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ݱǩ ж ֮
ؼ֣ǣ麣  ǣwb@  Ԥġϲ𡷡Ϊ󡷴רղ~
һ仰飺󣬴̸ס
⣺ġ


1 
ͷ
߸ŵŮոս뿪һֱڶδչд󲿷ֵ˹Ůǰ̷˴˼ֻЩ΢ϸ졣
ʱ߹Ĺڣղ֪ΪΣȴһİ
²Ź֣ͣԶԶ̸ȣǲ֪ΪΣİȴִӿ
֪мֲԾлҷӣȴסԼԺ֮зɢ˼ǰĵ·صߵ
ǰȴֺһŨص
С
ϴʮȾӲ֦ȹϹϡϣÿһʱȹ䲨ڡ
̧΢һȹգ۽
ӵԶ룬ģģĺԶʣС
ԭ
иͻȻЦŴӰ߳һ麣ˣūŵºӲʣȥگƫ΢ϢƬ̣
Ǹʮˣ룬ƽӹ棬ǹģ
Ȼ麵ʶѾģǴʱǰЦŵˣȷԼǰûм
ݣڹ֮ԭıвп»ˡ
վԼǰֻһˣҲȻסϺЦصأл⡣
赭дرܿ֡
˸գ۾Լǰˡ
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ֳһԣһۣ֪ΪʲôЦ̧麵󣬴Լߡ
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£ˣǺϻɢ
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ǽڻ˿䶼Ǹɬ⣬δ£Ҳ֪ʱζʲô
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лȻ뵽˹ĺܶ£һ㸡Լʡ
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ûзǰ㵹ӼAסصʱĴ˵Ŀ֬ۼ
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ѰʱͫʺܺڣʱųʪС
ĵƻȴֺ
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˵ϢĳӿڴʱһЩ
һԣѹЩްָһԵķβ
֪˭𣿡
ָľ޵ĴУǰˣƺǷֱһ
Ȼܸɴ
֡
νĻ֡
ָһûһµߵڴϣΪûм˼ţ
һһػ֡
⡣
л˵
ǣ
ʯ䡣 ʯ


2 
һβˮС
·ȴࡣ
ⳣһ̴ľֳ֣ƳȦϣ߲һδ̴㡣
麻䣬βָͣס
һƬָ̣ѹϸܵĴܡ
ǻҲҪס򥣬Լʲô
ԣ̧ۿԼǰˣδƬ̡
Ȼ΢Ĵĺͻ𴦡
һ¡
ĺ֮»
ԺҶ֮紺꣬ߣڶ߳ϡ

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ϡ
Ѿڵϣ麵ȹҲŸոյĶƣ¶ĽϸϵһöССŶϸ
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һʱǰĹУҲֻǿλڵƻɺЦ̣ׯ
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⿴麣ؽԼϵ̴ľֳ£ߡ
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ͣǿи
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룬λ֣ʱӦôԼûйϵá
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ѾϻϣҲ֪ϻǹУԼûʲô̡
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ײڵУʶ̧ۣͿѾ߹
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ۣ˿࣬ɡУӦû˸๶顣
΢ָ˿˴һԵľóһµͭС
ҩ౻ָһһظ˴
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Լ
˵һЩ̧֮ʱȴָָο۵ý˲á
𶯡
⿴麴ʱľִ٣΢˶٣ֵϹҩֲֹôһʲô
ĻָѾǲ壬Ҳ֪˵˴ʲôط
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ʱۣҲֻԶԶ߸ϵĻ֣ʱǰָ˴
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ϸ£ҩ౻ȵͿĨ˴ٿƬ̣ȷϲ©Ӿһ֡
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ҷ׼ȥյԼ˼봩Żֵ»ȥ
ǰҪĹ澲ﰵԸ˼ҹŮǲ֪
ûô֪֮ҪƾεĻҪЮ
һ߿ڽͣһҪȥյ֦ȹȹͰ͵ڵϣǺԶ
̧֣õ
ԣĿ⿴ڵϵȹӣûгֻһü
˿ĲȴҲ
ȹӸոϵʱ麲ſĺۼЩӿԺջްĹ⾰Уѵ
ȹдǸӣոָдãҲδ·
ʹȹһѺۡ
֦֮ȹȻǲٴȥˡ
麵۽ţٴ̧ʱֻںϾؿԼ
ڴʱؿΪߣ֮þλԿʵˡ
ôƲϵǰվùµҩͶһԣõôĵʶ
ΨһͳѧΪ֮λϲŭɫĵȻҲġ
ɴʱĻȴִһ·⡣
۽޵ʹ֪ʱӺζȴҲ֪ʱԶ
ֻǹ˳ԭء
⿴ûٿڣֻǴԱߵľó׼õȹǰ
ϡϲŭȥ
л˵
Ů̫ˣڵŹԹŮѳĸ
棬űġΪǰ䡷İר~
ͻʱңңָǳ½ʱܣ㲻ˡ
½ʱüëǴһۣģߣʢ⡪
˶٣һ 
½ʱʢ֮ĶһˣгΪ¸ͷȴҲûʲôλүۡ
лΪע½ʱܳ׵޼ҲͶǮҽȥ
߳νѵһɫҲֻ½ʱܿۡ
ֹպʲô½λСүۡ
ֱʥҵԧ׵һֽ飬ɲɣ½ʱƫƫȢߡ
ʢڶǼʱ롣
»֮ҹ½ʱܸ˼ߵ
¿˿½Сү
Ҳ
½ʱܣ
#Ƿͷ


3 
麻µʱ򣬸˱ܣټĶ޵ʱֻʣһˡ
зڵİת۾ڿС
麿ŴʱԼϥϵȹȹɴӣһ˿ζѾá
֮ǰԸʱѹƵӿ
ڹдδв̤ȥţʲôʱԼ޳⡣
ϲˣΪһ΢ĳ谮Ǳϲֶ̨Ρ
ȻֻǹмżĹ˽Ҳ١
һֱţպ޳ȥٰüųϾȥݻݶá
ѾǹֻҪѰŮһޣͿԸó
ƫƫʧ꣬븵ǣ
Уǵˡ
麸ոڸǰұ¶ֺʱڵУȻֱ̲ͦסһᡣ
ǰʱģһƬ
մʪȹ̧ȥ⣬¡
麴룬޹ǰʱԶԶؿʱվںȵˡ
ذ׵ѵĽۣȴ˿iңңɡ
ʱĸڵʱ򣬻֪Լʱ޶࣬麵ͷԺǵ˼ǵͣѡɵÿЩ̫ãòҲĪҪ̫ģ̫ȨƵĸǲף֪ȣЩΪá
̫ǰڹԶԶþ֪ò֮ݣ޹ֺϾǵĹŮ
ˣϲŭɫǸ㲻ˡ
ü߽ƽʱӷæص£߶Ż֣лȥͺá
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ͫһˮżͲֻʣǱ۸ˡ

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л˵
麣T T



4 
ߵ˶û뵽ȻǸ麻һʱеûл
һֱԶȥãǰס麵֣麺ʱ̫ӻʶ
˶٣ҲΪһϾʱݣ˵һ԰ġ
ĸҴͥһŮҺҲֻݲݷ˸͵λ֣Ըһ㣬ڹͬҲ޿
һĴҲǸӦ
ֻ˵빬ǵʱʥ죬麺ôӹһͬȥ鷿
ȴӳʼһֱڽ䣬ֻĸһͬѧѧŮ֮ࡣ
麾յ£ʵеľƣԶȥиЩ
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ڹһֱǿɼĴڣδ˼˭
ԣδɡ
⵹Ҳǡͷְ۵صε˻ĸۣвﰵѰĽϾԵаõ
ЦЦûӦ
΢΢һͣͻȻע⵽ϵһѹȹմĲͬһ
ǼȾӲ֦ȹ֮ڹУҲǲϡ
ֵؿ˺üΣȻܼǴ
սϸ˿̧ͷʵǼȹδأˣӦǲŮǰȥȡǣȹǸͣ⴦˿࣬ҰѾϻϣڹнǳɻĸӻӦٽһЩǡ
δ麵ɫŵ˵֮ҪҴյģ麿ɲҪˡ
˵ţվһԵ֦ſ˵Ļȥگǵ½ȹȡɵøһ㣬ǿǻ桪
㣬ٿؿڣյȹӲСȾϾҺϽѾ޷ϴˡ֮ǰӦʰʳԣǰ㲻Ļ밢㡣
ԣɫڨڨһʱƿڡ
Ƭ̺ŵ㵹ҲͼôһȹӣֻǾüȻ֮ӦǡȻԭί㣬Ǳǰˡ
ף麵ͷлġӦʰӦȹϴҾúȥ
Դоʲôëǧؽҹ˲ݵĻ⡣
Ҳûƴǣ̧ͷ˿⣬ǰԭǰףذ麵ģɫҲˣ˼գѵÿУӦЪϢЪϢҲ߶ˡ
һֱߺԭԳֵƫŹԭļž
ƫȻ󣬵Ϊʲô貼ãԻԿտ
ذ׵Ļƿһ֦Ѿеή滨ǰѯǷҪţûʲôθڣҡҡͷ
Ž֮ǰδϴϴ׼˵ʱ麵ӣһֱڲŻصЩˣϴЪϢɣȥˮ
֦ʱǰһվŵĺ
죺Щδūźϴɡ
֦ĸʱһֱߡ
ʵ׾֦˼ԶЩ
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֦ţͻȻ֪˵Щʲô촽⶯˼£ҲֻګګӦūԽ
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Ƕڸ˵ȴʵͷһ⡣
λʮһǵ̫޳گǱ̫ͻصУ꣬ۡ
˭֪г⣬ֽ̫Ѿ
ܵøշֻǰ¶պΪ˸ڷҲ̡ܶ
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Ե۴ʱڵУ˼Աߵ˸æۣϽ
Եýã۾ʱվڵеˣ̲
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췣갷¶Ϊθ˶ѣԵָߵڷŵϣ̫˵˵ﲻס
۾䣬Ҫ⽫͵޵ǰ
ߪʱδ飬ԭƲϡ޹֮пʷ̨һˣֶŹ֮Ϊ˺ôϲãߪ꿼ʱ¼ڲᣬһ֪֪׫дԭӦǨֻ黹δŸһʱ䡣
ԣʷһְ
ԵţϾ縡֣Цһϵ۷ڵأڸǰ档
ⲻ˲ܣɫ糣
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л˵
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5 
ϴʱûúԣԺĬýʪӲü
һۼԽ÷Խԡ
ָӲ˼£һƬǴһӷһԡ
֧ԡͰϣڽֱϣµ˿ʪˮС
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ȻţǱϾҲУȻҲ֪λ̫ӵµ
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ȻһĵΡ
ǡ
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ЩްƬʵԭѾǲУǴʱȴظԺ֮С
ⲻΡ
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һֱּ̫Ҳֻʵǡ
ʺ̾һûнŸոյĻ˵ȥֽѾǣϻϣô˵ҲҴϵС㣬οǰĹӼûǴǰ̫̫򲡸ٵǶʱգΏдΪ̵㡣
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һʱĻʺҲôշ= =


6 
Ŀⲻ˲ܣָڲյ֮ϣңңӡ
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ոյЩ˸ߵСϡ
ԱߵСϣЩں󹬵ģҪ߶볯йٻ½ӴҲЩոҲſЩӵܵƷԡ
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ǣ̽û޳ѾĻˣTvT


7 
֮ǰȷʵûܡ
Ҳ˵ĹƾݣҪʲôɫˣ˴ȥҪ׸
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ʱʱδǴֵʦ޻֮磬˼УɼȻѾλȴ˿ѲŰ̬֮Ȼһ
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Ȼƴǣֱ̫ӵ󣬲֮࣬ǱϾʦصǰҸҪһˣ׻ͬˡ
ѩǵĳİ;µúܴῺ·˵һЩݿĸĸ֮ڹǰһԱƺѰм¡
῿˿⣬ƺѯ
˱һֻʦ㡣
멣Ϊ̸Ҫ£ߵĳûиһԣѩ·вģѩ˺֮ϡ
٣ڹŴۡ
ԭ۾˼⣬ظоһӰԼϡ
ԲͿһ겻ʮСڳԼɡ
ֻʵ̫СЩǽ뽫ɡٸߣɡҲֻǿѡ
ɡЦſͫúܺڣѩУԵøΪڡ
ĴһССУЦ̡
֡
ɫĽж̰ȹ̧۽޿ѩл֡
ոմǵûпҵ
ֻһ۾ʹŲµСݣڶ῵ľأ΢
һ£еɡҲ̧𣬵סѩ
ûü˵ǰС￴գһ۾ԼĵȫԺǷʲôһ㾪档
֣ÿ
˵⻰ʱĿⲻȾ
ǹеĻʵܻãڹҲĿȾҶԽ
˽̸ûþʹҴҸ븵˵ʱһ
ֻһŮСؽŵģȻΪ˶˷Ҳʲôŭ֮ʼұϾȼУҲ˵ʲôײ̫ӵ¡
῿첽߹ȥһ麸ոΪ߾ɡƵȹܵãλɲʲô֣ǹе̫ӵ¡´μɲôˣ֪𣿡
麵ͷȻɡͷ۽䡣
ÿԻ̫Ӹ𣿡
ͣãλǹеĹˣֳܻġ
˵ԺǸسŸ⣬ֻ˵ԼֻôһŮƽｿţ齿ݣûʲôʶҲûûСģĪ֡
麶һ˲ֻ¡

ʱǨȴΪ˳Ļá
޵˵齿ݣҲֻò̬ǹŮһǫ̬
㲻ǹ䡣
⿴վԼǰ麡
ȥ޵ǰЦ̣ȴö˺϶ȣԶƵСģ
ֲһ̴飬Ǵǰ˿ˡ
Ӧ߹ã´㲻ʲô˾ӡ
ʵ˵ЩȫȻνҪǣϣܽǰ׵ǵԵʣЩ֮ġ
պȨգֺαǿԼ
ǾֻСˣͼ󡣡
ٿ˵ǿ̧ǻڶҲƣֵͼʲô
ͼ
üЦ£֪ΪʲôЩƻζ
þأ
ʵǰˣ麴ûп׹
һʱҲãıѾҲգǸ߸ϵ̫ӵ£Ȼĳ롣
ȴûС
ڵԼмȤ˽飬һ¶ǱϾȨ˸๡
ÿʷ辳صˣֻ
۽ޣٳٶûӦ
Ƭ̺󣬸ǰβ΢ģ̾һ漴ᣬں塣
ô¹£ôί
ָ麵βϸܵĴܡ
֮ǰ飬֪̫㲢洦ѾɾһΡ
Ѿڴߵǰ⽫Ŵûǰƫţ̧뿪
麻صƫʱڻ԰ϣסڴĳˡ
ϹĶ࣬ʹѰ˷ڹУݳڵŮС
ң̰ͼʣɣǼв֧ţòҲӱڹеˡ
˾֮һ
Ҵݵˣ˵Ļʹ빬ǣҲĵʥ죬ȴΪ꽥½ִӲϣҲĴߵ
ߵƫԶֻԵԼ˻ôһλɾסڴˡ
˲죬ʲôѵ˼ֻԵһͷʹ
ȴ´һ麣üûĶҲԵ÷֡
ӵĿ麱ܵĸоеʣüصС
Ϊ˼ǣԸҵζûô˯ãױȥǵ
麸ϴԺ󣬾ͻص޼ЪϢˡ
һֱĺɫĺϣ麲תѣ˿ɫš
˽ڻʺĻԼúʵѡһһϡ
ʱңµӣʱͼˡ
ǵȻձЩעѾĬ£Ҳܼǵ÷ֺ޲
Լոдµֺע
޵ʲôˣʵʲôν
պӦϾǡ
ڸոдϻһߡ

϶ӣǻϵմӣһҶڱ߹
ͶʮϷȻţǡ¡ͻڱ߹س鲻Ŵӱ߹ظϻأһֱϾ游Т
ȵТڽλ϶ӾҪ»ص߹ء
ӣТѹʮ£¾ҪТˡ
佫ңżйɭϣڼжպķ˲Ƽ
Ҫǣٻؾǡ
ָԷոԼд֣뵽ոԼģ
Թŵౡ飬ڻʼҵĸ⣬ȻҲ⡣
ܣҲӦйǣ
֦ߵߵš
˼
֦кõʱ߷ǰΪ֮ǰĻЩʱࡣ
ʱ˳һԣ麲δԼ̽ſʵ½ǰȥǵʲô£
¡ô𣿡
֦Ƭ̣ƺЩԥŽ˵յ»ص˼Ժ󣬲֪ΪΣڵױ磬ոճȥ
һ١
ߵ΢ʲôӲ˴ˡ
ǸˣǰҴ׷ˣƫƧĴߵҲǴеᷳˡ
֦麲ʲôȤģֽŵ˴þϸױݶޣȣūţӦȥɡ
*
ոմû
ԵҪ幵ʵڼȻƣϾʥּ£ҪĲʲô¡
Ҳʵ˵ǸŲոյƣ֪⵲Լ;ﰵ˵̫ӵԽ޴ңĲ
ҲǳλʺĴ壬ôճӱôһģ
ƫǴմմϲԼи̫Ḷ́Ե۳;Ȼƽơ
վͿȨһ
ⴽ΢
Խ޴ҡ
ԵԼδظǰ˵Ļ
̧߻ضʱ߲δų棬ոٿظоڰ֮УζӲԶ
üͷܿӡ
֮ģЩ΢ȹĦ졣
һ˵ڵأָڵϣͫᡣ
˴ƻʢⳤгͨϾĽӳϵɫǰ˵
Ұ׵Ĺ£ӳһŽֵݣΪڲǰĽˣɢңʧɫ
зδΪǰǸ˶ջؽУ΢Ƚ֪ʲô³𣿡
ĺ⼸ó˼
ǰ˵ţȻʲôӡҲ֪⵱Եɡ
ϣǵ졣
Ҳû뵽Ȼ㲻顣
麻صʱ򣬳˿ЩߣǰҴʱ¥ݵͷƣȻø񵽵ʲôͼ
λסƫĻã̸ס
˴ʱ׷ҴɾΪȹ֮
סƫԶ˵Ĵߵ̫ãԵʵڶ࣬òϾѾ˫ʮ࣬ȨƣȻһòȴӽԵ۶û·
ⲻͬ
ֻǸ棬ʱԼߡ
Ҫӽλ̫ӣҪԵۻҪ׵öࡣ
ҪǣԵѾϲಡ˥֮ࡣ
дȨ䡣
ڵĹ˭֪̫ӸǽǸȨˡ
ȻҪʸȨ󣬾Ӧľܡ
˾ڷ³ȨҲ֪ȻЩ
ӯڽޣڵأɤᡣ
£檲ⷸǰҪպ̷ܹҡ
ԣ֪ΪΣζЦ£ָڽ˼£ܱƤʲô
˼ɫԶԭڼͷ䣬Ө׵ļϵ׺
٣ڣռʮһصԴĦǵϲ׵˽飬ǽĳʮһܸµģҲԣҹ٣֪£Щʶ̧١
ЦЦȴڳἰʱָս
ǾãԼȡ֮ѵΪ
˭𣿡
ɫȻոչ̬ĸоһɱ⡣
̫ӵ¡
ڱĸоʯʱ亹ʪ˱
ոջûɱ⣬ֻΪԼᵽ麡
ۿ󽫽ýһеĽ
²ɱ㡣
ڹ¸ıǰ
ϴЦ˵ڵĻᡣ

л˵
Ժǰ˵£»٣Ǹõ굢һ~
ʮС~


8 
²졣
üȻǱ̬ҲԵýˡ
ǰȴֲһ˿һϧ֮ģһ۶δٿ˹زеĽС
Ľвδ˿
ֻǿЩմϵζ
˴ʱͻȻ뵽֮ǰڵ⿴ʱλʢ̫ӵ£۾ںǰĹ
ʵ֮ǰѾ֦ڼλӺȨãйǡ
Ψû⡣
ԭ檵¹н֪ȻڼòǶĸ߸ϵˣǾݡ
Ȼ󣬵Ҳֻ˶Ρ
һĸȨƣѷĻҲǲɡ
ֻǽڵһۣ˱˼
Ⲣǲ֪¡
֪̲סǰ¥ݴþˣĶ࣬ӴͬĿŹģϲɣϲ֮ϲ˰ﲨ
Ǹϲ׵˽飬Լֺγϵĸ
˵ò˵ĻʹΪˣ꣬ҲŲ˫ʮ࣬ױ㾫Ժģɷ
̫ӵ²޾ܾɡ
ǰˣʼնû˿⶯
ĵ뿪һֱںڰ֮еĳź
濴˿Զҵĳˣת򸵻µ׼ص
Ƭ̣ȥ𣿡
ָڲǰȻһ£²ɱˣҪҪȥ
Ƥδƣֽ̧н뽣ʣ޷ûӡ
˳ƽӹǰ彣
µΪҲδ
ȻɱǸȷʵһ˰ˣοǹзɱ¶ˡ
麻صʱӦµóҵġ
ɱ򵥡ֲŪһԼе̴飬ŵͲˡ
˵⻰ʱ뵽麽βӡ
СﻹͦѺ塣
һҹš
轵һκҹ磬ʱ򣬿˴Ʈһѩ
ѹ֣ȴѩʵټ
֦еů¯ϣĩֿڴǰڿѩ
֦뵽յļţڵҹʱū澵ǿ˳ɢҵػˣȥʧǵģǸ份û
֦ЩԣҲ֪ȥʲôˣһĸӣū澵ǵһοǱ
֦ڻʱ飬Цһ
ĪҪȥʥϣ˻ɣ
˴ǰҴݱ׷ϰˣӲǺͣҲЩˡ
Ȼƾĳ࣬ҲһֱƫԶĹ
֦˵⻰ʱЩֻζ
ʵֲµ˳˵ȥ˭ġ
ص֮ʱ޵Ĵ֮ڴߵǰƬ̵ͣ˼ϡ档
ϱϾòȴȨƵĹҪ֦ҲѰ
ֻǳҵԵۻǸ⣬Ҳûʲôϵˡ
ƿ뻽һѩٿȻıڻָ⡣
صɡ
˫ֽڴأۿŴߵխ
ڣѩ˽ȥҲֻǽ׵Ԩ
ĸ׽Ժ󣬻ȻȥҲѾöδˡ
Ȼϲңܵûʺ׼ǰ˵磬ҲܾΥأ硣
һҡ
길ͻ֢ţֱȽ˹ǣ۴ǲɢլѾá
˾٣ھвðฮۡľǴǰլ
Ȩ󷱶࣬ҰнۡԽԽãضκõĽмС
ȻǰӧңϾ򣴨ھеϺõضðһլۡһСĿ
Ϊ˾ٵ棬ƲһӵģǴǰլ
еޱ߼ʵ룬Ҳ֪ǰ滨ڲڡ
Ͼʱµġ
֦Ѿ˳޼ֻʣһˡ
ֽ̧֮ǰ̯Щ඼ǹһЩġ
֮ǰµעнλСƽ
ʮ⽫ʮӪնɱ˧ū˰ֽ񲻹֮꣬Ѿ߹صС
֪λСϲʲôֻܴ֮ǰע֮дĦһ
ϸѩָѹϣȻǻɬѶı飬Ҳ档
*
һչȥǰյѩѾڣ麶δټ⡣
ǶݵسƬ̣ת˲ʧ
ȻڴߵŲԵʣ֮ǰĸƵȴǰ޲ƽʱЩȻ
ֻһʱ𣬾ٺòˡ
ٵ£Ҳ˼Ӧ
ô˵¡
վҴ磬ʺﻹǵ֮ǰŵ糿֧ʹֵ˴ߵ
ǸڻʺߵףǾЩʶŮ춼Ӧϵó
˸ǰȥǸ˼
λֻЩȹΣȻ麲δϸǹ֯˾ȹҲ֪·ǳƷ
λֽ֪ҵЩױҲϸ¡
һֱͭǰһʱֲſüʡ
ϸϸžеŮʵ̲סµóȻǽдȱˣУҲǶһݵݹˡ
ЦЦֹֻ
ͭǰֱͦϸ˿ʧ̬
ֶɵĹҲϧµĶỺ
ο½ǰȥ˼ǣūڣñ˵ȥ
˳۽£һƬ衣
л֣Ҳֻص󣬰ﰢ麶лʺ
һֱʱ룬麲Žױϡ
֦ͺδһͬǰȥǻʺԸȥŵģȻŵ͵ƥľϣżֵƣοػŹеıʶ
ĵɢŵ̵Ľ¯һݻλһһҺ˵ھһ֧ľ
ڳɣΪϵϵŮеճжŮһӣֱΪ΢ٳ
˼ǵ麱Ͼǰ빬ҵȫȻǣһ顣
Ȼǰ࣬Ǵǰÿĩ麶Ҫǰ򣴨ˡ
ʵеľǵá
Ǹ껹Сٳлٵӡ
ἰһЩջҡ
ĩˣɫ麣֮ǰϵˣҲǰġ
µ˼ʱ΢ҲǺõġ
ҲźصֻǿϧˣΪǸСӦûϾϲʲôһĹ٣һţλСֻТڣȻѾТҲˡ
Ե˵ͷҲû̫⡣
Ͼ²Ż뾩ؼһʱ
ʯ·ꥵ졣
̧ᣣҴӹĽ־
ʮ壬ֵϻѰʱЩĵ紵þļ´Ҵӹǰ
֮ͱһ⡣
Ҳ֪ǹ˶ãͣ¡
֮ǰõϢ֪λǰҵŮϻףڴӹǰ硣
黹Ǽ⣬Ϊ֧ŮҶӦӭӡ
³һۿվȺˣ麵ʱСҵĶӣ
麴ǰλй֮Ե̧ʱͿ[ۣº˹ĵӣӡеģྶͥ
첽ߵǰλǰðɣڴ˽ùҡ
Цݺ㣬΢һ֡
ͷЩ˼ӣ΢߽ʮģ
Ҳ֪ûǲǵңǰ򣴨ʱ㻹ҲعƣŶԶԣǰ͹͸ġ
Ϊ̧߽ۣͿ˸ոһֱվˡ
ĸһϮɫװŽȻߡ
ÿ㣬Ȼȴ˿
ߵʱسЦ¡
麼˵Ļ
λС
л˵
˵㣨
ʮTvT


9 
ǰƻʢվڵ£ϲδɳɷȴֿɼɾ緢
ֻܼò忡ɻվڵʱſԼȳ綬ѩ
Ȼλ߳Ҳġһ
˳麵߿ȥԼվŸˣ漴üɫؿʼܣŶԣãҸո˽ˣλǻС֮ǰϽʶĺѡ
ͫʺܺڣʱеӳŵƻϴī
Żӯӯһݡ
С
ߣʱЩڵָ±Ǽ⣬ûٿ

ƳߣüŪ۵ر˱ļ
ִһŽ࿪
סЦ⣬ת麵ǰûʲô˵ëͷСһǺˡ
麿λСһɫҧ
Ҫˣżþգת麵䣬ÿЩգĸ׶е㡣
*
һӵĹǴǰңˮͤ󶼺ʹǰһ޶ֻǻȻȥĲͬ
ˮǰƬ滨Ѳȡ֮ǴƬĵҩ
Ʋ֪Ǵǰլÿһطں麽š
Ҳδ˵ʲôֻվԵͷ
򣴨İңΨһһھΪٵӵܣȻⲻ˵ġ
ⳡüΪ֣ǰԺ֮Ķ࣬˶ϵģʱͿλΨһĵΪһλ·Щ档
ϾҲδ˵λ϶ж׵Ϣ
ҲЩʱŮ죬ۼؿ˸ǹ֡
гˣֳҡ
λݲѲ¡
ǰĹӼ֮Ůʮһ麡
¥ȣڵ
ʱƻͨʢλ֮ϣԱվżλ檣⣬һԼʮߵŮףڵü衣
Ȼֻǰλý㣬麻ϳˣҵĴС΢
΢˽²յĿڿʲôԺһ˲
Ҳֻһ˲
ҵļ£֮ǰһֱĬŸһֱĬ뿪ˡ
λ꽫˵ڱ߹غռʱȴһɷ
뵽֮ǰʱɫ뵽˵˵
ҹصеʱҲҪעȥ
λϵĲĸ죬ĸױ͵ǣҲ֪Ĭġ
Ͼϣů
ڱϾϻϣϵϣΣⲻ
鿴麵Ķпƺ˴ǰ׵ΰ̸Ҳ̸ʧ񣬴º͵Ц⣬ǰվ֡
֮һѸ˶Щ˼ֺֻǺǵЦš
ڹеһЩǰ򣴨飬麽Ӧԣ޿ָժ̬
Щڹ֮ı˭ӦԣҪ˻Ҳѡ
ֻǶϣ롣
麡
һֱĬĬӦԣͻȻ֡
㸸ס
ϻⱻϣתͷһԱߵһۡ
⻰һ֮жЩ
ῺҶǽ̸Ļ⣬ԭֻΪʡ
;ƽ̹ȴţ֮ԭҲֻ˶ƫƫӵգһТأΪ֮Ŀʧ
᳼ޣʵ㲻ùʣοҲ̸䡣
῵ĶŮ麣̸֮ɫĴڡ
΢һ٣Ƭ̧̺ۣȻǹɵ̬
л˶٣ֻǲ֪еĸףǴǰĹӼƴˣǽϣ
Ȼϻϣ˴빬Ҳ˾֪顣
Եһʲ޲ס
ɫڨڨû˵ʲô
Ƭ̺󣬻ϳԲ麸ոչңЩһֻҪȤóȥ䣬Ҳõ˿ʱˡ
ȫ֪ոշʲôֻ֪ǷŻ̸ͻȻֻǶƣˡ
˫һƲ˯ţȥתת䶼̧ߣ֡
麸ȥʱɫΪ磬죬̧۾ͿողڵĻŽǽϣǰ֮г̧ǰ
ոǰбúˣʱǱ˻ϻһӸ׷ܵĹһֱ˵Ӽǰλ̨˯
һֱǾţֱ;һԺ䡣
ǰסĵط
麶²ȤͿʼܣҰסĵطֻǴǰĴ֣󣬽ʱķЩ˼ͻ˲ѪˮͤһһǷڴǰլҲټľɡ
ʵҪҪȥ㲻Щġ
볯ٵʱ⴦լδɣеһһʱῺΪĴġ
ΪΪ˽⴦ͥԺٺ»
ͥǰҲѣǧٰϡƷֲ֣ȥ
ʱ麸ߣ뿪ʱѾͤͤǡ
ãֻһŮӣҲҪڶӵ׼
ϣ⴦ĲõͥԺУ֮Уų
ƽ˳죬ϲǡ
麲δ˵Ƭ֮󣬲ڣԺͥǰֵ𣿡
ô֪ԭ滨ȷʵ֦ҶïüãЩϧֻǰֲϲױ˿ǿޱ
ͷҷǲЩҿޱࡣ
ؿܴʲô
δ麣ֻϻ̫ࡣ
ָָ麣ûҺͰ̸𣿡
΢֪Ȼóʱ麵ϵЦⲢС
ˣҲδڴĻ
˳ָŵķȥɿ麳ԼһЦ
ͫʺܺڣ˴ƻɺЦƴʱǳ
վǰǡ̧ͷ¡
麴ʱʲôҵ뷨££֣ɫйض࣬δ˹ҾͲˡ
£Ŷûʱ𣿡
û뵽һ䣬⹬йػǶࡣ
յͷǻȥôһ˾ôȥƫҽֺǸҵǸСԼ˺ȾƣѣӣֻҪȺЦϺþá
ͷǡÿվһԣŽĻ
֡
˫ֺǰǸңɫǶȻһ˶ԻȥģֻҲ֪ԼǲȥʵӣҪЦģͰ͵һء
¡
˵ͷ
ȥ
л˵
޳ovo


10 
еڻ˵ԭ˱ӻͷڹ׼ͻȻĻʣµĻ˻ȥ
Ŀɵؿ˿ƺ뵽ʲôȻһ㡣
Ļļ򣬡ֽ壬Ī֮ǰƥ˵˵ֻҪ㽫ƽͻȥ㼸Ҳ⡣
Ƭ̣ǿͼ찡
ֻ̲ȥˣü䣬޷ǾǲҪŰãҪôʹļ׵ǧҪԼЩ
һֱ߶˺þãԼԼææسϯȥˡ
һ뿪Χٿذ
麶ԻͻСˡ
ǾԼ̫䵭ֺܿڴ£޷
ǲͥԺǰλָոǰȥ񵥵ĵطδһͬͥǰ麡
λִʱһͬ߳ʶ
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11 
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ĬƬ̣صСӦҲ֪ҴǰݣֻǹеĹΪݵ΢ҴǰҲֻڹԶԶؿ̫ӻֳ֣룬֮ҲѰ
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12 
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13 
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14 
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15 
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ϴԺһ軺˺еĸɬǳߣһ˾˯ʱڴ齱ߣַͷߵһʷ顣
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16 
ǵŵζʺ󲦹ԼյеĸĭЩϡؿ׵ˣҲôӰʱոǵѲˣ
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17 
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һ멣ڻص·ϡ
̲ס֮ǰڶĳ뵽ԼڵӦ𸵻Ļ
ʵĻҲʲôҲΣ㲢ҪĴ𰸣ҲֻһٻӦЩ
ֻǻˣǾʱɫ˵ʶʱʵԡ
ϸˣֻˡ
ҲֻԼǴǰŮֳڹǣܴӶ֮ƽ»صߵɡ
뵽ʺԼ֧ǵҲǲһԾˡ
ʺΪԼ˼ֻ֪࣬Ժ󣬶ҲҪԼˡ
ϾĶӡ
ûٶ룬£ԼϵĴ멣ȴٿؿԼǰӳһƬɫ۽ǣƮľƣ̴ζҲ֮ĸй١
̧ۣöϸԵͫʡ
ȻѰһ㲢ʲô
˹ؿڡ
֮ǰ飬ÿǵˣ
л˵
죬ڵأˣֹġлʥ;
ӮǰӡΪͬ׳Լ֮
ãá
~


18 
麽ճУԵ֦
֦˿ǰˣ궼ƫƧߵĹ֮Уٲʲô磬Բʶǰˡ
ֻǰ˿žǳֻԶԶؿһ۾֪ȻӸλ
ΪãӦǹеĳλӡ
֦æ
λ˵ʱ޵Ϊ麵Ůȴ֪ʲôʱλ
֦ȻɻҲʱ̧ͷֻλȻֻǴһδݵ[ۣҲȻ̧ͷˡ
ֻλԹ󣬱Ļӡ
֦
֦ԭͷͻȻỽԼһԺɫ£
Ȼȥա
֦еæؿһԼǰλˣҲûеӶʲôԥƬ̣תл˴ߵ
˴봺ߵǺԶԸܶ඼ǷĹʲôˡ
⻺βţ
ŷǵʱȴö֮ȥߵ·ϵȻǻʺ˵ʲôҲûʲôν
̧ۿ֮ǰ¡ҴӦֵ֣ͻӦŵŹ𣿡
Ƭֽ̣ʵ˵ķŹǿѰһ޳⣬պҲֹֻϵãٸŵ˴˵
㲻ϴ󣬸ԣԵ
ϵ̴ٿطĦ졣
ʮ˿׭̷Ӿĵ̴飬޼ֵ֮ǣָ仺رĦ
Ҳؿˡ
ԸһҹҲԸзֺĶģظεķŹԸ
ͻȻڹǰ麺ͻʱ
ոոմڴµһ׮ԩҵһ֧յе뵡ԭּ֧£ȴʱ麡
ʱ˫ֽڴǰͫϵ£ڿŻ
͡
ⲢỳɣȻ־ڱ߹أҲɻġ
Լʱ򣬴ǫκδģֺء
ƾȨһйһ֮䡣
ɱЩǣ麽ڵ˵ճɼңڡԸӦԼƵҲԼֽޡ
Ĭãתʵþأ
麱ߣ֮ǰڶ㲽ƣΪ֮ǰִִѽ⣬Ӧǣֺ
ָ˺߬
Ȼ
Եͷˡ
Ǳʱȴߵֽز
Ҳ޳

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С麵£ŷеĸôʣֻһҲԲȥˡ
߶߶ؽֱߵϻƣҼζǺܺõģ֪ϻ浽ĸģJɬҲʲôֱ𡣡
ŷзģÿɹǰȥȡĶҲһ޶ʲô
麳һڣȻ˵һʣԶԶ֮ǰߵеķ
ָһ£ֻɫƽǽյǷѡ
ûжʲôԵ˵ͷ߷ߵĵӦݺݿ
ʧЦ
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վԭأһȻʵܻĶҪ𣿡
Ҫ
˵ͷǻõĶҪǱ㻻ѽϾǸλȨأˣǲĻҲʱֻ׶̸ˡ
Ҳհǰ˺ԭΪֱ׼򵥡
ʵ˵òʲôԡ
ڻúÿǣȴ˿ûΣʱˣͼȻңȵ˽֪ĵزԼκοѡˡ
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سŵҲǲҷ
麴µ۽޺ϸ΢زһ£ٿ뵽ڶڵ¶ȺͻްĹ⾰£⶯üаӿ
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ѹúܵ͵ɤЩƣŸ̴ζ峿
ҲֻһʱԶѡ
̧ۣվڲԶĺڻϿһ£֦ģǲҪ֪Ϊá
úܼ򵥣Ӧǣת˳˵ڡ
*
诵ڣµĹ˽ǴϢҷһ˿һ졣
ľ³辫ɣÿһԿó˼װζǼֵ߰ǷƷ
߰λҽʱվڵУֵ˪죬ȴźȫΧڵеһСԡ
棬һѪɫȻŻȻԿݺύ˿ڵˡ
ǱˣӸ⡣
СͺٳԹʲôͷ˷˾࣬ȻǳˣҲֻʣ˿
ļ٣һֱڵⲽ
Աʩ̫ҽͻͻţʱɫ̲ס뵽֮ǰ´Щ¼ϸ΢̾һ
˵ţҲĿŵ̫ӵǰҲ֪ʲôԵʣȻ͵˾ȥ
ֻЩ֮飬һССҽҲҶʲôĬĬϼ䡣
̫ҽʩϣϸ˿ڻƬ̣ջزڡ
ҶڵǸʲô״̫ҽʩϣʵ̲סʣкЩˣ֮ǣڿˣ
̫ҽصӵһ˾ȷʵЩͷ˾ţأǺû˼Ҫ֮ǡ
ŷŵӷŻ˿ǱáǱá
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һֱ뿪诵ڣһλŹ۵̫ҽŤͷ˿ˣСӵµǷʲô
Ļû˵꣬ԱԳЩ̫ҽ̺ǳЩ˵ҲҲ죿²ǲҪ˲ɣ
ǳ̫ҽŵһ飬ҡͷٸʡ
һֱĺɫСϵĸڶ˶ƤʶŸոѣͲԼȫһʹ
ãȻؿ˿ܣⲢ˾࣬һ˿
µ⼸һֱӣȻԳݣҲʲô֮
˾ʱգ뵽⵱ʱƣ˾Ŀຮµģλ֡
ڸⲢûеɱġ
ˣʱ˲ϵҩģֽոմӿⷿó˲ηһԣ첽ߵ齱ʵҶɺЩˣ
ֳ齱ߣ˵ƽ޹ʿ˸Ҫʲôʲô£αҪԣ˸滹˵ϻĸδܴ˾н
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Ƭ̣ŴĸЩ˵ʲôֵǵı
ʲôǡ
ݣ诵Ҵ˵Щѹúܵ͡
ҧгһһǸҰ֣
л˵
꿩Ҫ޸˿~
þıѾãûovo
~


19 
ʢڳһСѩ⼸ȴת˲١
ΪյɫãƫеĲ鶼Щܳˡ
῵ֱ֮Ƚ˹ǣ˽῵Ĵ󲿷ﶼˣҲֻʣЩǰĲһЩֵǮĶȫЩ롣
˳ָᰴһ鼹ĳ¾鱾ζźصĹӸУͷãббкĹУܿϸС
ʱڶ֮УͻȻȥ꼰ǵ峿ƾճڴߵһα֯ɵĺ
׹һСС飬ɫӨ
ѾãҲȻŵƮɢ̴ζ
麽κŽУַһҳ
ջʺߵλ˵ǴǰΏһЩϻߵ
֮ǰ顣
λڴǰĸ׻һЩ΢֮飬տԼʱ򣬲ŻƬʧ˵Ὼ
ԭվڵ˼⣬Ժ⴫һʵ
ã
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Ҳ󣬹֮в彣ûѰһ㱧ԼĽֻ̬ʵظ
麻ǰ֡
Զ˶תС
մһ[ۣЩЩϢ
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кļ۽Цų麵ǰһ򣴨ڼз˲常ǰľЩԭӦͽеģһֱûʲôᣬڰѾϻϣЩҲӦ㡣
ǴȥһŵɫӣЩ˰Щ
ʵᵽȽϺʣ
ƫԭҲ˵Ǵ󣬰ᵽﶼûʲôν
麵ڽͺãЩ鶼ɹ֮һɡ
ſʱԺɹŲٲ飬Ϊľ֣Ҵҿһ۾;ͷԷ裬æתЩˣ׷ȥҲЩȥǹҵĹ뷿ЩëëŵģҪʲôͲˡ
麸ȥٿԭĬĻڣ
Щ죬ת
ոһֱһֱֻʱִһԼ쵽ǰ
ǽڷУһ֦滨
⼸ת磬滨Ҳʤһ֦Ҳѡģϸ׵СŴش֦ͷɢǳζףʱȴС
֦ͣС֮ǰʱӦϲ滨ڽ;żһãһ֦
ϵ֦϶˶٣ٿȻ̧ӡ
ӣֽŵ˾ٴͻЩĪҪ֣ǲ£͵޴Ҳ޷
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һֱʲôʱټһλСֻΪӶ⣬ԭ뷨
ܲ˵ʱ޵÷ʱľִҲܲ
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е滨ɢŵζ
ûӦŻſڡ
¶һģӦ֪佫ҲʲôػصĻ֮ǰ̸߹صʱ򣬺ﲢ޶ų⣬Խðǰ¿ų⣿
ʵⷬй˺ܶ顣
żԼԺУ뵽̧ͷʱģ
һֱԴǣȻЩ߹ص£Ҳú档
Тʮ£Ҫ뿪ǡ
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ǲ֪ҪҪǰһιǡ
ҲΪԥõ¡
һֱҪǰ;˳µһͬǰߵ
׼ʶĲ֪ʱҲȻԼǻ֮Ĺĵ㡣
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վ£ɫԣͦúֱɰء
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ָһ£̧ۿСΪȻǲųģֻǡ
˶ٲСӦ֪ҵľһûʲô׽ĳӦ˼ȫΪá
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ٿȻ֮۾Щ˼ص̫ͻڼг
ֿڽ͵ҸΪȻЦǶֳȴʮִȰĸҲºֳͣ볤ɩΪ˺ܺãʲôϿĹء
˵ЩʲôɿѾʰӵгûٿڡ
к۽еǸӷźã˳һĶȷϲʲôȱ©ԺŴӵ߳
߳ʱĿܿԹԺɹĲ飬վ£ͷ߹ȥĻļ硣
ֲҪְôڻվ
˵˵ŲŻȻ򣬡Ŷ֪ˣҪšǽտɲУһҪŰһ´ǰ常ľɲһͬǰȥ˵һˣܲҪ밢ɣ
ǣһ£麵½սҪ£ȸˡ
ӦСߡ
һֱˣôǣ۹Уֹдʣ
ֲҲ֪ϲϵ·Ͼ⹬ʵƵģôҲ죬ʵڲϵãҸʣҲҵİɡ
ԭڽԶĲ鷭һҳֹٿȻ̧ͷʵָո˵ʲô
ΪͻȻһ㶣æŶǻֽһͬʵǲΪҶҲҪǰȥְ
ָԽ˽ʵҪȥ
˵ͷҲû⣬ǰӲã̫ӵڴ̫ӵ´ǰȥ߹أֻϤӦʲô¡
л˵
˵ȥȥԹôɫôѿ
Ҵˣˣ~


20 
ڲ޹װΣɢǳ̴ζ
⹪վǰ޳ָǺëʣֽҳϵּȹ·塣
Ŵʱߵ죬
ؽսѵóĬƬ̡
δ̧ͣͷ
æͷ£ǰְѾڵȺ򡣡

ԥһԵЩǴӹġ
¶Ƭ̣Ϻõֽ˲䦿һƬīա
ؽʸһԣԴزԼָ
شʱҲҶ˵ʲôת˳˵ڡ
⽫ոմȾīյֽŶһԣǰĽŲʱɫĮ̧ۡ
üҼԶ׼Ц⣬δ˵糺졣
еĸʱ̫ӵ¡
ĩǰؾΪТһֱδǰְ¼¡
̬ʣ¡
߹سս£һ߹أһѵõӢš
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߹صȾְ֣ǱϾϾʱѾãʵʲô˵ġ
˵ְֻ߸̡
Բʲôɫ赭дһ
վԭأʱԭӦˡ
ԥƬֵʵĩǰְ⣬һʡ
̧̧ۣܵʡ
ȻϻϣϾڹУҲǻŮ
ǰڱ߹شһʱ䣬λƷгڵ̫ӵ»ʶ
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ŲԶ̬ʵĸ⣬֪طλ̫ӵ̸Ǻá
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ֱͶʮ궬ĩͻթȥһͬǣݶֲǿسգҲδȵԮ
⵱ϣͻΧͻ۾˱ҰĲȴҲϧҴҴĲҲԹ෽ƺ֮˱߹һս
жλ̫ӵȻ𾴵ġ
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˶٣ɫĩֻʮһ棬ǹ̬Ϊ˿ɼĳĩٳϼҹϿϲʼȱ֮١
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ʰʱе£ڵ޶ŵϵӲݡ
ոսϻһȡͻȻֲã
ŻŵͻȻܽһκ׹һСС顣
СôҪĶôҪǸոշ緭ҳ¶˳һûע⵽
ԼŷŽеκ̧ۡ
Ǵʲôݵǰ
ûӦ޶еĸ߱䣬ѵõɫֻһ涼ҵɫ˵ǼֵǶΪȻլҶûмĶǾеЩӺңҲԼһۡ
ĶӦҲֻйܼ
࣬̾ãĪǱʹ͵İɣ
麽ӹеĺ
ССʯ淺Өɫ̴ζܻգһۡ
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л˵
ǵѡ
ģŶ
ڸ·նǸ˵㣬ʮ~


21 
ߵ仨ĻͷҲûʲô͵ġ
麵ָ֮е顣
ٿ뵽Լȥ꼰֮ʱ
ڴգԼ֮ʱʢĹǴů⡣
ֻһʽĹǰҲֻЩ⡣
ЩܹעĹҪһһ̤Ϊ췢ĽǾемӣٸ߸
йߵ̫ʺߴΪĽǾڵй
ŶޣȻҲû¡صļ
Ǳڹ֮еĳ
ҲûĽ
ϾνĹݣֻǼϵļеݡ
ֻżǻ룬Լϣֲʲôġ
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⴮ڼĵڶճڴߵУԴ˭ȴû뵽ϡ
ֻΪʵԼʲôҲֻ˴ǰ῵һϵ
ѰȻڹԶԶҲֻ
պǸõľϡ
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һԭӦ˳£ֻΨȴΨһı
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ϸ˿뵡
ȹΣ̧۾ͿԶԶĹ
̨״žе˵ĵλ磬ϻأģűаƽޱʱʱĹӰڵ֮ϣܽǴĹ巢졣
µƻ𲢲Ǻʢ麲Ųոǰ̤ɫǰΪ·
ǲµҹǰһ㡣
λ·Ҳ֮ǰڸߵǸصĳ档
麼ʱԶ٣л
ػ˾䲻ңĬǰߡ
ڵľɴƼػζţ麵ۿ˵ϵˮݵӳϵԲ¡
ѵСĽ¡
ʱҹЩۣഹ¶ڳŮʵټҲ˸ҳ߿
ɫްֳһɡǿҲֻܿϸĲ¶С򥡣
ܿѾ˶޵ضٲ麵̫ӵµ޵ǴӲ룬ֻ͹˴ˡ
͡
ȴûм̾ߣԥƬ̶麵̫ӵȻܵǵ¶ԹȴǲͬˣҸڵ߶꣬Ҳֻ¶Թһ㡣
Զ˶٣ϱҲҪ˶ЩһֱڵңҲٻչ¶Ǻʹʱ򡣵ǡ´ֻǲһġ
ػҲһ˵ô໰ЩӲ
ûеȴ麻ش˼˵ЩԺ͹ڰȻ뿪
ָԼϵɡɡϵĸдǷ
ԭƬ̧̣Ϻס
޵ŲδϣƻӶд
̧ۿŴͿĵƻУĽ£̬ʵϡ
īֻһؼ򵥵ķϵǴ̴ľֳָ棬˿ƫеǡ̧ۡ
麶ӡ
麴ʱһԳ¾ɵɡε̬ȴȻͬѰһ
մ΢ױ㣬üѰޣͫȴŨīȾ
ռ˻ҹ
ͨ͸ҲܲµյΪζ
̴ָһ٣ɫȴڿ麵˲̧𴽽ǣԳһɽ˵ĕi
üãҲһֱֻ֪ǴʱԶԶϸ꿴ʱ򣬻Ϊ֮ʧĳ
ǡ統Ͷʮ괺ִɡͥǰ滨վǰʱ
麴ʱվڶ޵ǰεϸȴֱͦůƵĹ·аɫ
ɡ£˲ܵվڸǰ
ϵ̴ζ˲й١
룬պִý⣬Ҳظǣ
֪ڶģǴʱ˹עһҲʲôİ취
統ĸһصޡ
麿Ÿ⣬ʵ֮ǰ˵ԷŹңڡ
ͫմϸʱƬ̽ӵ𣿡
л˵
һvԤ14ҹ﷢£лл֧~
ģϻء
һ¡Ҵݺİϲıղһ
ƽδǰıϾӣƽȻĿ졣
ֶףϾ˲Ե
ֱһͨаŭδ
ڹУʥϿı永ʱϾǷޡ
Իްɫжīɫƽۣڰѳֳ
ɡڽͣƬ̡
Ȼ˹غЦһ
ɡбֻλĹһ俰۵Ľ
С׼λˣ
ָĦеɡ͡
ʥϣָض˶٣ҡ
ֻ̧ۣλȨɫȴʤȯա


22 
ڶ޵֮м, ȴ˳á
˷ٴҹվڵǰȴŹ
ⲻÿɷ, ΢ÿһ, ΢̧, ȥ˼
麼ȻѾվȻĴ꣬εζʪ䣬ȴǲ, оߣ̤˶С
ǰﲢʲô仯
©ּҹ, ͭ¯ɢİ̡
ոն̤е˲ϣĻް⣬˲, ֻٿȻ졣
ϵʱ, ۽޺ϸ΢زһ¡
Ͼ, ʵˣ
߽, ڷڣü
ָԽһ, صڼȻѾվڵУȻѾ˼׵ûĵ
ЦЦ, ٿȻ㵨ʶ, ҹ, ΪˡСɣ
麲֪Լռ˻, ɫƽػصΪˣΪԼӦ֪ҲйǣϾڼǺ¡
⽫ֳ·һԣָľߵ˼¡
̬ɢЦЦԻõ˼ǣ˷ҹǺ£
ոڵⲻԣްĵƹҫϵĺԣһ۾Ͷϰ
ٿȻصڼʱֹˡִý⣬պҲ˸Ȼǣ
֮ĹϵΪʱֹ
¹һ£ٿؿ麴֮óһССҩ裬üͷͽС
֮ǰȥס麵󣬳ʵʲô
ΪٿȻǰ麵ļ޵ڵһСӵҩ
麶˶ֽ͵δպ鷳һѪ£ԻǵŻֵñȽϺʡ֮ǰǴΡҲˣֲصġ
󣬻á
赭дضǿҩһ£¡
΢ȴɫߵһԵС£ǰķ̡
һźָתת̧ۿ麵𣿡
ῴǰǶĵĸ֣麴СĿȾ֮ȻҲѷɫΪۣСʱѾԺῲֲ١
ڹ֮УҲʱһڵжģּҲġ
ֻеû뵽ǣȻڴʱҪġ
վԭƬ̣ϲαŴæǰȥ
⽫ӵݸ
麽ӹʱָģϸܵĴ˲ܡ
𷢳ϸ΢ȼ졣
麽µеĲɣʵû׸⵽ģЩ
֮ʱ˲ӣ󱻱Ƶ޿ˣӼʣ޼Ӵռߵأɱϡ
һĿȻӮ
̧۽ޣ弼߳Ҽˣ硣
𣿡ֽոӮİа棬ӵʱ򣬻÷ѡΧȴһֱĲɣʹʧʲô
ӣеİӹ
ʱóڲΪӪռߵأʱ̶˵롣
麷ȻĲɣǶ֮ʱľȴģſЩڵľ
ʱ˹Ϊʤգκ鶼ָ֮䡣
Բơ
ֱߵİӷһԣ̧ۿ򸵻ʵ֪ҽǰΪ𣿡
ް־ɪ
Ȼ֪
ԳһЦеӨӣһʱδ
Ƭ̼ž
ٴ̧֮ʱȴ麴ʱվȻ󿿽Щ
ֳ֮ϡ
ٿظȫȻϵأ
ĸ֪䣬ֻʣ޵㡣
˲ͰԶȥ糱ˮȴ仨һһš
裬Ȼ֮ǰףЩҲѾģеģҲֻǵЩϸ΢ĸܺٿƬΡ
Դ˿ȫƾԼıܡ
û뵽麻ͻȻոջеİͻȻ͵˵ϣڵϷ죬òͣ¡
ϹůɵӣǶҲ˿֣Ͼме
ʱڵأʽ
麴ʱһСǣֳڷŵϡ
ʵʲôɣ裬۽޺ǺөҲʱ޹ġ
֦ͷʢ滨ǧȻĶϡ
ŲƵĺڽİȫɢһء
ľ֮УȴʱԼһһ¡
ֱѹŸľ󣬷նһĳֻ֮ͬǣڵȫȻѵġ
֪Լǵ˭
¹һ£֮ͫаɫӿ
ִ࣬δһ˿һء
δƬ̵Ķ顣
е벻ڵ״̬ӦӦлһµյĳֿݶˣ̽
İĳӿ磬ÿһ硣
֮ߵĲݵػѿɿݵɳĮ±ޡ
ڵ˳ϣǹЮ˵¶ȣ硣
⻹ǲʲôӦ־ǵĮġ
նüٿȻ麵Ժ֮Уʱ˿ΪγԱȡ
۽޲һ¡
룬λֵֻĹ֮ǰһҹ治ֻת˲ĻưˣԼʲô뷨ȻҲڶʱֻԼġ
㵱йʲôִҲʱвڡ
Ͼõ˾ûʲôˡ
ͬԵ۵ǿȢĸ׽ҲȫȻԺһ㡣
Ҷһ޵ı顣
ʱ飬Ŷ˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
λʲô챦ṇ̀Ըȥеǰ
˵ֻһķԸˡ
㣬˳ķչˡ
һŽջԼ˵Ļ
ǿԵĻǰȥ߹ؼϣԼõѡˡ
ôţոѹŸ⾱΢ɿ
۾ʱȴöϸ̧ĵͫʡ
Ѱʱʵһ㶼ʲôϲŭǴʱзӿŵģȴ˽ԿԿóɫ
ѹڵĮ֮ͫУǵĕi
Ȼҡ
ʶ˲䣬־ٿȻľ
ת֮ʣ麵ļѹ˸ոյ֮ϣȫɨһأ죬ɫɫ֯ΪŵĶζƬ̡
Ӹµؿ麣ָķβһֵֻԺ
ķָƶһһüͣĴϡ
ʱĶ΢١
ʵոʲôϤһжֻƾŴǰǵ΢ľ顣
Ҳֻģġ
ԸٶȼףͿҲǣ֡
ܵ飬ȴΪ롣
Ǹ֪ˣҲȻÿһÿһ̶ǣ˼
á
ѣǸ롣
ֻǻôһ͸ȥԳأ缲ꡣ
ǵú
ͻ꣬ûһ˿ԤףȻʪ
Զǰ·ĵϸܵĴдײָԺһֻǳһԵС
Сϵָǽڷʱ硣
麼ŵ̱ĵطȴֺ˵ȡ
ҩһ¶ȣֻԺȫȻģĸ֪˼ģ֪Լʲô
֪ԭֻӦһף˵뻢ıƤǴʱʸȻ̲סһˮ
еȼСһ¸⡣
֡
һֻֻֿҵ֣ٹͷɿѹϡ
Գ룬ѹúܵͣйʲô
̧۾֡
Ц֮ǰڶգãйʲô
ʱɤԶѰǰմȾҲ컵ζԴͫһ˲˲ؿ
ʲô
麻崦˵¶ȣΨʱƬ̵Ļ⣬ȴȻǺϾ
ʶ磬䡣
֮УҲ޶˸ֱ䡣
ֻʱʶһʱ֡
麱ȥָϸ΢
ȴָ򥣬ǿԼ赭дţ
ںϾ麵˫ֱϣǻһ£⡣ܹ֡
Ц£ôˣ
ʱôţֻ˱ϾȻܲı仯
ֻȴֲ¶ֺǴݲȡ
һҲżģ
ȴԶ֪ڰļԵüΪԡ
۽ȶڴһ㣬ͷ
һʱûзӦסɿ
½ѹ
ŸݣϵļȴΪǷ˳
ԭɿ½˲ͱ¶ļķʱ΢ԵЩɢңü֮ɫ
ǱȸոҪΪһЩӲʱǽȻͬĴС
⽫ȦڻУ޳ָһûһµߵļ
ָѹŸľ
֮ʣͱΪϣϡ
ʱ˵¶ȸΪԣȴֳٳٶûټ˼
̧ۣеûڸ˼
ָŸոնһ£Ϳ󣬲᲻ص¡
ٶе˼
˼Ƭ̣ʵ𣿡
Ц£Ե۾ɤӱѹĺܵͣôںż
̧ӡ
ոյ̴鱻·һԣʱؽֳ֣һ̴顣
ֻǿϧգҪûʧˡ
ԲµĹ͸˽˷н
ͫʱյ÷еҲһ̬࣬ȴѰһݲȡ
ʳȣҲ̰ɫ-
л˵
ܼ
ã
Щ˿Ҳϲˣ
~


23 
麲ŵ̧ۡ
н, ҲЩ˵
վڶǰʱͿԸ֪ԼнѾز, ˵˷
, , ġ
麴ʱϣίʵ˵ԣ˭֪ʱľ
һһ䧶ϣʱҲ̸Ϻܡ
ȴʱֹס, ո̴鶼´ϡ
ǡǰǰ¹磬Ĺģ
ٿشվ, ò˸ոյӡ
ոջִӵ鶯ǡʱɢһصһ㣬ŷŵ⶯
ûпָֻһ, ǼȻ, ҲŻˡʱ, ЩЪϢɡ
Ҳվ, ԱƽЩ䡣
̴ָ, ʵŶ֮ʱͻȻ
ָض£Եͣ˵˵, ùôЩЪϢ
粻ãôߡ
ҧԼ´ȥ
Ƭ, Ȼ̧۾, ּȻн, ʼʲô壿
˵ǻ΢۸ú˵ģȴװ֪ҵȴûǰ֪ҪܲЩЪϢǲʲôϵ
дˮ˵ĻʵҲΪԼʪ۾ԵеƲ㡣
һֻëɵūſצǰвƵؿԼǰˣƮƮڸһ¡
˼ˣٿȻЦһ
赭д´ʵԣˣ
ָ麵󣬡Ϊ·ûмɣ
ʵ̸ǿסֻɿѹסָ¶
˼
⣡
Ƶľ̲ס䣬ڶݵĿ֮ʱȴסָ߬
˹Ǿ½հˡ
Լգ»
΢ƽһԼʵ˵Σнɣɫ-ΣҲˡ
ܲõؿ
֪Ǽȴ̲ס»һ£ĽǶȿܿҵѣɢķ΢ǻ
ûٿȥֻǽָֽ麵ָ䣬ʮָۡ
ľ࣬ĻҲǲܰ㡣
˵ڵĻĵطȴָֹֽ䣬δκĵط
΢һһ£ȴ˿ûѿ
ʲôô
е˼ƵߣֶЩ컡
֮ǰԼʲôľ޷ǾٶȻһΰˣԴ֮ǿల¾ãԼպȥκιϵ
û뵽ûдɣȴֻǵľ
˲ã
ܵĲӦǻԼ𣿡ƹˤڴ˾һʱҲ˼ˡ
ٿһüŭĹµ壿
ȴûɱģֻǴݵع۲ʱʧ롣
麳ĬƬ̧̺ۻصȻġϾ֮仹ŵδӦʣοպҼˣ𢰲̻念
ˡ
ʮָۣƬ֮ǰԵľ
ʱҪˡ
߸ϣȻǴǰԵ۰дѹڱ߹رһҲûоȻʱ
֣תһԵľһСɾµĽɫҡ֪ʲô𣿡
ɫĲҡڸָ䣬һ㶣ͻȻ֮ǰԼڶʱΡ
̫˼ӣϯϵҲԼģֻЩ뿪ʲôʱֻҡ֪
е׸ʱΪʲôʼӹʱ򣬸ٿȻ̧һԼ֡
ûзӦֹǰ
üΪҡ̧Ȼõġ
麷һֱûע⵽Ϊ֮ǰֻҡնļȥŻȻڸϴĽ£ڶġ
ΪԼҲմȾԼζϵ̴ζ֯һ𣬴컵ζ
ڶۼȥϴҩΪϵﶼûа취ٴˣԴ
û뵽գľȻ¡
ɿ岢ǡúʣеɫӳϵļ¶ļ˳ٿ÷ֺ
麵ߴҴԹϵŴʱĲҡȻ֪֮ǰڶΡ
ⴽ΢̧üǵþͺáֻ˵ҲЩɣ֮ǰǰְʱ򣬹ڰֻҡ
ס̧ۿ
ϣ̬ɢڣڲκμǹ¶֪ģ´ǰڱ߹صʱʶλ߹صСʱĽҲ֪´ϲ˽˵
ؽȥʱڰΣ᲻εˣֻ᲻룬˭ڶΣܱϣ
֮ǰǵĻʼһֱӡ
ϸĦϲãΪ˲ٹڱ߹ػսµ飬кܶǻɬѶı顣
ԭӦһ˳졣
˵ѵһˣȻĿʲӣȻҲһֱ֪Լò
ͼЩᣬģڸ֪ǲ֮ʺΪ˼ǣ׮²Ѵٳɡ
УֻҪһ仰˲߽⡣
ֻҡʱܳΪǱ
һʵǻҪôԸ⻹ң
ѡԺڹǰʲôĻ²
⽫ҡУʣµģҪպı֡
麶Ƭ̣˵ͷá
븵Щۣ˼ֵǼȻˣҽҲûʲôڶıҪѾʱҲӦصˡ
Ÿո߬
ȵȡ
΢̧ʾϣ
麲Եضԭء
ûж˼üʵûҪֻҡ˼ˣ
ߵϣĴоĸ֪С
⹪ȥָס麵ĽףڿϴڶײǴˡ
棬ϣֻܿʹۣƶԼʱǰ㲽ƣίʵ˵ɫ
麼ۣȻѾȥЩʱգΪǴײأԻܿһԵĺۼ
ָ麵׹ǣó֮ǰҩУΪҩ
û뵽ֻΪ£΢˶ȴС
һֱҩû˼
ѵ֣
ûֻ̧ۣǿסĽףִ̧һԵϣõԼ˽ӡ
ٿȻеõԤС
ССʯУĵָ
պһԱߵӡ࣬麵ȹ
Ȼʶסϵȹ帵ͼ
麿ʵֽղǽɫ-Ҫƽ𣿡
⽫ȹ䣬ӡ࣬ЦЦǸ¶ѡòضǡ
˽ӡԵԱǲӣѳֳеСС˽ӡֻڼΪشУΪ̫ӵʱȴĵط
ʵǻơ
ȴС
˲ãǡ統ʱڶʱĳ
Ĵڴڲһ룬ָδһ˿һļȴָ֪¶ȡ
õӡƵĹƷϴˮܣҲɫ
صĵطӡ䡣
ܸ߳Ǻֻ̧ۣĵӲԼָ
ոմҩ࣬ȴһֱûãĽײ˺ֺ
ֻΪϿ˽ӡ
Ȼ֮仹û˽ᣬþͻǹµˣЩɢϹµ˽ӡӦҲ㲻ù֡
Ȼˣǵλá
һָŸոյӡǣϵӡҲȻ
˿ûб䵭
ǡ
ݣֻ˵֣֪Ӧȥ
⽫ŲõĽϣҪʳĻ
Ϊʲôƫƫ
ָһ·˳ϵոӡ¸ǹĵطһ·սδ麵ĸ֪
һ·Ļ
ָòǲйǣôѵԶ׼ĵط
Զ£ʵµǲûʲôν
ҪȥøոձһԵӡ£麸Ͻ߬ס󣬡á
麴ոȥȹ䡣
۽ӦûʲôҪˣڿ뿪𣿡
ֻԼ⻺ػһº䣬㡣
麸ոһֱĲԻ⡣
Ǿŵ״ʱҲ˵̬ׯЩɢķκβףɿס֣Ŵ
󣬻ʱҹص
Լ˵仰ԺٿȻĬζûٳ
ҲǲЩס
Ҳʱ
ڵǰת¿˿ʱľʵֵ׼
ͣƬ̣ң
л˵
ϲţ񹷡
ãʵȷʵǺܼš
~


24 
麵ֻܲһζ, δ
ִһּȻв㣬Ҳ, лֺ⡣
תҪƿʱ, վԭصĸִһù, ùһᱡȫ
̧ǰߵߣֱӴὫ麱ڻС
û뵽ʱͻȻо̴ٵһٴηӦʱ, Ѿ˶Ļ
ϵҲմȾ̴ζָ麷Щҵͷ, Ỻ̸ʲô㡣÷˵С£Ȼ㲻ʲô
޵ⶼ, , ʱһһµ
Щ϶, ֱַֺ
, ˸ĵطУûٳ
ʱ紺, һ꣬ŵ
麱ţܿ, ϵԲӳգԳʯһɫ
ЩȻе̲ס, ʵ֡
˶, ֽŵΪʲôң
⻰ʵеûͷû, ԵۣͿڻУͫʱϵɫյú
ȴ˲֪ʱʵĻʲô˼
ͷ£²¡
룬Ϊ֮ǰ𣿡
ǡ
Ϊ֮ǰй𣿡
Ҳǡ
ʵһֱеס
ĵ˵պҪʲôҹŮһ֮飬ֺαǿҡ
룬ʵ룬ԭίҲҪʱ̫෴šϾ
֪Щֹסûٽ˵ȥ
һʱˣȵֹ
ƶ˼һ㶼⡣
ҲǣУպҪ˵ģȻ֪֮ԨԴ֪˼˵洦
һóڼʱֹ
ոջֹڡϾ
δ֮ԣϾ⣬õϣֻûģȻҲԼʮָ۵ʱżˡ
ԭ̧Ĵϵ¡
Ĭرڹ֮ϴУͻȻĳͣס
ʱһĵͥǰĿݲڷɳɳ졣
ţ·©һģ⣬ȴֲ֪ǴӺζ
Եؿǰˡ
⽫ϵµ£ڹ֮ϣֳһԡ
֧ȣζʮ̬ûǲԡ
ָ麵򥣬ްؿƬ̣ǰ˭
ٿ
麶̴ٵľڿС
Զڶڣʱ߷ԣ²κʵʵ㡣
ڹǽ֮ϣ˶ɾĻĵϡ
ҪѣΪǻѾõĹδ˴µƬٿһȥ֮ڼžҹУԵø
Զеһ٣˼ûУҴŸĺ󾱵µϡ
ȴ˿̷ʱ˳ƶ룬ڣûзһ
˳ǣָĴϡ
ﲻʮɣǲ뱻ֵĻǵ
ǰȥʱܿ˽ȴû뵽Ȼʱϣӿܸ߳о֮ǰӡӡµĵطȣĵط
ԶĽ̸š
ͷ쳣
ţٺúƣεطƫƧ˵ʲô˵ӴǰУҼǵǰЩʱɾͶһֻڻûҵ
𻰵ȣ֮ǰǸعŵĽͷ죬֮¼Aǰ˵
Сʿ겻ʲôĵҲǰˣôֻèȸĶңЩСǾʹڵûӰˡǲǵϴǸ֪λ˵ĺèɸҵãǽ֮ж˸顣ƫҹ۾ţؿˣȻҲ
ʱҹʱֻˡ
ʿ˽żɧҲǳ£СʿһԱҲ˸͵ģӰ˵˺һͨ
һЩ£ֻΪҹ˾˵Ҳûʲôɻ
ٿиСʿڵͷ㻹ǲǵǰЩʱɻͻĹ£롭ǲʮһţ
ǵãôˡ
Сʿ΢ߴߴ۵شŵҫԱߵ˵Ⱥ˿ɶûڹŴѽƽʱſһ㶼û˼ÿζվᱳʹģҾվڱ߽ǣþͿλ´λ˵һͷ˵ע£Ц£
˵⻰ԱߵĽʿҲЩ˷Сŵ˵˵˵˵жɣ
Сʿ⣬Ȼ൱ɣЩѰҲڹźģӹҲ٣λʮһȴǳ˼ֻ֮ϧ
ҹҲֻлС˲ϡȻֻԶԶһۣȴʵǰúܡ
ԶĻ;ЩͲ΢ĴʹʹǴ
ֻۣͽһҧһǡ
أֻǳݶĥ¡
ۣ⣬ϸϸܵشӱҧĵط졣
ҧס´Լֻܴŭؿʼٸߡ
˹򥣬Цӣü
ߵķϡϡ裬˷̧ۣͫе֮ǰҪŨһЩ˶ܲܡ
ߵľ綼ҪѰҪһЩ
ֻɫɲԡ
ϣСʿҲʱͻȻʹһͷͻȻʲô
˵Ҳ˵ˣҲˣϽҵطȥǽճʲôĲҵһͱ֣
𰡱𰡣ͷҲǶ˵˼䣡ͷ
ԶȥԭٵŻ£̧ۿԼǰˣָùϡ
ʱֻ˼±麵£ϵľ綼ڸ
麴Ӹոյʱͳ˶˵ĵʱûпڣֻԭؾ
üͷųһţƺô
ﱻ˷֣ǲ֪ôĻҴشߵɡ
⿴ǻĪҪϴض
ỺزƤ÷ůָ棬ˮ妣ѩֵǧȻڹҲǼΪټºǰϧ
صʱҲû˵ϡ
ԭΪΪѵãشߵģȴû뵽ﷴһ
⿴ûͻǺΪѣ
ȻˣǱ㶪ˡֻƤѰӦҲûм˼ض£Ǳ˿˻Ҳ뵽µϡ
ĵгֹµ£ȷʵǼ˺¡
麻һӹе£áϴԺԻ͵
ͻáʮЦºͣˣ¼ֵǧ¶зǷ壬Ҫˣ͡
˵ȥûڿ
˵ЩҲûﵢ˼麱ڻڹ֮ϴܿ͵˴ߵ
ԴߵϤûпϣֱӾҵ޼Ĵ롣
麷£δֻǿСϵĲߣ̧ȥһ衣
ߵĲʵ㲻ʲôò裬ɬ⣬һֵһͷȾ
ԭԼıյ뵽ڶݼϵ飬뻹ûг
ǰԶ󷴶ǻ
ŵһ㡣
Ժûо˼תۿ˿վ޼麣תӴ뿪
ԭؾƬ̲ǰȥϴ飬ָԻһЩȵ¶ȡ
ۿ˿ոԼµĺۼʵҧĲأֻǺԡ
Լ¹ӡǡ
뵽˶ڸۣν£˷
ڴʱŶͫʣصһ
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صʱԭǰЩǰһЩµģһֱ޼䣬ȻǲҴţڿ麲ˣŸǰ
زŸոտ
ֻ˵һ֣ٿȻڲǺ̸µģ
ûֻʲô˵
Ӧǣתڰ
ͷ缫Ϊȥ޵ʱֽԼŵһԣȻδٲֱӾ̤뾻ҡ
ҵˮǷǳϸꡣ
¹һ㱡
ԭ̴麷ĵζںϡ
֮󣬸Ŵ޼Դۣϴ󣬺ϸӲԼָ
΢һ磬滨ٿȻƮ䡣
л˵
÷ůָ棬ˮ妣ѩ
Ͽܻһovo
ãټ˰ԺҲҪԶ~
㲻ȥĽڣ
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25 
ҹ, ׼΢ϴһ¾ЪϢ
һֱʪӲùʱָԼȲǸӡǡ
Ǹ˽ӡ䡣
۽, , 롣
һҹΡ
֦ڶ޼׼ŵʱ, һֱû޼䴫
̽޵ߵߵţӦһ¡
ǳߣʱδͻʱ쳽ʱĩȴδ, ʵټ
֦˼һգҲֻ˯, δʲô쳣ɻ󣬵Ҳδ˵ʲô
ڵԵƬ, Ϳһ׵޼߳, Ȼᱡ, Ǵʱ, ͷʱЩȣȻ
֦ʵ½մ𣿲ᱡЩ, ɫźܺãúֻ»ȡ
ĺۼһֱ綼ûԶƬ̻ص, ˷磬΢ЩǶഩЩΪá
֦˵ͷ, Ҳ, 紺ܷ纮
޼Ѿϴ, ЩСʳ£׼յˮʱٿȻùģָȥ
֦Ķǰɰյĳ²ˣǸЩµİɡ
ոսͲ˱࣬պ裿
ֵ֦ѹֵ̰ܺΪá
麶Ƭ̣á
ǡʱ򣬺ǰ߽ϴϲɫ£ˡ
֦⻰Ҳ˲ЦһԼͷϵ䣬ⲻǱƽڵĵط𣿵µ̫ۣűǸ֪Т㩵ˣ˵Щʹ͹ģ
󷽣ǰʺʹ͵Ķв͸˺֦֦뵽ˣ۾
麶Լλϵĸʲʲô̫ӡҪ˵ĻҲֻʣӶ
ǿȢĸ׽˹ǣηϣǿȵؽͽ˹Уֻ˵ûڸһڸ
ǼӶҲ֪ԵҲȻϵĸʡ
ĸ׵ڵʱ򣬾һֱȰеʱܳڹȥȻҲȲںԼҪǰġ
ĸһֱúͨ͸
ɻǱⲻһյĽ֣ȥ֮ǰΨһԸÿԵˣù龫ǵӡ
һ˴ӵ߽֮ǰǸǰǵ˵
ŷɫЦЦǰ麡
ֽĿеʣɫʵߵƫƧͷǰ֪Ϊ£
ⲻڣһŮȻµģϸȻѾϻϣǱϾΪŮ¸̫һʣԸۼǰУٵǰȥʥ
΢̧̧򥣬ߵСڼཫеľ̳ϡ
ƤЦⲻЦլʺТ˳̫̫ԵЩǱµʹ͡
֦æǰҴӹĶָڲ
ԵۼȻ˵ʹˣȻҲʲôòֵģһϻŹ鱦ʯͷӳ£ŶĿɫ
麹лʹ͡
񣬹˸Ķ£߰ɡ
麵һͷ빫ԵƬ̣һԼױ
ʱ˿ױ㶼޵ģҲûйΪѣֻ㣬ۼš
˵վվڵվš
Ϊױʱ򣬿ЩĲɵģСʵ´ʱ𣿡
ڹһֱʽ򣬴˷ʥգպǰͦˡ
벻ףΪʲôЩĵģ
ʥϻʹôණžҪԵŮѽ
΢ЦЦ۽˼⡣
³ͼı
麴Ե۴˷ͻȻԼԲ˳Ů⹬ʽĹЩϺôԵ۵ѪһκιϵˣôͻȻˡ
֮ǰǵи̬ȣ֮ͥ£Ե۵ӡ
֮Ѿãһ㶼һѰĸӡ
ΪԼǸӣԵ޷ԸⷢڶԼѣ
ò׼Ե۵뷨˼ãŶԺҽҪ˵Ҫ˭ҲҪ˵ֻҪ˵ͺã֦Ҳ˵
Щԣģʱ򣬻Ե˵ͷ
£˵
ǰȥȵߺҪǰ¸̫ӵ¡
󾪺һ漴סԼ죬ÿʵ̫ӵ£
Ȼ֮ɫ
ʵҲ㾪Ͼ˵У󵽸߲ʵĴڣΪǰʹһֱãΪ˾
ôֻ࣬˵ͷ
ȻֱߵĶԺѵ㱻£ǵһصˣ֪ǴߵľͿɣȥ̫ӵµġ
æص˵ͷ
߬һԼ֡
δ֪Եۣ˵ǸΪϤһЩ
ϲʲô鶼գ֮Ľ׽֮ǰӦᱣ

ǰ·
麴йǽűߵȹںĻζ
а˼Եټͼ
ʵǰԵȻǼʵҲʱʱ򣬸ŷ쿴ɫ½ǡ
Եÿǰĸ׵Ĺʱĸ׶ã˵ƫ֮С
꽥ߵλλĵʱˡ
ԽΧĹھԽ֣ԶƫƧߴǰ塣
ʱʱнĹǻӾЩҲؿ˿麣ܿʹ֪ݣЦһȥ
麸ոߵǰʱ򣬾ͿһᱡĹӵ̬߳񻣬֮䶼Ƿ֡
һǰ´һ麣ЦЦضĻɫŲʹӺδģ
빫ڶ࣬ʶҲѰ
һԼ죬⻰ɲʲôɫλʮһ£
Ŷԭˣһ˭̬ȵؾߣԭʮһ¡
ԳԵЦ£ɲӦǹĵط
һʱɫ£Цŵ̫빫֮ǰ顣˵ҪעЩ˵Ҳǰˣ±ϾСͻСĪҪŵˡ
üҵЦ£Ҳûж˵ʲôתˡ
йɷǳŨصζʶüԶ¡
ԾǴģǰȥ
Ե۶ڵУ۾ŲԶˡ
麳˺
ԵϸƬ̣óۡ
е˲֪Щ˵ʵҲǲģ֮ڻǵ˵ģΪǹΪĳޡ
ϾһƳ嵭żӶ֮ġ
ʶ࣬ʵҲδйನۡ
麴ʱòˡ
Ե·ЩͣʱЦʱ򻹻΢ζͰض麵ĸ󵱳ʮһһʵģȷʵǸ֪˵ĺúӣһֱæ񣬵һʱ㣬Ӧְɣ
վԭضׯ񣺡¹ӵ֮λΪ⣬麲һŮȻñ¹
Ե۾ЦЦȷʵ¡ҲЩδˣǰ˵
*

˸ԼȥŷøĻѣƭ֦֦ŷʹ鱦δ⣬ֻЦ䵱̰졣
ʵ֪·ôߣҲûʲôˣֻƾֱߣյأſΡĹǽУȻһ
ԶԶȥȻ
һСˣʵǶ
СȻҲû˾Ȼʶɵ򥣬Ȼǣ֮УﻹĵطȻ̫ӵµĹ
˵ɻؿ˿󣬡һûмʶСѾߣѲҪ̫ӵ£¿ɲܼģûҪ£͸Ͻ뿪ɡ
ĿİͰ͵ҡҡͷֵ˵ͷǣУҪµġ
С˼ڰģ֪Ѿ߿϶Ǹĸ֪ӣ㳡涼ûĵ̫ӵȻƢԺãҲ˭ԼġӦ鷿ȥģĪҪˡ
麷صı飬ԽԽżǣʶ𣿡
С˵Ȥûͦȫߵĳ涼֪ϧˣҲ
С˻û˵꣬Ϳһ£ɫȻ˾ͻȻǰһ춼û
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ص˵ͷ֪ҽȥ
һԵС˿۾ɵûԲͿô˵׵ѾߣȻô˶鷿
Щƽڶˣ̤һ
ȴû뵽ƾճֵСѾ߾Ȼôȥˡ
ϡ档
ĪҪ˵ǸС˾ϡ棬ԼеڴС̽ʵ磬֪ҵĵ˭𣿡
ǳ鶯£ص֪
Ȼ֪ϾȻϴδȥߵʵѾԴߵڵ״ˡ
ȻЩߣϢ˵Ļ̫ӵǱ㽻ˡ
ƶǶص˵ͷ¼ӿ죬ã̲סʵ̫ӵǼҵĵº𣿡
ô꣬Ҳ֪̫ӵйʲô˽Ǵʱľȴֺ֮ӡ
е벻ס
ؽ¶ס𣺡֪
˵ͷǹɵûʡ
ͷոնʱ򸵻һ㶼鷿֮ϰ鷨ϲ˴š
Ϊĳ棬һִ֪磬Ҫ鲻ʱ
鷿űƿٿȻ̧ۡ
˱ʣͿؽս鷿˸Ѿߡ
ѾߵӺСֱֶڶͷҲţò
ȴһ۾ϳѾԴߵ
ûҪ²ѾǰʱѾ߳ֱشǰǳ顣
ָϵ̴飬ɫĮʵʲô£
л˵
󣺺
ã찡
⻹죿
˺ĥǰʶҵ˵ôxp
Ϊ17ϼӣһ17ʮһʮעϢ~
ovo


26 
ǰûмλ̫ӵ, ʱˣȻֻǴҴҿһ۾ʱͷȴǾˡ
ȱ̴, ȴҲִȱ, ˲ֱӵĸ߸ϡ
ΪԹ, մȨ
ǰˣָںϸ΢ز
ʻԺ뵽ǸʱƶŹ̧ͷ, ūǴߵ֮еĹŮǼҵ±ߵڼ໽, ǰū澣һҪ֪̫ӵ¡
̫ӵ⣬ּæڽ͵Ǽҵ±Ȼ̫ӵ, Żǰ, ŵ̫ӵ, ̫ӵ¼¡
Ⲣδ󷽲˵Ļ, ֻǿվһԵĴأʵȥ
صص˵ͷ, ·ҲϢС֮йս˴ߵ²١
, һ۽ޣ֪ΪʲôЦһ
ùһԵ˪, ƽص֮ǰ, ûʲôԡ
ϽԼͷøЩ, ѰʱҲӴʲôˣǴʱ㲻ϴԴҲԼҵĵ£ǾЩ鷳顣
ʵһֱڣ֪ΪʲôԼ̫ӵ£ֻһ򶼺麡ȻǵԼǰһԼĴ㡣
ʱ򣬴æ󣬺֪վԭأҲȥ
ضٲ˿ԼĺƬ̻Ƕڶڰɣظȥ
ԥһص½ǣСʵҼҵ»ƽ𣿡
ؿ˿ǰĸıӰδֻһĽ۾ͳ˵
ֻҪ̫ӵڣôλʮһֺܵ˺
ظŸôãȻ֪ڸԣλζʲô
ֻǰĺġ²¡

ڣָԼġ
ǰǿȢĸ׽ĵӣȻܸ֪Ե۶κνĸŮ֮飬ɴʱȴҪίߵ
վԭزƬ̣Ե۵ɫ΢Щ˿
ᣬǰһվԭص麣Ц¸ոõǰȥ˵һʱüգס˲ɣǰȥ½Щ𻰣
ǰ˽ΪޣκһԿģȻ֪
ƬԺ󻺲ǰͣԵ۰ɵľ롣
ԵϴЦָԼָϵİָ麵Щδ㣬ʮһǺܺޣ㵱ʱŲʮ꣬Ҳ㳤ģ껹ţ뵱ú񡣡
Եۿزй֮޲
֮ˣĸϡ
ԵϵЦ˶٣ĸףʮһǲˣӦΪĸȽ׵
ĬƬ̺صʧԡ
ԵϴżЦ⣬Цȴ˿۵ףʮһѰƫԶ֮дϰˣҲЩˡȻڵ̫ĶϻϣĸȴǹˣĪҪΪá
ǿȢԺֺܿģȴҪǿ˵Ĺݡ
¼һģ뵽ĸ׵ŹȸȻģڹеȻš
һеһУǰ˶𣬶ԼȴȻҪسΪǸʣʵǻơ
ȴȻԣԵ۵á
ԵЦЦǶ£Ҳ̫󵱳⺢һʣԵ֣ҲǸ֪˶ʱĺӡ
۾麣ǳüҲʲôױġٵʱؾĸʣ߳ȥ˻Ϊʼҿ㣬һֻ
Ե۳ǰЩʱǿǲϹһˮͷõӣù
ӦǣⷿʱһµСϻ߽Ե۵ǰ¡
Ե΢һ£򿪣ֻĽ֮һɵӣȻ΢еԶҲԿóһˮͷõɵӡ
Ե۳ֵվôԶʲôǰЩʱǿϹģмҪ޶ûɶ£ĸԵӦЩ㡣
վԭûֻ֮ǰѾǲڼǰߵ͹麲ֻ̫һ֮ԵȻʹ֮ǰҲѾ㹻޹»´ʱ̫ϡ˼
Եָ΢˶٣̧ۿվԭص麡
ȴԶϿŵǰ˳
һʱƬ̺󣬻ɤӵʲôڱ¶ԣʲô̸ϡϵӣҪʲôһ仰飬Ҫ͵¸Ҳظǰлڱǰƴǡ
ѾǺܽľˣǳŵԵϵ㣬ԿݺύĹ֣Щ͡
ţԵ۽ջǰֻΪʹ͡
ǰק麵ЦЦʶʱ񣬾͸֪µĻζʲôϷԣĪҪǵñΪãȻҲ֪ģּʲô³
ֲָڣһ˲˵Ǹˡ
һ۽ޣ̧۾ͿԵЦеضʮһͻôСŻʲôʮһȷʵӦ֪ЩȻβƽϣˣҲʵЩ˵ȥ
ԵǸӣס麵ϵʱ򣬵ͻȻ£̫ӵ
Ȼҵ죬һ𣬷ӡ
ºͻȻҵһ㡣
ǰ֪ĿĵԵۣڸĪΣⳡνĽ׽֮ǰᱣԼ
֪ĪԴʲôֻΪǣǴ֮ǰദ֮Уȷʵоһ㡣
ʱھǰ˼Ƭ̣ǶԺ˵ǰȥǾüԼȥĿģҲᱣ
ǴǰʱЩƬΣһЩ΢ɼϣ
Ե۶ʱɫ任û˵ǰ麣
ҲٿȻһק麵ʶɿɫɵضԵ۵¡ڣ
Եѹͣ޲СôⶼôϹ
ֻϢĹ͸оԼļ亹ð˲Щֻصūȷʵǰ˱µķԸֻǣֻūҲ֪
Ե۴ʱҲЩֻ޲̫ͣӻȥ
ЩԵüͷֻ˶̴ٴǣȴҲûش
Ƭ֮˾£²
ȴȻֹ
ת˲䣬ǰͶ
ָ΢һ£תۿǰ
ӹ·СˣɫĮϲŭ
ĿҴӹʱеˣվУеĽ΢Ǻܵصμʡ
̲Եŭգȴְӵıԣҷֻʵ޷Ų˵˲̫ͣ㲻شѲ췴
ɫ˿δ䣬أҪ£㵢ˡһʱδ˵񣬻ʼ¡
Ҫ£ԵüͷЦ⼸ߵȫʥʲôҪͼ̫ӵǰ
ЦЦ̧ǡ麶ӡ
תֻʵʷ˵Щʲô
Ƭ̣󵱼صʥǸʮһ̫֮Ե֣ЩͷδˣǸпֻЩҳ
һ£ָ򥡣
̬ʣ麣Ỻ
áϴЦΪʮһֳ
ʲôҳŹµǰ𡣡
л˵
ʲôʱòܱ۸ޣȻ󸵹ȥ尡ʲôʱдɶTvT
flag
33~


27 
˵ڵĻ赭д, ֻɫЦҲȻ˲ݺӵơ
⴦ϸңң麶, Ȼʱδ˵ʲô, Ŀ֮ʱ, ȴֿԶ׼̻
ֱ̻ĸоԴӵĸȥʵѾܶ궼ûᵽˡ
Ե˵˼κãɫ, ٲȻһ˵ģȴְڴʱĴ㷢, ǵľ綼ɼ
λȷʵͬ˵ǰ㲻ңȻԵλ, ȴǶԸ⻳мɵһ㡣
ȻʱΪ̫, о, ȷʵ˵²ɡ
æԵҲֻЩҳ, ̫ӵæδ뵽վ˵, ¾δʮһЩҲѰȻŵ, ʵǹֵǰЩūûͬ˵ƽ޹ôһ
Цһ£ô˵, λá
һ˲, Ҳδ, ʽռȻҪҳһ£ӦҲ黳ɣ
麸оߺһƬëļѵˮطһ¡
ԵЦһ۾ŸѰҲ̫ӶĻģѲת˲ɣ
ԣȻΪֳӦػãʺαؾ
˵仰ԺٿȻվԵΪͻȻĶֻ¡
Ϊڽ֮ϣЩһ¡
߽麵ߣͥŲȻʵЩͣҲ˿ûܵӰ졣
ббӰЩ麵ϡ
ܵʼȻʱûҳ˼ǲɶ͡
ŵĻûԵͬ˼ϵ̴黬Уʵý꼸Σ
صػ֣ȥ귽е񡣡
ѰڵЩʲô
ԶƬ̣֪ԼѧʶǳѰʱ䶼ڵжϰ֡
ۿͻȻʵ¼Щ⣬ûЪϢ𣿡
ԭ˳ش׵ۣĻ̧ۿ
ʱϾƺֻʳڵһ仰
޵һصů봰ϸ꣬ƼתеƬΣһյĹ
ΪʲôЪϢãԭίˡ
û¶˿ֻصЩˣҲЩ⣬ЩûЪϢãлֹġ
ⴽϹ𣬡ǻûҪעЩΪã˷纮
һʱƬ̣Ե۵ӲԶ
̫ӷʼõ飬ǲǻӦмʡ
⿴˿ԭصԵۡ
Ե۲صʮһȻѾǣӦҲҪѡˡ
麣ʮһڿѡʱĸֳ˵޷
ЦЦؿ˿ԵۣҲδôվԭص麡
麹ԵֻͻСδǵЩлΪ˼ǡ
Ե۾Ÿ⣬̫շãûΪú˼һѡ
ⲢδӦ
ĬĬһºֻԼո麵ֶֻɢȣǷű⿴ʱ
а˼Ÿʱľ̲ס̧ͷһۡ
ֻλ̫ӵȻѰǰɫǳģʲô
Ƭ֮󣬸ƽ޲شȻ˵շãԵΪ
ֳָֻ֣Ǹ֮ǰؼȥЩŮԵ飬ȻҲ踸Ϊ
վһԵ󣬡Ϊʵڼ࣬ӦʱЩʲǣϾǸʥǷ
˶ٽӵҪܵΪӣҪ֡
˵Ϊ˳ӣȴ˿ûǫ֮⡣
ʵ
⿴󣬡֪´Ӧ𣿡
ӦҲǣӦҲǣΪѵؿ˿Ե븵⣬еķɨ㡣
֮ǰҲֻǴӱ˿֪ǰԵز֮ʱȨΪֻԵмɵȴҲû뵽ԵǰҲ˿
㱼ԼôһˣԶ֮ǰ֪ҪΪȨ죬ֹڴݡ
ʵȨɱС
ֻҪⲻԸŹֻҪνʮһôӹ
֮ǰúǰȥҸʱֻһٿԴת֣ȴû뵽УԵ˵üͣҲܾ׾ٵش
Ϊ̻Ҳ½еľ֡
նĥǰ鶯ģྶͥ
鶯ʱԶƵᣬ֮ͫдŨصɫȴֹס¹
ͻȻΪʲôҪǿԼ
ʱй֮Եʱ֮ŮΪ˾̫ӵ£֣ȴֳΪá
ջƣ˳˳ˮʤȯ֮еΨһ
ԼǱԼҲǡ
ԵۿŸ⣬ݺһԼǰϵ⼸˿δֻʵ̫ڽߵ£̫ӾԼûڶͳлڻ쵽У
Цһܵػصʶǡֻǹĸʥ壬ˣδԽ֮ġ
ԵЦ
ⲢδʲôֻԹѾ߶ŸʶʱʼȻǷӦЪϢǣŸʣиˡ
˶٣ֿ˿麣徻áҲһͬȥ
ߣȻ˸˳ͨ߳
һ˽ǲҶ࿴ʲôҴҵͷһԡ
ԶԶؿڸԣתڹǽ֮࣬ûиߵ˼
һֱ߳ǰߵһƫƧ麸ڸߣ˼Ƭ̣ǳյ飬л֡
ۿлʲô
ǰߵʱҾʹֲµ֮ǰǵŹڣǰȥʥδǺ£룬˼ǣҵŮǰȥ˻֣һʲôʣ̻֡
ǰ£ƺ黹þιô
ָɲһ£򸵻Ҿã֮ǰĽ׻δ֮ǰӦᱣҡ
Ц£Ƭôôûġ
ָ̧麵ס⳶˳²Ӧô㣬ȫЩ²ϲġ˵˵üȻл£ʲôл
˶ٽӵֻǿտڵһлǰɣ
û뵽⵱ԼҪлƬʵеĶҲȱ䱦ǲһֵǣӦҲûʲôֵǮĶˣһЩΡ
ЦһˣòҪ򷢹°ɣ
ǻҪʲô
ԭָӨͫʣָ˳Ĵ
մ΢һָ֬϶һ㵭⡣
ĦƬ̡
ͫʣٿЦ
ʵնĵʱôԹµģ
ٿȻ֮뵽յľǰԭΪֻһξͿɵĽףȴû뵽գƫƫнɡ
֪ǽڻǵнɣΨһԿ϶ǡ
Ҳˡ
麸оָԼĴᰴһ£С
Уüõл⣬Ҳ̸ǶϿҡ
ҧһ´ʵܻ𣿡
ԡ
Ӧĺܿ죬麻δѯʣֻ赭дصΡ
ָ麵Ĵвһ£ۿ麣๡
ֻҪл񡣡
л˵
ãҾлһô͵T T
~
̫˴ֺ䣡յȡůҶúøأǸҾõˡ


28 
ʱ, ȻǴ˴˵ƫƧǵ̬麾ºһ㣬صĳ˳ζϡ
ֿ̧ס, Сǻ־͵лⲻϺˡ
ٿȻЦ, üȻл, ڿûջصĵ
Ƭֵ¼ˣպ֡
΢һĿԣϾ, շ
ʱȻĿ̴ζ麵ĸй٣ļͣһ˲, Ȼ۽δԶ֮ʣ˫ֹϸľ, ΢ڽ, ܿһ¡
ѵˮһǡ
һ롣
ûжϸ, ɿԼ, ֻСصڲǷˡ
ʱҲȫȻסոĶֻԼƬ̶Ļþ, ָһ£
Ȼⲻ㡣
̧۽޿˿Լ˵Ļʲô, ˹ֽŲõӦǳֹɣ
˵⻰ʵ̫Ȼûס, 㡪
ôֵġ
ͻȻô, ʲô, ۽ޣʵôϲµ𡣡
ĻָȲ౻ӡļʱɢȵϢ
ʵǹ
麸׼˵ЩʲôָͻȻĴϵסˡ
輱±˿ԼʱĲѰæ¼ȴֱǣ
ãͬҲѰ
֣ȻǴǰǰ嵽߸ϵģʲô
ԶŲվڸߣֻӹսǴ߳һɫȹĹŮʱȹٲȻǳϾǵŹŮе̬Աһֻؾİ
ȻٳţҲ빬ǱϾ֮ǰǳ磬Ҳż˲ˡ
伫ãԼֻһ֮ԵҲһӾϳǰ˭
ϵĵճŮǣԹ󣬼йĸֽǹйǴӶƷ»ȻֻһɢְϾӧңλ磬򣴨ϻҪʤһϾе֮ҡ
ǳ߹֮󣬼иֻһɢְδձȨ
֮ǰ麻δμӹʱ˵ǿԵĻһҪλμҵĵճŮùϵ
ԭֻΪλμС㣬пδ̫
ԵǰЩʱΪзԴҲΪ̫ӣȻҪùϵĶ
ֻλ̫ӵʲôϲŭ˭ǲص׵ҲʵЩýӽ
ǾĹŮײְΪʺϼ붫
ԸǴùϵҲ㡣
ϾպǵܳΪйʺδĻʺùϵô㲻ǻ¡
ǿǰԲ죬ܿ͹̫ӵ¡
һ
ǿ˿վڸߵˣƺЩ죬ЩȷƬʵߵǡ
ǸسЦЦŮ빬ǣЩʶùˡ
λϳŮȷ̬󷽣׾ø
麻񣬵ιﲻԾ̣ǴǰڹʮһĹǰЩʱϻϣѰҲżιﲻʶҲѰ
ɫһȻЦŶ麵Ҽʵǲãԭ֮ǰڹҾ˵ΪʲôЩơ
Զ˶٣һԲϲŭĸ⣬ʵ̫ӵǡ
Ƭ̣صǡôǰƷи߽࣬Ϊƣǡö봺ߵҲһ˳·ͬһΡ
Ȼص˵ͷ̫ӵȷʵѵһĵмӣ㳼Ůڹ⣬Ҳһֱš
һЩ϶麵ĻȻδȴܺĸ֪
Ц
麲֪ӦνǵĻҲֻǵ˵ͷ
ʵҲãԼȻ˸ԵǷ涼ʲôǸպȢޣȻҲ˼ԼԼʲô
ת򸵻⣬ϸ̫ӵ£ŮǰЩʱڹ£ǰȥ𣿡
Զ˶٣ΪֵŮǰȥ񣬻¼¡
ܵˡ漰Ҫ񣬲͸¶
ʵλ̫ӵ¶ԻĻʱеһ£ǳŮʧԣˡ
е̴黬˻ÿɷ
Ƭ̣ǹڵŮսǰȥ̽ĸģһЩμҸؽӶƸĵʦĸ㣬ǲҲ
ԭߵļСѾ߽ǵüĿǵĻæǰԼе̳ϡ
ֻľʵϷֱżɵʳУȻδ򿪣Ϳŵ˿˿Ƶζ
⿴˿ǰˣöδ
е˼˺죬ʵŮ˵ʲô𣿡
ԵһۣŮ
еûףԵص£Ůȷǳϣ»֮Ůǡ
̬ʣϲʳл⡣ɽιǾͷιջȥʱҲǵ¸֪ĸһǮĻЩ߹ȥ
˵ЩԵسǵ˵ͷ»£һˡ
ǶʱԭأոյĻȻ̬ãϴŲŵɫ
޷Ҫλ̫ӵ΢ЩܵĻᲢ࣬λδȢ̫ӵһֱǾйŮˡ
Ͼ߹̸òΪ˿ɼĳ
û뵽ȻμҾǮǰȥ߹ء
߹ս³Խϡ£лأ׻ǻжȱ֮͵ĹԱ˿ۣЩҲš
Ȼҵ׷񣬵Ǳ߹صǸ޵׶ǾˣԼҵľ˭δػԸ⡣
ңԴöʲôõģһÿյǮʲôСĿ
ֻʾ䣬˭뵽赭д˵Ǯⷬ
һ˵ȻǮС£Ǿ٣ô裬ⶼʡ
ƿɱȨϱȻͷһ仰˭뵽ǳô鷳
ϵЦ΢ȥǼΪĳ񣺡ߡ
ո߳麻ɫվԭء
ã΢˴ۣ
麶ԭƬ̣Ǻܿظߡ
ûٿǣ̧뿪
麸ڸһֱǵıӰԶȥλι񱻻ŵˡ
ǾЩǮƶѣʲôŵ
Цתʵǻأ
⻰˵Ȼ赭дϵճŮŵģȻһΪӴĲƲ
Ȼ£Ǳ˶ϣôҪһģ˵ۿ϶Ǽٵġ
ȻЩӺյ˵ʵҲ˲˸жʱ΢Щˡ
Щ麸Ϊĵǣ˵ǲǰ߹أ֪߹ǲ˵Խ
˼ƬԺ̧ۣصֲͼǮơ
תʵǻþãͼʲô
ٲָķƣţ
麲֪ôĻ
Ը̰ͼԼǮƣҲùڽ˲ãȫȻƿ
̧۶ߣĬһűߣص̰ͼɫ-
ֺܿػҲᡣ
Բ֪뵽ʲôЦ¡
Ƭָֺ̣˵㸵ϵ̴飬֣ҪеĻҪúΪãɫ-նӦýϣּȻнҲظЩ飬Ӱľ
ŪһԼϵ̴顣
ǻ˵ôźá
麣ƫƫǣɫǻ衣
л˵
˺ˣе㵣ģ~
Ҳע
ҪԵĻûδѣףҶƽ


29 
ɫǻ衣
˵˿Ϊ, ԼΪɫ㲻ʲôϡ¡
һɫǻ裬ǻΪ
ģ̲סЦ, ָĶͷᵯһ, ǻʲô
ʱ¶ǲα, ֮䲢ʲôνãȷʵֻһѰˡ
Լո뵽ĴǶٿȻһָɼϸ΢һ£ЩӲرߡ
Ե, ЩûЪϢãնлǰΧ, ǻûҪµĻҾȻصˡ
Ȼؿָ¡
ʵǺ, ֻ´һľɫ, ָѹ, ô㳹ҹ𣿡
˵ǳҹ, Ҳ׵
ȻһҹδΣʵ˯Ҳ̤ʵ, ܾƬ֮ǰĵһĵξ
Щʵİ
ǰϾʶжȹģȻйһЩƬΣϸ΢ĸ֪, ʵĻչҲֻģеļˡ
գȴǺѵظܵЩİĴ, ָֽܵԼָĲ๡
֪, Ϊľ, ֻǴӻһԴļ䣬ǰ׵ƽ
ɫȻƽƽȣصֻΪջصʱЩˣҹǳߣԲЩû˯á
ﻰ˼˵ˡ
⵹ҲûֻЦ£ôô顣
ָض˶٣ȷʵǳҹߡ
ӣǳӶ߳һ˰ˣеģֻһ˰ˡ
Ҳǣʮָ۵ʱˣʱˡ
˵ոյĻʱͻȻ뵽ľ
ǰ浱沢κμŮա
ûϸȥֻǵִһֱϾɣҲ⡣
˵ʲôæӵԻִʱӦûʲôҪ˰ɣҾлصˡ
ܲµʱʲôһ˲׼ߵӣ˹ؿڣ˭˵ûҪˡ
ز䣺㻽ǸСѾߴʱڶŶˣĪҪ˽Ǽ멻ϾǼ멶ԹǷ
˵仰Ͳû˵Щʲô˼̧ǰȥ
麸ߣߵȴǿ죬麿Ըϵٶȡ
ûжþ͵˶
ڶȴã麻һʱҲ˲Ϻ£æǰȥ麵ߣСʵ¡û°ɣ
Ȼ֪ǰʲô飬һ麵жϣԿȫȻسǰŵĲŷ¡
˸ǰĶû¡
麵ֻһ£ūڶãڵڻˡ
˿վڲԶĸ⣬ɪƬ̣Ƕл̫ӵ¡
ں麵϶˶٣ؿڣ¡ϾǼҵ¡л񡣡
麣ʵǰɣã
⻰˵Ĳʲô⣬ȴ֪ΪʲôܾĿ֮вʲô⡣
ͣԼŵµʱ
ʵ̸ơ
ڶ֮УԼҲô
ʶɿ֣ת麡
ʶ̧ۣǡÿЦЦɫڵĻش
άȡ
麶󻺻ɫʵڲ֪Ӧʲô
۴ǻǣǽѡ
󿴳Щ˼˵³뽩֣¸Ϊ麳õĲ˵գҲǰĸ⣬Ҳ׳ŵ麻ص̫ӵµĶ䣬ҼҵȻģӦ˵µлȻҲԼϣ²Զŵˡ
Ц
֪νлζʲô
󲻹ѰĶ̫ӵ¹ˣҲʲôֵܹҪ
ϸ̧ͷȻҲûζߡ
ԣվһԵĺȴֻλ̫ӵ²˵ǰ߸ϣȻԼĵ²ãҲȻ㾡ľ

լ
ŻЩĲɵģǰļ磬ʵôĲɣѲǰЩʱƥ˵˵ǻʵǸ᲻ٽ㼸Ҳµġ
ĬĬŪһеĽ룬˺ܾãֹ
ʵ˵һļ˲ͬӦΣ
⻰ʱ͵ɴ۾εؿ˿ʲʲôʲôǣָòǵĹ˰ɣļҵģϲʶúòÿ
ͲɤˣҪǰסͣ뻹סˣֻҧӳݷмֵһλѣļ飬ǰʵġ
Ȼ˵ͷĥһ־òԾ
֣Ѳɲѣţ˵㻹ĸѣ
ʵǲЩٶ˵ʲôǵ֮ǰһѣһȥˣΪ£˺ܾãǰҵģϾҲǴ£ҾΪò⣬ǰġ
Ȼǳú壬ΪŻ˼ǳҪǳȵûǸûмּƽˣתŵĻʵλ̨оΣ׶ĸ伸ΣòΣ
΢еɫôв׶ĸоȣţгҪְٺ»пɣǼڵĵطԶЩ䣬Ҳࡣ
˼£ŷֻδᵽ⣬׷ʵòأϾǵвòģ㲻ƣÿιʱֻҪ̫ӵ³֣ЩŮһʤһĻòͼ̫ӵ³
ϳɵҡҡͷôûʲô˷ҵҲѧ峵ѷɫ̫ӵµأ
ˣȻɫ΢鶯һ£׻û˵ʲô
ֻʱ̲ס뵽˵ڶʱŵֻҡ
ⲻŮɫ㣬Ͼǰһͬλ̫ӵڱ߹ش˸ΪһЩ
һֱڣδ̫Ϣ
˭뵽ȻгһڶпŮӵ
Ȼ֪˭Ȼܱ̫ӵа棬˿ӣҲӦǱ̫ӵ·ϵĹ
Ҳ֪ϾλŮõˡ
ûٶȥֻתòţҲ޶ɡ
üͷ
ͷܿ첹ӵӦģҲǡñˡ
ûֻǺڳ˼ֻô˵ţ̨ӦܺðΪʲô˻᲻Ӧʣ²Ҫй
˵йҲûʲôףҪ˵йҲ˵ͨ
ǸνļﲻӦʵˣ̫ӵ¡
˵ۣ뵽ʱڶĻʱеѡ
ĸϾҵӵܰɡ
ҡҡͷɫҲԳįҲйֻǴҵλѻ㣬űλļ˲ã´ӦתӦúýҵ顣
ƳƲߣü˱λأλ̨ʲô뷨
Ӧųɡ룬Ȼſ϶ǵģλﲢų⡣
ǲӦʵλˣλĵ
ҡҡͷֳλס
뵽ԼĻܽǵʺҲġ
е˼ӦǲԸͬ⡣
ֳԺЩ죬ֳֻλֺ̨αհǰ˺󡣱Ͼ£Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣֳԼòΪ˸ѰģҲλֻ̨ǲ÷ˡ
Ҳ˵ˣλּҺЩԶ˼ֳӦʲŹ֡˵ʵ˸ԶЩҲ޷
ôһ˵Ҳúе
ⲻӦȷʵҲѰϾ߹ǰԶֳãԸԶ޿϶ҲǱȻ
˵ЩȻٳСǻżֻһ뵽ҪպΪ˸ȻֻǼüأһ뵽ҲҪ̸ۼˣЩ㯡ο⻹֣ǵֳӦҲǳ¡
˵⻰Щ顣
ڵһ±Ǽ⣬תʵλλֳӸλ
ҲֳֻڵĻļ磬Ҳ֪λǲǺһôհǰ˺󡣡
˫ֻأٲȻһǳоӣλּҾʲôĶʲô볤⣬ֳϾҲֻƽѣ㲻ʲôЩ׾ˣһ˽ȵˣɾ׷Īˡ
л˵
Сһѡ
ȫѲ˼ģȫˡ
ܶ౦˵ԼҶҪעۣƽҪ
~


30 
ΪŵĻ, ٿȻһ
߶߶ϾҲ˵ˣλ̨ò, ôϵĹôҲӦǲòȫǡһŮټ, ĪҪʧΪá
Ƭ, صáһһһתλˡ
ײײļ磬λ̨ҪȥˣպǿмҵˣԻԺ, λеһ˰ɣ
⻰ǵû취ӡ
˵ѣ˷ȳ, ľ顣
ʱԶ죬ǡΪΧ
СԵ, ߵļλŮϴʹ
ϵĳŮ΢
΢߽, ̸ֻƬ, Цʵ˭Ҫȥˣ
һӾ˸ղŵǲ, ΢߽ЦŴŮ˸档
סԺЦˡŶ, ǻֵһλѣԥҪҪءҪ˵һҪǴ˿ɾ׷Ī, ɷѶϿɲС
΢ϵЦ΢Ƭ̣˿ָ˵Ķͷô, 鿴𣿡
ϳ, 㡪
, ֲǲ֪ҿЩ־ͺǻͷԷ裬ٿȥҪˣֲڣЪһ
һָֻ΢ǰ˻Σһ
΢״ʧЦ׵δڣҲ٣ƽʲô׵ĵطС
ҡҡͷ񡣡
Զ˶٣ǰ˵ͻȻϻЩ飬Ѿ߶ãھͲˡ
ͷתʵֲ˵ýջҪһͬȥôھˣ
հɡԼһԵĽǸЦЦʵڱǸͻȻ˼Ҫ£账
ҲʲôƽϵˣǴȵİ˰֣ҲС
һֲǻֽʧԼҪ˰֮ǰǰѹҲãȨˡ
ԼĽЦ£Ӧ¡
־ڱ߹أ˷ϾҲֻΪ游Т
Ϊ佫ѶϣΪһԥܵǴʧпһͿصĸ
׾¹ٻհǰ˺ʱ
˵ʵһ㶼ûд
Լʮڱ߹صʱնɱ˧˰ƾľǵϣڵηηţʵЩȤ
̫ӵ°ѰϲȾеӵܲ
ܻӦʵġ

麻صߵ·ϣ̲סеʵ̫ӵǺʱʶģôū澴֪
елϸ̫ӵ»紫ǰҲáūûʲôˣżػʱһۡ
ôʶġ
Ҫ˵ʶģʵѾǴǰδ빬ʱ򣬵ʱҲԶԶ̸졣
ҡҡͷֻҲ̸ʶֻǴǰйһЩҲ²ӦԴ˴βǰȥѰ
ӦǣҲûٶʲô
ֻһֺض麵ֻǵ£ȻֻǼ̫ӵһ棬һǾã̫ӵӦǺںõģ˵ʲôԵǱϾһͬڹг󣬶ٻЩڵġ
Խ˵ԽԼԼǣպ³Ϊ˸ܱ̫ӵշҲȻ˳ǵġ
ܶ˶ô˵
Ҳֻ븵֪ʵԯޣྶͥ
麳ЦЦԸɡ
֦֮ǰϻ鱦֣麴ʱصϲʵ»ˣ
˿ֿտյӣϲȻһʧǰȥûʹЩĶ𣿡
վеû˯ã־üŻʱû˵ʲôֻҡҡͷ
֦Сôȥ˱¸ǰûʲôʹͣʵСý
麵˵ۣûӦת޼䡣
֮ǰǼԭԼųһţͰ͵ģ麻Ժϸһ£ƽޣһԡ
멲ˮϴʱ磬麱ҲûдھЪϢӽЩյĵطϴ
Ƥ²մҲֻЩطҪ΢һ¶ѣǺܷѾ
ýʪϴ˼飬ȷϲʲôԺŹҵɹ
վûô˯ãƬ̷ڴǰ鼮֮׼ˡ
ʱʱ磬ɫ͸ǰļ϶бб麵лȻֻصͶʮһĶա
ʵٻ뵽ǰʱ
˵ΪʲôֻǾЩѾƽ޲ĽܣһǰǲĻί
ֻίҲ˻ˡ
ػرЩͽŰˡ
ʱʵܽݣΪ˳˳ˮִ֪ζ
ѩߵļСѾϷ۾ĬһԺ󣬸ոӣײһˣкܺŵϢ
ΪԼһͬϷŮ̧סǸ˵½ǡ
ʱЩСѾΪʲôԶЩֻվʵ̫Щ
۾ҲȻܿóԭЦһȥ
ǰ˿˭ʵܿ
Ӧ
̽ʵꣿ
һСѾߵֶ˵һ飬ǰ˶޶Եģ
ûӦеûסֽ̧ԼϵĲ⿪
ȻʶգգۣͿվԼǰˣذ׵Ľ糺Ϊ˾̾ò֮ǰռ̫ӵ¡
߸ӣʱ׸
⵭ĮĿ⿴˿קԼ۽ǡ
麶ʱͳ֣ɰͰ͵ҪǸе˼شۣ̫֡ӵ¡ҷŲġ
пԼŪҵʱһϲƯĶǰƯ̫ӵҲ⡣
գһԼոյĽԼС֮óֽǣݸ
̫ӵ£㡣
˫ֺʮոյ£ܲܲҪҵĵңһᰤѵġ
գգ۾ֺСʵСҪòã
ûеǣֻǵۿ˵˾¡
ԣеٵؿ֡
˵ȴûߣ̧һոɢҵͷָë޵Сʱͣһ¡
Ȼ۾ĲߣʯײͥԺжɽʯˮԺҪ۾
麵ڰ֮У⸩еĲϣһܺÿĽᡣ
˳Ĵ佻ָⲢδ˿һûء
۽ޣֽŷŵĻˤ
˵仰û˼ϾǰҲΪǰ῰ˡ
麵תǰȥ
վԭأűֽǣܵϵĸдġ
ǸӰԶȥѩ֮С
ʱԶڵģҪΪϴ˵еǸ覵̫ӵ¡
ʱѧЩ֮ʣԼϡ
еĻٿת
ʱеãȻؿ˿Լͷᣣź֪֪ڻڴߵС
䧵ļǳľÿһһصĻҳ
ٻǰʱĻ䡣
ֻǾöԼڵľ˵һֲ̣Ա֮£ෳš
û뵽Ļ䣬Ȼǹڸġ
ʱܶʼسԼܱߣԶѣʱεʵҲ㲻ʲôϡ¡
ڴ齱ߣŷԼĺеɬüһˮ
ˮ࣬ȴҲ΢һЩԼɬ⡣
麺ֵ̧֪˵ԼĶͷֺȷʵе̡
Щʱ䣬էů÷纮Ҳв١
ýʪӸԼĶͷϣԼлģ˿ڴߵ£߹ȥ֮ǰϴĵط
Ѿˡ
ԭ׼վȥģֻΪͻȻһЩ纮֢״뻹ա
Եۣԭڱۼֹ˻ȥ
*
ա
ǵƽʱʵǰʺϲ徲ѰĻӹҲδҪǵг趨ʡѰǵ˲࣬һЩƹܹŮ٣ֻЩǰѯڵ˵١
ԵҲǰǵһʺѾãԵ۸ΪϲˣѰ£ҲֻǲǲǰԼǰ
ǰǵλȴȷʵǸϡ͡
Ůٿ˿ǰˣξԵȣūȥʺ
װ佫æԹæ˵˼䲻ң鷳ˡ
λξǻĲǰһֱ׵У˵⺢һֱĳɼңԭڱ߹ûʵģϾǣʲôԸ߹صĹԼҲԸģЩ
ˣһֱǹ¼ҹˣȻûڼб߶
ĸˣʲô
ξϾף֪ȰҲȰˣҲûʲôȰ˼Ҳһֻ۱ֻһۡ
˭֪СӲͻȻڻǰ˵˼ʯ쾪Ļ
ǲûѻξŵ
ԼֶѵÿϣȻȻҲҪǰǵһ˵ġ
ξִٵԭش˴֣û뵽Լֶ˵ʮһǸʲôģٳϲ֮ЩƵģȾƶһСһСģʵû
Ҳֻ֪ǰλӼ֮Ů˹ǣǰЩʱֱ˻
˭ܳ룬ǰȥĹԼֶβˣȻôˡ
ξĥһ£Ǿøп֡
ǵⲢûеȺܾã˻ûжãǵŮپȥ
ξе˼ش˴֣̤С
δʺ󣬾ݼʺ
ʺĬƬ̣ɫЩӡ
Ȼ֪ǰ˭ĲǰǵҲ֪ǰͼ
ȻպҪǰ߹أŲھйպҲǰ;ǲ֪Լӵ˼׮£ԭӦϲּġ
Ͼ⺢ʵǹֳȻҲ˽ģҪΪѡķ
ֻǻʺ֪ܲıԡ
õ˼ֻѾãԼˣȻٶ
Ҫ˵ϣȻǲϣպ󸵻麵Ҳ̸ϡ
ôһӣȻҲϣԵóԸ
ڻǸ˸⡣
˶㣡
ʺַ̾һȴһӺݻֻʵξǰǵΪ˺£
ξеֵ̿ĵͷƺһ´ǣ󿪿ڻص΢ǰΪСֶ϶ɻĻ¡
л˵
ã̾˹Ȼǻġ
ҼǵСʱͦϲҵġ
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31 
麺ؾͱǰȥ
Ƥ멱ϾĹóĶ, һ񲼰ȻȥЩãҲܱȱ˿Լõʲôá
ԭֻͨĲһ, , ǻ˳񲼡
֦ս֮ǰľó첹, 麳ȥҲֻ˾䣬ûٶʡ
ýڹȥƫƧĵ·ǰ
ڴߵѰ޶˾, һ·ͨص˶
ʵҲʲôˣȴΪƫƧ, Ϊ̫Ӹϲ˴ţѰǵ̫ӵ²ϲͨҲڶǰ
ƾҵƫ, ûſڵ϶, Ϳ֮ǰǸصĳ, ϢسԼǰ
ָԼе, ǰҽﻹæ, ҲΪЩС߶ԡͷת𣿡
⴨ҽӣΪĳ, ֪ܲԼҵĵ´ʲô⡣
شʱԵۣͿλĹ峺ͫʣдżɼĿС
Ҳǲ̫ӵ¡
, Ҳʲô, ͣƬ̱ڴԵ, ȥ档
𰸣Ҳû⣬ȻǴЦ⣬ֻ͡
ص˼䲻ңתǰڡ
յ蹦麾Ϳشӵڳϵɫ΢ЩӣǶ麵ߵʱЩĵۡ
߽һɤӣ̫ӵµ˼ǣĶǷ䱦˲״ԻҪ빫͵С
麴žѾµûô׵Լ뿪Ҳûʲô⣬ָֻԽ˽
봨صл̧򶫹ڡ
յķ纮ռЩб£ֻýŲ鸡Ժ֮жЩ硣
ȻӲʣȥҲһ޶Ҳʲô˿ó
²ܶԼȻ֦޼䣬Լʱ纮ʲôʱǰ޼չԼǱ멣ʵǲý͡
ǽЩʣҲǰ˶
ɢ̴ζ麴ǰǰȥҲֻ޼䣬ǵһε鷿С
²ʲôֻ֮һ֦ؾ滨״ƿС
˽̧ۣеıʸһԡ
麽еᣬ֮ǰϴѾͻضˡ
˿ǰۣҪҾͲڴ˹߶ˡ
˵վ׼ˣո̧ʱٿȻһ
ȵȡ
⻺̴ζεݽԵ˵ۣûеǼ£ֻʣôˣ
Ϊ纮ӦԵеٶۣӦƬ̧̲ۣţ
⵹Ǻĵӣ̧ۣơ
ʵȷʵҲֻһ㣬ƽʱԽѡ
û뵽ϸ΢ĲܱԶƬ̣ҡҡͷû¡
ͣĿ֮пʲôȴ˾ãһ΢Сı任ۻ
麱ţ֪ΪʲôͻȻеĻš
վǰھŵĵУ֪ΪʲôͻȻ̾һ
ֵ̧Ķͷ
ָϼʱ򣬺ƹɲβ
ָµ¶ȡ
ۿǻνû£
еʪģΪ纮˻¶һֻūе˿е
лǼ¡
Զ٣ȻؽǼ´гڻƻȦϣ΢̧麵
ˣֻǷ纮ѣ̧֡۽ޣѾùҩˡ
Լ̴飬á
󣬷־Ҳ̣΢ɲüǲ๵
²ں
±Ȧϡ
֮ǰӦ֪ĴУʱڻĵϣҲϾ˼Щ޹ؽҪ顣
ֻΪ⵱ʱ
ֻĵ϶ߴķٿȻµǡ
ڳͽ䡣
µĴȴĴȻϡɶõƤϡ
֮ڲ޲֮С
ʱ𸵻֮ǰ˵ĻҪԼ´ȥϴֲ˵¶Ƿ䱦𣿡
ôص¡
˵⻰ûʲô˼ֻǴΪ纮˵⻰ʱëƮƮڸһ롣
Ǿίˡ
Ŀûͣٷֺֻȷʵ䱦
Ŷһƾ׼ȴȥָ麵ļࡣ
ΪлӦҲԵñѰеؿŸԼǰˡ
Ȼ赭дؿڵи䱦ģȻҲ㲻ʲôˡ
麻գ۾

ͦܡ
⸩ʱӣʵܣ
ʵãϾҲֻѰ纮һзͽŲ鸡ѡ
Ǳʼʱȴ֪Ϊʲô麺еɬԣǰ˶һӰ
û뵽
Լϸ΢ǰΡ
ˣȴϵĻ֣Ե۵ĶӣպҪ̳дͳĴ
麳һҡҡͷá
ָļ࣬£һʱžԺ麵ڶˡ
麴ʱΪ纮ԵеĶдżɼΣСƭӡ
麺֪ףԭ˵Լƭ顣
Ƭ̣Ҫһ£ֱһ£ֻһ㡣
ӣٿȻԼʵЩʧ׵ֽԼָջȥ
ȴЦ¡
Լûв˫ͫ˵ʱԳѰûеʪ妡
۸ģ
ˮʪָ̧麵Ķͷϡ
ء
غܿӦ
ȥ̫ҽԺȥѰҽ
еû뵽ͣƬ̲Żصǡ
ʵҲֻһ纮ѣԶԶ̸Ҫȥ̫ҽĳ̶ȡ
Ȼ֪ҵǸҽӦֵģϾǳڶ⻹ǻеġ
뵽֮ǰϸʱ๵ɫ˼Ƭ̣ûг
ֽ̧ͷϵȡֻһΣ̬ݲȣָĶͷֵ˵֡
ǡʱɴ
ڵߵߵţ¡
ԭΪҽǰܿͷӦǡ
ȻͷԷͣӦҲܳٶۣȴطֱˣ֮ǰص
ĶҲֻһˡ
ۣ
˻ʺߵַһζջξǰǵΪ˻СĻ¶
仰Ժԭ΢еԺȻ˺ܶࡣ
̧ۣǡöϸߡ
Ѱǰƽ޲̬ӣ˹ط麵Ķͷϡ
˿ûвʲôξǵ˵϶ǵˣ˷ǰǵΪСȢǰʮһֽϵŮ麡
һƬž
麵ȷһֱҪ޳ⲻ٣ǡڲС
븵֮仹û˶ϣ֮ǰǰȥнɣǣδϣ׵Լ뿪
ȷʵ֮ǰ˼ҪڻӡԱ˵һ֪÷֪λСԼӦкøеġ
Ҳû뵽棬λСǵȢ
ߣһ˵ԼʱҲûԤϵ븵иǣ
ָһ£ʶ̧ۿķӦ
ֻƲûⷽŴԼߵĻøɾӲԼָϵˮգֻ⳯˻ص֪ˡ
л˵
Ϊĸ= =
ʵϵĸT T
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32 
, пռ
һֱñ˵ԼԶΣֻΨǰˡ
ٿԼչ¶ġ
ϸ΢֪ȴΪƿ, ֱ˿͸ĸоʶҪ˱ܡ
û, ֻýԼָ, ߶ûϡ
©֮š
Ƭ̺󣬸⽫ŵĽһԵϣϵľ綼
ߵǰ̧ͷ¶, ʵЩ𣿡
еû뵽ĵһ仰ٿûӦ
ʶʵʲôԺ, ŵ˵ͷ
û˵ʲôǻñҽɡ
˵վʹŲ˵ʲô˼صԴ˷ŵ, 鷿֮, ദúܿ, ϸ΢Ħϡ
ΪǸ˵ĻԶЩ
˼Ƭ, ͻȻ뵽һܹؼ顣
麿ʱڰǰĸ⣬СʵϵĽ, ֻ˷𣿡
¶ס䦿һīա
ʵҲδϸյۻûо߳, ЩǺʺ򴺰Ҳֻɨ۾д˸ġ
ʵԭֲ۸ᵽ, ֻ, һ뵽νȢ, ᡣ
ҲֻЩǿѹһѹ
֪Ⱦ˷纮˵ʲô
ȴû뵽ͻȻʳڵ仰
麵Ļ治ɫؽīյ۶һԡ
ȴѹŻɬ
ֳ̧߽Ȧ֮󣬿ࣺʲô
˭֪𰸡
ףȻԼϿǣǰνĽҲֻ˷
ѹգҪ㴦ɾҲѰ
ֳȦ֮ϣϵľ֡
۶麵ߣΪ纮Եģŝʪ妵ͫʡ
ڻз纮ЦָȦ֮ߵ˼£ʲô
ָ麵ķβ·Ĺԡ
ʱȦڻУϵ̴ζȫĸ֪֮С
ǡʱ򣬵⴫ߵصƽ޲¡ҽѾˡ
һȱ̴ľţе̬ǲ˵˽顣
࣬Ƶ֮ĵૡ
ؼöδӦƬ̣ʵ£
קһ۽ǣ֡
ǻֳĳνȴΪʱ컣˵ζ
ԿϻζӰλҽһʲôҲֻ֪ҡҡͷ
ָ麵Ĵһ£֮ǰ͸ã´ʲô˾ӡԡ
û´Ρ
麷Եеȹܵزµûлôá
˵仰ԺϿ̬κζߡ
ŵ
ڵãҲ֪浽׷ʲôܲ²⵽⻹УΪʲôȴֲӦȴ²ⲻ
빫йء
̾Ϣһ
ٻʲôʧصʱѰ˼δ̫ӵвǶԹȴ⡣
ҽΪ̫ӵ²ڵУһɽԴصڵУôûг
۾һ£ɫȴǸСЩѲǵµӦûˣ
ҽⷬԶѾ뵽̫зҵľˣ֪׮ʼԼ᲻ϻˣֵ֮ʣص
ز֪ҽ룬֪⻽ҽǰΪ˭ֻϸ΢ҡҡͷڽ͵Ӧ̫ӵ¡
ҽ¶֮ɫҲûʣôڴص
߿̫ӸԣۣڰԼе̴顣
һԵȦϣһλ̬õŮΪ˾̾ģ
ҽ¶£֪ڼδŮ룬ֻλδ̫һ˼һаôλŮԼǰϾǶδ̫ҪȢô£ԼôҲһ֪
Ȼô룬ҽҲԼˣ̫ӵ¡
ȻԱߵɣλǣ
ظ뿪ڽͣͻȻ̧ۣڵµʮһá
ҽشʱһԼҿһ죬˲Ҫ˵˻ǾǴˡ
Ҳһ񣺡¡
ҽܾǰ֮ķΧЩ֣Ҫ˵Щ֣Ҳ˵
ĥĥֻʼҵ黹ٲͽȥΪԶƬ̣򸵻ʵ֪½ٳǡ
żз纮̴黬ָ⣬ͷҽơ
ҽ˵˼䲻ҵߵߣԼŵһԣ̧۾Ϳ˵Ȧµ¡
ҽڹеֵôˣʶĹȻҲǲ٣ܿóʱµƤϣֵǧ𣬻мУȻôλµ¡
࣬һ
һλµݣڹеֵҽȻǲ֪λʵ˵ǴĹһҲţλʲôʱ̫˹ϵ
ѹã˶ǰһЩ¡
λµݴ̫̫
ҲǳһЩˣ̫ӵ²Ϊҹӵĵ䷶ֻΪЩ£ڶ޿Ĺ¹ػˡ
ҽЦŶ麵ͷ
ϲκɫСϣĵӨ֬
ҽƬ̣
̫ҽԺҽУҽƬ̣´ǽЩοʱէůģĪҪ˵ǵģģ˷纮
ɽӣӣʱպúЪϢЪϢʳԼעЩ޴󰭡
ҽĻʱָ΢٣ԭص麡
ҽ˱ֽдҩؿһȥץҩˣеʱֻʣҽ麸ˡ
ҽΪ˵ǲʲôָժģҽҲ̫ҽԺŵģ⹬дˣҲ⣬ҽҲѵǰһζȻҪһλ
ҽԼĺӣЦеصǳûмǴ̫ӵ빫ʱЩԨԴڵģϴῴǰҲڶְû뵽ȥˣ̫ӵҲ˸лշмӣʵ˶ݡ
̫ӵƷΪ˳ޣڳùʵǳ֮֮οʮһ̫ӵãȴշˣʵܿɼ˷θ
¼պ˹ȥҲȻὫ̫ӵģˣʵһ׮ѻ
ⲻ֪ЩʲôûӦԭȥץҩĴͻȻȥɫأͲԭ٩٩̸ҽקˡ
ûɫֻҽյͷҽˣ纮農ޣҽһͬǰȥŷɡ
ҽЩ⣬ϾԼ⻹ֻǿ˸ͷ׼ڵʱ򣬷λµʹеûü˵꣬ͱ˵С
ʱ侲
ԭԵۣû׼˵˼ȴͻȻԼСָ
ȥֻƺԥһȻСѾˣ֣ڿԻص𣿡
˵仰˳ڽһ䣺ʱߵŮ˵ֻǳȥƬ̣ãǾþò飬ɡ
ٶմŵõ˼
ǲڶôڡ
֪뷨ֻǶ麵ͫʣ̲ס̾һ
ˣѾˡ
׶ˣʵѺ塣
Ҳֻͼ֮ˡ
ֻС
ԭϣͫٿȻһ£Ȼ
ȥҩˣҩٻȥ
л˵
~


33 
麺һѵҩ
ʵһֱ¿, ֻΪڹʽ֪η඼⣬Ѱҩʱüͷ, οɬҩ, 治ɫĺꡣ
Կ, ɾӵõݸ
ȻͺͯһأͻȻһǷС

һֱڻص·ϣǿֽǣֲڵĴ, ǲеȻ
麻صߵʱ֦վڵǰ, һλҽٷ˽̸Ҳֻǲʱλҽת뿪˴ߵ
֦һԼеҩ, 麻, ϴЦͬϡ, ̫ҽԺҽ˵, ȾϷ纮˶࣬Щ֦ơ֮ҩ, ŶܷЩȻЩѾ纮ģЩҩҲ
֦˿ҩ, ϡѰЩֵҽ뵽Ǵߵƣ滹вǼֵҩ, , ̫ӵ»Ǵ󷽡
֦Ļʱ, ָֽϲһ£̫ӵ£
Ŷǰ֦ӦҷǸСҽôҩ͵ⴺߵˣ֧֧Ҳ֪˵Щʲôˣ˵ⶼ̫ӵµķԸҪ͵ġҲ˵̫ӵ»Ǵ󷽣һ仰Ѱ˼ζεǮȥ
֦˵ţͻȻҩ淢ʲôϡ涫
ֻһҩмŵģȻһֽ۽ǡ
̫ҽԺͦģֻҲеòϡѰҩʱū澴δùʲô۽ηࡣ
۽ԲͻȻ
֦еûףԭ٩٩̸麵Ķסţ
Ƭ̲Žе۽ݸ麣
麵Ҫ۽Ժ֦ϻеɫʵѰǲη𣿡
ĬƬָ̣ϸصŽͻȻЩ
˵׼ʱ֦Ҳû̫ŵĻȻ£Ŷԣ£˹ڵе

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ο׮ԩ̫ӵƽ̫ӵЩǸòˡ
ԼһҪޣһҪӦЩˣҲЩǣǰߵȷʵЩ麵ϡ
ָסŵϸһԵϣʱڵеĸˡ
ɫ˹治٣ʱ˿ǰǰС΢ӣҵƣԼĻ˳죬˶ԵøĹʻȻһ۾Ϳó˳졣
еؿ˿ϵĶʲô
麳ҡҡͷûʲô
Ҳûʲô׷ȥ˼ֻЦųǰߵһ¡֪֪֪վǻˣ诵죬Ҳյ롣˼ȥܲܶ
꿪ټʥ岻ѵð硣вӵܶȥҲǺõģ˵ڻ̫ʺţϾˣ̫ѸߣʺѰƹЩ˲ϣοֲδʲôԵڣԼΪá
ⷬ˵þԷθ
ǰȷʵĻʲ٣ǱϾҲѾ˵ˣպһ·ǻΪ麶㡣
ѰȻֹϣڱϾǽʱգô˵ҲǴǰسŹ£ͬġ
ǸǰѶĹ澣˭ûþӦˡ
е㶡
ǰĻᣬȻǻǰȥģڡ
ָϸϸٿȻ뵽˸ͫʡ
ĬȻƬ̧̣۶Ը˰㣬ҽЩ纮Ӳʣĳϻǲȥ˰ա
Щɸ֣綼ʲôʱˣз纮ǸʱҲظǺȫˣĻɲУЩʱû칬ˣֻǳǳϾҲֻһЩ׾죬ǼɣҲûʲôӡ
ܹעģΨһԷĻᣬŮһĴ£ӶҪһᡣֽⳡǴ죬˵ûдͻĻᣬѰζβĻᣬѰǿ壬˴οĪҪɵʧ
Ȼ֪˵úܶԡ
ʵҲȷʵ֮ǰǵлвӵֻǿ˿񣬻ûȥѡҲǺ¡
˼£״ʵǹеĻҲһͬȥ𣿡
ȻӦȻô˵дͻĻأﲻٻӾڻҲв٣δ޵ĻӶȥ
˵룬Ŷԣ̫ӻȻǲȥġû˵ǰȥĵطеմ˽ģ
˵˵ų˳Լ򥣬Ҳ֪̫ӻպȢޣʲôĹģ¾Ǽ붫Ҳֻྴˡ
麴۽Ƭ̣صյ飬л㡣ǰֳϣʱУһ
ЦЦѵãͨͺáպǻϾһͬڹ⣬ҲǸӦ

ǵŮңңؿһذ[ۣ߽
ǡɻξǵ߳Ϊ佫ʲôϣ˵ϲҲ˵ʧ䣬Ǹĥı顣
ĥţӭǸⶼûвʱ򣬻ξȻѣǰˣæμ̫ӵ¡
ξ񡣡
£ξĸ⣬ʵϡ档
ξȻû뵽Į̫ӵ½վȻʱЩϻ̳ϿֶϺݺݲ˼£ŹصŶص£ðǰ߶ŻʺΪСֶĻ¡
ϴǳЦ⣬ξΪΪСˣʵ˵ǲֶ
ξû뵽̫ӵ½Լҵļ£ܳ׵ΪСֶĻĶģ˷ͼóΪٰ죬СֶˣģȻҪЩ
ЦЦûж˵ʲôֻ޵ξСġ
ξ˵˼䲻ңⲢʲô˵ȥ˼תˡ
ξһֱ߳ãǾЩš
Ͼʹδλ̫ӵ¶˭Դɫ
ǽԼΪ˳ֻۣԼ
ôţϵɫЩ졣
ǵвʲô죬ŮٴһԣΪʺѹż

̧̤еʱ򣬻ʺ֧˽ͷû̧
Ҳû⣬˸λ׵Ȧ£ָ࣬Ҳûȿڵ˼
оƬ̣ʺ̧̧ĬƬ̣ߵŮȵŮԺŵ׵ˣϢͨ
ٿȻüĸߵǰȥ𣿡
ʺ磬ĬƬ̣ôؾ͵ǵУΪʦΪҵĴ𸴣
ȻΪʦǵеɢۣڴ𸴣ҲǺ⡣
ʺúЦʣ棿
Ȼ棬ָ˵Լ򥣬ĸϣҲȻеǰ취ס޷ǱԹϼѣ⡣
ʺŲµĴ𸴣ɫһݣ̾һЩεִ֪磬ڡĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ߵĲҡϸ΢ػζ͵᲻£Ӧ֪ȻֻǺ˵Ը㣣û覣Ҳ֪⽫㱻˾̫ӵ£ϻеΨһ£ⲻҪ˷ȥù˵
ЩȻ֪
ĸΪ룬ĸ۶Իξ˵ʲô黳
ʺûҾ֪ôôӣֺαˣǻξǰУҲֻӦ˾⺢ӻСǸոϻϣٻ̸¡
ϾҲֻȨ֮ƣƽ޹û£ʵ˵ȥڻЩɣպģʵЩˡ
ָ˶٣赭дصȢ
һ仰ʯ쾪ʺԭ֧ŸһЩϻ
ȢʺʣôȢ¸ûݣŮݼ붫
ݵʵҲʵĸɾЩҲ޷⻹ǻЩҰʷ֮мţ־Ҳ⡣
⣬麣ǴǰϵŮǴǰӼ֮Ů˵ݡ
˵ȢǹȢ
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˵ɣǨǣ׾ٵ顣
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ΣȨգûԼ
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34 
, ϾǰЩʱ˳ѩ˴, ƽů⡣
ϾҲЩ, ǴȥϺص, ĴᱡľɴȹֻǵĽۣǰЩʱ򣬶Щյ֡
ߵʱҲƽ麳ȥɹ;ʱ, żˡ
֮ǰԺ󣬶麻һֱĻɵ, ˱һԭˮ麺, ˮֻһ, תص˵С
ʱƽ޲, ת͵˻ǰ
ǰȥҸн, ȴ֪⼸ոһֱڹС
ȥλдصĳ棬λֻҪڶͻֵ, ȴҲ١
Ÿһͬǰȥ˹⡣
ֵУֻżΪʲô˵Ȣûġ
ǲϸ֪˭ֱ, »֮˽Ժ㡣
ǰһΣصؽһСλ֮ǰӵ, Щǵм, Щйŵ, ඼Ϥ䡣
ΪʱնڣΪûʲô˼ɣǸ֮ϸһ¸˵ȱ㣬˴ߡ
֦ͺ൱ӣΪ麵ŮȻϣ麵ٵˣŽҲ⣬ȵ꣬Ҹףò˼ˣҲ൱Ĺޡ
ѡǰȥκ
ѡѡȥ֦ǾѹȹʣϾ͵ĶЩѰŮҲ˿
֦Ǽȹϱ˱ȣȸԾ´ȹӱȻѹȺʱȺҲǳǸȻҲԵ
ȹ֮ǰģҲ֮ǰӶġ
麿һϸ滨ƣָһ£ҡҡͷ̫ۣˡѡľͺá
֦е⣬Ȱ¡ʲôãѵõĻᣬӦͷǰ¶˵þǳ˺£ǻڣЩҲѰ
ĬƬ̣֦Щɫ֦
ȻȻᣬȴִһԶ׼ĸ롣
֦ɫЩڨڨĬؽеȹյϻȥҲûᡣ

⡣
֮гҶɳɳ죬κ졣
ʸƿ缲磬͵ضס˼ܵӰ°ڡ
һʿˣϴž֮ɫɫȻؿԼס۽ǣ촽ؿˡ
⽫ԼеĹݸһԵˣ˹ؽӹصݹӣһһزһԼָߵڵϵĵʿǰ
ʿۣԭӦǸȥɷǵΪͷմŢͲмȥͷǱɷԡ
ʿŴʱԼǰˣѪɫ
Ųոմӹӳô̫ӵôҵɹƭãֻһˡ
йԣͿϵóԵ֮ǰΪεĹʦ
ĵԵ磬ڹҲΪ˾Ĵڡ
ʿ˺ݺݵ߬ź󱳵ѣ¡СҲǴҪƭµģǣһʱϣС֪Լʵǲ£ⲻæ£ͳ˹𣿡
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ЦЦʦУùЩ֮ġ
ʿ⻰һ£¶ϲ֮ɫȻȻǴ˷ŹСģСԸ⵱ţȻҪ̫ӵµ֮
ָһ̴飬ô
˵ڵµȷ󡣡
Ҫʦڻصȥû뿪ʦ뿪ϾһգҲʲô»ʦһѣֻҪҸڹȥҹ鲻˲ʦȻΪĹʦ
ʿɫ¶⣬µ˼ǣ
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ЦЦʦȻʶˣǸˡ
ʿԣګګ˵˼䲻ҡ
վһԵ͹ʦȥЪϢɡ
һԵڵصĵʿߣЦ⵭ȥߵĴص£ڱϣӦܽ˽صĶʮƽϤɻϲⱣǮѲ˹ϵڽɻǮƣҲٸƣԵʧȥһҪڸΪƵٲЩ˽ֶΡ
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ŷŴŹָֽϲ˲䡣
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ڻ֮УȥҲǳŲ˵ĸ߸ϡ
ܺʱеڵ״
Ϊ˺ٻ嶯ľھ⣬صҪӱһҹ׾ʲôҪֵ̫ӵ˼еظϻȥ
ܺȰڻصУҪµĻʱеţԵȻҲȫȻû׼ϻ˽義ЩѰһľҷ´ȻȨգҲɴУ
˶٣˼
ܺ봨ڸѾãٻ˷Ȼǲ֪ʱؾͼŻῪ
Ȼ֪ʱȥһõľ
ֻǷжػһֱ֪ʲôе˳λһ
ڻг˱ʣڵ塣

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ܺȰϾһһԵĲ˵ҲЪϢá
׼˵ʱߵĴȴͻȻקһӡ
ܺԭȰĻʱʻ˺еؿߵĴأ˼Ƭ̣ҲûٿȰˡ
˵ոյĻ뿪
ܺϾ΢СЩҲçײЩѰڴЩ飬ǲ֪ڸ⼴̷Ϊ˭
ǴȻ֪
ܺеյؿԼߵˣûص㷽ʲôʱȥʵе㲻ƽ磬ȻǲʲôһһأҶ֪ȻϢãʲôȵµӸΪҪڻȥҶ֪Щ׵
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35 
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δ, ǰ޵ΪױױǰžеԼ
ױϹ, һСɵĶ, Ϊ麴ϡ
ϯ, ˷ѵ֣ʱ磬ѾвϯУſ硣
˵֮ǰϻλʮһҲ
ɴСס, ֮ǰҲֻ˵ôˣû뵽ջ, ϡ̫˵λԵֽ˻ȥȴû, ʼм, ĥ
Ϣ, ôû˵
Ϣ㴫, ʲôܡǰλҸոƽİ˹һͬģʵҲô, һ˵õȮ졣
⻰΢Եе̱ˣԱߵû, ɫת˸⣬˵Щˣ˵, ̫ӵ¿ɻ˵ݸ߹, δϲĳ, ǵҲѡˣָҲǰơ
⻰˵ô󵨣ֻϾŮڲ޹Ҫ󣬵Ҳǳ
ԱߵЦ˼ֻ˾֮ˡ̫ӵʲôʱĳϣĪҪЩеûģúˡ
⻰ǲ٣ЩŮѰҲڹϼλ̫ӵ£ЩҲǵ٩䣬ҲûŽܼ
мɽᾣˮȣ˿
оŮм˼磬ɴ磬ӰӰ´¿ӰֲԵͻֻ˾Ÿ¡
֡
߽ϴżɬָָԼı֣Ҳ׵ˡ
ģΪЩľګʹһҴǰҲǳԾ˿ͷҲ˸˵ӣҲǺ¡
˳ŸָóǱȥֻһɫ[۵ɾԼȥЩ˼ع˸Ҿ
ȷʵ縵˵ȥЩľګ
ľګδزǺ£ڹнС΢þˣ΢Щиȫȫۻǲɶõĺ¡
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ǰ㲻ӻ᲻ճԵҲ֪̫ӻֽһ֡
˵ƶ麵ָĦһԼǰıյʵΪʲô
ѹͣ±֪һ㣬ǹڳõ飬ǸǰЩʱߪ˸ˣϵ幣ûõ֣̫ӻֲ˻ȥ°ɣʵ̸档˵ͻ˽̰īڶ࣬ʱղڹУΪ˴¡
ѹʱղڹС
Ե̫ӹϵһֱҲǹ½֪飬麵Ҳû̫⣬صæϯҲѰ¡
Ҳ˵ͷҲǡҲôܱ⵹ģ̫ӻֶǰȥˣֻҲǰ˾Ųʮˡ˵ȺûʲôϵһҾôˣٻЩꡣ
ҡҡͷЩпϾҲųλʺĴ塣
λʺ
ֽĻʺǳϣ֪ģǰٽӴеĹˣȻҲЩھ֪֮٣̫֣֮һֱ֪̫ĸ塣
ߪϣ̫󣬻Եۡ
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ŨһĹǣɫĹǽǽ˵
ԼеıյĬƬ̺ʵ̫ǳ𣿡
ǡһ㶣ɫ̸ϺãοġȻϵ淸ʲô飬ϾǼ빬ǵ̫һֱǱȻЩ£Ҳǣ̫ϣŮȻ̫֮ǰЩԨԴҲǶϲǣϡ
麼һЦ⣬صлʽģ֪
ֻоԼڵԺ֮лһƬиڶһ㣬ǳˮҲ˿죬׾ٵؽקŽŢ֮С
Ỻһֻ⴦Ц̵ϯԼ룬ת븵㣬Щʣδʧ̬һȥ΢ЪϢٻ
һ˵ͷã·ϵЩ
Ե˵ͷϯ
йŮʵҲʶ˷绹δʼϯϡ棬´˼麣˽˼
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Ȼλ˹ģߵĻ˭ؾҲѰһŹ£ԼδϻᶼֺãѰ
ʵҲãҲܲЩ
ǵСûмɵ麵˼
´Ŵ߳麣ζĵЦ
Ҳ͵Ц˼
ֻǿЦ̸ʡ
Щϸڶٿɫƽûһ㡣
δƫƧĵطߣֻǾһСǰͣһŮ
麴ۿŲԶˮ֮е㣬ڱ̳֮ε׽طѩеĺ
ĳЩ˵УԼԶԶϳе㣬ֻǻڽ˿ȸ
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ļҸϵģֱ߻и£ڽеĹź͵ǸŶɫȹĹʾһ£ⳡ¹ش󣬳ʲôĪҪʹˣȻǹеĹ˲СֻҲĲ㣡
ϾǹеŮ˵ҲѰŮҪЩ
ʵ麴õҲδؾֵزǽձϾǻ磬¼ǴöĿܱǰģҪôƷ׵ĹҪôǹóŵĹŮдؾġ
ҲȻϳ˹ŮŮ
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һǰ˭ԺɫΪ任˼¡
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òܶϵģҲֻһˡ
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תֻʱԼǰҪΪӢͦЩ麵ߣе˼سЦЦ
ʮһ¡
ǰһֱǻΪ˷ʮһǰĹȫָʹ
Ҳ֪ͼصС
Ļش𣬲ɫسգһ۾
Ѱʱ򵹲Ըе㶣ǡײߡ
ģһҲǸ˵ɱСһ׽˵˼׾ҪԼצӣȻë޵Դȥ˵֡
ʱڼҵСѾͷһֻɫȮ׽˵ʱԵĵطҡεβҲܿ÷
۽޲һ£ԱǸҲԭʮһū۲ʶ̩ɽʮһ£¡
ȻвԣϻǴһЩԶ׼ν
üǹ¶ھУ·Ž̲ĵĽʿҪϳȥնʾڵģǴ˴ãҲҪʮ壬Чȡ
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˵Ҳ˲ʲôӦתͳȥ
Χʱֻʣˣе˼΢˺죬Сû뵽ɡԭ֮ʲôżȡ
ִһֹס⣬û˵˼
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ȻСЩЩ̫ͻˡٳѰ¿ҪֱЩСðˣֱ˵ع˼ɡ
СΪ̹ʣҡҡͷҲð
ŻһлС¡
ȴڴʱɫЩֻǡСӦ֪ϴߵʱȥһζ̫ӵ´ǾһҪɫ
ܿͽŵʵҲѰұϾǰڱ߹أǱȣҲֻЩѰӵϣвѧ˵ӵ֮ܶ꣬һ佫ȷʵѷɫպٱøΪЩȻ̫ӵ¶ҸĹۡ
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ָһ£ٿȻе顣
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36 
ٿȻ̧, ǡöһ˫ڵĮͫʡ
ʲôʱҲһֻվڲԶ, Ŀ赭дӹ˴
վһԵĴɫԸ, ֹ, һԡ
麴ʱס˳߳ȥֻذ׵[ۣվڼɽˮ֮, ̧ۿŴ˴
ϴźһɫ
⻺߽ǰվ
ڣ֡
ܿҲ, ǰĸ⹪̫ӵ¡
³⵭ڣӦûдŵúͻСɡ
ŵֳԱ, ΢ػζš
Ȼ, , Ϊֳ, ػѰǳͻǰǡþ, ˵飬ǰΧ¼¡
⻰ȽԼԭ, ֵԼ麲˽ᣬֻΪ֮ǰͻһʡ
ڴʱ̧ۣԭֻ뿴ɫ, ȴֻǸո̧۾, ǡöߡ
˵, Եʱ麵ʲô顣
̫ӵ£ϵֳҲʮָ۵Ľ
ʱ΢һɫȻȻѰһ󣬵ȴѿϵذ[۴Щ΢ޣǰ㴦˿
ǰڹС
Ȼ˷ҴҸϻعΪԼϸʱǲƬʧ
ʱԣҲֻʧƬ̡
Ц£תԻͻСΧ
΢Ƭ̣ͻȻ𣬹ûЩ̣ԡ
˿ָͣס
ֻʱͻȻΪ˴£֮⣬ȻмҪ飬ǳҲţиˡ
뿪֮ǰ̧ۿһ麣ЦЦת뿪
ʱѽʱŮЩ
˴ƫƧֻΪվвϳݣȻҲǰ
麱µӰ
ΪűĺǶɼŵūƮƮҡҡ˵ġ
Եۣ麣öû˵˼̧
ЩᣬЩʱŷķ˲Ͽζ
û뵽ھȻԼָ⣬Щ⡣
ΪʣֱֻӻԻѡ
Ψû뵽һ仰
ȫڣҲ˿ᱻƼ
СˮƬ̵ľ֮УˮӿȪƬƬ
ϵľ̫ԣЦ£ôû뵽
ʵո׼㡣᲻ص£»ıŵ۱ߺֲҵ޳᲻áԡǰˡ
ǿԣ⻹ϣͬǰ̹
տʼЩػΪǴǰ֮Ůһ٣ƫ빬Уκ˵Ǿ䣬ο⻹һ׾˳˳ˮŮ
ȥ꼰ǵʱվڴߵԵŪ֮УźеĻԸ
֪ʱ麵ʲôԸůӳʱ򣬿ЦüңȻ֪ԼԸ
ϣԵóԸ
ǳڶ῵ԵʣǶԼһδת䣬һ㳤С˼Ų㲻ס
һֱϣ麻ǸѩлԼֵС
麸оԼºܻ¡
ɼָ֡ǲھУҪ𣿡
̸ʲôҪ¡С¶ѡ
˵ģȴ㸲һĴ£Ͼ˵췭ظҲһƬ
˷ҹϻ뿴ûίѡ
麳ĬƬ̣ûȥֻʽ˵ˣֻ΢ȥ͸һڿ쵽˿ʱǰϯʵڲףҲҲҪصˡ
һüɣҲҪǰȥһͬ

һ޹ؽҪ麣Ȼ㲻ʲô
ֻиʱʱ⿴а˼⣬Ϊʲô麻ûлⶼˣûӰ
һֱֵʱԭ΢ԵеӵУŶʱѻȸ
λɼ̫ӵ£ǾŮˣΪ˶˷Ϊ˾Ĵڡ
˷ͻȻڻУȻǲ˾ȵġ
Ϊ˲ǣʱˣȻһؾױҲؾŮȻδױ㣬ȴҲɼò
Щԭ֪ݵˣĿʾ⣬̫ӵߵ˵ݡ
Щԭڰ麴ؾĹŮǲŵؿԼʱǰĳ
ֻԶһȻǹеĹ˵ϻģҲֻȼʺˣʲôʱǰ硣
Ҫǣ˻Ǵǰûʮһ麡
ֳе㾪ȡ
ǲ㾪ǰ麻صڵǲ֮ǰǰ㾪ֻǻǾã̫ӻֶ麣ȷҪ˸ΪЩ
ֻܿǰ֮һЩԨԴҲδ롣
ֻʵҲǺˣȻֻһŹ£ڹ븵մ״ʵģպҲҪù٣¼˼У˵ҲҪеЩ
˲˵Ŀڡ
ϻһ㱡ùϵٲãҲдǰЩԨԴڣδػ롣
뵽Ƭ֮ǰ
Ȼǲ븵һͬǰȥġ
Ҳ˵ֻãҾĹŮ࣬ԼһͬǰȥȻǲδϸ룬ԼҲΪڶ˵Ľ㡣
ؾŲע⣬ԽԽã֮ǰЩϵӵܾͺãûбҪ顣
ʶҪܾͷ֡
ʵûиѡ񡣡
ƮƮؽӵ±Żûȥ
˵⻰ʱɫȻƽ޲˿ɣ顣
ʱжԵþ˵ĿѲȴ඼żɻƮƮϣֲ̫ͣã±ִʵ಻ס˼ܿƮ
̶̵ļ·ֻԼÿһ˵ע֮£һֱڸߣܸоͶߡ
Կһֱܴݡ
δǰƺģ롣
ۿ˿麣ת׼뿪֮ʣԶȴͻȻһ̫ӵݸ߹ֽȴ𽵹һݵ΢ǰ磬Ƿϣʧ׵
ϣʧ׵
⻺̧ۣŲԶĵطȥ
ڵһλѵŮڼбˣʱ˵Ҳӣ˿ûʲô˼ɡ
ʱﵱ⻰ֻǱǹʹˡ
Увǹе飬Ѷ
ֻһڹŶŲϵĹʲô̫ӵУ
һƬȻ
ǹµĻáϴƽЦ⣬˵˵ﲻף
л˵
~


37 
վڴʱ, ȻһƬȻ֮䣬ҲȻݣ
Ҳ, Ը, ʲô, ֵõڳ˵ʲôס
Ⲣδ麣վڲԶ
ſڵλŮٲȻǼбģĻػԺ΢ǺЩԱߵĿʾ, קקӡ
麵ߣֻ˷ȫ㼯Լˡ
Ȼûؿ, Ҳ
Ҳʵڰ಻סĳԼߵһۡ
ֻ麶ϯ䣬˳Դ, ϸļԳƯ, ˵ע֮, ҲȻʲôҵɫ, 븵Ҳ̸ʲôʶĿʾҲʲô
ϯеŮ΢˽, ˦˦Լӣǲס̫ӵ¼Ϊһһٴǻ, ͻȻλ
ָָ麣λ֪·ĹͬȻϵĻò, ̫ӵ¿ǷẮҹģ
⻰ȷʵ١
ǻʺΨһ, , ԵĹвλƴȨ̫ӵ½ӽΪʵ룬ȻֺãҲδ̤붫һ
ڸ⻤ŵˣȴֻһڹֶŲǹֻǹģԱ֮£˭ϣ¶Ըġ
ϵ̴ľֳָֻ䡣
赭дЦЦţδ
ǷẮ˵ģδҲδãԼʲôϵ
˵Ůԣɫһ
ⲻȼ֣е˽оɫ
̧ۿ򷽲ſ˵ˣµм·롣
ƽͫв˿£ʲôʱֵọָ̃
ʵδԳƽֻʼյֻһЦ
ŮȷʵǱǹʹˡ
ϾңгҪ붫ã̫ѡþöδճ̣ȻϣԸԳű˽һ㵱仰
ڼ½˹ţ̫ӵΪ˶˷Ϊһ䣬̫ӵ¾ͻ֪ԼΪףתĿϡ
麣ֻǴ빬еһϻϣҲδؼж໶ϲ߶ǵòϲȻûʲô˼ɡ
Ҫ˵϶麲⣬ϵмڣϾҲǸŹ£Ĵ㡣
ȻҲΪôһŮ󶯸ɸꡣ
Ů΢ɪһ£Ǻܿ칣ŲӻصŮδ̵ָ£ֻǳŮȻΪ£Ȼϣ̫ӵ¾ֹǡ³߹ԵԳݣ֮֮ͬҲѡ֮ȱġ
ԣٿЦ
Զ֮ǰЦҪһЩԵüi˲ֱӵĹ
δӦֻǻߵ麵ǰ֡
Χ˶Щԣż̽ߣеû׸⵽ôġ
̧ۿվԼǰĸ⣬ϾشۣһԵĸæס˲ɣ֣ĪҪɵˣ
麵
麶Ƭ̣󻺻Լ
ָڰɾδȾޢʱ΢ɼһ¡
ʮ˿׭ŷӾĵ̴黺УϤ̴ζ
Χ͵͵ĳϾ⴮ֻϾǲ֪ҲǼ٣ֵǲ̸ģǷ
Ϊ⴮鼸
ȴȡ£һǰ˵Ĺֻǵû˻ᵱš
⸩ָδ麷ֺͷð±Ƭ̡
ŵʲôģ
˵仰Ժ󣬾ʱУȴȻϢسɫװˣһֱڸߵĳ档
غʹܺʱޱͻȻڸ
зŸոȡµǴֳ֣Ĵдһֱӵȫ
ֳֵһԣԵеɢңʱɢҵ
ôһжһһεˮ֮б
ģ޷ǾѰĹŮ룬ŲĸԼʱ޶ʱĻһֱ麵Ժ֮С
Ժǵ˼ǵͣѡɵÿЩ̫ãòҲĪҪ̫ģ̫ȨƵĸǲף֪ȣЩΪá
һֱס
̫žޣҲΪʹԵŵ䣬̫ȨƵģȽһᣬǡ׼δ˼ǣǿĸ׽빬ǡ
һֱ֪ԼҪʲô
ֻڴʱе̴ľֳֻɢŵζһ˿һƵ˼
ףɾ
ʱ
˭֪⴮̴ζʲôʱǽ麴ΪܣҲǴδ˵Լʶ顣
˭һ磬Ȼһ棬ʵδš
оǱ߶ŮϯеĲԾ̸΢СЩЩĿ߿š
ɴ磬ǿòǺģģһӦŮϯϵӰһߣܿϴİɫ[ۡ
λо²˵ݣЩ˵硡
ֻλҹŮֳգȻƲΣеУȣѲļҲϾĵϵӵܣ
εЩҵλӣĪǰͰõģĪҪϹˣžǣ
ĪҪ˵ֻǴĵ涼δУ
еԭվƸ֣ͻȻԼ֣Щǵô˵ģдĵ涼ûУĪҪſڴƻƣ
˵ڨڨӣеӰοԹʵЩĵ棡
λδ˵ǿ˿һֱδ˵Ļ˵Сôӷſʼһֱδ˵ѵͲ˵˭ţȷʵ뱾żƣֻǻƤѻǣѷɫһ
δӦĿ⿴˿ʱӰԺڵϾڹУӻΪá
㬱죬Ҳδ⡣
ʱŮϯУû˿˽
֣ΪⲻҪʹЩȴû뵽ʱеģȻǴӲֳ֡
˵ǴǰĶʦֻ꣬ǡ̫Щ
ԭɣӦ˾ú÷ʡۣ˾еǴδѺ桭
ƽ޲߿򷽲ŵǸŮ㵹о仰˵ò˵ȷӦȱġ
΢˲ء
˲˼ŷλŮ̧̧֣롣
ӹ֮еڱϳȥȥһ˾࣬ڹŮԣҲʲô
Ůԭأָս˳˳ˮĳûʱȻһԵĳ㲻̧ͷһֻۣǿԼǰĲ裬ûг˼
ûΪ
ʵҲǣǰ˱Ͼ̫ӵ¡
˸ʶ̧١
ŮһΪ룬ʵ£Ůнɣ
ʯײѩ
Ҳǹнɡ˶٣µĽɰˡ
л˵
ǧעĺܣףҶ⼸Уˣʲôҿ׽ģҲӭָ


38 
Ϊôһ, еվͺм֮ͣǰ֡
ȻҲвǰ֮ľ£ڶλʮһ̻, ҲΪԵʡ
ǷűߵĻŮΧ, , 漴ܿʹףûٷһ
⴦û׼˼΢˿ԭص麣̧뿪
һֱ뿪, ԭŵвϡϡЩ
ϾйŮһԼȦӣᱻ伸, Ǽ΢Щױ̸ʡ
Ļ˴˴ʶ븵, ְ, ˳Ĺ, Ҳ΢Щ, ȴûлţʵҲ⡣
ֻڸⷽ˵ζв׵ġ
Ե̻, ˵ҲˣˣƫƫǸ⡣
ﻹ˸ٳڰ䡣
лŸԼ̴, Ա߸ѹ͵дԶ׼˷ܣ̫ӻΪɣλСֻպûϾǼˣӻǴѲɵΪҲкԺ, ʾ, ʵǴ̫ӻ, ֵõָ̡
˵һδ̫ӻϵ⴮ֳҲǵ뻤Ű㣬պΣҲ˸ҵ㣬Ͼ̫ӻ̻ţҲҪ΢š
˿ΧͶ⡣
Ҳãպϵڣô˵Ҫ˳Щ
ָ΢ա
Ⲣδ߶ã֮ǰ[۵ϸ΢ޣϸǳˮȴ˽еֳ֣оĵĺϸ΢Ħš
Ը㣬Ҫ£뿪һ
δͷ麾Ѿ뿪
ȻǴӹϻôӦҲǻصӦ»ص⡣
ӻȥŴҲҪһʱ䣬ŲƬ̣Ǹһϣδزܸϵϡ
΢һԼȹգԱߵļɽˮȥ
ǡñλо쿴档
žλ˭ôǰûھƼλؾѲɲǹŮֻǸŮ
ȣôҲŮɣ˵ˣôݵŮͲ֮μ穣λŮðɣǰġ
ŵм죬⡭ǲ֮ǰϻǸǸǰʥϹĹУʲô麣
ôһ˵˵˼ӡ
ԭλõǵ
ԱζЦЦƺǾмֿϧûᡣ
Ϊпɣ˵ޣɾʵЩˡ

麲δԼЩֻۣԼȹգǰɫĹǽСţߵķҴӹɼˣڵĵط빬ȴǺңԶ
Ϊո磬մ黨ЬĲǺϽţһû񣬽һ¡
ʹ˲ʹӽ״ʱҲҹ˲ô࣬ǽ΢£ǰ
ƮŵֳҲŻζ
ܶණǶǸýϵģУǲ⡣
ĹԶûоͷ֪˶ã麲ڿ˹ŴɭϵóǹУɫ࣬ҲЩǵĹٻ£ôȴûп⡣
˵ԼӦʲôԵۿŴʱԼĵ̴飬֪ӦǾʧҡ
ԭԼ빬Ӧеҡ
ϾӦǼʱֹ
ԭۣ֮ʣȴͻȻһƬ˪׵۽ǡ
ҹ£
ٿ̧ۣԡ
һֱѿ帵ʱȴ׾ٵشīһ֮ͫУЦ⡣
ЦҲֽڽЦѩһЦ
ԭܿ˵ͷֽ̧Լеֳֵݸ
ַ˵Ϊܣȴջءֳֹأв׵ǰͻ
⵹ǲֽӹе̴ֳ֡
ָָǴ̴ֳִϡ
ϸǲ£ҲԵúǿտյӲΡΡزš
Ҳرأ֣ͷٴΪһʱա
ָ麵䡣
麸׼ٳƴǣǰһȴͻȻ˵ۣĽס
˵ˣ
׹һߵϸ΢ӽ״
ôôСġ
ȴûϴʱ׼ʹУƬڵ֪⴮ڻֶǷ˲ҿԳеεģԡ
˵ţŽ⴮̴¡
ָȴסĶЦ£˾ͶˡȻñˣǻôöԡ
΢Щôеǰҹ£ֻΪôС°ɣ
һܿͱԼߣȷֻΪ¡ȻڻֶֻС£Ҷȴǣ˼ǰһ˻ֱȽ׵
ⶨؿһ̧һ¡
µǾãòֻΪôС¶᲻ùߵĻֱ˵
΢˶٣øΪЩںˣ빬ܾáȹ»
˵꣬ǵм£δתͳ˹š
վԭãת뿪
ŵºҲûٻصеıҪû׼ص磬ֱӻصߵС
ߵǰʱоԼڸţ΢£ûлͷֻ΢ӿ˲ӡ
ſڵĺѾã麻Ц⣺½ǰȥ磬ʲôջ񣿡
Ӧ׼ϵʱͻȻԶдһ麡
ֻһѵĸŮ첽߽ȻϣҵĴС΢
֮ǰǸһֱԼˣӦҲˡ
ϴʱϴ˵ϵЦ⣬ô˵ȷʵҪ֮ǰլ֮ϵöֻ࣬ǱϾڹУҪԾִһЩ
ӵĵطҲЩȣĿתתҲûж˵ʲô
΢ߣϵǲʲôЦ⣬麵ʱҲֻǻӦһЦЦ
麶ٲŴʱǰˣʲĸýʱǡ
һ˵ţһ߶ߵĺЩȥӭ͡
˿ˣϺܿӦزأҪʲôˮĸȻЩҪ¡ڱϾҲϻϣӦҲϵһӣ°ɣĸţҲֻаˡ
ϵЦġ
һԵ΢е㲻˼ûٿ麣Ŀûʲô㣬֪ںδ
ĸ˵
ĸ֮ǰ֪Ǹµģ˵̫ӵм죿ĸţĻܲǣǣŴߣý̫ӵʶٲãֻ梻ҲǺõġ
ϴսҲŮҲظ֪ĸλʺ߹С㶼Ҫ޵øЩĸôż壬ҲΪš
л˵
~


39 
ϽϴǶЩ, սʱŵŨζ
ܱϴõۣȻʲô֮, ֻǹ̲, Ũ˲ʡ
Ϳſ֬, Цŵ֮ǰҵʱ⺢ӵҲû˵̫ӵ죬Щ˵ˣĸҲڵ, Ϊý㷢ŮҵĻӦǶЩ, ⷬý㣬ǱһĴ󹦳պٲö, и, ټϰģú, ôҲġ
˵, Ե΢
ʵҲǣ̫֮λһֱڹﰵﶢŵλ, ʺʲôر׽ĹŮѡʱҲٳٶûî˾ڹл졣
Ͼһĸһλʺ, ھеλպ׹ϵ˶ż֡
΢Ů, ˼ҲѰ
ϼڴؿ麡
Խӽ, ̫Ӷλǰʦ֮Ůշ, ܴһݹϵȻǱĺ¡
ڹ꣬Ϊ֮ǰ飬Ҳǿ˻ôһֶŮˣҲû뵽һϵڡ
ô˵ҲôϹϵҪõöࡣ
صòĸʧˣֱϾб𣬲ʶԲĸ˵ģˡҲԸ
˵ʲôϵɫԿЩдҲƼˣûпģĸţΪǰС̫ӵ֮йЩʦֽ꣬¼ȶ԰˼շȴҲδسԶͻСֻǰҪ֪ϲĸ壬׵ģҪ۹ųԶЩźá
˾£ЩСӴǰǳϣҲδػ빬ݴ̫̫һְĻᣬֽ㣬ظ֪ԨԴЩС
΢һֱûʵԽ˵Խ࣬üͷĸס
˵ĪҪ廰Сǳ⣬ûƼ˵𣿡
ԣԭɫе£ļ仰֮ҲӦˡ
˿麣СصλˣҼҵ±ϾֻһλڹĹ˵ǹʵҲֻиֶѣ˵̫ӵ̸ˣڹжԭͲף˵򵽶˲Ҫǿѡ
վĺ
׾һȻǳ˺ܾò˵ڵģֽţϾǸŴԺ֮еĴˣȻֲŭƣ̲ס˶㡣
ϴЦߵŮǶӹܽЩΪãӻػʵ˵ʲôϰԡ
ӣ¡
麳ҡҡͷ£Ƚɡ
˿ʱľԥһ麺СӦǣת˵С
ϴº͵Ц⣬ϵ֮ǰĸֻһ֪⣬Բ֪ʱ̫̫þټɶλس֮ľΪ׸״Ԫ֮ʱڣҲΪȴִ˿ƾ֮Ϊ²ż汸νϡ
ҾһĸǳڶԳ𾴣ߵŮӦ£貮ĸָڲĸǰ顭Ϊ벮ĸ
ԭӦʲô˳ˮ۵С£΢麵ý㣬΢˶պڹеҲظúùࡣ
˭룬ȻڼŴǰǵ£һ㶼֪Ҫǰ
ϱС䣬һʱҲЩҲסﲢ֮ǰլʱԱ߻ţҲֻվڵ⣬˵ֱЩҲ¡
ϵЦȥȥЩĵ麣⻹ŴǰϽĸͽе飿ⶼǹȥЩˣֺαڻҵֲǲ֪ǿʥϣֲˣЩ沸ոսʱҲٵʥϻĵģСӹȥδزϣѰˣ⾩ŮӶ޵ҲֺαؾЩ²š
麵ȷЩ¡
Ϊ⣬ŵˣֻһˡ
û˿ͬܡ
ϲδЩ飬ܸΪƽһЩ麿ŵ̬ȻԴǣոŵٿȻһ˿һƵس
ĸڿ˵Щ飬ΪûзڲĸϡĸȰҲعڻʵ̫֮ϵйһ˿Ϊѣĸ׿ҲںգֻʥʱŲոչ¶һͷϾͺ޲˫ַϣԱģʵڿЦ
Ϊ׼򣬶ɣһ˿һĽޣֻ¾㸲ҲԶˡ
ƽû϶˵ʲô˼ֻͷĸߵƧ֮أԶˣߡ
ϻںУԭŶ˵Щʲôתۿ麴ʱϵ̴飬ںһ£ȥվҲʲôû˵
ȷʵȨƣ˵ϼ䵹ҲˣǳˣѵҲʲô顣
̫ӵ⴮̴黹ϣô˵ҲҪúõš
ϼ麵ûпתأҲûڴߵǰ˼
ڻعŴ·ϣ˿վһԵ΢ԱߵҲһ仰ûⶼΪ˭Ϊ㣬ֵҪô𣿻Ǽ˹ô̫ӵǴ̴鶼ܸҪǻмģ̫ӵ£˵δ̫λþģôһģ
΢ۣصԵ£ԭҲǿĸֺαؼһʱ
ᣬһֱȴҲʲôҲûٶ˵ʲôֻȣ΢Ȼ

ԼеһԵĴصȥǱ߶΢㣬Ҫݾߡ
һ㶣ܿصǡ
һԵĴܺڰеƣһӾע⵽ϻû̴飬ͻȻ֮ǰȻ˵ǸλʮһΪܣǴгȥҲҪʮգôգôЩס
Ӧ̫ӵ´дæջˡ
ܺ˿󣬱ȭ¡ϵǴ̴ֳɸɮģҲֻôһǱߣЩסȡأ۷عһˣᵢʱܿͿȡء
Եִ˼
ʵû״ܺôġ
̫ӵԵĴӾϻͰΪλдˣôܺˣûףͷһ׷ҪҪǴֳû
Ǳߡ
̫ܺӵҲˣλ£ܽ
أ֪ʲôסԼеҴҪ飬Ҳɱ䡣
΢̧̧ۣŷϾǣͻȻ뵽麴ǵŴĳ
ѵòΪѰ
ԭʱӦڹеģֻ룬һΣ뿴麻᲻Լ֪޿ܣǴЩ
ȻֻΪ˻֮ǰ̴飬ôҲԸ
⽫Լ˼Ȧ
̰ɡ
л˵
ߵ飬Ժ̸ľ鿴hhh
~


40 
Ϊǰᵽ˴ǰһЩ, Ϊ麽ʱ򣬲뵽˴ǰһЩ¡
Ͷʮ
֪Լһ빬, ϶ҲҪܵί, , ֻܽҲһͬ빬ǡ
˽ϰ֣ǰӭλǰĳ޽
µȷ˵ǹʣҲûдģֻǲ˼λеֺڼ, լͥǰţϽһ޵ɫ
Į, һ˿һĲ
ۿʰװβŲ̲˻ĪҪٵȥΪãʱ, ǶԷԼ, ڱͷ, ʲô¡
ӷ˷еķ۳, ǴˣӦ֪ô
ֽ̧, Ӧл㡣
ϳһ˿Ц⣬˸ĶԼ׾ٺòˡ롣
ǰҹ, ˾ʹ麽լÿһ߹Ȼ麵Ժ·ֻúһ, , պڹ, ҪȰԼҪλãУǰǰˡ
ΪҪ빬ϲδТ۾ҹɫ֮ҲԵġ
麵˵ͷԺֱǸ֮ǰһֱϣÿԻø˳ЩЩȴû뵽ȴֻС΢ãҪףǿԣҲϣֻЩ岮֪֪治֪ģûа취
ǰҹѾ麽飬ǣһͬ߳լʱ򣬲ʲôɫ
ಽظ˵ֻ̤լʱ򣬻ûסһۡ
ͥǰ仨׷ף羵һߵĺɢŵĹΡ
ӴԺ󣬶ļˡ
빬һ㶼ֻڹŴͣˣ˵Ե۶׼һֱͣ¡
ԣƤЦⲻЦض˵˻Ǻ޻ܸ߼޵ĵټο»ԷģԵĹûĴ
ĬĬԼµש飬ǰһֱ칬ǽץ˵ֺϸ΢һ¡
ÿвʱ򶼻һָʱΪ¡
ǰվڹȴ³ʱʱɫߣ浽ʲô硣
ǵԼıǣһ⹬ǵʱȴûǰ֮еķֻģ񿴲ͷ޾ɫǽƵߡ
麿ʼԼͥǰ滨ʼǰԺлԼֵСѾߣͥǰ㣬ѩ
˵ܻܲȥ֪ܡ
ָϸ΢һ£ȴʲôû˵ֻǵ˵Լ۽ޡ
Ĺ֮УҰ׵שϣȴӭ˼ˡ
̧ͷÿ֮ǰλ̫ӵ£ʱڴƳۣϴ˫ʣʱһشɫ
֮ǰլʱɫĮȻػǰһˣ麵϶Ƭ̡
ߵæ̫ӵ¡
Ե˵ǻӦ
ִҲλ̫ӵ֮ҲЩԨԴڵģæЦŵ̫ӵæū澾Ͳ߶ˡ͸ˡ
ϲδٰ֣ͣܿʹ
λַſ⣬ôһ磬ѵ۴ǰ̫ӵʲôϵڹҲĪҪˣλҪغ̫ӵ£ĪҪʧ
λֵĶ֮У麺Сĵһۡ
λֺͺʺֻ߸棬̬ҲȻ󣬲۵ģ

ڶĻһҹ֮ǰ븵⣬ҲֻôһЩ
ڹеʱΪ˱ӣֻȫԺԼżҲֻԶػһá
ʵ麺֮ǰԺλ̫ӻֵǻԼܲƾŴǰһϵĸ׳ɵ뷨˵ĹȥҲû

⼸նûгţֻڴߵУǰһЩûüľ鶼⼸տһ顣
棬黹һˡ
һ˵ĵطΪȻǲ̤ģǴߵϾƫƧҲûЩϸ֦ĩڡ
֪֮ǰǰ˵ʲôʱԴЩִ٣ֻ麵麣㲻㲮ĸ˵ʲô¾ͼЩĪҪϡ
˴Լִ֣һ´ʱסĵط˵ǹУʵѰСԺ仹磬ο빬ͬס
룬麵ʵСЩ̫ӵ»ǻʺ˵˵㻻ЩԺ䣿
صл⣬ҾþڴˣѾϰˡͷˡ
˵Ҳûжֻ֣ӦҲǣҲҲס˶ˡ
麣ƺЩп֪Щ϶ԹǰЩʱ㲮ĸǰ㣬Ϊ̫ӵµ飬Ѿ˵ˣԺ󲻵Ѱ˵Щеûġǰ飬ϵȷвǣԹҲѰֻϾϵѪΣѪŨˮʲôѵʱʲôʱ򣬶ǰѰ
˵ЩһԵĹñãǲδٶ˵ʲôת뿪ˡ
ǰ̲ס˿麡
ӣȷʵΰֱŴǰ῵ĳģþ֮Уȴǲѵá
ĵܵܣǵ򣴨ӣɾ඼Ӱ֮£ԼֵҲ⣬ԣҪ˶ϿɣȻûмּ޵ġ
ֻЩޣҲѾΌ糤ɢ
ϧˣ׵ҲֻôһӣԼûкúûãڹгôһֱʽ
ȻҲǲֻÿζǿ־õӣϾȻδ֧峤ΪҲĬˡ
°˭˲ο˻ǵ
ֻӣԹҲѰˡ
˭һľҲδرҪЩ
ţڶԼԹҲ޷֮Ҫ޳еʱԼЩ̻Щ⺢˼磬δزס
Ҳȫ˶׵ܵԸˡ
һֱߺǾмȻеҳ˵ϵС̺ϡ
ҳ֮ǴúɵС顣
麸𣬷Լ֮УȻֿ˿Լϵ̴顣
⼸һЩдԣŵ˼Ǹǰ꣬ڶԴߵλշмӡ
⼸յĴߵ˼֣ЩʶֻǲʶشսвǴ֮ǰϵ˼ģǰʣܴ̫ܲӵǰո졣
ЩеС̫СŮŴߵУֻҪԼǰĹһ·
֦˻ȥ
֦һóԸЩһЩСѾС̫࣬ȻҲҲǰ·ˡ
е󲻹ЩֻǱ֮ǰ΢Щѣиţûʲô˸ҲڣҲల¡
ùźֻһյСС𣬴µһСƬ棬˼־⣬ոϨ֮ʡ
ͻȻŵһɺܵѪζ
ǺأȷѪζ
һָӱסĴ
麼úֱԸܵϴϢŷŴǼĺ⣬ԸܵԼķ봹ڱЩȴǸ˵ϡ
ʵ˵̬
̧סǸ˵֡
תȥֻһϮ£Ѱʱ[ۣһϮװѰʱҪ
ʱϣѪζ
麷Ų֪ݣֻϼǴѪζҲЩ̴ζָ䣬Եס麵ĴʱѾ˶Ǹ⡣
ֻǡ
һûлصУڻصУȻǴ˻һǰߵȴȷʵû뵽ġ
Ⲣ³Լݣϴ޵ľɫá
δ
ϸ΢һ죬΢һ£ܿע⵽һŨѪҺ˵ϡ
ǸѪ
ϾҲûеӸҰ˳뵽֮ǰԼ˵Ļֻдʮּ֣ԾԼⲻˡ
΢ǰһܺŵɢζ
֡ˣ
Ц£ֻʵ𣿡
ʵһΪֵ飬ԼҲ֪֮ǳ⣬ԭӦǣ
ֻӦӦҲǣˣܾܲôŸ⽫ϳȥ
οڵ״δؿԷ뿪ܲӴгȥ
ָ˳ܵһƬʪ妣صͷڴԵƬ̣ȥЩɴ
ɫԳִ԰ףȴ˿ʧʣƯԴͻá
麵仰Ժתȥ
ɴм򵥵ҩڵУ麺зңֻǷҵĹ֮УⷢЩ졣
ƫСǰ΢Щ죬֦пܷ
麶Щڵã˶Ỻ»ص޼䡣
´ʱһߵıƸǣκ죬ǾõлްֽűϨĵƻ
ȼյʱ򣬷ϸ΢졣
ƿ޼ţѰСǰ
ǰӳ࣬ƵĵƹüͫʣѰǰ㲻ĸ߸ϣԶٵĻˡ
һݕiĺƤࡣ
麲δòʱɴŸɫؿ̯ǰСӡ
ָ֧ࡣ
ⱾСӣһһ֮ǰӵܵӡ
һֱ̯ʱʱ𻹻ϼʣʱվȻᱻ˿
ԭأȴǡõأϸ̧ߡ
Źζ
Ц⣬ȴֲЦ
л˵
֮ǰĴأãȻ׼ҩɴأ
~


41 
˼ԭӦ֪, Ǵʱֱ׵̯ǰȻоһ߳ܡ
ɴ΢˽ȴͻȻָСߵһ, , ӹ, Ҳظö˼˼ǡ
ЦЦ̧ۣ麵ǾãСһˡ
麰·ɢ˼, Ĭؾ˾֣ȻеɴԼ, ˵ĳȡ
صлֹġ̰࣬ȻôλȻ󡣡
Ц, ûᡣ
û˵Щ, ԻЩ, ֻǾмֲԡ
Ը, ǻϢĵˡ
ȥҶ֦Աߵƫ֮, ЩǰѯʵЩԿڽ͡
΢˵ۡ
Ҳֻϣ, Ժܾ뿪ˣҲù˵ЩԵġ
ɴϻһ£ֵơֿɡ
ָԶס, һֻ֧, ֻǴһɫ, δκһʹࡣ
ǵѪΧĵѪζҲδܲˡ
ʵҲ֪Ϊʲôûлص˴ߵȻһЩ򵥵İҲֹЩȻЩҽ
ֻһʱҲ߲ˣܲؿ˶֮
̧ۣǱͻˡ
Сϣеӳζ̬ݵؽԼϵ£ŵһԵСϡ
ʱֻһ򵥵Ľۣڵƻӳӳŵɫǰ󴦵ĿԲʯʱ½󴦡
մһɫĽۣƶɫĽ֮УʵȫȻ塣
ֻǼͷʪ妣ܿó˺صˡ
麺̾һָǰĿȴȻǽ⣬ָеɱأв䵽ľߡ
ָĺͻ𴦡
оĺͻỬһ¡
ʵҲûпֳֻ֮УڴߵС
ôκһ˿ȴΪʱĺ䣬һ˿޵
ԭڵ׼ޣԴµķδȫɢһ࣬ʱһգԳůɫĹ
ǰ󴦵Ŀʵѽ⣬ָⳢŽãҲδ⡣
̧ۣһԵƷŵøΪЩϸ˿ȣָʯԵĳֽһ£ڽ⿪ϵĽ¡
̴ζϵ
麸ղŴյеʱȵĺļ࣬ƮƮļϴһ¡
һζĴС
ļů񣬷ŵɫĿбӣüӽ˿ڼĸɺϵѪռȥ
һֱˣ麲ſʱϵ˿ڡ
ǱʲôᴩǼʸֻǻ-ʱѪȵϢ
ʱѪδֹסֻܵˡ
麺ϸýȥѪգ̽˿Χʶʵ𣿡
仰ʱǡöϸߣڵĮͫīɫ֪ʧԣֵܿǰʧԡ
ûΪĶһ˿һرɫֻǿн䱸ĶɫʵüȻ¹£ΪʲôԶԹ²ܲˣ
ô˵ûдֻҪڶһ£ҽʦǰΪҽΣԶԶֲԼ
ȻҲ֪
ֻʱȻ˴ߵǶͼôȻžܾҲǲС
ҩ˿ڴСصڶԻֲܲˣǻ˳ʲôأܵǣһݸ߹ֻҪһ£ѵвӵأ
С˵еϵѵ̹ϡ
ܷⴽ̧£áá
ͻȻһ仰һ٣һüӼһ·еɴ࿴һƣæݶˣգʲô
ֳһԣԳ¸һƬӰȥЩˡôúܵĹ£
ɴָ˳Ȼ飬ҲȻĿĺÿ
·Ĵ˳⣬ɫӳ£ɢŵĹΡ
麵ָļͷ΢ЩȴַǴ޵¶ȣļһ롣
ָ䴹ӣʵô˵
ظһ飬ҲᵣĹô
麽еɴͷ˿ڴɫֲҵֳͬʱǴΪãǳ񣬵ĻֵİΣӦ
òʲôȱ©ȴؽϵɴһһƺãĩ˴һܺÿĽᡣ
ٴȷ˲ʲôԺ󣬶ŸѾˣߵмªȲ̫ҽԺҽҲֻǲݲݰһ£ΪֵİΣֻ֮ҽٻҩһαȽס
ߵˮԱߣˮϸؾһ֣֮ǰõļɴպá
Ÿ⣬ɫѾˣˣӦЩЪϢΪá
ﻰ˼ǸϿˡ
ԭľԺӦͻ뿪ߵˣϾߵƣֻҲϰªĵط
麻䣬ٿЦ£վþù½ǰֻΪνİ𣿡
ϵ[۰볨¶׵ļʱһȻѹȸС
ʵǻΪʲô
ۣѹеͣ²¡
ϲȥ²⣬Լȴʤȯյģ
ָһ£֮ǰԼеֳϢģָ֣Ÿ֣Ŵֳַŵġ
Ϊ⴮̴ľֳֶ
֮ǰһʱôһ£ΪʱͻȻıƽŻȻ⴮ֳֻԼ䡣
һ㶣ֳָ们һ£ûдϣֻЦŶ麵ǡ
룬ˡ޶ۡ
ֲһ̴飬롣ǲǻǷŹµġлûл
л
̧۾ΪŹ⣬ֻܿһļΪ΢½Խ麵֮С
ܶ𰸣ȴû뵽νл
ԡϻƣͻȻسڴߵΪνл
麷Ųžָ֣һӨˮ˳ڵ֮ϡ

ʱֻдɫ⣬죬뵽ǿƵ룬ôϢľмʱ⡣
ǿԤԡ
۽޺زһ£̧븵ӡ
ƮƮҡҡԼϣīһɫͫʣʱɫԡ
ѡ
ֻ
̧ۣ֪
Ӱƣ麵Ķáл񵢸ãҲˡ
ס麵ϥ䣬ֵĵطڵŴ麴ʱľľʵţľʧ޵ĳ¾Ϣ麵ĸ֪
ʼǸӾ׼ôˡ
һֱΪʦ
ÿһϵˣ̾յĻ档
һʼ֪ż޳ȥģҲףֻȻǲɱشĵ
룬ʲôطãȥﶼԣֻҪߡ
ڲڹǶԣ̫ݣԶġ
ںͷβûжƬĶ
ԣǲƵ̫ӵ£δĴδˡ
ⱾϵʸûС
ֻΪûûУԼףҲԣڼʱֹ
Ǵںܶ鶼ֿɵãֻΨ޲ߡ
ԵۣīһͫʣʱӳԼӰ
ľţʱ޿ˣϸĲһ۾Ͷϣīɫķ˳ش
ذ׵½ǣȴܺؿʱΪţǰ΢Щ
Ŀʪ󣬴ʱƵӳա
伸
ٿ
ûһ˿һӦĵ롣
ǴһЩͽζһû˼ֽ麵Ĵݼ䣬̸ᡣ
һԭһָʶһǰˣȴ˿ҵ֣ȴ۹ͷѹľ֮ϡ
ʵίʵ˵Ǽҡ
жһ㵭ˮû뵽Ȼڣû˿ĴϢᡣ
ŷųݶˣ̧ۿŸ⡣
Ϣ΢еңỺѹԱ졣
һƣֻá
౻ȵϢϣ麺еһ£һϸ΢ı仯Ҳûӵù۾ʱ룬֮ǰҪΪЩ
ÿһ磬Ϣ
麵ĸй١
麵ϥ䱻סֱֻͷһֻ˳˳ǣͣļĦš
һ£ϸܵĸܴĵطһһ麵ĸй档
ɢϢ硣
ֻñÿһİս˿˿ƵǣԼʱ룬̧۵ʱȴ˸ϵۡ
֮ǰȫȻдݶһΣظоˡ
ڶ顣
֪̲סһָȴóʱĲרģٿȻۣ´Ϻҧһ£ѵרġ
ӣ
ָļĦţԸоָϵĸд⻮ߡ
βǰǰ㻹һͽζͻ˺ܶ࣬£Ȼ˹ĵĴ
ϸ΢֮У˴ķľ죬żȸ麻ظоԶ˲ڵϲȹ죬ҡǴӴߵдġ
֦Ǻ
ֱס뿪ѣԽԽѡ
ȻزˣĿľػȴֿĳݶˣͷϸһǡ
£
֦
ŵƣʱУҲЩ졣
ֻ֦һ֮⣬ɫ麶ܴŲ²õΪʱž·ңǸԼϵָʱϸһǡ
ź˵ҶŶǵ£Ҳûй⣬вδʲôֵǮĶҲ޷ҹǰҷйȻǱ˷ҹǵ·ųȥ𣿡
ȴӦ
֦ѹЩֻûָߵһ£졣
֦ŴʱڵľţЩԾеʲôԾûס
ľϸ΢Ĳ˳ŵļһӵȫϸĲ˶Լ
֦̽ʵ£
һֱʱ򣬲Żس룬ָ麴ʱĴüЦ¡
麴ʱûй˼ǰĸ⣬ǿѰһֻصҡ޼ûвˮˣҹȥЩˮ
֦ŶһҲûж˵ʲôֻ˵ԭ´עЩ౸Щˮ޼䡣
ЬĦשʯ棬֦룬ź֪ؾмֲԾ۷ʵµſڣûЪϢ𣿡
̧ۿŸ⣬˿ûκεĽŸУֻϴЩЦ⣬ϾؿԼ
һûбֵĽȸС
صԭ׼ЪϢˡֻ֮ǰǰȥһˣſھ֣ʱˣЩȥЪϢɡ
֦ϾҹҲѰʱ򣬴ʱþԣǱû£ҲЩЪϢ
Զȥ
һΪŵ飬ʪģźǱ۸˵ӡ
󻹱ľ֮ϣҲľţ֦ߵŵʱϸ΢Ĳ˳ļɢ֡
֪߳Ժ֮У֦׷ȥʵǲ֪𣬾͸ôһ㱡ľ壬ȴһ
̧ۿԼǰˣʱͫʴŰɫѰʱǰ㵭Į׼˵ʱ򡪡

л˵
˭лô²д
ã
~


42 
۾, ָȴ׼ȷصֽ麵ָ䣬ѹľ֮ϣ֮ʮָۡ
һֻԭľ, ȴڴʱ˳», ϡ
麱Ų, ǡ
ϥ䱻סʱԵһţػӦһ¡
һ㣬ƺ
Ȼҵ
ָ͡
ס, ԭ΢Ҳеɡ
ŬƽһԼϢ, Ϊŵ飬˳һԵķ΢Եеɢңʱˮӯӯ, ɫյ, ɫ²Եĳˮ
лѾˡĿڴһζ, ʱͣһ, ղ˷ֻн𣿡
֮ǰڶʱ, ˷нΪɣδԸڴߵ, ˷ǿԵĻտһ˰, ҲһȫȻĻ¡
ָס, ſ˿ۡ
ԭֻ޵ط, 麵Ļָ΢սʮָ۵ָҲ֮һ۽
ѹһϸ΢ĴϢĿؿԼǰˡ
ʪĿ⣬ɢҵķǱԼǳģʱɵ˼ȴס
٣޹鰮
ָʮָۣȫȻȦڻУȴȫȻΪԼǰƿء
Ų֪顣
ⴹֻ̧Цɿ̧֣һеҵޱߡ
յȷ޽ɡ
Ƶֽ˾䣬ֻǿϧҪûʧˡ»ȫ˻Ը
ָ麵ķ䡣
麼ڻ֮ǰһΣ⻰Ҳ޶ٲ죬ֻǴµ۽޲һ¡
ڴʱٿ̧۽ޣּȻҪлʱȫȻ
ǰڡ
ȫȻģ
ָסĴеͣϴ޵Ц⣺Ҫлް١ʳЩģС
շòؼһʱ
ĻЦ׽ŪһĿ
ֻ˵ǺãȻЦȴ˿ĵġ
ʳܡ
֪
βǺ죬ԼߣȴڸĿ֮жã۽ţ峺ͫڴʱصӳŸӰ
ȫȻֻʣһˡ
ͻ»һ£ʱϸ΢Ρ
еϲŭ
ڴֻߴżգ⣬٣Ϊˡ
̧ɿ̬Լǰ󴩺ãָһһؿ۽׵ļڽ֮¡
麲֪ΪʲôֻǼ򵥵Ĵ£ȴΪʱĶϼɫ
ֳ²ƴԼ䣬ϴľʵ㣬麵ǽվͻΪ°ˡ
̧麽Щ޸ƽ麶࣬л񣬹Ҳϲ
ԼҪģвϲĵ
֮ǰھⱼôãһֱȵ˳ԼǰʵԵ㡣
*
ʱĹУܺļ٣ϻҩŴصȥˣϻˣôŽһӾƲˣ
϶ЩѲǵʲôҪ£ʲôҪ£ѲɱƻҪΪҪЩ
صһ⣬ӦȷʵҪ£Ͳٵˡ
ܺɴ۾ָȻһ£ǸƿǼᴩͷôܲģȻգʵϡ棬һ㶼ĵµİΣ˵Ҳ֣ϵǵ죬ΪԼ΢ЩȻ̫ӵ¶ˣѲǲҪ˲ɡ
صǲʮֽǵģֻд㣬Ͳˡ
ܺӵǲδٵʲôֻͻȻ뵽֮ǰһ⣬ڸɲڣܺˣʵλʮһ麣ڵµǸʲô
һۣˣصأ
֪ڻ㣿ܺͷҸڵҲˣǵһƼ¶˭⣬Ҫ˵ǶϲɣҵҲûŵ¶ǸôɫҪ˵ǲϲΪʲôҪ̴Ǹ
ܺʵеûס
СΧƵĴ඼ӣʲô鰮ʲôһ֪⣬ʱҲǵ沢֪ĿеضһԵĴؿ
ǣŴܺԵҲ֪·ԸλʮһصʱмǶЩҸڵôˣ˹λȴΨһһ⡣
ǿɲˣǵ·ϵˡ
ػ䣬ԶԶԶ죬Ϳǰ
ܺʱӭȥ˿֮ǰ˿ڣŶǱˣֲַֻܴڣǳԹҽֻ֣һδ
ɫʲôֻű֮ǰʱ˼ζ
ܺʵ·Ųȥ룬ջûʳڣ˸תֱ˻ȥ
ص󣬴ʹٺҽڵڣʱ˳һԣ˻ǰ
̧ۿ˿ʱվǰҽֿ˿վһԵĴء
ǰ͵֮ǰ˼ˣֻذγʸҲûĴµĵ²ƣ̫ҽԺҽŰ¿
ⲻ֪뵽ʲôֻ¡
µѾˡ
ܺʱǰǻԲص֮ǰмһֱδҽǰƣ󣬻ӦҽϸΪãĪҪʲô
㣬ȻҲͬǰȷ
ҽǰ渵ʱƽȣǲʲô
ҽƬ̣Ըƽȣʲô쳣ֻҪϸһĻϵƻҪ¹ƣ¶ۡ
ԭҽĻ̧۾
ҽԭƸ˿ڣȻ˲ȵء
ҽλ̫ӵµĶ֪Ϊʲôܾڻʲô
ҽֶ£ŸǴֲڵİʵûףʲôñġ
Ȼ⻰Ҳֻ룬Ȼзִ磬ûеʳ˼
*
ߵдʱ̴ζ
Ȼֻǳ˲δжãȴе뵽ȫȻǽ̬ͻȻ뵽ִⲻϷŹԼôԼ֮ǸףǷС
ֻǵڣ̸ЩҲʵ޹
Ͼһʼһƿʤľ棬ɱᣬһ˵
ûĳ롣
վڴߣƿ뻣оķ绺޼ڣɢһдŵϢ
վڴã˲Զҳ
תֻΪŵķζµСӣҲڴʱ
߹ȥⱾӻӦպΪãձ⿴ȻǱ˴֮Ӧ֪̲סе⡣
ϾЩԭ֪Ĵ㣬ڱ˿˵׵
Ѱ޼֦ͺ󶼲룬һʱҲû뵽ջãɿⱾӡ
ȻⲢδ˵ʲôʱϵЦ⣬ȴʵ̸ġ
ֻǸƤ࣬žĶǵĹȴ˿۵ס
߽׼ⱾպõʱȴⱾӺ˸Ķ
ֻ汻˶д˼֣ЩӵܵԱߣּʵд䡪
⡣
֮ǰɾһͬⱾϣԳָĻ
֮ǰĿؿⱾӵʱҲû뵽Ȼ棬дԼ֡
ּʶзǣ麵ּԼСּȥμ
ԭ¼ԵĻһЩӵܵϰӣ©ʱԱߣҲһΣ
ƷгڣΪ䡣
л˵
Ԫ֣~



43 
ֽҳԼС
󸵻⵽ʲôɫⱾд仰, ȥɴʱֻʱ
ˣֵȷһ䡣
ǶԼ, ˶, Ψ
Ȼ֪λ߹ĻִǶԼ, ʳ֮УֵĶ
ʱǸԼ˵ȢԼ, Ļ, ȴײ
˵ԸģҲͬԡ
ֻ, ܵͬ
һ, Ȼ˭ס
ǶԲɵ֮, ֻԼֿɵõе, ãȻѰͬ
ڵĸԼİٰ, ᲻Ծ
ɳУһֱ׼
ɻ䣬û, ǹǽ֮ɰ֮һ
պʱʱѡ, ԲһʼͲȥġ
ڹдԸ, Ȼ˵, ֵȷ䡣
ΨԲǡ
ָҳϺƻɢīּûٿֻתϵСպ÷Уߵߡ
һҹΡ
⼸նգ޼ıóȥɹɹϴʱ̧֦麣Щʵ½ջ˿֬
麲δ⣬ֻҡҡͷδ
ѰĴɫͺ󣬼ǲÿ֬Ҳ˿Եò԰ףһ֦Ҳֻ֪ϸƣǾý麴ϵĴɫеˡ
ִ֦һͭδã¿Լ
ͭճ麵
ģӳУ麿ԼĴһ˲䣬Ȼ뵽յ׷ʲô
Ҳ֪ԼĴɫΪԡ
ѹ͵ĴϢߣξʵ顣
ڣɫ
ǰһ֦߳ͭյķ룬ִһΪ⼸΢ϻЩ
֦Ҳûж룬ֻ֮ǰŷʱҶûʲôȽĲʳϻȻֻС£ǻǵöעܻ𡣡
ȴǡʱ˽ƼڵУ£Ѱ
ѰĴߵҲûжǰ̧ۣʵ˭
ϸһ·˵ţŶλԼгǰģ˵Ǿ¬ϡ
麻һ£λʲôӡͽ˹ǣֺ빬⽻ʣȻǴǰڹʱЩ飬ҲΪ̫òϵ
λ¬ϣҲֻ֪ţʲô
⼸ǰߵеĴŶʲô£һߵĺȻпͣǱɡ

ߵ⣬һλĸ߸λȹŮ
ϵǿʲôɫֻŵĳɫ߸ŵŮз޷ޣСһԵĸ˵ǻҲ𣿾ȻҪ󴫳ȥֻһ涼ûˣ
Ů𣬡Ҳ֪ⲻֻһûʲôļٹˣαء
˺ֹŮĻ⣬ѹЩʲô⣿̫ӵ⻹⣿̫ѡҲЩˣֽ¿˳ȥȻǵʱ㳤ѡ㿴㸸Ĳĵ㡣
˻䣬ת麴ӵг
΢һ㶣ºúøпһµ˸òվԼһԵŮЩɸ֡
ĹŮȻǶ࣬ǼҲĵһ˫ҲùԼоռԭž̫λÿЩòȣҲи֮ģôԼҵŮϵġ
˭룬ǽ磬ԼŮǳôһ׮
ǸⲻƽϻãǵƽֻҪǣԼҵĴŮ
Ը˼ȥЩŮǰͬλ麵ǸϾ
ԭⴺߵʱֻţ̫ӵ´ֻΪ˻ǣֻǴǰЩ¡
ϾҲ㲻ʲôܣһΪʦΪڵ̫ӵ¶λŮշЩҲѰ
ֻ߹ʱ򣬻ⲻ˶롣
Ͼλеʮһʵ̫Щ
ϾǵĹ󸾣Ȼ˼תϵҲȻǲԣ˿߹ϴźƵЦ⣬λʮһ°ɣ治ڹнϻϣҲȻΪµȣǹŮԱ⡣
Զ˶٣վһԵŮǰƣżŮǰЩʱЩĦʢҲ⡣ŮѰʱ򶼱Щ߶ˣôһӣǣ֮ЩСĦĪҪΪá
֮ǰԶԶ֮ǰλŮʹŲµǽյ⡣
ֻںɲɵڸعʱǰȻǲ˵Ҳ֪ٻǴżֿ⡣
ҲѰٶЩʧӣʱȻϣЧΪ
麲һŮȻֲҹŮԵŵǸڴ˷̫ӵͶϣԳĿġ
д֪еϵʵ޶⡣
ʵڵƾ踵λйŮͷһûбӻȻҲûʲô˼ɣǸ˱ӵĹ֮ʵЩʣ˵ñ䡣
֮ͬǰǳһ㡣
̧վԼߵŮλŮ̧ۿ˿麣ѹе֮ͣǰе飬ûпڳԡĪҪƽϣд
˵⻰Щģ֮ǰʢ˵ӣǴྶͥ
ʵв޶ټƽϣϾйŮҹӸиȦӣһӲȥżҲѰ
λŮʱѰʱ齿ߣʱֱǹʹˣڱߵǸҲǱŹġ
޷ֺøֶΰˡ
ЦЦԸ˵С£˶ǣȻ㲻ý𡣡
ϵЦҲʱ΢Щæʵˡǲ֪̫ӵǱߡ
ָֽܿȥ֮ǰŮǷҪǳײ̫ӵ£ֻǹҲ֪Ǳߣ룬ȻҲûǰȥ߶̫ӵ£ֽǹµϣлĻ¿̫ӵǱԼ䡣
ʹ˸ɫ֮ǰվһԵŮæǰŵĶٹͷ麵ǰ
֦һֱңңں󣬿ϵĳ񲼣۾΢
ЦŶ麵ǰ߶ŵ£֮֮ǰǵĦʵЩⲻȥұЩǰ£Цɣ󲻼ǰӣܿҼŮ
ŵҩζ
Щϡҩģ˲߳ݣ֮дõóֵĶȻǲʲôòֵġ
麲û׼գֻܵл˺⣬ֻ޹»һЩС¶ѣЩҲ¡
˼ȻõˣȻû׼۷˴ȥȻҪ˵ⲻϡ
һԵŮǰ˼ȻǸȻظǸģȻǼŮ飬ôҲӦġ²ƴǣ°ɡ
˵Щû̧ͣߵŮһͬ뿪
Ů֮ǰ֦ϣ֦۷⣬ָ΢ز
ϾܱóΪģΪͷȻֻܡ
֦֦
£֦ӦһϡҩĵϢѹĶ˵ҲֵǧʵǴֱʣĶ˵;Ȼ˳ȥ
麻ȥȥ
ΣȻǸҲ븵йأöǣӦȥ
ЩҩԼʲô;
֦Ŷ˵䣬麵ɫαԺګګǰ׷ȥ
ŮȥʱŮԥƬ̣뵱յĳ̲סСס̫ӵ̻λʮһѵֻΪǰЩ𣿡
Ϊ̫̫ĲֻǰλˣȻһλ˳̫̫ȴҲδ̫ӵ¶λ̫Ůշ
£ȻҲղ
ԼŮɫתʵʲô
ɫ΢Щ⻰ĪҪ㳤
˸˸Լϵ壬ŮĻҲδʲôֻǲΪǰǵԨԴҲҪ̫λãôܳڷλϣֻҪס㣬㹻ˡ
̻ΣݲΪҪġ
ֻ̻ݣȻ㲻ʲô

վڵŴ׼صʱ򣬴ͻȻϢس˴ߵǰ档
ؿ˿ǰ麣ִһޱصܼˣӦҩˡǰ֪£ùʱǰȥһ˶
麷Ų׼صȴڴʱǡöϴصߣһʱûзӦ
Ϊ಻ڵаҩȴû뵽Ѿص˶ȻҪԼǰȥҩ
ĵ
˼Ƭ̣صּҽԣֺǰȥҩ
ɫ䵭תĻ˵̫ҽԺҽ¾֮ͨ᪻»˵Ժá
΢˶٣ܿӵϵơֻɹ¿
л˵
ã
~


44 
дʱȼŻƵĵƹ, Ե֮̽ϣɫˮ
סڱǺݺݿ˼£ý˴, , Ŀ֮иŭɫ, ɿݵָݺ߬סһԵͷ֣ɳɤӵӣʵǵ죡
æΪԵ˳οɲô̫ӵʵЩ̫ΪЩ, ΪӣֱԽ˱ȥ, һԵؾͽһ峭˼ңʵЩ˵ȥ
Ҳ˵ҳǮ, ˵Ĵ, ȫȻһ˾, û˿Ե۲ֵ˼
ϲǿܻʵ, ʵҲܻʵ۲ʲô
ԵڴֺݺݵؿжǳصĿ, ڵС
Ե۳ѾãգҲ˿ûмá
ס, סΣɳɤʵӣ̫ҽԺǱߵô˵ģ
̫ҽԺȺ˾ôܸ˵滰, ñ½, Ҫ͡
Щȥ˵, ö϶˼ˡ
Ե۱Ϊ˳ӵת£οҽǱȻ˵µԳ֮꣬ţܵްʱ΢ЩȵģͷȻˡ
Ե۵˵ͷûٶԡ
ָڷĥĥתʵ̫ôûǰſּɣ
´˸ͻЦ̫ӵ¹·΢ЩĪҪżūȥȥʡ
䣬ͻȻ˼ϸɤ
£̫ӵڵ
Եֵ͵Ϳ˼һʱûӦãǾҲˣƵ
мžƬֵ̣͵͵
̤ƽĲӵ߽̬ʣվԵǰԹƽǰԵ۵μʡ
ԵһŷŵԼǰӶڸǰĵϣ̫ԭ֪ĸʣϵֽѾˣ޾ȻҲֻǲ֪Ϣ˭˼˲Ҫ˵һ̫ӵͨ졣
Цһߪ幣ô֪Ҳ˸徻ˡ
Ե۲ߪһ˶ѣ˭֪Ȼ˳̰īͻ˽飬⾩емûЩģҪ飬鲻
˵Ϸļɻ䣬ű
ľѳۣ˵Ի⣬˸պҲǲ
Ե֪Ϊ˭
ⷬ˵ǲڵ飬ʵھѡ
Եüͷ𣬸˵ͻȻִͨ
¡̫ڵ
̫ãΪ飬ٴе񣬴˷ͻȻ⣬ȷʵټ
Եȴֽ֪̫񵽵Ϊʲô
̫ĸ壬µڸһУǰѰ
ֻǡ
ԵɵƸ⣬һɤӣԱߵ̫лȥֽ̫ЩҪ£֮ǰگ̫
̫ǰȻҲǲ֪ڻ֪ˣҲδػʱǰ
Ӧǣһе̴ͻȻԼУ΢еɢ̴ͫ飬
ЦЦТΪȣ̫ѸߣֽȴǴӳگиʲôҪ£ô̫Ϊյڵ⣬ʵϡ
е̴ն
Ϊѣųɵʱ򣬴ǵЩסǰ̫Щϵɤҵǿ˭Űҡ
ʥ²֮ǰӦʰҵ飬²Ųգ并һû䲻̸ֽ϶ҪʥϽ񡭡
̫Ͽ£ɫشӵ߽ʱеľʱ򣬲ŽδĻ˻ȥ
̫Ƭ̣Ŷϸ̫Ҳڡ
ЦЦֻ̫ĸ
̫ѾãǱܹ飬ֽΪʱձҵϣԼĸ塣
ȻѾöûٴе飬ҲʵЩסǰúϷĵʲô顣
̫ԼеӣԼϢ
Ƭ̺תվһԣЩɢĸ⣬ҽռȻǰͲʲôˡ̫Ӧ֪ҽյΪʲôǰ̫ӵһĸ̫ӵ½ܺúͬ˵
岻Ȼ£֮˽ȻҲǲʵģǸΪʲôҪϿ
ɱӺϾ̫ĸ壬ôҲӦ֡
ϴ޵Ц⣬ʵҲδһ˿һıɫֻصĸϵ飿
̰īȣ˽ں󣬰յӦսɼҲƣǧ
зõŴȱ̴飬˵Ļȴʵ̸Ǵȱ
̫ԣԼ̸ӣ̲סһ
žµĻף̫˵ЩҲҪ̨˵ʵҲ㲻ʲô¡̫ӽϿΪŮҲһĸ̫֮ǰδԨԴ
Եԣֹ
Ҳ֪Եɣ˿ʱ̫󣬶ͷһϸܵĺ顣
̬ʵذе̴飬΢£̫̬ģ֪ΪΣ̧
ĸŹ·Źһ
̫ʵԵĸǼ̺ԵҲм飬Ҳֻ΢ȥѣ̸ʲô硣
˵Ƭ̣˵ͷ
Ⲧһ̴飬һ̫󣬵û仰ֻʵĸ֪ʵΪʲôִҪߪֶ𣿡
̫ԣеٿȻڵϡ
е֮ϵԵֿۣ˿⡣
ԵΪʲôҪߪ幣Ȼûʲô˱̫ҪΪһЩ
־صҲûжٻңŸٳǨΪƷйˡǲǰҵֶӣǲǳϣʲô
̫ٳȴǡһʣֱԶԵῶипλǰϹŮϻϡ
ڵ޳گϵϵߪ
û˱ȸ֪еΪʲô
Щ飬ֻǲ֪ǲƽϡ
̫ΪԵ۽ףЩ˽飬βȴû㣬ˡ
ʲô鶼ˣǹ麵ģȴܡ
ôЦЦֳִصԼ֮ϣЩ飬û𣬵ǲûмƽϡ
ڣĸ֪ô嶼ûѡƫƫֻѡϿ𣿡
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ãŽ䴨صĻеԥ
Ҳδѧʲô֮᪻ȻȲ̫ҽԺ֮еҽ뵽ʱɫʵ棬ȴ̲ס뵽˸ϵơ
齱ãԭ׼ЪϢЩʱָȴͻȻ˷һߵǱСӡ
ʵˣʱһ̴ζ
ָּ΢ɼ뵽ԼΪҩʱ˵ǰأȴҲֻĿؿԼ
Щϸ΢ĸдԭӦʱȴֲʱ˵ռȫ˼
ܾãռȻ˵ˣ㵱治ҽҩ
ԭ⵽ô룬ȷҲ麲ʲôϵֻ˿̱űȴʵڲʵ˵ơ
ȥ˿ɫֻɫ£֦ϵ滨䡣
麳ӣ齱ߡ
ô˵ȷԼܶΣˡҲԼеϵǰȥֻһЦٻصǡ
˾һ򶼺ٻٹ˼ǣ˾һ۴ɫȻس˵
ߵǰʱκˣܿ͵˶⡣
һֱµĵƻʱ麻ǾԼٶʵ̸ǣٻѵ飬ǽ²Żѡ
ʵǲӦ
վڶ⣬˼һڵ߬߬µ׼۷صʱ򣬴ȴͻȻϢس麵ǰ
Ȼһṫ¹ģҲ޹Ĳ죬ֻǹ£̫ӵѾڵڵˡ
ʱĶ޵ڵƻδϨȻѾʱҹҲȻ̬ɢСϣָһöӨĺӡ
ָģԵָ޳
ŴĶ̧ۿ˿Զվŵ麡
á򥣬
л˵



45 
վԭ, ֻһ΢Եõ
һϸ΢Ĺɫͥǰת˲
ĴѾȻϢߣʱտĶ޵֮, ֻʣ븵ˡ
һеۻ, ʱ֪ԼǰӦһõľ, ȴʱ
һֱվ麿ŸھԼԶĵطӼAź֪Լоʵе׵
˳۽¸һƬӰĻʱ, ̧˵ĵطһζ
ȥ̬΢ԵеɢѰʱҪΪЩ̻
߹ȥ, ýˣſ壬ʱŵ֮ǰԼĵǸ塣
ԳȫȻ侲ģ, Ÿǰ, ֮ǰ˵Ļҩ
̧, תһ, ̧
ֽ֮ǰӷŻش֮, ½Գ̬
麳Ƭ̣ǰȥߵǰ, Թָ½
֮ǰڴߵ⿪½ʱķһ򣬴ʱǵڶ, ԶƵһǰ㲻, ӨĿָֻƬ, ׾ٵؽ⿪
麸ڸľ࣬ٿȻʱ΢һЦ
ã˶٣⿪µ½󡭡ͦ
ָס뵽˵Ķо̣̲ס̧۳ַһ£̫ҽԺҽȫɹʹǰĸǲ֪αǰ㻻ҩ
Ǵʱӣ麵Ŀ񼫴ɫȴü
֮ǰѵû˵
̴ľȦ֮ϣԵеɢȻΪ¾̫ҽԺҽҽտҡ
ⲻ˲ܵ麶ӣϲ˽
Ц麣ͻˡ
Ҳֻǻ򵥵İ̸ʲôҽտ
麴ʱ֪ôӦĻֻĬؽ⿪½󣬿˿յ˴
Ȼδҩ
ͷ˿ڹȻ֮ǰԼõģͷĽᶼǱ޶¡
յڣȷδֺ麴սһŵɴɢŵĴߵڵѬ㡣
ֽ̧⿪ͷɴΪϹҩѪȻѾȫȻֹסˣԵѪ裬ȥ΢Եеɲ
׵ļϣ͸ΪԵôĿġ
麽ǰȫȻֻΪ֮ǰһʱ嶯δҩɴ
Դʱ˿˿ڣƬ̣Сֻҩһʱûдҩɴǰ
ʱ볨½Ļڶзһ£ͽҩɴݸ麡
Լƺ񲢲⣬̬Ҳе⣬ֻĿ⻹麵ϣδԶ롣
յ˿Ѿ裬ΪͲδٴЩѾƤһ
ܵıϾǼˣȻѾεʸҪõøЩĻҪҩҪϵ˿ںúһ£ҩͰ
֮ǰΪ뿪ߵӦҽٺúһ£û뵽һֱͱģһֱڡ
ָڸļᰴѹһ£ϸ۲һƵĻָ״ϵơЩȬĻӦһ£ֻͿĨҩĻ»ҪЩʱա
ʵʲô£Ȼ麲ҽϲЩ飬ЩҲ漰ԵҲʲô
ֻϵ˿Ѿ裬ʱĻڵܼʱʹ
븵ֻǻֽѾһգĻֻʹ̣ôرЩҩ
Ļüͷ
麺ܿزϸ΢˿⣬ͻȻ뵽һܣ̽ʵ֡ηࣿ
ʲôˣмûߵ̫ӵ£ѩɼһ㲻ɸʵˡ
һˣȻηࡣ
麲֪Ϊʲôʱ΢üͷѰǰ߸ϣһɹӽʵʸС
üһЦ⣬ӳŴʱҡҡ׹ɫ
򥣬ЦĻֱһ
̹麵е˼ڽ͵ηʵҲ˼䳣£Ͼζʵ㲻ʲôõζʱԿΪ£ȴ˶Լٵ飬˳Ķֻ࣬ǳڼȴý鵱δǺ£Ͼ˽ıܣӦû˸Ǹʳζˡ
ԭͲǱک£η࣬ʵҲѰ¡
ֳֻһԣۿ
麻ʱֹס뵽Լ˵Ļ̧ۡ
˽ƫãȷûǸʳζˡĿϣܻĸԸ
նִҲĸԸ
£֪Լ⡣
߶üƴһϸܵĸд
ֻʱܿߣ뵽֮ǰĻֻתϵ˵ȷҪһ£ڿôرҩ˿󣬲ܻҩ
ָһԵСߵ¡
²ϲҩζ˶٣ңҲô鷳
˵仰ٿֿ̧ס麵򥡣
ȥ
Ķֻת˲֮ʣûиκηӦʱ䣬͸оϵϢǵضϯȫôĸ֪
֮ǰϻҩʱڿС
Ȧ֮ϣ麰븩ǡ
ʱһƬ֪Ż˼
ϲҩζ
ô鷳
ԣķʽֹʹ
̧麵ĺ˳Ҫһֻֿס򥣬Ƭ̡
麴ʱۣܿ۽һƬ衣
ֹʹķ麴ʱ˲ãݶ˱ʱ˿
Ϊ˼ŸϵƣԷˣֻԺ֮дǷХԺ֮ǽһƬŵȫȻûа취ȥ˼
ָļ΢ʹһ麽²ȣһӵϡ
ʱҲǼǵ˿ڣܿƣĻС
Ϊδס򥣬ֻתָûķ䣬סľ󣬲ֺ
΢ĦҲʱ޵ķŴ
̧΢˳ţȴ⽫УֹסҵĶ
ԭҲֻ뻻ҩѣû뵽Ȼһ
Ǵʱĺʱȵĸ֪һѸʱ븵֮Ļơ
֮һܵ顣
֪̲ס΢һ¡
˵һǶۻ𣬿Ǵʱ븵֮䣬ȴеò
ڽδʱΪΪ˾̾˶ҲͬþԽȴֲʱ˵عϵΪ˳С
룬һ֮֮žʲôǣ
˫ֿ̧ۣĲ̽
סľԺ󣬲᳷룬Ŀؿ˿Ƭ̣Ķͷ¡
Ѿֹʹˡ⣬ͻá
ֹʹķʽҲδš
麴ʱĻУܸܵȵ¶ȡ
ʵҲǹ𣬿˿̣ȴʵ̸ǿ˿ڵĳ̶ȡ
ٿȻĿûڸϣֻ֮ǰһֱԼеҩС֮ϣһҽûͬ˵ȻӦʳ嵭𣿡
Ŀڶڻһ£ûڸϣֺؽ˾䣺ʵǲ
Եֹʹ
ʱǰɿΪŵĶϵЩ壬ɿϡ
ûйϵƣٿȻվ
ûпҲܲӰԼϡ
±ˡЦ£ֻǻã½ȡᡣȻҪֹʹ⡭
ȥһ˾ңԵƬ̡
л˵
ĸ׿ĵض˵Ƭ̡ǲҪ
ovo


46 
˵仰תǰҡ
˵Ƭ, ȴٳٶûеȵгֻԶ©ĵˮ
ʱҹ麽ǰʱСһ, ûпӾ֮г
ȴʱ΢еƣ, ̧ۿ֮ǰȦ, ԥƬ̣˿ԶľңЪϢһ
⼸ʵ˯öǺܺãʱȦ֮, ۿ˿֮ϵӣ֮ǰѾõһ, ƶ񣬽, ɱ, ȫȻͬڳ˵˼·
ӵʱʵ̫ǰһ, һڡ
麳, Ϊʱڴǳ̴ζ֪֮, һЩ⡣
ڼžֻ˼еԽƮԽԶڿ, 䲻ʵ
⻺߳ʱ򣬾Ϳ麴ʱС֮ϣƽ, ۽, ϵЩ䡣
ȦԵЩ, ֻռһ룬ȹѵкǾе䣬΢˳¸һƬ衣
̧ϸؾ֣زԼָ
ۿ˿麣ӷϣ΢˿ʱģЦһ¡
ϻ𣬸ϡ
Լشһϵ˿ڣͽ½£ãȻỺؽ麱ϣΪǺñ
ʵ˯òǺܳԼԼԼ˱ڻУֻ˼ɢֻ˸Ϊʵĵط
Լһ£̧
СԣΪҴñ۽һ£û޼䣬ת뿪޵
ߵʱ򣬻СԵĹƸϨˡ
ΪϾҹ䣬Щ磬ȻǴգԳ
Ȼسڸǰɵؿ˿޵ǡ
ȥƫЪϢ
һеûӦеİ͵²޼𣿹½ղشߵ𣿡
СЩ⿴˿أ˯ˡ
ͷŶһ˼Ƭ̣̲סʵǵ¡Ҫˮ𣿡
⻰˵÷ǳС
Ʈţҩһʱǵ»Ҳˡ
һţһ߻ԼǻǲʵԽЩֻ⡭һֻǵЩ˼ἰأ
̧ۿ˿ء
ءƽ΢˶٣ŵԸȥЩãǵҪ嵭Щġ
شʱĿбӣûٶʣֻӦǡ
*
ʱƻͨ
̫ţҲѵõԳƣ̬ޱߵԳɫŶʵʥҪΰ죿֮ǰʥ󵽳گеģֽ̫Ӷ֣ҲΪʥ϶并ǨҲͰˣܲܽ϶ôȥ
űʯĻڵڷ⣬ʱ֮дЩЭ˧ҲգʥҲҪ˵ϵЩʵϴƵ֧Ҳ޷Ҫʥô
岻ʶ̧ٵĲһڱĹұҲظ֪ҳǮƣɲһСĿ
̫˵ЩԵȻ֪
Ȼоģȷʵ̫Ӳֽ񸵻ⳭϣպϵԱȫͱȻġ
ϾٲãҲиǸϵȱʺڵǲ֪Ҳһ
ֽȻϳײ̫ɸ⶯ǧôһ壬Ҳ壬Ųʲôó
ֻ˵Ҫȣȴʵ˵һ¡
ϵ԰ѿڸУ֤ȷ䣬ֻҪ֣֮ǰ϶顣
ֽԵвʲôʵȨȺ˾δԸĻҴ»˽̰īǶ֣Ҫϣ̸ס
ֽ֮ƣҲֻΧκˡ
ֽ̫ȨΪϻǴδв̫ӣԵ̫ɫ̫Ը֧ҲȫȻ·ߡ
̫»תʵʥϴ˻棿
Եۺݺݿ˼ϸϸԼǼӣʵҲȫȻûѡ񣬸£ҲȫȻû㡣
̫ӣôõȺ˼ӵΣ
ֻҪ覵٣ôһҲӭж⡣
ȵһͷԷ̫ӣôٷһĻӣҲʲô¡
ȨҪԼС
ǸͷбΣȵ̫ˣеյС
Ե۴Ȩ䣬ǳټѣȵ죬Ⱥ˾ȻҲǼʹ棬һλȥĶ̫ӡ
Ե뵽ѵԳ˷ͿŻ󣬰޵ҩ
æӦһƿ͵Եǰ
Ե۵ʺѪĵҩһ£ϴЦҲֹ֮סĿ⿴Զ̫󣬡˵ģȻġһ㣬һϵƣ̫󲻱صǡ
޿ָժȴһΪ㡣̫ҪˣͿһ㣬ֻҪܰ⵹̫ӣϲֻҪʶʱ񣬱սɵǮ뻿˽ҲԵ֪黹
̫ȻҲ֪Ե۴ʱҲ޶ʵȨֻµվڶǸ⣬ʶʱҲް취
̫ܴӹô֮гΪ̫ȻҲȫȻΪԵ۵ļ仰ҡǣԵ۴ʱģԥƬ̣̲סʵ֪ʥ˵Ǹǡ
̫󻹲ӣһ衣ԵۺЦΪʲôĶͽ˾࣬ʲô֣˵ǿϧˣΪһŮһţ£Ǹ֡
ҹǣôһһϣ֪ƷгڵĶӣôȶλá
ʱԹٵʹö룬ҲǿԤϵϡ
һΪΪ֪Ĺ£Ϊϡ
񣬽Լе˼һ˲Լ֮ȻһֱƭĸоӶӱ
麵ȷãΡ
˳ãֻҪһ㣬㹻ˡ
Եʱ麲һʱ⣬ڹ֮млôһ
̫һףԵ۶ԣǵˣҲܸŮʲô֡
Ȼκʧ
Ůݣǵ˼ȤȵպٽǣʱҲ˵Ѿݣ˸๡
ʱȥگе˲֪ʲôطȴӵΨһ㡣
Ե￴ΪԼףֻǻҪ˼صøЩδػʱչ¶
֪ԼҪȴţѲǵȢλԼϵĻòɣ
棬ʵǡɼ
*

˴ʱѺ֮УϾĴ壬ԼȫҶе̬ת˲ͱ䣬ЩЩȨ£ҲǿͿġ
˵ù˶þ͵ƽ˻ȺȨ£ҲԼСԿġ
˵Ƿ£Ȩ֮飬˵׼
Ҳ֪ϵǷʲô飬ֻ֪Ǿ̫ӵµ֣ӦҲȻҲὫ嶼֮С
һѺطĵطȻȨسֻһ嶼ѺģҲ
ϻ̫󱼲ţЩ׹ϵʱУʵҲ㲻ùൣġ
ϾǼлиڹе̫ȻΪТ̫֮Ҳδز˼ɵ㣬ȫ嶼ǧ
ʧЩǮƶѣлׯʵҲʲô
֪һ㣬˵ҲδйĵģֻżЩ˽µۡ
磬˵ǼеӦҲʲôЩҴ嶼飬⸵⡭˵ѹΪִҪǼҹⲻȥֽ񱻹طʵڲ˿ԾôģʵʳѰҹ¡
Ŷˣ֮ǰֶӵ飬һʷ򣬰并ʣʵҲ㲻ʲôʥּѾˣȴǲ֪ΪʲôǱ˻ȥ
Ǽңλ̫ӵ£
⻰֪ѰҲôλ̫ӵ£Դ֮ǰʥּԺǼҾͿʼ²˳ֽΪ鱻鳭
˵ΧˣֽӵѲɣΪڹʥ֮ߵýЩֽ̫ӲǼҿ
ʲô㲻֪ȻܻΪʥϵ̫ӣǼЩ飬˭ܳ룬ల£ѵľȻǼң
׵ǰ˼⣬ϾǨôһ׮С£ǸеףҲѾ˻ȥ
ǰʱյȷ̫ӵмЩĦǸһ򶼲̫ƽЩ飬ֽȷϴûء
ֻ̫ڱţҲʲô¡
һ磬گеŮǰΪš
ʵԭЩϵģǳگʲôط̫ľТΪȣƬ̣Ƿˡ
ƼگˣϽǴżϲɫ
ֻǵȵ𵽵ʲôʱԳȥʱ⼸λǰŵŮȴֶɫֻҡͷ
̫Ӿ֣Щ˵ģȻû׼š
ϽʱĴɴС඼Щ˽飬Ҳǳ£ֻҪ⵽δˡ
˼Ů¶ɫ¶ʱֽ֪״͵شһͻ
ٹãǾҪѺ͵ˣѾڳʱһƷְ٣Ҳֽ֪ãǸһ˵㡣
Ҳһ壬ҪڸУһ֮䡣
ȫȻɱƿ˵ζ̸ǺܣԼҲ֪Լʲôʱ븵˹ڡ
ֻ幻ΪԼƸգֽܹ֮࣬ʱ֪£Ҳг˵Լ븵֮ǰ飬ǻˡ
ʱǸһڽ֮У
ʱΪԼǰ϶ʷˣʱףʹ̫Ӹѳֳ·ϣԽ޴ң˭ܳϵ˶λ̫ӵ
ųگǰ̲סСʵߵˣǹĸеˡת
峤ʳУԳ
ҹ˾֮ʱ峤ʳ֮лһ㣬ó
ֻֽдһλ̫븵˽ʧ£գڳǰҷ˲֮٣֮
мǡ
ⲢδŹϡ
ֽΨһ
л˵
֮ǰһЩߣ仯ģһֱǲ̫α˵һ״̬ҲҪһף̸رãҷ=v=
~


47 
չ΢ʱ, 麲ȻѹٴοǰľƸɽʱյĳٿȻԺ֮йһ顣
ԭŵȸӾϴһ˿, Ȼٻصߵ֮еġ
ȴû뵽, Ȧ֮ϵʱ, һʱ룬ʲôʱ˯˶ǵˡ
ֻϡǵ˽ȦϱϤ̴ζ紺βմȾ˰Ϣ
麿˿ʱ, ǰȥ֮ϴһ£ո齵ʱ, ȴͻȻЩԥ
ϾǶľңԼѾЩ׵ˣӦ뿪ȽϺʡ
˿ɫ, Ƭ, Щܲ, ׼ǰҡ
޼ռΪ, ̺ڵ֮ϣȻǴյ, Ҳܵһ˿һ⡣
麲δЬģľĵ磬ȥ
ɫʯ̾͵ľҴʱӳ, 硣
麿ʱеľԭЩʱʧ
Ʈİɫ֮Уֻԡ֮, ֧ʯ֮, ۽֮, ˮ˳Ĳǣ㼯ԡصˮС
ڽ֮ǰû뵽ԼȻһ
ԭƬ̣׼Ϣ˳ҵʱԭ۵ȴȻۣüڴʱ֮УԳһȻףΪ֮̾ĳڡ
ԭ֧ʯ֮ϣʱˮΪһֳֻԼ򥣬ϾؿŲԶ麡
á
ֹסҪ뿪Ĳ
֮ǰûпϸʱͻش麵ԺʵһźС룬Ͼ˵֮УλĻǰԵδˣǸ֡
еĿ϶סֶپԼоʵЩ׵ڽ͵ִ֪ʱڴԡΪղڶ˯ţԭֻǰϴ
ţ
̧ۿ麣Щģβϳ
ôáõߣһֱڹµϡ
ˮ˳ļ羱ûˮ棬һϸ΢졣
ʱּ΢еȣû뵽ԼĿֻ϶סƬ̣ܱ
ٿһǸ˵ǣĿСֿһۣдţ˵ĻǰĳԵδˣҪ顣
麵Ļڴʱڵľ֮С
īһͫʾô麣Ƭ̺Ц麵ô
ô˶٣֮ǰڶʱ򣬷Ӧǡ
ֹ
ԶȥĻΪһ仰ȻǰС֮ʱܸо˾ãֻͷһ˿ظ˼֮С
ǰζɫ̴㣬ѹںĴϢ
˼ɢʱ麵ȷ̧С롣
Ŀһĵط
гԵδˣҵծδġ⣬Ǵ顭ﴫĻͷþȥ顣
ѹ˵ġ
еһЩ˵ǣҲָ֡麼αģС£Ҫǰȥ·
û´飬̧ۣȻ㲻С¡
ָһ£룬Сûᡭ
ʵȻҲᣬǰŮɫĴҲ˾֪ĹǸ¶һĹ
һ㣬ȻҲ֪
˵Ǹպ̫棬ȵպ涫ѡʱ򣬿ҲϾŮʢ¡
ֻЩҲûʲôϵˡ
򥣬µؿ麴ʱģ뵵ˮ
ôĻжЩЦ⣬Ǳá
ϾԺã˵Ļ˶٣ʵЩԩ
麿ʱ΢ЦüоԼºˮ֮еһΣ׾ٵڳУΧƬƬĲơ
Ҫˡ
ͻȻڣ麻еûӦվԭأӦⷽ˵ĵʲôԺ󣬸׼̧뿪ʱ򡪡
⿴ԭصӣѹЩ
Ҫ£ԻҲС
̹
Ϸʵβ֮о־ȣֻʶһ䲻غ̧ص޼䡣
޼䲢޾ǰ㴦ȵˮż־㣬輱ƽ
ԭųʱڸ£Ȼ뿪ʱɫŸոʣҲʲôˡ
ûʲô˻ᾭֻҪԼƫгȥ֦˵ԼǳȥɢɢģҲʲôס
׼뿪޼ȴͻȻߵ죬󴨰ƽ޲ӵ⴫£Ѿá
·Ըùٻȥ
ؽͽĬشһԡ
麾޼ڵľˮϴһ£ڵĸʦŷ֮еĲʲô£ĸ㶼һģһζ
СڵЩţʵžͿԻȥ𣿡
ؿ˿麣׼ʱ򣬴Ӿһ߳һˡ
ʱβ΢Щʪ妣洨شԡ
ͻûȥ
ӾԼ֣ӷһԣôš
麱еʳ֪ζеĿ磬ֲô
ùˡԼĶǣ˿ʱЩֺδĲƷϲĴУ
ЩϸСϰԣ֦δ֪ȴ˲䱻졣
ȷʵϲĴУͷУҪôһҪôһһ
ʵҲãֻǲϲζѡ
ǰڼеʱʵһֱ죬Ϊ±ѵ
룬һ¡
Ȼԥһ׼ЩĴеϸ档
Ͼڶţڴߵ֮ǰ
ô졣
ǷʲôЦ飬麴ʱĶԺ󣬴Ŀ֮пζ
Ǻٿĵ麣ٿȻص˴ǰǸ齿ݵСʱ
е㱡
ֽ̧빴ϲͲǿ
̧ۿվһԣԼڸеĴأԸȥԺʳٷĴС
ذһܿӦǡ
شʱվֻԼÿһÿһ붼ĥ
ȻڵУȴԼ˿ʵڲӦǱȽʺϳ䵱ԺҪŷ涪ȥǰĴС
ʵɫǻ裡
麵Ŀͣڰ֮Уգһ۾룬СڶŲֻżȻֲʦڡ
Ҳʦڡ
ָߵһ·ŵİ룬ûһ仰ôݼڡ
̴ڴʱϸ΢ػζһ£֮Ȼ
ҲǲϲĴУֻΪ麲ϲҲŲϲ
һ⻰ԽԽԼӦǰĴУʱվʵǷַ붼ĥ
̫ӵҲˣ»κˣǽվǴֻܺҪȵӶҪ
ϾѰУ߸һģֻδţδ
غܲɫﲻԶ麡
̲ס̾һ
ʵɫˡ
һֱ麻ȥߵʱطԸǰʰ޼䣬룬ȵܺ飬´λصʱҪٽЩ
˭ǵλˣֻҲҪ˾ú÷ʡʡ
ʱʱ磬ǰ壬̴ӼǿͬУҲĿбӡ
һֱǰߵҲδʲôˡ
Ȼ٣麻ǿ븵ⱣЩ룬ȥ裬Ѱвýͬеģ
ֻԵͬаˡ
麴ʱлǾ䰮ݼڣɤȴȫȻϵĻ
ǣԵȢԼĸ׵ʱҲ˵ǳ谮˵ʥ죬˵
λνĳ谮Ϧģ㲻ǵ档
һֱ֪ǻ̲ס뵽ÿһεĶӡ
ģȫȻܽ˿εߡ
麿¸һŻԶľ룬Ƿͼδ˵ʲôֻеɢظ
˵ͣ͵͡
߳һ·޻ܿѾ˴ߵǰ˸Ϊϡ٣֮ǰϸĽ̸ûС
඼ǻĵֻռţѰĹҲᾭ
麸׼Ը˵͵ͺõʱǰתǣȴͻȻ߹һˡ
˿븵⣬ҲȻ֮ɫ
û뵽ʱǡ
֮伸תǣϡ
ǻ
л˵
~


48 
糯Ҫ˵߹ػϲһЩս, ԻҪ빬ְ
ֻǰʵԶһδ糯ʱ˵żȻ, ʵЩ˵ͨ
, δе彣ڹߵ, ʱвδǰѽֻһ֦֪滨滹մųʱ¶ˮ
ڸ֮תһ£ɫЩȻ, ԭŵ滨΢һ¡
ҲûȻʱ
ʱȻ븵΢һ룬ȥȷ, ֻǴʱϾϡٵĳ䣬ͬУԭϡ
Ͼ, ôһ޷ֵĹ, λȨص̫ӵ, Զ˵ʶ
ĵط, ﻹƫƧĻĵ
һʱžƬ̡
ս֦滨, ϵȻֻһ˲̫ӵ£
΢ЦЦ, ü֮ʶº͵Ц⣬ǡýʥ侭еʱ, ·һ滨, Ȼϲ, ժһ֦
˵˵е˼Żǰȥһ˴ߵ֮Уû뵽Ȼ̫ӵʵɡ
̴黬ģֻӦ˾Сûٳ˼
Ū̴飬δƶԼǰľȫȻ⡣
ǸʱδԼҲֱϢʱ޿̲Լʡ
̧ǰǡ븵һ룬صл⡣
˼Ƭ̣Žһ䣺ǰŷʱ˻֣Ϊƣҹһڹ֮УԽͻС
ڽΪʲôͬڹ֮С
ŵ̴ϸ΢һ٣ֻĢ́𣬲δ˵
ڻһ룬ƮƮҡҡ麵ľ䡣
ӽǿȥܿ麰ĲʱǵɾͣΪʲôڳͬС
Ȼ׾ǴʵʱûڹǣǱ֮С
ֻΪʱ֮ʱ˵̫ףԵӰ쵽Լ֮󣬾ͱ˴ȶ¡
֮нƽͣ
⴮ֳִʱһֱ䣬Ǵʱ̴ܹ飬ȴҲʵ޼¡
麵Ļ̧۶Ÿ̫ӵµȷãТмӡ
С
Զ˶٣Ǳ˴˱˴ˡϾǰʥŹµĻã·ߵǰ֦ʵ˵ǡˡ
⻰˵ϴЦ⣬Ƶֻڵһ޶ѡ
ֻβ΢Щ
⣬ʲôĶߡ
һٶԼ븵⣬ǻϲʲôɫλڱ߹Сγٶۣô˿߶
麷ŵĽͣԼţֻǻ֪ʱͼҲȫӣδ˵ʲô
֮ǰϵʱ򣬻ͼ΢֪ܿزԼ䣬תĻ⣬ڵκ֪ôӦ˻ɡ
һʼ麾ѾԤϵպᱻ˷ֻ֣ȴû뵽һµˣǻ
֮ǰǰǵȢֻֽҲתΪ벻ˡ
ֽ˽Լе滨ֻΪ֮С°ˣ̸̫ӵµ
Ϳһðǰʵͻ
۽޴£᣺¡
ߵжδȥﶼżȻ麣ȴ˵Լͻ
뵽֮ǰŻ̸֮λ꽫ƽֻ˵ΪʱѾ
ʱ麣ѾƳ븵֮Ĺϵһ㣬ȴ˵Լð
˿ʱУմ¶ˮ滨֦
Ϊ֮ǰԼ϶һͥǰ滨һֱǵڣְһ֦ǰС
֮Ҫҵһףȴ˵Ϊ֮С¡
֮ǰȷǿλСӡֺñˣһ򶼺ףοԼڼ֮ǰ˲ٹڱ߹ص鼮һЩɬı顣
ЩʱĿĴ
ֻֻ΢ЩӡҲãȴûλ꽫ںֱǰȢ
ǵڣǼǵԼϲã֪븵֮ЩߣҲĬΪȫûж˵ʲô
δ˿벻ݡ
˶٣麵Ȼ̫ӵص»ʥͲ߶ˡ
δе滨֦ݸ麣ֻĬĬԼУΪϴǾװ֦֦ɢʽȻ
ԶȥıӰ΢ЩįΪúܸߣԲȻһȻ֮С
ٿȻ뵽֮ǰϼλСʱڵƻʢӣлʱλ꽫⡣
һǸɱ꽫
еã̧ĿҲһֱڻϣٳٲδԶ롣
һֱӰû빬нԶ΢ָ麵򥡣
ʹ麵ջأá
ָ΢еѵѾԶˡ
뵽ʱ븵ľ֮ŸΪҪָȴû뵽ȴ۵øȫȻûѵζ
΢ָѹ麵򥣬عвš
Ϊƣ͹ĻûصԶ˶٣ڻõУôһĵô
̧ۣӡ
ں
ںôģݣŵȷЩŮӱ͸Ķ
ʲôݣʲôݡ
ֻ˱ӻĹŮֶɶӡ
鰮Ϊĳ룬λߵȨԣʵֵ̫һᡣ
˶֪дʵĽڣ˵ȥʵ˵ÿţ٣Ҳһڡ
ǻϣνͣ麻ʣ˵ҹ޶Խͬ𣿡
֪պҪ޵ˣ޹ؽҪۻ𣬺⡣
麲ܣÿһֻϣ뿪ǣ߹ҲãطҲãռһ֣ڹǰ㴦պѰһͺá
󲻶ֻ࣬ɷЩٺò
Լȥ߹أôһˣƷеȷԶĶࡣ
ǿԤϵľٰüྴ
ͬʱĸĸһ㡣

ֲЩΪڻްǻպҪȢʲôŮΪܵ谭̧ۣҲУЩԶŮԭȨƾڹеĹŮˡ
ҹ޶е
ڣѡҲڼʱ򱻴ǿ֪ҪΪʸ֮ġ
µ۱ȻǳԤϵϡ
ʱֻ¾ڹлն̫ӣΪ覵УΨһ۵㡣
Һýֻǻδʲôˡ
Իϣڻǰ־룬ô
ָ麵򥣬ĬһԺ̵ؽŵô
л˵
õصڲܱ˷֣Ϊ˻Ҫ׳´= =
ovo


49 
ָѹ麼, ˴粽ѹȸС
ȫȻ֮ǰɢڵͫʴʱԻް
ôô
벻Ҫ𣿡麲̧, ڻֶ, ֻǿϹ۵С, һУֻҪһ仰Ϳ׾ٵǰôңڻ˵Ҫ𣿡
ڶ, ղδκױ㣬ͷֻһؾһ١
ʱֱͦ, Ỻȴ˿˿ļꡣ
ĬƬ̣ȻҪ
ϵ, λСܼϾ, ǼԶ߹ء
δТ, Ρ
ѹТ, Ǳ߹¼߹ؾѰ, ֻҪ롣
һҲʣ˵Ǳӡ
֮ľ벻ߣⷽ˵⻰ʱ, ·ֻ֮ĵૡ
ȴв
ǰ͸߹õģ㲻ʲôˡڣȻ֮仹нδ˽ᡭ
ָ麵򥴦۽, βް, þ͸úúÿ, ʱվǰˣ˭
׮ƴǣԼ֪λֵôġ
֮αԴ֮жŨصռ
ҪŹ𣬵޳ȥ
εߣ֮ʱ̣еζѾȻ֡
һʱҲãöĿҲա
麼Ĺǽ߬߬Լָſ򸵻⣺áϣֵԸԺ󣬿Լҡ಻ٸ˴ˡ
̧ǣʹһԭΪɶȴû뵽׾ٵؾָɿˡ
ֿյڰ֮Уϵ̴ײ֮
麲δٿֻǴڼȻûҪ£ҾȻصˡ
ջԼ֣ԭվһ̧ۿʱҲȻ̬
۽޴̧뿪
뿪֮δǰǰվ֮СŴǽϡ
ŵ滨֦߬У֪ãԶ
֮ǰʱ򣬻һֱûǾ̫ӵ¾Լڣ˵еѡԼ
һֱգ֮ǰЩӵЩϸڲĪһǽ̫ӵ¿麵񡪡
˼ʱָ˽ٿȻ̧ۣǡöϸ⻺ߡ
ǵڰн㣬²ӣʣС
ڱ߹ʶӡеλ̫ӵǳϲ˽ڱ߹صʱͻΧὣͻ࣬˱߹¼ҹ۽̫ӵ¼
λ
ֻǴʱ
񿪿ڣ̫ӵ¡
ɫʲôֻаǴֳ֣Сͣڵȹ£
ĩףĬƬԺ󿪿ڣʵһ⡣
⣬ʡ
еᣬʵ£֮ǰĩ˵λǵѡ˭
ԣͻЦЦȴֱܶ𣬡СϾжˣ
ȻʱʳĻⲢκιϵҲԴĩϾжʮ¡
жʮ£ҲТˡỺ㳤ַͻڳ°ﴦȻ˳˵оǹûмǴĻ¡Ӧಿֽ紺δزв
ֽ߹ֻ㸸ֳˡЩ
ȻǸⲢδֱԣǻﻰ˼ȴԶ׼
δλΪ˾˷̫ӵ£¾Ȼֽ㡣
ϣԻͶ佫һֱڻϵ֮С
ֻǴʱλ̫ӵµоȴʵ̸ǹ䡣
̧һ£ָ𣬾׿ɬڣĩ֪
̬ʵشӻ߹ڻС֮ǰǸ⡣
˶٣ۿ˿ʲôʹ£
Ȼ⣬Ƭ̣Ҳֻܴ׶ԸĩԽ
˹غЦһ̧뿪
վŴХķ磬죬һͷûС
л滨֦ЩȻ
ͻȻ뵽֮ǰڶǴΣа档
ʱʼԼ͸òģλΪ˸߸ϵ̫ӵ£ΪʲôƫƫԼǰΣҺԼʼصʱ򣬴صֹֺܿתǡ
ٶۡ
ֻΪţûܡ
Ͼ˭пܣȴΨ⡣
ôһ¹ˣȴԼϵĻ˽
鼴Ѱ˼ҶǱ֮ļҳ󣬸οǻҡ
վԭãὫԼе滨֦ڹǽĲԶ
*
Ⲣδض
ǵǰŮԭ֧ʹɨϸǰͥԺú߽ԺæһԵ˱ܣӭǰȥ̫ӵ¡
ĸ𣿡
ŮٹһĶѾˣڵò衣
ʱʲôֻŮʱ̬ȴȻؾøʱ̸Ƕ죬ŮٴһԣڴԵȣū澽ȥͨһ
͡
Ůٽȥʱ»ص⣬վڸǰڵе
еŮڴʱոǰǵУʺѾ֪ͼԻûѾҡ
дʱһˣֻˡ
֪յ̸˵ĹŮϵĵţûͷǵȼ˵ƻҲ΢Եеް
ʺʱڵУŹľᣬʱˡ
˸ط£ĸ󡣡
ô죬Ѱ硣
ⲻÿɷֻڵǸʿ˳㱻˻ԵΪҩԵøЩҲ쵽ֵʱˡһϵƣˣЩʱȴһû֮Ҫʡ
ʺ̾һʱеĵ̬֮ǰǰģ˰ѱУӦ֪Щվһ֮˽鱻¶Щδزᶯҡ
ϼΣ̫ҲǴгģϾ壬£޿ָժã
ʺֹס⡣
ˣ˵棬ȻҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻô죬Ϊ˭
Щ飬ԵԵһֻ۱ֻһۡ
ֻΨ麵ģܾô׾ٵؽҹȥ
ʺԻ£ֻǰЩʱȷ̫ЩЩ֪֤ԵδܽΪѱ
ĸӦ֪ΪʲôҪϻ麣ҲӦ֪̫ΪʲôС˶٣׵̻飬ҪڶΣԵ۲һԸưոݵˡ
Ѿ˵֮Уû̻Ҫί
ԵһҩδزµڶΡ
ΣԵϵĸףһˣ´ȴһǿԣЩ
ʵǰ
ʺ˸ԼĶǣǱߣôʱֻ׼ڹǰ̸׮˽£̫֤֮ǰѸ͵˾飬пҲʱһţϾǼгҲһλӣǲ򣬵Ҳ֪˳ɻ
ʱ׼ճ
ϲκȻ֮ɫǰگеŮǰţȻδҲ㹻ˡ
΢̧ϣֻ¾Ϊ¡ο̫дãıʵҲǣϾǴʱһϵơ
¹شȻʱ̬˵ڣһ˿˼ûС
ʺĬƬ̣׼Σ
ıôҪûջȨǲϧԵҩҲҪıҲԶǧΪʦѰءΪӣȻҪʥԸ
˶٣ҡ
һʼҾʹδҪȢ麣Ҫˡ²ƲȻͱȻᷢΪֻ֪ǻѡ
Ƕ˳ĻΣΪΣȨûҪԼ󡣡
ֻδԸ⡣
Ե۵ǿȢϷ˽оΪݣֽҪҲԵ۲޶¡
ûа취Ŀ麼ˣϣԵһ޵ıӡ
ʳԶҲã˵޳Ҳգˡ
ϲǣȥﶼãǰǣߡ
㶼ˣô죬Ըеʱϵ㣬ʧ˱ʣ˹ԺһֱסƫʱҪЩ׷ŵҪΪҹеʸ֮ģûǷԸ⣿
ʺ̾˿ԿηСֻǸСȻԼȫȻںҲܸΪ롣
ؾЩ
᲻á
Щᣬȴǲ๣ὫʱϾһдٽҲ˸ǰ๷ֺ
Щνɶһ˳е
л˵
ʺ󣨾ȣ̸ô
~


50 
糯, ؼһֱ֮Եѵ¶档
Ҫ˵ڱ߹ػϲսԣһֱϾТĻСҲڳְ
ԵǰЩʱز¶Ҳ, նеΪתʥּ, ȺտԵ, ϴһЩȻ֮ɫ
ϾȺҲ֪֮ǰԼۣȾ˭֣Եеġ
Ⱥʱ, Ŀʾ⣬̧ͷŵԵ۵ɫ
˵ǽɫЩ, ǺЩùͷ
ٳٽնЩĲɣʵҲʲô, ѰǱ߶Ѿֹһ, Գн, ҲֻЩС¡
Ե֪ȺǼԼȥ, Զ˵Щд£ֻЩ, ϴЦȴĬĬЩְٵ֣Ц¡
߹زʵҲ޹, ֪ΪΣλСտҲЩĲɣһֱ֮С
һֱ糯β, Ե۲ŲضȺڵʵ޽ջЩһ, Ҳظ֪, ̫ѾڣȴһֱδӭȢ强˶ûУ޶ǣΪŻã̫Ӵ˾٣Ҳ̫Щ
⻰һȺȻ
ȴʱԵ۵˼ͻȻϳҲΪôһ¡
ȺҲЩĥλʥϵ˼Ѳǵ׼̫ӰԼ֣֮
ԵãˣֻⳡزĥƢԣʵҲδȫȻܡ
Ե˵仰֪ôͻȻȵɫǺ죬̺һԵæǰСƿԵ۾ô˼ŵҩŻ
ٿýЩ죬Ե۵ɫȴû˸Ҷʡ
Ե˿ڳķӦ
һ¹ϵպӣ̫ڣҲظõȢ޵ʱˣ׼Щʱգ׼ѡ飬Ͼ£Ҳճˡ
⻰˵ò޲ףҲټŮĳ٣ڵôһ
ƬԺ󣬳ҲвӦ͵
ڳ͢ڹٻ£һϲ£Ȼ跴Եɡ
֮λѾãҲв˵²ףֽȻԵģȷЩϡ
顣гֳǰһΪٳٲȷ׵Ϊ˽ԶӦΪá
ԵԣƶЦתӣҿʲô飿
˳
Ե۵˵֣Цŵ£ֽȥˡŮΪ̫ѡһġ̫糯Ҿɢɡ
Ե˵仰뿪˴
ԭžĳдʱ˳ۣ΢Եеӡ
޷ǾǱһֱͻȻΪ̫ѡһ׼ʵЩơ
ĹǱ̸۵΢ЩǴֵֶ֧ġ
Ͼڻδ׵ģҪ˵ǻң֮УҲټ
ֽ̫ѡ˵ЩͻȻҲȷʱ򣬿ЩŮģϢҲϲɫϾ²̫ܵ߼ݳģܽȥҲǼ¡
΢ԵüžЩֻԱ֪븵֮Ĺϵǰߥ޵ûǴСǲһֱ̫ӵĻţֽ̫ӵ¼ѡļҲϽƣպ̫ӵ³÷׽ö࣡
Ǿǣǰڱ߹صʱҿ֪СΪǰ̫ӵڱ߹飬ڷж̫ӵµ֣һ佫ЦӦӦҲйﻹڴֹУֽҪѡɲǴսĻ᣿
佫֮ϧҲû˼ʱҲ˳ߥ޻
£ζûӦ
Աߵ佫һԾͷе˴˴ˣôˣ˵ʲôôɫǺܺãѽҲôһ˵СǾò˱ǡ
ѰôʧˣЩʲô˵ò⣬ҲĬ
Աߵе֪λСôˡ
ѰŮ붫ҲѰ£Ͼλ̫ӵΪ˾Ĵڣûǰ߹صô£ϹҲδûôʱı֣ʵеͷԡ
һֱĬãٿȻ̧ۣߵλ佫ʧ񣬱ǸֻΪЩ飬һʱδܼʱش𣬻λ̨¡
λ佫Ҳûж룬ֻ֣£ôС۵ˣСաЩ죿
ִ̲࣬ס߬߬
̫ѡ񲿵ĹŮö룬Ҳ֪ϾͷĹŮ
֪ϣӦЧһң飬ܣҲöӸԤ
ǣ̲ס뵽ǰȥУվԼǰȻ̧ͷԼһЦ
صУ˫ֽأϣͷԼ
ִƬԺŻ񣬳ǰλ佫һЩԵ飬һλ̨¡
佫ֻȷʲôҪ£С¾æɡ
ǣ뿪˵С
һֱߺλ佫ЩĥţλСƽﵹʧˣҲû룬ֻǺֽܿת˷ŵ̫ѡϡ
Ҳ֪һλŮɫ̫ӵ£ҪȢ̫ʲôֻǵʱϵҲҪ磡
ȻϾǿ̫ӵ£һ벻̫ӵպ׻ʲôģôһɰӣҹҲΪɫԣ˵ý̫ҲֻǶׯҹպ̫ྴ

еԶ롣
ԵѾȥﱸˣ¶ûʲô飬˷£Ȼǲٳӻڵţôؾ뿪ǰĵ
ɢߣҲЩʶԶԶк
ӦԣЩԱŻߵķ򣬰ĥţǰŵĵط⻰Ҳֹֻһ£δԡ
Ȼٿġ
ǴߵΪشƫƧûôɻ䡣
ÿһԼһϣһȴԼֵĵ塣
վм䣬̾һվѡ
̫ӵ±Ͼ̫ӣĶֻ࣬һŮҲ࣬ȻǸӣϵȴδأ飬ȻҲţ֪ڹҪΪһЩ
ô˵ﶼӦ֪Ȩ
̫ӵԸ⽫¸Լʱһ٣ȻҲá
ķһ£һ£̧ߵߵǰ
ʱĩߵеǰЩʱ磬лѾʣ޼
ǵˣҲûʲôͷ
һֻȸ񿰿ͣ麵Ĵǰ֦ͷϡ
ߵŵֱһӣԭԼ֣ʱ˼·񣬡£
֦һϲɫ£Сڵء
˶٣СԵ»ĵýǰЩʱүһͬǰһΡ
֦Ϊ麵ŮȻҲϣиùޣλСʲôȻ֮ѡ
֦֮еЦԣӵȴ˺ܾá
е֪ʱǰߵΪʲôǰ֤֮ǰǼ٣ֻǶԼоֻ֮ǰΪڸǰűȫԼӡ
˼Ƭ̣Ƕ֦ɡ
֦Ŷһܿȥ
һԼװ޼ȥʱȴֿпһˡ
֦ܿͥԺ֮зأ麵˵һ⳼ȻǰջŮԣǽҲŹ
Ӧȥʱ򣬿վͥԺ֮С
ߵһֱǹסڴˣװ㶼ƫԼվУ΢ԵΧе롣
ܸߣīɫķ÷𣬲޾Ѱӵϲ䣬䣬Ӳʡ
ܿͲ߽
麴ʱľ΢ЩӣҲֻӦС
˶٣֪Сǰǣ
֪ӦൽߣʵЩǰΪΡ
ЩƺһЩǡ
麿ϵɫСл˵޷Ҳ޽١
룬븵֮Ĺϵһʼ麾͸Ԥϵôһ죬Ͼ飬һֱ˳졣
ֻȷû뵽ôµˣǻ
俴̫ӵͬУҲʶڣյУʥ׼̫ѡ飬ѡӦúͻٰ졣
δ˵úףֻǴʱͻȻǰߵ֪£˼ȴֺԡ
ʵҲгﱸŮᣬϾĹŮҪУҲס
һ£Žŵ̫ӵµĻãȻǰ飬ǱϾҲǼ£»ţҲЩ֪Ϊá
⻰˵õ㵽ֹֻ˵Ǽ£Ȼ޲ס
ƫ֪Ϣޣǰδػᴫ̫ѡǴ£Щ֪벢ǻ¡
ȴ֮˼
ŵȷ֪˸֮˽ֽ㣬ѡ
ܽѡĹŮϾҲǰһĴڣ̫λö˰죬ȻϻϣҲܳ񲿵ϡ
¹غǰ£ֹغպĳ̫ѡ֮
ʵһֱֻ֪Ļʱ򣬻ǲɱģԼû뵽ģ©һġ
ҹλ֮ʲȿһֺ֮ʵĸ翹
ʱ῾ѧʫʱ߹ʿ֮⣬ȿҲŮ֮⣬ҲպѡһҪõúƣѰˣֻ컬ģɲܾôƭǼҵȥ
ָ΢һ£Ƭ֮Ż񣬶ŻлСǰ֪
˶٣Žӵѡϲ£ȻΪġ
л˵
=v=
ʿ֮⣬ȿҲŮ֮⣬Ҳʫ硤硷
ĻľȢҸΪµԱ·̫Զ̸Ҳᣡĺܰд̸ͺٺٵľovo


51 
ϴε֮, һնδټ⡣
⼸Ϊ˷һ֮ǰܵһЩȥֻΪЩЩпֵ, 뵱, һ۾ܿóǹеĶ
֮ǰ֮ѡѡ, ѡЩûпֵġ
ױеǶκУָ¡
麵ģҲȥôһСӣǵҲ˶Ǯ, š
ʱŻ֮ʻĻ, ֻӦǡ
ΪʲôͻȻҪЩλƱ΢Щ⣬ǾжǮֻѰڹУҲҪʲô, ҹҲ, Ҳһֱδλ, ôֽҪЩȥˣ
ĬƬ, ŵЩҲﷴռط, ȥЩܹ֮鲻ǻ¡
Ҳûжʣֻƿ޵ʵıԶǡ
ʱͽƱӹ˽ǾڹжǮ, ֻǵǮһЩԼǮ
룬Ҳδƴ, ЩǮ, ټ֮ǰһֱδõ, Ҳǧ㹻Ѱ˼һӵĿˡ
Լ͵͵˽ǮƱЩͰ͵ģڵոµƱ֮УԵе롣
ЩǮŴʱɫ⼸˺þãǽգɫƲѹʣһɽζ
뵽֮ǰǰԼ˵ģ⼴Ҫѡ飬⼸չ´ҲϢ඼æµš
ֻЩϢδߵС
żŪԺлݵʱˣ麵Ŀ֮УŴЩͬ飬ֻҲͬ
ʵҲѰϾ˭Ὣôһε档
֮ǰλ̫ӵ»Щ̻ڼҪӭȢޣôΪλϵĻöԸð´踡
˵ףһʱ鰮λȨ˵㲻ʲô
ҲЩ꣬ϾŸı֣ΪܶЩ⣬˭뵽ôЩʱգˡ
ЩظпҿԼˣȻ˵ñڻҪΪЩ
麵ǲδʲôӦֻճڵŪݣڵϰֻ֣еʱ£֦塣
ֻǿϧ̫óЩֻѧһʱƴǣ֦ȺԺЩǵʧ̫أһȥ麸ҲֻԼġ
ʱҲ෭˷֮ǰеĸط־ڵеǰǰϽֵǮҪĲˣ῵Ĳ鵹ǲʲôȤЩ鼮ǰǣֱ˵˴ߵС
Щ֮йͼĻҲϸῴǰϾʱιӼƣЩ඼ǹ±Ƶͼʵܶϸ΢ϸڶ¼ϡ
һֱ䣬ͷ麲̧ͷ˿Բ¡
ʱȴǲɱأ뵽յʱ
ָֽҳ
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⼸ն̴Ӿ·ĽŲ˲٣
ԭֻΪЩʱ֪Ϊʲô̫ӵµһֱЩ죬δڶ˵ʲôڶµĵѹǳ־òɢͬЩʱյһ㡣
Ҳ˲²λʮһйأϾչ뿪վһֱˡ
Щ̲ס˽۵̫ӵ·ǰ㿴ʮһôһգδǰˣ⼸գÿξ̫ӵߣ쵽˴ĩˣһǾһߴܹȥ
ӵ֪˵ЩڽǰʲôģҶҪģֲȥ壬Ҳѹ֣
Ҫ㣡
æֹѹԼ٩٩̸Ǿã̫ӵ²ҪǸûţ¶λ̬ȣ˵СҲΪ鲻죬ֻʵᡣҲǣǰЩʱţλǶԵ¶ģ
Խ˵Խֻͣ
ȻͣţǸоܹһ˿⡣
˶ûӦһ䡣
Ͼ̫ӵҲõ飬ڴ֮ǰ¶Ҳû˸š
ôһ߸ϵˣҲвܵóԸ飬Щ̴ӵģϸĥ£Ҳֻǵó˸ʵѽĽۡ
ʱվȺЩĥţΪʲôȥ棬̫ӵµĴԽԽ䵭ˡ
֮ǰЩϻƪ裬дģЩʱҪôǡ֮˻ȥдҪôضûأʱ䳯ٶЩͷԡ
յ˵ѡӦǼϲôôЩʱ̫ӵһϲɫ
ҲֹֻҲҵʵǰȥ
ʱ޼ƻʢֽŵ۶һԣߵĴصǵת½ɣ´λдӵݵµǰȥúһ¶ǰ޽١
ʲôطƬƬĻĵأϺҲֻбŵĹٻ»ǰֵط˵룬½ֲǸӽʯͷģôԸȥ
ԳĬƬֻ̣Ӧǡ
񣬸ŴЩ֮߳г̧ۿ˿ɫ״ʵߵǱʲô״
ɫһݣܿ칪ǰȥùίǰЩʱջСȥһˣҲֻڵͣƬ̣δ
еıһ٣䦿һƬī
ۿ˿ƪۣžʺ򶫹õ࣬ƪĶǹף̫ӵӰףԸպ̫ơ
˿ϵǿʲôֻеⶪһߣڳ̣ٺ»
Щ۶ᱻɸһ͵У⼸ȴ̫ӵԼΪزҲ֪ЩǽһЩˮףܿӦǡ
оãٿȻ̧ۣʵ˵ˣ
һûӦһŴŷӦӦûʴߵ飬ʸ⵽ʲôǻںߴ˸תʲôû˵ֻӲͷƤߵУʲô쳣»һѰʱڵŪŪݣҲôţʱڵжϰ֡
Ĭã
̧ۿŴأ߼Ρ
سá
⻺ء
ΧϢ˲ֻͣоԼļ϶дɽѹ棬Ĭã֮ǰСǰȥߵеʱȻδ͵ǻŹ°ȫʱ򣬵ȷһ̸
˵Щɬѡϲ£ȻΪΪġ
ԽѹԽЩ͡
£ʵ֮Ҳղƫƫ»ǶԻС˵ġ
մض̫ӵµ˽⣬Ȼ֮ǰǲ֪Ϊʲôһնδǵ¹ƹ˶þҪǰȥˣڡ
ԭŽѹŵģǸʼʱֻƬ̾ͲԼĲԾԼҲᱻ̫ӵ·ֶߡ
زҿɫֻǴһԡ
öžֻʣͭ©ĵˮ֮
ùҪϾ̫ӵڲΪӪֻ˳ȢԵ۵ķӦҲڸ֮С
ܾ֮󣬴ؾòЩʹʱԶ֪ˣ°ɡ
ظ׼ߣ̲סٲһʵٹչҪϾˡ²ȥ𣿡
ʳ仰ʵЩڣٲԭأ˺ܾãõΪⲻٻشʱ
ˡ
᲻á
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ʱ򣬻ʺߵȴͻȻ˴ߵ
֮ǰ麻ϵһλ֣麴ʱڵУǺ˼䣬ȻЦ˵⣺ȶǹ£ǡаܽǰѵһεĻ۹µĻᣬõ˳סЩʱա
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ЦŶ麵ūŹ¾Ǹиֵģֽǰȶ£ϵĸҪټһ㡣
΢˶٣ȶ»̫ӵסĵطеס̫ӵµʦ˵Ļᣬ̫ӵ£Ҳδ˵ס֡
ϴźͰЦ⣬ū澻δ̫ӵôҲֻʣ¹ˡҲ̫ãҲ࣬Ӧ̫ѡʱ򽫽ϻ̫ӵµʱԽӹ
ѡڼȴֽԼߡ
ǵԼĹϵ˲ֻű˶Ŀ
Ϊ֮ǰһΣԼĴõĿ嶶Ҳûˡ
Щ꣬Ҳ֪ǲΪ˵ȶ£뵽˴ǰ£˵ܹ㲻֪ʵ̫ӵʱڴȶ泤ģеǴֳ֣ҲɮоŵģϾ̫һͱͱѰˣֳѹţŶ˵졣
Ȼǰ麵Լˣ̫ӵ»ûôȨƵʱʵҲ˲ٿͷʵʥûŷ̫ӣְ̫ӵ¶߾ȥŲʮ꣬ҵµȷڱ߹Щ΢תЩܹûдˣߵ˶ˡ
Ǹиģպе»ţҲʲôίˡ
˵˵ţŻǸЦЦ麵ūһʱ˵˵ţЩղסˣĪҪ⡣
麵ȷԸЩ֪֮٣Ҳֻ֪Լ󲻾ãڹ˺ܳһʱա
ȴ֪ǰ߹ء
ҡҡͷֵ¡
΢˶٣Ŷǰֵͽǰߵи֪£ҡ֪ˡ
л˵
̲סһִĹT T
~
⼸Ҿ·ľд꣬дǼ棬ȻûǱǾ͵û˵--


52 
ǰȶ, إ
ʱգҲǼպˡ
ͻȻ뵽˼պҲǸĻڣһֱλߺ, ڵЪϢһ, ˼Ƭ, ˵
ԭڵһֻ֪ķȸ麴ӵгŴæµ̧֮ͷҪȥҪūͬ𣿡
麿˿Ķ, ֻҡҡͷ
ӵĹ봺ߵԶͬҲЩƫƧ, ǱϾĸȻƫƧЩ, һߵƫδסˡ
Ҫϲ١
Ϊڼ, ޵ְ, ⼸Ҳ, ȥࡣ
ŮվڵţܿͿ, ЦӭǰȥˡǼҵʱæŻ£߶ŵأæó鲻, ŵߵкúġͷٴ΢ȴƬ̣ū澽ͨ
Ӧδʱ, ͳ˵, ҲЩȻ, ˵С
ԭһλҲ̸죬пǰ˸ڸˡ
λ䣬˻ƴǼ䣬ϴźЦŻߡ
֮кֻܿʣ븵ˡ
Щ죬ôǰҵˣϡ档ԭŽǰһδߵģͶЩһֱƳٵգʵӦЩ֪ġ
£ʮˣҵĻڡ
ѾʮҲǺգĻˡ
֮ǰʵѾ֪ǵӸ˵ʱ򣬻̲סʵ𣿡
ѰŮĻҲҪ׼ϸ£ӸƽʺҲſࡣ
صǾЩִ٣ʵ˵ףȷʵЩˣұϾҲ꣬ǱҲãĸڹӹҲǸ࣬Щ޳ȥʵҲûʲôá
ĸ涼ˣʮˣǸѵõգҲȥǱʹˣ˼Ȣ
˵˵ţѹеͣңҲ֪ز
˲֮⡣
Եвǰһֱ̫ˬǸڲϣԵʲôʱݱôǲܼȢ˵ΪǷ嶣ҲҪТһ꣬һʱ䣬㹻ܶıʡ
ȻԽԽá
Ůһ񻨺ľУóһ˿£õĲǽƽ½죬ֻеӳգҲԡ
ϱ£麵𣿡
»ϴϣΪּ˼ļ£¶Ŷպ
Ƭ̣ÿ
ЦЦлʺٳţ̫ӻ̻ļ£֪ҪҺ϶١
˵뵽£λʮź˵أȶµķҪܽˣ̫ӵȶЩййҪǰȶоĺ£Ҫͷˣ
룬ŵ˵ͷջʺߵһ˴ߵ˵µġ
ȻҲϵˡϾ֮ǰ̫ӻ־Ͷֽ̻׮ϵҲϡϾеĸ඼ŷЩһŸĹŮ˵ȥҲҪ˲һЩ
˵ˣȶǿǹ£Ĵʦߣѹѹ֮ǰǸֿɲһ˻
˵ɫЩ任ƺЩԥҪҪ麡
麿ʱԥҲûжʣֻվԭأδżѯʡ
ãŵԭҪҪ㣬룬ʵҲá
Ŀʾ⣬ԭڵŮ˼ϡ
ﲢˣżĸǰҴͥŹЩڼЩģǡʥݵ˾Ǹʲô֣Ҳ಻ʲôˣЩʲôϻɢЩʲôҩģֶζúܣ֮ҡ
Ļɲ꣬û˵úףȴ麵˼ʱصǰĶ
ڵ˵һϻɢ
ʱһˮǡ˸ľĻᣬֻŻȥҲǴʼһ
һΣ룬ԼŻǻѡڶ
ȥ
һν룬һ˾ʲôûˡ
֮ǰʵվҲֻеɣһֱڣǵҡҡ׹˲̮ȷˡ
ȻǰȷԵۡ
麲ߵǴǰͤԶɫ½ǣһͬڵأһֱȵԵ뿪
ֻһССĲԼδ⡣
ں̫̫˵ԼͶԵһʣ˵Լĸ׵мӣ˶䣬Լϻϡ
һз£ֻΪһֱδԼǸ˳ˣʱδвǶСģȴû뵽չ֮УԼٶСģȴҩ
븵֮ǣ
ϻɢԵۣߪϣ̫
Щ麵Ժ֮лعһ顣
֮ǰУ麾ѾԤУֻʵЩЩڣ֮ǰڶʱ
һдɺϣǸˣҲǷԵ۵ּ⣬ϵĸףԼԭӦʵˣĸǿȢˡ
ҩµġ
ʵ뵽ģʹµˣʵ˵಻࣬˵ٲ٣֧ʹҩˣҪ˵Ҳࡣ
ǸΪʲôʱἰʥϡ
ʵھѵĸ⡣
ԵΪʲôҪ̫ĸֶӣ̫ٹµˣΪʲôΪԼôһزɵ˴¡
һ˽͡
Ǹ⣬ôԼҪԵʲôԵۡ
ʱǵ֮ǰԵۿԼ
˼һϸܶӴ˿ס䶼Ÿɬζ
ģ˿εظѡ

ʱʼδôһ̣ô
ʱڿȸʼͷžӣһֱôһ̣
Ҫݡ
Ҫ
ɫǺܺãҲЩԼһʱ죬οЩ鶼ԭӦģʼ˽࣬ǽϡҲӦֻ֪ۣϾҪȥĿǴȶ£еָĴңصġ
ϴһЩЦ⣬ָսû°㡣֪ճ׵ʱҡܲҲȥĸЩϲǣ
ȻԭҲҪڽոӵģ˵ǲִЩʵҲʲôҪ׼ģӲ¶Ӽȥ˾Уֵϲͺá
ЦӦ麵Ӵȶϴ˲㸣ţպô˵ҪҼ޵øЩʱ˹ȥѰҲܻЩ
ԶƬ̣Ӧ˺á
ЩпһǵոսʱģһתۣҲҪҪ˵ˡԵһ¶ŮӶԣһһĴ£ΪʵʲôҪԺ׵ʱҲҪϸЩǷҴǰиʲôͨС檵ģҲĪҪ⣬ˣ˵߾ˡ
ȻҲ֪ĸҲ⡣
ˣĸֻĸһӣʵһֱϲϾйɣˣȴҪƷһȥ
ֻѰԣ˼ҪԺֻһѵã˵Ҵ塣
ϺԺ徻ģҲʱǰ³Ǹõģ˸ҡ
˵ͷٺòˡô˵ˣҪ΢Щʵڿ˳۵ģ򷢳ȥˡ
΢˶٣֪ǲǵ֮ǰλĻʽ㣬ķиͨС͸ҲЩµģǰΪͨٳٲԸȢޡȢĻʽ㣬ޣҲĻʽһ仰ȻǴǰ⣬ͨҲѾ򷢵ׯȥˡ
ֲҪģŮӶԣ͸ǡ
ָϸ΢һ£Ըлָ㣬֪ġ
֮麺˼䣬󲻹ǾнһЩ飬Ҳ̸̫ѡ飬ЩȣʲôȤҲûټ
ܿ͵ŵʱ򣬸ԭҪţȴܡ
治Ҳûǿֻǽͳ⡣
ʱɫѵóһͷڵӳƲֻ֮һ͡
ɫĹ֮ϣҫ۵ĹΡ
麻صУʳ֪ζţص޼俪ʼϸж֮ǰЩط־
Щͼ඼꾡ġ˸طλҪñī·磬ѡΪ˵ĵط
ϵãˮˣҪǣط֮ˮط֮Ը㣬óס
Ҳʹţ̼־͸ЩϢҲҪ΢һЩ
ҽϾϾԶһǰ磬ټ̻٣ϢͨѰңҲס
ֽϾ֮УԼʵ˵⣬ѰˣҲ̫ġ
ոĻ£ȻҪǰ⣬һдӼ򣬵ǸұϾְ٣ױͶʱ뿪δزС
ȵҲǺʱ롣
ճʱҪǰ⣬ʱڴĩʱɫͲవˡ
ʱֱ࣬ǸʱߣҲײġ
ʱߵĻǾʱĿࡣ
ʱѰų̿㹻뿪Ͼؽˡ
ԽԽԼļ죬ٴϸؿ˿ԼеͼԼĴ齱֮¡
˵ԼеǮҲһͬڴ֮£ڴ齱ߣָ̧ԼĿڡ

ԴԺҲСĽҲĸ״ǰԼ˵ĻҲõ£Ų֪յҲٿֺ˭
ǵԳУԼڽسǰٺãЩϵĹȥҲסˡ
ڸ⡣
ȻѡǰϦԼߣΪ˱˶ĿԼҲѡ
պ˻ƣҲԼ
ڴϱűвЩҡ
Ӧںȫź뿪ȴֲͣظֽոԼ˵Ļ
ױ䣬⣬Ҳһ仰ıߡ
ҲӦ׵ġ
룬ڸ˵ԼǸߵͨʲô䵱죬Щı·
ʱҹ˼ԽƮԽԶܿͻΪỺĺ
ɫһڹΡ
Ͷʮһĩѩ֮ʱ
һǰȥϳֵů¯ž죬ĸھǰϸµΪͷһǸһžеԼգգ۾
ĸΪͷɫС
Ա߿һУ·ѩµ졣
ʱߣ¹Ƥѥյѩһӡǡ
Ȼ˹⣬Ժؾɡȴ³ң븸˵ĸ³һݷСУһûзСУûзŵǷΪ׼ġ
ͥǰѾú׳ˣһܽˡ
ѩʱĺ䣬꣬䡣
ɡָ÷졣
ߵŮʵڿȥҪΪţȴֱСǿؾˡ
һذɡٸߣȴͻȻ˲Զˡ
Ǹ멣ԶԶվڲԶĹǽ֮¡
ѩ䣬һοôÿˣЩ㶣߹ȥؽɡٹǸ˵ͷǡΪסµѩ
ӵʱⶼƬ̡
һʱȫȻˣãֻЦȻ֡

ߵдʱž
ɫڴ֮ϣȻΪʱҴҴ
ɫϣǿʲôڵͫʱѹҹɫ֮Уһ˿һÿ̽
ͻȻ߽һ䡣
û麻ĵʲôȴû߽ʲô
Ц£׼̧뿪ʱͻȻԼߵСָס
ⴹۿ麣۽һƬ衣
֪Լ鱰ӣʱסСָȴûκֻϡ
޵ʱʵܹأҶʲôֻǱûôǺãȻһǣȥЩίӡ
֮ǰڶʱ򣬸ͷһˡ
ֻռССһǣһš
ԭΪϴȴû뵽ڴߵУҲ
ʲôֺһֻ±˶ū
ٴ֮ǰټģȻǧǧɣȴ̲סҹʱ֣ǰߵ
˳죬ڴǰ߹أĻɳ֮УҲδɽĴ֮С
֪Լ⣬л֮ǰԻ̬ȣɽڵоãȥߣߵ
붫ҲǺܽ
վڵкܾãὫԼָŲ
޹¡
ϣڮ֪
ȴվûа취Ŀˡ
л˵
һɣд㣬дٴμ~
~


53 
ѹʱ, ˿ԼıܸоǱҴģ֦ͺ, ȴûǰС
˿ԼµͼƱ, Щκα, Է
վʮˡ
˵ǱǸЩѵõĺ
麵˵ױеΣǽյͼóϸ˿
Ͼǰϵų̿ЩĻ, ʮյĹ⾰ͿԵϣֻҪӵĻ, ʲôľҪ΢鷳Щ֮ʵҲá
ǰЩ꼢ģвյӵһ, ϾֻСط, ȹķǳ, ܵòǳϿ
ʱ, 㹻뿪Ͼؽ硣
΢ЩںʱʱȥϾС, һ·վıҪֻС·ǰϷ·޶Ҫ, һ·϶衣
һ麶޼յ飬һֱɫЩʹĺ, Ժ֮ٴһ, ȷϲ©ԺŽ޵֮еϸʰá
ϴ, Ƭ̣žޡ
һҹΡ
ɫ΢δ
ΪйԲٵطϲĺɫơ
һ˯öǺܰǰʱЩ㱣ߵ˳Լڱ֮µͼƱȷ϶ڵʱ򣬲Ȼѹ
йӶ࣬ǽЩʱԵӲٹӵģǾ춨˻ڣѾǵλˡ
ʵ˶Ҳϡ棬ǰȥҪոֵĶЩȱȱ
ֻʰһ¾ͳջ˺֦һͬͬߵʱúױ޼ľҲһͬϣֻľ֮ǽױҲδʡ
Ųîʱ麾͵˸ĵС
ȼŮ϶ϲɫĸ棬ǰױº͵سЦЦ
麽Լ׼õױڸױԣһֱԡ
лһľУѾױˣ̲סСʵ£ľʲôѽ
麽͵ô
磬ϻЩɵģͷŶһ
ǰױҲЩ븵Ѽ䡣
վڽ侲ؿŸױɨüң֬࣬ϲˣ֮еĻӹ඼ģ£Ҳͬˣǽϲɫü
һֱȵϲḲڸͷϣһԵϲŻ߶߶ڸ˵ż黰žպӣơ
ӭ׵Ѿͣڵ⣬ڵУŵӱС
ҵ֮У麿ŴʱӳսĹ⣬֮ǰƽļͬߵϵһ㣬һһ¡
뵽֮ǰڲ֮нĽϣ뵽ƽ߾ָ̲סġ
ǽտ˳УԼպҲص
һĹҲֻң˵⡣
ȵһӹȥСҲ֪Ĺ
ϾȨϾڵҹϵҲйϵ
ҲΪ޺˴ĻǣԼ˽ϣųɻĻͿĸ׵Լ˵һ㣬Ҹɾһ
ӭ׵Ķ֮У⿴ȥȻ˻
ȻҲ麣̧ӣִһƿߡ
ӭ׵Ĳ跱δϲۣһֱֻƽ͵Ц⣬ֹҲ񣬼ǱϲѣҲκβ͵ɫ
̬ؽ⿪գָ˶˺⣬һֱվڽ֮е麶յˡ
λɾǣ֣һͬ߳⡣
죬졣
ʱеҲҪ֮ͬУһͬȥ֮ͬеǾеһλŮ
麵ľֹ͵Ϊ֮ǰ飬йŮжһס
λŮƬ̣ǳ˸ͷ麺Ѽ䣬ֻ֮ﻰ˼ȴֶ򸵻⡣
ֻԼ̫ӵ²죬ŮʲʲôȣҲδ˵ʲôֻתߵŮ˵ֽϾʱ˵硣
ᣣ֮⿴ȥ
ձϾйӣһ·ҲԵñѰЩеŮ˹ǾеİȴľԻǺϡ
ٰնڽ̺Щɹ֮Ķһ·
־󣬼ʲô˴뿪Ҳע⵽
ʱ͵˳׵լۡվҶҲ˺һԵʯҲźɫ򣬸Ĳ¿ſڵĻ裬ź񣬱֮С
еλŮ֮ǰ˸ûȤʱҲûк麶˵ʲô
֮ǰյĺ򿪣һЩ
վ֮ͥǰȺ֮УиСѵؼȺڵط񷽲ɢڵطĸɹ
Ķ࣬麽մü򵥣ûȺ֮У޶⵽
Ǻ麳ٳٶûнȥվ£
Եȡ
ԭƬ̣ϵһŹԲ̧ߵ˷ŵǸߡ
麸ǿŹԲݵǰ
˳ǽӨ׵ϿȥֻһƯʧĹԼǰ
е㶣ָָԼĿİʵҵģ
麵˵ͷţġ
Լָ·ϲ˲䣬ŻǾòɾڰе˵
ȻСؽӹЦЦ࣬л
麽֮ǰ֮еݸҲǸġǡܲ㣬һæ

֦е棬麷Ǹ˵ʲôЦţ˵ûʲô
̧֦ۿ˿ǸСһ㻬Ⱥ֮뿪ֻһʱ֮ģҲûжʡ
ҹ׵̷Ͼ˴ŷЩÿһв
վڱ֮УһֱеĲɣָںŵľϻ
̧֮ۿ˿ɫ˳۽޲һ£Ժ֦˶࣬Щƣһͬȥ͸͸
֦ܾýյЩԾǾﲻԾҲ˵
ⷬһ£ǸĽŲ
ǰ֮ͥдǽ̸
ĿŲǲžǰУѾ˴ŵ·ߣʱɫѾЩˣǻֵʱıﲻ
Ĭش߹ȵ
ΧԽԽƫƧ֦ס麵Ҫȥ
麲δٲֻϸϸһ¡߷ˮ¼֮йլۡˮһ¡
լˮ֮Уͨһ򶼼Ϊأլۡȵǻεģγ֮ƣ಼ɽͥԺȻǼΪطˮ˲õģ۱ƣƽơ
լֲƫžӦڡࡣ
ԽԽ죬һֱӳƫţͻȻоԼ޹ġ
ջ磬ıͶǰŴƫֻ壬ʲô˾
֮ǰǸȥһֻͨľͺãȻСӵǸǮߣڵʱ䣬úǰȥҲü
ڲŲʱĩŸһͬӹǰģıδǰ
ָ߬𣬴Ӻŵľϻ֮óñƫ֮ȥ
֦ǻЩ㶣Ǻܿȥ
ۡ࿿һСΧլۡΪ磬ԵеĵģֻϵĴɫƮ
ͷñǰɴֻǸضڽ۵ɫڵĳڳϴ˴֡
Щԣʵлع𣿡
ûӦֻ˵
֦Ժ麽е˷ǸȻһƱھߣʱ۪ܵ𣿡
۪أ
һҲϾؽ֮мݳϾļص֪۪أȴûȥ
ɵؿ˿еƱСĲ֪۪صӦıߣ⳵ҲûʲôҪǰطģǮΣ⡭
赣ģһָôߣȵ۪֮ҲһͼƽصϾ
ŵƱСĿٶֵεĳ˵ǡ
ͷñŮɣֿ˿еǮԥ˻һŮɶ£ԼʲôһҧõġСǲ
л
ûãòͻʻ
˿ľ󣬹һŵ£⡭ǻع·
ȫȻ෴ķ
ɻլۡϾź۪ܽһŵ㣬Ҳ˺ܾòŵóĽۡ
۪زϾ࣬ҲϾؽ֮ڣҪûʲôͷһʱδػط
麽һԵľϻ򿪣ǰĺ֦ȷǻع·
гƱһЩ԰ΣƽҪ뿪Ͼˡ
֮ǰ֦ýյЩԾ˵仰̲סСһ¡
뿪գգۣ棿ΪʲôҪ뿪Ͼ
̧ۣܱǸڲŸ֪ǣͷҲǰղſʼģ΢Щִ٣ڳ䶨ǰܸ֪ˡ
侲ضǰ˵ҺڵΪҵŮ뿪ڹҲ洦һҪһģǶ˾ױƳȥġҲΪԼо޹ܵǣԽգҲһͬ˳
֮ǰûиѡȨҺܱǸڣ麽ԼƱݸǣЩǮѾ㹻ѰˣҪȥ۪أҪ۪ؾ뿪Ҫһͬǰϵԡ
ͻıú֦Щס
ϾǴʱһֱڹУ֮٣ûȻͻȻؾҪ뿪Ͼǡ
ȷӦūԸһͬǰϡ¼ȻѾѡūҲһֱ֪Լʲô԰ģūŵ¡
áѾǹ󲻱ػҵˡѣ֦֦֪Ըߣڴߵ롣ڿԻɣƱһЩΣǧ㹻պڲһͬ뿪ϾҲ㡣
֦麵Ͽ˺ܾá
ƽͣҲ̽ǵģֻҪ뿪ȵ۪صվҾͻ뿪ȥﶼԣպҲΪūΪ澣Ժú
ָ̧֦⼸еƱ
ȴ˲䣬ܿȥ
ҧۿже죬Ƕͻľ޴룬ֻǵһغľȴ
ָ֦Ǳ̵һջ˺ܾòʵǲǡң
ȷʵǲϲӣȻҲȴǵ˴ߵ
ȷʵߣ⹬ū澵ģȻԽԽá
Ҳ֪
֦뵽֮ǰԼζ˵ĻʱҪԼҲҵЩƱ
ֻǿôһ仰
ʱ̸ʲôģҪ
֦Ҳֻ˵ôʵĵزʲôҲΪڴġ
֮У麺ҡҡͷڴߵôãӦл㡣
֦˺ܾãŵҲ롭ͬСһͬǰϡ
֦ҪȺЩܹǸӦ麵˵ͷ֮һʱš
ʱЩʵС㵽ΪʲôŲϾ
ѡ͵͵뿪
仰ûʳڡ
Ȼڹв⣬Ҳǹ׷ʧȥһݣҪΪһͨˣŮˡ
ΪʲôܸԸЩԸ룬ҲҪ뿪Ͼأ
벻ס
麳ĬƬ̣ûʲôֻǲ˶ѡ
Ļֹڡѡǰ;δ֪֮Уȴǲ⽫֮ǰ֪Լйһ顣
룬Ӧòڡ
ʱ˵ƢЩǿδǺ¡
ȷǺ£ڡ
Եͼıģ̫֮ĽףԼΪĳ롪
֮УֻԼڰеһϸС˿ǰ;δ֪ȴǹעһ
Щƣ룬û˵ֻһС
ȷǼΪֻ֮ͨһСʲôҲûˡ
֮ҲΪƣ˶ԵЩխ
Ż֮УŪԼָҲûг
ֻ֮ʻ⣬˳
ܿ͵˶Ŵ
Ҫм飬ѰʱʵҲúϿֻ˽ؾеֻ֮࣬ƻﵽʲôеҪ΢ɷһЩ
麾֪һ㣬ֱӴӳǵġ
Ѿͣ£ΪչҲҪΪЩٳٶûŵǵ
ԭڳһСãں档
ȻǾ״ģүҲǸؿ͵ģʲôҪ飬Ҿе֮ġСĸҰмµģŶͲͨͨڣ
˵˼䣬Щû塣
֦ͺʱҲЩƿһ⿴ȥ
ʱɫѾЩˣϽճŴ֣ģҲЩ塣
ǷᣣЩĵض麵С㡣
麳ҡҡͷܿ΢СЩҲ֪ʲôǾ㵵صͺһ
ѵôҵˣ
һ·ϸܿˣͺܶ࣬δʲôط飬յ˵ңҲô졣
ǵĳߵȴֲ֪ΪʲôЩģǾȲ
֪Ƕ˭˵ġ
ӱ˿麵㣬ƿñ
Ͼ¶棬ŴȻҲϵԼ
˼Ƭ̣Լñµɴ
ȴڴʱǡöһ˫ɫͫʡ
Ȼǡ
ɫЩ䵭κβɫزʶģ
ԱߵܳЩĵһؿ͵ⷬ̽ʵЩ𽵹ˡ
һȴ˼¡
麿˵ϸһ¡
뿪
⻰ǲ׼Լ˼
ָ𣬲ɫص˵ͷ
ָᣣվƬ̣Ȼȴֶ
ҿ԰㡣
ָʵԸܻĶ飬Ͼ뿪£˵Ҳ˵СҲС˶ժøɾ˶һ֪Ǳ͵˵Ҳ
ǻ֪ԼȴǷ뿪ȴʵЩ˵ȥ
ڣҲѡˡ
麳Ц¡
һִľٿȻ麵ֱߡ
ּ죬Ҫ˵ߵδߵĺ֦δ
ǰͣþЩվһԵЩͷԣЩֿ˿麡
һҲ֪ΪʲôλСʧˡ
ϾãʵǳЩˡ
ץĥţԼʱվԶЩãǿڳСá
ţȴͻȻе᣷
С̧һӣаɡ
л˵
һ
~


54 
šֵľƱ麵С
, ˻˼
ľƣ˻ΪԼû·, ӹٵ, ֻҪóľ, Ҳ
ָвһľƣȥʱȴȻԼϣһκ, ɫСΡΡǴԵøӨ
ױʱԥܾ, ǽ⴮Լ֮ϡ
ϾҲǼֵǵʯǵȵպͶ·ˣȥ浱
ܺùպ˵ĴߵС
, 麿Լ, ȴ̲סָǴС顣
Ȼ뵽˸⡣
ɫѾȫ, ҲͷԼ뿪Ͼ, ϾѡڼæҪ, Ӧûжע⵽Լ
ǵȵإǰȥŷԼ뿪ʱԼӦѾ쵽ˡ
麱ϾǵһѾ, ƿ᣿˿漱ӹľ󣬿Զƽ࣬һ޼ʵҰ֮ǳγкµɫ
ʮ, ҲԲ, ֻȱһꡣ
е뵽ʱ, ÿĩҪص򣴨ϵլ֮С
еʱҲҹ·ꥣĸ׵ļͷؽ˫ִڳأеʱөϸСƻǵɢڿҰ֮ϡ
ڣպߺ
麳֣˿⼲۶ķ磬ϵС΢ػζ
ΪСԷУһ·ͨ裬ǳ麵ָ£δʱ͵۪ء
麽֮ǰԼġͼλϸؽԼñãʱλԼ֣СֻŮǰ⳵ĵϾʲô𣿡
򺩺ЦЦСҲǸиģ»ҪڳǱ߼¼ڲᣬ˭֪ǡ˻Сֵ׼Уһ·϶ͨ裬СӾʲôҲ׻ġ
ģ˵ôһҲָ˵仰Ҳûʲô̸˼úһ²
ñ֮ϣл
*
Ȼѵõϲ£ԵزѾã̫æֻǱ˺ҡ
ƽΪλ̫ӵ£ǰĳ涼ӭ̸֮
ϾǶˣֻһ棬Ҳ˲ٹٻǰ̸
ǳ治֪ΪʲôЩŵģ֪Щʲô
Ƴߣλ浽ʲôˣ⾩һǶԶҲֻ˸ۣȻǳ沢δڣȻҲûеʳ
Ҳֻ΢ĥ¡
ʲôԶ⡣
˶ö֪λȴļ٣ǹ磬бʮһΣ
ڶ࣬ǱϾմѪɷǴϲӣȻ켣УҲֻ⿴޴ˡ
һֱݽѳɣѾ֮ʱ
լۡΧĽöδڿӰŴæض֪ߵ̴ӡ
ǰլۡλ沢Ǹ̴ӣլжƹһ飬ȴûпµӰ
û˱ȶ˸ζʲôλֻо͵׹ҵ֮£Ҳδת¸ߴء
ɫѾ
££Լ½ǰ
ʣĽլ֮ۡѰϾǵһʱ֮յϼӰѿسԱݻǣ
ûּ֪⵽˭µģΪʲôֻȨϾˣҲֻȡ
дżּƽϣҲҶȥȨ֮飬ǱҲûʲôá
ֻڼƫƧط̲סʵС䶼յּλֵʦڣ
ԱߵĿʾȻߵľԺ͵·˵ͷһ
СӣҪ㣡ּˣҲ֪ǸʲôݣҲ۵ģ
ѹЩָָ£ӽ£ôԴֻǸ˵Ĺˣ

ǰ˾ദһ׮£谵֮гų¸ζںľ֮ϣ̬΢Եеɢз紵İƻ𱻷紵ûλƵģؽָϣһûһµߵš
˵
̧ЦЦ˵̰ʱ򣬵ûĺù
ߵǰЦ
ûϵ˲Ը˵Ļеǰ취ô˿ڡ
˾һڶȫȨӣҲûȨ˸
˾ľ޶ãɫֽ̧ӹһ̴ӵݹ״ֽ֮ͫڵĮŲʲôɭĵطҲȻԵôݲȡ
쳣
ɨдĶ̧Ц£ֻԸˡ
һԵ̴æӦǡ
̧뿪˾ࡣ
ѾȺ˾⣬߳æɡӭȥ
ꡣ
ѾǴĩϾǵĴһ򶼺̣ܶȻѾ˴ĩ˷磬
ƲֻΪз紵֮УԳ
渵ɡһ·ߵ˶
վ鷿֮Уϸؾ˾Լ֣һһøɾ
̱ߣٿȻؿڡ
¡
ָ̧ۣ򥣬
һ£ֻʮһϯ˹磬ͷֻ࣬ǰбΣʱöδӰڸۡѰȴ޹
֮ϵֳʱġ
Դ˴۽ޣ
ʱ˿Ѿһʱܲ鲻ʲô
ز̧ͷֻĹ⣬һʱϾǣȻսδڹߣǻ統еÿǶв̽쳣ڷ֮в̽Ȼ֡뿪ġ
̴鲦Ūһ١
û˱ȴظΪ֪롣
ȶ£ϣ֮ЩϵԽһ˳е²سеЩ
Ȣ
ԵʦƵĵҩѾӣ̫ҽԺǱߵ˵ǣǿ³Ųˡ
˵̫ѡǴʼգҲֻһ˰ˡ
ض˶٣ֽ˵նСԷйһи˵ǸңΪܿ׼УЦЦʱӦʱĩǰ뿪ġ
ƽز˽յ顣
ͷβŶû¡
ʱ뿪أеѾ߶һͬߡ
󣬲ֻҪߡ
Ƿ´ŵȷѽ⣬ȻǴܣҲվֲһĸԸ
վڵУٳٶûеȵӦ
еÿһ˲ûڴ¶Щ㷣׼̧ͷķӦʱȴ̧ͷ˲䣬ٿȻУ̵
쳹޵С
̴緽ֽɡϵ꣬ɢһأȴڶ޵֮ڡ
⴮ֳԸʱһֱ֮ϣӱ߹صϾһֱȨȴڴʱɢڹɼ˵ʯ̾͵ĵ֮ϡ
ƻζɫ䡣
̴Ȼ
ȴãʱɢһصģŲ⴮ֵǵ̴ֳ֡
оãֻӵײ֮Ƭ̲Ъײ˵ļ䡣
þöδھš
м̴䵽˴ؽűߣԥһ£ʰһԵľ֮ϡ
ߵߵʱ̲ס̧ۿ˿ʱɫ
ҲֻǴҴһۡ
ֻλ̫ӵ´ʱ۽޴£ͫʱţʵʲô
¶谵ĵƹ֣ȥȴЩ
˴ӵ⡣
ʱŴǴֳֵĺڵĮ֮ͫеİӿǳ
ؾĬһԣڴʱ޵ͻȻߵ졣
¡˶˶٣СͻȻǰ˵֪о̣ڶ⣬𷣣Ѿжʱˡ
Ȼ
ŷ塣
֪Υ壬Դʱǰ
Ѿҹ֪Ӧ뿪Ͼؽ磬Բڴʱǰ
ʱƮꡣ
ϲκβɫָȴûӦ
ƬԺŵ֪ˡ
˵仰ԺٿȻ̧ۿ򴨰أʵȷ뿪ģ
ԥһ£Ȼ˵ͷǵġǹӶǰ֮ǴŮǰƫ뿪κ˸ԤĺۼҴߵеϸҲѾãȷǡ뿪ġ
û˵ڵǣ뿪Ӧʱ⣬ǰﻮΪ֮
лΪڣͷ࣬ȷ뿪ĺûᣬ֮ǰ֣ȴΪ뿪׼
۽΢˴һָսɢһص̴顣
ؾԣܾԺǰȥҹ䣬һ·ѭ·ھ֮ڲңӦҪãܽ´
ܻ˫ۣ¹һ¡
ԳΪĿ֮ӣȴʱٿȻһǰܵζ
ɽɾ
ص˺ܾò
ˡڣȫͺá
л˵
裺δдѧ
ovo


55 
һ·۳Ͷ, Խϣɽûתһ޼ʵƽԭҰ
Ѯ, ů, Ļʹ, ƬƬƮɢ֮С
һ·Ԥ֮лҪ˳˼ڳ΢Щ鷳⣬ǿľƶûϣһ·˳ͨصִｭϡ
ΪѾϾǧ, еʱᾭС
һķбϾѷɫ٣вٰΪý̼, һҲᡣ
麲֪Ͼʲô·һʱ, ȴκ쳣, Щ֮˵һ, Ǹء
, ӯ粣Ůɴζ, ·֯ߺ˷洦ɼ˵ظ
ڿջסʱ, Ĵ֮УһϾ֮ʵ̶ۡ
Ҫ˵ϾҲûʲôϡ, ֻǲ֪֪֪, , ĴֱԼϻ˻լۡ涼˷ôһˣȫ棬˵վҪˣڹﱻ󣡡
ϣʲôңϾȨ󣬵ʮӶʮŲ̶һ£˭ֽ֪ģ
̶Ϣ֪ȻҪѰտЩţҲЩŽӲ磬̨ô˵ϵǵλˣ
Ҳǲֹģֻ⻰ʳ֮һԵ˻ⲻ˾ĬƬ̡
飬̸ã˵ʲô˵ñ˴ȥһ֮֡
ɫҲЩڨڨָָָ̧棬£Щá˵ЩˣȾƺȾƣ
ڴľ֮ϣСһǰ衣
ѹñת¥ȥ
δڹͣãڶ뿪
Ȼִԫꡣ
ԫͼϵһС磬λڹ֮УռغСͼ֮ϼֻ֥һĴС
֮ǰڴߵ˺ܾãܵС֮ԥһѡеԫꡣ
һֱʱ麻мֲʵĸо
ΪϾǴ̫ãڹ֮д꣬Դ˿뿪㱡
У˵ȫȻİġ
ҲȥżǣѰҵУҲ໹δֻǲſʼװˡ
ȴ˴ǰݣһδȥĵط
ԫ굱գϸꡣ
ϵ࣬˵꣬ȴɢ֮С
ԫУҲֻһҿջѰҲûʲôסҲֻǳݵʱסգԳ塣
ҿջɫЩģǰ˸Ƿ͹Ǵ⻹סꣿ
֮ǰڹʱϵƱǰľϣסꡣͷͷˡ
ԭۣҪ˯˯ģֻ̧ۣһλͷñŮɡվ΢ЩްĴ֮ڡ
͵ش˸飬Ƭ̲æͷӦϣ͹ԵƬ̣Сȥɨ
лЩ˼ͷܳſ¥֮ȥ
ýеľʲһ£ȻԺ֦֮ǰǵǶǵ𣿡
˵ͷ˿ˣСū澼ǵõġСΪţĸϲĸҲѾˡСǹģΪ̫լۡʵڰеԲǰԫ궨ӡ
麵˵ͷա
΢˶٣ָʶزϵС飬ɡ
֦Ȼһۣ˵ͷ
ڿͷ֮аٺԺ󣬴ʱɫ磬Ҫȥһׯլ˴
Ͼ׼ڴ˳þסլۡ飬ȻΪá
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Ų˶٣ָ򥴦ɢʼɡ
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ЦǰˣǹµĻãǹҪȢΣ
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56 
˼յꡣ
˿û֮, һһ
ׯլǱߵĵϸ˿˺üգڼլ֮ۡ˼˺ܾ, ѡһˮСլ, ޼ƿ, ԿԶǶ
ҪϾʪ٣ǿҪˣˮҲ΢Щ
⴦լ֮ۡǰ˽ʱȴȻ˲ٵ˼ʯǽ֮һЩռ, ӵײҲ˿͸שʯľΪʪɵ, Ҳڵʪûôء
ɨطʪ˯Ų塣
֮ǰȥʱҲһЩ, Գȥеʪ
ʱ޼䵭ķϢ, վڴ, ˿ԶĽˮ, Ȼֽ̧һꡣ
Ϊǿ쵽յ꣬Ҳû⡣
֮ǰʱҲ˳˲鼮, ԫ黭Ӵźܾöûʲô˹ˣûʲô⣬һ뿪ʼ±ζ, һ黭ģٲ鶼ǲ֪ԵģȥͰ͵ġ
϶մЩ±ζζ, ֦ȥѬѬ˺ܾòûζ
麴ʱ޼, ѡ˼, ַ˼£ʱȴЩɺҳϣת޼䡣
⼸꣬жϢ
ڵϿ֮ǰȥĲ磬麳Ժ󣬳ЦЦС㡣
ӦȴʱǡÿԺ
סڸڵĴ
Ӹں棬ее棬Լѵ°ڣҲ濴
麳ɡȥԺŴ򿪣ӭ
ղŰģס⸽Ū˲Ƕ࣬λסڼԶ⣬ŰǼλңʰһԺ䡣
ԺŴ򿪣ŴЦЦʲô𣿡
Եۣö˴ﱳͯߣǺģܿͽͷ˴ı
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ժˣ滹ˮ
лֽ̧һصĲ˽˹
Ȼ󻽺ȥЩϹ
ɡϹǸͯȻϵĲҲŷ
룬ȴûߣֻԼͯ˵ӣȻȥȥ
Ǹӵͯص˵ͷе㲻˼ؿ˿麣˲ȣȻԼȥ
֮ǰԫ˰ɣʣԫס˼ʮ꣬ļôһλҲܲõġ
麵˵ͷǹʿ
ꣿŹģҲǸ˼ҵС㣬ϴЩ󣬡ô͵ԫСط
ԺϾҲҪ֪ġ
صȻǹģĸѾˡɷǰЩʱˣżҿҲϲҸ˳ڲԫ꣬Щӡ
ԭ¹ѡ
Щ꣬ϾͻȻôλòСӣԭţĪļҵңֻĸĸ򷢳ϾԫϾ겻Զˣ¥ȻҲ٣̼ϲ֮УǰҲûй顣
麣οżҵǸɱǧģоô¸ϳģôԺҲǸûֵģⰲסţԼ徲ӣҲǹв٣
麳ЦЦá
ֶ˵˼䣬ͻȻ뵽Լлżżظϣʱ꣬Ժǰ̨Ϊʧޣ˲̦״򻬡
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Ȼ֮ǰ⣬ֻȮȴһ㶼ݹᾣ÷ʷʶ̶̵ģë޵βͻȥ麵ȹߡ
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Ժþˮϴŷŵˣ麱һֻȮеǰȥСȮԴ
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˭֪ʹ˸ΪΪ𾪵һ׮Ϣ
̫ӵǰʮһ˽
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̫Եӱ߹ػʼһֱΪ˳ޣô´©Ԩe֥
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ԵۿƿѣĿѣݺݵؿվԼǰĸ⣬ԼɳƵɤӺˣ
̬ɢվڵУ˿û˼
ۣԼָ䡣
ԵۻãҲû˿ټ֮УֻʣԼ͸⡣
ӣʼԵ۾һֱϲֻΪǸ̫ۣԵֹһεҪ̫ӣԭ߹أΪǰ棬˵ǼǻѪҲսʿȴ˵ʹڱ߹ˡ
˭֪ⲻûŻūսĹصϾ
Դ֮󣬷̫ӾԽѡ
Ϊڱ߹صʱ򣬸սΪǰ棬˽
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ģӦǸʲŶԡ
赭дЦЦҲֻиϲŻᵱŸʻܳŵ̫ӵ죬ҲǣͬСǱҲΪˣѵʵΪԸزڴ
Ե֮ǰһγܿʥϲǳ֮࣬Ѿ
ʣĻҪôСҪôһǸҷ
οн֣Ȼʱ򴫳ϢܹҲã˵ף˵Ǳǰʦ֮飬Ҳδɡ
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üͷѵ³֣͵һѪŻ
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̫ӵп˽ûжλʢĴ˿Ӱ, ùʱ̬ҲȻǰǰݲȡ
ȻԹʹֻǷ׷ŵ, ԣ
Щ˻, ׮ԣǲġ
µ۵ǻĴգ¾Ĭ, Թ˳վڵС
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ַһڳкǷңֻǺ̫꽥, ճǽȥ
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һǽǰĹǨǣպλȵǿȢĹΪϸ
Ϊլֽ̰ۡӡ
Ȼûʲô֪ڶµʲô˼½йأȻв뵽֮ǰ׮ԡ
¾ǻ֮ȴһ˶ûУλ嶼λãȴû˸顣
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΢ů֮УԭһֱüԺŻ񣬲˼ضô𣿡
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˵ҫһԼֱۣ֮ǰ䣬˲أʲôػ
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ֻ˿¨У˵Ȼǣǻֺãȥġ˿Ųôϲ˵ĵȴܺãĥգԭΪӦģǰһ׽ˡ
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ԫ֮ǰ˲ǿŮ飬еɣֽŹҲ˼
ⴹۿżϵݣȻŪһԼе̴顣

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˵ʷǰ븸оɣǸֱĸĸ٣ﲢǺԶȥлΪܿͿԼʷǰȥϸ¡
֦յʲôɽһ㣬͵ȥ־£͵ҡҡͷ
麿˿Ժ⣬˵ôЩ˵ĿңڲĻδزӳ졣ǴǮǰ꣬üĻܾҡ
˵꣬еŵС
֦᷿ûжãСԺžͱ͵߿
СԺľţܲסʲôֻһţ֮Ͷ
ԺվʮٱΪ׵ǽ֮пǸС䣬ϻһЩЦ⣬麵Сӣּˡ
Ҳº͵Ц⣬Щɻ󣬡ջѾ֪λүǰǣ
СЦҲ֪СĲ׻װĲףµˣҲˣ糨촰˵ȻǹүĵƣС¿ı˸ȥܱССԫã
СԵã麵ǿݴʷϵؽҲŵĹٶСʶ࣬ھͺúúߣҲЩƤ֮࣬ϾСϸƤģǵЩ˿ˣպǴʷ˵Ҫأ
ԭݴʷ
Եʱٵطı;֮ǰѡԫʱ֪մʷǸ֮ݷˡ
˼ּƽϣȴԡ
ٱѾΧСԺ뷴Ҳ޼£ȹȥ㡣
ԫ겻󣬲һĹ򣬾͵ة
ԫҲԫѹ˲֬࣬ۡС֮ԵøݻֻԶԶžΪơ
ſŵĻֻ룬ԭصģΪС֮УҲ˹Щ
ۡ涼ǳȣȪƽףعˮں֮ϣɽᾣܽ滹ŵ
ʱգԺдУֻǲ˴ֻ֪Ĳľ֪£ľһ𣬿Щġ
ʱͷ磬ع棬紵Żε˼¡
վߵСֹţаţôΧʲô˶ûУ
ȷͥԺΧԭӦɨˣֻЩҶٲãҲЩ˾
£ȴǿһ˵ģ
ԱߵСҲ̲סӵǰôһ˶ûСүﲻһϲ𣬿ԺвЩɨôһ˶
Ϊ׵Ĺٱ·˵˵ͷĿʾһ麣ûƼ¶ڹүҪýȻԽ֪ԽãԺеЩǲ˳ȥҲȻ
˵СӦǣǰˣȴĥ
ôܾãЩ쬵ģڲѾС𣿡
⻰û˽ˣΪ׵ĹٱӦֻ̧̧򥣬麵ү档
һ˵ţһ߻ģض˸Ķ
ӷſʼ麾;еԾ
ֱһ򶼺׼
ǰţ֪ΪʲôļͻȻʼ
ϵСϣ΢һ졣
ǸԬ
ֻ˵Ǹݴʷ
ֱȴˣ֮һ
ʱ緽ǰ侲ָкϸ΢һ¡
ʱգԺԶԶشңԶú쳹ʡ
ͻȻǳӿ֮С
̤ǰһ˲䣬ǰӦϡ
ʶĳ
Ϥ̴ζһ˲ͽ麵ĸй֮С
ٿȻֻ̧ۣů֮£ذƽڵ̴ľϡ
޳ָɫص̴飬Բ̴ָ们ĵָ𪣬Ȼְֻ棬ȴȻ컵ζ
һ򶼴ݣǰڹ֮ⲼݻȴҵةҲ
˫iǳ
ڵƻԳһӰ׵ļǼůһɫ
⿴ͫʣȴǻްģκġ
ʱڸλ֮ϵˣʲôݴʷҲʲôԫ
Ļ֣¾⡣
麸оԼļǱ͵׽ˮУϡͿֲԼʱǾŶһЩҶһЩ
ΪպȻǴȨգ˻ƵˣȻڴ˿̣ԫ꣬Լǰ
û￴
麻Ȼ֮ʣ̲סһ
ΪʱĶĿްһ˲
̧߹ס·
̴ζ֮ǵض麵ȫ
⸩麣ʵڻӵȥţ
л˵
С֣ϲܿǰ棬дһ¼
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59 
ʱת˲, ڽϵϸУʵʱ뵽
ϾʱǺ¶ҹ, ϸʱ
˿ڿഫǸ괢, ڵǻ¾, ȴ׵Ļ֡
Զǧ֮⣬ΪµӣԼҲκεĽ
ȴ֮, ʱڵͫз, ȴִԸ֪Ļް
βƣƮƮҡҡ麵ļ䡣
˼ǳʪĽ꣬·, εΡ
ܶ, ǡɷ, ;˵, ʼûа취ġһ
麴ű˭֪˿νǰ, 
麴ʱܲ븵ӣڵѾãϾ, ѵΪ̫ѡҪ˶Ŀ
ָ߬һ£뿪Ͼ, ڻֶǳȫ, ֻȫ, ֺαң
ۿŵС飬ʵΪҪȢ˭
룬Ȼص֮ǰҲĸʵߵѰһΣҵý΢ڻ¶ʵϵĵλý㱾Ҫ񲿵˳¡
˶٣֮ǰڹϵճŮǣждպĶ̫֮λҪϡ
ʱ򣬾Ȼز
⿴Цˡ
ֽŵ̴һԣȻٿȻֵ̧ס麵ľ󣬸
δ˵Ļ˻ȥ
ͥĲ˲ңԶУǱʲôһ㣬ֻʣЩϸ΢
麵ļһСԲ۽ޣŴʱĸ⡣
֮ǰްڴʱڣΣȴָǸʰ·磬־ܡ
ʱǴųͽζսһһʸ麵ļ䡣
׾ٵصֿ麵ĳݼ䣬ָҲ˳Ƶָֽ䣬ʮָۡ
ָеΪʱ̴飬̴ζ
Ͼһ·ϵʱ򣬸ûжĹ뿪ʱûƬԥ
ԫʱ򣬿վǰʱվֻʣ̾һ
ʰ·硣
⡣
ǲǶԻҲãֻԼ֮ǽҲã⡣
Ҳˡ
߾ͺá
ʱ䴦þе飬ЩԸŲֺڶϭŭ׵ʱҲһ˿
ЩԳ뵭Įȴڼ˲ʧ
ָѹľ󣬺Ħһ¡
ѹһϸ΢ĴϢͻ¹ʮָ۵ֱѹС֮ϡ
еĴдֱϴļȴִ⣬ĸ֪С
麿ʱ۾ĮʧһƬ衣
ʱĻ
еƣѰĮͫʴʱӿã㻹𡣡
ʱ𣬶˵ûʲôΪҲûνߡ
ã㶯ģΨһģ֪ΪΪ֮
Ȣˣʼն㡣
Ҵ˿˵ǰ¹磬Լˣ붼롣
ָ۽麣ûһ˿һѵء
ȴ̹ϡ
֮ǰϾֻǲЩϵĴԣҲΪеʸ֮ġ
Ŀϣе᣺֪㲢ϲǣڹǾڹǣĻڹҲãֻҪ߾ͺá
ٿȻ̧ۣȻߡ
˵⻰ʱһ΢
ƼҲ⣬ֻҪ߾ͺá
ʱʼһֱǸ߸ϣʼմݲȵ̫ӵ¡
й΢ʱ
룬ʱԼҲǶĵġ
ֻǵ㶯ǡ紺ʱһܿʧ
Ӧöۻ𣬿ȴװ֪
ֻΪһģһˣѪ޹顣
е꣬ѧģǽС΢
ʱ麿Ÿͫʣ̲סһԼָ
һ۽ޣȻԼߡ
Ⲣûд˼ֻʮָ۵ֱѹСϣĦһ¡
ھĬ˺ܾãϵС
ص֡롣

ͥԺʮٱϵǰţΧʼһ˶ûУͣ
ͥԺžҲ쬵ġ
Ϊ׵ĹٱҲһԾĥŵȷеаţôһ˶ûУ
˵վһԵĹٱ㣬ȥǱûУ
ԱߵСͷؾԱߵ᷿ȥ
Խߣ֪ΪʲôԽе⡣
˹ˣةԫֵĵطˣԬ˼ɨҲ࣬ôһûУ
ԴôĥҴҾߡ
ǶԫĹٱ϶嵶⵶ҲǳӴģҪ˵ˣЩ˿ӡ
С䱧Լ嵶صͥǰ
ͷͷײ˹ˣ֪Ϊʲôô£һ˶ƲѲǹүЩʲôİûǸ缸˵
Ϊ׵Ĺٱǰ°̧̧ͻȻζЦЦ
Χٱ֣ǽղҲǸСӣΣ
⻰һԱССеڰ˲űһ䣺áÿ
ٱСӶ֪ÿǹү֪ܲ𣿷ǸѸ˵ùүǲ˳ȥΪˡ
⻰˵һ룬ͻȻһ
ɢݵĺ
δ˵ڵĻӲʻʺ֮С
һվŵСƼ⸱ŵøԼĵȴԼҲһ˲ͱסʺ
ֻ֮ࡣ
С̧ͷֻȻϢԺеˣһ޵װɫխ¾װŵĽɢźѪζ
ǵɱ˵ġ
ЩС඼ԫˣ鲻аŮԬҫˣɱˡ
ȻԺˣȴֲǻСطģ
ٱȶɸʵ⡭ЩúңǲԼүԺǵλú֪֪ǡ
Ļδ䣬ͻȻǰһֱպϵͻȻڴʱ򿪡
߳ˣȴֲԬ
ɾһذ׵Ľ£ȴǳٲȻԫʿ
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ٱʵе벻ףȻͿ˷ǸСӣǸһͬ߳
ȻЩȻ˶ŷǸɾ¡Щô
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һݴʷԫ˵ҲҪͷͽĶ
ɾЩȴ¡
ЩС¼ӿܶûгԫ꣬Ĺ٣ҲԬľƷ֥١
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ةռƫΧլۡЩ٣ΪԬѰʱΧһ˶ûУȫة
˹ؽŵµ˼ûöԹ¶ôѲ£
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麻ȥС·ϣλ
ڵСϣ麵飬һˣһ߳̾ģлֵģҲ֪Щʲô
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һ˵ţ͵ע⵽վˡ
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ֻ˼ذ׵Ľ£ҲԶѰˡ
е㶣Ŀ麺͸֮תһ£λǣ
ֱڿ죬ʵСӲΪţûô𣿡
֮ǰֻҵһڣû뵽ʱἰ
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ЦӦҾŵķ
̲ס࣬ϴɫŸʵ⣬ôֻˣ
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Ҳ֪ɾ˵ĻǼ٣Ҳźɫһؿ麡
麿һԵĸһۣŴ￪ڽֳͣƽʱϲ˵ЩЦĪҪ⡣ƽ»ΪҵֳҲǵٵģŽҾ˻պﲻٵģԫ겻ǿռŮˡ
ﻹЩ£麵ԭСвôиֳ
룬λֳѪףֻҵ֣֮ǰЩδˣ˴ǡ֪ҷѣǰԫꡣ
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̧Ц¡
СĵվߵɾʵԬɲʲôǵˣСӣֳܴԬ°ֳǸʲô٣󣿡
뱲Ӷԫ꣬ȻûмĹˡ
е֪ôشɲشҪһ㡣
Ȼ˵ͷԭٴһѹô˵СƽǺõġ
û뵽麾Ȼȫȫβػָпһûӽ֮ǰժĹϹݸ麡
СűһЩϹգգۣ׼麵ʱһֱվһԵĸͻȻҾͺá
Ӳ֪Ϊʲôеһ˵͵һ飬嶼ͦñֱ
ͬͬŵؽϹݸ⣬Ȼ˵л
˵ĺ
ݲоеϪˮʯͷеʱ
ͻȻе㲻˼㵽˴ֻһССԴֻ۾գգ͵ؿ븵⡣
Ҳл븵صСԺ֮С
ȻֻǰգȴʱǨе㱡
ٲŸ⣬֮ǰֻ˸ڣϾﶨӣԲ˵Լ¹ѣȻûʲôŵķ
ۿ֪
Ȼֺ֪α˵Լʬʲôģ㿴㷽Űѻŵá
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˶ٽӵֻǽڣǸ˳ķҲֻҡ
л˵
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60 
⻰˵ò๡
ʱվĵطԼϸѡСԺ, ԶĲﻹܿеĲˡ
úܸߣСԺԣԵеơ
麵˼ȴֲ֪Ϊʲôڴ˿, ͻȻ뵽˷ڻ谵ƻ, Ǹǡ
̧, ƣȻȻءĴϡ
սİȵĴ
麺ܿƿߣҵŮ֮ǰΪұ, Ҫǰȥ٣ڼȻѾƽ, ܲܰæһ
ԡܿʹ𣬡ֻǻã²ûлæ
ʱ̸л, 麾ͺѲ뵽֮ǰڴߵ, Ǵνл
ָһԼ, ֻ˼Ƭ, ȻͻȻţһһ¡
ʵĺܼ򵥡
޷, ֣ܹӲ
֦ͺܾ, һֱ˽ϣȻϣǶƽݡ
ΪͻĶѵõϳһɫ
ܻһ, Ȼ, ȷԼǲΡ
Ȼ, ¹һ¡
ȻоǱһëط䶼˿˿Ƶ⡣
ֻһ롣
ڴʱԼϵ̴ȡһţҲùʱļǵضĲ
麷Ǳ̹һ㣬л񡣻ڿ԰æ𣿡
һرߣ޳ָϷűǹĵطе졣
ȻѰǰϻѩ֮ǰѾҵǣŷ档
麵˵ͷŸͷǰ֮Ƭ̣ȥһǡ
֦ͺûܶԶͱ˻
ǴʱŷĽ棬ȻŷЩɫˣǵѪģ̲סС
һ߳һߵô죬±Ⱥץôл·
֦ϸһ·ŽǴȺˣͻȻǾãȺ˺֮ǰߵµĲͬһˡ֮ǰߵµֻس֮еĹٱСطôܸɱˣԫֲʲôʱ׼֮˵ĵط
ȻͬһˣԽǴȺδеģȻѾߣɱ˸һ˰ˣ
ӣе£ǣǰǹصΪʲôһ仰˵
֦ȻҲֻ֪ǳĬ߬߬ԼеƣԺڰɡҲԴУ»ǸةŷиСԴȥ
æ˵ͷ
ǻ˵껹ûжã˲ԶĽŲ
뵽֮ǰȺŵѩɫµر˫ֻۣһС쿴ˡ
ŷ֨ѽһƿ߽ˣȴǡ麡
ɴ۾֦Ҳеš
ҸҪǣŷţȻû
麸Ǽ򵥵ؽһڵԭֻǲ죬¾Ҳʱŵòһ״Ρ
֦е뵽ˣûǰ㾪ȡ
ȻͬڹУǺλ¾ĴҲָÿնڴߵȴ֪ʲôʱ븵ǣġ
֦麣ͻȻʵԵµǰͻȻҪ뿪ϾΪǰ̫ӵ£ڵ¾𣿡
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麴ۿ˿֦ŵƣּдһ֡
ңŷ塣
뵽ǻԷԼǣƾ踵ֶΣ֪ܲ˭Ϊ֮
ʵ麺ʸԻôõģ뵽֮ǰԼÿʱķӦδŪɳ׾ˡ
ǰľƣȻָľ֮ϣ֦ķơ
Űɡ
麿˿ΧȴûӰʵأ
֮ǰұһţ֮ǰȺµˣҺ֦ˣԭһԺˣȻͲ֪ܵȥˡ
ܶûŷȥԺȥѰ
ƽǺϲҴܣ裬ϲв˵Ĳˣ¸⣬ʱ˲ǰ˯
麸С棬ԲĶƤ̹¶š
СԺ֮һȦûҵټ룬̧ߵǰ֮С
ʱ̬һС֮ϣһֳ򥣬ſȱߣ۽档
ۣµؿȴûʲôֹ˼
̧ۿ麣̧ĺ󾱽
ڵͿеתһȦʶ̵֫ڿаһ£ɿ˸۽ǡ
ڿа˰죬ſվڲԶ麣۾ȥеίʪؿ麡
зϸ΢
۽ǱҧһС
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ȻһеǻĹ
һ˿ʱ۽ȴȮҧеġ
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ҧ˹µ·Ȼǻģ赭дǻ⡣
ܴڸϵֻһ򵥵ذ׽£ҲȻǼֵơ
麿ŴʱСţֺõسԼЦЦϵ·ֵ٣һᾡ֡
ȴЦһԼĻë
ɢػصֵǧ̸ã˵ֵԶǧǷ
ҧ۽ǵʱôһνǷ
ĻҡͷԵģƺҪ֣ë׵βͻȥ
⿴麣һŹȱǮƵˣ
Ȼ֪ȱǮƬֱ̣ʵǻҪô⣿
úܿ죺ʵҲ򵥡
̬ʣȴͻȻѹһЩ
áŶԹµлһΡ

߹صһ򶼺ڵĺ硣
֮ǰܵǶپ¶֪Ϊʲô
ֻȴλСǰҪΪĬһЩ
꽣ԺһֱĬر䳡ԣ¶һЩ
߹صʱлɳϾѾģ߹ȴȻĺ⡣
߹صĻԶϾҪϲ٣ʿʱԾȡůХ𣬽ʿ˾ƣڻǰ濾Լ֡
ѵһӵܺϿǵճɾҲҪ뽫ʿͬͬסýݡ
үһ¹ľƣߵߣݸʵôЩʱˣҶû㣬ôϾһֱ겻ġҴǰǸ緢ĵܵأ
Ͻ˾ƣֻлֳ
үִ̧ļ磬һô˵˵Ͼʲôˣ
ִ̧ϻ佫ģЩĹģи¶ǲҴţһ仰ܹհ˸䡣ٵģʲôȸˣһΪ죬պٴ£Ҳ赲нֺ
ۿ˿Լеľ룬ĬƬ̣һ
ͷɾ
ֲ̧һԼϵľҺԻүֳмΥҵȴѭʱ㵱Σ
үĿҲΡ
ŻѾص߹أǰľѾ۶ϣȻѾ飬ûбҪٳС
үʱյһҲ㡣жһһֱڴǰľʧ֮У߹ؾҪΪʲôӣ㻹̫ᣬǰûоܹʲôۣţⱲܲЩۣ˳ǵġ
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үڻͷġ
ܴҲ˵ʲôˣԼ
еȻеĽ
룬սһЩеĽ
ֳҴšˡ
үЦЦеľеģһ졣
ת˲ûڱ߹غХķ档
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ΪûƵƣԵúǻ谵
Ԭʱ̱ڵأŴԺ֮һһһ飬ûԼǵʲôˡ
Ѳط֪ԼһˣҪȵǣԼе˾׸ݴʷ
ԽԽôžˣԼܲöӲöԷɿڡ
һǧǧ
ҧҧǧҲǲС
ϾɽڲûգҪһ˾ʲôûˡ
Լôԫ꣬ҲЩǮƣҲõĳ
ͼǮưˣֻҪһòܻԼһֵġ
ĵǳٳٶûȵ¶档
Ǻܿ쿴ԼϵļҶ檲֮½½ر˽
ǶǻʧɫԬ̱ڵϣ̲סĿ϶ʵүǵʲôˣԭֻԺιι㣬֪ôؾƼһȺͻȻڼͼ檵Ĳϣͱ
ʱķң۵亹죬ҧȵô֪Щɥǵûڻﳳ£ٳȥԺҪ
仰û˵꣬͵ؿ
֮ǰʱ򣬱һţиֻ澾ĵʹһؽС
Ԭͷϵð³һѪĭ
ѺͽģЩͯİĳʼһԵæȥ塣
г£š
Ԭͷϵֱָǿسڵ֮ϣԶش
˲еɢͥŲ
ܲո鼫ã׸Ÿ⣬Ȼܸо
ָĦԼ򥣬۽޵ʹȴ̧
ԫ֮С
ԵԬʮһڽˡ
еĲɣָڲԼ򥣬ɢ߽С
Ԭ̧ԼĲ۾ſʱеˡ
Ǹȥеֵɾ
²ʲôһźɫ[ֻۣһ顣
Ŀ⵭ĮɨʱеľĿڴϵԬʱٿȻһü
Ԭʶǰɾȴ֪ΪʲôֱˣܱǮҵġ
ֱ·ԬԼ֪Ϊʲô
зСɱһһڵ¡
Ԭ˵˭ΪʲôҪԼץԼʲôʱôһλˡ
ԭӵڸ̤һ˲侲
ʵΧĻе룬Ǵӻ߳һ㡣
ŻļеȻҲû뵽߽ľȻǸɡ
ԫô꣬ûмô
˵ʲôʱ͸޴̸ˡ
¡ʣЩӦδã
ֲ˲Լϵķ飬ôĴ÷ŵķţӦҪ¶˵ʲô
˵仰ͻȻ߽ڵϵԬʵաֻ۾

ŵˣɾʲô
£
ԬֱһɱƤĥһѪۡ
ڵŤдʣȻҿǰ˵ģ
ԫĵطǴʷû˵Ǿ٣ʱˡ£
еλ¾һֵǵ̴ֳ֡
Ԭдʶ̲ס˿ɾУŵģһ̴ֳ֡
ǣôܻǱ£
Ԭ͵ؿʼжǻϵѪĭ
ȻϾһܿ¾ԫСطôܻ£
ǵĻȺΪʲôҪڲƭһ֮أ
ۿ˿ЦߵĽԸֻ۾ˡ
Ԭ⻰ɿݵָڴϵĵץţ͵س鴤һ£ǸϺӡ
кͻȻʵյǸСӡʺ󣿡
λԬʵӸղſʼ־Щˡ
Դʱ˵ڵĻҲȫȻû߼ȫǷ軰
Ļü
ʺ󣿻ǡ
ǽѵúܺãĵΪԬ͵ǵĻͿǡ
л˵
ɽڲûա
Ǻ͵ľأңͦأ
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61 
ԫĳĿʱŵ
˵, ˵ˮΪһЩ
өźӵһҡִڴͷߺŽϵشķ, ԽƮԽԶ
մ뿪СԺʼ, ָһֱĦԼ򥡣
ظҿ, ûпǴʲôͬ
Ǵش̫ȣҲˣʲô
æͷæ²ҡ
ָԼ, ֻЦ
ԫ겢󣬴߻Ժ, ֻǰĹ
⻺߻Ūʱǡ֮ǰλվǰվһµ, ڽ̸ʲô
˵һ޶Ȥ, ׼̧ʱ, ȴǡÿ, Сɾ
ﺰ仰ԺеڣƬֵ, ǹү
ٲ̧ۣöһվŵǸߡ
ҲǸչڵ, ȥЩԼ֮ץһɿСԴ
ЦΪܸλ, Сӵֳ, µ, Ǹүԫٶأǰԫ꿴СӵģϿүʸá
С˺ڰضŸֳ
ܿͷӦæ˰֣ү
ⴹۿֲŪһе̴顣
Сӵֳ࣬ЦŵԭڵС¹ѣ޿ԫ꣬ڵСû֪ȵˣŸýүӲмδ𣬹үǲ֪أСģ飬¹ѣҲǸ޵ġ
ﳯСŬŬ죬ƣСӰᵽԫ껹ûʱأǰǼԺӵҴ˼Σ˵СӴةб˻żæء
ĿСһζ
λСӵٵֳЩƲС˵ҲѰϾģⲻ˶ŸСүѰʶ˶ˣСǲЩٶģǺϽҲҲʵأһҲճɲ١
ԭڸȥһЩ֮ǰе顣
ʱոշһɲ͵͵Ÿɫֻʲôôվ
ǰһСһС
һϲýʱҲǶԣŸȰүҲҪҶ죬ǰȻҲС˵µģСֻ˵¹ѣŶ࿼Щɾһô࣬˵ǱѡʣµģҲá
үΪֳģСһʱ̵û㣬ܴΪޣҲǺõġ
ԽԽеͷƤ顣
ʱȥɫֻǴҴǰȥԴǼҴлǡЩԵ֮ҲʲôС£ǼҴ۶ϣͲͷˡ
ʵ⻰˵ί
˶е˼ȴеԣүƲСء
ɫеڨڨĵҲǣϾСӵֳǸٵģ˵ʵҲ̸ʲô˼ҡ
ٻȣЩˡ
һʱеľ
ԺСźŶ䣬ŵصڣ¼䣬Ȼʲôԣ˼ңǹүԸµĻպһԹϸչˣίֺ
Խ˵棬ԽЩ
С䣬Զʹ˺ĽŲ
ֻ̧ۣʱɫŵƴСԺ߳
Ʋû뵽ԼԵһŵƵ΢һ̧ۣȴǡöϸٿȻתߡ
С˵ڵĻҲˡ
ԭԺ뵽ΪҪлʱ򣬽ѵþá
֮ǰҧԺĲ߾ˣھȻҧ˱ġ
Ժһ֦ѵ˺ܾã֮飬֮ȻǰŪһֱ˵Ľ̸
ЩԶʵòǺУһЩеĴʾ䡣
Բ˳ո̤ԺţǡС˵ڵǾ仰
ʵڵСࡣ
ֻΪ֮ǰʱ黭ӵϰһ߳±ζһλСæ鼮һ½еĿˡ
żײλСÿο麵ʱҲǸܾһ㣬˸кԺһܵԶ
֮ǰҪΪ˵ýʱʵҲ޶ٲ죬ֻǽԼ¹ѣϾЩ
ȴû뵽Ȼǡ⣬˵¡
ŵƵһ٣Ÿ⿪ڻ֡
ʱһ䣬ٿȻø뵽֮ǰڴߵе
գ֪Լǰȥȴ̲סҹ֮ʱȻǰȥһδߵ
Ϊ֪ԼǱصı˼
˯߽֮һ䣬û壬ٸʱȴҲû
ڴʱԶʢǧ֮ԫ䣬ٿȻ֪
˯߽Ǿ䡪
ǰ֡
̴ָϵķӵ̣˹һ
Ƽ˵ˣеĹǵ˼ǰ麽͵ѽʵ֮ǰС֮ǰ˵£㲻иֳΪСңҾѰ˼ţҲֳ˵˵
Сӵֳ컹ʱʱĳ仰ģͺưһһ仰û˵Ÿľתתģ֪Щʲô
Ȼ⻰ҲֹֹҲû濪ڡ
ϾֳǸĹү˰Լôá
ԱɫǺС麵ô˵ʵǹģ˵ĶģСĻҲˣǡֳҲСӲ˵˵Ǹôأ
ҲߣЦЦҲʣôأ
ֻѰĳνȴ֪ΪʲôʱĿУһ˿޵
СǺˣǺǽţ̧ͷ麡
ͷϵ¶Լָץˡ
룬ǶлǰҵǱ˵Ĺ±ǡ
뵽ոⲽƶԼҪлʱ򣬿˿վŵˣ治ɫصֳ̫ˣ֮ǰ޷ˣа鹣ڼб˼Ե֮Ȼֻܸá
ٿȻһü
̫ˡ
ܻͦġ
ʱȻСؿ˿վһԵɾСӡ
ʵⲻЩꡣ
ʵСɷ˵ԫ꣬ͱɱǧԬϣòֽû飬ǰĳ֣ȻǸ׶񲻽ˡ
ΪǰԼ޲ˣȻʲô鶼ϣҪ˼
СһԴ뵽ֳɢԼϵߣȷǲӡ
µ죬ȴе
ĿİͰ͵ػصԭԭ
ССֿ˿վڲԶĸ⣬еʧشԼԴ
ĬĬ϶һ·麵Ļ
ֳȷԣס
֮и˼죬ֻдΪ۹۱Ǳǹģ˿ΪǵĶԻ
һֱ麻صԺеʱ򣬸⻹һ·Ĭ
òΪ˵̫ˣڵ˰ɣ
һ򶼺ܸ֪˵ʱȴʵڲ֪ʱǲ⡣
Ƽ麻ˣԭ˲С˯ʱƨ-һһأյܵȹߣԴ˲
ٶеֺõ˼
֮ǰϾ˿£ԴʱԶ߽ĸ⣬˶㡣
˻ϲ
ʱѾǰ֮Уе΢Եе谵ĵƹ⡣
ʱδֻǴ飬ĵذš
ĵƹ
е֪ʱʲôԥһʵ֣
һ
麿˿ɫɫѾеˡ
ʸԫȥ仰ûʳڣͻȻ̧ۣȻ̧߹޼ȥȻһֱȹߵŵȥŽ档
Ķܿ죬ûи˷Ӧʱ䡣
ҲеûӦƨ-ײţʵûа취ײȻ̱ڵأŽл
ʱҲ˼ˡ
󱻸߬УĬŽ޼䣬޼ţٿȻѹ档
麵ļľţȻ븵ߡ
ָϵС飬ĿΡ
ʵм֣
ûи˷Ӧʱ䣬ֽܿʵǰڹ֮еʱöҡ
麵󣬡ģ
⻰˲ܣûиκء
κεʱĿ֮˺֣һѲˡ
ôԼĵģ
£Լװ֪ǴӺε֪ġ
麵ѹϣԱߣضһԼ󣬷ָͲܱת
ĬһȻСصʵģ
˵ʣ˵ڱƹΪһЩ
аأϾ˵ºס
л˵
~
һ»ʮҵġöཿҲαǿƣ㣡׷ģ˫Ŀ=v=
ƫִƣסȨö֪
лƣchngΪ׸˽֪࣬Ůɫ
֪׸ܡ
һŮӹУЩҲ⡣
ŮӲˣʧٶð
лǼӣĸǰѰһøʶֻͨշɻڴ֮ʱ֮չһȡ
дңȺɢһɢѰá
ֱһգϣлΪɳˮ鿣ʵõķӦ
ڴʱһ᷿ڣŮʡ
侲Գֵ׸Ȼѹɱ˵飬̧߿ǵţӭһ˫ˮӯӯ
գзԷ˵׸ӵ檣
պҥԴС檾׸ʧٶã
һ˵лƾȢ檣
ʮױýȢ
С糡һ
лΣĿŮɫ˵ĺ촽ƿŮӲ׷࣬ױݸɾɡ
û˽̹֪Уֳ̡
ҹϼȹɫɡ
лȱ£ôϲ
糡
³֮׸ҴҸϻؼңֻ򷽲ָ΢ʹ֪ڼиɰ֡
Сɫ૵:磬ָ鷳ˡ
ƼĮ׸˵ָڿ˱
˵˶ٱ飬Ǹ磬Ƿ
һЦˣ޷ҹ໶
ǣһߣϲŭ֡ʹֻΪһˡ


62 
麵޼ֻڴߵһյССơ
ʱûϴ, ʱʪˮķӴⴵһһ麵ĸ֪
ʱ⣬谵ĵƻ֮ġһ㵭Ĺ, iüʱް, ֪Ϊʲô, ȴһΣյζ
ȷʵס
п϶һĻ
ʱҲżȴĻشһֻֿסһֻȴķβָذš
ָķβһḧָ
ʼ⻰ʱʤȯ, ̬Ҳݲȡ
ٿȻ˴ǰڹ֮еʱ򣬸һһλŮ븵˵, λŮĿ֮жܿУ̬ʣֻ뿪
ǹŮ뿪, ĿɫбΪ, еб˺üȦ, վԭ˺ܾ, ת뿪
ԵʱݳĲҹŮѡ֮, ֮մ״ʵĲٹŮҲƾе׾죬ӶԳ빬롣
ƷߵǸŮ̾ҡҡͷ, 麵ҶɼеСãҲǽŽͷǰģҲżһ̫ӻ֡
빬ǲʲô, ǹҪ, ٶҪЩۡ
ʱʵ빬, ֻΪ˼һۣ
Ǿ棬ֻһۣھйŮ˵ҲǲɶõĻԵҪ֪ȫϾǵĹŮٴϣ붫ǰ¶Ȼ֮õĺ£Ǽиĸڹ˶δܼ
епҪ˵ҶɼҵСˣѵʱ򣬲ݶҼұЫǰЩӣǲѰףǺ˼䣬ȴСŮҵıǰ̽ң˵ʲô˴˼Щ겻ϵˣҲǺ£֪ܲǵ˼ҲǶŶءҲǵСٶһ֦ͷοǱˡ
麱ʱԸⲢϤҲֻǰ֮Եֻڵţ
ȻеЦѵ֪˭ȾӶ֮λ̫ӵ£޿ָժֽϾк˵ܳң
ѹ˵ĵصǶ⣬ϾмŮûģ
׻õ׷õʲô練ơ
žΪֽʼʱҲĴݵʤȯա
еã̧ϲ᲻صһ¡
ôãۣô°ɣ
麻Ȼ֮ʻ񣬿ôͻȻʼ
ٿЦ£Ȼ֪֡öԣǷ
βƣԫĳϢ
ļһ£СҲֹһأ
ָʱͻȻսһ㣬麣ϴ޵Ц⡣
Ҳ򵥡
˵˵м֡ԶϾҲǻյ̫
ᣬԻǷֻ֣ǹ¡
麵ϥ䱻ţǱУֻܶǼ£ֻǼۣڻֶԣǷôǷҲ㲻ʲô
ô㲻ʲôЦһڡ
ĻͻȻʱֹסĿ֮ƣ麷ŵĴϣͣ˼˲
δÿ֬ȴ졣
δ䣬֮ǰס麵־ͻȻ̧βֿ䣬֧ŵϥֿϥ䣬ȵĺ
ȻٿȻ麡
麴ʱûκء
һƬƮıֻۣڲӿ֮Уʱᱻû
һǰеǰ嵭Įʱסļȡ
ȵĸ֪ĩһһشݵԭĻƣǵĻɣȻ֮ȼһƬ
Ⲣ֮ǰǰڣǷǳһģ
һһ롣
縡֣Ƕȴ˵ᡣ
ȴǵú
ǰ紫ǰ㲻ŮɫĻһʦͨ
ƴǰϸ꣬£ֺĺʱͥǰµĻҶ뷢䡣
麱ǵеϲµġ
еԥһȻҧһ¡
ȴ˿κӰ죬ҵ㣬롣
ԭҡҡ׹С֮ͱ˴򷭣һټҲ
麵ֱľ֮ϣͣ˼˲ĥӲʵľ壬˿˿Ƶ⡣
̲סһֻϸ̡
Сūצӣļһ¡
Ʋסأܻع¡
νڴ˿̣ʵһɲó
ָԭ麵䣬ڴʱһһƣȻ´
Щ
麴ʱе㶣
ġ
ԭֻеûӦΪʲôóֽ۵ġ
ôʱ򣬻ܷעġ
ΪٿȻеʱŵϥ䶼е
Ƭ̲Ż񣬻ŷŵǸ⣺ʲô
Ϊŵǣдˮ̧ۿԼ
ǲƴǰǰƵΪǷԲ񷽲һȼ۽õġл񡣡
⸩£ѵˮһ㣬һ롣
áܵͣ𣿡
룬Ȼ¡
ָϵС£ڣǲǸûش֮ǰˡ
ʪ妵ͫʶϣáڹеʱҵ׿ģ
ʱվǰˣֽµۣԵ۵Ķӣ˽֪ıҡ
֮ȵƬ̶Ķģŵȷʲô
ʱ˵Ĺǰ֮̽ˡ
˴ϸΪ˹λƼ;ⶣ˼ȫǸͷģ˵֣Ȱοܿˡ
ʵҲ̸ʲôֻܿ࣬ǿáЦЦܵӶҪȥģҲΪҶʲôʵûʲôȤҲôˡ
ķ˳̾һתֽ㿴ÿҲãҪģܺùЩŽϵЩ⣬⹬вǵѰ

麳Ĭ̫á
ȥǰʤȯգǾ䰢˵ףҲֻһ߽
ֻֻһ˿һĿԣҲŹ
̾һͻȻ麵ļͷ
ķЩɢ麵ĲϣȻڵѻش𣿡
á
Ƭ̣¹һ¡
ƭƭҲС
ƭƭйһ˿һĶģҲš
ͻȻоԼļɬףΪҶġ
ǰһǿǰ·̫ʲԷ⣬ǰһ
ʵһֻ̹ΨϣԼװ֪
ô¶ȫȻס
ڹнС΢ô꣬ЩһǣȥǸˮա
ʱǵִɡͥǰ滨ֻǺԼзµ̴顣
ŵȷͬԣ¹ĸ⣬ϾǵĹŮмûжģ
֡ͻȻСڻӦǡ
룬Ȼӵһġ
ٿȻһЦϲ£еɢ
ôãƭҾ£ȻƭͲƭҼ𣿡
úܽȵĺ麾࣬麼ܸܵǻ֮е
硣
ͼ֣ҲȢãĽãһһƬģ
麾ӦǷҲޡ
Ц£麼ܸоǻеĲ
ҪԸ˵ЩĻ
ǣҼҲС
麼˼£ʵе
ͻȻضƭ㡣
룬䣺⡣
⻹ڲļͷʱĻͻȻһ١
ȻٿȻ
һ򶼺ѿʲôÿμ󵽼Ǵݲȡ
ǴʱڵĮ֮ͫУȴԵģһζûеģЦ⡣
á
еںգ֪˵ʲô𣿡
һָȻ˵ͷ
̹ϴ֪
Ļû˵꣬˲䱻˻ȥ
ԭֻѹ󣬴ʱɿס䡣
ת麱ȿĲٴθ֪ܱߵʱѾ˴֮ϡ
ʱ麵ı챻óȥɹ
ʱ棬ܸо֮ǰдһů⣬Ӵ֮дķ磬Ҳ֮䴵麵֮ʡ
ô֪ƣġ
麱ȳǣڴ֮ϣı죬ļǰ֧ڴ齱ߣ
Բݾָֽܾ̬䡣
Ϊı죬ܸоԼ΢΢У֪ȫȻϵ̴ζǣʮָ۵Ҳݽ֮С
麵ȹΪŵĶ΢΢һ㣬¶ϸĽס
ȴȻѰһһ˿ģֻЩҵĺ
ܸоǼڵ
۽ţ̧ۿʱȴͻȻɫ
գǸԲ¡
ӳԫ֮У̲ԲˮζһһӰ
뵽֮ǰڶգСǰĸ⣬С⡣
΢˶٣˷գн𣿡
гһ̴ľֳ֣ʱڷ֮סнʵҲѰ
һ£ǾɫǺЦȻЦ£ƭġ㻹ˣ
׵е£˳ĻʵΪʲôҪƭң
뵽ڶʱ
ʱӦûͦܵġ
ѹӸµؿָķβ
á
Ӧģ޶Ҫ뿪κξ²ʲôԶŵˡ
Լ֣˹شգҲֻܡ
£ܿӵ̡
л˵
Ǳ̵ԺУǽûĸУõģ
ʵҲԳơ¡ovo
~


63 
˵⻰ʱ, ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰڶյļͻȻ
ձס׹ǣ뼹Ǻı, һ˲Ļ
ʱѹ, ƬԺʵ𣿡
ⲻÿɷ, ֻЦ¡
˲ŵ麵ߣƵشˣá
麻գ۾ȻŶһ
ü, ѹеͣôܣ
麴ʱ, ȻѾˣٳƪ۵̸ô죿
ָ˳ļ, вһĲ
ˣβ΢, ô˵, Ӧôһ¡Ͼ
õùô, ԺȻҪһһʵ
ָе
вĵطһİս
麸о⻰һЩ·ΣζȺСһӡ
˭֪Ÿոնһ, ƺ
һüͷ¹麵, Ҳˡ
ûٶֻôôҷŷʲôû
ص˵ͷ, ȷȷʵô
ͦȻ
ѵ, ÷ôûʲôˣ
΢˶, Ȼһһظ÷Ŷһ£ù¸ˡ
ĺܲ
Ĭ˰죬ȻŻصǻҪôؽϵĻȥٺˡ
⻰˵ûͦ棬̲סЦ¡
麵ĶͷֳһԵĴϣȻȴûٶʲô
¹ٿϣһ䡣
ϿȥκβףֻԸ΢ָ麵Ľס
ǰҹѾϹҩˣѾȫȻκεĺۼˡ
麵׹ǱУе̲סѾȥˡ
ָ˳ĽףͻȻʵ֮ǰǴ˽ӡأ
ȻϴˮܶɫϹӡ࣬ôգҲѾˡ
ԭΪӽҲˣҲȫ˻һ£ȴû뵽ھȻʱ
뵽֮ǰ˽ӡλãʱоԼͻȻһ¡
СҲȥˡ
̹ϡ
ۿ麿ԺؿʹͫУӿɫ
ʵòЦʱ룬֮֮߳УеĮ˿ʲôԴʱ֮ͫгɫʱʵеìܡ
ȴԣһε
ȴʱٿȻʵ𣿡
еԺŵ˵ͷصеġ
ΪСβԶԭ׼ȥȴƳͼüͷ
ѾˣʵҲ̸Ǻ
麸׼ڣȴסļ򣬡ˡԼ
ᳵ·Сԣָڲһ¶ȡ
ֵ̧һ裬ͷȾ
յСϣȻ麵ԱߵǼ᷿ס𣿡
СԺ棬լ᷿ϲ֦ͺסԱߵƫԺԱߵǼ᷿ʰˣһֱûס
ҡҡͷ
ָڲյûк˼
ǹ½ס
ָһ£ѾλԵ޹լ
ⴹۿЦ£ŵĻҲȥ١
Ǻܺĵظһѡ񣬡Ҫ½ҹҲǲС
ڵһǴǰǰԽЩ޵⡣
ʵڵݣǵܣ麵治Ը⣬ҪҲ練ơ
ʱѾãҪʲôǾ֮䡣
麺ץһԼߵı죬е̲סСʵԭҹû𣿡
⻰ʵ̹ⴹۿͻȻϸϸƵ⡣
ֵ̧һ裬һ
Ȼ̧߹һ麵Ķͷ
̫ˡһҲ˵ˣǶģҲֻǡһ㡯Թ¿ԵЩؼһʱ
̧麵󣬻ЩϢ
˵仰û˼ת޼䣬ڵ᷿ȥ
޼Ŀл̴ζϴȶûȥ
űڴϷȥͻȻãԼҲҪһ衣
齣һ裬һԭƬ̣ǾúƽԼʱ
ƷʵĻҶֺļ̻һ޼ʵĿҰ֮ڣȻ֮ʵȼƬʡ
ʱֻʵǳ֪ݣʵҲֻ֮Եû뵽ڻǣ
麴ʱԼؿڣ̧ۿ˿ɫͻȻ֮ǰ⡣
߳޼䣬ǰţȻ󿴵˲˯̨ϣţʶ̵̱֫ڵϣ˯еڴ
ϾһֻȮ׼ص˯ŸոʱͻȻˡ
ѵһµվ麣׼лʱˣ֣ⷢæס죬СУȻͰеЩȫҳˡ
С߹˲ٶеͰ͵ӡ
СצӻڱȻţڿ߽սʵǺܿɶ
麴˼Ӧȷɶ񡣡
־˾ƨ-ɣ˵ײײúʹ
еûףܵȻ˵ץԼĻȻ˿ϵɫ
ʱӣһʱҲ˯ţԾԺߡ
Ҳ̶̵ʱգȻ⴦СԺǵСԺйĲ˶ߵģһжɣȴǺǰȻͬľ
ԭһ£Ͱĵ˸Ƚλã˯
ʱճ˺ܶ࣬ڻе̧קקβͣС˯
յسл£ܼʱرס졣
麺Ȼض˯ţҲ˯
˾Դ˼£Ȼȡ
ԻʱǰȴȻͻȻһˡ
Žȭ麵¡
Ѿܾöûٻˡ
ٴμأʵе˼ϾԼǴϾ룬ȴԫ
ֽŵϣѣһӾܵûӰˡ
أô𣿡
رȭǰվ˺ܾãŵЩ²˵ܹԶ֪ˡԽԹ˵һЩθ֮ԡ
˶٣뿪Ͼǵʱ򣬵µǴֳϹʱڷʱգʺµΪʱգ˸Ⱦ쳾ӣڵȻŵĮȴʵһǰ㲻顣
ȵ۵껹ڵʱʵԵ°дѹܶΣӦҲ֪Ժ󣬵Զ߹ءʵµףԭӦһ£Ͼ´©ȵ뷢ѣҲ޴̸ֻΪʱΪһ䣬ǵȵ۴ŭԲΪȵ۲ϲּ䵽˱߹ء
ʱ߹سп˿۾õ飬սƵϲﶼʵȵʱҲûܴӱ߹ػֻûҵʲô̫ӵͷԲҵڣŵڱ߹أ͸òˡպͷ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
麵ȷ֪ʱԶ߹أȴ֪Ϊ¶ȥı߹ء
֪ġ
ȥ߹أΪʳǣֻǣڵߣǵԶ߹أǾһȴΪ麡
£̫˵塣
Щ£֪Լᣬ¹ԶҲ֪
еĮֻƽתºƵĽǵµڱ߹һһıŵ³ͷ˶ʬ޴棬ܻصϾ
ͻȻоԼļ䱻һХʱĳԭʱ߻ʱȴһûˡ
ؽŵȵԺʵлкܶŵ´³˱£գ¼ûмЪϢڽãʲô׵Ÿϼһ·ϽϣҲֻյ֮ǰ
ͻȻЦЦ
˵ô࣬ϣ
ܸһᣬֻһ㣬ӦҲܸˡ
л˵
½ʾģȥڣ
ovo


64 
˵Щûж˵ʲô, ֻ麵֪ԽȻصϾʱǰ˾췣
ȻȻڰ
ԺһȦȥһŲ, ŷվԭغܾá
еķֺĲ˼, ƨ-յܵߡ
˺ܾ, ŶһԴȻקקĶ䡣
е㿪ģֿЦȻ̱ڵ, ѶƤ̹¶
麴˴ĶƤȻûͷûԵضô졣
ͻȻе㡭Ͷˡ
, ߽
˵ʲôոֿһòˣڵСβתĺܿ, ̹رԼĿġ
Բ¸, յϵƬƸһ˪
ԶȥĲǳˮһͻȻӿֶ, ϵػڶϡ
˫ֽϥ, ȻָϵС顣
*
ԫ峿Ϳʼζˣ̷ȥݩ, ֵϵİ̻ؾͿˣֵ֮С
ôģԫΨһĲҲ, ĽҲ˿ûӰ쵽ĸ̸ۡ
ԫ겻ʮ˴඼ʶ˲Ÿո, ͱϵԼק, ôƲ, 㵹ãˣôغƲ裬è˯ţŤŤģڸϽؼȥ
ڨڨӦһһȥ
飬ҲЦ˼䣬Ҳû̫ôһ飬תѹ˵ʵôžһֱû˰ǰǸԬȥǸӣҲ˼ңҳʱ򣬻Ƽϴ·أ
ӿǱԬ˲ֶβģ͵ô˻˵ҲǵŲǰżǣиĸףԼֱԬˡҪةżҲͰˣԬһӶ̰أܴʳ
˵£ԱߵҲûԬ߹ѹɤӻصɲôô˵ةǲһ޶ûƣӺͷϱϻ˵أԬʲôѹδһļҵأ
⻰˵ó˶е¡
˳ȿڵ˵׵ǣЩƽͷյģʹү£
˲˼Դ⡭Ҳ¹ӵôǵˣֻҪƽ޹ӣ
֮Ƴ˵Ĳ˼˼䡣
Ƭ֮󣬲ͻȻԬֻƽʱˣǴˣñӦˣǲ֪ҺȾƺȺͿˣةǰ澭ҹˣԭżҶҲƲңҲ·ˣ˭֪յǰŵѪζ
ةвδƣֻ˶ˣ
ڳ˴󺧣Ͻǲ֮ɫ
Ԭԫж꣬ϾǸСطͷܹܵԬ˶Ÿ߹һϲķУô꣬˸ǰҲڣЩаŮ飬ҲǸŭԡ
ֽǵʲôˣȻôݾ
ôˣͲͷ
˵Ԭǰ˲˷ָϾҲǸ͢٣ǽôЩȫɱˣȻֽкã׵˶ҲҪǻˡ
иЩƽϣղûˡ

շȥûô˯ţһֱˣһ⣬Խó˺ܶ࣬Ѿˡ
ϴԺ޼ⲽ˺ܾãǾļе졣
޼䵱ͷڹ꣬͹ţ޼һֱص˿Ϸ졣
һֱ˰ѾӳϵϼŴ޼ţǰȥ
ǰ֮пһˣ֪ȥˣһûС
΢һ£׼ȥʱͻȻźһЦ
á
ļ͵һ¡
̧۵ʱǡöϸͫʡ
ۿЦЦ˭
ֵϣ̬еɢô麶ӡ
麴ʱ۽еģ룬ӣͻȻСʸ֣ҪҪҳȥߣ
ⱻһ仺ػ¡
ٿȻһЦˣ
ʵʱһֱϲƯĶʱⱻްϼȫƯɫů
ѰʱκͫΪ˳ƵĳʱЩЦ⣬ǾĶһĕi
ûڶ㣬С𣬡еû˯á
ͻȻսôû˯ˣ
ûֻصҡβˡ
ûӦָ򥴦Ħһ£ʵǹĸ
뵽ճĶƤӦǡĸġ
Ƶصӹһ١
麿ǹģֵΣ
Ρⴹ赭дش𣬡࣬
䣬յĽлʹԺ
ϣ麵Ҫȥ𣿡
麿˿ɫ˵ͷƿվǰ
̧һԼ򥣬麴ʱģ»ΪҪȻױ
Լֻһ٣δױ㣬յӣǻҪҪԵƬ̣Щ١
˵Լõ֬ͻȻȴ֣޼ϡ

е㶣ϼ
ֵԺ󣬼˵һǡ
麲۽ޣ̽ţػӦһ¡
ΪķӦʱָսֱϵľ֣ͻȻֱĿؿ麣εĿ⡣
е㲻˼ܶûпֻѵɫѾȥˣп´Ѿˡ
˺ܾãȻ
Ƭָ̺麵ĴھͲ֬ˡ
һʱգ븵ȥʱѾĺʱ֡
ԭԺεεҪȥյȥҪȥ˭֪ŸոߵԺŴԺѵһǰˡ
顣
ԫѰʱ˲ûкܶ࣬Ϊʱ˳ģǲ䲻ȵʱ·Ҳ֡
˴඼ʶէȻôһʵ˵ǳˣעĿ
ԫԺ඼ͷñסһʱգòҲǺܶ࣬էȻ֣ԱݩСеŲۣ͸оԼ϶ʱһ⡣
麵ߣĵسԱߵһۡ
ԭһŵҲоһ·ΣգæԼϵ飬ٿ
ԫݿڽֱߣİ֮ɢݿԭڸ޵ĸƼ븵⣬æǰʵλҪ治ԫ꿪˼ʮͷݣǮֽͷеģ
һƣſʱվԼǰˣеһ˲Щ죬Ӵλԫ˰ɣԫ굱λôܲãԫ˼ʮ꣬ҲǵһοǶ԰ķ򸾣λԫݵģ
Цɢؿ˿Լǰ麡
麶е죬ҲûзֻǶԸ˵ͷ档
شϣ
ؽĨ׼ʰһӣͻȻǸ˵ɾڵһ벻طСС
Ӧվǰ˴棡һ벻СУ
ؽӲ꣬Ȼ麵ССɾ΢Ȼһˣ
վһԣ˵ЩҰῴģλ֪ˣպȻд컯ģôǶԣԺҲǺͺͷء
˵ЩͽĨת뿪ˡ
ϵ̴ֱֳȡ£лתһ¡
ʵ÷Ϊʲôûз
ʲô
ۿΪûλ˽ͣ˵ֳ
麱һ˲˲ؿţеĻŵؽͲĿȡϸʪӲһ£ݸ⣬Сǻֶ飬ҲֳΪ
ָߵ£ɢغЦ¡
ʱմضԼ˵ĻͻȻִǰȥ߹أ߹ʲôӵģ
ϵָͻȻסͻȻʵȥ
߹ĵط麴ǰҲֻп
ܶطġٶ࣬ҲԶȲ侳
룬Ȼ˵ͷ
͹ȥԡ˶٣ҪǺͱˣ붼롣
䣬ݸ˾Ͷ߽ϴЩǸЦ⣬麵˼СӣҼλһʱ˳ˣ붼СС
ϣ־ִٵΧȹĨĨҪСɾԵƬ̣һ͹Ǯ
žҪˣʵһ̣ҲܳСС
ҽǸ鷳ֻˣ¡
˻վǸѽʵĲãСĪ֣´棬ٸһ롣
ҡҡͷֻ£ٴתǱߵʱȴѾ۽Сһһ˸ɾ
ǳϸƽ飬ʵĿ
ԼǰƵǰָһأߵһ¡
ֻǺϡѰһ¡
վһԵĸλɾĶҲЩ졣
Ͼģ¾ϾĴٶδػȣôһˣȴ𽵹һΪԼӲš
ʵټ
ڶӵԫ֮УȻƳˮһԶȥ
ԼǰˣʵӡеǸ߸ϵ̫ӵ³̫ˣЩʱջеʵĻ㱸С
ʱǸòİ֣Ϊ˳Ƶ̫ӵ£ʱڲ֪Сǵĳ֮У̻⡣
ǰ
縵˵
ϾмλŮûжġ
麴ʱ̧ۿԫ뵵֮С
롣
ţȷֻһ㡣
л˵
ʲôʱ򸵹̫ڶˣǻûд
ǰ˵˼
ovo


65 
ʱ򣴨סЩʱ, 򣴨ϰ֮УʱҪԳġ
꣬Ҳڸࡣ
麳ٳٶû, ֻе㶵ضԼ, , һֻߵ£񡣡
ۿáôÿ
һӻû˵ʲô, ֻһ
Ƭ˲˵ʲôЦԺ, ƹˤȻܣ, 
ⲻؽʵжÿ
ôûûˡ
麼ƹˤ, ͻȻ, СԻ, 㲻ޣ, ĽãһһƬ, ģֺÿ
˵źקקСָ𣿡
, ôԡ
˹ص˵ͷ, Ľܵ, ŵöԹµĻǵõǺ
˵ЩʱԭҲû뵽Ȼôؾͳˡ
⿴ֵǻõĻɫˣҲȫС
ԫƻɺ˼̻֮Уü۱Ⱦ
©һģһ磬ɫѵˡ
ῴǰΪӼƣйأŵʱ򲻵
麹ڴߵʵûôأҲȻǰڼеĽѵġ
Ƕûٳ
ԭģ̸ʱ
ϺǵûˣһƼԬأ߹ⶼˣһûУ²ǵʲôңڡ
ڲϱȻ£ֶָָڿ
˭˵أ˽Ӳ磬ֻǣԬﲻһ򶼶ݴʷٰƨԬ飬Ǵʷ֪˸ӣҪ׷ף
ݴʷԬһģƽʱǱΪ飬˺ӣ²ԬˣҲ䲻ʲô³
̾˿ǵҲǣϵ˹͹յλʷλݴʷڽϾ֣ݼһ죬Ҳ֪λʿܲӵù
Ͼ˵˵ҲǸ͢ٶء
ʱ˹ģЩҲ˿ûκηӦ
ԵʱٵطΪ£ݴʷȻǽΣоҲϡ档
һ棬ָһ¸⣬ʵ֮ǰǸԬôõģ
΢̧̧麻еûʲôͿز֪ͻȻð˳Ϣسڸ
Ȼеյݸ⡣
⽫յǰСҭš
ȻƵػŵɱˡ
ôҲѰ
Ҳδ죬ֻǿʱȻߵĴأеʵظڻߡһ¶
ͻȻȻЦ£ڣˣ
ֻǿѰʲôʱô׵еû뵽ʼ
ɢؽŵֻжŮ˲ܲµˣˣ
麿У룬صҲֻʡ
ЦֵܿˣǻʵĻҲǲһ
˶٣Ϊµ棬
Ѱ˼˵ҲһĿˡ
ϾڽϣһʲСĿο⻹ֻ
еȣô𣿡
һȻӣʵھеЦ̧࣬ôڼּң̫Ļǹ¸¾Ϳ
ʲô˵һؽϵĻ
æҡҡͷ⻰ĴҲ˼Ҿʡ
ⴹȻͼ赭дĶòصġǽٸߣҲûǮ㡣
⻰˵β컵ζеĿ䡣
СڵذһʣµһضѾˡ
һͷ󽫷ǰıյһԣϢͻȻ֣ȻѱߣһԲҹɫ
뵽ŵĻе˼֮ǰ˵Ļᵱ汻˰ɣ
Ӧá
еӣø̲סòõġ˵ʲô
̧Ҷ룬˵ר϶𣿡
ָߵһͻȻʵºר϶У
ޱͻȻ֣лǸӣɫػصƽ׽ˣ²ñ¶רС
⳯һü
ȷʵӦõġ

븵ȥʱѾ䡣
ʱǳģСǵ뵣˼ҶѾ˵յеĻܿӰ
ө븵Ⲣϣ룬̲סСʸ֡Ϊʲôң
ϾǳڵĹŮʤв˫ĸǲ֪麴ǰڹ꣬λ֣ҲֻǾԶۣ뵽ֽȻһͬСǵĳ֮С
⣬֮ǰӶҲôʹ
ֻʱҲӹţѰգԼʱֹ𣬾֪̫Ҳʲôô
áۿʱʱ˵ӽݣҺڹ֮ʱȴȫȻ޴ǰνĽݣĹ˳
ʼʱҵȷֻܼضշ㼸֡ȥ꼰ǵʱԭҲֻŴǰУȴմ֮Уһ˿ŽǰʱƬʧ񣬾㱾òġ
ʱƬ̶ĸдź֪ԭʼȻۡ
ʱѩлǾ䰢֣˺ܶꡣ
ʱ룬ʱٳһЩǲǾͲɺ΢ģ
վ޹
һ󣬶ǰһ㡣
ӵ길ĸ׽ʼ˶ڸ˱ӣһҪδвһҪ˳ǫ˿أĵط
ЩѶģȴû˸Ҳһ㡣
֪ѾߵСԺǰ档
֮ǰյúܣʱҲûҡβǰӭӣֻлԺеĲȻݺݵҧһԺеĲˣԵҰҰ졣
ͦģ
븵û˼ƨ-ڵȻצڵ϶˼£еԥҡβͳ߹ȥ
Ÿոյܹȥǰѵһǰˡ
ʱ޼䲢δƣӴ⴫ϸ΢ڸ
ͻȻ뵽֮ǰ飬֮ǰ˵¶ĲʲôֳΪ
ͣ£ʵ˵˵ʲô飿
Ͳֳ̫Ϊġ
ô֪ʡ
麱ϣʱͻȻֿ̧סľѹ
źһ¡
ȻС顣
е㶣ָʶߵһ麱Ű壬ƬԺԵۡ
Ĺеģż涵Ӱ紵ûεסԡ
ôͻȻʣôǵã
˳ƣ麵䣬麱еһ£ϵ̴ζȴʱǵض
ǰǣȷһġ
һֻ麵֣ʮָۡ
Ȼ׾ٵصֿ麵ĳݼ䣬ֱ룬ȥ뵭ĮȻ෴
ĺ们ʮָһ¡
麵ĻӦɬκμɣȫȻǱƿ
еһҹ÷ߵĻ֦ճʱ׵ĭĴߣߵɰһصˮա
麵ϥеһֻѹŸľͻȻСʣ졣ǰڶûͨ𣿡
仹ѹһʹ麴ʱʻٿѹʵţˣ
ѹջأܶǾˣ
󣬷ŻԭλãȻľ࣬¡
ΪŵǣʱŲԵ⣬֮ǰڶöߵģǹ¶ס
ĬһһСָ
ǻֵ
̧۾۾ĺܺڣǱĹţҲܿʱŨī
ʲôҪ𣿡
ü˭ģ
Ϊ˾鱻֪ӦҲϡ档
ۿƺڱĻα˲ٿҪ۴صˡ
麵ļ¡
ʮָʼնδɿ
Цȴе͡
õѾյˡ

һֱ麹һ޼ܾãе̲סزŪһԼָ⣬ԭЩǰľ鿴һǰܾãһֶûп
Сڻ谵·źܵɫ󣬱ϾĲ䣬Ĺ䡣
Լ򥣬ָطǰҳ
ʱ⴫յĽŲȻִһײŵ
Ȼؽлһ
̧ߵſΪţʱ׼ƨ-ײţ麴ʱͻȻе벻ֱ̱˵ϡ
ΪʱճԵöһЩһʱỹе
麿ȥĺ󾱽
ʱͷϣֻǺĮؽԼϱŵСεһ£ʾ
麰˼ϵĶȻеЦʵ˭ܲǲɻѽ
˼ҫǵؽԼļȵ˹ǵǰһζ
ʧЦ𿪷ǸֻֻƮƮһ
ֻ֡
⡣
ּʣԳɷǡ
ٿȻ̧̧ۣ۵˲䣬ʱԫȻ̻Ѥõ̻СǵϿգԭеŵСҲʱһ֮
̻ԶƬƽɽ
Ҳȼҡҡ׹ĳҹ
л˵
غbe likeǶͺãҪ
ǳϦ֣66~
ûдıѽеĻjjb⼸춼Чûо͵û˵=v=


66 
ԫʱյĴȻҲŪ֮С
ةżնδ, ƽԬ߹ûӰӣһСطˣܲƳЩߡ
һ߰Ϊλʿк, һ˼, Ԭô˵ҲǸط, ׷ô˵ҲǼ¡
Ĺ٣Ҳ顣
·ЩȻСӵֳةо˻, ȥЩߵʱûסһʵСӡֳνةи˻ģ
ةоþöδ, ȻøɾǱϾ˲Ҳǰ϶ʵ
ԫС˵ɱʵ̫ңԶ, ȻǴǰԬ, ҲֻЩаŮ, ҲҵŪ
λΪ, ҲǵΪ麿ǣԥһ, е֪ô֮ǰ顣
ȴƳ麵ԥ֪ڽͷβ˵λʿֳɫһС, ˵ʵԬǲǱֳɱˣ
Ҳ, ͣ, ͷ
̾˿, ˵˾Ƭֶ麵С֮ǰ˵ֳҲֻǱԬĹ٣ҲǣϾôᣬҲʲôĴ٣˵Ԭȷʲôöǳ͢顭
ָָ̧Ҫܵġ
ѹ˵ֶ麵Сӣǲ֪ԬܰԫôõﲻûϸģЩٵĶǻ໤ţôףͱԬͷ˱ŵġ
ݴʷʲôˣСᣬܻ֪ϵشһ³Ż˷ôܾôסЩϾؽߣõʱ鵽ͷϣݴʷɲʲô֪֮߹ϣԲʲôùӵģ
Ȼ֪ﶼѣ˼Ƭ̲ŶԴ£ﲻصģֳĹӦеĻҪЩġ
ﻹȰС껹СֳȥҲýǴ˸ţҲǸϾûãǵ˹٣Ȩȵٶݴʷ
ݴʷȷˣԫĵؽ磬ΪĶ
ֻôﲻصģֳзִ硣
ҲûٶȰʲôֻ߶ŽеĹϹݸ麡
Ÿո뿪ԶԶƼǰŪӳ
ҲǸˡ
ͻûжʱ򣬾ͱԬˣƶȫӴǰżةϣз֪ӻѣԬЬס
ةУǰʱ
ֽةжѾһ˶ûˣҲͻˡ
˵СӵֳλӵĶˡ
ﵹҲû⣬һ£·
ոջصڴż˵ʱͻȻ뵽ӶҲҪȰþ뿪ģϾҲǶˣȻϣǲҪݴʷеġ
ôţһͬȰȰϾᣬԺܶ黹֪ϵ
ַصԺǰ
麷ߴʱԺžֱߵ졣
̧ȥֻһλҴʱվ⡣
麲ʶλոմԺţλͶ麹һ
ȻŻԺеĸ֮ǰ飬лܾŮˮ֮С
ЩԬ˵ֻһôӵȻҲƳһЩ˵ȵġ
֮ǰԫ֮Уǰ˻£ɱԬҲֻģֻһסҳݵС¡
ǰ˵ݣȻҡ
ϣҲһмܼ֮еµۣλ̫ӵ£ԫСطҲ
ڴ֮ǰĹ٣Ҳݴʷ
뵽ȻһյԼϡ
¾˷зѰԫ굽Ϊʲô飬Ӷȡ
ԣⲻֻΪ֮һС¡
޳ΨһõóֵľԼһֳɫ
⼸ڼŸ˼գлһֱδôϢԼ͵ʱѾ뿪ôϣһԧĺͼտһ룬ʱϸøɾ޲ãݸ麡
֮еʱ򣬿ԬڵϵӣΪԬ֮ǰĳˣԭû뵽ԼٻŻ
֪߽ǽϵʱ򣬸뵽壬¾Լĸ׶ܵǣ
˭֪ԼȻô˳
ԬӽԼҲܵԬȺҲҲί
ŮõóֵĶǲͽԧͼΪһϡ
뵽֮ǰλ˵ĻֶǵԸպһһܵóԸ
ԭվ⣬ŽȥҲһȰ䣬ʱӵĻľ
ԼԴʱЩġ
ҲûϢ˵Ӵةлͷˣô⻰һһֵôеˡ
ʲô£
ƺҲ㻽ģ
ҽˣҪĴ
ȶԭغܾãڵϵߦһܶ
Ŀе͵ԼԺߣŲҲ߲·򻬡
Լ֮ǰĲ˶ˣԺоԼĶʵ˵˵ʲô˲ܱ°
ĶȻҲû뵽Լ׽ͻȻðôһ仰ɫŵΧʲôأȻǵ¾ܱ£Ǳ£ʲôˣ
˵ЩпλµһֱպЩٹ໤ĹҪЩ١
Լӵӣ촽е££ٸꣿ
ڲһ죬λúܣŲڵ͡ͻȻʵʲô
˶٣̲סʵʲô
ӣڱһľǰӵǸӣǷˣ
˼ҲŸոմӻӳƽ޹ʵ˼ʲôӷõúܣǰһڰǰƼ˵ҲףôЩ£ԬˣպҲ徻ڣҲûк˼Ըš
ԣͻȻ૵Ǿҷˡҡ
߶߶ģҲ֪ôˡ
Ķ̧ǰ£Ƭ֮󣬴͵뵽ʲôһغݺһ£ץסԼӵļ򣬡´СҪңһҪ˵ҲڼңĪҪˣǧ
Ķеԣ֪Լôһһġ
ǰǻС˵ý
Ϊ֮ǰ˵ýŲдʣһС˵ʲôĹٶʲôү

Ժп˿Ƿͼ˼Ƭ̣ȻСʸ֣ҪҪȥһݣ
ڼУ´̵ĶǴ֮塣
ݴʷǰ鷸Ʋʲ֮Ȼǲң⡣
ȥ
һ£һͷȻ͵֮ǰ飬ȻѣǱϾ˻һľȴδػһõݴʷ滵ȻǲټΪΪȥ
£֪ԼӦöʲôϾҲĴ㡣
еò׼ʱ뷨һָȴʱڵ£ԭǴ㽻ʷȥǻȥĻҲ޲ɡ
˵΢˶٣
ֻǹͻȻãƵģ㲻ڴ߷硣
߷ˡ
룬صӦҲ㡣
ָ򥣬˼ص˵ͷҲǡ
ȻͻȻľ¡
ˡ
л˵
˵㣬~


67 
ʱġ
ǰЩʱˮһɢ, ȡ֮սתȵ
µĹʯ̨֮ϣҡִİ£Ž, γĺ֮Ϸһһ
Ϊů, 麵Ҳ𽥸ΪᱡЩ
ÿǵʱ, 麶ܸ֮ܵǰҪΪһЩ
Ȼԣ亦ˣԼ
վҪǰˣԫҲסһʱ, ʵҪ뿪ʱ򣬶ٻЩл
Ͼ֮ǰʱ, ׼ڴ˵ġ
⴦СԺÿһöΪڼȻҪ뿪麽תǰĴ, Χ
ԫ긽˴඼, ֪Ҫ, Ŷ
麵ûʲô˼, ϴЦСֳž, պǲԫ꣬ҲкȥȥҲǺõġ
ֻЦЦ, л
ڵλǰЩʱ򻹾ǰСԺż, ǿһ, ûٳ麵ǰ
һֱߵԺŵʱ, ǰţվŵ麵ʱ˨϶߶˰죬ӣǺ뽫ϵ˼
ˣһض麵СӽǰΪʲô£
麿ԼǰĴֳվҪ뿪ԫˣδлʱյչˣǰС
С̧ͷվˣæ˰֣˵ﻰЩҳݵС£ҡҡ
麿˿ڵģдŲµ֪˸ݣڶš
΢˼һ£ȻСȽȥ˵
麲˵⻰ãһ˵⻰ԭҲֻڶ£ͱҲڶˡ
ɫֲ˵ʲôܾĻһȻͬͬŵԺȥ
ԺкüƬԣ˸ߵˮ˽ˮƼԺͻȻ˲ǺϤˣе˼򴽣ˮһԣܹڴ
ԴȥվԺеĸ⡣
ӵץץ°ڣʱնѾϤˣ룬ؿ麣۾ǺСʵλ常Ưķ𣿡
ԭûʲôѪɫʱΪҰס
ûиȥɫֻܽӲĻӵԴϹлʲôȻȥ
ӵǺܹɣȻѵˣҲֻһԴֿ˿ǰˣȻһԲȥˡ
ⲻ֪Ϊʲôվ麲󷽣̧Цһ
оԼĸζʱ͵زһ¡
λ˵еı£Ц£ЦˣҲ¡
뵽֮ǰԼСǰ˵ֳҲû꣬ǵٿҲʲô٣ЩϾȥñݴʷʱţµ٣ֻҲǱة΢Щ
˭뵽ôˣȻǵ¡
ԬûôѰ飬Ū˵Ĳˣ˵ˣϾǵЩǣһ˺йһġ
λǱ£Ǹˡ
ô뱲ˣû뵽Լһܿ¡
Ǳ£ϾУƽͷնһƼƵˣֻҲԶԶһۣԼһǰЩʱƴ˵Сжã˵䡣
ʱаţҺԼýʱ֪СӵֳǸүƲԫЩңҲЪý˼Ȼڣֻа˸Դġ
ԼϵΧȹϲһѣ麵ССĪ֣ͻС಻壬ҲûŵģðСӺɾ룬ൣ
˵ĿİͰ͵ģǵ汻ŵòᡣ
麿˿⣬ʴ֪Ұֵ𣿡
æҡҡͷֵ֪֪
˵˵ţԼҲǱˣɫֽӵ£ֻвһ֪ҪͷĻͿһľͺãҼеĶϱлӣ֪ŵģ˭Ҳû˵
棬вݵϷ涼ķչѰײȨ֮еܣҪͷڵġ
⿴Ŵʱ㷾ŵӣԲͷ麣ʵҪԴ¿ȥôף
ʵ̬Ҳ컣ҲֻǾôһѡ
ʱ麻̲ס뵽ڴ̨֮ϣԭҲֻǾô࣬͡
룬Сصš
Ц
ﲻ֪˵Щʲôиûеס
ѲǾôԴǿյϣԼȫʬ
麶Դڽ͵ﲻصģֻǴбϾ֪֮٣ϣԻִǰԫܱһܡ
һ뵽˷麶Աµĳν룬̲סʵǡСӾͲʲôعСѸϾǵĹ
ôݣΪʲôҪǰԫꣿ
ֻѰݣԫ겻ֻһСǣǧ֮𽵹Դˣ
Լ˵ţе֮࣬ǰ麳ԫʱҲֻΪλ˼ҽĴС㣬;ǰԫ꣬뵽Ȼλʳ֮гĹ
һʱ֪Ӻοʼ
ԣ赭дػشֹ
ؽ֮ĶԻĬĬһ¸⡣
ȷȷʵֻǹ
ǱµСڡ
*
֮ݡ
֮ظҲͬˣȻȲϹգ֯óǷ֯ҵˮеָ̼ǸһȻۼڹգǵЩ©ЩݣҲһʿɹ۵ˮ
ݴʷǼݻڳУԶԶƹȥƷǷ
вǼ֮£ÿһǾĲöɣֻһͥԺľҲǼֵơ
ʱգǰ֮ط
ݴʷľϣԱλŮΪ紷ȣһ߲ŪԼϵİָһʵԫԬలǰʹŹ˵ԫ귢ָûɫôôЩʱնȥˣûģ
ݴʷѰݣ˵һĴڣ˵Ȩ졣
վŵ̴ôʻæū֪˶Ҫʵ£ǰԫˣҲ֪ô£ԬలҲаţһϢûˡ
̴СĵɫִܿԼһᣬ˵֮ǰԬల֮ǰԫеׯլūŴѵһŻ񣬶ԬలеǺûɫū˹Ŀ
ԭֻȱȱؽӹ򿪵ʱԭڲŪϵİָʱȴ̲סЩ
˿ʵˣڿɻԫꣿ
̴⻰֪ԼӶȤæūŲδŻֻԬల䣬ԵġҲ֪
ֵܿūھǰԫȥ飡
ÿɷԼϵİָȷǸѵõĺûɫǻڽϣǾߡҲҪҳ
л˵
һֱţǸ~


68 
ϲͬϾ򣴨ǰɽ, ԶԶȥ϶ƽأһ޼ʵĿҰ
麷³, ոת, , ָ
̧ۣͻȻ뵽ʲôʵôղϾԹǲ൯𣿡
Ȼ¾Ȩ, ˲ʲôͰˣԹһ峯Ϊ, ¾Ųոռλôղϳβͨ£Ҳ֪ȻԹ¡
ҲвҪ˽ͷö
ⲻ᲻ص, ʲô
麴ǰҲٹЩĲ, ǰʷ֮أ, æ¡
Ц, ʵţôûæ£
е, 麼ڱڣ˼е˼, תݴʷȷΪһ̰ǻǰȥݣǲҷ, ȷʵ¡
, Ȼָ˳, һ·Ķ
΢ָᴥ¡
Ȼ˵¡̬ЩɢСҧЩá
ôô죿
ʱʱգȻ֮з˱ҲΪʱһ⡣
֪ȴ֪ʡ
ڹòƫƫ
Сȵٶеգ⣡
ЦΪýܺԵظоǻ΢Ĳ
£Ϸʵµôô׺ߡ
Աû˼
ǵ˸ˡ
Цؿ򥣬תˣ
ս£㡣
ɫ̧۽޿ҷŷ˵¡
֪Ȼ¡˿˱˵һഽҲ£ǹµĴ
麼ôʵǻִˣ
ָ򥴦£ڡ
ѹЩ˼һص˵ˣ
̧ȻڵоСֿ±Ĳǵæ£պҪӸ
⵹ͬص˵ͷȷϾɫǻ裬ӦҲһˡ
ú̹
˵ţֵۿ麣һһؽſڡ
ңǸֶûеĻ
麺ϸ΢һָе˼ƿߣƬ̺־Լʵ̫Ӳת˻
ȻѰһ㣬ƿ˻⣺ݵ飬ִô
˵ֽתƵˣǴʱǺܺ죬ŵ⡣
Ц£գûټֻݴʷƽ֮ǰѾŲˡѼ˾׵Ͼıȡְͬʱ˽εĹ˽ιϵ͢Ĳ˰գ飬ԵθãӹܣҲܷɡ
ԸϾ»ıӻϾ˽һεؿɲʲôһݴʷ飬ôϾûдϢȻǾš
һ̣ȻЩ鶼ڳ͢ڹܣֻǴҲ׬ڽϣֶǧ
˽һο˽زεأռزĲεأһ˰˽ߣô˵ҲһӴܻµǮǾˡ
û뵽⽫ЩԼ˵ָŸ󣬡ݵ¡ô֣
ῴǰǹӼƣ۵伮ȻҲǶ٣Ȼ֪˽Ƕصһ;˳Ϲϵ
ڣض룬Ҳ֪ܽȥܴƵģȻϾе壬һ廹飬ֻȨƵӺҡ
˵ͷǣԻöлõ߷磬ȻǽɽʷֻҲδȫˡ
µۼλȻϾеǧ֮Ľ϶֣ײˡ
ΪбӣôݴʷΪŴûдϾ
Ƹ˵Ҳ㹻ܶˡ
ǻƲ⵽ĸ𣿡
麶ʵ֪֮٣Ȼڳٲ࣬Ҳ벻ϣʱ̲סһ¡
ǵϣǡ
ԣͻȻۿ
ֻǸոѾ㹻˿ͷˡ
Ͼ¹ع˽Ĵ
֪ԼأֵܿҲʣֵҲδھͺá
ͻȻЦʲô
Сҷء
ʲôأ⿴ֻǸո룬֪öЩôȤʵԹ¿ô棬֮ǰڶʱ򣬹¾͸һһ۵˵ǸʱöԹҲˡ
еɢ˵̸ܽ
Ķ֣ǵ⡣
麿ڽͣ»˵Ǹϡ
ҲáЦϾǰùµ˲ί˾˿һ㡣
˼Բϣ
ⲦŪһϵС飬ĵӡ˽εĵӣôһĹͷô
еģĸ壬棬Ҷϡ
Ŷ֮λѾãҶϾŵŵ壬ôܲǸλЩͷ
ҸֺʣĻӣҪôȨƣҪôСҪôز
ҴѾĿټ˽δ̵ˮ˵ûǱȻǲܵġ
϶฻شʷ⽫ĿϣѰ
һݣȻǣô顣
ǻǰݣ׼ǴʷѺ𣿡
üߣ㻹ô϶
麵ķβεػ֪ģ븵֮Ҳûȷе֤ݣȻҪųߵ㡣
̧ۣһΪֶǽ͵˾УȻǿڵġ
Ѱȷʵβһ
ﲻһ
΢΢̧ϣڹߣǰݣҪٰݣͬЩǣǿϣӦǹµӡ
βЩյζ
Ȼ󸵻΢˶٣Ǽٽ֣ôҲ֡ûûһҪίߣҲֵá
ͻȻۣĿϡ
áսδ裬ȻϤϤ
ͻȻյúܽϵ̴ζƬ֮麵ĸ֪֮С
Ϊʱıƽпհһ˲Ȼ˳ĻʣͬСôǣǿˣ
֮ǰ˵ˡƵģ¶Ի飬Ϊ
ҡ
ùװǶԻװ׵֮飬δЩ̫ǿѡ
ԭߵûȥʱĵĻʱжһ
ܻعһ£û麻Ȼ亦ģҲԼ
ֻǴʱͻȻ֪Ϊʲôϲƿ⡣
ҲܺùһԭӶĻơ
΢£ƴǰǰƽֻвŪ̴顣
Ͼǻӣܲƽ޹˾Уи˽ε㹻Ҷ϶սɼҲơ߹սʱгԽʱҶսɵǮԱ߹س䵱ãһеսҲҪɲ١
ͻȻ߹أ뵽˻
һֱʻľʱƬ̣ʵ֮ǰĻôõģ
Դԫ֮󣬾Ҳûᵽ
Ͼ֮УһɣƽʱȻ̸ܶ
麵뿪ǵ飬Ҳûἰ
ͺ֮ǰϵǴֳһ㣬ֻҪߣǰ飬ȫȻ⡣
ʵһֱʻľϾԼϾзߣ麲²ĴãһֱһʣֻҲûҵᣬóȻ𣬷ǵøⲻ죬ҲǺ¡
麵仰ϵЦ£õǹģš
⻰˵ûʲôȴٶЩ⡣
ڵ֮ͫҲϲŭֻȴݷ˵صָֽ䡣
룬Ը͵ҵϾʱ򣬲δԻСġ
ЦһȻǡûжģżʱĽ
һ˵Ż˵ͷҲǣ߹صĻСֿηǳΪ˻ֱ˷ôһˣþҲȻ
ڿˣֻһ޵˼ûС
˵ͻȻڳһԣȻѧŵĶĴ¡
ڽͣ飬ҲֻǶԻСимڳ֮żʵǰҲ֪жҲϣΪҶܵǣΪҷ̣ȻΡ
̧ۣΪߵ⻹δˡ
ԲʼֶĴãἰ
ǲ˵ĻҲ֡
üô壿
ٿѹ˵ãûôú塣
еû˼ٴ̧۵ʱͻȻѹ
ָ˳ƿסԲݾܾ̬
βްֻ麵Ķȴ
һһս
ô塣
л˵
ûгԴףҴԴס



69 
Ȼԫ겻Զ, ǳҲҪʱ
麵΢е룬еС̫Ӳ, , ׼ڸϥСһ
ո, ͻȻŵЦ
ôֽ̧Դã˯ڿµ
ָ̧ǻϡ
ס, ֽܿӵҲ˯á
ָķβ, ţֹ¡
ϴ̬ȵǺܺá
ȷʵǾһ룬Ҵʱ, ž⡣
ڸϥ, ʶ̴ζ
Ǵǰǰ֮, ɽ, βϻѩ, ν
ͻȻ뵽ǰʱڷ֮дһʱգĮ, ȴǲʮ졣
ܶУ, һԻ͡
, , Ǳ˵Ĵȱ
Щ𣬵üֻΪ
ʶȻͻȻڵʵ֣ҴǰȷûҪٻϾ˹ԺϾ˵ֻŨصģͷ칬ǽںܳһʱĸ׶ڵУŹǽ֮ȸսݡǸʱҾ룬պԵĻһҪ뿪ãպ󶼲ڹǽ֮С
ģĸ׵һΪߣ಻Ϊ鰮ȵ۸ˣĸԣһֻȥ˳ȸ£Ū£ֻһʱҲԸΪı֮ʣǱڽ˿еȸһˡ
ᣬֻǵ
Ĺ⸲麵۽֮ϣڸĻУزһ¡
ʵûĸ׵ĺ󳾡ǵԻֶģҶԣҲֻǴ꣬ת۾ɢ޺ۼ
񣬳㣬ȼѵʱʱΪ̣ҲȨԺľ񡣻ԵνĽʵҲŬ¶ۼظӡ󡣡
ƺԳָ߸ϣһҲδػĻҪֺñ˵ʱ򡣡
ָ˳ļļ࣬Ĭڡ
̹ϵʰףһĹ
ͻʣǱһСǵһǡ
㣬龫ǣȨס
ý黳Щ黳Լ˳λѡ
ڣȴֻʣۡ
ҲδȫȻֶ֪һҲЩ⣬ɱϾҲֻܶϣЩֵĺģҲҶġǻ֣ЩĶȷǺ֪ˮա
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ڻش𸵻⵱ԫʱĻ
ܻЩˣ֪ǶģҲꡣ
ʼȷۡ
紨ἰǰ߹صĹŲףȻԶ˼̻˸Եķ¡
ҲΪʱʶԺŴ࿴ʲôԳһϲ˽ӽĵĮ
һڹУǸⰵб࣬ԵǰҲĵʱ
ôУôûвάʱ
ԲŲҶģֻΪԼ̡
˳ķڸϥֱߣϴһζѬ㡣
⾲Ĭãڵ֮ǰþ˵˵ȨԸ˲๷ֺ㡣ԣʲôίĻҪǨҡ
кҡͷȻЦ¡
˵ô˼ֻû󲻶࣬Բί
ˣ֮ϾʱӦԸϵϾ滨Ļڡ
̾һֲ̧Ūһɢķʵ˵ôã۲ۣ
ԭе룬¡
۾˯ɡһ麵ļеںˡ˻㡣
˼ԶʱͻȻڡ
֮ǰһ仰˵ĲȻҲûĻҪֺñ˵ʱ򡣡
˻֪ѵ𡣡
ֺõˣ㡣

һڸߣУΪŮС֮лиҪźԴҲò֮У۵Сۡ
ѰʱǸӣ˺ϲԺĲ⣬ϲľС˯
պͱ֦ĵкҲе˯ţԾͺĵغ֮еĴ档
һҧҧصӣһͷȥײҪôȱʹ
زʤ䷳
ĺ󾱣Ƭ̣һ
ǹĹԼĻԼҲҪ
ˡ
رŽûʲô˼
ѵƢôõˣһһԱ£һĴصԴһҧҧ۽ǡ
رĿ綨ӡ
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ôģ뵽֮ǰ˵İݼڡ
룬¹ֻޱȵȮҲ˵Ȯģǳ
ĸƿᣣĳжܵݣ
ô䲻һóеһλģǲǾԼݳ̫Щ
úһԼĶͷΨΨŵŵүаʱҵĹ򡣡
һӲػһл
Ͱ·
ŵеγһ
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¡
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һգ۵ĹͲˡ
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ΪȻص˵ͷС֦˵ÿμµʱ򣬻Ǻܺ£Ȼ¿Ҳʲô࣬ǾĪе¡ϾǱ£ǰڹУôߵˡ
֦˿ʱſںУе˵
ͻȻûͷûԵ˵һ䣺λ¶Թ⡣
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Ǹῴ²˵ģ֮ǰڵʱͰ׷Сͻ죬⴨Ҳ⡣λһҲǲʤ䷳ȴûȻ㻳϶Ҫ״ġ
֪֦ŵĽʲôϵеãȻؿ֦
֦ɸֵصºԴеʱ˵̬ȴߵ˶̬ȾƳǴڱߣҲǳ͢٣ŵȨͷĴ٣ȴֶٰ̣㻹ƲΪʲô
ֵ̧֦ԴǺҲǼȮˡ
ֻںĻҡҡβ͡

̴ζǣ˯úܰȣȻѹʱΧѾһƬˣֻСϵһյССơ
ʱԫ뿪ʱݣҲǽĺѡ
ȴѾǴƬƬҹɫЩůƵĵƹ⡣
ݵķλҪԫΪһЩҲҪԫ΢һЩ
ҲĴ
麴Ӹϥգ۾ʵ֡ûл𣿡
˯óûĽѡ
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л˵
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70 
ԶԫҪϲ, Ͼ̼֣˸, ʱǳ, ǰǹ۾˲
ݵش, ϾƣʱѾ֮ҲҵߺǸһ̻ĸΪһЦ, ǧ
֮ǰðլԺǽȡһ, ȻҲֻţҲһΪƧµԺ䡣
ǿȥԣȴǱж, Խ˼
ʵû׼ôͶҶ϶, ϾȻӲ̫ʹ, Ҷȴܻʱ, ʱմСĽԼӵϼӹ, ʱµ۵ùͷ
֮ǰϳŵ飬вûģ̫ĸ, ôһǣһȫ壬Ͼ꣬иν, ȴûӵùҵ
Դµ۵ǻ, аԵ۱, ϾҲҪ֮죬˼ٸΣǼβˡ
Ϊڽ϶Щֽţ㹻ΣҲϾǡ
档
Ȧ֮ϣе̴ֳָذ˼£еɢŴصĻ
ݴʷѰϲȥ̻أ⣬ϲȥĵطλƽǧ̨ǧ̨ݾĶķϵشҲһ֣ĸ̶һǧĺģӣλȨصˣֻ¶ǰĸ֮УδؿԶص
صƽ޲Ա뾡鰸ĻǰѰȥ̻أĿԻΪһЩ
ⲦŪ̴ָ£ֻһݴʷҶϣֵô¡
΢£ңûζ
سĬ˺ܾá
ȻȭִͿһܿ־ԼЩףܿͱȭӦԼǡ

ǰǧ̨֮Уۿ麣ǰݣǹվڵлϴлۡ⻧ǰ̣ȴΪûõįˣЩ֯⣬ΪǰЩʱյһʣл뿪лңӲ֪١
лǼдӣֳСܹذǰл۲ôӣΪСͼҵ䣬һֱ־дҲֳڹܣûжлֵܲء
ⳡʣΪл۷һεءƾϢõһǸ֮жǧĶǰţմʷ֮л۲뵽ǰݣǰݴʷׯס
򵥽һݴŵͼ
εȻǼٵģֻڲƭݴʷһڰˡ
һ£ݴʷҶϵȷ˽ƵĻô֪ôһδֵ͢ĲεأȻҪռΪСһεؾѾΪеĻһӴôһ£ݴʷϾҲֻΪ߹δظƱҪǰϾ֪Ҷϣʱ˭֤ҶϱȻǻġ
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Ц
úܴ
ֻһޣǴЦβ֮Уȴһ޵ɫ
ܿ˹ؿڣεݣȻл۵ӽϡλ϶лһģ׾֮֡
Ȼóеĵ٩
˵ۣȻ̧ܿۿûнŵĻֻʵ֣лصվڵأݴʷǰȥز̽ʵ׾ͻֶᷢߡ
⽫ֳڳУ͵лΪ²Ҹ֪Уڲݱڲ֮С
ϾմȨĽ£Ȼ©
·Ѿһһ׼ȫ
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ⷽźܿؽ꣬ȻڴʱһЩɢ֮УһЦ
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ţ
סһ¡
Ӧǻ֡ԵۣڵݣӦҡ

*
ҹƽͳҹƻͨССĶķ鲼ʢĻǧ̨
ǧ̨Ǻڱִֻ֪ǧ̨ΪʲôȴݳڹΪһ׮¡
Ŵǰһλӹǰĸ̣ƥģϵشŵĸԣϻạ̊́ǰݣԭؼУ˭֪ȴƽڵĶĳɢҲƣһҹ価ȫҡ
ڹլۡծ
檽Ϊ˼Ҳƣһҹ֮ͱ죬
λ̴ӴһǧɣǰЩ֪ԱЫ˵֪ҲǸʵ³׮ɢҲƵȴǹΪҶķҲ˸ǧ̨š
ǧйڶĳ֮УҲȷֻǹ̡
֮ʣͿҵ
֮ǰ޳ͽıڣȥԺ󣬾ҡһ䣬ӵҲơ
Ҳǰǧ̨ǰΪý£ȴһҹ֮ԻΪ˿ЦϣĽޡ
ʱҹǧ̨ߺЦк֮
дϽ⣬СɾǿȥѾ͵̼֣ķ֮϶ЩƵ˷ܡ
ģҹҲв٣ǧ̨Լ㣬Ϸѣ˫½淨漰
˵ͶôǮóӶˣˣöİѴģôһѣպﻹҪƹ㵽ǹȥϿĴѱȻǴ󣡡
һһǧ˾ȣһǧС
λĸҹվȻҲܷǮÿӶûˣλðƤǰҲǱʱڷأȻǧ̨
λǱֵɫͨ죬ɫŷؿľеӣСվӮǧ˵һ䲻ǣٸү˵ЩɥӮˣԺүǰˣ磡
СС
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̣ׯǱ߻ЩԥСˣǮһŲһߣȵ֣ˡ
Ŀⶼۼׯеľϡ
ЩȫҵĹעһҲֻΪ֮ǲ
һͬڶĳ֮еʱ򣬿ſڴһѵɾٿȻƼףͶӵɾһʱЩסͶӶڵء
ٿȻæؽͶʰطŵϡ
ӦСƼλףҲҵ𣬼ӿȥͲ󣬵ǸҳĻµҲǱȱȽǡ
С˵ͷʸʲô֣
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С˼ͷĴݳǵĴʷǧ̨ĳͣǴʱλɵʱ򣬻ǲ֪Ϊʲôŵ
Ǿ˵ʲôݲ
С˻񣬺ܿΪܵǧ̨ݳڵĵһķҪʲôĶУҪЩģǾǶĴС˫ǹϲЩģͶͶһ㣬Ҫ˳¥ߡǹϲЩģڸ䣬絲ţ˵徻ȥ
źЩȱȱŲǰߡ
ǴĶĳ֮УȴȻͬЩԵü󣬼ߣ߹ٶҪĵطҲͥŲԼͥԺ
˲ɵаԴĦ˵ݡ
Ҳ֪ǲǳţ»ǵЩ
ǧ̨֮ʱףȴǳòȴʵǲࡣ
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Ůɵĳ࣬вɰԴĦһ¡
ֽµѾλǸŮɫģǴǰȵۻڣʹ֮ʢУֻƾλŮɵòݴʷƾѹڽʷ֮ϡ
Ŀڶľ֮ɨ
Ե麵ʲô
麶ڲ-һ֪֮٣ǰҲֻںСʱ򣬿˴˫½ֻ塣
ǶҰ壬δؿӮ
麿ҡҡͷ
ӦǱׯҾѾ̣Ϸֱһ壬塣
Ǵ
ΧڶԵɫ죬һӡ
ŭȣ˿˿ϲ
ְ֣ʵЩаڻû˺ʱϽȥɣ֪㽫бŸǳȢϱǮûˣǲð
ֵɫŵؿϵ֣ϴź֪ĺ¡
ǧһȺǧĳǧˣ
ԱһǧѹСĸׯµӣ§ԱߵˣЦһǧˮƯΪƼվˣҲ㲻ʲô
Ҳյ˲ǮչǰȥϿ·ѣʹ֣Ǯ뿪
븵СǶעãæڵﲻ֪أǧ̨ĵģųҲ󣬲˫½ЩЩӣЩɣ
õģʹ˷ɻڴУõģʹʵҲ
С˶븵ͷСλ֪λȻǸҲǹϼӹ󣬹󲻿š
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-飬һͷʳ֪ζ
֡
ְԼе̴ֳ֣ɫ죬ۿʵô
Ȼ˶ĳȻҪһԵģ֪Ҫע⣬˫½ϾֻǼ֮ĲģȻûĴС̴
˵ͷ
еֳĻ
Ƕͽ඼ǴΪĿȣеĵĮȴΪϵЦЦЩӵܶеĶɫȮľ뵡
麣ĴС
Ҳֻضһѣ麲ûʲôԥСɡ
ⲢûмӦֻ˹ذԼеķ̴飬¶ʮȴֳеζ
麼˼ʲôһᣬŸⷽŻû壬ֻ
ڴʱٿȻ̧ۣӡ
Ķķ֮Уڶ࣬ʱ΢һЦǡϾͷŭɡ
Ȼթ
ָڶ֮Ϻߵһ£Ȼ֣ƱݵС
ֽ̧Ʊڶ֮ϣָƱѹһ£Ȼ赭дؿڡ
һС
л˵
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71 
, ȴձһ麵ʼ⾲һƬ
帵˵Ͻһ޵ĻȻ
Ǹ븵ͷСԭź, ʱ⻰, һ, ˵ϡ
ׯҴǰȻҲǼ˴ģϾǧ̨ĸ߹ٹ̺ͣ, Ƕ֮꣬ʱǰɾ˵ڵĻ, ľѵҲ̲ס͵ضһ¡
࣬٣
һ
һĿϵشٸ̶ǿó, һ, ҲԶֹĿ
Ƕʲô඼, һʱͷ, ϴź⣬ԽԽ, ʮѲܻ۵ĿѰһѾͶһģ
һʱˣһҲˮ, տʼһӾͶĸһϵֱʵ, ֻ°ָͷҲδҵһ
ολɾ̬, һҲֻֿǲˡ
ݳʲôʱôһλ
һӮ, ǧ̨Ҳеĺġ
ׯĿڸתתЩȻССˣڶ˼䡣
С︵ѹŵƱͷӦǡ
ׯЦضԸүǺôСǧ̨ôõׯңҲֱܼʡүĸҳСү򣬻ǹأ
ָƱ̬Щɢ̧ۿׯҵôĳǮׯһҪ˵ϸ֪ģ֪ڶǮ֪ģΪڹٸ참
費ҪҲһ֪ׯң
ׯ˵˼䲻ңеү˵ЦˣǶЩСôĳ棬һʱƻۣүµĻ
ЦԼ£Сˡ
صܽǧ̨ĸͷׯ¹ֺֹ˵Цˡ
⻰˵õҲҪ˵ǫѷҲ̸ϡ
ׯָĦԼеľѣһӹǫˡֻСҪ˵ɷ羰ĻСȻƳӻ¶ðŹǧ̨ĹضģǰǮƱҪһһġ
˵ðƱҲ٣ס˶ա
Сվڸߣӣ
⵹Ҳûгɣ̧óЩλãСϸ顣
С֮ϸս˿ƱƤֽӣڶĳĵƹ淺ŵĹ⡣
ֽţҲǲͨģ滹йٸӡ׭дĺ㸣Ǯׯֺš
Сϸϸһ£ֵƱȻֻôģҲһƼЩס
һֱȵϸ꣬С˲ŶԲԶׯҵңȷǺ㸣ǮׯŵƱ
ׯ˵ǲ죬ֻǵ˵ͷ
С˵ĻվһԵһֿȺȻûдۣǿýģЩ˽
ᣬݳ𣿡
ôݵģݣô涼û
˹ˣϣҲû˵ôһѲǴӱǰĸӣ
ãҲûʲô
֮ˣ벻ݳĺ
ԱкȰСɾһɲʲôСĿȻǼЩǮҲôڣˣɾһһ嶼òӶûľѣֻü
ĳ֮ôȰ˵ҲЩ죬̧ۿ˿ųڵˡ
ǸݵɾԼʮ£ϵûʲôͽĿȣЩ
һǻǧ̨֮е
⻰һԱߵæСӣ˵Щʲôⶼǧ̨ˣǮ֮ϻջȥĵ
ԱӦڣ˳̾˿Ҳû˵ʲô
ֻЦЦۿվŵ麡
һҲʲôĿеɢ˿İˡ
ׯ麣æӦžѵһɫүһԡ
ȷעׯҽһƱѹСߣҲ˷ܵĺ⣬ԱߵʵעעˣѿǰѴģµĸϽˡ
⵱һԭһԹæע
ѹҪԶѹСˣϾһӮˣҪֵĿһֻǷֵĲ࣬ҲҪԶƽĿϲ١
ȨףУȴЩȣƷȥֻһͭ塣
ţһ¸ӡ
˼Ը
±ֻ֡Ҫһ𣿡
Ȼһڶ˵ֻҲ㲻ʲôĿǾôȥģӮϾ˾͵ֻǮ졣
Ȼ֪Ϊݴʷע⣬Ͼһ
ʱСȵקקڣѹͣϸ΢ɢڸľࡣ
С㣬ʵǧǧ̨ҲһʺܴĿҲ㹻ݴʷע⵽ˡ
صģ۵Ļڴغʹܺ˵С
룬ֻǾЩֵݴʷϾҲֻΪ߹ΪһʵЩֵ̫
˭˵ΪˡѹúܵͣȵϢ麶࣬Ų˵ô
Ϊ˺˿ġ
ֻѹСѣδػ䡣á
עѳɣ˵Ⱦ麴ʱڸߣҲȻһŵ
δ-ʹϾ֮̾ϲ̨ĶϾĶĳһΪִ߽ӵԵĵطļǰĳҪгѵͽġ
ʱŶԽԽߵĳ룬ҲͻȻһΪʲôЩ·ߵĶͽǻѡעһ
Ϊڼ̵ǰϦĽźܶ˻˾վ֮ȴȸС
֫庡ĩӣǼģǰһƽƣһԨ
ȫȻȫۼׯССľ֮ϡ
קŸڣֻĻҲ֮û
ľ֮зײ֮
ׯһߺ֣һרעҡеӡ
Χ˶Ŀׯҡľ֮УֻΨ⣬֮Уֻۿߵ麡
˶ҲãǲҲա
ⳡľֵʤ⡣
ׯҽľ䶨վߣ̧˸Ķ
ǧ̨иĵĹأľиµүӣλү
ׯҲЦѣȻˣľӵģˣǧ̨ϾҲ˾ģô岻飬λүĶעҪóһ룬ָˡ
ȷҲʱǧү³ô
ׯҺЦסû˵ֻ⴦ͣ٣ȴʵ˼
ĳȻҲжĳĹأƽĵطǧ̨ĶĳˣȻҲȨơ
ɫ˿δ䣬ȻЦЦģʲô
ЦҾڣдһǷ顣
ȻǷ
ׯȻҲûô̹Ȼ˵ôһϾͷ˼ҶӣֻҲ˽˵˵λһģ֮ͥ¾ô˵ˡ
ׯ麣λţж׺ģ
ôţׯһǼ˵˻˵ȻŵЦǱˡ
ׯҽľŲֱߣ롣
Χ˵Ŀⶼ麵С
麺һָľѵʱ򣬻ͷһվԼߵĸ⡣
ǡߡ
˶ڹעⳡľֵӮȴȫȻ⣬Ŀ⣬ֻ麵ϡ
֪ڵĽţ̧Ц¡
һ۽ޣȻ̧еľѡ
ӽһĵֱһġ
ȻС
ڿ֮ǰׯҾѾԤѹǧ֮࣬ѹСģһʣµֻܼ
ǧȫӮ˻
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֮ǰλΪ˻ĵĸ̣Ҳѹڶ棬ջһǧֻΪ˳ͷ˭֪˸һģ͸ȥ
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ԱǮӦǰһͶһ˭֪ǲǶЩֶΣȻϾӵܣδػôֱʣ
ЩһԱ˲
һĪֵСӣӳһƱ
ԱߵǰҲǣǳǧˣȻʲôһӾͶôģô㣡
ׯɫƺҲЩΪѣǰĸ⣬λүŴһ˵ҲЩľѣȷʵСЩǷˣϾλүҲǸףһЩҲѰ
ǷǷϵǫѷǰѾͲˣٶһѣأľѣһȻҲ˵ʲôˡ
̧ۿׯңҿľѵʱׯҾߣׯҾþĳʲôƤӵ£ûѾ֪Ӯڻһ˵Ųĵ
ׯϴźЦ˵ĻģֻϾԿη˵ĳмˣϾҲˣ۷̥ģз涼ģһи©ʲôģҲ˺
ԱӦڡ
ѶĵôΪЩͷĳҲУȻ֪ĴСıſԲµӦѹࡣ
Ͼһ˭ûһ˳ӡ
ˣҪһΡ
ȵһѵʱ򣬾Ͳͷֻгɡ
õẠ̊́ôǱ׬
ԭ̴鱻ȡ£Ҳº͵Ц⣬ۿǰׯҵׯҵ˼ǣǶˣ͵һΣǶӮˣҾҪĸԸطһ
Цⲻβ
ׯ̴õǺãֻǡô˵ĺ£
л˵
~


72 
ǧ̨ƽ֮пô, ȻΪ̵ġ
۱˭뵽ǸλȨصġ
ׯұҲֱͦ, 뵽Լ, ϵЦֻ΢ͣЩ, ү˵ﻰҲͼ֣ǰѴҶˬһҲ㲻ʲô, ǶүµģҲǲ
һ߹ά, һﰵ˵Ѳ
ʵǲԸôأ
ׯЦүȻǽǧ̨ȻҪĹ, ȻҲǲΪү, ֻǹ, ϣүҲ
麴ǰϾĽӴί, Щʱ϶ҪЩαƵƤ, ǱͱҲǵˮ©
ûнӴ㼸вľ
վŵ˲Ǹ⣬ĵͷ, ҲֻаԳԿķݡ
ⲽ˶ԱߣָϵĽһҶ, ȷʲôֻҪ˵ء
˿, ׯҷ𣿡
ׯһʱЩûӦ, ʲô
ָ΢еʱͻһӰͶׯҵĿС
ֻǶܿ죬˼ֻܿӿӹĲӰׯȴȻоԼдҵʹѪζһӿһײļʱڿУִнӡ
ʹǵĸ͹
ӴʱׯҵĺУûа취˵뽫ԼеѪĭ³ְȫˣΪסҪʶʲȥ
ǳεɫӵɵúܴ󣬼ǲŵؿԼǰˡ
ǧ̨񾩣ƽ˫
ǧִ̨Ƶ˵˭ûֻ֪˰²ݴʷôһλλȨص˳û˸ǧ̨¡
ɢýָЦ⣬ӷŵĻҷ˵ǣôˡ
ΧŽҲʱϢģλɾϼЩꡣ
û˸ǧ̨£ңҲֻܹԹԽɿ
ǵǵģҲ಻ټڶΡ
ׯ͵һڣлѪڵϣ๾һȦ
סС˻źȵ˸£ǻʲô
СγѣһֱֻվڽļλಲҲƳԾǰ
Щಲ󺺴ĸߴ󣬼࣬ȥΪ׳ʱľĿⶢվȺ֮е븵⡣
üͷЩ·û׳Եۿ麣ָ̧۾
ߵаհ
ָЩ⣬ΪͻȻĶƬ̣Ӧ֪ΪʲôЩЦ
Ҳδ
ⲻ֪ǲǴ֮˵ź˼еػصҪʵھźĻԻȥµġ
ΪǴʱĻֻǵ
Ը⸩麵ʱ򣬺΢Ĳ֮ʡ
ǰʱ򣬴ҲǿģֻҲֻǼǵûްĵƹ£ʮָõʱ
ȻҲֻΪҩʱ⣬¶ļࡣ
۽ޱָסʱزһ¡
ө޵һ¡
Ǳ߽ţλɾȻ֪˵Щʲô
Ҳ֪޿֣ʵ档
ǧ̨ǴǰңϢҲδܴȥ
׳ߵĳеû׼ߵׯҡ
ׯҴʱ仹ӿѪ͵ؿ˼£нʣݶȾѪɫžʹкŴ󺺵ǶʲôϽµĸץ
ֻһȥµӣ߻һֻУҲ̲ʲô³
ׯȻʱžʹл쳣
һֱǸݴʷӵģǧִ̨ҲǸǰλȵۻڵʱ򣬸뾩еĳλߵýȵѡ˵ĻʹҲá
Ȼλµ۲Ůɫλȴʵݳ뻹컯
ׯҷҲֻô룬ϾλɾȥЩ鷳ԵҲû룬ȴʵǲʶ̧٣ͲҪˡ
ׯָ΢΢̧𣬸׼˵ʱȴԼľ˺΢⡣
֮УЩѪ
ׯԭʤȯյЦʱȻֹȻֻ̧ۣԭЩĶķ֮дʱȻƴĴִʱ߶վһλɫ
неסЩֵľֺֻͿѪǧ̨
ǧ̨Ĵ֣ЩǴǰֵĵˣҲЩЩĺú֮ʲôǵĲ硣
ȴһ˲֮ͱ˶ס
쵽˶ûзӦ
۽ޱ⸲סֻܸоΧࡣ
ׯұеţһʱԼеѪĭ˲ϣĿ͵ؿŸôʵش뿪ǧ̨
˸
ĸ⻹̫ӵʱ򣬳ԼĶһ㣬Ե۶๣ڵ˽۹۱Ǳǹģֺ˵ֻһݵĶķ
شʱȻ֣Ĭؽ֮ϵǮãԼУ¹ضԼڵصׯҵһһǧһʮׯƷˡ
˵껹ǿضЦ£ȻվһԵĻ̌һ̧֣뿪
֮Ҫݴʷ棬ȺȻܾɱ⣬ǳЩͷǿԵġ
жʱһƬ
ǧ̨ӣϢҲҪһЩ̤еʱܸоϢøɾ
ܵսϴˮ磬̧ϸС֡Ѿˡ
ֳ̧߸ǰ֡
شƽȻǧ̨ʱҲӰĽַ֮е鲼¥Сķ첻нϴеϷϸϸһЩѽѽϷ֮
鸡ƽȥлЦЩ
⳯Ǳüغܿᣬ˲׷ȥһһЩѨЩȻֹ
ЩЩͷԵģҲ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻܷ˴֮зĴš
˲ĵؽǰȥ
ס麵Ĭǰȥ
֡麼鲻ݣ뵽˷ŵ飬Ϊڽ黳СҷŵûпҲҲû뿴лǰ
ٺˣʱ˵Щ΢еԽ˵Խ͡
Զٲţôǰˣ
ͻȻôʣʵеû뵽
Ųֻһ˵Ļûôϸ˵˿ڣѰҲûҪѰʵ׵ġ
ڱʣֻ΢еضס
ԭΪ鲻ݣʱ̧۶ߣȴжЦ⡣
һϷʡ
ûеա
ס麵󣬻ô
̧ЦЦ޷ȵȥ¿Ժúøÿôǰġ
л˵
ſˣ=v=
~


73 
ǧ̨־ܿʹ˳ȥ, ļķݶ겻Ķķڳôһͷһֱеׯҿûʣ˼ź˵塣
û̽ͻȻݵ˵˭, ǵ, ȴֶǵõ˸ҡͷĴ𰸡
û֪ôһ˵ǴӺζ
ׯϴ, žͱӴڸûʣ¼ţžʹվһԴľС˵졭ȥϢȥ
СӦҹɫ˴ʷ
ƽв˶ڰ־, Щ󵽵ôճ
Ͼλǧ̨ӣɲôúŪȥ, ҸΪ˸ãݶǧ̨ΪĲڶ, ܾôưոġ
ǰĵȵ谮, ǱϾǵһҳ, ĳ, ûи³
ôģҲұ¶ֺ, ֻڰš
ƽһĸƽֻ£аӿ
ʷ
⴦ʷνǻǳ, ĳ涼ĵ̻ʱգΪ˷ֹǳо, е߶˱
µС˱׵ģ, ŵӵ, ѾԺˣɡ
С󣬡µģȥͨһСǧ̨µģôЩˣûʲôӣȴͻȻиǰ˳ӣ˭֪¶Ǹߴ˹ܵĵطȴ£ⲻǰ˲Ǹߴ˷
СһۣǿĵЦȴΪһǣ˴ۡ
СȻҲ֪û²ӦŴˣǽ¡ʵЩ˵ȥˣµҾͨһ˵˵
µȻ֪ƽƢǳ˼׼С˹ԶʱԱͻȻ߹һ̴ӡ
̴һŹµĵԫǱߴϢûƼѾ뿪ԫꡣ
µ⻰Ϊķңﻹܵǧ̨üͷ׼üҶѹСߵʱ򡪡
СۼƼ˱еĻ̲סʧ⣬СҼ
µһ̽ʵ
СͷǸûСļǽǧ̨֮мСĲϴ
µĳƬ̣Ŀʾһ̴ӣȻ̴Ӷ˼䡣
̴ӵܿȥˡ
յȷѾˣʮλ檣Ȼɫϳ˵ѾϾµҲһˣʱ޹ǵż磬ʵ˽𣿡

䣬ͻȻߵŵ̴ƽ޲صˣǰҵǸˣˡ
Ѱ˻ϵգȴʼնһ
ӵ½Щ鲻ݣΪµۼλǰЩʱ򻹴ûµĻɫþöûҵʵѡʱƼ
ô춼û˿нǣȴûа취¶ֺ
ڵ֪ͻȻϢʱЪϢҴҴȥ
ߵ檲˿ָ˳ش£ڵ֮ϣ˫ֽϥϡ
Ӵϲŭ޳ΪֺҲķЩ˼ԼߣϲԼĻֱȽϣ츳ʵƽƽֻΨԺ֮лݣԶʤڶ
Ҳִ˲ƣؾڴ˵
ߵǰ֮Уſڵϣ̧ͷСˡ
СӼΪǱϵЩõģǸƲϣһֱ߽ĹһعǰΪ
Сһѱһؽǧ̨֮е齲˸߰˰ˣΪкģʵҲǺ
ûжȤЩָֻϵָߵ·ǰĻ۾С˵ԣ㵱Ǽ
Сͷشˣǧȷǧ̨µģǣ
һ˵һ߻ͷأǧ̨ʱ¶ǽһƬ
תתԼϵָѵ꣬ʱ˼⣬Ƥϵ嶼ɼ
̧΢Уȥ顣
ߺƽ˼Ȼݣô֮ǰپҪ
ˣӦ֪³ġ
һԵæӦǣҵϽȥ
*
ȥ֮У麻ڻ˵ڵĻŲԶŵʱѲ˳¿ȥ
һ򶼴üΪףȶ۵ú֮ܽʱһЩĮζԺ˽ֽһ
еĸɽĥ
֮мžʱֻꥡ
麵ߴӸʱһ˿Ľ֮һζİQһԼָʵЩףƿߣԼᣣ֮⿴ȥ
ʱֵգ绹ǴЩ⣬ԭ֮ʴһ⣬Ϊʱķ磬һЩ
ƽ޲ڿʲô
΢£дЩЦ⣬ƶûŪ𣿡
Ż񣬿ʱǺڵϹһֻܿӵǽϰ߰ߵĺۼ괣ڴ˵ĺϢ
˫ַڳأȥʱԶȷŸ
СصֻΪ͸͸
˹һͻȻԭ»Ϊں¡
ʱ򷴵Ǵա
麲ϲȫȻƿصľ棬ųԳ룬תʵʲ
֪Լ󵽵ʲô˭֪ոת͸ܵ˽ߵ̴ζ
ⲻ֪ʲôʱֳĳڡ
ܸߣʱ麵ıǼ⼸ĺͻ𴦡
麵ӽǿȥܿ۵һ˿ĿȣʱͻȻϵĿȺѽ⿪
ʱ֮еƻʢֹסɢ˼۽޲ȻͿĺͻ»һ¡
ЩɢţڲŹˣ
ʱ򣬳򻺻ͣڵ˹ңˡ
˿ţСȵţѵ֣Ѿˡ
Ųãʱ麼ܸо֮ļ
֮ҪЩʲôæѵǳٳٲȥ˿»ᡭ롣
һǻõ˼ǣ֮оͿԣ
û뵽ôԼ˼̧ۿС⣡
±ѹúᣬȴִһգһֻ߳ŭūצӣȴûеȥֻƵ̧
Դǰˡ
ۣһۣǱëһ¡
µСˣûж˵ʲôվ֮ǣ
йСԶʻȥ
⴦СԺ֮Уֻʣˡ
ʱգԶ֮ҲŪԶϸֻúԶЩģ
ɿؿһֱ޼ſڣûɿ˼
СֽҲһˣѾˣɫЩޡ
ûϾͻȻʹһ
ٿȻĻУظоϴ¶ȡ
·ӦʻõĻûʲô
л˵
촦һЩ飬Ǹǣº~


74 
ֿ麵, ½Ŀȡ
ʵĿֵĴе
ִƿľʵ˵ǺãڴʱͻȻ̧۽ޣȻһ¡
, Ȼ֮ǰǵĴ, ʱʱ, ǴһЩԶ׼Ĳ
½ɢ׵ļʯ
ָû㣬ֻܱȳļ, ܸо΢ӲƬ̡
ѹеͣ麣ţ
еûʱͻȻо
ָļ, ϸϸܵشдָ⴫ݵ˼֮У룬𣿡
ֻЦ, ÿɷ, ۿ, Ŀ
ͫʺܺ, ҲԵõĮʱϡ
һָ, е֪ʱôġ
ÿһ˲ߣ޵ϳڶʡ
˼⣬ֺ̽
Ƭ֮, ͻȻὫ𣬷ŵ˴֮ϡ
ٿȻڿʶعסĲ, оȹ¶һ, Ĳ, ȴܿ͸оѾѹ˱졣
ȹƣ¶ϸϸ塣
һ򶼺ף˴Ĳ账ðģ춼ɹģϢ
һִֻĲ˳ס½󣬸׼ڻʱ򣬸ͻȻѹ
ʱ½ɢңȹĥ֮ʣܸо¶ȱȳ΢һЩ񣬽ʵ
麱ִ֮ȻʱЦʵ֪ôǰ𣿡
ʵûп۵úܽ麵ָܸоʱտŸݣǴʱʣȴ˿Ե
ֻֿͣڰQϷû¡
麵ָͣ
ʵڸ˵ʵеĥ
ɿѹ麵ȻͻȻ֡
ָҴǰ鰮һһ֪֮٣ҼƿɳµĹҲֻ˽ɻ飬˭˭ãֻʲôȫɷ֡Щġֻ鱾Ͻ־ʵٻ뵽պһһ˶Ҫߵ·Ϊ뿪ǣҲòʲôס
ΪĸױȵǿȢ빬ǣʵҶЩһֱúֻܵ߾˼Щһ嶼ûУϾ֮㲢أʵǳ֮ٳ飬ʱֻʣҲ˶ѡ
ָ࣬ڡ
۾ǴʱвûеƣҲܿʱ۾ɫŸĹΡ
ľĴһ¡
Ǹ⣬ԫеʱ򣬴ǰңɼ˲˼̻Ǹʱ룬ҴҲν鰮ʲô˼
Щˣ㲢ͱ˷ֺ˵ȥǱĵһӦǻ۵ġ
ӷֺԻ֣Ѿˡ
ָԱߣţʵʲô
ϲѰʵףе˼رȥ־ԼЩ׵תصϴ˵̫ˣԼҾǶҲֻһ㣬ҿһ㡣
ڣѾˡ
ζûӦƤܱͫúܺڣԲЦʱʱζ
һֻľ󣬴ʱ֪ȴʵЩ׼ڵʲô
ްĹ⾰֮Уһָ׼ֵʱ򣬻ûг;˻ȥ
ٿȻ
Ϊʱ½ɢܸоϵĴУֱϵ֣һһʱ̡
ָѹľ󣬺ؿʼӦ
һִֻϣµǿźС롣
ϾǵĴ˵֮УλˣԵδˣǸ֡
ȻԫϿյ˽ԶƬƽɽ
ǴλڽϱСʱǸʱˡ
ԭǻעһˣҲڲĵӣΪľԭֻ˳һ㣬
ֻΨһΡ
ĳӿֿסһֻ˳żϣܸ֮оԼҲ֮ӲƬ̡
麼е
˼ҲȫȻǴӵģǴսͷ÷ߵĻ֦һһǴӵһ
㽻ѾȫȻֲԴ
⾰ްʱȴͻȻߵߵš
ƽ޲⴫¡
ͻȻ뵽ؾڲԶ֮⣬ʵǾЩ߳ܣ̲ס̧Ƹ⡣
ȴ˿Ϊֻ򥣬
ضڵ뿪ǧ̨ʱδڣѾҵˣƺбôã
ݽڸƿ֮£ǧ̨飬֪ôҲǵ֮С
ԭļƻ֮Уǽվǰȥݴʷ׳ûа취ܾĳ룬ҶϵǰݣҶ˻˼ЩǸ⣬ҵһεĴ£δ͵סӡ
ڣΨһı麡
Ĺֻ֮ǰСֲȫȻȷԼĸ飬ԲŶѡ
ŵ
ֻҲոһյĴ֮бģȴδأΣҲ㵽ֹϣס
Եȡ
ʱ֮ʣƫƫиݵҪ
ڵлϵлۣΪ˲ȡΣ˳档
Ͼ֮ǻһҪ̸
֮ǰֻŪҶڹ֮еϷУȴû뵽ƫƫʱ
¹һ¡
ˣ£ֱӰѸ͸ȫ˾֮кúʡ
ʲôʲġ
һݴʷϲ̨ĻʵܶѣǵǶ֣Ҳת֮ʶѡ
ƣֻԴصš
ƺʱ֮дŵһͬζҶ룬ֻҴӦһ뿪ˡ
̧ۣŸʵ׼ô죿
һҶϡеֵͣ¡
ǻ׼͵˾ȥ𣿡麶£ǻ֣ΪѾ׼ʱǰҸϾӣûȷ֤ݾͽ͵˾֮Уպһ޺
ֲŲոյǻҶϡ
Խ˵ԽСǣҪҪΪȣΣǷš
ĻͻȻеЦ麵֣¡
˵ɡ
ָţ¹һս
Ժ֮мһƬհס
ȳ΢һЩζǴʱ
麴Ӷ⣬һӵĵط
ָס֡
ڻãһڣܸоԼָҲ֮΢һ¡
ӵ亦ˣǹ¡
֮ǰһ룬ҲֻԼԼожԼȴû뵽ŲոƬ̣ôķӦ
ֱ̧ۣϵ綼ɼ
ǵ̵úܡ
ԥһ£̽ʵǻ֣Ҫ𣿡
仰Ųո˵ָ꣬ܵǲһ¡
ʵЩ˼Ҫջȥ󱻸۵ý˱ֺܷ
һ۽ޣʵָ΢̲סС⣬Ͳܹܹ𣿡
Ȼвȣʱ䶼һ麵Ļ̲סָһüôܣ
֮ɫֵֻܿлùܵˡ
⻰麵ǲ֪ôأָʶ𣬾˻һ
æջȥҪ𣿡
ͣƬ̣Ŵʱ麣ٿȻ̾˿ˡǷš
Ѿӷŵ֮г룬⣬飬ϣǽ͡
Ӧ˵ԼڵʲôոջԼʱȴֻڿţһûɿ˼
麲֪ôģеԵ̧ۣȴǡöϸʱߡ
ָǡ
õã¡
ڵ֮Улű˿ܼʸϵ⡣
Q߷һԵС֮ϣ¹ţɢŵĹΡ
֮ϵ̴Ѿȡ£ҲС֮ϡ
ΪŲոȡ£Ӵʱںϸ΢ز
ʵ˵Ǻ·㷽ű΢ѧѧҲʵ衣
ãܾĥˣԼ
еᣬСʸû𣿡
ôҪôá
ۿЦ£ǵʱҪĻֻҪá
麴֪ڵ˼ǲǰһ´Ӵﵽڵʱ䣬Сʵڣǿл۵ݴʷף
ϾڣҲСʱʱ䡣
ֻһʱᣬʷ谭ҲѰݣҲδػɣôʷ˲ÿֺֻܶýˣԲһ˽ηġ
ǸδҲֶᷢߣҲԾǰݡ
ڣݴʷ˱ϾûҵҴһܴϻۣӦ֪ôٻ̶ȵʱ䡣
֮ǰƻģδػǰ
ⴹŵĻû뵽ʱ򻹽˼ʲôϣѵãרġ
麷Ż£ʱΪĻͻȻʶսٿȻƺһ
һ򶼺ܺʯײϵˮ
Ⱦһǡѩ꽻ڣת۾Ͳ˿塣
ûпʱķӦ˼ɢ֮ʣȴʱͻȻⷽ˵Ļ
е˼ֽľҲһ߳ܡ
һԼѾ̧ʵΪʲôһЩ
ǵе벻ס
Ҳۡ
ôˡ
üԸü֮һЦͫȴѹŻް
Ǿе档
赭дָѹϡ
ǷżĻá
ΪһξܷŹ㣿
л˵
ãҪΣ
Ժ󶼵üǷŵ:)
еСæ˼Ҷ˵
ɶɶԶҪżǣôøó~



75 
麵ָ˿˿Ƶȡ
⿴ʵеƣ, ̧һɢķ˿
ˣ
̧ͷֲҪ֡Լԣͺۡ
˵, Ц, Цǻ, еղסԵ̧ۿ
һ䣬ôЦ
ڷ۵ˣ
, ս麵ô֪֮ǰûԹ
ȻΪ֮ǰڹǵʱ, ¶ôġЩˣ¶һһţŻ
ôˡ
ٺ˵, Ƭ, , ֮ǰЩ, ԸҲ֪, ֻΪôһС¾͡
ָ
£֮, ȫȻͷϡ
ܽȻһһػص£, ܡ
Щ, , ˲ϷʵþͰ棿
麶סܿ찴ס֣ѹеͣͣ
˵ȴҪͣ
ôôź
ԽԽᣬ׺ûã뿪ʵʱͻȻһʪ妵ĴС
̡
ζŵ̴ζմűľ»۾Ƭ֮󣬲Ŵ麡
麻Ҳû뵽ʱķӦЩ㶣ֻϣҰæʱ򡣡
ָſСؼʵҲû˵
飬Ҳ޾ϸض
ʧЦۿʱӣ̲סǼ⣬ãǹµĴ
ִ̧СùӣϸΪָָϸ𪣬޹ǣմһˮգΪøɾ̧ۿ
ŵ飬ͻá
⻰˵ò©ֻԼʱȴҧһЩ
βƣЩЦ⡣
ϻе壬뵽ⷽŵо̧־̻¶֮ϲ
Ϲв䣬
ҪǻæһεĻ£Լ
麸Ͻ֡
ϵȹѾٴˣҺܿԡһ£Ȼһµģµļ϶Ҳ˾ңٴγʱ򣬷β΢ʪЩ˼ذ׵Ľ£ϵĽǰһ㣬Ŀȶϵһ˿
ŵ鶯ȥ뵽˷ŵĸе̴زһš
ſ򣬵ʰãλݴʷ¸ˡ
麻ϵȹϵ練ţ
ȹʵЩ̧Ϊȹϵ練޳ָߣ˵ȴǲ˹µ£ֻͽ˾̫࣬ˡ

ǰⲽüͷţָĥָϴŵİָǰĹµʵǴ˶ѣڶûϢ
µӵεεתתæҲ֪˼Ȼǧ̨߳ģҲе㱾ڵģڷЩҲѰ󲻹˶ݣȻڽϣԴ˵Ȩӵùģ
⻰˵˳˸⣬ⲽĲͣͣŹµģֻЦ£˵Ҳǡֻȵȥˣǰµ֮䣬ϵ˵϶ôµʲôˣ٣δܼԵۼݱҶñʱҲЩ£γǱ߶ͣ˹Ͼеľб䡣
ʱֺܶӵµĻᣬȻŹ
ڽô޼ɵ£ʷɲ࣬ҶԼԵ۵̻ԵѾݱʧȥҶӣԼڽ飬㹻ǧΡ
ĻµҽӣĬز˲ͷĺֻλȨأôҲҪģµﲻ֪ݵĸĸ٣ôʢÿ˵Ĺͣ⾩оô䣬ҲȻӰ첻˴ˣ
µڴʷ϶꣬Ȼ֪ʲôܺøģʱ۾˵ϹҲ治ɫ
ЦתתԼеİָǰ洫˼е
ʷһҶѵأΪ˲ټ˵ĹʱҴ߽ǰ֮УǹɫЩԥˣѾҵˡ
µæЦŶԸάͨ죬һˣӵù˵ģҲһʱݣʲôˣڴ˸ǰ÷ġ
ЩάãʷǸģ
ֻص⡣

صҵˣķҲڡ
⻰һüͷ͵ؽϵıյڵأ״ɱڵأһصƬеˮ𣬽ϣʪһƬƬѪҲ˳
ЦôһȺﵽʲôãһӣٴû˵ʲôǲԵĵطֱɱ˾ˣպǳǷǣôҪǣ
㣬£ɫֿ˿ʱ̷ˣеò׼ض¡
Ƴ˼Щһ׵յо̧˴ʱǰ޹صˡ
ǰ֮ѾûʲôˣŹˣԭҲֱɱ˵ģ˭֪²Ųոռ˾ʹݲȵؿеĳǲǴʷϵˡ
һµʱĳ±Ϊթ˭֪ȴ˵֪һܾ˵ĳ룬һס
γйء
£û֪εóףоֵĶĳ˿ׯӽУϣȴǴεķݵҲ٣󲿷ֵֶ̼ĵطݵó˵ߡ
ǸԼȻ֪Уһγ
εһǹڳ͢УпĲȡǮƲƣҲֻƾΣ˽ζο˽γ
ļ͵ͻһ£̽ؿγˣʲôͷ
ͨȻһʣΪٶ꣬ȻԼ鱨߸ŵҲ֮Ų̶̼ʱ˵ĵϸͱ
ˣлۣǹϣȴǳһûңȻҲЩǲûˣԶԶ̸ʲôӣֻЩ򵥵ڣлǧ̨кһΪӽϻģֺ˵شǧ̨֮뿪м
лЩʱѾ뿪أֻ鵽ǰЩʱԫţݣĴΪЩʱգûٲ鵽
һûӣȴܳǧ̨֮
Ȼ֪ǧ̨еĴ֣Ҳʲô֮һݸ̣Ҳδؿõó
תתԼϵİָǽ
æӦǣҴҲһԼϵѪȻŴʱ˵λȥ
յʵ˵ۣҲû뵽ԼֻǶһûɫȻǣγ顣
λлǰݣΪԼһ㡣
թ룬ֻһû֮ӣʱɱˣҲܺȥݣԼĵ̣թɡ
ҲǸëͷСӣ˵Ƿ˶ߣʱҲδ֪
˵ĵʲôס
뵽еڻľ֮ϣ˽
ϻ˲ˮپڿʣ̹յһڡ
ոշ£˲ǰ
֮ǰԫŻʱ򣬸֪ŮüΪ¾ڱ˵УҲܳƵǳڡ
ʱŮ߽ʱ򣬻Ϊ֮ʧľޣǰ֮еƻʢΡ
ǸллۣҲͬò̬ʣ֮ʴݣƳʲôûҡ
۾˿ԼǰˣЦòлҪ뱾һס
ɨɨԸꡣ
л˵
ղſб˵ûڸʲôһΪдúˣ
~


76 
ݾþλ, ˵ҲԴһŭ
һЦ⣬Ըߴˡ
תתԼָϵָ´һ¸, ҲǿһЦ, лӲضʲôʱ, ߣʲôֱ˵
˵, £뱾̸׵, ҲָͷĳٵҲ֪л̸ĵʲôס
, ۾, Щ, лӽǧֵ̨һƬǽ, ǻڲƭٵĻ³ô
˵, ֻЦû˵
̴ֳָ䣬Ļ, ɫЦ£صͨ죬Ѿ֪µݡһС֮, õóһ, ô໤, ֣һӿġ
еԨԴȻ׮йء
۾ǰˣʱǴݵģа˼¡
ָŪŹ̴飬̣һʱΪϵǧ󣬼֮Сָ̼ͨԲûˣȻˣȴһǰЩʱ򣬷һγ
⴦γ֪£Ľף⴦γ
̲գݵó׶˿ׯûйǰԡ⴦γе
⻰һǰ֮жʱ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊٶ꣬һǲЦģʱС֮˵Ļʱ̲ס˾κˡ
û˱ȸ֪һγĲ١
ֻԼ˽ŲǸγǴ󲿷ֶҶϵģԼֻǴһˮҲһӴ㹻ӦʷˮһĿ֧ҵ
ָŰָȴǲɫŶлģ˽εĹɷпǼǵ漰˽Σǳлʱǰʷ̹ϣѲҪͶɣ
˵棬ЩڽԶ׼ĺ⡣
δֻЦص˼Ȼ֪γйصĽף²ʱ˼⣬δǵǽҷ֮ⲻ飬ǵ£ֽӦûվڴǰڵˡ
״ٴѵңӦ֪ģ⴦γ⣬֪
ͼȨɫһεؿԴĲȡĲƣȻ֪ôһϢԶʲôνľҪΪҪ
ȻҲ
Ҷı㣬һֱǸλã˽飬Ҫķѵ֪ԼΪպⲻöԼ֡
̽ؿǰˣ˼µαƬԺüëЦЦſڵĺ˭˵лӲ˵˵ƾʲô㣿
˼ȻǴˣе̴ε£Ӧ֪ΪʲôϴˡǮĵ˶֪ӵ㹻ĳ룬Ŵ˲ܾׯףҲ˷Ѵʷ˵ʱ䡣
óһ鷽εֽСǱơ
𿪣ָֽϹ˹ɫ΢䡣
һոտɵĴΡ
һСֽһԣٴ̧۵ʱƺԥƬ̡
ֻܿתΪ׵Цлģ
ϾһĲγ˵ʵ㲻ʲô
ǮȻȲϵģӸλվ̫ߣȻǱȲǮ·
˼ȥŻʹ׮ס

һֱǸ뿪ܾãֽãüͷ˼¡
һ򶼽Ȼ¿Ųʲô쳣Ǿ˵թǷԸǰز̽ʵȻݼλл۵ƽϣܲ򵽴Ρ
һԵĹµæȥȻѾҹУΪδޣʷ¶ǵƻͨ
ȻûǸץϼӿģ³Ҳ³µʲ˴£±Ͼ¹ش󣬻סǸлΪá
ˣһ뵽ǧ̨ƫƫų룬ԼöֺЩ
ҷǸлۣһӣǻﻰȴʲôǫѷװڣԴִʲôʱ˸ô˵
ˣȻҪúĥһ˽֮У˰ģȴ˸˵Ϣϵպ;˵ܴӴƽˣҶϺӶԼҲܸΪء
»ȷαֻҪܣлۣͶá
ݣûԼ붯Ƕ˵
Ŀ𺣬תԼָϵİָ˲ŷԸվһԵĹܼңԸȥ֮ǰǸٴ
ܼһʱЩû˸˼սˣСʵ֪˵ǡ
ԭģʱܼôһѣһ˻ȺﵽʲôãȻǰЩʱǸӲͷձԵ-̵-̣
ܼѶ棬ӦС֪С֪ˣСھͽ˴
ʷ·ণź۶֪˽һͨƫƫȴûзֻǱţ˭˴˲죬ҪЩͷġ
ʷ˲֪ƢԣԴʱǴβ˴ʷ˲졣
ʻʷ֮УڲŪСϵơ
Щָµ̨ԿĶֱۻǰ˲ʣ÷Ų˵ۣ
ֳСϣţҲ̸Ǻۡ
麵ջȥΪ뵽ŵ飬ȻƹްǶϻ̲סһ⡣
⣬麻֣ôô֣
ͼͺۣôöûãҰ˵һۣ㻹ô۷
ųڣ˫ֻأеɢؿţò֪ô۷
ԴսЩ麴ʱĶָȥĦ¡
̸Ǻ˳´ŵİ
ΪĴں΢ĲõˮɫڵԳ뵵ɫ
֮ϣܿǴʱӰӡ
ô찡á麣֮дһϷʣڶûʲôأͺ
Ժô죿
յе̫ˣϵζǵض̲ס뵽֮ǰ飬оʱԼָһ¡
̧ɫ֣㲻Щ¡Ӵ˲糯ǻΪ
СŬװһӣƵȰ;˻ͷǰ
麵ֵļ̧࣬һ´ϣ˳ԼʹһٿȻĻС
Ӵ˲糯ظһŵĻ֪֪һʲô
ո𣬴Ӵ˾糯
Ȼ֪
ָһ£оԼĺҲһ£ûӦȻʱЦſڡ
ûʵ¿ɲϡ
л˵
ո𣬴Ӵ˾糯׾
ڵϢڣĺܱǸǣԭСɡv
º~


77 
ʱ֮, ž
ڸ⻳УͷţȻС֡

, ̧ۿ, ʱڶӨͫʿ, ˱ܶûУô
۾üΪѰʱҲһ㵭ˮ, źƳūӨʯ
ֳڸ, 첻С
⻹Ϊʱ֣µΪʲôĻԺҲս, ţ, ôżô
Ƶĳ֮, ⸩, ӰҲ֮
麶֪ôʳֻģ˶û˵, ȻŹһСָܶ첻С
ڵӣ̲סһ, ʵΪʲô
̧ǰصѾˡ
̧ۿʱˬӣ̲סۡ, Ǹ˵
ôָ̧ۣ, , λֲۡ
ָ˳麵ֱָȥ뵽նľ˵ǲۣʱȻܵһ㶼ۡ
ԥһ£ʣŸա־ͲҪһ𣿡
⻰ʵе̲סЦãŷŴǵˣǺػأȷǲҪöôˣΪ¿ǣȻǱհɡ
С£ȻգַŻңǲżӡ
˵ͷȻۿ麣ʵģõˣ
⻰˵ȻƸ֪߳ôд
ָ˳ſס麵򥣬£Ȼ󿿽Ķߡ
ôЩʱչôģò֪
ȵϢľࡣ
һëشļ֮ϡ
µ㲻úǿԡ
̵ãеࡣ
ΪʱĻȺ£̧ۿ򸵻⣬СصǱգ
˵⻰ʱ򣬶ٶеȻ˼ˡ
ⴽ̧£ɫƽ޲
ֻ麻ܸоʱٿûްͫʣѹžΣֺƴɽɫ
֮ǰ˺ܾá
ǡڴʱʻ֮ͣ£ǰľ֮кƴЩЩţҡǰǳһ״
ÿ븵⿿ʱ˵麶һ߳ġ
±˷ֶߣʱæӦôˣ
ѹеͣϸǰľ󣬡С˵㶯ǰڡס
е죬ʶ̧ۿ򸵻⣬һۡ
Ӹղſʼ߾һֱûд뿪
谵ĵƻ֮УŶ漰ֻü
Ͼݣǽ֮һԸΪݴʷ²ˣ϶һƬͣҲӦʲô׶顣
麺ܿʵף
˵ͷǡ￿ƽСĹţӦǧ̨ˣʵҲټϾĴ֣Ҳǳ԰׷ģʲôͽòǮģֻµģºϳѵҲǳе顣
ƺϸֱһǰС洫ų֮ʵһ²һ£λӦ˰ɣЩ˶ûʲôôģǱصֶ̼ԸʲôڣСšҪҪƵʻ
ʵҲôһʣϾǸЩģЩ±֮
˭Ҫӵǧ̨Ϲο˻ʿǼЩҵףǿѹͷߣҲ֪
Գ˵ôˣʵѾ׼תˡ
Ȼ֮дӦ޷ǰ߰ɡ
ʱԼˣеЩڵϣãʵ̲סʵǰҷС˵Ļ𣿡
¡ǰͺá
Ȱ֮еƺû׼ת˼ĥ£ҲûٳֻĬս
ʵҲǣϾǧ̨ѵҲһˣһ·ѣȺҲδҪ¶ˣ￪ʼ·ȥĻⲻҪСͷ
λӦ㣬λǳݣôҲǧ̨ǻʲôڡ
뵽Ӧһϣݳǰʻȥ
֮Уһֻᣣ̧ۿľ
ݣҲȻǸƽϾһָĸ֮أȻѾûʲôˣǲԶƽǱߵ־ԼԼ
Ŀ֮Уһ֬ζ
뵽ųĻݿһƬͣȴû뵽ڸִ֮£Ȼɹô꣬ǧ̨£ȻһûдϾȥ
δûдĻ֮ǰǰȵλʱ򣬶λݴʷΪأԾǸЩ˸浽ϾԵҲֻһֻ۱ֻһۣ֪£̬ٳ֮еȺ˾ܿԼıߵ
ȻЩҲδٴϾ
ЩڽЩ˾Լ˶δ⣬˵ˣ˵˵ǲֵһᡣ
ʱ˵ȴͻȻ뵽˸ոεЩ꣬ӦǸⱻ߹صʱ
̧ۿ򸵻⣬ǻǸʱأ
麺ٻʲôôѰףеû뵽ʱͻȻ⣬ϴһζĲ졣
ܿЦЦ࣬ں壺û취áǸʱ΢ᡣ
˵ú赭д
Ը˵ʲôӡ
麿뵽껹ڣԭӦ˳ǵ̫ӵ£ȴ֮ʱԵ߹ء
ʱ߹սƵ߲Եۿ²ûдŻġ
ǸʱʲôľأҲ赭дؾԼ΢
һֱã˿ʵǵĮʲô鶼ϲԼĹ֮Уѷֺ
ǵ飬Ӧ֪³ģǻԸǰ߹ء
֮ǰ˵Щ֪ΪΪ֮飬ȷֻ
麺Ѹʱ˵ЩľǱʪ߬һѣ¶ʪ͸ģǣЩġı߹أɳ죬ǰҲֻһǸʱ͵ػΪ˾
̧ۣǸʱǲǻڱ߹أ
΢˶٣̫ӵΪ˾߹սƵԭôӦǻȥԻֵݣΪʲôֻǰ߹ꣿ
ʵ֪˲Ǻܶ࣬ǰҹΪ֪ģҲֻ̫ӵڱ߹йҲ֪֮١
Ͼʵ˵ǺܹʣԵԼҲ֪Զֻȥ£ֻ˵̫Ҫ
麴ʱôڵʱ򣬸ܿ˼Դ˵ģ
麲˲ܣô֪ĲҪֻЩ飬ȻйأҲ뱻ȫȻ⡣
۾Ѱټִ֣ǰ߹أΪĸ𣿡
л˵
Ҷ˵лл֧֮ᾡǰһ㣬ôҾõȣһ=v=
~
ƻ֦ġܽޡӴÿ
Сʱܽޡˡ
ǽӵܣΪѧ÷ӣϲ˷۸
ֺޣֱ˸⡣
ĸˣȥ㣬Ȼݺ
ܽޡˡ
ǸͷʱͻȻתͷ۾һڡ
۾ֻֽӲסΣȻתͷȥ
Σ˾໰
-
Ԫѽڣĵظյơ
׼ҺԺͼСһյŻƣ
ɽ㣬˵Ҫʲôʱ˦
ֱӰѲİ顣
ԼһںԺ棬ûиԼƥܳǣ˲Ż
˭֪һسǣϱҵجġ
ϼҾϤű߹ء
ŻŵѪĽ£Ӱɵϡ
ٺ߹س˸սС
ᣬսۣݣһɷ¡
пҲ
Ҳլˣں
ֱһϣ
˱˵Цϣɫ˫¸±Ҫ̧š
£ͷڷΡ
˫΢΢ƺڷ
žƱɫ


78 
ȥЩ, Ⲣûд֪
ݼҲǰ˳죬ңɼ, ǾЩֵ, ֻǾ, ϣԼԴڸж
ӵǡ羲ˮľ֮УĶѾԼδľʱ˰ݵ, ٻԼڽѵķУֻѽ, ɱ⡣
ǰ߹ʵûйϵԼѡ
², , ֻǵʱ, ûж㶯ġ
ֻǴǰ῵ŹµĻ, νĶ飬ڹ¶, ȷʲôν֪Ҳã֪Ҳ, ¶⡣
ֻǺ¸ʱмԳκ˶Թµ, ֻΨá
ϣĸԸ
̧, ֳڳ֮, ȻͻȻһ¡
֡еƣҷֵ塣
֪㵱ǰȥ߹صʱʵҵĵһӦνĸм߾ۡڹеôЩ꣬һֱٻ˵ʲôϾѱǰ½ıҲǸʱҲףǰ֣ҲȷԻֶġ
ս϶һػ֣⡣
ζûӦ̴ָ䣬źͷ¡
֮ζһ£뵽˷ųĻ˳ᣣ⿴ȥ
ȷͬλ˵Ū֮һӵ𽥱ƽ
ЩӵԷֱ׵˻١
ָ֮ߵһغܿӦ֣¡
ȥһ¡
˼Ӧǡ
ԭЩ뿪Ƿ֮أȴû뵽ŲոտͻȻ£óӺڰ֮ŵòеòȣȴֺܿǰ֮ںڰ
һǧ̨ĴִС֮б˳
۾ɵûԲԭֻſЩ뿪ȴһóȻǰ档
Ųӣ׼λúкιɵʱȴǰӣѾˡ
ЩͷԣȻĳ֮дһš
ƿᣣƽضԳͼڴ˴ԵƬ̡
˵ŵĳλεǰĹϣͷĿ븵ǰǸڡ
Ȼڶ¡
˵ô֪ǰ׻Ҫߣԭϸš
ʱС֮һƬǽ壬￿ƽԭӦַǷ⴦Сȴһƻûֻܿģģӡ
ز֪ҵһյƣԼ
һ˵ʯϣϵѾѾԭɫ涼մѪΪʹΪĹ⣬ָ̧ԼǰһֱӦһ£̧ͷվԼǰ˭
ȻѾüѾԭò۾϶ǴѪ裬麻һӾϳ˭
֮ǰڶķ֮УȰǶǵǸˡ
ʱһƬ۾سش£Ŷ븵л
ԭλ˫ֺǰ࣬л
ҪȴΪ֪ǲȣոܿ͵ȥ
վһԵĽ״ָӡȶǶˡ
Ҳ֪ڱǲΪ֮ǰǧ̨֮Ȱ˵Ǽ䣬е̣ʵŵˡǧ̨𣿡
ԥƬ̣Ȼ˵ͷȻἰԼֻƬ̾ǵССɾǵһݰգطʲôȥǳէķǱЩڣЩ뿪Ϊá
ָָϣطҲܲ˵ģˣ˵档֮նлλ
˵ǿԼҪ뿪ֻڵľֻǱ˶ˣֻȥĶʲô³̧ۿվһԵĽ˲ᣬһֵߵľ󣬸ɾؽ˿˼ϡ
ܿںڰ֮С
*
ʷ
ɳȥûжþյϢл۴˵ƽһһˣ޾ϸȱ©ȴûʲô⡣
΢΢۾ߵ˵Ļ㱨ˣʵȷ󣿡
µæͷǵģСѾˣֻСٲصýûҵʲôߣĶˣ˾ǹϣǰЩʱͻȻ;׵ģֻǶʱͷȷʵЩΣйء
Ƭ̣ϵİָתתµģ֪ˣȥɡ
µĵͷ׼˳ȥʱȴۼƼڽһŮӣͷţӼһֹһ𣬲쳤ͷʪģǱѪʪˣźûˡ
µΪ£Ȼ֪Ů˭
ƽ֮ж³¥ݵĸʶƽƼϺõĻɫ͵ʷ֮иĿǽøۣŻᱻͻصƽ֮С
ŮӾͻ֥ĸոʱ򣬾˵ŮӼΪңǸӲͷ
ô仰Щ£̧֥òˡ
ʹˣЩЩΪϲĥΪȤȴû뵽վȻ˻ĥ
ȻǹµľΪ飬ʱҲΪмִĿģֻҴһ۾Ͳٿ
ȻֻôһۣµҲܿ¶ļϣӡµĺۼʪ妵ѪǻŤɵƣʵǡ
µı󶼷ëʱΪȴƼ˷ŹµĿӽһۡ
ƤЦⲻЦؿµģſˣ
µҡͷСûƼʲôûƼ
ͷؼǴûʲôķԸĻСľˡ
ס뿪Ĳٻûءôŵ۾ǰ裬ûƼ
µæУСޱҴӵ˼ȻϣСƼСľƼˣǲϣСȻǸϹġ
ЦЦ̧һԵĲյһڣ°ͳŽ̧̧ȻƼˣϽϳȥˣﰭٵô
µӦǣ۾ŽȥԽ߽ԽôĿġ
֥¼ûһõƤȫǱ̳ݣҲ⣬ȫ¶˿ڣΪµǣͷһһ縵ضǱѪһġ
µ۾󶼱亹ʪٿҴȥ
Ѫʪ妵ķڵذ֮ϳ˳һۼ
Ӷؿ˿ʱϵĺۼ̧֮ǰȥ鷿֮Удһš
ֽƵģˮʪղ͸ѰϾż㡣
γһ¹شǿԣҲ뽫Ǹץֻ̿ǱϾǣĶ࣬µ۵ǻҶϱӶ꣬ȻҲҪЩͶϡ
γ飬ǡ˯ͷһݲͶ
ӣֻҶǰԼȻҪྡ֮꣬úÿʱ˵ûһ
ôģ±ߣܿдôһţ̧߳ȥԼš
һһأҲҪд£ԼڵҪģסǸӡ
һʲô©ֻʱĵǰطɾͲʲôСˡ
һ˼ƽϣһ߷ԸȥȲҪסݡ
ŵȥüͷдʱѪζȴ֪ΪʲôʱͻȻ¶һõЦ

⼸ȷʵˣԺеʱ򣬸ֻ͵޼䣬̧һ࣬ЩЪϢˡ
֦ʱ޼Ϊ̺ñ죬麴ʱȻǻصס֮ʣܿԷ϶һ졣
תͷ麣ֱڿʵ½աûڸ𣿡
麱˵е㲻˼ֻҡҡͷ
֦֮һۣҲûж˵ʲô麵ʱˣ¾ЩЪϢ
˵žҪ˳޼䡣
ʱ뵽˷븵˵գסǵȵȵȡ
Եػͷ»ʲôԸ𣿡
ԥһȥһһȥУһЩӾ
ƣȻû뵽Ҫʲô
ԽʾԽ˼ûٶ˵ʲô
֦Ƴߣֻ̧Ӧǣת뿪
ʱžУ߬һԼڣ뵽˸֮ǰΪԼûף֮ǰԼ˵ģǿűܻͼʲôʵɬͿԺЩӾ׳
֪ǲ縵ԣ׳ӦҲʤޡ
л˵
Ҽǵ=v=
~


79 
, ݵоѾϴĻԭǴӹǱ߿ʼ, ݿĽ, ȻҲӵ
һǳ, öû˯ţҲһЩ
ϴ߳޼䣬ÿ, һֳ򥣬һַһż
, ƺе죬һü»ΪýҪ¡
߽, ַڿĹż, ǻ, ɫڲŰաǻΪ
миʵ, ټӹϵһ
ֽ̧鷴, ϵдʲôء
ƺ˼һ˼ʵŻû˼, ǣǰձԣ
ôô˵˼
̧ۣ˺ܾ, ̲ס⣡
, ϵЦٿ, ԼսʵӦûܸϵУҪҪǰȥй䣿
жƬ̣Ȼ˵ͷ
һ󣬿ڵ̫Щ»Ҫٶ
麲֪ΪʲôĿһЩ˼ʲô
Ц£԰
˵仰СԺȥ
ݵвԫСطĶ࣬Ͼʱ磬ҲûʲôθڣֻѰ˼¡
εǲδСУֻΪĽͷƫģеԲ̫ϰߣһͣûˡ
ˣָߵһ£Ӧ֣Ը˼䣬غܿ͵ͷӦ£ת˲뿪ˡ
뵽յ飬еĲɣ̧ۿ⵹Ƿδӣ֪ΪʲôΪһЩ
һֱصСԺʱ֦ȥĹӾƣȵʱ򣬿⸩ǰۿ
á˶٣£
麺ܿҡҡͷƬ̣չˣЩˣ֣Ȼ޼ЪϢˡ
̽ؿ˼Ŀ֮Σܾñ˶ߣ׼ڵʱ򣬸ȴÿɷЦЦ̧һ࣬
麻ص޼ʱӾѾ˴ǰɵľƿȥרΪ׼ľơ
һһСڣȷʵѰһôǺˣһζ
һֱûôЪϢãʱյźãصЪϢһٴʱѾɫʱ
޼Ĵ⿿ԺеһʱʢģССĹӡ
ڽ̸̧ۿȥֻһϮɫۣɫ룬봨˵Щʲô
ɫ棬ĬĬ·Ը
ڴеԸϲδϤЦüǵĮģǡ֮ǰμĸ߸ϵ̫ӵһ㡣
麺ټʱģ
ȷ˿ǰɱ
س߿еԶʱվ᣺󣬲δӡ
̧Լļ䣬оԼʱ輱Ȼ̧ùһԵľƿ
ʵľյ֮ļȴ⡣
ôѾ˺üˣǺܽš
ŻԼȵе̫ˣֺ˺üڣ¶һ㣬ִ̧޼š
ص޼ʱ򣬾ŵһζľ
紦һЩеһֱδص޼䣬ɫˣҲûƵƣлް塣
ֻ˴϶֮Ĺ⣬Լ岼衣
ɫܿ⸡Ӱ
ֽ̧޼ſ۽һ˲͸о˷ŵľڱƽ
˳ķ˿Уطڸļ࣬Ȼ麻֡
̧ȥƣ󿴵麴ʱͷδ죬ɵؿӣȻһֻǺ䲻ɫع˹
Լϵķ飬ˣ
ʵеӣΪ˾ƣԷӦҲ΢ƽʱٻһЩ
Ϥ̴ζƬ̣һŵ˵ͷš
̧ȥսΪʲôƣ
麴ʱʱشСصΪ׳
׳ʲô
Ϊ˾ƣԵɵģմʪˮ
̧ۣȫȻ֪Լ׶ڸôĥе˼һ¸Сָ
Ҳ˵á
̧̧ۣǽ𣿡
⿴ʱʱشģЦǺհʵţʲô
麴ʱлٶе
ȴû뵽⣬ûٴˣֻ̧۾Ÿ⡣
ʱֻһյССƣͫʱյӳŻζĵƻ
ⷽŷˣʱȴֲãʳˣԼ
麿ŸܾãȻ̧֣˫ֽľȥ
Ϣһ˲佻һ˲佫
ȷ˵麣ȴƬ̵Ժ󣬵סľ󣬸ȥǡ
麱˾ƣʶеɢʱ΢΢˺ܶࡣ
ȻӦܳٻ麵ʶʵһֱ֪Լʲô
Լǰˣ֣⡣
ʱ䣬˼ȴֲƮ˴ǰڹǵʱ
ʵڶ麼ǵҲǺֻǵմʪ»Ǹʱػá
Ȼ˵
ʵλ㲻ǺãϾǸʱı⣬ֻȥ
Ҳǰˣʲôǣ
ٺʶͻɢˣֻǵʱ紺֦ͷѾһЩϸСĻѩҶ䡣
麲֪ŸûƬ֮󣬲һ
Ȼ
ˣá
ѹźص㻹зڵأټĻûˡ
룬ûӦֻĺ䡣
Ĭ
ۿ˿ܺؿʱѹŵ
Ѱ뼸ˣʱֻʣ˷ζ
̴ֶסֱ̧֮ϣ
Щ㶣Ϊ˺ܶƣܸоӿľ
ʱԼǰڿеֽ𰣬ЮڷУֻһϸϸǣš
ַľΪŵĶϵеɢҡ
ָļ֮ϣ˳£һһشȻĽס
̧ۿֻɾߣʱЩûڰ֮¡
ָ֮ܿǰ˽ӡĵطδͣǰȥҹĻ䣬ڴ˿֡
麼ʶһ£˲佩Ų֡
һֱֻӵֽʱŵ֣ʮָۡ
麲ҶԭЩɢ˼ʱޱܸоʱްɫ
ʪģôŸ⡣
΢̧Ц£һҧһľ࣬Ȼ̧߬ס麵ǣָ⡣
ʱоԼһƬ
Ÿдһ˲̲סСһ£̧ۿ⡣
ܹ֡
ţôˣۿˣ
ֽõӷһԣһֱŵ̴ҲС֮ϡ
⴮̴ʵҲֻ˴˿̡
QҲһԣʯһ졣
֧ڴԣ麵֣
⻰˵ˡ
ɤӴƣ˵ûиֵġ
麺֪زһΣգȻдЩ΢졣
ù£ָ˳ļ
ʱϤ̴ζȴִľһ
Ϊƣ麴ʱҲһЩŸ֣Ҳҧľһ¡
ҧñȷŵĸأܿسһۼ
ָС˽ӡ
Ȼֿ϶һ£ҵġ
Ӧ̧򥣺õġ
̵ȼû麴ʱݽУѷֺ
֦ȹѾ齱ߣ֯𱻵ƻţƳ⡣
Ĺǡөɢڱϡ
۽޺زһ£⸩ָļࡣ
أ£һɢķΪŵ飬ʱҲմһ
ȴֳٳٶûм
ͺԭֱеֽ𰣬ֽεˣǣһߣȴĿģǷҲٳٶߡ
ֽ𰱻մʪеɿ塣
麻֣⡣
Ҳֻ˹в£Ȼ̧ۿô
ǵҪ˵
麴ܲµӦҲܡ
¹ĺ䣬ƶ̵ɫڵĮͫѹͣƬ롣
ȴ͡
麶ûô۸˵ģ룬СͲܡ𣿡
ֳߣڵôһ仰ü˵˵ˣ
ˣ¶һһʵؼţڣҲǻһʵʱˡ
лӦѰٻ˳Ļʵô
սĶʣ麵ļࡣ
ǲǺܣ
ôһֱ޵ĴʵǶӵúܡ
ˮӿʱָ߬
Ȼһ
򵥡仺ع˹ϵڴʱһһ֣¡

ô
Ѱʱ򲻻ôգǽջǾͷԶѰʱ˳
žʱش𣬴ʱҲȫѭԱܡ
ֻ˵ĻҲȫȻ·
֡

ǰֻ̧һ򥣬ǲΪģ
գһ۽ޣ룬Ƶβմʪͫʿֻϸ磿
βδ£ٿһ£ʣµĻ̴ٵʻ˺УŵؿԼǰˡ
iü۴ʱô
µǡ
Ļֹûٿڡ
ֻۿ
ɫӰ΢εǰܸоЩĹΣǰɢ
ٿȻԶȥֻϸ졣
л˵
޸˺ܶΣ˷ŹTvT
~Ԫ֣


80 
еıɢź, Ʈȥİ˿˿⣬մ˼֮С
ʱͻȻ뵽֮ǰ˵, ǼĻ, ûô׷ŹԼ
ڿŵȷġ
Ʈҡ
յ, һָ̧еƣʱ۾һӨ󣬿ڻ谵ƹµĸ⡣
ֽ̧齱ߵ̴ûصԼ, ָⲦŪһ¡
ٶմŵĹ˼
µŵıٸˣ麱ű, Сؿڣʱֳ֡
Ѳǵõ˾ˣ
еֳֶסƻصԼ֮, ţ¿ȥôĹ
, ѹ, ˵, òˣ
麴ʱѾû֮ǰĳٻƾҲѾȥ, ˺ܾãҲаɡ
ⴹϱԴһЦ, ȻҪϵֳ·ŻصСϣֺֹܿסĶһֳֻϥ, һֵֻϡ
üȻ, ⿿, ǹ²úúüּһΡ
⡣
֣һ㲻ô
ⲻÿɷҲûٶֻʵȥϴ
ֻ֮ǰȹûа취ٴˣеΪѣȴǿ˼ֱӽűһ̧ȥ
⴦ԺľȻȲöĲҲһӦȫ
麿ʱˬӣ뵽ûлش⣬֣ԻֵΪʲôҪǸʱ÷飿
֪
⽫ŵԡԣһ£Ȼ̧۵ʱ򣬾Ϳ麴ʱ۾ܺڣӣںؿԼŵĻԺ󣬵˵ͷ
һʱСɳжľ䣬̴֣һЩ
ԡصˮȣ˳ĻʵΪʲô
ô뾲
ŷҲûС
÷ŲѾˣͣ±ȷûô׵طŹ㣬ֻ۵ʱҲֻܣġ
ֵһЩ
˫ֽԡصıԵˮУһʱ֪˵ʲô˲Сô޵ġ
ţƺе벻üʱò֪
˶á
⾭һʾһʾġ
麲֪ôأ˲ŻһŶ
Ǻܷܡ
ΪãͻȻ뵽֮ǰ飬ǸݴʷûϹ
Ѿ鵽ϾϢˣΪ£һͷҶǱ߽βˣ֪ǰЩʱϵ³ҪʱһѣϾֲɵӣֻǸ֪Ϣܾôưոݡ
Ե壬λɼĻʵܣҪǰһݡԳһӣôǰֻҲסջ󡣡
һʤȯգ麲ʲô졣
ϾݲҲҪһʱ䣬ǰݵʱǲѾ쵽ˣ
ԥһ£ԺǲǾҪصϾˣ
ȻؽΪǡ⿴ҪһЩʱյĻҲԡ
ԥһ£Ȼָס´Ĵӣһ£֮ǰ鿴ͼʱݻصϾʱ򣬻·򣴨ֵʱܲ򣴨ͣһգǰ׻ЩﱻҲһϾ
вǸ״ǰأ壬Ҳ뽫Щϡ
ῲŵʱΪǴ壬вٶߣһЩԼĲԱѹһա
麵游ĸţеҵףʵҲûʲô棬ǿڳٵϣ΢Щ档
Ȼֻʲô¡
Ͼ˰£е㲻˼ؿڻ硣
βеƣž𣬺ʱʧصβ
һʱûзӦȻڣԡ
ü˵ĕiսó
麻Щ˼ɣֻǣĻպ˻᲻˵ѳ
麴ǰݹʷ鲻٣պ󹦹˵֮Уⲻûôһ䡣
ңԼҲеôá
˭ô˵¾ͽ͵˾淴ʡʡ£ңѳ°Ͳá
麱ڻڰ֮Уβʪš
˵ͻȻ麵֮ǰǲǻûҩ
麲֪ʱΪʲô˵ȷǻûУʵûС
á˻ǻӦ⡪
յϢ

ϾǽԶǰ⡣
µŶնδϳڳΣµʱͻȻǰȥռ֤ݣΪ⵹һҵ
ϾϾټŵʱ򣬵ʱ̫ӵµµ۾źܾöھУȵٴλصеʱ򣬾ʹϻ˽̰īڶ֤ݻ
̫ĸ壬˿ûӰ쵽µ۶ϵնݳ
ʵв˶ڰ²ΪʲôϾ˵ǲЩҲûеµ۵·ٲʲôҶ֮
ĦĦȥҲֻһɱӺĽۡ
ʱڶ嶼Сˣ·ֵѰʱǰŰ裬ٰϯʱȸңЩʱͣ
ϾĴһ򶼺̣ܶպֻܳٳգҲ쵽β
˻ʲôϯϾµĵһ꣬ͷиԵ۱ͷǲǰ֡
ӵݴŵʱѾϾǵĩ
ԭӦͷˣƫƫԵʱûиţµ۵ǻҲû˵ϾЩ΢ҲȥƫԶ֮ء
ϾôõĵطԶԶȲϾ
֪ԼӵԸֻϸһҪ֮УȥǷǣЩʱǶ֮Ҷ½µץҶϵİѱҲͶǼҶֵġ
Ȼ֪ģʲ
һôһ壬ټȵۣ̫ӶⲻһճЩŸˣһضͶ˶ܿȵۡ
Ȼȵ۶Ը¾λã˵Լϡ
ֺֻζʵøձ
һֱһݵţС
һĿʮеϸдһԵŵдǵ棿
ǧȷСĿ͵͵ŷŵϻƾ¸֪ءЦеػأ¶ףȻ֪Ǹ󸻹ӣ¾ŽŲ
ûвδǸϢⱻ鷿֮У¹ؽҪһʱò⣬ֻȸá
ĸ̫󣬸ˣǱʲôҲܽ˾УǸġ
ϸؿ˿дԹһ˿Ц
ҶݴʷǱߵȻҲ֪ҶôвٶҪ⴦γ
ıЩҲԴڴˡ
¹ش˵þת
⿴վһԵţھͱ
ϺЩ֣̿ʵǣ
Ҫȥݡ
л˵
=v=


81 
ʱ, 麺ٻصԼ޼˯ǻȥҲΪڵʵǲ˯, ŻᱻⱧǰȥԼ޼䡣
ʰӵ˲Ǻ֦, Ȼʵǲ֪ôǡ
ôһʱ, Ҳǵ治ףΪʲôܺõֵز
Ҹоʵ˵ǹʳܡ
䣬ѵ΢Щ, ׼ȥϵЩˮո̲סһ, صߡ
ֳ齱ߣһ˲ͱ˿סصĻС
˿۽ԼĻ, ۲麵ľ, ȥ, ЪϢᡣ
ʱľ⡣
˼ʡ
ڵʲôʱû˱, 麴ʱܽʱԭҲЩ, ܵĴУ̲סô֡
˼˵ȥֲҶ, ֻͷ
ʱۣ˼̧ۡ
Ҳǹġ
麳, , ҲŲš
, ɽݣҪ֪ơ
϶ػ֪ơ
ۿȻûôѣ
տĽ׽˻֪ơ
麶ûô˵ϹˣֻʱˣҲٶˣͺشһ
硣֣ʡ
ۣʹɵҲȻ
ʱ˰ڻУ⻰ü
̧ۿʱĴɫ֪Ϊʲô们¡
Ŀ֮û˷ŵľɫͫڣʲôֻĬ齣̧ߵСԱΪ衣
յ֮Ϻõѩǰɣ֮
ϵɫڴʱԳɫ󣬸̬һ򼫺ãô򵥵ĶҲʵĿ
ֽ̧յݵ麵ĴߣԺָزùĴߡ
Դǰ͵ϾѾȥ˿࣬ϵճʱȥҲǰǰȣֻϾǴʱѾա
ϾĴﶼ̣ܶǻȥʱ򣬻Ҫپһ򣴨ĻǿµǵϾʱѾ˶ա
麴ǰϾĶնûʲôӡֻú䣬Ȼлиķ̿𣬵뿪˵Уǻ䣬лɫ߻ᱻѩǣȻӳźɫĹǽ
뵽صϾԺ󣬱ȻҪʺ뵽£´ʱеĲյ֡¡ʺ֪𣿡
ȻǲãǱϾĻ֮ϣҲ˳ùϵδ˸ҵµ۵˽£׵ĹϵʺΪĸôϣǣ
Ĺ֮У˶麲ʲôϵϸϸ˵Ҳֻлʺ븵
ڹеʱһ򴦴СģǷǶ࣬ǰ̣Ϊ˱ЩѰҲô
ʺΪҴ˼ǣΪˣҺܸмڡ
ǻʺĸ󡣡
еĲյŻصСϣصġĸϲá
ݼڣ¶˳ˡ
ָ麵Ĵû˵⣬ֻͻȻ𣿡
ʵҲֻһСˮΪգеƣյ˵ͷȴٿü
麵֣ؾĽʵغܺãʱ볨½ӳ׵ļ
еʱľٶ̧ۿȻСʵֽղҲҪҰɣ
ͷֽӵʽ
еںˣչôõģ
Ժ֮лһ£Ѹٵӣϵɿ壬ΪǸ£Ժܴڴڱ֮ϣ̧ۿ򸵻⣬˲ŵҡᡣ
ָ˳Ĵ£ס򥣬½㡣
ʵóʦͨ麵ָ߬ű̲סǺһ£һӾ
ۿָľ
ʵҲ̸Ǻܡ
ʢıڣη˵죬޼䴰ĹѾ֮ǰǰСС˺ܶ࣬ӳڴ̵Ҷ֮£һƬĹζ
̴ζ麵Ĵϡ
̧ù麿ҲһдŷӿˮǴ
ִһԱһߡ
ʵۼϥһŵȥҪЪϢһ
ԼԴϣƵֵĺۡ
ҲЪϢ
֮ǰҲô˵ϥţҲŲš
ǰ̸̫ӵνĲŮɫĹ治ֻڲ˵ġ
˵ʱԽԽСǵˡ
ʱѵ÷ʡһԼۿ˿ʱ麣ȥ۽ޣҴһ±
̧߳ȥԸȥЩ
*
֮ǰϾţǴ֮дţ֪ӵҪǰݣôգҲࡣ
²֮ǰǰսţڻ
ֻǹµĻǶԸϼӿܣϾٹãǻӵҪݣҪ齴ʷвӵ¾дܡ
λлۣͷԸȥǴСԺϼӿܣлȻǲ뿪ݵġ
ȻҪסлۣȻЩʲô飬Ѱʲô״Ҳž͹ȥˣֻҪݣл۵١
ֻлߵǸˣȷʵЩȤ
ǰڻлã֮ǰˣžûҲδһϡ
ԭ뽫ҲдǵУֻתһ룬ԶԶȲγҪ»ӵ¾ԼЩҲûἰ
ֽΪҪģסǸлۣγȶȥЩľǡ
ǰǧ̨ôرҹȥ˭Ҳ֪ǧ̨»ȫ˵˭ֻǿݴʷ²ŲʵӣҲЩס
ӦҲЩ·
Ҫ˵ʲô˲õĴɣҲûϱ֮ʵ׽͸̬ȡ
ݳƽ˾ת˲͵յβ
ԭڴʷĿ֮ⷿͻȻµ洫Ÿˣӵ½Ѿ˽꣬ŲŴŹ˵Ҫվ齴ʷ
һʱеĲﶼ˲ϣŹµĵĻ棿
µӦǣǵġСĿģӵߵţŲŴϢӵݡ¶ڻӵ¼ΪҪȻҲôǧҲҪݡ
µĹάСĥţ³ˣպǻӵµţ͹λʷôҲѹͷϡ
Ȼ֪ҲǹάǴʱ̲סж˼˿Զ׼ϲɫ
µۼλԭΪԼδݼȥƫƫ˯ʱͷԼô¡
ϾΪٶ꣬ܿʹµĵлۣڶƤӵ£
µϴϲɫǵĴˣڴ˵Ƥӵ£ߡ
ϴһ˿𺣬ȥ֪Ǹлһ˵ҪʷһλʶһЩ⽻ףҲҪҲø
ôãȵ³ûôҲҪú˵ʱˡ
л˵
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82 
Խ, ɫԽѿЩ
׾ڽʳгģȨԺգԺٻЩʲôͷ
˷ǧ, һ·ϼΧôϸ, Ҳ۳Ͷ, ֻΪֿɵõƸ
վΧŵжܵݴʷϣ
ЦŻصǰѾǰȥΪ̽·ˣûжþ͵ˣǴʷѾΪ׼, Ҳڰͽأͳﱸ, Ȼǰ֪һ´˷ݣݶԡ
ô궼ݴʷ, ȻҲǺܻ, ŵԼ̬
µ, ôЩʱϾ㲻Ǻù, ˶ڰҶҵЦϾ֮ǰ̫ӵ, ҶҴƲΪľѸϻλֻϧԵȻ̫, ǵʱѳ֣¾ô֮ˡ
ǰҹ嶼ɵҶϵȨƣȻҲλӵЦӭ, Ҷ϶Դ, ϰ߲ȵ, ȻҲԸ˴ǰǰ硣
ֲһֱ֮гĸ⼸ҧгݣȴֵüĹգǣֻܰ
֪ݴʷʶȤȻмãɫ΢ͻһЩ
ŵǸγˣɲϸˣ
ص£Ѿˣǹյһûҳģûʲộȵ¼ǣع˼ɡ
ôգѵôϲ£ɫһЩһӵܣӻΪʲô֪һγҲϻ˸֣ܳΪӵĵʯӦǡ
ȻԽ֪Խãȵ³֮ٴ˲֪źá
ŹصӵıԶǣ
ݽʱѾӽ˳ֻ֮лǴ⣬ƽǱ˵ƣºͱ֪ˣϾһλＴҪţ̻í˾ֻܵõλʶ
ڴʷЪϢһΪǰţϴŹάЦ
һΪ裬һ뵽˽յ飬СĽԸͷڴЪϢһ¹Ѿȥ˴ˣֻǡ
Ƭ̣Ǹл߻һӣҲݳ¹ţȴǰ͵ϾǵĻɫ¹ţҪҪҲһ˴ĿĿ
ЩСϵǲ⣬ط˷ԼӣŸȻߴ˶ô˵ˣǱһͬưɡ
˷ԸϸΪⲦȥյڵĸĭΪ½չʵ˳̲סάл֪յüǻӵ£ָõӶûˣˣΪôСආݣֻ˱Ӷ޲ĸ֡
һڲ裬һû磬ֻʵ˻жõ
ɫص£Ҳһӵʱ򣬷ԵƬ̡
£̬ʮʮĸ߰

麿⣬ڴʷУСǰˣǸ𣿡
ָ˳ȥ󣬡Ҷ¸ʶȤģҲֻܴϹˡ
ЦЦ˾࣬λʵܣͷûгԹ
뵽˸⵽Ϊʲô˾֮࣬ǰڹУ·żС˵뿪ʵδ뿪𣿡
ǰеɢ¾һֱŻʱ̸Сһ·ͣϧΪ˺пڿഫļѻ
麴Ļ˵˼
˵Ǻܻǳϱȥϴʱԭ˵ҪЩЪϢȴû뵽һãһͻȻ֮ǰǲǻǷһΡ
ɼ˵ԡԱߣ̴ζסɵ档
麴ֵٰ֧طԶѰʱҪţȻ⿿ľ󣬻һ㡣
ǰ֮룬С͵ʱǰȥһңǸʱҲûпաʵҲûС϶ãֻغ˼䡣
šۿûͦź
ܾԼֳȥմǲݵĹˣȻҪԴ׵ķˣԷ˵ʵʱԽԽڣٿĪĸо
ֻܹסСָ£Цһ¡
̧ۿ۾֡
һ˼βᣬ֦ͷΡΡҪβε¶ˮ
ϵСӨ󣬳Űļ
⿴һӲתߣִһ
֮ʲô²Ϊ
Сֽת˵ˡ
ʷСǽյҪ˶Ŀû֮ǰǸǰ֮С
һ·߹ֻȣǰ·ĹµϵЦеģߵһƫƧȴִûʵԺ䣬ͣ£ת븵λڴͣɣѾˡ
СھͲȥˣµһĶλ
һ·˳ͨ裬ϸֽϸ̲һȷʲôȱ©Ժ󣬲Ű˯ȥ
ʱվԺУǸлš
ԺⲽԶ˽Ų֮ǰǸлۣѹлˡ
ϴһЦ⣬ߴˡ
ʱҲûλлۺѵ˼Ŀʾһ²ԶУԸ֮ǰĽףǱٸȤϾеĴҲǸȤġ
˫ֹ𣬡λѰһӶܼĹˣлʵǲλϽףܵõĺֹ
⺬ЦصŶôǻҪлߴ˵ˡ
ܾл̬еģȻϴЦ⣬˵ǫѷЩ͸
ûĥ¸еȵʱˣлһѣȴû뵽ٿ˸ա
뷢ȴֶл۴ʱº͵Ц
ߴżĻھͿԽȥˡ
˵Щ˹ģɣҲſߴλȨصĸ߹٣Ҫ˵ĴôһĽ󡣡
ƴʱվڸߵ麣¿˿ȷϲδʲôԺ󣬲ųվԺĹµһʾ⡣
µ˲ᣬСԺ˩ˡ
֪ΪʲôЩģŸλͬһ㣬⽻ҲѰ˿лӽ֮УмҪСȻ³ô
ζͣ£תվһԵ麣Ҳһ㣬ϾϸƤ⣬Ӧǡ
ϵķ黬ָ䣬ϴº͵Ц⣬ȴزŪһ̴顣
ǽȥ
¹ش󣬲עĿȻڴʷҲδƻͨϹĺö
ȻֻǵһյҲ㹻ǰ
һ򶼲ǺܺãʱôãЩͷˣüͷ𣬸ո׼Ǹʱ
Ų׼վ̧۾ʱ߽˵ʱȴ̲סȥ
ɫ֮ȫǲţһ˲䣬ɫͱòҰޱȣԭһЩͷʱǻΪǰδеľ֡
ʱ߽ˣϤ
ΪϤŻȻоԼһ㡣
ʱ̴飬ȴɢЦ⣬֮һޡ
дʱڸߵǸˣ֮ǰеҰ
˫ֲ̱ϡ
һʱûпɫֻǹضŸ⹪ӵ¡¹Ѿ˴ˡ
һ˵ţһ߻Ը麵վǰ˿ǻӵ£Ͻ¹񣡡
һֱýˡ
ǵصĿ־Ÿ
ޱȷվԼǰ˭Ǳ˶סɤӣûеȵ£شԼɤＷ֡
֡
л˵
ҲT T
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83 
ʱԼž֮, ڻصŷǾ仰Ļ
ڴ֮ǰҲûݴʷ, ʲôν, ȻǸ⡣
ϾǰЩʱʢ, µŶδϳ˵ŶҶ֡
Ҷûжٰѱ棬ԸҲһֱû뵽, ʱȻڽϡ
˽γ£һ򶼼Ϊ, ηֵģ
ʱĿ΢ԵеɢվһԵĸЩͷԣŸǾ仰е, ¶һ
ʲô֣ǻ֣˷л
겻С, Ѱ˵, ҲЩò̫, ֻŵԴʱûӦ, Ŀڸ븵֮䴩һ¡
һתæŸʶлۣ
Ųͷãʱһͷ, ſʱ΢ȡ
ȥ
֪ΪʲôֱһΣգæ̧Ͽȥ, ֻʱɫҰ, 촽ûɫ, Ŀ죬ڿŴʱлۡ
һ·Ÿ˵ڵ
ڻģֻ̫ӵ¸һˡ
Ľǹ
ļһһؽ˫ȾǹһضãתվԭصǸлۡ
һܣǴʱȴݲĲ²⣬ڴʱ˸Ժ֮С
ţû
ɫ׽ӣܿվһԵϣҰ
Ļû˵꣬Ͳ֪ΪʲôٿȻʧ䴫һʹ
Цһ£ʵţʵ˵ʲô
⻰˵ºֻͣǿϧʱȴ˵ɴ˫ۣ˫Լɤӡ
վһԵĸʱ亹ɲؿŴʱǰˣ޴ĻҽЮ
򸵻⣬̲סʵ£
ְҲֻԶԶؼλ̫ӵ¶ѣò̫ӵԶ߹أҲδˡ
¾гһֳ֣Ӳ
Ŵʱŵɫ̴飬羪
Ҳ緽ŵĸһ㣬ͬɸٿ̱ڵأŵؿԼǰˡ
̧ǰ⣬̴飬һš
֮ǰ˾֮УʵܻδԡЦ⣬ù룬ӦôûʵܺúѺá
˽ΣγǰǾټţǻʵأĸ壿
⻰˵÷ǳģ֮䶨һֻת֮ѡ
⡣ⴭܿڣĸϾӺյҶϣǰȻڣҲҪɵ֣˵ıģδ̫ԲЩ
ɫ˿δ䣬ЦôǻʵûԵۼɵȴδؼɵ
⻰˵üǴ治ãе˼
µ֮ǰδǵɱӺֽƿصȨƣһиֲѾõĸʴǰֵһᡣ
ǰ֮һʱžá
뵽ǰ˵µۣʱԶȸҪΪ¡ϾǻӣԼֻһƾֺȨССʷ˷Ļ·
οʱµ۵˼ҶȫҲֻڵһ仰ˡ
ڸ븵ɫȻ˼֮ʣ˻صߣͻȻʵվôãûУ
΢˶٣ӦҪһ˵ĻȻȥЪϢЪϢ
˵⻰ʵƽϾڣе˼ҡҡͷ
⸩ѵڡ
ؿ˿̱һԵĸ븵⣬޷
Ϊ£һ½󣬡ӦҲ̫ˡ
ӯˣ麲ΪǶ˿֮ġ
麺ܿ£ǺۣҵȻһͬȥ
̧Ц£һ˲ɫһݣԼԲָѹһƬıС
ΪȻǾҷǴʱأҲǰδеĿ죬ϾһԵֻһڳҲֻӵ
ֻҪڹȥ˸˵ʲô
Ըⷽſ׼˻ᣬвһƬУŸĿڶȥ
ؽƬУתϥ΢һʱ죬ʱڵϡ
ǰ֮жһ£̧Ųڸؿ֮ϣа棬ЦţʵܷǾù˵е㲻ǡ֮롪
ֽڵϣûשʯ棬ڸ⾱ߣһĿӡ
¼Щھ
ھߵ˿ǰڹб˵ļһޡ
һ򶼺˽⸵ΪˣλֺٻԶ֣ʲô£̬ģֻ֣Ϊ˻ߵ麡
һҰ֣Ҳֻλֵ֣ز
ʱһƬңмѪ¸⵱ھɱԼҲ麡
ʱкѪĭԸԡִ˷ǰϣʦڣֻΪ׷˽һ£һ򾡣
ôղϳﻮģ¾Ҷϡ
ۿ⣬Ц£ʵܲᵱΪԼҶôҪɣ
е̴΢ζ˵ĻȴһЦûС
ƾҶϡ£֮дżڽҲ䣿
һԵԱߣ±ⷢԼ
˵Щ˹ӾһԼ֣бȻسڶװʱǹ
뻮һؿڵ¡
£ӸĸҶϣݴʷ˽ΣĲɣ۴
һԼȵĸϡ
ûеȸ˵عϵ亹ԭӷ׷ǳʱʱȴΪý
ڵͷ£СģСĲֻһʷ⣬ôΪŰСԼ룬ֻҶմȨϾеңСû˵Ȩֻܱ֮ͬУ
ˣʱͷҲǺΪԳֳɢңͷҲܿѪܵˡ
ü̧麵۾ϡ
վһԵĽߣлںغ
⿿ߣŵû
ôС
ҡҡͷгʱݶаŮվ˲ǻ֣ҲǶһߺǶѣҲӦðˡ
˵ţֲֽصҡ
Ƭ̣ضһԵĽݴʷѹڣ²ˣ˾Уڡ
˾֮еĲڣֻ
ȥǣ麵֣ȥ
ݵгөɫرܿĺδĺʣϼ봹ڿС
֮ǰʷϵʱʵҲûйȥܾá
û뵽ô׼ȥˣôʹ𣿡
»õȵż
Ļ麹ָҿԵȻֵġ
һЦߡ
Ҳż
л˵
ãżʲô
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84 
ӱ, 򥿿ļ࣬ôǰߡ
麲֪Ϊʲôܾں
ʱǱȹ, , еʱҲɵСľǰ, ţȻȥ׷֮ϲߡ
⣬ĺˡ麲ͷ, 
ţеƣô
麵˵ͷ, ϶񡣡
ҲСƺ˼һ£̹ȻܣȻ΢΢˫۲麵ļ, ùٱһᡣ
һ, һ, оñǼһĲ
һ, ȴǡÿԭҪ߹ڿǰ֮, 麶ߡ
麺Ѹصɫٶһ˲¶һֱӡ
ֻǴغܿػָΪޱ飬ĿбӵشԱ߹ȥˡ
ߵúܿ, ת˲֮ʾûӰû˽ĺδĺɫ֮С
麲ŲСַŲǺż𣿡
ôڶվ
, ǴЩ, ż, ôһȻҲ˶졣
ӽ⴦ʷսΪУǮԽӼݳڵƶѧ븾棬̰Ҳһһ黹ݰգӴݾڲѹڣѹ֬֡
Եʱٹ֮ƣγһӴһ£󼴽ضƣǳع֮£Ҳĵӡ
߳ʷʱ򣬴ͻȻֳǵǰǵ£֮ǰоµǸ֪˱µݣڸȱ¡
ҲǵãǸʱڶĳ֮гȰ裬ֱǧ̨ⱨ
֮ǰȥҰŵȵٽųԲֳǵǰ
֪ʲô𣿡
麵ʻҡҡͷ²֪ʹλҲֻҡҡͷڣֻ˵һ£һ¡
ʱִٵվԱߣ븵֮ϴһȻȻܿؾͻȻ˵ϡ
μ빫¡
Ѿ˲ʧ
ǵڣȻҲеţ֮ǰԼˣȻǵ¾빬еĹ
ݴʷҲת֮С
Ȼ뵽֮ǰԼſ˵ЩĻǰ˵пº
ն󵽱µǰΪһ¶
ʥ飬֪Լ˷¾ǰʵǲ׵ǴʱҲǲֻܹ֮¡
Ƿ֮أϲŪīʢУԶҲࡣ
ڵľвٶǳԽϣҲʮĶˣ츳ֻǿϧϿ֮ʱð棬ʧȥλᣬԴ֮Զܴ졣
һֱجج߻һ֥δޣһֱҡ
λ֥Ͷϣֻǿϧλ֥ȴ¥˻ѺУҸ֪ˣҪһǧ
һǧѰ˼˵ʵһʾ޿
ֻһѰĶˣõóô
ȫݵ¥ݶݴʷЩ¾ǸٶôҲûҪǰȥǸ٣ֻŸԵʶԼз֥
һ⣬һЩǮǧ̨沩Ϸ˫½
ԼãѰ˵ʱƣܻ˶ĿÿһζĵúܴӮǧ̨Ѱʱֻ̫֮࣬ҪһӮ̫࣬Ҳһ㲻ᱻϡ
еʱ򱻶ˣ֪ҲЩǮܹоա
һֱ˰£Ŵչһǧ
ǰȥ¥ǰȥĸҪ֥ʱȴ֪ڵҪǧ
¥֮УȨƣֻֻܱصǧ̨֮׼ŶģȴԽԽԾںˣ֥Ѿ¥ֽѾ͵˴ʷ֮ˡ
ǰ󵽸ǰΪ֥顣
ʷϼ檲ȫΪŰвǿŮӣίڸ
ܴһֱϿҲټ֮ӡ
麿ŴʱϴƾɵĳٵطѾƶĥ𣬴֪Լǰ˵ݣϴһţȻѾͣȴֲģŬֱͦ
صģһһ죬Ὣ޹档
仰ԭֱıԿȥضһҾл¡
ֻôһԺ󣬾͹ȥ
ߺ󣬴زֳ֣ϴһɣ·ѾŲȫʷ£δ֪һ֥ģֻǡ
ϴЩ̣ϷСԺ֮УŲŮԵĺǣ»аپߣһߣȻ沿Ѿ壬ǿŸʴĳ̶ȣӦȥá
Ļ˵λ֥Ҳ
ŮԭͲףȵʱػʹǴòˣķʢУټƶΪ˲һ·Ҫò毺õŮʱòã͵͵ؽҲǴڡ
ʱвٺųʦţΪЩԺܲóܳΪպĳ롣
ҪֻǴ۶Ʒˡ
麼󲻵Լԫ꣬Լԫݣôһ
ƽƵĳ룬ɾӵ
ʱһֱǱܳ谮ĶŮΪŹ£ڵⷬȴ¼ʶ֮µĲɹ
ȵպ飬ԽԽ١
̺壬֮е˹ͬ
վߣذһȻվһԵĴصЩһһݣЩʵҲݵģͰݳɽУȻλ֥ʵ֪Ǽл׾ĻҲһˡ
֮ǰԵľǵȷðԣԲһΡ
صͷӦǣܿ͸뿪
ʱվݴʷǰѪĸء
ӽ󣬲˱ܶԶ֮ĵط
˵ЩȻԸ麣ĬһˣӦܾˣ˻Ҫǰȥһ򣴨ûǰ˵ľ֮ҲصϾˡ
ȥʱӦԸϾ滨Ļڡ
һ麵νʯ
ʱ򣬿Ҫίһá
£ŵµĻʺ󡣡
л˵
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85 
ǳʱ, ϾǺǽУѩ
Ǹʱ麴ǰû, Լһ䰢ֵ, ׿н̫ӵ, ڻվԼǰ˵ԼĻʺ
ϣΪʱͻʣԼüĿ, ȴҲǸ֮й·ĳĳ
ʱ࣬ȴͻȻ˾
Ƭ, ̧ۣôͻȻô˵
⽫ļϣŵ, ġ
ֻáͻȻе¡
, һ˳ر㡣
ֳݡ
, һʱûзӦ, ˵ĺµʲô˼
ֻǺܿ죬ˡ
ǰǰ߹, Ȼ̫ݣĸҲֻʷ֮ң㲻ʲôպյ, ֻΪִʱԵ۵ڷ̫һ¾岻Ϊʦ
ڱ߹ؾһ, ڳɱȨ, Ϊ˸๷ֺ̫ӵ, ûǰἰҲԤ֣Ȼ׾١
˵ĺΪʱǿȨϵΪҲһ㡣
Ȩϣֻһ̫ţΨһģҲִɡͥǰ仨վǰɡݸ
˶ѡ
ǵʱΪ֮УܶʼԺ֮С
ʱڱ߹أֻߣûȨ
򥿿麵ļ࣬ûȥ
²ɣԵʻУһ򶼲࣬ν֪ΪΪ֮һֱ֪
߹ؿຮڻɳ֮УһᶼʲôֻʱżϾ֮ʣҲʹûкڹ

ֻ֮ԵСҲֻݴ̫Ҫ˵Ҳ̸֮
ǸʱŹҹ֮еĻɳӥ߷ڰ֮УϿʲôַֻºõľƣδӦ
ؼ״֪ԼԲ׵Ҳδἰ
Ϊڡ
Ȼ֪Ȩףеʱǲʱ麺Сһץڻεһ£˵
ʼʱ򣬴Ҳֻ֮
ȴԼûΪĶĸˮա
ôֻ꣬ʱļһꡣ
ΪȻ
Сָεһ¡
Ȼ˳£ָָֽ䣬ʮָۡ
ʱ˵̧ۿ⣬Ѿˡ
ĳĳϣ򣬵üֻΪ
ٻԼԵ֮˼ܶ࣬ǰҲֻҪٰüҲֹںʶѡ
ҡҡ׹̻֮Уƶľԫ֮Ҳ֮ȼ
һԭĻٿȻ֮͵ȼƬĵء
ɺԷ׵ĺ±޹գ֮
ʵٻ̰ģ鰮ԭҲȥġ
ֻʱ롣
Ҳ޹ݡ
ĺߵˣꡣ

߹ء
ÿ쵽յʱ򣬲ԭͻɿݵļڡ
߹ؿຮΪūش͸ǣؾͿʼ⣬ԭÿ궼ʱʼʱҲʱūʱ
ؾڱ߹űÿնгǰȥѲӡ
µ۵ǻΪǰ鳭ϣԽ͵߹صľøʵб˲پгﶼʵһЩ
нʿۣλǰ̫ӵ¹Ȼѵһڱ߹ȺʿһͬūܱЩ֪ĸ߹Ҫöࡣ
ó㣬¾ı߹أû˴̰īĿܡ
ϼ֪ǰ¡ؽӴ˴ܺʼֽ״ʱ˾ֽǲǲϾ
¶ûϳ£Ͼ֮Ȼ˾֪֪Ҳ֡
ֻȴû֪ʲôҪ£¾Ÿոյǻôնϳ
ȻҲû˵ģÿյȴճģҲɣ¾ȻϾϾʲôȴӲ۾
ЩԹٸտʼÿ쵯¾£Ҳû졣
ϼԭҲֻǾôһ䣬ϾΪӣҲʵ̫
Ǽ磬δţ˽Ϊӵܡ
ôһ仰ʱ򣬱еľȴֲСһЩ
˷񣬺ٻʲôʧˡ
ܺҲע⵽ߣϼ˿ЦΪ͵ĩСӰʱ;£ֽµϢһʱЩʧ̬ˣ¡
ܺȻ֮ǰһֱеףôЩʱգҲԭίֻӦδ˵ʲô
лв񣬴ܺľ֮ȻǻٶҲûڱ߹ãܿ׼صϾˡ
ڴܺǰһվԼ᷿ǰ棬ͻȻҹĻ֮дһܺ
ǰܺŸһͬڱ߹ش꣬ȻҲ˵ʶ
ҹʱǰ󵽵ΪʲôҲǲԶ
ܺԷһϲͨ¶λµ⣬ҲǺ֪˺ܾò׹
Ǹڱ¶ڴ²˵ʲôԾֻôվԭأŻڡ
֮ǰ֪ղϾǵʱʵоµˣ뿪֪²ףʱҲ֪ǰ̫ӵ¶ԣҲֻ¶ˮԵ
̫ӵ¼ҪӭȢޣȻڻʳǣܼذһѣҲֵ塣
ʱҲ֪ԼһΣǰǺ
ʱڶǰ֮ʱʵⲢδδǴξҲȥġ
еһжжȴ֪ôõġ
֪ԼݣôӦǣЩˣһ䣬أǴʱ̲ܺסǰ
ǰǣΪԼ麣˹ĻԼԸһе
٣ҲҪ
ڲھǣĬƬ̣ǰȥѰ𣿡
ûҪ֪Ǹ߻Ҳ޷
ܺʳ䣬˵ͷ
ָսͷԴ֪ܺʧ𣬴ʱǰѯʣҲʵءֻǿڵҲķϡ
£ʵеѣҵ׼ôã
Ϊݣ˽ӳ׷ãǵ׷һ̵Ĺʲô³ҲԤ
ҪôãֻڸĹ֮аˡ
Ѱ˼ҺԺ˳ӣҲٵһĽ֡
¾ݣߣֻ¸ʱ񣬶ûı档
ǰڱ߹֮ʱ֪δ˹棬±ϾǷ£˼룬Ҳǲ⡣
ֽ񣬲ǰ˴ܺ
ܺĻļ򣬡Сصġ
λ£ǱµСڡܺ ôôá
ʧƬ̣ЦԭҶˡ
ܺӦʵĹ˼ҲѰϾҸűô꣬Ҳδ¶һ̻
ִ̧ܺļ磬ûٶ£ֻ߹ʱս¶෢ս޲ʤĻСɵһҡ
ձҪˣԤףСҲܵʤ顣
ЦЦ̧Ҳļᴷһ£л
¸СԴԺҲҡ
ս֮£
ԣɳš
л˵
ŻʮҾʲô뿴ķⶼԸ~



86 
ʵѾܾöûȥ򣴨, ǰҲֻ׵ʱÿضصլ
ʱСԺ֮, һûһԴ
ϴúܸɾ, ϱһɫëС, βͻɨɨȥ麵ĻУȥġ
ûãͻȻԼĶ, ʲô
ȻٿһӾʹ麵ĻȥһֻСһڵûӰˡ
̧, Ϳʱ̧߹
һֱڴҲԱѰһ־е, ȻͳѰ, ⻹û, , һӾܵûӰ
еúЦ̧ۿôô㣿
ʯ, ̧򸵻⣬ԭԼһѣȴû뵽, ֹ̧ѹڻ΢ߵ֮ǰ, ˡ
仰ո˵, ԶͻȻȮ͵
յһδڹ, ǶԸⷽ˵ĻǷ߷ߣոտʱȴǡö˸ߣϨ˻𣬹˸ִˡ
ôôӲ
վҪ򣴨ˣ麶ϲʲôøУֻ뵽ҪǰȥһЩл
ѹŸľ󣬡ǲܵ򣴨ˡ
ȻʵȥǹֱȥҲС
æҡҡͷСҲǣֻ뵽ϵļչϵ˵ӦҲ׵ʱǺ˵ˣԸԴ󡣲Ҳǣƹϣһֱ˵һֻǰȥҪ״ǰ˳
Ц£Ϊֻ¹ô
Ҳ麵ļزһ£ǾʱĵȫȻûбҪ
֮ǰ˵õġó
һ϶ѡ۽޵ʹɢĵӣùµί
麱еһ£ѹľ£ѵˮ¡
̧ۿЩ˼ƿ⣺ַŵѾ𣿡
̧ƽʵþôôĹĹ£
ôܳζ
麹ӣε£ɫвģֻҼȻΪ̫ŮӦٻ񣬼£ܣͼΡ
ţ麣˵ôźá
ֻš
Ӵ˲糯
˵仰ͻȻڻУһʱûзӦֻĲ̧
ۣеɢ
ϾҲǣ¡
޼仹ŵơ
ԭϨˣȴֶûпڵĻᣬٿȻ
ƻ𴱴һжԿúܷ
̵ɫĺ䡣
麲֪ΪʲôʱͻȻ뵽֮ϵǸϸϸӣʶ֮ʣȴƷĲ档
ɫؿȻ࣬񡣡
麻е㶣ϥʱ顣
ǹ̷ܡ
ûϨƣеϸ֦ĩڶΡ
麸տʼʱʵеۣϥȴֱѹš
ָܻشĽף˻
麲һ£Сػ硣
ٶһ˼֧ľߣšκܿ졣
£ֿ϶شġ
еƣصÿζô˵ҲŲš
ʵҲ뵱潫ڵôãֻϾǰ̫ãǵףҲЩ
ɫе̣á
ΪԴԶ׼컡
Ǻ裬һȫƿء
Ҳ֪ôõľ֮ǰдôõ񣬶ȥһմˡ
Ȼ˲òࡣ
̴ֱֳ·һԣ麵࣬ŵϢ
ֹ̧ĲСʵǡһˣ
еƲסأȥ
һֱͷһ£븩Ϊҩ
ϵ²ûдú룬һ϶źԵ䣬Դʱ½ţҲЩ룬Σӡ
麴ʱлŵˮողԡҲŸ¡
Ÿڸҩģ⣬㵱ܻ쵰
̧ۿ˿ǻ쵰
ϥƵؿڣҲޡ
ָ˸ת΢̧ҲӦȷ
֮˵ʲôյȫգ˿֪߳Ǻ
°ڿУΪʱգԽ֮Ѿһ㡣
ݻһ֣ǰǧ̨Ѿȥ¥գû֪Ϊʲô
ׯҲѾƽһȻһ壬ʲô֮
ва⵽Ϊʲôֻ˵˵ȥҲûиʲôȷеĶֻۣ˻뵽֮ǰǧ̨֮еǶԷ򸾣óһֺܿ伣
Ҳôһ˵йء
Ѱ˼Ҳ׷ףֻġ
˵Ƕټ٣Ѿ޴ӿ֤
ֻһҹ֮ȫϴģǰһĴʷѾȻ֪ȥ򣬵Ǿ˵Ѿӡ
Щ˵ģҲѾʳ
ԫÿڳʱɫƳɤڽϽڵĴﻹǻʱڰˡ
סǰСҲ֪ΪʲôڸýĴڼͱܿ
ÿμʱ򣬿лдʣҲֹ֪ʲô
ʱĻ˵ǼҵŪ֮УסһƯģɵ梡
ߵжƯȴҲ˵ֻ֧֧쿪Լļ򣬱ȻǺƯƯȻϻûҪƯ
ߵĻЦ²ڲˣӻǺط
ɣߴ֦ḡĴС֮У̵ϰеʱҲп̸֮ǰһλΪǶԵķ򸾣ǸСɾÿ࣬ȥ֪ݲ
ô֪ԼϱСС
˵գҲһп
ϵĩ˺öյꡣ
ˮ㣬ͷҲãգһճɡ

򣴨뽭ϺܽʵֵĲ趼뽭ϵشǴྶͥ
ƽϵԼΪֺš
򣴨һֱֲľأңǰϣҶϣϲƵĺպȨ
ֻΪϱϾϾϰƫһ磬μ̫ʲԷ⣬ǰ֮ѾʣڳľҲֻһˡ
ӵܴ඼طѾʽ΢ȲϾҡ
Ȼˣ򣴨ҲȻǲɶҡĴڡ
򣴨óطƶҪϼ򣴨ĴʷҲҪϼϢ
ǰձڵ˯ţղûеЪϢһգղŴ뿪
뿪ʱһЩصزɴתǡ
ǲԸ߶ţûٳǰ
򣴨ݲǺԶ뿪ڸոյʱѾ򣴨ڡ
ǰձڵúˣոһգŽ˸á
ʱ麵󣬻ʵڻգ
ûӦֻС⣬֮ǰĺܹ֡
ѹеͣںˡ
ǹµĴ
ϴ̬ȵǺܺá
麺غһҲû¡
ûãУͿϵլۡ
Ͼլǳֲڴ˵Ӵ壬լۡΡڽ֮УȥƷǷ
̧ǰվſڵС˿˿´һ£ֿ˿ʱվߵĸ⡣
ƺ˼Ƭ̣ȻЦʵ򣴨ڣ֪λ˭
ģȥĹӼ֮Ů麣ǰլأǰȥͨһ
л˵
ĶԣҲˣ
~


87 
ǰЩ, ϶ǴӲ̸ĴڣҲǡ
֮ǰ˻ףȻǵȫȻûĴ, ּ̫ܲϻ, ΪǰǼʵڲ, Ҳֻؽ麵ȥȻҲղûἰ¡
Ҵ֮ʱ׹ϵƽڸϵС㣬, պ޳ȥٽٽ׹ϵ
麵Ļ±ϾǹǱտ, ϹҲһͼֲ޶Ե, ȻǶϵеŮš
СȻҲͨ, ϴЦ, صԭСչ, С׾ûƵó
Լϴ˼, ǸȻЦǾͷСڴʱԵƬ̣СĽȥͨһ
麻ص͡
С˵˵ͷһ䲻, תȥ
լѾãʱϵҲȻޣ¶ʹ, Ȼڴ˵Ρ롣
ʱ, վں, 麡
֮ǰͷˣʵ麵Ѻ壬Ӻºͣ˭ģʵӺܾǿͱǰս۸ˣպһգſ˺
̧Цһ¡
ʱЦת̧֮ʣֻվԼ󣬲ƶǰңңԼߣ̻
ǰϣǹԮ
ʱڣϵҴԭڿ˱Сǰʱüͷ
麣Ϸ˱ʲô
֮ǰˣͥգǽ̫ӵ˽̫ӵп¾֮λݶ̫֮λ
λã麣ȻҲ֪
Ҳû뵽λͽвŲʵĵŮȻ̫ӵ¸⳶Ϲϵ
ϱȻѡܱΪ򣴨ԾеľҲ֪ǰ͸ֻҲ֪λ¾Ϊ麱˳пôҲġ
ת˲飬Ѱ
¾һ˰ѳֳ˶˽±֮ϵȻҲˮ
֪ǰϣȻ֪ڵͼʲôһȨƵĹô΢Ҳʲô¡
˼ˣĮؿվһԵСˣ˵ҽЩˬѾЪˣʲôҪµĻɡ
С˵Ӧǣȥ麡
ߵÿ죬ʱվſڣӣС㣬Сòɣ˳ˣҲЩˬͣʲôҪ£ɡ
ϾŹСˣ˵ɶʲôһĶ
⻰˵ƮƮؽ˾֮⡣
ڲŲʱûеŵʱ˵Ъ£ҲǺ˵Ƕѡ
Ƶóֻǲȥ
򣴨ϵĵ̣ڶܣҲȨƣ˳ˡ
վԭûߣֻЦʵϵŮջصլӦǿͣȵʱҾѾϻϣ֮ϣصԵֻͨΪòδңԻȫЩáڴȴƲҾ֮⡭˵մ˽ҵǿͣ뿹ּ𣿡
˵ͷʵЩˣСҲû뵽λڹе΢ôС㣬ȻƱ硣
˲ϲڵĺһ£⡭
麼ϸؽӵϴˣӦһţűϾѸߣǵӲˬˣҲ֮飬ֻǱϾ¹ػϣһ
С⻰ҷӦǣ˲վԭƬ̣˵˵
ЦӦǡ
Сһ·иϵǰ˵Ļָеϴˡ
ԺɫЩѿ⼸ñӿڳƲǿС񷨣ּ
˸ͷϵĸʯĨһֻǸС˵ΪھдȥˣҲǣµۣΪﻹʲô·Ϊ͵о׵Щû뵽ﶼǳϣ˵þǻСôߵģڻ
Ӽ飬СҲ죬ֻǵͷӦǡ
˶ǰˣô˵ˣϱϾҲţƽЦ
ߵѾߵ裬ɫ䵭һڣƾģҲգļûʲôݣɡ
С˵ȥʱ븵ǰ
ԭΪӦԼǰģҪôǴһŮȴû뵽ߵǲûʲôŮһòɾ
ϴźЦ麵ǰ麰ɣһ۶ôˣƣôµòһҵĺӡ
ߵŮҲӦ͵ūҲǣȣʵǳѹǹｿĹء
˵ϵЦ΢һ㣬ɫûἰϵЦȻǴ顣
ŲӹǣЩˬΪ˭ټҲַŴС˵òϸž֪ǰǰϣ֪ǰ麾δңմϾǰ򣴨ǲŲಡҲҪӭģѾС˵ոյ飬Ī֡
ΪڣҲʵǳϹȥҲˡ
Ǹ˫һ̨¡
ص˵ЦˣһôҹﲮšŰ麸ոǰլſھ͸֪СԼݣЩܵ©˶ѡ
Ŵв֪ÿŵģôۣҲ©ôһ㡣
ٲã˼Ҳѯʵġ
ڣʵŵúܡ
麽ǰģּ̣ڶܹȥģֻϵڶѡ
ô麣ҲֻǧؽҹȥԼͶԷҲʹ죬ڶϴˡ
ǵ길֮󣬾ȻȻΪʱԵϼ׵ϡ
ûУΪģֶǿӲתء
ȻѾȥô꣬뵽£麻ûа취ֹˮ
ϾǱСӣЩãаҲ֪ô̵ģ麽վ磬̬ȶô˲졣
ҪһʴȵĳԼвãҲֻǽ˽ԼеӣЦӦǲŴܣðίˡ
˵գ̧ۣվһԣһֱû˵ĸ⡣
а˼һ¡
ûʲôϢˣҲ֪ʲôݡ
òᣬ麵ɰɣ
컯յģôǰϣ·Ҳ֪Ļ˼ҳģҲʲôŹ壬ȻôԸһͬǰ򣴨
ңҲû˵ļҵЩ
Ҫ˵ֻлϻλ˵еµۡ
Զڱ߹أµֶǰȥдˣôҲǰˡ
뵽Կվ麵ˣЦʵλǣ
ؿһۣĿܿת麵ȥϲ֪Ϊʲôܾɾ˵ʱе߸ϵ֮С
ֻͷŲոðͱϷˡ
װƣ㲻ʲô
麻صҵİ֡
۾˿⣬˼ʵǰ麵İ֣ǾǹеĻӣ
ҡͷǻӡ
Ǿǲֳ֪
ЦЦȥЩʧ棬ϵㆪȥغһѾߵݹĲˮߣ밢麶˵强ǱϾӹǲ̫ã԰麽ǰΪ£ֱ˵ɡ
׼촰˵˼ˡ
ºͣײ֮ʣǰլУ˵Ϊ˵丸ףǾ֪Ųǲǰⷿĸ׹ĸŮƵΪɣ˿ⷿĴƷ˵ñΪܡĸ׵ʱʹ֮Уһʱֹҽǰ뽫Щǰľû
⻰˵ϸ⻰ϣеĲˮȴֲСЩ
µʱ麲Ŷ󣬲Ų꣬£Ȼܼǵ
Ҳ֪ڹУô̻ġ
ϵЦЩ²԰麽ǰҪҪЩģ
ֽѾǣ˵ΪܣҲӦ˹黹ҵʱˡ
㸸Ԫڣ˹ټҲʹͣǼûдڻ˵ˣǳϣܵõôЩңҲҶȻ㸸ô꣬Щ˵ҲӦġ
㲻ҪǼҴҵģʵҪ˵ôһˣҲʲô׵顣ڻС֪ǼҵĿദЩҲû٣һ˵ϾһˣǰҪʵЩû˼
ϾǸңһֵôǰЩ˵ȥҲ
⻰ﻰ˼ǵĴΪȫȻˣǰҪʸڷϣҲûа취
Ϻһڲ裬ʤȯյؿ麣ңҲֲţǻ˵òЩڵݣƾʲôҪЩأ
׼ѹˡ
ôһ˵ϵЦƷǰαЩЦ⡣
һǰĹңΪ±٣򣴨¶ϵĵ̣ȥҲǸ˴żİǡ
ָһ£Եͣվǰˣ״ǰԼڣԼһһϵĽǵϲ޶ٹֽûظ״ǰȻƾǴǰĹӼ֮Ů麡
˵ףڻ벻ǿ֡
ʲôá
ͻС
ϰЦ棬˸ԼͷϵĨЦŸ׼ڣͻȻһֱվһĬ˳
Լе̴飬۽ԭţʱ̧𣬿ϡ
ɫ֮пʲô
ɢػص˾ݻĻ
ƾδĻʺݣ𣿡
л˵
~
~


88 
, ˳ԼĨʲô˼Ļһ㣬͵Ц, ´˸⡣
Ļ, Ҳң°̧̧, 麰麣ǹ˵㣬ڻʳˣ¾ǰЩԨԴ, 㸸˵Ҳݴ̫ǵΪԼϸ֦, պǻʺ󣿡
ЩҴ֮֮ĵŮδظôԲ, 㵱Ϊ򣴨, ҲϺͿ˲ɣ
Ѿ֪֮, Ϊ, ҲֻһЩ΢ǳЩϸƣշ˷, ʱʵǾúЦϵϸʱЩ
麵ǰ̫ӵЩԨԴΣ˭˲֪λ¾˼, Ҫѣ¾ͷϣ¾ſɹƭ, ǿ麺ôķ, Ҫǰȥٵġ
ֻǣ, ŸЩѡ
ԲŸ⡣
˸ô˵ɫеֻǴȴһЦɫķ黺ػָ
̧ۣ˵ȻǷǳ˽¾ˣ
Ȼݣ¾ʶѰ¾ǰ̫ӵµʱҲϵϱ
ȵ׷ھˣͷ壬ĪҪ˵ô֪ðҰСӣ¾ҲҪ֡
̴ٵطһЦҲ֪Цʲô
ô
ƺΪڵ̬ȶЩŭϵҴˣȻ棬Ҳ·๣
ⴽ΢̧ûӦ
ȻǲʶģǰҲֻǰȥʥλе̫ӵ£ȷʵһֱԵü
ϾǸŴԺĵҷˣ̬ʮ㣬Ҳģ
ڵ֪麵⣬ȻǲܽЩٹ黹ʱҲ˺Ҳû˹˼ɣԳ촰˵
ԭǰЩ磬ŵģȻҲܱ㣬ֻڼȻ̰ᣬȻҲ㣬ֳȥҲûʲôô˫ͿͰɡ
̧ۿϣô˵ŴǰЩǲˣҲ׼黹ˣ
϶û뵽ڶǹ£Ȼᣬ֪ߵغ
ô࣬˵ȥɫһһվŵŮСˡ
С˻⣬׼λ뿪ʱȴͻȻ˵
ԪҲϵļ
麵Ĳ
˫ֱ֮е״ΪλԴʱվǰ棬һŭơ
Ͽµڻˣæǰӭȥ
ԪҲʱǰ֮ɫݵؿϣôڼôµġ
Ҵ֮ӣӵܵĲѧլȻǼҳ󲻿
ڼ£а̣ԪŴʱǰȻɫ졣
߽ߣҲµģ֪ǰ˭ǰǸͽе麣֪ôҵúܣҪҪǰ῵ЩôЩ꣬ϻţŮĸģܻסģô꣬ЩҲȻ£ǰһңǸİǡ
Ԫ֪˽´ŵ·߶߶ֺֹ̧̧ˡ
ڨڨ
ΪǣǰЩ£棬Ԫʱɫأ麵Ȼǰ῵Ź£ֽǰУȻǲӦ㣬ֻǴǰЩôҲȥˣѾҲˡ
ԪɫţȻһˣˣͲüƽЩµʲôӡ㲮㳤ǸңǸСӦִ֪磬ڼֳʲôӣϽ㲮ǣ
ǰصլϾиױӻţϵЩݿڸ׵ϣԼмӡ
ǺͻʣҲû뵽ЩǰԼ̬׽ĳȻôؾͷˡ
ֻǷ˵Ҳã侮ʯΪֺԵۣĸԸ빬С
ʱľ֪麼ҲΪؽҹպ󴫳ȥ˵ǣҲҳ˸ģϾһȨƵССû˻ľ
ڿ˳ɻ壬Ҫѿ۵ķ̫ס
ҪԸʲôҲеΪȨ߰ǰ
麵ָս׿ڶĸ˵ΪܣֽҲȫȻˣ
ԪϷ˵ôһѾǺܸˣڿôβһʱҲЩա
һæ˳үҲƼˣΪС麴Ǵǰڹ˹̣ܽ˵Ļ£ʵһûС
뵽˷ŵĻЦ֪ݵҰˣԲѵ˵Ժǻʺ󡭡
˵ﻹ̲סЦʺ²ǵ˵Щλ¾ʲôݣҲФģ
׼ڣȴ֪ΪʲôԼʱͻȻһʹ
¶֮ɫǣҵؿ˼վŵŮ󺧣æǰȥ
΢Ц
ЦᣬϵĿ¾͸Ϊ΢ǲ֪Ϊʲôڴʱǰ֮ȴּΪԡ
϶ָ򸵻⣬Ԫš
ϲǰȥϾԪȴĴϵļȨףȻʶġ
ķңֻ麣δ⵽վˣʱ̧ۿ⣬ЦЦɫʱ̲סɫ䡣
̫ӵԪʧ񣬡¡
ϸոû˵Ļ̴ٵʻ˵Լĺ֮С
ɫһ˲ĨŵķۻҪΪס
Ƥʱ͵̧𣬲ŵĿǰˡ
ʱɫЦڵĮ֮ͫȴûʲô˿Ц⡣
ָסŷӵ̴飬̧𣬡ţԭϵù¡
Ӧм˼
ϾˣʱӲǿվţ¼̱ġ
˴ԲѵʱҲûڵ˾Ȼ¾
Ǵ˵еλ¾ŮɫӼΪ䵭κ˼Դɫ
Դʱˣϸû¾롣
ͷ֮з裬۾ת£׼һװεʱӸոȥͻȻ˵ס
ޱسǰ֮Уýʵϵĺ䵭ƳһۣԸ麵£¡
װβɣִֻܾٵؿվһԵԪ
Ԫа²࣬ǿسһЦԸ֪½ǰ򣴨ʧԶӭ¼¡
װͿǸȻЦЦ֪½ݰڴǣ
ϱϾҲһ壬ô˵ҲҪȥġ
ΪЩʲôڴǰ῵ķϣֻǵЩ꣬ҲӦΪ麶ϷĿ
˵Ԫ뵽˸ǰ϶֣ʱҲЩò׼
㷣ôŸ⡣
˹ذ̴飬ԭ˻û
½ǰϣȻΪµĻóġ
мžƬ̡
˽ǵͷϢҷ
Ҳ͵ضһ¡
򸵻⣬ߡ
ÿһ֮Уա
ԪʱҧҧսͷضԸǳ̲ܽñ¿ЦˣϼеŮȻܶܲˡ
ڴǰЩΪˣȥҲ鷳ڹžڼкúö麣ҲǲһˣؼƽЩպ麳ˣԼױȥȴû뵽ᡣҲ޶ۣûмʱֹǳʧְ
ƹһļôʱھҵһĽڡ
˵ţһԱߵϣ֮мֵŶԱʧϽǸ
ϻع׼ڵʱȴǸǸˣǹ£ǹµĻá
վ麱
ǲδ˵ʲôǴʱ̻ζȴֲԶ
ϴǰС񣬴ʱɫǺ죬˼䣬麵ŵ飬ǲŶԲס㣬ҲˣһʱģϾҲһˣĪҪǺޡ
ԪҲæԲվǰȥڴǰ῵ЩϾѾãǳ£ݳԼӡ
ͷ˼̧̧۽ޣ
䣬ǰͻȻϢʮλװ
ѡ
ѳԺһһظϡ
ϴЦ֮ȴûдŶЦ⡣
ֳµӻεţ˺ϸ΢졣
һһ
л˵
˽ڿ֣Ҳף븵˽ڿ֣
~


89 
Ǵǰľ, ô֮ǰģϣҲֻϳʮ֮߰, ЩҲиټ, ǰո˵, ʮõóҲ˽ǣż궼Ҫʳ, ǰǰݳˡ
Щ֮еĽպȻҲ޴̸, δΪɬƴǲȥȻ̧֮ͷ
λµۣ̫֪ôǴߴߴ硣
ʵɱġ
Ԫ򸵻, ֮ǰĴѾû˴, Ѿ⻨, Ϲ
, Ԫѵһĭ֮ǰ, Ѿ͹ˣᡣϵĵŮǳ׵ܵܵŮ, ǺҲǳųģΣΪһ֮, Ҳ̰ͼСĶ´˾, Ƕҵĺ·, ҲϲǺ¡
ӣĸ֣ҲѰŮ£ǱӦҲ֪麴ǰϾǹ뺵ĹŮϵķʢϢϢأҲպûбӣڹɣ
±Ͼӣ֪֮УǺλ֮мߵҲụȽϣڶصȷ٣ΪҲѰǱûŮ֮Ů֮¶ǵϣ˵£
Ԫ֮鶯֮ż˵Ҳǲ޵
¾ڶϷѣǾϴǰΪ麣ҪΪѣ˴ŵĵҲˣʮͿռҵףһ£ֻǶ궼δָܻǰ
Ԫ˵¡
ţɫеɢԪ˵ô࣬Ҳûб任һ˿
˵ıӣ侮ʯ˷ſڿ˵ᣬǹֻѾͿͣҴԽΪأТϣں˾Сģ
̧߽󹬣˭˵պŮģԴʥʲô³˽ٳ꣬Ӧ֪ܲɣ
ⴽϴǳЦ⣬ˡ·˵Ļɲں˼
ʱֳֶסŽѡ
񣬺ܿȥ
֮еʲôˣô˱ȹٳ֮лҪ˽⣬Ǽв˽ʲôӲѲ顣
ûŻ¸ֻЩĴҵˣպ󶼲Ǹҵ³
ϴǰ̣ղװΣڼҪ˵ιȥ
ԼĿڣϵĨЩҲûʱٹ˼ЩֻܾһؿԪǰүô죿
ĪҪ˵ˣԪִ϶꣬ǰԵֻҪȥֺãٻҲʹ죬ڵλ¾Ǹ˼
ԪҲû뵽λ¾ȻΪ麳ͷˡ
ϾǣҲĴ֮һǰϺôиͷϵڲΪһ麣˵ز
Ѳǵɫǻ˲ɣ
׾ͱͽеСԪȻЩԵϵǶڼ˵ʵ΢
Ϊʶʱؽи빬Уڱż˵ʧ˽ǵԵ۾ϲʶʱˣԪҲʵʵյ˲ٺô
Ǹȡˡ
ԪûԼڴǰЩῶ꣬ʼңȻƲЩԪȻҲû¡
˭֪λ¾Ϊ·ѡ
Ԫʱзɿ˼ţȻĿƵһֱĬϡ
µ߻ȻѾ˵ˣұϾҪ΢㣬ϵѪںú飬˵Щ֮ġ
Ԫ˼ˣæǰߵǰȴû뵽Ųո˼ͱ⵭Įֹס˲
ôվ麰˵϶ǶѳЦ⡣
ǰǺ˵иá
ˡ
⿴ԪĻֻЦ
ǲԪΪõ˼
ű˼ӣԪϵЩðΪٶ꣬˸ôѿվǰǸ⣬ôȥҲʡ
Ԫˣ˻ּЦǺӣҲǲҿųģӦ֪ģǰ῵һδؼҵʱŲո£˾Ц˶˵ôС֮УΪϲ
֮ǰ飬ǼԹޣҲѰֻҴǰһֱƤӵţڹٳ֮УЩʵǲѶΪ֮ǲǣȷΪ
Ԫ׼˵ҲػصȨϣѴȻҲ֪
Ԫȵľôһ仰ҲӦ͡
Ǹжǿؼһᣬ麼Ȼ֪㶮£οȻһˣԵǲǰӣ֮УպԶа麵֮أ
⻰˼Զ׼顣
ȴֻǹɵص˵ͷԪȻˣǱл
ǸлΪ֮ͫкڰ׷ԿȥΪ峺ϵģ
Ԫһʱ֪װɵǵ治֪
麣Ǳһʵ̲סô룬ȻٺòԲ룬լǰ麵ıңѼһ£ʵЩ̫׵ܲܰڱǰ
ڣˣǻµȻȨ๡
¾ôɫǻˣΪ麳ͷδزΪջس
Ԫ֪ǲǵ浨ӣæȰű¶԰麵̬ȣ˶ƳȻǶ԰У԰˵Ļ¾ܲġ
̧۽ޣϿһصǰ٣Ϊʵ׶ʱһУȡκȰ裬ô
ʱ˵ܻأһüë
Ԫ麷ŵĻмܻƫƫһɵӣ޴ӷֻȥ֮ϵľ綼֡
¾βװɵ㶡
ʮֻǱȻˡ
ԪɫҰܣָ߬Ȼ¡
ôǮõóպҲһ겻ˡ
¾Ѩģһ˵ͷ¾˵ĻҲ˸踵İѱݹȥֻֽ޲ˡ
ܿѲǰЩԪʶеʮ֮߰ˣϸϸҪǮǶʮ
Ӵ壬ҪóôһǮҲ¡
Ŀǵ˹ȥԪͬҲõȥǿһš
˰еõϢЩ͵͵ǰ¶ɫҲû뵽麾Ȼλ¾Ĺ
ʵǳϡ
ҹϼУֻǰû֮֮ӡ
Ͼش֮жΪЦ
µ飬Խ˽ȥɫĮӦǣһӵĿ޺֮ҲȻ治ɫ
ⲽظȥ
򣴨شΪ˳ƵľڳǵϴһѩɽʱɽǡԶɽ
ϵΪֽľ棬еĸдеӣȻ֮ʣͻȻվԼ࣬Цʵϣµǰɣ
Ըôۿ
麻룬ȻСصյʱѵֲ׶һУȰ𣿡
˲ܣʵѣôǰܻ
л˵
ã㿴Ϊôǰܻ
~


90 
⻰˵, ϸҲȷ޷
ǻš
լλüãҰ, ǰˮ, ෽ԿԶɽ
, ţǻô˵ĻҲǲС
ǻÿҪøһ㣬Це, ҲѹúܵͣĻ, պ󣬿ɵøʵЩ
ʱ򷴽һ
麶Ѹٵ˲ŵ֣⣡
±, , ֻҲ, ǵˡ
⿴ڵ, ʵһֻ˲ȵëβ͵ūצצ, ʪ۾ôˡ
еȥ°Ҫãʱֺ֮˼һ¡
Ƭ, ̧麵࣬ҹ⣬ˡûܵί
Ҫ˵ί, ʵҲ̸ϡ
麵౻ѹ¡
ʵǰϵʱ, ȷҲԪ׽׵ľԼ, ȴû뵽ΪЩԼֻǸո˵ʱϾ˲ɫ
֪ΪʳֻоʵЩ̫޳ܡ
麷ǵӵӿ˴СʵߣҲίֻǡ
ס
ῴǰ֮ӣ˶ҪͽĶĿ֮еĽ㣬Ϊ׺͹飬ܼĴ඼ƴǣɼȴҲȥ֮ܿɢ
ѩ̿ѣҲףЩ侮ʯоҲֻ񣬿Ǹ׻ڵĻֻġ
ͥǰ滨Ǹ׾ǰ֣Ǻûб˿ĻֽӦҲѾͤͤǡ
ʵЩҲֻϸ֦ĩڣǲʱ򣬲⵽һϸ΢Ĵ̣ƽల£˲ͻȻѬһʹС
Ǳƫʱ򣬴ǰܵЩίʱ˺ֵӿֳ
ǰ˵ֻΪû⡣
ۿ˿ָ΢΢̧𣬴ڼ˲֮ͻȻ֣򸵻񣺡¡
նϵĴЩˡ
ʮ᣿
Ҳһ˿ɫĿʶת麣ܿͶ˸˼֪
Ҵ֮ʲô鲻ģ벻⡣
˵仰Ժ󣬾Ƭ̶û˲뿪ˡ
渵꣬¼Ϊзִ磬ڸôϣҲѾ֪ˡ
ùίձµӣȻֻܾôؽ˹ȥ
ֻǲ֮֡
ߺ󣬸ⴹͻȻڡ
ʵЩʱڡ˶٣ֻ곤ꡣ
еûʱĻ̧ۿ
Ϊû취ʼջȫʱҲδմȨʱһֱ룬곤ʮĻҲãžͿһֱ㣬ܵôίˡ
룬곤ôĻʱɫ˥δֵûġ
ֺںˣʧЦΪ϶ĸдɢ׼ڽһʱȻֵңʹˣҲá

߹ء
ʱūɧϮϣ߹ؾڵо֮Уƣڱƣߡ
ūλϲɧŵֶΣһһĥֵ־־սڴǰĽ֮УūҪѲһЩ
ūʿøߴǿ׳Ӧԭѣ˳ᢵҲܻñԸǴʿǵ־
ˣ㡣
ƫƫ߹ؽʿسǵǷΪ֪ūĿģҲ֪ǼбģԹΪض¶ײϣʱжòˬײϡ
ջڲԼĽʱСʿ˵Ǿ˴ˡ
˵þķ֮ʣﲻϵĻȷͺĦ£¶ݣʱūĥǵ־ž뿴档
ǰЩūоʿַʽūЦΪųث֣ϲôϲػƣֶΣūʿһҲҪΪǿ׳һЩӳ֣˿ռϷҲѰ
Ϊÿж֪ԲΪꡣ
ԼĽֻǡ֮˸һ׾
ѶĽʿһ£ȻӦǡ
ȴûߣ֧֧ƺҪڡ
ĿԼеĽ֮ߣСʿ£
Сʿæ˵ңȻ˺ܾãС˴Ϊ
ڱ߹һǼΪġ
λս޲ʤСϣҲһĴڣʱոտʼʱ𣬾δйܼ
¶Ϊ٣߹ؾҲǡ
ΪִΪ˷ڱūһһĥ־ȴʼһԲûУ˶ڰֻۣǻ½սܣ°ϣµ۽Լս޲ʤ٣ڲţ̲
˵ǵԵĵطԮŻԸȥ
Ȼǵ
Ȼλ꽫ģֻǽܴ죬жԴǼ䣬ڱ
˵ᣬԭͲӦöԴҲ˾üȻǻظģȰ
Сʿҵҵؽ¸һ顣
δɫֻһ֪ˣҲûġ
һֱСʿߺ󣬻ԵۣŴʱӪ֮еͼ
洦ע
ֻʣ£û̽ˡ

߹ضգūһ֮УסˣԭźúʻСǵô£ȴû뵽շ˪ݣкŽͻ
׼Ϯ
һֱı߹ؾʱͬҸȼһʱڴ˿
һֱǵҪȥ֪ʿǲʺӦֶսķʽǱϾصǷóȻ֮ǰһֱūӶ̽
һήҲ񣬿ūᾯ裬ַʽǳͷҲһɲ䡣
ԣֻҪҵǸڣͿһ
ҹɫ֮зʱ׼ͻΧʱͻȻӳһ¡
֪ΪʲôĽҪͷͻȻ뵽˸⣬ӳһ˫ڵ֮ͫУԵóγʡ
ǡˮһ
ĺ棬˶
ͷȴ뵽飬еԳЦ¡
ڱ߹ķ֮У֪
Ӧһ߹صʱԼΪ򵼡
Ҳ֪ⱲӣûĻᡣ
ûȥֻսԼеȻŴʱı߹ؾ
ȫ̳
߹صķХž߹صɳݺݵ˵ϣ죬Žɫ˪
ش
һͻϮ֮Уūһͷ­ūսʧأټﶼһ겻
֮УгѪ˿ϵɫޱزԼĳ
֮ǰǸѶСʿһֱԻЩĽ֮ģջʤ̣Сʿɫ֮жεϲɫ
ɫǺ죬ֵūĲѾϾսūǱ߹ضһ԰ʦسĽ
л˵
ͤͤǾο־~
~


91 
ϾǵĴһ, ȥٿʱһѩէůһֱ˺ܾõĺ⡣
ĴҲҪøһЩ, ´ǳε, ƵͯڽͷϷ, Ϊǿ˴Բ˶ȥ˺صĶװ
µ۾þδ飬֮ʱն˲٣֮ǰڰµۻҪ, ǰʱյʱҲȷǵõϢ
ȴ򣴨ϡ
µ۶һǿ쵶ն, ٻѶϣҲֶΡ
Ƕϣȫ, , һ, ԴԺ϶Ͼ޴ˡ
ڶϵֶ, ǳҶʮǾٳһЩ֤, һطϼ֮֡
£ǽ򣴨صĴʷȥģʵǾͲֿϵͷˡ
ǰΪ¾ǵ޵Ĺϵ, λǰ̫ӵ£ϾиŮɫԲ˶ڰ˼, µ۶λǰĹĵмĻ, ˵ûλǹ֮ࡣ
ϵϢ, Ҳв˶ĥţ²λ̫ӵϲˣѾλûЩ˼ˣڶֲôһ㶼û֡
һϲ߲ȵ֮ͣǰԵۻڵʱ򣬾һֱڰͽԵۣϴ˷ѣǲûʲôͬ顣
˻ֻ룬˵þλµ۲ϲµ۶ϳ֣Ϊ
ΪôţҲв˼˻Щ
ʺλãĸû͵͵Ф
Ҳ˵ڼ嵽׻ʲô棬˵һºӣ˳ĵӡ
ȵµ۴򣴨ֻ¶ҲҪʼѡˣܳȵТδЩɻ顣
䵽˭ͷϣǶһݵ١
ʱյĳگ̫ľ֮еھ˶ǰ˰ݣһ̫¾ĸ̫Ϊ׺񣬼ָ죬ҲǺõġ
˵ԼеĹŮͱ̫ˣֻã̫ۣͱڹˡ
⼸վگĹ˽ӿͶǽϵģļھǰ̸֮¾Ļ£ҲǱ̫ǧؽҹȥ
սľϵĴˣڳҲŵŵĹ󸾣£ŵҲͬŹŮ̬֮
ϴףϴЦؿ̫ºӦСŮһֱĽֻ̫ǰݣǰҲֻԶԶǣֽЩúЪϢЪϢҲá
̫ص¾ǰĹǲȥйȷҪв١
ǰΪвٳ֣ȷֽͣУҲŸҶ߶šǴǰʱ񷱶࣬Ȼ¡
Ǽѣϴ˵䲻ؽǡ
ǳţһһЦ䶼ʲô̫ҲżʼһЩ⣬ҲǾֹˣһһشˡ
ϴԼҵŮëȴֳٳٶû̫ǵ˼
˹ˣǾϾǶǳ͵Ĵڣ̫ƲϣļҵĹŮ
Ѳ̫ԼĸŮ
ǾϴԼ֪̫ĸʷңһкôҲǲܡ
µĸ岢ĹŮǲعһ㡣
ȻȢԼΪʺĵȷʵҲǲ
ϴôĥţ̫̲סʵʱڼд𣬲Թٶ¾Щɻ飬Ͼ¹ػãغҵӺ¾һ̫ӵʱʱ鼰£֪ôģ
ôаҪϢĹ󸾺ֹһھϵĴ˶סˣԼҵŮǰگ
վڻʺλһۣϴ˽ǰͼȷȻҡ
̫֪ܲʲô㡣
ֻһڲ裬صϾµ۵飬Ҳ֡Ǻ˼úܣǰҲһ˰ѿأ˶òֺ̽Ĵ£ȻҲǡҿԼԵְɡ
ϴЩ㶡
ֲЩǰȥ̽Ϣȫ飬ʲȻԭΪЩ˶ԼЩԸԼ֪⣬ǰ׵˶̤żļòܣ̫ôܲС
ϴһֱմͻֱּ͵УҵҲûȵ˽ȵǣԽղڰ಻סǰگ
ԭΪΣ̫ܿǼΪ⡣
뵽ֻǲ̲˵ôһЩ
ϴӣô˵ǽ¾Ҳʮжˣ˵ɼҵɼҵڼȻѾҲظÿЩˡ˵Ǳ²ϲ˲飬Ǳµĸǧĸǣܵ㶼͡
ж︣ҲΪЩ˼
ϴƺǻ˵̫ȴ˰֣ƺе뵡ˣհҲЩˣɫˣδҲЩȥЪϢɡ
һֱϴ뿪϶Ǵ㶵ɫ
ʵɺô֮УвΪòĵ̫
ǰ̫ʱ̫յʵǻжջصϾʱճگмǰݼЩ˲ҵ¾Űˡ
ַ²յЦӦòִЩЩ˼ҲѰǰЩʱѾϢˣ˵⼸ˡǾᷳĻ;˾ǣαظҪЩ˼ģҲġ
̫Цҡҡͷ˵ЩҲ񡣻ȢǺӣǱֻҲѹڴδβģⱻ˵˰ЩЩǶ˼Ҳá
ӦҲûٶ˵ʲô

յϾ֪ΪΣѰʱҪΪһЩ
˲֪ΪΣʵ̨֪֪Ͼô֣ԶԶؾͼȥˣѲʲôҪǰ¿״ԪҪνˣ
סɻؿ˿ˣ㲻Ͼ˰ɣ
հλСӱ߹ػӣūնɱūǱ߶Ըʦس
ԽյϾҪԶƽﻹҪһЩ
еĽʿشУϵ꽫峤緢
ͬʱһ̴ľƳɣȫȻǵ͵޻ʻ뾩ǡ
븵򣴨صϾһ·ͣͣһֱղŵϾ
麴ʱ洫µ⿴ȥֻȺ֮УöδĻڸͷ֮ϡ
֮ǰϾʱҲ̸ʤū¼
ȴû뵽ջܻصϾ
Ͼû˱֪ΪʲôТδ뿪Ͼص˱߹ء
ʶؿԼߵˡ
ƺѾ֪麿ʲôôôҲϡ
ǿеĲ죬ЦУôǸ
ʦسΪ佫ҫ²ᡣ
ǣ沢뿴
ͻȻ뵽˻һԼ֮ǰΪԼ뿪ϾһֱΡ
ڴʱ룬򸵻⣬Сǻ֣ܲܡ
ۿܲµ˵Լϲġ
նػصܡ
䵭ֵ»ζ
л˵
ãˡ

أͻȻ֣
~


92 
û麵Ҫ˵ʲô, ֱ˵ؾܾˡ
Ųӳһ㣬ʵô˵ʲô
˵ʱǴźһβΡΡ, мܲסľ, ʱСȵ»һ, ü˵˵
˼һ´ǣ۽޺ܻգ£С˵뿪Ͼʱ򣬻Ӧ֪, ǻСŷ뿪ġ
ⲻ̲
üǵûͦ
Ͼô飬ܲˡѵѾˣ
šü, ֮ͫпʲôˡ
ļҧЩ
麲ᣬϾ, һһϸ΢顣
ܿͽŵ֮, 뿪ʱ, һŻϵ, ϣһ·˳죬ڱ߹, ſתȻѾʦس֮ǰ, ҲӦллȻֹ黹
ƣȷ֪顣
ûӦ, , ԼǴֳ, ˹ذš
麴յøһЩ˫ѹľòã֡

硭
յúܽ嵭ζҲû븵ĸ֪ȥȻһֱǲΪӣƬ̺ȴٿе̴ֳַŵǰСϣֿ̧ס麵
ĻҲҶԹ˵
Ҳս࣬̾һ
ǲǾǳ׼˹ڶмܲס
Ϊ֮ľܽҲ̧۾
֪ΪʲôǾ仰ĻͻȻе͡
ͻȻ뵽дλҹ֮Уʱ麶˶ȣ뵽һ֮ǰľ¡
Ǹʱʸ⣬֣뿪ϾǣԶ߱߹ص𣿡
е΢٣ţ
ʱЩСϾТڣΪҵԶ߱߹أΡ
û˳ϣԶߵġ
ʱҲֻһ䣬ȻʵǸʱ򡭡ֶôģ
һҪʱ˵ˣ
㽫ӷŵһߣָȥǻۡ
һ£ϥ䶥
첻쵰㣬⡣
Ҳûûʵе۵ӣ˯ɡ
ԭͺ룬Ҳûо֮ǰ⣬ʶԽԽʱȴ
ڻش֮ǰĻȴֲϣ
̴֮Уܵ͵ص
Ǹʱ򡭡ãºܼ
Ժ󣬲û̫£һֱڣλ͵
ܶ࣬ȴִû뵽ȻǼʡ
ֻΪǸʱԼ˳λѡ
麴ʱһ£ǰҲһǵĹңѾ̸ۼ޵ĳ̶ˣΪǰԨԴҪһ棬м޹ط¡
Ҳᵱ⡣
£޹شȡ
ָϸ΢һ£룬ǻǲʵĻ֦ͻ֮ǰ飬޹ʣȴҶаҲΪԾౡ֮
Ǵǰ̫˵ĸܡ
ϰԺԼ룬ȥǨͱˡ
ⴹ֣µȷȡֻã㶯ĵǹ£ҲǹĸԸڹµߣ㲻Ǩˡⲻ˳ζ²
²顣
պҲһʲôԣǰߡй㲻˵˭¶˸๷ֺ
΢ʱߵԳȥһ˻
ǳĬһȻ麲ػشǡ
µͻȻǳˮһȥǸ緢꽫ͷ֮ϻߣ麻涯˼ע⣬Ҳֹڴˡ
ٵʱȷ̫޵ˣֻ棬Ҳ˾ã˶ֻǶ
ߵˣԭĻܿˣȨԺν⡣
ֶԼ˵ǰߣ
˳֮Уء
ڸͷ֮ϵ꽫֪ΪʲôУԶԶȺԶһۡ
Լ֪Լڿʲô
֮УֻѹѹȺǰԶ׼ϲɫ
ȥ뿪Ͼʱһֱ룬ԼٻصһҪǿʤʦس
ڵʵˣ˶ȴֺЩ˵ϲɫ֮⡣
ջߣǰߡ
ʦسյ˵ӦҪϾȦ
ǼеӭҲҪһʱʱ䡣
ǰ棬򼸾䣬ܿͻ⣬ٵĵطʻȥ
ջǰȻҲƫǱ˾ҪЩ
츮ϲ£ŵС϶Ц⣬ǰӭȥԳеǡ
Сϴŵɫո˶࣬ƫţҲǲţǼҼ˵ˣСӱ߹ػһ·۳Ͷ٣ǰЩʱһֱ龫ǣʲô˶ǰĻհɡ
ʤ飬ټſǰƵĿ϶
ЩˣЩ˱ˡ
ڲŶ
麵Сʶǡ÷ʤ飬һһЩǰľ£ᵢ̫á
˵ʵᣬСе㲻˼ͷ麵СĵҲǲŹ㣬ֻ˽ն˹أ˵˭ģͨͨģҪﻹǸհɡ
麵ҲǲΪˣֻɽ˶࣬Ǹǻջؾ
ȵʱգˡ
С˵ɫʵΪѣ麿óдʣôˣվߣʵǼҵļǻԪ
֮ǰǰǵλξ
СȻɾôͻȻԼҼЩţƬ־Щð׼ʱ򣬴ؽܵǰȥתξһڻ⡣
Сԭ׼ú˵˵λɾͻȻ⻰¶Щһ
һ£ٴȷһ·Ŵ˵Ļ򸵻£
Ͼǣ˸ҿЦ
СߣߣӣæȻٿȥ
ξԭϲüң̵غŲ裬ϾԼֶȫʤ϶й⡣
˷ȴͻȻС˵еĲյ͵һεЩȥ
ʲôξֱԼĶ䣬˵ʲô£
ξﻹȥæǰȥС˵ģЩȥ
ξϰ֮ˣϵܴСЩƵһ
С˵ЩûףξˣӦʱµ۲ǣô㼤
˲֪ξ֪ܲԼֶµ֮ǵϵ
òڻϾµǰʦ˰ɣ
ξԽԽ죬һֱԶԶسȷµۣ¶Щ
ۼֳµ߻վһλңһĥʹ֪˭
֮ǰԼֶҪȢλʮһ麡
ξǰûм麣ռˣҲ֪ԼֶЩͨ-µĶɣôҶˡ
̾ϢһųصĲǰŸȻŴʵ֪½ͻȻٺǣ
չ鸮
Ȼʦġ
ξϿЦ֮ǰϲɫ˲ˡ
ر£ǡ½ǰ
ǹ¡΢̧ǹµĻ
ξɲؿ˿վһԵ麡
֪λµۣλãֻĵĲһ㡣
»̫ӵµʱһֱŮɫ˵þΪλʮһ
λҪ
ξ뵽һ
µ۸òŰѻ˾ɣ
л˵
ξΣ
~


93 
ξ, ϴԶ׼Ŀɫ
麣ǿЦԭǹ¡ڻڷн֮УĻ, ͷڸԵƬ̡
⵹ǲʲô, ֻɫ, ʲô
ξ͵͵һۣԭЩȴʱΪЩ
аСӽն̯ˣȻú㣬ƾŻ϶ۻµս, ܱܲ¼ˡ
ξһôţһɫǰ·, ڸߣСʵξɫôôѿ
ֽ̧ЩҵķɢشǾ, ϲʤɡ
ںСؽ̸, ξеú, ־Լоʵǲ, ü˳۵ǰȥ
ʱ͵ǰͥ
Ĳ費һĳ˼ˮȼɽ, һۿȥ󿪴ϣЩ佫ҵĴ
ڼдɨۿʱξ˸̲ͣסҲ˼ۡ
ǻСӱ߹ؿ, ڽձӭĿˣҲݷͬ졣
ֻǴҴҿ˼۾Ͳٿֻ, ڴʱ, ŴͻȻһµ, Զ
ԶԶţǱۼĵط
в۳ǱߵľϲСүˣСүӱ߹ػˣ
ԭһɨ۶ǰȥǰԺӭӣ֮У꽫װŷ糾͵ʱ̧븮С
Уһ·Ա߹ػϻЩ߹صϢ
òʵһ佫ȥºֻͣȴֲ˽ӽ緢֮ʴ˶е
Ƕµķ磬ȻǴ磬ȴֺپ˵ơ
֮У󲻶ϣеͥԺ֮пȥֻԶԶ֮Уվͥǰˮ֮ǰ⣬վߡ
Լ佣ֽ˽һԼĴٴ̧۵ʱ򣬾ͿֽѾµ۵ĸ⣬ɼز
֪ԼŴ˾ʵǲףҴҵͷ߶꺮ů׾죬ĲĶڴʱһһعѾͥǰңȥݼ
ߵóһĿŻͥǰ
Լֶʤ飬ԭǼǧѷϲ£ξƽʱһ򶼲ޱ߷վӶúõˣ񳿻ϲ̵˵Լ׹
ڿ̧Լ߹ʱ򣬻ξаٸнֻΪƫƫվλµֲۣһ̾
һһس麶
ϴʱѾȥ괺ʱʱֻ֮ʣĬȻ˵԰
һ·շת򣴨ʵҲûٴʱһ
ͥǰҶ
Ǹոմӱ߹ػҪ֮ǰϾʱΪһЩϵΪֻǴҴӹ麣δٲʱ
ξ֮ǰڳоѾ֪˻֮ǰβģаӣʱµԣҲЩ¶ĻļСӴ˷ûǻҵһ̴Ư
Ŀصô˴ʤĩһ˹ͣл벮ǰָ
ԣ˹غЦСԼʤ̣лʲô
⻰˵òʲô⣬麿һۣϵЦٿȻЩϷˡ
ۿ麣ûٿˡ
һ˵ξ̲סľλ¾ǲ˵Ҳ£˵˸¡
Ϊ¾ſڣʱ˶Ĭ
С
Լٿۿ
ӡ
麵ͫüãȴԵóγ˵ʱ̧ͷǡҹ
û̲סأ뵽֮ǰΪ̫ѡԼǰߵ֮и֪ʱ
ڱ߹أ䣬Ǹʱ֪麹ȻϣУǴҲ˵˽ڡ
ҳңϽΪұ֮ǸʱȴԼûı˼
ûȥܿʹ۾ص
Сӱ߹شʤ飬δС˷ܵо֮ǰϾæЩδ֮ûжС˵ǰϣҲ뵱С˵
̧ۣС޽ٵĻܷһ˵
仰һʶؿվߵĸ⡣
µ۵ΪʲôϾǣǵΪʲô㲻档
֮ǰҲΪ¾ݣҲȢڿĴ⣬ҲС֮ġ
򸵻ʱҲδɫֻǵۿߵ麡
˵ɫеΪ˼
븵ڱ߹ʶ꣬û¶ɫ
ξ͸´ˣڿ麼ǺˮޣԼǸֶһʱΪɫԾӦˣ׼ڻؾʱ򣬾Ӧ˾á
ξҪϴôߵһԵˮ˵
ҿµ۵ɫ˲ǰʵξǰǵĸȢģǹµʮһðɣ
ڣξùµĻС𣿡
Ȼǲ䣡ξæأǿŰ⺢ӳģ⺢СϲĹңһٺòˣô˵Ȼǲġ
ЦЦûٿˡ
ˮ鿣ѵ÷һЩĵطˡ
麴ԼóǿϵƣϴЦ̧ۿ֮ǰ뿪ϾæڻСûôúõл֪С˷ʤ飬ڲǰ߶š
ƣ뵱ʱ޶¡
ûӣĬƬֻ̣ͻȻʵԼҪصϾ𣿡
ʵ⻰ʵò׵ǵĹϵԣҲǽǳĳ̶ȡ
Ҳеû뵽ʳĻס
ܿͷӦԼʧ̬򴽣ȴûж˵ʲôֻôĻش
ǡ麺ܿͻأлСġ
αȷųĬøãƺеɬؿڣ֮ǰʱǵ˾һֱǡ𣿡
ҲƬ̶˼Ȩ׹ѡĵһ˳λ
麽ƽɻУ̧ۿصǡ
ۿ˿ŻصԼеƣʱ͵ضһ£¿Цȴֻ麵ԭµԽˡˣӦˡ
Ц£֮ǰΪƣ֪£ҲΪ˵ġ
ʵµģҲС£л⡣ôټľžޣҲֻбˣ￰䡣
ȻЦǵʱ޵ʱҲϾĻºһϲƣҲǡմմϲ
ҲĬƬ̣Ȼغá
վһǻǱѾõȣлѾյڱϾ紺ˮԷδܺҲЩȥɡ
Ҳһٿ̧ǰȥ
󣬺зִ˰ɣԶ
ξվڸߣձ̸ôãĶ˰ء
ãȴûȵ¾ּǿ¾ô뿪ˡ
ֻǸɫȷʵ̫ÿ
ξƣǱƣҶʲôæ͸Żȥ
뿪ϵʱͥǰԶٲ֮ʣͷһۡ
һԣֳֶסڣ˶ûӰˣ
⻰ʵᡣ
ת̧ۿСַŲ˵ʲôͿ𣿡
˵ͷûǻڸ½ͽͣոա
֮дһԶ׼Σա
ԻЦˣŴΡ
л˵
ҿûС⣡



94 
麶û뵽, Ȼǵô
ôǳˡ
ôԶôƼģ
⿿ֻϾǹºò׺Ļ, ȻúúùЩ, ±˹ܡ
ʵҲǺܽ, ȵĺȴһ˲麵Ķʡ
˿˿ĸоʱ˳ζϣ۽˵Ļزһ£̧ۿصֲСӣô׾ͱܵġ
Ц, ûֻǵʵǼȻ, ˵˵ǹºÿÿ
ǰҲûôƽϡ
ֻ, û, Сײɰ㸵⡣
ۿ, Ҳû׷ȥ, ֻ̧һЦ
߰ɡ
ʶΪǻصȥع𣿡
, ȥ˾֪ˡ
Ͼܴ󣬴ʱ紺ֱ߷ֵý, ͣһլۡǰ档
ʵû뵽ǰڵĵط, Ȼϡ
ͥʱļ޶, ϴǰ벮ĸʱ, ݹһٵطѾ֮ǰ֮ǰʱ˲𣬶еһһǰմǰΏڵʱõġ
ڲǲһӵĵط
ʶͷ򸵻⡣
統һ㴩һ£صɫԭٶԵмϳɣȴ˿Գƣ˲ֱӵĕi
ľ֪ΪʲôͻȻָ麵ǰ
Ͷʮ괺ϸ˿಻
Ͼ˺öյꡣ
Թ̫ӵ¸Եǰе䣬ߵСΪɡɫĮ̤ͥǰʯ̨ףʵңңؿһۡ
Ҳֻһֻۣк޲
ǸʱûΪңɼˣվԼߡ
·ǡǰ죬ϸ΢ζŷ紺ĩʱ࣬
ǰסͥǰʱһ滨ʱ紺֦ͷѾϸϸССĻ
֮ǰͤѾǰƣȴָΪһЩܿͥǰ󲿷ֵˮͥ©֮ˮںԱߣ仨䣬ƽĺʱһƬ
ȥŷܶʼ
Ҳ룬곣
֮ǰ˵ģòڹǵĻﶼãֻҪڹµ߾ͺá
㵱ҲֻһεĻҲѾﻮõġ
ҪȢĿʼʹδĹľ
ǻ֮µּ⣬йء
һҶһǰʱӱ޶¡
ӸǰԼֵ
󲻹˳Ȣ
̰࣬տʼʱҲֻŻһݣҲȫ˵ĹڣǶȴֻΪĸԸ
֣кչϣȾһƬɫĹΡ
ԣôʲôʱ򣬿Ըһ֣
Ҳ̧ۣǡĿԡ
ָһ£Ȼٿַֽ̧ľѹ͡
ȥ
Ǵʱķ磬ЩͻȻʱеûзӦ
һ裬ѧ֮ǰһֽĴȴҲǲҪ죬䲻ʵڿĵش
ֿ̧ס΢˳һ㡣
ǡ
Զ࣬ϵϢڣһ
ʱסԳ롣
ġⴹ˵Ƶģе˵˼£
Юһ㴺ʱ룬ֻΪŵǣȾһ
۵ʱҲܿĮ֮ͫѹһް
𣿡СأȻ硣
ǳϵ˼
ٿЦˣĿ麵ϣʱ֮ǰǻԴ˵ܰʲôֿԣ
⻰ٴŵϷʣмһֱټӹ
е֪ӦôѹľۣȻľ䡣
ʱʶ£֮ۼЩҲֻһ֪⡣
Ҳġϸ֣ҲֻһЩ
ϲŭ
麺ǵۿһʱ̹ϥ䣬ֱ˵ؽ˻С
̧ϸ¥̨ף߿̴ľţصľŷ֨ѽһ졣
һ߱һ߻¥Źص˿Ϸ졣
⴦¥֮дʱʱɨɢŵѬζ
齺ܿУܿ͸оԼıı졣
ʱʱܱߵķζε졣
뻰أǴʱվڴߣܿϾǡ
һһָ˳¡
˿һس鿪д
һֳֻ齱ߣһֻ˽ӡǰ
̲סһۣǻЩƲסҧһ¡
˿ûжָ֣ǽڷ޳ʱҵʱʵǾе߳ܣ硣
ֻ麿һԵĴûϣϥ䶥˶Сûء
ⴹۿ麴ʱɫ˲̧΢Ц£ʱЦٶŵ˼
ߣ
⴦¥ͼߣȻܿҴʱ߻һᣣǱϾǰգͷλεعϣ麸о֣ͣʵյ⡣㲻۸ҡ
üë˹س֡
ϵﻹڶһûңȴлŵİɫһ쳣
Ĵ뻽ļӵĻķҲ˽
óӣɢزһԼָϸԭƵĶе㲻˼Բȥ
Ҳûٶ齣̧Ĵ뻸ˡ
ʱ紺ԭҲӦǴ͵ģǴʱ֧ڱ֮еȴ޶˸оһЩ⡣
˴뻣лǺ
͸϶Уʯ֮ϣ֧ڴ֮ϣس˳Լڡ
׵ļɫԵøΪ
߸Ȼٿһ
һֵֻֽ麵ָ䣬һֳֻ䣬ʱͻȻԣŵǸ⣬ûûش¡
ʹ˵㾢ѹõ͡
ǹºÿÿ
ԭ
麾Ͳµ˸ⲻʲôưոݵˣ֮ǰǸ⣬ܶ𣬰ոӣȻҪ׷ȥġ
ȴû뵽ʱ
ô۸˵ġ
麼˵»ܼѵָһš
ʵʱ麵У¿һۣȻ˲ӿĶʡ
ǰʱ򣬴ҲֻҹУҲǵһյСơ
谵ĵƹ֮УĻĸ֪
ڱϾǰգΧһжԿԴʱɫ˺ֵسС
˵õȷûڵڣֿԡ
ָס򥣬ʵ˵ǰɣ
ʾ䣬ıʵ˼
麼϶ġ
΢ֻ̣ܻصÿ
ü㡯˭
ҧһ´ź졣
ʵû취ֻƹˤһС֡
»һ£Ȼսʵǣʲô
ƿ麵ϥ䣬ʵ˵ڣмʧβ
⡣ײ϶ģ÷
ⲻÿɷָ˳ϥ£ס˽ס
麱ϥ۾
ǿ˼ȿڵȹµġ
ڣҲˡ
ĳǳ˺ܾá
ѩڳϪɽ䡣
ʱѾ۵̧齱ߣԼֳִأȻ
Ϸ帡ͥǰˮµĻ
紺ݷէů
л˵
ã˵ļĺÿ



95 
µ۲ؾ, ϾȨ˽°д˿
λǰ̫ӵ²ŲǻգʹϾ뿪˶֪Ϊ¶Զߵ, ô, ڵȵ˸龩Ϣ
ڵʺһһ, سʲôʱܼλµۡ
µ֮ǰصϾһ¾ǰϼ˻С֮ǰΪ̫ӵ¶Զ߱߹ص飬Ҳ֮ơ
ξڼ˺öʱ, ˲ʵ̲סǰȥԼֶ
Դӱ߹ػԺ, ͼٳŻֻͣ˵һ·۳Ͷ٣뵡, ҪڼжЪϢա
ԭڴ̽ŵȨҲЪ˼, С, ȻҲָûȤ
ξո̤Ժ, ͿԼֶ
ⶼ˼, ȺúЪϢգһ쵽ҲûŴҺЩơ
, ˽ƣ
֮仹Ҫʲô񣬡ξڰ, ż, 㶼żͣ˵ǰڱ߹ҲҪЩƵ, ڱϾϾЩ֮ˮֽʤȴֲͣⲻñ˵Ǿӹ԰Ҳ˶ǼЩ׹ϵһֱҲǸ¡
ԣҡҡͷҲһֱó˽̸Щǰˡ
ξҲֻһᣬûʱսЩ˿ˣԻȲ˵Щˣ˵ЩҪġ˵ǰǵĹңλʮһ¶԰ɣ˵ֻ˾λǰ㣬ձ¶λµ⣬ԨԴڣ᲻ήǼң
Žʣ˼Ƭֻ̣ҡҡͷ
Ը֪Ӧµˡ
صģ²Ƿǲֵˡ
ξʵҲ˸ףֻǱϾ£ܹЩ׽˻ڷ
ƻ֪ΪʲôҲĬ˻ͻȻֽҲСˣѰͣҲöˣȴˣûи䣬иǵĹң
һ´ҡҡͷ߹࣬ΪʹȢ¸Ҳʱңҵ˹ҡ
ξԣһԵʯ֮ϣŻ˵磬ЩĽʿңȢˣ
ԼĴȣ̾Ϣһʵ˵˵ǲǻŲλʮһҪ˵ʱ󲻵õ˶ȥˣҲǰλ˭λֽڱߵˣҲ˵»᲻Ȣ
󲮡ɫƽشϣΪ˳ӣȻԽ
ֻ˵˲Խ
ȴû˵׷û¡
ξ΢ٿֺܿſڵң»Ȣ
ξ֪ΪƶϾ麵ݷֻҲû˵ʲôֻ̾£Ļļ硣
ܹ飬㻹СǰҲá
ξ˵ͻȻ뵽һ£ǰݼˣһЩҪƽύȨ󣬻ҵǸСӣǰɣʵʱնЩǹȻ鲻򣴨ǱȻҲЩӰ죬ڷͷʢܱץסѱʱټСҲ޷
ⷬȻΪ˻á
Ȼϵ黹򣴨ǱϾǶ֮ЩǣҲá
סɡ
ξԥһ£ܿ컹Ӧ
ʵҵ鲢ûжӰ쵽ĴֻǼ⼸շΧʵ΢һֱڼĹζе˼ϣŵæ͵УӼ͵͵˳һ
Ϊˣ˵֮УҲˣϴ˷ͻȻѣΪµۣҲΪ麡
ľΪ¡
Ϊϴ˷ľϾĹȦ֮ж̧ЦӭҲҪʧơ
ô˼գտʼҲû˲̲סϣҪô졣
룬ܿ͵Ȼ麵״󲮣µ۶ٰ̻ǰȥǱߣµ飬ɶ˶꣬ǰǸҲˣҪˣڼмȻݹϵڣһֵ飬Ȼ˵ʲô
˼е׹ϵвôģµָۣ©ЩҲ㹻ˣ
ǰֶŮҲֻΣôܵǰȥһֱţΪ£ִݡ
ǲʲôνֻλµ۵Ĺϵⰵࡣ
ǰλ̫ӵ£ȻҲʵǸ߸ϵýžǸ˵ģҲ֪ûʲôί
Դӻ֮ǰ뿪ϾǣѾ˽һʱ䡣
ǰ˺һӣΪǲԼѣҰο˵Ǳ߹Ҫһʱ˼Լ
ճţԼһڼﱻǣҲ˳Ű΢Ҳˡ
΢һ֪ڣΪ΢ն벻Լһȥȴû뵽΢ԥƬ̣һͬǰˡ
ļҶؽ΢һͬȥ
Ͼ翪ţС֮ûô࣬ξǰӭͣ΢ȫξ
ξĿ΢϶ͣһᣬˬЦǰҰİɣ˴ǰȥ
СԺп΢ʱҲƬ̡
кԺҲܿͶ΢˵ͷ
֡ڱ߹شһʤ̣밢һͬǰ㿭ᴷһ»ǰôһؾ뿪ϾǣǵҲ跹˼˺һӣŶճԷûûζģ
ȻЦŵǰ߹¼³ͻȻûи֪ˣ֮Ī֡
֣֮Щ˼Żһ
ŵ˼ʱϾѧ֮Уû˻ÿնûûζģѧ֮Ҳûʲôһεͷˡ
һϲԼľ޾ϸض˵˵˺һӣͻȻ뵽֮ǰʱ򣬰Լ˵Ļ
΢һֱϲ˵лˣǽճŵʱǶǰȥСʱܲһ£
ܿЦŴ𣺡Ȼǿԣʲô
֮ǰСᵽλѣڵóԸ𣿡
֮ǰдλǰԼ˵ԼһλѣһλңֻλкֳûӦʣʱȰλ̨š
Լˣû뵽΢ǵá
ҲûжʲôֻܿӦá
ڻǰͻȻʵˣǰ˵λѣ˵ҪǰȥףڿеóԸ
Žֶס̧ۣǡöվһԵ΢ߡ
΢Ƭ֮ʾջߡ
ҡҡͷδ
ҲЩϧʵΪλҵֳ𣿡
ǡأҲֹԭ򡣡
Щ꣬οջǸѵòҲǲҪģĺδ޷
ֻЦЦδӦ
Ƭˣ˵ҵλѣӦڶŮԵˡ
һֱĬԵ΢ʱͻȻڣϸԻСλѣֽǣŲ𣿡
Щ죬Ҳ֪ԼҰΪʲôջôһزʶˡ
˶٣Ŷ΢صɡ
΢֪ΪʲôҲûгһֱҪˣŻȻ
һŹŮ֮ǣٻʧ̬
ЩףĴֻԼİЩûϢãҲûж롣

ĵԺŻյȥ
ڵСԺûв˵ؿԸˣ㵽ŰߵСʯеʱ򻹻᰺ͦصصһÿģֺõ͵ߡ
һûһµԴҲĺ󱳡
ʤɤӶԸл
׼ڣȴסˡ
麵ۿŸ⣬뵽⼸һֱڶûϳ£ʵ⼸նûϳ𣿡
ɿ֣ܷŭҧ˼¿УİͿİ͵졣
֮ǰ˵Ӵ˲糯
Īеϡ˶٣ڣʵ
ôֻܰҲ˵Ȼ
麿˿ߵѵڡ
գգۿԼ麲֪Ϊʲôе߳ܣССǰЩ
ü۱߰

ʱһۣȻֱӸĺСڶȥһǳɵعš
ûзӦӦԺյضл
治ɫ۷ŷŵĻʵԣ÷ŵ˼ǣھͿ˵ˣ
л˵
ɶ࣡ҧߵĿϢ
~


96 
ʱ괺, кͷϡ
̧ΪסϵĹ⣬ȴͻȻ뵽ʲôסСָ
֡е, Խֻϸ, ڸĶࡣ
˵, ôˣһ᲻У
Ͼô㡣
ۿָ˳, ͣС
ᡣ
ָ΢΢ѹϣһֱ, ʵЩǡ
̧ۣ룬ԽԽС, , Ǹʱ, ҲûС
, ƽûʲô
ʪ妵ĸ֪ڶ麵Լʣʵǵ, 뵽ʱܸоЩ, Сһ£û˼
֣֪Ƥ, Ҳû, ֻ͵Ͼֶû, ֮ǰҩңûôС᲻á
Ѿòʲô뷨麲Ļպ֮йһҲǲС
ϾȨԸܻȫ֮ǰǰС΢
е飬ҪǨԼ
ֿľ󣬴չȥȻ뵽ʲô̧ۿ֮ǰʱͺá
֪ʣô֪ʲôʱ򣿡
룬Сصϡ
Ȼֺܿ첹Ҳǡ
⻰˵棬ǵڿоˣЦ£ָ̧һ
˵ʲôʹʲôôô԰á
ôҲʲô˵Ļ
̧֣׼ŲָʱȴֲȻϵֳ֡
ǰ֪֮У⴮ֳǳ
ʱͱΪҪѹס
̫ʱѰĽҩ̴ľģ׭̷Ӿ̴֮ϣ׾Ͳδֻ֮ǰ뿪Ͼʱ򣬵䡣
ݣ˲ϾҲ֪λʮһڱš
ϸǰ֣ܿڣû˱ĬĬԣңɼȴֻ뻤һ
ָ֡ϵ̴飬ʱĸ׻ڵʱԵ۶δʱĸǰһξķ¡
ĸֽ棬վڵУ̧ۿϣüĿؿҡ
ܶʱ룬ΪҴʱһ̸ֱ˳죬ʧĸױȸļޣ׾侮ʯ֣⡣
̧۾ڶ࣬Ҳδܴȫ
Ǹ⣬һֱãŶȻҵģ𣬶ǡ㡣
ô׾ʣ޼Ⱥǻţ˴δвȴֻԼ˵һ㡣
ҩһǣΪСУ̻˼ʱÿһβյ
ϸ֣ôܣġ
ˮǧһ
봹µĹϣһơ
áµһ֣˺ܾˡ
麲֪ΪʲôͻȻеЦ˲丵⡣
ˡأʵʱԫ꣬ҾѾˡ
Ƶ졣
롭
ĺĺ
*
յĳگ֣ߵ϶Զ׼Ц⣬һ֪ʲôϲ¡
̫ͿʼԴ£һ߾̫ޣһ־һɫЩѵˣһ߻ҪõĻá
һֱ˺ܾã̫ѡһɫƵ£ԼޱߵΣߵʵҽ磬ûʲôɣ
æЦŵҪֲˣȻԼˣʵҲûôིūûʲô
̫һֶۣžеԼֻ⣬ǵȷҪôֻͬһǰңеȻҪȫ⺢Ӽûʲô׾죬ܲˡ
ң¾۰Ͱ͵ض˼Сôãòײźģĸģ˲
ЩʵҲֻϷʣҲЩпһΪ̫ŵ£һ߸лǰҪΪʮһѡʱūԾͿ˵ʱµɫʱԼˣ¼ڹ֮ǰ£˵δζɺϣҲʵ˵ȥǸʱūҲ˴롣
ūҲǿŵ³ģ⺢Щ䣬ﲻҲĹʱƫƫƹŷΪ飬һСĶ˺쳾ȥЩҲûζһֱˣ߶ûи强ˡ
˭룬ܹѹ˹ء
̫ЦЦ漴ҲӦ
ǰŮٴҴǰ׵빫ֽѾڵˡ
һǰ̫Ǹ֮ǰ˵صģ麻ⲻЩ㷡
Ͼ̫ǰΪ˼ǣǵĸѾţΪ࿴˼ҡ
ڣʱͬա
ǰǰã˺ȴּס
ֽݣǰݼ̫
֪̫Ϊ׺ʺ񣬵£Ͼ̫ԣ㲻ʲô¡
ǲĽţָ˳£סָ⣬ʵţ
麻Żܣ˦֣ѹѵǳگ
ﶯֶš
֪Ц麣ʲô»ߡ
麻û𸴣ͻȻ̫ʱڴӶ֮߳ϴ˵ǵʱŻᴩĵ£¡֮ʱ̬ׯϴƽЦ
̫վڵڵЦá
δϸ̨ϵֻߵ麵ǰ߸ŵæǰԼŵϻӵݸ̫
̫򿪣ɢŵεĲ֮УһöͨϾ
ʺġһֱڰзôֽ꣬Ҳýˡ
麶û뵽̫Լ˵һ仰Ȼô£֮Ȼ漰ܱȻǾƷ
е㶣ʶ˿ߵĸ⣬Ȼžܾ̫
̫ȴѾֽ֣ϻ֮еӣ麵䡣
ԭʹһС飬̫ۿ˿ǿС飬ЩȻؿ򸵻⡣
ܿɫֻЦŶ麵ǰΪ࿴˼ҵʱ򣬰һ֪Թ˶ʱգܹóԸպܳþãҲûʲôˡ
̫麵֣ǰܾûӵʵҲֻǿţˣţҲǱֽܹЩԵǣңȻǺΪġӽ·ߵģ۷ţʲô˶̶̼ʮأ̫Щǰ
ǰگ麴û뵽Ȼ̫ǰοԼ
Ϊ̫Ż٣Щ黳¡
Ͼ⣬ԭӦǵмӣ覵¾
֮ǰʢ̫ӵһ㡣
ӸԺ麾ͺмҵĸоˡ
ĸΪڹǣʱǶԼ׺ͣվΪͻʣѵ濪ڴߵ֮УƯҲûйС
گȴֲأ뵽ǰе
ȥʱĲµľԼĸףĸʱ޶ʱ߶ҲǣϣԼ⹬øһ㣬Ȼţ֪һڹУ׸ôȥ
麺˵պ󲻱ٵһˡ
ΪΪ
üᣬҺ쳾ǧ
̫Ϊţż佲һЩӴȶ֮лصе顣
̸Ҳδһֱݣܹ鶼ЩΪ֪¡
治ɫţΪ麰Ϻ
麵棬һֱ̫󽲵Щ˵ʱ򣬸⽫еϺŵУ˾֣ʵôϲЩ
ʱ˯ϲڵУЩڼǰҽǲ˻ȥ
ǰη࣬ÿκҩ͵͵ڶУս˾һɿζ
麵˵ͷͫ˽һ㡣
⿴ˣֿ˵㡣
ǳگ
е㲻ԣñôŹ£»̲ס

һֱͷһͬȥ
ǲڹеУճһƬƵĹ⣬ǰŵģҲҪǰߵġ
ľѸģ뵽ߵҲûʲô
ۣԼʱϵӡ
ɫްƵĵ£ҲԳӨɫ
Щԥ̧ۿ򸵻ʵ֣öӣǲǻգ
գǻû޸˭
ָϵ͵ֻǾãϾֻδɻ飬ھͽҪĶЩΪʱˣԲžǲǲգȵպ˵
ôá
⿿ɫü֮ϣiǡ
á
л˵
Ƶ죬ĺĺδʯТѵġ۶ġƵ졷
ԤƻᣬԤд꣬ǷдȽ̸ͣĽ׶
ллһ·֧~


97 
麴ʱ, Ѿ£һ
ٴҲǵһεü, ֹ麺ϿȻζ
νɱ, Լϡ
麾뼫, ȴ뵽ʱһҹ
֮ǣʼ
ʱѹʱֻУɢ齱, ֱһ飬ĵطһҳ
Ǹʱ, ҲֻǾһҹƣԼ㲻ʲô
ֽ, ʵǸп
⻹ΪԼ, ̧һԼϵ, Ȼ֮ǰ׼õˮ, ˣ
ʶЩԺ
Զ׼ľ⡣
Ц, Ķͷ½Ҫȥ糯ʱ, ˯ЪϢһᡣ
븵صԺѾҹ롣
Ͼ֣òŹ, ԶĽǵƻԻ͵, Ժͥǰˮ, 仨ꡣ
ո¥ĴţǰǴܿɫŴأָԱһױ
֮ǿ麶һ֧㶼ûС
²ŵģ̺ͱ֮ϣвͻ䡣
麳֣ͷ򸵻⣬СʵͲܿ𣿡
ˣʣ˵˵ô죿
һ£ܾö˵
˷¸׵ɫ봰
ڲãһ麾̲סΪһЩߵ㻹˼ᡣ
ΪҴҴӣ̹Ȼϵ´㡣
麶֪ôأʶˡ
Ѿˣ麱һͬţһֱ꣬ǰǡ
鷿һûп꣬׼ǰȥſʱ򣬺ʱ⡣
Ѿкܾöûټˡ
ҲЩȻԺɡ
Ӧǣܿ˸
µۻؾ£ȻǰϾ´˿ȻϾҲ֪£˵µ⼸δڹУסڴǰϵǴլۡС
¾ѾȻ
ֻǻЩš
ϾǰҲʶȴûţ븵йʲôǣ
֮ǰϽҷ̫빫˽ʱ򣬸£ʵǻ
һֱȥܾãʧûϢżۼµʱ򣬻ЩûʵС
ϾǲҹŮŻʺǸλãǼϵ£⡣
ڣȴͻȻˡ
ջ⴦լۡԶط
λĮ˲ܽĻ֣ʼȢˣ麡
֮ǰڸĻ֮뿪ģ˷ٴο㡣
ŻȻǡˡ
֮ǰ麳ϾԻ¶δϳҲϾΪҰ麣
⻰ʵֱӣ£Ȼ˵ͷ
֮ǰѾ˴ŵĴ𰸣ǵߵõȷеĴ𸴣Ǹоһʵ
뵽֮ǰԽͻشߵ飬ȥڴߵ֮УҼֽͻǸʱ򣬰麾Ѿǣ𣿡
ǵ˴ʱЩţϾǸˣǸ⡣
λڹУңңɼġ
ܳһʱãʲô˽ˣҲǳڶŮ˽µˡ
̸Լ
Ҳλ֪֮١
˷ǰԭҲֻȷһ£֪ƽҲûʲô˵ġ
ֻ룬̲סĵʵԵģҵҲöʲôֻǻҪȢĻǱ߱ȻǶԭ޳ȥһţ⹬һ룬ֽŨڹУ˵ûܵЩίܿЩΪá
麶ЦЦֻ㲻صġպ󲻻
ؿ˿ˣĪҪɵ޷ָŻ֣ӣûи֣ҲõģȻѡ·ĪҪˣӣңЩ飬벻ġ
֪Ϊã漴͵պҲһͬڹС
ԼĶ䣬ȻãſĿİʵ㣬˵ʲô
סڹеĵۺֻҲδš
һֱڣЩȻʶǰλǰĻãλʢµζʲô
׳ϣô꣬ȴܸԸΪЩ
ǣ֮֮
кã˽ôʱϾǵ飬󲻹µôղϾǣҶǼβˣʱ¾ùͷ
һ̸ֱʱǣ麽͵⣬׼ظʱͻȻԶ˻
ֻ̧ۣϴʱվһԣѾãʱϴЦ
ܹǼˣϴսĸãڼˣſվŵļūԸòĸҽȥǵӴˣһҲ
麵λĸ棬ֻʵĸǰʲôҪ𣿡
æӦУеġģ֮ǰһֱ⣬ĸҲţڰ麸ոջؾĸģȻҪǰƵģǰּ˵һҰһأΪʲô£ǰĸҲˣǱ¶ŰʵǿأԲջ
˵߶߶ģǰ򣴨լ飬ҲţʵڲǸ£۲ʶ̩ɽ?¶ʶͻ˰£³ҲʵӦã
麲ϵķУֻ뵽ǰԼȷĶ࣬Ŷڵ϶ЩҲЩӡ
صĸлֱ˵
ϴ˴֣ЦڲǻصϾô¾ֶ԰ôأҲɵλãҲˣӦǨʱˣǰѾˣ㲮Ҳ¾ɣǻһְλʵЩᣬԽǰ밢麺ú˵˵¡
ĬƬֻ̣ص֮£ҲԤĸɡ
̲סü˶εȻ°麲ÿڣĸ߻мý΢ӦҲģպȻҪڹеģиҲûʲôã硪
ء
麴ϵĻһԵĴͻȻϢĳ麵ߡ
Щһ
麵Ϳ͡
ӦǣƬ֮㷴Ӧ߳ŭǣֽ϶쵹ˣôݣѲɻΪԼܵʡ
ĻסޱصϵѨ
ȻƽؿڶϽ͵λ˲֪
˵ʺλãֻڹ벻롣
ңôڵһֵˣǱ¡
Ͼ۾ɴˣֻʵؿ˿麣ָס˴صӡ
ϱȥѵӶץˣϾһλϾͷĹ󸾣ֽ٣ʵǶ
ձµּ⣬ÿһλǰùίˣñȥú÷ʡʡ
⻹ָɣŮۣٲޡ
޵ĵڶԴϣز֪ĸû麾ίǶڹ飬ɴɱҲܷŹ
һôţһȥ
л˵
һ½βл֧~
0v0


98 
µ۽ͻȻϳ, вٹ˽͵͵ţΪʲôҪ¡
˺ܾãҲû׼, õǼλ֪, ԴʱԶ˼, վ˵Уˣ۹۱Ǳǹġ
λ¾ȴǰԵۣҲͰ, Ҳĥ׼ģڳЩ
ҹһ, ڵվһſλòµ̧ϸ̨
Ҳ֪ǲȺϺͿˣվȻµ۵, һ˲Ц⡣
ҲֻƬ̶, ÷·Ǳ˵Ĵ
λµʱΪ˳Ƶ, һ޿ָժ, Ψһ˵ЩõĴţȥʮһ麵¡
ֻǵǲ֮ǰķҧһ, Ҳδ֪
˵²죬±ϾûжۣҲƽϢˡ
Ҵ˷µ۰뾩, Ϊ˶ϳ֣ôҲǵλʲôģ
Ͼĵһ糯ڹҲ̧ͷ࿴ʲô, ֻҴһ۾͵, ˳ԭء
˳, ݴʷҶϳýʲôĴ¡
ֻ˻СȫʤǷҪӹٽƣЩ鸵ǽ˾ֻ赭д
ҲһЩ£֮ǰ˻ݵʱ͹ӣʮоŷȫǹʥġ
Ӱ˵˵һѣ⿴еһֳֻ࣬ʵջҪô
Ⱥؿ˿վŵĹƬ˲ƵصȻѾ£ǹ½Ҳ˵һ¡
ԭµΪôһ仰ٿĿʾ⣬ǲµҪ˵ʲô¡
Ѳļұˣ
ôգϾǼƽ޲˸µƤӵǵģһǰȥگܵڿ죬λ²֪ǵˡ
ԣôһ仰ٽ䣬ϸš
ТδţʺѡҲնˡ
һ仰ƽףըȺ֮С
һԵԹټӯæǰ޵ƣɼҵֽ֮ѾнԺ֮ȴʼˣ˽Ϊʵǲףڱܹô룬ǱٺòˡЩ׼ѡ飬һеԺȶΪء
λ´ճƣ˵˼ҶӦʵĺԹȻⲻӯ
лţԶ߾һˣܹ˲ɡ
һԵҲͬʾԽӵԼǣҲΪձֽͣԺʵǲףϾиҶвŮδл䣬Ӧ֮Ϊҳ档
ӦڣߣļҹŮʵġ
ЦЦϵֱֳָ䣬֧ӣʱվڵеĹ
ô˵ңѾѡˣ
⻰˵ϴЦϤĹ֪ɫʱ򣬴඼Щ鲻ݡ
Լģȴֲݣĥʲô
վڵеĹиĹҵģٶʺǸλá
ֻǰڸ⻰ʵζҲû˸ҵͷ
оĬƬ̣ǰëԼǾǴǰĴ֮һϡ
ʵҶ۴Ͻͷ
ȻΪ˵µڸԼŮ·
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Ϲ飬˷ǰֻǼһһλСŮѧǳҲʫ飬ֻԸСŮΪǽѣ̷ԡ
˵Ȼǡ
ϵôһҧô˽ȵˡ
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ôڹٳⷬ˵ȲأҲǸ⵱ѡĻλǶ֮С
˵ôһоƬ̡
вٳ͵͵Ÿɫȴûʲô
ĬƬ̣Цϵ̴鱻Ű棬δ˵УΪ룬ϧˣ·Ҳֻһʡ
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⻰˸Ҵ磬ڳվԭأǾĬ
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ܺ˵⻰һƽԵĳЩҧԼͷ
Լ࣬һ̴顣
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¾˵ۣҲպϵԣȴֻֽǣһ֡
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аٸнԱĹ˴˴麣ֶŮϲϲ£˴ˣʧ֪Ǹţ
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ԭĬĳ֮ʺǹ͹֮У֮˽һӾӿ
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˼⺬ЦˣƺǾЩЦ´˲ᵱΪ£ںɣ
ʲôݣȢʲôʱֵõˣ
ĮߴҴӹˣԭȰĳ
ĵس򥣬Լеֳƻϡ
ڳ´˷˵Ļ˳Լǰ˾췣
ºò׺ˣݲ˵һ䲻֡
µڳеôһ˿ûε˼³֮֮ʾʹϾǡ
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ԵҲ޴ӵ֪ΨһԿ϶ǡ
λŮɫµۣԴǰλʮһ
ԸҲԸֿɵõ档
ԹٳԲͱµ𷣡
̻

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ྵĸ룬˰ѹӣƲƲ죬ֻԼŲڲˡ
ֵĺֳͯ˸ӣǸʵˣǰԫ̰īǮ黹ڣҷ˲٣ڲΪôһǮ̵Ļǳͣսڸߡ
ݻһֻ֣ǰһʱǧ̨ȥ¥գƽ¥Ҳҵ
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ٴҹΪԼңж׼ĵԡ
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ֻⳤݵĳԶԶվͥǰ
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һ۾;衣
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ĺķϣ̴ζȾ麵ĸ̧֪˳Ƶָֽ䣬ʮָۡ

Ϊá
վǰҿݶġ
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23.2.23/
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ܱҿҲң븵ĹܱʶµĿͷٳԸҲܼȫȴĶĸˮա
궬ѩһֱһϣһ泤þá
ϣıҲһֱƽ˳죬ϲǡ
52лһ·֧֡
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