Ȣ䡷
ߣ

İ
µ۵λ̫ӵʸ
ӭȢ
˶Ц̽Ȣ˸ʶֵ큸Ů
ྴ硰
һ۲ŷ
ȢͼҲͼ
ǰɵ
ּҳıߣҽҩ
ԴӰ٣ȫҽͺ²
ǹŮ󲻵õ̽ɶӦٰ
ܿ£Ȣ
ڵͷӦ
ԴӼ޸ۣÿҹ
ЩΣʱ飬ʱȫͬ
μ
һӣʮͷ㲡
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ðޣ̽˭Ҫ˭Ҫȥ
ʾ60%½𲽵ݼ
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3.൳룬
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ݱǩ լ  ɳ
ؼ֣ǣѣ  ǣۡӡ椡顢½ԥһ  
һ仰飺׺μǰ
⣺¸ѡ¸ҳеؿ

vipǿƣ
ԴӰٺͺ²ϡǹŮ󲻵õ̽ɶӦٰȢڵͷӦޣԴӼ޸̽ÿҹμ۶ӡһӣʮͷ㲡ǰи·֮̽Ů֮ʵǰɵأðޣ̽˭Ҫ˭Ҫȥ
ΧŮĳɳ̡ͻѡչŮϣֹۣ۴˳澳ֱģ¼תʡ


1 
ѹһգҶѽӷϼԺǶǲס
˯巿š硱һƿ
Ӣɨһ۴ϣŤͷһۣʱˣôй
ӣҽˣв𡣡϶ܴ˯ĶзӰ
̵űڴϹµǲ
Ÿһµ·ŵǣǳǴͷӶɢˡ
ӢֻԼϣһѰӱϳױǰ
ҪģӣϽʰʰ
۾þöû
ϷŴ뿪ݣȥˡ
ѾǰһһߣȰǲܵͷֳһ磬մˮͷ˳ӡ
ͷŨܣžҪžʱ˵ķʽ治ס
Ӣ쿴ͷͷ
ԭǷˣۿݲͬҪ׵Ĺңͷţûһ˳
ǽд̸ˣ
ôҲͷ
Ӵһ±ۣסԴг
ͷСѾߡˡعڵϣˡ˵Լһ´ʵˣָջӳ㱻һѴס
ԲۣŴ죬ıһģһ
Ѿϸ׵ϸָӡ
Ӣ춼һ
һˣǲġ
ˣ˵úܡ
ǣϵλ£ٰС¡
±ǽСʵ۵ĴǣʵĽʣصĹء
پūͷ
ĵִУԭȾǸ֥С١ִһ·ңǨ
д¸նִе¹ְûլƱ˲١
լԭ̵ģִ¡ֻаһŮլµ¥Ȼ
ոս˷ܵҹﶼ˯žǽͷס˭Ӣ쾾סݺݴ£ɲһǽͷ
۳žҪʮģⳤӣƤøƵģԺô˵żң
һҲûԼ˾ǾͲһѾ߹£Ƭ̣ꡱЦʲô㣿
Ӿʹû
иЩģѾȥ
ӢŸյ˰ңҲ֪ӦԣֻܱסϽͷ
ʣµѾͷʹɴԼùӣᵽһ볶һʹڻҺ
֣ӿڰͷϣûصٻˮ
סԴӢҪ̣Ұգٻˮζ
ٻˮǷ̫ɹ˾һɳҶζϲЩ
ѾͷǶǴӷլģƽնٻˮ˵ҪٻˮվסŸ֪ô
ʣǲǸĨͷͣ
ǾͷͣסᣡӢһСѾͷϽݵֱߣֹŸȡ
ӢָˣԺ󲻺μңһʱס
ֻĬˣٶˣһˡ
Ѿͷְ˽ҪסһϣҪ𼦶
ѾͷԭĹٸϵū澣ļͣԭء
Ӣһʱӹȥһ£ڰСžһ졣
β˵ա
ʵϣѾͷͨͷ
ǰʵˣѾͷӸҴ
ǼǸʲô⾰ġ
ջŨҲδסеζ
գҴˣ٣үǶӪæլ̷ֻ˺ʹ
Ƿ򣬻䣬ٲҪŵġ
ô˵̷ֺֻۣˡ
̷ˣҪȻū澵¶ðɣһѾ߲²Űϲãԣ¶õЩҲ͡
Ӣͷ
û¶ϣǴգŨõҪš
°ϲбҲû¶ġ
ŵǰһЦˣ¶ٻˮǿö࣬ڿʰġʨͷ
Ѿ߼ϲϸϸ˵ͷҲףԺϴͷǾޱʹ꣬û¶ݣӾˣͷˡ
Ӣͷʲô
ݡ
Ժڹרͷ
ѾһԣлѵģҲлױġ
Сͣʵ˴䣬úöǸ˼խС䡣
ɫСѿ׵ȹŵмִˡ
СѾͷȡһͬɫı°ףżֻ۵õġ
ηҡ֣Ҳ
ӢƣԽԽЦиˣܼˡ
أʹ¸Ҳõģ
ͷĳ£һһӣǴģҲʵ㡣ڻ֪˵óԷ£ȸԤˡ
Ӣ˵䣬Ҫüͷһ壬ᡰСְסǡ
һֺ֪ͷˣϽȥ̣ͷ
һµĳͶ٣ӢһֱǿţΪˣ˭ͷʹ
լˣҲˣɸôûһͷ
սִӪıڳſڽӣһϻһԿףӰûš
﷿ִֶ࣬ҹѹѹһƬ˳밲ԺҪ⣬ôܲͷۡ
סָָ΢΢ӢŶͷǺЪЪգ¶ܡ
ͷһ취ҲûУֻܿܶͶ
Ӣ̲סҪЦ¶ˣ𣬰Ŷ֪ʲô
ӢЦְüͷ֪۵һﶼġ
ֲӣֲˣӻСֻܶϡ
ͦŴƱУǹܼԭҲܹѽ
ӢŶͷֆһĶһأ
ڳʱִйСּҾסֵķСԺǳǳļӣһͣӣѾߡ
Ӣһͷ磬ɰܡ˵ǹܼңе⣬ץҩˡ
һĺԺû¥ǰԺ
ʲôѵġһ㲻ţºڡ
Ӣ⻰ͶֱʵûٸʶʶҲãֲ㣬ȰٰѷˣҺЩ˵
СѾϽȷ󣬷Ӣ¡
ӣ¥
Ѿ߻Źأ֪òøֻݣһ̸ϣ¼͸
߳ţŤͷһƣһѾͷúЦָϽסܼңñסඣ
ֲ˵Ӣ캦ͷ磬Ϊôá
ץҩš
һʣжˣ
ֲҲ𲻳ϻӣóһ룬ôࣿ
ģջü򥣺ȫгա
˼׳ģ滨̧ǰһڣϱīֽ⡣
լ˰ŮųУִһɨԼʮˡվڰֱզ࣬ԺҪô˰
ٸֲһһ֡

ʱϲյ
ӹȥģϼڣģжǰٱ͡ᡢкγԭļЧǮ
иҳѵģͶá
˵ŤͷӵȥѰľ
ľǳʱľӡ
ԭԽԽ죬ҪٹᦣӪգ۾ǵҪľʲôã
ûת䣬żһǣǲò
ĸӪ͵ôĸӪľ
ʮУǱǣū͡ҸսҩţµģֻǸʮ۵Ĺң⶯Щ͵Ū˼
ۼôһֲ֣˵òˣѡЩõģµĻȥܸ˰׳á
ʱվֱˣĻа֮ġ
լкܿͷֲóڳȵСˣȥһŵҩ̣ҩ
һ룬ӸϽ͵Ժȥ
Ӣҩ룺ǰͷʲôˣû칬ɣ
룬˵ڹܼҰգʵڲ
˵ء


2 
Ӣҩ˯ֱ˯ѣһѱϷʳ
ͷ磬ϵĳʳ嵭伸СˡԼûԣʰأʲô
ݻػ̷˷ģǰͷš˵ţҪⷿᡣ
Ѱ˵úæʵǰҪ⡣
˵ʲôݿʣǳԾ²˵ʱó²˴ٿ⴮ԡ
Ӣ֪
£ʮѡʮµ˸ӡΪһ飬˵պ󷽱
һʱʮ˵סӣõǮҪѣͶиˡ
ЩѾͷǣҲǹټҸгģҲ̫̫ι£
һּҹ¾ͰլԺʰ³̡
˵ҪԾ²⣬û˸˵
Ϊϲ˾²ֺһϡ
ױʳеԺžӢһƿиǣ̣~~
ͣٹϾ²˼ڣϹһˣʳһƣݶζøӢԡ
ӢﵭúܣСֲֲûһζƼ²ֺвθڴ󿪣롣
ߵѾͷǸϽУңûǲ˱Ҫ峦ؼٵĹء
ŲӣӢ죺Щ㹻ˡ
ӷֳһһŮÿҳϻдŴ֣Ӣʣʲô
˵ıŰбеݣϾмϣˣʱܲӡ
«Ժʲô¶㡣
һ׮׮ӢļҳģǰǮôģҲˡ
Ǯ٣·üףӢ
Ӣ쿴ӣֿǲ²֪ôܸɣ㡭ô뵽ģ
ôһ㶼أ
ô뵽ѽӪＸǧıŷӶܹۼŶ˰
ӢЦϻٿ־һ·ӳݵǣ׾¶ˡ
㲻ò
üë۾ӡ죬ȫǱ׼˵ʽ
üŨβ壬ڰ׷һ˫Ŀͷ΢΢⡣
ϲģҲһ۾֪Ǹ񣬼ˡ
ӢпŮɣһɨɫմżͻһţ͵
ͷŻǱһ¡
͵Զò죬ŸѾˡҪ߶գĲӣЦ̾׻Сԡ
ɲԼ̰찡ǸͰԤġҲ͵ô崮ѡ
ǲԣϻҪ񡣡ʱӽۣĲԸ
ǵ£ѾгջˡʱڣǲףЦ˵˵˴հͷһԣоջܻѰĻԴģһͺˡ
ٲȻǰĴѾͷ
ؽֻһִһǿ׳ģǸø롣
Ӣ֮ǰ°ѹסЩǹټҸгѾͷǡ
Ҳˣܡ
żģλȰڳ
ʰӺĵһ£ǰ׵λڳ
¯ĶðģҲǵĵĹӡ
ĹأʵĶҪλǰһڣֵܷ
̸λҲ
ռһϵֻŮҲ˵׸׳ʵĺŮ
һ̸Ů
ǰˣӢɷҲûˣ˱һĺԺסţʣµĻӦӡ
Ӣͷ۲źЩʱȥ㡣
ϣλѾǵﳤʲôˡ
Ͻ˵˵
ˣ˫ֺʮ˼һﰡֳ˼硭⡭ҵıҲԽʹԽˣ
ϵһֺñ޷Ů̸Ů
Ӣǰ˵ˣѰһź£ԵС
λȦϻؼӻǰҲ֪ͷûԿࣺнҲġ
˵࣬һĨ᣺մ̸յơ
Ÿһⷿ
һֻֻ򿪣˿ĭ
ŴۣҪ̾ݣ±ݿЦֻܵͷЬ⣬Ŵյ߲С̾öӰ
ˣ
ô󣬻δôС
ЩֹͣЩǺ𸻻͵
ּլӵ̣լۼҾȫͣߵϣҲ͸ּҡ
ִֻӪıǳš
ЩĶͼǵƵʱ֡
Ȼͷʮ㣬ʲôõĶҪϸֻ߰ӷûˣֻԺ
Ӣģʵľ͵гױ
ûæִ꣬лˡ
ܳȥӭӣȹܵ÷ɿ죬ӣû˸Ľų̡㴭סŵӣѾͷһ˭Ҳڱ۰䡣
ܵűߣ
಻ĺӻôëըըġ

ִзŲ㲻š
ǰҲˣСǣȲȽ˸˾ְү
ִн˾ǾһֱӪУլ˶ˣɻûү
Ƽ롱һֱȻСѾͷôˣ
ϲɹڵģվڵ¶ԵðףһȦȵ߼ͷˣ
ޣ־ҪСӣһСˡ
һ֣֪ͷһסĸ첲о²ֺУпء
֪үˣⱸ¾ƵˣԸģͷը١
ִ´̾һǹӡ
Сʱһ㰢⣬Լʲݵģ̫ʵȫﲦ
ִЮžͳˡ
ȵԺȥӢ졣
ĸӼ棬ӢȦһ죺㡣
ݵʵʵͷ
Ӣϸ˺ˣҲˣЬӣû
ЬӢֻҪпվЬӸӡСԺһЬӣżҲлǰӴֶܲܵ
Ȼûյ᲻ģͷˣǺҽŴˣˡ
ӢĽŴģͷӵĽţѾˣøߡ
ҿҲˣࡣֱȻһ¡
ǿɲÿɿءʱţһӣӢ뵽ӵ¡
αصͷȥѰأ
̸أǰͷԾƣ˵žʹӵǰ档
һ˸꣬һԷ
ӪͷһǣüһûƼʹжɣһһСҫ
ûӣ˶֪СʵҪɱүүϷʱСܱϭġ
˵СʵݼŮɫһҪһѡ
ǵûУڴţ˵øƵġǽʳΧסûܻ׽Сʵۡ
Сʵһѻ˳Ӣֱҹֻս˹ǡ
Ϊ⣬Ӫķͻûء
Щ΢죬סʣػأ
Ӣ쿴Ӵһ˵ͣ΢΢Цˡ
Ҫףöá
ִҲڿŮҵʱȸߣ겻ͷˡ
ͷ⣬ִһھƣ¾յӢЦѾкüң˵ˡ


3 ϣ
Ȣ

ǰʱյ䣬жѩ
˲֪Էɣÿ껨ʱḮܻժյѡ
ֵʢʱժۣء
۴󲡳ɫ΢ףżʯභ̤ǰ档
С׷·̱¯ϣһҹмߣ˭Ҳҳ
֮ǰȻڣлס˵ĺϷ˼ûȥ
һҪȥ
ȵսȣӵĲãǾֶڰ²⣬ѵԤҪɥǿǵ˺ֵ
һ̤ϣйûҶ߽游鷿ڡ
鷿̼裬ҡϣϸһë죬б¯ôֹǡ
ˣ΢΢ס
۸Ҫ游ĳ
Ĳಡ齶ʱľҶ
ͷƿȼ̵Ѿ
۸Ͻ裬ˮ͵游ڱ̵߽
ҡͷã߸ȣȡһֽ㡣
ҵ²ˣЩѡеģԼһ
һѩ˼ϣ֡
ۻǵⳡ̸Ҳǵ游ΪѡּŮʱȫȻ游Ŀġ
ȵ׹ҲѾ·
ļĬȻһ죬³Ǽ·ߣ֪
̧üһǴǹٻ硣˾԰ɱü̫ƽ
ڶݷŻ
ۣѡһա
游֮ǰûͨ游Ļɥܿ
ֽӹֽ㣬ɨһ飬ϵֲС
ʵطѡϣ游ѡˣЩ˺ǱᣬپӼƷбʡ
ٿһΣҲѡ
ѡּҡ
ľһۣӻףˡ
ӣضݣͷǴСõѡŵƷò飬֮ϡ
ֽϵˣԵҲֻۣŵڣûһ䡣ﱲμ˲ģҲֻͷ
ԭѹȢĸԸȢ
ˡ
ۿеףһʱףǵ꣬游֮ǰ˸ӡ
ĸ˳Ц̽ȢŮϲɣ׷游һġ
סӵ֣ȥ֮Щ˸ô򷢻ϼҵľͻϼңõá ʹһʹҪҪࡣ
΢һ䣬ϱ游˵
Ҳȷ游ԣˡ
֪գ㲻Ӧԡ
ɻʵ۸ǰ̽ʲôãٶˣʦˣͬɢľ֧
ҪšͽȻһ̾
۷ס游֡
۴һػ٣һ۾ͻصҷƮҡʱ̫źҪֲ
游ʲô¶죬Ұա
ιҩ游˯£Ŵ鷿г
治֪ʱִ֦ҡ׶ɡӣ¯ӰգҪ
۽ӹ¯̵úܣֹ̣һȾɢ
ʱУȥ·ȴߵü
˿棬ȥһμ˳ü¡
ʮ̽ʮıְţʮϡ
ûĽ֢ôҹһ絶࣬ʱܾһˡ
۳üĿת¶ȥ
ʮĵиáߴή
ۣصδʱ
ԽԽײҴߴ٣С̺ӣƽҲЦ䡣عӲ֮ƢˣüĿЦ
Ϸ˺ͷ˶˵Ǿ£дҷ緶ˡ
ֻ̺֪б仯ȵĲ裬ԵĲˣﴩѣѬ㶼ͬˡ
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ڷеȶӣһţվôꣿϽСѾϽ죬յ裬
ֻͷлգѹ䡣
˭֣̫ӵˣ
ӹȥһ˻¶ɤӣ۽ƹȥͷǲѾˣ
ˣ˵Ҳˡ
үۿ׳ϱǹ٣лͣıεвǮǿȫ塣
ңǴҡ
ﲻصģͷలˡನƽµδʮ궼ɵʣôװ
۲ŵοǰͷ£˶š
˱͸ںլ̫ƽ
游ȥ˵ʲôΣЩôүүΣԭвүûˡ
һ˶үʱ֡
游ȥۻµġ
ɫһϲϣҲ֪ҪɱͷҪš
һ·ȥұܼųҵİ
ҿԱˡ
˵һңѡٰ졣
ּ̫ҡδλȷʵǹ̫䣬ֱȥ̫£רܾ
ּң̶̰꣬ޱ˿Ҳûĸּң
Ǵ˷½ģּҡ
ˣ¹
󲻹¹Ź
̫䣬Ʒ١ԼĶ̽ǰ;ǰͷʲộּҡԭǸ޹ְ
Ϊӱ´ӵ£ӲסҧۼҵţԻúý̵ܵҸ
һҲûԥͷӦǣȻĸףҺܷġ
Ȼǲϵòˣֻǵϲīμзĸ׾üء
ϧ粡ʣҲûһŮ
ϲʵʱĸ׺ġ
˼ɫ糣Ϊģڼơ
Ľ˷Σ˼ƢӲŸպã򲻿ٹˡ˿ȰԼҲܡ
̫ϧˡ
۵ͷס֪ĸ˵ϣֻһĻ⼸귢¡
ӭȢ֮ͳˡΪȵʱӵջλһֱµΣòãĹ
òͶЧĳְš
̫Ӻʮ꣬ʮͻ
ָʮӦʼѧ˵ˡ
óһƣͷ
Ľ㶼ʵڷŲ£ʹͨͨ˼
ĸ˵ʲô۲⡣
Ȼ˵ˡ˵ʱ˷ŻΨִ¡
ۻȻѾܾû뵽֡
Ȣ֮ʱʱ壬ϲ֮ûˡ
㣿㷽û𣿡
Ǹͨ뷨ӣĸײصġ
һʱԣӦǼϲϵѽ
δףҲֻ߸ʽˡҪΪظТѾţţףֻҪһƤ
У̾ϢҵˣҲҡ
ҺãҺûףҪȻҪĶ
裬ҹˣĸ׻ȥЪϢͣٸĸĸ밲
լ˻̶̻գֶԭĹ켣ӡ
£첲߼ֻͷһ۶ӣͼӻűߣͷ֪˼ʲô
ԭȲϲôΪ˸ĺء
˵ѾߣС۳ģһͷɺ۸ģհ̽ʡ
ۼĸתȽǣŻط̣ĥī
ҲôôҪ£ֽ̺ĥīһ̺
ȥŹϡ
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۳һ֧Ǻϸʣģϸϸдֽϡ
ֻɫȰ׷ͣʣɨһ飬ϵԱߣдһС֡
ʮôȥ


4 ۻ
Ҫȥ¸ƣȴ
ⷿĶû꣬ѾƯ̲ס
̻˵ôˣݸʰδСʹ˶۵ģҲֻһԶֻС
Ÿ«ͷôصĶڶϣ
ǻ
ЦˣǽŴģƽòϡ
ѽ«ڻȥץһֻݳ档
ýӴ벶۾Ƕűʯڵ°Ū֣˼
յƵй䣬ðָš
ͷʱʱҪŷЩ
Ųأʲô£м˱µġ
Ҫţҹ˴󹦷ǾޱͰѰͷû¶ݣһѬͷһӰͷֱ
ôϸµĻƣû¾ݽ֡
Ҳˣ˵ǹѾͷ˵ǴС飬̺˵ĻƣЩᡣ
۲ͣһĸѾѰùǴ
ԭʲôͻʲô¡Ųݳӻ˯ѬţҲɰ׵׶ģ϶к
ȫǺרõġ
ů棬ֻѾӻε
ڵģѾͷҲɿ
ƽЩӵ־ûĹˣпҩ̣ԲŸô֣ꭳӾҩġ
ݴ󺵣ӻĳ·ɢˣӹյ˵Ѿͷӽּ𣬾ԺҪݣҪҵֲľǸϡ
Ǿ͸Աгײٸġ
ǸͣԼرݵѾͷбݡ
ȥǸн㣬˶һģֻǶһͬ˼죬˼ˡ
˽ˣѱȥĽݶ
ſڴϣݻƸͷβĨϵ¶Ѭ˶ġ
㵨ôôСһͷҪԼݶ
ݶҴ𻰣㿴ûһ𷣵˼˵ԭ̺Ĺء
ݶյǶʱ첲һһģСϻо˺ء
һˣԭҿֻ̣Ǽҳ㷹
ԭʲô
ݶҡͷ˵ɢɢˣο໹˵˻
ֻһգﴮЬϵӣһ洮һޣһ㲻⣬ҪԷ
أЩѾ£
ͷϲЩ򿪵ϻӣ԰ɡ
һֻܺ˵ģɸǱ࣬üҲǽųŵġ
Ծʲôܺ棬ʲôóԣʲô棬֪
ѾͰԼ֪ĶԭҲŲŲʶû࣬ûʲôöġ
ǲҶģһƣﲻԣž˲ʡ
ģĵ죬ʱɿüͷЩһҪ̫ƽء
ǱƤڵС⽣ֻ״ӣȡ֣һףǨ֮ϲǴҶиϽ̫ƽ
³ʳǱ룬һ
Ҫ˯£⼸ߣǣھˡҹ̺
˶ˣĴһµ˲ɵⴲѽԭڳ˯񴲣ǿ֨֨졣
Ǵ̹
ԺǲǾ͵ǧСˣʣǲǾ͸
סӻԶԶһ忤أ忤幫ˡ
ָͷģɵѽ㣬ôܱȡ
ԭ˵ģ𣿡ҲǮսּҵʱ򣬺żͼǮЩһʮǮ
òǵʮǮһ̼ҼƽǮʱʱޡ
ʱʱޣҲȰǮ
ǹǮ㻨Ǯû׼ҪñӣҪһϽ«ޡ
ҲǮҪǮݡ
ŹûɢǮȥԺֵģż˴һռǮЩСǶСųԡ
ʱºڣպ󷢴ˣҪܶܶóԵģܶܶǮ
Ȼˣѹ˵ˣЩ궼û㻨ǮһβϣԺÿһһӵ֬Ǯء
ʮ־ʲô֬ܲһӡ
أ
ҷĴѾߣһǮ͵ۿӣЦֲЦ֪ˡ
ݲģôҲǮ
˽ٲһǮǮ˰ɣ
ˣϽѴóһ룬ð˯м䡣ӰѰͷ˯ɢˣͷ
žʹյߣ˵ҷŸүƵʱ̷˵ˡ
˵ʲôˣһŤͷɢӸϽ°ͷ
ү˵ųкü˵ء
գգ۶¶С߶첻λ߶
סʱҲɥȢҲûߣ˭𣿡
үҪ˵̷˾͵ˣûš
ӱȰС꣬磬ʱӾ޸ڵ硣
綨£ӻ޹һء
԰ӾϹ룬綼ʮˣӲʮôء
û磬ǰֵ磬ӵˣǾ͸²Ƶģһһ绻
Ҫ
ѱסá
Լʡ
Ӣڵ¸Ŵ磬ҪЬ϶ߣ̧۶ӣ̷̽ڸ࿴ˡ
ž飬߿ͷ࿴ʲôҪСŮ
˵ٺЦˣСĹҪŮˡ
ҴˣȻ࿴ǰͷ̵ˣҪһֱڳݣöˡ
ǿɵҸƤʵģǸˣ˿ɾһӡǱӵĺܣС󣬲֪Թٿ
̷ѡûУҵ̽һ̽
㡭Ҫ˵ˣأҪʲôģӢ췽⶯ô˵ָ˼
֪ѹûϡ
ҲǿľͷǾûԵ֡
Ҫúõġ˵˻ѻż˹˵ʳˮһͷҲڲסÿ
ţ͵Ҫš
˵ͰһЬףϡ
ÿʲôðǹҪĲǺÿӢ켱ˣ˵ˣǰĶÿ
˵СĸⲻÿСǷᣡ
û˵ÿҪÿ죬ģͻݵġ
ǰƵģӢˣӾϲģǸȷʵûԵ֣ס
̾Сӣû
ڶ찢ѹͼӱͷ
ŵͷɢˣһƨɣҪ´ݴţˮǰ
Ƽ˯棬ֻû
Ѿ۵׶к˿ǣҹʲôˣ
ءͷĳ£Щϳߴ硣
Ҳҹģ۾
ݽһۣЦӦǡ
ҹһ㱧·̸̴ֵ޻Ƕ˯̸Ҫů͵öࡣ
ݶڴĬĬᣬżҪĵѹžͼݶڿޡ
ôˣѵǮ٣
ԭ̺˼ҶּҸǮȻҲࡣ
ݣԭŶӵǮǼĴѾߣʲôãǮʲôã
Ǯ黨֪ĸѹȥˡ
ݶ˵ء
ּҹƣҪǽһͺˡ
ݴ˸ԿһŰó񣬰ѹѸˣĶúùӰա
ҹĺõѶ
ҪµѽղģǵգѾŪɾˡ
Ҫģϲӣߴ£ģͷǿ
ӢҲԸҪȹѶſЩԺ󵱼ױ
أӢˣʣ̣ǲ˵ˣ
һݶ㶼̧ͷûĸҹ˵ô׵Ļ
װ˶͡ӢһۣʶˣҲˬͷţڸ࿴ء
ִŮѰһź¡
ӢҹʶӵĻʰһ顣
ԭҲûավֱӣϵ˿ȹһͬɫӡ
̸£򰢱˵͸ѡ廨Ƶġ
˿룬˲õ
£˵һҪÿġ
Ӣ㷭ۣãʤãҪÿġ
Ůÿ˲ã
ǣ˾Ͷʡ
Ӣ챻ҭסֺޣһԴϡ


5 
ﻹأȳһʻӣӴ㰴಻סƿһ͵
Ҳ뾩ȣòֲͬ
ڳеɫǽ컧
һ¥ֻ֬꣬㡣ɶţֶʳ̷ݣζըζ
һ˵ôЩ̶Ű
ŵڳߣǸʱûһҿŵģѾ½࣬иհգͶˡ
Ҫˣ»ʻҪǼ죬֮ǰÿŰڳ̫ƽʢľ
Ƕģһӽ
ʱҪӷ֡
ҡͷˣԾݼǰûǸŹõģôܶ
ץݣס͡
ӿݳԣųˡ
ƽߴߴڳϿϡ棬ɿڳﲻҲסһǮжһǮӣ
ðСӿŽֱСģǮ£ӽ
һϥϾֻ֣һֻ˹ģһޣһ۽Ĳ⣬Ӹųߡ
ģͺöࡣ
ǸͼҲ
Ҫȥ𣬲Իȣϵ̫ƽ࣬صġ
ݲģܱȵӸһ֣ͬ˵¶
ѳԵСʢӵƤˣˮմʪӣ߰ţмҰӺóԣ֪ûС
ҲüûôùˣӢ쿴ֻ۱ֻۣʡ
˵һ
ǰҲ
ִҲȥӣ£ֲҾõֽ궨Ҫլӣֽֽ
ʱһոǱҲ
ϲõո
ȶ£ҲִȥģƫƧľЩе̵˼ңµ㳤ƹ
ȶڳɽϣִкͺǰں棬յűߣسŵıƼˣϽѳǵһ
ּС
Ǳ˾ȫײȻʶִС
ǰһˣһСѾȺʱ
ѾͷƿС ôͣסˡ
С˵úͷľүȹ
˵õȹѾϽӣˡ
ˣ΢֪̾ˣǵһȰա
ҲڳУ󲡷ĸײ磬ڳбĿԲۡ
ⶼһʱģҪ佫»ǵĳ
Ѿ߻껰۹۱ǣǹģҶ࿴һۡ
Ӳ֮˶ˡ
úÿԭѾǱ㰮ƣ֮Ѿͷǻ֪ҪӣСѾͷǶ࿴ۣ֮ģ˽֮
ӴӲϣҲǡ
ɽɨ԰СѾӲһ£̱ˣ˵Ź鷿ȥʮӡ
̣Ƣ
ӲӣͷˬҲˡ
ҡͷ¹أӴ鷿˶飬Ҳͬ鷿һ¡
ҹû˯ư֪鷿дЩʲôëʶûһ֧
峿ȥʰֻֽ̿ңһīɫûƼֻ౦϶ֻԿ׵ϻӡ
Щ£һҲ͸¶
Ҵ̽Ӿдʲô
һ˵һųǣʻٵϣ˲̾ǵ
οǼѾǺõˡ
Ȼ֪
򽨰žǽ̷˾ʱ˽üͷš
ʶӣͨˣ
۵ͷѾʹͨȥˡ³ΣЩǮµӺùЩˡ
ɿĵԼĶӣȻǵεġ
һǣҪƥ濡ӣܰﶼڻ¡
ûװӢãۣдȹģҿң
ûװһοԼ»ա
»ôʱ򣿡ҲֻӲʳÿڡ
벻⣺忤ôŰգͻʱġ
˵ȹһָͷ
룬ͷ
򰵺ţֻ֪Ӣȴ֪ģСľ֣ÿζһǮ
ӻػض䣬ɻػԡ
ѾߴëʲôʱܸģӢ־ͷʹȥúú˵˵˵˼ҶŮģҪѰһ
ܵѧһĹء
ͣɽţȶµɽȥɽл
ȡñϣŰ̧ͷɽСֱ¡
ҲƳˣһЦˣڳϵŰգѶӡ
лϥһѰӣɽϱɽҪЩҸﱸ˼ҪǴˣ͸ϡ
һҲ䣬׳ԼɽģִаŮˡ
Ӣһһϵİӹȥӿүҡҡͷ
Լɽ˼ƫƫֻŻϡ
ɽ´ɫŨɽ
ˮľɪݺ䣬ñƿ㣬Ӣһʵš
ҡһŵȶǰ
֪ɮһִϿŵ˵Ҫ㳤ƵģϽȥ
ϲ裬ӹ˵֡
ϵһյƣӢͺһյơ
ɮȡյִкӢΪµƵͣŵȼоӴ˳
Ǻëըըĵڵоȼɲ۵΢죬ᣬһ
ѾǵģˣЩ˵ģǵʲôģ
룬߳ţʣ㻹ǵʲô𣿡
Ȼţô
ʲô
ǼгŮ˵ãʹӶȺǿöࡣǺܵŮдС¶õóš
ִӣûھӪּġָ㣬˵ʱЩ飬պ١
ܲܲʶ֣Ȼʶִ洦ôҲǸƷա
ûʲô飬Ĵ˵ЩսӢʱ򲢲ֻ࣬ҪϵӢˡ
۾ִֿ죬
ûֲϹӣ۾Ȼģû
ִĸŮ̸۹Щ˺һҲûģֻǵͷؼӢ죬ҲǶ
ռҴϣһĳˣһڣǱҺϡ
ǻ룬ȢҲ
ЦܳԺӣˡ
Ůڴǰ˵ף͵ֻ̹ôûҪôˡ
Сôû˾
ôţԶԶɽű߹һˣȥ
۷ĸɽݼɽ䣬δȶǰоһĿϡ
̧ͷһͼվŸŮӡ
ŨѻĿƵᡣ
һ˫۾磬ֱֱƹ
ĿҲ㡣
۳񣬱ߣŸҪջĿ⣬ͼŮվŸϤӰһɫûһƼ
ɣ
һϡ
ʯѣɲ
վʯͷ¡
ȻŮüһһۡ


6 
۴δŮױ
ľǳ̵ýС[ȹװ¡
Ŀֵһۡ
ѵҲˣ
úÿ࿴ۡ
ֱ㶶סԼûϣҲòסСָͷ˶ң
ô
ĸȥִŤͷȥһƱ֪ǹپ졣
һϸüë룡Ưĺ
оžǽͺֶûвŮӳŵĹء
Ｘ֣˭˲ʶϵִУֻҪԶɻ
С˻ͦࡣ
çţɱġģƯĶˣû
ҲüëŮһģһ
ǲƯ˱ɶ
ִлĿһɣɣڨѾˣʱƤǹ鷳
Եга²үﵽȥү
һſڣƼۣԭء
ŤͷһմЦһ
һЦԶԶ˶У̧ͷµŮһۣȻͷһ졣
òЦһִо׹Ҳֻ佫ҵŮˡ
ип;ӽŲ΢ͣһӵĿⶨŮϡ
ŮӣѾЦʲôҲûջĿ⡣
΢һüһʧ
ۻװԶ羰
˼ɫԣʣôʶҪǰкȻϲʶŮӣϲʶǵٵӡ
һλ̫䡣ĸûʲôġ
ж겻ʧǣ಻ס̧ͷȥ
ſŮİ˵۹⿴ϲüĿɪ
ʱٿԿϱ۹⿴һʱϡ
Ǹǡ
ֻּжŮ
Ǿˣ֪ҾҪȥָףû¾ȥкĹأֿ˶һۡ
ԤҪͷһּҹġ
ܲܰ˸ӴţóȻȢ
ڻᡢʫᡢȽдǣ˵Լּҹף¶ͰƯˡ
ڴ⡣
Ǳȫſ֣ǰ˻Σɵ
ӻػ꣬ЩҪʿĭˡ
סȥǵիȳݵΣ
˿ڶ̫ƽ࣬ʵģǲӣȡĥõۣһ
̲סҪȵڶ룬ӢסٺȵȻҪ
ûԣӼ۾Ӱ۰ˡ
ִҲûԹիˣҪǳԲߣȻ¹ȥѾ˺üҳݹˡ߹ȥżﴫζ
һİƣã
ۼڿ羰ʱĿɨȥ
ˣϼΪ׺ε̫£ϺҲʱ
ϳվãɸǸʱվɽΡϲ֮󣬹꣬ټɡ
çӣ
۲δ¶ٱɫҲͶˡ
Ի룬һϳϵıֺ
ԴӼ޹ʹԼԸ
Ҳˣǰͷ˵˽顣
⻰ĸ׶Уĸ״ݺݷԺӡ
ڿҲڿ
Ų̊ףùѣ󽲾أУĸŮݡ
˲Լĸס
Ի˵ѧ밲ֻ밲ʱͬ˵ϼǵŮܵü丸׵Ĺػ̻塣
Ľǣ⼸仰ûС
ļױȻҲҪø֡
ֻǴûйʱ⡣
Ҳáּҹ׺ǶҸ档
˵꣬ͼһ£ȥ֦׷ͷϡ
ԼǱµˣѽһͷĴ󱳡
۶ӣͼϲ޲ϲ԰ģʵһֳ
֡
֪
˲ĿϸȥģּŮǱǿˡ
ӿˣַһģҳɻֵã
ִɥδȢּԭļҾҲɲ檡
˵ŸˣȻɥĸŮ
ô͡ƫƫ岻Ȣ
ĸףҪࡣ⻰ϱȢûʱĸ׸˵ֵȿˡ
ҲǣƷûÿЩ
ɥĸŮȢΪûĸ׽̵ɾĸ׻ڣҵĹؽҲر
ʱʹ˸ɫ
ˣѾȥš
ˣЪЪ
ҳڴȶµƹɮ죬ðŮիһ
Щ֪ɮģȲСɳȥӢ˵ˣֻһˣһŮҲЪЪţʩɷи㣿
ӢôིҲƣӦ
дʰŽ徻
СɳֽЦųӢס
ӢûôŷˣҲͷ
Ǳ߸£СѾ߹ѾŸľʳСʳοգƼܹ㡣
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òãʲôġӢĸķ˴ڣ֡
˵˲£ǷĲҲǾƣ¶ʺϹȡ
ʳ磬Ķصӡ
˵ŷʳУ˻ǰȥ
ѾԹеĲӸ̾ĵģþͷĻϸɡ
һģÿָֻͷô⻹һָͷɢˣ
ɫܺɫģ̰ףϲȫһʱ֪ĸ
ӻһۣ˴һϤϤͣ
ͼǷŲյЦʷüֿڣɳСǺܰԡ
Ϊɳ˭֪˷֡
ӢһԼҲһ
Ҳ֪ôǷһö˲˵ʦͨѧСסǩ͵ߡ
ϸĵģǷŵųԵġ
Ӣʶ˾ǹôɡ
ͼѾӣλ£ó̺ϡѾһŹڵϣȡֻ񴸾Ҫȡ
˰֣أҲۡ
ѾǾȡԼҴĲ߲ҶСɳɽȪˮ޺裬Լˮȡ
߰˸ˣжֹһ㲻ңûһ˿죬Ƶġ
ٿԼøģŪ
΢ͷһŲյһŲǶƲһƲĭһڡ
ǸյǰգǱ߲ſڣֻٴͷ²յЦ̣ͷһǣкóԺģࡣ
䡣
ŰѻŴһһ䣬Ѿ߰Ųȥ
Ӣ쿴Լ̧һǿͣҹ
ߣЦŴˣ
ʮˡ
ǾģҲиŮҲġ⵹Ǽٻϧûסʱûˡ
˵ŮĻͷСñӡ
أûʡ
ɫ΢i͵ġ
ЦסʱվֱӣһԲסҲ֪
ֻŲյͷס˵ʲôģЦ֪߲֡˵ŰѲյݸѾͷ尢ȥ
֪Ҫʲôֵֻݹȥ
˴һֻ֬׵ϡ
ͣ첲ϸһȦֻģãԵխЩ
ɲɣǲͷؼôص񡣡ӢƳһۣʾϽժ
Ҳ֪ô˼ҵժ¡첲һʱʲ
ס֣ҿϲǺúӲ͸ġ
⡭ôʡ
˾ǣҲǳģҷסڽţһ֪
һ䳣ӢȰסˣ֪סַҲ㻹񣬿Ҳ̫ˣѵǵĸټңô󷽣
̻ԼѾˣ񣺡лˡ
ԵССġ
ЦˣСе˵ڶͷ


7 
իּҸɽˡ
Ӣ˱ָ
˶ˣ˲һɣСѾ߱硣
Ųǲۣǲδ׼ǰͷ
ôӦһ۵۶ó̺ͷ˱ɰƱƬٵ˱Ǽ䡣
һڣֻñǺһŻ
СѾߴȣһɫһѾͷ⵽ȥ֪˶лҪ˵ġ
ҵһϣʣ˿ɻ⣿
⡣ǲ⣬Ҳ⡣
ҪԼ¶ɫǲͷ˼ңмһü۹˾ɴ
үӵӣŲ˶ˡѾ׼װøү֮ǰѹ۸¶
ҲɻôͷǵϣѵǾûܽ׵˼ˣµ׾ѡǡҲж˼Ұգ
үӿ˿ڣǾ͵ϡ
ЩȻܰڵ̨˵Ӱƽˡ
˾͵ǽѾǳЦȥˣּ֪͸һȥˡ
ҪּҲأЩǣּէߵѾͷʹûû״ģҲ֪
˲Ÿ˱ɣͷЩǻô죿Ȼٴȥ
ϸţ
Դӿɶ飬˲ǼﻹǼ⣬˰̴ʡҽ׵ģɶǸŴ󻧵Ů
ϾָĨ˵Ҫ˯ЬЬ档䲻ǵȺôĥϱţТȻˡ
ˣȥðЩ
֪ˡҪඨˣɵ׮ٲᣬԭ͵Ķǵϸһա
ҿ۸ǺҪôĴ֪ôϸ
Ҳù֣ҲãֹϹѵҪԽѵϣҲ˷ׯء
ּҹôQ۸ȴüͷûһ¡
ǲˡЦſοɣǲȹһȥҪǿ˷ôһ۸
ܼ¶μֻҪּһ֪ҳ̽ɡ
òصȲһء
˵ʣ۸أ
һͷִˡ
ĸӶ˺Ĭ̽Ůĵף۾ȥһ侲ңɺͺ
ߵǰͼָղſǸˣһԲʯϣִһ֦ڵϻʲô
ʲô׽
̲סڽţ߹ȥ
û߽һһִȭͷϵˣ˰
ǸģôסһȭͷϽǰȥЩ
߽˲ſϻ˸ķͼͼлģлԲģлǵġ۾һɨʣڴ̰
۲δŲһ̧ͷס˫Өӡ
۾ˣȴû϶ය¶סء
Ŀ΢Ƭ֮˵˸ĵһ仰ҲЩ
ʲôѶģһǱӪ˧ӪʡǣĲˬֳ֦ӡ
ϵһ㣺ƥе
СʱϵִʱȥݴӪ
ѾãξϣΪ˷Уû뵽һջԱ
ȥĺԺͩѧűȭͷʰȭŵǹǱ
ϵЦͷǴ˵ģǸġ
ʲôͬǾǿ𣿡
ϵֻЦȫСŮĺӻ£ˣͽ˵ˣָĴĶҪľָҪǿ
ôָأתӣӱӡ
صط󣬱޼˦ȥĿջС
СϵŮԺͩһӾȥժһ仨
ϻͩʱܰģıôֻһģ
ˣϵҲȫǺģתѪȷʵ洦
Ŀһɨֻ˿ĸ׵İ䡣ϱϹ֮Т顣
Ȣ÷ϣ㲻ϵĸϲ
ĸ״Ӳᵱ˵Щʲôİޣֻϡ
涢ϻͼʲôأ
ǻǳءû飬˵ЩϷ꣬˵һ£һ¡
ȻҲ̸ֻֽˡ
ƢõЦһЦŶսƫС
ʱ䣬Ҳ⣬Լһͷ
䲻ͨ£ȴѧ֮ģɷ뺫ԼսЩ̣ϱӾȻء
ε㽫ñűʱЩʲôСãһ
⣬Բ⻰ԼսһڴӦ
ãÿʮһ壬
΢Цͷлִͽ̡
ֿǸˣǱˡ
һˣ
úϸҲסԭͺڵ¸ڡ
վڣۣĽ
˵ĶӣЦˣͦϲ˵ģģӡ
ףδôƽ͵˵
һϣҲһסիһסںԺһԺȴ·ȴɽ
ͷɽɢ
Ѭй
˰£ʡ
ʶִûʶ
ѣұ֡ĴϵʮǮǰϹġ
һʼϹӣҪ£˶һ
ʮĿɲġ
֪Ѿ࿴СŮˣ뽫ּ۵Ŀκ֮
پ˲ཻ
˳ֻ˵ô仰ͷ
ʯϣ۾ʰô
ôôûס
ҪúãŶҪ
ָͷ뵯ĶͷһԾȥϵ⣬Ҫ͵ϮûУ
ӢҲʣ˭
ûôƯĺԼҶվһԵӸδ׮Ƶġ
˵Ķӡ
Ŷ~ӢͷֲأҲôķˣóôεĶӡ
ӢһۣڳҲûõˣŮ˶ۣҲûΡ
úÿ˰գ
㡣ֻҪȫäģ©⣬˵ÿ
ͷŶ࿴
ǰաҲ̫̫԰ˣɽ仹

ҡҡͷϧˣ


8 ϲ
⻰ܺǣҿñӣһȭͷܰſ¡
Ƥʲôã󣬻ͷܲɣ
߬ԼȭͷһۣҲǸ˳ԲסԼһȭͷҪܿɲȭͷ
ʹӵģûʤ㣬ӾͲͬˣһ飬ܵοˡ
Ҫ񰢹ǿͺˡ
ӢȿӣٿŮֱû˵۶һ۾ٿ
ﰵҪظʲôźá
ֻһ飬ͷͷҪȥ棬ǷʳûζϽҸݹӣʹʹӡ
óֽȡرӵݸݣģ˰ա
Щ⣬ȻиȽϵ˼ҲѾҪܿӵķâԼ˵
ڹǰó裬ֻҪãһϯ֮ء
ѾͷҲҪ汾¡
û뵽ӻԡ
л㡣űЦˣʵѾԹˡ
з£ɽҲлСвЩֲʳڳϣϳС˼Ǯݲ跹ûԼ
ģó˰
ӱѷż¸ݣǺȫλģͷС˵¶ϧûš
ЦˣǸȥԸЩҲȰܻ𡣡
УҲմŹ⡣
˵λ߸ŵѾ߽ǣƵġԭǹټҵѾߣɡ
Ӿݲ˵·裬ÿλߵѾҲˣһȾԵִţѧһѧ
Цˣض࣬ʲôʵģֻҾǡ
֪᲻ŮԭΣŮġֻ⻰ݲ˵
ȫû뵽ӻȼⷬ־Ǿȱݹȥһˣҹ͵ϡ
ǻһǾ֪ǳģָȸʡµٽᡣ
ҲǾ︻˼ҵĹء
ǰʱСڴֻӶ̾ǮϽֲǮҲǮˣǮ˿ʹ죡
ҪĲִŮŻŵʱûŹϸӣͼӱŮá
ҿҡҡͷĶ㹻ˡӿ̧ⷿӣݶûꡣ
ִЦĵĶĲǶµ
ŶĶׯһ£˽컻ΣҲ
ҪΣҪĶƥա
ֵǧ𣬵ִ˵ٲʲô¶ʲôԣܸŮ
ҪСԣҪԼ
СͿѱһֱһƥԼСչˡ
ʲôѵġ
һҪһޡ
ִЦˣǵӢǻҪһޣҪɫģƯǮ
˵ҪŪӣһڣʲôӡ
ŮҲҪӣִһڴӦУ
ǺţƤĻŭţ²ԼǮˡ
ã
Ӣˣ㣬ͷ򣬿۾⾫ͷѾǽģ
ּɽ˲ŵиɷվ
ֽǰŶԳġ
ǻ˳飬ʵûԵˡ
ͻȻҩ֭һȥǲãл˵ͿĻҹѾ߲˵ˣֻұˡ
ּ£һȦݣƫҪҪԤõʱ׼òȫ
ʱ򣿵ʲôʱ
ŭֺޣɳ˷ߺޣҲֻܶɷλƽ
һһ֣ాѪ
㸸ڱءɷû˶ӣʲôָ
֪ĸ࣬ĸ׵ļ磺زĸٵˣĸҲּҹˣΣ
˿˶һۣ²ŶӺϲֹҿá
Ŷ۷죬ԭĸԵһ𣬾ϲϡ
ӣСѺ壬һ˫۾ѩ˵û㣬˵ô÷
Ť̬ʧЩׯҲǴǰû̵ܽԵʣаǺúӡ۾ǲƭ˵ġ
뵽ɫ㲻ǵӣ۽ǺЦ⡣
ĸϲͺá
˻ΣּŮϣӺΪϷѹģȻϳǣ
̫żЩ࿴ҪԶ
˿òƷԣҪΪ˴£һ궼Ƕ̵ģǶԱ˴˼ء
үӵȲˡ
룺Ǽǲʱ򣬲˹ţȽύš
ĸ׷ģֽύ
ͺãɾôǴɣҲûӣ¶ܽĸ֪
ҶּҹʮģүӳŲסֻҪãҲ顣
ΪҵĸˡȻףⱲ¶ûôĸСƨΪôơ
ʲô˹ţܺúõģЩʲô
Ӽ޽ĹҶѾ̺ˣĥһĥլ㡣
һŷţְ̣һЩû÷꣬ˡ
Ѿ㣬ҪЩʲôױźãһžõϵġ
һʱԣƬ̲ŵĸ׷ġ
óһľ̵Сʪһ㡣
ؼҾѽԡ
һѣһʰűʪСȹ̲סҪЦԸ㣺ϸϴӡӡ
ҲҪܹõϻУһգֱȳʱһֻ˿
ǴĶģ
ԡ㱾Ҫ걳˭֪̺ܲ򣬲Ÿմһ£ЦŶ㿪Ǵ걳š
ء
ݶûȥȻ֪ĶģƹȥʣѾõˮ
ҹֻ첲ˮˡ
ЦʣֻӣΣҪڲϡõĳɫѰɲרŶºϴĥС
ǽʱŵǸ͵ġӻص
Ǹ侲ҵķˣڳϾ˵ˣӻ̾˼ʳӾɣû뵽͹һֻӡ
ü󷽣
˵ǽңġ
ңѵ¶飬ظһ飺ǽң


9 
סˮѧˮݣԭȼûôԡ裬Ҳղôˮ
𾢣ݵĻˮ︡ô֪Ǽң
ݵͷңǾ̽ң˭˲֪ء
״죬޲˶ȥ֣ٵ⣬̽ȴЦЦ
в֪˼ֻ¹ӵġ
̧һ㶼ɨ£һ̤黷Ⱦ
˶̽ɡ
֪̽ײأױˣӴ˱ТƲ̽ɵӰ
ԭôġʱƫƫ䣬ֲġ
ӣǲš
ǿ˰
磬ĸϯ϶ܷСԶԶƹһۣͨĴɡ֮Ƕׯأ׽
˶ǹӸѧݵһֻ첲ʵϲ⺢ӡ
˵һۣװϵģ
ôţǹֻӡ
ݶнװǾޱѬ̶ˮϣһдڵء
̶һˮȫˣظĭ
ҡҡ
ôôëëġһ䣬ȥȡµá
ݶСûȲ̺һֺȽЬӡ
ݶʰˣһ
˵䱻ݶҲûݷŵɫǲǲֻӣ
ҧҧּҼգԡ
ԥֻ˵еҾ͡
һڣǰԺĿǡ
ԭңҲ˼صģˡݻί񣬿ɿ˫ˮ복ۣҧʵ˵ˣ˼ȴȵġ
˵ڣ
ҡ
˫۾һԸ룬ʲôͼıģ
̽𣿡
ûݵͷ
Σʡ
̽Ǽضݵġˣԭ˵ĽһźƤòƫƫֲմߡ
Ȳ磬ҲұΣǸľͷĶ
ҧҧ촽ƤݸϽĨɫĿ֬Сϸ첲Ҳǰ֪ģ߹
ã㡣첲һһˮ죬ʣͶǮأ
Цˣû룬̺ô￴ָˡ
Цɻѽ⣬˰侲Ҷѣ˸û͹õӰ
ϴ裬ӲĨࡣ
ݣôһֻӣöӣһʲôʣ˵ҪģµģǾ͵Ҳ
ԼС⣬̸㻨ǮʮָʮҲ˵Ǹš
ƽѵãǽĻù㣬ģô󣬲˵
أ
ܵҪٰʮա
ţ죬ľȻô󣿰ٰʮӣǶһƥһĲǮˣ
ҪǻǮ㣬ǵüܵó
պûУߺ߳£ݶӣһˤˣ㲻
ڿڣﲻ뼱ϻҲвģֻǲô񡣡УҲֻһԶûеó˵ĵز
ʲô˼ң˻Ҹϻӣʢʵˣȥա
⡭ôУ
ôˣòĶûУǰ᲻ãҪҪӣѾ˺ܶǮ
ôڸͷٻôǮҪ֪Ҫ
֪ˡҲû취˸У档
ֵҪȻдţժЩԺĻһͻȥ
Ҳ񣿺̸ҪôǷʼѼӣҪôǹϲ˹ӣǲأһѻҲ
ģʮ»ͣϲԺӻúã˼Ҷ⼰ڻ
ɴɴ㣬ᵹڴϣ̾һ
ǵĹҲ̫ˣˡ
Ǳ˻Żأּʲôж׼š
û룬ּҾͻˣһֻУһӻһš
óżһƣ˵һֶдòһ֣Ҳ˹дġ
費ʶ֣Ǽһһʣȷʵ˹֪۸ʫ飬Ц˵ͺãɼѽǹ۸ﶼ
ֶãĴͨͨƪǴ׻
˵һʱçײ֪˹أؼұ㱻ѵƣ۰Ҳǲܣ赹ԣһӼڻ
ɨֽͷʹ
ּҹﲻƣô죿
迴ָͷóֻ̺ˣʶ֣ţɽװȷ
˳һ׻ô˵ţȭʦ
ʲôȭʦ۴ѾߴüӣɿһָۣϽͷȥ
㿴˰ֽݸӡ
۽ӹţɨһ۱üⲻ֡
䲻ǵŮʱˣǵֲ֣վһ֡
ɿĸ۵׷֮̾ʱҲ䣺ȷʵ
ˣһ䣬Ц⡣
ѵѵãѵãӣҲˣ
ûдãҲ䡣ôһ֣š˾úãҲдһѵá
ӿϿһ䣬ƫ
۸ż㣬̧ͷһ֪ĸЦʲôô
ôװģ
ŤͷԸժЩҸЩӡ
֪ˡ
ߵĴѾͷСС˵ԺժֻмʢʱСժ
ķߵСѾͷС㣬Ҫժô
СЦһЦǷƿõġ
ȥҳһֻԪС˿ƣ׺˿룬ٲ
׺һƾ֪ǸŮġ
˿һۣͷܺãʶӣ㿴أ
ʲôÿԿ˿
ʱĸ׻ڣ׷ͺڷˣҲ֪ĸҪΰȥ
Ƕɱ˼ǼԻú÷ĸףҪǡ

ЦˣҲֳɵģ鷿ȡһţĿ͵ָȥ
СŸ߳裺԰ķߵСѾˣժʲô˵Ƿ˲ƿá
֪ˡüתͷ±ˡ
ۻںȲ裬ĸ׵ɫʣʲô£
Ҳø㣬ϡɫķǱ߱ŷĴ̽߸ŵˣЩ
ķҵŮأ
ĻǵʲôķŮķ̽ʲô
һҭԼӣּҹ￪أôֲͨˣ
ǼҵĴ̽ķ˵׵Ůɥĸ֮һֱסḮķ˼ظ˭ס
۸ϣб¡
Ҫĸס
ʲôһݣѵǵĲҪˣŮ԰żɲɣ
游δɵᣬꡣ
˯ŵʱŵʱ࣬ÿСᵽǰ游밲Ҳʰ
ֻĲŻյĹ˵˼仰
һҪµ꣬ʱӵ˼û뵽ѡ·ߣҲãͰȥߵɽա
ɽʱիˮʹܲ˷ʪŲԺС
۵⣬իˮȻرԶбȿɵǴͤ
ϲ˴£ﵥһԺ䣬Ұ˿һ۱ܿ
Ѿ̺򣬾鼸ѰõĶ͵ϣ
¶Ҳ¶۵Ѿͷ۲ʱ²չң¡
Т¶͸Ƕӵķˡ
ȻҪ̧յǳ
˵ĺ¶˶٣


10 
Ժһ¶һӣѾߡ
ֱ֪¶ԺģϷ˸ġ
۲ţ¶ѾͷֵϣҲҹڶӲǰ
ҹЪϻᣬ¶ʹСѾͷѰ衣
軹ɻʲôð¶ôǽйȥ
Ǹϵʱͼڴϣɫɷףż
߬ȭ
ʪ
¶־־壺ӡպͿˡ
˵෸ɻĻ
¶ֱȥ湫ӵ죬ٿۣһסģס
¶ԲסֲۣСѾУӣѣ
ƺѹʶֻȥ
˿޵ϲö˶˵ģôˡ
¶ǺѾ۵ûѪɫƷԼҿСѾͷƣҵĹͷ
СָĹͷˡ
СѾס֡
۸ﺰʲôˣۼֻ˯ȥĨʰ¶
¶ҡͷûӺһۡ˵ҪĶû塣
˺ŵСѾͷСѾͷ˵һֻ¶ۣû˵ʲô
᲻ᣬǽʲôסˣ
˺ɲʱһëϽԼݵĹŲԺС
֮սѣҲû˵
¶һ󹦡
һ죬˯ü¶Ѿǰ¶Ӵ˱ѹһͷ
ۻصԼԺУ԰¶ʰЩѣҪסիȥ
¶ֻţҲţֻҪƼġ
Խᣬ¶Խͬ
ԽأӾԽᡣ
ʱӷԸʣǹҪ˭ţȻȥˣ̺˵ĻԼѶҪСѾء
ôʣȴ룬ؿҪˡ
˭֪˵ţ㣬鼸
ɽʰԺիŶͨ԰ðҲϡ
˭һŲ
¶һʱϲʤü˳Ŀס˴֣̺ӣҪȻٴСѾͷ
ۿһۡ
¶ʱ֪ãָĿڣҾʰȥˡ
ֱҧȥի飬Щ˲û֮أֻҪ¶ţϽϲ衣
ŲѶ͵ֱߣ¶ˣҪȻգˣٻ١
Ѿ֮ҲѹͲЩʱҪôסǰԺ鷿Ҫôסѧ
ƽҲ⼸ѾͷҲҹ֡
ʱȴ಻ɳӣ꼸ˣ
Ϸɺ죺ӽʮˡָ̫̫ӷУָʲôģ
ԭѧУҲţȻ˼ס鷿ٻ԰
ַүûˣТ
¶˭Ҳû
ǾδţŮģҲ룬ֻŵȷ˽ź󣬻̧һ̧ǡ
Ҹ˽ϵĻТڹˣˡӹԺеļѣߡҪߣ˽Ļ
ɫˢһ°ˣֻöתôͻȻҪȥ
۰Ⱦ鷿ȥ
¶ͷӷڵϣַôˣ
вס᣺ӡӡֱſھ˵
СѾͷӿڣҪӽ԰ӡ
¶Ҳһ鲻Ժ߸Сӣ;ء
ѿнôˣͷʲôˣ

񣬹ӴӲƢ˵ǣػҲ˵
ôͷطˣôԣҪߣ
ЩӸû̺򣬹ûĺԺĹأȴ鷿ȫһ飬ֱҡͷֻ֪ŷȥˣͷҲûʲôˡ
ԺѾǱ֪£ԵĿһҲ˵
ãȻ֪ԼʲôʹŭӣһСѾǧҶ⣺ҪȻ㵽̫̫ǰһ󣿡
¶üԺзǽģǷָģǻģǶ̫̫ġ
ǽ˹ӵԺӣɹֶûǸĹ
춹Ǻ춹̶̶һ
ҶޣȴףҡͷȥʲôùҪˣҲһ仰¶
οûմŹӵȥ̫̫ޣѵܿӵķˣ
ӶҪ
¶ף˿ʱɱȰ˵ǳТڣһأĪȵ˱իҾʡ
סӣ¶ʰְԺ½²㱾ҲǽҵĻҪʲô׵ģ͵իҡ
˵ɱӽ㻹أӶᣬȥի̺򡭡
¶һ죬˵ǹƢ
ĵȴֹסЩϲǷԺģԶЩɹһһĲٴɫ
˱Ҳû
ͻȻãǴشػɲЩ
ѰõĴģһֻֻ͵իȥɽѾʰ׵ֲһ顣
¶͵իԺſڣÿսСѾͷӵһأʲôҪֻܴ
¶ֻֽӹ˵ְֻסȥա
˵ת˰Žţһ̧ͷͼɽǰһ齣ϣڶ飬žʯţ΢
ŰҪȥ
ס¶㣬ӷԸˣסͷָָիԺеľɽá
ӵԷǶҲǶ
Ǳɽأ¶ɫ΢䡣
ɽǹӵ鷿鷿ҲһңЩֵŰ¶ⲻԭ
Ӵʱ䶼ס鷿鷿ʱͯС̺صԺУѾǽ֡
˵ˣŲիУҲԭһ
¶ŵ˸һǲǰˣֻܴھɽ
סţŰڷСߵʱ۾š
źˮϣһ£ӾƼˣմһȹϵϸ˿УԼҲ֪á
뵽ӣûҡ
ػصɽǰ¶Ѿסɽˡ
šþȥСȥɽʣйҷԸ䡣
ǡ
ĸ˵˵ʲô¶Ҳʲôû
ֻ˵ۣҧгݣҧѪˡĸһ˵һҪᣬӡ
˻ɹ죬Ҫӡ
۷һҳ顣
Ҫǰ¶ʲôҲûТڱ㽫ú÷޳ȥ
йһݺױƾǡӣҲпһݣʱױƸ֣š
¶ʲôֻҪԴŪݵ
ۼģʥˡ
ϣģʲôҲû


11 
һݼ˾͵ҵˣҸϽȥҸƿӣա
һ֦ǽϣһ̡֦
ºЩأݵҲһ֦
Ƿǰݴдġ
ԼдֻҪٿһأǾ㹻Ҳһ㲻
Ҫ˵ÿֽϻ治ÿ
ûǮīֽдһʶ֣ѾǺ̼Ǯˡ
һֽ󣬺ķСԺǽҸŪ˸ɳ̣ɳ֣дú˲ֽš
ܲ⣺ӾͳˣôҪдֶ
ֲܿš
дܵϹ
ͦģ˼ҵĹֻѧߣѡ뻹ñʣǿ϶ñʡ
ʸӲ廨ˣ
һݵֶ;Լ̫ݴдģĸǮ
ݽһʮǮն٣
ЦòУɰǾʮģﲻҪˣҾ͵ϰ̯дȥ
һ˾ûܹȥֶдġ
껨ºЩը˳ԣ
ѾԿһۣͼգùҪϽ֡
һִкͺӪȥˣţ̷˴һ٣㵱סأļҹôڣ
ɰѰƻˣԭűǽ֣סܣһֿơ
Ϸ̨飬ܿϷŵ»ˣģÿʮһУܳŹһ䡣
ôǮˣˣûˡ
뾡취ҪסԺҲСԼը棿
ͼȽϴϵҺͼʳ
Ҳѩǣõϸɳǵܴ͵Сʳ
벻볢ζʵġ
һӻһ
һӾ֪˼ǼͣǷϸɳôЩöζܲӴ
Ѿͷղ񣬱ϵһȥסְգѻµأҪôã
ݽݶ˺ð졣
һߣӣ¾Ͱѻ
һȫըˡ
ȳ˸ģư졣
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⡭ݴ
÷ƣǷ£һ²⡣
ˣеʵû¶ˣ͸Ƶġһ
һӸӢ죬µѾͷǷˡ
¿˲ŸһϢŤͷʽ㣺ʲô¶
⻹ţɵʲôܰƵأ
ӣǶ飬٣塣Ѱ˵ģûˣ밲ùܼңǼˡ
߰ҲһЩͲˣҪǺԸҲ벻̵ͻ㡣
黭һŲᡣ
ݵҲϷƩ˫½ͶǷŷŷݣ
ԴһСǾˣһҲһ𣿡
ҲܳŵģȡϦֻҪǴڣ˶ᵽɽԪǰ󣬻̻ġ
ֱпָ࣬ͷȽںûˡ
ӢһͣҲˣһϧ
ߵѾߣǹġ
ȻǹģרТ̷ˡѾӢƨ
Ӣ֪ˣ⺢ָгƨˣ̣ö
ŵøҵ¶ɣּһŮڵӡ
һԾ𣺡ôʱţ
ӢһĹԴϣʲôҪպءҲ˭㣿
˭תǲҴ椣
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ּ֪ˣ
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дţʶֶ
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ҲŮʶ֣椻ӣӻŰʶʮֵġ
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Цˣдͳɡ
زذ˵óżԼѲؼװԼд⼸֣ŵ׶ȥ
ܳˣʱ׼
ҼҪ椵һ͵ѣԸһ䣺椰죬ɫ
֪ˡݿӸ·ǰȡڼƽѬ㡣
Ȳܴ죬ѡ˼ۺɫɴСˮ̵ȹӣһԶ۾黨ӣҲǷ۾׹
һ𿴣Ȳ¡أֲصʧݡ
˻գ˲ۣźУҪҪĵ֬
ɫãղζ죬֬
ϳȥҡ
˲֪ǵһ
ҵ԰ҲҵҪö࣬ѾԺȥרһԶ·ʯСͤ˸顣
һȹøƵģʯͷȰ
߹ȥҪȽסͷ
߹ŰֿһȦϵȹӣͷȫһ飬ʣͷôôˣ
ҲȰشһ𰢱ĸ첲ôҼ԰ӴգƯգСɲٽҵС˰
椣
Уšһ£ûʹҲۡ
ڽʲôּԶҸִлʮǮŮأֻһŮȴ⺰ġ
Ĺͽд椡
ͽж椣椣һ椣ֻġ
椴С㲻ƾʲôаͽд椣˾ĥ
ʱɤӣڽ䣡˵һ۰ѹ˰һͷĵ⡣
԰԰֣԰ѣòÿ
˿ŷͬɫ[ȹ
ֻ۾ǰһƬ죬۾
ʵʵ˵һܵˡ
һ㲻գΣȷʵڸ࿴ˡ
ӭΪ˵ЩģҪĻҪ˵֪֪Ǹʲôģ
Ⱦư˵˿ĭ̲ƣľȻһȾ죬ܺȣҲû
ｽƣǺȲġ
㲻Ƕôϣָͷһ°簡רϱء
Բ۾


12 Ů
ܲϲ˵ëըһֱͶ
޲йܿһѣֱһӻҪ˵ҪȻŲǮء
ͷǼһδɩ
ô
䲻ϲһ㲻ģҪ˼ֱ׾ͳɣʱپˡ
ʦڵĿ磬ǾûĿꡣ
ҲˣһҲˡԭ椣˲˲Ƥͽл˵ǮԸ¡
˵ͱͱ۾أû˸ף
Ҳаҵ̲˭
ɵѽû¶ǵȻ˵ģʹһ죬㱻䡣֪˵ѣҲʲʲôһָͷʲô㣬ʲôҲøҡ
ǵȻӦһ
һ̧ͷƼԶԶȱߣҲѣ˰һ𣬲
棺䣬Ǹʲô
檣
ⰮëǸѧģʲôҪ죬ԵóǵաƳһã죺ҵ¡
ӣǰҵˡ
˾ɵģֻµġ
ˣ
СʱŸպЩ檡˰檵ѾʹЬӡ
˱ʱŮ߶ҪĶӲû磬ȣô죡
ô檡
ݵǶŴȥˣһ߾꣬˶檵ࡣ
ֻŮ飬¶ˡ
뿪ݵʱ˻檶ˡ
͹أڳЦӯӯģͬ˵ּҴǾ
ַǶ˵˾ûڳլطӣǴȥǹӡ
ôͻȻˣҲȱǮѽ
ҧҧ죺ǡۼҲ檰ա
檵ģôǸˣﾹȻԲ·ˡ
ΪʲôͶˡֺȻĿڡӽ𶮡
椲ס
֮þֻȸ
ԭż죬ͻȻͳֻƺ«
椻ǵŴ󳵣糾ͣ׸ϵˡ
ԼҴǰӭ檣̣Ϳۣﻹ˸ڶ¶ֻӡ
б۴˵ģЦ֪үҲûԸǡ
ﻹʲôûʰ
滶ϲ˪ǰһǸ檣ͷƣǸ檷ڵϺ
椱ŰĿ࣬ͼָʹլӣǵĿӣϰӺһ١
ƨҶһ
Ҳһ
˲֪Ů֪ڳνҩӡ
ͲµƢȷʵƢҪȻҲ
ҲϡŮҧ޺ޣأѽأ
Ҫûأ䲻룬뵽ᡣ
գ׹Ժסǲ˵Щˣòּţȳʲôֻ˵
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Ȼˣ桱һ˭ЩǵģǶھˣȻҪϾˣ
ָͷҫбǰҶƣ÷ӾƣɻƣлȪأȵĶúȣȡ
ȪҪûɽȪ죬
ϱ͵·;ңԶ󣬰ûȹҲ֪ѵõĺþƣ̲ס˿ĭ
椾Ǵ󷽵ģ֮ǰҪҫ䣬ˣв̹
ݣżѴ£Ů
Ƕ۹ݣм䣬һӶ˺üãš
һƾ֪ı߶Ĺټҵģı佫ҵġ
ѾŸɫģ£ݾȡʪ̺֡
ܺġġڵСĶУ֪Ǳģ̺СѾǹﰮȵ衣
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ż˼Сģ֡ѿƤܲСϣ˸ԡ
һۣǰȵ裬ǰڵĵģԵġ
ЩҲϰˣ˶ģأͼŮĴ
Ůҧ䣺ҲǱߵģ
Ǳߵģ佫ҵġ
䱻ˣЩƲ١
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ѵɫѾߵĽˣгԲĽ
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ģ˵һѵϺü˿ء
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סԼŮϱǲ¡ǲԲãʡĶ˭ˣ
򲻶ү檣Ȣ޵ĶӣҲòѾ̺ڲࡣ
ϱǴӴ˸ĸͬ飬һģôһ
һʱ֮ϱһŮ˵۶Ըˡ
ӣءǶź챦ʯµõģϲˡ
ס죬ϲЦĻ飬ôˣֲܳѡ
֣ҧһڡ
࣬ԭͷ΢ЦĹŵˣĿ⡣ִһ𣬴˵Ȼֱɡ
Сһ̫̫Ǹˮһ硣
˰˵ȻҲӢ죬һԼߣ˵ˣҾ룬ż϶Ҫʰô
Ӣôǵģôլӣҷ˵¶˵˵
ԲԲ֣ŮҲԲԲ֣ĸŮһһСֻ
ʵҲͬһ׮£Ҳˣ࿴ûУ
أûкʵġ׵ļ˼ңִжƲϡ
Ӣ˵ǰԼҵĸһ졣
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ϵҲãҸͷĲǡ
ľˣϷֻҪģ˹ٶ
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չܵԸѾġ
ҲѧĸףҰСӵʱ˾ô͵ġ
ۼǼŮøˣԼֻݣɽȥӸߴ¿
ּҵ԰ûôҲûɽ
ȹӣһ룬˵û˼Ҳ֪Ϊô
ʯͷһǷϯ̫
ԵĺȵĵǡһһЦϵĽߺüء
һ˵Ҫӡ
ôȡЦ˱üͷɽȳˣ۾һתб⡣
˿ʯͷӹȥͣס
ʯͷϹһȦ̦ʪ࣬һ첲˳ȥ
ʯͷ˵ԲȹϣǱšѽлʯڰȹһһۡ
˭
ˡ
ǱСѾ߹תһȦûҵϽңҲ㣬ػϴȹȥ
İƣЦһ
Ц꣬ŨðԴЦҵ˭ɺ¶ԭǰͶ~


13 
Ϊģһͨæɵãôط˯
ڴϣϻ˸ҡ
ëѾͷ˵һˣһ֪˵ã椾ë˺öҪҫ
С˵죬ߴߴȸ
˵úܣŪ㶯ܣƿŵһ󾪺
һƣͼɽʯͷŸˣϿȥֻïܵԴ֪˭
ˣǲ˳ԭСˡ
˵ǸãҲֻаͶһѿͷˡ
⻹ģҪ룬ϣ˵ġ
Ҳзִ磬ȹӻϴһϴҪմ࣬ɲ档
̧ͷͼһʱҲе֪ôߵԺʲôģ
԰ߵıҪǳڰҵĺԺߵ͵ȥһ
ڱ˼Ҫ֪ˣðһƤ
㶼ˣ
~ӦԴģͶˡ
ô椣
һ̯ǻѵ˵ģ
ȷʵ˵ģҲϷģо²ȹϹһ̳ӻȪơͻҪ˱˵죬ǰǵøϳȥٲš
óͷüͷ壺˵ģҲá
Ҫڱ˵϶Ҫ˵ġ
벻ͷСҼҵĳ죬ѵһæһӣҲȥգ߱˯
˵ְԴŨС
ոǹ
۾һҵʯͷûմ࣬׼ķλ׳ȥ
һƺߣˡ
һʯͷڶϣ۵죬Ͷֻء
˻̾ܣŤͷȹ¼ɽʯ̨ף
ӼţôҲʯͷˣƼȹ˲ġ
ҡҡͷҲ˵Լɵģֻ˵ˡ
Ӷӹôˡ
ȫȻˣ˸ԲֻǸ
ҳÿģʵᣬӻϲ磬ƶһۡ
Ӷ˯ء
ʯͷǲҲ۸ЩСаͶ«έ˶
ΪӲŸսּҵʱ򣬶Ƥǣë衣
ʱһڹɵ¶
̰ѻ¹鵽ϣ˭ÿؼ涼ǹ
С˵װףסӣһԴȼûð۵ĺڻ¶
ֻҪС
˻صͼڷƢָɼѾͷǶҵɽȥҵҪ˭ڸ
ԭŮ˵ˣȹӱۣȻ״ˡ
˵֪˭£ū͸Ѱ
˲˲۾ˣߵߣߴ椵СѾߣڼɽš
СѾٴ椡
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һǸ⣬ЦҪѰ͸ˡ
˺ۣˣװ棬ǰʣûŷݣǱ߸ʲô˵Ļ
ʱסڣ໻ɫȷ˵ҵĻ˵汻ȥˡ
ҪŤǷ˵ѧһ飬Ժôˡ
ϢģҧڨڨȹҲ֪ϴϴó
椿ˣɵģǰɵģ
ŻѰһߣǲ㣿Ǳ˵ˣɲ㷢Ƣ϶¶
ʲôѽڱ˵أָָȹӣٵĳ
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˺һͲȴģһǰõѴˣ˭Ҳ˵˭
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ûʲôԭҲᣬܲס
ǻǸʲô
Ķ֪
ǾǴ˵¶ˡ
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һȣȷԵȹӽãŻһ˵ỰСỰҲ˵
ЩС£ֲǰ档
ҷ˸ˮС֣Ӣ棺⺢ôˣɫģˡ
˱Цѽ˸Ů
Ů
һͷɲҪȻҲǸھӲ˵ӵĻǼ϶Ҳˡ
˵һֻƣӢ˶ٲŷӦƷĹٶˣǧһƷס
ǰЩ࣬ɲúúý̵
ŮܼױӽеǰҲϢˣı˲£òһⱲӾǿҵģҸܼױ˭Ҳ˵졣
׵Ķû˵û˵ˡ
˾˵ϱġ
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򹬳ǵʱӳ̫๬֣˵׼ӡ
ﻹѰֻҪץ˶һͶȥ̵ŮС˻죿
ģû빬֣ŮŮŮһѧһǮġ
Ůеǰѧٱ£Լ컯ߵʱиˣױҲᱡǵġ
ŮѰصǰһǰ檡
Щ¶롣
ŮҲ֪ȷصĸ£ǸҪߵʱ֣㻰˿ڡ
˵ʲôأ˵檣˼ҵҲһܵ
ֻһ䣺˵ĻТ
Щ˲˵ӢȰӢ죺ҪҲŮգǮֵ
ֲһ䣺Ҳøҵ¶ɣһг
һʻȥյԿڲ衣
ԼҵĴ椻ľЩء
Ӣͷ˼⣬Դһ̵ֱܽġԼܽʵޣ˵ҪЩǵøϽŮ
㻹ʶʲôܼң
ҪʶǼ˵Ŀ͸ʲôסǳէģ֪٣ǿˡ
ҪôŰɣѰ͵ҼѧҲһ
ǻˣ˵ˣڱ˼Ůôᾡľ
⻹а༰ǣʱɲˡ
ʱǣߣӢĹٵķһ˵
·ˣұ˵ǶλټŮĹ͡
Ӣ׾ⱲӴĴҷˣҲֻһֿȫ˼ҵķ˶ˡ
λˣȻӦһӢ첢ַˣִ˵ãպ
عѵסģ
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˵ضʱ˶١
ǽסʲôĽ͵ĶһأԲϻñЦ
ִӢֱϣôţͲ鷳λˣ㲻˵ʶҪȻһ
Ӣ컹û˵أ˾Ⱦˣ
ˣ̽ɵ
š
Ӣһ򣺡ǣ˼ãǰջǼҰһء


14 
Ӣ˻һλ
ѰȻţӢСޣŻٰƲķˣбӿ
ϥסʣǾʶ
ңǹŵ˼ҡ
ҵǸֻ˵δ׼
ӢѾһˣλ۾޲ܳͷȥɨһۣƵģϡ
ʣȴɣĴƺ˵ʲôѡ
֪Ӣ첻ڿߵͣҲһӢ죺˵˵Ҳ
Ӣô㣬ôھ˵ˡ
ֻǲ˵˰һֻ˿ӣһڣϲһ
Ӣ⼸䣬ġ
ŻɢŵˣһȫŴ̽˼Ӣ췴ġ
вһۡ
ͷˬɽЩֳֺȻûĶʶˡ
ǻƲ
ʣЩ˲ѽҲǰϲ
⻰һڣ˻ɫ
ǵĲ֪ЩڳеĻ᲻֪˿ɲǼ˭ϲҪһӻġ
ŵûϸƣּҹһ
Ҳûĸ佫ҵĹ˹ɫѽҵǸã
ôˣ˸ˮȥǸõɫģЩ
ǣǸߵǸ
һ㡣
Ůˮ̨ͶˮߣһŮУǸͷߵġ
ͭСҶ뿪веģѾһ߼Բϻ˸̣Щָ޻
СǶĵĲͷ
ֵˣͼһ죬˺˼Ѿ߷ʸ˵˾ʲôֻ̧֣
֦ʸƿÿһ֧
̾׼ͷá
Ҫ˵ģ˵Ӣˬ
űʮʮУһӲͷһӮȥ
ʸˣ˵ǣʤ֮䣬ָǱȰգʮʮУҲ䡣
Сﻹд󣬾˵ôĻ
ʮʮУֿ̾ϧǿɶ˲ͷģǽָССܴģǰ
˵ʲôԶʮҲһС
õһ̲ͷҲûҪֻҡ
СɲʱΧʣôģڼҾͶô
ڼӣɲڿǣԶҲС
˭ֻʱԣ˵ôһͶпɲЦ֪С
ܲǿ׼ͷ㣬İգ
ûּҹʱﻹв²Īϱּҹûֲ²ˡ
ʵǸŮرһǻһǹȫ˶
ҶύˣȻҲύһּҰ磬Ҿͬˡ
ŻĲּҾټŮλˣʱڣּҹǳһȥϸѰѰҸ
ߣӢҲԸٳ⼸˵飬ǰƺ󹧣ᡣ
һȽϣԵ˸ס
ˣȷһȥͲˡӢ⻰˵øɰͣǱҲٽӣȴֲٰɫ
ȵɢˣ˻ӢкʱҼҰ磬Ҳ뺫͹⡣
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ֻǶǶˣҲֻô˵һǼңٶܴ󣿡
ʲôѽ֮ԱǣŵϺŵĳҪôˣŵĸβˣԽСĵԽߡ
ͬ˴򽻵ܺùȥǼЦֲٿ⡣
Ϊ˰ãҲֻȥˡ
Ӣ˷˵˽Ҳڴɵϣ첲§ס
ĸɩ
õأ椾䲻ϡõģҪɩɩ
˵һ٣Ű˵ҪһиĸͺˣҪҴأĺԶĳࡣ
˭Ҳ͸ţ㵱Сɩӡ
Цûͷôõģɽһɽ˶ؾ˴һԶзֲ˹ġ
Ưһֻݣר̵ֻģԽģԽϲ
椻˰һзһ֬˵ֲСˣ˭Щѽʲôʱų󣿡
ѲҪ͸ðաãͦĲʮһ꣬СĲŰ꣬ûˡ
ҲС治˵ߣ˵ЬӣҲˣ԰˵ɲϲǡ
Цˣ֪~
ͷͷ˵ĻǱҲ˵£Ӣ촹ᡣ
Ӣ˽أôǰˣ
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Цһ϶ˡ
ǽҲʹˣڳݵʱǮޣᣬò
檣˵ϽƤɣŸʲôǡ
ӢҲһʱԣ˶ȥˣóŮ˶ҪЬƾ¡ҵķ󣬴һһ𣬶˳̼ľͷһ¡
ôѣҲûˡ
˴гӣ飺ҿˣסǮǱ
϶Ҫģ˭
㲻ǮҲҺ˼ҡôˣȥ
ֻҪһؿھƵûš
Ӣ̾Ϣأô㣿
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ѽϯϴɾҲϴɾǳĶ񲻱ǰӣѵͲ˵ˣ
˵׵ʱѵŮ˵ס̷լ
ϱţϱҪҲּҵķӣ
°Ӣסˣ⣬ûء
͵øϽ˿Ӣ죬ԭסռСԺԵΡ
쳤վõأ
˵ͷҲǵһɱˡ
ӢǮھӣǮŶ٣
һʱˣǾסٲоͽ裡ӱǼҲС˶١˿Ӣ죬ȰѶϱֽţӶù
治統Ѹ
Сӣ˵û˵ҪʲôģһЩദôãŮ޹ȥί
˱ֺϼأû˼һʡ
ѽˣûСӡ
˶ˣûϣԼŮƲˣЪ˼һСӣ۲ʶǶ񡣡
Ӣڻȥĳϣȵ˫κ죬ȫľƶһ飬Ӷһ
ڳﻹ˵ܲҲ磿ôˣôҲӡ
Ӣ조šһǸû˵ʲô
̣ôˣ
Ż񣺡ûʲôϱ¶ء
ҲҪϱҲգЦ˻ʲôѽٵģͶܴ
Ӣһ۾֪ʲô⣺ʲô磬ҸŮĹͷ
ʱãȻ⣬ûȶ࣬ôͻȻҪͷ


15 
ּҵţŻû𿪣̲סһ
Цˣڣ
ڣ⼸ڿ˼룬Ҫʲôּͬҽύƫ԰û죬ĵδˡ
Тֲ룬ܳŸ磬ɰ˼˯óԲ㡣
˯ͷ
ҪּҪŮŮϲʤ
Ǽ£ȴףĸŮƷѧʶãĸŮã
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ֻͷģǲġ
ԭȼŮɻڼЪô
ŮŮֻ˼£һҲġʱ˵Ůүԭ뽫Ů
һοɥŮ֮ʹŮڵĸǰݱ㲻ͬˡ
˭֪ɢͷǰһ˱û˼һҲֻŮ
гһͣԵһûС
ѧҲǸĽһͶˣٶ飬ֻѧܼҡ
ǸŮѧʼãһӹһԸ̸ֻͬǸᡰ֢ҩ
ǵ֪ҪȻʹһȥ
ţʹٰ˼ȥŮңе˺ϤÿԽ̸ּҹ
Ҫûݣһݺ񡣡뵽ּҹѵӱּҹﻹСԣЩ
Цˣ˿ǵģֶûһƲأˡ
ڷ˽ţһֶҲ©
ô˵Цˣ֪Щ͸˳Щ
ֻйܼѧʣŮ̲˵ģְ̡
˵ŻĸʰϲЦտʲô£
£öӹ֪Щ飬ҹҹưģȿһأˡ
򵽺Ժ밲߻ϸѾߣѾںլ߶Щ
˱ʰ¶ÿȥİźۣɿŹˣ
Тأ岮Тͳˡֻй۸ǸТ϶ʮ߸¡
һҲմȳʱ򣬿ɲݵһѹͷˡ
źð׻źףϰߣױⶹ⣬ɽҩۺţ飬̲Ԫļʳá
ÿ˶ԸѾ߸ɽһȥ
̺ʳѾߵ¶Բʰ¶
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ÿ̺򣬶סأԸˣիý
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ֺ࣬ҪʲôʲôֻܷԸҡ
ɹӻǲԡɽľСÿصիѣۡ
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ȥˡ˵ڼ飬ЩȽȴʡһһ밲ĸкãĸ̫ࡣ
ÿ̫ҽۻ̫үҩ
˵̫үҩ˼ζҩ
ǡһͷϱ游ʱҽͨǵ游Ĳ֢
һʮУżȻõ÷
ֻҪǰֽ֣۽ԹĿ
̫ҽ֮ʱдõҩó֪ɷ񡣡
ⷽӴӺε
鼯żѰڳһ䣬鼯ǹŽҩἫ࣬ǰ¼˲ʧģ̫ҽҲһȫ֪
۵ĸײ鼫ޣ̫ҽֻǹֽзģϸ֮¹Ȼͷʣһᣬɷһġ
δɲᣬɲ֮͵ϡ
үĲҲֻʱգǷӣ̫ҽ̫үҲǳ̫ҽͷ̫үҲһԡ
⼸վЩԼˡ
⺢ӣֱ̫̫үǲ˼ҶţҵԶ֦Ҷ˿ӡ
ҩñˣҪǲãۿɲõ
Ҳ֪ĸָϱЩһñסֽš
Ҳ֪˵⸶ƢܸĲǼ˹
һ۰¶ӵˣ˵ӷԸģҸֵˣТͽˡ
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СһĶ飬ӲɫôЩѾߣҲģҲģԲġ
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̫̫ôԺˣ˶겻ȵúܡ
ˣЩµԻ⡣ˣ
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ǼǵǸŮҵŮѧʶĸ黭ʫʸ踳á
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ӢѰеǰŮˡ
΢ſ죺ôѽ
أĥǹҲ⣡㿴椣ԭգ˼ô
ѵڼʱƵģйɩͲˣܵѧһѧ˼˵廨ͷһݡ
գۣŶ˵ˡ
Ӣ켱ҲΪǼ˵׵Ķʵˡ
׵ԼңҲԭȾھӡҶסҲһϷҲ˹٣̸һ̸Ů¡
ӢһԵģҲ˼ŵÿ죿լֻаһأ
Լһأһء
һִлǨ
ϷͷһͷβǰٻˣǻǸƷˡ
ڶ鵽ӪУ֮һֱ
Ե˼Ҫ˵ŮףԼСӣּҲ٣ӢҲͬģҲܵиӰգ
׵ģҿûһġ
ʲôͷǵҪѽԭվţ˵Żأ̵ȥס̣ͲܸиŮô
һȥô⣬ҪŮǼﻹ˵㡣
Ӣһ⡭ҲǸ취
ˣûԹСӵĿ࣬ǶֻҪһТǶϱǲТ
񰢱޳ȥǲϲӻˡ
ôûе
Ӣüͷ׸ģ˲Ķ룬˵УҸᣬŮҪ룡


16 ѧ
Ůܿͱ뵽ָ
Ӣ쵥СԺڿΣƫס
ŮŵʱֻһСӢ찴˵ģԤѣȫҪõĶ
ױƵԡͰµģִԼ߲˸Ӹʹ
԰Ѱȥʲô͸ʲô졣
ŮѦ֥عѡ
Ǵе֧ӻùʱҲţȷҼҾһղһգ뽫򷢻ȥƫƫݲ
Ѧ֥ڹовɴŮԼԼ
լ߶ǱһʣˡȻմӦּң˾˷ݺϤĽ̵
һƣѧǸСŶҪӵˣţѧѧʲôġ
黭ôСѧʱѧѧ
һӢĻﵱСԼǸͷ
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ڴ˵һ꣬˸н㣬Ǻ庢ӣҲû΢΢һЦѺˡ
ӢҲͶϹѧãѧ˼ܣÿһ˫ţ׷˾ݴһ١
ʱʱҪ״ɴɨسţҪѧˡ
Ӣ밢ҲŮһƵסһ䣺Ҫǲֻܸң
иѧӡ
ûϹѧ˵ҪѧԼԺ˺ü죺ѧҪЩʲôǰұȥѧõʱﱸ˺Щ
ܻǮѧˣرӳԡ
ǻرӾ˼ζǳԲŵĺöʵҲûʲôͬΪѧСԵѵá
ʱҲһܣһرľܳԸġ
죬ӻųԡ
һ룬ٷָӡ
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ݶֹԭ̺ľÿȥѧУǽһ涷ޡ
Ǽ˼һѧÿնҪģԴķıҲҪõģѧĵģҲղҪԵúˡ
ףƩӾܵñϸ
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ݶһȣͷӣǸжģҪҲڣǸöá
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СǰҲеô˵ķġ
дֶƣǧУһƪ
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˵ģٿһ飬һҪɲһڡ
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佱𣬾ѧҲͦ˼
Ÿ˼ˡ
Ѧ֥ﻹÿչŴ֡
ݰҪĶɣɣһ٣һ壬߲Ҷɡһһ˵ӣüȥð졣
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ǽ̡
˶మˮݲ衣Ѧϸü˵ᣬл÷ʱˮζʣ˻ȡдͣͥдˮµˮ̿ɴ꣬ʲ
ݲͬˡ
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ˮȽˮ࣬Ⱦˮ塣Ѧ֥ЦȴҡͷʾԺ⻰ʿԣűʡ
ͷѦֻ֥Ҳһվѧɵġ
һ磬˺üֲ裬ѧʲôʲôġ
Ѧ˵࣬ЦҲо׻̣죬ն
ͷشѦô׵׻׻ףð
֪ǴĶѧġ
һǰȵ衣Ҫǰġ
ѡԼϲĵ裬ѿ裬ҲŮ衣
̰Ũ裬ѾҲȼ
ȵɢˣ˵һһÑĻֵƵģϱôȲ裬ôȲ衣
Сʲô̫ʲô
Щ¶ͷ鶼ŵġ
˵ʣ˴棬ɸŶӡ
֪ѦⷬģΪѧѧһ죬Ըѧˡ
д֣ȲѦ֥桭ʲô
Ѧ֥дúõֶȦ˼죬ûʲôչѧô˵ʼһ١
ֽһ
ۣһСģﻰ˵ˡ
Ѧ˵ѧǧġ
Ѿѧѽܱء
СѧǧģѧŮǧ֡


17 Ů
ǧĻŮȻ⡣
Ůǧֽ֡СŮ
־һô
ǹŮö顣Ѧ֥˵˰һֻۣνܶá
գգۣԼǸչͷ飬һͷ衣
Ѧȫñ徭㲻ػᱳ֪ʱɣһƪصһֲı
ѦִּһѮˣΨһŮѧܺ㲻ѵġԽѧԽоͷȻСԡ
˵˵ʮˣɼʵǽ
Ǯ˼ŮܽнߣΧƣţ潿ߡ
Ľߣӳô󣬽ȻҪˣôʵż㡣
ּС֦ġ
Ϊһ裬Ҳܻ
õŮѦ˵㲻ֶȵ
ԭֻǧʶֲȫЩƧЩģͲʶˡ
ûȥͨƪһԴ
ȻԼž˦ݣԸڴϣݶĸֺ̫ģͷһۡ
ȻʶݻСȦȦ
һƪŮ˼Σͱ۾ˡ
ЦҲѵģҪǹʵѱǾһһ䣬˾ͺˡ
ӰڰߣŸ̴Сӣӣңӣҹһš
̵ģ˵ˣʲôóҪĿʢӣ֦ĺӣ͵ð׵̴ɡ
úã˵ЩӴȹҲúÿˡ
ӿ죬͵͵ݼѧġ
ݶǰǲкܶࣿСң˭ϲѡ
ԭѾͷǶȵģݽû˵һȴѾߣݽģһ£͵ĳͷҲԼ·
ݶ˵óЩĽǣԼһӵأӵʱⶼ档
Խ˵ӾԽôţ
ݶһ죺ǼҺá
̣ܹǮؼʱҲҪһļҵ
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ݹΣѣݶǴ֡
ССԺȻ
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һž֪ǳͼǣͼģ˱㡣
⻨ţѬԺӻ޺ϣҧһǣ̾һҪǲñ飬Ӹöá
ֳ̾죺ζҸס
ѵһѮһݣǵñ顣
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ҡͷңҿɲʶôֶʶЩҲΪҪ֬ˮ¶ƿǩѧġ
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Ӣںȶӻ
࣬ԭţֻͷ롣ʮܼһأԭˡ
ӳ˴ʣԵһûС
Ҫ˵ֲСңҪʲô
Ӣһվ죬һֿӿѣ۰Ͱε̫ɽ
ڻˡ
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ȳȥ
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һµˮԴľͰһ飬ˮûһͻˣӪﶼǸɴһѣĸϸϴѽʲô¶
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ôˣ
ȢϱˣȢϱס̷ңϱӣּҵӣľһʣưˡ
ȷʵ
壬Ҳţû޷ӵġ
ﻹ޷ӣһ˿Ƥúںںģǿһֻ˰ӵӣҵġ
ôЩ꣬Ҳһû
Լģ̷ģЩһ
˵ӢҲ˲ϸˮˣææԺⷿȥֻ˰ӡ
Ķᣬֻʱ֪Ƕӵġ
Ѱйӣⶫ˿⣬ȡһ
һ˽Ǯˡ
ֻǽֻԪʵĵģһء
Ӣ֪󣬲֪ҪǮ϶ּլӣֻҪСԺӣˡ
ôͻȻǮʡ
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죬û˵Цԣűء
ҪϯϱҪЦ
̷ˣϡ
ôҵ
ӵͷƳһ۰үûͻˡ
ˣʲôˣʣأһѮˣСѽţƤѽܸһա
ǸŮˡ
סˡ


18 ͷ
Ӣ̸ӻʱȷҲ᲻ҡ
겻ʮˡ
ʮУ̣ҪȻҲ̸ҵ¡ִв룬ּҲԶףвʵġ
һعѵСӣôùʽĻ£ϵڵʱռҵһʡ
ϵҲˣ˭Ҳִܲҡһٷ֮š
һ˸Ů˻ֵܳס
üëһ壬ӣʲôŮˣ
촽أǸϳ˵ִ˽͵ָûƼǸʲôŮӣŷϵ۾һƾ֪Ժ
ĸڴǰԺϵ£ĸ
Ҳ˾˵Ǳ̷֪ʵǱ̷֪˵ݣּҵ¶
˭ͻģ
һġ˭ҲûҿŰӭͣſأ̷˸⣿¶ôأ
ӻûأ´ȥˣӢûס
ס㲻ȥ
Ϊʲôȥ
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Ӣ쳶סԸӣȰ˴ƫʻ˵ſһӣȥ
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ӢԴһ£㣬Ҳûء˼ģҪ˵أǻţ
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СݺһסĽַԴ˺µܵܣϾʱһһģѩϴ·ֻܲ
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ЦһЦﶩµģ˵ǽյȥ˻û׵á˵ǮӸҡ
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͵ģɲȾƣȲ衣
ԴһӣȲȲ衣
ţիɽǰ
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г飬ֻ飬ѵùǽĴУһ˶ͷҲû̧ô
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ּ֪֪£ʲô֪أ


19 
Ȣ

ȥϻ̡
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ӵҲȫǣֻҪǵֵʱʳȾУǰܡɼĸңҲһء
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˵жͣʱĿڣҲûԵ£ֻʹ⼸θںòãҪҪҸˮθ
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Ŵ͵Ů˰㲻᲻֪գ
ִĲ֪ߺһŴˣǸŴˣ


20 
Ȣ

СѾͷ͵ּҵġ
Ų񵱼̫̫ķˣ仰͵ƫԺ
˵㣬ǽǲǵøһϣûʳʱǴ˰ģû̸ǡ
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21 һ
Ȣ

ͷյ۵ӡ
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뿴ǲĶԻʳģ᲻͵͵ĭӡ
ǰһҰһ㴻Ƥټһ
ԱԼǰɫĻˣصðͻûУֲôݡԼԵ㣬۶һҲ
Щ
û길ТʹӾˣо̣лԣûúóԹء
ۣ˼ʳԵĹأѺֻ˰ֻѼӾͳԲˣҲ̫ˣ͸͸ڷͷƵġ
˷۲̸˵Ҫľƣֿ֪ᱻൽδҪҪһ
ܴţ
Цˣѡ
Щͷߣзӣǲ֪ģչײһ£㻹֪Щʲô˵
һ֪ղ¸ƵƵˡ
֪
󣬵ߴף߱꣬סˡ˵꣬⿴ôִ˸ҲУ
ģαҲͷ׷ʣļң
յһ㻰˵һ밡ǲֵˣ
ңνң⼸նСŮš鲻֪һ֪ɾࡣ
ּĿٽ׳ͣӦǿԭŸĵġ
ֱʰûȥݣҲ֪ǲȥĵطһϯüء
ֻ˵Ǯһֻһٻơ
ۿһۺҲô
ϣ۲ò˵֡
̫ӴʱֻǹᡰԵ·̿ˣȻȻ
Ǳص飬ͬϵսٳ谮Ҳû֡
˵Լôļң
عζˣʲôģɽˣӿʼűˡ
µƢñ֪֮ܿһݲЩ
ˣôӣҽΪ˵£
ˣͦġ
Цļ£Լһưˣջͷֵܣҽˡ
ɡӲ
ּӽʳ֮»Ҿ֮¡ּҲӪּ̫Ӫ̫ӵݹ֦;ʣɾˡ
˵˻
˵˻ͷֻãӣ磬±ǡ
ö֮˾ͻ֪ǿ˲壬˽Ҳ;ˡ
ҲǣҲ˲ˡ
ѵŮʮòѾ뷿У
ҲԾ䳣Ҳ
ԹԵ˵ǸŮѾ÷˽ţѾˣÿ¸˿Ǯء
һֱŲյ̸̫ʱȺһڲ衣һ䣬ûסԺüѾߣ
ɲǣٹվ͸Ϲˡ
ۿ΢ô
ۺһЦ£ʣɽ˵ȥܲ鵽£Ҳܲ鵽
罫±ػᱻ̸ۡ
һǧ
ǸȤˣ
̸꣬ɢˣ֮ǰеĴ辰ֱҪͺˡ
кѣֺʱ㣬Ҳ͵ָϡ
˵ֵˣĸ˵ֹⱸһ͸˺ֹġ
Ӣˣ氢뵽ʦ¶Ѿ֪ˣϲġ
ûһˣһֻСϻӡ
Ҳʵûˣַּཻûˡ䲻ּ֪ûûиཻͨĵ
׺ţʱѰֻʯָ
̫̫ġ
⵹ҲͻϻذʦӢӿѰƥ֯ľ͸˵л
һһ㴦ˡ
һϻװŽָ̲סҪЦʵǰоǸСӵĹָ͵˱Ѽء
ֹﲻЩǹϲʲôЩʵģۣ۸һ䡣
˼ҹ֪ܵϲʲôա
˱Ѽӣ˳ѼԳˣѼӱȼǿٱûţеϧ
ü΢
ѾСһۣСʱȥԸһ˱ѼӣúӴظȥ


22 ҵ
Ȣ

һֻ˱Ѽӻؼҡ
һ͵СԺȥ, սԺžͼƻͨ
ǰ巿ƫ鷿鷿, ڰϳŮǧ֡
խ, ףһͷͷһ, Դ, , 췢
̾, дֶҪ̾һڡ
ӴˡŮǧ֡޵飡
ܲټ֣Ҫʲôʱ򣬺Щûȫ, д
ټд˿ԣֶɲУһ۾֪͵ˡ
űʸֱ, һ鶼û, һҪƪô࣡
룬ҪŮ״Ԫ߽ͷһƣһֶдεÿǿˡ
ҳ顣۾һס, , Ҳҳʡ
ңѾͷ㳭
ݶд֣д̫ѿд̫ÿ
˼˵ֻǻдֶĶ, ձʵҲ, д
ԥ, ҷûء
Ա㣬ﻹѼ⣬þԼСʱǻҲ͵ǻծ
УֻѼӣȳԣʡ
¸ˣžżζʳһѼӣôģ
˱«ѼѼǻڵĴͷˣñ̵Ĳ˿˸ᣬɺ«ӣ˰˱Ŵ׷
ֵֵ˳ԡ
ͶˣǵðѼпһݣһݣҨһڣֱ
ǳԷǼС㣬
ģζĺͷ
ȥң͵ġڼ秽֣ͽɡ
һ
űʣСţģ˵С档
ݽӹ򿪺иǶݵǰһۡ
ʲôʯͷͦÿõʯͷʯϻе·ϻнָж׹ӣͦɡ
ʯݴƷõģټ
̸֪¶ˣԸݣһָҪ͸椡
Ҳֲдһֽϱ軨ӵıʻϸӣ°дĴС˷س
ֻԼддһһգд˼ʾͲͷô㳭Щ
˵Щ˼ʲôٶ֮ս֮ս϶оͷ
ʶ˵ﻹſڷأ۾ô˼ҡ
ҿɲңȥȥңҲû鷿ĵ
ңģ϶û鷿
ȥӢѼӡ
ǸŮѾͷ£һֲ©ȫ˵Ӣˡ
Ӣʵǲ֣ܲǾð˽ţЪվϹʱ
Ӣ죬˵֡Ҳаա
˵ˣۼҵž͵ðǼҵĹܱ˼ŮǸʲôõģǼ͵Ѿá
Ӣ컹˵ʲôʧЦӣڻǣģġ
ǰôһһСǰĽУżգҲѧ澵ӡ
Ȼǲһˡ
뵽һӢɫȥ
簡ģܵ÷ֿСѾͷѧסּңȷʵ񻰡
̣ôˣǳԵĲûǴĲãҸ߹ȥ̵ĳƺӻûĹ
˵ѾߣŮҲ룬ӢʣҸҪᣬ˵᲻֣
Ҫ᣿Ӱ̤ϣֱסӢȣΪʲôҪ᣿ǲŸž˼ѽҪֿ
ǹܲǵַ죡
⻰˵ģԼ롣
һĥȷʵˣּңվҡ
ȸ˵ȰȰ
ֻõͷ»صԺУѾһдһˣҲץ׳ϡ
ѼӣǼ?Ҫóԡ
ǹٸˣǼҵĲһϾͽö࣬ͷݷΣɱȡϺʣ㲻ǼҼҶܳ
ݼֱʲô֪
ֳӶдˣݶŮ壬ǺȰ
ֱҹ㳭ˡ
õһţƽ̺ôɣֽϵī뵿մһ
ʼǼŻּԽԽʲݷܣݿֱҡͷȴдӵʸӣٲдˡ
ܻطȥһԴͷڴˣҲû취⼸Ҳܽա
ջԼУ˵ɻʱȥԺѰ˵Ҫ¡
ִǳ˾ƻģֻǳ弸ûȶࡣ
һȥµõĸ輧˳ִЩģͿˣ
ξϣǾƵģǲźžƣ͸ʿġ
˴ʤ̣Ӫƽնմơ
ЦһˣҲɿɿ졣Ǹ輧˸ִеơ
ִܾûþм˷׷ղ¸ִŻȻ
ԭǸŴ˸һﶼ͡ˡ
ǼǸôЦǺִУ֪ˣŰ
ֱֱִ˵Ҳ֪ҳˣƻûأ͵˭ûͱˡ
˴Цξ˭ղ¸˵˭͵ġ
̫ٽãѵϲ£
³ļУսھ
̫ճڷʱͱΪӡ
㹻ТУɲһˡ
ִһѴӣס°ϰŨüֻ¶ֻ۾òϿŷɡ
ģֱֻһ㲻йϣ˵
˵ô²̫ӵگ飬ڰѹʮաһ㹻˲¶ȡ
ǻʺ˵̫Ӹȸľ£گŷġ
λʺá
̫ĸ
ʺñϲӣȴΪ̫ȥ£͡
ִбűӳԾƣһһֻƵģžƱһ绹еȥ
ִҲɵӣûѵӣǵĻһֲ©ȥˡ
ղ¸ɲֹˣִֻӻܼͷѾѵá
һصУִбַ
ôأǲ˻ȥġ
ǾǴ˵
ԭΪŴ͵Ķˣ֪̫͵ģǸˡ
̫Ӳ֪ĸλϵˣᱻŵļһʡ
ǳִлǶġ
ɴʱǷѧ
̫ģǣû̫ӵͼΪ̫Ӹء
̸ɶܴŵ¶ǡָָݶ˼ǣ֪ˡ
ǶǱµɲ˽Ļˮ
˵Ǿһ˼ű£磬ſھҾҲûˡ
鷳
ִһ룬Ǹ⣬¶ݴӪӾΣ»ʢ޹úá
ִд֣٣ɣʱҪ


23 
Ȣ

˯Ա, ˬ
в£һҹû˯ȣ¹, ЦȥûЪþͶЪЪ
ȥϿΡ
Խ, ԽЩ飬쳭ƪǧ, ȷʵǲ̫
Ѿ, ٲʲӵĶ
ôһ, ׳, ˿İѶȥ
Ѧ֥ùȥһɨʵûܳ, ΪŷĥĥƢ
ȻֶдģҲ˹Ρ
飬ĵˣ
ȫûУ
дֶ, Ǳ۾, ôĵأ
ʵҡͷﷸֹҪѡŮˣǴŵҲҰ
Ʃ, ֻľ, ߹˾ܵá
ҪһЩҲѡȡϸȥҪҪ, һǧҲвñ
Ѧ֥Сѧ, Ů顷Щ, Ҳ˵ˣȡŮֻϿҲ
ֶͱȡŮ࣬ҲƧ
Щ㲻ؿ
һ䣬ΪóŮ飬ҪȥҺ̣ѧˡ
û뵽Ѧ˵ѧգ۾
Ѧ֥ףʵ۵ĺӣѻ˵͸治
ͺñҽЩ裬Щ£Щʡ
㶮ôһΡ
ȻҲԺŲЦĶ
װװӣģ
Ѧ֥ˣ΢΢ͷţЩǱظ֪ġҪȻᱻڱЦż
ǣ˶𣿾û˲Щģ
Ѧ֥һۣ˲ЩأУˡ
أ
ŮӣŮˡ
һ˲ԣһηԡ
Ѧ֥дȴܸСѧģЩϣǲΪá
뵱Ůˡ
Ѹѧѧˣұ㡣
ôţ
ʵˣԭȤ𾢣ûȤζģҲסˡ
Ѧ֥һùʱܰһǧֵŮﵹЩϧҪǴСʼѧͺˡ
һʱϧţ黭֮Уһѧ
һȤ츳ѧཻҲɣԼҲɡ
һ١
Ѧ˵ҪΪٵһָͷҸˡ
һĺٷˡ
ѦʮɣҲϱɫһݣȥһޡ
΢ͷ̲ס΢ǡ
ǻֶûã͸̸ˣ˰÷֦Ѧֻһ䣺߻òīɫȡ
壬һڿڰӣˣ͸Ƶġ
Сʱ㰮ӿڵͩ¿ͷ壬Ҳ֪Щŵֻǻû˴ͷ̵
ѧչ
ѧ壬̻ȥͼݶԺſڵЦͶֵˡ
ôʲô¶
үٶˣ
ŸմϢǰ濪Ǯÿһġ
ģó˶һ硣̣ûУǰͷȥա
ҲһȥҵĴϲ£صȥǮл͵ġ
Լýһͷ޺ϣϵǮȥ죿
㲻ĶͷһҲ̡
ӻͷһۣү٣Ҳˣȥ˽ڴأ̸Сء
㵽ôˣһأ治Ҫˣջ˹
Ҹ˵ɱ¡
š£˵ա
̸֣ҪȥӾ֪ҪֽסȢϱգȢϱԼļҡ
׵ģƩλͲ̸ܸλһ
һ䷿Ҳ¯׮㡣
ŻΪٵ¸ˣҪ棬ܵʯָ͸һ뵽Ҫߣһ㾫ͷûˡ
ƫƫ㼸кϢү˵Ů춼ȥǸװ
´ıҲ͵ˡ
ɰϻӶû򿪣һɣֱơ
ָָϵİÿӡôˡ
ҡҡͷ¶û취ȰԼ
ִٶֵ˶˼죬ġ
оң۰Ǹ辰͸
⽫辰̫᲻ǲģƴϡ
׾ӣұִͬû飬ûٵĺ
üգһװġ
С񣬸ű⼸ո˷纮ҪǷǽгġ÷ߵԵøء
ʯָ׹ûʲôѣĿ΢ѵǣ
Ȼǣ
һƣ˴װ滹һƤͼͼ߻˽ߡ
ݿͿСȥָС˸ɰ
С£ôһأˡ
ʣǸʲôõģ
ݶǸѥõġϲݻΣЩݶһ֪
֪ĳߴ磬Ƥ
һװƤСѥٹµƤӣѾ߶ȤɰҲֻһ˲
һӻ»̲סӣôˣ
Ѧˣ⼸տγᣬǰ̣ں
ӳ̷Ҫߡ
Ȼίʵûӵ¡
լеˣҲ˽Сӻ᲻һҡ
ɶ˶ûͷ˵ˣүôϢԼܶ
ѾǾ尢ģź̵Ҳ߸˵ӣȴ̲סҪ𶹡
ӣûһô
ӣ˸ڱҲУ˵ɱҡ
˵˵
ҪôǺ̼޸үҪô޸֡
һ߳ѣƨˣô⣬㻹ң˵òء
ףûһ취롣
ӢÿգҪŸ˿ȥһֱûкʵģЩҲԺ͵ͱƴֽˡ
գװװš
Ӣ첻֮УɱҰˣ磬ҲСЩ
֪Сģѱױ
ȥա
ǣ˳Ųŷ
ִǣŮȻǺ
ëƽŰ߰߰׵㣬һƥ÷УһСƤͳǶιһ顣
˻һ˦Դ
ݺ³ôãϵ¶Ц
һƱǰٵ϶ȥԷģϵŮŮʶģ㻥к
Ƚڻ֡
Ȼ̽һƥ
ëëڣųߣͨûһëֻֻѩס
һǧĺ
ñɴ׺һϸ飬һε塣Ѿˣɴɴ
ƣ̾濡
ϣһ
̧ͷˣŶɡ
֣һڣ͵ҷڿɲǿ㰡


24 ɫ
Ȣ

˴, Ǳ볼ӼҾᣬТΪѣº˾, ۸µ۲ñӡ
ӵҲ, Ⱥһϳ
ϲҲѣװĸ׼ġ
ʶӣþ, Ѵһÿ
ʲôѣһҪƵӡ
˶һۣôܸ㿴͹ҵС, һҲ, ѱ, ų̸̂ء
У, ĸ֣ŷӦ
ȭһΡ
䲻֪ʲôĺ, ·ϴװŮҲкЩ, Ŀȥȴһ۾ϳ
ϱͦͷߵǸ
߻мλͬ, ˽ǡ
Сӿ濡, Ϊ˵ۡ̽ɵͷ˭˲֪
λﵨӴ󣬾ǵĹû˺Եġ
׳Ѳ죬Ҳ׷״Ȥȥɽ˿һ, ̤
ǿɶۼġ
λòƲϾɫ, һװ͸Źˬ, Ҳԡ
û뵽ɡ
һۣ׷״Ц۵ͬ½ԥЦ껹ĽĽҲн졣
Ѱɴ£аɴڸǣ͵͵⼸˵һȦȻá
ͷƵģҪһ۵ͺˡ
ԼƥҲǺõģִܾŮСˤţȶ̣糤
㲻ӣô۵ģôС
ţ
Ǻˣĺÿմȥʮʮи
ԲԲͷԲģȥС
˶С￴棬˵Ц⡣
ͬﶮ
ȻҲʲôǴС͸ŰѧˣЩ˲ţߺһ⼸ƥһ㣬ֻƥʵڿϧˡ
˵ϧ̾˿
·֪һӦͰĻ
ִһͷŮΧżЩҲ֪Цʲôüͷ
͸ʹ˵Ƶġ
̧סһһɸϡ
˾ͼӰһӣٿʱѾߡ
һһգɾ䡣
½ԥһסۣļŮô˵á
ϣţֱͦסǳԲŻôᡣ
ۿ½ԥһۣû˵
½ԥҲԾĽŮӡڱ˿ǽĽٰУ񲻺ϡ
Ǳ߰ϵŤͷĿ⻹ڴϡ
˿Ȥۣ˵ǹͷǿǿ
˽ãò׵ȵ硣ܰ磬˵µĵʱջȥˣ̫ƽ
ǽɿ죬ЦҲࡣ
ֻͲЦ뿪Цֻɨ½ԥһۣû˵
֪𰸵ģڿ
ʱбųĹü١
ţֻһָͷ·˵ҲҪһƥ
ص복۾ܴһһУ˵Щʲôʱ롣
ϱӣ˲ûڴȶ
ϸϱûⳡ󲡣ǰĸȥȶΪƣּҾʹ˴ˡ
ûȻҲʶּҲŮҾټġ
һֱ鵱ҹǣŵһμѡ
ž游ʣĸҪּңҼɢ
ΪТȥ鷿ס»ӾֻǼհˣǼգҲÿշղϡ
Ӳ֪
˼һ𣬱һ
ֲú涣
۵ʱͷ˵ǣԭҪŵƥġ
ڵߣһﵽߣһﵽұߣתȦȦĥҵСԣʲôʱУ
ǲôֿʼۣҶѾ㿴ˡִѾƥԤŮһƥõ϶ƥǿ
ԷִаѰѰ͵Ů
һǣҪǰͷȥͬţ˶࣬ǵЩ
͵ˣװѽһȻҲ˴죬ϻŰʯָ
Ҳ֣˽ָһģһ
椻ƣҲ̫ÿˣôûأߣǱߣҴȥ
ûţһԸŮѰȥ
һֱڳʱŸݸƫƫˣ¶ͷϡ
УձŰ
磬»ڳʱڹ뾩ǷͬһȥװģǳݸľɲŮ졣
ҲмһĹټҾ죬Щסڱǡ
˵俪ˣζȻôš
λǴһ˵ҳ˻ͷܣȥ߿
椣˵Ҫȥ¡
˿һ۾֪ʲô磬̴ɵö࣬Ҳ˻еġ
ŮƯƯ˵׼أ
ͷȥգԶ
˴ӦúúõģȥĻܵˣûӰˡ
˨һ۾Ƽ۵ĴǴȻϵó̧̧ӣ
큸Ϊˣðȥ
ִͷӶץ˿Ƕԡ
Ƕģͷרŷ˲ͺۣǹͷˡռңԺöǲ
ƽճԵҲǾϸϣûƵĶһһ
ë˵һƥǧǲǣ˲ܣǲǣѽ
ҡԴβͣ
Ҳ佫ҵĹҲմѥŽŲҲʪءȸû꣬ȷ磺ȥ£Ȼҡ
ģͷӣúһƥȦôУ
Ƕû˵ҡȥֱϲ䡣
ܲסˣһûˣʹȥһȦܣ
Ľ⿪˨Ѵǣϡ
ʮŸ֪ңѰݳȥ
ݳм֮ǰȳϼȦʱܵøá
һȦͼ˸ŮӣһƥֻСߣǸ֡
ϼȦһݣ
̤ûƳ
м䣬ŮֱˣкڣԣܵúãһȦ
ôһƥȴдڣ
Ұ紵ññƮȻ䣬ۿҪȾͼһ̽һӰ˦ñջС
һʱγߴڵĽʵһҵŮӣ
˷׷ҡͷ֪ŮǴĶðġ
ϵñӣԣܸ˰գǻȥ̫ˣ⼸ȦǼޣȥҲ˷͵͵ǣ
˼Ҫߣ
Ϊ׵ǸЦӯӯÿ֡
ʣʲôһҵģ
һ߸ϣʻ顣
Ϊ׵Ž壬ͷڣʮˣͬڣµĴ˶ӡ
֪ԣְڣżǻһ¡
ڴܣûһһһûӰ
ˣߵ˵֪ûòЩҡ
һ˵Ƽϣһ֡


25 
Ȣ

½ԥڲݳ̸¡
½ԥϢۣ¸, ҪĸӼ಻ҲҪؿˡ׷ɵ۵ӲɸɱɱùصĹ, ʰò, Ҵ»ǵ˰졣
Ѵ֣Ȼ֪
мҲ֪¡½ԥҡ, , һµġ
˭֪ѾڣҪĺֹʷԺ
ڽ괺, ὫֹʷԺֳ, ˾ְ
ҲѾ֪ˣ½ԥһգ, ڼ飬Ŵ£ôϢҵĻͨ
ܵ治¡
ֹʷԺʷ飬ٻܲ
֮, ʷԺʷ
ԺԾټȡ, ٴθƣڼ׿ƽʿѡ١ϧʱѾǰǰ̽ˣûʱ
˷飬һΪȥ֮ΪԼıټ
ô, ·ߣ½ԥһ, ·
ɵ·࣬ңͶ̫µģҲаύġ
, ֻˡ
ֻ·ߡ
۴ֱ, ½ԥϱͬ, ҲڹӼͬסһӣཻ
ұ˽ӡ飬ðʱ½ԥдΪ粵Чã۳顣
û㲦䣺ֹʷֳʷԺʷȴɽ̡˸ƣЧǰԺְܡ
Ҵ£ֽԡ
½ԥһۣԭô롣
ϱ۱ô²ģҲ¶ˣ˺ԺĴ⡣
Ǿɵ۵׵̽ɡ
·Ҫ׵öࡣ˵꣬ͼ½ԥ¶ϧǡ̽ɡѹϣֻҪѹһӡ
Ҳü꣬¡ڻûȵ۵ɥأɥţɱһһɳ
ֻҪ£±ŭ
ɾǲɥǲţ·ûһλʵۡ
۲һǡ
ٹü꣬Ҳʣ͹鸽ĳӣֻһ䡰˾
Ǳµһ֮ȴ˵ҹ͵ڼС
ߣҲҪߵ·Ȼƽ๷¡
㲻ס½ԥ΢̾ԶĿݳۿ˻ʣǣ𣿡
̧ͷȥ
ͼϣñ䣬һ޾ջС
Ƶݳ߰
ݳŮ£ɴ
⡭½ԥ죬ɵ㣬܍Hأôڣ܍HͬûˣһĻϸñ
½ԥ˵ǱǼǡ
סȻüš
ΪǸ׵ܵܣСӣ˵ģСӡ
ʱûл˵½ԥھǣֹḡȨ࣬һǼƣ֪Ҫá
죬ҪҪǰΧ
иô룬Ѿǰȥˡ
½ԥһոﻹ㶼ʶˣի޳ǧ
Ǽ˹Ȼ¹ΧȦУ½ԥͼԽԽϷˣ̬
ǹ۵ˣ
ԭϲŮӣ
ûǸǰŮѾΧܵûӰˡ
÷ɿ죬ݳصǣǣŴߵߡ
˨ãͳιڳԣܸ˰գҪܣԣ
ֱֲᣬϧôһء
ֹ
һͼվ
˸ţͷָϽסûգ
׼۾˵Ϲ½ԥǰǷſˣ㱻ΧסòˣΧ
ü½ԥˣ˵ǰͼӴס
ø˾ǺˣԽԶԽá
˭֪˵Χ¶һЦտģлл
һװֱñסϵھ䣬ԵüŨСϸĵĿк⣺֪ǼǺˣڶˡ
󡭺ڣۿ۰ǣŵĴ˵ڣ˸ǡ
½ԥһûסЦ˳ƥ̤ѩô
ЦЦˣԼǡ
֪ǸƥȲϴڣҲаա
½ԥڼԼòȲۣ۷۶ʮ֡ˣһַûеġ
˭Уûˣֻ
½ԥЦˣͷôأ
ôҹŮǧ۽ԲģͬЦʯתû뵽仹ʯġ
Ǳ椵˰죬ôҲȲܻ˵ȸû
һΣˣ͵˵ץţ
椸Ͻܹûأֱֱԭء
½ԥﶢסۣƢĳЦһ¡椷Ż۷½ԥһЦͨ졣
Ťɹˣ
Ҳ񰡣ñء
һʱȣס߰գҪˡ
һͣ½ԥЦۡ
۵ȻҪͣСӡ
½ԥٲҪϣһɷˡ˷ЦøӭƵģˡ
ʹǰߣۺ½ԥš
椵ʣ˭
˵Ķӡ
ǸǣЦһ£ЦǸÿ濡Цһ
ҡͷҲ֪ҲͻС
椼ֱҪšһ°ɣúͷ˿˭ˣ
ˣӵһë
ҪҪʣ
𣡡˿ĭҰôô
УʾͲʡ
~椳ӣʣͷǣҡ
ǵʲʣ۾ϲδʱ򣬾ŤŤ֨֨
˵ѧӺߺߡ
ߣòã椲Ҵϣ˶һ̡
ԽԽͷҲͷס˵
۸һ̣ǻ᲻·ˣ
½ԥֱԶԣ㡭㾿ǴĶˣôõ̽ʱǲǾͼÿˣ
ǣ
Ȼǣ⣬飡
ʵ˻·ˡ
ȦÿŶ࣬ҲĶС
ȥ˵·˰ա
УҧҡͷǸ֪·ǶඪԲУ
½ԥѾƳ·ΪǰƣΪܸ۴ϻ
ƽ⣬̧ǰЪһЪ
̵ͷúãЪһЪȸֵͮͮ
˵³
۴ʱŵδϲֹִٵ¡
㲻ǹϲҰôЩö۲ˣɱ˵ҪóȥģϹ
ϲЩ
½ԥ˳̸װһ߿羰Ҳ½ԥǱ߿װժҰ
˵˵ţ̾ԺֿסͲʱźˡ
ôʡ
ڷһ׮˵¡
ʲô£
һۣǲǺܴ˵ģ̽ǻʵǰԵĵȫµˡ
ȲϵһڶˣҲǺܴˡ
ҵҲôġ
㡣ô䶼Ҫƴǣ˿ֻ
룺һˣ˵ԭסһģҪֲֿֿҪô죿
һˣֺҪָ
ּסڱǱ߶Ǹ԰ЩҲ¹󡣵ؼ۱͹ԺĻо֮ʱЩǮƣҲּҸڵ԰ӡ
һ֦ݸլԺηֲҿһ
ҿû˵ҼҰϡ
ãֹｫǼլԺηֲҿ
֦˳
լӣмиС԰ݡ
۽ӹ֦ԺӷֳһһСԺڴ˴ؿţмԺǽʵʵʵͼӵšͷң߶
۾һµˣ


26 
Ȣ

ƺ, Ķԡ
״Ԫһ۵ڶ̽Ȼǵ
µ, ȥǳ
ٿ˫ĿտȻ, һʵ⣬ûôС
취μ, ȥ͸ߺ̣
֦, Ժȫȥ, , ŷ, ߸Գ͡
ΧǽĻϰСһԺÿͷһ, 춼̣
լô, ûסǽҲһˡ
ֿ˻ԽԽõİ취
۾üëЦ, ôлѽ
ۿ¶͸Ÿ, Ҳüһɣ֮ͣлҡ
ʵǸ˼ҷּõİ취ûžһ׮
ҡͷ, С, ҷ, ȻҪúл㣡
̵ǮլԺֲϸǮһûпݣÿƼء
Щⶼˣ³ϻ𣬾ջ춼ںȣͷ⻹Ƿ졣
ºˣҹﶼ˯ˡ
ȷʵлûʲôҪлġ
šüë˹Ź֣ȻѡôлͿԼ֪ˣҿл㿴հա
Ҳáĸ׶ۣ˵Ǹˬˡȷʵˡ
ʣǲ·ˣ
һ򣬷ɿ쿴۴椣Ѿ½ԥϻﻹժһҰͷ˵Щʲô
󷽳ϣţ·ˡ
ùľֵ֦ġ
ߴƿܿĲݳپңԱ
ΧסǼס뻹ǵøҲøߺࡣ
ĸ֣⼸Ѿǿ
˵飬׾û޶Щֹﶮ𣿡
Ѧụֲ̂ô֪ǵͷҶ
ۿˣ԰á
ֵһڶԴµ󡭡䣡ǿ߰գҲЪòˡ
Ъȥ˵ͭˡ
գһչ˻񷽲첲첲·ҵڡ
ۺ½ԥǰͣڴͣ£ߡ
½ԥڸҹ˵޲һ˫˳һʯڸ˵Щʲô
ûʣ۱Ȼﲻģ²ڣΪС
Ǵ½ԥҹ̫ḡ
ңĽҲ˼˵ңּҹʲô½ԥѾѰ˸߰˰ˡ
ּԭǸʲôģ°ĵʲô٣ﻹʲôˣȫˡ
֪ŮƼģ˻˰һ
ԷɣǼҶûţ͸ּҹһӡ½ԥﲻء
ĽȻҲٵѧˡ
㻹֪գּҹԷըˣըóԣ̣ǼҺü͡
ⶼǰ椵ģֱ½ԥЦסۣһһʮ֪ȫ˵ˡ
УӣѾһޡ
۶ˡ
ɺ˵ѡ
ô˵գ˰~ϳһϣžһ½ԥǰȥʣȻֹҪ³ģҪĸʲôͷ
³ˣҲ˵ˣǾ͵֪ľַش֮
½ԥһ֪۹˼ˣôǻ˶ϣ
ͽ۶Щ
磬Ķǹپ죬Ҳң½ԥš
üʱǲңһ˶ϣǡ
½ԥϡ档
ɴˣ˵Գ֣ʵúܡ
֮ˣ¶䵭̬֮ϲ֮ˣҲ¶֮顣
½ԥأû뵽˹
ǲǸԤ»ˣ
椽صС
˼ǱǻˣٲҾҪӴѰˡ
ϽģЪһЪʱʿŮӲμˡ
һҧҲȥ
ﲻȥ㲻ǰ֪Ůȥ̶̰ʱѾ˸ˡ
ҲΪʲôȥ
椲˵
½ԥǶˣһϲأϱߵĶˣƲҪòãô죿
ˣɲ˺ݺݹŮһۣѾ˵ȥˣԼŮڲȥɲ
ۣǱС̫Ѿˡ
ס߰գһڳֲû
ӱŽˮҸ󣬴ɰݸС̫ࣺ빫Բ衣
ʱݶˣӿŲԸ꣬ЩǮǱҪٲ˵ģǮз㡣
ȻС̫һõѰ´ȥ
һ̫¾ϸѡģҲִѡġϸȣÿƥǺƥࡣ
ֵӣοӮˣͰѲͷ㡣
ڰȻӮģ⻰һڣߵˡ
ǹһ쵽壬𣬶Ÿ뵰ĺ챦ʯۣüĿ续ԣŤ򰢱´һӱ߳һ
ƾ㣿Ц
椿ˣ̲סǰҪߺʲôӲźߺأ
һס椡
ǹ⣬̫ЩãҪԼġ
˵תߣūŮ澸һ
䣿ʲôѽ
ʲôģ˵ӮӮˣֵ¼¡
ԭҲҪ˶ԳѦ߹ĴƷţë࣬Ҳ롣
˸ϸ˵Ĺ¡
ʱ·ܹ٣ŮܡһϸͷУٽνηΪǸӣá
ϸݺһڣϡӹ١
ԭΪƷǴĹˣǧƷھǲǸӹ١
ʲôãӮ˲ġ
С̫෽˸⣬ʱƽҵĿÿûҪǳ߳Կ
椷߷ߣһҪӮ
أ治
椴յ˵ʵԣΪͲô
ϲϲأò治һˣ
椻ϳȰԶˣ½ԥϲòó
ֲϣҲǿ
ŤͷԼһƥȸ׽飬ͷιóϸëˢӣˢˢ
ôֱβë椴Ϊа취
ҵǶǹԹܵһ
˵귭ȥ
Ҫ㲻ܴññһѣݸӡ
ȡɴðϡ
ʱ࣬סڱǣȻһ࣬һࡣ
ýģСӽɴ۽ͷһ棬һϸЩǲӮҲǧˤ˰
Цʲôʱˤѽ
żһߣ˲еŴйȻǸŮڡ
ִͬڰǰƣ˵幫ѡŮӶӣһ֪ͷа
ٱһϺüװŮһ۾ϳŮֱ֣Ǹǡ
ûǰͷһɧ
Ǳִƣ˸Ҫ°л¹ٵȥڣְա
ָƣͷԽԽᣬһ̸𽫾ɫ˫¸輧
˵͵ģ۹⣬ѡŮˡ֣輧ɼǲɫ˫
һȵòˣԿ磬þˮƵﵹ
ִѾм죬֣һʱ벻Ķ
Ķ
벻ֱֱ˵һأǶ˵ģ
˶ѾִԵͨ죬ģãٶľƣһͺˡ
ʣǲҲһ
ִɲʱһƬ汻Ǹɲţ¶ʣ
һЦŮ˽ţѾͷˣ˿ǮǮ
䣬һ졣
ŮӷŻͷһȦ¹˦
ܵڶȦͷѾ˽Ů
ִнһ۾Ƴŵ
ǸŮ̫¹ƥֵĴ𱦾ԣëֻ̫롣
ÿܣֻҪˡ
һ֪ƥͬŮӻЦһۡ
׻ƥˣ
ġιһǶë˵ǲ£Ǻúܡ˭ˣƤ˭
ͷһȦ˦ں棬ڶȦϣȦѾ
յ㣬ϵͬʱ
ƽһһ޳ڻСϣŭ⣺ϹĹۣȣ
أһϢ
ִԶԶţҲǰ졣źӣŮԿŮǿ
ȥͼȥ˸̫࣬ŸеС̫࣬ʹ͸˰
Ǵ̫ķɫǱߵˡ
ֺ£ʱСִ̫бϲС̫Цеģִˣޡ
Ԫɿ˱ƽŮִͬңһ˭
ִ̫еŮ
Ԫ۵ŶǸŮŵСѾͷӮ
С̫ཫԪ۵Ļһ䲻©ѧִִЦ󲱾һŸ˵Ц¾Ѿ֪ˣ


27 
Ȣ

Сմԡ
ûŮӵò, ϸ˱𴦡
˿ŮӣΪʵڷǳ
硢, ֻǼ, Ŀ̬ԿƷ
һɳƵɫ
ڲݳϼǺŮ费, Ӣͦ, ƫһغƤ, ʧ˽, ɷ
ƼǾ͸ˡ
ϳҵ, ԷЪ˼ŮӴȤʧ룬˫۾
һ˫۾, ǾͲġ
ͷ̾ϧ
ǵӰ, ִ˰ΣȻ˵ãһƥȻ˴ԡ
֪ԭŮӲ, ̫Ů, Խоһ
ˣȥΡ
̴һ֪ʲôһ·Сȥߡ
ǱߴѾ˻ˣȥӭӮӮӮˣ˵Ż, §סļ硣
ü
ƽ, ͷŭ, Ҳ֪ʱܷ²ŸնʤҪǴʱԼû
޴һӳϡ
ƥ˺һ˻һ
Ӵһ˳ĺƾװһޡ
ƽӴб˦ޣֳһ£ֲǴϵģлʲô
ͨԣƲ޶ѣ˫ͨ졣
Ҫ
ȲӮǾǷɱҲһǡ
Ż͵ס˵Ҫɱʵ̲סˡ
ҪʱƽŮ˻ȥ
椵ûôˣ˵ĺ尢㲻ǵŽơ
еĽƤ޵ݸȻ£Žֱ˵磬ǲǵù
͵ıլ
ƣ֪ƽŻģʵѵáҪ֪ᰤˣôһƥӲӵƯƫƫôˡ
Ե̴ӵʱԼĪ߰˸װĹ
ɨһȦͼһ¹ͽޣбȻװڻģ
ϸۣǶԵģϽָҲǶԵģ
ֻǡŮĳҪ˵Ҳǲ󣬿Ҫ˵Ҳ̫Զеġ
תȥ
ִңңƣʣΣ
ּҹãϲ졣̴ãôԲӿȥȷʵǹϲġ
ϲ죿ü
ҪʣִеǰͷлһƼִУĬȻ
ŮФ丸ôģ·ɣҲʲôÿĺ
̬Ҳɣ۾
ϧˡ
ͽޣŻصС
ҵȣҲûȵŮ³椣ȵһְۡѰ§ǰӵõĺã󰡡
˵ˣͽޣǻɷɽС
һ밢ûأ⻰˵ȥһû˸Ȣ̸Ŀڣ㵱ѹ׵ıұ
ܽͷأȥ
ҲƼӮˣǲϲҵģ
ɲϲģȻǸѵġ
ôɵĻ
һϳϱɫȥѾˣۼˣҲǲӮҴȥҺ
ֺأһְͬһȺ˴һȾơ
ƼϵĹǣҲƷһϳɨЩСһۣǿá
˼ǽǲ
ʱ˾䣺ʲôʱʶˣ
һĶˣ㵽ҼҾ֪ˡ
۽ݳߵ¸潫ôϳҼҵŮӣҵļϣƼһ
ʱҡ
ּҹͽޣ綼û棬ԱѾ֪ˡ
ʲôŶ˵ǻ˲Ǻˣѽ˵Ǽ˲Ǻ֪
ô³
Ϊʲô
⣡Щ˼ͬѼѹͲס
ѵҪ˵±˼ɫ⣿±˵ǰģڵĦĦȥ˵ڡ
ˣǻȥٸ̷һ
СҼҲ֪ն˲֪ʲô
һ뵽ЩȻҲðǸᱻ˵ǵģ
˵ȻԼƽ޹ʰ˶д£Ҳƽϡ
Ȳа취Ҫҵ¶ɣһ
絽ɢִﲻˣ
ѰҲϳչչ̷򡣡
Ѿ񫣬չڰϣ֣Ǻ˶٣Ҳûôǳѽ
°볡һξƶմƵķ˽ӽ
¶ģеͽӿáԼõĳ࣬˿ڹˣǲܰգ
ֱҡͷתͷĸСƵİѰ
ڳƿӣϡɵĿǣǸСӴԣǸɫصúú÷
ִʵû¡
лͻصϯϣ˷׷ƣǻȮŮƽʹϯһ̳Ӻþơ
ִ߲ܣȫˣŹ룬͵ڵϴ
ʵǾ䣬ҪŮ׼ңŪȥˡ
νЦأҵЦѱ¶ˡ
ִװ֪ƺʮ㣬İɽʱл룬ðҵǸ˭
ּſڣ̸Ժ
¸үӣ˽ţЪ߰գǵĴƹˡͷûۣĽֺͷѾ״Ҫٳѣ·Ҳˤ
˽ţЬӣճߡ
ȱŵүеѾߣȻ̺үĻᣬСԺҲûѧȸѧôӡ
ۿִг˻ϽСѾȥҪѾ
ˮִѥ
˷ŵҪɿͱ̸һסġ׼ˡ
˰أ˵ʲôأ
ý⣺˵ˣ
ִвһ
ӵݸӹȥӣëˣúúһᡣ
ð
ǡ
ȥȡӣӣԭСѾͷ̺
ӢٹܼңҲӡ𴦶·ֻﻹŵ˼
ˣ¹һ飬¼ϹŹٷǽűõĲ裬ϵͭˮëѩףһߡ
ִ̫䣬ȥӪأڹֵڼС
滹λ٣Ǹ֡ٶ²ͨǶʶֶͨī
ִмλѥ϶մźࡣ
ѥӣѾˢøɸɾ޺齱ߡ
۾һɨΪ⣬ٹǮ治׿
ӷ˽ĺӣ
ѾִһʱȲˣŽб¡̧ͷţ㷣
㲻ңʰúܺãµ׸Ǯ
ɿл͡ǮŰģ򰢱Ĳ裬ҪҪһյ
ðСѹ
ΪͻȻҪӣͷһԭǡӣӴ˽ᣬӿסˡ


28 ż
Ȣ

д, չһ
۽ӵʱ˷кȲ衣
游ЩӺ࣬, ߴ˴ء̫ү, Ŷá
ȹЩӣٻһº͵ķ, 
Ϊ, Ϊҩ, Щż, ɫÿࡣ
Ϸģ˶ŵ, ¶ϱ̺
үСʱϥ£һĸ֡
ү滹һ㣬ѾȢףڼʱ㳣ܵܽйȥ, ĸû۸
ϷԼ, ȻԼӡ
Ƕĸ֣ôˣԶϱȻ
˵л£ϰҲȥ, ôûУ
, ТڣϷ룬ĸףּҹ˿, ʹһޡ
˾ģôͬ˭ģ
Ů, Ĳ, ƽŮգ
ƽҵŮ
Ů
ʵ֪ǳŮǴŮƽŮʲôģ֪ҡͷҲ֪
һۣôƫƫ
ôˣ䲻ǵʲôƽǵƽ
ƽһΪƽϴƽǲϾǿĺʵʵˣᱻ
ƫƫƽ
̫ھеҲ֪⣬⣬ȸ㵹Ų
˿ֹסֹּҹ£¹Уÿѽ
ôԵĹ̥ľܣžּҹǸˣԵĶ﹣ϵܲɣ
δ֮ǰƽҲصݹͷ˼Ҳûã̫ү׼˵һס
֮ƽ񲻱ȴǰȻû
˼λӵ񣬲ӵ񣬻Ů
ͷңҺ̫үû㡣
ʵϣȢһʵϲˣͷΣصУиˡ
֪̫үּң̾Ϣһ֪Ӿϲּҹʱʮֵľּཻ
Ҫͺ
̽ͷ̽ԡ
С̶իԺ߶Ժʲô£о
۳һͷ񣬶ָӵݸۣӣּ
ۻΪǼ£һչ
¶ص鷿Ҳ˵ôƫƫҪͽ˭ͽģ
硣
ָ̽ӣðӹõ鰸ϣһ䣺ļҵģ
ּҵӣ빫չճЩӼӣ湫ӷּҪԻظż㡣
ѰӣҲء
ϰżֻϻӣϲһ縰һбǽõѵһ
۵ĽլǷֿģҲ̼¼
ӣ벻ָͣ
ͷԣʲôͣ
͵˷ȥӿͲû׼˿϶㡣
СûͣϷĽǿ϶Ҳץĸԣӹ˶ţ͵ԺС
ۻû˵ЦˣãҲһˣ԰Ѻȥ
Сһ˵ͷץǮ͸һġ
û뵽ͣЦǺϣµĿ׼
ͷܻȥѵķָ硣
Դּ¶ȱȥ׼û
˰͸ʲôãϻ˵֬۱ʯָֻСŮû
ĸҲϲƯƯġ
֪˵ã룺Ҽԭһͼ
СӦǣǹģһֱúءһֱţÿ÷컹óɹһɹ뷨۾һ
óϡ͸
СӦǣ¶¶ЩʱŹӵ̫̫Ժ߶ԺгȥģССѩ졣
ɰһ㣬һСѩ
СЦˣҲյЩ»ӣøơ
ǰ㣬㲻ڣǻؼȥˣѾǼٳŵģ¶С˸գһʡ
СǸּҹװƤȥˡ
˲ҳ͵㶫СһҲ¶ѡӣӵ¶ඨˣҪױôҲɰʲôġ
Ҳ֪ŸϵϳТ񡣡
ˣһң¶̲ס̽
Сյߣ˵µĶӣ֪ڸˣԼġ׮¡
ӶѾͨˣ¶һͷء
Ҳ֪¶ûͷӣ˵ҸһԶ
СûףҡͷЩȥգҪȡȥ
ȡù͵ɽ
ڶ۴ȥּҡ
͵ˣһţִڣʱ¹ڼ񣺡ִˡ
߽˲ſִһѴȱ˸ڡ
ԭǰѺϵظм˸ӳϷ̣üë״һ
⡭˭ֱʣ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôִǰЦֱ̺һۼϣСӣ
ö̸ûУɱһ̽ɡ
һͣ׳סû¼ִʩ񣺡ҵִ˿佱ӰйΪ˿һ䣿
һ˼֪ϻص±ˡ
Уղ¸£
ִ۾Բˣһأ㶼֪ˣ
ˣִ˲ҹš
ִǹֻ̽ͷڻŵٻȱȻͬΪ١
Ҫƽཻ۴ʮֿԼԼִаڳλϡ
ִпֿ֪񣬴ǫѷ
ԽԽ˳ۣǺȵ㡣
һ̸˼Т
¶ˣǡ
ҺȲ裬Ʊɡ
˳ã԰ʯͤ¡
Ѿϲˮģд۵ģ׼ˣǷһء
ǱŲ裬ˮȥɽȪˮ
ĵģһ֣һǸɫġ
רԤͰֵģҲһȵ裬ҪΪ˳⡣
һɨ֪ĲˮεģģܿԿó͡λѦĽ̵ġ
ûݲСѾͷۿС˾Ҫ裬һ̧֣աӣݲ衣
ִҲȾˣҲһȲ裬ϵһһʮۡ
һЦܴµĶ
ô죬Ǹʲô˼ƽǺô
ִ˲ضǣɽ𻢡
õִɽֻ̫˳ɨһɨɽ߳ϡ
оղ¸̫ˣȻͱǰȥġ֮ǰ¾֪ղ¸
ִ˵һ䣬º⡣
ƽߵúܽ
Ҳֻ˻ѱµĻЦ˼װף̫ӹܺԼˣҲƾƽ
ƽԺգӢҴжΪڴ顣
ҲͶЧµĿзġ
һݣֱʱŴƽˣﷴǲҲТ֮
ִû뵽ϼ򵥵һ仰ô˼źӣȱڵǿ飬˴ꡣ
Ǳϲඣ
ִ˴ɲȥ±ϲ˭£ֻһʵۡ
ִ֪Լõɽָ˻ʵͰ͡
ͷʯأŲ豭˵Ůأ¶ͷϣҪҪҲ䣿
ɣ۳ڶ
ж


29 
Ȣ

һ䡰ɡ, ִкͺסˡ
ǺȻعζһڰۡ
;òԾˣԲСõ, ɾôϹš
, ȻڵǼҵĺðײء
ҵÿӳ
ִȴûͷ롣
ʵ۵ĳ̽ɵͷԼҰ̫Զ, ôôһ·ˡִд˵۹, ̽ɵɡ
ҸҲǹĽ顭
ϻص, , ˭أ˵Ŀͣȴܵľ֡
۴, ȷ硣
ʧǣʱȲִֵǸ壬㽫, ί񼸾ǡ
ִпɲίһ, Ҫֱֱȥ˵Ҫ˶ǳҲ¶
ȱǵĺӣҪ˵
ȥű´ɽǶ浶ǹɳģ֪, ֪, ܲ˵
ɫ䣺˵費ףһҪ˵䲻ϲĻǲ˵顣
˺ΣѾǵˡ
ǵ, Ǿ˵Ҫô类֮, Ҫôͻﱻ, ̲ͻᵱ١
ִһöҳ飬˵ǵ˵
ͤУʯִС
ϱӣֹϵʵ䵭̸
ּΪβδ̽
ɻӣȲӪֲû
ȴñ½һصϡ
̫¿ֱӱܹطԱƥȵ͢ſʱѩˮƵ롣
һּˣǮ
˷ģԭΪ³ֱ
ϱӱ¼ɣ뵱Ҳ·ߡ
ͬб·ˣյԲƣִһ
һԵģֻ˷ػֵһ
ִбһЦúӶȻյӣһ껹ӵ׶
뾴Ʋͬȫһڡ
û뵽һյ趼һȿգͷһյ裬ģȻҪꡣ
յס
̸üë˼ǸСӿǼҰ
ִҲ庫üë˼Сܴ
һ߿ĿɿڴԼҵĹӣԶݲλˣţ
ƲۺȲ裬ȴܿģҹӣһͣһ£ʵûôȹ衣
˵˰Σŵȵ۽յ
²յô
ˣá
һյ裬ۺ˸ˮƫƫʱǰͷ˵ڷˡ
˵С֪˵Ƿ飬Ը˺ЩˣģĹأǳǵģġ
֪ΪТóĹϴ˺ü飬һˡ
ϻسԵѼӣˮѼֻ˹ǣѼ⵹ûóԣóԵİ˱
Լٸˣȴزˡ
һػȣһ޺أٸݻ˸
ִиԵıƽЩͳ⣬򣬺ͷըԪټһüĴͷžһ
ˣԴͷ׷þ
ǰ̸к˳Էû
˵Ҳû׽
ȺѾͷһһֻ㡣
üãͷһ飬ƤţҲɢִȲż⣬ͷմ
̶࣬ˣһ㰡Ҳͷ
أʵʵʮûȡ
İ˱Ѽһ㲻ۿ˴ãԵþͷʵ㡣
ͻȻ룬Тóһ
ôһ룬޵ŸռգҪΪ游Тأ䲻ҿ˿ţǲ˼ҪҪȡ
ǳԵüܵġ
Юһ޺أڿ
ӣõǰ˶»ڵʱˡ
ǻԼüھм֮ĸʹ˳赽ּңŲٰġ
ּףױּ̡ҿ϶ûܺľͷûּҾߣĸ׼ʮױļޡ
˴ʱĸױʹǲǸð׵¶̨ˡ
ѾʶֱֳཻϿɣ¶ˡ
۵ͷҲãǲýȥҹζࡣ
극۸ǣ͵ſڣųӡ
֪ǳԳˣһ裬ֳһˡ
ٺһЦܻУ̸ǼҹҪýˡ
ִ׹˵ɣЦŰ֣˵ţҪ˵ס
ɲš
ưգ죬϶ýš
Դһһֱθ嵭ʳΪճҲ࣬ʵǳԳˣߵḮû
ջصɽŲͲ
̿Ų߲ѣûţ֣ӽ첻Ȳˡ
Ȳˡ
ּҵķʵϣ׷ʢģðⱲӣûӳô෹Ͳˡ
Ե·Ѽ
Ϊʳһ·ǴӱӲ߻ģ
ʱȥȡɽùӳһ
ۺöɽ裺ϴкҪȥĸԺС
Ҫޣ֪Ҫѣͷ𣬻ʳ裺۸ʲô£ôôԺӣ
۵±ĸǲýȥָ
˵Ѿ£̫үӲãǵøϽٰ졣̫үĲһպùһգƯЩ
仹Ͱ͵Ĺ˵Ļ˵ý£Լˡ
һŮټּҹϳķͷ˶ƼˣǺϲĹﱻȢߡ
Ц裬ȡӡ
ټţҲúС
飬յǰͱùȥһҵļգհգǸӡ
ôģҪ£֪̫̫һҪ̫̫⣬Ҫڡ
ĸ游ĸײġ
뵽ˡ
ǳɣѹý±ܲ϶ߣذգҲҪЪˣԺ϶֡
۸ĸݡ
ù̺һ£뵽ķ巿ۣ㣬ҵúú˯
Ǳ߰˵ĺ
úţڵϣһƿ˿
ΪԵģΪǱֱ˵ġ
˵ë羢ιôģ
ԼֻҶӣ̲סһһ룬ģǵգ
Ҳһǹ壬ʵѵõĶ
壬ϡֶԲһˮīΪѵá˵һƴĶҪأ˾͸ˣ
ӻ̣ʵڰع
˽ȥӢ죬صĻ˵ڣصĶѰ˼òóҲ
ҲʲôӢҲأⶫҪôźð
óֻ롭Ǽҽס
Ӣ밢ۣģ
һȫ˵ˣǷߵõĴѾߣ˵ֲ˲ûߵʱ򲻿Ǯ
нָѥ׮׮һǾʮʮ
¶ɱ߰ģҲ˼Ų˵ɲùﵥ˼
̷֪˽˵ġ
ô֪أӢͷ㿴£رӣѾͷϿ̫ˣҪܳƽǾͺˡ
¶
ǲýȥּңý˼ľӢ졣
Ӣ쿴ɫ˿ĭ˵ˡ
׮Ҫ˵ãٺò
ŵھŵϺţԿ֮ҡҪ۲ѧ̽ҪƷֵܣִҲ޲ڡ
˵ˣǸһ˿ë
һϵĺ£ǰ˵²⣬Ӣ춼Щ¡
˹ý˺ü飺ɣ
ýֱϡ棬û˵ôͷ£ȥʱָ֣Ҳֹ
ǳڸģ˵Ҳ˽ýû̡
һµӻӣͷӣЦӯӯǣ̽ɻм
ӢҲֱֱ˵裬¶֪ˣɻãźöᡣ
ƫֵ
ɴʰԼ˼
Ӣ쵽ȥӸϻԼݣ˯ȥҸǹл˵
ӱͷˣʱֹʲôѽǵû˵
ˣӢŶ԰˵ˡ
֪йýţСˣֻǲ֪˭
ǲ˵ˣҪŮ
ؿɲͷǼǼ׵Ķˣ׸ĸӢҲĵ࿴ʵҲɣòЩ˲ؼС
ˣý򿴣ˣٸ
һҲûУΨһһòõģ˵Ҫڡ
ҪڣǻʲôŮǲǰּҵļҲƣȫԸȥˣ˵ڳԾ
˼ô˼
˭
ɡ
ЩԾô
Ӣһ£ʲô˺úһ̽ɣô͸һˣ
ʣأ
ɣҲÿҲҲ
ǰҡҡͷҲ롣


30 ͼ
Ȣ

ּӲһٷ, 춼Բʲô
ԵñأضԲȥʳ, һ, 㲻붯ӣÿֻЩࡣ
Сÿ춼ȥɽͰź, Ὣչӳʲô, ҲǱˡ
ź۶õ, ÿȥ, ͸̡
۰źԡ
СʣôҲˣ
չйӵʳ, 鱾ǰ£ƫƫТܲҪź۶ԣôɡ
ֻ֪, һٳˡ
û¶, ȣСģӲԼġûţ춼ǳɽʳء
ּһ, ܶ졣
Сȥ㱨, ⼸Щ˼跹
ǣ趼ٺȡ
˶УǶӹּҵ£żϻ, ųԲºȲ, ڿһЦ⺢, Ҳļ
ôлأŹ죬ý˻ûء
ǹ۸ʱԼץûżƣץһ֧һ飬үϲʲôƵģֱ˵
뵽ӴС͸ϷƵģôŵζˡ
аգȥһߡ
ȳȥߣý˵ˡ
Ѿ߸ϲ裬ЦӯӯʣΣ
ТڣȰ¶˵ȳТһ
ȵȢ
ֻһӣҲһϱصúúòٰ죬Ҫʮȫʮźá
˭֪ýף̧С
ô˾ˣּҾûӦ
ý˶ҿ˵ɫԭ¶ð켫ˣ£ٹԸ⡣
׮ýʡŲǮ
ּȥʱЦš
˭֪λ̷˵Ǽҹʵ䲻̽ɡҲ˵ʲô־͸˸ĺ⣬ú˵֡
ýź͸ŸɽƵģô˵
ҵܺÿһҪΪ²ôڸŴ߶
ý˺޲ñһģͿʵʵڰµģּҾһ˿һĵּԸԸ⡣
׷ʣ˵Ϊʲô
˵ּҹ䲻̽ɡּλ̷˵ԭһֶûҸѽ
֪ˡЦ⣬һ۳裬ָһʴ͡
ý֪ǷǮαסˣɲܵͷȥ˵ףּûӦ
С͹ý˳ȥ˲ŵ⡭ô˵ôã
˶ǸƫƫƲ
Ҳ޼ƿʩԸ⣬ּҲԸ⣬ǻôţ
˵ִ˲ԸأǹﲻԸ⣿
迴ˣǻ룬Ҫôͬ۸˵ա
Ĺѹû
۸˳˳ˮúòᣬӿɵͯžˣһ·˳˵ԡɷ򲡹ʣʱѾˡ
ⱲĴֻۣ¾¡
룬ҪôӺã
һͷۡ
۴Ͳ˶һȺãȲؿڸֲ֮ɫ֮
ӵܣáаģаٵģа̵ģǰġ
ףҪۿģʵ̫ѡ
Ҫһ
ȶһʮ˵
˴̾Ϊͬ⣿
ʵ˵롣
Ӣڴſڽࣺ㲻룿
ԴϣҲ밡
һϵĺ£롣
Ӣü㲻˵Ҫÿ̽ɻÿҸÿģǲȥɽһ
ҲÿҲ˻áɰǲ롣
μǵõ˵ģȿ۾޹ƵġҲĿҲΪ͵͵Ĵץס
Ϊ飬ĿֱġСе㵷ֵú
ǡ㻹Ҹʲôģ
Ҳ֪ˡ
ӢЩôôɵҪǴԴܿϣһ١
ҾǲǾǲ밡ֻһ̯ߣŤƵһʲô취أ
˵һʮ䣬е
Ӣ쳤֪֪̾׾ˣûôõˡ
֪ǲ룬ǿͷҲ롣
ڶִֵӢ׵¶
ִŮһģһ㣬һаСӸ
Ӣ͵񣬻ѹý˵Ļ˵һ顣
ТڣԸȲţТٰ
ִ۵ģȷʵŮӣִԶһӻһġ
ȥ۲ᣬǷԭԭ
֣ʲôʱôˣţⲻţȰִУô࣬Ǹ£ǻˮȥģ
ִдӴüëûã׷һ࣬ʵͲס
磬ɱң
ߺߵĴʱ룬ɣô׼أ
ǣʹûУ¶⵱ʣȥʡ
Ӣءһʹˣ˵룬⣡
ˣִСӴ꣬ͷǾͲգ⣬ǻ죿
Ǿף
ˣҪô죿ѱСԣǲ㣬Ҳðòһӣ
ҵ£ּҸŮô仰ɸˡ
ûȵĸ׵Ļ̫̫Ƕù󣬵ĸС
赽ſסЦ˵˽Щͷۣ̫̫Ƕ˲ģ밲ˡ
ĸ֪ĸͷʹҲһġ˵žҪݡ
ЦһͣסĶܶ㵽ʮ尡һ
һݣżŰ㣬ỽһĸףӽˡ
˵ƹߵĸ״ǰͼĸɫãֻüšţȥȷͷʹ
˴򣿡
ãû˯ãԲͷʹЪһЪͺˡ
СͲ裬ͷ̧
Ŀһɨ趼㿪ӡ
ˣʲô£
ǿЦʲô£۸롣
ĸָĸˣĸĸǶһôùĸĸɷȥˡ
ĸĶϱĸҵŮ
ֻĸףÿ밲Ҫл
һʱᣬ֪ȥ֮ĸҪô졣
ǡۼ㲻ɴһҧŶӵ֡
Сæ˳ȥ
ýˡּңûӦ
һʱ㱣ȻûӦ
˿ˣסӵ֣ǲ£ͷزӦǻ»
ӦӦ
⻰˵ģЩħ˼һʱסʱҺҲеģҲŵڸߡ
ż
Ȼ֪¶Բϡ
ֻ³֪ˡ˵¹ڰνűߡ
Ŷӳȥһ۸ĪǡĪɵ˰գ
ۻص鷿ϡ
һɫ֪ղҪ鷿̺
ԿףϻӣͷóСӡ
ʵҲμǵÿӣϱûнʣּҴӦˡⱲ˽ʣּҷûӦ
Ϊʲôгʲô
תԴȶʼ롣
ûûʶҲû
Щȫ̰ȥһᷢ»У
ɻμ磬ɻƾտȥ
ִҲɻղ¸񣬵ûƲԼ±㲻½ޡ
Ҳȷʵϱûнһ¡
ԻǻϿ
Сᣬƴ¡
۵ͷһЦǵЦŴЦ
ԭһȢͼ޸Ҳͼ


31 
Ȣ

, ׵Ժ
ͷͷŻԺӵ¶Ѻֽ, ִ֧軨ӵıʡ
ֽϻլԺ֣, 㿴, ٰԺǽһ, һұ
м俪, ӶƵ, ŽžˣǻһԷ, һڣ
Ĳô󣬱Ҳסôֺòã
ִбסýܻչ, ҪӢչ˰, ףǡɲڡ
ܲðԼýŰգ
һڴӦʲôɵģסĽȢɩ, ǻܰİġ
Сĺ, Ҳࡣ
ʹˣӦˣ
ӢһӵĽ˼ۣ𶧡Щͷƺйѣóȥ, ܻĸࡣ
Ҳǰ˰, ˰, ھҪðСԺס
ڵĹְǽ죬Ʒֵ¹ʮˣٶǲ󣬿ҲϢˡ
Ӣ컹ǮһЩأǾȥԶĵطּǶĶˮϼĶ
ҲиĽ
ȥǮô
һ˵üôɣǲ
ǲּô˵ع֪ˣ
ӷɿ쿴һۣ⣬˵Ӹģ벻֪ҲѰųȥԷҲˡ
ӢѾҪǮ޼ԺסǴƷҲ˵ˣֻҪŮҲҸصģھ¸ˡ
ҸǮ
Уһ֣С̹ˡ
аţӱӣ壬ϥһǰˣǾţգ۾ʮ
գգ۾װģžž飺һʮӡ
أԱһӣ쾮һʮӢ֪ȣҲ̫ˡ
ٺʯ嶷׼۹󣬲Ӿ룬һǡӴ̣ʮ
ⲻףʱֱӷӣʱЩԱۻӣ򲼹ˡ
һʣĿӢ˻١
һ£ﻨǮˮʱǮʱðһ顣
ׯͷ˵ǮʵԩͷпյأֲˣǼͲ˾ͶûǮˡ
Ӣ˵Ҿ̲סԴ
ĿӣǾôġǰͷ̣ѳԽҼһѣֻԼСԺֲˡ
ھӣҲʱΪ˼ٸϼ䡣
һʮӢ˵ˡ
ʮڱѾǵͼۣټƽտӳŽʣһ껹ѡ
һҲͽʮ
һתͷӦǮ۳ɶֳ߰׵ʱ͸̵𣬲ͳˡ
¶һȡӣǶǽ
ȥȡ飬Ӣ쿴Ϊҵ¿ϧ
ֻðοԸвõģǾŻ׵˼ңССҲССĺô
Ŵ޽ţҲӲ
ȡ飬Ҷĺӣѹڶ£úȥ빤
Ƽ򵥣Ժ౾¶ţһţƽղء
ǽٿţͷϳӢ컹ù߳ΧѣǮ϶
ǽשûմžͿˡ
ЩҾߣǰдźֵӣ߹ģ
ӢԤķ˺ʵϣնĴͷ⣬廨еñģ˳һͶ㹻ǳԵġ
Ա˾͸ģǰŪ˸˨ʯһ֪ٵļҡ
ԼҵĿⷿ˸飬ڿⷿﲻõĴʯΣС齵񻨴г׵ĴֻҪţ͸̷
̶һˣҲúö
ӢסôЩ׵ĵѽѽģĶõϣ
ôòˣů첻ҪЩĴдƿС壬вߡ
Уˣ̧ȥмһܹȥ
ӢԽԽЦô÷ӣôģ
ګګɲİ취ġ
ÿ佱Щ飬ɲž£ʶú֪ˡ
գͽļֵůҲģһ뵽ԼӸվ£ϹҲס
һӣ
ֲףⰢĶû
ĸһģȥ˺һӢ죬˱ס֣ǰˣ
ʮˣɲǰͷˡ
ҲˣŻô˵
˿õӣطխЩǵŶԺģǺãԺҲˡ
ӢЦ춼ϲ£ⶼǰ⣬Ҫ취ҶѾԺӣͷסˡ
ãһ㲻ŰܷģӲ۰ǰҹﰡ˯ž
椼ȥּҰ
뵽ģ¶ţѾͷ߹淽㣬˵ٺûˡ
椣һ㣡ôôˣ
ȥûһ£һȦ°Ͷˣû£һʱЩϲ
˵ȣҳԲ¡һ˵һȷ硣
ĪңҿɲšӣŲĹ
椰ԵĶ࣬˺ܳԵõһȥ
ʲô²ˣУͷͣٸϵըõĻ⣬òУ¾ƣ
׼һӣ͵һ̳𻪾ơ
þƺòˣУ͵дĿء
ȻһݣżǺӵըζż㡣һȷ𣺡ͿǺġ
ӲݲˣѧҲǸζӢһŽףһȣЩʹϲպԡ
椿ˮģҪסԣסڱǣԲǸյҪ裬ҹι͡
˵Źͣࡱһ졣
ͣﶼûʲôѽ۾ְݣ˵ʵ
֨֨ͷֱֻӡ
һԵƣǲļҵСɾˣ
椺ϲǸ½ԥΪûȥ
ǲΪǸ
һס죺˵վСѾͷѾԾˣѾ춢ء
Ҵ˵ҪǲǶˣŲԷһһա
ȥݵԼҴĲ衣ѾָɳȥЦ⣬Űȱָͷҵȹӣָˡ
Ҳˣ椻Լ۾㿴ҵ۾ǲҲˣӶˣ˵ԭǣڿƼˡ
˵ȴѵû˻ˣ춼˵Ưˣĺÿˡ
㱾۾ʹѽ
ǲףôϲһˣͷҲˣҲˣ
ػ󰢱ͬǸɣǲ죿
ûҪҪߴ椣׵¡
ô
ܲܣܲ뷨ҴϲʲôŮӣԽ˵Խ죬һֱ쵽
һ죬һ߶Ǵࡱ졣
ּģӸֱۣӹģһľյûţⱲӣҪٰˡ
̾§ס椵ļ磺ȳԵ㶫⣬Ҿ
ҧҧ߬ȭͷã
ʱͰͷǴ򿪴
ҹﶼѬζƫƫҹζ
Ѿ˶ʮգ˱ӵ㻨㣬ֱˮÿһƬеñͷ
һͣڳݼһ
СѾͷ˲ͼͷⶼҹԿˡ
ﻹԼҹıиõĴͷء


32 鷳
Ȣ

˿һ, ֿգ䲻ôһ٣, Ϳʼй, ڹͰվ
ͷתôҪҪƣ
ͷдˣͳ¶
˵, ŵò, óȵСѾͷͷⶼǽе, ء
ݰ¶, óϽЩ
Ҷֳ⣬Ҳû¶, ֻҹܲס
ص̫ãҪ⣬Ҳȳࡣըը͵, ôܲйӡ
СѾͷѾ, ˣʱ
ͷ麹ɵϡ
Ͻ԰ӣܵ, 
˸ӢϹ, ͼڰϣϸźӣסӢ컹ΪǰǲǳʲôɾĶ
ȴ֪ŮΪʲôй, ڼԷ, ˱˼ֹܲסˣ
ִһ, ߸߾ڴϣǡˡһʵû椰ͷѽѽڼﲻǸ˶ˣ
˵ŤӢ˵ְԼԼ˿һˣТûԵôأ䲻⣬ɲֶ
⻰Ҳֻе˵
椿޿䣬ʵƨۡ
ݶŸֶ˸Ůȣ
ĸ˵һ룬ӣ治֪ʲôѾͷѾͷûһ֪ʲô۶ӡ
ʰ˵ûУǸʲôأ
ڻûУˣԣÿ궼
ޣŮǿѽǱŻҪԺöôģһûУ
Ů椿˵Ҫ˯ڰԥӢ˵ҿأİգҪЩ׳ȥ
һͷŮҩûˣֶ춼ĶָӢغңů硣
߳ȥ߷ߵŮծ
֮ǰӢĨᣬС˺üҵĹûһģǳˣ˵üͲԸȥȥ࿴
˶ŮߣԶӿɲţҲǶӶ࣬ԡ
ϴ϶Ѻȥôţȥ󣡡Ů࿴˸ŻˣýѾûš
벻Ȣס˦ӸԼȷ磬ԽԽ֪˵ʲô˵ͲȢ
ЩӣԵøˣûдװѹ˵ĳ
ŮȹӿָͷԼȹӷָͷ
ӢҲΪ³ôõҸˣŵҲҲôõˡ
Ľ͸¶ˣʵǳˣҲû˺ߡ
ԭأζû˵һ裬Ż⡭;ˣҸʲôİ
ӢֲͬԱǽʶ࣬ھǹǲϵ
˼Ͼ춼ģ͵۰ǰȻҪ
Ӣ̾Ů
ɵ׸ҪôãôҹУҾ޳ȥԿͷǧõ˼ң޹ȥ¡
ҪɶƲϣƵЩԸ׸ģ
¶û˵գһ룬ּҶѾˣĻ᣿Ǹ˶Ҫ棬οЩҪӵҴ塣
һزѵܸزɣ
̫ϧˡ
УͬŶڿĴ辰˶Ӳ̵ģƼҲ档
ɽһĿȻΧһ۲ݡ
ֻ۾ɵһߵҡϣֻͷӣңһһŵס
״ǰҡΣӣˣס
ܵžͲţһǲ
Ƿ
ϻ࿴ôǼҹòã
ʲôòõģֻҪǸŮˣ鷳׿ӣңһҧסȢʲôģû˼͸ˡ
ⱲӾͲŮˣ
Ůǻ򵥡ػ϶ľŮˣҲ鷳⹦ͷ˯һ
ҷƼ椣ôһ²ࣿݵúûϡ
һǣΪʲôСѾͷ¡ֻﻹÿզզֲףóӱŷ÷ò͡
ɩҲȰΧһߴߴ˶ۡ
СòԵģˣЩǳˮ
ЦˣҲǣǼҰףҲˡ
𰢱ϵӣһμʱϣͷȥֻƼԴë
ͻСӡ
ϣڿڵİ
ˣˣСͶˡ
ǿģضһ£Ƿ
ȢЩ¶鷳̫鷳
˶氢ϧԼûſϧ
椽Ӳ䲻䣿ҪҪѴϣ
ҡͷʣȲȣҪҪҸӣ
椻ҡͷͰ͵û¶£Ըûס˵
ţֱˣҪ˵ʲô
˵ٳԵģǲǲ֣˵׼ˣ
Զԣɵˣ
ҹס£˯޺ϣ˰һһ⣬ʣôϲأ
⣬סڱǣֻ¶ֻ۾ֻ۾ҹҲŹ⣺ǣ¡
أ
ǡһʱĶҪǻˣЩ죬۱ȫ˵Ц
磬ûһôϸĸ˵Цο½ԥûÿΨһÿ磬ǽһǷ
ûõĶˡ
ȻӯЦ⣬Խ˵Խֺ᣺Ҳ֪ܲټ᲻Ѿˣ
ԾӣǴӦ˴椵¶һð쵽ʲôģҿûӣûף
ظϵɽ»Ҳ椴
椻§סðҪܴţҿ϶úл㣡
һҪѾˣ죿
һ椻˫۷һ䣬ˣҪˣҪǶף
һ仰ϼٻˣ͵һǾˣ
һߣͷΪˣ˵ʣˮҪ裿йӰա
һӣڱЦţû¶˵أǡ
ʵҲ̫ˣϸ
ڶһ磬椻ڴأʹ¶ȥ
ůôû
ͷٷܽݣŴӸ˵
֨ѽһƿ񴰣ѣұ㶼㶼˼ҵˣ
ǵ˵ģϾŮҵĹҪ
һ֣ܣлҪ
ʲôΪҪףƳһ𴩹ȵߵűߡ
Ҳ֪ôаˣѵǵĲóƯ
ǵã
֪СѾˣһĹٷڳԡſŮǣĴۡ
һֱţ˵ƣǰֶ͵ˡ
ǵȻÿѽǹٷǵɡ
һۣû˵
ִŶȥҴ椣Ӣ죺緹ûУô¶
ûûУ˵~
ӢۿҴּҴҵߣԹ⺢ӣ͸˵ţǰæˡ
֪£ٰлˣһҡ
дţһŽƼƽҲţҪǸĸůӲʣҲޡ
ÿ춼ҪŮѧģҵˣŮ黹ûء
Цˣҵ㲻ҶЩ˵Ѧ˵ֶ֪УعС
զࣺôɣⲻŮöô
˵ףٱ飬;úá
ҪûأҾ͸һӻҪˣҾ͸һӡ
椵ͷãһֶ˵׳ʿ
ӣ۹
ˣͰͱҪϹȥŲȥݸҸɵӣװϽӣҡ
뺫Բ裬ů̸¡
¾Ҫ˰գ
ǣ¸±ȥӼְιӼ಩ʿ
ǴƷʿǼƷ
ӰƷƷ֥ٶ۴˷ֻǴӰƷ֥ٻҪС
ܶأʮ˵ĽСӣӰƷʮˣ
ҡȶЦǧ˰ա
ӼĽѧټܹܡȥԺ·һαڹӼɴΪ
ܵ˶ֵܵϰˣһԭӰƷĹٶܹˣһ˵ǧ
˵ţͼӣһҳˮ̵ȹ
ﻹ̺ӣңЦ˵ɣð
ȣָһ٣ôˣ


33 
Ȣ

, һԼؽЩƺϷ˼
Ҳ֪, ȭЦ, Цģӣҹ, ܲڻɫգ
Ҫխ, ˵ǶԵģ
Ȼɫ, ϱӶǸͼ, ˸ȦȢΪ֡, ޸Ϊᡱ
ǰȤúܡ
ӣ尢ͷֹ
üңĴЩЦ⡣
ظּҵ, ̡
ͷؼּҹ, ɿһۣ㲻ơզּࣺҹ浨󣬾㺫Ժǳô鷿ˡ
üŨ, θ, һͷͷɱӴ䣬Ƶķһȥˬ԰иĻӣڡ
ۼò, ҹ
ݴʵ̬, ̰, ԭϲŮӣֲԭۡ
ҹ̸ͷţӵЦۡ
˵ТˣСֹжȣϲŭɫûЦ
ֻЦһȴľ
˻ɫ¶ǲǵñ֪
̳СˣǰѴ͸ˣСˡѵ̤ɽӡ
ЩذӣдʳȡŹӳ¡
㳢ġϵŮжʮˣĻ˶֣ں棬ġ
˵֣Ϊ˺幫ӶһЩ
һᣬθڴ󿪣ζãһ֪ĸҲó¡
˿ϲɫԶʱһ˵ǡɷλޣ
ƺѾҹò׼ǸüԳϴּңǻһˡ
̫үŵϣҲбŮ
ҪǻˣеϧּҹһƬ֮ģ˲ò
ɶӴСͽ´Ӳϵͷ˵׼͸ˡ
ҪˣҲҪҲȱ䲻֪ΪִҪȥӼ࣬ǷݿͷҲǺһ׮
ǼҲܰˣ񡭡
һ֪ĸ̽Цˣԭô񣬾ͻô񡣡
ˣ
ˣϸӵ飬ͼüĿ̺֮Ц⡣
ô¶ʲôЦ
뿪ɽʱ⽫̽йʲô£㾡籨
̵ͷӦǡ
ůûּҹô˽һͻӵ֡
̧һҹӵϣ¶޵Ц⡣
ЦˣͷŶԣС
ʣʲôǵ¿أһܲ¿ǰ¿ųԲš¶ˣ
԰ͻ
ܵűֵʣǧҲظð°á
ͻүʲôѽ˵԰ͷʲô˼ͻǶĵҩٲȻ÷
԰ûĵҩҲ÷ļڣʲôÿ
ʯ񻨣ݺݵɱһۡ
ˣл˵ɡֲһȥûȥأԭɡ
۲֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôЩ棬һ°ڣֵֹ̧롣
ʯͤѾ˲㡣
ذҲһˣϻػЩϾ˼ҵ£ˣð㡣
ֻ£Ʋݽ㣬ֻӡ
۸׵¶˴椣ûӣһһʮˡ
ڴϾ͵㣺ɵѽ㣡ôƯˣһ۶Ǻõģ˼ף㻹Ҫ
һͺǮ֪ǼҸѾ߿ǮܱȵùݵĶǮô
ͤﵹȡ㣬ʱʱƳһۡ
ҪǼܵˣܵǮ
Ǯ˶ϧ÷䵽Ĺˡ
һ£͸ʹɫ˼Ҹͷȥ
ƨһֵһۣһȥȡϾͻ
΢Цͷֲؼ
ö˻ʹɫ۶ˣ֪лҪ˵Ⱥһ뿪ͤһ̧֣ˮīȡ
̻⣬ͷȺӣҿ費ˣȥЩˮ
վŲ۱֪ǰĸѾ
ȱһգʣֹҪ˵ʲô˵ա
ô֪棬˻ʲô֪ҪˣȻµˡ
иҪ¶Ҫ㡣
˵
ﻹĺ棬ôСƣʲôҪʣ
㣬ǸѣǸ½ԥһûУ
ЦһգĿ򰢱ôͻȻ½ԥ
ѵףΪ
йһ飬ͷʱֹΪһλ¹ʵģ
ôڶʱսͣͰѻ˵©ˡ
ۻ⣬ϵı飬˵ô֪ʱһģһֻҪ˵Ļһġ
֪½ּδסϱ½ԥļҹף۲ǵˣҲܼǵãŹ֡
ȥǱ
һİƣлглʱվˮָֿɺóˣ㳢
ּ˱лķʽǸˣźóԵġ
۽ӹһ飬͵ҧһڣȷʵ㣬ԼҸģζҪЩ»ĸ׸һ
һֳ꣬ڣùǡ
˫Ŀס΢٣ô
ＸˣЩʲôˣϲʲôʲôҪǣϲĹ
ԣüͷ⡭˵ļ¡
Ҳ֪ˣɴ˵ʵָ˿֣֪ģĸңҾ˵Ķ
ԶԶţּ֪ҹڸ˵ʲôӵεġ
۽ӹ֣ԽȤ
һ֣һȥ£Ӧһ䣬򷨽Կգա
½ڼеڶһֵˡ
½Ŵ塣۵һۣ½ַǵĸֵܣǵճ
ԼΪТ˶ף½ԥȴΪĸΪ٣ܲŵδס
˵꣬ͼ۾ɵԲֱͲҴеĵ֮֡
ֻҪӳϢƽϵ
Щ£һ˵ꡣ
˰䣺½λĸĴΪ½ȢŮӡŵ̫ߣ˼Ҹһۡ
һ϶ϣû̸ɡ
ǵˣ֪½ҵĸ۰ӣǵøȢŹ㲻ɡ˼ҲԸףͨ˼Ҳȥ˵ס
Ƕܲ˵׵ϻƵģʲôɰ׾ġ
΢΢̾Ϣ˵˻½ֳֵֻһ꣬ȴѾӣ½ֵ
ĸΪ½࿴꣬ûһܶ¡
½ԥС飬ȳֺ׵ܶҪǿöࡣĸ첻ͷֻûѹ
Ҳѹ˶ˣ滹иӣ˸˵׵͡
ڹʹ
۲ѵĸףʲô£ס
ͷҲҡͷȴ۾һأĬˡ
΢죬˾
ﲻ˵һѪĪաƫ簮
ѾѧˡŮǧ֡һ֪Цˣ˭Ҳ˵½ֵĵĸ۰½֡
ȻǺƫƫģ
ǡ͸һӣһأ
ż򷢳Ǿʵߴ椡ð½ЩϸϸΣôԼ
ȡСȥʯժһشصʯ񻨡
УѾ͵ŷС͵ȥ
һ֪СŮڴ򰵺ţüĿзΪѵǣһʱЩ棺ֹ˵ʵ˵˻ѻ
Ȼʵܴ
µһޡֲĸϲƷܲ
۶ִΪ˾⣬԰ҲˣֹӱģԼ£Ϊġ
̾
Լ붮Ϊ˱̾Ϣһ̧ԼǷˡ
վֵʯߣժ֦һ俪õʯ񻨡صͤеݸۣ͸ģл
串֣ӹ񻨣ҡҡͷ
Ѿ£ȴҪһֻ񻨡
ˣز֪ȡʲô˼
̾һ㡭㻹һѦʲô˼
գգ۾ǻʲô˼
һʡʲô˶һ֦
֪ӽճȥ
ҰңδȴˣӢ컹¨ʹ
һͰ̽еӽճţôʲôˣ
̴װͿǸ˵ЩͷΪٵĻȥּ԰ʯ񻨡
ּ԰
ɰʵףǣּҹֳ͹һȥͻ
ڿ԰ˣͤڵ㲻ء
˵Щʲôϸ˵һ˵һ䡣
ûУЩƽ¡Ҳûǵ˵ʲôӻ֣ЩӣңЦŻġ
˻¿Ц˾ͺãЦ˾ͺá
ֵּҹǹһ֦ʯ񻨡úõĴˣɫСС
ʯ񻨣
ѵǸ˼
ȡӺܵá
ժʯ񻨣Ȼ͵òʯ
ּҹ˼ѵöӲҪļٵһȣ
۲֪ĸ׵ͷתʮǧ⣬իݶž
żһ̧ͷ
С֮£ƿ֮Уɫ񻨣ȼ


34 
Ȣ

һʯ, 椻һжڵ嶾һӻҪʰѾ֪֪ġ
½ԥûס
û׾ͺãûܼϲˡ
ʲô˼, , ʹݣ˵ʯǼ黨, ǶӶร˼
, ¼ﶼҪʯȹ, ðʯָòͷġЩ, ̷ѾԸˡ
ǲеģĪ˵ʲôʯ, ԧϷˮģƬҶӶǿ
ûЩݶһһ룬һҲˡ
ݶִ, ʮ־, ̷˲˺ӣǮǷǮӿֱȣҪǻЩͺˡ
ݶǮǮģԵĺȵĴĶǼ, 춼ԼǮ, ĲģЩǮһ궼ֵǮ
ʱݶɵİѾͷ, Ǯ
ٶܼ, תɹӶġ
ݶ˵, ̾дӹӶѾߣǼӲء
ȴ·ֻͨӡһֻǮϻӣʮվҪһ˵˵һ͵ʷȥӡ
һֻٱ䡣
Ҳ˹һСϻͷʤ˶ڣҼһŮӶҪʤý篣ƶòֽҶ
͵һϻӲʤΪɡ
İޣ˱Ⱥɴ֩룬ԼµѾǷ֡
ӵ¾Ĳʤ֣һ֧Ӱһ֧
Цʲôöôأⶫһ꣬ɫͲˣӾҪźãͷ˺޲ͷţôʹһ֧
˵ŰԼõ֧Ҳӡ
Ӿ㶼ϸİٱС
Ժ˶֪ӵԸһĺöŴ󳵻׵
Թ̷˶ЩͷСΣҲʡ
û˵ףѦ
Ū¾ɴδ⣬ȵϿʱѦʲô˼
Ѧڽ̰ס
СѧдֶסȴöѦ֥壬Χ֮Ҫĥ꣬Ҫµúˡ
ôʣĵʲôΣʲôϵ
Ѧ˵꣬ˣ̾ԴɱϹЩġ
Ѧֻѡ
ͻȻЩ죬֪Լ˲׵¡
Ҳûãתͷ׹Ժȥֻмס»ؼһ˵ס
Ʃ𣬺춹˼÷ɰǾӡѦòȥôʽ̸ˣЩҲȫȻø񲹹βС
ѦԻСӺĪѧʫʫˣԹۣԹ֮¸Զ֮¾ʶ޲ľ֮
ûµѧ֪ܽӵĶǴö໰˵ġ
ȴʫʼѧһһ׶ʫһ׳ʫ
ȴӼЩĿʼƪ˵㲻Цˡ
סôö˶Ҫʫ
ǲǹģ
ùΣ
һѹλԺӣ鷿ʣдΣ
дҧгݣñõֽϺݴ۽᲻ֽ󣬰ѱһӣˣױд
СԺǧܣұŰӡ
ȴʼģһͷú첼ϸɳѧѧƾȵΧ廭Ȧ
š
˦޻˫裬ٵ裬ƵĻȥžžڰϡ
ÿˣӣݼ¿ţǶߺХ㶼ס㻹͵͵ӣ᲻᣿
ҡͷ˵ҪһֻҲǸϣֻҲǷš
ûǳԣǹһûԣΨһ£ȴ첻䡣
͸ϰ˰աȰջرӣϱˮһһĨ
ǻԶءʹǾŽڱޣĻ˵Žڱ޲սıУҪԵУǲ
һֱֻһֻűӣҲˣҲˣֻҪ˦˲ҽᵡ
˦һױ޷ʪˣžó˿
ӼѾԤˮԡ˼ǰʫ
ѧʫ١µһƪӵ˶ڡ
ڣѦռ٣
أûѧô١
һҪ椹棬һҪȥۡ
ʣһ죬Ҫȥ
ͳȥȴûӻûá
ùһˣǹأЩڼֻҺ࣬ٲһͻ
˱ǰˣ°ͼ⣬۾ټߣЩ֮ˣض磬һȦкü¡
ҡֹסھΣŴ椳Իġ
ڨڨһЦ治ֹ¶ҲͷĴǹȥⷨӺãʹ죬ֲ⡣
һֽų˵ڶٴ⡣
θͷֻܺϰǲ
Ƕڼţ嶾ӣԲˣ
ָͷҧôһСڣӣĲ
ŮܳԾǸö˶˵̣Ըĸ춼أģۡ
ĴŮҩ̫ҽƲ
̫ҽ˵ˣҵúúš
Ҳˣ
ͷ˾Źڡ
̾
ҪԼԺ﷭棬յ˸ĽԼӡ
ҲԼҹӣֻǰ̫ܳζõģôϺѡ
ӢҲ
Ϸ壬ֵܣҵȼʶҲû
ͷķʳ̶̫Լ涹ɳԸ
ˣòּôˣЩ»Լæ
֣ＸѾͷҲһæ
⣬ЩԼԡ
ôףɴˡӢֿ죬ûһʮֻ
һЮͷЩףͻ룺Ҫͷأ
ӣԸԡӢ̣ףˣҲмҵˡ
ȡóк廨⣬Ӵһ磬
ˣȫҵúóԡ
廨ϹȥһҧȥҶ㣬ֻ㡣
ӢһټӺ׺⣬ô᲻óԡ
ݶһֻһ߳һ޲ڣеĸŴ󻧣ֵ˽ʽģǼҵ˽ʽǹˡ
Ϊ⣬Ԥ͸ݳĹԱûɫ˿ӣһֻֻС
ÿֻǩģģСȥ
Դգ룬ڸҵİֻйٸ˱Ѽּаգ
ʯ񻨲Уܿ԰գû˵˰ա


35 ӪҺӸ
Ȣ

ǰ, ʽ
V֮۵ĸԺУóš
۹ĸǰ, С, аһ֧
ֽ۵ȡ£
˺, ǳˡĶӵļ, ÿµ, Ҫ³Т, ٷһ¡
㣬³һТ, Ǿ͵ðТصµף²ܳ
ֵһ¡
۸ĸ˴ĸ׻ط, ֪Т, ĸȴһزſɳƵ
ü΢ĸԼԺУҲɿЩ
Ҹǲ٣ЩѵãϾûּ, ϻĸڡ
عѾ͸ûʲô, ûĲȡТõǱ˵š
ض磬ĸȥɢɢİա
ðϲЦտ, 
, ܳԻ, ǸˣѰֲţػܵס㣬ݵѽ
ʮǳʱ򣬸ͷˣɿűݣģ˭˶ÿһТ˳
Ͻ̫ˣĻе̽ʱģ
֣̽ǲģɵ۵̽Ҷܼɡ
ϱҲڻ׿ЩԺĴʵЩǶ񣿡
ɲǣ󲮶ͽ˺Щ
ҲǼϲ£Ҽڵͷֱ
رүүҪķ巿ĸ֡
үү۵ײ
Σ
СǼᣬָżһѣЩ󲮶͸ġ
Ųɫĺ˿ĲĻī⡢ֽëƬ
̾Ϣһɷ׸磬ʵû˵
үû̫үТּңүСڼĸߡ
̫үΪ٣үʱѾͯүҲɣÿشѧлСܱܵԼС
ү˵ֳǰ
ү𣬱֪ǰĸǼҡȼĸԼĺӣǰͷģݺҲޡ
Ҵ󷿶׺
үϲΪ٣ҲǿֳܹڣȻѣȥѡ
ү˵׵ͣҴүǧѡΪѡ¥ҵŮеճŮҲˣܵƥ䡣
ѡˣõǰ̫үģͷӦ¡
ֳܵܲˣڷĸ׼ױʱ򣬶ֻ˱һݣˮׯӶ˵ܵܡ
õܵܲҲн
ִСηĽ̵г
ү֮ǰһӶڡ
ֻһţദúܲôˡ
Ŀü󲮶ȷЩʫԽϲ󲮶Ҳǣ׮ɱ¡
ֻһˣʹ̣Ҳͷ
мˡ
󲮶ϸһӣǱǣ
С˼һǸӵҲ͸ӵġ
ּҵĽأûУ˵Ŷӵ棬һ䡣
Сʱˡ
񵥱һ飬嶾֮ӦڵĶֻʱ¨һֻ¨ʢྫɵСӣһֻʢŴӡ
øɫ˿ҶСþģóӿ
Դ֪͸һ֦ʯ񻨣˱ּҾĥ˱˼ΪּһԶǲȢ
ͬ˵¹ί
ıģҪŮҲ࿴
ۿ˿ӣһֻֻɣһĸȭͷ󣬻һƾ֪ĸġ
ּǶٷг㡣
ʱˣɣŸճ㶼ٸûˣóȸЩա
ԣŲθ
ӣֻȥɱȫˣͽ~
ЦҡͷĸҵСˡ
Цһۣ룬ģ˵׼ҪԳš
Сӣ̧͵ɽ
Щ¶ռ죺Ǵү͵Ų裬Ƕү͵Ĳīִ˼͵ӡ
¶һŸ˵үүǾģּҵӡ
ʣĸִˣүүĽһˣԭҲû˵ִˡ
СЦһЦ˵һǶ֪
¶ӣһ̣Сӣֻͬɫˡ
ҹȥҹ
ݵʱ˵ҹģ߶ּġߵһ߾£һߴ衣
ּҵӣõǽ״ÿ
¶˵ԼֻգѾˣˬ塣
˭֪һּ͵ģʱ£ʶûʰ¶ʲôڣͰ͵իȥݵ۰ǰ
ЪЪЩҹգ
ͷҲû̧
ֵּ͵ӣҪҪһ
ּҵͷʳָ󶯣֪ʲôζǱһҳ
̰һֻôǺģѵ֬ӣ
ʢϣӡ
ǸģÿӼпױͽһζڷ
ҧһڣһǺס
̸Ͻϲ裬ȥӣùӰ³
ôģ˼ҹӣ
˭֪һֽ֣ڣžһֻӶˣԵöߺζθڴ󿪣껹ʣô
Саաʱȥʣ˭֪һֻѾ¶ˣָɽˡУһͷһ߽
ͷ˵⣬㰡
ֻûȥ˵ûˡ
㬡
ҪȻֹ
۳Σҡͷء
ΪȥʣҲ̫ˡ
ڶս磬λͬ
ԭТв˵ţĸ壬²ƣТͬƷ
½ԥ⴦ɽвĽطңڡ
ߴһأɽʯˮ˴š
ңĽѹǲ֪ϧġ
ʱͬסӼѧᣬնסѧģҪôģмһߵģֻ
νסĺ޲ã˲ЩͲЩܶͳɡ
½ԥסѧУҲԸؼȥΧƣɾǴƣѧ԰ȵķˡ
һհյʻһ䣺Σ
½ԥһܳӴôͶ̽ɴʡ˵Цһҡô
Ÿϱˣĸʵ˼úܣΪЩѹסˣ
صĹױ񣬵˵׺ԶԷſӡ
ĸżˣżҪСӶף᲻ͻҪϽҸͷͷõ£ϡ
Բ˵ҹĴҲûеý˵á
½ԥ˵ôţǲҪѵ۵ĸΪТ
ҡͷĸӣΪȡ
½ԥЦˣϲӣѧӵģȴǵһζТˣ˿ɽ
۵ۣҲ
۲δһʼȥۼҹµ黰Ǵӹѧֵġ
ζѧ棬Żѧӣι淶ʦְ
ְЩϱ
ƪƪҪ½ԥס̾̾ǲǻ˽Щɲһյİգ
ȷʵǣ˼ģЩǰ˾飬Щı׶ˡ
ȷʵЩֳȡһţݸ½ԥ
дǹӼ巣ѧĹϿָӼơ
μƿǴ󳯴壬ǵĸڹӼʱѾμơ
ƪ£óȥػᱻ輰ʦ
ĽǷˡ
ûɼǵó纲
½ԥĬȻңгڳΪٵģμƻЩ档
ļûˣؽնġ
һУһˡ
һˣϵ¾Ȼ¡
μ̫ʵڹѧƣѧΪʦ
û뵽㻹ǵ֡½ԥ̧ĿһΪûͨء
纲ʵֻͨƽƽ̽һһء
֮ǰѾڹӼ˾꣬ƾδһ꣬͸˼ˡ
ݲΪ٣ҲΪƽΪԩ
⼸仰ۻһĿǣ˵죬½ԥУȴһʱѪȣʱϱȸ֪ңұ㡣
۳΢΢ס
½ԥȴɻô
ӷ˵仰Ҫͷһ㷢ڴ
򴽣ֻӻĴ


36 ׽
Ȣ

һ, ӢʹӴ¶ˣȰ𴲣ۻƾԴϻ˸ֶ
ϰ׻, Сڶϻ, 転а
ڴЦСӲŻģҶˡ
ʲô, Ҳˡ
뵽ʮ˻Ҫﰴס, Цס, һµ, Ҫȥؿۡ
ڣ¿Žͬ, پ죬սԿȥϿۡ
ѾͣʮֻۣҪˮϷ
һͳȥ˽أһ˱ѡ, Ӫľʿ಻䡣ͷʮ, ɹ˸ڣס
ɴˣÿֻͷͬ, з㴬, лͷ϶ź졣ڷ㴬ϣʱҪ߸ľ
ӢҲӻ˸ڳʱ궼, , һѳϡ
ӺݶҪȥ, ҲѾǽ鵽ӺĽйһ䡣ֻ¿Ժӣܵ˿Ҳϲ֣ȥա
³˻£¶ڣʹ籡ɴˣխ£סӣڻý˿֩˿
Ҫñɴ໹ӣɱɢҪˡ
ñʤҪǰĺƤޣϣ§ź̵ĸ첲ҼŻСʱۡ
ɲǣݿս͵طԱĻ˼Щ
ȷǺü겻ˡ
ڴˣڽϴ粽У׹ȥںϳͺӸɴ³һߡ
ӱһ·ߵأϺóԵĶࡣ
һٳţǿʲôʣˣĳʳҲͬ
ĸ볢ѩԲӣɸʲˮȫбݽϿûôӵġ
ʱųԣҹҲɢġ
Ѿߣشñűȣ֪ҲСѾͷͲôñô
Ҳֻ룬۾һɨ·ȺڣͷҲҡ
УССĴֻܲ
ųر̹߳ӣź߹ġ
Ƕڱ¥ˮУⶼнأһ
پߴˮִнӢ͵ˮ⣺ˣǾ˳˵ſڣлȥصҡ
ֵڹһξƶմҪȸ
ӣ˸ƣҪǺȵ̫࣬ӡ
ִȱ˿ڵĺӣھԪǶ˺š
Ԫ۴̫һ£ڴ¿˸ǣʣӣǽˣ
ִûңԪ֪ġ
ڳʱִйְСȴʱܼԪ۵棬֪ӲʣϥֻһŮ
ù٣Ԫۻʹ벻ңִҡҡͷ
˵һ䣬оԪۼõĻ
ˣȴûֻܽҳԿͷȢģҪûĸʲôأ
Ҫָޣ۸ҰˣҲûȥ¼
ЩǾ˵ףҲȷôġ
˵ߣһѱ顣
Ͻ¸ǰʧǡ
ԪߵĴ̫౾ڵߣִ̧УаԲ¶ȣղ¸̫ԣ
Ԫȴֻ̧̧֣¡
ûƺЩ֮⡣
ִг˵Ԫ۱ʴ̫ܭ˵ǹ˵ô
ܭв¶žԪ۵˼𣬷˵ִɥʮֻ꣬һŮ
ңûжӣɲһ
Ԫˣò˹ȥȻʺ󣬵ҹ¼ˡ
ңǱ㲻ǺԺѼܣ˭ģ
ǳŮТ˳ӴᣬӸᣬһͿסˡֻü
ִһ仰û˵꣬Ԫ˲衣
ԪۺסԽԽЦǸ˽޵Ů
ǡ˵ŮֿЦ
ܭȤ˵˵ִ˼ҹúӣζģҲִǧֱˣ
ִеǣ⾩ǵĲ˶ģ볼ŮǸԵù߳ݲˣͰǸζ
ҪԣҲһ¨
ԪȲģָˣ˵û䣬Цõǿ
ִ˳Ӣܭŵִ溩ֱ֮ˡ
źð
÷ʱʺҲӣְһԪۣǳֹıգ׶ñҶˮ
Ԫ۱뵽ӣִмҵ¶Ц̸˵ʺ
һ˵һ뵽ǰѻûĺӣ̲סҪЦ
ʺҲЦǲǲˣҪǲˣҲѧӣҲʡ
ձ±ǼִУŴͲ˸ġ
ӢͲˣл
Щ´
Ԫ۶̫Ͽ£Լֻڻ̫յʱСͻȻͲˣ³
ҲȥܭֻҪһС̫ն˭֪š
̽Ӣ˵ʲôʺûôȨǵּŮ͵Ľ޵¡
ҼŮ˱͵Ľء
ƽϴ󲻸ˣĸ칫ȵүСŮһ۰ŮΪ
Ҫ湫ѡ罫Ҳϣ
źþͰա
Ԫ۽ӹӣЩ±͸ûʺܣҲ֣˿޵Ĳˣ޳ġ
һ죬ʺڱ¥ڣ̷Ĺ˵ȥּ̫ҵŮ
ˮ￴ˮϷ
ˮſϷûƵԣ椿ϧ˵ҪǴͺˣһЩ
ЦһЦЩ˼
ڸŮΪʲôݵôˡ
Ҳ׵ģһԷʱ©˿ڷ磺ÿػأ۾ۣû¶
ôû¶㻹ǵ˼Ҹģϴ֪̫ҽ϶֪Ĺӣأûɼҵģǲ֪ˣ
ǴĶ¡
һ仰˸˵ˣϱ˿
ͼŤͷŮ¥ܣϴ϶۾϶Էˣ˿
㵨Ƿѽ
˽ӾסŮң˭ļҵģ
ŵɫס
Ҷ֪ˣ¶㲻˵˭ıأʱѾˣȺŮúԷ
ҪСУŮҪСӲУҲȰס
¶ʵƲסˣĸԸıģ
ģ˻װʲô¶ӣŮҲİգԼģҪҲ⣬ǾǣߴţԷû˼
ڴŮ½ĸͳˡ
˴½ң½ҷ˾͸һˮǽֻ֪Ҫôཻ
Ѿ߶ţ½ʲôģ
õһĴȱ࣬˵ҲϸģǼĹٷ˿ŻദЩ
Ӣ쿴һֱƳԱߵϯôʶҪȥк
û¶ҾܿЦŰѻȥ°ûһƲ©ȥ
ˮˣҵٵһ̣ȥһߣŮ춼ˮʯϣ
ݶˮߡ
ݶ˼֦СӣժЩҰ棬ݺ
ҹԤִۣУִͬƴơֻҰ
ˮѰӰߵߡ
Ѿ𾢣һ
Ťͷվ¶һЦϡɣ㰡
Ҫ˵ͻȻʲô֣ؽ͵Ҳ֪Ǹ˼ɲǹ۸ġ
һʱ̾Ϣһֹ֪˼а
Ǳ˴˶һ˼а
ݶǿһСӻˮְ˽̡
Сˮϣ˳ˮƮԶ
ϵıӣ
ˮ棬ˮƵıһֻӣȵڰߴʯͷϡ
һּƯɰ첲ǱǾˣҰɢˮˡ
ɱ޾ñԶ̾ѵá
ָɾ䡣
ɳǿôһʮͷͲಡ齡
̫ҽ˵Ѫʱ˲ţ˲ѾܲסˣúΣ
֮ϲ
Ҫθıأ
رŮ챾Ŀ۵ϣɱޣֶ׷׿
ͼһȥˮգ䣬ͻȻǼ͵ӣûУ
ˡۻһ˵һͷȥдڡ
ó԰գ˶ġ
ȷǱ²áֹұ㣬ʵҲźִֺˡ
˵˹ѡ֮ϡ
Ҫ˵Զ˸̫࣬󻹸żСţ߽ʵ̫䣬ּҹ
˵ͷ
̫´һۣʺ


37 
Ȣ

ʺ, Ƕ㲻ġ
ü΢ѧ͢ڣ֪֪ҪôʺػʺͻȻҪ
ѡ빬, ¡
˹, ǹˡ
ֱԣĴ, ʹǲ, Щ̫ʹЩС, ͹ѹˡ
Ӻݶŵɵס, Ÿӣ䵽ϡ
ãȻ֪ΪλʺҪ, ʵ˿ʣۣң
ȳԿοĪš˵ſ̫࣬ɷһ˵
̫һͿһͷ, ߵ, ϱ㱻ɰȭһʵʵڵСӡ
֪ô
˵ۼ
, ֪ʺҪֹ
̫Ǯ, Цŵּҹÿ
۹Сģǻʺʵһֱ
ʺﳤ̫⣬͡
̫ڳʱѾΪ, ˶ʮӡµ˴λ, ԭ͸ýΪ̫ӡ
ʺһٶ, ̫ӲòĶ£ΪҲ˸
̫ͼذ֣ڳֵòɿ֮ʡ
Ҳǰӣ³ҪغȥοӣǱȺУϵͺ
٣ֻ뿴ô򵥡
ϯϻʲôˣѾˣóһֻɰ̫ϣ빫ǳԲ衣
ģڹٳߵģûЩ˵ĳӡ
ȻʶȤҲ֪ʲô
һɣ֪ĸǶڣֻ칫żз纮ûܼ֡
˼ƽ˺Ϳڡ
д˾ϵǵС˾Ѿ˲֪ˡ
л
ߵСţȥ̽˭һʾǾɵ۵̽ɣ˵껰Ͻ
֪۵ݣ죬۶ɨòȻ̽ɵͷ
СŵʣҪô
ɰһͷС𶧡
һգõӣȥʲôùͷǰͷľ£Żʺˡ
ɵ۵̽ɣҲ˿˵֮ϻһϯ֮λ
͵Ե
ת򰢱Ҳϻѧ𣿡
ѧġѦ̹Ѵôнһ飬ҲݹһΣǶǰˣЩǲˡ
Īţ֮йָ񡣡ۿӸݶãûѾߣʵûдźɰ
ӣʱͷȡ
ǰݰģǹ磬ɰﶼǽӡ
۾̫һ죬ʱʣµĺɰ
Щ㶼ţȥĹˣһԻ㡣һ룬ǲģͷ㡣
ӹɰһ
ȷǻһ˲һ·ˣˮ̨ϿǲǸ
һЦǣҪǵϲҲ̨Ͽۡ
ģ
һߵ¥ߣǼϡ
ǵ̲סͷȻڸߴܿø
͵űߣȷйȥ֪񣿡
˿Ȼ˽̣ĥǹһСɰ
˼вûź˼㣺񣬲Ҫ̧ͷʺ㣬̧ͷֱӷա
֪ˡɴͷ򵥣ǵסлл㡣
˱һ㣬еһЦ̫ǰģս磬Ǻ£³ʳӹá
˵꣬й˵ͷ
˽ȥем䣬д񣺡Ůѣݼʺ
ѵǰݹʵʵţͷû̧ͷ
ֱһУ̧ͷ
̧ͷμǵùŮĻ۾̧ܿͷҲǰ̺
Ǹصġ֪˭˵ôһ䡣
ŻʺЦӯӯģǰػ
ǰ
ڼˣ
ٿ̧ͷŸڻĶׯˣŮһƬЦ
΢΢һ죺ĻŮһģû뵽סˡ
һƬЦҲôһСôЦҲ󷽷վš
Żʺڿڣζӣѱ¶ˣôأ
ĻŮһҶԳݲˣӳԲ·ڹӣ볢ζġ
˳ݡŻʺһ˵һͷ΢Цڸ˵Īż
԰˵øࣺôأŮԭסӣһԶԶء
Ŷʲôʱ򣿡
žƾ¸ϾЬǶȥˣ̼𡣡
ȷŻʺһ£Żʺ;ǣǰߵսʿƾ£סʾ
Ԫ۲ʺگϣ˳
Żʺ΢̣ף̾ŶССҲ֪Ϊʾʮƥ
¹л
ʾҲʱͿȥǵȰ͵̫͵ָ
˳¥ŻʺŶŮٵĹȷɵİ
ʺˣæȤִ˸ŮһƬҾ֮ģǸҲ׷׼Ϸ͡
֪ԼתһȦһʹ͡
ӱ¥Ƽۻվ¥²ԶĵĹ˺͹Ůǣ͵͵
¥һЦ߽˲ŵɣ
ۿȻ£ɿͬ˵ʲôˣһһҡ
û˵ʲôѽˡʺʾʮƥһԣ̫Ҳ˲ʾƥ
һŲԣǰһЩ
ǰһ䲻ʹ
ԭǶ䲻ãΪöˣ仵ˣ˵ǵôС
Сʱ룬Сһƣû뵽ǣҲòˡ
̾Ϣǰһͷʼ˵𡣡
ҽ˴һ˽̵ҡŶ˵̫ߵġ
һ٣ΪЩ
ּ̫ʾã
ѵּ֪ʱͬղ¸ϵ
һ٣ôˣûѵͣŵʱ򣬷ǸͿġ
ûУ˵УҲס
˵ݾʱ۵ͷĿ
˵ͨ£ƫƫ䶼˵ڻʺĿϣԭʺȥΪʲô
һ仰Ҳô
ȵԼǳݾɲµţֽʺ󹦼̧
Ҿ
Щ˭ģ
û˽ѽ˵Ķʵ
ʵŸˡ
ִδйĿ⿴ŰҲֱӡ
ݶȥӢ챨ţӸһڱ¥£е۵ģүܳͷ
һźߣ
ۻع֪ԼһҾԽֹĪ֡
Цˣֲ֣˼аŴѧ´ʶʱˣʣõĶԲԣ
̾ԡ
վŨ
۳Ŀƺǡ
ˮȹ˫ĿտȻȻ
Ů௵
þĹŮ죬סǡ
һйоһ̰۲ˤ˾ƺ
ⷬתȥɨһۣת˵
ʵûʲô˵ˣ˵Ķ˵ˡ
ûˡ
ԭ뽫Щϸ˵ֿ¶˰òϸϸ˵ǳˣ֪ԭȻһλ
֪ڵĻʺȻʺá
λλŻʺ
ս磬ŮУ̫ڳڣҲĿ
Ÿ֦һһµĻε
һ˵һߣ̽ٴȥеʯͣ˵
ܡ
ѹ̫Ȼʺֻʺ
֪Щ˶֪ġ
ڰûʺǺˣʻִȺͣʮƥ
ɻǵã½ֵĵĸ
Ȼǵˣ¶ѹϼˣҪܼŴ椣Ҫ½ԥ¶ȫء
ǧɵˣ½Ҫ޽ȥôѽ
һ˵½ԥȫ׹
˵
ʺ½ԥĵĸһġ
ǣȺ͡
빬ϲϲ㻹ΣٲҪǣ̫˵ʲôʺ˵ʲôָ˵ʲô֪
ĸλʺݵʱ䶼Ҫ
ֻҪһ̹̽أ͵ñ̡ء
ٻεˣҧҧɲʱʮƥʾ֣ô죿
иӡ򴽣ֹֻ֪ϲϣ


38 취
Ȣ

ʲôӣһа취, ʱ˾Ŀ⾼סۡ
ߴ㵹ǿ˵
ֻӶ档
۱ߴٷ˵ӹѡ, ѡ, Ҫѧʡ
ֹԸ⣬Լװʶ֡
, ʱ, ǽӵġҪǴֲʶ, Ȼõˡ
һ˫, Żüգʱһİ, ϲЦտҾװʶֺ
˵־̫ס͡
ڰʯ٣Ӷš
дʯɻ󣺡ֲʲôѰķ, Ϊʲô˼˵ұѧҲС
˵̹Ȼ, ƿԣЩЦôܰ⻰˵ȫ޲⣬мֽģ
ŮӲʶʫ, Ҳʲô
빬ѡ, ҪǴֲʶھǹŽʣػ˼Ц
װֻװһʱ, Ψ취, Ȼ, һݡ֡ʶ֡ҲдʣΪûѡϣŬġ
λ㣬ֻҪһأҲֲ
۵ͷü۽ָƵЦ⡣
ϱҶȢ˴ֶʶ큸ŮǺ߳Ц
û뵽Ⱳӣʶֵ취ȥġ
ЦʲôұѧʣǲҲѡϣ
Ҳ
ʺҲ湫ѡֻίߵŮ¡
Ŷ̶һ£ּѾηͷ
µĽޣĲʾλθߵˣǶڵĹˡֻҪܻùȥ߸빬
ֻװϹһʶҲû취
ⷨ𣬵ҲԱôӽ˹ֱǻӣǶ˴ġ
ȥѡ˭Ҳ·
뷳գִ˺ͺҶ˵ġ
ʵѾˣװʶǻ򵥣ԳݸʱҲֻʶð֡
û̽ɸԼҹ˵ʲô۾һֱϡ
֪СѾڿԼҲڡѡߣǼͷԴݿġ
ҲѾ߿ӿþˣӵͷ
һͷͷ֣Ѿ߲ڿڶЬʹơ
ƷҹȻǮ˼ңӶô棬ѿȥǺģﻹ֯Űơ
Ҫǿȥ²ɣ˵Ϊ˳ŲŻ£ҳô
ӿ̾̽һ÷Ⱑ
˻˵ò࣬ϵҲʼˡ
ͭ죬Żɢڳرˣ׷ӿϡ
죬ҰͷϣɲʱҪķգ̧վڰʯϣ档
ҪͺˣϲƵأ
ҲֵĴĶĶһֱ㽫קʯϣΨվȣ§ŰƼƼˣ
Ű
ʯƽ˫䱻ȹסƵڷһͰѾͷ§ڻС
۸벻͸
Ƿ䲻׽ҲӲΪĸϲܼȨҲϡο˼ҡ
󷿶׺ķ巿߶
ͷЩƢԣ಻խ֮ˡ
Ȣ֮󣬺ܿΪ游ɥԺвҪ˵檣ͨѾ߶ûСҾ޳֮£ʲôѪأ
ѵΪ׶꣬ûã
Ҳһ۵֣˻ӣһͷͼĿⶼڳϣΨйӵ۾ּҹ
ļģҿϽŤͷȥ
ԭûһ빫ӵۣмĹ㣬ҲΡӡ
ɹǼǲסѹͷֲ˭˭ƫƫԹӰٰ㲻ĵֹùá
ҰӮȻһЦ
ͷ죬˷ˮ̨ˮ̨еͭ࣬˵öʾһƥ
Ǹ̨ģǺ
ϰҲ׷׺ȲʣĵðƶˣͼȻˮ̨շ˸
ϲ۷Ź⣡
»Ͱʲô᲻Ԫ
§סӵļ磺ԪʲôҲʾʱԺÿ˶ȹӣ㲻ҪʯȹҸ
ۣйǻˮ衣
ȷſҪרעϾû̼裬ȴǵһμ
һֱվ󣬵һա
ֹûˮȥˣĪĸġ
ˣҵ͵»ûߺءŵķգ类Ѭ紵ɢˣзӣһҲ
۽ͻˮŻȥĸס
ķһˮпۡ
Цȴű¥е¶Ѿˡһλ˻ʣּҹǲϻصý޵Ǹ
һλ˵˵ҪΪѡλǲѾڵϣ
ˣŮѧʶǺõģţ
δӵţ⼸λʵҲ֪ԭ˴⣬˸˵ɷԺҲûݺݺࡣ
Ƥôöӡ
Ҳ⣬ҵ˵һ̡
˼Щģķ˶λ䲻ÿҲֳִ
Ůô˵ѧʺãʶü֣ᱳʫȥѡɰѻԲȥ
Ǵʱġ
һŻҼķǣ㶼
ǵķǣ۵Ҳǰǻ귽ʮѾɣ
ټ̽һɫɴֱ֣̤ͷģˮīȣüĿɬȥӺݶš
һʱϯϽԾ
״һۣ˵۵ģӰûţҲ֪ʲôطȥˡ
طɥ꣬ͷس߻Χżҵķˡ
ɱԭģԲ硣
֪񲻱ԭˣеЩģοԼ䣬ݸ߲ȵ֮ͣ顣
ҲпеĶϱЩɲǿö࣡
һʮֵĸԼ棬β졣
۸ĸ񣺡˾ѣʱĸ
һӣʲô˾ѣȥּҹˣϧˣϲܼ档
ŻżԶּǲ뽫ŮͽаҲɴʱһס
վʲôϽôȣȿڲ衣
۵ȣһɴѣҲһ˿ޡ𷽲ֹɫ΢죬ԭȵġ
ڣϯϵķǸ˵Ҳټǹ˴
ԽˣԽǵˮ©
ɢˣϣų⼸겻ţҶЩ˵ķ֮
Цǹ۸һǲ«ûˣ
ǶӸҳһЦ˵Ҫýţǲܳɣ
ֻܳɣּǼŮ˼ңĻŮ͵ͷȥ
ҲôģصѣͰѶӽе
ڳߣûġ
ҪҪ˵
ҲҪҪͬĸ˵
ֻ뵽һȥˣЦǺʱǲýţ
ĸ׽Ѧ
¿졣
ǲýʲô
Ѧָʲô
΢㵣Żعĸ˵ȥּף
ҪȻȥļң֪Լˣʣɲʲôò£
ּҹλֲߣľǳߵŮ˵оƽҵĿ
ƽҵĿҲҪģҪȥּҹ͸ȥˡ
۲ĸ׻⣬Ϊƽǽ֮
ȷʵǵƽʮֽݣϱƽʧʥĺ󣬾ʷƽŮϡ뵽㣬ͷȷǲ
ԲҪȥѽ
ãȻôֲˣ
ʴ˲ҪѦָһЩ빬ѡεŵѡ
ʼգ۶û¡


39 
Ȣ

˶, ·ϻԸ˱ѩԲӣŴʮֺζݶֳһ, ݴȥݡ
鸯Ƥһѩʲ, ˬڡ
Ӣ쿴Եʹ죬ϸЩ, Ƶ, Ի˶ӡ
⺢ڳʱ, ׳Сţ, ͷСţ, ô˾ӵˡ
ԽԽסڵļŮ, ûȵɢ, ͻؼȥˡӽر߻û
ƽպúóԷģô椡òܶٶٳϼѼˣŲɵ, ҪԭԲŵĺò, һ顣
鸯Ƥ̶ģгɶС֥齴ʹףһھθڴ󿪡ɰв, ܼӵ;ͺˡ
˱߳Ա߹, ջص, ʺʹ͸ž͵ˡ
͵Ļλ
ЦӯӯкԸҪʱҪȻֽһЩʹ͵ҲѰ¡
ͣݴԺһ⣺·ߣΪһˡ
ٴлʺʹ͡
С̫ˣʹӽֻ̧ԺС
Ŵ죺ôණ
ʺʮƥأ룬ʮƥж٣б͵ġ̫౨͵ϲ۷Ź⣬˹ôͣ
µĶеӣȡһһ㣬ĿܶԵϣһûۡ
ʹ̫̰ͣЩȥҲǳ¡
ƩʮƥֻƥԸûƥӼģٵ͵ģ˶ֵܷЩ
زûۣĻǺϵӡ˶̡졢ɻ°׵ȸɫվɴ⣬ƥɴ
ȴѵģݶ˵ɴӵġ
զࣺôõӣ
ɴнһԶǺ챦ʯģʯӶôʺڴ
Щ˼ӾɴȡһƥһƥɫģɫأȥӢѴ
ϲĶѰաһ֡
ģл򼸳߲µģ䷢ĲƯȹӡ
ȥõ̫󣬱˵Ļ縮﷢ģºˣġ
ȻģǴƯҲš˹֪ʲôƣˮ̨Щˣеˡ
˭˲ϲأƯƯźá
ѾлݵһأµĶܸȹ
̷Ѿڸܼױˡ
Σϣһֻһֻ
Щȹиԣöļױӣֲ岻ȥ㸻
ЩúˣԭǼ±ͷĳ£ûԼõĽ
Ѿɵϣһ·СԣһҲ
ֵʲôǷһоȥ׷Ŷϧִࡣ
ͱͬȥƣֻû
ŽѾڴϳװʶֶ
ꡱһôô취
㼸أ˿ȹӣֲ֪ʲôɫá˵ģͷ׶ġ
Լ˿ɻɫմҳӡ
ϴЦѾͷ׷Ťͷȥ˭Ҳ֪ͻȻЦʲô
ֻͷҲû̧Լ֮ĶȰ֮˭ֵܲģ
û˵Ĵţͷһ䣬ҲˣǾޱľ˳ŷ紵ﶼҪٰɱ档
Ǻţס˺÷ӣҩģȾϻܱٳ档
ЬӣŲϯϣһڡ
ôõӣ˭ȥ
ȻԵãͣ㡣
Ѧ֥
ѰͷŮ齫ҪգѦʦ֮꣬ȱơ
ȥҺ
Щ¶ÿЩ죬ʲôʱʹ·گѡεӶˡ
ʰװԤȥӼְӼÿ³һʮռ٣ʿڽѧʱΣ޿ʱɻؼҡ
Ӽɽɽ£˴ʰ˼ɽ꣬ˣҲִĵĴˡ
̺֮⣬ֽ³ʤԺԼ
ϲʤẒ́ɱԺгϢˡ
¶ҲͰ͸£Щ࣬ͬԺеѾһ̵ʰǣԭȹȥ飬ҲҸһͬʰġ
ʹۣһüıְǣʲô
̱죬ɲˣϻӱˣӱ㲻˵ӡ
¶Щίԭͷ͵ĳʳǷָǣԸֻԼġ
ּҵӾô㲻ɣ
ھɽ˿ߣʰѵصԺͬ¿ˮû뵽һ˹Ӳ졣
Ӷ£ТƵǧҶҲ̳ˣ۳¾Ҫޡ
˷ϲ£˿ģԵ˯㣬˶f
¶¿ˮҲЦеģµĶӣӴ˾̫̫ԺˣԺˡ
ܴԺ֪¶
ƩýԺЩ£¶ɽǲ֪ġ
û㣬Ҳû㣬»ּͶıˡ
¶ɫ󣬼ϸף֪¡ЩΪȻͷٺãıȵ԰á
ıȵڹߺã
ҲǣӶȥˣôء
˻ͶӽıսӣиԣְѬҩ۶ϼ
¶ȥ㶣̣ӴСӣɽֶ࣬Щҩǽһ飬ǰá
ɱ棬סȥŲóҧ
ǲʿˣסᣬиҪࡣ
ʰ̴ֻ߰ȥӼӡ
ܵһͷǺϻţûź๫˵ǵͳԾȥˡ
ûźȥ½ԥ
ԭڹĹ̫ģֻһ˻һʱڴϻ
½ԥĹĸڹеŮ٣Ҳ½ϢӵܣŶڣɸеĹĸһݴ
¶С
µʮþȣϣָŴ齣ôҲ˯š
ҪҪ̫ҽȥּңּ¶ʵ˹أǵĸ׵·ӣӺ֡
йԱƽҲѰ
ҹ󸾸ҽŮҽţͽĸҽȥ
﹫ָ۴ʹǲ·Ը춼ûӽŲ
ҲˣԺҲ绰
Ӳ˰գ
̡
ô룬оʹӵŵһ飬ʱӦкηԸ
ҽҹ˯ˣ۸ɴ𣺡ơ
ǡƣҪ飿
šһͷ̾ŵܡ
ͼӴڶѵŵҽУһȡҽǧ𷽡·ңòҳһ鼯Ʒ
̵ͷѵǷʲôʣҲû˵Ժҽѽ
۽ڵϣһ䣺ȥ˯գ̺ҡ
ǡ̽Щҹ̫ѹӴˡ
Ҳ֪ʲô¶ҹﻹƿ飬Ҳ˯£ţͷ
۷˼ҳһĿʮУü죬һͷŵһߡ
Щҽ鶼ǵдƣдҲǸɲóսȥ򼸱Ůҽ
ǿʶīմʣʱ㽫мǵõŮҽ鶼ڵϡ
ڶգӵһֽ鵥۾һɨסⵥдšߡŮҽԡĿɷȵȡ
һʮüҪǲ֪ģΪҪˡ
Ӽ಩ʿҪȥʥˡ


40 װä
Ȣ

˵͵Ѧ֥ǰ
ڶ, Ѧ֥סּңɡţ˵С, Ȼᡣ
СѦ֥вѧĵ, һԼѩ÷ͼΪ, ׳ȥҡ
СѾϵ, Ѧ֥һС, ֪Ĳ, ˡ
ԺУѾ, żɽʵּ㣬ѦΪ
ּûµŮˣֻһֲ߶
οҲ󲻵ñˣѦ
Ҫѡ¸
Ѧ֥Ҳüͷ, Сѧ, ӻȻϻһδĥȥ顣
ܽȥ
ʴ˲
Ѧ֥ԭḮνʱΪ, ֻһŮѧ, Ķܺ
һķ巿żӺ
Ѧ֥ƽʵܳ衣
˼ȻΪϲŮżӺĽ, Ǳĺһд, һ, ȥּݽ顣
ȷҲ˵һعѵĸˣȫԼı³ԷǵȻҪܵ
һѦҲü˾֪ҲϲּŮҪ书ҲҪѧʶ
¼ӵġ
Ԫ۵ļŮУ幫ǿСŮãùֳָ㣬˵á
ĥžԪ۰Ҳӽȥܸһͬ顣
̫ӣ
һˣһЩΪͷʹּҾЩȥ
Ѧһ͸ֹ伫ѣͷü١Ҳµ飬һʱֻ֪˵ԭһֲʶģѧ
ѧǣѧʶ֡
һֺˣϰһ飬£Ҳʶð֡
˸ƣܻȥͺˡ
˵꣬˷лѦ֥ǲܣֹʦ֮꣬ܲԼѧ
˵껹ȥ鷿УǷѩк÷ͼ͸鵱
ͷģ˳磬ТһдӼ򣬳Тðֲϡ
ܳܵĸΪʲôܼˡ
ȡԼЩµĻʫ壬ѦƷǵҪѧܼңٸ顣
ǼҿɻùߡѦ̵꣬꿪ɵʮɢѧ겻ǹҵúܡ
Ѧ֥ͷãʫĻҲˡ
ŮʱҪʼѧܼңոŹܼ¡Ļܸһ¥˿๦
ϲʫ̵ֹϲ壬Ӳͬҿܺϵ˵˼˵һԹɩ
Ҫܼһּҹͺˡ
лġѦ֥͸ǻȥһֱ͵š
˫£Ѧ١Ǳҵ˺Ѱһ¸
ƲŸѣ˵ҪѡڵЬӾȥ̸
ܵһ룬ԸȥðҲϡ
ۻͿѾĬĬ߹ȣ¶
ִڴϷ£۲ֱ˼ңԺеȴ
һ㣬ִЬûܳôɣҰôܽȥ
ҫҲּ˲Ҫҫ
ִ˲ؼѾжԲˡ½ԥùͷѾߣҵѡйŮ٣Ѿˡ
һð
ɲ⣬Ϊ̫ͻȻʾã
ִӢ˵ʲôҲԼһһѱ˼ޣ˵ȻȻҲⲻ⡣
ָüգйȻگ
Ů빬ѡ
Ļֵøĺ⣬Цеȹϲˣǳ
ȻڹǼ϶¡
ݻϸ˼䣬Ҫʲô׼ôЩʲô
ԺæңӢһҪˣǱѡĿȥģȴûʼҾġ
Ԥ
еǣѦﷴϰ
˶ٴУֻаѧӣˮҶӵ⡣
ɣչﶼԾ²˴Сֹ̹죬ˣʲôͳʲô
죬ݱȹָˮͷԣñȹϺ֭ζõġ
ŵͷԭܳԾ²˴УȻܽ
ڵ˲ѡա
Ԥõѣͷڷϼ֧Сдź챦ʯ׹
аĨأС䣬һʯȹǾʱ˵װ硣
ݻ˴һۡ
ø̬ãųȹЩŮģ
˹£ǶˡӢѦ֥
ϳһȥӢ챾Ҳȥûϣ֪ҪȵʲôʱһҪһأ
İգҲ¡
ִһȥţһʱ࣬СŮȥûУС͸ų˽ӻؼңٵŻ
һ·ſʻȥ·ʱżζֵ鸯Ƥ
ݺȻȥҸﲻζôܰܳļϻƹ˿ļӵĭ
ۿʲôݲģ
ӿݣȴ̾Ǹһûƴ
ˣһ˿Ҳţʵд֮硣
˹ſڣ̫ſڵţСȥЦԸġ
лǹǳԲ衣˵һɰ˹ȥǰѧģûžóˡ
ûϻؽֻԷʱ˹ǣҲ
ԭסǵĹЩܸҲߡ
ö߼ȥѡĶǹŮִ˼ƷԱҳŮֻһλ
ǹŮĶ౧Թͷúܣֲñסߡ
ɹҲߣ£ҪǼ߿ЩҸϡ
ейƫЪϢ˱ЪϢȴ١
㶨ţŲ裬ǳǳһڡ
ûȰƨɣλŮӣһţ۾ѲһȦڰϣѽ
ҲϳǸĹƽҵĿ
ƽķǱǵϻؽޱ֮ɨһأ͡һðĺࡣ
ݣ빬빫һ飬ʲô
ƫƫʺҪôЩŮһѡԾڼ﷢ͨƢ
˹ԽԽڴʱžɳұ˵Ĳʹ죬Լʹʹ졣
㣬ҵȥ
Ĺǣͳ£СʶûȥʶģͿ硣
ǰȥֻ໻ɫּ̾ҹﵹùСٵŮͱ˶Դ
ɰһĿƹƫĺֵͷԼȹϵ˷Ż
Ҳû
㣡þҪ֣йһ
ֹ
λǻʺ̫յģ䲻ܿﱦȴҲֹѿ
ٿǰ
粻ɣЦһּŮҪģ˹еǷ
¼ŮҶ
ȸй
ŮٶƷףλߵģͬףˣȻҪ
񡣡һλйЦӯӯкǰ
ͷؼŮ٣ԭŮĴ۴ñ
ѦǶ˵ŮҲܵٵʱأܲܵŮ٣û룬еŮ·ٶܵøһ
ҪҲŮ٣ǲҲܴۣ͸һÿȥţǶ
ѦЦֻй͢Ů٣Ĺ٣ûŮ١˵ʮϣʮ£޷ߣԸ빬ʹģɳо֡꼸ꣿ
ʮ룬̾
һڻװʶ֣ɻѡأŮٸС
ҪŮپͺˡ
ѦһߴЩԶģϽٰѴһ顣
ʱѦǰ
λй㶼ͷʮλŮû뵽ּҹӢüɫһɳ
Ա
ִ̫֮Ůѡ
ڳ˫ĿտһƾǸ
ɵʵѧʶʱйˡ
ּҹ״ԭڳݲϹѧ֮Ѿ꡶־ˡ
ټաǧġûȥ
⡭Ů鶼ûҲŮ飬Ͼ̫-ʺдģǶһᡣ
ɹ͹˿ɵˣѧöҪö࣬黭ġּҹǧĶûѧôܸ
йЦӯӯģͷɴ಻ˣͷȥգϢͨġ
ֶ˳
˳ȥûƫҵǸСֱֱ̫࣬˹š
йôãչġ
ɣֻ־͡йһҡҡͷ˵˵һȥ
Ⱥ£һС֮ŮƸѡ˭Ҳûװ̫ʶ֡
һֻλãȥһѡˣλйվѴѡелȥ
ֵ䣬òμˡ
δűţѡûǸּŮ
ﻹɺһ֪ԭʶ֣
̲סЦ˽ֵ˲ʾΣ𾩳ĸŴ󻧣Ͷ֪큸Ůʶ֣


41 ţ׽
Ȣ

˹, ؼҡ
ôôѡû
ݸϽȥ죺
ͣڹ⣬ͣŹŮҵѡΨֱ
Ƽü, һѡġ
ֻһǱñ, ˿òΡ
˿̬ӻǾԼҹá
Ҳ֪, йû˵, ֻһؼҵϢȥǼ˶Це, ˵ϵǲ, 졣
ʲô˼Ʋס
ڳһֱ˫ֺʲ, һһĹǧ䡰ӷ𡱡˾Ŷ˭֪Ҫȣ
Ͻ𣺡ӣܰѹѡȥ
ڿڶЦⶼ߶, Ҷ䶼ˡ
һ, ǸĶˡйҲѦ׹ʡ
˼ʮأ뵽Ļ, йǸûʡ
λйʵ, һˡ־ĻҲˡ
糿չصС
Ҫ緹㲻Ҷ, ǰ, ﹾֱ, ԺűϽϽ
ӢŸӭ˵ץצһ£ϽˣСӼҼģ
ֲǹ꣬ﲻ˵ҺԼ˵أ۷ιϽס˿ڡ
ʱ״ֻ˵ڹﵱֵڹйأӰӶûƼ
ӢȻӵӣҳ
ѽѻͷûһʳ￴ʲô
ʳֻʴɵ̡
̷㣬ǳŲˣʢŹˮټһɸǣŲȲ
ƿʴɸһֻ˱Ѽӡ
Ķģ
ЦŵġҲǣӽһ·ġ
Ӣ쿴ԣ붼û˼ΪæΪͰѼ̲ס̾
С׹οѼӣͷҨ˱Ŵ׷һڣž㡣
̾Ϣѷʽο̱żӦˡ
ΪǸżѽһѾͷ׵¶ôƫƫףһŴףǸġ
ѼӶˣϢûһţҾʹţѽûǵϣ
һﻹڰ˱Ŵ׷أЦЦֿ̡ǶѾˣ̻̾ʲôء
ԴʲôӢһ͸˼ҸѼӣ͡ûҪ˵ģ
ڰѷʽǣӲǻôٸȥ
³һʮ˺ڹǻ嶾ѣʱӻʱ
Ӣ޻˵һ°Դܿϣ
Ȼǲã쵱ֵѲڱС̫ࡣ
ӣҴѡҲͷʵӳûС
Сֵ̫̺ˮģźͷȥˣڽСŶǣ˴˻ͨϢٷһ
ûһźպõˮˣϢûҽͬǶţʲôʱ֪ҡ
С
Ѳڣֵţֵӱ
ȥϢ۾ܲܵͷȥε۷Ρ
ҪýҲһ£һҪǸߣҾ͵ɵ
ֱû˵бһۣⲽ
һֱȵҪֵС̫ŰϢͻˣáǣûС
˵֨֨Ϊûѡϣ˼Ҫ˵ġ
İǶҫǰͷӶѾŻʮӿɶûѡ
ʺ˵ѡ֪ûһŮϱ˼
ƫּҹûѡϡ
ˣûѡϾûѡϣ񰡡
ûѡϡ
һ죬ӸС̫һӣŰգ´һ㡣
С̫û˴ϢһǮЦŵͷһ衣
źҪţ£ҵأ
С̫ƼͷŸģϽҲҲϲ衣
ʵȣǷվӹٷԤȥ
ͷһ˴ͺļ磺ôֵȥһ
ҡͷҲȥҪؼҡ
ҲҡͷҿɲȥϻȾζһͨڣĶľ
˵ˣǼСӳһƤЦЦï}ˣżһתʱȥ
ǹͷĻƤ
ǰƤǿȥҿɲؼ˯
Цѽ̫ҽǲҪȥҼҳԷ
룬һͷҲɣҹ˯ˡԽ󣬼ûͣøˣڡ
ԼԼϣԺ徻úܣ徻öࡣ
ҪҸɴסˡ
죬㹻÷˰գ
뵽ǸСĹ˴ģⶼˡ
һ֣治֪᲻أСȿס
ңС˽ǣߣȻԼëĨ˰ٰëݸҲһҲһ顣
Ҳ֪˭
ȲҲ
һɹͺڣڵ÷ȴôҲɹڣһо̣׵ø˷Ƶġ
ƫֺãӪûٱ˵Ц˻Եģҹǿ
Բĸ磬кƨɳֵܣһ˿ӹҵӪǰϡ
Ӵû˸Ҵ⡣
ҲΪúã˹Ů˶ߴա
ȥһأɺҵţǮεġ
˴¶ȥּԤϢͰ
˭֪ӢЦ֪ˣõĳûңҾű̸ҲţⲻĺȾȥˡ
ϲ£һòˡ
м仹һֻ˱Ѽӣ֪ԣֻ
һ׹ɣ𾢡
úúлл˼ңҪģǻڹأʱگһÿɲɵ㶵ǽȥˣ
ǸǸ׵˼ңӼⶢŰ˱Ѽһʡ
ӢҲ֪ò˵꣬Ҫףǲܳɣһô
ֵܣõҲҴ
ǣҵѣ˹һѧʣ»һʶ
׵˭ԭڳʱռҳЮ˿ڲͽ
Ҳ£ùͷĸף׷
˸ϰ߳׷оʱͷŸ㣬Ҳûϰߣǰ׷
ӢϷݵԼҡ
ԼҸҲףȢ椣Цӯӯ˵ҪŮ꣬תͷͰԼ˼ҲȢŮ
¶Ȼ֪ڼҹԼ죬һԼңǡһЦˣЮԪӣΡ
أԷʡ
ѼӳԳˣҹģٳԡӢ쿴һۣЦ·е˼
ʣأ˵࿴˺üûк۵ģ
Ͻͷʹڴ׷˰գŮˣ鷳
һԼң
˰˱Ѽظӡ
һ˽ˣԼţҲȹٸ˱«Ѽ١
͵ңȫȥˡ
ذ¶ҲˣԶǰһֱ죬ӾûϹ
ḮͲٳˣѾζˡӻ࣬һϼָֻ˳ԡ
ӣ¶һҲҶôҲŲסҪҪֻ
̱ȥۡ
ֻգٸһ׾աġ
Ҫݲ裿
á
һ׾գϱ顣
һ߳ӣһߺݲ裬һһʵʵֻŻ̾ڹˡ
ӣµ죿ӼȥҲŲסһձһȣٷſɾͷŻˡ
뵽Ӽãѧг˼ʸɾʵڹѶζ
ϣĳԡ
զ࣬أҪȥӳԵ
ҲӵĻӳԲˣҲǱ顣
Сӣ߶ڣͳһֻóԵӡ
һͷǡ
¶Źӵ˼ʣǹȥѧ¶ҪҪ๫˵һ
һȥѧУǿɾʮüȥּˡ
۵ۿ̰Ƥýú๫ҡ

̾ͼɫһɣҲá


42 Ц
Ȣ

йѡĶ͵ڡ
Żʺ˯, ɢһͷͷɴϣ
й, ӳϡ
ȡ, Сʺǰ
ŻʺһɨüͷôּҵŮУչ, û
й𻰣, ּҹﲻʡ
ŶŻʺĿɨ
ּҹǴ, ּԭʵ΢, Ÿտʼʶ֣ˡ־
ѡ, ˷ֺôҲ˵ʮ֡λйж²⣬˵־˵ġ
ѡԣһдΣٿŮ, û, Ҳһƪ
йԶᣬٽЩʸʺѡ
һʰŸ꡶־ǿãΪ˲ѿ, ʶûá
Żʺһʱ, ʵִԭӪģԼʶ֣οŮ
ˡŻʺ̾ϢһҲ, ֻģ鶼ͶҵƢ, 뽫ѡ빬, ûЩ
½й
ڡһֱ̺ڵйǰй
Щʹ͡ʾý˳Ц
ǡ½йʱ͵ϻʮƥǺͣǰּңҪЩ
ҹ䣬Ԫ޵й
ϣŻʺ˵ѡ£ұ뽫ִеŮѡ㵽Сߵġ
幫䣬ǾԪŮУ谮ġ
ԪţӦһôûѡϣ
ּ֪˾ǲŸն飬ʶð֣Ҫ潫ѡϣŵС߲ÿġ
ٺãֶʶü͵幫ߣĸŮ졣
Żʺ˼ԪȻˣۣȴЦһˣִоͲʶ֡
ŵٵģضдگھۡУ˲⣬ûῴ
ɸµǻ佫ǣЩȷʵʶ֡ԪЩ˶ͳһѧһѧĶʲôܸ֪
ִ䲻ʶֻ֣Ҫ̫µϸûһܰ¶ˣֻҪܸɣʶ־Ͳʲôë
⽫ϣ棬Ϊˡ
ȼ㣬Żʺָ΢΢Ԫۻߣʲôˡ
ѾԤˣձ͸
ŻʺһԪ𣬸£ϱ
һ֣˽
Żʺɷߣŵɫɷãµڱܡ
ζߡ
˶ڣ۵Ժ鷿ݱ游ǰӼࡣ
еɽɽţͽ̧ԺУ鲻ס⼸ֻж飬ϸЩ
ȡӣɽ
ء۰֣ʮٻعӼ࣬ͷζӿ
ϱӲӼʱľӡӼʱǱ̽
˷ٻŹӼᲩʿͷ
ֻԼ֪·˶ʮꡣ
ӼΪɽΪɽн̳ԳٶУᣬĵλûпÿڴ˴
ʿѧһһң۸ȥǸСԺ䡣
СԺҲխխһ쾮һԺǡǽǻ˸̨ӴСͤ
ҿеطɴԼһ̨ۣȲúܡ
ڵʿôģʵǹӼõķ̫ѳԣʿһסСԺУÿնԼ
̸Ͻ뽳Ҳһȸɵÿ죬һͨѾˡ
ԺôңʵûдҾѧô
ûУͽռˣֿЦѧǰŵģҲǰŵġ
ӼзѧãѧᶼԿƾٵΡ
ѧΪұÿ¿䣬һõ׵ȣסڼᣬ׵ţҲõġ
ѧˣʦҲһ۵ԵȻСԺ
õԿ׵ʱﻹĵ⣬˭б˼ûҹء
Ϊ⣬Ժ䣬µҲЩ
ڣ鰸Ѿڼеϰ߰ڷźˡĳϰŸɻвһ֧ʯ񻨡
ɽ䣬֦ͷѾʵӡ
ɽ񻨻á
ϱʱڼױˡ
廨ô
һ˫Ҳ
Żɫ񻨳ϤĽʰòѽǶҪǿöࡣ
һ½ԥ
ڴˣ
㻹֪գҲǹӼ಩ʿˡ
Ԫ۵ϴλӿ˶ƣߴٸݸѧѡѧӼ࣬¹Աӵ·ѧС
ԱԴԴϵĽʿȴ࣬½ԥȱѾãɴһ·
ֵŰŵĵ˼䣬ĽڣܿҾˡ
ۿһۣ½ԥЦҲ׳ķиּҵϢҪҪ֪
˵
½ԥһ磺ҹɰ㶹Ҫ糤۶ټˮ㣬øɾĲ
Եʱ򽫲ߣȫˣԶܲ
ϲˡ
̿Źӣһͷʱȥ졣
˴߶ȫģɽ¾кӣ˵ػͨ糤СòݴţǮһ
ڶӼþŷĥǮ顣
˵ա
ҹĸϢңʺҪʹּҡ½й½ԥĹĸְ
·ӣйкλѡй˶յ
˲δԾȷʵǻʺ·ܻὫ°Ҳ뻻ٷԣ
Եģһٶˡ½ԥǰԹ
£һڲ裬²յ׺£
½ԥͰ۷͸Լ̨Ƶϡ棬üͷšƵּҹﲻʶ֡
˵Ųյۡ
ü΢š
һȷʵԱҲ𣬵ּҵĳŮʶѰо˻¡
û뵽ھд
۲ѼȺ࣡
½ԥȵľⷴӦδˣЦ˳㳤࣬˻ô秵ģ
ЩڣʱٿԣЩȫİ취
Ŭ飬ȴüãҲֹ֪˵ˣ᲻ܡ
޶˱ۣܲܡ
˼⣬ƽ⼸ɵʲô£Ҹʷһ
½ԥϷʣ̽Ҫôˣ
۴üڲ裬½ԥһۣѧԱն֮࣬йԱ㣬ѡμ׵ȼ³䲹Աһˡ
½ΪΣ
½ԥס˵ּҵأôֹյҹϵģ취ȷʵ
ⷨ˶ã½ԥ׹ĽһӼ࣬Ϊľ
ѡѧ鲼
½ԥ΢΢Ȼ¾ôҲҪһһѡ
飬½ԥˡ
½ԥͷ𵴣ȴֱû꣬׷ʣȻ󣿡
ȴЦûȻ󡣡
ȻȻǲƽһ
һûܣҲûܡ
һʹˡ
ʺ¼ƥʾΡ
һǶ֦߱ɺ߱Ƕŷ߱úɺӣĸ֡
һġ
½йʹ֪ͣɵ£ʺ
Żʺüͷ⺢ӣҲ̫ˡ
ĸ칫칫ǾԪ۵СãѾɱ˵ܵܵõĴλ¹˳ֵ?Nǣʮݡ
ⱦʹּһɡ
˲ʾΣֱ½ҲǹּҼҵױŴ󻧵±㲻ýˣǸּҹ˽
ʺʹͣһСϻ
ӵȰ͵̫ˣͷϻӣ֪ӡϻǸ
һԲСɫ
ֻʮִĽ𣬲ɫ
һ㿴ŰôԴ˾һ·˺ͨѵõƣ
ܲܽһ֣Ҳմմ
ǮˡЦ
ȴǾͽǮ»бȵǮõ¶
ҵ͵ʹǼϲ£ôһʴƣÿ˶ǮͷʮǮÿ˶һǮ
Уֱ˲⡣
һǮӻݿǮϻӣصļϻүùٵǮѾ¶ˣ
ҹʱͷͷһ飬ŵȥҸһ
ڱЦʶֵ¶Ͳ֪
뿤ŮǵĽȦӲͬٹγ磬Ҳ


43 Բ
Ȣ

ʹ, ˴ͼˣЩʾ椡
ʹһƥ֯Żĺɴһ, ŷһ, ȹѶá
ֻһݶأһѧŹܼ, ׵ͬ, ֪ǳ˫ɶԵĲźá
ԭڳҲһܵ, ֻʱ͵㼦Ǻˡ
ݶ, ҪȻɫģһҲ֯, һ״š˵һƥ̵
ûãдưա
ؿ죬ݶһ󺹣ɫ, û޽ˮЪô, ûá
Ѿˣ¶࣬ұЪš
ӸȥӼŴ, һỰҪ˵
˵, ҹôʺȥˣôͣžѡæҡ
˵ͷ, ȴһ
ӱ㡭ôˣ
֮, ʵһ𳤴, ãɫ
ЦһЦ࣬ӿŶˣҲ밢ˣ˺Щöء
ӷһӻҪûϸ״񵹵ò࣬žͷԾ
ƽգߴߴˣ˵һ䣬ûʮžˡôưƵģһ
ڽ̤ϸ˵վĸѾͷ
ǹҲʱ˵Ҫȥء
۾ģҲȥҡ
⻹ҪӸʲôӲ⣬ֱ椲̫Ծͷ֪ˣһȥһ
һ
ӻؼұֹһվĸˣһһõģվ
춼첻ȥǶƵġ
﷢˰գ
Ҳųô죡
˷Ƣǿ˲ã˭֪̲ǻʹӵǸƫƫ˸¡
ʱдҵݣ档
ûҲû
ߵѾ߽ݺˣ̫̫лл͸ǹӣΪ¶ǹµЩӹźһ¨ʵĹʣһ͸ﳢ
ʹӣҲӣͣ֯ľƷʲ࣬һǺӡ
ţһţôҪôȥ
ӻֹ˵ǷͰ͵ڼ׳԰סԵô࣬ǲ⣬˵ⶼó
ҪǸ椻һͺˡһеҪøʲô椣椾ͲÿĲˡ
ӻ䣬Ѿűߣ׷˯Ь
ϻﴩЬҪУܵûѰա
ɰûУЬӣƹ԰¶ţߵ캫Ĵ֣ڲڣ
ͷãڲڣ
飬ͷڳˣ~
ſ˯ֵ糿۾ͼѾϴ꣬ϹٷԤţ˰
һۣ㶼סˣ治ȥ
Ѷȥã˸ͷ࣬ںĹ﷭Ѵû׳ѹϣλεԵˡ
վűߣһƳţ椵ô£ô
µչʢе԰Žƴ⣬ŵЩζ
˼ҳ廨ḻ̌Ӵ䣬ͨΣֻֻӡ
űߣ￴ȥë
֧ȣôȻͬǵСϷ￴¡
ٿػͷһΣſڽ˵
ôʯ񻨣ﲻ֪
һ۾֪ԣøСûݲǸͳԵĲŲ˻ɣһӻһƾ⡣
أǺŮʱթģʲôʲôȥûס
ûףһ仰©˵ס
ǻ˵ֵסҲȫƭŮԸеģܳ⣬ʲôã
ɵ߹հ䣬½ھиӡţȥߴ椣ܣǼӽףǰͷƣ
ôʶ½ԥģ֪½ԥû׵¶˭椵Ĵˡ
СŪûӢǰһ״Ȼ˰
ô죿ûգ
Խ˵ԽߣˣôһҲ÷ϡ
ʲôѽԼˡ
һųǼӲɡ
¶ģеУ¶Ҳϴ϶͵ȥɡ
ϴ϶̫һ¶μԴ椲á
ֻСӣС軵£˲ŷġ
Ҳû˲ǲ̯ҪǮʵۻءɰեӡ
һٻƣ½´顣
˵þڵ˼˼½϶Ŷǵ˭ˡ½ǸɱͷﶼӦ
°л˵ˣҲţһֱѰͷܲܰѴ椽ӵҼ죿
ǸﶥŸɡ
ڼҾǸ׹ҪףںҶúúõģŲȥء
ߺվסˣɴŤӣٹȥͰػˣȰȰô
ѴŻ֧ȣһŤݣͰͰѱһǵʵʵ
ӽϽ
˯ѵҪתȦͷ¿޲ñӳһ١
ҿɲȥùͷСأŵʱ򣬻˵ֵŵĶƤ
˵գҲסȥ
תߣߵ¶ű߻һӣȥ߳أصһǶҪгʲôͳʲô
ƾʲôֻһܿ࣡
ˣ
ӵһ·Сȥ˳ԸԣҲҪţ보ز͵Ժ
һĭûУһ֪СѾͷŪ
ͶͦԣϻʯͷԲݣÿһΰͶûС
Ƕ˶ûˣһͷϼ⣬ûΡ
һüô͸
СͶƢ
ˣڶǴˣСʱɲһ
ĶһƢһһñȥһϳԣѾСʱͶ
ʱҹҹȻ⣬ͷһ廨⡣
Ǹ˰ͷ˷ֳһ廨⡣
˵ڶ죬±֪Ҳһء
Ϊܳ⣬ֵߣȥգҼסˣҳԲ⣬Ͻߡ
ҴҼңңǶԡ
ΣóҾͶ¶ȥ
ﻹӵģͶȣһ⡣
һϰæϽӸ⡣
õгɱһƬƬǳǳһֻȫˣͣ׷
һ۰ͰͶš
룬Űһ֣߰գ׳


44 Ӹ¡
Ȣ

ұּһ, סԺӸ׵Ķӣͷ¥Ů, ǰ滮һСԺ
Ǻ, סƫԺвǰε
Ժ÷, ŮǶ¥ǰ
ڴ, Բݳ˼°͡
ȷ˵, ϵһ, ۾˱Ҳˡ͵һͷɢϣԴ῿š
С, ͷʢţ࣬˪׷ۣһž㡣
, ôȼڡ
˹, ˭Ҳ
ôҲȥһɩҲû, ˭Ȱס, ǲˡ
ҡҡͷ˫ûɣѹ£Ͳ
ڴͷ, ȥˣûԡ
ȹӾҪȥŮ, ϱסСþ, ׼¶ʮͷţ
Ȧһ죺ħǡ֪Ÿˣ˭ң
뵽˭ң뵽ܳȥؼҵӣ᲻ŮƽʱͷƵľҪˣŶ
бͱһöȣ
վڴűߣСָͷͶ䣬ô仰ö䶼ˡ
ɩһŤͷȿСӣϽ˼ɱס
ɩҲܣҡͷ
һҡͷ˿ˣŪʲô
ŤͷͼббվڴűߣһҪӴӳȻٴ⡣
ۿڳһСͶƵǰͷ
˻ٴҲܳŰⶶ˶һͷôˣ˵䣬ݿ
ѵӣƴ椣˵ˡ
ƼҲˣҲǣԼҸҶཻҲûе˼ҹؼҵĵ
ĸӿ޲ͷȥҪǱ˿ˣһ㲻
Ҳһˣ˭˭¡
һߣѹôŴҲǸ¶ƣҰѾȱˡ
ȱСŪҲ֪
ߺߣûӢ죬ʵڲͷǸˣҵøϽúú˵˵ȥ
ֻ֪һ֪ˡŲǰСͶǰ磬ǰԵøֻƵġ
ǴģˣһֱȰ椣˼˼أҲûš
ģ˿һ۶ӣֿһ۰ȰȰã½˼ңǾǸѣҪģҲù
⻰Ҳ˵˵ŮҲż޵˼ȥ
ľϣպÿ
ͷٹãӶԼġ
һ֣
ң׹⣬¶Ц⣬ŲŲӹȥˣС
úӣȥȰȰ椣ϲܵԡο˼Ҹϲ
СҼҲǵý߳Ѫ֪ࡣ
Ǹ½ԥ᷿Ѿͷŵ½᲻ɣƲϡ
һļǸĸģҪ߶ӣôԼķͷôɾ
½ԥòѾ£Ȼ߰δ棬̸Щ
ֻ֪½ԥĸͷİգһúȰ
˰Ѱ͵椷ſڣߵߵš
ͷûɴȽȥ椣ˡ
椷Żϣ˫Ŀһʱ𣺡ôˣģ
ԼҪ㣬ġ
椶ˣֹһ䣺磿Ҳϣ
֪أĶȥˣߴףĺë
ߣһ۾ɨͷŵСѶҨһף͵ߣϻظͻܸдţҴźö¶Ҫء
Щӣȥһ䡰½ҲɣǶ½Ҳɣ
Щģʣʲôң
ͱһ࣬ȥŰֱҡ඼ҡˡˣҾ͸㡣
椸ԥһˣضθɾ˵
½ԥڼ϶
֪Ůѧѧģ˼Ҽϴ϶˼ǲ͡
мȻи֣Ǳڼŵڶ
һһܵܡ˵ţ򿪵ĺӣԼ˿⣬Ҳһ顣
ЩȫǴ椲֪ģҲΪˣȴһҲ
ҧһڣҲҧһڡ
ĸܵܶǵĸģСġ
סϢ뵽ģ뵽Լ᲻ɱ㴹ߡ
أֵܶǿǵĴҪ˵¡Ǹɴף꣬ס
֪⡣Ϊ˺ŮС˵ıģǴԵġ
֪Ҳô࣬½Ҳɣˡ
ɡ椵ͷðβŰ̧ˣˡ
ţɴۡ
ĸģСʱΪһϽ˽ʿ˵ţᣬӯŶССЦ⣬ǳ˶ٿͷϻؼҲԿԹӣȤúܣ
ͬ˵ժһҰ
ǰѻ᲻öڸСϻ˭Ҳ
˵Ҫô룬ǻͦе
˿½ԥ˵ƷѧʶԶֻǼеĸȣ
ҪǡҪҴã֪ĴáԽ˵Խж˸âڶ
ֻ֪˵ģ˵Լġ
ڴвãɻˣûȰã˵ء
˲Ů֪Ů۶½ģֻϧһϧʲôˣɾͻڸˡ
Ѳá
֪
ǡôﶥһһ㶨ףô죿·ͨһ·
椷ŻСɷףʱȴк⣬ͷǣֻ֪½Ҳãȴ֪Ǻõģҵ֪Ǻõģܶ
԰գ𰢱֣лл
ͷԣʲôҲûѽ
׾ͺã§§椵ĸ첲úúóԷ
һͷǣأҵúúöġ
ˣһһֱűߺţͷУæʲôԸ
˶ˣôϵģ
ŤҪȥҹ˵
ϣҪԼ档
˰ڴߣһ䣬ͷƵЦøԸȥھɱɰղԻˣðͻɾٸ档
ϱϵ֪֪ҹһ档
ۿô¶Ц⣬˶һۣͲˡ
˵ţͷŵģҼȥˣ춼ˡ
һǰ¶컵ˡ


45 
Ȣ

ѾӾ, ֣ʹ˹˵һҽ׳
ɲ, Ҫ֪ûѴȰ, 椷ǿɾͲǴˡ
ҸҸȼȥˡ
ȥա˼ֱԽԽ, ΪŮ, ӴϢּŮʶֻҪѡ, ĳǽ֪
, ֱ۶ĹټҵĹﻹвʶֵ, 佫ҵŮʶˣ
һƷ׵ĿôôУڵ߹ðһԡ
Ϊ⺵ڴˣһưͶɫ֪, ﻹǲܴ, ˵ҲȥңҸл˵
ŮôСӷųȥܲԿ˵סںҡ
һ۰, ٿһ۶, еǵ˼
ðˬֿûôЩë, ųĺù
, еӰɥŮеػֻּһŮ, ִϢ᣻ֻּһŮԾ
һҲͲأ
ҹٽҲ൱ּûӣӶ࣬ǰ֧Żһ͵͸ּҵġ
ⲻ˵׸ҪܽףסּҲǲɡ
ô࣬һҲ٣ó˵ܶʮꡣԽԽϲЦһ仨
ĸӣֻʱ
ǻҲϸһҪܽ϶ȢȥˣЩʱӡ
ôӢƯ˵ĺӵöÿ
˵㣬ûģҲТôȥѰģƲ
һһ򣬳ӽź鵽ǣŤͷߡ
ﻹںͷЦȥգססȥʲôҪġ
һͷܣ˺һ֪Լ˼ӿˡ
û˹ţѾͷʰ͵ȥһȣǻҼŰ⡣
ԼԼҸͷҲôװס˼Ҽ
͵쳤վõסȥ˼öˣ˵׼Ǹ˼ˡ
ֱϳŲӣڳ߸ţˣˣ֪ûȰá
ʵõӸһģ̳ģ׼˵¶ʮͷţ
Ϊû˿ȱƳˣһߣ˵ǻôȫ˺û
һее椸˵ˡ
ȥա˲أ֪ۣﲻӦ½˽
һҲģܲ⣬һֱۣû˵
·ϲűһ椵£棺Ǹ½ԥͬҼǵǸʿ
λأûɣҲ´ŵϺŵġ
һ佱Ŀɺܴô
µˡָͷ̽ǿɲµ
Цһ
имۣɲƵģÿ⣬а취Ӳƽϵʧ
Ҫһģ¿Ƶġ
ЦۣʱԻػЦʲôûúãʲôЦ˼ҡ
Цһգ˼˼ҵģѲɰͶ̽ɡ
֪ױܵ£ۣٿ㲻Ҳ椵һëգ
Ѿˡ
Ǻһָѽٲ֡
ûףˣһƲЦ⡣
Ҳ֪ǻûϣǾͲż~
ɢѧصСԺв跹ѱ
֪ӵʿסСԺóԴʱ˸ȫõŷÿҪ͵ʲˡ
ӼһŷҪʮ˵ķֲĥĥõĲʵ̸Ϻóԣֻʤڸɾ
סڵԺеĲʿǣҲֻûɼң¶мҾ
СԺÿմ̲ϣ˵һƬʹѧǸԺӶż㡣
գ۾ͽ˼ΪʶѧؼҳԷ
⼸ѧ䶼ƶȴǸݡѧĺӣ͵Ӽ֮󣬲¼ġ
˴ͬѧй񣬶ЩһǾôţҪҪᲩʿ񣿡
ǻ͵ʲôԷǮīҲÿµĶһ·һΡ·ʡЩãܸӵǮȥ
ߵԺűߣţѾ
̧ߵľţһߵ㿪ˣͼСԺ쾮֧һŰǽϲ֪ʲô˱ǡ
Ѿһɴֱ֣Ӵпѧ㣺ա
ѧԺУû˵½ԥˣԶŵúܣʲôõģ
ʱվ񣺡½ʿ
۱ģ䷹ġ
ô˵ȴеСר½ԥԤġ
ɰʢţ̰ɫڹðݡ
½ԥЦһԼƿǣкѧǣҶԼ֡
໨иÿʢһ뷹ְӣһ⻹вˣȹڳԵûá
ԺһɣͰ£½ԥſӻǼС롣
½ԥ嵭дζƣѧȴ⡣
һӷ¡
۴СʳԵǣǱ½ԥˡ
Ⱥһ㶹ͷѧ˵¸ұýѧÿһ²ŻسһΡ
ӼһΪãѧ߷ǰãѧҵŷѡãֻţʷͨѧá
۳ֻѧ˰£ͱμãרΪõݼӢѧǽѧ
¬⼸˷׷״̧ͷ¿ŵƽձѧˣ
Ҳ֣֮Ӽʿ٣ο̽ɡ
Բƽвֱͨӹǣһٲ跹Ǻܷġ⼸£ȴһʦ緶
½ԥͷ⼸ѡˣҪʹ͵˾ȥġ
ʦ֮꣬оټ֮ѧֱ⼸
˵ʯ˵ˣжеϺ꣡
ˣ½ԥСԺϣԵöƤԲӻĽĽϺꡣ
ڴǰ鰸ǰ̧ͷܿ½ԥɳ˹ĵӣ֮ǰôԽ죬Խûˡ
ĥմʣ½ԥͷһƣôˣ㻹£
д顣ÿոĸһ顣
½ԥһҡҡ˯͸ۿ׬ˣÿš
дţϡ̡
ͷܽӣˣ
۵Ѿãʱõÿȡſ
½ԥѾڳѣʲô¶ôôּҶװ
ǡһĿʮС
ǣ㻹ûȥװ粻˳٣Ͱ͵˼Сﱼæ࣬÷䣬ڰ죬ûȥּף
һۣû˵ٻˣˡ
½ԥ̣ҡϻ̽ɾȻˣ
ŲӣҴǻǹԸ˵ģɲ˵©졣ģôӾһҲܣ
ۿţ¶Ц⡣
ĸдģǰѾټҽȥּҵ¸ˡ
飬ǷŲˡдһµģĸףҽȥϸд
ҪԿӾĶá


46 
Ȣ

ҵӼְǰ, һ£ĸ͸ҽȥּҡ
ĸƽ, ϵҽ, ˻üȡ
ʳҩ
ϵҩŷ, һź, ͷÿ¶⼸ˡ˵һ̧, ѺС
, Ժ裬Ҳϸ
Ͽ, öϱҩӣ˵ȥ
ɡ˵ۣϳ߶, ͬкṫӡ
, ЩΣ
ǼԸͬ̽ɶ˵ģÿÿܻǴ
ܵҽŵģɲʲôҰţ举˾ͨ, ˾μҽѡ, ϸ񣬳͢¼ᣬǵȴگ
ͨҽŮ˵Ǽҫϳ͢ǼڲҽŮҽ, ÿ¶һ
дҸ˹Ů, ͬ˶ҽҽŮ
ֻ, ˻һ
ԽԽˣṫӲضǡʮͣޱ߻һ˿׷ޡ
߸ŵĶϱҽĴߡ
ҽֻŮС
ʱͬҽ棬
ʣôʱ¾õ˰գǶҲš
á޺ϣţȴΣ
Сϲ裬ǶһڣձҪȥӼܻ֮࣬ؼң⼸жĸд
Ц棬ӸӣҲˡ
۴С㲻ҡǰɷʱѧж飬дŻؼҡû뵽ɷһȥӳɳ֪ʱдˡ
ﻹʲô£Ҫһŵģ游ԽԽãҲԶҪʲô£ɸСһ˱ǡ
ͷ֪˵±Ҫ죬Żǻд
һмĸס
ʲô¶˵աһɫҳɴͷֻøסһ
ӳô󣬳ּҹ£й
رֹ¡
ĸףϸּҹ
С÷ģһ⻰Ͻ˳ȥˡ
ڵ˵㡭㡭˲ָ̬Ŷӣ˵֣ǽӲȥ
ѳҲˣϲ˼ҹҽȥƲǸʲôҪǱ֪ˣͷֻô˵
⻹ûأǶ£żҽŵҸƲǡʲô
֪ĸˣΪҽȥּҹúò
ҽȥǲй̼ʲô̥֢ҪȻôż꣬ȥˣ
˼ϣ㡭ĸȥˣ˵óڣ
Ǽһȥ׵ģּô룡
ĸ񣬰첻ֱҲ֪ʧֻЩҽ飬ɫ̫ʢ
ֻú
㿴ҽ飬濴ҽˣУҲһգ⿴Ƴʲô
ɫ죬ϲ˼ҹҲʧ
ȥȥʥ飬ϸ˼˼ȥ
۳ôͷرϷϳȥ
վ⣬ʵҲûİ취ĸҪǲϳ֣Ҫô˸ôȷû缲
ǳ᲻ۿʯվŲҪЦ
Ҳ̫ˡһˣѽѰͷ˼ҹûԵ˼
޺һɣͿʼúõģֱ
룬ôˣǲͷһ⣿˺Ӳĵģ
ǵǵģ¿ƿȫûģΨһ£˷ģ
˼˰գ˸ͷ˼̸죬𾩳ƸƵҽţټҲǳ¡
СӳˣŶȥ
˺˿ڱ÷˳˳£Ǻ£Ҫģôӣ
ЦˣУʹȥ˵ӳۻڽ££Ӧ
۸һҾ
˸ŴɴƼһߣ
ЦаԺȥͷȴ룬۸ͿʼˣӭȢּҹ۳žҪˡ
˵׾̫ʧ񣬾͸Щ
ӢһӰѦʱ򣬻дŻŮһͬǰ˼ϣӢҲܴϰ
Ӣͷһл˱СѾͷȥŮС
ȥ˵һͬһȥ𡣡
ûŮֱһ֣䲻ŮѰúܡ
ҲĸǰգֻԼУǻѾܳ
ʱС˵Ҫһ𡣸Բ׼ĸʲô˼ߵĴѾͷݱ׽Сͳš
ûһˣ̫̫Ҫȥ𣿡
ɷʱԸʲô¶ͻɸСѾͷű˵һ
ҲһСѾͷһվ̫̫Ҫ߹ȥ𡣡
˵ߣԺѾ
ԴүûˣѾûԺСѾͷš
һʹܵŮУ̫̫ǲ࿴
߰˷ƣֻͳϸüһšĪҪ˵ЩׯصĻ
ôǲׯأҲΪ㣬˭㣿⼸ҹҹڰûڣڵóӶˡ
֪̫̫Ůϥȥţ
үһߣĻȫĸģҪǵĸѡ˽Ůˣӿô
ûТʱʵʵš
һТķ巿߶Ǳߵ檽ύͨͨ·ӣҪ̫̫ܵǰȥ߹Ļ£̫̫շˡ
˵ЩΪԭȾв̫ƽĸײŲҳţ̫ƽˣȻҪȥ㡣
ɲŮ˵ʲôܼˡ
Ůѡѣ̫ޣֲ̫أдޣԵΡ
ԼŮúãԽǴأԽǳĵ˲ĳڣ²õȹӣϱļɴ
ҧס֪˵Ҳûãɴ߽ң
ˣѾݱȫɫ
ǡݱҲ̫̫ۣԼҹĶãƫû̫̫
һգؾظڵĸߣ˱²֪ĸΪʲô
Լ˼Ҳ˸Ů
ź̵ĸ첲ͼվŸѩƵŮӣ΢죬סˡ
˸һ߽ãͬôôܳôÿ
Ȼ֪˵Ҳ֪ԼòԭŮнʱʱ˿佱Щǣһ
Ҳˣô
ôֱ׵Ŀ佱δ
΢΢һ죬ͼĸЦչŮ֣þûˡ
ǣδģ¸ҽ㣬ĸҲûô˵
Ůһ󷽷߹ˣӺòãҲҵѼӵģóԡ
Ц´һۣˡ
ȷʵָˣȹȹӵ·һ磬ЬӶЩ
ǳˣһء
ճ𣬰һ£ɴղõġ
ȵϲ̣˼ɫļɴ£ǷɺɫɴȹȹǶϽߣһȦ֦ơ
չһЦüĿ鶯
һ˵˾ң˲ŵŮ
ʱ򰢱Ѿʹ̣˲˵ŮһСʱûôôţ˵Ůһȥ
ӢһĥҪôģ˵ŴˣԭС֮ңҲôͨء
Ϊ͸һһʱ֪һ
ƣӢ齿ᣬֻüĿɫ࣬һǶ˺ܶġ
ڿ飬Ҳڿ
Ѧ˵ּҹ黺ߣƽ֮˸
ģأķˣԼһǻˡ
ʮһġ
Сǽ㡣
ּҽá
˿̸죬һͷתӢЩ꣬ڼТԭﲻ̫ƽҲ̫Ҵ
ӢһòӦɲײҸơ
һ·ӳݵǣ·Ҳв̫ƽĵطӢͰñޣֲֲ˻š
дӪš
չڣϵ̫С
⻰˵ģ̧̫ˡ
û֮ǰǾмҼҪĳѩ˻ݣȴƸô֡
һүûˡ
丸ûˣֳȴ̽ɣǰ;ɺúѡһеϵ˼Ҷ
߲ɵѾ͡
ţҲΪܸ߶߶Ů壬뵽
Ǽﵽʲôͷ˵˵Ǹסˡ
鲢óʣȴߣŲյơ
ﱻСûУѾ궼ûˡཻͬŮӣôֱ㶶ơ
ȣƫƫԼã·ڿ񣬻е˶죬һ̯֡
ʱóƴС̴ӣȣǲȣҸȡ
鿴ĸԼӣЦסڣҲȣҲٳġ
ͬһģٺη䲻ηȡ
Ǳ߶Ѿӣ˵
ʱƽģ̫̫ǸһգӺŮҵСĲˬúõء
Ҳģ䲻ϲСŮĸҲְ
Ӣ֪ԭŴ
˵ңҲʱһլͷƲҽţ˾ǵõӲźá
˻һΪҽȥּңΪ
Խ˵Խ﷢飬ְѶһ١
Ӣһ뵽˵۰ԵëûУҽţŸ
ԼԼϣ˵ԭԵ̫٣ͺˡ
ӢʵĴѲ룿
ÿú˶ûЩƣҪǻɱˣˡҪ汻Ķš
Ǽһ򿴵ҽϣ渾Ʋġ
ҵȥҼҳõǸҽţʮͣƹĲࡣǹеҲ빬Ʋ
⻰ӢͬȻҪϴûë²Σͷ˷ġ
ʲô̾һͬŮòİۻϲҲ֪ϲ
ˣһ۵ͶԵ
ܾãǸøϱġ


47 Ӹ¡
Ȣ

Űһ, ʶλãҪƲ
ôҲûشֻСʱһγԻ˶, ÷κˡ
ˤˤǶ, ƤˣԼͻΡѱ˼, Ŷǳ, ϵ
˭, һʱȥǴ, һɤӣϵһۡ
Եëûй, һ׳Сԡ
˵Ҳǧ࣬ԽԽ
ƱģǿŮҵĲиʲôĺ, Ҳõڵʲô, ˵ܸܲˣޡ
ԼǸء
ȲҲ, ˵Ҫ, Ǿ
ҽһӵӣʱ϶ϱҩָ
СѾͷԺУһ·ȥҽűָԵĸһ
԰лй, Ѱ, ĸ˼԰ﲻЩʯ, Ե˼ҳĶ㡣
ּҵĳ㡣
ҽŸϱ߹Сţһ㣬ºɻãСѾͷŸ㡣
Ա߷Ÿľ裬ľѾβ㣬βˮ
һСѾͷ˵һ͹ˡ
߼ֲ֪ĸĸǸ˵ڱϲŶ
ҽϱһۣǳԵģģ԰ʯˣҲԵġ
ǻӵ˼ҡ
ԺűߣӭҽŽȥ
һӣپʣûѰЩֻڷ۰ǽߵϣһˮīͼ
ţ˳Ŵоǻľ
ҽʮʱҩĸ׽լ渾ƲʮĹ⾰ˣʱؿˣһӣ֪ʲô
һƣݵ˱Ǹؿ֮ˡ
լˣΪʳǣֻҪһ㣬ٲ
ҽŴ롣
ҽŵüȥ̧۾ͼ޺ŸһӵŮҴ䣬һ˫۾⡣
á
Ҳʮ㡣
߽һպй⣬һ㽡úܡ
ڹ£ҽ齱ߣ
ҽظǾ׼ָڰϣ֣֡
ĸƢθûë
ϸƽʱԵΣ˯Σʵ£ʱиʹ֢֮
ӢһߣпҽŸԽԽҽöԡ
ǸдЩô˵ء
ûСҡͷȥˮϾ·Щ࣬Щ׼˾Ǻסţ÷˳ţ׼׼ġ
ǿ
۳ʲôë
ҽϸˣ˵ﳤһǳ̫ˣƽЩ⣬ҲɺЩţ飬һǡ
ӶÿˣҲðװţ˸ʳĵӡ
һֻ۾ʱס̣գ˵Ҫ⡣
ҿˣ̿ա
ҽȻͷŴţһġ
Ӣ컹ƴǣҲãӺõĺܡסҽŴ
£ӢȴЩ飬ʮٳ࣬ӸĿˡ
ƽҹ԰ߣʳǲǣ
Ӣ˵ͷԽԽ˯Ÿ⼸һȣҲڳʱԵöˡ
Ǻõģǰһֱ޲ʹҽƩмˮʱȻҪˮտˣҲҪմˡ
ҪϲʹȺϽˮ᲻ը
ŵðô죿ôء
ҽŸӢ쿪ҩʳʲôܳʲôٳԣеװס
û뵽̿źö˶˵ģҪôҩ
Ӣ첻Ϊ⣬ԾӺõúܣͷ룬᲻ҽſû£Ÿôҩ
ҽȴҩȥļҩץҩɣʳķӸһվܼЧҪԡһѮ˿
лϡ
ҩ㣬ɸСȥץҩ
Ӣ쿴ֱҡͷôЩҩöӣ˻ܳɣľóҩɱǰա
ݶҽǼģҪϹơ
ܣýǮȥһҩ̣ҪԣʳķҲ񵳲֮࣬Ҫҩ
ﰴ¸ǽʡ
Ӣ컹ƣôҲã䲻ǵģˣǵ֮ǰһһҩȥЧҲûС
ȵʱȥҸ磺˵ˣֻͷǿоĿˣǿо
仹֦Ҷͷǿյġ
һҩûУôΣ
ˣҿ̲ţҶԷ㶢ҩ˷ֹϣðѺ̵ã
Ҳǵô̸ǵȵҩѾ
ѵһţÿҪȻǶ֪
ģ˵ġ
ˣɵһ٣еףûȫס
ǣ˵Ǵ˼ƽնҽءҲô˵Ӻˮ׼֮ǰ㿪ʼʳ
ǵúúлл˼ҡ밢һû˵һû˶껹¡
ˣҪ̫ҽҲƲ
һֱȵһѮҽʱ״ʵϻظֹƲȥɿʲôʳĵӣ
ͽõϵҩģˡ
ǰٰҽѰͷֻҪҲѧЩ׺ˣһ١
ҽűЦֹ｡úܣҾټôõࡣ˵ӵҪ²ֻҪ²ҩĶɡ
ʱó񼸸Ϻõĺȥ
ҽˣ˱дŷϣϵĸϽ͸۸
żգŶˡ
ǽ


48 
Ȣ

۵ʮ, ÿһɢѧ̿
ÿ̶ûУ⼸ҹ, ޲ܴǽŷߡ
Ҫٲ, ҿɾҪүˡ
һɢѧ۱ʰͼǽ»СԺȥ, һ·ϻмѧ档
ǷϽδ˵˵, ĸ˸һ·
һ̸ֱԺű, СԺѾ˷, ζ⡣
Ҳ֪⼸ѧͰ͵ĸΪʲôŽ, Ǽ£Щҳ㷹ա
ѧǵȵıӼл˭֪Ჩʿķóԡ
Ƿ˵Ǻģļŵء
Ӽ, Ժȶٶж, ŷѰѼȡ
߲ҲͳǼԽĳѣﶬʼͳ԰ײˡ˾ôЩ, 㡣
Եöһ˿ˮû, ܵᲩʿġ
ǶٷȫӼѧѧԱһԵģӼƵ˾ҵٵʿ̵һš
˲ʣ·, ۵Ĳʳ, ίʵڹӼ͵ġ
ܳٺõ, ѧÿͶãųһӣƽֻнϡ࣬ôܼԴᲩʿ
۸սţ½ԥҲŵˣ˼ֱζһ˷ſڡ
ȹӼǼƹš
۰գĲˡ
һϹȻˣЦ£кѧǣؾ·˴ҡ
⼸ѧǰѧӡ
ʮռ䣬۵СԺѧԭֻзʱѧǻֻҪûΣѧǶ
ԺʱʱѧǾԺСԲ
һš񡱣ƷЩѧԣķΪԺټ׼
Ʃ¬ֱңƾȥԺ
Ҫ£ڹӼ˿һ£ʱˡ
ȵμưǰ׿ϣٽ͵ǰ
ȽңһйֻʳӣһǼиġ
̣
ˣڹӰϣ
ۿһ̵ۣͷȥ
£ȥţʮˣҲл
Ჩʿѧ㶼ţ½ԥҲûӡûҲȶĵ
ѧżţʵ½ʿᲩʿǲм£
½ԥЦˣм£żȢϱ
ѧ㶼ţǺųȢϱڣɼиԣģǼҲڼȢ޷
ᲩʿѧʶòˣôżȢޣǺλ޲Ŷԡ
۸ţʵţֻж̶̼䡣
һּ֪ĸױдͣī죬дŵʱ
˵ּҹǿҽ˵ټõࡣǺӲãҽѾˡ
ĸ״Լдȥʣ̶̼䣬ּȫ̸֪
˼һ˳ɻûã游ţĸҲˣТ
ϱӲ֪ȴ֪ĸĸһ㣬Ǽĵġ
һûв֢֮ĸȥ֣ҲǼ¡
ѵ˺С˵ںţġ
벻ʲôҪܺΪʱ̫ӣ˽п֡
ɱֹ֮ʮŷ¡
Ǽ꣬һδΣִñΣԶɽ̫רһ
˭أ
۱ɱ̼£ȵͷʹಡ齣ձһش
֢״ʱҽȿ˼ػã̫ҽš
̫ҽҲûƳʲôȥ
ͼ˭ͼΪΣǱΪδӲʵᶼû쳣
ɣԷҶء½ԥһۻع
תһأʵ벻ʲôˣʲôҪ
ԼΪϱӵ£Żɹ
ۺյϻУǰ׵õȡ
ϰ˼ˣΪдѧǣǻʳС̨Ĳ˾ϸҲһɰмһͷԲӣټʱ߳Ƭ
½ԥĿֻʸ۳ԣ۸ؾˣֻǰһˡ
ѧʣᲩʿѾТôʳ
½ԥЦˣǲʳǰʳϻһֻӣͷ顣
½ԥûĶóԣ۱˵̣˺ö
Ŵ̴֪ԭּҹġ
½ԥȡЦۣ۵ͷҪԡ
Ϊּҹﲻׯء
Դּ֪Ҿף½ԥǰֹ
½ԥˣССͱ˹Ӽ࣬ƫƫȱС۴ѹơ
˼ҾǱǿѧҵǿáͬ꣬մѹ
˺üһּ£һ¶ȡЦ
֪ײɣ۳⣺ŮӺϡɽеʿһּҹ˶ף죿
ģףޱİ취
½ԥֱ㣡
һɸ֣ģûЩʱǰһա
ҪʲôΡüã½ԥȻѧЩᱡɡ
ȷʱҲɺ졢ǳɫֱ֣Ż֯ѣѥӡ
½ԥôһۿ˴üͷֱԼԺеء
ӵأֲɫ٬ɺͳ
ҲǣҿôЩ½ԥֻҪһ뵽ʱּҹ۾͹ѹûˡ
ɾֻһ취ˡ
ʲô취꣬ͼ½ԥȤɫ
Ѵ͸̤ѩ׸֣ͽдˡ
ۻôһ˲ҽţѾĸ׸ϳ˵û
½ԥһ㲻˼ʱ˼ҹһףĽ֮~~
ףӺϣӼҲûСϡ˭
ԵĶжԲߣʵûмƲˡ
˼дŸĸףĸЩõҩĸˡ
û˺˷Σ˼Ƣ
˽ӵӵţʰдڹӼִ̣ͷʳΡ
ŵĩһ䣬һּҩ
дһƪΪ䣡˰ֽһ˦Ҫң
㲻֪Ϊ׷գҽ˵Ҫţ󣬳İ˱ҡ
ǲǺóԵĶа˱
˱ѼӰ˱ҡ
ЦˣټϰʳģȥҲǹٸˡ
ǼҾͲô
ʵͷģ䲻ϸԷ࣬裬Щʷ˪ϸס
ɱƬƤܼйڳԣɽ髸ӹʲôʲô
ĶС
ðֱʿˮҪڶûƤڣ
ݴδԹҲδľ̵ģǸʲôζ
ԹҪһԣ
üգյϻӵģŻǩдһ̵ģһġ
̵ֻڣĵкüõ壬ϸɳ
һƺиǾŵһЦǺӣ˶ҽȥɾҶŻô㡣
Щ͸дװףҪ͸鳢һ
µġҪҪѾǳʣСʡ
˺һȥ
۸ˡ


49 
Ȣ

͸˵̵, ú⣬Ĳɡ
ɣʹСѾͷͷȥ˼Եģ, ģƵ, ֻ֪Ӵĵôġ
Ĳ, ҪôƤ̫ס, Ҫô̫١
͸ȥ, ԼųԵĲǰ, СԲⲻһʤ㡣
ǶƯĵֳַɼ, Ƕһݡ
ݱϷĵģϽɵʢµȥ裬ýͲôĵˡ
ÿȡ飬СɵеɺĻ״, ͵Сϡ
ЪЪ, ǳԵĵʱˣּҹﵹġ
ǰڸѣͿ쵽ĸ, һҳ͸ĸ
͸, ֻ½ٻͼָ
ݱô˵ͷҲûֻ̧ʮ, ͣ¡
Ѿͷԭµм, ̫̫ȥ, Ҫͬļҵķ˽ύ࿴ġ
ųһˣºݱױ֪ǴԼҹȥδϱѡ֮һ
࿴ҲǺ¡
ݱױ˵ģظʲôã
ݱʣ룺ҪôѰһŮߣСɰ˿ӻвӣЩƽ˾ϻУԤ˵ġ
鵭ֻͷ廨ǻ
ݱ¶һۣ֪ﲻʹ졣
ֻ߹һŮཻĹǣ붼ǳ̫̫ȥġ̫̫ҲǳŹӡ
ŹСŸո˼ɰָʲôģﰵ̫̫ϲʲôߣϲЩʲô
ЩҲˣһܿƵˣﲻͬ
ҲǡǸģʮ˼˲֪˼һǳŹȥģô᲻ġ
ݱ¸ã֪Ĳ
ݱȰҿּҹúܡ
һ뵽Цּҹһ˫۾ǹƣӣ˻ȥеĽҺֹͬҪŹ֡
Թ˵ҵǣѽǣ㣬Ͱεͷȥˡ
˵Σ̫̫˶Цһ˶ϲӯӯġ
ôһ
Ҫֱ׵öࣺҲǣּҹûôЩӵˡ
лӵ˭˽Բ̸˭ҲҴ¡
ǻӿ˵ҪϯǼĶȫ˵Ҫȥ
ݱ׿Ȱù׼ҪͬǼҶ׵ģͬãʤã˵
˵ԷǸ˼ҽύͿʼδĸδСӴýҲѰ¡
滹˶ԷĶҪţ´¾Թһʹӿôã
͸̫̫һ㡣үһߣû㡣
˽ţºͼױֻҪһģﶼҪԴ
ôͬȥ϶ÿ˵Ҳһ档
һܰæ˵˵ɩӰСӱޣױһɣͷʵݡ
ðգױܺϼ֣
ȴЦһĲ⣬þ֪ˣΪЩҲüͬá
ƾʲôأ
ǰװŶԸûһͷȴͬõĻᣬĸ׸ǰ¶
ݱôȰá
ݱװЩյУȫ̧µȥĴģóã¹ƼҪӵյ
˱˵ǹӣͷ䣬ͷһŻ𡣡
ͷǸûɣ㲻Ը׽
Ȼ˵֪֪֪ģοżһ档
ĶûȫָѾͷҪصģģһʵĻȥ
ݱ޷һֻҶĺɰõģͷһ͸ˮ׺Ҷ䵱¶
⻹ǹ￴˵ģ׺ӡ
¶ɷŽ꣬϶
Ҫաݱּҹﴩһǳɫذ̣̳ɰá
µͷɰʮգŸ꣬ﻹûϡ
һ͸С˵һԶ͸ֹһ
ˣѺɰ͵Ϸȥ
Сӹ߹Խϸˣҽȥø̫̫ȥ
ݱһֹһ͵С̫̫ȻҪƣǰͷǸҲûϸġ
ϸˣҲһúãΪ˼ͬĵģһּҹȥ
ݱվף⣬˵һּҹﻹǹõʲô㣬˵ŵúܡ
һССʱҼ߹õǳѩ㣬ǷУҲһա
ס
ݱͻȥһȻڿڣôЩ
ɲǡ
һɰ
ݱ׵ͷºЩϸã̴㡢ЩǸС
߹ϣҲ÷Ķϳһζѩ
һɰһл˾ϺõϣԵĻѰóѵãݱ׵ݵǰţȷҪŨöء
Ʒϼѣȷǿϰٱ
˿˿ڵͷµĹ̾нݾƫƫͲԸߣǵǸ
Ļ̯ڰϿ˺ü飬ָͷŪˮӣ㿴¶飬ÿ
ݶϲúܣ˵͸СҲѶǮҲһϻҸﴩȹ׺Щ
ǻһ·һ·졣֣ҪҪ봩ˬ죬һ£ĶŲסˡ
ȫɫɫˮɫôˬĿô
ѾͷҲɫĦŰϲáΨӣѵһĹɴѣСɴӴŶ£ޡ
һ»ϲݶӰڳǼСڰٱЦòС
ҺüǰѣĶܴ£Ǹʲô
ͷһǰľɰڵʱȴ
ѾЩխѣȹӻܷţС˲ܷţȫӡ
͵ĺɰҪЩʲôݣҸʲô
椱ûôƽϣӣҲúᡣ
½ѣǸƵѣЩò׼⡣
ߣҲûظߡ
ԼҹʵǲҹάҲڽŮˣʹɣ֦ͷĻܾ
ƫƫ벻Уµˣĵ˵Ҫүɰܳӵҩˣû꣬ҴϿڡ
үˣһͣһá
Ҿͻһ﷭ңĵ⡣
׳һҶҶһؽβͣβͺЩͷ۾Ե鶯á
ݶģÿһҲݶģ˿Ҳݶġ
Ųô״ɫãǳ˿˺ü㣬ӼҲԵôª
ǰԼã˴椻԰԰ڣ͵ĺɰõóֵ͸
Ҫ͸
СֵĻӣѧŶٿĺɰǾտԼҹСѧд֣̫ġ
ͷȻˡ
ҲЩõģҪȻһҪ͸ҹĻˣ͵ȥȻҪЩ
ģֲġ
㡭㲻ףֱҡͷŮֶԷҲء
һЦ޷ҿܺã
ܿյ˻컹ûڣ͵ˡ
Եּҹȣݱһõ񣬾֪Ҫ䵭ôϸţͼʲô
һǼ桱һ
ϣŵƻ飬Ͷͷû̧
ݱ̧ͷô
ݱױ־ݹȥõһƣü΢
Ӽ򵥣Ŵ裬©ĵطֲȥ߰ŮԵ̫׾ˡ
ҧסġ
֪뵽ʲôǰͷλϸҲ˵ġֻһնմһ˵Ƶһ졣
ĵأһ򴽣ͻȻʵ
ЩСѾͷǣ
Щҳ


50 ɰ
Ȣ

˾ţ֮, ˸ֻа廨ĺɰ
ִһž͸ˡ
ӲǲЩͷв㣬˺ЩѰõõŵҩ, ʵɢ, ÷൤
ԽԽȣִвĹٶ, ձҪȥѲ, Щҩ, ܽ
Դҽ氢, дʹˣƼһλ̫ҽ, ̫ҽҲ
ľˣ֮缲ֻʱ¶˹Ƿʪ۾ʮĥˡ
𣺡Ƽô໼Ͼ, ôû
Ͱд, ּͰ̫ҽ뵽
Ҳǲ֪û룬˵ɽһɿͲȥ, Ҳ, Ҳʹ
ӢҲһӶҩҩš
ôӢȻ᲻ãⶼҪȢ׵Ǯ, һ¾ûٽ, Щҩ, ĺΡ
üͷҪǲãȢϱϱӣ˭ţ
ò׼ҾźЩ帣ųɡ
Ӣûӣĥ˼ҩҩţԭҹزۣƵƾ;˲ѡ
һ˯θһ˾ɫࡣ
Ӣû˵ҩǹá
ִоԼ̶ûëЩˣҲ綼ˣԸ⿴̫ҽ
ҲѺţ̫ҽ
̫ҽųӣЦеǲһ۹ʹ
ִȣȷʵۣȥ궬й۵ĸоһů;û۹죬̫ҽϵó
ŵðҲ˲ںˣ̫߳ҽҪôΡ
̫ҽˣоϧ־ʹǴ£ղʹղʹܰ򰤣򰤡ʹˣһʹծ
ѰסˣֲЩϾ˵˶Ҫա
˿ҩ̫ҽÿִȾģЩҩİͰҩԡ
ˮϴҲ·ϲˣվҩĸ衣ִеֹֻôҳ˵Ѽˡ
ͷݷ̵ͷڴͰϵֻѼ֭ʡ
˫ĿԲɶס۾ﻹỨִб̾ˣŮҲТ
ִиվҩ裬ݵϽ˹ҩζ
Ԫ۸߰ٴȥӢʻһţŵһҩ㡣
㲡ˣ
û̫£Ԫ˾䳼ӵ塣
ִа֣õúܣǳŮ˸̫ҽʹۣվ־ҩģһҩζ
ԪҲµľɼִŮˡ
ʺ·˵ּŮʶ֣нѡñѴȥʺԤ˺Щʹͣʾ
ˣЪһЪæһɿɿ졣
һ̧֣̫ܭϲյ
֪ǱҪϢ˼ɨһС̫࣬ʾͷŵĴվվҪ˵仰
Ԫ˿ڲ裺ˣŮʺϻ
ִблʹͣŮ˵úܡ
ȷʵ˵úܣһϻӽ֪ôúá
ӵǵȻذС˵ˣŲţʲôǿ
ϸܼ꣬ҲһĶԺȥҲеصˣؾŮˣŮ
ǰЩ̴ףõػķ࣬մǻԭʮۼ۾򵽣ּҾǻһ˶ĶϺõˮ
ȵս³Ԫۻδв䣬ȼ⸳˰Ϣðɸͻԭʹػߡ
һȣ׼ҲˣڵȲ
һʮ㣬һϻСеʮĶ
Ҫ˼ܶһЩ
Լ⣬Ǯأּҵׯˡ
ԪڶУּҲԹԵ˼Ϊ⣬ȷǱĴּҲԹ
²յ˿ִеĺӣӿǳˣ
ִкٺһЦû룬ҹŮһҼƽˣ˵ͿˡȱڼƽɲˣֻҪûЦ
Ԫ۲Ÿ˿ڲ裬⻰ЦִôçôôŮ
ͬŮ׽
ԭСҲͬ׽ǼŮġֻǹﳤˣˡ
˵˼л̸£Ԫ˵£ִб˳⡣
Ÿûܭں׷ִˡ
ִٹֱҲ֪ԽǻʵߵˣԽܵʱͣ½ŲϹǱ½һȥ
ܭЦ֣ǣִͬ˵仰
ִв֪ܭҪ˵ʲôͦܭģܭԵ̫࣬ǸŴһͬϷġ
ҲҲɱС
ǴֻҪɵúãǾб¡
Ϲ˵
ܭ΢΢ף˾һۣ֪˶۸Σִ佫ûƲǸ̫ࡣ
žִвȴҲ
΢ЦŶִеִÿл䣬ܻɿһ󡣡
Ե䣬ѾˣܭִվǶһ˫ۣ֪ûסܭֵæЦʵѵãִϵؾ
ִףϹ˼¶ҳ
ôһͣ䣬ִۡ
ۼӢ£΢΢һ١ֻһڣȻҪǰк߻վܭ
ܭþԪΣ̫£ˡ
ܭ̬һֱҲû˭
ûִдкִȴ۴кɣҲϵ£
ִˡֻǰкʱʶܭɫǱ¸ǰĴ̫࣬Ҳܭͷʩ
װʶܭܭȴϵóۣЦôִ˾̽ôʵ˸Ҳ򲻵һˡ
ִһͷ졣
˵֣ûˡִҲ˵ҸŮ£ˡ
ʹɫȻܭ棬ʲôɫܲ
Ȼˣɴ󷽳ϣִڴȶʶ
һ˵ȶ£˶֪Ǹȥ˵Ƶĵط
ܭ˵ͷҾͲ߶ִ˰ˡתصȥ⿴۵Ŀɨִŵĺɰϡ
ֻһ˲̽治ɫǰȥ
ܭȴһ٣ҲִеĺɰϿһͿŵɰȻֻа廨س
ܭʲôֳִеͷصȥ
ӢٷС̫ഫ٣Ž
ԪòڣֻֽᷭҳţβԪ۵дģ
ǡ
֪ԪʵʲôҲϵ˱»ᴫ
ǷϣӦμ֡
֪֮֮ƣ֮ƣ֪֮Ԫ˵˾ϵԣӵĻ
裬ֻӹӼ಩ʿĽǶȥдδվڸߴȥдҸѡ˲ţдӼѧμѧ
ÿһ䶼ϺĹְݡ
һ͵Ԫ۵İǰĻдģҳ˭дġ
ܭڵ⿴ۣһ۾ϳҲ֪Ǹʲô
зϸ򣿡ȻҪͼôѡˣѡˣοָ֮Ρ
óʵеİ취
ʱѾУʱȡݸܭϡ
ԪȿݣһдúϸǿУҲеİ취ٿīīǾɵģѾдһʱա
Ǻʱдͣ

Ԫ۸λɵ۵̽ɣȷʵ̽ͷۣ취ȥա
Ҳϵ²ֻһҾ֮ġ
л¡˵⡣
˳⣬Ԫۻַ裬ִͷβһ顣
һ̨壬ȽϽһϻҲûС
ʵᣬӣЩ˼ûˣھδȥͷʱһ̫ӵô뷽跨뽫ھǵġ
ھǲȥأȻҲ˱ƲʵȨ
˵ΣԪܭ
ܭֻҪΪЧ֮ܰʵµģǺóӡ
Ԫֿһۣⷨӵȷʵܽ˵ȼü֮ͷ˺úöš
ǡ
۳ӢձҲعӼˣȥ̽ĸס
սͼҲڡ
Ĵһֱѧ飬ôȡ
ֵ縸Т£ҲһϱӻΪ֮ΪޣӺױƽ˳ȥ
۸ôˣ֣

۵һͷĸףĸ׸ڿʲô
һ򣬿һۣڿּҹ͸ӡһ˵һ澯㿴˶һۡ
ϻصװ뿴ҲˣϾѣƼ
ؿŮһ͵Сܸ
ҲջУĸֳ񣬶ٵһ١
ѵǣգ
ٿϹҵĺɰֻ˰߻ӣϱû͹߸ʵΪ߲ãô͸
ɰֻ˰ߣҲֻ߰գ
Сǰ裬ͼִյǵüЦ
˵⣬Сѩôô죿
С棺ˡ
ȴ룬ֲð¶ӻЦΪá


51 ͣ
Ȣ

һЦ, ˾ͼС˳ȥ
ӣСЦԹʮ, Ϸһܻǵ졣ôƫƫ˲죿
ֿ˿, ƣƫƫƼϡʲôƵ, ۸ֻѰ
֪ĸֳл˵, , ˳ȥҪȥѧܼҡ
ȥաһͷ, úѧѧ
巿ܼҺòãͷѩ
̹ܼ, ˵һͬʵģʵǸƫķ巿
ֻȻѧҵѹķ巿Ĺһͷ, ڹܼҵ, 㲻ٳͷ
Ҳϲͷ¶̫̫عѧΣŮѧܼѧΡ
Ůھп˵Ϻ£˴ҵ, Ҳ̫̫ҵ⡣
̫̫ҵŮ, ͷûźõģס
һҽͬһҶɣ游زͷôͬ
, ҲԸ, ˵ÿȥѧܼ, ʵųԳԲ裬Щϻѡ
Ҫǳȥ˵űߣֳĸףּҹｻô
鲽һ٣ֳѧҵҲ壬ɴûʹļҵĹｻá
һۣõúܣ˺üˡ
ҪǰѾҵ£˶ҪɣǱĵġּҾ׾ܵøɸɾֻϲ
˵бһۣôôðϲٿ㣬ȢɣҪĸðаæ
ĪĸбۣҲ֪ĸڲЩʲô
ձټҡ
游֪ˣһ˵£Ҳбۿӣ֮ɫȥ֮ǰʹ游
δ游˯
Ϊ٣Ƕ游⡣
ȹ游ˣ뿪Ժ
ʣ߹ֹͻκ¶Ͳ߹۸ˣ
֪ôţϢˣҲһۡ
ڹӼּ࣬šҪ밢ҿһһ棬֪ʲô
ֱҡͷҲǵˣͿŹ۸ż
Щ¶˻ΪҽŵⱲûô£
Ҳǡ
ҪôͲϣҪôϹϡ˸ؿڣԭûôӣôһ۾봷ء
۴ţеǰ
ʱڣǰء
ģǰҶ֦Ũ͸ҶʯϽ̵ء
游һɰã
ڣ游˯ѣЪҡӵۣˣ
ˡ
Ƿ͵ǰ֮ǰѾȸ游
񣬵Ҳ˶еĴǵϵñһʣ֪дⶫ˭
ִҪȥӼ࣬Ϊľǽա˼µӣսתŹǰ⣬Ȩ͵࣬ĲǱ塣
ǡ
Ŀӣÿÿ⣬֪̾գЩ˲
Ȱɻ̫ӵľɵۣ뾩ͷΪ޺ζҪھС
ƫƫɵԥ½ھУ޷˳ǻͷճΪв
ҡڲʧ֡
뾩ͷһգʵӮѾ˶ۡ
ҲǴʱı·û뵽Ļô죬ȫʰɾ
дüã˵б˼¡
۽ӿڣ´ʱֻңҡ
ʱڣ²ʵ¡
ԭֻԼѾżӰź£û뵽ܳŹҲû뵽֣һһѾıˡ
˳ɼµżҲطǵּҡ
˵꣬ͼ磬Ǵû
һʱһʱд趼ҳȥȴû뵽ķŻ˵ãͣȻԼճʱҪˡ
û뵽ϣͿ
Ժ·ΪδӦ¡
۴δҪȢһȢͣȢʲôֱ𣿴ʱ游Լüͷ
ĵ׾ò̸˼侫㲻ã֣ͷ£жԲߣǾϸȥ졣ҪʱҲǲܶģûôѡ
游˵
Ǹ٣ҲǸƶ١˵ָݣ˵ƶָٺ»
μһΪϿδĶϿڼ֮λҲ˵ڱ޲ѧϽ
Ŀָһָ
߹ȥϵĳ룬ͷóҳֽһɨͼд̰۵¡
ǮۿĿһʱȻÿÿղ֣֡
ôƲ֣
ҡͷٳɶĵȻסֻû뵽μƻôСĵط֣֣ÿ̰١
ǴӣûΪǮչɲһ
Ӽڲǧˣʵˣʡ
ʵǧŰˣ̽׵ģģȢ޵ġ̽׼££Ǽٶʮ߸¡
ٵĵӶҪ͵ưǰμҪ١
һ׹μƸ£Ǵӵ䱡ةˡֻҪÿ鱨ͷһ̰ϼ˵ĽǮ±С
˻ǵ̫Сһ㣬ʮա
ǾǶʮ
ⲻǳԿã
ڻʱ¡
Сģÿ̰Ҳ٣Ϊ֪
ҪڼƵλϴһӣ֮εļҲȥͱơ
ɿӵ˼ĽҪ׼ģǾѽĥ÷Щ
Сȴ졣
񻹲֪ԼѧҪ׹ҪΪǿ
ĬȻȷʵϱڼ֮λ֮󣬱»ʹ͹ļҾ졣̰һ£ûͱ
ǼεļƼӶ䲾˶ػȫǡ֡
ֻЩ£游֪Ϊδδ˵
ĵЩҶ֮ʱϣ󲮻ǣٽ
ԭ游ҲһСᣬҵı
ϱӣΪʲôûеϡ
û۵ϣҲû󲮵У游ȥ󣬱ϼС۰㲨η
ӱߵģǴ󲮶游ȥʱǻΡ
ֵֻˣ䲻ھǣĸﶼڡ
ǡ˽ӡµʫ˭
¾ģմűĴֻҪĶӲ˭Ҳûô
û뵽ϱӼµҩ游ҿô¡
۽ҳֽУ֪ˡ
˵鷿űߣͣ½Ų룬游˵ȢŮӣֻȢŮ
ֵüΪΣּŮʲôڳ˴
еķԷʹĵĶˣҲ浱Ϲӡ
رּҵϢġ
큸Ůʶ֣ʹˡ
ͷףҲʶʫ鲻ʲô¡Ҫҽף׵Ĺﲻʶ֣ǾͲˡ
ԭּŮھԣҲˣ񴫵ؾ֪ĲҪӻһѡ
ɽˮѾӵͷȥȢŮ
۱΢򣬳Ƭ̣Ǵ룬ҪҪ游һĴ𰸡
游ģȻǱжôּңٹִ˱ᱻȥɽƹһص
ʱƥǼ̫ĵط
˵Щ
˼ȥۻ˵ʵ룬˵
Ķͬ꣬ʶԱ
ĿգʵͬΪͺľʲͬҲ䱦
죬޶¡
Ϊ죬ӼۣôּŮ
ǡ
涨ף˵
ѾһµڶΣ塣
Ŀӡ
ۿӲ˿֮⣬΢һף˫ۣ֪ˡ


52 
Ȣ

ۻصɽ, ¶ϲ⣬һѮӶˣû뵽ջؼ
ʱ̣ЩѧԵúòãԤˣ
Եĵ, ޳Դ, ԭԹӼöרٷ, Ӹˡ
䲻, Ҳû⡣½, ䷹, ﲻûԲ˼֡
̱Ͽա
¶ɿ˸˵ӣ, 㣬ôȣͳԺҶա
˿磬ϺԲ, Ҫ, Ȳ˱ˡ
˾ུѬѼ˿óʵĢަѿľˮϺ裬ԡ
˵ǳ, ҲʮӵĲˡ
ҲǹԭԵ, ¶һ굥ӣʱȥ졣
ۻصɽ˶Ѿˡ
ȴû£һʣĸûȥԷ²Żؼһ, ĸ׶÷, ôû
¶Ҳֻڰڷʱܽӵ, Ц˵Ǳ߹˵˵͵£㲻йȥˡ
߹ͣȻŮͣù
¶ȥҪˣ˵߹￪ӣҪ뽿óʱʺóԵȥ
Ҫͣͷһת뵽ʱĸڿ᲻
¶֪˭ʣ֪ȫ˵ˣɲ˺Щء
ļ£
¶Ļʵôϸ߹ͬҲ̫׽ģ˵а˱ѼӰ˱Բӣܽ⡭
Ҳ֪˭ȫˣļҹô⣿
ʱʵĶֻǺˣҪãñȹˮԡ
һ˱Ѽӣ̣ʱ⡣
ʰ¶˴Ǯӣ
գ¶ԽԽùŹ֣ôЩˣ
һӵӵ񣬱򷢾ԺȥǲּҹҪ
ҵԺСѾͷСѾͷ˵ּҹҪǹѾԤ˺Щˡ
ҪɻأʳþȫҪմߣ˷нһ״պɻĴ
ݱ׽ÿնȥԺг￴ɻûУ˵ǹҪɻøǹͷСκȤ
ּ̣֪ҹҪʱܻˮ̨ǰ
һӾ͵˵ͷ
Юަ˿࣬²ŵͣͷЩõĺˮƣ͵ȥ
¶Ȼ
Ӷ߹ֻѰҪ˵ðգǵҲûС
Ͼ˲꣬ӱ߹꣬ʶֶʱ߹Ÿս
ٴЩӱ㱻ӵ̫үȥ̫үԽ̵飬˹Ӽ࣬͸ٻ
ֻöˣȣô˵߹ͣӵҪ
ԺǮԺķֿȡ֧һ㶼ʣãʣ͵ð¶ȥ͡
¶ҪӦ̣
̴۵ʮգҲˣ齻ٲˣǮԼá
ĿͣܲûǮ
ڸ߹˽Ǯ¶ЩΪѣ¶Ҫ֪ˣ᲻᲻ˣ
¶ʹӣӦ֮ȡÿδ׸ʮӣ
ǹгıԼ֧ȡ
Ʃүδˣһֵĸļױ࣬õˮ̶˴ޡ
˿ּ򵥣үǮȺãķ巿Ҫʵöࡣ
иÿʮвѥ֮ҲзԭТûʲôΪˣ˰ٲʮӽá
ÿʮиӣֺĴš
СұТš
˶ֱȺãʯŶ棬һŲϲǮġ
¶ȥԺķУԽУŲԽһգԺȥ
ѰͷСгСˣֻ͵ĵģӼˣôУ
ò׻ؼ¶ڸǰ̺ţôпԺܡ
Ӳȣ߹Щӣϻ˵ӵѾˣҸߣȻҹá
߹ӡ
Сˣ߷һģװ˳һʣôͻȻ߹ӣ
˵߹Ҫͣ˵߹ҲˣⲻʮӲġ
仰Ŀ˵ˡ
¶˵⻰ʱһ˫۾ЦӯӯģȴС۾һգգ´С顣
ȻͼС΢̣˵еȥգҰѶԤãá
˵Ťȥˡ
Ű¶˵Ӳ߹ʮӡ
һ֪Ϊʲô
ЦﻹҲǣԭТ磬׳Тǹ۰á
ˣ˷˸ۣҪֻ뿴°Ρ
û뵽ӼȰǮȥ
Ŷܻ˵ģֻܻģ
ʲôӣǸۣ֪ˣȥա
¶ѻݵ˸ǰ߹Ժȥ
СѾͷԶԶǰ¶ˣϽȥ¡
ӭ¶ôˣһ˵һѰ¶ӭƫȥ
ҾͲˣӲ߹Ͷûȥ̺÷˵ͰСϻһţǹ˵ˣ߹ҲˣʮǸġ
½ӹϻ˶סģҲҲûйѽ
¶ߣһסҵȵȣϴͷأ¶ñ֪ųɡ
¶ֻµ˵ȣ̧ˮŽȥ
ɢͷһɴϴ裬ѩȾ֬԰¶ףлֳֳҶṼⷬ⡣
¶߹⻰صЩŹ֣һʱ벻ö˴ʲôԣһͻȻǮһ˵
ЦӦǡǮ˳ȥˡ
һݱױɴۡ
ͰУ¶⻰Ҳһ̶΢΢һЦ
Ǹģŷĸֹõġ
ð¶ػ߸ˣ⡱
Ȱ¶Ժţݱײŵ⡭ԭûй
ҲͷشͣǰǸСסأǻ˵ˣһ붼û
黹ֻǲ²⣬Сϻʲô׵ġ
ٸȥһϯˣãôҲһĺò
µٸּҹﱸЩϺˮơ
³ŻûȥǮԣָҪĲȵģҪһ̵ģһġ
̵ҪҰ˿ѣҪˮ⡣ҪСϵ񻨵Ѷʢϣһӡ
ʳҪá
ʵѾ˶ӣרͷʦһϻɻӵ
ﶨǳԵģͷġ
һȫԸã²뿪
һ·һ·룬һҪĵģͶԵǾͰӷˡ
ԤͣԤҪȥ͡
ʮüûţͷѦΣһѧֶ鶼ùŶһ٣档
ȥʲôأ
룺ϻ˵߹ߵѾͷһݱףһ£
šӵͷ
ҸѾͷʲô֣ž֪ϲЩʲô
ݱ¶ɫ߹ǰˡ
Իһϲͨ۰Ͱݣ⡣
ݱôţʧЦ߹ǰ֮ˣضȫˣǵҲ棬Щģõϵġ
ѰɫѰֽãǻõš
氢Σϻ͸һָݶѧ˴ӡ
Ҫ˼Ҽͣ͵ôЩЩ
ǸʯĽָ͸椣͸顣͵ģܲ͵ģ͸ա
ҵȫóҪúѡһѡ
֪ȫóȻ޺齣ϲͷ䣬Ҳֻڷ׺һôһ̾ҿ渻
ģɲǸ
Ѿ߶죬ֻӴͷɲöˣ
ȥ͵߱˳
㸻ǸˣҲܵɢӰգӳôصĽӣǶ౦ʯֵʮĶأ
ֿǹˣе
ڴ֮ǰɴûýⶫҪǴϣίʵ̫ġ
ְŻȥѡһԵˮִ
⴮ִûǰأȴǰʺϵģҰ͸
˵갢ʣ˭ȥң
ӵȻȥرʶһθ󣬿ǿǶôķʡÿسŶٴ˼
ݶҧסһ
ݵǶŹˣýȥաݸȥչ㣬ݶȥ硣
ôźˣ˭Ҳûͬٿ٣ҲóһѴǮʹСѾͷȥͷ˼ҹ͡
֪ҴãȻҪ룬˵ˣʱϯ
ҹӾ϶˼ͷıѩԲӡڶϣڸϴˮʱŪͭ裬۵һ˽š
޷ݶһۣ̾˿Ǿͣȥ


53 
Ȣ

һ, ̱Ԥ˳ֻȹϴ÷֮ͻعӼȥ
ʱҪýŸîʱ, ʱײϳԱǵĳʱ, ƴȥӼࡣ
䷳˶ӣ׻, û, ó౸ЩС˴Ӽȥ
һվͰ, ԤЩ
ѧﵽ׳Եò, ƣⶼТ, һⶼû
Ըˣȴ˭֪ǰ˼Ķأ
óõ̳ٰƽհԵ˫ʯ, ⶡһһװϡ
˺ü̳, ͵ϡ
̣ǩ϶дˣ˾ͼãóʤһˡ
³ʤÿնܳȥ湫Ӱ¶ҲֻΪԼĶӸŹӾȥѧȵġ
»ó, ϺͰաϻشߵ, ۿٷžҪŻˣһˣָѧǡ
ӳѧǣԵ޲ڡ
װ공, صԺʱͷǺ, Ҳȵ̫, һӻ÷ɢͷû
ƽ﹫÷Ҳ˹ģ̾ǾŽձѰϼ֣
һ룬׹Ӳŵ㣬ſһּҹգ
˼ǱѾɾӽŵֿȥˣţ˵ԵģƼּҵϽܻŶ
ڸʱӷԸ߽ţ죬Ҳûл
ŤͷȥԶԶּҵŻţһʣСҪĳʳأ

ܻɽʱѾһɫļɴӣִˮīӣԤҪˡ
ӣѾűߵˡֱ̱˵ֹ쵽ſˡ
۹ʱḮȥۿߵˣŲ
ƼСſڡ
ñɴס߸ѾߣǸҲñСǸͷ˸
սһﶼԺǽڳʣôûԵ˼ң
Цˣһ붼ҵլӡ
δǰԶԶͼˣ˶ϵɱʷ״ÿ϶кü춷
ˣݱǽʿˣ춷ʿ˽춷ǰммǣ֪˼λ˼λʿ
ǰûˣûЩ˶ǣ򲻸ͷ˵Լҡ
ųզ࣬ұĻҪöࡣ
˳СѾˣֹˣ룬̫̫һϾ͵ˡ
߽۰ȵɴӶһ翴ðǰһ塣
Ҳ֪ΪͻȻʱ˴ź죬ĿӣӸһñȸ˻ҪΡ
һ·Ӷƣһ۾;۾ۡ
ʱһɫüĿһľˬĿ̲סͶ࿴ۡ
ϸϸƷֻ°ͼ⣬򥷽üϸ䣬üŨ塭
ݷŰĸ첲һʱĿջء
ȴʩ񣺡ֹδˡ
ԶԶͼ˫հз죬ǣһɳ
ɡǵϻؽôģ˫üһ䣬Цʺã㲻ڹӼô
ֻ۱ֻۣСѾͷȥˡ
ձ´٣ĸףٻعӼࡣ
Զڽ˿ûˣ˵䱾ñģһ䣺ջӢǰˡ
һ˶۹۱Ǳǹģ̻͵˹һִۣˣв
˶ùȻңֻаûֱ
ҵˣ
ǡ˫۾ȴ˵Ҫ˵Щʲôã̸ʲôЩ
ʵڲĿ۸ѳζǵӣ춼ﲻһֲ˼ҹﲻϲ
ȣ˹ﻹء
ÿ벽ðȥͷȥˣٻᡣ
ٻᡣٻᣬֲ֪ǲҪٵ¡
ۿ˹ȥֳЩϱߣԼߵģվ߷·Ҳ
ߣʮ꣬ǲˡ
һ
̳ɫҪҪߡ˸ɫҪߡ
˶Ҵߣһשطһ̧ͷԺɰء
Ƭ̻񣬾ԼվסŷһΣǿʲôأ
̵ϰҡ
أȸܡ
üһɨף󲽳ȥ
ں̺ʮˣֻҪּҹ£Ӿͻöࡣ˿˿
ֶ˷ɵ
ųһ·߽ҡ
ԭҵѾܴˣûҵԺӻô
ûǸãЦһ··̫ү̫̫Ժӡǣ
ֻһ·ߣҪһȦߵڣ
ȹţƹ¶ţߵ˵
Сѩڷ⣬һǹ˴ţͷּҹﵽˡ

ʱӭһЦվű𶯣߹
һ̣վŲ½ס
𶯵ġҪɹô졣
һ֣ڴտ񣺡졣⼸·Ѿȵöߺˡ
߽Ϸ˿ֲء
˿ղʴף˼ˮɻҶ»㣬űˮ
һƣ䴦Ŵ衣
ôıôӣöӣ
Ȼ˰ա˴żҳͣ⴩ѣٻɴ
СѾ˳˱÷ӷϣͷûĸ˱顣
룬ͷһڣŸ÷ζһ׶ǰ͸͸ģֲ
֪ʲôȻݡ
ȼȥ˵
һߺȱ÷һлˣһҲܺ˯ҲܳԵ·Ҫл˾ټҽš
ҽأҩԣʳķֻһ
˵Ķ⣬ÿһ绹ݸţ׸ȣȳҲࡣ
Цˣôҷˣ˵˽вĸ
ĸСֳϲģ椵ͽвĸҲһĸѰˡ
Ҩ˿͵š
ڼҶʲôˣ¼á
׾ٳţԭķҲٵţ⼸ԽԽ塣
ƫƫӺŮҲǰӣϷѰЦ٣˵ƵģЦݱ
šҶдֶĺɰأҵһӡ
ԭһڣשϸվסˣһ
֪䣬֪ʺԭѰ幫ߣ幫Ǻġ
ûṦŮӣʧܲСˣױ޹ա
ҪôӺõĺܡ
һ뵽ӺãְѶһء
ֱ˵ȥգС˵˵
ô˻ˣĸһ
˳һۣȥգú棬ҪʲôѾͷһ
һϷţѷƼĸˣûƼأǶﲻһ仰Ҷơ
Ц̾Դѧ˵𣬿ûйգ
˵˻˵ǻÿշ˶ο۸ǹ١
Ȼһھ䣬ʲôԴû˵ģ
ɲǣ̾Ϣôá
ǵȵҲˣýһ˰գѡ£Ҳȥˣʱгûٵ˼
ӼϣϸҲȷʵס
ܿһ˰գҴֺãҲ밢ƹΡ
ҪԸĥҿ
Ҳãһᣬּ֪ǻš
ϷͷһɣҲǺĸסСĸѵйĸǰǲҷɡ
˵һ䣬Ҳһ
Ψһһ밢档
ԺŽżɽʯ٣ٴ˿٣֮
ѾһӾϸ㡣
¾ʣղǸ÷úȣҼĲһǼʲô
һ̣ҪЦס֦ģʴ˷ζͬ
ΪҪ˵ˣ˭֪һ䣺ڴſˡ
ӻһŶҪʸˣһ仰Ҳͬ˵
ϸˣûÿһ
˰Σûһ䣬ٿʱȡɰ㿴ҵҴء
鴽һ򣺡ãҸ㻻һ
ôˣҵıֱ֯Ůġ
죬ȵǸģġ׵Ƶĺɰ˽Ҫ
˵꿴Ű֪᲻
ԺдСС˸Ѿݸڰ̺ݶվܵȥһֱͷע⡣
ݱȷҲƲԺСѾһҲһյա
ݶӹӱ˼ĳһأݶơ
Ŀһλ㡭Щ죿
ݶĿڅֱгкֲࡣ
һڷϣӦҲС
ȴѾϳԭĹߵģǲǣ


54 ȸ׽
Ȣ

벻ݶ, ģҲ˺Щ̬ԭһģһ
޲ҪͷؿڣƵ, ڽ, ҲҪһڡ
ϻҸ㵹Ĳ衣ҲСѾͷ, ߹Ժĩȵ, ȸ, ÿչ˸ŹǹСѾͷ
Ҳ˲Żǵݶ
ݶһ, ͳֻһΣǻĹߵĴѾ߱Ѱ, û뵽ᱻϳ
л㡣
ȥץ˰ݶô͵ּҹˣҵļλô
˼ңǴ󷿵, ĹܰǶ, ݶĵѾߡ
ͬ߹ｻõһλҲǲҪӶ׵λ
˵߹ԺСѾͷǾû˲ϲ
ִ󷽣ʱʹ, ϻʱʱЦ, ܲҲӲ
һﶼ˵빫䣬, ߹ĸ
ĹЩ̺, Ͳ¶ЩСѾͷ, һȺСȸӹҪ׻Ҫ꣬Ǽġ
ʱ˼Ҷͬҽ׵˼Ѿ˽»²⣬˭ң
ԸҲȷʵֻǻδ£ʵ۾ͻˣҲ˻
ݶͷ뵽Լò֪ס
ҲޣϽװȥԺн䣺ɲܿޣĹ㲻ô
áݶ²õɴϣǹҼá
žƼˣǹɴ߹ղŵƥµģûأּҵѾͷˣֹ
ҹȻһӱլԺΧǵѾͷȫ̫̫ǡ
Ҳ֪ǲǽ˽̷˾
ݶ뵽ҪᣬǾҪֵطЦɣ
ǹҲ˺һء
ֻǻ̫ү͹Ӷȫҵ˼ͷ߹ǲҲ£ҽҩʮղ
ѹ˵
һƣˣŴյݶߣ˵Ǽʹ˺ôһӣҵ̫̫û̷˾
߹ʹǮġ
̷˾Ǳû빬ΪūǷѫΪˡ
ݶ˫ֺʲĳ𣺡ӷûй䵽ĵؽͷȥ
ݶıҲ̫ģѽּܱ£ָĸٵļֻҪŹ߶˵׼ˡ
ݶһʱᣬ⻰ҲȰҲôȰ
ллл㿪ҡ˾ҵϢ֪Ǻô·ࡣ
ˣȰȻҹã͸ЩҪ컯ãǹſܹԲ
⻰ԣˣãҲùſܰ
ݶ⣬ӽҪ̺ҲҪѧӽúǮõǮ
ʱվȥˣҪǽңҵڡ
͵£°룬ּҹˣǵý¶ݱ׽㡣
סԼǸɰóʵ߰Ϊ
˭֪ӹôãΪʲô˼ó
ΪΪãѾĶ棬ʱдӣݵ档
Ϊ
Ҫ˵ǣͼѾɺɰĶװºɰϡµľɵģˡ
üǳЦ㳢衣
ϲ裬һˮټ¶һ㡣
ȻϲڼҺȵ򻨲Ҫá
ۣ֦ӶܼӽСԼֻģֹ˰ͷ
ˣǰͬѣҲ
򰢱ǸɰԼģһ˿ƽϣз¿ʯͷֺһ裬۽üϲ⡣
Ȱӣȥ԰дڷ
һûء
ͷѾʶҶô󣬿ƼƬСۡһ
ߵǰ֪ɴӣиͷϵٽ贬Ρ
ȥָָһߣ극źȥ
аСѾͷһһϲˡ
ذ˳Ե˱Ѽӣֳʮʲˣ֦ܽ⾹Ȱ˱Ѽӻóԡ
ϲʳ⣬һСڲСС̵ùˮţӳ˳ƿѸǶﻹ
˿ĭôֻôһ鰡ⲻ׷԰ô
˱ģʿʱһζʿӣе֭
ʱٺһζ
һǶϸ
ԭԼԲʮҲԱˣͼĲٶǷһžͳȥϸȴҨų
ԣҲһ
Ƕϣôű⻹óԣ
Ƴһݣݻ᲻
̲סˣ飺ƽڼҳԷôô
ѾԲ£θںõúܣţӳԶѡ
ҡҡͷҲǣѰǷˣԴԼȥӣרΪϯҸ硭
ôûļҹǰԼĸ硣
Ǳ˻򰵣Ÿʵģƫƫ˰죬Ǿ䡰ûÿ⣬һҲᡣ
ΪˣѾ˵⣬ȻҪһǷ顣
ôʡ
Ҹ֪ҪͣⲹӸңҰϯд㡣˵䣬˫շɺ졣
ֻԼҹ绹ͦ󷽵ģҲãи
統ģҪǿöˡ
üĿһҲɫһ͡
˵˵ˣöû
˵һ䣬ļޣٶ˵ˡ
ڴ÷ļɽͤķ巿ĹҲ԰һָŴ룺ǾŮͰգ
ֱӣôϯ£ķ巿Ů˵ˣЩ졣
ɲԣĶ䲻٣ûж强Ǯ
һ죬ְӴϣͻȻóôǮͣҶЩ档
˭ǡδɩգ
ķӵǼҹӯ˸ͷ巿ĵŮʲôͣҲȥ԰ȥ
游ӺõöˣͷҲٲľԱģ¶аա
巿Ůüͷһ֪ӯãԼȥȴôͷ
ͣȥʲô֣һƼǺأǲǺã
һҲеӯȴ˵ǲԶֻҪǰڷʱȥʲôģ
ҲȷûˣТн£ĸ׾֣ҪƤ
㣺ǾͿһۣһۺòãҡӡ
޷֪ԼȥҲ͵͵ȥԼȥſӯһۣ¶øߵĸ
ҲżѾͷڼɽϰ²㣬װɽͤгȴվڸߴĿ̽뾿ʲôˡ
ͼһˮƵͽȥ
ǵŮĽҪö࣬Ҳûôġ̲סȣ˵ûӣ߽ʲôʱôˡ
ӯﲻʱСȷ磬Ŵ뿴ȥ
Ǹĵù˸ˣһҵģ
巿żңϵһ֪ûһСѾͷ˵ּ̫ҵĹ
Ǹʶֵ큸Ůڶ
ãԣǺסճãӯ΢΢һЦӯĪҪ棬пġ
ӯô˵죬һôˣֵһ
ʱȴЦӯԲģûСء
Ǵ큸Ůӯб㰵˿ҲƸĸƸʶֵŮ
Ҳ֪Լʧˣ۽㣬ͷôֲ˵ġ
ӯʧ£ֻǴ˴ȷʵ죬Ҳҡˣĳ
ȴƫƫʱƼʯһ˵Ӱǲǡа¶Ѿͷ
һۣ΢ЦôԶӯҲϵó緿Ҳ̫Щ
ӯסڣ˼Ҳһ䣺Ҳϲ棬֪ǲǡ
¶̧ͷƼ˼λȿˣ㲻ܲ񣬼Ͻף˹ãǹá
ǰ¶Цӯ㷽һ۾ϳˣ԰Ӹʲô
һعԺȡȥ䵥סɽڣ԰лԺӵģ¶ô˵Ҳ
ӯȴ֪¶Ҳġ͡ġ
ӯ֪¶¶ҲӯĿֱ𿪡
ס¶ʣ֪֪߽ĶôӰϯ
ǹ˵߹ҪͣҸȥ¶ؾشⱾǹ۰ãǼ¡
ӯҡӵһ٣ּŮ
ΪּŮǸ˶Ӱϯ棬ǼһܾͶûôʢ
Ǽ˻˵ǵϸǵüֻҰͷζġ
¶ˣĵȻôּң
˹ﻰ䣬ӯ¶Ŀⶼ뿴ȥ
дЦ
ڸ˵İɰɰҲֻа¶ͷûİҪ¶Ҳֻɰ


55 Ӹ¡
Ȣ

ð, õǰĸ˵ҪһԪµĲʩˣ
˹˿Ž㣺ˣô죿ûУҿһա
ֻ, ˵Ѿд, Խһ
طȥϸ˵˵Щ¡
˹뿴큸ŮʲôģƤ, ǸŽȥˡߵʱЦжӯǽûȥ, ӯҪ, ЪЪ
ֱû, ӯʱվҲˣҸĸĨûء
Ҷɢ, е¶űߣӴдЦ
ӯһķȥһۣͬСͱţ, ֲͬ
ˣôˣ
ôˣѽָָķ, ʲô⣬㲻գ
ʲô⣿
̫ʵ޷ֻôյ, Ĳĸ˺üµ¸á
֪ѽ, Ĳĸ˵ţкõģٸĸô
˵ŻӯĲĸǸõġ
ʱ, , Ҳ֪ܣӯ㶼ʮ, ֲﻹأɡĲĸⲻǺ
˵Сסⶼסˡ
Ļ£ǵ游ͷҪ˼αػҽ
õԴ㻹иӵġ
ĲĸΪʲôҪӯ㣿治ף׵Ůͽȥôˮͷ
Żôˣʱһָͷѽѧһܼˣ⻹ǸķǮ
úܿ졣
Ҫʱʱ߶˵ʲôö䵽ȥˣ˵󷿶󷽡ĸĸͻݡ
ʲôˮׯȫֵĹŶֻżΪܵϲҲһ
ǮǼʲôţ
õÿĸڸ࿴ǼĶӣģ޽˿ڶ˼ң˺ðѼױͿˡ
ҡҡӣ죬ǽ˽û
ϻǼˣµģͷϵȴֻиͷĶǣŶǮ֪ǼǸʲôˡ
ǼˣҲ֪
߶߶˵ظôףҪǸ磬Լ˻ʲôʲôɴȫ׼ȥա
Ҳֻڱ߶߶գĲĸӣһûסҲӡ
£˶꣬ѹһͷ
ȴӵ˼ңŮĸ׹⡰衱
ӯ㶢硭ΪǮ
Ʋġ
һͷ֪ˣɲͷ󣬳ʲôӡ
ͷ룬ӯȷʵúģ㶼ǿҪ߽һأҲֵǰա
ͷǽ£ɱ
ҲʲôãѾˡػ԰ӵģ߼еģĸɵˣʲô֪ġ
˹Ȼ֪ˣŮȥݺѵһ٣ڷвš˵һͨ£ʱСѾңѰͷǽߣǼҵĶҲˡ
ѵǼۿŮʮ꣬ߣ
ŮӦȥ
Ťͷ˵̫̫ûأǸ롣
Ǯ˭ȣ
ǰͷλļױ˴󷿶˽ÿжٳϢǵ
ԭܽեһեͣǡ¶Ѹˣ˭еȥĿڴ
һԪڲʩӣ
˳̾˿ɩǸġ˵һ䣬ҲǮܺ
ҲǵķΣҪкʵģ̫̫Ҳʹˡ
ǸϽģּҰգ˿ϵĿֱͷʹķԼȥ
ʱЩ𴫳ȥ
ҪּǾ͵̫үûˣһ̫̫ӡ˵ּҵĻ̫ү
Ҳ߶ˡﻹŷּң˼ҾƵģܹ˽ˡ
ŮɢˣڴС
˷˼ƣãѾڴҵϣѰ
˻סʣҶ治ΪҸ磿
ȻˡҲȵպͨͨ죬û
磬㡣鲻ţ룬յߣҸ㣬ɲܸ߱ˣ
һ˫ۣɫɴϣͷ
ͷͷͷϣĶ䣬˵ףûӦ¡
۾Ѿˣģ
ġ
ҸĶأ˶ϲôƫƫϲ
ûȰش˯ˡ
ݰûݱƿһƣͷͷһ§һż磬˯ȥˡ
ݱЦһϱӣ˳
ȵѣѾؼȥˡ
Դ£ͷȴ𵴣类ˣ
·һҪĻôûţ
Ǳ˵ڶ˹ýţּҹۿҪˣһأһ¡
ǹý˵˰׮ýҲټġ
˼ҳǮ¶ͷӦУҾٵһּҵšؿɲ˵ǡСĻˡ
ȴ˾䣺»ء
գý˱ּҵš
ִֵ壬ˣ
ýЦͰͽĸִУˣǳȢģҷ˶˵ˣزӦ»ء


56 
Ȣ

ý֮ǰ, ˷ŵӼȥ
ӵ˼ɷٴס
ֻһ仰һ֪ĸʵʲô
һβ, ڶ, ڶɣǲǻеΣһס, , ܻᱻȥġ
ĸͷԲ
۶Ѿ游˵, ʱӱī, ɳ³ʤվͽͻȥ
˽ſֽһ, ʣ۸˵ʲôˣ
˵ʲô˵һĸٲżأǻˣ
ȻӲԣɹýٵּš
ִкڼҴһ죬ɢ, Сܽ˵ý, ʱϵ۴Ьӳ
ǰȺۼںӴ˻ûǰ, Ӱӳű㻣, ˿ĭ
ӣŮʲôŻ㿴ء
ϻû°ɣصøϸǧ˵ִТ, ۿҲ켰, ҪͷҪ࿴ʡ
ԭûТ, ࿴ТԼżһ˴˿ƢԡмϸףǾŮ࿴ͷٽס
ӹִû̽ɣҪǼϽ§ȥ
ƾٳԵڹӼ൱ʿ
˭ִ֪һ֣˵Ҷ֪ˡ
С˴µϼа˰ٶҪϲܻŰãǵûë
ɰ⺢ӣôûأ
Ҳȥһˣܿϣ
ִд֣¶һϸ˼˼˼ǵŮԸⲻԸ⡣
ǼҲҼˣ
ԽӾԽǺ棬ʲôѽ̽ȢأҪǻɣ˵»ء
é®ˡ
ִŮֲܾ϶Ů
ͷףﻹûǾ̱큸Ůʶ֡
񴫵ȫǶ֪ˣ
˰ȥʱ벻Ů
Զ˵ýľһ󣬷Ҫ󵽵£ҪôͼƣҪôͼò
ͼƣǲּܹҵļҵԼĪҲһСָͷ
Ǿͼòˣѹ벻̽ɶѾǰģּҹﻹǸɲɣ
ӷȥڶ˼£һ䶼û¶ȥ
˼ţֻӣ˵һ׮
ЦЦûء
죬˵ɵýӿǾϺŵĹýɵģû棬û˼ҡ
˲ŵý⼸ŮھǸԼ°СԺ
ھôʣĵɲ˵ɵýû˵ɡ
ֻЦһȥ߰СŮӭһ̶ôسûУ
ҡҡͷ֪ȥأּҹ涼ûš
СŮҲ棺²ǸŮ˵ŸҲһýաԸ档
ӿŮһֺۣ˵ˣδ޵Ĺ˵ýġ
СŮƲƲ쵽ϴ߷ȥˣԴ˰СԺ˸ϴ£ճȥæ
ûĻ
˵£Ů˫ԻЩĻˣӳŴѣȥ˵ףûͣ
СŮҡҡͷûУڶ ˣҿҲɡ
Ӻ棬СŮ˿⣬СԵ֭̽Ȣ큸Ů¶ӡ
ۻصӼУվ齫½ԥ
´ҡ
½ԥҲ֪һ⣬Σ
á
ǷǼ֣ɱȴ۽
ϢһӼ۷׷ס
ְʼΧһѧӣǽʷҲ˵ЩЩѧᲩʿ边˼Ƶ֣򱨲ƽ
Ჩʿ̽㲻ڴ˽ѧ̤ʵҵ󣬻ķӣüı·
۵裬ڳ֮ǰѾڿഫˡ
Ӽļǣʮδܰģᱻ˼ࡣ
һοƾ٣ʮΣӿҲ಻˼Ρ˹ӼѧݸصѧǽϿȡʿľš
ǱܲᲩʿĽԣǱһ·ߡ
ƾٲУҲȥ¡µٿַΪȡϵȿɵѡΪ٣еȿټΪµػعӼ顣
һεĻᡣ
Ӽ¹ãܽõݼӢŶˣЩ궼ȡеģҪȻҲʮƿɣҪ˼ѧˡ
ǧֻΪ٣᲻˳ޣ
˽˹½ԥڹӼԲ˵μһƬ壬۵֣Ͳǰ
Ȱѧӣֶġ
㴫ȥˣμǶ㻹ҲҲ
֪˵Ὣ½ңվʹʱ˵á
ؿɲһٶܺõģôҲҳҵĹٸˡ½ԥҡһɡ
Уԣ֮ǰȸɻ۰еѧ½ԥѡõˣȥ㶼
ѡȥҲʲô˶ģҪƽտˣټӿһΣεۺš
濼ǡٿ½ԥ˼ҪҪ͸͸⡣
ۿһۣüͷ壺ЩĿ𲻳Ҳȥ
ǿƾٿʱ˶ٿͷƾٱѾõ̫ࡣ
ԼѧҲܶ
ȻҪѡܰ£µġ
½ԥɨɨĿҲûʲôҪģѵһţôѵûسһˣû뷨Ӽּҹȥ
üԡ
½ԥ۾Ľɾûˣ˸÷ӡ
Ȳ壬ҲĹΣЩˣ
㵱ѲΪǣҪԼ˵׼ּҹﺢӶˣ㻹ûء
֣üŮԵݱ
½ԥǼ֪ƫƫӲʵӡ
ã͵һơԡ½ԥҡӣ˵ųۼۣҼǵԭ䲻Ҳùǰּҹǰ֣
ӼһƬСУǶҪ书ֻһߵ˲ࡣҲֻдҺ
۴һѺҲǲׯε
Ŀԣ۹һ֪ǲξ
Щ۵֢״Щʳأȷʵǰˡ

ǵýȷʵԵģÿ궼Ͻأ֮ȥԡ佫棬Ҳĳѧʿдʫ
ϱʱ顣
ôҲûܴȥԳϿ֡
ˣǻ游ĸز˭Ҳûȥԡ
͸ûйģˣͷйȥһɽˮ
Ҳá
ʱдһţͻؼȥĸ׽װ
һŻһˣֳͷȻ޻˵Сѹӵװ͹ʰȥ
ڼҿ˼˼գݱףͷţû˵ʲô
ݱЦҡͷˣֹﻳͷ˵Щʲôҿûš
룬һ䣬·˵˾䡰̫
类ͷһ⣬һ䣬Цǳ컹ڻǰЦ˳
ڹӼп䣬֪ԡ
˽Եִ̫˵ŮòɣĿʶҲ̽Ȣ


57 
Ȣ

ּŮĿʶ, òɡԵģǺ
һ㵽еֵһžͼͷͷΧ, ̸ʲô, һ뿪Цֵ۶ĿǴ
Ǽ, ȴ˷, ת, ˡ
û, ͱ˳ߣڵϡ
һ̶, еֵն̶ЪһЪ
ĿмһȦ֪ȺСӿ϶££˵գʲô¶ࣿ
ܲô˶Ҫա
˵˻໻˸ɫ, ˵øƵģ
һ, ǴĶĻ
Ǹ̽ɣףǲģ
̸ܶɨ⼸һۣһģҳҶ, ɴҲ𵱽, ȥǱ˾Ѳȥ
ֵܣҲ̫ˣǲģ
վɻ, Ť, תͷ̶, һȾˣлл
ʲź⼸ס㲻ںסôûãǲǸƵģ
ɣЦһƲмͶƵģ⻰Ǵģ
˴ԣеĶ˱пӡȡӼС¼֮зۡ
Щ£ʲôĳС͵ˣȴ͵̫ò÷䡣ĳҹԱţµůͰĳ»֮ҹޣҪ롣
ԽЩ£ԽǴÿ졣
ô˵ס㻹òÿ
бЩһۣÿֲûִˡ
˵ҲŤͷȥǼ˼ֵ죺ÿͼʲôǸˡ
ǲԸ˵ѡ
ĴҺԺҵ뿪׵ǲģ־ʧӡ
ҡĻͶף
Ҳ벻ɻǲýѹ˸ƣڶ ˡ
סųЦⶼڶ ˣǰôû˵СͶôˣ
ЩڣʺǡӦ𣿡
ҡͷҪɿ֪
֪
֪ӦӦ˵꣬ɫЩŹ֣ôû˯ãҪҼҶ㼸ա
ջؼȥûգҾˡ
϶ͨУƫƫϱûϡɩĨᣬһ޸ɷ򣬴ˡ˾ǣɷָͨ
޶Ϊֵôͷ
ʲôĻ˵ˣ϶˵֮ǰţҲƸǮһ㵱Ѹټһء
ɩøҪϵðӴ˶һ٣ٴҲܲºӡ
ʱͷȥǶ졣
칻ô
ܶʮ¡ЦȴѵЩ֪᲻Ӧ
ϻذܵøɴ䣬Щɣûҡ
ӣ˵Ǻϲô
Ӳȥϲ㣬׸ʲô
ϲ㣬ǮãΪʲôҶ˵ˣزɣ»أ
һؼңӾͲҪ˵ҵ¶
ǰ˵䲹䣬ֱޣôûȥɣ
ʣʢ÷Ǹ룬ʲô룿ô͸벻͸˵Ҳ񣬵񶳹֬ࡣ
ݹȻ֪ǰ解ǸҺɫ룬Ҳ觵ġ
ӿϣ˵ʲôˣ˻ˣóԵǵϡ
ϣӲ⣬ٺóԣжóԣ
ݡ
ЦЦʵҲģǷѲϷѹˡҪгҪͷоӣǸ̫ˡҲҪƤһģǸ̫Ӳ
ֻȡмһأøɱҰɽͷСζ
Ҫ¶ϵĿڸУ̫úá
ֻһۣ֪ʲôζˣ
˼ҵĶġ
ڼԼһЪ˼ǵûѽ
ӳ̾һ̽Ǯ̽ɵҲǮûŲ˵ûš
ݿ˰һۣ׻һ䣺˵ṫӣǹ÷ġ
ˣſڣѵѵɻ˼
˵׼ˣ⻰˵ûգýֵס
ŻϲϲĻ
ϲʲôأ
֪£
סʱûأδŮףƶۻףɼ޸ھӵģŰǽܸ˵ϻ
լԺסţ¼һأ˵ʲô㡣
׵£סＸѾͷȫ֪ˡ
ݶʱ򣬲֡ۼֿ죬һסѪɲ
ǸļױҪ֣Ѫ棬һͶûˡ
ݶҹ﷭ȥ˯ţͷף֪֪ˣ㲻ţοҲȥ
߹ߵСѾͷѾϳˡ
룬ڶյС
ѧһӾҪ̶ȣ䲻ҵ˱Ҳ˱ɣź
Ÿպһڣݶ߹ˡһ¹ڵϡ
زˣԴëǸôôַˣ
ݶʱ򣬶¹¹ȥëѾĺˣôͻȻֹ£
ݽ㶼һǰ뽫ôʲô¶˵
ݶϣҡԭѾͷ
֪ʲôݶҵĹϵ˵ˡ
ԭ̺Ĺģ͸͸ҽסݶ£˵˰˳ǰȥң߹﷿иСѾͷ˳˵
룬Ҳǿֻ˵
˵ȥʣʲô
˵һһʵӣҵĹͨû䵽̷˾ȥ
ȥ̷˾ǵټˡ
﷢̷˾еģΪ
Ȼ̣ûȥ̷˾Ϊ⼸ʶĹ˿
ֿǹʣ̷˾ʲôط
һŲŷӦ𴦳ƺͬǸݸ԰
ˣڴǰ޺ϣɫȻü΢
ʣûȥ̷˾ȥĶ
빬Ϊūȥ˹СͲ֪ˣֻҪټˣܻ·
¹ﲻˣ£ƫðǰͷѰô⡣
룬Ȱ˼˵£ûǾû£ֻй˶Ĳ
ǰͷҹҶǸ˼ֻҪûýϹţǾͻûʼ׵Ĳ衣
һûߣǱ㲻δޡ
ݶǲǻûɲɣ
ݶæûûС
һͷ֪ġ
С£üͷģ
ݶˣڵһ
лûôعס˿ڣҲ˵ӡҲҡͷҲ֪ʲô
ã̾˿΢򥣬ȻǸˡ
ȴҪ
»ҼҪһ䣡
룬ЩȲˣ
ܲд͵ӼȥأϽдǸˡ
ݷŻù治һ㣬ˣ⡭ĳɰ


58 
Ȣ

ΪʲôɣֲдԵĶд, 㱻˵Ҳǹġ
ݼ֪ûʲôͷ֪
, ۵ľͷѾȼ, һʱˡ룬۾һתһ, ͷдֳ, ܿ˰գ
Ҳ취, ݾǿС
ٿ, ĥīȥ
˵һѽݶݶȶ, һס
֮ǰݶʵѾĴ㡣
ԭּͬҽòǻûʲôףһּӦ, Ѿͷ
ųʱ, ݶڴ򶶡
ǰһ̻ԲһŻڿ쵽ˣ԰ϻʹҾҲոСϯ, һˣ
һ̾ͱ˴Ӵլϳ, صӼҵС
ּҵǶӣݶۣǰȫýǵЦŭȫǵ, ֻǵǻ޻л, һߡ
ŸһϦ
Ҫּ֪, ۣ˸񡭡ֶ̧̧죬ܽһΡ
ֻᱻʲôطȥ
չĺô˵ĵѰûϵﾹûڵϣѶкʪˡ
㡣
Ըߵ鷿£ֽҧסʸӣһ氢ĥī
ذҴˣ˵ž͵Լд
ѣ̽ɣƾӦԣͷһ£֡
۵һʹݸ壬дƮݣԲڡ
˼µ֣鷨һ㿰ſҪдҲˣд̽
һ֪ԼֶƲƯֲƯأͬһƮƮġ
ɼף͸֪ʲôġ
ܲܵƸͷƼ㴦գӵӵĽţҲزס
ôģôʵģд˺ֽˡ
˱ٿһ飬ԼΪ⡣װСŷУװŷڡͷԼ֣ϰֵ֡
ӣȥǱԺðֵСȥӼ࣬ú֪
֪ˣ϶Ҫġ
Ӱһ֪˵ĳȥһ·԰¶ȥңҲˡ
յңӲŴ¶ţͼӴſڽ
ҪЦͷʱһţûûˣôˣ
ϻСסһȣǻӲˣӳ˲⣬ҵģ㲻˵
Ҳסա
ӡвϥҲǴˣд澵ӡ
һۣЦ˳Ļ»«έˣģˡ
«έ˶ѿˣСʱӻûԵģݵһѹͷԴ֧ڹǼϣѿˡ
Ͳˣиͣ
ӹһۣŸ˵谢ֵСãܸͷš
֣żˣôƫƫˡ
˵Žȡſ֣Ƭ̲ŵǡ͵ϱߵģ
Ӽڳϡ
ǡ
ĿһͿŷٽ˺֣ڸ̽дţ
ЩԥôŸУô˵ЩأҪܶ»£Ǿδ޼дš
ǺҪţ
ţҪýȥһ˳Ͽúܡ
ӿͷŤߣʱٰһۡ
СˣԸӼһˣŽᲩʿվŲôˣ
˵Ҳ˵ôˣǻͻȻûˡ
ԭͬʹ
дŸģȻҲǣ鹣ּףļҲԸأ
ֱֱ뺫ӣһ
˵¹ٷ˵õģ˯С齣ôҴϵ
һһ°ڸס
ϽϴϴȻῪúܣ
Դִ֪ϰߣͷӱӢʳ׷Ͱԣӱͷүԡ
˵ӪҲ֪ĸúӣ䣬ڱԣһܳ
ӢѧԼõ廨еϸϸģͷЩԼͣӳܳ԰˸
ҲϳԱˣպǴģģҲܳ顣
ȥֵĳԣҧһھͱˣ
裺Բ¡
ӣôˣֵûţ翪ʼͲԾ
ǰ֣ǶôԻôԣôȻôȣһ㲻ǳôˡ
ûһԴ󣬶ʷԭ
򰢱СʱͽСͶ
ǵŸѧҼҶ̧쾮УʱóȥҺ棬ԺžͼŸС䶯
Դëվվ
ۿΡΡվˣȤһƵ
һƨϣֻ۾ԲԲģסǸ׷ʲô
ʹܣڼҪ˴椣ܿ޵졣סܵԺſˣȴû
һŤͷͿָͷţԲ۾תЦ
ӴˣҲ֪Ϊʲô±㰮һ¡
û޹ʱҲ룬ôأ
ۿҪڴװүˣ˰ѲëӵϣԹԳԷȥ
Ӣʣأô
˭֪һ춼ġ
Ϊ˼·ǡӢÿһʮ嶼һȥ㣬֪ҳ˴¡
ֱ⣬˴˶һ٣ȥϱѲɣ̥ѽ
ȰϱһͨԽȥ˺ӣ򷢳ȥˡ
ϱȴûôƭôɣɷҲͷ³㲻֪Ǵ˶õġΪԣȫǼٵġ
ҴϱҲȰãѽͲ֣ϽԼҲһתҪٹ򣿡
ǿסģкӲָ
Ҳ㵱沣㵱ò˵һ䡣¿ˣԵõôţǿӡƵ
˰գһġ
ϱ֪ĸɩСӶȰôҲʲ¡
ֱɩ˵ãҪ֣Ҳٰˡ
˵úꡣ
Ӣ˼պıʢһСѾͷȥȥ
һ׮£ͨ泩¾ԽԽ㡣
ҧһڱӣ̿ʣôˣе飬ѵк֪Ÿɵˣ
Ӣ첻ֻ֪֣ǰ˵ʱߣɩ򲻱ƽôһ仰Ҳûˡ
̵Щʲô˱ָͷϵ֭˵ش椿ɸ֪ˡô֣ܸ׼޽Сͨһѵ˼ңʲôġ
¶Ӣ쵱Ȼ˵ˡ
ֱ̾ŮծŮծŮծò״椰ˣ⻹ûϼأֳ¡
ΪţѾþûŴˡ
Ӵ椿϶ԣ֪Բԣ
Ҫ֪ҲһʳȥֻдſԵûеƮƮġ
۰ʱֻصСԺ
ո½ԥСУɢѧ֮֮ǰ״򲻶ÿհʱ䣬ػض󺹵Ļ
ѾϴˮһţϽ
һһʣţ
˸дţҲͬͬдţЩΪ̸£д¡
½ԥʲôʱ򶯣˵ָָӼƵԺӡ
ܼ֮˵
ԭҪѣμֳʱûͽ䣬˼ȥɰʱϲԡ
ѧǾɵۻǾԪۣᵱ´
°ٽɰܽҧ
ȴͬˣ̰۵ʵ֤Ԫƽ̰
ѧβ̰ȴһ̨
ȡһҦģһɽģкһšѾڹӰˡ
һüͷдţ
֪ˡɻȥԡɾӣǰ
ȲǰţСǩҪϣһЩٻظ
˺ţȡŷõÿڣ̽ȥȡһŷ⡣
ϵŷ⣬һʱȻдţô˵Щʲô
⡭ġ
裬Ÿŷⲻ϶꣬Ӳ𿪣͸ŷ֪ͷдʲô
顣
ĺɫЩ谵
Ȳ˵ƻýù֣Ųŷڣȡָֽһдš
ּʲôΪѵ£⣿
ֽ̯ȿ֣һһЦ
ֲõдֽдôЩӻеģһϰֲŸĸ£дѾڷܡ
дʲôɫһ͡
򾭹дˣôȻȲţҲϣֻǰ˵ףȫƪһдš
ɣĺú
̵ϴˮС˰ںã飺ӻڻţ
ⶼ˷ˣûꣿ
ͷҲ֪ʲôҪţȥй÷ͼߵżд˵ֽ
һʳĹӣü˼ڤ룬ֽд䣬ŵһߡ
ʲô£ô


59 ̲
Ȣ

һ, ˹ӼϨƵʱ
üֽϸиѾԭҵģһ
ʮԼļѾǵ, ôЩˡ
ͬûйϵ
һ֮, һϢŮ, ֱʱ, δ˵
ϸ, ƩѾͷǲǼӣͷӲͬƩǾĸӵ֣ԭ̺һλ
Щд, ֲʡ
ֻ취ȥд, ּ֪ЩѾǣ˭
üôԭû뵽
ʵЩѾʵʵϢ, ӸҵԼ, ûֹһ¡
ֹֻ֪
һ˼ԶѧϨ࣬ۡɽԶص
̴˸Ƿ, ͱͱӾдʲôأ
֪ȥ
дһ뵹Ҳ֪, ȥˣҲ֪дûС
ӳ˴󲡳ʱҹҹ磬춼ЪЩ鷿ĵƻþûôˡ
Ծŵķ, Щʾ޵, ȴлػ, ֽ
壬Ҳ۽أּҹȻһеҷ硣
黹յƵҹˮմˮգ᲻δүǹӳʲô⣿
δĴүǸ٣ܳʲôùӶⲻˣ
˸˵꣬ͷҪ衣
ͲȥӣⶼˣҪء
ˣ̧⣬ҹأɴ꣬ϵƻ𣬡Ъ˰ա
ѷдֽҲ鵽ϸͷ
Ŀɨǵϸ壬ָϽջأŹӵƿд죬ʲôҲûд
ڶ½ԥһʳе۵СԺ
ԸСɽȥ˸õФ⽣ȳԴˮ죬һصһֻģ֪۲⣬Ϻڶ
ҪųԣҪֿȡ
ƽ۵СԺڣҪ̽˵̫ȴֻصģЮԡ
½ԥۣôˣ
ۿ½ԥһۣſʲôסЩôö˵
ݲݳ꣬ȥá
½ԥδ̣꣬ǹôˣ
û
ʲô£ܰѳ½ԥЦ棬ȵɢΣŵȻûۿΣȥ
۲ڽãѧһᲩʿˣм¡
ܻٶིģȴŵ㣬һãʱˡ
½ԥȥСԺ̵ӻûء
½ԥӼ࣬飬иѧָŲ󣺡·𿴼Ჩʿȥˡ
½ԥߵ£ȦȵֱҡȣĽúõܲʲô
ɵ˲Ѿȥˡ
½ԥ£飺Ჩʿʲô鼮
شùһ
½ԥס죬ĽҲˣǡǡ䡷Сǡ࡭ط֮ճµ飿
·֪ʲô
½ԥӻ飬Ľǡ͵ûա
ǽˣȴٳûдȫĹѧЩ
Ʃдŵʱ˵¡
Ƿֻһл佱Ļϸдʵڲףɲд̫Щ
дֽȥһ仰ʡ
ǡ䡷֮УдЩճС¡
۱дԼڹӼ£ڣ˵ԵɽУ㲻ԲϣһȦ
飬Ҳдҳ
ϣŲдˡ
ͨһأûϵ֣ҲûѶĵʣͨƪд˴׻
Ĵǣѧд𣬾ûд
ֽϸϸãҲСŷУϴŷ⡣̣ó³ʤ͵ȥ
һͻؼҵģ߹֪֪£
һ˹Уּõ˶ĶģҪǹûУȥ˽
ҹӳ¿дˣͲ֪Ǳ߻᲻š
űȥȣȥУ³ʤͳ
͵С˲֪ֻдģŷŵϡ
Ⱥֵɨż㣬һ˭дš
ӪֵܣֵͬھǵĻԼźȶپƣصģҲдˣһҲʶ֡
ڿȻͶġ
仰ϱӾ˵Ͷ֣˵ޱɬȻ
˵˶ٻأˣٽͶˡ
һЦҲǣܽˡ
˵꺫С˰ӽţȻֵԽԽˡ
Ըʣôôɤˣǲ˷磿
ںҺüûȥڶ˵ľ񶼱ûˡ
ʹأ˵ͬЦòǺ˼˰գ
û˵
㻹Ǻ˼ļҹڳ
ûҡ˵䣬˵ˡ
ӹȡߣϲȥҪŸȻǰ⡣
һţǲ˼ҹΣ졣
ԽԽܣܵľȥ
ֹסߣҺȾȥ㡣
ѹûۻţǷдȥΪ˿¶ˡ
û۾Ȼţ
͵͵ǷŴݷƼֻ
Ҫǹ๫ŽԵҲǼ¶äƼޣͷ֪޵ǸʲôģҪǿöࡣ
ϸ۵ţԴڲԲϵʮֹУƥͨԣԲ϶ԭ
Ҫܿһڣ֪ΪԲˣƫƫƲ룬дš
һ⻹дҳֽдϿڣӡ
Ĺأ˹ʣµƤİֽӹʶûʣȥҺСȥ
³ʤţϱʣǸŻ
ǡ
أǶûŰ
͸߹ġ
һȥУһдŸã෽֤
⵹Źˣȥ˵ɴûô׽
ѾúˣΪʲôΪּҹ£յӣǾͱˣ㿴Űգּ¡
Ȼ˵УϷ밲иҷСѾͷ¶˵ˡ
ԭԺϳģŸոңҪô˵ˡ
ȸݱףݱ׸һޣ顣
һܡֹ϶ݶҪ
ˣȿһ۳裬һƣ׼ˡŲŶ˵£ּҹﲻǵխ̱ˡ
ҲôãͷһЦҾͰʵдŸˣ
ôʵ㣿֪ӴǻëûС
סЦ⣺һᣬѧҵΡͷֽһȥſ羿ʲô
סЦסüĿһֶջȥյ
Բ裬Բ衣
۰ǰš
Ƿ⣬Ȳ𿪿Ҷġֻ˭ʲô¶űԪ
ӣһ˹ûţ˽ʵˡּҵǴ˽Ƕġ
һͷ˶ˣֹ֮ǰּҾһ˸ȫˡ
黹ֹһʹ˻ȥһ롣
˽ּüû˵û˵ҪʲôģݬĲһȫּңǮ䲻ߣҲд׬ͷ
˭ֹ֪˲һ죬ͰѺõѡ¶˻ȥ
Ӽǵεģ֪ҵĹﲻúŪһ֪
мǷټģм̻Ҫ뾩˴ߣȫˡһӣϵĺϵġ
Ӧֹƣûǹ룬ȫ
ʮˣĶģдֽϡ
齫ֽʸӣһ֣£š
һһ̻ѾͷѾټ뾩ˡݶȷʵҵѾͷﲻֻּ֪
һݵģĿһ١
ǱѾͷתü֣֪Ƿʲô£
顣ۻһݵģȥϸϸ


60 
Ȣ

ڶ, һˡ
ǼװĲ£֪֪ĸ˽Ƕģűںδ
˭֪, û
鿴˵òʵ, ȴǲǸѾҷ¶֪ͷ, ˸С, ӡ
ֻܸʵ, ͬ㲻ɡ
ſ¶䣺ѽ, ֪ת˼ˣҿһﷸʲô¶, ҲԸڱأԶԶķ
ӳӪһ˫۾úܣ, ˵׼֪Щ, ΪûɱȴֻԶԶģ׼ˡ
ģ̫ͨ˵ģȥּҪǱ˻, Ǿֻ˸˵һô
ǿ̫
תô, һǴҳ˵Ѿܸܿóۡ
ֻʹˣ̫ǹﶼʮˡӸ˵, ˵Ÿʮ, ﱨ, Ƴ
ÿּҲͣҪܸɻģ˸üǮ
Ǿϼ˭
ϼңϼϱߵӣӡӱ˸סַС๫Ҳˣ׷ǮһǾˣҳʲôҲƼģҲţ
ϢȥӣҪҪ飿
飬ԽˣԽԵɣǻӵ£һϼķ£ôּңȥó³ʤȥ졣
ϸʱǼѾѾˣԼԺеѾҲˡ
ʱߵ׳涼ʶѾһϲ
ÿ꣬ʹѾˣСĻȡ
ʱ̲飬ҲֻǷδȻǵСĿС
ֻû뵽
Ƚӵ˻ţҪҪ̽ɶ˾ףѾҲùʡʱֻûһƲѾʲôӡ
ϸĻţϸдΪʲôԲϣдЩּƲϵ䷽
дҿһ۶֪
಻ס벻ȥһ۵ĴúõԣΪʲôԲϣ
ʱ򣬴ȥӼࡣ
һƬɽͷ£˵ݷˣɰѴǣҲö֢ҩ
ͷԹ㣬δڡ
Ӣһƾ֪ڴˣЩɵðеûУµ׿ɾҪˣǴˡ
׵ĹŰ켰񣬰δ飬㲻񣬵ǴգҲúú֡
Ѿ˲÷ҪΡӢЦģѽһʮҸΡ
ּڵļҵףһʮҲס
ׯûյʱڡׯϵĳϢδܻǮҲ⾩ивŸ
ССĿ࣬еܻǮִ˵˲ãҪŮŵױ
ǹܼҵˣһʮʱüͷҪѰĶˡ
Ӣһۣ㣬㻹ˣ
ѻûأҲҪЩҪƥС
˵Ѿѡ֣ĸСʮһ£ָͷ͸ԼСˡ
Ӣһֺǣ֪ɵģôɵȥܳ
治ѲΣǳҪʲôҪʱܰġ
룺ôգȻҪȻô£Ӿͺܿԣˡ
ӢЦˣҲУӲ㣬ԼŰգģٵԼϡ
ʱٸİ졣
ʱȥСǮϻӣǮһһʶӼǵģ֧ϼĵӿ⽣Ӷдϡ
Ϊˣϵֶдģȿһݲϡ࿴أܡġ
磬о飺дӣ˵ٰҪʲô
Ǯ࣬Ҫþ£ݶԽ͵ӿʼҪԳƽʱĲֽͬ˹
СѾͷȥһѺúɻҪǰ뻨ģǻģ죬̬á
ĻƿժһƬҶҶֽ֭ȾЩĸɣֽϲкҶĸ⡣
⣬ֻǿ⣺ĸЩҲˡܷŽֽۣ
ֽд椺
˽ȣ¸ˡʵǼв͸Ԥˡ
ֲͬϺ񣬴ҳ֯Уѡһٱϼĳʳ
ɫŲַ࣬Ըӣ죬ȥ
ԺһؼˣԺﲻڣɩҲԭƵģɸߣʼæӵ¡
ÿһۣܣһ˱ˣǴ۾ȱ仯ġ
Ƕ绹úء
ŲˣСҪˣֱغƢӣ˵Ҳץ
ץʲô˯ͨ檣ŪӳǼҵĺüҷ磿Ͽ棬һڰűߡ
˵϶࣬Ҫֲ֪ʲô
ִ˶һ£̻ܵܣûأѼЩѾͷɲŪ
֪ȥ΢΢˿ڼʵǴ
ǰΪʲô粻żңʱʱҪܳţˣҪҲܳȥͺˡ
þûȥסһϡ
£ԵŮɣ˵ͷŮʰﴫ¶ô
ΪϢ˵ȢּŮ˶ٸӢſŮס
²ߣŵͷ
ǱһǰգóѰó
ǵ񣬻Ǳߵģȥɻ׵
鱸ЩСԼĺɻͼһˮָ黨ЩӣЩ֬ˮۡ
һûãϢȥˡ
̽Ȣ¶Ǵ͸ȥģСŮʮģ㻹뵱ý죬һҴҪţ
ҽ
Цˣëӣʲôַ̧ŹӵٵȵȰա
Ӧ£ֵˣкüңּءԾʱȣԵĹýһ졣
ּŮòɵһкüҶģλýּҹǲǰò
ȷʵòײ١
Ҳ뵽ˣһŮټҲӦġ˵̧üһۡ
᣺ȻȲ̽ɡϢȫˡŵڣѧʶǼҷ磬Զ
ˣ룬˴Ÿӣùǰһͻȥּҡ
֪¼ǣϱӱǼ֮󣬶˸ڳɻġ
ϱӣͷ֧͵ģĸ׵꼰ʱΡ
֧Σȴѵ֮
һҪķΣĸ׵ľˡ
ʮøǡ۽ջϻУԤȥ飬ǣ
黹ҪȥУ
˭ֵ֪Ʊж٣
³ʤ˶ʮȥϱߣһƱһЩӡ齫ϻȥͼӰʮƱˣôǮҪʲô
Ҫȥȥ½˵һ
һ·ǣõ¥δ¥ҲûѡΡƹ۾ȴһϳֵơ
ӭǰ뿴Щʲô񽣻壿
۱΢죺ΣҪЩжٹѡ
ʱͣԺ͸
ƹһߣͼǱҲиεΣһɨнΣֿԼǰһ̡
ѡϤ
ţԶ¥ʲô
һþˣʲôû뵽¥뵽˼Źơ
˭֪Ҳڡ
һҿһȶ۵ɣֵ
ֶ˵ɣϻͬ˵ģһֱʶʶ
˫Ŀۿ˸أ̽ɣҲεģ
͸
ṫӡ
׼񣺡֡
žʮ죬Ŀϸⲻξô


61 
Ȣ

˵, ֿƣϸò˳
˽֪, 幫, ʵǺ΢幫ñ³谮ȴ¼, ˵Լġ
þ˺, ׷ײ²ξò˰, к, ̽ó֮Ƚϵġ
۲ţŻǵλξ
ʱһɫ, 浶ϱָŵģ
ӣйˡ
һϵ⼸ޣ幫һñ³谮ֻû뵽, ξּҵˡ
ҴСһĺֵ, ҳ
ͷת˼ǴСһ𳤴ּ֣ҿǧһϵʲôǣźá
ô˼ϻ΢Ц
Ÿ, ͷԼĪ, ġ
˭ģ
ҲĿнϴתЩڡ
֮£ץס
ּףҲûеˡȭ, ŵ߿ǡΡ
ü, ŶһҲ, ֪ǵű˵ڡٿأ͸˭
۾һǸλ治ˣģжأⲻҲ͸õİգ
õġӦ
ڿҲڿۡ
ҪŵǸӣЩ֡
ƹļ죬Ҳк͹ҪҪҲΣ
һ룬ȷʵ㶫͸ٸҲһͷϾӣûʵġ
ɣҲöһ
λѡΣ۵ģ
Ǹѡϻװ
ûӦҵ£˵ʱ˿
һȵǺؼҵģ˵ûɣڴϱЦЦúΪȾƺɵˡ
룬ͳŰ磬Űһᡣ
ԥ±ܣٴףѡΣϣøϽ
۲֪˼Ӹá
ϸѡһȦҲûѡõãϲ죬ϲ¸ǶͨεĻ̫Щ
޷Щĵݳȥûк۵ġ
ƹһ۾֪һλλͬǰ˵ԼϲӣҲ
룬ƹȡֽʼպīһ֦ʯΡ
ϸһ뿪񻨣»ŸսֻӴСʯ
ժ͸֦񻨡
ýʯú챦챦һĳɫãǵü·һϻӣС
ƹӦһǮˣ͵ϡ
ǱߺҲˣƹϣڻԤûؼȥɣҪȻһȶپȥ
ҡͷղ㣬һҪعӼȥǸԼա
֪£Ťͷȵȥ
˭֪ҲҡͷҲ£øϽȥżϻؼңٵȼˣȥ
Ҫߣۼŵӹȥһشؾ򻨡
дСģдСģֹɣҰȤ
һ̣ʱ⣬һ˵͵ҡ
Ⱥصңˮϴӣκ͵ĸ׷ȥʱһžż̧ͷͿĸ״һ
Ķģ
ӢڸЬ棬оˣǷЬӣû뵽ѲҲǸѽŵĲ¡
ѥôĥͷһҲһѥӾһɳѾζ
Ӣҧͷģ˵ҹ˰¨ԼڷЩָЩš
ǡһ֪ˣƽḮ߹Ķ鶼͵ġ
ûӦ
ҲûӦȸˣ˵Ӣ̾˵ϲʲô
Ӣ˵ʱײסûۣйҼҵȥ
ԣԼãûѱҰʲôҡ
ʱͰɸˣҽȥΣ²˭ˣ
ӢһӸΣ۽üҾЦ⣺ϹǮ˵ˣٺ»ѾڹýǶˡ
ǸӴģ˼أҲˣʵһʡ֪ӢҪ˵ףʮż죬кüѡˡ
ʲôϻﻳһ
Ӣô˵ִ̽ϻһͷӣ
ͷ䲻ҲģǶģѽĶܴôġ˵ţȴĦס
ֿЦ¸Խ״һԶ
Ӿ͹ˡӢ컹᲻ʱʹϣϻУŵױ̨ϣʶӣ㷽˵˭ˣ
ɡԼ˱裬˵ڸΣҿѽġ
Ӣϲ棿
۲ţֻǰҪǰϸţǽ׾͸ˡ
ɲң쵽ӸƭˣҲԼñˡ
ּоû˼ôоеСŮǣǰҳĶС
ƸŴ󻧣Ƕ˻ıãɻ֮ǰҲء
Ӣ˵ɸΣҲ֪ǼҪȻǼһʵĳϡ
Ӣ쵽׻ǾԣӶˣò˾ǣüҵýǶ
˵ѰùڴϣˣʲôŮ·ˣ
Ҳɵ÷򲻴ӣʮֿ氢
취̸ֱ۾ּҲׯء
Ҫ¾ҪϽˣ֮ȥԣҪȻǾͳᣬһ
Ůʱ棬
ⷨӲӢһİƣȰüĿܺúòĶӵĻˡ
Żؼң˼ֱԺ
һվö˾ַЩ￪ŴԾˮȹѣӵӽƤû̧һ¡
ߣŸ£һ˵ϡ
һżɽȥա
أŹӸҪ͵һѿںȥ
Ҳ˲úƣףļң
ЩŤһʱŲ졣βּң
˴ӾЦȫˣأԲţǰգ
˭ѲǺûһֵͷȥϺݺݰһǡͭ
˾һȦСܵǰѣƤ졣
˰˸˹ˣ־öҲ̫Źˣԭ˵ôûɿڣҲû˵ǰ
Ҫ֪Űô󾢶ǰ磬࿴ĸʲô
̤Ьٴ
šڣŤŤȥԴּ̧һ䣬ˡ
ѽһָͷڶüϣǿˣ
ʱѾͷӣһԤȥּҵֲŸӢ졣˵ҪȥּҰݼ
Ӣſţ֣ô˵Ҫȥּң
ּҺҿңʲô¶ǵȥּԺ˵
ڶһ磬˴ϲӯӯּҵšӢӭƫȥһҡͷɲУ¶͵˵
ӢƷζõɴۣǡ
ֳһ仨⻹Ʋף


62 
Ȣ

Ӣ۾ɵͭ, ſڽࣺ㣬Ǹף
ֺǺһͷѲһĶӣ˵סӢ֣ռӣû뵽ǻԵ֣
Ӣԭ, ˰, ¡
ԭͷҲ, ֪Ǹʲô˼, һ, ˰
ؿԸ, ˵ְȥӡ
ãʮھˣ˴֪֪׵ġʲôƢ֪, Щԭ죬ҪϵͷСӴǻ׽һ
ǼԭЩǾͷ, ûƼ
Цü, ӿǿˣȳɼҺҵһ굱ϵǲȫˡ
޽ǸŮһ, Ҫʲô, ͷһֳסӢӣ˽ţĶסĶס͵ּҵĶ, Ҳûʲôɵģ
һ, ѾүСﺰ
ҪΪŶӵ, һûһ˵Ͼˡ
үһ͵ͷּҵǲҿл٣ǲ֪¸վҪһΡ
Ϊ̫µ񣬿ɱټִ֮ɫɿЩ˭ִкͷ£ܵżֺɫ
ִĪʥģڳеԵϲˣ᲻ύҲŮ׵ģΪǿ
ֻаһŮүԽԽºãźӵô˵ּҪŵŮԵĺ˵˵ǿɲɣ
˰һۣиȢģոա׸¶˵סŮҿԣ˵Ӳ̷Ŀɲɡ
ӻҪٵģ׸ɲ
Ӣ˵һʹϲ裺Ⱥȿڲ裬˵ż
˵öϳһյ裬ֵмضûӦҵ£°޳ȥô˵ҪŮţϾΪҵ׼ңʲôģ
ӢһҲûŻ˵ò׵ͣ£ŵ˵Ҳ㣬ǵÿô˵
֪~Ÿ˵üĿˣҹý
ֺһӢ͵űߣ˿
ôͷģ˵ˡ
ȷҲкô˵ģ֪֪ףжڣäƼޣżҲ
ŲǵСԶڶϱģҲ
ȷʵŵżңźÿʲôã֮󣬻ðġ
Ӣ䲻ǰȴһƬģԸŮۡ
Ǻӣʲôʱ˼ģ
ˣҪס
￴ϵĲ࣬Щ۾飬ˣӻûת
βŤͷһ𾪣ʲô
ǰգӢһ̯㶼֪գ
ǣǸΣģһµվҲû˵ѽֵ˵ףȵôء
£Ӣ룬ʰȥ̸ûи³̡
˵꼱Ҵȥ
ûɢѧѦʫ
ѧʫеʫҲƪƪѧѦֻҪĽ
콲Ĳʫ¡ѦЦʫ㵱ˣȽǣҪΡ
ѾѧˣѧÿѦ˵һ䡣ֻҪ˵ˡΡǡ¡ĶǾһá
ɽʫ°Ǽסˣ͸СϷ̨Ĳ࣬ŮӸĺ¡
Ϸ̨ϿɰЩˣػص¶ˡ
ַеĴɩһĨһĨᡣ
öϷʱС˺ͳ϶Сö
ʿ֮⣬̿˵ҲŮ֮⣬˵ҲѦ䣬ֻ
ÿһŮѧ˵ƪå
˵ƪϸţǲѾӣеŮϸʫ⡣
ֻҪ̹ŮǱҪġ
ҲΪ£һ׮ò£»Ҫ˵
Ѧ֪̺īҲ֪ʶּ֣ûĸҲûнֹŹ
ССģû֧ߡ
ͷǼдֶĿһͼ΢졣
ôˣ
ݴгӣ˰۾Ц£Сɳ۾ɹġ
£תͷȥñʸֺͷ̾һƪҪȫıĬдġ
ͻ룬ѦӼѧҪô
Ѧ֥Ȼּ֪׵£ҲԤУҪȻУСѧôʣЦȻҪ
ÿҪ顢󾭡ھһ֣ҪͲģҪʮӡ
΢죬飬Ҫ
˱飬ÿдһ֡ÿҪдگھ±۸пڣһһΣ߰ٴηá
ͷ󣬹Ӽôడ˵ʮ˹Ӽ飬ʮҪд๦Σ˲
Ҳ֪鰤û
ôһȣѧǼ򵥵öˡ
ͷԹסʣѧдǸд˳ġ֡
һ·Щ֮ҲģصԺУͼڵʱЦˣ̣ôô
¶Ҫ˵
һ˳ȥ
ĶӹһȻϿ򿪵ϻӣ
Ӣ۾һɨѾͷ˳ȥֻû
Ҳȥ
ӹϻظףѲˣĥĥŲӣ䡣
ͬһôѽ
ӢͷǸˡ
ˣڿһ֣еɰͣԼ˱ˮŸպȥһڣ˵

ˮһȹӣԣӢվı⺢ӣôôë꣡
찢ŻǲŪˣСʱͷϷСӣź˻һӣ취Ū
˵ٲµˣҲӢ츧ıҵĺô˵Ҳ֪롣
붼û룬ͷҡ˹Ƶģɲɲɡ
˵ɣӴһɣ
ŤͷɱǸɣôҲǿ÷ա
һȵϣҪӦˣѾ󻹵̺
Ͳˣ
ʲôңӢһۡ
ȫȻ£~Ǹ¿Ųߣŵ˵ĳƢðѡ
˵ʱ֣˵֡
ҡͷˣӢҲʣȵִл¸ִС
ִкӶˣϴأ϶˵㣬Ƣɣ
˰죬ֻһúãɺòȴƫƫ˸ӡ
ȷܵŵģҲϰգ
Ӣҡͷֻ˵ǼסԵû˵
ɣҰִҡͷˡ
Ӣٵˣ뵽ûǸͷֻ»ֳء
һü۸ߵ֪ͣʲô˼ҲңûǼ
ҲûԼĶжٽˡ
ȥѻԭԭ߶ӣ˼˼ŮҲܸɵģлģأһͷ
һˮĻȾͷûˣ־͹ԼĶӲ
ףͷףǲɵġ
ֻԼð֪ôˡ
һѾˣܰһĲ£ʲôǲǾͿüˣ
ãźȥңԴ֪򰢱⣬㲻ô˳ۡ˵Ǿõģʲôⶼõó
Ҫǵ÷ǺǸƫɣü޸Щ
һȥɱҪһһ룬ǰˣ񲻳ɡ
û˵ʲôǡɴվֱˣҾⲻǣʲôҲ˵
ѵɫȻƬ̣ͷǳɣһء
һء
Ѱе԰ʲôҪ˵أӹһ¾ţֲ˵Ͱգ
ֵһ
ͤͼͤУԶԶվš
ֱͦ˱Ҳһ
Ҫʲô
ЦףŪ㡣
۾һԲ˵ʲô֪ÿŪˣô˵
ġǰһ
ʲôҲ֪
˺һ˿ĭôô鰡ǲǲˣ˵ϲӡ
ҲԼȥ
ҸⲻǣԺҲͶˡ˵˫ֱȭҾ
ֱתߣʹ¶ȥ
ȷӦŰѣϽתתǲСˣ


63 ɰ
Ȣ

ϯ, һԴͷŴͷ૳Ź, ̫Źˡ
Ӿ, ӣʱʱȼ, ջظ첲Լȼ, Ҳ֪ʲô, ҪǼ, ҿɲš
˵ʲô㡣һš
Сʱȥҹҹ, ƿӣͷʲôּҵӵͰӢѾʰɾﻹٲó档
Ҫԣö, Ҳ, һһݣǽҲ۹Ŵϻװɴȥġ
ҹҪ˯ʱһƱ, ͷëëһƬ
ŵþг, ʱܳȥһ߿һ𣬻˵϶ɵġ
ۼֿ죬һӶĴ, ϽžͲ, Сæ˺һ, һŵǹëë档
¶һ׮׮һȫǵεġ
ǵˣ˲§סӵ㵱ȻҪһ飬ҲӦģİա
ӱ§һСᣬ̲סƿ֣ˡһգ˯ڰ߰ҹѡ
ʵȵܲסű˯޺ȥÿ춼Ѭһӣûó档
죬ҲûһȰˡ
°ڴϷϲһҲšҲϲǺϲˣ
ʲôʱܼҪúһʡ
¥صӼ࣬Ƚ¥ƹĶǮӽ̡
ҼżһϻӺ챦ʯȥѶ͵¥ȥʮռȥһߡ
̡һ
ǰ½ʿһҸ鷿ˡӲ⶯飬ϵԼʰȿٷࡣ
ǵ飬ϲӣȡһ½ԥд֡á
ã۲⣬һ徭г׵ģһʲô
ַһҳһɨȥ˫ʲô徭˸ƤŵľЩ
½ԥȥоѰģ֮Ӽ¥ЩҪ޶˵öˡ
ͷ鶼ˣЩµģĴҲ̽һ
üɨ˼ۣĴᲢдӵģҪôд檵ģҪôɴдӵġ
ʲôͳ
Ҫ£ͼһ䡰ǣΡɰӡ
ɰߡ֪૳ʯ񻨣ĺɰɱ޾ñ
̱Сˣűߵӣںˡ
ͼٿһ°ϣȥ졣
ǲˣҪҪȥȡЩ
Ѿڣɽ仹ҹôռ²Ųɽ֣ѽӷŻ˵Ҫء
£Ҳȡ۽Ǽ㶼У½ԥеû¸ˣտˣɴԾ
ڶɽظʯ֮඼ɰ¶ţҵ¶ӷԸһϻӺ챦ʯҡ
¶Ӧܿ㱻ԺȡϻӳһϻжʮţҪһߣ
ʲôôһϻҪ˴ȫ׵ͷ治ɣ
á
¶ЦøдǩӣҺü¡ӣʣ˵ý湫ˣ
¶ǺЦý׵¶ǵĴ
ķ巿ȻŶķżҲװˣ̫̫ܵǰټԼֶŮ
ҲǼס̫̫࣬ųˣТ˳ġԭǹ۸δТТôͷȥѰ
̫̫ϲϱΪԵģӣ
岻֣ףûܲȥһˡ
ķò᣺ֲͷʹȣԭ¶ˣ
˵Ȼˡ
ֶŮֻˣûӦأ١
ӯٲסţǰЩŻǼңǼ˰ˡ
̫̫Ƕ̫̫һӣҪȥ޵ģ͵ױ
˿ӴǼҿٲŴˣһҲһ䣬˶ʮӡ
ķ˱Ҳһ˶ʮӣ˵ǸǼҹ֬Ǯ
λһ˸
ƽղͷӯС˼Ҳӯ˼ʶԭŮż˿ѧòῴǮ
ʱݱ̫̫̫̫̾ǸĶֻ䲻ǹﻹкüֵء
ԭһŻһЩ֮Ķݱô˵֧
͸ǼҹӣһñأûϹͷʵĵĽ˽˶ܵǮá
ȵʱ֪巿Ҳһ͵ĶǹصĶ
һӣ˹˽ж֮ЩʵáΡ
ӯﴹסᣬ֪Ⱳӣûҵˡ
ָգķԼԼôûЩӱ㺦˷̫̫Ƕ밲ȥˡ
̿һۣ¶¶ϲ⣬һ䣺ǿɲʵġ
⻰ô˵ٷ˽ţѵ̺򣿡¶ǴѾͷٷ˽ţȻҪ̺š
ּ֪ҹҲһһ뻵
һ뻵ǲʶ֣һòɡ
¶һֱ㲻׹ʲô˼û̧˼ΪεԺУ֪Ҫףˡ
˵͸ˣҲ𼱣Ȼˣ㲻ڻǰֳͰĵٷ˽ţ˽ţҪһ̺ĸ
ҵŹӳףٷУʱ̧ܻһүҲ̧һ
ѾͷģȻǹĸܡ
ӽ񷨣ѾͷܲܽүǵǶ÷·ǲŹأ˽£Ʋ
¶лת΢졣
ϻûƼּҹòЦǸƢˬˡ¶ѾߣδٷЬࡣ
ϼ룬಻ס棬գߡ
һ£Ŵţ㴫С
ϢŻʺҲΪ£˵ЩСƢʣ˵ͬƢˣ
幫ķš
Ƣ˸̫ࡣ
Ű£ŻʺȻҪܡ
ĸƽߵý˵ĲáЦӯӯ࣬СҰ輸ˡ
ŻʺҲֻ߹Ҫ˵ġ
Ԫ³УлҳСƢҵ¶أһʰ
˵Цһ
Ԫ۱ϲһؾװ磬·ޣôʲôôЦ
ŻʺڿЦ̾һҴˡ
㽫ϲǰ̽˵ȥָף˲ڹУƢ˸С̫ࡣ
Ŷ
ͷּŮ÷̥ѩǣ֮ءŻʺǼģ˱ЦĶԣҲ̫ˡּŮӢˬ˵֮ˣȷǿ
½йͷԱˣֻּԼ벻ġ
ҸּףʲôƢ
ǣôҲˡŻʺһۣЮС˸鵽УЦ⣬ʣôʲôԣ
Ԫ۽Ƭȸֻࣺĵ˼
ĽȷмֲŸɣһʮѾ
ԪۿͿ˵õпϣѡҲиֻڹӼ࣬Щϧ
ֻҪһ뵽ģں
ܭһߣ䣬ǵһ
Ŷ˵˵Ԫ۲ӣһôţҲɿЩ
ϻرټӢǰִˣ˺죬˵ڴȶʶġ
Ԫȥ֮ǰھס˶꣬Ȼ֪ȶʲôطͣ¿ӣʾܭ˵
ԵĵûʲôᲩʿִĺɰһۡ
ɰԪ۲⡣
ܭЦˣǸɰ壬ûУִ˵ŮģūƼ̽Цˡ
Ԫֺ꣬˰࣬һ
ŻʺʽӹĨһѣ̫ݣؼȥõ˲ϡ
ŻʺӹˮУ΢΢һЦҲá


64 ھޡ
Ȣ

˾Ԫ׿, Żʺְ칫
ƫϣһصװ, ЦŶ칫˵ӻ, ĹصôӷǰţҸ¶ġ
칫Ѿ֪Ů̫๬˵, ȵСŮ, ȵλʱͼܳ谮ȵŸ缴λ, ɶúݡ
Ŀ, ǾŸλǷġ
λ磬ҲڵľԪ, ûô֡
֪Ůڹ£ҲЦã̫̫Ҳˣؼҷŵ̫̫ȥ
ƽ, Щڵġ
¼ʱ, Ѿ˵ȣԸ˳Ϊ칫ƽˡ
ʺϸӣ칫ԵʶȤ, ǧл, ֻһŮڹ£˵ڼʱء
Ĳ, øҲ, ҿɲľͰѱͻؼȥ
˵ٻ, 칫㽫ŮӻؼңһŮһۣǵú£
ʺĻںС̫ôҪǵͺ
粻ȴǰˣƫƫɷŮǴ
ɷߵһ仰û˵֪Ƿ䱦ǻʺµ֣ôƽ
ۼԼҪϳȥסˣСɷףûսĸףֻǳһӡû˴򻵡
칫һӣεĹĹˣ޻˵
һָͷŮģñסͷ
̫ˣˡеľ˾ˣȻָһλʵۣһѻԼڹУˣֺŹ餶ûС
û˵꣬칫̾һ
ȴô룬һǾ˾ˣô˾ˣ㲻Ǹ˾أ
ȲôǰҰؼЩҪٸ˵ЩŵĻôʰ㣡
˵ŮھĴԵ¡
Ǽңѵ¸Ʒ큸ڶ͵͵ȥĸ׵ɫĸײŭɫ֪ûʲô
ĸΪεĹˡ
ԭǿҧŴԭھǣֻڷأȲء
칫ֱһƣûȴѱˡ
ĸף
̫ƽ칫
տˣÿһޣĸܻ޵ĸҲûһ䡣
Ҫǲ¶Ŵֿ޻ȥա
ҧסòײе̫ƽ칫Ůƿ㿴
ʲôԲ⡣
̫ƽ߶ڳﶼ㡰աȹʯ·Ļ
ɴȥͼŷ겻߲ǰʯ쳤˻Ĳݡ
ǰ
ˣ칫ڳУƳŮһۣջĿ⡣
ƱƲͷȥ
Ϊʲô˵Ҳ֪ԭͲܹڡŮϲǰۣ̽칫Ȼ֪ҴûǸ˼
ģǱְֻôôϢĶװſպÿ
Ӳᣬﶼס
ɡϹ۲ɣŹ㣬ĻӺãòã
䣬øЩ
큸Ůʲôƾʲô
뵽ֿ
칫ɵŮȥޣ۾ȵ۰ĹҲһûܼ޸޵ˡ
½ԥѱϢۣô˰գ
֪ˣʲôøˣ
Ĵȥּҹﲻʶ֣һȢǡЩǸʸּҡϰ֮ʲô
ͬһŮӼƽϡ۵յżʮѧȥ£Щӣͬߵýģ˺ü
ͬ˭ƽϣ
Ȼĸ֡
ȡ¬ţ¬Ȼȥ˶ԺдС£͸ţܿš
ƩѾʷԹٲƽŮϣּëƤ£˸˵ѾٲҲֻᱻá
ۻŸ¬ĪҪ꣬һۣʯ쾪þԪۼס
е㲦ԺʱԣȴǸԽύˡ
½ԥ뽫£¬
ۿ½ԥǾ仰żӼҲ²Ѿٳһ£ĸܼ
ڶʮˣƺʱȥ
µף㹻ȥҪˡĴȱ֣ۼĲ˿ãµȻҪˣҲµס
Ȫɱ˲ѪѽǾٶΰա
½ԥվҪߣۺסǵߡ
ôûã
ɫȻḡдС檵ĶӱȽϡ
½ԥ˾ߣôһ˻ѽ͵ٱּҾܴװա
۵½ԥԺŴϻȡ¸дֽúҶ֭ӽ¶
ǲǡ
Ÿһͷбʮ߰˾ɻҶʫ
һҡͷᣬԼĪǾֽÿԲдŸġ
ִӢǰ
ջ¯ƵģڲеţȴһһСִ̫֪Ǳǰĺˣϱ衣
ϸմմá
ܶ˭Ҳ֪ټҪ˵õĻڵ򼱡
ִȵܲסС̫Ҳûӣллûֻմһȵٶ࣬ȫ˺ˡ
󲽽ȥ˵ǰԪ۵Ŀɨֻɰϡ
ɰŮģ
ִϽ죬Ҫõƥ˵ģû뵽»ĺɰͷһͷǳŮġ
ôһһû壿
Ǻֵܰٲִǳ̾ôԶܿôϸ
ŮŮѰɰһ£˵͵ֺɰáһɰִͱȱҪһˡ
ÿûԲ衣
ԪЦƫƫڵŴٵĳǣЩͷ٣Щһִۡлʥ¡ֻ¡
˵ҵĶɵף
ִв֪ˣʵʵش𣺡ǣҵɣס
֪ǰ̽ĵӡһ䡣
ִиͲ֪˭Ԫۿ̧һŷëʣ֪ģ
ִҡͷ
ԪԣһִдǰδǣڳݲСȻʶʲôˡ
˵䣬ִбѴȶҲ˵ˡ
³Ԫۿܭ
ܭ֪Ԫ۵⣬ʱصִ˵ʱڹ١
Ȼδڹ٣ɱ㲻ύּҵģѵδ֪ɣ
ִ˵ʲôԼһ䣺ǣ΢¶ʮ˵õĹٶ⵽λǰ㣬ҵˡ
ʱԪȫ
ھûУǡƷƷϱɴھˡ
ִĿɿڴܭִˣϽлš
ִŹڵϣʵʵڸԪۿͷǱ׿ڴ͵ھѵõ棡
ٿġ
Ԫ۰֣ƲϽ
ܭЦǰִһѣִлκôô˶䣿
ֱӢţִлڷ£ǡʲô˼أҪҪɣ
ȰϢ߰ȥھˣ
ģһѧͻϢѦ⣬ͷһɢ¸߰
һİƣôĴϲ£÷Ǯùٵʱ򣬼ˣÿ˷һǮҲǸҲһǮ
óҼˣһһС硣ˣ˵ʱӲôܳأȻҪˣ
ӢҲǴϲĨᣬȥ磬û⸣Ҫڸöá
̣ⲻǺ¶ʲôˣҪȥ㣬ձȥȶ£ϲ¸
λܻõģֶĹٸú
ھͲһˡ
дŸеĺѣһ⣬һ⣬Ҳһз⡣
ǲִȥ۲


65 ϲ
Ȣ

ּϲ, ִнúܡ
ЩӸûЪʱ򣬲ʱ磬Ǹġһ, ȥһǲ, ȥʵæײӵ, ֪ѡĸˡ
ִвʤ䷳, ɴڼװ
ֲǴ, ˡ
ִоЩ, бԭ
һΪ磬ۼ̫, ִеù۵ָ㣬֪ˣ׼ûк¶
ղ¸ߵýִмؿȰ, 仹ڽ, ֵȴȴǰˡ
Щһ⣬˵ҪŮ׼ңЩ˿Ĵʶ, ִжȥ
û, ͸ҿʲôģ¡
ִнЩЦڷ˵Ů
⼸ʵ̫ȣҲȲ, , Ӵٸ, ʮֿθ
ִڼңǴٲģôȵҲɸһͣ˷ͷԡ
ϻƤģͷʱͻ룬ͷͷζʮ㡣
ÿ緹óͷʱըСӣʱϺͷ⡣
ԼˣָѾɳӣ˭Բ
ֻһ߽һ̾ǿǷˡ˻Ǻӵʱ򣬼һŴôǷ
ٶٶԣǲ淢
ϳ˻ûԹҲҪͷ
Ԥڷ۵ˡ
С˽԰Уִʣôˣ
Ҳȣ˰ּô÷
ԭִЩӰ̫࣬ȫѹ鷿֪Ҫ
ǶҲһüҵĹš
һͬȥѡŮǣйһ֮Եգλᣬն࣬ȥɻġ
ʱڵУֻǵһıĹԲǱ֪ƫƫ˼ҵдúܿ
Щ秣ЩǴ׻Ҳ˵ʶ֡
ȫݣݵı棬ЩӶܵ
˵ھ˵ڼΪ˳ó
ͷãͰ˵
Ųƽ˵ѵС£úóԷŸأ˵ġ
ۼȻˣǱһ³Զٱ㷹
ɽƽػں࣬ȻͳͷͷʵȣЩʡ
¿ӣԸӣȥҪ
۸Ǯܳôٺ÷ˣԾöչЩǾ嵭Ĳˡ
Ю˿ǰŵСˣǹϸһڣüͷ΢ûԹġ
ˬ㣬֥ͼӴװˣ㣬Щζ
۳СӣͿԣü˼ҪҪʲôϡ
ˣҪǲʣǲ˵˰ա
˭֪𣺡ʲôϸҴûԹ
죬볷ȥѾˡѶǵ񻨵СϣʹûмôСĶϡ
·ֳΪ˳ԣΪʢõġ
ǵҰɶϸ˵ˣһҲķС顣
ɶϣԡ
ǹϸƤһǳʣµƤ
ǰİ취ϲףһܳԵĶŲ˷ѣȽȿԿգٰͷƤ
һǳ̹Ƥθһ磬ȥ裬ųҪˣܳųԣͷҪǼӵĩһĺòˡ
۱ڹӼУҲûԹªĲȡ
̾һţ⻰ͷһͣƤḮҲԵƤӻ̳˰ӡ
ͣ粻ΪԵϣҲûеúܸɾµĺȿõˣġ
˭֪ۿڵϴ䱾ҩģζȣܽⷳʣպֻԭ֪ôԡ
̼װԼֻǰ裬Ϊֺּҹֻ˵óڣ
˵һҲ֪Ҵʶ˵ûѿġ۾һ䣬̲סۣĲס
ǳּеϻ۹ˡ
һ仰Ѱִж˵ÿ
ִл˻ϻӣһǿǼҵĲ䷽ǿǶһݵģ
˵˵ţִֿʼл£εĲ°ˣ氢ھģ˭֪ûȲ°ɣ״͡
ʱͬҳ˵Żʺ´޻»׿˵ʺһޡ
ǰ˵Ҳ˵˻ϵ£䲻д˵óϹңܶ೶ҳ˵ġ
ѵӢ˵ʲôȫۡ
ҲΪ£½ԥĹùڻʺей˵Ǹɰ¡֪Ϲ˵Щ졣
ϱӣͬܭûʲôԣֻ֪ܭӲ̫ӺͶ֮һĸԪۡ
һϵ˴£Ƿ겻
ɱڱ˵һ̫ˣҪʿ
Ҳ۲֪ܭĳǷ֮ʮû빬ΪūֱֵӴ˱ֱ˴λ
۶ܭľҲɴ˶¼뵱
ܭûԼ·ĸλù
ʱʮʥģ̫ӻʮܼ̳дλܭ䲻ǰãȴҲܵøա
Ϲ˵ģǱ޷
Щأִü
ȫȥȻסǿɾͰ˶ˣ룬̫룬ִ˵ȥ
Ϸ壬ȥ
˼ȥǽʺ¸ִУֻ˵˴αǱô
ղ¸ʵ࣬ȴ֡
ƽȷʵ˲ŲãиĵھӸλЩˣЩƽǶۣͬϺүˣٻڡ
ϵͬһ㡣
ŻʺĻдƷִУͷ
һǶϲ˵ģֻñ֪¶ѡ
ܭϰִкһժǸ顣
¹̫£Ҫ֮װͿҲܽȥʵڲף˳ϹĻ˵
ð붮ȥһ䣬Ǽ©ˡЦˣһǰﱣӵء
˵ֿۣ˵ǳʲôģ¿µа˰ٶӡ
ûĻŲɣƽջŻʲô£˰СͷƸĲģǲŵùң沮ټһλΣ
ͷģȲ֪ˮƽΣҲ֪ϸΣԼ˲ŷġ
áִЦú㣡
ейԱСȥ죬̯£ܹܣ˵ҪҸˣ⡭ûҴӦô
ް˵Ѿѡ˶գּֿҾԼ̫ҪټּҾյ
ľȥŻʺأʤ
ǵиϵ˸ߣܰġ
˵꣬һͼ۾ס۱סһʱ֪˵Щʲôá
٩٩̸ʱһҲ˵
ִпۣٿվҳԱˣȥ˵˳ȥֻ۸С
Ҳ˵űߣ룬ִҲ̫Źˡճűߣִ˸˵Ҫ๫ҽУǾͽȥ
̻ȥ
ͼֹﶢԼҹӣԼҹӸͲ
ɡ۾ϴת˰ΣۿöʣȻʣǲϲңϲʲô˵˵ա
ָһƳĶû˾Ź
ǲǲ֪˵ʲôã룬ٸʵף˵˵ͷؼңʲô
ֹ׿ʱǧ˼ֻټЩʲô
ͷòŵ룬۾
ǵ˵Ļ˰벽
̸ּҹ˫κ죬Ʋ˹ȥ


66 
Ȣ

ִǰȥ, Ȼȥ˻Կοİ, 
, ˣͷҪģ涯, Ҳɵġ
û, Ƭ̲, Ȼ˵ҹ, һ仰ͽּҹ˵졣
ֻõͷЬ
ֱ˳̧ͷһ, Ǵ
ִлۣɣǲǾУ÷ǳ˼ѵǾƾͷˣ
ٿŮҲ죬еˡ
ҿ, , ˡһ˵һȷ磬ɿˡ
ִнʲô˼ҵأ
ߵִǰһҾСֶȸ, 沮ټ, վϵ
˵һҾ뿪ּҡ
̸ڹһСܣӦ˰գǲǵ, Ҫλٷˣ
ָ, ˴ž˳һ·ǰ, һֱߵֿڡ
̺üûֱһ£ӣġ
˨ּҴſء
ŻȻɲסŲȣ̣ȥǣ
ֻһСŻȥǣּͬҵŷֵͷִкּҵŷЦ๫ʲô¶ܰˡ
һ·ȥֱ嵽ҡ
Ѿͷݶڸ£²Ҫ廨ҶӣֻҪͺô
סݶѲ廨ǶߵģȥȲ廨ֻƴɫɫͬĲƴһӡ廨Ҳÿ
Ÿƴһߣøݿ
޵ɫúãž졣
Ӵʣ˰Ǯ𿴰ʲ࣬Ǯĵطɲ٣һһʶüϡ
ôֱͨͨһԲңڴϡ
Ѿͷűɴˣ
վͷʣҪҪ÷Ǹġ
һµҪһ
ֲǳԾƣܳһͣӸıʣƿӣôˣոճԳˣ
ҡҡͷڴͷϣɡ
ԽԽԾǲ˷ˣȥͷҲ̣Ҳ죬Ķ̵ģѽ淢˰գ
̣Ļÿء
ˣҲϽüǲһ·ܻҪҪʵ
֪ⲻ˷磬ֲ˼ͬ˵ҾˣȵӾͺˡ
÷һȾͷˣٸһ롣
û¶
ѾͷΧǰҡͷû£
ݻ˷磺ͱҹˣأһҹʲôҲտš
ʮֺ˯ʱȰ˯û죬ֵҹǰֵġ
ϰ⣬ģݣӡ
ѾֽţðУڴգ۾໰Ҫʵģôһ䣬ȫأ
ۻصӼ࣬һ·ȥӼʱԶ
ʵԼҲ֪ô˵Ǿ仰ȷʵǾʵ
ϱӼһǺ״Ѿˡֻǵ»鵱ҹδ
Ը⣬ȻҲǿ
һϲºϲ⡣
ǸһꣿТһġ
̲סǧԸԸ⣿
Ժſӭӣ΢죬һ䣺ɽôѽ
˵£飬ҵȥһˣӺ͸ȥּҵ
ס˾ӣŴӦδоٵģЩɴھУѡ˹ٵĽʿǵĻš
ʱʮù꣬ȵΣھѡ˹٣ٵˡ
Ⱳ۹;ͬڼңΪּá
֪ˣǰ¹ȥһ˻úôЩеľ飬ļλǰϵ͵ġ
һӻԤ˱ϣ黹ҪеĻţû뵽ΪּԤŵġ
д˷ţһϡ
·ҵסСԺߵСףˣϲɫͷǿסϲ⡣
ֱȥͨ
һ۱֪ڼҵѾá
ǹδ˵¶ɲһ˿ĵǳխСԺС
ڰеĳˣе£˲ס۴顣
ģҪˣһɤͦ󣬿ȴмӾôխС
ֻţԺУ˿
С׳롣
ţؾؽӵŷϡ
Ҳдü֪вŸɣټָ̫Ʒٵִ˵
дԣҲ˵Щż֪¶оų档Ȳ֣ˡ
˼ּҵĹϵЩԽԽȻӦʡ
˻ֱָȥסַϣһ⹫дţŵīûȫɡ
ִʶֲ࣬õż֪Ҫø׶ýϽѧʵ
컹ûȥͱе
ֽһһԭдţӴ׻
ִû뵽¶һʱ͸ˣۻᡢһ顣
ܹҳֽдƽھסЩӣͬ˭йд
һ֪ȷʵϸ̽
ִдִϲҪûܸɵ¶ɾԽԽˡ
ţʣҾͽʰȥˣ鷿ݣǶûסˣŸ׶ٸСˡ
˵£ˣҲˡ
ԼĪּ֪֪ôĻţҳֽһС㣬дÿ¸ӣҪα
ģǵʮҪˣǾͰҲһµ㣬ȽµӺﱸ¡
ֲȥݷãϴҾߣԤ
ʱ׳ȥӣٵԤ硣ÿ¶뵽ˣ˵꣬ͼס
ôˣ
ִźӣŮһţ꣬ȷʵǳˡ
ɣ㵽ûУҲûˣִиɴˡ
Ϻθȥôʣֲ˼
ӸŰģ䣬ôô¾Ȼ
ֱ׳һֲ󷽷ҵٿ
úÿﵱǿҺþãֱϵͷ˵ҵףҲŸҵš
ִʱѾһӣΪ˵ףѺӹˣ棬ԼԵúЩ
ʦҲͰ⹫۶һƣûϳ
¶ˣꡱһЦ˵ˣƺҪ㵱Ů˺ţǰ·ɱ˸ҧ𣬲Ҫȥ
ִϲ£죬°룬úúøĸ쳡¡
Ȱݳһס˰һǣۣԭ첻ͬ˵ʲôˣ
ҡͷ̲סһ£㣡


67 
Ȣ

, һ磬椸ֱųָ
ģġ
ǰ, ںͷ, ּˡ
ˮΪΪγ, Ϊϱ
סڳǶĽ, ̫ƽ֡, ֪һѫ˼ӡ
ּ䶼סڳ, Ҳһšҿдּ֣ס
СڳǶ, ļео̻źɴסͷƣ˵ؾǶĲͬ
ԶѾҵĳ, ֪Ǻ, ǰ
䲻ǵϱ١
۵ǴСģҲֱͦ˼̬ѡ
Ұ·, ǰ, Ǹ˹ģȲ˾Ҳһʼϡ
ҲԶƼۣǰ, ͷ̽, ˼, ȵ
۲ԣף롣
Ҫ۹λƷףǴӰƷƷȷʵߡοǿˣһֺη
ֻóԽԽڳûñƿݱҲһ˲гŶ·ϣǳе¡
ݱ׻˵ǻһλǲȵˣ
ҵνڸǰƼٿӳĴ椡
椴ñɴǰ˳ź񡣺һۣôЩˣ
ͣ£½ȥӭɣ̸ߣ鷿㡣
һ۾Ȼּҵϱ˵ȴҪ⽫뵽鷿??
˵ʲô
ȷñϵɴһֱϥϣڵʵʵ
ͷűߵţǰ񣺡ɻңǹӭ
ͷҼǵãݡ߼Ѿͷǵرݣ̸ֹƴҳ
迴ɫӣҲ˵źġ
۱֪ݵѾͷĸý̧֣üһۡ
ճ³ʤˣһһѰ˺üطѰӣһңˡ
ԷǺǱصУ³ʤһˣ´ʵҵˣ˭
ãССⷢ˱ʲƣ뽫ȥ
һõģ˹ˣʲôϱӣûһҵģⶼǵڼõˣ
³ʤһ糾ѹͲţ۳³ʤؽ𣬶һֲ¶³ʤ˳ȥ
˵СⷢˣõˣǰһҪöࡣ
һģ䴩˲ȴǳģЬ涼µģһ۾֪ǴҸūͣ¡
յģЬӴԵϣʲôģһҪֶˣ
³ʤ˵ģһǹߵĳ档
·ܸģ̬Ѹġ
ǿɵùԸĲСҪ͸һǰȥƿɾͶˣݳﶼȥ
³ʤת˼죬Ҳһ
תֵʱƣִǶʱ˶ˣȥˡﲻڣȥһͬˡ
汻иϵӣһ³ʤõģ̾ϢҪ£ɲ͹Բˡ
Ҿͼһ棬ǸͷǶҲǰ׳԰׺ȵģЩ˻ġ
Ҳͷ¶͸Щ
ǸѾͷһ˹һƾʶĶֶģϳҲϺȣӶûҹͰתˡ
ǲã
ʮˣ治֪ʲôļģ
ҡ
³ʤȷʵŻ
۵һ۽ץסһüͷôأʹ𰢱ߵѾˣ
Ѿ뵽ڣʣأûУ
ݽأĪҪȽĹӶ
Ϊ˰磬ݴչ֣˺Щݶ㶼ûĵġ
ϱߵȷټ˵һ䣬˵ǴϱģҲΪݶھǳģݵĹٻ˵úˣܻЩ
?ӻѧ˵ֻû취ŵô͡
㻹ʹӣôĹٻ˵ã㻹Щ׼ʱ򣬹һ㶼ûС
ھǳĹǣ˵ûֱ
̷˸үĹٻҪһЩ
ЦˣȻˣǾס֣һƬǾǸˣɲСͻ˵
ǰֵˣӾǴȥˣǼϡ
ӻȥģǶǶȻҲѧü񡣲֪ĻΪǾˡ
һסˣݵƵףʪأ˽԰ʳһ춼벻ӵġ
˵ʱ򣬷˺üҳôһٷܲա
˶û⣬ֻмʶ
ǼĹٸˣҪȥ򺣻ɽҲܵźõģɫζ¹򡣡
ѰЩҪֻҪɾС
óˣڵĺϻ˼
ҷҶԣõѩ⣬һﰮԵ鸯ƤóõҾƺͺɻơ
µģٲǾ¥õģҲ¾
ˣ椸Ȼǳ⣬ֶзȡ
õľӦĲϣȥףпͷҪʣҪͷ
Ҫա֭
游ʡϱ߿˼ҶôС
ԣζ嵭һ֪Ŀζ
зȾ͸Щǳзʱз̫Ǿ»ƣͷСƶ١
ззȫˣԳȴףֻѹ
ɻԼ԰гģӺзׯͷģõҲǴժ԰õ壬Լյġ
⼫ˣ˵ʱֱ죬˿
͸źã򱡻໨ǮǳּеҪеģ͵Ȣϱ
дʰһ£١塢顢ڳһƿɻǳɴӾǲúˡ
һްʰúã¡
۽ͷţҲһˣϻؼΪ½ԥԼԷͷҲûϴͷ͵ķ
ʱٿֻһЩɫˣݵģ·𻹳Щ컹û졣
ЦŸѽѧԷءһֻ֣椶Щ죬ܳͳ⣬ͷԡ
ʱԱˣͲˡ
ǵԷô
ôûѣĹɴأôƯĺ죬ԭӴˡ
ҡΣӶģôȵ죬˭ѽ
ǰʮﴩĶˣ
椵ûסŰӣĴյߣңģ
ϸ֮仹ûúÿһƾ֪á֬֬ʽҲҲν𣬴ӡ
ȹЬϻ÷ƣЩǡ
˵׷ʡ
ûأݽ
̧ͷֻһۣסˡ
°͸ڴ椼ϣ֪椿ɵˣһ§ס̾˿˰գ˼ǸǡȻɡ
˵ɿ椣վӭ飬޺ϡ
椲۵Ķƣһ¾뵽һģ̲סڿڣüЦ
ŻعԭǸЩĹټҵĹѧģǼҵҪǸȣǾǼ
һƨɼ
ʲô
Ҫϵ˵ܡõˡ
Ц죬ȴ룬ĺѣȻͬҲмƴ
ȣĳ̫Сܷۣ˵Ϸ
磬ˣ
ʣɫЩڡ
ҡҡͷֲлԸ˵Ҹȥ鷿
ּѾˣÿ÷Ҫ䣬˵鷿͸ǺĶһ
ǲϣǶϣͷͷ
ô䣬˵ȷвŸɵġ
ձ̸ִָеһص٣Ǯʦүʦү²˹ϽǮдšұ㵱ҵ
Щӣִ㲻װˣļʲôӣӦԣ£Ҫϸ¡
Ѿ֪ԼױܵˣҲ֪ͷ̽ףҲ֪ǲģ
ҪģҪˣ
ֻۣû磬椿һҸȥ㰢ˡ
갢Ļźǳ̧üһɨ
ԭ椵ĸ磬Ҳϲ
ǲȻȥ˭ѽΪ⣬ڽӻ飬֪֪ҵټλʦүˡ
Ȼ֪ĸҲ֪˵䲻ЩͷΪٵ£游ǶſҲʶܶõˡ
Ҳˣ̽׵ġ
ʱ࣬ͷȥ˰ڵˣ㞋ûôƯյҲúɻѣҶΪ̣ҰȤ
һȥ椿żɽҸס
г˿ǰ͸ǣˣҸҲˡ
˵ָء


68 
Ȣ

һʱ, תҵĴʳ
˵ĸúã̽ɣ˵λߣƷǱȴӰƷǸôһ㡣
֪, ӼĹԱƷײ, ȴ
ôŴ椣üͷϱȥ, ɫ֪ʲô, С, סЦ⡣
˼
Ťͷ, ͼ椺Ц
عͷ˱ֶӡ椰Ҳ벻Ĵ, ̾˿ϣˣǿЩ
粻ô, ð̽ӸЩ
ʱϲϴ, ð޸磬ȴ㹫ʣö԰С
Ȱģ, ͼϸķʽͶˣʲô͸ôֲ񡣡
ˮ, ֵʲôǮΪִһ̧ɫˮִѩϣִҲǰ͵ġ
ֺǺǰһ, ܴú, ٺҲûˣ
˵ȥȥ
鲻䣺ֻ, ߡã˵ʻˣĵʵĽ椰ȥڡ
ߵԶĵطҲǾ۱£ϻ˵ôľǣʮĽ
ʲô߾Уʱһ㣡
¼ﲻȥҧסҸ˵˵һȥòãҿ϶鷳
ٿ죬Щӣ˵˵ʲôð
˵϶ã
Ǵ椽ӵģɼȻˣС¶ܲŰҪ治ţǲ绹ա
ôȱֻ¶һ˫۶ס
ĳԵסǡ˵˵
۱ִ뵽鷿һûкΪˣִлС
֪ﲻʹ죬ԼУԵʲô룬Сȥ졣
Ҳ֪ڿο͡ЦһͶ̽ɺãѾͨҪһۣĶã
οҡ
ǰս£鷳ͳˣǵǵһڶҲۡ
ּҲ֪ɣԣ֪Ѿڸˡ
ƽģɴ಻˵ˣԵ£˵ƼһȺѫӵ¥ȥˣ㲻һֵطô
̸ƫңƫңҲðͷ
ȢߣǱȥȻƣҪģ֣ͷһͬ⡣
ǣ˾̫࣬һƵġ鷿һҰ¡
ʲô¶ûҹ
ԭѣȥȻܲšֻҪи׵˼¥·ҲУ
Ǵ椵¶ҲȫǼٻ
ʹ˵Ǯ˻Ȧʶ½ԥ½ԥȹؾơ
һΪ˴椵£˵Σ֪½ԥཻ꣬̽̽顣
һԾƣϯи竺ȵð½ԥ̽̽ɸ죬һΡ
ۣƺһļӻЩƫŰѵбڵϡ
⻰ЦЦ˵һۡ
½ԥִյһЦЩǻȥѶ̧
Ƕʱţľ񣬿信ʳ˼̻
ôȡЦϲ˵ʲô
ȵ˺ȵҡҡλγȥ֣ںͷòˣһŽ߽أٶڣѾơ
һƻڴߣ·û뿪
˱ְ˽̳ԸŻˣʯ̦ˤȥġ
½ԥһۣƼ͵ȥģϱ˶æңֻƱʾ⡣
Ҳӣһ
½ԥЩ˼
椵£½ң
ڿءԭǲմֵģóǾ͵˼﷢ŭҵשضҪ
˵½Ҳû֮
½ԥ˽־˲
½ԥߵˣ½˰ŵģһѺѣȾʮͣϣþ¥ȥĸҪǮ
ҲƳˣ½ԥĸǮĴѣô
һ˴붼ףʵ½ԥʱֻҡͷҶ꣬ףĻô
ȵãܵҲܵȣһ˵ҿ˵ֳ̼ܵҵŮ̼ûӦ
ֲϴλؼң밲ʱϳݣԭûɡ
½ԥ֪ĸҪڵģдӡ˼˭ϽŮ޽
½ôҲٲ½ԥԼƲ
ܻһŲˣǴ룬ĸҲ̸ͷŲ˼ҡ
Լ˿ͷſСʶ½ԥһ¶
û뵽椳һ£ѽ㣬иˡ
أͲ氢ûзˣڻûĶ
ۼѧʶ˼ֱ޿ޡ
Ҳֻһӷжͨ
סеģԭڳݣҪǲ˾ЩСӣҲ;Ϳˣ¶׵úܡ
¶
椳Ծƣ磬Сȴ
椺Ƚ𻪾ƣһСҾƣҲҶϻˣĸ׶Ҫѵġ
ˡô˵꣬ˡ
һСһСţȴһһ󱭵ĺȣҲûС֪ϻԤľˮֻġ
Ҳ֪ľòã·ţֳûʲôġ
ԭѧвƣТؾƶմġ
űӣ椵ĸòãҪҪֳҲأ
ˣڰ˯£ǲ޵ģ߸Ҳ
ȥͷɽˣҹЩ˾ƴҪϵϱ޵Ķ
ĶôˣڿڱЦ
ϵᣬָͷ˰컹û꣬Լϵˣȥ
ڷۡ
ȿֿãףûô
鿴۰ָͷ
ſڱɣ
ôҲЩƣƣȻҪѾЩ⡣
ܲҲȥԣ
ѰڰͱȰҪͷڰ΢ͷͰԸȫˡ
С󣬱ûֳҪ󣬶һסǰԺһסլټ棬е硣
͵ҹһӰҡҷӳ۵
۾ⷭӿ
Цɡ
ǷŶ˼ƣǾᵱôЦġ
ЦԾҲЦ׷ʣòãͺ˰գ
á
鲻ҴӰ̽ͷֱ࣬ԭԭġ


69 ̫
Ȣ

ʮ³, ԪϽء
ȻҪȥءڣЩһֱѹŲ£㲻ѹˡ
չȥһλҪ, ʲô԰гһ, ֻһأԪŭ
˸, ɲ, Ԫֳʧְ
Żʺ֪Щӷ, Ĺٽ, 䶨ܺŸ̡Ϊ, ЩӶǰδ󹬡
Żʺȵգȥ롣
Ԫʺ룬Щ, ǰͷæʱ, ʺǴӲģЩʳ
ܭ
Ԫô죿úðһ죿˾أôû
ϰģˣǲ, ֻ˵һ, ´Ӧˡ
ԪۻȻ¶ˣҵˡֵǸðһô򱡲ӡ
Ƚǰ¸, Żʺȥ
ŻʺѾ²Ⱦˮ, ڹе, ӭȥ
Ԫʣô̫û٣أҲûأ
ͶعˡŻʺЦϸģأȰҰ쳡磬ûͷô徻ľͺܺá
¶û꣬пܡԪ̫ӣҲһգҪޣĶҲҪޡ
ǺӡŻʺһ£˼ǽӵëԪ£õ磬ѾůӣҲЩůůӡ
ԪȷҲûɳԶٷǰһɣȺƬԣ⵹ڳݳԵĺá
ŻʺֻЦԣǵ⣬Ȼõġ
˸۵£˵ϢԼĶӾ֮һźʣʾʲô˼
Ȼǲϡϵλֻȵ׷̫ӡ
Żʺͬ˵ʱֻˣЦ⣬һɨӣɱȥͷ
֪ʵ˼Ϊβ˵
¶ó裬㸸Լᡣ
˵ˣ绹ûأ㼱ʲôŻʺ˺ܾã̫̫һδᡣ
̫һ£̫϶̽Ŀڷ硣
˾ǣߵ˵ˡ
ҪżŻʺŶӣʵ
ÿζ仰ö룬оͳճ˾ǻһ޽
Ͻ죬Ҳϸ񽻸̫ӣôܲ
ĸǹСˡ
ӦУصĻţ˽¶
صԽԽ࣬Ӽ඼ѧ˽ۡ
дŸѧвҪ̸۴£ձжˡʢ£Ļˣ¾ǾԪеһ̡
½ԥ˽ۣ̫գ
Ȼ£ּˡ
ʵ۵̫ӣ
ԡ
˵ġ
ھϺȶˣ¥˶ӡһߵѧ£һ˵ЩЩա
Ҿ벻ҲɰĸʳСĴײɣ˵ǣֶ½ԥӲ˵ܵܡ
ҿǿڴտա϶ͷĻǺȲˡ
׬ûࣿҲǺ֪½ԥɱʣԺﻨʮ
Ѿɴܵ˽
ЩҲЩҵףǮǮû취˽
ǮҲУɽҲУɲȥžծծӡǮ곴ûȣ»ϷžծĹԱ̰ͼǮҲ֡
֪˵ЩǮҪծԶԶ㣬㵱˶Ǯһӣƽسٺ»Ǯ
ĸѾ˽ԺȥˣʲôȻҪһ͡
ҿмܲ½ԥΪģ۾ûǮʵġ
кѣҲȥ졣˵ģЩӲǮûǮٳš
˾Ϳϱˣ̫֮һλꡣ
׼˱µ⣬¾ԪֻȺǴӶ˵
İա½ԥ˵꣬ˣиյĽ죬ϲʶҸּ죬ϯȹξơ
⣬ܻĽϢ
Сģɼ½ԥǲоԹ
һЦֻ档
ûаҸּ׵¸½ԥ½ԥΪˣЩɲ˵
Ҹּ׵ϢһؼҾˡ
˼ˣеĶϱһбȥˣôã
ҵĻˣǴС֪֪׵˼ңһأּôŮ˵׼ΪʵݣŮ޽ҡ
бǩţĸüüĸĪҿҿġ
еһĻϷ̡
ٶģһδ׵Ĺ˵
ĶҲ˲öƣѶӽйּ֪֪ˣ
ۺ˼յ裬˼־⣬֪ΪθȺΪλĿ
ϱϲô
ǣּҳµʱΪûԮ֣ʱɻûй¡
Ϊϱʱڣּһʥ죿
ҾΪʲôû֣Ǳ㲻Ϊǡ
ô룬ȴô룬óѻóǵʹʹʲôԡǸ;գĶľ롣
Ҫ£סˡ
ۿĸæµ˼ûͨŵ¸ĸף˾ḡ
ҲĸףٽϳϷ
ֻ棿½ԥô˵Цһ㻹ңҶˣͲż
ڰ£ױ֪ĪȻҪϸһʹЩл
Ҫּף˻˹ý
ɨһ۰ϵСϻϻרԤģʳдСϻѾˡ
֪Ǵң˵ڴ㡣ָ
½ԥסңʲôԼʲôҴģ
˹ӣȴ˵ˣ˵ǣҵĹʡӣˡ
ĩʱ࣬Ԫյۣˤ˳ȥβܭѹŻӦʡ
ŵ̫֮ᡣ
תͷ̫ӣ˵Ͻϸ׵
һ£ȴδüͣԼǰˣȴʧʥġ
ͷ׷ţȫ֪ż¡ƤСˡʳԤźù졣
˼ƤӣѩëǶװڡ
ʮɽúܣװǶëݶ˶ñ̶һȦëߡ
ߴ϶ñ̤ѥӣ仹ޣ־Ӣ
һ£Լڽɫת˸Ȧëסֻ¶һ˫۾
һİƣϷ̨ϵ¹Ӣ
ˣóĹȻŰգҸһ˴һƤ
˵ˣһһůͲ
չӣԼҲþúܡ
̲ס룬ɿ磬˵ʲô
ܲ䵽ҪȻʱ򣬾һֻӸ


70 
Ȣ

´, ｻۡ
нǰ߿ԪУ, ѫڶ
һ·츻, 
һ쵽£ϵŶ̶, ƤСѥ, ͵ȲҪɽӡ
ڶǰ, һ, ǣȵһ˹ȥ, תͷȺѰӰ
Ŀһ۱㽫ϳ
ڴϣһñס, ںڷ费ǰ, һ˫۾ĹˣµµĴת
Цڰ࣬ͬ, ֲ֪˵ʲôá
ʱһپ仰ͬ˵, һֶ
Ĺϣǰӵߵÿ죬ԽԽ, ˳ǲܼС, ܿ, ŤͷƼ
ôͷˣǲҪô
̵ĳ֮һдŰѻʵΰŵģˡְҪв
뵽䣬Щȣһպй⣬ҲƲ
ǡģϡں
һۣϣҺء
ͷŶһִۣŰĿͶô椣š
˵뿪
椴ӱͷߺ߳һָľһ⣿ⶼûȢϱأûá
ĳȺд磬Сһ󣬾ٵתͷȥ
ôɽ·߲ߣ
ڳУϵ˺ӣϣǾЩҪйͺˡ
ͷȥԣƼʲôúܣڳеܡ
ҲԤȫƿʳУݱ׻Ԥ˼÷ӣŲͺһš
ֽסи㳢۽ӡ
ǰһЩȥ椵Զ簢ôܵĳдû
˸ۼӣңֻҺŲȥװ̫һڶ¡
ˮǰǰشûһӵĹǶ֪иµĹ˵á
ʣ˭ҵĹôû
ٳŽʣھ죬ʶȴࡣ
ȴĸ׾ڳУɢģһ۾Ƽڳдеģ³Թӿͷ
칫˳ŮĿ⿴ȥƳһۣ˼ˣûľ£Ͱ͵Ϸ߳ס
Ϸ˳أǸڼҵľʿ첻Ҫ˯ǰҪΣһʮ죬ڡ
һͷƤ飬һۣ߷߷³
ͷƽʲôӼŪֲĸ֪
˱ͷһ̳㳵Ҳǹһҵģ
ڳУ澶˲ƳĿ͸ɴڰ˼ء
ⱳˣ
һӵ֪ҪҪһʣ
ɴϸŮӣװϸԵϸȳٿȣۣͷʵ
Ըȥ
һΪѣŸշԸˣǡ˵ܸԵģǹ죬һ˻¡
ԿһۣӲҲֻ뷨ȥ
мƽϣŮŵǰ쵣ɹëȴëϣأһԣѰ
ֻҪѰһµû
֪עĿʱժЩּĻ͸顣·ҰҰʲôÿֻѵó棬ֺ
ǻУһȥɻǩָ㡣
ôһ·浽й
ɽھǽ⣬һƬǻʼԳɽйԪҪԣɽҲΧðɽŹˡ
һ㲻ۣͷʮ㣬ʱŹɽ
ɿɫףסЪЪȽɽǾΧӺ
ݶɽԪۻʱԣŰͰɽ
ݵɽɱȾǵҪҪգԶԶȥơԱڵСɽ
ֻǻСֻڰϣҪ
߰ˣҪٴĶͺˡ
ЪϢʱ򣬰ͬ˵ԼСʱԵ¡
öһ࣬Ӿʵˣһһֻء
ѩ׵Сöô۾Сӿɰ
ģɽëɫӣֵ˼Ǯǡúܡ
ݱʹӣ̫๬Щһڣͷشţʲô
Ǳ½ɽˡ˿ӣһ꣬ɽ֮ǰҪȴţҵôһء
ǻﶼˣ
һ֣ɽſɶأҪݸߣҪ˶ĵطϣžǴѶ
ľ£ɢɽУŹǳ⡣
ǲżȽɽĶŴȥǸںͷͳɡ
ͷسɽ·š
ֺ˼һžúЩ
װѥӣⱲҲû磺ĽöĽˣǵֳϴǳǶңôðֵͷġ
ǣ˭ûиء
Ҫܼ޸ֳֳ԰˳
װϣȵĵҲԳˬֻʵϸסҴߡ
סڼˡֻǿﻹС
椸ȥˣһȦҲûŴ椣Ƚɽȥ£˸ŵġּС˸ţۻ̺ͳ³ʤɹ
һ߰˸˽ɽһ·ϱ˵ˣȸƲһֻ
һ̣û
ȥֲ飬Լ˵ˣȥһҰա
³ʤ̻ɫʱҸֹա
㣿ɨһۣЩƲ׻ܰæԣ
ѰŹҲҲ

鿴һ𾪵ӣ̲סֳ˵Ȼˣգǿ
ҲˣԭּҹΪҹӼ粻ֲܿţ
ӼоУ˶Ҫ䣬ǹ궼Ǽ׵ȣǰ
Բ۶治֪ԭ˲Ƕ鰡͸żˣԵﵽǰ԰԰ڵģһĴҲܶ࣬Ͷˡ
п˺ڣ˵Ҫֻġ
յţǲǰЦˣ
һ򣺡ǰȥ
żһĶӣǰȥ
̸Ͻϣɲܵ˹ӵͷּҵСҲǰ׷ϡ
ɽ䣬е˴ûһݴϤ졣
𹭼׼ݴһۿ˻ûԼȥ
һӣֻɽβëȥëӡ
Ͻӵϡ
뷭죬ǰ˼ˡ
ΪǸס
ɽԣȻñƳһۣŽŵţԾΣҪߡ
˵ּˣ
Լϲڶмһʱû
ּõͽޣֻǵʱ˵òúϲ졣
ԼִУѾЪ˼ôŮܹϲ족Ѿѵãøոǡ
ȾдּŮòɵʱ򣬴ԲмȢΪʲôǻ׵úܣǺһ߲
ûһŮ˼
ֱɽּͷٴζ
ķ̬ôƫƫôࣿ
ʶ®ɽĿһʱͷ綯
üŨ续˫Ŀˡ
仹ż־һٸǧһУҲѵõһ
Ҫߴĥ꣬ػ÷˶ˡ
ԣˣ͸쳤ܾܹѵ
ĥĲĥ
˴һۣû㡣
˵ߣﻹ㣬ɱȽɽ˵Ѿֻ߰ɽҰˣһҲܵ


71 
Ȣ

˵, ƹԾҪȥ
ԵļӸ̧һӡģŸ˼
ǰ, Է˲Ӹںͷ
ڸ, ·ɽֲģһԵ, ܸܲߡ
ɴΪ, ֻԼ, ûһԵһֻ
ɽζҲ, Կ⣬Լӿ, ŵʱۺ͸ϣΪ˳Կֿ⡣
Ҳڴʱ
ּҵС˶ЩǸеﵽǰѹ, ֹ, ҪȻȥա
ֺͷϣֻǰļū
ԵĳǶס, ūҲ, Ǳ㲻СС
ֻдԻţС˴ǰһּ֪ˣϵӶ档
ū, ôëǶ£
ôˣһȥ
üͷ, һ, ʵǷּС˳ɽӴˡ
λ¹·ȥˣ̹ʵ
ҡҡͷ·ȥˡ
ֲָ·
̻飬ֹ֪ǱȥģǶɽǰвŶԣ߲·ǻΧƣ򵽵ɽ
̾òԾֹﲻ·ˣּС˷ͷȥңԼƻ
ֱǰȻƼ˸ֹ
ΣղǶ˸⼸˷һҵģȻ¡
Ŵߺ֪ӡ̵ϣҵļǺš
ϷѾˡ
Ѿ֪ϴˣǸӶʮޣһӷ㡣
һʹˡ
һֹϹֻҰ֪Ÿ֣ŨʱֶнһҲҸЩʲô
ҰֹյأҪ֪ˣǻƤ
ǡ
Ǽ˲Ǻˡ̵һ°ͣ¡ϵıӿɲǳصġ
Сʱ򰢱ڽֿ˵飬ȥŰʣôӮˡ
˵ˣǼҵıҪڳȱҲ̫Ҫ壬ٳвС
̿Цãֹﻤĵˡ
ʶԣȴʶϵļϡλ࣬һǿôãȰܿ
ڼ£ͻȥ鷿£˵Щ̫µϸżҲ䳯оơ
ִ֪ѹû٣ϸϸ˵
ܲͷЩ죺մ˾û¶
֪ǸıմˣͳΪͷŰ̫¡
Ϊ
ܸ鷳ȨһͷϵĹ뿾⣬̾ǻذա
кüأܲ춼˰ա
̺˰Ѻֹϻȥݲøͷ
Ծˣʱɨûɨһۣ
̼ϣ;飬ȿֻԵˣѾ
ôˣͷһ룬Լ˸һҲ£飬ʱ
ôÿɲ㱻Ƽ콫ñϡ
ɽԣװװжŲñġ䲻ףסֻ¶һ˫۾ͷ
ٴθʱͼŮ߸߰ˣ׽ȻС
˶ȥʲôʱʲôʱм죬ҵᡣ
һйҪֻëûԵӣȳԿɽûݱӸЩ
ȥο۹ޣôˡ
ˢһ磬ǲءʳָ󶯣ѷǵ㲻׵Ժ
̿һ˿Ҳҵó³ʤͷţҵϸЩˡ
űȥѰҹӣ¡
̾Ԫң˵ңʵһˣ뵽˭˭ǰȥԪȻֻĳдʫ
ȵԪɽԣɢ
Ҳɽ磬ﻹ࣬ҰɽԵֻ߰ȫϡЩֻ¾Ԫ۴˴Բܾˡ
뾩ǲԶɽҲݣأ±뱱ԣֻǳһ˲ơ
󣬾Ԫۻ᲻ʱɽжҰ¹á
̺ҵӣҲˣӣҸֹɽˡ
۸ճһüǾǴԣô
ǼԶԶֹ͹ȥʱǻţó³ʤű𶯡
ȥҺ๫۵תͷϻȥ
ѾˣʹǮŪơ
ݱ֪øˣȰǻ𿾵⣬ǱȵľƣɵЩ
Ÿ˵꣬йСŮͷи๫ҹ
û˵λżһסˡ
鿴ֿСŮݱһͷݱǮͣҲûʾҵ˭
СǮſڣ뽫쵽ͷȥ
йҲǹһţ˵عԷסŵĶŮ죬߹нţ·С
ͷλﶼС˺˭ȥ
鿴һᣬǺƸۣðʵ߲ˣֳ֪ʲôңܲܡܲһ
˵պ죬ôֲص¡
վҲ΢ǺãҾһȥ
Ӻ˿ûƿǶż㡣
ʵԼ㣬йﲻʹǮŷĳ˶ġ
˶ճȥˣֶסŲõ˰߼ֽϡ
ſ죬һʱûҵͷ
˶֪⼦͸˭Եģû˶ȥһ䡣
ҡġҡֶһڣջҲ
װûƼˣƳ˰һۣĵһôװɵˣ
飬ȭգֳֻȥ絽ڶﻹš
ųȥ
˿ǰⳡԲȥˡ
۵űߣ˼
ʥ¡ǲʲôġɻ̲סҪ䡣
ⲽ̧ͷͼżе
ôԶƼüۼЦ⣬űҲЦ
С̧ͷˣһ죬ЩɵйĹŮʮü궼ˣ˵ˡ
λǮͷʱ͸ɫ
Ÿհ˻ûأЦҪˡ
ߵſڣҪСܣһ۾ʹôˣ
Ҫȵ˲ܵС
۸Ҫ˵ŵпζǡ
Ǹġֽ˺ü㣬һƿ¶ͷĴȣŸտõģˡ
ֲһ䣺Ҵ򵽵ɽ
̲סЦˣûУ
ҡͷ˺¼ȣ⼦üۣһ˺֭ˮ硣
̲סʿĭЦһۣѼ԰ա
ȣٿۣ˼۵мȶ
ôûԹô۲⡣
ԣֲһתȥ
۶ˣЦһת˹ȥס
ſ죬ҧ˿ڼ⣬Ҳ֪ôãô̵Ĺôζ
ɫɽȴһŻȡ
Ȼߣûһ
泯ɽ壬ԶȺ֣ϤϤС⣬һɣˣ֪ΪʲôԲˡ
Ϊʲô취ɶûá
ƥĸˡԭǺ˼ھƥ˼ҵĺ
ꡱһЦ
ҰҰߣǻΧһͷҰ¹ҹǰͷҪ¹ԣȻҲһ
ô룬߹ԷϣߵűߣͼվǶϴЦ
Ųһ٣֢ˣ
ϸͼ̽ë׵Դ
ͷһԼŵת뿪ˡ


72 Ů
Ȣ

ҵ˸ţ
ױǰ, Ѿͨͷ͵Ť, Ѿ߸Ͻ, ̺ϡ
ûͷѾ˿, ȥӡ
˻رߵס
˻ˡ
, ԭ˴Ǹ큸Ůٵ, û뵽ɵ׸, ǲǺϲ
ۣ硣
ʱı»谮, Ҳ֣˵¿̽أƾǺģ
պε̫ȥƣ̫˵һλʯɡ
ɲţǺ˵, µ, Ƿѧ̽͸ÿˣ
ǰͷθӰˣǸƽͷģ͸˵֮̽
ֲûйӵͷ̽
ʱĳ», ɴ, ޡ
ЦҲǣ̫๬˵ô׼籦ȥƣǲǺһʯɡ
°ͣǳ, Ҿȥһ, ̽̽, ǲǻʯ䡣
̫ҲŴȤһҪū˵ò׼ƾ﷢ҡ
һӹǶЦȥ̽ԶԶһۣһ۱˫󣬶á
صУЩǿ㶼Ц
ȤҲʣСǺһʯɡ


ڶ Ұɥ
̽鴩ТӴɥı͡
ʱƻʢǸ޹ְ˵үŵТȴǴٹˡ
̫үƲȫӭͿ͡
ҪȥֳȥǸҪţҲ̫ҳˡ
ǸҳǸĺӣʱ뵽ڡ
ҪŸ粻š
ôȥҲ뿴
ǸȥˣûнҵĴţֻƼ洦׹ᦣȥƬ̣ܿͳ
ڳϣ۵ڶ档
ʱһ£⣬ʱһطۣȺҪ
й̫¹⣬һδҲá
ѾסˣƢҪôˣҪôˤôԲȲԲſɴûй
ȥ칫칫˵ŮԶȽһأֲ֪ȥּŮϢ
ϵУҷˣһӺȫȥ
ֻŲʣĸףϲô
칫ŮײҶһ䣬͵Ϸߣúóµի
û뵽Ůô
˳ӣ칫أŮסּҽףȻΪ˺ô
ǰǰȷˡֲͬˣֻЩס
ĸ˵ȢֻΪּҵʥ죿
ȻҲô²ģ칫Ϊ˵ŮܺЩ
˭֪ȴҡͷǵġ
ϲĽȥȢŮӣҲΪȨȥס
칫ԭֻŮ֣һ䣬§뻳УĦŮļ磺ɵӡ
칫ϧŮȴϢŮ뿪ߡ
֪Сֶ˰һ·ɴµĽŰֵʮˣÿճһˣۡ
ּҵСȻ飬̳³ʤ죬ѹ
ô˸ţԵһᣬҲҪ֧һ˻ðЩ߰˸أοнڡ
ǲЩ˳棬ôϽ
ͷһûԵӣٽɽػضװӻֻȥ
ֻֻֻ͸ۡ
ԣֻеһյУɽû
Ԫ۽һɽ;˵Ȥڳɽˮ࣬٣طС
ȾȤɴ໻ط
ۻǹӼ಩ʿÿ泯͢ѡ˲¹ȥļЧ
ԪģҲóĵȷʵмֲŸɡ
Щѧֻ£ڵƷˡ
۽˻ᣬԱ߶
Ԫ۱Ҳż佱ӼᲩʿĻ˵ϳɣ׵ټ˶ĺá
뾰Ԫּ⣬һãһá
õ˳ЩҪߣʵǲ㡣
ԪʹԱ𰸶ͬҶ£ֲռԱȱܰµˡ
˼Ա࣬ԪܭۿУ
ܭԱ֡

⼸磬ͬԱ۹£Ҳཨԡǻд衣
Ԫ۵ǰʣ㽫дϡ
ѡʵڼߣãڻعӼ࿼ԡ
£ѧѧҲǽȱ˵ȼü֮ƾٲǹȡʿĸ
ȡʿΪ٣ֻΪ
¼ӿƾд⡣
仰˵˾Ԫ۵⣬ְˡ
˳ȥ֮󣬾Ԫ۵Ҫÿ˶һʡٹ򡣡˵׮¡
һʱ棬ʵּףִлûӦ
ܭЦˣǰʳӼµˣⷬ𣬾ּҿԴӦ
ϻִˣл˼䡣
ô⣿
ִֻҪŮͷ
Ԫۡ롱һɻ鶼Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣȥŮ˼뵽ŮС壺أϲԣЩӿþˣ
幫һ˵ɽ̫ҲС
Ԫ۹һЦϲΣϲԼ
ԣҰ¹ľǣɽȴЩҰҰãҲֲˡ
÷
ǡܭȥ롣
ιһװû֪ϲʲôɴ㴩װȥףϺ黹ûĨɾ
ЦӯӯܽУϻŹҲֻܽ
ʱ£
ʱⶨƺӹôƺôԪ۸ԶڴӦ¹⡣
ҽԵͷأոҲЩ⣬ǳ̹Ӱա
ԪۿŮ¸ߵúܣͷӦŻ˵Ȥôôˣ
ι۸ףһ֣ȤɽҲȤˮҲȤﶼԶݷ
˵Ȥü۽ǶЦ⡣
ԪۡŶһŮʲôȤ
Լõ¹͵ԪУˣȤ
Ȥúܡ


73 
Ȣ

, ࡣ
Խ࣬ԽǾûȤɴ˦Լɽȥ
˰ϵǰʲô˼, ͵ƾ´, ǲȤء
ͷһͷġ
һķɫ, ˵ļͬʱһֻ, ˵ļұĸ
, ǰ, סˣȳֵġ
Ƥһۣ, ˭ļû˭ġ˵Űӷֻ
üҵļȵܲΪЩ, İգ
ִͬ, Ӷһ࣬һӣžҪߡ
סŵһ, ͵ѩϣ˵˵, ġ
չֻһϣԵʮֻˡ
αżģû뵽һҪϻεģ, һʱ, Ҫ֣Ӹҡ
, ֮Աǣˡ
ν󣬿ɽȳңüߣæһ
һۣװǸְ
ǲ𣬸ɴ㿪һͣѷֻ˳ˡ
ʲôˣԵģ
ûѾ˵͸ˣαõӾҪߣûһûżˡ
õӻһͬƼ˲еĻ
ȷʵȣɻļ
³ٸִͱȰҲʹһģȴȫȻͬҪǰҪʽȼ
˭Ӯˣ˭ġ
СԸķ䡣
뵽кЦЦ⻹δȾüңֵȥ
ôزˣԴ˴ǰ˳ԽФʣʾԽϲҲԽ˸Υ
ûôȤ¶
ˡ
ɽʯһ뵽ɢˣʮһٵҲϲġ
οŻ򲻽⣺һֻ㶼Ҫ治Ҫˣ
첲ϥϣˣ̾ϢûãһͷҲûá
ɬȻһʱס͸ϲĹǡҾøˡ
ûҪתˡ
ԶβŴڽ̧
Ըȥղ˽ʲô֣һķɫô㣬һ֪
ߣסˡ
ֻ˵ʱ¹⣬Ҳ⣬ģŸء
ֻӳȥֻԤҪд椺רֻ׳ġ
˵ϧӵëɫӣƯůͲ
ֻͷһɽҹɽ͹𺮷磬ҲģҪѩӡ
ηúܣյĴëѡִֻ׺ëͲϣһؾ;ֱͷꡣ
ڼôô򶶣컹ޱ²ˡ
ӱҪů͡ź̺Ϲźӣݶ̼裬ů紺ī֭ᶳżаܻء
ĸ׶䲻׽ͷ˿۹ˡ
һõůͲǰ׺ëģһ˿ëҲûУԼƤͲˡ
ɴӣһֱҪƤЩӴһǿһ
ӣȴ
üͷⶼˣ˭һأȥɽа⡣
ʹǮӴҪ˿磬ôڡ
˸գ˵ȥ˵ˡ
ȥ˭磿
üͷøЩˣѵóԿԣôܱĵطȥ
˵½ҵ硣ӳ尢۾ʳУЩ¹⣬˵ģһÿʱ
˵½ҵ磬ŭɢʲôʱ򻹴½ҹǵϯˣͬˣ
ˣҲǺ¡
ͻȻҲ˺ЩӣǸҵĹȥ
ҲᷭƣедŻظеľ͸ɴˣһֱûȥЩᡣ
ԭб˼ҵĹڴɵ⡣
۾ڰһתִůͲ㰢գۣ¶ң
Դ򰢱֮Ҳأȴһֶû¶
§ס飬ôëѣϸ§ס椲ͷôܸ㣬Ҫͬ˵ˣ㲻ͷҲ˵ġ
һЦˣϲұ㣬ֻȥ鷳
椲Ҳһ硣
ݱ׺ܿйĴҪһǩʹǮơ
Żʺй˾й֮ǰ衢ߡ֣䲻ھǼУҲʲô
ֻû뵽ŸʮУɽȻӣҪѩ
ó³ʤŪ˪̿˪̿ụ̂Ǻɤӡֻ̿ѵãй䱸ˣɶȹǣֲ
߹ҪҲּҹҪõģ³ʤʹŪ
ҪھǣʮʮҲ׵ãڽɽ䣬һʱŪ³ʤ㵽ֳ̿һЩ͵ȥ
˪̿ȼд̧ۣͷ̿߰Ūã±ʣĶ˪̿
̫Ҳ̿ˣλǴӰƷľѰĺ̿һȼð̣Ǻɤֺ۾ɴ಻㣬дۡ
дϼʱͣ£̨Щˮ
黹֪ðůůһ¹ˮī֭㲻׽ᶳ
ǳ³ʤòŪĶ߹ֹȥˣЩǡ
³ʤһ˵꣬ͼӵͷҲˣһ͹ȥ
鿴̿̿ϣԹֹ͵Ŀ⣬Щ̿ȥҲӦ
һȥ
ô㲻ȼ
ߺһһҲҪֹȥء
е˪̿ܿů˴ëѣһԾơ
ӿ̣̿ͷ棬ԭǮ˼յ̿𶼲һֻ֪̿ܲܿ
Ľ˪̿뵽ǼƤҪСӣͷůͣɲúܣ
¹⣬ٺѾƣͻȻͷ£ѩˣ
ɽ仹ѩѩԽԽ󣬰һİƣѩͣ˿϶¹ҵ硣
Ҫͷ¹Ƕ簡
ڶѩӳװһ£ȥԶɽع
ϹŽɽȥɽй䣬֦ɼľۣǳһŰ
ͷͨ죬ɽȥ⼸һƬˣɽĶܣĶȪˮ֪
·ɽȪȥСԶԶ󣬿ɽȪʱǰС
δɽȪͼɽȪˮ˱⣬ͷһˮ˳̦µΣһͷҰ¹Ȫ̦
ԤҪ¹ͼҰ¹󾹻ֻС¹ѧĸ¹ӣ̦ˮ
ֻɿеͲˣ
ٿתǰЩǸˡ
򰢱ȭʩ֪䣬Ͷãմԣһν
棬ְǼ٣ԶԶɢš˼ڵȵᣬԽԽòܴ
ѩҰ¹Ҳɫ
ĸ¹С¹Զˡ
¹߬űӣɴ¶˵¶㾿ʲô
Цˣܲʧ¼лδ޷
㶼ʮˣûȢޣڶӣҲȢŵ˰
Ц⽩סҡҽʮʮúܡ
´һûͦϳɵġ
¹ҲˣָŵߣһڣĴѭͷҲˡ
Ÿ߼ͼ۴ѩ̤ѩܵǰһסͣ¡
һѩĭü䶼մѩ
Ŀ־£Ƚ´أȻ̧üԶĴԡ
һĿɫŨ
΢죬Ŀڅ
ǵ ˡ
ͷһڻȵ£ڶ Ⱥɽȥ


 Ǵ˿̡
뵽˵Ļ۵ɣҼȥա


74 ױ
Ȣ

һ, ˾Щԡ
ҲǾǹǰë˶죬ٺõ̿, Щ̿, ӾɤӺͷﶼûš
СվҪһѴ˸˳
궬磬̿Ҳյ, ԵëҲЩ
峿, ˱͵ǰ
һͬĻйӵ, ͸ڴ߰, ɨһ۶ӵţûŲ, Ⱥ¶
´յŲš
ʣǸţ˪ˣɽϲѩҲ֪ѹ񡣡
Ȼ῿ڴ, Ŀɨ, ٿֱ
軣һôô£
ѵǸԳ£ǲܹգֶ࣬ǴСģ˵гʤء
죡˼Ը, ص񱸵ٺЩ, С˵չš
дĸƤӵ͵ּҡ
һ׹ˣּҵļҵʵ̫˾, ԴöҲһһð졣
ʮƤ˸ս, ƤӼʱ, ˵ҲúüʮּûǮͷ
Ƽϵ̫򱡣͸ġ
С㿪ӣСЩƤƤҪñ׷ĳߴ硣ŵĺƤӡʱּҲյģҲûôĶ
ȶһ֣ףּҪŮޣΪ֣أҲðգ
ֻҪ¶£ּͶͷˡ
˷Ըһ£Ҳ׹δЦǣּҿϵͷˣ
һͷˣ
ϲʤּҹжģѾ˲֪ˣķ巿ڰ
ⶼˣм£׮ϲ±Ҫ÷ģ
ˡСôˣҲŸˣƤӣڵϴգ̫̫Ƕ밲ȥء
ˡɲ¶µðʵ¶ڷ硣
ϵЦ⣬ôܲصס
갲ķϾЦʣɩʲô£ôϲģ
˵ʲôϲ£ҹ˸Ρ
һ类뵽Ḯϻ˲£л²⡣Ī˵ģ»ءգ
ô룬Ͽɲ¶һһѡǸýˣ˵ļҾ˵ļҡ
ףŲյؾԸ
صҪЩͷɲɼҲѡҿҪˣʹϰֵ˶࣬ø硣
ʮþȣͷ
û˵ô໰ͣƬ̣һ˰յ衣
ӵãҲûȵ̲סʣˣļҡ
ּңļң
Ļ˵ϸģӾʹûô̻³ˣʮֿ
ҲЦϲϲϲˣǺ¶ĥḥ̂˳˳
աֻּԻס
ҹдŻȥģһţһдĸףһд游
ȽԪ۴ٵ¸游ٽҪȢּŮŵдĩ
ȻЦţĩУЦ⣬Ҳѡˣȥ߼ޡ
ȥϷ߷һҪȢˣв۳٣ٲǧ
ÿﱲȢףиóǧϲ¡ǮԽСϻһҪЩǮЩס
ȥ𣬸˷
Ҳ⼸ͷһ׮ϲ£֪óľ˽
ϷˣǸϱ
˹żңһ˵ҪȢףͷʹ¶ûأɰϲ£㲻ܰǰķҲ̫򱡡
ߵķΣ¶֪ǸģοֲȱЩӡ
ͷٴ㣬ҲûȥҪǮĵûˣǹ¶Ѹ
Ҽҿڴˣֻ͡
ǮҲǹиóġ˰̾ã͵ˣ껹Ϸ˴٣ǧٶûˡ
ķҲ˵ˣҲӣ֪٣ǧûУǧ
Լӽö٣Ҫǹʵڸ٣ɵȥһ֡עǮҲÿԣЩ
ЩȻ֪ʱûǼƣԤϲ¡
ּҼҵױþðױҲǱ˱Ҫôһ£ð޹ܺÿЩ
ȴֻּҲԸ⡣ȥ񣬴ģ߸ĹˣǱ߻Ҳ
¶ɻҲ¡
ԭˣʹļױүµĶ
Щð죬ͷϹ滭ЩҲ̧ȥұǻϲصģһּ˵ӵ治һ
ȫ˶ϱ棬׼棬̾ˣȹ۸˵
ӣεۻؼңսżұ㽫еУҪ£ܵһԭԺӱ㲻⣬㿴ĶҪģ
Ҫɻ飬ȻҪסլ
۶סˣϱסլסԺ˲档
뻹סɽլ˶ӣϱס棬ֻ²ˣɽá
ѾɽԺҲͤܵǸߣܴһأͷŲеǽ
ü⡭áŮ첻סլġ
ʲôãƽȥӼ࣬һѮҲŻһΡ
ȥӼࣿ˾úϲס죬⡭Ķɰ
ڹӼסСԺǹҾְĲʿģҲס¡룬ֻҲûǮ
ʵڼªЩ
⡭˵ŶӣβŵҲǲɡϱչ˶ӣ̫̫Ǳɵ˵ùȥ
ǶҲ̫Щ
ֻЦ˵ʱĶסס
Ӽ࣬ǾȥӼ࣬ɽˮ˵СУ䡣
ҪסˣǾͻҴ죬ֻҪߵ˲˵û˻֪߻ʵԶɵ
ǾʹҪޡİˣӼúú÷һۣɽҲܵЩŮ˼õĶԺӣ»ܵסţҲʰʰ
һ˵һЦЩûôæˡ
裬ȥۣҪЩʲô
ˣһ׮¡˽סӣóһŵţȥּҡ
۴һƣżױ
ĶϵˮʮӣҾ߰ͷ棬Ƥ鱦м١
⡭ü
Ҫٺ񣬱һ۾Ϳˡ˶ԶӵԼţǸǲ
۽ŵУһԣֻǲյġϱĸҲױˣϱӾûա
ϡǵɹױʱڳΪ˶±˵졣
ӣֻƣȴ˿˵
ŵӣԤȥһˡ
ԤϱּҲ̼ҵ״Ů
߻¶㶨ˡ
ִк޲ͿռҵȫŮɲӦ
ˣһʱһ̣žһȵˮʮĶ˼̺СԺ⣬һĳϢ
ɺõʱ򣬻ȥׯֵָǮ
ټϿʮӵĽּҵȫҵˡ
ٺ»ټǮһҲ˹ˣżﻹ㣬Щʡճġ
괦Ҫ¶Ͳôˡ
òļҵôܶң˵ﲻˣнߵģҲѾһܲһӡ
ûطʡǮˡ
Լ˼ױӣһĶˮӣʮֻӵĽӣߡ
ڵÿĿôżױӾԵó
Ӣ̾˵ǲˣɡɼ޵ң̫ˣɹױʱҵ￴˰
̾Ϣ˵ṫݻᡣ
Ӣһݻң˵ˣôݻ
һݣд
ӢˣŮ۾Ůʲô¶
óŵӣĸױµģֹ˼
Ӣ첻ʶ֣ùȥһƾ֪żױӣһûͷӢˣ˲ġ
˵±㲻ܼˣ¶ðԼ⡣
ɣ


75 
Ȣ

޺, һһдױϵߡ
ЩӰֶдúöˣɱݵֻԶ˵ҲûйԼдױġ
ŵд, ٽ, һ顣
˫ϲһԡ
һ߱һд, дʱ⽫ͼдǰͷ, ƼʣôҲҪд
ȻҪд, ֲ˭ױﶼ͵Ρ
֪ļױ, ѽһ֪ʱͱ͸ˣŶ, дϻЩء
ôϣǲ˶ٰ
һ汨ĿĿһ֣߳Ǽжټҵףֲǲ֪, Ҫö, Ǿˡ
һƽͷջϱļױأ˼ҪҲǳҪͺˣױܺÿЩˡ
ʲͣЩ絽æ氢ױ, ɿʱ, ô˵Цˡ
ҲһЦӣѽ⻰δүȥ, ϲٵǹꡣ
߱һԡ
£лŻʺҵ, Ҫǻʺ, ҲûЩ
ױϹ͵ξдҳֶǹصĺöܰڳɹҿġ
ҪڿɹױЩǰͷէһܻˣȴҲסϸÿҲЩ
ƹ˵ģֲǲּ֪ҵļҵס
æţСѾͷ̷ܽﵽԺȥ
޺齣ϼҳСѾҲûһСԺȥŸյˮͤӱߣͼվ
ٻȥͷѾˣѾˣ
һʱȣӲͷƤŲǰȥ㡭ô
ЦͷûűӣС޿㣬ǻմŵ֣ڸʲô
ʵʵ˵мױأæ˺üˣҶ֪û˵꣬һ졣
ʲô
첻˵ͰҪдȥôɹױͰҲҪɹ
ۿ˵ŲµˣóĵӣĸԤµģġ
ֽӹ򿪵һоˮĶʮ䣬иСԺʮ䡣һյŶС
̧ͷ۾סۣʲô˼Ҽױ̫㶪Լأ
Ȼû˼ĸ׽Ҳ˼
˵û˼³ҲҪ
ﻹЩʹģЦûˣ죬˵
۷ŵĸҲû˼Ҽ˿ڶ࣬Ҳ࣬ҪͬЩ˽ʡ
ԺЩƲЩ
ǮЩС£㡭ţĶȻţʲôҲġ
˼ȥĺ
룬ҡҡͷǲҪԸ⣬ҲԸġ
ۼ֣ؾܾѵһǾͲҪ
˵꣬վͤһʱ䶼ûڣһʱͬʱ˿ڡ
㡭
ҡ
Цˣ˵
˵Ҫ˫ЬӣԵҲɣЬ֣ԭڳЬɵЬˣáðѳߴҡ
۵ĵѾȥˣЬҲһݡ
ģĺģҪ
ֻǰ˼ſҪߴ硣
綼ϱǸһ˫Ьġ
㷽˵ʲôΪ죬ֱװһģ
֣òóԣָԼǡ
ָԼߣЩмѽһס졣ϴЦŤͷܣϼֻЬ
һ·СŻصУһȴ˵ġ
ʣʲô¶
ҡҡͷǵ㲻ʹ׵ȥˣͷһдļױȥ
˽һӣڼů¯ͭ˿ϣůһůٳԡ
Щץһӣֳӣ˯ǰֺһ׸ʱɫ΢ڣࡣ
ůһ꣬Цûȥ
ҹ£ݸ±ʣݶ룬㴧ϼ˳ȥ
˼һõ̿٣˯ûůЩ
ݶУҲһݶǹ︣Ǵ׮ôõ¡
ݶӣ˵ͷ
յľѰ̿ŲԶЩÿŴܲǺšҲ˸ӣ߳ӡ
ȺأԼðաһ棬۾
˵ҵж٣һ°˰ǮһѣЬأЬ
ȻӦ䣬ԽԽϸ˸Ƿ˼Ҷî㵹ã޲ðѺǮ
ӺٺһЦСǮѾˣ׷ǮаǧǮʷרͭǮֵǮʱóȥӡ
껹˼ëѣɫģҲúսһЩʱ򴩡
ﻹأô˯ˣһ㲻֪
˯Ϥǰ˵ʲô
ĶˮʮӡЩйɴһľӡ
ǳ
úͿģûҪôڱЩĿ
ɴУƵɴǰȥһ
׼̫̫ܵǺ̵ȥǲˣҲڸˡ
̽ߣ̾˿գ㶼˰գǰɴű
е߳ȥߡ
̧ۿȥɫݽݵģ࣬ôȸսʱҪ㲡
̾˼ң뵽ˣǸõͷʱ͵ͷܺùܺùʲô֪ȴû˵ȥ
죬˵ģȴ˵Ļ
̣Ҳޡ
Ծô˵
ۿһ죬һ§ס֪֪⡭үɸǼҵľȱңѵ޸մ޵ģ£ˡ
綼ˣҵѧҲãҲáӢϸϸҵķ˼һأôϲ㣬ҪǼҽףõ¶
ҡҡͷǶǻ˵ġɲžƾһ棬ҾͻǼס
ӢҲţֲҲţķӶˣܿĿڶˣɾûޡ
Ҫͷײ£ֻܴӦ
ҷˣҪǲϲ㣬ô㲹ױأ㿴ЩѼױøơ
ˮ¯ƿ£觵
ϸ˿ûй͵λУҲûнޡ
ˣҲģȻûЩ컹Ľڲڣ˵ڵȴǣأ
ôң
˵ң̷ˣһĨͷ˰գţ··ٲɡ
ǰһٿ
вûʲôµ龳ȴƫƫĿƵûţجΣס
ӳˣ۾ôˣˣıǷʣμʲôˣ


76 ׼
Ȣ

Ժ۶, εĿֱڴ˿ĭ£űӷ
ӷ, ۾ˣ
Ҳ˵, ŵΣ档
Ӵůıͷ, һ, Ź, Ҳˮ
, Ͻȵ˳˳
ӹӣ˹һ, һźЩԼ̧ͷġ
Ҳ̰Ƿ, ǴĶģ
ȷǴŴǼľ̵С, еģɺ̵ɫôѿ
Դ˼ҽƽÿһѮּҾһأԵĵطʡǮ, ͷһûʡ
ӿ, ػҽŶӺá̵ҩأһ֣˶ֻһ֣Ϊ
ҽͷ˵ĵ, , ܼһʱ
ֵٺ»һȥ, ᲻óԣֻҪпˣҲ˲ˣֻԼԡ
쵽죬Ӻࡣ
ܳ˯ģϻ⣬ö°̵ȹӶſ˺Щ
˵ҽֵ
Ļ֪ĵӶͿˣֻΪͣųԲ˯ã벻Ҫҩ
ҲΪ̫ҽ궬죬Ĺ۲Ҳûٷ
ִǷİıϽ˯գ¶ء
ǵĹŮǣ޵ľǴСеģЩѽ
ʲôľ䰡ʲôͰûеģҪȥ
ݶһҲæױػ廧˿࣬괺ҲԤòˡ
ӱԼ˻ģ°޹ȥҵ˵졣
̻ӽйȥԼȢǰҲϲҹﶼͬúãЩҽԲġЩݣȥҲЩ
ЩСϣӻмƽϡ
ӵź̵ºڣͰķڶգҲɣǻأ
ȥ˯ţıôףӻСˣԭĻĶ
ô˵Զ񣬾ζѣʲôµģ˵ⲻǺúõ
ǰҽŻɫõúأ
ôţۣò˯ȥ
ۻصұѵͻˣּûҪѰҪЬӳߴ¶˵ˣ˵Ь
˱Ц˵Ǹ˵ģǻȥ
ҪǲŸնףż˾͵Ьӳߴ籨ȥǳʲôӣǻûž͸ϱء
ģ͵ù۸ĸźÿ
ݲּûҪϲǣԳ˵ҵû⺢ӣɾǡţ¼۵ʱ򣬱ﰵļ²̨
Цˣûбõˡķ巿ĸһӵƣôһӣ˸ֱɰĶϱš
һҺ֣ٺûˡ
Ҳǣһй۸ڣЩģҲšʵǸˣС£ûһͷŵԺȥ
ˣҪ¸ˣĸãĸľãǵиӣ͵ּȥ
ּǵʱն̣Щֻ²֪Ҳȥ
ȾټˣʱҲðİﲹƩЩ˿ߣƩľõøЩ
Ҳͷǣ˵ҲǰˣǵץЩ
ڶյͬյĽһ͵ּҡ
ӢЩ氢ױմָһʱ˴һ϶Ц⡣
׮£Ҷúܡ
һˣǸ
νžǰܣͬһߵɴͣ½Ų
ôͣвͬ͸ʮϲ⡣
Ҳһ֪жôˣ׼ǣҲ̫Щ
ѰĽ⣬һƤһ׺ƤһһƤ
軹ЦƤӿɲǽǸԤģҸ
ɴš
˾һ㣬ӻζ֪ͷˣһ¶һЬ⣬ЦӯӯǸ⼸ɫͬġ
Ӣϲ£죬үôģļҵͷ
ͷǣԭƼˣҪϳҪȥţ˺ƤҲҪȸѡ
ӸЦüۣ˵ˣǿϺõķ⣬ֶô󷽣
ô͵תȥӸ߶ƤӣͱͱѽͰƤӰڵߣûЩ߰ˡ
ǰͷƤôõƤӣҲû񣬲ָ˫Ƥѥ
㱸ޣѦҲÿնùΣʫڵ»Ьӡ
ʣʹһ˯ˡ
μǰִ֣ͷɥĻźҡͷŶûҽ˲١
ҪȻȢա
ڶɣ
⻰һڣ˹ݶ˿μʲôˣʲôɰ
ŵóһôôƵΰ


77 
Ȣ

ֻҪһ뵽ֳ˵ҪȢ, ϾһƤú׸翴Ҳǵá
ҵĳ, ҲǴС㽫, Цδ˵
ôΣ
˴첲˸
ôˣӸϽ̺, ̿ͷŲһŲ, һѾͷչ˰
ҡҡͷҲ, ̿軹ǰǰ, Ҿ˯ԺˣԴѹŸ첲, Щ顣
յĶǺ̿ѾͷĸѰǶƣΪӸů, Ұһɻ, ˵ʡ̿
ݰѽ˶ĵһżӼˡ
ϲֵľӶʮϲСͰһԶ˼ҾЩҲˡ
˫ϲ, ε桢ס¼Ҫ, 㶼Ǵ컨˫ϲƵġ
Ӣ컹֪ЩҪҪҼ֪⣿ϾϺϲ֡
ǲ¶֪һиǧ, ٸԤ̸Щȫء
ݵû, , ӣݣ㲻Ъ
ЦˣĵĶ˵ŵֱһֵʮŵûأܱȳҪǿ
㻹أһʣһһ˿һ꣬Ҳûܣһ򴦵úá
żҲܴһǰ£Ҳֻһ䣬ٶıûˡ
ݲٽӻҲһʣҪѾͷ˭ûԸ˵¶ݶףǶԶϸ壬Ϊ˼ա
ָʽ㣺ôã׺ã
Ǵҵİ֣ˮ̿ͷЩˣǾͿ͸
⻰ݶ꣺ǴգһϻڹȹϻЬҪЩ
Ѿͷ֪ױᣬЩ͸ȫڱƵüĵط
ݶһͷҲǣˣЬϴЩӣͷѽ첻»ͷ죬Ǽݵʱ
飬ǰΣȫȻͬˡ
޺ϣۼѾͷæҲӡͷʵɻô޶˶Σ
ҹûΣ˯˸þ
ڶһ磬ּˡ
ǹЩСֻСϻӺһš
дЬӳߴ磬ֻϻһ򿪣ݶ
һᣬҲУһֻ߰Сˮƿװŵͷͣ涼˻ǩ
Ϳۣ֬ҲѬ㣬ΨһôζĶͷˡ
үˡ
ʱóϽһװ˰ȫдϣͷƽվҪҪãˮƿҲдϡ
ױˣԴöвǷļױӶҪдеġ
δĹүڿ˼ڸء
˽סˣŸȥ
˸£ϻʲʹ۵ĵʿˡ֮ϡĸ֡
дҲö׸ŷ⣬ֽ̿һдȫдϣдҳֽ̡
ǰˮСƿӿЦôˣô˰
ͬӣҲ˵ڣһһֳģûεɡ
ǲǷЬӣ֪ЩΣΪǰЬ˲ϲʲôóģ˵ЬЩ˸ҹõЬ档
šӦˣȴ硣
ָգһǰϲûУμȥ˵ףҹأ
ô¶̿޳ҳүɸǼҵľȱ
ȫûͷֻ֪Ȼϲɣμ
ִ˸սɲ߰ˣ
ڹӼڣæÿҪڵĿҵ⣬ǰѧǴż
˸ʳӻֹģ
ûŻܽٷˣýţԺаݹܸĿڡϻͺһٷˣӷɨ˺üԺѩ
ͷ̣
̳鼷۾źӽȥˣȻأֹ˼ģһš
°ա
Ӧ˳ȥŸ˷ͷиǲŵ
۲һ̲סЦдмױ¶ӣˮСƿҲдȥˡ
Ҳ֪¹Ļô󷽷дƫƫһ㲻ںЩ
һϻӶѣͷĶأԸҪĸģӦӦֵˡ
һĿɨĩüͷдЩӶΣ˯á
̡
̲Ÿº˰Ȳ裬һзԸŲյҡҡͷҾӡ
ȥңȥּһˣֹЩҩ
̲ԣּҹӹǣ֪ġ
ƹѽϵˣ׼ͷȹӼһѧҪǿˡ
ӼСУϣ¶ûܵù
ֻйӣһ紵ݶֹӹǣɽôѩͰͰһ˪̿ȥ
ӰҪٽг³ʤּ̿ȥ
ˣһƣˡ
Сõ˪̿мѣΪ٣֪պ̿Ǻɤӡ˵Ϊ̿أ˯öεġ
ó³ʤվЩ̿ȥ˵һۣԼͰա
̲˵һ䣬Ӿôͷ룬ѽٷŵһֻŵڶˡ
ҽ͵ּţӢ⻹ûһѮأôˣ
ЦˣҸ͵ӣ˵ǹһ˯òãԸңһҪһơ
Ӣ쿴˰һۣ΢΢죬ĿƳ
ˣ
ӢЦҪţһۣ
ҽֶϸϸûʲôٿͷ۾ʳ˶˯֮⣬Ե֢״
һһҡͷеգôôʦڵģ
ֹЩϻҿʳ˯ãЩҲС
ҽһߣѾͷ뿴ס
ȵ˯ãô˵ⰲҾͻϡ˵갢˵ӣҲǣҹģô˵
ԩˣֻΣʲôôСֵġ
ԸҲֱ꣬ûӻĵجΡ
Щ飬дɵϣֻ˵˯öΣûдμʲôҪ֪Ψ˲ξɲˡ
絽ϣʵʵЬӣһ밲ҩ¡
ݻϺ˰㣬С¯ڵȼ
̣˸ǷóԺ˯۾һأ˯ȥˡ
ŵʱЬҲЬӣֻ벻ߡ
һѳߣЪŰգҵĻƸҲ࣡
һҧһ֣ûĸεĻʣҪ˵ЩҲָȫָϣ
ûޣӷ
ûεûĶţͣһĨᣬⶫɲܿޣǷļޣǸʣ
аᣬꡱЦùЬףʲôѽˣҲմ޵ͽӺõöࣿ
˵ͽʱۡ
ûӿˣҼ޹ȥͺúùӡ˵һЬףУûʲôµģ


78 
Ȣ

ҽſİҩ, ˯ʱ϶εЩ飬ҩЧһ˯
ͷ, һµ, ӣôûң
ҵѧ, һոһѧȥ
򰢱Ҫ, ѦּҪ, Ѿ׼
, úѧĹǣһҪ, 㲻ΣﶼҪױѧܼҡ
ѧˡ
¶ӢʹԼ˼ҪѧأҲһͿ벻ѧ
ҵȻ롣˼, ѧ, ʮ궼ûѧĶ
ֻ¶ȷʵҲ࣬ĳһոһѧдֱʫĹΣҲû¡Ѧ̵ô, ôӦ¡
˵͵͵ԼȽϡ
Ӽѧÿô๦, ʮ𣬾һҲû¹ΣѧЩǳЩҪ, ôҲա
Ȳȥѧ, ɢͷ, Сϴ޺ϡ
һˣʱȥʳԸģ˵Ա⣬ҿʱⶼǲŸճ
Ҫеϸ飬䣬ҪӣǱĴƤӹ
ֿζһֽģһģӣʵʵһҧһڡ
⣬žͷһô̿ûأ˪̿ˣ
ɽԵʱù֪ԭ̿û̡
ֿЦүģ˵˯õģ̿ˡ
̿ˣ
ɲ̿Ͳ̷࣬˵ôЩòġ̿˻ּҪʡã˵վͻĶõء
ű⣬ס顣
ɴôãȴμЩĶ
һűһ̧Դﳤ˰գֻ˵棬ġ
ӿԴʲô֣ôԿˣ
Ͱֳһϴɾ֣ҶҪ˫Ьã˭Ҳҡ
ѾͷЦ
㹪ǣǾ͵زš
˫ЬӣĵģҹѾɺЬףҪЬ档ͷ˵ЬҲ໨еıŮЬ¡
ǲϲЩģԭΪТŴأֻ֪ǼɫմȾҲķ
ѡ˺üӣɫʯɫ꺮ѻƣͷƣ˫һɫЬӣҪҪһԶ
ɫƵģųߴʳЬ棬һһþϸ
ӻдֶֻҪһ棬ûЩӰ˵¡
ЬҲһ˻ز裬źֳȥ죺ﻹˡ
̧һͼ޺ϣ˰ߴͷӳϡ
ݵͷеļױӣ³Ѷ£Щ¶Ҫ˵ġ
˰ߣӢһž͵סˡ
Цˣ˵ʲôȫ
Ӣһ۾֪˫Ь֪ɵģüЦԭ󣬲֪ſϡ
û뵽һ£Щģġ
һ룬һֻЬˣӸ첲ӣ첲ͱͶᣬ߱ȴ۶ˡ
ӻ죬ȴʹ
첲ȶӵҵıҪǡ
ӢѵӣһµԺӱȥˣ죬һһرޣ
սһźףֵġ
ӢóһŵӣŸӣȹѡѡ˽û
ݽӹܿ㹴ϸ˵ӢϲܵԤƥɫ֯ġؽġе⼸ԵؾͶඨֹﰮģɫЩģҲˡ
ӢͷÿôѾͷˣܸȥһЩ
ݶ̫СԭֻǸ˼ﵱӲ˵ֻ¹
ǰ˵Ȣ澣ҪСŮӢֻݣ֪м档
䣬ͷȥӻ硣
ͷʹʹˣױӣһŽ˽ӵݸֻѡ
¡
ݶһֱӽ氢Ьϵӣ̧ۼݿԼݶһЦҲϲҵˣҲ㴮һ˫
ҡͷܴǿݶ뵽ԼݶﶼܿǲҲ˵ʵ
ҹﰢϣһͷŨܳɢݶ¶ͷ
ݶ׸ӹȥţԴӴȵ죬й⣬ԭࡣ
ݽӹݶеӣֹ
ݶһݵɫ˳ȥſס˸ҪŵӣȵٽȥգݽлҪ˵
գգۣʲô˵
˵һûͷжɴصԼȥ̿裬һݣݶʣôôůͣ
ЦˣȻůˣﲻõĺ̿ȫָˣһ춼ܶ
ݴûˣŷеӣڴǰ̤ϣ£˹
׸źһ룬˶룬Ҳɫʣʲô£
ݵݡ
ʲô¶˵ģ˵ա
ҡԭ̺ģҲǾ 
⻰˵ûͷûβһ׹
ʱּˣ˵ˣּҹѾͷԭ̺Ůģ̫̫ǹߵĲС
Ϊ˰˵˻ѣ
ԭ̺˭ģ
һ֪ʲô˵ѣ˵˻ѡ
˵
Ǻˣԭǡǹ鷿̺ѾͷݵղĿ
˵䣬£һʱס
ΪǵĻ£ԭңʡ
ǡҡҡͷǹҪٷ˽ţϷ˰ˡ
Ϸ˰еϷָ⡣
ʵʵȻ̧ͨƫƫ뵱ӣ
ϷѾͷôţģҲܵӣ
Ҳ֪Լò˴գ粵ͱӼ˳ȥվǿ̺֯һͬ˳
˼£Ųס
һ仰㽫շתصȫ˵꣬δ֮⣬Ҳˡ
ôˣԭ£Ǻܺô׵ģһץܼҲǴ´ġ
ԭľǾ͵ƪˣҲƽЩ
֪ﲻƽϣҵĸмһҪ˵¡
ҵǶĵģҲٱꡣΪ˲ùҵɹĻô
ֵͷĹ͸ĹǲҲҵﰡӾҵ˱ģҵﻹЩ
Ǽӣѡլе鷿̺ӡд֣黭īѧģҲѧˡ
ʵһ𳤴ġ
һѾͷôҸ÷
ǲʲô˵أ
ҡҡݰһҧұùˡ
õǶͨ
һùѾͷôܸ޵ȥ


79 
Ȣ

˵, ˫Ŀգˮ˳ߡ
ֽסԼ, ǿģһѾͷ, ˵Ҫãʲôӣ
, ˫仹, ҡͷ, β۾ûС
Ȼ, ֲѦåʱݻȦ, ǶλӶġ
ǡ㻹ȥô˵׼Ҳ㡣ֳôĶλӱҲϲݣ˵
ҡҡͷˣҾֻ·һˡ
Ϸ˱û, Ҫ˸, ӻ᷸ƢͲܲҪס
ֻýԶԶģùԶҲҲ
Ȼˣͺúù, Ҳ, ҲͣͰ㣬ûҵõ㡣
˵꣬üһ, ݴӲš
ٳŽ, Ҳ֮, ƱƣܶͶ㡣Դָֻš
˼㣿
ҡŹӣھǴһꡣ
ӼѧھҲլԺɢұΰƣһдСΡ
Ϊܲ˹Ӽ棬ѧغȥġ
ʱϡҪԽƶԽǻĵطԽá˵ҷԸģҪˮ龢ĥĥɾ
ҲѰܵҸһգҵʱ򣬼ѻȸĻҪأ
Ĵս£ȥصĵ·ּ֣ͨᱻתֵ
ŵʱҲӿ
ҪȥֻҪѰͷլ͸ţӾ֪
һֱţԼǻȥˣҲûл·ˡ
û˻·һСҲøһ
ϲȴס
ţҹշתദ
ѵʱĻ˼鰮ͷǵ˼ɢˡ
ֻͷĵ͵ܵǣܹŹһػõӡ
һֱ磬ǶҲ˵ԼѾǰؽȥ˵Щˡ
ôãܡŹȥ
ҪǱ֪ˣһЩʲô˹ףһΣҲ겻
ûôƽϵģ룬ʣԼأ
ݴס̧ͷʣԼ룿
Լңţ
ȻŹ붼û룬ڶ
ǰӣּûйµӣŮţһ㲻Ҫǹﶨ׼޳ȥ뷨ּҡ
û뵽̺ôһλŹұۡ
Ŵ̫࣬ͷٻõõĴԵҪҲٲ¡
ﵱҲãҲáﾡһġ
ŹЧȮ֮͡
ҡһӣҵҲν˭С
ҡĿ࣬赣Ҫʲôݸȥ㷿͵üˣˡ
ѾѾͷӼѸǸ»ʹùͷ
ôȥһ֣İգһܻס㣿
ҪƵϵأǾͼޣҪƲУǾ͸һüҷߡ
һһ˼ң
ʲôϵͶĹˣ˭ѵһӶŲɣֵֻ
ҪŻԲס
ݲȻһЦܻѾԵˡ
ôɥ㱻ʱҲн죬跨ﱨƽ
ҪĻ£ˡ
˵ͷ¿ʯŹֹŵֻ²֪˼ңͣзǼѰġ
Էˮô򵥡
ˣһʱ⣬ŻȻ
Ҳзô
ݿס¶ﻹû뵽
һֱҹݲŻصȥ㿴ͬ˵ʲôأô˵ôã
ݶһ䶼ʣֻӣݱ
ѣӡ
ݶ˵ƣҲ¡
ŴӰòűۣͷβǰĶʲôȥʲô֡
һҲʹ
ƫͷӣС
ӻ˾ݵ¶û㣬ļ£˵
ӵͷǳɰգϽ˯ء
ȴ˯ˣڱ﷭ȥӱ±ѣӱţ
һĹûˣӴ˸ǷŸҪ˯ţǱ߱дһ䣺˵ûͨ
һǷһ룬˻ȥ
ҪҲǡ¡ǾͲ˵Լңԭڸǰ֣ԣЩ˼ҶѾͷ檣һô
˵ˣ¶ôûʰӷ˸ۣʣҪУԤô죿
İɥѹû뵽һڡ
ҪԭУûأ
ʲôԭУûУӵĹǷȫûˣѵƵģ˺ӵҲˣ
Ҫɲܼ޹ȥ
ܲܰգҪȻǴ
ǰС飬ܸܲôķ˰ա
ҹһ̸ͨõİҩҲ˺ȣڼϸ鵽͸ˡ
ҩܿȴᣬ˸Ե࣬ҹûȡ
£ҹ˯ʵԵɵɵμ̡
̵ɫϻָЩԭ˵ʵ㣬ȴˣôãܲѾͷ
˭ûȥ
¶ԽԽңòô⡭
ƼԼĦź̵ı̣ˣȣҲû취ٴһѾͷȶ
ں̼ϣұҲҪµģܹܼңҲЩ
Ӣ쳤̾Ҳǣ¶һ꣬һûñȥܲʱʱ߶Ҳǵиܹ¶
ñ֣
죬һʱ벻ΪʲôҪñ֣Ҳûˤѽ
ҹҡҡӣӣ֪֪ñ֣
˯أҡˣŻأñ̺֡ȥǶӣô
죬˵䣬˯ȥˡ
˼⣬ôμ̰ᵽñȥҲûȥҡ
ü˼Σжڴġ
ûΡ


80 
Ȣ

ԾЩùŹ֡
ѧ, 鷿ǰأ˺üѩ÷ԽѩԽǾ
Խ鷿Ĵ, Ŵ÷
Լ鷿, ѾͷǶæµƼ÷˰յ, һ
˲, ݶ˿۽, ݶϰ߾ﲻЩʲô, Ϳġ
˻ûһ꣬˾ԲһȦ
ЩݶױҪõĶ, մ˸۽춼ˣס
֪ݶëֻҪû͸ӻӣ, жܽһ
, ŤﻹڷôˣҪҪյȥ
ֻͨ¶±ʣѸкõĵӷŵһī¶, ǾͱŹˡ
Ҳֻͨ, ¹ʲôã뷨Ӵȥѽ
ʵڲɾаȥʣ˵Щ㲻ˡ
Ҫǰ˼ǾȥҰ, , һæģ
ȫȻûͨ, ¶ҲգҲиأЩΡ
Ҫ˵ǺҷΣôεñ֣ǵ
뻹벻ףһֽ
едֽϣһһУдŰ֣ң£̵ӣˤȡ
űʸӣʵ벻ףʸܲͷ
±ʣֽһţӽ̿Уֳһţдһ顣
ѾͷƼڸδĹүдţȥˡӿѣסˣ
ȥʲôܳһ䣬СҲȷʵȥ˳
ӿˣЦüЦۣӹˣǴҪЩʲôͷضǵĻҡģҸϽЩﳢ
ضǼõģÿ겻ʱͷҲû
үӣ֪Ѿͷɽġ
һ飬Цųˣȥа֣ô㶫ȥ
ʲôѵģ涼ֳõġүͷͱӣճ档
һǮʹ콻ȥЩӣҲҪʵģö飡ٸСࡣҪģǹҪġ
ʱȥζڣʣЩǮǾӸǮ
Ǯʱˬ죬ۣ߳ĬỊ̆Ļ۵һǮΪ˰ͻ㣡
ӰͽӸϽʳС
㿴ˣ˳Եģ
ɴûй㶼óЩѽģݸʱʱҪüǮԴ⣬ͰЩ嵭ʳźվҪЩ
ȴûйͳԳĲˣôˣ
ʳУ¶ţߵַǰߵߵţүڲڣ
ڿ飬ûȥѧԴˣҲѧ˺Щ֡вģ
˵òԣǾۡ
ӵƿֻڣֻһʲôү᲻š
ǴСһ鳤ģҲʮ갢֣ͻȻˣЩϰߡ
ƲƲ죺Уɲһˡ
ʲôһ
Ӱʳһ飬򿪺иǣһɴ㴫
ѱһţģ
ǣТġ
ТֶúһƤȥñӵ˻ǡ¶ң
Ǵ£
¿ЩѰ죬֪һֱǼսң֪ȥĶˡ
ӻл̵ʱأ
ֻ˭˵⻰ˡ
¶㡣ӰһᣬûͨѾͷ
żӣôʣˣһҧϣʵģԼ˼ң
ҪʵģΪ¶ء
ڳԵʳУҲԡ
һ飬㣬ʣ˵ûУҲ룬ǵʲС
ýּңɵ¶˵װס
ʮӼ飬ʮ̽ȻظТ˵û򣬾û
ֳһ¶ҴȥҪУԤô죿
֪£ҪС취¡
һͷС
ӻʱһǹϣǰġϰˣֵЩСеҲС
Ķģʡ
ҡͷģлҡġڳ˾ѣԼ㣬ҪҪҪôأ
˵갤³˼
ȴ΢죬̫򱱱߳ˣӾҲȥˣ
ԣǹĵϻӴûչܵͷȥʳأ
ȽȥĶݵӣһǮ
ǻӹգҲҧóǮ˳ģЩСˣһơ
¥Ұһ˷ֵһֻ
Ҳһ̧üȷʵϡ棬һ۽㣺˵ʡ
ͷ֪̫Źˡºˣ
Ҳû⼸ʲôϵ¸һߣɣֲ֪ôſڡ
ɢѧصС
ͼ½ԥѾԺ˼멣ѩУŲ豭
˾ռߣҲôչֱš
ѽһһǺģ档
һƼһǺơ
һ飬ȥϻʮüûָġ
һӷţ֪ʲôˣӻûյδٷ˵ĻšҪȥͲ裬ʹ˸ɫ
Ȼ۰һŷ£ʣ⼸յ̿͹ȥˣ
ȥˡ
á۽⿪鵽¼ϣʣȥˣ
ȥÿ춬ůѬĻǸͣĵҩȺѰƫƫҪʯ񻨡
˺üأŶ裬ֻ⼸տȥ
ۻѳ½ԥŲûŲһ£ʲô¶ŸֺȾȥء
½ԥƳһۣˡֻּҹء
½ԥͷЦҶˡ
۽һʵڲǵϱ½ԥȢļҵĹȢģǲϱӵһλ
Ҳҹ
ңһҡ
Եʱ򣬵ĸˡ÷ɿ졣
ĸòҵôʵĹҵ䱡ЩƷֵܶڳΪ٣ǼΨһճĹ
أֱǴŵҵĺѡ
½ԥԼ˵
ۿ½ԥɫ㶼˵ãΪλǷ
˭޸ңǶҼɽٵġ½ԥ椣һ˵ҹµģʲôͲӣһȫ˵ˡ
һĻûУҪô½ҹӡ
Ȼָİգĸڵġ


81 
Ȣ

½ԥ, ȴٶ˵
½ԥĵĸҹǸţӣֳͿйһӵݶˮǴߡ
ҹﻹû½ҵ, ͳ˹Сӡ
½ԥĸȫȻ, ǻ˳ӡ
۲ͷ, οҲ޴ӽ, ֻ½ԥɽǰ·, Ұİա
½ԥۣлл㰡, ˵˸û˵һ
ڵģĽ˵ʲôû, žһ׻ⲻȼü
ۼţļ磺»Բ˵һȾתˡ
˵¹ȥҸ, Ըһ̫¥ʱ, һϻһ˿оիǵģĶ֡
½ԥ߳СԺţһ
̼ӳˣЦǺ½ԥ½ҪЩģмҶ⽡
½ԥһ¿ˮ, ˭֪Ľ㲻, վ˦˵ģһӼʳʵѳԡ
£аȣҶ⽡
죬Ըȫȥ
һ·, ͱ˾ˮˡ
ѱó, Ѷ, ҲòҴˣѼϻӵЩǸֹģЩǸĸġ
¸ճ¯һ˿ɿڣɫ
СѾͷȥּҺҶưΪ
һյϻӾ֪ģСѾͷô͵Ǹϵģ
СѾͷүṫӳԾơ
֪Ǹʲôֽֿſ졣
ң˵ž뻻һȥңϻؼʹһҳİӣصûЩġ
£˺Щأ˼Ĳ÷ɵĺܣѣϲ
һľ֯Ķ£һȦ׺ë죬ܻΣִůֽͣŻÿ
ë͵ģ봩ơ
һס¶Ҫ˵ͱȥˡһʵҪĵطôá
ʲôҪ¶һˣ˵꣬ͼĿ˸һ׹һѽңһ£ȥҰˣ
̯֣ûѽѵ㷳գûУҲա
ҪûУҡҪǹţһӵͨ
ҧźһʱҲ벻
ȦôðʣҪʸȥʵģҲ˼ʣ˵ûУ
ҲǸӵˣ۸˵һƣ͵Ҫ㡣
˵֣أ¾յָ鵽ϥϣʵ£ֵ˵޷
ôȣֱˣ㷿ûУ
Ҫʵģ
ЦҡҡͷҰ굽Ժ飬ʮ걻游Ӽ࣬ʮ³ӦԣȻظТ
Ӷˡ
һŸճТȢ˰Ϊޡ
˳ɻգкϲֻδ£游㲡ˣְᵽ鷿һТ
ڼ䰢ҲΪĸТ
޵߰꣬ʱ屼æܻҲ˵ʲôͷȥѰˣԺûȥ
ֱ꽫ʮлĸ˸ͨѾͷ
ʱİѾزԴĸ׻˵Ůϥ¡
һ̥ûбס
̥֮󣬰øأþ͹ˡ
Т߸ż޹ˣԸߵıԸߵĻӡ
ТٽʱǼûߵѾͷ͵ĸȥ̺
ü΢š
֮ҲûкӣֱΣǸͨС
һӣҲֻôһӡ
ʱǺӻУǡƽĴȥĸڣܳŵסʲҲڱϷߡ
üֻŭﻹû޹ȥأȹŷ¶ҲЩŲ졣
յٹüģʲôðĵطְҪʣ¡
üͷһɣΪ£ֲˡ
˵ÿ϶ͷʯأЦºˣ޹ȥһĵҲûС
һյƣֵܲܣһֹ
ɰߵ⣬СѾͷ
Ըȥӣ˵ûУﵽ԰ͤȥ
͸ӽûоУ
һͷСѾͷܵ÷ɿ죬ȥ͵ģݽ͸һء
ӲסͷȥԺţҲɿ쳤ӵӣԾˣˡ
Ҳ£оУûбûУѾ¶Ҳá
ô˵°߶£塣
ŤԺСѾͷܽһ𣬹˲Եģžܳȥǰ̨ס
ⷬݺݶˡ
ݶһᣬӴһ
СѾͷûݾƼܳʱү߽㣬ûС
һϲǮ
СѾͷӹǮֵүﵽ԰ͤȥ
ǹүҪ棡
ŤܻȥͰŰ죬ѡңյߣûУ
ε׵ԺʱǼľ̵ѣͷ·ʽˡ
ӷɿױϻʲôء
ȻһЦȻǶɺ黨˵ͷдӣϸ´Σˡ
ѣ黨ʱŲûĴݡ
Ҳ˵԰ʱѾڵˣɫƽʱͬ
᲻СԽǳߣԽЩǡ
׮£û취󷽵ģ
Ȼû취󷽣ɴԼС
һͦذߵǰͷɡ
ۻһ£ߵǰŻüĿһչͼɫ£ģ
Ҫӭһȭͷ
ô
ɣɫҲ󷽡
΢ǸʵŮӣԱ㿪ôͻȻ˵⻰
Ҫúõļסˡ
֣˵䣬һɣأҪ˵ʲô
һʱЦˣиϢҪ㣬˵½ҽˡ
̧ס죺棿
棬ѾѾҴʱڣ½ҲԸס
ԸԳˣ
̲ס΢һ£˫أǺ¶Ǿܳˣ
ﶼдԺ˻͸ӼСԺȥɽˮУɽﻹԻء
һܽɽȥӣҪǴҲһ飬͸ˣ
ǣܳһ飬ҲįҲЩ
ұҲįġе¿ɸɣѽɽѽʱö౸СҲȥ
ӣҪҪױɹ
۾һתҪɹҪŻŻ
ϰҹ˯ü°ҹȴμ˴椡
һ£Ȧһ죺л㣬㻹
⣬椳ףȻҪȥͼ޵ġ
Լʴ椣ֵã
ȴЦˣǿŤĹϣҲҪˣ֪𡣡
䣬ͷ
½ӭס
椸ϸͷǰ԰ֻһؼҺúõģҲҪúõģ


82 ١
Ȣ

Ȼ, ֻ΢һָӨȻ, Ҳ֪ỹǺ
Ϊʲô˵һμ棿Ƕھ, ʱܼ˵ȥ˹ӼҵھӣŅ̀ͷͷˡ
ˡ
̾, ⶼڼѽ, Ȼ
Ų, 𴲸ȣⲻû, ô˯ţҩٲˡ
˼գԾԼѾ, ͵͵İҩ
СʱͷʹȣûȹҩҪȰɿˡ
ҩֿ, ÿҹ˯ǰһ, Բˡ
ӱ裬֪ں緹Եò㣿棬ǰǰ㻹ֻȭͷˮأ
޻˵, ˮڶõϺõ廨, Լ˼˵
ӵ裬ѱӵݸ˰գҪٸ͵͵ҩ, Ҿ͸ߺȥ
ģ́ѹ, ſϹԹԺҩ
˺, һ꣬Щǵ˵椼޵½Ǻ¶ǻ¶
ôôΣҪȻһݰȥ
һǿɲ˵أ㲻ʹô½ļҵúܡһҲ࣬˵׼ܹúá
椼ֱ̥ǣ仯þˣϾʱȫһˡ
˵İ˭ѽôġ
Сȫϲ˼ңûͨѾͷ
ܻԭƵģһ㶼øġ
̲ס˫ֺʲҶһ̫̫ڱء
ˣ¾֪ḮǮǶ٣ݶ˵Ѿͷһһʮ
ǮͱڶټļЬǮϸ꣬Լܿҩˡ
Ÿ첲գȥ׺Ͱ㡣
Ǹգ̫̫Ǳ˳˳ٳգҷơ
ڴЦһţƽŴ椸Ϣ
˼գ˴ϲ˰ס֣ҿˣߣȥ˵
ȴЦǿӢ쿴ɫ֪¿ˮġ
˿ߣֻ߸Ӣ£СѾͷȡĲôʲô£
Ƕû椵£ˡ
ͬҲûãɷӦˡ
½˼ңôðŮ޽ȥ
ʮ˽ʿˣ½˸٣˵˵ã
յģҳһˣͷźã椿ɵòʵݣ
ʵݵ˭ˣˣŮżҹʲôӣ
˳ȥҲֲԼԸ⡣Ѿ£½ĸΪ棬͵ü
ͷ飬ԤЩױҲʵ޷ˡ
˵һ䣬˳ס۾ɵȥգúùôǶԼѡġ
ϲŰ֣Ҷˣ
֣˵ᡣ
֪Ϊ׮£˶أ
ǰҹμ׳ʿޣտЦôˣ̲ס˿Ըͺá
椵ͷЦڼһֱ߶ң˵ǿŤĹϲ𡣡
̧촽һǿŤĹϣҲóˣ֪𡣡
Ȼһ˵Ļһģһ㡭
ʱӽŲ֪Ҫȥı£⡣
ЩУ㵹ȳĵҪǿ˺þòһϻӡ
֮ǰϳԷͽԡ뵽ϲɫȥˣ˿⣺ﲻˡ
䲻ˣȴÿմžױ
û죺£ӦµģΪŸױҲܱ˰գžļױ
ﶼһȦˡ
ֲ÷żˣôأ궬ǳ֣ȴôࡣ
һҪӹˣˡҧ˿⣬ܸܲȥ
һͷʢ͵ǰͷȥ
椳Ÿ㣬ȴ˵Ǿ仰ֻǼٵģѵҲм棿
ҪǣҪμһ׮û£ǲǾ֪治ˣ
֮ļҹ֧ӣҩõ󴰵ѩ֪ʣ°룬װǲˣȰˣܳ˰ա
ӵͷаգˡ
ȥԽηԽ˯ˣӽݺϵó
ζƤһأ˯˹ȥ
һҹ˾붬һѩ˸Σ֮£Сƴһơ
ѩгߺһ磬Ժк̵أ
μ
˺ô˷Ҫݾʹյ˰ߣЦ²ʲô
Ŀڡˡ
ˣҪ֤Щ治ˡ
һˮ㡣
һˮ㣡ӿﲻ£нܣ˫ųԲȸмôأһ͸
Ȼģ


83 
Ȣ

ˮ, ǵһмⷢ¡
һ, ױȿ˼ױ, ֮ΣȻ, ûա
Ҳмױ, ȻΡ
ڶκ͵, ֱǰȥ, ӿסûɣҲ޷֤١
ˮġ
, Ҷǳʱڣɲ֮ʱѰḮŻһˮ㵱ɲɵ޼
̼ϻʢʢˮЦֿޣ§סǺø˼, ޽ȥ, Ҳܰġ
ض֮󣬰һԶ㣬û뵽ˮ㡣
ӿɫԣôˣ㻹ţ
˵, ֵĺ̷Ѱġ͸ˮ, ûٽ
Ƽ֪ˣӴĸ첲δĸôһˮ͸㣬ôõͷѵѽ
ҡͷûвˡ
ûһ, źСϻӹ, ϻϵź˫ϲ, ϻǲͳ˫ɶԵԧ졣
ӢЦúϲ£ڣ˰ˮִԽӴϣԽӵԼ򰡣ɲ˴͡
ǽӴѿЩҲðԼָÿڲʡ
Ӣݶְֽ̹ӵؾɣһýʵ
ݶһʱȥϻӣɫ˿Ǵ˫ỹ˫ϲ᣿߻ƣѰա
ϻǣϻеĶеһģһ
ôֱġ
ǱݶѾҪõ˿ǴҪģǾ͵Ǻ˿˿һᡣ
߸˵ģҲЦԵĲɣҵ־ٰʮҲɢġ
Ӣ˵ϲ˰ʮĺͷšš⣺ѽſɲô˵ˡ
ڷԵ£˼ҵĹޣܵи֣ɰСġ
Ľֺ㷿裬һֲǴСģҪûȥ᲻ҵǿ˰
Ǹ˼棬Ӣ뵽
Ҳ֪ǴҲûУҾʹӳݸŵһ֣أҪô죿
Ұϲ£һ佫һǼ޸иţѧ̡
⡭Ǽԭǿɸԣˣ㻹ͣڳݣõʱҲǹ͸á
ĶҸĵȥ¶ʰ
һȰεŵͷǰҪȰ졣
ڰֵҪʲô֣ҷĸѾͷţ㷿˼ҾڸҼǵһӣԺʰϹŵһӡ
Ҳ̫ˣ̫ˡ
Ҫʵøٷ˵Ԥӣʮ䶼˵ȥҲ
Ҳ٣ĸѾͷ˼ңҲˡ
͸ɹױһ¶жǮͰ¶һҲûԼóĶͺˡ
ϻصӽЩˣУȥе
סٽҲʱʱͶ¶ºܣС¶˽֡һȦӡ
һ·ߣһ·㷣ʽ㣺ÿ֪ңΪʲô
Ҳֻ֪ǿģǸսЩ졣
һЦĪţҲ£ڵ㽫
Ǻģûڿ˵ӣô˵ѰүԺǹؾصģҲû˽ͷ
Ҳ֪Ժ˱࣬⣬ЩʲôҲ˹ȥ
ˣСѾͷȴ̣߹ȥ
Ը⣬¹ʮ壬ڸѡ
˭֪һ˵ﵱ淣Ǹģ˵´α㽫˻ǶӴּҰѧѧߣѧô
ȸ񣺡
¶úܺáļͷʳԺѾͷСǮŰ࣬ݣŵ׵
ǮҲʰúá
ǺЦҪл佱˵
ÿյҷ굥˫һȥѧѸˡ¡ﶼס
̧ͷ򰢱
ͷԺԺĹ£ԺҲԺģ¡
ңܳô
ʲôɵġһʱɣǻĸѧ٣ȵˣҪľǰԺӡ
һ·ȥ
ǿŲţܳôˣ
ҡҡͷǡĽŷ˴ˣԽԽȵû뵽£ǣһ£ǲΣ
ǵһ£γѣⱲûܵ¡
ҲҪ˼ңشźϵģȰ
ҲҪӣÿΣŷĴһˣؿֽţٿƷԡ
أܵܳõġ
ţתҲܷź̡
μźǽݵɫЩӻźʳҩһ춼ϡ
һ¶źˣͼЦп
⿴ôף޽֧ӦԴûн֣Ҳ¡
Ͳôסֻ̣ҪúóԷúúҩҾһ㵣ĶûС
Ӣšһ£úóҩ˭ûúúҩҩ͵͵ģ
ٿؿӣʱվﵽͷȥˡ
ҹйǸΡ
Ҫȥɣ͵ðͱ˵ҪȢһ˵ˣҡͷŲ졣
ʶ˾Ѧˡ
ڶհѧʣһҪ¶ˣǺûǻأ
Щݼ˶æýŲմأԼ飬լУ·ѡ
Ѧʰᣬ̧ͷξ棿
Щ棬Щֲ档ƩûѦΪʦһͬ˼ѧѣֶʶòࡣ
ֻǿ౳Ů飬ûѧʫ١Ҳûѧ壬λҲѦͨ
ѦЦˣѵׯ֮˵ׯε
ûѧЩ˵̫ɼȻѦԼ֪˵һ顣
˸μԼǺֲԼ˻ǺĹ¡
ǣֲǡ
һӡ֪ü룬üĻԽԽס
ҹһӣһӣ˵ҪǳˣǺûǻ
Ŵ̿ŲͷȥյšǵÿǺ¶ǻ£Ǻ飬²顣
㵹
ʲôγˣ
ˮ鵽ϻȥӡ
ΣصĻǿǺ⣬Ʃ˵үľǣƩºױ
µûһǺ¡
ҧҧеĺеĻǺõˣû顣
Ŵ죺㲻ǹ˰գԣ㲻ͨ˰գͷЩţ˵ȥδ
ңûҵˣûпҩ̣
ʲôأû飬Ҳ֪ӲҺûȥǶɻЩˡ
ӣҲֹ
ѵͨ
Ҫ֪ͨɸʲôˣôôΣûһأ
ûμۣμ
ʲôȢ㡣𾪣ƲƲ죬ôҶףܱȼ޸մ޵Ҫǿգ
ξһ䣬ͼŵƽʣ˹ү
ү
ûء
˳ˣҺҰ߬סĸ첲֪֪Ķȥˣ
ּһҲԣǺסˣ̣ĪҪ˵ʲô¶ֲˣ
ңѰ£ʮ²أҲгеġ
ô˵üͷȴţѾˣôʣǺû
ȴˣ
סȢ


84 
Ȣ

Ӣһ, ðվԼ漴ûôҲʲǰͷ
һ, ܳȥܳȥ, ΪԼҶܳţ͵˼˼ҹʵģ
ѾҶ, ҪǴȥ, ˰
Ӣ˵һɫ, ʱѰס
಻, ֪ôˣ㱻Ӹ, һݡ
ðһ˵ʲôŵĻô˼
ȴ˲ȥҲʲôݣȥ, Եɡ
Ӧǡ
ݷȥ, ӻڶţǸ˾մû£Ҳǲ
˵ģû³, Ҫǹ椵, øٱ
ӢҪǿô꣬ҪȥˣǰѾ˼, Ͽɵû, ʲôͷ˵
ԭ, ҲۼףǿûӦͷβûǸ˼
Ҳ֪ʧ񣬿޵
ֻһţҲӰ
̫˺ĺ⣬һֶҲ¶ֻƤЦⲻЦĺ£û
ŵһ羪֮Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
ʹޣӢҲˣƣǲǷ¶ˣҪȻôѰأ
ˣ˵
һ֮ȷʵأżС̫ȥʲôֲϸ˵
ֻ˵Ǽ鷳Ĳ¡
ɫʱãʱֲ˻µӣûϸʡЩͷġ
˿ʲôҲû㣿
ҡͷ̣Ҫң£Ҳš
ˣʲôӢˣſڲ˵ֻǿ޿ˡ
ߵʱźҪǸţǧһӢ죬һᰢǵɫҲû˵
ӢˣȥԺҲû˵ʲô£ûͷûԵġѰ˻ǵĻ»۰
֮ǰѾˣ빬йأԵû˵
Żδ⻰ξ˲²⡣
ο̣ôҲ޹أ̱Ϊˡ
Ӣ쿴ûΪǣ§סǣôҲǲɣͺúñޣҪˣǼ˫ЬûУ
Ǽ˫ЬѾˣô壬Ь˼ء
˵ģѡúãЬЩ
ƽЬҲŻ˸ͷãͼ˸ϻС
Źǰ͵ȥ
ЬӣЬ׿ʵЬ׶˻ûûôЬ
ùһЦĺãͣѩҲš
ҪѩӣϽԣЬʵЬȴ㣬һϸʵ
⻨ʵѰЩ
迴Ħ廨ϽϸҲˡ
һۣĻЩֲǴСѧģѾѵˣ˵ˣǼһϵˣ
ҵ˫˫۸ȥ˵ţֵɽµլӿɿˣ
ɳȥһ˹Ӽ࣬⿴һ˻סÿҪϱҲȥתĵطûС
룺ɽѰһլӣҪȥܵסЩ
¶·Щˣסôǳխӣԡ趼Ų¡
۵û뵽ЩֻסҲסխЩ˾סýЩ
߾ʹһѾͷû㶫ҪãһǶԺأͰڲ˱ˡ
ӻףҲܰѻ˵͸
ôסʲôʿϷˣ»ޣһ
ɵӣ
˵¶㲻عˣͳɡ
ǰԼӢ죬˵Լȥʵһȥլӡ
˴Ӧӣ˻öϱȥӼ࣬Ӣ컹˵˵ġЩѰռϱҲ̺š
ο˼ң̵Ǹʲô趨ʡ밲ⲻ˵ġ
û뵽˵ԸöϱŶӳȥ
Ӣɫ֪ʲôǹ۸԰͵ǰԺˣģҲչأ±˵ĸܶ
һϣ̫үѡߵﱲκ˲֡
ȵʮ˹Ӽ࣬ǸǿšڵؼТˣҲסǰԺ
ǻѾˣТ˳Т˳Ҫ˵׽׽
һźرΪŰ£ôϲҲɡ
ûţϾ
ʵ⣺ûбȵĸźӺõˣҾ˻ܺúõģܺ֡
˵ˣ۸ڹӼ࣬һ¾ͻ죬»޸ɽģҪô
Ӣͷһȣж޲ʱȥ㣬֪ûдˡ
һլӣɽµլԺҲǾǸɽסı
һƬǹٻ˼ңҼҶпһԺģҲиС͵С
£Ұ
ԶüɽüҰݺһСϪ
ƹ׼ң㿴
Ӣûвĵط˱լϸϸЩҾߣȰ֮ǰϺϲϺ
صң԰̾ĸãȥңɵôá
һͷȻҴ˺ããҶã춼ûΡ
˯Ե㣬ݻÿ
ĳߴ綼ˣɲٳˡÿùүߡ
ʣҪʲô»Ԥ
ҪŽڱޣӴûŽڱ磬סڹӼɽµլԺУһȫԼˣôˣӾôˣӡ
УһڴӦ
룬ʣûϢˣⶼˣҪǰ㣬ּξˡ
Դⲻùܵ£ɱȥʲôҲû
ǹ˭֪
ֻ֪˳٣Ҫڲ飬Ҳסˡ
ҲŲǵأڵĴ椡Ҫˣ椼ȥ½ң᲻ĸ
ͬʱޣѽǸϽļױաõԴҪҿ϶Ԥá
ӢڰǰһҲ᣺һϵҲûУܷ
ݣӻ㲻ᣬҪʲô˴ǡ椴øҡ
֪Ůأʱͷ̷˷İա
Ϸأѹ·
ÿձޣܼҡ
ĸɫĶгãЩһױġ
͹ˣֿʼʹյġ
ɫɫȫôġ
ЩдһдһúЦүǹﵱӿ
ƣ֥ƣɺƣаƣ«ơ
ӣȫٵͼֱǳС͵Ķ
Ͳһɽٺˡ
⻰Ÿ˵û죬̻һƥ֯ĸɽٺƽС
ֱЦɣ͵ĶҲ̫ˣ
̫Ŵģôô
ЦˣѽǹүԤùģ֮󣬺͸̫ү̫̫
ǣ֮ǰЩҲģ
ǹүϣร١
Բ˵ùﵱӿء
ֱ֣øĳҹҪ£꣬Ҵ
Լƣ


85 
Ȣ

Щ, óϳɡ
ֻӣ㲻ǳ, ǵЩɫѹסɫ, ɲԵġ
Ѳóѹס
һѾͷס, һﻹ˵, ŰͷﴩһҲÿ
һƣǿ, һ´ꡣ
, ӾпԼʮ, ûء
Ҫǰͷȥٴ׳˿ĺ챦ʯͷ桭
׳˿ĺ챦ʯͷ棬ǰүġõЩԲ˵ˣͷǺ챦ʯ, ſŶĴָָ׸Ƕô
ϻһ, нá
ݾŵյôıʯõƲŸÿ
ƻһգȻʡ
ӸϽóϸˢϸϸһʮͷȫù
С, ˿Ϊ, 챦ΪһԸ˫ȫĴһԽβͷơ
ݿӵһҪֿ, ʮִˡ
ҳȫͷ¡, ȹ, һ¶ġ
ɵúúɹױʱ򣬵ðͷӲʰֵģүٺ»Ŷ٣ôĿڴͿˣ
ûôͿء
ﶼдˣԼжլΨ˵Щ֮Ҫġ
дţû֪ЩһḮѾͷöǮ
ʵģ¶Ǯһʱ˵Ҳʮһʱ˵üǮ
һ޲̴ܰȥģһ䣬Լ˸ͷʱҲҪǮģøһ
ʱˣԴöȻḮӼױǮ㷿
ж˽ȫдϣ˰ûõӣϡ
ȷˣҵһѾͷÿһ
бͷ
ˣ⣬Ѹͷһһԡ
ҲߣһΧ̿п
֯һͷ׳ͷ档
ŨüĿһһǵȨӣǡ
ʼˣĶִ磬ͷѡסüЦ⣬űȻΥ档
ŻǲôһƣϱҲ̫ˣЦ
һӶЦƻͨ˪̿ϰҪԵĵġ
ݶЪգûͣûо㻹ը׹ӣ˺һ˪ģ
һĵģյ졣
֪ݶ࣬¸෢һǮӷԸģЩըĽ׹ӣÿնЩʵ
ʵĲִ࣬ž˵йζûôóˡ
ֱЦĶȵõڶ죬һͳôóԵģǰ׹ӡ
㻹Ͱءӡ
ĶһлءһĲˣѼӡ
ô˵ǷԸÿЩ׹ӣݶ˵԰գ걥걥ҪԵĹܹ
ϲ£ּҴ͸ϲĸִҪҵĺæŷǽҷظ
֪ԼҪŹﵱ㷿Ծҫ˼ˣ𣬼ķ첻
Ƕ£еʹеıȴһ촩
绻µģ˶ûߴ٣ˣһ𴩶˼ֻһ˴Ե÷Ųסö
ҡͷɣ͵һС
ҲˣһԤһʱ򻻣ּٲԣһҲøѣָĺòͷ
ʹ椶Щȹ֣һؾ͵С
ģҪϸƹʳûмд
Ӳ֪裬ֻݶƼˣ֪ɣţ
һ飬ѺиǶϣݶȥ
ǮɰҲϸʲôҲûС
ôЩԭǼվһŵģ˵ڼαޣ˼ѾͷױΡ
ȰЬӣ½˿ֶ࣬ն£ĸЬӵĳߴˡ
ĸ߰ﱳĨᣬѾͷǸһЬѽ͸õͷ
ȴÿ࣬½ԥ˫ϸõЬˡ
ԭЩС£߶߶û꣬ôЩһҲûˡ
Цֱֹޣ˵׼һҪæûдš
ףҹԼҹ룬ʲô
ˣͶҲϸ鿴ûвصĶ͵ǰȥ
Ķö࣬ʱд˵Ķιꡣ
дøϸôôС곯곯
ţֱࣺؿ󣬻ðƷױţдЩʲô۵ûš
ţд˼ݣ󲮼мˣҼˡһݣȫ
ڿڣ߹ôϱҪԤٷ񡣡
ϱ죬ͣҲûߡ
ȻһʱϷɺ죬϶ԼģǡţЩ
һӣǳ
ȴ̾һƬģѸϲʲôζдˡ
ǹүеģҪûĳĻô
ȻûʲôܿģݱЩõ鷿ֽ̿ĥ
дһһ¼ڲᡣ
ԭ鷿ѾͷŹӵżǴҳļӣЩƵӦ֡
ܿ㽫мʲôˣżἰĸնˡ
һ飬͵ϣеľЩˣҲɣʱٿҲɡ
ػҪţţٲȱ©
ҳסݣ΢΢һЦȥдױˣԽǸģҼǵдˣһġ
ױϵĽߣҪдӽ̹ôأ¶ɽ֡
һȷд
ĿࣺҵѽѰʦүҲûôôԽԽˣ
ԭѧݣôһûʮѧ
һ룬׹ͬģԭ¶ֲ߷֣ԳʮֵĲŸ
ɨһ۾ϲӣµģɲѾ񣬵ʱٿС
ɾҪģǼԤûУ
۴꣬ȼ
û׵ʱǿף£
ִЦ벻ЦȫȻˣЦʱֱЦʱŭĿգ´δŮ
ԳɵݣػضҪһȭͷ
۵ļ磺Ҫ⣬̸°ί
ûз˱ĵһᵹЦúƣôء֪Ҳһ˼°ί
¡
֪ˣʹһѣںԺϳ߹
һʱ硣
ߵǰ㣬ҵӣ಻ࣿ
ϱӵİģ
ࡣЦҡͷѸóǸģ
ʲô۱ˣ߲ãһɰǲֻһ롣
һƣȻǰѳĳӣžͷѹ
滹֡
һǡ硱һǡꡱ
ǰѳסҪôĶҪôӵĶ
㡭
ƫƫЦһ绯꣺ֶдġԼҲ⼸д
ɰ֮ɽ֮١
³ǴˣҵѧҪ³Ӧԣ֮ûٹ㡣
ųһͷ֪ģǴ֮꣬ҪӿƣæգԼչԼٸдš
ȴվˣݡ
ŵϻ˵㲻󷽣֪ûжӡ
仰ϺѹţʫٻûأĻῴʲôӡ
һ֪Ҫ˵ˣҪǲסĻǻͷܴӾƵƻ޲߸ľŵˮ·
ɲëս˵лֱ˵
ȣϸѩ۶ϼϡ
νߣй֮Ҳף衣
ˣһյͨ졣
Ц
ϱ򲻰裬Ⱳ򰮶ס


86 
Ȣ

ձǼ, ּ¸ԤԤˣ͹ƺϺϲ, Ҳѡ
, ԺʻŽϼ
ݶѾͷǼ촺ᦺ˫ϲ, ֦Ժг㶼, Ϻɫ
⵱˵Ѹ, ʺһ, 㣬׷Ǯ
һü, Ƭ̹մԣʵݡΪŰޣȻǮԽˣпõĶ
ôһ, ŲҲܿô
, Ǯòֵɰͺ̴⣬ҪĻ°棬ױճʮ̧
ִҲǰ, ֪кƼŮķ, ûЩ
ʮ̧ױУкЩŮġ
ִвǵظӣûŮŮŮú, , ǾǺˡ
ûſ, 󰢱ί
˵ˣԺ󰢱סӼɽµլӣʱܵ˵ܱϹŮŮһԡ
ϻƹˣ۵ļаۣһ˺ʦСѧģֻϧ긽ɽûʲôԡ
ִУͿܿǶСѾͷæǰæ
Ҫѣѹѥֲһ飬ææ⡣
һҪſɢǣϲͷûȥϲǮıڱðʱš
Ҫӭףߵ̯Ӳ̯ܳ
ⶼһĴ㣬ͷ·βý
ִͷͷ岻ȥ
ɴൽԺŮ
ԺҲһиյĶˣˣжףСס
ϲ͹ˣ˵òô͹ңǰһ컻ϲͳˡ
ǰһҪæ¶ģ绻á
ϲΧȫһˮĺ죬˯Ьԧ졣
Ӳһһ飺ͷûУЩѰҪõĶɵһ򿪾š
ӦĵǩǸǣ۾ҹ˯Ҫõģȫһͷ
ڵ͸ҸλĵߣҪ͸˵ĺ⡣
ޣһصԺҪˡ
ݰÿ׮ͷԤһ飬Ҫ͵ĶȷҼֺá
󷿶ι٣ϲҪµġ
ķǩ巿ǩŪˡ
鼸׶ú⣬ĴѾͷ֪ʲô
ݶұǲÿյģȥˣۣǼѾͷò顣
¶ӲҲŪףֻݶùϡ
˼ҸүָɵѾͷǲԤŵ˵ģݶСɼöˣһ۾֪
˶¸ɣֻаš
붯һ£ʰʰʱסҵڣϽˣɱŵġ
ӲŤͷȥԺͷתת
ԺﶼŹļױأֲһţͱȥˡ
ǧϣһ̧ͷڴǶơ
Ťͷһƣ
ȹӣﵽԺȥˡ
ִЦߺֱ̣ȥȥҲ˵һͼˡ
ȻҪȥ
˵ﶼˣɰͷʣǼƷأܵôЩĹӣԵģͷ⡣
ϲϲģӶͷġ
իﶨ˰УҲЩæ˺üˣЩӵķ˶˲æû½š
ɵˣͷʳֳɵȥ
ִЦʱʱϽ֡
ǻûǮһ⽣Ҳ˷ųԡ
ȳԣСƤǳûֻͱˡʣµ˷ִ֣ʱﻹҶһȡ
˸ñ
ԺӣִѾſڵˣСǣñҲҪš⡭ɾǼѽ
үķԸֲΥŸŮƳӡ
Ƚڣѡڵʱʹ۵ĵʿ˵һõӡ
ϴˣŮͣڽǰҪһһֻԲ㣬Ťһһβ͡
Ž⣬˺ƺһϲһ·ȥ˴ȶ¡
ذˣһɽûɽţͱ֪ɮסˣһ۸Ůֽ֭Цӯӯ
ִһţֻҪ͵ﲻܹȡ
ȼٰˡ
ؾظλͷϲǰİգҾί
ִпŮϲСˣҪˣһӡ
꣬˸ɽľڴʯͷϣѽԲ˺ŷֳˡ
һھһ⣬ųţִгŮǴ㲻ˣͻﻹаء
ãһͷ˵ˣί
ݼæʱ򣬲ŷҲˡ
أ
᲻իѦ£ȺϲƣɢݻؼҡЩӣʱǶȥ˲Ͽˣһ˵ǰ졣
ȥңûҵȥ̷ǶҲûС
ܵһ죬֪үѹȥˡ
Ǽˣôôʱ򻹳Ű
Ӣ֪ˣŹһǽȥģʱ֪ȥĶҲˣøʲô͸ʲôȥʱҲˡ
˵ûã޻ˡ
һţͼһ˶סžŲףͷҸȥˣæţû˵
Ѿͷסȿ֣ͷѡ
ϴˮѾˣúúԡϴǴӣ
ԾɵǰŪÿԡҪʱϴͷԲ˵ϴͷͻ
ϴͷĨݵһ࣬ɫĻȫĨһ飬źҪĨһ顣
ϵļзӣֵļ뻹ûȫÿظ顣
Ħ˫֣޼ָף÷ɻָȾǳɫһȿָ֣׸Ūˡ
ҪġȽӸ֣Ĩ࣬Ƚס
ֻ֣淳ˣȾ裬ٲŪЩˣ
Ĺǰһʲôǲ֪ûǹģȾ⡣
ҹһմȻߡ
ǼѾͷû˯ã컹ûͶˣȰԼʰ
ͷһȸüʵùģüۣǰŵ֬
Ǻͷٶã˼ʮͷټͷͷӵҷйôͷĹǶӶร١
ǿɲӹú
ʱһȥͷЦˣסл񣺡żӭٰͷϣЪЪЪ
ӻóһǾһӾ͹࣬ȳһ档
ˮĶҪٳԣѾͷҲһ˳ӡ
Űӣ̲סЦˣǼҪ̡
ݶ㣬˻ɫɲǴ̣ݶǳ򣬽Ϻݾǰ档
ǰͷΣ֪ںͷȻͷԵġ
ͼޣϲӯӯʱһۣͷϲ죡
һЩ֪߰ݵģΪ˼µǲݵġ
ɴȫǺϲĴʣͷĩͬһ󣬵ʱһҪ
ס椵֣ǿ϶Ҫúõġ
ͷһ
Ḯӭף
ɿ˰֣Ӣϸ氢ϸͷ
ңſ
ǰȥ


87 
Ȣ

³ŵƽ, СѾ֮⡣
¼˼ƽʲôʲô
вӸ, ΪԵһˮҲṵ̂, ȫˡ
˶ĸǮôЩ̫ү, ϲܰʲô, ٲ֡ͷҪϲµĻм, ɵ, ķԸҲ˸˵졣
˴, ȫϳѶóЦɩҪ˿, ֻܷԸ, ɡ
Ļ᲻֪˼Ҳˡͷ̫̫ڣΪСĻ¾ôʦڡ
Ǯ֣°첻
Ȼ, Ӽɽµլ, Ҳ綼͸ȥϲʡ
ӼĻҲû죬ҪȥǱסģ簲˸á
ҪסլɷԺ, ۴Сûסҹ
굽Ժ, ǻûԼԺ, ǵͣŻԺ֡
¶ǰմɽصɷԺڣɽһꡣӼˣӵĻǧҶˡ
¶Ļˡ
ǰЦôͽմЩԺѾúˡ
¶Żعζ
ɽһ꣬˵ǽ̺ӣɿŵġˣԭѳԺеϸ
¶΢΢һЦôܳأ̺ҵı֣ͷͷǶһ
ٱ粵¶ֵ˵ˣûٷ˾ҪţЩôɣǻٷ˵ġ
мƽϣٷ˵ĳֻ²̫լͷơ
էսŵӣܵһôҲðԭĹܲһʹĸ컻հգ
¶һɫ֪ʲôЦ
Ժдһأһûɲֵģð׵Ҳûʲôġ
˵Ųֻɽȥˡ
ôǰͷҲãλ½ŵٷƢΣһԣȶס
¶ԺԺϲ
˴ֱʣÿ˶෢µǮѾͷ͸С˳棬ҪͷŻЬµġ
ͷ·ϵϲǮҲ⵽̴ģ˫ϲ÷ǮǮиɫӣһϻһϻ
¶ڳ֪¶ࡣ
ǰϲĻѣͰѹиǮȥһ룬ϷɵġɽܵġˮεģҪǮƵ̧
¶Ůеǰͬųͷδ档
ﴫһ֣ḮĴһ֣ķӯķ˻ﻰζŵš
þ̺ţƤǳѧ
ƤǳģȻ˵
¶ͷףͷ֪ɽ֪ܲӶٷʮֿصġ
Ϊٷ߶СУֻٷ˽ˡ
£ڹӼﲻԹʣͳ³ʤظáͷܰ죬լȴ֪١
ǰһգ۲ٻظ
鷿ĵƻҹ
Ϳؼû˯Ҳ˯¡ֻоСϯд˿ɳԣͷ˯㡣
ȥңóǱСᣬмҳָڡôȥĸĦ
ֱ׭ᣬŽҳϡ
һߵţŸߵűߣͷ˵
黻ɫӲҹû˯գ
ŽȥӴ£ϴٻϼдݱ͡
ȵʱ¹ڣǰݼ游
۸ţӱ游֮
ϱ游󲮶θϲ͡
ʱĻȻǰӻӭ࣬¡Ծ֮áг
۹ףȻ£Ψָ
ӭĳׯϣּһƬִ֣ϣ¡
֮֮ҹΥڶĸ֮ԡҹQ
ʶִѾʮ˼ˣ秵ĻⱲҲû˵Ӣƫͬžͼִüͷ壬дʡ
°ˣǷʱ򣬱Щ⣬ȫѡ̫£ִٵĺʱ
ôü
ȵϵ£˵£Ԫʣ㷽ƫ߶Щʲôأ
ִڣһѴӣҲƲԴŮҪˣǴʶʵѼǡ
ŮҪˣǸҶɣԪ۱¡
ܭһԪ۵ɫһ䣺Ҫϲִˡ
ԪۻЦЦǰҪˣܭ죬׼ӣա
Ԫ۶ô˵ˣŻʺȻҲҪ
۸յָǰ˹ʹϹߵСּ̫࣬⣬Ц۵ǹҲз͸ġ
ִлǽͣЩ
ȼʱһͷ𣬸ϽŮš
˰ǣ˼ңòϲ£ֵСŷǣһױǰ̧ӵĹ񣬾֪֮
ô棿
˵ǸƷĹٶ
һӧ˼ңŷǼĹٶˣѴƷУӹٶѡ
ҵĹȴܵñ»ʺʹͣڳ׼һ죬Ǳ㲻С
Ϣңϲ¶ĵҲмϲ⡣
ŲϲͷǣѾϲŲţĿӣÿһߵüȽ
ȶŶ࣬ÿһϲﶼҪ˵黰Ҫ˵ҪһӶˡ
ûԸʲôԼſ߻ȡ
˳˳·
ڳҲ˳ףһ￴ӣСֺǳԣߴð˴Ҫ֡
ҪһĹӳԻڸûꡣ
ǻǳԵСޣǳԡ·Ҳô֣û뵽·˴
Ÿͷðȭϡ
̬ȻǲģݸսУͼ˶ڴӣһԼҹˡ
̾Ϣָ׺ȴˡ
͵λߣûʽѾ˸߰˰ˡдףһ֪
ȴȥ磬ӸϽϡ
Ҷˣֻ黹ţϽ˸ͷ͸͸һⶣŰ
һÿͷˡ
ϲӲ˵˵Լ޵ݣгԵûУӣȫȻã˰ˡ
ڿڱЦԺЦǽ´㣬˿û㶯ء
ˣһָûӦôӦģϧһָ
ѸͷһѽӹȥƽˣҹﻹҪء
ôԶô龪
ôҲţʮˡǸĵŮӻͦ˼ģİᶯƫƫһ
鿴һϲЦӣЦǶ͹ˣ
ʲôʱܳԶʵ̫ˡ
·еҲǵĹӣ˿ôײͷһ죬ͽء
ôţʳ͵űߣָӸͷѾˣӸϽǰӹ
͵⣡
ʳУһһⶡһоƼ⡣
ȳԸٳԼ⣬Ųּˡ
鿴Ѿͷ첹֬в뵽޵ˣиһã㹻ˡ
Ů·ȥױ
Ƕּ֪ǲŷҵģӱױɹҲûɿģֻȥ
Ҳֻмû޵Ĺͷɩɩļױʮֺ档
Ų˵˵ʲô˹ﳶŽӣ˵ױжౡ
ԣڷ͸Һ֣Ҹĸȥ
ŸƵԺǰͼױӶѵһ޳аǰͷкü乬ɴУǰʮ׽ͷ档
һϻһϻӴ鱦ʯյԺ⡣
˹΢죺˵˵ױô
ҲǹŶֻЩٵˣҲӦѽûܣļóŶֻ
ӣʯͷ棬ʵʵĶ
ķ˿һۣˮһĶЦû˴ǻ
һλ˻һۣķڨڨǴɩӣҲҲ
ߵм䣬ͼаڷỴ̈зһޡ
˵ǣ
Ǳ͵Ľްգ
࣬һǱһһŽڱޡ
֮ǰ˸˵ʲô
˵˵ͷȻǽŻŮ
˵µ˱㲻ԡ
ǰͣ½ԥֻ֪ͷȾƣôȷô
Ƽձյǰȥ½Щƣˣӿɻء
۾ѰҲûȹôࡣ
ɺ죬˫Ŀ
߰˷ֵˣһ־Ҳޣ½Լǡ
½ԥɴסˣֳ鼷ۣʱҲˣͷֹ֣Ļطˡ
ͷݸϽѸͷ
ûһүͱͽУ̻¼Ѿͷ̧һ֣Ƚסϡ
˸ɾֱʱ޹ġ
Ҳûʲôѵȵȥˣ
˰ۣˣ
ǰٿһս˽ͷһ𣬳꣬á


88 »
Ȣ

, ѧˡ
ǰգǰѼѾͷɳȥ, Ҳû˵һ仰
ͳŵС, Ҵҹ, Ը
Ӣ챾ϸ˵, ֻôý, ˼ȥ, ҵ
Ԥһָһڶӣ, ƵǰҲû㷿ʲôģ֪񱾷ֹصģʣ֪֪, ֻĶ򣿡
ֶǽ, ͷѰš
Ҫڳ·˾ǣĻ֪Щֻˡ
̷, Ҫ˵ܼҵ¶֪Ϊ, һº
ͷ֡ǲģ鵽˾Ҫյ
ҲûԺʱЩлС, лСϵ, ڴͷϵġ
Ժղص, ݶҪЩŮҲŮŮЩ㲻ô￴
ϸã֦£һΧСԺӣͷסŸհ׵ţһửԼĪҪȥҲ£ߵߵţ˵һ÷վͳˡ
÷ǾЩĴҪǸ󻨿ǾЩġ
ûаǲġ
Ӣɿ֪طͺá¶иԲģи
ǻʵʵĹ˺ü㡣
Ӣûȥ˽ҿȷʵҲû߰Ķӻֵ
ְⶫһĹȥѹס
ӹֻͷʲôö˵ҪԼɵһ䣺Ҳܿѽ
ܣ͵Լסඣ
ǮϻӶӹţⶫȴܿ
˵ģȵҹĴ򿪣һһ㣬ֱͷĺƤӲӡ
ƿһƣ˿
ĭһҳ
ˣְǲӣĸϡ
ԭԭô¶ѽ
ɣҹպױҪһҹϲǺͷ
ۻѣϱͷһأûԲ
ҹΣѾǵˣʱںյ¿һʱЩֲǻ档

ű죬ỽյøˡһӻҪʵģһҲ벻ˣżţ

ֽһΣ֪ˣ˵
ˣҲôЦеĽˣǮǳԡ
۳˾ƸһģЦˣڴӦҪ˵ʲô
ʲôҲû˵ֻֽһ
ִӦһ
žȤͼ۰˹ϵŵͬĽᡣӷӵúܣѧ˵а¡
ֱ㽫⿪ˡ
ˣôʱ
㡭˵§ס˫˫С
ʱǵǻϻģٺһҲ벻ˡ
ֻ֪һҹ
ڶһ磬ӼˣǸ٣͸Ҫ˶һһȵ÷֦ͼѡ
ȴһģһģʽЩֻͬһͽ֪ٷߵѾͷ
Ҳֱ𲻴ݵ⣺ǽȥͷһգ۹үǹΣصù
٣Ҳլµ͸ѾСǡ
һݶŴҪ£һſվ£Բֻͷж
¶Ҳˡ
ݶѾϹˣһ۾Ƴ¶Ԥõķˡ
ݼ΢Ц
ڿ¶¶Ҳڿݣﰵ²⣬ѵٷ˴Ԥڲʱ̺ӵģ
Ҫô˵òҲ̫ѰЩ
һʹĸѾòǸнѵٷԼɫǣòѾ
Ҳȷʵԣ˵Ůòɡ
¶вס²⣬Ҳݱ΢Ц
һһңɷԺǰ£ãͷû
¶һݣͬɫġȴһҲû̧ͷ⣬ߵš
ͷա
Ѿͷ룬ͼѾѣɢͷŰѽӣվﻨǰ
ۿһݣ˯
ǰģûߵǰżһζһʱȥӡ
ɫ䣬ͭ轻ӣԼȹ̤ϣƿ
¶ͷ̽һۣһʱࡣ
ͼٷһͷڷɢ˰봲ѩڶƵͷ¶߸첲
˯࣬ǳģηȣպ޲ѵֻʣһС£տȴЩңͷȥù¡
ݶѾˮҡ˰
뼫ˣһ۾ĿĴѰ֪˭΢΢һ࣬ɣڸʲôأ
һѾͷˡ
ɿƳһ۰¶¶ֻ֪Ⱥ
ڵǻյͷյÿЩյЩȽϨȷյƽǺͷ
Ѿͷǣǲٷ˽үǿүһŽţվǰ֪жôٷˡ
ɣԡͰҹ·εġ
ֻεʲôˣμ
ʣǲҵһЩһЩˣ˭Ҳû򣬾Լˡ
ͷ۵Цһ
˵꣬ͷˮЦһһˣٷߵģȥգòôЩˡ
±㲻̺
ߴ٣ЩҪͷء
һͷͷһöƵģֻͷĻѱ˵ģݶ֣ùɼˡ
˷٣׺챦ʯͷ档
ױųɷԺˣſٷˡ
ȳƣӨ࣬һ˫۾տȻСǡ
ʮֵòȴʮֵľ
Ժһһɨһ飬ѾͷĿɨͷȥж̾ٷ˺
۶߰գףȻǰݼ㡣
һ㣬ߣȻ֣Ժţ۱㽻ջء
ͷҪЩ֪ءŲһЩȳô·
벽ˡ
ۼ˱Ц¶أؾĵúܡ
һͬãԺңվˡ
ĸϻ񣬶ĸʵڸϲȻ㶼һϡ۵ڰ߽
Ӧ
ȵǰ̫ү̫̫Ĳ衣
һ̧ͷĿ棬Ѱ˼ĿⶼҪͷܹɰܣ΢΢һЦ
游Ӱ
ĵ˵ͷϱĲ裬һź㡣
֪ʲôֽӹȻܴ򿪣Ул游ʹ͡
ɫ糣ȴ΢¶졣
һƣ֪ʲôȴһ˿¶˵ּҹλС治١
پĸ裬˸Ҳһʮͷ档
Ƕ飬Ʒ࣬ٽҲ
ĸʱŲյһ٣ֻôĸʮƣǺʱȴ벻ˡ
ĸŰ΢΢һЦһԳǶ
곤ƽ
巿ĹһЦǹ񣺡ɩɩá
ҲأúáóǵߣʣĵĽָô
΢죬ָָԼĶ䣬ʾˡ
˹һ죬Цת
Ϲףɢȥͬ˵ȻԼԺУ⼸պúЪЪԵ²ż
ȻԵʲô£һ׹ǰ񲹹ģϱҪǰء
ϰõȵ
ݸ⣺ѰԴ⣬Ю˶ССѡ
ԣָɣȵڿӼ϶ȵúܣ
ݣһ·һ·Юȵȵ¸ĵ⣬ǹնɲ¡
ȭŵ߿һȻ⣬ǡ
ĸײصġ
ϱûء
վˣϾ¶ʧɫ԰һĿӹء
Цŵ˴ڣĸǰҪڸӡ
ʲôڣĥȭơ
ꡣ
ɻأӹҪ²ˡ
һʱɥ߻ɷԺ
ǰݼ㣬˷Ҵ԰ӡ
áһͷ
ɷԺⶼѾˡ
ףѾ͸Ƕ
һԺӵˡ
ϼȥ񣬰ûϸʱһɨͼһѾͷĿ˸ҿ
Ǻӡ
ʲô֣


89 
Ȣ

, ĿһɨͼһѾͷ͵͵Ĵ
Ŀ, ŵøϽͷȥ
״, Цһ
Ҳʣ󷽷˭ǰ
ŵõͷ, ˽ϵų, ĻҴ˼ٷ˶, 㴹ͷ, ǰ

һֱڰվţһ˵, ݱڰߣȲҲͣɷԺжȵѾ
˵µѾͷ͸ǣ㶼һ
ٷż޽, һϾȥ, ԺˣѾȫˣ
˵ֱ꣬ӣƷһ, ˫ֽ, ǰؾվš
Щҹﵽʱ䣬ġ
֪ɩС, Ժе, Եòׯء, Ҳôʡ
Ҳִ֪磬ֻдҵݣڸԺ˸£һûд
ԺѾͷѽһһģһȶȣȵСѾߣͳʮˡ
Ϊһҹȫסˡ
΢һͷЦʲôҿңֲϻҲˡ
ŵö£ĸ˹Ҳûô˵ġ
¶һֱվߣֽסٷͬǿЦأôˣ
Ǿٶ·ϥˣԤ¡Ҫ£ٷ˲ŸսžͿ˵ɾӲˡ
һУɫף֪Լˡʱ˿ֱ̣Ļ˵û뵽¶￴˳ڴʱ°ӡ
˰¶һۡ
ϲ£Ͳ˳ⶼµģϱȹϥǵû䣬
һҪ¹򣬾ܲҲҪ³ģŸû¹
أأ
΢ͷݵͰա
¶ֻٷôҲһ֣ٷһ໰ûУͷ͡
ȷͣǮ°ݣлٷˣǶˡ
ɴɢ˰գøʲôʲôȥ˵ȥһͷ棬أ뻻ļҳѡ
ݶԤˣѣӸɢͷ
һۣôһ϶˵
θǿۣȥõģ˺Щʱ򣬿浽˳ϣеӡ
ûˣŵ㵨󡣡
һҲ£зЩˣӺ氢Ѻĸҹһ˰ء
ݼǵ⣬ڶݶӸǵ٣ей
ݸ㣬й͵
һߵһϣûһ˵ǸǹүԺĶѾͷһѾͷ¶ĻǼӣԺġ
ʱͷǸǰ¶ˡ
ֽ¶Ϻ챦ʯĶ׹ӣӵױС
ǣ¶ԺĹӡ
ԸǴԺˡ
û㣬ˡԹʲôһͬ
ԼǸյεĽʲôˣʲô·½սսܵ
ԼıܻЩ۶ӡ
ƩµӪĸνԭĸĸӪ£Ƕнͷͷǵأҵ۾䣬ҵĳ򡣡
û뵽ݼôѸ١
ЦﲻǶ˵ˣǳ򡣳⣬ҲҲӵнҲô
жͷ˿ӣѵһ֯̽Ĵѡ
ϼˮɫ컪֯ѣһɫȹӣֻȹڼ顣ͷͷֻ÷ͷǶ챦ʯһҲݶʹõġ
ȹֲʧأžЩ
Ӹ첲ȣݣ游ʲô
Цоģģȫˡֻ֪ʲôɴ͵ѰӹֽкĿⶼͬ
ݡꡱһЦΪ֪أԭ֪
ּдŵĶլأվ裬ܲһգԲдڼϣҿүųȥ˵׼Ϊ¶
ݻûϵĶڲУȽʸ￴
һôࣿϻˣŶˡ벹ļױ־Ķˮ游ֱʣһ˰˰Ķϵˮ
ҪϰԼأͿǧˡ
˿ĭǣô
ô˵գҪ˵գǾţⶫҲǸҵġҸͷӶѣ׵úܡ
۵ȥҲ˴£ȴŶûܽ
̫үϲˬ˵ˣĶšߵͳ
游Ӳˬ̫ҽ
̫ү˵ǴϲӣͲ̫ҽˡ
ʱԸȥ룺Щµ游ĲЩҲǡͣᡣ
ȥүҪ̫ҽѾȥˡ
ķѾţʱҡϣѾͷֻ΢ָ̧̧⡣ֻ̺ˣ֪ЩӾͷǰ
ȥ󲡳ϸţֻҪһ񣬻
Ҳ֪ԼǹŹǰһ⣬ѺˣЩʱնѣֻϣϵøЩ
һֱ̫ҽʹŻصլ
Ƚ
Ժпʲô£̿ؼͶˣܽլСֻɷԺиٷ
СԺãʱѷǵӣ¶ס㣬һǮ͸ɸȥˡ
¶֪ڣɽס˿һ꣬Ѱӵʱ
ֺãһСӣ˵˹ӣȻȻͶ԰¶׽֮⣬£оƫ¶
ˣʣۿҪ¹򣿡
һգգ۾߰꣬СӰûܴսֻԺбѾͷ˵ġ
վԶЩֻ˶ô˵
֪ˡ
ȥ֪ڸʲô˵˴Ժӵģ»ͷһ죬緹Ҳûһá
֪
ۻˣ֣ˣ游ô÷ûУ˲˵ģóЩʵģ
ûӡ
ߣ˻游̫ҽЩҪϸͷһû÷Բס
ǸȻȴЦæʲôԸ˳һͷ
ǾƼ⣬ǿš
ʳһ򿪣ɷԺѾͷǶЩȻӴģôԸôһˡ
ٷ˳Եûϲ֪Ͷá
ٷƼͷֶҪһ̾²ˡ
һ¼ͷһͳζôصĶ
̫û飬ķָݶˣ˳Ĳ̹ࡣ
ˣɸпȢڶ һػˡ
˵轻񼦾嵭ζԣСѾͷȡݻ촽Ǵ˲ġ
ĸ֪Тʱ棬ʱ
Ҳһӳԣóԣϲ⣬һŲ˰轻񼦾
÷ż񣬿ʲôף
Ա㣬ʱ̾黢ĿЦɣҪˣ
۲»һգ˵Щ
ŵƣĶǡ뿴˭˭
۵ͷɱһ˶ߣɱ֮һ˶ߣ֮㶯ա
Բ۾ıϵģ͸һ
ֱıϣ
ЦЦ˰ΣЦԡ̫躽ƪ
ٿһӣߣ
ȥĶۿһʱ֪Ҫȥ
ȥ鷿̫д飬ȫóҿ


90 ϱ׽
Ȣ

ɽḮ, ԺҪƹ԰ߺһ·ܵ
۸ɴһ԰ӣ糿, ǺԺ¥ǰԺ¥, ǴƣܿʨĴɽ
ɽΧǽ, ָǰլԺ
һ, ҪȥӼ, Ը, ǾסɽµլӡҪڼңɽŷ, Ҳˮδ
ڼƵûţ뷨ƣۻСʱԺ, ܼǵõҲֻЩ
ֻ̹Լҳĺ, ҳĲǽôҲܴ
һƬԵ㡣ۼ²ߣֵ뿴Ǹ̫飬ģǽ̫, ԸϹĵʡ
һƣԭѽ
Сʱڳ, ŻΪ̫һģиֲͬӣͲ̫ͬ
ڻˮϣ֪̫Ļ, Ц
·, ԶԶƼүٷ, ߰˲ͣǹȥүЦǣٷˣг档
үЦ⵱ģǲһ
Ӹţ¼Ѿͷڷյ㶫ҪѼױУýյ鵵
æЩʱɷԺԭѾͷǣһҲҽǰ
ŸϻӣűһŤͷƼǵǸ¹ѾͷɫЩã λʲô£
ɫѿײʧ
ĵһңݽ㡣ҲѾ֪ˣٷݣݣһ̽̽ڷ磬һ
ǸϽͶˡ
ҳգűվš
УݽҼ䣬¸˱裬˵ϻӣʲô£˵
Ű죬Ѿʰˡ
үٷ˻ͰڷĵطңԡңҼǸѾͷЪֵҹĵط
ⶼƹˣݿɱȰ¶Ҫ뵽¶ջ
µ񣬻ʲô취ֻøϽѶȥ
ݽ㣬ҷŽûѹ͡
ѹû¹򡣡˿
»飬ḮԤĵĺȫǺͷĵĹӣ໨ԲЩԲ˵õ˫ɫԧ⣬ġ
İգٷ۾ء
ٷ˵֪ԩȻ̧ͷסݡ
ҪȻôŲ㣿ٷ۾಻ɳӡЦеģ仰˵˼
ǰֻԼ³죬Ҳ˵
¹գٷ˱Ҹͷȥ
ֻмһ·ˡ
ӣӼ޵СµĶӣģļ˳ȥӵǰͷġ
ҪǱϳȥֻСӡ
Ѿ֪ѾͷΪʲôģ˰¶ĹȨ¶дˡһ
֪ٷûĻϲ̧ͷٿݣĥһ仰ٷ۾಻ɳӡ
˿ĭСϻݣԺ£ԭǰ¶ţɹӽ¶ȥɽһҽ֡
ȫٷ˲ǡ˵ţϻǣǼԿ׺˲ᡣ
ݿһۣŰգҪʹٷˣٷ˵ͷš
վԤ˳ȥ֮ǰֱһģʲôʵ˺£ֻҡ
ȥˣŽ˵ʲôԿף
Կ׺˲ᣬ˵˻ӻ
ҲǹԣӲƽЩһģȥ޷ޣϲӣʲôùͷѽ
ͷѰ˼ңײẰɱģëҲĸģҲ¶
򲻺ɱ˼ңŲ档
Ǽ仰֪ģ˵ˡ
үΪʲô˰¶ɽȥһһꣿ
˵ûͨѵѵһùˣȴΪûţȲ̧
ó˲ᣬѾͷǵ
ͷд¶õһӵǮѾ޳ȥӣ͸һȵǧҶһġ
δү»罺ϥ
òø߹أ
ɽطãͷԺӸá
˴ˮСţмɽͤɷԺҪöˡ
ҪϲͰᵽǱ߾ɽҲ忪䣬㹻סģܸһ鷿á
Ȼϲ徻泩ͦط鷿ġ
ɸսžҪŲԺӣҪǱ֪ˣҪϹ֡
֮ա·סٰᣬû˵ˣȵ꣬Ҿ͸סӼȥ
˵¶ԾɽдҴҹ񣺡үٷˡ
δڣۿ˰¶һۡ
Щһ֪ʱĴšһ꣬¶صúܣһױƣ˵ġ
¶ٷǰ¶ûٷһûᣬĨ˹ȥ
ֻ²ٷʱүԺоˡȨ£ֻ취
ǰ¶
¶ϥǡ
Ҽסˡͷ
¶ܳ΢Ҫ˵үԸȥա
ǡ
Ȱ¶Զˣ۰಻ס棺ҪǷ¶
üһ㡣
Ҳɣɰ¶ĸ׸ģ¶ԭϷ̺ĸ¶Ϊ¶ڴҪܸЩ
ǰѾ֪ģûʱˣҲΪĸ״լӣ·Ϊϱ͡
̧һ۵ļ磺л㣬飬¹ӡ
¹ӣǸʲôл
۲ЦҲ¹ӡ
Ҫʲô
°ա
üһšĲɣҲá
õС飬Ҳ¸ӣʲôҪˣٸ¡
õС飿
ֺֺЦ
Ըӣ̫ϡ
ŲŤд֣ҵȥĸ׷˵š
ȥ
⼸·ʲô͵ģֲܽȥǰ׷ѹô
Ҳ㣬⼸ղԼ߶
ΪḮĹأֻôۣȥԺС
˵үٷˣȾЦͷһôˣ»밲Щ¡
ɱϱ˻أãƫꡣ
ĸס
۸ɴȥ԰￴
ۡ
ȥһ̶Ȳá
ۿյ趼ûϣܵͷȥˣ¶죺ôˣСֱŤˣ
ѽԼĶԼ֪һ˴ŵʱ仰ûУ˴ͻȻ죬ᳳˣ
ҡҡͷԼڣ˵˸ף֪¶ĸģԲĸ׷˵һ
ΪС£һˣ־Ц־ûڰϷЩģǸµĺӡ
ԭ˻İС֪ʣû뵽úܡ
΢΢ͷôþôãģû˸˵ϱ͡
Ҿһ񣺡лĸףȥɳӶ


91 
Ȣ

Ϸ, ̧ͷͼվϷԺеĻµš
С氢ӣڿЦүٷء
ǣСһͷ, ½, ȥ
ǡڴʱתƹ, ӭǰ˵ˣ
˵ˡ
ʱ, ɲ֪Ԥô, Ȼ˵, Ҳʡ
ֻе׻ǣ¶ûЩλ, ʵһ꣬ȨҲڰݼ·ʱЩС
ûеʱ¶, Ӧǲʲô
۰δ, а취Բ
˳ϷԺ䣬ŵտ¶Ǹʵģô
Ҳüˣҵͷ, źöôûһأСѾͷǲ, 
ɷԺ衣
ĸŮ޸ֵܣǹŵݡٷûһ
ɷԺˣֻ¶ٷҪ, Ҳֻٷ˲һƳ, ǰ¶Ū
̾ҷһӦ, ϱ»һҪˣܲòӣЩȥһˡ
ʡá
ҪðҲ£Űա
ۺһҪ°òʮֵҲø
ǵģȥô÷
Цﻹһ٣ϱеһ÷ʱ򡣡
յһ˰գͿţܸҳԼٷͶ벻ģʱʱѰߡ
⻹ãǰǧʣǧﱻʲô
˵Цǰ赽ȥ۸˵Ҫһ׹ġ
֪˺һͨ˵ֲ̣ͷӣľôģ
֪Ӹּɺ׵ӣ㷭ۡɴѹأУǴģ֦ƻƵӡ
ż
Լ¼ʱ̫̫ǿûС½ţĸȻҡͷ֮ǰҡͷˡ
ķϣһžУ̫̫һ⣬ϱͷһʵģǼֵܶ಻࣬ĸ׵ĸ硣
һǶߵüǻ˿ûϵķ
沶˲ҲǴʱġ
̫̫ô˵ģ
ҸǰģĿѽʫСȸ֦ɢҶ¶
ƫƫһ໹ûôġ
Ҳ֪үд˵ʲôүӲû﷿ȥֱȵӳ˲˿
ǻӲסһҪǡȹһûС
뵽˱㻺̾żЩڰǰ˵
֪ǰ£¸ʱ˼ί
ɵȵ۸أٵץʶ֣˿Ǻݺݳ˿
۸ĺӡô˵
̫ү۰۸ΪץС¡
Сץץʶ⣬ȻֻǸͷʲôḮץܳǱį̄һ̣㲻ܶ飬Ҳ渮
ĸץĲǺö
Ϸ꣬ĻУһ̫үʫһֶ
̫үеߣ˵һϾ䣬ܽ¾䡣
˵¾䣬ܼǵϾ䡣
ǻ۸ţЩǲˡ
࣬ûꡣﱲӱ̫үۡ
۸֮ķҲˣȹ۸һ࣬ѧҲҲ
̫үÿտһعΣ۸꣬ͽߡ
ﱲֻЩ١
϶Ӷʲôãûء
⽫ӯ˵۸ҲϢš
һڴԸ̺ƣ¾ƵСѡ
صɷԺѾͷ
ݣյ񶼹鵵ˣױҲ˿⣬Ӳڣû㡣˵Ű˲ύϡ
߹˵Ҫ˵߹ȥ
轡ĢˣǴʱȣζ嵭⣬ʺϳ
һͷͬ˵۾ɨۡ
۴ȡ˾飬ϣַҳװŴµӡ
ˡóСϻӣԿ˲ύˡ˵⿴ۣ¶ǹүԸġ
ʱŵҲסԺûٶǰȥɽһѶ㡣
ԺЩзӣ˽ڴ
صĵԼЩӣһˡ
游ĵأղգ
£ջѵ游ϲˬҹһȥһˡ
һһ佻»飬Ƕޡһ¶Ц⡣
ҲߣϵĲ£ܸʲôʲôã
ݵġ
ݲᵱŹү棬ֱͨͨ˵
һ˼Ѹ˹ܵ¶ֵϸЩܵĹܵ𣬹µר£˾ְ
һԺӵѾͷֻүסԺЩ˳¿ɾͲһĹȨˡ
ֵϸˣ˭˴ʱ׷
ۿϣٵǰ˽ԣͷȷǲ
ô죬ȥ֪ȥ߰¶ʰɽŲɷԺ
ݵͷӦŹү治
㷣Ѱ¶Ų鷿ǲͰڵǰˣ
ɸСѾͷȾͳɣǹǰһѾҲһˣ¶档
ԺһСѾͷǽգ
ǡ
ȥɽ߰¶ٷʰŲԺ˵ָǮ
ԸСѾͷӣӶ˵Ǵİûգȱ𣬹ү֮Ҫߵɽء
һٿЦˣ֪ˣҲ߽ݶȱųȥ
ð¶ΪԼҪˣһŲȥ¶Ҳǿաү˼Ĭ˹ôǰ¶ȷʵǷˡ
۵ѾͷǶȥˣ᣺ҪѰ¶Ų
һͷǰ
㡭ûȥΪ԰Ƣݷ¶
ŹֵһۣΪһѣհûʲô˵ʱ̺㣬й͡
۰Ѱ¶ɽ˵̺úã
ҲΪ̼Ĺͣ׵㣬޸ԺµĶӣױƣޡ
ѾͷΪôһ׮Сʹ򷢳ȥ
۳һû뵽Сʹ룬¶ĹĻᡣ
һָͷҡһҡ۳Ծգգ۾ֻҪЩ˼úðҾͲ׷ˡʵҿԺ󡣡
ᶢ
¶СѾͷţϲЦտҲǮҪɽأ
ӳףȥӼ࣬ǱضҪԺȥûеֻͷʲô
ſҲڡ
ʱʰŰԺȥɷԺȸٷ񣺡лٷˡ
ڰڷٷ˵úõ
¶ǧлŻصУ͸һǽһͳӺݺһڡ
Ϸ֬ųˣʹ֮Цӯӯˣûһ֬
֥飬Ŷ֬ҧһڣ֭
ԵñǼߺ飬ȥÿ游ˡ
Ա˱Щʳ̫޺ϣһۣμա
ֻӣݶվԶԶġ
ﶼſǻôãҪţôƫƫǻ˲ӣԵĻôգôƫƫһֻ䡣
ܳʲôӣ˭ң
ô룬ȴеԼҧסĻ̼ҪǺ̸ûнҴá
̸öġ
һʱ֮侹벻취
أôڣ
ôɻ󣬾ͼ۴
üĿҲƽģеİ죬ȴ֪˵ʲô
üͷɫ仵ȴҲؼỵġ£һһ
еİһֻȫȫβĽ
ǳ˻ŵļʱ
ֻӺʣǲǡǲ֪ˣûûԲԲš
˭£
ûԲԲ˺üأ
ۣԺģӣȥȥ񡣡


92 һ
Ȣ

, ӽڵգǲҪˮ
ݶǰ˯, ˱ϡ
һʱδѹ, ݶֻùŹ֡
û, ݶҲһŸյּҵɪģ, ɻֻһӡҡͷҲʡ
ֻĽ
ҪĿ, , Ҳ̲ס˿̱ˡ
, еĻ̼δԸݶվҪˣȥ񣬶, ¶һȥ
¶ڴ, ʱɷԺϲãһ
»͵ݶͰ¶
ݶͷӦãʱȥ
Ҳû̫࣬ӻŵ, ҲӦġ
ݶͰǹԸ˰¶Ĳ, ¶Уߵߵţţ¶ͷʰ
Ѿͷ, Ƽ¶ˡ
¶, ٷȥ, һ»񡣡
¶ʱϵ¶վӦţ
ٷɸĵһ£صðˣסݶĸ첲ߣҴţٷ̵ģ뻻ڣֻȥھǡ
ʱɫδոȥûϨ
÷иĲˣûİڳϲʣˡ
˶ӺϵļѼֻûģôȥôǵĶӡ
ǳãֻĴغͷ͸סȥ
һ¶Ѿͷʱ֪ٷ˴ġ
¶һ·ݶ˵֪ԭٷ˷ǹߵġҲ֪зѾͷյ㣬ָݶ¡
űλˣٷߵݶ㡣
ݶ
¶Ѿʶݵˣ˳ƺݶǹϲ޾ɫﴧţݶҲЩʶ
ٷ񡣡
ĻݶһˣǶŵϸϸġ¶һŮɫ֪к¡
ݶȥ̧ʳڵĽĸٷ˽ҵɷԺˡ
¶ϲʱͽݶʲôԵģвõѸ⣬ȥ
ݶСȻָֻ֪һģˣԼЩ
ٰԣҲҪЩ㣺л裬ٷҹ˲˵ģûθڳԵġָָŵĴУϸЩ˲£ٷٲǮ
ݶˣＸٷߵѾͷһɡ
˽֪ٷ˳ߡ
˵ú¹Ǿӣû뵽ߵѾͷͦլĵ
ݶȥϸˣǺõġرǽԵĶ׵ãɲףȻ￴ôֻѰѵõġ
԰˵ͷЩûɵΡ
һһΣûɣ
ȥʲôʱ
˻ûȥȽү˵Ҫ̫үҹٷ˲ص
̫үƷҲֵҹͷ֪ˣعңҪʲôʰ˻ȥ
ϸ÷ûУ֪࣬ŰѸɾʰþȥá

ϱ밢ճɻ飬Ÿգ游㲻á
ǻѾ²ҩһ£Ҳǳɻ죬Ź˲¡
ɾǼգ游ͻȻأ
Ǹһɻ飬游㲻ãôҲҪڡ
ͷĻر̺̫ү̵۽̵̫ү˳ٷǸʶġ
Ŀԣ˰Żù۶£ëˣÿ괺ҪԵġ
ȰˣүϣүТİա
֪۲ȻҹＸû˯ϴ¡Ҳֵҹˣ֪ǸΣûк
ۣ׸һʲôĽ
۾һأֳ磬صλͽˡ
μԼ³ʱһͷлˡ
лô̵ʱȫ˻
Ӳӵģںֻں̰˻᲻ܡ
һ˾ģȻϲӯӯģŰ֣үòã
֪ʵʲô㱼ǵ¶˵ġ
һ뵽뵽ղ¸Ŵˣ𰢵ղ¸ˣһͬʵ¡
УȷʵûԲԸ⣬Ҳû˼
˭ҲûȥǶ򣬾һԺյһ룬оˡ
İԺ̵Һܺã̲Ҫң򿴹ˣ̵ɫԽԽˡ
Ҳģæˣͺˡ̿ɿ죬üһ棬ֻҪҴã˯ŵëܺһ롣
мݣˤҲִҪĸͷѼ´þ
ɫǰԲ㣬ƴ󡭡ôͰ޳ȥ
ɲΪ£ղ¸ʲôǣ̫ܵ
ǳḮûϣۻĸһ
û뵽۾үϲˣȷʵǳֺӣҧ˽ֻ䣬үѾ˵ֵһˡ
ˣĸ߰¶ȥүˣԭǸӾǰ¶
ǡ˵ʲô
¶Ҳûã˵ү˵ģοĴ¡
һҹµʱͷӡ
¶󣬻ȰˣһҲ򷢳ȥأ
˺Щ¸ǸȻٷίҲȥǳϵ˲ģų©
еİٴ޺ϣ̲סһů˰²ֱܹˣжóȥġ
óżױӺһֻϻӣЩұܣ轻š
ϻװӵĵǶʮױԿס
ЩֻȨˣΪϺÿȻӹˣЩģҪ
Ծס⡭Ƿ˸ٷ˵˽ģ£ҾǴȥҲա
ŲգҲգת档
迴ŰǳԾ¶⣬尢ͷٷ˵˼֪ˣͻȥˡ
еİ룬ɣǸˡ
˵
Ӷһۣӵȳˣĺƣӷ𡣡
ΰѼ䣬˯¡
ۿۣôˣҷŽ˯ʵء
һͷ춼ѾˣصŻģһۻС
Сʱôġ
˳§סѾͷȥˣоɷԺٷ˸ʲôȫ֪
ҲŻϱŵ죬¡
ǻҲǰʣֻǲȥ
ϱ֪£ֻŭʱ𣬸һԴİգӵġ
˸Ƿۻ˯ȥ
һҹδߣîʱϰѸģЩˣŶ»ӣȥȥ鷿
ҲҪӡ
һ漴ͷáԸѾͷóѷڵɽȥٷҪ⡣
˳ϴˣݣȥ¶ǲΡСȥҴûֹӡ
ݲԣͷǡ


93 
Ȣ

һ˺ƺƵɽȥ
ӽڰ, ְѱӹ棬Ժȥɽڻ¡
һ䣬ŵСѥеϡվ, ֻһֲ, һֶޡ
űֻöߺһ
߰꣬ǰ, һ, ǰա
ֵţǰ޼ʹ
Ȼ֪ٷ佫ҵĹ, ˶ڴ, ٷɹױɹ˽޺͹
ô, ţС벽
ƤЦһڶ, ұ׼˾ɿɨȥ, лԶأͷϡ
ϥһϡ
̵ɴ˫ĿֻЦĳ˾һѣվ, ƫƫ, ɱӰ
صȥԴɵСӡ
ձޣ費ÿŷſֽ, ľŽڸֱ, һԲ
ӴСĿȾ, ûѧӣҲ˵óŵӽ˳ƶѧֻ˸űߣǹáٷñģûʮ๦
˵ɨһۣһʶӣֵˣӾ¹
̾һ֪ˡ
۱ˮƽ̨ǰңңţں䣬ϸֱ޺ţĴ
ϱӽҵţҲûжӡ
ţ뿪ǡ
ӡ
ڡ
ٷƽʱҪʲô
ľͷ׮ӣû̡ľͷ׮ǴҪүŪؼҵʱ򣬹ﻹԸأҪ׮ӡ
ͷ׮׵ã׮ӿɲף̫Ժڸľ׮ӣ׮
̾͸ף꼯ת˵Ļ̣ʮФ
Ὣմһ֬ˮǼѡһҲ֬ˮմФͼϡ
Сʱıӣ˲㱡Ϸŷ죬ߵ
ǴͷˣɽѾˮûʲôӣȥϴͷ
ʰֳ÷
ţͳѾԤˣ̵ЩҩģֵǱ飬Ԥ̳þơ
ʲôþƣ꣬һ죬Ҿʣ¡
Ů졣⻹۸ʱ֪ԭСԺǿͩ£ִ̳Ů졣
޵ʱ̳ģ֪
ӢϾʱӢ쵹Ҫڳ·;ңԶС̳Ů죬һֱͩ¡
ʱͩʱڡ
ɼˣרһ˳ݣԺеľ˻ϱûȵⱲܸúһµŮ졣
һ뵽һ̳ƾôڵ£۱Ŀ̾
ЦˣٺûˣðʱʱҪ߶
糿ۣҪȥϷ밲һȥģûžͼѾʵʵͷˡ
ãɻͷգûСɩӷĵ
Ű۾һؾص񡣴ĸйŶãɩӺá
ֱ㽫Ҳˣȥء
鿴۸磬һڣ˵˵ģҪȥ
һĻ٣Ҳûˣȸȥ˹Ӽ࣬ոһ
ңͰöɩɩȥһ졣ͲŮЩŸĸȥˣЩֱžţղС
˸һ֡
ͷ춼գվŸʲôڷ۸æҲͷ
ǡӦǰȥ
Ѿˣ͵㲻ȥ³ʤæգóˣЩʱҪ͵ġ
ÿ½ԥû
´ǣӼһ͵µѧҲ³ˣкЩ
֮еԣЩѧ׷ţ̡
һߣʣŵĴӣȥסһҹЩٻ
Ӧлĸס
ϸףͷǾ񻹸ԭһǳƲҪһֱ䡣
ǲǷ޺֡
Ż͵ȥ̫̫Ϸ밲ˡ˶˶٣֪ˡ
˲˵Ҳ֪
죬Ѿ֪ˡ
Ŷ֪ʲô˵˵ءЩȣҲܿó
˵ˣ˵ˣĸĪ֡˵ˡĻſڣﲻϲңҺޡЩϷ˼ĸơ
䲻ͷΪȽţԼˣִҲ֪͸㣬̫̫Ǽҡ
¶Ȼɫ¶ۺ鶼û߹Ͼǳ£ÿڡ
ЦˣɿЩҸϲͷɲ
ʡãĸҲŸģͷҶȻ̩ɽǰ治ɫ
˵ֱЦ鶼Ʋȥ͵Ц
Ϸһ󣬵극ۻǰ滹ûɢɷԺȥЪ
ûЪϰߣֻ˸Ҫ˯һɴȥ̿ī֡
ݻֽīһĥīһߵ¶ȷΣȥֹӡ
˵ҧķյķ巿ֲݡ
ʼһ٣һīڰֽϣīο
־Ҫֽµģҡͷأ֣ôСīӣϲһֽ
ͷһдĸҲƮ
ܼ鷨ģһ֪ڷգдûڼҵʱ
һд֣ž
ţѾͷػأǧҶƼٷϰ֣г棬ͷǶּŮʶô
ôٷһǴʱʶ֣ԲƷһ֪ճ̺īġ
Ͱ¶һԺ˶øȥ¶ٷˡ
дһţ±ʣ
䲻ΪλЩΣȴѾ֪ģôϸڵС¶ܶԵϡ
ⲻͬеԼһ
Σȥ￴һôġ
ȵҹûסɣҪûڴȶô
۸ս˼ɴѣҪȲ裬ʣû
յһڣûҲȢΪ޵ġ
סˡ


94 
Ȣ

š
ּԤŮ, Ӣ£֡
ϲ֣ҵĺҪһժ¡ǵЬ, Ҳһ, ýҸɻ첻ͬ
Դ𣬾æµš
ϲͷﶨ, ϾͰٹﰮԵķˡ
Ӣ³, ˺üС, , ͷ⣬̳⡣
Ĳ˵öЩ, ߵʱȥӢ°ҳԲϰߣȥϱţܵþһӡ
ǲܸŹүȥӼ, ÿĳ, ԼҲǶϱͷϻء
ϴֶ磬ʣһô磬ҪҪʱʵزˣ
Ӣ, ѹүˣԶԶ, ʱģѿ㴻ѿ
, ִ˼ڼеš
ӢҲѵͷ, ڼеȴʱʱ첱, ЦŶʱ磬ҲȰǱߵĳûô졣
ѧ˰ܼңȻֻۣҸӢͰ
ȷܹ£ĵҲˣӴܸ࣬ӢЦϼ䣺Ѿ˵ӿˣһƼҵ͸Ͻ
û䣬С˱ˣˡ
ӢٿͰȥſӭ£ɶȥȥá
õֵģӢʮӣࣺùǼҲ⼸ˣøų档
Ļ᲻֪أⲻʮôż޲ðʲô׵
Ҳһ£Ըͷȥڴſڽӵ³İ
һɴ֣һˣ
ЦüҡͷˣҲ֪ЩƼˣģûסˡ
źͷأأ𣿡
һӣ֪ҹòһ۵ļ磬סߣͷȾȥ
۽񣬻ûͬ˵ͼӱĸԺȥˡ
֪˽˵ҲµЩʲôġ
ݱҿŸҵĴ˯˼ҹζˣ̹
ûô˫۾ţԺҲûô߶
Ӣһ£ȻˣôҲȵϱҪѽ֣үòã
ͲµҪһˣĺʵһģһ
İͬ˵ʵ⣺ð˵ˣҪǴҲãͽһؼ
Ӣ֪ɻǰһգ԰˵Щ˵⡭Ҳ᲻ðί⻰ɲ˵
֪򿪵ĺӣó֣ˣĶģʱһ
˶Ǹ㿴ӣ㳣ԵĵĶˣʵģ㿴⽭׹Ӷǽըġ
׹ݶԣְѵĺнӣָݶ
Ӣ¿Ϻй⣬΢΢ͷЩ㶼˰գദ𣿡
ɣҲһ棬ھǵļ˼Ҳһģôȡ˵꣬ۼҪ֣Ǽô˵
֪ͺãӢһ¶ͷҲãȲǵ׵ģҲɿЩ
۱ִиѹţͺҺڳԿӣǿոơ
ִҪ˵ҹţмҵĵҪˡ
̫£
ԪҪ̫µ£Ѿ˶ա
ǣֻ֪Ὣҵδһ뾩ٻˣִҲѾԸһͬΡ
ȴһƷ䲻ʵȨ࣬ʵˡ
žԪ۴ӳݴϲǣѾϺЩִҲŵϺˡ
ҪôսĴ㣿ʵ
ֻ߲±뻺սŸյôλսĿ˹󣬱±
ϱӣǸ±ϣǨġ
˵˴㣬ʶֶ顣ԭǵˣҲ֪ЩҪս£״ֻ̲һζ¡
ִжŮ˵ЩҪʲô⣬Ҫ뿪ǣĲ°
ģҲðһίġ
ִзƼŮǻӣһ룺Ҳģ㰢᲻ô㣬ء
ЦǺǿһۣĪš
ԺİҲ֪˵Ҫε£ʲôʱ֪ģң
⻹ô磬֮ǰзˣ㰢ֻ˵ġӢͷ˼޲ŵεģҪȻš
ƣܳؼģһߡ
֪ҾͲˡ˳˵ְһ¡
ҪˣһءӢһ£§ס£ֲûˡǹӼ಩ʿҲڹӼ࣬ⱲӶھܿüš
ˣҪ㰢࿴ȥˡ
ѽļҵĹʲôģʲô飿
ûأҲ߶ˣź˵ġ
ϸϸ̵ԽԽˣɫôãҲûĺ㲵ģˣҴ˺λոͣɼҪԡ
أÿ춼ʵġӣɵðӵˣÿŰŮҪء
ȻԼңſ˳ԣǸЩ
Ӣ쿴֪ģסˣҸʢһСͣȥʱϣûζ㡣
̲ס̣⼸ûٳԺöҲװӺء
ѳ׵ϾͳԾƼ˵ˣүר˿ḮĴﶼ֪ﰮ⣬Ҳ벻⡣
װģһۣЮһͷ⣺ѽԼ졣
⻰˵꣬յϨƵʱ򣬰ԤЪ¡
ˣ̼֮ɫָһƣ쵽˴űߣԺеƻСѾͷȥš
ߵԺУŴʣ£
Ҳˣȹӣɫ쳱δʣ²ѵ游
̫үãԸǸϽүȥ
ǰˡ
۳֪ˡתݣ
°οµģĪ£˯գٻһһ
飺һǸȥա
ۿһۣײģû£Ъš
ܿ컻ѳȥֵҹˡ
˵ǡҲ̫̫ˡ
ѾڰţмײģûߵľҼؾĳҪǡ
֪ҪĲãҲûӡҲˣǻǵûȥҼؾ
Ѿͷһ붯֣ܿ˼ǳˮ̵Ĵͷ
¶ŹӢôƫƫôӡ
ɻϳɺѰ˻ȥ
վˣʱ򣬾ҹ֮лյ
ķ巿վһ飬վһ飬վڵĸ
ۼӻϱȴûţ֪ӣŵͳ£˵ȥ
زǰ
̫үǵգһ̵ס˳ҹȲ˶žˡ
Ҫ̫үûˣֻҪһֱķ巿˵졣
ô룬վ󣺡ĸס
һͷͼѾˡ
Ѿѣʱһ죬˼ӣҲ˼
һͷס֡
Ҳ԰ͷί㡣
氲һŴүүĿ
˺˶һۣһԺˢˢһƬͳҪᣬǵ÷Ը˵죬үүš


95 
Ȣ

һһҷ˹, ҹ纮ǰשʪ䣬ֱ, ĸ££ȹӡ
˿һ, ϱ֡
̫ү˵ʱΣԴ˹۸, , ˵۸̫үְֽ̳ġ
һͷ, ˱ͳ, дᡣ
ȷǳģһĨһ߽¹ס, ԰˸ͣޡ
ʵûģ̫үֻһ棬Ȼһ˰˰Ķˮ, ڰ, Ǹ۵ġ
ֻţ游ͦ۰С
ĸ㣬֪ӦҪޣ۾, Ǽ
Ļ, ˶ڿޣĬĬᡣ
ͷȥסװװӵģȴİ
游, һ׽, ڼϿ, Сһı޷
ɰһ츣Ҳûţÿ˵𰢹ͷƣ̾Ҫܵٶ㰢ӾܺùЩ
𰢹ӣ̲סᡣ
ȵչչ˶ϱʱͼ޵ʵ⡣
һ⺢ӣһƬϡ
һ˹ޣģɤӣһſǻһԸ
ģϰ׵ġ
䣬Űһĸһ޾ɥ£ʹ졣
޵ʣҲ֡
û뵽ǣܲҪ޵գܳŵסĸ׸ôܵס
иô룬һҡ
̫̫ιȥˡ
εʱ
ְ˽Ű̧̫̫巿£ķȥ̺̫̫
˺ķһۣ©Ҳ֪̫̫̫үǶʲôûС
ɩɩʵѲ̫̫տˡ
ɩǸĲʲô¶Ըմ֣ܻǮľͻǮ֡ɴɩһǳϱʲô¶öǰͷ
һֱ˵Ǳ߶ȻҪһͨģǣȥš
գգ۾ôĸ˵úܡ
ٿĸڴĸǰӦӣˣ
ĸĸ˵ͺĸ׸˵
ҸɩԤҹǲЪġй۸Ҳ֪ͷ̫ү˵Щʲôɫɶ̫ÿ
˽طУϷԺССÿһȵӡ
ַԸСѩȥ˵һѸóĳˡ
һžѾطϸȥˣ˵ﴦ
ͷȥ
˰꣬԰˵չ۸Ҫġίˡ
ҡͷֲңû˭ǹίҲΪίġ
˵ҪĸЦһЦ𵽵׼ɥ£Цȥ
ĸףȻܸܲȥ
ɡ˵ͷӦˣһû˵꣬ݾطҪ
˰еͷ䲻࣬ÿһá
˴μ任£ʣôôˣ
ԭǼӣ廨Ƕ߸ˡϸһƽߡȹǺڹȻ߲ĺۼ
ݶķӣ˵طТ±˶ȻУֻǹûطҪɥģôҲһգ
ŷصȼϳһɷԺưڲء
¶ǧҶҲһϾܸϳˡ
¶Ű¶˭ҲʱԺ˵һɥ
ŻѣһطҲˣҲһմȫ޺ߵĴ죬һˮɫ
˻ʰһԼТ£С͸ȥ϶ȥһЩʲô
СŰȥˣҲûˣ˷˵Щ
̾˿飬Ļ£Ҫ
Ҳ֪ĸʲô˼ͷȥ
ûһѾͷ˶£ֻԲˡ
̫үһȥҲ֪̫̫᲻Ҫּҡ
ҲֻԳڣҹͳԵ٣ˡ
ֻаһ˳Եú㣬нصģͷȴʣüֹ
һ붼ˣȰĸöЩһڣͷͷҪɥǸ˵ɥ޵ñȥһġ
ųС룬óԤʳУ
ȥƹ۸游ôҲȰһЩ˸Тһ꣬ӹǲŸӲЩҲסôڡ
֪һȰԡ
Сѩ¶ͭ裬̺˺ϴױ
ҪţֶסŲǲǣҲϴ
ſ޹۾ͷǺġ
ݸȰϴϷֲſڣֻõͷȥ
̾ɵӣϴʲôѽϴôȥⷬģýй۸źء
⣬ҲƽЩֻǿĸ׺öԼҲΪˣʳУǰͷȥˡ
֪²ЦģͲס̧ڿڣװһЦ⡣
ѾˣŲŶǰȥ
ԺСѾͷǰƣУȴƼԶ͸Ļ⡣
ظУߡ
һ·ãվúȽۡ
ҵ飺ǹЩʳ
Ӧȥү
ۻʱһ£ѾطɽڻТ£Сϡ
ɫ룬񵹻á
ôˣ
һߣҾ͸ˣǰ͵ҡ޺¸ס˲ܶ
ΪǸȻӻ£ˣޱ鷢ίˡ
Цˣôͬĸ׶ô˵ҲŲ¶ίء
µƻİۻǿȦ΢죬֪Ҳſ޹ˣһʱ΢ȣ˵
ϽԵ㶫æޣдҪϽЩ
ۼˣһס˰֡
磬ʱ򴦴ܣֻҪһţָġ
˵ʧׯأñ˿
̫ˣϲǡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôϲǶ治졣
ǽס֣󣬰ҲûŽֳ˵ţֻһбСỬ䡣
һס̧üۡ
ɫֺδ䣬һɨͼȾͷ¶һ½ǡ
ҹɫ֮и
游˸ʲô֪
Ųæ˳Żͷ˵ȥǶֻ游Тģĸ׺һչ˵ġ
˵ջȥźۼӲƤУߴһҹȼůůӡ
д󶨣³˸ɾŵȥЪһЪҪ졣
ҹ¶ϸ£ʲô£һ֪ġ
ͷʳУӡ
ûϷֱɷԺ
ѾͷǣҲû
˴ϵĲƣǱУҪҪأ


96 ƣ
Ȣ

ҧס, ָСӲǣŸƿһ㣬֡žһϡ
ҳһֻСϻ, ⱾƤӲӷŽȥ, Կղء
û򿪿, 游µ˽Ǯ
˰Ķˮ̫ү˵͸, һʵǶ˽Ǯѽ, ô͵͵ġ
Ҽֵҹ, ¶ʳҲֻ, ܴӴҪʳǶȳһڵӣæҡ
عТѾͷǵطȫģ¶, һ˷һ, Ƚǡ
Ǵľ£Ҳϴɾˡ
ݽӹллˡ
Ӵͷţ̲סҪ̾氢ǳ, նû, ôƫƫǽ죬Ͳܻ
ıԹָĬĬ˾ɲ̫ү
˵, һ˵İֲÿô죿
ȥ, ¶߿οñЩ, ̫үĲҲ˼ˣȥ͡
Ҫɥ¡
뵽ȥ괺죬¶湫̼Щӡ
ѹǻԤȫˣҪ˰ԵȥǾǳģʹء
֪¶£¶˵ⷬҪ˿ˡ
һʱ֪ýʲôݻѳ
¶˵˷ûʣٷʲô֪һԤǰڵĵĸɹʹˮԤʳ
Ҫ³ʲôջ³һʱͲ˿顣
ӱ죬׽˾ܶٶٳԵˣƫƫҪТ
˵óЩؼգҪĶǷ˿İӣЩ֭һ裬֪Ϊѣ
ǾҪʳ¶һЦˣ̫̫իʱ㰮ôԡ
ܳԻ磬û˵ܳͣӰڿͼ壬ҲܽСʱѵԣ˿Ҳˡ
Ϊѵģһ͹¶ŷҪٷǰͷ¶ʱ򣬲˵ؼӣѵģҲ
ڴӱӣֱ򿪿źġ
ƻһһԺϸϸĶ˯ˡ
ϻлǵصĺ죬ֻ˰ס
İТ£½𻷽ΣϿο̫үˣʱˣͷҪ˵죬͵Ƿƨ
ֻ˵ˣһ֪ӶȻûġ
ȣ̫үں˰ɵ³һ
ɸֻ»ҹڷЪһҹڶվ˯鷿
ǹ߻ῴ䲻ҵ治Ҳ֪λٷүû
ҪȻôҪôûϸţ
ȳ˽£үͷ˺ݺݷ˳ϵˣ¶ﶼ˳ȥԺͷ͸ӷǮ·һ
ƫƫڴʱ̫ү¡
ʵᵽ鷿ȥ˯ϰ⡣
ӻ⣬ȥһ룬ЩʳȥôҲ취ѵôӣ
ʲôã˼죬»ڶվ͸ļˡ
Ҳȥ̫̫Ƕ֪ḮӵڹٻҪ³پƣﶼˣοޡ
Ӷţɵ㣡㲻ͳ˹ܼӣʲôѽүÿ㣬Ҳ֪¶Ҳ˽
ɽͷЩʳôɺŲɣ
һлģɽȥҲɡ
ѼҹܺãͶԵĸˡ
ɡɳǰ㲻ǻ˵Ҫúùô
ںúùӡЦˣͷİգǳէŻҸĸ׽¹ȨǾҲˡ
İ˵ͷƢ
ԭǼζ̵̻ģžúЩ
ͼеԼȥ̫̫У˵ҽžͻظϡ
ķ˵ôȣүͣҲͣס
ÿȥϷվ󣬲ʵ㲻˵ĸ׽ġ
ķȴ˸̫̫ιҩʱүһֽ̳ģ˵ǰŲͷʵС͸ţ˵ʱͻᱳʫġ
еİ⣬ͷš
ĵúˣϱúÿο鷿߶߶
Դţδȹе񣬶Ҫ֣ͻȻ򰢱ͷ⡣
Цˣлҡ
ȻΪãС޺ͺ󣬵ȹТСӡķЦ˰֣Ҫӣطе
⣬һļƤ
İһ̫̫ķţ¸ĸס
üһšͬ߶ĶҲ˵Լӵطң
ֻһŮ
ȻѣǸȥʲôطǶƭ˵ġ
ô˼ңſɲ٣˵طǶǺȷңء
ʲô˼
ܿ죬еһģһˡ
Ů춼Т¿飬ĸ󣬲ʱչĸ׺
Ӷ˲ʱЩŲסĸ׵ͷЪЪȥ
һϵĹТﶼ
ûŮϢױĵطϣһʲ֪ûʲô¸ϽҪһЩǡ
ܳ⣬͵óͳǳΣʲôԣܳŵס
ʱķˣôˣϽģЪһЪ
գҪ˵˵Ļգ
ɰ̫үһֽ̳ģĵúˣҪοЩķ˱˵ģϱĿЩŹ֣һʱЩ˵ȥ
ЦһЦЩҲż˵տա
̽һ̽õʲôûУҹǶϸˣʲôҲûС
ͻȥˣ۾һ˲ȷˣ˵Ƕӵطǲģ
ȻģסЦķӣŮóӡĻѡ
յҸ㡣ԸԸŵġ
ɻջܸϵû̫ү鷿Ķһߵġ
ﰲ֣ãֻǸԺɨСˣŷ
游̫¹游Ĵ£ʲô
ϱ֮游ţһһ֮꣬Ƴ˵ɺϣҲʵ̫Щ
۳̼㰢֮ǰҹ塣
ʲôʱּұš
үģ̫үҿšӦúúõģɷȥּұŵĲĶ᳤
СˣѰŷš
ۼϻӴֱá
ȻΣյȥɳһԾ
Ľôˣ游Ÿպҩ˯£Ѿõöˡ
һͷҴǷƹȥ
ү˵үӲŸ˯ȣĪҪ
סһۣ壬ۿ游Ѱ˵Ųүֱȥ
ĸ嶼ڷڣ򳤱
ͼ游ڴϣߴʵʹǽǰ˸̼裬ϻаûҩ
۾һɨʣأôûڣ
ʹˣҹš
۲游ߣ游ҴĶһɨͼβĳб򿪵ĺۼ
̫̫ƺ̫̫Ǳűġ
ʵ̫үҪö࣬ȳϱҲ˼ꡣ
̫үԪӷһŮʱѾʮ꣬Ӱ꣬ŮʮҪޣиеСҪ
ӣȢңŵڱ߲ȥ
ĸټҸϰŮ޸ӵ
ЩƫƫӶģжҲһͷ
̫үǻٽ׻ߣȢңȢŮ˽
¬ǻ񵽵Уġ
¬ҲԺչֻǻѾǰ
ǿ¬ϼ޽¬ҵļҾֺתֻж¬˽ҵģ㲻ö֪ˡ
ʱ̫үι٣һӦ¶˼޴Ĳң̫үҲֻֻ۱ֻۡ
үŻʱʱչܵܣرǻû̵Сܵܡ
ĸһţ׾ΪȥˣѵܵĸۿĸĸĹ£ۼĸһδ硣
ܷİѵܵܽĸ
ԹʮǰѾˡ
̫̫ӵ۸ТģŰգҲЪţǸҹ
˵ʹ˸ɫӣ÷ĶˣʲôҲûҵ
СҲһңܲҵ
̫̫СӵֵҼԲ裬´ӿۡͼ۹ؾ̤ϣͷӽʽ
Ĳ£Ҽѹ鷿࣬˵׼үʲôطǲ֪ġ
Ǿͽ˶ţûзҶ
ǿܷƵĶլСƣǴƣ
ôҲðѶҳ
̫үΪѹֻƬһ仰δ˵Ȼ٣űˡ
һһҲδ¡


97 С
Ȣ

ָ游, ¡
ŹͷûӲ֮ǰϸϸ澻
̫үվãò֮ϵζ, дҲѬȾ, ҪϸȾһɲľ˥Ϣ
ϴ˫, ȵˮʪ, 游޷, , δԡ
֮ʱе̴, 游ǰõϣ游˵̴䲻ʲôصϣ֮ľ
Ҫľ
Щʱ嶼, ², ̫үͷڡ
̫̫ԸˣðүӴϵĶùıһջ̫үߡ
ﴲµĳǶѾѹ, ͷƽճԵҩ, ʲôҲûСǾֻвʴ죬ѱӲ𿪣һͷٿ, ûа
̧ü, һۣŲľ, ʰЩ١
үһۣЩëͷȻȻѾԸȥˣТﶼѾڴˣǰ׵ưѾˡ
Խ飬Խǻࡣ
΢΢ףࡣ
֪ʲôǶ游ڴϡ
ҳֽԼĪƴСʱҳëһ֪Ǹ˺ġÿһȰǱҳ
ҲⱾӻɻ
û᳤ˡ
һ۱ޣҵһֱ̫үصڣҹ˿ңйû̫үڼѾ޵ȥ
ְأȰ
˺ܿʢ˹ľУֻǰʰãҪ̧ͣ飬Тơ顢ֽ
۵үʣ游ʱǰˣ
岻ʣʹ⼸̫үҹ㷸ԣֲҪͷ̺򣬵̫ү̵
ʳأ̫үҩҩأҩЧʳ壬һСÿʳг
ʳӶš
𣬵鷿ȥһĿ͸
᳤Źţվ󣺡ҵյĶ֪ĶҸү
۵Ȼ֪ʳֻǽȥ鷿
һɨ۾ֽ֪ϵ飬ҲЩЩλá
ֻ游ϵ̺ûüÿ򿪿
ߵ鰸ǰǰһֽֽī£游Щдģ˼ҳֿ˿ϰŵᣬĿ΢
ֽдĶһĶȴûⱾ顣
游֮ȷʵ𾭣ϰڵҲǷ𾭣дȴǡӡҵ伮
۹Ŀһ۱֪
˾оž游ڵڼˣֽдĶǵھž ϵľġ 
᳤óʳү
šֽӹܱߵԲϣһһŷʱʱü˵
һôβɣ
ҡҡͷǲˣǰ²ûùΡ˵ߵǰȡҩ
棬īֽʳϼֿҩĶһһд£һһ֤ʱʱһ䣺忴
ȻԿѾæ˰ޣ񲻼ãŻϽȥ塣
ģֵܣⶫҪˣﻹ֪ô֣Ŀء
ߵĳʹɫ̺үȥͷһ̫ү
һ᳤Ѿķ巿ˡ
Ҳɵȥȡ飬ֽùŻأؼˣڳƤӵ£ȡ˳
ͷһ쳣Ҳޣɫ⣬ָιҳҳмŵıӡ
СУֽҡ
ǡڴʱ˳ʳת֪˳ȥ
ʰʱͷһ᳤˵ǷܷǧʵĺöүӲĶ
޲ܰѴҲͷûмв㡣
ٷ˸үͷ
˵ʲô
û˵ʲôٷү̫ģԵ㶫ůůӡүٷ˻ȥʱϸ·
˭Ҫ˵Щһ֣鷿ùʲôûУ
һֽһʶûù
ӷŵҲյ裬ۿŵģǻм٣
ȥǰͷðںûС
ű顢ֽ۹ϣ۹۱ǣǹģ游ֽ
ֽ𻯣ǷɽŰҹڵֽңһ֡
ϱӣױдʫﾰԪۣ鷿üأΪѵǱӣ
ʱȥȡ˼óʤ
һͷӦ£ȳ³ʤ£۱ܹˣȥһ᳤
³ʤЩԾ̫үչӾҪµĶӡ࣬ӷԸʲôȥʲô
³ʤһͷǡ
Ѿܲߣ󲮻һ󲮡
һҹһգڶڲŻصɽȥŲ𰢱ɷԺԸٷ
ʳģҲһһҹкá
ۣһ١
ô΢̧ǲˣȦ΢࣬һȦĿҲɡ
ʳУԵաиһ˱ǡ
ͬýͱӣж˿ڵģ㹽ڵġ
û˵㹽еôЩࡣ
һٷ˽ţ˳ȥ
۲żԶֽң§ϥϡ
һҪ۵Ҳʲô˵УǱǼ
һᡣ
ˣҳˣţġҲںÿ飬һֲۡ
˭˵šɾúܡ
ֻȥòֱһҲ
ڰ䣬̲סˣһᣬЦЦסɲܹңҵġ
˵۵°һֱ⣬ȳԶٺúЪһЪĸ˵ˣ컹ŵԶЩĸǱҲСˡ
۵ͷʣȡǱСᡣ
ɫ۵ûд򿪿
Ҳ޷ֻף˻
룬ˣ˵ӵطҹȥǲҪҵĻ
Цһǿ졣
ҲҰ̽Ϊ½žͺƭЩ
ҪҪƾͼƣ۾֪ʲô
̧Դã㲻ͬЩ˴򽻵ֻҪ֪ǾͺáôܸЩһ
Ǻã㿴գšҪɻܴµĻģ
ڴ˿̣ۿҲһᣬ棬˲ӡ
ͷβһ顣
д游֪˵˵ģѵģоҡ游ɳƵˡ
кЩˣҪôѾˣҪôˡ
µģҪôǹˣҪôᱻ
ְֻûƩӼ
ֲ游֮Ϣ
ѵҾΪôһõĶ
ѵΪôЩֽͶЧ
ҡͷЦĿһ죬ɫƱŭ
ֻ֣סһɡ


98 
Ȣ

۴˿벻ܲ, һ
ܣɽڣڰ, Ƭ̵ɿ졣
ֽ뻳, 䣬𶯡
һ, ֮, ÿôɤ˵, ǵ÷һزɡ
Ҫ, ġ
زͬŲס, §أճȭ˫ȭսؽҧ
¶ʹ
һû, ô, Ҳ֪ǰͷǳʲô£
̽ȥľǻһ, ֹס˲Ӳ
, ߺ߳óݻһСθҥﳪģʶѾǲˡ
ֻǵÿ˯žʱ, ͻߺ׸
һߺ߳, һĦͷ米
ѧ, ôۡ
⣬ͷû
ʹ˸ɫ飺죿ҪҪ͵ȥ
ľҡͷҿɲңҪ͡
̿ˮƽ̨ǰӣѰѾͷǻˣƫƫˡ
㣬߶һˡ
Ӽأʶӹ㿴ҪҪ͵ȥ
δ޵ĹùݵĶ˵ֻйүڡ
ֱͨͨĴȥбҪȥҲ
һ죬Űģ鶥˻ȥͷҲûҪѽ
һҭΪȫȻ£ֲܶ˵ֻûվؽ¡
˴۵Сۣڽ¸ż
֧質ʱй죬米顣ǿˣļ硣
һͺˣˮûµġ
ԼڸԼϾˣͺˡ
ߵߣʳУͷļóϰڿ
ۻѳһ󺹳룬ࣺûУҪҪһЩ
Թĸ׸˵㣬ǡƣ۾һУ̫СЩ
ʱ򣬰ˣִԲ嵽ðǣǲŽһ㡣
Ҳ̫Сˣûƴ󣬺ÿǺÿҲ㣬ǲ񫣬һھ
˵Щ£ԽͷԽᣬֺ˿ôѰͬŴЩһǱ̾ס
ЦˣúȰգóЩŴ׺ʯۡ
Ǽ޽Ҳ֪ԭô׺ǣ֬̾׷۶pŴʯѩǡ
ЦˣǺСĳԷоĵЩǹò
ʱҲûʣǲдʲô
۰̵СˣҲ룬룬԰游£ڲ֤
ȻһԲ˫Ŀۡ
۲˵游ʵʱ̫ɺϣֻ˵ģ̫ء
û뵽йأüʵ˭
֪ǲǣĪҪţҲĸã㣬ֻиۿƭȥ
ڸǰҲһչܲš
ѾͷǰѶŲסھɽ
ü΢ȻΣգҸںͷǶĸøЩ
һŰ
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬰Ѿˣһĸãһ㡣ôţбء
룬ҲȷҲȥ̽ĸס
ֻĸ׸һ֪ⱾӵĴڣҲ游ȥ󣬷լ
¶ˣȥϼá
εľӣƽǴºС¡
ͷŻһˣʵ游ڵʱȻǰһңһңܹġ
᳤游ȥ󣬾һֱ̫̫ߵĵ¡
ȷҲи֪ϸͨլۻЩɣ̫ࡣ
⼸·ʲôİգĸҿšţչĸõְ 
ͷڵӵķԸЩˮ
̽žͼӻѣͷƤһ飬һһ죬ʲô
ŲڣַԸ̧ͰˮҪⷦ
ԴӦˡ
һžɨ˰ۣδңȹϵĽӶãְôӵķʽͽӣԼŪ
ԸݣʰƽҪѣЩͷҪæ˵ֶ˵ҪȥĸԺһΣŰʱúõĵһ
һ䣬ȥùӵСˡ
ҲûֻЦãҵ
ӷɿغԺݺͰ¶š
ݵۿˣòü촩Т¡
¶ЦҶԤˣٷ˽Ųɴ׳ѾϷ˵ļӷ
ӽһݣ¶ҲôЦе˵
ôٷǶʲôԸ
ٷ˵ˣʰЩճҪõĶ͵ɽȥʱдƺܰйŲҲҪй
һͷЦӯӯ԰¶չˡ
¶Ҳͷٷͣǰź۶͵ɽȥٷҲòӡ
ʰʱݣշ¶ˣ
˳ıǼ⣺ɵϣôס
סɽ£ȥ֪ˣ룬ҪչɣҲҪչĸ׺á
ЦҲػô鷳ͰչŹ۸
ϻТһ⣬аţЩ
ļҲĸȥˣžЦ˵ϱǸ뷨ӹӵˡˣ˵ʱҪүԡ
ĸϲͺã󲮶Ժӿֻ꣬²㣬Ҳܰæ
õ㣬ҪҲɣҡ
Ѿ֪ˣĸףĸ׸ŴĸĸС̣һһ
ĸ컹ءЦŸ߰ɩ䰢һ䣬ȿʮ仹Ҫá
ʱʣʲôˣ
ֱ֣⺢ӣ˿佱ġ
佱ҲģŴ˵ôϱòգ
ôӣ뿴Сòࡣ
Ҳȷʵࡣ
ģɷΪʱһ۾¥ϣ˹浾ʫģ䡣
˵ϣµ¡
֮󣬸¹գ˶ϱЦһǱʱҪȵĶˡ
ˣ⻹ɩ˵
սžĴ£ҿȲҲίøʲôʲôССʹ䲻Щ̩Ȼ˼
üҶˣɲǣҰοοң˵Щ²ңعһ
ɵüѸ΢΢һЦѽӶϱĸˡ
ϲƣҪû֪һλҪôء
ǹڼ򣬵ûֳʲôֻŴүϽ˼һø⡣
̫̫ﻰⶼҪּҡ
˰⻰˰۸˵ǲƽЩ
Իȥ߽ɽԺţͼ۵ˮƽ̨ϡ
һڵ


99 
Ȣ


ס˲, ҹɫˮɫӰڣֻҶĵλƱ紵ǰ
۲ۣһ޲õТ, õôҲһ
۽ݵ, ԼĶϡ
η䣬һ·, Ķ̡
Ҫܾ, ̧Ŀͼɫ, 촽, ʲôҲû˵ɫĶ, ڽǰ˸ᡣ
ĳЩϵ˵ϣ˶ĵýСˡ
£һ££ס, ɽȥ
Ӹںͷֱ, ưգôһһŲȵţ͵ȵó
Ȼ, ߬, ֻĺͷ˰һۡ
Ҳ˿Цһ
Ĩ¡
Ц, ˮվ, £˵
, ˵˵ӻվأ˼˵
ŵ˼
ǰȥŴյ۶ߣϲϵӡʱ˿ֻ̣һҪ¡
˵⻰ʱɫһ棬Ϊ߳ܣֻǸϲ
һۣлش
ʮظТԭȴδТʱǼкζɫɽ䡣
ɵʱȴвסĬ̰ϸ࡭̰ζǵޱ
֪Ĭ˵껹һסЦɽȥ
ɽͱˮȲ裬;ӵġ
Тʳȣû˵ܳģԤ˺Щݰ˸ɫ÷ĺУ̧ˮȡ
ž춯ˣôô˻ûݣ
вô룬˾͵ǰݶӡ
һϵĵģԼһָһһˣҶˡ
Ķ࣬ÿ졣
˵½һ̾ӣŶ۵ĸҸ㣬ּ̫̫ҡ
һҪ˵£ݶ㣬ȫ˳ȥ
žͼ£ôô·ôãˮȲŶ೤Ҳôð
Ӵӱߺ߳ɲȡأߵЬӺ޲שĥ
ݵͷһЦ
¶~߰աż˻ԼȥҪ»ء
ۿһ۾ţһԲźãԲܳӹǡ
ҧһڣŰ̾ʣôԾ
ŵ£ɥ±ػС˵¶в㣬һҪȴ󲮶˵
ǱӣҪ󲮡
׵ʫļѾɲᣬ͵鷻ӡ
׶ʫϲûʲôɾֻͣǰ޹ż۾²ЩǲΪ˸׵
׾ڴˣ±Ʊó˹ġ
ɸ͹ҪܸĻǳ󹺣ʲôҪһ֣Ҫأ
۴ͽ׵Ĳյɲᡣ
ЩӼ¥Ӽѧǽġ˾һд飬вʡ
żž͸òڹС
һЩ±Ҳȥ鷻ӡ̷ЩëȻС׬һʡ
ʱҪ׵ʫĲӿӡ̷֣ҲضӡһǧС
ԼǮӡģóȥܣǸһס
μǶҲȥһס
ʱв޵ģҲġ
޵˵ǰ̽ʮТģҲݡТġΪ游׳ʫĸ壬ͽүռĹžΪԼ
һʣңҪǣˣɾʵ̫ˡ
û뵽Ͳ
ĸ׻˵ˣǲƽЩ˵˼ȫۡ
˼أ
סô˼ҵǮֲǮ
ҳм̣ҵӣǮһ֡䣬ͷọ̃ȫˣôԼˡ
һʱûתЦˣǾ͸ðͷ֡
üͷⶺôǰ֣
ĶɰñȾӪգʳֵĶ࣬ʳֵ٣ɵ÷ƥϡȻǲһģֻ֣Ƕռѽ
˿ٵģҪһݣķ巿Դ󲮶Ҳƽ
ǰ˵ⰴͷô֣
룺֣ĸ𴦲ͬ˼ңСҲҪ˼ҵĺûɼҵģҲһŶۣĿʱɲ顣
Ҫֻ֣һδĹ黹ȵճĹױֵľ١
ͷϱַּңĸó밢ࡣ
ֻǴĸ֪ãóͬʱҲ˾ĿŸչţ˵Щֲϱĸϲ
ˬӣĸơ
ô˵Ĳԣ
˵úܶԡ۸޷Ҳô˵ĸ
ۣһ̣ȫˡ
ĸϴΪܸϲ˵ĸһΣΪĸ׸ϲ
ЩЪţջҪ顣
һͷȥϴǰϱӣôûһΣ׿Щ£˵˵
£ɵϡ
۱űͷ˯޺ϡ
ô˯ͷ⡣
ɵһҡͷһˡ
ǶЪ˵ƣ׹ϷգҧűǣԼЦ
˸հãͷߵ̵ӣʤˡ
۱˯ϣҿһۣз
æ˯Űա˵³ţߵԺǰʯ̨ϣ³ʤţΣ
ү壬Щ͵¼ҡ¾壬ҵļӣѡ̫үߵף̫үһ顣
ʶֻ㣬ָ̫үδ
̫ү⿪һҶū
ȷūҲլҲھ˼ԺӣӶӣһ檣סǶ
ʣΣ
ȷĵģ
¸̫үĶ£Ҳҵ£ԭô̺̫үʱһ
̷ĶǣϱǣҲǳūʹ澵ġ
ڼȥҲһж¿ͷݽڣֵĶϱǣҲ
СʱḮ̺үǳ󣬿ǴӲǵūͣССͱҲȥ鿪ɡ
ҵĹǣĸĽ£׵棬һҷʵӣǻʲôġ
³ʤһ죬¼ûʲôע£һ
үգϹ»ԸԼլҲҪϲֽΪһϲ˼Ϲµͷ̫̫ѾͷȻհġ
ֻǵµĶǣʮ⡣
³ʤһ񣬿һ£֪ʲôط
汻ˣ᳤ͷ˼լ
լü
ǣ᳤һѮЪլУլǸԺŮˡ³ʤ˵ţһۣõ˵լʱ翪ġ
үҲʱȥ
壿


100 
Ȣ

, ³ʤҲֻЩ
ɫգ۱ֶˮȻһ, ᳤լ, ǡլ
³ʤӦǡ
⼸ռæǱزլ¶, ˴, ĸԺ, ˭, һӦ֧ȡ
ǡ
øߣ¶¶³ʤߵõ, ż첻ǰΨ˷
˵һ֣ȥЪŰա
³ʤ˳ȵȥԺȥ
һվ£ֲѾūǵûլȥ游顣, Ҳϻؾ
һ, Ҫһ塣
ϣ˰Ҳ۽
ͷ˵û֪³ʤѾ, ۾ǳٳٲ
̲ס, ̴ɴɶǻ
Ҳ֪³ʤЩʲôôܡ
ôſɲ¶Ⱦָүŭһͨá, ǵñɡ
һֻס, ɴⲽ
߳, ҲһգǰôȥģƤϣǳ˯Ρ
С
еİѲТ仹ɥطʽȻ̫үߡ
ͷѾͷķˡ
ô
ϻҰ˵ǲ˵㣬ҲΪط͸á
㣬˸ԶÿҲֻи̫̫밲ʱһ棬䡣
롣ˣ㲻òӦӭͣý㱸²㡣
ķЦӯӯţϱ˵ЩЩԣЩ˸ˮɤӺá

ķߣɨһۡ
Тڣⶼأ°ɫ֯ӵ죬żϵķűʯ辰ɽˮһ׷۾¯ƿ£ֻҤĻˮա
һƾɩϱġ
ķ˿һȦûƼҵĶӣһϻس׵ʱϸ
ֵɰ飬ôҲڼأûЩ
ֶʶĲֻ࣬ʫ١
뵽ЩȻԭҪúҸģɡɳ¡
ⱲӣҲ޷ʶˡ
ϻҸ˵ӵؾǳԵģȵģİ趼нɲ˵ĶҪЩϲͲˡ
ķ˵ϲȵƵģ۾ˡ
⻨ƿôڡ
üͷ壬ҪǰȥгСôģʲôˣ
Բߣָ΢΢һ̧ʾӱ𶯡
ֻ
ſķ˷ӣѰ߶ʣôôġ
һ֪Ҷ
һɼпܻύӱܵĶɰϣɵӡ
Ӧ游йأˣķʵҲ뵽ġ
ۣһһ⣬游ȥһУ涼ټ
üͷţƲķɣˣǰȥӿ˰գЪЪȿڲ衣
ӲӲǲ浱ҹ۸
ķûҵĶôһ䣬Ƴӣ򰢱ϱѾͷǽʲôţӣ
ЦߣǾǵӰ಻Ѿͷָˣиʯģͷá
ĶдҳĹ߸Ѿͷ̵ġ
ֺõúܣûġ￴ûֱӵĲǣһţЦӰûˣҪеûˣ԰ͷһȦɢɢ
ķû뵽һ¸ΪѾͷ沵ӣûҵһһңҿΪãԽԽȲš
⼸¸ˡ
գ¿ԹˣͲˡһͣǰķ˸˳ȥ
ķ˳ȥʱɫ࣬ҵŰգ
Ҫޣû뵽Լ֣ôһǷǡ
һŮûӣ˾ʲôֱ
Ȧ죬ǽ£ȥѡȥ
ӷŻȥүӣתŭΪϲȥ˵ɸˣ¾͵ø߹ү֪֪
Ϊ£ķҶ¸ۡ
Ҳ
ӳѰ˸СѾͷȥү˵ٷ
СѾͷգգۣ㣬ǿɲȥǰԺǰ¶ӽĻ
һ룺ӡ
ӽż١
¶ʯߣбӦȥա˵һ·ȥ鷿̵ٷʹ
һð¶ȥˣʣʲô£
ٷүȥһˡ
˵ʲô£
ֻ֪Ƿķˣ˸࿴ٷˣ˿ڽǣķʱɫܲÿ
ƿ˸СѾͷŵģڽķʱġ
¶Ļġ
£˲Ҵ
Ϊãô볤ڽǣ
Ӳ֪ٷû̺򡣡Խ֮ĸױϳصԺжա
һֻڹԺеӡ
¶ȻԹүмٵʱȥڼĨ᣺˭֪ǽܽкҧֻ䣬˵׼Ǿү˼
ˮҪǿųĲ£ôŮôˮ飬ô߹µ·ӣŮﵱ
һĻлǮࣿŮԸҲòзŵүԺͲ˰벽Ǿͷˣ
¶үŮҲٽܲԹ
üͷ壬У˵ҴʱϾпȥӲˬúЪЪ
һѮһҽţʲô£ĸҲġ
ڷе˺һŵȵ¶
¶⣬ص˵ˣϾٷ˼Ӳãкúþ
ƽƽҲޡ
ۺ죺ʲôȥ룡
һѰסˣֲʶ·
ǡǾˣɣ
ĸȥΣ֪ܵźá
¶ۿӽӷгҪȥ鷿Ҳšүæʱ˴š
Ŵ˵ľġ
˭֪ٷһתţȥˡ
¶һѵΪС£Ҫȥ˸״¶ȥˣ״ʲôá
˸ЪԤɩ߶ϱˣЦôˣ
ĸѷķ˵ȫĸס
üһšϾٲŵҲøɳôʧݵҶ
ǣ¶ɨһۡ
뵽ʲôЦˣڿû̫үĹŶΪ¶ϸճ
ң̫үմǹٵʱڣ⻹·
̫үղҲʲôС˼
վãּزͷͷͽû˹ء
Ҳֻ̫үãǿһ㣬̫үΪﻹԭһ
̫үˣ˽µСȫڵ̨ϡ
ɩ˵ģøϽּңһ塣
ǴֲԸּҡ
лɣܵҹŶŽһ£ⶼ죬ĸ׼Ȼô˵˵
Ҫ㲻Ѿͷңȥһ̾Խûˡ
֪ˡ
İòҪ
ǣķǱӣ
޲굽ȥǸ¶ĻҪȫţʱȥɣ¶
ֲסɣã
ۻݾͼڴ̨˯ţߵߣ뽫͵ȥ
һˣŭδɢһ䣺
֪ΣЦˣ˭
˲˲۾˭


101 ̼
Ȣ

ڶ, ûɫۡ
ΣҲˡ
˭Ҳϲ˭Ȣ, 
, ȴװ˷ˡҲ֪ǸҪʲôʱ֪ӵ¶
ݼ, ڵ, ߺߵġ
Ѿ֪, ĵǺƢ, ϲļӡ
Ͷ, УԤǰ緹ġ
һֱȵ£Ŵ򿪺иǶǰһơ
ͱЦ, ǱԲԲһ, ֣ͷ׺˴лһ֥͵ζ
֥եͣǲ硣
˴ͱ, ǰճԵֱ, ڸԹ̫Сûô㣬˴
ʱүһԸģóѱôЩ, Щ
֪, Тû취Ի, ҲԵЩ
һרһڴͱһ˴롣
ҲֻǸΣôҪµĹͷΪһξȥ
ݣ⼸ջ˯ʵһ罫ݻϸϸ˰ڼʱӡ
ҽҾټģδʱֻӴӺòá
ҶףҲ͹·֪Σ˯òʵɳҩѾõöˣô
ʵ˵ʱ򣬺Ը½žͳҩҲõöˣͣ˼졣
˭¸һŻҩӵģǲֳɵĻ÷˵졣
üͷ𣺡˯̤ʵͣҩҩͷҪ˵Һȵġ
ǡݰ
˶Ҵ緹ҪǰԺӭл񣬰ҪȥϷ̼
Ϸ̫ү֮󣬾Ͳڴˡ
ϱַǰȥźҩҲֻ¬Сˡ
¬ڱ˻ЩϱһҲϧ
ҪǿԸ¬ϿЦӲͦأȥֱ˸ϵɩɩУȷĨҩ
ôĸЪһЪ
һߵɽԺǰ
Ψְ̫̫ҿĸףʲô£ҹҡ˵ſһۡ
Ѳ鵽ݵЩ绨ѩ£ùܣֻҪµô
죬Ҫڵһͺˡ
ɽǰһԺߣһլȥ
ϲ̵ģһ氢ˣû޴ˡ£ļû¶
һ·һ·˵үˣְ˵ĻϣһС¶ǵôǴŵҡ
ֱЦŰգҴҲһ
ͷЦ䣬լ
̫̫ѩլм䣬ǰŵˣһԺš
ڳϣĸʰĸҹ˯úã
Ҳ۸ԵúòãһҲֻ緹ܰȳЩ
ҳأ̼ʱĸֻܷԸҡ
Ļʲôѽֻĥ˰ˡİ֣Ī£Һͷͳɡ
Ƚ̫̫ӣ֪ĥʲô˼
̫̫Уϱǰ̤ϣûֻվš
ɴҲƲ̫̫Σֻʱʱһһ˱㲻ܰȻţøĿڣҪҪˮҪҪ衣
̤ͣʱ£ֲĸ׸ĸҩˡ
֮󣬰
ʱ򣬲̫̫͸ˡ
ǲȵ壬֣סˣʹһ
˲գգۣű˸塣
˻⣬£ҲĬ
Ÿ壬̫̫Ȼжˣ
˲Цֻ䣬һ
¬ڴϣϱԵԣ۾һ죬ϱϱɫڴǰʣϴϱأû
ˣ͵ͷɩʰӣԤˡ
¬һҭ
ĸײǣȴˡ˿ŴϽء
۸СѹֶΣҲչȭš
󲮿ɲһǳӣ̫үûˣ͸ɳӳ¡
¬һӻˣĵһʱЩ
ţǼңûĸûСãйܼҵȨϺù
ƫƫиѲļӣʱȹ꣬³ƾ١˽ʿĵһ£ջĸ׵µׯӹŶΡ
ְԭЩ¬ϴ򷢵ׯͷϵ㷿˻ȢףŵĶϱһ
¬ֻҪʱĽ棬ҧޡ
۾תתȥȻ͸ĸ˵һֱȵ̺̫̫극ϱ˲Ŵߡ
˰գϾڣɻЦŵʳѾԤˣǶЩ
аڣʡ˺Щ
ǶˣȴۣŶأû̫̫˵ʲô۵ģҶˡ
ȻԵö࣬ҲסôģջҪóУǸ
°գ
ҡͷ£ʲôµģͷĻЩ
ͷ֪˵ͷĥϱûͷô
׷ѽѽѽԺſڴµģᶼ֪ϱТ˳
ⲻТñӿĸܵ
¬ϷûװɴɩùԹԵǰ̼۵Ҳܺһ䡣
¬һТñӿ
ĸ̲סꡱЦƫƫģϱâ˭Ҳ˭Ұ˵жжĥ
ҡҡͷȵԺԤ·ʳ
أƼǽȵϽЪЪѽʺõĽݸ˺Ͱ԰ٷ˰ԵСġ
һһȡ⡢Сӣһ֪Ԥġ
˸£ҲˣҲæʱδ÷
ĸȥĸ̼۵Ը˵˵ԶˣһҲԲһ٣̼ϼգĸһȦ
սžͼ˵ĸǺЦڶԳ˵ģϷ
ȻˣĸҪ뿴ȳТȥСӣĸ׳óԡ
üһɣŲЩ˵ʲôôЦ
ϱҪȥῴϷ˵ЦⱲŶû˵ͷˣĨŴŴϱϱܵϷЦöӶˡ
ǾȥȥĸӣûôҲ֪ȥ֮ĸ׻ܲȥϷһ졣
⻰һ˵˿˶һۣЩ졣
ϷƵĶӣȥô׵Ķ΢΢һЦֿӡʲôּҲƲҲ⡣
ֱ嵽˺ֳСӣЪ
Żȥ⣬ôһ࣬ڰҲԹˣ
ţ۱֤죬ҵúӡ
סںԺĵϣڴ죬Ѿͷ͸̧۾ܿ
ߣֻ΢죬ֻ۾ǣôָˣ
ҲǣǰȥƬ̣ʣǰͷæˣ
Ҳææϱ¹У巴ƤӲ¶ţ󲮾Ҫˡ
ʲô£ǽϱصð
ȥЪգҹֻ²С
룬ˣǲ·ˣ
Ҫܾ͵ۡ
Цһۣսˣ˾ɽõţǰ
ʲôߣ䲻ۣҲ۾µµϱϡ
˯ҹ׽ȥ


102 
Ȣ

ֻ˻, ͸СèƵģôҲ˯š
ְһֻۣô׽
һϢ֪û˯, ȥ, סıӣ
ϢƬ, ſƹ, ̾˿, ôôڡ
֮, 㡣ʾǶУĻ, ҲôŪ֡
ԴȻҪǰͷȥ¶һ¶ɽҲֵ㶯
Ϊ˶, 鷿ˡ
һµ, ¹͸ͶСӨף˷ܣҪҪ鷿
üűǡ
Ż², Ʊˮ, ǲĺȣ
û˵꣬ǰԺƻ
뺰׽
ۻΪôҲõû뵽Ǳôס, ٿ, ³š
ѱ۵Ѵ, ûϵѾš
׽Ľкһ߹һɽУܿϱԺǽ͸Ļ⡣
Ьӣժ¹ǽϱӣۡ
ƫڴʱ۽ǲŸ˵һ
ҧס˵Ҫ׽ġ
Ȱ˵ʲôѾȥˡ
˾̣鼸Ըǣǰס
ס죬ıӽֽû˵沵ۣѼµͷˣֲ
ӼҲ˹ͷһۣѽôĶ
ݿһϱһһĻ⣬ԽԽֱģ֪׽ûС
ǣȻݰա
ڵģ⡣
ǰѵƵȹү
԰Сͨġľ裬÷羰
ҹСɽʯܲˡ
ѾͷŻˣݶûҳ
ӻãļô׽ģݶһ⣬ôϳŵģһʱȶˡ
һۣһͷ˶£ա
ɰͰ͵ģ鼱֮ӵֻ㿪ڡ
ǳüֻһյơ
ĵ´ʹڳˮȱߣһƬڣзˮӲŸǰ
ݶҲӵȰѰͻݣְݶҲ⼸·Ƕң
ȡĽǵĵƶȫϣ㰤һš
ӵȥա
ˣˮͺͷҲȲ衣
ֻɽط٣Ǹ徲ؽ磬԰ӾǼˣԺš
ͷˮһ۶⡣
޲ˮ޳ʳɵţǳԵ㶫˵˵ա
ͷԽݣشϡ
Ӿֱߡ
ǰͷ׽󡰷ĶҲȥˡ
꣬ͷһ۱ӣѵûĵطˣ
ƿһںء
Ȼ֣Ǿûס
ҪشһţѾˣǲǻأ
ŵȥ˷Ĵ£Ѿ˳
޵һѱһѵģƽٻ飬һյһƻҲûУ滹ô¡
ǣŲˣ쵽Ϸúôš
ҪסլԺСֶдʹţĵġ
ޣҲû˵
ѾͷһƵúܣ˭Ҳ˵Ҫ
ٿһ;һգǰͷɢˣҪͷЪһЪ˵ųʹ˸ɫ
Ӹңͼڽ£ɿ컻һװ˿ȣ£ϼ䡣
㡭㣬Ҫȥѽ
Ҫȥš
ĿࣺҪʲô
ָָҴӴӳȥƵ鷿úܣǼű𿪴ͷЩ
סʿĭҵڣ㡭
ˣСʷ
ۼûӰڴʱ̵
ٷˣ̡ǰͷѾסˣүڲʧٷЪš
һվǰ
Ӷ񣬵ű߻ػٷ˵֪ˡ
һ䣺˼Ұɥ͵͵ٸȥʮӡ
˼ңͥ԰㡣
аʱ׳С͵Сֻĸһ꣬ױ׽š
ԽǴʱԽüǿѲֻӲҪԹ䡣
תԼѾͷȶȥˣ
ݶʲôϸüһ̧﷽ŻһҪȥӣ
۾һƳͼӴţ̤ȷʵŹ˯Ь
ӱݿ飬ŤЩʲôգƣ˵˵Ц
ˣЦҪȻԲƣвҪô˫½Ҹݶᣬǡ
ʱ򣬰Ȼڽ鷿
鷿ţԤصܺ棬ռȥһ̾Ϣ
̾Ϣ𣬰һȭſס
ɵ
֪ңô죿ѹ
ǰסһС˹
ԶԶӰ鷿ִ£׽׽ˣã
۵Ժţ³˽ȥ˭һͰѺڡ
۴Ӻͷ§ס֪㡣ôϸǰӴָָͷļɽʯ
ǰźŶ˰أֻдطǱ
ɽʯǽǽʯȥڶϽͤɽҰߴҲΨһпܣԺǽǱĵط
δ䣬ͼɽͤкӰһҪϸ
źӰƺǵһȣеƻͨݣٿ鷿ˣŻͤǱС
úԶ̲סϢ
§ŵôȫעȴԳɵñһ
ֶס죺ˡ
۲ɺЦأ˭Ҫ֡
һƽһŲˣ󣬹ǰὫڵʵʵ
ĪҾ
۾ɵùԲʶɵ͵
ֲô˳ֲ鼸ûһ鷿
һŵķŻӣƾһǹ鷿﷭ҡ
ۺͰܷ϶пңҷڴӹͳСϻͷͷ游ǱСᡣ
ҧססƳۼۣ͵ߣ
ϻӣַȥ
Զˣ۲ŵҵõǰͷȥˡ
ձӣЩɥӵûϡ
ֲסʣ֪֪ȵǰͷٵ
ƶϡ˵꣬ȥ˯ⳡϷһ룬а볡ȥꡣ
ͻȻʣĶģǼٵģ
ۻһۣ²¿أ


103 
Ȣ

ԥ, ²׼Ǽ١
¶ֶӵ飬Ķͷ
㿪, סû, ЩΪʲôȫѵ¶˷ɣ
۵Ȼȥ˸øʲôʲô, չĸ, Ҫʲô, Ҳ¡
һ˫۾ס
ÿζչĸ, һĸ׻ᷴչ
šǿͷ, ű뿪鷿صɽá
ӵѾ˾Űˡ
ȥˣ˼ѧʲô˫½㵹Щ, ֻ, ݶҲһֻƱȴС
ץ˰ѻǾǮ
ΪҹɵТڣҪǴȥ, Թá
˾ǳԻ, ɲǶơ
СϻأȴСõġܰߡ
ͷɵǷģҰҲ˵ȥ, ˭ʶ˵
㿩Цǿɲµ, ҪǸ˵ȥѽ, Ҳ˵ȥ˵С׽괲ס
Ѿ˸
ǰĻȫˣһǽãֱ߻ӶѳСɽǣƫƫǮ
ݿ˼Цһ䣺ҪǮǿɾȱһˡ
ӣҵͷһɴ⡣
ӦϵȥͼѾѣڴˡ
һˮһô׽ûУ
ȳͷֳҡҡͷ
˴СһһɫӾ֪⣬˿ҪҪõģոֻ̫̫̼˶һ٣͸öˡ
ȴһҲöҡҡͷá
ԶȷȥӾȡ
ⶼüʱˣ治ѽǼֻ֣һϻӵĳˡ
ҡͷҲɢ˰աط˯һʱ
һɣˮīУ˵ķơ
ǴãҪֺá
˳ңʱʣǲǶӶˣҲöˡ
Ƿʱ򣬰С¯ŲҼ䣬Щ򵥵ĳʳеġ
һϸ棬ǰѼһȣҲǿ
ҡҡͷ˵ԡɢˣȥЪš
ѾͷһϵĹϹʶգȥ˯ҹôڣîʱҲһҪɥġ
ңӣ㣬ܲ˯
ǵݶڿڣǣסߣɰҸӼһ˯Ҵϡ
ͷҲסˣѾͷ˵ЦųȥƬ̣־ĵġ
ӣ
îʱδݾа𴲣Ž߰ʱ򣬷ҹΣѾӦˡ
ͷͼȻױǰһδ˯
ҡͷһ
еİЩ࣬û˯Ҳڣ𳤷Тֻۣ֬ڷ֧Ρ
Ѿʳ
ۿ˲׸⣬ɿ²ǲǹ͵͵ȥүѵˣ˳ˣ
緹ǰȥ˺һ顣
ҲЩ࣬һ͵ҹ˵ˣסɽϱ鷿ýûУ
һҹЦЦҲ£ʲôµġ
治ѽɫαһֱ֪Ӻܴû뵽׳ԼؿڣԶǶЩš
ԺʹӣصεģѾͷһҹ
ʣ㻹²£ҪҪҹ˯
һϲģТķޱҪֿ˯ռŰ
ǺãұЩСģ˵ˣɲڡ
˵ˣصͷ첻̫ɡ
ǰţ΢΢𣬻֪ӿϲϷˡ
޹һ֣ͷЪƬ̣żæҰ
ٷˣȾ̣
̣ôˣ
鷿̸ڰأ
˵Ķ
һ˼ϷǶǼ٣̰˴򣬼ٵҲġ
أ
ȥɿڽӴүˡ
ٿߣǿȥ
۷Ը󣬱븮ȥӴһҡ
ڶɿڲ¥ĴߣԶŹٴ˵ǽһܵӦˡ
³ʤ¥Сӡ
ýͲĸɹʹϣϲ衣
ˣ³ʤֿڵ᳤լүµġǴ֬ģʱ˾ƣү߼жȥˡ
۲µĲࡣ
Ǹլ˸ӣѾˡ˸磬ַڻϲϲ³ʤ˳ġ
üͷһӣ
̫̫ҵŮĸĸȥε٣֮ͽӹ˹ܼҵȨ
巿еͨʱʱͻµģÿһ̫̫밲ôͨֻһŮ
á
ñԼţž˵ճİá
ʣӿɲ
ϱҲһк˵ͷĶӣĸǸ˼ҵŮ˵Ҫ̧檡
дһ
游ѾûϻּңΪ
Ҳ֪ǹܲˣѹܣƵϼ
󣬹ûţ˵Ǹһӣ򷢵ԶԶټˣֻǸס
ֻû뵽ǸӸʲô˼Ůġ
ǵʱ֤ӽס
أ֪ģ¡
С³ʤѹյ۶ߣ˵˲ʱ䣬ֻǡ
ֻ⼸Ұɥ£ûȥլ磬û⼸˽
šȣһ
ɡ
Ȼ
ͬǣϡ棬ɱڹύо塣Ƿͼǲ߶ġ
Ʃ͵ϵǸŮñۣһҾ
ڴ֮󣬾ֻּұ߶ɥȢһЩѣҲȥܵľۻᡣ
ּˣһ޹ְ߶ôܡ
˵ЩʲôŻߵô
ԶĴԳӣүĴˡ
d¹ٴͼֶڶɿȴһۣ̾һ֥ͥס
ӭǰȥҾһ񣺡󲮡ӷֵ̧󲮵ǳҪ
d²Ҫ˵ּҵ£ż
δЩ²ؼ̸ҵ֪ڹӼΣd֪ڹ
дΪΪ
ֱУʻ۲ŴȡСᣬʸ󲮡
ֽ游֮ķ巿ֹΪɣѭ游±īҵС¸˴󲮡
d˼ҳΪٶ꣬ҲƬʧ⣡
׾Щ
ǱǴ
֪
ۿ󲮣壬Ϲ£᳤ѾȷʵУžˡ
·ͻȻ벮飬ֶš
ԵҹǱ鷿͵Сᡣ
һǳ¼ģ͵ߵһݣм١


104 
Ȣ

ݽڰ, Ӽʾѽٰӣ
գʮ塣
ʮȥ˾ˣүǰʱ, ɫ
絹̸˵, 鷿ʧ¹ش˵һ, үɨһۣҲȥ
̸ǴС͸үߵ, ص˵, үǰҲû
ȥѡү鷿, ˵ȣҲԺд
δүɫģ, ûһػ˵ǣҲʹ˲赹ˮǳԡ
ȥߵ
ֱ𣺡Ҳүܵ, Ժ۸С, Ҫڱķַǵϴˮ
û룬ͷؿүŭô
ӿһС, ֿ޵, ͳϽ顣
˵䣬˸ϵǰԺ
ͼ̿ҧŸľſڳϣСŰ, һϳ顣
ʮ塣
ʮ
ÿһ嶼ʵʵ, žžһһըڶߡ
Ժվ, ̰ӡʶ֮ǰ֪ộÿһ£ͳ
ס۾ô򷨣鷨ﶪʲô
˰Ϳô
ҪǴ飬ʮҲ¡ҪǴʵƤ
ǹô磬ڼϣһȥܴ˴Ӵ°뱲ڴϹ
Ǵƨϵģÿ¶ա
ѾѪ
˲֪үٷˣүǰϾЦӰ
̴ãŰٷȥ壬ôЩ˶Ѿˡ
ݲɰûڣž͸ţù
ˣܻǲܣ
˿ɶţ̣үŭٷǿɾֵؼҶ֪ˡ
ʮ£ľڵϣͷשʯ䦿һغˮ
ͣ֡
һԺԭֵˣߵɢȥվŲģǶǳҪֵġ
һ˵ӵ˻һۣͣ֡
Թ޳ٷ˶ˣģʧӣΪѵĻˡ
˵ˣүҪŭҲٷ˶ǰͷء
Ͻ̧ȥ˵Ҫߣͼ˳һԲķͷֳȥ̡
˭ʡ
أ̸
ԭͲȺŶӰӡ
ȥʱݵ㡭㲻ˮ
⻰˵
ҪˣԳݶ֪ʲôطȥˡ
£үŭô۰찢׽ȥˣô鷿˶
ҲһۣʱͷսͣһҲ¶
ȰصãѾڵʣôˣ˵̣
ƢС淣ҲǷ顣Ҳͷ˵үǷǳ顣
ǻͶԳ۸ˣĪҪӰգ
ȥ˹Ӽ൱ʿÿ쿴ĳ鹦Ρ
ķۣյǰ¡
һϣ˶ģǿߴҹҲ֪˭ôںͷŵһҹû˯
һ˵һ˵ɫ
˵ɲǣ˵Ҫùٸ˵ģôҲû
ķһףǼ¶ࡣ
ҪҪһֲ¡
ʧﻹû꣬ǵʧôҪǫdȻֶӣҲҪǰͷȥʧġ
ȫȻ֪飬ô˵ţͷ֪ʧʲô׵鷿ҲֻˣŶֻѾˣӦûʲôض
ķɫЩѿҲû⡣
ɫãķС˼Ŷֻɶķ巿Ǽġ
ʱķִ˵̱ʱ˾
ģװһ磬ŵ˵鷿Ҳ˼ҪĶ̡
ʲô
⻰ϣض˰ĻͷһЦӣǵ졣
ü˲Ѿ׽ˣأôȥ͵
ϸԼʧԣϽҲǰôһ
ҿѾ˹ȥٴҪˣͣ֡һ滺˵ţһ潫ϵľٶ۵ס
ͷѩ
ķ֪巿Ҳҹ̽鷿ķ˱׽סˣ巿͵˲ӡ
ң巿ûķš
֮Ҳһ顣
Ҳ֪ҾھɽУԺţ֪ʲôʱġ˵ţƳķˣҪǽˣҲܲѡ
ķ񣬵̲סҪۣϱǵùͽ޵ģ˵׼ס
һʱҲ֪ϣ巿͵أϣ巿׽ס
뵽巿ûͨǼ£Ͻȥɷš
ɲɣŰ֣ˣҲԼϣ⡭й̫̫Լ׽ġ
ⲻûסŵӣڣ󲮾Ҫˣһжȴ󲮻֤
˵֤֣ۼֽһ
һ⻰͵ͷǣȴ綨УҿɩžͳȥˣǲǴѾˣ
ʱҲõˡķ˳׼ʱȥүЩûУȥӴ硣
ϼԺžͼɷڴϣȥһƣǣűӾ̫ƽ´ˣ
dôˣǲǽȥ
ûһӲסԼȷ磬Ҳ֪֪
үһۣ͵ûУ
Ҷֻ˵ûۼǶ
ڷﵱͷڹ꣡ôҪ£Ҫϱ˵һ죬Ļ֪Ѿ֣
ȷʵô
ǻм٣鷿̣˴ٰӣ˶ûˣ˵͵ûУ˫۷죬ִɷһ£˶ǲ̣ɾҪſˣ
ﻹ߶ӶûУʹʲô
үӿǰ˭£
һ˺ôôҲڷﲻⲻӦð
£᳤Ҳڡ
үϽТҪǰͷȥճֹջڣӣһŻζԼ£
⼸һֱǼ費˼룬ﶼҪһĺơֱڣվȥӴ¼ˣЩТӵģ
ķۼүĳսţʱ
үһ̧ϵζȵүһţ£磡ûˣ
ǰ˶֪ۻˡ
ȴð֪ģ
߶ѾͷײǰԺȥ֡
ʱܵǰٷˣٷУҲû
ٷ˷Ը
㵽ǰͷĸүԸԳ
ѾˣСѰעⲻ
˶ҵүһͷǾҲлҪ
˭֪δڣȵٷ˽ҴүԸԳ
嶼ţԲ׼˭˶һ徹ˣҳҵŴ󲮵溿
ֲãǱǼҳǼҳֽŻˡ
۳һͷ֪ˡٷˣ⼸ŲɷԺȥҪæ죬
Դٷˣͼٷ΢΢ףĿϲŭѱ档


105 
Ȣ

󲮻ȵͷ, ٵϷĸ밲
űǼͷ̸ֵ¶ˡ
˿ֿ飺ȥЪŰգߡ
Դ򰢱, ˵ܽС, ֻеˣŻƺ۸ϱϱ
Щĸ˳𡰰
Ḯլ˲֪, ˼ϲϱ
ּ, ͸üһ۸, ϱȻ¸Ų˵, ҲһϾҪġ
Բ, ֻа
巿ļŮҲȥηּҡ
ʩ񣺡ǡ
˵꿴˰һۣͷ΢ָ̧Ͻ£游ɥ, ¶Ц⡣
صϷ, ˵ЪЪȿڲȻһֵġ
ô˵ɳ¶, , Ż˻
С̿ء
ûһ󷿵룺˹ȥ¡
˴Űһȥˣƹȵʱ򻹲²⣺ǲǶĴˣҪȶɩ, ۷ּң
һסںԺ, ͷ, űﴦɽơ
Ժлľڳ裬ࡣ
˿ϵɫЦһɵӣа˾ŷ󲮡
˴ӭϱһô
Ҳ֣еǰͷȥˣ˶ãҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
϶ĴղŵѵǽżҪøּҵ³̳
ǸˣǷ֮أû˶û˵һ仰
ʲôҪ£
ͷؼɩ˴˼
ҲеǱСӣһλܶԵˡ
ɩɩ
ɩϣɩ΢΢ͷá
˺ţɩɩûҲվ󣬲һ
˵һ·۳Ͷ٣ЪŰա
ŵͷա
˷Ǵ˵˵ɾɵģ軹ԤһС̺ӣСè˵
֪ԭϱŷŵͷ
ǲ֪˵ʲôһۡ˸̧֣ϱ㽫ݵǰү˼ǰ֣˵أ
ļҵûܸ۸۹˵ţ۰ǰϱù⣬˵ĸ
Ϻͳڣ㲻ýаС
ᣬ⣬ù۸˵ʱһ˿ӡ
ţͦñֱҿð֡
ƽ֣ĸиТ³˼ҵĺûɼҵķֿٸױ
Ҳ֪Ȣ޼ŮѶ٣ʿɲ飬ּ֡һ䣬Сȥ˵ĹùãǲҲֱǷһЩ˵游ǹǡ
һǣŮǵܺùöࡣ
ʱͷﻹ죬Ĳࡣ
ȥСӵŮһݣ򰢱βͷã˵úáҲδ뵽
ƽҲ
ʴ˲Ҫ˵ģû뵽ϱҲ⡣
Ҳͬ
ЦˣǾɵüѸû˵
Ҳᷴԣ˿ڶࡣôԿž巿ֵ١巿Źܼҵ¶ЩˮҲˡ
ҪӦ巿û˵
˵Ҳͬһ⡣
Ӷϱ˵Լ˵Ҫ档
˵Цӯӯ˰һۣˬӣɲ׵á
˱Ԥ˲ˮģѩֺͽǮðԵġû뵽źһڣ¶Ͱˡ
˵Ц䣬ֵǰͷ˵ʲôôҲûС
ŻЦ
ĸĸϲλɩĿⶼͬˡԾԼõúãЩġ
䣬Цֵȥ
ԭĸҲŶ⣬£ŮһҲ֪
緹ܣ˵׼ǰͷʲôʱɢǱ˵ƲԼ¡
֪ҽڣҪһڷϱ͵ء
Դ򰢱ţһﻹûյһùôϱ 
ǵĻûһڳȥ
ѹû뵽ڣĸ󣬳űʣĸǲˣҷطЪţСЩ
Цһۡ
Ȼתˣѽ
ĸ»زţҿʹÿɺˣһҲסڶ ܻܲػضĸͷա
ˣ˵ҪˣҲȥգһȰգȶһһҷȥ졣
Σұȼˣٸĸ׿ء
ĸҲտЩֻһȥټˡ˳һ̾Լ޽ңô궼ûٻҡ
жʮ꣬ûҵĸˡ
˸ôţҳŽ֮⣬ҲֻܼһϾТֶǡ
ס겻ĲСĸ׾ʮ궼ûĸס
˵Щǰڷգⶼһʱˣôǰͷûţ
еˣãô緹Ҳˣ
ɾȥһɿⶼɴүţҲͱסˣ
˵ģүˣҲϷ
ֱʤңŷߵġ
Ӿ棺⡭ʲô˼
οĸĪǴ󲮵סãǲüġ
żķ巿ķ巿¬ûͷĲӬһ
ϵûУ
¬ҡͷȥˣȥһһʯ󺣣ȥ޻ء
㻹ǵҹ¶أʵ˵Ƕʲô
ˣ¬ϻҡͷҪ֪᲻㣿
û˵˶ƵĲ鿴һһĳ麹ڷػص߶ʱʱƳһƳ
¬ͷдʲôǲܷƵĶҿ
ɣүæѶС
ǰ뱾ɲóˣ漸ҳ¬ҵء
¬ҵ£Ǽҵģĸġ
Ҫ·ҪҲȻͲ֪ĸ
үûʲôݲ޵ͷˣϹŲʣ˶վסǽֱϢ
ţʣҰô
ֵ壬үΪйߣΪڴǰժԼʰһĸͬ׵ܵܡ
ӣǸ֣СǸںͷֱޡ
տʼǼٴ򣬵ҳֽװдǼҵ£Ǽ㹷鲻ֵһġ
󷭣¡
д˽Уһ棬һǼ٣٣˵
˺÷飬Ϻױɫȷʵõֺȥģѹһ
ҲڣҪΪѶֳݣҡ
õһңõһңĻڣ
㡭Լǰ㵹£Ѽ˿
ҴүڹñϣܵܶŹöӰλ常ֿʵʵģ˭͸¶Ϣ˭߹˭һ©ȫ˵
۵һһҼ䣬ȷֿʣٶԿڹա
ôʱѾٽ嵱ݿˡ


106 û
Ȣ

õԺŵҹﻹš
᳤ѺõҼ, 죬Ӱһֱصϡ
Ȼ£ҷʲô¶ү, ҿǡ
ǳ³ʤ, ͷ᳤ٵãһԺű˰ס, һӵš
Цˣʲô
ֻҪū, ԭΪūʱ̰û͵, һܲ, һ
ٸжľǼٵġܶļҲ, ǲǼӪ
³ʤһ᳤ְƽҲֿѺǴ
үԸ, ˭, һһ
صͰһ㣬дͷҲᵽԺǰ
ҹŸḮ͸ֻǴүҪҷ, ǰա
, 
ȫߡ
󷿵ĳ㣬ɳǰ£Ӵ¼ı͡
Ḯǰ˹һϸ, һ𡶿޻졷, ֪б͵Ϸɿӭ˳, Ӵ͡
£óëͷḮһ˿Ҳޡ
̫үɥ°棬Тɽ
УȴľѾɵУЩҪôˣҪôҪô䡣գܺúðһɥµģ޼
Ԫ֪ʱȻ˼죬ټʱܭϱġ
Ჩʿǡ
϶ˣ
ǡ
Ԫһ֣ӵõ졣
Ϊ϶ܻڼµģû뵽˵Ҳˡ
ҪܵһҵĴƫƫЩ꣬ûˣòиõĶûؼҸǡ
˶
Ԫۼ˼̫λȻ¼
ТٸߣǰҲ٣ȴǱݺ͸ףǼﱲѣ̫үĹʽ
Щѧǣ֪аɥ£üһǮһһ
ʱŮ쵹ֵܳס
ۼˣõŻ¬϶Ҳ˲飬ȥ̽̽ʵ
ϵǲܿţɩǶһʰգǸʲô˼˰ⶼסˣڳҪŻ˭
¬ϵֲͬɣɩһңʴɩʲôãȥ̫̫̫̫ȥǻŲ̫̫
û˻ûţñ˴
վڽ£ӲӲүүķ˱ȥ̫̫徻
¬ٿָ˵ıʲô˼Ѻ˻ȥţ
ͷ˴껰ߣʲôѽǣǸϽ̫̫ȥգ
Ժ׻լﻹ¬ϵˡ
ֱͨͨѩȥŶ̫̫ǿãүӻûأǾǲ˲ɣ
̫̫Ҫȥٸ治ТǴĹٶҪҪˣ
̫̫װһӶסˣһµҲ˷ҪǰԺȥ
ȥǰԺţסˡ
ͷһ棬ôţûӦ
͸ãиİ˵̫̫ȥЪţү˵Ϊʲô̫̫֪ǣ̫̫һġ
˻࿴һۣϷ޻˵
һڹȥּβͻ
¬ϾѶ֪ǾǸʲô
Ҳǰ죬ʱʱҪûֻ򷢰ȥЪš
ȥЪգ춼ˣ۸æúܣûͷ
񣺡ĸЩ˯밲
һԺţӱǰͷˣȫˣ˽ءһأҲȥϢͨ
š
ȥɷԺŶˣȥȥɽֻܻɷԺȥ
ɷԺȥԺ
þŲɷԺǻѾҪضţȴʲô˵
ݶƳﲻ죬һۣӱҡͷ
ӸŰȥУȥɷԺʰѡ
ŸڣɷԺʹŽգĿţСѾͷŽŴ򿪣¶ӭ˳ţҲ֪ʲô£һھ͸Ͻˡ
εݣ֪֪Ϊţ
ҡͷ֪ʰٷ˵Ķҹٷ˸߹һ˯
һͬʰ¶治֪ǰͷд·ǶѾͷ˹ԺеϢʲôҲš
ףսսͷ
ҲˣûЦ䣬ݶŶߣ԰¶Űա
Ѿһ죬Ժֻһ죬ʹűߡ
ˣһˣ
˵ҪģôܲͷЦ֣ȥ
鰤ڰߣҹŻ˰գ
ͷѾˣɾǽסĻź¡԰ʱ򣬶ɽʯơ
涼׽ˣ
ĦıҪοһ
ϣЦһĵط֣ƫ붼ּ֪ôַлû׽ס
ƾ˿켣֪ȴǵ֪˿
Ҫֳּкü첻Уһ
ҸԤСģ򿪺иǣݵǰи⡣
ͷƣ̸ĺ⣬˿ǡ
ϴɢͷ˯鴲ϣԸͨͷͷһʫ
ſϣᣬʲôʫ
MMȻʢһͷïʢ
˸ˣ黹ֽűѽŴϣůͣҸһ档
ҹˣ˵һ˵Ļ
ĸЩֻҡǾΪ游ɥҵĻҪһ꣬ͰöѾףֻһû䡣
ǸТ꣬Ҫٵһ꣬鲻ȰСꡣ
һҲЩޡڼ꣬޳ȥʲôá
§סļ磺Ҳһ㿴椣ٿҡ
βŵҿˣ֪
䡰֪һʱð治ʲô˼ֱ˵ôء
ģţز޸㲻ϲˣʱ۵ӷŵһߣ㣬ɸñױ
龲Ƶ˫ĿЦǺãҾˡ
ͷͷҹû˯һĿ˯ȥ硣
ûˣμ顣
е飬ǳʱ飬룺ɩɩɩɩô
еİ΢룬ýʶֶ顣
鿴˫۾Ѱ˸͸ڰΪܾʱѧ
ѧ
á
Ӵ˾ͽߵͷжѧ֡
ϸ񣬰̿࣬еİܿ˦ˡǧʶ֡
ǰѵÿֵΣȻѣ컹δ
ԭİҲˣŮ
۽æգⶼʰ˸ɾլҲһջذá
òЪصɽ̵ơ
˵õöˣڼӷԸҶȥˡ
ŲյһʣٷأɷԺԺ˵㣬ͷھɽ˵
Ҳ֪⼸үǰܺ˾
ٷס߹Ժˡ
Ժ뵽õСˣҲӦٷ⼸ʹûУ
ҡҡСԴ
۾ϸ룬ٷ˶Ȼʹ˰ա
ҡͷĲʹ
˵żüŪۣСԴת
ǡʹ
۽յһţȥٷ
ҪɷԺֱӽȥԺ⵱ֳô
Ѿȥˣֻܿٷ˵С
ʵֻ֡ûա


107 һ
Ȣ

ʱ, ڿܼ㡣
죬֪˴ҹôӵģҲѦǻΪηǵô黭һ̻
Ϊĥʱ䡣
Ӱ쵽, һʱ, ķԺвöȥ԰, ûǲ, ֻˡ
Т, Ҳû֡
ԭ巿Ľÿ߶, һ˵˵ӣЩ켸μ, 
ݰҲؽεġ
ȸ֪籩
Ҳ֮ǰдõĺҶҺϲ֪ô, ܲܽң
ǲ, ģա
ó׼㣬ȥժԺɽʯϹŵ٣ݱ׻ȡһĸ, ԤСϡ
Ѿͷ֪鲢, Ψֹٴεģžĺˣǲȥ԰вɻҪȻ㡣
ʲô˼ֻȡ㡣ֵ, ĸҲ, ͵ôصĲźá
ЩʵûȤ, ֻǿ棬ʱʱЦ⣬ԼҲÿġ
飬ʶһ㽻ҲûУȴԸ⵱ʦʶ֡
һӣܹܴһ꣬һҲ㹻ʶ֣ˣҲԼ顣
ԣǸժЩź㡣СӵТܸͼˡ
ӣʮմ椾Ҫ޽½ȥ
ױԤˣǮϻӣбºʹͣһױ
½˼ңøӡ
ȥͼޣϻؼʱǰޣ˵һ仰ǡҪúõġ
һü΢šǶ˳ǰ˵һ仰˵һ䡣
ԤһԽǰٰѶȥա
µǶûߣТܵͼ޺ϲдŶ²
̫үɥ£½Ҳɥģ½ȢףḮҲϺֻ˲ܵ׺ء
ɵ̾Ϣһ뵽ֺܻܼЩ
Ǵʱģٷˣ߹
ݱ׼Ǿץ˰
ЦӯӯСӣĪ궴İգſˣֻӬš
⼸ʳˮǴһһġ
ǾôţŮ鶼ʡˣ˵̫̫أŮǶǰ̼ȥˡ
ֺǺǻصĶѽүԸŲҲҡ
˵үٷȥɽ
һСû׽ˣ巿ĽǣҲֻѰ߶ѡ밢ͬͬͬͬ˯
졣
һҲֻͣȹԸȥʰ
ػˣ㽫һһ۵סԺ˶Ϊ۶ˣʱȥ
ûա
ɵۣﻹǣסٷˡ
үˣʱȥô
ɵۣӶ˻һۣݱҲһ
ֻƲͷȥסЦ⡣
Ȼ˾һѣȥػգôţҲûá
뵽ģðί
ʾؿ༸˸ٷˣԸʲôû죿
ߣؿְࡣ
ģԺ̫Сˣϻذ¶£Ʋף´ˡ
ؿʱǾҵģ⼸ٷ˶û
۴üͷ»̰䡣
ʲô취ֻһΡ
ȥիЩʵصָ˾أҡͷȥǼ
ӦһܵĳԺš
־Ѱ¶ٷ⼸ԺУԵÿɺã˯ÿ㣿
¶ʱ££ͷѾͷ⼸ҲҪףݳڣϰ¸
˭֪һҲûٷ˳Է˯
ٷֻͷһȡ죬֮󡭡֮Ͳ֪ˡ
ٷЪ߹Ժգһζûȥʹ
¶ۼүŭʱ¡
⻰޿ɱ粵ֻԺڲ߶ͷֵλ֪ѾͷС˶ӣֻҪͶв
ټĻ԰ӣˡ
۰һ̧ȥա²ʵ˶ûС
¶㷣μ£øٷʰ֪ٷÿճʲôʲô˯úòá
ʱ洺磬صɷԺʱ
һ֪û£ЩֻȥʣӽнȥΪ
¶ȻƳһۣС
ִϻӣԭٷ˯ЬӶǺ̵ģ⼸ذ࣬ûȥ
ȡ࣬һţøЩ
ܿ˵źӸҪ͵լֱӸסˡ
۳Ƭ̣˵Ҵ
ɴ۾ĶˣûˣС
ȥƽƽȴףĶˡͷˣľ⣬ֻ뿴һۣ§һ
һͷ
ŵĺӣȥ߹ԺС
һƾǷų¯ģѾͷһۣסЦ⣬үںٷˣء
˭Ҳףүôٷˡ
ǵһۣûһ£°ա
Ŵ˵Ϲٷˣǰͷ
ٿˣ
Իֻ֮Żȥָɥ񱸵ü˭˵һ˵죬ȥסЩӡ
˱ͣýƻֳ
鷿УʱʱƳһ⣬
Ժһ죬סǽŲŵ鷿ű̲סôоԵúã˯Ҳ㡣
űʣأ
Ž£ң⣬ֻһ˫۾ʮ㡣
˫ʮ۾Ц
һ룬죺ƭҡ
֣벻Լʱƭ
ɴŵ£ϸ״˵ô׽ģԼȥңͷҲһ˵ŶûС
ԭϣöл㡣
лʲô
л۽𾦣Ҷ
ÿ佱Ҳû֮飬סۣ˵
󲮵סãǾϣѳǱӡ
¹ش嶼ҰѶڷУЯš
忴ŵáᡣ˸
үֻѶɣүȴҪ۸ߵá
۷ӣ֪Ԥ÷ֽ̫Ӻ
һҲ˵ˣʵʵ˭
һĸֵܻͬҧǵһ𷢲Ƶֵ֣ҧˡ
Ĵǵڶ쵽ģְ¸˶
᳤ƽ᳤ֵܣ᳤ƽ֪Ĳ࣬Ϊǵܷܵ£͵ҵĶ᳤Ϲ˵һ䣬˵ǡ̫үǱӣ˵
⡰ˡûˣҲá
᳤֪ȽϢүָġ
̫̫ΪɷĲһٷ
᳤٣Լǩ
᳤Ը٣˹٣µķضҧǩ
һΡ
լأ
ĸ棬Ѻӱ˻ӵȷŵׯϣοסլ̺ȫˡ
լҲѾˡ
Դĸ֪ġ
һĸǡңĸһϷýַڶΪҵĸϻȥˡ
ñ룬ҲûƼĳࡣ
ǸӣҲ屧巿ȥ
ϣ
ûʲôָҲûˣҲı
Ψһҧģӱס
ԭϣϱӾƭǣӵĸңס
֪ԺŮˣ󲮵Ȼϵͷ
ûд󲮵ţϼҲӡ
ȴҾһѪ£ҪӦһʲôҲû˸ˤߣ¸ƨ
ǿһ
ٹЩӣ飬ϼҰ游ȻϼТТ˵
ϲϸҪȻˣ֪ͨһ巿жˡ
ͷͷ
˵꣬§뽫ǼסУЪһЪ
⼸գ˯˲ʱ
ָס˫ĿҸʲôֱ𣿡
һġ
ĸҲһģõʱŸòϣ㲻֪


108 أ׽
Ȣ

üһ, ˵ʲô
ŲҪţߵűߣûſ, һͷ, һס
ȥԺ˶ԶԶŲ
ܽԼȡ
ĸ֮, լŮ, شĸΪˡҪ˵, ҲǸĸ, 
˵ֺ꣬, Լ̫ͻСֲܹ־Ҫ
΢΢Ʋȥ, Ŀ⿴⣺ʲôһģе, Ÿһ
֪ʲôģþţҲϡ
һ
ǰͷ, ˶š
˱͸ںլ̫ƽ
, ֮ǰһ㡭һ⣿סЦ⡣
ۿһͷ
ڼʱû֪£Ҳûõ⡣
޽, ȴһ, ·ǰŨ, ֻܿէЩ˺Щ˶û壬š
Щ£㲢ɲ⣬լܼҵ£Ȼ˵ġ
㲻˵ôסĻͷһҪҲ͵͵鷿͸øˣǲǣ
Ȼǣҡ
ذû˵
ֻĴڣзģӡôףôȷʵûҪ¸Ҳ
³ͻȻ֪Щĸö֪飬⼸ղܰȻҪĸ֪ҹҹ˯ãӡ
֮õġ
֪ģŻ˵˫ֲסҸһĸף
ˡüɿѾˣҲǲ˵
ҿûиһͲ³ˡ
Щȣϻۣǰֻ֪úã黭߳һû뵽Ҳס
۵ĶסۣϾһţȴһ׽סЦһҪҸһһͣĸҲȥˣ
һŮڶź˭вţ
رˣȥ꾩ǳɱ¾ûۼɽġ
ʱ˻ֵܳסȴҲǰͷȥˣ̼
ǻ뷨Ӱѹ۸нʣѵķ巿˶լԺǶ飬ǹŶֻЩҲھ͹ضš
еŶһˣסаҹﶼҪϰ㣬ܲͷۡ
ɴͷ˵ǣ˵˲õĶǰͷѼ졣
ҲοĸĪţҪ£ŵģȲǾû¡
ĸ㰲㣬Ȱ裬Ƭ̺˯
ŵǸøĸһ
ֻøĸףָͷ޲ȥԴ
۳Ƭ̣Ҳø㡣
һ˫Ŀո͸Σ΢һͷ
һ¾ʹ˽ҹ»أϹƵģҹ
Ǽˣס
ͷתҪȥ
ȥδǶ˵ˣƢô
ߵűߣŤͷȥĸһ
ȥͬĸ˵
أҲøİգֻ巿£ðãҪġ˼ƣЦ˵ҵҹ͡һա
û뵽ҲˡƽҲ
ߵԶˣſ̾ǲǡ
ۼٷԶˣզ࣬ٷͰү鷿ˣ
ȥͲ裬Դɵɵѽ趼ˡȥùͷ
ƫƫ衣
ȿ衣
ȾŲгһƣһȿˡ
黹Щ̣Ҫڣ뷨ӡ
үٷ⾿㲻㳳ܣ
鿴ȥϲ⡣
ѾˣŤϲôϷ
ϣҾͲˣյߣүլլиӵ˵ˡ
΢졣
˵ҲϣûжӣͷҲһ¡
Ҫһֵģ־Եûԣȥôֹʲôã
ưͳԻп˵
ưͣҲֻܰ½м䡣
˵ţ۰ɫô
ûке֣Ȼû˺¡ѱСӶҰúܣܽݣͷһӣ͵֪
ʲôܸɣʲôܸɡ
ͨġ
첲ӣ۰Ŀ⾼
ȺЦӲù
һ裬˯ҲûˣɴȥĸԺУаԭԭĸס
趼ܹˡ
˸Ŀڣֵôһֲý̫̫Ժﶼô
ȥĸ
ͣƬ̣̾ǽҹֲðˡ
巿ð˯þͷһһɣ¶֮ǰôһҲ͸ôܸý֪
°ᾭס£ҲⲻͨںͷһϣˮҪ֪˭ĺ
ֻҹΣֻſ쵶ն顣
֮ͬɫͷҲǣ˶¶ͷ涼ɾˣ
ɾˣϹһѾǴլȥ᳤򷢵ׯϣҲ˾ǡ
͵ĸׯͷϣ
ݡһ֧ȥҪϼһҪǣҪݳס
˵ȥôԶˣϹ¸游һӡ
游һӣŸ˸ߡǴ󲮵˼ҲϹ¿ųġ
ǻϼң˿ţϹ»Ҫ游飬Ѿˡ
ðõĻأŮѾ£ҪǾټһϼȥҪ죿Ķͼޣ
ûЩʡ
ҡͷˣҲܹܵ¡ĸģҲ͸ŮһݹЩױѡ
˵ˣ˷Żع¿ôԸˣأ
۲ֱԣĸ׹
ȥҵ˵һ˵ǽԵ𡣡
ˣЩҪǰÿһһصңһܲ˼롣
ĸŮһ򴦵õ⼸յȹȥദʱ򶼶ࡣ
ԭСֻǰ֣ЩӲ֪ﾹ׵úܡ
ҪŮĻ¡
ЦˣѾˡ
縸±͸졣
ϱ½ԥ鵭½ԥȢ˭۲֪ޣȴһֲٰģˡ
ôƺõѡˣ
ǡ
Ǿͺãʱ㣬Щӣ࿴࿴
˵£ЩѰʱʱһ۴⡣
˼ӣһ첻ϱˡ
ҲǰˣϷˣȥաС໰˵һ֣Ҳæ
۾ôĸ׸ϳϷصɽȻû
һҲûŹ۱Ҳþȥ롣
飬һһõģˮƽ̨ϰ˺Щٷ˰ԵĶ飺磬үôɵȰ
Ƴˡ
㲻ʡ
СԴ²ʣѧŹӵģ쳤˲ӣٷ˻
ž˿Żż紵죬ɱȥûˡ
ͼүǵڿúܡ
⣬˼ٸŻͣ
۵ȵã־Լõȣ»񲻸Ѻˣ
һʱԥѶ
ӣﳣ˵ƨɳëסѵҲ
ڴʱһ죬ٷ˵ȹǸ¶ôһǶүӭǰȥ
ۼǰһۡ
ж͸Ц⡣
»飬ҲɻС¡
۲ۣʣҹͼ⽺òã
ã


109 ӣ
Ȣ

ҹ, Ů챻еϷ˵ѩڡ
һ֪Ϊ˺£Сȥٷˡ
ã¸, С, ¾ͱȥˡҲֻ巿ͷ˸ӵ£˳衣
趼Ϊ¬һ̾ġ
, ֻһȥѩá
¬϶Ƕ, ߶һѾͷӡ
ϼϸü, ˲Ÿմ˸, ˱֪Ƶġ
ü۽Ƕ͸ŹҪЦЦζ˻֪ʣɩ, Ϊʲô¶ĸװǶй
ϵľ㡣
ҡҡͷҲ֪ҪĴ¡
ȫ, ĵ, ͷТ磬綼ͣˣֻТǻá
ҹǾģȴѰ
Ǹ, ѾḮ, ¬ϵôʱһ֪
һɫ¬ϵûүס磺ɩ, ɻûУͬ˵Щʲôɱǡ
Ŷ, ȥɷ, ɷȴûֻţĪ
˭ںͷŲͨẦ¡
ο¬꣬һһ취ҲûС
˿ɫĲģ촽һ˵ʲôģסˣֻ۲ȥȥգȥ˾֪ˡ
ϺͶϣѾ̫̫С
ϻк˵ɩˣǶûš
̫̫ߵ̫̫ס죬˸Զλ£Ųյһڡ
һ˫۾ͷβԤſϷ
үصȴһͨƢ뺦һӲ꣡ô͵ŶǶдʲôȫϡ
ŵϷףģǶϻдҵ¶
үһۣǼٵģ
ɾͲˡ
ٵģɫף˭Ҫң
ң̫̫ңⶫⶫ٣үһճȭʯɽˮһ
ͨƢ¬ϸͨ
ԼĴȫƵϣ¶巿
ҲòãĶǼٵģǻĵƤ
ô죿㲻ѾŴˣͷ˼پˣϻ֬ζϿɲ
үҡͷô죬ﰡǰͲܻϼТһʲô¶Ϲȥˡ
̯ӣӸ硣
壬Ҳղ¸Լҵ̴ˣɴһˡ
˵͵ϽţʰʰǾͻϼҡ
ͷǱܻ޲ܰȫҶϣһôʰɷһȲһ廹ͷ˸լ˸ӡ
Ȼͷģ
үŲյò붣죺ɲǡ
ʲôʱ֪ģһɷɫ֪¶־һšĸ첲šࡣ
Ҳ˵©ˣϻôÿ¶Ҹͷⷢ
ˣ
ˣץܵʱ򡭡ү˵©죬Ϻݺݹһ£żæŵķԸѾͷӡ
ʰҪֵǮĶôϣø˵һ
̫̫ˣȥ
üͷһڵùʱ򣬼űԼùģܺܵöࡣ
һŮţ˶Ҳûϱڶɩࡣ
̫̫⣬ԼӶߣȴһҲ˵¬ϣϱ
¬ʲôԸ
űǹֶϼףžͽ
ķ巿ϼңߣʰʰѼԿ׶ƣϴϱ
¬ˣһͼɩ̫̫λãָǰñֱ˿
ôͻȻҪϼңͻȻҪܼȨ
һأ¬Ͼ֪Ƕ˲
Ҳܵģһҹ⣬Ҫɱܵܰգ¶ͱȥˣֻ
Ȼͬµһֻû뵽Ҫǻϼȥ
¬ֿ̫̫һۣܼȨ̫̫ͷһ͸òͬ⣬ҪȻʱô󾢰ѹܼȨ߬Ϊʲô
Ȼ̫̫ӦˣǿҲá
Ц⣺ǣֻǼ˶¶࣬Ĺֻ½Ӳ꣬οö˰
ҪȥҲøɸɾȥд˵ܼң˸岻
ɲܸһ󷿻ȥǻܼҵ²һûص
ˮתһ̡
ȴɩ˹ܼȨʹҪǮŮǵļױ
ŲյųԲ͵ɫ룬¬ϵ̡
ףܵ
¬ĵ⣬˲ֻҪӵ²ͱƣϾ͵úÿ
ܼȨ½ˣ¬ϸȥԸӣʰһɨû˶
ô̫̫л˵ǶѾ֪ˣ
̫̫һ塭Щ꣬ǷҲûµģ㡭
¬ϰһʮ̫̫Ҫ˵ʣˡ
ǻȷʵûˣһҪӣɩǲ֪ٵطࡣ
ɾûУͨˣɷôЩˣҲûУ
͸˵һˮﺵضˣӲѿϡ
¬ЦˣҪǿ˭ãǰֺõģͺõģֻܴҸ˶
ֻҪТڣһĸɡҪأ¬ѾڴˣӼһһ
ô󷽣Ҿͷˡ̫̫һ̧֣ա
ͼе裬˸кģѾһˡ
¬ϼ⺢ӣɲʱ˵ըߣ˫һʱ֮ͼ̫̫һһϡ
ʲôҲ
⺢ͷģǼҪȥӲٷͷ̫̫¬ɷ׵ɫʲôӣ˭ûӡ
ڲһ꣬ǵ¶˭˭
ٰߵĸ򷢵Щ˵ʲô¡
ţϼס
˲һã
ٿһס¬ϵĸ첲һС
϶ˣ̫̫š
¬ȥϷɲʱֳһţǺӱţҲûҲû֣۾һգ캿
¬ϱ̧巿ŮϹһȥϱޣֱ
ĸʲô£
¬ȥϷ¬ϵѾͷδУˣүͲȥ
¬ߣһܼҡ
үͷ˸һĺӻ̫̫˵ǣ˵Ҫˣš¬ûģˡ
ϸףĸӲãȥ븸ף
̫̫Ϸ̧巿Ҳһ·ҪߣһȥŶҲõˡ
ﴹȥͷˡֻү²
ûһ˸ˣү˵ǰæѲ
ֻ֪ޣĸףŽ㣺㣬ôã
˶񣺡Ͻȥ򡣡ҧȥһϷܵܽӹ
һܣĸѾͷԧУȥʰӣŪ˼ס¡
㣡治š
ñˣҲúá


110 ɾ
Ȣ

ҽű뵽Ḯ, ˵ģ˸ӣֶõ֮һͷ, ֽŷ, ǡ
õ֣˵
ܿȳЩ
ҽ, Ե¸¬ϼҩ, ʣȳʲô
ͷ, ҪѪ, Ǻ¶Ҫ, ֪֪ҵȥͷܵܡ
ӵܵܣȦһ죬ﲻƽ
ҽ˵ˣﲻ, ֻȰ, ܹ𡣡ãͷС
Ǻﱧں壬һǸТ²Լǡ㡱ǰͷ֪Ķȥ, ܲ, Ϳһ⡣
ﰲҪ˯˵žҪѺӱ
һͷȥӣֻǵТ, , ʲô̺ˣ
żк, Ҫĵġ
˵һỰŲĸҪѣҪʱʲԧøĸǮѣûУ
ԧˣֶĸ˵ĸһһһ£Ե顣ľģ̫̫ʹ͡
ϱźӣвסлűߡ
һűߣʶĸס
Ŵȣ紵ϣ££䣬°ˣҹﾹô
¬һʱȻпã벻ںδŮڴߣſڵ㡭
һţѪӿۡһ³Ѫĭ
ӽס᣺Ī£˵³Ǻ¶Ҫǻڸڷ
¬ϵȫˣһƬңһأ
㲻ǰ
ֹסί㣬ȥáǸˡ
ﵹ˲̤Ϸ¬ϣԸģðѺӴ̫̫ǶӹѾʰӣͷȥȥˡ
׹㣬ԡ
¬֮󣬰ϰ춼òһۣúá
²ܸҹ
ǴʱĸˣҲߣ¬ʣúˣ
úˡʵģһҲûǸϣҪĸ״Ҫӡ
һе¬ֱۣ㶶ʶ̫̫Ѿͷѧ
ֻŮȥ˯
ѾûŽһ˯ˣҹȴŽĸ첲š˯£氤Ž㣬ʣǸӳʲô񣿡
һСûء
䲻һĸģվһһüë°֪ͣǽá
վһ飬üҲмơ
Ǹ䱧ĸУȴ˸ϸáЩࡣ
Щ˯գʰ
Ḯҹ˺˯
ڴϣ˯ʵˣŷ
⿴ϸ޵ģ̲סȥ
˯ʵֻԴߣë
һ촽£һ̧סֻ֡
Цˣķ巿ˣͻȥסЩӡķ巿ڲլоܸˡ
۵ʱ֪ϱӵİԵɡ
У׹֮һ飬ķ巿뿪ȥһ˿ǡ
֪ҹ˯Щ˸ŴҲҹ˯ˣ߬۵֣Ҫ˯
ֻ֣ǽڷָƼĦ
ȻƬ̣̾˿ɿҵͷ˯ȥ
Դᰤһ£ֻ¡ֶ֡汧űԤͷ˯ȥƿһ
ͼڴϣڷɢ󣬱£ϣˮб£һ˫ĽѾӡ
Ѿ֪ΪҪ˯ȥ죬۾ȴ
ЩϲǽѾӾһһġ
ĿһָٿطӣվվӲϣﻹ֡֡
ЦԼڴ̯˯һҹ
ڶˮͼﾫӣүоݣǻû
۷Ը飺ҪЩġ
ױǰݶͷһҪŨ裬ǲûЪãǰͷæôҪȻ˯ա
⼸Ҫߣȥѩá
ˣܰЩˡ
ҲԸݣʰѣݶͽ㣬һȥҲһ˶լдС£֪ܵ
ǡ
ù緹ȥ̫̫У⻹̫ү֮󣬼ͷô롣
ţĿתһȦϡ
䴩Т£ϱʩۣ֬վŮĸŸк
ϵĿʱʱ¬ƳһƳȥ¬ϱŤЦһЦϱһ̣ջĿ⣬ͷɺ
ֳͺˣ
¬Ϸģźӽţ̫̫һͷźãҪǳʲôӡ
¬϶̫̫ϵмɫĿüδȥ
̫̫һۣҲ˵Ҳ㣬ͰķڶӵǸŮ˲ˡ
źӻϼȥ˵ģ巿ֻӣǱǰѰ¶
꣬ӽɣ˭֪
¬Ȼһ̧ͷ̫̫ͼ̫̫΢΢ͷ
ΪӲȥĸǸŮ֪̫ˣ˭˭棬̸ã֪
Ҳ
˵ԶԶģʵһͣһס
ⶼ˵ˡ
Ҳûȥ㣬Ҳܡ
£Լģҹ̫̫
浽ʱȻҪøɾ䣬Ůİѱ
ﲻܡ⼸¬϶ߣƬ̲׹¶ɷְģ˺ӵŮˡ
ǻƴһ磬ŻźӲžůЩ
⺢ӻ£ŷ¬ϸһǣץǲס˱̧ͷ¬ϣȫİ
¬ϲҿ۾ĸϽнѺӽ
̫̫ˣף¶Ҳ˵ˣϼҰᣬʹˣҲಡ㶯ھС
̫̫ʮͣЩ걣ˣ˿ټ˵Լʹˣֻǲϼҡ
巿лһ죬ˣ巿Ӵ˾ֻϼҸ
ȴ̫̫ǿ󲮣ͷˣ²㶨¡
ͷһμ󲮸󲮸ϵʱһģһ
dͷһƾĸ׷ԸͰŴֻʱסϽķ巿ͳҪ
ˣǱլһ֣鷳
һ¾˴룬ķû³³ɿա
󲮸һ򷢻ϼȥǿ̿๥
巿ȴŮھǲȥˣ治ϣ¬ϵΪ¸һӺù
˵ˣǴĸֻչǡ
ãŲ̫̫ԺС
ĸӹܼ¡
һ׮׮źãɽ·ϣʰû£
üһɿʲô¡˶Щѣֲֽģһ¾ͺ¡
뵽ʲôЦ֪֮ʲôˡ
һʲô
󲮸
ѧŴ󲮸ӡ
ۿһܼϵӡ
˿ؼⶼɾˡ


111 С
Ȣ

ż, иæҡ
æŽ¬ϻ潫뵽ԺжˣÿˣϸĿ, һӦɥȢ, 
ϣ֪ӹ, һʱҲ鲻©, Ҳȥ顣
Щ, һڹ
˿ð̫үɥ, ֪òŸɳڣ˲Ի, һʱ˵⻰ʱ¬ϵĿ⣬ƽʱһ
¬΢Ƶ, ЩǶڱ
ֻ, Ǻõġ
ϻֻ֪ôæҵʱ򣬻ܵǰǵáοο
͵ΪŮ, С, ܱȰ·̵Ҫá̵Ļ׵ֵڣܸһء
˵ЩʱЦضزסˣ˵, ־䶼ԡ
¬Ȼ, ֻһͷɩ˵Ķ, лɩҡ
Խžͱ˴Ϊ飬˽һǳƺ沵Ҳһһ١
䵭ּԭȣëƵļǹ
Ƭ̣̾㡭뿪Щա
䣬˼ֿο˼
ҵˣʲô벻ġ¬˵ҸٿȳѪĭԼŮô죿
ѵָɷ
ѹʱһ⺢£ΪŮ
ĸһȥϼңȥˣҲܸ֣ĸʹĸš
ɣֻ㣬㿴á¬϶ܻҪǻزĸڣ¶Ҳܵģã߶
ǡ
¬ϻģֶһ䣺ɩúദϲ
ƣǲʱͷּˣɷֲҲûֱ
ۿõľҪܴЩ֣ҪиŰæµʱ򣬻ߵһߵš
ʡãȫΪҸúá
ٱʱ¬ϿŮ￮̾ҺýߡǰͷţӣҲԼˡ
æʰӣ󷿽ֹܼҵˡ
ķ巿һˣ󷿶ȥæ
ֻЩ
ûܹңүΪٲΣ˻ڹѧ
һҲ֮أеǰԭܼңҲûʲôʩչֽŵĵطĸѧһЩ
Ҳһĸߣѧܼ¡
ĸܽĶࡣٳϵɲ¬̵ܽġ
Ӧһúøĸѧ
£ϣ
һ΢죬ͷȥѵѾѡܲ졣
ݱ׵ҪȻٷһʡ
ҡͷôʵóڡŶȥҲ̫ׯˡ
ݱ룺ǸЩӣȥ̽̽ݵĿڷ硣
ƩͶ̥ߣҲǵͷ
ֽŻȥ㣬úסգɿɿٻ

Ӧһ¶Ҫؼһ¡
˿ȸԾӣһûʲôȥװҲװװӡ
СǸҵ񣬲ʧ
һԸңҪôЩѽһ˵ͼҪЦЦģȻ׹ҵϱԴöȶҳٻҵġ
ƽЩҲ֪һƬ⣬һллԤЩ
ط͸Ͻȥš
Ӣ׼ҵͷˣ
ģ˵ҪΣм궼üǹסЩӡḮһңԸһҲ̷ˡ
ʴ˲ݱţӱţһͺ࣬ȫ˵
ҹúòãӢΪģʲôõԣϱգﳤ͹˵ȥò
ûʲôİգ
̷˷ģû˸ҽǸүүȥҲҪһͣҪȻͻˡ
ǾͺãǾͺáӢȥӡ
ֵʣʮأ˰գҲֻ죬ճ֮⣬ĹһǶӡ
һ졣
ӢʣôһҲû
ԼЦˡ
ʱȻԸԷͬࡣ
ӢҲйŮʱ⣬뵽»ʱҲˣ΢΢һЦǾͺãҪǵ̲סҲЩ
ϻػӻ̣û
ЩҲ֪ûС
Ҳ֪վҪȥ㡣
ֻӵģæҲ͡
۰ǰЩżѩƬƵĶء˵ؾɽãһƷһ񵥡
۶鷿ǰһż
°ŵһߣ˵µš
ԭЩ¶̴̰˰ڴˣָܡЩűѻڰϣмûּˡ
½ԾֻƬ̱ôһԾ
ѵ̲̺Եʣ
ֽī㣬ùߺȹ˵ģôԾ
һ̧ͷžƼ顣
ţʲôԸ
ٷ
ֻ¶첽ˮȣűЦʣǲǺüնˣ
ѰʵסæȻûд֣ԽңǱʾûôմī
ɲɣһղ־ˡȻָָСѾֽ̺ںīд
Żʰֻհݱ̫үĹľͼȥˣô컹Ҫд֣
ɨۣ룬⼸²ܻعӼ൱ʿʴѧ
ˣЩŹֵġ
û˵ĥĥߵǰĥīȡʣд
һԤֽͳţдţ춼ȥˡ
ۼǰд֣ߣپˬ
һ۽ҲŻţˮ
վͰѰǰѹż꣬飬͡
һţۻץűдֶٷˣһӡ
СʱүͰǳд֣Ҫٷֶүǣôһû䡣
Լ£ߵҪıʡ
֦ڰ˿ͷҲûأЦһתģҰ鲻ҵıʣ⾢ʲô
д
ԵĲ˵תôãֻдֶѣһһ͸ֽ
ȻǸжأ
Ȼˣ벻뿴ͷĿۣУֻӣ֪תתö
Ҫȥͼүٷǣֳ鷿
ôǼŴֶдˣ
Сʱľ򣬴˲򡣡ָͷǰȻһ£۴ȻǶ쵰󡣡
һ·һ·˵߽ݶϽ˳
ڼҪּҵݶ㶼Ժʯͷ
⾢ҲС תһִתøɣôֱŵġ
סЦɴ
ǹүᣬֻżһЦ
ֱЦýȣͷʲôأ
⻹Ǵ죬˾ͽһҺҺãɽֻǼû
ӷ۾Ϲ¡


112 
Ȣ

ƿһ, ˣҪҵӣ޲ܲϳɻȥ
۾һ, ɲס, 
磬ЪЪ
, ͼҲ, ˯ڴϻصĺ, 
ֹڸ, ˯ʿ
ɻȥԴûͷ, һƱɲסˣҵ
ɷ̺Ͱˡ
ôŻؼң
ϸһ, Լ޽ûаһ, ˭ؼҡ
ѾͷǶûأֲΣˣȥ͸ż١
Ҳúɿ켸, Щľݺˡ
۸ɴҲ, ߵ޺齱ߣŰתȦæµ
ϵ񵥣ֿһ飺ȫģҪʲô, ˻, ȥ
Ҽܶʲôһ˵һվӡ
ݻ, ˵ֱҹúòãˣΪʲôСϱңҪ档
ֻȥطױУѡصͷ
»飬Լļױ͸ͷ棬㶼ϲͼͷ涼Ƕ׺챦ʯǺʯǶ
ʱ͵ʮĶ飬Ҳǽ׵ģûȫصͷ档
ײһ֧ĵ鳤
⼸жȥڷֻһ޻ϵµķ̫̫ǶˣɰܴܲŰ׻Ұա
򴽷ɽúɷԺش¾յ˺֣ڴǰȱȻ
Ƶ
̧ӣΪ˰õġ
һ澵ӣֵٽ̧һ˸ߵؾ߰˰
ͷؽݣƼôľӣͷ˻ֱֱ߹ŵվסݶǼ˵ģݶϽȡ˫ϲ֣ͷ
Ӹ˼ղſϰߣԾݿοѰ˼Ҳľӡ
ȷʵյյ̫ˣƶ⡣
񵥣վ󣬰̫أҲƳˣö򼸼صΣĪȥ飬ȥĸ¥¥򼸼
ֻæǰ£ˣܲðֻⷽȥ
룺ôˣҲҪ
ôɣĸΪڼüȥ飬鼱ҴĨȥˡ
緹һֻֻʳ࣬ķ巿ˣǴ󷿹ܼңԱ仹ûȴѾƨ
ٷҪң𴦲֪᲻֪
ѰԵļͼ⽣رӣиڵССӣĶ
ţһ֣һ֣аźۣﶼǡ
ÿҨڣٰѳûģ͸ݼ
ϰҷųԾǣǵȶݲſϳȥ
÷ˣʹˣײͶżѾͷÿ˸С
һ򿪣ͷЩؾصΡ
̫̫˵ˣǻңܲôأ»ûЩҹСġ
ǶѹޣɫɫֻͬŴҲˡ
ӹҪ񣬳֣ٷױˣ͵ͷݱ𣬽з˿Ҳϲ
ȶۣˣ鲻ˡ
ֻһѣ˸ΣϷݱĸ
˿һȦͷźáһ˵һ̲סЦ⡣
˴ֽܴһҲǰ㽿ķҲޡ
ΣҲûʲôֱ
ڰߣʱһŮǰݱ̫үĹľ
һ·͵ͷһ١
ֱȵ߳Ҳۻˡ
һ˵ּݳˣʱŵǳߴٺЩЩҿ
~һ˦ӣϳؼҡ
ųʣд椣ˣˣˣûУ᲻Ӱ椵Ļ£
ЦֻҼˣӾ˳ЩôްˣһҲû䡣
̸ĵˣµ׾Ҫߡ˵㣬Ǿǵҡһϳһ治˼Цڸ࿴ϱء
գգۣﻹûμɩʲôģ
ǲһģȢˣܵûӰ
ĶѽڼױذգǼüҴɶɡ̽ϢģʳȥĶˡ
ûأ
ûУֱطȥˣǿҲ֪ΪҪܣиĹ
ʲôˣѵǹ
ǹģüĿɫ̬Ǹˡ߸ŵģһƾǹ
ڹеĻῴ
ԸǷǣ˵׼¸鷳˵ġ
Ȳ鷳ҲͲλε¸߰°ģҡͷ֪˭˵ֻʵ
ǹ˹ɫѿúܣ߸ҲЩ鷳˼ȴһֹ֣ס˻ͷû˵
˼ȥǸҴ˵һ˭֪ҴЦʹˡ̽ʲôȥʺġ
ȴ΢죺·ծǵĻǹ
䲻֪λ˵ݣҲ¸鷳
ף䰢ͶףװųɵףɹҪ벻Ǳûеɽ
¶ֵͷϡ
˹ﻰﻰ⣬Щ˼⣬ʣ͵ðѰõȫ
֪顣
ֵֵܣһ֣Ҳ÷
Ҫ㣬ɲʲô˵
ֲɵһǹϣ˴椲źá
˵䣬͵ּǰñ³սţѾͷӣ㶼˵ȥ
ˡ
һ仰ðˬ
̷ڴءʲôͷԸȥĺ⡣
һ⣬ֹסѣҡͷТЩ˶գóŸһ
Ц仨ƵģǴ˶Ÿǲӣȥ졣
ԼС·ˣصԺ
޵ʱԺ滹δȫǲϼԺǷ
յűߣһ̣һ
Ӣ켱۾ͼ⣬ס˰ϸͷ϶϶ʯָ
ȥʱûЩӶ뵽ˡ
͵ġ
ӢԭǱϲǣҪȻôӻš
һ֪ûίúúãǴãҾͷˡ
ʲôĵģҪǴҲãҲܻˣôţѲɻס
ɲô˵û˵䣬ǽͷ۵ľˣӢİһ£ֵҪ㲻ãˣڣ
һۡ
ӢϽЪЪʲôżѽСһȦˣ͵͵ЩʲôҪ
ʮˣʱԻ磬ȳࣿ
Ӣ컰û䣬ݾźӽˣ鼱ġ
ˡ
ԣҳء
иͬͬ


113 ְ
Ȣ

һ, ˵û䣬µ˱ˡ
պӢָ񣺡ʰ
޳ȥ, Ҳǹ̡
˵㱨¹ϲ, Ƕ˫ݵǮ, ¸ԤҪ, үһ»ǰЩӷ, ͷ, ֪˵Щͽ˲
³үҪ, ȥҶ˵ӣﶨᡣ
Ƕ˼ȥǵǶˣȥЩ¶ʹ⡣
, ֣ùơ
, ϵĵӵݸ
һɨָֽϻ̺˸žͳɣò֣µǵǶ, Ҳ֪ס, լӡ
̫³ֻöֳɵģȥ˲֪ҪôãԽ, Խæҡ
ֻõ˴, ǶҲеۡ
ʲôʱ
վ, ȼȥǵǱ߽ϸ㣬
ֲʹˣլι¸һȥ
ǡ
ִҲð¶ˣЩûееʱͷ̫ࡣܾܵˣҲƲġ
⼸ÿնӦ꣬ԭ˵ģʱ˵ǸУҹҹС
Ƕ˭룿
µӣҲûӢЦŰٳԸ¶㡣
׳ףִжֺǺǵģɰ죬̫үûˡ
ִһɥüͷ壺֪ʱôҰ¡ʺȥͷΣ
żţ֪Ḯο̸İգӡ
ִлǲ֣ԾԼҹŮίСģԭҼƲҲŷմȡ
˾Ƿſӳԣһᡱϳ
ТϣøвҶӡ
뵽ŮսҾûԣִлܣʴ糿ʱԸЩ⣬ЩгеļԼңҿĸҽͷ
˭֪ԣһǵԸģ˸⣺ȵ˵ѾԹˡ
ôģǲȻãȰϻڷʱ⡣
İͷɰ˰̳⡣иճȭͷ󣬳ʱһѴл֥顣
ζֱӣҧסﲻסԼûϢʮûζͲӡ
ִк׼ŮһʹָЮһϽ
̣ĵģ԰ˣһأθԲˡ
һӳԵģĸȭͷȫ˵С
ݶ̲סһʣµӳˣ
ѽԲ˶Ƕͳģ⽼رҲǶͼģԵٶҲûˮ
һ߳һߵȥݶǴһŽ
Цˣ˼죬Ҳܳġ˲ظһͬТֻҪʱ򲻳ԣżζС
Ѿ֪ϱ游Т˥ʱʹݡ
ЦˣȱҪɿЩȱʾʹ
Źʮ죬ô̵סѽӻ˵Ҫǵ̲ס˵Ҹӳԡ
ʱọ̀ż֪͡
ִ˵ŮһĿ̲סզࣺصþˣϽȵٲҲôԡ
оʱö࣬Ƕ˵ıҪǺײűʳһ٣Ǹӡ
Ҳ֪š
ѰǰĶȥˣֻȵȡɽ
Եʳ
ŵ棬ֻӲͷƤɽӡʳˮþͲˣ
ɵŰǳɽӣԵöֱᡣ
ִлŮʲôҪôͷ⣿ҽһȥ
ֱʿˮ
Ӣ쿴ȥˣʮˣϸθԻˣ˵ѽȸúȵࡣ
ǡִпŮɫӣԶˣ۲ﻹԣ
﷢ᣬϻҪЦòɢˡ
һݱӵҵԵҶҪιȥˡǵıɽӿ˻һ㲻ʣ
Ԥˣͷȵ
úúãȵ̵ȵģͷų̾
ӣѰ
۶իʮգһߣôԺӶˡ
ԺԾΪеƣûƣɽ޵޻𣬰ù֡
̻ˣңϲ裬ͼӵͷ飬Ҫ̧ͷһ۾ɽá
һߣֻ
ٷŻؼҶãûҹء
ۿ˼飬ʵڿȥһףٷдأ
ˣȥȡóһӵϡ
ͼһһֵȦ㣬дúõȦдĲģһ߱дһ
ŸƵƣٷͳҲдҳֽ°ҹô
Ȼûһ۾ˣ¿飺ȥּΣٷ˿ϲ
ϲúܣٷ˵үˡٷ˸û򿪡
⻰꣬һĬ
үҪЪţ˵ôȥɽõĵҲ
۸ɴˮȻȥƿɽõţﻹеƵģֻһյԶ˿
ݶӣү㶼ӭ
̺ҲЪȥա
ԼϴɵϣƬֵ̣˵ߡ
ͷͷСè˵ͬϵ廨һģĦһء
ͷֱߣű˯ȥ
Ҹͷȥ
Ӣݽţһ˶ɿˣЦŸ߶ӣѽû⣬˵Ҫͬʹء
̵סӦ͡
ɲɴõúܡӢԽԽЦֿ˶һۣæ˰¶˹ýӣͷϱ
ѡ˼ңȰѺҵ⼸ˣоŲģٱ˴࿴
йְ޵ܣֻһĸ
ģɵطûͨС檣һס
ЦͬŮҵǴ˼ģɾΪˣҲ뻵һ۾ܿס
ֶӢ˵Ŵն࣬࿴Ҳ㡣
Ӣһ£ѽҺģͿС๫ƲƵˡ
Ӣ˵˰죬̧ͷľ˼һѣôǵʱв˳ĵ¶
һӰȥعֵڹֵһҹģ춼˾ˣһʲ֪Ǹ˵˰ࡣ
ҲԷš
ûʲô£ǵ¶ĸ׵ǣû˵ʵ
գϷȥְˡ
һְһƷĽ죬ô
Ϸ忴һۣЦЦ鹬ƽɴͷ棬ѽ
鹬幫Ĺ
λ˹ѵ


114 ۡ
Ȣ

Ҫְ, ڶڷϸߴҡ
ѵðȻһڷӢ֪Ի, ĽС˵ͷ˼, ʮֻܲ˿ֱ
Բڵ, ܲ˿, ҳס, ܲ˿Ŀ㡣
ִЦһһ, ҲѧЩĹӵģԷƵ, ôôܺá
ԽԽˡ
þǻˮ, , ֻСޣֻŪ
ʱҲȥôˡ
ȥ˵Ƕƫȴǿ鱦, ˲, ʱѰ֧òΣ㲹ӡ
ӴЩŮ
ȥöԶǶʲôܲ˿, ҪҲȥͺˡ
ȥ, дŻ
ִеĹλ, ̫һλ䣬λ䡣
ɶ̫࣬ϽʮԷЩǳ裬˵λǾԪ۴Ӻġ
ִһĹְ֪ϸ񲻱ܣֻ
ٳϵ¶λ˴
̸û˵òˣŵҲְˡ
뿴ִʣĶȥˣôһŶûУڽмϻģְôҲñ
ҵ鹬ȥǵ졣
鹬ʣڽˣ
ǣҹұ㲻÷ˣֵǺúóһ١
Ӣüͷãǻ
ִеһٶе˼ǶģһѲڸѲⲻͬ
ڽͬΪڽ붼Щõѫӵܡ
ѲҲϹˣҪǵˡ
Ȼοϲأ˵׼Ҿ͵˹ʶ~
Ӣȴֻöƽƽ˳˳ɸףƷܲﷴҪ
û¶лϽڣҪ治ڽˣ߶߶ְִҲοСӣͬҵĶһҾˣҲҸӡ
˵ֿ۰񲻻Ůڡ
ӢǿЦЦ붣䣬ϵүˡ
ٿһ졣
ģôˡ
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ִһ˵š롱һӶŲԼصĶڵǰ
Ÿհ꣬۽ţ⻻Тһɫۣ񣺡ĸ֡
˵Ŀתϣ΢΢һЦ
κ¸ˣ
ֻЦ˵
ӢҲЦˣô绹û÷գһһŰЩصġ
ݶһꡣ
£ֿһ۰ģ˯ò
ɥҪ죬ִвǻͰŮйʱŵµ׾ҪлҪͬ˵
Цˣ֪Ǻ£ģֻλΪٵ֪ʮֻᵱ٣ֻܰ°ǡ
λ˼ᴦط£ֱ̫ڱܵطĹϽ
˵ͷϣȻ֡
רűȥͨɶ»صġ
̫ƥרӪ̫ƥŹأľ
Ȼ󿪷֮ţ˷ɶ̫£ҪɼУ⻨Ǯ֣ܰѲ°á
ÿһľܵ
˱ִС
˼ֻ࣬ûŮ˵ôϸ¡
Ҳǿֶȵصľɹʶг˵ӣʱһᱸƷȥһһҲʶˡ
״Ʒǳ£ԷҲǸύͷ
¹ٵӶܺˣ˭ҲôûǽԵƵ⡣ʶ˵ش壬Щ¾ͺðöࡣ
һСڳԱӣһ渶̸
ģϲ
˵Ƭ̣ԾÿڸɣҪ̧֣Ͷűӵݵǰ衣
ллٽӣǳһڣɶɹšŮΪڣָԷ˾ֶ˵ָǧڵְЩȻȥ򽻵
Щû̸ģִлҪ
̸ʱˡ
ִдϹñҪߣʱŮĪߣҹүۣ˵˵͸
ܲһ壬¶֪գ
ͣǣСƾš
˳ţ۲ת밢粢һͬغԺȥ
ʱʱƵ۾ɨء
Ϊǵ˼µˣ΢΢Щ죬᲻֪ϳʱ쵽ŵġ
ֻҪ˲ߣɹ
ź밢ͬͬ˯ĸǰк
Σǰһæ游ɥ£ÿˣùȥϷʱ˶δѡ
ײȥˣһֱӳѡ
һȥȥȥϽȥ
ĸкŭʱ񣺡ĸ֣ʵǡ
ӳ۸ȥգû
ֻͷһ춼ͼͰ͵Ҫȥɸʲôӣɴཫˡ
ȥȥˣݱʲôһ糿˯ˡ
ͣ˭ֻ֪ۣ㶼ûǣôɶ¶֪Ҳǿ鿴ģ
Цˣȡī鵥ɽȡ
Щдš
Ӽס飺С磬Ҫȥݶȥʳͷװӡ
һЦˣԺѾͷʵڲܲСЩģгһЩ
ݶէģ·û죬ֻ²
鿴ŽãЦˣɣ͸Ǵȥ
ȥúܿ죬ʳнݶ㣬ӵдģȡ˼
ַһ˵ֲ񣺡ǲũһǧƥڸ
ЩдĶʲô
ǳ¼ۡ۰ű࣬ڲϣ֪һֻҪȡһĿȻ
۷˵ھǣ¼˾ÿշһۡ죬ɳ
󣬸ضгǵĳڵˡֻҪ뿴Ǯ򵽣ƫԶĵط·;ңԶһۡѵãھǣֿɵõĶ
ҳ͵ԵǺö
ֻԡǰۡϱ㲻ٳ¼ˡ
ǰꣿ
ˣǾǾԪʱʱĳ͢ܣЩ㲻ٳտ
ۡܿʵǲ۶ʾڸ¿ɰ죬¼˾Ҳۡɳ
ˣǰǡԭǸҲ˵޵ô
ûгҲ֪˶ԭĻʵǸС䣬Щǹڦ˵ֶζѡ
˵ĺЩҲûСʣô֪أ
˰գƩ˶˰Ǹߣ֪꾰˳Եö࡭Դơ
̾һͷҪô˵źá
һ£۲ϱȥɽⱲӣµȥɶ
ʣǹڿⶫҸҰֿ鹬ȥˡ
üͷ΢ô¶ͬ


115 
Ȣ

ĵûȥɽ, ȥɶñ۵ԵʡǺȥ鹬ΪΣ
ĩ߾£ϱӹλǨ, Ӧǽ˻, սǨġ
ȥ鹬ܹǨ
۷, ͱһ£ôˣ
, ôȻ鹬ȥ
ҡͷҲ֪, û˵ۼɲۡ, Ϊһݡ
ҸһȥЪŰա˵ž鷿ա
, Ҳɨſǰ̿ī
ݲֽᣬһһг¼
бֻۺ, ӿү, ʣүҪҪԲ裿
۵ͷҵ޺ϣϻػţûüϸг, Ҳ֪ѰڼҿЩʲô, Щʲô
ּΪżŮǰѵ͸ɾˣ°޽ұᣬѼϵİ㶼ڼױϡ
Щһ, żܾͿ˴롣
Ȱ, ӢʰЩСʱͷ, üӿš
ϻʱûϸƣ۴ʱһЩʯһǴǮյģмڵļƥľС׾ɰ
ͷۿţ滹òīϻӣǰԼġ
һϹȻ˸ŤŤġ֡
ݺ˲裬ŲͽľʣӣǹǴСһ鳤󵽵ģ
Ӹ²յŲ˵һߣǣԼĪ͸ǡٷˡ˸Ŀڡ
۲Ϊ⣺ǹģ
šӵͷ߰ʱգľ֮ǰģһˤˣõ̡
齱ߣյӲ˵ˣ̧ʾ⣺õ
ɹүˣҲֻü˵ܰã͵͵̵ģ⼸ƥСͿ̵һֱڴ¡
ԽԽЦ·ۼŸͷС͵͵Լߡ
ÿƥɫͬƥ϶ɫĨ׵ڣһƥͿƵ÷׵㡣
Ӷˣһ˵ǻϵ˵ϵĺԼ̼ƥ
ү˲ãⶫ˵˵Ƴ
ǻò״ƥڳһᣬһƥͲˣҵĵطˣôСԺӣݶﶼǹ
ûС
͵͵͵ȥģ˾ͼñ˺á
ôһƥڡ£ûȤˣû¿̣Ƣ
Ȼ˵͵ˣֻˣһֱûţ˺þءǰȥŲˡ
氢ĥī鷿ĴбĴһ̧ͷ
ͼүŲյЦվǰﲻס˵ʲô
ݵͷưһ̧ۣͷȥүԽЦԽ۵׶ȾЦ⡣
̲סһ
£ҴҲټ
ТʱȻУһؾһ꣬صסģѾ׸ô
үʱЩ£ò
ݲͬȵζﴦġ
һֽĥīڳİȥݺ裬ȡЩ
һ泭һ濴һģﾹɶҲ˸µĸ
һһеСУģ
ѹû˵ʲôֻӦȥա
ݵ˷Ը߳鷿󷽷ȥȡ˸С񼸿ӣӣľ±Ķˣ
Ӧһƿ֪Ҫ¶ȣҲһյ˵Ͷˡ
˵Цݵҵ˶ǮȻöǵ㡣
üͷǮΪ㣿
үҲżϵСôģ˵ˣͶǮֱð⣬ﰢĹ»ǣүҪǼͶǮ
ҩӵıˣ
ˣҲŵԭĽϿҩӣǶȵ
˵ٶ˵үǲǵúң
̲סЦˣùﵱҡǮˡ
ȻǰҵĲǣļСƣȫΪɲ
ݰֻҪûͷͺá
ˮͲȥ鷿
Ȼ˴뱾ּ˵ͻȻݣԭ鷿Щô
鷿ֻͶˣҡͷֻ񵥣ǳ飬Щ˵ʳײס
ֲĲˣҲûԹ
ⶫô
΢ҲǿãֻǡֻŮ˼Ҳȥ뿴ǮҲˡ
Ҫ뿴ÿһݻǡþȥ˵ģ
͵͵󿴣ÿŵ
ҧʸӣԴһۣģһڴʲô⡣
ָһ
֪ʳˣ
΢΢ͷҪ۳ԣ֮ǰλӳƵڶ˸ҳƵһһкЩ˽ɫ֮һҲû
ȥµСˣҪá
ݲ֪Ҫʲôȥ˳һ¨ӣһǳӵɽ
һѾ˻Ҷ
Ӧݴߴ٣ЩҪ
һ磬⼸ɶۡȫۿʳй΢̣ȥ
۵һ磬ڵȵţôͳˣ
ˡɶݣˣдţճʳҲ˵Щõ
¶񲻱ȼж͸Ҫ˼öࡣ
Զ֣ӹʳУƿиǶСһһȡϡ
Ȼټ¡
һ̰꣬ã
۸Ҫվ֣
ӱվģͷƤ飬굽ͷϽ˳ȥֻ״δţ̺ꡣ
˵һ䣬ԼЦҧס
۾Ѷ߻ʱʱɨһۣٿһϵСˣһƾ֪ģּҳա
Ҷ£񣬾綵ɽ࣬ɫʫ
£
˵աʣʲô
뿴ǰۡѧôۡ˸綵÷۳Ƥӹŵۼ磬滹гļ飬ÿֻ״̽Ƥ͸
㡭ѧŵĻ̶ģʱһۡ¹ضأҪദ¼
۳Ƭ̣ҲǲУܱ鷿ҪǿЩ
öˣ˵ĻҲࡣ
ԣȻǰʦܵиʦաӦˣϻҪЩͷ
ʲôأ
ңɰҲضྫ£ֻҪǸɰС˼ҵɷкɰףֻһ˫ЬӣʲôûС
һԼȳ׷ɲ

Цӯӯ˳ȥ
ʮ˳ۣסвˣ秵
Ӧԣڟƽ𣬺񡣡Ӧʱˣûࡣ
óǺóԣЩʫҲܰóԡ
иô룬ʳд˲˵صģģá
ǸΣһؼҾ͸ȥ
Ҳ֪ɥ£Тܵţµ״Ҫ󣬰Բȥͼޡ
û뵽椻
ҲùŹ֣Ŷð椶³ˣ
ʳһֻСͶƿ˱ǵζգգۣ⡭ⲻ⣿
»ˣ鶫⡣
öġ϶ȹˮȥζһý𽹣õõ֭ζǻ磬ʵء
̫ƽɮ˵ֲˡۿ⣬½ҵ̫̫ǳصмҡ
ɲʱˣŻ볢һҲԲ¡
½ԥ᲻Դ椺ã


116 ٱ
Ȣ

Դ½Ҷ, ֪¶϶ûˣܼױ
ɷ¿ҪʵģŮļױҪǽ½Ʋ, Ҳûá
Ů˵£ͷŮ, Ҳ쵽ˡ
椽½ҵţܼ˸, Ҫ½˵ϻ, ܰõĻ¡Ҫ, ͷҲ˲ϡ
ү, ϽŶŮףΪ½ھվø, ͷ㡣
ͷ£ɲʲôճ
˵ˣ½ԥ½ҴϢһ
椵, Ĳһ, ͷŴ󻧣ļױҲͬ
үͷɣ͸ܰգִлԤŸŮʮ̧, Ǽô, Ҳּǿ
˵һϷô꣬˭ʱȡ
϶ٽױִҪͣʱ㲻ʹ, ˾ƻõ, Ļˡ
Ʒ, Ʒ߰뼶뼶϶ڻ
˻û˵Լ˵ˣ»ʱȷԽԽɲô˵˵½үǸְһ᲻Ƚϡ
˵ɷ򲻹ΪӣΪ˸Ҫء
ְӽеߡ
ǵֳģõôһź£ֻкôûлҲӺùˣҲǡ
˵óǷݣˣţǸ椵ġ
Ҳ֪СôôǮԼԼ˺ű
˵ȦһҪᣬһҪޣϽȰĪ׽Ƕˣ˵׼ʲôʱš
һӣ˵ˣ˵˵ǵģҲмпڣŸױա
ȥҸ˰ʮ
ϱ㣺Ҫôʮģ˸ˣҲܸǵĺãɳء
һ·ӳݴֵܶһµĶҲò࣬ͷϽˡܶЩɷ˽ûȫ
֪ˣˡ
ϴϱ֪ԴǸ˺ӣһֱȥǸҵ֪ôģֻܳôˡ
˰ЩǮĿŮߣԼǣһʱôóȥġ
ִ½ҵ½Ϸ˸½Ҳͷôȡ
ĸǸĿģҲָͬٺãҲ׶׶ϱ
ԸĲԽԽϱ
ܻҡ
۾΢գƷųȥĸһ̺Ͷã
ɱɵ㶵ãܶмģ¾û¶§Ůļ磬ǵͷˣû˵͵ƵЩ
Ǵ򶯲˵ģӷ̫̫ӡ˵ֶԴ椵ѽȻʮֵĹ򣬵̫̫ǰֺȥ
˸߼̴ի½̫̫Ͱ̫ƽµիǶ㹽ȴ˵ζ
Ҳһˣ¹๦ԼԸģҲֻܰ㵽
޲ŮǰЩһ
˵ģǡĪġ
ɿŮӣܲġ
ÿ𣬹ŵѧأѧѾͷҲҪѧ
ô·ô˵ô
ѾͷģǸõģǲЩɶġ˵ֱ𰢱ưߵѾͷŵĻӣ֪֪
һţİգ֪
ֻǿŮ꣬˿һ¾Գ
ͬүվһԽٷŮô˵Ҳ޹ȥͷͻ֪Ӳùˡ
椾ͻ³˸ȫ˳ǵ¶ãõġ
ߣ̫̫ţ½ԥµ³컹ȣһգ۾͵¶ڡ
Ҳһˡ
椽ͲȥּңдŸ߰ÿЩʲôʰҹô
žɥ£˵лðôҲһ̣ĪҪ½ž͸ִ
ǽ͸͸ġ
ֻˣԼȶûͷ
ţ̾ñȼ磬˯ñȹôϳĿͷ
ۼ̾οİգ½ֲǵˣ˰գҲȥӼɽµլӼһ
棿չüЦˣ˵ˣҪҸ廨ĺɰ
һղû廨ĺɰŪŪ
۵аʦҲѧĶ͵ãͺá˵ų尢ͷ
˼ԼŰ졣
ʲô񣿡ߣʲôѽ
Ƶȥڰ޺ϣ۰ôʣǲ𣬻ɰˣ֪ˣ
סʮգÿ춼һ÷
ͷһ죬ǸջؼҵḶ́ڶ𴲸緹
Լܳ⣬ͼӡ
ִпŮÿ촩³Եָжۣ׻ңô͹Ѭǵġ
ҳҲûٷǰ̫С︻ֲմ֣񰢵ҪΣһȥ꣬Щ
Եô㣬Ҳˡ
һ仰Ҳδ˵ϱӣŮһҲû棬֪ʱжôź
ִÿ춼۵ȰȰҿˡ
ǻأģȫТİա
ֱִۣң԰ķʮնˡ
ԼŮϵձŮգҪЩģõҲޡ
üǸ࣬üãТصóһû뵽Ϊ˲ðģųôġ
ֵȻһ緹죬Ȼգû緹ʱ򿴼ˡ
۰˵һ˫ֱȭҾա
죬ȥٰʮ갢Ҫʱһøоĸ
ڳȰվʹͨˣĶݿסةԻᰲųʳЩҲԲˣο·ԶȣԻ˶ӡ
룬ա
ʮ죬˫ЬЬӣҲةתºƤӣٸѥȥ
ִˮ·
ȥʱ԰Ǿ仰Ҫ㲻ãҵ
ۿŰϴЦ֣ͬǴһ۵ϥͷĦı˻ᣬһȥɶ
ʮգ
䲻ȥͼޣ죬ȥڻξ·ϡ
Ҳȥϲ磬һڳУξʱԶԶһۡ
²⣬ͷ£椲֪Цж໶ϲ


117 
Ȣ

Ũ
ظɥ, ߣҲɱлͣǰլԺ˾¡
󷿶ɥТ, Ĵ˿ɵ, ̫ү鷿ݣ顣
ÿ, ȥֶǶա
, ̰, ֶԳûλ, ֻ֪鼫ԼҰѧʸ
Т, 廹ڽ̵Ӽļ
ȥѧʱȫǰΡ
ͷѧôǼûУ
С飬Ҳмġ, ë, ֪Ҫϼ
֪ҪȥСӶ飬ֱֵЦҪԿͷ
˭֪⼸СӣŸ꣬ȴصúܡ
ۻʰʥ, ᵷ
鷿СĶ, ǰʥͷ쿪ݣӶؾذݹʥˣ־ʦ
۵⣺Ȼڼ, ֲһһϦ, еĹһ١
֪, Ñ
˵ɩҲ̫ˣǵģֶǶǲӦġ
ãк֪ڼҶ飬Ҳܷ¡˼Ҫͣø¹ء
󷿶ˣҲ
͵˾ɽڣһ¨¨һɹԲԲ۾
Ӷһۣһɻһıա
ۻ÷ЩЦһôЩ͵ˣ
ϻصǮ㲻ү֪ү䲻ЦƢЦͷÑҲ͸ʦġ
ʦһ£߿档
ģ棬ЦˣˣǾҸɽˮĴɽӣҵӣ㵱ʦ
Ӧɰأһƥݺ԰ǰֻͩϼҵԺһ
Խ˵ԽԶѾ˵ԺҪѼܣ
۾һɨʱ⣬˻˳ȥͼԽ˵Խ𾢣һ
հҲһȹűɴӰӷ·һ
£ֹסǡ
ץ˰ѹӣƣԵ
ֻҪһ˵춼̺
ϰΪʱ˳־˸ɹܷŰʱС١
ݰֳ֣Գϸϻ𡣡ߣḮ˷Ӷﻹʹ͸ǣ˼ӣ廨
ӰԶԶͷ࿴ۡ
ƼüһЦӻЦҲ죺Ҿǿ
˵ŵظСףҲֻ̳
һš죬û޵Ĺ
˵̣̱ˣ¼ݣ󷽷ͬкûˣӿڷУ
԰֮һֱڼˡ۸վɴȥƣòˣ
һͷأͨһǰߣһ̣ûŹͷգ
ûУöлٷˣٰʮӡ
Ǽ¶Ӳ֪ϸҲ֪ԩοȥãүүͬٷ˵˺һˡ
һӵ˼ãʱȥݼӻֻ۱ֻۡ
һͷл㡣
վڽ£Цͣʱų밲
۵Ȼϸ
ָ밲лٷˡ
߶˵ٷĳҪٰ̻ʮ£һ˹ͷǿɾ̱ڴˡ
£ʣͰװˣ
Ȼǡͷ̫ˣЩӣҸͷ
ٹЩӣ̾³ʤһͷȥ
ķ巿˾ǣͷլҲ˳ȥನδƽ³ʤźüլ̽Ϣˡ
ĸǳϷݵüϣ˶үӷ
ǸžͷˣҲˡ
Щô˵Ƕһ
ܾ˼˸ԲõģĶϺõĹԲɣż
Ȼô˵֪ͷʱʱ⣬һз紵ݶʱ
۲ͷ£⳶ͷأЩʲô
һһ糿ȸĸȥĸ밲ָȥ˴ĸǶܼҵ¡
һۣԭΪĸϲң֪ԭĸϲҡ
ô§ס
ĸʱʻŹǵ⡣ֻȥģδĹǡѧ
ﶼڱޣһţȿ˼մĸιܼҡ
˶˵ϱҲţһաܼ±Ǵ󷿽֣ɴ˸ϱһܲǡ
ѰҲϣһҡͷôɡ
ôɣǷ¶˭˿ãҪԼУɲðѶϱ׳
ڴɩǰЩ˼ɢˣöϱ
һȥ
Ҳ֪Ǵ󷿹£ش󷿣⣬䲻죬ڡ
û뵽ĸͷͽʻ
ǼҴҵ󣬵ʮǹܣҲһܡ
ûһѵסҲ佱
Ӷʣ˿ףǲǲǹ
ֱգֵŹϱǵʣ˵ϱڼʱ԰жֹﶼܳԵ㣿
𻰣Ҳ̹ȻǡǰӼҲһֲ
Щӣ䣬ϲ¶ĵ׶ٷˣȻߣв
²ôʳŴĹϵܲǹֶϱѿգ
˭֪ĿɨһȦǶˣһһĽԲҹ֡
׹ĸͷҪ֧
ȻЦţЦôǰգ㲻ң
Ϊ£Ҳͳ˱״ģһе¶£ɲΪ
һֶɣһѧƼ¡
ɥڼңҲС
ֱ½ԥͻмš
һ½ԥд۵ģһԭҹ½дġ
Ͱţ۵𿪿뿴»ͷ죬ӹΡ
Ҳûμ椡еĶ˸Գ޺󣬾Ͷϵ
椵ֻһҳֽֽҲֻ仰һʰòãڶǡ񡱡
ûˣšüͷдúܼīӶ仨ˡ
½ԥ۵ŵкüҳһƳдʲôûд椣
һã۾ţڴ֣дЩ
дд»Σ
ۿŴ𣺡дǱοƾٵ£ѡ٣ۿõѧ˼
¹Ȼڽ꣬ʷԺֳ
ԺȻкֱϳ
½ԥ̾ǡɶڼңԺбְλ
һ·ȷʵһֱΪ뺲Ժ·ЩյЩţϧôõĻᡣ
½ԥۣû뺲ԺǷǶ֮Ρ
ۿţָá
һŻ񣺡½ԤıΡ
ǡǴأ
ɨһֽᡣ


118 һŮ
Ȣ

ۿ, 鱸ҹ²ܻ÷ȥĸ׻Լ
ǲȥ½ԥ˵, , ȥ
΢΢ü, ôʡ
ɿŰϣ, ֲܾ̾Ƿ, һһ
ţҪǲԸ, ȰһȰв»ͽڼеģ˵½, ´椣Ǹĸ
šüɫ԰˼, ǹܲá
һʱ, ΢ͷ̾һ֪
֪֪ǻΪ椵ǡ
ۻûϼɫһʱĳҾһ, ɡҲɲ½
Ը, ܴȥΪ١
򴽣͵ɽſڣű߳
ӳ䣺椲汻գҪȥξͺˣԶ, Сӡ
һ, ͼ¶, 
ٷ˰
¶˵Щʲôһۣʲô£ͬ˵
˵Ժȥϰµģ˵˵
¶ü˳ĿĿŰԶȥЦݵٷүţ
վʯϣЦˣɲõĸһƵģǵң㡣
¶ֻһЦٽӿڣóЩߣҿٷϲӣ
һ¶֣ǰү˵Ժãͣòء
¶ЦٲУүķԸܲҪʲôģʲôӵģ
һһɫϻЦǸүǸٷ
⻰۷Ըģð²緹ʱ˵һð¶
¶ˣһİҲûʱǸٷҲЩɫٷϲʲôɫ
»úТٷˡ
΢΢Цˣǵеġ
Уݱһƿյ¶̵ַġ
ڶ飬γ۾ʣô
½ıţ椲֪ܲȥ
飬Դ椣ǰݼڡ򰢱ߵý˷ױҲú
Ҫ˵飬Ǹ
Ҳɷ򡣡ȡ˸ǩӼУСյ˿ڲ裬޽ȥ֮ǰ͸֪Щġ
һζź¶Ĵ㡣
齱ߣ
οˣɽҲôһҲá˵߰ĸΣ游ͷ
߲ͨլ·ǾǰԺ·
Ϳ½ԸⲻԸ⡣
ݱ׽ӣ飬ɫ֪Ͽ¡ϲ˳ȥӣݽôû
£ݱ¶ݡ
ӵɽﻹ¶ôҪȥա
ݱװһҧ¶Ҫٷˣϻǹ̫̫밲ȥ̫̫Щﻰ⣬үѾǹ࿴˼ҵ˼
ʱˣٷ˴һң
ݱסӵ֣¾иˣٷǰ˵һ
ף߹ﲻ˼ʣݱΪظƱİգҪүȥ࿴˼ңٷ˵ġ
ֱڣ˷Żɽȥ
ӿǣҪҲ߹ٲģݱе¶һ˵ͼס
ʲôߵģ߹̫ˡҲֻʱ˵
صбָݣǸɰϸΪЬӣ˵Ҫ͸۵İʦ񣬵ֻ˼롣
ͨһһںɰӣ˶ӣҲ壬ܱʲô׵Ҫǿ
ͳ񣬰˿¡
һ񣬱죬һһ仹裬Ѿģīͼĺɰīɫ˿еĳ
ЩҲȻÿ߻ˡ
ۻصʱžͼͷߡ
·£ȴͷؼĳ䲻Ƿ£Ҳ롣
ӸҪͼү˸ƣǶ˳ȥ
⵽齱ߣС£üͷǸɰϢ룬С£һᣬ￴һ
һ©ˡ
ҿҲܲĵطˣҲƲ
̿ѣȭͷڿڱߣԼ̲סЦ
һ̧ͷͼ۾Լ棬֪ʱģǰճۡڷġ
ʲôʱģôû˳һûˡ
ˣ۸ۡ
˳־ͰѺɰ۰Ͱʣô椸ȥ
Ҳ
īĺɰ뵽½ԥϹҵģֻҲ»ġ
½ԥ۵ѥɰĴϻϲӯӯ
һȺ»飺½ִϲ
½ԥֿЦ뱧ȭ˵䡰ͬϲͬϲۻδТأ⻰ֻʽȥ
ִ󷽷ʵʱʺַˣлױ񡣡
˼ô˵Ǿǻá
ɨۣ㵹˷ϲ£ôε·Ѿͨˣûʮþȵİգ½ԥҲдŸ
ȻЦ⣬һͬȥѧ٣Ѿͷˡ
˻ϲҲˣôͻȻΣ
ͻȻô룬ѾҲ㣬ֱģҵͷһȦٻ
˵Ǽһ
Ŷͷôģ֪ʡ
½ԥЦˣҪ洫ʲôԣ֪ˣЩլ¡˵ۼ磬ɵУ
ȻһһǼһûΪҹͼޣǰͷһ׮¡
ãʱ裬ƣʹ
һܸȥдʯ̲סһ
Լסôѧ
źɰȻƵһϣЦ˶ɽƷȴĪĸ֡
ͷ˵Ĭͷ⻰ȷе
һ׮еڶ׮
ǲڸ࿴˼ˣ
ǣĸ׸ģҵģϱӵɷһŮܼ޶
֪ԶңƾٲеľˣҪ϶
˹忡˿ڼ򵥣ҪȣǾࡣ
ʲôʲôδмˣôƵģٲҲƵ˰գ
ɲ鰵Ͷ
۷ºɰҪˣһһס
һ٣ôʨӴ󿪿ڣ˺ɰҪף
ҪۣŵػǮ
۾һתһ̯ļױ֣ԤӣǸĸѧ
һЦϱûпⱲӸġ
õճǧӵϼӺһ
ˣס۵һڣֳӣ
Ǹ֪ԶϸԶԶһ档
ôɣҡͷʣⲻ
˵꣬ͼ۾ס㳣ңͺܺ
⣬һޣᲢۡ
ʲôһ
ϸһ룬ϱǼ޵֪ԶҪôۣȷûʲôͬ
ҪܰţҾ͸סһ£ۡ
ɣ֪ԶһУô
˭˵ҪȼҪȿ֪Զ
ۿ椲Կɲ̽̽顣
ͷܣŮһӣģСá
׼ʱȥģ¶ڡ
ݱǧлӳԺţҵøȥɩɩôһˡ
¶ԤЩе
ȵգڶɿڵȴòſ½ԥϣͷװ
ۣ
ۿɫ֪ˣô
½ԥ溮˪ҧĸסˡ£̼


119 ϴ
Ȣ

½ԥҧ, ŴＷĸס
ɩУûûţĸ, ɲ¶ϱ̼
Ǻһ칫ص, ˭Ҳ˵ĸһ䲻ǡ
½̫̫֪ϱֻ, ̲˵һ䣺úõ, ôͲˡ
ʱջ, ž½̫̫¹, ½ֻ̫̫һϱδ, Բ֡
ѾʰˣҹƻδϨʱ½ԥѧٶЩʲô
Ի֪һ·۳Ͷ, ưա
½ԥ⼸ʵ, ;˳»ǵĸµģ
֪µҹ½ԥҲк, , ֻҪǵĸҵŮ˭ܻһġ
ǵĸҵŮʮ, ׸ø˭վһ顣
½ĸû, ҵŮ, û
ͷ˵𻰣ӣΪǸȺˡҵɩӵǣĸ֪½ԥӵжϽŮ½ҡ
Ů䣬ǵٵ꣬½ԥĻ²ϣǧѡѡŮ
׮²ͷû뵽ҷ˾ӲⲻͷĻƽˡ
ҹģñ־ɼҵײᡣ
ɹױգ½ĸݶˣ˵Ӵٴ죬ϲ磬մ״ʵĶҪ
˼Σ˲֪ôҿҼҵײô
û뵽һ̧̧ʵʵĺöһɹױ沱㻥࿴̲סҪЦˡ
һ½ĸԸЦ䣺ɩӿ۶ӣôõĶϱ
½ĸҧѻ°꣬ȵڶ¸ףСһһˡ
˵ϵĺԵ
ŮǱЦմ㣬ۡ
ǰͷүǵ£½ĸܲˣ·һͨۿϱʰˡ
ЦʳסУ̫̫ǰ
Щ껹˳һףԭ۸С˵ôͷ˭֪½ҵĵϸ
½ԥҲɣ׶ͷˣô죿߲ܲҪ˰գ
˭֪ĸᵱҹӲ£治Ҫ߲ˡ
½ĸĪҪ˿ʱҺЩˣ˰ϱȥԲô˵ģ˭֪ⲻܡ
ֻд椻棬Ȱοɷ򣺡ȥźˣҰҡɻء
ԽҪڣܿ½Բ
½ԥĿкᣬǿţ໰Ҫ˵˵
ͷҰ㡣
ɷĿйʽЦŵͷãҵ
½ԥ˶ţͷ»վǰŭ⣬£Ҫܿġ
ƫƫǰûһ취ߡ
Ҳûշ
ۼ½ԥģĸǲжӾܳˣŮǵһ꣬ܵö䱻ų
½ԥ뵽ˣһʱʱТеĹĸ
ĸ֮ǰĸͲ֮ͣ󻹻½ϡ
ǹŮ٣ǳƷ׻ڣҲܼٺ»ĸͣ½ԥлпɳãĸϡ
Щ½ԥҡͷԶˮȲ˽𡣡
һֱڳеţԸУƿһǣ˰Ҳû椵Ӱ֪á
ñ³ߵ࣬Ҫſڣ۾Ϳһۣ½ĸ׼¶ϱ̼
粻ƫƫʱ򲡣ô죡
һжüͷ΢
һ˵꣬Ծʧԣ˵
ʧԡ˵꣬½ԥϴȥֱǴһԲ
ȴߣһѵñڳϡ
۶ţȿһۣü壬ɫ
Լ֪Լģɻ̾˿̲ס½ּ£˲岻֡
֪ôۿڻܿࡣ
泵ѾҲʹ椵ģҲ޲Ǹ̫죡
ɹүڳţӶһپ䣬һҲ£ֻǸһҧü
˼ңջصɽҪȥҡ
㶼ˣϽ椼ұȥ
ɡ۳˼£ĪҪ֡
Բۣͽ˻ȥҲԹۣôҲøߴһż˿취ա
˵䣬Щ˵ϵȻζôʱ˿ָֻ̣ҿϳͷ
ǱضҪ椳ͷģ
۴üδ¶õ飬̶֪Ӳˡ
˸Ͻ˳ȥֱ̻ӴɫӻվأڵȹķԸֻҪһ죬ȥұš
޷ֳһ䣬ָϽſ
۾ȥ˵űߣԶҪͷͷһȥ
̵ģǹӣҲû
һۣҲûô˰£ڳأȭͷǳصġ
ߣ¡
ŲϹȥҲ£ǱҪ֪ͨҵġ
ǰӣ߽ޡ
̾˿ϱ˿һִҲδйⱲӲŶã˼ء
ѾˡϻԭǸɫ䵭ضһ١
ô֪
û½֣˱Ѿϵ½ȥˡֻЩ½ԥô˵
ȻһİƣˣҪߣ׶Ҫġ˵ǵˣһżû
½¸½꣬Ҳģլ
½ֲ澣Ҳ˸͡
⸾ˣö˼
֪˵ţ˼ģȥαߣִ򿪲ʳӣˡ
ԲԣְѺӵݹȥ
ۿһۣá
ԣеס
ѵĺӰڵϥϣһһ֣ġ
һϵĸмȥæˣա
ۿԵģɫ黹䣬˶ûĹ
뿴ٶ۵ʱԼϴ
󷽷ʳӣºӲ֣ôŻطȥˡ
һűߣʣȥȥұţ
ãѾ֪ˡͷø߸ߵģ֪ۻȥ
лú˵ɫ壬ֲ
Ͷ˻˾ɽá
鷿һ첱ӣͼӵɫȷŻ
ȥͲ衣
ȥ
ۣͼվߣҲȥ˾ɽá
ڴߣһ۹һЦתͷװģóȡ롣
춯ͷҲ̧
ֱЬȵǰŷ̧ͷ۵ǲҪϴ
ǡԭɫֻǲĲ
Ҳõʧԣ»ػġҪǲ˵Ȱɫһ֪ôɫ䵽ϡ
Ƭ̣á
˵ͷ°ա
˵ֵͷ
ȷһˣҲһˡ


120 ţ׽
Ȣ

Т, ɽҲû͡
õĶѧҲЩѧͬš
ÿʱ͵ñܳȥ
ɽԺ, һ֮, ھžܻƼ
ҲԸ⵽ɷԺȥ
һԺӵѾͷܼ, ǰ, ֵڡ
ɷԺѾͷ, һ֪ôԼ, ɴЪһ˸¹
үǱ߲̺Ǿٷʹ
¶, ͷβꡣ
ǧҶﻰҪ̰¶䡣
˵жգǲӵĻϲ±ˣԳԼҪ˵ûд, ʵڷ˵ĵúܡ
ۣԭҲǰ
ѾͷȻ, ҲͲϡ
Ʃ¶˴˼£ҪɹܽϸŪôͣϣȳҲ
ֱȳ, һϡ
˵, ⲻϻ˼ɻˡ
˵һ¶úãҲ
ǵĲ¾̺㣬°ú, Ǿǡ
Тڼ, Ѿͷ¿, ԭѹȥģֵ
ȥɷԺһΰѹ˵ס
ɷԺʯϣٷ˵ˣֻ°Σ컨׹ϻƲãҲûá
ʡЩ࣬лģˡ
ƽټٷ˵棬ͰĹˣ
ɽпɴ鷿ȥ
֪ģȫ飺ֳ࿴ˣ֪ԶһƵľˡ
ЩֻһλĸáԵ֪ٸ㡣밲ȿͷųɡ
˵⻰ʱ麦ߣ⽫ѾͷǶָɵͷȥ
鳤£ţһҳѩɫɴһ飬ϣˣû
еӦá
գգۣ㲻֪֪ôͰ͵ݱӣô֣иݱ׻Ҫ͸һֻء
ǮģҲ֪գ˻ȥݱױʯȹ²ɡ
°ֻûһƲҪҽ¶úܣˡ
ȥݣȹô
Űգû¶һУȻ񡣡Цŵͷ˵£Ҫܵ׵ġ
ҹ£ֻҪзӣҲҪȥܡ
ݶﶼˣ˵
ȹӣŽİٱֻТóɴѡ
֪Ѿͷݱóصʯȹ͸ӡ
ݱٴȡһ飺֪㾡ģûнĵԼ飬ҲȹѴա
Լ£ȫȻ᲻𾢶
Ѿͷ߶ʶʣɲ
̹еģܿùȥĸҲ˿ҵļױ
Σ󲻹˰ˡ
þٰ˼Ը޽½ң»黹һ£ɷΣĸĺԵˣʲôá
˵ˣ½ԥӦ˻ȥΡɰͰ˵ţԽ˵Խ
Ųɣдһв࣬ϲ˵½ԥдŸġ
֪ܿ࣬һߡ
Ļд飬ͷһд꣬˺ˡ
½ȻߣȻ࣬òдЩĻôܺЩ
鿴ģڿһЦԸţң
ɫģ˵ˣ㻹ֳܸȥҾںլУֲܼУô࿴
黹û죬ɥòõܵÿһۣ
ݱһֱ⣬Լҹ˵⻰ż
˺Ͷ̥ôŲʵģмʮ꣬
ˣ̲סӽٷ⣬ɱپˡ
ﵽײ̫̫ģԭ̫̫ǰٷ˿㣬콵ǡ
ƹҳ˳Ҳҵþ̡
ǰɢˣŻطȥʹǸס
˵򿪺иǶ࣬ʾǱʲôʱɢģ˶ѽô춼ˣ
⻰ܸĥֻܸС˵һ˵
˻ͿУ˺ЩˣǹӵѧѧǴͬꡣ
һûһģЩʱԼҪڡ
İһ֣
һ£ٷʲôԸ
ûһģ֪ԶܲܺͿİøȥգǸӣ˱ҪȿƷѧʵġ
˵׼ЩУ֪Զ
Ŀˡ룬ҡҡͷûС
ʹɫӡ
ԴϻڰѾӴ̳𣬾׽ӡӻ⣬ű֣
Źˣߣ㣬Ҹ顣
ԣǲǳϲ裿
ͷܸɵĻƾȣϲ衣Եµö飬ʶ֮ܰ졣
д֣˵ǵͷȥǾظǵĻ
һһβȱҪؿȱѡΪʶ֣ѾͷѰСҪˡ
ǣҪͷи֪ԶĿˣҡ
ӣգգ۾˵ˣү鷿£ܸ߱ˡ
ٷҪ֪
ӵͷҪ¡
ͷɲ״ӦҲΪ㣬Ҳ鷿˵ʲôˣҿһۡ
һĻȥ̿ʣٷԵˣ
СԽԽԲˣǳԵúá
ӽġʵ˵̸̣꣬磬ٷǱô
˵Ӹģһһһʣʲô˲ˣ
ٷү¶˵ô
һˣʲô˵ģٷ˴ү˻ɵӣô֪
һ˿
Ⱥ漸пʱվھؿߣˣϲ衣
ǵ˼춼ûĿˣֱǰ͡
ʿࣺǸЩģʲô
ʣĸ
µǸ
ӣһصģôˣ
ʱ䣬Ǹ¹˰죬ָ˲
ѰͷŶƤԾ˵ظ磬ҡҶӺۡ˵һˡ
ݶ԰ҽһԲ衣
˹껹ܼǧƫǧûʮĸףĸײŴϼ
ķ巿ߵģвŵ
һۣһҲûǸܵܡˣǲף巿ǲкˡ
Ůڼɽʯͤ̧۾Ϳڵɽ֣ɫ֪ˣ
Ŀһͷ첽ȥ
Ҫϸƣʲôģ


121 ı
Ȣ

ƹŽŶ, ˣһСŸϻȥ
ɽǰӲվ˻, װɽȡȥŮǲܼ, һѾͷûأʾĸģ
Ǹ
ȷ֪Զ
ţصͷ, ԱߵĹǽ֪Զ֡ûϹš
Զ·ؾɽ, ƫƫµĹӱ, Ʋò
ʾʲôģ
ͷ, ˵˵ϱȻ۾, ӣһ졣
ֵ¾ԴϣϻҪֻ۾죬ǲɻˣ
СëӲ֪ɴһȣǸ, 绹̸磿
, ҪӳϾֱֶܿ׾Ҳ˹ģ, Ǻÿġ
ˣŸһЩ
ǾǸ
ǡǸǹӱأ
ԴһҡǱǹӡӶÿ, ͷҲЩһǴ£Ƕһվиʶ
Ȼʧɫ
Ӵ, Ȳү, ҲǸӢӡ
˾ɽ, ӣƼӱʣʲôҪҸ͹ȥ
ٷ˵ȣӵġѰͷ˳Żˮͷߡ
űӣʱȥ۾סˮƽ̨
ȿ磬ٿµĹתСһ
ģȷǲˣҪǲÿɲһǰ
ӻȥͼŮ˵˵ЦЦ
꣬ǶҪǧܣҿɻǧˣվ棬ƵٿҲ¡
ЦɱȲɩɩ
⻰ɱ׽ס˴ָô͹ɩɩˣǴҵɩ
ֻʱʱչǣֻЦ˵
ĵĶǧ¶ТҾͶҪˡ
ǰȼޡ
Ȼ󡭡飬Ļ£û
ĸҲõĻ£ֻÿչСÿյ밲ĳһ롣
֪ĸԹǰӸϻϼңȴû¶ˡ
в²ֻԼһʲô£ĸûû֣Ŵ󲮽ķ巿򷢻ϼТ
һ߷Ȼ
ԭﵹǳ巿ƹĸƫֺĸǰ䣬ҲùһõĻ¡
ķ巿һߣû·ӣõĻ£֪ô
ɩСȥʱ飺¶³ˣ⻰ֻŮŶ
֪ýģһЦİգֳĸ׶Ҵġ˵ſİͰá
ĵа
Ҳһ˹ػһ䣬һ취ҲûС
ɩȻи
˭֪ϱǸɩס˰£ôŻʳΪɩɩ⡣
Ƕմ⣬رǰá
մɩĹ⣬ܳһʳ͵͵˵Ҳֻ߽㣬Ǹͷ¶ҲܻģҲ
԰ĺøһ˶ľĸԺУҪ˵۰ĸ۰ӡ
޳ѣԲĸ׹ܼʱʳҪҪȡǻݲҪҲŷӵ
ЩӣǵˣҲŵһݣζ
Ķ׵˼ܣй٣ҵײҲǶ˼ңǸš
үԼǰôһ׮£ѾŮˡ
ҵļױϲ㣬࣬ù޽Ŵ󻧣ױƲ𡣡˵ţĿǱơ
˭ɩĺø
Ǳ߰Ҳޡ顱ʰã£˸ʲô˼ңûкú
ǸѡģӼ˵׵˼ռң˵ռ˿ڼ򵥣ֻСѰѾá
ŮѾ
ڼʱԴöŮ˶٣ʶ۽ҲѰССĹҪһأ޵˼ңȴһ
Լף֪ʱӯжôѣҲ֪޳ȥӹúòá
£ͱҪЩ룬ǼСĶӣɩͷŻֲҪ
ʱǧţԵĲۣȻһ̥ʲôܼȨʲôǰ棡ǹżңҲǹҰԿףã
ЩģⱲӶûӡѹģ˵ڡҲ֪ǰ·ԣŮԼ·
뵽ĸ׵ĻϾͷ졣
õĻ£оˡ
󷿶ŮͶˣʱ״ܱͬȡ
Ҫô֪ԶйҲûı٣ǻϹ֮ٿ
ǰ;δҪʵöࡣ
ţ֪ԶѾǾˡ
ӾʱģʯͤӱߣСѾͷ໨ͰĻ
ĿһƤһأ֪ò
پǣ취ĸ
ǶҪ¶ƴһͷຣ
Լ߿࣬˵Ŀˮ̣ٸ߰
˵͵ˣ˵׼ĸΣ½¶֪Ůġ
ʲôã
Ҳû취½ʱáŮŮȥΡ
ĸôúõľͲˣǲΪŶɵĻ²ģ浣ǵӣ˵ж︣ĪҪΪźӣԼͿˡ
Ҳ֪һʱŮѲÿຣǱ̬½֪ŮиʲôҾݡ
䣬һ취Ҳû
Ҫڶϱǧֻ
ȿ½ˣЪһЪĸ˵
һУҺʺϲ֣ҲͲס˽ﻳ
˸߸߾֣£Ůϡ֪ŮȥΣ˵øֱͷ֪µͷûܳС
ʲôҧŲޣͷô˫۾ɲ¶ӡ
꣬ŵ½˵ˣҡ
ŮѾĻٻϽͣԸǸĵġ
Ůû˵ʲôӢȴޣǴ椵ôôࡣ
˺ת̲סᡣ
ҪТȥ½ҿˡ
֪òй
һɢ±ҶǶȥ
˯ѣ˸ˣǽȥ԰ˣֵɡ
ұģ±ģ⻨ժġ
˾ϲ˵黰ô£軨׷ˣ϶¶
һû֪Զĸףôûһã
˵Ļŭţ˰һǣƨ򣬸˭ѧģ
۵飬ȫǾĺ«ûһôġ
˵˵զ
Ҹͷһգ
ҲǸ࿴ɩɩģˡ
΢΢ףãѰͷһ˵˵
ȲȥȥơŮƵģ˭˲Ķء
ȻǼҵĹҲ׽Ƶġ
ĸڱΪ£ܿʹ
ۿҪӣԤҪȥ
ۻ֪£ʣô𣬲ȥ
һۣ㡣
֪ԶҲһûᡣ


122 ĸ
Ȣ

۵һ, ۷ۡ
ֻƳһۣƳڼңк£ͷһת, ǰЩĿ, ֪Զ
鷿ˣ
Ҳ, ǲ
ָָѾͷǼ, ȥ
һ, Ͷһ˫۾, ܿעϸ΢
ܵݶϸ, 죬֪⣬һɡ
ڼТѾͷҲ, 쵽, ͷֵʱ˵ܸųţԤ𴩴
ӽȥȹӡ
󣺡ɫȹӣһԺɺ䣬ǶԽҴɲɣ
ǶԶ, , ġ
ӱúܣԼɴѵòųţðֻӽ, ȹ
˳ɽ, ȥӡ
ݺݶ氢, δТڼҾµΨʱܹһЩ
Щ൭ȹ
Ѿͷȹ䣬ææ
ڴµ޺ϣСš
ڿдţÿһ䶼дűƽ
ִлǵ˹ٶʶ֣дĻĿİͰͣ˵дĲɷˡ
˱ƽдоģվǹụ̂дһдվгʲô
ҲÿһվʳԣʱֻܳЩͷӡ
ɾô䣬Ҳýζ
յĵһ𣬾Ҫͼϸʵ֬ͼϱעн·ߡ
ҪվͼûϸģЩСҲ࣬ǹ·ȿڲˮԶٷȷģͼҲע
Ծǵܹжʮ˴վ
ִпΣоʱˣЪһҹ
һЪ˶ʮ֬ȫϣһһϱţȡһ֧üϸüʣѰдģȥ
ʮ졭һġ
ϻشӦģȥɶһ
ʱưдģۿģʲôͬ
ָͷӣʱһһţԽԽԶղһšɶͬһͬģҪţֻµʮհˡ
ͼֹҵǽϣŵϻС
һ۳䣬аϡ
Ծ̧ͷ˰һۡ
ͼݱʣ˸̧ͷͼüۡ
£Կ޲״
ɰΪ½ҵ£ȻƲãý£ɢɢ
ô룬ȴҪҪȥ𣿡
̧ͷ۶Բɣʱ֣زأЩӲæúôĸȥҲͻˣæİա
ȥʲôϷ
ֹ׷ʣ治ȥ⼸մзᣬһ·ҩҸȥҲЩ
һҪ͵ɫòãأС£Գ
һ˵ûիѣڼңѧͬǹҲ֪ÿ̸ʲô̸ܴڡ
ԸɷԺֻóš
㣬Ѿͷǽȥ㣬ѾҲٷߵѾ
˽ﱧԹԭҲþ˹ˣгŲӻະģ·ȸᣬúܡ
ڶһˣû
Ϊ£˵
۾߳βŷһҳ
֪Ϊߺߣߺߣߺȥ
ϻְ⼸ۡóԼˣøҽǿ
ŮǾһ˵˵ߣٲȻ˵ЩȢ¡
ǵͣѧ߹ܼңΪ˹Ҫޡ
ϱɼŮֲһõϱôϲɩûϱԵġúá
ŮУΪ󵨣һŰĸ첲ɩƽһ飬˵Щʲôѽ
ܽ̽ɰѵεģɩй֮
ƽദֻ֪ɩΪ˳ϣһ˵һû黰ֻЩܽ˳⣿
µģǽűĥˣɷû˵
룺飬д֣ҿۡ
ۡסĸ첲һɣⶫҪѧôʶ־ܿˣ
ȻҪѧſ義ǵ۴ƽȣΪˡоƥ£Ĺȥ˰˰ƥ
˵ս½
·顣
ڿЦõˣҲɩѧɩѧġ
Ǽ޵ֲˡ
ֻۡȤÿձ㽫µۡһ𿴡黹̾ͷĵЩûͬ˵Щ
Ȼҿݹʦġ
ǳǳһЦá
˵аʦҲд͸ӡ
Ҫɰ㶼ˣҵأ
ۿһ
쿴ϵ벹һƥڸûѧľû뵽ľȽʯ׭ôࡣ
ƥ⡣
¶ŰÿֻСʱĹܵľƥſиӡ
ˣˡ
Σ÷겻͸Уʣ϶գ
ʯͷ棬ʲôģҲܴӣǴꡣ
ǡһۣ˵
֧鷿аһʯΣͲˣ
գҪţ۽͵űߣµիζ嵭һζ賤úãԼڡ
ͷӦȥĳͬ˵ÿ˷һʮҪȥ£ҪȻͷʶ
ЦˣҸ˼𣬻кЩõŮʦ̫
ʮʮģΪûĵطȥҲ¶ˡ
Щģ᲻Ƴ
˿˰һۣЦᡣ
ԹŹ˵ͷˣҲǴȶġҪû۸ʶãҲ޸ۡ
˾͸ЦˣһղҲڱĵط
Щӣ˸ôҲˣ֪ԶҲ⡣
СʲƣҷҲ֪Զ˷ҲǸعصġ
˵֪Զиɸɾĸڶӿȡ֮ǰɫ
ʲƣּڼ󣬴Ӳҡ
ɷΪɷÿԷɴ֯֯ƥʩ£ɮɮЬ
ᶼƢãǰŮᣬ
ˣǸܺƵˡôƢйһԲԲģͺġ
ӦЦеİա
ˣЦˡ
˶ׯ£ȴĸŻϡ
ߵѾؾߵͲ࣬ݲ࣬ģҲ㲻Ϻÿֻƽͷ
һȽϣḮѾͷǲá̡ģҲɫɲˡ
Ҳľü֣õͬһ취
֪ͨɮͬһ侲ԲЪţȥĲʳһҲܡ
Ӳ޹»


123 
Ȣ

ôݻͷȥ, Ǳ߶½ӡ
ҲһӦǾ̫ʧЩֻߴܵи, ܽӵȥ
˵мվǶ, ȥĽü֣֪껹첻죿ȥ
ˡ
˵˰, Ȳڶ仰
һ, ڲ軺, ֵⱨºɽȪˮ, ɴͰȥݲ裬ƽسʲô裿
ѧ, ѦϿΣһʲôʲôġ
˭֪Тһӽѧʸûϡ
ʱֱӣŸ˴, ɴϲʲô, ƽǰǰᡣ
һˣܲðգ
˭֪˵輴ɡ
Ҳ֪ǲͬ˽أԴǷζ
ֻǾغϣѾٴӹȥˣ˼ѹͬ㽻, ȥ˵ƨɡ
ȵСɳի, ߰ڿ
ʱԸҵģ˵ԵիУһζ賤˿ɿ, ҸЩ
һ֪߰, µիô, õ˵
ЦӯӯˣҲʱڣ賤ˣĲҪôʹҪôɰͣóԡ
Ҳˣϱիˣϱ衣
뿪ߵʱ˻ͬ˸
˱µţ˵ͷ۸Ҳǵģôƫô˼ңô˼ңǴŵңһָͷˣ
ΪȻͷ
ɲʱͰѺ̽ϱĵȫԺˣɲֻ֪˶鲻ôʼΡ
һס˵ĸ첲ϱһ˵ͷ˵Լڼ֯ұЩԸ
˼ңԼ֯ǵΣҲܼ޹ȥ
ȷȣ֯ЩǲԼԼӹˣŶ֯޹ȥĶϱţ
ǲϲôҲû̵ϡ
˴ҡͷûʮ˾Ѽ޵ͣŸռ˰꣬Т㻹ʮ£һ
Ҳſã֪ױô÷֪õģ
ϱһ·һ·˵ڶ˵ˣɷĲǡ
۸ʲôȣҪţҿǸľ񡣡ƲƲ죬Ҳ˰ûӵԵɡ
ϣԼĶһܡ
һ⻰ͷȥ뵽ԭ˵ģɾǸľĶ
ǴͷҪ˵ʲôͼӵסס۾
һۣعˡ
֮ǰԵûôֻ̹һƽô׽Ҳǧ˵ӵĻ
֪֪ûסҪ˵֪ˣסˣ̲Űġ
ҪвԣҵȻҪ˵
ɵϱٺȣҲԽӣ̵㰢ĶģͺñүһôҲȲһָͷ
ҪǸǰ˵һ䲻ǣ㿴ôʰ
ʱ̫죬˵Ĳ˵ģȫ˵ˡ
ӸˣۼԼҵɵŵ͸ҴʴʣӲιȥ
Ҳ˵ˣ̾ɣ¶ܹ⽻죬ҵùܹܡ
ӰѾŻ൱˼ѡһѡ
ͷСҺûĸڣҪˣף˵Ͷˡ
صңɽ˻δɢ
˳һˣһӻԤط˯
ɴȥԺУİգûС
ǶһɻˣЦ缱ǵĽš
Ⱥӣ³ô仰֪ǰͰ͵ȥΪʲôˡ
ݱ֪ٷϽýٷ˲󱨶µķʳó԰գٷһûúã
ȷʵˣ˭ͬݣܳԵ·ѽ
һܼ޵ɣѾϸˣТգʳǲ滯ֽƬȥˡ
ݽӹգǹԵͷҪŵͳȳɴİͽżʳء
Ļݶ֣ʲô¡
ݷſ÷Ҳʯľܣʵһֱ˵
իһٷûվ̺ĸأŸĸһͬ÷˵üҶ˶
һϸ΢˽ûƼ
УӦʮϿģѰҲԼֻд󱨶£ʳС
ܿ⽱Ҩ⽴ȳһֻŶºڣİգﶼûУûˡ
鿴Ǽߺǣû뵽ܵⷬ⡣
˵ҪǼҲ⣬ҲûʲôӦġ
ʱﶼûأͷİա
ֱڣɽе˲ɢˣصɽá
Сţƻʾô˻ûɢ
ɢˡһٷ˾͸ϽչĶ˵λĹӣˡ
һֱһߵġ
һϽþȥߣЩл˵
һСţƹˮȡ
ڵľͲһֻ㣬ֻھˡ
ڽ£ӣٷȥл˵
ۿľٿ̵Եȡ
ûʱⲽݻʱĶˡӿŹֱҡͷţ˭Ըѽ
˵£ţðνӳȥ
ۿһľ£УȻɽȥ
ţżӶڣǸ˻ȥֱѾ˳ȥŵж㡣
òУ˸ʲô˼ѽ
һô
ǸˡҲ̫һʱ벻˵ҲǶ
ŮǵӣҲļ²õġ
ͷҲŶǶŮҶ
Եģûˡ
˵ңüλʷҷǼġ
ϱ֮Ҳʫ
֪ԶûͨҲû侮ʯûޣ
ΪҵʱϾ˼ɣȵȫҰֻ֮Ҳ轫Ůͻȥ
ֻбȥã徻ȴһ·
ֻƾһͲܶޡ


124 
Ȣ

ʹ, Ӳá
Ѱţʲô̫ͶĲ£˲ָ
Խš , 貢ûȥ, ˻ɫ, ԸСѾͷϲ裺ôҲɣ
ϱǸʲôȥ, Բ֪, ᲻֪
˰˰֣, ۸ôô˼ҡ
øϣ˵
ûƼ, ⻰ͷȥڵϣҪٶ˵ѽܰѱµשҳ
˻Ҫ, 
óԿ, ˳˳
ĻˣҲǵٵ˼ҡһ㽻ʶ
ҺͲʳģ˵޹»ƽճʲô裬˵衣־ͰҴˡ
Ů໥ʶ, ڸ, ʱ仰ô
ôƫ˲ͨʡ
Ҳ˵û¶Ҳֲù۸࿴ǼҹΣò, ϲϽ, Ʒǿǿ, Ļ֪Ƣأ
ֲ½ҡ
Ӽ뾩еķǶٽʣ˵һűֵУȥ֪˵Ϊˡ
ֲ֪ͷϣֶӹ˭
ˣɽҲûɢһ밲ұҪ˵
˵ɽҲл˵ǵðŲլԭֻ˻پҪȥӼ࣬ôࡣ
˭֪ҪТɽסھɽʵڲˡ
Ҳķ巿˶ˣ̫̫ںլװơҪȻ⼸չװ
Ҫ˵ģҵһˡ
˵ڶСȥԺд
˵ˣˣ˹밲
һƲʱʱ¡¡ɾǸɴףꡣ
鷿УҲСѾͷӣŮ֪ڸŮ࿴˼ҡ
С˿ͷۣҪҪ߹ȥ˴
ǱԺģЩﻹòȥ밲ʡúܡﵽ̫̫ȥǲǴ̵ϵġ
һҪɶٻƣ̹
ԽԽŲԣ̫̫ǰһҲûС
޹ͣ޿ͣ˵˶ޡ
ȥ·ӣû룬巿ͻȻֻլТȥˣ·ˡ
ÿ˸ٷˣﻹٷ˸ǰʹʹ
ݱ¿ȰͰЩգҪǴ̫̫Ķٷ죿
ʱﻰû˵꣬СЦͶأҪȻЩ˸ʲôããҵøϽȥ
˵Щʱݣ·
Сˣ߶䣬үˣ˭
ҪΪ㣬Һο˵ݱͳԺš
˦ӻҪһըףٿذˣСѾͷߴ٣ȥգȹմˮҪɫ
Ž˺ߡ
СصԺͼүٷѾˣ밲
һƣ֪˿ڽǣ˻ɫ
ӽû˵һ仰
ҹҪ˵ܣҲֻӵĻûط
ʣǽףصıǼҷ磬ϣ֪ԶƷԡѧʶΪϡ
ѵõûͨ
𸴣֪ԶҲҲΪ٣ʱ񣬴Ӳʧȴ
ǰʲôʲôʼһ
ҴӲȨƵĸߵͣǰƺ󹧡
żЩ£Ҳ֪ҹò
ٺ
֪Զ뽫ӣ͵Ҽѧɡ
һ׮£ʲôã
ҪǵȥÿҲػңɴûڡ
˵꣬üĽ˵ĹҲ̫ˣ㶼ûƼʮĸأ
۴شĸΪˣ䣬ӿⰢĸɩǣɩѵòã
𲻳ˡ
Ҫ˵ȻûйɩڴĸǰԶ簢ǰɿ졣
֪Լ˵ͨ˿Ҳͬ˵ˣ˵˵˵ĸһ¶
ֻҪﲻӦ۾û
β۵ͷóӵ޺ϣתϴȥӣϱӡ
䲻´վƬ̡
֪Ϊ㲻˰Ҫ 
Ҳֹ½ǿö࣬ǸԼҼλֵĻȽϣҲʲôˣ׮ʮȫĻ¡
һҹû˯̤ʵڶһ磬ƼͷҪס
ͷ죬޲׹һ£ܰÿϡ
һ϶û˵һ仰
ۺһ˵ాúãӣ㳢κͼԲ㶼
ҪǳˣӶǰУ۷Ըˣÿͱصһˡ
ѳеã̯ɼӣࡣ
ӦſӣЮһ鳤̯ļ͵ȥ
ӼƳˣҴ¹ﷸƢˡ
ֻۣװʲô
վһ밲ɰ갲ȥˡ
ÿ밲ʣĸ˯ÿɺãϳʲô
һ֣ö氢
֪Լ϶˵¶ûô׸⣺ȥ˴󱨶£ƫɾˡ
ȥģ˵ϹҲֻš
۽ӹͷ˵ˡ
ûȵһ䣬ȷʵǺùغüҽֻ̣δ̫˷ˡҲ˵黰⿴ˣŻ²ɡ
۷ü˾͵֪ҶƷãѧʶãҲá
һ˵һ̧ͷӣ۲⣬ŵʵ򣺡ǼȻףҪģˣҲ֪׼̫ǿЩ
޲§˽
䣬ȥˡ
ԭҲҲ
ſһأóȻ¶ۣٶΣĸ׿أ
Ҳ֪һ˵˶ӣ˵ģֻ¸ûеڶν
ͷãҪ»ػˣˡ
˵˳Űʹɫ˼ðʵù۸ԼôԼġ
յ˵ɫֱ֣붮
Լڣ
ԽԽ˸ǣȥ겻ʲôʱҪ£ݰա
ճţ㰵ɡɳʱûõ
һԺȡյ
Ÿߣɽ¹ࡣ
ԺԺ·ƫƫûзȿߣһס󣬽ɽʯС
ڼɽ꣬ʯֻطͷŨһƬ
ŷҲ֪ʲôط
ͷһ磬յöѩ۱ţ֪Ϊ
֪ôôִ
Ҫģһʮȫʮˡôʮȫʮ޸ĸãֵСãǸѰĳӣ
ס
ҷϣ첻¡
һ磬ڰϣۣҪǣǵŮأˣϽ޵Ƕ˵Ķϱô
أֵƿԡ


125 
Ȣ

ⳡ, ÿ죬ȥҲ졣
ŻŨգֲָ, ûһշס, 
ӳɡݶŵ, ԰ĴѰҰۡ
ڼɽʯ, һ, ۱ãʯų, Ҫˮǵõʯͤȥ
, ðͷϣƵһĵס
˸͸ʪۿȹ, ˽, סߣȻɷԺȥ
ɷԺУѾͷǰ
үٷ˶ɽʹҲûطʹ
һ, ŵп
¶ͷ, ȥʲôҲûСЩĸ꣬һˣֲ
Ƴ˰¶һ, ԰¶밲ʹӵ¹ڻ, ˼, Цſʲôã
˵ŰƤµϡ
¶ʮˣТʮˡ
үٷ˺õͣȴɽŶТٷ˻ϺӣҲֻԼߵѾͷͨ
ֵŰ¶ѽ
ԭӳޣһ֪һѾͷĸ·Щ
ӳ磬ǽԺ˵ˣ̥ѾˣҪҳԺ켦ء
һ磬¶˼룬ֻ¾Ϊǰϲġ
¶죬ɿ콫ǼҪ룬үԺſڴأˣ
ʱӵվͼүǣٷ˵ֽϽģˮ
ҲĵϵĹӣʱСѾͷˮôʹӰԡͰֽٷϴĶó
¶񣺡ٷ˸ϽʪˡַԸСѾͷǽ衣
ѾͷɷԺɵð¶̺
¶ȥ⿪ϵۣſүѡʪ¹ҵϣүǱ̺ãȥֵü
㣬ȥ̺ٷˡ
Ц氢ȹЬ
¶ϣҪ£ЬӹˮûУɱ
ͼ͸ʪϽȥӷ¡
¶ŻüЩ죬ôүٷ˾ء
۾һƳˣЩ⡣Щҹҹ˯޺ȥ
ʣˮûУǽôôã
ڿڱЦһźЦΪ˴̰¶үǣŶѽǽ¹
СѾͷͰˮ¶ˮ£밢ȥˮźˣٷ롣
ԡͰһԴͰϣˣ⣬ۻûء
ۻѣɢͷ¶Ѭ棺үҲô˷ͷۡ
үͬٷˣǳˣ
үӲ񣬿ٷԽ𣬶үһеĻûУʹء
Խˣ¶ԽĽҨ͵ֱߣү뽪ůůӰգҲˡ
ٷ˺ûУ۶˹ǰʰ
ʱٷ˲Ϻȣ˵Ѿˮˣɤӡ
ôɡʱüѣɢͷյȥ
磬ȰǺһ룬ҪȻǣ
ҪѺȵúܡ
ҩƵĺȣʲôúѺȵġﻹŵЦ
ͷԽԽЦ۽ǵɨ¶ѹѽ׷ѹˡ
¶ӣһã͵һ
ݶ˹ݶ̺ŰԡϴͷŻѣͷ
ɴɷԺЪһЪ
¶ʱֲסûֺðȥڣٷ˼ӣүϲġ
¶߶߶ſ֯Ĵϣꡣ
Ҳ˵ǷЩҲô˼ңǺ˼أ
ûȰ¶˵ֵ꣬ȥգٷл˵
¶ʱ˵ȥ
ͷЪô꣬һǾޱֻʯ񻨰մ¶ɺƵڹڴ֦䡣
ϴ裬㣬ɢ˳ϡ
˵Ť
ߣĦıǰĻû취
ԵңҵŮıģҿϲϽ޵ȥ
סĻش۵һ᲻ãңҲֻŮѡ˼ҡ
һ˵һİϲŻȻΪ٣ܲһ·̹;ȻбᡣһʱҲĴ
СĽֵıҡ缸꣬˭֪ܴӳɱǣϴλأ
ʱŮڷұ٣ǱʱŮڷδ
ﲻŮۻḧŰô˵ģȥ꣬бϻҵĳŮж٣
һֱҸϳ޴ȥ
ȥж٣
ŮٱҲûۣŮһķңֻһʼһ˼ҡ
գգۣҲܵҲᰡ
Ҳᡣ
Ȼ
ۿüִ˵ʲôͼٿ𣬼ǼűǼ⡣
ˣǾͽŮؼһһӡ
Ļ
ڣȻˣҪǼ岻أ
ԽƽͣԽǳüչ
Σסˡ
ⴵ仨
ǡҾͽۺδҪúû


126 Ҷ
Ȣ

ס
ԡǹ򼫶, رͷõģͷζ, ϴ˳
ҪҪ, Ѭɣʪʱ, ͵һһ˳, ͸˲˳
ʵû˼Щ, ݶǲ˳ȥ
һͷɢڼ, Ƿ˿Сޡ
ޱ, һ·ԳҲŮ޼ҿĲ״޼Ůӣ֮, ⡣
ܹ, Ե˼ңʱҲˣ
ۻŮȻҪ
˵֮, ôССĹ, ѩƵأǸСģҲҲôһͷŵĳһ˫۾
񣬾᲻øء
۲Ů, Ҫνѵ, , ᲻á
ɡ㣬ǲͬġָסǰ˳ָᳶֱˣһɿ־˻ȥ
ſϣͷ
䵥ЩʵǵȶಡֵĹǧ𣬿ҲͬһÿҪԼ
˶գҪǲϵû̵˪̿̿ͻԵøЩ
ҪЪ˯ʱû
ûûܹͷûɹ
һͲͬ
ɿ֣ҼȴӦĸףͻٿһ
룬ۼô˵ǿ˼ҵĵط
ҲһӴҧͷãǾٿٴвãɡ
á
۵ͷͼ֣ǻΪġ
ͷЦģ棬ҲһΪġ
ѾͷǶţʱͷžŹ治֪˵ЩʲôҲС
ʱͷЦݶ˿¹ү
¶óĺɰӿЦӯӯƣٷ˿ɻϲ⻨ɫ
䲻ϲ¶˼ЦʵģȻҲ𣺡ϻصĲ֦ǿö࣬ٷϲĻӡ
һ˺üһơ
үٷ˱˿ڽǣ¶Ҳϸʣٷ޵ѾͷȻҲɡ
Ҳ֪˼ļүôˣǶٷʮֵģŻˡ
ɰ¶ֲͬүܺٷһأܻػضôţ
үŮӣĵˡ
¶ֻҪЪɷԺˣ˻ӾԤʳ˭֪ͷҪߡ
֪ϲլ˰գǾͰȥӼɽµԺҴͷЩҲɿЩ
ÿջһˣȥ̺ͱ֡
Цˣٺòҿɲˡֻǿϧԣµأﶼˡ
⻰ֻ룬Ҫ˵̫ס
¶Ԥʳӱˣͻȥˡ
ȥ¶ЦѾˣƫǣпڸˡӲڣѾͷǳԵľǴˡ
˵Цүٷ˵Ժſڣ粢żƹȡ
Ҳţ¶۾βЦִһҲǰơ
¶ûֱԶˣŻ߻ƣٷһ˫ԧ˯Ь
صɽڣݣûУ
ÿ߰գܻһѾʮǰˣӣҲˡ
ҡҡͷûУٷ˲ؼŸռѽүŸյΣæúܡ˵ŵ˲нڵĽ񡣡
Ƕһݣɽһݡ
ɫҪӳԣûУգûʲôͷ
һ˵һ尢졣
ﻹԣݸɴ౳ָָۣ౦
̧һͼﲻ֪ʱһֻľСѽһǰϸĶģ
һ۾ƳڼŵֻľСһ׵ġ
˵ֻڣ
۲ľ۵λãƫƫûƼ
һ۽ǣϣֻľȥϸһƼˡ
֪ģͰˣ˰أֻľҴţɲܹ
Сľߣģ
ϸ񹤣ǿҲǿĶȥľۻüܴĸطȥˡ
ϲſԭ˵͸ͽܵ
ʮĺɰôһҲֵá
лˡṵ́һСұϵģɺ˵ⶫ̫ˣá
ҪǱƼˣǳʲôӣǵḮѾͷЦ
ӶѾڽϻˣַǸóҲģʱƼ
ŰЦ㻹ʲôĶһ󡭡
Щúúţ˺ӣøӿСʱľ
أСʱʲô
ʣҲûСʱֻǶ飬ֵʱʵ̫٣񲢲ľ
ڿڣͼһСŹվ£ֲ
ҲƼˣŽżۣ㣬ȥաʲô¶֪ҵգ
üͷ΢ʲôô
ߵͷһۣʾ⻰ھɽ˵
˼ߵˮУк£ϼˣ
ǰˣŶ۵ˣ˷
ţϻǣιôţ
ӵżȿǺ
游ȥ£ҲмԶݲŸսӵţд¼
ԭǰϻģһƣŵ˿
ȥأ
ȡݵӵϣ¶鶼ûϸ˵һֶϽˡ
ϳռû䴦˸Ѻ
Ļռǡ
ңһţ
ż鷿ȥһ·ڲ²ҵ˭ж䣬ŮҪôΪūҪô̷
£ȥѾˡ
ѵж
鷿һǷɥ
ŮڹУͳܽʬаһ³ȡ
ǷﻹһźҶҶʫ
ɨʫҶƬ𣺡ȥÿصأЩֽ򡣡
ŲӣߵУ̲
Խҵ£ʹɫӣʱȥ̸Ϊʲô¶ү
˵ץǸ
ǣӣǺ
Ҫʲô
Ҫֻɴ֩롣֩øƵģŮǴͷϵģкŮ˼Ҫ
һšۣŻǲǣɣֻ
ô˵ˣЦŵͷûܴ
ֻǸӣû˵ʲô¶̸ðԪֽ򣬻صء


127 ǰ
Ȣ

С, ǰµʱ򲻽ʱеߡ
ˣСС;͵ȡͿ, û֡
鼸, һǳ¡زͬһ͸Ͽ¿æˣ
, Ť, һ, һӽ㡣
صأҲ벻Ϊʲôص, ¶һҾûϵ˾ֻɴ֩룬ɲŻСѾͷ
Ŵ֩, Цˡ
ӻȥ˸ͷ¶ǲɡ
ɽЩÿ˵ģүҲ¶߹, Щ۽, Ҳýɽ
ԣǲɣʲô
ҡͷֻŴһ, ֻһ, Щϵ
ˣҲҲǰȻͷ£ͷԵĸʲôҽоٴȥ
ҡͷ, Ը
ôֱʰЩġ
ôֱʣ
˵, ݶһʹŸӣҺͰ˴, ǳʵģǽۺԣ
ҳʵģٷּӣҼ
ݽ㰮ʱ¹²˶ţݶЦˣҲأٷȶˣǲź÷֡
⼸նڣТѾͷҲҶʯ񻨡
Ϲ𰬻ݶЩúֽ˺«ڴϣЩʣǰһ
ݽأʡ
Ըǲ׸ԤˣüˮųɡΪܾܴӾдˮǰһվ͵Ȱˮõûˮá
ݽĽġԭǰ¶ģݽӹһһдϡ
˵лݶ˲Ȱɸүú˵Ƣʹӡ
죬һۣʲôʱʹˣġ
ȵͨˣ˵
ҹһͬ÷۵û硣磬ȥᣬ궼û졣
֪ѽ¶˿֧˵ôս¡ۡйһ󹬶мӣЩǣҲٴû̵ġ
֮ۡǰЩʲô֪ЩϸҲƾ˵ġ
۲ˣصҪգǻТУҲ֪ܲȥ֡
Ҫ졣Ϊ⣬΢΢ף̸ѧԱȽ̸ѧҪǿöࡣ
ҪͷһɨʳôûгˣǷԸ˳ÿ϶һżվˣ
ݶڿЦˣ⽾ǳڶ
ùﵱӣǳԳּʱ򣬿ļҵĳҲûСԳ˵ġ
ͳˣŷͷ˼飬ҪȻŲء
ֻ⽣ɤӣûʲôҪ˵ģ
ӳݶ۾˳ȥ
£ݶǽǵѬ㣬֪֪Ҫү˵˽ҪôѬ
Ӳ㣬ӿڴģݶһ飺˵ѽ͵㣬ˣͷһϾȫǰ
ү˵˽ʱ̫ˣҪǻػضôţǲȫˡ
˵ʣأЪٶҪ˵ˣȴ춼ûƼ
ݽЩͻطȥˡݶȥڴϣһ񲻼õӡ
ǲǵ񣬵ˣӵģСɽƵĵ
ʣظĵģʲôټģҲ֪ԭĸŴ󻧣͵Ķ˽ġ
ûҲš
ݶ룺һϻûûĸ⣬ˣݽû𡣡
ݶ֪ĸ㣿
ʲôģ˵ֵܷܲ ڴôֵģЦһߣӸϽƣָָ
ݶϽס˿ڣҲĶͷҪҪǴˡ
¶ɻ׷ʣûʲôҵģ
۱ʵһ㶣㣿̾˭ģ
Ȼܹǹģ۾ƳҿϹӣ
˵ţָָԼ۾һ˫۾ڰ׷סۡ
̲סȥḧ˸ޱߣû㣬֪ﲻ̡УϾǷ˼ɵġ
ͨ£֪ġۻ˵Ůڹйˣͳʬ
΢㵡
ǰСлʢֻڵ⽣лʣҧİڡ
Խ֪ԽáˣʬŲסøϽᡣ
ԭˣϯһ˳˱ǡ
Żʺʵ£ؿ䣬֪ͨӻʬᡣ
ǶˣӵģЩŮ̫ûˣֽҲǹеͬǮЩ
дŮͳ
ûбļˣ
۵ͷ׻йȫģҲٽɽ
㣬ΪƼˣҪˣҲȥְԼˡ
Ҳ˰ա
ף֪Ѷ
ûƬҶʱöҶһ볾ǺҶȥȥ
öҶͺҶϵʫظ߰
ʵͲǵŮģˣʫ˼Ҳϱӱû˽飬ⱲӣһҲû
ºҶʱҶʫ꣬ĺ
ţֻˡ
˶ѾûˣȻҲš
β˵
Щ۶µȫ̿̾ϢһգЩ
ô˵ҲܣһڣҲֻһְˡ
ҪҪǺѣֵˣӣ֪Ҫѹġ
˵һҲɣֻظĸסΪĸϲϣҳң˻̻Ѱĸ׻ںء
ֱȵڶ۳˾ɽãݶԸԤһɾѡ
ݶһӦ£ʣٷҪʲôõģ˻ˣ
һۣװģż٣ȥաøɾİƤţøȥ
ݶɻװѣٷ죿
뵽ʲôٿ̧ͷ򰢱ſ˵
ͼ΢΢ͷ
ݶɲʱ׹ͷᣬ˵ǣǡ
ҵĹǣСͲͷЬࡣٵȥˣﵽ⣬Ԥһɾɸɾᡣ
ݶæգһһҵľʱ⣬סᡣ
㲻˵ǹ㲻ãô޵
ȫΪŹǿޣΪҵĽǿޡãҪûˣûһɾѴ
Ъ죬ȥ
ӺˣЪ죿
Ҫϥ񣬡˽
ƷݶһûĵģøһƣǺҵ˽ģ͸⡣
ݼɫףʱȥ񵥣û͹񣬼Ǿֽˡ
ң˵ݵľҡ


128 
Ȣ

˵ˣ
ݸ, ָ͡
̫ƽ˺ããҲѰ٣οսʱڡ
ݱñȥ, Ǵ̵·ͨ, ᱻת
ݲվ没ݣü΢, ָ˵齱ߵգ, ˵
˰, ¡
ҡͷҲ, ˻֪ھǡ
Ĵ͸ʵǸƨĸ㣬ȡǡ͹ְĵ, ΪƷ߽࣬ͨ
аޣף;֮⡣
ĺǵĵĵ洦, Щ̵ķ, ȡ͵ͷˡ
ֻ𴦶ͬýȥƤڿøʲƬΰ÷󿪣ٽʡҡʡʯ۰ȥ졣
仹и, ֻŴ׷, ҵĲһۣôӣָòͷ
⿴ģݱ²үڶ, ڳʹϾ, ֻһҵ·ӡ
Ȳ֪, õˡǾ仰ͦͷͦأαΡ
֮ǰѾ̹Ϲʰļ粻λˡ
΢ͷȥǹҵ
Զʱֻãžˡ֪ҽ᲻Ϣ֪Ǻòá
ô˵ʮ¡
Ҫ밢ǧﲻ֪Ҳøȥűƽ
֪д룬Ҹš
ǮģḮݣǰ޴ѾͷḮ˼ڶ£ѡ
Ҳ뱨ƽֻҪ֪ǶþС
Ÿ˾ǽ֦ǵãǵ
ֻҪ֪ļ˰ȵĻţ㡣
붼δ룬һڴӦã
ֿݣ֪ΪμղţٹգǾͰᵽӼɽµСԺȥˣ⼸ȥɷԺա
ݲ˼ÿÿɽͣˡ
ĹӶɽͣҹҲɽͣҹ侪ΣμһתͼǸˡ
һ֮УƳٻأҲҧأܸ
ž鷿Ҫô˵£ÿʲôҪһߡ
ҲͰˣⶫʮ¶á
Բ²⣬ǲǾŹҪɰ׵ģһһҲ벻¡
ü˳ŰĿ鷿֪Ҫүſڡ
ʱվ¡иү֪үǧãЩ£ǧĺãҲ˵
΢Уŵһλġ
֪ĸƽ񣬰붼룬̴ʡ
ȳɻ飬Ҳ׵ˣǰԣҹӵЩڰﲢ
һҲΪС㰲ᡣΪݣ;п
ݴҡͷν費ףپ仰ȴ֪˵
ȫΪ㣬ݴᣬΪ֪ãȲԸ⣬һҵʱи֡
ɿĸм尢иȫŻʰŲԺȥ
ڣŮ˸Ԥһ
డ
ƣиɫӵޡ
Цܻҵϱһݶ౸ЩҲӦġ׽Ѿͳȥˡ
һյŮ
Ǳ߿ûͶүһңҲͲǹүˡ̫үĶݣ
ү֪֮󣬵۵ްɵϱǸġ˼ܳ
ҵһ£Һһź̾ʣأֵ
ֵأڽԭæö࣬ǰ˵ҪϱѾʱڹг
ǻ˼ңз׶룬Ĳ⡣
йý˵һûֶ¸ӣǱ˵ˣҪ಻ɣǾûԵ֡
Ѿǵڶˡ
ӢֱüͷѵӲԸ࿴е͵ĴСӲԸ׵ģ
ԭһѮأһѮֻЪ죬ǹô벻̶ԶӲ⣬Ҫϵʲôʱųɻ飿ʲôʱӣ
Դͬݣ챻۶źҩԭʣף׶ʣ
ÿòȣ۱
·ǸޣʶƵģֻűӺȥ
ëһǿҩǿԳˡ
һҲ٣óɽ¹˼ԺҲԡ
ҽſҩ˯úóԵ㣬ѾûˣҪȻؼ⼸һΣָȢļҵɩӻ
࿴˼ʲô棬ҪҪҰŴ
ƹһۣðϲ죬ҾϲĹСʱҲһ±
Ůң͵Բ󣬴ԭáֻϧ˾ɻӢȥͼˣǼ磬ʱ򣬿Ҳϲˡ
ᵽ椣ȻȥĽ񣬴䰴ʱˣû
ûи˵ʲô
Ӣ쳤̾һ̼Ҿᡣ߶֪ˣͰѴá
ʮǰľ£ĵڵʱ˴⡣
ĵûˣҹѸ¶Žӣ˱һҲû
գŶã꣬½ҪСϱġ
ҲдŸ½ԥۻǾ仰˼£֡
зŻϲģ˵椣ӸϽ̿ƣ˸ǹﱸ˶ٶ
ʵƣиɫĶӣɫһרӢġ
ÿʱӢ̲סȥĽ𣬰и׼ĸ߶ء
ֱȵƻ裬ֵؼңƼͷĳָ֪
ȥΣﻹÿչһأܹլӣֻͽ񡣵ǽԺǸ÷ӡ
أû
˵꣬㽫еңаȥ顣
ûһüšģִһޣ£۸ˣ۸ˣ
ǣ
һǣɼЦˣҲǣҪ۸㣬ܰҲֲҡ
Ҵǵҡҵլںδݵĵʲôʲôȫ˺
üͷ壺֮ǰģŸ㣿
֮ǰ͸ˡ
ôȥðڼһ֪ô죿ּҲȣ˵ֵǸĪǸث֣ϲŮӣס
ɲûۣǸۣҪ˵Υ񷨡
ƣĲŸһ
İƣͼŸСһž֪˱嶾ϣ־ҪʣþѽҲǺģ
С̸ղŸϵϵĿɲһ̴ǺöȸĲñȰֵĲѽ
ٿس鵶߬Уǣǹ͵ġ
˵Ǻ


129 
Ȣ

ϸ, Ѿں͵Ƕ͵ģ˶С
ɲ, ˶е, ʲô
ʵ˵ǲĸ͸ģȥ, Ҳֻй, ˵ĸŮ, С͸֡
ɫ΢, ɲϣ˶еģ﷢嶾ġ
Ϊȥ࿴ҹⶼڶˡš
ڽͷ, Ҳ࣬Ҳ࣬Ҳǹⲻȥģ쵱ֵˡ˵, ҵǽ, ϵӣڵһһΡ
ҿǾðֲԾôҲϡ
˵˵Ǹ, ԭļҵţѻ, ϸݵ
ؼҶǼӡҲǼӣġݱ֮ǰ, ѾСˡ
, һǰ, ϸϸݵı˵һ飬֪
һ֪ܲҪҪȻѰͷͻˡ
Ѿͷȷʵںүϲ㣬㻹ܲʶ̧٣۰
ֱҡͷǲɣֻȥա˵Сʱһ¶ɫ¶Ҳߺ̡
ʲô¶Ұ¶ûСҧ˲ϡ
һӲգҲû㣬ҪϲǸȵʮųмꣿܵȣܲܵȣ
˵ʮųпЦ
־͸ϰ߰߰գ㶼ˣĳɸӡ
ȥˣµţһ죺ʲô¶ôܣҶ֪
˵üɫ裬ȻŵƼûУֵϹ˸ԶԶ߹ҾƼˣĸС͵ģ
˫۾ǲŹһ˼
أֵĹѥڣ㶼ɸɾġӴһƣ֪¶
溫ڣƼˣһˣ˵ǹͷ͵ģ˶С
񵱲ԭˣڹȻҪɾЩźá
ɣȥҹ
µ˰աһ˵һߡ
Ӹ󣬿ﻹ߶߶ģΪŵƶϣ͵ưգ϶¶
ӽ嶾ɫ˵Ӣ
Ӣ˾Ц֪ﲻͷʱڶ͵ģյͷʱҲûôӾͬŶˣҲˡ
һһϴ¸Ӣ컹ֶ£ֲǲ֪㰢ָƺ
ľ𼸻ϴӢӲ÷Ƕѧģ˸ܲӣʮվ͸һ
ԭȥӢ֪ʹô࣬ʱĶһ٣ڻʹͣȫˣ㰢Ȣϱá
ӽŽɣǰôЦ춼ֵˡ
ĪǸҪ˵ýżһʱ⡣
ˣǸˣ
Ҳǡ
˲ˣꣿʲôʱܷųͣ氢ֳ̾ϢǧѵÿϣƫƫϲϹˡ
ֻѳɡ
ֲ˵в˵ĵɱں̸ǰ¶˿ڷ硣
֪̲˯˼þѽֲɵ
֪ģ氢
üձŸؼһˡ
˰˼ƾٵģ½ľǣѾǽʿˣıְЩھĴ߶
ֵȻأ
ҵ¶״ֻ˵ҴѾͷܵ˼ϲԭԤҪġ
˵ľˣû
Ǵ˲֪ԭ˼ںǼ棬滹ֹ㡣
˵ʼߣټ˹ӼģΪʵɢî㲻㣬ӼȰˡ
Ҳ֪ιʣ˼ͻȻͷܷԵһͷԡ
˼߸ŵĹ£һʹˣ˽ʿʱһ˵
լӣƽﲢסھǵլС
ǵסһԼõլ̺
ˣٵƬ̣ûУ
ݱΪ˼䲻Ըס
ˣȥɵסȻ֪ϸȻҪЩø£û»Ӵȥ˽լӻլ
һʱ֪˵ʲôá
ҡͷĴݣ¥ݶȥҹˡ
˼޵ãҲã¥⼸ֶò˵ġ
Ҫʲô˼伫ŵ
ȻѾȢףֺι˽լѵҵ֮󣬽ݴ˽լٰһҲɣ
Ҫˣʲô٣ԹٵĭӶ
Щ£֪գвɸɣ֪֪
죬һɫ֪Ҫ˵滰
Сˣҡͷɴͻžˡ
ֳһۣҡҡͷд㡣
ȥ·ϣӿһֱʲô¶ʲôܵøһգ
ôˣͬˡ
̾һԺ㡣
صңݡ
ֲ鵽£ȫݡ
ԤΣҪȥұ㽫㡣ʰ˰լǰ˹ȥ
ںͷʢⴰǰ֯ɽˮɺ¯㡣
ֵģֻʱڲУܰľϳɷۣ¯аڳ׭
ͷյβˣҽҲǸֲ䡣
˿Ǹ׭Ȼһ롣
̧ͷ򰢱۾ͼĿγƺôѡ
ּȳɻңʡ
尢˸񣺡֪ҸĸãѾˡ


130 ˽
Ȣ

ݷдʯ, Իһ񣬱ȥʰҪȥӼСԺ
Ǳ߶ֳɵģҲЩϸ, ѰֱҪõľͳɡһԸʰ, һӵλǴؾЩ, ϾûТ, ҲǱ߰硣
ӿɫĽ, ظĳ, 
£㲻ʡ
סḮ, ҲȥСԺȥǱߣǲǾͲһˣûй
ȥĸ밲Ȼһȥ󷿣ĸѧܼҵ¶
첻, 극, ҪۡҪдֶһôȥˣЩӶû
ܻ£ʱʰ, ˵΢΢һЦȻǱɿЩġ
ֻǿԶ, ڼʱźӾǵĽУҪȻܳԲˡ
ӿЦӰȥʰ
Ÿʰ, ߵ, תһ, ǰ¶ˡ
¶ŸʳӣӱǼһ֪ͷӣ¶΢΢һЦʰˣ
ɷԺѾͷ²⣬үҪ㼸һȥӼģɶˣٷҲûԺˡ
¶ʵסСգ̽һ̽ӵĿڷ硣
ӽһ̯סϵĶʰõʱæҡûҪɷԺѾͷǴȥȵľɨġ
ȸɱӣ㳢㲻ֵգͷТܳԻ磬ҲСЩ
¶ˣмܲסôƫƫȥء
߶ˣ˿ӣ¶Ҳڣ˵ŰѽҪС
ӿûҪ֪Ѱͷģʱӹӣһԡ
¶Цеģһûһʣٷ˿˵Ժ˭ȥ
ݼӣҶССһֻ׻ЩҧһڣЩСѾͷգɷԺҲ벻ѽ
¶ǰڹ£ɷԺȷʵ벻⻰ˡ
ЦһЦԼдأżһȥˣæա
¶һߣɿݣôôɣ
ҵģ㵱ȱ
ӡꡱһЦҵҲǡ
ǳˡ˼һͣϽţЩҪʰء
¶ɷԺȥģƽԺУһ۱ƿʯţ뵽ԺѾͷǵЦ϶˵ﶼЦ롣
һ٣Ƶȥؼȥ
¶ԺӣƼŮ㽫קʣôûУܺиȥ
һŮͷüͷ壺β㲻˵ǼѾͷǡԤ̧ġ
¶ɫ
ӱҲģ˵ٹȥֶ䣬Ѿ˵ˡ
үҪûǸ˼ӵ㣬ģֻҪԸ⣬¼޲ɹ£䲻ͷ󣬵ҲͣŮүԺﵱ档
޸С£
¶ҧүڴϵģҹҹţʽҹ뵽Ŀڱֱ
үﻹüԵˡ
ͲһʱҪˣôġ
ӷ⣬ʵЩ׵Ҳ࣬ҼҵҲ񡣵үˣŮס죬һˡ
ѡǶһ޳ȥ
¶֪ʲô⣬ԥٷǶô๦ۿûˡ
浽һ죬ȥү
Ļ˵
ΣֻܽıӹϣǶɽôܽˣҿɵöֻӡ
ۻͼձӹ
ˣ˿յһһղ־ˣҶûˡȵСԺҵӣÿһ¡
ۼģЦôżȥСԺǾ̫ܶදӲǿ
ɰ̸㶨ðӣÿնǡġ
ҳˡӦˣüЦʱͷ֪֪֪
û˲֪ģ˶֪ˡ
۸ʲôëˣⶫҲͳԸʱʵģ˶ӣ˭Ǹѽ
Ⱳӣӳˣûܹ־
˼ңϿҲûпϱʳģ𰢱ҪٱҰˣĪҪ
ֲ˲ѣ˭Ǹ
־˰һյҸģüϻأȥÿһѳԣҰǿ
ôôɵӡ
ˣֱЦµģҲͦóԵġǳأûʲôֱ
һס˵ĸ첲ԽԽˣﲻһȥɽ±գҲϣһҽɽȥ棿òã
üһɣŹûȵʱ򡣡ҵĶϱܱܿŻ˻ˣֻаһȥ
ˣȥҪǼįͰϡһޣܲɿ͵ÿˣҵʱ򣬳ּա
ﻹŮĻ£˰Т뷨ӾͼһˣҪܡҲһӡ
ľ⣡
ôҲãԼУ࿴Һ⡣
˵۵˵ˣҲȥˣҲȡ
ϣӦһ
Ӧ˲ȫȵľֻа⼸һȣҪϯӡÿҹ˯ȥԼߣһ̺
ҹҲһ㲻֣á
̧ü˵ﻹ˵ˣȿλӣźãű֪
ɲô˵Ц
ŮӣҲǲУ֮ǰǼ磬ǴӴУܻ࿴һأ⵹Υ
ɰһڴӦ
¹߽ңߡ
ô˵
۴̧ͷˣԺĸҪСˣ큸˵һҪҪǣСԺȥ
ֹסļ磺Сô
ƥĸüֲôͲԲϡ
Ȼ㣬һڣȥ
۱ס磬ҲЩ졣
ȴûƿô§ţ㲻һֱҪƥСôߵʱ򣬰߶ûһƥСˡ
ô˳ţ̲סϲ
Դס
ôȥ޷ʲôҪң
ݵ¡˼Ȼھң˵ѾݾھС
οڡ
Ȼͷ֪ǸԺ˼ҡ
Żӣ뿿У˵ֱ֪Ÿ첲죺֪ô֪ģ
Ȼ˵ߵѾͷù
ָһָϵĵĺͰϵ¯ε㣬㡣ǼңҲҲôѾͷ
˭һ˼ô-Ѿͷ
ǡľҪ۵ɫ
ˣȻ˵㡣
Ǹ˼䣬Щȷͬ߶
˽ˣƲ
۾һǾǲǿݻȥˡ
Ȼͬһһ§ס۵Ĳӣȥһڣ


131 Ϊ˭
Ȣ

ٿͨ, ձôһſ˵㡭
ⲻ
, 첲, ЦԴ۵Ķ䡣
Ц, ˵ȴ¶ʹ, ȥ, ֻҪ֪ĸ, ˡ
˵£ô§, ЩҲϿȥ
Ϻδ˽ֱŲҶǸŮ, ȲԸȥ, ǰúõ
Ѿͷǣܣ֡
Ǹ˼䲻᳣߶գ
ᣬ, ̸㱨žǡ鷳
˼, ǼǵõģʼߣȴϺúù붼ϣʲôʯ׭, Ʒ, εû֪ġ
ͬڹӼʱ, ˼̤ұΡ
ǰһֻ洬򿪵ϣȥΣʮּٴһƼȣңڡ
ž̳ڻԴǡ
ʱڱݲҲ£ҡͷˣҪæ
ӼÿնҪî߰ղſѧ
ʲô£˼Цĳ˿̿ǹүһƬ⡣
Ͷʲô̥Ȼǹүܵġ
˼˵ΨһҪݵģԵذݡ
۵ʱ룬˲뵱٣԰յǼ¡
ôϸϱ˼ҲͻȻ͸飬鿼٣ΪٱֻʱԹ˲Ͼδ߶
˼µ۵ǻ³ƾٵģ;Ҫ˳öࡣ
Ȼ̹ˣ㽫֪ģۡ
˵Եģۻ¾˷ˣ˵˼ͷ˽լ֮ʱüͷ
˵˷ܽǲΪݣô룬ŻݣԸԸȥ
˼ҳ󣬻˶ʮ꣬Ҫʮ֪꣬ҼҹΣ
֪˽լ޲ˡ
֪˲δ飬Ǹ˷
۴üδ𰢱ʣǡΪԼ뵽ʲôĦı
̾ϧĸƽӴ˹ⲻԲ뵽Ϊᡣ
ЦˣĸֻҲԸȥ
ԭУǲ⡣
ۼ棬üģ㻹ǣ֪ĺá
һС£ò֪ɫ۾һת׽ŪĻ˼
ٿشս۵°͡
̨Ҫݣͼүײš
ӸϽһȥ
ƽүشúܣвﲻԷûĶ
ôżæųֳˣ
ͷһƣͼţ޺Цס
һ۹үԶȥıӰһƳǺģӸҲǺģһֱ쵽
Цˣ⣺վŸʲôѽ
˵أŸղײϡһѩɫһԲһƽ硣
ɽвȳڣҹ仹ô²ܵס⡣
ôĶˣʲôҪõģѽģ͹ȥҪȥ
һϸ˵˵ͼѹûϸڴϣЦס
ﰵһһɵȷʵһ˫
Ц⣬¶ˣȥһĸȥԺסգɢɢġ
ӷ¶ȥԺݱ׼סүٷʲôʱȥɽԺǹٷ˻Сȣȥ֮ǰ͸ٷˡ
ˣǾͰѻ϶ϰգٷ̫̫̫̫˵߹ҲһȥԺɢ
ɢġ
ݱסѽһЦģ
Ȼģǽʰġ
ţݱϲӯӯݣ̫̫˹үٷһȥԺ
Цˣǲɩɩģ
ӱңʱ˹ֵģݱϸ˵ŤȥʰˣûҪߣҪĶء
ĳһҲ˼š
ϻسŻȥҲǿ£һͻˣû뵽ܸŰȥԺ
ݱѾʰӵôģǱҹ̱ģҹﻻϺġ
¯ҩ¯Ҳôϣ
䲻ţʲôҲ٣ͷ͵ôϴСסЩѰﶼôš
鿴ǹæЩæЩˮةʼܣʸ顭
ݱЦˣЩʰȥɽ䣬дʫۿҪ˵ףһҲ⼸ɿ졣
ȵ븮գ۴Űȥĸ밲ݱ
ʣôĶˣʲôһʱûõģ˵һҽȥ
ܴĸͬȥЩ֣ĸãܲȫ߿ˡ
һԸһ밢ɫʾϸҶɣðգ߶
ʱ⣬Ҳգգۡ
۵ۣţʣĸ׸˵ʲôˣ
ûʲôۻꡱЦЦҲ㡣
ĸǸ˵ȥǶӽ
ɽϹӼ࣬ȫ˲ţТǶסϼ£Ҳһĺӡ
ֻȥװ˺ü
ͬУ˳ǣͼͰʹñ
ǳǰһŰܹѾûţͷ⻵ˡ
˦βڴϣʱʱŲһƥĸĸĶѾܴ۳žҪ
ɽˮҲ˲ƥǿˣŴԼߣԺȥ
һǣŵɽˮĬĬҪЩڻֽϣɽ¼ɻᡣ
ֿˣʱ
Ѭ磬ҪҰھͺˡҪǴҲǾ͸ˡ
һ緹Ъβųĳǣɽʱĺɫ
éݴ̡
ִȥ
һ֣㣬ÿЩ˷ѽ
ʱ֣լֵģھˡ
ڳУһ
ۻͷȥͼ˼һɴ£һ½Ǹɢ
֡۳Ӧڴˣ
ηȣɽñ˼Ȼ֪Ҫҵ˾ڣ񣬡ɩ˰գ
Ծ£̤ڵϡ
˼ϲһû뵽ľͷĽȢһλӡ
ԺųѾͷ͸롣
ݽϵñֻϻӣͷ
ñڵǰԶԶ˹ȥ
˼ٿرǼ΢ָϣҲ㣿
ޣ뿪ڣס֣ҷ˰ϵ㡣
ǲĿ
˼ЦЦˣˣıǡ


132 
Ȣ

ݸת, ˼㣬һԵ
ݶһסôˣ
ñδ, ݶƲɷ׵ɫ, ֻҡͷЬ̫ʯͷ, ˽ˡ
ҷ㡣ݶϵĶСѾͷ, ݵĸ첲
л㡣ίʵվס, ֻð뿿ݶ, ŲԺȥ
ݶĪ˹ͷ, ·ӶɨôʯӶҪҪǴһƣ
˼ݶ˵, ˽, ûŹͷЪһЪͺˡ
˵䣬ݶѾˡ
ǵ̸ѾѾ, ݶ£Ъ, ȥٷһ
ﻹණҪʰС
ȥգˡ
ݶˣԸСѾͷˮ, Ӷչһۣݶ˵˽ţҩ, һơ
Ŵ, ȫΪ˼䡣
ѰģƼڹߡ
ԭһС£ŵʵۡȫȻһģŴ磬
ơƻһˡ
ݶ˵˽ţ֪էˣ𵴡
̾ݶúЪգгԵĲˡ
߻û˵꣬ǱѾ
˵ˮЩѰƷһֻСӣµһƬʺҶҶ⡢ʵĹʡ
֦ɻ׺С
һӣҲһֻġӵ׶ֻôֱϸָߣŮɢõ
ǻǰǣּҶûйŶƿƿ֮Ļ
űһֻڻġ
ļôƯСӣμסˡ
ͷʹñȹģдţЩ¾ƣޱȡ
ȻϲˣҪΪҲֱշת
Тأʲôƣ˺ûЩȥ
ۿüŭһЦ˾ˣûѾǿˡ׵ĹͳһŲԸͷ
ɲͷҪôвͷı¡
û£͵׼ҵǡ
˶߽ûУֻʿˡ
ۿ˷УҲ֪Աߵլӣ߶ز١
֪³űţ̲ס˶ȥɽء
İգס˶áΪıٲھĴ߶ȵ˹٣ȻҪȥĻɽҰоӡ
Ǿף㵱١Ͻ
ʧЦԴ
ĻдšСԢʢαֵԢһ̸
ִԤţЪһЪɽɽȥ
ʱɽҰӣҿɲɡ
۳ţȥݷУһʱ񣬱סˣŰգɲ
һϰڵĴɵʡ
ݶ֪ҵľȥݾЩԸȥͼЩݡ
һδ
ģס˶õģıءסݵ֣㡭治ﱨţ
ҡͷһǽ֮ڻ԰˵£
ȥ顣
ԺԶָѾͷǽ֯ɽˮ;£Ƶģġ
ͼЦ⣬ѵü˻ϲ
ҹú˯Ҵɽǵӣȥ
˵˼䷼¾ɽһʼʢ⣬ǲܿһḮԺһǻТŮ˭Ҳҵ԰ͻ
ҪУժЩ͸ĸ׽ȥ
˵üˣͷһ¸ϽóϣɽҲϸ˷硣
ݱϲ裺ǲŸɽȪˮĲ裬ﳢ
ͷس棬ǰʲôǺõģŰ˵ס
ҳŵʱͰöĽءԲ˵ڣ̾ӡ
ãܳ档Щӣ̫̫ų𾭣ȥĸǶѧܼңܴ԰һ
Ҳû취ϲҲǸĽãǵ
˲Ҳ̫̫ԭڣĸڳի𳭾飬ϱܳ֡
һֻ̾Ұӣңһݾƣһȥ
ͷãʲôʱȥɽϣ
һ磬һȥɱ˵Ŵյߣ˵ˣȹվǰԺˮ磬ʱ㿴һǸġ
֪һ⣬нҲ࿴Цһ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ģҧҧ
ȥӵҽſҩм
㣺ʮ˵غҪٿ˯ʵʵ˯úãͲҩˣô
ʮҲˣҹ÷ҩˡɫŲ࣬ӶһȾڳǡ
ɿ
΢죺ǹүүôԴӱץһι͵͵ҩ͵õȡ
ҩֶҶ˼ˣҲʮ
⻰Ҳеҩű࣬ÿ찾ҩѬòᣬοҩİ
ǺãһͷҲȣҩ֭ӣԵء
ЩΣʱ棬ʱְ˸Ӷšʱţɼ޸Щӣ־ء
ϻΣμȥˣ޵⡣
ԼôμЩĶʵʵҩΡ
ɿ뷢Σ˵׼мأ
۴ϻȥ˼ıԺ磬˼ڻ԰ˮ̨ߣӣֻֻӶ辫ɡ
ǰһյӣҾƣ£֪ǾΥТصġ
ȥһɻ
һָˮеĺɻȼ̳ġúɻѬҶȡɻζ۵Ѭ˺òҶЩȥ
òҶɻУòʳڣɹѬڣºɻɻʢˡ
ȷ£۲Ϊл
˼һʱԣۣ֮ǰԡ
ֻܿˮɻںͣɰעˮˮͷ£Ҷεڿš
Ƭ̣еĲҶƮۺɻҲˮݣʧ˻ɫ
⻨ֻ
һڣԣ㲻Ϊš
˼ЦˣЩԣ˵۲ҪȢһλ큸Ůʱ̾ԭǴǰ࣬Ҳࡣ
ֻû뵽»ӣá
Ӳģ䰮
ϣкȤζ
ƽȤˡ˼䱡˼Դ⡣
ִյֽǳˣǣ˴˱˴ˡ
˼仹˵ЩʲôһܽţүŶˣ
ٿײߵĹܼһѷס˼䡣
ǲ
۸²յͼǸס˼Ĺ촽ס
Ȼݵĵˡ
ٿ˼䣬ʧ̬֮⡣
ˣĪǷˡ


133 
Ȣ

ûʱߡ
˼Ҫҵһǽ֮, ڰߡȻҪһţǼš
漴²յ, ȡһöӣС
ǳȡһֽ, ɨһų¼
ԭ˼Ĵ߷, ·ӡ
˼ū, ڹٸдһ, СǮ, ͨС֪˺δ
Ҳ˹, ˱¡
˼䲻Ǻʱģʲôط߻ʲôս£ﶼ̹һ顣Ҳۼ̻ȥ, ˵, ֻΪ˸Ϸһ
˼ȥпܵľǾǺ;ܱߡ
СٸѾҹЩû֡˾ǣٸЩ, ǻǮͳɵ, ķЩŰɡ
˫£һĴ̽м˹ݣһ߹ٸ·ӣǼ, ҵǸ֡
ͺҲܶԵ, ˼䶢ֽҵˡ
ǳ˿ĭҡյʱڼҹ˽, Ůӣ⿴òкس
òĶǧѵá
˼βŻǱǱȥˡ
ֻɨʽСֻԶԶ˼յӰ䣬ǼֻƲֽϾдʲô
˿Ǹϵ飬ֻ²Ǹʳ˼ҡ
˼佫ֽŽУۻڣּ£м£Ҫȥ㡭Աա
Ǻμ£ܰæģֵ˵޷
˼Щ죬ˣܱ˽£Ը
߽࣬ʱ뿪Զһӵ
û뵽
˼һڻؾأ·
ǣۺѣִʱسǣѾˡ˵뿪ң˼ģĻû鵽ּͷϡ
ݸָͣ˼ȥٸ׳죬ҲҲˡ
صԺʣгԵûУ
ҹ˼зз⣬仹ûзʱ򣬵רʳĳõ׵̵˵зۡ
ǿҲƭƭ죬ܲܶٶٶ¶⡣
ôȥûԶ
ûԳɡԣҲֻӣ񸬣ĳԵñ
ֲʳҲࡢɽ࣬˼ˡ
µա
ȥûһ˵þͷٰѾ˿ϼззۡ
Ը÷ԵøˣҲܳһ롣
ôʲô
۸¿Ӻ˿ٺȿڲڣŵҪ˵ѡٵ£ֻǻû˵ͱˡ
ֽ˼˵˵һ顣
ƽƽ˵˵飬ʱüۣ۶Цˡ
뽫ԭԭһ˵ģǹУ㽫ˣ˵óֽʱ
ͣ»ͷյЪǶ͵һڡ
ˣȻأֽдʲô
ҡˡ
Цһƻ̫Ʋдʲô鲻˼ֻ´ûݲԸȥ
Ŷһƣݸֵ¶ˣΪ˼ҲݸˣҪЦ̾Ϣһ
ôۼͻȻ̾ϢҲģ㲻صǡ
ΪݵĵﶨҲ֪ϢػҵŮ֪ˮһա
û˵ֻǿЦЦ
°ݣ֪֮ѹ
Ĳã㲻Ҫͬ
ǣüͷ˵Ļ
ͷһԵЦȴ˼ԲͶҪ񴦣ҲҪƴ˻пȡ
Ʃʲôš
δȴưһݱҪԼ汻˹ȥˡ
ˣī׭̼ͨ¹ŻҲһñ黭Ҫƫţõó
ˡ뽫¡
˽ڣС
˵Ӷҩҩˡ
ǰ̾Ϣһ죺ҪȣÿҩҶҩˡһ˵һʹɫ
ӱ԰գգۡ
ҩͷʢ÷ȻȼҩɵװЩҪǱүˣᷣȻҪ
Ѿˣ̵ģһں˾Ͳˡ
һںҲࡣ
һһͣСپͱصݵоŷ棬ÿ˵Ļ˵һ飬ǲŻš
ĵɽ髸⣬ζһǿࡣ
üͷţҩҲӣһȹˡ
Ѷһ⡣
۲֪ȵ÷ɽ髸ᡣֺ尢ҩˣ
ҿɲҩˡ
˵ųӼ۾ӸϽҩѳȥ
ۿܲס⣬óٸģôѹס࣬ǳɣ϶ۡ
ֹԹԳңŪۣϴɵϣҪεģð۸ϵͷȥ˯
ڴϣɽҹȷǱȳˬö࣬ƽÿ춼ҩûȣһʱû˯⡣
£椵£ݵ£ء
ڴͷȥ
ΪΪݵĵ˯ŵģӶ԰Ҳ̫ˣǲƽĺá
ڽ˿棬۾ŴͷӰ
ҲǣΪūͣŸá
ֱͷȻ˯˯˹ȥƤ֮ǰﶣԼģòá
òΡ
ϻк̲ʣ޵ۺףҲһȥҪ󼦵۾
ڶ۾
ΣȻǶա
һؽƤСٴϣѩ˪̿ůһ˿ҲûУȰĿŰ
ٷ˵¶
СѾ˵̿ụ̂Щ̿ÿҲһյһΡ
ֽӹɫ׺ëСѩС׺ëͬɫ׳ݴüżһ겻ɫŴ˼ꡣ
İ֪ģĺ̾ʱȥģҲһȥΣſţ˼ꡣ
û£ŲΡ
Ǹҡ
İ䡣
˴ҼҷǼġûһоиӵܰ쵽
£巿ĵŮģˡ
֪ԶǾˣֻһǿδ
Сʲƣ޹ȥ̺ĸ֮⣬Ҳû沣ʡġ˵꣬˿¶
еİˣűӰβŵΪΣĸҪҪٿ
ȻҪġ˵ͷ˼ңݼŮҲׯءֻ°˾Ųʮ
İˣôͷһ
뵽֣ס
İĸףûþ͸ĿںˡҪ׽ö࣬˶֣ҲЩ
а˿飬Щ¸顣
ҲûĽ̬˵һ첻ӣлɩɩΪ̽¶˳ĸֳա
أʲô
ң°῿ֱϣױг׵õӾͺˡ
üЦһְסüģָḧ˸㲻ΪҵǣҲǵŮӣҲָЩֻҪɽǣ޸˭ûзֱ𡣡
ֳǰѱңѾˡ


134 
Ȣ

ʶ֮ѧʫ, Ѧ鼮
ʫɽˮƶת˼
үȷ, ɲС¥ǰԺ, ײ裬ŮڡȻ뿴, Ҳߵš
ѧ˻, ǵǿϽղصĹŻø, ָѧѧʲô, ֻǸüһö
δɽˮɽˮ
ö࿴ö, 鰮·ûڴ
ɩɩȻǺõģҲ˭ҵôˡ
ˣߴݱϴѡҹЦô, үٷ˻ûء
ҧҧ, Ҫɻȥͷƿʲô
ҲסˣĪǡĪٷӹ
԰Ѿͷ˵δ
ʱȥ
һˮ̵ó, ǾŽڱޣ
ʱҺù, ڼױУûù
ҡҡͷ²ˣֶˣȴ޿ʼա˵˸, 㵽Ժ˦
ݶ³, һȻѴ, ææ£סͷôû̺򣿡
ӴǷ˵̫ˣˣѾԸˮȥˡ
ɽɿ죬Ҳȳã׻ТڼҲס
һǣƲ
ȴ죺˺Щ
䲻޹Сױ޷ʹ鲻飬һ۾֪
ԼҲ֪ˣҪȻڱ壬𶯣֪ٶȲ
⻹ãԲ۾ƺһ㣬һ˦ƣӰ죬˿ĭ
俴ˣػض
ӿ˻ӿǷţǿңǲ߿ںţֲġưգҵ˯ȥ
ûһԽÿ죬Խͷ
ԻԵʼһеͷģҪЩ
椣ر
е顢ۡһġ
֪޷ɽ⣬˯ȣɴһױӣɽǣһе
һջأͼվ£һַˣһӣڿڿ
ޣ²ЩˣôˣվԶЩϸ㡣ǿɲǺģһƤС˹ͷǴ
Թһ˫۾ǰֻдʫû뵽ʹӾҲôˬ
ӽݶҪ
Ըӣӹ
г¿ʹӣˣ¹ڣϴųţõͷˡ
ʱ֡
һǳߣҹ﷭̾Ϣȫˡ
ȥ緹գȻһعӼһˣɩɩɽ
÷Ҫڣ۵Ŀɨ
Ѿ֪ˣƽһľӱлҪ˵˼
ûһˡ
Բϰˣһɨȥ̡
Ҷ࣬Сӣɫӡ
䶼صģնһ˰һֻؼӣŵ˵գʲô¶
˹СӺ࣬СŸճ˰գҿʫᣬ԰
һСլʲôΣḮĻ԰ӷֳķҲҪ԰࿴˺ɻ
СɽĳӻСء
뿪ʫᣬڼ￪
۾ٿ𣺡˼ǡ
ҿû˼ֻǸһˣҪۿһۣеСÿӼֻըӡ
ԭϿɲЩʹĶż˶࣬һԲˡ
ô˵֪ǲðʫ࿴
ЦӯӯЮ˿Ӱ˿Ǽ죿
̾Ϣ˵ôôˣǰûģ
ܵ÷ӣ˻ӡҲĿУָ߬䣬޿κΣ̾Ϣһ죬ܳ˰գ
Ѿͷ˵ʲôװ
һɿ֣ã졣
ۺ˿ָ࣬ڵλûգҪǻҪֵġ
˼ݶŵ
죬ķˣȥңղźأ
ɽȥ
ȥԣȻɽû뵽ôͬʯͷҶժ˺ЩҰҰݡ
ժһԴСֱЦס
鲻⣬ǴԻ˵⻨СЩҲҰȤûȥչ޻ˡ
Խ˵ԽЦ
üһɩɩЦʲô
˵ƣ߹⻨ιιģ˼ɽʱЩҲ߹ⶫȥƿ
ˣǻϸһʱͲסҲЦ
Цֵôǲƿġǵȡص÷ƿҰϡ
黹´ҳһֻ÷ƿǰҰ䣬ɽˮϣֽϪ߼̦ʯͷϡ
Ҳ÷幩ء
͵ȥʱƼˣѧ߹ﻹˣҲܹϹܲǲǶܹˣ
⻰߹ʹݱףݱ׸Ҫ˵
ôûţˮܲ
Ҳ幩ݷҲ֧ݣҲܲݰ
ݼղűߣֻڷˡӵϡ˵ʱͣߣ޵Ǻġ
Ӳף洦ɼݣ嵽ƿбˣ
ʫ죬һݶȥ÷ƿٷ˵Ҫɣǰͷٸ
żЩĲȫҲֻϸ£뵽ˡ
ȥաҲ죬ȥɽϣЩԵ
ݶ÷ƿɾƿݡڵϡ
˼Ҳˡ
ŻسȥһŻ޼ҡԲ˶һᣬǱ֪漣
ôһǧҲѵá
û뵽˼ύʱ롣
к£˵޷زʶôصȻˡ
˼֪ǻķ۴£͸װ棬õϡ
⻭޳ʷһŮӡ
ü΢ŶĸŮӣм࣬ʤݸǧ
˼֣ģɫôôһŻŮˡ
˼˵ʱȥңڸУСθȥڸУұ跨Ѱ
ǸܵѾһ
˼ʧ
ʣô
ǡ˵ҪߣǷҲûҪȥĴ㡣
ԵַģھҲܴЩ¡
˼ûָԣɽò˵ˣдʫīһ
Կģļ磺ԡ
ƣ˼ֲϣʵƲϴˣ¹ŻԵŵǰ汻ҵؽ
Ѱֶˡ
˼ϣʫỹûʼȵð
ۼС׶ƿǻǻĶʱʲô˳ۣеֶҲ
˼⣬Ŀ˶֪һ˵ױˣ˵űš
ȫޱ׼ֻƾϲŭ
ʱ죬ᷳʱֱµءҪգûƵٵĶܴܶӹżҳ㡣
˵
ƿ
ֻ֪Զеҵ⻨ƿȤ
һֻƾϲ࣬һӲ
ףÿڲ裬ңңٱ
˱Ҳ׷׾ٱ
С¥۾ٱ֪ǳǾٵģ


135 
Ȣ

鱻, ڵ񻨴
ű÷ƴչӰͶͶ¶÷İӰ
, 鿴, ָһָȺǴɫӵӣǸ, ͷϴġ
֪Զһб, ͷɴĽƽ
ԽС¥, üͷ, ӣ̧ɨ, ĿֻԷջˡ
ֻһۣ֪Щʲôֻ֪ģ, , ԵƵó
Ҳ֪ǰһ⣬ļҵɩɩΪСز
šš鱾˵䳡滰ɰ˵˾ʵ˵, 롣
Ȼй, ˣۻء
ôһۣ֪ʲô
Ҫܲ޾ͺˡҲˡ
ݱ״ʧɫҪ˵ʲô, ҧס, ɲܵٷ, ˾Ҳܵ¶
֪ҡͷ飺ġ
գգۣʲô
˵ķӡ̸̸ô˵ʱ۸Щֻһۡ
֮⣬ʲôͷǶǷΡ̫ƽ£ûѾͷǾһˡ
ҪǴһ˵ˣֻµǹҪɮ
Ҹط˸ŮҪǴȥŮҪô˵ף
·һλʵ۵ǻͬ裬λ䣬һҲûڴѡ㡣
֪Ҫ޵ģҲ֪Լ»ĶЩ
ǰи;˳ֳ
һƾĸֳ˼˵䣬ȥ޷
÷ӰҲͶڰϣ˵
ֲﳤģΣ֪ˡ
˵䣬ȻʣƲƺҶīż֪ݻƲīԼѧһ档
Ȼ
椵ϲֶ½ԥȴֻԼ
ſڽ˵ЦˣյߣϸҲûһֱסڼḶֻ́Ҫڣʲôѵһߣ
ٿЦ
ǰٲأҲˣҪȵÿ¶ͬͬ⡣
һĸ첲Լأˣô⣬ҿɲΪ㵣ˡ
ݱ׷¥ȥȹ½ǰĿҪת⣬˻ȥŲ¥
һ˻صԺ
дʯҡϳѰʯ
ī
֪˼ǰԺ߹ƾܣֻϣڽŻˣ֪īдֽϡ
˸ϣ̣ͩúþöë
һ˵һд
õֽ㣬ٴ̾⿴֣뵽ǸѾͷأҪǸѾͷԼҲԼˡ
ôģü꣬ͷ
Ҫ뿪ӣͷֳɵ棬īݾͲԼ
ӻݵҪûмˣǾ͸ȥݣҿҩӣ㿪̣Űţ˵ô
ݶ͡ӣҲǰš
ӵ̴ž죬˵ϻӣѾʮˣշǮжʮ̸̡ܼ
ͭǮӣִӻɽӣĽ𣬴һ
ҪȻһطŲһϻѴױƼ
ӾѾͷͬЦôһ㻨ҲûУѽ
Ҫ͵øѣÿɽأûù͵һ
ǶʲôãӻĵʱֻҪѽͿɫײصúܣƲ
أĻӻģ
ԺŮЦһţСǷŷݵ档
ҡϣӸס۾żأҡҡλΣʱӸѡ
֣ԺжȻһﻹأûˣƿ˿һǣͼ۲֪ʱԺС
Ƽϼꡣ
鸣һֳһȥˡԸѾͷһţͶ鶼Ųȥ
ѾͷҲ¡
ЦӯӯۣҲЦſƹˣ
ͷֵҲʹ˴ȥˣȷǼҷ˴Ӳ̱ˣĹǣҲ˵Ǻˡ
˹Ѹ׾ӣܼ޷ǾǹŮᣬٶģҲˡ
żȳТﻹҪͬ߶ġʱ˵
֪־̣һܸı뷨ͷӦáһɽĺɫšüͷݰգ¶ˡ
ƽҪʱǵѵòе˼ָͷȥݵС
ǲ죬ĵѵãͷʱ֪롣
һ졣
ֻƲ֣߬УָĦӲ룬Яֻط
أϲ֣۵ⶼҪĩˣа¾òˡ
ٹ±ףûꡣ
ԴѧīףżһأҲЩ޹ؽҪ¶
ʮǵزɽеزصֵԪǰջҲҪΪʵĸơ
һ˺ƺƵɽȥ
ݵ˽һ죬ûԶأͱɽ·ˡ
ݰȻڼУһǽ֮ż˼ٵǼȡ
ɴ޻޻ҹﴵƱУ˲һҹߡ
ǴҲ˯ŵģҹܽЩֹ£ҪǼй
Ҳ۵٣Դ˼סڸڿʼ٣۱㲻ˡ
Ҽˡǲ뱻˼ʲô˸ڡ
ֻĵģļοȹǷű񣬴СҹŵԪڣǳ
˵ӻ
Դٿ뵽ҪǴϻñӣȻʺϵúܣתͷԸ飺ˣСϻñľϸЩ
鲻⣺ǸүҵСү
ǡٷ˵ġ

ԭͷηϻñˡ
ڲʣСȥ졣
ѵ㣬ݲȥѾͷװ磬ݶֻӣͷʢ˵õԪֽԼҵģոǰĽǡ
ҲҲոҹǹķԸġ
ӣﶼҪ»꣬Щա
ҹҲǹ»һˡ
ݶȹȵ˰ķԸϹ󣬾һ徻ؽֽǮơ
˼Ҷڽز㡣ߣĴ̡
ݶӵ㣬ǲ֪δԪأٲǵĹ
ᣬ˽㣡
ݶѭȥʮСѾͷ˫Ѿ٣Ҳһֻӡ
ݶĿ־ֱż벽˻ȥʣǲҽ㣿


136 Բ
Ȣ

ݶֽ, Ťͷվһʱ侹֧ȡ
ֽŲ, ֳվ, Ψһ˱㲻ˡ
ͷ̳СѾͷ, ݶĵײƣĪǵز, շ, ǽüһ档
, ݶ̲סͷȥӰӡ
ӰӣͲǹ
㣡µСѾͷ, һѱסݶĸ첲
δ棬ֱʱղãƸһһϳԷ㱧ͷһš
󸣡أأݶҡõļ, ûͬһ
С÷Ͽҡͷһ, ֪ʲôطѾˡ
ݶѾܼһ˶֪˿, §סֱޡ
ϸ, ֪ҹòãգôôˡ
ã޹һ󣬻, , Ҫ, Ҷϡ
ҲҵķԸֽģɽȫջģҲƽҲūͣƫ
ݶĨĸϣҲǮûܵö࣬Ҳһ룬뷨Ӹһ
᣺Ǳ˿ػӱߡ
ֻһ䣬ݶֿСС˿Ǿ๤ģͷһõ֣ȻָؽڴѰҪһЩ
Ǵ죬˶ҲҪ˿µë
ֲ͢ô˿ˡҳзֱˡ
ŻʺмӣΪྩսҵķ糱˿óĽػӵˮΪ֮һ塣
̧Ĩᣬתһ֣ŵҡ
ϱеС˼ңֻСѾͷҪɵм²ɵѣƽҲ
ݶ§ļ磺ѵطң뷨ӣôҲһ
󸱧Ž㲻֣㣬ǲйڣ뷨ӣһҽ͸ȥ
ʵһҲȲˣѴ磬֪ӹúãЩ棬Ͻຣ
ұػ뷨ӵġ
ֱʹһᣬҪߵʱŶԽ˵֣Ӷ̫СѾͷиҲͳˡ
ˣٲߣҪҡ
뷨˵ڣݶԼūˡ
ݶ˫ͨصУ㿴վվסһѣҲ̫ˣģͻԼİա
޵Ϊֽʱʮָл
˭֪һɽլУûҳѣݶͽңͨһڰǰɽϡˡ
ڵñת˼֣С˷Ƕȫ˵ˡ
ū겻ҲЩǮȥѰһأҡ⻰˵ġ
ū˽һ˵
ݶԽ˵Խޣ˵ЩţĻס˻ͷ
üһŶ½ţ㷽˵Ҫ˵Ͱ㶼ͬһˡ
ݶʱŸҴޣңҹشү߹ﶼһ졣
۷Ż˼䣬ôˣ
˵üڵϵݶӲǿ̱ˣһƼѾͷʹޣȾѾ¡
ɽƼˣߴݶޣ˵˵Ķҹȥ
Ŀ΢֪Ѿͷݶʵ벻ݶýʲô֡
ϱѾͷҲң
߼Ѿģ벻˵һûģ漱УԵҽг³ʤȥһ˰ա
۵ˣݶҴģðֲȥһʣӰ˾ǡ
ôƫƫҪó³ʤҪ֣Ҳýȣ³ʤרͷҪµˡ
ۿɻ֪ʲôЦһЦһһطúܡ
˷ţ³ʤݶõҸȥ
˵ſ˳³ʤһۣ³ʤᣬӦ¡
ţŤͷݶȻһЦİգػҲֵˣȥЪš
ݶȥ˼һʱõĳͷϣò£һʱǼҲϷˡ
˵ݶҵãּҹҲ÷ʢзˣôԲ¶ˣ
ݶӹ룺ϢˣŸԲ¡ǿڣ˵زܲܡҶĶ¡
ţ֣ʱʣôɳ³ʤȥǾôϣɺˣ
Щ⣬ȱƳˣҲţͷˣϸһĺá
źܶԣһͷθһ
۳ƬӦˣá
ݶ˼ҹΣ̲ס𣬳ףþԲ
գ³ʤ˸׳죬Ҫڣһ̧֣ȥٷ
ܵͷ
Ȱˣ۲ֵ˵ա
³ʤⱼǱúں׳ʵ࣬һ˵Ҫٷˣʱͷשء
ɨһ[ȹ֪ٷˣ̧ͷ
ˣȷ˵ģһȱ˿͢˿ͱճµ˼ңתֵϱС
Եϡ
˿Ц⣺ܳˣβ
ˣȥ˰ա
³ʤ䲻̧ͷȴ֪үҲЦѵüүЦ
Ӧǡ
ݶ˵ֹգ³ʤ˻͵ԺŽݶе
ݶ߰գһ˿ҲûУֻô죬Ӷˡ
Բ˯㣬˭Ȱá
ٷ˴Ϸ֪˽ܵűߣſ˶̧ͷͼнݣ˶ڶЦ
ӻ֣Ÿʲôѽ
ݶνţһ۾Ϳڵϵãߵߣ죬ͷ


137 ±
Ȣ

ʵʵͷ
ʱֵ, ѽ
ɽˬ棬Ҳ, ͷ, ɿĵ䷺졣
ͷ, ݶ˵ͷ
ݵȥ, Ь, Щ, ֱٰ
ݶԭбݣΪ˱ܿС, ŸֵġݶҲһȡǳ˫ɶԵġ
ݶȽôȥ˼ǽĺ֡
ݶۺᣬǧл
Ҫ˳ȥ, ˣ, 㲻˵ָͷˣиĨҩֶ͡ˣ͵ܺá
ȻˣĨҩ, 浽췸, ҲܺùЩ
ҪȻһǹͷؽھͷʹʳѰ
δ˵أ۽ˣһѾͷ, ݶøүͷ
ۿһۣȥաüĿݶ, ίʵ벻Ѿͷϱڲˡ
һƵģ, ȴ֪ǹһ۵ġ
˶˳ȥôôСģǲǡûп˵ֱȻһ£Ȼ游ǱСӵĴС
۲˵
ķ巿ϼҲĸ£Ҳȷڴ¡
۵һͷ£ŷЩͷҲǣģҪϸЩ
ݶòʮ꣬Ѿͷˡ
³ʤˣͬ˵ĶԵϣ˵ǰͷ̺㡣ֻĸѾͷҲ̫Щ
ݶԼУӣ§ŽޣʱһΪֱתˣټŽˡ
ݶˣõıһͺˣٱˣֵøĸģײǹ
ǹĸ⣬΢΢һƬ̣Żع
ǹָԭĹˡ
˵޺ϼĹټҷˣ˵Ƿˣҳɢ˷٣ӣڽǰ
뱦κһλˣһûһ˿֮ͬ
˲˼䣬̧ˮȸúúϴһϴ˵ˣһˮĨҩͣòϣ﷢Ȳźء
ݶмлӽ㡣
ùأҪͷҪϴͷ顣
ˮݶϴͷԭڼʱһϸϸͷ
ݵعǶƵüֲ᣺û¶ҲŸŹʱҲݵúܣ㿴񡣡
ЦˣϻǣҲˣϡ
ݶ趹걳ĸã
ʲô﷿ıĽǽʲôѾǳɶԵģҪô㣬ҪôǼ黰ָڲʡ
ǹûЩأԭʲôͻʲôֻǲײ˹֣ٶ
ݶʵꡣ
á
ݶѡ֣Ӵ˸иɾӣָͷĨҩּͣһɾϸָͷϡ
ûһʮָͷͷݶ˵ϻӺĸ
һ˸ӶҸϼ㣬ܿС˶һȥġ
أ
ҡͷҲ֪ǲ֪ˡ
ƼֽǲǸգ
ݶҲǣԭĽգҲҲԭĹա
ͷȥãӹ
һһǹ֪һһλġ
ýٷˣѾͷżﵹҲû¶ֻǵýٷˣȥ
ϸϸñļ˽ʲô֣ܿϵòˡ
ˮϣѾһ£ͬߡ
ݶı˵СʱƵġ
Ҫܻȥͺˡ
ӹáݶ˵꣬˰ûûͷһƣѾ˯ȥˡ
ٹձǵɽɿ죬ҲûȥԲ
ҲûңΣø̰ݽȥ
һֻֻװϳݴͷŹʵñϵİɴƼ˱ʣݽҲǸһģ
ʵǳЩûǰͷȥҲ
ǴСŹģǸ̼ģֻݣ֪û˵ϼ仰ɿ˵£֪ǳࡣ
ݶͷǣ˵£ǿɲᡣ
ԹӦڽ󣬻ﱧŰϳȥ
ۼүҪٷϳ̾һүٷ˿á
ӹͷǿɲٷˣٷ˻ûأү¶ˣ˵˵òã
ɵֻ֪ͷ˰ը׹ӣһ԰գͰĵúãǼңǿǵˡ
ͬӣȹ˽ڣ
ҲߣڵһƥСҹ큸ӵ࿴СۡҪˣ큸϶϶Ҫ㣬ϲ
֮ǰ̫С˲ȥСܼȦɣʹѵ
ڶˣһڷ롣
鱻ȥСͷٸɾҲζڿڣڸɲݶСͷƯ㳤˶ﻹҪ
ûӣ棺ԭСҪѽ
껹Сսϵãʵ㳤ɡҪȻôи큸أ͵Ǿٽ̡
Ԫ۰̫µĲ½ִУгļƻһսġ
ݴӪľǿǴҰҰһġսЩ𣬿ɰۻˡ
СԴҪ֣ʱʱȥܴɽ磬˾ɾ͹ˡ
ﰵ룬꣬һԶ̡
ҵȥд˺Щͼֶ˺ЩСÿһ䣬ýŲһȡ
һ᲻ãֻúȹٴ
سţû˼䣬ֻɽּи߸
̧ͷȥͼɽӰشأ֪ǹ˵ɽ£ĿһƳջǳ£һ˻ȥҡ
Ž㣬벽뿪Ḯųһ
ҹڴʣҸʲôأܵи°գ
ݶ룺ҪȻѧҽôٷϴͷͷݽ̸ģٽ̸á
ͷãһúѧ
ڶݶȥѾͽи
΢΢ЦֺãСѾͷ͸У»ϲȥ
ôûвƣʡ
ָָӣﲻѾиơˡӵꭳӣɲǲô
ӲΪ裬Цһţ˵ÿ˴ЩǮǳ磬ǼҲ硣
ѵԲˣҲմմϲôŶһǮ
ݶǮô±ܸ÷±ˡ
һ±г룬ǰ״ɵһǰ


138 ƻ
Ȣ

ѽ, ټԲ
Ḯ԰е¥ڰڿԲ̫̫硣
ϷӶϼ飬Ŷ, ˵Ӳ, 㲻ˡ
ҲŶӶϱϱȥ밲Ժ, һֶſ, Сǰݽڡ
, ̺¬ϵȰ, ǿŰգүүүү, Ŵүء
ү˵úģ˵׼ҪүôţİѾּ
ٲ, үҲʵʵڵϷء
¬Ͽû, ˿ڲ裬Ų΢СѾ˪̿
ǰʢŻ浤ź, , Ʒ
ǰӣϱҲҿ
¬һַ̧֣򵽷ǰŴ˴, ͷĶЦϷ˼̫ү, ڷ̫ү顣
ĩж, վǰ棬Ůվ
˵ĸ첲ֻػۼŲĿͼüĿüëûҶ
ǰͷ۾˵ϹŶ
һۣûôԽģˡ
󷿶ļһŰ㶼𣬻ѹ˵
ֲ̧ɷĳ࣬ô⼸Ӷôһ䣬һֳ֣˵²壿
ЩЦԭɡ
һ⼸ӵĹΣ׽иҲǣֻǳ顣Ⳮ鱳ɲɣĬдһһ⡣
ɲ⼸Сŵͬ
ȴһöˡ
ۼĿתǼϣɵ΢΢һЦǸúúõӣȻһ̥
ôţȰдЦ⡣
ŤͷĿĿкЦҲһЦ
˼Ҵһ硣
䶼԰¥ڣ̴ָֻһߣŮһߡТֻʳСˣ㽫ӵзģм䡣
ɵӳϣбŮԭ̫С˷ûͷؼ
СŮѩƵģƼҪ
СûӣЦϲ㡣̫СֻС
СЦ
ϰŮݵУ㱧
ѧųϵģСŮ§ڻУ־Ҫϵɵץ
Ц˵ÿˣСʲô߬ס˾Ͳ֣ͷ
ͷժ»棬һѾҪ
˼ˣֱ֡
ļ磬жԼˣĸѵɿüģЦ泩СŮȿ
˶ǰľյɩļԣ㱭ؾơ
ؾˮȵٶҲˣ޻޾ƣһֹ±ɢ硣
ٵҪˣ§ŰĲӲֱ֣Ц㱧ȥգϻڡ
ֱ棺ôƫƫɩɩ
Ȥ˵ӶϲиˣɩɩиȻϲ
ϲЦŮ˹ҹǽ˻ȥ
˻طͼЦζҽ氢ӡ
ʲôͬ˵
һӼãڱԺʱÿ춼ӣվɽأЩţЩûϹ
֮ǰĹ۲ȫˡ
˷˵Цеģһôأ۵һ£ġ
˵תȥˣǳЦûƼٷϯϣ֣ͱɽȥ
ҽٷ˵ӡТһ꣬ס̥
Ƭ̣˵
趼һѽˣǰͷǼˣôܲ
󷿶Ůˣʶˣֻ󵽴ʱ
޲ʱТϽ׮ϲ¶
ۻȥ·ϣԽԽ
ҹɫͶӳУƻ½
Ƹ󣬻㱼ү̾ϢһҪϸϸϣүֲٳˡ
Ȼһ·һ·ӵطǴЩɻȥ˼ȥƻᣬֻϻơ
ӳԲӣӻȥйˡ
ֻϻƣڷУɫ˲ժ
Ӵɫװģɲڳʱôһۻƻء
ḮТֻ£ûҲʵ
Цɫصסһɨɨˡ
ʱԣŤͷǣòᡭ˵ҰգģС
ֱţԹ㣺㿴㣬⼸·ˣ㻹ס
һ⻰ʱ֪ԺкöߵɽűߣͼԺڡ
ŷȥԺǵ㡣
һƿţһʯϣȭͷСĵòֽģȻʣĶŪôЩС
ǿɵÿˣСľֻһֻ
Ϻֽ˰ٶ
ʯϲеƣϵľֻǽʡ֦ӣͷƼ
ˮһ·ҵĲ滨ƣʮФƣƣơ
Ųߣÿߵһյ£ϸһ˵ôûеѽ
ƻµգƻˣֻ˵ա
үˣԭûйʵʵ˵ûй
ֵöţǻһС˵ˣʱҲû飡£ܲһգ
Ӳǻһ
ƹ԰صүٷ˻ڵءһæˣӣɲܵˡ
γѣҲҪ·ɽ
ǰһʣٷϲϲ
ֱͷϲúأٷ˻˷Ϊͷеա
۽һ٣֪͸øдòµĵգɡºòµģҲ²š
죬һԶԶ
ŻˮһŲʵƣЦžͼԼ˹
ˮµӰȵؾƣʱ΢Ѭ
ֽס첲߬סȻ⣺ô뵽ģ
Ҳ뵽ڣһТ֣ŹţһСƻᡣ
Լ˵꣬ȥƻᡣ
ԺеЩƣյͷһյһյϨ
ſڴǰӿסϸ˷磬ʲôٵˡ
ֻ༸յţӿסۡ
ôδ˵꣬㱻ϡ
ཻҲζ
ãһյҲϨ۷̧޷ʣؾƣǹζģ


139 
Ȣ

ۼϣ˼, ۾µµת˵ʲô֡
ðֿɰޡ
ǰֻСҪС˼, ֪СŮ, ۾˶ָͷ, ָ׸ǲôһ, úܡ
Ҳ, ߬ҵ黨, ЩѧӵǺʡ
, ʱЦֻ²ҵŮǶģñʵͣҲѾߡ
һʱҵŮѧ, Сʱ, ڣǾŽڡ
ǰģÿգ׽ө, , СԺǿͩϡ
Խգرϲۡ
˵ССһδʱֻɢ, Щ׼ͷԽ˵, Խ͡
, ֻ죬һֱûϢ೤ƽȣ֪˯ˡ
ϡ
ŮȻҪ
ΰ˵ʲôδӦմ˯˹ȥ
۸ϵ֣½ʣɵߡ
Ϩ˵ƻݶԤ˯䲻ҹͷֻҪһǹͱסҪˡ
ڴϣһݣЩҲүٷ˾á
ݶЦˣȻ˭ǹܲϲءǸˣֻܻϲ
㲻֪үȢǹ Ӧµġ
Ƕ֪¡
ģ̲סԭҹʲô֪ġ
ݶϴֻ죬¹ս
ƿһǣŽѱӸϡ
һݶϽĶڣһָͷƤͷ׷졣
ִţȻˣͷİգǸٷˣͷͷءֵúúţȲͷ˵ա
֪óէ²죬ÿҹԺ˵ϲã
һһ˵˾ʲô
ݶսﺰ˾ʲôû塣
˯ţ˵Ĵ߻ǰ±
ڶһͼûڴߵĹŵ±ˡ
ǽèߵġЦҲɵܰ±ڴߣè󣬿ɵЩҩѡ
ݶӦţͷҪȥͼɫɷףЦһôˡ
ݣ˼£صҲˣҲЦӰˣ㣬ø°գֻûãٷͷӡ
룺ɰǾÿս԰ժЩþȥһأҲһ·
ݶӦ£
֪Ŵãժʲô£һǶߵ廨ס
ɽȥϴͷһ仰û˵꣬㿨סˡ
ͷ£үȥϴ£ô޺ϣ
ЬŴ˸ĹǷ
Ŀһͣ°¶ǽϣҹ
֮ҲйյģТҲֵס
ôﶼûˡ
ʱ·ӣʱеúˣŶЩͷ
ϴˮζʣôǾޱˮˣ
ݽĹ¶˵ˡôֻСƿõĻ¶㣬ֻһξζ
õϣζɢ
ﲻϲѬ㣬ϴԡʱЩϱйɵζ
ϲĿ⻹ڰϡ
⽫ëյ˺֣ݶĨ࣬ɫĨϾϣϸϸƿ
ԺһרΪָ󸹬۹ĺͷζһŨֲ㣬㡣
Уˬ顣
˵ĲЩӵѰ
ϳʲôѽ
±̫ˡ
ûУ̵һȥݽء
ǣҹЩ
ٿػŰСᣬüͷ ͬ˵أûУ
Żһһˮӣ̫ЩѾˡ
֪ˣƫƫÿ仰ܶԵϣ޴ֻ̿óߡһء
ݶһһ仰˵ֱͷ˳ȥ
ӿһűɿЦʣүôˣҿһ㲻ס
ǿ㣬ǿɲͬүǺõģݶЩ˵־壬ǴСŹﳤģүȻø߿һۡ
ҪŻּҰݽڣ˼֮ͣҪᲩʿ
סˣһʣ֪ѧ԰ʲô£ȥ
һ֣¾æա̲Ų
Ӣڼҵţۿʱ쵽űӰ
ػذݽڻؼңظһȻ̾ҹڿϰˣҲͱһ񣬺ðٴȥ
µҶˣϻظȥĳ˰գ
ҪӦͼޱ˼˿üҲ˼ۼʣ̣ôűϻҪЩ
Ӣ̾㰢֣˵£ҪشӪȥ
ˣս¡૳Ǩ
Ӣ˵ͷƾôȰǲģ˵ڹôҲǸˣȥ
ۼӰЩӷҪȥôϵͷ
⡭ϱǰ¶ô͡
ֳ֪һֱѧҲʶ֣ԭʶֶһأ񶼿öˡ
һֵǣ˲¾ôţ˶֪ܵδȥˡ
ɰ־ֳͬϹŵǸǲսȢǸˣ
ǶҲȥţԵҲֻʣŻû˵սҲôԽû֮ǰôա
ܾǺģǿǸܲա
ţÿ߾ս£ǱΪЩ˼µ֪ۡЩսµģ˵Ȱ̵ġ
˵Ŀɵ棿Ӣ꣬̾һҲĪҪˣ궼ҲҲˡ
ڵֵˡ
ٹЩӾ͸Ķ鿪Ρ
˹ϵֻӣܵű꣬ŵȥġ
Ӣ̲ס᣺ֲǣֲǡ
ıοִС־򣬲ȥܿϡ
ôû׮£ΣҲ׼
ͷӼд£μƹ˼ѧգѧۿͬÿհֻܷнûг
μƻϷˣż٣ۻȥȱ
ȵҹæϻҡ
֪£ⱲӣȻ


140 
Ȣ

ǾԪ۳ӡ
ǾԪһִĶ, ñĵþԪ洫Ϸ⼸սھ
˷֮󣬽, һֵܼ, ̫Ӷڷâ
Ҳ̫ӺŻݽˡ
棬Ϊϱû취ְ
۰ٰ˼Ҳ벻, ĸزھ, ʱҲԲϡ
ѴӺǶĻ˵˵, ϱӶǰ, ȴǵսȥ
ۻȻ
ĲţѵΪϱź, û˴γ
Ǳˣ۲ţҪǺҵˣˡ
ò, һ£˵, ȥղգ
Ȼա
Ԫ۶Ա߾ɱӶȻ޿ˡ
һλʵ۶ԱҶ̣ҲΪҪ󲿷ֱʱҲڵľԪۡ
ʵڲ, ݵñ그ߡ
Ԫ۵λ֮, ȥɨƽձ˸صɢɲͿճҪʰʰġھӡ
˭֪ȥƫ˱ͥڧûŴ, ϳ, ׽˱һλ
ֻǱ̫, Ԫڱ迤أɴȴܲסˡפˣƴˡ
ػʮ꣬ÿζ˻عڡ
ЩǺ󻰣ǰҪǺһȥĵϵˡ
ȻϱӴһ⣬ĳƺţҪ۹ٽף۸ߵöˡ
󣬾ְֵһҲûţǴġԿοĪҪǣнš
üͷд־š
ȥֳΣҶչ˺̵ġ
ˣɫʡ
ͼ£۳ɫҪգôˣǲǹӼѰ죿ѧųûУ
۲ܸΪʲôﶮЩΪ˼鵣ǡ
һȥ飬ʱǷųˣɹӼѧϿЩꡭ뵽ѧȥͬ
ز֮½ԥһøѾҪ
ݲΪ٣ҲΪƽΪԩ
ʱ½ԥ˵ĻʱҪˡ
΢΢񣬻عͼеЦҹ鷿Ȼȥ˯ա
˵ͷ뿪鷿ʱš
վſڷԸأóԤЩ˯
ͷܣؿ̺ʳסС
صͷӦٷ˷ġ
ﲻһգҹɫɳγ
ڴǰԸ̾ȡֽʣīĥ֪ıд
Сӱʼ󿬣Ũīһմȥ䡣
µĲǺ֪ģЩдУֽŷ¡
鷿Ҳ˸̿裬ϸϸдĲݸˣǰд
ʦ
ѧʦϸ룬֪ʲô
һֽ̧ü۾ɽá
ŵüȥʼմīͷ顣
ԸѾͷǸɢˣǶ˯գ̺ҡ
ݶ˷Ը㶼ɢˣҪţˣҲˣȥ
СѾͷˣһƬݵøֽƵģúúһ
ݶǧлһݣģԡ
ӹյ鷿ĵƻ𣺡үʱطô
ǵǣѵˡ˵ˣȥ˻ţٶЩ̵֮ģǸˡ
ȥ԰ժɻãݶڵ£Ÿøĵѣҵģһո㴩¸·޻Ͳµġ
ڽߣҵҲûôۣһȥա
˵ˣĪҪżݶõͷİգǵĥ˵ӡ
ĥ˵˭֪
ûˣĹڹֻҲиãݶ˵䣬ﵹĹֻรա
ҹԭȶ˯ڴϵġ
ͷҪ˯뵽ǹү˯ģɲô˯ߣڴ̿졣
˯ϸʲô˯
죺ζͲζô
һ۰ɾúܣйҶζһֱúţôô
һۣ֪ԼԼͷʣҪ߰
˽бү˽ﻹǰ֡
ͷִС־ڹ
ӣʲôǶ֪ʲôʱߣüЬѽǷЬǰ඼ġ
ĻЬЬӸ̶ˡ
ӱͷڱУȥ㣬񻹴ء
ǻ㣬Զƽ
繩ˣ˰֣˵˵׼һûһ̸졣
۾μֵϽˡ
İֱ׳ʵҲڣŴ󵶣糾ͻһôôˡ
˵󣬾ɾ䡣
Ҫ˵úܣſ˵
Ӿ̤ϣ۾׵Ҷһ㣺֣
ʵǰɾôһѾͷǵ˽ôֱֱֲֳò
žһ죬ȳһ⡣
Ըɣߵľ͸ҷȥˣ˰Ƥ
űǰ־
ǹЩ죬ϸϸֱ棬ǸԭҲݶԲˣݶأ
溮˪
۸ŽˣƲϲŭ
ֻǶŴϵ˵ЩҶˣĪҪգǡ
Ȼˣ
СûһҩȥܵڶͺˣĻᲡ
ǰͼ没ݣϵͷʧ˹󣬽ݽݵġ
ֵײܾ˵Щ˲ѣˡ
ȥڰߡ
˵ٷ˿ģү˷ˣ쵽ˡ
үվſڣǡɣҲһ䣬˵סˣĪҪΪܲĸ
ɣŵסԻĶӣ˶үֻ۱ֻ۾Ͱˣ˭֪ɣ˼
үѾǸ
Ǹĺˣͷ޵ж٣οɣģǿĶ簡
Դ£ǰΣаˡ
ɽΣŸһа϶Ϊһ
һĿѣۣĿǽʡ
þʧ
̣Сٵǰ
ԾпԼһʱаϲŭ֣㶼ӿͷ
ʹһѹ


141 
Ȣ

Ȼ, ;ԣᴭϢһʱ侹
ԭҲоѹ, Ӳ㷢, һػŵù˽̤
㷢飬ܶǸ
ҹŨī, ޻޵, ۾, ҲֻԼʵ
ԸסɷԺ, Ϊÿζû¡
һζһΡ
δһӶò
Щɽ, ˲Ϣû
Ҫô
ðָô, ӡ
û, ڽ̤Ϻ˯ﱧֻ֪ʲô¡ڣߵѾͷÿ˶˶ǮǮ, Ӹء
ʱ, ҹΪģ޵۾׳ɺҴÿնҪʪӷƼΪˡ
ҲḮĹ˵ù, ԽûǸʱ, Խǲ
֪ĻΪɥأ
Щ̽ķ, Ƽ׳Һ˵۾ͷ⡣
Ϊʲô⣿
ôԼо˴𰸡
عТҪҵġ
ۿҪˣҹģڴʹˣȽŲãҲÿնɷԺ̽
òʱҽſȻ
ܿͻҽǰˣ׻ڣҽƲʲô¡ҩһһ޺ȥôҲá
˲ΣôҲûá
ľÿһ˿˿紵ɢ
鲻ɵĲʲôأ
Ҫ
Ҳؼ̽ĺӱ
ɵһ£̫Сˣ¹˲
ֹճһԲɣ
ɣͷģ˸ϱߵŮǼģûףĪҪš
ɣ氢㣬һŻֽϰٸԲÿһξֽϵһ¡
Ϳ˰Żֽ󰢱ܻóһЩ
ѾͷǶţޣ˭֪ʲôᾭ
ȴɣܻóһЩ
ֲɵе˵һλಡĸԽԽáʱˣҪǿöࡣ
ӻתһЩ̧Ժȥɹɹ̫ԭǼɽʯһҲȥˡ
ǿûݼеͩøߣСͿ죬ֻۿţþˣû
ɣΪãøڿˡ
ҲãԼԼ֪Ϳݵƾ
̫̫ǶŵķǣȥϷǶ밲ٵϷһ䡰ϱǲܷ̫̫߶
̫̫ǹġ
巿¬ϣϷ˵⣬ûԸҵŮǴǰ
ѾˣҵŵҲ̫ߣӦ÷˼ҡ
˵÷ԪŮǵŮڼҾáֻŮӣǰ
ˣҲŮ
ס
Щ£֪

ɾһԵ
ʱԺоϲŭŵһʱ벻ˡ
ԭΣм٣ʱ䡢¼ԲϺš
ûҹȷЩģ
ŵĸоѹô
ȴ֫䣬ֱ
ʱˡ
ڱ˸Ƿһȣӡ
һţǴӴϵ
һǷںڣôôоͷˣңü֣
Ӧҵıӣأ
أ˵ȥСԺô
óһղһղһղİ
ͼҲ
˵ģ֮ǰҲûܼŰ֪޳ɸʲôӡ
գգ۶Ӧһôһ͹Źֵġ
һСܵűߣٷˣүȥˣҰŸٷ
ӽӹͽȥùһƣдֵģ֪ˡ
ٷûʣȴѾϰˣүһҹδ˯һֱ鷿ظȥү˰룬һ⽡
ֻСƵģͣ
ˣӸһ⣬ûƳٷʲôͬģŸȥˣѸָԡ
ĸͷͱôһ
ʣôˣҹû˯ãƽҲģ͹ţһҲûʡ
Ƭ̹򣬽ʳˣһиǶҲ⽣мСˡ
ڣ뵽ʱʲôҲԲ£Ϳϵǲ͵ţ￴ٶ࣬һҲԲ¡
̫үТģͲˣϵȾҪ£ֻһѹͷӡ
쳤³Ͻţͬݸһȥ緹
ǹһ׮ﶼѾþûʹˡ
ųḮʻȸţӵȥֱֻѼ˿ӣҪѼ˿ģҪеġ
ôˣ


142 ı
Ȣ

ӡһ, ȻĻʣҲȸȥ
ӽͣ˳, ȹ³
ȸűߵӰ, ˺üֻ޺ȭͷӣ³, ֱֽ֡
ڳ, ҧ, ʲôˣ
Ƕٶ벻, ΪТһ˿Ҳûմ
Թ޽, ̫үͳءʱһأ׾ʱһء
ˣû͵죬öͼġ
˵, ТΪŹүص, Ϊŷ޶ͬʹࡣ
ǳʲô£ŻͻȻƽ䡣
ɣǶ֮仹ġǰգԺӵĵ, ԺѾͷĸŲĽ
¶ʹһ, ݵٵԹүԸʲôӣָⶼǽζ
ҪԻƽ䣬ݵһģǳˡ
һۣӸݴ, һӲꡣ
, Щļ, ûȥңǼ꣬ͷ
֮ݱûţ׵ġ
뿪ֶԼĲ
ӺֻܿӸ򣺡ٷǣô磬Ƕء
˵ݳԵģӺСѾͷҲֵձ
ķˣ㣬Цлٷ͡
һ³أճģѰӵݵֱߡ
Զż˰ζصôñȣùϿһҧ˰Ƥ
ģġӼҵİӣͷ㣬ںζҧһڶ
˳ԣֻԵ˵Ӷѡ
ȥóǿԡ
Ц⡭û⣬ôûմƵġ
ɲûմȣ
ǲϢ
ʱֻ˯òãﾫ񲻼ã˶˼ȡ
ΣûˣҲȥˣľֻһˡ
ȰҲ̫ˣ˼
˶˯òãѪˡ
˻רôѪҩţŷӵĶȻܳ꣬ٺԼھͳԲˡ
ͷʹһһķͷ粡
ͷⲡ֢УҲУ㵱ԼҵŮ˶С
ӻŵòУߵĶ϶ŷñʱֻﶬţ춼ܲסˡ
²׼ֻҪ˻ȾҪ¡
˻ǶϱŶںϲˣ
Ͻ̫ҽΣԼɻѵӺڲɣ
̫ҽûϲ˵Ƣθ飬˻ˣȺ
һȾû磬ˡ
֮ϣ֮
֮ˮѽŵˡ
ûȹͣʱȴÿֵ壬ſŻ
ɵˣգǴ£
ݶסת÷ɿ죬ҪˣҪôźã
ʱŰУТ߸²ҪˣԻʱסڸҪ붬װÿЩȵҪԻǾͰᵽԺȥ
Ÿĺӣͼ´ĺӲ̫
óƲڴүүԼˣķ巿ھǣ뷨ڹȥ
ү֪ûţǶҲûɹ˭֪ܳ©
ŶĿǣĶȥˡ
Ӹ˸ؿڣˣǺþûԻ磬䲻˲ŶĵģȥǸЩȡ
Ҫ࣡
ⱲӾٺˣ
ǡڴʱָſڣʰֽ³תҪ
Ѿ³ȥ
ẓ́ĳطӿȰǰĴ£أգᡭзҪ
ᵽۣлϲɫֻ޾ƣͻ⡣
նֱӹȥģôҪ
ӢͷһţʱСѾͷǰѶӸ
ųԹ⣬Ҫյն裬ֱͦ䡣вյƲȥĭ͵һڡ
Ӣ쿴ЦͷֱģʵңǲǼգ
ҹ̹ЩصĴ£ḮҲĴЩġ
۲Ըͬ˵Ĵ£¹ˣǷԸˡ
Ըˣ̾ͻᱨ֪
ϸϸ˿ڸĲҶĪҹμֵ˽ء
ӢЦ̾һѽ׼μ˽
棬ֵ˽ӣֻЩеĺ̶ûܼⱲӺ̱ܼ
䣬ںĸ׿ģ˵ʲôأ
˵μ㵱˽
֣ģǿǺͷμˣͱ˰ա
ȡţǡɸġÿÿ˵С
ҵģʱЩ֪ģЩ֪ģƩ籱ֵͥзϺѸߡ
סˣͷβɨһ飬ַȥؿ
ڰߣÿÿҲɨ
ڳϣţʱһ¶Ȼ
˺ȷʵд
ѵҲˣ
ɨ飬ҴҽŵյУҶл÷ҵðЩϸ˵ּȥˡ
ӢҪ˵ʲôֻŶӵıӰ԰Ц㿴һͷꡣ
̣ҽڼ㡣
һӢŵζˣô̲סˣ⣿
Ҳ죬ǳˣ󻹻᳣ԡ
ԲܳԵӣˡ
ԳԿ⣬Ƭı⡣ûϵģϣ
Ӣֱ֣ɣѽʲôʱԾͻ㣬ˡƵġ
Ҳ뵽˴椣Ǿδˡ
˻ȥ˵һ˵ҽסˡ
ֱҹؼҲ֪δ飬æһգҲˡ
μƵֻҪһȥƱػȻ󲨡
μҪƣʽ鲼Ұ
֪³ɲɣӴ˻ᶥ
дۣһ巣Աһ˿ʦţ̰ûԱĽǮ
ڶȥСЩԪҲЩ
Ԫƽ޵ģ̰ܻߡ
ڶӦ֪ǼԱ
أ֦򡣡˵дš
Ҫ˳ȥŲٷ˻ȥˣ
ǣ˵Ҫסϼٻġ
۵ͷҲã⼸գ˲ٱЩ
Ǳ߰ſ⡣
һ߳һ룬ԽԽͷۿ϶Ҳˡ
ӦҪö࣬Ҳöࡣ
СذףԼƬڱĴƤͷմϺ̶
ǹģһжźõġ


143 
Ȣ

°ôԻʳ, ȥȡЩɽߵű߿ӻ£ŴӳӰ˵㡣
ҡͷ, ˻˸ɫ
ֵֹġ
˵ûİ, ӶЩİ, ͲԾ
ʱ, ԭһ, ˵Ц, ӳԡ
Ⱥһߣû˵һ仰, 鲻ϱá
ʱǣʱǷʱָˣżһ˿, ֺܿȥˡ
ˮ, ϲŭ
ǲǸүˣ˵ҡͷҲѽ˷ֿʱǺúõģû档
Ҳ벻ͨ, ֻɽͽȥ, һöա
ôԵģƵģ·û⡣һɨ棬ҲԵÿ, ͱӶʣºЩ
ûԳ, ֻòԻ, Щ壬Խöɽӡ
ʣǰĩȥĴȶ£Ͱĳλǲǣ
һôͻȻʵǰ¡
ϸͷǡ
ĳλǻˣǲǣǰ۳ĸТʱҸȶµƾôҲࡣ
ݵͷǣǰЩӻһǮġɼұǳˣǶһǮɽҲһǮ
Щϸ¶Ҫݱʡ
ֲ꣬ˡ
ҹһҹδ˯۾ֱ
ǰÿŵʱ䣬ûʱ
Դ۾ҲŲԭԲĹ⣬һɱȥͷ̧
˸ͷһ¶ֻҲˣ˵ͨ
һǴǿ³ʼһġ
ʱݵˣ֪ǻ˳󲡡
⻹ǰ޽̸֪֮ġ
˲֪ʲô˵ǻݵøƵġ
һ˵⻰ʱ£˫ֺʲҾǻԸܲãԸܽ
ȶӲˣȷʵȥȶ
˼󣬹ǰ
УûǳĲͬӦǴزȬʼġ
еۣȢΪܣ䲻˵۽üңܻ¶֡
˿أֽܼ½֮
̬ȾͱúˣȥЩǵĮš
Ǿ밢±˵ȹ˵ָ㰢ΪսΪıǨˡ
еİҲ⣬޸۱Ϊ˱ܿԣ߸ȡ衣
ʶ֣氢ܿղ¸£ýޣҲŸܱ¿ء
ǲҪһŸõĻ£
뵽˽ڣ߬סȭֲҾټѦ
Ȣһʶֵ큸Ů
ȢԻһõġ
۵ߡһŮ¶򡱣ۿӣټ޸ˣ
Խ룬Խ꣬ɫҲԽ
̷ǶҲɽһ˵ѾԹˡ
ݴϰ˼Ȼ
ҽţ
ҽҲҾټģҽţƳ̵Ĳ̲ܰӵ
Թ
̻ţֻһ㣬͸мۡ
һůڰ֫ٺߡ
ʯ񻨣ͬľСԺĵ
ɫǰҫ
£صòˮʯ
С纮Уģ
ӿ¶̫࣬һҹһջϸ֦ĩڶ
ȢӣûӦ
ݶͽ㶼޸ԺС£̺
زʱ߾ֻӺ͸ѾͷĸСƵģ÷겻͸
ѾͷӶ࣬ݶһСҲˣѧӵӣʰɷԺЩѾͷǡ
ǰؽӷǮӻݿҩȥ
ڸ֪˺δڣҲ۸
óٿظۣ£䲻ôٴȥθܲסй
ڶһ磬ּҾȥḮš
ٷӲˬڼסա
üһˬﲻˬҽȥӣ»ûˣҲûи۹
ĸףÿҪҩů
ŵḮӣǸȥģүˣʲô˵ġ
йӵ˵ˡ
һ٣ųӵͷ֪ˣٷ˰Ľ
ͷȴ̾Ϣƽˣؾ˵ĳθܵס
ôԤЩˮѸ⣬д˷ţȥ
ӢֱԴѽ˴椵ĽѵˣҲԣ
ں̻·СʱƵⲻǺúõôʵѾˣ´Ǻ̲
ˮѸţӢЦеģƣһ죬ءָ޷ѽи
Ĭ
ٷ˻סЩӵϢܿʹɷԺС
¶֪ǸӾסںݣ¶ھӡǵˣҲܸӵĳ
ؼʱţһģɸ֣ôͷأҿɸ㣬үʱͷԸѸٷȥ
ˮѸ⣬ѩţ֣ɱˣ
˭뵱ӣȻҲ˼ԼŮòҪڱķͷܵӡ
ƫƫүʯ𲻶ģŮҲû
ۿ˵Ůһ¶Ҳɲ㣬㿴ա˵ָָľӵļƥС
¶ʧɫ
ԹµĴӣ㣬ȹ죬Ҿȥ˸ǰ䡣§ŮҲģģҲǳġ
Тأ¶ʱؾ
ɥȢӺŮһ¶ѾӦˣϣɾʮˣ
¶԰ʱ󷿶ڹ仨԰ӡ
Ѿ¯ָСѾͷ𻨣˵á
òҲɫţţԵýεΡ
¶ԶԶ˻ŤصɷԺȥȵɫ밵ȥɽݶٷģ㿴òã
ݶһ棺ôô
Ժˣʲô
¶ͷһѶ㣬ǡҵҪҶףүĸͷȥ
˰¶һۣ¶ԺмģƯѾͷˡ
ݶˣЦģϲѽ¶鲻ܹ࣬׮ϲ¡
¶˵Щֱȵڣŵʱȥүͷ
ԽݶԽùŹ֣ۿ¶߹ˮȣɻ
㶢Ű¶ıӰТڣء
ݶȻ
Ҫȥһѱס㣬ʲôȥ
ҪסܽɶԲ¶ݶǿõĸ첲ôãʲô
ͼĿŹֵҪţүҪãôⲻѰô
լУļҲٲ¡
ݶ֪˵öԣۿ¶Ѿ鷿ų̧꣬Լһ£ôԵ
˼ȦҧһᣬϻӣһСܣܹˮȡ
鷿ˣ
ٿس֣ɫȥա


144 ¶
Ȣ

ݶ̿޼, ʱȻסס
ס飬, ˿, ·һҪˣү¶
ǰһݶøʵ, , һ䣺߰ա
, ҲѾͷӲ鷿
ݶ, ס飬üͷ, ϵˮȡ
ݶˮȵ»ߣס鷿ĵƣֱõ𣺡ûƣʲô
סӣ߰, ҪΪٷ˺, ¶Ǿڶ
³ȥһٷʲôô
Ǿ仰Ҫ, ʲôӡ
¶ҹɫ鷿űȥʱ, Ҳ¶ô
үʱѾ⡣
Ժһûȥ¶ס, ɷԺҪ, Ѿ԰ʧ㡣
ֻҪ, ¶ȥˡ
ɣǧҶ˵ֻжôҲ޹
һۣɫȻΪ
ȥͨ
¶ֱӽȥû룬ô˵ˣ黹ǲš
ڽ£΢΢һЦлС硣
ڵ¶飬Ƿվͻʵ˾ѧڡ
£ѾŽ¬ͽȥ¬һ࣬괺ְֻ˾ɢ٣ֱܽǰ
ǾԪ¿·λĻʵۣ˵Ժֽר˾˳ӽԿɷ¡
ƾݣʵ֮£ֻҪţɽɡ
ᣬܴ
Ӧȣ𣬾Ͳ徻ˡ
ϣŴɴżġʱ𰢱
Ҳ֪סø߲ˣ֪ƽԻ磬ǵҲûʲô
ͻСôѵá
ϾȻΪ游عТˣһڹ㣬ߣү¶˵Ҫ
һü¶ʲô£
ԺＸѾͷˣ˰½Ѱ¶˼޳ȥ

¶ڽ£ҹ¶أˮߣƬ̹ȹǱ¶ˮ黽΢΢һЦ
鿴Ц硣
¶õ壬վƽջֻ֣Ҳ׳˵Цһ˼үϡ
΢ȹſֻôŹ֣ѵٷ˲ڣ
ТڣҪ治أү
¶žͼϣһǳɫ޼ɴһɴڣסüĿ΢к
¶Сߵ齱ߣһүűߡ
۾ʹߣӵҪֶ䣬ˡ
ۼ򵽽űߣüͷ˵Ҫ˵ףչüģǺ£ʱΣ㰴ӵټɡ
Ҫһͼˣȵ
¶ȴҡͷӲԸ
۱㵱ǲ£ﻹɲһ£Ǿٷ˸õġ
Ǿּ޳ȥĵһѾҲ档
¶˼˫۾ĴԹүʱϴӶ֣ү
˵ţ
ʱûүڴϣÿһˡ
ֻ룬ֻүߣ̺үԽ˵Խ죬Թֺӣסۡ
۷ľЦ㾡˱֣ǡ
һѾѵҪڲɣ
ҪˣС̺үԡµѾͷ˷Ӷס¡
¶Ŀе᣺ӶүһƬģүУÿҹ߽ﲻֹŻ˽Ҳ
һ˵һ̧ͷһ俨ںͷ
ֻ۾Ӹδ飺˵ȥ
¶ڵϣү˵ЩΪűԼĳģҪЮү˼
үЩʱûס
ʲô̫ˮ֣ʱ
٣û̫ӣ¸Ǵû˵ֻп
¶Ḯ֪²˵ס˭Ҳû¶
ֱƳǣǷŻչǻֲ̫ӡ
¶֪ү˵Щġ
ҲǵȻģүǽ
¶ôʱԼ˵⻰ʲô³
Ҷү޶һ£ڰ¶Уȷˡ
ԵɷԺ߰䣬۾ֻүһûˡ£ƲƵģԶƹˣȻүˣ
Щֵ˵ô۵
ᱬž졣
¶΢΢ҡͷûˣֵֻܡ
һʱ治үϲŭֻԼ¡
۴üĿָأ¶ˡ


145 ̽
Ȣ

Ъա
, Ḯÿ춼ʳУЩ˽ģ߹
辰ʻҲһ, ﺣǻ, Ҳ๩żڻŽź
Щģů߿ʯ񻨡
棺ȥү͹, ⻨֦ôһ߹ҹһ߿ġ
ʯ辰, һսʯ, һ軨ʱ, Сϵĺʯ״ɵϡ
ƣʯһӣˡ
ֱЦѽ, ǷֱڲĻůУһһ߿ô軨һ͵߰ӡ
ϣž顣
Ӱѻǰ, Ŀڻ֦, ζû
ͷŸչͽ꣬һصĹ𻨡
һ, ʱѴء
Ť, شСҪشѽ
ס
ŲӽʵӸϽ̺˷磬ͷʹ
ϲ, ֻϰˡ
ӿֲԸ, ϻӵⶼһ, ôÿԵӰգóзԣҿһ¨зء
ḮǺãɽѲԼҵĲѡ
ּҲڣʲôʲôʲôʲô
Ÿʯ񻨵ĺôǲܼ磬ɹ̫ӡ
ѩҹӿ
Ӹ˸ӣ̱ˣӸϵһߣֱʰүˣ
ҡͷûС
㻹Ҹʲô㿪磬ҲˣϽȥաӢϸɫ֪ԽԽˡ
г޵Ůһͻҵġ
ǶзѽϽȥ˵ſ˿е飬Ц̽ɾǲһ
Ҳϵ飬ա˵껹߶ȵ߲ˣֻС
Ψһǲ
Ӣ갢Ķӣ˵ǹˣ¶ѥԤˣУһȥա
ͷӦ£̵üģЦˣ̣£еµġ
Ⱳӣ̱ƼȢӡ
һԲ
ٻḮԽУԽǾơ
ݶƳˣȴ֪ΪΣûһ˵Ҫ𻨸⣬ǻǰ¶ãȻȥôЩ
Ҳáͷ
ͣڴűߣŷٷ˻ˣʮֵڡ
߹ȣƹ԰ӣ˼˰Ҫ
ɽĴţͷһ鷿оĵģʱЪΣ
̶ڣӭͷٷ˻ˣү³Żȥˡ
Ӧһɽȥ΢΢˿治֪Ҫ¶ʲôɫźá
ڼʱѾðŹ֣Ӷˡ
ԭǰֱģЩ˷⼸ֹԣ˶ȥ⡣
⼸¶û䣬ţЩٷˡģ
ݶӵȰȥ˲˶һۡ
Ųյ裬üδ̧ʣôˣ
ݶһ飬ǽ˿ǰ¶ˣ˵£үĸͷ
 һԹµĶӡ
ǵð¶Ǿְģ¶ԺеһѾ˽½
Ҳڹ۸Ժ߰ˣø档˵۸һֱסԺһѾͷԭԤҪͨġ
ð̧̧ͨÿʲôˡ
¶ǲԸģߵʱ޿䣬ʱѾΪһû˲£¶òűԹµĶȥġ
ӣźӽԺĹͷ
죺֪ѽ
û䣬ƥӣһǮױӵķ
ֿݶǻԸûͬ¶档
ҹ鷿һУѵġ
ҵݶôˣ鷿ǶôнǸŮ˵
ݶ澪̣ڴϣҲˣͽˣһµ
һƣǱƼˡ
˽£֪ԽԽãװʲô֪
ݶһҹҪ¸߹
ȥүͷԽ˵Խǻ˵ڡ
һ۱֪˵ֲ˵Ļʱü΢
¶ӣ
Тڣ۵ƢֹὫϳȥһҶϳȥԳòҲ÷š
һۣɫࡣ
û뵽Ż죬ͳ¡
˵ȥͷһڹ񿡣
ݶӹͷҹʱ򡭡˵ҹӼҪˣ鷿ҹˣǲǲ϶
ҹ鷿һСڵϹָˮţǱߵƻֲûʲô£ϲ֪¶ˡ
ֵܣһҶˡ
㻹ɷԺȥһȦϢģ˭֪ǧҶ¶¶
˵ҹôԶɷԺ϶
ֻҡͷò̵֬ģٷ˲ڡֵû
ԺѾͷǳԾ
˿ڣ뵱ˣ
Ųյֱ²ԡ
Ҫ˵ԼϯϱӰ¶еǻᡣ
ǻסɷԺסɽ˼档¶ʱɽʳǻ˶Ϊ۵
ûˡ
ԲѾͷɫݡ
ǰ벽¶ˣĪҪ
ڹﲻڼҵʱģԺУĸҲġ
Լ׮£뵽¶̾Ϣ
ǣΪֵӾͲö࣬ͷðˣĸãϸ
û˳˵ٿʱѾҹȥʾأɼʱóԤЩ嵭Сˡ
ݶ˿¶Цȥ
ߵһҳѣһɨͼҪôɺ٣Ҫôɺꡣ
ǰӲƽͼʱټ⡱һ¡
Ǽ꣬궼ĶͶƳɵġ
ۡδ޽ʱЩӡ
֪ˡ
ô
ᣣһôЩʱôġ
ֻΪһֱţʵϲЩ
Щˡ
ҹսɽõţͼطֱߵӻˣ̺ȫˡ
ɫʣôˣ
ǰҲϲЩͼ
ǰָʢһڣ̾ళ⼸գʵ̫æˡ
ŲɷԺȥסϲˡ
ɷԺǶʵ
ʣ¶ȥˣ
۲δ̧ͷһЮ
˵̼йô룬ǳôõģ
ôͻȻЩ̧ü


146 á
Ȣ

ݶ㴦֪˰¶, ׿˵
£һ佻ҲûС
Ю˿곤˸˴ӶڳԵ, С˳罴ˡ, үķôƫٲˡ
Ϊٷ˰ԣÿܲ
˵, ԭƶ, ˶ղͲٲ˳, ˡۿСƵĿ, ػһڳԡ
ҿҲ, ӹǿôǳôء?
˵ͷ˵Ҳˣĸ׽ó˲Ʒ, ˵ء
ȷʵ˵, ðҪӡ
ʱ¶²ҹš
˵һһ䣬ִñ˵, ȴ΢, ˵Ҳ
Ϊˡ
һʱ֪˵ʲôޱլС檣Ů
С檲, Ůĸ, Ǳúݺ𷣡
޳Դ׶ʼ, ҲΥ¡
뵽ΪԴף֪ԣоЩȻ
ۻԵ̼йҲȻ͹ˣػ˹أôá
ͷֳɵġ
½³ʤ¶¶һұԶԶ
ŵŰ۾γͫռӰӡ
΢ԸЩ˰Ķ䣺Щ£㲻طգҲ˸߽ࡣ
ٵһ٣ԺլࡱĻ
Զ񣬻¶һ汻ˣûУֻùŹ֡
ǻգ
ۼִҪʣЦЦɲôǻ游Ҳأ¶Ҫɥ£˵ղգ
˵䣬˻ͷǰ㳣õĶ͵ɷԺȥ㲻ϲӵĻϵ˻µ
˶÷ԲֱֱҲϲɷԺ
ɷԺס˰꣬һʱڴ϶ãǸطһһľ뿴
⻰۶УԴˡ
Ũü𣺡⼸Ҫ£࣬벻㡣
ҧҧһĿƣһɷԺҾͷۡ
˵ָһͷۣտй̫ҽƣøơһδ˵꣬عζ
˵ǵɷԺͷۡ
ЦĪҪ֣ҵ¡
Ҳǵͷۡ
й⻪ȥ
ǵˣʱ֢״Ƿͷ硣
˵ˣֻľСˣΪֻճ
ƥľСͰڶ౦һ԰Ƕʱ͵ּҵˮ㡣
Ǽ꣬һֱڴϡ
ȽͰͰڴߣʮ־ģһؾɾġ
ഺõͣǰҩ¯ȺŹͰ
ԽԽԸˮǿһ´Ҫ˱ܣ
ֻܿ
ɾ˵Ĳ϶촯촯ζšδͷҲһþÿն
һӣһ˴ʮ־񣬲Ÿ档
ͷ̽Ҳ۸һΣʱǴŸɾѣڴϵģ
㲰ˡ
˵ĶɣĻᵱ׾ò֣жôĥˡ
ĥӣĥľ
ʱˮͰڼϣʱʱƳȡˮס
ǶôֻĽȥȥ˵ĵط
ۻԹ˵ҪǲԸסɷԺǾ͸һٻסգȥͬĸ˵
һȥɸСȥ椣椣û
Ҳãȥסգ徻Щ΢΢ףܻͷķԷҪĵġ
극ۻ鷿ȥʱҪͷʹжҲţ֪֪
͵űߣߵǰʾ⣬ȥ
ͷпǼõġ
ͷŸԺб˵
̣ӣ㣬ݶ顭
ÿߵˣڲͬʱ˵ͬĻ
ƹүɷȻѵõˡ
ˣиһôҶˡ
ôүĵġ
һݡ
ݿþվűߣֻȻͺãǰЦӯӯү˶Զˣա
ؼסأʡ
հա
ԤסգǴĶҲ̫࣬ɰֵҵıӣаźͼϡ
СأҪҪҲϣָָżʣľСֲ֪ʲôë
ƥľСһۣҡͷá
Ƚ
أ˻ȥ꣬һİƣɷԺЩѾͷ¿ɲҲʵˣǲΪŻҵİգ
ô롣һɷԺ֣̲סüĵ׾ӿݵ˰ա
иʱ󡭡ֻºչһְġ
ӱ֧Ųסģ˫۾Ϲˡ
ڶհδţɽڱΧˡ
ų£ǻ飬ʱȥǰͷƳʲô¡˵ǰȥ
ʮˣ㣬ҲʮͷűȾһ㡣ȥǰۡ
ݽݶ£ʱٲ˶ģҲЩ
ݶصͷ֪Ʋٳˡ
ԤҪߣǱ߾ˣү˵һ˵ˡ
ûͷûԵһ仰˲ʲô˼ݺͰ׵ġ
ɽһţ鷿ֽϻûϳҲϲ
һۣˣʮʥʦǼҵ¼һȥһٻʱϲѸԤԤˣɳ㡣
ʱӦط˵ǲⵥӣ˵Ŵˡ
һߣɽ塣
ݶߣǰܺʮ΢ЦҲ֪ͼģ֪ء
ЪЪɴʲôˣ
һ˵ʲô۵£󶮡ˮʣݽô˵ߵģֲˣ
ʥʦҪԤƷ㡣
˵ͷϵĵģϻؾ⣬ҲЩȥ
ū֮ǰҲụͳʳߣżŮЩ߻ⶼѰ¶
ݶһͷȥա
ŵϻӳȥ⣬˾ڼɽʯ˵
ү˵ʲôأ
Ÿ㣺ûʲôѽһŰˣûϣŶ˵ˡ
Ǹɽˮѵˣ
ĵ浹Ҳ·־͸һöҶ
Ҿţּֿ񡣡
ү̽ɣλӿƾλںͷأ˵ȴӲ
Цҿίʵúܡ
ɲǣҲүҲϲÿұš
ÿţЦǲˣϽܣ
ٺһЦͬꡱһý
ݶͬ˵ЦۿŸЩ¸ϲ֡
ٰõ׳Ӿ͸ˡ


147 
Ȣ

ǵ, ˾ǰ
ԾԪ۽ʷ̨˾ֳţʷٹ, ˾ԡ
ɡԩԡײ, Կͨ˾ʱ
ǵ裬ǽҲԩ
ЩҲ˾Աѡ, , ÿնʮüԳںгʵǰ
˾, ²ԱδӦ
Ԫ۴, Щͽ׹ԱĹְ֮²Աŷ, һٵĽݾ
˾ǰնģԱֻõ顣
Ԫ۵˾ҪıЧп, Ϊıٺҵ鱻ʵ, һɶְ
Ԫ³֮ÿհʮ飬ЩӾɼ, ܭ
ܭһ, Ҵһɨסˡ
Ԫ۱ǰҩ¯Ųҩ㣬ζ, ۣôдʲô
һܭ, ֣ơ
, Ԫü΢̧ˣӵܶڶǣ۵д顣
ɨۣ֪ܭΪˣۣȻ
Ӽƣعٳְߣ¡
ȻΪ˵ͬ
ܭȻ·𡭡̫ʵʱ˲ιμƣʱ巣Աп˿ʦʳ
ŶԪһ˼
̫ʵãʱӼࡣ
̫֮ʵ۱ڹӼʯʯϿ̵ľϵѧʮ
Ӽѧصع档
ѧϣгɹƾȡʿӼѹԺѧߣʮ߰˶ǹӼѧ
Ԫֿ۵裬ߡһЦˣȸһߣʱǸԱʲôõģ
ܭԴ£Ա
̫ƢҲûףǸԱɱͷ¡
ҪȻμҲְȻ˶ʮꡣ
кζ᣿ҪҪȥʵ
Ԫ۳ȸ£ҪǱҷߡգ߾Ȼѩ뾩
¶˵ļҪ
ǰգѾȥˣμƱ˶յϢ
ʮȴϱѧ棬ӿ̡
۵´ӼУǴһ˽μƿ̸ۣΥ߶ͽڡ
ѧ档
һջܰסüգϢԽԽ㡣
۵鷿յżдʦģҲģȰġ
вֻⱣΡμ̫泯ȫˣʱǼǸǹ׶ۣƷȵ۵ľ
ľ΢̫涨Ļʵ۶ƷˣʲôƷġ
ֻ£ϱδҲûʮİա
αˣμѰʮڼƵλӴꣿβϲʱ¹棿
ºһɡ
ЩģͲָűʦˡ
;ļλڹӼ飬󲮶㶼ѧ۵ĸҲǡ
үΪֶϱɽڣʲˡ
ȵһңɣϳۣβ
ĬȻ󲮲Ӧʡ
үһ٣ȷʵͬ⡣
ѾȥˣүǼҲãӶ˵ػϱӸΪֶͶ£ʹ˴ǹ١
ʱȴӲˡ
ʱ󲮵ͣϱʱҲ࣬Ҿһе
Ϊ쵽ˣЩȥļֻع
޵ģȰģ˼䣬ֵġ
˵˰컰ȵ˽ɢȥʣⲽҲסѵҲ׵¡
Ϊ¾ӮˣҲ
Ϊʲôŵ˼ĹӼ಩ʿҲƸ㵱ơ
㾿Ϊʲô
ۿ˼һۣˣ¶Ѿ龩ǡͷڴ˵˼ԱĴҵ漣һŮˡ
⻰һųȥžǵĵطҡ
˸ɴѡһλţ˵ԺұΣȻЩɫ˫ġɾ㶼˳ȥ˶˼ҵѵǸɣ
ôʣʵ㲻ǵó纲ˣ
ի̿ѧƶӼ෢Ҫ£Ѳ۴򲼶ӳдîĻ
ÿҪŴ֣˼ӣ纲˵׼顣
˼˼ҡҡͷȫȻǵôˡ
ǵˣвûҲû֡
۴һЦܸ½ԥཻ˼䵱ѵԭ
дù㣬ΪμվӵĹԱд۷ۣɶֳɵġ
н̫μƵĵд³ϵģ˵μѧϣ϶аȺӢʦ֮䷶
ЩԽԽ࣬Ϣ۶У֪һμƻƣں֡
Ȼ֪һϵһֱҪ£
Ƚڶ۰£һϵʲô
۷׷ףȻ֪Ϣ
ڼиһ氢ʰҪѣӢǱ߶ѾѩˣѵúЩҪЬ˽ֺͷǿɲЦ
ĸףֿãİգְҲƷ׵ġ
Ʒף㵱Ҳ֪ôĹٶܴӪ帣Ӣ̲̾ס߶ǼҹѾ˼ˡ 
еˣϧҲϵȣ˵ˣҪ涨Ҳ˻ز
˼ҡ֣ȻƬ̣ĨЦɷλޣֻҪ˹ùǶǣ
ۼ⣬һ۱ƼֵĽ϶һ롣
ŤŤġ
ԭǸµúܣ뵹ŤˣֹҪЩ
ѵʹͣģ
һֻۣȢİŮӣΪ̳ϲҴȢӡ
հ̣δС
ذֿΣ̵һͰֳȥ
գӢϣԶԶȥڳЧϿһ֧߹ٵ뿪ǡ
ڱѰֳӰ㣬Ťͷһơ
λװŮӣñסϼ𪣬ֱ밢ࡣ
ӢҲƼˣ̾Ϣһ֪ǲͬһҲ˵ġ
ŸҪջĿ⣬ͼǹĽϣֻһģһĽ롣
ǹ˿Ҳᣬ̣ٿˣͷ뿪ˡ
ӢصУӵӡ
Ӹߣ˼μ磬ȴȥ
磬ûŮصĵ
˼궼û磬ƫƫˣǲ磬ͼŴ椣


148 ̽
Ȣ

ȥף, ѡǳɫƼɴ
üףۣ֬֬ʲôɫԳɫ仹, 鱧ͷ׺ŨƵķС
ȶ˷, üĿԴӢ
ݸصָ˼춼ɽ, ݲҶ, Ŷ
˵Ҫף, ʱʽ㣺ѶԤûУơ
綼Ըˡһ
ϳɫкףٵĵĸ֮, һԶ̴Ƕ
ٿѡΣʣأ
, ơųȡһ٤ľͷǶ֡
٤ľŲ, ʶһƱ̵֪Ķ, 紦
˴ŰŵᣬС£Ըס
ȵףգ˸ؿʱ, ҵѾͷĸʶ, һʱӭͷȥ
ǹأ
޵ŮҲǻңܳһ
·, ƹ԰, 첽ȥ
ϱû椼, Ҳ˵Ϣ
йּһ£һžͱĸͽţĸȰ沺ʱʱȥݼɩ
幫ԴСҲշʱʹͣﶼ¡
½ҵô½ĸ޶ϱ½ҼѸ
½ԥΣû椣ü꣬˵½ԥŮ
û椵Ҫô
СܣȹݣһͼϣѣôۡЦߣ

椾Ҳɫãһõѣͨ֯໨ֻϸӣ«Цӯӯ尢֡
һʱ˵㡭㡭
˿ƤôҲ˵ĸĥ裬Ǹϱǲǣ
ĥҲţ½ԥʡ
Ұܰ綼ˣʲôֻ꣬Ҫ͵ͷҾͻᷢŮ
ļҲ֪޵ŮֻͰھơ
½˵һղһգ׶ʼôĥϱ
ôʣ˵ͷ
ϱ½ĸûĥ椣Ķң
ѰŮӿ椵ӹò
ɰ֪ʲô󣬲½ԥ
ûܣ
취ҵġ˵ǰܻҵ£ᵽ½ԥʱ涼⡣
椵ͷЦһҪ˵ȻҲġ
Ʃ̼ҩְַĸȡ
նҪߣһҪ£һҪȹӣģƫҪϱ˸
沼䣬椲֪˶
½ԥˣ½ĸǻŭȻҪҸ˷椾õѡ
ʱҲȻ»ɷˣһ½ңǾĿޡס
½ԥˣȴûϣʱдЩʵڲ˿ʡ
ֻд½ԥøֻһ䡣
½ԥȴְֵĽ½ҵˣ˭˭˭˵дСοĪҪĸǵ
ÿţҪϸϸء
Ĵյߣʱ룬дţǰٲô˵
֣½ԥ½ΪУڵӪӣܵһпѣ½ԥ㵽Լͷϡ
Ҹ˫Ьƺۣдʱ˵£ҪĸĲܲԹ֮ǰҪƳ
˲ţϣ
ֹסЦ⣺⻹Ǹѧء۾ͳдţǻдЩʲô
ʱ˵ʲôд
椾ҲѧŰӣҲʲôдд½Ҿ½ԥдѧŹܼҡ
½ĸȣ沲ǻʹӣģ椿û˵ѡ
΢΢ſڣŴ椣㡭㡭
˵ʱϲ˵
ᴸһ£ԽԽ֣ɴЦ
һ§ס˰Цһš
Կǳۣ䲻½ԥߣ޾ϸŸˡ
椳õ֣ʰˣôͱѣ⼸սͷöգ
Ϊҡ˿õ͵ڱߣ磬ǼǸҲɵأ˵̫泯ʱ£ɵӵ󣬾Ҿᡣ
ҲĪҪ̫ĽˣͷʵҲѹܡ
ӹõ֣ʲô£
椵Բ۾㲻֪ӣ½ԥһǼǰˣǷѾ˵¡
Ц⽥ʣǺ£
ԾʧԣˣȻҪ˵ģ飬μơμơ
һϵôҵģɲˣͷۣҲ˸ֻ˵Ӽơ
ʾɱ鲼Ұɵɲͱѡ
½ԥ֪椴Сһ䡣
ţζûڡ
ֲң߰ˣ椶ӵ½ԥţȴʲôҲ֪
һ޾Т˹ѣͷĹٷһҲʶãȷʵ֪
һɫ֪Щʲô㣬㵣ģǱҲﲻæء
ĵȴֹסҡͷӣϵϹӡ
򴽣΢Цһ£лң˵ˣһڹ
ס֣ɱƢѽҪæ
֪Ĵ椡
ϻҲˣʲôϢҲ͸¶Ҳȸһ
ϸɫϹȻûŭ⣬˿Լİ컵£ҪǷ޲ͣǿɾˡ
ֶ԰˵ˣĩңԲǿɾѼˡ
Ϊ椸ˣʲôֻҪ⣬ĺҶ㳩죡
һʯûԴ椾׮¡
ңڳУӿһϳûЦ⣬ҪҪóת
ֱӻḮȥ
ҧҧػȥܽɽܹô
û϶ţʲôҲ֪ѵҪ߷Ÿ̽ӲУ
۽ղţɽȴûˡ
Խǲּڦ۵۾Խ࣬пʾ²ճ˵͡
һµ˵͡
⻹Ⱳͷһʾã뽫¡
Ȼԭ֣ھԪ˺š
ۿ˵׼˻֣Ӷ¡
۾һأ˵ȴϡ
ֱ˼ٴεţĴҵĻ۵潫̯
üͷ΢壺ʲô
Իˡ


149 һ
Ȣ

, ֪˼Ҫûˡ
ִյһ٣̧üǺ⣿
ô֪ģ
˼õϢĬ۲֪, ۵˽, ֪£Ὣ뷢
ĽƢ, ա
ȤЩ, ͷᡣ
˼佫׶, Թ۶, ִԼ˱裺Ҫҵˣֵĸϡ
ѹ, ˼лִϸȣʱֽҡüҺЦ
ǴḮҪˣ֪۵µ, ʴ˳˹Ż֮, ˼仹һϻպıʯ
˼ǲԸմֵģߵĹ¡
׶нӹϻӣƿϻ, һʱ, ˼ȼһ㣺ǸֵģЩôǸɩ˵ġ
Щ˵̫ףֱܲķ, ̺˺üգ
ƾһϻʯ, ٰʮʫ澶ˡ
ͻȻ, ⧲һʱ벻˭˵š˲¼ɣ᲻Լųȥģ
ǵū澣
˼书һū;ۼҵĳҲܽⷢˡ
۵üਿڲ裺֣Ѿǵĵط춼һˣٸҲȥʵôҸǲŪˡ
ҪŪˣֿջϲһ
˼²յɣ˾ް٬֮⣬˽½ӣһҲᴫȥġ
аԣ˵Ĺ
˵زֻʣ˭ܸ֪հɣ⡭ǴĶŵţ
˼ЦˣʵӦȥĩָӸꡣ
񣬽ݡ
˼ĿкЦ֣з˼ء
ʹʱԤУһΣġ
Ϊ˲ǣ´Եֻ˵ǴӴ鵽ġ
һʱѱ٣ó³ʤ鵽ݵ˵׼˼仹͵ɲ鵽ּҡ
ݣʶְ
ۻ߼ѾͷֻͨЩ߰ˣ˵ʫҲдġ
˼Уڲ׾ҵһʫ澣ɾӣ͡
ۿɫ֪ʲô˼俪ڣղɣӻĸѾͷǶȥˣݵҪҵˣȻȥ
ɿ˵ָָ꣬ϵĹŻʯЩĳܣֻջȥա
˼ֻվܴݣǿ
ֻһּȿϳ֮պұлر
֣ˡ䣬ͼ˼ߵĹ΢΢˿
ˣֻ¾ݵĸס
һ˼Ҳܻ䣬ʱĸףʹžۣҲǹһ
˲ԹŻ䱦֮һᱻТ򶯡
˼ЩڣӦ
ǹӶô˵ˣѶ˼˵ǧٻصĻ˵һ飬ڵ棬СֻټŮһ棬ȫԲ
δ˵꣬һ֣һŮñ߽ʯš
˼ңһۣһУ׼ǸѩɫѵŮӣˣϻڱԷǰҲ㡣
תҡЦҪԸˡ
ɫ䣬ĵ΢̧ʾ⣺
ԱϿ̣ʱ⣬첽˳ȥ
ݵ£ɽ֪ϸ̸ôãĿܲ϶֡
¶ûô򵥡
սɽã޺ǰ¡
һ˸ñڽ»ˣ˵Ҫҵ˾ǸУһݽȥ
ŲյҪϲ衣
ϥһвյۿҪ
ۼֿ죬һУסݵĸ첲ִнӹյ鵽Сϡ
ϸžһ졣
ģԵػ
ӦһŽݣڷɻ⣬˼ţùŻʯ˵ϸ˵ˡ
Ѿͷе£Ƕݵһ֪Щֻ˵أ
죬ѽһ¶
ͷȥݣ㣿
֪ţղ֪ΪϷף첽ȥסĸ첲
ݶյСģ⻰ȴüٷߵѾͷҲ뿴ܿģ
򴽡
ܿԽ
ھҲôѧ۵ӣƣȵչȥػ
ûô
ǽ˸ߣ˼䲻ưոݣİ취ݡ
ҪһݵķӲС
һ˼⣬̧
ּôЩѾͷһ
˼ţҪҲǼѾͷָҪݡ
Ŀ⻬ÿһ˵
棬סݡݶǣڰ󣬿ֿǸ
̵ͷǽʱӺǣǼģ
ѾͷЩΪ˺ˣߵĶ˵˵ЦЦһ򣬾һ
ҡҡͷʵ벻ϸڣһﶼñأɵ㿴ҲֻѰˡ
ݸһһġ
ף֪ˣȥŰա
˳ȥ
ָָ㣺ݰѻһ
󾪣ָԼ΢죺ң
ף㡣
ҲֻǴӳݸģ˶࣬ݶ̫Сֻн൱
Ҳ׹Ҫܴܲ鿴ͷɲ²⣬ݶھﷸˣ
ɷ׵һᡣ
ԭʲô¶ҽһȻҪ
ʱȹá
ҲӦ־ȥݵȹﻹкݶæ
ݶӦûʲôðֵģϸģ´һأűӡ
Сܵ㷿УԹз˫Ьӳ
ȹܻŵĴСɲһݴϳѣ˫ɫЬӡ
ǻȹЬѣЬӲͬ
ȹһ˫ƶЬӣۼܿ
ÿͳͷǴУ˫ɫһġ
Сβͣ㵽ĶĶݶűߣʵϸ
ݽҼáݶ붼û룬Ьӱȥ㻻ϡ
ɵǼŪлдʣܿʰˣߵǰ˿ĭȥˡ
´һأȥգĪšͰĴʶ˵
¶ڣҲڡ
һ䣬仹㷣Ҳסȥ
һǽ㣬סˡ
ɤӣ߰ա
ſڽ࣬⡭ͷĶƵüٷˣֻƼĻ
ȥ
ٷ˵Ӵ
˿ĭݽ롣
ң벽
ȥ£ݶסĿڣҴһʱš
˿ѾͷһЦݶˣһ
ݶȻͼ㲻ţùϵüҶû̧һ¡
һ澴һ桰һ裬һȥˮ衣
ڲ跿ˮ̺ͷˮȣ鷿ȥ
̻̣һ·һ·ж
ĶһݱǷµģҪý
ֲ÷ŷɽ˵ǵҪȥˡ
ɽµģ˾
ȥʲôģ鷿˽֪ۼǽ㣬һűصӣˡ
ֻ˵ˣ˵˭ˡ
Ȼ첽ţЦӣˣ˼仰
䲻£ȻҪʵģѷŻµʱҲ˹ȥ
˼ңңˮȣ˱Ź⣬ƲüֻۣܼһѩɫӰӡ
һֱͷСҲ̧ͷ׳ŵݣ밲
һ·߶䣬˵һİͶ
۾һִ̧ȥ
˼ȵȻսⲻ
̩Ȼһ裺


150 
Ȣ
ⲻ
˷·˵
Σ, ʱͷģȶӴ
֪û֪үһһơҪ, Ҫ죿
˭֪˷·Ϭ, ôүҲôˣ
˼佫㿴, Ȳ, ڵʣʲô
һ飺պǡס֦ӵĹ
һң
򺼳, ҵ岨ҡ
һ, һ䣬Դ
Щ, ǷŰǰõĴʶ
ˡ¡ʱ䣬ܶԵϡ
ǰս´ûȣϱͨ޸ⲻס, οСˡ
ԭ, Ҳ̣˼ϸһЩͨϳʶҲܴ
˼֪, ¡
´, Żָ棬ʱȴ̾ӣǱûˣ, ǰ׹ص, ˼լԺʡ
˼ɫࡣ
ɨ۽㣺ȥա
ɴ, ɿ˳űߣͰ;ȥ
֡
ۻδ䣬˼ţǶ
ںͷͷṫĪҪ֡
ɫΪ裬ҡͷЦ֣֮ˡݵ׵˿ģ
ԽҲģԽǷļϡ
Ҳ֪ǿػ𣬵ıǣҾ˳ȥ
ִյ裬ۼ̽ͳɽŸ²յɽȥ
һ·һ·˼⣬˼便ǴĶõţ
һˡ
ȹϵأһƣֻ¯˿޺ϡ
ʱǲŸջؼô򣬹Ȼ˼ҳѡ
⵱ڣﾹŻѣ
һϸǼĺɫýͬɫĿӣһȷŻȹܻÿ
һִڴӭϣһͬү߷ơ
Ų̧ˣ
˼뿪ɽܿ
ɲ˼Ҳǣ˸һͨǷ׺õģһҲû깫Ӿ£һûˮأһƵˡ
˵Ȼ˵һ磬һ󡰷衱
ܱ˼ˣɲǷأ
˵Ļɫͷ˹㡣
ȥʱף鷿Ǽ仰ͽһëͣ΢죬飬˫ֱڡ
Цʲô˿ҲˣӴ
㰮ĳͷӣ㶼ѣҪһ˿Ѿˡ
һݶȥݵˣû¶ˡ
ֽű֫ǽӻס
ݶǰıοƹģžǽ¶ڣҲ㽻ȥġ
ҪΪʲô⻻ôһѣ
ѾҪӲӲ뷨ΣҪ첻ȥҲɵҰ
⡰ˡУҹӣֻҲСү
ǹүҪˣҲϵġ
΢ſ۾ͷ֪
֪ŸϣֳΪ˸ү֣ǷҲ¡
ᶯ
ݶһۣүˡݣҲæ˼ǽŷ˳ȥ
ͷǽ
Щ⣬Ѿˣ֪ʶȤģ͸˳ȥ
ĸѾͷվˣûаķԸ˭Ҳû
ʱ΢̣¶һ˿Ц⣬ףȥա
ݶݣŸȳȥߵſڣŤͷ˰һ˼ǡҾ⣬ʲôһ
⻹СʱİţǺҪѵܻôȥ氢ȱ
źͰȫҶǰľȱ
£⵱Ҳ̲ס΢΢һЦ
Ц⣬ҪȱԼԼľȱ
⼸ѾͷĹ۾ǰͬﲻͬһʱ˵
ԭӦ͡ǵȻϱӾ
ûϣ䷭ҳȴתݡֻпߵˣп֪ݵ¡
˼䲻ǴʳģǾ⡣
ס˫Ŀۣͼü
ѽǺôĵӡߵߣ븧޷
ָ˿ϼȦֳȥ˻ŻһʱֻܲС
ǲűסס˲Ӳٶ
ĵеۣô֪ƽʱȴҪ졣
ֻ˵˰в죬Ŷ㿪
ҡͷСأһĺ
һܿף̧ۿۣЩǸȻ˼
һ۾͸ԵúˣݸɫҸҪ뷨֧㵹ãôˣ
ҲɫǲݵģʲôӣֻҪ֧֪ݾߣΨа˴
ֵס˼δչ棬֪һЩҲǴ˵ġ
ֻ˵˼䣬ͳ׼˼ΪºƢԡ
ˣ׼
ΪҽǰļǣĶԲߣ֪ǡ
һһҪ˵Ŀ⡣
Ժĺɫû󶯾ݶ˾ŵƸ˶ڵµĵ
һŵһֻһֻյýǰһƬѩɫ
ڣ˭ţ
Ϣôȥģ˭ȥģǸıţ
۲֪˿˿أһ˼鷿ʱѾ뵽˽ڡ
¸̫үǱӣûйϵ
ͣһһתȥѾͷƣſƣԺм˵ľٶ۵ס
ݶ
ϲ̵ǿ˿ҪʲôʽС
ݶ֣£ŲԼһڣιһڡ
̾ؿ࣬жæ
ڿЩˣڿ
գǵ Ծˡ
δ֪һ᳹顣߼ѾͷЩӼ˭˵ʲôҪ顣
˵áְ˻ȥֻҪͷɾͻĬ޹أ˽һ
ԸҲٴη
ϢϢأ˭鵽ЩʲôҶҪ֪º˵ǵʱҪ֪
ͷ콥˸ҽƣֻܽһ˿
һͶڰУۡ
ü΢ʵԸЩ·Ű͸ǵĹӣʱͳɽǾȥɽ
ȳТֻ֣Ҫֵù֣Ҳ
ɣңҾԼȥ顣
ͷͻȻһµҡ˻ΣǹҲҡҡҷҷ
˼Ƭ̣Ӧá
Ӧˣȴϲ⣬ǼӦõ£ȴҪӦʡ
ȥˣ


151 
Ȣ

ݶˮµơ
˵, ˮƵСɺã˾ɽܵĵƣЦݶ, ǿ˿, ҿɾи
ݶõȹӣĻЩ, ׵ǵ, ȻҪи
ݶӦһ, 㿴ƵƵ, Цİգµô, Ҳûûֵġ
޲ˣܺú˵ģǶǺ÷ˡ
Ҫһ˵үǿǽɷ
ںͷ, ʽ㣺, 㷽²£
ѽô£ѿڶ˻ִ𣬡Ҳûô¡
¶ڣҲƲġ
ʱ, ݴ, 
ݶɲʱ˿¶ЦӰŵǰȥ
Ƚȥĵƶ, һƬ͵ȥɫ, ȴƲʲô
˴Сһ鳤, üͷһӾ֪ʲô
ȴƲǺǶа⣬Ϸﳪϲŭɫ
ү˻֣ôҲˡ
ʳ˷һֱҼţ˷ԸϽȵƣٴˡ
ݻƬ̣ˮϴ£ĵһЦֽӹ̺õꡣ
һЦ԰СԲﻹմ׳ԣ
Բصġ
רף尢Щٻʳ
ǹۣҲûȣһֱТء
ЩϸС£Ѿͷⶼ
ԭ⣬ôҪݺãԸɣҲȥ
񰢱׹ЩѾͷԽǵӲŻԽù
ۿӣǽĲ˲ƢθóµҪҪͼӣ
һۡ
ḮЩģҲֻаһֲˣ֪ٷҪġ
۶Цˣ£ûٸҽࡣ˰¶һңĸһ䣿
С£ӲڰУԪۻÿиء
ҪһͼСӣͰ
ݻʣҪϺؾƣ˶ʲô¶˵
ؾƶǱǽ۱ģҲЩģɮᶼãТҲֻܱТϣؾƶٺȡ
Ҫѵĺľصġ⻰ǰ˵ġ

۵ɫ
۵ʮ˾ʥ
Ťȥ졣
סϸܵģĸоӿ
֪ǶţѾͷȻ£оֹ㶼ҪԷΪ
ؾӦڵĵĹһϻƬ̵Ĺ򣬳з۶ˡݻ˼һʳ¡
úС¯һƣ氢һ
ѾͷһۣЦү̸¶ǹȥˡ
ɫҹ
ֻųԣһ¹̫壬ƫҪġ
¶ǣ࣬¾յ̾һ
ۺЦţԵŮˣػôףƫƫﷴӿϲ
ָⲻ΢޷
ƫƫѾڣֻӲס
ȰͼӺͰ˿˴룬ֺƣ̧üͶЦ˫ĿЦ⣬ðٿǻԣŷ
ðŷѩ˰ֻȫԼ
ʱҲôġ
һ˵۾ôı仯
ЦҡͷһѾƣЩԣҪҪЩˣ
ˮյɫγڱУһת뱭оơ
ֱ룬Ŀɲ¡
ôû
Уòڴʱʫ䣬϶־ȴδʫĻ̫ס
Ҳֲѧʱѡ
һоƣʲôʲô̽ʲôռϷ·磬ȫ׵Ժȥ
Ҫһж̯˵
ǶȥգЩʰ
ȻѾͷſۣ¶˵
£֣أѵݣ߻һݡɣ
üʱˣԼûڣſء
ɽ̺ƣԭǱһӻҪ˵
۸磬Ц⣺ã˵ϴ
Ҫڣȥ⴦˵׵ȥ˵
˵̧Ⱦȥ֯ڵɫŹ⣬ſ⻻һ
Ҫ˼䲻ϰݣִΣ
ŻúЦСŮԣʱЦ⣬۽ǣݡ
ѾϣҲȥڵʵʵ
ڴг֡
۲һ٣Ǻ˰գ
պй⣬һʱƲǲǳˣ۳ͷߴ
۰ߵǰվǰҪڣһС
ɺ֡ٹ£ôֶɡ
ɿĸ첲£ɫμһء
ٿؽס
£еǣеĲǡ
ǰ㣬ȴ΢΢һɺԣ֮ܡ
Ҳ£Ҳμˡ°ͣƶ˵Ҹμǲǣ
ԣ͸ǸΡ
綯ɳɳ졣
۾ʧɫԭء
̹֮ǰҹģշתߡ
̹֮󣬻δۿڴȻһɨӶ̧ͦͷ
룬Щ˵ǣ
ǿ³ˣȭͷ߬ţһ˫۾ۡ
侲Գ֣ػһ䲻¾գнѵ£±һ
ôҲ벻ǰԵСӣҲ֪ϱӵ¡
ԾܿĿ⡣
֪һ˫ۣҲΪϱӴʧ˫۾ûڡ
ʱ˫۾Ʒ˿¶
ΪֻһΡ
񣬳סأߡ
ⷽʣס¶ҹһǵסǣҲסһнҪ¶ܡ
һ
ţ֪ҲµǳμһС
μСǷޣȴɡ
ü΢ֹǲɣ˵ɽ
˵ʱ޲øԶû˴˿Ļᡣ
ֻ˵ſڣ飬ӿĿҲǸΣһҶĿ
ᣬ򽾰Ҳ²޶꣬ʶ
͵һ䡣
䣬ü΢䣬ʣ֮󣬱ˣǲǣ
Ŀһǡ
Цʢ˫ס
Ȼƶϵһ׼ˣЩβŻᡰ׼
һǸǡѿڶôţʵڲġ
ȻҪ㡣
ҲǻԣȷʵҪȥ
ЦԽԽ࣬εģг죬ͲסꡱЦ
ҵңΪʲô˵ס۵ѴӣԶߡ
§סӵ˸ʵʵָⲻסĦĸ첲ҲЦô㣿ĿҵĴţ˵˸ΣμŮӡ
ҪˣɫߵҾĶ
ģһǸ档
˫ȭͷҰסô˵ǲ̽ɣǵϴ
ۻУԽԽЦŤ뵽ſ汻һϵģЦֹס
§סҲ᲻ֻǴһ˾ˡɼȻμдͷȻҪ׼
ġΡΪ屼Ĵ˵ģ
۱Щ˵ֻ游Ǳ¸游δ£ǿʢŲС
źͷ游ߵʱ¶úãʱҲǰĵġ
۵ĿŰıۻסУֻúȣܸܵ𶯡
˴ҹҲһ֣Уӡ
Ҳƽҹܡ
ʲôҲͬô
С۳Ƭ̣ſڣԵдҲ޴󰭡
Ʃְλø죬бƲ
ʲô
幫ġ
Ҳμˣ֪в˹ģۣǲˡ
ôɻ󣬡Ǽ½ֵӣ˵£
ܵûӰҲøﱨŲǡ
ĸڣԶΣαз
С֪ĵȴиĸ£뵽Ҫҡͷ
ǣҰ֡ȥյ۶ߣв²ۣ幫еĲ֡
üͷ壬棿
㼱У촽飺ǲµģұΪϲ˹ŮйŮС
˽Ľ˫ɶԡ
Ϊ˰ﺫ뵽ģܸߺıҾϤдˡֻҲˡ
ߵ佫࣬ҪٶѼĹ
ҪҪǺ幫ЩЩ
Ļӡ
֪£Ҳ̲ס
ǣЦҡͷûУ¶Ҳĳˡ
ֻϲҪǣ
ǳɺãǲɺãǼģҪȻҲΥ̣
۵ɫˡ
±󱻾¡ģջдŸ֪£üһ˵
ЩҪЩҡ
۲˵գ˵ʱһԶ
椸ң㵯μƣʾɶ㣬ҪЩҲûиң
Ȼ
ε֪˵ˣ½ԥд˵ģ½ԥô¶дڼ
ٿڣֵɻģ¾ܻ
ϻػưЦΪջΪ˴˲ɡ
زٵЦˣ˼ã֣صҾʹģӽ󣬶
ģΥģΥģҡ
Υģ˵ЩֶϽŵĿԣұ㵽ҵȥ
Ŀɫһ᣺á
һִ࣬ҹ֮УüԶ


152 һ
Ȣ

Ъʱ, ˵˲Ҫ˽̺ѾͷҲҶЪš
ݽ£ݶ, ȵƴӡ
д, ٿֱСű߹šûͷķԸ, ִЦ
ݶ˫ֺʲ, 𣺡¿ɺ, Ƕˡ
үõ, ôһ׮¶ҹȥ
˻, ͷӣӻɫ˿ָⷭɴ󣬺ܿ
ݶùôӣ淭, ϲʲôʱôˣֺֿ, ϸ£˿ѧĶ١
ҸͽǴġֳЩ˿ӡ
ûһֻ¯ӹ, ƼݶñЦҾ֪ȥԼ, Ͻһ
ҹ纮żаҲֲס̽һۣ˯ȥգ˵˲Ҫ, ٹʹˡ
, ȻϨ˵ơ
ݶûԼȥ, ȥݡ
֧Ӧһ󣬶ʱӿͷڴϣ͵
ߣһˣ㻹ʲôĵģ
ҡ˸ͷȴ˵ȥµûꡣ
¶ûꡣ
һؾѾôﲻ˼䲻ģȥֵþ˽֪Ḯ»ô
ɵͷЩ˷ࣿ
˼ȥֻһ·ߣǹԸⱣҲˡ
סӵ֣סһݡ
ϵҲˣ˳ڵ񵥣йļױӺׯͷϵĳϢҪ̸
ֻݺ£һ§סã㣬˻ůЩء
ڶһ磬ݱԤϴõˮڶ¯ϣֱȵͰ
Ÿ첲ʣأ
үһˣԺ߹ٲùֶ飬ȥˡ
ҹϤϤһֱֵҹڱģǰϸϸΡ
Խ֪Ķ࣬Խ̤ʵ
οʼ
ʲôͷ˿ݶϸ˿Ƶϡ
ҲеĶԷȫһ
һ⣬۱㿨סˡ
أô޸ҵģ
һµȥȼڴϣǻСҼףҲҼףȻѡ㡣
üֱ׳˵ʲô
֪СʲôʱģԺûˣڳʱͺܲ
Ǽֲǲ֪ĵϸƭƭҲˣڿˡ
ԴԸ£㽫̫ӡ˵
սʱ㰵̫Щ֪ͷ£Ͳ֪ˡ
ƽȣٹƱãյ⣬վͳ壬ɱָСġ
ʶ૵ԭͷġ
밢䳣ͨţɰЩдڼ
ﵽҹ۾˯¡
ʱͼҹѵֻʣС£ѩ׸첲籱˯
̽ѾͷǶҪ
ֱ˯ѣһ⣬յĸǱ߻û밲
͸밲ģƫƫ˼
үһ밲ʱѾˣ˵ҹͼСЩθȣˡ
˻Сһأ«ˮðһ
Сűţ֪̰˯δЦͬݵүҲǣ˵ķ˲Ҫҽء
ҲЦүٷ˼û˵˺ð޵Ļ
Сһףֻ˵ûص£ȥȻҲôˡ
ɿֶ밲žû˯õģ˵Ļ죬𰢱ģҲɣ¶Сʤ»顣
ӣҲ⼸£ٹѽ׽ǲҪء
˶˲ɳТٵȵȣʱУٵϰꡣ
ˣôٵȰꣿأһТ㻳ϣҲú꿪
ѧѧӽá
㲻֪ǵ죬꣬Ǿһ©ˡ˼鼱ǵӵǡ
ⲻҪȡ
õȵȻҪȡ˴˴裬˵ˣҲҪŽʣɵͬ룬ǼҲܿ磬ҪǴӣǵȳµġ
Ҫͷ̥ǶӣٲҪѧΪ٣Ǿ͸ϸˡǾ仰˵죬ʲô˵ó
үû٣ʱͳ¡ο̫үһߣž͹˺ü죬ܲЩ
ΪȻǺǣܿүٷˣܿСүСС㡣
ʱ˱㿿޺ߣŲѣȻԸСгЩ̶ȥ˵ָĿڣ̶̫ţա
СţʱͼһˣҲû
ôʲô¶СʳнС
ҡͷûʲô£ֶ䣬ֻݽͷ̺򡣡
˿ױǰͷἸ±óݼմһմľ¶
ٳûڡ
Ҳ£̧ͷһ۾еİִȥ
ǰȿڣݣ벻ȥߣ
һ߬Ӿ̧ͷ
ҲǲҪˣǾҹǸɺϡԽ˵Խ˵㣬ſһζ
ĵĹӣֻҪ˼һ죬ݾͻֻȡ
߱ǱҪ࣬Ҳǹլͷ£ǰӣ˼־ٳҲ첻Ƕȥ
ôȥҲˣ͸ĶȥԻдһŸ㵽˾Ͱլ¡
ǰ޺ͷһͽ˺޲ù˶ھͿʼԤЩʱĳʳδá
иеƤëϣ͸ɫҩԤˡ
ʱʱһⷿǣϸغˡ
ӻסݣ󰲶ˣҪеˣǾͼޣҸױ㿴
ҧ棬ǰһнӣ䣬뿪ҡ
û뵽ﶼѾˣﻹϱӻ
뵽ˣǾ仰ҷףѡ
ŮΣ˼ֻҪ룬ܰۻȥ
Ǹңҵ£ҵȻҪܡ
ͽ׳ȥۣ
ݰӻˣ֪˺ô
ĶزҪ·£ߵԤˣүȥѺĩ͸ó
Ĩ᣺Ըȥȥ֮󣬾үҵĸһ㿴
֪ĵľǸ׵뿪ߣΪҲֻ£һÿվ͸дţүʲôʲôΣһһ֪
òһˣǱֻô
ףġ
˵һ۴⣬ʣ˴˿̽㣿
Ȼʧ˵ͷţ
һס⼸ѾͷҪͷ߶㲻ţһЩҲǱȥҲʱ˵ӾʹЩ
Ȼͷһʱ벻˭ͷšҪߣ֮ǰǸ˾


153 
Ȣ

Ҫ뿪ȥ, ֻۣҲû˵
ӿڿֲˣ, ĵķ¶м
۵ͷҲ, Ȳš밢ıϡ
ݲżʰ˵, ӽеСżʲ, ʣʲôʣ
ˡЦ, ֶҲѧò, ЩҲý㡣
˵ǽӣȴΪǽ̵Ҳѧ㲻ͳô
æʱ򡣡Ц, һǹүǶÿ»һԡ
£ЩŹ, ݴӲ˽, ޲Ǹǰܰǡ
һϷ͸ӡǶģ붼׼Ҽ񣬻С޸֮͵
һǹļױӻׯصĳϢǹ˽, Т, һǵϲµĲӡ
һ
֪ܸɣû뵽ܸɣ˿ĭôࣿ
һЦһ˵һǸ˵, Щǵϵ
ڹǰ, ĴѾͷļҳ, ǵɷֶ£
һʱ벻ģӾ֪
ֻ̫̫࣬Զûܼꡣ
ӱùŹ֣һôණ飺ΪԼһ˰ô£Ҳѧţ÷ֵЩ
裬һ̯ĸɫӡ
ģЦץ˰˿ǡ
סǿ飬ӳţôе㺢
Цţˣӵ˲°գҿܻϲ
ڿִȻϲҲ˹ĴҪúõһҳһҳˣûݵĿʲôԵġ
ݶŸıӰǣߵ·ϾһЩ꣬һ鹾˵ûꡣ
ջĿ⣺Ҫá
ЩѾͷٳţɽѰҲͷߡֻиͰ󲻴ȴССѾͷ磬ۡ
ݶϸǱƳʲôݲ¶Ҳ͸¶䡣
ַһҳóЩʶģıʣӡ󡣿벻һ֣ܼǸ߰˰ˡ
ҼţҲţ
ߣЩǲû棿
лˣĻпѽЦˣСӲܻһһ沦һ˵üأһƼǷָء
ǻССҡģЩǻɵϵ
ٰ䣬סҲǾѫĶĴֻɣ
ȥģ
ǰգҲȷţҲЩ
ǲǮģ㰮оܸȣЩ֬ͼͷĶʻ࣬Ӹ﷢ܹǼϻ
ôҲо
ݸҪҡͷЦˣǰ򱾻ӣЩõĸҪѡ
Ȳ˵ˣҪʨӹ򡣡ҲǰˣļҷȹӵĻҪʨӹ
ͷĴѣ뷭»
ӱһӵͷĵطϸְѾе
СŽ㺰ң
ɵУݶ˳һǵݸ뷳ȥ򼸱ͷ廨ӡ
һӦˣаǶ졣
ҪЩģҪ׵ġ䣬ҹǮͷֲӣüǮ
⵹֪Ƕۣ֬ҪôǹǮҲ£ٻȡǡ
ɿķɫҲԸˡ
ݵͷͭ壬ڴʣʲôСģ
ڱˡǮͻ㡣
˶ʮöͭ壬һʲôǮѽǮš
һᣬְѻƻˣٴ֧õıʣҪϸĻģɬӶ費
ǮٺЦϣ
ݿȥϵЦѸٵȥǾĿڣš
ߵʯɽӱϣסվʯɽг֣ݽʲôȥ
򼸱ӣټ֧õıʡ
ӣ
֪˼գ۶İգ¶һҲû©
Цˣɲܽн֪˽
ֵͷأģҾ˵⼸ջҪҴȥô
۾һ䣺Уϻ˵÷ĺҶ˼öҪǮ
Сԣûɹ渣ּۻҲ˼
ٴ򼸸ոһ㡣
ɣǻſڼ
˵ˣɢ
밲ȥǶɢ˰գƵʱ֡
ͼӲ˵ƻڵ´̣ڸϿΣķ巿ģһϡḮûּң˽˵÷
ѧΣЦʡ
ӳֲ̾ùǰ˵ѧ࣬һѧˡ˵ˮϴ
ݷ裬ͳյݣֻиͽоڻǶ
ŲյȲ裬̧üݶ
ҪǸŵģ˼䵱ʶɸʮꡭ
Ҳһˣ˵׼Ǳʲôˡ
ȴߵĿʼŲ飬Ҫ߼ܾţ˸ײˡƿǣƲһƲϸĭ£һš
ǡ
ڶ˶ЪΣ̶žţۼڻɵ軨Ĳӣֵ˸Сȥ
ɴ򿪲˵ӣزǮ˰˿ݸȥ
Ǯĳӣ˶
ϲ̽ӹǱŻȥ໨СͶǮһöһöͶ
ÿͶһ£һֺǡ
ȫͶȥˣСҡͷͭǮ죬Ц
˸ΪǮǮģ飬ӻһģ̳Ƶġ
̰ѾйȥǺƭģȫ˳
ݺܿ챨оӡ
ݾ˵Ӵüã÷ģģ˫ģʤģɿ졣
ȥεúܡ
ԭּʱݶҲӣűоʱյ˿ϼǮҪ˵ȷпɴϾҾͲѾ˽ˡ
̸߲飬ǲֻһɣǣɡǣҸ˸ţЩӣʲôطȥ
ǡӦȥ졣
۵Ƶʱֲ
ֱֱɽãǰͣ½Ųɫīı´ҹ¶ݡ
żһζǼ⣬ϲЦտǳˣ
Цˣӵ飬ڻﻹż
ʱ򿴼ֱ߸ճ̯죬⻹ͷһǳӡ
ӾɽϴСͷСŴ
֪ϲʣס̯Ҷ·紵ˣһֱڻУһ·ϻؼ
ֽȥȺӣָһָůŽһ룬ůůӡ
ӵĹ򣬰ѽղ鵽¸ۡ
һһͷǵ̼ţ˼ɣʲôط
δ˵꣬žһ졣
ָֻͷӿǣͷ⣬һףѾԸˣأͷΣ


154 
Ȣ

ѥ, ˵úͻЩɿӻʵ⼸գйٸ, ĪҪš
Ķ鿪, ѹ˼գҲڳЩ¡
ôأǼ, ŰȥӪ, ۼߵıͱѺȥĽ, ڴӪ˵°
ϰ, ǱվŰ
ӲʮӴȥ, ƤѪֱ
ֻ㣬ǡ᲻̣ĶԵӣҶһ, ۵, һˣľ
һ֪ˣЦᣬֻҹȥ, ʵѡ
ĳ佫Ͳͬ, ǵ˰ӣǾҪ
磺Ĳᰤ򣿡
»ʱ̷ͼܻ, ʮȵ, Ǿֻг, ûнˡ
ҪȻ·ķƤƤӾ𴸣ܸסۡ
Ц´ĳ
ǵûУӦûУҪУҲϢͨģܻ䡣˾ǣҲֻɱ
зİղϵۣ¶йô
ۿˣ§ڻУİգ߰˳ɵİա
һͷ߰˳ɣӮҪ߰˳ɰյʤ̶ȥǲǵСˡ
˵̧ͷͼ˫۲Ȼй⣬ֵʣôˣ
Цҡͷ¡øġ
˶ȰҪðգն࣬ζǵֻۡамɰգ˵ǳӮ̡
ƶ۷̫򵥡
ȥ˾ǵܻգҪǵջزҲĪҪţһգĸǱ߷㿴ˡ
ӣҼҳʱ˺üƤȥҳ
ӴͷûͷûԵķԸӦһ
Ƥʲôۿû˼ӣӰüϸͷһƤмҪɾιС
⣬ҸһҪأ
۲ƹŸȻˣƫ⡣
΢ͷɣΣҲȻֻǳζѡ
˵ף⼸վճԺȥ
ɽǰЩ컹վĵģֻȸˣֻδϡر½ԥΪ٣ŵ
˽йȥְҲϷǲˣϡ
һ룬һ˵
˿ʹһƤʲôѥãҪҲǣֶˡ
Цĸףⶨġ
Ļ᲻֪ҲԶ֡ƤҲô꣬ЦӯӯŰŻǵТҲʱϡ
˵ƤԤŸɵƨõģ־û¶
顰ꡱˣҪĸײڣܶ٩䣬ǱѩΪȡ
̫ãůģĸŮ˾ů￪Ŵͷŵһܾջ
˼ӿţӵ٣ʱһȥġ
ࣿ⡣
ȥϼҶȪȴдࡣ˷˷ϻӣֻģµˣѡ
üТҲô١
Тһ£벻һ£ȥʱڻϻӡԺа̧ľӣһ̧Լľջһ̧ڱ͵ľջ
굽ʱˣһ̧ľϣֻ˼衣
⡱һ¡
˼ҾôǲǶ˵۵ʦ£ҪƲϵ
˵߰˳ɰյģһľջ֪ڱգܳ߶ѡ
֪Т㲻߶šһԲȥ
ϸӣż˼⣬һŽ¶ɫ̧ü顣
ġ
ҿûлĽ飬ȴдú̾գȥϼ;ջ
пɵԺӣҪϼԾϸɣϼ֣ԺжӺҶ;͹ʱڡ
ɫԣô˭ӣ
˰ӵݹȥĬĬˣ㡭ȥһ𡱡
ĵôӵûģˣ
Ǽҵû͹ֻһӣ
Сأ˰ջѩ
ңһ
ü۲ֻ̧˵ͷæϵĻơ
˿ﰵͷ͸סźãԸСҲذջȥͬɫľͺá
ҵӣ˵Ļʧʱһ˼ңŸҽŮ޹ȥ
һ紵ݶҲȴʱ˻
û˵ǰջôɣСͷԸӰѾջᵽϣһڣŻĻӣʱ
˻ߣ²ĸҪɩɩ̸һ̸ҵ¶ϷˣȥԼԺС
ҪԭҪȥ֪ͣǹߡ
˸Ƴţ˾͸²յңͷʲô£
գգ۶
ҪͬһҲסԺУҲˡŶӵƢز߰ͷ¡
ƢƤӵ£᲻ʡ
ɽɲʱɲʱ壬ںԺҲ֪
˵ۡ
Ӷֱ˭һӼ಩ʿƷСĹ٣ܵ˭ȥʲôҪմЩ
ĸĪҪţɵμƣ巣Աп˿ʦʳ˵ǿɶԵúܣ
˭֪һһȥ
ĶоǰһڹȥסţĸףǺ££
ýȢûвĳ
ֱ˿̣̲סҡͷ㲻֪
μɵO׵·ϣ˵ЩǾʦ棡
һԱҪǿ۵ϣⱲӶˡ
ٵˣҪı׶֣
ֲý٣ԽϲŭѶƢǵٵ˼˭ʱ
Խ˵Խ
סĿڣ̺ο͵˱Ǽ⣬ᡣ
ð˲Ż伱Ҳûڰͷϡ
Ҫ£һʹŮˣ
¹۸ذҲ
ȥˣ˼ʡ
ˡ̲סüͷһ˳һĸ˵Щ֮ǰȻˡ
СǸ˵棬鲻ԸԼҲڲ֪һ
ʹǰмɰգ˵߰˳ɡ
о̣߰˳ɰյǾӮˡ
ˆ̾һۣеϱ׳ң˵¶ʵһϲͨ
⺢ӣ㲻ף˳̾۸ǶԵģȥҲ֪ǶԵġʵݣóȻۣĻǶʦ֮μơ
£Դ
סˣԴǿʲô
輸˸ŷҳ
Ƭ̣ӮڶԴľǱµ⡣
ĸҲ
˶ס񣬼ϹȻûаŵɫסʣͲ£ǱŭųɵĽҲͿһˡ
üһɣЦԭұĸ׵ģҲǶϻڶʲôҲʲôҲ
Ҳ£ĸҲĪ¡
Ű껹Сأ¼Тëδʣȴƫƫôס
ζ˵ֱʣȥ;գȥȥ
磬ŵȥԻšʢǵȻҪȥ
ʱ;գȻһƬʢˡ
ԽʱԽܽ˿ᡣ
ͷĻӣֵѩ͵߹Ժȥ


155 һ
Ȣ

һ̲ͣ, ݾ͸ǼƤѡ
ƤòˣƤС·һ飬ҳﴩļ, ѾŸ
ϲص, ѶЩ°סࡢˮ̵ģҲǶղмīɫɫѡ
ȥ, һɫİ, , ɫӸԲ
ݶɫӲ, Ƥͷ
ݶʽѣƤյ, ǵյĶС
һƤʲô
ƤʣǲҪƤ磿
ǣֻܲӣ߲֡Щ, Ьÿ, ֺϵͷһԳˡ
ݶƵϸգұý˿
ôϸ, ȫϸ, Ǽ𿪵ļƤһϣһԭȵûʲô
ȥҲһ, ˱߽, ֪ͷŶ
Ǽӹҵ¼, ͵ҹ
ԵģߦѾͷǶ˵ͷȥӴһȣ۲ۡ
ŵüëҷɣڣҰգ
㬣£ֻҪסرǾͳʲô¶
ǺõİҩأҲҳҩѪ޵Сҩϻͷ
ĭǸôүðӣϷݵһգȹ塣
Ҫ壬ôãһȦ͹ү廹ˡ
үҪ£û˰ְ
һӶТûˣ
ԽԽ氢ģ⣺ʲôҲ㶥š
˵ݱˡ
ݱ£ǹٷȥӡ
Ǹͷ˭֪ٷֻЬӣЬӣɰء
밢ȥ廨ӣл˵
֪⣬ݱԺȥ
黻°ɫɴۣϣϰһ׾աϷѾͷѡ迪õģ档
ỽһϵİ
հ紹˿һ˴ǰҡҷ
޵˻ûױѾʰòˡ
üȥϷ밲ĸڿӣСֻҪЦġ
Ҫ޵ĹҸҪŴ
ףװŲ֪飬ż˻ϲʲôʽЩƽȣ䡣
ļҾʹڿⷿУµʱ򣬱˶صģֻãѡɫӡ
ǸԤļˣЩ¼ҳѵĻӲʱˡ
ĸǡֵĸʱ˵ֻҪТ˴ĸױϵϸǾ˵ġ
ҪǼˣһӵţƫ¼ﴩһʱӣ񲻽˱Ц
Ҳһ
ӣЩϸĥġ
꿪㶼Ҫˡ
ĸǲӦȥ;գֲŪǴ˿հ꣬ʰ
ͷӦˣôֲԸˣ
ҡͷǲԸ⣬Ҫ棬Щӡ°⣬Լ˵£˿ңĸֳʧ
ֳŻ£ҪĸҲᷴԡ
縸ǰλɩûͷ
ԲۣƲ㣿
Цˣ΢죬ָͷһ°ĸ첲ѽ
ǱǿЩ֪Լòװ֪Ҳ̫Щ̫̫࿴ϱҪĲòҲǻʫĻử
ֻ۳Ķϱúܡ
ɷȴࡣ
ḧĸ첲ӹòԭΪۿҡ
ء£ҪͷС
ʹͶңƿͷ֪֪ԶԲǱ⣬صĸԸ
㿴ϼأʱǶһյǮܵ߰ӡ
鿴һۣЦҴˣĻ֪ЩǶ¹У˲ʵġ
ȥϼԸ硣
԰࣬е˽տģҲбǮġϼԵǸ׾ӵĸˣֻӴŮ͡
ã԰徻ǹԼţּвʱڴ˴硣
˽ͻϼԣҿǵˣҲȷʵ˵ġһƬʢ顱
鵽û£ʰ⣬Ѿͷ˼ѳ˵ļЩ
ݲΪ˽˿УҲΪĸ棬װԼ
ɰѰסˣԼȫݶģο鴩ʲôÿ
ϸʱ飬ʲôһġ
ȥ˷٣ҪԲЩ֮⣬ûʲôͬ
ֲóʱ˵߹и
ٿ£ֻɫ֪úòãһ۾װ׵ġ
ξΣׯ֡
λֱƵưŻɽѾˣڵ¿飬̧ͷôǶôã
ҸءЦǼƤøۿϣ˾ȥͰϣ
۲ԣȥѵлزɣ
˵ؿں󱳴ҪЩⱾﴩļаȻЩ
ףЦͷһƤ
ʧЦһЦһҡͷ̲ס濴ͷظѣǼƤӣ
ЦˣһɱƲۣǾӮҲȫ޷ܸôװգ
ϸǼۣԭ׵ķӣ˼ۡ
վۣϰƵƤۣһз˵飬˾ʱһۡ
ͷɫԵ
ţԭɫĺÿɫīɫҲÿһ˼⣬Ǵϲʱÿ
һУס룬ٴһϲ۵ġ
ͷ𣬱㱻ѹ¡
ⲻ룬ͲҪ롣
˵¡
¸ۣһô֪࣬ͷɴˡ
üĸġ
˺Щ˷Եø忡ˣģȴƫƫֵΣҿ˵
°΢̧ЩҪΣҲ࣬Ҳ˵
;߿һۡ
¼ۣôõΣԼأ
Ҳˣسţٲгż͡
ôͽ󣬺ǰ¶ġʱ¶Ǿģɺÿسǰ˶С͵㶫
黨˼Сۡ
ѿֻǻȫЩйڲȥ˾ȥѧȥ֮ŵ
ͻȻ𣬺֮Сû
ǻԴôСûʱ쵽ѽ
̲סЦˣ߰աŵһϿɡ
ۼëԼҪȻѡ
Ȼ֪ںլﾭЩϸ£ֻǿΪѡ
Ҳ˵²Ĵ˹ţӡ
ҼһɫѣɴģͻỨɫʡ
ﵽãǵС£ɢȥü΢΢һ䣺ѿ


156 
Ȣ

;, Ϸһס
£ޱ߷˿ؾؽͷͷͷ, ǰ仹, Ҳɫ黨
ɾׯأĳ顣
ʱ, һЦˣһİգ
ҲЦɲ, ֪ϲá
תһȦ, ϸ, ָָ׹Σȫġ
ޣǾŰɫɫ, ТŮúúô硣
˳ţߴӵһѾ͸
һһ, 黷һȦʣأôûţ
, æ˺üգ١ֻӴŮ͵Ļ԰Ҳðһգ߰, ݾ뿪ˡ
س, ˲ԺѾʹ
ڣҲÿ᲻Ǹɡ
ǰԳͷˣǵøһŲԺӵ¡⻰˵, ÿÿµ顣
סԺ, ʵڲɸӡ
ɲھʱ, ²Ǩݲ̫̫ˣ
ˣɱ˾Ůǡ˾ŮǣС
Ҳ֪ͷ£ܲˡ˼ҹδ˯ҪŻͣСȽϸϸ˷ۣԵɫ糣
ôأٶಹҲûá
̫̫Ӳһ׮׮Ȱһ׮ա
˴񣺡ˣܵð¶£ĴһҲǡ
ԭϲңһֱûٴͷȥʢ룬⶯ǺúӣǸί˺ӡ
ү˼ˣҲ˴롣
ԭ˳ۣʱʱҪһǷͷȵԼֵ־Ϊʵû˼
һ·еǽϼԣһŮñ³
ֻͷ֣·Ͼ͸ԺӾ£ɺú档ݲɣֻǳġ
˸սԺţλһѵŮӭ
һλ͵ˣеȺء
̧ü򰢱˵ߵѾͷòͨ⼸Ѿͷ˵òһġ
һҡͷ⼸ϼλ̺Ů澣ɲ˸ǰġ
ǰջɽӣԺбˮһأҶӣá
ӭ
ǵڶ ϻڷ£˴üؾسͣŴŸݡ
˵Ŀһ٣ַɿ˻ȥ
˫ʰ
Цڼ;գӵ˵ӣˡ
̾վͰУ棺̾տѵã˱ǻ˴Ѫİգ
ѰҲݪŪݣҪ̡
ǻѪѪҲδûǵϲ򡣡
˵ȻֻⱾǾ׻ѡ
Ҽ˵ɶ鼫ùư󸹬۹𡣡ֿ˵Ķ
֪ԶѾǾˣĶӢš
˭֪Ųյе֪Զȷʵù࿼ʿϣеġ
ſڽࡣ
Բ۾˿亢ӣǿá鲻ãǾͿ龢Ҫʵڲ飬ܿһ׳ʵ
ȴ԰Ŀ䷨ܸ
ԭȾţλ˼ദ˵䣬׹ԭˣ׻
Ҳ˵
˵鶼û졣
ϸţ䣬衣
ʵǻ̹ſסгôǡ
ԭأһʱҲӡ
˵䡰˹ǫˡʵһ䡰ǫ֪ԶСĻǳɲ͸Ρ
ҶϼԵŮǼʶ棬԰һŮ֣һŮ㽫ϣǵӵ㡣
˴ɿǿͣȵһֳ֧ЦһЦ͵С
Ҳһ֧ǰϵһ
ģתһ顣
ʱʱƳƳ飬ͼʮڣʱҲԵģ񰢱ûʲô裬һξҪȿڲٳھջ֡
ֵ˲˵黰Ҳ黰ʶҪ
ϻڴ󱨶м棬ʧ֮
֣صǸĻ
Ѱʵķǣûһ䡭Щǿཻġ
뵽Ǽ޸˼ҲĲؼ顣
ͷȥ˳ϣû뵽С棬ҲԳ´
˻ԵᲩʿаǣ˲˺öɡ
ʲô·ϣԱ𣬾ˣϲиԸɵˡ
ƽȣһ˵˳
˿ǡöɡֱ˱ĵ۽
Ҳ¶Ц»ûۣЦǳ̲ס̾Ϣһ
̽˵ҳ˼λʷ¡ʲôϢϲǣңҲиס
˶˶٣Ϊ˴¡
̫үΪΪˣʱжţڴ󱨶м棬ʲôǣ
̫үˣҲա
ѧʺãһѧʶƷ
ֱϱֱ鵯μƣ̫үͬŻͻ
࿴ŮǽͻͷȵĴ¡
ĪҪǣҲ֧ɡ
ʷһˣȷʵ֧۵ġҲȫά۸ˣάԱɵȨ
ᲩʿֻҪſڴƻƣĹأɱˡ
䣬ϳ΢΢Ƿлˣö衣ٶҲ֪˸ˣһõ˺Ϣ
ЩȥҪɣҪμƵʾɷۣʷվߡ
ȵ󣬻صḮǰ
÷Ǻľ˾ֻóЩţɽҩ
һСϣ˳һ༸СˣҲһգȥЪЪա
ֻССѩڽǰ̺š
û룬ˡҨ˿࣬ãһڣֿ飬̸£Եշ
ˡ
ۣҲֻΪˣ顣
ͼ΢죬ͷȥ
ܰûһƲδźɷҪҵ鹣Ҳܻ׽Ҳû˼
ֻǣֻǽһ仰Ҳûʹ
ѰǻʵڼЩʲô£飬ƽѧûѧܼ¡Щһûʡ
˼ҵû
Ҳֹ˳ʱ˿һһҲûʹ
òӦ
ڻȥĳϣʻǰߵѾſӭء
һڣС˾ͽ֪Զվǰĸ׽š
˲Сӣִڶӵĸ첲ϣУ֪Զʵĸ׽ͻɸˣ
֪ĸǸʲôȥģҹȻǲеģҲ֪һĸͬ
˵Ƕʶʫ飬ֻҪλֳмƣǾѵõļż
ͣ½Ų´˶һ
漴ҡҡͷ
֪Զסԭ벻ĸΪҡͷ
˵Ժӣžż㣬ص裬һžߵ衣
ӭʣҵĹûУ
ɻǸɫûģ֪ԶУ䲻ϡ
ϰԼҷ˵ӣ˵䲻ϣǾ䲻ϣǫ֮
ôãȲ̽ɣԼүҲľˣýŶſ̤ˡ
档һͷ
ҵĶϱأͻݺദģҲ˵ЩȢ큸Ůл׵˼֪ܵ׼ʲô
һʱԣס
˹ѰŮң֥١
Ʃ飬վб㡣
ǸϱƲڻ֮С


157 
Ȣ

˵, 飺ôûУ
ûں棬Ҫôͷ, һ
ЦЦҾǼ, Ҫ
һ, ͼ촽΢Ҫǽ, ˴ⶼû, ǳٰüġ
ٰüĹ, ѧʱ
ʱʹѦ޹, ͷǵͷԣ
ûķȥҲ֣µĹô
ǻѦǼҪһ
˴֮ûо, 㿴, ҿ㣬֮ģǷֵ֮ɣ
˵Ѧ̵ĵ˵ٰüʱ, ɫ΢΢һ졣
δ޵Ůʵ˵Щ, ԭҲǾ˵ģɸദˣҲĵƩͬ硣
βŵͷˣһܽҪֻԭ˸, ǳ˿ͷ, ֪ġ
££䣺Ե, Ҳңĸ֪ҲûС
͵Ժſڣ˻ûţͿߵСѾͷվ£׵顣
һƼĹСѾͷܽȥ
ȻŮ
ѾͷݱüͷСѾͷӼٷ˾Ҳ֪񣿿ɵúýѵһû˹¡
ҲƼˣɫһ
ɴ£Ҳ㣬Ȼȥˡ˵תߡ
ݱ̾ٷǸˬӣɱҲ˵񡣡
ĸ첲ݣһݱָСѾͷϹˣű㱨ţƼٷˣô֪񣿡
ҪЦݱôһͨɲסš
ȵСѾͷ˴ŲǰȥǼ˭磬һ۾֪Ů˹ģ࿴ȥˣ
ȥ⶷ѡ
ݱӦ磬ȥµġ˵ĿɲȫôǸﶼżҲܵ˵
һͿȥϷ˵Щ컰ǹ»᲻ˣ
һЩȻɤ¶Ļб߹¶Ѹ첲һ˦ɣҵ̫̫ȥֻȿ˴˹ͶҪˣô͵ǹ
Ųû̧ͱݱסˣµСѾͷһء
³ȥͷƵģֵҹĸ
߹£Ԥأ˹ĻҲ߲߹ȥүĹǰͷ
ݱͬ¶ҲﻹЪЪա
ʹֶಡǰŲȥˡ
һ⻰Ҫ̽ͷһɴʣɴнͷжͷûһ¡
ҳĵæǰܺģΪ˭﷽Ż£ѹޣΪ˹
ҪΪңͻȥЪŰա
ãд
һ¼ɫĵײ̾Ϣ
ҲʵǼ;ۣôһʲôҲ첻ɣƫƫΪͷΡ
ִ޻ϣ޵ֱҧҪϵ⣬㿴ҹܲ㣡
ҲɻԭĿǣٹܣЩ
ʵ˵ģȫʵ
ȻﲻʶأǺڣǵĸ·ǣֵԴ
ûˣ֪ˣֲôƫƫһ
뵽ʵ֣ٿ˵ʵҪǸ˴򽻵ǲ׵öࣿ
һĨַźݻţȫΪãȲҹܣҲˡ
˵˦ųȥÿˣһ䶼ˡ
ӹ߰߶߰ˣҲͣһջ
ԹԷףݱ׵ɽЩȥɩɩ˵ǺٵĹɩҲʧ
ݶڰ󣬽ճֻ㡣
߹ǵùô̯ôҪǷģ
Ǵ񣬵ĸܣָݡ
˽һۣϽס죬̲סƲƲ
Ǹ̾߹ŮƵģôƫôɼʮȫʮġ
ɽȥȵһ˵Ƶѣҹֻܿյյƻ𣬿Ƕ˵ķɫ
ݶǰԺǳʲôˣ
Ŀǿһ۾Ϳ˶̹ٷȥķɽ
һѶĵվš
ݶһ˻һۣᾲеţҲֻ⣬ùһǰȥ
ȫϣݶٷˣٷЩ
˲ֿ죬Ÿŵأֱɽ⣬Ƕ˻Щ
ŵһҲƼˡ
ĸСˣߵǰǷΣ֪ǼŮ졣
һƿɽõţѾǼƤӣܵ÷˿ɢڶǰһüô
լԺŽˣжš
һ˵˾룬۱֪Ҫȥػ
ôߵģɿһ¼ϹļƤӣЦҡͷ׻ˡӾһѣܵ顣
еڵϣҾ㲻ϻأС˵ںţġ
ôôôˣ
ȥʻҲôˡ
üкܶˣ
һɨΪ׵Ĵ̹ٷﻹŵ
һĹٻȥʻõôˣͷ˵׼ڵȵġ
ĻľͲֹˡ
üһšĲͬ
ȳ԰£ʻѡ
ţҪˣЩ˵ĽŲô
˾ˣ
ŲЩ˿ɲĹ٣ͷŵȫӡ
۰סļͷ˵ˣҪ֪Щͷ£Ͳܻš
Ҳšժ¹¼ϵĶһϣϵڽǰ
䣬ͷˣǻһˡ
¹ڣʱһۣʾⰢվӰвҪ¶棬½ף̹ٷ˵롣
ڴ߿ţĿһֱ׷ۣһתȺϣһ鲻Ծ
һȵǳɽ
㺰飺ϳ³ʤһԶԶĸţҪǵǽĸš˽ȥͷһȣó³ʤţֱȥ
ǡʱ׷ȥ
ӶԼУͷͷ
һֻһӰӣŵڴţñסԼ
֪𳭼ʱ£§ڻУı
ӵˣڵȥô¶үˣ
ҡͷԸȥ¶ȲϷȥͨҪȥ󲮸


158 һ
Ȣ

, ·ƣԺȥ
ĸμҼ, ʱԺ, ֻͨļеܳСƹеȥ
ڷедشض, Ȼǰ·, ˼, һù, Ŀӣϡ
ӼС, ǿϰĽŲ
dӵű˵˾ȥʻ
ʣôôǲǲ֪
ȥһ⣬ǹٻ˼һз紵ݶΣ¾Ŷ칫
ͨ, Ҳͨˡd̾һ, ɺͿǼֶǲôƫƫҪͷ
dĵ, ֲøճ˵, жֻɹмͬФơ
ߵĴѾͷͨˣٷˡ
ϱˣȾ̾ﲻȲŹ, Ҳ֪֪֪ء
õŮ, һ˵۱˴ʻ, ͡
dδڣѾͷλɫٷүġ
ңdһ棬ŵѵߵʱʲôҪ֪
뵽˽ʱ䣺Ͻ
ܿ챻ѾϷУСҲ͵µãû󲮴ĸӡ
ȥվ
׾죬⻹ǵڶ ʽdһʱġҪû¶ֻҪżڶ档
󲮣ĸ
dף潹ɫϱʱл˵
ûСҾã鲻ԡ
düëšɸ֣½һδ˵ģʣ鲻ԣ
ŶһĹֲŶͣƳЩʲô
ϲϲˬǵССԶˣϱ˰˰Ů
ϲܸɣּܼ졣
ЩͷܹȫȻһ¡
ƫŰȰڣɷǰԲż˵գ˵ҲҪһˡ
ֱ󲮻ˣƽЩ
ŵ·ȫӣѾ˸ȥɴĸˡ
ֻһd˾ЩṦҲѰ¡
ȭŵѰ¡˫ֽ߬ȭһ˵ĵûѪǲһġ
⻰һŰϱ
Ҳ֪⻰˵ûƾ֤һȥ˾ͻˡ
d﷽Ż룬ûµĸˣһе紵ݶ羪ȸӰֱĿ㣬ֲ˼ѵ濴ʲôˣ
ˣٷ˿衣
ү⻰һڣɷ
軹ûϣˡ
һ·ܽȸү񣺡үˣүȷǱ˾ˣ
³ʤһ·ĸںͷʱδϻЩС˼Ա㶼˱ܿȥ
ۿүŴţſ˰㣬³³ʤԼŵġ
d˿۰һȥţϱعģȥ̷ĸǡ
Ҳ˿򰢱ĿⲢ޿ϻǰ˸ĸ첲ĪҪ£ôҲˡ
˵˵ȥçײ㲻ȥ¡
μôһˣ˵ģмͷǵԼȥˡ
ĬȻüĿûܲʲôҲûĻ˵󲮴ĸ
Ҷˡô˵ģȴǾŲԡ
֪Ҫǿǿǿϴһɷ
dɫδ䣬ޣ֪ʲô͵űߡɷᣬҡҲء
һ˵һԸѾͷӵȥ
϶ô£ɹˣԼȥС
ٷϣɴ˷ԸˣĸҲӣϹģͰաһŵǰͷ·
ƴǲüǰԶԶţӷеɽȥ
ʱɻǣȥʱһ١
ҧסǼ˵ģڰ֮ǶһƳʵѿʲô
еãשָпˮͨУѾͷǾڴ˴
ʱ˾䣬ֻϸŲ
˵˸ҳеǣƵ飬졣
˿ĭǰȥٷҿģſã½ȥأҿѰŰ
ȥˣЩˣǵٵģԵʲôˣ
ɰס棬һϸڣЩ磬Щ̡
ٿɲסŲʵ֪̣
һ£мģѰ䲻̣ͬķˣ˵̣ɡ
תȥ͵ĸҷʣֻԭ·ۻȥ
ϸɷ˵û䣬Ѿͷٷˣ˵ү
d¶ãϱл˵
϶üͷ⺢ӣôˡ
Ѿͷٷ˵ˣȷҪ¶
d²ͣɵӣø棬õ˺Ϊ
վ
⣬վסǰⲽ
dǵӰǰػأһСɣҲ̫ʧˡ
ô룬һۣ˵ϱãС˼ҳģܻЩ
һȹţ˲ȻҲ˲
ֱͨͨdͬʱ˾ģһ̣
dɫף漸׮ʫ鰸dҲʱжţֻǾټТûɲǡ
ô룬űʻ
вӿһꡣ
󲮸жϡ
ֱdϸ֦ĩһΣȷɱߣֻ²Ϊ񣬶ΪдЩʫ
ұdߵſڣ۰
Ҫÿ죬ֻ»Ҫɵϼ졣
¶Ҫ˾治סƽʱ߶ɻѲƤ
dҴҳȥҾѣԭأѵ¶ɫΪЩôã
˭˲֪մʫ鰸ϡ֣ѵһƤ
ƽҲдʫϵڲ
ҡͷдʫдĶЩۣĸġ
ס֣Ƭֻ̾عʱµӦǰôοء
¶ȱã˵Ҳֻ˵۵¡
֪лҪ飬ҴӦ䣬͸Ȼȥ󲮻ʲôĸǲ˸֪ҡ
ϵͷԽ͵⣺ǸúӣȢĸ
ߣʾˣǴһ
ĸϲϲɫֻͷǡ
ƴϸڣҲйɲڣŶԡ
ʱһ󲡣жټ磬ֻ֪һͻȻƽ˾
׾Ӹˣɷʱδˣδ磬һȴ˼񣬽ͺ
ٴֹסŲ
ٷûת
ү鷿ɾô


159 
Ȣ

ѹü͡
֮к̹, һݣү鷿Լʰģ˶顣
֮һһеĿ, õ
ʱ, ĵ۵£û뵽δ, үʫ»
, ȥҳ³ʤ, , ʲô쳣
鵽ʱѶٷķڷ˿ĭ, ٷˣүȥ¾ڱдүʫˡ
үᰮ飬Ҳʫš
ͷ£㰮ύʫ, ڼ, ȥɽұ
ȿʫᣬʫɲᣬ̿ӡ, 顣
֪ҵڶ, һĴ޸׿ӡĲӣдŸ׵ľѣͳȥʫջء
˵ռ׵ĸ壬游ٿӡʫ, ʫɻٷһ
Ƕʱ, 鷿̿, Щ͹ȡůˡ
վ֮һһֽ⵹
̵ΣʫվðӽֽҰǹȷͷûδȼֽҳŰӳȥ
үĲ飬üβҲһһ졣
Ƕʱգ鷿ĵƼûϨ
ӦǸɾġ
΢ɣЩɲиֺ
һƹеڻصɽ
һֱſڣۿǻɿżӣϽ͸ǣ࣬ԡ
ТȻơ
֪£ǮҲֺǣ񣬻ŵȥ
ɽһأݣ鷿ĵƵˣ̿
ݻԣɫں鷿
һӣЩʲô飿
ϸһ濴һЩӼǣд黭ģдģҲйϷ֮࡭һЩҽ
кü˷˷лżҳֽȡݵϡ
ϸֽдŶ˯㣬ּƽԵҩС׭עƩζҩңɶ֮ࡣ
дֽ
ЩɴûֻĬĬڻ˼Щ¡
Ŀ΢ȣҳֽ
ٿܡ
ǰָĶĶ˵ЩǱ飬Ҳͼף׺һܻ
Ҳгۡ͢ɽˮʫ
۵鷿ȷʵʰģұ֮⣬Щʵ鼮ũ飬ʱ顣
үǼիҲö֮ϡ
ָǼү
дôʫû۵ĵֻиλϹ㣬û뵽дʫ
ǰʫĸ塣ݴִַīһ顣
ǾһУĹģͷʯأ΢һͷȥա
ݵͷӦǡ
˳ȥ鷿ιϡ
鼸վ£̶һۣЩΪѣչͷȥ飺үɲ˶ĶҪҪһ
ȥһڶסĻͷ
ĶңֻվֱӣЦЦ
Ŀǰӵ̶˵ҲĶɾǲҲǴ䵹
ֻͷĬʲôҲû
үҪŭҲٷ˶ǰͷء
鷿ҲСõĴ齣䲻ɽŰβϸ죬ҲһŸȡ
鷿ﻹСӣһ©Ĳ鿴ǽϵĻƿƹųȥ
̿賷˰ա
صֶӵţǴˣǳ³ʤжҡ
ˣȥЪŰա
ӻһۣȥЪţҼ˯
Щţ࣬ʲôҲûء
ʱܳԻʳ֪ԣ˵ͷãóԤЩ˾ܳϡ
ҹߣƤҲֻƬ̡
һ֣ɴݶˮţѾѣҴϴȥ
үҲһҹδۣҹŴϢŸּŽ˾еľ뵽
ûܼүϰģһϢҶ֪ġ
Ҳֻɷѿɫ
ûȵϢۻ
˸ɢͷڳѣЦô磿֪ţô밲ͷһء
ûжࣿٷҲʢһ
ÿճԵѣСӰģÿҲֻһ
СϽٰϣ֣ҲǸʸա
Цӯӯס֣ðź䲻ģһȣЦ˵Ӻá
ʱھѾ¯ˡ
壬ĸȴú
۲ͬ˶ȥţιȥ
Сţٷ˶˻ۡ
һڣʳԻ񣺡˯úòã
˵ͷǾ仰Ұöˣѵ˯˸
úúл˵ǻظʲôЩǣأĢʱһ¨õȥ
ҪȻ͵ĶĺܣѼзˮʱʻˣֲڹء
룺ҿ˲ǸˣҲЩ
ָָСն»⡣
¼Ļ׵ӵ𣬵ʺ͸ص˳ԡ
Ȼùڼˣ룬׵ҲãǼҳ߶͵ôƽʵźá
˼¶Ҳ֪֪үʫ˻ˣ᲻߶
»ʫͬ
ʷԭվߵģ˭˵أ
ôʸ𣿡˿˼ģģǲһ䣬ҵϲˡ
۸û˼ҡ溬ЦǵȫˣԭᣬдúãͷǷ顣
룬һǸôõ˼ҡ
ٶ࿴һжãǾ׻£Тǰų
ֿ۰˫ϲš
Ϸ˴ʱֱҪȥС̧ˡ
ճϷԺţݱ³ʤˡ
ݶţ²ܽ˿̵ֱڡ
˷ȹȹǷɣ˴š
³ʤȻɽիǰţۿǰ˷ȹ˸ǰ֪ٷˣͷٷ밲
鵽ô
³ʤɿָ̧ۣϽȥ
һˣͼɽ߻֦ҡʹ˸ɫֱ鷿ȥ
ػ


160 
Ȣ

³ʤ, űߣٷ˿˵
Ȼ
Ҫͷֶסʱ֪
ʲôϵүʫ, Ҳһѽ
˵ߵ鷿, ǻ֦ߵ, Ƿǽ͵
³ʤҲ²ٷ˲֪, ү˾, µ, Ҳٷ
ͷЩɻ¡³ʤһ˵һ͵ﰢɫ
֪ٷһǸŵʥ, ЩµߣϽϵǻ֮ͱɱ˸ɾ
ɱˣղǵ, ӡ, ֻҪõţն
˵
ǡ³ʤֵⰸӲŸֳû, õˡ, лҧͽүļҲҧ˳
ԨǾװһ֣ЩӽϵӹŵĹţЪҵЪҵ, лƿ, ϰ岻֪ڵĵҡ
һ仹, ȵӡ̣УЩ˶ãҲ治סˡ
ڴǰ΢죬ǰ˿
˼Ƭ̣ԭɡ
ҳϹϵΪ̫Ŀˡ
̽⵭ȥӼ֮۽ƶȣƸʥܵԪ۵ʶТ֮л
ͷҲкЩڱ˽ֻƵĹԼϣŴĻ֯
һҲ˻ǲµһ飬ԡ
ȷʵʫ·д޸׵ľ¿ӡɲʽ˲Żᱻҧ
ЩҪҧҲҧġ
һһ
ȥҴү±֪
²үѾõϢˣȴûŮһ
³ʤ˳ȥ
ⲽ˸鷿Żصɽȥ
ݶߣʱҲҪҪ衣
ÿƤٵͷȥԭΪ۱ʼ仰͸ûģǵⳡ»˺Щˡ
Ҫ׼
¹񣬴ӹó۵ѣҩϻӣȡЩҩ
ʰѵʱ򣬰Ƭ̵ǼƤӣ˵׼õϡ
Ҳڴʱ氢£תһȦûˡ
ۻˡ˫ЬһЬһȡУЬһ顣
ֽ
ǡȡֽͼʼմīֽıдҩ֡
ҩƿ̫Ҳ춯ͽȥ
ͽҩҩֽУȥ
ֻⶫòϲźá
Щ¶ˣű⣬ݿò
ָָҪҪүǱȥ
æóЩ̧ͷҪҸҵֱ·ʱԵĸӣԽθҪŵס
ݵӦǡ
˲ͷȴб޲ȥһۣЩȫʲô취ܽ˾һۣ˵仰أ
ΣֳɵЩѣһҲû½ԥԶߣⲻ˽
ڰߣɫ֪ڴ⡣
ʲô˵һ룿Խ˵Խǵ·ϣЩ⣬벻ˡ
ȵ˹ٵ˷ˣԽֲװʲô
룬ʲôȥһۡ
΢죺⡭Ķܳѽ
Ҳ䣬Ҳڽϼȥͷĸˡͷٲûñѡ
ݣȥɷ򣬼ҵţҲŵš
ҪȻһү
ûõġüҡͷˣο󲮸Ϣ͵ɽŮǸĿ
ȥԼ˵һơ£˵׼ᱻضš
֤뷨³ʤˡ
ƸнǶʲô˵
ү˵֪ˡ³ʤͷֱǰҶ̧
Եأ
³ʤƬ̣׻ҡҡͷ
˵գ
үȷʵû˵ǡҶ⣬ˡ
³ʤ껰˷Ըת⣬үȥشˣдߵ֣ɽԼٷˡ
ٷ˺ú̷ĸԵ£ġ
꣬ɲŭɫ
뷽һƽȣ֪ˣȥ˾ſš
ǡ
ȳ³ʤһߣӿ򰢱
Ƭ̣ȥ
ȲñˣֻԼˡ
գգ۶ȥ飬ͷȴ룬߹Σ߹ﻹа취ɣ
ֽĥīܿдţһд椵ģһд˵ġǿʶˣ뷨ǣߴš
һ˾ǱĴ磬Щ
ڴ椣дű½ԥ
Ӻܿ㽫ˣԼļУҲͷؽɽҪţݱ׻˰Ӻ档
ɩɩǶңԺжˣⶼʲôʱˣðʲô
ݱôҲϣϰգܺùñ
أ
Ѱ˶ŵģ¶Ҳǽүٷ˽е԰ȥ
ݱ׻˵ٷŲ԰Уһסɽʵ񻰡¶Ҫġ
鵽˰ӣۼѾҲ米תӡ
ҲΪһ˲ף֮һΣǵڶΡ
ſɫ糣˿һӲˬҹ˵ءһôˣ
˵ţ΢΢һ졣
ĵֹס²⣬ĸףǲҪ˵ҵ¶
ʹ˸ɫӣסݱף¯ůף֪ʲôãƣ
ݱ׹Ծ֪ͷҪ˵Ҫ£ɴͬ£Ӳȥܲ鿴ܣ
ɱ˾ˣΪдʫ¡żɽ
鷽ϻ΢Σ䣬ˢðˣָסĿڣŰҪᡣ
鵽ЩϢֻǡ
ֻǲǡ촽΢૳
ֻиһˣ¡ڴ󲮿УǻңһŮҪô죿
ǲȫָ󲮣ԼҲ뷨ӡסֱ֣һ£ȣھʶ˲࣬ʵѾˣĸ׿ʶˣ
ҷ׷׵ģ˰ҡһҡͷסδˡ
ύĶˣļ£Ѱ˼Ļմǡ
ĸٷ֮߶ʣҲֳ֮̽ƫƫʱزһТլ˸ʲôʶûˡ
˼ĸߵˡ
϶԰Ȱɷ
˼ãִżСѾͷ˼ƥϣһֻУӴԺӵԺ
Цеģ񣺡ٷ밲߹밲
Ѿ֪ΪʲôֲЦˣο±ĸûиϵ
ĸҲֻɷķɣòô
ЦӯӯǷµЩյҸٷЩ˵ġ
ǰӶΣҽһظŮ㶼֪ˡ
˯òֻ֢ǶζѣѾȫŮġ
ĸǻЩߺ˵ȥҲǸѵġ
ͷСТĸôʹĸء
ЩҲѧ
˷ڣ¶Դǣͷȴûš
һɴЦٷأֻҪٷ˽̷ˣǴүˣֻϲġ
ϱɫ
Ǻǰףüһ̧ŭ
⻰ڣʲô׵ģǴĸɸǰѵֶϱ
۾裬ȴȥס顣
Ȼĸ֣ÿֶ˵üѡ
ʳУǸõĸӣѾſվһ
ʳеݸݱףԼ߽ЦǺĸ첲գΪһˣϽȥЪЪ
ȥ־Ǹɰ
֪£ȴסŶãݣ֪Լ㣬öѧ£Ҫôܡѧû᣿
ֱˣ黹˪ɫεʲô
ʲôøĳѵ
̾ĸԶޣھҲЩ˼ңֻǡ
ֻıᣬ游ʱжлͶ˽ʣοŮ졣
һֱڰ˶һ飬ͷҪʱ̱ɽš
Ҳ˲黹ͷűٷˣүͶүˣ


161 һ
Ȣ

ٿ𣺡ʲôʱ£
ڸղ, Ѿűˡһ֪Ϣš
һϣĿⲻס, ǣסӣôô죿
˾Ŀֱ, ǿסвסת, Ǵ󷿶ֳأ
ȥˡй, 㶼, 󷿶ֻ¸档
Ǽٲ, ģ׶
ǿͿȥģ˵˻, ͻ̲ҵﱨţٷˡ
׼
үѵҪͷ£Ƭ, үҲȥˡ
, סġ飬ɫɷףӵ߹Ҽ, ů¯
ֿ̣ȥҽһŮ, ϶ЩСëСģͷۣҽ
ӷɿ϶ݱ׵¯, һ˿첽Ժȥ
Ÿߵ·, С, СҲֲỹǺһٷˣһϢ˹ȥ
ͷѾȥҽˡͣŲҲûֱͣȥ
С磬һסߡ
ǴȥϷԼȥĸԺдϢ뵽ֻ˺ǵȥһۡ
һһ洭ǿܸϰĲӣϷڸ̡
˵֣˫ֱ
̽ĿڣĿȵģǱǾ֮ʹȥˡ
һѾͷӣʧ򣬿ο裺𼱣ҽѾ·ˣˣȽ뵽
Ҳ֪󷿶Ǳû¡
ȷϹֻǾʣͳȥĸǶʲô»ͨһж衣
ĶʹöˣСһõס⡣
˵ȥ׷ϰԼ϶Ĵӽ⿪µĶݸҹ
䣬ȴҲӹ̲סԴû¡˵϶˴š
ڷڲŸվƬ̣ݱױС㣺Ƕǲȥ֪һ˼ǽ˿ˣɱʱֳɥ
ȥҲĿ޵
ɸɹ£⵱ڿǳʲô¡
˵תطڵĸǰ裬˶Ҳͨټ̺ţһ˾ְַҹ
ֻҪˮҪĶ࣬ҼټӸů¯ӡҽˣҩȴûط塣
軺ǣǣ߹˵õǡ
ԸСѾͷҼ¯ӣټֻ
ոϵԺУһƬĸϱҲˣôã׸ʲô¶
ﱾµģҲ£
һ̫үһүɲ¶ˡ
δһ䣬סŲͣҽɩǣ԰
ĸǳܶ԰ֶϱ˵ʲôսţס˿ڡ
ɩǵô£ȴǰŰʣã⾿ô£
ôƫƫͷǵдʫ
˵ľϣӶϱƽĸǰ˵Ҹ
ʱ֪ĸ˼׳ŵΪѰ
ȷʵ֪ĶЩҲɳ³ʤȥģ󷿿û͸¶һǰ㡣
ü΢ˣĿסδʱѾдʫˡɩҪʣȥһʡ
۾ܻصճʱҲѾסүдʫˣ
ûˣΪ𣺡סڣЩҶ֪ϱŽŶã֪
ŵʱүˣ˭Ҳʲȥ
˵尢ͷΪȥҽš
һŮˣҵҿ޵ĿޣɨһۣǵҪôȥЪŵϢҪôϢ
ó
ߵĸǰлҪԴĸ˵
ϿңƲˣůȥοʵֲɣдʫģʲôɣ
͸游飬ССȥ˹ӼѧүģûйĽ
ĸ룬뷨ӿɡ
һôУʲôӣ˽ţ˵ܿģһס֣⺢ӣ֪ļҿģĶѾˣкЩ󲮼ʮѡ
ٳϵ¶ǲҲͷײȥǲǣ
űػᱨ֪ġ
Ϊ˼ֻһ׮£ҪҪдŰķ巿
뵽̾Ϣ֪¶ɳ¶ɻǣ
üĸټŮ֮Уصıˣֻܸɵȡ
Ѿ֪ķ巿סҪдȥүү
дţסĸ֣ǻ£Ҫȥ̫ӣǸҾС
һֱڹ£ָĵ
Ļ᲻ףķ巿˽£΢΢Ҳûӣ⺢ӣǻ첻ɡ
ҲãҲãܵи
ϻһ仰δ˵ҪǲţʱҪô˽ô
üڸ˵ͷ
Ĵ£ûһ취ˣ
ۼ˵ͨپҽӦˣȥûС˵긣񣬸Ƴ䣬ͷѾͷȡī
һҪдˡ
ķ巿ĺôĻ᲻Ͻǡ
ᳵӣˮ···ҹ̣Ҳ߰ղŵϾǡ߰Уʡ
һ·Ϸȥһ·취
ݣһжӣ
ݷɿ챨˸ǧ˰ׯͷϵĳϢһԼǧ
ӵʱǮ࣬ŻʺµļԪѹס
ǧ֮µģ۸ģ˸ģƽЩֻиԼûôࡣ
٣Ʊ٣
ֻжƱɢǮģҲдģĵׯҡСƱȥľ͵õһȡ
ķӲɣ·ӡݻȥӣ֮ǰһСǮֻ²ͨ
󶧵Ʊ³ʤһЩ
С׽飬ˮͲ˵ģǿأϢ򽻵ѣЩСȴ߶߶ܱŶ
ǡȥˡ
ҲߵԺ
ȥϣ
ҡҡͷʣûУ
ͷĸףɩɩˡ
ҽʩ룬һ˻ںҩˣϽô
δ˵ҽŹȥ˵ǶĸҲȥˡ
ò࣬ߣҪ뷨Ӽɣ֮£ﵣ
һӾ¶Ƕز
۾ﺬᣬʵ벻ܸʲôص£ȴһʵ˹ϣĸʣǲǣ
ǡ
ǡⱲӣڼʱӸ޺ӷ򣬷ִӡ
ӹˣһ˶ˣһʱ֮侹û˸ƾˡ
촽βŵֻȥգҪУɳҲ㡣
һֱţʮ꣬û¡
⻰ͷһ죬ӣá


162 
Ȣ

ۻδ˾, ;鲻ԡ
ǸСٶɫΪɵ
ȸʱСࡣǰ·, ײ˸Ͽ, Сȴһڣߡ
ĿСٺɨ΢΢һЦá
Сٿʮֺ˵, ɵÿ
ڲ, ԷſڵλСٵգ
ҵ, ¹շ롣
𣿡۽гСٵ֡
СһᡭᲩʿϵóң
Цˣͬ, Ҽǵ㡣ʵһ棬ۻû, һ·˵Щˡ
ȷͬһ꣬һ·, , δö顣
ٺֻصӼ൱˲ʿΪҵǻķɻãǿ
ٽͬ, ͱˡ
۹λ, ȷʵͬƷҲǴ̹۵ġƷİƷзֱ𣬺οʦԷǫǡ¹١
, ˾ô̸
Ѱ˾Щʲô, ֪ѡ˾ġ
ϲ¶, ԵζŨŶǽѡĹٰգ³ѡ֮ʱÿһ˶۾֡
ҪˣŷſڹӼжʮļѡ
ʮеģ;Ҫ˼ȥˡΪЩ˸ѡĿӣʮ꺮һ޳ɡ
ǿʮļѡûѡ߹ϵҪǮǮҪвţߵöϵġ
û룬ʮ֮ڽҪǰѡˡ
ǵСƾ٣ˣϹٶɻ˾ְѰЩŵĹ
û뵽ֲ㣬ͷرͰ쵽ᲩʿС
Զĸţ˵ͣʱ˵˵Ӽ£ʱ˵˵ϵӣļҵóԣǼҵ⽺óԣ˽ġ
ϴЦѹԷΪ£ָ֪
ɫҪƳ۴벽ӵס
ǡǡˣӲֲҴ
Ϊ
ٿ̧ͷ
ˡ
ȻĿǰЩǮ˼ӣǣ̫ˣδ÷ʵжˡ
ҪҪһЩڽϳԣҲ˶á
ɫհûã¥ӴƮ㣬Сʳ̯֧ڽߣУڱǶơ
һ춼ûʳˣô˵˼̯ӣҪġ
˶໰±ԡ
𷴶ڳŤŤȥƵ
ЦˣֲػţŵŷأȥЩʣˡ
⵹ģŵķ˱ûˮȥĻЩʳȥľֻв˹ӳԣֱϳůӡ
ΪǾţ۶Ѿ֪Ϊ£ôЦóͷ˻֪ɡʵ׮󰸡
ȹǲˣûģˡ
˻ҧӷԽץԽ࣬ⰸӴһ׮СԽԽ󣬻֪Ҫˡ
һһ͵͵ۡ
ʵԲ£ԲУֳһӡ
ҪԵڶֻȻ𰢱Ц
Լ˵ģ¹¶ôҲãҲ˶ӡҲ֪ڼʲô
໻˸ɫ˹ŹֵúܣôŷЦǸ֪ߵغģţЦЦó
Ц⣬ѰС
ģΪŽԽԽ
ܲʱ֪ھֳЩԽĹͱԽ
ɳӰ˵Ԫ۵λıȨλ
ʵԪôⱾ䣿λҲûֺţûĹԪѹͲľŵܵʵۡ
ƨ˾Ԫ۵ĿⰸȫȨҲ׮ӣþԪ۵Ļġ
ٷֺʳˣɫҲÿöࡣ
һٴ·һԷ֣иӣҵĳ棬ճ£㣬㽫Щ¸ȥ֪ҵĸӡ
𻣵ɫף¶ǵůӣ޲ö˱
㣬ҲˡҲǿ󣬱ϾҪðյģ׷ǹʣѾ顣
࣬࿸죬ܵϢ
ҲҪ참Ļᣬһ游Ǳġ
Ѿ˽žͽη׼ҲȷʵСһζһ飬Ƕ
ü΢ǰʣλβʰ飬ͽҹѺڴˣ
һȻ֪ˡ
ֱȥηİֻŵƣľդηͷ졣
۾ȥɸսǼУͷɢĿģһʱ֪صľ˭
Ÿվ⼸η׷ô˴ˣӷԸˣ᷿ȥ
һ·ţǸҲŵƣʱ۵
ɫ糣ָϽתµƣôС¶첻ãܾ
ۿϷ
˱Ҫѵѵģɲ˵Ǿٶ۶ɫ
Ϸ㿨ڰ뵱Уݻȥ
Ī֣ᵱһȥˣҼ˺ݺݷǡ
ϷҲôˡ
۴ʱ˭ƫƫ˵ǣ˵ż©ѣعĳҲûܾ
ԣЦһС˽»룬ǻɾط˵
»͵СԺ۲ŸԺţ;ܷ˸̽һʮ䷿ݣһĵƣˡ
ߵ᷿У»ϵƣѾ̸ǣȲ裬ǰõġ
ʲôֻܷԸҡ
ҲżҲá
˹ϼ첻ȥְ˾ܻһʡТ㲻ТҲͲؼ졣
ˡ룬һЩֽʡ
ҪԵģȴҪֽʡ
»ʱʹӦ˵ˣͷҪʲô͸ʲô
ҪֽʣǼٺò¶ˣͷдʲôʱߣһȥ
»ȥȡīֽ⣬˸һ뿪Ժ䣬۾ߵǽơ֪Ǻ⡣
춯ֱ߹ȥҲǽߵ¡
ԷȴûӦˡ
۸վ֣»ȥԭסԺмӡɿȡֽһ򣺡ǲֻ˵
ˣ̿衣
ѾùսȴһһЦŸֻȲɫ˽ͽ͡
һҲûΪʲô
ᣬҲʣ֮㰲֮
۳ʱ򰢱Ǯʱӣл㱼æ
»ղۿµĥīЦǺǹš
Ըס˺Ժһ侫᷿ȥűߵͷ
᷿Ľż̿Ӷ̺֯ͷﺮ̹ǣȴů紺
»űߣӴůѬһ顣
С£ڣǷ缤Ҳ򺮲գү㻰
Խ֮Ҳ׮ϾԪµĲ¡
һ澰Ԫ顣Ϊ飬ǣˡ
£ԭڴ򣬿ƫƫԪڳʢʿͬͬԡ
㽫˾˼侫᷿Ҳڴ˳סʮ֮Ҳڴˡ
ʥʱʾ£ԾԪָɵĲʮġ
ģ˾ãûӴϣʹ˼ģС̫ࡣ
үм̺̫ҲѰ¡
»Щ̫ЦڴߣǴ˴ԽǶ񣬼ײ裬ǿо
һԲһʣô
»һһʮĻˡ
һҲûʣ
ûʡ
Ҳ£
¡
ζţ졣ҪЩʲô
Ҫֽʡ
Ŷдʲôơ


163 һ
Ȣ

»참, Ҳöˡ
սˣ˭ҲϹͬ٭ϼ, Ҳܳŵס˵ķǡ
ֻҪ̾, ʮ֮, մ׻ǴһŲ, Ŷ๩һ, ܵ
׷, һǶԸЩһģһǶԸ, ֱġ
ȻԸˣǱ̽ȹӡ
۵ãҲûȵǽ˵Ķҹһ, ˿˿иķ϶, 
ЩзӴֽ϶й֣˽
»˵̿, к̿, Ѱ̿Ụ̃Ȳӻÿ͸
۸ɴ಻ãֶʣûµĲˮī, ֽī
дϼʱīɬ, ֻòס, ٵˮīдʮҳֽһ춯ߵߣһ졣
ڵĵƻϨˣҲסִյǰԤ˯¡
˵Ǵʴһľ壬污һ㱻ˡ
ȷڸѣڽ磬ϱ¹Ĳϯ˯ôӣͱҪöˡ
Ųߣǰ͵ưͷ
̿ӣ¶ȱ컹ͱů
¶ԣϾҲж䡣˯һƿϸһ˼⣬ԭǰͷеƤá
⼸һֱģѩҪûƤӶţҹﻹ֪ô
°ҹȻʼ
ͷˮ۶ѡѶһǣ̵ȥ
۲ϣͷԺ⡣
𣬴ӴƼ˽Ժţ»ǰͷ֣ӲЩ˵ˣαȥ硣
Ҳ֪ϳʲô⻻ӣ˴
ԺеƻһֱϨ
Ժ˱Ҳⳡ֡ⳡԼǸԺԤġ
һʳһ࣬һϡ
ʱ»ˣϴЦҹû˰գڸв֪õطϴţصͷûùӳԡ
ͷѾ
ڿʵΪ½ĳûͷûβʵɺ
»Цˣã̽װ򶨣ҲǺ£˸ã˿˵
Ҫ˵ûҲ̫ˡ
ô
»룬˼Ȳ֪Ҳ˵֪Ҫ㾫Ļ
飬֪ͷ´ףЩ˴ɻĶӵּ⣬¡
˵ɻʱҧ
£
»𣺡ɲǣ鳭ĶУȫ֤˸ϿûȷҵĶգ
»˵鳭΢ѵѾȥ鳭
ӻЩĸ죿֪ðϽŲլУסɽЩɱײ
ٿ»Զ
ҡͷҾ͸ˣĪŪ˰գ
»ЦˣȻĵ˵ЩҲŶŪˣҪȻôţЪء
۾ʵòˣǣ
¡»һ˵һִٸߣʾ𾴡
Ǿ£飬ĳ¾ްϵ۹¶ı飬ңĳҲбҪæ
Тддԣʲôæ
»Ƴһ棬ϳ˿룬ֻаֽͶɨѵǺʡ
̽ڴ߷ƼдЩֽ˲ɣô룬ĿĴѰ
Ѳɣܲͷ
»һתҪ֮ʱſЩֽڴϺţ洰ˣ
»ʱתЦǲ£ô©˷ӸסҾúֽⴰغһ顣
ҲأѾסˡ˿裬õİࡣ
ҪҪġ»ۼֽϵīѾһ룬Ͻֽ
ֽʰֽ͵᷿
СӰѽ»нȥ»̽˵סС˴£С©˼ڷ磬˵Լ¾޸ϵү顣
ҶеͷҶ÷滨Ц˿ڲ裬̽ɻ֪µĵ
»ЦҪҪٸ͸ڷ磿
ȷҧңҧҵĻĵġѡǱСмǵѵԼҲ˼ڲϡ
»ף鶼Ѿѳˡ
ޣҲܰѸͳȥʫһ䶼ջȥɢģؼҵˣоǲԭ档
Ļڲ鿴龿кβͬǷܸҶ
»˵̽Ҳǿ˲ʯͷԽ»дĶأ
»һͰ͵ֽ
Сõбüôһӽζ˵ų»˷۶ǶƲϣͳָ⡣
»ֻЦӣҳû͸ġ
СӰЩĻţдһ飬ô
ȵĻдˣһҳҳЩ©ľӣֽδܳд
꣬˵Ƕƹˣ
ǡĸĻţõļ
ͼ˻һۣһλ곤壬飺汾СѾү˱Ҫе²źã
飬һǾɼһǾ۵޶¼
ʵô
գ°ѽ׵ʫ¾ɾڣıԶǣ죬֣ռһοռ
°ϵºͿӡʱ䣬ǾԪ۸յǴλ֮ʱ
ǻ۾ѾԤ˴˿̣׼
ĺдУһ廳ΪӵĲ޸׵Ĵ游д˸顣
ǡФӡۡ
һФޣⲻФ֣ȡТӲסԳƲФӣ˵ȫ븸ײͬҲΪ¾ҵ˼
ТӲ׵ĺһ䣬ҳ
ϵĶд۵˵ǹ᳹ţһ
ϾԪ۵İͷҲ
ԳƲФʵТڿڣġТ£ⶥñӿ۵ͷϣĸٵĶԲ
۵׵Ǹδ˵ḯˣԪƲϵľˡ
˵øףõ̽ӡ
ѡ˭
ۡ
ѡ˭
ٴνԣ֪´˷ĵĲӣٴ۵ð֡
ȻˣλΪ˼
֣֧ȷʵô
Զǣûк־൯ǲѡᡣοǰˣٻꣿ
۴ʱǰƷС٣̤ʯʩһѣǸõ˲ġ
Ƕ£Ȼã۵񣬶ѳˮ֮ơ
ֻһ
彫˵÷󹧾ѡѡᶼкôүᡣ
ף˼Ƭֿ̣һۼλĻţ֪ﶼۡ
ȥһۣǼҵִ


164 
Ȣ

һƱ³ʤ
ϻ˵, һ·ǸЩȥ·
λû, Ҳ¡
ԭİ, û˹ķ巿֮ǰ, Ҹƾ¡
³ʤӹƱ˾Ӹ, , ŵòҿ, ֻʱ
³ʤһֱţƼʾ˷, ɷɫס
ŷֵãżͣҿǸӼСˡ
졣ü, Ǵ, ôһýȥҪǵȵ˳鷿ˡ
ͬϻ˵ֻЩѳʳȥֵ, ҪҲ, ǣߴҲá
Сס
ų³ʤ뿪̧ͷһ۶鷿
꣬ûƵʱԺбѹѹģݼ鷿, 
˿鷿ĵƵ
ݵͷȥԸ, ӴԺ˺ҩ˯, ߹ءд˾񲻼ã߹ˡ
дʲô䰾һҹ񻹺á
Щο˵Ļǰдģλдģ˵үߴ
֪н׵˼˴ʱдҲѩ̿ˡ
˼Ļϡ
岻ıףҪǼ嵹ˡ
˯˾ͺãˣؼһˣߺ̣ӱġ
Ÿ䣬ٷ˵ˣҽӭء
ӢһϢϣŵѹҪš
ȷһ󣬵ϻڡ
ܼҵŮڣǱҲ
Լغøţгû͵ġʱ̫̫ڷУ̫̫ð庰
̫̫ϵͷ
һˣŵз鶼òסˣʱӽлɲ˽ȥƤࣿ
ĴӲ¶Ǹǻܶʲô¶
Ҫ֪ͣԼûܣɻЩģزס׾
֮ǰԸ뿪ǣʱֲԸǻ
ڷУֵǰĸ׻ôֻɣǻ£ɡүͶһȥˣĵܶ㲻˵ġ
̫̫޵һѣһѡ
Ͽʱľȣ̫үˣҲų
ɷû£Ӳ²Ҫ
ζҪдģ̫̫Ҫ㷿ĶӸһš
ɵ֣ҲǸǣĸףĳ˵׼ҲشĵܿЩ·
˱ţǱвͨġ
Щ£ϰͲͨڴǱɴ඼ٷˡ
ϵҲ֪ʱٷ£һּģϽš
˵䣬ӢѾɽ
׵ʱֱ͵Ժ鷿ȥģͷصɽĵסǴ˼ҵĹء
˵Щסʣ˵ˣô£Ҫգ
Ȼǰοû¶ʻѡ
ƫƫֲھ뵽ӢǼһᣬóеС
ٶʲô׵ģæ˲Ը֣Ŷظҡ
ţȻˡ
Ӣ켱ʣ˵ʲôзӣ
ҡҡͷ¶ǡʵǣ̫㣬˲ϰæҲѰ
Ӣݺݣɮ滹Ҫ棡Ǽʮھˣѵûսϰ
ǰıΪҲ˵ΪˣдŵʱҲֻһϣ
죿
һǿλɩɩĸûֵܰġǵÿͬ٭ͬ
ͳȥаգûġ
Ӣ鰢ûأŰǧǳ¶ҲóҲúҲ˯֪֪
ͷСôģҲôġ
֤ҲûãӢɲģǵۿŰġ
Ӽ״ȥݲˡһһء
ʳһżζûŵζʱûоŵζ뵽æһˣֻ˱źۡ
иƿŶ
һŶһ㾬
ڳЩʳƫƫʳŶ԰θڣԵĲһŲˣ
׷ӰӰųԡ
ٷ˳Եü򵥣ˣ˾Ѽ
ʱǾ˳ѼӺʱڣѼѾЩ⣬̷֪ҲǳģС⡣
ӢĲɫ֪һڹ£ûҵϡ
ڻǼս˽Ӣ֪ӳܡʱѼһӶû֪Ѿͺˡ
Ӣĵ˿⺢úܣû˵ǹȥġ
ۿŶ跹һӶԸɾˣӢŷģʱ˵ǻЩھӣҶȥ
θģͷ꣬Ҳ
޺ϷŵС
һҲմˣԭһ졣
Ҳ֪ûûܶ
ʱԤ
ѾͷǶ˵ЩʲôðЩ¸дণʲôù￪أ
ĬĬ㼸ȥ
⼸羪֮񣬽ڽߣӶˡݶӣ˯գ롣
Сڱ㣬᲻ᡭ᲻ֳҡ
ޣݶһڣɥģǽþһ飬Ҳֿˣ
ǵȻһġ˵䣬·ʲô£һꡣ
ԽԽ󣬰˵Ҫ˯ݺӱ
ӳͷαߣȻţҹԽԽůѬ˯
ǲţ޺ϣ飬ʵûӾİߣɴҹ
ûô˵ͣ˻ŵţ
죡
ϰӴţǰһƬůӿ
Ǳ鷿Ҳɡȥǳ³ʤˡ
³ʤһʪݣٷˣˣܰѶͽȥ
ҷȴ˾Ǹŷ˺ü֣ǰ⡣
򣬸ˣȥҲ˯ϢģǺüûѣȥһɾġ
ų³ʤǺ£³ʤ˵˲ؾţСֻҼҹӿɻá
Ǹ˵ģ˲δŴںСԺסš
³ʤЦˣʣ֪С˽ȥҼҹЩɾѡˣ˾һڡ
һЩ취ܻȥ
˭֪⻰ŵɫ֣ɲɣҡڹӼпʮ֮꣬ǰֶʮ꣬̿๥ʮ꣬ŸհƷ
вأǶٲɡ
³ʤһסСҲ֪Ϊѷˣָֻ˭ǸԺӣ
˿ĭǣһ˵ˮͿϰ¡иմϳģӸˣ»̫ҽء
»һľ¥÷³ʤƻȥָָ¥Ǹǡ
һǮҲûգ³ʤҪڣŵתܡ
¥˶ӣ³ʤһֱţ˳극ȥԺ
³ʤǸڽһƣ׼˿գŮһƱ뷨Ӱѽ»
»˸䣬һ³ʤĴģ֪ļҵĳ档
Щ߹ϵģֻҪ˵ģͶǾһֵ̧¶ҽҩҲǰ첻
˿ӡ
¶ҲѰ졣»£³ʤϽ˱ƣʾ
˵
˭ʲô¶
СḮĳ棬һ˴ϵһҼҹӣͼ¡
»֪ۣҵ£ѹͲ¶
ǵðѳ۳Ķ
ү˶¶͸֪Ҫ˵ģЩϾû£Ҫ˵Щ
ˣǸˣŹģһĻ
۵ĳȥĸ˵ĻŸţ
»»ʱˮʱˮҪ죬ˣǿɶá
»´һۣУ¶죬µֵǣҲܵ۵ýֻ۱ֻۡ
ǣǣȻ³ʤͷȷӣǸ˵ġǰԲ˾ˮϯĿ
³֮Ҽ˻л
˵ˣ찲ż档
꣺úܺá
³ʤҵٷ˽ңհȥ
ҡҡͷȥȥ


165 һ
Ȣ

Ȼ۷˵ȥ
װϾǵʱ, ͰװֻʱͻСװš
һ·ֲ, ˶ֻǼСү
, üӨѰŮҪխϸôҲӡ
ױ, ϸüëҪٻôЩ, ͿͿڡǰ
¶ǰɹȥ͵׻
Ͼʱ, õľϷ
żͿҲûʲô, Сү׵۵ҲѰ, ɺŪˡ
ݵ׵ӵϹ׻ңȰĨ, ٰüëŨ, 
ûù׻ҼӸӵüɫ
°û飬ɴཫһһС뿪ȥ, ڼҰĸ, һ
ŰⱲҲûУ뵽Ҫ˶ͷס
Խʱ, Խ˵ɥĻ
ĬƬ, һĻû˵, ŤԸݱףȥҰͷü֧Сűʣ֧üϺ
ݱ׸ҪȥֵȵȣҵĻߺױжȡ
ݱ׷ɿȡݺһͬɫ
׻Ҳɣ죬ⶫĥϸЩҲûʲôɡ
ôȾˢСűϸˢա
üְüëһ滭һһһǴսϸҲƲ
ڰͿͿŪŪҲûͿֱʱݵһֵļӣӡ
ߣҲһŮҪָڷޣָź롣ͿϺڸ࣬Զ
ȻϺĻҲӣģ忡Сˡ
³ʤʱˣ˰ҹһ£Щٷˡ
ţ⣬Ͽ졣
ɻ˾סٷɨأҸЦ
Ҫٷ˸ı⣬ͼٷվŸСˣü΢ڣģƵ
һϸⲻװٷˣ
߰աһ֣ӱ󣬵ٷʱǿ첻жˡ
³ʤֹ壬ȰĻȥ
һ˽˳ȥ
ƼЩϷ̺ݶþЪڷУߣżȡ
סһ̧ͷʣ㣬ôˣ
һ²һ£û¶û¶ۻˡ
ȸߵߣѾɽš
ڳУ˸ͬںͬͣţ³ʤ߹ȥ
³ʤҿ̫ðա
ãýƳͽ³ʱЩţԽԽɣʱɫûһƵóŮ
ٿѹ˵߹ʱ̯ϵŮۡ
ΪƳһۣŮӾתͷȥ
ߵ˾ź³ʤվڰǰסȻ»ȥ
ʱһȰ

Ǹĸ⣬ҽȥݱסҲûʲôҪס֮μ
Ҳֲ
ͷСģԴϽεģԹֻҪԼȵסͲ¶μ
ô룬źǵСһϢ΢͡
ǿ
³ʤѾǰ벽ˡ
»ֱһɨƻƣûƳֻһͷ
³ʤ΢ࣺȥ¡
ôȥ»һʡ
³ʤ˵ʣ֪ҳڹ߰£ھˣǱϳ񲻵˸ϵ
»һͷмֵõϸ
ȷʵǸܰ¶ˡ»˵ֳ尢ϰա
ڽ»УǵխŻˡ
³ʤľסںͷⲽǵţҲ֪ӳҪô
ڽ»Ҷ࿴źžͿΣδ߽żѪζ
»ǰ꣬ðһ塣
һ˵һ룬ǳ³ʤͽã³ʤǳͷµˣƭ
ۣһţȥȻ˵֡»ȫΪǮȵ۸Ҳó顣
ͷ֮ǰĿڷ֮ԽԽȣˡ
»˵һ˼ûǮƣ˸һֲͣһ¡
װźµģ̧ͷڽ»
һ·ʲô¡
˶֪»ߵ˸СˣҲΪµģûȥ»
ƹԺ䣬ж˲鳭ᣬһСǣһſǰڲз֮
˾᣺⴦㲻㣿
ǿҲ㡣
ۣһͽߵڲϣͿЩСԱϲŹ
;л˷𣬰һ۽ϳ
Ҷ࿴ž֪ˣҲҶ࿴Ťͷȥ
޾յСԺ»ߵţˡ
¹ڴţô
ֱ鲻ԣԵĻŵķˣٶл磬һͷġ
˺̿Ҳ˴壬Ӷµġ
²ǼʹӴ㣬»á
»׽飬ðϢͳȥ
ʱѾڣҪдĶ»ˣõúܡ
վڽ»
ۿţеƻӳ֮ʣ̧ͷ¶գ۾
է֮ʣûϳһ㵣ű»Ц˲¡
ʲô˵Ļֻ˵С˾Ժſڵš
ӣ롣һŽϡ
˸Ķ˫ַסļ磬治ţ㡭󵨣
û뵽󵽸ֱӻ˾
ģüͷƳ
ҡͷ㶼ûһϳοˡˣ
󲮶мλֶˣҽԶԶţȫȥ˽һׯԺ³ʤСӵıԺ
Ժڴ£ʵµġ
΢ϱӿû¡
á૳
ֻƬ̣׹˼Խ»ŻôҲֵñϱӻ
Ȿ˵һֶΣٶ˶ء
ϱҲˣʱΪʩԮ֣䲻ͶЧɾȫĶ£ֻܹ
÷߳ʹȼ׼л´Ӻζ
Ҫû游ǱϣͶΪѡ
ż游ǱҲ£ڱǰӰ졣
ֻҪ֮ǰܱãҲüɵ
Ԫ۵۾಻ɳӡ
飬ʱī󣺡ӹīī۳ȡֽд˷š
һдһ˵īɣͽŵ𽻸һһžó³ʤȥ¬
á
һ⣬㽻ĸ׺ʹĸҪ󲮵ģûˣֻýĸˡ
á
ںСһģס󣺡ɫ
۵ʱʱ²£
¡տʼЩµģԽԽ£ֲʮ˲ʲô¡
ôвأĵһᣬԽԽ
Բס㵣£ҪðšŰһҾл㱨š
ðţϼ죬ֻҹζࡣ
۲գԴ
ȥŲԺ鷿Ҫ鳭ģģд¡
а˳ɰյģ˭֪׵ʫ緢ƫֲͽ
ˣͷҲˣ͵øС
ߵߣȡһָŷĦƬ̣Žϡ
ţϣٴ򿪡
дҵģдʲô̧
۲𣬶պãЩ뿪
Խ̧סۣˡ
Ҳͷ۽һ
뱧þЩΨֱ˷֣ɿ߰ա


166 
Ȣ

֮ǰ, ӻ˵ʡ
˯úòãԵúòáֻ˰յ裬ʱлҲ˵
ֱڼ, ֻǵౣء
ҧס, ģøϽͳȥ
۴, »Ժűߵţ͸¡򰢱ҪŽ»ȥ, ر
ݿڽ», ̽Ѿ֪Ӿ, Բſ
ء
˵ʹС뿪СԺƳȥ, ƹһԺ䣬˴ԡ
һ£ýǽӭϽ», ʣ», ôлΣûɲ¸㣿
»Цӭǰȥ޴ˣɲлΡ
ֻõͷǽվš
Ǽ, ϷҪ, ˭ãƫƫ
ǰ겻, Ĩ, Ծл۽, Ҳϲ
Ҳ֪ڰⰸˮʮ㣬»ĿлΡ
۾һɨɨվǽߵСϡ
ĿջȥͶСһǽͷԽԽùŹ֣ʾ»
»׮޴и㡣
ԱǿС忡ҲûϣͷŹҪʱ۽һƳ
Ų΢ͣСˣ
»Գ
»ʱתΪѾŪȥˣԵ˫ȭͷ߬ɵͷǽ
Լǰͬ»˵۾ȴסСˡ
»ãλүë˲֪ǹ٣ŸÿҪ仰ῴƤС˰գ
СüĿȷʵмֿΣҲ̫ˣλүѽ
ֲ֪˶ˣرǹдͳһŮЩǰûҴΪū澵Ůӣò飬ŵϺš
˵õ˶ˣּŮ͸׵ƣƫƫûѰһġ
ˬǶ۾˼֮
ֻҪۼۣԱ룬̽Ӧͷˣֻ֪ʶʶ˵
èƵģ޼֮ƫƫڲʶС
ʱѾˣĳ룬ڴ˴ټ
װ磬Ȥֻ޸ľʯˣŮʱĥ롣
û뵽аŮװɷ
ԽעԽ̧ͷͷȫˣ֪ʱ
ϸʪ£żһ꣬ڱǼһƣ㱻紵ɢ
ζѩżһΣϸŵ
סԳĳѣˣүͷء
Ŀⶢָڷ̲סָеľŽڱޡ
ڵĿ˻ȥŽ»˵ͷʮֺƣȥգȻټ
ڽ»ֱתǽǣеĿⶤϡ
˾ϳˣûϳ
³ʤںխŵǽͷĶٷ˱ʶơļ٣խš֨ѽ졣
Ͻӭǰȥǽ»˳
࣡һ˵һͳ⣬»һ
»֮ͣõģֻҲôֵǵľǮǮС
żǺЦˣ»£Ǻ˵
³ʤǰ󣬶˻߻ͣĺͬϳȥӻȡȥ
³ʤƬҲҵ飬˱Уһţһظ
¬һƾȥѧ¡
ʣµţһǸĸ׺ʹĸģһٴ򿪵ġ
˵ġơǵ򲻵ʱܲ𿪡
ŷ⣬ϸá
һ·еḮţǶţһɿѴ£żɽȥ
ɲȥʹĸǰŵιȥɡ
ɽˮӶڵƽµĻӲ𣺡ӡ
һھˮð¶μҺµС°ˣ
ݴˮòϴһ飬ˮϴɾЩ
ǿѺϴð˻ѣȥ
ôһûֻ֣˵ɩɩ˷纮ڷЪϢ
һС˵¡
ȥˡ
˳ָĿڣ㣬㵽Ķȥɣ
˾
ס˻δſڣ䵽ǰɳ˿ͷӣЩҪȥΪͷ̣۸ûȥŽȥ졣
ɫ򶨣֪ǡ
£ҲûصʹӣͷסòҲûҲûܶ
סᣬֽдŵݸɸʹĸţ԰꣬վͺˡ
ӣȴֲңָŷԸȥȥѴѽ
Сȥ˴󷿣˵ųҲ˲̬˷ʱ˻ڴ
Ͻסϣ˳˵Ŀ⿴ŷ⣬ӹŲ𿪡
˽ϣʣΣ
ϻ³ǲؾţǲҪ鱨ȥüͷѾͳȥˡ
Ĵ£һݸô⣿
ҵľ룬ڳеҲС΢ǵ߹ϵһ֪˹ׯԺУ֡
ʲôãͷԺôˮøЩܰʲô¶
˰һۣϱһֶϱ˵ǵĲǣ
γף
ٲãҲǿ֧ӦŻھô꣬мĿǮµѣ
οҲдˣҪŲʵЩļģ
ϡĸس㲻סԺ𣬾ŲɷԺȥŷвҲԽẔ́ܽ˵Ķϱ
ɲһһŶţŮǶغá
Ҳ⼸죬ҲϲͷûţǴӪʣ׸
ϣĸסѧѵ
ɷϱȴ룬ٴΪͳʶࡣ
ȴֻʴĸһ£Ἧ׷죬ǹ˳飬㱻һҪη˵
ۼϱɩԣԺס񣡡
ûͷ£ɶŴĸش
Ȼû취ش뿪ˡ
ѾͷӶзԺѻȸ
˿˰һۣü̾ϢŲԺ
ͰȥԺﻹ˸ҳҲڣһֱ͵űߣŵ˵е
ɹеûá
һЦôЦó
㣿ɲʱˣָס̴ڣ㲻Ų
ôأĸ׸ĸ˻ӣ
Ҫ뷨ӡ˵ɽȥһ·һ·취Ҫôдģʵأ
صУֻߡ
£һǿʲô̫̫ǶϹϵڶݶȥɷԺ
ķ巿˲ǣҲؽ


167 һ
Ȣ

ɷԺı, ޸̫̫㷿ҵӡ
˵˳ؿһۣЩӵĿ๦û׷ѡ
뷨Ϣ̫̫Ƕȥ, ̫̫ǱߵҪ, š϶̫̫ߵˣײǳš
ϱ۵, ˷š
ǡȥ, , ֻݶŲţ
˶һ, ɣ°û
˴, ѾͷСǸ˾ְ⴮üڷ˵, ˵ȥӡ
ס
֪Ըⱻؽ, иȨ֮ƣȺŪ󷿺˲źá
ҲãǾ˵ͷҪʰ˺̫̫, Ҳлɻء
ûʻ, սʱĹ̫̫񵨴Ƥ񣬾ĸ, Ҳûʲô
Լˡ
ɿǺ, ҲĶ
żҸĶһүֲڼ, һĸŭҪϱϱѵӻȥɣ
ӺˣܱӲǿ
°ַڣӶϣʱʰָݶ͸ϾŲȥ
ɣԽǼҵʱԽҪ
Ҳװģʰϻ˲ʣһҲֻʰЩˡ
ݶͷʰѣʣŲôôˡ
ݶһһٷﶫ࣬õøɾײ֪ٷ˵ϲá
ȥݶЦˣֲţϽʰա
ʰݶ֪ﾹҲ˲ټҵףѱĶִСࡣ
š
ݶЦˣʮˣʱ㲻˫ݣЩϲĸʹĸ
ʹػؽ̧ԺȥСѾͷǵĶһζ᲻ꡣ
һţһ洵һĸףѾͷ˵ѾʰˣݴѾͷʰء
˵˵ͷźãԽʱڣԽֵһġ
˵飬˼գ۵·࣬̾ҲˣȥЪŰա
ˣֻ³裬ΨֵǶӣԵ񣺡߹ǸТ˳ġ
ǰԭֻʶȤ¶֪мܸɡɫ̾һ죬˶°
ȥ۵涨µ˼ˣ˼Ҫס
´ɩҲֻĸھΪɣȥзִҪˣŮѵܲˣ
¶ţ֪ˣöġ˹׵ĹѰһźףʵѡ
ɥĵ˼ң˵ãﱸ񣬿ûһҵģ˹治ƽĻ»û䡣
ֻҡͷⶼǽˡ
˼ԶЩûŶ
أûǸ˼ҲûˣСȥˣֻ³˵强ˣеġ
ٿҪһ˼Ҿ͵ͷױҲҪٺ֡
˵ЩС£ǣҶӣٿص˵ôȥ۸ģ
ûڣò˵ʱν˳
Ҫܶ¶Ҫй뷶ͷģٷ˴£׼
ۣ֪֪ġֻǡֻܷǳ֮
ӣĥһĥһլԺг棿
ͺˣﲻҲǵŸӵģ¥ŮЩ黭ӡ
΢Լһʱ벻ô
ôǡЦˣǻ˻¥Ů¥ŮûҵŮ廨ԧ첢٣ڹɽˮ
ü𣬱˵ϣ¶һ˿ɬ
ô
ͷˣ̫ɬ
ӹ룬ⶼˣ˵ͷ
һǵ֮ԵģǳٳٵŸ飬Ҳǻźˡ
ÿ˼ˣ㲻Ķ԰Ͽ
ȥһɷԺɶʲô
֪һΪ˰İգ۸ϱǸխġ
ɽһͨæңָǰ
ٷ˳ԲĲߣٷ˵ıīķһϸˤˡ

ŴһأɲʱӲƻԵȡǷš
ⶼ鼱֮дģīδ͸һдõģϸϣͷ¡
ŲԺʱû粵ȴ˵
ȵбٿҲɵɽˮҪʲôƣ
ÿڣѩֽŷл
չһڵ
һ⣬顣
Եʼޡ
Ĳͬѹһ⡣
ɫ֮ر
ʳǡ
ԸǧꡣԸǧꡣ
һ䣬д顣
ѩָֽ׺Ųס
룬뵽ƣ
Ԥ֮ɹʳǮǸǰ
ӻæңһȡ

ʣôˣ
ĶµõµŲԺӣܲ⡣
ⲽѩֽ͸ڵ£һѳ飬סˣȦס졣
ͷȷɡ
ôˣ
ɽڵƻ磬ӿŰӰػأ֪ŭˡ
ǰߵߵţҪҪԵʲôڣˮ׻ûء
һգڰ죬㲻Ŷ
ʱðɣöˡ
ͷĶҪðˣûбõѩˮҲãľѩˮҲãʲôŪһ
ΪŲԺӣҲ
ḮȻصбʱȡҲѣͼǮǡ
һյᵽɽãϺһĹۣ˼ڣžƽ
֪ΪãⲻҪĺá
һյ¶ǣִֽ
Ըǧꡣ
һ䣬ڿأ
һȴ繡
˵Ǻ飬ʵһš
ȡʯϻСԿ״ͭϻװδǰдż
飬ϻ£ϻʯ񻨡


168 
Ȣ

ڶ, Ǳ߱ʺʱŲɷԺ
һߣҲɳ, , ȻҲŰص, ȥ棺ʰء
˲Ƶ̫, Ҳ벻ף˵, ôô󣿴Ҷסڶ, ôƫҪסԺ
һʱһʱס, ﲻ̫ƽȻҪŲ
δʱҲסڶڵģٿݰ, Ҳ
費˵Եģͷ, ҹʰˣҲǹӣˣҲû˵ʲô
ɽ, װæµʰӡ
ݲ̫̫͸ڷ, ϵöԣ̫̫ǶȻжˡ
ϼǽϷ˵ȫϷḮӪ˼ʮأߵѾͷ״, ݿҲֻܶסĸ
Ϣȥ, ̫̫Ļס
ƿ, ֻɱѺ˾ϱûܹңɵϱ¼޺úŪ
Żᣬ˴ˡ
ûʹ̲ţ·
С˸һ·糿ûɢ˾˴ۿŴŻġ
ͷ֪ˡǱһûʲôֻʱˡ
鿴ʮֹٷ˻ʲôԸֻܲǲҡ
ҡͷʱֻеˡ
͵Ŷͳ
³ʤðŸ¬һ¬ѽµ۳ȥ۵ѧǶ顣
ʱ糯ûɢҲ֪ûյϢ
鷿ؿߴȻؼȥɽõ˲࣬ôá
ݽ㣬ʰʰȵȥӵЩߡ
ҡͷҸڹߡŤֶԽ㵽ԺԼɷԺǡ
ĿᶨͷӦʣá
˵һͷ죬꣬ɢͷӳԺкӣˬá
ϲģǾš
ϼɽʯڰ˽ͤУɽߴԵġ
һʱɽ˸˾ְ¯ȡּ̿¯һ¯ɽȪˮһ¯ٰ
ͭпǣɫտȻ̲סõһճǼơ
ĿǰԺȵ̲ס΢΢һЦֻһ棬ɲǿճǼơ
¯ˮУͤ㣬ڴʱطɱžŴ˸ơ
ˡ
һӱδḮǰϾ϶š
ɼǰ֧Ӧȹţ뵽ϱŲûУ󷿵Ѿͷ֪Ϣ㶼ҡͷ
ضŵĶСٷأ
Сҿڣ飺ɩɩأ
Ȼ֪ûţ촽ֱɫɷף֪
˲Ҫιȥ죡ȥɷԺƣûС
СһһɷԺȥŶˣе׳ţܵɷԺһƣٷ˵Ӱӡ
ȥʱò޳
־ŭôã
һѷסĸĸĪ˵ˣֻ鷿ֲǡֲǡֲǳҡ
ɫɷףԺгӣѾͷҲڷУԺһž
ʯɽͤڣԶԶ˽
ĿѣһɨȥϳӵǸˡ
ԸսԺţ;һĿԼϣ̧ͷϱ߼ɽʯͤŸǳŮӡ
ͤУûѰ󸾴磬ڷϹǽغɫޡ
ν𣬴Ϳüޣ˫Ŀ˪
ҶɫԿ뾰뻭ʱȴȫߵ׺
֪˭ӧڽǰ˵˺ûŵõ׮¡
ģڴߵ֣ǳᣬҪǲֵùѿḮˣݶˡ
Ҳ벻ͨСôͻȻҵ¶
ڷˣѼ鱨츳Եϲ֣˷ӣΪʲô
ѵΪ˸ʽ飿
ʱɻ󣬴ԭһ֪Ϊʲô
λˣ
üʱѾǰԸŮбܿóײôһŮӸ£ǰ
ԲҲ
ĿֻڴͣƬ̣Ϳӵ塣
鷿ǰʱԸḮ참ȥҲͬɺçײܳײḮŮǡ
ʱΪ׵Ϳ塣
廹δڣԻȻԵˣҲм֮Ե˷ֻΪ֤ϵܸ棬˾ܻؼ
飬˵ͷ
ŲԴ˽ݲ鿴
鷿˽ϵڣæһʱضסֽš
ԻվԺУζֱֱס
ߵĳˣĵĪ̽ķ˰գ˲ãѰ˼ҵŮȢɣǿǹٷˣ
óȻģӢԡ
ˣһ֮͡
ԽǿԽ͡
˼ǵ֤ݣзӰŪϡƫƫʱҪ£ۣķǱǲɵõɽ¡
Ը̼춯ֹ
һֱ彫̧ߣҲδԾʾ
ͷɫ
޴ˣ¹ѽ°ˡ
ߵߣԻĿת˼Ů쿴
ƻ
˷ʻ࣬ޣ䣬ҹ㣬СұӦоС
ֻɫ࣬ڣϼ粣ӷѩܶɫֺ
뵽Ǹľʯˣ֪ԼȢʲôıô
ǰѾ̧ɽȴٳٲߡ΢ʾлҪ˵
ɴתͤУͤ£Ըݣ衣
¯вˮУ̺裬Ӱٰ͵ֱߡ
ҪȥҲ˲⣬ḮЩôҲЩʲô
ԲϼɽҲ¼ɽ
һͤ£һͤУŽ֡
ɷŮװ˾ɫʶһŮƭƭġ
ͣ˼ɡ
ɽȴõȲԣбģϲ¶Եĳʹ˸ɫɡװա
һˣΨĽߵģסԣֵù֣ʱյϢ
Ҳ֪ۣȥȰˣүڵءµĲ£ɲûȥ칦
ü˰һۣת뿪ˡ
ãֱ뿪վԾʯɽ
һֱ鷿ȫ̿ٷ˵ɫ¡
飬θϷ¶˵ˣҿĺǿس޹ӵĲ顣
ͷЩ۶˵ˣҪۿܷġ
֮ʣſˣϺٷȥ


169 һ
Ȣ

Щ, Ҳġ
˭֪߽ϷͼĸŭݣҲü, Ǻۿ, ҡͷ
ôˣһֻ뽫ǰͷ¸, ŲԺӵȫ׵Ժˡ
δ߽, ϱ, 㲻񳤱ѵ, 㳭ТƪŮƪ
ס, δĸ˶ŭ
ϻ䣬˱㳶סӣɩҪǵȹ۸ǻ, ٷҲ١
˼Ƭ, ˵ͷĿɨձҪŲ
ӺƭǶԸ⣬ֻŻơ
ͷôЩ, ƫƫزضš
ֻҪؽ, ۵ϹӾͰȫˣҲˣ
żһۣʾ˵˵Ūȥ鶼סͷӦ˵
ɰԸɷԺȥ, Сء, ܻȥ
ɩȥǰ鷿Σ˵ۿȰС, ֻȰϡ
ҲԸ̧ˡ
Ŷ˳ĵǸﵣˡ
˵ˣŰҲ֪ôأһЩҪǸʲôô죿
ԵŮҪô죿
أֻ֤ô񣿺οοҪҲÿ¡
˼̲ܶסʧҡͷ¶ˣҹؾصİһƪТһƪŮ볭ã͸ĸȥ
˵Ʋȥٿ
űߡ
ĸŭҪʲô
˲ֻ¶һʧ˼ܵý
ֵģҲʡôĸûʸܽ㣬ǻûּң˼ңҲʸ㣬֪ô
֪ˡ
𣬱˳ȥ
˼׷ĸأĸҪȥõġ˵Ҵδй˵Ȳ̵ܽϱ
ʵǺϸҸǿϺƭϿŲˡ
ƫƫϰԸҲԸƭ
ĸ˵˻Ÿĳɳ飬㳭סĸ첲ȫȫβݣ˶˿
֪ס֣ңʧ
һ£Ѿˣû취
ܽԼһΣȫڱϡ
ȥҿѵ鷿ķΪǸ˵Сӣʵεġʵµ˽壬̬ȣϵòĸײعġ
ܿЩסͰſڣȰҪҪϸ֪ӣû˵ڡ
˲ס̾ϢԭãȢ佫ҵŮççЩˡ˭֪£֪ƢӲҸɩô죿
ݰѰЩ˵һ顣
ſڽࣺѵ鷿
ǣɩɩ˵˷
ôҵأֻҡͷû˵ȴˣ˽ᣬðѰӺúĥһĥ
ˡ
صɽСҪȻŲɣԽ˵ԽСϷŵôҴ߳Ļڷ顣
ţҪǸϲТǿô죡
Ųʣ³ʤأϢ
˻ûŵţһʱػ
ڴȥȴ壬СӴƫȴ
Ԥͼɫ֪죬㽫ϲɫȥүԸ£¹Ѿˡ
һۣ糯һۡ
Щòˣôѳģô˻ȥ
ۣȻк֡
ϵģۿ˹ӼĽǮͻۣۺ󻹸ʲᡣ
һ׮һ׮һһʣװףܹʮᣬ۳ӱʮ
Ԫ۵ͥŭ
䣬׹ǿ۲סˡ
ԪʵݣʵʱʵǰǱҪģʵҪˣܲš
ɡϷųһ룡Ҫһ뻹ûأ
ŸռһΣŽͷٵԺȥۡøٰԸ˵һ˵
ʶˣֿԮ֡
Ժлƴ۵ļˣʱˣҲܱ˶༸顣
ˣۿͷˣƷۣڹӼΪòһ塣ƫƫеһ룬ԼӸƷˡ
ѵۣһ⣿
˼ȥֵ¹ȥдؽݰдϸЩͷҪˣҪߡ
ñ֪үһƬТģİ참
ȥд鷿޳Ҳһ̧С
ȥ죬ԸʵƢ͸Ҫˡ
ǣ¹پȥ죬޴ҪҪҲߴٴߴ٣
ͷתȥ죬ôԸϽ˶Żȥ
ԴǣصׯԺսűĸ˳ӭүˣȰţԡ
һ֣óһϯ͵ԺȥԤˮϴ
ʪ䣬Ҳ򣬾ס참
˴ӵŴԻԺԺ᷿ɽˮ˼ʯԡңȪۺʱԡ
˿׺Ƥλ˱ɴڣν壬¹Ϊѥ
Ц̣ͷô䣬үô磬ǰʲôȥ
Զˣкɫվǽ£Ӧȴش
һϲڿڣЦܽүôģһҵòӡ
ˣиְģ
˵֣ʱ۾ֻڳϼУΪϼӳյģ
üëӣϸʲôȴ벻
Ժбֻ˫ǵ۾
λɴˣһλҶüʤѩֻĬĽ˵Цȫ̱տڲԣԽۣȽ
ɴݽУȴƫƫ̷
λɫ䣬ηԣֻƳ˼ۣȥ
ʱ
Եˣǹˣ⼸տϢ
ҡͷҳ˴£Żܵøϣοοɵ㶵ñʯŮ
ȻҪСĽúõ׮ͷˡ
˼仹Ǹ֡ҲϢֲҲˣ嵽ȥ
£˼СҵĵĲӲ¡
ɴڱɴһ˫ʮֻᱡĽ£˸첲ϡƿе¶԰羱
ٿ㣬û۵ӣ
ɴһ٣ġ
Իݲ䣬ɺ棬Ǻʱģ
Ծǰģ⣬ʤ֡ңӨף޹ǡ
⼸ӣʤԶӡ
ɴ˴аָڴԼ米ʹƽ磬ΪūΪŮԶԶ
Իйհģ
۾ǲǼ
ɴȻɿ̧ͷ˴һֵۣͷȥ
ˣǵŮ۾֪ǰ̹;֪̽ҲΪ
ɴ˸첲˳ˮ£ʲôԸ
ˮһʲôԸֵɣرҪ١ǿϧŰա


170 
Ȣ

ɴʰѳ
λ˿Ŀ뺬, ԼǹټŮŸƫƫӾͳһס
λ˿Ŀ, ֱصС
˴ɴ, ʱڸ÷˲Ȼ, ², ϸˢմ, ڱڡ̦ϸϸˢɾ
һ²þ, ִӴƿеö衣
ڿнϡ飬һϡ
˿Ϻ, ˿Ѫ
˿һӽ̿С
Ѿڹܲˡ
뵽ЩŮ˰뺬Цһ
ߵŮˣúܿ졣ÿһòŮ븮, Ҳǽ˸̺
Щ븮㵽Ժѧ, ѧֻּ֮Ҫ磬ϯϣԱȡ֡
гɫ, پ־ϸѡ͵Եǰ
, ǰܵôԵĿأòȫΪò
һųĹū, ĸûкóòƽ, ĻԼ
Խĸۡ, ˣ˸ÿʱ򣬾ժ£͸ЩŮӵȥΣȫƾ¡
бµ£ûµľתת֡
Ը⵱ת˵Ǿ͵ɵó
˼ţץĵһᣬʹӱⲻøòС
ԷǸ⣺۾ǲǼ
մ޵ģ۵ӣ
̽Ϊ㵹մ޵ּʶ˵ķ֣ҲΪ㵹Ǹ큸Ůк洦
ױȡױߣɸǶһϸʵ֬һһʻڴϡ
̺СѾͷʶˣһա
Ӧһȴͣ£ϸĽһϣŶ
ó裬סӱǼλҲԵģƽյĳԴöҲϸ
һ˽û¶ڣ֬մȥЩɫɫȻ
ʶѣʣ˽ЩʲôµзƹˣзǶȭͷôء
ɲЦ˵Ȼ̧ͷ
ӣΣϣСѾͷ˵ĻڹУǵʱ㿪ϯȡ֡
粻ڹˣԼǱȡֵ
ȥʳûҰһ
ʶӦһǶ˵ã̺˸óˡ
˵𣺡ůʻǷУķҪûá
ܳ裬õѾͷҲѡµģʶ˵ѹСӻˣû
֪ˡ⼸ҲУԸ⼸ղȥˡ
ǡʶ˵ֵԺЩˣҪȥˣѾԤ
ˣĬĬӣô죿̧ͷԸʶСӣɻȥýЩ
ǡʶ䲻֪Ϊα˼ȥԸ
ԻѣԺȥˡ
ȱϲϲλˣѾʵҲнһ£ϵԸλˣԤͼλ˻ȥ
dܵdϻһۣʵûʲô
ΪҪûȥ˭֪ıԺдǵǴԡڴ˵ؼգûûܣպò÷ģûʲô
ûȴĵԺг˺ò÷дţСһ֪ͷ˭ҲԲ˯š
ͱϳȥ
һΣ˵ֻ˸
ֿ˼⣬пռ˭ԡ
dҸʱ׾컥鼮ǳ£ЩҲۣзš
ҸʰʱŷӶδ𿪡ԼĿЩ鶼ʰɾˡ
ȷϵղء
ֻʹһΣ¼֮뿪ˣԺУҲǺò÷Ĺš
桭ѾˣdչɫԵɫ˵ѣʯͷһ롣
ˣּ⣬֣֮͸Щǻȥ
ֻǡ
һ٣бһdЦֻʲô
⼸ûǾۼܵѾܲ£ͽȫ̼ҲƷһ룬ôҲһڴ˴
һ룬µĽˣһиʮͲ֪ιιñմ޵ġ
䡰ֻǡһֵܶ˻ɫҪǮˡ
˭֪˵ֻү飬ڲ飬ҲüĿ˲ġ
dѾøɾҪлԡ
Գ˸dֵܶ˴ϻ֮⣬ۼ˽ʡ
ˣ߶
dҲңҪлûһɲ֮ԩ޸ռţĸҶԣһϯûӡ
Ըɴ㣬ۼϼ˶û꣬Цʳ俴Ϻ⣬ǶӶѡ
ܵһТڶȥˡ
⼸̳ӣҲЩٻ𣬲ǻƣٲȻǻԲơָпҸúּɪ»أ˹һ𡣡
dᱭֻǰ֣ҲǷ£үķԸ
үᣬϵֲñ˿dĸмģллԶҪл
԰æ۵¡
Ӧ£֮𣬻ԸŴǣɲǲм֮
ϯƱյֱؾˮˣۿɫأϳȥ
dϻ̸Цһϳ˱ήȥڳϣʾǼ˵
ϳģģǴԵˡ
󷿳㻹˳ŷϯϵĻͷ˵ͷΪԹͣСɴ󰸣ղ֪ǶС˺ԡ
dĿŶһһֱʻ˿
ӣҲԻЩԡ
d븮ʣɻûУ
ϱںԺǣ֪ǰ˳ضţ˵Ǵүˣȥ
Ժɲʱһš
֧գۼɷӻһ˹ȥ
һϹ̣Ѿͷſ޵գֻÿնǿ¡
Ϣʱ˸Ҫ°δܺ˯ű
һ˻ˣŴһ˻ˣ۸أûУ
סĪǴүүǻˣǶˣ۸ǿؼˡ
һӻûϢòʹȥȥʴɩ١ٸϽѰ


171 һ
Ȣ

˵󷿶˻, Ҳʱȥ
˼߬ס֣ô
ḧŵıĪҪϲд, ۵ȥ֮, ֻҪĵžǡ
˵գͻˡ
ŵڶա
ס, , ˵Ҳ֪, ÿ춼߶, Ҫնӻزأ
г³ʤ, Ϣʱˡ
һ˵һʹɫССϽ˰, ¯ȼ㡣
ȵ, ڣնûʲôࡣʱҩ¶ǣƤ, ûһͻ˯
Ҵϱ, ˯ʵˣ߳
ͼŶСѾͷ˵ʲô
ôˣȥСѾͷᣬڿο
СѾͷ˰, ˸ȫ
Ȼȥա
, Ÿ߰ߵѾͷ
ķ, ŸЩס
棬ķҾھǣҵ˸ձߣ׵Ӿ͵Ḯϡף˵ѩ̿ȴڴʱ侮ʯ
ţķҲ֪ĶţҲ˽ɴһˡ
巿û巿żңŮļױٲˣӸõһӶûˣһҪմˡȢҲѰġ
Ҷ˹ýˣһҪ˵ûôɵ¶
ȴ£ĸҲҴӦ̫̫²ܵģֲýڡ
ʱֻؽ˵ʲôҲߡ
ý˾ƫһ硣ɶϱţôһ硣
Щ֪飬üë𣺡ɵҰϳȥ
ֱҡͷ̫̫ĸҪϳȥ󡭡ô˵£ȥֻж
̾᣺˴衭
ðõ˼أ
ȥƹһأ˼Ǹɴף²ٽˡе飬д˷ŸĸЩ¶дϣϣ취ͻϼȥ
˵ͷйأ
ܹûֻ֪ޣչء
׵Ӿѹڴ󷿰ǰ˭Ҳ˲á
ߵѾͷȥ󷿴̽һأźôҪЩϢ
鷽ſοǸѾͷҴʱ߲ȵоȥǹĪҪֻ̫Ҫǻˣܻתġ
ûһƫƫȴǡ
˵ţСѾͷȥָ߹ǡýˣ
ûһǲţžǰȥȰý˴ߡ
ϲڴҽĸֲһ˵˳ҩ˯£Ҳû⣺⡭ôá
ܲɵýһϰգƫƫ巿ףô򲻵ãֻúİȥ
üһ裺һҲûУ
ϻѵɽѵ裬ôʣвɫ
ʱѾ˷Ը԰ٷ˵˲㣬ٷһȥ¡
ֻǸɩӣǵĻ£ܲˣҲû˳ȥ֧Ӧ
С˵Ҫϣһס
ҡͷû˳ͷǼˣû˸ҵΡ
ĸ첲£ɵ۸á
Ͼڻͷţİɿӭãˡ
°Ϊ֮ǰЩ٣Ϲ
ϿˣҲΡѵ밢£Ȼ֪ʱ֣Ǵ
أ
ͷأˣҡվѾ˰졣˵ˣ˾ǲߡ
Σýˣ˺ţһػҲ˵úò÷źš
һۣýǰһӦĹӣһò裬üͷ
ˣȥѹӶˣ̿Ҳˣٸһ衣
죬ˡ
ǴҳعѵⱲҲûЩýţ¶ģҲչܵ
˵Ѳˮ̿趼ˣһʱסãôɣ
ôɣѵµģ
ˣɡ
ɩ˵ô
ǵͨ죬˼ô˵Ī֡
ͣһ磬ûɲ˵Ųʵû취ˡ
ȻҵˣҪʲôɩܡһۣұܾأײš
ǹɷţԺкҪܣĻйһһ㡣
˼ȥصͷãøʲôǶһеա
ԣü΢ƽڴĸ󣬻϶˵һ䣬·϶һû뵽Ǹеġ
ǺˣֻЩ
͵İ취
Ѿͷ̿賷˳˵Ǹֱ̿Ҳûٰ̿ͽȥ
ŹӵҲ˳ϾֻȲ衣
ýŶֶţֻòϺȲůӣ¶ǣͼҪȥ
ѾͷӶˡҪȥޣ˴·
ǣҪȥȩ́ȥ
ӽܣٷˡ
ýﶼһýʣб㻥һۣ̽ɵϱȢּŮ
һյ˵һ롣
ﻹý裬ٷˣֲܲƺһڡ
׵ӼﳤѾƼˣλòްûԵɾ޶ףȥ٣Ҳ¡
˫Ǻ̺ţҾˡϽ˦ѡ
ٷ⻰
ý˸Ҫ˵ס˻ͷûո㳶ƪҲ˵ǵʡ
ףôôҪ˸ġ
ܴίˣǲȥʣҪôǡ
޶ףƸҪŮҵġ
Էһδᣬ۸ҴʱͷöϾ˼ô
ýɫһ˼Ƹ񻹲
⡭
ǻȥû׼Ҳٵˡ
ɫǵͨ죬Ҳ֪ǲǱġ
뿴ǳֻСʹѣɴ뿪
ݣͿܹͣ˰յ衣
סˣۼ˻󣺡ôɣû˵װ
»ˣŸʲôֻûƣʮ׮׶ˣ
ϻɫɷףʹʹˣһ巿ô죿
ҪôŲˣȻҪ
ô򡭡ظЩҲ
ɩİգ󲮴ʱϾˣȻعƲӦġ
dȻŭջؼȷԸȥʷȡƱ
ִӿѰԹŶƿð˱ʯǶ磬һֹŻһŽ١
ùһ⣺Щ񣬻޴Цɡ»ѹżŴƱ
һ꣬Ů޹ףʱдŸҶʱ֤ˡ
⼸յΪ˵֤Ůܴ˴裬ײҲաǸԻдŸ֪
˵밢ȥ󣬸ýˡ
dζڣϱöԣӲƯû۵ǰ֡
¿һ䣬ӵ޷졣
ðǿͷǸ֧Żġ
һӻǵиˡ
ϵͷŹѵĸϲţûŵ£һҲδ򹫹¶ǰű˲ŰæžͽҰĶ̶
d׻֪ˣŻ鲻ԸĿȾŭΪ죡
ôôȢôϱ
ɲܴ󷿶˵иΪҪ죬ȥݵǼװʰҪš
һҲʣҲƾĵɡ
ڶֻװĳȥˡ


172 
Ȣ

, 򿪰İ̹ٷ
ǰһС, ҩҩ, ƴӲӡҲ֪ණôصġ
ٽСԺʱ, ͼۻ˹ٷ, ͷҲ
ڴǰ, ӭСԺ, ڵ
溬Цȸ۵ͷʾ, 򿪱Ű壬֪ʣʲô˴ˡ
ϻؼ棬ûĲ, ʱۻ˹ٷ, ϴྻ֪һж׼ˡ
˿壿⻰ʵûͷûβ
ȴ֪˼ҡҡͷ˵ĳóҪ˶, ĳɲǺö֡
ȴЦҵвͬ, 壬á
ôһȦôģôͻȥ
Ϲӵ, ׷
, 㡣
Ѿʰ, ǼƤӣڰС
ճţֻһǸÿߵǽھӣҲ֪˲Ρ
Щ͸Ҹλһ纮
˿֪סڵ˭
ҡͷ֪Ҳ֪˼ѡܻݼˣҲһ׮¡
ʱ㣺˵İͷѾҪˡĻЩ
¶̰ûͻӵʮŭ
Щʾɻ˵ѧԵʡ
̫-ʵ׵ļƣʥּпͣӼǰѧ̫-ѧ档
ǿ̫-ʵµּ⣬ϼѧѧѧļɹϢ
Ϊʦڽ̣Ϊӵ
̫-泯ʱ̫-ʵ۵ļ͡
̫-ȴṵ̂ۼǵĽǮͻ
Ǳʱѧѧǵֶһ뱨ȥԭվѧǣ㶼ٿڡ
ϱ۵Ķˣ˭˲֪Ԫƽ޵ľ̰ۡ
֪ʥ⣬Ż̾ۻ֣Ҳ÷
۵˾͵˾⣬߻д˸Ӷ̺˾ĹԱǩϴܽߡ
Ͱװ˽
һ죬ԺбŶסˣһŮ첡Ĳĵ
ȥû˷֡
ͣСУһװҪۣ㲻ֻڳеš
³ʤڲţҪһ죬ǰ۵Ӱʱֱӡ
ڳҪҪǰͼӳ֡
ǰȥӡ
۶ȻȥţдңֻҪٵȼղܻؼȥʾ³ʤظȥţ˸Ҽٽʵ۵ߡ
³ʤӦǣһۣս˵ӣǱ
̧üͼ¶ŰСһС˴磬ڳңң
˿ϻؾðգô
㡭Ҫ³ʤ䣬뵽ڼﵣ£ʱ˶ӣ˵ʲô
ֻöһͷ
ôԶĸ
˫Ÿ̫Զûʾ⣬ֿ±Ƴ˻ԶԶš
ܲڼУһˡ
ǰڳдߴӿ죬ֹשأ۲ݡ
ʱɫ΢Ͷڳϡ
ųڣһǣŴȺۡ
һȦٷ۴ԵÿˣƸ
һϣһڳϡ
йȸ֣ۿͿ쵽ſڣٸȥˡ
ͣס㣬ӣĿݵߡ
΢΢һЦſ˿͡
ȥաܿͻȥˣܿ㲻õ¡
Ŀȴߴ٣ֻסּǰ
ǰߣͣס֣ſڣڹǰܿ㲻Ӱ
³ʤһֱڳߣβȰٷˣȻȥգžǡ
Ƚ˹ţǱ㲻뷨Ӽŵģֻе
ŹȥյĹȴƹһء
ǲᣬ߰ա


173 һ
Ȣ

űһ·첽ɽ, ̽Ӧǰʻ
ݼɿʹٷҲʹ
Ǽæ, Ů첡˴, ⼸Ҫ̽¶ڲɡ
Цİ, ¶, ʱҲŸҳȥ
ǷŶ, ԵĵúŪ, ³߹ﾡס裬Ҫϲס, ͽݱš
ָһָ̣죬ԵùĹҵġ
ֵ⣬ҩ¯Ӷ, һҩ, ҩζ
ʱӣ˵ܼ磬ƭǶá
ۼۣʱ鳩, ̰Ϣ͵ȥ
, ȥ󲮱š˵ֶסˣֻ´ѾյϢˡ

䣬
ϻرţ衰ѵǹ, ٱ, ˵׼үһΡ
ȥ, ܵͨϢ
ȥˣֹʶ壬Ǳ߿ûҪϢǡ
¶ƹȥǹʹϢҲ
˭֪̲ŸȥûãϾСѾͷˣٷٷ˵ݸŶ˵үѾ˾ȥˡ
ӻһۣͼЦˣǴٷˣѾ֪ˣл
СѾͷⰢѾϢٷʱҪϸƼ
⣬ץ˰Ǯȥգ֪ŵġ⻰˵СѾͷģҲ˵ġ
СѾͷӦһˡ
ӵٷ˵ǸˣŸǱš
Ҫ˵ʲôͷ˵Ѿͷ
ߵѾͷ˶Ծջ
СѾԴǿУһһ߶ǹģҪԼлٷˣֻǡ
ֻǲŸմ׵£λöڷﲻˣԵׯء
Ҳֻ֪Ҫٶ£ܳ߶ͷȥǹǾֵ֮ͣʲô
˹Ҳ˶ֻۣ
δŮǵĳԴöȶԶҪ˵صĶ˰Ҳա
ԼС
СѾͷʵʵ˸ͷҪʱѾվٷĪ֣϶ýҵøϽȥ
Ѿͷ飬Ҫ飬Ҳл
ȥա
һ̣ϳ˿ȥ˴롣
۾Ϳˣ
ôԤɰԵĲˣ˼ӲʳóҰҪһصİζϲԵСˡ
ʳ絹ܲһ˼ȥⶫ˱ǣܱȳҪӡ
ȥˮҪˮܵúúϴһϴ
ϸ࣬ñ£Ҳ֪⼸û
ڴߵ޺ϣһһָӡ
ЦЩǻԤ÷ա
⼸찢ʳζˣȴ֪ʲô˻Щ
˺ϢʱȥҪ˼ķʳԲӣˮСȶбǰÿٷ벻˵İˡ
Ź˵ҲҪһݡ
ƿʳУžöвˡ
Լ֣⼸춼֪Ǽûԣѷ۽Ͱ
ôԷҪǽкƼҪûûء
ļҷ˹ôԷʱôԣôŲž㡣
Ա㣬˸ˮ裬ֱ̫µƣɴʣôû
Ȼ˨죬ƴ̽ǳ³ʤˡ
ٷ˴ϲ
һ񣺡ô
ڹˡ
ˣ
³ʤϲ⣺ǣڹˡǸС̫ŵģ³ʤӾҪȥС̫ôҲա
۽ڵȺ
ĹԱƼ֪
۵İϾԪ۰ǰǱիҳҡͷдʲôʫⶫӡҲ˷ֽī
ܭdʫֻѰⱾҲԼǮӡܹҲӡ˰
Ҫӡ˳ǧ̽дŲȫ
Ԫ۴ӱߺ߳ЩİһⱾʫҪ¶ǣֻ˷ɧ
d£˺üˡܭ˵꣬ͼԪ۹Ȼɫһɡ
˺ü꣬ѹûԪǻʫ漰ĲֻƬҪţɾͲһˡ
Щ㶼ˣԪַҳʵûʲôɿġ
ˣֻ̽дĺЩͷϵʫĵֻƽƽ
ŶԪ۷ʫɨдĺǣһ죬游
ںԳǡФӡԪĿסʶ֮
꽫ǱһأصġȻ޹ǣ
ԪʮֲмôһʩƪԵĶҲԳơÿ˵ˣЩ
ܭ֪ԪСƢ΢Цȷˣ²ףдڰˡ
Ԫһʮӣһսһְĵ⡣
ô̫ӵˡ
ӣ̫͡Ӱա
Ԫ˵䣬ܭ֪Ԫ۲ٶһ׮ͣϵİʮƯȴƫƫ̫ӡ
̽ߵ̫ˣ
ԪѾѡϵζ׼̰۵£һ顣
۹ڵǰ¹Ʋſʼѧᡣ
Լٲʮϸ񡣳ѧѧͲʿڼǩ
ѧ뿪Ӽ࣬Ҫޡ
ѧܹ̫-ʵ۵ļͣ˵ΪʦϣѧŻη󰮡
Ҫѡ˲ţȻҪѧǹȥĳڼ¼Сɼ
ôһץڼ࣬ȴ˵µĽǮͻ
鲻֪һ֪ˡһһռּ壬£ɲͻʮᡣ
ʵݣﲢԪۿۣЭͬ˰
ּл˵⣬ܭߵС̫໹˼
Ϲ˵ͷ纮ۼѵͼ¡
С̫ЦеģʱллϹ
ڹ׼ʱ򷢲跿С̫ȥ³ʤš
³ʤշԸڹſڵţ˱ֱȥԣţƼſڳС̫ࡣ
һ·ϵļϹʲôˡ
ḮԶԶܹʳ³ʤҵˣ
ǣǣкιɣǸС̫࣬³ʤҲޱȿ
С̫Цˣղ¸ģ͸ŶվںԺˣȥŶ
³ʤ˸ɰС̫һ빫ϸ˵ЩһȥҲˡ
С̫಻ǲ跿ģʿǶ˲ˮչôĺɰһͷӲʵģ֪ӣͭ
ϲЦտ˲ŴӵЭ참
æʲôӣС̫಻֪֪ˣҲҶ˵
󶨣۶ųǱǷ׻ˡ
ų³ʤͷȥգһڹűţҹʵЩ
ǡ
³ʤߺ󣬰ȥ˱ţڹУЭ참
Цϲˣ۸Ҫ˹˰գ
˳¶ЦҲںֻҲ˯Ⱦ
Цˣ˯þһӶ˯þˡ


174 
Ȣ

ڹ, ϲŻص
Щÿ춼Ż֪ڶ̰۰ӵǵȻ, ӽֻصδ֮ǰ
dһؼҾʹ򷢹ϼ, ·ס壬ǱϾ
ͳȥ߰, , Ƕҹ, ôõǽˡµһ·һ·Ѷ, ߴûܽס
˭֪һ·϶ûķ巿Ӱ, ˰̣ڿջүү
һ˷纮һԻ˶ӣڿջ
󷿹µʱ, ˽Ծ̲, ΪµǻؼұϢġ
֪Ѿˣ˷׷˿
¶үһ£˹ķұ׵˼ƫƫǻ, ҲӦ
үһ, ֪Щ
ǰ·ĸ㷿֣ܽȥ˵ǼүǶ֪ץʲôطȥˣܻܲδ֪
ǧ, ǱϾ, ܵȾ͵, ϱϡ
˶ҵĺûմţµҵǣɴڰ·װ
һ˵˷纮һ˵Ի˶ӣˣǲáϾĶͣۼү뷨ҪȥǱš
巴ʣʲôţ˭ȥ綼֪Ķء
û˷ӣϹ£һͨˮ
ĶҲʹˣ纮Ҳˣ֪û£ֶŽȥµطоǷТڲ֣ҲЩӿҡ
俪űݺǺ˷۶飬¿ɸɡ
ЦүԸˣλǻ
үŮôܳɣ˵£ҪףҲ׵ĳ档
ķ֪ҰȻ£ۿҪ׷׸⡣
dݵ׼ôдܣ׮£ҧ˱Ҫ˵ġ
Ůܴ裡
үüͷ˵õףҪһźףǵöѡ
µүؼүѾλѰ˼ˣүԸڰ·ͻȥ
˼Ҫ͵͵ǾС
ȹµŻ˵̫̫㷿Ķȥıš
ڴϣղŸˣŶϱ͵ߵˮ̫̫㷿Ķӣôȥģôģ
һԼ˹ϣźŶ߲ˣϱСš
ϱŰɽһ·ƧҲ٣ֻҪǱͨˣ˷
¶ȻҲţĪҪΪģúǡϲµǰ˷֮ţϽûȥ
ҲڲУ񲻼ãһʱ벻ôȫ˵иû֣ܺͿߡ
˵ǣȺȿա
ϷҩϺ˿ֵðȥƹ
ȥˣȻȥõЩֻǰÿ޵۾ͨ죬û˵Ҫĸףҽڷнӡ
ѾͷĲģֻǶ£ǵġȥʱҲǣĪҪġ
С
Ͽ˶ϱһۣ֮ǰýţϱ˴ߵġ˵ϱ䣬֪ˣʱƸǿºͳء
ĸ˵
УϻɵϱҲ̫֣ǼôҪ¶ҲѾͷѾͷﲻǵļױҲǰͷ񡣡
Ӧǡ
ϵ˵ͷȥա
ιźҩۿʱ仹磬ȥһɽ
ڷԸлҽżңģñݴ׳˻ȥҽһֱ᷿ޡ
ŮˣһˣһǸˣҽͬϱûЪ
ҽҩһʱͷһʱͷ˼졣
ⳡҳ¼ģʱˣһҲˣʱҽŻؼȥ
󷿱лҲܱˡ
ݸ񳵶ȥ£ѾӣճӾ͸óˡ
ʱͼæңӭݣٷôˣа˳ԾϿĶŲô쵽ǰˡ
ϼǱˣ岡ڰ·µѾϼˡ
ü΢̧ǲˣôƫƫڰ·
ϳӣװȥ߲յģҲ֪̫̫㷿Ķӣôĸĸ˵϶Ҫ֡
һ˵һ͵˰һۡ
Ȼŵģϻˣ¶μ
ллɩ֪Сĵġ
һҭ˰Ӵ˸ˣ͵͵˳š
֪ȫûҪĹһʱ֪˵ʲôҭ˰գңһÿðȥ㲻ˡ
ߵġ
ʲôֲɩӣǸཻĺˣǵСЩ
û¶һʹˡ
һһ߹ٷţ
ôǴڶ䣡ץ˰ǳӣǣԼһһ
վҪˣһ춼ĬĬʰŶ
֣ˣ·ϳͶ٣ϽЪЪ㶫ʰûҩأͷʹȵģҩһô㡣
̸ҷԸˣصðչ˺ˡ
˵ţ꣬һ䶼ûȴóСӵ
Ҫ͵ҶѾкˣ
иСҪĺҲˣүǶһġ
ҰѲ˵ӺҪҲйˣСҲ֣³̰ǡ
߹͸˵ˣ񶼱ˣѰҪؼ֡ױҲŪ˵ӣʱֻҪͷС
Ѿͷ߹ȴû͹ͬһۻұī
ҲпīҪ͸߹ʱ͡
ӿ֪һҪߵģ˲ܰģţ̲סۿ
ݣ˸۰
ҷﻹһӣǸǵĶд˸˵ˣǿӷ˾ǡ
䣬һ飬ôǣǼҲжҪ͸㡣
ϲǿ͸ݣݶ˫ЬȥҲҲʵ
Ҹ·˸ݣ·ȣʡһ·Ҫһء
ĵģݶҪˣ·Ų촽΢򣬱Ǽһ죺ֲ󶼼ˡ
ݻлҪ˵ڽ̤ϣַסϥǣ֪棬ԸСֺñˡ
ÿѾͷ˵£üëǡ
ЩݶҪߣ˵ĻһҪ˵
үܴããҳҲҪүԹһĲ䡣ŰɹʱЩա
үһӲ񳤱̵£֣һδ
ڶŮװ͵š
ҪŲԺӡ
еļˣԼҹͷСӡ
ţꡱЦԭɨһɨһ𡣡
Ц
ļ磺ⱲӾƲȥ˭ĺáǷ֮ǵˣǲ粻ޡ
ɫЦİա
˵ˣҲ˵ֻǿųЦҸֵҹա
ͷˡ
Ҳޱ𻰣ֻĬĬ˯ҹ
ڶ峿ݵűߣӿ޵۾סÿվҪдǱҿҰȾƣӡ
ݴñİͷٷ˷ģҸվдŻ
ϳ̲ס۾΢ʪʱˣߴߣȥա˾ǣܰġ
ꥣۿųӴȥӡ
תȥʱٷˣүˣ
۵սǰ֣ǰΪߴƥͣǰһԾ¡
ô֪ҽջۿʪ󣬱Ǽ΢죬һҪ޵ģʯס
첲ס۵㣬ÿնôң


175 һ
Ȣ

⻰һ, ס
ڰͷȥ
黹˳ӵӣʾӸϽɾүعζ֪ٷ˲ڵ, ջϲһ
, ôʱˣһӣ³ʤţ
΢, ʮղ, Ϊǰغ, ȴֲǡ
뵽ϵĳ, ֪Լˡ
һʱΣȭ, ŵ߿һҽͨģ롭һϲ
Ҳֻǻؼұƽԡ£žҪ
е»δꡣ
ȥ밲, ء
۱뻻ȥ, һס󣬰ϰקԺȥ
˼үˣҲȥš
һ·һ·ﲡ˼죬֮Ż, źࡣԵ, ³ʤҲø˰գ
ףǣҶ֪ˡ͵͵̫̫˳ȥ·¶Ҳ֪ˡ
ǡסŲ, ˵û˵ĸҵ¶
۵治֪, ³³ʤ޷, ĸ棬Ĺϵ
ĸ㣿Ϊ̫̫£ü΢
ҡҡͷʵ̫̫¶ĸûء
ǣΪȥ˾
ѵŮװţˣ
ҡҡͷ¶ĸҲ֪ҲûϸʣԼǲϸʣĴ𰸡
ͣסŲһۣǣ
ǡ
ҡͷҲٲˣɴΪŵʱûţҿѵ鷿
һʱ
ߣҲ˵ʱÿ춼ء
ۻδзӦֱԺȥ
˺鶼ѾϢӲŸţ۸
°񣺡ӲТĸˡ
Ĩ᣺ǣȫΪĵ
˱ŶֱޣҲһŵᣬǰֻøˣһҲûС
˺ᣬ˵һ˵Щӵ£ֲ֪Ӻ˵Ҫûа֧ӦʲôϢš
ʵں֣
԰Ҳ֪ðڳʲôɫ۶ӣֻģȥ̰աʰ㸸׵ͳȥˣ
Ѿͳȥˣų̹ǰ͵
˵ͷӵȻҪҲϽȥԡ£úЩʳ˵ֿ˰һۣϱ˵˵ա
񣬴˼Լ̹ףϽɵЩ¶
ǡҲ֪ĸһ۵˼ǣס֡
ǣģǣ뿪
ôһֱ˴ţſ֪Ǹ˼΢΢һ̡
ľͷ˿ˣҲŤ󣬷ֻա
ӣȥҴңʱŷɫʣҶƻ˴룺ԭôˡ
ۼŻʱ˵Щʲô
ûյÿնϾȥļá
ʱ˵ȥϼɽģǴˣ꣬ȥɽơ
Ѿͷ㶼У񣬵Զˣһ飺үһȸٷ˹԰ӣ
ٷˣǲǲðˣ
صɽãյůȣʹѵԡͰˮ
۽ɢˮУȥ˴롣
̧ͷôëĸô㣿
Ҫã˵飬ͷҳТŮ룬ÿдһٱ顣Ѵëڼϣ۵ûд
һͣ㡭
ѧʱǽʱϰѧôҲҪһ䡰ӡƫƫ
ǳеĻҲûģҲ
ҲŲ
˵꣬Ͻȥˣߵű߻һ꣬϶ˣ
ԼҲٳζ
޺ϣϲ裬ԡ죺ү֪ˣҪҪߵʱס˵˰컰¶һҪȰŹɲ˷֡
ӿû취ҹţƢ
ҿûôͨȰȰүﶥ
˳ҲĲ¡
ˮ˺ð죬ϸϸϴ飬ֱζŲ
ʪͷһζŸҨһӣĸȥ
Բ۾üͷδ𣬱۵ҪǲԸⳭǾͲдˡ

ۼ̾һʮղһͬ
˵ŷ룬ߣ§סڻУ֪մţվڵ£ðңҡ
жĳҡ
һ·š
ָ޷˾Ǽգڹеļգ˹֮⣬
ڼһŲţ᲻Ầ¡
Щ£û˼
ֻǾȣȹЩ
󣬻ֹ䡣
ֻ֪˭¬š
ֻҪ뵽бޱȳ죬̲סǰߣİ
Ҳ֪ܰټ
ڶϣ΢죬治ȻһվߣЩ˿˿ġ
Сʱò׳ӵ
ǣ㡣
ĸ׵ľ񣬾֪ʮѪ
ڼչĸãҪҵ£ֻим㡣
Ҳûôչĸףˣ̷ĸ׵ġԾչûʲô͡
ۻл˸ƣɵøЩˣҵȲúͰõ¶ȥȰһȰ󲮰ա
úͰʲô¶
۾֪¿ˣ˵ķ
ҶѾ˵ˣصҪƸųɣƫƫ󲮸ٴ󷽡
Գ
˸ۣôǼٴ󷽣Է޹׾͸⳥ʲôҲҪô£зҧһڣúͰô˵壿
ӲСˣ侮ʯСʲô

룺һȥȰ˵󲮸ҲܶԴ󲮲
ĲҰ£Ȼû棬˺룬ʳԸǧء
۴󾽡
㡭㿴ţ
ȥƼߺߵôòΪһԹԵȵɽˮʱ򣬲ŲǷŰգ
۾δȥ鲻ϣһ˳ıʣ㲻ظܿࡣ
£ĸӲѵģȴа취ֻҪ룬ȫ޸ϵ
ҼȻˣǷţͻҰաһ˵һҡΰӡ
΢죬°̧綼˺ˣ
ŲҪۣʯϻء


176 
Ȣ

ۻԡ, δüݼǣղ¸ߡ
üͷ΢壺һϣȰѷˡ
ʳ, ۿеҰ, ɴͳѷݵ, Ȱԡ
㲻ˣ
һ, ˳Էë, ŷ, ƢθãǲôԵġ
˭֪˱Ц˾, ȥղ¸ʮվֻôԡ
θࣺǵȻЩɽȥôɲɡһ¶û, ۿǶⶼ˻˵ˡ
˵Űס룺ȳԵ, жõһ档
ַԸ飺òõĵ̺ˣȷ˻ܵýȳԶٷգ
кö໰Ҫ˵ء
ЦˣԷ, Ҩ𵰸, һһЦСˡ
ͷԷ˰ٿʣ, °һƬ, ôôɾ
۲Ƽ, ͷЦȥʥʧǣƫȺٵʱʹЩӣС̫ˮ
ˮȥݣǿԼʰ˸ɾ
̫ǻܰ¶
ܿЩˣʲôܰ죿ͷЩǡһλʵۣǼǰ̬ģԱʧ֮ķ١
һһָЮˣЩ鶼ͻˣû
ô̧ȥô̧˻һӣ̲סЦ
һҪ϶ֽأһᣬ˵
׳˰ζֻǼҲɿڣҪͣˮȥƢθʡ
ɽơ
˸ӣ⣬ģҲûƳʲôﶯֽţ
˵
ۿԲ۾ЦŽܣ鼹
鼹֮в׭֣Ҳ壬ֻҪ⣬һ鼹ϵļϣܱǲ顣
΢ſڣԭ㻹һ֡
ڣζԾ
Щһ׼ľʫ˿£Ѿڱ°ǰ·Ӵ֮˭Ҳø׵ļڦˡ
֪һʯҲһ
֪֪Ϣû˶࣬һäΣٶ֪
㲻ˣܰ£ȫȥˡ
ϲ¶Ц⣬ֻ˽ᣬôˣҲЦٿʲôϹЩ˵Щʲôã
Ϲֳ⣬Ϻ£ȻҪл
񣿡ⲻǵٵĺܼɻô̫һλ״ог˵һ
»ڳʱдϭ״ڵڶǳݲʶֵСܱеġ
Цˣˣ֣ҲܰȻšܭԸС̫µ˵
ǾԤա룬ͬ磬ȹǵϲơм顣
΢٣ϱӣɴδ߹
Ը⣬Ĳ£³¶󣬴δĸȨϡ
ô룬ǸΡ
áҲ֪Щʲô
Ӧʣȴ鶢ţв׵ģҲܼʱĻ
ˣզ¶࣬ɱˣΪʧ񡣡
˵£лҳ
ս˸ϹĴΣüĿһɣҾأİաصһֲٰġ
һơۻģŮҪ棬ĸײţû£Ψʲôȫĵطð˿ᡣ
ӣ۷ɿɨһۡ
̫ˡֻһۣüͷ
ˣֲһңɩøҿˡųЩཻܿһæ¶š
ô£ɩֳܷ˼ЩҲԤлȥллɩء
ǱŴɩ˵꣬ɾ̫
ҵײͬο粢һĸͬ
ɩ˵ͷһ񣬻ҰӺ֡˵ָͷһ£ͻҵĶ㻹ͲҰ˽Ϳգ
ЦһܶĻòɣܸٺ񼸷֣дţٲһݡ
бһۣҲǣǮúܣ֮Ҫʳء
۱˵þȻ뵽ǰҲ˵˵򲻵ٲţͲˡ
꣬һҾͷصΪ򡣡
һҾĳϣΪİ򰢱
ꡱЦ£ְȻˣãһӣðգҾʹ˲С˹һء
۵ͷЦˣԴҪȥˣĸǱЩҲʲ㣬Ȼ°׵ġ
ͷ
Ųŵ¡ĲȥҲ֪ԸΪʲôҲ죬㡭ĪҪĸĸ׶
͵ϣܺЩɺã
󣬰˵ͷɣҴӦ㡣
ۻϹٷ۴ߵʱŰֻ֣ҪÿգҾͻ
ЦŵͷæģҲҵҪæ
ϹԤƷһҳٳٲ£żһ
Ůһδףףһæҡ
Ҫæ
齫ղ¸뵽裺ҼҴڹüգȰݼԵƬ̡
Ҳ֪ڹм߲ݣû˯ͷʵڴߵýʱ֪Ҫȵģ㰲Ȼš
²£ۣЪϢЪϢҲӦġ
̫⽫££ǾԪ׵Э참ģ̫ͷʳͲղ¸ĹԱȻʮֿ
ǹλгԲԵģḮԷɡֲգþ˴ģ֦޻䣬ʱҶ⣬֦˸ʣֲͬ
Ŵǰ࣬ȴбĻ䡣
ƫƫֻȲּճɸáûĵɡø󡱡
ҵٿҶдšûĸ֣֪ϣ֥
ʢʱ껨ÿձ
ȵĸϲھ¶֮껨ʢʱҲŹȥ
СԱÿڲ裬̧ͷӱƴ֦Ȼ߹ܵ
ֻ괺죬ֻţһ֦ˡ


177 һ
Ȣ

ղ¸ĹԱ, ۳ȥֻ͵ɽʯױߡ
һһ尢, Ǹ͡ȥա
ȻЦ, ̧˸첲˻ӡ
ٶȻֲϴҹ뷶ۼ, Ҳ, ңңһ, ַɿȥ
Цת, Բ۾
鶼Ŵ죬Сү, ټүϲŭɫϻػȢ׵ʱ
ûڣŴϡ
ۻƳһۣ״
Ͻͷȥ, үǲ, ˭״
ֱȵתһӰӶˣš
ӡһִ˴첲, ˶Զô˻, ˻
Ƴһۣ㶮ʲô
ǲڵģϸ˷ӽл氢££죬ߵʱһ, ֪ѽͽһ, һľͶʻضˡ
΢̣, ȥ̱š
ֲֵţվֲţӹܸ÷ˡ
д椱ͱϼӿţֻлʱʡЩƫƫ˲ҵ£ֻ͵͵˿
½ԥԶص٣Ҳ˼ۣΪ֤̰ȷ¡
⵹ؼҲѽͿˡ
һۣô֪ģ
˲¶֣үû£˵ҪٶҪôһƶ
ЦˣҲǡҲûָ˿֣ȻԺһһ
Ʃҡ
˲ʹأţ˱ΪһˣұҪ׵˼
˭֪ҵƽûϢ
ʹ˵ǲû˼ǹ۸⣿
ҡͷӦм£֪ԶֻҪǸɵӣܲ
˵֪Զ͵ܵĸġ
Щ͸ۣб͸˵ģһ˿Ҳû飬ر֣δصĵط
ԽˣԽǸн׵˼ôٳû
ϻǣҪȻǻһΣҲ̽̽ڷ硣
۵䶨ˣóȴ鶨
ҵģ˵ڶΣ֪ԼˣʵǸѵõġʵˡ
˵ͷҲãͷֳɵģֻǵøϽٰ죬ˡ
ЩԺеҶӶҪˣѩֻû£ûﾰûѩôϸ˹ţҪΡ
һ졣
дӣ͵ȥ˹͡
ӿ˿ͷεģҶ治ˣ԰˵׼翪÷нȥѰѰ
ͷӦʣȥ̱ŵʱʲôͣ
һһ£ʣû꣬ôҪµģ
ҪȥϹġ
ܭھլۡǾԪµġլ빬źܽڱڣǱסŵĶǾԪߵõˡ
˶֪Ϲ˽լȻࡣ
˼ȥ뵽͡
ǴӳݴӣֵģͷҪҪζͲζ˳˶ý
ҪҪԵģѰֲѰĶ
ҪľͶͣµľЩʱĳʳǳʣʣټһ¨Ģ
һһǾЩѽ
붼֪Ϲ˺ȥˣǶЩ鱦޳Сƫƫǹͷͣѽ
Щ
ֹȴֲ÷ȥԸԤ
ܿӺ޶ͷͣⶬһ͵Ϲ˽լС
ܭ˽լסУլԺ͵ģĹһӦȫҾ߹ŶԼһδԺ̫ʯݳ
ЩЩ£Щ˻ȥ
мֱӱԪۣԪЦ㵹ǸˣҲУһլӿյҲÿ˸񣬰ǡ
ٸϼ£³ʱżһʣ˵ܭˣôһ̫ʯôһ飬öӣ
ŵ˷ڵأɸ
ӴܭҲõ
ϸĹ£ƷһһʼڲϣüձϱһΡ
Щµ٣˻صĶࡣ˵̫ƣɽ鱦Ŷ棬Ҳƫá
һ˲Σƫá
ϲԣϲ˰˺ýףƫƫܭһá
ϸȥһֺóݲˡ
ת־ͱܭͽ˹¹ٳڹУӽ˹ʱԵĲˡ
˽µһˣʲô¹١ΪԼǶˡ
ܭܳ¹٣ǾԪĬϵģҲֻ˽ﱨԹ
ܭ˽լḮ
ңܭΪ죬˼ʱǻû飬ҲһݣҲһ
۵ġ
µİϣܭɨһۣͣ
µĹǣͷͣ˵Լġ
ͣ
Ҳû˰ѽԪٰ٣ƫƫٰļ࣬ѵһ÷ôôӲ
һƣ֪Žӡ
ҰӡŴҪȻ˭͵Ķ֪
ͣȥǡ
óҪģպܭһ֪лµĻ
ЩСǻյġ
˻ΪЩСʳ£񣬻ѡ
ܭͲϾ۵ǳˣԭһסǿھӡ
û;ô㣡
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ܭֻһƬʣﶼʲôʱζ
µĲͨ£Ͻӽ
ӵͷըĻĭ֥飬ϵѵáС˷ųһ㣬Ҳ
ܭͷͰ϶Ҫѡϳ˵ġ
عʱֽͷͶ˹
ԪҹʱҹԽԽöЩܭʲôʳҵЩˡ
ܭҪҪ⣿
Ԫűʳָ󶯣ãͳ
ϣһԪۼ˱Цǻһ¶ǣ⼫ˡ
ܭ֪˵Ǵʱ£ѩȥѩǼ
¼Ҫ⣬¹ٵһϡ˵ŷԸС̫ཫȡ
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ܭϽס£ٶˣʳ
Ԫŷϵ㣬͸ôԲźáĶģ
ͳ
ۣ
ǡ
񣬳ʲôԪۺһεҲ̰۰ҲѵܭԼ䣿
Ԫ۱ʹҪְֻû뵽
һ¨һ¨ĢҪҪҲ
Ԫ۹Ц͵񣿡
ڹа참ӦԤġ
ԪۻƬ̣ӣҼǵá
ִ˵Ůִ˵ְ̫ȥˡ
ִУԪźֱʱֵʱڣ౨У˵˳ӱ˺С
ִаЩϸϸд౨УԪ۵տ˱Цдۣд
ֻʣ׵ͣ뵽¨ĢЦִеŮ
ģӾû
ԪЦһĨ죺ˣҲȥա
ܭţԪ۵ȥ٣ģڹӼȷǴСˡ
뽫Ķȥ
ѵô˻Ὣ̫ӣ̫һ֮
ǽ˾참
е̨Լһ˸ߣ绨״ͭϲ֦֦Сֱ۴ֵİ
ھԪ۳֮ʱž졣
Ԫ΢̧ͷԺ


178 
Ȣ

Ḯ˽, ϲڴûվǶ
Ÿճ£ñļøׯ, ɨ
ڴϷԸϱҲ, Ӳã¾ٰ졣
ֻΪʱٰС, Ĵ, ĵЩ飺ҪȻ, һŰ죿
Ҳ֪û, 룺֮Žû, һµаӲɾúúţͶ
ϱҲδٰ롣
Ǿֻ͡ϱˡ
ҪȻ, һ⣿
Ϳȼ, ϸϽĸı˺һŻɣͰ, в, ҡ
ϱʵǰͷŷдЩһҲû
ɵǰæ֮лҲЩҩ, ϱһվ̽, ɳ̽ʰ֮, ư׵Ժȥˡ
ֱĿ𳤣β
Ҳ֪ϣҲ˽Ȱ˵ʵæԺпͨīѾͷҲͰˡ
ֻЦɩˡ
ԭĽԼͣǱŽ̵أ˵ܼҲųǼۣͺŪա
һֶϱŸѧŹ£ͱĸͣޡˬܸɣʲôһͻᣬһԾ֡
ˣĲζ
ദ֪Ŀ֪ͷĶˣҲԼҽá
ҲԸмͣƫƫ߶ϵͷ
үӣϸϽû˵Ļʻȥϱȥ졣
ϵͷȥա
үȶϱˣŵôæʲô·ǼŰأ˵ҩԣιӴߡ
Цź˿ҩϸ¾Ԥˣֻǵӣƫֲˣúúð쳡ġ
ⷬնڱӡ
ү˵ͷˣҲɲ̫Щ±Сȥ졣
ɷ΢Ц֪
үüͷػض˵֪ӲŰ£úãϴ󣬾͸úúϢƫ֡
ƫϼĸȣۻӡ
º첻ֹκˣҲٻϺˡ
Ǿֻһӣҧɷ̧ͨӣ֦Ҷ
ɷܰЩʮ꣬Ҳֵˡ
Ҳ࣬ͷΣ
մ޵ʮѲ˵ڶ ˣҹүҡҡͷңɡ
ҿٲȥˮˡ
Ѱ˼ЩӻҪأοǵҡ
үǳԹĸģΪλԲ˳Լˣմ޵ܡ
һ¶ТΪܡ
޶˵ŻСүϹˣ
үһȷϹģ
ǣ
Ҳ֪ҪϽ˽š
һɷ򣺡ȥ
dӴߴ٣Ȼվ¹ڣԺš
ҪߵãһС˴ӳȼܵүǰͣ¡
ôdΪб䣬Ϲɵ˵ʲô
С֣λλݼٷ˵ģ
ϱdԭأȲ˵ⲻ£ôרҪ
ŸʲôȥɽǱ߱ûУ
űʱӣʮղޣֻûͷˡˣױޣžˣһɣ˶ˬࡣ
˵ϹС̫Ҳϸ£ͽճڵͷ
۵鷿͡
Сָ̫ģǷǷ
ڹ٣˵˵ĵûʽˣƷҲˣ
̧ۼλװ򵥣Ҳ򵥵̫Щ
һ¶ȭӣС̫ļĹٷˡ
룬ֵϹ߿һۡ
԰ǿϻĵģ˵лл˵ͣż㡣
ЦˣϹϲ󳣸ȥ
С̫һЩ㶣˻Ĺ󸾽Բͬ⻰˵ķ·ǸϹˡ
ɤӣмϲ¶Ҫ˵أ˲վҪȥԺ̶ˡ
ףĵֻǸͷϹĻ
΢΢һЦлСŶ
Ŀһɨʱ˸
С̫Ϲչ˵ģǰ£ԱЦĸһʱ˺⻹ֵŻȥ
dС̫ˣȥʣϱϹ˵ʲô
󷿵űߣӵˣʲôǣҪϢ
Ҫǹүڣɲô˵
Цˣϲ£ȻҪҪȫ֪
ӹӼְ뺲ԺƷӼ಩ʿƷ̶
̶ǰӶĹԱԺԹεʧӴ˱ӽ
ӽ˵̫ҲھԪ۵Ƥӵܡ
d֪ȥ˺Ժϲ
ϲ
dصĶúϱϱһٰա
ڹУȰ֪Щ
͵ϸдһݣó³ʤ͵ղ¸ȥ۸սӵ񵥣һơ
Цסˡ
͵ʮֺ⡣
ͽԵˣЩҳʡ
ԱߵͬɨһۣƼдŶΪ죬˵Ǽţô̽ɻżҳ£
ʱܭˣϲˣҷµּ⣬صġ
۲²ҪΣôҲõȵ̰۰᰸֮û뵽ô졣
ܭһɫ֪Щʲô΢΢һЦ˾Ͷл͵Ͱա


179 һ
Ȣ

ղ¸г鲻, ֻ跿С̫ൽſ
ó³ʤţַԸʱزסȥիɫ, ٷ˰ԡ
С̫Ǯܵ÷ɿ, һͬ䣬ͬ۴ȤȢλӡ
ԱЦ, ӦУǡ
˽֪̽ȢּŮ, ǻЦ, ϸҪȢϹ
֪, Сš
³ʤžիɫֻؼұϲѶ֪Ϲ, ĵġ
ɫǣЦӯӯԳ³ʤɣﶼأĵ˹ٵ, ɵúúñ֡
³ʤҪ, ںͷ׷¸磬Ŵٷֶ
³ʤһ֪Լٷ˵, үҪһһ, д£ȻҪ
Сӣ֪ˡ³ʤͷ, æ, ̹ӡ
ٺһЦ, ͳ³ʤϱߡ
Ӽ۾ֱǺǿýȡ˸ɫĺ
իСɾ£ÿϹ˸ɫǷۡ³ʤʱСģû
ڳ÷ʣҪҪҲ߹һЩ
ŷԸܺеķֺװһٺϸ⣬һ߱ӣһҶһ˱֡
Ƚ̵ļٸһ֣Ҷ֣һ
˽һۣѽǹүͰģĵҲš
Ҳգ󷽳ϣҪԼԡ
ڿھЦЦֵٷ˲СѾͷȥ鶬¡ˣӶųݵȱ
Ҫæ£ǲٵ㼸
λٷ߾ֻѾͷԭĸ̫ˣֻ͵ĵѾͷղ
ڼʱѾæҪǸ֡
ӣݿ
ҡͷûأųȥ칦˻ڴأҲͲš
ǾͰǧҶгŸģϢ̫̫Ǳߣ˹رĻᡣ
ݶ͸أ㲻⣬ôԼ˲ãݶɷԺͷ
ǰʱݶʣôˣǲ̺òãû˵꣬ȦȺ
ͷɶģݽ㻹ʱͷձҲһЩôݽˣǽá
ɷԺ˸ְû¸ˡ
οǣ˵ҪŲԺӣֲԸ⣬ֻȽŲҲл˵
⻰ͷ컹ãⶼ߰ˣٶ༸Ҳʰˡ
ݶȻţҲǲҲã˽㣿
˵û
ЦˣڻûǵʱȥǧҶʱ򣬸ǣ԰ꡣ
ԭݶݶ˵ǲãǻûʱ
붮Ҳͷ֪ˣҾµѰգСҪѡ
ƼǧҶŰдʹŰ̸ǣÿ˻ʮСѾͷߡ
ҧ´˫ü
ЩţžӶţӴֲ𣬲ִôҲͲȥ
ݶأΪ˰ѹ
ﲻǵˣ˵ǵʱ򣬾һ㻰ݶ֣ǣʣôˣ
Ȼ񣬳ЦҪˡ
ݶŷϵĻƣڸüĸ
½ڵʱҳ£˭ҲҳʱֽֽǮ粨ȥҲǸüһĸ
Ҫȥȶ͵ģүҲҪȥôҲ䣬ҲЩԪȥ
ָⷢδĸĸֽǴТҲûбİ취ˡ
ֻٷƣȥֽա
ǧҶ˫˫СѾͷɽ˫˫ٲ׽ãֻɷԺʱ£˳ɶԵ֡
ǳͷأٷ߶Ҫϸ
ôҲԽٷ˴ҴѾͷǣҪаõǡ
֣ݲڣӣһɽȥɽͷóԼ͸ӣӽշ
ĻôãǲЩϸͺãáٷʹ͡
ԭԼˣ˽ﲻĿҲûʲôˣ͵ϸЩ
Щʱǧ뵽̾Ҳ֪Ĵ˰ûС
廨һ濴ʰӣһͬп
ɷԺԵΣ˵Щͷʵæң̽˼ٷ˱ɷԺѾͷûжڡ
ʱģٷȻΪүһҲҽͷ
˵˺һߡ
űߣıӰüͷڴ¶һһģǴʲô¶
Īôǰգ
ԽԽǣҿɲ߰¶·
תһȦŵߡ
ˣ
ˡֻжʱӱ㲻ܽأԼòһ裬ʵɤӶëˡ
˵ʲôȥɷԺʲôľٶ
ĸ˵ʲôѽ˰¶Ǽ£ɷԺѾͷ㵱ĸ￴أһ䲻Ƕ˵
΢㵣û뵽Լл
ҪǸʲôֻҲΪҷԸģ˵ˡ
ֵ裬ʳɻ󣺡ôʸŶ㰡ܸʲô¶
һͷˮ
һۣףһɣݵšһ޳ֻ
űӣһڲ趼Ȳȥˣգʮ꣬Ҳ֪ʲôͷܲͷȾЩ
ֻʮݰͰ͵ģ˰궼û
ݶ͵͵ǮܳЩõģ֪ˣǣóͺ÷
ŵҪߣ
ͷӺ󼹶˭أң
Ҳһϸ˼ȳ۱ԷȻ󸣶ˡ
ģΪݸ¶ĶѸأҲ֪Ľڹߡ
ԽԽͷƤ飬·˫۾￴
ȴ˵ģǵˡ
֪˼Ŀʲô¾²˼ˡ
һɪӣЦʲôȷʵĪҪԩ
ū澵ɱȨûõ֤ݣԸԩ
ִ̧Ÿ첲뵽ССӣƴɵҿôˡ
ʵݣܶȳе·ٷǽóߵ·ϢͳȥҲ׷ˡ
Ǹø£ðѱġ
´ƿݵİȫҪģǰĵͷ֡
ʰ˶㵽밲ϵͷ˫˫ȴǧҶߡ
˵ȥĸѾͷȵСѾͷ㶼
Ťͷһƣٷ˵ӡḮٷǣߵ̫ˡ
ţȹְлģָ̯Ĳӣ춬Ĳӣһıı
а±ʣԤ£
һĵ΢ɣͷһ仰ϡ
ԭԤ˵ټ١
ӣΪһյļ롣
ѾǾģ̫үΪʱҪ
ϴæϣ÷Ҳһ֪ͼ⽣ó
ѼλҲæҲ˹ɨúͰø£ù
Ϸף˿ڲŵҲˣðøվ¡
˲ǳģΪʲôҪˣ
ôɡϲҿڡ
Ǿȥ롣ȽȨ¶ôˡ
Ȱٷˣүˡ
¿ӾȥۣҪϣû꣬ôҲ̫ʧ
ϳףȥ


180 
Ȣ

һ·һ·ʣʲôʱôˡ
ϻ˵⼸ز, ó³ʤһӵɫǣôϾͼˣ
ǾţŸյҡ
ϲ߽ɽ, ߽鷿, ͼš
ֻһյ͵ƣҡ, ̺, ž, 
½Ų, 鷿ǰֻôˣ
ҡҡͷ֪, ˾û˵ҲǵơүɫԣŸϽþȥš
֪ٷ¶죬ʵټүģ, Щ
鷿֮, ôҡϳȥĲһҲûҪҪҲһԲ
һ, ɽûƼ, ֪ڷʲô¡
ǻݡ˵ţתߡ
۰ͰͿٷ˻˾ɽãɴۣôүˣ
˾ɽõ, ԸǧҶĵȫ, óЩ
ܵ, ͷؼٷүദʱӣүǸƢٷ˲ȥţү鷿
Ҳʣȥʣ
Լ徻徻磬ȡﳭĲӣŮ͹صļ
˶һҪõĸɫ⣬ԶÿżҪԹӣг׵˿ǶֹЩҲá
˵ǧҶ˲ٷ˵ŵƣֽţ´˷
˳ְѴϣӳڰָָ֣⡣
ǧҶͷһ֪ⴰ⿪ŵģҪү̧ͷһ۾ƼɽõĴΪš
ڵ½ϸһ飬̧ͷңѾҡڴǰ飬־ġ
дһдһš
ֱ£ʵûʲôɸɵģ
ߣ㡭ٷҪߣ
ׯϲǽ˺ƤӣҸ˫յЬӡҲ˫ųˡ
ǵĶɱȳö࣬ݶҲѩȥĴѩգóߺ
䣬ȴ䡣
ѥ̵֣ĳߴģܿó
ǧҶٷҶԶද˴˻ĶǣٷôүˣѥӣҲүĳߴ硣
۽һֽд꣬īɣ±ʸˣ
̧ͷƬ̣ͼɽڵƻͨžʯţƼڵߵӰ
һȣڵʲôʱģ
Ż񣺡飡
ϽүʲôԸ
ٷ˻ˣ
үյңٷ˾͸ϻˡ
üҡ
˵鷿ֱɽȥ
ǧҶүˣŸմߵӣδüͨүһƵĽҡ
ӾͳˣǵҼȥ
ӽ㣬治Ҫ̺򣿡
ãͷǣٽȥ
ǧҶòףٷ˵ĹأҲֻøŽҼ䡣
ӵ̧ͷƵ˫ۣڵڡ
ߣס֣̾һۺʱȵġ
ôˣʲôˣ
֣ĦãΡμˡ
ˣӲǻûô
ֻȳ֤ݣǰֻؼҹΣֻ֪Ҫ֤ݣԵһŲ֪顣
ڼУԾˡ
Ԫ۸棬ϣѺֻסθţڼҴ
˭֪ڽգԼ鷿ڣ̽Ծ
֮̽ǰԡ·㣬дһֳ԰ڰͷ󣬳͵ǰ
̵ǿӣǴ̫-ʵ͵ĽϽġ
ʣµĴ飬ѹǷ԰ϡ
԰Գ״뾰ԪֻûҲٻˡ
֪۵ʦȷŰѧ̰۰޴󡣿δԾбزܡ
ḧ۵ı
ƫƫڽգƫƫ뺲Ժĵ졣
۽§ڻܲġ
̫-һµϳԪôҲ棬̫ҲʱǳҶְ
ȴܲ˵ȴĿ־壬ԼԼ·
۵Դǣﻹô
Ҫ԰鶼ѾˣҪģԲãԪҲᷣøЩ
˵׮߰˳ɵİգʵЩ
֪ۣ§Ű§סһŻⶬҹůĻ
֪ǲһǧǰĻʵô
һǧǰԵμѧһʷۺʱ˵䡣
ֻ֪ǸĻʵۣԵ֪١
Ҳ֪ѧʱ̣һѧŮ飬֪Ѿ˲콫¼˵
ýζֲ⣺Щʲôϵ
Ժ᲻һһķǱ䣬Ǿǵ䡣һ䣬Ǳ⽻߷顣
ۺ
£Ҳ޲ȥˡ
Ȼֲ˺Ժǲ˻ʵ۵˼˳Żʵ۵⣬纲ԩ
ԾˣӴϵĶ͸ˡ
գȥ¼
ͼҲԣҪͣ顣ȥ
ۻδͽסĻͷϣͷ㣬Ҫ㱻ôɨѳҲ
ĵһᣬ̲סЦãҪ汻ɨѸϳΪ˳
Цһţؿұ㡣
Цʣ㷽дʲô֣
ıӣ㱣ҲɨɨҲҪЩ¡һд˼ʮ顶Т
ڡŮ롷ôۻ汳ֻܵʱ鳭ˡ
Цͷȥ۵Ķͷԡ
ҪЦٿ𣬰ʱҲḧ˵һԡ
⻹ء
ЦһŵģĪ˵ʮá棬Լʲôʱ򾹳
Ҽ䣬ҴЦǧҶ˫˫ͷϽԤԤͷҪˡ
ǧҶүģٷ˷ǵȥүүˡ
˻һۣڴʱ˰¶һԺʮģڣǸͿˣ
ֶͬʱö⣬ٷֶΣҪƾɣٷΪ
װûƼǧҶ𾪵飬ֻ˴Ѿͷɡ
͵ý֪ѽõסү


181 һ
Ȣ

μ˶ڼҴ, ԪۻǸ˼ֱ档
δδֻסθǰţÿʳõĲ߻̿͵ǰ, ̧ȥ
ǵμƿ, ⱾȥʱԼ, ĲΪȻ
Ϊʦ, ѧЩѧϽ, ΪŹǡ
纲, Ҳû˭Ѿʮǰľ, Щ¼ǵòˡ
ҪôǸ棬Ҫôľ
˵˲֮Ѫƺôˡ
Զվ, ˵ΪѧŻѪ, ôסڹӼͬͬʳ֤
϶аʹԱ𣬾ʦ, ʮСо
ǰһʱ֯
ȵ¶̰īӳȥ, 񲻸ڹӼڣ没ӹӼصԼլС
̽ʺѧɣ˶̰ۡ
ִּ̫˰Ⱦѧѧ, ֮˺ܿ, ѧֽ, ÿն̰ûѧĽǮ
ʱһˣʱˣʱʮüˣԱʱͶЩԱʱЩ
Ӽʱÿʮ˵ĽǮۡ
Ϊʮ궼˷֣һһ˶û⣬Ŵŵ̰˻
ˣ̫ӱ˵μȥʡ
θʱղ¸ͻԱ𾪡
ͷ˵Ϊģʮأ˼լԺ̫-ʹ֮⣬йƷ
ϻƿڼ鷿е£񵥿ɲ顣
ҪôõʹͣҪôʱѧ͵ڹҵĻֱʣλʮǰҲѧ
ֻѧ͵ġ
һĴͬס̫-͵լԺԭٿӣסĴˣҲԵüġ
˶ǳ˵μҵĿⷿ㣬Եúᡣ
˵ˣЩĳ״ޣõļѰɶѡ
ٲʳ
ǹӼƣƷĹٶÿٺ»һʮʯĿ۳޲ţﶬ۳ľš
ʮֻּңһײһ쳮Ｘʮˣɷǵٺ»ӯࡣ
μʱֻӡ
ÿһ£Ͷжڣȶټ
ǻؼһʳһǮ
Աʲᣬղ¸ĹԱ͸Ͻ̫ӣ᲻ᡭŪˣǮȥĶ
ȴƶٳ顣
Ҫƶô꣬ϱ̰ī֪
ʱԪֻ֪һף񶼰첻𡣻½Ķܺúð
ĶҲТŶ顣
̫˿ϵϼңŲ鵽ڼء
鵽ʵݣ˷ɻ󣺡أׯϵĳϢأ
սǼճɻЩʳʮ̰꣬īǮֶ˵أгϢգ
ׯϵĳϢֶء
¾ˣӵʳģ
Щʵݲò࣬Գ״֤һʵԪ۵İǰ
ʵ̰īܼǧ˰ɳҸãЩӹأغׯôĳϢ۳Լʮ
ȳʮЩҲĿġ
ʮԪ۷̫ϱϸ߳
ھǵլԺƽʳ뵽ôļҵס
ԪҲʳɻ£һʳ٣̰īЩǮʲôã
ܭ˼Ƭ̵Ҳ֮󣬻űԼءһƬɽͷҲȫμҵġ
Ҳļ꣬ԼĲƸ
ΪΣ֪˶ѾˣҲʲˡ
Ԫ۽һţ˼ˣͣ顣̫ⶨ״ôô
ǡܭӦУ̫Ρ
Ԫμͣ飬μ¼޼
һ绻¹ۣһɫμȥ
ڳϣ³ʱۣȥգš
μ㣬ΪʲôҪ
ЦˣһҪֻϹ㣬˲Ÿ¼
ˣͿ³θǰǰԱţ˵ݼġ
ĳӭͣһ翪˸ţȴ
ӣһװТģ߽ɱμҵĳˡ
㣡ĳҲ۴꣬ۼ۸˫ȭա
ƿһǣ۱һȭͷϣָס˳Тջһ۽ȥ
μӵܶǰϰ׻ֽһӦȫ
̫Ըģ
۱ʮ˫۾ţ°㣬֪˭һڡӰֱδͷ㣬˳
ϳ֮󣬰ҿ
ҾǹŴ򡭡㡣
ӻ֪ԭҪ˵ʲôָͷϡ
ס˶ǣЦ˵ȥգ·ϸֳԺòãҪȥ󷿵î춬£Ѿ͵ˡ
۸Գ³ʤһȦٻء
ֳţѾΪҪҲɶȥ
Ҫ˵ɲԵüʡ
ǷҲִ̼ʮ꣬ѧݼ˵ʲôҺθɡ氢м̫ɴ࣬մ·ϡ
ҧһֵݵߣҲԡ
иֿëЩϣ˾塣
۲ԣŰҧһڣȻǸñ
ۻĸöȥһݡ
֪ӴŶϱȥˣ֪͵֪ԡ
žֱȥ϶켱ûϷˣƼ˿ãˣǻҪæء
һææϣɽȲȥĸ÷
˼ӵӾ֪Ϊʲôģüͷ΢̧æţ͵Եˣ
ĸͶһڷԡ
㣡ŭһССѩȥҪЩ۰ԵĲһԣһƵƵ̧ͷ
۷¿ӣĸʲôҪͬ˵
ҲԵ£ҲŲԭֻ֮󻹻عӼȥִ̣סɽŵҲûʲôȵְȥˣȻס
ҲȻҪŲ
ˣ뻻ס
ס˲⣬ɷԺ޹ģΪıҽס
ԵĲ˵ֻ˵ԿյļõǵľǽͬǸװΣͷĵǼľʦһŵõġ
ɫɴ߲飬߹辰棬Ƕ񣬹ʶĿ
ѹַӣ˵һطͻһطˣ
ֻúĸףҾǾɷԺǰװ̫ݻˡ
һסĶȥ
鿣ǵط徻Ժ䣬ˣҲ밢Ǽࡣ
ǵطôɣＫġ
ֻҪӿоɫͺá
üͷɶӴˣָ˹ٶ·ԺӣɲȫģסĶɲסĶ
ɰգѾͷɨȥ
ʢζĸֱߣһۣѽһס
᲻֪һԺӣϹȥС
֪۰ŻԺӵ£ҹŻɽһŸϣùﲻϳţúѾˡ
һ˵һ۸ȣʵŮǣиܸɴ
ϸ£ÿ졣
ĸ˴һ𣬺ܿͰѴ¶źˡ
ʲô۸ȣ
ҷʩѽǣҲǰˣ
죬ο˵ŲԺӵ£ӻϲϲţáٷˣˣ
еƣ
ڴÿնдУ´ʱ˺һֽ֪Щ·дȤ
ͷβɱдҪϸ¶ˡ
ĩдѾ˳ӵʱڰ֮⡣
ݶõ


182 
Ȣ

ɵȲڶ, һ֪ϢʱŵȥɷԺš
ݶϲģǻȥ
ģ׿˵ģº, ɰ˰գݶһ, ϲ˸Сϻ
Ϊҹﻹһ, 紵öѽ, ϽȿӲ, ٳЩǡ
, һ˻Ǵ˷磬ֽŶ, űů֣ҾȰĪҪء
˵ˣҲҪͷŻǾһ, Ҵ, ǵҿɵˣſˡ
ݶ͵ԺűߣΪţҸ˫Ьա
Ьѹ, С, ôҪһ˫Ь
ڰ֣أӣҪʹӣҺùϡ
ҹ纮, ݶվɷԺű, Žȥ, Ϻһů˺ס
ǣҲԼ˵ְ¯ݶһ
ݶЦˣǸˣһﲻˡ
ЩˮԲ˯ŵġĶ£ⱲҲǻģ£ҪúðϸǲǱЩ
ģ˳ǣ˶Զˣǻȥʰա
һ֪ɷԺݶŻȥճѺ͸ǵӣúڹͷƤû𿪹
ݶŤݣȰ滻İӵֶõס˰£̶ǶҪôЩǮȥ˸ǡ
ʱֻСƵģСˣ
ԭôúöݶõģֹסңʣɷԺָСѾͷܿ浽һ
ݶлϲǮҪ˹ӵǡ
ǳɳԵĶࡣ
ɷԺûڣѾͷҲҪҪȣѰĹӰڵҲ٣СѾͷһݶõУʱ
־ôˡ
ݶõֻҪܴúãЩǮʲô
Ǹӽ㶼ͬͣСϰ԰ҲСϰ԰ˡ
ӦһЦ֪ˣ
ڶһ磬˾ͱŰ뿪ɷԺ
ǸԲСѾͷŸ֣㻹ô˫˫ȥˣҲҪߣҪȻٷ˵˵Ҳȥ
ʣµĻһһء
ݶվЦȳԺţͬܣûµģƽҲ࣬ʱǡ
˭֪ݽˣһԭ˵ĻǵöϲǣҪ١ǡ
ݶüЦóˣأãǿɲܱıȥ
ȵɽȥ밲һ͵ôŰϽ緹ûУ
﷽ŻԸҪʳЦɣǺûҲԸϵġ
ллӽ㡣ݶЦݣɽ;ûؼˣʲôطеúܣҸӣ޻ůͣһԡ
ڸݶ˵۾ȴӸɨĿɨȥͿ
ͷһҲ̫ˣʱ˵ЦǲһЩ
ݶҡͷ˲źء̺ӵѾͷҲϴ裬ϳû⣬úܣôأ
Ҽյʱ򣬲һ¾ԲˣöԵõġ
ݶﻹǹݣݽûУ
סˣӵˣ˵·ƽڳӵһվһҲ¶
ƽͺáݶҲûʣǵ·죬ֻ֪ǽЩʲôĻʵ
ʲʣ˭ֻ֪ţһҲûʡ
ȥ°ҲȥˣǧҶ˵Ǿֻиݶ
ԺסôԺôҪˡ
ݶʱ֪Ķ˵ˣҲǧҶˣ˫˫Ҳܻ飬Ƕˡ
ǺòദͬǴ
ǶܺãҲѾͷöáݶֻߣʸ˵Ƣ顣
ǾͺãԺһԺﵱƢõġӵŸ棬˵̫ࡣ
ݶƫʱʣӽ㣬ȥȥȶ£
ҪȥģҲˣǷ˵ĵƻڴȶأôˣ
ҲţǸĸЩֽǮԪ
Цˣʲôȥ˵
ȥһңżæһգݶңȥȥȶ£
ݶҲ˶԰
Ƶķɽ֪ջ˵ųţ˵ͷȥǾʹȥ


183 һޡ
Ȣ

Ҫȥȶ½, Ҫˡ
˱ͷǵˣôȫһˣ
ḮҪҪ, ȥȶ͡
ǸҪȥҪȥ, ʱһ߶䣬һǮī, дʲôʫļ, ȫң
˰Ѷӹؽ˾˵ɷ, ԽԽ, ˻Ҫ鷳
۹۱ǣǹ, һ仰ҲҲ졣
仺񣺡ǰ¶࣬Ҳٵˣ, ͳȥ
Ϸ, ԸԤֽ
ֵˣϲЩĿӦд档뻹ֵֽ, ҪһЩ
֪ûֵԪ, Ҫﲻġ
ϽֽҲеģ˫ȥ졣
˫˻ֽҵ޺ϵֽԪ
磬Щ, СѾͷǾ㶼źǰˣ, ˫˫һ, ֻԲСȸ
ˣ
ˡӰС˫ߣѾͷ߾иСѾͷȵ
˫ҹŲˡ
˯̤ϡ
˵ⴲô󣬻˯㣿ֱ֣ҿûЩأ캮ضģϸ㡣
ҹ̸֪˸ǼСѾͷһ棬̶ҪЩ
ǵ̶ĵǹܲģĸŷ
ָܱɷԺ̺ģˣ˫˫ٵĵһڳһڿⷿҲã
˫˵ͬҪõģ˻Ӵء
һһʮ˵
ŷͨ⡣
ֻҪͨ˲ŷڶҲܰϢȥ
ٿǲרϵ˵Ľύ
ĵﲢš
Ͱ͵ӣӻĵʱԲҲôСˮѰҪЩ
ݵֻ۾͸Եÿࡣ
Ҫݶôܵס̧ۿ˿Ҫôã

û˵ȥȴڴϼ꣬һ촯ޣӺ͸̺Եʡ
˵ƣҹֵҹȣů
ǸϱЩͶϷ
òڴÿﶬáʱͶ︡Ӷ㲻
Ӻ͸ⶬů
΢΢ֽۣ۾˭ϣǸ
ͷֵֻ૵Ǹôһ٣ֻҲɣݶϾգ
û˵
ǡڴʱۻˣžͼڵֽԪҪոĸ˵ģ
˵ž͵䣬λ
ȥݶԤҪȥҲš
ǡ
ȡһŻֽѧŰҲֽԪֽžȰЩܿ͵˰ڴ
Ԥˣᶢǣ춯Ӳˡ
һֻԪӽЦЦ
ȥݶӣҪȥȶ£ԤԤ
ݶϲӦһл㣬û뵽ôȥ
æٷܼĹǲˡ˵ߣԶţʲô
ƫƫһֱδҲûҾ
סȴûϷ˵ôͷȥѽ
𼱡
ӳ̾һôھǺڣ׾ǰףϽ˲źã
ĸԵôѩȸ͵õȵ𡣡
۰Ͱ͵ȵϣҪ׳ȥˣҲûҹûȥԽԽɣ᲻ִˣ
ѧʱҲ˼ΣиôӰ
˺һԼһӼǰСѾͷڳ
ʻȥ
ʱʱɨһۣôôöôһ£
еôˣֶˡۼӵڶηȥϽ
ʱӦУн⣬л֥ǡ˵ŴʳУ¶ֵġ
˿⣬ЦҲԣЩȻҪɽġ
ݶЦˣ֪Ҫɽҳ񶡰ӡ
ÿ黨ǣţЦ˵
ӿˣÿһЦлл㡣
ģԽԽ
˳ǽɽСᣬһֱڻ˱ߡ˴ȶ£Ҳû뿪ҡ
ֱ㣬⹫ϵͣϢݶǰǽȥƽ㡣
ŲѣͷȥգӸء
Žȥǣ˶࣬ǿɱ߲ˣϸ͵˶
ݶõ㡣
ӵĿҪ׷ȥ
ӣ衣
Ż񣬹ôһ㶼أ⼱϶쳤ˣ
ݶƵڹǰ̴ִ°ݣݶ֮󣬸ȡһƽǰ
ֻصߡ
ô죿̲ס
ţ㣬Ҳûʲôɹģ˶Լƽᡣ
㰸ǰϹӦоУ϶ڵĹƷùԽӣʲô¡
˿ĭ
ͷҲТġ
ǱҲѾ㣬үλ˵ЩҲիˣϽȥʵǶ࣬طּﻹһҪæ
ҴɽִҴɽ
س̵·û㰢һѾͷ㶼Ųȥ
ûţ³ʤų
ƽ᲻ãСɳֱʰƷɾӣñϹ
ЩװڴУСɳְֽ֪֪ͣѴϵԺ򿪺ˡ
ˣ
ǣûþǣֻǸţڴ䵽Ķȥ
ȳʻϢ
үٷˣǴ֪ǰĻɡ
ɰѴﶫʰһ飬ֹ̯ƽᶼһɶѹڻɵĵϣֲֻֻ
ڼǮһֻ˶࣬ܿɢ˳ȥ
ҪϢδҲðˡ
ǳɮ˸֮ޱ⡣
ʱݶһں󳵣ûһ˵ҪҪóͣһͣЩӱӳԣ
ݶҡͷôæǾͲˣظٳҲС
ʸأҪҪЩǣ
дţͷֱģûĸɾ𡣡ݶֻˣóĪǶˣȳǵһ棬ظʹ
ֻǿУݶ̾һҲ֪ݽ㵽Ķ·ϵ߲
˵ʱҲ̧ͷһۣǰݽҪǹͺˣð
˵ݶһ۵ҽҪ򻨲°ӡ
뵽Լðôʱ򣬹Ҳм
Сӵİٱء
ǽݶ֪¶㻹ȤѴôãŮٰѻŮ
ݶõԴ
ӿʵüѣǽ˵ŹҪôʱ˶٣䲻ܳţҲ԰֡
ǽҲЩǮӣٸһ㡣͸ôˡ
Цӣ㣬һ˶Ǯ
ɿСѾͷǮ٣˼£Ǯ
ǮǶǮ׬ģ˸ӣͷʵģҲеĻͷģϸʼ۲Ųƭ
ʱӺջļҲЩǰҪһľͺˣҽֻӡ
ʻӼ³ȥ
ݶܵô컹һôˣǲǼҪѾͷĳŶҪʳˮ·
ĿƳǺЦӽ뵽Сʱˣ뵽ļˡ
صɽãȻѡ
Ųյߣһģ֪ԥˣˣ
ôôǸСֶֹɣô
ɫ΢ڳ϶˵ʲôˣ
ӱ㽫Ź˵ˣģᵽֻ˵һ䣡ݶᣬ˵ġ
۴ͷڸ˫˫һ˵ĸ
ÿһ䣬˵ӵĿϡ
ӻߴҿŪˣ˵ˣǴǶô̧ۼ飬֪δȥԴһ֪֪ˣҶžǡ
ڴʱ̧ͷڣŰȻЦٷˣҪҪЩ÷ƿ
ףһЦ
ð


184 ȫ¡
Ȣ

ҹۻط, Ἰϰֻƿƿв˼֦˲衣
⻨Ūõ£˭ժģ, ԵĻ, ֻÿղƿʻаڷŵʹ, ܲôζ
Ǹժġ
۳Ƭ, ԰Ȳ鲻ʲô, Ѱͷ, ǽ͵Էȥ֮󡭡ʰ
Īе䣿ǣ㡣ҡͷҪô, 񲻺ϳģ
ʧЦϳأָӣ
ֲ֪ͣƽá
ǲ鲻ͷβģҲձҪȥԺְ˺ԺӴ˱δ߹·, ôʮ־, Լһʱչ˲
ƿ÷ɫ׺ɫĴƿ¡
, Ϊܸ֪ļ, ÿղǰвͬĻŲͬʻ޻ʱҲŷժٺ
ҡͷ
һʱװΪβԸ⣬Ȱ, ˵Ҳǰ, ȫ˶ɲɻ, ҲҪԺ
ˣȷߵϹҪĶȥпô
δʹۣһ֪Լŭ
ΣҲҪٶ
˵𲡴ʱӸң븣ֲͬ
ãһδǰ̺㡣
ͷӦʣű˵£㰢ʱòã
ֻҪ˵͹ܹұ顣
Ӱʱ˵˵Եӣŵͭȥһ·ġᡱ졣
˵ǳ֮˰մʱԼ֪ȥ֪˺ӣŵڴϵ졣
أССİߣŰĺʡ
ɲסˣһ°߻ˣı£˵ѧġ
Щ£˵˵һٱ顣
ôĹ£ɴû˵ĵ
㣬˶λ˵ɷǣԼһӣ˸鷳
ָҪ鶨ףģҲ
ǰΣμôڴϣ֪Ǽį
˵һٱĹ£ҲΪį
׺ĸס
۶סĸദģСʱĸһʱ仹Щˡ
֪֪ÿȥҪ˵˵
۵ô׹֮ĸ׶λ˵ĻҪȸʱĶࡣ
۳ǵԺ÷ա
Ҳãòĸ÷ˡ
ĵȥȲҪ˸ˣ
Цˣá
˳ֵ˼
ҹ÷һ˳Էҵ޺ϰڷһ÷Сڲ
ǰһ࣬ټӼСˡ
ףҲСһĲɫ÷
˵ˣ˲ôˣ
ƼʳӶˣЦǾ͸óǵģһٺЩࡣ
һ÷ǲء
Ų䣬ĵȫˣԲڵ
һͶӳԵģһǰԵġ
ͮͮģžɤӣҲ£ָһʰ
ǵ׺Ķʣʲô
ҼĳʳëѰǳԲġ
ǶƳһë⡭ǳù
ǳëĲźóԡ
˺ͳܳԣ˳԰ҲùЩ˲˵ǰ
ԾԾԣһѰסĿӣҡҡͷ
Ц۸Сˣô嶼ϳһڡ޶ʮˣֻиһ޹Ѿͷܸһë
߻ʲôﻹʲô
ǿɾͶˣ÷ɲˣ⣬ٸТ˵Ķʳ
ٸʲô
׽ɵı˿棬ɿıҲ԰ذ硣ʱʱ⣬֪ǰһͱ˰ࡣ
˵߹ϰףֳڵСӡ
ǰؽȺȫԸɾˡ
Цúϲ£죺ٷ˿ɵóÿپͳ԰࣬ôúá
һֱĬĬţЩ£ûĸ
ڶȥˡ
ͷһ죬˻ϰߣԶ˻ʳ˸ɽӣֵԺɢʳźЩ
죬ѾԸСгţµˣôȥҶζˣٲݳ
СڿЦˣ֪ȥԸ
ȢϱǿգȤ
ϱŮ࣬ˣô˵ЦһƪТûУ
ҡͷ̾Ϣֿֿۡ
趼һٸⶫʱѹѾԶˡ
˰صģ־˸͵ģ˵㡣
ҲЩ⻹ûһ
˻òıīԻһžžͼֽϻ÷һ֦ܹʮһ÷꣬ԶÿȾһꡣ
ˣ׻ڣ֦÷鿴˻ŵһȥ
ͼֲ÷ͼ
˿ô˵ţȴСⷿȡһױеѩ÷ͼǶ͵ȥ
ҲãҲһЩˡ
һʱѩ÷ͼһʱ̴
ݱױֱ𣺡ӣٷǹﵱɩӡҪٷˣһ֡
ۣ㻹˵ʲôϲ徻أǰֵġ
Ҳ֪ĸЩЦöˣ趼˵ĸҹ˯ü㣬غȰҩ˯
ԭһҹҪĻأ˯Ҳǳ⼸տһ˯϶ʱһҹһΣǺü궼δйġ
֪ĸ׼įԭԼ÷ʱԵ򵥡
ĸ˵Ҿʱʣ괺죬ĸҪҪؼʡף
лſӣô˵Ųסδڣش£ģ
ģȥ۴Ӧ
ǿһۣŵͷðĸ׻ؼʡףΣ
ϲᣬѾҿʮˡ
˵괺죬¿ӾͿʼԤؼҪѣСǵдţдţĸ
۷û꣬ͱĸǰȥд˷Ҫؼʡ׵ţһͻ¥ҡ
ҹ۳ʵ򰢱лл㣬ʲôģҪģֻܸңұ쵽
۾գģһƪŮ롷
ãߣ㳭æŶմ£۱ڷ顣
գȫˡ
ռϣТƪŮƪӲ㡣
ƪֺһǽģÿīɸɾѹƽʵ˲ŵһ顣ԽԽ⣬۵ͷҵء
ֱƪ͵˴ĸ
ϲ˼գŸպЩ˵ϱЩ죺ˣ
ǣһҲ֪д˶á
ơֽӹȿɾûīˮգȵͷøɾ˵ǳдδ¡
ٿּʱϾˣϱ־ôãīûʮĿ๦д
dɹӣʳҩûˣӺЩôҹﻹ麹һֽüͷҪңСȥա
ۣ֪ϱģĿɨ̾˿ϱдģɵּ
ּĵƭӣȴƭ
ǻơ
Ůɷ򳭡Ů롷ģ
޶˶һۣ޿κΡ
ˣɵȥա


185 һ
Ȣ

Դ괺Ҫȥ, Ƴɵҩһʮꡣ
ҪæʰҼǵ·һ, ŵʱͷ˪, ţһȫˡ
һ˵һ, , ͵ʱ, ˵һ, ͻһˣ˵, Ӳȫš
ʱǣ޵ĲԶһǿЩЩ, ܻؼһˡ
һȾǶʮꡣ
Ԥؼҵ, ˼⣺ЩѶ̫ˡĸ׻ãŵʱһ£ؼʱһ׾£ĸ׵ᡣ
İ¸߰ĸ˵
ǾȫµģʮŻһ, Ȼ¶Ҫ˵⡣
, Ӿ͵˷С
ɫ죬ʯ̣, ɫ֯ӶѵǶ, ӺһȥϷ, ˵үٷТ˵ġ
ܴЩɫʹģǹѸ֯֯ױƽڻ󣬴ȥ˳Ц
֪˲Щѣһˣﰮʲôʹʲôܱ˵ʲôĸ˾С

һ֪⻰Ƕӽ̸ģ뵽ҵʱĸײʮͷҪʮˡ
ͷ˸˼ƥɫģϡ
ߴٰ֪æ֮˾ҪԤΣ
۵ְϢһصѩƬƵķ
֮ǰ˵Ĵ٣һҹ֮䣬ҷ׷Ͷ
ЩҪڣĪ˵ˣֱŵԪȥ
ֺֺЦ֮ǰ£Ҳֻмʺӵˣ
ʺģҲȫǺ⡣
дĶ˵ģװɵ֪ѯˣôˣڼТôôͷĻ˵
ʵùǺǻоЩŶûʱظ۽֮ŽЩżַһһš
˰֮ǰŸӣһøƣ㿴ԭô˵ģأƤ
˷ϲ¾ˬµĽЩ˵һλͬҲйֶ֮꣬˾ǡ
ʱҲһĺѣ˼޵úЩҲʱͣʳ
һӾ֪ˡ
֪˺ǲ죬ſϵΪʾ䣬ͷɻǵ۸ɻ飬ĺ񣿡
Щ°ǵá
ҡͷ˴ӱͷߺ߳һһ޵˾ǣʱãҪͬұȽϡ
һ˵һúЦֲӵˣҼǾѣ˴ˣʺ򣬻񲻺ã
ƫƫ˼֮ˣ˹úЩᡣ
ѹҪЩᣬ˵Щο˵Ļ
˵ǿοң䶼÷˸ռ޽űһٵУȴ˼С
ǻ˵ãǸӹȥݼ͡
˳ʱм޵żұǾĿˣиڣܿοЩ
ž
±춨ȴʤһЩҲû˺˵˵ͷأ˼Ҿ˵ˡ
ԭ鲢׽˵Ů
ڶӣǸˡ
˵䣬۾ҪЩʥֱۡ۶ѵûʥ飿ֻʹ䶼ɡ
ǻҲȻҪŮڣʮ꣬ĸŮ˽˵
ͷһȫ˵
С˵ϵܺУȲ衣
ͷõʱůﴰţϣ˴ͷ
ϰźܻж۽ӣ֣ըţ⡣
ͮ죬ƵĽơ
ȳԿֽ֣˸ըš
Ҳ˸Ůǹ۸ԽԽϢͬҶŮ¡
ʱѾ͸˵ıԣͬˣôᶨŮס
ù۸ҡ
ƲƲ졣
ׯԳ֣ʱѵ¶ɱ飬̲סЦ
˸ˣּ̽Ů£ؾ֪˵ˣ뵱һˡ
ôЩ˼ҵŮҪƫƫȢ큸Ů
Լﲻʹ죬ôϱҲʹ죬١ο˼䡣
ƫƫӼֻдοʣ̽ǲ̫үȢּŮġ
ּҹλֲߣʲô
ȵۺͰɻ飬Ҳ⵽·ӣȥ˵˾䡰ԾǴԣ档
ͷ԰绨òɣʴҲȢ
˵Ե棬˼ּŮ֮˰ˣѰû飬̽ɿĪǹۡ
գ̫үˡ
ͷֽ˺һͨ
ЩȻ˶Уؿ۾뵽˵Щ顣
Ǹģ·ѹͲô˵򲻵ô˵ˣһƬΪ˺á
ϱҲ̫ùˣôôɣҵӸöѹ
ֻҪͷ˽Ļ壿
ɻвϰֵģѵϱ̫Ӳ
˵һ¨˱ڴʱ˵ûɲô˵˭أͷôöѽ
ˣͼˣ
һΣ˵һûģôᡣ
ԵýζСɫ˿֥ģСţǷۡ
ЩҲѾһˡ
ϻҲҲĵģֻʱڽ̵¸ЩŽʱ˿ӡ
ТҪͷ߶ⲻҪġǰ˵ˣ°ʢ
ȼˣ֪ʲôˡ
ˣһƣҵдŸҪˡ⻹Ӹᡣ
̿˵дšϲ²յСˮúˣ˺̺ڵʮȴΧ׵ķ۲ʴ
ǰˮ÷緢ҲԺо¡
ͷȴ£üǾġ
ʳĵҲѾⶨǼТأöǳأͶ౸
˿ͷ
ֱӶ԰գЩ˵
侴˵Ϊˣѧ𣬾ûô˵Ų¼ʮĽ档
һӦУУǾ˵
ֻ׮´ãֻһãŮȿڣӵġ
ûӣҪǲڣȵͷףҲῪڡ


186 
Ȣ

֪Զһżҵ, Ѿȥү
ү˽ҷ˵ӣҪȥҸ磡
֪ԶŴŽ飬Դϲ, һ棡
ΪᲩʿ, 뼸λѶ˽飬ǼﵹҲһ, һ´, ȴظ
µ, ܵ÷ָڰǷ, ܸôȫ𱰡ָǹ
μᲩʿʦ, Ჩʿ׵ʦҪһ۱һۣƲѧ
֪ԶΣڳֲÿۻߺߵ, ɴǰ˶Ͻ
ȵԳ״, ְ˺Ժ
֪ԶüЩȥʫƻᣬеĻһĽ顣
֪ԶԸЩ˵Ŷ, һŲ
лЩɺ, ǰ£ʱ뵽ȥʹס
ԭΪһ˼̲ס, ˷, , ѵõļˡ
ûģѵˣ
Ҳֻǹػһѧûʲô׵¡
ʹĸףãмƣѧʶΣ
ܽĸȥĻᣬĿһҹġñƲòգһҲܼȡ
ôʣƽƽһۣʲôɣ
֪Զɥĸ׸ˣϰĸӣҪʲô͵װʳ
ԣǾʮ˸ӣҲʲ֪ġ
ҡ
֪Զ֧࣬˰ΣҾţ뽫ҵ˼
ʹ£ʹоʹлԼ
ýʵôϸ
˶һۣǵͨ죬ô룿
ѧƽƽģƽƽƽƽΪλ㣿
ҹ飬ƾʲôҪƽƽӡ
֪ԶŻͨһĸӭ汻ʹȭϺξȥ
Сϰˣĸ˵СԼףȲҲûҿ䣬ûʱˡ
룬ͷҲǿ㺩ʵô˵Ҳȷôġ
⻰ڿ䣬֪Զ˲
ҲƳζˣǲǼã
˲˵Ǹ˼縸ǿԴĸãȴеŮ
ôã
ĸûڣ֪ԶҲµֵ֣˶
Ÿֿ㱻ĸסЦʲôФ˼ҵĹ顶徻
֪Զǰվñֱʵʵ徻
ĺþǣ֮Ķ壬Ȼ𡭡
ۿգա
ŬվֱˣŲҡͷԣǶԴҪ˵пģҪøЩ
ֱȫǿտտգһ˿ҲޣŷߣŶ飬Щ߰ġ
Դ֪֮Զ棬һֶҲá
ҵӣ⶯
׿үüЦģϲұǸү׵ģϲүȢٷˡ
֪ԶüһۣԣȴƵðݣֲֱתȦӡ
˽ӣߵʣԶ˵Ĳһ˼
ĪҪФ롣
Ф룿ҵĹֲҷ˵ŮҪףԶѡŸõġ
֮£㡣
Ҳ˵Ԥȥҵɻɫ
ȥһҶˣҿн׵˼ͽøЩ
֪ԶҸĸ״͵͵ҵĸߵ裺裬һ׼Ŷǲǡǲǡ
ȵͷҡͷٵһȣҲ˵ˣݲҹŵĹýء
֪Զɫȥ
ǴСģ϶䲻ҹȥڡ
ҪȻȥ⣬Ҳſ첻ǡ
׻е֪ԶҪͷֿ裺裬ôˣ
˵©죬ϽҲǴȷԶľǾˣҹ
Ҫ˵ԼҸĺôȥˡ
ʵǶӣҪӦ꣬ĸǸʡµģֻ˵ʵ¶
͵үɸɾģִӲ߻żٱڼҶ飬ŵҵġ
ʲôԸ⣿
֪Զ˺Ļܵ˵֯ȥſͣ£ѾͷͨҪĸס
ѾͷүүƢǺãЩͼգô
ȥˣүͷ˵Ҫ
ֲ֯ʮ£ͣӲţ
֪Զűһ۽ǹĸ׵ǰ˫ִס°ݣȢҹĸΪס
üͷ
֪Զûȵĸ׷ôأ̧
ȻˣǾͺһ󡣡
֪Զ̧Цüֻۣޱĸ׸õˣлĸףĸ򸣣ĸס
ȥ
ϻûȥϼԣûܼҹȥңҪΪԶףҪȥ
λ﾿Ǹʲôò
ȥҡ
ŻǱԸЩ԰Ӿ£Ѿͷüˡ
˼ңҲʫ飬۵̲ʲô
˼˺ǿ㣬ֻǼʵææ˴ŵС
ˮߵ÷翪ǰˣͻ
һ˽ˮ˲ġ
ŲյأѾͷأҲͣ
ô˵ˣн׵˼ˡ
ţƬ̣ͼˮ⼸ѾͷӵŸ°׶ĹϹ
źˮϣ÷Ŷǹ仨¹
Խ߽Խǵɴ۾
°÷СīİȹӣһˮУȸٸ밲˰
˵˵ͷ
һߣŰ£Ӳڰ
ߵļˣϱ죬ưΡ
ôסβ˿ĭ
ҪТܳŽʣֵԶ
ͷȥڳҳ£ԽԽò
ô˻һ仰
˸ʹɫðڣôҲ֪Զʦһ֪Զ¡
˭֪Ǹ£˾Ϳżɽ
ˣҶȢǧ𡣡
˸Ҫǫ䣬˵ЩͻСƽڼҲѧ֮Ļ̧ͷͼʹʹɫ
ߵĻͳˣðǾһա


187 һ
Ȣ

˻ĵ̫, ҧͷ
ڿڿһɤӣԼԼԲΪ, ֪, ӵѧƷҲ˵ࡣ
ȱԼҾʱ, Ůˡ
³ٳδ, ТԵʡ׾һ, 黭, Ů˵ôͨ, ҲǼõóֵġ
˼Ľ棬Ҿû͵ý̶ˣûģҲ, ỹܲ
Ůҵ, ģֻҿȥҪĳϲۣҵһ
ǷֱӦô, ΪŮȢ, ࣬Գѡ׼ҡ
зôףͿ
δŽʣʮһʱòס
ǰݻͷ, ǴӡĸҪΪȢ, Ůҵļ岻̫, ֻдŮѡ
ӾЩϢģŵȢòŮһӣ
ȵĸӵֶΣ۾һˡ
˺ܿԵͷгϢű㲻ˡ
ϱʵѵټ沣ӽ񲻳Կ
ȵ۸ŵӾ͸ˡ
ʮͷ˺ԺķëǣֻǴƷĺ̶˽֪ԪжƲģܽ뺲ԺŸɡ
׵˼ҲŵڸˣԭӣҲ˵ӡ
˿ˣӵǻɣǵճֲϴ󡣡СĶ⽿ЩҲǣֻǸͯ
ѧϲЩֻ֪ļ˵ѧʫ飬ճСӱѧŻᵽ컹ͯ
ҲܿԽ鶨˼ң壬ӣ˵ȥ
Լиʮ͵̽ĶӣƲ÷Ҳɷ
̣ȥģǰͷ
еͷ⼸䣬һһĹ򣬾Ͳ֪ҷûС
ÿ˵һ䣬˾͵һͷ
˵䣬յ˿ڲ裬ЦӯӯҪףҲͬ˵ǵˣǾͰŹ
ֱ˵ĿϣãǱ㰴Źذ졣
ľ仰Ĺ򣬶Ѿʼ̸׵ˡ
ҼûĹý˿оټģ
У˫ϲֵӣɵ¾ģ졣
˰£ͷ˽ſӣٵ͸顣
ǱϲǵøϽȥիϲ֣¹ɾ͹ˡ
лˣӣҼǷ¥
һͷŻ൱˼ҽ׾ǱˣõĶ࣬Щʲô˴˶ǿ
ҹȱԶЩ¹պãÿλҶġ
ţвסģҵ׼ң½öˬ졣
ûԼɲĵطʹ˸ɫӱˮĹˮƵȥ
ȻµЦ߹ȥˣȥ߹ﱨϲգҲϲٷ˵УҪȥ߹
´ϲŤͷܻȥš
ͷϣݱ֪⣺ҲˣҲǡҾż
ݱ׸Щ飬֪ǲס
˭֪˾ҡͷżĵ֡
˵ҧ´ҴԼǲ
׵ļңĸûһһϸϸ˵ΪʲôȢƵġ
ɽС¥ϣż֪Զ
Σң˿ڼ򵥣徻
뵽Ҳ׵˼оͲ֪ѡһҸЩˡ
ݱ׵ǻ޼ҸЩճģӣصŻҪ׵ģҪϱȥĸֵôܵס
ԶĲͿҹ֪
ҹõģɷ뷨ӽӳȥܿҲгͷһաʲôʱͷ
ݱȰţ´ܽˣ
黹δΣݱ״ϲģģ
ģ·ӽ׿˵ģҸϽţ˵ٷ˵о͹
˰Σ۾˿
Ѿͷϲ⣺Ǹɵʲôãݱ׺޲óȥűڣ뵽巿˹ձףû䶨ô
Ѿͷ۰Ͱ顣
룺һѣֽ̿ī뻭ử
ݱﵽǸأǲأ
ݱһֽһīĥʰΣһʶ䲻ȥŻһۣ͵Ц
ֱ磬̫Ҫɽ÷
ˣȥҪ졣
ԽԽ࣬ǰȡ˱īһʱǼҪ£ʱȫгˡ
ȡղŸհʱˡ
ڶдں棬һĿȻһҲᵢ
˸ʱѵ¶ϲ⣺̸£㳩졣
ʱŰͷҹӲ֪Σмɩӣ˵ʡöࡣ
Ƚ͵űߣԶˣŵǹŹ֣ԭô̫û뵽һͰµȫˡ
Ҫ水ȥĹذ죬ýһһܣһ䣬Ǳ߻һ䣬治֪Ҫĥأ治һȫˡ
Ҫϲ¸飬ҲƳˣҲˣȥա
ڻؼҵ·ϾͷԸ飬һó̹ȥիȶ϶ٺϲ
֪Զס鷿ȥͷڿգȫ·һ顣Ҳÿ顣
Цúϲ£ڣǸǺøԭҲû˵ݻҪףɷһֱѹţҪ˹Ŷס
ÿѹѹҪȻĶôõ¡
ԵĲ˵ҹģֻһŮ˶Щ᲻׽
ѵõĵĸˡ
û˵߶ǿɣ䵽һ顣
˵ʱ֪ԶתȦװۿӿڣʱܵ鷿ţү˻ˣ
֪ԶͰܵſĸסȥĸף۾ȴȥ衣
㿴Ҳǲǳˡ
ƹ̲סЦˣͷ
֪ԶͲŸֿϽסˣ顶徻
Ц⣬ĸ׵ߵãһҲ£ĸ׶ӿˣĸδ飬óţʹ
ˡšһ̸µʱҲ˺ЩģֻܶѾͷʢ
֪Զֽӹ룬ĸʢǰ
룬ɨ˶ۣ㲻ң
֪ԶװȻӣĸײ˵Ӷˡ
û˵꣬ͼĸ治죺㣬ĳϣϵķϲŽŮ㣬ǳġ
Ҽ֪Զðսסĸ׵Ļͷļ١
װһװƵģһ仰˹
ȻļΪҪװӣ
֪Զ䲻֪ԼԸôֽġ
ˣԼȥ¶ˡ˦ֽ
֪Զ´򿪣ͼдţ˫ϲֹýӣϲٺڷͣ£ʼ
ǻ顣
֪ԶֽЦһЦһ
͵ڱߣģôҲȲ£ӿĿأȥ
֪Զֽţܵ跿У˵˵ʲôģ
ͳŲסˣˣҪΪСүĻôһˡ
ʣ˰죬ʲôʶȻֻһ仰֢
иˡ


188 һ
Ȣ

ȥأˬ, ôĹѾӶųˣɲɼ, Щǰܰꡣ
ô, Ųκ, ôͶˣ
§סҪⷿ, Ҽ, Ҹһõӡ
ϷԹ, ֻҪ޵˼Ҳͺãֻױһõӡ
浽⵱, ۵΢ʪ
Ļš
ʱ§Ӹ᣺㲻Ը⣿Ҫ治Ը⣬¾ȥ˵顣
ҡͷҲ, 浽, ֺ¡
£룬ҹ˶֪Զ׵, ܼһ, ˵ϼ仰
ߣôá
׵һңԭҲһȵҶף˴˾Ͷ, һ涼ûټ
Ϊ, òŻ, Ҫûаæ¶ֻ»ڷء
ʲôֳҲ棬ͨš
תȥ򲻺Ϲصģ첻µز£ƫƫصĸ羹Ҳ֮¡
֪ʱôҲš
ǻ§ڻ壬˾Ͳˣ˯òã
ͷ磬Թһ㣺á
ҹصɽҪȥɽãٷȥ߹ûš
˽һ٣ҹȥ鷿
ƶã̧ͷȥɽĵƻûȫһֱû
飬ȥԺʡ
䣬ˣ鷿£ٷ˵߹үص
ڽվãðͷү
֪ˡ
Щƣ̧ü鷿ֻƵü⣬ˡ
飺ҪҪүԤЩҹҼţӽٷ߹ɽþֻǼѾͷڡ
֣Ҳѹأٷ˲ʱү˯鷿ġ
һֱɷԺ֪Щ΢Ҫ˵ʲôȻү
飬̴
۶һҹڶҲûŰ֮ǰԸٷˣҹ÷гů
鴫ܽŴ
Ͱ͵ҪůӣҧŴЦˣůӣǴɩɩȥء
죺Ȼ˭
˵죬˰һǣޣҲ֪ߡ
һţСˣžЦӯӯģٷ˺߹ȥ
һ·㷣սϷͼǰĴϣֻ˫ϲĺУһ㣬һź
ɲʱߺ졣
Ц׮£ʲô
ǣ֣ߡ
˵ˣһʱżѰ㣬ȵɼʱ򶨻һüҴ㵱
ЩǸӴģ밢ף˻㣬һˮ㡣
ҿܻЩģ˵ǼҴ㣬ǾǼҴ㡣
ȻһƾȷҴȢõɼ
ͷ
Ż˸ˣȥռףЩӣҾƸˡ
ʱ˿ɫ֪Щ£̲סĵ׷Цȥˣ
ǡΪ̽ɵĻ£Ҳʶҷǣͬһ㡣
ӵʮĹýˣ⣬ҲҪһмҵҲãòҲãܵм
ˣƵģ֪Զʮˣӡ˹ģҲƼˡ
֪ԶվĿɿڴҪûҵ£˭Ըҽף
ӼѲģ۸ڶģԼǸջҪҸġ
ûôʵϵģ
ʮĹýҲǰ׵ģ仰ʹ˵ӣŻͷǰһͻȥԤƷһȥ
ӻ˵һ˵׻ҶԸĹ򻹵
˭֪ӵĻˣ˵Щա
ĹұƸˡ
˺ӣ˽һȥͷһб˿һ¹Ƥ
˵Ҿ͵水죬˿һ¹Ƥֽû˻ˡ
нһ׳ͷ档һԧһǸ»ϲʮϸ
ô̵ʱͰֻ»ľޡ
޳вɫëƤϣоһСϻ𶧡
˿ЩԾࣿ˵ƸǿмҲΣô࣬ȷʮг⡣
⻹ǰڳȢŮļˡ
ƸĹ˵ˣү԰ġ
䣬ϸǼϣ֦ʯѣơ
Է˷ϲ쵹ϲ죬ôȫˮʳ
̾˾䣺ǱǿЩЩӣ̫Ǵġ
ʰĪ˵ѡϵģôࣿԵĳϣ
Ƹɨһ飬ʵڼǲסôֻ࣬飺һأıʯģС
鲻˵֪ǼƽƸٵˡ
ģһ棡
ȥۣ֪Զڻ԰һ档
϶÷򣬵Ҫδ׵÷˽ᣬʱüҡͷ񲻺ϡ
´ۣɱĸֺŪңҪϣôдŸңôҶ˽ܣ
񣬸ð
Σǲ˵ǡǷޡ
֪ԶҲǷѽôͲˣ
֪ǲ֪
ɲЩɰЩҾȥҲĻź˯ž
ۻᣬּһ䣺§ܾ˯ˡ
ϻذ취ƵԶԶһ֪Զ
۲ɿڣԶԶһۻɣҪ˴棬Ҫ˵Ǿɡͷ顣
Ӳӣ
ӴҼٷʲôԸ
ʰѣҵױƣҪȥ߹Ժס߰˾ʮա
⻰֪ڶۣӦǡ
޺ϣ֪вһҲһҳ顣
ӽʹɫſֹأ¼Ϲ˺üѡ
ѣ߹䣬̿յȣٷÿȥҪġ
ǵôƿ¶ȥÿһΣϻؾʹ˰죬ԡ
Ѿͷһһ
֪ѾͷӣЩ˵ģʲôԹˣô֪
ǷҲǲС
ʹ˸ɫ㣬˵ɻȥɴ͵Ц
֪Զæ괺쵱ģΪĶŹǽߣԼʰԺӡ
Žµ÷齣óԺеİŽ߹ͷ齣ڴ˶顣
ȥḮƸ񣬴º
ҲҪһ飬ö
֪ԶҲЩϱ͵Ĵ˵æͷʱĺ裺û˵ʲô᲻Ųʹ죿
迴һۣүֲͷ쵱˵Ķˣ֪ˣֻԽԽĳϡ
Ḯ͵֪Զǰүү
֪ԶˣʿĭֲҪҵѧʰգ


189 
Ȣ

˵Ҫ֪Զ, ֪Ūʲô
½ôɴʹ죬ԶԶۣҲûʲô, ܵý֪޵ԲǱ⡣
ǿЩ, ǻʲôҲûƼô¡ɷϹдʫ, ǰûܼү, ֻүдʫ
ƫƫʫ, ŵͷޡ
Ǳĸ޵, 뾩ԽԽǻ, һдʫ˲ǸſǸôã
ǻֳοĪţҼϴú˹, ܵҲǸ
ܵ鲻, ֪
ɻȻֳȴʱ´˺üǺ«
õǺ«ͿһӣֳʣǲǺ«𣿡
Ǻ«в, 뵽, ֪ɷ᲻Ǻ«ʱž̫Զ
ֱͷһĲضС
ү˵϶ôӢֻ, ϵ, 
Ҳһ, 
ˣҲҼŷ˳ǰҲʣĨ档
ǻС࣬Ҳû룬Ҫʫ˴дô죿ѵλܴظɣ
ʫ¾Ѿ׼ˡ
뵽ʱЦЩ¹̾˶ˣǺ«˰գ
ˣһȫǿŲݶСԣгգԼĲŸɾ
˵ͷԼģǸζ
ֻԸҪǺ«Ҳ֪ٺʣɴݶһ˻
ɽǺ«¹ú񣬴ɽ髸ԵþӨ͸˼ݶⶼ˰Ѽﶼй
һͿĸŸݶ⣬ݶϲǺ«ƼЦĸôࣿ
ǿģԸų԰ա
滹Ųݶѡ˻Ǻ«ôʵϵɽ髴󣬵µɽС
ԱЦܳԵˣ봮ˡø˵ллĸ
ûһҲˣ鶨׵£Ѿ֪
ҼҷǺ˼ңܶôһ£˼Ҳd˼
Һ⣬ϰԤõױּӺЩ
ȻҲ֪ŶЦų֣ÿ⼸ôҲǶȥˣ
Ҳѹһסĸ첲ȥ㣬ױ
еͷѾͷѾͷǺõģЦӯӯ⼸ŮôǶױû͵һˡ
죬ֻһۣȻѾ˵ס
¬дҪúТĸ࿴£ԭ˱ˡǿţѺ֡
ТڹˣܴܵЩ͹Ϊðϲ¡
ֽСģٷȥ⼸Ҳæš
ͷæʲôס
ۻصУͼԺСѾͷһǺ«ݿҲһ֧ڿɽϵ¡
Ķģ
һݶ⣬ָҵġ
ãȻĸһݶıǺ«
ĸôҪ
˵Ǹ˵˵ŻͻȻˡѿһǺ«ݸۡ
İ˳ֽӹȥҧһڡ
ŷְǰͷ¿Ӹˣͷɽֻ˵ƤëԲĺɽǳǳӡ
ôԡûʳڣ
ֲֻ£͵Ц֪Ū
ǴûƤǺ«˿裬ҡͷ
֪Զˣǿ˵ģֻܼһ棬ʾ䰲
ŻЦ⻰˸ۣĬΪΪ֪صġ
ڶһ磬˵ҹѾˡ
Ѿӣˣ϶飬ϼ̧ͷۡ
ﴰ⻥һۣô磿
֪ԶҲ̫ż˰գ
Ͻͣ£ȥ飺Ͱ˵õģ԰еůͤͷҡ
ۼŻ£
֪Զˣ¹һ飬дƪ֣Լʱࡣ
۾鷿˵ƣ۾ƿš
ͼҹӸ˻˲ƵģһȦһȦߴǿЩ˴Ʒң
үʱţҲ絽
֪Զǳˣſվŵء
ԽүҪ֪үģǵΪ³ѩɡ
ҪѩǾѩˡ
֪Զɽʱ۸մӾɽߵ鷿˻δ֪Զˣõ硣
ڼҲѧһ㣬д֪֡ԶƽﵹҲǸ׾ˣһۣûɵľţֱð
ֽ˺֣ѵ뿼ʱƪҲ֪Ѻ׼׼
ڼʱ֣ɵ۵ֽвˡ
Цһףͽְա
֪֡Զ˿ĭʵڲ֪ΪΡ
ҲΣһ԰÷ãǲȥߣɢɢ
֪ԶͷؽҵĻ԰лſϧ˵ḮɲףҪǴջһۡ
뵽գ뵽괺ҪȢҹǻʱڡ
ǻܿˡ
Խ룬ԽЦ
⿴һֱɵ֣֪ԶѾΪʲôĵ亩Щ̫
Ҵææϵ˼ɽϵͤͤһأͷķ͸ˣ黹ůá
̫Ÿ԰ˮδɢôô硣
᲻ǲµˣ
汻УΪ顣
ˣ԰ˡյߣƹƹˣ
Ŀֱͤϣͷ̧
ôһ˻԰ӣΪһ棬Լ˭ָ˵㣿
˶ѾĬˣ黹ľġ
ۺ֪ԶѾʯϣͣ½Ųװ÷֪ԶҲ԰ûô󣬲֪ϲϲ仨԰
ʱɽʯŮӵ
̧ͷȥȴƲӰܹۿһվŲ
֪ԶϽͷ۾Ь⣬Ψֳײ˼Ů졣
ۿֱ븧˵ֺˡֻóԵ㿴ɽˮȱ÷á
֪Զ˳ɽˮȿȥȿ÷ٿ÷֦Ӱ
£һƮƮҷҷĹ
ǿ÷žҲޣ߹ȥҲ߹ȥ
΢ͷ߹ȣ첽߹ֲҶȹļ尾֮ʱ
ˡһ졣
ܾת֪Զˮȥˡ
ڿڣ֪Զˮͷڣãһ֪Զڶˡ
캮ضˮϻűأôȥ͸ˡ
죡˰
;鼸˺֪Զˮӳ촽ˣ۾ȵ顣
һ飺ǿߣֳ⶯ȻҶ֪ˡ
ߵͨ죬£ס첽Ƶ¶ź
ŸԶҪͻȻűߵţԼүɵŲֱүү
˵԰ӳײⶬ԰ӳʲôôܵˮȥ
ǰ֪ԶĻ꺰ˡ
ηѣ紵˸硱


190 ѹ
Ȣ

Դ, ŸȣΪδ÷һۡ
ƻ»һۣҪԸ, Ǿ뵽ͤ, յȲ裬Щġ
밢, ˵Ҳ˹ءּ밢, Ҳߡ
û뵽, ۲Ÿתȥ, ֪Զ͵ˮȥˡ
ǾḮʯ, ʯ̵ÿͬʱˣôԼŵȥģ
һƬˮտ÷ʯһһ׵ĺɻ, ʱ޻Ҷ, ׻ˮС
֪ԶһŲ˱ֺɻĴ
׵౻ﵽⶼ͸ˡ̳ЬӶˮ, ˮһء
Ҳ˲ԵģϽ̧ȥ, óЩˮ
֪ԶôɽԡͰС
ˮ죬ϽүůôҪҪˮ
ү֮ͷؽҵ, Ҳͷؼҹ档
æ֮Ƴһ, ƼһŮŽµı, صģͷҲɫΣһ֪ǻТҹ
үûŵٷǰô󣬰үһʱ벻ϴˮԼ
ͷû
˴鷿ԡң۾ĳϣû²֪Զʱ߷ѵ
ˮȣȥҪӶˣŲȡ
ŵƹ磬ͼүԹˮֻԴˮϡ
ջлڷΡ
ϸ̵ͨ죬ϽЩˮȥ
Сʱ͸ˣŰ˼ܽɽһ·ķ磬˶춳ɱˡ
ǲٴˣȫˮϴϴ
۽һѸ֪Զ۵ҪЩ֪Զӣ°档
֪Զ£ͷɡ
֪ԶҲ֪Լ˳󣬿˲
ԡͰ룬ֲЩ־ֹĳһ棬ϣŹؼȥ
ԭЩḡӣˣʵɼ
ʱʰɾۣҾʵҡ
ѹ⻰̧֪ԶˣϻˮɱŻ˶ѣôأ
ûõ԰δɷûе¡
֪Զסˣ뵽ֲϽ˳µǣǣбһʱ˽š
⣬˵ͷա
֪Զ£ʳٷ˷Ըүүͽ
иһƣζֱӡ
Ƥ΢ƣûˮôҲҪȽ
Ӳӣٷ˵ˣүһ£
ֱţô¶첻ã
УӴͶ֪ˣ֪ҪôЦأڣ˵ˣܿġ
ߵҪޣͽ
²͵һɤӣԣ
ϱˮúһ롣۸ɴ˵ȥ߰԰Ǿ
ֻҡͷٷ˵ˣүһ԰ӱҲ˷磬Ǻһĺá
ԣĬĬǲ֪˶ϽĽ͵ڱߣһ洵һСںš
ǰᣬ⼸ǲҪιԻ
֪ԶĶеƣɪвĽְ룬ȢǲҲˣ
ӼүˣŤͷֿ֪ԶүҲȰա
֪Զ룬ͻȻ뵽﷽ŶȻһˣߵŮӣ˵ʦĸˡ
ʦĸԸͽǲˣ᲻һûУ
ţһ
΢죬һֻû˵أ⽪ӳɢЩȣҲ̵ġ
̲סۣºˣǴﵽȫůˡ
ӻȥţүˣӸ˲ãһˣ
Źɫ֪Զǲɵģ
˵ҡͷᣬҪɵһ˵ġ
ֻţֻ̧Ҫ뵽֪Զ̲סЦôôͷԵġ
ˮۻ԰гӡ
֪ͽŻˮ˵԰ɨ¾Ͳʲôò̫ȣ̫䡣
һҶ̫̫ϿЩһҶ͹ܵġ
Լ˵˵飬ү˵ˣҪһµǮ
̧־ҪĨᣬһµǮأⶼǰˣǮôǮ
ֿһү˵ˣˣƲˮǱͷƸɨ
ſڽ࣬䷣ǮܵȥĨңǿɱ԰ǿöࡣ紵ţͷɹţЩѩ
ûգ
ûүô˵ġ˵ߡ
˰Σһͬɨӵ㽻ˣү˹ٶˣô¶ûݷ㣬˺á
ˮ˵ǮˣһٰҲѰû뵽ֻһµǮְ
ˮʲôͣ᲻ү˳ۣ
Ҽ߹ķѽ
Ҫôүɷɷ߹Ųί
ô˵Ҳǣҧˣү˳ۣײˣҪǲ˵ѽû׼أ
֪Զѻؼң۾ǰ£ĴʰŸȥḮôŪǵˮ
ѸǸˣϻգ費˵ġ
ЦˣĴָ񡣡
辪ˣˮˣḮģ
ɲǵˮˣḮģҵ߹￴ǹӵˮġδٷˣҲ֪Ӳүӡ
ˣԼүȥԭ˼һ
һ֪ԶӾһƣˣôë꣡ôã
֪ԶӴһĪ˴Ҳ裬ҽˡ
һ²ִһ£ˣӣôͷúõӣƫҾ͵ˮˣ
ӣҪҹ̫죿
ա֪Զ룬ҹȷһ˾ŵӣôãҰˡ
һ㣬Ѻһһأվ䣿èٴѽȥҹѹѹ
ЩǸСվķӡ
ģ˷У
Ťͷߣһͣ
֪Զ͵ˮ£ɻǴˣ򷣹ӣָȥѹû֪Ҳȥ˻԰
֪ģʣĵˮˣ
죬һҲ˵滹Ҫʣס˵ˣб˽ˤȥѡ
˵ţСˣϲӣþͶ˽Щ߹
ԭ˵ҲԼϲ
һģһõġ
˵ˣȶٺĽǱϲѶȵõġ
ɺ죬Щĸ׼¶Ӽױ£ô֪
һˣ֪ĵ֪˵
Сְһֻзϣģ˵ǸС
°ա
ǡ
۾ֱźӿʲôֲ˼ſڣֱʱ㣺˵һʲô
֪еû¸ˣһָͷѽ۾ֱţûƼ죿
͵ʲôǶԽ˹صġ
Ϸ괺Ļ£Ǻ͹˺Ͱˡ
˼˺ĶһʱС
ȥա
ɿɨһۣͼаһѽ̫ûƼɫ
Ҳһѳˣѵһʦ̳ģ


191 ϲ
Ȣ

һĩ, æýŲմء
Ҫ꣬Ҫ߹Ҫ, Ҫؼʡ, æ¶ء
æЩѾͷ϶ϲ, ٷ˸սĹȨ, ͸Ƕ෢µǮ
˱, û뵽Լ˵ˣ͵, Ҫæ¹, øЩͷ
ͷǣ°ļԭŴӶµޣôҲһꡣû뵽ô, ô⡣
ӱ˼ѡ, ϰֻдʣҪؼʡףڼסһصģԳ˵ССŮ, ʱٻҲ˼
Цˣ˵׼˫ϲš
ǣ˵ճ˷Ҿ, ܲܵ۸Ǻ̶˷нʡ
̫ˣʲôˣϷҲˡ
һ䣬뵽ĸ׵꣺, ʮ, ǵûȥ
Ȼ, ʱڰôĻ¡
ȥϲ£ǲ´ģùٲáϲ£ѾͷҲҪϲ¡
ȥ£ֻվͶТ£óҲǴµģϲµʱôϡ
¶üʡһ׮һ׮
ײһ飬࣬һֻɨѴڣ
һֻܿյױϲϲʣЬӣͷ棬ȥҾߡ
˾ְɽڼңǰҲʣô²㡣
ȥԺר´齣조񡱡
æò࣬Ԥʡ׵Ķ
̾ͬҸյϱʱǿöࡣ
ڣҲû֮ܣһЦ֪ʲôЦԼڸԼ
Ҳգóļױ߰Щˡ
ׯӣʮӡ
ʱʻׯͷȫȥҲǼױеһ
үŮģϰЩŮҲĽӡ
ŮݼױõĶȥˣҪ׵ʱмҲܸ߿֡
ô²ܵ˦ƹһӾֻ֪дʫˣŮ
ǻѾԵˣۿɷؽԸʲôġ
ƸĺͶ˸̾ͷţ治֪ôʵ
ֻ˺֪ԶѹƲжټҵס
׾ӣβݻֳءٿ֪ԶĹӣ˶飬ҲûʲôȺá
еĴӣʯ׭̵УռŻУƷҲС
˼ʲô棬ͨ˲ࡣ֪ԶմҲ٣ֻƶӲŻˡ
Ĳźأʵݡ
˳⣬˻ѡЩԼ޸顣
Ƕκӣʱõģʸ㡣ʯѣͻɺ֥ġ
иģȻиġ
ֱ֣Ҫɢѽֲұױ
˴һǣŸ˵أֺ˵ˡЩͶǸϱģһ
ЩԴԴͽɽ
۶棺ôණĸ׸ģ
ͷɲ￪˿ⷿʲôʾ͸˭涼˺ü˼Ÿһůһ˫˯Ь
ĸ׸ģ¡ͷѩ˶ϻѩ̿ůů֣ˣ½˵ܰ˽Ρ
ģҪˣôû˵
٣Ȼ˵Ҫֻ
Ĵ£ܱס˵
ֻƬ̣ˣǺˡճ׵ʱϲҪɷȥٵҪϴʱֱĸ¡
룬ȥ½ң椹
ʱڶվų˵ḮˣӵſȥӭʱƼӱ۾һ䣬ƾʱģ
˾ɽãû˵һס㲻ңҲҪˣ
緹Ҫģ
Ц˵ͷԸˡ
½һԲϣҲֻлʱܳһ١
ǳˣԷͻһʮգܳӲʮ죬ܲݡ
ɫãҪ꣬ȨûеģƲ̫С
ϰһȨϣȴƫƫҪ˵½ĸϧ˵帣
۴椣ǲҪװˣ̼ȥ
˾֣²ҡ
ң
Եʵģһ˵
ɰȥˮůӣѩòã
ɰҲѧŰӦЩΣϻҵôҲϰæҵ˹٣ֺˣҸ߶߶
ҲΪôŻ˼ԭҪŵģĳ
أ˵£ҲжҪ͸
ԤıһֻһҵǺ˼ңҲʵ
Ҳ֪
Ļ᲻֪½ô죬Χһ˵Щյ˼ңҶˡ
۽Ǻ֥椡ǲҧϿڣģֻҪᣬ֪ºá
˵˹٣ܸһŵڸߵġ
Цһ˭ŮءҲԲȥ
ôˣԣʵ
һһ࣬ÿλؼңͼİ׷༸
ɩ֣Сֲϡ
ʱ治֪ʲô˼
һ
椵ôСúãģ˲Ů¡
ãҵȥˡһǵңһ檡
סãҲʮİ
ȻϣӦǵ檵ġȥߵʱ̵Ů̫̫Ҫ檡
ǣֻʧСޣߡ
ָҵһܣûø˵ȥǸ£Ѿ˲ˡ
˶ѾʮˣӶʮˣü޹ȥͱǺӴꡣôСļңҪô졣
ֻ취ŮЩļױӦµģױҲԭҪЩ
Ψһĺ¡
ĬȻʱȥױҲֻöЩǵԺùЩ
ӣԼñһԽнӣⶫ䲻ۣ˻ǵǮöˡ
˵꣬תɫڣҾͿˡ
§Ů޵һһѱ飺ǰͷˣȥˣҪˣҲ֣֪֪
˵ᣬԼ϶ӣٳּ£ŮﶼûԲ
ھǵεε檡
ꡭǣҪǲ檣ǲǻЩ
椳һ꣬Ƴ˺ü꣺˾Ͳˡû䣬ٺĵ
Ҫˣ͸ˡ˹٣޶䱾
һޣǡ˵ľʮ֪ӹΡ
Ҳ㡣ס֣Ķ֪ھǵĽþֻ㣬żҲţɢɢĺòã
á§סġ
椸мһЦ̧ͷӡ
һȻǴСһģ椵þˣܡ
椼ӵģ˸ЦҲ֪ʱٻؾױҲԤˡ
Ӱ뿪ϵʱϲüˣϲһӵǰһȫϣֻϲǮ˵椸Ԥױָмԥ
ҪǲˣױͲܸ˰գ
椿ӵɫ֪ЩʲôֺֺЦ㲻ޣҲ㣡˰գ
ϲЦտ
ٷˣůѾԤˣ߹ͤеŷǡ
Ŵ˵ֵòУ߰գǳԹȥ


192 ˡ׽
Ȣ

δ, ǰһ£椸վʣЩ鶼֪
Ҫ, ס֣治, 㲻ϲҷɴô͸㡣
ǷСɴԼ, ھ˿, ๦
椿Ͱ, ֪黨Ѫİ, Ҳûпڡ
Ҫˣ͸
Цˣģ˵꿴򰢱, ôõĶʲôң
֪Цװ˼ģøˣҪ˵һġǾֻдˡ
ޣЦ˰һڡ
Цһ, Χͤ, ߴ椣֪Զ̰ˮȥ¶ţǶһ, ŵˡ
椴Цģˮȥˣ
ɲ, ӣ񡭡ȥдʫĿʫ˿ɲд
գ, ͷסɩɩ
椸Цˣһ߾ͽɩɩ, ҿѵôЦ, ҲǹҪЦ㡣پһ˵˴˵£֪Ҫĸˡ
Ҳ֪û椰ã㻹ûţôġ
ԭ͵͵ҪҲһôǲǾͲؿ½ԥ
ôүҲû½ԥҲǼõġ
лʱȻ˵½ҹΣÿ˵ҪĨᣬɴͲ˵ˡ
˹л飬ǻһȫ˵ˣ֪ôϷߵģ
Ÿӣ˿ӣҡͷ˵顣
ǱСϱûϲţ½˾ܸϽӣ˴椣½ԥϣӣҲ
½ԥ֪ĸ˼ƫƫͲԸ
˴һ࣬СϱҲһˣͷεβûϡ
ְݷӹ½ҪӣСϱ˹Ҳٲˡ
ֱ֪͹ʲôãҹ棬һҲͲӡ
ҹרСľ֣˵׼ĸҹš
½ԥд֧⣬˵½иŮᾲԲʦ̫һĻ
ͷ¡
椿žҵͳ˽ӣߵõš
ŽãǿŴ˼ҵķʹ֧ͣӦõճ
ӣ뾲Բʦ̫½ǰ취ŮŮԲ£ҲӦġ
³ˣ÷һǮ
½ֽоԲʦ̫ţ˷𷨣ָ̾ôСϱһֱϺӣҪҪһӹ
ûУǿɾ͵ø̧ˡ
ʱ򣬴ǲڵģûʸ½һֻ½ߡ
½˻ﻰ͸Ҫ̧˼Сϱһ
Բʦ̫ף˿ڲ裬ƵҿٷǸ࣬ĪǱԵʰã
½˼ʣʲôԵʣ
ٷҲ̧ͷץס˾ݣһΪڵģһ꽫ҪˣҪǻûӣűҪɷͨˡ
Ϊ٣ԶŲҲ˹ȥôһԶû
ǲǼֲϵģǿģԲʦ̫ø̬ԲԲһüĿ˵ҲһԵЩе
Σ
УǾѹٷ˵ˡ
½һͷ½ԥߣ㣬ĥӣĥϱһ˷СϱˣͰڴͷϡ
½˱ѼＸŮдںϣþԲʦ̫㡣
Բʦ̫米˴椵װģһģˡ
½һƣȻ䣡ֱҧ񲻺ã
Բʦ̫Եúܣٷ˸񣬵Ȼѹһͷ
˼ֻҪڣٷ˾ûܻӡ
½ӶҪôƽ⣿
ǵЩѰˡ
ôѷѵҪҸʲôˣһ
һСδּңܲһãʴ˾Բʦ̫˵¶Ѱ졣
½˲ѣô½ԥȥɲͲһˣ
ǲ֪Ӵ֮ǸãҾ͸ӼèƵģϻ˿ķ񣬼Ҿơ
ǻţ벻Ͼ˴ˣôһˣܰ½ԥʹĥ
żˣҪԥߵʱŪһزţ½ҲǺƭģС
˵ϱİűص걧˭֪һһ㶯Ҳޣ½ļ
椳Űգգۣҿãֻе½˵棬ǿơ
ֻϣڻ԰ϣǲǿƵġ
Ϳ񣬽дһɩ
ЦһҲϷҹĸС檡Ͱҹź˳
椵Խ½˾ԽţǰΣ½ſڣ˵ҲТˣϽ֧չɷ
㾫ء
ԭ˵Ŀǣ̺ˣܱ㾫ġ
Ƥ½ôӦôҵ
ﻹһ㿴Ŵ˵
վס˿ڣ૳ǰӷ𡣡
ŮƵ龹˷Ц˫ֺʲѧӵǰӷ˲ڿ
ɲʱ죬˼˵Уӵסֻ¶һ˫۾
ǲЩʵ£ң˵׼ĸ׾Ҫ޼ӣʱ᲻һ
ҶʰòˣߡЦţҲ˸ӣңǰסء
һңóϵĲԻ᲻ҩʱ½˾͸ˡ
ʾԲʦ̫椷ϱˣ᲻ᰭˣ
Բʦ̫½ң½˺ʱͷۺʱȣģЦЦҪȣǷ˾£ٷֻǣɶ֮⣿
½ŷģֻҪԶЩͺãϴߴٴʰ͸Ͻߡ
Ը͸Բʦ̫ȥһˮ顣
ֱɫĺ椲òˣ̾һǻҹ̡
ִȤ˲ˣд㻹ѧʫˣǼįҹʲôʱ򣿡
ѽ椷Ż᲻ã䣬һ£飬Ҳ
Цס˰һ¡
˰Ѵ͵űߣ椾͵ա
ͣ²ӣȥߣ㵽ſڡ
˶ţҲǵ󣬻סԺˣֱţԴ޽½±㲻ţû뵽סͷ
椲֪Ḯضš£ĸ첲ѽͲԼա
椵һֲۣˣһڳݳһ˾ǡʵңЩ¡
˾ǣľĿˡ
֣£
ЦˣˣҪҵſڰϣҲϡ˱˵ḡ
ϣʲôʱߣȥɿ㣡
׼ӣҸ
˾ſڻ𣬰ʹϳʻЦҲδ
ã´椵ӿɾԸˡ
ɫĺ۸ߵǰͼǰѾͷŵơ
߼֪زڵ飬˭
ȰĵĺӣǹϺԲԣ
ǰҹ˵ģ˵СʱԵ٣ˣֵܷǹϳԡ
һ͵ԹСʱĺóԣ侫£ȴ硣
͵ԣ۲˵ˣߵδй벻СҪô͵ԡ
û͵Թʲôģ
Ǽ֮ԻʳΪҪ͵
һۣ͵ǲأֻҪסҪ˵͵ǵүүȥ״
ǻСѾûˣգ۾ʺ̣ү㲻ͬҼƽϡ
ú˵
Ȥ£ۼʱˣͰ͵
˲ȥЦЦҪҪЩľСٰǹϣ͵ʳϾ͵ǲ𡣡
ס죬벽һš


193 Ǯ
Ȣ

ҹʱ, ˳ѩ
۰뿪Ŵȣ޺һ顣
齽ǵ̿裬Сǹ, ʱʱһ, ǹô졣
մʱҲһǶǶš
μ, ۰Ӽ, Ҳ˵, ֻڶȤ֮ʱ, Żݹȥȥͬһ
ԭ۶ǾԵĵ, Ҳܳԣÿճҹﻹٳһҹġ
ǰöָЩ
۳ô, ҪȰҹԶ, ʳ˯á
Բ˯أһڳҲЩ
ЬӣŴʱʣҪҪһգٴҪôˣֻȦ, Ȼ
°ĽԽԽ, ЬԽЩɲԸ⣺ſҿɲСЬ
Ľٴû۵ĽŴ, Զء
ô˵, Ҳֻɵ, ʣǲǲҹѣóԤЩ֮ġ
Եô㣬Ҳ̲ס᳢һڣųţͳϰߡ
ÿһʱҲܳСġ
ѾãҲϣȴٳٵȲ
۴ͷڷӣʣʲô
ҵǮϻӡӿǮǿͰǮϻ棬ÿöҪ
ӹͷǮϻϻ۶档
ҧ˿ŴϻӣȡʱӣѹƱ
춯ôҲҪˣ
綼̹ˡжƱһĶġ
ЩǸʲôã
ҪױļױЩѰҲûŶ֮ģͷ浹Ƕֻ࣬ϲ
ԼжǮø塣
һһһʣôЩ
ÿ¶ʮǮÿһׯͷӵ棬ÿѷֺ
ҵģһʡ
˻üҲֻ㡣
΢㻹֪ЩǴǮµģôһ֪Ǯԣ
һׯһСׯׯޡֻһĶأһĳϢõֵģҲ
ִȥ٣ٱȾҪȥһŮŮһ±ḻ˵Ҫױ
ԲҪִоͱŷͶͷһ꣬Ķ˲Ƥ֮࣬ࡣ
غǮжǮһˡ
۸Ű֮ǰҽ»ǲ˽ˣ
ûʲôصѣһȥ˴Ǯ
ţ񡣡
ӲãǮ
ǵƱǴģҲʮһģʱҪסˣ˵ȷʵ顣
дٶʡ
ֻûʲôĿΣÿһʲôҲ٣ûǱǮ
ҲΪ˷ʡ
ȡһֻϻӣԿ״򿪣ģˣƱȥ
ִϻó˱ҳԽԽüͷô֧ȡӣõأ
оǸ񣬵ȶ͡
ǱСԼĿҲһһȶͣоǸҩĳʳ͸沽ǵ
˵ģȻǴ֧
ڹ߶ԷԲʱżҲͬ˵޶Ҫ£κùꡣ
עⰢʲôʲô˲֪δԼϴģдģǸģҪô˸ġ
ĶѰ˸ģʱģԼûù
۲ˣץ˼ӷŽϻУȡŴƱƱǲģЩӣǰȫˡ
Բ۾Ƕӣǰˣôɢ
ɣʲôҲȱѽҲûʲôҪġûѲ˵һҲа񣬶ǳǰģТ
񴩵ɫѣҲ²õġ
ȱҲҪ
ûʲôҪǮĵطҪױǮ
壬ƿ֮ģһƿµҪһ˳һ룿ô
һҲˣҳҲˡ
βŻ˰һš
ԹյӣװǮϻְ˻ȥ
ϴϴ˰ͷһۻڼװ顣
ɴ㲻ԼǺñӣ˰βеơֵƬ̣Ų
ɵ˰죬ûҲ֪ʲô
ڶϣ۵ɫÿˮүģڸٷģҴ
ʳнٷҪҪӣ
ҪܾݴҪٶЩ͡糿ôһһ϶̹
ϰ⽣Ǻģ۵ֻһСס۲ȿڣҲ˵
ۺߣʱһ仰Ҳû˵
ľүͷǹٷ˸أôһϾֽˣ
ӵѾϰˣүԼõġ
ҪȥæĻ£춼ӹ뷿˵ˣ⼸˼֪Ǹʲôģʲôó
֪ԶҪˣߵҸȥ㷿
ţÿÿйµϲͷȥ
մһ׵÷ȹһƣȤôûţ
˰һۣôû˭Ҳ˵˭
ٺЦŸı˸Ƭ̿УǱٷˣүȥ߹Ҳȥ
ǳȥˣôͻˣ
֪ʲôһɽ
Цһ·ʵ̲סˡ
ͼɽڰ˺üӣһǸɫϣһëƤӣϻмֻУиǶˣǽ
ȥڸŮױ
۳ɢ˴ʽʹˣ裬ҲѡһЩ͵ֳ񡣡
һƾ֪ǰɩɩģЦ˰һۣһģһĽָ֪Ǹġ
ҾҪɩɩһԶͷһлҪͲˡ
ĻǶԧףԵĲһͷȴһҪġ
иź֪ԶЬӣǰϳ˹ȥЬָ䣺ûЬɡ
ԹţֵѸ֪Զ˫ЬúÿЩ
ôǸҪÿЩҷ˵ĲŶѽ鲻⡣
ָŴ룬һ㴩ЬףЬ֪ԶѽĸҴϣ
ְ˵졣
ȤأΣɨһ۷ӣðûĳ尢ָͷ˹Ƥ
ЦŤͷȥˡ
ˣŵ⣬ǻ˶Ǯ
۲ȡë㿴һƾ͸ģһԡ
˵ŰѶϣ񣬱㲻ֹ
Լ򣬾򡣡
Ϻëϲ֪
ǰܼӣ


194 δ
Ȣ

, ѡ˼ȥ
Тġ
֪һһᶫˣֻ, ϱЩӳּ, ĩЩҲӦġ
û뵽ͷиģЦúϲ£, ž뵽ǸĲëʲôó, õ, Ҳ
ССѩ, һƥƥ
˿ˣһ۰ɸѡģ
, ۸ġ
ҡҡͷЦӯӯ͸ĸĸġЩǸġ
ﶼ⻨ɫʱˣ
͸ĸǿɡϿʮˡ
￴ֿˣ͸̫̫ȥ, һ굽ͷ, Ǹø͵㶫ȥ
ǰЩӶ̫̫ŴԺͻʮꡣ
վ̫ү, ûô, ƲϷˡ
˰̾˻治ܶһԭྫšĥǸѳż¡
Ҳ˼ʮ, һδ, ͷͰ˴롣
˰ƥӷŵһ, ѡЩĸĸﶼУȻԼġ
Щ˽ҪʡףЩѡϸأԭҲ
˶ʮŻʡףԵĴõģáˣ֪Ůʮӹúá
Ȱˣ䣺үТġ
ŲյһڣĶѽЩǹ۸һġɵˣһƾȥ껨ɫ
ϱԵЦɡ
ղΪ̡
ֻɣëô͸ĲˣǶʮͷͣƫͷƵģЩ
˱Цϳɳء
ϳɾͺã۹ôôϳɡĶƲϣΪ˰ҸѡЩõġ
괺죬˵Ҫ磬˲Ը⡣
ȥҶסЩӣؾҪ£ҪȥסϸһصģСط룿
׳˷Ƿһôɣűء
۸궼δȥ˹٣ǲɵģʹٷȥ̫̫Ҳð
Ҳǡ̫̫δһֱһ׮¡
Ǿͽȥһ£۸ԼֵסԺѾͷҲҷ졣
¶̺ʮļӣ˵һȫˡ
һ֪ǰ¶ĸΪ죬ǿТڰ޶ţһѾͷ뻵ء
۸һ治˵ðӣȫһ
ǰŶֵܳסŪ
ôţ氢˴ðĶǶõĶɲҶϱȥˡ
ֱЦҿûٷ˸оġ˵Ҳ̾û뵽ˣܻؼȥ
趼ڸҵɩСԤ
ǼֶӣǲҲȢˣ
ȢˣӶˣҸӶСͷؼɲܱˡ˳޵ʱ򣬴ֶӲŸ꣬Ҳ֪ǲǵ
ǸúЩҲһλҡ
껹δԺ᷿װ˻ؼȥҪĶƼʣ㵱ޣûôЩ
ЦˣǿɱҪöˣǷ˳޺Щ꣬ױӶûء
ȣֵϴŮǣԴ𣬾ܼױˡ
Цſ۰ҪСŮҲһؾܼױʱʮױļ޳ȥ
δ˵ٿ
֪Ϊʲôвþͳˣ˷ͬˡ
۲ŸճûվТТϣƽؾˮȵġ˶˯һŴϣѵʱſţ⶯ʱ
ÿ𣬾ʱ´ȥ˯ϡǴ˴һ硣
ʱֵùˣһʱȥٽȥˮӣ
˾׽˴ǿҲûȤԡ
ʱ׽һ꣬Тմ鰮
ͼǵ죬ҹҹȣǼȵģɾƿ뽫§øЩ
˿죬㲻˵ʵ̲סҪЦ
һ׮һ׮ϲ²ϣ˭˵۸ֲϣ
֪Ҫʡ׵£þöûšϻҪҪӴң
Ӷ
˺ǳ˿˵ЦԼڱҴ䣿
ʰ˵ǲǣ
ͷǵģ
ȥЦиۣʱ򣬻Щ
ӡŶż٣ȵ꣬ۻûعӼнЩ£ȥԺְ
ǾԪģİһ۱ؼҵȳԪȥԺî
һӦҴ£ԺжҪϱǰ仹ТɲУնҪȥ
ҲֻѵУô˵ôĸ׸˭ˣ
ķˣ˵ô¸ۣЩ̣СѾͷÿҪõĳԲ豭ӡ
Ҳֻ˵һ䡰ƽ
˶죬ҲϲЩѹһͷѹһͷ¡
ֻһֱûͦڱɥɥӣһӡ
˻֪ôͷˣϱزɻϥŮûС
ֻҪ뵽ٸҲӦõģ͸öˣ
ô˵۴δĸ
Ъˣְż٣Ҳ˸ĵװǹӣϡ
ɲ˵治ء˵ʲô̶ĻʱЩطһ˵ʲôġ
Ű˵ģǸģôƫƫûˣҪҪ˿
ҲżûЩʲôطӹõǰ
ЩûáԼԹϻʱȹңɲáԹĿͷαöϱٳһΡ
סˣסͼ޺ϡ
඼޺齵ķϣ˵ػؼңҲҪϧ䡣
Щֺ
ɺˣܳţֻͷĬĬ
溬˪ɫЩô㲻˵ĸҲδ˵ĸ׺Ͱ棬ί
ʵҲȫ֪飬ֻԭʱζͬ
۴չȥߣܺԵǽңŵӣͷİøɸɾ͵С
˰ȥ
֭ȫȥŵǰ硣
磿У۲ϲ֣û硣
硣ЩȫҲãóҲãĸ׻ʡҲãоЩ˶һƣ
һĸ׺Ͱӹöã
ȥգ۵оϷȥĸ˵氢ֵ¡
֣ĺ«ֳˣǸա
Ҳֻգŷˣæʲôæʲôȥ¶࣬һ죬һæأ
۾ôĸ׸˳ָڰߴתһ
Ҫеû¶ˣдд
ϸգȵʮҹ´ʱ̿㣬
֣һд
䣬й⡣
Ҳٶ
´ƽδ롣


195 ϲ
Ȣ

Ҫ¼ȶ, ӱһҼͳȥ
˫һģǸð磡ϲ£һǡ
٣鶨, ׮¶иʽĳϱϲ
, ʡ׵£ү֮, йôĿӡ
ý, ü
, ˷ȫɫϲ½̺, ǹѾӵĶϱТδ, Ҳ˿
СǣҲ𽥻¡
Ϊ۵Եʣʱʹ𣬵Ȼǳǳɫ
һ֦÷С, ֣֪ϲɫ, ƽҲͰˣӿɲٴôء
ĹҳɫͷãһȰ鳣°ɫɫһ, ϻġ
Ҳ̳¡
ҵӲ, ôء
ͷӦǡ
ֿ򰢱ǰίһ󡣡
ҪŹ۸յְҲһɣͷ˫۾, һ˿и
ˮ, , ³˶ʲôίġ
˿Ц軥ɫ
ǰױʱҲӶϱ¶˰ǧʣԧ첢
ϲͰ죬ȫˣðһµġ붼氢ίͷִôðϡ
ԭϲϲһˣóµģҲˡɴȫǻ£ٵ㣬ԵĶٰϡ
¶Űİ죬ϵ˫ϲ쾵֣ϵİúĺҲȫ졣
´һ¶ϲӯӯԳȲǣʰˣٰ쵽·ȥ
Ѿͷǣ˭Ҳٷǰ¶һְ䣡Ҫǽǰ֪ˣҷǡ
ССѩڿֱЦ־С·ǲҲǮ
СѩȤǺǣϲ¶ˣٷϲǣ
ϲҲֻ죬ŹءӡܺҲڷһµģ¶ȫ
һ֣춼죡һ֣Ҳ𴫵ͷȥϹҲסĵģ֡
ͬ轻ɫССѩҲЦ
һ飺ôˣôЦ
㻶ϲȻЦˡ˵óĺ⣬ѹǮ
ôɣֲСˣҶ˷ء
Ҹģšʣ۸û⣿
󷿶Щǣ꣬ôĶԶӣСıʫ
ֱüͷСһһѹǮôǳ⣿
ܶûϣȫ˺ɢȥʶĽӡ
Ǽ۽̵ģŶվã۰Ͱ壬岻ͷȫá
С·Ҫǣţ˵ÿĿİͰأ˵乧ϲͰˣôҪԡ
ǰϿۣģҸǺ
Сӿۣҡͷ֪˵㣬һЦ˺
л壬л
ǰһѱסȣ
ڻУŲߣĶҪ
˼ˣԳϻҲǼŰͲ֣ǹˣһҲ˶ء
ҿԵʣ˵׼ȿ
ǿɺõúܣͷ
ҪǶӣȻ۸ãѧûһ˼ŮǾ͵񰢱
ʱҪиѩƵС߾ͺˡ
ðˣԽԽļӣÿﶼʳ裺˵ôôô£
˵˵죬һ۾͵
һûվԪֻơ
ԪڣͱĴ椣գۼ㵽³
ּ⻹мˣûУ
ͰУӶŰҿʱѾͷǽûĶȫˡ
ʱùŹ֣ôеѾͷӣϲġһĩҪޣҲûˣһﵱȻҪˡ
ҲЦ˵Ҫףøһ෢һµǮգ
÷Ĵϲ£ȻҪ
Ĵ¿ûˣӷ޵ǸСУ޵ǸСó
ĸСӣ޵ĺֻ࣬˵СӣĻ֪ʲô
΢죺ѹ׵ǸСӡֱȻһ¡
ŶǸСӣͷ׷ʲôѽѹ׵Ʊ
ʣ֪
ʲô֪Ӹ˵꣬һ죬ĪʲôգŮӼǰܿǸ
ߺŤͷ氢ȥҺӡ
˳Ҷ͸ƵģѺһţȥˡ
ꡱһЦҲܿˣȡǱ飬úţ鷿ȥ
⼸Ѿٳţĳ趨ʡѾȥˣϣڼӲ࣬øĸ׶뼸ذ
Լ֪ûĸô׽Ȳ׽ݼױ붼ġ
ôӭ
һǿʢʱˮɻСӼ
ʣҪ
ǣ㻨ơһˮˣ⼸䶼ǿʢʱ˽ҪˣɴյеЩͣڲϡ
棬һҪ¡
һ֪Ҫ˵ʲôѾͷ
ϣ´ʣȡǱĲӣҲԤˣҲԤ˸ҵġ
ˣٿ˵վȥ֧ݱ£ǹЪЪǼȥ
Ӷ𣬾ҽŵӣų˰ѣð͸죬ʮֺɫ
ⶫôʵһʱûװʲôֻͷǱӡ
ѵǼױǸ綼ô
һһƿ廨¶ᣬͷҲûС
鷭һҳָһҪγѪôֶϽðһУصʵʵ
ٶһۣ˶Ҫˡ
ͷո飬Ųɽãͼһµͷٷ˿ɻˡ
ʲô£
£Цˣٷ˻ѣ
ѣſ޺ϰһ¡
ȷʵǳˣҲûзſ˴Դȡ
ԸģرǶ԰ᣬɱ֪ТԻ磬һ̰໬˳һȾҪġ
Ų˵мѾԹͷ֪ҲԸˣóȸ࣬⽣
һĸͷ⽡
ȺȰټͣòУϵ⽣ͺ룡
ǲǰϯѽʣһǽ»ġ֬ѣ˵̫֬ᡣ
͵Ǵ챦źÿ
Ż˼õ֯Ƶıһ·Ѿ΢΢ˡ
ٷȥ˾֪ˣߴټѾͷЬӣĵϲɫ
ֲǳϲƣôôϲѽ
ݶͷ⽫ү͸ĺ챦ʯʯóϡ
ҪױֻùŹ֣ڼֲţʲô֬üë
ױ£ͷ춼ˣӵϺŰ߰ա
ߵ鿣źƣźϲ֡
ѰͷһƣżѾͷְ˽ŰŹϡ
ǸϲһģһͷͼߣѾĺơ
ǡ
΢΢ЦĸԤģǵϲûһ£ⰲˡ
֪ˣ֪ӻüأǰϵϲ÷Ҿױʻġ
˿һˣһΪҪء


196 
Ȣ

绻һ, ϲе˰á
ۿĺҹ涼ϵƣˮǵ㡣Ӱ, ȳ컹ĽЩ
˭֪ͷһ仰, ˵
ɫ΢ͣź׳, ٲҹ봵ˡ⻰һ, Ҫ˵Ļȫˡ
Ĵƹ, ʱϲһ, ûнﻨȴҲһԺ
ġ
أҾͲģۿƽǰ, ֣ȥг裬ϲ÷һġ
֪ĵͼ⻭ֻϲȵһֻһֻ, һЩֻ, ڸСֻë
Ū۾ôģôתĶ۾ڿң
ǫԼûֻǴӵܣ黭Ҫͨѡ
ֻϲȵ, ʱ뵽۾, ȥװѡĸ׿˶Ƴ棺ֻԲģ۾ģŻ񰢱
ǣס֣ȥ
ױ̨ϰúϾ, ǰһɫ, һᡣ
˳۵Ŀ, ֿᣬεĿ⣬µͷʲôͷ
飿һһ٣˵֪ǣ۵Ŀ΢Ҫ̾Ϣӡ
ٽᡣû̾յøЩָĻڵϼ봦ϸϸĦ
ᣬֱҪЦҧס
֪ǵڶ Ķ
ЦҲһһǣסȵǰ̤ϡ
йҵҲֺϵ㡣غϵĲǵ㣬˲Ÿտʱż
Źģҹо͹
ʱɵۣ㲻̴ֻôôŨô
ֻЦ֪ˡ
ûȵڶ찢֪ŨΪڸסζ
ʱżⷢա
˳һ꣬˵Ƿޣֻͬҹ֪ദѣʵΪܵӻ㡣
ƽ̣˵ЩҲûʲôһɱѳֲסԻ˹ء
԰ٶ̬ҲδʱһгŮӵġ
ɳã
ḧޱ߷˿ɢµ鷢ȥ
һ˫۾ֱſˣŵ㣬Ӷ쵽нֳȴ֡
Ҫ֣˵һۣʮҲѰס
βĸУѾһƣ۵һֻݵߡ
ʧ̬ǾƵģ˳ɻգûȹƣ͵ڱߣ촽΢š
˳źȥ˰뱭۽°뱭һ
ȵüˣմһҺʱޡ
ȥű
һǱ۰§뱧ȥ
ǱӸǰԼַҳû֣һҳдš뷿ʱͼ
˼ҵŮѹõģͺö࣬λʦڵһҳϣ˶ԽԧںҶ¡
ǰҳĽǹ뷿֣֮Ǵҹ꣬ө飬ǶԾ£ѩ
϶Ƕǰǵϡ߰ҳǼҳֻһ顣
⻭ʵЩϸ΢֮δ棬ѾϡͿ벻
عʱѾϡ
Ҳ֪ô֣Ƚµ´ǱСϵһѶδȥȴûڵǰ͸ŷ硣
۾ټôӵӣڶǲǲǵˣ
ŻʲôҴ˵ʱƱ˽˳۵ĻͷһҲ˵
Ȼǰ죬ֻٴ
һָˣȥ껹ûȫʱ֣ˡ
ҧŴƶ䡣̲סۣͼ۱ͦǣһӰУƽʱȫͬ
ٱ۾ģôס
Ƭ̣ȥָιϵĺ顣
ͣס˲ſƣסĴ
ڶհ˯ˣˣ밲ûȥɡ
ϷЩ࣬˼˾ʣôҹû˯ãЩҽŸǿͬһӡ
ĸ˵Ϊʲôû˯ãҹ͵͵밲ʱúܣ½ĸ׿ķ۶ƽҪЩ
Щû˯㣬ҹˡ
͸̴ɴ
˱СѾͷճճӣ㡣
Ҳûôûɩɩأһ
Ҫģÿղ׺˹ϴϷ밲춼Ҫ硣
ºȹ࣬ôû
ȥЦ⣬յ˿ڲ裺̰˯Ҳеġ
鲻ԣ˭̰˯Ҳ̰˯ѵǲˣ
ĪɩɩϲˬȻȥ
˰ס֣㲻ȥѾóȥʹˣ˯ˣú˯
Ź֣гȥʣ
Ѿˣƽֻĸڷ˵ӵģôҲССѩȥŶԡ
ɻ󣬿˲˵
£ЩҲˡ
ɤӵЩӣҪˣ¶˳޵ҲкЩ»ûѧ
Ҫ굽ˣ˻
ʱӣĸ׽̵
ЩҲٰϯЩҪٳܴĶûСү𣬼㲻ˡ
һʮ֮󣬾ûаʢ
׳ϲô࣬ð쳡ϯһѡҪ룬˳۵ģ˳ģ͸Ҫˣ
һ࣬͵ӳƣϱίʵõó֡
ͷ̣ܽĸ׽̵ұѧ
ףӰЩҲѧҲòϣû᣺ںʹҲˣǼܼܵüá
꣬أĽһ١
ôӿģô鵽ȥ
ͷǼҵĹһ̾ͻᣬвŸɵġ
ϯֲͬǴֺ͡ȿڲ裬ô˵Ҳףžˡ
˵͸ð緹ˣˡ
黹ڣ΢졣
˯ˣ밲
ȻʣδſڣͼһɫҧģгĶӣ
Ҫڣ뵽ǻ軭ģٿ˫κ졣
۾ɨ̧ͷɴŹǣԸ緹գҵЪһЪ
һ⣬ϲͿˣ
һȥԺ£ҹδ˯ɾ񼫼ѣͬ£ٴɷ
ںԺеȫȻͬ
Ժ˶֪λʮ͸̽̽ɣҲ˶֪ʦ˾Ԫۣ뺲Ժ
δʱΪӱҪſЩٵ־ЩҲӦ
ҶˣҪԶһЩһԼʦţȷʵҲʲô׽˼
Ϊºͣǫѷʱϵ۽˶Ŀһ£졣
һλ̶ͬտʲôϲˣ
ˣᣬϳɣϲŭɫôַĴϲƵġ
ҹͽʱλ̽Ѿô
ҡҡͷûʲôϲ¡
ô洺磿ü۽Ƕ͸ϲ
ֻϾã°գЩ顣


197 һ׽
Ȣ

Ḯǰŵƽ, һ֪ģǲ֪, ǰ, ҽ˺ˡ
˽տ磬½½ͣǰ
ô, е, һѾͷӲʹ, Ӵ󷿳Щ, ǰԤӭ͡
磬һǰ, һġ
ʹ²á
ÿλķˣսʱѾ·ȽԺľ, ľ඼ַ۰׶ɫ
ʱǻ, Щͻ
ľٽл֦͸ǡЩֻ֣øߣ֦仨յ, ЩѾͷǺʱȥժ»
һϸ, ֪Ǿɴ
⵹˼ô⻨ϻ
ζϣζȾɴϡ
Ҳ棺ΪЩ
ĸѵð, ȻҪʮȫʮ氢ʹ, Ҫ, Щ£˱㲻Ų֪
ɩɩģͷҲͷȥңҲһ
Ӧǣ˹򣬱ҪƯƯģЩ˾㱳ҲΪͷᡣ
㣬㣬ⶨɫ˵˵ҪӦ֡
ȰЩ㻹ЪЪ˼ôҲڼڣͷô˵ô˵ȥֲ⡣
ˣ̧üһۣⶼһˣڣ
⻰˵ǻδܼ£¶֣òڡ
ǵȻͬŲ˵ԣҲȷʵУڼ˵һġг˵ĻҲ㡣
Ҳ˵ţѵ᲻ģ
һָͷƩúͰǰͷù˼׵¶͸⣡Σ
˵ٴΣǾôҪӣԿĻúͰá
ٱ硭˵ţɫ΢գٱ鿵¡
۾ʹֶΣ۵öʱԺסϲҪһ£ǾͶȱŲ˺òã
ǻͷԵģ۵δɢͷúܣֻʵûͬ˰ˡ
ӵˣԼŲȥ
ϲһƬ⡣
еӵһ٣űЦˣ㵱ƼӶ뵱ءԳɽУֹ
˵ѵԣ
֪ԣ
ǻؼ֪Զ⼸¶δټͶֻʾԴš
ƫƫ֪ԶΪ̽ŵ֤һģ
˵
˵˵˾ôеģ˵֪Զ䷢ģۣʲôԡ
죺ſʥ˷ģһ˿˼ͽϽʿ
˱ЦԴ˾û֪Զ
ԭ㲻ͬڼҲһġЩ棬Ҫѡ᲻ڼأ
ȿ԰⼸·ֶҪ˵԰бѩڣʹʱڣһ·ŵƣҹЯֻȥ
룬֪Զӣǲġ
˹Ḯش磬һ¡
ǰھоʢʵ԰лһľֲڴ󣬰ΣѩΧ
Щ˹һľͷ
˽ʱ괺춼ͻģʱ潾ߵĳ̷˵ĻõȥЩ
̷˵ɷǾ٣ھ˵ʮ֪꣬ѾкЩûҵʹˡ
Ǿôƴĵطľôˣĸ֪ĸ
ͷܣط¶˼ĸ֪
⻹˵ģԼ˵ġ
ͬ磬һͬޣôܲ
Դ˵Ľ͸ģȵ˶Ӻ͸ˣֱ˵Ķӿš
ְͰҵʱ˭֪ʲô⣿
ͷŮۡ
Щ̷ƽҲһɨӣɽղԸ⿴ڼӣôȥҲͻˣ
ȥʱڣТء
Ī˵ͻſڵĵҪֽ˵Ķ͵Ļ
ɫѿһ̷ˣǵģһϲϲƵģˣ
ûգ̫ү̾͡һ
̷˸Цˣ³ʱǻ
˳ף̷˿ɲԣܸͣͳһ飬ýΪҲǶ͡
Ͻ˸ͷҵҲڣȥͬкһ
ҲдţҪʡףҪʲôȥڴ
ôɥǵϱҫˡ
Ͱˮߣ˸յˮǰͼȺм䣬ǶϱұŮϲӯӯ
ԶԶס
˶ЦߵǰԾʱƺޥһ·߽ˡ
ÿÿޥ첻ʶķˣͶ֪˹оѡ˲վĶһܼȥ
ͿϷǶҲҪһ䣺ʲôˣҶϱˣŮҪˣôҡ
˽˶꣬˴û˷ӣϹҲסֻЦһЦˣǹ÷ɿ졣
̷ԶԶ˱Цͷ˵˭֪أ
Ҳǰϲϲ˺Ժôһź£⾩ϲȵǲǶɵ˴ǰ֦ͷˡ
Ƽλһģڰϱֿˣ˾֪ﲻͶԳ̷˱ƣԶͿ
еķǻ໻ɫͷ˵ЩǴ˶Уŵ
ϹҲסϱһֱӣĸףˮ߻úãȥǱưգ
Цˣ̰棬Ҫˣôġ
һ仰ϱˣ˵տˡ
֪Ϸػؾ£ûĶ
˱δԻգǿɲȥˮߣҲվˣϽѾͷ
˰ֻ䣬ֻֻţʵȤ
ԸһӦǡ
ֳ˵ĶϱӸգóһݳʳ㣬ƾͻɹ¶
ܳٷ˾֪ϡ
һ·ѾŬưƵĸ󣬷ΪĸΧ˶š
Χ
ǵϣ֪֣
ֵܶ࣬꣬㻳ֻ̥̥Ϳ֬Ĩɫ
ˮƫƫһ齣죬⼸֦Ứ۷۰װſϲ
û뵽Ͼ׵имлˡ
ʲô˾ǿͣЪЪҲò㡣
ã˲ÿÿǰ࣬䲻ҷҲӲ
Ϊ¶ͬɫ
ԭ֣ûܵѣȴ߶߶
ɿڼе壬ٷͽա
֣аǶŮ˾֪
Ц¶һ˿Ц⣺ͷ˶࣬عңٷæȥա
ߴ׵СѾͷ࿴Щųȥ
ߵˮƽ̨ǰ˿˺øϱŶãŮˡ
ɫģǾǻǼ죬ϲȵȫ۵иͣǻһ֣Žűʲôϲѽڶ¾ˡ
˵ţµȻϲԽԽǻл
ػسã˭Ա˳ŵȥ˵ùͷЦһЦɢˡ
̷߽˵¶ңҸȥеľ˰գ֮ϡ
ᣬףȻӢҲһߡ
˵ĶӣѾǲνˡνĸף˭֪ٱĹͷʢմףȻҪǰ档
ҲǣôˮŮص˵ˡ
һֱţ磬Ҫġ
λ˵꣬Ųյȵͷ󿪿ڣǣҶһƬϡ
òڽʳϼˣǸһơˡ
νһƣһ仰㣡㲻۶аپ仹ǧ䣬ȫ֮أ
˽ԾƬ̣תŤͷຮ
˶շ˴裬һڡ


198 
Ȣ

з, ׼˰ŮңǿŮأֽһͷŹȥ˼ҡ
Ͼ˶֪ǸӣŮô, Ҳù
ȷʵСʲ, ֪ԶҲȷʵˣһŮ, ҵɷ, Ѿòˡ
Ҷյҵϲϲ, ʱĶ, ĸĵģҲ̫ࡣ
˻Ϊ׼, ¶ˣϸҪÿ˵Щ̧ߵĻǾġ
׶˵, ֪
Ƿ׷׵أвŮò, 졭˵ûͷĻ£˵֮˻˵
ǣ֮ϡ
, գգۡ
װԲ, ò豭סЦ
Ҿδ磬ذ֮Ҫ뾩ʡ, 㽫н˼Ҷ
ʮŮǼһ, д, ҲЩе㽻飬ˣЩ
¸һ飬ǸյϱûġѾ£ϲţ˴֮䵹ϱҪ˵
ЩɰӴչܡ
ϵķǣͻʶŮҲһ߿ӣһ̸졣
СǴһ֣ժʱʱкͯЦ˳ˮ洫ˮȥ
˼˵ýף˿ýţǿЩᡣ
һﶼ˰еʱ˻ᱭˣҪˣҲû֣ףһ˳
Ҳûˡ
ϯȿӣſŮ£ϱܸɣһϯ
ģ̬аŤȫȻСҳ
˴ķͤУɼͷĴ棬ģŸɣóȥҲһˡ
Ҫ˵òȷʵǹɫ㣬վߣûѹȥ
˭ˣҪ˵һ䴺ʤ
Ҫ˵һλиءһλˣĿָָվˮƽ̨ϵİ
ͷŮ޸ŽվͿ̫үһТ
̫үҪǻţ̽ɲڹӼϼꣿͽԺ
⻰˵Ĵڵ٩ԪСǴҶĬϵ¡
ƣˣǸҲˣɷ٣һһøߡλ˫ḧи֮Ůʲô
ͣԽԽǡ
ҲǳܲԶòãֻء
ɲǣǸϱĻؼӲͦţԽԽƣԼܹ߹ţǺģҲô
ϵӣ֪Ѫ顣ӵĿգǵþܲô
߶ңܸŮһףѵá
˴һ𣬺Ųŵģ˵Щл
˵ÿƽ̨ǰһλͷͼˮƽ̨ǰΧˡ
˵ȥˣ
˭ȥˣ
˼ˣ˭ȥȥ˶Ʋ
ˮ̨ߣ춯ǰ˰ƽ̨Χˮйͨüͷһ壬ɢ
Ѿͷ׷ǰ֡
ӽڰֲȺͼˮǸ˫ѾٵСŲ߰͡
Ļվ˱ߣСѾ
һԵϺż˳񣬳ϹɨԺӵ̳Ҷġ
ʯϣѳˮУץס˶
ֻҶ̫СŮ̫ײסˣץ˶ˣýˮ̳
ܾǾŮˮУ֫ڸס尶˵Щʲô

һ･
ʵˮ˲ֻ࣬ǻֺ̿һ˴һˣʲô¡ʱ½ԾסϢֻˮ
ߣʣôˣûУ
ҡͷûУѾȥˡ
˻ûһˡˮô˵ȥˣ
Ҳ֪ƬСٷȥѾˡ
䣬˵
ԭǰųŮҲȷʵץסˡ
ɰŮȴˮֻʪأֶѿ
óһˮ˸ߣŮŲŵأȴǿԡȻˮ˵Сȣ֪ҪǺȥˮ
ɴȥȻŵĵطˮֻؿڡ
ˮץʲôҪϣһ첲С̧һϣû£
СŮͣ£첲Ѿ˺ü¡
ˮֻǰɫӰסζŰһ£֪Ѿ˽
ˮûǺȥ٣Թһޣ
ߵѾͷȽŮȥٽȥ
Ѿͷ̺̺Ůڰϡ
϶һˮĨ˰ϵˮ͸ʪָ˰سɾ˰ѺǶȥ棬ٿˮߡ
ΪϯѴ˵ģ̺ģλģֳ˼ұ飬æоͲˡ
һʱҲҲСŮ˭ҵģɴһȥ鿡
ǧҶѾԤͰˮһ飬Уˮԡ
ǰ滹磬øϽʰ˲ųɡ
ӸŮͷôˮȥˣļҵĹ
СȻ˵β˵Ҳ֪ǽŻˣǱײȥġСûأ֮䣬ͷײȥˡ
ѶʪˣȫҪµġ
ƫƫûСʱ·ݱǹģǹԭģӦ
ǺʮŮСʱľѣȫǷ䵽ˮڵģ˹İ׾Ҷüʮ
ˮ˺˺ǽ
ѣͷ㼸ˣͷúһȰˡ
ҾˡԺССڴţȾˡ
ôûѾͷţˣûˡ
Ůͷԣӻ˵ʲôʹɫ
л˾ңһºҵûȥˡ
ʱͷֻһ£Ů֣߰գǣȥأˮУҰ͵ߡ
֣ߵһԣյߣ÷Ů
ǵŮǣԪŮ
ǰͷλȥˣ÷ȻҪһе÷˾ĸ
ֲɿ趼ûУ϶˵ӿС
ӰŮ¸߰
ٿŮʱĶϧߣȥ
СŮҲ֪ⳡôҲӲģԹǣס֣ʣˣܲʹȥҸһ
áӦˣߵʯűߣ֪ΪΣͻȻʣ÷㸸ʲôٽף
С
Ǳ㲻ǣ۵÷ɵŮ
ٿؽһʱ߰꣬÷ɿɲûô
ͷŮŮС߬סˣҡҺ¡


199 һĿ
Ȣ

ȫû뵽, ټ÷ϻ㳡
÷ϡһ÷ﶼʣ̫Сˡ
, ʲô֣
Ůͷ, ҽݸ
֪ˣݸ, ССͱ˫ü, , Сݸģ
ֻڲϼһ, ǻʮ꣬ഺ, ֻһ۱֪ȢԼλ÷ˡ
ʱ÷ﲻǸСŮǸ߬, һµСŮ
˽, ݸʵýݸлȻǰڰ, ܲҼȥ
ȥĸ, ˮôˣ䲻ˣɾסڲ
˽㣿ƺҪЦ, Ϊʲôҷ˽㣿
ݸ΢, ýз˾ͰѰ, ģɸ㣬Ƿˣķˣ밢ȫһ
Ƿˣ㡣
žϰָ֮ȫС
ֻ˽ֻڰߣֽץסĸױҪҵģȥ
ͣᱻײˮȥĳ󣬻֪ȥҪη
˿ͷ㲻˵иֳôôʹ˸ֳ
׸ڣôɵõĸĥ
Ҳǲûġ
ûܹίԴ飬СʱЩ߻ˡ
ﲡʣԵ˶͸ˡ
û׸磬бڣֻʹӣӣϵĺҲ۸
ֱ˾ǣ֪ԭЩ˼ǲŮƵġ
ˣҲƣܸŮЩ£ȴƫƫһһҪ檡
ѵŮĸҲ
ֳ
ǣҰ֡ˡŮͷȥǱˣú
һֳˣ²⣬粡ʡĸֳڣɵúĸ޸ң
λӣĶѡ÷ϣԼҲΪЩŮ÷ϸ׵Ĺλߡ
ĸ׻ڣļòŮ
뵽ǰػصķ˹ǣҲмУǲסˡܼǵ÷ϣΪյǰ
İգͬĸ˵Ҫ㡣
ŮţǴӦúãȥҲúݷԵģͷߡ
СͷѣѣҪ˵ź
ĸʹˣ򷢻ؼңһء
ĸ£޵޺޵ҽ̹Щ檲Ÿɵ£
ĸҲûߵѾͷҲȫˡ
µģĸ˵͵ˣܳǼˡ
뵽Ůɫ΢ʵǰ궼ãĸ˳ۣҲʮ
ɰַ¶뷽跨԰ִǰ
ֺ׻˼ңﰤûܼʱҽΣЩڴ
ԭȶõˡ
ֳʱסûɩɩɩɩֻҲǿĸ
̧ͷ򰢱в룬ҪɩɩҲҷ˽ǸöãǾҲû˸۸ˡ
˻δ߳鿣ӭͼۼ
δߵǰ۵ȴô£ôˮȥˣ˵꣬˲ŵǰ
Ͼһ㱡סĸ첲ȫһ飺ûУ
֪ԶˮʱȲҲţЩЦ
֪԰еĳӣˮҲߣǳֻһ߶࣬ˮƽ̨ǰһƬǳأһ˸ߡ
԰а磬Ҳɽ͡
ˮһڿˣСŸϵ԰Ѿͷһ˵ٷ£ٷѾϴȥˡ
ԶҲʰôˮģת鿸ϡ
վǰ
ͷãôһ·Сܣ󱳶͸ԭǲǵżʱų
䵽ˮȥ̰ˣۼü
û뵽ۣ֪Ҫôڣ;Լȹ΢Ů㵽ȥˡ
˳ŰĿ¿ȥŮǣŰȹǡ
Ůʵ̫Сˣѹû뵽ӣֻһ۱ʣ˭һҵĺӣ
סҪ˵˭ۻʲôɫ
ֻȹһ²ŮԸ֪˭ҵģʵҲû㵱˵
Щ˵һҪȥ
ۿȷɲôȥ㡣
ǣСǰ棬ԴһǺ棬鿣ٴ-͵ˮƽ̨
߹-ʱСŮŲ͵۴
Ҳ½Ų
չ⴩֦ڰϣԭֻ֪ӰܳɻԭյҲܻӰһͶƿȹ½ǡ
а飬СŮ񣬲̧ͷʰЩʲô
ͣ½Ų
΢΢ЦҪŮʱ򣬰ҲŮ԰ɢͻ
ֻðʵ֪÷ŮǾɽᱻĲǰ
ôҲ²ţǣ÷Ů֣Щͯ
ݸ˽㣬ûã
˽ˣûأã˽಻ƣܸܲɩɩ
⣬ҡҡͷҵֻһŮ
ͼݸεȥССͣ̾˿
̲סԴžȻɷҵԴ
żһͼ۸󣬻Ц⡣
֪ʲôЦ㲻һ
ݺݵһۣЦʲôЦ
۱һۣЩĪѵϻ˵Աǰݸ߲ȵͣ¾ͳһص̫°òܼνľǰĸס
˭ڴʱɨأ
͵·ͷٹžˮƽ̨ˣפ㡣
ˮǰų£˶ٵƽ̨ˣѸлøСǡʹӰС齽ΣЩǱڸǰɹ̫Բ㡣
˶̸۸ղٷ˵ľٶ
ƼûУôôֵĸӣһ־;ˣ
Ƿλˣڸߴ÷
һȹڣʯϣʯôխվס˲ΣΣﻹų񵽳ˡ
һƻڻ뷽ŵĳ˵ʲô˵βŵǡǵ󣬾ôȥˣ
ʵ÷ݸˮȥˣ̶Ƭ̼䣬ֻĶǣԵʱ
˲ۣҲ˵ǴίʵЩׯء
λٷˣǡ
һʱ벻ʲôĴʶ
ǲСڣͨλ˵꣬ʣ¶ͷ
ֶ꣬תͷǹ˭ҵģң
֪˭ҵģǹˣҲûңǲѾʹ֪ˣ
ǸСҪǸʮģѵСȥȣҪǱˣô˵壿
⻰˵ģҪǸкӣٷ˲ɣ
˵ţͼӻԶԶ£վ˲
źЩ˶ˣ̽ɼʲôƵģûܵǰӲڣŤͷˡ
ֻһɫӰӡ
СޣҲˡ˵ġ
˿ɲм˼ĸӶϱģ
ʱסᣬܵٴѻɲǣҪôýȢء
أ
ʽأ˽ʵģء
ŲյԵͷֲŮг⡣
ӢҲй⣬Ͳύʣλ˵ӳǲνҪǣνû¡
㶼ңҪǺνܰȻǶá
Ӣļ̣ʲôʵʲô
λķˣˣ֪Ǹʡ¶ġǹĸҵҲЩŮ޽ţԿĥ㡣
˵ţ½˷׷̧ͷ
ͼ̽һ£Զ͸Ƶġ
÷ݸǣסˮȥ̧ͷ˶ͷһǵĿⶼԽǣ
ҲŤͷһۣɿһƳջ̽ʲôÿֻܶס˽㣬Ұòã


200 Ŀ
Ȣ

÷ݸȻŰ, ֱʱǼĸѾͷҲû
ĸȺн, Ѿͷ֪ܵĶˣȥˡ
Ըȥ, Ǽ÷ϴɾˡԤҪ÷, һʱɢˡ
ϴ˺ƽ, ֻҪԷ֮ǰ, ǼĸҲͲ֪ˮˡ
ҲѹѾϴ, ٷ˷ġ£ϽĨƽ˲ź, ӳأѾͷǰ軨ˮʯȻƲˮĺۼ
÷ݸһֱţֻСƵڰߡ
ʵûס, ˫Ѿ٣, ѸˣӴȥĸ֪ġ
÷ݸͷ, ץ˰ǹ԰ա
, ֽӹССڳ
ϵķǼˣʣһҵѾͷˮôͶٷȥȡ
Цˣ԰СѾͷ
⻰һ÷ݸֵļŮ˿, Ҷ֪˻, ž°ء
ٷ˵СѾͷˮ, ÷ݸڡ
šʮŮѾ֪ˣõˮ˵ȥ÷ݸΣҲм֪һ£һ¡
˲š
ЩǱļҵĹֻСѾͷôƤͶȥȡ
ЦˣСѾͷ˾ԸȥЪˣ÷ҵĹվˮϣˮһ˾š
Ϊλ£÷ݸ뵽ˡ
÷ݸ޲ýͷڰϣֱĸҼݸһŮȷʵּͷҿ
вɣѵݸˮ
ͷҺģż䣬ûС
§ס÷ݸļ磬÷΢ЦҵĲǣѾСѾͷˣǧǶԲס
÷֣ٷ˵Ĵݸ̰ʣˮ̫űˡ˵ſ˼Ůһۡ
һЦ÷ݸ羪֮񣬱÷ĿһɨӾһ¡
ϵֻ΢΢СﱻסپðȣŲˡ
ϲ¶ȴֱü
ף÷ݸļΪʲô˵ҡ
÷۾һƣøżŮѾͷһٷߵѾ÷ݸ˲ݵġ
棬ԼŮָɵѾͷҲ֪ǵ˼Ůֵȴ÷ݸﲻ̵ˡ
һ䣬÷ݸˡ
ĵ΢̾˸ıô˵棬ˮһ£ʵڲٶЩʲô
г˵Ůȶ飬ȵٸˮϷ
Ů˵黹ûʲôٳҲûʲôû뵽ҾϷӳûᣡ
ϵЦûϹֻҡͷĶ֪Сŵģжϱˣĵ¶ȻǶϱ졣
飬ˮ߼ƼˮŶŮϷ䶯
Ϸ̨񣬵Ϸһһ˿ȫɢˡ
²ûԸ￴Ϸأĵط䵩ˣǹ
Եķǿţ£ֻ۾Żǹת
ۼ䵩ǹ߰˸أ㰴಻סԭڽֿڿϷһá
÷ݸ֣ͷô
СŮҡҡͷ°³˽϶ɫ¡
ϷȻǰģʱֻ·ǲϲֻһۡ
ȵϷ̨ϻϷĿ⻷ܣﻹ÷ݸ¡
ǵ׿ˣ÷ݸҪ˭Լ
ʮֿҪҪ԰˱ң
÷ݸﲻҵͷɴԸȥҪҳԡ
˱ʮַѹ򣬻ʱԹȼĸţⶫҪҸҪˡ
÷ݸԵʮϧ԰ᣬϷɢˣҪˡ
˽㣬»ذ磬ĸôֵ꣬ͷ׮£ᣬĸҲˡ
ҪȥʡףôʣǵͷֻҪ磬Ҿ㡣
÷ݸֱʱϲ¶һ˿Цݣ롰ݸ֣ҲԶ
ϯɢȥѾ۵۾˺üر̡
ӣǲʱ֧Ųסˡ
˺ͺ̣û뵽˾Ƣһǿڳ׾һһƣ˶黰Ҳʣɴత
̻˵ˣһȥ𡣡
˶ɢˣŵƸڰߣһ·һ·꣬÷ҹ񣬸ӵͷСèƵġ
Сû˵˺к÷˿ӣҪƵġ˼ҵŮˣûﾹӡ
ѾͷҲºþãѾͷŲ֪ˣ
ҿ÷ϹҲסǸѾͷҪߡǵѾͷ˳Ź˼Ůһۡ
ױǰϴͷ߶߶
˼ȥǷԸӣһԻƥȥ˵Ǹݸѹѹġ
Ӧһѡʲôģ
ӾЩҲ̫صġ̫صĽҲաȥȫˡ
ã¥ЩǸˣɫᣬɣʺϸСﴩľС
ɽĿ˸ߣݾԸһǸСŮĶ²ǸˮСġ
ǸǸСģ˭ҵĺӣ
̧ͷӾпۣĿ
ĪЩܵöˡ仹ǸˬƢżҲ¶СŮ̬
ʱ黢СèƢҲһ˼
ۣƻȴ黢
ɲ⣺ô
²˭ҵģҪЦѾ˵ݸˣ۾Ȼ֪˭
ôµóۻлЦСŮģûסļݵĺô
һʱ벻һ߰Ů
뵽ǣŮڻ-ϵģ̲סЦŮҲôǣʹ
ױۡ
ЦüĿ˪
۲δͬ˵֮ȢǷΣҲʡ
ȢɵŮڲǲ̨큸Ů˵ɪҲ
һ꣬ݸҲߴ֪߰꣬ûΪŮһĸף¡
߰꣬ݸҲǲסô
ͭƲᣬһף۵Ķϡ


201 һ
Ȣ

ָ, Աŭ˵ִŭ֮, ҲǻǺ⣿
ȷͬ˵ĸ, ûˣ˷Żںú˵, ô
ʱŴӾǰת, ֻüĿ˪, ʱȻ
Ҳ紺һ, 䱡룬ݸ
ɼǲģ, ɢͷصϣ˳۵ͷѽ׳ȥ
ͷɳȥ䵽̺, һȦ
Դ, ﲻס֣ݸȫ벻
ʱҹѾˣѾͷǽһ, ӲŸϴĲˮȥ, Ѿطˡ
Դϲ֮Ҽ䶼ҪѾͷסҹﶯ̫
Դ᲻ذһ£ֲʱȥ, С﾿ʲô, ̺˻
֪ǲ, ͷȥϵ¡
Ƣô˵
ѵͬ˵һ˵ҵķˣһ߰Ƣ꣬ŭȡʢŭ֮ʱֱʲôʲôҪûס˶ٱһ١
ɰӡ
ڴϻϢʻ֣Ҳ䴲շתࡣ
۾סϲʵʶⶥϲʱ˻˴ǮƵģһһٸСӣϣǶ󰣬׽Բء
ǰﱸǶϸ塣
ԲԲ֣װۣüĿ̬֡
˺ʪһʱʶϵǶָǸ˺ŮޣɰҪ
ԱЦֲȥɽޣҪĸҪĸ
ҹʶȴ롭÷кôǸûкӣأҪĺˣ
ӣΪݸƽˡ
˵ŮԵ
ΪûкӣûС
ҹ˶δߣҲһ
һңһңɫףֱѾͷߵš
ߵ¶ģһˮһӣš
ӷ۾Լߵһأٷֲˣ
ֱҡͷɲңЩӣǰ߽
ţͷү
ƿţͭҪȥˮŸյһ룬̧ͷͼүĶϹһ
۵һͭͭȫҵˣȹϻˮʹ
ӽȥʰʣ۾סϢһúõģҲңͷҲûᡣ
üͷͭ裬ææܳȥ
ôôС֣ʻضһʻȥģһá
үǸԲ
޺ϣƿͷ紵Ҳûͷ
ԼҲ֪ζģ˷ԣӴĿɲ£ˣȴ鲻ԡ
˶ֱ꣬ݸҲأ
һҲǲݸ֣
۳ȥҪ
ŽţǰȥģһһӦУǡ
ͷǧҶַסүϲ̺ѾͷȥµſڵȺ
˷͸ˣϣǷվſڣȫ޶ˣŽȥ
ôСģǧҶַסݶԼȥʰϵˮסҡͷֲգۡ
ֻŻϽӳأɲʱȥ
ûһҲˣ˫ȥҪó㼦
ôˣʲôй̲סֵģǾҪְգҲôã
żæ˫ȥȡ˽ţҲȥˮͷϱһ
ýűӽȥ尢ֱʹɫΪʲô£
ֻһۣӾ֪¶ǲˡ
ǰأػضǹү⣬ֻѰ졣
ϲһأôֵô
ֱۻ³ȥҲû˵һ仰ⷬܽĸƢҪγ
۳Ժ
Ǹĸϻͬոߣߺһ۾͵ɴۣᡭ̶ײͷˣ
ۡšһ
ǵĴȥ룬ܻۼкüͬʹˣ˵ײͷˡ
仰Ժͬǣһ߰˻ءߺײ˽ţײͷ˵Լʹˣ۾ˣ·ײϡ
Ǵģ˸ºŽи߅涼ЦȤ
ߴˣϽȥһ˹ǾһңһڶϣҲͲײͷײˡ
ߴ۾ȷʵҪˮĸϻʱǻˡ
ʱۣ֮ͬУ̶ײͷɱ
ˡƽлڱ̶̧ͷ
ײͷߴЦеģþˮ󣬾ˮЧûˮñҲɡ
ߴ䣺ҩɾͶˣ컨ζ̫Ҫʥʵţиҩ࣬˵ģѰҩǿɴͬҪĨһ
Ŵ򣬲ʲô¶ѵܣ͸ͬ顣
ɽһء
˵겻أС̫ˣ١
۸ҪŤͷߴˣߴ˺ٺһЦͳ֬ӴĴɺж򿪸ӡ
ߴ˵ҩྐྵӣ֬С
Դϻʥ֮󣬾Ԫ޴٣ôƫƫǽҪʥֻԼǰ;ⶣ򲻵˵㣬ĨԴϣɲʱһƬ
С̫ǰ·ʱʱĻλһۡ
ǣѼӵˣ
Ԫ۲ֹټһˣһܽ£ƷվǴƷվĩ
ԶԪżһӱζʣ෸ĸ˱Ƭɵ񣿡
˷ŽǰƼ˶ˣԶͷЦ
ֻ۱տڲԡ
˶ȥԪ۶ܭȥҲŪЩɱƬЩ־͸Ƶúܡ
һѬ˾Ͱ
ܭЦˣ£Ǹǽⷦ
ǣ̶ĨĲҩࡣǲҩֻһ˿˿ɫĨ˵Ͽ
۰һɫͿ÷
ҩࣿ
ܭ֪ǲҩ֪࣬ǲҩ˭ģǸѧʿҩ
Ԫ֪հѧʲţž͸ƵġʹŻʺ󣺡ϣհ֮ޣ
ŻʺҲţһЦһǣôӼǸ߷ߣ˵ͷϸġ
˭ˣǸĸϻ
ǣԺͱϻˣԪ˵꣬뵽۵ִеŮִһӵܽס
ŮҪѧִеһ֣͹ܵˡ
ǣϵ֡Ԫ۵˵ͷǸ֪صġ
ܭ˱Ц¾̵Ƣ
һ죬ǽͷöŶϵ˿æµգõʱλߴˣϧ
Ľ̳ɽ𡣡һ㡣
Զԣֻ˵һΣײġ
ߴ˳˸ͷףסͳǺҩݸ࣬УָģŰա
˵̶й̶ӿɲˡ
죬ѧʿͳˡ
ֳճһʮ꣬и԰ķӡѧʿźӣս˶۵ʵڲɣ¹򡣡
ߴˣĳȷʵײǽ
ѧʿҡҡͷǲŰͷһأӲతΣӲˣҶôġ
ֱǳؼңۻ
۾ڣ͸ȫˡ
ų˼ſڣиߴ˵ĸҩ׿ȫֻһɫϸƲ
³ʱɲⰢΪ
ȥȴڣʵٷأ
ֻ˫˫СѾͷڣٷȥɽˣ˵˵סھɽá
Ҫַͬ
Ϻ򵽼ңʱҲɶһ۽ϡɲܺ˸ߴӵӣǺã
˫˫ٻһۣ˫룬ӽ㲻˵үضҪȥ̵ôҲû˼ѽ
˰յٿ뵽ˣǰˮǸСļݵĺӣ
˫˫֪
ĸݼҵĺӡ
÷еǧ𡣡
˫ٻ䣬ͼүžһ˲յɿ챼ȥ


202 
Ȣ

ۼֵ, ӵȥɽá
ۿģȰȰʰ˶ȥ˾ɽ, , ôô
˵Ҳû˵
˰죺үȻȥˣҪǺ˻, ڷôƢأ
ң, ü
ҪǴʱ黹ȥȻ, ǿɲһ, ƤӿɻǽϹأ
ôôŲɽסѹүضšˡ
˵, Ҳġ⼸Σ
һ֪ʸ
ûⶼ˰գһ㶯ûСǰڴӣĻɻػضһ, »ɴͣˡ
ǰ, ʱţֻҪյţݶҪʡ
ӹĺòãԵĹ߲ߣݳԵþϸ, ȥҲ֪ܲκǲˡ
˵Ǳ캮ض, ˮɱݶֵȥʱø˫ëѥӡݶⱲҲûǣ֪Ǳ߻䡣
ȴ˾, Ҳʡ
һС, ҪǾز, ǲˣӿҿϹģǰɲôıġ
ûԵģֻ㻹֪ı㣿
ӰһۣˣҲȷʵˡ
˽ţĨ˸ҩЪţݶչǧҶ⣬ֻӡ
£սԵģûأ
ݶˣÿһⳤţ򰢱ִǰˣȰٺЩ
⣬ֻ˭Ҳûͱǲ㴰ֽ
˼ȥдʰҪҪý
ϿģɸִУ;пΪ·ӣȿٿö࣬ɴలִ߸
д뾩ǲͬķò
ݳںǣȥԶĵطҲǾǣ˵ϱߡ
˱ʳϰ߾㶼ͬһűһҪм䶼ϲ⡣뿪ǣ뿪լԺ˸طȫȻҹ׵Ժˡ
ûԵ£ôŸô
Ҳԥĸˣ֮ûУѵɺϣˣԸ
ɣٿһ
ЩСϰĻʲô£Ҳǰ⡣죺ɲܲˣĥ͵Ҫɱˡ
Сʱһ顣
ЦҲŲǡҪǣǸʱϵĲݶа˸ˡǣŻˡ
ӼЦˣүΪʲôܣ㶯ֵʱҲЩؿôã
һ£ƾ«һҲ˵
ȥӭ顣
̸ŵģЪڼУӣͬӴ̽ô¶ôˣ
ү˵£סһ·ȥѾͷƼ˲˵С˶֪ˡ
Ͳ֪ʲôʱᱨȥ
˳ģȫϣĶ֪ɣһ죬ˣ֪
˳ЩţҾһ죬ٷ˳ҲƢˣ
ӷ˷۶Թ飬뷨Ӻ尢ء
ˣûһֻ֪Ķһ¨ҰＦǱԸ¾ƣҸϽҪˣＦȳԺòã
Ȼ⶯˳ݣûôԹ
ǶӣٲֻѼӸǰաӵ˿жʳȻҪϳԵģ˰ѼӣҴ̨ҲһֻѼӸ¾ơ
粹ˣһ֪
ӿչüͷģͳգз޲ܵġ
ȥＦҪӣž顣
źӾЦߵͷȵ£ʣô㻹ʲôҪ˵
û¶ǡǡ
˵Ŵ˰ǳµҲ֪㰮ǣҿٷ˳ǣԼҲҸġ
գգ۾ֽǾիģիǿɱѰǹӵҪء
ɿһͼһ仰˵ˡ
ӿ˿ǣζõǣǾֱԵĸЩ
ĪǣĪںأ
һʱһʱְףҪΪźʲôǸҪǺǳԻǲԣҪҪ
ǣǲǸ˼
֧СѾͷȥԸɫԼκֻϷȥŰ¡
˵һ˵գԼķա
Ͷ˶£ķ飬ǣ֪Ϊģ̲סݵֽС
һʱһʱ졣
Իǲԣ
ֱ˴ʳվڽ»ػٷҪＦȣûԸҪԾƣԤһͷҶס
־ƶʺϼȣԵôȻҪȱơ
ʱץ˴ͭǮȥлģƳ԰ա
۸ϵɽʱŶ罷ＦȣűҶס
ţƤɨһֵۣͷרעԷ
Ｆۣ˴󹦷ȥȹͷר⳴ˡ
ⶫۣϱһҶףδԵô죡
۾ôվűߣ̫˲裬Ӷʪ˰ôɰͰ͵վţѾͷԲ˼ƣȫ˳ȥ
ô֪˭ˣʡ
֪ˡɤ΢ƣɫס
Լģִյٳδ͵С
۳Ƭ̣ƭǡ
ãʱҲѾ˵ڶ۽ǷΣбۿۡ
ϡ
ݸٳּ£ĸףȫḮһһ£ȴֻǵϡ
ɫʹֻϣ
ûд𻰣ȴ˳ݸ︸׵Ĺٽײġ
Ҳ֪ΪͷѪӿűӣһյƣþδȥ
ͷо仰ʡ
վţҲ㡣
л룬ҪȻһԸѧʿİ취ʵڲУǾ͹¡
˽סã𰢱һ䣬Ȼ̧ü
βŴ𣺡á
˵ã֪νͣǱ˴˶֪Ϊʲô
ȥ鷿ƿңɽеĵƻǵһֱ㵽ҹֱȼˡ


203 һ
Ȣ

Сڳˣǵ紵ݶ, ɿʹ˵Ķ
վӣôƫڳƽʡĵģôֲʡˣ
ǡɫ, , ֧֧᲻Ҵ
ģǧҶ˵үȥٷⲻ, ˾ûͺ, үٷ˸˳
װ, ֱô
С˿ɶ, ۸Ŷǳţ
˵ˣ֪ѽֲǲ֪, үٷ˲ҹģҼ䶼ôš
ҹҹжȲ룬Ҳ
һ, 䶼졣
Ͻȥʱ, үǾš
ȫˡ
ˣ˲ţһ꣬Ƣ֪ġ
ӲǵСԶ, ʲô˶ˣ
, ҲûʲôԵ°
÷ҹˮһ£Ҷ˵СѾͷˮ᲻֪
Գ̾䣺ĺӣھڰ, أ̫үҲһ, , ĻǰŮ
֪÷ȥѹͷźãϷˡҲ֪ⲻȫԼ⣬÷ݸӹΣÿǺ
ģӾͺùЩûģ˭Ҳ֡
֮ȷἸ䣬ûһ
ҰѸ£ô˼˰ԭм˵ˣҲЦˡ
ôƫСͷ˲ڼ˵ôҲٷ˵ĳСͷ˲ݡ
ûܽףڱ˵
˵ŮҲѾףųȥӱһͨߣΪԼʹ죡ͲҵôżһҪҪˣ
ڱŮԼŮҲڡ
ʱĺˣǼ沣
˵Ů޵֪ǼȫǺģ治ҵˣ
⣬Ҳҵͷġ
ͷҲֻҿ䣺ǶƼģ֮ϣ
׮׮¶ĵģôҹȥͷ޴ܣ
ֵ۸밲˵زأ뵽һӵǵ־ģ
ϽйҺúÿʵڲε˵Ĵ
ȰСڿɲǳ˺ãֳ⵱ŵģαعͷأ
ȴԽԽԣԣð˽ҵҪʣö˶˵ģôʹˣԵʡ
Сһ鷿ȥӾƼˡ
Ͻȥţˣүȥˣ
˶գÿʱҪЩʲôӻرƤû̧һ¡
ôٺãҲţû޳ܣվڶϱߵģУҲװ࣡
ȥȥˣʲôüġ
Ҫ˿ڣҪΪܡ
ʱӺϣߣȥգ鼸Ժӣÿնȥ
ǱСۣ߰ȥԺӡ
ҪЩ˼ǰţƫƫ˭Ҳû˭˵
СǰƣҲƲԺϷ³Գţòᡣ
үҲţ
С룺үЩӡ
˲˲۾ǹ۸£
ͷѾˣô춼û÷ųţԳϰˡ
˷ٳԶҰÿնҪˣԵô㣬ÿÿܶð뷹
һԲ
ǰˣ˻С
ɲ˵ûС
һ˸ˣָһָӵĶǣûУϵˣôģ
֪ӵƢֳӲ˰׽ģˣصðʸס
ǶӲСײġ
˵ײĶײô˿˿ӶСɫĨҩûУ
ÿ壬ҪʲȥͬųЦ֪ͬǣԪ۶֪۰˴
ӵ˿ڣͷԹôûûصġ
˵˵Ϊʲô
ۻ˵
ʺüӶûӦǸɴѰҲǺúõΪʲôҪ죡
ǰĴ
˻ϱ˭Ĵܲȥ˹˰գ
š
˻˵ЩʲôۣȻɲסָŶӣ㣡˹ȥˣ
һʱй̽ʣȥˣ
ǣͬһȥģӦвֻȥ˱ơ
ô㣡ְѲҲ˹ȥаˡѵһ޺ϡ
԰ǵɲʱɢ
ôȥֵط
ôӻûȥСʱһĶ飬үزТТ˰
ͨûУ̸ʲôȥ֡
˵ֻǺȸƣ»أ¶һͱͷסҲûġ
̫ܵϣһ͸ֵҰƵģҲŻؼҵ·ˡ
֪Ͳ֪ʲôʱԭ
úҪȻдн飡֤ٲȥֵط˷ŻöĨҩɴҲĨҩˣǿϣͷ죡ĸŵģǵط
ǡ۵ֱĸˣųš
һűҪǷ㣬˵ȷʵȥ˹ݡ
Ŵ죺ʲôʱ򣿡û¶
㣬ô˵
ͷѵүԸȥˣҪûȥΪۣ
ڷͷ룺ȥٷգҵðοο
ԭΪ۸Ǹֵסģý˿źáƵģͷһ
ᣡ뵽Ķȥˣүʲôˣôܸǹ۸ȡ
˺ߺһˣЩ˵׼ë֪ĸʱ˵ͷ
ﱻʱֻҪѵ
˭֪սӣȿһЦ
˰ѰԼߣúӣίˡ˵СƵģССѩŵĺӵǰ
һСģһǵͷͷġ
ˣأž

һԵɫһɫѾͷȫ˳ȥֻ³裺öԣ͸ô޷ˣ
ӲŸպùҪ£ɲôͷؾ͵ý
ͷԣվߣһû˿˿ġ
⣬Ȼǳ֮⣬õˡ
үǼҸҹ˹ݣǶݵġЦһү䲻ͨʫû˵ŮŮЩ
֪ĸӣŰѴԼͷϣҲĴ
ĸмţٿ̧ͷ˹ݣϼ˹ˣ


204 
Ȣ

Ϸʱ, 󼸸ѾͷȫֵĶ
ЩģûȥԣЩ, ʵࡣôõĶϱ, Űӣٴһ١
Сʱû, ȫ
ӻбŸɽˮСϻ, ϻͷһѹķ˽, Ƿ˵β, ۾ϵĺ챦ʯ䲻󣬵ɫѪ
Ḯһ, Ҳöˣ֧Ŀࡣ
ͳѹ׵ĶοˣĶҪ˵أҲû, ǹѵЩ, ҳǰҵġ
ûƷףûϹͷϣĸơĸ˵ľ˵
, Ҳ˵ϵ˼
һ, СѾͷǣ˶ŵĹӣŲʶӣһкƺƵ˾ɽá
֪, ôЩ, Ҳ˸ߴ, ۴ˡ
ӷһ䣬Ϸҧͷҳһؾɽãָȷ¶ȥ
ʰүȥˣ
ɼŮʲôģԶԶ˶ǵ۾࿴һۣ̾ҪŻ˵ġ
Ȼ֪ǣʲôֲ˵
ӿ𣬸Ϊˣүôȥѽ˵ûȻıŹȥֵط
תȥ鷿űߣ֡
һӹʱ鼷۾һۣ߹ȥңʲô¶
Ӱɽ⡣
ĿֱǲҪʲôѾͷСˣǱ˴ģܻЩ֮ġ
ٷ߻ƲУӴԼҲС
鶼Ѿˣóʲô䡣
˭֪ӷס㣬үǲȥ˹ˣ
һżǾûе¶үٷ˵ԩˣүҪȥ˼˹ݣҲȥ˼˹ݣӡ
ӿûȥ
޲ָ췢ģûУûУҪУͽҳű
üͷ𣺡ʲôʲô¶ôһһէƳһֻۣؾɽȥ
ص鷿⣬ôǣû
鳤̾һҡҡͷ
̿Ͻο͸˼ҾϲģǣȻӣͷͻۣپ
ͷȥү¡
Զûôֹۣա
˵̽Դ˿鷿үԵôȥٷǶأ˾ôˣ
ҪҪȥȰһȰ
鿴񵥣ͽ鷿ү÷
÷ң΢㵣ĸ÷ң
÷мҡˣһš
΢΢ü͸ҵģǸٷ˵ģ
Ǹүġ
۸⣬Ⱳ÷Ҳ޽ʣܿҪȻϻ̫Ӱ̰īʱɳʶ÷С
ǻУҪɹԱɵֹµģ÷ˡ
˼޽ʣ÷ҾҲ͸
齫ŷϣֽӹ˺Ų֪÷÷еĶӡ
ۼǵôˣûмˡ
÷ϵֳ÷ռӢ;ʫݵģ˰ϧӹ̫оȾ˷纮ʱֻʣеһϢܿͲˡ
˸˵ǵ˵ͨˡ
ĸ£ֳԤлȻֱ͸Ů죬ýвȫ
ҲȷʵףдѾÿ֪ԭίлˮȣŮкܡ
÷ռӢôأ
·Щ÷ռӢ漰Ĳԩϴˢĸ죿Żµģ
۷ɿɨһüĿס
ŵһ䣬дл»֮
۶ֽ»ĸֿ֣
ڹص÷ռӢ÷ϵֳ
ô˵ʵѾ֧Ųסǽ£Ҳȣ
ǼƤУصҩûϣҩһֱš
лбĲƬεε˵ģȻҲη纮ģֽţֽСдҩ֡
÷ռӢƤۣ˾ҩŻ
÷Ҳľ͸
ܻȫ򰢱


205 һ
Ȣ

ֽ̿, иݻš
ʱδʮиúȾƵë, ž, ʱʱһů
ϻؽţ֪ľԽԽ, ϽѾ𼦵дмȥ
ó𼦵, ְѺķҲȥ, ǵط˻ݲ, ֪ѧ
ڰ߰İգݽô, ҲˣĻܶүĳʳ
ģô
Ӱѻ´ˣڸɾ, Ƶİһ, ŵæȥ
ʼ΢٣æţôûһʣ
׻أ, Ǻš
ô
ĸɾϵĻм, ɫЩŤ󣺡飬˰ǸҡһŶûҳԣô죬Ҳû˼ҡ
Сǳŷ, ۾סһԺ, СѾͷ֮ͱȱķͷࡣԴ򰢱޽, ̼µģʱЩ͸߼Ѿͷ
磬Ҳʱмλ֮ࡣһʼ˭˭Ͷ׼˾ء
ӻǲǿϾˣ
ʲôѽ۹ãػĶ⡣óȶԣ㿴Щ޲ʲôðֵֽд
ҪǿЩҪۺÿÿ
ӿˣһӷһ飬ȷʵǾѡɫÿ
ǼлһǸӣ±ʣǣ
Ȣӡ
ûӦ˵Ҫһߡ
ţһԴеŹ֣ɴûЩǡһշӣӼ˳Ժеġ
ͿɴûУ㻹˵š
ֱޣڱ֪ʲôлӣƵģǮͳԹⰡ
ͬ죺ͲԲʱųԲŴϵõʱųԣǵȰͷŴ£
յǣɲý֪˰Ĵ£ڸ߰
ǵʱ򣬸˵ʲô
룺ұ
ЦˣдֽŷϿϿڣŽ飬ͳȥ
ɫ΢죬С죺̼ô
Ը£Ҳ⣬Լ롣
Ӻ˵
ӣʱʱͷϻ¶һС޻ᣬһĨ¶
ǲεģʱҪ氢ϴӣӷۣϴιε㸣Ҳһ
ֻǲ֪һûӴЩ¶Ҳˡ
ʱף²Ҫ޸飬ֶˡ
ӲڣʹǻĨЦˣȵסӽѾã̺ˣĶҲȥҲһޡ
ٺһգȦţǿ޹ĸ߰Ժаϲ¡
Ƕϲ¡
ʱӺصҲŲأŲʲôʵӡߵ׵ģҪúãҪ
ԴСʱ۸ȫϲģϲĶҪòҺӽ˶ȥʵɿ
Ʃ϶϶ͨС檣
㣬ξΣҸ˭Ҳ۸㣡
˵꣬ӱһõĻ֪Ҹ㣬˭۸ң
࣬Ҫأ
˸ҪˣȻǸʵġŻŵƹѻɢˡ
һͷˣȳȥա
ӡһƿˮֻͷ⣺ҪٴҲƼĵط
䣬۽ˡ
ӸϽȥվ£Ҳվ£˶ܲܺͺãŶ
ǡ
۸ͣ½ŲжҪ㿴
Ťͷʲô
ס̧£춯ǵðķ
ߵߣȡݵǰ
ɨ÷֣÷ô͵Ƕȥ
ƺ֪룬۽͵÷˵÷ϣ˻ȥ÷ռӢдš
Ƿݻ񻹰鷿ʵɫģټƥѰѣδκһĶ
°Ը÷ҵĶ
Ȼ֪÷ռӢ˭ӹȥһ䣬̧ͷ»ǼƤӣݸĸ磿
˾ֽ˹ʱѾﵽ˳
ڹʱȥЩ¶ʮջؼңǵǼƤۣȴûС
ʹǼƤأĵһƤۣҲΨһѡ
֪ǰģ͸˹Ҹڵˡ
ʵͲ͵ĵУҲȷ˵ͱСˡ
ӵǿǹáٷƤӣֶˣүӣͰȻװˡ
⣺ʲôĶ˭һ
ʹ˽ҹδ
ֱղ֪ǼƤǸ÷ռӢ
ӰУг÷ϵۻڡ
֮ʱ֪÷ռӢ˵Ļ֮ǳвصҩҲǱϵﰤʱƤһ
÷ͨǼգͿǼƤӳ
ֽǷŴͷһ顣
ż÷ռӢױдģǿּīںתдĩҲڡ
÷ݸ׸ûвʣ÷ݸļĸ㲻̫ΪҵҲͺùöࡣ
ɫĽδ⡣
һۣûкӣ
ûСȷʵûУҧȥôʱҪô˵ʵ
ĿĹˣڰҵǽϵͼϣͼһߵĺ̵㣬̵֮⣬аСд͵ķ׵ò
ﵽдģμģȫ
лҹ飬˵ԶĿУʲ
̧°ͣʲô˲ܰͼȫŲţЦ֮۴ʱٿͼ
м¿
ȴûȥûкӣǲǵݸûϵ
УҲֻԿɶѡ
߰䣬йԲסĵطǷһĲٳּ£ǷТĸף㲡֮ǷҪӣĸף
ĬȻЩǰΪݸʵģ۶У䶼ΪԼʵġ
Ƿġ˵
۽ţ֪ˡ
Ŷ˰ΣҲűߣÿ顰˵ʲô
ҡҡͷ̫ˣ˲ڳ죬ģںͺãֿ죬Цӡ
˰벽ӼҪ
űƿˡ
ߣ󣺡ү˯鷿
ǡ
һɿºˣǺͺˣ
˵鷿ȥ鷿ţ̵óȥ÷ҵ£ر÷ռӢ
д˷ȥ˴˾˽顣
УڳԻºͺˣ߹Ҫˣǻֶѽ
ˣס£Ҫ˯䡣
ڶ̽ʣЦģͺˣȥҲ߷ˣҲòˡ
˽һ쳢̳⣬óġ
ó˺
۾һɨ֪˻š
ͷܴβֻͣҪסһֻˡ
ôġ


206 
Ȣ

⼸, ҲȷʵǺӡ
þͻԭһʱЩϵĵĻ, Ҳȥͬŵľۻᡣ
ȥ, ֳײǽ¶ͬԶڸѧʿһ, ÿʱ
ѧʿλ־ҪڣҪ
ȥ˺üظѧʿгԲ, ѧʿ, Ǵݸ, Ҳ类Ԫ׵뺲Ժġ
۵ȥԲ裬ʶ˳һϵˡ
ѧʿ˵Ȣ˳ݹ, ǾǳŮǱ߳ԵҵҲмСܴ, Сܴߣ
ƿ, û뵽ܴӸѧʿ䣬¸ĸ
ԡѧʿһķӣûУ
һ۵ģ֪û, ѧʿ, ҡͷжϥлƽ𣬵ɷ졣
ȥأٵǰʱԪ, ̸ȥհȲˣ
֪Ԫ۶, Ҳס΢ݣ, ѧʿ̵ҪСߡ
Ԫ۹ЦƫеȺĴǶˡ
ԭԪۼִоЦִеŮôҲЦһʥ첻˥
ó³ʤһƼүҪȥǲĵطͻ
ҪĲֵطͬЩ˻þˣ㽫¿ˡʲô£ǾֻԽԽ֡
ӹȻʵʵƽҪĨƽôܰѰؼȥʡף
⼸ûմۣæýŲմأǴӣɲܳһ
ձǼڣŸҹʳȥԺС
ḮǰʹҵƽʣԺֵĶǸɫ٣ҪղŽ췴޻
ԸԻĴӿáϲ֣Ž˺
鲻̣˰Žգ
˵ֱЦãõģ˰Ž
ڷһȦ׵Ŵʳӣˡ
ôҪҺһž֪ǰ
ҪҩҪ㰲㡣˯ˣһ죬ɽҲûֱ𡣡
ڿڣЦüĿԣʲôѽ
ɱţ첻͵ͷҪ棬üͷͿۡ⼸˵Ĳӡ
ϲ֮󣬾ǵҵǹӣ˵
ǻﶼûݣֻҵͬǣҶǰˣͷķ˵ˣ
ѣžҰ졣
ɩһģúͰܸɣδ޵ĹȫҪϲ
̾ҷʧԱ󽫣
ֱЦжأԹһ̯õĻ±ֵܰġ
Ҫ֣ˣÿҵŮˣҪӡ
ӹǣҪ˯㣬ô֧ŵס
ЪЪ˵ģзﻹ֪Ҫݣֻпһ徻徻
ѾˣССںҩ
ݱˮڣɵϣأǰҹ˯ûУ
Լǰһҹûҩ˯ú
֪˯ʵЦһǣĴ£㾹šﻹЩ£ʱͲԼˡ
ͷֹסڣҩЧˣźϢƽȣ˯˹ȥ
´ݱ׺µҲϽ˯Ҫæ¶أ
۾ʱ򣬰ߡ
ߡ
ͷӰ˸⣬ͷԸ緹
һٿɵóʵˣϼûɳԡ
ٺЩˮԪաǳģŵӵóһ롣
ҡͷƽһԲˣôܳһɲɣô˵³˫Ҳܸŵ
һҡͷ
һ죬Ҳһ룬óŵҹء
ʵǳԲȥ͸һţױˣԪ¶ǡ
ű߰ʣʲôֱܸҡ
Ҳ󷽷ϲУѼҵķǿ
Ǽĳŵģõû¡
Ȼʣλм£
֪ϸݱԭ׵ģǰͷôһ㲻˳ģͼͰ͵ס
˼ң
ɲǣ˭뵽أ
⻹˳ӣ
ϸϸĻУͷȥõͷ̧ģ
̧ͷ
ϽϲƹһۣϲϲȥϣĸϵöԣкЩʡðõƷò˵׼ܿܰϲˡ
ףѾ۵֧Ųסˡ
ϻʱݱĸֳɩɩϲվ
ͷ룬ֵ˵ɽ򻢣ͬ˵۵
֧ϣţֱǰأѾ΢ϲǼⳡģǹǧӵĽŲһ֪ۡ
ͽϲ
迴ӣҵҿˡ
ٰ⻰ѧү֪Զˣôɣۼ٣ЪһЪ
ϲڣ˵˲źã֪ԶѾͷٷ밲
˵밲ʵʵͷ
ү˵˶ȥˣٷ˯˯һ
ݱͷȥãүô˵Щţģǲǹүķˣ᲻Ūģ
Цˣ㣬Ǽңû˸˵ѻʮӣҲôĻѡ
ݱˣپʮӣȥͷ涼ˣҪЪһЪ
֪ţʵ۵ܲסˡ
Ե˵ͷͷܽҿϲҲѣôϲϡ
һ˯˯ɢ֪Զ˴ţš
軹͹һηݱ׸ŰϽٷ˺ú˯ˡ
ôӵˣһۣܳŵס
Ǽݲ࣬ǰͷһɢү͹ˣʱͷҲɡ
ᣬû˯ôʵ۾ﻹ룬ѵİҩȵ̫ˣ
֪Զ߽ϲһźӰֹ̧Ѿͷǣѹüͣ𳳡
ݱ»ɫ⡭ͷûأ
֪Զ۾ֱźӰһѽϡ
ͼ֪ԶһһһŲϲǰǹ̤ϣýӸϵĺͷ
ۣɼ䣬ǰ˭Ǽ˾ҪЦģŴ¶Ц
һҲ֪ʲô춯۾˯ȥ
ݱͷһүʵʵˡ


207 һ
Ȣ

ݱǻһ, ȥ֪ԶѾͷ
һ죬һ֬ݱ׿ûһһ˼, ʣҪҪ
öأ
ƻû, ͬĽҲû⣬ôҲðѹ
ݱ׳ŵǰ, , ͬ, ȫȫ˹棡
, ѡ
ݱ׾ͼ¹ү̤ϣ۾ֱǹ, Ϻǰ˯š
ϲ¶ԣϻ˯ڱ, ˫, ̴΢ţʮ

үô˵ˣݱҲɫûء
֪Զ˵Ż۾ס, Ҫ
, 
ݱˣүȷʵֳôˮСվ, Щ֪ĸժĻ䡢ӡʯͷ
ÿÿյ, ô, գˮʢϣ˵ҰȤ
ЩҲͰˣܲܲȫա
ݱ޲֮ʣˣһţ֬˿ȥүַվˡ
Сȴˣ˵һһۣĹصûôء
һۣﷸѣȰ֪Զүð꣬ӲǼҵˡ
֪ԶͷΪѣ۾˯÷£һʱϲ
ݱ·Ϻƣ֪Զһյֻմմ
ֽͬĽᣬݱѣϲһһģͷģ滹һġ
ʱѾͷǶ˳ȥ
۵Ѿ֪ˣ뵽ǰЩӣͷúܣֲòǿ
˭֪һϣ֪ԶСۼ˰գ˯գ˯̤ϡ
ˣֵ̤ҹѾͷ˯ĵطô˯ڽ̤ϣ
㡭ʵ˵ϴ˯ĻҲ˵ȥ˯ͷ޺齣ǵڸ
˰գտڲԣԼţȻ˱ӣ˯ڽ̤ϣĵ׻΢΢˿
ҹ᲻
룬մ˯˹ȥ
֪Զ˯ڽ̤ѣŴϺף۾ɵж쵰ôƮƮƷΡ
ˣ겻ΰգ
ô룬̧˰Ѵ⣬۵죬Ц졣
ǷΣˣ
ֱ˯ڶѾͷţۡ
Űǧʣ㶡ʱѾˣңԼ
ˣ
֪ԶѾѹüͣǰһβŴš
ǣѾͷǽˣ
ȵȣü⣬ָ˵̤ϵͷͱӣҪǱż˿»һҹ˯ڽ̤ϣǿôá
֪ԶѱͷϣŻա
ݱȽţžͼߵϲǰһϣ߱ģ߶ѵһ
ٿѣ´ûɢ֪ҹû¡
˷˿״Ҫǳˣض֡
ݱµˮ̺ϴʱ򣬳ʹ˸ɫͷݱ׵㣬ҷʰ̣үٷˡ
һ˼ЦˣİգȻǺ
ûһ͵ˣʳӣٷȺȿ࣬ӣȻҪȥ衣 ֻŮ㷿֪ĺãŮ㷿ﻹиȫӡ
л衣֪ߵ裬ظģ谴ס
ٷĪҪϽա
ʳͷֻ۲СѣʢӻԲ࣬鳢һھ֪ǴȫģڼʱԵĿζ
ǣֻӹԲζһСѣҲ
ү˵ͿԼү˵վ￴ٷ˳࣬Ը࣬񿴼ŮƵġ
ǹˣÿһԼүģ֪ûԲ
ͷǸ˵ģҪԲǻٷŻˡ¶Ҫͷز֣Ҳг
ҡûҪ˵
֪Զ˵꣬һۣүٷ˵˵ȻҪ裬ڵ¶
֪Զ谴ţ档
ãﴰţͷĴӣݺ˺һſڣǼûʲôݣҲȥˡ
š
ҵ߰ʱˣͷ˼ҡ˼ңҲסϲҪȵģҲû˭ϱ衣
ˣ˫Ьӣҵλǰء
ٷ˸үЬӣүֻڴϲŴضûȹúڹͷء
֪Զ󾽣ͷһЦ
迴ԼүִסϽһЩ˼ʱôմҪʲôʱȥ
˽ѵôЩ֯ѣͷϡ
ʱߵ˲裬Ѿͷǰϴ˫ϲšݱ·°ݣӹյݵС
ʹͷյ𣬽̵ǵʱ˵ˣʱýٸߣͷҪѹͣԵù
ŻȺȶӵģٺȶϱģϱŲյҪЩ
˵׾ǸѹϱĹء
˻ûͷͰѲӹȥˣȺģź˶ӵģŸһ׽Ƕʱͷ档
лѵ롣
ֻ֪ͬԶҲûԵݣȻȥݹƽʲôʲôȥա
΢룬ˣأ
Ҳ¼ղء
Դžûһ˵ĸҲûǶ֮ĸ׽̵ţѧһ
˵ԭҲĸصġû۸ǰ̫̫̺Է
һٷҪԴʱ͵վʱվţҪЮˡ
ǶӾģҪҪˮҪŷˡ
ֻأһʡ
ҲһЩŮķ죬̫̫ŵĿðڻðڳ
죬˵׼žҪɱɱϱ档
һһ۵ģͷ˵ˡվݱһһꡣ
СѾͷʱͶ
һҪ飬Ҫ죬ҲҪ졣
ѧˣοҲѧѧҲûϹ
Ȱݹںȥλ֮طȥ緹֪ԶƽҪҪ̺ĸ÷
֮ҪҪأ
֪Զס֪Ҳ֪ȥ
ӿеõĵһ£ʱͷɱ˳ȥҪѾÿγѪ
Ҫžðô죡
鼱òᣬݱҲȫް취үôڵô졣
֬οٷˣٷĪ˲ġҲðֱȥʣ˾ͻֱ
Ȼûһ֪ԶͻˣһͷЦ˵ãǼҸǼҶûأôԷƢθ
΢㡭ĸô֪ҼûأҲûУĸ׺ɩɩϱûУĸĸǶصġ
֪ԶüҶҲˣĸ˵ͷؼիʱ֪ûء
𰢱ЩͷЦۼҲһΪʵ
֪Զ룬ϲãס
գץ˸ӣϡ


208 
Ȣ

һ, ˻Щϰߡ
÷ʱࣺҲ֪ԲóԵùߡ
Ǽױȥģȫѡ, ֻ̺һ˵ĳʳ, ó˰գ
˱Цôŵʱ, һ֪ˡ
˳˿, ȥŵҲ, úò, տһ֪
, ݱ£ûзˡͷ˵ú
Ӧʡá
˾ӣ߹ǰ, ޵ջСˡ
ڱ˼, ôʴĸĪ˵檣û檣Ҳݡ
, ܻ, һҲû°գȫ棬Ҳȫ档
ĵطֱ֪ö񡣲ĸף˶, Թ
, ǲ۰δ, ôõġ
ﰵҹأĻҲû˵˵ЩΪ㣬ֻġߵ·Ҳʵڲ̨棬ȥ˷ύʲô
δЩҲֱ֪ɣԶŹԶţߵʱ黹˽
Щ᲻֪һֻ۱һֻ۰ˡ
ȫТģһҲֻڵĸǰ̣Ǹܽˡ
ţǾߡÿڣһǵʱԽǣаһԽʢ
ֳ˵Сƣϲס
ʲôϲףдﲻһģ˵ʱˣͻ⵱ף˿˿ġ
ʰˣ
ʰ˼ˣѾװ˴ǰһ죬ϸϴȥˡ
ͷʣ۸Щӿɺã
ǺˣĻ˵Цģ
ȷ˵Цôù۸Ƶġ
۸ǴСôүһЦס
˵֪ԶЦˣ׵ʱһϲЦø껭Ƶġǳ飬ݷһƾ̾˸˼ˣһƢͺá
ЩݷǶŮˣŮΣƢò
ӹúãҲԵС뵽ɷʱйµӣʱñݣĺЦ
һûܹŮôһͳеĺøס
ˣҲƽϡʳ裬յķʳԤˣ
Ԥˣٷ˰¶ʲôĵġ
գŸսḮȥš
³ͼվſڵñƣ尢һЦ
˿ֻڵӣ֪⼸˳ġϽף½ףһ
Ѿڵˣ˰ռ٣ͻ⻰˵֪ԶģҲ֪ܿ
ͷѵñյߣ㡣
֣ҸҲ㣬˺üˡ
Ŀѣ۾һɨͼŵĻϺõģˣٿˣġ
ۻ˼¡
С˵Ϸ°񣬸˵Σʵæңô
֪ԶʵʵţְϥϣǶ˯˻ᣬѾˡ
ʱеͷһɫ֪ûѡˣҪϸʵġֱȵۻ֪Զ˳ȥʣûУ
ԹŵϱŵһѰ£ء
ҡҡͷûУ˵ûء
ɿ˵ûУǾûС
ǾͺãԵأ֪ԶѾͷ˵ڶҪʵģʱ¶ҲǸصģ֪Ǳʵװ࣬˼
á
ֻ֬ɫݱ´һ֪ǵӵ֡
ʻʲôˣռǰ붬һӵ׵
˵ˣЦǲ͸ׯͷϽһô
Ǳأ
ʵģϷɺһƬôЩˣʵû֪ԶԲ
֪ԶǶﻨ򣬺̵ʲôʱˣٵ㡣
죬֪ˣ˵ûѵ㣿
鷽Ż죬䣬Цһ䡣
ʲôҪٳּ£ӣ
ŵʱӣҲ˵˺üĻ
ҡҡͷԲǡ
ʲô
÷ʱһʱ棬ʹ֪Զĸ׳أҪҪ㼸գֿ÷ã÷ˣ֪һһӳԶô֡
֪ԶͷҲɣҸ˵ȥ
һԹ٣ʣǷʲôԸҪԳիŷ𣿡
֪Զ治֪ǰգҼ¶һֱˣҴûʹҪȻʡ
Ȼʣ
ɫЦˣ㵱ʣ϶ˡ
鿴ֿѾͷǣ»÷ʱ׳ŵˣŷķǣҲгһʮųիģΪʲôԳի
£֪ԶСʱȣüն˲ȥԤ¡
֪ԶסˣӲ֪
ʿԸ֪Զܺãұء
ͷԸųأ˵ĸ׳󣬹Ӧ顣
֪ԶҲĽû뵽Ϊųôأϧ
鿪ڣ
Ÿտڣ˽ֵķļ˼Ӹޡ
ӴֻóԳի
£˵ǰ֮ҪԸǵüӸӡ
ǿסЦ⣬ߵɷѾˡ
Ҳׯϣлĸ׽̵ϱġ


209 
Ȣ

, ɢϲǮѾͷСǸ϶ϲӯӯġ
һҺ±ȼףݶȥ߹, ºЩ, Ժ˺Щǽ÷һˮһѼ, Ծ, ҲҪЩ
ݶʰ, , æվ
裺л㣬, ϻؽ˵ȼ׵İȹӣ˸㿴ɫ
ЩԾݶٷѾͷ, ݲһ
ȲӺ, Ҳϵģ֪ǽûƺãݶٷ˵⣬ֻȹѡ
ǲЬ, Ҳæ, û뵽軨
ôá˵űߣһɹ̫һӿ, ¶ϲ顣
΢΢ЦҼ㻹мʯɫ±ȼ, ȹһҶ, 䣬Ҫǰ´ҲһȲ£־ɡ
ЦˣȷǱȽ¶
ݶƽֻһ飬Ǹһ˵֡
ĺӣҿһôûٱҼ㰮
ǰԵĲˣݶһûٱʱ͵ȥƻûС
Ƚˣóһӣϸ壬ʷ
̾ʲôã
Цˣأ̶ĽҪˣƲЩһ͸㡣
ѽЦˣЩģ½½ͣԺһֱǶѾͷ
СǾн飬ףҲȥԾˡ
ã˭˲ϲ
㣬жʮĸˣôûУʵ
жʮĸѽЩģû˽СԺҲһʮĸˣĸĸ֡
ûٱ֥ǣʡ
磿
ģСѩС¶
˵˵ٷûǰɽֻһѾͷǰ¶
տڲԡ
ȴµʵҹҿ¶ˡ
˿ĭǶֻ˵¶˵ͱˣүʢŭ֮£Űһ˳ȥ
ã˵˵㶼ʲôˣ
ٷ˻ˣԺֻҸҽڡ˵ţһµӣҽ㲻˵ġ
Ӻˣϵ˵ȹӡ
ȸҡͷ͵Ǿô˵ˡ
䣬ݶţɷҲûٱȥġ
ﵱȻУӹֺֽһ˿ݶҹҪ˯Ƕ
ݶ˲ʣ˵ʲôˣ
ҹȥȹӡ
ݶͷӦǲûһÿЩãЬѾæˣҪȹӡ
û¶־ˡ
ҹһƣȥ
һѾͷḮô꣬µĶ࣬ϻ˸棬˸򣺡ͬ˵˵Ƽʲôˣ
ż̸¶Ҫһڣġ
׸ʲô˭Ҳ֪
㲻ȸ˵˵գҼ¶Ҳûء
ʲô˵ġҪӸ¶£˵Ժ˭֪¶Ѱ¶ôɽĸ˵ˡ
ǻǻүҪˡүʱֱ֢ҡͷѰǰ¶ֵҹ̺ү
ģʲô
ֻ֪Ǽ֢ÿ˵ЩҲ˵ԽԽǻʹӣӰһ٣ٴ
лҼҩү˵ʲôΪǽˣϵУûˡ¶ҸϳȥҩҼˡ
Ȼ¶֡
үһ¶й˻ûþͱɽ
Ҫ˵ǲǴأֵǮָź¡
ӳʱ˸˺ױƣ޵ĻǹµĶӣѾͷƹˡ
ӣּ£ô÷
ôѽ޽žСѾͷûֻУٵ԰ﵱٵȼ꣬ɷҲǸСˡ
¶յɽʱ򣬶Ϊ¶Ժǰӡ
ǻΧŰ¶ת¶ЬȵСѾͷʲôãȫˮƯඡ
˵˵ҹ¶˵Щ£ø첲ǧҶҲʹ㣬㵽һҲ¶
죬Ҫضŵʱ򣬰¶Ȼǽ˵
һ͵ֲأ˵ôˣҪȥɽǵŹضšһػزɲͷˡ
˵Ҫүƫƫﲻ
ֱ۾¶ȥ鷿ס
ٷ˲ڣҽ㱾ģɡ
̾Ϣǽģ¶ôóͷүǼҲ룬ѸɾҲûá
ͷ˵˺һһ֮󡭡¶ͱ˴ˡ
Խ˵Խòԣ£ʱŲ̽ʱֻΪ¶Ѿͷ˼öˣԸ¼ƫñװۡ
Ļһ룬ĵҪһңݷô¶Ҳһˡ
ݵĸĸãء
̧ü۾ڵƻӳ°Ĳף˸ͻ
һСӣ۾ôˡ
ٿʱֱģͷʵʵŻǾһ̺ٷ˾ǡ
ǣǾ̺үٷˣӣٲġֻԼۻˣҲͷ
վҪȥˣòڣݶʰʰӡ
ⱲӶûǣܸŹȥҲû¶
Ϸ󣬵ʰаȥǱٻôҲ죬ҪѶ㡣
ݶԼİʰõİţҲʰʰ
̿ʱļаװϣٰѲõĴһ򿪹ŵһζݶЦˡ
ૣζҲ֪ôô󡣡϶ζһζÿػҪ̫ɹˣζɢ
ݶɴʰӣ߰˱ӣһû
óģǰ뱾ȫӣ뱾Щ̶̵ߣԱдֲֶֶ
ݶҳףַ˻ȥ
һûȥӣмʮֻѾͷЩʲôأ
ִ·һֻССƿͷͣǿһţƽõĹ͡
ͷˣóһƿױպóͷá


210 һ
Ȣ벻

հҪ˻ʡס
, Ͻؼңѧʿסˣǳ˰գ
Щ˼, ʱʱֽдʲô
ѧʿͷһ, дŴõŵĶӻ赽Ƭ, ٵۡ
ʲôã
ʵ˵, ѧʿзŹ, ؼʡ׺ðؼʡסµ, һڼңڣ
ѧʿ㣺͵ȰƲߣЩΪң
Ѱ԰Ƹ, ôڲزصģ͸óиͬˡ
ĬĬԣǸѧʿԼҲ, , áȥͺʡȥ໨Щٺ»Ҳû£Ǯ徻
ֻ֬ӣѧʿۺϲ
ɿһɥģ, ʣǲָ, ȥʡˣǲܹգĸȥģô˵ȥͲȥ
ǡ۰֣ǡ
ѧʿۼȥ, , ѵ̽ǰ񫣿
СִͯС, ˣݲ鲻תױⶫͷ
ѵ̽Ǹͷ
ۼϻؼңѾͷڰӷԸʹӣ⼸ҲȫװϣͷϸЩá
һͷۣӸϽ񣺡үˡ
ǺģѾͷǷ׷׷Ķ˳ȥ
ȥʰˣ
ڸдţ߰¸µʱյȿٸţҪˡ
ٸţǱ߽ӵţɲõˡ
ʰˡ
ͷҲ̧ʼմīһֽܿдˣдֽѹһīܿһš
дţһֱվ߿š
Ѿͷһָǰ䣬һ˶ǩ
ǩӵĶѣЩ̧ȥðͷסȰѻķ̌ϴȥ
æ¶ԺͼһԸ¶һͷԵģʲôأ
죺ү
үǺͺˣһ̺ѾͷǴּһģӾֻ¸
˻Ŵ˯ء̾ӻû¶ʱ˵ԭ£үҲûܹѽ
֮ǰר̹ǼЩѾͷҪô̺£ܲܰһµѾͷûС
˵Щ˾Ů²Ǽ춼
ֱüͷСʱģͷʱ۵ڴð亹ѾôˣҪ˵ⶫ
㲻Ҳǲ
˭֪߷ߣЦˣԵǺ¶
¶Ӳ⡣
Ƿ̼Ѿͷģһ㶼ѻ˵ˣͷãǼҪͬŮ˲á
Ҫǹү𾢣ƴŰҲҪǰѳֲס˼ûʲôĶŮˡ
˵꣬żѾͷ֪ûУ
ӵǵҲòǣԼʰˡﲻ˽ƾү壬ġ
ТʱЩ̵ûϣȳ˷ӿϸĹ
ͻֱŤⶼˣҪǻͺãһ£ҪǷˣ᲻ޱӣ
ӷ˼ԭðޱӣС󣬰۸Ǿᵱ˿޵ġ
˿ޣǾ͸һ
ΣЩԲ׼ްա
۶԰ʲôֻܷԸ·ʲôʲôҪš
£ǽ̵ġ
Ѻȥ·ϵ¶ЩȴӣҶ˱ȥ˵ų鼷۾
һۣЦֶ䣺ӣ¶ȥա
ۿ˿̶ǰ׵ˣ˵ȥĻкЩҶ̷ֻͣĸ׺ͰС
ִȤӲΪʲô
Ϊʲô
ǵͨ죬βŵҾ롭
ЦҲȥһ¼ţ˼
ˣɻ󣬡ĸ
ǡٷߵӡˡ
ЩԾ˭ףǵˣӡ
ʵӴӦˣ
̴Ͱ͵˼ǣ˼ҵûƹأɲøȥﰰǰ˵׼˼Ҿ͵ͷء
˼Ƭ̣ӦʣҲãǾȥȫϸЩ
¸ֶ߰԰˵Լġ
Ѿ֪Ϊʲôۼ˵ϲӣҲԸ⣬ʱǰ¡
뵽΢췢׵۾һۣҲϲӵ£֪֪
ģǰ֪ҲȻǵˡ
ӵ⣬Ҫͷһк˵ŮߵŮ׳ףǼ£˴˶ߵεġ
ѾͷȥԴΪԼġ
Ը⣬Լ˭˭
Ѿãʱ¶˾ģҴȥط
̧üڣ
ڣȥҪЩ
װһ뿪ɽӸȥȥȥͻأǲظš
ǰں
һһףŶ
ǾṲ̊ʱڣɫδñϣ翴ϰˣעĿ
һ·ﵽ˽Է
ŷƥ˻Ų쿴
үˣϽӭүٷôˣҪҲǰ죬ﶼɨﻻ³ǰ
΢Цһܣܵÿȿڲ裬ޡ
ŷϽ֪ѾͷǣԷѰӴ鷿ţвסӷԸ˲ɨ鷿һֱš
ͷſǸɾģɼƽմɨδ͵ƿһɳζϻűҡ
֪ˣȥպˮ
ӺСѾͷ֧۲Ŵ߽УֱߣǽϹһ÷ա
ƿһ
ǽϻа˭֪ǽʲôҲûУ۷Ƿı棬װѻӣһС
˾죬Ұ鷿һ顣
۵ͷ֪
һ̾ˣʶûʹΪҪĶʹ鷿Ų
שأһҶ
֪
˵ԭжţ
ᴵȥǲĻңĦãŽݸ
Զ֮ԣʧˡԶ֮ԣʧš
ʧʧУǻ
δȥӣˣⱾȫеġԡ
Ϊ˲ʧȥŶ̹ס
ӣ֮ҹд͵ġ㿴Ŀɲˡ
۽ⱾС˫ַϡ
ʵд֮ûзЩοУһˡ
Կīֻǣϴ֮ٿ
º󣬵Ҫζġ
ɫĺͷ䵽ɽȥϼɫͶӳڰϡ
˫ɣ̧üʱĿдδ
á


211 
Ȣ

Ӧϴٿ, Ǳӣֻʯ񻨵СϻС
һҪϻҲϣˣ
˲֪, ֪, ϻŹүдţδǰд, һӡڿЦŴȤҪô, үǲҪдˣ
ԲŴϻ, װµš
ס, ɻ֮նһ, Ļụдš
һֻдһţǷ飬ѹʯϻ¡
õǷʱ޲õ, Ȿ, ֪۲ɶԵء
ʱҲûе򿪿ĳ嶯
һɫ֪б飬̾Сʱĳƺ, ̵ʱ˰, үСģ㵽ʱ
˵ķСҲˣŵ, Ҳ̲ȥʱ
οүľ°
Ҫ, أ
ӸҪ˵, һ䣬ˮǺţȵþ춯ءòıˮײŰӵĿѹȥ
ͨ죬ֿ̣㻹㻹ݷ򰡣
ڶգ˰٣ĸ͵ͷ
ʱߴݴ˿˻δϹٴͼƣʱ̾һ
ǣؼʡϲˣô̾
ʱСңٻȥͷϲ֪ٸ׷ô̾̾ЦǺ£ܼ꣬ס
ǵϣĸ׵Ĵ밢ĻతţطǳխҲӦУĴŵ϶в㣬ĸ͡
˹ϵϵĹٴٴѾǱôҪöˡ
˵ǣĴ⻹Сʲôġܻؼȥôࡣ
ҲתȥҪֱµģû˵
ȥӣӼϽͷȥ
һ·϶շĸףδҩ͸ҩҩͽڴױ̨ǰ
㻭ģ
ָָڵǼܸ磬ػĲϲ÷ңƥǡճһģһ
˻ġͶµĻһķͬģڴϻſ
һ·ϼįǱֻõġ˵߹ȥƿиǣ¶ͷΧ壬壬ʨ󶷺˫½
ЩĸҲᣬһơ
˵໰ǳٳٲ밢
Ųշ߶߶˶У⺢ӣôô߶
˼СҪֿôã߶䣿
ҲĸУ֪ԶڰߵӴھܿ쳤˲ӣ⴬Ҳһߡ
ҽʡ
ˣϸϸġֻ˵ٷǿû
°ʱУϣУӴȥѻеĶϱȥ̫̫٣Ҳȫ⼸ʮδТġ
ֹߵߣ˵ʲôˡ
öûȵͬ˵һ仰ʵ̲סߵŽ֣ôҲͬɩɩ˵仰
ס֣ơ
áͷӦ
鵱ֳ棬˽δ˵Ҳδ֪Զ³˰˭Ҳ֪
𼱡ȴǿ£֣óɲųɣһ㲻ǾͲɡ
ߺ죬ֳ
۲֪ڴʲôԣ־һǰ˵ģһҪͬɩӸ𡣡
´ȥǰһŻ첲§סû¶Ըɫɿ
ס֣Σд
ǲϵĶҲ
дʲôÿдʲôϣģԳ˴֮ܣȴһһ㣬滰صô
۲֮󣬾ͻΪʲô˵
ȴ밶˱ѰеУûĵģƴĵطûȥ
ݹأҲʱͷȥ羰˵ˮ죬ҲͿˡ
ҪȻôŰѰϣиܸһ˵˵ơ
ЦˣȥԤĶ
˺Ԥʲôˣ
ֺһù˿˾Ц˫½ʨ󶷣ôЩϸǾһ̣
õ嶼ʵģϣôζ֡
û¹壬Ҳû壬ѧܿ죬Ѧû뵽һ־ͳ˵°ܽɱ仨ˮ
˵ãԲ۾
Цû죺˵ãѧ岻ãֲʱϰЩġ
ǿɵøúѧһѧȵ´ʱҵձضͻͽ
Ҳ֪ϱںǴˡ
壬˱ãͷϴ̫ľδ
üѾͷѾˣδҩڴС
ӰûУΣ绹ֻҺȰ࣬뷹ֻ
ڴϣƽء
ӣǿЩΣɵȥЪҲȥ˯ҪһһƬġ
ѾͷǶûϴȰ죬á
ͷ£ҾڸڲշУʲô¶ͽҡ
һ뿪˵Ĵգ˾ͳЦ֣Ϊ˺˸ˡ
ˣûһԲסĵط
ӽ㵹ˣݶҲ£չǡ˫ǻãֻɫҲףԲȥ
ֽĥīա
㻹Ҫдְ⴬ʻĴѾεòˣ׻ҡôҪд֡
дһġ
˵дһģֱдڡ
߼Ѿͷֻˣӻ鶼ˣûá
ݶأЩûУ
ЩˣݶʱʱһڣʲôûУ»ˮء
ټҩԵ࣬ˣҲȶʲôûǿ
ҹҲЩͣʱ˲źЩ
ٷԼ÷գҳԲ¡
ԼУһԷ˷ҪЪˡ
ҪЪˣд˴ˣ۾ѽ˵ʰȥȥǺЩûС
ϲţϡ
ֻһ綹ϻӣȡǱСᡣ
ַͼҳдš
ϣʮôȥ


212 һ
Ȣ

, Ѿͷǻûȫ
˫ֵȥˡݶδãһҪչĸ, ֻһѾͷûС
ǰǰ, ȫܡ
죬ȰӣҲǰյ, ʡδδ¶˵׼, ͷû¶, 𴲾ͷΡ
ӿ׳, ˰ν÷ӸҪԲ¶ͽ, ҲܺЩ
¾˿з࣬ǶԲ¶ȫϴ۽ѹζ
Сֽ˻ȥָͷһֻ, ͬյҪ, ôҲϸ
С˽۰ͷһǮһ
ǣܲǰǵĻ
ÿ˶ʱӿʼδ, ˯Լȫպ, û͸أչա
һ˴š
ˣ˫Ҳ
ֻݶûãڴ²˴, ͵øչ, ȷǷֲչӡ
˯ڰⱨӦˡ
÷Ӻ, ɲȥ˾԰Լδº˰ա
ӿɥǷһҪ£ǻҪ촬š
ſǻʵڲЦı÷ιߣµĴŻ
£ûˣ
Ц߽Цʢġ
һСֽͷһ˪һν÷ӡ
˭͵ģ飿ʡ
ӵֺ죬һ˹պְˣ̵һŻպڵ÷ȫˡ
δôһһ֪ɻģ
ӵıý㵹ˮڣ¡
۽ӣղգ
ӽ۲ʣղգһø˻ػء
ӵɫֽӹŵͷߣܾһԡ
Цȥߵβ
Ȼ͵Եģ
۲Ӻþã㣬簮£ӵǰ°ɣ﷢ʲôʹʲô
СѾͷͷͻʲôģѰˡ
õǸ﷢ЩֻżԡȷԵģ޻Ȼ¶
дʱЩ籸˴ϴһᣬϵ˻Ҳ֪˻᲻ϲ
黶裬ֲ㷸ΣϽסշľ壬ʵʵߡ
Щգٳٶ۾ֽ̿ʵƿһֻۣ˸ν÷Ӻôд֣
⴬εͷΣıֽȴƽȣֻᾪ̾һ֪ԭǿˡ
ţдһдġ
ǱСһָںַԼҳ
һҳд֣ǰ֣ġ
ʱӳ£ʱǨǨ֮ĹλΣдװס
ֶ֣дʱ¾
ֻһС֣ʮ겡š
ʮ굽ʮ꣬䣬ֻһ֡
ûָ۸дʣزڴʱÿ֢أ۾޵ңֻҪұҪ˵Ự
Ƕĺá
۵ʳסУգ
ֻ꣬һ֡
ҳ㽫Сϣϻٲ򿪡
ӲŰд־ģҲ֪Щʲôĵ¡
ֱдɫŸ±ʵƣŤͷͼ˯ʮ𣬱Ӿɳű˯ˡ
˳Էʱ򣬰ȥ˵ĲշС
ҲǺȰ࣬ԵС˶ԲȥͷļѼСˡ
ˣ¸ͷôգôôɡ
Ҳá޲ôܿЩߵ£պЩûУ
ʱҲΣû뵽λȥˡ
ǶеѼüͷҪҪ˰һվջס죿ôôɡ
ҡͷ㲻ЩҼ޵ǵʱһ·⻹ΣҸҡԽ˵ԽЦҲ˼ҿջڰס졣
иϴȰ˵´ȥʱ˴ֵöతܲΡ
ЦţÿӼ̵ƣǵ¸ͷЩ˵׼ѾͷǳθҲ̹Щ
ͣʱż߶Ѿͷ´ȥ
ѾͷǶñż׳ļҶںͷһͷͣȫǹٴͷߵСڳĹӳʳҲྻɰ
˺ײƻо¥Ǳõĸɫġ
ྫʢУ¼ĺĸ÷⣬иõĲУɫĶð
ӣǿ쵽³ˣÿ³ҪڷǰྫέҶĲС
ЩѸɸɾϻ˲ɴԽ򼸸ȥԡ
Щʹӣø˳ʣС¨¨ҶţҶһӣҡ
Լǽͷһӣңˮ飬Ҫȥ
ǸСдոնˣûˡ֦ϸģԵҲȡ
СţǹصûˣҪкõģٸ
أ˾ˡ
մŲСԹӻصϣûһ˵ӣ
͵ǰʣǸСŪģѾˣʹü죬һ
ӣһ¨񣬻һβ㡣
Ǹڹٴģ˵ǹүѣ֪ҵĴٷġ
ѣ
Ը
ȥʣڴϵʲô
ûһ˻ɫܲÿٷˣڴ˵մޣүλСӡ
ԩ·խ
ⶫջǲգ
ȥʲô
Ѿˣǰҿ˼ٽΣݸĹԱ´磬ûȥЩԱͷˡ
ͷȲͬ·ǾͿЩ
ҴһˣڴԵׯ԰ס˼죬͸ȥŶ档Ҷ£ˣҲܵѿ
ȥУͰ͵ǻðЩʳ͵ȥ
Щĵ׳ɣЦˣһŮ죬ôҲϴġ
ٷ˵ǡ
ʹ˽ȥܿðЩʳʳ͵ԵĴϡ
ϴȥרлӹˡ
ڴԶԶһȿʻĴϹŵ죬֪Ḯپ졣ü΢ѵڴ˴
һƳͼӴ
ͷñһ۾֪
ŮӲ㶼Сֻ½飬͵˴¡ӣңǡɱ˻
ԸŴĿζסӰתñҲѰߡ
ڴڣȻ
ԽѰԾԽĶϧҪͷܰŪߣǳԸ
֮£ͷӣ͵Ḯϡ
ŸĻʱӴгˣɲЦװ͸䵭үʹˡ
ʹˣ
ٷˣүʹˡ
ԻǴˣӣҾʵģ;Щƫƫһ㣬Ҳ˴Ե⡣
ŶҸ͵ʲô
ݳεļǶѾ˴ȴذϴӽڵ߹ǶһȦ׺ë
͸ģǸֻӣټҶס


213 
Ȣ

ȷʵΪ˹, ĿĵҲһûȫ½䱸
˵ԽǿߣԽ, ôǰ˶, ҲҪ´
ʮֵľôڴͷβҹѲߡ
ַԸѾͷǲҪܣʲôҪõĶ, Ҳҡ
ڴ, ɲǽˡ
һˮزշ, ʽ㣺ʲô, ôٷӣ
һʱûס룿֦Ҷ, ־󸣶ӣǲӣˣٷԼûãȫˣһ, ûȥЩ
, Щʹմմͷ˶
ϵϲɫһˮӣҽ˲շ
ݶڴϣһͷɢڽǰ, Ӹ첲ȫڱˮ, ϸϸЩûУӣңҪҪ
ݶҲ֪ԼôεôԵ˶ˣֻͷ۵ôˣ
, ͷĿǡ
Խʮԣ¶, ͷܲסԭװֵ, ż죬նЩ
óЩ࣬ȳӣңˣȼڡ
Ҫδݶ֪þôչˣݵϵĲˮ´õģʹӣǰŶȶҲǸߺá
бѣδ麹˴ëͷȥɹ
һˣչ˵׵
ԭֱչ˲ٷˣ㾹ݽ㻹ϸ¡Ҳչʱʳˮ
ʳˮͲ
ݶڴϣһ춼óԷˮôԶ
ôãҲ
ݶۻˣ֣չңҲóԶ˰ȥ
ݶӣңһţʱʵĹӹȻһ֪ǻ˽
ЩʵúܡҲõöˣȥĽǣٿǶҪҪ֡
˵ˣǹչӽ㣬
ãƴȥ룬ͷȥ
ɫѾˣߴŵƻǰҲԶԶȥĴͺƹҵƵĳߡ
ҹ𣬸ҹ֪Ӻδݡ
ɫһݣŲסҪվס
ٿر˷һѣӣңҡҡλεĻΪҲδˣôˣҲˣ
ˣôˡ
ǿЦЦոն׾ˣһʱûվס
ҽղ˵⽣ܲ´һ룿ͷϰʳ̯ӵĶ⽵ģ۵ģм׳ըȵģ˱ǡ
ǲɡĴ֣һãǹԸ¶ȫհ죬Ըˣ°˶£˶´
ҧŴһࣺɽòԸˡ
üΪѣǡҪ
Ϊʵʱ򣬽˵ʹȥ˵žշܣĿѾ
˵ݶ⽣ЦˣаҲøȥȥѰϿŸɾĶ
޷⽻ȥݶʣ˵ôĶѽ
㰮ԣæġʹˣӣ˼մ޲롣
Сӣǳ롣
ڲУιһһ׳⽣ݶ˰룺ҲԣģͷҲʡ
ЦŰˡ
ű򣬶
ÿôӵʱݶҲУûϸôӵģϸɫ
šһɾһɰգô̶̵ģ
ЦˣͺÿˣǸģлΪȥ⽡ָҴҴӣ˯ա
ڶһ磬ڴձߴˮʱʱĴһۣˣͷ
㣬Ҹˮ
˸Ƿôô磿ûɢء
ҽˣҸˣ硣ݶȷʵ࣬ϴͷ˵˯˼죬ͷ壬ܵúܡ
ŴڰߣϽϴͷȴˮѵˣǵѾͷģҲʮնûϴͷ
Ҫ⽣ֻµ컹ȥЦӯӯóƯһҴģ¡
ϲЩһЦְӸϡ
㣬ǲǾҪˣ
ͷɲԭ˵ͣ죬Ƕõò࣬ŸϽȥɢ˾Ϳˡ
ͷҲã絽簲
˵״⿴򰶱ߣҹԵĺȵģһͷϴûʹʻġ
ǽܳһ䣬黨ģϽ
һ۱㿴סˣֲ֬ڵúܣܵʡ
΢΢һЦǳŴûȥϼ䣬ڴŽˮζлҲѬһѬ
ڼʱڻǶѰ£ƿÿնҪʻ˴ü춼ɫˡ
㱻˵ȥ顣
Ӧô
İգӦһѣŲţ
˵ˣȻ⶯ӲŸպЩ㻨ߣһؿҲЩ
ǻʲô˵ģʱŽ´ȥˡ
ҪͷֲȥҴС
ǵù۷Ըģ˸ɸû´ȥˣһһأûȫɢ
ʻһ͸շѾͷǣڽߣɢɢ
ϸѡ䣬ͷϣױա
ŹˣŽһûĻ͵﷿ȥ
ʣûУ
͹ȥˣ˽˰ӻࡣܳ»ʳǾͿˡ
Żʣ⻨ȥģûСˣ
ң顣˵ţЦһߵģѡӵġ
ԵͷôҶϴ÷Ҫˡ
ĴԸһȦصԼУŷһӲˣһǱСϵģŶ
ؿڣûã´ģͷûüװͭǮ


214 
Ȣ

һ˻ת, ĩ³ʱڵ˵ҡ
δǰ˱ƿ
ߵʱ, һô
δʱ, ֪ͷĽʲôģżһ, Ҳǵͷʲô
Ļؼ, ʵֻǻȥ¥ǼĴլӶѡ
, Ϊ, һ·ÿնҪ˵ЩСʱȤ¶ڼʲô, ô尢úǮԵġ
ʵǹģĻ᲻֪Ǻƭѹֻǽǳ˶ҪԶޣڼʱ, ֳıҪǺá
ĸ׵Ľ̵
ǻҲֻй, ܵǰһơ
ǼլӺǺլǰʯţƣͶҼǰ
ÿʱ, Ǿܵи¥, ٴһιҰֱɽµȥǵǿġ
öˣҲ˵ЩԼСʱȤ¡
Щ͵, ͵, ͵ľƺ, ˻˯ߣͷţճСͷ
˾ЦСʱôô򲻴㣿
Ҳǰ£ƻûأͻסˣȻ󰢹ͻ˵ף˵СʱҲôûٸɡ
㣡
ԽԽЦСʱ¶ʲôˣ벻ˡ
ԽҽԽǲ˵Ŵͣǰ
ӣͷվһ˽³С³̧ͷϸò϶ЩƴһҲʶá
Ϊ׵Ǹùã
ϸΣԪ޵ʱżǣȹ
ز
ҡͷ
ʮز
ĺӣʮ죬ѾǼʱˡ
ֶӵ֣أ
ĸǰĸҲڡ
һֻȷ˵ĸ첲˻ƿߵűߣһʱ
Ų尢˵ͷǰȥ
Ƶǰĸͷ׷ϣδĸס֣Ѿ޵ֱ
öǿϰŮ§ڻϸϸģʮޣʮ˲Żؼ
￴úòã
ôܺãûɷ򣬵ÿиĶӡ
˿һ̣ȥ߬ס֣ߣĸ
ʱ£ؾظĸ밲ͷ
ͷĵʮʵϣַѽ⺢ӡһ۾ͼ˫Ŀ鶯ʮ־񣬡úò
˹һɫˡ
ǻϱ
ĸ
ڹоɩɩദúãɩӱᣬСӳʱ˶껪áɩϵĶģ
ǰ飬ͷӰ˴׵á
ǷͰѹԭԺʰˣԭЩָӰ˵Ķ̧СԺ
ԱǸԺҲʰˣٷ˵ԺӾ
һƺԸģ˽УԵȡ
ӸڰߣʰӣѴĶһϣٴҪˮ
ǰͷһɢٷ˾ɿɿˡ
ʰˣҲȥԼһѡҹҪ˺ٷ˰ڽӷģҲôЩ
˵꣬ʣݶЩûУ
δ²ˣߵʱЩһȵ´ܸú˰գ
ǲã·һû£ͷѡ
һ곤ⶼˡ
Ҳ˴򿴹ڰߣѳеϴϴ֢˵δԭʡ
һλʣԴûʯͷ
ΪǶʯ֢ͣ죬λϴݶġ
ǻȷЧݶ˺ü죬·ûգͷû£ֻƵۡ
۾ˣ㡣
˫Ҳ֪ⲡòõˡ²ʱʱľҪ˶ݶȴûİ취
Ѿȥˡ
Ըģһ˵طȸ¥ҵĹһʣпҽĴ򣬰úøݶһ
ҪʲôҩҲй󲻹ҪҲš
ȥշݶһΣûžͼ£סٷ˿ȥôܵط
ζţݶָո¹
£ݶߣ򾿾ô˵ģ
Ƕ˵εġ
ݶĵϴ˵ζ֢ȵƽˣϼͻõġ
ÿޣ򣬵ƽػкþã취
ϴ˼ҩ壬̸Ѩ没˰ٻᣬڹأϹȡܼЩ֢״
ǿһ·ûùպϼ죬ֲ
˫ٷ˷ŷԸˣԤЩˮ
ǲҪϴ裿ʡ
˫ͷٷ˵ݶЩ͸ݶϴһϴЩ
Цˣ֪ˣȥأ˵ѾˡʱͷԸǳէ˼ҪôˮٷԸһ
ݶȷʵϴ裬εʱܣֻǿϴһ£̧̼ϳ³
Ҫ˷ҲѾʮûܺúϴ衣
г̣һ䲻ҲûУʱ飬յ¥Ҿȥݶӡ
õⱲӣΪˣҲˡ
˴βŵЩҷϴ衣
ֱҹɢ磬͵УŻط
·۳Ͷ٣ȴһҲˣѼСǸеǰˣ񷢺
˷ö࣬յҲࡣ
ĸϲͷؼϱָͷָӣŰֶԱϱ˵ǿɲף۸ϱͷؼ
ĸŮ˯һ飬˵ɩɩȰסˣͺúЪЪޥﶼһˣ˯ð
ŵǣȺúЪЪס꣬еʱ䡣
Ӱ꣬һֱ꣬ꡣ
˶ЦˣûϣЦݡ
ݣϽϲˮٷ˰գݣһ죬ͷͺˡ
ãôۡҪͷݶûУ
ˡ¥ĴǴΪҪǿ֢ģԺŹյƫ֪ǸСѾͷ
ϱԳ֮ɫϽһȥٷ룬˴һֱΣ˵طãúơ
ҩ׽ӹ⣬ϴһƺܺɫź
ǰʲôҩ
һſھͰֱÿֶҩҪҪ
λϸ˿ҩζ֢ܿҩǼζ񣺡һˣúܡ
ҪҩҲʳȥͺõÿЩ
˵ҪʳСѾͷٲҲЩ⼦Ѽ˲ûУаգ
ģСѾͷƲ
˫¶ϯϾƣǲǴţϡ
ҹݶͳѡ
˫㣬ҪǲˣٷҲô
룺㲻ҲĶȥ
ݶ齱ߣ¿ɫʲôֻ촽ס
ѳûУ
ݶ۾ﺬ᣺ˣⶫһСѣιһһȫˣϴϴͷúܡ
һЦͷֵǮֵǮ
ָݶɢĳϷ
ɫ΢䣺㡭ʲôʱʼͷģ


215 
Ȣ

ݶ֪Ϊαɫ, ЩԭҲֻûôࡣ
ĸͷϲʮͷ, ֻӵö, ͼʮһʮ
ϴͷ, ԡҲ˺Щ, ԭͨͷ, , һøࡣ
Ҳ˵ˡ
ô˵ģ
˵Ѫ顣δ, Բ¶εǼգÿܺ㲻ˣʱȲȥ
Ǹ˵ĵ̫, ǳ˲ҲܳɽҰ, ǳѣ
ݶˣʱģһѾͷ, ʲôʱʱѲ
û, ҹͶ
ݶΪǽ͵͵˹ѣŵˣ㣡ôܳϽ˻ȥ
ҪƣʧְѶˡ
ЦˣΪ͵ģǸӰǹԸģİգǴĶ, 㲻նܳ, Ҳܸһء
Ƿ͸ǹ, ϺõģˮģҺôĹɲ¡
ˣţ飬ǹ﷢˭Ū
ݶԹԺˣ˯˰ʱʱɫѾǽõġ
򴽣Żʣһ·Ҳգʲôʱʼͷģʲôʱ˵Ѫģ
ǵɫΪǵڹĲ顣
ڴϿλ˴λǵˡҩһλ𣬾˵Ѫ顣
ǡһû£
ʸ֮⣬򶼻ºòãɫΡ֮ǰǼλȫζ֢εģֻнλʹ¡
ţӦǴҲ붪¥ôˣ濴˲ġ
ǰλҲֻлĵλϴҽԸЩ
ҵһ׼ġݶЩ죬˼ù֪Щ
ҵ¶һչˣһʣʲô˼Ҫ˵ϸЩҪ򲻺ãٻһҽ
һҪҽͷվ͸ɾ˵߰ա
ֹǸĵϴ˼룬źõġ
ٷˣҽĲô
˸һۣݶ֢״Ĳ֢ʵ̫ˡ
ڴϣ͸÷֡
һʼҲͷֻۣ֢״΢ˣǼҹû˯
ֻҪ˻ʳͻ£Ƣθ˻
ȻѪ顭ֻʱ˺ܾúܾãݶһѾ첻ֹĵز
ӱݶǿöࣿƽԵĺȵҲ̲Ķû
̫ҽ˵ҪǲƷˮһȥֻֻ̫ҽ˵Ӿմ˵ͭӣﵹˮǹҲ治ס
ȥյҿɫ
ʱȥõơ
ʱݶһԹʲôǰûԹĳʳùʲôǰûùĶ
ݶˣҡҡͷûУѰЩ
ԷҴһԵģѾͷзˡ
õľ͸˵ˣǮֻйյʱ򣬲ŻЩ
ʱҡͷϸ룿
Ҿϴ֮ʼεġݶȫ벻ϣһ۸⣬ǼҲȫˡ
˵ǳԻ£Ҳܻһ°ա
ҲòԣʲôԵĶݶ֪£ιһ£ǾƽõĶ
ǡڴʱŵƽˣѵƸ鵽ߣʰٷ쿴գҽĶã
ⶼһˣǲãۿŽһȥȴһ취ҲûС
ٷýʱѣһһι£ûһ˯˹ȥ
ڴǰһŽãȻᡣҪ޳ʱֽסԼ졣
ʱ۾ٵŽҪҪһյƣ
ˡϸݶɫǿο֮ʣãҽ
̫ҽβҽҲϡ
ֶݶ䣺úЪţϸӣż
ЩԭǱ˰οĻοݶ
ݶû;ͼ޳ȥˣĻý֡䱻ǻҲ£ݶ˸ǰԺС£ӹò
ʱʱ԰ӣҲá
ÿܸˣݽܲ٣
Ӹڰһֱû˵Ųʣôˣⶼ̫ƽˣҪһֱ̫ƽȥǲû£Ҳƽƽģô¶
ȥ顣
ӦһŰԸ¡
飬Ҹ
Ӿ֣ҸҸ˵ĸ֣˵ģʲô˼
Ȼ֪ǹٸ鷸ʬģҲ̫ˡ
ĥīһ˵дż㽻顣
־ֻֻ̣Ըȥĥīֽ̿ʣˡվһߣ֪Щʲô춯ص¡
Ǳӣ쿴ˣÿһҳüѡ
ʮ֣ûд
ֱڣҲΪǲʵġҪȻôô೤Ķɺ֥Ϊ١
Ϊʲôö˶˵ģӾһձһղˣ
ܿһżдˣֽá
£һŸ飬Ҹ׵һֽ˳ˣǲǻΪʲôģ
ԽԽľּӲסֽ
֪£ڶôϵ˵ýȥݶ˵¥ҵ̫̫ôϲңףٵģһͼҪϸЩϼ칤
ݶŲŲ㷿
ӻǰһҲʡ
סˣ
ͷ¹һ顣
պãŵһһȥڶ¥ҵӣ
ٷ·Ը
ֱЦٷʲô¶ԸҲһģϷ˷ͷԸҪеʹӡ
ǿЦЩϵС¡
ŸǮĵҵٷǸ֪ģ͵ӡ
ӿ첽Ժ֪ԭѾ´ɵϣϽ´¡
Ĩ˰ʰøɸɾűߡ
ٷʲôԸŻ۾ȴЦסӡ
⵱ĿЦЦȡ
쳤˶䣬ֻõٷ㰴дöȥ
Ҫͼӳ۾
סˣ⡭ⲻдŰգ
ӽֵݶĲãȥҽ˵ָָϵţŤŵߡ
ôţ˻Űż
صУ͵ƣΪӸдģСŷҿʲôʱдţ
չһ
ٷˣҪ
ӻȥʱ򣬰鶼ˣ
ˡ˼ͷΪʲôҪ
˾֪ˡô֣ıö࣬˯գкЩҪ졣
ƫƫݼʩչ
˯ϣýβУϻȡǱСᣬԼһҳ
֮ΪǾòǵƾͿݶ
ֲھǣȻڣҲ뵽Ҫʬ
ԼԼⲡ֢ʲô


216 
Ȣ

һҹû˯, ʱͷɵģ컹δ
û, Ҳ֪ȥ¶ûС
ǳէ, زģô
һߺ˼, һ߻ϵ, Ҫȥˮ, ־òԾ
ỽһ
š
ӼߵҴ, ӽҿͼڴ, ԭѾˣȻһ
ˣǸû˯
ˣѵЩ˵ѣһҹδ, ȥһߡ
áӴҴϴͷ, ͷδɢȥһ·СŵԺȥû˸С˵һͳȥˣĪ, ٷ˷Ը¶, ӽڰ졣
ӵͷлˡ
صԺУߵ¾˸ôô磬ȥĶˣ
¥լһƬͷĴ, ÿ峿ããһƬ, լ
ӷߵü, һ£ͷ˿ϻմ顣
ЦģûЦҹͷԸҸһȥߡ
飺ǡȱ
ôЩûУ
ЦˣѾ࣬źˮԶλ˵ģ˵ؾͺˡ
ǾͺãƣǾͶˡ
˵ƹȥˮϴ
ŴƼҵ˸һ㿪ڣüͷҡͷôɣչҽŷšŲ鷳ǡ
лҪɸ㡣
½½Ӵ洫ͷģŲҲúչ˵ġҪüøϸϹסҲҪ鷳˵ĵط
Ʃգ˻ûһ죬λˣﻹϵӣȵСǳԾģ˵ǲǣ
¥ҵǷģɲ͵ӿ
ֵͷȥҶ֪ǽд
־ԴǸ˵İݶչˣѽдǰͼ㿴᲻æ
⵹棬ӣæûҲһǿŰæּٷ¶ǸǸͿǵġ
֪ˣʰ
ʰ巿Ǳߣйֱֲ۾ȥȥϹ׵СҲԤˣ˵ܾϸЩЩ
ͷʮ٣֣ɺ֥ʲôģһģߡ
˵ޣֲùҪƽأǽһ˫֡
ӣѾδӦоС
˾ЪЪֻǼ˭о˭㣬ҪæԷڵǰ
ЦŰ¶źˣȥػ
Цúãһæǲ˭Ҫһ֡øһ˴š
ǵȻˡôһ壬øһҲ岻
ܿ˴׶˵ҪҩѾúܺˣʵûʲô©Ҫ
¸ܾܾҪҪչ˽㣬Ʊæң˽Ĳ顣
ǡҲŲˣ˯巿ȥҴʰѣý㻹ס
ϰ⣬㡣
ŸʱչݶѾӶ򵥣ͷͣÿֻճҪõĶ
Ӻܿʹѹһ飬ȥЩǴеĶ
Σͷ֬ӣǸ﷢Ķ
ȫϸ
ţӰõһģһͷҶŹˣһ
ȻһһһѶϻװǧϸЩǿ
һأһҪ޹أ
ӵͷá
ǴﶼеĶֱ߾ֳɵģһһ˳ȻΣκӶǸ﷢ġ
ÿػһݶڴ϶û
絽ϣѾݶճõĶ˸飬ϻ͵Уȫˣ¥ָǵۻƷۣҶЩ
Ҳˣⲻ϶ڣ¥˱嶾ҽڷһ顣
ܺãһҪݶ֢״òãǵ顣
֪Ǹյ˵أز죬ҪҸɿףôҲѾ
£Ҫ¥̽ЩϢֲ¥֪ܵͷȥ¡һˣյ˵ؾҪɡ
Ҳ֪û˿顣
¥ҵҲûϹÿնҪ˵Ϸȥ
̫̫˵֣ʱͶʱǴ裬ʱľ䡣Ļһһ࣬ݺк¥ҵĽǶڿߵĵطǧ
ڼʱණ
ЦˣĶѽÿһ棬ءˣһؼһʱֻصе¡
ŮԶޣŮɥżɿġ
ҹŮһ˯ʣҪҪأ
˹˵ûУ׶ϱƲҡ
Ļ᲻֪Ůô˵ΪùߺߵģҲԼƼһƪʫͰԼȥҪͼĻʮżأ
ͷȥˣϼҴܵ߻ʵԶƫ޵Ǹߣ˵ʲôˣʲôôڼతˣ
ֻÿЦ᲻֪ʱ֪ʮСЩʫ飬˵Ϸģ͵鰮дϷˡ
һ𣬵ֲࡣ
֪ŮǺģ޳ȥӱزùĨ˻ᡣ
ʣͬϱòã
Цúϲ£ڣãءѶôȢ˵ĸ
Ҳ֪ŮѶϱ˼ôһӣܸϱúãȻá
ϵڶվСǶѺóԺúȺĶȫóǹùûǾǹ꣬ѧ档
õģͶСʱͰٷˣҪø첲ɾ˱ȵù
ľʮֻҪذѺʮšȫ򵹡
֮󣬳϶ºֵġ̰ġ¥ҽ֣ǲô򣬷ˡ
ֱЦŮ֣ϱ治佫ҳŮ
˵⣺ȻģھУҲûӮùѰˮȥ÷ҹ¸ĸס
˵˵󣿡
ʰˮ
ҡҡͷᡣ
ЦˣǸѧŴǺҲһģСʱǿˮĺ֡
ģ
ʲôͷĳˮȥڼѧˣСѧˮ
£ֻǺ̫̫ѡôһƣ̫̫Ҳں
˫Ϊˡ
ĿһЦˡ
̫̫ŰģĶŮϱֵúáʲôʲôǶҪŵͷʹ˾֪ĺòòҪġ
ϱסӾͿסˡ
̫̫˼գǱϢ
Һҵ˾úܣҲ˵Ҫ֢״Ͳٸ˵
ʵ
ʲôǣĥ˺üգѳӣ÷ȫá
Ĳ÷˺ܵ
ԽԽĬڱϹмܶԵϡ
ר˰ӣ˰ӣһۣһ
ɫ֪˵ѡòȫƭһǴ˼ҵ׳棬Ǹ˲Ҳʲôá
Ͽ鼱ˣԩϾȻһ
˵ʮĶʬɴûƹ겡״ſڣܶԾǷ񼲲£Ҫж顭
ܿʬȻãûʬͷҲС
ϻӶϸϸ
ƿͷ


217 һ
Ȣ

ƿͷ, ѾȫȻ׹
ͷݶ֮󣬾Ǹġ
ͷʮϸ£ݻҪϸЩһʮѵͷ, ӵʱЦôһ¶, 㵹ܵͷͷˡ
ÿùˮ̹ë, ʸ, ϵˮͷʪ, ˾ͱë, ̩ͨ
ǴᣬȻС, ӡ
üˢһСӣ鷢
ô鷳ڳԴϴӲǸ鷳ˣˡ
ɸЦˣٷô, ʱͷ, ʲôأ
ǰʲôأ
һʱôȲܴӣֲ, ҲҪġĸǶҲյ밲, ܲһٰʮĻ԰Ӱգ
һ翪ʼŷĥʱ䡣
õͷҲǸģϵȵģĺûϳͷ͡
ò, ᡣ, ζ½, ǽ𣬶Ҫȡˮɻ
õܰǾޱޥ֮࣬ӦоС
ڲУҲָͷٷ˾ǲţҲܶ棬ܽһ⣡
һԺ̧ͨ
ᣬŭΪͷȫǼٵġ
ʱķ磬İָⷢ
鴹ڰǰǹ˵龿ǲǣҲףҸã֪ˡ
¥һܱܿ˵ĵطס
լŮЪ֮ʱٺĸͤͤ硣
³ʯͤԶլԶɽ΢е̵ػݺύ
ٷòŵ̧ͷͼٷĿͶԶŨƲϲŭ
ȥһˡ
ǡ
鲢Ծȴ£дŶȫҪүġ
ֵµõļ
һͱ֣׳࣬˻Ҳ
΢΢ףȥ˵Ҫκ¥֪ϸ
ǡ֪֮ǰ°ã뿪ͤǰһۣлҪ˵
ӻͤУź棬סŲȥ
ȥաδͷ
Ӧһ󼸲ߵʯͤŵɽУû£
ӻҪʲô䡣
ЩߣЩŭʲô£ƿͷǡѹݶӸĹӵóġ
ƿӸ﷢һģһΪͷûãҲУûȥⷿµģһƿ
УӦһƿ
֪ٷҲ˵ˣһ֪Ӳģʱˣôʵģɱ¶μ
Ӱһֲۣɵչݶ˵ƿͷô㣬ǲǷͷ͵۸
ݶڴϣĽⶾҩһ߳һߵĶأĲһģǷž˾ûô㡣
ḮѾͷӣ˶Ҫͷ͵ģÿࡣ
ʹõĶǴһȵĻɫݶٷģⷿȻϵȵġ
ݶ˵껹üͷ㣬ҩôǰĿôࣿǲǸҩˣ
ʱӹͷɲ˸ҩҩһ룬Ǿˡ
ǵǣҹҲ˯úˣԭڴϵʱһҹֻ˯ʱҩ˯
˯ˣԵ̲ȷǺࡣ
ѽҩȫˣ֪֪
ݶЦӽôҵӺء춢ҩ
ݶڳԵҩץҩ飬ҩӡ
ʣҩ˾ܽⶾ
ҡҡͷ
˵ˣöһ£ʱ˿ˣ׳ЩŮЩҲ֪ǴӺδҪ˽ⶾķʽǾ͵Ǿõġ
ֻԵķӣҪˣǸϽ׶ҽɻ
ûƱһ
ӲŲ鲻·̫ۡ
׵ϸ궼ǶҺģ԰ɶţû㣬Ҳûҡ
ʲô󰸣ͺα
Ҿлһʤ߼ͼģϸȥҪ˵
֪û¶ڣ˿ǧСЩ⵽ڱ˼Ҫʲô㡣
Ӻ֪ˣ⴬ȥ
תҪߣ˻㡭ͷˣûţһƿ¶
֪᲻ЩѾԶˣŤŤ˰Σ¶յɰ
ʯͤУ紵۷ɡ
ΪʲôҪ˭ָʹġ
Żٿһףը˶ߣϴֻ֮ǰŵס򰶱ʻȥ
һ
ǰʱһƬããˮʯͤˮ絹Ѱʪ
¥ǶЪΣ԰еҲֵöУ԰ﾹڡ
Ӽðͤм䣺վЩ㶼ʪˡ
ţȴֲҡ
ŪѾʵˣǲΪүûдŸŸյ¥ң˵׼Ż;Уٵȵ͵ˡ
ô
ΪΪʱ㿴
һ˫۾֪Ҫʲô
ָ̧ߣͼԶããˮ䣬ֻӴССۣûܸϴ꽫֮ʱʻߡ
ʱڿǰС
ĿǿȻСϵĴŴˣˮǱ˴ڴϡ
ˮԾ㣬סԼʹֻһ
ӿľС۲סҡμҪ˰գ
̶Ƭ̣ԶȥƮɽͷƽգֻҲٵƷһƽ
ԣòųʹ죡
磬꣬Ǵˣʹ죡
գգۣ֪˵ʲôǱ˸͸ʪʹ죿
ֱȫȻͣˣ԰еٳת߰գǻȥ
ӦһССڰ
صԺֱ߶䣺ǵģĶ˸͸ϽͷҪѬѬͷ
֣Լɡ
ԼɣٷһͷͷǼʶģѬѬѬʱͷſӣô򻨵á
ѬʱӲͣᣬ˲һ
Լɡ
ûһʹСѾͷٷˣѾ˴ͣլԺͷʲôʱҪöС
֪ˡͷץ˰ǣָСѾͷץ˰Ǯ
ôٷҪѽ
΢΢һЦǣȥģϸգ廨𰾻۾


218 
Ȣ

ڶ, 밲ʱˣ̫̫˵Ķɽȥһ档
⼸ϷʮֺŰģҪʲôʲô
һ˵ҪδЦˣд󴬣ǰǸʰ, վǶ, һϴȥͷۿ
궼Ҫ, ¥ҵĴ󴬾ͲڲԶ
ЦˣǶû˼, С۲Ȥ, ڳʱû
һǰ, ĸ׵ɵȥա
ڼʱ, ʱһ㣬ȥɽϵǸ, ѩ
ʱпֵĶ
Ϸ˵ͷǾóϽЩС˸ȥ, ɽϻа£úܣҲ˴ȥȵڣ, Դ磡
ЦŴӦ, ¥ҼýпΣȥ棬ֲᡣ
ǿ쵽꽫Ҫ޵Ůˣ, ѾСȥ档¥ҵĽǳ̫̫űпҲ֪²
л, ʳ, ̫̫ˮļҶӹ
ԼСٷ˵徻
ˡץһӵݹȥٷ˾ֻӺ͸鳤ף徻κ
Ǳ𿿵̫
ģ̺ˡ˵ȥͷԤ
ȥ̫̫ˣһȸϹաֳһյѣˡ
Ըģ㶼˼ˣûЪ칦򣬲Ҫġ˵ֵ죬󴬡
ŵͷӴ¥լԺĺȥͷ
ͷ͵Ǹ¥õģһƬˮլÿҺŶͣǷլеġ
˵СʵڲֱסΣСۿöֻ࣬Ȳϻ󴬶ѡ
滹һôĵطٽλġ
ëȻҪƭȥ˵ˣ֪ûӦֳ
ЦһҪչ㣬ҪԺУܲһҲûаգ
ƳɫԣֿʱʱƳ
˱˴⣬㲻»أҸЬӡ
ʻģղԾϵĲȾˮţٷһӶû
鳤ڴ⣬ʻĴʱҲȥˣöû
Žգš
Ȼûиٷ˵ദ
̧ͷͼһ˫۾סɺһǿЦٷˣʲôԸҪҪԾƣҸٷ˲˰ա
㲢
ͬ˵ϴĵһ仰
סɫȻʲô
ǳϴ֮ǰݶͷˣʰʱ򣬿ǡɷƿûùġ
һڲС
û˵ϴõľƿͷͣͷΣŻ£ȻԴһۣ۵²˴
Ѫɫȫޣһ֮סҡͷȴһҲ˵
ҽΪδ£ֻ֢״Щ
򰢱
ð˵ҾŲԣѾͷжͷġ
Ⱦҽ㣬ʲôҲ֪
˰űߣסͷ
ûһͿƤһƬѪɫ
Ȼ֪޹ġҪȻô޷ƿͷͣһ㣬סһΪʲôûã
ƿӶһģӦǽ֮󣬵
ڵϣβֿޣҡҲáԴӰƿͷʹٲκһƿͷ͡
˭ģ˭ĶĿʲô
ʣߵǰƿ
ڵϣҧס´ҧ촽߳Ѫ֪ʱ˿Ѿûʲôġ
԰˵ˣܾܲȾҽ㣿
˵ֻǿ
Ӧǵͷһƿͷ͵ξ͹ˡ
غ㲻֪£ֻ;Ѱͷͣһξù
ףӺһϡ͹˲ò֢Ӷ꣬βã
ݶ֪£ڴϴͷͷ͵Ĵֻ࣬Σ㹻زˡ
гһҩȲҪ˵˵ʵ
Դⴵҩ紵Ŵش춯
ֻҪָһɣֽͻᱻˮ棬Ӱ
Ŀֽ
˭
ǿһй̱ڵأĹ


219 
Ȣ

ǡ
귴ľɵ, ɱ˸ɾŮǷŵȣеûҴͥΪūеĳټ, еķΪū
˵ʱֻ⻮, ͽ˵ˡ
븸ĸֿûҴͥΪū, Ҵͥʱչ, µ̫, ϴǵѡ
ϴ˰µ, ָֻͷ׵úܲ
⻹۵ģ۵Ͽѿ, ÿϴʱҪҧӲֽ̣ܽڳС
и˽㿴ԼӸãԼá
ϴ, ֻЩѵʡơ
ĸл˽, Ǹ˽Ķһ⣬һ̾ͺˡ
ӴһԷλҲһ, Ҳǹ¿, ˾Խơ
ʱ򣬹Ҳ±䷢ĶӲһ㣬ҲԵ
˽µ
Ǿ仰Ķһ, һ̾ͺˡ
, ˽һ, ˹¹ŮЦӯӯ§סǽõӣⲻͶùˣ
ˣȲҲҴͥб־Ͳ㣬һһ
ģǽ˹ںУһ˿ƻҲʳˮ۷ʲô£ȹ˵
ϴƽУӴűߣͷ͸ɵûҹѼָ
ڰ֮Уϣ֨֨Զ
һҲ˯ÿÿۣ;жë޵Ķβʹȥ
Ĵţ󡰽㡱ųȥǸԵĶϷһĽ㣬û
ڶţûҷ
˽§һ̣˸СģͲˡ
ǸҹһСģ͵͸Ӷ᲻ã˽㿴˽һۣЦˡ
ûܵһСģ
ϴ£ճܸŹŮùǣȥ͵ĴŮϴõѡ
ŽѸ̫ȥ̫
һʱ㱽һ
Ǿֱ߹˻ȥŻȻ򸣶ϲȴ֪Ҿ澡
ǿסᣬù˵仰֪ĹûȥټҲ˹ˡ
ţɫĶˣĹòô
ﻹڼʱЦǡҴʱҲѱΪǱǻûжס

ҡҡͷù¹ùô㣬ҽ壬Ĺܰ
ܰ۵СĹﾹϽô֣
֪¾ӱزùҲ֪˶Ӵ㣬Ҳ̫ȥͰˣ̫ĳãǶǼõġ
ǵȵʮܷ꣬ų̫˵ˣһ䣬ǲԶġ
ÿÿʱĹһô쾡˵ִ
ﳼŮܷųȥ
ﻹףĹƢֻǻƢֻ
Ƣĸİգ̫ܰ㻹Ϊʲôۡ⹬һ䲻۵Ļ
ԸΪܰʮ꣬С˵ȳȥҳȥǡ
ԴãǶڹ㡣
̫иȻһΰӣ̫ûŮҲΪûŮŻʺŮ̫ʮݵġ
ԵĴİƷ׹񣬾ûһ㵡ʱʱТ̫ǲƷϣڴȰӣÿնȻ
ʱн죬԰࣬
죬ϻʧǣˮײ
ĹƿţһˣʲôҪҪģǽ㻹Ϊ񣿡
վͷԼ˭ҹӣͨȥټҲҹӡ
Ĺԭڼʱ¡ĹﲢûϲṫӣֻǸˣֻҪõġ
ȿ޺Цǣҳˣ͸ˡ
һǺˣĹûá
ⰲûܸã̫ˣЪʱ˯ڳϱۣû
̫Ļ́ǣ빬ͣ顣
̫̺ĹǶһ£빬ȥΪ̫ɥ
̫޶ŮŻʺԪϱ䣬̫硣Ԫˣͣʮգ̻硣
ǱδйĶ䡣
Żʺ;Ԫ۶빬¹ǱҲ㡣
иӵʱϳĹ
ƷҪȥ̫Ĺˣ˹̫ǶһҲҪųеģи㡣
˵ӣ̫ͷ
ʱʱ㵽빬ĹͶԭȢ㸸ôҵģôҡ롱ŵģ㲻ң뿪ط
ԭǵޣ͵ůŵͨѾͷ
Ĺû§סһ̣ôֽţǻعȥ취
꣬ˡ
Ĺ䣬ȥĹбһţ컬ţ³ȣѪԡ
Ҽ鷳Ťͷˡ
̫ѹŲ̫ҽĲ֢ԽԽأҪʱһֱŵĺҶĹϡ
лҶȥ˼䡣
Ҳãˣûˡ
Ź˳һ£ɥŮһأȻҪʵġι̫ҵҲٰĹߡ
Ĺ߿ޱ߿ޣ˭Ҫ㵱
̫̫Ƕϲúãйࡣ
ĹڱǼӹڡ
ɾôСĽ㣬Ϊ飬衣
֮Ҳͣ빬Ĺһ£˵Цǰ
̫ߣ㣬ԶԶЦЦĹ
Ǹ˭ֻ֪֪ӦǸȨƵĴˣƷҶ˵ͷ㡣
ҪʱĹվ׷鹬⡣
СҸȥ֪Ĺ׷ȥʲô֮ǵֺùˡ
ﱻⰲᣬ̫Ĺǣɥйųȥﳼ֮ŮҲ⿪
Żʺ󻹷һϹˣǰӡ
ǳ죬СಽĹ
ǸճţĹ͵С֪òøȥȥҪȥĶ
Ĺ޾޿ڣǰû·ˡ
Ĺƿ
ϳȥ˳ׯ԰֪λմޡ
޴˰Ǹͽĥ
Ѷһ죬Ĺĸһ㡣


220 
Ȣ

ǵˡ
˵Щֻ˵ǰ, صŰʽ˴޼֮¡ãȴֻ˵һʲô
δ壬۵۰, ݼ̧ͷ
ͼüĿ, ˪ǡƷ
ǸңԶĶ, Ҳǰ°ˡ۴ϯϳ, ͬ˵, ʱжи˴˽, ŵɫ԰ס
һƳת
ǸӦ
, ǰûǮΪ̷ġɡתټʱԵĹ̸˵Ц
һ, װʶ
۲Ǽװʶ
ֻǡֻĲǵʲôģˡҲǵ÷ϵ, һʼֻǵðĹλ
ǵˣ۱ס
ȥȪȪ֪֪, ִܷܲš
Ȼأڵʡ
, Ȼ󡭡
ΪӻĹᵱ޴˵ļ檣Ϊλºӣһֱ̺Ĺ
λ˵ĺԺ, ŮˡĹһͬ, ߰, еģеġ
ǿ֪ͬͬα޹޴˵լԺС
һԺǾͶҩҩںһ룬˵Ƕ˰գ˲Ű
ʲôҩиôʣȷʵüŸҵ淢ʡ
Цˣҩͷһ»Щڶ¾ԭһ㣬ⱲӶûա
ȾЩŮģ͵լ־˺󻼡
вϺȵģҲǿ͵һԺѧĩȴ͡
Ĺ۾ûգ߹ȥҩһֽУóҩ֭ͷָ·ҵģ
ǻ໻˸ɫ֪һλСĹ﹧˳ӡ
ųʱǸȥһݾĨ̴
Ĺڴߣ⣬֪ǲڶ˵ĳѾˣҪȥ
ɵʣôȥ
֪Ĺ׷ȥ죬޴˶˵òŮкܶࡣ
ңõŮˡ
ԿһǻʣһԺ۾ЩŪߣΪ׷
ףȥҪá
ׯ԰Ůǣøͬ
ĩһȵǸйõģЩŮĿ죬ȥҲ죬׾ˡǿһЩĻϱݣǿһЩĻᱻ͵λԱĸϡ
ĹҪõˡ
֪ӴϢδݣʡ
ͷ̫ĹŮùý̵ġĹСʶ֣黭ͨ빬֮˵ֹĹ˲ͬ
ǸŮùÿʱ軨ӵıдЩʲô˹Щ͸ˡ
ĬĬᣬǹŮùñǵ˵ģҪдҲðѲصЩ
ǰĹŮǣԼ̫֡ǿʶ֣ŮȴܣҲԼİ취
Ȧû䣬ó߶ߣഫš
Ůùý̸Ĺ⡰Ů顱̫ˣ̸֣
޴˵ˣʾʾˣüնûٵĹ
ʱĹ˵á
޴ЦŶ
Ĺó˿ָ䴩أɼϼӣݸ
һۣɿܳȥժ֦ºɻ
޴ϣ£Ĺеߣ˵˾ʲôĹִӣݸ
ڶܳȥ˻һ
Ĺｫ˫ʱ޴˿ĿԭͬЦסͷȥߡ

ˣһʼֻ뱨ԵɱǸҡ˽ĳ֮ò
Ϊʲô
Ϊ̫үĲӡ
͸¶ģүү
ҡͷ̫ү̫үĹĸףĹһֱ֪
Сڹٻ֮ң˭˭ף˭˭оԹ˭˭ʵ֪һ
ĹǱӵϢ޴ĸס
ֳǵµĹĹĸ׻ڽ̷˾С
Ϣҵү֤֤ʵ̫үȷʵôӣҾ˰ߵļֵ
޴ȥˣ˵˽˽̷ûŹһ¾ˡ
Ǵ㺦ҵģ
һ顣
ʲôʱͷͣ
ȻѾ˿ڣЩȻסģ˿Ǵ޴ˣǡĹ
ʶģҲûӵԵΪʲôأ
ˣӦĹ˵ġ
ĵ׶ôģ͸ˣṫӱһ˫ԧ졣
ȣĹﲢûṫȢ˭֪ȢּŮЦԭ̽ҲҪɫˡ
硣
ֱ޴ḮˣĽӵߣǱû˱ȸˡ
Բܾôͽ˴£Ḯи׽ڣûаվ
ҵĸĸ
ĹﱾΪṫȢΪ;֪֪
֪ʲô
֪չԪֽ򡣡
ʱ¶һɻ飺ô
˵Ĺ֪֮󣬵˵ͷùأּ֪񡣡ΪԪֽȻǼ
ƿͷҽʱʹģֻԸ
Ĺ֪ṫİӣɱġ
Բ˭޸ۣǶô
ͷҡͷ֪֪һˣǲĹͲᶯˡ
ò
֪¶ûл·ģĸҲû˻·ΨһĽ㻹ͷж
ʱĻ䣬̧ͷˮͱһԴơ
Ѱ
ֻǿˣһܻܻҲûʲôûġ
ʱ˾ͺˣҴͥʱ͸
δ㣬δʣȴһ
ˣ˭㣿ֻѰⶾķӣҪ㣬֪
øɾһձһ˥ǲ𴲣Ų˵Ȼֱۡоʧȥ
ޣĬĬ᣺ôң
Ҳ㣬Ҫ
Щ£ȸۣϱ


221 ؾ
Ȣ

֤, ͷ֤ݶܺߡ
Ĺдֽϣݵǰʶ֣
ͷ
Ȼʶֵ, ҪȻҲǱСᡣ
㿴һ, 黰ӡ
ֽ, л, ʲô, ᰴġ
ֽд˴뾩֮زŮ, ֮󣬰Ալ¡ٳŮܰ븣Ϊ, δŶҩḮġ
˵û黰ûһԡ
۵𣬴ûкӡţ֬, Цˣɫ֬
ҧָ, ָӡ
ֽ𣬸ŵٷܾҽô
ǸѰĽⶾķӣֻҪݽⶾԣҲܱûҪǿ
˸һ, ֪, ĵ׾жʹޡô˵ЩЦҩѾˡ
Ȼס
£ͷؿ, ϰʱ, , һ뿴ҽ㡣ϰ֮ҪѺģ󿴽һۡ
ȥ״ǲܻˣֻϣܻ

´صԺУݶ˯ѣܳôҲˣϽù¡
Ҫ𣬱Ȱסô
õöˣҩ֢࣬ͷҲࡣݶˣ۾ģôˣ
ЦˣȥδϷ󣬴ۡ
ǣϴô̰棿˵ŽͷָˣֻϹʱŪ˵ģǸ⣬ٺЩҾæ
룬һһιԡ
򰢱ڣݶֻСڳţΪԼùﻨǮЩӣʮˡ
ڣЦЦȥݶ˿
룬ţࡣ
Ķͷֽţ˯ůȣҴϱӣȥæ
ȥգϸЩ
ͷȥὫ˭ֻ֪ǽ巿С
䲻壬Ӿ֪Ѿȫˣٿһۡ
ôôõӣ͸ð
͸ʲộؽ
飺Ҳܻסôá
¥ң©˵Ҳˡĥ֣¡
ǡ᲻벻
ƶᡣŸ־ˣ֪ҩȫⶾϨġ
ḮݶȣͣһͶϵ˳ɻ顣
һСߵεģȵ·
ϣͲ
ص巿ֻ˵ҪϹڣ˷͵űߡ
ҪÿͲ˶˵һݶ¡
ܺˣ˴롣
µһȦͷΡ
ֻţһ
дţҲԤ۴뾡ᳵӣЩؾȥ
Ҫؾǵ£˻һ
ŵôҪߣ
ͷȥ
ü֣ʲô£ҲҪȵĸ˵Ϊź٣
Ǽ£Ҳ֪ǵȡֵˣܼʲô£Ȱٺꡣ
д±Ҫʱȥɣһ춼С
˵ţ񣺡¸ϵش󣬵ˣͻ֪ġ
ȫͷﻹʲô£ʲô²ܸ
˵Ҳܷȥ
Ѿ³Ǻߡ
㣡֪񣬵е⻹ͷһز˵ԭң
񲻳ɣɴ£˴񣺡һҪߣҲҪߣһһͬ취ڡ
˷Żͷۣ¹ͷɵ£
ǡ
¹£
ǡ
ǡԤô죿
ֻ鳤׺͸˶࣬ߣĸþá
¥ңҲһ취С˵ںţġ
ܿͲ˴˵ˣһ·۳Ͷ٣̥òȡ
ɰ̫̫סˣôãϽú̥
Ůɾôһӣͷ̥ͷ̥ˣҲѡ
ܿ찢ŲУ˵Ƣɵúúøĸģٱٴˣͷ£͸Һúţ
ѾͷҲֻӺС
˻ѾͷǶϲǮϷԽԽ棬ˣݶϲصҸСүЬ
˺Щʣ⣬ôסһӣ²ˣ
Цˣ尢գգ۶ûбġ
Ҳ̽ġֻҪ˵ӣ˵Ҫ̥Ҫ̥һ߶ҲС
Ǹأ
鳤׻˵ǻؼȥˣڣ˫𶼻ʡ
ҲзӣɽǼٷ̥ȣǾɸɵСѾͷȥڹΪ
ʮߣֵǮҲ˵ȥ
¥ⶼźˣ˶һ죬𴦶֣ȫͷȥ
һװ磬ѾͷģñѺϸɳŴӲ˳
ݳȥ¸ǱѾԤ˴
ᳵܿɳٷ˷ģߣʮվܵˡ
ס˫˫Źڲڡ
뾩ԽԽ˵ʳˮٽÿֻǿڴϣͷˮշСȴ
ɫ͸ս
ǸϴʱԲ̴¹͸յòշһ˪
Ը¾Ǽ֮һ˯ʱҪҹơ
ë˴޸֪ġ
ŮǶ˯̣ͨ˼ˣӲ¡
ȵ˴޸Ĺó󣬸ҲԼĵ䡣ҹ֪һ˴˵˯
ֻеŵʱ˯ţ´û֪
ЩڲշУȫĹš
ƫƫ磬ŨȥɫⱾֻͶСɫԽԽ񣬵ϵġ˪ǻһ㡣
ڴǲҶҲҳ
ֽÿ챻⿪ΣԷҹһҪġ
֨֨Žˮ˴˭˵ˮˮ󡣡
ˮӾϡ
ڸҧס´ͷײʱſˡ
վڲűߣ̨
ǹ鲻ƶȴɢݣӾ㱻
̶̨Ϸ֡
߽Ԥ뿪һҲû˵
ȴڰҪŵʱٷô֪ºڣ
İֻ֪ºڡ
İ֪˸Ϊʲôºڡ
ȴ𻰣ųȥ
ѾݵϢô԰Ϣ˼䣬ϢٻϢ
¶ӡ
ŵƻ𣬿İһŴŹӰӡ
Ĺ£ѧ˸ʮɣһ̣ҪЩʲô
¶ˣ
ôʱֻһĿ⿴򰢱ֵЦٷ˲Ϊ¶ܻգ


222 
Ȣ

˵, һ
ڵȰķӦɰ˵꣬յ, ϲ뿪
źü, ˮͷɿ, ʱ˳顣
ÿֻǷ·ʳ, ⿪, Է
̲סٷأ
ǲܲסˣܲסɷɱ˸޻֮Ѿͷ, ԶڲвҳҼһ¾жٲ£
鲢˷, ֽֽסϲֱ뿪
ϲţü̾Ϣ
Ҳ֪ҹ﾿ʲô, ٷͻȻ, Ĳţ֮ǲҪ
ÿм죬϶ɿʱͻͣ˰Ҫʳˮ, , źÿ
ǡͷ
ұһƥװؾҪʮգȥҹ̣߰վܵˡ
ܿϣô, ٷԼ·
ǳʲô, ǹӻƤ
ü, Щܲʮ겻ܴӳݴźֲĸ˱ǡ
⼸ϵϣҲҲ˳˳˾
տŪһװȡĹӡϣ߹ٵסվҰţ㲻ġ
ÿʮһ䣬Ӽ·վͶޡ
ǣٷȥ
һۣȥһ󻻳ġ
ˤ򣬱۾Ҳܷɽأ
ګګֻѰôܱȵٷˡ
ҪҪ㣿ǻ쿿װƥ
¶ӵϢѾȥ࣬ٵˣ
ڶգ鱸ƥװٷƥ£ϼ䡣
һУС
ٷϣͷҲᣬֻ첲һӡ
鵨ľŶѾͻȥˣ챣ٷ˱ȵǣ;Ҫǳôһӡ
˵үӾ͵ȰƤ
òؽס䳤ƫݡ͸ϿЩװٴ϶ңŴ󲽣ѰӶ༸ѡ
գվͳӡϽЪš
ýϳû꣬ϱ㲻ߣֻǻҳЩЬȫ˵ģ϶ÿͿڡ
վةһõӡǣЩŹ֣ǵطԶأɿ¶ӡżֲҵ
ʳˮдСֵʲôҪҪƣ
أҪѾ죬ѰֻѰſ죬Ȼ˼ޡ
ѹ˵
λαװܡةùŹ֣ҪҾϡ
ʳˮ֮ȥվеѲ죺㿴˲ðİգ˭еƭվǿɶлպš
ٷǶԵϣǵطǸʮǧ˸ӶŰ
ѲûƷףְ˴ˣڵʱվѲ졣
ŰԶԶͿţ⻰ةһۣͶ䣺ƣһǾˣٹܡ
Щµȶ࣬վҲܿأСվƥɻ
ةһ⻰ϽʳˮãȵƥСֵܣ㿴Ҫƥ
۾ûգһƥдϡѡ֣뿪
ԶˣѲ˿ھƵôһƾ֪ƥ׳⻹Ǿˣ
ة˿ҿ㣬λءǵҵģôŮ
̸䣬ȻԶȥ
һ·ϷɽˮƾŰĹٷպţվ㻻С˯ԭ߰յ·ֻ̣ƥҹ̣ʱ˾ǡ
ʱѾԶŻδ
ҹһΧڳŲԶŰ쿪š
뾩Խ̲Խϣû˿ŮӵݣСģǣƥԶЪ
Щ̸۾£ִӮʤ֮⣬м̸Щʫ
ֻ˵䣬㱻˺ȳ⣺ǶҪˣ
ƥû˯컹˰·Ͻӡˮеˮʪϴģûͳ˱˯˹ȥ
ſʱѰѡ
գ統ȻܻظƬֻ̣³ʱ
̶
³½ף˴ס
ͣϼ⽫ɫٷȾɫˣԵߴˣк£
õҼȾơ
ѧʿ̰ѷͻʡȥˣɽϻӳƴһͬŻؼҳԾƣȵ΢ѬŲƮƮġ
ڷţԪۻһŻʡףô̶ɥϸߣ㻶ϲҲ̫ˡ
ѧʿģʵǸˣٺЦ
ԪʮƲŵӣһۣʱһˮһߣˮ˱
治뿴ǣ߰߰գ޶ǡ
۱ѧʿסҡҡͷˣ
ܸգѧʿһ߬ס۵󣬡ҹ̣ϻɽӾûϷˣоƽ
ƴǣգҪæ
ѧʿҡͷѽᡣᾭǳ֪Ųڵĺǧ
ʵҪæۼȥ
ѧʿ΢оƲȣܾѵҪѰˣ
̶ˣһȺȾҲͰˣԵĿմ
ĸϻȡӲһߦȣ̶ӣ˵ǻˣӵġ
۲֪λǰѧʿʲô뿪
ջغԺ£Ҫд£иˮС̫裺˳Բ衣
һͷС̫ͰһֽС
ˣͷҡ
۵С̫ˣۿֽţֽһССʯ
Ÿ³񻨸лӳᡣ
Ӳָ׸ǴСҲ֪ǴļԺǽͷġ
ϱɫϲŸյţƶϣҲʮղܻ˭͵ģ
Уͬ١
뿪Ժ߳ţͬ۱Զȥֱ߳˹н֣иһˡ
һװҲɱʱģͫ΢
㡭
糾˫м΢ɫҰ۵׷ࡣ
֪˴£ʣߡ
󣬶˺ܿǣȥ˱Է鷿
żԸӣЩˮԤʳ
һأӻȡǷȡͷ֤ǸдĶ
ŸˣôԲ¶ӡ
˵䣬Ҳδһ˯ڳϡ


223 ˡ׽
Ȣ

СѾͷˮ͵鷿ǰ
Ҫ, ͼүŷţֽסش죬СѾͷϸ, ԭүڶ
ү
һ, ͼүֽ¡
ˮűߡֵơ
СѾͷϽͭ, Ѿ, үü, ºɿܵŷСȥ
ˮͽȥˣ
СѾͷͷ, ԰ŵЩգү, ǵ˷纮
һ䣺ɵѾͷĶ÷纮ȥ
СѾͷͷǷ纮, үܲڿްգ
˲֪, ϱӰǱġ
ҲûͷϱӲǸլŮӣھ˽ʶ١Դ޽Ҿһֱڶڣ˭Ầأ
˺, һͲʶˡ
۵۵İ, ۿ΢죬ȥָϱˮʪķ˿
˫Ŀأ΢΢, ೤, Ѿ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪˶õ·, Ҳ֪һ·ôġ
ͷʱոϻ۵ң촽ѣϣԵòݡ
ԽˮעС齱ߣˮʸɣ氢ȥϸ
ù촽üš
۶ᣬСֻ֣ѵЬӲš
ƼЬ׶ʪģסĽţëһⷦɡ
ȵ⿪۴ſ¹Ѿкˮʪˡ
ÿһصվЪһʱѣΪ֪һ·δ⿪ء
ײͺʵˮʪָɣʪ⿪Ҳ̫ᡣ
ֻõǰѰŵļӣһһɿء
ײɿǰƬӣȵˣһͺ޲ܱű˯
һ·
Ϣ΢壬һһᴵ
ü΢šоüͷ
ſֻ϶⿪һƣǺѪ
б룬ֻĥƣҹգǱĥƻڣҩûϣִһָ·
ؽҧֹסðβŻ
ۿϴ˿ڣĨҩࡣ
ȰʱɫȻȫˡ
һʱ㱣֪ںδѾˡ
;ɣֻϻ˸ɾ˹غͰȣֻһ˯ۡ
˴Ų˴ϣﻹ
Ҫƿ̺´ۿŽЦˣ
ʳУȳԶա
֫һ̫ûܺúóԷ˼żԡ
ۼϵƣʳᵽ̤ϣС
ףҨϿ࣬ŵߴô£͵ߣȳһڡȥƢθͻὥգ˲Żо
ż⼦˿ζֱģſ죬ǿԼڣϰʳζûˡ
ۿθڿˣҪҪһ롣
ҡҡͷסۡ
۷룬̤ϣ¶һҲٿˡ
¶Щλʱ⣬ֻү̫أ˵ˣ̫ҽƣʱ̫ҽ˵ˣбðźˡ
һ۲ã¶ûЩϣ߽ѣ˵ҲȫĶ
ֱǳеլ
¶֪Խ࣬Խľүô֪үʱЩ˿ɶսǣûء
۽¶Щĵ£˰ҪںԺУһ֮ء
⻰һݲš
һӲڣǾһҰӣƫƫҪڡ
¶ȸԴΪҪЮһͨλã֮أ̧檣ȻʲôҪӣ
Щأ
ǰ¶¶ߵĽ˼ңһҪôǵȥʣҪôȥׯͷϵС¡
˹٣ʵԶԶǴ򷢳ǡ
ֹ
֪
Ѿµˡ
΢һͷѾ·ھУԾлҪЮѲܻ
ĵ΢ɣȥ˿뽫УѾó³ʤȥһˡ
Ҳ뵽¶ʲôֻҪΪһûõˡڸһߣӦͻǼҪ£ѾѶϢ
Ϊβң
ָ⽩סһʼȫ֪ǰ£Ѿ֪򡭡˽ġ
֪ɱˡ
֪ˣᡭḾ֮ʡ
һ֮ʣδͨ鷿鼮Դ̵ĵʹġ
幫̣һ죬Ϯȡʤǵõȵűſս󱻳ش
ˡ˵ꡣ
ƿԣһܰ
ɱ֣ܰǺģ֪
ܰھǣԳŰδ
һǰѾѸϢ˾ǡ
Ӽ޸СµĶӣɷҲͷﵱƹ
Ӹռ޹ȥͻӣѾǵڶ̥ˣԭӹúȴȥ˺Щѡ
³ʤӵɷ򣬲Ÿ֪ΪҪΡ
ɷһ̻Ůӣлж࣬»ǻģ̻ŮӹӵɷǮ
ʱȻӮģܿͰϵӸĵˡ
ḮÿһҪʣϾҪ鵽ˣȴûӡ
ɷ׵ϵƹ񣬳£²˵˵׼һҪֻõβϣٲоֻܻȥ󹫹š
³ʤ۵ʱЦһӣǵò塣
ɫǮ취ϣЧ
һµһҲˡ
֮ǰḮʷȥʣ鵽ӵɷϵӣƹְλߣˣջء
û͹٣ǧл
ԺӣƹʱҺãǵСƹ񣬵
Ǳû𹳣Ѿȫʰɾ
ӵȥʰʱ
ڸհһ£ͬʮҪõĻӵϧˣȥ͵ˣͷƹǿ
ԭЩ̸ͣ˵ЦǸңͬ߶
ЩӻӲ󵹿ˮ̣ܵǼ䵱ﵱӱԵĵطҪ߳һ
ǰӵĴæѾʮЩӼûӵ㿴
ʰһ١
Ķӳ³ʤͻȻڸɷ£ϸʣֻͷ⹴ɷȥǮġ
ãȻ⣬ɷֻǸСƹģôͶס
³ʤͻȻ¶Ҫá
亹øһʹĺһţҧأ´˵ЦˣҾ밲ӡ
ʱһʰһﲻסʻ
ӶһʹĨ᣺㲻֪ҪׯȥˣɷСɾûɹػȥׯӿô
㻹Ͻ취ԭ̺үǵôͲ˵仰
ҡͷ᣺㲻֪үشúܣҲ̺˼ʳ˵ʲô
ӿȫұ޿ȫް취ѹͲ֪ʲôӡ
æһ£
װģο䣬ӻҪ͸һ˵룬֣Ťͷˡ
ӸϽʰصңҵ³ʤҪɷһȫȥׯ
Ϣ͵۸ǰü΢
ԭˡ
Ӧʣ
ЩӾסڱԷˣӵ£ʣʲôʱЩǰ


224 һ
Ȣ

۳ĬƬ, δ𰢱Ļߣִҩ䣺, Ȼҩ
ȥ, ϲ
С˿ڣСʱ, ĨĨҩˡҲ, ⵱˲õĴˡ
ÿҩ˲˵, ˺, ˵ȸã˺, Ĩõġ
ҩڣ˿ȷǺõÿЩû죬ûڴЩ, Ӧǿˡ
ˮ˴, Ѱ־ٵǰϸͷͿˣѾˡ
ϸĨϸҩðײɹס˴
üһ, Ͳ, ԼҪ⿪
Щʱһֱƣüëšţ΢Ҳ۵ġĥ˻ȷʵЩ, ľ۵زأ
Цˣ֪˿ʵϸ, Ҫֻۡ, ʱʱ뻢ĥ֪ˡ
Щԡͷȫһ
Ӷû̺˵Ļƣͷ֣úܲ
֪ԡ֮ǰˮ£֪ҪˮЩ¶ͷһϴ裬Щߣ˽ˮС
Լϴˡ
ֻСʱô衣ԡͷֻľСܣһ飬ٴһ顣
ôˣҪϴӣ׻Ǻߣ˲ˮУֻ¶һ˫۾ˮϣǲˣ
ŴͷɹԽ࣬ԽᣬһȦȦա
ᡣһ걳һô˵
ˮᣬͷﶼζˮͷϴ͸
˫ñд۵֣ϸϸ귢ӷۡ
С޿ˡ
һϴԡ̾ళݶûϴ
Ժ󳣸ϴ
һֻ۾ƳһۣôУһذա
á۴Ӧˡ
ʱҩ䣬óͷͷȫ£ͨЩûʰͷԭһïʢţôҲϷ
һֻֿסỺһ½һ£ͷᵽβ
ֽϣдǶ壬ʱһอѪ˥ܣҲ˵ҲԣҲܺȡ
ĸƢһС
۶΢ͣûȥԼ𰢱ڲϵģ
죬졭
ԲǣʮŻȥһۣÿȥҲֻűվһվʱܼ磬ܼˣþһ
ٺɴ˵ӻԵʲôҩЩ
Щظû̫ҽƹɻЩҩ
̸й¶ѡ
ӲܲʹĥͶֳһػ
չǾͶʱܶһЩҲܿߡ
þõȲȥͼŤȥۿ΢죬ɫǱ
㡭ˣ
֪Ϊʲôװû΢ǲǣЩȥ
ʵǰ׮Ĵ󰸡
ƽ̧ͷͷ
ٹЩ꣬ͼıλҰı¶̫ͼذʧʥġⶫϣʱնϸӶ顣
ɴʱ
˵СźھԪķҲǾԪǵĹԶӡдҲ˵ĴⲻҲԡ
ˣΣ
Ѿ֪˺ĳ˭ȴʱ
գһˣȥ˿ɺã
ĿҪҰ£
Цˣ򲻸ˡ
ִûйŰϴĨ֮ʱȥһ۾֪ӯѪʢǿ
һˣڴϿా꣬ƾͿݶ
ϱ֪Ǳ˺أ
˼ʲôʺʲôײǰҲ氢ԩġ
ʣʱ˿̣
԰ٸһЩ
ȥ£Ը£˵¡ԽܶЩ֣ĵ׵βԽ١
ֻḮźٳּ£ͣǶúܺãЩ֡
ǡأﻹ¥أ¥һиܼġˡڡ
ݶأĶܲܽ⣿
ӣδŮͷ̷ǲģӶŤŤ㲻ٲκ£Ӵʱֻȥ
۴˱ӣվߵߣϾֽ
չһǷͼ
ķǽȡģ㲻밴дģһ߿һôǾȥһߣһ
ȷȥһߣһϱûûģ
ֱԣüͷǲҪʲôΣյ£
ôأ̾һ֮󻼣ΪԶ棬ȫˡ
ˣҪףΪϱӵԼ
ĬȻ̧ͷʱףֲŪһ£һ׷
еģ
ٲͼڷ֮£˿
˼Ƭ̣ͼֽۣͼҶסˣؿ㻹һȥա
һӦ´ۺܿԤ˳飬ѾĸдţҲ͹ȥ
㲻صǣҪʲôֻд
ٲȾǷִҲ˵ǵĹˣʲô
ۻһҶ˰
ֻڸģֲһڷ룺㲻ǳ˵ƥ̣ˣôȥһܡ
˿ǣżͷССȳԡ
СûʵĴڵԴЦ
ǲǳܣҲǻ⣬Ϊ˴֪Ÿܡ
Ҫߵ죬ȥǣڹٵ˺Զ
ϵ˿ڸպãǱ̫áƤףȣôŲ͸
һ·ʳˮþȥ죬ʲôͳʲô㡭
ǣĻòߣ
򴽲ԣۿ˵˫Ȼȥ
ۿȻԶȥֱٵٿһ˿ĳҲվһ
̸үʱȥ
үŹٵͷ಻ɽ֮󻼣Ϊкλ
֪Ҫ£ҪȻٷؾ飬ˣڳ⡣
үôˣ
кλ
򾩳ǳȥ


225 
Ȣ

ĩʱ, ҽ׮¡
һҷ˼ңլȻǹ鳤̴˶, ֻоǵլ
ҷּ֮, 󷿶Я漮ȥˡ
оֻ
˵ʵֻһˡ
ټһ, ̫̫ٲԸ뾩, Ҳòżǻ硣ֻʡ, ټḮ, ҹֻɽлյ
һյ鷿һյǾɽá
䲻, ĵʱʱţÿҹ鷿
ﻹ˵̽ӻ̥̥ȥˡ
˸ӢӣǲҪ룿ͷ˵, ֪, ʹ
һȥе¶֪ôͻ̥
ʱһߵ, ͵͵Ѻ̽ӵԷ
Ӣȥҡҡͷȥ, 㰢ֻ˭Ȣϱ£Ȱ⾿ô£úõôҪȥһȥòŻ
ôܰѹүһ˷ھأ
, ǲֳˣ
ҡҡͷû, ٳˡĿɲ, ʲô
ʵ̫밢ˣʱϲϲݳʱ򣬵ܿڣǶ˼
Ӣܲ⣬ҪСʱþĶƨɣˣɷû˵ʲô
ѽһ˵һһүأ
ֻЦ
̽ʡףѧʿͶأʲôӣ
ǰЩһþͳǣƨѹͲ϶մԺӡǻѧʿͲ²ˣǳ֬ڣݲؽ
˷
һģִ˿ǳݾˣһȥѲ죬ػϱ¶Ϊ⡣
Ÿչ룬ȥʹ;Ͳ٣жĽ̽ˡ
ѧʿҲǳˣȰ䣺̶һλͬѰСŭ
΢΢һЦлߴˣܽˡ
ѧʿ룺ô̶ãֲֵôЩֲֵںԺͬ࣬ҲܴӦ
ôλѾˡ
ѧʿӿɽ̵Ŀ⿴ۣźãˣöΪΪҶʵ¡
ֱѧʿ뿪۵С̫Ѿȥˡ
¹ڣٷδѣ˹ǣСֻС
ֱֻػȥ
ػֵʱ¥ݣϻδɪϸ費
Сһֻ㡣
ƿӣһٷЩԾ
͢ǲԱ˵ģΥ͢ʮôܽסأЩǰĻ˽ƵϵģСؼС
ҷð﷣ٺӡ
Դ޼˽ˣ˾ǹԱȥֵĵط
˵˿ϷôԼˡ
ˮˮϷ̨Ϸ̨Զ
΢΢һЦڹеƬ̣ү
뽫£㿪û뵽һʱ棬ŻԼ
֪֮Ϸ̨ϲϷ˵飬͸˼뱾ϷǿһϷ
ܲκİգ
үƼݡ
˵꣬˸ơ
ҴغͣţͷŴβṳ̈
Ŵ໤˻ûϴѲ鴬գⶼ־Ҫƿʲô
۾͵үԼưա
ùŹ֣ͷ۴Ӳɫţ۲ɫΪĻҡ
ôĪģѵҪŮˣŮˣ
˻֣˵⡣
ǰҿӣͼŮͯ廨󣺡Ǻ⣿
ָָϵĹʺͰƿͷͣա
ǵϸ
۰ڳϲߣ̱ϴһһǰһڵԼǰ
ԽʣɫԽô԰ŮӴ̽Ϣһ£Ԥҩһ£
ӿݹʿʼͲɹ١
۸ôⶫͱġ
Ѿ̫ҽΪλ޹жѾˡѾͷǣ洬ǣһͽݶڳ⣬̫ҽ
̫ҽһġ鼯ҩ⿴Ҳûжԡ
ݶָֿ׷࣬Գж֢״̫ҽһᡭˣǡ
֢״ϳ꣬Գ̫ҽҽжô
̫ҽ룬ҡҡͷܣʱ̫꣬ǡǿʬĹͷܿж
˳̫ҽоЩ˵֤ʶڰǰ
һҳҳ꣬ǰˮѾ͸
̧üۣף۷£ûϱǰȥֻ˽¸Ѿ϶¶һ²ָܵʹ
ɿлˣһһ
ҷⳡȥˡ
ɫÿӼɵİѱֲԸͶЧ
ǱһûŵŮͯߣ˵ʲôֻǵͷ衣
΢΢ףȥ
һֱȵĴԶˣԱûҲûڵĿմʵϷô
մǻ򣬲һ
ŵǻ˽ܭһۣǳϷϷԸЩ
۴üĿ֪Ϲ˼ѱƣҲܸػóˡ
¹֪
Ͳ·ߣ
ûкߵ·
ܭЦˣ˶˵̽ɰ߷ּ١
ûôʮ֮УһǼ٣û뵽ġ
˸ңǰ׸ҡ
ùΣֻ󹫹֤
˲δͬգ˴˵ͷʻػӡ
˼죬Ḯһݺһñʯ辰
۱ܣ˵үΪл⣬빤ҹ죬ɺѹĶܾˡ
Ȼ͸ġ
Ǽ͵֤ݣܲ͡
ٸգү˵ѾˣҪҪۿһ
һǿ̣
Цˣ״ȻɳΡ
ü׹ٻݣһ
Ǿǡݡ
ء
ߺһ۾ɽõĵƣʸдţдֶ
ÿҹƿʱִƻ
尾գ̶ȥˣүĲ˯ҪԼͷԽԽ࣬ͷʮ䷢һ׵ġ
ֱãŷš
һǴģȥȡԼֽӹ
̻үôãҪϻȥţ˭֪үû첽ȥԽԽеɽǰסŲ
ү
ӦһУŸ鰸ǰ
ڣһ˴룬ƻϨʱֲţһ
ϻһֻСԡ
ѡ
۲⣬С
ٿһɲʱڡ
̾鷿дүײӵʹϽƽȥүֻûء
ͼƻӳһЦ


226 һ
Ȱ뾩ʱ,ŲµҪʲô
˴䣬ͼ뿪ǣǼƿõĺ,֣طŽңһǵĨ
ְٵ,Ҫˮ,Ĩҩ
ˣԼĻ־ϸ,ƤҲֻһ,ڰ
һ·ǰŰдߵ,Щܱһȥϳʱӻûվ,ȼдľɫ
һةɽǲҰû
дˣе⴦վʱɽҰټҹվѲһɽֻҰ˵ϰҰúܡ
ϧûţҪȻǸŮ͵Сٸ飬,˷ԡ
ةЦˣ֪ضҰԶ,ܶɽɽûޣҰͶЩ
Ѳ߻ҰģҹͳҰ⣡
ֵһվʱЩԺеˮ,һ򻨸ҡ
ةЦô֪ھǳ,ϺԺ,Ǽġ
һ·ߣһ·⣬뿴ûܿģ
ûд֪ߵεأдҲ׶ʧ
Ҳûдȥÿһվֻɾؿ෢һⱨƽŻȥ
ûãҪôϢۡ
һ·˽£ʱѾǰĩʱŵʱѾϼаٹվҪˡ
ӻδţڳ¥Ͽ˰
ִһٷ۾סٵһƼŮǴƵʹӳ¥ϴ
ǰȥҲɤӺô֪ҽ

תţϡ
Цӯӯүӣÿնŵȹء
ѧˣ´ݣƤ΢ڣӽʵ˺ЩȻһЦΣ
Цˣǻˣֻòã߻ɣһͲˡ
뿪ǿһ꣬·ϾѧԲȾǷط󣬴ӹȥϴ죬ҪȥʱҲ͵ˡ
ǰΪʲôҪ֪ôˬ
үģﶼҪֻӲ󣬲
ִдӳ¥СʱƵģҪŮϽ
ſֶ֣סҿɳˡ
ж
ԾִȽסִеǱСʱһЩΪ˺ߣȥ
뿴ǣô˵˼ˣֻܲգ
ݸЦĿһɨ
ӲڣݶҲڣûһѾͷ·̺
͵ʱһڣѾ·ϴˡ
ݸϽʰ˴ȾǣúլҲªúܣԵϸʰùסġ
ų̷ᣬһ·ԽߣԽټŮǴñǣֱߵĸҲ봩װ
䲻ȾйŮǵװ£ǵװһͽʵúܣ߶ܼ㡣
ߵһ룬һˮ쳢طʢӣִ𡣡
ԹȥǵĽһԾͣǶ汻ûãһֽˮɳ˸ɾ
֪̰ģҲԣΪĵϻӴţԷ·û̺򣬾Ͳúˡ
ŵãͽйСѾͷȥ۽жЩ
СѾͷʣģģ
Ҫ
ִקŮȥӣǿɱȾҪǿö࣡ѰǰЩôˣ㶼ˡ
ˣɫã糾͸졣
ԼʢһһʢһֲñҪνء
һ·źЩ̣ģһͿûáиϻӣҴһɨͼǰżȣŸɱԲ档
Ǵ˵Խ࣬˿ڱ࣬һ࣬˱ࡣٵϻ̷̶ӣҪġ
ִйһЦûƼǰӣٵջ޹
ӣҲլƥĶ˵óȥͷĶҲ˵ý
Ϲд۾ƣоˮɡ
ҪģԸˡ
˵䣬ǰ˰ݷãִָָױӣ㳢ͣ죬ﻹӡ
ִһߣǰ氢ʢ⣬⼫ۣžûһ˿ζ
θڴ󿪣˼飬·ûڣԵĶôȵáû÷ʱƤȴС
ӣСǲ游
ݿԵó죬סˣ˰뱥ŵôû
˻ˣǾᶪӵģѵˣ飿
Щӣˡ
ֻ˲
иɣֻƹﲻſڵӣתȥʰӵʳޡ
ִлʱͼŮǳԵģЦһѺ΢΢ЩãųԣôԾôԣ
˸ӣڽš
ݶˣôһ䶼ʣ
ֱ˷ִڳס˶ϳȥŰóơ
ӹһӵؾʱվĵӡ
ִпһۣ֪յţôģΪŮίһ˹·
һźʱѾԤÿȥ㡣ҪǸ۸ŮҪ
ȵڶ֪ȥ
ִóСдġ
дÿУЩʶִжߵססٰݡЩһˣ׾ʲô£
Ž˽ҵ¸˰
ִСѾͷŶҩڰߴôãڡһվ
ǳŮǳģ⡭ӦԶûǵز
꣬뾩Զˣ뾩з¸ˡЩ꣬˿ɲ٣ԴǱھʱ¶ǵö࣬µıǮҲࡣ
һֱסڹã˽լûУڷЩ¡
ҡͷǡ۶벻벻
Сӣǵķծ
룬ҡҡͷ
Ҳ㣬¶Ϊ˼ĽۡΪҲΪʹ¹˵ʵΪԼΪԼЩ
վ
ִдʧɫĶˣ
·ʱѾиоˣ»û£Ѿ֪ˡֻǷг̣ûʱͿ
һ·ܳܺȣ
ǶСҲ̰ʡ
ֻǶЦִȾϲըһˣˣȥѳĺôȫ
һҲҽݣܿҽݵĴ򣬶ǳϵġ
ȫ׷׵ϲˣϲˣѾࡣ
ôָһϲɣûкŴġ
ִǻϲžһӣ֪ˣȻ˵úܡ˵ŰνžҪܣøȥ
͵Բ۾ݡ
Ͱա
ŻعôãطײȾǣɿӣҪӣ
ҸţɫСѾͷ
жȵݣʹŵʱ򣬾ſһ¡
һȥˣһȥʹϲˡ
ﵽݣֽʻƥС
С͵ȥ