޳·˼ʲôϵ
:ֽȸ

:
ʧˣֻǵԼ֣ԼһֺܳζʮȫԱС˵УΪһ·˼ס
䣺ȻҶ·˼ˣС˵ûϵ
ϵϵ䣬ĿһѪ޴Ϸ
ͷšŮжǩŮǣһɱ˿ʼִŮװ˭
䣺Ŷе̼
Ȼ󣬡ͺ۾ܵǰ˵ĳ˰ɣ
䣺޳·˼ʲôϵ

Լ·˼׵൱⣬һ˫СԼ֮Ըʮŷ֡Ϊʲôһ٣Ϊһ㶼ԭž鳶ϰϵ
ǰ򹤵ﻹ߸׼˱㵱ͷûСճ˾͸ˡ
ʧǰĺһֺÿ㣬ǡū͡ԣⲻ
ÿܵ򿨵궼̸ͷϵġƫִЩ⡣
࣬ÿ춼ȫ޳
䣺ģֻҪƽѡ

ȫԱͷ޳ַ벻ڵжǶ£ŮƵλʲôֵĵۡǳͷƤ⣬һԿ͹뱣ֿϷ̬Ҫǹͬ飬ܻδĳһ챻ƲסҴ
Ůĸ̬ȳ䵭ϵˣܴ
ָֻ䣬ûcpûУ
ߵһдԭ޳Ȿ黭ܻȽ
ʶ͹˳Ķ棬ҪңȻһ޸㿴Ǳ
 
ݱǩ Խʱ ִܿ ˬ
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣܶ  
һ仰飺ʵ
⣺ҪķӰԼġ?


1 
һΪ첻ˡĶڡ
˫ۣıһɫꡣ
üۺЦůɫļڽɫ֮Գ͵ɫһ˫΢΢´˫Ŀערע񣬷·ҲûԽ۾ˡ
һ£ûлػ
Ϊ߲ܿͷϡ
ͺǱǩһ棬͸ɫ塣
װӳоʶĺѣԸٶۡϲĿŵգÿͻ衣
ԣū͡
ǰĻãǺ΢һ⡣
ƣ˷ֱߵİɫֻĻʾ塣
ԣͲܺȿ𣿡˼ȥ仹ǾԼҪķʽȥദ
Ȼֵıǩ˵ʶĺѣӦûʲô⡣
ȻԣֻҪҪģҶΪ׼ġװЦºͣκα
վܿͺˣһȡ
ͷõġ
װ뿪ˡ
һڣʼԼ˼
ԽˣһСԵܲ裺ӻһٴΡĹڡ
⻹ǴҪҪʧˡ
֪ʲôҲ֪Ů˭֪ΪʲôԼڿڡΨһģ֣Լԭžֻһ·˼׵Ľɫ
ȷվһȺ溰ۣxxŵxxܲá·˼׳̶ȡ֮⣬ҲûϷݣΪϷ·˼ס
ҲãþԭеֳϣֻҪúùԼˡ
ôֻĻ
ֻûһʹˡ
ܼ򵥣һССƣƵԱһ̯ıʼǱֻڵܳûʲôرġ
򿪱¼䷢⾹ȻʧǰԼռǱ¼ˡ
ռǲᣬЩʱ¼һڣЩ²ż¼һΡ
ЩռУҲʧǰԼϢ
һ˫ԴС԰ıһ꣬Ĵÿһͻڹǻǰ裬Ǵ򿪵ͼһصз֡
ĽǰΪڵѧ߿ڵڼְΪϰ壬Էһ裬Աˡ
պԼĻϢģʽԼģ
ɫļ΢ĺڷ䣬üۡһű׼ݣȴ˵һ۾η
һ˫Զ˫ֻĺɫֻҪڽ۲죬ᷢһ˫ŨصǣʶԶοҲֻˮй°޷
ԼòȷˣԼģ
պֻװýȺùˡ
±һЩԸĿȵ¶ȣϣܹϲװ˵
ƺһֱ΢Цϵ֮δɢ
лл˵ţ˿ŵ
ů¶ȴӱдݵָ⣬ȷʵ滺顣
ȵζŨ񣬵ζſȵĿɬŨ˿һգ΢Ŀζɿ˿ڻڿǻֻ䡣
̲ס˫Ŀ
ܹζٴ̼۷ζ
ϲ˵ˡϲװкԵø
΢΢Դ¶һڰĲһߵĽɫһΰɫ֬ϣԳĹͷĿѣ
佫һշУ̬װ֪ôģֿͷϵıǩ
ԣū͡
ᣬ˳ʵģڵõ佱Գϲáһȫȫ⽫˷еū͡
ã΢еӲԾˡ
ϸ룬űصײ߽һŮ
俴ȥ㷢ͷϵıǩ
Ůж
ŮϣټϽŵĶͦȻȻ˿ǵע
ͷЩǾͺǰʲôأԭûʲôų˺ɫŮͷšжˣ죬Ŀ
찡ⲻǸ˾־ϻҪ˧
ǶδϴڻչϿӢ
Χĳ˷ĿתһȦͷšŮŮͣƬ̣ȴǸŮߡ
Ӱ𪣬ϸһ˫´ˮⷺʮֿʱɪһ£ͬǱŵС¹ɰˡ
䣺ѵԼܿ£
Ҵû㾹ȻҪҵŮˣŭжƺʧ
ажûֵͬüͷ˾Ϊд㡣޹ģ㲻ýǣ㣬Ҹʸվߡ
˴˻Цһ˵ǣ㲻Ҫˣຣң
˻һŮȰɫ
޴վ֮䣬˾ǲҪˡ
֮ĹϵΧĿתЩΪУλƵ˸쳤˲ӡ
佫Ŀջװڿ
ĿģרעؿȫûǱߵĶ
ʶ𣿡ƺʶ˲˵һ˺ü룬װѯ
ҡͷʶ
ǣһΪʶװЦ
˵ЩٿˣֻĶ档
Ҳûȥעͳֻʱ䣬־Ǹʱˡ
ǱߵִԽԽԼԼиһĻƣȴ룬һ˲˵ע
ˣˣ
ķԱܳװĸǰ곤ˣ
ͷһҲװ
ڳһߣɫ⻹á
˷ԱĻ֮ûбֳһ˿һĴǵ΢ЦҲıֺ
֪ˡ˵ţߴδ뿪䣬ȥɡ
Ա˿õġ
뿪ˡ
ΧĿҲ׷׻ָɫۿִˡ
ʲô
˸ˣûʲô¡
˾Ͷδء
ȻոյĲֹͣϷΪԹ
ָ΢ڿ֮תһȦǱ߷ȥļ
Ȼ㣬ңδ˵
ǣֻһûҵ㣬ʲôʱ˾ŮקԼĻУ˿˼Ϊק۶̡
˾Ҫۿ죬ˮǼۿú
һ¿װھ𣿡
װ΢΢ͷûУΪʲôôʣ
Ϊ곤Ӧȥ˵
ǿĵ곤ӦȥֳȥΧ뿪ĿˣŮжһȥмһˡ
ԭˡװûбֳ죬վ˵ģҶȥġ
Һһȥɡվ˵
װЦݲԵ˼֣á
װǰ·ִˡ
֪ǲǴܸоǵͣһ롣
ûٹעݸװ
俴˵ڵϵʬ塣
һλԣɫ԰ף˫Ŀ͹ץ࣬ڵϡ
ĹԱæԼ飬ԵϵʬûйעֻǸķԱվʬԱߡ
ϰ壬Ѿˡ˵ʮ֮ͻԱ˵
˵꣬Ŀ޵Ƴһ䣬ֱͦţŵСġ
òˡװ˵
䣬ԷԱ˵ƽһЩõĮݣǵЦݶȥ˲١
ȻѾˣ˻뿪ɡ˵̫ܻƻֳ
ǾͰ˵긽͵
Աһ㶣̵ͷתںæµĹԱ˵ˣ뿪Ⱦʬ˵
Ա̷еĹ뿪
˶߹ˣװŤͷûʲôʣǱʬŵ𣿡
ҡͷǡ
ȥˣ䲢ûжô־壬ֻǶͻЩ죬Լȥϧ
׳꣬ȴˣҲ֪˸Ρ
ֻǸģɻ
̫ƽˡ˷ԱտʼļУޱ顣ǺĹԱǿڵĿˣˣװͻ̫ƽˡ
ͺ񣬸һҪһ
Ǿ͵Ⱦɡ
š
ֻǣǰŸո̤ţӭײͷšǩĸ˾
˫Ŀ죬䣬ɫȻ䣬˰ɣ
䣺
ʲôʲôոҲڵʱʲô·
л˵
һд޳ԭģλ͹ٶ
ŮԣдˣŮ޷ֿ֣ۣûţܴͦ򣨾ϲֵܸߵŮ
ĳ۾һѣΪ˵õŮעʲôܲܵõŮ˵
һжΪ˸߷񣬲Ҫ׷߼
߲óдľŬд
ʮ¾ᣬҲ߰ʮ
ӿտգдܳĴٺͺܺõϸڣʶԾ͹ٲҪίԼȻһۿ͹ٵǮ


2 
鷢ĺͻȻ䲻֪ʲô
յֻһԭžﺰ·˼ףĽǲ
ֻǿµΣòʧ֮ǰǻʲôľ

תװ
ΪӳоͿʼĺѣװҲһǶ˽ġֻΪʲôǽſʼװûбֳκ쳣أѯԼǷʶˡ
ôˣװƺ֪Ҫ˼ԴϵЦṧ˳
ֻ¶ǰ˫Ŀ׼ԵܲúһҪ˵ǣʣʲô𣿡
ƽ͸һԶͬһİˡ
˾ɫͻȻӲˣƺǲ侹Ȼͬ˵
˾ŮһС۲ˣؿ֡
ֻ̫˶ѡһߵĶδͻȻ˵
λж󣬱Լǿĸ˾һ֮ů񣬾߶˽ˮů
ԴӴѧҵ֮ǾͺټˡδЦ
˵֮ע⵽ͷϵıǩζһ¡
δжǸкʹѧͬѧԸᡣ
˾ǸкʹѧͬѧԸԵ
Ů㲢ʶ
Եͷ
֮󣬾һ䳡
תתȥһ˾һδ֮װ֮תתȥȴʼպһ˵
һɡװͻȻ˵վҲ㡣
ҵλá
֮󣬿ٴνͶ˴ϵעҲö
֮Щ߾ͿʼճŲˡ
Ҫһ𣿡װ˵ֱߵĿȣʡ
ܾˡ
ѾٶһͲˡ
Χٴΰ˭Ҳû˵
Ҳ֪˶ãСڣǸã
Ƕ˵ġ
̧עǰŮ
ǰԶԶһۣ;ĳ಻ʱۿ㷢ǰŮȷʵģ۵վͺߵƶһһ˫Բ۾⣬è䣬С¹ֿɰ
ֻǣע⵽ˣҽܡ
С͡ǡȻ𲻴󣬵Ҳһ̶ϷӦ˵Ը
Ǳˡ
䲢ûбֳ
ã䡣˵
漴һĨЦݡ
ƯһۿƲˡ
ллҲǡ
һؿ֮밲
˾λϣΧĿðԵߴҲûбֳ˿Ĳʡ
ڣĵȴ֮󣬾ڵˡ
װΪ곤ȻҪ뾯ֽн档
װ֮󣬸˾ͻȻЦһϣһΪһˡϾôҲϲߡ
仰Ϣν
ָ΢Ļûбʾֻƽ
ŮԵǱŨ֮ĺɫ۵֮ʲôҲûУǱעӣҲһ޵ĸо
˾šüͷǣ㵱뿪˼ңΪ֤Щνù۵ôڿΪһŮ͵һ飬ˣ
䣺ȫ֪귢ʲô֮֡
˾㣬ʲô˼ɫͻȻ԰ʲôΪһŮһ飿
˵ˣҲԻ
ʧǰǾʲô˾⻰˵úǰ¹еľɣѵ·˼𣿹˼һλ
ͻȻԺһƬΡ
վڴſڣֱ䣬ڼģ˵ôʹ˱
Ƭκֻ̣ܶһ롣
ΪʧˣҲ֪˼ԭʲôɫʲôλ֪Լһ·˼뿪˼֮ᱻע⵽
ң˾СõĹ۵㡱ָʲô
ãԼʧ䣬ܹͷϱǩйء
˼ʱǰֳĬĶδ˵ˡ
ÿ˾Ŀˡ˵ţüĿȾЩϧ㣬ҲΪˡ
仰һըը
ͻȻͱ¹䱣ֳĬ޻˵
ԭ㲻֪ǰļҲտҲԼ˸ǺӡǿǩڻڣװӦˡ
ֻǣǩдǡ᡿ֳȴЩ롣
ǩʵǴһƫġֻЩʵȷģƬ
֣۾ʼģģ͸һֵĸо
򴽣ԭûʲôȥܵĿհ׼䣬һ˲Щ⡣
˼ȥٴνһˡ
һʮ˾꣬൱ݰףһͷɵͷźһֻè㡣
ǡôʱҲʣԱʬ뿪ˡ
㣡Ƽ䣬˫һܵλǰû뵽ô͵ˣ֪ҾͿ׼ˡ
׼ȷ¡ʱʢģɫĶ䣬ɫĵţп㣬ټϾ°գ˫ˮģһֻèɰˡ
䱻˼Ŀⲻתͷϵı顣
ɣʱھĵϰ߿֮ڴ򹤡
ԣճ˾
ԶԱװ˵Ȼ
ʮ˾ͣҲǺԡ
㣬Щ˭ȻȻԱߣ°Ϳǰˣ𣿡
䲻֪ôش𡣾ĿǰΪֹòǵĹϵôáϵһ졣
ǣҺʹǰĹ˴Сûʲôĵġ˾ЦȫȻһѾˮȾʪۿ
δһοȰ˵޷ǡϿ뿪ֵá֮Ļ⣬һЩԸ˾ָ
ȻϵãΪʲôҪأɳ°ͣµȻȥҲȺЬ֮¶ĽʱʱСȣèβһòˡ
˾Ȼüͷʲô
ɻ˫ȣ״ʱҲԽԽֻ֣һʲôôأ
ķ˿ֱ˵ļ໥һ𣬲ͣ
һĨ۵ĺγϣͬ峺ˮȾĺɫϡ
˾üëĸˣעӰɣͬ
ߵܲĺӣͻȻ˫棬ȻȻǾְɣ
˵꣬뿪ˡ
δҲȻվ
Ҫ뿪ŲĿͰ֮ת²֪ʲô
ǿһĨЦݣǣ´ټˣ䡣
һĨЦУʲôٵˡ
׷Ĳ뿪
ŮѶ뿪ˣλҲ뿪ˡЦŶԸ˾˵
˾Ƭ̣λվӸµŰɣҲ֪˼ʲô
ٴЦһ˵ٻᡣ
˾뿪ˡ
ôʱװˡ
ĶҲûʲôʾΪʰǰĿӺͿձ԰ɵĳ֣ûпһ
㻹𣿡
Ҳ
װЦݴûб÷ֺĻش𣬵ͷ㲻˵ˡ
ɵĿ޵װתһȦҪ俿ȥ
ԭֻǼĿŻֱϡ
ͨͨһ㱡ֱۣͨ¶ȶóһЩ
㣬Ҹո˵Ļù𣿡
л˵
ճ˾ϵ
ʲô˵õÿŸµĵдһ¾̲סĺ°
컹ҪԻҪ׼ҵĴ绹ҪȥҹҾ̲ס°
ͷʹޣɸ֣ҾˣԺдһ·һ°ɣ㲻ոҲίԼҾ£ߣ


3 
գײϸֵ·
΢΢̧ͷûжݵһתĿ꣬Ӽ϶ʩһ㣬Ͷ˰ϡ
û˵ֻǾؿŰɣһƽ͡
꣬ϵЦÿɰƳʱСèһĽ
ðɡƽ˵ɫԼ롣
˵ȥСȴȵ£ʣһƬյ
ɵ΢ɲ齩Ӳһ˲䣬漴¶ίı飬㣬ҿǶûʲôɫ̲ס˵˹ֵĻҪ֪ѣ´ξͲˡ
װջԼߣһοղȥ
ҵ˼ǣллΪ˵ͬģΪҵѣίԼ˵ز֮ദʽ
˵˵İգգۣͻȻһЦ
˫סļ˴ʱ顣
Ҳֻ˵ֻˡ
䣺֪ΪʲôܸоһСӳЦˡ
Ƿȥˡ
ѯʰҪԵʲôȴԷ˵Ҫñһε衣
ҪסЩ⡣
ɺߴӵͷ㣬Ҳ֪İɣҼǱߵ
ʲô֪С顣
óȻȥѯҲãĴĴ
˼ȥӦˡ
ֻеõϢСǷֿġҲһճķ䣬ÿҡҲֻסѣȵѧѧͿ԰ȥˡ
̫ɵ˫ǣһȥƷɣ
ʶԼڵôߣ䣬ܾ
仹ǴӦˡ˻ϤһΧĻ
õ𰸵İɻȸԾ־Ҫ뿪
㣬ĺÿģ㣬԰ѡ·Ҷⷽ治ǺϤ
䱻ֵòӦֻûӻֺװ𣬲ʾͿȵǮѾˡ
װЦݲ䣬עȥıӰ
ֱ뿪ߵתǴǸŮ˵ͻȻͷػ
ԭĴǻعƽ̹ɫǡԭʢ˿̱Į⣬۵һųҲ޷ۡ
˶ӵʱ䲻һ˲䡣
µϹâЦݿɰغŮһʧתǴ
װתǴǸոĿȱ
곤СƺʹǰһԱվװ˵
šװӦһ
Įб˽Ƕȣʩ˷ԱΣ޹ء
ҪסûԲܴһ˿һ˵
޳ŷԱסһƬ⣬˶֮С
ɫͻȻò԰ףŴǣ֪ģһֱ֪ġ
ķӲûʲô
Ӧ˵֮˶ʩκε͹ע
Ǹ˺ĹԱҲܽ΢תעȥһۡ
ǣǸСڴ򹤵أСʵ
װϴ̨ȱϴɾ
顣װĴڷЦ⡣
ֻҪҪģҶΪ׼õġ
Ө͸ˮӴа׵ָ⻬䣬ʪļȾһ㵭ˮ⡣꽫̧֣ʪָڴǣƺ͸һٶڸʲô
˫ڲ˻㷭ӿŵģŨϵý㺡
ʲôʲô飬ֻҪҪģҶΪ׼õġ
һġ۽ǻһ˿ɫҲΪһеġ
ūͣ˷֮һаԼҲҪΪ˵˼ȫū͡
һУ֪ͨͨ
ΪһóעתԼϵꡣ
òͲף˵Ҳ˺ԡˣҲеĶ¡
ΪҪǣܾ֮֡󣬱˵Ҫӡ
òټһ˫´ۿʱɰè䣬ֻͬˡ
õİٴõЦǣ䣬̬Ͼǣޱȡ
㣬ҴɫĻɫĺأǰȻ
ĬƬ̣˵ܱǸҿ
Цݲ䣬ļ۸ӣɫǧİԪɫһǧ߰Ԫ
㣬ҺϲɫһɫƺһЩ
˵ţЦƺ˵Ķ
գգۣװɵЦвӵıĶʲôǣϲɫġ
˵ĶԣϲǰɫɫˬضɫĳȻ󽫰ɫĵݸԱǴ
һУصߣۼ۸Σϲǲϲ۸ٹҲȥ࿴һۡ
οеĿʽԹվԶһӰЦ
ûע⵽ɻ˼ֻΪͻĸп
ֻ־Ȼ̳Сʱ
ȥϴּ䣬һ𣿡ʡ
Ŷȥɡ
뿪ˡ
ŮԵӰʧ󣬰ϵЦʧضǵӰǵﶼ߰
үоáղŻڴװĹԱߣ˵
ڰҳҲֻˡЦҲǣϾ㵱Ǻԥ˼ˣﻹǰ
͹ԹԶ︯ðɡ
Աһᣬ԰˵˼Ǳߵ˫ӺҲʼӴˡ
ἰ˼ҵ˫ӣ̰ڳ˿Ӭһͷķ飬ΣһڣԶû취ӽ㡣
Ҫȥ˿Ź˼ҵ𣿡Աʵ
ɵָһ٣Ƭ̺˵á
Ƕ˫ԸȥŲܡҪ飬оÿ϶һʱܳȥš
õġԱ뿪ˡ
ɱ˫յĿǰΪֹԺйһ飬ļ䶨ڿڽļϡ
ʵϣܹӴļֻһѣʳָ
ȵļҲɫ˿㣬һ˫ôߵİָЬ·ʱİڶᴵһС㲼ϣ¶ɫļ
һ㿴ŨָҲ΢οǽϵļúƲϴڵһ
໥ʱսӵĲͼԶ˵á
úͲ֮бȵѪ
ͻأأֻ뿪ʱǸ
װǰ۵Ĵڰ˵
һߣ뿪ϴּ䡣սǴȴСһ˲ײһ
˼ʱֹס˲ԶԷΣ
Ǹǰ˳Ǹ⡣
ߵ̫ˡ˵
оãй֮Ե뿪˼֮󣬾Ͳˡ
ԣ蹷
л˵
дһ£
һ͹ǴҲܿɺװ˵Ĳ̶ˣݺù֣
滹кЩˣƽĴžǡжˣҲʲô򵥵


4 
оһֻ蹷֪顣
ʵϣݴʻ˵ʴǼʵġ
ûǼʡ
Щ˵ĲƸ͸ˮȨƲֵø˵ġվڶǣҪκεĶ׾١
һˡ
ʲô޷ע⡣ɽ亣ζҲã޽ҲãǷƸȨ޷һ˿һעеĶһŨص֮⡣
һֵһУ֣Ҳ޷֮ڵ硣
ˣоûзӦմȾһ˿ĺۼ󣬼糱ˮ㸳蹷ĳƺ
˷񣬲ϧһеش֮Уˣһص뿪ǵߡ
ĲǷ蹷Ҳˡ

㡭û°ɣ
˵ʮָߴվǰȻһСɽƵģסͷһƬԴҲûӰ֮Уֻһ˫ɫһգգע䡣
ͷ­΢΢£һĻȣվǰ΢΢һǶȡλò赲·ҲԽԺضԻ
ûµģõġ˵
űǩ˼Ľܣ˵벻㡣
˵ͻȻ΢ĲµĻȸˡ
ţΪЩҪȥ
ˣҾͲˡټ䳯ͷת뿪ˡ
˾ŲǺɫķ˿ŷڶļ򴦻䣬ûС
ֻǼ֮ջԼߣ·Ǿ´ʲôһ
ǱһֱڿޣԸ⶯֡Ŀ뿪֮Żصо˵
оޱ飬ʲô
˱ЩΪѣоõݳһֻĵ绰
оýӹֻͨ˵绰
ǱߺܿʹǶ϶ѾΪڵĿ޺ɳޱȣڿ޺ڼ˺ѷεĿԡ
оãֻһѣֻһѣˣȿȿȣˣ
ֻֻҲʲôֻǣֻǡȿȿȣ
¶ԷĿоõûչ¶κδı顣
ԣκ˳ϹϵġңҲûκ˿ô
ǱߵĿֹͣˡ
ֻǣֹ˼ӣ˼С
ʲôʸô˵оãʲôʸƾʲô϶Ը⣡㣡㣬뿪˼ң
ôȥ
ΪʲôҪȥԴΪʲô
оãҸ㡣ңҲ룡νҲŪ˲ˡ͵Űɣٶ飬Ҳһ࿴һۣ
о鲻䣬֪˶ᱻģȻġҲӦҲȻġ
˵꣬ۿˡ
˻⣬óһֻϢ
֡
绰һͷ̴У
оãѵ绰ѵ绰
Ǹҹ
ʲôסˣ϶źߺӵ绰ﴫѪⱻƵ˺
绰

оñŽ״ֱ̬һ˿ӵ绰һͷ
ڡ䡭
оý绰ҶϣֻŻ˵С
ˡо˵
ǡ
̳ȺеڸǣС
껻õ·ŹԱϢ
оŪˣ
ţǰӴϢ
¶мͷ˵ļһҲǳ顣
ùԱȥվھǰһװõԼ
ɫĶ̿ɫϥǵĿӣȰֱй̶˰ĵСȵͲ࣬һɫıñ
װ꿴ഺֻ
ôʱɴӾϿ˻䡣
㣬
̱סֱۣȫ֮ǰ˵ֻǣӡ
῿ļϣһ˫¶С䣬һΪ㶪Ҳˡ
ʵչ¶˲ʶϧ
õظԼϵߣãҵȵˡ
ȫ͸¶رСĻֻǾԲճ˾뿪һͲˣȻСԡ
İɣҲٴξܾĴԼֱۺˡ
õĬİЦݸʢèһֱۣʮ㣬ϲ
ĺϲ㣬ϲĲˣһֱȥ
૱ͣڶ˼һᣬǾ֮ٶһѯ
ڹ֣õʱͻȻ˼϶ǲеġҪ˼ɺӵģ̫ˡ
˵ԼİɶĳĬû⡣
ûбжٶԷڻӦϣ
Ϊ˭ԴģԼȫûеȵĻɡ߻ֺܶˣൽҪٴνѱȵ졣
ҪɣҪĳ̶ȻԶԶ
ĺϲޱϲĵһ۾ϲϲ޲Զߣǣֱ֣ۣĻУһֱԶ
ûа취İɣ˭ӲĲ׽ɡҪ׽ֻҪ֮ڣͻʧˡ
΢΢̧ͷǱֵ۵ףڶԷעһĨöɰ΢Ц
䣬䣬䣬䣬䣬䣬䡭
з֣ԸתκΡ
㣬ҰһҪҰӵһ𡭡
˭Ҳ֪ЦݲÿɰķӿŢ˭Ҳ֪ʱԺѾ˼ηճһΪĿ͹ˡ
깺ƷʱʵҪá·ֻ֮˰Сʱ˱Ѿ˶
ʱ̳棬ꡣ
صзβĴ˵ɡϣͨͨЩƬֻᱻڸǡ

ͻȻס䣬ɫ԰ס
һѵ˺룬ѿķ϶Ӵܳ˸İ׹⣬Ƭ̣»عơ
Ǹ㡣ңе´סɿ˳Ļ˵
ţһ졣
ɵһ۽˵ˮȴûղ䡣
ңһŬ˷ģ㡣
䣺ܸоʲôͻᷢ˵顣
ȻԤϵǰ㡣
ĺԽԽۿ糺죬ˡ
ɪ壬èһżΪԼô¶Ŭ̵ֱͦϸʴ϶׵ĲϱˮʪմȾһƬϸˮ⡣
Ǹ㡣ᣬңҺܿͲµġ
ſֿɰ
һ΢۸Сѵĸо
ǣֱۣ·Ϳһȥɡ
𣿡
š
ڰ䣬һһġ
ҵһƳ̳ϳ֮󣬰ɵֹס
Ǳŵʧֻǿˡϳ֮˵һЩĻԺ˯˹ȥ
ûƿš
˯εıʮְݣ׵ֿɰ
俴˰һᣬͻȻͷϵıǩƺ˸һ£ָֻԭ
ԺһƬΡ
ֻʮҵС꣬վǰ
ǵȴܹǸԵĲϣһǳɫ롣
ССһ㣬һ겱ߣһǸ겱ұߡ
Ǹһֻ֣Цӡ
ЩҪͽ˵ˣġ
л˵
ʱԳ¶
ıЩεģҴ»ϸڴдһдεҲһ̶Ƕġ
͸¶һ£뿪˼ʱʮ꣬ʱ˫ֻʮ꣨ٺٺ㣩
뿪˼ҵԭ򣬺оһĹϵ֥ô㣩вŻ˵о뿪˼ҵġ


5 
㣬㲻˵ģ԰ɣ
λͬǣָΪò԰ס
еԼûлشλСֱ֣꣬뿪ˡ
Ƭξжˡ
䴹һԼ֡
СкƺΪ㣬Ǿ˵ǹ˼ҵĺӡ
ӣǵĹϵе֡
˼һûͷ˼
ΣѾ뿪˹˼ңôǰͺûйϵûҪȥᡣ
ٴμᶨԼһԼˣȷɲΪԼĶѡ
ǰʱںܰĴȴûͣƣң·߶˻ˮ
꣬Ѱɡ
㣿۾Ժһ
ɿļϣĸ첲û֣ղ˲䡣
΢һ㣬ֽԼֱ۴Ӱɵֱгˡ
ͻȻ˺֮Уɱڸ֮µһ˲Ĳ԰ס
ٴ̧ͷʱһֻعȻ
˳ɡ뿪Ƴ̳ǰ
ΧһȦɫΧΧһСԺӡṩϢĶΡԺֱߣš
ɡڿڴ﷭˷־ȻûҵԿס
Ρ
¼ﲢûȷ˵ڵԿ׻ɻ￴ţҲֱӴѰҡ
㣿վԿʱ顣
꣬ƽʱĵطÿһѧʱ䣬ǵߵʱÿ°뿪Կ׷ſߵ桿
ɫıǩʱسǰ
գգۣűǩĻߵҵԿס
ţŰɽꡣ
̨ûп˹鼮ʱһһ￴飬ڵм¼Ȿĸ롣һĹ֮ڵм¼յ֧
Ǹַܣÿ֮ҵ鼮ǹࡿ
ĶϲĵطȻƽʱ̨ڣĶװζƵģÿ컹ʵĻװ
ʽҪκεƷ͵ģڸһĽǮ֮ԼʵҲҪԼĳղǺܺá
ͨ¥¥ݣǲֿʹ䣬һ䴢ţһ¾ͿΪǰ򹤵ṩһס
ÿһطǩͻṩصϢ̵ʱʧǰԼ顣
ͦġ롣
Ͱ˶¥˴š
䲢󣬵ǷһŴȫ㹻ġһĴÿԿꡣ
ﻹеңֻ۵ֻܽһ¡԰˵
ûбֳ˿ĲΪܹڵϢеˡ
ϲϲһŽ
ʰĶ죬ʱ˫
İɣĲ²⣬ǰͥЩӵġ
ȵʰϣʱѾҹ
˼һǵȽϺá
ǲŴֻɾŤŤܹ˵ʵѯܲĶ
ܹ͵Ķ࣬ǼӦһ»ǿԵġ
˵óǸôֻǿԵġ
ƽʱԼ𣿡
ϴѵʱ򣬰ͻȻѯ䡣
һ£㿴ǰıǩ
óյЩʱѡһЩ򵥵ʳǴ󲿷ʱ䶼ǵ
ЩʱԼǺóش
ԺΪ׼𣿡Цʡ
ϴõķѷϣıߣڴ
Ϣȵģſܸоݹ¶ȡ
껹ڻ׹䣬ǿҵķ紵Ĳϣž졣
佫ԼƵ˰ɵϣԷӡ
ʱŷԭĽɫ
ڹڷ˺ܾõѿǣǽըְ˿߹ǽС
ֻעӣ͸оǽˡ
ٴν˵ľһӹʵġ
ԭúõĹӰӹʣһ˲ĴԿհס
ɬӦˡ
ʱ仹ֻҪһֱߣǿԱģ԰ɣ
ʱ䲻ʮӣͱɶ˳ˡ
⻹ҵһκءҡ˫ȣ˫ֳ°˵
ͷлл
ҪֻͣͻȻ
俴ȥ˵ʾΪ֪
֪һȽĺѣƺЩ
ԣ˿
ͷ΢΢ֵԣԱǩĴ˸ε֪
ͨ˵绰
ι
ûпԭЦӯӯڿֻʾֺǿƶ
䣬ң㡭绰ͷһ
ıǲĴ
ҿȥֻһѣңҸоҡ
սֻģ
ᣬϸͻںһ
ڡںֻ֣ǣе㣿ֻǼһѣڡ
桭
վſڣš
κϸϸ˻һܱܡǹᾣ̧¶һڽ׵ļ
ļܰף׵ý͸ˮˢ֮ܿƤ֮µɫѪܡ
ŵ绰䣬ü΢΢𣬽ëϻ顣
䡭
ţֻл䡣
ͷ࿪ӣÿһͨꡣ
겢ûŲǽĶע
ͫ΢΢԰׵ɫпһ伴ĻغһҪ뿪˼һ㡣
ôˣʡ
΢һЩȻ֣ǰͣˡ
ûж
Ϊʱļ֪Σա
ʲôпܻʲô
һҵһṩ֧źֵͻưȻŢȥ
һجΡ֪˵
Ŀת䣬ָȴûǰֺ
μ뿪ˣ뿪ˡ
ë׹䣬ۿϵˮһһ
Ҫ뿪Ҫ뿪Ҫ뿪
˸ղŵج֮Уظһ仰˲̬ĵز
۲һᣬȻָⴥһ¼֪֡
ֻѵˮһ˲䣬֪Ȼع
ɴ˫ӱĲ̬ѹ
ɣ滹ꡣ˵
š
֪꣬ͽ¹ˡ
վԱߣż֪߽꣬ڵӰ֮Сת˲䣬ʹǰ޶µЦݡ
ʱ֡
֪վ󣬶Χȹû¶ʲôԵı顣
ȥһûиˬ·һ¡˵
֪ͷվԭزˡ
ȥɣҪŶȻˡ˵
뿪ˡ
ȥ󣬰ɵЦȫʧˡ
¶´ʪļ֪Ц˺ܾðɣȻû͸𣿡
֪ûд𻰣غһ仨һ
ҲûգתһЦЦı飬𽥿֪ڼ֪һ״ͣ
Ϊǰء
Цƽģ۵׵Ķⷭӿͬ
΢΢ſ죬ֻԼ֪˵һ仰
ܾ˰㣬Ǳ޵~
л˵
ٺ٣ԿˣԵʱ䶨µףֻʣ
һܲܿճʱո˵ĻǾ͸ո



6 
Ǹʱ򣬲˰ɣ
ӦѾϰ˰ɣÿ춼شڲϡ㿴е㾫񼲲ķżȥһۣͺһûõĻݲݱˡ
ЦŤһΪʵĶ⣬ǶİһʱҪ壬סעΪ˿Թ̶ʲôġ
Ϊʲôھȥأ
֪ĽëŲĴ˵
ǰΪʲôھȥأһʱȥ壬ӲдϣҲ̬ʸϣΪ˼ȡһܹȥ֡
뿪
ǰ͸ܵҪʹࡣ
ڲϻسصһ硣
ֻ֣̿վǰһĻҲ˵ڡ
·;һжǻҰ׶ġŨصǽѻҰΨһ
ǻﻹδ˵ڣͱܾˡ
ǶôĮ䣬Ҳ̸϶ᡣվһ
Һ㲢ʶ
ֻ˵һ仰ѣ˶ѡ
Ļ˲еǣ֮ʹͷĿѣ
ܿƣۿ
ܹо仰ͺһ˲ոе
ºҽԺĲ漣ѹҲޱȷ޷ߣ޷עӣԼһ
û䣬
ڣ԰ɳ֪Ҳ˵κηĻ
ա
¥ݴЬ̤ľƬ̣һë̺ˡ
û·ֻë̺ǿһ¡
ɵЦ˲תһûʲô˼ĵЦݣչ¶ޱȿɰЦݡ
ڿԳˣ㡣
֪ӹë̺Ȼϡ
ɷһıٶȲеһ˿Ĳ졣
ֻҪһˡǸجξһ죬ֻҪ뵽ȥĿܾͻ̲ס˼
ڸʵë̺£֪յڻ
̲סٴλǰȥԺ˳ǧĻ棬ڻĩˣ˽ĳ
ȻȻظһԼһȺȡ
û޷ͺá
Ϊڰ￴˲ʶװ¶ģ԰ҲֻǿԼЦݣ˳˼ҵĴ֮
λʶ˰Ҷû˵㡣
֪Ų˵һڿůůӺ󣬾ô俴
ƣðɻװҲġ
˭˵һһⶢ䣬ϾֻԼƵġ
ʵϣ˵װͼ֪ǰԼ޲ȫʣԼ䣬Ϊ˵ķ˾ͿȻһˡ
Ȼ뷨쿪ѶȿھŤͷ˵ҺϲŶ
֮İӿûӰ쵽䡣
ҲΪ֪ԼղõԵʣʳ̬൱档
һһڳԼǰԼ֪רעûκεĲʣüͷһ¡
ɼ֪ԼҲŶǿԼȥ˵
ˣһٷʱվȻЩ͡
ȳԹ֮󣬰ɺͻݽ˵ʰá
꣬˶û˵һʱЩΡ
֪Ҳûôˣë̺䵱籦Լ硣
ˣ
ֻװϢ
ϢѯǷȥ
룬˶Է϶Ĵ𰸡
Ҫʧ䣬Ҳ֪ҪʲôȥĿǰ˵Ϥĵط
Ϣ俴һʱ䣬־ȻѾϾŵˡ
ɵøоһ㱣ԭѾŵˡ
ȷԼʧ俪ʼڣԭô飬ôˡ
һԴʹصԼ˫СȥϢˡ
վ߰Ҫؼҵ飬һЩע
Сӣѯʼ֪ϾǩǺѣٵñһ¹ġ
֪ǿˣȫȻûиսǻʱҪĸоǿɴ
ֻҪһѣˡ֪˵
Ĵ΢΢һĨЦ⣬ò˼飬Ǵ̬ȷʵһԻһСϧ顣
Ȼ⡣
ǩ˵ǺѣǾǺѡοԼҲԼЩƤжٴС
ӿ˿ʼ֪Լϵĸ֪ǱȽϵڳ˵ġ
ˣ뿪꣬ҵƳ̳ǰԼԴС԰˫
겻Զʮӵʱ͵ˡ
˳ıҲС˺ܶࡣ
ɴûдɡֱӲеſڡ
ѧҵȫµԴС԰˫ƽʱϢĵط֮Ϊҡ
Դ뿪˼ңҪһֻԼĵط˶мһֻԼµı󵽸ƣСݲݣһһдġ
ǩܹʱΪṩõϢ
ſʱָƽʳָȥ
ֻġ֡һſˡ
뷿ţվشһȦڵơ
ûдǰļ䣬Ҳڵһ۾ϲڵĲá
֮ڱڹһ飬ϤԼʧԺŵļҡ
ϴ֮¹﷭ҳ˯£ֻı¼ȷһ컹ʲôû顣
ļ¼Ѿˣ뵽飬Ǵ
װɣǩ֪оã˾δ
֮΢΢üͷûַ
Ӧûʲôֵ˰ɡ롣
˼ʱֻĻĶ˵һš
˼˫ڽδ硷
˼ң
ԺиֳƬΣòƶ͹˼йء
ʵϣ͹˼˲ûѪԵϵ
¼ͻȻһɫ֡
ָ΢һû˵
ǹ˼ҵһηŮûãһη˾Ͳˡ˼Ҵʱ˫ӣǹ˼ҵڶη˵ĺӡ
˺󣬵ڶηΪ²òšû꣬˼ӭȢ˵ηˡ
˼˫ʮʱ뿪˹˼ңӴ˺͹˼ûκεϵ
͸¶Ϣ࣬Ҳ˴ǰһЩ
ֻǶԱ˼ҵ˫ӣע֡
һ֣Ǳǩ
¼̻ظǵġ
һֱҵ𣿡
ǵġ翪ʼҾߡΪ㣬һֱ˯ѡ
Щ⣬ʧй𣿡
ʵܱǸΪոѣܶԼûа취ʱϣټļͻȻͷţʲôǵõľ桿
ֻ˼Ƭ̣˼˵ʧǰѾԽǵԼǴԽġѵʱҸպûָԽǰļ䣬ԲŻ𣿡
ǵġ
ԭˣҲ˵ΪʲôԼֻԼԽӡˡ
ûʲô˸лǷŭֻǾЩˡûãͽ趨
ô֮Ŀʲô
ֲʧ⡣벻õģҷΣһȫճֱеļָΪֹ
֮ǾǹΪϵͳֹϵץȡ꣬顣ǻӦĲ֮ĸԸǻǷصԭ硿
Գ˾ȵģԭ磿
л˵
Ѱ˼ţɺŶ࣬Ҳ
֪Ʋ֪ʵجģħ
ŷָĽȺôˣԭһʱ仹ûţ



7 
ǵģҪصԭ𣿡
Щ䲻֪λشˡ
ԭǵôģʲôˣʲôѣ֪ͨͨʧҲûкõȥ
˼ȥ˵Ǿ͵ȵָԺɡǸʱӦþͿ֪Ƿȥˡ
õء
任˯£ڵĵƹʺ˯ߵȺִ򿪱¼
ÿ춼ñ¼𣿡
ŶֻϾŵ㵽ʮ㣬Ҳſͨ¼㽻ճУֻϵͳͨϽм㣬ΪṩϢ
ˣлл
лΪҵҡ
ǩͦòģĬĬ롣
佫ֻ֣˫˯ˡ
ԭΪԼʧһ£û뵽û硣
ٴʱ䷢Ѿʮˡ
ֻϰ˵ʱյ˰ɵϢѯǷҪȥ͡
ѾȥСʱѰ˼Ҫͳˣ硣
ӦȥǾ͸ɴȥȥʱõ緹ʱ䡣
ϴ֮󣬴¹﷭ҳҪ·
ˣ
ֻһκֻ
ûü鿴Ϣͷֻ˲һڷ𶯣ϢһһĻצչԼĴڸС
΢΢ü㿪һϢ
ûκεֺͼƬֻһ֡P
ÿһŶˣƤֿɰĻʱһӵļûУǷˢȥü
˼Ƭ̣˴ǰϢ¼ʷ¼ûҵһƵϢҲ˵Щǽſʼġ
ʱֻȻֹͣӵĶ
֮һֺըֻһεֱˡb
侲ĬؿһֻĻһ¼Ƶ֮˸ģʽʹֻˡ
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ӱβҪ˶ʱ䡣
˾֣ŷִҶæµĶƷˣŲҴңɫҲæ
ӹŮݹˮ˵һлл
ŮƺЩȣɴ˫Ŀæ˵л֮ʹҴ뿪ˡ
ӴڻкһЩˣΪҪǰߴֿղȴġ
һ㱵ĸŮһԴ߰οţʵԼҲ㲡
һòĸŮˡǶԱŮԣĺܶ࣬ҲΪʱĵȴԳ˼ֲá
һλ꣬ͣһ֪Ϊʲô
˰СʱҲпճֵľǰ顣
ʱǸ㱵ĸŮƺˡ
ˣóֻһһۿֻݣڷȷʲô
ǱߵڴӴоѡ
羪֮񣬻˽ӴһȦ϶˺ü룬һߡ
ңңһ£֪Ϊʲô쾯ôæµһˣһֱûеȵ
΢㶣ҡͷܱǸҲá
ǣæʲôһЩ𣿡ʱһߵĸŮеŮˡ
ƺǶûʲôøУһŤͷߺŵüͷ˿Գ˾ִٵ̬
Ҫ˵ĸɫͻȻˣҪסŮ첻˵
ˣ˵ʵҪ˵Ͷ̥ҲôɡŮ˵
꣬ԽӴľƲ죬˵˵ĸҹõСˣҲþֵҿ
Ͼݽ˭ǿǷĺܡ
ǸŮˣŮô˵૵ԭǹˣòǱġҪǱĶˣһ춼ҲҶˡ
һֻôãҲûʲôáŮü˵
ֿ꣬Һǰ֤ģأҪʲôҪ飬ǾûҪˡƣƵҵĵ㡣
ûðſĿİ˵Լˣñ
ûлشŮ⣬ʣһֻΪʲôҪңҪôá
Ǹ⣬俴ȻҺʲô׵飬ȫ۾¶˼顣
ǿǵһֳֻ𣿡Ů˵ǰһиСΪĹ㳡ĵܲÿ²˻Լèĵء
ˣԭǸʲôʫ˵ģǵˡǸʫͦЦģ
Ů൱ڶгΧԭһüëҲɿһЩ
ֻ䣬ޱϣеˮѾȴ
ֻѾûкըʽϢˡ
óֻϢ֣һģһĻ
ҵ~

ʲôܸо鲻Ǻܺá꽫һйͷﳵЦŶ˵
ţɵ˼ԼıǲǺԣȻΪʲôᱻװ
ɻװЦݲ䣬˵Ȼıûʲô仯ôˣܸòһЩġ
ͣ˽Ųվߡƽרע񣬾ͺ֮Ҳκζˡ
ʲô飬ҶΪ׼ġ˵
̶첻ʱ䣬װ˺öƵĻ
䰲һᣬ˵һҹӵСˣڻûҵ
õشװЦݲ䣬ԭһҵĺӣҲѹˡ
ƺͶ˹ĹӸʶ
û˵ʾװ˵ȥ
ҵһżһЩҹӽӴö֪֮ǼҺӵ顣ǡãǸ˹ĹӸ磬ҵѽ˵¡
ΪǵĶ̫󣬴ŵģһҵѺ˵һ˵ġ
벻װЩ⡣뵽ǴӳпʼѣǸʱԼû뿪˼ңʶһЩҲǱȽġ
鵹ǴǰһСӡװͻȻЦһ
Сӣɻ
šŹﳵʼǰߣֻǺܿϧֻӱҵĸĸŪˣȻǻܼӡ
ĽŲһ٣ΪʲôҪŪ
װЦݲ䣬ԭƺӰѧҵʲôġѾþԶˣ䣬ҶǵЩˡ
žણ
һͽ۱궪˹ﳵֽͷײ˶û˵ʱ
һ̸о˺ͽȫһĸо
һֻУһЩ˼ԼԴƣ
ڷǴʧ֮ʹڵָоʲô
ǰǩӳоͿʼˣ˺þã˵㣬ΪʲôźҳΪѣΪʲô뿪˼֮û뿪أ
֣ʼͺ֡
Ǹں˿ʼŮڵĿˡɹƷʱн糿ھ뿴һС
һͻȻЩԼʧǰΪʲôҪ뿪˼ˡ
ҲԼΪʲôҪ뿪˼ңɻΪʲôװΪ˾СôҲϲߡĺѡ
л˵
ۣղأ
ո½ں͵ղسΪȣͣ



8 
ΪʲôΪѣΪʲôԸȥ
װȥ˼Щ⡣Ӳȥ˼Ͽһ
ЩװЩɡĶռһ˿һ
ԣ˺Ȼ
ǣ⣬ش
Ҫôشװѵ˼һ¡
ƽＸǲ˼ģΪûбҪ飬û˼ȥʲôôģú˼һ¡
߳ĳĬʼˡ
ǽҪĶ빺ﳵȻǰ̨ˣŹ뿪Уװû˼Ȼ
Ϊѻش𣿻ʲô֮
װǰ粻öĶ˼ΪʲôǷһһֱܵ״̬
ʵ޷˼õĴ𰸳װֻܳΣʵʵ˵ֻ֪һҪߣԾˡ
𰸸ò֪ĻΪװǸʧˡ
ҲʲôһҪ׷ȥˣҲֵĴ𰸡
վڳеſڡ
ֹ˲֪ãʳһµ⡣
Һ㣬Ϊʲôʶģ
ʳʱ䶼ò˼顣
ʵָ̫ˡΪദĺѣȻѯʳΪʲôʶ⡣ǹϵκõˣЩɻ
װûС
Цݴʼնº͵ģҲûǡ
ڳǸʱ򣬼˵״˶˵ֻҺͶԱûһȥǾˡ
˵ʱװü˺üȣ۽ǵἸ
𰸰Ƭ̣
һ󰲾
װҲûٷʲôվԺһλã
ЩȺҪõĲϣΪڵĶˣ԰һһ䡣
׼ȥʱԶһ
˭ſңſң
Ůӣͦ졣
ʶȥƼɫװ׳ץһϸŮ
ŮĶȺܴȵҲܴ󡣾һ޸֮Ůԣߴͷ׳ʵΪ
ΧҲû뵽컯ô󵨣վΧɫݣûǰҲû˶ִ绰Щǿһ۾ͽŲæ뿪ˣ±ǣһ
䱻ǰһĻһ˲䣬һ룬ֱǱߡ
װɫ䣬ĲеĹζķȶж仯
ȵȣңң
ô˵Ķ͸ֽˮһȫá
ֱĿƲڳڵŮˡ
¸ŲҲܹܵŮͶԼǱ
һԵײһԲӬĲͷ
ҧ֪Լٲ˳ͷˣȲɵСһЩ
ǣ׷ǰһ˲䣬ŮȻɫ
ֻʲôХ󱻱ļһתۣͱ˵
һз̫ˣӦɫװ˾͵ڵסֱۺʹ۵ò沿
ԼˣȴһϤĲٴ𾪡
С㣿Ϊʲôҡ
ЩļµŵذϵˣԾ̾
ţˣͱϸС㼸̵ˡ
ڣС
䣡
ӱŮˣĿɨͷϵıǩ
Ů䣬ԸŰʱڵĺѣȴΪĳЩԭѡ
Ů׻ɫİȹķݽޱȡǸ˳üëǽεʢˡ
صű䱣˵Ҫƶߡ
൱ƽ޲Įûκε
ղŵΪΪԡ
ıٶŤһ˲תһı顣
Ц䣬ӦûɣǸ˾δޡҶ⴦ͼλļˡ
䣺Żѧġ
Ҳ֪ģңҪ͸ܶϾϵģĻ̷˵
ǣʲôϾϵһûҪ飬ҲǶ໨Ǯ
Ŀۼϣ䣬Ǵǰ֣ڰң
ûжǾңʲô
Ȼ֪ĸ㡣
ҲάֲסԼı飬һ˫䣬ͼһ
ãҧг˵䣬㵽ҪΪִΣ
֮ǰҲˣһΣֻһײΪʲôҲҪֹң
е֪˲Ϣ䲻ɫһЩ
װǶһȻԱߵλ
ûװŭǵŲһ´ǣŭЦ
䣬֪İɡ
һߵı
ᣬӳóһɫСƤ䣬򿪡
ȥٴγʱһѾµŮʿ/ǹ
ѵõü£ֿһЦݣǹڶ׼ָڰϡ
䣬һǹԴҲûκ˿Զһ˿һ
Ȼһֵ᲻һۿ
˵䣬ҲΡΪֻһƶ񣬲ǴǰĹ˼ҴСˡ
ʧȥ˹˼ҴСݵ㣬Ѿǲһˣ
Ůƺ൱⣬߸üëǽԵʮ㡣
һᡣͻȻ˼
ǰһվǰ˵ľֻʣơ
ͫȻһ˲˵ʲô
̧֣֧ǹѹôһᾡܣͽ
סˡ
ɫ԰ףѹƵֱȻ̧ķһǹ
أ
һ𣬾ر˫Ŀ
䣡
Ů˽ǹڵϣ˺ѼеģȫȻոյʢˣǶ˼ֲ̬
ΪʲôΪʲô
ŵ۾ۡ
װûκα仯ֻ۽ǵ·һɫĺۼ
Ȼղŵһǹûдǲ۽ǹȥˡ
óֽ˹زȥ۽ǵѪ飬˵С㣬ʱ䲻磬ȥɡ
ͻȻزǿָЩǡ
װһ룬֮ƿߡ
ٴʱѾȫָ˷̵ı顣
粻Īģʵǽ׽
ʾ½ϵǹװСƤڡ
䣬ٸһλᣬһΡֻҪԸ⣬һֱѡ˵
ؽγڣͬϡ
ˣղһ仰˵ˡڰƤϣЦݽġ
䣬ǹ˼ҴС㣬һǲġ˵ң˼ҵһ˫ӣҲΪ
ԶǣΪߵģ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
ڲȥһ̣˫Զ׼Ц⡣
㣬Ҳı䲻ˡ
뿪ˡ
С㣬лл㡣ڻл
ҡͷû£´עͺá
ע⵽װס۽ǵģЩǸ⣬Ǹˡ
װЦģܺһͿˣҲЩġ
⻰Źֵֹģ仹΢ˡ
ľǸм˵˺һҪлĻϵʽ뿪ˡ
뿪ӸСˡ
侲Ĭһᣬ˼Щʲô˼
൱ħãҪ֪ԼһԭĻ˴ϰˣĿڴϿǹ
֪Լĵе䣬ǲκԭž顣
ֻǣȵģԼûзӦͳȥˡ
ղŵ𣿡װͻȻʡ
ţЩ棬ղʲô˼
䲻Ҫع˼ң𣿡װ⡣
Բװ۽ǵ˺۲Ѫ˵Ѿܺˡ
װüΪЦݶ΢΢𣬡
ͻȻȥѪʡ
˿װ
ʰĶѯº󣬵һǰ˱顣
䣬ǰͣ£΢΢ԼĿ¶䡣
ֻҪ䣬ҶڵģԶʵЦ͸һ˿ͳϿҡ
ҵһУΪϵġ
Ȼ
ֲ˼ĻٴϮЮһֻĵУĴһĻ硣
оһֱҹ뿪صԼļС
һҪʶָоʱˡ
谵ıڣվشܵϵֻ֡
ȷ˵֡
ȵϢϣж
ڰ֮Уֻдɫ¹΢΢˵
ͬĻ
ҵ~
л˵
ı˹˹


9 
˼ҵ˫ӺϲһηŮǹ˼ڵԼܽġ
Ҳûʲô飬Ҳڵķ˲ǵĸ׵Եʡ֮˫Ӻϲ㡣
ϲ飬Ǳ׽ԲصϷ
Ƕ˼լѰҡҵһ֮˫֮һͻý²ǵǸ绹ǵܵܡ
ܸǲϺλò³ǵݡ
˫ӳЩ֪öڸסˡΪԸԭ򣬽ܹ³˭˭
˫Ӳڸ˺֮󣬾Ϳʼѧβýֲˡ
ʼװһ·һñӣһЬӡ
˵һ˵һ죬ͬͽ
ǵԸǿʼӵͬϲãΪʼͬԽԽ˴ˣԷԼһ롣
ڣǱһģһ˭Ҳֲǡ
Ĳ²⿪ʼˡֲǰ˭Ǹ磬˭ǵܵܡһǣ֣һ˵ͬĻͬ飬ǿĿⶼһģһ
ǳΪһˣҲ޷˷ֿˡ
Ҳʱ򣬽뿪ˡ

㣬²˭أ
ͬĻһģһͬȵ¶ȡ
оԼʲôסˣͬһ𱻼ѹ롣һߣһұߡ
һƬ谵֮У俴ͷϵıǩ
ڹ˼ҵĵܵܣ˫еĸ磬Ըӣϲ׽Ū
ԣ
ңڹ˼ҵĵܵܣ˫еĵܵܣԸӣϲ׽Ū
ԣ
䣺ֵܣһģһġ
һ£ֵûз˼
룬˵ûֱ档
ߴЦ
ţ߼ͬ׷ΪЦ΢΢Ĳ
ŶҪ³ߵ˵
ȻᷢһЩ˵顣ұߵ˵
䲻Ǻ֪˵ʲô飬Ϊһûκμ·˼ףҲԼʧǰԴܵʲô̬ȡ
뿪˼ʵǲǾ͵Լûеܵˣ
˼άɢһ̶ȵ䱻ֱ۽ѡ
ǳĬһ˲˵ߵǸ磬ұߵǵܵܡ
ֱֻͣսĶλЦҲֹͣˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãЦ˵ˣҪʲô𣿡
ҲЦ˵ʲôǶŶ
仰һϣǾֻһ٩ˡǹ˼ҵ˫ӣվĽˣȻҪʲô͵õʲô
ſңȻ󿪵ơƽ޲˵
һĬ׼˵ʱɿ˳㽫ڵĵƴˡ
λҲչǰ
ͬɫףͬķͣǹĻȶһģһ·Ƿֳ룬ҵͬꡣ
֣ڵϹģҲס˺룬Ϊʲô㻹ܹأɻ󣬾µ͸һȻ޹С
̧֣Լ¶һڰ޳Ĳƹ֮£һССĺԵúޱȣĵµĺɫ֭һƳһųȡ
ҽþöûмǣ֮ǰ뿪ʱҲֲǡôڼ棬һӾϳ֡һֳֻ°վڹҵԱߣÿüëšһ
λһģһվһΧĻأɫĵƹ⽫ΧǵɫϵװУǾµòǴ뻭еʻ
֮תָĴţôģ
Ǹղ˵Ļ뿪˼֮ҲûмˣҲûϵ
ôˣôģ
û˵ֻӵָΪŪԼķβ
˫ӶССĺɫβͶ̶̵һСأôڲһߡ˳ָźɫķ˿Ūһ
ȻͽЦ
ߣĴʾ˵ĺ顣
ĶȻһҪ䱧ڻȴ˺üܾˡ
ôģٴһ顣
ЦͻȻϣ¶һʵɻ顣
һ˫ÿ˫ǲ⣬ھܾ𣿡
ŤͷԼڰ淢βĵܵ˵ոھܾ𣿡
רŪβĵܱܵʵһ㶣͸ڳͬɻ顣
Ϊʲôʵ
Լķβŵһ飬Ϊʲô
ھܾ𣿡˫ͬ˵
΢΢üͷϵϷɿؿһۣ˵ǣôģ
£ֵܵ沿˿հס
˫˫ޱ鿴䡣
ǵ֡һֺӶİ֮档һĨ֮УֲǶİ֮ռȲҪеĳȡ
㣬ǲԵġ˵
ΪǵĽ㡣˵
򴽣ѯǵô⣬ɴÿͨŵĵĵ·뿪
ĬһĳĬ·ȥһôá
Ǿûа취ˣֻˡλڳһı飬ͬ˵ͬĻ
Ȼ
һ룬ڿṩյĵ飬谵п֮
оԼץסˣǰȥ
Ҫѣһֱֻ۲ס˫Ƹǡ
괩ףļ֪Ǳװοۡ
֪˫֮и绹ǵܵܵĶߣɺ
һɣ㡣
л˵


10 
һϣһҪӶһֻûбֱۣȴٴαץסˡ
ǰһƬڵλʲôվλֻǸоúܽ
ܹƶڵֻҪ΢һ˿һվͿԺǼס
ʲôʡ
˫ֱ̧סʲôϸĶ
ָʶɪһ£㴥Ķһһָ⡣
ںڰ̧֮ͷ֪ܿˡ
仹ûʲôϸû
ƺǽײŻᷢ
գ
󱻱Ļ״סˡ
ʱ򻹲֪ҪʲôǾǱˡҲΪľٶǵ൱εĸ
㲻õģܿͺ~ĶЦΪ˷ֹ֮ǰһֱ뿪ǣһЩԤʩġ
Ӧÿǵİɣ
û˵˦˦
϶Ĳʺһ˵⡣
ûϵŶΪǰûнӴ~˫ӷ׷Ц
Ỻһưһƣӿǵ£Ǻ߾˻ΧĿȾ˳ʪ
ûб飬۾Ӧ˺ڰ֮գգۡ
˵
ɵĽǹ͹Ҳġ
ĻڴǰҲֹֻ˵ξС
ǹЮϲõĿֱӳϴԶˣǳðݵȪУȫ¶ó
ù԰ϲĽ㰡
Ǳƣ΢ԼϣҪһֱȥŶ
ܱǸҾܾ䵭³һ仰
˻һ͹Ҷסˡ
΢΢ü¶ЩԹɫŶ㡣
Ҫ
˵껰Ϥġաһ˲־ͱסˡ
΢΢ſڣѯʽʲôˡաһ
оס˫ֱҪſ˵ʲôһʹ
ۣʹ
Ϥġաһ룬ҾͱһקǰԼĸײһ
ԭе䣬֮ǰ뿪ˣ
󱻽ˡģҲ֪Լĸ类һȭ
û취һʹ̫ˡ
󱻴ұߵգ۵졣ֻܵܺЦûգս˵ܵС˵Ϊ˽ģûעŶֵİɡ
ס߷˵ǲ׽ŴģҪԼ𡣡
˵ļ϶ٴλָá
佫ڵıõϵͳ򿪺صأ˫Ӿ˫ֱһ𻹲ͶԷ죬֪ոһȭûֵܶ⡣
뵽ͷϵֵֹԣҲˡ
žͲǺôһȭûзӦҲġ
͹ͬʱŤͷЦ൱޹ȫǵǸո׼ʲôƵġ
ͬĶɰԼǿľ£Գֹܡ
ҪʲôŶ~˫һͬ˵
ȫˣ͸ڴ顣
䣺
ں˼ǷҪǻ糿ھ飬ֺݺݵóĬˡ
ǱҲû˿ôɡϣӵܵһֻͨ˼ҵĺӾ
ο˫ӴǰݻĵܵܣǾ͸ɲȥİˡ
ͷһΣ뿪뷨
ûϸ˼ȥشĵ޴
أ
ǹ죬ʱˡ
һ룬Ĵű߿һ˼еشУ
˫ҲͻĲ֮һСǵǼ˺˫˫¶顣
ǹӣһӾŵζˡЦ
ϾǷ蹷һζͻɥʧǡͬЦ
ֻ䣬ͻȻɫ԰׵Զԡ
ıʲôֵתվΪʲô˿ȥ磿
ȻڵĲǱΪ蹷ˣкһϵȫװ͵ͷһ¾ͳĹӶ
һʱ䣬ĸʵʺܶ˾ӽڱشˣ൱Ρ
Ҳ֪˶ãָ̧űȺˣ˵ýǶ뿪
оûһᶯ˶̧ʾ˸Ͽ뿪ˡ
ϾǮ£ӶȻһͻˡ
̱ÿյġ
Źϰɡ˵
оúȥţΪ𻵵źϲϣ˺öζûãֱվſڣţԷֹٴα紵
ǸĸߴˣվſڣŻеȮӡ
ֹ
Ƕ첻ضãô벻̶̵ʱ߾Ȼдʮµݡ
ԱߵĻסͺˡѵ
оתԱߵĻƹסš
ºˣֻĸˡ
Ըɴذ蹷ϳȥŶЦͬһߵĵܵҲЦ
Եѽ蹷Ѿܴˣʵ˷绯ҵĶſھ
оû˵ĶԶֻķµͷ˵
һʣôΪʲôأ
ߴ˾Ĭ˺ܾãŻ̧ͷ¶һ˫쳣üĿΪҪ㡣
еġǡָǹ˼˫ӡ
۹蹷˵ʲôأǺͽĹϵɱúõ̫ˣ
䷴Ӧ͹ҾȷǻϢ൱޴
ʲôǰойϵǱǩΪʲô˵أ
˶ָûԳκε˼о˵Һܸл²ûзʲô
ָָһ˫ӣ˴߰ɡ
Ļ˫ӷ׷׵ɴ˫㣿
оõǵͷøɴ࣬־קס֮ӵ㣬Ȼŷߡ
˫ϹԹԾͷҽко÷֡
䲻Ϊôš
ſڣۼԼҪоקȥ͹Ҷһ̴ۣӱ˴˵ж˻
оãȰ÷֡˵
ϾȲüСϾ˵
оõһʶҪڷŮӣȴӲֹסԼĶ
˫ӵ޶µĲ΢Ц޹档
˵Ҫǽ֪Ūˣôأ
һɡÿĺÿ~
ǵӰһΪȹɿĲϣɫޣѩĺ÷Ҫۡ
ûҪķ蹷Ȧûʸӵеķ蹷~
оõĴɫһò԰ףͫ׸Ϊ˾ܵ޴ĳ
˵ĿЦõ˫ӣ֮ȴоǺڷŮӵעԼȫɨӡ
ӵȦʸûеķ蹷
һֱӵеġڻ谵һ̣ӵˡ
Ȧ֮УͨζĲϣǶѪȻԶӡС
ǵġ
ǻһʽѡ
ʽⱦı棬һ޳УҲճķʽһ˽С
һѹֵµķһվǱߵĺڷŮԣȻֱӽ˫ק˴š
л˵
˳ͷʲôĺˬŶ
дĳܹ¿ǳͷһ



11 
оק˫뿪֮˶ݵĳĬѾȫϵĴžҪ绰רҵԱ°װϡ
ڣоúܿͰŹӶҵĴװ޺ˣĵػµĵ
ǹӶȴװ޻СûаСõУԼһ¹棬ʾ´λʲôԩٹʸߵĻǡ
ͷʾ֪ˡ
װ޺֮һᣬҲûеȵоµŰݷá
Դʧ俪ʼѾˣֻеĵ͡
һεоþǩ˵ǽм֮ԵѣԼ˼֮ʶѳװҲûϵˡ
ôǼ֮ԵоãΪʲô֪˫׼Լʲôأ
˼룬Ҳ벻Ǽ֮ԵĹϵоñðŵ˼ҵķҲҪɡڵ֪ԼȻ֮оþȻû˵˼
ֱǡַֹɡ
һ˼޹ɴ˼
ϴڴһ飬˵ӵͼ
ʧǰİţ죬ڵͼѡһط
ֻǣָĻͲ֪ôѡˡ
ĬƬֻ̣˫ۡ
֪ƣȫ£Ժƺʲô֣ε˯ߡ
˳ӦطԼ硣
⣬˫ӵѾƻϡϡڵϡ
͹ҷ׷ŤӲ󣬾ϵı鶼һİ
ÿ湻찡
Һߺ䣬ĿԽذΧĹӶǱѾϨƵı
㻹Ǻʹǰһһ仯ûССԹ˵
˫ӵĿǰĬˣͬ˵û߳ܵķ蹷
˵Ŀ뿪ʱѾȫһˡ
ӵóҲӵѹ֡
û˵˼˫Ҳûա
˵оҲֻһֻ嵽ǰȥ·ˡҪģǱǸӵı֡
ɡվţȫȻûнΧĹӶǷ
ɫ裬˵Ϻ£ԵûһͬĵܵҲͬı֣Ѿ湻ʧȥµĺӣжʧȥȤͻȻ
ŪȵϢ͸ˣɼȫΪ̳ˡ˵
оõıûб仯ĿǲӦȥ
˻һ˫ӵıֳ̳ͬ
ûʸڽǰӦ㣡˫Ӽ㣬Ų뿪ǣ
оޱ顣
սסʱӶͻȻһЦ
оûûеӰĵزϹº͵Цݳ
ߣǷֿóһ·ĹӶ
ĳ˫ϵ֮Ũңôﶼ㰡÷
װû˫ӣǿоãȻ˵Уûʸվ˵ġ
~⻰˵϶ˡһ䡣
ĻõܷܵЦͬ˵ϧˣ˵ǸҰ˵Ҳϲأ
ô˵ת˸ȦȻ˵蹷ɡЦϾռ˲𣿡
ܵһЦϸϸţ۽ǶЦ÷졣
װô˫ӶоõļЦ˫ЦˣŶ˵
ͬˡ
һ仰˲˫ӱɫ߰Ķ˲Ͷװϣ̳븹
װûб˵ס˵ϾѾ¹˼ˡҲ˵䲻ҪĶ
䲻ҪĶȻΪźá
ἰеŮԣЦʵ˼֣ĺҹ֮оȻ˼ɫ
ǣһΪ㰲šЦ
ҵûôż϶´һװųһƤЦⲻЦı顣
ɣǷҲ͵뿪һֱӰ㶪
װЦݲ䣬ҪĽһ׼õġ
һЦеӣǸоһȭ޻ϣûúܡ
ûԸԷŭģЩʧ
ôλ뿪ɡװһ롱ơ
˫ӷ׷Ʋ죬ֵ൱Ը
Ȼ϶ڵװҶǣ˭֪оûʲô
һ蹷ûб߽硣ղſֱӴϳôȻпֱӿǹǵԴ
˵ǵͲЩ
ĿǼ㣬ͽһЩ顣ʹ;ˣôĿһ˲
˼άģʽѾﵽ˿ֲһԵ˫˵Уͬͬı顣
˫·װʱ΢ͣһᡣ
ɱŶ~浽̵װ˵
뿪װЦƽ
ѾȺʱĺͷҲ뿪ˡ
ӳʧװŽעΪѷоϡ
Ŀһʩᣬ߸ϣһݵİ
ҺܸһܹΪһЩûҪˡ
оôóĬشװ
һĨƽܵ΢Ц۵׸Įؿ¡
㻹˽˵
ûҪиĽڶ¹˼֮󣬸ǲʹǰ˲ϵ
Խ䣬ΪʲôҪô˽أ
ΪԼ˽֮УȻ
Ϊ˽Ϊ̫ˡ
Ͱ㣬ûʸǰɣ
һһ䣬ͬ޺оõ࣬ѪؽΧĸⶼƿˡ
оõɫԽԽ԰ףŵ·ͼЩ̴Ķ⡣
ʧˡ
һֻҰɡȳζѪͳ⣬ΪԼֵ顣öİΪʲôĵҪǰ
˵˴۵¶һ˿ıˡ
˫ǰָţƺʲô޴İʹ
ǰǼ㻹Ӧøе֪㰡ֶĵĴڣܹξӦøе㰡
ΪʲôҪе㣡ôңôҲ㣡
ͻȻ÷ŭΪһΪʲôҪõô࣡
Ъ˹ļ£Ȼ̧ͷעǰꡣ
أ
Ҫõʲô
Ŀֿ£ߣҪõʲô
ҽҵݣҴӲ̤߰벽
пˣҪϵõʲôǲġû˿о˵
ҪΪЩ˸ʲôȻġҲܵõκζҲȻġ
ôôõ㣬Ҫϣõʲô
˵ƽ޲еǹûб顣
ԣԲС
û˿ԶκεĶǲģԼǲġ
ԣǰ꣬Ҫ
л˵
Ц˯ڳͷ



12 
ǹڵĶͷϣ˿۶ֻҪ΢һָӵͻᴩͷ­
ȴûбǹھ
ƺǲ⣬ʩһ˼
ãװѵԼĴǿȥһ֮顣
Ҫϵõһ䣬ΪʲôҪأ
ΪԼǰģȻΪ˶ģ𣿡ҵɡ
˫ΪղŵĽѪ˿ǽڷʮָմȾϵĺɫĶ󣬽ֱ۸ѳ롣
оãˡЦ
ϵ̬İװ۵һűūͣҺǲһ
ҵ壬ҵ˼άҵҵꡣӵеһУҶΪסûеģҲΪ׼á
˽
üë𣬷·ﶼǰġ
ҪְĶҵĴʻ
£Χ˰
ǹƿĶͷջء
һ֮װѵѾûʲôҪо˵ľˡ
ԸʩôһʱҲΪеմ߶ѡвؽôԼע̬Ǹɴֹ
˴ߣҪءװ˵
оõɨһȦΧĹӶͻȻ߶ĳһϡ
˵棬Щ˲ҵġ
ʲôװһʱû΢΢Ťͷ
һ룬ʲôƿնĶͷɹȥ
ʹ֮ȵҺ˳ŶͷĻ£׹۾ҰȾһƬ
װգգۣһκʱ䣬̧˶ͷϵ˿ڡ
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ΧĹӶҲ˲궯Χһһ¶⡣
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˵꣬ӶڵϣȫȻ˹ӶǽĺΧȦ뿪
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Χһжʮ㣬ֻǺʱ˷ıϢ
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ģģξ֮УϡǵڴŮ
֮󴿰ɫУȾŽɫĳѾ˺ɫ沿ͣž㶵ı飬ƺǲǰ顣
ĶͷһԲסɫѪȻȾգУǵ档
㿴Ҷǹ갺°ͣŵϵŮЦݡ
ķɫǺɫģһ˫ҲǺɫġ
ʶ֪ķɫɫͳĴ
УԼ
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˵ЩʶԼ˵ʲôһסԼͣһ˫ɵôģܾèɰ
һڱ׵Ļ䵱ͷһֱ˦⧲
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۵е֯ɵףдĿɼУ㡣
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ԵȣԵȺܾãǵȴһȴܾá
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΢һ£΢΢ͷš
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ǰ£㲻úҿΪϰ尡Ϊϰ壬ҵȻҪŬ~
꽫ζ˵ǰɶĺڷĶ»һ£൱ɰ
ĽСȶǱߣ˫ֳ°ͣ⡣
ΪԱϰˣŬĽŶ
Ϊϰеο
СӵԼĿǺ£Ȼ˵ǹֵֹģԣһжõķչ˲
͵ʱ͡
֮󣬰ʰ꣬ȻСȥϴˡ
λϣȻ֪Լʲô
Ŀⴥϵ飬ֳһ
ǹŷ޵ħð£˼飬Ȼͦ˼
͸ɴ࿴
ɽڷŵڣŤͷͷѾ׳еˡ
վԭشһᣬصǰſԱߡ
峿ôӴ͸Ĳϡ
ΧĻǽ͹ģǰɫİٺϻ
ʵϣİٺϻ䲢䡣
䵭վȺۡ
ֻЩĵ׺£䵭Ⱦ
⾲ʱ̶֣ͻأ
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ɣ
л˵
ڡ䵭ϰĽԱⱾ飨Ц
ⱻܾĽԱʾϰ˾ŬռĿ
ֻҪϰˣʲôԣЦ
ͻȻоұ¶ʲô֮ǰһǴ



13 
ڰ޵صУֻ绰
ֻǵ绰ոսͨһ룬Է͹Ҷˡ
ţֻյ˼֪һϢ
˼Ǽ֪ʱΪܵľţԻԱȥҽԺȡΪѣϢ䡣
֮ҽԺĶλ
䶢ŲϢԼ֪˿˸ε֪ǰҪϢɼǩ˵Ǵڵġ
ǰǸ𣿡װ֪ʵ
ͷš岻ôãҪȥһ¡
ҿԸȥ𣿡ͷϴǻûкúһģҪΪء
ȻǼٵġɸȥֻǲ˵ദ˳ҸῴܲܰεԷ֡
ðɸϲʲô£ϴ˶ˡûñӦˡ
һᣬ뿪꣬ǰҽԺĳ
굽ҽԺ˱Ƚϳʱ䡣ȵҽԺŷһ˽ҽԺռĴ
վſڿ˺һͼ֪ôЩ߹հƵҵȷ·ߡ
ǻһЩʱ䣬ſѾʱˡ
䣿
˺Լ֣ʶȥ־ȻǶͷɴװ
һǳɫϵ·վҽԺڣΧҲ˵һ۱
ĶͷɻؿװĶͷ
װü΢΢𣬡ŵʱСˤ򵥰һ¡컹ǲôģԵҽԺ顣
ԭˡԷԼǣ𣿡
ţѾˡ
վǰרע񣬡Ϊ岻𣿡
һ£ȷװǷʶ֪˵֡
֪Ҫҹ
Ŀõ˱˵֣װЦûгκ쳣֪ĲҴȥɡ
װķӦУƺʶ֪ġ
վİԴӽҽԺ֮ûô˵ͰɶԻڼ䣬ɵվֻ޵ضװ֪ʲô
˵˼֪ĲſڣƼվſר־ֻꡣ
ࡣװ̲һ֡
ֻ̧ͷһõ΢ЦŤͳ
װҺ˵ѽ
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´ӵȻԼϥǣȫκƽˤΣЦǰ
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Сһ£Ҳſ֡
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࣬ԭ߶񶾵Ļת˸䣬ΪǻƲסԼˤ𣿹ȷʵǵһμ
ƽˤѡ౻ǵûգ󷽳ˣţû취ģҵĺܶ鶼Ҫһɡ
˵ڼ䣬ҵĵˡ
ҽ֮Լ˵һЩҽ뿪ˡ
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룬˵ĿǰԣһҽԺ˵˵
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Ŀеõ϶Ĵ𸴣֪һĨǳ΢Ц
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ֻǣ߽䣬ˡ
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ҵ£ԸĻ
װΪ䵹ˮֱߡ俴ʱҲֻά˳ӵ΢ЦȻվԱ߲ˡ
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磬緹ʱˡ
֪ûлشɵ⣬Ҳȥ׷ʡ
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𣿡֪С˵
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ȥ򷹵һǰݼ䡣
ڽǰٴŲҽţƽˤڵϡ
ʹűװһݡ
װûд𻰣ѵ
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л˵
֪˿ʧȥͬģҲԲҪ֪ƭ
࣬䣬ٺ٣͹ϸƷϸƷ



14 
ڵݱϣ˵Цŵģ۵ȴһƬĬȻ
һ㣬ûܹ۵ף¶Էõˡ
䲻ϲ㣬ƽʱҪۡװ˵
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װ΢΢üǾȥ
򵥵ĸѾķװˡ
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ҲûרŵĻͷڵ˻Լ˼ҲȻԼˡ
еʳڲͳϣװԭ·۷ص
ֻǸոͣڲſڣٴһŰҽţֱֱǰˤȥ
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ֻǶ̶ʱ䣬ͱúˡ
ɫ䣬㻹𣿡
л㱶ҽԺڽ׵ĵ棬˺һŷӦԼոյþˣ
̧ͷ䣬С
껹˵ʲôͱװˡ
ϲСˣСԶѣ໶
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ոҵλ£ֱ߾ͳ˸ɡ
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Ϊ׼꣬ϲĲʽǰ׼ֽ
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˿ĽǶಸװתЦ䡣
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ɵɨ֮࣬Ц˵ŶǼвִ֮ҶԣͷŽˡ
Զ׼׾ӻһԴˡ
𣿵˷ʳǲԵġ˸λ
ԣⲻ罻ң
˻һɱסˡ
û뵽ԷԸ񣬲̡
ѹֻƽˤ
˵˭ҪֵֹģϾֻڿһȦûпԣҲȥ
俴⣬ݸࡣ
˫־ȥ롣
˫ָ໥˵¡
ָ΢΢ͣ٣ٴ̧ʱԷѾŷȥ̷ˡ
·֮ǰĴһ㡣
ֻǲСĴѡ롣
һ˲ͷϵıǩٴ˸˲䡣
緹ʱ죬ˡ
˹ʰò;ߺ󣬲˰С
ֻǻûһᣬվڴǰָŴķ羰˸߲˵澰ɫá
˵ȤҲǰ
ʱļдеľݺᣬҶÿԿĺɻ
Ư԰ɣҾ֪СϲЦԼĸˡ
һᣬŶ˵лл
õлԴЦû˵
ҽԺʱЩʱܿ죬Щʱ
֪ΪոõԵʣ;ǻ˯ȥֻû˯ãͻᾪ˫ĿŵڲѰӰ
ֱ˵㻰ŷٴ˯ȥ
ܶʼ֪ٴΣʱ˰
һΰ˼֪еƣ
ǩ˵ġеԭĳ̶
𣿡ɵʵ
ͷ΢е㡣
ҺһȥɣЩȲȻ㵣ѵ飬ҲҪעԼ
ңﻹм֪Ѳ𣿡ЦָվڲԵ࣬һչ˺ü֪ġ
䵹ǲֻۣǼ֪˿ʵڲһ㣬
ԥɰԷߺޡ
׼㻤ңһ֪ͺһЩˡװٴΪ׼ˡ
ȻѾˣ䵱Ȼûоܾɡ
ùֻصڡ
ǡɼ֪˯оѣڲ˺һᡣ벡󣬾˿ԼոӲˤȱߡ
ȥˣڵϣǣָд˻̿벻
ʵش󣬼֪Ż
һڳϣڿϴȥϢˡ
Ҳһס㻤ңĸڡ
ʱĲڣֻʣ˼֪װࡣ
֪ʲôʱ彡ͰվһߣΪѿǺܵĵģ
װֻ֪ʲôĻͷҲ̧Ҳûлش
ʱڵĹֻвǰ̨ơЩƵĹӳ˵ϣԳֽȻͬʡ
ߵǸСӣ㾹Ȼ㴦𣿡
ζĿ³
װޱ飬ģôȻ֡
۹ٴסЦڲĻϡ
Ŀɨ˯ļ֪ǵЦ
һﲻŶ䡰ġװ˵ûм棬ȴֱΪҪЮͼߡ
Цݷ·һСߣѿĻ͸˵ġ
һŪɣ뵽ʲôװ˵
װ̧ͷһۡҲӰеɴ¶¶ڹ¡
װͻȻ˫סͣǸı飬ѽˣ㱻Ūˣ
ÿϧһҾͿԲˡ
ʱı鵹ʵ
õģֵܿģ˵žͳװһĴָ
ֳһͷͷ߸ڼ֪ϷĿУдʡ
̫ұˣУ̫ϱˡ
װھͷһʱ¶Цݡ
һ룬ͷ£ε˼֪ϡ
ôˣϵЦ˲ã·ʲôԼϲĹһ㣬ɵС
֣ǰһ뻹Ǹ̰飬һͿʼ顣
ϵΪȱܵȴΪ޵ȫûء
װֻۿ֪ԽԽھֹΪûС
ΪʲôҪֹأѾǲƵ˰ɡѾ䶪ĶͼõԷϧǰ˼
л˵
ԼҲˣͷۻһ
ܾûˣͿ͹˵һ



15 
֡
ͻȻ̶Ľ
ϵЦȻͣ٣һ룬ãɫϡ
ƺûзӦոշʲôֻǽͷÿΪȻõŶҴļ֪
űƿˣҽԱæܵǰΪ֪塣
һʿ̧ͷʱеͷͫȻƬ̣ɫ԰׵صͷʲôҲû˵
֪ҽͻʿƳȥˡ
ֻװڲڡ
װΪʲôҿô֣¶ʵ
װѵ´Ǹ˲ɱ˼֪ɡ
شûలģɫ԰ס
ΪʲôǸΪʲôҪɱ֪Ҷѣ𣿡
˵ʱͷѾеˡ
װջԼߣǵ˵ҲûˣתɴȥȻһ
ȥ䲡Եø䣬ǻһ˺ʶΪﲻ˼ôڵĵط
վԭش˺ܾãҲûжá
뿪˲׼뿪ҽԺ
ʵ뿪ģΪ֪ûָȼָ֪֮뿪˳ü֪ȥ߶߶
ǣǸ˲ϲ֪װҲϲ֪
ܾ߰ģӣʵǲóЩ
飬ڵݳڿ䡣
Ů˴ʱŸ߸ߵβ裬׶޳Ĳȫ¶˳ɫ˿ɫĳ㣬һ˫ǳɫ͸Ьûκλױĺۼüëûжôδ
һȣ֮۵һ˿죬ܿƽˡ
ôˣʡ
ʣٶһ𣬾ȥ֪Լ˵ʲô
ҪһȥǱ߹𣿡˵
һ㶣ڶԷƽò˼£ʶͷӦˡ
عԼҲһںߵĳˡ
ʱֵĺԵҹĺԵð͡仺һڿȣ˵
ߣٵĴת
ڷӦԭԼοˡ
ȻԷ֪ĵԭ򣬵ίķʽο
֪ͻģȴƶѡ
¶һɵЦݣСýҵķʽοң
ûзϣҲûп϶ֻٴκһڿȡ
Ŀںĺɻϡ
ļĺɻΣΧʱʱͲөĹһͣںҶϣһͣںɻĻϡ
̧ͷҹգСһ㽫ҹĻ׺ƺӳ˼ͼ
ܺСΪĺ˰
УͻȻ
ûд𻰣Ťͷȴһ仰
ЦݻĿʻãֻ˵ĻЩԷƱһֱ֪ģ̫ˡ
Ƕôʲô飬ԼͿԽҲһҾ·ˤ
Ǹˣҿܸô󡣡
ͻȻֳԼİӣҶѾСһô˵׼ˡ
ǣС㰲οˡɵЦţĸоû
üЦ˫⣬貵ϵҲȲ
һʮ꣬˿̵ЦȴһӰɰ
ԣܹСΪѣ̫ˣ
ͻȻЩ㱣Ժʲôڷٻ
ָڷ̣ץסˡ
һֻС֣ȴ̡
Ҫǡܹﵽ䡭ͺˡ
϶ԺзһССţ»صԺ
ʶ侪ոֻǹȥһ˲䡣
һעºһڿȡ
Ҳܸл㡣˵
סˣһд˲ţлң
㣬Ҳֲķ羰ܺá
ϱͰԻڴе˵ϲķ羰Ϊ㣬Ҳŷ
ԣ㲢Ǵֻǽ߶˱ĵطѡ
Ů˵ƽκεȴҲ˵ƽֱ𣬲ĻԵֿ
ֻڳһѣޱȡ
Ȼú֣¶ֵֹġ
ڵøг⣬Զ˵Ŀּû
ǣ𣿡Ц󣬴ɵ˺⡣
ÿģСദÿģȻСܺҳΪѣ̫
ĸÿ죬ȥҲ졣
ںͷ羰࣬׼ȥˡ
ΪѵİοҲûд뿪ҽԺǸ߸˺һ
ĺܺöʲôдϣһ·߹ڵڣϵЦݾûͣ
ˣһûиСǸ˵أһ˵
ûжôǿҵĺģΪ˶ΡǸˡ飬Щɻ
ǸˣôԸ񣿡ʡ
šüͷҪҳݴ൱ѡ
ǣܴررܹ֮ʹҳΪѣΪǺֵǣôϲѡ
ڲǸ飬ֱͰ͵ġ
˼ʹϵ𣿡Ťͷ
ҡͷûйҺʲô˽ѣֻЩʱһЩ˺ѵ顣Ҳ֪Ҫô˵Ҳҵġ
˺һᣬҲûа취ֻƬƴճǸˡ
ܴϲѣཻѣʱ˺ѵ顣
̫ìˣȫǿԷһϵݴʡ
ۼʾ¥ʳԼһ⡣
ôǸ𣿡
һΣû̻ش䡣
һûеõ𰸣ͷȥ
ֻһۣסˡ
վߵ겻ǵʲôʱһ飬ؿŵݱڡ
ޱȲõЦݣһ˫ȫ
⧲ļ氡С㡣Ц
俴ͷϵıǩ
䣬&%*%ݴ&*&
ԣ&&
Сǿʲô𣿡Цʵ
ѯʣһ䡣
ޱ飬еǸ˰ɡ
Цеı飬ת¶˼ģĿǰɿϢȷʵǴеǸˡ
˵ôѺãȫһԼģü
СڲΪ˵Ǹƺò˼飬ĿõĲ𣿡
ϸ˵ҺСĵһμ档СûбҪҲִ䲻̲ΪԼ粵š
ֱӻ䡣
СĿռڣΪ˾̶Ϣճ
䶯Ҳֱǰĸβ¡
ɫķ˿ĥգڼɢ
¶ǰŮԡ΢΢࿪ӽĲ¶ɫķ˿ôǰļ䣬Ȼ·ڵϡ
ЩᷳҸԸСΪҶá
л˵
ˣҲѪ͹ǳ˳ԣ
ࣺҺСѣ
䣺Ҫ



16 
ɫƽûΪĻʲôر
һ롣
ɫķ˿뿪ģָʶһ£ҪסѾ¶ȵķ˿
ãֱͦӣЦºͣС㲻һǵһ˸ǵڶ˸𣿡
ûд𻰣ֻǺľ룬վڵݵһߡ
Ȼһμ͹˵ִ
ôʡԹ˵ŻӦǣСʲôʱֵġ
ͻȻԴЦݿɰѯ䣬Сʲôʱֵ𣿡
ûд𻰣ʾĬʾϵ¥㡣
꾲Ĭ˺һᣬЦʧˡ
ƺܲסķΧһ˫ִֵ䣬ͼƽɫѰʲôĶ
С㣬Ҫң𣿡˵
ھĬ֮ĵһ仰ƽû˿Ƿƽ˾ĺ档
С㣬Ҫң𣿡
˫ǰ΢Цٴ˵һһƵĻ
΢΢Ťͷꡣ
Цݺ΢СֻǴǹһССĻȶѣ۽͸һ˿ЦԵýӲޱȡ
òĻ˶ݣӲЦ˻ůס
˵ʲôʵ
ڳУܱյĿռĳпʼѹ֣·ʲôճһôҲ
ǰ˵ʲôأЦЦʵϣҲ֪ҪС˵ʲô
ֻǵһμ棬ϸ˵ҲӦ˵ô໰أǲ˵һ㣬ղҪôӲ
ûа취飬С㡣ǸеĶҼǵá
ЦͣһᣬȻʣСأ
Сǵ𣿡
ڡʧ״̬䣺Ҹüǵʲô
ѡĬ
ĳĬԼҵ˴𰸡
ԭСҲǵˡ˵
ЦƵģһڽܱյĿռڣ˿ճ
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ЦõģֻЩпˡ
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ͷһʶץס˵ݷסΡ
꣡
һϸ󣬵˻谵
֪¹ˡ
ЩóֵֻͲ
ʶİʣ㻹𣿡
Էûлػ
㽫ֵͲĹ׼ĽԷֹεԷ۾Ȼϣλá
ȵץŵ÷֣ѯʣǿһĨЦݣ˵
ʱ״̬ܿԣ˲뵽صļ
򴽣䣬ͬʱάֵͲĹ⣬ȵһȣȥһصĹԱ
Ź⣬ҵǸɫťȥ
ֻǰȥ˲ӣҲûκ˻Ӧ
俴˿ʱ䣬ִʱʮ㡣ֻʾѾˣ֧ʮӵĹԴ
ֻ𣿡ʡ
άųǿЦݣ֪ҴӲǸĶ
ʱ˻һԼ΢ִ࿴ˡ
ֻóסаť
С㡣ŷ֣ԴСһֻ𣿡
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Ц
ǿ̧һָָֻֻֻ֣֣˵һֻ֣𣿡
룬Ҳûʲô㽫ֳֻȥ
Цݼֻ֣ҲԼִȥ
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ٴڡ
伸һ̾վ˽ŲͬʱתԷĶǿֹͣ
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Ҳ˺ֱ˱ĵݱϣ޿Ϊֹ
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䣬䣬Ϊڵ״̬á
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СеҺСǵһμѡ
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俴ĶֻܸоԼľܽԷĺܹܵһ
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ȻԴЩۡ鼱֮ʶ˵˶Է֣Σȷʵ̫ˡ
ðɣڲǾֵʱ
ıȻָ֡øûıտ־֢Ƶļ
ЦûгãԷ˵С㣬ҿԿ𣿡
ûд𻰣Ȼûжˡ
ܱǸղðˡֻЩ޷Ŀռ䣬ˡ
õģȷʵļ
̾Ϣһš
һεѧˣȱ߿ţ̧һֻץס䴹µƣҲûжˡ
˾شһᣬ˭Ҳû˵
ٴ˺аť
һ˻شˡ
Է򵥳пͣ¥㻹дͣʱ䣬ԷҲܿǰԮĴ𸴡
ЩŸоƣ
С㣬ܲһȱߵͻȻ˵
ûд𻰣ֻǿŵݱڱĿ
С㻹Ϊղŵе𣿡ʡ
ɲ𻰡
İУڵȵ˾Ԯ
һӽ˵˫
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ҸеǸС㡣һΪڷеǸ϶Ρ
һָ⴦ů
סˣûü˵ͷǰͷϵıǩ˱仯
ãۣͲ˴΢¶ȡ
Ŀԣмǵָ⡣
סˣ˲˳죡
л˵
͹Զ벻ҵ׿ʲôдһ
͹Զ֪ﲻjjôᷢʲôһܣ
ڷ̽С



17 
Բ𣡡
˺üֱײ˺ĵݱϣ˫ָȫ֪غҷ衣
俴䷴ʮǧ࣬һʱЩ
ǸûжСʲôɣæʵ
һƽֹ࣬˺þã˵ûС
Ŵ˿̫ˣһΪСˡ
ĹԱĬĬ˵Ŀ뿴һεҪָˡ
ǸԱСɫװһû˵ˡ
װŮջصǻһᣬ˺޶µЦݡ
䣬㻹𣿡Լ֡
Ťͷ㿴΢Ц֡
ݺ¥֮һЩ룬ȷʵҪȥ
Ҳûпװ֣ͬʱ˫ȷȥˡ
ûж룬װЦк֮Ҳ˵ݡ
Ԯ̳ʱ仹ʮӣҲҽԺڵĲ
֮ŵ֪֪ΪĳЩԭȣ˯ѡ
Լѵ̶ȴﵽֵ֪ʹصԼ㻤Ϣˡ
ֻǵſڣ˱ͷİɡ
˼˽Ļûü£ͱˡ
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ɱק뿪ůӵټϴϵƣȻ㶵ز˵ˡ
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¶û
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СӵĵװСŴ󻯣Ҳ
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ˣʮ·ڶ˶
Ƴ̳˾ֵ˳ųϵʬšֶ֣ͰæǸϣǲ˼Ǻ
Χ˺ͳ˾Ҳڸղŷ飬ϲԼͬ˺˾ͬСı顣
ǻ
֪Ǻæ𣿲ܻʱ䣿
Ӵһҵˡ
ˣǵˣô죿
Χ֣һ󣬾ͷ˵ʲôˡ
ųϵŮˣ˺һᡣ
óһֽŮ֡
ɵɴ˫Ŀ㣬࣬Ҫ
ûֻעŮˣн׵ֽȥŮһϵѪա
ĶỺỺݡ
ƽƽʶһѾȥŮˡ
Ů˵һղɾע⵽Ů˱˺˵ϰ
ͱˣһж¶˿УѪ˿˵ʹࡣ
̺𣿻߱ʲôҲáѯ˾
˾ҡͷģûְ
Ů֮ػΣ˺þòŶ˵Ǹڳϣ۾ûأŻС㻹Զá
ûлӦ˾ĻֻŮˡ
һĿ˿Ѫ
俴죬ֽ̧⿪Լĳӡ
Ķ죬һͽɫĳ
ȥ󣬾ֻʣһɫĵ
һ㶣ǷǷף㣬㣬Ҫʲô
ͬûдɡ
׵ĳŮԷظŮ˵ϰ
޵ĺɫ˲Ⱦ˳ȴ˵Ŧ۴ͣȾ
һЩɡ˵
Ŀ˹İɫèϡ
ӦǰɫˣӦǺɫġ
֮ǰĻ
ˣԭǸʲôʫ˵ģǵˡǸʫͦЦģ
л˵
Ȼ䵭һ
һºܳ
һɥʧĳϣעľȻ˵İɫè񡣡



18 
֪ʲôʱֵƸͷգ̫Ĺ߱ɫ׽
ڻصꡣ
ʱϵǰɻæף˵˶װˮʪԵûҰûκεɫ
Ŵ򿪣Ͱһꡣ
ɣȥһȡɽžֱ
һæңȫµĺ㱻ɢˡ
ȥ׵仹Сſȱ󿴿ֿǲҿ䡣
Ϊ꿪ţŴ꣬½½߽һЩ˳㿴Ŀˡ
Щѧܹ䣬ǺΪʲôƽ׼ʱŵˡ
ûаѳ˵ȥֻǼ˵ҽԺѣ㷭ȥˡ
ѧҲǻ׷ʵˡ
иСһ°ɵ顣
ΪԱŶɶſȺվСЦ
Сﱻһ԰һվǰ̨ϡ
ЦЦΪ˿ȣ㣬ȻζܲҲһѡ񡣡
ллл˵
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ҪһЩҲһ׶ģӸ¿ԴҲ¡
Цݵģ۵׵Ķȴճ㼸Ĳסѡ
ʿҪ𣿡ʡ
С־壬ˣңҪˣ
˵̴꣬Լɡ뿪꣬һ̧ͷͲӰˡ
ˣ㣬Ҹһҵĳڴ̫ˣȻļͲˡɻͷ˵
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һ̿Ķն̵ƣֻ֮Ҫ̧־ܿļҲʱСĻˡ
ô˵䷢ƺ˶Լ󶼺עء
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ƺǲߣӹ̧ͷײ˸š
Ƭ̣Ͼèۿɰ΢Цһ˫ãǷһ㡣
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ģǶԳɱĸŮ˵飬ķҵ顣ĿǰԣҶŮʿɱԭΪ߶Ĵɱˡ
׷ʣļأ
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19 
۰˵⻰ʲô˼,֪ԷպͿˡ
ֹס껹Ҫ½⿪ӵԴȻǿнƿڴϸǺñӡ
ȥ¶ȼ,ִӴ,˫ֻסĲ,Ȼ󽫹̵Ĳ
໥¶һ˹һˣ˵ܵȫˡ
,𣿡ɵڶ
ղĲ,β,͸һøС
ֱ,ɣ
һԻٶ޼ɵ֪ܹм,ϼȡԹء
̬ݣ糺콫еļȾ
ڳ׽ŮӵڻУڷһ̾
ڣڻˡ
ɴ˿ֻԼʹ֮䷴ǻ
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Ǽ¿ֵӿĺ,ҲʹճõЩйٽ֯һĴ磬ȫ޷˼
,ЩйΪȼѹŤ,ֻʣ˱ܡ
ϲϲ,ĺϲ
Уɼ,Լڶٸһ,Ļأ
ֻͽ͵Լָ,Ժ·ڱǼƵģǺζ
㣬԰𣿡
Ѿֲˣֻƾ豾ʳ⡣
ǽӵڻУҲĸйΪٵġ
ſǻѯʲûеõĻش
ĻаһᣬѿֱۣٴνȥɺãٴθǺñӡ
㷢ˣҪúϢ䲻κθ԰˵
סİ޹գգ۾󴽽ǹһ΢Ц𣿡
ţȻ˵
һΰɵǹԹԵزˡ
ȥֿ¶ȼơ
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ΣʮĻĿбĳɰЦݣȻǹġ
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ѧ㣬ңֻҪվ߶ѡ
Ҫȥ䣬ȴ㿪ˡ
ͻȻüëšһ𣬡ѧ㣬Ұ
ڵǸģҰ
ΰ䶼Ϊ
뿪ɡ˵ҲֹҲ̸ֻһ仰
£Ѫɫʡ
ˮۿջ䣬ֵڵϡ
ѧ㣬Ҫ˵ĻңһŬģһúõǸġ
ѧ㣬㣬㣬ҪҪ

϶˵ţȴʵ²ĻĴﶼʼ״Σֻܽذǰ˵Ĵ
Ѿˡɲ֪ʲôʱ˵
û˿ע˼ɫ䣬˫ָǽһɼָ׻Ƽ˫Ѫ졣
ޱ飬ɫˡ
֪ͨ
ͣ˰ܾãõ·ȹһߡ
ˣ뿪ˡɶ˵
һΣڶˡ
ȥֻпհһƬ
Ű뿪꣬վΧԺ
뿪ɶһ롱ơ
԰ɫŵɻɨһ飬ͬվǰ꣬ƺ˼Ҫβ̽ȥ
񣬰ɵЦҲûб仯
ʲôأɫѾˣȥܻܿᱻĳŶɺѵ
ǣԪ׵Ķӡ˰ɵݡ
һĻȣƭѧ㣬ǱӰ
αװݽӽѧ㣬סѧ֪ݣһİɡ
ͷϵЦݵȻ޴档
ҿûҰֿ
һľ£ҲܽжԷһ
Ϊϼ̳˵λã˲ѪɣҲû취ɣϾҰְ˵ţ۵׵Ķ綾ߡ
ˣλðɡ
ŶˡɻȻԼԴ֮ǰ˵ȵòƺеϵء
˵ľ룬ɰЦ硣
蹷ŪȣӦܾ˰ɡ
˵úܿأӱնˣƤˣѪһء
ƿλãѽҺܺ棬̸ʲôأ
³֣Ǹ
һ⵽˰ɵЦ
ǸΪʲôǸǸŮˣͷ蹷ŪȣΪ㣿
Ѿָܸ㶮˰ϾǸҰɼЦţҲѹλҪ蹷ſ԰
ɱ㡣ͻȻ˵
һģɱ㡣ظһ顣
в˲һٱˣȻ޹ʹ
ʳָ˵ϵ⣬ЦݻָɰҪŬһŶϾҺÿǺæġ
ȻҲ̲סЩְɰĻ˵꣬͸ɴת뿪ˡ
ŶԷ뿪ıӰǽʧҲš
Ҫ취ɱһҪɱ
ԼλãǸԼλá
αװſվѧߵġ
Ǿǲ࣬˸ʴ
Ȼһһ㶶żͼ֫Ǻʹබ䣬ȴ޼¡
ѧ㲻ҪˣѧԸ
ô죬ô죬Ҫô
һòãһˣ
ڴ뿪СԺӣ˽γ
´Ҫô죿Ҫô
ѧ㡭
䣬䣬䡭
ָ⺬ҧָʹѹԼٴαĿ־塣
䡭䡭䡭
һ֣Ʒݵζ䱾ӹȥĻвϼȡ֡
ǵĴڷ˼п»صߵĿܣҵһ˼
ˣߵ̫ˡӰ쵽ˡ
һİɣΪΧΧûа취վߡ
ԣǱǾҪ
ǣڻеѡͣ˿ҧָĶǣұΪʲôС
Ŀ־ڵõѹƣ̬Цϳֳ
ҪΪʲôС
һߣͽ꣬ҽŹغá
㣬Ѿ뿪ˡɶ˵
ûʲô͵ͷ
ᵽ
Ҳ˵ɵԴһ
Ϊ֮ǰй飬䲢ġ
ҪҪҹȥ𣿡ɸæõıɵݸ䣬ǽıɣϲ´һ㡣
ɴˣллעⰲȫ
֮󣬾Ƿ롣
ھһ·;صԼСǰ
ţţȻСɷڿ
ԱڵĶͳһؼȥϴˡ
һϣصԼĴϣóֻ㿪¼
ãС㡿
áҲòػظһ䡣
ļˣ
΢΢üûлָټ䡣
鷳⣬ңҿΪṩһЩԲοĽ顿
Ҫ˵鷳Ŀɶˡ
Դǰ˽£ܿĶǶ϶ģ޷һ
˼˺һᣬдͨʲôȡϢȻṩҵأ
ǩܹǡʱʾڶĳЩ޷Ӧ
ˡϵͳѲãʧȥеļ䣬ôε֪ЩϢأ
ͨϢ׽
Ϣ׽
ǵġʧ䣬Ǽ䱻٣ǿжȥѣøļͷţԳ£Ϊ˱Ĵԣѡ˽м
ʱµĲǻȱ©ĵطҲ׽ģ㱻ļϢƬ
ЩϢƬܿͻɢҲֻڲ׽һģƴա
˱ǩĽͣˡ
ǩȡϢķʽܵ˼ľԣôҪӱǩõԼҪϢ͸ˡ
ֺͱǩЩʱ䣬Źֻ˯ߡ
գͿװϢ
򵥻ظ俪ʼ˴ϴ
һ׼俴Сɣ룬Ǿϡ
ɵĳȷʵóȥһ¡
׼һкСɳˡ
ûѡ⳵ѡС
Ȼкһεľ룬ԳʱһΧķ羰
С㣡
ɺϵģࡣ
俴೯ܹϲصӻΪʲôĺ顣
С㣬Ϻã¶һʵЦݣû뵽ҲС㣬˵ģ
Ϻáͬк
л˵


20 
Сʲôƻ𣿡ʵ
չʾС,׼ȥװĿ
ᵽصѣĸ˳̶ۿɼ˺üٷֵ㡣
һȥɣԴϴҽԺֿ,Ҿûٿװˣ˵
ʲôֵҪ,ͷʹӦˡ
˴ʱվں,ߵҪʮӵʱ䡣
ֻ˶ûж·;Թߵһ,ҵһܱɡ
Ļܶ,߶߶˵ͣ˸оᷳ,Ϊܹ׳һЩԸȤĻ,̲ס̽ȥ
ˣȥЩƬóֻ,ĳƬչʾ䡣
ĿⶨֻĻϡ
һСϪ丵ϪôŰߵʯͷǵñʯͷϵˮ
ϴεʱ򣬻ûһСϪ,˱,ǰϪˮڵĺۼˮļˮ,ȻһСϪԼ˵
Ȼ֪ԼĲ²Ƿȷ,Ƿ񸽺Ȼ˵,ҲԼĲ뱻֤ʵǴľȡ
䶢Ƭһᣬüۻ
ʲôطʡ
ǽո깤ɵĹ԰,ǰŵġ˵,СҲҪȥ𣿺Ưģ
ֱ۳ϰ,ĿֻĻתƵϡ
۾״ܺÿһƬҶβĵط΢΢Ҷļ⡣
䲻֪ôǰ˵һ˸
һݴ࣬ôΪǴġ
ѣžϧ̬ȡһγԭСϪҲܹϲ
ҪѰһݴȥ䣬ǵڵӡȴ޷ƥ䡣
ӣĮ񶼲ݡ
ʼ̬ðģأȴһ̽ĵߣֱߺִϡ
ǣðͬʱǫ̬ȣһֳʾ̬չʾԼȫ
벻
С㣿ɻ˼
ɻ䣬Сղ뵽˭𣿡
ƽ뵽һЩѡ
֪ˡˣɶûС
ʱӵһͨ绰
䶢ġ֣˼˺һŮǡΪϴεļʱ֣˵绰롣
ͨ绰󣬶̴С㣡
ãʲô𣿡ʡ
ԷƺǺܾᣬ֧֧ãŹ˵С㣬ǸңҿԷ𣿡
ʲô
ǣǺܸлϴСİһٷСԣ֪ԸԸ⣬ԸˣǲСģ
ŵ״ΣǵԼ䲻ˣڴԵ
룬ǾӦԵġ
̫ϲ
ܿͽʱ͵ַ˳ʲôɿڡ֮ѸٹҶ˵绰˵ᷳ
С𣿡ѯʵ
ͷǰɡ
оС֮ദúŶźЦûûΡ
ڳһʱ䣬Ϣú󣬾ͽ´ãǰ
ȻҲ⼸ƽ˺ܶ࣬ԼڹС
һɫͣ˵ߣɫװ۾īʱĬһ롣
˭ʱûʶԵźף͸ųγѯͷˡ
û˵ֻǳǴһơ
һ룬Щ˷ӵϣΧס
һ㶣ڷӦʲôվǰסˣҪʲô
ֻǿϧߴһܴġ
Ȼһᣬûþͱ൱Ρ
򴽣ǵĿʲô
ǲûжкһĴ³չʾǵֶκ󣬶˹̬
룬С㡣˵
ļƣ֪ˡ
ҲǵԼ򲻹ֻǵࡣȺ˲ôԴͲһˡпԹԾͷͶ
һŵĶźһɫ
౻ѹŶãǸжϡﻩֿ֮ʼΪʲôԼֵؾһ㣬Ϳˡ
Ȼû˵ͱŲס̫ͣˡ
䣺
ָ£һ𣬿ų⿪ʼ˵ķ羰ʣʣҺʲô𣿡
û̴𻰣ǵݸһƿȪˮȻһӣװƷóڷǰ
Ա廨˵˻࣬Ĵֱõȥ͵һ
Ƕôص飬ֻķԸˡ˵
ע⵽˿Сƺ
һԣǲִԼǿĳƺһʹãͱʾʵڲͬ
򿪿Ȫˮķ˵Ҹιˮ
ûжһֱš
ڣˡ
ĲժȻͷ˵Ҫ˵úúˮ
Ҫ˵ίͰͱ죬Ŷ
һһιˮΪڵĿռСټ˱ŤԿúܽ
СͷſȪˮƿƿڣЩˮܸоһֻ͵ĽëȮ
ιһЩˮ佫Ȫˮպá
껹Ҫ˵һֹסˡ
Ȼ˵ûзסһЩġ
䲻֪ʻ˶ãҲûлóֻۿʱ䡣
ֻ·;ңԶģʶºȻкóƽṩƣԸ鿴֮ġ
ĺģȥˡٴ
ʻ˺ܾãɽڵĿĵء
˳һֻ֡
˼ԣǷ³
䣺
ܾˡ
䣬ıܵһֱӴ估ʱסƵһŵء
˶վú˾һǰ
룬С㡣˶˵
ûжǿűǰŵ࣬أһ𣿡
رĵطҪȥ˵
üԣǵĿģһ
ûд𻰣Ŷ
ܱ֤ҺһģôҲӡ˵Ҳұ֤Ƿֿʲô
С㣡˫䣬С̫˰ɣǳõѣ
Ȼû뵽̬Ȼ˼Ҫȴ˺䣬һʱŲҶ
֮شƬ̣óһڶԽĶ˷˵С㲻Ըѷֿ
ԷĬ˴żӣѹŭ
ŻϤ
Ǿһ𣬴Էҧг˵
л˵
ˣôܹ˰ܣ
䣺Ϊʲôǰ·˼ף



21 
Ļ,˽һڡ
ڵװκݻһ㣬ȿıǱشС԰
Ϊҹɫ谵,俴,ֻϡһЩɫĻ
ŽŲƫ,ʧС
ڶ㣬Ŀǻ
˴ҵλá,ˡ
ܿͶõĺ轻䡣ͬ,໹ʲôûС
Щ,Ƿ׷뿪,ֻһƽ
źСһڣζȻ൱Լζ١
ڻشһʱ,˭Ҳû˵
ĴΧķΧʼĴ߶˻Աߵ̨ϡ
ÿԿС԰
С԰ͻȻŤͷ,¶ϲ,С㣬ı
źָһʲô
˫ֱǰ費,ͳ̨ıԵ,ĻϴֻϿ
º裬˳õĳĬ
,ΪʲôҪܣƣҲʶġ
Ŀʲôأ
Ҳʶ䲻ԾĳĬ,ϵЦݵ,С,ô𣿡
û¡ҡҡͷ
һߵˣҿԸɰ𣿡
û˵ƽվ
Щͷ̧ۡԼ̫Ѩ˵ǵɡҴ֪Ŀʲôˣһ̸һ̸ġڣ뿪
ڶˡ
óԽĻ
һ룬ԷϲرʾԽߡ
Ϊ˰ڶԷãУĶԷļ򣬡ǺʶҲֻɶѡ
ɵ㶶䣬лЩɣɣ
šǶѣ԰ɣȰ˵ֻǽкķʽеرʵֻΪɶѡ
һû˵䡣
˸΢Ĺ⣬ƺҪ˵ʲôȴ
˺ʹǰûκĿЦݣ֪С㣬һȥ֮绰ģ
뿪վ档
ϳǰͷһۡ
վڱ¿ֻԷֻӱ
ջʱ˶Է֡
߾ٵִ£ǰ
ָ΢΢ǣüһ˿ĪЦϳֳ
䡣
һУ˳ڣʧС
ѧ㡣
תվȴҲչ¶ССϲ
˵ɣʲô顣䵭ȫȻ䡣
Įɫ˰סܿ죬˿ɰЦݣѧ㣬ɫѾˣҪԵ㶫ɡ
üͷû˵
ѧ㣬廹ǺҪġ˵
С䣬˵΢һЩǰᷳ
֪ʱԸ˵仰
ķΧУǵͷӦԵ㶫
̫ˣѧ㣬ܿͻ׼õģǰһֹסˡ
˵˲һλĵط
˫ǰҪں˵ְ䵭ҿڡ
ֱ˶ϲغЩʽ
ڲʽϺ뿪ֻʣˡ
䰲سԣȴֻ˵ķΧС
ѾǲһκѧһʲôʱˣֻܴӻѰҵκκصļ䣬Ȼ󷴸ζһδεʹǿõο塣
ûκεĽӴֻţҲоҸ
ֻǡ
뵽ЩΧߵˣĳ
ǸѧһˣǶġѧ˵˵ЦЦӣִ綼ûСǰЦ˵ʲôѣǶģ
Ҫ뿪ѧ㣬Ȼ˴ˡû뵽ѧô裬ȫ˶֡
ѧ㣬Ҫ˯°ɣ˵
еĿӣˡʲô㾡˵ɡ
Ц΢΢Ӳ˲ֱȻ
ܵؽתƣ˵ѧûȥ꣬Ǵȥأ
һûд𻰣Ťͷתһ˫ƽˮ
Ŀ£ԽԽӲ
Դ˫ֽһ
ã˵䣬Ҳ֪ҵҪʲôſԼߡ
䣬ֻҪվ߶ѡѾˣ֪˭ɱġ
䣬ҪʲôԡȻ̧ͷ¶һ
վ֮ӰῪһ˫㷲ȵĲߡ
ֻһĽӴͲǰһˡ
װҲԵġ
͸Ứϴ۽׹䣬Щ˳۽ɫķ˿УһЩ˳벱ʪǡ
䴹ĳս۵ס
һŰİʣ˭ɱģ
һǳ΢Цоáоɱȡ
Ȼһ壬ǿҡҲ֪İɣǸʱ̫ˣ˶Ҳϲ
֮ȻΪ˼̳ˣҴûҪɱȵġ
˵ŻЦдŹɺֺá
ǵļ嶼ģʧȥ̳Ȩǻᱻġûɱоòǡ
оú֮ǰͳΪǼļ̳ˣڣһ˶С
ûٴ£ȱȻҧšϸڣɱȡ
˵ͱ죬䣬ͼƽɫ￴ʲô
ǣʧˡ
ʼգŮԵǺ޲ġ
ƺĻȥˣƺûУֻڿе飬Įط·һ߸ϵ·ľǰʻҲֺע⡣
Ҫ㡣˵
ĴȱԵȴġ
ʵϣҲǵ˵顣˵ͷβҶ˵Ļ޼䡣
ϻЦݣ仰ʱЦûб仯
ʲôƺû
ޱ齫ղŵĻº˵һ顣
𽥱ЦУ˵ԣеĻԣûġ
û𣿡ظһĻ
Ȼץ֣ûʲô˼䣬ڿЦ𣿡
ش
ͻȻʼ԰ɫһ仰Ҳ˵
ôأҲûΪʲôôûмأ
һֱǵúģһֱǵõģҴûǹã
ҧָоʹ㣬ǺɫѪ£Ⱦһ˫֡
ֿܶܡ
ܸԸ˵Ҳܺʹǰһһ񶼲Ըʩᣬпһ֮
ǣûĻش
ûм䣿ǿܵдǰļ䶼ûˣеαװûˣվߵɶûˡ
ΪʲôأΪʲôأ֮ǰƻˡ
ʶΧЩ˶ǻӰģȻļֵҪʲôΪȥɵġ
ǣ˵ûм䡣
һǳʲô⣡϶֪ĵطʲô飬ԲŻûмģ
һûɣ
䣬õĵġһҵģһģŶ˵
ڴ֮ǰҪ㱣ţ̬ƫִ
˺ʹ֫ǺǱȴǰҪʹĥ
䣬õĵģֻҪ㡣һָģǴǰһжúġ
ģ΢λվ
ңȵ˭ɱġ
վԶ˶¶һ㱵ЦݣҪȵſԸ㡣
һ㶣ʶϵķˡ
ǰͻȻʼģֽҲ
Ťֻһ˫ŷƫִ
ֻ˯һѣܿġ
л˵
ٴһ飬Բί


22 
ǰƺһϵеĹ½롣
䷢Լվһͤ,ԱһɫУꡣ
ݾ£ư˫ŨܵĽëǷɵĺɫë,һСС۽,ǽֽµī㡣
,ҲϲԵ˶ָֻš˵
Լš
ֻǼ򵥵һ,֮ˡ
˺һ,Ҳûеȵٱĳ,ɵšüͷ
ƺܲ,˫ֱǰԶɫ,˺ܾúܾãõͣԸ⿪˵
ǱߵĻƯ˵
֮ǰֻ,˳ˡ
,ȴΪưԵò顣Ϊʩᡣ
Ťͷ꣬Ư,лл
ȿȿȣͻȻͿ,Ǻ죬ǺõѪ
,ǵȻҺɲһҵͳ̳,Ȼʲôеġ
ʱ֪,ԭȥȡ
ϸλ,öԷں˵֪ˡ
Ǻ󿴿ҿǲԸ⿴䣬֪ʲô֪
˵Զ㴫һλ
䣬ο쿪ʼˣǿȥɡװͤ⣬ЦºͶ˵
䳯ͷá
̧뿪ͤվװߡ
ˣȻ벻ôɴ࣬˵߾ߡ
Щãʲô𣿡
ʲôлʲô°ҽ춼Ը˵ˣΪʲô㻹Ҫһ𰡣
Խ˵ԽƲסԼƢԭǺҲȥɫֻлʢŭ
ŭĪڲǰ˻ƽ˵ȴΪŭֵòɢ
û޳˶˵䣬ƽ𣬱װ뿪
䣡䣡ȵȣ˵
䣡˵㲻߰
ŭЪ˹Ͻл֣һһ顣Ҳ˻ƺʹ̶ǿҵƺǱɫĻ䶼Ҫ˺ưܡ
䣡
Ȼ˫Ŀ˸ˮơ
ʶԼڴϣһķڡ
һᣬӴϸĽû
̧֣Ϳϵϵ
䣺
ھ˹ĳĬ㶯ֽݻ٣űˡ
˷䣬Цݡ
ѧ𣿡
ſȺĴǰźú˴ߡ
ѧ˯ܾˣһӶˡǳԵ㶫òð
ĿЦͣ룬˵򿪡
ûһȵ䣬ǿŵѧϲġ
ǵڶ飬򿪡ظ˵
ûֽλŲȥ
Ȼǲϵġ
򴽣۾һ
䲻ЦЩѧ㣬ֻΪ˱Ѱ
ΪѧʲôǵˣױӰˡ
ѧ㣬벻ҪҺܿͻᡭ
̵Ŀȱ򷭣ɽмա
ֻһۣǰĻһ룬Լͱ˴ϣ
ţ˫ֱӲĶƣӶѹסˣã
ñмϿ˫ϥǶסıһֶֻסԷĲӡ
ѧѧ㣿ѧǴ뿪𣿡
ճһֻȫѳһǹ
ܵؽǹţȻǹڶ׼ĺס
ңǷȫʵ
ѹţܵ׼ӲĴУһʱû˵
˶󣬷ԼȫûжĿܡ
Ǹȥˡã˵
Ʈƺһɢ˿У䣬ûдǰļ䰡ǲӦõġ
𣿡
֪һúõǸġ
䣬Ҫɱ𣿡
һ仰ͻȻЦˡ
俴ı飬ȴƺߵЦʱ黹
ɱҵĻԸе𣿡ø΢΢йֻҪ°Ϳˡ
õҵǻʲôκ˶˺ġֻҪԸ⣬ʱȻȡ㡣
΢䣬ס׵ǹڷ˭ɱġ
оðЦ˵֮ǰͺ˵ˣǲ𣿡
ҪҰҴƭģҶ˵Ķʵ
ޱ飬϶µĸ
Լı飬ȴº͵˵
òͬĻظԼڵĺġ
˵ĶʵΪվߣûж֣ںŬֺ䡣

ദʱ̣ܶҲޱһóԼȫαװģ˻Եˡ
Ѿʮˣȴɱʮ˾ģ
Ϊʼһμ̳˵˵Լȵ޹ϵ
˵ԼһжΪ˻صߣȴܹʳҩڴ֮ǰпܶද֡
һɻԶɵˡɣȻνĶԴƫִС
һ֪û˴ǰļ䣬ͱòֶΡ
ڣͼͨȰ˵ɱ
ȻûȤԼۡ
ֻǲԸԺܶ̽ǲ޴ˡʧȥ֮ǰͿԼ˼ҡ
ʧȱ˹ļ䣬ǻļƬҲܹ¶Եƶϡ
Ǽ䲻ധ⣬ԲǲĽ
ǹڵסĺףԼϥǣȻӴק
Ǿһ˰ɡ˵
Ƕֶѵһ죬ٴ֮ǰûԼǹָű˵ԴûԼһ·˼׻ܡ
ðɣ̫ӣȻֵķȥ˵ܽܡ
߳ţһѺװˡ
Ƕÿ̨
֮ǰͬǣ沢谵෴ʮá
ͣ棬վһˡ
ۣȺ졣ͻȻЦһ
һˣһ΢Լǽٷ˵ĸо
֪˭𣿡Ѫһ㣬Ц˵
ûлػֻǴ̨
Χǵߣֳǹ׼䣬һǹ߻ԴͿˡ
װˡԹ˵š
һӾҵҲǸߵġ˭֪أν
ֻЩʶѣװǿվߡ
ƮƮģƺƮȥ
ڽתĲϣϸ˼ʲô
˵ʼװȻȣоã֪
ôˣôˡ
ǰʲôûеңȻҲһλá
۵ͻȻһ˿ǣƽ
л˵
ǳǳ͹˵һ£ĵ޳Ǹϵ
ǳͷƤ⣬ֲһĳ̶ȣǰҲ͹΢̵һ£ԷֹĿƲסȻ͹ǱҴ
һİϱ


23 
,ÿ˴ӳʼͱ˼۸û˿ԿԽһɼ۸޶ĽޣҲݺݵԭء
ʶʼ֪ȴûоǴġ
Ҷˡ
߹ĸ߹,΢ı΢
Щʱ,Ϊڸӵײ˵,γһ󡱵أ
ġ󡱣ĻᶼûСԱЩ,Ѿ㹻ˡ
ֱ,һҹ,˵ϡ
ˮǱ,׹ĺ,Ȼ˳ź׻°ͣĴڵ档
ŢմȾ˫֣ʹдȫ
Ǹͳ̳˵
¼֣ƾҲվ˵𣿡
̳˵ư,ӵĶ⻯˾޴߽ȫ²,ϢĻᶼûС
Ҫ̧ͷȴһܵԴϵѹ
̧̳ȣԴϡ
ԱߵΪ̳˳ɡ,һˮûλ۸ӡ󡱵մȾ
˲ͷϵƤЬ⡣
,ڲ𣿡̳ͻȻЦһ˵
һ˲,ǰһͷײ˼Ӳĵ,Ѫ̽ͷµˮȾ졣
һξ,ΪһڼѪ,ǰΪҵʩᡣ
ûҵĿܶڡ
е𣿲ûС
˵ʵλ̳óǹҲǴһʬ鷳ѡ
Ҳ˵˼۸񰺹̶ȵĶԱȣʾ;ǼĳԱѼͼ̳֮һ¡
עİ㱰΢ŢΪһ̲÷࣬ҲЩⱦİ˶࿴һۡ
գ
׼Լȫı΢̬óֺǰļ̳ʱ
ŮʿЬڵϲŻֺᷢͬ
ǲȣִű
ȣ㲻ô˵
֪䣬ԼΪλ᲻ܿƵ׷Ӱˡ
˵˶˼۸ôֽ۸ǩժˡ
Ŀбϼ۸֮䡣ǼֵǵģǱ۵ģƽӹ޳ģƺת۾ͱ
һĨƽĮʱ͸оˡ
·һŨŨԹн̻ԻͣⱦȻ棬ʹʧ
ǵ
Ӧȵ˺ѷΡʼնƽģûС
Ǹ߸ϵļ̳ŭǺУһƲסķӣЪ˹ԼôҲ޷˵ڵС
ţ֪䣬ȻҲҪúһС
֪˶ãȥ
ЬصزŻˮɡҲԸţٴβɢŭ뿪ˡ
ţЬ̤
ͷˮֹͣˣһ˫ɫŮʽƤЬǰ
𣿡ʡ
̧ͷڽȫ۵ס
óͷϵѪ˿ȥºᡣ
Ǹ´βˡǸ˵
оˣĵǸ⡣
ǰλ̳˵Ļٴǻڶߡ
¼֡
δй˿̰ϲ
ʦͨۿ׹䣬ʹѹ
䣬ԺĲõı۸𣿡üϣǰѯš
ˣұ֤˵
ܼ򵥵ֹɵĶ̾䣬ȴǿдһȱڣȻճӵ棬͵ʹ㵽Ҹ
ǰǰ¼֣ѪͳҰ֣ʱضᱻġƷ
ԸʩעӵģԼ
ҪҪ޿Ҫñκ˶Ҫ볾
ʵʵΪαװԼӣͿԵõԶעˣ
лл䣬ĺܸл㡭СסΪȥѪ˿֣Цݿɰ档
ֻҪӣͻõעӶ԰ɣһģһȫĶ
ԣ밮Ұɡ

ܲƽ԰ɣ䣿
ڷģãգڱвҲν
˵ϣϣġ
ʧȥ˼䣬ǰеľĶú塣£Ҫٴλص߼ܡ
ܽһʹ࣬ھͰһ׸ȡԶǵԼһ˼Ҳá
ӦõġͻȻ˵
̨濴װѾ̨³˵ӡ
ǸŮӣɱİɡ˵
ץס꽩Ӳһ˲壬˵ûм䣬Ҳޱһóαװѵˡ
ĵǸޱȣΪ֪ҵΪʲôϿϵ
ͻȻŤͷǱǹײԼĶͷ䡭
ͼٴô޹ͺʹǰһõϧ
ǣˡ
һܹŪƭˣҲʮʱȻȻ뿪˼ҡ
һһ˵⻰һѼĵͱࡣ
ԼĴ޷ʶ㣬ǵǸԵα㡭
ȻʶĻɵõɴ˫ĿƵİɫӿ
ſڣÿҪ˵Щ
˵㣬ȥڣδ˵塣
ľӣ㽫˶˵ĴڶˡЩΪǵĻ붼ƵѪ죬Ŀġ
Ů˵һ֣ǰһƣԼڣýǶȺֱӴ̨ȥ
䣡
һҪס֣ȴֻܿԷָԼ֮롣
䣡
ôźû˿ͣ
ϰȫ½ǹͷҲ̧ͺװ˳ڡ
ۼ佫ҪȥȻ˿˵ش̨ȥˤڵϺ󻹲һΪȹˤڵء
ѾܲˣֻҪ
䣡˵˵䣡
ҲˣĲˣ

ҳˣȵҲˣ䣬ĺܶԲǸŮҲйأ
װԱߣԳ̧֡
Ƭ̣һȺƷ˽Χס
Ȼ׵ţ׷ͳԼ׼Щˡ
һʱ䣬˽һ
䣬ȿңҵǸΪһεǸСЦţǳĻȶ̫ԼٴδŭԷ
ǺɫȫӰĺ󳵴䣬ҰɣʲôĲá
ҺòãһıģһϲģġٸһλᣬĻŬģ
ȴ㹻Ķ
װ׼õС̺Ӻˮݸ䣬Ҫ뿪𣿡
俿ŵ汳˫һԲ
װȴ˼
ɵЦ˫֪ˣǻȥɡ
ˡ
ۿɼľţ䣡ȵȣ
Ҫߣ
䣡һõģһŬģҪߣҪ߰
ĺ˺ѷΣЪ˹ƫִǸųҲһ
䣡
أ
һӵ飡
俴װ԰׵ɫѪİɫ¡
䣬
л˵
ˣȥ˸ð࣬Ȼܻ
Ŀǰԣװȷʵ˶Ľʺ޵Ķ󣬱Ͼô
ȻװǲԼ˽ģЩͷĻҲûƷ
ûϵԺеƷģŮĴ΢Ц



24 
ȿȿȣ
װס˴,ȴɵֵסѪ
򴽣װ˿ڡ
˿ǵһߣһĲ,ֱӽĴ򴩡
ȿ,,ǻǡ뿪ɡװ԰ɫ˵һ仰
ͷ,󳵴ȥ
Է־ǹ,۽ǻδᡣӵһ,뿪ۿ
䡭
,ǹ¡
ΧһжعžŽǹȥ,㶵ŵ档
ã沿鷢˱仯
ǣƺҪŬЦȴΪʧȥαװĿĶЦӵġ
,ĻϽɵġò,ԣΪÿһε̳꣬һģ
һ֧ЩĻʧ,ôͻͿе¥㲻Ƭ̾ȫ̮
ΪʲôأΪʲôҪأ
һı,һϲӡ
ѾŬ˰
ļڲ,ɫ԰ָֽݿҧƬ̾Ѫģ
ôأôأ
ֵ,䡣ҾԲ,Բᡭ

ʱ,Ѿװ˿ֹѪˡ
ڴ֮һԲװȴԼ˵
ڿһʱ䣬ȥһЩˣ֪ˡװ˵Լ֪µĹ̡
²㱻ӵװҲûбֳ˿ǣǿ
Ѿ³׷뿪ǵʲô嶯ˡ
һӵûдֱӴĴװҲκξʧ߿־嵣ǵ
ֻһЩߵ߳ŭװὫǷ
ռ˼ֻ䣬ԼҲһ΢űߵūͰˡ
װ͹ڳԡ
ҪֽѾɺԵѪβȥֻǻû֣װóȥˡ
ɫǲ԰׵ģЦȴʹǰһ˳
ûֱ䣬ǽ߹̶۾·һλá۽´ģڳڽΪ谵Ĺ£ÿԿëͶڼϵӰ
Ѫβȥ꽫۵ڴá
һϵоٶȻǵľٶҲʲô
һ˲䣬ţû˵ʲô
ҽԺװҽԱĴߴȥ˿ˡ
ҵ棬ڴŷԼֻǱˡ
ĸͷ۵̫Ѩֻƣ
ڵȴĹУ˫¡
ҵĴ㰲Ҳ˾ȥ˼вԾ顣
ʣŻԱɱʲôܹЩΪѡദ
ǸɱŮӣִԭ
Уװֻһĵ곤
ʶʼ磬ƣһޱ˶óġ
װֻһȵĵ곤
ƶš
ûйԼݣһжչʾǰֻǲˡ
ֻ˵ʧǰԼѾ֪ˡ
Ժģ̲ס˳˯
ҲǼ̫ӣ˯Ҳ޷ȡ
﷢½룬һǳŻеɫ䣬һ׹غɫˮ
иں˵ĵǺᡣ
䣬ѡ
䣬䡭
䣬һʫˣ԰ɣϴβһץסˣһúʫһһץסġ
䣬ңһλʫ𣿡
أ
ҵըǲڵըѶļУǰһжˮĵӰ
Ȼ˫ۣ̱԰ɫİ׳ʹ۾
±۾һ۾Ӧƹ⡣
ٴۣ俴ָ賿һӡ
ҵĵѾرˣ俴һ۲ڵװûнȥ
ֻߵһʱЩ£װϢ뿪ҽԺҸطһ֫Ѵԡ
ǾһҽԺشȽϻƧҲûдǰȥ˽ҽԺÿ󣬶Ǵ͸ͨƽ
賿һҽԺܰ·ĲҲ˵ϢֵֻĻʿԴ
˸ϱˮҽԺһ̨ߡ
İȣȴǺ
һ㡭
һ΢
ϱͷһͿһŷ˫ֹ̨Ϸϣ°ȫƻڰС
Ϊ˫Ҫץܣ¶һھݵҹɫ谵ҲܽԷȥѿһ
ͷһλ˵ǰ棬ŶԷȻ̨קһʹ̨ˤȥ
˵ֻ¥ˮأˤȥ˵öȡ

һʶԼһٴΰԼ̨Ų˼֡
ץ㣬Ҹ˵
Ҳ֪ԼΣյúܣ㰴Ļȥ
ϻλһֶӣǺ׼ʱһԾ£
Ҳ̨ϣ
ۣ
˷׷ˤڵأѹϡ
Ϊ˱ֱˡ
ô̼Ҳһ˷ܵ˵
ʱſ
һǻɬ֮ݡһ״޳ģȴΪϸԳС
Цݲûнңʲôһȥֳ˷ܲѵĺӣںͯЦϳֳȻΥ͸С
ɿ˶ԷĶԷȣöԷԼ
û˿İʾǰ˼֣Ȼͷ棬ú
̲סԴ󿿣ȴֻűĵ档
ſ˵Էһ˵ʲô֣
һ㶣ͻأضߡ
һƬɫҲһƬžҹաֻǵһ۱ΪǺɫֻĹ󣬲ŷǵӰǿյͬ˵˸յԲ¡
䡣˵Լ֣ٴƣȴ
Ц˳һѡ
ʱЦ
ʱɣƺϲ׷ʵһ׷ߣǰ㲢ʶ
Υıǩʱͷϣ̲סĿþá
ʱǷɣ
ڿʲôʱٴûзִеؿ䣬һգգ䡣
ûʲôҡͷ˵Ȼû£뿪ˡ
ʱգգۣʵʣ뿪ȥҿԸ𣿡
ҾҽԺҲȥ
ҮʱͻȻ˫ֿŻһҽԺȥΣ
һˡ
Ҳܾˡ
ʱֳţƤҩһԣֱӸ뿪Ĳߴߴ
Ϊʲô
𣿡
ʲô
Ϊʲô䣬Сף
ʵҲԽСףҵʱ
ۣˮ
һ·䵽װĲͣ½Ų
дſĵʱʣأΪʲôϡ
ʱգ۾ѯʺչһӲŻ¶ɴ΢ЦΪҿ
л˵
µѾ֣ôܹͣͲǰѼ
ʱײˣʵûŶЦ


25 
ģƯ,þûпˣֱǰһԲȦȻҾ̲סҪȥ
ʱЦ˲,Ȼ֪Լ˵ʲôֵĻ
˷ܵ,ıǩ
׷ߡ
Ϊ׵Բ,˼ҲҪȥ׷
ͻȻЩ棬ʱΪʲô϶ԭžеķأ
Ϊ
˼,ʱٴδ,
Ҫʲô
һ,ҡͷ,ûʲôҪġ
Ҫָ䣬Ҳû˵ıҪ
ʱĻشԴ,˵Ϊԡ
ͻȻʳָָϡ
ÿ˶ҪĶ˭Щʲô
˶,ӳʼ,׷һԼҪĶ
˵ЩʱϵЦݲö棬ԣһҪĶ
Դȥ,Ҫʲô
ʱ,Ҫ˵,ĻҲԡ
Զԡ
ȷʵĻشҲߵ衣
ĬŽ˵ľ,װĲ
Ҳɺ,벡,ϵװˡ
˫һ±ѰӰ
ߺ¶º͵΢Ц䣬㻹𣿡
Ӧ㡣ҵڴߣ˳Ϊһˮ
ӹݹˮѵ¶ڽı飬ˮҲȡ
ָĦϱıԵеɻıԵ̧Ӵߡ
ԭ㰡쵽ΪĵʱͻȻ󣬳°ͶŴϵװ˵
Ȼ󲽿絽˲һλ£һΪǲġ
װˮϱ
ʶ𣿡ʡ
װü𣬡Ǽһΰɡ
װȴ˼˵ȥ
ȷʵֻΡһĸ׺棬̨Ͽڶĸ׵ϣóϯˡʱָһһ˵
һμ滹ǰ
ʱָͷ꣬ͻȻҲʼЦο״̬һء
ӭɻװĳĬʱ˵һμʱװǱڶεʱװͺһģһˡ
ŶʱһΪװˣ˵ûֻǵõԼҪĶѡ
ᵽνÿ˶Ҫ׷ĶʱʱڷſЦڲЦ红ͯף
װԼҪĶ˵Ҿҵˣ
װŶԷĻЦЦһ˵ԣΪʲôأ
ˣȻҪҽʱȻ˵֮ǰҹˣطÿˣ
װЦһ֮˵ˡ
䲻ʲôϲϢԸ񣬱Ҳû˵
һʱ䲡˶
ȻʱȫΪַΧߴߴ˵Ҫʢʶ
װ˵ʱҲῴŻش
賿㣬̲סʱ뿪װúϢ
˲ʱͣһЩ
侹ȻҪԼĲ̬ǿӲܾˡ
ҹǹȥˣȻ
ٴν벡װѾˡ
ͷֱ߷һֻӡ
䣬ֻ֮ǰˣΪ׼ġװЦŶ˵
׼ʵ⣬΢һᣬֻӡ
֮ǰԼֻһģһ֮ķ֣Ȼԭĺ롣
ʱִ̫ˣܶණûа취׼װ˵
̧ޱ顣
ͼװЦпʲôȴʧˡ
Цݻºͣȴºͣ·ֻҪһͿ顣
׼ãô֮ǰֻȫƣǵ绰룬ҵϢ¼𣿡
װЦɣš
ˡ˵
ܵһɾΥŭ⡣
ڡ䣿װ΢ЦҲˡ
佫ֻװغȻ󻹸װ
ʱúɣֻһ򣬲Ҫİ˵꣬ͷҲ뿪ˡ
䣡װɫȻ԰æ²󣬡䣬׼û𣿡
ˣΪֻЩϢ𣿡
ҺܱǸҲûҪ˼ֻҪΪ׼ֻ֮ǰĺѣЩֻϢ׼ԺóԼ¼ģ
ͻ͹ȵĶƬ̾˿ڱѣ˲佫ɫĲŷȾϴĺߡ
ͣ²»ŭ⣬ȴҲüë
֪ˣȥϢȥлʿ㴦˿ڡ˵
װûжרעֱ䣬ڲôģԲᡣ
šɫڻȥϢ
ɫЩװԸصϡ
˻ʿѵ˿ڴ󣬾뿪˲
ҵϵ̨û˵
װķӦĵĵЩ˼
ʱ˵һμʱװǱڶμʱͺڵ״̬һˡ
ôһεʱװʱʲô
ʧԺɿطĶһ֡һ֡ز鿴йװϸڡ
һΪ׼һеġ
׼һУָĵʲô
ָͻȻЩ䣬䲻ɵָ
֮ǰװǷйν׼һСƵأ
˵ھԲôôǰأ
ǰ
Լ뿪˼ҺϾ˴ǰ˵ϵΪʲôƫƫװ
ΪֹìܣΪŮΪ֪żǰʶģ˫ǹ˼ҵġ
յװҲӦúϿϵŶԡ
ͻأģ뵽оá
оúֻǼʵԣôоһɱȡ
Ϊ蹷
Խ˼˼άԽǻ磬ǰǰ׻һƬ
ͻȻԴ۵¸ÿ¡
ʲô
رֹ߽״̬
ع񣬾Ϳſ̨϶ŵʱ
ʱװһμʲôʱ򣿡ͻȻʡ
ǰʱЦŻش𣬡ǸʱҲʮأ
ǰ뿪˼ҵʱ
ʲôѽװʲô𣿡ʱ˸ơ
һţһȻ¡
ɫĲŷ΢Ĵ΢΢½ǣֻ¶һССļ
ûʲô仹Ļش
~ʱȻȻСӲŻе飬һֻצӹҡΡ
ĳ棡
Ը˶˵ֿ֣ȴǿ˦
Է̨ԵһСľпˤȥ
䣬Һ㽻Σ͸Ұɣ䲻˵ʱͻһַʽ
ҡͷסʱ󣬡ȴ̨ɣΣա
̨ԵĸоģʱЦ֣ʱ뿪ĸо
Ҳһ
̾
ͻȻǰȥ
һģȻʱקŵ̨ϣ
ʱ
ǣЦݲöֿһȥɣ
л˵
ҲʱһʱطķɣͰ΢Ц



26 
˵һǰ,ΪʱǷеɻ󡣶ڣʱǷˡ
Ͼʲô˻һЦһק̨Ի鲻һ
Ȼ,ϵ뷨ûʱ˼ָˮˮ,ڵץʱ̨
Ĳһȥ𣿡ʱҡ˫,һ˫۾գҲգ䣬еʧ
Է嶼ڰ,ȫ֧ŲŲڵȥ
ʱһֻ,ץס,Ұ
ʱ,ǹһõĻȣð
һ뻹Ҫ̨,һ͸ɴ佻Լȥ
ֵֻץһ㽫ʱ̨
俿̨΢΢,ʱą̊́Ҵܡ
ڵԼϢ,ʱܻߣЦݿɰվ߾ˡ
ոպҵĸ׺񰡡֮ǰҲҲҽӽġЦŶ˵
ûд𻰣·úɫָƽ
֪һε,ҼƯġҿһ,ҾͲܿˡ
ʱԹ˵
Ҹոտ̨ץסˡҽӽ,һ֮󣬾Ͱ̨סˡ
,Ҳҽӽ𣿡
ʱ,򴽡
󻹲żµ۸о,ŤŤ΢⡣
ΪʲôҪ׷ʡ
Цݲõͷһ¶ȵı顣
ƺе˼飬־Ī°˼˺ü룬ٴιϺͯЦݡ
ΪƯ֮ǰ˵
ޱ飬ΪʲôƯأ
ʱһסˡ
ʲô
ǰһΪʲôƯΪʲôΪƯѡ׷𣿡
Ϊ˵õӳͿʼ׷ĶǸҲԸ⡣Ҫ׷ǡأҪʲôķʽ׷𣿡
ʱۿɼƵȥײ̨Ͼû취ˡ
䲽ƣƽڽȾǳȴԵŭ⡣
ģþȫŽԼХŭѹƣܹ˵һ仰
ʱȫסˣߴߴ˵ʹʱһֶ²ĿİͰͺ˵һЩʡ
ŮԲûҪ˼ʱ̶ʱ
ԣң˵ζʲôʱŮʵ
һ΢ķ̵֮΢ůȴҲĪ⡣
ʱ죬һԲ
õĳĬʶ޷ش
ʶʱϾ˶޷ش
û壬ֵһƷӿȥԱΪѰҳﹷû취ķޣбְܵźͯѰĸס
ûҲûмֵӲҪΪҵһɣǾʱСȥ׷Ķ
ͻȻҪ֪Լǰʲôӵˡһмͥ𣿻𣿻˵ϲĳ
ֻ֪Īˡ
ˣ
ųȵʱĬĬһָ
䴹˿롣
ʱڷ塣
һֱΪķһ̹ɵĲˣˣ
ҡͷǸŵˡ
ʱСװͷţղźÿ£ҲΪҪˡ
ֱⷬСӡ
ʱûӣֿʼЦָôߣȻֱӸΪʮָۡ
Ϊ´β̨ˣ˵ԺҲŶ
֮ĵǸЩ졣
üĿЦЩֺáֺøǽǺһɰ棬ֻһҪҪǹĺӡ
ãġ̲סü˵
ƺΪԷͺͯԵʣĶԷԴỺ˵֣뿪̨
Ȼʱȴվ̨һˡ
ŶԷ뿪ıӰֱʧҲûջߡ
ͻȻ˫סգԴССƺһ
ͨĶ䱩¶˴ʱָ̬֮й糺ɫΧĿ¶
Լ뿪ǰʲôģʱȴһ
Ҳڴ֮ǰֻһǻŨˣΪŨҲ̽Եظ¡
ǣ˫ǳЦǵĲһҡ
ڻܵʱ򣬾ͱŨ׽ˡ
Ũ
ʱֻϲȫģڽãͼȫҵһĨͯʱΪ˽ӽ̨Բ¡
͸ɫɴǸˮңԶɼľĶ֮
һ̲ŷ֣ԭԲ¾Ͳĺ档

װҽԺסһڣתƵ˾͸豸˽ҽԺȥˡ
ֻ֮һµʱ䣬ǿָ
䲻˵ֻ;ӦԼȥһΡ
˰µף׵սӽβ￪ѧҲҪ뿪
Ҫ𣿡Űʡ
ǰǰҺҪȥԼᣡʱһ˷վЦ
䣺ǡ
ɣ˭㣡
ʱῪЦƤЦⲻЦ˵
ʱɴֻҺһţѵǴ˵еԼ𣡡
˳Ĭ
ʵϣֻԼţʱôġ
˵ֻ֡Ϊ뿪ҽԺͲʱĽˣ൱ȻȻظһ뿪ҽԺĳ
˼Ƴ̳ŷļһһ˲ĿܵһҽԺڰסԺ
ĳ䵽ڶǵ
˺صĲҲûгҩԿԿҩ𣿡ǰ̨ʿֱ׳צҩԼĲ̬Ⱥܻ
ǰ̨ʿʱľٶŵɪɪԺѯҪʲôҩ֪ԷҪǲݮζǡ
ӿʵʱ˺زˡ
ʱҽԺסԺٴδŲŷص꣬Ѿˡ
Ȼɱɼ档
νмۺ죬ʱƺǾͬըëè䣬俴Ľ˹
ͱڡ
ʱڿʲôЦû˵Ҫ㵥ȥɡֻǡҪţ͸ŶѡôԼأɳһְҵЦ˵
ô˵ҲҪ䵥ȥʱ࣬ѾԼ׼ˣ
һǹֱ׳Ȼӿðһ߰װﾹȻǹȻȥǸƫƧҽԺһʹû֪֮Ҫ䡣
Ŀɺ޳̶ȣȲǰʱ
ҲͰˡԷȫһûʶĴһѡܷʲô
أ촩ŲŷȴԸҽԺţҪ͵͵ʵϹܵڲ䡣
ҪʱŪǵı飬ǣԼҪɣʱ᲻鷳أ
㣬أĿڰͶ䡣
䣺ѷ۵㡣
л˵
Ŵ̼ͷˣС
ʱҪӽҵ
䣺Сӣͦɰ
ɣȺȫ


27 
áٰ,˵֡
ɫ˲䰵һָԭ
ֽе鱾ܣȻ󽫹õΧȹ,Ȼ,Һһȥɡ
Ц,Сǣ䴹һߵжЩɬ,,ǵ곤,ΪԱô,͸һˡ
ңҿҪѧˡɬ˵ٴһ㡣
걾ϧò,ټǳı飬˵ڻˡ
仹û˵ʱվߴߴ
ŶΪҺԼ,ǵԱ,Ҫúù˵
˵ʱȻĴɵļĳ,Ͳû̾ҡͷˡ
㿪,΢΢һЦܱǸ鷳,Ժúùġ
˵ʱĺҸ,Ȼ,ÿ춼ԴҽԺܳ,ҲΪҽƷõĹϵʲôõ
һϯ磬ܸоԼʲôֵĴųУΧķ粨Ĵܡ
ʱ˵šü˼˺þãڻȻ
ԼĲŷڴͳһɫװĺӣ˵˵Ļ֣϶˳صĲ
ûϵҽҩû꣬ҷһ룡
൱ʴȵؽŲݮƵݸ˰ɡûжֱֽݮ˰ɵĿڴ
˾ҪҩҩǺúŶ
ǵûиԷ·ԷһڴǹİĶҪԼˣϻñֿɰЦݡ
ɴ౧סĸ첲㣬ĺһȥ𣿡
꿿ļ򣬰ϵⱻѹһСţžǱҧһڵ޻ǡ
佫ĸ첲˺óʱദ˾ԼڿڴĲݮʱ
Ǹҵ˽¡˵
ɸմӼл񣬵õ𻰺֪ԼǾû취ȥġǿӲȥˣҲ
˼תһȦź˵֪ˣҲġ
ʱͬźһȥ
ô˵ǹԹԵҵһˡ
ӦСӣǳˡ
Ƕ԰ɺʱһԼ뿪ꡣ
ϼƳ̳뿪󣬰ɺʱ֮仹ƽļ̱ơ
üڽﰲǵʱ΢΢
ʱǰ˵ϴμүǰõϡһεүϴξˡ
ʱһǹƬ̣ǹڿǻը֨֨Ž
ҲǵŶǸʱһֱװ
Цݷãڿҵһ
ɵЦʧӸµ߽ʱ⻯Ķ߶Ľ״
ȻĶ⣬ʱЦݶûб仯
һ룬Цݣ˵ҪһΪʲôڸأģֻҪʱúõǸһԭġ
ȻҲȥǵԱҪúù
ʱգ۾˵꣬˫۷ԭ
ʱǸжɣȻֱվܡ
Ʋ졣źɵӺܼ򵥣벻仰ͺƹȥˣҪ໨˼Ʋϵ
ʱܲҵ䣬ɸûзϡ
ûҵһգҵôͿߵһС
һߣڼƳ̳ϵóֻ鿴һĿĵء
·һ仨꣬˾ͣһȡ
򿪳뿪һʱ䣬Ѿһٺϻˡ
ɡ˵
Ƴ̳ٴ̣Ŀĵǰ
һ·ֱ߹˳ģֱ·Ĺ㳡
΢΢ƫĿ⣬ڹ㳡İɫ
ѪѾȫϴɾΧĻ仹ͷ׿ɰ㳡ֵ϶Ǹõ΢Ц˺޽ٵ˵Աߡ
俴һᣬջԼĿ⡣
еİװٺΣųһζİɫţǴа׵ָ衣
ԭЩҵıãȴʱš
ڣƳ̳Ŀĵͣˡ
Ƴ̳˾˷úͻƨһˣմȾ˻
ٴٺϻĹ԰
һŻɫĹϿŵߵǳɫĻЩĹϰţ·߰ꡣ
վĹǰĹϵãڽеİٺϻĹǰ
ղһʺϼӡڰ·Ѯ׶Σ඼ڿյβȡ
ΪǷʼѡݼ٣ҲȥЩ
㣿
һ㶣ͷȥ־Ȼ
Ůһذ׵ѣлһӵĹϹͼƷ
ĿƵĹϣ¶ЩǸ⣬Ǹ㡣
õǸ˵
˺ҾúⰡ
š䵭˾䣬Ҳǡ
Ůԣ˫£Եÿֿɰ
ġҵں֮ǰ͹ˣ֮ҺͰְһǣǡüĿˣְڵҲôá
ͷһǰƺһ˲ʲôգۼʧˡ
ʱ̧֣Ůķ˿ġ
Ѹٲһ£ָ
Դ˭Ҳʲô顣
̧ͷСĶѯ䣬Ĺϵģ𣿡
ǰɡ
ǣΪʲôɡ
ǰʶƽ˵ֻΪϧ̲ס
㲻ʶȴΪϧԹ𣿡ͻȻšС飬Ҵû顣
ЩЦִĪԳţҲû
㾹ȻῪЦЦ˵
ͻȻЦݱԣǺܺúܺõˡ
УôĶҪ˵΢һ㣬ΪҲѡԣʲôĵ飬ҲԺ˵
ѣҲҰ
Ůģ޻ǡ˫ˮԲ޹ȴʢ˹⣬˼СС¹
ͻȻúЩͣɬдӷθ㳲ƺʲôҪйȥ
ʼûнЩ˵ֻ
˺ܾúܾãŷ֣ԭԼǰһֱƣûϢһ˼źܶණȥ۲ܶණȻЩĶ

ڷĸŮԽŮ紵ҵķ˿ڶΪŮǰص½
ŮΪղѿڶĻеǰһ룬Цˡ
ϸ۲޷Цݡ
ֻǵһĨȶѣѵ÷·ƽ浴ನƬ̾ˮ棬ֻһƻļĺۼ
˵ллҸоöˡ
Ȼں죬ǲܿƷײ޲ֱӴӺ
䣬㣿
л˵
ϲսĴָ
Ŷε̫ˣһںûʲô˼빲ˡȻһŮӰɣŮӲô򵥣ϣ



28 
ӣ
һӰͻȻ֮ܳ,ֱӽŵɫ԰ףһľҪˤ估ʱַסˡ
ſĻ,㶵֪ĳ,Щļ¡
ܵԼ,ź˳ĻССһ˵˾лл
,˭ֱǸɬɲʵ
ʱЦݲ,Сһס,ʮָ,ʱ׼Լᣡ
ԼᣡŮ𣿡ܿƾһΪ
ֺ˺,һΪ㵥ء
佫һַֿ˵ǡ
ûֿǣʱЦҲûб仯
ŮѣȻǰʱӿڴóԼװҩĺӣóһŶ,ŲҵŮأ
һĻŭĿԲ,ڿʲôС
ǻҪΪ˵乫ʱ˵
ŲŮѡ
ĻĿ˵,ƫƫЦȻ,һͯ޼ɵĺǵ˵Լ뷨
סˣû˵ʲô
û,ֵʡ
Ϊʲôᵽƽʵ˿ʲô
ʱ̹̹ͰԼҷ,ȻǸһİ
Դתת,ȻʹԱߵһĹǰһ,طö໨ϴοô໨ĸ׵ϣ
ˣʱǸˣԺܶණǷĵز⡣
һʱе㱡
ʱ´βҪˡ˵
ʱŻĻЩɻ󣬡Ϊʲôԣ
䡣
Ϊҵ˽˽ǺҪġΪʱ˵
ʱɵͷðɣ´ҲˡҲŶ
ҲûʲôȹĺӸɰˣοһ֪ܸĵĺúӡ
ʱ뿪Ĺ԰
΢һЩĵطʱϵĲŷͱ۵Ĵڡ
·˶̲סͶעһ룬
Ȼϰ߱עӡ
ͲŷʱûʲôӦ
ǸΪʲôʱҪŲŷأڹˡ
ʱʱڵԼǺӡ
һ·ϳ̫࣬ټ֮ǰ˰һЩǹܿͱˡ
ѯʣʱԥ˵Ϊǲ˰˾Ҫúſ԰
⣬ȴȻƽģ·۵ǽڲͬĲŷ
ͷ΢Դȴһԡ
һ˾һʱ䣬Ҹط緹⡣
䲻ʳʱʲôǳʲôôѡصͽ
˵һɬĹжϺܹϡ
óֻĻһᣬҵһԼ۱Ⱥܲļҳ˲þ⸽мӾ͵ˡ
˾һһЩ򵥵Ļ⡣
ʮ·ʱʱͻȻͰ͵ġ
ҩûˣܰʱ˶ήԭǲõЦҲûоС
Ȼ֪ҩָǲݮǡӵĲݮֻڸ˾ʱŽӴִ֪ǲг۵ģҲûа취
俴Ͱ͵ʱͻȻ˵һԶٺҩ
Сʱ
ǹÿһ춼ϳԡһǹжʮǡҲ˵һÿٻһٿǡʱӲ͡
ôݽҲⲻסǹ
óֵֻͲȻʱ˵Ҽһݡ
һµദʹ˵ľࡣ
֪䣬ȫʱҪչ˵Сӡ
ʱȻɻ󣬵ſ顣
佫ƹսȥһֻסʱĴָѹסǷֹͺϡ
¼һ£ѾЩбļˡ
Ҫҩͣһͣ˵
ʱһ飬ȻֱӺסĴָ
Ҳסˡ
ָʪȣ΢΢üɿ
Ŷʱɿˡ
һĻ˶ľսģ̳һЦóֽݸ䣬Ҫ̵ˣȲһɡ
ӹֽлֽĴָϵˮղȥ
˱һ·
䣬Ҫͣҩ𣿡ʱȫûаѸղŵ鵱£ʵ
˲ڷԱ˽ҵλ
ҩ̫岻ãҩ˿ҩԣҪһ֡ƽ˵źСӵĻ
˵ԼǰװԺСӵĻ档
ʵҲûа취
Ҳֲʱʲô״Լ˵˺صĲݮǵҩԣȻҽĬġ
ҪҩװںĲݮǡ
ǺðɡʱӦˡ
ֵĹ̲סĿ
żʱʱôʶĲҲʱΪʲôƴӡ
ֻǾã֮ദʽ֡
ѣҲʲô˺С
䱾ûв˼ϸǴиоһ
ʱ˵
ǡҲǰ䡰ǵĳΪʵ
κζ
һִ⵽̵ִֵ֪ӡǣֱӡԺе˼ΪΧ֪ϡ
Ȼʱֽ֪ȻȻıˣڴû˽¿úأֻǾʱԼ뷨䶼޹ϵ
ֻԼ֪Χء˲ˣȴ⡣
ָ׻˵һԼϲĲˣЦŽ˵ݸ䡣
㣬Ĳζܲ
ͷ˵󣬾͵һˡ
ʱǵһһĲʽ
ԱߺʱֶԼôҩѯʡ
ǿ϶ǲ޽ƳȥˣֱԵʲôſԡβ˱زҪһ¡
룬ʱ˵ҽжҩ˵ʲô𣿡
ûСʱ˫֧Լ°ͣҽ˵ȫ԰ĸ׵İżҩ
ʱĿѾ䡰ĸסĻˡ
û˵ֻС䣬ȴ˵
ͬע⵽ʱĸ׵Ƶʡ
ӹദУƴճʱĸסƽȴϸڴҵĵط
˼Ƭ̣ҪЩ⣬ڽ֡
ڣ䣿
ƺܾϲְżС
ȥ??ȻǺþ֮ǰһΣԭежδ
һеװڶߺЦݱЩн
ʱע⵽ߵƵģŻæֺ̧кơҲڰɡ
ʱ΢̧ۿûʲôȤؼ俴ˡ
Һ㻹ʱԷġأһЦʵ
ĴкδڷһЩ
ʱ⸽һλչ緹
Ƕ˵Ҳǲܿϡ
ٶǲôòģȴΪСĵ̬úͲһСˡ
ڶδУ˽⵽ԭжְҵһңǹĻҡ
óֻһ£Ϳҳ϶δеĻչ
һƱȻߴʮмС
㿪˸蹫Ļ
ӡɣ滭һЩ˵ķ羰Ȼϸڴ͸¶ҵϸС
ǸҪҪ
δͻȻʵ
˵仰ַ˵ĺϼƺ˵仰Ѿе
̧ȥŷֲ֪δѾĶ档
ڶδߣĻ˫𣿡
š
δһ˵УԴԽԽͣԽԽͣ͵ϵı飬ֻһ˫صѪĶ䡣
̫лл㣬񡣡Ц
õġδС˵
һ̧ͷ䡣
ǸҲҪ
˵û֪֮һټ˵Ȼ䲻ҲǿԵûйϵģҪ㲻ϲԲҲġ
˵ٴδԴû־ı֡
Ŀöδȫ̵ǲЩǡ
ȥչͦϸ߷չģ᲻ԭеľ飿ȻĺȥͻֱȥĻ᲻ŵͶδ֮ĸ߷չ
˼˺һᣬȻˡ
˵ףԭֻһ·˼ףڶѡӦûġ
ԭĵĸߺ·˼ʲôϵأ
Ǿʹˡ˵
򵥵һ𸴣δϵİ˲ʧתǿҵϲ
̫ˣһú׼Բʧģ
ڼ䣬òˡ
δվǸҾͲòˡչʱӣǸʱһҪǰϵҡ
ǻģ
δ뿪ˡƺ뿪̫У;һ¡
˵һξٰ컭չǺþ֮ǰˡƺ˵һӦû׼úʢɡ
ûʲô۵˼
һߵʱҲûʲô۵˼ר־ǰĲˡ
ӣϰӣץӵķʽҲͺһֻץסӵıȻķ
ʱȥչȥ𣿡ʡ
ȥҾȥʱҲش
ȻԴ
Ǹ˵֮ǰͰǰǸͬѧ˵ʵϣҺͰ˾һǶʱû
Դ˲ûие֡
һٷˡ
ڽǰȥһϴּ䡣
ʱλϵȴ
ŮЦź˵Щֻȥϴּ䡣
䣬Ȼ
һϢŮԭЦ˲ʧ
һȥ˷Ϣ
Ǳߺܿͻָ˸áı顣
ֵ㿪һֺǳ˳
ԼҪ˼⣬Ҳѯʦ
仰ȥͻȻͣ
ԺУƺڱǼ⣬һ˿һƵؽﰴѹ
ˣȻšüͷ
ǱԴյϢҲû˵ˡ
һЦǣӣҲѹֱȲϱˡ
ʱȥ˺һᣬŴӸϴ̨ϴ֣뿪ϴּ䡣
صԭλѾˡ
㣬һΣһηɡָǰı飬˵
俴ţʱԼɡ
˳˲չķߣʳ
ˣ㡣ͻȻ¶Ϊѵı顣
ҵİְҽԺ˵飬û취һȥչˡζ˵커Ϣ˵ְֵ˵⣬Ҫһ
ȥ
ⲻʲôõ飬෴˵Ҫ
㶣ͷ˵ǾͿȥɡ
ٴɬЦЦţ´Լɡ
ʱ˻ӻ֣Ĺվȥˡ
˹͸Ҳ˸
İְҲ𣿡ʱɻ
š
ʱһ𣬡ǣܸое֡
ŤͷΪʲôΪأ
ŷŹ뿪ķ˵Ϊĸס
էһĻ߼֡
ĵصȴĻʱֲҪ˵ˡ
ҪǣһβҵطԼġҩˣڽҲܳˡ
ֻҪһ뵽Լδʱֱ©ûһס䣬ҩ
̫ˡ˵
ĺԡֻһſ𣿡
һȰɡ˵
ʱ·ߵϢϣ˫ȺϲҲɵطϥϡ
ҪŶ
á
ȥˮ꣬ٻʱбһϴĲݮ
Щɡ佫ݮݸʱ
ʱӹݮû̳ԣ̧ͷ䡣
˫·ҹ֮ע䣬ףֻеԲ°
Ȼҩ಻һõͬһԭϣЧǲġ˵
ʱͻȻЦüۣ϶Ǳƭǲݮҩ
˵ûգüۣţұƭˡ
ûйϵ֪϶ǹģ
һŲݮߣݮҵҩζһģ֮ǰҲĸƭҾͲᱻƭˡ
Ҹ䣬ԺͲٱƭ
Цݴ棬ֵҫԼľ顣
޵Ĳݮϻˮ飬˳ŴУһԼ
ԣһţҪúóŶ
л˵
ֺˬһĲ
٣ҲΪ͹ǳԵһ죡
ᣬİٶ֣ǾӲϣǾͰİŲɣϾΪ˴ǿˮ



29 
Ьȹĵ,ܿͺΧϸںһ
·ĲڣǻĻǿĵչŲǣʱʱ˵Ųĺת߶񻯵ơ
ʿԱ߾,ޱ顣Ȼ,ϳû˾ʱҪ֡õķ̬ȡ,οֻһҽԺ
Ҫ޿޵ķǾȥڵ˽ҽԺɡ˵̬ȡ
һ䲡ǰ,,ͺĻ˸档
һλʮ,ƽӹ,ȺҲҲʤЦӺͰףһ۾øеӡ
Ц,ֻҰְֵôõ𣿡
ֻźЦݣ˺ܶ࣬дˡ
,ϵЦ˼,𣿡
ֻЦŵͷȻ󷭿·ףڳ,ͳһͰ͵ֽ,ݸ
Ͱ͵ֽȻ濴úɫǩֱŤŤּ
ȡ΢ЦСּ
ֻ,ɣ״Ѿתܶˡֱʻ,д˺һͷ
ֽ,Ѿ,ҰְֳԷ𣿡
ûУȥһࡣ
Ӱóֽݸְֻɡ
ֻЦнӹֽ𣬡á
ֻˡ
Цݲ䣬˵Ĳǰҵ
һĲĲʩȫҲĲ˲֪ٸΡֻҪţˤһ춼
ְ֣ܺãȥĹ԰衣һΪҵıӣһ߶˵
˵ĿڱǱ˺ܣݿƣ촽Ǹɵѿ˫۰ȥһ˫۾鲼Ѫ˿
ˣѰݣһ˫͹ʱҪۿӳһ㡣
ôΪʲôңͷʲôҪĶԺ˵
ھĬƬ̣ŻȻ򣬡ѽˣ˵˻ˡ
˵һ˫ϣǾǶݵʲôͣһʱѵݡ
ˣдЩҿˡ˵ǰֽ̯ǵЩЦ⡣
㿴д󣬳òֱӣһһ۾;öġ˹˵
չʾ˵ǰָָ֣㿴ȡһʻԣŤŤдˡ
ָһ֣һƲһǺһģǷֿͳˡˡɼûкúдúдû˻ѡ
˵Ķ԰ɣְ֣
˴ӿзҪȴʧˡ
ֽջϵЦʧˡ
ۿԼѪԵϵĸڲͬڿһȥ롣
ôʱֻˣһࡣ
ϣţСģżҩѾǰͻʿùˣŵ˵ġ
Ǿллˡ
òáɫЦУǸŮúġ
˵꣬뿪˲
ְԼעתƻزϵˣǳ˳ǰʱ򣬾ûкúóԷɲܲúóԡ
ָĦֽţֻ˺ֽžͱһСƬ
ЩƬڣֱӽ裬ڳ̤̤ţһէһȻֱ治
úóԷɡ˵
̵˵ĿУ˿˴ʱ޷ЩҪ׽ʳ
˱̵¶̵ǲͷ޷
Ϊһһڵι֪һףֻһ㲻ֽ֪ĵײ
ⲻͳ𣿡ЦݣְˣҪúòӪźá
սˣᵽܵǿƣݵĶֽ˵ѹ
ҽԺһֱȥɡģҲһΪûǮòҽξ¥ġ
ҰϺǰһԷź򣬴ź򣬾⣬Ҳź򡣡
ŮЦŤҪúûȥְ֡
л˵
ȫû״̬֣һЩ˳Ѵó޸һ£һЩе㷴ǵ
ٴǿһ飬Ȿ޳ǴѪ͹ǽɣܲ⣬̵ܷˣþǸۻᶨվ
ǰǷµİ֣岻ٵĽһ²ϣϻһµĸ¿͹ǲҪŶ


30 
,һţҪúóŶ
ݮ˴ǣЦȴ̵ÿȲݮҪۡ
һ,ֽݮ,š
ݮ,ҧһڣζ˲ǻ
ܺó,лл˵
ʱ۾,,ԺͲᱻƭ
ڳϽݮ,ЪϢһ󣬾ͼǰչ
˵Ŀĵ,ΧѾ˺Щˡ
޲ݻķװӺͬȦӵ˶Цӭ
ˣͽװеŷʱͳΪ˸Ĵڡ
,,ϵ·֣ŲŷʱĴĸпһ䡣
Զԡ
Ҫϵδ񣬲ԼûжԷϵʽʱ,Ѿһʮ,뻭չʼʮӡ
չݵĴѾӴԱڼ˿ǵƱΪǷС
ûƱ,ûϵʽֻúʱվչݵ档
վʮӡڼʱҪֱӽȥ,ӴԱº,ק˵Ҫ
Ͼܾ
ûϵ,ǲʹӺŽȥʱ˵
ˣϵһɡ˵
ϵԷܿͻظ֪˶δ
Ƭ̣ͿæܹĶδ
ıۿɼĻţܹ˫ֲ֪ֻڰбȻǸңˡ´λעģĺܱǸ
ԽǵǸԴԽԽͣСˣֻԼһʻ㡣
ûϵ˵鷳ˡ
δȻ̧ͷƲסϲ鷳ġ
ֻҪ㣬鷳ġ
һ仰ȴ㹻
ԼڸʲôҲû˵ȴĿʼ˼ԭеľ顣
δĹϵ֡
һμ滹һǰΪִӡҲͣε޳Сļ棬˱뷨
˶δţʱ˳չݡ
˸װ˵ע
ǵ߻޻ֱףڿʱĲŷʱԱֳ˾ȵ
ߴ䣬ִ˻ȥ±һ
Ҫȵʲô𣿡δʵ
վԺһλã˵ʱ΢΢
Ťͷʱÿ˶Էɫ
һϸڶԷǰڰС
ʱûдʱĳ£ǻһŽԲĳ͸ԲɫԿԷ¶˵㼡ǡ
ƺΪעӣһ£ĲҲȾˮʰĺ졣
ܾǰһĻ죬ƺʲôĵط
ָδĶǶ͸¶Ϣ
һƮƮëһһƮ䣬ץסֵľŶٴ뿪
ŵлл˵
Ҫȹ֭ʱҲԼҪ
δȥ׼ˡ
һλչĸˣȴֵúͽӴԱһ
뿪ıӰĬһᣬһǰվˡ
ʱҲǹԹԵվԱߣ䶢ŻҲſ
δһλ൱Ļңݡ
ǰһֽ񡷡
һֻɫСȸ𶯵ĳգֻСצҲǰ죬ƺǼѰҵһĵطһԣһɫĻڻţһʻ÷·һ̾Ͷ
ˡ䡣
ڽ
ͷһλŮʿװŮԣױݾţġ
ߺһ˲ĽӲǿԼȻ
ϴο㣬ѾǴѧҵʱˡŮһġ
ޥĸкʹѧͬѧΪ졣뿪ѧҵҲûϵԸȴ󷽣̡
šӹģʲô𣿡
Ů˵ָ˾ƱϵЦȴŵģܾûˣԹ˵˵
һΪԶδĻչȤ˵ûΪ˾ƫʲôģ뿪˼ҺܹǶϿϵ
ԣ㣬쵽ǲΪޥֻ˵һͰѻֹͣˣ䡣
ѾڼΣɲܽǰڴȫڸǡ
û˵ޥҲû˵˾Ĭš
ֱʱǣס֣Ҫȥĵط˲ֵķΧѳ
Ǹ䣬֪㲻ôϲǡޥ˵
Ц¶ǣǿڲһˡһԪѡֻʱ䣬һι˼Ҳٺϴһˡ˫ӣĵܵǣǵ˼кܶ׽͸
ἰ˼ҵ˫ӣޥɫ˰ף˵ǷӣһҪСЩٲȻװƳȥҲá
ǶǷӣ䣬ԻԲ΢һ
ʱġǡȻǹ˼ҵ˫ӡ
Ȼ䣬Ķߣ˵ֻҪ΢һǾͻʶġԣҪԼȡɱֻʣһʩĺ
һϯ͸¶Ϣˣ΢򴽿򼾹ޥ
ޥվֱӣЦݻָţôҾͲˡ
Ǹɴ뿪ˣֻһڲĺʱԭء
ͷ۱еľơ
峺͸ĽɫҺھƱ΢΢ҡΣͶϸĹ⣬뻭չΧĹ߽ӳ
ʱʱľƵĺ棬Ť˻ֿɰӡ
䣬ոպ˵ʲô
ûʲô
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ֹһᣬδͶſ֭ˡ
һллʱȻӹ֭
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ðɣҺȹ֭ʱſյıӶԶδ˵
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վߣڶԷº͵ЦУٴθоһ˿˿Ϥ
ЩΣ
δվһǰЦʵ
һȡ
ǸʱѧУһȣӵѧУĻԺͼݡΪ˵ţҲһԴ
ڽͨһڻ䡣ǿ˵Ĺϸί㺱ǻڱ紵ڰյĻһ
ĵĽ˵һ˫רע۾
Ľ£ԭº͵Цٴαϼ
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˶֪顣Ȼ󲿷˵ûС
վˣˣȴԾ
ǰֻųؽеأȻվ˵ɨʱŸʵһĨЦ
䣬Һʱʱקס䡣
۾뵽˵ԺġֻһĹ֭ϣֻһĹҪ˯ˡ
һûоģ仹ǵһμ
ǸеƣչһЩϢңҪҪȥϢһ£δ˵
еط˯ȻǺõġ
ʱվʱ֣·ҲҡҡλΣʱʱǷ
ܿ͵ġδЦ
Ϣҵſڣδš
ʱɳֱȥƬ̾˯ߡ
俴ΣѰһ̺Ӹϡ
˵ر𣿡
뿪ϢʱδͻȻʡ
㶣Ҫչ˵ѡ
δվߣ΢ԴȷʵҪչˡ
С䣬תһĨɬЦ⡣
ȻҪչ˵ѣǾͺúϢһ°ɡ
ϾվߡЩۡ
л˵
ѡждһЩдﲻԡ
ˣǸʱҩֲʲô£ȺԼɣˬʵЦ



31 
ҹϡ,ֵϵҲϡ
ո˯ѵʱק۾
䣬ҪҽԺˡʱ˵
ͷ,Է˯,˵·СЩ
ʱһ˫۾в,һġǺŶҿԲɾ˯
,ڻҽԺȥ
û취,ʱֻûҽԺˡ
ʱϼƳ̳,վڹվԱߡ
˱¼,ָڿհ׵Ľͣ˺ü룬Ŵһ֡
ԭ,Ƿлչһξ飿
еϢʱβûصľ顿
Ҳ˵һξǲڵġ
ʲô޷𣿡
ûС仹ѡ
ϲ齻±ǩΨһһ֪ʧˡ
ֻ,һƳ̳
ص,Żţվſڡ
걾ûʲô飬ȴĵһ۾öɰЦݡ
㣡ˣ
ܹ,ҪùĿڴ,Ǳܾˡ
뿪չʱδ͵ģ涼һЩƷ
Цɬ꽫ӵݸʱ,߲Ծض˵ϡ
̸ʱʶתƿԼ,һֻСɬĲ,ؽԼӲ,¶һڶ̶̵β͡
ܹҵĻչĺܸˡЦ˵ϵȾĺůɫĵƹ¾Ȼ͵Գɫ
һرʵƺ׵ò»ʲô̲ס̽
ûѣ¼Ʒ󣬾Ҫ뿪
һ£
δͻȻס䡣
ŲͣȴĻ
ԭأһ˫ڸǰԾʾ̬
䣬ֵʱǻٰһǸʱ𣿡
ʶԼֱ̫ˣٴæ˵ȥĻҲȫԵģҪǿԼֻǴҺܾûм䣬Ҫȥμӵģ
ǸЩʵֻǴҪһۣȫ֮ᡣǰͺóҶġ
һͨ˵״ΣԼҲ֪Լ˵ʲô
ʵû˵ˣͨ촹Դ
ȫһģ޲ҸطȥͻȻоһΡ
ڶԷУѡ˳Ĭ
뿪źǻֵĶδ䲻֪ô˼ޥĻ
Ů˵ŶȵģߵĻȴһ˿
ձǩʾǴǰǹϵϺõˡ
Բ΢һ
䲻֪ǰ׷ʲôҲ֪ޥΪʲô˵Щ
ǣϲ
Ϣ뷿Уʲôпδ벻顣
Ҫúõȥǲѡװƣ˵ķʽȥ
ԣҪϢҪָ䡣
ãһȥġ
شġ
Էǿҵϲϲö˷ܵ˵Լ
õģһ֪ͨǵģ
Ц

죬ڶδĻչ䡣
ޥŬάԼı飬ȫΪ־һ˿һŤ
ŮͿʺɫָ͵ָס˼ޥգȻ̧
ޥһס屾ܵزͫȴʶ
شңǲǣ
ޥɫѾȫ԰ǣǵġ
ǳһĻȣ˵ʲô
ûû˵ʲô
̴ָյļһĿĺ죬Ѫڽ˺ɫָ
˵ľ룬ޥҪͼƭҡ֪ģңû˵仰
ǣ֪ģޥͻȻ˵֪ģûǣ
ҿ֮󣬾ͺ˵һЩǰ飡ޥٷɿ˵
˫ڳõĳ֮ɿ˼ޥա
Ůһ׵ΪȥָմȾѪ˿
ޥǿѹɤ̧࣬ͷžԼ亹
ΪʲôȥδĻչ𣿡ʵ
Ů˴ʱ޴ش⡣
ʮɫ޺Ͷ˲սڣԭ谵ķ˺һСѿڡ
ûʡޥ˵Ҳû˵ǰĹϵã㵱Ȼ˽ġһ㲻ϲԼ˵
аص˼ȻЩ
ԣܹǴʲô
λĴСݻϣֱǾµ衣
ŮΪȥѪ˿İɫ󣬾뿪˷䡣
ޥСߣΪ˾Եʣ䲻ôͶδ˵ЩʱΪҵⲻòӴҲֻǿ䡣
δʱҵ䣬Ǹ˾֣ѧУѧҵѡ
㻹ǲǵϴҪ飿ޥʳʱٴСؿ
ޱ飬˫ʢ˵עһעżޥأ
ں͸˾δޣôǰ˾Ȼû塣δΪжڸ˾Ժ֣ܰʲô
ޥǰ鲻ˣôԶδ˵ӣѡѹԼ𣿡
ͻȻЦˡ
Цݰã˵δ˵ֶȥĻչһڣôͻڣ԰ɣ
ޥóĬ֪Լ뷨
ڵĿʱճ߳ѹ֡
֣˼ޥԴϡ
ޥҴǰô֪뷨ôడЦ
ޥǿЦЦأֻǽȽ϶ѡ
չһ壬Լջغ˵ãܹμһԼչĶδ񣬻ץס𣿡
ޥк󻰣ѡĬ
δһġ˵Ӧ𣿡
ޥһûлػ
Ǹʱ򣬻ְɡЦװδ˾
һһ
ˣоҲ𣿡ͻȻ﷭˻һ
оûɱɣһġ蹷ôܻŹǾҰɱɣܾˣ
Ҳμһεޥ˵
סˣһأһηҲμӡ
վǣ˵Ļᰡ
ޥԴѹͲȥ
˾оá
ǲ˵Ļᰡ
ȻͷҪˣͱΪϲĶ
ֻҪǶͻԸˡ
ץס˼ޥüޥò̧ͷ
˵԰ɣޥ
ޥŶŴǣЦţǰɡ
¶Цݡ
ôװһİɡһġ
л˵




32 
ֺˣ
Ĵ
ֿƲסԼƢˣ

,޷ԼƢǴСһ𳤴ҲǻĹġ

СʲôϲĶ𣿸һ,ȥǸΣ

,оѾȫмˡ
״ӵҽΪͷ,ƫƫǰȫʶԼĴ
ҲԡӦ˵ʶԼ⣬ƲסƢòֻ̬Էìܵһ
غɫ̷鲻ԱߵĻƿ,Żѩ,Ϊһ,ֱӽƿˤڵϡ

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,һ¡ҽٴͷ˵
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ڿסԼƢ,ҽһ
Ȱͺ,ȻһҪӵͷˡ
ĿŽµƬԣ˼һΪվ,ѡоõ֦,԰ɣ
ҽͷŤͷͶݷ·ڿ˵,һ飬ѿڶҲôֻ㿴˼ڵҪǵĵλ,ͱһԶԮֵĶˡ
˵ССһ𳤴,ϸ֮ǵĹϵԽԽһǵ˵ַġһԱ,˼Ȼá
ҽɿƳ˵Ȼǡ
ҽΪλҪЪ˹ʱλȻ漣ؿסԼƢ
ޱɨҽһǿЦı顣
飬Ҫ˵
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ɫ׺ܿƫƫϸġְʧȥѪɫļɫĴ°»쳣ΪǹŨīԵұ
ȥѯʵ
ȴ﷭˷óһӡ
Ӵ򿪣һɫ˿
ҪģȴٴΪ޷ƵƢֵòɢһ˿Ҳû취ͳȥ뿪ʱŸɴඪҪ
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ίͷŭͬһʱ࣬Ťƫִн
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һڲͬᣬǱ᳹׳ٴӶһʰ
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㣡
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׼ԼԸ˵ʱŮǰ֪䣬Ѿˡ
λЦȻֹ
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ЩΣȴһߵŮֹı顣
գôˣɻ
ŮʶκԼûʲôģֻһЩ˽¶ѡ
ı뿪˫ӣǰЦѾȫʧˡ
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ں˵ЩﵽʲôĿ𣿡ͬЦ˵
˫ͷΪʲôô˵أ
߳ŭ𣿡վߵС˵
Ϊ㲻ϲ𣿡վұߵС˵
δȫſҲܹδģ
˿ǴӲժ¶һ޺ɫСС롣Ǽӵĺ׺ڰĲ纬ŵĻǶ䡣
ڳɳλС꽫һԭҲưӵҼ̳˱ֳ˾Եĳ
ܿЪ˹ƢװӶеҰѹƣǳһ𳤴ԽҲΪ
ۼб־Ժɫ̷𽥱ʢŭ˫ӵЦԽ
Цªá
һֻͰС׾ӵķʽֺˣȴò˵İעӡ
ڣСΪ߳ŭ׼Ƣ
ȿҪˣ¶Ļ˲佫ѹֵŭȼ
죡
أ
ǹžҹ
űˣŮɫ԰׵վſڡ
ȻѾѾһεǹƺɵһСʱ㽫ûˡ
ү㱵˵һڵؿſϡ
ȵڲλǹڶ׼һ˵Դ
λЦݲãȴ˵෴Ļ
ȸ磬ΪʲôҪɱǣ
ȻһӲؽĿתſڡ
ڷŮޱİעһİˡ
ȣҪ侲һǰδеĮ˵
л˵
䣬ԭǹ䣬뿪˼ҺֻˡԲŻкܶϰڳƺΪ䡣
дȵ飬ˣ˵˰ɣǸϷݰ



33 
侲ѵһ侲𣿡
ɫ̷ͻȻе
̶͸
ûֱһǹеһ,ѵ侲𣡡
ǴӺģǽǻ˺ŷѪĭһӺӿ,ԡ
ǹ,ƹ˫ӿ粽ǰ,档
㣬ҶѾǸ,ܵܵĴ
Ȼ,Ъ˹ҪԼ,Ѿ߾ȫԼƢΪȥ,ǰŮҲûбκε
Įעȣޱ顣
˫ɫ,ĺɫڱ渲Ũص˿Ҳš
Ϊʲôӿң
λٽ㣬ļмί;
ֻǰһһ󷢺,ͷĿѣ,ǻʱ޿̲ʱԼ״̬⡣
ް취
ǰһֱǺúõģΪʲôֱ
ֵ߳ԽԽ࣬ͶעԼϵԽԽ١
ѾŬȥӦ,ѾŬԼ˳,Ϊʲôûа취»صȥӣ
䣬Ĵ,Ĵ
ǰϳֵĺɫߵ廭棬ȴűץס,׹Ԩǰһ˿ߡ
Ҳ,һ㶼ġ
Ǹ߸ϵİԼ,Ϊ˺ɳƵɤ˶϶Ŀǻ
ԲңɲңԶң԰ҵİˡ
Ǻƽȫһꡣ
ǰģҲܱʩᡣ
ڣȴ΢缴С
ȡһ֡
ûзӦִֵץ֡
˵ЩͲٳˣͬľż
򴽣ֱţ͸ɴ
Ůתֱ뿪˻ſڣֱӳլڵȥ
ǴȣȹͶӰӰ
ǶĬţþ׽ǻһ𣬷·ʲô˲ơ
ڣ
ûеƹ⣬ֻо޴زͶµ¹Ϊռ˪
Ȼǲ˵ʹǰЪ˹ģྶͥ
ͻȻ̾˿ץȻԼϡ
Ȼһ£հ׵ı𾪵ɫ
軹û첹ϡ˵
ȵıסˣɵ䣬ڼȻŤԴΪ㣡
ţ𣿡

ªĻȡ
û貵ĵƹ⣬ûлҲûİ࣬붼ûС
Ǿɫ¹⣬Ű貽תܹ֪˴˵ȡ
ȸоµϸģҲֱͦġ
ʱڵһμ濪ʼıֱͦġ
Ϊӹ¶ԺһǱϥֺãָǵûС
ڼһ۾֪ǲһġ
ǹ¶ԺĹ¶ǹ˼ҵĴС㣬޷ı
ϺͽƽºͬôѰңôҲǵľ
ߣҲоңɼ
֪Խ衣
ԽԽ޷ƵƢǵľԶߵעҲ
ԽҪץסߣԽʧȥࡣ
ʼġ
ǰĺڷŮȺȻе˻㱡
ңĵӰֻңֻܸ֪ҡ
䡣֡
̧
¹£ƺü۶
ȸ
Ĵǰͣ£ֹ˸䡣
ѵˮǣΪĵӶ˴ǡ
䣬ҪҰ

佫ӹصֻЩͷۡ
ʱͷ۵ƵԽԽˣıǲԺֵļƬ
ȻЩƬξʽڣ޷ȷЩʵڵĻǵΡ
ɴ˹˼˳Ȼ
򵥵ϴֻյ˰ɵϢ
ǿѧգɽҪ뿪ꡣ
꣬ͷվſڵİɡ
ʱûдǴԼ·
ɫĳ£ɫĿӣһ˫ɫЬ
˭һľꡣ
㣡Цܵǰ
ͷһꡣ
壬ΪҪ뿪꣬ûӪҵ
̨ǰ򿪵һ°ɵĹͽ·ݹó
ǰóԼǮС˽ȥ
깤£˵Ĺϵ˲پ롣
䣡
׼ŷʱŶ룬˰ɺ޲Ŀı̨Ȼվߡ
䣬ҽֻҩʱھ
Ҳϣţĺܺá
õ˱ʱ°ͣǵȻҿǺģ
ƤЦⲻЦʱСһء
һµʱգ۾ͻȻ־ҪڰɵԴģǽһĳ
Ҿ˵ԽԽˣ϶ΪûаʱҩԵʡ
һʱĴʱĻǺ޵
ʱûпѿıһǺܿϧ˵ҲԳôҩûжҩ㡣
ҿûŶʱ磬촩ŲŷøһЩ
˵Ķ԰һֱúġ
ʱβ
˶һһ䣬˵˵أȻܹ˵ϰСʱ
˿̸ʹһԼͰҲȥˡ
˵ֵʱҪμ𣿡Цݿɰʵ
䷭Ķһ٣š
ͬһ鷭Ȼ齫Լ°ڵס
һɣЦ˵˵Ǹᶼӵܲܲμӵģһ˶ֻڳΧۡ
ʱһ棬ӣ䣬ҲҪȥ
û˵óֻһһεᡣ
ֳ֣֪ԭһεᲢֻǼ򵥵ӵǵ֣ȫչʾӵʵһʵĽᡣ
ΪȫûмԸʶԼ״Ӧʲô˳Ĭ
㿪콻ļ¼Ȼ濴Ϥˡ
Ǿ븶˾
ˣΪԭеŮôûвμҪĽᡣ
䷭ֻʱʵǺ档
һϲЯֻֽˣڴҲֻͳݮǺ͸ֵָôС⡣
Ҳ֪ƽʱôж׼ҵġ
ʱȻԱߣ°ͿļϣȻָֻĻ
ˣ㣬ڵԪʲô𣿡ͻȻһͻûκιϵ⡣
ʶ̧ɣǿսȻͬЦݡ
ҪشʱʱžĻ
ۣ䣬Ҳ
佫»عֻĻȻֻĻгֵԼ
һƬ
ڷŮɫʿںɫƥϣֱͦɫĮƥһߣɫʿЦ˳ꡣ
Ƭһ֣˼ҴС㣬䡣ٶӣװ
л˵
ҵְͱһ
˰
θߵС飨Ħȭ׼̽ȻͿԷ㵱ˡ͹ǲ֪˭ȻҲ֪ǿԲһ˭ѽ˷ܣ



34 
ϰǶӵǳ˺ġߵжմȾҵϢ
յĶ̫ˡ·Ĺ԰,Ҳĳһҵʲ
һȻĹ֡
ڹֵµŬ쳤˲Ͽֻܿһѷ״ա
ڹ֮ϵ˸Ҫ̧ͷվϵߵ,ȥұĹ֡
ǸٳڹҰ,ȴܳΪĹ˼ҴС,˭̲סȥ̽ѰӰ
ȻϲҲλС鹫ȥ,ػصıһ,Լ,ҲԸñ˿һĹâ
˵λС㽫ժ,Ҳûʲô֪˼ҵĴСѾ뿪˹˼ҡ
һǰƬҲ˽,ֱٴα䷭ҳ
㣬װɳ°װ֪˵
֮ǰ˵ˣװǴӳоͿʼĺѡֻΪǹϵöѣû뵽һμӹᰡаЦ,ĺ֪һ㡣
䶢ֻĻû˵,ɴǰѯʵҲ֮Ժ
ʱǴ˸ǷǰҺһҽԺʱ,Ҳװ
ɢϢ
ոճһɿı,ڶԷĵ»ɷµһٲȻһʳҵģڹ,һ㷺
ʶࣿŤͷʱ
ʱͷû˻᲻֪ࡣֻǲ֪ΪʲôҪͺܶ˽ѡ
˵,ʱߺѵñԹ,ЦӺѿ,Ҳϲ
ͣƬ̣˵Ҳϲ䣬ܾʲô
⻰˵úûеһֱˡϸСӲ
Ҳû˵ʲôʵͰԼϰȻ϶¥Ϣˡ
ʱԸ¥קҪţǲҪ࿴
˱߳ʲô϶ǲԸǨ͵ġ
Դ᲻شһ£ʱ̱ùˡ
ҹԹ㲻ҪűôţС˵
Ǻҹʧһ
Ӧʱ¥Ϳܵİɡ
κ˳ȴῴݣֻĿ
ǳʱ¾ȻҲһףǰ·Сһ㡣
ῴŽֻǻǡ¶ֻҪ΢ϸЩƼɫѪܡ
㣬ҪЩ飬ܰһ𣿡ɺСӦĴڣͷָϲܶ˵
߶Աͬ˵㹻ģֻǱȱ͸˸߸Ь仹˼ָľ롣
ͷ
ĻӦͰͷŤȥ鿴
䵽ѯһʱЦݿɰ˵ܣüɫһģ۾еۣԿ塣
㣬԰ҰǶ붼ҿǲǡ
󲢲֣൱Ź֡
תƵϲϣȷʵһɫϵģһš߿ϸҲ׿ۡ
Ҫʲô飬Ұ˵
ԣϳЩı飬ǸʵЩҷ˵ԼĶ棬ǰĶˣҼǲ̫壬Զ
Ȼ˵ɣǣǿЩ
䶢Űɺü룬յͷš
¶ϲЦݡ
ܶ࣬һȻ󽻸ɡ
ɱ㰤ЩԼĶ
̫ˣɾ͸ɴڵһ
鶼ɵΧѾΧһȦ鱾ˡ
ǺҪĶ𣿡ʡ
ɵͷţҪġ
ţ鱾̯ڡ
ҪҰ𣿡ʡ
ԥһᣬӦˣлл㣬㡣
İɺ֣ȻЦɺʹǰû𣬵ܹûôˡ
ѧŰɵͽһ
֪ʲôʲôӣһһҡ
ҲûпѯǸҪĶʲô
㣬Ҫһ𣿡
ס˺ü룬˵û⡣
ǣûĻе𣿡״ɻʡ
佫һԱߣһ
ֽŴ֮ɢ˵īˮϢΧڱǼ⡣
ûиеģҲͦõġ˵
ƽκε
ɰҧһͷԺת˸䣬ʣװоʶĺѣ֪ûʲôϲŮӣ᲻㡣
Ƕȵ仹û˼
ɵãŰɵ˼·˼ȥ
װΪоʶĺѣʣǼҶ㣬ǺŮϲġ
᲻ϲŮԣ
ֻ˼˲룬㲻ȥˡ
䲢һϲ˵ӡ
Ҫٴ淭鼮ʱ˰ɵ
㡣
һ룬θֱӽ˵ľһơ
üĿЦɫܷ϶䴩£峺͸ʮ㡣
˿һ𣬼

ߴò֪ûʹƺߣ໥ļҲһ̵¶ȡ
һ㶣ҪԷƿ˵㣬Һˡ
ֹͣ˶
Ǵ𣿡ʡ
ľѴ˫ֻĲһ
ƺΪʹڼ΢زš
ھѴĺԽ٣գӣж䶼Ⱦ˻۵ĺɫ
񡭡ǡ³
۵
һֻŰɵ̶ƣһֻᴥ˶Էߴȡ
ָֻոɼ̷ССĺ
㣡
ջ֣һ𣿡
û̻ش𣬶ǿĻд
˺þã˵ǡ
˵꣬Դһ¡
оһƬĴеסԼļĶʹ΢ʪС
㣬һߵĴȡ˵
꿿ĻУס˼ϵļ˵¶ĳϢ˾Ѵһ⡣
㣬ʹĶ˵
˭Ҳʱжô㱡
˫ˮ޹´Ⱦ糺ɫ󣬾ѩĺ컨
Ϊ׶ļøнɵĸйٽһˮԴҲΪȵ˷ܶûֻƾűֵĳϫ΢ϢƬֻᱻק뷭С
ڴ֪ɴ˿ظ֪ˡ
۴ϻϸ弡ǶԷϢϵ֣˰ʵ
һ𣬼ס
ǰĿڴһ˲ܣеǶ˷ɵĺͻȲҪָƶ
ա
춯ǿɵ׷ء
һ˫µƤЬϿһɫ
ڰĿʶһ˲䣬һĨЦ
ǺǰɰЦݽȻ෴ı顣
ӣ߸ϣҳơ
˸͡
ɶ˵
˪Űɣҧгݵõ³һ仰ҴϹ
ͻΧը
˵ŭ𣬰û˿ӣǳ¶ЦݣľѴ
㣬Упˡ
ɤղżıΥͼˡ
ûбͻȻס
ͷͷԼվһȫûԤϻֵˡ
˾ǡ
ײߣ˾һЦ䣬ô֪İã
䶢һᣬû
ŤͷȻס˰ɵһߴȡ
һ
ҵ˼طһָⷢһ

ĺһ˲
ˣվı˵
ſлһᣬںۿ˿Ļ
ǸˡǸ˵
ļİο
˵Ľø˾ɫˡ
һߵϣվ󻹴ļЦ˵ǽĿԣ֪ϣܲҵԼܼԦ
Ļ̧
Ҳȥ𣿡ʡ
˾Цøôûиݣ
Ҳǣڿɲǹ˼ҵĴС㣬ûбҪ˵
Ļ̣ûĴʻ㣬Ҳܡ
üô㵽ʲô𣿡
ܹ˰ɵ飬˾ԭΪҴߵһֱ߳ѿ
øлҡ˾˵䣬ҿԴ뽻ᡣ
ذͷ­жǰԼһǰĺڷŮԡ
˵ΨһʸվߵˣҲΨһһԴȥˡ
л˵
һλ͹Ϊʲô׼أ



35 
˾ȻİԵͰһ˳Ĭ
ƫ,ĶĲʲôҲûС
Цȥ۵׵ĳ,ֱǸɵİɡ
䲻ûб,Ҳ޲
һ,·ղŸ˾ĻǴķ磬֮˭Ҳûں
óֻ,ʱ,ˡ
緹ʱ,Ҫȥ𣿡ʰɡ
ջЩ,Сȵͷֻ𣿡
ʱڶ¥˯,ûд㳳Ӧˡ
ٴαӵĸ˾סһؿڲϲ£ǲ֪ôµ
ƺע⵽˸˾,ɳŸ˾һ޹Ц,˵˵ϴ˵Ҫڽ˵Щ
㲻᲻֪ɣ
ס°ֻ¶һ˫ЦüĿ,,δޣȻ𣿡
΢΢ָ,ĶԸ˾ĳڰ˵ѽ,ղź˵ĻҲ֡
δ޵,Ȼ˵ЩĻ
˾Ѿŭ,Ǻ޲ýŪ
״¶¶ǳǸ̫ˡܸ˵ӵİɡ
̲и˾ŭգΪ²ֻ֣ܶŭ
䣬˵ȵ飬ҲҪֶɱ˫𣿡˾ЦŶ˵
ԸĿͶ˾ˡ
ԷȷʵԳΪĵǡ
࿡ԺգԸǰԵ
ȻԴ˺޸о
ͷϵıǩҲܸıҵıʡ
Ҳ޹ء˵
һ򵥵ĻͰ֮ǰпܵĽֿˡ
˾ͫȻɫ΢ɲ˲԰ס
ֻǼָֺԭ̬
վܵԱߣͰɴ·
䣬ߵԪ׶ӡ˾ͻȻ˵
һ㶣ʶ䣬ȴıûκηӦ
ɵһ
鲻ҪңͬģҲĿЩ˵
Щ䣬һζĳͶ֮Ը
ǰΪ˽ң˻ҰɵݡĿҲƷȴ˽óס
˾뿪˼ң˶ûйϵȻҲںΪǵһС
ǰŮŵůɫϵ·ȴ䵭͸һ˿ů⡣
۵µĺɫŨصǡȾᷳһ񱻲ˣֺˡ
˾ҧѹԼŭ𣬡䣬ȷҪֳ𣿡
ʲôûΪǶǹ
վڽˣȴƫƫҪߣǣ
һĳк
򴽣һ
վߵİǱɫǰ粽ߣҪʲôʲôǸûйϵ
ȷʵ뿪˹˼ңʲôҲûߣ
ֱͦ
èһڽű¶Ұ޵צĿǰĵֻΪ˽˱á
ͷ­żЦԸ˾˵ûпǣΪҪ㰴Ҫķʽദ
һ̰ҪԶס㣬һʹûбúһ
ǣѹ뿪˼ҡ
ӣжǺ޲öԷȥŭ
㶵ŵԼǰ꣬ͻȻЩΡ
ԭѹĸҲһɢ
Ȼú͸˾Щû塣
֪ԼǰЩӵܼ䷢ʲôƾôǵദҲ˴ŵĲ²⡣
˾Ļѵѵ
Ҫ׷ʵԼǴġ
ǶγɵԣǴġ
ͺÿ峿̫һǴỳʵԡǵۼģģҲġ
ԣǴġ
ʱѾ磬뿪ˡ˵
ֱǸ۷ʲô鶼ֺܴ䣬ɫĮԶվǰҲңɼ
˵Ȼֹ
˾򴽣ŭע䣬ͼɫпʲôȴʧˡ
ͬͣûи˵
ʱû¶ʲôɾǲҿ
ɡһ롱ơ
˾˫Ƿӿŭѹؿڣٴ˫Ѿ侲ˡ
䣬һν㣬ЩõĹ۵
˵һ仰˾뿪ꡣ
㣬û°ɣС䡣
仺ɫȥ緹ɡ
ûʲôʵɲŷġ
ֻлЩ١ûٹע˾ɾͲ
ϵ黹ûзŻܣҪĶҲûҵ
ѯҪҪңɾܾˡ
䵽ֻ˵磬˵Ժĩ˿ԻĵԱ
ûоܾɣֻôӦ
һжŰҪķչƺԽԽ
뿪󣬰ɾ͸뿪ˡ
ѧҪȥѧ׼
㣬ҿԱ𣿡
ָһ糺졣
ҪʱһȻΪС֪ԼҪҲЩ֡
Ӧˡ
˫̱ǰ䱧ס
Դľѣ·èһͼԼϢ
㣬Ҳȥġ˵
ļ򣬱ʾ֪ˡ
㲻Ϊҵ𣿡ɴľѴ̧ͷЦ
ģֻ۵׶Щ
佫Ц۵ףƽҲûлش⡣
ЦЦӵս
°ͿļϣŻŮԵ¶ȣղľѡ
㣬ҪŶ˵
뿪ˡ
֮䵽԰ҵһΡ
˫Ϣһᡣ
²˭
˫ˣ۾ͿҲһƬڡ
ࡣ˵֡
ۣСˣĳȻߡ
ǰͷϴһñ
һĵرÿƬҪȥ㣬ͷСչһÿʵЦݣ˰
ȡ򿪣Ȼ俴ĵƬ
һƬҶڽĵһƬɺɫҶӡ˵ľֻܶ࣬졣
ҿʱôƮ䣬Ҿˡ
һֻӺô󣬿ҲܵȱҪԡҾͰ֮ǰժùӸˡ
߶߶˵˺ܶ໰ͬԼȤ顣ϡƽģҲܱ˵Ȥ
ţ˫ЩƬǻһ΢Ļȡ
С㡣
ţ
Ц̫һҫޱȣһСһֱȥģ
ǿѰ
һ㶣
ǳ΢ЦǺ浴Ĳƣ׹ںҶӴˡ

ҹ޺˸
ϵı鵭ĮԶдæԼ顣
أ
ǹ˲佫˵עתƣ׷׿˷ǹԴͷ
һ˵زĿĶͷϣһĵףɺɫѪ˿ֳ롣
е쳤ȥȿ¶Ӷı飬ߵ˵ȥĻ
һЩ˱ֵֻᷳϿ뿪
ɫͺͣ˵ߡ
װ鿴˵ȷûĿܺԳڵ˵Ѿˡ
ɫڵϵˣأ
ˡ
ջߣ·࿴һ붼۾
ʬ崦ɾҪϢȥ˵ţͻȻɨΧΧȺڡ
ЩΧȺ¶ı飬æ뿪±Ǩŭ
Щ˵סˡ˵ץһЩģˡ
ǡ
˵ʬ屻ڵϵѪնϴɾһ˿ڹĺۼ
ͺ뿪ԭأǰһ
ķ羰ڲˣǰһƬϤĵؽ硣
ƹĴһ㴰ڵĳֻģģӰӡ
䣬ܿ죬ܿͺˡ
һ谭ĶԲӰġ
ᣬصƫִŤǽૻڵ
ڣȻеͷһʶ⣬ȴֻܿ赲Ĵ
һᣬջԼߡ
վ֡
죬Ҫ׼
һ䣬ֺװȷг̣ϴ׼Ϣˡ
˫ܵϤĳظС
˯⽫ק硣
ξУ֮С
ĺ˫۴ա
Цţ¶˲ĺ롣
㡭
ˣĿǰɫ컨塣ϳصСǰʲôѹסˡ
㣬Ϻѽ~
λͬò꿿һʺ˰ĲϣȴɄµĺ
ֱսڲ̽һ㽫ȵ׺ڼϡ
ǻýеֵ~ǸſߣЦ
л˵
ɶ񣬻ɿ͹͵͵ҵͷǹǲŷֵһݱ㵱Ǹ˾
㵱͹ǿٲһŶ
мҪ׽Ļɣ͹ȿ



36 
첻䲻֪,ֻ֪Ҫϵ괷µء
ѽ
λ걻һһȭϣȻ˴
Ǹź׵գԹ˵ù,Ϊýһۿľ,Ƿ˺ôġ
ĺôɲָ,װıԱ˿,ķ,ڲڴϡ
֮ܶ,ȷʵ˺ܶ๦
ޱ,ָ⣬˵Ҫȥ
˫ſڴ߱˴˶һ,ɵһ¶Υ͵ĵЦݣҪ·ǿ԰㻻
Ҫ֣ͿġЦ˵
˫ӵòұƫƫЦò,ǹƻĵĺˡ
û˵,ֻٴԼȭͷ
˫ӣ
ǳĬŴӵȻ뿪ҡ
߳⣬˫ŷ۵,׷׵һԼİ
Ҳ,϶Ǹ˽㣬Խһˡ
ͬ,ϴλأְһȭ,ⲻƽ
Ϊϲ,ԲҪһȭ
˵,һͬʵġϴνֻҿ϶ΪǶ⡣ҽٴһȭ
λͬòվſھɵⳳϤʹʻɼ˽ûٳܡ
˵ǵĹϵǶն˵ǹͬĽ㣬˭Ҳֲˡ
˵ף϶ԣֻǽһΪˡ
һᣬ˿ŵĶ
ɫĳ⴩һǳɫףԱһɫ䡣
Ҫһȥ𣿡˫һס֡
ҡͷˣҺװȥ
˱˵֣˫ӷ׷¶˲顣
ȫڽĿ˵֡˵
ֻҪǾͺܵ˵
ǽս䣬ȵϢߣֻҪڽҪʱóһþͺˣҪȥĵġ
˵˫ӵЦݱð⣬ǼһҲԸɣ
Ǻ޽ٵؽһ˱˹ߣܶһԹߡ
ǵòҲܽǶӰıڸǡ
䲻磬ѿ˵˫֣ԼСĴš
ϣѾռ˫ӵˡ
λſڣͣſûжЦ˵㣬Ǻһɡ
ǸںæµԼҪ˵
ʲô飿ǵȻ˵
ǡ
ֻڴĿʼڴһ˿ˣôһоͻס鷢ɵĺǸͲں
ǹ˼ҵ˫ӲںҲں
ҶǷӣֻǷķͬҲͬˡ
Ϊװûй˫ӵ̬ȿʵǿӲֻ˫ӵĳ
˳ڣȻоһϤС
λߣԴļϣһֺʮָۡ
ǵĶȻ·˳ǧ飬ǶıС
ˣȥ
ҲһԵʣɸе١
ϤУûн˫ƿǱ˫¡
Χֻܰǳǳĺ
ڰУе˫ӺԼøˣҪӴ󻯣ڻΪһ塣
ԴͻȻʼۣǱһ
㡭
㡭
㣡
ͷͬ·ĺͯ
ֻģһģһϵЦȴȻ෴
СָŵĻƿָָ̱һɪɪŮ˵㣬ѻƿˡ
ŮȥȴŮԴ͵øˣ޲ðѶͷڵϡ
ģĺܶԲҲģ̫ˣĲǹģ
˿ǻɪеĿ־塣
ôأѼñк˵£Ҫܳͷ
԰̹ǵģ˾ͺúúõǸûдñӵк˵
кĻŮԴȫڱĵϣѾ亹ʪ
С㣬ĺܱǸ
֪ô죬ֻܵͷŬԼĿ־岻ôС㿴
ԴԴðĿ־岻Ϊ˻ƿԴվڴСߵͯ
Цʹһɰ³ĻҲͯ档
ǣ֪ʹЦݺͿɰﱳʲôأ
ϲŪģ׽Ū˵Ķħ
ֻĺͯȴѾеȨǮп˽׽ŪһһЩ˶䣬ǾԨֻһʱһݡ
ûͬģ߸Ūڵˡ
ǣڴС֮ǰЦݿɰض˵ҪŶȻ
԰ǾޱܻӭĽࡣ
Ůûбİ취Ҳ֪Ӳˡ
ֻҪ˫Ը⣬뿪ƬؽĻᶼûУֻܳΪ԰Ǿޱ֡
ԲĺܶԲ𡭡ʵ˵ţֻϣԼлȥ
Сǰһûµġ
˵֪ǲСĵġܶ࣬һЩ
Ůһ㶣̧ͷ¶һӡ
΢һ˲ٴθо΢ϤС
廹˵ʱϢһ°ɣװҪؼˣؼҡ
ŮͻȻɴ˫
װǼٶӣδҲһǼ١ݣȴҪһͨŮؼң
ôܵģ
ǣС㷢ˡ
佫ӵȹմȾĻҳ˵ȥɣ˵ؼҵġ
Ů˺üӣ£ң֪ˣ
뿪ˣͷҲء
Ů뿪ıӰ뿪󣬲Żعͷ˫ӡ
˫ӵЦȫʧȫ¶ù֣ӦúõǸŶԡ
ӽ̵ǵģҪúõǸ
ȻǿеĵǸ˭ʲô˼
Ժ󣬲Ҫˡ˫˵
˫ӵıͻȻհס
ץס֣㣬𣿡
˵ףҲǽĴ
˭нǿˣǣǽĴҪǵǸ
ǽĴ
㣡
䱻ҡˡ
˫ۣ˫ӵǰ
佫ƿޱ顣
ǰļصһڴ
ǸŮװķԱ
˫ӱƿҲŭЦݿɰ˳
Ҳ뿪˳ڽĳС
ǽȴǽ
Ǯɵ˹С峺ĺ˹Χֻһ͸Ӱߡ
վȺ˻ľͷ׼ÿһ䣬ȴӵֺܷ
ÿһ˴ӺĳһȻ󲨡
ǸŮģôûȾһͷ޹갺°ѯʸ
ȥ˼һᣬ˵ǰ뿪˼ҵĹ䣬䡣
üëһ˵£Աߵ˵壬𣿡
˴ļ̧ͷĿɨǱߵĺڷŮԣζЦЦôûأ
Ͼһͳıɩ
סˣ֮ǰоõδޣ
˺ļֻϧûж飬뿪˼ˡ
شЦ󣬡壬Ұоûô
ɱ㡣˲κԥ˵
˼ô˵Ҹˣ
ЦͻȻͣôԪ׵߹ˣ
īѾļ˵ʱ׼Ҫ̫顣
˵ţһ㾯ؿŷ򣬡Ǹ˾Զ㡣
ЦЦŲм˵Ҫɱ˸˾ԪɵģڵɱΪʲôΪԼԪ׵λðɣ
īû˵Űɫ׵ָƽ˿۾һ˹İģ
˭֪أϾǷӲ𣿡Լֶ˵
Цݲ䣬˭˵أҲࡣ
ֶ˻ţҰıǳѪԵϵֻҪ΢һƣܽѪĸⱩ¶
һߣ˫һӰ˹š
ŵһ¿ȥֻܿ峺ĺˮԼʽ㡣
浹Ӱգɾ͸Ⱦһ˿˳ȴ˶ִƵĸо
һЩʱڵ˹俴װ
ͬǳɫϵ·ǰһҶ״롣
վװԱߵɫ԰׽ӽ͸ļ֪Щ㱼һҪ顣
䡣֪䡣
ץ֣Լϣ㱵ڵõ˻ѣü伴ĸоҲɢȥһЩ
þûпˣ㰡֪˵
ûжԽ֪װ
Цһṧ˳һֻҪҪ̷Լ˲Ҫʱͻվһߵȴ
ι䣡
İס䡣
俴Դͷһɫͷꡣ
ﵽŵЦݣȻᣬǱһΣ
俴һᣬͷûбǩתͷ
߰ɡԼ˵
˫վԱߣŷ򣬷׷Цûᡣ
װͷȻȻվߣķ˴ˣʲôҪĶͺ˵ɡ
ţлл˵
װ΢Цţ˵ʲôһǹ죡
أ
ӵ֮䣬һɫѪ˿ϡ
ɫȻӲסˣסϵ˺ۡ
ޱͷӡ
ֳǹǹڵķ򻹶׼䣬ɱ㰡
ԭ޸ýɫ޼ɵӶϲá
ԣҰļҡ
л˵
ok˾ʱҲûеʱ
ɶû׽棡ȥԸҹ׽



37 
ʺɫˮ˳Ž׵ջ°,ѩɫĳϣγ˺÷һĵ㡣
ǳǹ꣬ɫڱŨ,˭Ҳʲô
װڻع,ӿڴó,ϵ˿ڡ
ϸܹƼָķȡ
֪ǹʱͱҡҡ׹,Լ,һĪĿ־עϵ˿,Ѿװȥ˺ɫѪ,ҲûƿԼߡ
ù֣̫˰ɡͻȻЦ
ҵʳָŪԼķβ,Ǻ͸һЦݣǰù֡
һѺɫ/ǹС
Цſ˰Ȼǹڶ׼
ǹڶ׼ķЦݸǿ,Ŷ,ҪҶɲˣȰŶҿǻɱŶ
ͬЦݲ,ֻв̫
ǵȻ,ҵǹǺͽѧġ˵
£ʳָ΢
أ
Ц΢΢Ӳ,Цת䡣
ܵ΢΢ʹűȵҺ˳Ŵʹĵط°,ֵ
ǵ˿,ϵλһģһ
㣡ҲŪ,ΪʲôֹҰҲرԹš
ֻŹҳǹֱϣɶŷ
Ѿ㹻ˡ˵
ȷʵϲִǲίͻš
һΪ˵ͬķʽڶԷͬ˿ڣ㹻ﵽԷЧ
˲ᱻ˷˷ܣһģһոպá
ʱЦȫʧˣһ˫ע䡣
ʧȥ˸ղŵļ䣬¿㣬󸲸֮ǰǳϡ
ˡ˵֣ߵļ˵
˫ӻЩеǹ׼ŷ򣬵ǱһȰȥˡ
ɨڽĿ£Цÿɰ޹㲻ϲˡ
䲻ϲ˫ӵȻȥ
ֻǣ˻᲻Ǽ仰Ҫ֪ǰ˿Ǻܶġ
һ˸Ե˼ڽӴԱĴǰԼס
ǴԭؿѾûӰĿյأͻأЦˡ
ĻԽԽţһߵϷС
īʱվߣֶЦ֣Լ۾˵ˣ
Ťͷ壬˼ֲõȱ÷ģԭӵ
һΪҶǳӵĵطڿҳΪȻҲǷӣ壬Ҳ࣡
ͻȻϿŵЦʧˣ·ûгֹ
ŷīĮȫȻӵѪԵϵˡ
˵壬뿪˼ңҲκ˰ɡ
˲û̻ش򣬶ǽԼĽ˿۾ժó۾˲
ɫı߿·һ⣬˵ӰŤ˽ߵͫ׵״
۾ɾ۾Żؿڴ°۾ڱϡ
һЩϲųһĨǳ΢ЦôôأҺûô档
īȷʵûô棬ڹ˼Ҿٰ϶࿴˼ۡ
мҵǸǻӱĸ׷ɱȫĴΪ˻ȥؤ
ܿûʲô˼׷ȨƣֻҪúûȥȴҵĸ̡
ְһ¶ѣȨͶˡ
˭뵽оöȨ֮һ¾˼׳֦أ
оǰʱĻ棬īǵá
ҪҰ㣿ʲôûУһٷСʩġЦŶ˵
꽫Լȫţƹ˶ԷĺϣһƬӰ˿顣
˵ˣͣĲִֺͷнЩһֲشݵ˷īĶ
˵룬վߡ
īֻȤȤζʮ㣬ô֮˼ˡ
ԣīʩ֣Ǹıĸ׷ɱķǻмҡ
ʵ֤īûв´оȷʵܹṩȤͼֶκ佫Լһʱ򣬷īо˼ˡ
ʱԪεĵڶ꣬Ҳǹ˼ҾѡԪʧܵĵڶꡣ
ѡʧܵĺǱʱ侫Ǯʧ䱳ҪԵͼϷַĲǻ
Һ͸Ԫ׵߹ƫƫҵļ̳ĹϵԶⱳǶ˸ĹоΪмұ̳ʵȨˣ˼Ϊȶλ֦Ȼġ
ֻϧ䲢һðѿصˡ
ͺ˲ͬһݲͬ÷īϵͶעԼĹעڳΪϰߣΪвɻȱһ֡
Ҫ뿪˼ңں֮ǰҪˡǵһη˵ϸʱͻ뿪
ݵڣ⻹ڶߡ
뿪˼ǷĲκأ
ȻûС
ֻϲ۲вɻȱһֶѣһֻʲôķʽʲôķʽչ᲻һ˿һȫȻɡ
ô
Ц»ع鵽ϣֱǸķ
һֵø˵顣һζĻ뿪ˡ
īԭؾĬһᣬһߵǰĶ飺ϢѾȷˣͶԸ˾֡
ī΢΢üŶô죿
̲ס²˵һĽ䱸ûôɭϣСҲԲҪ
Ĳ²⣬īЦ˵أҺڴ
Ԫ׵µ߹ɱɲֵľĿ
ߵʮ֣еӵǰ˲ֻͣΪ˸õ׼ڶĽῪĻʽ
װվķſڵȴһᣬʹ򿪷š
˿ڡװǵѾ˿ڣ硣
ڰ֣ʾɣþƾˣʲôµġ
̬ȣװֻýѹȥһĨƽ޲Цݣ˳ӵվԱԺλá
͹Ҳ֪ȥˣûжôں
Ǽ֪ǿгŲμӽᣬľţҡҡλε﷿ͻԹȥˡ̴ȥҽƿˮǿת
װѾ˺Щˡ
µڲڽ̸ҲķΧһ㡣
ˮ׹ڰУæµȴʧŵ̴ӶŸָʳﴩڲ֮䣬̬ȹΪЩӵǷ
˿зװࡣ
˶ǶôĿˡ
̴Ӵ˵һ
̴ΪӣװѾǰõȴˡ
̴ӣ
ֹϲԣ̴ѯ˵󣬾뿪ˡ
ú󣬸ո䣬ӵһ߾վˡ
Ťͷ
ϡ糺ɫĨȹݻŰ޳Ĳϣﵽʢ˵ӡ
ǹ˹䣬Ҫ
Ӽصļޥվ󣬼俴һŵЦݣ䣬þò
һ˿ڣǾûб˾ܾɣ䣬ҲŴǰԵϰߣֱ
ޥ΢ǸЦЦȥҵǡ
ǲȥۏˮġش뱣ȫԼ
ޥ뿪ˣɢɢø첲棬ſװƵģܵسǣ٣þò
ֱװû˵
װЦºͣͬû˵
ҲûҪõװĻӦҪֲһϵϰĽ顣
ʲô𣿡
ΧĴС㰺°ͣЦ˵ɣ𣿡
䣬ǰǵõģ֪ȥˣʵûеأ
Ტ񶷡ȵӵܵѡ޿ΡֻǱصչʽ˴ҸϰԳ֮Ϊᡣ
Уϵ˶¢ϣ׳Ϊӵܵߡ
䴹
Ȼ̸ܾ̬Ƚ΢ƵЦ̱øйԣ㻹ڹȥ
üʲô
Ц䣬ɲҪֱƭ˰
һֱףܴ뿪˼ңΪʲôױЩ˵αװƭأ
ָͻȻָ򰲾װҲģûб߰ɡ
ԭº͵ЦͻȻӲһ˲ָֻܿ
ûм䣬ֻһ˫עȴġ
䣬ҪҪҰһ£ĺÿǱҪˣ
Цţ齫˰̽⿪ѪⱩ¶ڿС
װܿƶ䣬£ͫڲԾ
һﰡΪǿΪһҪĶݺݾܾ˰ĵн˰ƿˡ
ָ΢ţǰļӿ֡
ʱװɫ԰ףִֶŵظ顣
ԣװȷʵĳЩ飬ǲһһϿϵ
ǹȥ顣ͻȻ˵
ƽװûΪǵЩ
װȻɣһǵأ¶ṧ˳Цݡ
˻û˿ŭ
ָת˸ʾ˳ָķ򿴹ȥ
Ǹ˾
㿴˾ҲڡЦ
˾ȻҲǣɫ΢

ʼ
俴ȥָ˾ѾҪǰˡ
һ³һ֣˾Ѿǰ
װ뿪Լλãߡ
գգۣ³һ֡
أ
ǹһȵѪһɽ
Щٶ۵̧ͷװȾѪĲ
ͬ䣬˳ӵЦڽűҳϵūͣôˣ
л˵
ˣҸ¸ɱ



38 
Χ˴˷ľ
Ȼ,ӵĻǸһˮĻƵ컷˴ԡ
ع˵ڵϵĸ˾
һĿ̫Ѩ,ڲѪ
ջָ,ϵĲͽסڱ,״
δ޵,ԷҲֻӶѪνõǰˡ
վ,ޱ顣
װֽպͲմȾѪղȥ,ޱ,ɫ΢˵
˾
δɫ԰,ôᡭ
ͻ״˽Ƶ״̬ҲȻֹ
ۣʲô
ŷʱͻȻĳ涢Χһ,Ҫȥڵϵˡ
ʱ,˵
ָԷֻм׵ľͣˡ
ʱգգۣԹԵջվߣΪʲôڵϣô䣿
ȥ׷ˡش
ʱͻȻ,ƭˡ,϶׷ˡ
һᣬ˵,׷ˣҲϣ䱻׷
ĻЦ
ʱطԱѾֳˡ
ӵ,󶼲ԸκϽȥ,׷뿪
Աֳ,ֶ伸˵Ǹ̬ȳϻ̳Ͽ֣ԼЩӵǨŭҲŶ
Ҫ˵Աж޹ǿ϶ûеġ
Ψһļ̳˱ɱأȫǲΡֻҪȷ˵İȫǲܹûô챻׷
뿪˲ǰԵķ䡣
ߣɫƽȫȻûбŵӣЦ
䣬һƶҪ֣ڸ˾Ǹˣôȥ
Ҫô˵δü۽ǻű˵ĺۼϾ˾δ򡣡
ɫ΢䶢Ŷδ񣬶ЦŶ˵˭֣
λС˫ȻȻ°Ϳļϣǰǰ㡣
ôõġ˭ɱǸ񣬽ļɱļˡ
ɱ˽Ůô˭ɱ˸˾
𰸣˲ܲµ
ֱ
Ц󣬿ˣ²ô֪ģ
ȷʵɱģ֪ģ
ɻһȴûֱӻش𣬶ǽĿ⿴ƺһû˵ĶδõЦдЩļ볰Ū
һųɱҸ
εĶԽжδɫԷףšüͷΪʲôҪ˵ֻ
ſڱտңŶġ
ѾȫпϣһŮߣ̰¶Ⱥӡ
δɫӲ԰ˣĿԽ䣬䣬ҡ
Ƕ˵ʲôʱͻȻ˵
ڿڴͣͳһ֮ǰװҩĺӣװŵľȻǶ
óʱԼ˵Һ˯
˵žȻڵϣסԼ˫ϥסԼԴ˯ˡ
ǿӲƿʱԴȥ˯
ʱѵûйԹĻҪ˯
޷ֻ˵̺Ӹš
һҲãɡδ˵
ƿɫݵЦһڿʲôС㡣
װȫְ̱
䣬Լװ뿪Ͼֻʣ¶δʱˡ
̴ӴǵԱ߾δˡ
˵ﲻϲȥȥ֪ͨˣﲻҪ˹ҹˡ
̴ЩԥǣЩ飬Ҫȷİȫ
δЦº͵ģֻͷϵĹ߹ֲ԰ףӶЩ䡣
̴˵ܹȷȫ˾Ͳ
⻰ֱӴ̴ӵǽһҲ˵ˡ
̴ګګ˵δûΪ˼˫ӣܼҶŮٶмҵоãһƬ򡣲˵ǣߵİԱ١
οʱ١δָָڵϵʱ
˶δı̴֤ڷˡ
̴ӰĵˣΪôҪӵ϶˰ȫϡˣڲʱôӵڳ˾Ҳˡ
̴뿪δŽתŵʱ
ü䣬˵ʱ٣ڵϲһõѡ񡣡
ʱûд˯ˡ
δûеõûգͬ½ǰȥ¼ҵȨˣôһԪ׵ĺѡˣ뷨𣿡
ʱû
δЦݻºͣǰģǰվڸ˾һûһ˿һ
ϰԵαװҲΪ˱ԼòαװΪ˿ԼǶߡ
Ҳϰһαװ»ԼԿʸվߵʸ
ʱ𣿡ʡ
ʱһзӦˡ
̧ͷƶ
δЦҪõ𣿡
ʱգգۣҲŲõ
һӣ˵ʷĸеɻƶԼ뷨û˿Եõֻܱվߡ
ԣ֪˿ӵʱ˵
δʵ¶ȵı飬ʲôأ
ʫˡʱ˼˵
ûԼˣĿ⳯Ŵķ羰ȥ
Բ£߸߹ҹ֮ϣΧǽһ¹ҫΡ
ʫ˿ӵ˵
δ˳⡣
һᣬҲЦˡ
վǰ˴
ܿҲܸߡĻֲһȦѩɰ
ط¿ÿԿŷĻΧ˹
ҹĺȻףӰԲǳҹΪһ壬һģһ磬໥Ӧ
δŴķ羰Ťͷʱ˵ӵ𣿡
ʱûжԲһ
δ˵ɫԲԣҼǵã½ʱǲԸ뿪䣬ȥ׷Ѱԣúź𣿡
ʱɫ΢ˡ
ʱվߴԲ뿪ڶδϡ
ûвμӹĸ׵񣬵ĸ׽̸
ĸˣǱҵĸɱġΪԪףĸɱ
ʱͻȻ˴红ͯ΢ЦΪĸױԪףֻվڸ˾ֻܿ䡣
ĸףΪʲôԪסҲҵĸףĸɱĸסǺ޸˾ΪԪɵģΪҶӵܹ͹˼Ļ󣡡
δЦʧˡ
עЦݴꡣ
ʱǸˣǴҶ֪ġ
ŷΪ߼޷׽˵ĻͷԣΪ׷Ѱ⡣
ǲˣȴǷӡ
ΪԼǲˣҪƣƵķͺ֪֡ԼǷӵˣʱ̫ˡ
ͯһЦЩӣЦǳԲϲǾǨŭǨŭǸԼǨŭǲԸ˼ΪʲôԼǨŭ
ʱĸһλ𾴵Ľȴһλְĸס
ֻҳԪףԪ˭
޷ȷҪôʱ˺ǸɴڷﲻʱΪ׷Ѱ̨Ͱ̨Ҳ
ǰʱΪһȨˣĸһȨΪѡԪ׺ѡ˵١
Ȩͻ᲻ֶӶԼҪһС
˵õȨΣδ֪ȴɵ
ʱ˵Ҫ׷Ѱ
ʱܴһ㶼ˡδ˵
ʱЦŶҾǲˡǷӡ
δЦҪ֪ȥ𣿡
ʱͷ¶˺ı飬Ը𣿡
ʱֱúͺͯ޼
ȻҹеԲ£ǲǺƯ
ʱߵǰ
ǰͱֵúǲһδ˵
ڴԱߣЦѵԳĵᣬϲע顣
ϲ飬ϲϲ֣ϲȣϲͽϲңϲܶܶණϲľ
֮Уɫģû˱ȵùҲȲ
⣬ϲĶ̫ˣӲὫͶһط̫á
˵δƺȥ˺ңԶĵطֺû뿪
˵ϲã˵Ը
˾Ҫ׷䣬Ը̫ԵˣҲ̫ԸˡΪԼΨһʸվߵˣȻҲԪɵģļʲܹᵽϡ
δüĿһ˿Ǽɺޡ
˻װоã˼ҵ˫ӣʲôýɫ
˾ǴҸߵɶΪҺѡִ֮󣬶ҳ氲ġԣӲΪϲ˾Ҳƫ
δͣˣʱ˵վڴϣҾͼ˵
ʱգգۣ˵Ҫ˵㻰
ʱ˴վ˴ıԵϡ
ķ紵½ǣĲŷ¶һھݵ
δܽã˵ȥ
һ죬ϣ۸ˡϾһ˽ӣ׶˽ӡĸͱˣµͳΪȵߡ
ûйϲΪóαװǻעϲͬɡ
Ϊ̻ìܡ
ҵȻûٳϾһѵĻᡣδԼΪֱ׵˵
ԺԽԽƲסԼƢˡұֿƲסƢķӣǵļ嶼
Ϊ˱ѪĴԣǼѪһˡͳļ̳ˣͷǺɫġ֣ǸײҰ֣ͷ۾Ǻɫġ
ʶԼ⳶Զˣδ񽫻⳶
ʵһǶȲøеġϾǱȱ˶Щݡ
ֻϧȿƲסԼƢѪڵĸİݣںΪĽɱһ޹Ůӣ档
䳹
δˣָ˴ǰЩӵЦݡ
ʱר־ͣʣأ
ԣҪһֻ̨δ˵
ʱӸ¿Ŷδ˵Ҫ´𣿡
ԣ𣿡δٴγˡ
䲻̨ûв´ʱ˵
̨𣿡
סˣȻ˵
δͻȻһıָ÷ס
ȥĻٺ˵һЩôʱ˵
ʱŴƽŶδ
˰˺һʱ䣬ʱЦˡ
Цһʲôĺӣöδ񿿽Щ
δĻ裬ûп
Ҫƭ̨Ȼƭ˵׷Ѱˡ
ˣҲŲء
ʱЦݲöɰ䣬ǲ͸˾һϴģ
δͷһһɲԤȻļ䣬ʶʱķ򿿣Ҫס
ǣˡ
ŷȥЦɴɰ·׹ʫˣҪӵ䣬ʫӵһ
ҰѾˣ
δɫ԰ףҲֻܹסԷ½ǣܵظ½Ǵָ⻬Ĵ
Ӵ£ĿⲻԾŴĺڷŮԡ
Ҫ׷Ѱ
˶Էĺɫ͵ǸǣŨصص¹ɢ¶ҹзӿмĺ
ӵȨͻ᲻һֶӶҪġ
ӵȨὫȨ֮ģȻԥҹеԲ¡
л˵
δʱȥȻװ֪Ӳȡ
ʱԼȥȻԶסң
һƪĲ̫Ƶʮ ᣬֿƲס˵˽ȥأᣬҿдд



39 
С㣿С㣡
㻹𣿡
Ҫҵİ𣿡
ʲô鷳߼⵽ļ˾޴Ĳ,Ƿʲô𣿡
С㣿
µڶߣȴ˵ʲô
ȵĻžϯܴĶǱ޴ıըը÷,Ļ⽫յɫͨ,¶·ļǸеһ̡
ڵĿȼ﷢˱,ϵ˽նϣǾһƬǡ
俴Χʲô,Ũ̴̼˫,Ҫ,Ϊɬʹ
,ʫˣ԰ɣ
ڲı,ڲͬ
ҵԴͷ
һλ꣬ͷģڿ峤ࡣǣ˫ҹ·ӿĺ˰,ڻ֮Ҳԡ
Ѿ,ϰķѹţá·ưܲɼǵ˿͸¶
Դ,ؿ,ȻУŵЦͯ红ӡ
,ңʫ𣿡
ſ,κε
ԭ̫,Ҫ˵ͻе˺ѷεۡ
˵,͵ͷ
ָ֣ϵĻҳȥǿɾˡ
ЦЦһͿʼԣȵ˺ѷΣ޲ýȫеڿϡ
ȿȣȿȿȣ䣬ңҪáȿȣӵ㣡
̧ͷܣֶѾΧˣ߽߱ǽǵķ϶˵Ļǡ
ѾûĿˣٶȥһ붼漣
½Ͷ꣬ͷ
ҪѹϵķŲȴԼҲʹ
ǻѾûжˣŨصӱǻУһһۡ
û취ֻþ˫ۣûбѹŵϰ§뻳С
Ķ㹻ᣬǽ˿˺ø
ûкۣҲûбֳκεĸ簲˯ĺӣſĻС
ӵ¶ȣźǻ
أ
һƵľ죡
䡭߽˵֡
ţҲ΢ʶʼƮԶˡ
ѵ̧ͷ䡣
ſڣȴ˵ˡ
Ҫ˵ʲô˵ʲô˵ʲôͳͳ֪ˡ
ǰͼһĨ¹Լļ䡣
׷ҪȥҪһֱȥ
ǰΪҪΪǣͿԴˡ
֣ҪΪʫˡ
Ϊɣ׷еĻöӵ뻳еʫ
ԶȥҲӵ
ˡ
Ҫʲô
Ҫ׷㡣˵
ڵܹеĴͳͳɡ׷𡱡
ǳԶĽء
۳󺣣۳ɿԵӰһƬǿյĺ۳ˡ׷𡱡
䣬Զ׷ɡ˵
仹û˵
ʶȫƮԶУоʲô壬Ȼסꡣ


ˣȴûеһʱ۾
Χֻܰʱӵ
ţŴ򿪵ỺĽŲӽߡ
ʱ˫ۡ
Ŀװ
ϵĶǴһ˿Ц⡣
ע⵽ߣװЦݸˡ
̽Ķͷ
ȷûʲôװ˵ιȥˣ𣿡
ûٿװǽת̨
ʱ𣿡
װЦݲ䣬źû㹻ȵʩ

ʲôʱˣʡ
ϰ˵ʮ֡Ӷȥ׼͡װ˵
ãлл
װüңԶҪ˵лл
װ뿪˷䣬ڴϷ
ǰļ䣬˴ǰļ䡣
һأ
ƽҲá޼۵䱦ǿ㶪Ʒ
Ҫصԭ硣
ԭ磬ܿѾ𺣡
νĹŰҲûһ¡ǩṩĵϢҲһȷ
µǸûи˾ֻһˡ
ƶļͥĸΪ˱״ˣĸɲ֪ڸģҪΪŪ
ֱ˸˾ǸʢĶӡ
αװԼõ˿ɹĹᣬþ˵ĻƭδöδΪãȻĸҽԺڣΪһӶֻܱ˰ڲĲмˡ
ϧһֻҪܹ˲ڽŵ£νֶǷ
ײļӵܵˣд¥İ졣
ŵ쵼߲ȨˣǼŵܲá
ҰӴ󣬵ϲλáԪס
ҪΪԪףΪӵѡԪ׺ѡ˵ʱΪķɡ
ԭû䣬ûװûоõȵһϵеˡ
ƪС˵ľ߰㣬Ťÿԭ
ԭžУʱͲһ׷ߣֻһ˵Ԫ״ӵߡ
Ǹ׷ʱһ翪ʼ׷׷ţֻΪ˳Ϊʫ˽ӵ
˼ڼ䣬װͽˡ
ͺܼ򵥣Ǽκţ̡
ΪСӣȻͰϡ
ĵľٶעתϡ
ԭиûװĴڣֻŮλɫ̸ڼ˵һμ١
װһ֡
Ϊ̵̧ͷһ˫רעԵκﶼʩע
û˵װ΢Цŵȴ˵㲻ͷ
ǰļѣļ仹ûлָ
ҧһΣ˵ϵϢȥʲô𣿡
ϣ˵˶ˡһԪµҸҵļ̳ˣһȨһԪ׺ѡ˵ʱ粻
˾Ϣ˸ҡװ˵ֻһ̳ˣ֪֣ʾһҪҽȥ
¼ΪȨΨһȨˣȻҪʧȨɢûп顣
ңΪûʲôǣĵطԶѡܱ
֪ЩϢײ˲֪
Ϣ䡣
˵󣬼κͱţ̼ףͽ;
ԪǱأʡ
Ԫ׸²û˵ʲôԪ׵ĶӰҪ¡͹ϢҪɽҡ
ȻҪĻһΪ׼õġ
ʵҪҵѣܼ򵥡
ù֮任·ǰĲ
վ˺Щˡ
Ĩװţɨˣڿ֮תþˣʢ˵Цϡ
δվ߽ǵĵطɫЩ԰ףû˵
˫ӵϵǿʲôͬòһ޵Цݣȴ۵͸ɭȻĶ⡣
װ˲˵ע
˺ܾûмоá
벻ῴԵزһ£Դ£һֻԱĴȮ³ªˡ
ɻҪһЩʱŻǲһ£ȵǰȵ˵һôЦЦ
ò˵׷Ҳν
ؿӿһ˫ϸ˫䣬Ц˵˵֪ô𣿡
˵˵ȥǱġ
ٲһ˭ֵģ
ָָоãһ蹷Ŷ
˳ָоá
ߴ˼ûʲôڸУһĶֵעӣ־ֿţ΢΢
װվߣΪһףҪô
Ȩ׸䡣
ֲһ˲Ļ㱡
Ҫô˾˾ӵ˵ô
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ͬȲεļ壬Ҳȫӷɡ
ɵãо䣬͸֫Ǻ䡣
Ȱҳɡ˵
ҪԼ˵ŶЦ
͹ҷ׷¶ӶɫҰ֡
Ҫ鷳ĶǿûдڵıҪ
ν鷳䣬Ǿг
ûǿԣ㾡ֶζҪõû˼
ﲢ˶ˡ
Ĭţóֻ
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û˻ǸŮϧҲû˻ںһȥ
ˣҲˡ
ǣ˶ˡ
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ӣ绰ͽͨˡ
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㡣˵
ԷͻȻĬˣֲǳĬѹ֡
Ӵݼйһá
Ǽµϲúڴеߡ
绰ҶϣװΪ׼ˮ
Цºͣȵˮɡ
ӹˮûкȡ
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Ҫκˣװ
ƣ裬ŶѣΡ
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ĬƬ̣ʹ򿪷Ž뷿䡣
ɫ԰׵͸ڴϣ˫޷С
ˣǰĴ֪ļ򣬡֪ѡ
֪Ȼۡ
䣬˫ˮۿ¡
Ҫ뿪𣿡ʳѺĵһ⡣
һûгĬ
˵Ҫ뿪
Ϊʲôأ֪ʡ
ֱͬ˿䣬ȡȥ
ˮϴۿ糺ɫ۽ͬĻһ˾Ķǵȴ޷ҡ֮˵ġ
䣬Ҫ뿪𣿡
òǹѵģȴΪֲ԰׵͸ļԳС
ǲѿѺۡĶȴÿ£·ֻҪ΢ܹصƬ˼ôѪҺȥ
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ΪʲôأΪʲôأ֪ס
ǰŮԿ϶ȴҲŮκԥɫʡ
ƿԼĶģ˵Ļɱ̹ǡ
䡭ССػһ
䣬Ҫ̫ˡ
·ص˰ǰһ죬ܾһ졣
ʹѸٴݻǣͷĿѣȴˡ
ΪʲôأΪʲôҪأ
̫ˣ̫ˣ̫ɲˡ
ѵվ߾Ѿʹ޿ײʴˣ뿪ֻΣ
ֻӰĵף־彫һֵܲ͸硣
ҪߡҪߡҪߡ
СţƴȫҪȥץס䴹ָȴ˻С
ʶɢڻԵһ̣֪ҲǱŨĺɫˡ
Ҫߡ벻Ҫ뿪㡭

Ĵˤڵ棬˼Ƭ
Ҫ뿪طȴ⳰Цš
ͻȻúȺ񡣡ŮЦ˵ýż°ͣһֻĹӸ
ֻǻŮ˵Ľżת˸򣬲ĺϡ
ⴵ˷磬ҶøO@죬ǰĴꡣ
ԴŮƺǾˣҲࡣ
Ұֵ飬ͽҰְɡ˵
Ů˵꣬ͲŸ߸Ьȥˡ
ΧЦûֹͣеĽ䣬˶ߣơ
Ҫȴǹ졣
˫ȱӵȫʧȥж
ЦԽԽԶȴصϿա
㲻ô
ͷ˵
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Ҫ˫ȴãҲ޷롣
ˣоƵǰҡ
һ˵ϸɫڹԳϸĹ⣬͸˴̹ǵĺ䡣
ܵı䣬ʶͷҪ㿪ȴͽ޹ֻܸܵһȦĽС
Ҫң
оã
Ҫң˵ҪңҼ㲻䴦ң
ţΪʹᡣ
䣡ҼҼ
ǰڣǻȡܹ
ˣɵŷڵλã뿪ȥȥĵط
˵Ҫ˵ġ
Ҫȥ䣬ҪȥҪȥ˵飬Ҫصߣصǰʱվǣ֣ͶעԼϵߡ
䡭䡭䡭
ʶɢ۳Ļ
Ȼȣ뵽ûж˵С
Ҫ䣬Ҫ
ҡ
ҲƵĲʶ֧ૡ
䡭Ҹߡ
Ҫ䣬һҪ䡭
ȿȣҡߡ
ĿѪĿӿͫ׻ɢ
Դ£˫Ŀſڣʱɻĳ֡
䡭ҡ
գ޷նӵϡ
л˵
ͳҵıӣֻôоʼǣҿһ˭
ӭ޽£˭һ
aδ
b֪



40 
ˣԼʺɫָ,˵
͹ţϵĹ塣
ڰɫӱҰŪǲԸúðݷá
աϢҵű,о߽
ĬϵİɫմȾǵĺɫѪ,ֻҡ
ԭɫұɫȾ,ĶѪµ,˵ϡ
һ·߹,һ·
¶ԵӶɫ,ϽԶ,ҪվŻ
оõĿ,ԽˣڽĶδ
ԸооõߣֱҲ
־Ϯͷ,δֻܷԼҪ뿪ĳ嶯
Լ,Ҫģûдоõµߡ
ΪԵʱ׹¥Σ˵ΪǨŭԼװҲҪȾѪ
׺,δ侲,ʼ˼֮顣
Ԫµֻ߹ԪˣΪٵʱҲ,ôһԪ׺ѡ˾ͲǾǼǰǰѡĹ˼ңкܶǰûʸļμӾѡ
,Ȼ
ֻȻܼҵĶŮ,ȴûȫΪȨ,ȻҪ˵ķ֡
뵽δ۵΢΢¡
뵽
ˣôץסֱڿոأ㲻һ⣬һʳҲõġ
ûν߳ģΪʲôԷ¡
ʱ̴ӴϢڵˡ
ļ˶û˼ȥӭӣ湦򶼲Ը
Ƕδںһ󣬾̨ȥ
̴ӣδ̨
˾޴ֱ˲ţˡ
һԪ׵ĶӰɣһ־ꡣ
񣡡೯δִкֻǻûǰֱƽˤڶδǰ
ѽʹʹг
ˤڵأޱ飬ȫûҪæ˼
ȻѾϰ˴ҵۡ
Ӧ˵ûеõǵĺɫ
Ϊ̫ͻأˣͻأȫռÿһ档
һӲ֪ĸ߳ǣÿһ·˺һ⣬ȻԼĶǿ׳ԼȻ˺¸⡣
û˻ϲǣ֪һͷǵĵֺ󣬸
ǹȻǺѣӵЦ
δǿһܵЦݣɣɸ¡
ûʲôɫżɽ˵أ
δָԾһ𣬡Ѿоôˡ
֪𣿡ʡ
δͷ֪ģĬ¡
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ǰһ˶δ˵˾һĹϵɡ
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˼㲻Ϊ˾ܿɣ~
βֿɰ³ĻȴǶߵĶƶδࡣ
㸶˾ˣҲûû취㿴Ϊ㰡һֻڽﹶ͵ųŶ~
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δ԰ɫͷĬ
˵ʲôܲʱز˵
˰Цݣ䵭˵Ҫ˵
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ŵģӰ·ȴҪϥһӵĽǶΪҲ½ϣûκεԽ
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Ѿˣʲô飬ԸҡһΪ׼һҪĶ
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ҡͷԤкܿҪ뿪ˡ죬죬һںҲһº󡣡

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·𾭹һǻҵıǩڻָԭͶ͸һ˿졣
ͷ俴Լı顣
֣֣ĳ
ָĦżȵѪҺĴǼ뿪ʩᡣ
أģһϵĴ
һ㶣ûֹ
˳ЦݱϵΪʲôҲ޷ܡȻˣ뿪ǰᣬһбź
ܵʩᣬʧȥ˿Ϊ֧ŵĻ룬òȥȶʵ
Ҫ뿪ˣҪȥ»صԼĵطֻܱ¡
ǣҪ뿪ҲĽ
ҸҸӽ
䣬ҺҸԼ˼롣
װĴ̧ͷʹൽҸݡ
ģһΪ׼ҪһСһõЦݡЦݣһṧ˳
Ϊū͵ǫԼҪ뿪Ǿ뿪ɡõĻᷢʲô谭飬ҶΪ㴦õġ
˳ӽһУҪʲôԼо㹻ˡ
ѾҸˣֻҪΪ׼ҪһУѾҸˡ
ʶװڵ״̬Щԣỽһװ
װͷţ
ֱ˴ǰģ
ؿһۣ̾˿лл⡣
װʧʱĵһ۾ʶĲԾˣֻû˵ĬĬĽܰˡ
ˣҪҪطһ£װ˵黹кܶҪĺҲҪˡҪȥѺ鰲źá
ֻõͷ֪ˣȥɡ
ɿ֣ӵվ;ˤҪ估ʱסܻԴŵء
װչ˺ü֪뿪ˣֻװڷڡ
վڴߣЦȫʧĮ䡣
߾Ӹʩʼձ۾ļ֪˵ˣ֪
ϵ껺˫̴۽ǻ䣬ڽ˷˿
ΪʲôҪ뿪أʵҪ͸ĸֽˮ뿪䡣
װҪ뿪ȻҪΪ׼һС
֪ɴ˫װԸ뿪𣿡
ΪʲôΪʲôҪ뿪
ʹడֻվԭؿ͸оʹˣο뿪
֪Ȼקסװ䣬װߣԲߣ
װҪ취Բߣ
װԼӡ
Σʡ
֪ڴŴǱ˿ڷȡԼȥ֡
ڴϣˮϴʪ죬γһˮɫĵ㣬ֽһƬȾеĵڻһ顣
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪Ҫô˵ˮʪӡ
ҪһҪ
Ȼлһ£ˣġ
кأһʱ뿪ĺأʲôĶãֻҪŲǿġ֪ϲ˵ţ沿ֳ˲̬ĺɫ
˵˵ţ֪ϲʧˣȡ֮
ԣԣûãûã
ʲôҲסʲôҲû취ֹ뿪
˭ֹˣȴҪ
ֲ԰׵ҡҡ׹Ъ˹ҪԼеȥ
ͻȻע⵽˴⡣
ɫڴϣӳŵӰɳɳҶ
һ⣬Ҳġ˵⣬ȴõ˺ľܾ
ȻʲôȻʹȥٴ˵ǿѵĹϵദȥ
ˣʲôأֻһˡ
ϴһֻҪһ뿪Լͻһɣ
뵽˰취ļ֪ϲҪȥѰ䣬ͱװˡ
ֽſڣҪȥ䣡ֻҪһ뿪Ҿͻͻˣ
ûбҪװ˵
ɫ䵭ûκε
Լ֪˵ûбҪȥ䣬ҲΪ¡
֪ţװҪʲô
һ룬֪ˡ
˷䣬ֿһ쳣ʵЦݣ֪õ𣿡
ע⵽ֵ֪ͷôˣ
֪ͫȻԾˡ
ȻûǵԼҽԺʱͻȻϢװûи߹֪ҲԼǱ˭ɱˡ
֪ܿƺ
һ㶣ңΪʲô
һʺţϵãʧˣȡ֮ǳŪЦ⡣
֪ء˵
һһż֪ķȥеӰȡİŪһ£ȻΪһѾɵ/ǹ
ϴûгɹɱءЦһβˡ
װÿһλãеǹ˵Ҫֳ̫Ķ仹
΢΢ۣе鷳ء
ô˵ǽǹָԭΪӰģ
һװӰһ˵ǸϲϴΪ˲ҾӰװ
㿴һֱûŶЦ
ڣվ˴ߡ
֪Ҫ뿪ȴ΢Цקסͷ󳶡
𣿲ԣΪɱ㡣
鷳ģԡ
֪ʹµڴϣֱѹŶá
ſңҪȥ䣡
Цݲ䣬Ťͷװ˵ʲôȽϺأ
װشԼҵ˴𰸣ȻǺϴһģһ
Ųŵĸ裬һͷڼֵ֪ıѹϡ
ķģоģһελú׼ȷڰο˵
ͷѹסҪϢȴζ޷ѡ
岻ʱֻܳΪ׸ĸ
ߺ~ߺߺ~غŸ裬ֵĸʴӺĳ˲ͷϣڳƺ
װٴ˺һĿԽⷬ棬˴
⣬ãӲӵ˷䡣
֪׼뿪װͲü֪ȥ
Ǽ֪кܶˣҪɨĶ
Ƕ뿪ģһΪ뿪谭
ΪʲôֶΣװԸ
װ뷨䵱Ȼ뷨
˵װūͣôΪġˡ
תĺģ꣬ϵΨһ塣
ҪΨһı׼
׼ĺ䱾ʧ
ʱˣ㿴Ŵװ˵ţתҪſߡ
ͷЦݲãʲôʱҲɱأ
װŤͷĮûʸҡ
װǳ㺬Ʋ죬ðɣ֪ˡ
ͷµ𽥱С˫ֱۣͬѰϣ
ȻŬ޷
޼ԲָΪ˴ԵֱۣץµĺɫѪ˺硣
ȥɣһ~Ц
һĴߴ٣˫£ڱϡ
ͬʱЦݲõͻȻ任ɫã
֪ͣã
л˵
֪뿪װҲᱧСҵһжģҪ뿪Ϊɨֹ뿪ϰ͵ʹң̫Ҹˡ뷨뿪Ҳ˿ԹΪģȻʲôȫȫ
װһΪģûԼ̶ԸΣϵߵһ֣Ϊ˵֪ûУֳܶϵı仯Żῴһ



41 
֪
֪
֪
ͷÿ,껹һ
಻òʵһɱԼѡѲ
һ˲䣬˺ܶࡣ
ĴԱ߰㣬еζϻһĲ,ǲ塣
ΪʲôҪôأʵ
ѯ,ѯΪʲôҪɱǵѡ
ΪһλʹǰһòκεĻӦ,ȴһԼ
ȻΪ䡣
䣿סˣΪʲô
ƺʲô˼,ӿһЦ,ڳЦ֪
˵㲻ǵˡ
಻ʲô˼,ѵʲô𣿡
㵱Ȼˡ˵,ԲŻҵĴڡ
꿿ڴߣֱ֧Լ,ãա
һֱħظĳЩ
Ϊˡ䣿
Ҫ
Ϊ䡭Ŵڵġ
ʱ˿̣Ϣڡ
ɸ̴ϢſڣͿװ
Էޱ,,ĮκεĲӵ¶ȵˡ
ɶװûʲôøУȻɫ
жŸԵ˼,Ϣҡ
ʱֻʣ¶ʮӡ
ɸ,þòЦźͰɴк۵ǺεɭȻҰġ
Ȼ,Ԫɱ߹Ԫʧȥ֧ţ¿ԳŵԪ׾ѡ,Ҳһڲܿա
ο,Ѿ
ı湦,ȫмڳʲô΢Ц
ͷ­ݡԸǶ˵һ仰
װɨһȦϢңվڽ仹ûлȾѪоãüʣδأ
оûлػ
ʼձֳĬ·ֹܹӰΪһ壬˭עⲻ˭֪ʲô˭Ҳںʲô
һֻСﰡ˵ȥأԼʺɫָչʾǰָ׵ļڵƹ·⣬ܺõ뿪ȥһָʽ
ôŪʡ
װ΢΢ͷĬˡ
ɻ󣬡ѽڴԶ𣿡
˵ţЦѵϴһҪ㶪𣿱Ͼһֱء
εĳɵƬٰװļȴֺĶҡ
ĿͶоãȥҶδ񡣡
򵥵һ仰оñˡ
վӰ˶˶Ļڱ˷Ťɬĳ֣һһ뿪Ӱ
Ŀζδ֪ĵطһ
о뿪ϢңüԼ˼
û˵վ뿪Ϣҡ
·װˣͷһۣ˴ʼû¶ʲôмЦЦ뿪ˡ
Ϣֻʣˡ
üͷŤͷװ
ɲԼװʲô˵Ļװʲô˵
лͿ˵ɲͷ
װ˹ӿڴó
׵زôа׵ָһ˿һŹκϸڡʲôʽׯضΪҪеʽ׼
šüװȻеһļ¡
װʲô
ֺصؽջؿڴ
ĶС·ʲô䱦
һ顣װ˵һҪΪԽԽá
Ϊʲô飿ɵȻɴʲôװи˵Ը񡣡
װ΢΢סˡ
ϳһ˿ĵЦݣǰ伸Լ齻ˣʲô鶼ԼҲԸི
ңΪΪǣ㱻𣿡
ļݵ˺ңԶʱϡܹ˫ɫ¶ŭ
ǰһͱˡǼʱ֣صĻᶼûС
ȫûԼô
ӳпʼվ߾Ȼ顣е˼ΪΧ䣬֮ĹעԸʩᡣ
뿪֮ʲôӣװҲûȥ˼ģҲת
δᷢʲô¾ҪΪһе׼
㾿ʲô
Ҫ뿪
ϢͻȻһļž
ʲôɺûһһ顣
װɣҪ뿪ͨķʽ
ɲŵɴ˫Ŀȥ𣿡
ȥ뿪װ˰ɡ
ѾϾװʲôϷˡ
תҪ뿪ȥϢҵѾرˡ
ʶʲôװôң
ûʲôҲҵģֻΪҪѡװش˵
Ͱһ֮ûжġ
ҪΪһ׼ĵȻеġ
Ѿ˴סˡװ˵ʮ֮ᱻٴδ򿪡
ٺԪȻҶʲôҲ뵽䣬뿪֮ǰҪǻŵ䡣
οԪԪˣһѡֻʣʱ䣬ǲҪǡ
ָŴţʮ֮Ż򿪣ֻһˣǾͻ֮ǰɱ㡣ֻңô֮ɱҡ
ͣһ룬˵˶ˣôһε齫ΪԪ֮Ȩ˶š
ôأ
װ£ɺ޵ҧгݡ
ԭ¿ɰݱ̹ǵĺʸװϣͼ̻
װûʱô׼Ц˵
˵ʲôˣҲΪƭʮ֮ѡֻҪ뿪䣬Ǹϵ
óǹǹڶ׼װڴ֮ǰҪȰ㴦
װɫȻô

ڷŵ
ţվſɫ԰׵Ķδ
䣬ֻˡ˵
Щɻ󣬵˷䡣
ôˣʡ
δнţָͣڷݽ췢顣
ңǸġδһɬЦݣΪʵΣҪ㡣
΢˼˶δҪʲô
ҪΪʱǸ
ʱԼȥģҲҪΪ˵Ǹ
ûпọ̈̄ʱʱѾȥˣδƺҪȥס
ֱ䣬鲢Ǳ򵥵ġ
ʱһˣ׷Խ磬Ҳ׷ȥ
Ȼ׷䡣
һ㣬ʱͲܻ
Ϊ仹ţͲҪ׷ܹվߵĻᡣŤ֪ĳЩϢ
пܵǣʱȥ֮ǰʲô
õǸĲӦңʱԶδ˵
ȥδ
Դӽ˹ϸڴһ𣬾ܹԤıġ
δ˶ָУΪ־ڲ
ǣǵģ˵ĶԣҸȥʱǸǿԼ侲ڳƽʱı˵
αװٽ飬·ڵȴʲô顣
ʵϣȵˡ
ڷŮ̧ͷɫֱαװ˲ơ
ǶδеļУܹ͸еϵıǩʵ
δ񣬸˾һĹϵ𣿡
δһЦȫʧӵزӡ
䲻ӱܵĻᣬң𣿡
δǱصͷˣңҡ
Ǹ˾жǰȵ飬ҲĲ롣
ĵ׶رֱ׵˵ǲа±ɹ
δܿƿ־ţõָͼѹԵĵӡ
δ񡣡
ŮվһƵľ룬קס죬ǿԼߡ
δΪʲôҪô
ƽƽ·̸۵ĲѰճ
Ȼδоˣ˫ɫŭ
Ϊ򡭡
δʱѾ档
ӣϵıעš
ڸܵ౻ҸͬʱΪֶϱ־ʴǡ
ѯʣܵЦݣЦΪ־ҸĽ֯Ť
ΪΪҰ
أ
ӵĲѿڶõȻֹԶսᡣ
ЦϣѪӿӿ͸ᣬ˳°͵ϣȾϰ߲ĺߡ
еŤͷӵԴ
ӡиߴĬоǹĿ
ƺΪעӣоõһ
ǹջأȻóһһߡ
ʧȥϢ걻оôа룬Ȼȥĳһڵϡ
ܱǸŵˡǸζ˵
۵УȻϸմȾĺɫѪա
ֻȵѪеԲȥһ󣬳˼Ƭ̣ͷ
ʪָ䣬ָ޷ȥѪվ⡣
˹ֵĴȴûմȾκε/·һȮֻΪԼ˵İ⣬֮ޱ뷨
ڴƺо̧ע⵽ԼմȾѪա
Ǹ˵һǸ
͸ղһѪղȥµĺۼ⣬ʪĴڼ档
ԴľѴָĿӽ⿪ţѰմȾϵѪա
Щ罦ѪȾ˺ܶطЩֱӽ˼ı棬ЩǽڳϣȻ͸һ˿Ⱦ˼
Խ£ɫѪ۱ԽԽָ࣬⿪ŦҲԽԽࡣ
ֱ½󳨿ǰĳ̶ȣȻ̧ȥ
ڷŮޱ飬ɫʲôҲûУһ۾ס
һƬ޵ı䣬ռŵ˿־塣
л˵
ҪأȻʧ
ʲôֲܴ̼ᱻٱķ⣨ٱĻ֮󣩣ȻòҪˣȻ±д̼Ķ



42 
أ
ǹ֮,ű˴ˡ
ĵشӷ߳
ʱֻȥӶѣӦû˵ġ
Ȼ̧ͷͱǹڵס˶ͷ
ӸŰ,Ц,װǸء
Ҳ,Դ뿪֮װҲûвμӹ,ʵ½Ҳġ
ɵֲԾս,ɱѵͲԪ׵ı
ô᣿Ц,ѵں֮ȨҲһ·˰ˡ
ͫȻ,װģ
ɸ£˵ʲôأ˵ɻĻ,ȷʵεĬˡ
ʱװȷʵ޷ó׼Ȩγϣ޷̫õˣûй浽˹
ҵһҵļƣҪԼ˽˹׾١
ôæû׼̫ȫ,װûаɱ,ȴаշԸ
ΪǾ޴档
ҪҰʲôĻһʼЦֻԼˡ
ǹڵŰɵĶͷ,ɿ,Цۿɼţ,һģһķء
ɶݺݵŷԺзؼһε¼лȥ
װѾˡ
ǾУͲǶôоˣ
Ȼ˰ɽʾ֭˼ż
Զӵڹ۲˵Ĵ,Ե뾡취ȥ
˼
Ӵ,Ѿ벻ʲôԴҵĶ𣿡Ц˵,ٶ˼һϾֻһٹþҪȨˡ
궢˷򣬳ص񼸺ѹ塣
˵ɱңǣȥ
Цһ˲ţ
ɵתƣ䷿ķ۵׵ִֶƫִԵ÷Ӱķ
ɱңȥ
˵ͻȻһЦݣʲôֶΣֻҪȥȥ
Ҫͨ뿪װ;пֹ뿪ȥ
ɲ֪Ϊʲô뷨Բ鷢
ηֻڶԴִ£ʹʻմȾ
˵ǶǷӡΪӣȻ᲻ֶεõԼҪһС
뿪Ҫһֱȥÿһ룬ĺۼ
ۣ
̲סЦĺ˼
Цɣɡ
ܣȻܣӦˡ
ǹƽһЩĶͷӡϺۣ״ɡ
أ
ڻ/ҩ£ȥ˵档
ǹδкʰá
ǹתķȥ
ܼ򵥣˻ȥͬ򵥡
·ߵһ룬ת˸䣬кҼǵǸҲŰɹˣȥ
뿪ǰȥѰ࣬ڴ䷿ſڡ
ֻǲվſڣĻµüͷ
С㣬һղ㵹ǹʹ졣൱˾׻
ֻڵ壬µŮվڷģһѴѪǹ
˼ҵ˫ͬվڷھµΪմȾѪԵù
վĵĺڷŮ̧ͷײϡ
ɵãȻǱʲôݺݵײһǻȻӷ϶©ʺѪ
ȫܿ¶ЦݣһϲŤٵЦݡ
䣬˼ֲð˵Ҫȥ
ҲǣˣҪǾǱ
Цǹڵϣʳָ鹴ţҡҡλΡ
ޱ飬Ƕ˵һֵûС
ʹϯԣͬĵֱ̫ѨȻ󽫴еĶ
ҵʹθ鴤ָʼΣǹָûбϿƽȡ
һĻĻĻԺз·׿жѪسȻǰһ顣
ˣڽмˡ
ʶʼһ𣬾ʶԼĸ롣
ߵȼޣȴΧ֮ġճ΢СĻݼ¼ȴΪ¶ֵˡ
ǽʼڸˣҲˡʩᡱš
Χһжǻĵֵġ翴ǸεӰֻġ
еģһֱС
ûҪͨ⽫Լ뷨ˡ
ôŬصǾ޴ʯļѹƣ˼붼ֻĹУҲƶ
֪Լʧĵһ죬ǰĿʲôˡ
Ҫ߰ɣԺرա뿪뿪硣
ڴðɺװ
ʼûдȥ
ʧˣʧڼʶԼʱ
һܺúܺõѣԴеһƬССҶҲᱻ¼ɲǵ
ʱ˵ԼǲˣȻ׷ϴӳͯ׷Ϊߵ롣
ʱѾ뿪ˣôأ
佫ǹڶ׼Լ̫Ѩ뵽ֻࡣ
ô죿˵Ǻ˵飬Ϊеˡ
ԣҪ뿪ˣô죿
ĵİɡ
£ԥˡ
㣬Ŷͬò˫ޱ飬µǿǱż
ϱĿоãһƻĽɣ
һǰɡ֪νҰ֣ղŶԽ˶ĵ顣ѾɱˣƫġҸ͵
ǵĿٴξ۽ϣ׼ȷ˵Ǳ̫ѨߵǹοǵģҲҪǵͬС?
ԶǵĽ㣬Բ
˫ӵĻｫʵ
Ŀ𽥾۽ڽǰѪȾķ俴ˡ
ˣղ˫ӽ뷿󣬾Ͱоɱˡ
ʱΪδĵļһӿԣԸǵԼܵʲô
ĲҪ˵ôЦ֮һֱû˵ڿˡ
䰺°ͣС㣬Ҫôżﻹһء
ѹ࣡
һ㶣΢ţȴ֪˵Щʲô
С㣡æ
ЦݻЩڸղţɸ°һҪ飬ǾϣСܹһֱȥ
ΪǶôѵ顣ǹڶ׼ĺףڿʼСΣ
ͬסˣԴ֪ʲô
ɫʼ԰ףŭǻ
ˣҲһ𣿡ʡ
Ȼͷ
󶨣ʵ϶Ƿ˵㡣
˫ӶݺݵŷʵǶһĲ
Ķ⳯ȥӵĶ⡣
򴽡
ı飬Ҳ뷨
ǹԶ̫ѨЦҲ
ͻȻЦݽӲϡ
һѾɵǹסؿڣ򿴹ȥȻ࣡
Ƿ׷ͳǹ׼ࡣ
Ҳʶņ̀ԭλϡ
ǰЦݲÿʵ̧뱯ʹǰ
ҲٴγΪС׸Է˵
һ޿ɾҩСĵʱһϺȵķ࿴䡣
΢ЦҲɬܱǸ䣬Сʱ㱻˷ӹߣܵĹؼʱҾȻˣֻĺȡ
ʼߵңҪҡǸʱҪܰﵽͺˣҾһʲô˵ķ
սǹ
˼
ͬס
ͫ
ӵţһ
ͬʱͬʱӵ͸
˫̱˺ѷεļУ㣡
أ
˫ܵӵ뿪ǹڵ˱ƽԼĴԡ
һҪ뿪۽ΣҲҪ뿪
л˵
ⱾС˵ڷ⣨̫̼ûţ
wb@ͺܰ
д˷⼸һֱæʵϰ

PƼС˵P
Դ磬ȨУȨϵɾ

