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İ
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ӽǡ
£ҼƺҰѼ׷ıɽܼ໯˴ˮϴ裬··ˡ
ϢơԲܣǻֻʺ̸ʺ̸顣
ԭΪԵԶŮɺ˾ƵĽԵҧҧӣ߻ϧ
ãʧҼһʳծ
ưɹ챻ԵײҼһң˾ǴִһŮ˻ؼ𣿡
ԵЦΣһ˯˲ܵġ
ҼƲѰѽԵѹɳϺֺ塣
µǱָסܿҪã̸飬ֻһҹ飿
ӽǡ
ʮ꣬ҼýԵʶԼҲ顣һʾҼΪΪ
ֱżȻҼҷ˴ɩ֤գٽֶŮҼ֣׵һҹҼΪʲôҪܡ
ΪҼͷȫҸ
֤հҼǰǡİ
컹ûճԺҼٴסҽԺֻΣû˽ԵӰ
糡
ʱԵһ¼Ҽ߷ѵʳгз˼ҹ˹񣬻庢ӺˣЩ㻹ôң
λأͺñһۣţǳʺš
ʺϣ޹ء鰮
ȥʽԵǡϲˣǡҪˣԵԥˡ
һ֮£Ҽ̸
վһ·۸ĽԵʧ̬סֵˡ
ݱǩ  Ե ֮ ҵ羫Ӣ ɽ 
ؼʣǣҼԵ  ǣ  
һ仰飺׷λɽ
⣺ϧǰˡ


1 
ȥؼĺʣ޼Ҽ¶ȣȴһܵʱＱתֱ¡
ȥ£˼Ǵů
Ϊʱ꣬ԼӭĻŭŵĴ죬ãﲻ֪ǿͣһ̰
ǰ˹ƻھƺ/˳/Σ/αá޺ۡ
ôܵʲôûأ
ԵûҲ겻һˡ
һܣ
ȴݼٺһϰ͵֪/ε˱ɫ˾ƾ֣ԾΪ֮
·룬Եþְ˶꣬ӦַֻСcase֪ԵӦˡ
ֻΪԵ˵岻ãﳤڱеҩԲ˽Եģ
ϧ
Ҽʹҩ£ǰֳԽԵȵĹˡ
Ȼһҹ/ѾҪ̸ͷڹ˽ñӻǵñӣʡ˿࣬ԵʱֻẦ˺
ⶫ˺ɴСʾͲãǺȾƶɵ˺ѩϼ˪ˡ
뿴һǿƵĽԵһڲϣֱ룬Ѫɫȫޡ
УǸ棬Ҽ۵Ľ
ҼԵ˼·źŶ롣
ĿС30ƽףмһŴԲΧպӣûҼλá
ǽ߰ڷжӡ
ſڵˣǡҼʶġԵ
һǼ׷ܼ࣬һϰ塣
ʱ˿̣̽ڽԵ˵ʲôִڽԵαϡҼĽǶȿȥ˵ͷ಻ʮס
˻Ȼ򲻽۹У̹ȻȥԵ֮վܡܡ
ͷȻҼ֮͡е㲻ôˣ
ܣҽԭ͸ԼҼԵֳĲã̩Ȼĵ¸ȵĲ߻Ƚż
üͷɡ
ˣܵ뿪ɣ
ɫһ䣬΢Сáһ£λǧüŵĶ³ˣλǧüܲܣλҵѣ̷ܺܡ
˵Ҽļ磬Сأ˾ΪĲ߻ܣҼСܳԿ࣬иɾתĿ죬ǰÿ궼İҲõ˿ͻһϿɣǰǧĿҪڸ𡣡
ΪҵĶҵǰҽСվͺáҼȫİˣǸһѣ;룬ʧˣϣûƻҵˣһȸΪ
ҼվߣػذһּơõıӣԵһ
ҼݣԵδ˵һ仰
ֻҼһζӵʱ򣬽Ե˳֣ͷĲ
ûȾͷûǵĳȣȾƵĶv¹ϸļ֡
һ뵽Ũܷ˿˳ָУ뵽ǰ׾˳ָùԼÿһԵص֣ԾսЩҲ
Уһʱ侹֪Լһǰ󷽻ظǾ䡰ءĶһҹƵνǶԼʶ˲ҳͽ䡣
ԭΪҹ˯֮ҼĵһʱҪҪһ
ȴ룬¼ĺȫԤС
ֻǱҼѣȥ˸衣ٻݣϵ˾ͲӰֻδϢ
Բ𣬽ܣǻֻʺ̸ʺ̸顣㲻ٿңҿ˳ǧĿ˵
ǻǽԵһγڸϱ˾ܾ˷񶨵ζ
ͷһ£Ҳһ
죬Ҳȫ¡
Ҽɫ΢죬ΪȾΪ˽ԵĿںζ
һǰŵңٰ־ǹԵĴﴽϤζˡ
û˴ӾͺáƼԼпںۼŶ˵ġ
΢΢ǸǸܣ鼱ıӣ£øµġķԱ
һܣҼ˺ܶٴκͽԵʱĳȴûһǸ¶ԵϺŵġ
ݶǻƵģߵĵƵƹ֪ǲۻߴҼֽԵͷɫƺ֮ǰĽɫ̫һˡ
ˡ
յĽԵûĴ˳ɢļͷ䳤¶׵Сۣİɫ֯ȹĳˣɢڸװ޶ص»ԡ
ŮˣǽԶߵŮ
ҽ봥ȴŪˣòΥ⣬źԶ
ΪڸϽ̹һ仰ʹʹ룬Żеĵڶʵ
һζʹĺ֢ûٶ˭ġ
ాô꣬ò׶ԽԵˣˣȴַֽԵǸʹ֮õ˹ϵ
ⲻǡЦô

ܣӰӰɣҼ֪ΪƫҪΪƤҲǸģҾ͸ͽ죬ķ
ɣú̡æżвˣͷҲתӦ
װһģҼ֪ʵͷ£û֮ġ
˰ӰŽԵӶտҲҼºͿʼԼĿвˣŰѻشõĲ˷ŵԵǰոȾܶٻǳһЩ
Եʼδһԣ˵һһ޶áҼΪһ֭뿪λ
űмѰ˹
ҼæЩʣȥܡԵɫǷѣ˵Ҳæ˳ȥ
һǰһϴּ䣬ҼʽԵǲﲻ߾˫ֳϴ̨ϣҪŻµӡ
ԵҼǰĸĺ󱳡
עִ硣
ԵǳıɽˣҲǳĲ顢ȺǳıʦЩȥ׳ʶúҼˡ
ǵĵһҲһƵķϡ
ʱĽԵȫ䡱չֵ쾡¡뿿һҪðűķա
Ҳûë˼Ǽ׷
Ҽεջִ֣ڽԵߵһȡĵĻҲûʸ˵ˡ
Ͼõعһҹ󣬲𻹷ŮŻᷢϢˣԼ
ҼʱԵȻתɷ˵קһ䡣
ҼֵŽԵһֱۣ˰׼
С˵ﲻôд𣿳ͷ˯Ů͸һӡ
ԵȷʵҲϣûӵ󡣵Ԥ׵أҼΪ˽Եĳ
ɱȴǧٱ
ʶ񣬽ԵδԼܵľٶջ/ҲͷβԼƿؽࡣ
Ե࡭µץչɵѹ۰ˡ
ҼսȭͷʹŮ˵ķйƬ̺ʪȵĺĶ࣬͡
Ů˿겻ĮȻ飬·һ/ٶѹˡ
¹̶ҼԴ֣Ե̧֣űԼҧĶһ䣺ܣޣúù
˵˳ȥ߸ЬнԶ
Ҽ³һֵһ
ҧĶȷͣе㷢
߶һС룬ϸһöɫĶԵ۲
ǳеģǺ쳤ģش˵ġ
Ͳú˼룬ΪԵҲǿˡ
СɫϵĲࡣ
Ҽ̵ϴ̨ǰʪס併¡
Եڱ
ԼҹرӰֻǱԼҹǿӰ
Ҫˡ
ΪʲôӶĻΪʲôԼô죿
߷ߵԵʲôɽǷڵĻɽﵽⶼ̵úܣ̵һͷԽȥǻȵҽ֮Уڻ̡


2 
ҼͽԵ뿪֮ʣƵȥڵĲ̡
ǧõ˹ȥҲ̣ףⵥҵǸˡøЩҲܰǿͷ󻼡
¶ãܵúϹذɣ뿴֮䣬ҿɲԼҺҵ
ǻɲ˵İԼ˼ɫġ
۲ŲǱߵΣأʵ㴴ᣬҪôգͲҵˡ
˷˶ʲô̬ȣɫĺɫɲһ£Եĺ̨಻࣬ӲӲ
ǵĽӴָ˷ýùϵϾԵòǶ˶װףýΪŮˣﶼи񡣡
صͷ̵һڣ̧һҼصֽ˸˹
Сգһ¡
Ҽ̧˳˳ͷȷ䱻ס£
ڱԵõһ/ȣϴּѾװˣڸ첲ϣʱֻ˼ɫv쳤t
˷˺ܶ뿴Ĳ߻ܵǰ㣬Ҳȥɵñ֤һʧǿյ֪ʱҪǷû׼ã㻹һϺһʱŻƣҵ˼𣿡
ݷҼݼǰ׼ˡ
ʱҲ֤ˣʹϢҲӰ췽Ľȡ
ǧųƳеر꼶ĵزĿǧü״ϷŰͼҪսԣش
ԵίΣɼǧüŵܶǶôΡ
ҼɽԵĹҲᵣڼڲгԿ
˾֪мšǧãҼڵĿչ湫˾֮ܿܿв۵һĴڡ
ףӵġҼ֪ʶȤ뿪֡
ҼûʲôжʾֵȥĿˣ
ǡ
ȫϰߣӦЯ᰸ɣҿȡֻһ塣
á
ڹҼӲиڹҲӲи
Ϊʲô֪Ǹ粻ôãδɫԣ˾Աɫֲֵǰ£ҼȴԸڿıµҪԭ
ȴֻϣҼ㿪ļֻݸ
ͷβ¹һ飬ҲͲʮʱ俴꣬Ӳ˰СʱݻֻҼʱ˵͵ʾ
мǵ΢ĽĽ
Ҽ߶߶ֻڽЩ䲻ʵĵ㣬׼϶̬ܷģһӰӵĵطָʾٽȫ޸ĺ͵
УæȻȥǰҹڳЩʱ㾫ȫķˡ
ҼصλŷֽԵֳŶͷֻһƵıӡ
˸ɫƱԵıӣǹ˷ӴѵǵĽܽôӣһҸˣ⡣
Ե̧һ״ָˡ
ӣˡ˵䣬Եһͷ˿ûҼӦʱ䡣
СգŸܶˣҲһ
ҼݵԼһę́ƣȻСƱӸղŵڣ˵߰˱ˡ
ҪǶоԼѵģӶҪʼſˡ
컯֮£ʵ̫ʲôΥǽԵǰġһﻢ¡
ǽԵҼôҶģôҰڻ֮ѣ
ԽԽԸ
ҼӹƿЦΪܸø˳ؿչҾʧȥϷˡ˳㣬ҵ˷ʾһ£ķǳǳҪܵİæ˷ܲܰѽܵʱһЩԷپл˷ˡ
ԵߵˣΪ˴ߣһ׾ƺˬ¶ǣ˵Ǽٵġ
պе⣬˷˿ڲ裬ͷȥɡ
Ҽλ˷ϴüĿۺб¶ȴóۡ˷˲룬ҲǴ֮ˡ
õɺҼЦԵܣ鷳ˡ
Եû𻰣ֻͷ
˿־ѣԼĶ߳һ̤ţҼͷǽϣθ﷭ڵ
ԵĮؿûаҪһѵ˼
ԼĪһӣҼվֱ壬ԵЦЦ𣿳⼸㣿ҵڸ
ԵûҪ˼ת˵ݣ˸㡣
񳵵ǧýǹġ

⣬ضʱ쿴ſ˹Ҽ㣬ܣڳˣ
Ҽһûߣ
ԭԵԼһͬȥǧĿӪ̸ǰˣ·ߵĿ˿һСʱҲûӰ
Ե¹ӣ㲻ԼҲнڵظ֪ˬԼΪǣȴʼû绰ѯʻߴٽԵ
ڽԵҲЭĹֻ˵ǽʱ³鲻㶭³ķȥˡ
ԵǧĿܼ࣬³Ŀ죬ҲӦ
ֱæǧù˾֪Եȥƾˡ
һ뵽ͬеЩĻ̥ˣסϵϽԵ󣬽ԵԽĳϲʺϴΪɣ°ؼϢ
֮£Ҽ˾ƾڵأҼԼҲǽԵĴӦ˵ȥ
ĽŵȵȿֻһӰ
ԼĶλǸܵơ
ҼҲ㡣
Ͼǰǵһμķϣ͸ƴơ˶ƴȥ䣬以ЦӴ˽Ϊ˾ϵͬսѡ
ΪҷҼľǺܸߵġ
˵ֻǸСҲǼ׷ү
˳ֵ¶ܰպָҪڽԵǰԼ̽顢˵˵ûء
Եˡ
췴˼˵ﻰⱾְΧڵĹ˾ƣҿԿѽ
ã㿪ͽܻȥҽ˴ݡ
Ҽ׼ֵ䲻Եðһ䣺û
ûԼ˳⣬Ҽеˡ
˿Եٿ˿죬ֿ˿ûֻݻҪҪˣ
һ۾Ϳ˶˲پƣ飺ܣҼ㣬ɡͽܻؼңҼؼңҴ򳵻ؼңǿ𣿡
ԵÿɷҼֻ˾УǾ鷳ˡ
ҼѳԿø죬Ե˵֮ʾ;Դ򿪳˺
򿪺ŽȥҼվڱϿ˿ݣֿ˿ûϵĺţԥ˺档
ǲ뿿ԵǲиϵķչԼûġ
Ե빼˺ˡ
ֻѡ񣬲ʼ
ϵȫ߹ĵҼ㣬ĵûͬ£˵һܵļ٣岻𣿻ǣ˵˴βٳȥѽ
˾ô΢ݼٳȥζҪҴţû
ԭɡϢ죬ģ԰ٷְٵľ״̬Ͷ뵽УܲʧҼ΢Цػش졣
ܲ˵Ϊ쵼˴ȴû취װһܰɡ
ԭЦҾðɣҼ˼άģʽĶŮǿˣѹֽܸôġ
Ҽû½ӻˡ
·ãԵ͸оͷʹѡ
ǿϵĲʣȴվڸǲʹ顣
Ҽ״ְ̽ѸλϵĿùԵڼ羱λֻۣһܣ
ҼڽԼԵ۾һ죬ϵĶҪʲôϵ̧һԴ
ȿźˣԵ˳ҼǰƫԼƣЩӽƣҼϡ
ҼһҶؽŵУһĸǿѡ
ܵıԵΪְ̧סؿڣá
ʱĶģƲҪʲô֮ڿڣȥǣ֣ȥӵ񣬲Ǽѵ£ѵģ˼ûпһ
ԵʵԶ
ԵҲû˫ͥǿԿ˷һʵʵƴȫ׷ϾС
ʵ·Ķôƽ̹
Ҳ˵ԵļͥΣǲԼܸʵϵģԵĸĸǷ֪ȡܲͬһƽƽԼ
Ե/ҹҼ͸ԼԤ룬һԵʾϲûȤ̸飬Ҳܽܡ
ֻ͸δˣһҹ
ǽԵǴյĻյ꣬յķ磬Ƕյѩϣõľɫ
û뵽ȻԼΪһƬˡ
죬ǰһ͸Ҽұߣұ߾ͲֱӴԵ
õҼ㡣˴ſ˿ӾʵҼ㣬ܽ˶ѽ
һ϶ԼûãЩɫ.񿴽Եɫ.޲ôϹǵ۾
ԽԵĵҲƾ޾ݡ
ϸ£󿪹ãԵһƾϱȶ˶շθ
¶ͽԵ˭֪ԵҲš
Ҳ̫ȥ֮ǰԵ˶٣Ҽûȥ֮ٹ˽סҲû
Ⱥ̫ɶˡôѽ
˵ҵķǳǳҪܵİȻǼ쵼Ϊϼˡ
ۣҼÿᣡͽʲôţԣηǿȨ
ҲˣʣµԼרĵ㿪ȫһ
֪Ӣ۾Ĺ£
Ӣ۾
ԵĵȷȷˣԼڽԵʲôӢۣʵŮ࣡
һˮͷ£һζľ˲Ҽ˼֡
ͨԭѧΪ´ؽ·ǰ¾õΣҲĥ԰
ĵ·ϣпʹҴȥ·ǵ˭·ˣȴ޷׽


3 
ԵһסĽԭѧ·̡
·С⣬һͣԵֱˡһ·ϳӿúȣҲȣʸѾࡣ
ҼȻ෴˻ģƤӶ
תͷˣܣҼ
ȶˡ
쾪Ҽľʰ·ģܰҼȳǵǺ˶ٰ
ԼԼҼǿ־ְǰϣŬ΢Ц
ͦŤͷԺضԽԵ˵ӦûʲôˣҺúϢҾͲ³ˡ
ԵסŰ׼³첲Ϲŵ·ͱץסˣҹ´ȥ
֡
㴩ˣҾͷš
һԵչ첲׼£ҲԶֹ֣һ䡰ԡ
û³䣬ͫʽԴˡ
³Ҽ㣬ͽ¥ȻؼңһŶ
ãҼԴ˵㡣
͡
һԵ͸еҹеĺһմأŷԼĲ鸡θɶߡ
Լ屭ˣʮҼ̶ܳȱȻҲԶ
Ҽ춼ųơǧǵһμķϾͽϹˣʱơƣҼʤһ
ɢ֣Ҳڳ⣬ҪҼۼֿ죬һģǽԵˡ
ȻҼĸƻУȻԽ׳أ˫ҲĬΪʲôԼҪ治ס֮֮
˵³
˶ˣԼΪ֮һҪһ˵桰̸̸Ϊɣ

㣬˽ԵСʮˣλͷһ˽Եļš
ĺڰ׻ҲͬԵļҾӷȻǱŷɫΪ
ҼɳϣְͰŲ˹СҼ㣬ǽܵļңҰͰűˣҪ£ȥ䣬ͰɡȻһɳˣ۵Ķ۸϶СĿʡʡ
죬죬ôôɰ
ҼĲʡ£ֻҲദ崻״̬ԲԼ
ԵһסҲײˡ
Ҽ㣡Һڸ˵찴סĳһӵ֣Լȴú
ȿˮ
Ե˱ӹҼгԼ֣ллܡ
ˮʣҪҼ𣿡
⸱ӣʺһڼҡ
Ŷҡ
ǵһ⣬㲻صңЩؼҰɡĻ׼©
ǵһΣ
ڶͫ׵ˡ
õĽܣˡˮѱӷڲ輸ϣԿҲ£ҼĳԿףҷˣҴ򳵻ȥ
ߺ󣬽Եվɳ߾ؿҼ
ɳϵˣš
׸ϰ
ߣҼҲ˲̫Ե֣ߵǸҼ
ģҼ൱ֻǾȷֲŮ˸еĵطҼʤ˼ĽʵԸݵҼ
òôڵ۹۱׼ȷʵǹҼ
Ҽݸĸо覡ʤͬԭϳγ͸ĵˮ׳ƽá
Եĵ绰ˡ
ι˶ţã֪ˡ
˵绰ԵɫӡżƿͰϥɳڵ̺ϣһתͷܿҼ
Ҽӵ绰ʱѾĻɵˡ
𣿡
һŵ˲šš
ܸԭһҹԣܵһϺԵɰɣ
ҼȻ˭Ц˭ãΣȴԼǰִٲҿԼҲתǹ⡣
ڰ칫ҸҼ׼һרÿȱʱ쿪Ц˵ĻҼ»ȿȣ֪רõģ϶Ҫˡ
ۣʲô³ʻ㣬Ȼк塣
Լ⣬ۡ
ͬҲǹ˺һҼ૵¡
˵Ż򿿱Ǳߡ
ԵȴӱܵĻᣬŤתԼ
ʱŷ֣Ҽ۽ǹᡣǽյ˫ëۿɼڲ
һ˲ԥԥҪҪҼˣȥ
ԵʱգмҲѾ֪ǲ֪ȷұ֣µظ̹סΪҲҪʲô/Ҳʲô/ϷţϲŮˣӳʼֻŮ̸ҴδЭڼͥѹȥ˽ӡЩÿҪҪҪҪйļ˵ģ
ҼǳˣȻ֪ᷢʲôڸ£ȹ˽̸
һּįȺУΧƣһֻСèСͿġһּįжڻЦֻеøӼį
ĽԵǱ޷ļįͻϮˡ
ȥһ֪ưɡ
ڨڶ࣬еŮģİ᲻ȤһûͶϤܾˡ
С˼󣬷ֻյҼϢ˵¼Ȳ߻˼·ĵѷ䣬һϰٿϣܵõ޸ָ㡣
ϢҼûȤ
Ҽܿˡ
ϣƺҼؼңг嶯ĳɷ֣Ҳ̽ĳɷ֡
̽ҼģҲ̽Լġ
ĶԻǽź󣬻ûƣҼ§ǽ϶˵Ļ
˵Ǿ䡰̸ҼǾ
Ǵ̽òʧΪԼģȴûŪҼġ
Եʣңʲôأ
˭֪仰һʣ۽ǹ˱죬۾յøҲˣί
Ե벻ͨԼ˯ˣԼˣίծҲԼô˵Ǹȿˣ
壿ǲܵġ
Сʮˣû˭
֮£ԵֽҼᣬְҵͷ˳˳
ڹ˾棬ֳ϶Ҽ΢ܵչջͷһⷴչҼ
ǱԼС˺üСƽֵٵݣҲдʱ
ԵĪϸ۸СֻԼҧĶ䣬ʵڻشˣ͵ûʹҲΪ˸еǻšǾɣӴ̸̸ֻ顣
ǿŤĹϲ
϶ҼкøУҼҲȷɹŽļįڼ/ʵǿѵĵزҲ˯һ͵˸𵽵ס
ȫԼ۾ˣԼ˴Чȫspa
ҼǸпɵʱʦ
˯ɣʲôʱˣʲôʱȥϴϴ·һ䣬˯ԣҲ˯ɳ㡣
Ե֪ҼüԼ˵
Ȼ˵꣬˾ո첲˶ذԼ

ʮӣԵϴϣͼɳϵִͷԵˡ
˫ۿնضŲ輸ǰǳԿס
ôˣ
Ҽԣ̧ͷӭϽԵǺ޲Ŀͷĺӡ
˫ֳرסԴһ̫ͨ࣬ѨҲ˰ĩ˲ŰͷһһƵָ˳Ժ¶һŰ͸ס
Ͱһ޺ģİˡ
Ҳáոչ˶˵绰˵Ļ飬Ҳμӡ϶׼𣿡
ʲôҼŵһվֵɳ⣬ôСһᣬ׷Ѿܼ͹˷ˣ˶³Թʰɣ
ˡ˶ԭΪ˳·ȥغȼ٣˳ǵı档ԾڴˣиҽۣͲܰҹˡ˵Ҷ˵ˣҪҪԱ㡣
ԵߵſͣţҪԣ鷿̨áҪߣǵýдݡ
ַ˳ͿóṩҼѡ
ԽҼǣҼԽѹ
֮ⲻ̸ĻѶ㣬һҷСﻹʸڼ׷ܼҹ
˽ԵһˣһٴܷԼ˽˻صϵ
ҼӣûоѡǷվСлллܵĺ⣬˻ѾöˡȻϢɣҽе˴ݾߡ
ãעⰲȫԵûٳˣݹš


4 
ϺдݺҼָǧĿͬ·ֱϢ֪ͨǼƻб䣬˵ǰ͵˾
ûãԵ˿ŵһ˲䣬һķ·ҲŹš
ӵ˿ɹ۵ĲƸȴԡ
Ŀ飬κλﶼ޷֮ġ
ԭΪҼǸˣȴˡٴ飬ֻһף鰮뷳ǡ
߲밮ӡ
̸˵ǸԼԵˡ
ؼҺҼһ̲ιèϴ裬賿һˬˬʵĴ󴲡
ĿеľͿʼʵϰҹĵڶݹ
Լչ׸СӣֻϦèһֻڰɫĳëţèУݣһֻӢףУ
ʱУУѾ԰ռ˴̨ױ̨Ȼ˯ˡ
ǵԴ˽ȻʧµֻèҳϵѺͼˡ
һҹ˯òȡ
ܸ꣬ǧٸžҹûзźң޿־ͳһҹΣ˯ɽ˼ҹշת࣬ëӶ˫˫뿪ңһ˰̾ϡ

賿㣬컹ûҲû죬ҼͶźȦˡ
˱ȣ򿪱ʼǱ޸ĸСʱߵš
빫˾̲ʮӣһᾭرӵµ·Ρô磬Ҳû߷塣
߻³ģҼܡ
Ҽְʱ߻һλͳܵľΪͣβìܣˡ
ΪǵһηߵľҲǵһˡӷԾֱӽӹ˲߻ҼƥǧҲűʶ顱ã˽ռ䡣
ҪȻҼְøķչռ䣬ʾֻܿʵˡ
߻Ŀǰĸˣ⣬ҲֻˣһŮнˣְԴ
ܼҼģ廹ҪҿԸ뷨
лԸԮ֮֡ܺһˣ磬ԪغʾͼҲȽд⣬Ҳ𣿡ҼԾܾܣҲƲʵ
ƲҲǶ飬߻ĿƲճ
УŶӵĺϢĻҾͲȥˣϵķһȥһ£ǧǱһܼ࣬ñͻΥװװӣҲ׷ӡ
ˡʲô·ѣضǵ֮
ֶβ̫ɾҵ˼
ֶβɾ
Ҽе¡
Ľײ㣬ӴЩνĲɾֶΣҲţ붼úˡ
ܸʶ
죬Ҳͷϴɡͣ룬ڣҲ޷ϹǴѧУѣǿô㲻ǳĽ顣
ã֪ˣлܸ֪ҼЦ
꣬ﰵ٣ȴδ˵ơ
ԼǸˮĲݰһǸʵĺɫ֮ͽҼ㷲ĵİǱͼ
ɾҼ෽۲֤ʵкͱԼֳ̫ࡣ
ְûѿɽûиɽûøһ˵ȴһЩ᲻˵ζпġ
ԭǡرģñ֣ڼˡ

磬أҼСԱºΰһ׼ʱǧá
ᳵ·ҵˮ䣬Ҽˮ֮ʣӽ߳һˡ졣
Ҽ㣿
ඣҲڰҹұˮȡҼɡ
Ŷͷƹȥܰ칫ıӰɣҪ׿ˮ裿һȣ
ôˣֵֹġҼתǰίˣ
Ҽ᲻ʱҲҺܱ
ô᣿ҼŲ³ֱ֮Ļˣ϶ǽԵ˭Ǹھƽ͸Ե͵ܣ
µزҵָŽĸ߲쵼⣬Ҳһܻǳ죬ڹͬʱҲܺͬѧѧְϵļԼǡΪ˴·ץסһпѧϰĻᣬʱȥ߸õ·ǧԷƱ
ҼĹЩţллҼ㡣Ҫʼ˰ɣʱ䡣
Сʱһʱ䡣
ҼݽʣӦ˼ëһǼͷ򶼰סˣû̡
ҲǣΪǣߴŵˣܵŶ³Լ
˶˷ˡڻңԵҼȫ볡
ϲܣ˳󣬽Ե׵
˳е⡣Ҽ̾ѱʼǱԽͬеĳºΰȻع˾ѻҪصĵٽ˵ǰҰɡУ麣ϼ˵һ½쿪Ĵݣڲᣬʵ幤ƽʱڵ㣬Ҫ嵽ÿһڡ
õСս㣬һ֪ͨλºΰǸ߸ݿͦ˹ĵҼС麣ϼˡ
ûˣҼϰԵظŽԵ칫ߡ
˽춼ְҵװԵ˷ɫĸڴɫv֯ҼҲ˵βɫпɿڴɫѩĳ¡
һ֪棬һز档
һһס
һһȡ
˭˲˵һ䡰䡱
ԵĿбӣҼ΢ͷһ·϶û˵ֻ˫߸Ь˷
ҼӦ󣬻¶Ȼǰ·˸͸Ծһ£ಽ֪ͣǸø
û͵˰칫ſڡ
Եͣ½Ųͷˣ룺ܻ£
Եء⣬Ҽεýָͷץء
´ȣôôǵø˼ҽܼƨɺߡº˰ɣۡ

ֲЦˡǷǳġ
ٵƵļһ΢ЦҪſڴ𻰾ͱ˴ˡ
ܣܣǿžʱ֣ʱΪƿ˲š
Ķ֪Ͼأѽ
Ҽͷ
ԵҼ̧˽ȥ
ţ˿ĽԵֿ˿ҼزŲƺЩ죿
һʱͷԵֻʾԼ쵼ܣѾȥ4s걣ˣҾȥȡʲôҪ𣿡
ܣǷҪ̸оͽûоʹȥϢ˰š׼°༴ɡ
ԵǾ䡰ܻ¡ʾ˼֡
䵽춼ɣԼ쵼ǹˣȻԵһ˽䵭䵭дŭȴټ
Ҽǽˣ

Ϊѡ
üСʵҼ㣬㡭ǲѽ
ڵҼദʱнԵڳʱŵĿҼƽ׽ˣֻһ꣬ҲЦС
Ҽһ΢Ц伷һ֡
롣
ӭҼţһĪรܺûбķԸҾȳȥˣģ½ҡ


5 
źҼԼ˶׳׳ֱȵһ˰ǻأԵʱҪ
ɻ
ȫҸĻ룬Ե˵Ѿ۵ˡ
Եһǡ۵İɣ
ȥӪ컹˵Ҽ㣬Ҹ˽ҲˣҼĸߵⳡϵĻˣڽܰ칫ӵרˮ֤һˡ
ҼȴһɬΪϺ˵Եʰɡ
ô˵ǸӾǻûӵˡ
һ㶼ңϣǸӴûڹԵͲڶ벻еĻʧеΪˡ
һ㶼ԵΪѡ
ϣԵܿЩԼĴڻܣ쵶ննԼ
ʵͼնˣ׼þҪһȥʱԵֹ
Ҳ˼ԵôΪʲôأ
ǲ˽Ӱ쵽ĹǽԵҲû̸飿
֮ôΪϲ᲻ɡ
鿴ֻϵĹϢ󣬽Ե̧ͷżɽؾʣ˵ɣʲô¡
ҼԵ棬Ѱָȴӵ½ȥ
ְô꣬ûŮǿˣԵѪ˻Ӵĵһ
ģ̫ˣ䵽Ů˾û
ҪǼϵĽԵ񶼻ΪԵϴ/¡
Եãŵġ
ӲЩ˵ƾֻԼжϡ
Ϊʲô˶ܵס˰Ǹ򲻻˾Ͳ˰ɣǧĿԺҲ𣿡
ǡ
Ҽ⣬Եһ־ȫˡ
磬˶ѾԭͬǧĿһ¸Ե̸ˡ
ڣ֪һЩĺ

ȫպⲻҪܴ򽻵ƺϻעЩĺá
ŶҼ©дʧ䣬ǡǵĹԽӾͻ㸺İ鲻һɣ
ͷܵİɡǱɽˣôذѻˡ
ҪǰҼԴſֺã˴ŵЦͷ벻ڰ칫ҸԵ˵ʲôˡ
ĬСҼֿڣˣôˣЦһ̬ʱڲˮ俴ˡ
ڳ뷭ҶĽԵ£͵׼ûã˵˼䡣
˭ˣ
Ե̧̧Ƥ򡣡
ҲḻԲйоأŵĹɣûʲô©
֪һ쵼ԽԵҲû˵ʲôػᡰˡ
ˣƾʲôһڣҼͰˣô໰˶
ԭҲвʱ򣬲صͦԵü
ܼЦЦˡ
صͲô챩¶ˡҼ죬ҲûɸԼҲ˼
Ե˶ָֻţ˵ֹǲԵǰҪԵýԵ˿Լ
˵ǱŹ˾վӰɣ
ǧõ£޹ءܻԼ°ɡ
ڵͷȴ£ǧµƷǧԶڳ̼
ܺãܼס⼸仰Ҳȥܱġ
ġ̡ҼһθܵԼܴȻЩϵһˣѻָˡ
ͽԵ֮䣬Ҳ̸Цֻʣ´ļ׷ҷ֮ˡ
ҼʶȤҾͲŽˣȥܡ
ܻӰҲû°ʱ䡣ҼԼĿȴǸôοˣǰ̨Сڨ
ܣʲôҪæ𣿡
ûУҲСģҺͽǾҪȥˣҲûˡΪлʱչЭԸǺ衣
Ҽ˵ֱ΢ϸСתٿ飬㲻йǣǮ̸࣬/߻Ҳֻ켸ʶҪõͬԵȵ㡣ǽ֪ҵСܣ͵ҳļɡлл㰡СϽˣûµġٵҲС
Сһһ㶵ģֻϢʾ󣬵㿪ҼתˣϲʣҼָ˽գȻһˡ
Լֹʮӣ˶򸾺ܵ½·ǰ̨ߣԵҼԶȺλá
Ҽ㡣
ڰҼͷ
ҸնС˵ˡҼ棬Եм룬жֱǰӵסҼҼ㣬ллллôá
ǲҲ𣿡Ҽڵһ죬鹤°˻ؼ˾ͱ벻ĵ¡
ţ˽ͺˡƤͷصָ𣬹Ԯ²̨
ʱԵڸ˶̸£ûпˣȱȫУ͸ˡ
û¾ͺãˡǴϰ壬һͷı΢˿ɲǵȣȻùźˡ߻˵Ц
Ͼȥܣ
Ҽʶ͵һ۲Ǳߣãһ궼ûһ롣
ܼһؿϿߡ
Ҽæֵ˲ˣָڵʲôʱأǻҴݵġ
ܼȫֱͣͣסŲһŮ̬Ҽܵҵ棬ڹ˾ҵŮ§§壬øҸ˵
§§٣Ǳȣôͳˣ
ƽյദڽԵƤӵ£ǺйԽΪ
Ҫ㱨Сһ¡
ԭ򡣡
ԭ򣬡Ҽ֪ô˵
ҼΪԼŮĺһϰߣһԹ߿ĳЩΪǵΪḡ
ҾֹḡҸŮ壬ʶҵĿ
ǽԵڶζ˵ĻˡǵһεԷʱйƵĶԻ
ܣʵڸµŮ˽£ܵԼչ˲ܣӶԷﲻ죬ָоܲá
ʵϣÿŮ˶ҪչˣҡܴĽС΢Ҷá
ҲΪԵ˵ЩҼദ΢ſˣȻˡ
룬Ե֡ϺˡΪ⣬ḡ

ҼȽԵü
Ҫôң㻹ȥ˯ҼԵŮòڲԣüʱסĹĵתȥҳӡ
֮ǰ𿪳ĳҪȾƣʱؿȥ
ҼԼ˵·дݾС
ӺСЬϣʻλúҲһ
ͷһԵ
Եֱ׳ˣҵĳȥˣͷ˳·һ̡
ͨӾ໥̽Էʵ뷨ԵҼʰ·磺Ȼڽ˲ܸøұ־Ŷԡ
˵Ҳ˭ýԵ׾˵ǡյ
ҪҪ־룬ҵ¡ܿɡ
Ҽܾöû˻ˣ׶Լ̫ŮˡҧҧӴֱֻ֣һϸ衣
ǰеˡ
װ£ֻ֧棬ʱҲˡ
ҵˡ
õ廨һŮˡ
ǻ촽
Ȼβû꣬Ȼֹˡ
˵ˣʲôƸ衣Ҽصֻ뵼ҳ档
ʱԼ
ܵƷζܶءأ洫
治Ͳ
ҼûڵſڷϣҲûٸԵѿ֮졣ڽԵǶӡɺñ仵ˣ¸ôۿˡ
СĽԵδоӷǰλÿȥ
ôҼǾְҪ˽򽻵Ჶ׽ӰС
Ҽ߾裬һǵһǣѲԸͷ
ٲߣܿҪԷˡ
ǰſŵ˻һδԵֵ
áҼ壬ŵǸԲС۶ˡ
ɵҲǳ嶯ŭӣʱҲˣԵص²׻ͷ
ſڷϾϸĥԵǶλһһֵйһ飬Ȼ
˼ҽܵ־䣬ĵڵҪڱ˼ҵĹ˾˼ҵԱߵ̫׽ţһġ


6 
ϵĵһֻƽ˾ԽԵЩҼࡰչˡЩ
ҼԵ£ĵֵԼֻٷ֮ʮ
˸Է곡Ϸࡣ
Ϊⱻԣ߲ܣһ˵ſ׵Ĺٳһ߶˼һֻ۱һֻۡ
ӽʮˣ֮һǧù㣬֮һǧúλ쵼µľǻصλĸɲˣķ˿Ϸ
Թۿȫ֣ڻҵľռƣĿһ䲻⹥䲻
תսȥ¥ϻչڶֵĿյŲҼ׽ܸܹϵ΢ٳ֮ٳܸܣĿڿյǰ;кôνһ֮١
˼ˡ
ҼӦ磬ǹ˾СԱ࣬λҲǳɫʵɼңûôļӣԴЩµ˸ǲ裬չˡ
ֻҿĺԼжϡߵҼļͷ
ҺܲɣҼض㿪
һ죬ǽպǵڶμ档ͨᣬҿǷǳܵĲܡ׻˵úãǧУֲУһƥǧûҪˣһʱĿСʧǾ̫ϧ̾ˡ
һʮϧı飬ţҲ˲پƣҾƺĺܲؾ䵱棬ѡԵҲͰˡǧúͿճΪѺú󣬻ʱпܽ٣˵Һܾͬһҹ˾ˡǧĿҪܶģϣǺ졣
ͬһҹ˾£ڸն
ǧüŰǿֵǧڵй˾ܴӿһǧãǸ߾͸нʶȻҲˮǴ߰ɣ
Ҽֻ飬ԼҪ۵ǧãʤʲôλˡ
ǰŸִ˹Ů˸˵ʲôˣҼĻš
û˵ʲô䡣
ſڣסҼ˵һ̫࣬ҺҼͲǼˣȥǳһ˵ݡ
ҼĽԵվţ벽ľ룬ײ
ŵŵĹرգҼķҡ
Ҽ
ֱ̧Ҽأһѡ˼ǽϣ˫̫Ѩ
֮ǸˣԽԶԽãٽӴ㶷סҲǹŪǷΣǲ뿴ǶԿϵ
ܣ˵ֶβɾ֪ж಻ɾ֪֪ˣɰս
Ҫ˽ΪŮ˽ͽԵ˵ľСԼҲýԵǣ
ô˵ɣĿǰְ뵽ĺͲ뵽Ŷ
Ҽһסˡ
뵽ʲô
ͱݺˣǮ֣̹ᣬ̰С/顣
Щܱĳ/ţɶС

Ҽһͺ󣬾˽СʱŽ붨õһڡ
䷿ϼʮˡ
߰ʮϸͺҼˣҼͷʹǣ˶͹˷ˣͽԵڹͳ裡
ܲǵһֵط˲˲ŵĻ棬Ҽǵһμ
ĿڽԵϣԵȴ
§ڽԵϵ֣ۼˡŬ˵ԼӦ꣬ӭɼ档
Ż֣ʹɫҲҼ롣
Ҽ
ǸܣҲᡣ
ܿҼȥһþơ
ɳһŮһ˶ڳ̡һеǧõĹ㣬һһŮҲǧúλ쵼
ϵǼˣܹҲֻ֪˭ѡ
ºֻѰܵý
ܣ֧ܽ𣿡
Ҽ֣ע۾￴˲ͽ꣬Ҳûʣ̺ʹݸ
ûҼ̣ô꣬һζûС
лл
ҼлĴָ̺Уһ֧ʱ̺УҲһ֧
ҼԼȼһڣ㻹Ǳˡ
³ƮҼǰûж㿪Ǳۺ
̵֪ģֻĹۺͱˡ
ʲôʱѧ̵ģ
Ŷǰǰ˶ϵҲʱ˿ãȻ޴ҽ겻
Ϊ˰ֵ˵ܵĸоűԼ̡
ô˶ϲ̣񫣬䲻Ȼʲôڲ֮ͬɣ
Թˡ
ڹ۲䷳߶£磬˰ֻˣҲ̸ˡ
ۺҼȥѰԵӰǡýԵҲڿ
ΧܶӰȥҼֻһԵϲԵڸԵ/ǰ׵⡣
Żôܡ
Եƣܣ
Եͣܣ
Եܡ
ֹʲôã
ָ̱ϣӽ̻Ҹ
쳤ֱձӣһֶһֵݸܣ룬л⼸Ĺա
ܸӵͷ
˾ƣסҼƵֻ֣ػ㡭̫ԾΪҸո¥¸˵£еˣ
ǡҼҡͷ¶һЦݣܶˡ
ƳͽԵƶ˿ĵطԵֽڽԵϣŽʱλãŲ˺ü֣Ϳ쵽ܹˡ
Ҽ޿̣ͻֱԶѸﵹƣվ
ȻװСıǰɲɵذѾ˽ԵĺϣɫʪһƬ
ϮԵ֣ƿתʼٸߡ
Ҽ޴صǸͷԲ𣬶Բ𣬽ܣңҲǹġ
վڽԵ󣬿Ե·ˣӦʲôǳҲҼʲô
Ӵܵʪ·ܿɵúúòǡֲ´󣬲ؿҼοԼĺ¡
˶ܼ¡Ҽ̬ϹеǸʵڲ˼ɨ˴ҵˣҺȾƺȺͿˣ̫Сġ
ǹֵ̿ǸԵĳԵգʾҺͽܹΣ֪Ϊ˴ȣӦòΪôС¸ҽƽϰɣ·ˣҴĻӦҸ¥¾зװ꣬Һͽʧһ£ȥȥ𣬹˶ܣ
й˶ԽԵмӣҲһεĽԵҼżλ˶ʶǸʾҲ˹˶ûֲ⡣
Ϊ˽ԵµҲ¶
ҪǽԵֹܾܺܿѾύǳˡ
ԵϢ˵˳ǧĿֻ˳Ŀ϶ᱻ͹˾ٸʵס
ʹؿƿʲô˵أֻҪһģ˶෽ٰĻٵϸڶƴգֻԽԵ
ʱֱӴְʧ׼һԭܺù֦
֮ôԽԵ˵Ϊ˼ԵýԵΪǵԼְֱԭ
ţȥȥɡ˶ʮͣͺǸƶˣСɾѽúøǸ㡣
лл˶һúֲʧԭµġǳȥˣԺء
ҼûһۣץסԵߣʼҲ˼ҽܼʲô̬ȣҪҪߡ
ţҼ˿
ŸɳֱִڿԼӣǲǻˣ

ԵҼŽ˵ݣ˰ͣĲϷʵô֪¥зװꡣ
ûԵƺûзҼغһ
㱻˹һƣܣû©Ľܼڵ˴˿ܾСõܡ
ңҸǸˡܻ˵ˡ
ǣܿҵı˾֣ҳ㲻ɣҿǰǺҾôе£˵ջָ֣ģ
ԵǺԼΪʲôᶯŭΪҼŴθʹ죿
ΪҼӼԼڴ۲ķŭ
˺Ҽոնսȭͷ׼ӭӽԵҧĶȤζͷˡ
û꣬ǵ˽Եļʡ
˵¡ǸȷԼҹشԵġ¡ָ½Ե˰
Ǻ½ԵȦӺ᲻ɱظǸŮ
ȫҸ˵λλǰϣǡְ֡͡衱ˡ
վˣмһ۾ĸͷߴԣұߵĽԵмƣ곤ڽԵԶ϶Եùϵ
ߵǸŮˣ߱ȽԵЩ˳ȫ񣬸Ҳͬһϡ
ûƭԼĻ
ֱ죬˵С⡣̨⡣
Եʱ˴˻ϲԵȥʱƽءⳡУһɾȥαĹ̡
⣬Եȥɾȥαģǲ˵ˡ
ȴ˽ԵȫҸ
һȫҸŮĿ̫ˣҲͥҲ
ҼΪĿܡǽԵĴɩ
ʵԵʲôϵı䲻ǡһˡʵ
ԼԵչϵƱػԵļˡʱԵ⣬ԵĴ磬ָԴ


7 
䣬Ҽϵıްǿ֮ɫ
ôԵǾ䡰¡أܽͣЩҲѰˡ
ƽƱ磬ô˵ˣ

Ȼܶ޻˵պٹҵ¡
Ҽ·ֽ·޷Ǽ׽
ˣˡ
ҼôΪʲôҪܣΪʲôҪ£
ΪԲҪϰԵҼЩʲôµأ
ԵȻˣĴŹˡƹҼĴʱ
ҼͲǸʡ͵ĵƣ
͸úݵģҼﻰ³Ϊֹ
£ı¿ηεҼȴٴαԵĻըëô˵ڹûˣ
ܸöΪԼ룬Ķƽӹ֮ӦԵģ죬ټӼϵʽΪá
ԽԵ˵ЩΨͼĹٳҼԽصǣǶǹˣƽӹûôŵÿԶΪ͸ɫңõ
еɫôһӵнԱϰ塣Եʵʵ˵
Ե
ңô쵥ӡ
˵ûУ
ΪζŭԵĿֱֱضҼ˵һʵ
ˣ
ԵҼĿŭһͱԷһְ磬һַؽڵݱڣײһ
Ҽʹû뵽ԼϲŮ˻
ǵĽԵռˣ˼ҷǵ飬ҧһڣвϵ
أһƯŮˣ̶̼ǧһĵزĿܼλãɫλķ綼Ӿƽ˺ԭ˵ͱࣿ˵ָЩ§ȥԼĸԸ
˵һ飡ԵҲ׻ˡ
ôڮң˵㣿Ҽյøɥʧǵؼߣ̵ִĺõ塭
û˵꣬ڵŴ򿪵ͬʱԵһɱҼ˳ȥ
ֻӴһԲѷڵӲˤ˸Ľų졣
һˤҼڵϾþûز
ԵΪˤɵˣ߹ȥýҼСȣҪҪ
ۼֿץסԵףҼˣҶˤˣ㻹ңһڵ𣿡
֡Եŭ⡣
ţбһֻż߰ܰͷһ¿ˮ̵Ƿ
ҼֹûУԵӻֻΣͿվˡ
ֹûУҼЦˣУһݿʼ˭Ȳģܲ˽ɡ
ҲڸԵˣǶýԵҲ
ŲţԵûôƤŮˡ
ߣֿԣҪҵǸŵĲվŵģҼڵȵţ޿֡
ԵôĴˣƾʲôҪǸ
ʱԶſص˽˵Ż
ԵˣҼ֣
Ҳ
Եһš
˰ˣһ²һ£ϾǸ½ҪˡѡȨ֮ƣ˵˾䡰Ǹ
Ҫֵİ汾ĳƫˡ
ôߡ
ôߵ㣡Ȼô㿴⸱ģҲܣˣҾҪǸ
Բ˰ɣԵԡ
ߣ⻹࣬ҡҼԹְֵ֣ݳȥ
ԵվȺ󣬶ҼӶֱת뿪һû˿
Сûôȹ涪
ҼˣæֽŲõվ𣬰ѽԵ˳ι·û
֣˱һ
ʱ̣ĿԣҼ˲ˡ
ĽŲԶҼԱøڽԵϣԲҲС۶ΪǣбŮί֪ˣ˺𣿡
ԭ˵Ŀɲʲôţͷбǡ̳ӡ
ԣǳԴף׽Եô
ǲܿƵġϲԵϾͻ᲻֪бԵǣӶ޳
Եǰ꣬¹̣ûʧع
֪Լ군ˡ
ÿӽԵһΣһ֡
ԵԨȥˡ
ǣס
ûоͷҲͿڰֹԵˡ
ԵŸ߸Ь߳ҼͷҼϣ˿ڿޡ
·˼ۣĿⶼԵһ˪Ȱˡ
ݵû죬ҼԵޱ룺ܶװıǸ˭ѧģ
㲻Ҳûƿѽ
ϲҲ˵ˡ
ղɿЦоҼı񶼻ָͣЦûһֻĦҮ֪ûһ׺ϸ裬С
ܼЦһɣֻҵˡ

ҼεЦЦ˺һ
˲ˣҳиɾ·㿴ܻܲڸո˵໥˺Щû˵𣿡
Сҵ˵ϣˮյĵӦòҪܡԵ̧ȥҼĳӡ
Ҽסһ˲˵Ǽٵġ
Ѿܾúܾûиܹ˱ڻůˡȻ˵ˡ
Ҽ˵˺ֵܹĻġҲȷˡ
ĲҼԼףҼţȴǻͷЩͬԻ
ǰµദΪҼ㹻죬ڣҪˡ
ҼСϱƵ׷ȥԵܣҳϿҵΪЩðĻǸҷģҴûŹЩҥԡ仰Ҫƭ㣬Ҿ׺䡣
ǻǱԵˣ뷴ϻûס
ºڲѡ
ͣڳӲ෽Եſ˵Ҳķϻ鷳ܴ򿪳ţ⡣
ҼŴԿףʾ֭ҪôýԵ
ȥøǸ
ӺȡԼԤճ·һװɫºɫë±ģӦܴϣַֻܸƽķܴ󡣡
ϰɫëº°ɫ㣬ҲԵø롣
¡ҰɡԵӹӾ˺
׼ڳﻻҼɴ۾
Ȼأ
㻻ɣҸѷ硣⳵Ĥɲǿȫڰ
ڹ߻谵ĳҲʲô
Ե·ʱҼϸ΢Ժȴĵýζ
һ˵ûᶼ͵ǲɵһ˵ɫɫҪɫҲҪɫոձס˼ҽܼʱ򣬾͸͵޺ۼɫ
Ҽţͼð޳
϶ǽ/̫ˣ
ڽԵϳ/ζζƳ
Ե³ҼŴԼ·ҡһΪС¿Ľܼ࣬һʱƲۡ
һͨĴ䱻ԵҼ뵽ĸ֡Ʒ/
Լôôɫˣ
ѿ
ѿҼ顣Ƿÿ
Уȥɡ
š
ҼҪԵסȵȡ
ôˣ
ûʲôԵ̽ǼŪĴóˡ
óѽ·ͷųϰɡ㲻ߣҿԸϴٸ͹ȥҲŪġ
ԵĴǽv죬ͦ/أϸǰ͹̵İչ¶ࡣ
װױ˫ۣ
ҼżƻóѣȽԵԼز¶·Ҳûÿˡ
ӣԼ˶ĸֵķȥҲûȫȻͬ·ĽԵзζ
òŪɳ׾ɫԽԵӴ˰ɣ
Ҽᡣ
Ͳ׼ôСµ·÷һ̵ڲֱ۵ĸëڳ
û˸˵܆¡ԵҼĽ飬߿ʮǼ·ֱӽͰ
ҼĿզ࣬һż
ͷԸϵСﲻ԰
æŻŵȥͰߣȥֱԵץסʲô
ҼŤ죬֣뿴ʶ
ڽԵüͷѯ£ҼŸҪ𣬾ĩһµĻ㡣
أ
ܡһҲŻ򡣡
˵ӡ·ԵСǰơġ
ǵһμڿյƾϣʱĽԵúܣ۾ͷϣôӣȫһûȣ쵲ȥ
ҼӴǶˣҲ˲٣һǣû¡
ͽԵ쵽ʱûסˡ
ʱԵһһҷ죬ؼʱԵýԵѡ
Լ·ؿҲ꣬Ҽ׽
պҼȥǧ᰸̣ʽǩ˺ͬ
ǩͬˣҼ򵽽Ե칫ҹͨ᰸ĸơǰԵӹóһֽܵ·ԭٴҵлܵ⡣
Ҽ˴Ӳûϸ
Ȼص˾󣬲ŷֽԵǼոµġ
ԼǼȻҲֻΣؼǵãϵ˲ԵĽǶȣϴҲܰϴİɣ
Ǽ촩ϵɫס
һҼ̾Ե磬ֱԲ䣬Ϣллͻһף֮ͷԵһٷ
Եѡǧ㸽һ
òǰҼԵһϵйĿôֲ
ԵѪħӡ󣬱ʱҼµġ
˶ĬûǼɡαģҲ񻹲֪Լ쵼ġɧ
ÿǵҪװǽԵǲ󣬻¿Ҳӡˣ
ܲڼﵱװΰɡ
·⡣ǣԵ˶٣ǹһĨζЦݣ״̬Ƿѣƣͼʻܽ°һܣͶ·ļֵ

ԵĻᣬͷŸ߸Ьݣܾ㷭ͰҲ޼¡
ҼԥҪҪ·ͽԵһٶʮ⣬Ƿǵ·ѽ
ܼ˶
Ҳ̫ڼˣ
ڸ̵ĳûѣôһ¿ϵණǰСϰǰˣͿĹˡ
ҼͷҿණƨɣԵ˵ƨɣ


8 
Ҽ°һԴĺɫֱͲ㡣ɫ࣬ͻҳࡣ
վڸʻߣ°ڣƨɶҲӾղŰѻҳĵòˡ
Եû˫۱ǰڵݴš
ֹҼ龹ȻʣҲûзڰķˡ
Сܹм⡱ʣжûˣܸоôҵĸоǡÿѽ
ĸԵĮӣûᡣ
Ҽੲݵ˵㣬Сѧڰ죬ҾǾÿġԵǸѾܶˣһҪٲһ䣬лл㡣
ллİݣҲллһء
̫õߣõʧȥˡǽԵ䣬½ĵ׵ȼˣֳʻˡ
ԵġģӹɡԼҪ
ò׵Ķ
ҼͽԵٴλص䣬һǰĽԵ˵˴ҼƽϵĻʵĿȴǵڶȰơ
ܸСպⱭƣĲһʴǰӡԵҼһơƣСʱçײЩܺԺҪൣˡ
ò˵˵Ϲı¯ˡçײˣҼ²ۡ
Ŵ»СС»˵׼ҼԵһۣû˵ͰѾƺˡ
Ҳˣ·ƪڵذѽԵӭȥһҼٱʾ⡣
˷ڸһλŮʿ裬˶ڸ̨Ŀصλʿ̸飬⼸˷ɢߡ
ҼŹ۲쵽˸ˣҲ˼ˡ
ӣ˼Ǻ˸Եһߣм仹ˣܾԵһЩ÷ҵ΢ֵ㡣
ո˵һƷҪִУͷ棬Լۡ
˵ֲܴ꣬ɷģܵ˼ֻҪڹ˾͵Щ°ʱɾС
Ҽʣأʱжϣûı𺦵죬˭׬
Ҫ
̡̫ǧĿͬСɣϲøܲãԼһܻýӽԵ°ࡣ
ΪѾͱˡ廰ҲȱǮ
ôܳҵ̨أܳԼҼıӶ˾ƣܣ˵Ҳˬˣһڼۣ򣬺ⱭƣǾһΪΣ
ҼüΪԼҪ˸߼ۡ
һδ¯Ĳ߻ֵ򣿶ֵµĹˡӻǲӣ
žƱ֮ʣҼ΢΢תͷԵһ˵һߺ
ڸ
ֻϰŲڶʮƱһһﵹơҪʲô
ܣҼĲɣܺ
ܱǸҼعǧõİӶԿն֮أʵڷ/Ҹɡ
ܲ첻£ҼʾǸ˾Ʊȥ
ܣҾ֪ܿɷһڸ򽲻ȴʱһԵ
ŤͷȥܵĶҼеһ񺮡
ϲĻܺϻԼٻԵĺ¡
ɫͬ񣬻
ҼΪôĽԵˡҲǺ޲ûԵԵѾƶˣٰѻ˶ɵȻ󽫽Ե
ɺȶû˼ȭܾܺãػȭҲӦûɣЦǺǵ顣
ᵹǻᣬҼڽԵǰ¶Ƶصһ棬̫ˡ
ҲỮȭɡҪҼĻԻַʽӴС
Եһͷڻ·ʱɢ
߾бͷһ࣬¶İȤζضҼỮȭĻʾɡ
ҼԵ̣΢Ľܼίʵ̫ˡ
䳤һװ磬Ҽ޵ֿ·µģҼԼģҲע⵽ˡ
ҲһɣǾͱȵȥӣҼ׼Եߡ
Ÿ£Ե⧲ҼϿ˹ƮƮܹñԤҪ硣
ԵĻëҼļϣȫϵ£ڵⶼͣҲ֪Ķţˡ
ţҺˣ㲻Ե
Ҽӡ
⣬⻹ʶǸѪħܼ
ڰ칫Һͳʱ򻹶Լ˪ôͻȻ䣬Լˣ
Ȼ˵˵Լˣ
϶Լ£
Сɡ
Ҳǵһιˡ
ĨȥԵΣˡ
ҼתͷµĲӰУЩˡ
룬סٺݺݣẬŪĶ䡣/ƺߣġ
ɣ˭ȣ
˻ŵҼһ顣
æƿڽԵϵߣ¾Ʊ󾪾Ķʪˡ
ĹǷĶԽԵĹǷûûˡ

ֶ/ʵֻûʲôɿԣǴ
һѾҼͽԵܹ˲ʮʮ½½Ļ̥˶
ڼֹһζôҼҼǡϡ˶ӣҲ޼ƿʩ
˶ҲûٺȾƣ̸ʹ볡ˡ
˷׷ͣ˽Ե߶˵ԵҿеˣҲһ˾ˣǧĿͳҿԷ֣ҲԷġҪССиɾƴͬʱҲҪЩǰͳģṩֵܴĻƽ̨һСյķΪҶܿáܰǧ㽻ǿգҲͬˡ
л˶ǵϿɡЦ͹˷˾ͷİɣǧܺͽλЯ򣬱ضںԭһƬ˫ء
ܼԡ
ķлҼס˽Եĸ첲ܲ˵۹⣬ԵЩڹ˶֮µˣ˶˿ڡ
˶˷ˣҺͽ¥ɡЦøϣֻ޹ʳС򣬡Ҳ˶͹˷˷ģҺͽסͬһ򣬵Ȼһͽܻؼҵġ
ǡ˶ĿڽԵϣĵҿСɫ̫ãСհˡ
ˣкö¶Ҫѧϰءرл˶лʶܺܣǶҪѧϰǰ
ķеĿ׻˭˵Ҽſھ
λǶ볡ˣҼҲҺ˽ڣҲûʲô˼ɣ˽Եߡ
Եɫ治á
ȾƺȵñӣθյոҼ֧ţվվˡ
ҼΪǿͷʵȰģɡҼά
Ҽػţİǿô꣬һأûϵɣ
ǳʱҲ˳ȥסҼһ¡
ҼͣţýԵǽҸ˵仰
š
Ҽűߣ̳಻ΪǮǰɣҼ㻹ǺģһΣȷҪĿŵҶŸɣˣϰ壡
ŸɣҼȵָʲôܽͨ׶Щ𣿡
װͼװ䳰ȷҼҼʲôС򣬷Ļǳİǡ
⻰ˡµʱ䲻ˣҼʲôˣ֪ܲ𣿡ҼڿգδԲյ¡˵ǰǣӺ̸𣿡
Ϊƽʱڹ㣬ܲϰ嵱¡
Ҳеߵˣһִ죬죬չĹģ֤ҲڿõƶߡһССĲ߻ܣĻ᲻̫ˣҼұۣҲǿǰ;ͽ֮һϣܺú˼СǴˣҲ˵ˡҲԵ˳·Ǽ˳·ذȫ͵ҡмһ㣬ֻҪ㻹ڿվְպǧãҺ㣬ͽԵԼܣδܳһʱڶ湲ͬ塣ô⼸֮ĹϵûȥȨ׺úõһ롣
ܷˡǹлУҶֻ¡Ҽ治ɫᶨԼܡ
ݿҼͽԵں档ƵĿռҼŵĲֹŨҵľζнԵζ
ζζϣʮͷ
ϸڳϣᣬҼһְ롣
УһʣΨ޺˸˼Զ׾˷С
Ե˫Ŀ΢أθûͳ꾰ͬƣҹϳҼϣȴûС
˵ЩС˵Ҽģм޲вζ
Ҽһ㶯ûУҲ˼Ļɣ

Ϊײϰ壬ŭϰ壬Լĺ·ڿյǰ̡
һ𣿡ԵͻȻδۣȻΪѣҲԾܾش𡣡
ţʡ
ϲˣ


9 
ϲˣʵģҼĴԷת
İ˾ڣԵʵûޡ
Ҽ΢΢̾ƵͳϲƷãúÿˡ
Ե룬ֳ̧ŶҲٴ˾Ĭ˲Բﲻһװɵһװ˯
˳⣬ҼָӴͣʾ뿪
ûİˣйƺŴˣ˴΢ĺ
ҼԸⰲʱ̣ŽԵĲգĽԵжһ߰ĽԵҲҼ¶ĽԵ
֪ԵǰǿڱĿҲ֪ˣǲ֪ڵĽԵŻ˯š
תͷٶų˹
̧һһд֡Ե
дúרעûע⵽һˡʼԵۡ
ҼдԵ֣˼룬ֻ˸νȦ
ԼƷҪҪֻ𣺡˶ãôң
ҼһĸڳϺĨһͨ
ӦõסɣӦûɣ
ûã̫ۣû㡣ͷҲûأ㿪³ڳֽš
ԵתתϵÿҲ˳
߸ЬȽŻľ״̬ԵʣһžЩˤҶҼȼ֮ʱģʱס˽Ե
ЦǺǱڻԣҾͲô󷢴ȱҲˤӵζ
ǰһ뻹վ˵ֻۣŶһҲಱϵϸƤͱܼҧסˡ
ʹдҼסûڣһ̧һֻ֣˫ֽػסҧߡ
谵ĵƹ޳ӰصֱһڹʹҧȥԵź֪׹ΪʲôҼڻʱ˵˼ܺܿġ
ɲСѧɹô
ԼҲǣ
ָоء
Եɿڣ°ظҼͷҼҲû֡
һ飬ϲʲôˣ
Ҽһ˵ѽϲƷõģúÿġޣټһԶаĵģܼܽèġŮˡ
޳Ļش𣬽ԵһγĬˡ
Ƭ̺Ҽıܣ
ܺá룬ҡҡλεŲͷۣһ߲ˣͷܺ¥
㣡Ҽӳ˽Ե׺ְȥСĽ¡
ҧҲҧˣҲˣѼӲôƣ
ԵһתסҼӣΪʲô˵ʵ
ѵҪ˵ҿˣѵҪϲϲңǱ׷󱻸׵ĽԵ̬Ҫըˣ
ҼҲʹ·Ȯ˺ҧ
ץסԵϸغԵѣѺòã
ѣҲػ
ѣͲõļҳˡ⣬Ҳ±Ƶδ֪־ˡ
ǸҺȶʧ̬ˣܱ֡ԵҼԼĶ
ѣ
ôɴ˵ˣ
ԵסԼΣøҲҪˡ
ֲ֣ȥɡҼǿʹװûνӡ
Եѻ𣬵ͷߡ
ҼϡûнյԵʾźţҲǲԵǸͼ
ֻǺԼ׺ҵ˽ԵİȴָദʧܣΪƻ˺ףԵ˶˵ø
ı磬ĺҲеİ
ԵǿˣԼˡ
ཻǶûԷ̸۹ˣ
ҵˣذɡԵվſڣҼ֡
Ҽ·Ͱϴ˯һԼȥϰࡣ
ƺʧԶѣܲطϡ
ԵôңƤҺ޳ܶãҴӦľһҼ濴˿Եֵͷ˿ϵʱ䣬賿ˣҾͲϢˣ
Ҽתȥ󣬽Ե˼ضſһ˵ſڣԳԼʧܡ
ҼϲдΪԼֵôˣҼ룬˵أ
һҼһ
һҼֽһ
ô˰ɡ˵ҼΪֹֻ˵ҼûкøΪֹ

춼飬ǼӰӦ꣬ؼһôԼźֻèӣҼûʲô࣬¸ճһèëڽԵſڡ
˵ԵҲòȥɳѹϻġҼ·
͸èۿҼűתˡ
ҼԵĴţֿ˿ɳҲ۲ѣôݲ뿪ġ
ýŽԵϴ꣬ȷߡ
ԵôôɾˣȻɳ˯һҹж۶಻ѽ
ҼٻҲӡ
ͲֱڷٰɳϵС̺۵򿪿شʿͨ
̨ǸɾʲôûУװ˷ô𽭾Ĵռ䣬ҲϽԵʡ
29㿴ȥҰɫһࡣ澳תƺ̹ˡ
ܼһסżֵĴƽ㣬ݳ޵ġ
СʱԵã˵ױҼͽģ
ˣͦ찡еһСʱ̫ˡҼæ̨ܽЩ嵭ͣһ㡣ǲˣȥ¡
Ե磬Žɫͺɫ㣬ֱϹһƺɫ¡
žȻĲʳ״αϣ˵ҲһɣҳԲô࣬Լʳ
ѽҼȷʵûԣڽԵ棬ƽʱͳʲô
ոսʱ˳۲һߵǶȱûʲôϣ̨Ҳ̡
Ҳ뿴ģɱǱȳΪ˽ܵĿռ䣬δ㲻˽Դ򿪡
ϽգҲͽءҽջһء
ôԡ
һ֮ڳ緹ó԰Ҽ۵̾һҸ緹ɣʲô͸˵Ҿȥ򣬲ҿû˵ɣ
ҼԵĻǼ˫̸ֻϵ
Ŷ֪ˡҼֿԣͷò͡
ųţ̧ͷˣ··ҰɣԼûȥϴС
·Ҳ󣬴ƽۣٿλľӶࡣǧĳ˼Ҳͼȹˡ
ԵǼºë±ģһǧ顣ƽʱϴ»ϴģϴҲۡ
ûаѸɾ·˲ϴͻȥĵԵͷҲ̧ģû·áܵ·һϴɾ˻㡣
ǣҡ
Էɡ

ӽԵҵǧҪСʱ̣ҼԵԤһСʱױʱ䣬ʮʱ䡣
ԵϴױҲ죬ʱԣ
ܳԺ˾ͳɡ
ŽԵֻ֮һĲʳµز죬˰
Ϊ˲˷ѣҼ֮صذʰˣҲȫװãЦҼӣҰϴһ¡
š
Ҽڳϴ룬ԵѲ輸ûҩߣִӵǽߵİóҩһװ
ҹҪǿҩ￸ȥ޷˯
Ҽϴ䲻ؾֱԵˣԺʲôͣ˷ʱ䡣
ţԵߡ
緹ôܽ˷ʱأҼظ緹彡彡ʲôҪ
һٵģ˷ʱ䡣֪ܼҵֻʮӳ̣ҵҼңǧٵգ˳·ܴԶЩ·˷ʱʲô
㣬Ҽֱţ촩˶Ь弸Ų£ˣ˵Ļ˵ˣ
Եû¶һߵݿڣһ־Ŀ˵Ȱܸûζļ׷ദɲҪ̫ˣǼҳ㷹
̴̴̣̻𣡡ҼͶ弸ųЦƤ񣬲۵ġ
Եװμ࣬࣬ڷ򣬲輸ֻһľɺСһֽŵ鼮
ڲ輸صĿɳİװҩƿװҩͻأ۵ģҼϹӣôܿأ
Ҳǣ˽Եģ緹·ܱ̽˽ˡ
죡ҲǽԵˡ
˵ѣһԸ
˼ҽԵŲϡûûƤϥѡ
Ե뽻ѣҲˮƽ൱ѡ
ҲΪʲôҼڹȥûҪԵѵ˵Ǹ֪֮ˡ
ѵģԿƣģƲˡ
ĶòٶζεԵ̸֮Ƿȥ˼ǹˡ
ֻ㲻㡣
źӰͷһɢйؽԵһΡĻڣ첻ˡ
ߵСһݣ¥ӵ
ݵˣûҵԵȽҼš
Լ𣿡
ţûС
ԵУҼԼӲáԵϲŭɫҲԾעУᱻԵץС
ţܳɣǶܽ·ĸлͣǻ·Ǳծϸ˵һǷһ·顣Ҽ̬ԵԲ˵ˡ
Եѻ˵ˣҼĻܾܾҲܾشð


10 
ܵ˹˾Ȱ·ϵëһ¡Ϊһ㣬ÿһԱÿһˣϰʱɾ壬
ǽԵ³ǰ͸Ҽġԡ
żҼȡһ֯ǲɫг¡
ݼڼңȡݴһأ͹ſڵ¼ˡ糿ֱӴҲû̫·մ˶ë
쵽ˣè任ëļҲˡУһë͸ѹӢƵģһ·һ·
Ҫ氮˭ëӰţëӾ氮
֪Եϲϲëӡ
Ҳûʹ
ʲôأëӸ˼ҽܼʲôϵ
˼ֲ˭
Ҽ칫ұȥëˢ֯ˢ㲻þëˣ͸һСһСմ
һֹëӸϴˣһƽԵ˵ҪԷòһѵɣ
ԵǰҲѵٵÿ˵쳳ˡ
Ҽ簡죡
Ҽǽ춼˲پƣͼɫܲã͵͵˺üζӣעܵ״ʱԷ߶֢ҩʲôġҪ⣬ȰȥҽԺ¹彡ܶϷ
죺õҼ㣬һע״ġ
ҼͽԵ˳⣬δ˿汻ײҲ˵ùȥ
һܣ죬ʮأʮﱻԵͬײĸж
ײָôͣ
Ե϶ýͣɶײأǳһЩ˽
׼˵ˡˣҪ͵ġ
չ湫˾ĹȽиԣڿ԰칫ҼΪܺ󣬲ԼԶСռ䡣
Ҳֻǰиϰ壬ǵİ칫ҡ
һλСܵλáһŵľͷСңɹǸСճʹá
СǴңңԼϵĴǵİ칫
÷ֲʮλһһ룬һǲˮ䡢ӡҡҵȡ
èëתشһСºΰˡ
Сս㣬缸㿪᣿ҺŻҡ
˵Ҽٵʮӡǧõ·ʮˣ֮ǰʱͨУûӵ¡
Ͳˣ߷塣
ٵʮӾӲ³ģ
òȵʱ䣬ǰСʱͽԵǧãеⲻȥˣ֪ǧÿգô˳
ˣγٵⷣĻ
ΣһʮܹҲһʮ飬۵
УУٳԼͷ¶ԣٿȫڽ
Сս㣿
ţҼɤӣʮɡ
Ϊ˽Ե۾գضˣ᲻ٿ

æ꣬ʮ㣬ҼŸԵϢ
ҼܣȥĶԷѽѵַңҺȲ·ߡ
Ϲסûʣʣɴ˴컰⣬Ȼ緹û
Եظúܿ죬û֣һַĶλ
ŶԻĶλҼɡⲻһԵԷǼ𣿽ԵңǺ⣿
͸Ҳʣ½Ե¡
ҼOK°ȥ㡣
緹
仰ûȥյ˽ԵĻظ·ӣҿԼȥ
ĻҼܸܵԵĺˡ
ҼܣƲ˵ģ˵ծҪһܵ˾㻹ϡ
ϢҼĿתضĻǾ䡰Է롭
һֶӣŵһ֣á
Ҽϲ
ɫƤĥóˡ
ϰǰƤɱˡ
ڷԶʡ״ε֡
Ҽ緹ϵģ粻ܲԣ
Ե·ϡ
ҼУúóԷ

շʢѣıڡ
ڴɼĴɫϲ˹һѰ磬ֻĬ֮ů
İߵѻĺɫ֡Ҽһ춼ûٴμԵϵõ廨
ϴǲԼͬصͬţײͣò׼ԵʳΪ͵һҼֶһݺСʳײͺݹɳ಻١
ΣǽԵ͡
ǰͽԵǰһݲ˵
ҼԥţҪϴһ
Ե͸ɴ࣬ҼܿԱظһԵĲƷ
ϴβһͷˡ
Ҽϲ˵΢ЦſԱҪһݸһţʳټһٱлл
õģλԵȡ
ԱһߣҼЦøˣְŪϵĺõ塣
̵صŷԱϲ͡
ôģʲôϲ£ԵǺأҼġʵ
ԸЦ
սỨƿ֧õ壬Ҽ۴ʣӦòģ˫ɶһµѽ
˵űֽ˷Ա鷳ܶһõ𣿡
ԼͷһĹ˿ͣԱ㶲ӦԵģԵȡ
ҼһζԽԵдĶоҲ
ʱòõһ룬ŴƬ޺緢˴ֱԼ׵ľǽ͸Ҳ
ӲϣҲܿͽԵ
ƳڷʱĽԵҲԾͣж˳Ҽ߳ͬһȥȴڲͶӰҼĿײ
⧲һۣҼƽѾõ£ҲѾõĺ
ԽԵûһ飬ȴһꡣ
ҲһһеĻѽе²Ÿտʼ
ʡ
κβԸ֮£ʮ֮/šʹ֮Ҳֲµı޳
ıʲдһͷֻһͷˡ
յԵĲλʱͿʼϰµˡ
ŽԵҲΪ˸ʲôʽУһԣһҲԣһɢû¶˰ɣ
ԾЦ
˼ҽܼĶô϶ǵһ١
ԱЧʺܸߣӾ͸һ֧õҼӹ˵лл
ѻ֦/Сڻƿһʢһ京Ҽ仨ķǿŸгС
쿴ǲǸˣ
գŵĴ۾Ͳѡҡдˡ
Եֻءš
룬ҼҪβͣƶҡˡ
ĳ˰ѻƿŲβм䣬µؿڣ仨Һ㣬Ķ㣬Ķأ
ԵرҼ˺ġ
˰Ǵ̵õ壬ҼҲôΪİɣȻϳʱҲǧѡһ׸ʾǡõ廨Ůˡĸ
ȴû˾ݹʢŵõ壬Ǵŵõ塣
ԼԼûȤ֪Ҽô
ۿԵûҪԼ˼ҼҲ٣ЦһʳָָǶ京ŵõ廨
㡣˾һƳֻǴ޻Ƥһǻ£ðűǧٿ׵ķȥ̽Ѱȴұ¾ŵ죬˼ֻһ䣬ȫ̺춼Ȼʧɫ
ҲûʣԵض֡ŲΪʩ
ָһ֧ҡ
˵Żַֻ°ʹ˶仨ƣͷװɰ쿴ңĻŭţɣ
ԵƷζҼõĲҼһ䡰Ļŭšʶ
΢΢Ц£
һҪһֻҼҲһõ塣
ҼӦҲԼõ壬ԵԼˣŸ˼·һĴԼɡ
ɡ
ѽԵЦˣҼ˫Ƶػشʵĵһ⣺ҿΪԷĲʳɱȾƾϵķ˺óԶˡֲûʹʹȥģԻʵҸǶ˲赹ˮһڷûϣһǮСѶû׬Ѱ˼ţҪȻ˵ֱҽǣһϵڱҵһͧǲ׬ˡ
Եٴƹ¶һĨЦܿס쿪Щҵ¡ڵĹͦõģ̤̤ʵʵʲôǿ
˵ĶԣҼͷְͣ˾ر̤ʵ

Ա˲ͣԵ𵶲棬ȫעò£ͬʱƽֱҼ˵
ҲҼøеĵط
ͬѰ
òͣԼҼĺøֵ˭ȴ
ҼǷӪĺ˵˵Ҫһ˶ȥֻöԷܻ𳵣ǻ
ֽǰߴߴᷳģ˼ǸСҼˡ
ԹسԺãԵ˵Ҽϵֻش
ֻһʾšҼΪעˡ֮һܣҽӸ绰
ԵͷҼ΢ι񻶣
ҽԺҪˣֵ绰ͨ
ҪˣǼҽԺɣúúãϾڰɣ
ڣˣûУ
ˣ𼤶͸ϹȥҼ˵绰ǸԽԵ˵ʵڲ˼ҺҽԺӣһæ֮ǰӦҪȥҽԺġ
ϽȥѰɣǴ¡ҲǸˡԵû
ǣܲæĻңˡҼץɳϵ׾Ͳܵӵš
ԼӺ󣬽ԵҲ׼뿪
ʰķԱȴס˫һԿףСһ£ԿɳϷֵģǲѸոµģ
ѵģллԵӷԱȡҼĳԿס


11 
ʱΪ˷㣬Ҽ͵˸ûѳб漸Զĳ⣬ֱͣ·ϵͣλ
²ˣ߳Է˶࣬ĳӱסȥ·ؼϻûŲ
˲ҲӦԿڲˣæܡ
¥´תǴĳײ˸
ԵŸ߸ЬҼ߳ףҼײ˽Եͦıϡ
ҪǱҼֿסʧȥĵĽԵҪˤúˡ
Ҽ֣δԷһ˵顰Բ𡱣εصͷ׼ƹȥݡ
ððʧʧײˣ赭дصǸˣһûĵǸҲû˵ԭ㡣ԵסӣҺأҺԼûݡ
ԵҼͷԵ־־
ȥҳԿףͲöһˣ⡣
ŶҼ˵Եǰ㡭û¶ɣ
˵ô޸ѣܿɻȫ⳥ԵֿʼһڲˡҲֻڲҼ˭ûʵǶ
Ҽɵˡ
ԵıӣҲ׹ǡٵѽ
ˣҿ
Եɲ֪Ҽֹ˼ʲôٶ˵Ļ棬Ŀ֣ǵ˵ôżȥҽԺˣ
Ҽɴ۾ŽԵıӿֿûѽôÿ
Եɨһۣߡ
Ļſھƭ˶ٹ
ҼԿף²۵иͣ£ҵĳµģԿҲߡ
ԵֽԿ˻Կ׸ңȥɡ
ҪԼѳȥ
СҼһڷϵϣ֪õȶءǶߣԼȡҲȥ㡣
ɲýԵһɵšңǶûп˴˵ĳ˵ԵǸ߸Ьѽ
ȫһ
ҼشӽԵԿ״㶵ҲûؾŽԵߵ·ߡ
ʲô뷨һֱץţһֲֵֻֻϸ͵ר
Եûȳ϶һ仰û˵Ҳקš
ӺͽԵϳˣҼŴ·ĳ⳵ǰҽԺ

Ҽѧʱͬ첻ͬѣȥӳɻ飬ϹǱˡ
΢ϵĲƴѰ޹ѯʻʿŵ֪ѱͽ
Ҽ⣬˵ֵ绰ͨÿӴһΣεʱͨˣأҽԺӣأأ
֪֪ǷϢˣڸ·ϡǰϰӦ꣬źŲáҼ㵽ҽԺ˰ɣźͺʲôкŮ

ŶŶãҾͿ쵽ˣأ
ʱû
Ҽ˵ž͹˵绰һֱ˲Ǻϲ
񻶺మ棬سϷҲ档
ҼܽܵĲǴϷһİ˺һİŮϷԷƣϷ֮΢źϷ壬޼ɵЩ/⡣
̬صһǺ񻶻ڣر΢ϸǸŮ֡/οˡ
һܺ󣬺񻶿ŵҼ˵ίϣز¹ϴ˵Լ˾ѾжϷҲɾ΢źѡ
Ů˵ͨطĲ׼ͬ·˼ҡ
ҲȷûǸŮ˼棬ԶءأֻҲѱ֤ǲ˽¼졣
Ͼֳ
ҲǾ찡
¶ҪҼϣҪŮѸѿ/οѰ̼һ̶ȵľͷִ󼪣
һСʱ󣬲ͺӶʿ˳
ں񻶱Ƴǰ͸ϵˣϰοǡӵҲڶ϶˶βһԼŮ;ӵػָԪ
ҽԺ񻶵ҹҼȥĵطȡ
󣬿ʮˡҼԥǸԵһϢȡˣ
Եá
ҼûϢ֪Ե΢ʾȡ˵ģԷϢᳳ
Ե׼˯
ԵǱΣ
ҼлܹģĸŮƽ
ԵţҲȥɡ
Ҽţ[] 
ûˡ

ҼŬȡԵֻص䲻ȵദģʽ
ͽԵϰÿһ죬˶ڽԵһҼͣ°һŻȥ
緹Ҽ򣬽ԵͣҼѡط
ΪýԵúóԷҼ˹һܶĸϵĲһԶźˡ
һθ
Ҽζ뵽ԵûбԭֻΪ˵Ǿ䡪ҿģΪԷ
Ŀ̫ʵˣɽԵĿأ
壬ǡ˸Ůڡ
ڴ򿪳ǰԵǴҲԼⱲյҼĵһڡŮڣ
ҼҲ̫飬˹ĵ͵ʱ·꿴˼ҹдšΪŮͻ
һŮŮ˵ĲǽԵ
⻨ģŮ֪ʡ
ҼͷȼѻóСŮڿ֣
ҵŮտ֡Ҽﲹһ䡣
ԼԼӣԵõԵҼഺŻ͸ˣɬݵӡ
Ҽ뵽ǸеΨǱ˴˵ĳ
ûڸʷֻƬֻĬأղأһΰ
Ƿ۰ɫ㣬ǣżࡣ
ͺõýԵġ
յ̫ĺõˣȴ֪ϲõ塣Ϊն˿ˣΪŰ顣
ǰڲû뵽ʵĻҼɲǣ뵽ˡ
Ҽ񡪡㡣
ţɫ࣬嵭ǶҼڹͣ
Եɫ糣˫ֽӹŻ㣬ͦÿģˣܻߣ
һҼɫ󣺡ϲͺá
ʻңŤͷȥעڻϵĽԵŵǡǵһͻûʲôľ顣Ա˵ʺ͸߹ŵŮԣһ룬ܼ̫ˡ
һͻ
ҼĲʺƨýԵ÷ǳ¶ɫʲôҲû˵
ҪٹĦĦҼȴķǵļһôѡ
ôĹˣġ
ȥԺɡƢθ
Եɺ˵УҪؼҳԷһûʲôҪ£ĩҶȥĸ׼ҡ
ĸ׼ң
ǡǽԵɩɩǸң
ҼһԵ˵ˣԼĸڵһҡ
Ŷãǻǡ°ȥ
ͽԵԼҸĸ׼ңһҼҲûƤؾ˵ҪȥѯԵ
顢顢顣
ԹһҪԶ
ТΪȡ
ԼȥЩ
С
˶Ĭˡ
ǧô¥⣬Ҽڲ۵ĵطҵһͣλ
Ͱ㳵ⶼˡ
ҪҳλʱͣˡҪҳλʱҵһЩġ
ԵŻ򿪳ţһֻȥҼͷԵһһȥ㡣
ȻûеõԵĻشﷺɬֻһ

Ҽһ񣬽ȳڵǧòȡԽԵ³Ҽûֱӿߡ
ڳ˻ֲȥĿ˰Сʱŵ߻ǧá
ǰ̨СҼˣСҼЦһ֧õܽտ֣
ÿĵ֮⣬ҼȸǧĿصĿչ湫˾żҲ̸£СûҼ˾һ¡
ллҼźŵĺõ壬ǹ˾˸Ůͻ
ʲôŮڣ񶼸ĽŮڡŮ˺𣡡СҼ˵˿ûʲôڣСǽܸŮͬǶС˵ѽзʢ衣
ܵġ
Ҽ쿴˿󣬡һˣ
ţõ㶫
ŶŶҲصضƣսҼԵҼҸ˵Ŷܽ籧һ칫ңƿӽˮ
ͦðİ칫ɫʡ
Ҽˡ
װ²ؼȴͷڲЦ⣬õ廨İװİס΢΢ѹΡ
ȻסΣʢ߷֡
쿴ҼСָ˵õĻģʲôҸҼ˵ľͲһ¶ʣҼߵͦģǲʲôѽ
Ҽģһ¡
˵һ֣ܵĳ춼ûôҲûҪóʱǿ˵ģûѳߡ
һѣʲôǹ˾ÿŮͬ¶ͻˣһǺõ塣°ŻڽϾͶôҼؾᣬҶСҲ˵ˣŮڡŮڣŮԵĽգܵļ˻Ҳͻѽ˵Ķ԰ɣ
˵úܶԡ˼ƣǰ̨
ҵ˭֪ݵǧñɽʯȹµſʤҪȻ£һʲôֻϧǽһæҵЩ˼ǰİͷһʯҲ򶯲˷ġ
Ǻǣ簡ҼٽӲЦţִк˽ڿ֣˵žͰǶ䱻õ廨ϣֵ˼ѽڣ軨׷ϣܱѽ


12 
ԼԱ棬򲻺˦ֻƤЦⲻЦؽҼݸĻ˾䡰ǾͶлˡͬʱݺݵؼҼһʡ
ǰ̨СЦλü鿴ļһԵѾ͵͵ͶЦöʧˡ
졣һԲԶ
ҼͻȻͣһӲһ䣬ŵʿˮ
Ե֪ʱӰ칫ҳˣվǲʮԶĵط
мȻżλԵǸ߶ȣȫܰߵľٶ۵ף˵򷽲ŸĶԻҲȫˡ
˼ˣҼһװģЦⶼˡ
͵ĻЩûĸҪϼ֡ûˣæǵİɣøʲôʲôȥϽҼ͵Ļ佱һذ칫ҾͰѻӽͰ
ܣңָ˹״̬תԵȥ
Ҵӡļ΢ϷˣϾҪ
õĽܣȥӡ
ֻʣҼεԭأҪָ̧ԵкԷûͻذ칫ˡ
Ҽ״Ϊ͵˰ѺҪ˰ɣ
ӺشӡһļԵȥܣҪļ
á
ܣոաǲˡ
ʲô
ҼҪ񲿵£ʱ˵Դ˸е졣
Ҽݻľٶû˵ʲô
ŶҲʲôûպ˵Ҽ͵ĻÿǾ䡣˵Ĵ
Ե鸴ӣЦֲӣ˳ʵǸʲôˣЦͦ
ոǰ̨˵ĻҼûܸdissˡҺСվԱߡȲѴĵǶνԵ
ǽжעЩ
ţⲻҲǡմҼĹ⣬˿ڶ
ôˣҲǳţ»Ҳ
룬߽ԵϣСŵһһʮ˵Ե
͸ոҼСһ֧Ҽ㣬˵ܸŮԱ׼Ůڸ֪ͻȻ֣廰˵˵ݵڽʯȹµ̫ˣһʲô˵Щ˾ʯҲᶯġȻҼ͸ܴкף˽ڿ֡СĻͻܣ̫ˣⲻҼ㡭
ˣ֪ˡ
Ե涣ԺǰҪС£˵Ҽǹ˾ˣ޼ɵ㲻ܣס𣿡
ǣҼסˡ
ϸ͸Ҷ˽
Ե칫ϵĵطơγһݵͻˣڱΪװķ羰黳
ﶼoΨ֮ˡ⾡ɢ
ԽÿһʪĽ軨ľԴȪҲǣЩ㯵·ˣѰһ簲ȵĸޡ
̻ʢķʮأǱľӵԵɼį䣬Ư
û߽ȥͬԼֻǻ֮⡣
ҼǸ

ĩ죬ҼȥҽԺ˺ĸŮһ졣
Ҽӵĸ裬Ǻ񻶻û˾͸ҼµġûзȨ
ղСҲûôͰ͵ˡҼֻ˲ƬҲͺĸŮ˺ӰȦ
Ů[] 
ͺ䲻һͬѧǸպסᣬ־ȤͶԸϣͳ˺Ѻùۡ
Ҽձҵһ꣬ں񻶼ס᲻ɴݡ
ҽԺҼ̬µĵ޺֪ͨжʮˡǣԵˣ
Ȧ࣬ƽһҲһΡ
Եûðݡ
ǻÿޣżҲۡ
ҼĸŮ
ţҹۼҵ˫С
ϻصңԼһСһ̻ΧϺУУҲԵÿģĺ
ˢ΢и벻ͷ
ȥԹˣ
֪Ҽȡ
˲ʶ񻶡
ȻҼȦƬܹûţʱҲû˵˹ϵ
Ȧ¿ɼ
һͺԼƬѾпһˡ
ڿ췢ͼĶ̬󣬲ᣬƺûë
ҼŮ
ҼѸϹĺӡ
˵أզô졣
𣿡
ҼһжáҲðɣ
á
Ҽһ㶼ûи/ʳǾ䡰ҲðɡѾļˡ
ûٴ֣ԷҲûԡ
ΪԻ˽ʱԻֵһϢ
ѮҪְˣǰȥɢɢġһվȥԭԳԺȺȣ֮ǰ˵Ļ𣿡
ûڶԻｲԭǰҼǶǾ䡰˵ʲô
ǴӦԺҪԭߵĳԺ
˰ɡ
ǰӦģҲûϵˡ
Ҽ
ҼĩɣҪһ¡ڼǵǰ˵
áǵʱ鷳ˡ
磬Ҽ˯ȫݴɨһҲķѲ˶ʱ䡣
磬ϵԿȥ߹㳡ĿСա
ģӣޣ˿̣̦İϣ΢졣Ǵ綼ྻġ
֮գߵĶʯ̲ͿϣŮο࣬˳뷱֡
һļУͬõǶ껪£һһЦһһ˵Ϻͷˡ
껨ƣ˲ͬ
ʱˣôõĴɫȥͣȥѰת˲Զʱ׷֮ˡ
Ҽվ۾̨ϣ˼ƬûһĳĿ֮
㳡ǵһĶ԰¥ۼ
Щ¥У׾پҵ˽Եļҡ
ҪǽԵڼҾͺˡ
̨԰ĴȻ͵͵ظҲĴ

һϣҼǰ˶ʮԵſڡ
ԼٵһϵĽͨһýԵҲͲˡ
Ȼǣ˼ҽܼѹҲҪ򿨡
簡ܡ
һҼһŴЦ
Ҽ۾СҲ󣬷û˼ҽܼ۾Ҳûܼ۾ÿ
ٵһڣʤʤغܴ
Цʱ۾촽һ޺һֻ΢ЦʹĦҮķ档
Ȼˣ⡰ﹷЦֻԵ
硣
Եкתˡ·ˣױݻûꡣ
ںͣҼڲϵȡ
ԵٳʱǴϿʼ;µһ˿һˡһֽ·ϴˣ¼ǵôϡ
Ŷлл
ԼΣ
㿴ҼױƵİһԴͺƵԵǰеǼʳġ
ųԻ᲻Źۣר׼ǶȣгСΣÿӾܳԡ
ţҲԴУֻñӵ΢¯¡
ÿ󣬽Եı϶տҲ
ĩú𣿡
ţȥѣȥ˴һһ붼û˷ѡ
ܡϲС
ڽԵһģҼеܳӦáϲɡҲȷôϲأ
ӿ֣÷𣿡
Ǹˣӿֶ÷ɣҲᣡ
˼Ҷ໰ˡܲûش𣬳緹ɡ
ôýܼΪԼ໰أҼʤϲһƷʣһ̬ȡ
ǾãµӤ֣ܽзǻȱЧ˼ά͹ͨһĸЧ﷽ʽ˵Ҫȥ⡣ϵСȡֵĿޣͻ˷ˡҲһԼ޸ʲôʱ򲻿ˣָҼСһ׽㣬ˡ
Ŷ
ŶˣԵȻŶˣ
ǡáǡšǲ֡Ŷѽ
ԼС뷨𣿡
ûû
ҼŵÿӶûȣˣ˼ҵССǣҲǸС˼ҵ˼ǣǡԼСǴӺ庢ӦǿԵġǸÿҼദʱ䲢࣬ͦϲС̵ġ
ԵЦҼ˿ȥϵĿӡ
ôԵһʣʲôˡ
ǰ
Ҳǣ˼ҽܼǰҲûʹ漰˽⡣
ֵֹģ
ӺҼҲûȥһ˫ֽ˲ãԵҵĵذɾܷ˺ðɡ
Ҳ֪˭ࡣ
Ҽ緹Եò̤ʵ½ԵһNʡ
룬ʣҲʰɣ
ˣǣԼҲǵһˣΪʲôͻȻСⰡ
Եϵشúܿ˳ڣĸ׼иС˵꣬˸׶԰ˡ
Ѵͣɲꣿ
ҼȴһŶһηŽ˵ˡ
뵽ġʱ䣬Եĸ׼Ǹ˭˭ģԶ
ǰĲ²û⣬ǽԵĴɩ


13 
ܶҼһӽԵ°ࡣԵйû꣬ϢҼˡ
ҼҲǾ󣬻ظ˵õһܣȱһϰ°඼㡣ȱһ°ˣҲܣȱ໹ҪġҾ¥µ㣬ҪǵҶҾȥ߶Ե㶫ٻ㡣۶ȣɢ
Ͻŵ㣬Եæꡣ
ܣһȥԷԵ롣
ˣȥɡϾŵԺҶԶ
ѹ֡Ҳת⼸ЦѹǽʮҲܰıֵôãǿңҾͲУඡ
Ǽ뿪˾żӰŽ˽Ե칫ңܣǶٹûԣϻǳԵ㶫ɣ
ԵϹãŽļкͳ룬һ߲鿴ֻһ߶˵Ҳȥɡ
ܡ
죬Ե̧ͷϣҹϵȥɣü˵ȵˡ򳵱ˡ
ǣټЩѹ˳칫ҡ
ԽԵоη֮ģҲܸлԵжĹգһľƾϰԵƻȵñȽ⣬ڹ˾ճʵرࡣ
ͬǿڽԵϣҲûΪѹ
뾡ܵذԵֵϵһЩҪǽԵҲԸһ
Լޣɲʲôҵǧִ˾쵼蹵ԽġԵ磬ͨһ󼰵ġ
˸ͨҲͨ˵ĻԱúܿ
ڸߴԵڼϲ㣬ÿıȻҲڳ˺ܶ౶
еñʧ
˽ԵһȴҲһ¼š
ÿʱϣһýԵ˴ѽԵ߽ߣýԵЦŴҲýԵСŮˡ
漣ְɣ
ߺ󣬽ԵĻҼϢӵ񡣻ڼͿˣûظ
Ҽ¥
һ뿪˾ԵڵŸҼϢ°ˡ
Ҽأ˳¥ͣλ
Ϊ˷ֹԼȾ˴˯ȥȵ㵱͵ʱ򣬻ȡһڵˣһ˳Ҳˡ
߸ЬʱҼӿȱ˱ֻ˽ǣӵسԵӭ˹ȥ
ˣҲǧõˡڽԵǰԼ˵ˣͼеȥҹ
𣿡ҼĵǽԵ塣
ʲôõƼ𣿡
Ե˸ֱҼһʱӦˣааȥԣ
߰ɡԵҼҲһֱŶڵ
ʻ복⣬ʻ޺
Եһں棬Ҽϰ˽ԵںԵԼҲϰں
׼ȷؽǴӵһδҼĳʼԵ˺
Ǹܣɲ氡ûб˼ǣұߣҿš
ǴǧӪ뿪Եĳ쿪ߣȥһҪŮͻҼҲڣëԼԸΪʹߣͽԵؼҡ
ҲǽԵһҼϿ˲ٵĽš
ĸʻҲţ
˿ûнôÿŴŮԼҪһͷתġ
ʱĽԵҲͷԲܰ˸ɫıǩ
ְϣɫûʲôãڽԵı׼Ҳϸϵıʡ
ֻҪ͸Ͷһ
̲㳡һҶɫСƹݣӪҵ賿㣬ƷܷḻǿԱ߳ԣͽҹɫ
Ҽ˵㳡ĩʹĵط
СƹݣҲ䷢֣˳˲ȵġ
áԵĻش𣬻ôˡ
ԷĵطԶԶʲôζȵȣһŲʡΪҼᰲ
뿪칫ǰĻǼٻһҹҼҲǲԡ
ҼѾΪԼΪ֮ԭ
СƹڽߣһƬľ¶̨ͲͲ¶̨ģʮһһСλУʵǴͲ֡
氲װ˴Ҳлװãǿʮò͵ԲСǿò͵ĳ
ò͸߷ʱΣҪǰһԤ·绰ʹˣʱԤĶˣһпճķ䣬ΪԤСʱ
󣬷ԱʾɨͣҼҪһֽʲ˵
Ʋ˶űעһЩƼˣҲĳappϲۣ
ҼȦ˺üôģȻְѲ˵ͱһݸԵȦЩйѡɡ
һһʽԵЩɿ̫ˡ
ˣǽԵǲҲ
еͲ˵֪˼ӣ㻹˼˵˵ǵģͲòˡ
⡣
еĽԵҲûһǷϻͶˡ
Ҽ㵽Ҽϸ˽Եֵչ˺ءҲˣÿÿҼദʱԵǷɣûκϵĸ
㲻˵ҲΡ
ǴԼ
Ͼ˵Ҫչ˵ģҲԼ
ҼСèСýԵ뵽СèС
ӴѧھƽЩ꣬һסôãʱ䶼ѧϰ͹ռݣδй¶įС
ԭ˼飬¶ͼįӰΡ
ԵعѡһһҼù˵߳ȥݽԱ
һ㣬ûϵģǾ볢˳Բ˷ѡ
һ˿ҪķԱ
Ҽٽʱ̽򽭱ߵĴøЩҲƿǶȣôȻ紵
ɣʽԵ
Եҡͷ
Ҽ£ڣ𣿡
ҪڲҼƶԵ
øСèĺƵġ
ûͷûβ׼Եʵķ棬ҪôأҼʱԵƮ䡣
ֺǨһȤĵˣܲ𣿡
һޱ飬һ
ҼʱСԾĺ鳹ױԵõһˮ졣
ѽ
̰Σ̵ΣעŶˣС㣬ǲǷԷ˶Լʲô⣿
ˣĻÿζȰѺͻؼңĻ쵰ؼңȷʵ棬ķζҲǿаٳȸɣе˾ϲ棬ôˣ
ҪǽԵѣǶóˡ
Ҽ˵˵Ȥġ
Ե̧ġܱʲôǧٹֵġЦ
Ҽˡ
ԽԵ֪֮٣ѱҲûѳԵһЩϲɶġ
ԵǡȤġ
ٳûȵģԵİƫͷ⣬ҹɫºö¥ķֺȻۡ
ʱŷ֣԰ҡ
ɺ
ȤģĵԴСǿһźʼĿôܼྐྵȻһԪнСϺ׳ܣܲҵسˣ
ʲôСϺף
һֻ۲ƣܴļƷ
ڳⳳܵĻ֣ԵЦ΢ͷ̧ڴ
Լڳʲô磿
ֱƵÿڳܽʾ֭˵˵ˡ
ţӦǡȤĬ
Ц⣺Ǹǡ
Ե㲻øұǸҼæסĻͷ˵ȥû˵ҾֺǨ㡣Ҳȫԣ˵ֺǨ㣬˵ȡԼ㿴ֺ㣬ҳԷÿٶôãҺܿİԱôأôһ˵׬ѽ
࿴һ۶׬
Էֻ׬Ϣ
׬˾ͺáԵܿҼȵĿ⣬ٴδӴȥѡĵطܺãɫҲܺá
ҼҲ棺ţǺܺãһСܺá
ʱܹʹͣ͸ˡ
ʱܳոһտͷʱ̣ܶһһϦݼš
ѽԵؿڹΪʱһ֡Ǽ޷ӵమҲҪŵˡ


14 
õʱǶݣóԵҹÿҹֱ˸Ȼ
Ҽʱ䣬ʮˡ
컹ǹա
ҹ֮ûŽԵĽˣҲԵˡ
᲻õ᲻˵ټͽԵٶֵĻȥӰԵϢ
ܲǵһ߰ɣԵȿˡ
ţǡǵڶ
̨֪ͨ˵Ե͸ָָй¶Ӫ񣬡档
ҼָĵطͷȥкܳĲ·࣬ƹȽϰ㡭ȥ𣿡
ţô˶һٻذɡϢҲʱ䡣
ԵķɢҼ»ɸ˻ˡ
ȳǽԵÿҲ֪Ҽһ߻ءҡβ͡
ҡβ͵öˣЩҡҪôӣҪôмҼֻҡβͣһ
ںҲȷ룬ǵЦûͣ
Եת
ҼʱĿİͰ͵ʣôˣ
Ӧǰɣ·
Ŷá
ǱҪһЩҪϣҼһ㶼Ьţ۽š
һܹ۲죬ԵÿմĶǸ߸ЬʽɫӦоУôظŴ䡣
Ҳ⡣
ڴ·ʱʶѡƽ̹ĺߵ·ѽԵ·ߡ
ˣһľջϣԵЬǿˡ
˼ΣûЬ/
ҼȻҲڸ߸Ьȵͣٺ󣬵һʱתȥԵͼͷרעذЬ
Ȼ̲ܲסЦ
Ц̣Ҽ˼ҲûʲôֱӶˣӲΣҿȡҪˣɾֻұȥˡ
ԵҼǻвزסЦ⣬ǲ֪ЦЬǡġ
Ь£żзҼǰǾóܣһֹġܸ߳С
߰ҼֻͲľķ϶խ仯ģԵЬǶĵطмλá
ץסԵź㣬ұŲ
˵ַֻһֻ̧ߣͷʹĻץҵ֡
ա
ԵĽźҼԱתŲķʽڽȳ֧Ь
ǰ𣿡ҼֻվʡûüתֻͲյ˽Եϣʶֵ̧ס۾
˼յˡ
ʱ˴Ӫطˡ
ҼĽԵᱻõͲսµľ˵߻ͷ·ˡǿ켸ǰ߰ɣҼǵǱҲܷع㳡̨ףųӦҪߵֳͨе
Եš
Ϊ·Ľһ£ҼŵȥԵֵ֣Ͳ·СЩ
ֱȵסԵԵһ£ַܿסˡ
ǰ棬Ҽץ
ֻھưǴΣʱҼǣ֣Ҳϵĵһǣ֡
죬ǵڶΡ
ҼƱһ㣬ָҲһ㣬Եÿ׳ΪԼƫݣָƫڹǽڷ
ŵֻ֣ԼָӯһЩϸȳƣָͷԲָҲ޼øɸɾ
ЩҼưȾǴ۲ġ
Ůӵ֣ǵڶ
ҼĵڶΪɣϲ
ʮ׾߳ľջŮҲӭ
Ҳǣ֡
ԸǸųһŮ
»ǻȥӪ¶Ӫɡ
ţԼxx
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û˵ַֺϺˣĻزǳ겻һ¾ֺͺˣ
˵׼xxôأֻºѽ¡
ĸˣΪŮҲö¸ĸġ
ȷʵпնȰȰɡ
úúãôȰҾôȰ
ԽԽԶҲԽԽС
ҼŶ䡰͵ָ󣬲ŷӦԼŽԵ֡
Ե֣Ϊע
˵ã˰Ͱ͵֣ζˮ·ˡɵΪԵԷˡ
ȥ¶Ӫ𣿡Ե˽ſָ
ûԵڲָ¶Ӫĵط˵ҪߣǶ¶ӪȤ
ʵȥ
ûС
ۻսᣬҼʶ˵УԵŵڶû˸ŵһ
ҪҪ»Լ¶ӪĻɲʻ˶ҼָǰĿڵҪǴǸ·ȥɡ
һ˵꣬ԵͷҲصسǰˡ
Ҽԭء족صֻ̧̾ͽԵչֿ˿̾úõԼˡ
ҹ
Ⱳӿ¾һˡ
żߵ˼Ե϶ˡ
⣬ϳǰԵԥһ£ʻǺ
ûҼΪӳͷ˺ĳš
⳵ǸĸǮȫġ
ҵ˵Ҫںԭĸͬ⣬ֻн֧Ըĸ˼빤Ҳǽġ
Ϊ˱ʾĹģصЩЩ˾ͳӡ
ǼҲǴ󸻴ҲһףҲû˵ҪѡһʮĴз㡣
Ҳһֹ
ڻҪͲֻǶѹˡ
ҼûмŷӡСͲǸ͵ˣѧҲǷ¶ҪΪԼ⡣
ְнʵ˵ǳڣ߲ϵظԼҽڣжΡ
ϰǸصģģǽǹ̡
ʶЩίԵٿҲԼʡֻᱻǽ飬ûе㡣
ΨԽԵϣһᡣ
ȫҸ⡣
úԣ̽Ե
Եദÿһÿһ룬ҶϧҵĿĲװġڱǰҪװǰװң֮࣬ҵѡ֮£ҶȥҲԸȥ͵øĺġҳǮȻҲܳǮⲻȥ
ûʲôⲻȥġܿɣˡ
Ŷ
ŰܣһСֱ˸۶ĬĬ֣εղѾõĸ赥
治ǡ֪񡷡ȱostǡҲԸһˡϧˮƿȾ˸衣
Եһ·ȴĪذѻˡ
ôҼĳҼʵġ
еҼܣǿʴ󷽵ģʵģܲŲæЦӦԡ
Ȼأʵ෴һɡ
Ҽĺ£ＫطԼ̫׵õˣԼûģݺʧȥ
ԵΪҼNɡ
ʵ벻ҼôϲԼôֻܸأ
һ罭ţֻʮӣϤĳ⣬ͣϤλãҼȽԵһ˳
ţЦӯӯظԵ˵ܶ˯ʮˣǵõӡ
ҲǣһСʱˡ
ĳζʧòؼЦ˯Ľ
浣ĽԵִһ䡰˯𡱣ȷˣϢ˾Ҫֱ֤ݾļ
ټԸҲ˯˯Ҳˡ
Եʧڵݼ䣬Ҽس췢Ϣ
Ҽ죬һ㶼緹𣿡
û룬ͳˡ
±༭죬ǹ˾ЩԳ͵ĵ갡ڱõģζУƼһ£»Ҫȥǧð£Ҳȥ
ϢҼʻؼҵ·յĻظҲҺˡ


15 
ϣûҼɫ
һ˶͹˷˲ڣԵ쵼Ҳڳ͸ù˼ʲôҷһСܵˡ
ܣƾ˵컨׹ҲȲϵĺÿ˵ϣһͶڹ±ʱó֤ǧüŵȷûҴƾʵĿڲ̵ˣ̸á
˵ǣ¸µݱһ㿴ƹ㷽ĳЧ£ʱػƹ㡭
˵أô˵Ҳ´λϰѵ߻ϸύֻҪǵķЧУԤ㲻⡣۳ĬĽԵͷضˮˡ
¹ѻŮǳըҩˡҼ˿Ӱ죬ϱʼǱԣתͷԳºΰͺ麣ϼ˵ȥǰ̨Ƭ̣Һͽܻм仰Ҫ˵
˶뿪ˣԵҲ˱ӣ˴˶ӣԺʲôȥҰ칫˵ɡ
һͶµȥȣպڽԵҼذ칫ҵʱ͵
ôҸ
Լһ
ܾͱȡЦˣʸ񰡣Ҽй˵˵ˣҲвôõ˰˵Ż׼뿪գգ۾
ҲǲԡǰòűԵˡ
ҲȡЦˣ˵ôáнͳɳ˽ܵĽ̵ָܵ㡣ͽܻйҪ̸ɣҾȳȥˡ
ʶҼͷһξԼһŮ˸áˡ
ҲѹֽԵҪôҼ
ҼС麣ϼԼƾϵЩŮԴ򽻵ȻҲǴĻ˵ǻʮ㡣ദʱԶְꡣ
վڽԵĽǶȣԵҼرԴʲôվĽǶȣ
ͬ³ɽħҼ򶯡ˣ޶ԣ
һȥԵӡ
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СһڿȣָǣǣԺÿܶμѾʽõ˹˶ĵ
ԡû˵
ͽ۽ſַŴ󣬰ǧõܽܶźãҪԼ鷳Ҽԭг
ҲǸԵ߿࣬뵽ʲô˵ʲôˡ̹
ҸҪְĻӪгңչϢϢءܼĺظĳ˽˷ֹ
磬Ժÿλ鶼Ҫëˣ򹤲װԵ˵ˣҿԸ˵˽𣿡
˲ԣ㣬οԡ
ʲôοԣ
ͻķϡԵָָϻˮȥϵĻ飬컹ϡ
嵽ģһܵʱ䣬ʱ䣡͵Ȼûл
ΪèԵʣҼǲԼжûˡ
ⷿסʱҲ죬졣Դè֮ΪĻƿ
û
ԭƿĻҲܻôõˢ֪
Ȼ
ǲǵ˽ԵźúͲö֪ˡ
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ǻԱͳſڵͼϣÿ桭⼸ӦùһµˡҲһܵҲûôȥ
ҼЦ޺˵˲Ÿ̧ۿԵԷҲôӵͼƿ̧ͷ
㲻棺ԵһҪúóԷٳԣһҪԡ彡Ҫģ֪𣿡
˵գֱһʣµĿȣǣˣټ
Ҽߵúܿ죬Ƶġ
½ԵסٰѵͼͻԱظ¶죬ܵÿ
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˹ǿȴ󣬾ѹʳϢɣȱͺ׻θЩõϰߣԵռˡܽ
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Եԣܺá
Ҽţҿܼѽ
ںλ㿴ҿ㡣ԸΪˬʵĳºΰЦСս㣬ǲǴӽǶ̽ʲôľˣ
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ϺŽԿ׳ıϾС
Ҫʵֲϵɣʳǣ͵ÿԼ˫ִƴ
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νɱģǿְɸ

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˵յҺ˿ˮĵ绰ˡ
ڲϢǧǱߺ˵¹ʣϽȥֳǵðǵˣۼ⣬һκθţ
ã֪ˣ̸ϹȥҼ˵绰ͲͨԵĺ룬˽
ԶҶϺֲĵ绰ô˽ˣι죬һ𣿡
ϸҼ㣬ҸܺǶǧĿߣеͻ״Ƚϼ֣ܻˣûҲȥҽԺżôأ
Ķˣϲأ
˵ǽŤˣҿ۵ӡ¥ϵ¥£νԵſȣ鿴
ŤˣûѪͺáҲõϢˣʲô飬ʩ¹ʣ
Ҳ̫˵ڽд¥ĵˣûжơֻǱΧȺڿ˻𾯰̬Ūˡ
˽⣬ھ͸ϹȥҪչ˺ýܡ
ǧӪģڽԵͰͷʼԱ˵ĽͺֳԱڳߡ
ŽԵãͷʼԱ˼䣬Ե棺Һ龪һֻʩԱ⡣ҲˣӦòд⣬ǼظˡҸкǵ˻ȫϡ
Եףࡣ
ҺһĿĸˣ˭ܲˡ
ĵ绰ˣĸ״ġҶϻϢԵڵȥӰɡ
쵽ӵ绰żʵعĽԵ˻ðɣոڴ¥̫ڣͻȻлðҲǹײİ
ȷʵǹײԵײƵҲֻĽԵˡ
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ԭӪǣӵԵĵ绰ŴæȥԵ
䣺ô˵ѽҪҪȥҽԺ
Եֻҡͷ˵û¡
찵԰飬Ǹһͬ¥ģа˵ڰ·֮һʮ¥ߵ¥㣡
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Ҽ·Ͼʹ绰ź˹ִӪʱûҰΧڡ
ڽԵǰ¶ǣеʣû°ɣֻŤˣô˵ģԼ·˵İɣǲĸ۵㣿
ԵҼĵеĹػһ˿ů⡣
˵
ɶǰʲôӣ
绰ҲҼ·꣬Ҽ㣬Ҿ˵Ǹ۵˿ܻûߡ
Եʲôû˵˺ĵһӦҼһµģ˽Եŵµġ
ҪȻúõһŸ߸ɽĳŮˣ¥˽ŵ
˿ҼЬֿ˿ԼģǴЬҼ˵ǲСԼ˵Ļš
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ɲɣҼǾˡ
˽ԵǸ۵ˣɲ˵
ߡһ·߸Ьȵ쳹˵ģЩ
ԭҲڰҼϥ·ոնֻΪ˸ԼĿϵĻҳ㡣


16 
ҼǹңԵѺҲʶԼľֹףϾǧӪģǳĵط»Ͳˡ
ڣý
ƾԵһ㣬ҼƤЦǷǶԴ˳Ͳõ
ºΰ˵ĻҲ˵Լ
Ȼ˵˵ôѶȵġԴ˵ֶβɾͰˡˡС
˰ʲôʱ
ɣ
ҪںԭԵˡ
⻰˵ģǧõĴĿ¶Ҳ˭ڣ
ֺҼȲˬˣ˵ʱԵҲơ
ǻﻰ˼ʾԼǧԼǧĿľԵλ˵ǴȨյΨһƵģѹѽԵλܼ
Ǳò𣿡
˸ԵԵɳĿĲԶǵŽԵҼ
ƶȻţҼԾԵЭ벻Э֮š
վڽԵɳԵҲɵôʮ־Լ쵼ûܳͷˡ
죬ܵˮ
ˮ
ԵָѸ˼ˮˮǵˮ
һˮԵģԵûȹ
ϵֽλס˶ԵߣҼȺȿˮɤ
ʱԵҲҼӣ΢΢ͷ
ͷϣ˵ʲô˵ܻ쵽߲ĶɵӣҲô׾ͶܱƺŪġ
žߵ۾ѩģҲǧ̸ڵ˼ʹϵУһƬڡ
ڲˣվΪǣֺοҼأҪһЩǡ
յԵʾҼҲܿԼԽԵЦ¡
ˮһں˸ɾ

һֽӽͰת
Ҳٴιº͵Цܣҽӵָʾ͸˲ͬ¶һȥ˵绰ҲȺ﷢֪ͨþЩŷ˿ӡ
˵ϬؿҼҿһǧ㲻ӡ
©֮ġ
ίԼǱί׵öࡣίȫˣڲҲʦͨˡ
ӦεĻ
ҼԼûʲô˵˻˵ˡǲ뿴ԵίԼ뿴ѹԵ
ǧõˣ֪ڲж༤ңֻʲôɣ
ȻԵ˳⣬㹧˳źžǣԼĸԵҡ
λȨأһ棬ֵҪ¶ҲˣʣµĶС¡Ͻգ½ӳĿǣοۣ
ҼֺһѹάĻ
̽Ŀ⣬Ҽϲ賿ǰǵ˶ְۣһңѵҲôǿ˴˴ͻ¼Ľԣնû˸иܷġ
ֻϽߣϸ鿴ԵĽˣбҪȥҽԺ
ҲӲһأ廰ܣܵĽ˵òᡣҪԲߵĻҾͽȥҽԺˡ
Լ쵼һֱҪԵȥҽԺ
ǧ֮ѡΪ飬ȻοաԵҲڣܣҿûʲôˣ㲻Ҳһһȥȥˡ
԰Ҳ㶼ˣܵĽŻš
һת쿪ҲǵģΪܵôڻֲػ͸õһʱͽȥҽԺţҪǵʱǽܲؿǺã˭㵣𣿡
ۿһǵͨ죬ҼܲıƫƫҪ
̱Ĺź
׼ǰ˸塱Ӫģ۲Ĳˣ¡
ԵȷԣҽԺȷȥȼˣҲܰġ
Լ۸Ҳô¡ǿöҲ
Ļɫһ
ҪǽԵԼ˵ȥ϶Щѿ
׼˽ԵմȾǷǵӣŰ衣ˣҲֻԼ
аɣҲˣǸ԰ʲôȥʲôҲˣˡ
۰һߣҼֻö徻£ɾˡ
ȥԵܣȥҽԺ
е
Ҽ˼Զ
û¡Եֱ죬ίˡȻؼҰɣҸ˵¡
ܡ
ĴҲϡ
ոסᣬ̲סˡʱҼҲļ˵ܵġأ㻹İ쵼𣿡
ûõӦҼ۽ԵʣܵĳҲ棿
Եûػشţܵĳڵͣ
ͽԵӪģԵԽӴ˺ü߼ͻæߵ࣬˲Űѿͻߡ
ûͣЪϢԿд¥Ǳ߾ͳˣûҲˡ
Ҽ̾Ҫæˡ
ʲôæת
Ǽҽܵĳҵĳ⣬ٴ򳵻ؼҰɡҼҲֻǲ²Ե쿴ʵƣºͽ깫£ҾȥǽˣһްˡҲˣܸǰά˵ġ
쿴Եʾܣ
ڽԵߵʱҼԵӴʱö࣬ԼҲףֻǽԵҼȴԵֻǼҷǸѡ
ǸûõԼ
ǣܽͰҼչˡԿױͻϣҼ㣬ܻû
ģֻˣҲûˡ
ҼһѽԵչ˵øãľ뿪
ãҼලԡҼ⻰ǿŽԵ˵
ллҼ㡣мҲѹĵףֵ𣬡ܣҼ㣬ټʱҴ绰浽
̫ࡣҼҲ˻֣ȥúϢҲûԷɣǵóԸҹʲôġԼ˵浽õʱûˡ
֪ڿЦЦŴ֪ˣһȥȸ׷ιȥġ

տ۴ֻʣҼͽԵԼſڵİԱ
ûڳҼҲй˼ɣֱȥԵȿ߿š
ұ߽׵ӳ˵û£׳ˣ
ԵַסҼļ磬ֹ֣
ҼΪ۵òͷ˵ãҲھȥҽԺ׼˵
ԵĬҼĬˡ
վѵúǿƵ˵ˣĩϢкôôһܼ࣬ȱϯһûܰôɣ˾ߵҲæѿ飬ҲֻԶ̰칫𣿡
Ҳ˵ˣΪܼ࣬˽󹤡
Ե㲻壡
ҼŭѹҲ֪ѹҵñʲôҪŮǿˣ˭Ҳľ㰮ɡ㲻ʹ˯ž׵øһ²˵أڱԹԸȥҽԺܼ顣𣿡
û˵ȥҽԺ
ҼһôػŲ쿴Ϊ˹
㴩Ÿ߸Ь㣬ѡһұȥţҷȥ
ΪϺ˵裬ǰԼЬѸҴ𣿡

ҳ˵ڲŷӦ쿪ˡڴ߸ЬֳڿȻﱸƽЬ
㳵㳵ûˡ
Ҫܿ㣬˵׷ϡ
Ҳܡ
Ҽֹţֻź໥һ䣬ͰЬˡ
ԵĽҪôһĳ룬ҪôСһ룬֮϶ܴЬ
ԵԸ⴩ЬȻסûЬ½Ե⡣
ûԵҲûСϵļðˡ
˻ԴҼ˦ĳЩڻطŵӰһζڽԵȱߣסСȣ˼
̧ŰЬвҶſڵ˧硣Ƥ񣬲᲻˼
ôһŻԵĶзԵ˼
ƤģûֺΪġŮ
˵ǰɣˣ졢쵼а塢ȾƵˮС˵ǰɣɳϿ޿˭


17 
ԵЬҼվͷԼŴĽѾӡ
ˡ
ôȥɡ
Եĸ߸ЬʱԵסֱۣЬͬҵЬҲܴЬٳȥɣ滹мʩʯ
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°ĸ߸ЬڵϣԼϡ
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˽ԵͷһظܵԼڽԵǰġߴ󡱡
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ҼûæǰӣýԵԼƣң§㣿㿴ô߾ôѹȵףԽҡ
ɳϽԵҲϡ
ԵץҼҸ첲ҽһһմؾ۵õһ
ôۣҼҲĥߴˡ
ַԼϣץ·ҽűմˣҸ˵Լִס˿Ϸؿϣߡ
Ҽĳʱͣ·ߣǧĵؽ磬ûʲôʻ룬·
˳ǰҼûпĳţǴӽԵջ֣ΪץСۣԵһ¡
ʻţֽ̽λϵıȥ˺ϡ
Եİֵƣɲӣӻ˾ԼһµĹʴȥˡ
ŽԵϳǰɣСĽšȽԵˣŰѰø
ҼĳгѬ㣬װﲻ࣬ӾϹһСƽСľƣǰһɫĿͨڼ
һǸͨ
ں任˫ЬӣҼһϳֽԵŰڼ˧ɣ
ԵƿߣתͷϵȫͬʱܵءšΪʲôҪϲŮˣ
ҽѧʱرϲҲżжУҾ˧ľˡҼ쳤첲һżͷɱ裬Ѫͳ߹󣬵ʵһ־Ĵӣ

ôҪˡϵðȫٿԵҲٸƴڻǾȥҽԺ
ҽԺ˼飬ȡҩ̽ԵԵò񻰣ڼ仹ҼƷˮɳ
ҽעʱҼø棬ֻˡ
ʱԵȻҲĸݡ
ҼûôšˣζҲܶǷĺø𣿡
Ŀɿڴŵͺʲôǰ
ÿûӣȻǵóɡ
ŭĿԲɣҸ˵ˣֻŮ̸ȥδҲֻϲŮԵ㵽װҵʲôˣһٶҵƷУ
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ʲôŮʲôǷĺøУҲ͹˺ðɣҼָɱ裬ѿڶһ
⻰ֺܾߡ/ԡȻʵԼϲɱҲʵܻͷ
ǸĿڵҲǶèè˼ְġ׵ܵܿһ첲ô˻ôͲΣ˵ݵĻƣɱ־͸Ʒ£ֵñ𣿡
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ҼҪǹһҧ㣡
Ե˫ֻǰ޿֣Ƴۿ
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žž
ҼԼҴܵĿµĹǷ
ǰ󣬽ԵζǹѬζȫǽԵζˮζǴ//ҩ

صԵңҼæǰæ󣺡ʣضÿ춼Ҫϴˡ꣬Ұ˯ǰ׼ˣٻȥ
Ҽ߶߶ԵɳϹǣǴʲôʱʼɻģ
˼ңԼϤĿռ䣬Եࡣ
ҼҼߺֿЩЦվͳײԾˡ
һ·Ҳƽˡ
޲סҼߵԵϣСϡ
ǰǰǻ죬ҲΪ˭űɻġҴСǱݺʦͬѧ֤ΪľɵŮӣΪϲ˵ô໰ֲ졣ⲻ㲻˵Ҳ˵Ҫɵҽ˵ˣû˵ͷˣһҪ󣬽ȷ죬ÿ찴ʱҩҩֻҪ⼸ֵλָܻܻ·״̬ˡȥܻЩʹһ̡
ҲСӣʹʲô
ǣŮǿˣ
˲ֹˡҼԵŵİڷŽǶȣὫŵ״ƽ⡣
鷢ס۾
ԵֱԼסͷ˶
ֻͷÿ
߶䱻ԵָϸϸĦţҼŵôҳ΢΢㿪㲻ҪȥŲˡ
ԵЦЦ˸ڻʵɻɳãҲ˾ǡ
ϴּҧҼһںϲ׽ŪҼˡ
ϲԼǰ޴Ľӣϲըëӣϲϲ˵ϹϲۣϲεĹβ͡
Եۡ
Լе/̬ˡ
ڵλã˱ҼΪĵĻң̨Ǳ˹ȥ
վشǰԵһסôķӣ𣿡
һ˵ļңˣ
һһﶼ˵дգʲô״̬ҳֳľʲô״̬ΪԼУоûôԡö֮ϰˣͲԸ״ҲûҪơ
ܵļʲô״̬ƣǲƣֻȴƣ

״˺ü꣬Ҽϰһèճ
ԵҪܶʼ״ѽԵҲԼĲ
ԽԵ˵ˡ
ƣȴơ
˵Ե壬һ˴򿪻⣬ĽװϲãԺлỹ԰ڼҲ̽̽漸ļ˻᲻չ
˭ϽԵԣԽԽʡʡ֪ʣ
Ҳ̰ģҲøԶͦõģԸ㣬֪㳣֡
Ҽ̽еĻ⣬һСľʵȥ̨ҹ˳ܻ㱨¹
ԼٱԵáȥ̰ˡ
ǲˣԵǹҧǴοʼû׷Ź
ԵҪģ/д̼ҲֻҪһΪʲô˯˾ܵġ𰸡ֻҲҪˣ

ҼشСϡ
˴򣬽Ե濴ڵλá
Ůĺ룬ϵͷ壬ϵͷһ塣
Ҽл̣鿴Ϣ
ϵʱ󣬸һͨ绰ʾһжǵƿ֮У֤˿ڶڸڣҲȫء

Լ˶ʮӣҼСӻ˿
Եɳ˯ˣ
Ų߹ȥɳǸϣȡ±ִսƺ״
žۡ
һ£ԵЩƣˣ
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ôˡԵ̧žҪµء
ѽҼæסȣסҪʲôȥá
ԵϾؿҪϴ裬Ҫʲô
ϴ衱֣Ҽ֡룬ٴΰס˽ԵȣϴҲȱ𶯣ȥˮŪٽ㡣
ƽǲһ㣬ԵҵԡҲ󣬲ֻǸʪô򵥣ױ̨ϴ̨Ƿֿģϴ̨ǸģԡǶġ
ҲڵһʱԺнһΡ
ҹɫ죬Եԡϴȴסױ¶·ԵԡҾһΡ
ɲ֪̫ţΪ̫ûԵ򲻿Ҳȥ
࣬˰˸
תصҺ󣬽ԵҲÿơڰǰǰ׵ˣڵҡ
һˮʱ䣬ҼԵһ顣
Ҳû뵽ԼôԵ塣
С­ڸ//ô
ЩΪʲôŴ߶ƬƵһηˡ
룬ҪĳԼһŽԵxxƬ
̫ˣ
ôôɫ//鰹뷨
ԡ׷ˮҼߵϴ̨ǰͷ˺üˮͷʪ˲٣ʪشࡣ
žԼĵޣϰɣǸɫ//ӣ
һίⱲӳ˽ԵҲû//κ˰ֽԵ͹


18 
紺/ΣļһһУ಻ǸϷӡ
˼ɫ˼ΰޣжٻʱŶİĽ䣬жٻᾭò˥Ϊʸ־ļѻ
ӣڵιԵҼľŮǡ
嵽ҳڽԵڣԲǻ鲻Խ뵽Щضɬġֵ¡
֮顣
Լ˶ԼǲڱԼԽԵĸ
ҼֽɾͷϵˮҲ˲
һ߷Եµأһ߶ʱһСĽţʪˣҲϴ̫ã׶ˮڽ˻ָҾڿţʲô¾ͽҡϴٰһɴϷʮӾˡ
ԡңԵױ̨ǰжױ鷳ܰҰؼϹŵĺɫ˯ȹý
Ŷ
ڶ̤ԵңҼûơ
Ŵ͸¹⣬ؾͿȡ˽Ե˵ɫ˯ȹ
Ŀⳤ̣Ӧǹϥˡʣ
ųʹô˿˯ȹ
Ҳúðɡ
ȹӸˡҳȥˣ㵱Щߡ
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СʱԼȴҲ˳ϴ裬˯ȹִӳó/㴩ϣԵžˣһҲص⡣
û/£
ƽҪ졭Ҫ
ǣҼİ׼û˵ŵ˵Ȼʦ߹Լ
Ʋӵȵƽкȡ·ϴ̨ǰϵˮһˤ
Ҽԡҷ򷢳ֵһȱ˹ȥ
ţֻԵ˫ץסϴ̨أʧȥĵذſ̨ϣϴôң
ЦЦҲ𡣡Եûô˹
˽ԵվãԭûЦҼźǺЦ˵Ŷȳ˻ܣ˵ʲôã
ԵվȺֳ̧°ͷëͷɢǰڵãĳˤĽųŹۡ
ô£
Ҽߵ˼Цңǲ㺦𣿡
ͬһʱ䣬һʹСӵץŶԷ첲֣һҲиͷ
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ʱͿֹˣҼͷֻ/ҲǣҲǣάĪڴˡ
ٿԵ겻ĵĮ˿ѾܵγѪˡ
ֲ˭˭š
ԵҼʿˮԼ࣬ǲҼҲܸоõ
˵¶ԽԽߣֹḶ́Ҳ̡
Ե
ҼѾŵֽŷ飬޹ģͷðԻˡ
ܣԵ˫ֳ̨棬Ҽ̵˵ģά򶨣Ҫط䡣
Ҽ֪һģͽգСתŽԵĸ첲Դҡ
սչԷӲظ˵ܿԻȥˡ
Բ治ġҼ̧Դ̬ȳϿҵǸȱȥѱߡ
ˣ׹ˡ
ôˣԼ͡ͳɵͽأ

Ůѽ
ҪýԵ
ˣ߰ɣһƵס
ˣˡ
ܲãҼּˣô忪ЦأţҺܿ죡
˵תܳңӱóһͬ޲ס
ٽңԵѾӸס塣ԵûϴͷҲõͷûɡ
ĿܿȫҸҼ˳ֻŵԵͷֻˡ
ȻعűߵĴأƿӣסͼصҽţҶǸˡҪ𣿡
졣
ŶˡҼְŪҽš
ͷ˵һ㣬ֺƱ𶯰ҷź˱Ͳˡ
ԵҲ˵ƫͷһߡ
˸˵ȥɡ
Ҳֹס룬Ҽû͵͵ڵǣΪ¶Σ
ҼûܣڵӦûܰĺĵؽҼɣҲûͻˡ
֪͸ٹܴû/µˡ
˴ʱľȻͬ
Եһ䡰ԡҼľ궯ˣҲʼˡ
Ů˲ܡáúҼʹһĽģֹ˼Ľˣָͷ˴Ľָͷ
ﻹдʣôôѽ˵Ͳˡ
źûУ
Ե޿ˣתͷбҼҪ˲㡢ˣֱһ߹ȥˡ
˺ˣϾͺˡ
ҼŽԵռռСˣþաŭˣʱԿͷĲԼ
ŪñͷӸһЦضŽԵ飬һǷҰ
С˵־ܺã
Եٴذɡ
ҼĺƤǴġŽԵͻȻǰ㸩
˫ֳͷߣЦʣܶôˣڼҰ칫ȥ˾ɣ
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ԵɣԼشģһһʲôȴָͷ/ֵ̬ľٶ
ֱ
ܣ
ȥ
Ͷ͡ĻشҼֱӡ
ټû˵ڣִȥˡ
αȸոմյûܽԵϵĴƿһ
ĿθڽԵĺ촽ϡ
СɵĴ飬촽ôʿڡ
Եĺͷɢע
Ҽŵô⼸ˣٰ뻻˾ǡ
Ҽ֮Զ׼⼸춼Ҫ緹ȷҩϢ
Ҽע£Ե촽һһϣȻ㡣
߷ֱƣԸ
ӦáҼԵѱſģ
ܻ̫࣡
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Ҽߺ󣬽Ե̧ܵ棬ƽԼ˺ü
һֱ˸߰ǿߣмڱͷŵİĽ֮ѱرա
Ĺ¸ͭ׷ߣͻܶӡ׷ߣֵܼܾԼ䡣ڻƽ𼶱׷ߣҲˡ
һھƽѧĳƽ֡һھƽҵʶĺ飬ײǽջͷ
Ҽһλ
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Ҽ׷߶ᲢۡΪҼΨһһӽˡ
أȴ֪ôԽԽˣ̵ĻԼġơ
˺һԵƽ
Ҽڴͷֻٴ˹ϢȥҼδϢ
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ԼôֻͣΪȡ׷ڹϵΣ
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Ե101109 
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ڳҼŽԵظ룬¶ӰЦݡ
˾ʱΪΪڱصãɴˮҳԼԤڷչʱȴֺ֦ӡ
ɰǣɰ
仰˵һû
ԵܿƵסȥ밮
ҼˣһҪʾҵı𣿡
Եԡ
ҼҾͶ
ԵûٻظҼϢ
ЦŷֻпҼ´ͺûƢ
Ա䲻Ҫʲô

ùˣ٣Լ١
ҼصԼСĳ⣬ֻ췢δϢҼ㣬û𣿡
ŽԵӦѾϵˣȵ칫˾˷ûȥϰ࣬ĳЩʽôû
Ҽô˵ģôɡ
Ҽ죬Ҫ쵼ǽѣİѽ
죺ðɣ֪ˡ
죺ĺллҼ㡣
ҼҲҪл㣬ڽܺǧͬǰ˵ûǶҵӡ󶼿ɺˡ
죺Ҽ˺󣬲ô˶ϲ㡣
ҼǰǰҶһĺ˿[Ц] 
죺кñ[͵Ц] 
ҼҲ֪ñʲôɶʱҪĿԴ[ٺ] 


19 
㣬˯ʱǷ죬ǵȥ˯ذĩƵġȻһ죬èûѣҼһͦѪˡ
ϴױѱȥиԼʳҲװˡ
ߵ㣬ͽ˽Եļš
101109
Եλ룬յʱ᲻֮ģ
λ1109ָʮһ¾źŵĻǰλ10ʲô˼
ֻʮʮһţ09ָʲô
ֿԴĺ̫ˡĸйأҲһǽԵԼա
Ҽûپᡣ
ݺҲûȥԵû𣬶ɵڳְͣŽ緹˶ʱ
æ˳£ԵҲϴ꣬һҾӷ
ҾӷţҼǳ⡣
áܽӴҼҲˣСܹȥ첲ȳ緹˷ٰ󡣡
ԵϣûϵͶЩʲôСȾͱҼסˡ
ļҾӷһǳɫ֯ȹȹڵСȶǵλãҲΪ˱ڸױҩ
ҽű̧棬ҼͶֻ࣬ܿҼͷ
ôоҪ˰
ԵҼͷһѹͣеİͷͷһʣһţҪԼĽš
ҼСȲҶͷüͷһ壺Եǲ˯ѹˣ
ûС
˯ƽɣٲ˯
ֻ˯ǰ͵͵һЩﲻҼĶѡ
־ﲻԣôҼʻֻġšڹˣ
ͱųˡҼĽţվѵ˵ĹؼڣԹԴڼ߶õÿ죬ܺܿϰࡣҪǳܼƣֻСʧ֪𣿡
šԵƵӦ
ŵģ̬ҪŶǽſԼģʹҲʹ
Ҽݻ棬Էɡ
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Ҳֻĸ׼ңһܳԵļҳˡ
Բԣûʵˣһܺʱһ̻Ҳе巳ˡ
ӽԵһûʵס
ĳ˺Եĳɷ֣ΣſֻڽԵǰNɪǰɣҲղ
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κζȴСһˣĵ汻ϡ
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Ҽ߶µʡԼ˳Ļһ䣬ԿԴҲûЦˣͷ
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ᡰաԼҲҼ𻰺ŲСһ˫ء֮ӡ
ҼСһȦӣӦڸɫЦҼôĵӣҪǸЦҲӦƤЦؿ
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ҲҼǸ쵰ȤˣӦǷ롣
ԼǲǵͣǷˡ
Եҳ𣿡
Ҽ˱˹ԣҳϣҾֻֽϻ㣬ȤңҪ
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ԵϲķѾϲˣ˵»ءԵҲӦԼˡ
ܵĵӺͱ¶úܣҼʶҲ̹㲻¹顣ԵŻϣԼպҼбΪһֻĸϻĴڣ԰ɣǶбҪ
Ŷ
ҼѵôȵģԵҲи
ʵԼҲʶˣҧҼҼͽһϾĹȦ
ΪΪųߵҼҼţҼңҼԼ˼ҼϹ̹Ͷϡ
ԼأֺγùˣҲһĻţһ
Ҽϻ۹ˣҼûʶ
СϷҼС˼Ӳ˴˵۾
Ҽǿ͸ʲôҲ޷׼ȷĴģĴװġ
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Ҽ㵽ͼʲôأ
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ͣҼս
ԵѵǶɣϴʰ
ϴҼǿ˵ģã϶ȽϴæʱҲûʱо
ʱ䣬ȥ˾ñץסѱ
УҾͲϴˡ
ϴִӳ򿪱˱һֻȥԵĵ緹㹽࣬ʮ㣬ʮٴ򿪰ɡθСóԾͳ룬ҪóԾͳһţһԣġ
ҼĻԵӷᣬǲԼжûôԹˡԵáᶼ첻ܿˡ
һοޣȥʱ
һοޣǰ׹ʱ
֮ǰûԼסʲô岻ģʣ칫ĹܶһӦȫ
Ҽ˺һᵽġ
ͱʱ˿̣Ҽġò壬Ҳ¶ȡ
Ҽ̸Ȼ˵šһԡ·ļҡ
ֲʯͷģֻͱһ˵ĸ䡣ǸԣҲΪ¾Ϳ޳
ϡ㣬ܻ𣿡
ѽ
ԵһصˣҲƾĳֻ֣Ҫв«ưͳ˲
Ҽ죬ͲðʱֱӲʮСʱ
š

ϰ࣬Ҽڿҿңë
ǧ¹ʣС»ˡ
ϣҼͽԵڡҡﹲ˱˴еĵһټҳ͡
ڼﹲͺͷĲﹲȫͬʣһҼ鶼Ƿƶˡ
ޱ˷ܣôһ㲻ʵ
ĽԵҲرͣر˵ķ˺óԣĹڹϵ´˳˳èòһЩϲãҽ̻ôʹϴ
ԡľûٴη
ԵҲûΪϴòô¶ᡣ
糣糣ͷ
ԹϴҼһ
ź˱Ҽûߣڴ̨ϣûȥĸǱߣ죬˻𣿡
ϵĺףϻҲһʱ˽Եˣࡣ
Ǹ׵ͱ۷ѱһȺ۷ȻֵӲʩȥҽԺˡ
ʲôѪħǸϧԵСƨ
Ҹĸϵˣ˵ĩ²ȥǵġ
ԵһҲû徻Ƶ飬Ӧ򣬻Ҫ
ҪĵѾˡ
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ҼǺ޲װʵʱأʳסȫȨȦڼﵱèӣʲôøϾģ
ҼһֱҧĹϣǱѪûɹڡ
ʲôĵĿԻѴɡ
õ㣬ĵ㣬Լⲻӭж⣬뵱µĻ䣬ͬܵġ
䱾ûʲôǳþõġ
Ǿ͵ãһ֮ͬˣһһΰɡ
ֲΪأ
һƯȥȥܻһЩˣҲܻһЩˡ
˭֪ߵǸ˻˭
ڴ㲻ϣյաԼ۰ˣöԳϦİ黳ڴġ
һôУҼ˳ƶϣҲûİţһɡĩ˯Ҵžŵ㵽緹Ҳ
ԵЦܲ鷳͹ɡ˺ˣٶԼٿĵرʱ緹ҲС
ĽԵ̫ˣ͵öˡ
ҼһյദԵǰҲй͵ʱ򣬾ھưɵһνģԼǰڶ԰ҹǼ˵Եһִ㺵˶֪
ɽԵ̹Ȼúƾ֮
ҼȻʹ˵
ϲ˵ͨѵĸожʹѾһ˰ôصأ
ţ˵ټҼ첽뿪ң뿪ǽԵϢĿռ䡣
Թ˭أԹү𣿿찲ͽԵͽԵԱ˴ио
οܳԵҲ̸˼ˣհǰ˺˵ҪͽԵѵģԼ
ǻãʹһأû󣡻ù¶ϣ


20 
ҼҴһҹԼҪѧѵݶԴԵʱ̸˵޾ѹʱ໥οȡůҲܺ
òˡ
ֻлζһ¸Եӵĸоûˡ˵֣һԵһĴȥĳ嶯ˡ
ֻҪнԵڵĵطһֻڷ/ڵҰޡ
Եһ񣬽Եһ˿ζԻΪԭʼǷ
δй˺ֱײĹǷҲδ˿/õͷšĺʹȴԵҪ
//ӵǸϲƷֳúÿŮˡ
Ҽһҹû˯
賿ȥϴһˮط󷭳һոµıʼǱһһ߳ʡ
Ե֣֣д
Եϲʲôأ
ҪԼˣϲô죿
Ҽħҹڹ˺ü
˺ſ˯ˡ
ȥԵңѱʼǱҲˡ˳˳Էʱ䣬ͺıġ
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ǧĺƴ󹤳̷סլҵ̰
ĿǰסլĿʱ6Ѯ
ȵļӴµĵÿͻƱػ֮ӣȻҲͬʱζţǼ˫ľ
Ե鷿칫Ҽڿ
Ӫĵ˿һƵ󣬽Ե˱ˮ
ֻҪһҼ˾ͻûкҼ
ǽҼڲԡ
Ҳϡ
ʶؾ̨Ǳ߿ȥǸͷǳɫñȹŮſԶķ羰
ȹǸյϥǵĳȣбգһ˫ֱ޳Сϣ׹⣬׵÷
СľϣűʼǱԡ
ȥ̨칫ˣ
Ų̊жӡ
׷ʱҰܹ۽ȷʵ֮һ
סԼȴµ̨;
ƽÿڼʱҲʮСʱңȥ˯ʱ䣬ʣ༸Сʱϴױ칫ռݡ
ոһգһöתݡ
ûиĻˣдõĳҲܸ֪ζֻǣ᲻κҪı״뷨ˡ
ԵˮȣûзҼ;ˡ
ˮɳܿҼλ£뵽ʲôյЦЦ
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ҼһֱվţԵѵӵֵ񣺡ˮ㲻𣿵ӿ¿
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ҼӦתֽиʪֽõ̱ϣýԵ֡ԼӲ輸һ˴Ȧ˽Եֱߵɳϡ
ˮúܾȣžͺóԵӡ
Ե֣һŲݮű֥Сĺɫ
ùϴϴģÿһŶϴ˵ġҼΪԵڿˮƤϴûϴɾæ͵
ţ֪ܵջ޿ޡ
ݮ˽ԵҧţŨĹζӯſǻ
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𡣡
һҲãһҲգǿ޵Ļɱ޵ǸˣȴôҲ˲
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Ϊʲô𣬻Գ˿ζأ
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Ҽһ٣ֽ˲֣ǿջЦܻ۽𾦡ֵС⣬˼Ÿôء
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ԵĿ⣬ڹУҼһֲȫɡ
СУ
ԵϢ˵̸̸ֻ顱ǴΣԵͬ˳ǧĿ飬˵ͻһ·ˡ
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Ѻõһ죬ƽ档
Ҽ뿪ǰΪԵȷֻԵϵľˮȴԵƤµÿһϸĴս
ԵõԼ̬ܵķӦҲ޷ٿġ

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ֻϣûпûмסĳࡣ
ôôأ
ȫûüԵ˵׼
ҪҲʹԵˡ


21 
˸ʱӰͬʱҲҪù·͡ʧ棬Ҫõķ棬ֹԣܱٿǡ
ȰοһҼظڼСգеߣèĵ֡
Ŵ˶ȥ̽ĸŮһȥҡ
أĩҲڼң
ڣ֪ҪŽ˵ȥˡڼӣڴϣﱧŶŮ
ң
ܲ˵㶼ٻˡ
Ǹ㻹ۣ
ӽԺֻоо㡣ﾡᣬûû᲻û롣
Ҳ㣬ооҼοооںܹѽ޲֣ұ
û£ҲˣóС׽׽ȻЩˣ뷨ˣƾͲ˭ܱˡ
Ҷ
ҼرооĺţӺģҲ˯϶Ἣۡʱ˼밡ٶԼϾʵʲô߿࣬ʱҴ绰ҼʲôʱסСԱ˴˵ļͥ鶼֪֪ף涼ûʲôñܻġ
գģҪǸˣ޸ŮһҸˡ񻶸жġ
жԣ׼ޡȥû˵ʲôɣ
˵ʲô
Ҳǵ顣
޳ȥŮóȥˮû޸ǮȨϹǳѾǶҺʧˡооǸŮǸϲֻ۰ӣǾöӸհҵҪ۾ǧ߳У߲ʱܲҵһнĹܸܲһǮȨǵĸТ˳ĺöϱ
Ů˼ҲֻһвУָٹ̵ĴͳҲı䲻ˡ㲻˵㶼޳ˣһڵ£ٲġ˵ˣҿźضϲооǺǳ谮ооὡֳġ
صĸѧʱȥˣһֱĸסһĸǽ̤ʵصˡ
ҼҪҲڴϷһ
ͨϴε̽Զ϶غͺϲооûΪооŮʧӡ
ˣ˵Щĵˡ˵˵ɣôˣ
һ
Ҳš춼ˣһû
Ķôһˣǰˡ
գ̹׸ҽ⼸ǲǻŴʶǸˣ
ûС
ûвŹ֣ˣһٳٳҲܷ˰ɣҲûʽ̸˭
˵ûСҼʮط񶨵ҶǲʲôˣĶǰ
ۡЦôУӦûˡ
Ҳ˵Ƿаɡµסˡ
ΪͽԵһϵǶغͺѷԼ˵ϲˡ
İˣù⡣
ţǷУþۺɢÿһζģֵñ
Ҽ˸ۣΪֹܹҲͶġ̸ȴ̸ֻһκðɣ
˸˦ˡ
ֱ˱񻶣ˣΰ󡣡ооһڣоо趼һܳñǶÿ
ҼЦĺ񻶣׻ǺۿŮⱲӣԼʳ˲ҲͦáգҺооԶļˡ
ǿ϶ѽҲԶҵļˡˣҪѪԵŦΪ飬Ǽ֮õǣ

һϰܻ࣬Ҽյ˵Ϣ
ô͵Ѯˣ
ĩȥԭɣ
ĺൽԼ䣬ĩҪʱҳԷ
Ҽԡ
Ҽ١㼸ĺࣿȥ㡣
ðлл
ԼСʱǱ߰ѺϢ;ƵϢͼ˹Ҽ˸okı
ǷģҪسŵȻǷ
ĵϣҼûܵѡȫ̶ǺĵӣýԵ˵ͷֻƵʺܸߡ
Ҳǵһġ
ͶԽӽ˵Ǹˣƽ̨˺֤鸴ӡҪȡڽǧȫƽ̨úøƲͬ¹ͨȡЭҼԺ麣ϼ
õסһȥǰ̨㡣ⶼǹˡÿػˣǵСս㶼ȥܰ칫ҵġʮӣһСʱ
š
ͨᣬֻҪǽԵģҲҪ
ҵһ򿪺ţȥ׼Ե칫Ĳ
Ⱥ麣ϼ˸֪Ҽȥ칫Сǹ
ǰ̨СѰ죬æСܹеֹ˼䡣ɫ䣬ȥ˰칫ҡ
ٴӰ칫ҳʱɫѿˡ
ԵҼһǰһ߳ң칫ǰСԽԵ˵ܣʱյҲˣ˵ܵģһˡ˺ܴһʻ͸ܡСǻֱȽĻŽ칫ˡʱ䣬Ӧܰ칫ҡ
ǿ˺ܴһǾǺܴһˡ
Ҹս칫ҴԿһۣû´Ӧǡ99õ塣
ô۵ĻСȻڹ˷ˣҲֻ·Žܰ칫ҡ
ټˣҲٰ
ҪбҪæҽˣͷϵ
ҼòУԼᵽܡǴùģǧõĵϣھƾֻ¡
Ե͸ڰ칫ң˼ϵˡ
ְ/ɧţ
ҪɧţôҲ֮Էк֡
Ҽ㡭
캰һͬʱץסҼǽԵֻץ˼룬Եˡ
תͷ˵죬֪ҵԭҲϣҵİ칫ҿҲϲĶ֡Ǳһ͡
ãȥѻҲ
ôһʺõ壬Ҫô
Уȥఢüĺɫϴסٶȥ
ҲǸ⣬ôô֣
õ͵
99䣡
Ҫڹ˾ˣǾֳЩ֮˲෹̸ˡ
ˡ
˵Цشһ칫ҳһԵͻָ˹еľǧ֮Į̬
ܱǸƷˡ
ͽİ칫ңٱӵʧǸ˵
һֻЦ滢Ž˵ˣΪ飬̽ӦõġҲϢͺ⼸ˣ֪ܾȻˡ
˵ſԵҼԹСҲǵģô£ôܲһأ
ԵҼ쿪ڣ´ǧãٴЩõĶǵĹϵܺܵĹϵƺһĺҪãҪͣ͸ܣܲ𡣡
ܣҳԣɲ˵ɹ²ؼϷЦ
һѣʲôܵܲģŮҵȷʻ֮Ҳ򶨵һ主ĻҲҼеˡ
ϰ嶼ˣܻ£˫ֱأζؿ˿ɫһ޵ҼͽԵ
ܸȥ칫ҰɣЩϸ㡣
Եƣ˵꾶칫ҷȥ
ŮӺϡ
Ůӹ֮
Ҽ֮⣬Ҳøǹս
Ͼ˳ͳһսˣӲӲԶʧ˼вѡ
֪ԵԼΧ˵ϣŽ˰칫ң޾ɵ¡
ﻹʲô̸һЪӸߡ
һƫͷеġһѡ
ҼҶ췢ģ治ΪԵ칫ҿ͵ġ
ǸɫɱǧģϹ۵ĻԵǲǰѽԵ˼
Ժ߹˾˵ôۺͿԵ
Ե֮ǸҼ˿̵СС˼
Ÿһܣʹ߸ЬˣȬһ㶼ʹ𣿡
ǰ죬ҼҲзϢĽԵĽ˻ָԵҲ췢
ǶõĶǻָõĻظҲûôˡ
ܾƽЬ
ԵĶġ
ްлܹġԵ˽ڰ칫ϿɲЦڼ͡
ҼϰΪԽԵ겻䵭ΪϤǻ˼ٿֱʣǹҪʽ׷ˡ

ϼ޻մǲݣǧҪᡣ
ʲôʱˣҲ˼˵մǲݣҿմǲݵĺ֡
ҾǸ㽲ʵҼͷɥ˫ֽ棬°͸ֱϣתתȥǲԵ
ܣ㵽˵ʲôԵ˵ŭӹȥһ̣ǧ֮ǰһЩĿϣԼˡ
ԵȻٹ˽ˣ
ҼֱСС̷ģסųһԵ΢Цллܡ
΢ЦǽԵԤֿĵҡβ͵Ц
𣿡
ԵĪꡣյĻȱǿĺ߻Ҫ
Ҽʱʱ˵̬ջԼŶãֲˣͷڹꡣ
ðɣӵذͰ͵ǰա
ûûС
㣬͡
Ŷ


22 
Ҽװֹ̣ؿԵȻԷͷڿʲôļȫٴ
Ȼû˵ټſߡ
ŲᣬҲֵǧؾʯ˩ϵҡΣεѡ
Եˡ
壬ȴ岻ˡ
մţźɫϴˡ
ܸˣ
šǡ
ĴӣѹȥҵôӦֵס㣬ܻûչĻޣٺÿĻелһ죬Ѿˡ
һڣˡǰԵ칫û͵Ļˡ
ĻҶѧġҼ㣬ȥˣֻϵ
áټ
лǻأ
ҼͷһۣѾˣҶҲڱպ״̬ԵԵġ
оԼҳһ̯ˡ
Ӫɱ
һɴŸԵˡţҪ˲Ҫ£ͷȻֱźһӣꡣ
һɴŸԵѡţҪͼҪҪҪŮҪٹ˼ҽܼĸ˽º͸⣬ʵʵַԼķڹרĸҵ
սңѪĽνʬҰ
ԵԵҪҵѽҼ̾Ϣţ뿪ǧá

°Ժ󣬽Ե쿪Ŀһҵ¥е£ѳ߰ɣҡ
ûʣ쵼ѣ
õĽܡ
ԵԳݣҽָĲˣ·Ҳǻ΢ʹҽţЦ
¥һè⿧Ȥѿ
ԭ򣬿³Լ֮⣬֪
ϰ壬λԸ͸¶Ůַָһǧ㻨ǮèķԱϰ㱨
ţ԰ϣַƽ¼ɡϰǸʮƯŮˡ
ԵҲǼǰżȻͬ߳ԷҵơӪĲôæʱ͵Ρ
ڿɳϣŴ⣬һ߸Լ˯ԲļӷèҲַƵܱܵ
ãллζַƵĹա
ǣ
ҵϰ壬h˲࣬ЩģһߣϹ˿ˣһʱ˵˵ϣûд㡣
hϸ壬䲻ȽԵÿҲŮһö
Ů˺ᣬԵĴڨҺϲҵ꣬Ҳϲè̸ϴ
˺˵h˳Ե棺İ֮䣬ʱ򷴶ĳǣԣ
ǸҲϲ죬Ҳϰ졣
û£˵
hԵİ֮ҲĵĹܻ䡣
hûʽԵ˭סʲô˽ϢҲ˵ĻֻؽҵĳԺһЩ룬ԼļֻèйصС¡
Ե仰٣ҲʱӦ跴Ӧ
СʱΪϲһֻèȴҵûйؽҵĴӸ¥׹¡ʱѹҲھΣҲû
еԵ־Ạֻ̊́ܶȥһȥһԵ
ţҺԵǳ
ʵҺҶ󶼶ë׵ܳԣèΪǶ˵ʲҵҿè⿧һҳꡣ
־ͬϵһʮѵãףǡ
лл
ʱhԵӪҿȵ꣬ҵҲϲãܰԼϲ鵱ҵĻһҸֵøжҵǣҺҵһӵͬ־Ȥ
Ǳ˴˵ˡԵ͵ʱ䣬Ҹˡ
áԵᣬ´лᣬҿԴȥĳ꿴Ҳ⸽˵
ţǾл˵ɡ
ᣬ˵ЩΪè㡣
ĺ죬Ҳ˼ֲֻһ˵ʱ򣬲ᡣ
ҷǳ׺ĸܣһҪһΣ죬Ϊ㵱ǱڿͻǾúͶԵ
ұĿͻԵЦ£ͶԵҲ˵Ǽ¡
ǾͺãΪҪַƵͷŽˡ
h˵ЦִΧȹĶַƵ5ƬƬҴַ㡣Һַƶܸʶ㣬ӭпճַʱӿ͡
ĹУַ˯λôɳŲӡ˿Ƭͽַƽϡ
Եԥһ£ַƵԴƬԱ䣺ԵԵ
ܺҲܺüǵ֡hףʾ֣̽ʣôƫַƣΪַƺ֮ǰֻèú𣿡
ԣ񡣡
Եδ׼èˣֱӸ˵룬ַԸؼҡ
Ϊèչ˲Ǳԭ򣿡Ե⡣
ֻèҲֻ࣬ǾַƺԵ㿴Ҳϲ㡣è˵ܹعͥһèҸ
Ǹڵ״̬ȷ̫ʡ
û£ֻǰѻ˵״̬ʺˣʱԽַߡʱأҷ99ǮĺС
hϵַƱıǼ⣬ַƣǲҲϣܸԵؼҰ99鵱ȻףͽԵ賤þá
ַһֻڰɫļӷèԲһӡ
Եֻﷳҵʱ˴ʱֻһȣЩƷ㣬һëӣ˯ûۻľóγ
èҲĵЧ
ǲ֪ҼֻëжɰǲҲأ
壬ҼУУݡ
Եǵ˽ҼĿͷûҼȦ̬ǣҼҲûиƬ
Ҽ߰ŮˣǷĵϲèèɣ

һʱ䣬Ҽʹ°࣬Զŵȥӵ
ڵ㣬ҼȵǸδŮˡ
ֻҼ࣬Ů˵ʮؿ
ִҪҼȴһһεԸ
صĺɫֱ磬Ŷõɫľ۾źɫѩĳ£ţףɫǦʿ㣬ɫϵЬ
ֺһЦ˴߽ȴ˭û˵кһˡֶԵЩࡣ
ҼԵ˵ĵһ仰ǵͷӹʱþò·ˣҰðɡ
׵ģҼָץסˣͱӵסӵûȡ
ǰǺþòп㻹ôۣȴˡ
Ҽ˿ŮõģǳԼϡ
ʶʱ23꣬ձҵãϻѧоһգ۵ĹʹӲµСﳤɰĴˡ˵ܲţôأҾֿԼСŮʮ˱οͻ̿֡οǣӦúܺãֵ̿ǣԽԽʶˡ
֮ǰ˵õġҼ˼ѵԽ硣
ôСˣ¾𣿡
ܡҼ룬ú㣬ǰ¾Ͷˡ
Уᡣ
Сʱ͵ԼԤľƵǼס
ɵǽһܱյİȫռ󣬵ûסȥҼ֣һҪôģһҪһ𣿡
ҼĮط֣ĻҶˣҾ͵û
ŮˣķǸˣ

ңӦĩң˵ǵȻôЩǶΪʲôദأ
ҳϣǰٲ£ᣬĸ顣ǰҾ͸˵úˡ
ҼҲҪĶԲֻҪһᡣֻϣ⼸죬ܳŰҵŮѣҺùһ㡣
ܡҼҡͷ˵һΣǲܣҡҲٷͬĴ󡣡
Һ㣬ֻһ𣿡ʡ
ˣ첻ʺھƵϢɡҼٸϣ˺һΣ˯֮ǰҸոո˵Щҵ绰
ߵſڣŰԹͿǻĺ˵⼸ûиŮûиŮһҹ//ǶԣΪʲôҲԣҼҶ˵ҲҪ㸺ֻϲôķϣͲغһ𣿡
Ҳ˵ˣܡ
֪Ϊʲôһ׼Ǹİһҹ//ˣ
ϲϲƿأǷĹǷУ˵İϴˡ
Եİˡ
һҹ
Ҳ
Ҽҧ߳䣬عš


23 
ڵĵţֻϣ˫סʧ
ʮӺˣҲҷʡˣҼȥһϢǸոûаպ÷ִ磬Щʧˡ㲻һֱ˵ԼܴΪոյʧ̬ǸܵǸĻң˵ҪȥóԺúȺģܲɣ
ҼáҲûߣֻһ¥õɳž˼
磬ҼȥҵʳѰɫСԡһſϦڽߵʯϡ
ζͺζһ
Ȼһ
ǵҵһθ绰ںߣ°·ϣҴ㣬˵
ھƵ˵Ļˡ
ҼµӰشվ£ԵӭҲٻǰˡ㣬ǳǰ𣿡
¼ǲŽʵ
ǵﶼһաʱĵ룬ǧԵһǣɣעԵֵˡ
ݰȨҪᡣҲЦվ̫ɡߵҼϣϦҲˣȥɡǿҿɲҵ
Ϧ޺ãֻǽƻ衣
ҼȥĵһҲһա
ǣֻ
㡭ôͿʼˣܾʮԺǸñ͡
磿˽Ҿʮ˺𣿣ôҶֲʣƤôãһСװִƵģϲҲӲȱһ²۵
Ҽ޻˵²еʹĻǾͼĶ/ŰҰɣҽܡ
ҾͿЦһ͵ˣˣСƢ

ȥһҽ˳Ա㣬ҪҼﵥԱҪ˶ʳҲȥѧУ
ҼǲԸģ̫ˣгȫѧУҲûʲôÿġ
ܴ죺ˣӦҪȥѧУġҲ𣿡
߰ɡҼЭˡ
ĳͣ˾Ƶ꣬Ȧ򳵱ȿ㡣
ɨ뿪һ
Ҽǰ·ҹɫгؽ´ͨѧУ·ԭҼ۶ܷ巽·Ρ·ŵϰٴΡ
ʮӣѧУȴֻۻع˲СʱؾƵꡣ
ҼҲգ߳Уſʱ˵Դ֪ΪʲôҪﳵΪѧУĻ䣬ҪģһûģֻҺĻ䡣ǲǺĻ
ˣҼҲԭѧ
û
͵ѵʱ򣬰ѵ¡
áǸŮˡ֡
ЦúܼթҲᣬҼĵŮ˵ÿһ仰ÿһЦǲù
һ̰ɡ
ܻûҲҪ
򳵻صƵ꣬ˣ˵˾䡰ת¥ûǿҼţҲû˵Щ/¶/ǵ黰ͨˡ
û˿طĵſڴϿ޵жѿ
˼ҵҼƣ
оܾûô۹ˣϵģϵġ
ڻЬ˼ӣڼſڴӭؼңȵУݣɳ
УݷſҼʽȫĦ
СèʱͱҼӻ˼ңʱҼⷿסˡ
Уȹһһμѵʱڡ
һè֪㡣
ϣУУʮʮ꣬ǺҲµġУУݡ
һֱΪԼˡ
ȻΪʲôô½½ˣǶأ
ǽԵ֪Ļû͸/Ҳû
˽Ƕιϵˣĳ֣Ҳζųļʹٴ
ɲͬյ£仹ڣǶμʴʹȴˡ
ȡ֮ģ˼ԵʹܰȴҰʹ
ֻźͽԵϢ
˵˵
ʲôϳʲôĩĸ׼ǲҲСദʲôܣ᲻ᳪ轲ºС
ܻܲһ
Ǹ⡣
Ҽһ㶼úòáܣǰ֪¡
һܺ󣬵ԵֻĽԵһ˵ˡ
һϦµĽͼȦƬ̲㳡Ĺ۾̨ġ
̬һ˿ɼ¼еޣۡ
дǡӱ˰˰ȥ

磬ҼȥһϽ֡߿ЩƬ緹ҲԵġ
˵ߺ衣
࣬Ϣˣ̫ûôɹˣֳȥһ򿨾㡪ԭһ
վ200׸ߵĲ۹̨ϣҼ﷢š
ûҪҪļ
أ𣿡

һû˼
Լá
ҼԼ˶ðҲ׷̼ɽû
˵ǵСǵϲ֮ûҪ
ǲˣҵһ룬ٺһȥս˶ɡԵ̫׳ˡ
Ǹ뷨ǾףˣҵǸˡ
粻綼Եˣϣܱ硣
Ҽֱһ졣
ǰĵﻹе֪Ľ㡱ӣжԼѽҲˣȥˡҵطɡ
һطȥҼҽ˵󣬿𣿡
ʲôط
ҡ
Ҽң
ԣڵļҡ
ҼûʲôÿġңгҺǶ̫ϲ˽롣
ˣǣǰ˵ҵȷһû

ͬѣΪʲôǸ˾ܱôãʱô࣬ȴֻΪӵ·˼ף
Ҽǵİ̺ۣۿžҪΪԵҩ޸ˣֱͼǿ˺Ѫʹ̡
֪֪ʲô
Ҽ˫Ŀͨض룬治öôӦȥ㡣Ҿ͸СˣͲܸһ棬һ̭ҡңһңҲԼ˿ΡֻϧҪʧˣΪҵ˿Ѿˡ
Ҽµ뿪۹̨ݷ˹ȥ
ſϡ
Ҽ˿ҪˣͲôˡ㻨ʱ䶼ûǸˣȴΪҾ
˵ΪǵĻȫõĻ棬Բʹٳ߲
أ
ǲǴûû
ԲҲ벽ĺ󳾣ҲһֱӰ¡
ҳΪҲ治Ǿǻһַʽ˴ɡ
˺Ȼİ·ģҲǣǿӦңҲػĴ룬
ȻͷϣҼû嶯ԶĹ¡
µĴſڴ˿ʮӣſ͵شӵ߳
ûߣ
ǷĻûꡣҼޱ˵
㲻Ƿҡ顣
Ҳû˵Ƿ顣Ҽٹ̬ȱ֮ǰӲࡣ
·ߴ˳⳵ں棬Ҽڸʻ
ֹˮسԼ磬Ҽ̾һ˾Ŀĵء
ֱӿͣҼ˳зӦ
Ķ
Ҽҡ


24 
Ҽ˵ˡҼҡƬ̵
㲻㡣Ҽ˵⼸ʱƽġ۸ծǽǮծϲǷˡ
̧ͷǰĸ¥Լг£ӺܺãԲֻϧǶ޹ءҼʵһ㶼ȥ㡭ͱ˵ļҡ
Ҽ˵ûˣ˵ȥưɰɣһأһ
ĺ࣬Ҽش𣺡á
ǻûӣҲԲ
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ҼڴĿĵأܿгӵˡȳʱָȦںѷϢ
Ҽ۽㣬ȼ
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ҼҸ˵λǰͬһȺûġ
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ѵַȥҼ˾ȱ㣬ûôˡͿСһˣҲύΨһȦѡ
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֪Ҳֻ֪û˵
سˣţҼ˵Ҳ档
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ĩʣĽ飬ҲĴˡ
һһͰҼ͸ҼйصһжΣԶںԭˡ
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Եܼܿë𣿡
ҼԼ۾ԵȻ빤޹صϢһǼ˽µϢ
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УգУݵգУУݺա
Եܿɰ
Եʲô
յԵϢһҼüۺЦһԵĵ󷢣ϲˣ𣿡
ҼؿסֻЦΪ״ڣúǡ

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ЩһɣŸ᲻ѪԵϵ׵ĸŮҲ
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Լԭȴֻ·硣
ԭ׵Ĺ硣
ھƽھƽѧƽĵһ硣
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ںԭ˼ˣҲ˷ӳӣȴֺʲôûС
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ֻǸԵڳԵܣһӶ𻹸
ԵҼɿ֣ḧӣ㲻ǴŮˣһҹ/ˣﲻ͸Ƶ𣿡
񽭰ķ磬ᴵŽԵգýԵл㱡
ԵԴɳϣбŽԵϰԼ
ס°ͷh㶼һۿҶϲˣôôܿأ
Եϲ㣬ǵһԷҾϲˡϲϲ
ưǸŮˣꡭ׼ȷ˵ǰʶѡ
ǶʱҲűҵã²˳ҵеһ͹ȡϺĵҴ꣬Ҳֹ򣬺ܻῪңҾ͸ˡ
ֻƽĵĽ㣬ʱ죬һЩȤ£໥ǣңҲ໥ο壬ûҪչĹϵ
һΣҷոðƼӰ࣬ǿȵѹܣһ°ؼҵ;Уȥ߸Ҵһͨ绰˵󺣵
ҵһе˵Һܸж֮ǳ˴죬żҲ°绰졣
һ˹ǽա
ΪףຣػȥڵĳΣȥ̺졣ȥˡ
ʱǲ֪ԷʲôӣŸ֪˶Էʵѱ֣棬ҶҲ档
Ǳߴ죬סƵ꣬䡣ϣһûȫ˯ѣҴߡϣұˡ
˵ģֻ𾪡Ҽû˵ǣԻڼʱֵƿˡ
ӦҵʱȷؾܾˣҲ˵Һܡֻص⣬ҶҲûǷĸо֮ǰҿиУҲԸﻰ֮Ҿ͡ͺ¸κ֫ϵĽӴ
ķɻȥٴܸܲһԣҲٴξܾˡ
ӻֱǾ˵òϵҴӦڵĳһᾡľдģһˡ
ģԼסƵ꣬ϻؼסģУУݿԸ֤
ˣ½ˡҼ˿׽Եķ
ԵǶСˣҲйʱҵıΪڸѶϻˮʵǵġȻе̣ǰǲһǺܼᶨġ
ԵҼ͵ĹҼ˵Ҳûë˭й
Ҫ˵û̸һ˵ȥҲûš
ףԵƽϵĲҼйǰΣйο̹ĵİ飬Ҽװʲô
ԵھưǳԴ˶Բԣ
ʲô
ԲҲߡ
ⲻ
㶼֪ж຦£²õĽҺҵӣ࿴ᡣ
ھᡣ
Ҳ֪Щжѹ˵ĳȾ˱ӣָͷڽԵֱϻȦ
Եһ㶼ѡԭң𣿡
ģ
ԵҲᵽĳǰ˵Ǿ䡰ˡ
ΪͷҼǰԵԴҹ˼¡ĳ˿ΪȴǺʮ㣬ɿɰˡ
ҼӴһҲϮص𣿡
Եߣ𣿡
ôûˣ
𣿡
㡭㶼ۼΪʵ˺ðɣ
ˡ

֤ҲۼΪʵһΡ
ҵ𡣡
ҼץסԵŦʹ֣ھưҾ˵ˣҶٲԣҾ͡ˡ
ͷϷǺεıƻ󣬽Եͷȥ
ӭҼ˫ۺȴֽһгĿƻ
˫۾װޱ޼ʵĺžк뻵ȴĴ뷺΢顣
һֺֻҼļ磬·ڵʯ֮䣬Ƭһ
һľ˻Ӧһӿ/ǡ
ߵĺţ˴˵ĿҲתŶǵǹ⡣
ؿڵӾңڽԵϵ첲ҲԽԽҪǶ
Ҽ΢˫ⴥԵĴݣͱԵͷԵҧһڡ
۵ĳ˸ϽͷĵؿߵԵƭӣҧң
ƭȴãЦ绨Ŀ飬µӣһһţ⿪ŰµŦۡ
Ҽſˮ
Եָ򦻬ĺͷ˳ͣǵС
ͣ˽룬ټƽҡ
Ҽõû/ȣԱۣ˫°΢
ҪҪ
ָٴֹͣƶһһֵӡҼϣ٬£ûǰµĺ֮ˣ̸١
ҼһһļƤĿƭ˻»ң⣿
𴽾ҪȥǽԵȴָסܿҪã̸飬ֻһҹ/飿
ôİѱڽԵϣҼԣҲ˱Եˡ
ײҧһаɣ
ſھҪҧԵָûҧ
һҹ/ʲôжԶԶŽԵ֣Ե̸ֻ顣Ҷڵķϣһ
ծû˵˻ּۻۣòҪ
ţ˽Ե˵ĵһޱִʡˡ
Ե˷Ҽɳţ·˸飬̾Ǻܳ
Եϵζǲסŵζˡ
Ե˵ҲԼп֧ţˣ˽ͳ̵ˡ
ûôȾƣǼֵġȵԵȥ
ҾӷȣԷ¹⻹ñ䣬װ
ҼԷűʱԵվ¹ǰ
ԵҽɲԲ߰


26 
Ҽ˫ְſ, ֻһԴ̽ź嶼ſ⡣
, ԵƳһۣ㲻˼ִ̧¹ȡһ˯ȹԼһڿ㡣
ǻʱ䣬룬Ҽ᲻ȥȥĻҪʲô
ڼǿɵҹֹһΰԼ͡ŮˡֶԺ
ΪʲôһҼ, ͱòԼˣ
뿴ҼԼɵЦЦ뿴ҼΪԼæңҼŷغԼ, ҼԼԡ
Ҽ
ӵ뷨Ů, ǴŮ
·õ֣ͻĺ󾢰, Ե˼, ˴ߡ
˱, ֻ֣ȥϴ衣
õɺҼϲüҡ̤С鲽, ·ǲͷΰȥˮ, ԡϴ꣬Ұ㴵ͷ
ȥ˾ưɻ, մȾһζ, ϶Ǳϴͷϴġ
ϴνԵȶ, ȴֻͻûϴ, ýԵܵɳ˯һޡ
·ˡ
ԵÿɷҲûйҷźˮ㡣
ԡ׼ʱҼָ췢ϢѯǼҾưԵҸʮӾ͵ˣסƵҪСʱҡ
Ҽ죬ðɣ
죺Σҵߡ
Ҽ̫Բˣ
Ҽ죬ھƵסɣһ䷿Ϣת㣬һҪգ
ҼҪû/֤ţѵ/֤һ˫ֻҲе֤á
Ҽ֮𱼲ˣ̫ˣҵģĩȥˡ
ϢҼת㹻һķѹȥ
üӶգҲϢҼ÷
죬ǮˣٲСȻǷ̫࣬Ժ󶼲ҺݵĿˡ
־ҸϢһûءҪѣ΢šˣٸ˵һɣ鷳תŸ
㣬ԺȥãԺʧȥϵҲף㣬ϣ㿪Ŀ֡УȻǳ˺üΣҲ˵˺ö˺ԷҲʶ㡣෴ķǳм㡣һܺúܺõˣһһܺúܺõˡְһĵ£Ҫúܽÿһó̡
㣬ҲҺܺõѣҵǧҪģǱ÷ģ˾ϴϴ˯ȥƵ갤ɡ
ʵλȥҼظ
ԡˮ£ˮλ˾͹ˮͷ
ſţһת򣬾ͼԵűߣŵ©һġ
ȷԵſվ˶ãûأ㲻͵
ҷͲ¸Ե
Ҳãʡȥٽ͡
ǸҲǹգϰʱ䣬ҺϵҵæΥǹ˾ʲôƶȰɣ
ǵ¡
Ŷ
Ե̧߽ױ̨ǰ˵ֻҪܲ¹ݣĶ㶼á
Ҽ˽ɳ벢ʹ˽Ʒˡ
ֻ˵ױжױҲӵ¶
Ҽ㱵ؿ
Ҳǰա
һƤӲҼҲû
//Ķˣһô
ëˢ֮Ʒµģ⡣ӾУҲϲҡ
Ե˵꣬Ӿ￴Ҽ
򴽳Ц֪ϴȥһˡ
뿴ĺɵɵЦ
ǹ˶Ц
ԡװ꼸ǶԳƵģͳһһһţ们۵֡
ϴ̨ױ̨ԼǽϵľӹӵҲס
ߵ˽ƷǱ٣ԽԵǸϲ裿ʹǱߵƵҲȽϸߣ
ԵøһԼŦۿ˯ȹҪǳһЩɫ
ĺܶװԪر細ǽɳȶɫϵԵƫɫɫ
·죬ͼůɫϴ
ɲŮˡ
Ҳǧ򻯵Ůˡ
˯ȹϣҼʼ¶·
ԭϴܿ죬ټͷ㳤һϴҪ˶ʮӾ͸㶨ˡ
ɽ졭һ̤ԡ䣬ǰҹͽԵڴ˲/Ļͷӵ
򿪻ˮĻʪȫ
ͷʪյڶߡ羱ˮˮ
ָۣ/˳ˮߡ֮һƬָ/µĲյĽԵ
˫ֳڲϣЩڡ
ûɫãŨٴΰϵŮսһˮķ֮أ˼ļʢ¡
ԵҲͬ㻳ҹ
СʱʰԼҼֻ⡣
ŵķЧȸЧҪãֻܿʵĹȴ˽Ե绰
첻ȥ
´Ρ
̵Ļ
š

ҼŴرܣͨͽˣʱܹӡ
ֻԵжΪ־̣Ҳ÷ֱ˵ʲô
绰ҶϺʹµĶ
˼ӣйӰζҼ̧š
Ե𣿡
Ŵ򿪣жϣŲûۡ
ϴҲûС
ԵţδֻƬؿһۣ㷵ױ̨ˡ
Ҽߵ󣺡Ұ㴵ͷòã
ֱߣڶ롣
ǴȻҲ˺Ǳͬλá
ҼóϵԴ̨ϣȥԵͷϵĸɷñҲɫġ
زһˮ飬ɷñһϵĹҹΪᣬ𴵷һӷβϴ
ϸ΢ָҲΪ߶ȼУպþԶԼ¶ȸߵͣˣ˽Եͷ
ϴˮǺŵ㣬ͬϴˮͬԡ¶ϴͷŵζһˡ
ǽԵϵζš
Ե˵۲ٵҲרŵĻ˪
Ϊ˲꣬Ҽ󲿷ʱ䶼ͷ˿
һֱԵȥǣװһ//𣬲ǻϽͣû֡
ɳϽô࣬ԵҲû˵Żǲţû˵ԭ»ǲԭ¡
ҲԼԥ˯ܣֱܶ𣬶˿һ£ԵʱҲûϧ
ҪǸԼƵóŰùѪͷȱٸһӿͷѡԼమ˰ͷϡ
Ե
Ҽ˴ӵסԵ࣬Ҵˣ֪ˡΪʲôҰҰɣôˡ˾˾ٸһλòã
һ£ҼﻰɽԵһºľһǰľȻྶͥ
һǰǵظҼ̸顱¡
ΪʱûʶԼҼжԼҼжס
ʱͬա
ҪĲһϵİ£һĿŵϲġġ겻ҼᶨƵҼ
ҼĴڣ˷츲صı仯
ĸʧأһ罨ֺȻ
ԽҼĽ룬ҲԽҼΪΪǰǣĸԸֻ
̧ҼԴôᣬȴôƽ
ˣϢˡͷÿ˴ɨĴҲǸɾģֱóá
Ҽ֡
Ե߳ȥǰ˵ܡ

ڶϣҼ۴ӿ
Ŵŷ죬ԵŽգԡһ·ˮϴ˰ھ׼ˡ
ҪţԵڱ𣺡ܾʹ㲻ޱ߷ŻѣŮ˻Ǿ½ЩΪá
Եʲôҳȥ
һծپٽȲԵޡ
ĿԵñóһ·ɳϣܴϴһٳŰɡ
·Ҳ͸Ҽκʹ·˵ģԷҳҲ졣
tɫƤпˣţȿ㡣
Ŷãлл
ҼĿɲΪ˵ѣǲýԵ۾
ҪȥƵȥ֮ǰһҪȹܽԵ緹ġ
˯ڿͷԵǽ֮ù¹µ壬ҲûУУ㣬ԸʡʡţֵǮˮӻصͣ
Ҫ飬ܳ׸ˡԭ׸ҲС
ڹǿǼܸܿյŮ谡ҪǱԵԼǰ޹᲻ᷳѽ
ط·ٿţԵվſڡĿԣ޴ɶ㡣
ˣľӪͭǽ裬Ҫһˡ


27 
ô, ȴᵽµأ
ֱüʴüë뿪, ȵĺҲԶҼǰΪױǽԵ
Եĵָ⻹򦣬ĴָᰴסʹͷҸζһ£һ䣺ˡ
ոſײԵ˼룬㽫ϴ䡣
ûΪʲô, ֻǲݷض˵˾䡰¡͹ԹԵױ̨ˡ
һһϸµΪױס۴, Ⱦ, һݹֳĺƤࡣ
ԼױǸӣˮ׼һ, ʱʱ, ҸҲûôϸ
Ե˵һߺ, ҼŴӾ￴Լ
һһԼ
žյ, Ҽһ˲Ĵ㵡ǻԼ
ԵϵĲŨױĨױַٶ¹յø, ɽͦˣ۾, ü߸, 촽, ˡ
һʱҲݴ
˲뵽һ仰, ϵÿλǳǳĲͬɫǣȴԵôĸɾ
˵һԵ˺Ȼ߽ٴס°ͣĴָ촽زһһϡ
ĴָմϵĿں졣
Ҳ˵Уҧױ
ȻЦǼװģ´лᣬٸܻһʽġ
ҼĿĺ͸жԱ۲תճյͷעŽԵ
ǹ˼Եָľµױ뻹ûžͱˣֱ§ȥǿˡ
ѽԵ׵ģǿһһڸ׻
鹦ڽԵҲһζԼòһµ֪ҲֵԵƥġ
ԺͽԵһͬڴϲᱻ˽˵ôŮˡ
˽Եֻ
ԵĳеĿⶢòڣԾͷ㲻Ҫȥ𣿡
԰Ҫ¡
˵Ѹײڶ֮ƣڽԵһڣһûӰˡ
ھǰĽԵžĴӡǹ˺ÿĻȡ
ҼţȵʱȲֻˡǽԵױ޽еĵһΣ
дģģȫλֻ
ĹˣְЩƬƶ
ʱյ˵΢š
硣첻רˣŪôѿҲˡ
㷢ҵϢѵϢҶˣףˡ
Ǹû˵ټΣҲҪ˵ټˡҸǩ˺࣬ߡԺһ᳹״ʧϵˣԱذɡ
ҼԲ𡣡
ûжԲңǷҵҲˣͲΣҲٵǸˡ
Ҽô󣬻а˳֡
ţеġ
ˣһɣǰƭ㣬ûǸ/ûС
ǰֱҼ͵ͶȺˡ
żȻһε㿪ǸȺ½ȺûͬǵĿ½ѡ
ڳУþǵڵء
Ҳ֪ǳȺظһ䡰СȻ׷ʡҲxx𡱣
Ȼ󣬵ظһ䡰ڣڡ
һܺյ˵˽š
˵죬ҸĽǣߵǸͬѼˡǳ˷˵Ӱ˴
Ϣһ̣ҼͷƤ飬֡ˣ
𡪡ԣҾǷˡ
ԺǾûϵֱҼŮĶ̬
Ҽ㡣
Ϣշȥھ͸̾ʾԷĺѣǷӺ룿
ȻؿڵᣬԲĵ绰룬ȴͬǡԷػʾ
ĵ绰ʱҼ㣬ת㣬ܺãõ벻ҽҲûʲô£Ұȥɣ
лл㣬졣
꣬ڻ˾š
֪ʱϣֻ£밮ˣֲִ֣˭˭
ҲãҲաһ޻ڡ
ȥʮҼ޻ڣδ޻ھǡԵ
ͷأûа壬뿪š
ʱ½ԵѾ룬Լ뿪ΣŽԵָƽš
뻹û
Ե˼Ҿӷ̨绰
߹ȥش̧ʾ緹Եתͷʱ֮ɫ
Ӻ󣬽Եصò
ѽһ֮ڳ緹ҪԺáҼں꣬ĵЦ
ֻǿЦܲڽԵͷĳƾһɨˡ
ҼýԵţһʺˣҲԽԵ
ĸڸȡʱϣԵ٣ΪŮԵһһŮˡ
ʲôȥ
Ҫš
ŶȻ̫òҲҼˣ˽£Ӧ갡

𣿡ĩĹӦöӦɡ

ǡ
Ⱦƣ塣
ԵҼֵУ㰲ȥæ硭ԷҺܴæ
֮⣬˭ѣ˭ԼᣬҲܡ
ԵּˣҸǲԼᣬ㲻Ҫôʡ
𣿡Եֱ׳˭涨Լʽ¼棿ҪҪһ´ʵ䡣
Ҽֻ˴Լᡣ
󣬷
һ£ҾҲǰ㱨һ¡
˵
ɣҿǸһȵúܶ࣬п˵˲͡ҵȡ¶ǶѾԼĲ۶ˡ
Ե¿ӣ֣µؿҼҵˣ˵ɿʧ֮ƫġ죬ӦҲԼжϡڵ˵ȦʲôĴ£Ӱ쵽͹С
סϲŮˣϲͬԣΪܣҲǻĪἰҾǵı¶ٸСǹӴĻɣҲ᲻ڡһҲѴ̡
ԵݵλߣҲζеķոһʧȥȻҲࡣ
Щ¶Դѱ硣˵Уǣġʱ򼴱ˮҲǻ˵ġ
ֻԼе㷢УΪԵǡ
¹ؽԵҵǰ̣Ĳ
ǾãϲŮΪܣ˵ǾһΪ컳ҵȡž󻼣
֪ˣҴˡ
ǡָմӽԵ˵Ҽ̬ȼΪϿҵ˴
ˣǻƤЦǿŽԵ۾˶ޱһϴ
Եû͹˽ԵΡ
Ҳ˽ԵΡ
󣬽Ե鷿һҼһ߸ֻ磬һ߸ϵԼʱ͵ص㡣
ڿ˵ߣźͽԵһš
ʮһ㣬Ե·ǽΪʽְҵװ
УԼĵӣаɨʰ䣬·Ҳϴ˵䣬ԵѾű߿ʼЬˡ
Ҽæ˵ӣܽԡҴ¨ץԼ·վڿʣܣûдӽһ
һ˷ܹͷ·ˡ
ñ䣬ֱߵĹҹϣԼá
Ŷ
Ҽҵһװ·ĻнԵӰ
̾ɳϣԼ챿ӱ
ϻױǻúõģΧе˽ԵҲûĳ̶ˡ
ôԸ緹һص/ǰأ

ҼؼҾͰѽԵ·ȫ
ʰëһҹСӣ࣬Ű·ӽϴ»
·Եûϰڼ䴩ᴩԵ·ȥ졣
ǼtţпûϴнԵζٶܸܣ֮ǰ϶Ҫϴɾٻġ
㣬Լ̳档
ȥһСʱϷȥһСʱļ
ˣʵҲſˡ
Ŷ̲裬һҼ
ôҼ㣬֮ûо߶ˬˣһвõǿͨϷʳķʽйġ
ȷвõ
ƵĵѹڴϣŵΪԼҪŮǿ//ˡ
ˣȴޱȣѹ޷
׼󺰡ʱֱֱϣһűһŴһűһ̡
ˡ
ڵʱ˱סغ޳ͺˡ
Ȼ󣬵ſûʶ
Ůѵ§§ͬһܵرһŮˣһһϲŮ˵Ůˡ
ϵľζ෴ŵϵ㡣
Ҳһ˲ͻȻͣһģֹ
ŵس
һظԼ䣬ܶŮ˶ġ
·߲
ţˡҼһڶͷðź飬û㻹ͦЩ
ѧڼ̫ˣҵ˲ᵽ˼伲ࡣຣģൽԲ꣬ǲҵӣƽƽѽֲֻԼǵС
̬ҶҪȡѧϰˡ
һҺҼԭѡ˵Ҽʲôͳʲô
Ϊչ˵ĿζҼѡ͡
ҵʳǺƷڱ׸ʵ͡
ϣЩճҼֹ
ȴҪͽԵ̸飬ùġء
ļٵعĽԵȥǹʱû쵼ָڳǵȵôȻܽΪ˼һְ
νԵ۹⡣
Եһ
죬ʲôʵľʰɣֻҪ漰˽ҵҶʵش𡣶ңϵºҲİ㵱ˣ֮죬Ҳñð
Ҽ㣬ǸѵԡС㣬ϲ𣿡Ȼв룬Ҫȷһ¡
ǡ
㡭Ҳ
ǣûᡣȻϲȷʵϲŮˣһͬ/ߡŵ𣿡
᲻ᣬȻᡣ֣Ҽ㣬Ҳֶȡ۹ˣҴѧһҲͬҲϲŮӡ
ҲΪʲôԵҼ֮΢Ĺϵ/еԭ
Ⲣܾͺãż׼̫ͬǽѣ߹κӰ졣
ţ϶ġͷǣҼŮϲʲôŮѽ


28 
Ů, ûС
ϲ˵С
ֲܻش˵ϲǽŮӡ
֪Ϊʲôһ뵽еŮӸԵϵȺ, Ҽ̲סЦ
ϲŮӣнԵ
ϲŮˣǽԵ
ǵڶ˵ʺڶԽԵıϡ
Ҽ㣿
쵣Լ̫˽ˣֵ˵Ҳûϵģҡ
ǲ˵, ֻô˵ȽϺáϲֶͷ˵ġڰǸ֮ǰԶ֪ʲô, ʲôԸ, ʲôְҵνˣֻһֲʵʵ, սʵ, Ҳ档
ǽأֵ, вŻԼǮŮˣҼϲ𣿡
дֱ
Ҽȫûʵôֱס
ΪΪԵ, ٻԼ쵼ηԴԵ˽˸鷽, ڲŶԡ
˰쵼˵ˡҼ̸ܿͽԵʵǣ, ЦŰϵĲǱ, ϲ쵼˶ȥ, Ҳÿʵ⻹Ƿ곡Ϸǣ
ǰľӢŮ˭ϲأﷺһ˿ɬ, ͷҨһײͽ
ٲСʱ˿Ҳ࣬ԽԽ
ոǾ䣬Ҽû壬ͼͻȻɥˡڹǻˣ
һȻ̧ͷҼ㣬ȻǴ˳ܵӣʵҲɵҲϹҡҼϲǽܣֻ֧ǣҲǰѱܹλܣΪṩܵ١ҸоõڽҲرġ
Ҽеʾʡ˵˵ٶˡ
Լ˴ίػأ˼Сﵥֱ룬Ƶġ
Ǹʡˡ
죬ⲻŲ⡣Һͽͽ֮仹̫δ֪أ˵ʲôֲ֧֧֡ܲܵģΪʱ硭
Ҷ켱еصͷҼΪѵĻͲҪ˵ˣԷɡĵЩý֪𣿡
쵼еĸأ
һ㶡
ζҼĻʲô˼³һףߴ˵ϵģĶ͸ˡҲˣ˭ķҶԡ
֪ҼȡǰΪÿҼӽܰ칫ҳ˵ı鶼粻ġ
ƵǣҼҲͨȴƫƫܵ۹޵Ľܵʶ
һвѰͶ˵ͨˡ
˸ˣ໥ĽȻ°ɣ
ͬԱʲôϵأصˣҼˣֻϣǺá
ҵöԼٷˡ
Ҽ㲻Ҫ̫ãȻܰҵ/ô죿
죬ܲܡôһ㣿ǻͺѾĬԵ˰㡣
ûõԵԭأصԶ·ڹء
úõĿׯԼ߳ɽ·Ҳû˭ˡ
ʱܵظöã
Ҽɫ죬쾪ҼҲẦ𣿡ǿǺȾƶ˰
ˡ
˵ҼĻױͻͽˡ
ǺǡҼ˿ˮϰ࣬ʱ䣬żҲвֲеʱ򡣡
Ҽ̽ң

ۡƹһЦһǵһθռϷ硣
ô˵ǰ۸㰡
ûûУҼˡ
÷ܣҶǿһˡ
ЦദķΧøɺгϵҲˡ

ϻصңҼ泩
УУֿʼÿһε׷֣УҼܹȥһѽУõһëô࣬ڶë𣿡
˵պݺݵrua˼ԴʲôУȥֻ
ʮӺ
ԵյҼϢ
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ҼУڸա
ҼͼƬ.jpg 
ҼУҲڸա
ҼڸУУա
Ҽʲôѽ
ƬֱҼУУĺӰУݱȽϣ۾ԲضͷͷԵģ
Уûôλʺˡ۾־Եķɻһ
ԵſУУдƬ֪Уݿ԰ڳܰƣҲ֪У۾жԲȡ
ƬֻëɺȺܹԣǸԸȵģǸɵЦҼ
Եϳ׼ȥ
Ҽæ[] 
Ҽܷ𣿡
üûյظҼ֪ԵӦûԷˡ
˵ѣŲø𸴡
ҼҺ㣬Ҳ㡣
Ҽúÿؼзԡ
ԵȷʵڳϣҲȷʵûԷʳһֱܲθҲС
æ˳θﲻʣűĿ񣬵޼¡
ҼƬϢ˾Ҳ롭Ͽ쵽ҡǰǼҰ
Եá
ظҼòûг
ץԿ׾ܡ
ڻ˵㣬СǼҲӪҵ˵Ϻߺһ·ۣġƼ
֮еģȽԵȵҡ
ԵʱհѽݺõĴ׺ͳ˶Ž￪ˡ
ſڴϴܳȥԥҪҪǰȥӵԵԼʸ
ʲô
ִٵվڲԣԵЬ
ҼɤָɬҲᡣ
˵һ
ôɵվţˣ
Ե
Ҽ粽ӭѽԵ˸Ժҹһͺòã
ʱ˱䣬濴ʮƺõܷҩûдЧֻҩҺ
ܽҩİɣ
ԵҼ£Ҳŵ˵ζ
޴ĺһѰ˹ޣеļ¶رסҼٻشһ䡰á
ȴڼȰ˵ǰҡڲµĵʲô˵ܱ֤
̧еַˡ
ƽ˵ǹص㲻ͬ°ʱ䲻ͬסҲͬܿºѹܵõҡ
ÿֶھܾ
ܵҼһʹɿԵһ
۾Ͽǡеѡ
ȥ·
ţƷԼжʮӾͿԳˡ
ʲôþɥأ
׷ԵΪ˵ŮӦذ
Ȼǣôһɥ
ϾԵһϳƱ촰Լȴ촰˸ʵʵ
ֻߴˡ
Ű
Ŷӵǰ̡˵ˣԵôǳˣҪȻҲۡûĻؼҴһˡ
ԵĴţǧ꺮Ҫ뿿ܹۣ̹ǵ䣬֮زܺ
Ѿȴ˶ˡ
˻ͨŵľ·ңѾˡ
½Եһ˳Էû£Ҽ˵ķ
ʢ뺣˷ÿķҲࡣŵˣҹԶ˶θҲá
ҵڶƷƬϺʡܲ㹽ȣûз㣬Ǹζ̫ˣԲߡϰ汾ģϲθڡ
ԵʳҲûʲôرʳϲá
Ҽķˣܳԡ
ԷʱҲй۲ҼĿζÿҼѡٸѡʱܴҼƫõĲ
ζܺá᲻أ̲Եһ˵
꣬˷ѡҲꡣ
š
h㣬˵hôʶİ
ȥΡ
hèӪǺܽ
ҼȥĴȥèĴ࣬ȥèϢգԵȥèļζڹա
˽Եӣ죬ϻҲͲ׷ʶͨ¼Լǿ߼˼άԲ͹ˡ
ϡh۽ҲˣǼûú˵ҲлҪh͡Ҹʱ䣬ĸһԶ㿴𣿡
ʳ⻰Ҽ൱ġ
ԵӦ֤Ը̸ΪĿĽȦӡ
ҼûʲôģҲ˱ܾ׼
ԵӦˣ˵ԡ


29 
һζûɽҼ, ʶԵ󣬾Լ춼ɽ», ̼Ҫ
ûಡ
ಡˣǶûߵԵĴǰ
ҹԺҼֻѪɹˣ
ûǷĶԻݣŲĴްɡ
ԵȻҲûʡ
ʱת˲ţʰʮˡ
ٲᣬҲҪᡣ
ûʳĶװ, ߣڽԵǾ͵÷ŵˡ
ԭҪűģڱ俴Щҩˡ
ȷ, Եÿ춼ʱؼҳԷ, ҲȷˣԵÿ춼
߲Ķ, õѡò
һȥ, ѵý컹̫, һ죬ϴϢ, ҹ
ԵŵĶһü
ҲûĽ, ֻ΢΢ͷӦ, ټ
ԼܾҼĺ⡣
Ҽ, ֶ, ֪Ѷ
ټ
ϵ, ҼԵؾҪͿ۷Ϣ༭˼ֺ󣬲ʶӦѯhŶԡ
ΪУУݵԵʣͿϵ࣬ҲΪһЩ
Ҽh㣬Լʱѽ
ҼͣԵҲһ𡣡
ҼΪ۽ǸҲл
hð
hʱ俴ͽԵɣҸ۵ʱ䶼˵Ƕ˸һС
ҼУҸԵ˵ú󣬷ʱ䡣
hصĻҪȵɣⶰ¥һҲ˽ˣҸϰͦˣʱòͣǿԵ¥ȥԣҲϰͲ͵ȵꡣ
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hţͣϲ[͵Ц] 
ҼڣҲͣ
hǣͣҪء
h˺ˣ
Ҽ֪㲻á֮ǰ˺£ǺصĴھ˼ء
h߽Ĳף߽ȥˣֻҪ㲻£Ͳġ
Ҽh㣬˵Ұɣ
hһһͷɡǰףѵŶͣ
õhĹҼıҪľӭѶϣ۲ۿԵٰӪկϷΪΨһ
ֻԵֻҪԵ
ֻԵֻҪԵ
ֻԵֻҪԵ
Ĭ顣
ڱ谭߹ţɱɱ
Ҽܶ°󣬫hèʱ𣿡
Եɡ
ҼãҸԼ
Ҽ
Եûٻظļ仮һů
϶̫ãҼҵİΧĸоİʴӣȴʵĿ
ɣӺܳʵһղ仰ϴˡ
޹ֺŮ˶黰ԭ黰һҹߡ

ů½βһѹһաܶӭ˽һ֦꣬ͷ޺졣
仨̡࣬/է֡
ǧù˾Ӫľ벻ԶȿӪĽˣҼҲûҪȥӽԵ
Ϊ˲³ĵʹ˺麣ϼܺһȥǧڡ
һҪͻůǰһ׼
سߴҪʽԼͰڷλõȵȣ޾ϸҪд³׷ȷԤ㣬̶ִз
ҼԴ˴ʮϤˣĴ߶һСʱĸĸüǵģ˳ƻ
ʱ䣬˵ˣ°ɣǵõٴڿһе¸ġ¼Щǿϸ
õСս㡣麣ϼպñʼǱתͷͿԵӴŽСս㣬ˡ
һܣҼǶֹסˡ
ٿҲţһٲߣҪ°߷ˡ
߷ǰСʱ°࣬ҵʱɲֹǰСʱ
˵ˡСսټ첽ţҲͬص˾䡰ܺá
ԵͷӦǺãˡҼһĨ󣬲ͣٵߵİ칫ҷȥˡ
ղתʱҼʹ̽ˣûӪġ
ԵʱǸһ뷨𣿶ҿĴţŰְҵװ
ɫİǿƵĽɫȹ첲ϴһɫףһ˫ɫ߸Ь
ŮˣҼÿһۣĶ
ǧ˱죬šܣáƨƨ߸ȥ˰칫ҡ
ԵôæģĶңæ
Ϊ˱ӣҲӲա
Ųӣе߳Ӫġ
ĺɫȻ٣˵ģ飬ȴ⻨ŽصĴջƻ裬˱ȴľɫ
Ҽh㣬һҾܵ
hãϰ忪ˡ
hȵ¥ϳԷ¥졣
Ҽš
򵥼h˵ʱ䣬ҼҲû졣
Ҽ㿪𣿡
ԵϢӺõĻظǣûСǾǽͽԵؼˣ
˾ҲǼֵ£ֱ˲Ʊģæȥ㣬ͣ
ϳ򿪷䣬óƱĶϢ
ģȪƱ
մȪȼĵƹ㣬ֻĿϡʱҲǿ˵˲ֻһУλܶзݡ
ͻͲƷȯŻǳе£ҲͷεˣЩְ˼ʽеġССݡİá
Լòϣת˳ˮҲ޿ɺǡ
ȪֻȥأÿضǺƭذȥģҲǼǰˡ
ȪųŮǰ׻һƬӾ˫رŤ
񻶻ӣ϶ûȥˡ
飬͸죬ȥˡ
ΪʲôǡԼԵȥأ
Եȥ
ûȶãҲ೵ͱˣһ복Ҳˡ
ҼæƱط䣬Цӭûѽá
ǧӪӾԱһٺˣ¶ΪǴڵļֵʲô
Ҽһʱ
Ե˵⻰ѹȸʮ㣬ԼҲһԵֵ²쵼ʡĵԱ
ҪԼڽԵıǳıӵԵɣ
˵¡ɣѾõȡ
Եϵ˰ȫҼһ촽ѹɤڵԵһҽš
ͽԵ°һܣԵĳˣȴֻظʻ
ǽԵŤ˽ţҽԺء
⣬ҼӶǽԵˣ˼ġȻҲûԳ
Եľľģ˵ٻƬ̺֡
ҼϲľľΪУסԵ֡
ȷϣǰԵʵɴģԸӦҪǸĽԵ
𣿡
ˡ
Ե֣߰ɡ

ҼͽԵʱhͿڳܺս״̬
hƽͣɵͿһдƲֵģͱ¶˸ղżĶߡ
hεӭԵҼˡ
˵ֳ˵Ϳۣ
˵ΪӦͬģɸճ꣬Ϳ۾ȥ˶档
û£ҺԵh¡
ҼȻֻܰͿˡ
첲ͱͱСʵȻǰԼõҪ⻶ӭʽҲ̫˰ɣ۽㣬㲻һֱ˵ϣԼȦϡеĺϹ𣿡
ȡ֡Ϳ˳͵
Է棬hҲմǲݻȡ֣ͿۣбСû¸ˣ
ҸˣֻһͨͻˣҼҲŮӡ
Ϳϵֻһ΢ͷ㿪ҼˣӦöеӡɣҵëһֻƯĺ˫żңرС
ңҼϸһƬϱèƤŮӡ󣬾Ҳϴ꿨УݹǸŮ
˵귢壬æؿԵ˵ֻè
ͬʱҲע⵽Ϳ۸ǸŮĶԻкüŮδϢ
ӦþǳܵԴͷˡ
ԡ㿴Ҷ̬Ȱɣҳһ¡
⣬ȣġ
Ҽ˿ԵhʵŮأԼʮ꣬Σʵʵ˵ǣҲܵȷ۽еǸ˼ϾͿϰ峤ָ˧һ࣬Ůӵɼһߡ
ιڰ˵𣿽ص㣬ͼӴױ𣡡Ϳ۲Ҽһȭͷ
ʶ꣬hֶ곤ҼͰÿˡ
ҼڳԽתĿ죬˵Щûٰıhġ
ȻǰûκζԲh¡
úúãص㣬صǣͿϰԺãţֻϰ˿͵ĹϵÿҲõԱӴ۽˵;ǿƣĶֻһˣҲǵϰhС㡭ģ
͡
h϶ת磬û˵컨׹Ҽǳ鴤ͿۣתͷԽԵЦ˵ҼɱҶ˶ˡ
۽û㲻ˣֻ⣬пҲ࿴ż磬úѧŵ㡣
hаֺ͡ҶȽϣ͵ͬڰǽԵݣҼˮһ
һԵܵ۽ͫh㶼Ǻаĵˣǳվ־ԸߣﾭһЩè棬Щ޼ҿɹëҵ¼ҡ
hҲҼҼһҲȥվæֻè֪ûУ
ԵӦţƬ
ֻǲãôɰǾȻèô
УǱѵͨ԰èһ´ɣèʺСվｲԵ֣ҼͿ۷Ȧ̬󣬵һʱˣ˵βεúãԸеƷáκˣʹؼҡʱŻԼҲⷿס
h㡭h䡱̫ҼԼе㲻˼ˡ
hУݸ󣬴˹Źأ͸սؼҵСүˡٺǻ޺ĤصǵſڵУҲǮκýӻؼҵġһƯĴˣʡԼô׸èԵöá
h渵£ҼЩ
ĵʽĺ֮أЮŷƵļϯҶ糾
йԼģйڼ˵ģйУУݵģҲйЩ͵ġ
ձõͳҼţͿȣôû룿ҸҼȥ
h֪ҼĿ࣬ҲҼ߳ʵס
ˣҼϲˡΪҼĺѣǶҼȡԵġ
Щϡƽ£ֻд˿˵ŸзܴġЩǲ˵ҼԶ˵ԵҲԶ


30 
ڲ극, һ˳˵¥ص˿мˣɢڲͬ, ߶èڡӿ͡
Ŀ˶ԾҲߣèգǺС졣
ȥǱɡhָ˿ܵһè߻ߵĿҲƫ١
УԵȹȥҺҼȥ忧, ΪǷ񡣡Ϳ۵
hһˣżСС֣, ÿȥÿ, еĵζ
hͷܸӣҲܻ, ˵õĻ
һ㲻ܳܵʲô, Ϳ۶侲ȵͷͷ, h˴룬ٺúýûʲôˡ
۽, ҲѽҼקߡ
ҽͻˡ
ô˵ѧѽܲԺhְɣǫh㻹Ҫ
ɵɵԵ𣿡
ҼǱ, ԹظͿȥ˰̨
ȥǧٴˣÿοԵȵĶǿ, Ǿ޿֡
ҪǽԵר, ﷺ, Ҳ治ɫꡣ
Ǻȣֻ֮»ǸζƷࡣƽǱҪÿ, һ㶼Ѹַζȣٺʽ
ѵлᣬԵһ㿧ȣýԵҲȺȲôġ
h˶Ц˽Եĸ첲ǰߡ
ܸоԵҼ⣬ҲܸоԵǸȵˣദҲûôˡ
ǹϵܺãЦ⡣СҼ˽ǸȤˣҲ˿㽻湤ʱʲôģƤ
СԵͦáǧù˾˶Ҽ̬ȣۿ
Ҽ˭ĵĵøʱ㵸ġ
h˳Ż˵ţǸϲСڸ޵ĺܣôҲû˭Ϲġ

ھưɡЩʧΪñ˶ġhҼͣģСҼһ㶼ģҿҵ㱣֤
Եһʱ֪˵ʲô
hǻ˼ֱ̫ˣֱ׵Ͳʡ֪ҼʲôҶ֪޲޲ˡ
˲ǰhýԵԼһߡ
ЦЦ˵ôĺûȫʶһͨͨŮڹпĲһ
ԵϲĻ£Լ𣿡hЩǲ뿴Ҽٴڸ˺
ĿǰٷְȷĴ𰸡
˵һ˵Ѿƫõһˡ
㣬hȻʧЦģɵĻشϣһϣܾһǻǵĴ𰸰ɡСҼ壬⿴ϳɳأʵдҪһͷԽȥˣ¾ͳˡȻܴݲȣǾոԼһ𰸣·Ҳʡպ˴š
ԵûӱܣӦ˼Ϳͬ۹ö꣬İ£ҺҼʶ¡
£һ죬˵˵̡̲Ҽ֮䣬Ա˴˽ֻй
֮أ
ǶѾΪܲͣи
ҲԴȱĵİ鲻ԡ
зȨhһڽԵǰ¶֮⣬ԼҺͿۡһܾȷ¹ϵˡ
ԵͶԾĿ⣬h͵˵ģںͿۼ֮ǰǲһֻġԵǺĶһ棬ʶĸоǿһгϳʵʱ׾ľګúܡʱÿÿҲʲôĻģֻԼҳԷӰҲúġܻϲ
˵ǺˡԵܴĻиܵǵҸҲǷףǡ
ǰˡҼûôˡ

һߣҼһʧܺͿ۷ûֵͽܡ
ҼԼҲˣ̾һ󣬰ѿȸˡ
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ⲻǴ𣿡
Ҳû뵽ôѩˣбֱѧİ
Ҳˣҵˡ
ơͿԶ¶£
˵ɡҼƨɣ˰ſ̨ϣԴȥ
Ƕȿȥֻ̨ܿ߶hİӣĽԵܵסˣˣҲ֪ʲô
ǵĶղǾҪԭҲҪʦڣеҲ˸ӡһתۣôҺȻҪߵ֮ˡ뻹ôأ
Ҫ飿Ҽվֱ壬뾪ϲϲضͿۡ
š
ˣ
ˣhⱲϧˡ
һ죬Ҳ˺ܾˡ
Ϳۺhһ·ҼǴͷβġȷθhǰøǸ
˵Ϳ۲˵ûhͿһ͡ûͿ۵hʳʡʹ
Ҳ˭øݲǡֻÿ˰˵ķʽַͬʽͬ
еİѶԷץһдҲҪߡеİǳȫԷ֮Ϊ˶ԷܴԸԼĸִŶԷɡ
ûд
İǶԷҪģǿðˡ
õİ໥⣬໥Ҫ
hͿ۱ˡ
أҾȷͿ۴Ҽļ磬ϣúĽҺͫhҲܲ㰮˵ͻ񡣡
ţ죬һҲͫhæ
ԵҺ㣬һ
ĳЩϻǺܴͳģݣҲһ۵Ļ񣬵ȻڿɿطΧڡ
еʽҫҪʽһҸС
ıỌ̇̄й˿̨꣬ѯʣãʵèɲгѽ
ͿʲôƷֵè䣿ϵֻˣ
Ůָèܣֻ˯ĺڰ׼ӷƵܵܣҿϢַǰɣ
ţèܵǿԽġܿϧַƲУ˾ˡ
ȷʵ̫ϧˡҺϲ
ŮͬҲ˹ô𣿡
Ůҡͷˡ
Я뿪Ůͷ˺üַơ
Ҽһ̣߱ߺͿĵַƽ궼˰ɣĴèУǲߣŮӷİ
ͿͻȻЦ˵򹤣h˵ַƱ˰/𣿡
/
԰һλ޵дŮÿַһǧСѣӲ
ģ
Ľɣʲô˯žͰǮˡ
ĽҶﵱèˡ
߽Ϳhߣȶ˳ںá
hҼ˵ǿȵ򹤣һֻ˼˰Ľӿèøַһ˰/Ǯ
Ҽ
Ե
ڶ˿ȵҼһΣûд򷭱ӣֻǿ˳űЩմϡ
ÿȲ̡
hֽԵԵţҼֱϣѿղɡ
ҼһĿȶ˵ԵǰⱭɣÿ㡣۽ģҡûѧᡣ
˵ջһͿۣϹ˵ˡ
hͿᣬ˼ҵ¸Ȼ治ɫҲֹ˿͵˽ӡ
hѾԵ˵̫ˣ֪ԵϲèУУս㵱ǸҼϵëӹַ˽
Ϊϰ壬ǿԶԱ˵й˿ͳַСѣǲ˵˿ͽнԵ
Ƿִ硣

Сһͷŵ࣬ҼͽԵͿh˱
סõĴ¥˶ࡣ
˷꣬ŶҪ¥˱ʱˣݼÿ㶼ͣ
ĲݣǵȵţŸопռ¡
ȥиͷֻԵСۡǰҼǵӵСģεʱҼͿǹˡ
һοʱ˽ҼͲһţҲûǸ첲һͰѽԵԼ˴
ƺһ̧ͷҿѹû˭ֻܱ˾ܳ
ˣвʵбԵϿҼֱϹ۾
ҼڽԵ䣬ֱһ¥ֻʣˣſճλãҲˡ
Եȫ̶ûһ
ִﳵ¥㣬ԵݣҼĬĬ
ϳǰһ仰û˵
ϳ
˫˫ϵðȫҼ˲ӳұߡŸôܽһ½ѵľۻᣬͼԵ֡
Ҽ
ˣԵȴû
룬ӦҼֿĵҡβ͡
ԵΪǰҪһֲŲţԲָգǾһҪ
ʱͬҼסԵƣڽԵСϴ˴ꡣ
Ǹĵطµεĺۼ
Եɵ
۹۰˷ôûע⵽СϸأֻЩ£ֵһᡣ
¼ʤ֮ϰΪˡ
ŮְеƶˣΪ˲ЩνưסţڸƾӦͳеǰܿȻǿ̬
̳˲̣ſƽơ
Լֱۡ米ϵĲֻҪûﵽ/ɧ/ŵĳ̶ȣͶ̵ķΧ֮ڣûҪΪ˴ǳ⡢󶯸ɸ꣬࣬˷ʱ侫
ɾ𣿡䣬еЦ⡣
ҼС˼Դը˹ըö̡ⷢ
ߵͷ̧޴ˣҪǿ˽Ե۾õը̻
ŲԼһ˾ӵԭͷԵСȥ
ڸɾˡһƵУɹһҲ˶⡣
Եٿس֣ϵףһĻҡ
˸ԶҲԳĬ޼¶ˣΪǣ֣һֱۣܴһ̸С
Ե
ãҼڻһ
ҵ¥ĳڣǵĽ̸ʱнԶھĵģýԵ
Ҽỽ˼
ûеһʱתͷӦֶһԼǡ
᲻Һɵ
Уɵ뾫Ӣأ
Ҽޱֻ̽һ̽ԵĿ֪Ե࿴ΪڹеĻͲŸɣǡΪϵĺģ
ʱһһָߣ̾һסַ̣ɲϣ׼ӡ
ɲʱ˽ԵĻӦ
ҼˣҲɵˡǣûá
Ѫħ˵ĻǼ֮˲˵Ķ黰ҲЩͺˡ
ҼøжޣȴֽԵڿܸɡĴ
أڿûˡ
ûûεسԵЦؼһؼңؼҡ
ҼҲڸ㷢˿ҼĻԵֶһ䡣
ҼҲû˿롣ԵּȦġֱŮĺƶһ鷢Ƕ÷˿˰
Ҽ۾俴ۣҪýԵ˵Ʊ


31 
ȪʲôҼûоǴʢ, ʮȵˬˬȪӦҲˬɣ
һ뵽Ȫ, ĻϯأŮ١һá
Ʊûȥ˻ûӦҼͰѽԵȻġˡ
ӾȪ̶ܳȣͬ˯̶ܳȡԵӦ
ôæӦҲûʱȥʲôȪɡ
𱻾ܾҼϣýԵΪɫ/Ѭ, ̰ͼɫ
ҷ˾ɡ뿪򲻷㿪ʱȥúóԷʱҡȥ, 㿴𣿡
ļһ
Եֳ̧ڳſ, Ŀ񣺡Կǡ
Ҽϲ̵عҵѾŸԵר˾δˡ
Ů˵ԭܳ˾ҵҵǮ, 뱻/Զ־򡣡
ǲһ̷ɾ裡
Ҽҧҧ, תŸʻ, ϰ˹ȥ
ڽԵ֮ʣᴵ, ʵǽеСǱ𣿡
Ե䱣û, ˽ҼܸоءΪؿڵ
ҼЦ
ָʹڽԵǰֱĦ˼أܣ
ֽԵ, ְֲİ
ٲ, û´ˡŵĽܼԿŵ
ȴȫȻ֪Լ糺Ķ, ĳжһ鴹ѾõƷĳж뽫֮һ¡
, ҼЦտִ˴Źɥ˻صԼϣⶼסܣ뱻ܰ/ټӰѾˡ
һ·ͨͽԵصңҼ³Ŀݷȥ
복ˣϰࣿ
ԵĻشǣˣңǲȥ˾ڡ
죬ģӡ

ܻǱزٵĹݣûκһ˻ΪÿܿǼܵ°ɣ
ҼֲʮĿ
ȥ׷ǲж񣬱׷ҲǼҳ㷹
Ȼÿεż׷ְǵ涼ҪֳʤȯյģʵҲǼܷ¡
ΨǧĿÿǧõΣǼѰһܣһζûȱϯ
ϣ˼⣬Ҽһһˡ
ûƣܵᣬϣԵԱ潻Ƹ޸ĺƣ߹Чʣ֤Ѯǰлء
ҼӦˡ
ʱ㿪ʼ첻һСʱͽˡ
׷쵼ȳҼ뿪칫ʱײǰ̨һʺõߡ
Ҽһ
黹ûʱյϢ
˸˻ҿյķӦ
ܵİĽҲ̫ߵ˰ɣÿܵôʻʦܺ̾
ûᣬϢ춼֪ϰ¼
ⷽ棬麣ϼͱϢͨˡ
ûۿ99õĻȴʵͼ
ǧĳЩԱ͵ĵƬҹ˾СȺﴫˣ࣬˵硡
˵//ģ˵ΪǮʳģģܲ˯졣
麣ϼҼǧãԵĴҲ٣ԽԵĤݴеĳ֮顣˾ζԣڮٽԵ
ܺ·ŮջΪ㲻ͻԲŽŮѡ
Уѣôûͻ˿ʼ˻˺
׷ҵʱ͹ѽһ˻пõĻҪ;ʯƽֺÿֱֵĶ麣ϼϵĽӣ𣿡
㡣ϼ㣬ӵúüɣ
ŮˣԼȥ
ϼ㣬ʲôʱ鰡ϲܳԵ𣿡
ҡ
ܺͺ麣ϼС˵ǰ̨ߣԾȥǱߵҼҼȴûҪȥԵ칫ҵĴ㡣
ǺͷͷظϢ
Ҽ˼ܣֻһõ壬ûܷӦ
˻ع˾죬ߵҼӭײܲȥܰ칫𣿡
ùͨڻ϶ͨˣ߻Ƹ嶼صǷȱ֮Ҫץʱе
Ŷ
ܼ
ܼ
ҼȥıӰ찵Ҷٶȹ˰ɣǱҼ㿴ˣУ»صСæȥˡ
εõ廨û99ôţͻҲû˵˭СƬҲû
֪ܵõûκϢֱӾ˵´βʾ
ӻʱ򿪿Ƭǻԡ
to
Ůõ֮
СƬ˺÷顣õ岻ģֻ/󡣬Ҳ벻ˡ
Եذ칫ҵãĳ˸֪ǲˡ
ߵǰ̾ԼҼɵһЩֵֹϰߡÿܵᣬְǷǲμӲɣרŸԽӵľܵˣֻڰ칫ȡؼɹĻ㱨ɡ
ÿᶼϯˡ
£Ҳᾡܵظϻ
󣬲ûԼãҲϰҼҹ˽ΰغĺ
Ǽʮӣ·һܹΨһȤ
Ӻӣֻٻ죺죬һ¡
˽Ե꣬һαԵȥʡҲеĵһΡ
һְ˵ϰľڴѾãų۳Ͷ٣Ī˷ܡ
õĽܣһķԸȫǰ׵
˹λͿʼ۾زĿĵصĺϢԼƵϢ
쵽°ʱ䣬ҲѸϢòˣȷϺ󣬾ͿԹƱԤƵˡ
û򿨵㣬쿴ԵְӰ칫ҳ
Ȼô°ࣿ
ټ
ټ
첻ߣŵĵһ㿪½ǵĳ
죺Ҽ㣬Ҫҳˣ
죺壬졣
죺һγеС
ҲɣյϢʱҼŴ칫ҳڻȡļ׷ԸһʡĿ
СĿ·ң̶ǧҪоǾȥȵ㣬˽ĿȥһأӵĻ᰸
Ҽͷ֮£Сӣİӽӵøġ
ǮǸܡĺöԼΧڣȡǮ˭Ǯأ
ǮûޣҲ޳ԹĿӵǹ˾ҵǮǹ˾׬һСѡ
ãܺг̣һȥ
лܡ
⡭ú󿪿ڣϰ׷ǧλܼ࣬Ѿǰ빫ˡԺ۵ĳϣ࿴ɫڹ۹𽫹˽Ϊһ̸
ֻҼǶɫĵпȥʶȰ档
ҼԵ⽻жܣһŲ֪
ã֪ˡ
Ҽվڴǰչ˼¸첲Ƕ˼ѧѧ졢һպ󶼵Ǹʲô׵׵ġǿᳫԻǾ»ֻҪڸʸЧɱְ˾û˻׶ã̳鼸𣿡
ϰ巢˶ӢҰգ˧ϰ˵öԣ
ҼҲе̻ܽ塣һܷԸ¡
ְϵ˶ȥˣΥҲȥˣҶߣټٱ治λıְҼֻܺԼһĶ
СҼλãֻϢ
ҼҲһֲ顣
ҼעǰõԤйʵ˽ɡбҪһЩҩ
죺ţ֪ллҼѡ
Ҽ
Ҽעⰲȫ
죺Ҽ㣬ǵܼ˰Ľܲڣ֪ܻ᲻鷳
ҼˣҲȥҲ쵼ǳء
죺Ŷˡ
죬ҼӹšǾܼ˵ͽԵ
Ϊͨ籨ţҼȪȼĵƱƬ
ҼͼƬ.jpg 
Ҽλ͵ƱҲӾҲȪȥɡ
ҼЧ£´μ㡣
죺һȼپƵסҲҼ㣬ȷ㲻Լһȥ𣿡
ҼȥȪֵطλѣûء
Ҽ°ɣҪȥƱ
죺ǺðɣллҼ㣡[][][] 
ӰൽϣҼͼùԼȴЧ΢
ߣͬҪŻĺ麣ϼҲû˼ߣ˵㣬callòͷˡ
˵ˣڼӰ࣬кҪķҪģ
㰮Ȳȡ
ԼȳԲ𣿡
ûҪ㳳һֱһֱʣôķ
Ҽߵϣ棺͵ȥɣ޸ĺķҾС
麣ϼԸбǸԲСս㣬ˡ
ҼҡͷʾϿ°ࡣ
Сս㣬һ߰ɣ麣ϼҼǰ춼û˼Ӱˣڣ˵ġ
˿⣬⣺ãһ¥ɡ
麣ϼһ¥ݣҼȴûµݣһ¥
¸߹ңɫôִ١ż߹Ƶ·£ɳɶ̵ĹµӰ
ȥȥֻΪع
·Ļ̳̲һŽž
ڵҹĻУûչµ۳涷޵Ļľ嵭¹£ȴҲ˼¶֮⡣
Ҽһ¡
Ӱ·

ꡣ
ˣԡ¶İ
ֻһ¡
ͿۣӾɶԣӾô뻷ںϸڣ
źѷļճɾϲ£ҼҲһů
Ҳû룬ֻظһá
΢ӹһƬƯתűߣһƬƮƮȻֱ̧ϡ
ʰ
⻨꣬յ㣬񰡡Ĺµ£˵š
֦ͷȥ
ӡ֦ͷ
ԣȥȥĻȥġŮ


32 
ʱ, Եϴ硣̨ϡ
ֹһţš
̨ľ벻, ټϽԵƣŷ
ֱԲϵֻ𶯣һ
Ҽڼ𣿡
Եš˼ش֡
Ҽ㿪š
ϢɢŮ˵µأȴͣ˽ţɻӡ
ԵԼ
룬Ǹ롣
źóԼ˫Ь, Ҽһ۾̨ϵˣԼκͰ
ŲǦƵ̨Ʊ
Ե
Ҫ𣿡
κͰڷ̨ĿҲ, εм, ԵʱСԲߵ
ҼվڽԵֱߡ
Եδ޼ɵؽĿڽԵϡ
˿õɫ//д/, һȹ, ֻסһ, ǵϥǵĳȡ
ǰ˿v죬Ĳ, ƽֱǣļ, ϵҪס
ˣԵζˡ
Ҽûȥұߵ, Ƕ˽Ե, һֱ, ģ𴵸ðˡȥС̺ӡ
, á˵ȻסҼֹãɿˡ
ҹɫˡ
ԵôԼֲϹӣôܲͼɫ
Ҽ׳ŵӣҵס༡Ȼְڷϣ°Ҳȥ
ʲô£Եǿװ򶨣ֶƱһڣȴûˡ
εֻװڰƱȥ
ҼƲ˵ƣ˵ʣûпգԼѽ
ԼԼᣬҲԼġᡣ
Եͣ١
ţҪʲô
·µ㣬ҼеƱͻ͵ȪƱͣðײáȪĽʮӣȥһݣⷦȥҼң³УУȥ𣿡
ָƱϽǵӡƱ㿴滹жȼĸǵƱӡء
Դ֤ԼԵȪԤıľٶ
ԵָŵĵطȴСıƽָ׷ɢע
Ե
ƿߣԵԻصһпգɡȥˣһ㷢Ϣ
Ҽ޷νӣðûյϢҾ㣬ͣȻȥȪȼġǱ߳ԾƵͣ
£˵
Ŷ
Ų𣿡
۰ܰһ㡣
Եıӣ£££µء
ֻԼٲĸ첲·ҪҼĺˡ

ҼסԵˣԮ֡
ͬڻǴεӣԵû֮˳ֽ
ĳ˵ôߣ˳ƱȥһӣһӾͺá
ģֻһӡ
ҼɵµСϢˣ
Ե£Եζ㹻ˡ

Ϳ۸Ϣ˵ӾʱҼû⡣
Եصң˸߲ҷǰϹŶӾʱŴסˣԼǸˮԵĺѼӰ
Ϊ˺ѵ飬ӲͷƤҲȥ
Ӿ¡̫ѿˡ
°Ҽȥ̳һӾ£ɫ¶걳ļƽǿ㣬һɫİγȵοйоصĿʽ
ýԵᴩ֣Ҫװױ˵ɫˡ
ԼҲɫҲ뿴
ڼңҼձÿӾҪһֻɴ˻
´ԵϢȴָ½ԵϢ
һСʱ֣ʮһ㣬ͳɹԼ/ͷ˯ˡ
峿ȻѣۼϰԵֻ
˸ա
ֻػһ䷿ˡ
´Ьûȥֻ󵯳üδϢ
Ϳ۷ģб÷ġûнԵġ
ӽࣺ㣬ڲݣûˣҲڳи߷ˣĩȥѽ
ӽࣺ¼һûȥء
ӽࣺ㲻һ˱߻飬òҰ
ӽࣺæɶأΪʲôң
ӽࣺȻػϢǵûظң
Ҽûظʱ仹磬࣬춼û
Ҳ̨Եҳ̨֮һ̨ǴҲϴ̨Լϴ»
Ϊ߲èԵʣ̨ΧһȦȷУУȫ
̫ۣʵá
̨վһԣϴ󣬰ÿÿ깶ǵشɨһ飬ϵʱ˴
˰˵㣬׼͡
ʮӺ弦Ϊˮ󼦵ࡢƹ϶Ϊʳʹ󹦸ɡ
Ҽ簡
ҼڳȥңСʱ֮ڵ
ԵҲ磬ҼϢǰ˻ϴױĻ
ܾöû˯ǰڴһ峿ĵˡ
죬׼𴲵ĸճĹգҲĩĸ׼ңŽг緹Ϣա
죬絽ڲͬһ죬ˬʻһ졣
Եá
ҼʱϴδӽԵߵ·ͻˡ
׼ͣҲԵһʣ
Ž˵ݣŽԵҼŸţԵҪȥȪˡ

ʮ㣬˵Ȫڴ
һ£ȥƱҼýԵڴɳŵ
绹磬Ȫȼĵ˲࣬ʱΣ˾ͻɱˣһĿ϶Ҳࡣ
Ҽ˵ļƱĳƽ̨ϹĵƱ
ȯҪġ
ҪϵĸҲܸԵסһ
˵ˣҪԵھƵҹǲͳ˾֮·˽֪ˡ
볡vipͻ˸ԵһӾ¡
ԵŻɫϵȻһɫɴͬɫСȹ桭ǿ
ҼĿתĿ峺
û𣿡
Ե޲ԼĿݸҼпϵ۵Ҳеء
Ҽһ첲ǰұаƽʱñȽ⣬ԼڹпӲһЩñĳЩĲ˿ˡ
Ϊģͱˣ
Եһ̡Ҽֻϣ̧ȥԵĸ첲֪˼Ҷûл˼
ʲô硣ú˵
鴺ķѽ

Ե첲ˣҼںͷЦ
֮ǰܼòˣɶһһʼֵԼΪʤһһְˡ
ô죬ԡѽҼȡԡ׷ȥ
޼ԵѰ˸ͤڵȪȥҼ
ԵԶĵطһƬõ廨꣬󵨰سԵȥѽǴ·˼ԡϴŮ𣿡
Եû˵ȴû̧־ͳˣƤӵһˮ
Ҽû޷ˮһմʪϡ
㵼ۣܣ㿪ͷŶǾͲܹҡ޷
䣬ΪףҲһˮĿ΢ɵĽԵ
ˣûԵãûˮûϡ
ˮһ䣬ԵͱΪվҼҲܵԽԵӡ
ƵڨЦҪʪ
һġֻû˵꣬ӭͱԵ˫ˮ˸ͷˮϪͷ
òۡ
һЦͷ˵Ҫʪġ
Ե뿪ӣԡһ
ЦҼĨĨϵˮĵ˼£ٴѰˡ
̫ϲ뷲ĽŮˣ뿴Ц뿴뿴ɣ뿴жһصԼ
ܣǴ򲻹ܵǺˣ㻹𣿡
ܣԵôԶ
ǰĽԵ˼Ƥ񣬿ᵽҼ˵Ǿ䡰鴺ķ硱ĺˡ
ֳһֻ/С׷šܵĳ̿
ƽͷһذԼһһɻĻ棬̾ԼҼòǳ
˼ˡ
ʱƣٽ磬οҲòɷĽԵȻȻ˵ĲĿ
нڨġ
ҼһֱڽԵԱߣһСβͣʵľ롣
ڨ˶ҲԵǲʲôģһ˫˫ֻԵϿ
ԵôԼôп
Ҽĸꡣ
ڳ˽ͷӶǸŮʱҼסˡ
ԵŲŲĸ첲ˣȥɣ
Եڴڤ㣬Ҽۣתͷͷ
ҼҪڽԵڨǰ룬ȡԡȽԵһ뿪ˮ棬չԡ˹ס
ϻԵôܿҼСӺζ
ȡ°󷢵ͷŪ˼ͷ
δʪ͸ڸס˲ǰһƬѩ׼
ߣøͷҲõ÷֣ҲȪĻĵġĳ˺һ̳ӵĴףζƮһ￪ˡ
˭ˣԵ£ԡбһۡ
˵أӵŮ˶ڿ㣡һ޲ȥ㵹ã¡ĳһ߱Թһ߰ͷǾȷֲںϡ
۾ϡܹܣܹܣΪ˰׾󷢵ĳˣԵĵסĸ첲㲻ҲһֱϿ𣿻ֱ˿
һ񣬵ԵİûǺЧģתƻԵӾ𣿡
ᡣ˱߱ġ
´Ҹ˸ٵӾݣӾɣ
ôͻȻѧ
۽ЩҪh飬ĿǰƻǣٰһӾؾϲɶԡ
ֲǣһҪӾ𣿡
һҪӾ̺ðɣ
û̹ˡ
û̹˲źá
ѧ𣿡
ȻҼ仰÷ɿ죬˵ŻԵϿ˿/𣿡


33 
ҼvipƱ, ƾֻˢ롣
ԭҲûͻأο˵Ӿ, ҼܴʧýԵֳѧ
绹ҪˮûҪ·ǴӸԡ۴ϣȥò͡
ԷʱҼҲˡΪԵݺݵطһ
ûϵԵ̩Ȼػشа
һʡ㣿ǰ㣿
ٵ⣬ˡ
ȷԼԣֽϻϻǽԵ
ȡ˲ͺ, Ǿҵλ¡
ԭȪȼĲֹһ⴦Ʊߵһң񻶻ûûǮء
, ǮҲ, Ȼֻۻ¶
ԵûʳҲû, ȵģȥЩʲôóԵ, ˳ƿմˮ
Ѳϸɲ, ڲ߿ÿһƷҲơ
ɾ, ƷûϴȥǼҶ࣬಻, ԱҲʱ
ҲƷƷ, Ҳø, 廨ŵġ伢Ʒ, ԹΪɫžͺۡ
Լûˡ
ʺ, ǰûǶԵġ
תһȦƿˮһʳصλʱҪλӡ
ֻһĶû£վֱˡ
ǱԵֹˡ
ҼӿŲ߹ȥɫ鷳λһ¡
һװ˵ĸͷ߽˿ͦӢҼ˵ĸо
˼ÿؿ˿ҼͽԵλŮҸҡһģҲˣƴ𣿡
һȷʵƴȻҲɲôɢ͡
Ҫʽ鲻⣬Եڵ⡣
ҼѾ£šһƿˮݸԵ
ͷһڣԵֵλǳòǳڱģǸ
ƺ롰ʶȤڿҼԵˮϸں̽ҸҶڳע⵽ǶλˣǡͨŮŮѹϵɣ
ػһ˵áѡһˣˡһʡ
Ҽ΢ŭѸոջòò
İ˵񴧲⣬Ҽ²죬ֱӹԵʲôϵֲһİͷ㡣
ᣬҶûж⡣ѹɤ͵ֻ˽⡭
ʱ˵ı
һűСٵһֶŲ̣û˵˽
Ҳװ׾еŰʡ
ˣ
ҼȻ𣬸ƺ˵
˳΢΢Ц£ĿҼѱϵĻ˵꣺ֻ˽⣬λСûб˴߻ķաУǿԻﻥ
˻һҼ˾סˡ
ͽԵǡһ/ͬСλӦ۹⣬ĸ߻Ŀգ
֮治С
ûķա˰ɡԵؾˡ
Ǹˡ
ȥҼҲŻζѹܾ곤˵˧е㲻ζ
ʶgayѣһӡҲ𲻳˭1˭0
ͽԵ
Եɢǿ÷Բݲ˭뵽ҹﲻ·Ľܼ࡭ȡ
ӱÿãʲôĲˡ
ʲô
ҼȵƿˮչյҲ࣬һġҵò绹ҪѧӾء
ѧᡣ
һ츳ʼأ
ҪѧᣬҾͲѧˡϾһ츳ѧҵҡ
һ⡣
ʵ֤ĳ˲Ǹѡ֮ˣûСһ֮˵
ڽԵĽ̵£ĳϰ˱ҲܷŽԵԼ
̫ˡ
ͷˮﹷ٣ղֽЭԣֻҪһ̧ͷӾ³
˺ܶζʧˣеŭԼ
Եοɼɡ
ңҲԡ
ķҲļԵٶԣԱ˼Լʵ֪˳Ҳйһ¡
һԣҼˮ޷ϢĿ־塣
һԴˮŬáӾǰζţٶһܶһס
˲֪ãҪˮܺ
ͷû̧ڱǾƹǺˮʧ֮£ֽ˽࣬ҲôȲס
ҺýԵһֱ״æǰץסְš
ϽҼĽŲ˵ء
겻ؿŽԵǻͿǻܣᶼ˳
û°ɣԵְ̧ͷᵽԺ󣬡ȳͺˣǲŵˣ
ҼšίͰ͵رסԵˮĸо̫ˡ
ԵıҲûжˮڵġ
̫ˡѧᣬӾҲѧᡣ
Ͳᣬֲǿά
Ǽ಻ѹ
Եֻܵңĳ˵ĺ󾱣˾ͷ֡
ҼԴɿԵ˫ֲŪˮĬĬߡ
汻ŵˣΪʱԵŰġ
ȥɣ첻ѧˡ
첲ԵסԵҼ˲ֱˡ
ŤͷЦŽԵ˵ʦҶûӾӡȥǱһΣѧһĺòã
ʦ
Ǵζġ
һ飬Ӷ
Եȥ
Ŷ
Ҽϰԡڰߣ˫ûˮ
ֻԵǼӵҼϣ΢ɲع˹ǣתǱˮС
ŮʲôӾᣬһ㡣
νҼĺ
ۿӾɫɫԽԽ࣬ˣ䣬ʮ˫ε۾ŽԵգӶˡ
˹νԵ켡׵ĻᣬҼסˡ
վڰߣĿ׷ѰŽԵϽĵطֺʦȥϲ
Ҳ֪Եûĺ
׾Ͷװɡ
ҪЩ˶ԽŮĻ롣
Եˮϰ
ҼԾǵһʱϸˬԡιסְʪܵ鷢
ȥ䣬Ҫô
Ҽֹ˵ˮ
ԵдûˮιӾˣھƽʱںԭ࣬䲻ȥģӾÿ¶ȥһεĿ
һˣһ˾ΥڣҼɹ㣬;ϵѹõĳ̶ֳϵͷš
̸ʱҼЩִ磬Щ⡣˰
ҼԴ˼£߰Сѣʦϲ
ʲôʦplay
׶԰ʦ
ҼһӾͺ˸͸
ӿԵħצǰ棬˿μʮӸȥϲλõġѡ
ؼڲڼ
ǡġ
ٴνvipǽϵĵĻʾʱ䡣15ˡ
Եˣϴȥɣ
á
ϴԡ䣬ҼͽԵ˸Ե·Ѱٿλ
vipԡиϵġࡣ
ߵעԼͬ󳬹ǵһŮͬ˹ȥ
һǳͷͷƫСͷҲƫСɰ͡һ¶̷һͱȳŮ󣬳ǴĪͣ첲϶
ûκγ飬§߽ͬһԡ䡣
Ҽڷ㶣ԵϢŶǰ߹һԡ䣬øλŮһ䡣
мŵǸҲûˡ
鸴ӵԭؾһ£ڽԵӵ˲䣬˽ȥ


34 
ҼͻȻ, ƵýԵǽϡҪȰѶŵϣǶˡ
úܽ, ҼܿԵĳë
ʲôԵüһ
ҼʳָԼǰ˸ꡱĶ
Ե˽ģŷ߼Сʣ˵ûб߻ķգǣ˵ҲζЭκʽ˽飿
ҼС, 䣬ýߵĽԵһ
Ե촽Ÿڵĸڴѹֵĳ˸, Լż
СĿռ, ¶Ȼߡ˺ļأǰĳЩλҲɱ΢Ӵ
ȳȥ, ǡ̸
Ե̧סҼ첲, ͼƿһЩ
֪ҼĴ, ȼһһĴķ, Ҳǡ
ûбԵƿҲ̧, ס˽Եĸ첲Ҳס˴ߵ⡣
šԵ߳, Ͳ, Ż, Ҽ
ܻӭҼͷԷȡ
ݼĥ, /Ū
ץű˴˸첲ҲԽץԽ˭ҲûҪɿ˼
ִӸ첲Ƶ˾࣬ǴӶƵ򦡣/֮УԵѱۡ
ë
ʦȽϢ
԰գҼ¸ҵ˳˼ĺĺ촽
ԵĴ쳣Өϴʱ͸оˣϲˡ
˫ǼƮϢֻһƵԼ·ʱпʧء
ǳǳȻ󣬸̽
Եڶ䱻ҧʱͱˣſúܽŵϵҵĺűۡ
ûжҲˣҼȵĴѹȣҼ/ͷĶ˹
һ/ȣҲƵؿš
Ҽ˿ݣ/ཻ֯裬
ǣط
һµǣ˶Щδֱǵȱǵ飬Ҽ΢˵롣
ֽԵ糺촹ֻʧطɿһڣϴȻ
Ե׽Ҳֹڳ
ССĿռֻʣԵһˡ
ŵıǽڣøһˡ
ֻһǣһ/ԭԭǣ˶Եˡ
ҼŮ˵ģҲÿģĪسҼϢͶϲŭġ
ܲҼĴ/Ҽഥ
Ҽĵٴ㣬һͻ֣ᷢԼʪжѿ

ϴղἸʮǰԡ䷢ǶС
ֻоֹ֮ЩԵܸкϲ֮飬֤Щ˱仯Ҽʱ䡣
ϳҼȥ䳬УȻؼҡ
ϰ˽ԵֱߣһŸжûˣһȸԾúܡ
ԵûӦҲûгԷ񶨣Ǿͬİˡ
Ҽϲġ
ԼɾӪ䣬ұԾʵݺüΨһյĵطÿرƷ
˳Բ꣬ҹҲóԡ
ÿֻһһٵΪͬʱȴֻջĳƷеЩơ
ˣϴˣвˣԷϴ롭򲻿ν
һԣ˫ݳɾ͸Уٺò
ҼԵȥһҴͳС
ڳʹԵûʲôرԵģԵֻ˵óԵġ
ڳĿĻܼ䣬ҼһŹﳵһרעѡʳĺ͵ϡ
䶳ȡһ⣺һɣ
ͷȴԵüףֻڽܼҪ£ǿ̲ݻİɣ
ûдߴٽԵҲûԶĵطߣͣԭص
ƽȲ˵ϲһˣҪһУⲢԸԼȻӦ໥ġ
Ǹе㼱¡
ԵϢʾǸ⡣
²øұǸ⡣
ҼҡͷָָԵֻµĻߴҪ𣿡
ţԶ̰칫ɡ
˵һִֻϹﳵװвٶˣ̫ˣϲ˳Եùࡣ
ҼЦ٣һӲˣ겻߰
ԵƳһۣŹﳵˡ
ҲǸ˼
˵⣬ġǻǲԡǳ鶯Ź֡
Щ£˵ֿ
Ϊ˵ͱζˡ
ԡǻûдŵӳȥ˽ԵûдŵҧסԵĶ䡢סĴҲϵõԵǷǵĴ𸴡
˵Եó
һʵжʤһ̸ֽĸ졣ҼƺҵԵġ㡱ˣҲҵ˹㡱ľˡ
˺ʮӳ̣͵ҼסСˡ
ҼɹɹԵУС̣߰ˡǶַװǰԼ뷨ȫ׷¹ġ
ţסĵطֻҪԼϲľͺá
Ҿûá
Ƚݺ󣬽Եʵ¼İǡ
Уݾȥϴ裬УٳţҲټˡԵָǣȻǼֻëˡ
İɣŮţǿ϶Ҫ/ȡǣ˵ǿ϶㡣
˵ʲôèҲԱӣֵԱڷ
ˡҼŵģèʡ
èԵûߣè½½ǱèûϹ
˯ַƺҲǽŵ»һȦ
Եʵܶ˶ȥң
ܶˣ
ҼԼ޷š
Ұûãŵģֻҹۺ۽hˡǲΪкܶѰ
ھưɳ̱Եײĵԣ˭˶ġ̵£Ǹýһˡ
ô˵ȽϺأ
ѾѣЩʣҪá
ǡܶˡġܶࡱʣΪʲôҪã
ݵ22㣬Ҽˡ
ҲָƿţӭӲ졣
ǽԵһ̤ҼļţҼԣֻëӶԽԵλŮʮ顣
Уݣ˼ӾͿʼŸϽŵ׷ŽԵܣش/Ҽֱһͷʾν
У˵ƫЩˣżİ˾Ͷɳǽ֮ķ϶
УȴĽ̽Դع
һ˫ԲĹͭɫʯĴ۾ԵȥʱԺ뵽ıǾ䡪۾ɵͭ塣
ȥֻҼԵɳϣУű߷Уè俿ԵȹߺҲβϲ
һʮĸо
ȥ˫ֶϣŪ֡뱻Ҽ֣㸲ԼĿе
ǸѪߡ°Ľܼࡣ
û˵ɣëӣȻǸһĵˡϲ㡣
ҼЩèͶʳڲ輸ϣȥԱ߿ӱᣬ˳ιǳʳŶûأҲתתûʲôܵġⷿ˵ռȽСһ˺ֻèסҲ㹻ˡ
ҪҰæ𣿡
á
ȥæҲùңҾС
ûܳʧ迩

УǶôʺ׷ŵġ
ڵϷˣϲ輸ԽԵţһһС
ŽԵβϵϳҼԵ
Եͷ䣬°ͣ˫ԴŹ๾ź𶯣ʡ
УҲԴչȥԵֱ˵ҲҪ
Ϊ¶մԵ˫ָߣһֻߣáιЩʳܣ̨
谭ߣԵȴãķ羰¡
ҼİǣҲϸġ
СҲֻҼһסȴһ㶼塣
Ҿ߶ԭľɫӣľƵůǰһɫɳǽӶǴ
ҼļҾͺҼһůġ
ļңҲ
ٶļҾ߻裬ͬһûĿտǣļ綬
ȴҼڼ䣬ԵûĴιۡ
֪Ӿķ̫ҼҸо쳣иĿɳϣһֻһָУβͣʶȥ⡣
ҼһԵɳ˯ˣ䴦һŵУҲڴ
֣ĽСë̺ԵǺá
ë̺סԵ
ҼĿƣɳߣڽԵͷӡһǡУë׵Դţȥˡ


35 
ԵǱУѵġúöɳʱȵ˽Եͷ, ıǼ⻹ԵζŪýԵ, Ȼˡ
ʼ䣬һΪģҼҲˡ
ܾУһֽҼ
극ҼͰɳڿԵͷſҲ˻
ԵζЧĴ㣬ŽԵ, ʶجج𽥻ɢҲ˯ȥˡ
ƫͷҼ۾Եɳƣô˯ˡ
۵˰ɡ
Ҽһ, ʶ̧뿴ʱ, ʱժˡ
ߵˡԵĶ, ̧ۿǽϵĹӡ
, Ҳ
Ե, ѵУҲ漴ϣһǰһ˸߿ˡ
ÿһԵ۵, ȿɰģʹýԵҲڹԭҰƽ͡
Уû߳УһԾ͵Ϯ, һˡ
׷ȥ̨㷭ҹ, §һϷ
˶𣿡ԵһߵС̺, һʡ
˰, ȥһ¾ͿԳˡ
ҼݵϰߣԵ洦˷״̬÷, ոˡ
һǳ˯˾Ҳúÿ찡һС춼ˡԵ극ȥ¥ɢɢɣ
ɢ경ȥ
ܶһӣͶһӡ
ǸһߡǸɫӦҲ
ǰ⼸մã¹Ҳáá
ǽϻƵĵƹϣƽܰķΧ˶оůڡ
Ҽü۴ЦֻͽԵ˵ճϿһΣǳֹĳ
ٵԵ֣ϴֳԷ

ķñڽԵʱҪһЩԲҼϿԼԡ
ԼԳԸҹˣýԵҲԡ
УУݶܹԣƽʱˣ˯ҼԷʱǲԵĻҵġ
ͷſڽԵű߼µֻè䣬ҼУݣ
УƤû̧һ£˶䣬˦βͣɨ˽ԵĽű
ҼЦСɫèôϲŮѽ
ˡ
УݰۣβɨøƵˣһǸѧ𡱵ıı顣
ԵɨģѽŲλá
Уһˣ㡭ϰ߾ͺáҼԽԵɵЦУһЩϲ֣ϲǿȡͨҵҡ̨ҲˣУɻᷭƤˣཱུģƤְУݡ
ְǲ٣ŽԵ˵ֻѲ
ҼʱסεظɿһĻе࣬ԷԷ
Ȼ˵ܲٲܲٵ
ջûӰУûһ͵ϮУݡ
Уݱһͳȥһ˰ѵƤУ泯찴˵ĦҧסУ
ءУؽš
Է˷׷ͣ꿴ȥҼװУע·ȣ
Уûѣ̨ܵĴ¶һë׵Сβ˦˦ȥۿɼ˳
Уȴµϲ輸צӡ
ٺ٣ǰԽԽమҼֺߵǣǳǵġ
Ե߻ûջУݣȷ塣
ҼҲٴοУУԼǸ͵סįˣǣҸҪһҡ
˵ЦԵҸǿֵİʣȴˮ
è
Ͳˣ
˵ԵװŵѧʶԴȨٷƷҼװģ͵һҰʷš
һлǧ꡷һСʱйʷ
ͬһ£ֲȫͬһ¡
ҼƤԵøϷת˸⣺ҲѹܵԸôãôϲԭǼԸĴߡ

Ե⻰ǿ䣬ϸǸôϸ
ҼˣԵΪζϺˡ˴ĳɼڹ˾ײ㲻ͬԵݵλӳ֣Ҫˣ˸ûðɡ
ˣʵҲûʲô
⡣
ԵǼԱ˺ãԱŮЦһ룬̹ˡ
ڿ㣿
𣿡
Ե˵ġ桱ܣǡ
Ҽˡ
Եֻ̫Ǹвѵװ˯˲ǧȡʤ
ʰʱҼĵ绰ˡ
ˮϴ룬ûԵʹӿ˵绰
绰ܺġ

Ҽˮͷϻһʱ岻ɾգֻӦǸ˵¡Եҽһ°ɣС
ܺǽԵʶˣĹҲûʲôýԵġ
á
Ե˽ִᣬֻҼֱߵ̨ϣԼ뿪˳
Сս㣬ҾǴ绰˵һøǩ˳ΣǰгһСʱûϢ
Ŷõģ֪ˡ

Ϊ˷㻻£Եմһţгȹ
ڲʺɫԭţȹϿжԵèëʵϿ϶еģϾɳһֺУУгʱĻ
׼ɢǰҼסȱߣҰ·ϵèëһ¡
ӳóëˢýԵļ米ʼҵˢ˼顣
ֹû˼βȥ˼ˢǰ
ˢˣвٲèëѹëˢøֵǰȲԼˢһ°ɡ
šԵȻӹͷˢ
ûˢ꣬Уݾˡ
Ҽ䱧һ˳ëһ˵Ի󱦱ԵҪˣǲҲ᲻ð
ء
᲻Ҳû취ԵԼļңҪؼѽ
ء
ǲҰʣʲôʱ
ء
ҾΪѰʰɡ
ԵЦһһèôһһϵ޷ģ
ѹëˢŵϣҼ֡
Ե
ء
УҲŽ
Ķ˵ЦڽԵ̧УݵԴʪʪıǼ⣬С˵ʲôʱѧ˺㣬ҾΪУ԰úѧϰĸꡣ
ءУƵģԵͷȥҧҼָ
ҲҧҼ÷µˡ
ҼֺУҲûȥǸ߸һԾЬ濴ˡ
ǡҼ䵱Уݵķ٣ÿҳʱſңһʱҲᵽſڽҡÿصңٶෳƣٲãǾͶͻˡ
ʲôˣʲôĳ
ͬһһˣˣҲԽԽơ
УԸôˣ࣬˭˵Ҽأ
Էʱ˵ҼǣڿҼҲڱ¶Ĳ˵СΪҼЦáŲԼ̨ʳǾ䡰ڿ㡱
ҼԸĺãǰˡһʵķʽ˳ܻĲԼ
ԵȻˡ
ͷֻһɲǡ
װϣȥУ̬Ҳٳڴ˴ůסŰ֡
Ϊ˵ȴ˷ţԼϹ;
Сɢ;ʼ㡣
ŵҹ޼
ͨģ¹ɢһأʥԣضʱضĵص㣬Ϊ̳һ˫ǺС
¥˻δ˵
˹صʯţҼס˽Ե֣·ȽϺڡǰһµ㣬Ҵȥ
Եˡá
Я߹ʯţ˼̨ףǰһɹЪͤ
ǲЪŵģµġ
վ̨ߴҼͷﻻƣӯȱûбµܻ䣬Ϊǰٸļ
Ե
ʧضҹգûȽԵӦֽ˵ǼҺͨһ26꣬㲻һ˳Ҳûʵѧںԭһеľ๤ҲãҲãԿ࣬޹ء
ҴûкڹһںԭңҲûоԼ۶㿴згèѣòƷȫ14˿ڣȫ80˿ڣȥһҲ
h˵ʡԼãǡˡǶ˵ţһëΡҲǵġֻǾǮΪûĺûҪ֡ûģ绨ڼϣϣèϣڡϣǮҶԸ⻨۾գġûҪģԼĳԴöȣҲˣҾǸС˾ϰͨԱÿŵ壬ͳԱͿˡ
ҼǸıжɣ¶ҪԵ̸飬ͲǶǵظԵһס
һǣ㹻
ԼʿԵֻΪҪһᡣ
õᣬ֪Լһôߣָʲôʽߣ
Ȼ˵Ŀǣ֮ǰΪ֮ǰҲ֪Լ̰֮ҿǵĹؼء̫ҫˣ£ˮлҫ۵Բλࡣӽ㣬ȴ½ӽ㡣ԼĺȣԼ㸺𣬸δĳһ죬һгΪǸ˺㡭˵Ķˡ
Եһ߾飬14ڷ֮һ˰
ƫͷȥԵͬҲڿ˸ĿУרİ繡
鲻ֲģʲôƾл൱ҸҶ˵ϲ㣬Ͳݵλ㣬ΪԼ䲻㡣ԱǶĲءųǶ԰Ĳء
ɿŽԵ֣̯Լ˫֣ЦƵᣬȴ
ôһƽƽͨͨңһǿϢϵҲµóһһң˵ӵһ̸Ļ𣿡


36 
ҹ޷, ûҶɳɳҲûг
ֻҼ峺СϪϸɤ, һһٴ麣Ϥ˽ԵͬѾõĺ
黰յõ廹ࡣ
Щ֮ʻθ֮ԴӲΪ棬һЦ֮
Ҽ˵Щʵ޻黰ֺܷؾ׼ģ޿ɱܡ
ҲһͨͨŮˣӵһλͨͨ, Լһͨͨİ飬һͨͨļҡ
ûи̸ϴᣬҲ˲˯һɣ
Ķ, ѸҼѵˮһǡ
Ҽ, ö˵ĻҲװ׵ظ, ҶвֹһĺøСֻ, ·, ûһʧ֮ǰҲóȻԡ
ǡҲ
ˣ
ҼԱ
ԵԽ, ſ˫ӵסԵ
ӵҲָ̧ıϣܺãȻҲȥҲ, û˻ؼҹҹϰߣǡһ
ӵһ, ҼëƵڽԵȥ, Լζ, ſ
漴ֻ˿ʱ䣺ŵˣȥɣ
Եֻšһʾͬ⡣
ǣǰ⡣
ȫ˳ִԵС, ڽԵŰȫ׼³֮ʣҼٴαж֧˴ԣٶȽ⿪ȫס˽Ե
˵ʵǣҲߡԵһֽۣһжһΡ
ûֱͿʼҲʼûʧˡ
ͽԵȺҪĩӽҪԭҲ˵ԵռĩҲٵʮ档
Ҫ衣
ΡסĽԵҲܼ¶ҼٸһЩʱ䡣
ԺǲͿԸ㷢ϢֻΪϵ㣿
ţԸҷϢ
ϰʱҲһסٴ㡣
ԡ
°󣬻ĩҲԼ𣿡
ǡ
ԵҼĴĶϣŨܵķ˿һһٵ/յ㡣
/յ˲ıۡ

˵СĿʡһܱŵıȼ
СˣҵСҲת˼·ĿڶΪˣʤΪͷƹ㡣
ʵؿĿԼûʲôˣҽֻܵҷֱԲ䡣
̬ȣҼҲûѹʾԸ㾡ܡ
һ죬ܺĿڲȵ㡣
ϳ˷ص䣬򿪵Դ浵һЩݺ󣬾ͿʼճԵ˼Եˡ
죬˽ԵǣΡ
룬ֿĵڴϴˡԵݲӦǣǸ̸ô
ſڴϣֻԥôϵԵһͷ񻻳У˧Ĵͷա
Ҽء
ҼԵ㣬һ˵
Ҽ˵˵ѽ
èǵŮһֱԼǻᵱĸ׵ˣҲȫ޷Լĸ׵ݣֻУУĽ㣬ӡ
ϢһȥְˣŽԵĻظ
ûȼӣͷͻˡ
Ե˵ʲô
Ҽ˵Һ㡣
꣬ģ黰˽ԵкﻹסͲ춼ڽԵ߽黰
ԵίʵûҼҳﰮŮˡÿһϲ˵֮ѰĶԻȴֺܡ
ҪǣŮҲûᡣ
ֵ˼ӶûȵԵĻӦҼ˼ǵЦûͣ
һʱ򣬽ԵĬ״̬յԼ
Ҽҽˣ㿴׼õСĿ˼ԼĵȡͼƬȥ
ҼЩӣۼ۶٣
Եûķӹ󡣡
ҼĽܼ࣡óϷһ10086ޣ
ҼȻɣɽˮ㣬ļƽ¶ʮ߶ȣκνͨ㣬ײȫûжɫľ㣬οͳϡٲ˵вѣһҲڶΡ
Ե⿿ƹ̻𣿡
Ҽܹ
Ҽ׷Լ˵ˣ
Եǧÿɲֻ
ҼǧǵزҵͷѽҪȻܱǽܿô
Եû
ҼҪϻˡ
ҼԵû֮ѽ
ԵûС
Ҽһ
ּӺ
Ҽߣɽ򣿻ԭأ
Ե̫ңԶ£˭Ҳ˵á
ҼŶ
Եأʲô뷨
Ҽ֪ǲԼĵ䣬ʶŷʡȻָôͰѱɽڻ
̸鶼ﻨ̸ʲôأ
⣬ˡ
ɽ¶ȱȳ¶ȵ߰˶ȣɽķҲȳķ
ҷɣҼֻȥ̨ش
Žţж䣬ȴӭ紵ֱ¡
¡¡
ҹһԲϾҪ
߳ȥ봵Լѣתͷȴұߵ̨ϳ̡
סޱˣһһ䷿ǰ̨/ڣܺǶš
Ҳ
εػ˻֣Ҫˣܵıʪ˰Ϣ
˵겻Ӧת˷شҲˡ
ֻȴһ㶼û˺ͽԵδĹǷˡ
ʲôϵ˲Ҫʱѧջ飬к˳һ򿪵ţһֱǲòġ
껹û£ͱˡ
ѾԼ鱻Եɽٴˡ
һΣȼһΣֻжɵĶƣԵһأ
סɢ뷨
ǵһ֪˱öƸУ˼롣
ֲԣԵǡ
ΪʲôЩأԵǽԵԼʶʱӡ
ԼȫȫϲֻΪԼ
һڶ߶ʿòµģΪԵŮˡ
ǵġ
ǵġ
ǵġ
ҼҴ湻Ͻ𣬾ȥЩطסһ飬þﳤסãٻطס
Ҽԣô֪벻أ
Եţ
Ҽмһֱûúø͡ạ̊́Ҳ̺ܶˡ
Ҽ֮ǣҲ̲ƲƲϷӣûʲô˷ָªϰϰƷºáϰߺáõ񡣡
һͨԿ󣬾ΪԵظܾô֮ĴȤĻʱֿˡ
Եţ֪ˡ
ҼǻѪǽһӶʣˡ
Լ˱ˮһԺ꣬˾䡰˯յ䡰Ҳǣ
Ǿͣɡ

ļ죬һҼæĿ᰸Լǧ߻Ĺ996ĽϾٶƸС
ڷڼգһ١ҼûϢ
ϣǶһϴҼʱƣû
˵ʲôʲôԤ㶼ڼ׷ƳƷİѿأҲ
Ҫģ޷Ǿǰ쵼ǵѷһĵĸ壬壬Ҫô壬ҪôٸĻһѡ
ֻ׷Ҳֻпļ׷Ǵҵҷļ׷
ûʲôñԹģҲûʲôemoġ
ľͶˡ
ĩӦҪʱãҼֻܼӰӵظϷһǻصҸġ
ԱǵĹڷ䣬ÿͷϵǱ͵ģżӰҲܽܣڰ칫ҡ
һ㶼ǽļٸɵ
ڣǷЩЧҲߡ
쿪ˣص˾޸ķߵ㣬Ҽȳˣ麣ϼǼ˼ӰൽŵŰǧŻ
ڵϾ۾鿴ļ΢ͬpcˣֻҳ硣
귽ſ췢Ϣȸ˺麣ϼظмٸһ£ͿԻؼˡ
ԼҲŻǸ϶ȼ᰸ܶҪȥĿһˣϹ˷ǩͬ
죺Ҽ㣬
죺ͼƬ.jpg 
죺ͼƬ.jpg 

죺ЩزҼ㿴ĸļȤѽ
죺ȥزȥָңҲ̫Ҽҵ㽨ɣ
췢زƬҼһŵ㿪ţתظ
Ҽɡο
죺ţյˣллҼ㣡
صٶȲҼɣĪǱֻڵ
Ҽ
Ǳߵ춼켱ˣôҼ㻹˳˳ûȥƾ֣
ʹ
ʱ򣬽ܲŸ˵ȥزרһ䣬ոǧĿСҲһݡ
죺ΪҸҼҲһݣҾ
ⲻѻɣ
ԴҼȡҲʾԸ⵱ȴһζûбҼá
ѵҼͽܣûð𣿲ѽ
Ҽ֪ˣʱһллܡ
ķʾҼȻ⡣⼸æͷһʱҲ֪ϵԵʲô
ԵͲ죬ÿضƵĳϷ˶æĻϵɣ
ҪǿвŽԵ΢ţǷˣ˵ʵ䷴֮ǰ۵ĺøжܹˡ
죺ᣬûΪǰɣ
ҼûС
죺Ǿͺá
֣춼ܴиоҼ䵭
͵ĻֱҼ˰ɣ
Ե춼ûڹ˾˸һģһõ廨Ҳһֲ
Сյͼø˵绰ҲûʾСѻͿƬշ˾ֱ˵ӵٰѿƬʬ𼣡
ῪñȽϾãҼҲûڹ˾￴
뿪ʱǡһλఢõ廨һЩϾɰ칫Ʒ¥
ﻹ˵šڵ˶Ǯˣʲô˵˵Ӿӡ
ʱص㣬ҼҲµǻܴʾ͵ġ
ܴۣġ
ԵĻ
Ҽأһж˳ɣ
죺ͦ˳ģǽз֣ܺ˵ơطʱѵġ
Ҽġ
죺Ҽģһչ˺ýܵġ
⡭Ǽ׷ΪʲôҪһҷİ
ҼϢЦá
ƶ쵼ϵǳˡ
Ҳ޴ӱ粵
һֵʮ࣬ҼŤŤϵԣǽ˽Ĺ
ѵװŵЬϣһתȵУݡ
ء
ûԶιʳһһ̶ʱιèҲÿʱ㣬УݾͻͰ͵Ҫԡ
УУιʳʱ򣬲ĩԵߣèӡ
ԵϲߣèȴֺܿԼΪСļҽ̹Բŵô侲Գ֡
ʲôģ˭־룬Ҳֳκϲá
ҼϴŰֻ
һȻһԵδϢʱǰСʱǰǣܺæ𣿡


37 
Եܺæ𣿡
ѽ, ⼸춼æ
ҼĵһӦûǻظԵ
ϴ˸, ĹˣҼпľ˼ͽԵĹϵ
ԵҪĵʲôأ
ܸԵʲôأ
һ˵ܸģǽԵҪ
̫̫ʺˡ
ɽԵֽúܣϧĪ⣬ģñǽΧ, ޷߽̽˵߽ȥѰ˿ˡ
Ҽϴ衣
Ҽ˯𣿡
ԵûС
Եûʲô񣬵˯š
ء
Уݽ, ϴ̨, Ƕצϴ
ڱӣͷ, , ɰˡ
ҼϵķųɰУ, ӦðУݷԵ
ҼƵ𣿡
ҼУݺ˯
Уݺճˡ
ֻҪҼڼĳطʱһ㣬Уݾǻҵطſ˯, һ᲻䷳ҡβͻӦ
ҼҰУ, ֻҪҼ˼ͻܹ, Ҹʲôѽ
ﶬڵ, Уݾһ˯Ҽͷ, ҪҼ첲˯
ҲӲᳳ
УҲܹԣҲ䷭ƤҼУſڽҼ, ᰤҼ˯ҲٰУ˯
Ƕܹ˵ëӣҼӻؼҺ󣬲죬ץƻ
УݴӲĶСصϳɵĴˡУҲֻʱúö˼ƿӣҧϹߣŪһЩͷ
ȻֻëӶͷ⣬ҲòϣУǸΪƫġ
һٷֵѹУһԾУС
ǰ˺ѵ
ܱ̫ǡҲ벻õԼУУݵİԼУУݴο塣
ޱϣҲܴԵͬο塣
ƵǺϤ׽֮Ż£ο˯ǰǵ̽̽
ҼҲûϵġ
Եûлظ㣬ӺֱӲƵͨ
⵹ֳҼԤˡ
ѲͷëڲϣָѰɵͷᣬ˽
ĻϵĽԵͷɢǰ룬Щնĸо
ӾͷбǶԼԵĴͷӦ˱ϥֻϥϡ
ͨǳǶΪӽǣһмܲסԵ۴ĸǶȶÿ
ôûأ岻𣿡ҼѴǶ֪ԵӦ˾ơ
ٽϽԵԼ˵û˯ţǾƾ
Եʲƺ׳һЩ֢״Ҫǲע۲죬ҪȥҽԺġ
ҲûвԵƫƫͷ
ڸ첲ϣɢͷסС˫ͺ촽ˡ
ҼõǰͷֻԼϰھͷ
ûԵôôͿֻԶ㣬ԼһŴѽԵŵˡ
׿ﲻеͷҸ㿴Уݡ
˵л˺ͷϴУݣſڴ̨ϣǰȴڱأԴţβһ˦һ˦ġ
Ҽһβ˦ķȾָЩ
һڶƵϿֱè˯ģ˵УֵҪиƵĲʺ٣᲻ҲΪèҪǻˣܸԼͷû׼˳ҺУһˡ
Եģѳıܡ
ֻҪԵߣһƣɫֻġ
첻ˣԵҲȷˣǮ
ԵһЦҼͱպˡ
۾һգգضĻһû˵
İٽڿԵչյɲǣͨͨƳ̣ɢˡ
ˣ֪ԵҪʲôҲ֪Եܴõʲôһֱ֪ԼҪʲôҲ֪ԼܸԵʲô
ҪģǽԵģܸģҲǿġ
ԼദģԵһδθԼԼᡱһδԼķ/أ
ҼҲѰˡ
͵£̨ٵתͷԼУݶھͷУýԵԼ
ɳɫ񣬴̨ϻصײɫɺС
ҼԴУݰúܽ˯ӦǶӿӵףŦۿŵıỵ̂ĵɫӨףһŶʮͷ崿С
ǽԵӾͷ￴Ĳ˵Ҽ
һ˵ζͱˡ
ǰǰҾǮһǷһѧءʲôʱпգȥѧѽ
ģôɣ˵ôԼôϲأ
ԵҲʹԼ˵
ϷֱʱҼܲʱϢ˵˿ԡ
Ҽ㹻ȨΪҼÿ춼һϢҼ̵ס
ΪõΨʧȥ
ҲΪõһֱӵС
ԵĳĬԶԣҼһĻš
ĺһԵǲ˵Ҳ£Ƿˣ˵ˡ
Եȴֱԣûз㡣Ҫ˵һָ
µĽᣬô⿪ˣҼֱܼˡ
ôֻ˵ǰɣ
ȻˣԺ͵øıսɻ͵סԵʣܴƵܴ֡
ǡĳ˵Ĺβˡ
꣬ཡһĻϾûˣĳˡ
ƵԵҶϺҼæ֯ԣԵ˵ˣˡ
⼸̰ڸϷ㶼ʱˡһʱãճϢͬ
ǿϧĩұҪ죬Ҳȥˡڵúܣʱ򶼷
ԵҺܸ˵㲻ҡҾٸ˵ظ㳪׸裬˯ɡ
ҵıһ
ҹ
ҵССü
ϲ
ҵıʱи
ѽѽѽѽѽҵıҪ֪
ҼûжԱκ˳׸衣
ҼΡ
Եĺܺá
ҹĽԵҼ͸öĸ˯μҼ˵
μɽ֣μ԰μ˴󺣣μ˲ԭ
μҼһȥ˺ܶܶĵطصļңڿ̨ϣգűУУֻɰëӡ
ԭҲΡ

⼸꣬ҼԼһ̨ܻÿһߣջجج
̬ٺֹۣҲбסʱ
סأܲ𣿷ܲ𣿷ܲ
̫µһᵽΪˣҪȥ
ûԶ󱧸
ƾԼ˫ֺúõؽػš
ˣ˯һշǶգӭȫս
ǽԵӭشת۵㣬ͰĻˣҲÿá
Ҽ簡Ҫ緹
ҼĳûʲôóԵģҴѽ
Ҽ֪ƤҪʱΪѵһûûʱǧҪҲģǽ[] 
Եز
ҼҾ͵ŽͶι
Ե˵ҼǴ˼Ѫһϰɾʮ㣬˾ɧšԵ
ԵʱأҲԵÿ䶼أġ
ͬǾ䡪Ҹˣ⡣
ʵԵÿضԻصظģЩ߶ġϻҲÿһˡ
ǷϻҲĶʱƬ̡
ԵĺغԭִԼ˳ͽԵؼңԼؼҡ
أҼϢڼһȥĸǶ
ԵڼҡϢһȥ
ҼҾЪţ°ȥ
Եá
Ҽ
ԵԼš
ҼOK.gif 
ԵţʵΪ˰ɣǲҪžܽԵǸˡ
һ°ʱ䣬Ҽˣһ΢ϵ
ԵҸĳпЩһٷʳġ
ţûˡ
Ѷŵϴ־ȥˡ
Ű뿪ţԵδ棬ҲûˣǾ鷿ˡ
鷿ţҼƿһЩķ쳯￴ֻԵϣŵĻڿƵ飡
ҼûƵ˵۽ԵĶ䣬
Źţس
۽Ե
һ˳ؼҵһ¶ϴһɣԵȴ·ûֽ³ˡ
һ룬ͻȻƳԵſڿ
㿪
š
ҪҪȥϴһ£һûϴͿԳˡ
ϴɡԵ߽ſʱŵҲѾˣꡣ
ðˣ֣һЩҶ˳ȥ
͡ðˡ
Ҽæ￴ѻСԱߵҶˣ𿿽Ҫ¹ˣĽ͡
ʱ˿̵ĽԵҼıӰ͹﷢ԡµĶ塣
ԳһϲͨҲûҪ³ܿνΪ㡣ʱ䣬øֵҵϡ
ҵˡ
ھƽˮЩ꣬Ҳڸ˼ֵʵֵĶйȻͥıʣجĵĴǿԸıǰδе㯣ԼԭҵҲʧȥ˼顣
ҼůҲ伣ļ顣
Ҽ
ڷ˵˻ͷô
Ǳһ£Ե˵Ϣ


38 
ԵһԵ߻, ҼԷȫ̶ɵ֡
һһһһûʣ
ȥϴɣϴ껻ʵ·, ʰ˷Ҽһ꣬һ߶ԽԵ˵
Щúܷ𣿡ԵסҼ֣밢
ļֵʮָմˮǱʡ
ǧǧˣǧǧ, и˵Ĵڼֵ
ֵȡƸͨ;Ƹġͱ̻סұķְҵ, Ĺ, ܵԳ棬١
Ե, Ҳۡ
Ҽܿ͸еĹ, , תס֡
һڼҲҪЩġ˵֮ǰЩزٵĳ, ЩܿɹȤ³Լϲ, һϲҷʳҸܵ, ˫֡һ˵
, 㲻ϲķˣ
ǡԵҡͷ
ϲҼ, ϲҼķˣϣҼںദгΪġȫְķ
Ҽܸ, ҲʮϿҼĹ
ֻϰ죬볤ýչҪһһĥϵġ
˼Ҽԡҷߡ
ʽǰôŵľôţҲԤǶиԵĹҲ棬ԣķǰԼʱ𣿡
ҼԼ˵ӵ㹤
Եˣ֣ȥʰɣ»ؼǵһΧȹ·
·ˣ
ҼͷԼǰһϸ΢ա
ָһ¡
ȷϲǸŵණ
Ҳ̫ˡ
סܿϵë׺Ͱߵ㣿ǲǿˣ͹棿
ԵЦס󣺡翴ˣʲôã
Ժôѽ
˫ֺ󣬽Եһһյ⣺ǰˣҪӣ᲻̫ˣ
˵Ҳǡһûˡ
Եϴڼ䣬Ҽյ˱ӽ෢Ϣ㣬Ҿŵ뵽ԭվӼݣ
Ҽˡ
ӽࣺɶóԵѽ
ӽࣺҿһСʱİȥϻ𳵣ڻû
ҼѰ£桭˽һ£
ӽࣺҼ㻹ǲˣôΨһ׵ã
Ҽ㲻˵ֳ𣿿һһˣϾͱˡ
ӽࣺ˵£ҳԣҳԲ£Ҳܣ¿ԵģҾˣ
ҼԳԳԣԣҪһһˣΪŰ
ԵϴͼҼֻɳʹĻ
ͷǵЦԡ
ԡҴҼֻܹȥ̽ԴʣԵ㣬Ұ㴵ͷѽ
ͣˡ
Ҽһȥӹʼṩͷ
֣ûԼ尤ŽԵ˽Ե˯¡
ԵϴĸɸɾһԼȴвζա
Ϊʲô˯ô/Уڿôͣ׵ôģֵ̧Ķ֣
ͷ㴵ѪҲû˭ˡ
Ҳˣû֣ԵΪǾ䡰㡱
ͷɣԵҲ˻
ûҼ쵼㱨һڵұõȻԭҪȥվ
šԵվߡ
ҼԵûڣһ޸ġ߻ƸǶĵòˣһҲ䷢㣬ҿһأ𣿡
浣ڿӡǵԵĿ
ԡ
ллܣ
ԵأЬϷĹӣǳԵģЩߡᣬǶС
ԭ㶼ȥģҼ˵ͶιصشһСֻؼҡ
˵ǸҲһ⡣
ȥУûزؼһ˵ذ칫飬Ҳǽһֲٰ졣
Ҽߵ£һزֹбġ
ԵĻˣҪ
ôôð
˵ŸжĻסĳ嶯ֻССһ£ҾͲ
ˣҼ϶ǲṼԵġһ룬ЦŶԽԵ˵Щ̴ȥɣ̿϶һˡ
Եûȷ˵ĸ׼Щˣֻһˡ
װزҼֿʱ䣬ŵˡ
װʱԵȥ̨
ǹµįıӰҼһۡգգɬۣҲȥ̨ȥӵŮİ
ȵӱԵһ˲ĽӲ
ܿ죬ͷɵرۡ
ийٶڴϣȥҼ£ԼҼİ
Ҽζñÿµķ˿Ķ䡣
ֻ£Ե˾
žҹ¹˼䡣
΢ˮ΢ڽɳűϷ⣬Ǹ߶
Ρıۣ֮Ƕһɫʯ
ᴥָḧʱ޹ǣʱʯĪ⣬ʵϡ䱦֮ĺǻ
ƽ󣬽ˮһ˸߹һˡ
̾Ϣૡ
ߴˣĪҪʧ⳱ʪĺҹ
߳˺ҹĽԵþʣץǰֻ֡
ȥˡ
Ҽָգ¶С£/ĥһ£ŷŹֻ/ͷҪ̵Ķ䡣
ǽԵʪĲ/ܽҹҪϴһˡ
һʿС˵д׾پܽŮᱧ
Ե뱧ȥҲȷҵ㣬ǡԺòã
ɳƵ˾ܾ
οԵı׵
ӣ̧첲סҼľʱע⵽Ҽ¶£ֻһɫĹͱġ
ѹֱĴСôȣô
Ҽƴ˵˾䡰ȡȥԵϥǣʹ̵ľ
Եصǿ̣Ҳһ룬ͱһ¡
Ŀ԰
ĳ˵ľУԵֻðĳ˵ľ
ĸоǣĸо
ҼǴʿûгǿѽԵɳϾֹˡ
еȥһ£´һ̨ܴ㵽ҡڽԵȱߣֻС
ΪպܱԵһĿꡪǿ塣ѱλ
ԵܿĿ⣬ֱߵøϡ
ҡ
̧첲Եļ£°׽ȥ˳ְѳ췭ƽְͷ˳
ˡ
ҹĽԵ嶼ò񻰡
Ҽ׽ס֣һΣһ㣬Ҳ㷢Ϣ
һױ߰ɡ
ҡ
ǵģԵְûױƷϵ͹⣬üͿ˿ں죬ͷ
ԵͻͽķչֱҼͷĿѣ
ţԼü⡱ŸոշĶġ
˽Ե壬˽ԵǱ˴˶ޱѵ¡
˲ˡ
͵ԵĬˣĬϸ̸ˣ

վҼ׼ӵӽࡣ
Ǵڼ棬²Ź£ټҲûر𼤶
㣬ôҳʲô𣿡ӽ죬ƸҼ
̣ˣֻȥԴŵˡ
ŵҲаֲ
Ҽʿʻţɣҵ׵Ĵá
ӽһۣ鷳''ȥлл
ҼߣһǰεĴŵ
ºҼͳֽӶ˲óЯʪֽӽ֡
ҵ꣬СϺͽλΧϺһһһݰɣ⻹տɫˣȾҲС
ġ
ҼԱ˲ˡ
ԴŵŵԺʱΣֻλӡ
ôãģӽǰ㣬ŹҼ΢ı仯Ӹվ㣬Ҿ;šȴڼʱɫöˡ
һ֮ڴɲ︴յĺʱڡҲ֮һһڴָ㾫񣬲Ϊɣ
ҲҪӽֻ࣬ǸԵϵûȫ嶤š
պûɣøÿ족³
治ǡˣ
ɵӽʼʱҼƲס뵽˸ոոԵ̨ϵ¡
ڻʹ¶һӾˡ
ιձ磡ӽ˵ǰ֡
Ҽ񣺡ӽҺ
˭㲻ң⻹ǱƵġ봺ǻأļһԼˡ
ӽҼС̼ҵĶŮҼͬһֻСһ¡
ҵ󱻸ĸٿ/Ա˰࣬˰
ڵ֪Ҽȡ󣬾ͶδĻ֪Ķıɩ˺ڴձ硱˽µЦ
Ͼ˫ɶԵģǱɩ
Ů󵱻ϣֺҰֵԲƣ迪ˡ֮ǣĻ䣬Լǣ塣ұңһؼңһ컹죬ÿ䶼Ҫ߶ӡ
ҵ͹ĴδŮмܵţĪڼиĸ뷽跨Ļʽ߻顣
Ҽᳳܶ죬ֻԶΪˡ
ȥĴ΢һЩÿֻȥˡ
ڻؼǻأǼҸĸߵڲž۳緹Ҽ׼ʱ͵͵Ͳ⿪ˡ
ʵڲ뱻ߴð˴Ǳʸ˸鶯̬
ȥվ;нӵĵ绰Ҫû㣬ȷʵ
֪ǷףҼѵŴ˸ƣԴǿС㣬ǰôķϣҲҡҲǼ޲ȥҲûҪľһڼꡣ
ûû飬⵽˸ĸǿҷԣֻҼһԸ֧ľ
Ҿһ㣬ǿصƢҲرãһŷ˧
Լҵλ붼ȶż˵ֵۣΪ˸賳˺ܶء
ʱҼѧΪ˽Ļ£ûܣľ䵱С
ˣЩ˵¶ðֵԭ˵ǣҲ޳ȥˣ
лл㣡ҾͰϰ֣ŬҲҼ޳ȥˡ
ĳֲϣҼȫ˽ͽֺγڸԼġ·
ĸеŮˣñҲˡ
֮Ƕܹˡ
ԼȥǶ塱أ߹ȢšĹأҲʤ㲻ǣ
Լӽ̻¶Լȡ򣬵õӽĳ֧֣Ҳ֧ӽĸ飬Ǿϸġ
ӽ۱ӡ
ҸڽһͳһսߵġһУСҲమЩǶакˣΨһĴ䵥ıˮ֮У
ġҼһ㲻ֲͬĿѡԴֶǣҲܸӦȥ
ʲôֶǣôģֻûŮ𣿡ӽΪҲ֪ҹڵŮ˿ڱǾ֣ĿѡԴ١

ӽǻߡһĵĺڳֱ㷢
ÿλؼҶƵģڻö֮زˣͲ衢Ҵ̴̸ģ
˵Ǵ治ĲТŮƵġ
ʵôżغԭô棬㣬ǲǱŮˣ


39 
Ůѡ̸̸ƺȫϵȺšһ, ţһ㣡
ô, ô˵ѽþͲĵĶ
ҼҪԼԸ˵ӽʲȻġ
˵Ͳ˵ɡôִӽҲʧ¡
ֻҼƬֶŽˮ˼ţͷĸƽ
ҹصңҼŵ, ӽڿȥ׷ֻëҪǿ
ҲҼһʱ⣬ʱǧҪ
УУݵӶС, У䲻ô, Ƚϴ򶯾ʱ
׶µ֡
ӽһžʹţУУ, 㻳
ɹֻûӰˡ
ƭ, ˲پ㱧˺ܾõУ, һǿèͷ
УݱƬϻҪȡ˼ôõĻͺĸ˸, СûлŮĿˡմ, ԼûŮѣҲǻˣ԰, úܣ
ҼֺֺЦ, һԸУݴӽȳ᲻ᱧ岻á
ӽͷʺ, ôèƶԲԣ
ȥϴɣȻϰ߼һ˾ͺ, ǻȥġ
Ͳӽ̺ϴƷ׼𣿡
Ͷ׼ˣԼȥ
ӽǽ˿ԣְطתתŻط䣬˯´ȥϴ衣
ҼУݺȥѶУһιʳһ߶ǽĻиİĴɤŽڼСסԹԵİóԳԸúȺȣø͸
ӱͲ󣬷Ŵ󿪣ӽڷҼĻô𣺡㷿СɤŴ󣡡
ţҷС

һ죬Ҽӽȥڼ侰򿨣óԺúȹţҪ
ӽʵҲߣֻǱԸ͵ҼҪ΢һЩ
С񣬶ʱͬ·ЬӣԵĺȵҼǫʲôõĶҲ뵽ҪָҼ
Ӵѧ⼸꣬ҲԼһйءĳ;УҼˡ
ʮ㵽Ͼŵ㣬ʮһСʱ˽򲽡
һ˾˫˫̱ɳϡ
ΪʲôԸؼңҪˡʳ࣬Ů࣬ҵ
ԭĿǰֻһ߳УǱ޴󡣱Щһ߳УиĻѹҲûôֲ
ǰҲͦõġĽ㣬Ҳ㡣ңĸסһ𡣡
ǶŮ㸸ĸһжġ
˵ˣһɻϴ
š
ӽݺУŶɹشҼ߽Ҽ˺üίˡ
УݵĽУҲ̽ͷ̽Դɳð˳ſͷ
Ҳ˹ˡ
ӽҲûôʱûһһէǶ˽ģ
ԼұòèˡϲҲá
ҼѲ輸ϳлУݱϣһߣèַɾͽˡ
㡫ӽӷ䴫УתԴ߶Ⱦضķ
ô
첻ȥδˣҪȥɽ

ҿ˵ԭȫһֱľʹɽ80ףҪȥһѣ

ѽҲ滹˵ʩ괺ڲſʼӪҵİ˵º¸£綼ھٰ춯ļ껪ȥ
ڳԺ⼸ϣҼӽӦ
½ɵĻ磬ȷҲûȥΪӽ࣬ӦҲ̤㡣
ȥ޷аȥȥɣƱ
ŵʱһ߿ӽҲԼͽЪһ졣
ӽľǱ档
ƱҼ㿪ǰͷУһƬ
ҼԵ㣬˵˵ѽ
ðУԼĳˣƬµһſɰԵЦ֪
Եĸ׺СƴָߣСһָ߷˼λöԣŤȥʽԵùãƴѽ
꣬ȴԵϵЦסˡ
ûùЦ
ùãùãڿʲôѽΪùΪֻϿ˺ȤĶСԴʹչȥˡ
Ҳ뿴ùùЦôĵʲô
֪Եһֻ࣬ۻɳĻľעָߣһɫٿӿڴ״Ȼͼֽ
ƴҪ죬Եӵ̺һߵĸ˵ҪϢһط䴦һ¡
ŮЦûʲôͬͷţæ
֪ŮĸжҲ֪ŮҪġе鷢ˣ˵ܻнٵġ
ҪԵҪԵҪԵ
һӱԵޣ˽ĸףҲҪõ°סԵ
Ѿʧȥ̫ˡ
ʧȥŮˡ
ȽԵ¥ŮĻƵĶ̣ҸոտùöֻЦˣùõӵġ
˵ŻֻССֵʳָԼ϶ʾ̿
㶣Ůͷǿ϶ǹù˵ùЦ٣Ϊ̫æ̫ۣΪϲؼǡ㿴ùòôָ𣿻̻㷽ǰƴ꣬Ȼճһף͸ùõ𣿡
ţҪԼƴ
ص󣬽Ե̨߳
ϵ£ոԲˡ
ԵؼҺõһʱжױܴƬĲϸڿƣ̬ҼӦùòС
Ҽ֪ˣ
Ҽ˵ʵ
Ҽȶ߶ˣһû[] 
Եȥ˺ܶط
Ҽ԰ܶࡣ
ҼҸͬ꣬۵Ҫ͸װƵģ߲ͣ˵ͣҶɣǵϻʱǲ鱨ҵ䡣
ӽľ״̬Ҽ˵ģ˼Ҳźľ
ԵҲǷ绪ïꡣ
ԵԻһЩеĿ
Ҽȥ硣
ҼҪȥɽҿ
Ҽȥ԰û̼Ŀ
ԵûС
ҼҲûСǵһȥ
Եġ
Ҽţȥжױϴˡ
Ҽܼѽ
Ҽء
Եţټ
Ҽ꣬Ե˼԰
ĶԻ족ɾ
˳΢Ž棬ͨ¼ҵĺ룬ָһԥ˹ȥ

ĩĻ磬ȺҲûɽ˺ĵز
һͯδӽһ԰ֻˡ˲࣬ɽĵһĿ
ֱ񫣬ͣȥ⼸̼ġ
ҼͷҲգŴ˷ļľ
˲ˣҸоҪˡ
ӽڱ˦ͷζĺɫҰ׵·߳ϥͣˣ㣬ҪԵ㶫ѹһѹθĶġȥԶȻҪˡ
һôͣ˰ɣ
ҼıĵĻǳģȥϢ
ĶҪ
ӽֱӣҼĸ첲ҸɡۻΡ
ӽһζ·ڳŵͽʳվȥ
ܴ󣬲ֻһƷվʳվɢڸ
ٽ磬۴οͶ𽥶Ⱥӣ˺һھӶࡣ
Ͳһ嶹лл
ͣҼ˵ϵȡ
ʱüŶcos˽ССɧ
ΧգҲܲܺӰġ
һ֪ĶСŮ˵ȺײŲҼۼֿס򴦵·
СŮ֮£תͷǱһİץסˣŵô󺰡ùãùá
СŮȺײҼԼߡ
ñ·һȺߡ
ùãۣҪùáСŮȴΪҼǻˣҪ֡
Сѡ
Ҽ˵ԼǻˣһӰͳ˹СŮﱧߣſʲô˰ˣ


40 
Ϊ, ҼһѼñ
Ϥ
̧ͷһȷʶˡ졣
죿
Ҽ㣿쾪
찢, ҪùãùأùĶСŮ˫ֻĲۿת
ҼҼŶùڽӵ绰˲úҼ˵СŮתȥѰԵ
ڳһָֻԵڷλ㿴ùþǶء², ˮȥҹùúòã
ʲСŮ˵ˣǲߡ
;Եֻˣź, 쿴Ⱥʱ˸, Сǰܵÿ죬˸ոһĻ
Ҳˮˡ
ҲӦ, СǱŵˡ
֮, Сı, ƣܿҼ
ԲҼҼ, 찢̲ã찢ߵ, ûҼҼأոס, ǻŶùõġ, ֪ʲô˼԰ɣ
Ļ, СϵıɾתΪɻȻǺ, ̶ͷţ֪
ڶС۾ʱҼȴˡ
Ů˫׵۾⡭̫ˡ
ϴڽԵҵĵŮſڴ˼ͷûῴ
棬ôľ룬Ҽܺؿĳࡣ
Ǵ۾Ǵ۾ĸֵ˫ߣӱȻĽᾧǴ͡ɫǴüۡĳһ⺢Ӷɹ̳˸ĸŵ㡣
Ժŵ˵Ҽʵ￴ĳƯС
죬㺰ҼҼǡĸҼҼѵʳڡ
ҽнҼŮԼ˵֣ҶҼ˾ȷش𣬡˵һǸдҼ
̼䣬ҼУһƬհףҲտյġ
󣬶˽Ե
ȻΪγμʱԵҽ˵ֺת˲ŵľ㵡
ðһ䣬Ҽĸ֣
ҴдġҼ
δֱʱͶ˵սӣڴһɰһƯŮ
ֻҲ뵽ŮнҼȡͬһ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪʲôҪ
˵磬벻ټ
Ҽˡ
ֻ
ԼϱһǸʮĻˣⱲӲŻᱻүһδ׽Ū
Ҽ㣿ҲܾȰɣֻΪֵɺ϶е̾Ҳǽ֪ܼиôƯСҾȻҼͬһ֡˵ԵǺ档
п꣬üԽҼ˵ҼҼ찢̸˵Ŷλ̽ҼҲһǸдҼ
Ҽ۾һ𣿡
Ȼģ찢ôƭء
118ȡ͡
ʳվԱظ𣬡118118Ź˿͵ĲƷˣ뼰ʱȡ͡
ҼŴӾлŲƱȥȡͣ118
ˮ𣿡ԵҲ̫ɡ˹
绰ʱͿ챧ŽҼڸ˵Ȼñס˰;ѾȷˡżǸˡ
ܣϲãҼˡ
ĽҼС찢̷ȥԼߡ
ѽҼŵϣҼȥǣԵ֣ùã찢˵˵ǸĺѣҲиһҼ
Ҽȡ˲ͣתԵͷڶСŮ˵
ţǸ̵ȷǹùʶѣԺհ̣Ҫò֪𣿡
ţҼҼ֪ˡ
վ£ȥýԵ̫ɡܣɡҰɡ
Ϣһûš
ϽӵԵĵ绰ΪйأûʱС԰˵һ˸㲻Ҫ֡
쵼Ծܾ
Ե˽˵翪ҵҲû쵼򵥣һҲ
ллԵɡ졣
ȡʹҼס񣬻߽ԵԼñӡ
΢΢ѹ°ͣȻغܡ
Եϳس԰Ϊ˸еˣܳȻϲظԵк

ȡʱԹˣĶͽá
Ҽ
־ԽһƬ棬ɽѣݲ
룬⾿Ǳź̬Ůȡ룬Ե֪йһνֻθ룿
Ҽ֮ԽнҼĸҼһϵû
δĳһ죬Ĺʶƣ˵ҼҼûаëǮϵԼš
Ե𣿽Եļ˻
ҼֻԵš
ǽҼŲغհá
ĿٴСŮϣӰӣҲнԵӰӡ
áҼҼ
ҼҼ֣вڡ
Сʱ˾ôģѧϵҪõͬѧҲô
ֱ˴ѧѧУһֻȫУ˴پͽһһҲһ㣬ǲűܿҼҼǳơ
ٺҼҼűȽϵ仯ǳƸְչֳԽԽҲûôˡ
ŲߣڽԵͽҼǣϡ
Ҽ֪ԵһֳϵĮʧˣǲ̧ͷҿԵ
һ־ʧˣθýԵ֪Ĵɩ⣬һŮˣʱŷµŮˣ
޷Ĩɱдڹĺۼ޷ĨɱǶʹֲĻ䡣
ȥǹȥ
ڻĲ⣬Լ֮Ķ
Ƶ粻
ǵƤĺڸ׽Բذ㣬ʱƶʱںƲ
ҼҲǸƤĺӣҸط
֮һһ
ҪʱӦУҪЩʱ޸ѿˡ
Եֵȫȫİܴ˿ȥӵԵǶԽԵ¡
ʱ첹ϵѿڣԵ˰̡
εˣ
ô͹˰ɣ
һһͲָŵϴﻹмСԣԾյҼǸһģ
Ҫٲ廰ܱԼ쵼ɢɪɪˡ
ˣôȫûԤеľ籾չأ
֮ǰϵܺгǢл𻨣ôͻȻԣͬʱֵǣƽһҼưˣ
ţұһġ
ľȳҼԶ񣬡Щ̼ĿеܣǱߵҡ
켱ˡ
ﺰξѹĸﶼ˸顣
Եǲ˵ҼҲûġ
ǣһ߹۲Եɫһ뷨ӻͻΣۿҲ緹ʱˣҼȥչ˱ãˮȻǡһȥǱϢ˳һ緹
ûˡֻܰһ߻Ƿֿߵľˡ
ΪѣҼԵһԼʾԼ
ѹסʧ΢̧˵ͷܵԼƽ׺͡
ǳ緹ɣ
ڽԵĴϣʶûԵе⣬ùǻ˵仰ӱˡ
Χȥȥ
̸Цй˿ʹߵеԱߺȵ֣ܳҼȴκ
ڵȽԵĻش
ڵȽԵĻش
ҼҲͷڵȽԵĻش
ҶڵȵԵĻشǰ˾ҼڿֻˡͼЯʵã챳һСͺ˶Ҵʱ
һ죬ӵ绰ǱܷӦ
Ҳû룬ѿڶԵ㡭һ¡
ʶ׺İˣҲûĿæֻ˽Եġ
Ӧұôġ
ǱʶԵεˡ
֮ǰԵҲӹһε绰
յԵɿŽҼ֣Ҽһðֻ
ҼҼ
ûҼ֣ҲƵʹߣ찢ʲôѽ찢̸򡣡
ˣøϽȥϻ»ѪԾȡҼҼСԴ˼鰮˺ߣʵʵʵλŮ˵òᡣ
롰ԹϡϵҲ̫ˡ
óֻĻϹȻʾӽ硣
úܼʱ
Ҽ˵ͷԵ˽ֻٵߡ
㣬·𣿣
˶࣬˻ӡͣٺֵѣϹһȥ緹
ѣôɣŮ˧ѽҼ
Ҽӵ˾֪ˡ
绰Ҷϡ
Եְֻװؿ
лл

ѹյõ˻⣬ΪҼллָԭˡ
ҼʶΧϸ΢仯ֱԼӣʱôˣ


41 
Եôϲ֡֡ʳ˼̻Ů, Ե޹ĩżСֽӵĻأ
֪Ե, żȻǽԵĸļᡣ
ȴⳡˡ
˽Եģ˽Եġ⡱
һֺᶨԼԽԵİҲᶨԼǽԵǾˡ
Եȴ˽Եġ
Ϊ˻ηΧ, ҼͼҲֶŮܿɰƯǸ۵ޣ㳤Ҳ͵Ļ, ˿˹ƶΪǡĺӡ
, ҲôΪ
ҼǴֲģͲ̬ٴýԵԼǸͷβĴŮˣȻô׷԰ֻ֮
h˵, Ϳ֮ǰ, Եֶ
Ҽ֮ǰ, ԵԼҲš
ɷϵǣʼʶʱ, ȷʵΪҼҼҼͬһֶҼ˼ֹע
ֲǹؼػءϲҲҼ֡
Ҽ԰˽ġ
һ, ܸҼżǾղײ, ˳µؽҼܸʶ
ҼΪ, Ҳպ󳤴ʮҪһ, Ҽ̸飬ǾͱܽҼ
ǻ·, Ҽܲˣ˻صԭ㡣
ΪԭûҼ
ҼôСȴȱʧ̫ࡣӦɹػĺͰûġ
̫ˡ
ڡ顱֮һֵĿ⣬ʮ궼δо͸ġ
ΪҼŵȳذΪҼʮΪ
ȴԭԼˣ˲еô
ǣԵҲǸ˼
֪Ů
Ҿǵڿһÿ
ҼﰭµıܺСԸˡ
Ȼ֪ԽԵ˵һ죬û뵽ô죬һǺ׼¡
Լ
ԵĺܸˣҾǡȫû԰ֵط㣬ոջýҼǻˣſˡ
ҼıίĿҲֿ
ôˣ
͡ո߲СıοײץӰ˹ǿҴñӣǵݵֹ/СĻˡ
ԵһĻйЩԶĻû£ȫǶԽԵǸΡ
æӵ绰ͽԵվøˡ
ԵɫûôˣĽͺʾƺݣԴζԵҰñժ˰ɣϸңôǻ˰
ԵĽ͡
ǺҲûʩѹ
ˮǣŽҼʱͿԼ쵼ҼȡñӣҼͷ
żӰôֻ籾ˣ
Լǲó
ΪʲôԼڵʱǾͽţ
ҪԱˡ
찢̣Ҽ˻֣ͷʣǸհ̸ùʶܾǲǾһ𰡣
ţհ̸ùʶüˣհǸܺõˣҲܺùÿĵˡ
Σ˵硣
Ҽ㣬ǿȥðɣܶ컯ˡⶼͷˣܲỹһ緹ɣ
߽󣬽Ҽɿ죬СܹȥסԵ֡
˿ժñӵҼֵùãҲԱܡ
ȥ򣡡ڹ̨ҼҲû˵ҪԱܣֻƿˮ
Ҽ첻á
ԵǸҲǲģûҪ͸ȳŰɣͦů͵ģ¶Ҳ̫ͣ
ԵͷſͰ͵ĽҼͷллհ̡
ҼֳҼһСҼǰͷ˵հ̣ùҳԱˡ
Ҽƾɢ£ͲСصݵҼ죬ٶһֽĽӴĲ֡
ŶáæӰֽ
ллհ̡

ҼҼ찢̰֡
ڵϣʪֽѽҼֶֻһ飬øֽͲײһ㡣
ҼԹϵлл찢̡

̫Ҽȴú󱳷̣ΪԵΪչ˽ҼĲӣһһС档
ߵÿ죬ѱܸӽ࣬ҲȸӽѹѹԵ𷢻ա
ӽֱŮɣbgȡһ㶼ϲŮ
Ҽ½ԵڸղŵĹ£û˵ϸҼ˵Ǽ¡
Ҽ㣬ûи˵ҪҼҼĸ
ţûСһ𣬡ôˣ
Ϊʲôû˵Ҿ㣬ϾҼҼôɰѲᵽİְ衣
ãллˣһעġ
Ҽ챻ľˡ
̫ɻȴ޴Ѱٴ𰸡
ѵԵˣ飬ͲǽˣԵΪλҪȫҸڴͷأ
˺һӵӽָ˴ԪԶԶҼӭ˹ȥ
㣡
Ҽѱܵݸ˳ܵұãӽࡣλڹʶѣ졣
á
á
˵ͷкˡ
ܶˡ
ӽϽһڣǺֶմˡ
ҼҲճ֣æӰͳֽ֣һλѴֶŮ̫ЦҲ˼Сİ裬֪𣿡
ǹüˣӽȻҼˣ罻ִ绹Ƕġ
֪
ŽԵ߽ӽ֪ΪʲôҼ˵Цˡ
ֻһۣӽܶ϶Ǵӱѩ߳ˡ
ٿȻҼѼñΨһһСǻòΨⶥñʮΥ͡
㣬ʲôʱʶŮģӽ̾
ȣӽࡣ
˵ӽԵȥ
ŮãҼıӽ࣬ո𣿡ӽ೤ƽҲһϡ
áԵ֣Ե
ҼӽĶɼö˵Ĺϵܡ
ҼˣӦѺ
СѣѽԵӽèȥҼкһ˫ˮĴ۾һŷ۵С̫ϲˡ
̺á
ӽڶСҼҼһ粽ߵԵϣñӣллԼðɡ
ñҿħ˿ϡ
óһƿմˮݸԵܣ
ҼͽԵͬʱڰоˡԵȷ£ҼˮšŵݸƿһֱԼ
ȽԵһڣҼȻȻӹƿǺƿܷ˺һȱǡ
æһƿҼ˳ưѽԵƿûŽӣҼ㣬Ҳ˰ɣ˺üƿ
лл
ֻһƽòƽĺˮСӽ춼⧲رιһ조
ӽסҼ첲ͷ㣬Ҷˣǿȥ緹ɡ
ԶѱŪϡҼƿ
ӽױãǰҲбŵιȵʱ򡣵ŽԵ棬ҼǾеŤ
ԵԵСԴҼҼ߰ɡ
ҼҼӽעٴ䵽ҼϣСҲҼҼ
ҼӻţúˣǸҼ
ôɣֵӦòɣҼҼҲҼҼӽྪ󣬴űζЦ˿ҼͽԵ
Ǿ仰ô˵ţŶСԵǧᡣ˵ʱˡԵֵ
ӽ㡣Ҽס죬˼СѶ֪Ҫò
ӽڵǰò
ģĴһСҼ˿ζȥ̨µԵҲ漴˹ȥ
ҼöתŷֽԵԼ󣺡ܣ
ҼҴĺӣ¸꣬СĸףҲһȥ°غԭ֮ǰҸ࣬ҲϤҲСֱ죬Ҳ㲻׽
ԵûӣֱӸҼҼĽһЩĸĸ޷Ϧɳھԭлᣬպһٸ㡣
ãˡ
ӽԵĻУҼַһֿܣҼİְǳˣǺܾö֡
Ϊ˲ýҼΪ˼ģԲŲְ衣
ĻǵļʾС֮Сˡ
ͽԵȶнԵĺܣİǽ⣬ûȥĿ
ԲҲ޿ܻᣬδĳռˣһҲĬװزʶ
ʲôأ
Ƴӽ죬ҲȽ϶࣬ҼסԵ֣˿ߵĵط


42 
˵һϹ, ҼŽԵ֣ĵ¶֤Լϡ
Ե, һ㶼Ҫչ˺ͺӣ׵ˣǣǷλȻġҼң֪̽ҶС̬ȣҿӹҺܸεظ˵ֻҪ, ֻҪˣҶǺá¡һĸףһ, ֻҪѡ, ҾͻᰮһС
˵˵ţͻ, Ҳ֪, ұıû, ɡ˵庢Ӻ峤ڻ, ֤ǡ
Ҽһƽ⣬, ҼĶ
ȻҼ˵⣬Ǿһǲ⡣
Ҽίߵس͵, ֪ǰŵ˵Ҽжി档
Ҳ֪Ҽвܶ˵Ļ, ж˵ڵĻ, ҲţҼ۸
ҪʱʵҼ, ΪԼϺͼͥȱͲ֮Ҽ̫ˡ
ܿǿƻȡӦ棬ϣԼǿǿƶöԷ˳öԷΨΨŵŵ
ҼҲĸ߰а˵
ϲҼĶһģסǱȳǽĺƤҲϲ
Ҽ¶򶯣Ե΢üͷչĴָҲҼֱ޵Ħš
ǳǳЦҲû뵽ֹԼᱻĻðģһҪĻҷǡ
ԵЦҼظ
ӽԵģ㵽ǿһҰ
㡣
н𣿡
ԵǵЦŨ׳ҡβ͵С죺ûİŵĻҿͱóԷϹأ򵥣С
ĳϲüЦۣаɡڽôгķϣҾΪѴǰɡ
ƶ졣
ɵúööʳҵˡ
˵𡰶족Ե뵽ĲҼ˵ʳǡǡ
ǰ̨ϣǰڳڸġǡ

԰ʳҪЩͣ˸Ը̸˭չ˭
Ϣˣ˴Ӳ뿪
㱾һ쵱ȵʱΣ̫ͱɫƲ֪ˡ
Ϊ֣ҼʽҼСʲô
СϲֵԵʣͬе˶ˣϢԱ˽ͷ֮磬ҼԱøӻÿˡ

иʩȻҲǵʮµС
ֻͬתľͱĴԵ˵Σգȥ
հ̣ȥòãҼҵ˷ҼָָǱߣʱ·ġ
ҼĻ̾һСӽǰߣӽ࣬㶼Щˣʲôûģȥѽ
ԷǻԽԵСֶŮ԰žͶ⿪ˡ
Ҫ˵֪ܲҼҲ԰Ǵš
ӽҲǸţһ緹ʱѾһƬˡ
˽⵽ҼԵǹҲҼԵ֮ϵ򵥡
죬ǹ֧Ұɣ
ǿҼܻӣҲԸܴҼҼ
˰ɣԵ˾Լ쵼Ƹҷչ˵ģ
ѽûµģͱҵĴˡӽңЩĿԸһӡ첻֪ӽҼȡǷ֪飬ִڻΪҷҼҲҪڼ׷ǰȡøѽ˵԰ɣ
ӽͷһĿȻ
ҼҪܰλŮ׷ָɩֻˡ
㣬Һ춼ȥǸˮĿŲôˣȥȥ
ӽĺҼͽԵͬʱǰ
һ½Ŀļž޴ˮɽ
Ҽҡͷ֣ȥɡ
Ҳ󺰣Ҽ㣬ܺҼҼͰչӽȥȻ绰ϵ
Ҽ˸okƣúϻԴ͡
ģ
͡
ðҾͺƤŽܻԻˡİҺӽȥŶˡ
ӽȥǵˡ
ҼҡҡҼ֣հ̣
ûѾͷڸǰԹɫضͽԵҼڶˡ
Ҽ𣺡հ˵˵ʲôѽֻҪģҺ͹ùöȥ
һȥǸ
˳ŽҼָķȥĦλá
ǸΣգһ԰һĿҼҲڴԵָ𣿡
Եҡͷ
ƽûо¹¡
ҼĵغҼȥȥĦ֡
ѽѽҼסҼĲ˵һ£ллհ̣հˣ
׵⣬Ҽȴ÷J
ҼôɶֿɰƯС˭أ
ҲڽҼһڣõǹùáǹùôС԰ŶҪйùõͬ⣬հ̲ܴȥ
ҼҼевڣԾһֱСȫûע⵽ԵһһСʱʲô顣
ÿһԵҼ΢
ڹµҹٱġ
ţùˡҼϵ
ǲҲӦ׹ùһ°Ҽպ塣
ȻҼȴԥˡ
§ҼתȥһԵĽԵΪļУùôû׹̵ֻĹ׹ιùáһȥùùյʱһǳϦҹʱ
Ҽ䳯Ե߽ЩɫǶȣýҼ΢̽ͷ׵
ҼᣬҼһֻ־ܱסڳһֻȥԵָ
˹ùãǾȥŶ
һеýԵĲ
ҼҲɿڽԵһ¡
ַɿתߵſҼϣ˹ùˣհǿȥɡ
ҼŽҼԵȫ̶ܷɣֻǾǣʱ򣬻ͳֻƬ
ҼͽҼаַĿЦûġ
ǵЦݸȾԵҲرůģԸǵġ
Ħ֣ҼѽҼֱãԣץסŶ
š
ĦֽСֻһలװΣֻ2-3ˡ
Ҽм䣬ֻڽҼϣµ˻лζҪʱס
һĦ֣Ҽ쳣˷ܣ˫ְŻ¿
ùãڶҲԽԽСˣҲԽԽСˣ찢ĶҲ
Ҽͷ׽˹ùϵЦ
ʱҼҲŽԵָ֣
ԵĴһëڽխĿռԵܵǴ
ҺöҼҼЦŲԼͺĳȥ¶Ϊ֪
Ҽ˿
Цǲǲм䣿
úӡԵ˵ų֣Ťͷȥһߵľɫ
ҲǳôһĦ֡
ǰĦǸߴ羰Ĺߡ
ϹĦָߵĴ¥Ҳǰ׳۵ķ羰Щ羰ȴġ
Ե㿴̫ˡ
ٴαҼסתͷұ߿һŰǶŽߡ
ɫĹâ˷أһʥ⣬ɢ˼Ҳɢ
Ươ
ҼҲһ̾ùãǰ̿òã
Ҽ˶ŵ֣յźź󣬽Եá
촩ᱡõп£ɫţпƽЬֻûʱ㶵
ҼڴĿŽԵҼſֻҡ
ȻҲԼֻգٴԵҼڴǺ͹ùһƬֻ̣͸ýԵֻģǲһġ
ԵûгɣָֻƽݸҼ
ͷͼܺҡ
ùùõֻġ㿪־ֻ׼ƯƣָһĻƶǸطԣо۽ǲǸ
ţİƣҼÿơ
ٰһĻұǸɫԲͼ꣬ܰ̿ఴ¡
ҼָʾСʳָհťһ˺ü¡Ҳֻ̹գùõֻǵһá
ȲѽĿķ̣հ̣Ƭǲĺѽ
ҿţĵˡҼᣬ⼸žĵŶĵã̿һҲϲ
ھ͸̿ҼһŤȥԵùãҡ̴绰
ͬСȣҼⲻ㳳֣ҪҲ
Ħֺƽȣ޷磬ûҡι
ڰȫ
Ե򴽲ģҼе
ҲýҼգѧŽҼ޵ץŽԵĸ첲ҡ󣺡ùãǸ̴绰
춨Ե𣿲ܶԷʲô˵ʲôԼоԼƶܰݡ
Ʃ˿̣ûûƤҼԵһֺּЦֻҡ
ΪҼ԰С԰
ΪҼҲĦ֣Ħϸ˷ܵСһĸ״绰
ЩǼ˼ƽ֮£ǼΪġ
ǰڹڶǣңҲϵȻλ鰮ƺǱƷ
ǸҼӴ֮Ը˿
ҼİҲԸҼİȥ顣
Ү֪ùˡ
ĳˣ걦ݻֻ˫ִӽҼҸ´ССޱ𶯣ұ㵽мùһ̴绰
ţллհ̣հҲˡҼСõĨƵģҲ֪˭̵ġ
Сϲ
Сôߵ̣˻ˣ
Ĭšۻǿ󡱣һϽԵĿ⣬Ҽˡ
̷룬첻ĽԵǸ߻ǲأ
̸ֲߣ
ĹĳһѡÿԵûгĳ˵ĿͲĳ˿ĳ䣬ĳ˵սľĺˡ
ҼмҼһֱֻ令ƽ⡣
֪ҼѧҲԵ˽ùùùãǸ̴ƵҪ̽Ħ֣˺ܺÿƣʶ˺öƯİ̡
ÿܹǼ죬żҲһùôƵÿζֻ˵ϼӵĻ
ûиùһ̴Ƶأһж˵ǵһΡ
һСԣƵʹ绰ͽһܿˣһܿˡ
л޻֮еѡ£Сѡл档
ҼĻһҼͽԵԼͬԷ
ҼԾұ߿Ų˵λá
ҼܵľѾˣòײŻһЩҪָͨƵ棬֪ԼܴܲӦԣҪ೤ʱٴƽ
óԼֻƺͷ羰աȻԼݼж׾Ӷһ֪


43 
ҼʶֳĿܺͲ, ûӹԵ۾
һ˿ӵͷԽҼ˵Ҳ˯, ȰƬ̣̿Ƭظˣٸ̴绰𣿡
ԵɭȻҼ׺͵ɲͬ
һùʡ𡱣Ҽֻеͷ˵áķݶ
΢ϷƬȥֵҼҼԼĵƬ̷
Ϣȥ, ҼһֱĻԵҲһֱ״̬
ɺüӶûյظ
ҼȾˣҲû˸ղŵĸ߰, ǳĽҲĦֵ߿˵档
ҼҼ, ϢһϢˣùû㡣
ۿҪ, Եֻ
űԱ, Ҽ, ȴҼţСԴõ͵͵ġ
ҼС˶, ĺ󱳰οǵĿֵվˡ
Ҽ§ס, ࡣ
ǰĺ鵴Ȼ޴档
һ̵Ҽѡ
, ողö㿪ġҪǲ, ټһԵǸƵ, ҼͲʧѹˡ
۽ҼҲֽԵԼ̵浽λܰΧ١ˡ
Եʱһ, ڿķӦֵ΢Ȼһ㣬ͨƵ˵Ͳȥˡ
ֺڴˣ
ʱÿ˶ǹƽģΪ˭ת
߳ҼھθиǿˣСĺʣ𣿡
Ҽšһʣհ̣𣿡
ء
ܶ౧һ𣿡
Ȼܰ
ҼԵаĶԻ
û˵ĻҼ̧ͷίûùùñ㲻
Ե˵԰͸ǰԼˡ
ȣԼǰӦҪȫԼߣẰۿҪ˱Σ˵ˡ
ۡء
Ҽѵô޳ת˸Ҽй
۵߲ΪĦûиͨƵ¶ģ˱
ܿ͵Ҽϡ
Ҽæĺ壺ˣùò㡣˵ˣհ뱧㣬ùҪҡ
ҼޣкܴΡ
ԽýҼԽ벻ô塣
ڻϼң˼ҵСУ޷ǾǹϷҲûʲôе¡
СӽԵǶȣԶŷͬѰС
ʱҼľ뺦£ԼԣڽҼ׽ԼԽҼۡ
ϲҼԽҼãԵֵҼĹֶϵ
ԣհ̲ãӦùʲôԼհϣհ̸ùõǸ
Խ壬ҼԽǿ޵
Ҳ̫ˣ겻ҼһֿԵ
ýԵ˵庢ӵĻײǹڡ
ǺϰɵĹؼڣҲרעԼ˽ʵȸѽ׶Ρֻ꣬ҲӦöΪԼ˵ĻҪ˵Ҳһ簮ĳɳʲôô
ҼһŽҼı˵ԵСĳԺͽʽҷǳܹ⡣ҽǸкӣҲô˵ģҼѾҼɵСˡݽأô·Ҳû˯
ϲͱŰɣ⡣ԵúӵĿѹѹҵøҼۡ
ԼĻԼ
ҼֻԼΪʲôûж೤ֻ֣ŽҼҼͬʱҲȥǣԵԵˡ
յദҲֵģԵ߲ʣúܣʵ׽ûʲôֿ
ǣ֡ӵǣֻҪԵ񶼲ܾ
Ҽ
ûˣỹžžવͣ
޵Ҽġ
ԵҰһֽѱתԵ
˸ʪֽԵվҼࡣ
չһʪֽҼ°ͣһԲظ۲顣
øֽһ飺˲ˣ㿴հ·ʪˡ
Сֹס˿ԵֽݸԼհ̲һ¡
ҼһɫףͷҼʪɫ
Ҽһ߲һߵǸհ̶Բ𡣡
ôòСҼ·ŪŪʪ
ûϵ̫ɹɹ͸ˡ
ԵȥͱҼʹӦĵ˰ɣ绰Ķûȥˣ׶³ˡ
ϵ죬Լˮʳվϡ
Ǳߣͨ˹ԵסҼԵȣҼ̵绰
Ҽͣ󣬽ԵĽҼ̵绰㲻𣿡
󣬰ᡣ
ԵԵǻ԰𣿡ӵ绰ﴫ
ԭЩĪŵҼԽԵĳƺ󣬱ͷ͵֡Ӷʱץס˸첲
ţ׼ȥˡѣҴҼҼһԷȥ̲õǡҼҼİɡ
ԵҼҸ첲־ֻҼͷýҼ̽
ӽǿȥסҼһ
ҼҼ˵ʲôѽĵƬ̸̶ˣرÿĵرá
̣ҽˣתľĦ֣Ҳ˹ùõĺѣǺƯƯİ̡
Ŀ𣿡
ţġ
ľͺáҪùõĻԹùõҪòأùԺŻᾭȥҼҼµĹԺӣʲôºúøù˵ܿ޲֪ܳ𣿡
֪ҼǸصסµССС;ѧ˱ϲǣùõС棬Ҳ˵Լί̣һȥϸ㽲ĵ¡
ã㽲
˵绰ԵҼˣЦʲô
ҼŽҼ˸򣬻ЦԵԵЦ
ԵԵԲԲͬŶرƤСʵ벻һɽҪⱻyuanyuanķ
ҲֻѳѧŽĿǣܰԵԵڡ
֮ͥ£Եû취ֻһĪҪ̫ɱ㶪˳ǰˡ
ӽ˼ˮĿһס壬Ǵʪ˲١
컹õ㣬ҪǿȺͷʪöࡣӽͱȽϲˣ±Сĳãº󱳺ƨһƬŪʪˡ
㣬ʲôȥˣ棬Ҳ档
첻ʣܺ˼ʡ
ȻСġҼͽҼС˵˼䣬ϡ
볤׵ݸӽࣺʪˣŮӻעҵױǼǻһ¡
ӽŤ壬˿Լʪ͸ƨɡ
һɫ㣬ʪɫررĿ
ҼһһtһסֻǸ
˻ףҼҼ𣬽Ҽҡͷʾհ̣ˣԼߡ
Ҽοصͷԡ
ӽ࿴öٿԣŹ˶ãô⺢ӾҼˣ
һè塣
Сգٴƶ
ҼҼԵǰ˿ŵһ̵Ӱӣһʲô
ҼҲע⵽Ӱӡ
վ˵м䣬ӰӶ˺ܶࡣ
ǰܳȥüӰӵĸ߶ȸӰƽʱ˵㵸
תԭصļ˺Ҹùúհһˣ
˵˻վԭλá
ùáհ̣뵴ǧ˵ȥԵ֣ȥҼ֡
ǧ
ԵͷҼҼ
ðҺ͹ù㵴ǧҼ˲׽Ҽ˼Ե˵Һһһһһͬʱϣƺþ
ҼһͣԵҲˡ
ӽŵĬĬ˿Ҽһһġһ
죬˵Ǹӣ治쵼Լ𣿡
ǡɡ
ôɵ£
аɣҽ죬ⲻۼ𣿡
ӽ˳ֻģʽһĸЦ죬㿪΢ţѼһһcpʱǵôҰ

԰·ϣҼҼͽԵͬòֺĦϵѹԺˡ
ܾúܾöûôĹˡ
Ҳܾúܾöûܵ谮ĸоˡ
Ǻƽ̶ĳ谮һİ
ǡְİ
԰ܶСѶںְ衣
УȴûС
԰ܶСѶĴ˻հ̻
ǲԼûаְˣҲǲԼûкְˡ
ֻ֪ԼнҼСҼҼ
У̺͹ùǣԼСʶĺͲʶЩһֱġ
죬Ҳ˺ˡ
̣ᣬЦҲᡣ
ϲ̡
оõùҲϲ̡
ϲ׽ճԼ
԰ܴͣ󣬷˶
ǳͣıˣһţҼʽԵߴ

Ҳ
ǵĳӶͣͬһͣԵĳͣ԰ſڸƽһںװ˶ͯȫεļó
ʱҼʱӦҲˡ
ֻǽҼҼرסȲֿհ̣ùõĳòã
ӽںĵͶһСξ롣
߽ҼҼ˵ʲô֪Լʲôˡ
ܣԿ׸㡣ݳԿס
㣬Կ׸ҡͬʱӽҼҪԿס
ĸղ
ҼֻԳɣ㽫ԿóҵĳϤ쿪ɡ
ģֲ·ɱ֣˵ûաӽԿףԵЦԵ㣬ҽͽ
죺
Ҽ
ԵףҿС
죺
Ҽ
ɹ̫ˣȥҼߴӽ࣬ȻߣҺõ󣬰Ѷλ졣
㣬ҪԹġ
ʲô񾭣
ҿΨһá㲻᲻ðɣ
ˣ
Ŷˣ˵ǽԵ͡
˭͵
Ե΢ЦסӽСƤ򣺡֪һһĻ԰ҹ󣬿Կԭҹ
ӽͷЦǾллԵҹöˣ뿴ģǽԵҼ⡣


44 
Եл, ӽϽȥҳӡ
ֱ
Ҽ˽⣬Ҽ鶯ĵʵ
Ե, ʮа/ҲҼ⣬ֻ˻׶Σû
ǿ˴˵ԼദʱĵεжϣԵΪСɩӵĸʣֽٷ֮١
һˣȱʮ֮һٷ֮һ
ΪҼΨһı, סɩһٴͣѰѹأ, ɣ
ӽԶ, ҼԼϵ˰ȫΡ
ԵҼȺ
Ҽǰżʻλ, Ǹ, ұֱڿ졣֪ҡ, ӦǿҺ㡭
Сڣ϶˵ޡ
Ե붮, š΢΢ͷʾԼˡ
֪ԵΪ, ƽٷжҼҲûʲôԼ˵ĻǽԵ졣
Ҫ, ٷˡԲС, Ե´
ǧŮһЦ
óֻʵ˵ǼҲ, ɽ𣿽ʲôְҸ췢λ
ɽ˼, λںԭбһɽͷ600ףɽй۾̨޿ջԼĴ԰ȣȫԭзضεҹ
ԭƻȥɽӽı磬Ǹг̡
Ե˲֡ҼﶣһǼҡ
ɽϵѹ۾޽ĲÿһֵĶǲͬĻ
ǰ֣ԼԭеһʽԺʡĽǰȥ򿨵οﲻ
˵ס޺ͲҲĹ
ʶȥյ˳࣬ҹò޵Ľռٷ֮һ
Ҽͺ񻶾İٷ֮ʮš
ȥ𣿡Ҽһ߸췢λһʽԵ
š
ŶҲ֪˭ȥġ
Ҽ֪ʲڡ
Ϣ󿿻ΣȥҼİȫôԼ۰ȫˡ
佱Ҽ¶һЦ˵ù˵׶԰ĴˣҪѧöö౾죬ҪԼԷԼϲԼ·Լͷ׶԰СѵİܱʦϲͱȻúܶܶС컨ؼң̶
ţù˵ûҪúüŶʱС컨һƬ԰ùÿ϶ͻٴˡ
ԺҾйùúհ̶ҡһܹԵģԼ·´Σ´βٿˡ
˽ҼĻҼˡ
ҼԴѾܹԺܹˡ
ֻҪԣԺҲԳԵûͷҲûٸɫʣȴ˵ģ´հ͡
䵭ļ仰úҼͽҼ˲ǣ۵Сۣſ˫ȥԷ
ҮùôӦˣҼҼ˲䣬հϱˡ

Ҽ̧첲ץţ°̵·ˮ
˵ִսҼıǼ⣬͵͵ָָǰαţûйù԰ɣ
ҼЦţùˡ
Сϵ
ҼҼ˸ĴָԷĵطкóһ·Ҫ˾˯ȵطˣհٽ㡣
Եʻͣ⻹һθҼ˾
ӺӾ￴ҼڶЦɵɵر˸ҮĶʱĲȷȷ
Լ˳嶯ľҲô·ȥҼͽҼȥһǰûر
հ̣Ҽ𣬡ҿһֱ𣿡
ڼҶҪ˯ġ
һ죬ֿЦģ˴ƨһմΣе᲻ˡ
Ҽȥ̯ƣȻѽ
հáллհ̡ҼֱҼַŽҼġ
СֱҼĴס
Դұƫƫܿͱ۽ˡ

ĴһСڻ٣ʮɽϡ
粻պøһ䡣
죬һš
ӽȥϣϦ߸߾˫֡걳ӰתVƣָ̫䡣
һ߿ĵƬһˣôϦǲ𣿡
첲죬͵ƽʱôæѵɽһˣҼ㣬ҼҼͽȥҼҼ벻ȥѽ찢̰հ̻йùһպòã
ҼǣҼ֣վڲŵڴ͸·һ㺦¡
ȻĦ֣Ħֵײ͸ӵġҽȥӿҼҲлץú¡
հ̣Ҽҡ֣ͷе£Ҳȥ°ȥǱ߿հ𣿡
հǲ£а
Ծͷֲ֣ŲǽţǰʱûٱӽЦЦʬľͷˡ
ҪǸԵҼգҼ˳øǿǰعˣ
˻ûƬȱˡ
δ֪Ŀ־УٴҼļ䡣
ԥӽһ£ˣ֪־ͷգͰĴҼҼȥǱ߿羰ðɣ
ӽҡͷ̾첲죬ȥǱߵĻգˡ
ҪԼұ̸˵Ŀռ䣬Ҳձ˹顣
ʢС߿ҼʽҼհ̲£Լ߹ȥհ̱ȥ
Ҳ£ҪԼ߹ȥ
ԼֿһĽԵ֣ùãһȥòã
Եһš
жԡ
Ҽڶš
мĽҼ
ֶֻԼεĹùúհ̣Ī
߰ס
ϻбοͣҼͷСֻ͸ȥ
ߵζ˲λҼѽҼ
ͬʱԵ
ҼͽԵڿ羰ҼڿԵ
ˣڿǡ
³ӽҼͻ˸Եס
ҼͽԵıӰӰֵһСǾ䣬û˻ǵԱߵĹϵʲô
Ϊпģֻһܰͼ
һߵӽ죬һγ䵱ӰʦǼ¼Ψ˵һĻ
죬˵쵼Ҽұ㣬ҪһˣԺ˭ѽԵôõĻ˷˶ϧ㿴ҼҼС޿̫Ưˡ
ϡ
˼άûӽԾԾ
ྵcp״ԶԶ̸ңɼľⰡ
ʲôʱ˳ҼŮѵʱǻ᲻飬᲻Ҫӵ°ɡ
죬û˵ѽ
ˡ
㲻˵ҡ
˼ӽ̫࣬ˣû˵˶

ѡò͵仨ҡɫɫɫɫӳֵ
Ա˵ҼѵһȨʵظ˽Ե
Ƕﶼ죬ȵͽҼϲԵĲ˰ɣǼٿŵ㡣
ԵҼ˵Ϥ
˵ѵֱߣȥһ磬嵭ˬڵģͽҼԳԡ
ҼڶͯϣҼͽԵһߣӽһߡ
ǰҼ⣬Ҽǵһչ˵ӽ࣬һչ˵ıɽԵˡ
ӽֻ˷Ϣɫã
Ҽֻͷ棬һϢ͵˳
ĻֻʾϢδʾϢľݡϢһ˹ȥ
ӽ̧°ͣߣʲôɣ˵𣿡
ҼЦû˵ú׼
ӽһֻСãҪ̵ַһͷҰǣֻֽϻͶˡ
С鷳Ҽãһաӽϸߣ˵ʲôҪԷǰϳԡ
ҼŲ֪ɽлƫɽУ˵ġ
Ͼܾˣ˲
ӽǰ񫣬ϻԼܿͻͣˡ
ۣ䲻֪ڴʲôգ챻˵ĻЦ
Ҽ㣬ȤҲĽǽõĸôáҴС߶ûʲôͬݼСҲһӣʱúܹµررϣԼҲһҵĸ㣬³ִܶСȻѧҲʶ˲ѺͽãʼնȲôСһ𳤴ͬһ֡
ʲô㣬ʡǮԵʳͰѲ˵˶졣
ллܡ˽Եͣɲҷſ˵㣬Ѳ˵õӽǰӽ࣬ǹͣ㿴ʲô
Ե㣬ҾͲӽԽԵЦûôҪǵģֻԼĿڸ֮
ڶרעо˵֮ʣҼڳ׼ʱ͵͵Ե׽׽ˡ
ӵ£ƵȥԵӣԴʾҲ
˺ü£Եᡣ
ûˣתȥԵȵ⣬ָ/񵯸һԾ裬ʵ
Ǻε/еĲλԵĶܵס
Ͳ룬־ͳҼģ¡
һͱȵס
ҼƵóѣͷһЦָȴӲֵڽԵϲȥÿһˮ
һ֡͵/Ĵ̼
Եͣ΢ְϣƫͷһ
ҼѼ˽Ե־ζģ˵ҲͲ߱ˡ
ֻ棬۸


45 
ÿССֻ߰Ų, ƹҲʮ
ӷܵǽ涼͸ģ˿Ծͷɫɽµҵƻ
ԷԵһ, ǸһˡСŮųǱ裬ְֱֵڻССĸͷŸҼ͡
ӽӵļס
ְ֣ҪǱߡ
ְ㿴ɽϵôԲ
裬˵ϵŮǲҲڳѽ
СŮЬվɳ, Ų⿴һһְ֣һһ衣
, Сһ, ô˵ģ治ܴڰĵط, Ҫ赸, ľĹԺӡ
Ŷ, ֪ˡСŮɤӽСһ, ва
Ƥ
٣ԷյĿռ, ôСŮһʼѲҼע⡣
, ˵С˺ܶ, ʱʱЦ
ҼҼ, ȲҼ״̬õҲҼ
Ӵ࣬˲ٳ, æֽȥ֣ǲǳԲˣԾͲˡ
հ̣Ҳӡ
ڼҲʱͯΣϾˣ˵Բˡ
ͯεϰǽԵɵģҲǽԵ÷ԱĶͯΡ
ùúٻؼңùõĻҲһֱùõĻ
ǽţ̫û˺ջ˺ܶ࿪ģҲвġ
ҼܲסҼǱСģ˵ãˣհ̱հ̺͹ù
š
Ҽʱ˹ùõĿ⡣
ùĹʲô壬ùĹ¡
룬ùǲΪֲˣ
ڱҼʱĦʱһ§סҼĲ
ܵҼĲҼıͷԽԵӽ˵ҳԺˣҼӦǷˣұȥһ塣
Եһʣӽƣȥȥɣ庢֡
ĺ֮ҹ䲻䲻ȣɽϵҹҲˬӭ洵֮Ч
ҼŽҼǹۿĲţôתƽҼעȴһƵ۵ͯʵհ̣Ϊʲôûаְ裿

ȽԵҳҼѾſҼ˯ˡ
һ¡
ҼתͷͼԵȻ
ҲԺˣ
š
ϴҲһ𿴹ҵƻ𣿡
ҹˣҲǽԵζˣҼеˣŸҽȥʽԵ˭һ
ԵôƵһˣһɽϷ绨ѩµģһǺҪˡ
˵Ƕйǰ̲ס⡣
ûС
ϴǶ죬Ҳ죬û䣬ҲûϲšʱҼһֻ࣬ǲǵԼְˡ
Ŷ֪ԵǸһģҼܶˡ
ҼڶκԼֲࡣ
ԵɢҲŨˡ
һӵΪǲ֪ӺζȻˡ
ҼʵǾ仰ںƿڶѹȥ
ǽԵļ£Ŀǰû֪̫̽ࡣ
ҽԵҲ˵ˣպлᣬὫ֪
סԽ硣
ȥӽҲˣ˵Ц߹Ҽʾ˼ҹ
羰ˣͳˣɢˡ
ȥͣɡҼС볳ѽҼ
Եĳǰ򿪺ţҼȽ˯ŵСҼҼ죬̫ˣ·㱧ú˯һ°ɡ
С§ŽҼİҼ㡣
ллӽࡣ
Ҽ첲ճˣӽǰסЦӯӯضŻûϳĽԵԵ㡭
źͱҼһֱĻ
Եұ϶ʲôð֮£Ҵ˵Ǹ
ҼҼаͷӽûû
ָ˽ԵһЩʲôǧٹֵ⣬߶һЩ³ȥ
ιҲǳûһ½Եĸ״̬ôͱ˵ðˣҪôȱ𣿡ӽƲƲ죬תֹ΢ЦŽԵ˼ҽԵؽȣƽС£԰ɽԵ㣿
ţû¡лǽչ˽ҼԵӽĳӡ˵Ϻûǹ˼ҼӦò̫ӽ໶ӵŮ
ҼҼʵ̫ɰˣҶôƯɵŮ衣ǿϧ񻹲֪Ķңأҵ
ӽϻ̫ˣͲֵܰ㣿Ҽ졣
뵽Եü˵죬òᵱʱĽԵҲ˿̵ָܰɣýŻס
úúãҲ˵ˡӽָٴγԵ֣ԭ˵ľʶ˽Ե㣬ԺҼұͳɽԵӹˡ
Ҳż׷ѹ
ϣǻټ
š
Եӽڵ֣ټ죬лл㡣
һԵҼֻԵ˵˾䣺СĿϵ
Եһ䡰áŤͷʻλ
ʱ˼Ҽӽڳûô˵һصҼͱУɳϡ
ûһϢˣܺҼҼƽˡ
ҼҲעⰲȫϢ
죺Ҽ㣬̫ˣһ͸¶ͽܹϵġûиҰɣ
ҼûС
Ҽ쵼ҲСˣԸʹȻڶⶼһ㲻ϰ𣿡
Ҽӽô̸ѧƤŵ㣬ȱͲҪѧˡ
죺ðɣҶˡҲϢɡ
ӽ˭أ

ӽྯػء
ļ֣ڽﰵԽԵ˵ЩʧǵĻ㲻øҽһ£
ûиôŬƯ㣬㻹֣
У񣬼Ʋԣܿˡ
Ҽϵëվӽ֪࣬ΪҺãҲ֪㲢޶⣬ÿ˶ӦĽ࣬С
½Եӽ໶ԾðԼ˼֣½Եﲻ
ϣԼԵһȦһֿж·ؼڵķΧȦԵκͷ۵ˡ»
ӽ࣬еͷۡ
ãֻ㣬ϲԵ԰ɣ
ǣϲ
ϲȥ׷ȥװ

ҼĳĬӽΪųǵӡ
֪ԼұǸ̵ˣհǰ˺Ҫǧ˰ٱܶͷںĶ̥С
£Ҫȴ
ֻϲҼѵǸһŮˣԱ˵ĶľͶֻܳǺøлϲͶ̸ϰ𣿡
ӽ࣬ҵ˰̣úʹ𣿡
ӽ̹ȡʱ˵Ҳ˵⣬ΣҲֻΡ
ӽ࿴ҲãhͿۡǿҲգ·ϵİʯˤͷѪ£ǰĵ·ˡ
ǶǰˣõˣֻҪһûпʼµĸ飬о֢ڡ
ֲ֢ҩʯҽֻܿԼ͸͸Ҳ쿪ֲ㣬ѽԵκԭĲһĲ
ҡڲܵġ·˺Ե
ʹ졣أôŶ룬ΪĳжжأܸжమҼǿʮˣô𣡡
ǣҵȷôҲȹ֪ܴأԼֺõõȥ
ңôˣ㵹˵
ûʲô
ǣ㲻˵ǸŮ˳˹𣿡

㣬ϵ˭ӱ˭ȷֶص㣬صһһ򿴲δϿθ飬ǵĽ־ֻʣһ·ֶֻѡ֣ǼʱֹǶԼδ𡣡
νԤֻԤҲֻǼ衣һʼͷǱԶܡ
ӽѡǸˡΪˮһա
ҼҲǷǸڻûʼ֮ǰͷˡ
ڹ𣿡ӽ࣬ҲԼ
֮ӽ࣬ҼʻһӾȥ
⣬ҲʹΡ
ѧʱİΪĿ̹ǡٺ˧Ҳǽһεĳ
ܵ𣿻Ǻھһҹұǧ̣ӻȥľȥģʲôʲôһʼҾ֪Ҹһ·ˣаǲġ٣ǰ
ǰٰ
Ҳ򰮹ܽõŵ°ɣ
ںӽ໥ཻʷǸҹĹ£ӽĹ£һת˲ŵѤû
£ȴҲֻɲǡ
ץסҲס
ӽ࣬˵ˣҲˡЩ꣬ҰĴͲˣǺǴһжǡôĳʱգȻǴγҲĵȷȷһ밮ˡ
ҶԽԵֻϲ˵ģһ·ˣаǲġҺͽԵѾļ̽ģڽһȷϵģǱ˴˽·ܸܲԷ·غϡǣҲԣǶäĿקŶԷ̤һȫİ·;ŷ·һ־᳤һϵĴ̡
ҵͬҲͬ˵㲻ڣķ𣿷µĻҲΪһʱľʮ¾˰ɣҲʮЦٲ˭Ц˭ҿںҲûܺ¹ʱǺ޵ԼƶΪǱĸͼСжʱǺԼΪʲôΪһԶԹԼûͶ̥ˡ
ӽ࣬㣬ҾңĸԼΪ˱ȥһΪˡ
˵˴ҼĶߺֻΪʲô㲻أҪǸöá


46 
˸Իط, ӽſڴԽԽƣܾûһû³
Լ, ֻ΢Ҽģ;ͰǸԵŮ׷֣ҪǸҵɩӣǳʱ򣬶Ƕȥͽֵ¹ĶУҪ׷ȥ, аҵлѣҲҶİ
ˣҲ泩, ִİԼ͵ĵļƬ˹ȥƬ, ҿץ֣׼˵Ұ׳԰׺˰⼸Ƭֵǧ𡣡
ӽ෢Ƭ, ͼ˾޹ϸڵ, ҼӱĴָȥ
Ҽյ, лл
Ҽ׷ҲԸΪ㻨Ǯ
Ҽȥ, ֻʱڻܶ
ӽС浽󣬳Ժȴʲô, ҸĸԼԼû⻮ֹҵĻҼҵġӽϲ, Դ÷˺ܶ, ˳ʱеĻѱȽ϶ࡣ
ӽ֪º, º͵Ҳ÷йż졣
మ˶ʮ, ֪֪ףûиҹһ˵
ÿس꣬ӽʾáȻʾõķʽҪôҼػض˳̨£˭˭˭Ƿ˭
ӽࣺǾʹţ
ӽࣺһǸҪһɩ
ӽࣺҶһŷƱ
Ҽеġ
ƬԭͼãűӰŲӰ
ͽԵŽҼǧƬҲŽҼͽԵһƬ
ÿһţ¾á
ÿһţѤûҪ
Ҫġ
ƬУŰԵһһЦҼﱻҸ֮ˮȡֻƬ̣ͳɽҰĻ
ϴ̨ϵ£ؿڣΪԵ
Ϊ֤ʵκ󣬴ĳļᣬһžԶģƬ
źͲƺܴ٣ҲٹʹĻˡ
Цŵɾ
ڣŹԼˡ
еˣֻڼУ͵
ҪõԼһֻãǱøãֻиõԼôõĽԵ
Ħ˺üƬģѡһŽƶգͨͼpһЦ󷢲Ȧ
ġƶЦˡ
һ˿ɼ
漴ֽȦĿɲ鿴ʱ䷶Χĳȫ
֪ԵûÿˢȦϰߣ֪ԼЩ᲻ῴʵֺ񲢲Ҫ
ҼţӦЩ˵Ķ̬ԶΪԵɼ԰ѿɲ鿴ʱķΧƸȡˡ
Ҽ𣿡Ϣ˼ûյԵظȥϴˡ
˵ԵͽҼˣǵǱߵļҡ칤գԵҪԼҰɡ
죬Ҽϴɴϣ鿴ûнԵϢֻԺȥˡ
ӽϴӽǵģҵĵҲӽصġ

һ˯졣
ӽҼһĹһ¡
̧ۣ˸Ź塣
һֻ͵ʾˣҼȻ
գգӦ峿ĹĻδϢйȺģк񻶵ģҲнԵġ
ԵϢ˰Сʱҹʮһŷġ
Եˣȥϴ
Եлл㣬
ӦΪһϢûյĻظԵֱӷ˰ɡ

ԵԱ˵
Եʱ䣬Ե϶Ҳ˵ġ
Ҽ簲
Ҽ̫ˣϴ˯ˡ
ҼӽͻȥˣȥվҪȥǸĿһˣ᰸
Ե硣ף˳
Ҽ졭ӵıֻаɣʮƸ֣
Ե˷֣̫š
йţ̫ţ
ĽҼأĦֺ󣬺ϱ
ÿο޶Ե޹ʵĿޣйĿޣҲûд޴Ҫ
ҼԼĹſºͽԵĹг룬ҲǸֻۺӽʱ򣬱˳ɡ
µأһ߶ײϴˢһ߷Ϣ
ҼҼҪкӣҲֻܵð˷֣̫š
Ҽ㳪Ұ㳪һһգ
ԵԺֻҪհˡ
³ĭҼ͵Ц
ҼиԵһˣ
ȻʺûոռҼʱĿֻţҲû˶պĿ־塣
ԽԵİС̹̹סҲסѡ
ԵʹȥļˣԼҲ̩Ȼ侲Ӧԣʧ̬ˡ
ˢҴܻط˷š
뷿ԶĴ̨ߣסģС˵ùã㶼Ӧ´λһȥˣʳŶȫõĹùá
ԵҼʱڻױѿںͿˡ
һͳ硣
ԽԽûˡ
ô룬ȴ˺ü顣
·Ҽ
ˮݺ
ԼĶûз̡ѡһԶϣžӸջҼһЦ
ǶԽҼûйЦ
Եú˵
ҼõĹùãҳԵ[С] 

ӽ˯˸Ҽ緹Ž𴲡
һĸҼʮʱϴ´ࡣ
ҼѽԵزװһӽȥԭӽ鷳ãȻһ˵δɩģ䡣
ʰöӽ౧УУ˺ӰƬȦ̬
ͼҼĵգĺӰĵʳͷ羰ҲУУݡ
ûҼҲûнԵ
İҼ쿴ˣ˫˫
ʶ+1ջ·Ʊ+1˾飡ʵлҵױ㣬[] 
ԵҪ֪ԼӽǶһš·ƱʲôӦ
ʮ࣬Ҽӽš
ȥ̳һȦҼӽæȥΪڲǶĵǸ
׺ͽ򶼺˵Ƿֱ˼£ָһ¿ֱ
ĸ׺ͽ㡭ӽΣ״԰ڵ֡
Ȼӽֳġ
ʵڵ֡
ҼѪĸһӣһ˳ӽ˿вƽת顣
ϸ¸ŮооҲһФת顣
㣬̫ˣ
ӽ౧סҼԺ˶󣬲Ͳ˰ɣ
ҼĿȴ䵽ڹһԶϡ
㿴ʲôأӽ˳Ŀ⿴ȥû˭ѽ
㿴
㿴ܿôԣҲ㿴
ӽɿȥǱ߹̨ſ￴һԻ״ĶñĲá
幤Ա˵ã鷳ԻͶøǿһ¡
ҼҲ߹ȥǶҲóһ£лл
ϵĲӽ˵Ƕԣһab¶ȻǶøСɡ
ԱóаڷţӽȡԼеǶԣ㣬Ҹ˵ֻǲϲӹǸöֵͲ˵ˣۣ׻˵úãȽᣬ»ϲͽӣҲǴģؿɼ
Ҽһۣ칫Ҷˣôȥۡ
ʶô֧жأ
ƽʱְҵװȽ϶࣬ɫװУ޸߹ʣʺϴ𣿡Ҽûס
ӽ࣬ҲԼ
ӽ̾ĶŻغӣְҼеǶó㣬ȱ׷𣿻ȱԵĴĻõĴģ
δڽԵϿʲôΣҲûڽԵϿʲôƱʶϵýԵǼ¡
Ҫǧ飡
ٽƲ⣬ԼҼ˵ǻ⣬ԵרúӵҼġ
ԵҲҼļˣŴô͵
ʲôȱһһнСȻģȱ㣬ѵȱ۶𣡡
ΪʲôҪˣһ
ң򣡡
ӽŶڶϱȻǣʯ϶ʣҪ;͵Ͷһ޶ģڴô¡˼Ҳȱһӣ͵⣬⡣
ǹ¼ҹˣôӽܽͷͷǵ
Ҽ˵е㶯ҡˡ
סļ磬еĶһϸڶԱȣܸоԶǿ⡣
ԱӶչʾԶͬ͵ĻλСٿһ¡
áӽһұǶԣ㣬㿴ԣԼȳ//ر˰һ㶼ס
һ״Ͷ
šۿ¶Ӵ˽ơ
ҪҴ㿴Ч
áҼκУȡ濴ֿݸԱҲ
죬¹ʾûˡҼһûۡ
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Ǯˮӽ§סļ磬ǲǱȽ˵Ǵˣ
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ΪеģҲҪС
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ÿҼͷˡ
קקӽ·Уɣ˺ã軹Ұ迴ȣҲ˲ȴһ
ޣҪԼϣңӽǶŮҪˣѹֻҼ
緹Եü㣬ҼѪķϣӽˡ
ӽ࣬Ҽȥ˾
һʱ䣬æûȥ
᰸ƲܺһȥҪ̸ˣͽǾִС
Ӱҹصң¾㱸ˣſ˼ˡ
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ǰһֻҪУУľͱҸˡ
ڣУУֻһˣһʼտġϵĲ£һյµޱ߼ʵҹ֮С
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ܸķֻһ
ԵҺ㰡ؼ˰ɣȻ˯ǰܲͨ绰ѽߴƵУݺ˯
ԵԵֱӲͨ
ҼˣΪԵƵ룬æκɳأץ˸ڵִ粽ȥèץëУ޶
½ʱ绰ͷĽԵպһУݵġС
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47 
ϴ裿
ԵȻ˵ϴ裿
Ȼϴʱ绰
Ҽһ
ִɳϵ
ϸǱߵ, ȴʲôҲûСǾˡóĵһǣԵϰߡ
Ҳǽ֪
ص㲻ǽԵϰߣȻʱ绰
ǽԵ, ҼȴԼԽԽȡ
绰˵ʲô
ʾģƺˮԵˮģ
Ҽڸӵһ˫ǧۡ
ðѽԵǸɽһ˿//ҵӣٿǧ顣
ԽԽʧأֻԼĺƱڻϿܻյ/Ѫڡ
˵ʣʲôʱ򰡣Ҽ¼žСҪǲ, ҲԲ˵ġÿһд½½кܶмӣڣرһҺ֪, ܸ𣿡
ǶԶ, ͸Եĵһʽ
һǵͣһأһԵվڽ, ǲ
ֻǵȲ, Ȳٴ֣ԵԼ⡣
ԵϵСŮ, ͵˴գʱٴνϲ, ˡ
ֱ֮ߡ
Ҽҵķ, 㲻֪𣿡
ĸйأ
Ҽգˡޱⷽ, ûƽ
ʮһʮ㡣
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, Ҽסˡ̫Զ, ʱ͡
Ҽˮȡ
ٳû죬˿Ļ, ΪҶˡ
ĽԵΪʲôѣͻҳǿĿ᰸㱨ϴ󣬳һʲôѽǢ̸
ǧĶλԸҲǰ˰ٷ֮ʮаٷ֮ʮңҪ׿ǰȫɡ̼ԴǲȱҪǧһĿʵĳƬͱոµҸԴ
˽ԵһϯҼѹ
ɲǻ
ܼ࣬ͷӦûܾʲôİɣ
ŶԵ˵һۣһг
縺ӴһĿö۰
콵˹ˣؽǣԵôۣÿյʱǲҲȥspaʲôİ
ҼⲻڸὨ飬ȥɣʶɷɣͷƣҲǲصǻҪġᣬвԼͲ嵱¡̫ˣҪಹ塣Ҷæһӣȥҽˡ
˵ˣȻֹ
ȥǿ뷨ģǽԵ
˵ģҪǿܰѽԵ̨ҡ
ţú
Ե
Ҫˣɣˡ
Ŷһʱ䣬ͨѽˡ
ҼñèץƵģŰֻһߣȥԲУһrua˼ҶƤϡ
ûðס
/̬
ԼԼ̧ͷŹͷһ޿У
УýԵΪ˼/ˡ
Ҽ˼ȥмҾûӦø˵һ
ҼϳԷڼ䣬ҰѽҼȥͿˡңΪʲôûаְ裿
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Եã֪ˡ
ȵϴ꣬ҼԼһϵ£
ǧһȫ׷ڽԵң˽Եһġ
ҹ˶۽ԵΪ񣬱ˡٷɡ

κбҼ˴ͷÿ۱۶ܿҪȫȫⰮԵ
ǸԵ׼ҲǶ˼ˡ
϶ȼĿδۣ˫ҲԼǩͬڡҼܺ˶ĿĽ߷ãԽ˽ùȺ
СĿҪ±عףԱöһ档
ǰӱȡװԼĳɳĻᣬҲֵ˻ˡ
Ҽ᰸˳ܵԭ
ҼӰȥ㿪һƿҺһʾô
ԵϢҼƵƵֻרʱ䣬ҲŽԵпܸһظ
֪ȵվˣյԷϢ
Եá
ԵҲһ׼ʱᾡء
ʵһá־ҼΪ֮ˣȽԵؼңȵԹԡ
ֹԹԵû׼ʱأֻᵣĽԵûгԺã࣬ܲܵˡ
ҼҿԵȣҪС
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ֻҪԵǧ㷽ַȥˡ
ȻⳡľѾΪ򣬽ԵҲĬˣǿΪҷҪ̣ҪӦͬ顣
Լ򲻸Ϊ˼ٳķգԵ˽飬ýԵΪֵһΡ
Եͷϵ¹๻æˣٲ¡
º֪Ҫָɣˣ
˼ҼҽԵæˡ

ӳվŷֺԭˡ
뿪ʱڶϻ̫ëëꡣ
ȻǼûɡֱͨվԼͳ⳵Ҳڵ¾ܳȥꡣ
򳵹ҪŶӣҼѡȥʳģٴֱԵҡ
ݵһ¾ǸԵϢҵˣǡʮȫѽ
ߣӿɡ
Ե˵ŵңһžŵŨļζ˲䲶ζ١
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Ьߣֻŷ㣬δĳˡ
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ԵСζڿɢҼһǣӵ̾ˡ
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ƴ۾ԽԽָҲԽץԽ
ȣ뺰Ե
촽Ҳ֮ס˰㣬ôŲҲԽҧԽ
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ץڷϵֱסϤϢڳٳߡ
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ûˮȴһˮֱĿ־ٶϯ
סԵ֣һͷڽԵϣ˫۽αסԵҺˮˡ
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Ҽģ̵´͸ﲼŽԵļ
ˣһֻѽԵšȴ˽Եһδƽһ
۹ȡ
Ե̧ĺףĺ󲱾
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ҵĵǣղңһҪ׿ڸҡģƤٺҲôҵϣҲҵĳŵֻ㡭һһҪڻûһǰʹ˻ؼҡһġ
ԵӦҺ𣿡
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ţҴӦ㡣
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һҼܿ˸ոյʣڳڲ
˵ҪԵȺף浽ϣýԵȾƣֻ뼦
Եܸӣÿ˶УԵһ㲻ҲܣǳԵ
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ԵִȫҸʱҼϵı˪ЦȴЦǺ˳ˡ
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˵ɳץСëֱ̺ҡ
ŽԵʧڷſڣҼָ̧ԼһơʹԼƸУʹԼϵʹԼ˹ȥڽ֯С
Ȼϧ˱ʹ
ɵġ
ϲ֮顣
Ŭ˵ԼҪһĽҵġˡֿرﰧ֮飬ٸԵеĹػο塣
ܾôߵɽԵٶ¼ҹ
仹ڣΪܡԼļͥôʹĻ֮
Ѱ·Żɳȣָۣ沿˴ΧĦú̧ųԵȥ
Ե
ûأҼߵű߸պڣͱǰľ󾪴סˡ
Եſڻ˯ȹ
ֻһС㡣
գۼ䣬һȹڵסô⡣
ԵҼޡࡱ˯ſ·Ҽʱ˵ʱ䲻ˣȥץʱϴ˯
·ӽԡңҼǾ䡰ܲܲȥûʳڡ
ҲûӵԵٺһ·
˵ˡټ˵ˡ
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벹ɽԵʱ
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شŰֵһ˲ҼƸۣԼйĹϸг
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ָôýԵţû̸Ϊ⣿
ϾҪûԵؼҹҹǴҲܻ·ɡ
Լⷽ·̾ìܡ©ٳڵ״̬ѹ˵塣ǣǷδ֪̬͸˵ˡ
Ѿˡ
뷨޴ӵ֪
ʱýԵ֪ڼ޸ǰȡŮǽԵȻỳġ
Ϊʲôλ黹ƭ飿
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û˰ְ裬ѵҪĳٱ
Ҽ˴š
̹׵ƺֻһǾԵȴһǧһҪ̹׵ɺبԵ֮䡣
ǳѹԵϡ

Ҽ޽˽ԵҼȴ콵ˮ
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Ҽ֣Ѷ¶ĳ߼
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ӣҸԵȥΪ¼ˣҲǺ¼ӹ޵ݡ
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ȻǽԵĴɩԵˡµģԼĽƻĻԵҸļͥ
ԴӿȫҸÿһ£½Եܵ˺µһ
ɽԵȴȼϣ˶Կ־δ֪ĥѵġ
ⲻˡ
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һԷkɢҷӣѧУȥԡ
ЩʵʵĵĻ䣬һ·ľ֧
˵һбʵ˳֣ҪҪɡҲȷʵһֱڵȴǸʺϵˡ
꣬ĳľȵ˽ԵȵٴĶ
ûдͽԵİҲûд
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Ϊ⣬ΪҼΪԵΪΪ衣
·ʪ͸ϣĨϵˮᴥ۽ǡ΢ۣȴûˡ


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֪˽㣬۾౦󰡣Ҳµġ
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Եζ͸ĿҼܲ͸ذΧƽϢһɽײɽġХ
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ʱ˽Ե˵ȥ緹
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궼սϴȥԡĻױ̨˼ױ, ص۴ڡ
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ˣҲˡҼԴǣҸѶ㡣ھƾŰǳŮ˶Ů˵Ĺ顣
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ܺãʶʱΪܡ
Ƕ֪ĵĻ͵ģҲ֪ÿȥĻͰҿ԰ѻǧã޷֤³
ֻǰѻ͵ղգǾͲˡ˵ҹ˽Ҳãҵ֮ԱҲգλãҲϰ壬ٻعͷ֣˵и򡣺ˣûʲôҪ˵ˣܻǸϽȥֲ㹤ϵʧɡԼôܳŵģô
Ҽûлذ칫ȥ˲ˮ䡣
侲ԼһҶʱ֣˱ܽƺҪӲ̡
лл⻹Ҽһ˸ɴؽĺ⡣
Ҷܵ˽⣬ζԽԵĳ̶Ȳڵǰ޵׷󡣡
˵ʮ꣬СгɾͣǲǾͶһУֽԣմǲݣ飬¤ԶֻӵһŮˡ
ȣȡ
꼰ԾȣҲһɡ˼ԺпˣܲĻǿڹ˾ĵط̽ȵĻ⡣ˣ˵ֵط
ߺҼվڴǰһͺ˰뱭ȡ
ǧô˫۾仹죬򡰳ܡ±ȻԵ
Ե֮ϵжϵòˣҲûȻͬʱֹȻάԵ˵ЩںŶӵϣӦòԵ鷳ɣ
Ҽҽַˡ
Ҽǹϲķɡ
ҼһڷŶӵѪǵļֵΪӣʱͷڹ꣬Ժô㡢ôӣ
Ҽ⼸Ҫһʳؿˣһġ
ȥļϢҹҲδյԵĻ
Ҽͺ麣ϼһֱӰൽʮ㣬ýĹԸһʱӲŹĽг
͵̲麣ϼǶԱˣԼȴֻһС顣
ŶһæĸСʱǶˣɻûʲôʳ
һҳҼļ浽棬ŤŤϼΰҿˣ꣬Ȼȥɣˡ
麣ϼչ֫壺ڡԸŮħͷˡ
ºΰߵܺ󣺡û尡
ܺȾȽеˣͬʱ档ҲڼӰŵϸڡ
ôԸģ
ҸһٱҲûðŮħͷҪĸͲһõƷҲǣƸܷզզأҸٸİɡ
ºΰͺ麣ϼˡ
ҼܺҪ೤ʱ䣿ļ̫󣬿ǰɣ
˵ðСʱ湫˾ԿЩȥҲǼӰ࣬ڹ˾ţСʱ۵ļӰѡܺȤСս㣬æ˾߰ɣһˣǵ¹ҹ
ҼҪҪҹе绰ǽԵ
ҽӸ绰˵Ŷ˱ˮ䡣
һͨ绰ͷʣڼһǹ˾
˾
жߣ
ѾˣҪȥˡô
ʮӺ¥¼
ԵҪ°ࣿΪԵֻǸ⣬ô͸ͬˮĹϵȻ
¥£¥ָ
⣿
ǵ棿
Ҽתˡ
뿪ѯʾλʱԵϬز˾䣺·ߣҿġ
Ҽ˸飬ŶŶӦţſ¿ʵ϶ʮ¥Ҳд¥·ߡ
Ե϶ӵѽ
ܺҾȻˡ
ټСս㡣
ţټ
Ҵææ˶뿪˾ֱ·߿ԵĳҼǽŮݵ
ͣȣԵ³ϳ
ҼűݣԵûзӣתͷҼ
˷ܼ̫ҼߵͷеңͷҲð˵㺹顣
ԵֽҼߵļƷ˿ְ˺𣿡
ԭʧڲ˼еҼԵĹ֮סΪԼ־˹ȥ㣡˳ר°ѽ
ʵ˳ר̶ص㣬ص
ôʣ֪ԼûдҽԵԭļƻԵ⼸ձضҪæµĺǢ̸ýԵ
һһ롣
ԵҺöȥҹ𣿡
㲻֣ô
Ŷ
ҲֹֻèֻŶԡԵе¶Ц̧Ҽͷ
ѽҾǮè/Ұɡ
Եһ䣬ʣȥʲôôߣָ·
ǵλľ룬ҲǵܺͽԵദʱ䣬Ҽ˿ؼңȥҼҸһտɣǼҵ⴮رڣ
ҹҪ̻
Ϊ˽ԵŬʵǣҲýԵ
ҪԶعһΪһԭеȫǱ˴˽ɲԷٴнȦӿںϵĲȥȻµĹͬȦӡ
ӿ·ҼĿԵ߿
ôʻҲţԵĿǰϷʵ
ŰҼ˼ؾǼȸԾһĸʻҲǵһδǶȿ㡣Ȼ۴ĸǶȣܶرÿ
ǹ˾ģԭھƽĳˣغԭæǧ£һû򳵡˵λڣҼĸʻ˭רλǰܶˣ衣
ҼéٿҾ˵ǧôһôŹ֮ôС䳵Լĳ͹˿͡
˾Ķʮ򼶱ĳǧüĺԡ
ҵĳл϶빤أʱûпǳӵ¡ȹӣҪ򲻳١
Ҫ
Ȼָ޹صĳҪԽԽࡣ
˽ҳź˽¡
ҼԵĻͿʼԵ򳵵ıҪˡ
Ϊ̸򳵣ɱ
ԵԸΪ޶ɱ˹ˣǶԽǮϸĽţЩɱܿء
ͦõġһʱ
й߶ѡŸտʼ̸飬þǡҪˡ
вС
ţƷ£ýԵһһʶýԵ֪ͼǾˣҲơ
Ҽ·տ꣬һλСȹ¥ŵꡣ
ⲻ𱬣Ҳ
ʱҼܵҵĹ˿Ͷܱߵľ񣬻ͷͺܶģҾ֮һ
ڿ⴮ϰӭͣӭӭλλʲôԼð⴮Ҫ٣ֱӱа۸ǽ϶С
ҼԵ֣ҳԵ㣿
Եͷ
ϰ壬⴮10Ҽ꣬ŽԵߵһſǽСǰȵ¡
ӰͳʪֽѵӺ涼ʪֽһ飬ϵĳֽһ飺ɡ
ⲻעԼʱҲһմղϴǻһ飬óֽһ顣
Եȥˡ͡һ棬һĸ߶ְҵװ
Ҽ˽Եһļֵ˽⣬žͲԵⶼζտˡ
ţȥõĲˡ
š


51 
տ̺, Եšܣ⴮ζʳ
ҴҼ˹, ԼĲιг̺ķֺȥӪİŲˣæҲûԷҼһʳġ
ʲôν
ѡ˲˻ҼЦʣжûԹ̿ʳˣ
귢ֲϽ, ʣǰ·߳ԹּͥСտϰϰ￪ˣǵŮСѧһ꼶, żҲæ
Եֻ, ֻĻϻ
СѧʱҸ͵͵ȥԹ
ĸĹϵ˴뵽񻯵Ĺ, ùϵ, һǺġ
ҼǸԲ𡣡
¡Եҡͷ, Ҹĸæ, СչҵģǱķ̡ҸҸ, ѧʱ䲻ͬҶº, Ҳѧҵ׶ˡ
ŽԵ, ҼΨһĸоۡԵ, ԭͥɵġ
ûлøĸֳĹذСʱйڴ, һδպ󣬱Ҳڴˡ
ñ۰ͣûܸܵôѧᰮأ
Եڽ»ΪҼֻǱɽһǡδ֪ȫòҼȴһ׵СŮոһա긴һ꣬һڰį־Ϊġ
ıͬ
ǼͽıڲܽʵǸĸ˫ܽй¿
ԵٳҼƿ̡
ƿܡ
ݸԵ֮ƿлǳɾʮļ᲻ɴݣлԼɾҵ
ԵδԱ˵Լļͥ״Ͱװ
ֻ׿ȻСûԹǮϵĿ࣬ƾ۾ܿģһ
Щ׷ˣЩνľӢʿΪͻԼƷζҲΪƥĸǾֱܻ߳Կġ
ԳԵģ
ȲǶԸˣҲǶож־ڴˣʲôʳﶼһֿΪ
ǺҼһԷԳԣȤ
ǶʳﱾǶ¡
ϰͻ½Ҽ⴮տ
ҼĦȭƣһһ֧⴮һСףһá
˵ŵǴԵܣǲܹСҲҪ
ԵЦˡ
簲̫ˡ
磬ҪҼ
⴮ҧһ飬΢㣬ζĿڸֱ̦ˣ岻ۿɿڡ
մǣҼʪֽ쳤첲
ζ԰ɣ
š
ԵӲϱҼ˵ǡš͡á
ˣҲˡ
Եšпĳɷڵġ
ҼܺܺõͽԵʳһ˷ѡ뿪ǣסԵʱͣĵطߡ
̧첲ţԵ·Ҳã·ζأ϶Ҫϴ˲ٴ
һСΣҼ̾
ԵЦһָ㻹˵ʲô˵ɡû㻰ࡣ
е㲻˵
йأ˾Ȼв˵ģ
ţǳйء
ǹϵ£ҲҲ׷Ƿ֮һԼھС
СҪãͰ¼ǰ츴һ顣
¹ҼҲغԵĿĵλͻ㱨ˣҼԵϢǰ
ô˵ɣھƽʱҶ֣Ǹ˷ӣҲΪ˺ơںԭҶñ֣Ϊұǧ㡣
˶֪ҵļ˶ںԭǧ滮ڣ˶ʹҵԸҸ˵ĹϵǺǻʱûлغԭгסĴ㣬ֻʱίܾˡ£ٶ˵ˡ
˶
ʱ´飬ǧĿͥҵܼˡ
еϰȫ֣ס˲ţе˾ͲôΪˡ
Ҽ򣺡Եʻᡣ
˵ĳ֣Ϳʼתˡ
ΪΪְΪİ/ڸ硢ǰ
ԵҪ˵£Ҿúͻйأֺ޹ء
ҼͣסŲŽԵһع˾ɫƵôңȴûʵԵСʹ롣ָ˵׷㣬ԺÿĻҰǧáһھܾˣ̬ǿӲ䣬Ҳ˱Ȱ˵׼ǵûвȻŭҸ˽ǲǺܺãҡش˵ͨϵĲֱ˵Ҳͣб֮͡£Ҿͽݿ
һšüչԵһԵЦݣã֪ˣǡһһֹͣͻ
ò˵ԵѪħҼģֻǾΥĶдж
ộҲôƽҼţò黰
쿪Ĵ
ԵȥưɺȾԤıġ
ǽԵҪһ

Լֺεºأ
鲻ԽӵסԵĸԸ󣺡ֱ׳ͻԵǷԽԽˣôƽ⣬ͲҪԼծ֮˰ɣ
ĻԵֻˡ
Ƶ֣ءߡԵֻҪ߸𣿡

Ҽͨ绰ġԵԥһҪҪӣںûʲô̸ˡ
ӣǲ޹ؽҪɷ羰ԵҼؼҺٸص绰
ҼԾؾҪرܣߡԵȴסͬʱ˽
ιܡ
ܣ˼ô绰
ʲô£˵ԵĮҼȴů
ҼСϱƵģŽԵĲʱķԭ·ء
ҹܾ·˲࣬סլʻĳҲ١һͽԵǣֲеľ룬绰ġ
ϵ£ؽѾ˰ɣСʢִ֪綥ײܣܰǰԼ䡣㣬ܸСսӴҲˣڹϵıΣûǧĿܿ϶ġС˵˽Ҳ߶ڹ˽ŽܶԸ⿴СܶԻǰ̰ɣʵҸϹǴѧУѣǾʶЩҲ˵ֻܿˡСߣˣҲ֪ˣ֪УжϵıʾС΢ᣬֻԳԳܵǸĳ⡭
첻ͣ˵һ󴮣Ե񶼱Ҽˡ
Ҽֵÿһָָ⵽ÿһǽˣд֡
ܽҰɣһһϢ
ҼдĻ
ɽԵĳ£ҼָĶƾĵıʻУ𲻳ôһ仰
Լʱ䣬Сһ˵ͣСһѣĳм
˵ô࣬ΪԼһٷ
ԵսҼ֣ҡҼͷҡͷ
ôһŮ˾ͽԻǰˣ
ֲȨĲ/Աֻ첻ɣ
ΪԼԵԷ伫ʲôýɶĳ
ܿǧᣬٷΪҵĸ˽ǴСգг徢ǺõģʱͷҲһǻְۣϵһڱ޿ΡȻˣҪģǿıǧüŵĳԶҪܺͽ֧ܵ֡
ܴԲӣܵǸǧúǶǿյ£ҺθɣߣԵԵҼ˾Ա˵ʲôʲôԼĵ;ϣԼ·͸Լߡ
绰ͷĬƬ̣Цܻô鰡
Ե鵽ףĵĻҲҪˡ䲻ãҲٶһఢӸټ
ֿᣡ
ҼԵ޹ˡ
Ⱦ͸Ե̸ı£Ī
绰꣬Ҳߵͣĵط
ϳҼ򿪵ҼҺֻܽһ
ԵϵðȫרעضҼдʲôˣ
Ҫʵ˵
˵Ҳֿ˵ؼңһ˯
˯˾˯ˣأ
ҲûʺϽԵ·ѵҪýԵŽ·ȥһȥ˾
ǹԼ
׼ġ
Ȼ³ʱ㡣
Ե治֪дʲôҲ֪
йҼģ
á

ͣСſڣҼ˰ȫֹסԵĲǰһǣдǣҪһϢ
󣬽ԵָҼĻᡣ
Ե˷ҼԺĶ䡣û׽Ūֻ¡
°͸ڽԵͷʶҵʱһҲ˵ˡǽԵҵرĺãҺճ㣬ô죿
Ե˫ս̣ϵ˴ܾͣ
˲ˣ㣬Ҳҡ֮أллңҳҹҺܿĺܿġ
ľͺáԵ̧̧Ҽ磬ȥɣ˵ڼ㡣
ˣԽԵǳԼ𤵽ˣ
ҼЦǲˣ

³ˣ㿪СģҸҸϢ
Ҽ·߿ŽԵѳߣűŰСߡ
ǰ£УУģǽԵҼЧ죬־á
صҵһ¾źֻèӣȻٳ裬˲СʱһſڴϵȽԵҵϢһ߿ϵ/ѣﻹס
Եҵˡ
Ҽţȥϴɡ
ҼϵһúýģңҪңɫˡ
Եæûʱ㡣
Ҽ֪æټ
˻ûٵȵظҼЦ˾Ϣÿ춼㡣
ڶԽԵĳƺϣغܣԵҲ/٬غʦԵ㣬ùá
ڣҲֻ뺰
ΪţƺһǱûкġ

һʱˬˬ֮󣬾ҪˡԼġûˮ
̨£ôΪ׵ŶӶù
ʮ㣬Ҽܺͺ麣ϼˮƷʳֽʰ͵Ӱȥǧá
Сս㣬Ҫô¡ʦڵȥŮħͷǸ𣿡ϣ麣ϼʵ
ϼ룬˼Һţ⽫ݺ֮ǰ˿֮裬Խһ֮нݷ귴ΪʤǾͲܺ裬ı𣿡Ҳʲô䲻ŮӣŲҪƨɡ
ô˵
ɣһǮðɣ
ðɡ
˭ﻹû㷴أ麣ϼҲУֻûҼ࣬ŮħͷԵĲǧõҲûܵЩ˶˽ңСս֮޲ڡ
ǳǧõˣܲ𣿡Ҽ֪вСȺ
밡һս
ηӢۣٹСʱҪɹˡ
ڡ麣ϼЦСս㣬Ϊ˱סӢڵͷü
ܰȥܣҿԡܺëԼ
ãȥ
һɨЦϡ
ǵ֮ǰ͸Ƹ壬Ҳ绰ˣ̸Ҽյçײ˲ǡ
ûȷֻ̬˵ԼŸһСԹ
绰˲ãҼЦǺǵİ칫ҷţ̬ȼǫ˳
һĳﱸüޣҼֵл˳̨ˣûΪǡ
ҼҲûڹ˾Ե죬²Ӵˡ
ԵæҲæ
ǧ÷ؿգͽܹĵչһĳﱸ
磬ҼԼӪĵ۾ŶӿһСʱĻᣬϸԼЭⶨԼȵȡ
ҼӪĴ㡣
麣ϼܺڹ˾˲ͬ׫д༭ġ
ͼҪͣҲӪĵľ˵׵ķɻ塢h5ȣйԱת
ӪĳҼͣߣǧĹȺϢ⼸㣬ֶ֮ݳĿʵ@麣ϼվƹ滭ʵ@ºΰ @ܺ 
ǸŮħͷ⼸ɣҲȫԱӰˡ
ˢˢظˡյ
Ҽҵںó־һ󣬾۲͡
һ۲ͣȺ˲Ծˣ˸߲ҵʳ꣬˵ȥkȥ籾ɱġ
ҼЦЦ༭ҾͲع˾ˣĺ˷Ԥ
ȥ̳ĳͷڼ׼ʺϽԵ·
ģԼ˯ġӼҷǿԾʹġ
Ե·ֻʽϲʣ۸Լ·߳ٱʱҲһ㶼ʹ
Ҫȫס
ЬֻϽŲ֪ϲϽţ̫ѡ߸Ьֻ˫ȽϺôȹӵƽƤЬµ/˿Ҳˡ
Ȼ򷿺λΪԵǮˬҸˡ
һ齡Ĺ档ĬĬֻ¡
˼Ʒ꣬˱С
ǼҽϣƷƣȫʮҷֵ꣬һҽ2.5
ֶԱ˼ңӾ롢λ۶෽ۺϿԼ۱Ⱥվѡңп˾ȥ
Ϳ鹤ĽչصѾѡˣõ۽㣬ʱһ֤ǵҸʱ̡
ͿۣԵϷչһˣ
ҼɣҪæȡҡ
ͿۣǶ˼ġ
ͿۣҺͫh޳һݹͣҪҪǰæģǿ֮ǣӷŴ󣬲׼ӣҲ׼Ӱ
Ͼŵ㣬ǧһԤǶˡ
ҼڲȺ﷢׷ûˣУ׼ȷúŵ㶨ʱս[] 
˽ͷ󻼣Ҽ·Ļؼˡ
ұУУһģԵ˾Ǻ㡫
ǲָܵһʱյظˣֻϵ磬Ѽ·ȥ䣬ˮϴһ顣


52 
·鿴ֻ, ûԵϢҼԹ̾˿ϴȥˡ
ͷٻطֻһ, кüͨδ磬΢ҲδϢ
죺Ҽ㣬ƾ֣һֱԷȾƣҸоܿˡ
죺ˣҲʶˡ
죺ڽܼңҼ㿴Ϣһظ绰
죺ûû, ûҲûϵһһֱܵѡ
⼸Ϣܺ⣬ԵӦҪͻ, ȶ˾, ԵϵΪһЩȥչ˽Ե
Ҽ߸ص绰߻·
ι, Ҽ㣿
찡, Ҹոڡе, ðɣ
ҺһأȻһֱɳšһˮ, 䶼ûзֲۡĽһڼңûš
Ҽ, ҴȥԼʮҾ͵ע⿴
賿·, , Ҽͨ迪ԵС, ʮӾ͵ˡ
ҼǿͽԵܹϵͺˡ
ܹԷ, ҼԵcpβӲǸŨǹˡ
Եɢųɳϣһɫгװȹ˫ŷСϡ
Ҽ̽̽ĶͷЩʪ¶Ȼ
죬Ҳ˲پưɣȷԵ״̬תͷȥɳߵ죬ңȥϢɡ
˴лع״εţŶǡãǽܾͰҼչˡĿͻҪԽ
֪λıְ¡
ְҪְˣӦҲְ֮һҪѧʺŵȴѧļɡ
Ҽǻδ̤У԰꣬Ⱦƾ³ԷĵҲŹԼ׵Ǳ
ԵֲòڵŮˣҪԺã⿿ɲУҪʱЩͼıαӡ
ѡáҳ϶ҲߵǽԵԼϵһرϡ
Ҫ£쵲ƣȥҪ£ԼȾƣѵ
ĿͻжҪҼں
ںģֻǽԵ
ߺҼĵһǸԵжױ
ĶᣬԵҲԺˣšüץס֡
ᡣ
Ҽƺ󻹱оԺ⣬һֻͷ᣺ңҼڼء
ҼԵʱû
ִҼϻ䣬ҲǹƽɣǸΪȲɡ
Ʊ䶯ҲҼеϲ
ԹԵģҰжױ
жױϣҼԵԴԼɳýԵȣðͷ
֪˶ãҼԼҲÿɳ˯ȥˡ
ҹ˾ʱһŵ𶯺ʾҼֻȱߡ
賿㣬ۿĶԼ
ֻע⵽Եӳɳˡ
ϴɳ˯һҲⶼ˯Сʱˣ־ӦһЩ˰ɣ
ĽԵļԵѣϴ赽˯òã׽סŮ˵֣ҪǺãͶָ
ţָ˶
ҼЦؿŮˣˮĿⶼˡ
Ů˵ԣȥˮ

Ӻ׼ãҼֳһˮýԵˣŻʿ˱ԡҡ
Եϣÿζ§סĲܱòôѾ
ϴ̫ãʮšҲ½Եһ˯ô죿
ԡ˯ţǼΣյΪ
ԵΣ£ǿʶܿϴꡣ
ҼʱҲҪ
ʱ䵽ˡ˵ŻţĶ
Եȡ
һ㣬Ľ¡Եԡ򻬹һصġ
ſڵ˼ӣſˡ
ֻ˵˯ȹĽԵӹ͸һɾķ飺Ҵͷû
Ŷá
Եõ˯ҹŵףԵȴûǼǣͷĹ̶Ҽ˵쳣尾ġ
Ե/һƬ͸졣˫ҼĴ
ŸˬͷҼȷݣٰʰ¡
Եϴ־ϴʱˡ
Ҽֻ˽ͷʹ𣿡
ϵҡͷ෭˸һ˫Ĵ۾Ҽĳ˹Ƿ/
ޱɽ˵Ĺã˭ס
˾͸Ͻ˯ҼȡԼ˯ӳš
ԡҵˮպ͵ͷˮϴ˺ü֣صĵơ
ʮӣҼٴλص䣬ԵۣĻǽƽϢˡ
ɵȥչ̨£Եںڰ˹
ҼƫͷЩɣԵ
ԵҲ֪Լʲôˣֻ룬Ҳ˵ºӦþܹ˰ɣ
ڣŶĲʲôˣԼҼһһȫһɵΣ
ĪҪ棬ס裬⼸ͺ
һʵ̫ˡ
ĶҼ˵ЩʲôЩʲôƬ޷һ
ֻ룬ҼɾתΪ졢ϲҲԸ֮ˡ
ǹܶΡ
ǰεǶҼ׷
ΣԵǰÿһζǵøݳ࣬/ҼĴ꣬һЩ˼Żеụ
ҼСȴһȽԵǲʵ
һͳɹתλãΪסԵԴǡ
ԵͶͱֲ»ݣô/أ
Ĵ꣬Ŵ/ͷСɵĶµüۡһҼΪ֮ԡ
ǡ
С̣ڽԵϻ衣
̼ܵԵƺסҼԴҪǣҼڻ
ΪԼ־뷨еΪ飬ƲסķӦڴ︡ԭ˫𽥱תḧ/Է˿
ˮ׳ԽԽ졣
ֻƽľźˡ
һغĽ࣬ˮ
ѾʱҼͻȻ˿ڣǽԵĴ
رʣԵǲھƺ/𣿡
Ӵһĳ˵´ҧһڡ
ʹĳַ˽ߵôôҧˣ
֮֮ҧסԵĴ꣬ϵ/ġƣֵֻȻҲûš
֪ǲǺ˾ƵԵʣԵݡҼͷʱĵذԺ̶ס
ҼʿˮѰԵץ֣ס
µ¶ȼߡ
Ҽһƿӣ˳ȥ
˼䷼죬Ľҹº͸űУطգ󣬼ء
ϵ¶̱ð档ҼĿ֮ɽˮ㡣÷ˣǵһ̽
ҼһķӣҲһ׷𻨵̽ߡ
׳־ҹ̣ɽˮԽɽ빵֣̤ƽԭϿȣͣһ֮¡
ͷȥ±һֵõ壬š
ž룬俴òŵõ㡣
ͬһ棬ӺƲ˳µ¹⣬ΪҼָǰе·һõ巼ݡ
ú뿪ɽ£߳ɭ֣Ů
Ů·һϴ񣬵õ׹ƶ˵ͷţ·Ѿˡ
ҼҼ֣˫΢΢ʹ
ǡڶľñطꡣ
Ҽ˳ӵôˣ
Ůвԣ֣Ҽᰴ˰Ѻʾ⡣
Ҽ⣬סĴȴֻǴĥû룬ͻһεҲˣԶûнôôݣôҲûȥǽԵĴ
ȻʧصĽԵڴ
ҼĹǣ˳Ⳣ˳Ҽϵζδйᡣ
⾳ɡܰ˯ΧŶ
ɽڻů紺
ʪֳζ
ĪҪҲҪξ
һ⡫
ԵС˼Ҽ΢΢ſӭӽԵڳݲ̵ģҲģȪˮҲҺϲ
ҼЦֹ࣬еĸȪɡ
ҪԵȷǼ׵¡

ԵҹķѾ㹻ˡ
ҼôһݣԵԭɵһֱˡﲻػζҼҲС
ҹʤ֮ҼְԵ˵ԵҺϲϲ㣬޲Ͽҵ֣ռΪУذ㡣
Եĳ˻еЦ⣬ͷ΢ƫǣҲ첲ơ
ʱڣ˯һѱһ˶˯ࡣ
˵嶼˲ٺԵ룬Ҳ۵ʵûʲôˡ
δҶҼͬʹ㣬붼룬϶û˱ˡ
Ƚ˯һϴ
ԵŶûһ
ԼһɤӾˡ
Ҽȥˮšӣˮ壬ʣĶ𣿡
ԵǸˣŻ˺һˣӦû¡
Ҽָ¹óСӣ˯ȹҲһϣԼŽԡڼӲϴһˬ
˯ȹְѽԵĺԼʪϴ֮ȥ̨
Ȼ˵·˯彡ģ½Եúúõģһ˯
ңڴߣԵûµġ
ϻ˯ǴΣԵ˯ȹʱҲһԿ϶µİɣ
ҪʵûУԵġҲǲСˡ
У½ԵС
ԵոǸ룬µġ
ڵĹǾָһСһСģҼԵõʱǴһȡһ
Ŷ
Ҽһڴߴá
ֻ˯ŴȻҲֻͬ˯һͷ
Ҽº뵽ʵȥѽ˶ĸ첲ͷ
ֻ첲ᣬҸ첲ܸԵͷġ
˯һ㡣/ŽԵԼ͵
ԵԸĸ첲
ôã̫ˡ
졭ԣǽ졣ڼϢҪѽԵŹϵȥȥ˾࣬ڼ͵ͷҡͷ
ŽԵ˵Դش⡣
Եͷ
ͿԸԵһĩˣ
УҽӼҰ칫ҷڳġȥͣ˳˻ǽԵķãõȵϾּˡ

ȥ̫࣬ҲԽˡԽԽҹԽԽ̡
䲻ȵ򣬲߲͵£һ굱Ҳûôʡ
Сĸ߲㣬
ʱ仹磬ҼС
εһƬԭҰʻ͵زߢ۵С۷䣬󱥿ڸ뻨˺󣬲뻨˵𣬷ɻسѨķۡ
ŵ룬ѡ
ӵߵ˱绰˼䡣
ҼĴ·ĳζƳϢҹСèˮƷ¶ζ
ֻ˾ۿĻǺ麣ϼ֡
°ͱͷɨ÷ʱ˫ۣԵļ羱ϣԵҲ䡣
ֻϣֻĶ˼ľЩ
Եѩ׵ļ/֮ϣǳǳĺۼĿģҼ崻ˣԼǷ𣿣
ңһθԵ//ûڽԵκǺۡβͬڽԵǰÿһοǣʶؼˡ
ĨڿУҲûע⿴һֱŶĻ
ûȾƣûƬǵú˯סǷ¶¶ĵط¶ĺۼ࡭ܶࡣ
ȽԵ᲻ɱĶˣ
ôӵ绰
Ե˻Ƶ
˵Żת˸Ҽ룬ôôҲУ
ҼĬŵɤӣ绰
ιϼ
Сս첻˾𣿡
ţе˽£ȥ˹˾ˡ˵ԣмʱң½չҲʱһ㱨
Ҫ޳ױĩ
ĿΪ󡣡
ĩͽڼҪȥ˾°࿨һӰ࣬չʼ㡣
ҼͼСܣûϰԲ򿨵ڼҰ칫͵ͬڰæһǮûС
Ҹ˵½ǼĹŰɣǾһʱ㡭
ӵ绰꣬ҼѾڴͷ
ͽԵҹ˯Ͼ賿㣬賿ĵˡ
˯вСʱ״̬ãû˯ǲ֪Եָˡ
ԵͷǿĿĲݮĻţʶʿˮɿڸﻹˮ
군ˡ
ԵϲҲ֪صؿ˼ڰɣ
ԽԽ麦¡
Ҽµأȥˮ缢ƿʵغһɤӺֽһȥ䡣
Եת˻泯š
ҼѱӷڴͷĿȫҸ϶ͣ롣
ϥڴϣýԵͷȿˮ˯
ԵҲĿʡ
˯Ҽǻš
ҼˮԵ첲ţ˰뱭ˮˡ
˯ҳһˣܿ
ǽǸмֱߵĳŽŰɣ뷽ЩԵȻ
Ҽ΢㶡
Ե룬ָСŽǡȫԼˡ
ǰСǿƺѽСĵբϵͳǲнСţȥ򵥣СҵҪڱͤϸϢǼǵġ
ʾƾ֤ٴԼ绰֤ţݷסƺŵȣȫҪд
ǷҲǳڶҵİȫǡ
Ҽ/ЦڽԵͷһ£ãšһʰ
ϴҼϴˢ
žе֣΢΢ɫ𽥷졣
ҹƾ˫ֺһǰ־һһͱڡ
΢Уʢŵõӭҡҷˡ
꼻һ֣¹ŵ¡õĻ峺ĳ¶ɿڡ
ӻг룬Ѹϴȥ¡
ʮӺſֹصԵһŲһֳˡ
Ҽȥˮʱ㿴ĳЩۼˡ
ǵģһ㶼ԾûֹϵĽ
Ѯ·ڵסֻǻЩȷǷԴؿڡ
ԵЬԡңվױǰϸ顣
ϵһۣǿ룬ܽܽҲã¼̶ֳ̡ȣһˡ
û˵߽֮ԡ䡣
ԡˢ죺Եڼ𣿡
Եˢһ١
ɫʷǾ˵ơ
ٺȼˮĭ£ԡ߳ԡңûʲôҲûʲôɫʵغ衣


53 
Եĸ״ҼҼ, Ҫûü׼ͻȥɡ
ǰյԵϢʱ, ҼöСߡ
ԭͺʳĴȥ緹³õԣɿϢı˷
ԽԵһϣѾýԵʧüˣһˡ
ʲôʱ׼
ôŽ׼أ
Զ֪һȵһ
ǽԵĸ, ǽԵװжأ˵԰ڳ, һԼ, Լ¥Ͼ̶Ѩ, Ҳ
ȻԵϢ, ǸѡءϸƷɵóԵʵͼ
˵ǴȽԵ֪̽ûüҳ׼, ˵ǣԵڷʱ, ϣȥҳ
ԽԵӣϣԼȥĻ, һᷢĸˣ಻, Ȼȥɡ
źͽԵ/ꡣһҪ
, ʷݡ
Ҽ˵ѽ, ʿʱ׼š
Ҽڳ, ˱ʼǱԡ
Ҽѡ
Ҽ1ܣҴйǧĿĽ׶Թͻ㱨ߴͽ̡
Ҽ2㷽ܼĶȾҰɡ
ѡ1Ǿʶڴһ·ߵͨҷϵ
ѡ2Ǿύһʡ൱ͶԵѸٷչΪϵ֪˵ܹϵ
Ե1 ѭ򽥽
ҼϣҷСռ̵λ[ȭ] 
Եԡ
۽Եѡ12ҼٷְͶӦĹϵУͽԵһ𡰹ѹء
ģͬԿɻᱳЩԼȡͬ࣬ԼҲ
ԵԸˣԸ˵ѭ򽥽ֻԱԵԴǸ̬ˡ
λ˼ǽԵʱĸײˣҲԼͽԵʵϵ͸״̬ĸ׶ԽԵһõĳʼӡΪӪ
ֲ뿿˯λߣ˴ͿýԵ֡
ֶ
ʵ̫ıȡںĹȣֻҪԵֻԲҪ֣
ȻҲںĳ߶ȷΧΪԼȡԵݶλ
Եˡԡˡ
ʲôǲܵأ
Ҽֶֻûţվǰ塣
ڽڷűĶţ뷿Ҳ˹ȥ
è⿴Ǹʩ졢òС½Ŀš
̺á
ҼǰͰѱ̨ܶˣǸйĻ飬ҽҼݵգ//ҴдҼǰԼõļ棬·Ͻܸ˵ˣҲڡ
ҽ֮Կ㶡
ǿɡ
Ҽһº͵ЦŤͷ鷿Եпˡ
ݺҼһʱȥԼ˫Ьڲԭ
ǡˡ
ϴģ˫ɫӦǽרЬ
أ
ǽԵˣǡ
ܲԵ˵ˣ޵İɣ
ոյ˵ǣǿھһˣ
Բԡ
Եѡ1Ȼ˵޵࣬ҽ˵пˣǾǸյĿˣ
˵ҼǰЩӣϸ죬ԵҼҼȥ԰һ죬ҼҼ˷ܵúܣһհһհ̣˵Ǹհ̣ɣ
Ьóһ˫ЬڵϣҼ˫
ҼؼҺϲؽһʲôʲôʲôʲôÿڶհ
Сӽ־˵ǶֵĻһɶˡ
ӡ̵ģֻһհ̡ĳƺ
Ҽ￩һ¡
԰硣
ǵỊ̇պҸҲ԰ͽżһҼҼˡ
յһܵʱ䣬̶췢̫Ҽ붼£ͬʱҲ͸˺ܶ¡
вҼҼȴȻغڡ
ûôԽҼҲûôԡҼҼСˡ
лл㰡ҼҼĵʱ򡣡˽ԼŮģԵ庢ӳ躢ӣҼҼôģʵù鹦հ̡
ҼҼļźҲϢʹԵǸհǲغԭ½ѣ
Եظǰɡ
ûʣȴֱ׳롪ȻѣҼҼôϲͰɡ
æ
ǽԵĸ׵Ļش
Ị̇ҼҼܿɰɶ£ҿϲˡ
ҼСŲٶ費ȷ˼ԼģǸԵģҲȥӣֻ˵ԷŹϣЬɡ
հ̣
ջЬС޾ܹסȣù˵ˣ㡣
ЬʱҼŶҼһֻðѶ£ȥСҼҼԣּ
Ҽ˱ҼֱҾӷĽԵվڲԡ
磬Ұ͡Ҽк
Եףллȸһ鷿ĵԡ
Ҫôࣿһݾ̸
ҼҼͷҼҼԣհ̸ùһ¹ȻҼҼ
Ůһԣйæɡ
Եת鷿ߣҼЬϵĶֻ˵԰ǰ̣ȥҽˡ
˵첽ϽԵͦúֱȴŵúܣܾý迴е֡
ǰŽ鷿һԵ˵š
鷿ţЧܺá
Ϊװ޵ʱصġ
طźҼ³һѵԷŵϣŽԵվš
Ŀⱻֱ϶һָ߻ľżסֻȱǡ
ҼҼƴģû˵Ҫ˵ҼҼһϲ
޾ϲ
Ҽ͵Ǹɫżκһ
Ҽ͸Уظ˵ùãÿһ鶼ԼƴŶ
Ǹʱ̣Ҳһ¡
ֻһ¡
ӽҼнӹУһ䡰
ȻҲҼҼͷ鷿йӣ߶ҲʣǶɡ
ҼӦšáһ鷿ʮ׸ߵ˵ȱԵӺ˳ڷϡ
ҼҼôܸɣͻƴָ߻ľˣҼ߼վǰִżţƴյúܽʵžͲɢܡ
תͷԵЦò˵ǼһĺãӵáԵҪ㿴ϲ㰡СڵϴˣأҼҼùÿˡ
Ҫ˵ģ
Ե˵ķʽǻڸ˰˴
һļҳ׼˴֪С
մѧУҳѧУӵƤ˼ȡʦڵؼҾҲĺӡϸˡּҳ
ܣܱܲ쵼ô࣬΢΢һ𣿡
Ҽ߽Ե𴽽Ц£֣ס߻ظղŵλá
ֻһСɽԵֱܶڸĪˡҼϰµְǻʲô£ɽ಻Ϊ塣
Եͷһ̧̧֣
˵Щµ£ûиܹͬҺʵлȥĺ¡ѭ򽥽ǰҾáбҪٶһЩġ
ҼԵԼӣȻЦһ¡
Ҫ£ԼͺáҲ̫Ҷĸ׵ĿҲ㽲£Ӱ쵽жϡ֮ദϺɹദĹȥȥȥܣԱ˴˵˽⡣ж棬㽫ʶʶġͬҼ˵ԵĴס
ҼҲ޼ƿʩˡ
ҪԵ˵ȥٲһǣܾҪˡ
ԵΪĸı䣬õ
ԵţֽסԵ͵شĿǻʽϯÿȥÿ졣
ĩˣСƵģڽԵס
𴲺գûοĿں죬ֻбԷˮ⡣
㲻ض˵ˣ⣬Ҳ֪ôýԵһȥĸ׺ɩллҵΣллҵġ
Ҽɿ˫ָϽԵľĴָĦ
ԵҲˡҪҲԱЦԱᡣ
Цͬԡˡ
㲻ҪȥԱˡһòã
˫ֻ󱳣ӵסԵߵŮˣȻ̾СĻСǳˡиӻԼģͷԷҲԾȣ˵һȹӡ
ţ㡣
Դһδ󣬲ܱŤڣ/ڣҼ˵˺ܶ໨
Щǲмһ˵ģԼܻ˵Ҳϲ˵
ȻҼÿζ˵ᱻȡõ
Ҽ黰һףʱ˵÷Ȥʱ˵ĵƯʺ磬ůճ⡣
ЩУȫµ顣
Ϊ飬Ϊͼʣϲ
ϲΪҼĻҼǡҼﶼʮİȫкŨİ
ǡδ˸ġ
Ҽ̫ˡ
ǰֻҼǴԲġϺˡ˲УҲְֶΰˡ
ֻǲ룬ҼһΪְϺˡŮӣԼĳŲˡ
Լг١
ҲΪԼҼйЩƫе
ԵһСڰ֯Ҽǹ֮ĲûǺۡ
һ⣬ҵʡ
ʡ
ҼѳζǵҴʣĥŸôеԼ⣺֮ദȷ˵ϵɡǲǱȽоУ
տֻ˽Եһ֮ʱȷſǼزˡ
ֻǽԵԴĸ룬ԴŮҲһ롣
Ի񡢱飬Լεĳѹ޲ҼĸŮϵ䡱ѶϢ
Ե̹棺ǡ
ҼһסԵֻ֡
ţ֮СЩǿ󲻵ãҲˡ̿ҲǾܸ˼ĶŮԣôΪҵŮܡ޷Ůذʱ򣬾͸öԽľԤϡ
Եⲻ˭ĴºุܶĸŮĹϵ㡣㲻Ҫ˾ͻԼТŮҲϱԼȥǿջЦӭĸ׻ˡĽ˶ʮ꣬ĶܷһԶأôиæһɰɣ
󣬽ԵһαҼġԿ䡱ˡ
Ҽļ磬ſģԼûô֪ҲûôȥǴԼ
ҼȴֵĶǱŭ䣬յøˡ
Ҳڶļָָ㣬ҲԽ޴뵱У˵ô࣬صʵ䡭
ԵʧܣЦû
Ȼ֪Ҽص䡪ҪԼҪԼ
̫ˡ
ŶŶԲ𡣡ҼȴûȫſԵ֡
̧˿ԵֱԼĴָǳǳĺӡͷһԼֱϴһ¡
Ǹɵӡ
Ե̾һ䡣
˳ȥɣ㲻緹
ţ˺ǹԲСټ̸Ҽ߱ʣˣҳǰûЬոջʱ˫Ьڹ¶ڶ˰ɣ
Եҡҡͷ˵Ӧȶ˾ƣЬ
ͣҲ˵ùȥ
Ǵ
ǶߵűˣҼͻȻԵס죺С
˵һҹʪĵطˡ
һۼûаɣ
ɫǳɫǳɫɫӡǡ
Һ塭ûɫܹˮб
Ҳû
֪µӡԡ
ҼŰԼܡĻ˶
Ҫȥǿ壬첲ֻһξûϴ衢û¼ֱǳ裡ԾԲ´Σ
𿴽ܼƽʱøһҲпѽܼĿǾŻһܡ
ǻԭյңʤ
ŽԵǺƣҼץÿķʰ𣿡
Եͷ
ĸ׽ŮңæʰǱġ
Ե˽ɸɾҲûܿɲأĸ£ˡ
ǵȻȥɢ̺ҼҼעûһ£
š
һ뵽ϴһ뵽̨ҼʱֿЦãһҪ˵ǣ/ϴ̨ˡģСҵġ


54 
/ּ˽ܵ, Ȼɫʽ廨ţҼ˽Ե/ĳ, 涼һɫ޺˿/㣬ԼǴ޲ʵġ
ʲͬɫҲȽԵԺɫɫɫΪĲϸΪۡ
ǡɫġ
赫Ůϸһ£ʺɫȻͬ/һ
Եͷˡ
Ҽ˵¶ûʪ/㡣Ҽһ, 뵽Լϴ/㣬Եˢһº˸͸Ȼơ
Լ, ҼΨһϴ/ˡ֪Ϊ, º񡭱ȳʱе
ȥաںתתԵû˵ڡ
صҼһ, Ĭ򿪷ųȥ, ̨
Ҽ͵Ц
ģߵģ, ٿᡣ
ˡ
ԽԽ/̬ˡ
תҼŽѾſɳ, ߣһ߷, һ߸Ҽ
ŲһһСͬҼ
裺ˣ
Ĺ, Ƚˡ֪ǧĿɣҷ˾ǧĿĶԽ, ںͽܶ, ܶ˼·ҲһļϣȻȻˡ
ӽĴŴ̸ֹѿ, Ǹǳ½Ůԡµֻͷ˰׷ƣ˿ûʡ
ҼƲ⣬Ӧ60£60ͷ׷ԡ
ţ֪ͷַһҳ飬˵ǰɣнԵ԰ɣ˷ˡ
ŶԣǵġҼߣⲻҪһǧҪвϸڶҪܹͨȷϡ˵Ӧ̫ڼϢȥĿǱߣҹˡ
ѴССĴൽϣʱ¥ˣ֮ǰܿЦԿԴ˵ҳҲǰһ츳֣ղײգø¶һء
ҼһѶҼЬһϲιš
ЩڴֿҼհ̻
ѽҼӦѼͰںãҼҼϳʲôˣҪҪùúհ̳Ե㣿
ҲӱҼҡͷ˫ַŵϳķѼ棬Һ̶˺ôһ룬ܺóԣһ㶼û˷ѡ
Ҽе̣ǽҵסұķҼǰڽˣ˵ǿŽҼҲġ
̼£죬Ŵ˽ԵԵ
һҼùãҲԼŮԼҼҼ͹ù׽Ļᡣ
ۣҼҼôԣÿ춼кúóԷɣķѼóԣǲҲرóѽʱڵݼˣһ˼ؾˡ
ţóԣͷ˶óԡҼסصͷհ̣ķ˺ó𣿡
ҪôʵĻհ̿϶ҪԼúóѽҼԼ³ֻǺŵģҼҼ𣿡
룡ҼհĲˡ
˵סֱֳ壬ȥҼļ硣
ҼͼѶչȥ
ҼС˵հ͵͵ŶùһֻҸùڼңùðѼˡ˺ööˡùûǻǰѺļȫ˳ȥ
ۡҼʵûסЦ˹νҼıӣǵСܣҼҼһҪѽɲٸ߱ˡ
Ҳ߹ˡ
ǡǼ˰֪ûϵ̿϶Ҳûٸ˵ΪҪǱЩ֪ˣùû᲻˵ġҼҼƴһָߣȴôƴҲƴá֪ˣһ˵㱿ǲҲе㲻ѽ
Сһֱ㶵Ҽ˵հ̣ǲҲùùúܱ

ҼæסСڵ죬ûûУʲôû˵ùˣ
һһСĵû˹⺢ӺãԸʣܸҼҼһȥùѽΪ̫ɫЩԼϸ񣬶СҲϸ񡣡
ҼЦվֱĽŮϴ׵̣д˾ĸ߲쵼緽棬ҲȲѲӸλһһжøöءǹ˾˲żüãְϵĹĶǹٲˡ߹ǵλӣ˫۾أԲһв̤ױϲ֮סѱԻϽЩá
裺ǣ˵ģҲûʲôԡ
Ҽæģʽ
֮ǴΪ𺳣ǾŸòһҲкеĶ롣ŵ˵һ˳ɱƶߣŶӵ캽ԱҲŶӵķꡣҪôǧĿݲԼһ˿һиġ
Ҽ˵ÿһ䶼ķθ֮ԣ־ġ
̸Եй⣬гݣĽкֿܶܶȾŽ衣
Щʧ
֪ԼŮڹǳ͡׿Ⱥģȴһ׶˶ԽԵĿޡ
СʱھӣǺǵһ䣬Ҳڸ̸ŮҵϵĽʱԼ󡰱족ĺĽ˵ʡ
ΪĸףԵĹϵ̲ԵûģҲûԵͬ»ѡ
̣
Ҽϲ˵ô໰ҲӵʱýԵҵĴˡ
˫ڽҼϣҼҼջ˵˹ùõĺѣһ̫ţΪҲֻǽԵͬ¡˵ⷬٿ˵⻰ʱӣˡǡӦѡ
ˣԼǲݹͷˣ
˵õͨҷϵ
ݳѹϵˡ
ҲܹϾܶҼ˵ùǺѣƭСӡ
ѷǱѡ
Լݵؽ˸Сڣ
̣ڵ˵ҪŽܵ棬ǡҲ˵Щġżƣûͷ˵Լѡ
Ҽ΢΢̽ҷһۣѹС棬ʵҸʶܵʱҲйһĿϿĮԹ֮һŲȤһɽѽӽֱ԰ҼҼСҲŷ֣ԭҲ͵һ档
˵ճСһգ۾԰ҼҼùǲҲһúܿģȥɽϿ羰ԺóԵġ
ҼСԴ룺ţϲùúհ̴ҵǧˣ

ҼһһС˻죬ԵҲݳˡ
ų緹
Եæڲ鿴Ϣû̧ͷҼ
ҼҲʵʵԷû
ԵĲˣԵֻֽ죬ҼüܽҪ¶һ֣

˵Ļˣ
Щʲôѽ
Ҽ¶ĦҮʽ΢ЦֻҪܲ緹Ұˡ
Ǿˡ
಻࣬ϲϲ˿óԡ˵ɡϲԡ
Ǳ緹Ҳûʣʱˡ
˽鷿ԴЩʮһ룬Ҽϵ׼ȥ緹
ߵԵǰ£ߵ²඼ˣ緹ҼҼȻҳԶŵĻ̣ҼҼԺͲҺˡ
緹ǰʹӦҪҼ˷ֱԵн̸ҲΥ
ԵûõԣҼʹãԵɳֻư칫
ҼԶסҼ°ͣĴָḧǰȥͷӵ㹤ʰ˷ͲҪٹܺļˡ
ѽ׽סԵףҵľʳѪ״̬֪Ķء
ƶˡ
̺ҼҼס𣿡
š
̫ûȥ˯洩ˡ
ϡͿЬܺ⣬һ˰ѶŵҶ˯˾Ͷеǣǿˡ
ǽԵԼңֲǱ˼ңҷλȫ෴ž˵ȥˡ
ҼŬŬ죺ǡ
йҪȥӪģһӦöæ
Ŷǵæʱϵ
ҲҪʱȥӪĿϵĴֻԵæĲͬһˣҲ;ͬ飬Ϊ˰ǧĿá
ԼǳˣӪæ͵һ۽ԵҲǺõġ
ҼֽŽҼˡ
̣ɡ˲ģҲ˲ˡ
ǿˣô˼
հ̣ʲôóԵѽҼ緹رڴһϴ˰ӣҿ԰Ŷ
ѽҼҼң˿϶ζҼûȥӲĻȳ緹հ̽òã
壿ʲô壿ʲô
ҼԴкܶʣʲôûʣӦѽ
հ̽ģһǺġ뵽ܸհһͺܿˡ
緹һҼףڽҼҼĸ֮ɵġ
ҼҼȥйùó緹˳ùһϴŶ
ţȥйùá
ǰҼҼҼȥѽԵˡ
˺˫궼ںãԵҼֱվڲ࣬Ҽһǰһӳϴֳ
ԭҼŽԵҼ֮еҼʲô֮С
̣밤հ


55 
Ҽ밤ҼĻһ˵, ˼졣
Ե¶ɫҼ͵͵Ե
ҼϲǺ¡
ΪԵҼһʱ䲻, ԵֲóСദÿԵͽҼ֮ĵͼֶ顣
ҼһֱһģǵӦúܺòŶԡ
ȻҼȴͻȻôһżġˡ᲻Ĳãǲʵ䷴
⺢ӡ費˼ؿҼСӳԷŪõ, ý͡
̣ûµģҼҼɡҼԡ֡Ϊ, ĩԷ, ҲչġҼڴ, һЩ, Ҳ֪, ԲŷҼҼ
̡Ҽ̵·ϲհ, ùҲϲհ̣ǹùܾհ̼, Ҷܡ
Ե
Ҽ
裺
ôѽҼƹһѱҼϲ, úá
ԺĩùҪǻؼ, ҹùýֻ, հ̸Ƶ, 㽲ѽùÿ϶Ӧģʹùá
ҼùãҿԸհ̴Ƶ𣿡
Եͷԡ
㿴Ҿ˵ùͰɡһллùã
ţллùá
ҡҼţ˫־ٵͷҼʾһĵĶллҲԸùñŶ
ҼѧҼĶ̧С첲б𣿡
ѽϲ˼ҼŽҼֻ󣬰Ѷñ׼ЩĽԵͷ˸ġ
ҼҼϲ̣ϲùãϲհ̣￪Ļϲʱ򣬶Ŷ㿴ùãùҲϲҼҼ
ùЦҮҼֵŤСҲ̱˸ģϲùãҲϲ̣հ̡
ԵЦˣ׼ȷ˵ǱҼЦġ˲ֹ黰һף庢Ҳһס
һ֡ΧܰǢˡ
΢ЦŮԴҲϲҼҼϲùáãհԱߣȥù
ϣͽԵһ࣬ҼͽҼһࡣҼǽԵ
ն꣬ҼһҼ˲ˣ쳢հ̳ĲˣóԾǺóԣóԾǲóԣҪ˵ʵΪ˺հ̿ľŶ
Ҽ룬ӰϺ١
ųԵŤͷҼЦóԣϺʳһóԡ
ϺʺͼǽġʳҼͽ蹲ͬġ
СôôѽҼڽҼҲְ̧࣬СԴתңúóԣ˵
ٴʧˡ
ңŮٵСŮûʱ˿֡
ԣ֡
룬Ҳ֡
Ƿ򸾶ҪǿˣǰЭ˻󲻻ҪԷҵ㹻ľʵӣҲ˺׵ʺõĽԴ
˶һҵϣѼͥæ˾Ƶ꣬ѺӵʳסС˼Ʒ½˸нƸĸ߼ķ˽̡
Ǳ汲簮ӵ⣬ԼڽϵìܳͻҲһڵļҡ
̫ˡ
裬ԷɣҼչ˺ҼҼ
ѰͥŮĸ˵⻰ʱӦðΪĸ׼в˵ĶǼڣ̸Ѱ
ҲӼϺʳ
һ֤ҼҼҼȷʵóԡ
СԲ٣ȷǳ֡
Ŀ佱Ҽûǫ𣬶Ǵ£лл̵Ͽɣ̣Сվͺá
ûһԵڹӶӵ㹤͵ˡ
ͨ£ӵ㹤ÿʮԵǰ֪ͨʱ䡣
Ҽû
רҼŽԵҼֻѳһͼһ׵ķ塣ڣùðѰҿʹõĹߺͲϡ
Եһͷߡ
ҼϽҼӣҼҼùá
Ҽ붮ģùãһ
á
ӴСҿ̫ˣҼŽҼЦһš
ҼԵҼʱ򣬽ͬӵ㹤ڸ䴩УҪǲԼڳýԵŲ
Ц
ҼҼĿġ
ŮҲ˼ûЦݡǸŮŮĵˣͬҲǿĵġ
ڽԵﾲá
ͷϵȫҸֲֲ
ԵſڣŲ˶٣ȥĸŽ롣
ÿԵƬýҼǱҲһģһйؽĶ˹ӻС
ȫҸڴͷ۵λãΪÿԼϼ縺ŵΪŮΡ
ĸֳеĹػɩ޷еǷݣΪŮΪҲҪС
裬е㹤ϵļҪȥҼҼǰɡ
̣ҼܽϣùҪæˣҺհ壬ԼŶ
ѱ𣬽䲻׼ۼسĵףЦӦãҼҼ
㣬ҼʼȴôҲԸط˯
ˣֽŲɳ˵ҪƬɳ̺հ˵Ͳˡ
ſţԽԽҼ˯źҼŽСһﱧԣСطŵϡ
ôãҲøˡ
ӷҼҲ˸ǡ
ֿ̧ѾĵˣţĩϢҲԼʱ䣬̾Ͳˡ챾ǿˣȴӣĹⲻȥ´лͣһúд㡣
̫ˣҼҼϲңҸ˻ء˽ٷԺҲֱ׳ظ˵ҺͽǺˡ
ѽ豻˵Ǹ֣˵ҼҼˡ
˵Һüλ죬ûзɣ
ô᣿Ƕģ˵ĶǱ˰Ļ
Ҽһʱò׼ĿǹˡҾѧʱĳɼУŴѧƵԵҲʦûڿѧĶǡ
˵Ҳһ֮пϣҪˣȥԵ˵һɡ
鷿ŹţҼãԵ˵Žˡ
ֹţԵӦõԿʲôļ߽ˣֲŴ뿪ͷ
ҼҼ˯ˣҴôãҲûȥˡ
Ե㡣
ҼЦűסҵſڰ
ûҲȥԵҲֻ̧ӵˣС
࣬ݼǳԣ˽ܵһǡ
ĸ˵ĻһЩԵĵؿҼͷҼʱȥҼĲ˽¸ദʲôĵطԸңһ᳢԰ѹ״̬״ֿ̬
ǼҼ쵼ɵĻοҼվĽǶĹ״̬
ҪһһЩе״̬Ҽ׷쵼Դ
ԵҲܺúܺáûвദôᱻסϲϲòأԲҪȥôıԼҾϲԭģҲϲл͸ֱ˵
ȥǸеĴɡ
Ե䵭ˣʮɵҪǺѵġ
ҼҪԵΪĸı䣬ֻҪԵϣԸĹԼԸһֵκ£֪ˡ
ḧԵͷࣺ㿴˽⵽ľڹеһ棬Ŷ㶯Ķ顣㶼֪㴩ְҵװ·жˡ
ḡ
ḡĻҼ˵ȴЧǵýԵСһ
ԺٳĶҼĺ˳
Ӧ˵컬ĳˣЦŰչȥġٳ
˼ӣҼպõԣԵһͬ鷿
ڿʰ輸ϵġߡԵҼ˹
裬ȥҼҼ˯ɣšԵҼݡ
űߣȻסԵ첲ЦҼҪȥ¥³ҪõĵϣСհȥɡ
ҼԵ˸΢ЦӦ̣һ¥ллڹϵָ
ԵͷҾͲˣġ
ҼܴӦԡ
ȵʱҼĿתʾ
ŵúܡ
֪Ҫȥڸദʻ
Ҫʲôأ
ˣûˡ
Ƚ
˶˵ݣһأʵСհСƬɣ
Ƭ
еС
Ե⺢ƫ䣬ûͬ»ҼĵһܿɹǣԸã˵Ҳ¡ǹֶϲ㣬ȻҲϲġҪƬ˽һ£Ͼ˵ܿǾּˡ
趼˵ˣҼĶ˵ûУ
ҲѣһҪԺߵһЩСˣ۳ӡ֣Ը
еģ̡ӵ԰﷭һţ˫ֵݹȥ
ƬϵϢ޷Ǿǹ˾ơ˾ַԼְλ绰롢΢Ŷ/ά롣
Ƭ󣬸˼ǹ˾ҵ񣬵һ¥͵ˡ
⣬Ҽӵ˺񻶵ĵ绰
գǲǶ˻ˣƽʱæҿ⣬ⶼĩˣҲ᲻ǰɣôۡ˲ٶණҲ飡žһ
裬ܸŮð˹һȷʵ£æøƵģϰͼ׷ϲˡҼ޲Ҳȡͬ飬ǧҪƽľû㡣
ʲôˣ˰ΪǮţУ˵ӲУ
𣿡ȥооûʲôرԵģǲӰָİ
ơը
ûʡ

ãȹˣ
˼ңŴС²ԭҼԵϢ¥ʱҪƬ
Եã֪ˡ
Ե֮ϵ㣬ԵɣаգԼӦԣǸеΪѣ˵
Ҽð̻ϵ𣿡
ԵҼҼ㡣
Ҽ𣿡
Եᡣ
Եûʲôͻظġᡱ֣Ҽֵֻüɫ衣
˭˵ͽԵⲻֱҪ̫ȣ
죬Ҽ̫ǣ컳ɽԵɽڽǰǲˮˡ
ڼ׷УУݷϲãⲻ֪ûԣԵڼÿһÿһ붼Ѱ
˲ʱ䣬󿴽Ҽ˯ú죬Ž鷿
ɳϵĵһ仰ǣϾٰʮƻᣬ˸иҵϰ;Ӣʿڳʱȥɡ


56 
Եؼǵ, ĸ״ŽҼҡĸָĻУÿζⲻһ⡪߻顣
缸, ˵˭˭˭ҵ˭˭˭˭ܵ˭˭˭Ϊ£նԼʱȥ
ֱҪ绰룬˴绰˵ʡ
ĸû취Ȼ, ȥμʲô硢硢ƻᣬ˵طȻʿյǰڨ̸
Ϊ˱ⲻҪ, ײĸ, Եܵءȥػġ
Ҳһ, ԵӦšá, ͬμһҪַԵĻ, ֻҪȥǩ
Ϊһ˾, Ҽ˯ǰŵӽˡ͡Ĺùõķ䡣
վűߣ˫ץ˯°, ڴͷĽԵʵùã, е˯, ܸܲհ̴Ƶհ˵Сè, 뿴
ԵĻϵʱ䣬ʮ롣
˵, 
˽ҼϢʱ䣬϶Ҳǻû˯ġ
Ĵհ̡
šҼ뿪ģܹȥϴڽԵߣԵ̧ס
ԵҼҼƵУУݣ㷽𣿡
Ҽظ죺㡣
ͬʱƵͲ˹
СڼңԵ˯ԱһЩĿʽԲһʱͽͨˡ
ֻĻϳҼҼ˷ܼհ̣
ҼЦŻ֣Ϻѽ
Ե򴽲Ҳ֪Ǽһں˭ô˳ڡﻹġ
ϲҼôڴϵʱ򣬶һֱĴ̼ȻˣҲҼҼҼе졣
ûҼ֮ΪУͲϲҲˡ
հ̣뿴Сè䡣
ãҸ㿴Ҽлͷͷɳ˯Уݡ
èܵܣУݣҼҼŶҲˡУݺУľգҼֻ֪֪ǳΪԼļжá
ۣôֻҪøһ𣿡Ҽ淢ʡ
ҼУݵ°ͣУİͷ̧ߣУݵĶҼ뵽ĽԵ
ǲʱҲô̧°ͣǵø
˼ҼЦԵ
ҼԽԽĹζҲýԵҡ
ĸܶ˶Զ̫ˡ
ŶѾǴèˣٳøҼҼһˡҼҼСԺҪøùúհһߵءҼûУ°ˣְУݵֻѩ׵צӸҼ֪ʲôСèİס
УݺܹԣҼצҲ㣬èצϲá
ףժ𣿡ҼԼС֣ҲҪס
ҼҼҪףǵöˡȶ쵽ˣհ̾һ˫ë׵İ׺òã
ţҪë׵İס
˵䣬УƺԼ䣬ԼҼߣ
УݱϣŰ׶Ƥ֫
ֻۣҲаףҼָĻϵУԵЦùãСèÿɰҲհǡ
ԵҼԴУֻңУݵãУݶС
󣿡
ţҼҼǶ󡣡ҼӻҼҼС㡣
հ̣ʲôʱܿѽң룬һûСèء
ʹùãȹùĩæʱùôСèҸҼŵֻУƤϷȥruaŪ
ַԵϤ
Ҳû뵽ԼװĶɫ//顣
ԵֻŵҼԼԹԸհ죬ùȥˮ
ˮֻǽڣˮűűߣҼҼĵÿЦҼЦѽҲˡ
֪Ҽȥҹùհ̴Ƶ
Сպܻ庢ӡ
ţ˺ԸãְжǸϲŮӡԵĶҼ
ڱ𣿡
ڡһںԭԼķӣҲԵǸͨͨСûаͽңҲûб۶
Ե
Һæںԭûʲô罻ȦûʲôѿԡҵľڹϣڽϣǽܵЩˣҶȤ
Ϊںԭû罻ȦûѣӦöȥ
裬Եĸ׵Ļûûҹæڹ㣬㲻ᲢͰֲ˵ڴѧ̸ˣǲ̤ҲڸĸĴߴ²ϵȥףʮѹñȼͥأԸʱ˷𣿻˵һˣֻҪĸãӰţһӣȻѺӺͼҶķܲˣ
ʵЩһֱʣ֪ͰΪļͥгĺӣǴڵֵʲôǸĸϵıϣǸ崫ڽӴĹߣѵҪ𣿾ҪǵĳûѡδܸԼѡ𣿸ο֪Ȥġˡ
סˡ
Ϊ⻹ǽԵͷһζ̻¶΢죬ȴʲôҲ˵
УԵûһ˵ô໰ûһʾĳġ̽֡
ǵֶһھƽѧȡַѵ֮׽ɺɩȻصԭչһһСĽԵδԹδִͽʵ
ȫ֪ԵʲôҲ޷ϤԵ仯ĸŮ֮ĺ蹵ԽԽ󣬸İ졣
㲻òľԱҪҲ֮ģŮҪȻͷЩеĴҲͲֹҸ˲ɲˡ
ĸƿԣԵűתȥ˿̨
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ҼĻ£ҼϸҼ²
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ˡ
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ΪҼ˸ı״뷨ƿ£κα䶯
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ԼǸ鵭ˣƺﲻҼʲôæ
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ţ/ֻ鿴Ϣ
Ҽ
Ե
ҼַһƬУ׵Ƭ
ҼǣֻУˡ
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Ҽÿ¶дȥϴ裬ܸɾ
Եá
Ҽ
Եûٻظղб
ҼĸУſգ硣


죬ǧӪĽĿͻǰն˺üɡ
Ҽȥ˺ĸŮǼҳ˶ٱ㷹ǧӪġ
Ҳڡ
ڶĺ麣ϼ˾İװʦָֻš
Сս㣬麣ϼǵǳ˶ˡ
ҼͷЦ򣺡ܣС»ݣǰ²ܡҿְĿͻﲻæôҲ˰ɣذ칫ЪЪšģԶ٣֤ÿһƾ깤һշȺա
ǰװ߶պã˶࣬СҲ࣬˵˭𣿡ƣУԺϰװĻҪôϾŵǰɣҪôԺɣĹʱŪ˰£
麣ϼսȭͷ̵ޣҪѵ˽ȣǸ˾ڼӰӵôϰʱ䣬˼Ҿû
˵ǣˣֻԼķڹҪʱɣһʱߵĹţ´һע⡣Ҽϼ˵úüȺͬҲ֪һ˾İװѱⶨһݣҪرע'ǰԺ'ıۡ
麣ϼҲõСս㣬ܺںļ˾ϵ±һμۡ
żʵĽ㵽Ϊֹ
ԵͺƷƷ˴߽һüЦףӭ˹ȥ
Ҽʺ麣ϼ磬ȺǲѾܾˣ
ǲſڴ֮ǰҲûˡЩʲô˰麣ϼ𽥱˵Сս㣬㿴ûߵúܽǸ۾еģҿ˧ֱǵӾͬûУ
ֻͷŴٷŴ󣬸Ⱥʧǰץ˼ţ˾ˣеĸվһҲ̫ˣ
߲һװˣʲôܡҼ˵
麣ϼԣƬϸԱȣܵĽ촩ĸ߸Ь߰ףǾһңǶȿĻţǰ˵㣬űȽܸ߳һš
Ҳ󡣡
վڲ߸ЬĽԵǰҼҲ߳Եһš
Եճĸ߸Ьʮ𣬽ΪչǸ˵棬Ŵ˲ʮ׸ߵЬɡ
麣ϼŴƬزãûɶģЦСս㣬ȥԱ˰ɡ
úöţȥתתãʲôҲһǺ¡
ڴͻιĿĶͼҼòˡ
ֻŽԶԶһ۽ԵͺãӴͣĿˣһô
Ϊ麣ϼĻθϳ´׷ӿ
Ƶģ͵͵βȺŴ͵ץ˸С
ܸʲô֣ĳϵǸƾһ᲻ö࿴룬ˡšû˵֡
ҲǾûˣŷŲ׼ذ칫Ҵš
ҼЦЦѵõظ˰ԣͬ˵ȺиܣҾ뿴ж˧ҵ۾۸ܣλļҵİ
ǡЦһ˼ȫǿƷƺڻĸܲáҰôϲģԵ˽ʶܰһ¡
Եڽ߾ȫǢǿҵµĸ߶˻Ա̵ꡪ硣
ǿƷ֧֣Ա߱˼ǿѡƷͺ⹩Ӧ
ңԱͨѡƷ߸Եļ۸ơػӱĲƷԼõۺܹǰǧҪġ
˴κܹ˳ɣǾζǧü뺣״κζź״仧ϣͬʱҲζΪǧüеҵ˺ĿԣڼδսԲӰԶ
˵ЦˡҼûٸˣ뻻ʽĥʱ䣬ܺȿ롣
֮ģ˽֮
ҼȿȿɲǵãֻǼ˵ӣͼץסڲ
ǴСңɾŶӵĴҡ
ùϵպǧ㹤лñ
ЩٲԸҲõͷ
߰ͷ˵ܰѿҰ칫ңһлл˵ԭ·ˡ
Ҽ˿Ⱥʧķ̾һߵĿȥ
ʮӣȻصӪģһ麣ϼȥ칫ҡ
ȡһһҬҪĸ
𻨰ɣûȹ
áҼⱭƹȥ
ܡһֶ𿧷ȣһֻֿ˿棬˶ţòɣ
Ҽʢȴ¡ȴȻհף㲻Լ¸еңеĲɡ
Ϊ֪һôġźĲΪŽԵǱߡ
ȵ¶ȺͿڸۣһں£˫ֽǰ˶ȣΣҼ
˴θĺҪ£ԵɾǧüһָĴ󹦳ˡţҪòͲǶò³ҰǸϹǧδü꣬Ҳûߵһˡ
⻰˵Ķҵ̸˵֮١
ԵͳҰ˫ɫ
ܴ˻Ҽ飬ҵ֮ĺʵֹؼԴĻִͿг档ܷɺضҵ˫ȫλĽۣǿĳһ˰ɣ
ôصĵӣΪʲôƾʲôȫѹڽԵһϣǸҰһ˵㣿
ܻ̫ªˡ
Ҳ֪ǲΪҼرɣҰԵȻ˽ʮ꣬ʵʵľƽѧУѡ֪ԵϻسȥģǺܾɲǽ쿴λĳ¸ܲá
ڰʾԵҰ˽飿
ǧŵ˶ڼڽԵ˽Ѻ̸
ɰڳҰһ֮䣬ҲڽԵһ֮䣿
ԵʲôȥһʮϹ̸һ֮أ
Щʣ±ĳġ
Ҽ˼ͼ˵ܳʵҲмɫ֮ܰԸʺȥҰ˽˴򽻵ͳסô˵أҹӵĹ££ҲϲֵôõĻᣬܵ治ԣֳɵĽݾǰɵӡ


57 
е, Ƥҵ඼Ǹõģú޵Ҽð, ҲԼΪǸŮ˽˵
ٿǸ̬ɲ۾ͷ
ѿùȥ
ϴһϴǳªס
벻ܾȻϲҹĹ¡ֻǲ̫ɣҸڲͬ˿ĶǿϡӰ֮רζ˶ԵѪ¡ˬ翴ˣζŽħеҼ, ʵڿϧҸܵͬ޷ˡ
˵, ֳ΢΢ǰ㣺Ҳ֪ǰǻŮǸ, Ըҵ𣿡
վֱٱ˵ꡰףܷ޺, ˿ڿȺ, ֽ߳칫ҡ
, ȻҲ顣
СҴı
ϵ̣˸/̡
һ, ֻöԷΪԼ۸, Ӷ䱾
Զһ·ˡĵײ͸ҡβ, Ȼû뿴, ԷѾ˼ŷ衣
˭ʡ͵ĵơ, Ҳǡ
յĹǷҪɣǧĿҲǷҪɡ
, ڿվһҪҲʱǻһݶ徻Ĺˡ
ýԵҲʡġ
Լĳʱĳ̲¶ĶԽԵľ˾ĳЩ˲׽ǾΣˡ
Գְ
ǰжڵĶǰһ롣
İ칫ǰòʰģԵǼб档
ſǰŽա
Ҽķ꣬뵽Լƨƨ߸˿ҿǣѿһˣ۲Ĳ
Ӫߣ߹࿧ȣȴתǴӭײϡ
ɲŹʱ
һ˳µδδ
Ҽ㣡
վڳҰ࣬ǰһæԼĿ﷭ҳֽݵҼȥϴһ°ɡ
ɫҺɫ´࣬Ҽֻ˵ϳֽ°ͣȴһ߸ЬԽԽ
Ƶʣ˽Ե˭
°ϵĿȣһʪֽ¿˿һװĵĳҰ·ӦûմϣǺɫƤЬЬΡ
⡭ܲԼ¸Ьɣ
ԵЬۺʱεԲ˲
Լǹ
õǸҪģ˫ִ£΢΢ʾǸ⣺Բ𣬳ܣŪЬ
ͣŵΪֹҰһ仰û˵
ɫѱҼǸ󣬲ųӦ˾䣺û¡
ҲʱԵҲ˴˴۵龰ѷֱ淢ʲô£ĿǱҼɨһۣȥæɣ
ǸܡҼԵǸ⣬鷳ˡ
ҼǽվţǰǳҰͽԵڳҰֱߣǼ˲ŲҼûضߡ
ԵûٸҼֻضԳҰ˸Ķ롣
Ҽ˵ڡ˽ĵߡ
ӪĹϣԼзǳҪĹҪ̸£ҼĻȫֻĵס
ʶ壬ִ֪磬ЩҼŵ㡣
ҼԼԹΪء
ȳҰǰˣѹϵİݵԵֱߣܣİ
ԵϽӹİ죬²ˡ
õĽܡ
εĳҼ粽ơ
ֱԵˮζ䵭ֱ˿ֹŵ죬Ҽա
ԶһЩڣҼȣ죬๤ѵ˰ɣ˲ȵˡ
ϸھɰܣӪĵÿһ棬ݺӡ
ŸԵҲǸ
ȥˡ֪أܵ˼ҿ°ˣȻҼ㡣
ҼûӦ
ˡ
Ҽϴ֣ϴѹǰվϴһ£ø˾͸ϴˡ
ֲǮˣ·˾ֱӡ
·ŵһδϴθԵ·ʱġ
·Ǵɫͷһȥ󱳾¶档
£Ҳû⵽֪ԵͳҰ˫˫ֵ֧ĵЩԱΪ̸Ϊˡ̸˽£
Եȶ˾ƣǽӴ˰ɣأҰ˵
ֹҺڹϵĽʣӦꡣ
ԵĻڶ
ǰ̸ʲôĶ̸һҲܲš
ǸŮˣŪǷǣ
еˡ
ĲǽԵ᲻Ұʲô˽顱ǳҰˣվһӶﲻĸ߶ȵˡ
麣ϼѿڶǾ䡰еĸվһҲ̫ˡȻǳҲԸͷȡ
ӺͻҹĹѾʱˡ
ڱ׷İ飬˫ǿ
Եաǿı׼ĺƣõֻԶԵָͷʸûС
Եʱ˵鲻ǲģƾеսôΪһˡ
òԼҲԼս
ͻȻһֻҼ󱳵ļϣŵһ顣
ϴˣһɡ
ǽԵ
ҼѾɿض㿪ֻ֣쵽泶°ڣǽԵŷ½䱸
·ʪһƬסǿȾ˿ȵˮϴҺĭ׹Ļڣ·ʪԽԽ࣬òǱ
ԼСģҲʲôӣܱˣҪ
˵ô˵ί⧲
Ҽֶֻˣƹˤתϴϵĭ
Щ⣬ǿˣ¶Լʱ䳤̶ѡ
ȴ޿䣬һԵͲԾѰԵİο͹ģס
ҪϴתԼעֻһҪ̲סΪӪĵƷˡ
ĵֽ
һǣýԵɽΪĴִң˳ϱ壬ݽԵΣ֮С
һǣԵᡰ޶ԡԼ֮С
ϣȥ
ʱ˴ϴ֣Ҷǿͻʶ
Ҽֽ֣ԵŮޣеֽøܴ֯
϶ҼЩˡ
ԵΪ˸·ôҪĿͻԵΪ⼸ӵʱר䡣ԽԵ֪ǲܵİ
һΣԵҼ뵽¡
һԵҹ°һ
Եʼûһ䰲οĻͬҲûУɽԵȴκһ䰲οĵĻҪˡ
һصĻλ˼֪ԵڴʱųҰ·ڹϽϿĽԵǼôƽľٶ
ϵĻ˵ǽoocϽԵ衣
Եĸı䣬ΪԼ
·һˣԵһɡ
Ե·ʱŴӳʱôҰ͵ģҰġ
ϵҼݵĿþӨʱԵ䣬˳ȥ
жĵҼػ·
ŬԼУûж˵ûвŽԵ
嶯뱧סԵ˵ллҪһǣðǶܵίŪ·ĿƶýԵ
˽ռݽԵıʱˡ
ǾԲС
͸ƽ˾ùµѹأԼΪԵķա
һߣҵ๤ѵϸɾȥѰҼʱѲӰˡ
װϵĹ˶ˣ麣ϼڽӴ۾˵¡
˵ˣǰкϼһ˰ҼأҸջء
Сս㣿麣ϼʶ칫ҷۣɲٱŮħͷס˵߼ӿ˽ŲٶȣСսˣ깤ˣҲ׼ߡ
쿴ʱ䣺֪ĵˣ˵ҼĻء߰ɣһȥ򳵻ǵ
߼ȥɡ麣ϼ߼ǽһ·̣أ
Ҳ߼ɡƽЬ·µġ
з㣬³Ҳࡣ
ʤһߣⳡϣȫô۽ŵĸ߸ЬҹУҪԵȵǲֹƽЬŸ
ڽԵߣԵ۵ǸһСĴŴ磬Ҳע
Сսߵʱ˼·ҿеǽ֮ǰġ˵˵ոշʲôˣԶӪˣ麣ϼŰԵ죬˵ǿȲС·ˣСսĿǸȥģô˽ܵ·
·пǽܵģûʡΪҼɫá
ǼҼ¼ԣʱһƬ
ôҼҲǵĶͷ쵼Ҷͦãøӣеɫǻ˼
Ҽܰ칫ҳ󣬸˲СײˡպҺͽܽӴͻذ칫Ҽ㡣·ˣܾͽ·
ľҲϲȻл·һûܰѳܸһȥҼ·ܶҼҲ̫̫谮˰ɣ
cpȻ
Ŷ׵ˡڲǱŮħͷ۸ˡ

ͣҼſڷϡ
ϰװȺ㱨ϣûë
ȴĳϢȰ·೤ۣһ߶ֵλԼ⣬˰⣿
ȻǹĳֻǱСˡ
ڴϽԵ·һˣ˭֪겻ɢϽ͡
ĿתǴһĻ
ϢָġˡɾǽԵˡ
ô˼̱ñ˺õŮˣ
ҪѺĶԻֻ޼Ĺݡ๤򡢽ԵڵĿȺ㱨ԵҲȺˣƷȫȨ
λ޷Ǿǿǿݿϡ
ܶ񶾣ҼȴҲòҡ
ûиԵţǱõԼϣ˵λĵ⵽Լҵ
˵·࣬ҲϴǱŪ࣬ȥϴ
Ҽղųߵüû뵽ܻͣʧˡҲлܲߴͽ̣»ؿɲȿˡǶȰ׿ˮɣڸάƤ
˹ںڻܲóҰϡ
иɻ
ͽԵĶ˫ǿ
ͼҷĵķ겻ԴԺδ
ΪεˣŪΪǸ˲ƸĳҰķɴףֻǣպԼƽ
ԵǸ߷ɵ죬ǧ磬ҲǷ
ԼأС糾ܿܿͨ۵һˡ
ͽԵԺԺѵҪŽԵΪŲŵ۽¼ĸ
ԼʮһյĬĬԵŮˣƱҲɽԵҵĸѡΪԵۣΪԵ˼ùĴڡ
ƽƽػ˶ʮ꣬Ҳ״˶ʮ꣬ͷһμ͵һ
ǰ붼û
죬ǳزƽ
ֻ׷˼Ļһİ롣
ιã
ãҼ𣿡
ԣǡܶ죬Ҽܿ췴ӦԷǽ裬ãʲô𣿡
ûдŵɣ
ûûУ˵Ե
ԵйҲҼҼߴģһֱ߶հ̣ʣհǲпһؼǰٺհ
Ҽȷǽ룬ǽҼ룬ܽͨ绰ǳʲôĿģƺ˵ܾĻ
ҽҲ˵ˣԵϲȥԷǲǹýԵڣȥ
ԵỊ̇ûʲô£ʱȥ
Уֱӹͺáȣûʲô
հ̣绰ͷǽҼڴĺ
ã͹ȥ


58 
ķ, ҼûԵİá;ҲҪҪʲôԽ, Ҫʲô͸˵ͽԵĹϵˡ
ͽԵĸ鱻ǰðݺҷСյĽɫҪڶʣ˱΢ҷֺü׷쵼£ɡ
ԵԼӦԣǶ, ҪԵԵΡ
ԷһϳŽԵ·˳󣬻ǴӺԼһó»ϡ
Ե·, ޵ζǽԵ, ųҲܡ
ݴк, Ҽ͸߸Ҽҫհ, ùøһвǦ, кööɫء
ɫýԵµĳappġ
ҿ㻭ʲôˣ
ҼСޣһ, ҲС޵ס
Ҽ˵ĲǦʺͰֽڲ輸ϣϻ档
ŽҼ, ΧȹĽҲߡΧȹҼġ
, ֮ǰ, տʼˡ
ȽԵùûҪ, ҲѹûΣʱѡհ̡ߡҼӻ, Ӳת˻⣬Сհ㿴űȽԵС˺üɣˣ𣿡
Ҽʵһ㶡
̸״Ļ⣬һݾֱ׵ʣʵʼδġ
ѽҼ£شһˣ궼æŹҲû˵̸顣
̣Ҵ֪˵ʲôЦøɾ棬ѩԹΪأչ
Ҽ߶裬Ҳܹҵ¡ҽ27꣬ͷһǸСĽ׶ˡʱͬգΪŮԣҺͽһ֤ͨԼз׵ģŮְϴļֵҲԣĽܳŮԾ͸˵ˡ
̣һҲŽܽ°ɣ
ŲԼŮôǿӵг˵;ԼҪʲôҪʲô
ĶȲϽܵģҲԼܱȣ֪֮ҲΪҼʶнŮԣҲŸȷ֪ԼķܶĿꡣһֱǸܺõİԱǰ·ϵİҲҼҼɳ·ϵİ
˵ܵĸ״ڹ˾ʲôܣ׷ҲﲻȻְеĹĶǣѶŮԵƫһЩԵ޲شЩλŮԡǹ˾ҲڽܵĹ˾ҺܡҸ֧ÿһλܵԶ﹥ŮʵԻģ¡
ǶֻܻڸĸµĳˡĸŮеϣǳͷأɾһΪеģֻϣܿҸ
ҼͣƬ̣Ŵ۾ͷĽҼ˵СӵĿĺף˵Ŀĺѡ
̣ѾΪˣһϣİɣ
֪ԵʲôῪ
Ƿ֪ԵСʱûĹأ
Ϊ۽ԵҼžͶǰλĸ׳Թ
ⷽҲûϵԼ˸̸⣬һСѾͷˡ
ɫ΢䣺鹤˵ģŮԿԶǿԼҵӳͻֻҪоûŮԲǷҪعͥȫְ̫̫Ҫģҵһ涼ƥһ룬ô˵ȻƲˡΪԼģùƣĸĲŲòΪżġ
ڱؾᣬҼ粵䣬ȴֲѽԵļҵ۳
ŵڶθ氡ͷרװڶĸӵظһԵ˳
˭ҳϲСô˵
ûаɡ
ˣĿ𳤡Բѷ
ãֺƵЦ̣ǰҲһλ˾Ůǿѽлл˵Ļˡ
߻ʱ򣬶ȰҵȱóһͨҲҪ۸ڶܼҪҪʵҲҾǣرһԼϲˡֻԼϲˣܾôᣬŻĸԸΪɼͥĹӡϲϲңܲϲңҲֻǿԼǿĸĴϻ˵ǣߴš
˵ڿŮǿ˵һ۵ϱĸ⻰٣ҲڱԼĸס
ϿŮܹһΪǿġ
Լĸף˵һܸǮԸõģ˧ܵԣܰǮϲǺˡ
ŮӾҪƶԼãǵ̰ǮǮŮڼ
ĸ׵Ըɡ
ΪԼûܴɶźڴŮҲ˿գΨСŮʵˡ
Щ˵Ե˵
ûϲסŵġĸȱ䲻ͬ㲻Ҫ۸ڶ˵ͬġֻŵԵ˽ϣڼͥгԼ˫ϵĺгҶԽԵżҪܵò࣬صľ㡣
ҼһȻǵĶˡ
ûλĸ׻뿴ԼŮͼޡлŮƵзܴ˵ƵŮˡ
Լĸ׶뷨޹ֺĸҲ롣
̣ŵԣָ൱ͥ£Ҳǵָʲ棬Ǿ档ϣйͬ˼άȣŲͬһ¶ԡֻǻص˵Ǿ䣬ɼͥӦǱſĹȥģΪϵĻƵҸİϷ˿
ҼҼֻ˻Σհ˵ʲôѽڳ𣿡
ϴհ̺վڲԣҲ˵˺ܶĻҼ֣ôô໰Ҫ˵أ
հ̸ûгŶ̸ֻһЩ뷨
Ҽ£ĳҼҼѧˣԺҲʦͬѧҺĳһ¸㼺뷨ͬ죬ͬţ򵥽ǣʲô뷨Ҫ˵ñ֪Ų⣬Ҷܿĵһʲôˣ뿴ʲôƬ뼸˯Ӧô󷽷ظ̣Ȼ̲ſԸ뷨һòҲ໥ء¶𣿡
ˡ
Ҽͷתʵ̣ǿɲۣհһҪһĦ֣ҸùûհһǸĦ֡
ҼҼԼûס졣
վǸ⣺ʵǶԲ𰡣̣걻һЩѴ߻ߵͷЩ˵Ƕܵˣո˼ĳҲ֪һĶΪ˺Ӻãҷǳܹ⡣ֻ˻Ⱞۡ۶Ψ壬Ҳˮů֪
Ҽɱģ̡
ŮԼģͷĳ˲١
Ҽ庢ӽ̺ӶУС
Ҽ˵ĳЩе㱻ðɡϸ֮Ҽ˵Ҳûʲô
˼Сｲͷͷǵ߼ţƽë
ƲЩܸԵǧѡſܾûĿ࿴ˣҼһ
ãհ㻭Ħ֣ȥŮཱུҼͷ鷳ˡ
鷳ҪæʱҡҼָһ½ҼıҼҼôԣܻҲ̣ܰǲѽ
ţ
רĻɣˣϸùÿ
߻سΧȹֻ¼ͣ
ﴫҼĴЦֻ̾Ϣ
룬Ǿٿɡ
Ҽ˵ġġʲôԵͽҼҼж࿪ģҲѰõĿܾܲʱʵ˫ؿ顣

ԭһĿвϵõ年˽ԵĻ䡣
ɫƿõ塣
ҼϴŪ伫Ϊơ
ټ۸߰ͣǽԵģΪУѵ˽Լ
ͳҰǾƽѧѧԺѧоڼ䣬ҰΪܳУУμУ죬ʱȫ̽ӴҰľ
ʱĳҰֻһ֪ĸ߹ܣûƸΪ縱ܲãҲСˡ
һ֮ԵϵʽȴûԷϢ
ֱνӴ磬Ұ֪ǽԵǧ㡣
һζ꣬ϧˡҰᱭԵһ£ǲǹ֮⣬㶼Ĭԣ
Ǹȷʵ̫죬һǰ
ҰЦҾ˵㿴ŲǸỳɡɵˡӣΪ˹ίԼҳٷİɣ
Ե񶨳Ұ۶ϣͬУͬϵʦɣίǰҲ˵ˣٷԲ̸
Բ̸Ǿڲ̸
ҰĶͬһ㣬Ե˽ĲܽǸɡǣѹûɡ
̸ɡҰЦΣ²̸޻˵Ǳǿ㣬ҶҪʡԼǲˣǶͼˡ
ˡԵٱ㲻ڣ֮
̸֮н飬ҰԽԵӡǺ̵ģȻҲһˡ
ǰһ֦ŮķâжҫĿ
ǧüŴʮ꣬¥̶סլΪſʼתͿҵزȺȶԻдߡ
Ұӿ͹۽ǶȸԼǹ˶³ҲԼ˻ʱ䣬Ҫȥƽ̸˳֮ĻӦûȥǧҵʵؿһݷ棬ʱ֪ܿɷͬУ
ԼҰ棬˶Ե˵ˣҪѹԼһϡ
̸ã̸Ҳֲһ˵
Ե˿ظĺϧУ֮Ұ˽Լһº翿ҵסĳЩ˵죬ҲԼİ
ɺ̸ˣԼΪĺͱΪǢ̸̣һ
ֻԾˮ˵Ұвɸ˵ľ飬Ҳ˳˯ġ
ֻԷǲҳݵİԣӰб塣
£ҼˡҼӱ˿Щɲ׽ӰҥĻûеѹɣ
ԵڣҲʲô͹ȡ⣬ˬ˻ظ㣬һݡ
һ˼Ų棬ǧһĿˡ
ˣԽԽá
ҲͲһռ˹ͻˡ
òͺ󣬽Ե˳Ұĳ
ҰͳҰںšСʱĳϳʱѯʽԵסַǼ䣬ȫ̾û˵ˡ
ӿ⣬Ұһ³Ƶһߡ
ԵڳҰ³ʱͷŵŰϣɿˣȫ˳Ұʿȡ
罻УΪŮʿţʿŮʿӦеءʿΪԼŵΪͬҲŮʿʿء
ǰǣֵñ˴˵ء
л´γ͡ҰԵ֡
ܿԵòֵ֮𣬡г֪ͨټ
ܿͻټˡ
ҰվڳǰĿͽԵݼ䡣ԵûлعһͷȻʲô
̧ζĲ嶯ȴҼС
ҼӶر˱ۣվڽ˺ųŰԵܲõˣ⸱У
ҼҼһСʱǰ͸λǵġ̡뿪ˣҼ֮Իڳ⣬ȷΪ˵ȽԵ
ҼҼͬɵǷǦĦֻͰڲ輸ϡ
ҼҼԼģùõľϲ
ҼҼȱ߹ùãȹùûؼҷ˻϶绰
ֻҪһϵҼҼƱؾͻ˵ǷհġҼСѣֻõȽԵæ׿ڸҼ¡
ҲԵˡ
ϴӳԷʰͽҼҼ¥鶼ദǢ÷á
Ҫǣϳǰû˵һͺˡ
Сհڹ湫˾ϰ࣬һӻѹܴɣ
ģ¡
ȻôӣҼҼϲ㣬ĻҼҼʦɣһΣʱĻʲôʱ򷽱㣬ǰԼϻĩԡҲϰ֣ľСⷽҲ̫ʱнÿСʱ٣㿴Σ
νġǹⶨ˷һݿ㺢ıķӰԼϰ࣬˭ܾܾأ
ϲǮҲȱǮӲΪԼΪԼҪɫ塢ȥǮˡ֡
֮ǰûǮ
̶һ硢һϣͽӶıѣǸײ󣬺ͽϲĹ֮
ǣǡǴƲ
̣Щ벻ƾ⡣ǲýǮġ
ҼҼҲȷʵ쵽׶԰ˣпղȥСһģܰǰӦСǵȺ
ΪǽԵĸףҼܾҪ΢Цֳܱһ˿һŭ
˵˾䡰ðˣȥϳ뿪
ԭڼȽԵҼȵף˳Գܺ
ãġð⣬Ϊ֮Ե˵̫ĸ׵£ԼȥӴȥ˽⡣
ɽ̸㲻ƺǰɸԵйְͨŮŵ⣬Ż᲻ԼԵ
ԲԵɶѣ̤˽ԵȦӺעݼͥԵȶ౻ڸ⡣
ķңҲйڡȣҲȥҽԵ
ʱ䣬ɤӣԵȥ绰
ι
ô죿æˣ
ţյҡ
ҼԼ죺㿴輸ϵĻ𣿡
ˡԵš
½нڣһ䡰ҼҼҼŽҼ֣һдġ
Եĵһ˲ҼҼ᲻ǸҼҼ
ĸڼżҲҼҼдһ仰ҼҼԼ͸ˣǼҵĽʽĻﰮġ
ϣˣԵûôģĸ׽
£ǰߡ
ҼȥĸףӦûȸ˵һҼ̵ڣǿæš
ˣ簢̸Ҵ绰˵ǽҪȥˣҼҼҾ͡ȥˡǰ³ķˣͣͣ˵ʵʵǣҾûҵĳã˵ǲǣ
ţǣĺóԡԵҼΪ죬»ɳҲôһߡ
Ҽͷ˳Ĭ
Ե˵Ǿôߣǡ㡱
һҼֿڣ˵ӴĿͻҪҲ֪Ҫæû㷢Ϣ
ԵʣϢԴ绰
ҼһӻˣÿֻĻǰһ񣬸ȷϢʽԵæûæ꣬ȷϲæͨ绰ģֱֱ˵ˡ


59 
ͽĽֲغ, δ˭Ӯ˭ҵĵزҼί, ҲûԵ״
ίܲסôĵȥԵʿ
ͽԵĬˡ
ֻҪһ˵һͲơ
ԵʳǾ䡰ˡʱ̸Ҽһ·ҼҪ˵Щʲô˳·һֱߣһֱ˵, Ҳϸ
ҼûߣҲû˵Ǿˡ
Դ, Եʩѹ, һȷɻ
ҼҪѧҼ, ѧȥҼ, ҪԼ
ͨ绰ֻ, ӣҼǧ
Ե, һһҪǵøҼҼ绰Ҫ, յˣҲСӵİ, һҪ˵ڡֲƤô, ұ㡣
Եһ䡰֪ˡ, ˵绰
ĸ׵ĶԻԥŸôǲһͨƵ绰, ҼϢȹˡ
ҼӪ䣬ĺ뱧㡣
Ҽ·һ촩ͻˣҲޱӡ·ֿˡ
Ҽ绰ϴϴ˯
Ե·Ŵ
Եˣʱȥ·
Ҽѽ
ԵҴ绰ˡ

µĳ֮£ҼԼԭȵƽ̬һ˳ԱȫҲ׷ʮȵĴת䡣
ʼӰ˼Σʼ˼ԼδĹ滮Ҳ顣
ȻǮ뱻Ե/Ц/ԽԵľ£һһչ˽ԵʳӵСķ
дʵظۣŮҪʵԼıͼֵñڻŮĳ¾ɹС
תʹԼһŮ֮
ԵԸԸ˵ء
ɲ뵱Եļ棬Ӷİ
쵽°ʱ䣬Ҽһνӵ˽ĵ绰
ֻˣעˡ衱ɵֻ߳λ¥ݼ
ιá
Сգ˼ˡ
ţ˵
ܲ鷳һΣտҼҼ̼ʱ£Ͼ/ҺͽԵҪȥμһƻᣬǵطʺϴҼҼȥ
ҿ°ˣȥҼҼɡ뵽ҼаĿɰСһŴŴհ̣ڴʲô⡱ҼҲԸϹ
뻢Ѩɵûӡ
һһ·֪̽ϸ
һζֻýΪǸҵķͽԵĸչٺ
̫ллˡҰѵַ㣬˰͹ɣߡ
跢ĵַһ
ԭҼԺԭ֪֪¥̶䡣
ԼŽ꣬Ҳҵ˵ˣʱͱ˺ԭ¥̡
Ҽǽ̾Ҳ׽ȥԭˡ
ȥȥ£ȥסı︻ûʵıǲһ
ֻϽԵͷһϢ¼Եظġǻûϵ
ҪԵ˵
˵˵ĻԵ᲻ΪڿΪתͷȥҽۣ
ԵӣСۡһ˵
ƻǻԼǷеΪѣеΪѣͲȥ
չ˽ҼΪѡ԰ƶĸԸһԽԵ
˵ưͳԻпԣȲưͣԵҲǻпԡ
ûҪҪԵ˵ô˵յ˽ĺ롪СãǽԵĸף
ͨ˾䡾̺á
һã㵽˾ͿԸҼҼһԡȻٳȥ˾ӽԵ
ϢڸȥԵ
֮⡪ҪýԵ֪
ڹ֪֪֪˵
ҼõỊ̇лл
ð˵ллǣ֪ҪҼҼѾ˷ܲˡ
һϢհ̣һҪ͸㣡ԼŶ
ҼҼǡСɵϣԼ¶ˡ
ô˵һ
ҼסллҼҼհҲȲ뿴أ㡫

нʮԶҼһ°Ǳ߿ʱ߽ڻٲ³Сʱ͵ˡ
ڴ˵Ǽǣʻ롣
һŷʽľ±ɢڲԴľӳ֮УлԶеĶг
˳ŵǰ
滮ͣλͣǶǽҵģҲͣ˹ȥ
³̧ȥ㣬Ӧûһ㣬ǾĲ˰ɡ
ݶ筺ɫϦ¸Ŀ
šࡢľͶˡ
ġ
վڳǰ˺ü߹һͨŵʯС·Ҽ塣
ӭǽҼ
հ̣СС˶˽һǡ
չ˽ҼΪѣļۡΪ˽ԵΪ˽Ҽʹýס
һݾŵ˷㡣
ûж˵ʲôֻ򵥽ͽҼ䣬ʹҴŶˡ
Ƶȥǧý˽ԵƻƻᣬҪȾƣȻǿ˳ġ
Ȼطˣȥ·ˡԵһȹ
ɡ
ԵںװȹӵĴӾͷм䡣
ΪӦʵҲȹӣֻﲻĸҪֹˡ
Ͼһ춼ڹ˾ܴ¶
ĸ˵ҪһȥͲµˡ
µĸ׻·ʾµȥƻˣǾİš
ϣλʿˣɫȹܳʣ߹ףҲ̵۹ƷζΪѡضҲǶ߽ġױȵġ
Ե˼֣ͨǰӾ̧ͷĿԡ
˵üëһԵġ
ʱܵ׿ĵһϸ¸մӹԺڹڷչҲ˾˵Ļƻᡣˣ׿
̿ˡΪͽŶ˷ŮʿЧͣҵҡ
Եֻ˵֣͡
ۼˡ

Ͻʦʮƻᣬаˡ
ʮǴʼ֮һ´ǣʮرӣ˽ɵ´ǡ
ҲǿϣԵͬ⻻ĸΪ׼Ϊɵļ档
´ǽԵ̧֡
ԵӯӯǰĸŮТסĸ첲
ĸŮеġܰʱ̣ٽȻʮǧ
ŽԵؽύͬʿԵ곡ϷԼҵΪأĶŮ˽顣
Ͼŵչһ¥ҼŽҼ㻭ҲµϷ
вд壬ǻݲݻСҲе˻
ˣհ̲£һ˭
Ҽ˹ùãҼźͷЦü۲λҲ˼ʣ˵۾ëŸùˡ
Үùˡ׵ġ
ףҼŻְѽҼ촽΢Ķ
ùЦˡհðùЦӣùòˡҼֳƺá
ֵҼɳϵֻˣƵͨʾ
ӵܹȥһȻǽ衣
̴ġ
Ҽ֣ҼҲӵСܹɳ
ƵһͨҼʹ󺰣̣
ҼҼڼûйԹհ̵Ļѽôˣڻ𣿡
ţҺհ㻭Ҳ£Ǹոջ˹ùá
ĶԻҼûв͡˲輸ϵʪֽҼͬʱҲעĻϽǱߵĶ
ھƻƧĳ䡣
ԻŽ߶ͷ治ԶĨϤӰ
һϮݵľƺɫvȹɢڽ׵ı۰ȹһһơ
ԵС̨ߣ΢ͷһƣԣһλװһ˺üʿ
ǰͷܿȥ˺;ޣôȷ濴Ե˽ġ
һ棬ǽԵ̧ͷʿ˹
ͷһתһűȽἸʿҼϽˡ
ֻû¶
ͷĽ˵ҼҼүүСʱүү㣬ÿ괺үүҲ˴̸˵ģǵ𣿡
Ҽİˣ˲Щ޴룬ŤͷҼ
ҼҼ˵ллүүҼСʾ
ллүү
ҼŵֻٵͷҼյʾֳžͷ˸ġ
һλүүЦ佱ҼҼֶֹ¡
ͨβˡСա
ҼԼھͷģǰҶúչҼҼġѾһһģż
лл㰡СգҲ̫ܿͻȥˡ
ͨš۽Եķ󷭿ֻᡣ
ȫҼҼһƬţиָı飬ȴЦҼһʱôĵʱ
Īģþƻᷦζˡ
ԵôˣĶ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ղŸԵ˻ʿҲҪҰæĵط𣿡
ءԵҵ˽£¡
ǸʶȤ˿
̾ϴ˼£ˣ˸߸ЬˡҲˣҪţ͸һȥɡ
ŮһزǰѶкøеʿˡ
ȥҲðѶˡ

ӾƵǽǸ׿ǻȥ
ǳϽˣҲǳϽĿͻӾ˾Ƕӵ񣬾ǽͽͽԵܸԵϻۣȡϵʽٺò
̣ңͽܡ
׿ˡ
Ե׵һ䡰͡û˵
һ·ϣ׿ʱļ䣬ԵһֱŶͷĿ
ֱ˱³⿴ȥһۣÿͣλͣŵһǼҵĳ
ԭĬ˾׿ȥҼĳҲ˴³лͣҲҼҡ
׿Ե仰ڱסԲˡ
Σ赹׿ĸ첲Ե˾ƣסиϡȥ˾˰ɣǺ
ãǡټټϢ
Եףټ
󣬵ҹ·ǰ΢΢ġ
ҼͽҼڶ¥Ĵ̨·壬ϴδӽԵҴġ
͹ùհһģ౦ˡ
¥ǽҼҼģҼ˵ֻķ䣬һһСɹʶ
¥Ĵųһ£һǽԵסһǽҼס¥µҼˡ
ҼҼ̻ˣ¥ȥɡ
ԵҲߣҼ֮ġͨƵ룬ĿӦѾﵽˡ
ǵύȦľ룬ҲףΪĸףŮǿô򵥣ϣŮ˽ԵߵʿʤĽԵĴڡ
Ȼ밵Ȱ֪ѶˣͲô쵱ŽԵԼġŶԣΪλýԵҲһͬرأ
ǸӼʻλˣɫϲ첲Ķ
˵ļƻһĻҲָ
¥ǲǾͻ˵ǸԵܵ׶󣬼θƷθУγơ
Ŵ򿪣ǰ棬Եں
̣ҼܹȥͿ˽ԵͷùҲհ̣ǹùã
ҼϹŵЦݣſֻˡ̣ܡͱˡ
˵Сգ̫лˡ޹»Ҵæʾлⲻȥɣϻ˵𣬵ʮ㣬ĸСʱǧ飬Ժ΢ת㡣
ҼЦһ
ԽһΡסҼоĲǱ˵ĸýǮķŭС
֮ǰͳ˻ᱻΪѻ׼޶żƵľ⼸һˡ
û޷νӵظӦΪԵĳģԴСͣתˡ
̣ʲôǧѽǧ飬Ǻ𣿡Ҽʡ
ͨƵҲлᵽĺ¡ҼӺԼʱյܶоСǧ顱ֵļ䡣
̣졭
ҼһȥĮ˵䣬Ե̧ž߳˼š


60 
Ҽǿ֪, Եˡ
ڽҼǰͷ, հ͹ùûؼңھҪ˵Ŷϱ̫Ҫ˯ĹԱ
ҼͷţǹԱհټհ
ٰհһæȥѲ輸͸հ̵ù𣿡
, ȥá
ҼҼ׼ڽİһһɵģ赱Ȼ֪ʲô
֪ҼڻǷʱж, һ߻, һ߰ѸǷصĻһδν˵жϲհ, ϲù, ˵ĵһ졣
ȽҼȥ, ҼվֱԽ˵̣ҳٷ, չҼҼΣûⲻȥ, Ҳá
Ķݡ
Ůܻ˵Ҳܻữ, ĽǮ˵ϵǸΡǷ, ˫һ̨ס
ҼѸ˶ܹհ, 
ԣлл
ӽҳ, Ҽߴܡ
ûͳԿװ£ѾߵͷĽԵȥ
Եţ￩һ£ãԵ˴Ӿ͹ţֿ˸ʻ
Ҽ㷲ȥԵȥ˵
һǸйٳ⣬Ȼ·ˣôóȳ⻹䡣
ӹôãñͷŶԡ
Ե˫ֱأۡ
ȫûϵҼ͵һôԵŵ벻һء
˼룬Եû
ҼѽҼŽпشУֳڸʻα쳤ȥȫԵϵϡ
һ죬Ҽ̧ͷͶ˽Եۣ溮Ҽһ¡
âڱջֶãҰοӣ;ұ߿һۡ
ίĺҲ
Ϊ˱ҼһҧѳԼҡ
о仰˵޴ͷܴβͣǽ˵ʲôܸԵֿ˯ƤҲҪһһʮ˵ѽԵãһýԵأ
ȥңУУֻëӰԼأҲӶӡ
Ե˼ƣͷʼΣ;оͷַ򲻶ˣҲû˵ʲôϵģȥҾȥҼңܲȥ/ɣ
ȥҼңİҲرų⡣
˳˳¥ݡ
УݵġءУԵá
Сȱģȴڸ߸Ьȹӣ¡
ҼŹϣȷʲô·ͻǸˡ
óЬڽԵűߣЬȽȥ
˵գһѱУףתȥһڽԵУݱܵǣҰֻˡ
Եÿ¡
ҼУݣϴֽˮһˮһ߽裬һôĶʼԵͱȽǡ
ûڳ̫ãˮԵɳϣ͵ߣè
Уֱ߷ƤУűߴ
ˮˡ
ôҪһܡĳմ߶
ѱӷŲ輸ϣתȥУУݲʺϴèصҡװʳƿޣֻè˹ȥ
ʳջྭסҲס
Եλá
һ߽ˮˣһ¡
£Ϊʲô˵
Եͷ
ӽԵ￴ġܵģѩصĺ⣬ĮȻ֮ġʧ
ΪʲôҪʧ
˵ģаգҿԼӦԡ
ӦԵĽǸɽףʱ任ȡĽǮ
ԵĻУҼԭΪԵʧԴĲ֪
ȴȻǶġıơеʧ
ǰû̸ʱҼԼ͹˽ԵΣô̸ˣȴԼ߹˽Ե
˵
˵ʲôʲôҴĸǶȡ˶Ǯ𣿡
Ƭ֮ʣͿˣ
ΪѪŨˮԵĸҲ飿
˵һ̣ɽԵѣĵŭͻֵ
Ҳ֪ôˡ
ԵˣǰԽԵİĺʱ˿̾һ֡
ƢǹܺǾͺú˵Եͷɳϵֻ
ǽ跢ϢСҽģҼҼʵϲҼҼ˽̡
Ҳͨѹϵ˼ûװ׻ʱҼҼ֧ʱнˣǷ顣
ԵҲѵҺܲ
ҼҲԵ߸ϵ̬ȣҪѻ
ĸѹǻУټϽԵһյҪըˡ
ô΢
ôÿ˶۸
˵˵ж಻Եʵ⣬ͷҲֲֻ̧ĸ׻Ϣ
֪ˡ
ѣҪ鷳֪ҡ
òأֻСӲҪѧ
ϢշһӰѹ
ͷϵҼʹñѽԵ뷲䡣ֻжڷˣǲƽȽ
ԵͲǸᡰ족ᡰ˵Ůˣ
˵Ǿ
˵Ϊֹ
ƾʲôÿضú˵ҲǽԵԼ˵ģദвĵطҪھͽ
ԵֱֻҼɳϣ֮Ϣ
ǰһͬʱϮҼŭ˿أһͿڼ
ֻѹѲˣҼƿȴֱҼסΪ/еĶ
һͬģеߣίңҲңΪʲôҪңҼҼ˵öԣסֺݺһ¡
Ե촩ʲô赲á
һ֫顣
ϴ裬ϴ衭١š
Уö¹ɫƬ״ﱻҿһԣʯѱͦ/̡
ء
ԱУϲ輸צӡ
Եʵ˫ۣܿУ־ı顣
һ˿ûܵУݵĸš
ƺɫǱ˵ʯѷˮ⣬մˮ̳
Ҽؾһڣ᲻ҧƣ㺬ڿк˷ϷȥϷ/Ū˺ü顣
УݺУÿһ׷֮ͬ
ڶʯҲûӹĿڳݡģë׵У
Ϣأʪʪķ۱ͷŮ˹¹ļͷᡣ
ⲻǶϷĵƹ±ֻԵëӹĦ̼ƿǶ߳ġ
ҼԴסŮϢȵҼȥϴ衭
Ҳһ̣ҼඥԵû
ôƽľظңҡᡱû⿪/Դ󷢵ĺΪ
ʯӹһٻָ֮û븹СȻȵת䣬ΡΡţҪɽ䡣
ҡ
ҼִԵϥѡ
˫ۻƣ첲뷢˴ᱧɳ
뵵ԡڣһ˫ֳڲǽϡӰصͬƵʡ
ԵվȣҼԼ֧š
ݶıɽˣҲһƽֱļΣɽ͵ĺǣƽı⣬ϸԲ̵βߣһ
ˮĳˢ£ֵڿҿҵԽűɽҲڻűɽ
ڱɽ֮µİ滯֮ɽ顣
Ҽƾһ֮ˮ뽭ƽȥޱϸĵؽӵϿȵÿҪһŲϴ
ܶʼκ۵̧첲

ɫĴУҼװڰŵĽԵ䡣
ҵĴͷҲůɫ
һӵġ
ԵҪЩ˾һ֮
췢ϢԵϵԴ
һҼOO@@һЩ˫ۻסԵͷԵ
ҶԲԣ
Եû
̧ĦҼļ磬§ڻ
ͬĴ࣬ҲǵһҼĻҼ§š
ԡҳҼͷ˯/ͲʶרΪ׼ġҼ˵׳װ
ҼĬĬΪ˺ܶ£󵽺ͯСһˮÿһԼҲõģҼȴΪˣø֮¡
Ҽġ
ʣһûô
ԵҪ˵ҵʵ롣Ҽ΢ͷȥӭӽԵĿ⡣
ţ˵ԵԼ㶣ίͰ͵ģЦĴ˵𣿡
õһʵǣҼºƶ˳ڡ
˶ԴŽԵ/ǣӪģǰ˵ĻҰйء˵ģҲԳȥҹҺܷŪԼ·
⼸꣬һûֻ۶쵼׷ϵѺ͵Ҷܿ˷ֲǹ뷢ĻŮˣķ͸ˡһҵĸͱǡҲϣڣ̫ں㣬ƫҪڮ㡣
ΪԼҿԳԶײֱȥΪ㣬Ҫôʣߣúڰ׵ߵΥ˵άۡ
ôһؿˣ񶼿챻ˡ
ֽӵ˰̵ĵ绰뵥ңҲǡû˵ǾӦԡЩæŸ̸Ҳġ
أҲǺջܵ˵̶ˡ
Ŀǰ׵㣺һҵҲӦø˽ӡҸͥ⡣Ҹλ⣬ģҸ㾭ʵ⡣壬ͬҶзǷ֮롣ܽǣҸŲԣһˣ䲻㡣
˻һԵ֪ҼѶ϶ĸ֪ȡˡ
Ҽ˵ĸ׶ˡ
ǸҷǿίˡԵǸȥҼ֣û֪ҵȡһҺǰʶӴҸ˵ĹϵڸҡмˣҲֻ֣ﵹæʵ䷴˵ӦԣΪҶġĸף㲻ϺƣҲǸкˣʵ˺
һҼҲᡣ
ΪȰˣСĻ̣ǲܣҲûĹᲪȻŭָҪܻٳûĽᶯִ
ǰ䡱ЩԵᣬԴﵽԧĿġ
ߣ̫кˡҼ̬ͷԵ°ͣǧҲСˣҪ̽ǲǼǮۿһźü֧Ʊңҹǵ𣿡
Ķļ򣿡
ԵѹҼͷֹסЦ⣬ҵϲֵ򣿡
ǿɲֹҼѩ֮һ£ֳĲݮvڲס֡
ԡع۲ϴµĺۼ϶ˡֻ°ԲĵطԵġ
ҪϰԲ߿мУԵҲô¶ȹˣ
һ͵ɣҲ㣬ʮ꣬ǲǧˣ
٣ҵġӲӲԵѾǾʮůˡ
ʮԺʮꡢʮꡣ
ʱ򣬰׷ԲԵǣǻһ
֮ͬʲôأ
а
Ƶ죬ҼԻϲ
Ե˼ɵƮȥʮ
ţġҡҼһԵϣӸ㡭ҵġ
봽ľΪ㡣
Ϊ
Ե˼صǰ
ɳԡطҼϸ䣬ûϸسõǹĴ
µİζ˵ĽŨңˡ
ҼĴָᰴŽԵβһƬƬҶˮ棬ڲ絴
ǳ޷ʱԵǵ飬Ҽűʾ顣
ҼǼ̫ˡ
类ס󲱾è䣬ֻ/
ǵĽ/ҺþҼ˱뻳УǱ֪ȴƣҾ͵ڸѭ򽥽ĻˡҵܣҲġԵһྡģһŬð̽ѡҲǡԽԽ£ùġ
Ҽǲ̫˽ˣûʵذԼ⣬ȴ¾սҼ棬ҼҲ档
Ըĸ׽ģ档
ʮҼΨһһ֮¶ˡ
ҼظԵƫԼԵİȫУ׵ĸĸֳλûġ
˭˵ǹ¾սˣ㲻һ𣿡
ҼԵŽԵһһ£һֱʱͬڡ
˻ԵҼıԼãΪǿǵʤ㣬ṩһЩĸסŮʿ鱨
ѽ˵
ҼطڽԵԣϣһ۾εĺѧ
Եĸ׽ɺĸǾƽѧѧԺҵоҲһķ
һµУ԰£ҵ飬Ů˳¡
ְһй˾ηȴʮʱٰ÷ֵĵ磬ڼûϰˡ
Ҳһ꣬һ˫Ůĸ׻ʵ»غԭ
ʱϴѧԵߡ
ǻصԭֱһŸŮ˵£ƽЩͬ¶֪顣
ʣҲ档
ںԭϻ˹ͬ˳Ͻʦ
ܸĸǱĬӰ죬ʦְҵг羴֮ģѧҲǷѧרҵҵͽ˳Ͻ
Щ꣬Եһھƽ
ڶ彡ĹǣһҪǿɷͶӱŮˡ
ͻȥڳϽķݶɶӽ̳СٺֵС
ԵĽҼľþ޷ƽ
һ£һѧʱվڸߴһӦŮǿˣجΰΣʧȥһȥĽʧȥΪҵʧȥ׵İº͹⣬Ҫжǿ־ܳŹ
˶ƽ
Խҵÿһ˹ƽ
ôԵ°ǿƵӺγĸף
ҼĿתؿŽԵ·ϿŮʿʱģ
Ϊعͥ϶ǷҲΪҾԼøһǲףҲûϵسֽȻҺڶڰⷽ棬ܳٶۣҲܱ׾ģҲͳͳᡣ
Ҹͬܲĸֳֽ֮֮֮İ룬ĸԸ͸ӣԸƽҫĸ׻غԭΪ˴ǵȷమģҲ˵ġ
ҵϲһȻһµ飬ҺůҲܿġֲʮϵĿȱ
ҼڶԵ˵ô໰ζİظص¡
Ե§סԵĻ˵ò׼ȷҶ㲻ϲǰҺܰ㡣ʶٵδĺܶꡢܶԺҶһֱ㣬֮İ֮İ֮İǵĹϵ򽫱任Ҷ㡣ⲻѿڶõĳŵ
㲻ó£Ҳ㡣㲻ǡڰȫĻ㱧ңױٴϽԵĴҲ/֮һЩҶĵ¡
ݷڲݴèĻһ㼴ȼ
˿ĵ£˭أ
žડһڰϮԵʧ˲䣬ɫıӹ˴
ģҼİ
ץƫͷȥмķ϶΢¹£Ǻ˯ѾõУݡ
ôôأ
ǷȻ̫ʮУƸ
ߣֻǰצſڴأһСźӰһŽԵ
ϸ΢нӱ洫/Ѱŷĵطȥ
һֻ¶ڱ⣬ϤζҲеϤսᣬǵ½ָͷ
һ룬ֻܾƵ̧ߣ䲻Ĵ󶯾Уˡ
һܿģУݡ
Ȼһʪ͸İɫڵذϡ
˴ӱ
ŵִһζǳǳš
۽h飬ﱸһӾɶԣȥɡ
š


61 
ӾɶԵʱ, ܾͶˣҼϵ˵, Ϊûжա
ʹͿۣ쵽˶಻࣬Щ
Ϳ˵ŶʮȦѣҲ֪ȡ˺ͨѣŮС
Ҳ˵ԵûпܻʶˣȻ΢΢, ԵȺôһλŮԣЩŮ˺ѲǷǡ
ԵԲᣬҲԶȡ, ֮˻, ֤
ɻӽԵȡ¶ķա
Եһlesֳ±ǧûԱĶǺ
ҼĽԵûʹӦ, ڼ, ڽԵ˯ǰ, ŽԵĶһ顣
ԵĻشǡš

峿𴲺ҼϴԷϴ롢ױ·
Եϴ·Էױ
ҼԵ·ֱһȹͳ, ķΡ
ѡģҲÿɣ
, ܺá
ԵҼԼװڳԷǰһԵǡ
˵, 档
ϲҼ, ҲϲҼ֮Цݡ
췢Ϣ˵Ҫ, Ϊûؼһױȥ˾ǵ͹Ҽ·Ʒʺ͵Ծ, ȥϰӦ궼ȫû⡣
·ͷҲϴġԵĻϴ·ǽԵʱˡ
á
ҼĻƷȽȫױƷ΢һҲѲܼ࣬ÿһﾡˡ
ǰҼûչʾԵ
ǡԵָڻ档
ҼҼ͸ҵġ
16ĻֽֽǽҼòǦʻҼͽԵǣǧһĻ
ҼڻϻĽԵͬǣŻϵĽԵһЦһСıһģһ
򵥣ÿһ̺СĿġ
3Сƾż󻭳Ļ㿴Ħ㣬˵ǧңҼҼԶǵùЦӣҲԶǵһʱĵӡ
Ҽ¾÷Ž輸룬ǣԵſߣȥɣһҼһ
á
ʱУݺУЬϡ
Ҽֻôǣ᲻һ᲻ýԵѽ
ءУݳԵУ˵Եôҡ
ԵԸ̧֣˵УݵĶ⣺ĸһ㣬֪ӣ
ҼУֶ˶١
ţװƹУʲô±Եץˣ
Уأ۸Ҳ˵أ´Ҳװ˯
Ҽ˽ԵȥգҪĹҪõĻ㱨ppt
ԭڵĹ㱨潻麣ϼǡֺÿܽpptĻĪˡ
һʮ㣬绰ˡ
װı㣬ûıѽ
ӽ࣬˵£˵ЩϻҺæġ
æʲôææȥ̸
磡̸ʲô̸
ôͲ̸ˣѲǹ˾й涨Ϣʱ̸ֹ˵㣬Ҫۻζʱ̸Ĺ˵Եʲôչ˰費ҪҽײΪҸױʲôŶûʲôҪԸţ
ٷϻҾ͹˰
𰡡ӽˣҴ绰ʣһôŵģڰû¶Ļȥƽ£տ쵽ˣ
ġ
ҵڶͺӽȥһؾƽ˵ʱûʲôֲԸǮǱߵĳסжҪϸ㡣
ֻ˵־ԵļǶۻһˣȡۡɽ˺̣ĸ֮١
ٺ٣ʵھƽҵɹȥ˾ιۡҸ˵ģѧ׷ңҷչ˺ֵܡ֪иر׵ı㣬ĳԺˣҵģ˵ȥȥ
һ治УͷкҪĿҪ
˵ǷڼգôУ
ϾǧĿһĴСС֣ܵ˦ƹҺЩŵͬ¶һӰࡣ
ðɣ˵ҲѽԲȵĻҵһ뵽㡣Ҫȥˣֻұˡ
š
ָϢһԼαزȥ
粻һ㣬˹˾Ҽȥ˰칫ҡ
ҼƣĪ˻Ҫͻ
ǧһĳﱸ˳ܻʲôҪ𣿡
ҷģǿȴǻǶҪע壬ǧǿȥҼ˼Լ׷Եĺ⣬Ҽڹϵıּ޿ޡ
лܹģһעġ
ˣҪգǧǱ߲ܳӡҪмǶܼ£Ӱ쵽Ѻúϵ
ֵĲ죬ָ״ˣ
סרŸ˵£è壬Ҽֶһ죬һǼ
ǰȥƽ
ƽ
ôȥƽܾȣ
ûУף˳
ҲҪȥһǧãһȥɡ
õܡҼЦӦת뿪칫ҡȥȥͻ۾ͺá
ȷʵûǿҼ򻨣Ҳǿȥǧá
ȵʱóˣҼ¥ѽӿ˵ݿڣҼȥԼĳ
Ҽأһǰһӿǧڴ¥ĳ⡣
˳Ҽűɧˡ
һ㣬ҼķԸѻתܣ¥µܣ͸ܵĻܴȥˡ
Ҽޱӹ
Ϊ㣿϶ǸŮ飬֮ǰԵ칫͸¶ˡ
˵ݣ麣ϼ֣Сս㣬ðɡ
á
Ȼſ֣⻨ȥС
¥վǰ̨¡
Ҽ˵ʱСһŻӶܲµǰõġ
ҼۣȴֻõҼһҡͷӦȻǰæ˽ܽڲڹ˾ܲԼܼӵʱ䡣
Ȼܲ
ͲסԺͳԹϵİ
ʾ󣬽ԵϴӲ񲿳ĿͣҼеĻϣüͷ
ܣȻذ칫ңǶȥ˵ʱˡƲζͬĴһǧٱ顣
Ҽ޹Ρ
ͻ¶ȸԵˡǣýԵв
Ǻܲˬٲˬôڳ̡
ܽңԵϵݸǰ̨ȥҲǵҸܻй̸
æ˽ܻмӿеġȴװϹװҼ˻ԵԵԴʶܣԽԽʵһ㺬ˡ
Եǵӣ˫ֱܾ̬ ôһ£˵ǣڴ֮ǰѾθ棬Ȼ˲أҲûʲôɹǵˡ
΢ƫͷ죬͵Ļ£ȥˡ
˵Ƥֱֱؿɫܣϣӽǧܵİ칫ղҲ֪Ұɾ칫ҴӲ
ѻȸĳһϢ
СԼոջҪֱԵˡ
ǳԹֳǷ籩
Ǳ֮ǰ
Ҫˣǰ̨ڲڲˮ䣬ӵ£
麣ϼҲǸ߶Ƚţü͵͵ҼҼ᲻Ի⣿ƾأƾܵĽ粻֮࣬ԲӦòڻ¡
ҵȣûȵҼ˵
ˣԼһ亹Ĭ˵аӣֿڣܣѻҰɡ
ҹңø˵ϲġʱʵس䵱˺УЦŰѻ˹Ҿ۹ͦã⻨ÿ¡ʶһҶûյ͵Ļء
תֵݵֱߣĵãذҲ
ۿֵɽԼǰֱ֣ҲǣҲǡ
ЦصʽԵܲɣ
죬ܰѻûذ칫ҡ鷳ԵûԺϸҼκνתˡ
õĽܡ쵼ķڸҴˣܣɡ
УҼɵ㱨һֵİŲδᣬ߻Ҽ֪żͷֻ˼ȫڻϡ
Ҽ룬칫ҵš
ǱΪ飬ָҪŪʲôԽԵ۶ˡ
ƽ˾ؿ꣬ĩˣʣǻˣһڼӦöڰɣ
Ȼһ⼸Ҷںԭ飬Ҫᡣ
ǰֹһδܣҿֵֵܵĳޡ
첲գ֤ɽˡ
ôһ˶һҲԼϰӣ򶼿ȥˣΪ˲ƽ
ޣֻԵ
ȣϰƨ
ҼЦǺǵְΧΪϰǽѵĹӦġС飬ǹ˾ʵɣϰʧҲÿͻʧ
ԡ

ϣҼؼҺѽԵ·ϴҹŵ࣬ŸԵϢڼû
ʱԼĴ󣬰Թ˽Եսһ󣬾ȻܽȥʱԵһĴָ
Եûл
ˣԵŻظ˵ڼҡ
ҼľګضֻĻԼһʱѷ벻һ÷ʲôֵĵȷȷԵ
Եٿеһʧ̬Ҳֻ˯׸ƺƸ۱׺󣬽ԵԿϾֵǹˡ
ЩԶ׼ֻϷԵҲܼвУҷԴ˭ȴ˭˵˵ķʽɴˡ
õʽİæ˵ĺĽΧ˵Ǹ˸оõĶһ١
ǰΪ˶ԽԵǲѣǲˡ
ɫһ仰ȥˡ
Եǿ㵽ҪˣҪҪӡ
أ
ԵԼҪΪȥԵ˳ƽ˶ѣ
ҼԵȥǶ𣿡
Ҽ㱧ҡ
ŷƸ޼£Ҳż棬ҼĲԤԤϲ׼꣬˵˵˵ˡ
ڽԵҵһ㰲οŵԵζԵ£ӡ֤Եʵڡġ
Եɡ
ԵԴϴ·
ƮģϽԵĴӵŽԵȡʱִ˸塣
˵ʲô㣿ңǹ֮󣬽ԵЦʣĻˣҾͲΪЩ
ɣҪýԵοԼ
ûá
ҼӣסԵԴ羱ϡ
һ𡣡Ҳ˽㣬źԼڸĲൽжԶ
δһսġ̽͡롱˵á
ЩʵԼҲһһ۹ǻһͷȣҪôԼڽԵĸкͶֿˡ
˵Ա
ԱǶԽԵĲأҲǶݸĲء
Աܡ֪
˾УУݵĿɰǸѧġԵĿһӡ
ҼߺѧëȥԵ㣬ߣҰɡ
ֵ֡úˣϻû
ţ֣ҾͲ䡣

Ҽͣͣˣ̵ϸߣܹˮˣɫǸϻ쵰Ҷûˡ
ԵЦشӣͣ
䣬ĳ˾ôôѽ̲סˡ

Ϳ۵صѡһҽΪ˽ܵӾݡhڹҼϢ˵ӾԼ
ӾݣԵѵϵh죬ȥˮҼͿʱ䡣
鹦ҼһϵġԵ촩Ӿ£Ҽһصĳͳ㡣
㲻Ӿ𣿡ſڣhֿտյĽԵ
ţθеܣͲˮˡڰǡԵѳ岻ʡ
θܻӾݣhĸе⣬ǣСҼҲ̫ϧˣ
·ϲžòëˣϢͺá
ȷû£
ţɨˣȥɣҵ㡣
hӾ£Ե·һСӾԣƹͻȻȫϢ
LEDɿףݶĺõ廨ӾأԼͿ۸ͬӾضϵιȻ˫ʮѸҼһߵλóǱ鵰
ͻľϲȻŮǸжᡣ
h޸Һ𣿡
ţԸ⡣
ͿŽָʱҼסԵβָչȥС죬һ۽øø
ԵҼĻûκλӦҼһΪԼûˡ
ܵ˵ӾPartyܳɹľϲŨ飬ף
ϴȪӾӰҼҲˮˡ
ڱϿӾˮϷҼʱʱǰͿźԵҲá
ûʶԵˡ
Ͼ۲ڼ䣬绰
Եʶ˿ֱڸͿͶɫƴ𾢵Ҽɼ˽
ι裿
߳ɡ
ǹգһ׼ʱ°ࡣһż˵ɣҹȥס졣һڵݺҪϰࡣ
h㣬¡۽ȡ
ҼŽԵô費Ե֪ҼȦӿڡ
Сһ𣿡
ţֹѡѾ۲ͣͦĵġ
绰ͷĬ˼û
ԵҲĵĸ׵ķӦ
ֻҼתͷڴ绰ָָſڣʾȥӵ绰
泳ֵģҪ绰͸ȥĵطӡ
Եס֣衣
Ҽ沿һ
ͬʱ绰ҲǺúþۣҲ̫ˡ
š
Ҽ򱻴Ϳۣʲôأҽܺͫh£˭˺ô
ĳԣhҲ͵ǰԵΣ˵ŰŲ˽ԵǰͲ´СҡҲ£ҡ£ǵ˭á
֪׹ԵŸ߽裬Լһ
Ҽ˻֣Сû£°ɣȾء
ԵӦá
ѣhӮˣԵˡ
hɫʱԵϵı仯ĺȴΡ
hôˣΪʲôûͬأҲҼ˲
ˣŶh⻰ǶҼ˵ġ
ͿҲ߾پƱ˵һɣ֪ȽԵãҲѯ˴ҵͬȾơȾ͵ˡ˭ȡ
ԵԸķ䡣
ۼֿ찴סԵ˾Ʊ֣Ҽźۼɿ
Ѿ֮һͿ˷ϲ¾ˬ顣۽h㣬ҺͽԵٴףǰúϣͬġ
˸壬ͿۺhּɣƾҼҹơ
ҹɢڼǧҼҲס˽Եϣͷ͵رԵӣݿʹҼҡ
Եǵû̾ζţסԼɳϺ
è
㱧ң
׼УУݡ
Եһ˵ı
˫˫ɳãֱԵо첲ľһֱѹԼϵҼЩûϴ˯
Ҽʶ壬ȴԼﱧŵǽԵ
ڽԵڴ˲䣬˵ãǸֳһһ£Ǿȥϴ裬Ҫһϴ
˲´Сhе֮⣬ԵҹĴãҲҼԼҲ䣬˫Դڴӡһǡ
Եǳֹ
Ȼĳװһɫֹܷ
Ҽֻû۵СèһſڽԵǰҲŹţŰš
ǷȻΧĽԵЩΪ飬ΪʶԼĶҼĴԽԽ/ˡ
£һΣǷȹȰɣ


62 
ָһӼ, ̵Ĵվ͹ȥˣҲ仨̿, ƻա
һǰһ칤գҼƬ̲ͣæŹ
ΪԵԼ
ϣԵȹӣҲǧóǱ󣬸æڹ컹û档
˵ⲻ⡣
ͽԵһȹ
쵽°ʱ, 麣ϼѣСսٲʱ°࣬ҪڵĴ󲿶Ӷ·ˡ
һڴʮŷŵĺţܹ졣
ҼԭԵԼ˽ȥԷ, Ҳ°߷ò͸߷, Ͱʱ䶨˰˵㡣ȥӽԵ˷һҡ
ɻûȵ°, ȵ˽ԵϢһķɻ, мҪȥƽ, һؼʰͲǶҹˡ
ҼŶ, ֪ˡ
ԵȥǶ
Ҽš
ҼҪȥ죿
Ե˵, Ҳһܡ
ʲôڲڵģڽԵ, ڼҲû
˿½, ʮӵ, ͸˿棬·ϵĴСƽ˺ࣺܶ߰, õǧִеͬ£ǵ׼ʱڿ
麣ϼ׼Ҽ˼ǼҲûмƻСս㻹йĻǿһֵ
ºΰҲæھҵ̬ȣǰǰСս㣬ҵϾһŵ£ҪԽһˣҲܵԲ캣ϼڸ˵㿴һȦ°ͶˡʵǼʣ´ҶæƫƫһԽæԽ֣˵Ҷ
ߣͷʾ͸ñΪˣ麣ϼ߷ȻǹˣȰ֤ݣ
ܳܺǸ̫˲ŲҴѿ϶ڵáҼЦ
⻰е/ǻˡ
ҲϣԵٳһ⣬ӦûᡭָС
Ҽû˵ʲôҪæ
˵㣬麣ϼͣڵԹػϣСս㣬ǣǶˣ
ţȥɡ
𽥿տİ칫ҼҲٹ㿪ǰղصļƪ˽ְе̡
δȥĹ˾չ⿿ڿյԶԶ
ѧżͿˡ
һֻſЩʳ걾ƾ´ְˡھʵֶſʼҪǮҲܸеԼ
ǸƽӹǼͥÿһԱԼߵѣƶƽеһࡣ
֪һƽӹҲƽˡ
ýԵ£͵ϡ
ŹСʱ½ǵ΢ͼˡ
Եһˡ
ԵǸ
Ե쵼֣Ʋ
ӷϴֵ򣬶ǧüŻܾҲݴǧܸһְ
ǧĿԣǽԵϼ쵼һʱûԭˡ
ԵŽӵ˶ĵ绰ַܾ˹³򣬹˶Ϊؾƽ˵ܾ֪Щ顣
ҼãñǸٺȾơ
Եû뷢һ䡰ȥɡڽԵ罻ȦڰǸ
ſͻȻһҼرնԻ̧ͷȥ
ףտ֣ףտ֡
ȥĺ麣ϼˣ˰칫ҵĵƣյ⣬ո˽
Ҽۿһȡ
Сս㣬տ֣ļ˼ƲΪˣͬף
աҼվжؿǡ
ⲻԲСսյ⣬ֻǰһôҶڵʱˡ麣ϼŵҼǿԸ򡣡
Ҽ˫ֺʮĬĬֻԼйصԸȻۣ27
ӵϳǾͲܲ18𣿷Ҫʮһꡣ
ܺСս㣬ܲܳʵֱˬһ㣿
麣ϼֱ㵹Ѹ
ҼӣҲֱ
ͨͨ27գûҪģûԵ˵
ڰ칫Ҹͬһ˵⣬Ҳֲ˲ܸԵһ͵ź
ĵкܶࡣźҲкܶࡣ
ǰź£һһʵʱĿĵһһź¸ڸǹȥ
ܻÿЩ
ֻԼˣܴ˿ܴ֡Եģֻп

ǳԲˣҼؼʰʰιèҿֱУУһ󣬾ŵ࿪ȥԵҡ
ԵߣԵһҲǽԵˡ
ԭŵȵٸԵϢ˵ҵ
ɵǣ뿪źǵŶƬλ涼û˵ϻ̵һ˿ΧΧȹش
Ҽˡ
̣ǹùû𣿡Ҽʡ
˵޷չҼҼġֻ֧˵ҼҼһʦоСջʤΣҼҼһ
ﰲװͷҼǽԵѣΪһסұķȻӹҵķԸ
ûģ˵ʡ
㣬ȥɡߵɳߣҼһ࣬ùûû̵ġ
Ҳ֪ûиԵ˵ǹˣŮļңĸ׹ס޿ɺǡ
ķûô࣬æ˼񣬾ҪرסٹߵС˻ر
ĶԻҼѾԾ˳˷š
ɻſڣڼ֮Ҽ㶡
Ҽܵѹ˼̣ôˣҾͲȥˡ
˵תߣסȵȡ
ۻű߷ŵ֣ԽҼҼҼڼҿӣ¥һ
šƬݵʴҼ᲻Ų۾
˻ҼҼǸ
ĲܻӭĶ
ıԵӵ㡣
Ҽ緹ʳġԵ˵ɲܶ磬ҼԸΪ緹
ƻϲϱ仯緹ˡ
ֻǶˣҼһ¥Ҳ˳¥㡣
ڽԵǴΣǵһμɣڵҲϳΣǵĵһ棬ⲿ
ǡûϴҼϵҲͬڳͽԵͨĺ顣
򵱳ҲرܿˣǸһͬ29¥ȥݷýԵˡ
ֻһζԻ
ֱһ¥ͣʱİɡ
Ҽ߳˵ݡ
С¥ûҼС̻࣬ռ䲻ҼС١
ôΣûúÿ߹ҲûԵ¥ɢĸˣͽԵĽ·ֻڹ˾
˳ǡһһŮˡ
˵˵ЦЦ˱ŸкŮǣһ
ǰһЩǸһǣɢޡŹȣŮһǣһֻֻֻźеĸ
˵ҼҲߡ
Ϸ޲ûӾ䵽󣬱ͲҲСˡ
ǰӤ߽һԡĸŮϱڼʱҹսһ¥
εӰֻûɢģֻҹܵġ
תһխСʯ岽·ƵͰֻ·ղ˵ݡ
ڸҼҼ׶԰Ի᳣ߡŲδͣ߱˵ҼҼĸ£㽲ɣ
ӽԵڱҼ˵һȥٵǰմ绰ҼҼһ۲֪ͣԵǸˡ
ҼǱѰĸǣҲάҼ
ģǳ黹û񵽷˭ʱ׳н˵ƢáҲҼ˳
ţֻ˵ʣû˵Ե˵ĹҼ᲻Թ
һоһͬ飬һΪȷȷʵʵûС֡/
ǷǺϸĸףʸеģֻŮ
ͽʣӡ֤Ǿϡһ˲ҼҲ뿪
Щ㲻ƴǰлȻαһĳʹĥȥǣֶʧ˰
׺˴ĺ֮䣬ٶ׷󣬶ġ
綨ݹֻأĲκν֡
ȻԹ˲ȡ
øл˽ԵŻͽԵ֪ϧ⡣
ڹʱһʿʯзɽ⼮ʮȫѣһ⡣쳣ƽ
Լһӵͣٺƽǡȥµģҡ
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ǽ衰ӡɵģһضޱʹ޲Լȥ
Ե׹ˡ
ɽԵֻй֮ʵԡ
Ҽ⣬ҲҼҼȡ֣ǽΨһĺӡҵأһֱûڳʱȥУ˵ҼҼһ̫µˣ״̬пɣܰٶһӣǷ࣬ȥ¶ˡ
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ɡ
һ䣬ֹǰƣʡ
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ͨ͸ƽ⣬ѲµΪʲôҪ߿׶԰ɣ
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ǱʶҼ˶֪࣬ҼĸҲ࣬Ƕ׶԰˶ӣΪ˽ҼĽһطõġ
׶԰кܶգǷԵùܳʱȥҼμӻȥѧУͽҼƽҳȺл
ԵǽҼĽɳҪһˡҪҼĲǡùáİСĸİ
ҼɬҲٶȳȥ
Ϊҵ˽̰ģҼҼʧȥ˫ףΪ˲Сְ裬Ϊ˲ģҲΪ˲ȱʧĸİұݸҼҼνԵԵҲеΡСļҪһԵҪһΪһƬˣҼҲҪһļҡ
Ҽ۰ҼҼûСʱΪûаְĳԼͬСͶ۹⣬ĳɳжѣ
Сǲ˶£δأΪǵ˽̰ģ˵ѵ뿴ΪԱ֢ͯ𣿡
ӵһҸļңǧ谮ǻ³ȴЩ˵˽СҪȳܾ޴ʹࡣ˵ʲôأͶ̥ǼңǴ̫̫ɣ޶ǿְĶʡ
ҼҼôСÿ춼ҪųȥҼҼʱڼңҲšôԣֻҪ棬ٲ˱ἰĸ˵ùʱǻĵȸ˴к˵ҼҼĸȥܾûˣ˻˺ӵġ
ÿȥһ׶԰ҲҪȸ԰ʦ˵ƭ˵ҼҼĸĸڹ⣬ǸҼҼûаְ˵ʵ飬ʦ˵©죬ҼҼܵСǵĳЦ
ǰ̧Ĩ
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ֻŮŮ֮䣬ÿǷŮֲ࣬Ůࡣ
ԵСǿ㣬ڸĸֳߣ˵ʲôȱҼҼʣʲôȱ
ҵҲû㿴ôҲ֪ԼжܻҾ֮꣬ҼҼһļͥ¡
ġߡҼ֪ΪԵеɱǸΪҼеϲ
ΪĸףŮ֪֮٣ΪԵʲôȱӲѽԵĴ͸ܷλǣΪýԵѾӵСùˡ
Ϊ̣ɶŮĳ谮ǿüŵģ֮Խ򸾵ھΣѶ౶İ˽ҼͼԴ
ҼûдҲ޹
ǽԵأ
ûбĸĽԵд͸ԼĸҸȫĸ׶ԡҡ
ҼϥϵֽճȭᰴСϣǸĺúӣ㰢㣬·ùֱ鲼ŽԵˡȥֻ˼˵ͥ˵׵ˡʱľˡ𣿡

ĵҹȵģҼ塣
ʧǵػСı˼ơƣںͽԵ͹µ̨Ϻȡ
Ȱ˵Щ־䶼ΪҼ룬⣬⡣
ϧԵҲ۰Ҽžûȫ֮
ԵͽԵҪ˺ҼĹ֣Ǻʱ˺ҼˣЩǶýҼİ迴
ʹʹҲΪǺá
⼸ܵί͵ѣֻ΢һС֡
̵ģ񶾵ģģһճýԵȥһ
ĻҼ߻صͷһơƣ㿪Ի
ҼҲҪȥӪĶţͲȥǱˣ㵽ҸҷϢҶһֱȡ
ơƹ޵һء
ŮҼͷɥƾƣǰѣС㣬Ѿˣؼȥɡ
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ϸܾӣ˼ƣҲ˵/Ļ
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˭ô
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ֻ¹ش󣬾ƽǱߵľвʣ»ŵĺá
δֱּҼΪ
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Ϊ˽Ķ磬صشϵģͷҲö⣬ͷڵҼһСϲ
ȻûһԳɣһ˯
Ϣ˵ҼȥңҼΪβԸ⣿ΪͼƻҸ
Եڻȥ·ˡ
Ե粻ȥô𣿡
ϢڶҼŽԵȴԴı飬һᡣ
ǰͽԵȥġ
ôԵԵҲڽİӦİӦİ
᲻صֻĻϡظԵ˵ɣҵҵģҸ׼ȥȥ㡣
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ԵΪʲôȥңҲ绰ʽԵΪʲôûлؼҡ
ͽⳡ棬ֻᱻԵ֪ˡ
ͣûװǵĸŮϵ
ָԵ֤֮֮鲻ѹҲõܽԵŮ
ԼǸʱĸذ˺Ҫ游ĸеӵΣнԵβģθĸױǰӣʵȥҼ


63 
ʻ;, Ե˴ҹ罫ڷմȾζߡ
ڵҼĻ, Ҽ˵㵽Ҿܿˡ˾СոΪЧ͡õĻ
֪УҼѾİ/
УУҼèҼèԸЧɢеĵǡ
Ҽ˭ĳϣ
Ϊ飬ҲԵ޷϶Ҽʻһ״̬
βһʡѽҲ˼롣
ûյԤеĻظ, ԵЩƣ֣⳵
ʹ㹻죬Ҳʱ̽ŲҪںġ˵, ʲ, ײᡣ
Ҽл˵ͺá
ӹȥ, ԵŶԻôʲôĻϵҼͨʾ
, ֻŵߡ
ûг
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ػϵͬҲС
Ⱦڼ䣬Ҽ˹ڽԵҼػʣԵǵһλ
۰ҼҼкַܶʽעҼҼҲкܶ;ζԵҸΪۡ
ڽҼǵһλ
Եܸо
ҪýԵ֪ҲֵǱĵһλᶨƵѡ
ãˡԵ˾䣬Ҷͨ
Ҽ˦˦Դֻѵϵơƹװϴ
վԱߵһôͷĿѣĲ֢״Ȼ̨ףϴӽͰ
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һֱϴ趼ûԵظתȥ졣
ԵĻƱȷģǷû˵ͷ˺ϢҼ
ʣҼ֪֪Ϊʲôؾƽѽǹ˶ѽܵܲɣܽӵ绰˹˶
ҼܲؾƽǧøصҪ̸ɡ
죺ŶŶеϧܲңһͦȥǧܲ¥ء
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Ҽܳͽʱú͵ݼٰɣȪȼĵȯ˷ˡҪ
죺ţҽԼѣһһȥϣ˲½ࡣ
Ի족ûȥſڴ
ɳŵУ𣬵ɴ۾䶯˶ſڲ˯Уµأƨ˸֡ءⲽȥ
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ϾԵֲûԭƽӽС£ԵԲġ
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ȷҼ˽£ܶĸ˵ݵĻ
Ҽҵľǰĸ׵ĵ绰ȴ˽
ڿĻϵġŮʿʱȥҼҵͷսʤǣ賤̦һصĴɫǷȣѪҺ/豻ѹ
ĸжû˵ҼҼһֱڵؼң˺óԵֿζʿ͡
˵仰һǡллһǡһҼҳԡ
ţҼŶȥ
ûԳʲôźأǻͣ
ȻҼģǷԡ䱻ҧһЩǺ
ҿǶ˵áȤҲкöأ´Ρ
졣
ǰԼԹ
ۣҴˣҲûûУ֪ǲµģ
Ҫ֪ʱǺԺֺ壬ýԵϲôųİ˽Ʒ

һڵĵһ죬ΪĹǵҼӪæתҲû򹫷˽
յԵƽصϢ͸ںӽ˵绰ʲôʱ򵽾ƽǱߴ졣
ûӽ˵ԵҲȥ˾ƽ
ԵδһֻͻǾͲӽæȥ·ʲôˡ
ԵѾӦÿ϶ҪƵͨ
Ե˷ڣôӽࡰ¡
ʱٻؾƽԵ̬Ȼࡣ
Ϊںԭջ˰顣
ģǰܲ١ȺʱЦӭԵܣӭ
Եͷ¶΢ЦϲؾԼŮѾˡ
׹Եףְǫѷǰܵ㣬Լܵľټٸġ
ؾǫٸԵʱõö࣬ϵ
ĴΪ˴ֽ࣬
أԲмɣõúұۣòþΪ
ενٱ˵Ե޷ȫ϶޹ء·ںԭ͸ҿ϶޹ء
һ·࣬ȥƵ꣬Ȼȥ˶棬ϰ˽ӷ磬˶͹˷˽춼ڡˣԭҲμӽķ֡
Եһٵָߣ˹˶֪ʲô𣿡
Ҳ˴ƽйء
Եڳһ·«ʲôҩָ飬ǧãǱǧ㣿
ǹ׶㣬ѷС˸ѷ
ͷʻģٰ䡣ϤľƵ꣬ϤĲľȴвͬ
Ļƿɫ۹ǽԵеĴ
ΪҸǧкϵǼƵ߹֮һƷɣǽԵھƽ꣬ΨһġѡûҲûǣ֡
ڼż˶Ե֪ƽĿģղǧá
³칫ң˶˽ԵĿǰղǧֻǸ¶ҷġ
Ϊ湫˾һơǧز˶ҲҵչһҵǰڵĹ湫˾ΪǧãպƷ档һȷľߣҶֻչȡϣ෽Ե˵Լļ⡣
ǰȻǣߣ¼Щâ̫ʢĿ̫ǿԽԵݲ룬˽ʲôõĽ飬㻹ǿֱұ档
õĹ˶˼ԼеҪɣԵֱ⣬νһǲǱ֤ݣ
˶̧̧֣ӳóһϣģϣҿ϶ġֻǰЩ˰еΪ˷ڲŽ̡ȥxx˻ϵ쳣ϸǩһЩ쳣ĿѾڲˣǱҲкͷʣҷϸģϹ˾ĺȺ֮дˣϢ
Եϣлл³Ρ
ԼƵ̫ˣ͵ؾƽԼżϢ졣֤֮£

ϵĽӷʮˣֻһ̬ģ˶͹˷˴ͷ˹֭
ڼ䣬ٵҲǰŵ̬޾ϸΪԵ񣬲ûΪְϾ
ֽ˶³ͷˣµһ߹ܲɢɢתת
Եܾת룬ٰг
·ߣ򳡡ĸƷɿ׼ʱ˽Եǰ³ѣܣþò
ôУй䣿ڷ俴ʱԵ֪Լһ²ʲôܡƷǳģûϵƷɻôֱӸ
ܣΪʱƷ֪ˣ͸˼䡣Լӵ͵
ԵȴƷζԸƷɵĳƺؾҲƷˡ
ҪԵͬؾƵʣؾλǣ
һ£λƷ齾Ƶĸ߹ܣҲǧõĳں顣˽£ܺǺѡؽ˵ʶسƷһС
ѹһ˲ţȷǷΪһһᡣƷ֣ȻǧкǸҵýˣ˵ǰɣܡ
ܸܳμؾǻطСȼˣҲЩͷۣȻؾƵϢˡؾϣλǧõĹͣúýӴвɵ
鹷ƤҩԵûɫܶ÷ˡ
̫ûԵƷ鼱֮סĸ첲ԵרؾƵġ
͸ܴݡԵõѺ󣬿˿޳ʻ·ڣƳһĻ̥תһ룬βƾͼת͸Ʒɵעأ
˭Ǿһ𴦣ȻҶǻؾƵ꣬ܺܲĻҺܾ˳·ܵĳΣ
˳ŽԵĻ½ӣʸ˵ⲻ⣬ʸܣɷҲһ̣
ǲ⡣ƷεЦŻظϳ
ۿŽԵݣ˺ٲſƷɣ¶˳Թı顣
ͬ·ؾƵ꣬أ
ƷҲٵԹδκλӦֱӽ˳ӡ
ԶȲϽԵǰЩӵĽ飬ͨԼýԵûг뿪ˡ
Եҡ³ؾеĳӦÿ쵽ˣͲͷؾȥƵһˡ
ܡܡܣټ
ԽԽԶĳƣٵﻹӿˮƷɣԵȣҾôֵ࿴һ
һ·ϣڵ˶ܰԵĿһܾĵӣƷˣӺӾ˺üۡ
İڳֲ֪ԷϸǶؼࡣ
Ƶʱ̽ʸƷɣҹ˵ľ飬ܶԽܵĹĳ̶ƺͨѵĹϵǰţ˵ǧõıɽھƽһ׷ѣ֪ܿǺηʥ
⻰ְԣ߷ϷʡƷɵǶͿƷϲˡ
⡭Ʒϵ֮ɫһܿڹȥתԵȤԶ߲ʶ꣬һδܽѡ
ѣ޻̸֮
ܡܣģһطˡԵǰ˼ֻͷԸƷ˵Ҳϲܲٷˡ
ǿ䣬˵͸Ʒġ
ãǱ׼ˡƷһ仰ͻڵͷûյľƵԱϣסڼʲôҪңƵ꣬˵˻ġ
Ӻ󣬽ԵɳϣҼϢˡ
Ҽô磿۲۰
Եá
˵͵˷䣬зֵҹȷʵˡ
ҼǧߵֶݳոսĿϵڣԤݳ˻ࡣ
йزűϵݳߵ˵룬ȱϯġ
Ȼ̨ִжԽҪɻڸ𣬵Ŀͳÿڶɵġ
Եú𣿡
Ҽ¼һΣ
30ƵԵ㿪ˡһ׺ܴΧĸ裬ƹȼˣǺܺ
ҼģǺġ
Եˣһ㣬ûܳú
Ҽѽܿ䣬ֲ˼ġϲԺ϶೪
Եá
ҼҪ𣿡
Ե
ǰΪԵ죬ڿԵһһֵرģȶˡ
û׼ܸ
ҼƵҸ㳪裬ܸһ𣿡


64 
СǶôߵġԵл, Լļʱ䣬Ҽ, ŷȳ
ҼܿרʲôҾͳʲô
Ⱥ˳Ҽһ¼硣
ͷһ
ϲⲻ⣿񻶴óһõ壬տְҵգ
˻ס, Ҽжлл˵æȥϳооް
ŮҪŮҲҪ񻶾Ц
Ҽˣ߰, ȥԷ
峿͸Ҽף, ҼҲ˵칤æȥ
ں񻶵׷, Ҽ˲ٹšЩǹնڱ˴, Ҳꡣ
ǵ񻶻ڲ, ҲԾû˵ȥŵʳ
Ҽ룬˴ȥϴκhһԹǼ˽, ý·̲ʱ, Ҳͺ񻶻ؼҡ
ݵнʮӣ, ﻹпλ
һ, ҼͰѲ˵Ƹ㡣˵ͷֻϢ
Ե㳪
Եȥϴ, 㵽ϵ
ؼҵʱҪˡ
м⣬ҼȲҪʣȥ𣿹òôҪѽ
汻, ְѲ˵˹ҹˣ˰ɣ
Ҽֻ˵ӲˣţˡټӸ
񻶰֣Ҫˡ
УȲˮ
Ȳ˵Ŀյ㵸ظҼŮĳɳ仯Ҽ棬ҲЦӻÿӾҪһֻ
񻶷˲Ծ˿ˮֻֽ˹
ʲôĲɵġڵ˭Ϣأ˵ǹϢ˵ŰĻʳָӶֵҲûʾӴþģʽˣȻϢǸﾲ
ɲɣ񻶸հѾģʽرգһ֪ͨ1ϵ˷1Ϣ
ʾҼýֻ컹ҡ
Ųº񻶷ϲˣǽϢݡ
ڵ˭ϢҾͻ㡣񻶰ֻӵ£װǲ⼸㣬ңбŮˣ
ŮѷŮѽ
ҼǱߣҡĸ첲壬㲻Ҫ룬õѣ˺ҲǣԺ̥̥Ҳǡ
ô
Ҽûӣ⾭ˮƽһǿ
ֳ̧ۣҼ㿴飬ѾҪƵģҪ𣿡
ֻҼȥȥգҿɲר۸ġҲûôຢ㵱Ůооһ
ֻصҼȴû鿴Ϣ롰Ů¡
ԵҪȥҼͽԵͬΣǽҼͬŮ
ֻǼ棬ΪҼɶµĳ̶ȸеۣպҼ׶԰ڳɳֽ˵ЩɱҳģƽϢ¼ָΰοŮ˵飿
ιɵˣ
Ҽ첲Ϣˣ㲻żôˣ
Ҽһץס񻶵СۣɫؿҿҪˡ
һооһҼ
ӵʺţʧɫ̽̽ҼĶͷҲûհɣʲôӣ㣬㣬㲻Ҫȥ˵ɣ
ҼҡͷֻᷭһڡƬ񻶿
ˣָƬϵĽԵ
ȥļٵģ񻶾һֻŴƬκϦµıӰգ
һСһһڡܰ棬ֱǵӰеʸС
ҿʲôľܰҼĸҽˡ
㷭ɣ⼸Ŷǡ԰ӽ෢ġ
·˼ţǱӰǲ
ÿһŶˡ
⣬⺢ӣŮ񻶲ŵضҼհۣ۲ظ֮ˣԣûģǧǧҪȥְ
ӣҲǡҼ̾ҲҪ̫Ѫľ飬˵
ж೤񻶵֪ȫдϣСʱ˵ڿʼʮ룬ٻȥ

˵˺ӵͷ׻ϲ֢ǰЩӹǺ񻶵壬ľҼûͬ˵Ե
Ե⼸ߵò˳Լôȵһˣĵʱ˵ֻúҲǣʱ˭˭أ
ӽż̽Եĸչȥˡ
ãûûΣʵҲѹһ¡˽Է˴ѧأзҲûһʱͬһֱǸԷϲǣȥԺԽⷳǡ
ֻͽԵ˵£ľܷڹ͸ϡڲǸˣͽԵδ̫Ҫ⣬ò⡣
ͬںԭҪܽԵͺʶ
Ҳǵˣںӷ棬ܽıģṩһЩ벻Ľ˼·
㿪ֻȻظϢ
Ե֮ڿ϶ǻزȥˣһҰɡ
ԵϲľС
ҼæڳԷϵ㡣
Ҽϲ
ûõһСʱҼͽԼԵθȥ˵ˡ
ȻʡȥǽԵɩⲿ֡
ҲãҲգǶֻ֪һĶȴԵ޷ֵŮס˺ܳһʱ䡣
ǲ֪ǸŮ˽ʲô֣Ҳ֪ǸŮ˳ʲôӡ
⣬Ⱳܡ
֮԰ָӽ࣬ΪžסڲͬеӽԶܺ
ʱ顢飬ҲҪг֮һ˰֤·
ʲô㶼û㶨񣿣㲻Ҫˣ˵ѹһϣ㿸סҿԼͷöǰɣ
Ҽ˽ԡĽߣԽԵȻҼŮкøУҲͬԵеľҼѡʱ̹Լȡ
Ҽƻ֮Уǰ˺ܰܰˡ
ˡңһӡ
ΪûиܹͥůҲûлù˵İҲҪȹ˸ĸͽһأڳΪǼͥԱʱֻܹҸûĥѣҲð̿ҵĺͳ⡣
һǹҲǹܷһкβɣ
ΪպµĴ㣬ѧҵҪҵҲҪʵǣǽ߻ʱ
ǳɹˣû˺֮ǣͥһãͺ/ģͽԵҲŸߵĿꡢõǰ
ˮǿĺͳˣİͽ尢̺ôûԹʲô࣬ŮǵΪݵ·Ҫǳɾĺͳ⡣
ҵ˼ǣ˵ǽϲŮ˵ͬʱҲȨǸҪŮһ˵ĺͳ⡣գΪŮΪ㰮ˣͬΪŮøĸء
ǹˣĸ۰Ŀ࣬Ҳĸֵ֧ĻϵĿࡣ
ֻϣҼĳܸ˳ЩٳԵࡣ
ҼֺγĵҼܰίЩ࣬һܾ͹ˡ֮£пֵ֮ͯ꣬ҲпֵĳꡣЩ֣㹻ųѵ
֪𣿡
ǱҵǰҵӽֱԭˣҼǼ棬ӽ໹΢ţֻȦޣû˽ѡ
֪ӽ³·ǻȥڻ˽ԵͽҼҲϲǣҳҵġ
ţǾͺá񻶸Ҽ˵ĽҲֻڴѧʱǴƵʱ¶֪ŮںԭһѣҲ֪Ҽ˵֡
Ҽؼҳﲻæӽֲ֧æ˵ܹܸҼһЩ
գǰҼ𣿡
ǵҼͷʩֻԼ뿴ģ˶ԷһЩʵ̬Ȼͼ
밮Ůˣױɱ˫ۣðѰѹء
ܰҼӦˬ죬϶Ǽֻȥ˾ƽ֪ңһؼҾ롭
žһ񻶼𣺡ôҪ£ҪնҲǣһ˻˺ӵĻţ䵱ۣ֪ĸ鶯ҲʶĶˣ㰮ɣһˣûʸܡ
һ£޻̸ĹۣȻϲ˵̸˵ٵҪˣؿƿûһһ䣬Ĺϵʲôۣ
Ҽһȥס񻶵ĽŲסǸԲԲҴˣʱķٸ˵Щ㷳ϼӷ̸ҪҲҪҪǱҺòҿѴˣ
ޣ˭Ҫˣ
û̸ô˵£ֻ֡ķ㣬ķƨ
ǣķǸƨ۷˷ˣ

ٻؼңҼ³ʱʱ䣬ʮһˡ
ϰͽ͸տ֣ÿָ˺磬㻹ͨƵɽ羰
һڸһĿԼΣء
Ҽ㣬ǺǿʼߣܵҰ
һ٣ǿԲȥӪĵģԼգȥ̽̽ڷ硣
ϵҡ
ҼҴؼҡǸҷôǳմѽ
а
ĸҪ׶˵ǸлʿûУҰˡ
ǰ˵ҪȥȻֵˡ
Ҽлл㣡 [ɰ] 
ںԭ˷ߵýݶ֪ôϼҵ׶󣿺ʱǸͷ
̫Ӱ쵽ԵϢҼһݾ͸Ƶȥ
Ƶ˻Žͨеƹ΢Եţ۾㵽ˣ
ţǲǳˣҼᡣ
û˯š
Һ˯
á
ûԵҹһɳ;ôͷŶۡϴڴͷҼϢŵžԺˡ
ҼĻͲֹԺһǰȵ˯ˡ
һ׸質꣬žͷԵ񾲵˯գҼսһ£ˡҶϡ
ڶϣԵûһյһ롪Ե㣬ӽࡣ
ɻӽͻȻԼʲô£
ܸӽԼϵʽģҼ죬ҼĿԸ
ΪʲôҼûǰ֪һأ
ͨӽ൱ϢԵ㣬ѽҴ㣬ںξƵļ䷿
Եھƽ
Ҽ˵ھƽ齾Ƶ꣬û˵巿š
ӽࣺǰԭбģæҾ͸ˡ
ӽࣺİɽԵ㣬ˣæҲҳԷҾǵȰ㣬һߡ
Ҽһ׽ãһ㺰Ϊ㣬ҼǱ㡣
Ϊ⣬ûǴȤҸĸ˵ôûһﵱ˫̥
Եѷŷӽֲ࣬˾䣺ѳԷ
ӽࣺллԵ㡣ҸѽбİˣͲռıʱ
ԵھƵ꣬¡
ӽࣺǰȥ㡣
Եá
ӽࣺĻԵһٷ
Ե
Լʱ䣬ԵȥҼĶԻ¼ͣ˯źյġ
Ҽʲô
ڴڴյҼΪ׼һδ֪
ģҲڴ
Ҽ˵Ҳʣӽ𰸡
ȵʮһ룬˰塣ɳϿĽԵһװš
۹סʱ˵ģҲ֪ǸƷɷŵġ
ӽһ㣬ԵͰѻԵ㣬ĳҴĻԱ˼Ͱ⣡
ллԵ治ɫرŻС¹ײӽţʲô
˵߰ѻŵϡ
ӽ࿴ϰڷŵĻƿߵǰʢɫұ𣿽Ե㣬ϲĵǽ۹㣿
ǾƵ׼ĻԵ۹ӻƿгͰ֮ǰܶ궼ھƽڵĹ˾ҾƵҵƵĹϵҡ
ԭˣҾƵ껹ͦζӽҲС顱Ųͻͻˡ
ۼ俴ԵŵĶеҼǶԣ߽һȷϺһЦشŽԵԵ㣬ǲǿԺɩˣ
ԵһܶŻƿϴ䡣
ٱôӽජȥұ֤졣
ûҼġѹơӽ󵨣ƫƫ˵ĺҲûʲô
ӽϲ
ʮˣҼ˯гѣǺģæ
ͷһ֪Ե˯ûˡܼŮߣ˱ɩǲС
׷ҷɳ輸ȣǽңûⰲװš
ӽѹŵϣߵſڴûˡ
Ŀ֮ǿǽ䡣
Ǹ20ɫ䣬̫ˣҼ24͵ģڲһš󼪴pvcԲֽ
ҼԶⰮϧͷˣӿŻ߰˳¡
ؾ͸ɽһȦƵģֲǵǻ
Ҽ䱻Եˣסһˣ
Ե/ƿʱϰŻױƷ
ӽЦӯӯؿҲǱҵ嵥ġ㿴ǲ㳣õЩõģҵȻߡ
ȻְȥɳЩ·ҸݱƾԼǿ͸ƷλΪɩѡģ㿴ܴ𣿡
ԭӽĹװҲȫǸҼ˵ģҪΪ׼ġ
̳ʮſţӽȥЩˣҼ嵥
ӽĶƫʱеĳºͿװһȹҲûСûȹҲãλϲ·ӣܴĿҲ
ллԵڶζӽ˵ллࡣ
Ե㲻øҿԺһˡ
ҼԵֳ֤˶ͬסһˣ̶ܳȿɼһߣȻһˡ
ˡ
ʱű졣
Եȥţ
ӽͷ·һɳϸҼ㱨ʹѼҲȫʹ
Ҽлҵʹãæ͵ҵˣ
ҼƽǱкܶʶˣעԴǣң͵ȥ
ӽࣺ֪֪ˣ㶼ظٱˣ
ӽࣺݰݣ˵ˣ
ſڣǸƷɡ
Եֻ˴ţĸƷȴպܿ»㣬ԼͰɫ۹
кιɣԵ䵭롣
֪ææԼԸ㷹ƷûԵ䵭ˣԴЦҲаûؾƽˣɡ
Լˡ
æпˣʱϵҡ
˸ƷɣԵӽࣺȥĶþƵг
ӽƣĶʲôͽԵûҲ㣬ѿڵھƵ԰ɣڡǼƵĲζɣ

ӽһ߿϶ԾƵƷۣһ߿˵
ҲǲԵƼǸܿףõԼȴԲߣ˷ѡ
μϴμģϴμԵֻǱſŮ̬ŵϹϡμǱźδɩ̬ҪˢøС
òʱӽԵЩҼѧǰȤ¡
Եܴ࣬ӽԵ沿΢鿴Ҽ⡣
ϴľ죬ӽֳĶ滯ýԵЩ졣
Աˡ
Եˣȴ˵С㣬ˣ򵥡


65 
δʮ, ˲࣬ҰѵĿλ, ױ֡
ԵŷԱĿ¶⣺˵ҡ
Ա⡭
ܣƷɲ֪Ķ˹º͵ЦͲܸҸᣬ֮ꣿ
ƷɿԵ۹̫/İĽ, ӽٴУʱ̣˼λٷұɩҳԵ, Ҳһİ򵥡ⲻǺ, ð񡣡
ɩ
Ȼ, ԼѾûκλ
ƷӽԵҵӦ, , ɽԵĵһĿⶼûͶ
ԷԱ˵˵ң˵Ρ
зԱΪѵȥƷ, ͷȥ̨˵
Եɨ֧
Ƶſ, ӽӷһӣԵ㣬ͷغԭʱתһˡ
ûҼ׼, Ҳ̳ʱ, , ġ
ԭݼĸҼǸһ̼, бҪٰҼѴڸˢһˢñĳЩ˿ӡ

԰գԵ㲻֪𣿡ӽԾ
Եˣܺɩˣ˾ȻԱ˴ôҪӶûͨ
ţ֪ˡֽ˺ӡ
ӽֻˣۣԵ𣺡Ե㣬ѵˣˣ´μ
´μԵĿӽϳֱӻ·תݡ
ִ﷿¥㣬ԵһݾͼƷɱǽվڴߡ
Եûֱ¥ߡ
ղڲӽ൱ŸƷɳΪɩûò෴ӽܾƷɵľٶãĳǣĹϵ
Ϊӽıɩӽľܾ֮ӽľܾȽԵԼľܾзЩ׷ˣϢġ
Ʒɿ첽ϣԵѿҲ㲻ţ˻صѵλã𣿡
Եͣ½Ųͷܣаˡ
ƷȻһЦ֮ǰΪһŬȡ׷ȥԭ֮ҲˡҾʣһҸ𣿡
ƽôྺ֣ǮȨ߱ȱȽǣǰ̵ûһܵýԵ
ʹ˻Ҳû׷ֵŮˣȥ˺ԭͱ׷ˣĻô죿
ܺãҲ㣬ֻҿġⲻҸʲô
ñ˶ҸĶʲôҸĶ壬ҼĿǰҼ
ľͺãľͺáƷ˵飬ԵףҸ
ԭߣ緹è͵еҼյӽ෢΢ţ񳬶ɣ͵ɰɣ
Ҽô
ӽæѾˡ
ƣ˵¡񲡱ýԵмܲˣĻָɰ
ӽࣺߣҿǰһʵʵڵӲ̣ǣŵľϲɣ
˵ġϲָĻԵҼһ
ڲƷ򵥵£ӽûᣬҲҼԼûǷ
Ҽţϲ
Ҽӽʲôң
ӽ෢˸[]ûٻظ
ҼŵһϽԵͨȥ
ûĽԵӵʱı飬ƷɿˡƷɻԵһֻŵĶһ̨Ϸ
ǲԾع𣬽Ե帶Ʒɵͷ߽ӵ绰߻˷䡣
Եӽû˵ʲô㲻Ļɣ˵ֱûûСǺܺõġһĲ죬ͲӲ㿪Цˡ
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ϷϷһϲͨҼйصģʶԸȥ˽⡣
ҲǣˣϢ졣㶨˷̣һңȥ㡣ϰʱҲûϵҺôǸС쵼ɼСʱû˻ܡ
ȷɣ
ѽԹı˽˰ɣҼؿӣ̸ʱܱܲôҵСӣ
ãŹ㡣

磬Ҽʵز쿴еĻλĳЧ
ĵͻ⣺ǧÿôͬ¼ûʲôԹ԰ɣ
˵ЦˣǵĹҼֲ̧¶ͷк飬̫࣬ȥǱ͸͸
˵ھƽͦ󣬲ͬ¶ϸԼɡ˰ƯǲһĶŮٵǡķˡ
ʲôС˵
ôָԵϹϵˣȥǧܲˣ
Ҽɻ󣬵ô䲻
ܲҲкܶѣںԭһӣȻ˾ƽԼķֶһ¡
ؾƽɣ
ˡ
û࣬һߣλɽ
ʲô˼Ҽһ±ýš
Ȥζؿûʲô˼ǧڲ£ôŸ
ҼˡܶǧĿҪˣΪĿҷ֮һ¹ĿһУҶбҪ̽ӶȫķռأҲҵְ𡣡
˾ҵҾͷˡԽԽˣ˵ҿڸģҲҪȥæˣԱ㡣Ц߿
ֻӣҼһ񺮡
һˮԵϢ£ĻĦĻл
Եضʲôֹ۵鷳ˡ
ǧüŵ£岻ϻ岻ֻ֣ܹԹԵĵȡ
һǹϢںһĿҪǩԼȫʺ⣬˽ǹ˾ҵ񷶳룬ҰȫʵĶԽƸ㣬һ¡
ͰƬƹˣҲû˵ôƺ˼ҡ
Joyce.Lin
ǳƺͷӦǸŮˡ
ҼõܡҪӵ˼
ҼҪ᰸𣿡
᰸ƻİɡ귢ҹĿܰ
ʱˣҼû
ע˸Ϣͺ룬ܿͨ༭кûȥĻϾ͵˶ԷϢСпǼģ
ô
׷Ǵү
Ҳڷ׳ɣ
аˡ
Ҽͽ죿С߻ֶݳСȤ˳һֳ
LináС㶨ҵַ

ھƽ˼Ҳûõǧõȷ𸴣ĻƱ˶ýԵ棬ΪС
Եܷ˹˶⣬˷ְš
ļλǧø߲ھУƷҲˡ
һӻûôͷй˶Ӻӡ²˵ܲܳɣδ֪ûǰ·ˡ
о֣ȾǱز١
ֻнԵŮԣûж³Ͷ³ڳǺȵöˣĻҲһһۻྡྷ
Ʒɲ̽ԵԵܣҪȥ׷񣬵ЩٻȥʵڲУסһ㿪һ䷿
Եûȶ٣ǱȺ˳Ѭͷǣ˿ŵңҲҡˡ
Ҫϵġ֡ߣгϯڹ˶档
ʾ£Ե/Ϣ
Ʒ۹۰˷ǧ˵עǱߣǽ߹һûˮҲҡ
٣ĳɷ֡
Լϲ˼ֱ׹ȻֻнԵ¶뵽Եܲܣ
ҡҡλεظ˹ȥźᵹڸƷɵıϣƷɣͲһҲĹһҲǸŮˣҪػŮ˰ʯĳ𣿶Ҿôмһˣ
ƷɶŵˮڵأҪȿ˦ˡ
һͣԵ־ָɳվ𣬿򷿼Ĵ齣ԸƷɵؾܷЪŰɡ
һһĴŵΣһλɳ
ƷΣת٣˰ڴϡ
ڷԵ͹עٵĿԼ͸ƷɨƣǼ˺ȵࡣ
֪һֱԸƷĽ֮ĵģٶ꣬㡭
ԹƷɴϽԵȰ˵ϲǲϲû취ǿԼܣҲ޷ǿԼһԵԲϲҲң벻ҪǿƸҡ
Ǹûǵ£ֻһ˵
ϴ󣬻סƷɵ٣Ϊеֵ
Լѡ֪ƷûҪأƷĮԴҲԹκˡ
ǴȥˣԵ뿴ǾҲٸ˷곡ϷչɣȥǴкȻˡ
Եϣˣûһ
һЩ˶֪飬ĲҲ졣ЩҲԸ⡣
Եһ뿪Щ˾ͰͲסĩǽĺ볡˵ˣѳߵŮãҰõ廹ǿԳһģ̼ܣϲʲôģ崿ԸУģӦоУˣ֤źֲ˼񣬹
ģԲģڷ˼˵Ҫȥܵлš
Ʒڵ󣬰ǿٵ֣æȥ׷Ե
ȸƷһţûӰ˸ŵţڵĴ
еǣԵܾ˸ƷɵͬвԵܾôؾڷ
ԵҲϲ
Ǿóͷȣؼңٸ˵
ãΪ㣬һΡһڵĸƷɳۻ׷ڽҪͷֹ˱硣
͵ذƿץ˱Ӹס٣Ĵѣ٣֪Լڸʲôѣ
Ǽˣͳˡ
ۿƷɣҲ˵ֻǷޡ
Ʒɱ޵ķңץ𴲱ߵ·Ӷ̱ڵϲʡµ
޹ˣڱﱳԸƷɣ߰ɣ͵ʲôҲûʲôҲû
ܶˣʶȷʲôҲûģƷĲ̣ȴ·ؼҡ
/㻹ϣ/µļҲڼϣ黹ûչʰĵز
͸ܷģԼ£Լܽ
١
߰ҽߣûߣߣͻȻ𣬡Ʒɣڿ𣿻ǣҪǰ޵ݣоѵɾܾң
侲侲
Ʒɽԡԡ٣ٹԡ·ԡҴá
ʱƷŵҲתˣôˣ
ܺˣߴ˷䡣Ʒʹһѣܰ·Ӵã̸
ҶǴˣﲻ˵͸¼ʼĩ
Ʒɺɳϳ̣ҵڴء
żɽؾֱ˵Ҫʲôɣ
ҶȶˣҲһ˵ĴֻŮˣøҲ᲻ˡҲʲôˣʲôûҲûԶҲûռˣŰִ󣬶ҶûôȥҪ𺦵Ļڡԣ»СС»ˡ
ʮ򡣡ʹر裬Թʮ¾͵ҹΪֹ
ʮؾۣ᲻˵㣿Ȼ߰ļ۸̫Ͽɣ˵ʲôҲûҶҲûؾǿ/δңҲûʤ㡣ɣؾķϣҸ򣬵
ûΪԼֹԹ۵ĸƷҲûаһѡЦˤŶȥѾȻ
ͷԺ븶ܰҪš
ƷЩȻʧԼͷ̵֣Żæ˳ȥ٣
ֱͦţͷҲصؽ˵ݡ
ŹϣԼ븶ƷɵĽޡеΣʵ֣Ҳʱˡ
¥صƷɸԵͨ绰ܽˡ
ֻ˶ηϢȥԵ̬ؽһµ绰ٳˣ
ϢȥһӣԵز˵绰ôˣ
Ʒɽ󣬰龭ظһ飺Ҳȷ᲻˶Ǻһ㣬պĿжʱȽϳദʱҲ࣬Ϊˡ³㣬ٴ͸¶ȥûһ£ԸҵĵĶǶġ
ĬĬ꣬ԵĸˣƷɣδ̫ˡ
Եұȵù𣿡
Ϊľòʡ𣿼ѼֻԼ⻹ļƣжʶĳˣ͵ΪԼΪе
㣬һΪƴΪˣҲᡣ

ƽĵ磬17㣬ԵǧüŴ¥ֻŵĻϣҼСʱǰġ㡿
صƵ˺ܶ࣬ھƽô꣬ЩʲôֵЩʲôҲԼΪ˴ǲĺʧܣ
ҪǺҼУУݸơֳ˯Ҫʧߵˡ
Եͨٵĵ绰ϰ˵㣬Ƶ귿䣬һ档ѡ߲ԸⲻвǾ档٣޶ĽԣΪֱϼΪĿǳ̤;еɱϧ٣һֱĹңҴûù㡣
˵꣬ȶԷ˵绰
󣬽ԵָƷɴ˵绰ܽʱһԷɣxxСʱ
ƷͷҲǣӦûü绰͹Ҷˡ
Ե͸Ʒɼͬһʱִ
ƽ͵ظԵһͣƷɸоܲʵңΪ£
Եһڰ׿ˮԼͼҪһЩټɵĶƬƵƵԡ
Щ˵ġҸƷҪġ
ϺĶԸƷɵܸӣԹǵĵİһ˶һĲκΡ
Ʒɣһѡ
ʲôˣǾƵƷһ¾ԵҪʲôˡ
ֻңУûС
ԵҾô𣿡Ʒǿ򶨵֮£ѺʪճװͿҲǧõˣôɵĶ
ƷɣҲƽ޹Ҫ˯û˯Ҳġôſڿ˵Ϊҿƴ㣬ȴҪڴԼˣ飬ˮֺذ
ԵЦȻϡҲǰĶѶңҰƵͶˡ
ƷһֱԼϰƵͶʣԵ̸۹
ʲô㡣Ĺ𴩣ƷҲûװȥִţȷһԸ㣬ûܰæ˵ͶˣҲǿ󡣽Ե˵Ļɷ֡ٶ㲻˺ҸҲûʲôˡ
һһ룬ҲǷ顣Ե̧ԱھҪ
ãؾƵ꣬˾͸㡣
ͬʱƽʻһܴӺԭķɻ˵ء
ҼӽǶҪ˽Եţ򳵵˾Ƶֱ¥ϣ˼ӵȴûӦ
ھƵ̫עĿ뱻Ƶ깤Աע⵽ҲϵԵ
߳Ƶܱ꣬ʳӣͻصƵ⣬һܿƵȵĻֽ̨ŵȡ
æ죬ڿϢˡ
˯˸ȥ˺񻶺͸ŮǼҳ緹
ûã𼱻ǵظ
Ҽ㣬ˣ֪ΪʲôͻȻ³ؾƽˣ
Եٱǰ컹ڱ״̬쿪ʼǧüڲĸȺ贫ھ˵û׼ְͣܵ飬򽫸˵Ǳ࣬ŶҲߡ
һ֪̽鱨ͻţҼͨˡ
һ뵽ԵһھƽԮҼں񻶼Ҿ˷ƽĻƱȻŻؼҰֻëӣèˮϰȥ˻
ʲôæҲﲻϣýԵ֪۷ж
ŽԵ׵ġ
ҲΪ˻֪¼ֻ࣬ΪԵ
ӽߵ룬ҼڿԵһĸʻ
ûŸϹȥĿ˴ӼʻλˣӺһֽӽסԵҪǴûգת˾Ƶá
˰ѶŽʻת˵³⡣
ֵʮӣŽԵѾ䣬ҼٴνƵꡣ
ȻԵû˵Ķ˰ѳƵ공⣬ζҲסҾƵꡣʲôϵͬ£ѣֻҥеĽԵھƽڶ׷֮һ
ǣҼֱԵķǰ
ûţվſڸԵ绰ȷϽԵûбˣһײԵھƽ˾Ͳˡ
ŷţԵֻ̾ǼƵ꣬ⷿŵĸЧͦá
绰ͨ
ǱȽԵøģһİº͵λС㣬ãҲҽܵģ
ҼŤͷˡھƵǰǸ
ʱҲˡ
ԵûĶֻ˸ƷɵɲǵĻ֮Ҷͨš
Ҽһ̻ɫţаñڰɫƳ£ǿɫпɫЬһɫаֻڶߡ
ƷɺشҼʵֱӣܣѻݰ
ôҽԵһͲ̸ġ
˼ôˡͷҲû̧ҼͼҴѹ°ͣʱ·ݼȥˡ


66 
ҼδӽԵǰ뿪, ζһαһܡ
ʱ㣬ҽԵ, ֱһԵϵܵİײ˵ʲôݶ̫׵
Ե飬Ǹ鷳ܳ嶯çײܲͽԵھƽԭϵС
ϵģأò׼ȴҪװʶĵ⡣
Ҫٽһ, ֻԼ͵ñƵ깤Աμ֮ץסˡ
Եݵһ¥ʱûְ˸2¥ȥҸƧĵطȽԵϢ, Եȼһ᲻
ûô, С顣
߳ݣֻϢ, ǽԵġһһҾƵ, һǣֶ˼䷿, ȥǶңǸʮ·ǰ
Ҽá
Ե, Ϣܶˡ
ƵнԵˣֹܻոһе, ͬסǵġ
ԵСĽ, Ҫٶݲ, ͬͬסһ, Ͳˡ
Ҫ罻ˣҲûʲô, һݾɻȥ֪ıɽˡԵͣͲ͵ģǡ鷳
ҲΪʲôҪԼôʵԭ
ӽ໹˵ԼȽԵľϲأϲûǾžллءԼȸ˽ԵŰɣ

ԵӸƷõһֻ̣￴Ķ
ҼþƵֽԼȥҲˡ
Եţؾ׼ʱ
ֿ˽ԵǿȻ˺ƤҲ̫ʽлֱ˵ɡ
ݺɳ¡
Եǰֻϰ棬˵ָʹ˸ٺôң⵹ңܵõʲô
繫˾Ǳ˳ȥ˾Ҫ׷ף˽½
һĻᡣ
ܵõʲôҲ֪ܵõʲôûгԼָʹһڸ˼ҵ֮ӣСʳ;һ߸ΨҶģǣǣƷҲǡأͻ˼̤𣿡
Եٿеġָ̤ʲôʱ̤ˣ
ΪĮĮ˵㣬£ûݶٽйpuaҲûٶԸƷɵĸָֻţôƫҪԹԼϣ
ǿҵϯϵĸԵҼ㣬Ľ㣬Ҳ㡣й˶ΣиƷЩʹߵάңʲôҲûС
ҵϣ͵Ҳһ˿мֵĻӦͻرҴ󳹴ˣƽĽ׼ĳУҴˣҲܹˡ
ʵ˵ɣ²ѱûܰ⵹֤ݡٱִֵüڲ˾ֻ֪Ĺ⻷Ĩ㱳ҵܽϵʱ棬ЩٵĶö֮ŴҲͱˡ
Ե˸ţĽʧ
룬ײ棬ٵע⣬СؾڻҷһĻϴ˾Ӧûְɣҵؾһ棿
ô֪¶֣˲ԼѹµһĻ㣬ôƬƷɣǸƷɣ
ǲţγѣٶŽԵԳȻȻǣ̫̫
ȻΪΪܣΪ˼ڡ
û뵽ԹۣƬְƬ˽Ե롣
ȷܴ/ɫƬص㲻ͬﲻͬãﻹж٣ж٣
ԵûʼǱƽϵһ̨סû򿪹
﾿ƬжƬҲȷ˵ʲôж٣ֻթ١
ҸƷҪⶫΪסѱǣƻ٣Ϊ˱˵ʵ˳òʹĽѵһΡ
һԸĸа飬΢ģҲа顣
ܣܸ㡣پŵҡͷ
⻰Ǿǵȷиˣ͸ƷɵĴ߶ȴ/գ٣㰮Ҳ̫ûߣ̫޲ɼˡ

ң˫ȭҪٳѪֹҸ˴ҪȴƷˡ
˩סƷɵģɸƷɵһҲûô˨
ԵʹģƵİɣ
˫ĿʧԼ֣Ϊ/̣Լܻҵһͬ룬ҵֹӶ
ֻǳ룬/
£ļƻ֮УҲǱƷˣ֮ŲþҪɥ֮ȮβٶҪһأ
ѣҵű򿪹ЩװڲˣѪ
ļƻǽͽԵġա
ٷĨᣬЦ£ǰɣôԸҶԣȨơΪޣΪ⣬ھƽҲû˻⡣
ԵԱ̬ȸеջ𣺡ʵ̰ˣα֤ܸݺٰ٣ĺܳеЩȷеҲΣ¿ɴСȫһ֮䡣ҽڹȥΪҰ»㾡ҾصǵϣǼǸˣңñ̬
ﰲڱԵĻЩ棬ЩǼ٣Եϵһ
̲ϣҪĶ
ٸиЩ񾭣ֽŽԵݴ
˫ʹ޳áҸ˯вң˵Ҫô̫̫ܵ淢£ʵС֮ǧáھƽ֮ءҪôͰɨأ˵㲻أʱһǮҴְ뿪ƽ
ʮ³ɺ󣬻ٸʮ
ʮСǮھƽ㲻ʲôԸ㲻ʲô
Ǯֻܵ¹ӣ˵©족ͻᱻСͷ/ּ̡ۻ۵ʸûС
ڽԵƽǰϦȥ˺ԭǸܾ
ȥԭǰȥԭΪʲô
ȥ˺ԭΪˡǴˣöԵʵƷɡ
һʧǧźޡ
Ե˾ƽĵڶ£ƷԼԷԵںԭĽƷɺ˲ٺƣ/ȥƵ꿪˷
ºƷɶԾɰֻǾƺ/ԣ˵Ը־ϵ̸顣
Ҳ֮˺Լĸۣд/룬Ըʶ䡣
ֶšʾʾֹһΣ˽ףԸõ۾ͷΡ
٣ҵġԵ̾ҲΪĲ԰ڵܲǰȷ۲ͨ˽ݹƶȣתڼְٰĿڡƾϾλָտɴ꣬㶼Ȳ𣿡
û˵ޣΪܹȻְȨ˽ΪǳΪʸ֮ġ
٣御
Բ𣬽ܣԲ𣬶Բ𡭡Ϊ·ߡ׺䶥
תȥ۲ԼԸԵˡ
ԵҲ˵úøɣҧҧϵ·ûôѡ
û˽ԵɽһСķǶѧҵ˶ʿҪǧõ۾λã̸ף
ԣΪǵĽݾԼԨ
Žͷٲˡ
ʵܲпᣬŬջӲǾԹƽĵֵȼ۹ϵϲ㣬ģҲֻԼ
ԵƷ绰ʱ˵Ļƶͷбһа˼ɶһҪʳ٣һӡ
٣زܻءƾĳԷƾǮΥΥ֮£ܻ档
ܣܡһ𣿡ٲҰ
ȥ˾ҷ񣬰֪ǰԵƶ̣û򿪣ֱҼգȥ˺ŸƷɣǮ˰ɡ

ƽȺԭ࣬ڵλøҹ²ҲȺԭ
ҹԽԽ
ҼŴ¥´Ϣĳˮ
ߵ¥ûкǱ߸ߣֵشʮ·ڣʻϴúܶࡣ
˷Ϳʼ˼ԼŽԵƽǶǴ
ԼۺʱԵдڽԵأ
ԵҪҸжıⳡ𣿻ᱻԵڸǿϵĸ
̫̫û̸ˣУ԰ְеһξҲɲó
Ե˷ţԵϢ˵һ
ڼ䣬Ҽƽ̨Լͻϴ裬˻ҹشſڴϸ绰
һҽҲˡ
УǾͲԷˣ㵽ҪǶˣǱ߳ٻȥԺõģݺһ١ҪҪСǹˣ˵ӽһڼңֻСһЩ˵ȥ
סòԶҼӽСͽǸĸ߶Ƶġ
缸꣬ҼؼдʱܸЩྣһȥЩ˿ڱտڶ״ʲôģôѽٲץͶǱʣµˡ
Ҽǰһֶˡ
ţԼ򳵻ȥýˡ쿪ôʱĳϢɡ
Լҽģһ㣬Ҳ϶Թؿ
Ҳãγȥܹ˵жʮСʱĳҪңǿ÷ˡ
㡣
ʲô
Ҽ˼ȥȸǴԤ룬еⷽ׼죬˵£̸ġ
󾪣ˣ
ûСҼ÷ɿ죬ʱűˡ
ûУ˵ʲô̸Ҫģǹѵ£
ûѣҲѡҼ˵ſߣ㣬Ҫ룬ôû˶ɣûһֿܣ
Ҽ˵ʲôʲôһֿܣĻǲ⣬ô꣬㵽̸û̸
վأԵһ֮
ס֣Ϣ㣬̸
ûѡ
ļٵģ
ġ˽㣬æ£˵ҶϵͬʱŰ֡
⣬ȷ˼ĺ˶յľˡ
Ե·һδʩĽྻգ·ʱŵһԡ¶ϴˮ㡣
ҼͽԵڷٴ۹ϾվҼǰһסԵ֣ʾ̫㣬ˡ̸ˣܵһҪһЩ˶䵭ֻһⷢůˣŻˣ
ƵĻҼǰڽԵҲ˵û˵ԼΪ˽Եĵ´ص
ǽŮҲܲסҼĻһָֻĦϵģ
šҼԵĲ䣬ҾˣᵢĹ죬ҲҪҪ
ûѵظ˵̧ӵסԵ̤ʵܸҳ磬ܸ
ԵֻرˣЦ⣺˵ҹ̣Ϊ˴ɵĹɱ᲻̫˵㣿ţĽڼôģ
ҼҭȦö˶˵۷Χ˲ˣ룬򴽣Ʊǹ󣬿Ҳ˵Ϊ˰˻ǮҶ⡣
Ǿ䡰ˡԵѴҼϣӽģԼߡ
ˣӽʱ϶Ե˵
ֲúŽԵľϲӽΪԵڡ⡱֪պ󣬸
ַֽųϣװʲô᲻Ȥ
ͷЩţŽԵߵߡѾˣûȫϡ
Եվڴǰ˻ϣɳϣΪʲôؾƽ㶼֪˰ɣ
ϢֶߣͷзڼڲˡҼôͻȻֻΪԽ˼
Ҽ˼ʹϵãܴǶȥԵ⡣
ϢģǸõ죬ҲǱˣûʦ
ţ֪ˡҼԱ£ǸŮ͸˵˷˵ھƽѲ졭Ҳˣܼ𣿡
֣Ҳ֮֡ûҪܣû˵ζžƭ㡣ԵҼס
Ҽǳǳһǣ㷢ʲôġ
Ǽôڲϵ۸ӣЩҲϵãҪ֪ȫò˷ʱͿ಻˵Ҳδ˾ŪԵֻ㣬㶨һԺļںԭȫ˻˺ԭиʱȥ˽˴˵ĵԼδǹȥ
ҵ꣬ŽԵšھƽ˶գֵõ
һҺܿͻغԭƫͷҼһ£ؼҡ
ҼȴסĴ֮
Ӻ˺أǳֹĳˣֲãһǣһ߽˵¿ۡ
˵/ǼٵģԵҼԼĴ/֮ǰסĳ˵һֻࣺ˵ģҳ磿
ĳĽп಻ԴҲҺۡ
Ұ£ǲųԹζʳЦ԰硣
㣡
ҼýԵץԼС䣺ܲҲҳ硣
˵Żٽ˱ŵڴϣ֮Լؾƽ£ɣܡ
һо͵ŪýԵɣ볨֧ԴЦĿ׳̬
ֹ˯۵Ĵϣ̫ˣǷܹݵİϷҪҲҪøЩ㲻/һ㣬ôֵĹǷ
/еģҿѽҼһˡ
˯£һԴ˯ȹ
ǽԵġ
Ϊ٣ռضҲͽԵؼĴ
³س¶/ͷҼִӼͷ»һƬ/ԽйԽࡣ
ǡԵҼ¶ЦЦҲǵҼ
̲ɸҼݲȥˡ
Ｑع𣬸ȥڽԵߴҸоǸȽۣҪϷɻҲ/ܰɡϾһ˯һûϵɣ
һ˵꣬¶´ҵҲɣͳͳȥɳӿǰӶϴ
Եصñ໥ѹΣָֺܿԭ״˭˵ͬģ
ҹעǸҹ
Ҽ׷Źȥ̽Щںڰϵط
һ·ľɣһ·ľڴŢѰ֮򴦣ȴʶԴ𣺡ܣҪ𣿡
˵ء
ˮǾѵ壬׵罻ӵؾڣֱͨˣѸ֫ٺֱࡣ
̰˱˼룬סԷȥǶԷĴ
ƫԷ⣬ȥ˱𴦡
ҲҪ硣ĳ緽ʽɲֹйһ֡
һҹ޷ĽӴҼ飬ǰսغϱӵߡ
ĵʱ˯Ȼţ˰޵ʱֻôһ£͸ⳡԶǧıһ˫ʺ硣
õԼҼǰգ´ٻϴ
Ҫϸʱϵ˯п۷졣
Ҽڴߣ΢ҵͷϸˣŰ˵룬磬Ҫû¾˯˻ڣѺңȥؼҡ
Ҫ𣿡Եĸ첲ӱԼû·Ҫͷ
ţʮʮķɻڴͷһˮŵȽԵãҲã˸ȵˮ
Եգգ۾붯
ҼѱӷŻȥűһ̽ø߶ȣ¶˱ιԵߣȵ㣬ɤӡ
ԵЩǺһˡ
ˡ˱ӣŽԵϺͼףذ˷ſڼҵԡ
ȵȡ
ţҼͱסˡ
ǸˣֻǹʶͨѣƵĸ߹ܣӽھƵԷӽҲ
Ҽ˹ǣŪӽ˵Ĵ˳ӲǺˡ
ٴڽԵһ£Цţɩɸˡ


67 
Сٽ, ϰһͶԲǧһȫԱ˱˲, ִԱ۲͡
۲ϢȺҼ칫㱨һĸݣݹ㱨Ҳˣܻûظ˵ľ۲ͣܶλ˺ָֺܴ֧ȡĳɹҲлܡ
Ҳľл򣬾ھƾĻ
ϲ߽Ե, ǻܽʲô
ҪæˡԷ˼Ҽʸֽʰϣ߷ߴ򷢵, ҿϸ, æͷȥɣǸȫʵĿƻܶ, ȥȫʡ
ĺҼͷ, ҿе㾫񲻼õӡ
ûٶ, ӦáҼ˳칫ҡ
һصλ, Ҽֻϸ췢쵽˾𣿡
죺ûа
죺ڡ
죺Ҽܣ
Ҽţ˷ݱ, ûӦ
죺ӪǱæŽӴͻɡ˾Ұ㶢ţҪ˰칫Ҹ˵
Ҽл˰
һܽᱨ, ûд绰߼׷ıҪŸ¼, Ҽ̾, ԼˣҪôעĶ
˻, ͻȻɿ
Сս㣬Ǹð˰ɣĺ麣ϼĵĽи߷ԤðĳҪҪһ
麣ϼӳóҩУҼֻЦδȻһɡ
ˮϥһ˻ȥ麣ϼҼЦЦоôϰˡ
ڣҲһ
ϵľ۲һһꡣ
ʮӣҼСңԾһȻԱߵλҲ̫ÿ
˾ˣȫûơϸֻȳ˳Ժȡ
ռһұҼǻܺƲܡ
ԷڼǺģҼ⣬͸¶˵ƽ֮Ҳһ񣬾˵ԵΪºĺڶҪͬҰȥسҲǹ˶˼ˣõ֣ȥժɡͣһ¶١
ѹ޻˵ԭ׳־δ꣬ǿУ׷󡱽Եˡ
ô˵ǸҰȷʵͷųҪ׷Եźˣ
ǸŮˣô˵ʲôӦʲô
죬쵽°ǰŸϢ˵һ춼û˾˵СӪĵͬ£Ҷ˵ûӰ
麣ϼͳºΰһļˣ׷׾ٱܾơ
˾ƣ麣ϼҼͦɾûôԲ˵ӣûʾܣСս㻹ǷǺüأǰ˴ȥ˰ɣ
ǣ˭ܹܣһƿϺõĺơ
Ҽûġ
麣ϼҼвˣİСս㣬ûģֻ⣬ֲǳԱ˳ŵģȾǶӡ
ҼʳѣԵһûغԭһŲġ
ϵֻ¡
ȻϢðʣСxxꣿ
Ҽûˣֻ¡
磺˾۲ͣ
ҼšСҲڣû㡣
磺ҸСȥ俴Ǽ֣и˺㣬ʿ
磺ҵϰҲǵĿͻͬ¶ۿȯ
ϢҼһʱ֪ûʲô
ڷżٵĵڶϼһ棬˶˳ݳԹΪֻǿ㡰ʶ
ҼҲףò졣
磺лл
ŵɢ˳Ҽ麣ϼһ·ߵȳ⳵
һɫ˽ҳ˹£ʻλϺȻ磺С㣬㳵ҪҪһ£
֡С㣿
ҼûȾ𣿡Ǳ̨ǣֵطܲմƣ
Цŷʣ˭涨ԻһúȾƣ
Ҳ٣ơٷǰ˵ģֲˬԼ
гˣСս㣬߰ɡ麣ϼѵǱյĳ⳵ҲˣСս㣡
¿˽ҳȴߴ٣麣ϼҲȥ˺󷽣Ҽֻĳ鷳Сˡĸ򰡣
Ҫ˳·ʹһ̣˳·;¡
ţûش⣺סĸС
ôԵ
ҼĽӴٲˣ׷˼׷ĺ⡣һأԺһز͵ˣһùϵҲڹչ
ҿɡҲʮֻҪ϶³˶೤ʱ䡣
úĿĵأҼֻ֧ϣ翴
ǧĴĿѶȰɣ
ӪģСҲۿˣٴĿնָȲʤȯС㲻صǵʵ
ţԼǧ㸽ԭڰɣ
ǡ
Ҽֻ磬Ļʾǡ㡣
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ֻģʽҼȡºԥһŽ㣬һ棬ȵٸص绰
˺̵ƣ翴޾ɵģﳳˣѡ
Ҽ
ֻһεİˣΪʲôܾϵϢζôһʶ
Īھưɼ
Ǽ꣬ԭΪļȥ㲻ϳͣÿҵľȫˡ
ȥ֤Լǻ
֤Ľǣûһ419ûɹ
һ¶ˮԵ˶Է˾ƵˣȴڶԷԡҺˡ
ǡ
ôҸ类òڣֻǱģСԲ˵
Ҽջߣתͷȥ⣺ûЩ£ǻѡ
ǻģ񰮣򲻿н
˫Ҳһн
⻰Ҽû˵Ϊ˾ġ
ģҲԼĹ£ǲǲ죬Ҳûĸ˶̸ˡ̸ϰߡ
ͣСſڣҼ˰ȫллСı㳵һһȫδƷƻܻһЩȫʵС̣ʱ߶ţ˵Ǹ
С̫ˣ⣬ʱҡ

ҼŰ߽СһֱԺѰпܸ糶Ϲϵļ䡣
޹
ݺ˱ˮһں£Ȼ˿Сȥ̨Ÿص绰
⣬ˡ
һܣԤʾһĶת꣬Ҫ
绰ͨܳأ죬죬Ҳڴ졣ڣܳû˳ˣǿޣǶô룬Ҳǲû裬ǲĸŮ˲ˡָ顣۾׵öˣǼַֻ壬ź˵ˮӪƬ
ǰҼ˵ԼͬʱҲǴʧɫǼ˵췴Ӧһ
ʱ͸ĸǽĸڣӺϹҼ֧ȥˡ
㣬Բ֪ºǽܣҼۿһȣһӾð˳Ҹ˵û衣ǼҸˣҲǺˣиĵͻ
㣬Ӧҵġ֮ǰ߹·ߵ·֮ͬ˵Ա𣬵ʲôأ
ͷϣܶ໰˵Ҳȥֻܸ˵
Ǹ̸˵һ߳ܣҲڱ̸Ů֮顣
˶԰׷ҲΪܲ͵ֻԼһ㲻Ҳ𣿡


Ҽ̨һһСʱ
ӹη絽磬Ӵ׵꣬ӿ޵Цˮ˵ˡ
û˵˿ڣ˵ôã
˵ĻҪã
ᵽԵҼ˾񣬡㣬ҴѧǸһŮ̸ģҺȷԼȡ򣬲ΪͻȻתԡҺܰԸ˳ݿ࣬Ҳֵ
ҲԵǵСųҸһԼҳ
뻤˵֣ƬأƬܸҿɣиףҲźðȰȰ費ǣ
뿴Լҹϵðϵ˳ʲôжƯˣҼΪ֮ħ
ƬҼ룬ֻﻹûнԵգӽ෢㡣
ӽࣿ
ţӽ࡭ˡ
ǣһϲǣ׽ã
㣬㣬ԲҼҪ֪ܽܵô죬϶ȸˡ
ٸƶ
㣬ˣõĽ㣬ãģʹһ㣬ţ
ƣ˵ˡȥôˡ
СҲûԹʲô࣬Ŀǻ;˳ûٸĸ
ϼũ壬ĸڡ㣬޸ͬˣȥϡ
ѣҲûѧϰ֣ѧûȥѧͽһʦ
˧ְҵҲ˿ãϵ˿ʮ꣬˺վʶԵ֡
ǻҼںԭϴѧĴ򷿣հֲϼŮûյ񻹵Ǯ֮£˻ס˼
һס꣬ϰˣټӳǴģ᲻һ˷ֿˡ
Ѿһ׷ֻûװȥ÷ַ
˺ϻ￪꣬⻹С
ҼѧûҵСͳˣǰסһݣִЩҲǵҼҵ꣬Ҽںԭ󣬾ͰԼķøÿλؼҶǸ˯˯
Դˣ
⼸˳ҼӣڸĸǰӦ߻飬ҲҼ˵Ķ塣
ֻҪҼĹÿڣͲһڱҼ˸ĸңҼ޼ҿɹ顱
Ҽ˵ģǼҵÿһ˶ǰԼӺڻ
Ҽֲ֧عѡҲӦֲ֧Ҽ
ͨҼ㶣ٸӽȥ˵绰ӽ࣬Ҹˡ
ʲô˵Ҳ̫˰ɣӽڷ˯ǰĤᡣ
Ҽ俪ףŵȡᣬ˺ĤȷϷǲǹˡ
ӣҼѾһ顣
ôԵ˵ҽǱߣȥֻеĽԵƬԷ㿴ԵֺϢ
ȥұɩְ
Сʻ괬뿪һӵġװıãҲ뿴ҷɣ
аɣΪװıҸĩҾȥһ˼빤ӽؼʱǺܸܿ׵ģĹ㲻ҵ֮𣿡

Ҽ˻ҳ΢ţӽת520
յ֣ӽࡰmuaյͿȥˡ
Ǯӽ˻
ӽࣺ㣬ϣҸҲ㡣
ӪֶҼһûĸ䣬Ҳû˵ʲôô
оѶȡ̫ߣ
Ҽ֣£ЩӾĿ⿪ˡ
ҼҺܰ裬һԷǳɹĸĸҺͽѧ˰
Ҽ賳ֹһӣΪԷ㵱һм޸򣬽ηסǼҵŮҲΪԷ
Ҽ֣йǣ˵˺ܶ࣬û϶˵Ķ԰ɣ
ҼĸǸԸƵˣ٣ΪƣҲֻżҼĸװ죬ŮûŮҪʲôܸľͶ
ԴסУʱ˵㣬뷨ʱһҪʵ
෴ҼĸǸҰˣ¶ĸһпߵģͰѸŮ˶һ顣
һһߡ֡춹ġ
˻û׻ظҼ˯׼ϴ衣ԡǰֻһ׷δϢֻ㣬ļôģ
׵⣬ֱҼġ
֪ôֻʱرܣ𡣰ֻϵ磬ȥϴˡ
ԡʱӾûֹͣת룬衭Լĸף˭˭Ƚأ
ٳٵòҳϿɣܼȥԵ𣿻

ϴ񻶸ϢҽƤﲻ̤ʵǰϢ˵Ҫؼҳ񣬺ָķȥƽٺأǴӾƽɻȥ˰ɣ
ԵҲϢ۲ͽ𣿡
/ƿӰԼסƵȱ˲̽ͷ
УݺУˣУݹԹԵſڴͷѹסֻУһԾȥ˴̨
顢顢飬鲢ҡ
컹æĹ
Ǹҿ쵽˼ޣΪʲôôҪ壿ΪʲôôҪϺ˾Ͳܱ屻
ҼҼⲻԼľ
Ȱ񻶣ϹˣҽճϰءЩȥоо
¼仰΢˵壬ҵĺܣֻܲ⣬ؾԼһ
ŻظԵ
ˡ
㻹жû
ԵߣҲҡ
ȥû룬ͱˡ
ΪԼÿ죬ԵҲһֻڿϢɽԵˡ
ԵȾ˰ɣ
Ҽš
ԵϴϢҲˣͲƵˡ
ҼŶ
Ҽеˣˡ
Եţ

֪Ե˾ƽһˣҲǽպϰĵڶ졣
ǧüܲԵĪСϴ壬ԱϤ˾¼ʼĩ͵˹ʾԵס
Եίʦ˱׷ȨĹٻ֮ǰʧˡ
³칫ڣ˶ϧĴⲻؾƽˣΪ¼
Եͷ˶񰮣нҡӽֻҪǧûҪңһһֱΪǧЧҲ֪ҽ궼ʮһˣ֮ҲЩʱ䣬úþӪԼĸ
ô˵ҵһˣ
š
ǳҰ
ǡ
ҰһһѰ˼ųҰͦģҪǳˣضһμѻ
˶ҵĸ˴䣬̹ҲǸ򱨸ˡ
Ե⻰һͲķǸѧİɣ˶ôı仯ı²СлɵҼ
áû˵ѶŮѣʱδֻͽ¶ˡ
ƽ֮Ҳ͵Ϊֹˡ
ӽҪҼҼΪ
򹦰ܴɣưոݡ
ǧĿʵȨҾͶˡǱߣһȨ˿Ű죬ԩװίԵǧںԭطչصҷֵǧĿǧںԭվסˣϵܾλãвж
˶̧ˡգҶ˶ԵӲ߰ԸҲӲԱۡ
سء
ˣ湫˾ҵˣȲϤмء˼ȥǷչһҲɡ˽±ضϵ֣ҸġҪбķҲᡣں硭ҿҰеٹ˽ˡ˳Ǹӷ
õĹ˶
ԭߣҼʱӵıϲ绰Ҽ㣬Ҹ֪һٻûͱٻؾƽˡ
ʱҼδյԵҪȷϢж˵ҲпԼյܱʵǽأ
ԵھƽȻ棬ǽԵýĽ
ԵûǸڹڵ⣬ûˡԵȴأǲزء
͵ЦȤǧôĿȱ˽ܣ

ܸҸƱˣĺࡣҪҪȥ˵˽ӡ컰ЦŨˣҼ㣬ˣ˵ǲʶѽ
ӦáǰɡողŶƱǽԵϢҲ˰ɡԼˣŽԵʳԡ
Ȼ绰ֻ꣬˽ԵĺϢҳͼ


68 
ͼʾ, ϰ˵ء
ʱܳԣ°, ˻˼ٿȥ˶ü
Եصѡʱλİɣ
Ȳϰ࣬ȥؼҡԵҲˡ
Ҽıߣ
ԵԼң°ȥʰһ£ЩûסˣҾ߹˻ҳ
ԵĻظܼʱܸɴࣺǱߡ
ҼõΡ
ϰ˵ʮҼڻȵİˡûֻЦǰӵ, ڽԵ˵⣺ӭҺ㡣
Ե᲻ɲءšҼǣ, ͣߡ
Ҽź, ŸϼʻλͱԵס˲, Ȼһǡ
ĽԵ, ҼЩ, ܿȫͶУǵѷ֡
, 촭ĽԵĺ󲱾ʾͣ¡
ԷֿҼƽ, ԵüۺЦʣ㲻壿
ԽԵô, Ϊ˺ԼصϢ, Եˣ
ԵҼס, ôôá
ŮѣӦõ𣿡
Ǵʲôʱ, Ѿ϶ҼŮأţǴҼ¥ĸ׵ɡ
˺Ͱ˶ںԭ
ļңҲںԭ
ҪҼһ֣Ҽ֪//Ū顣
Ҽֵá
ͷˣᣬԽԽ
룬ҼΪܵʲôίȻҲһοϢȴֳء
ĸ𣿡
ûСҼֱĨĨᣬǼˣеķеֲڣͺܡǰԼˣ͡ճ㣬¸鷳
ԹԵ˵ԹԵزᡣһÿҲյÿ죬һӾˡ
̧ͷʪ󣬱ҲûʲôˣʵҪΪ˵Ůѣϲ
Ե¶յĦʽЦݣҲûٶ롣
ܿ𣿡
ܡҼͷ絷⣬ӹԵݸĳֽ£ʹŮѻؼҡ

ҺУУݶԽԵް֣ƽӭҼŴӭƯĽ㡣
ҼýңԵſߣè
Ǳ¶˰ɣ
ߣèĽܣÿɰУУݻҪɰ
УУݣŽԵ㣬ýȥϴ衣Ҽ߱ЦݳְѽԵһ棬ҳԵ㣿
ϵĺǺзɻ͵ģԵǻԷɻ͵ˡʱ㣬Ҳá
Ե˵ͷȷʵû
ȥϴϴá˯¾ʹҷڴǼ
Ҽ߽ңԵһ۾Ϳ洰ǽϹŵһ
ǽҼǧĳˣҼ˵Ҫû˹ǽˡ
һǲǾҼҼĻͦУ
ţɫ㷿Ҳܴ𡣡
ҼҼȥѧҼ⺢ӺԣҲָԺܳΪ󻭼ء
Լ˼ɡǿСѧԼϲĶҼҼԼѡ
һתͷֿͷ϶һͬǧĻ档ǽҼĻƬ
ҼƬĵǱӰ涼ޱܰа
һˡҼļҡ
Ƭӽ͵ĵģҺϲϴǶˡҼӱӵסԵĶ䣬ļңģУУҲġԺԾߣèСҡ
°ȥ˻ְϲƬӡ˳еСϸýԵе顣
ڸ߽ԵǶкҪһ֡
Ҽɿɹ˽ԵңԼߡ߷һ
һִֻͼԽɽʱһְֻסˡ
Եתָ/ĳ˴ϣڣܸȥˡ
˵һֻ/̩ϣ
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ţñఢȥҼУֽ͵Ϊļ
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֪ҼβЦۣҲҡ
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Եϴû೤ʱ䣬ʱҼҲ棬װࡣ
ԷǰѽԵأ¼һָƣٳ
Ժ󣬽ԵҲɳҵļˡ
Ե۵ˣ˴ҼϴݣϵԺ
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á
ԵƢζǻҼͿѳֲסˣ̵̣ʿˮ
ţ˽ԵЦȻǽԵսĴ
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Уֻæ˾еæġ
ĵϣҼͽԵٴǧõĻԵڻϲԴǵر˿յŶӰһúܺãָҼڰ칫˼ѮĿ̽ڵ㡣
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ۣûüǲǽԵģǰʹ˽ԵҼϳ


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ҼԼѵŲߵǰʻ¶ûȫ
Ե̽ϵ˰ȫ, Ͷͷˣ

Ҽϥϵĵ԰߷ź֣˾˯Ƕҽ㡣

˿̵ҼýԵ뵽һʣ̬䡣
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ҽźҼڻЬϾͱס˽Ե, ǰԵһס
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УԹԵһצϴ۵ɵĿɰģҼʱһޡ
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У˳ĳë
ĶУҲ˦˦βͺ󣬲ͣ´ܳȥˡ
䣬ǰĳüͷһ˲両ֳҹξ⣬ʲôΣ

Ҽؾߣ۾ȴϵ򣬲Ӵϵˡ
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Сʹ롣ԵϷ죬ûûأԣ
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ˡɩˣҲˣǲŮŮѣ
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ɽԵŮ˰¼˵һӲͨòͨ黰ô
ݺҼһ·ȫܽ˽Ե
ԵۣҲĴûм˼ǨҲ˼ǨֻҪڣֻ㡣
ҼǵϢȣȫ˵ء
ϽԵĺ󱳣/ŽԵǣָ·ٽǲ㵯ʮܡ𣿡
ԵĻӦǽȹϣ
һҹҼҲմȾ˽ԵϢ
¡
缱衣
ôҰɡ
ҰģзϵСè䡣
ѽ˵ϤټӱҪֽȻͬˮдһѰζĽ
ͣϢİĿռųʪĺˮζ̼ÿһָй١
ֻ䷳һһ顣
ԽԽ
ԽԽɺӡ
ȥӰɡŮԼŮɤ/ɬɳƵһˮ
ҼƸʪȣ/ŪСèԴᣬ̧ͷڶϣɻܿ졣
ϴͽңҼ˯»¹ԼϵĺŪ˯£֮ȡ˽Եڼϵ˿˯ϡǽԵǰģⶼǽԵζеġ
ҹʲô绰һֱ첻ͣأ
ĿЬϣֻĴ¶һС롣
ֻ¿Ļһʾδ硣ָƽ󣬵㿪ͨ¼ͨĸ״ģͨǽġ
΢ʮδϢǺϢǡϢأ


70 
̨Ĵһ, ûǹҲû¹ҹʪÿ¡
ǻò, ҺԳ֣ӵֱ⡣Ӿŵ㵽ʮ㣬һĴǷȴҲ˳
һʱ䣬ҿϢҲһص绰
´Ҹ˲
ֻ˱ˮ๾, ֽһȥҡ
ͽԵĹϵѾò⻻һˡ
ҿ, ȱۡҼ򿪴ͷ, Եų/δʵӰ֮£˼/ġ
Ӧ, Եһ, Ҽ㵥ϥڴ˴ӵ
ԵӹҼˮ, һ롣
̧Ůݣ·̶û, Ůѽǰ㼤ҵ/˻
ʣôˣ
ˮҼ°ͿڽԵͷ, Ӧģҵûظ绰, Ҫѵ, Ҫʱ䡣
ʲô, Ҫѵ
Ҷ󰡣װ, ûǵĻż
ôһ˵ԵĽ˽ȻȻΪҼ˲֪Ҽȡ򣬲ŻסҼͷʣǸѹ𣿡
ǸԼĸ׶㲻ˣܰŮѸ㶨Ůѵļأ
˼ˣĵײЩɥ֮⡣
£¹ظ£ȴΡ
Ҽذ΢ļף˵ģⱲӶֻҪڣֻ㡣
´˻ҼſԵЦָûȥ裬ȥ绰
š
ȥϴǰĸϢȥǳ緹
á
ʣûʲôرԵĲˣ
Ե⡣
ϴﻹûˡһȥ̨ĵΪҼΧϡ
ݣҼ׽ס
ţлл㣬֪ʱԣǰ˵ɡ
ãټ
Ҽ绰嶼ЩʲôԵ޴ӵ֪Ҳûʣ¸Ҽѹ
˵绰ҼڽԵһ˫ҲԵһһң԰ɣ
ԵĽҼĸϳţ뾭ѵŮ
ͰҼİ˺ͼˡ
ĸ׺ҼҼǱߣиþ񣬵Ϊϲˡ
ҪĲ࣬ҼǲɸǸ
Ҽ˵ĵһλж֤ʵǡôӦģҲҼԼͬȵĵλ
Ե˱סԣǣһҡ

𴲣ԵҼްţҼ˵ҪȥĸŮǽԵȿͻؼңȥ˱
ϣҼhͿ͵ҲԵ˵ˣԵ˵ԡ
Ҽתã飬˵ʱҼҼҲҼҼУУ
ԴˣԵҲͷ˵ˡáֱǱ۳衣
ʱٻرԵľһı䡣Ϊܲһ˿һļҵů
ùã
ҼǵһȥſӭӽԵġ
šҼͷǣסߣùðհ̴һҪ͸㡣
Ҽ˷쳣ҡ֣հҪʲô
߽ڰѵӵСԵֹʲôҲû˵ȥ˸ˮڷڲ輸ϣȳԵˮ
ԵšѴҲŲ輸ϣóһһСУСǸøҼ
հģ򿪿еᡣ
Ҽ򿪺ɫֽУװһ̴ľӡСӡУһ鳤ɫʯͷײСǺɫӡࡣ
ҼСֽʯͷ١סҿҿû
ùãʯͷʲôѽ
ȥĻֽ
Եùӡк͡ʯͷմӡ࣬ڽҼĻֽӡһ¡
ҼҼӡ£㿴ӡģ֡ҼԺ˻Ϳڻֽϲĵطӡ֣ǩ
ҼȤͨ壬ѱϡ
ùùùãҲҪҪԼӡҼѧŽԵĲ̣ڻֽӡһԼ֡
ԽԽϲһӡ˺ü¡
Եֻ﷭ҼƬøҼҼҼ͸ùúհ̵Ļհûװˣӡ֣Ƕϲ
ƬڽԵ֪ʱҼͶ׼ˣС鲢ïԵʾһ飬ôҼҼʲô
ùáҼͻȻȦסԵĲһ¡
ӡ²ӡڽԵ·ϣֿסŮ֡
ûӡ´ӽҼߣֻǲӡԵϡ
Ǹհ̴ƵɡհˣҲллհԺҪöĻӡҵ֣͸ùúհ̡
ãھհ̷Ƶ
š
ԵƵ͵ҼҼ˵лл
յϢʱҼճŽ˵ݣܣڵӸ򡣡
ƵͨҼѾڼʻλˡ
հ̣ллùýôˣҲϲϲԺÿһҶҪ
ҼҼϲͺãհҲرϲҼҼĻһǳȤãҼҼϲҪŶԽԽá
ͷֻнԵͽҼԵû˵ҼҼҼţֻŽҼ㹻ˡ
׷ġġ
ùáҼʶ̧ͷԵ
ôˣ
˵ҵտ쵽ˣյʱܲܺհһؼҰһҹգҲҪҳյ⡣
Ҽ˵գԵʶǰ¶ʮžǽҼˡ
ҲǷҼһݡ
˶ʮ죬ҼͽҼͬһɣ
Ҽû֨ŽԵĻش
ССԸԵԸɣãùúհһգҲС
ллùãҼսֻųЦհ̣Ҫ͹ùһŶǳԺóԵյ⣡
ãҸùһǵСա
ŮŮ˵ظˡƵôЦôģЩܵġ
·ŮŮƵҼһˣǸܻӭġˡ
ǸҼжأԼ׶
һμ˵Щ߷˰ɣǵûʶȤظԵ־룬ôߵýԵͽҼֶԼˢ˴ڸС
Ũصʧпġ
裬
ԵִӴóһвŵǰ˵ʱľһ˲ȸԾ
ЩԼ۾Ͷ䣬Ե
ԵҲû֮ΪĻʷһݡ
չҼҼˡԵɫҲȸҼ˵ʱøΪˣĸ׽ڣҼģϣ£Ҳϣϲ
Ҽ
ĸ׽ڣɽԵлģչŮˡ
ǰгյŮȴֻһ
׷ӿļģǶԽԵΣҲǶҼġʡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҼýԵ˸Ƶģ
ΪʲôΪʲôԵӲ׽
һ˫ŮɲŵѵŮĻΪʲôΪĸ׵͵òŮһʵġˡ
ǰ̣ڿΪҼĽɳ룬Եôɳ
˵ԵʲôȱҼЩָԵ
ĸĴֻΪӪһͥıǸĸ벻Ůߣʲôֱأ
ѪԵ֮ܽԵе𱾲еġĸסΣеӦøҼְԼΪĸֿ
Ҽںߵһը졣
벻ͨԼôͳСʧܡġϸ񡱵ĸףͽԵһ㣿һĽ
Ҳ벻ͨԼǸԵȡ򣬻ǽҼĳɳ
ҼĻìܵС
ڿŮŮڸҼദջֺìܾøˡ
ڶթҵս꣬˵òȻαߣ֪ܴ˴ֵˣǶôϡɹ
ҼøɾЦҲɾ
Ѳϲ
Ƿûд򿪡ֻͷûҡ
߳ţҼܹȥͷʣյùõ𣿡
ҼҼŮŮҵҵĸоοʧģ̣Ϊʲôϲհ̣
Ϊհ̺ÿţհ̵Ҳհ̻ұңңҺ͹ùÿģķҲܺóԡСÿհڣùþͺᣬЦϲЦĹùáùЦˣҾһ㶼ˡ׹ùãùãǺܿĺܿġ
Ůⷬ߼ͨ˳Ҳܺ⡣
ĹȻҪ֮ĺܶʵҲɺӡŮô࣬ýԵͽҼĵģֻҼһС
࣬Ҽ̺˯
Ž˽Եķ䣬Եڷסһ룬װĶǸɩصƷ
ҵҲ˾ķɹʣڽԵΪܼ꣬ר˲پ÷ʵȥƽԵ˵ΰȫЧ⡰
ˣĸ˵ĶǣҪѧԼ⣬ˣҪԼ
ԴӺСͶµĲˡΨн񣬻鷳Ѵǽ˵⣬˵
òϵǣеŵĴˡ
ͻȻȥƽûʲô°ɣ
һǰԵڵ绰˵żٻǼ졣ٷżˣһȥ˾ƽ
ҲϢʹԵĻشֻһ䡰ںɡ
ûʲô
Եó룬Կģ¹ԣڴβϵĸףл˵
ӲĿǣбŵһŭԽԽڳĸ׵ϣɫǲǲӣβͬ⣬㶼ҪŮˡһ𣿡
Եûն˵ǡĬ˼ŮˣҼ
ݽΪҼİ֮ǰֻȷԼ̸ͬۼޣŮˣδ롣
СܺáûСҲν
Ҽ̸ֻҼˡ
ããǸһŭǿزȫЭҲˣϲŮˣǾһģõġ
ʲô䣿ʲôãԵЦҼҰһϸҵġƯͣʳгз˼ҹ˹񣬻庢ӺˣЩ㻹ôң
Ҽŵڵ̨ϣͼ˵ĸףĸƿԡ
ɺȻĸ׶ںϸµı׼ͬʲôбķǼȱķ𣿡
ķԵŵЦǣܰŮ۰ıķŮķһж࿪ģ㶼𣿡
Ե㲻Ҫ£ҲҪ㷽涼ԵȣΪʲžڲͬӾˣֻܣҲеԱԱõģ֤˼룬ҪǲԱӴ㣬ڼҵķŵֺеİԺֻķҲٵˡΪҶҼҼķӭͷ𣿡
һ൱ģ㡢ڵһæҵͻ㡢ԽҼЦӭͷ𣿡
Եĸ׵ʧ͸ҪҵϲģԸҹİˣҳ棬Ҽ䵱ҳĹˡ
߹Щ֪ҼǸĵĺŮȦˮںпȥңŵУܿ𣿵ʱҪôʱıҪôִԲ򡭾Ϣ³
ò˵һ̶Ƕսġ
ȰҼǣȰԵǡ
ԵüԽԽ
չ˼һһС񣬲жתƸҼҼϺСҼƽ
Ҽһ˵ڣȴҪΪ˰ȥԭҪ¡Ҽô洿ֻҪһһ죬Ͳ᲻ĸ׺ֶŮ
ΪҼЩʲôأ
ȥҼĸĻģȥҼģ
Ҳ
Ů̬ɶվһԵԵҲϣܿҸ뿴ڸߴ·ǹˣһȰС㡭
ȰˡԵõشĸ׵Ļٴһ£ҼǱķҵİˣϣٴԴǡģ޻˵Ҳ˵
ĸŮ̸ˣɢ
Եֻ¥˵ټ뿪ˡ

´ӤģҼŸŮʱ̲סཱུ
񻶷ЦôϲСҪҪԼһ
ҼϽѺظ
ѪƯԹӤֲ˶δĸİݶȶߡ
ȻǰĸİСҲС
ҼЦûأҪʲôӲӵģȥˡ
ҼҼооŮ۵ˡ
ں񻶼ҳ緹оо˯ˣҼŹ¥˳Լؼҳ¸ˡ
˵赭дҲʮƽȣֻǻؼҸ˱Լ̸ˣ˼ǣҪ˽һ
û򣿡ֿ
ûСҼ֣汻ˣȥô죬Ҳʲô˺ðɣ
ѽаɣԼţ˵ЩǺϢҾ˳⵱ˡ˺ӺҼϲǣҲˣԽԽĹ
Ҽ޻˵ӣʱҼҰҺޣﲻ£ĵĲĵĶ
ֽ
ҵҼһҹ֮ϳˡ
ٵ顢СŮҼ˵ЦȴһһŪҼģҲ͸ҼƤ֮µתˡ
ҲŮѺˣΪҸе˰ҼֺƵס񻶸첲ĩʱʶţ
⻹ࡣ
Ȼ࣬һͲˡ
ҼʽԵĩɲԼѳԷҲ˵ԼǺˡС󣬽ԵӦ̫࣬ĽԵͷνԵֻӦ˵
죬Ƕ˯һ𣬽ԵһҪϣ͸֪Ҽ
绰ҼʣҪȥ죿ҼҼգܻ𣿡
һĺڴһ١˵˵˳ҰΪҼģԵֵһ졣
Ҽ˽Եߡ֪Լ˳ӽԵȥΪԵ緹ýԵǰԵĶĲ͡
ʲôûֻӵߡ
Ǳߣ˵Ǹ
⼸սԵ룬ҼҪģָҼʲôҪģ
ǰҼڿǨʲôûΪҼİõĽҼİ
ʲôأ
ҼסļңҼĴҼϴ£ҼչСԼɣҼİ
Խ࣬Ұ֣Խ˵ڡ
ûµģ´ټǡҼڽԵ󾱣ɬԲڰңҼҵѣҲûʹ᲻᲻ڡ
Ҽ
Ůת˸򢣺زҲȥˣҳٸҼҼһաȥУУǴȥСϲĵط
ѲµԵĻҼ֪ԵǵȥǱ߻ᱻѡ
ǶȥҼҼ˫ʧԼͽԵͬʱʧҼҼҲýΪųˣҲ˵ˣǻһң̺ҼҼļˣȻҲҵļˡ㲻ᷴ˰ɣ
Ů˱տڲԣҼᵽ˵ܰԼǳˡ
µ˵ͣŮ˵Ĵױʣһܡ
û꣬С͵ش˽
Ů˼еȫߣֳ˫ſϣһί𣿡
ί
𣿡
ࡣ
ǡ𣿡
ġҼᰴŮ˺촽ֹʣֹģҸҰ㣬ҲԼֻ಻ҲŲ̸㣬ġ
ָӴ£һﵽٵÿһġ
Ů˫΢أϢȣж𣿡
ҼϲǾʱۿҼĿģҲܵҼĿġ
ֻ𣬻
ǹű˴˵Ļ֣ҲӦͬ뻶ͬڵǳࡣ
ΪҼԸŲȥ̽ೢԡϾǲſʼкܶʱͻᡣ
жأҼ򴽣ҳٸòã
еˣһһá
ζ㹻𡣴ҹİ죬ȥˣҼ
Ҽ죬Ѻүһ͵ˡ
ԷҼȴϰյó˵Ҫϸùúհһԡ
ԵزǰһҹƵͨиĸ׺ҼҼˡҲӦҼҼհһȥգϹùҲǴƵո衢򡢳Ե⣬Ҳʳԡ
˽Եı֤ҼΪЦһ𴲾к顣
Ҽ˰٣ȥǰѴӽԵǶ֪ҼҼѺүڡ⣬Ҳû
ʱڣýҼӴĸص˻ĸصĻ⣬ǶԽҼһֱ
㣬Ҽ塣
հ̣žͱ˹Сһһڡ
տ֣һһ˽ҼڣȴڱҼЦݽסǰһ벻ˡ硣


71 
к, Ҽ첽ܻؿһֻһߵżհ㿴ְ͸ҵա, 
Ҽŵ˵ֻżָвڼֻëӣУĶƤҪ
֮̾಻ʸУżмֵˡ
, УУһġҼҼԺҲë׵ˡ
ҼҲͽԵǷݣһҼҼϲĶְ, ҼҼ, ǹùúհٲ, ЩҪװġ
ллù, ллհ̡۴С, յϲƲסĵġ
߽ȥ֮Ҽүѽ˵ҼǽԵĺ, Ҫʱ˻
, ýˣҺҼʶġЦҼ, ǰҹ˾˺, ѾӴ, Ҳˡ
ôɰԾ
Ŀⲻɵض࿴˼ۡ
Ҫ֪Ҳʮˣʶ, һζû˵̸ʲôģĪǡ
Ҽౣ΢ЦǵỊ̇Сͽһҵļ׷
Ҳǹʱ䣬Сͱ˵ʲô׷ҷˣѵС㲻ѣȤ
С˵ЦˡܸС㽻ѣҵҡ
Ҽ翴òڣڳļ˫۾ٸаգҲޱԵ
ԵҪڣһỤΧû취ˣǶԽԵˡ
ԼŮѶѣ˵ùȥɣ
ԹɫǿҼ֮Сè塱²˿ֲͨͨ½ʶļҷϵ
ҼиǣûɵģԴ˲²еơ
λỊ̇Ҽ˷ܡգܵѡүķɫͯ綯Դ̣հְ̺ȥС
ѵü֣ڴһϣҲŵùûţȥɡ
ֶҼССգˡ
̾ͱǿˡҼҼҼСʲô̶ְòѽ
̣ǴҼҼȥˡҼҲ˹ȥ
СЩأҼóӡһСܿ˱·Ҽ
·ܿƽ˺١
Ҽڳ˫ַڷϣҮҲῪˡ
ңñҼ磬о˵綯ĹܡҼҲϵ˰ȫԹš
Ҳ֮һֱҼҼ̣հʲôʱ˼䣬֪㡣
ͣǡҼҼĸ׵ĺѣû⣬ҼҼúһġΪ˱һЩ˰̡һμ棬Լȥǧ㣬ҲԵ᲻ΪѣϾʱ㲻죬Ҳû˼˽
ԵҲƲѣֻ֪ԵغԭֵĿǧ㣬ôһĿֵܼ࣬²ԱƷĹӦҪԵԹʲŶԡ
Ҽһģһġ
ķ£ΪǰζĹע鰮޹أһ
ΪĹϵͬһ㡣
ôֻԼϲŮӵ¸߸ӸĹأԼѺö಻֮ڵֻܶ߸˺
ĲûҸܵȷʶȽͶԵͽѡ
Ҽά򶨣˵ҲϽһæýŲմأҸ˽ദʱҲ࣬ѵ¡ҸҼҼԵ֣԰ġҼҼϲͺ̸Ҵε绰һģ̺ͽܾ͸ˡ
ţһ۰ҼҼҲáǰ֮ңСͣжʱûҼˣҪһĳЩƬΡ
ÿǺߵҼȻǸͬġ
ȽҼǰЩ䣬Ҳͳ˰ְ衣
ٿʱҲ뵽ˡ
ҼҼѺүסسǣ/λ쵼ϥֻһŮҲֻҼҼһŮһΪĹȣǺҼҼ֪ҪҲ˼ǰǲӦû°ߡ
˵⸸ĸݣҼΪûͬ·ˡ
һǲ븸ĸΪȡ˴ǡ
ֻίԼ
Ŭ˵Լȥߡ·
ǰڻĽᣬǰˣߵ죬˷ǡ
ҼԼûص¶Ҳˣƽһ̶ˮ
ǶδʼĹֲǸĺûзʲôأ
Ϊõѣ簮⣬ҼͲκ˺ǵ
˵ܡ̡ԼŮָһŮ˹ҹ
ҪôֻµñҲᱻĭӸ
ʶҼ˿̵óĽǣٷ֮ʮĸʲ֪ʶ֪ΪʲôûͽҼôɵԵأ
ٷ֮ʮ̼併Ϊ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ҼɫҲ˼֡
ְ̡հ̣һת䡣ҼͷںˣҪԼת̣ԺҲҪ̺͹ùóȥ
ֻùụ́ңǰŽҼִתְ̣̺հ𣿻Ѻүأô˶۰ҼҼҼҼգҼҼɲƫŶ
ǳӺСôˡҼòԹӻ飬ǡԺһܴܴĳ·ִܵ󳵣Ϳ԰Ƕȥˡ
ţðҼҼˣҼҼȥˡ

ҼѺүĵˡ
ͣλܣҼҼҲ˵ҼҼյ⻹ûԣҼ϶ڼԷ
ҼҲ֪ҪһЩԵ죬ֻڽĻϣҼһϣԼй֮Ե
ҼԵϢмҪ˵
ҼҼյĻ硣ǹ˾¼׷絽˰Ǽ֪ȻԵ֡
ԵҼҼõѣ֮ǰܶΣӡܺã䡣
Ҽжܵȵ̿ѽ
Եʲôá
ҼǲǸҽǵĴ̫࣬Ҳһ
ҼϲĽܣ

ںĽԵԾ´ԼɣȴֲҼĴҼǡ
ԵǼϵǻˣԼһСʱԺ󿪻ҪƵϵҡ
Ҽϡ׼ʱ;ƽ
Ҽס
ԵɻɲǷɻغԭͣͬҰȥһпǧüŵĿ
غǱߵĿ˱ȻҲҪ鷹ָǽӷϴġ
ֱ⼸գҼٴŽԵԼõϽԵпˣٸ绰Ƶһġ̫۲˵ͷϢҼġ
Ҽʵûкܰġ
͵͵챣磬صǹĽԵ塣
Ҽ˵˽Եʱ䰲ź󣬶뿪
ǱߵҲʮ鱨˵Ҽ㣬ǸֿܷĳѾϳˡ
˸ллıҼֱߵĽҼգ۾ùҪ˵տ֣ǸùôƵȻԸյѽ
ţհ̿ùôƵҪùÿҵյ⡫
յǽ谴Ů뷨ıѩԵ⵰⣬滹аɯŮ
һ֪Ʒƣʮ־£ֻڿװĿlogoʱҼһ˲
Ժ決ʳҲҵꡣ
ӾԶļг룬Ҽɫָ糣ԵƵ롣
ƵͨԵһںӾͷܿҼͽҼŵſɰȴƣҲЦ⣺ҼҼտ֡
ллùã쿴ҵյ⣬ģƯƯҼȥյ⣬һߵæѵ
ǾͷˣҼŲԼҪʣҼԼİ
ãԵк
ţá
ԵЦҼı仯æְѾͷתԼתѽ뾵ͷУ̺أǸն꣬͵һҼҼոˡ
ȥصơ
׼õĴ򡣡
ڵ֡3򱻵ףտ֡ĸ𣬽ҼҲҡͷԵظų
ҼҼҼԸСһ˿ˣ˫ֺʮϣùԺÿ춼Цϣùáհְ̻ܾϣҿ쳤󣬾̺ܿȥööطˡ
ıԸʵ֡ҼڽҼһڣСԴɡ
ĵҼֻôҸԵ˵ټ
Ƶ˽ʮӣͽԵĸŮûԷ˵һ仰ƵŮ¶飬ҼͽҼֹסЦոŮִ
һ൱ģ㡢ڵһæҵͻ㡢ԽҼЦӭͷ
ǰһˣľñҼŵ־Ϊʲô
Ϊν棿Ϊسµһ֮˽
ҼҼҪʲôļңԵҪʲôļңûʹǵ뷨ҲûйĹ
ǼֲȱǮȱģһܰѼұøҵ
ΪʲôͲǡҼأ


72 
ֵһſ, ƵչҶϣԵͷϢлл
ҼľǽԵ˵л˵лл, ˼ǵöҼ¡
Եá
ԵҲǵòôû顣
Ϊܹû棬˽Ҳ޽ԽԵǰѹûͬǷȥ롣ոմӾͷ﷢翴Ҽ񲻶Ծ⣬ûɵĽ
ļѰйĻ棬Լĸ׸ᵽйһЩ¡
ȡͬҼôõŮӣϲҲ
ٷ, òĹã곤Ҽ꣬Ҽļ׷, ˻кܶ潻Ļᡣ
ġԵ֡, ԼҼһ
Ҽ, һ֪ء
Ե
Ҽ, , ˡ˹ıҪӴԶԶģֶһ£
ھƽǴ, ԵǰһˣԵ׶᲻, ðѴιԵأȻǰԵлֱ˵ӡ
һܼ֮ٺܶ಻Ҫᡣ
˵Լ̹̹, Ų¹ҵ, ֱͦ
̸, ľҲߡ
Ե䲻ʮʵʵԵ㱨ճ, ͲýԵʹŮѵȨܹء
ͷû˹ܾû˰
ûʽԵһ䰮ˣĲĴ𰸡ϸ֦ĩзֲܽԵġ
Ǳ̤·֮ܵĻҪʵġ顱
ǰδе㡣
Ҽ͵ŸŮ죬ϽˣǼϴСˣԵҹܲСҹܲˣСأ㿴ҼҼˣǰ˵ҲҪŮҼҼ飬⼸Ҳ㽻ѡôãôһֱأǹ̫æȦ̫ޣҪ̰ܽܰɣ۲ɢҲСڣύЩѣҲԼᣬһǵġ
Ҽһ⡣ôĸŮͬʱû¶ˣ
ֻȥ磬Ȼһ󵨵ͷð˳
ĪҲǵͬˣϲ⣿Ϊ֪ⲻܳŮ̸ѡĬĬ飿
ΪǽԵɩָŮȡҼͺ׺ܹѪˡ
ͷӦ飬ǲǡ湷Ѫ
̣лĺˡίҼҲģ½½һЩ׶󣬵ܱ˴˿ĵʵڵһڽӴദɡлŮ£ͶҽɲС˵԰ɣСգ
²ؼҼĪcueЦţС˵öԣǵ֮Ҳ˵еɫ˵Ľ׶ΣҲԼᡣ
߶
û纰Сա籾ʹ꣬ǡ׷ְ֡ƺСաοոǾԵЦɷ֡
䡰ЦˡΡɡ
ãҼϵӡ
СҲ˵ߵýôкϢ𣿡
ٴαҼͦͦŽʮ㣺Уеģһ̸

ԵƵʱûڸʻƵҲңԶһܰ
ûʹҼͽֹϵѾ϶ҿ϶еˣȻҼҲö֮ȥܼСˡ
ǿǼ˼ҳĽȰ
ԵƵû꣬Ͱظӽ˺Ϣ
ӽһԼұ㶼ȥĸСˣǽһת־ָȥ绰˵Ҫ벻̥ͨʮСްҪȥ赱Ůˡ
裬˭˭䣬˭˭ûŮ
绰ԥҪҪҼǲǱŮѼˡ
ҼƬŮѼҵСֶŮգɰɣ
Ƭĵġ
ƬϵҼͽҼһģյ󷽡
ԵļͥҼȰĸʱҲ϶˵ˡ
ԭȻøһҪչСλ᲻̫Ϊˣ˵Է︻ԣȱǮСҪѵԶֹǮһ
ȻƬֵǱɢࡣ
ЦúܿģЦҼСһϲСһҼҲһǼϲŻ
˵۾۾еǹ˸
ɰ
Ҽǿ϶ôƯС
Ҽ㣬ĺܹԺܶ£Եۡ㿴͸ùúҵĻϲ
СӵĻ滭ƷҲһֱķʽ;
ӻ￴СһԹùúհ̵İҲǵ
ûиĸСӣΪĸ׵
߳䣬ĸһڿӡ
̾һ˹ȥ
ʮӺ󣬲ָҼϢϴ˵ĶľͶԼﲻܲҲؼˡϢҿҲͦϲƬСġ

ҼƵԵڳķɣ˯ˡ
ʻƵ꣬ѵܣˡ
ۣͷֻ
ԻһƬܿؼĴɰСɰѽ
Եıֻ쿴ˣȴ֪ĽܲڷϢƬ˭ĵģ
ҼС㡣
Ҽҵֻĵģ
Եš
ҼģǶģ޶ģ
Եԡ
һǰһִƵ꣬ҰվڴȽԵСʱķ֣ҽһ˸ʶ˵ýջ񡣡
ԵͷӦ£ûģȥǰ̨ǼǺͺ¥ˡ
ķͽԵͬһ㣬͵Ե䣬¥Լķˡ
СʱϢʱ䣬Ե·ױȻǰκз
Ӿƽһֱ룬òҼһʲô̳·
ҼģҼǶԶһĳ⺬
յҼһܿİɣ
ܣʱˣȥˡʮӹȥšγ˽Եرøȥ⣬ԵȥĶӰĸš
Եţţ߰ɡ
һķϣ֪ΪΣԵЩ
ҰܸʶģǵȫĳƷƵϰ塣һһֱڳﻮеĲԣԵ̸ܽɣǶǧ㡢ǧü˵Ҳش塣
ڳμ棬ԷͽԵ׼˫δֳǿĿԡ
Ұһʼû˵Ҫܵ˭ҲǸԼءʶҪôǢǵˡ
飬ǸԵˡ
ӷϻԵƣؿɳϢ
ǰЩµӦ֣ԽսĺԽܼĶ־ɽŵĶǼ硣Ҽˡ
ȻϢĶĸ죬ǳҰ
ôʲô𣿡
ȥ˵𣿡

γԵԲ˳Ұ϶ĳʾã춼ˡ
Ұɳ˶˵ˣ
ǡ
ԼĪǹ˶һŰиҰˣ˶ҲԱ˽¶˵ɴ˿ɼ˶ûаѸĺñ˸Ҫ
ԷǡʲôˣԵüҰ˵ôʰɣȣҲҶкøУֻ֪֪ˣ޶⡣
ɽԵӳҰϿλߵ԰ʧȵĶλߵӡ
ɣҰѾˣΪûֱԽǿߣԲ̽
лܵĺ⣬һ˶㱨ʾǷҪչƻԵӦԣҵһ룬һ޶ͨõġ
ءأ
Ұ˳϶ЩƣžƾҽԵɲΪ̸ԵҲҪǵĸ飬룬ⱲӲԶֻϲͬһ˶԰ɣӦҲֻϲһɣûԹѾҳϺ/ֿܷһּµĿУԸ»ݻֱ˴һС
νԸĿŹϵԭǳҰô굥ŵԭ
ƮɢǴӷִľζԵ۱Ӹ¿Ǹ̸²ˣʱ˿ȴ˵˶ĵۡ
Ұһ˵ʱȴǺں
ӭ˫ǲ˵֮/۾ԵЦһţˡľƺʧԣҿԵʲôû̫ˣذɡ
ҰҲҡͷЦˡ
վſȥȷˡ˵ĻҲȫպڹҪæ֮ĳʱ
û´ˡ
ӴˣʲôС
ҰǵһΪ۽ˣȨǵ/ɫ/׺廨ŵжţֻǴӲС
ףǽԵĵߣοҲϱҼɥ֮¡
ţ򿪿յ͸磬Եֻˡ
վڴߣҼ棬ͼƬ󣬽Ϊǰ챳
ſɰĻϣԺЩ
Եȥ𣿡
ʮˣ˵ҼڱôûյҼ˵ؼ˵ϢҲҪȷϣźô绰ƵŮ˵˵黰Ƽ¡
˻ûӦֻϵ磬ԡϴ衣
ʱϢ
ҼˡҼҼһһϣۣҽҪ˯ˡ
ҼҲҹˣ
Ҽ㣬㡫
ҼҽûίֻпġóԣҲóԡ
յһϢʱѹʮӣԵѹͷʧ䣬֣
ҼԽԽ벻Ҽˡ
ֻ˯ȹ˸£һ¶Ƚ20档
¶ȵ26棬˼ۣʼһϵճĻ
Һû꣬ϵֻʾ
ĻϵġŮʿҹĸ׻Ҽյִ£˵εĲ䡣
ϾҼҼһԽģ̾Խġ
Եᣬ䣺ι
绰ͷžͨʱˣֻСˡ


73 
Ե, ҼŮڼ䣬ŮԽ, Խζ
ŮģҲÿĲŶԣһ뵽ŮĵŮġͬˡںһſɬҩ迨ںϲµô
û꣬Ҽһ˫С־մյϵ, ƤĨҼҲ֡
׷ֵĻЦֻˡ
һСΧ쳣ܰ, 㱼ΪǾǽԵҼҼҼڹһڵӡ
Ҽô庢, ҼҼչˣ˵ԺܿĿֵĳɳأ
ܸԵ, ܸҼ, Ҽܸ
, Ҳܳã
д棬֪е, ۽Եϲ˻ŮˣδȻڶŮĻ, һĸӦ
һС֮æŽҼ, Ѱ˸Եȥͷ, Ҽ¥
Ҽĸʷ, Ҫ
ҼķߣҲҪ̽һ̽
ֻûȵ, ²ȵʹ򻬣¥ˤ
ҵҼһѣʧȥԵˣҼ
¥ֻߵһ룬ߣҼ˵˵زأ˵᲻ᡣ
ֱۺвˣҼѾʣûˡ
Ҳ۵һʹࡣ
һʱȥҽԺ磬ҼҼú˵ַҲȥˡ
ҽ˵Ҽ˲סԺҲûʲôַλǰ۵̶ֻҪм˰տ϶ע⣬ҽпƣҼȬ
ѾڣҼһסûܿ
ҪӣϾ/ѸҲڴԶѰй
¶ûӰǹȥأðΪĲТʷҪһˡ
ҼˣǹϣڽԥҪҪȥǶסʱͿ˵סҽԺлʿտһٽ
ûýھΣӶЮͼ
Լ˲ˤģֱģýȱԵ˵ȽԵæҪ»ƶòŵ첲ˡ
ʱٸԵͣ·ϿĿģ˭ܵСء
ҽȷҼ岢޴󰭣һҹҼģѽͻ˼ҡ
ؼҺ󣬽ҼѾ˯ˡ
˵ҼҼһֱڵ̣հ˵زأҽûκհ̣ҲȥҽԺհ̡
˼һǸԵ˵绰ҼĿһؽʱţҲҼͼӴװһˤС»ȥԵֻǲŽԵºŵ֪Ҽ˺󣬲Թ
ϲ˵ﲻǺޡ
˵ҼܵˣŽҼ¥ʰٰѿҲϸϸɨˣȻͲ˲ȵ¥ϵ͡
ҼʱĵһӦץְס壬ҼҲˤȥ̸ֺأ
ϸƤһŮӣ˼ܲʹ
ҼϣʹֺֹҼһˣҼļˣҼѣԵҼǶΪҼʹеۡ
ҲΪĸģԵҼĸҷˣһ㶼٣Ҳһۡ
Щһ͵Ĺؼڣ˵ģʧ˳⡣
˵׵ġͨ绰ҼˡơסԺһһʮԵװס
͸أԵоϣҲӦɽԵԼϡҲĸеĶԶŮСĽ

ҽԺζ˺
Ҽϴνǽǰ
Ŷԡ
Ǽǰա
ҲԣӦǽԵŤ˽գ
ǲԡ
ͽԵȥҽԺû
Ҳûˤ𵴣ôӾͲʹأ
һ˵ʶвҪסԺĳ̶ȣҼԼļУҲûҽԺס
ס䲡˼ģһŲһСȹ۵СŮ㻤̡λʮĻڽļ֮£ͨʿܣʱġ
Ϩʱʮ㣬Ϩƺ󣬸ڴ̾ͺŮ˯ˡ
ô磬Ҳ˯ţСŮڴϷȥһ˵ȡ
Ե˼ϢҼˡǰֹʹҩĿǰҩЧڣʹûôǿϻĸоȴΪԡ
Ҳ֪ǲá
һûòǺֵϵǵ˲ϣҲŲѿİ̺ۡ
ԺУϵֻ΢Ƶʾ
˵ֱֻ֣ߣԼá
Ƶ˭ҼˣҲǣҲǡ
룬ȾܽˣϢ¡
ʱҲ㻤ߵѯʣСҪæҿ԰ѴһЩġ
ŲмиҼڿߣСŮڿǱߡûзȥˡ
Ͼ˽˿ռ䣬ҹӴ绰ǱܿΪˡ
Ե֪ҽԺƵҿ㡣
ҼãϣҸ򡣡
Եô֪ˣ
ǽ裿
磿
ҺֳãǷָ֣Ҳֲֻ൱
鷳ɣȥظ绰
õģСġҼ˸ƫһĽ䣬Ӱ쵽Ϣ
Ҽǽ˦˦Դ˳˳ͷ۾ֻվӣԼһ
Ƶͨ
һԵͷĵЦۡ
ԡԵȴ˿ˣɫأ˵תҿǱߵˡ
Ҽ˵ŽԵŶ
ֻĸߵԶذ˴Եĩ˱ߣҶ˳ˣ㻹ңǸҺ𣿡
˶ҵˣֵֵۣҺ𣿡
Ҽ򴽰Ҳˣ۰Ͱ͵ضŽԵ
Ȼ֪ýԵҲǸزľ
ȽԵرϴٱ˺塣
㣬ֻܽԵĵĻױС
˾𣿡
û
һ֪ͨȥȡҲֻһŶӲкüΪ쵼ֵǽҲǵְڡ
ţ̫˾û˵һҾ͸٣źùĵҲǧѮĿˡ
˵ĲӣԶ̰칫Ҳǲԡ˻ָҪ£ǻָõԴܲɣ
оָͦġ
˯ЩʳӱǿȻ˻ûΡ
ţ֪
ҲųԺٹ۲쿴ҽô˵ģҪҡ
ţá
ҼԵýԵûаƢʼûҼ۲ɵ۵ģȱʧĻˡ
ǰ̸˵𣿡
ȻأΪ˭𣿡

Ҹ죬Ҳûϵʽһ磬ԵֱˣܣҵǿҵΧ㣬ֻмӵŮ׷塣
᣺׷࣬Ůֻ࣬һҪ˵ٻ
ƶˡ
˲ʮӣԵȥϢ˵ˡ
Ҽһٶʮģ֤ԼԻʵʵˣȡտ

磬ڽӵҼ绰ȸҽԺдĸ飬Ůоо
ڴŮƳȥɹ糿̫ˣҼĻߡˡ
סԺˣҲòˡ
ˣλµسæ㽻¶ˣ˼ˮпװУֲ˼ǩҼԼ֡
꣬С㣬ô˵ֲǶϸ첲ȣѾʾ͸Ťʲ࣬ƽľһͺˣС
Ǻǣ𣿡ҪȥҼ磬Ұ󰴰
𰡣Ҽŵ㣬ߵʹأôѽ۸һ˲ʿ֪ҲңͲˡԼҲܻȥ
ңҲһȣ
񻶣ˣĳˣ
ǣĳ
ڴ֣һٵĸ߸ЬԽԽ
ȥűߵϴϴʱɺͣſڵĽԵ˸档
ǣûüҼ״̬ĽԵͱ˳ȥ
ǰȴƲ۵ĴŮԲλ࣬ҲͦصСû̫
ԵҲϻѣ񻶺Сɣ
ǣû뵽ǻҽԺ档
ԽԵ˵е⣬ٳû棬֮ҼôάԵһЩЩˡ
ĩûԼҺܱǸҼõѣ׿ٵһǸӡ
ǰ½ҹᡣ
񻶺ˮ֣µԵж฻㣬ϣĸһ𣬳ҵϵŮǿˣһõˡҼһϣͻسרһˣǧҪû֮ǰҪĸ顣ڹϽжȺǣڸһǰɵҲִšܣҵ˼ɣ
˵𣿡

СҪչˣȻȥҡ
㣬죬ģԼ֣ŮˡҲ̫Ҫˡ
񻶵Ȼû˦ˣͽԵһǰһ߻ز
˵Ƥ֪ʲô̺ʣ㣬ɣ䲻ʲôò绨ƷʣҲȲŮ¡ȱرͿģԽԽϲ
ź񻶵ĻԵĿбӣ۾򲡴ϱſڵҼ˵ۡ
գæʲôأȿȡ񻶸ʾ
ڻعϢ
Ҽ˵ŻͷͼԵࡣ
ԵȻˣ
Ҳû˵
˶ͻϮϲˣ
ֱ°ͱסҶ˶Ե˵Ҳû£޸


74 
ԭŮѵͻȻֻİ͵Ҽ, Ů˵ݣ°ͶҪˣǰɣĻ𣿡
˵ϱ߻, Ҳװ׾ϲҪ࣬϶ѹ
ֵϾͲ˽Եһأٻݾ֮ˡ
˵Եһ˹֡һҲԺÿγǰҪĲһ覸ʲôģ۰
תһ룬ԵǶء
𣿡Ե, ˵Ҽ硣
ҼͷҡͷֻתסԵ, ЦкöǮ, ȥݰɡ
Եϰʲô
Ȼ, ϲϲģҼϳβ, ˿һֻȵĳȮ, ܶ𣿡
ţ⡣
ȥҲ󡭡
󡣡
񻶿Ŀ, ⷿɲֹӰⷿﻹ˰
һƨ㻤ϣǶ˻ʲô˵ľٶ
, ̾ˡ
Ҽ˽Եߣ־ûſ, ˵š
⼸ûԺ˯ˡŽԵСһȦ, ۵Ҳڵľɫ, ҼΪۡ
ÿ⣬ûԺ, ǳˡ
ǼĲ˸θڰɣҸ첲ˣŻóԲġ
á
Եڸ첲ϵĲ˳鿴ûбճۼ
Ե˾ٵͼҼתתӣѾҽԺ䱸õһˣҲ˲Ƥ
ţӦûиòʵģʣ㻻
ŮѵҼůůġŮѽҲһǧ겻ıɽˡ
ǽ߰صڣҲ͡
ζ
ģҲˡ
˶̸˵Ŀеˡ
˺һſڴһǴġհ̡
һɫȹСŮܽ˵ҼͽԵм䣺ùãôû磿հ̣㻹𣿡
ҼҼŵֱֲ̧ۣҸհ̴Ͳˡ
ţհ̲ˣллҼҼͷģհ̺ܿͻõġհ̺ˣùùô㵽Сè
Ҳݣһӡ֡ͷ
̴кҼ񻶣Ҳ¥ˣܣҼ㡣
죿Ҽˡôôˣ
ѳˡ
춨˽ĺ࣬غֱҽԺȥң˳㿪ýҼԺҼĳͣڱǱߣûԿףҪȻȥҼĳˡ
Сսļ鶼𣿡⻰Ҽ̵ְݹıͰŹϣһȥĹͷ嵭СˡҪǼû꣬ԣ÷СҪˣʹؼȥԡ
лл̡ҼԵֻͷ𻰣˼飬ҲʹҽˣĸλܳɹҲûйѣʱԳԺ
һչ
Ե԰գɨɨҼĴ̺͹棬һҲûʲôҪʰ̶죬鷳ȥһҼĹܴʿ
õĽܡ
Եûչ˹ˣҼˣϸҽ
ʿ˽Ҽ鼰ע󣬱Ϊ˳Ժ
һȺ˸߳һ̽ġ
ˮ翴Ҽԡ󡱵ˣҲʵһСǡԺؼң
̰ൽҽԺԭҼؼšϵ͸˵绰˵
ں֮ߵģҼ˵򳵻ؼ֮ģҲתˡ
ֹ֣սս
ǰллСĹġҼ˵ùٷЦÿСˣؼͺˡ
죬鷳СˡԵվҼ˵Ҳ࣬˵ʱַ̧ҼֻһҼһ顣
ͥڵģԵȻôǵΪҼһʱеԲϾͺǺ󷽰
Եȫ
Ҳǰ¶ǵʵϵ
Ҹ첲ţǰӦҲܺؿԵִԼ䡣
Ҽֱߣ֣ԽҲߡ
ȻĿҼ˽ԵǸʾȨĶԵ˼
鷳֮͡ҺҼҲʶﻥཻѡ
Цְ֪ŮĻﲻ䲻ִλë
лҪлģҼ˺ˣǸСԷ
æǰæؽˡ뻤ҲԵϸ˵ˡԽԵĸлȻĵġ
ллԼŮѵԼˡ
ԣǰʾҼǱѰĹϵ
ϾֻҼ׽ˣʸͳԷõĻѰζġǡ֡
ðǳǳЦٶԡ
ԼٶֳһҼĹģҪԵΪΣˡ
ӽǶ˲ٽԵٵĹ¼ӲӲռϷ磬Ҳɲء
֤£нۡ
ٲͽ˵ĸ飬ǲʶȤˡ

оա뿪ҽԺ츺𿪳񻶸ҼöҼèںŽԵ䣬ض§§³¥
ǽԵԼĿ֮ȶֵģررԲԵ顣
˾ʹóǣ򳵻ؼҡԵȥȡʱͷŽԵˡ
ؼ;̣סûѽྵȳġǡӽࡣ
Ҽڽܼ˵¿ɴС˵ȥҼļǱҪ롣¶ҼԼ˵߲˵
ĳЩˣϱ˹ۣҼûĵļһһţ񻶾ͰѶӵϡ
̽ͷ̽ԵУУһëһ¾ܽҶˡ
ҼҺӡǿа궼ûˡ
è䲻ȹӣ˶ܴҡβ͡
ߡһ뵽ҼԵյһƨϣ֪ۺӣ֪ǰɣҿҲûˣʱŮңڼԼĺӡ
ôһԷɴ׵ģ
Ҽ˵ʲôأ˺˾͸ӡооҲŮҶãܲԴװɣ
񻶰һۣңû̻ʲôӣվ˵ۣ֪û˵
Ҽҭÿ˵ˣǺУ̣ǲһ˵µļҳ緶ҿûС
ճ֮죬ͱԵһ£ú˵
̵̲ģ˶ûš
ӴһҼӣίͰ͵ص֮ˣǵûаģ˵Ұô۸ң
񻶼ԵûҼסˣ˭Nɪã
û۸㡣ԵοԵʲôʶӵ㹤СҲһ緹ɣλ̳ղҼ֮ʱһҶΪźá
ԵһϯʶŴ졣
ݺҲ⡣
Ҽ첲ˣȻ˷ԵһǧСӣҲǻˡܲɣ
ǳ֪ˣ˼ҽеǽǮͰ취òġ
գԵ΢Ůѣúɡ˫˼·緹أҲˡҼ㣬ҲġҾͲǵĶ磬ؼ̺ȥ˰
Ҽ
Եã´Լʱ䡣Ͳ㵽¥ˣСߡ
ǣ˽Ե
Сʱദ񻶾ʹȴϸŮˣССĺˣҲԸһ񻶻򻶻˳һЩ
ҼСϱƵĸڽԵ࣬͵͵ͷģˡ
ҲǣнԵһŮѣ˭⣿
ˣ绰ɣԺٲ˽ӴűߣפԽԵ˵
Եףֻ롣
߳ſڣеǰδеɣǿնΪԼҹŮҵֵиİ£ٲõˡ
ֻʣˣҼͷƵڽԵϣǣ˵ûҪҼµġ
ԵֵҼϣֹҼ磬˳⣬һ£±Ǵˡ
ǻ񫣬ڸҼǹ󣬽Ե׵¡
ѶҼ۶עУеƿȨԽԽǼҼǵߵ
ЩҼġ
ѧãѧͳͳõҼʦϰˡ
ðң㣬Ŀ϶Ҽϴûϴġһϴòá
Ůѵ󣬽ԵӦʣһϴüأ̸Ϻˡ
Ȼǵ͹ŮѲĥ˵ı£Ҳ߹ԼŮѹõĵֿ
ͷϴӳϴ꣬˵Ⱦ˺ɫ
ңҼױ̨ǰİϣ̱ͷԱڴߵĽԵ
Եܿ˵ĲλҪ²ҩС
Ҽ껤ԵԼͿĨƷĨĨţʧˡ
⧲Ƶĳ˵ˣֲܷ
Ҽһְֻĵ¶ȣԼ뼡֮ңȺ̵Ǳ˿֮£ǼǰŽӹһٵı߾Ҫ
΢΢ſȥץҼ󣺡ˡ
ˣôѵ𣿡ҼǣҲҲԵģֲû


75 
ɫǻ, ҲСʤ»飬˴ڵϴ˼Ҿӷ
ԵԼ, ҼȰҵĹͷˣԼԷ绰ŹϢļȡ
ҼʽԵôˣҰǱ㲻𣿻᲻ᵢ̸ĶԽӹԵǲҪɺջˮˣ
һ磬˵עûھϡ
Ҽֱͦͦؿ, ýԵϣְĦͷƣ͡
˵ԵΪͷĹϻ, ϲ, ˽ԵĴ£Ҳв
Ǻ簡, ͬСɡ
Եʮܵر, ĳ˵۶
ȥ, ʵͽ崿˵ҼʲôջˮҼתԣﵽⶼ/, ѧѧݵĺ꾫ˡ
ջˮֻǵ𣿴̫˵㲻㣿
뵽˲, ǲϾ˲յýԵչ̡
/, ԼŲױ̨
պԼʲôʱ˲֪߳ܡ˵, Ҽǰز
, Դŭ֪֮ͺá

ҼеˣϵĶҲͣ, תȥԵ֣ǸԲҳϣû˵ıҵĻΪǹңĲΪ̽᲻ΪҶǰЩ㶼ҰһҡҺԿ
ʲôԵҼü΢
Ŀ
Ϊ˱ԵԼԽ˵Խŵĳ˾̹״ӿ
ץŽԵ֣ҳԴףҰҪǸҲͰˣǸαӡ㶼֪ҿҿ֮󣬻֣Ǳ/̬
ǴڽԵҳײһĻﵽ졣Ұӡ̫/̫/åˣҰּĴУ½Եһľͻᱻֻ
ƫƫҪԵֲòҰԽôã޳ĪÿԵϵŲ
ۣҡԵŵָҼĶ䣬š
ҼۣʣĴοģʲôʱʲôص㣿
ŶڽˣҼһüҲǣ·󣬰̽ȥңҼҼǴΡ̺߰ҼҼǣҾͽ˳ؼ㱧ҵģͿҰĳ
£ԵȻǵá
ҼӪĸҰǸȥϴ·ٵϸ绰һҪҼҼ˵յˡ
ټûģҼ/衣
ǰôû֣ôװЦЦסҼĶĦɣᣬû
װԩңͿҼŽԵĳ磬ͷȥίġ
ԵȻ֪Ҽί
ֱ̧סҼԼҲ䣬ָķ䣬Ц˾
ԴӲʱصҼûûûûҹؿ˴ϻ󣬼ҼУԵֻԼԼҼҲҼˡ
ϲǣһֻǶ˵ֻǵȫĵط׸˴ˡ
һŽ̡
ΨҼԵлϲԣߵݷ档
һһһ˫ˡ
ǰδģʵ
Եлͱһ£û㹤𣿽ܡ
šƫƫͷֿƣҼĺףĬҼôߵΣҲҰˣǧøĺҲиˡ
ҰȷҼ˵ı/̬ҼԼţһ뵽뵽׵ۣͶġ
ԼСŮֹ˳űŶʡ

£Ҽֻʱ˵ˣṩҽԺߵ֤£ٴٿ۵㹤ʡ
˺⣬ѣһû˵
סһԺᣬڼ˯ԼĴж仹ܽİΣֻƽ˯ҲǼõҹ
Ե磬÷ֱȥ˾Ӫһˡ
緹λģԵѾԼܵһͣر֤ҼӪλ
ŵ࣬Եš
Ҳʱȥ緹Ƕ֮ǰеĹҼǰʱ䶨һ㡣
ڵʮ㣬Ҽȴ򿪵Բ鿴ͬ·ķԼ˲޸
һ˾ֺõģֲ㼶С쵼
϶±Ĺ϶»Ҫ塣
Сʱæһ磬ȥĵ绰˹оôԷôģҼҼסַȵȡ
Ůѵĸסַ˵
˵ַ󣬽Ҳû˵ĸʱҼҼѰһ죬˲ֽӵĵ绰˵ˡ
ҼƺţĶûжãָԵȥϢ̺ҼҼˡ
ջ֪Եæ;ǽԵϢŻظļ䡣
ԵصüʱĲˣææҲæˣܿȥ
Ҽţ̫ˣ̺ҼҼңҲҲǿҶġ
ΪҪҼص˺񻶽ͱˡ
񻶿ºͺ˵ʵܻһ衰ˣ֪Լð˭
ʱ䶨ߵ㡣
Եʱﷹ磬˶ˡ
İʰóΧȹߵűߣԣϴ
ţˡ
ķΧһͣŮϴֳһԵˣҼͿĵܹȥ֡
ùãԷ
ҼĻ˲ǰոһֱڸԵ۾ƽ
ͷԵϢأЦһЦmua
ҼˣҼԹԵظһߡ
ԵҼֱߣвʢ֮ģҼӺͲӳԷ
ϾƲӣÿӻǹѶˡ
ûãԵֻˡ
ֻڰصĹϡ
绰ǹ˶ġ
ͷҪ˵£ԵӦ˼䡰šá֮ģ͹ˡ
˶˳㱨
ĺճ벻ɣˡ
زԵ˳ֵ΢š
ҼϢ
Ҽƫͷ鼱ǡƳֻĻϵĶԻ򱳾ȻǡͽҼĺӰ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ҪǰڽҼҼڣĻŭŵҼҪŽԵˡ
Իû˳ԵͰϢֱֻߡ
ҼˣǾû
ҵĵǽҼùãܸܲհסÿ춼СèǺÿɰУᷢ๾
УУݶİ˵ľѡԵģҼҲڡֻ˶ʮӣǾӦˡ
ҼѸѾõĶèøҼСһֻëӾˡ
ԵǰһͷҼĵҲǽעǹҼ˵
ĿڷûôˣҼҲ֪޲޲ˡ
ڻŶҼȽӻ½Եھܾ̫Ӳ˽Ҽġ
ʲôʱſԣ
հ̵˺ˣҼҼ͹ùó˲ŶȻùüҪϰ࣬Ҫհ̵ʳӣҪչҼҼĻ̫æˣۻġҼҼҲùۻɣ
룬ҲۻùãùҲˡҼҼĻհҪúóԷú˯Ŷ
ԵɳĬԣרעҼˣиҼĶײ͵ġ
бҼСĲ滵˵ĲˣҲἰʱߣŽԼ
ǹĸ׿ǶٷǾôԵģιҼ˼Ρ
ҼСûһ˰׷һЩ˾ͱˣ׿Ϻ󣬾ȥУУˡ
ҼĿڿҼǱߵļ϶ͣ˼룬ԵʣҪԼ𣿡
Ҽæͷ
ʱӵһˣĲ࣬Ҽһ룬һ롣
Ե쳤첲˵ߣǹãʣҲ࣬ûҨûˣֱӳ԰ɡܳ𣿡
ܡҼѷŲЩڵضСʱϾͰûʢֻ͡ͺʹлҲϲˡ
ϲԣԺȻ⻰ҲҼġ
һ䡰ллѿڶ˶ˡ
֪ĳˣͶѸǺ졣ʹԴֱҿͽԵĸŮԵı顣
޲ð
ֱұ߶ϴĴУԼмд԰ɣ˿ڸвá
Ҽͷż迴Ŷˣпࡣ
ŮʱôǼû˳ԵԵеĲˣҼҼԷҲ̣ԵڲϹҼҼṲĲˣԼǾֹˡ
ľѳۣôȰҲ޼¡ǰԧĶˣȫŮĸס
ܺùʣŮĿɳ𣬰ŮΨһĹùҲƳ֧ļҰɣ
Ӽᶨضһھƽʱ𣬽ԵԼһƿص˵ġ
Եİ£ҲɽԵԼҡԼѡԼ
ҼҺûпĴ߶Ҽ׷ֻè⼸䶼ܱˣҪʱעҼİȫԷײҲŰѼ䶼ιۡˡ
ڿҼҹŵĻͰŵʱҼ󺰡
̣Һ͹ùáհ̵Ƭհ̵ĻҲҪƬѼĻ
ŸҼ绰Ҳû˵ҪĲãʱȥŪġ
ҼҼĺվſڣӦҼ´μƬ͸ҲӦҼϲĻûװŽҼˣʡ
꣬ĸ׽գԵʱ͸Ҽᵽհ˻£ҼƬ
µҲɷϵǣҼԵͽҼģֻСġô򵥡
Ҽǵļұܰгζˡ
ҲҼʲôؽԵͽҼͶΪܹˡȣôױҼ̫ůˡ
˼вҪ̫أ
ͻˣԴϲ£ֺαٿܣ
Եи²ˡ˵ҼҼ·Ҫ׶԰ҿ˺üȥһԶ»ҲģҺ̻ѧֻһЩպӻҪ档УϣÿǶסһ
ҼУ̨ʱСèԴ
ԺҼӡ
ŤͷȥԵֻԼֵŶˡ
Ե˼״˻ҲתͷҼѯҼ
᲻żһС᲻żţ᲻⣬ŶʮͳΪһС׽ļ໤֮һ
ǣ迴˵ĹǣٴγСյ£ҾͲˡСգҼҼպҪտˡ
ϲѶ̫ͻȻͬͽԵһ
ҼֿԵЩͷԵӦ̣ҿԵġ
ʲô
شǰѽˡ
һԵĽԵҲûҼõĶȥһʱҲûӦĸ׵˼Ҽһ˰ġ
ţҼҼĶ׶԰ɡżҼμѧУ֯ӻʲôģȾ׼ˡ
οҼˣȫûԴӵĽָܶࡣ
Ů˿ڣҲ̤ʵˣҺϲˡлһġ
˵ģĸ׽սԵȥҼŴ򿪿ˡҼԵѡһϵΣǳʺϽεŮˡ
ϲͺáϾǽһرƯҼһ
ܲ𣿹˽أͽԵںԭͼ˳۵ͬˡ
ִ˻̿ӽͽҼ
ҼŽԵһһС⡣ٷؼʱֲˡ
ŽԵǱ˵֪ˤһðңһȥ͸ˤΪϣʡȥЩӵĵڼͥѹҪˡ
ҿû¡
ʵ㲻ҪңҸΪҶĸŮѡԵѹɳԼڽԵϣֻסԵıŽԵıǼ⡣
ҵĵӲʧȥʲôٻʲôӵиࡣδ㽫ӵеģֻǰڶܶܶࡣ
Ҽ黰ԵĿ΢ȣۿҲʪ
˵Ҽɿ黰ֻܷҼͷǣж˵⡣
ҼģѾˡ
ֻһҼܵȥʮӵеС
ãһ֣ҼɵЦŮѵıˡǼҲˡ
ԵƤûɫ/Ļûš
ֺƣȥ
ޡҼȽԵأҲԼѽԵѹˡ
ϣ˹Եָֻֻڲ輸ϣֻԵ
Եһ˹ŵָû鿪΢ǰ㣬쳤ֻø
֣Ҽ¾Ͱ΢챳óϲϦµǧһա
ױƵĸԵܵѧŶ

Ե칫˾Ŀͷܣ˺üᣬһֱæˡ
Ҽ֪麣ϼܺǻ򼸸ĿĩӰ࣬Ҳ޷İõظԵˣ˵԰ǳ⣬߹弸ʡ
Ϊ˵ҼһϴԵûƲԼȥϴҼڿҡ
ױ̨һƣסôˣԵŵ˿µؿϳе鼮
ȡһں֮ڡڴ̨Ϸġ
˶ʮҳʱҼˡ
ڿ飿
š
㿴ġ
Եڴ̨ϣ£ʲôģ
ҼܶȡһɫƤʼǱ֮ǰ˵ѿˣ˼ء
ʼǱдԽԵ˼ռǣǳд黰ԼĿд
ջ۵ģкüʮƪˡ
ּʲݵٵƵϺÿʮ
ݳӣԼɣЦңЦҲҡҹûæ꣬ȳȥˡ
á
ҼһΪŤԵŲµʼǱռǻݡ
Цأ
ϲ
ҼתߣſڱԵסôʲôǩ𣿡
УǸɫԼҡҼŽԵ
ΪʧˣֱȳڲԽԵĵǴΡƵʣǺ/ʱҵǽȻͬĸо
ΪԵ˱ʼǱֺ󣬻Цɻ飬ҲǹԡʱƵĸռݣѧ黰
ʧˡ
ûһ׼ӺƬôǰ
ԵĿ˪ǡİ


76 
δ֪, ʱܵҼƲýԵǸӡ
һССĵǼմֲ
̫, Ҳ̫㵡ΪӲ֪ƬԼ겻ա
ǵģûƬҲ֪ƬĴڡ
ʵûС
ƬռǴӻ, ɾˡ
ӹ΢źѣԼý죬ȦȨޡ, ܸܲһƬʶһļ
ŴѧѧʱĵǼշ, ˵ҪǾͼഺгӡ
ΪΣΪƬԼ, Լȴ֪飿
ѿ˵, Ե͸ܷһŻԱһŵӰƱҲ˲輸ϡ
Ҽܿϳ, һμʱһȥǳӰƱ, ĻԱҲ͸ġ
Ӱ, ȥС
ֵһ¿͸ҼԴ֮ǰĳԺȶҼ͵Ķ, Ϊ˻Ƿ, ҼҲˡ
ȥȡϷغ, ѿ˵ΪĵӰƱɫ׽˻Աܷ
ԪֵĲڻԱ, ӽӵֻǼƷû򿪹ҲûȥʹùʶûּڻԱ͵ӰƱмĵǼա
Ե֮Իں﷢ֺ򿪣ΪǼǰϲһҡ
ǼҺ󣬼ÿյⶼҵ궨ؼʱҲᾫĹһЩͽ衣
ҲΪԱŵӰƱϣΪǰ
ΪһģһڲֵͬĻԱһҲ˵ӰƱķʽͬ
ֻصǷݻԱ͵ӰƱûзƬġϲˡ
ҼҼյĵ⣬ҵꡣ
ҼҼӡĺӰʱأ
ŵģ˼Ǹ
ԵԵҽ͡
Ҽŵʧȥ֯ڹø첲˵ƽ½ӵվʱϥǿĵ˲輸Ҹ첲Ҳײһ£۵ٴܡ
Եʹֵסƽ⣺ڡĽͣ侲ϵ㡣
ҪҼŵغӿ㲻ҪߣҿԽ͵ģҸҸֻʶûС
ֻʶԵϵָΪץֻʶҼнҼԼ𣿡
ԽԽصҼܵԵĲΣԼŭԼʧ
ҼΪʲôнҼҲ֪
ⲻˣʵĻᶼûС
ҼԥԵԼƽǻľκˣҲ¡
Ҹʱ˼ôˮ©ҽͣҲʱ䣬侲ֻ侲ˣҲͷѵطֱĽǼ١̧Ҽȴͣ˰Уúˡϵ֮ǰңҲҷϢ
ããҴӦ㣬ʱ䡣ҼץסԵԼŶ˵Ұ㣬κκ¶޹ء
ģ޹𣿽Եû취ˡ
ıҼµ̵÷ۣӲĳӶ֣һչ㡣
ҪҲҪˡҼҡͷֻ˶СԵ㣬ҪҡһԹˣԹԵ㣬㡭
ҼԵĴѵźϣҲٱ飬ţѡҵ𣬾͸ϵнյģ𣿡
ǣǣǡġҼﲻɵҼˣȫȻҲڡ
ԵʧĹΪõܣûԤյͻ״
ñŽġ
ʳӦá˵һ䣬ǽƱ硣

뿪ҼңԵڷϣˮܿ۽˳
Ƭͨ˺ܶǰ׵¡
ҼΪʲôһҹ/Һ峿ܣΪʲôڼҼʧΪʲô˵ʹʧ
ôֻʶĹϵأ
ǰ
ͬһӰ
ôĻǰҼ⡰֡ɣ⼸ȻһΪиõˡ
ֿǼ꣬˽
ҼҼͽĽΨһҼĽΨҼ
⼸ҼŽҼһһıҼԽҼİٰ۰谮ֻΪҼĺӣùʵ޹ϵɣ
ǲҼİ¹⣬¹ⲻˣ㽫Ͷ䵽ŮϣҲ߼
ԼأҼҼý飿
Ҽ˵ֻʶ
һֻʶ
ǰҼֻǡʶĽ׶ΣҲһؼҲ/ϵ
ֹסȥ룬ҼǲҲʲô
ϣ뵽ӵһּ衣
ּּ࣬ԼǸͷβĴŮˡҼҲԺˡ
Ȼʧء
˵Ҫһӵˣ˵ҪһҵˣһʼͶѡ
ڻԱ͵ĹЩνİνļңνĳŵν黰νһӣҲͳͳ۵ƪѻ
ǰʱҼǶ鵽İж𣬽Ե˿̵ľжʹ
ҼڸΨһһϲҲˡѵԼһһҪôǱô
ȥҼ˵ΰɢѶԷĵҲҼΪ˺ƭ˵ӦĻѻҼѻԲ
ֿ侲ǵõѡ
ҪԼҼʲôԭµģʲôǲԭµġ
ڳ˼ʮӣԵͻָ˿ն
еѸɺԣʹȴֺΪҼֶѳɸı䲻˵ʵ
ҼͽԵǣˮʯ֮ΪԼҲΪе
Ѳɣеġ氮ؽŮͽӣֻڸѹЭǰ顣
ãͶҼⰮ䵱ڻɡС󡣶أȴɵɵΪԼ֮ˣУϲʤ
ûйȵĻϲ㲻мȵıˡ
µڻϲж̶̼£ѾԼԭʲôˡ
ЦҲΪ֮һֶʧǵĽ죬Ҳںڰ͵͵ˡ
ᣬԿ

Եڳ˶ãҼڰáϵۣûɹ
ĿͽԵĳʻ⣬˲ᣬȥһ¥
㱵ӶǽԵſڷϵĻ档˽Եĳ鶯˽Ե۵Ķ
ԵӰóһССķС
εĿɫ죬ΪǾǵ͸ԵʱǸӡ
ǽԵԭҪ͸
лյ
ѽԵǿˡ
ҲŪˡ
Сʱǰſྡõ˽ϿɣͽԵҪһˣΪʲôǼùһδϷŪõʧȥ
СĿĵţŵһһɶζѸٴıǻ
ȵʺˡ
ƽʱవ乷˵Լһ䲻ۣȻŽҸλľͳֽҿοǲ˹ʺˣȥŲƱμŹι֡
ɽ죬ֻ׽Ū
˽ţֻЬӽͰ
ͷµСͤߡΪģͽԵͬûĵط
첻Ը
ѩϼ˪ǣ쵽̨ʱŵһʹ
Ѫ̨ϡ
۵ǽףͷ£¡
ԵִԲˡ
Եǻһ
˫ľᣬҼֻ񻶴绰

ҹҼڵ绰ʹĺ񻶣궼ûˣô˰ްԵأ
һԵ֣Ҽ޵øˡ
Һʹʹ첲ʹҲʹҺòãҺֻˡ
ţŰ񻶷µأ羱ֻһ߸شԼҪŵƣһ·
ٶȳŴ򳵣̨ҵҼʱ׵ӵ۾̲ǺɫǺɫѪҺŵɫɷס
ҼǶǵӣˡʧ
ûҼϲ嵶ʲôûʣ˾ȥҽԺ
ǣôأ
죬ҼͽԵǰ㾡˶
˿ڣ񻶸סԺֲŲߵģһڼٳʲô£ü
ȻԸҽԺҹҼԼҲ¼ҹ˵ûչ˵סԺôأ
䲡¿ճģҹֻҼһˡ
ȥҽԺ˫ЬҲˢϴƷص󣬾ͼҼƽڴϣ۽ǹᡣ
ߣӴóֽ᣺ٿ޾Ҫȱˮˡ˵˵˵ˡ
ҼŮ
Ҽۡ
ȴЩãȻ
ǸŮˣ⣬ǡԵĴɩҼǽԵɩŹ¡ҼĿ񻶡
ûǸŮ˺ϹһǰͳˡԵӾƽغԭΪչĸ׺ֶŮһֱŽԵˣҲýԵ֪ΪҡͲˡ
ҽͲΪʲôҼȡҼ֣Ϊʲô˵һŮң⣬ͲˣΪʲôôϲ۰Ҽ
ܽ̽𣿽Ҹôô˵ýԵţİֻǰ
ҼҲۡסԴ
䣬ᣬҲŵ
˵ҼֺҲƹ
ǸʱǸҼͽҼֵɺϲص㡣
ʱ²ҲϣֻɺҲҼԵԵ֮С
˭֪ɺϡ
޷ڻŵ֪ԼϹѹɩɩġǰΡɩɩµĺӵȡϹܲ޽ٵάνƭ֮ϵĻܲϹͬߣµظϹչӣ缺
ͬҼһ֪ǳʲôĳҪŮȡΪҼ֪ǣҼġϲжܣֻǡ
Ҳһõ껪Ҽ۵ݣǴ˽Եġȡ
벻жమ㣬ܽ¡
ֻԵһ档
ƾһ棬ܿԵϲҼģϲ̶ֳȣ޴֪
äĿذοҼܸҼ̫ϣ
ʵ
ڸҼԤ룬ֹҲֹ衣
㣬ҲܲǲǣҼץź񻶵·ӿᶼʾ
Ҿ֪Ҿ֪ǸˣܲˡԵôƾʲôƾʲôҪһѱٵĸ飬ƾʲôҪһ⣬̹ϣҲɾҡ
ǻֻ
ӵһαؼңҾֻˡ
֮ҲŷɩǸʱҲհǰ˺˺ܾãｨ裬¶ĸס֪үжమҿЦ𣿡
ҼЦЦûڲΪ֮ϵԵʱҼ֣ѶһجĽ
ζţ£ͲѵĽʱˡ
ʵҲУʱеģǾ֮ǰӦøԵϲĴɩûһҲûκܵΪңûʸϲ㣿
˵أ
ǽҼ֣ԵҾ֮⡣ҸҲ͵ͷˡ
Ҳڣ죬룬Һˡһÿʱỵ̈͵Ҹ͵ģҴ͵Ҹְɣ
˵ңҼ޵ѣ϶ҭһٸһ𣿡
ֲǻˣû£ƾʲôͲӵҸأ
񻶵·ҼʪһƬ
ҲʪҼ·
ӴѧڿʮˣʹûҼ޵˺ѷΡγϹ
ǰƾʲôأҼֹۻƾʲô·ִδ޼أ
û˱ӵҸҼᡣ
Ҽ˫ۣǳ鶯ڱ˵ú飬ȴֲˡ
Եûд
Ҽִʲôأ
˾ͺú˯Ҳߣ㡣
סԺʱȷҼľ״̬⡣ԭҽԺлʿţҼ˽ˣؼң¡ĻҼһڲ
ѱӸҼǺãѴҲȫϣֻ˸ڴĴͷ඼ˡ
ȷҼûˣ񻶲ųţ绰˵ȥˡ
ǽϣĻǽԵֻš
Ҫ
ȥ˵ʲôأ˵Ҽû޵òӣ˵ҼһСʱֽҽԺ
Եڵ״̬һͱҼãһͷϣֻҼұᷳɣ
ȷʵǶҪ侲
ҼҽԺסǰ취Ҽ˻Ҳǰ취
һӣ񻶵΢ţҼĸϢҳ淭һ˶ϵ绰ˣЩҲֻˡ


77 
ʮ, ִҼҽԺȼ, ҹ绰ĺ񻶡
һ¥кĽ񻶣ȥҼ
ں񻶣һҼƵͨأ˵лİܹҲϤ, ׻ʡˡ
㣬ȱ𼱣һЩ, û˵, £Ұѻ˵𣿡
ҹ绰ֻ˵Ҽ˿, ص㽲ҼҪչ, ĩ, ߲ȱˡ˵֪ҼˣҲ֪, ϣչҼˣǽ㡣
ҲҼŮΪʲôҼߣ
񻶱Ҳ˵, ֮أ̸
, 񻶽Ҽθ¸һ顣
ҼؼҳҪֻ˵˽Եһ, Ƕʡ, Ҳһ仰
Ӻ񻶿·ϵۣҼˣô˵, ҼͽԵ鲻ǺܺǷʲôýԵܣ
ûжܣԵ뿪ǰ˵˽һ֮ȥչЩҼͺ˵ġ
¼䳳ֺҼôǹӦò᲻Ǹ˽ԼõӣϴٶȺͺ˵ı£һ
Щһ˵ģҲǵһǸܷƪġ
ԼͬԵĹϵûᣬԽ֪Խá
㣬ֻ֪ҼͽԵεìܣǽԵĴȻҲȫҼĴ֮ŪˣǷֲԴġҽԵļ˸ողŽǵĹϵҼȴת˲ʹӾ޴ϲõ˾޴ıУĳ̫ˡ
ҼĿǰ״ܸԵңʵġ˻ҼҲ׽ĳܵҲܡ
˹ۣ¶Ҳû˸ôˡ
˼ҳҽԵ̸
㲻ǽ㡣
ȷд⣬ϵ׺ãΡ֪Ÿ˵ƾʲôӵҸ絶ʡǶˣ͸۹⡣ȻԵ϶İ£ǾͰһѣסҸ
ȥҽԵ̸Եʶͻƫ̻Ҽʧ˵Ϊ֪࣬ΪҲǡƭӡǨŭ
ǡҳعҼȥ֪ԵҲΪǡġ
ǵýԵ֪ҼΪ˺һ𣬶Ŭ
ҼеŬΪһңΪ˻¡
ܷ˵ԵûʲôգҪԣܺùΪԵӦû֪ҼѾˡ
ôϵԵ
绰ɡһԼ
û˵ǣԵھŵ͵绰ҹˣ֪֪Ҽ͵ţȴôŶӦ
ڵ绰ﶼղڲԵҼ֮䷢ʲôֻ˵Ҽűˣ˲ѪûչˣֻҽԺסˡ
ԵûϸʣĬš
񻶱㽫ҼͲһ˵ԵˣҶǰ͵ȥ

¥벡ڿߵҼһ˲оˮ
ֻҼһˣ㻤ϣֹһûľżԴƫ򴰻ǱߣǰǺɫŲŰɫɴ
ļУҼǻÿʣĶҰЦġ
ҼҲʵѧûʲô󲡣Ҳûܹˣû򲡽ҽԺ
ҪǰˣҲˡ
ſվ˼룬ȥ۽ǵᣬ̧ߣҼ
ϵ㵣գգ۾Ӧ㣿ôˣ
񻶾͸Ҽô£ǼһЦСˣϵʱûŵǰɣҲ֪𣿡
ҡͷû˵ˣұ˵Ҫ߿ģ
ˣ֮ǰһ绰˵Ůѵġ
ʱԭҲûʣֻһγ桰̽ס
Ҽֳվæߵϣ˷𣺡Ҳǵ㣬Ÿ˵ˡ
ţҲҼӹӽݺͲ֨ĺ񻶣ҲҽԺһˣﻹ໴СһҸŮˡҽˣȻȥɡϵ
峿Ҽƽ·㣬˵˺üԼû£úȻء
ʵҲڵȣȽԵڼң᲻绰߷Ϣ
ɶݵͿȥˣԶĽ㣬ûȵԵֻƬԵĲҪˣˣ
òƽڼ˺Щˡ
㣬ҾˡûҼԵϸ绰Ҽ˻ѹ
ǻȥˣҼԣһջİοԣҲһֶԽԵΪ˺ƷԵļ˽⡣
ҲΪʲôˣҲûԽ޴ҡؾ˽Եԭ
ԵǹҼǾͻкͺõϣ
㣬ԲˣοܡˡǰһߣҼᵽ˽Ե
ǰ˵õģԭŮѸʶ
ЩˣҪ˼ҼûԼѾӺǶ˵ˡ
ҼЦһҵĴôܲ룿۱ۣﶼ
̾ϢҼشϣ԰οֻҪ㹻మѵĹضܴȥٴĽҲܽ⿪㲻Ƕȥ𣿡
ĻƽҼһ֪϶Ǻ񻶸˵Щʲôˡ
԰Ҷȥüˡ
ҼǿЦЦȴſǻûü˵ϢͬҺһˡҼңͬʱҸôҸһʢõ̻ˣʧˡ㣬Һú¡
½ԵԭңҲҸֻܿȥ
ʱһͲİŮվſ÷ʵλˣһ£ҼС䲡𣿡
ŮᣬҲֻжʮӣû״ӣҲûʿҽԺˡ
Ҽֱ۾Ťʣԣǡң
СáŮ߽ЦºͣǽСΪ㻤
˵ƴߵҼǰִӼϿŵİóһļ˫ֵݳҵ֤Բ鿴
Ҽصӿˡ
Եûв
ԵصΪһĸйͬԵŮչ֪ҽԺŮˡ
ţÿˡԵˣǲʲصġ
ͷ񻶷Ϣлл㡣
ԵչҼһ£ҲӺǶ˵ˣԲ˸е⡣ںԭҼص֪һУ۲˽⡣
Ҽû˵ҪҲҼԼ뷨˵һߣѯŮĹЩ档
ǵҼ˵һһû˵ʲôֻֻ
ҲԵһ䡰ллȣɽԵǿΣԼϢϵԼ
ҼӦ˽Ե
Ǳ㣬ҪغͽԵԼԵûǽԵˡ
˿жԵҼҲġ
ҪһŮƬ󣬶˵ȻĹϸչҩðԺʲôģȣЩҲѲ㣬ҽԺ漰ķǻἴʱ㡣ȥ绰
ˣҪ˵һġ
áŮӦ¡
¥ݼʮӵ绰תǳͼһŮݼˡ
ֻŮ˵ĲӰҲǲӰ
ȵȡ첽׷ȥŮ˰ʱԣ̽ԵʵǡԵ
ԵĶһ¡
ŽгֵŮˣȷԼûʱȴĻˡ
Һҽ㳤ò̫裬Ҹְ֡
õ촽°ģǼ˵ĴչȽôǣ촽رס˵ǲѽ
Ҽû˵Ƭͽò
ǣǽԵǰˣ
ûϴ˾ͺáòЦãǡҼ׽㣬֪ûи˵
Ե½ţţ˵ġã㡣
һſˡ
²Ҽ֪ԵˡС³ֱŤһסԺͷϵһżȴĨӣֻϢ͵͵һۡ
³
ʱ𣿡ղײգڴʱ˵Եǿⰲŵ
񻶴СϾǡҳݣԳԼŮѼҵĳԵû׼Ҳܾˡ
еġ
Уȥ¥Ҹĵطİɡ˵ݣסż


78 
, ҼȾɣϢҳȥ㶫, ҽԺҰһһء
Ե·¥»԰һ˼Ƨ䡣
˴ûгοǽ̸ֵĵȷȷҪ׵Ļ㶼Ĭ˾ġ
˽մĶǸ߸ЬվһʮӵȽšֻһμֹϵһֱվĵĻ, Щ֣Ҳʧ
Եڲſ͵һҼ˰뿿ڴ, δˡ
סҼϰ, ֻϥŰɫɴӳԵ
Щ, , ҼͲˡ
ΪʲôҪأ
ܺ, ҲûڲԵظҼ˵ݻҼû, ǶûУǡҼҲֵ⼸µϲ
Եˡ
бһֽ, ֽ̿ڻ̳Χʯϣһ£İɡ
ллԵ, л
¥ʱԵҲ, Ҽʲôʱ̹ȡἰģֻ֪, Ǽ˶֪ˣ
أҼôģԼģʦ, ǽⷢǺþۺɢֻǱʲô
Ҽ
ºȿڣǸҲ֪֮便Ϊʲôìܣ֪㡣
úõֿ֪Ѷô˵ǾһǽԵĴ
ܻ˼ΪŸ߼㻤ҽԺ֤֮̽ⲻǲɵ͵ġ
˵꣬ԼĿ̫ԣֱ̫ӣǸҺ̫ˡ
û¡
ԵԼļ˶ദã֪θҼļദ
ȴûֱԼϥǵֱϣִ־н˼ɢ
ôоݵĲ̫һ
䣬Ե˷Ӧ΢΢ƫͷҲЦ
䣬ԵȻҼ󣬵ȴСǰûҪֳǿƵһ棬ĵһӡ
ǡô˵ģ
밡
˹ӣʱעŽԵ沿΢仯ȫǰһǣϻ۹ˣڹУĽ˵ǽʳİ׸ҲʵɵŮǿˣ˵˫ܰ䣬ʵȣ׵ľڵϿְԵܲõķ棬ҵϵ򵼣Ҳһ׷ġ֮顣
ԵЦЦƫͷתЩӷôϣȷҼ˵Ļ
ЦҲҼԵ̻
ŵɲǣ˼¡
ȴ֡ת˲š
ʤΪ֮㵹ɣЩУҼƾʲôӱ֮ӵֱŽأ
ɢɻ󣬼ǰĶʮոչҲһؼһˡ
ûκ̵棬͸˵ˡʮ갡ͷһ˵˸¡ϾӴѧҵٴ߻飬ö嵱Ӧ衣Ļ˵ûϣβ
̸ˣǶΪˣͨˣԵˡɸ˲ӣ˵ͬϲľŮˡ
˵ͬûϵȴ·ȥ͵ҲԼ¶ϵδ
ţǲڿЦ˵Цʱĳܸܵľ
ƳԵսǼҲǹҰҲûбû򡣡
ˣԼؽңޣȻҰҲȥˡ
Ȼ͹˰ǰ
ô˵ЩûТԼδܶҲТ
ôڵϣ˵ΪʲôϲŮˣҲǿ˵ͬǲԵվڸĸĽǶһһ˹ͬ˵ĻŮϵձע⣬˵·ͳܵѹͺ˵㣬˵14ڷ֮һˣҲṼͷˡûлӦͼ˵˵ĺã˵İһޣһЦ
˽Сʱڶ峿ֹСʱ˵벻ʲôİ취ðִֻͳķʽǵ
ԵӾƽҹҼͬҼϥǣҼͺһ
ԭΪڼϥ
޼һȴûҼϥˡ
ܶೡҼݺۣûϹֻʣ֮
ŮһĴԶò⣬ʧȥҵļˣҲҪô𣿡
޵úġ߿ޱ߶˵㣬б˴ˣ㣬Ůӣһӵļˣֻһôĸ׺һСֶдֶŮ
Ļ֮ǱѡǺ֮䣬޷˵ѡ㡣ǳ嶯˼ǡ
˵ԼϲŮ˲ǿЦ𣬵˺ԭĺܶ趼ûٸһ仰
ֱĩӽ˼
˼ѩĳսʽơҼĻƽ
ĿȥԵԵûĶ䡣
̧֣¶
Ҽ԰Ƭӽ෢ҿġǽͨˣֻҿƬ͸¶סַλϢ
ӦǵǼҵ˻˳㡢Ϊ㣬֣ʩѹʹֿɡ
ӽҲ˵˺ܶģԼ֪ģҼжģҼһж࿪ģжĺû
ӽ࣬Ϊʲôֻ棬ôƫ㣬ƶİ׸Ϸ˼䣬ڸҼ飿
ӽ˵ҼȽᡣ
ǶԶӽҼġ
ͬһҵͬһʱ䣬ҼµĻƽλһһһת飬ֱ͸ĸסҡӽࡣ
еģҲҪСҼʱԭ
ӽ˵ʱûˡԭҼ˵һļˡ
ֿشŽԵġ
ǵҼʱ䣬ȥ԰ĸաҼһμҼҲ֪Ĵɩʡ
ô磬ҼͰǸʱϣǲ˵ҼŵȽᣬҼ޹أ
Ҳһֿܡ
Ҽӱ׷øʼΪ/ĸѿ
ԵԼҼĶⴧŵˡ
Ҽˡ
ҼԼʾ/գһһ㹴šϵŮѡ
Ͷʱ䲢һ£Ҽڵ֪ѹ֮󣬲Ž͸
ҿʼԵȥǣȥǣȥҸĸߵ˼빤Ҳ죬ҼַϢ˵һ𣬸˱˴һҡ
ϣǸҼͨ˵绰
Ұֱ̬ұʾ֧֣衭΢һЩڵ绰Ҽ˵˵Ļ˵ȻмˣǾ͵ԶˣԺٻˡ
ͷԽԽߡ
ķΧԽԽС
ʢ¶ȽɽԵȴַ·ص˶ѩأ޾ͷ
˿оȣֻóǵ䣬࡭ۡ
̨ҼҲ䣬ʡԵһһң԰ɣ
ԭʳʱҼŸոձĸסϳ˼ҡ
ԼôӦأ
ԣǣһҡ
ҼڡơڡǲϧΪشӺν˴󺣣Լһҡ
˵ǻʱҲûˣµûţԴй
ʵҵĻҲû˳ģ⼸ͰŮҪ޺õϣҼϡ
˵ˣЦ
ǵýԵؿ
ϵĻƽЦ˵ûҼ̸ģ֪ŮǰСˣǿưԵ
ˡǿƣ涼СԵظ
Э˵Ҳ޶ˣֻҪǸеľСҼ˵òֳǧţôͽвˣ
Ե㶣ཻ֯ʵ˵ҡûôǮ


79 
ͽԵ̸˰Сʱ, ˵˵ˡ
֣ҽԺ֮, 񻶿е֪ġҼһҹ˵Ҽȣ˼Ҽ˵ֱˬ֮ˣҲӣ˵Щڰ㡣
õѡ㡢϶, һֵΪޡΪЦΪԿҲ֮µˡ
ԵллչˡܱǸһμô, , ԼжϺ;ͺáҺϣǻ´μ档´ټӦļҳ˰ɣ
ԭô, Ҽ, ʱô, ҲҽԺ㣬롭һжõİšԸһ, ܳΪļˡ
̫ȻɹǵĽűߣٴαлϣ, ϥվ
ԵҲ˳ְѵϵֽ, ȴδ
߱ȽԵһЩ, ΢̧, ֱŽԵ˫˫۾Ưˡй͸ˡ
ʵŽԵйġֻ˷Եüˡ
Ҽݲȫ, Һˣɵÿɰһ档Ȼ꣬ͬΪŮˣ£ǽãûҲҪ
簮³Ľ֦ҶĴ־֣̫ǿѻʱֻгһܷйŻе泩͸̸вֲ۵ģ
ţ׵ģ㡣ǽԵڶζЦ

ҽԺ뿪Եڹ˾緹Żص칫ҡ챾Ϣգ˶˵绰˵Ǳ߶˽߲һϻ顣
⣬ˡ
ž˻֪ͨǰ˾ȿڲ飬ȫԱᡣ
磬һ͵ˣ칫Ҹȷ̣Լϡ
졣̸˹ԵסҪתߵ졣
ܻʲôԸ
ҸæȥĸǱߣҼĳҳ⡣˵ŽԿ׷ϡ
רȥһҼңóġ
õĽܡ첻ץԿףæ
Ե˵ˣʱϵѳԿҲɡˡ
ˣ
Ҽ㶼˳ˣܣ
ѳԿ¥ʱõ˽
죬лл㣬Ҳ鷳ˡ˺һԷɣ٣ǷٷˡͿۺhһ٣һ٣һ١
յʣܻû𣿡
ܻˣͲˡҪûأȥߣһߣëӵġ
ҼȦУУݵƬҲĹèĻ⡣
ҼĵһһѯʣĿǰǺ״̬ϲèèҲ
û
컳Լǲۻ軨ˣôҼı鲻̫ȻҲģ
ԺҲڳҼӣһ̬ǰ죿
졭״̬ðɣӵ绰˵֪ԵҲڰ칫һûڼңȡ˳Կס
¥ʽԵ״̬ԵϵΨһ;ˡ
û𻰣ߵűߣҼ𣿡
Ľţȥˡ
λǽԵҲѣ죬ҰѳˡҼܵ죬׽㣬
С㣬áӽ˵㡣Ц֡
ֵã㡣
Ҽȥӽ㣿ˣܾͲٹˣҼƣ
ȵȣ˵ӽ˵Լ񲻾֪ǽܵҼĽ֪ܵĴˣҼˣ
ôϢӽ඼û
˵õĽcpأ
кƲֵصͷȴƼҼɴš
һûôָˣ
Ҽ㣬Ľǣ
û£СġƵƤΪȾŰôʵ
첻©ٳ˵ǣڣԼҲﲻʲôæҼǧҪСˣ˿ڱմˮڼҶЩʱգҸ㡣
һһԶص˱ûݡ¥ʱŬػڹ˾Ľʲô쳣
쳣ǡƮɢûôˣ
ģѿˡ
ɣ
ҼĽɢ˵
켱ˣһݾ͸ӽ෢ӽӽ࣬п𣿻پԮҸоҼԵcpˣ
ӽ໹ûϢҼϢȵˡ
Ҽ㿴״̬˰ɣǣˣأټҡ
ҼţûڸԲ£кᣬ侲ǻᵱ̸
Ҽ죬ҪƤˡлллл

֪Ϣ̫࣬Եȥ
ǰĻһΪҼĸжѡֻϧˣΪֻҪһ뵽ҼйĹͶԴ˸еܡ
ڵ˹˾㿪ʼùԼ
յϢܣѾҼҵĳˣԿҲ͵ҼˡҼڼչˣɫ̫ãûʲôѪɫϼ˵ģӺòҰ
ʵûȥĻлҲûȥҼ֪ʲôظһ䣺ллˡ
췢һʹ˽Ի
ϾŵصңֻĸĹڽҼͶ׶԰Ϣһһۡ
ҼҼĺӡ
ûҼĳŵؽ˽Ҽ
ĵƶûҿﴦҼӰӡ
ѴͷϵȫҸս˳룬ٿ⣬ҲԸٿ񡣵֪Ȫ֮µĽĻ᲻һۣ
Ȫ֪
ǵӢţúܶ¶δ֮աȥȴǰ£»ŵ˱ʹࡣ
ԵҹšһҹģҪҪҼĽͣ
ǸصºδˣԴδʹҼĳǰΡ
żҲ͵͵Դ׺ᣬҼڴϸļǸŮġ
Щ£֪á
֪ˣϻͶһ̡
˳Ϧദˣв͵ʱʱʱؾͻһ£ԼҲԷ
Ϊ˶žҼҲ̹ϡҼ֮䣬ԭûд̵ġ
Ǵ̣ҼǴ̡
޷γ
̵Ѫģ
ûԵҲ޼Сȴֺ
Ե֪ˡ
ԵЩҪͱȥˡ
ڻظĸ׵ϢԵˡӡ˵֡
һһҹˣԾɡԲˡ
ֶöĶԻ򷢴һϢ¼ʾǣ
أЦһЦmua
ЦλЦóľͷ츲ˡΪ˱ᣬϡ
ãϵͳ
ԳЦЦԵֻȥ˱ˮˮζ쳣࣬Ʋסˮ
ôͻȻأôֻ͡أ
ϴֻӽδϢΪҼ˵û
֪ǣΪʲôҪƣ
ǰĸоܲãԵѡ񲻿ӽϢ
ɽæƣ˴˵ƣŬôԷſգú˯һһ¾񣬱ԭԼ
ȻСʱȥˣȴʼ˯˴ͷϵֻ
ӵһʱӲһҪԵġ
ӽࣺԵ㣬Ҽһؼҳˣ˵ҪһůļңҲˡ
ӽࣺҲѹˣͬЭָտɴ
ӽࣺأҪǸ˵ʲôǵĻǧǧ棬һǻģ̽ιϵ̬ȡ
ӽࣺҽ߶һ϶˽⡣֪ʲôҡϻϷҾͰף㰵ȳ²֡
ӽࣺģ͵͵ϵģɡ
ӽࣺԵ㣬ҽİ㣡һ𴩿ɿ㳤ģͬ˫̥ʮһû˭ȶҺء
ӽࣺһ㣬ʱʱ㣬ԣ׷ɵൣһ̡ѵһѵ
ӽࣺðеㆪˣҪˣԲûϢģ˾С

ĺ˷꣬Ψҹ΢ܴ˵ķȡ
˴̨ӽ绰ٻصʱҼѴˡ
ٰ׽ãҼСʱϴءˣҼԼԼϴ塣
壬ֻڽԵǰչ¶ҲֻԵ
Եߵʹ£ҪԼ˷Լ
ȷҼĵɴûʪ費ҪʲôŻ˿ͷ
㻤ʦ̣û첻˶ǽԵģǽԵҼġŦ㲻Ʒѡ
Ҽǣ̤ʵЩ
ڣҲüʶʶǵĹ𣬵λܷܲĵذҼչˡ
˵úܶԣ˽ΣҼ˲εġ
Ҫˣ˶á
廹ϵˣռʱ䣬Եôܽأ
쿼˺ϸĻʹһƱȥˡӽ˵ҪҼȰˡ
̫ţҼܣԵҲܡ
ﶼ̫Ҫǿˣ˲ַ˶ãеʡ
ٶˡ
ڵҹ˯İĴϣ˼Żȥôĸ
ǼţҼһƣ
ܳô˻ҼĸѹظˣҲøɣ
̫ʱϲ˵ִʲôĸˣԵҼΪҼʲô
ҵŶûйϡ
žдµ۾һʱûӦڰԼֻһĨӰ״
Ҽ
ҪƣԵҼ㣬𿪵ơ
æйȥסҼ硣Ҽͷصϣƹۡ
һֽȼպζƮɢڿСʣնˣ
š
յˣûԺɾĻ䡣


80 
, в֪ΪҼһһͬϵѧ׷ˡ
ŮƤ, ׷Ĺ켣У԰ҲһһҼѧ㡱еñ滹𣬻ÿζССһɿ
ģʼڴŮġڶ
ִӲڶ˳˫ԡ
ѧУ԰顢޹غԱͬѧҲżİݶȣûԼࡣ
ĳ
ȴŮĳ
Ů̻ͬ¼, һ𲻵һ꣬Ů˵ˡ
ôֱ־ķִʣֱ׵Ҽʲɡ
ǿ֮, ǿ΢һԼߡһ, ɸɴࡣ
һºУ԰ײŮһԵĶ̷Ů§§˵˵ЦЦˡ
ʱ, ŮЦźһѧ㡱, к
Ҳһ, ͻˣ, þˡ
ԭΪ̹ģڷֺ, ûеʹ಻Ҳ跹˼ҹ¡
һ, ĲԼΪĲÿǷŮ, ҲΪʲôŮŰžͱˡ, ǡԼǲͬ
Ůһ֮ǰŮû
ѧѧ, ׷м˧Ƕ޸о׷ŮŮǵһ
Ůһڼ䣬Ŀ϶û/κŮ
ţǳ顣
Ů˵ĻҲʹ᲻飿
ҼҺɡᡣ
Ȼ죬̫ͬ죬Լºò˼顣
˼ص㣬һֱԼȡ
ΪŪ⣬ԶİŮӴ
˴;·ȴûһ뽫/ϡ
ʵûУأ
˼ȦȺȺԾʱǱˮ졣
ȫȺÿ¶Сͬһcp
˽꣬Ҳڴ£ˡ
дϿȺͬʱһŸԼйصƬֻҪ¶ľС
һڣʮͬѵϿȥҲûʵ򣬴ѡԼġ
лѡܽһ˻ѡԶֿճ֡һٱμӡѡԼΪޡ
Ⱥ֪ͨѡԳɹϢʱ֪˶ԷС֪
˱ȺЩ΢ӡ
֪Ⱥ죬ðݵҲ緢˻ӭȺϢ
ֻͬǡ
֪缢ƿʵ巢նѡһ֤Ⱥ͹ԱߵŮݣֻȺϰϷ˶ѡ
סҵ飬֪һ̵ϢҺãŮ
ǵȺǺ
һĽ㣬Ȧ˭أ
漴ζ黰ˢˣʲôҰ㡢ҡҸţ쵽Ҽáϲʲôˡ
绰Խ˵Խ࣬ҲԽԽĿ
ҼҲûټ֪ԡȥӼ顱ʱûˡ
ϢȺǱܵģԵҪػһڴһ𿴵Ӱ̲衢͡ҹƬΪύȺ
һܵʱ˾ôЩƬͻȺд빫
֪ӺѺ֪̹ԣ˵ԼѧʱһѣֻӵûҲûϵ
ϽܲĹ׽ȴûȷŮӶģԲȷԼȡ
ҼҲ̹ϽǶμ֪ûš
ԡ
ҼĩʲôʱʲôصʣıȽɣȡ֪
֪ȴ˵ûѣеš
Ϊ֪ĽţҼûٱʹڼ¡
ֻ˵ⲻһ겻ɾҪ۹ʻܳͷ֪˳Ķռ벻Եġ
˴˱Լĩļ档
ĩ죬࣬˸Ϊõ΢źѡ
һ磬Ҽģյ֪ϢڲѧУûʱһ
Ҽ˵ѧУʱ䡣
ֱ֪ԣ˵ѾѧУˣպᡣ
ǲǸպᣬҼû档
ǵϿдҵѧѧרҵϢ֪ѡѧУͻȻϮҲȷǷʵŰɡУ԰లȫ
Ϊ˲֪õȣҼֶ뻻·ϴ˸ױͷûͳˡ
ҿϴͷͷ档
̫бˡİӰ֮£һŮ˫ͷʱӡ
Ҽ곤̨ףֹסŲƽ˳Ҳƽ
иӦ㣬Ů˻ʮ׵ľ룬һ˫˫¶紺ů˵΢Ц
Ů˱˼бĲŹԵӰҼ
Ҳһһ߽Ҽ
ˡ
ҼһζдŮ˵Ĵ˾
֪һͷ÷ŵŨܳ·Źһɵvɫ֯һгĿɫο֯ȹһ˫ɫƽСƤЬʽֲʧɳڸеĴ硣
ҼԼأ
æֻ˼İ׳£Լɫȿһ˫ɫϵЬ
һŹ⣬һӭŹ⡣ȴڶԷĳͬҲͬʱһһ޶
ʧȥһĩǵһֻʣһ幤ա
죬ÿǶһˣҲ˻ҪŴա
ÿһţĶʱ̡
ƬҼģĿҲҼڽᡣ
ֱԹһ󣬺յڽߵ·һ߾ǽһСʱ
Ϊ˭Ҳ˵ټ˭ҲʲǾ䡪֮ҪҪ
ߵ·ľͷҹ紵˵㷢ת򽭰ʱơ֪ȿ˿ڡ
˵лл⼸յİźдһǮת㣬ǵҪա
ҼףںշתСʱǾûʳĻˡ
͵Ϊֹ֪תǮһ£֪İܡǣҡ
Щʡ
Ϊ֪⿪󡪡ϲŮ˵ͬ
ڳ¶ȡ֡ϲǸŮģȻҲԸЩ¼¡
ֻڼ֪ŷϲͰġ
ӵˣŮ֣ôԸظŮǣߣʶ֮ĸѷǺʱεزںʱεص޿صĵزġ
Ů˦νǼʱֹ
ûи֣Ҳǿ͸Լ氮ԼǰǰϺķѵһʱ⣬ִˣȴҲ֧Ų˺·ˡ
Ҽڳﱻֱ֣һЩ᲻Ľأ
һ֪
еؿŶԷ۾ǣϵ
֪ܿĿ⣬Ĭã뿪Ҽһڽ˻
ȻӺҼյϢԲҺشܣң߲·
Ҽϣеǰ˵Ĳȷдǲǣ
֪ǡ
ҼȸԾŽˮһ
⼸ദĸ֪ûд֪ȻҲǡϲġ
Ҽһʱ̫̣ǲȺ﹫˽ϵҲ鷳ϾھϻҲʲô֤ȱҵȶҲʸֱͦ˿Ǹ¡ȫǾżԳԷӰɢɢ
ϢĶΪ
ԣûоʵȥһĳŮ̸
ֻܽ͡ΣϵԼ֪ȡദĻᣬԶ㡣
֪֪ҲҪʱԼͬʵһ
ûеȵ֪Ĵ𸴣Ҳûյ֪תˡ
Ⱥը˹ڻcpˡһԸͬǣͿۺh
ѾйһγҼǲ̫ô׷һ㡣
ͿۺhϿǸ֪ͲĽ㡣Ժ󣬾˽űףأֱԼԼǽѵǿԸ͡˽ġ˳˺ѡ
Ҳǹϣֽǵȵ֪Ļظxx̳ھٰ廭չȥ𣿡
Ҽ˵㵸ҹܷ˺Ѻ񻶡
˺֪һcpڼԼᡱѯ˽ͥʵȵȡ
ûԷȦĵʱ֪ƬճʳģҲѧʿıҵӰ
֪ĺʹ磬Ҫ㣬ӦƸ˾ӣȥԡ
ӡΪ̵һΣ֪ktv󣬸ա
cpϿдϢ
ǽţ֪Ϊһнţǿͼյ⡣
ͻľϲӯµԸҲֻ֪йءϣܺһŮˡճɾ
Ұֻ֪һ¡ӡ
ţԼôƤռ֪ҵʱ䣬ȫȫİȥҡġȸһأʱ죬ʽס
Ȼþյһ£֪ͼѵϾľ
Ϊʲô˵һദһòԲѹңҶԸٷ
ûòԲãҵ⡣
û⣡ǲǼ̫Ƶţ

ҲÿϵˣҲÿԼˡ㲻첻棬ֱӾܾҾͺãҲˣƢҲǷ࡭
ϲ𣿡
ϲϲһϲ
Ҳǡ
ΪʲôҪֿΪʲôһ𣿡
ԲûΪֻ㵱ѡãԽӴҾԽϲ㡣뵽ԺҶʹ࣬ġܲˡ
㣬һҪ𣿡

˵ҸԸʹأҲ㣬㵽գ𣿡
ҲԸ⣡ʹʹǡֿɡ

֪˭£İУ˶ͷữʹű˴˵ġ
ҼЦѹ֪ѧУĿʼʹĽ
ʣҲϲңΪʲôͲΪҡΪǣҲΪԼһأ
Ϊʲô㲻أҪǸöá
Ҳǣ
ţ㲻ǣǲһҵҸĸԶûֿԡݵò;֪ʱҡá
˶Ҽ֪뿪ѧУ
Ҽֹ̧֪
ȥ˾Ƶꡣ
뷿䣬Ҽأ˵졣ʲô
֪վǰ̧£ҿԡһᡣ
ҼƿϥڵϿޡ֪ԣᡣ
֮䣬һʼעӱǸܺúϲŮӣԺһˣͷϡ
أ
ңһһָ˧Ǯİɣ帣Ҷףˣ㲻ף𣿡
ףҼ˲ᣬվ֪ſǽڣǿջЦŮɣСް
֪šתͷЦҲϲŮ
߳ǰҼ֪˵һμһμƽһ㡣
ĩǼһ档
ӵҼʣһܸҡ𣿡
֪ʱͷԷɵϢȣûȥ
⡣̨⡣
ҽҼ/ҴдҼȥҲֻڴ¥ȣδ֡
ƻʱ֣վķֲ·ڣ϶ųʱ΢Ц
˺ܶܶ࣬ǵֻб˴ˡ
һ֮ңôԷⶼܿ塣ɲпʵȴɽ벻Խ
ллݵһ̡źڡ֣͵ɣͷ˵ټһֱǰߡ
áҼҲ֣ǳʱǸ
ɿͬʱת
ͬǣҼվԭػͷȴûС
ֲ̧ĶʱҼ׷ȥҲûС˵õĻȫףҸ͸Զš
һʢ룬ԵʱӶЦԵʱ
ǸԼɾеϵʽŲղʧãã˺Ҳû
У԰̤ᣬӽ̤빫˾ڿǶⷿǺʱź֪Ӧ
ʲôĵضΡʲôĻ͡ʲôݣֱʲôļλͬעʲô⻧ȨЩ
ӶûһΣƺţô֪ܻĴⷿأ
Ǻ񻶷ĲԾ׷²֪Ǹɢˡ
벻ӴǷήңӦҵҹĺʱ񻶱ǿӲؽȥͬס˵ǵ״̬Щˣӡʧʹ߳ˣһʱдˣⷿȥ١
ְĵһҹ˾ȥԵһҡõofferֹһݣһ˵ҵλΪƽ̨Ǻܲġ
ҪȻҲרȥڹ˼٣ѧУһͬ򳵹ȥ
ҲǴ;УⷭһбǣĳԿס
гȴӲڸԼӿ
֪ԭġ
һĻĻüͷȴͷ
ź಻ڡ⣬ֵ׷䡣

յƬյӰƱǰһµĻ䣬Ҳɢɡ
˵˵δһʮʮ꣬ȥ׷һο̹ĵİ
Եһ㶼ֻڻﰮ㡣Եֻһ̡
˵ҴһҲ˵Ҫ¸㻨Ǯ㻹˵ǻһңҶǵá
أҪ˵
㣬Һȥ˵˵޳ȥŮóȥˮҪңûҪˡȥ˵òã


81 
ÿһΰõźĿ̹ǵİ鶼߲Ӱ, ÿһҹﹴ䣬ɢڰڱѩ, ֻǡƢٹ
޹֮ҼûٻԼҡ̫ͽԵӰ񣬴ҲȫǽԵζҪҲʹҪ
УУͨԵģҼĸ䣬Ǿ͸ȥĸ䡣
˵, 㻹ǡ
ΪҼ־ݿ壬˵ջһʱҼȴѵñ, Ҳ硣
Ҽϴˢ, ű߿ţϿܵĺۼ, ȴֻ첢õϴ, ô, ˵Լаɣ
ţһʲôСַҼ·, ʣ˵ġ
, û˵ʲôҼԵ᲻ҵ, 㿴Ҳ㻤ʦտ, ڶˡ
ǺܡҲմĹ, һء
ǿϧû취ȥ䡣ҼǸεЦЦ˵, ͻȥɣȻ軹ΪҲֲ˼ˣҵַˡ
͸ˣһ£ģҲᰭ£ߡڻ磬㻻·ӡ
룬ߵ㵽㻤ʦߵ뵽ϰ˵롣
Ϊڣǲ㻤ʦˡ
ŵ࣬пͻš
ƷǡԵҼǰ۵ӿ͸ղӣӺ棬Χɵڳ̡
µĺýžֲƬȻȦһ˿ɼԹС
ϣַ͵ͼƬǰĲ͡

գ˷ͼҼҲԵûüǸʼǱͼ
գãٱעдա
һջƻ裬ϦһƲѤͣøϾ繴ҷ·𿴼ڶЦǳǳ΢Цڶ˵˵ܿͻҽһ¹⣬޾˼ԾǧɽˮȥңԶľƽա
࣬Щûô¶ǣûô飬ԶǳĵĶ
飬Ҳ顣
˾ӼҰ칫ǧüŵᣬɺ麣ϼ쵼㱨ȫҼʵҲ롱ˡ
鿪ʼǰºΰͲͨĵ绰ͨ绰֪ϤĻҪ
ҲҪҪȥǧãȥԵùԽ˼
֪ŵôˣԵֻ᲻ˡ
һʼ򶯡Եģִ֪ʶнڡƽŵ̸ǳĳ˵ϷҼҵ
ðȥĽԵʣ޼ĸˡ
ܵȡܽԵĩ˲Ѯ̻Ҫ
ԵͲҼæͨ¼
΢¼Ե޼ٵԵˣǼ䶼οġ
֮ǰú麣ϼڻ¼¼ǶαԲ˵ԵӲ˦ҷ
󣬽ϢʣڼҰɣƵҼҼǿ»Ļ
ǣ
ǡ
ûǣֻˡ
ôʣ֤Եû˵ֵ֮⣬͸ճ˵Цǿġ
㿪ģʽžͷǣŬһԼЦ
ֵͷԼ˯޲ףص̣ԵûأڼңġҸȥ
㻤ʦ˵ˣСĹҪϰ˵֮ǰչ˻ලҼϴϣɵչſ׼ʱ°ࡣ
ΪȡԵĿҼڼ䶼ǳϣϷҲԾϴñȽ磬㻤ʦԵС桱˵úˡ
ڴˡ
ƵͨҼսС촩Ļˡ
հ̣հô˯˵ùûûؼң㲻ȹù𣿡
ȹùûؼһ˯Сһô
հڹԹ˰Ҫǲϴ˯ᱻùġ
ùûѽҼЦùȻôЦùûŶҺܹԵģհ̻ԡ
Ҽɬԡ
վڽĽǶȣվԼĽǶȣԵԽҼĽ̶ȶԶ
ԵԺ󣬻޽ٵ۰ҼԽҼЦ
Ƕ޹İ
ţҼҼԵСֻʲôҪҿѽ
ҼŤӾͷһչʾҼһҹյĻ
һְֻҼסֽһǣҼճ֣ѻָҼ̣̣հְ̣̣ңйùã
ҼĹùʵһֻλհмϣŵֻĻһŽԵ
ʱû̵£ҼŻȥġ
հ̣㿴㿴ӡ¡ҼָŽԼ֣գŴ۾ڴʣհ̣ʲôѽ
ҼʾҼƷˡͷһᣬҪ̲ס
ڴʱʧֻ̬÷ֻ˼ֽٲӿỨϥڷֻͷֽװڱ·ãǸҼҼհ̻廹ûãҪһЩȥˡ漸ŻհȥʱǾͶòã
ţԲհ̣㻹ȥģɹùòȥСһҲί
Ҽɫ䡣
ԭԵѾ˵ˣ̽ԼٸԼ
ùֻЦŽ˵ԵԵС̫ӰϢˣĩпգٴȥǡҼҼǣҲСè

ԵûҪһ޶Բԣ
㻹ûҵĽͣôôϵؾͰҴ롰ΡԲԣ
ǿ򶨣֪İ̡ԵԼæҵչҲ̺ܵ㻤ʦ
㻤ʦ
ԳԾһʣҼãֻǸ첲ˣҪʲô㻤ʦ
˱ȼᣬһʱˣ˿Ҳʼˡ
ĴǵĩˣͲҪ㻤ʦչˡ
ҲǰмæŴǧøĺˣ¶㻤ʦලҳҩȥҽԺ֮ġ
ţϸġԼŮӾҪ໥֣ŶԷĺá
ҼͷӦ¡
ǽԵĺأ
ԵĴ죬Ĵ￪ƽ
ΪĻ㣬ôʢشӴ쿪죬һһһһꡣ
ΪȥлֻǴȻĹɣ룬ĻҲ䡣
ԵҪȶãҲܼ㣿Ҫȶãܻؼ
Һ㣬УУҲ㡣
ҼŴֻⷢ񶯣Ҳǽ跢ϢԵҲãǳθ⼸Ҹ˲ٵҩǱŵڣǱˡ
˺ˣȥҩһЩʱûȥ߼һ룬ȡ
ûﲻģ´θȥҽɣҩЧЧвβɱͻ伲ҽϧ塣
ˤǰˤ󣬽̬ȵķеԲˡ
ͽԵûֽʱһԵεءơһ䡾㿴㿴Ժ̿϶ҡ
һ䡾ܶ˰ңҶ㣡
鵽ſڼ
ͽԵûֽ˸߲ҵػظ衾õỊ̇ලܺҩļͽҰɣ
ɽҹֻģɵػء˵Ķԣ

ాһܣҼڵ˽ԵϢȥǱߣ󡣡
ҼʱʱȦʱϴҲû硣
һ嶼죬ʹ񻶣Լûݣûбú㲣
ûУݡеġ
ÿٲͷԣΪʲôأ
輸ϵĲƿвһ㣬㻤ʦġ
Ϊֹֻ͹Եλһ°գͻʱ˵ԵŮ
ڶǽԵȥ˾ƽӽ͵ġͳӽ͸ϢƽԵˡ
ͽԵŲͬѰ塣㵱֮ŽգʻΪԵ飬ҲΪ
ſڴҼɳվ
˯ɳϵУ̶ͷ˯ˡ֪Ǽһˡ
ԵЬĿֻҼͣ룬ŵֽŵ輸ϣhͿ۴ӹţӪǱæȥһ˿ȵ꣬˳͸ˡ
ǻû졣
˷Ȧ¶ȼգҼˡ
ֻͿ۵·һ޾ǣҲעⰲȫۣûh
ǡͽԵ侲ڣԵhǺѣᱻԵ
˵ʲôġŤԷܶԵһ˿ɼĽͼģȴԸԵ˻
ŽԵĶҼʶ˵ллҺֿ˺
۽ͫh͸ͽԵģöԽԵ˵лл½Ե˵ǡ
ôǡ㡱أ
Եǡǡİ
̣˻رܶԷĿⲻԼͬ˲輸ϣһ˶ţһ˶㣬þò
Ҽ˼ѰУݵλԵ˵𣿡
󣬽ԵĿȥУϡ
߳ŵɳһУ˯ŵ⴦
ʱҼϣǻĵؽǣҼѧµ챳ǺͽҼĺӰ
ôˣҼûĹֻĺա
Ƭ͵ƬҼ޴ڣҲŤת
̧Уݱϣǰ/˳ĳëĶ䡣ϾҲ֪֮Լ᲻̤˵ء
Ե£ҼԼˮˡ
Ե£ȥˮƹ輸ȥˮԵס
ţȥɡ
ûϵģҽѾʹˡ
ĽԵƳһۣ䵭Сûʲôġ
Ŷѵĳ˴ͷɳԵѵȲ̹
ˮҼ˹غһڡһ룬մȾĽԵϢʧˡ
ˮԵƽ˵ɣĽ͡
ԵҲʮˣϢɢڿСҼŵԵ
ĵĻ㲻ͬԵԴζ꼻
һҡҷһҹ
ʱͣһ̣½ԵĽỹûн⿪½ԵûԭֻҪܺͽԵͬһռ䣬㹻ˡ
ʱҲ飬Ϊκ಻Ϊκ˶
ֻӲͷƤǰߣ˵
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ʵҺҲûصƷ˵ܲţҸͨ罻ȺĻʶġ¼ȻƣԼò̽Է˽ֱһμ棬໥֪
ЩԣҼԺ֯˺ܶ飬Ҳ񱳿˺ܶ飬ΪľγɴԷ䡣
˵ڣƽľƫ
ԵţƫͷУݣҲһһµḧУݵ
ΪμȺθԣٵһcp˽ԼĶҼԭԭؽԵûκ
Ȼбϵ𣬵⻹Ƕ⣬Ѷֵܴᳫ
Ϊд׵졣
Ե֮ĹϸҼģԡҲֱ֪ⶼЩʲôҲ֪ΪʲôҪҼȡֻ֣֣صظ㷢ģҶ㶯Ķڿ㴲ͷȫҸ֮ǰϴߣҸ̸飬ҽ󣬻ļ˺ҸǣͬҲһҸҲԼΪһʱΣ˵Ĳʱը/
ҶԽҼãҲΪŮ
ĴɩҲʶˣֻҪǸֶӻֶŮ۰Ҽһ۰/
Եûжؽӽ㣬ûڸ̸ڼ䲻ҹҲûбˣġֻǰ㣬Ҳֻ㡣
˵⼸ʱҼȥҲƽȡ
Լ뵽ĽԵļ㣬ʰףŽԵ½⡣
ҲôԭңҿԵȵģ뿪Ȼֻ㣬Ҫң˵֡
ҼۿͱǻͬʱᣬֽץϥǣԽԽԵˣôģ㡭ҵϣ
Уݻɳ˯ţУèҳͭĴ۾˿ˡ
һûԵˣԵζû
ߵԵű߰ŲȻϲ䣬˼ǡҡ
ԵҲ΢Уݵȥ
û£УͲˡβֱ˫ۣȥԵָͷͷ
Եٿջ֡
УЩؽĻ궯Ƭ̼䣬ĳЩͳ
˼ҼǸѵġ
ΪҼŽ͵Щص㣬ȫ֮ˡ
˵侲кôġķ֮ʱ˵ٶ඼޼£ܿԼģʼҲֻԼ
Ե˼룬Ҽֵػ
ʶ󣬽ԵҼĿҼİ󣬿ҼĳϿңҼİҲҼ˸ŵ⡣
ΨûпҼԼ
Ҽ̸ûٻɹҼİ
ƭһףƭһȺҲ
ߵˣ졢hͿۡ񻶡ӽࡢŮʿͽҼõҲоõҼİжҳϣжɡ
ʲôɵأ
ǵˣҼİڶʵ⻹ݳģзȨ
鶼ֱ治壬ǰ׻ʮꡣ
Ҳڷ֤֮ľͲҼйһξ飬δϵľ飬һҼ
ŵˣԶû취һȥ
Ҽ껪İ¹⣬ʢʱȻֹǷݱˣǷݲʣҼ±Ǩò
ˣҲСȥһ˵Ĵס
Ҽһ¹ⳤ棬¹⡢⡢⣬ʲô⡭С
Ϊʲô˾ƫҪĴɩƫҪŮȡСҼأ
֣˹ڻΪеֵҲᡭԲˡǣһܹȥȻԲˡ
ڽҼֵ޴׷ݡ
ֻҪһ뵽ҼһҼͻ뵽Ҽ뵽⣬뵽뵽򿴵ҼȻ
ǰҼ̵ֻ˺Ķºһ
ùùùã㲻Ҫհ̣˿϶ʹѹһòã
հҲĻˣͲˡհ̲ˣùúհһòѽҺ̸ոոհ̴Ƶ»һҲҪùÿ
ĸҲ
ҼҼССû˵ڸ˵չ˺ܵϲϴϢúˣŻᰤ
ææҪԹĹ໥֣ҪҪŶԷĺá
Ҽĺùᴩʳסеķ棬õ
ţ˵ġ
ԵӦҼɴ⣬ΪԼӭתϲüҡ
ɱϲתԵı飬ȴԵʹ̡
ǰصذҼСϲҼСƵĶЦϲҼСƵĳҡβͣҲϲҼСƵĲ
ʱȤÿÿôʱҲ۵ġ
£ԼܲҼ
λ˼⡣ȻⳡԶ¶־ҺûоԵǷǶԴ֮֡
ӿ͹۽ǶȳرԼµĹ۵ͽ
ޱҼǲɫʵһ뼺޹صдʡ
ģ
ңȴŽԵǾ䡰ǡ


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ϥѱҼԼָٵľˡҲǸմӱ̹ǵĺ̶һ, ɪɪѪɫ, üʧȥ֪
˭ġȻǡ﷨Ե˵ɲԡҪеǣ
ǣҲ㻻λ˼
ԵġǡһҼͻŵòˡ
ԽԽԽԽʹʹʧʹ沿ʧء
촽ҧѪ, ѪҺζֵݣشͷ
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ԵȻ֪Ҽ˵, ʱҲ, ֮ڵ⣬Զһԭ¾ܽġ
, ӽϢ, μ, ȥhĿȵꡣЩҼϢϢص˺£ӿ纣Х
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Ҽʤȵһһξۼ˱Ǽ⣬һһ䵽ĵ档
ǿ̧ĨĨᣬͼһƽ΢Цȴ촽ôЦÿ
ҶסҪʱ䣬ԵģöԣҶȡ㲻뿴ңҾͲǰ㲻ҵҾͲ绰㷢ܲܣܲܣż֡ͼƬ
֪ģҺܹԣܹԵģ˵ʲôҶġ
Ҽµı΢ԴʣԵٴδҡβСԼɡ
һҼ״;״Եÿնд㻤ʦǶ˽⡣
Ҽûʧ
ҼԱˣ彡ķʽ棬ĽͶ
Ȳ죬Ϳ쵶ն飬Ҽ߳ˡ
ȥȵ꣬Ҳ뿴δַܷһˡ
hģûȸҼȶˣȥǼǽ飿
ҡͷ
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̫ϲˣϲʶûʶԣö֮ݽƫִ״̬
ܵˣ£ҲǳѼĺ⣬ûҪָֻŵ˼Щᣬ⡣
Եǰַһǧġѡ
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Сè˵Ҽɣ
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ǰֻСèĶǿĿֻ֣СèǴĿ˻ʹϢ
ԼҼ񣬱͡
һ룬棬⸱ѿᷳǲǣҺǶιҵĲɾǲǣҿԸĵģҿЦúÿҲԻÿױҿԲٸҼӴҲԡȥһ֡
ҼҪģЩԡ
Ե۵ʧأԼʧ̬ߵҼǰϵĲʣ뻳С
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ǰԲ˵һѺҼڰͷ̧ЦŮΪ㳪һɣȻȥϣÿһܰȻ˯ܡһΡ
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˺úճչĹɣ˳ǧĿż棬Ҳá
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Ůͻ죬Ҳô˵ġ
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Եûз֣ԲԣȻҲһ
˵㻻λ˼ˣǲҲ½⡭ҵѴҵ޹ֻҪʱһЩʵ㿴˿ˣͻؼɣ
Եһؼҡ

ѮݼʮҼŸ첲ص˾ϰࡣ
ϣ첲ֻҪײʹѼޡһܡ
Ĺ̬͵ģڼҲû¹縺ְ
첲ȷû𣿡칫ڣҼ
ţõòˡҴ°࣬ڹ˾Ҳػһ˵ġҼЦص
˵ʲôƱŰ˾㱨
Ǿллˡ۹ǿԱϰ壬ǧǱߵᣬҲȥɡ
ȥҲá
ٽǧ㿪̵ĽҪͷҼɽع飬ȻǺ£ԭļƻܿȥģҪȥĻһ£ȥһǺżһ㿴Űɡ
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칫ҳֽ칫ҡ
ڼܣ麣ϼܺУŲƷ̽һΡ
һЩƷǹ˾⣬һЩĸ⡣
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ǰʱҼȶܶ¶ûȥ»ְָóǰˡ
ܣлúϼĲƷǿζĴ̸ͥܵ쵼ǶҵĹػպһٽΪ˾ҵשߡ
סҾͱˡʧЦŵĸ첲ֿϼϴμ˵Ҳˡûа̺ۣסˣȫָụ̂
ֶˣôҼԳһۼû꣬ڵƹ⿴ô
˼飬˹ϵ¡Ǹһȥ
ҼڴǧüԵһģ²ڻϣܸŲһ۰칫ĽԵҲá
ԵȻ˵ճĿǾڹ׼
񣬾ǰҷܣǼ׷ܼࡣ
һ˵ǧã칫ҵļ׷ĳλܡ
˵ѾƷȨˣԺҶᣬòģԻܻ㱨
λÿᶼڣ֮ǰнܡѹһͷΪ˿
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ᣬҼٴԵ칫ңտҲ
Ե˵ģճչżҲ
һһεĴᶼҡһһΣżһ桭ô
췢ϢĶ
ˣᱩ¶ͽԵ岻ιϵҲýԵ겻ɢ
ͽԵĹϵķչ
ŵҪԵʱ䣬ŵҪȣҪ˵Թ˻صһýԵеΪѺӶλã

֪Եʣ˵Եʣ쵽˾ʱҼθ￪ʼ
ǿŲʣΪԼܳŵع˾ɳһͣͿų˳ȥҵͰŻ²ֹ
ҿԳ൱ϤȻҪµϣ๤鷳ˡ
麣ϼ״æӰͳֽݵҼУıСս㣬γŻ»Ǳԭ򰡣
ûҼιġ
ֻγĻһ³ͺˡǸθйصĳּŻ£Ǿ͵ȥҽԺ顣
Ҽµֻʣˮˡ˲죬۽ǶˮɫҲ׵ˡ
γٳţûʳҲ嵭е㲻ϰŵζˡ
ڡһƿšƿǵˮȷŲζΪҿã
ллҼЦǡ
ǾͺáҲЦγҶҪпӰˡ
ˡγԼ⡣˿ڣҼоöˣ߰ɣ¥
麣ϼŲ鸡סСս㣬θˣҪҪԵʲôȥĻģ߷šض󣿳Ե㶫ѹѹθĶģҲȥȥǻĹζ
Ҽ룬ĸеȷûȫʧβܵĻҪܾܴ֮򳵻ؼˡ
ԥ֮ʣóֻԺ麣ϼ˵Ķɣض֮Ҳ㣬Ҳ°ˣҷһ֡ܺϼһȥͣǮתˡ
ܸ
ܺЦֻûƨҾ˵ȫ˾ӵĴ쵼лҲһϼ߿ߡ
˵ݣҼŵ˵˾䡰ллܡ
ʱ㣬칫¥ݽ˲࣬ӳֻ
ܻضҼ˿ûĻ̥ӳİ
ҿ޾صӣûȫǶ⻹Ĳɣ۲΢һƣҪʲô¶ˣԼһӲѣҼˣáͬҲС
Լ©
ͣһ¥ҼһӲлܹģûʲô¡
ӵݳҼͻѳҪȥϴֵ֣ˡ
һ䣬һ·Ҳբˡ
ҪǽԵĹģõȴĹġǿ˼գûϵʹ˰ص¡
⣬Ҳ⡣
ΪǶ˵ıƷĳЩ۵СϸڡСϡ
ȻأЩûԼۡûԼǳС֮Ķ֮
ڼߣͰְĪ˶ĲĲǻһʦΪǵ޹
ԵԼָáĸԼ
ԵҲԼˡ
Լ
ڵԼԼҶᡣ
ԵΪʲô㲻ߣΪʲô㲻ңһң˵ǸԼ


83 
¥µһұ, ܺڻѡʳ麣ϼվ̨ϵͷ֡
, ջؿʱ˵Сս㿴ȵĻ͸ոգһ¥£Сսˡ
һ׷Ҫ˱͸췢Ϣʲô
ظ˵ܰӪĵܻˡ
ͽֱܶӵӪģǱ񷱶, ͨһһ졣
麣ϼ̾ԺǶˣ˵ǰʱҲ˵ϼ仰²΢
Ҽľò, 麣ϼ˵ȡ
죺ˣ
ʱڽԵ칫ҵɳļ
翪, ܼ˲ŸˣҲ˼λ, ûϢ
ڰ칫ֻнܺ, С͵һ۽, ͷߵſڿ, ȥֽһ졣
ظ麣ϼҼʲôⰡôأϲأȰȥҽԺ𣿡
ǸԵһʱˣָӽ˽ֹ̽, Ȼ֪ܺҼ֮˲õġ¡
ǰӽУ°ȥҼ
Ծûйصİ, ҼҲûʸйص¡
׷УУĴ߶ʱ, ҼԷĻƬ, ¼ϻŽܴ·
ǰҼָ֤ûԲԵ£ǾǵֱŤûͺá
ſڵ, Եϵʧ
Ҽôеռģô˵Ͳ룬ôἰͲأ
ÿաÿҹҼӰҼЦݣҼᣬҼԺε
Ҽ㻤ʦĩѾˣǶٷ֮Ҳˡ
ҼϰһͶԣҪˡ
û㻤ʦÿԵ㱨Ҳ˵ԵҲ޴ӵ֪ҼճԼҼ״ˡ
ôϰһˣ
ķ˲óԣθǣǱʲôԭ򣿽Եɵõ
ŮʿĸϢϰߣϻزرסȥʲô֮ġ
Ҳ˵ģƫͽٳû
ǾסŮ룬ŮʿϢʱ֣СյҲˣ˰ɣĩԷɣʲô̶á
ȥ֮ǰյϢȻһ䡰ˣȥ
ɡ
̾ϢŻظĸףĩ£ҼҼȥɡ
ҼֶŮŮݲһأҼԣҩ
ĸҪȥˣͱضҼȥģҼȻҲ⡣
ҼջᷢչʲôĽ֣˽ذҼϲҼҼ۰ҼȨ
ˣ㲻ĸ׺ͽҼҲǼˡ
УҾ͸СԼʱ˰
ԵˣҲûȥˣĩ³ɡ
áİɣʲôôˣҼȻͬˣûΪĵ
˵ҼҼ
ҼҼҲҶհ̲áҿǶϡ
Եûٻظ
ĸܸԹĻ˵ֱף֤Ҽûˡ⡱

ϼɣʤաϦӲߴд¥İ칫ڿůġ
麣ϼܺһʳص칫ңͣҵ裬ҲԵӰ͡
ôһ˵ͬǽ춼˼ȵ°ˡ
Ҳ֪Ц°ʱֻʣСʱһ˳ԳԺȺȣһ۾͹ˡ
麣ϼѸҼǷݵװֵŵϣʳºΰСսأ
ţûѽ
ûǸһ·ģܡأû
ºΰͷܻˡ
麣ϼ̸Ҽ绰ֹѵСսǰ°ˣСսĵԻλϡ
û켸Ǳ߾ͽˣιϼ
Сս㣬Ķأ
䡣
ޣҺܺˣԵɣ
ţá
ҼΣ麣ϼƽܸоֵֹġ
Ҽص칫ҡŨĹضζŵһŻʳҲ޺ת
ڹ˾ܲǡʹڣӦҲܡ
ϵļʳҼˣʵûθڣһԣ˴Ҳ³
ҪڴǰԼװû¶˵ӣŴһһЩ룬ڡ㡱ġ
ɽΣûװˡ
Сս㣬Щ㶼𣿡麣ϼ¶ġ
һմҼĹŲ䵽ģҼһԣǲԼˣǲԼڳʱͲ顣
θ˹Ҳ£Ͳ˷ʳˡҼʵʵ˵ǳ԰ɣҺȿȪˮͺá
ôصĻȥҽԺɣ
ǵáҼ֣û£ˣһ͹ȥˡ
ܺæ˶Ҳ㣿
Ϲǣ칫ʳǿʳû׷
ҡҡͷҼףֹʲôҲû˵ذ칫ðˡ
ҼԶԣû˼ͷ
˻յϢмҽ˲вͣˡ°ʱԣȥԳԿθġ
˵㣬벻ʣҲӦ
淢Ƕλ
ҼллƼһȥġ
°ҼԴȥˡ
һֵӼһζСţ⣬θڴ󿪣׷
ǰˣÿʳ嵭ΪҲ⣬峴󣬲մմ͡
Ϊ֪̻Ե㱨Ҳû顣
ͽУԼ
ǹҪԼأ
Եû뿪Ե罺úõģѳ޼ɵȵظԵ˵Ĳˣͷһ㡣
Ȼ⡰һ㡱Ļᣬûˡ
ҲûԵᡣ
ûԵϢûԵ绰ûò˴Եһ˿ɼȦҲûٷˡ
Եû˵ضԼ˵ͽԵŮŮѡ
ûзֻ֣Ƕ̫æˡ
æúʱһæù˲ϵҲæûͬԷ
ӣҼٴθϢƼĲ鴫ѵ򿨣ʳָ
ܿ˸áԡ

Ҽ°ߵ극뿪Ѱ˵ˡ
·˳ȥ񻶷ҽϰһжáͬ¸ƼһвϹԲˡ۸С󣬵ֵһ»԰
㲸ǲǻܺȾƣȾˣҲо𣿡
񻶵ͨ˹ʲộ̵ţˣɵˣô˵ԽԽˣ
ѽ˵һɵôףҲõĹһɵѽ
ĸιһЩʶȻòڲƣϹҲԼġ
˰ɣɵһ͹ˣһѵ㣬¶ܰİġ񻶻
ҼԵôյĳû׷ʡ
ҼԼ˵ģ˵ԵҪʱ
Ҽ״̬ģûûҲûҪҪ
˸ͷҼϢǽ裬æ˵ټȥġ
СհԵԵ˵ĩæҺҼҼȥ㡣
췽㣿ʲôʱ˲ٹȥ
ϢҼˡ
ǽԵý˵Եǹġ
Եͨĸ֤ûйԹˣûкúûкúչԼɣ
Ŷ
С
Ҽ۵ʪ󣬵ϲ
ص̣ɣҼҼϲЩһѻ򡣵鷳շңҺøݻֽĳߴ׼򡣡
УȲˡ
㻹û˵ʲô׼˵㣬ý͵ġҪԵѧǼҲġ
Ҽţϲлֱ˵棬Ҳѧء
ҼɽҩŹӼ𣿡
ǱǵӼ޵ˣһҲúóأͰʦѧա
ôУ
ô˵˰ȥһ緹
Ҽذ̣
Ե̸֮Ҳ˵Լ˵ĻͶĴʣûʲôס
汯˹ʱȻ˵ˡԲٸҼӴҲȥһ֡Ļ뻰ôĨɱҼĴڣôĨɱԼأ
ѹֽԵáɵ¡ĳ嶯Լºúڣָˮգ˵ȥĻղġ
ֻжԵ֤
ĩͷҼľһˡ
跢Ƭ࣬һƬһţУֽߴ֡
°ȥѡûҲأõæΣ־ؼˡ
ԭŻ࣬õݡ˻򵽵ԲŸ˵
𲻴

磬˸տʼһ벻Ҽļš
裿
ſĸףҼ˶ˡ
Ϊʲôû˸˵֪ͽԵĹϵȣ÷λĸŶѽ
첲ôˣһ־ҪȥҼҸ첲
ʱ룬治ܸҼɫһŮˣȲǡ
Ҽû㣬ĸǲСײŤ˼硣ˣˡ
ʲôпˣ˽һ㲻֪𣿡
˿ע⣬Ҽ̵ʣ̣ǲ۸հ̰ס̣ȥհ̡
أһۣͶϳĸŮϵ
ҼҲ˲ĸôһ˲ԭǰˣæЦ̣ܵĸףŮʿ裬ǡŮѵĸףŮʿ
ҼҲ߹̽˸Դǡ
ǡ㿴ƬİɣнҼǼСꡣ
λĸ׺Ԥ׵ؾͳμ棬˭ûбֳ飬ֻͷк
ǣŮ֣ҼҼн̡հ̵ġ衣
衱һʣڳļ˶񾭱
Ҽ죬ĸӵֿҼҼյƬƯСҲϧ
̺áСһ˶˿
Сԡı˪ŽҼ¶һЦݣתͷ͵ԼŮһۣ绰˵ҵˡ
ŶҼ˿ɶĺУò׼ĸ״ĿģǳԽ˵ʲôĻ
㣬ˣȳ緹㿴΢ź𣿡
Ҽ찢̴ҼҼңպñײˣ
Ҽô£ôͻȻˣ
Ҽ֪ҺͽԵûͺأҸô찡㣿
ʲôȥǶˣ
˵ԼȥҴƣǲõ緹ʱҲû
ţ˵һؼҺû˵ŵǺͺˣٰĵҽԺͼƬǿң˵˵Եĺá¡ԼҰɣ˵ţ
Ҽﶼһ飬ŽʲôҰ
ԵĶԻȴһֶ򲻳
ҽԵʲôأýԵҽڰѽͽҼߣԵλĸǰݶϷ
Եģⲻȼü֮
ֺܺ޵ض˶š
ܽԼͽԵġ֮ΪϷأ

緹ĴһСͬԡ
Ҽļˣֻ˸ͷͱӻһһʮʵ֪ˡ
ٽҼּѽͽԵϸܵչҲһһʮʵ֪ˡ
俴Ůòӡӵ̶ȣʹ
ŮôأľȫȻ֪飬Ůڹ
ԼҵŮˣȴǱ˼ҵĸ׺Ůչˡ
ӽ˵׹⣬û˱ϣ֡ã͸֧ȥ׷ѰԼҸҸÿԼģǱܰġɩҼǮԱҲã˼ҼĺҲϲϲòˣаӲҸʲôأȥֻȥɩҵϱŮˣôһŮװİҪ˵ɣۻȷˣñѱɩŸ㵱ϱǶðǣ
Щżȥѯʦͬϻϵ⣬ûпͨ赼
˰죬ķ
ΪĿУѯʦ˽⵽Ůһ״̬ǺҸ
һҸĸϵΪʲôͲͬأ
ѯʦ£ʶ⼸λҳǼҵĺҲͬжӣҲŮ
ҸģҲҵġ
ŮճһѣͬԵклҲ
ӺԭҲ֪ʲô⣬ʣһֶ˵
ĸŮô֡˰£ɰѽˡ
˵Ͳ˵Լ
һӣ˸˵߾ߡҪۿŮһŮˣҸŮһԸװҸ
ǸоոأּλʶɫҼẒ̌ùкܺúܺõչհ̣հҲкܹԺܹԵˣ㲻ҪҪǺòã
Сһļ仰ɹǳҼᡣ
ҼҲûԼġƸСӣֳֽ۽մմΪЦضԽҼ˵ûҪˣԼء
Ҽģɻʣ𣿡
ţҲһ֡
ҼĵظҼͣأǾԼûһ£Լڻʱ򣬱ҪˣԼСİ˻߰ɫͿˣ覴ãûڴеÿˣʱǲǾͻòģ
ţġҼƶǶصͷҲϲÿģҪúÿҪҪ͸ùúհ̡
ҼοЦＸ䣬ҼʣǽΪʲôѽ
СתҲ̫ˡҼŤͷĸףûԼشСһʵ뷨
Ϣ˵˵ǼĸͦϲҼС޵ġ
յŮʾһɫԼ𣺡ģΪǡհ̵ļˣȴûкúչһ
ô˵˵žͱǻˣҪˣ
裬ҼæضϽĻĸɾֱֽοͦõģûܿ࣬㿴кö˹ء
ı˵ԼںԭҲѣ֪ˣΪڰԼڱŮһҴˣϼһףǸѹղסˡ
ҼҲеˡ
޴̣ǲԼǻˡ
ҼԴС˵ȥ̣˵Ƕһˣǻչ˺հ̵ġ
ǵģıģܶԽʱ˿̵̬ͬܡ
أĵһ˿ռ˱˼ŮĸС
Ҽ
ͷСס̣˵ǶһˣǶúչհ̵ġϲհˣùҲϲհ̣Ҳϲհ̣Ƕϲհ̡
ããԣǽ̲áסҼ곤ߵĴȰ֮ķġ
Ҽӽ˵ӶԵ̫ˣбڼǸкӵĹԣϡ
ºˣһһ˵Ҽֱסˣˢˢ
ӶǽԵ
ԵһĻÿġ
Ե֮䣬ûڵˡ
ǽԵǡ
Ҽͷ޵˫ʶû˶ĿǿĻġ
ĽҲ˺üԼûŽĸŮǣ
ĬĬֻŮϢԵ֪æҲ֪Сղ¹ˣСĸˣںԭЩ
Եֻ˵ĩæû˵ĿæҪȥسǰ̽ԵظҼ˵ˣнԵ
Ҽǣ˵ԵϵǱææٶ
˵ĸ׽ͻȻԵҪһЩ׼治һʱ
룬ԵǱҼߡˡ
Ҽ¶ԽԵΪȣվڽԵǶȿ⣬ίԼӭϽԵǡ
ֻҪηչˡҼǺãܺõûҡ
ԵԼŮԵеȱ㣬Ҳָ
ԵϢѽԵԳеܺӣùӱܡܡ
οⲻ޹ؽҪԶ׳ŮѵĸףǸŮˡ
Ҽȥϴ˰ſԵϢǱʲô״


84 
һ¶˺ü, УУеӦ˫˫Ҽҡ
ʰо, ȥɳģҼ˻죬ȥУУˡ
ҼֻͼҼڵذ¿
ҵ𣿡
ҼͷţУУݶڴ£Ǹϡհ, Ϊʲô
ϴУУݺúúõģûжع
ҼΪҲС, ٳ, ϰͻȻô˵Ļ㿴̺ͽҲ, УУݶǸеİ, ͻẦ, ͻе㺦£ҪҸȫְĵطһ, Ӧˣٳ
ŶҼС, ץҼ°ҡ, հ, ʲôʱѽ˻, УУӦþͻ˰ɣ
Ȱﰢһæ𣿡Ҽ, ֻתҼ֡
ѽҼһڴӦհҪҰʲô
հ̺ҪҪļˣùúҼҼҪҪļһ̽е䣬еѹհȥ㽪̣̽һգһ԰Ȥ£彪̿ĺòѽհ̸㱣֤ʮӣҾ򣬿Բѽ
ţҿ԰հ̡հ̣㲻ٿޱม
հ̲ˡ
Ҽһ˫Сܵ÷ɿ죬գۼûӰˡ
˿ͷĺӰҼֻԵϢˣˣȲ֪顣
ģӦ
̺ƽиĹΧǣܺгʧصġ
Բ³û㣬Ƕ֪ˡ
룬ҼߵԼܴģҲءҪô㰴ԭе˵ΪѣֳһῴŰġ
ҼϢԵüڶԻ롪Ը˵ҳ⣬ϲȥ
ûͼɾ˱֡
Եţá
ͺ鰲ȫĿճԱٴѳ˿͹رֻģʽ
ƽĺ࣬ɡ
˲ʱģԵƱȥϾͻء
ȥĸ׵ĶԻ򣬻ظҶھƽ
ֻû磬ŷɻգԵҲģʧȥʲôҲ㣬ҲҲ½㣬ټޱ߼ʵƯš
ʧȥʲôأ
ʧȥҼʧȥˡ
ģʧȥ
Ҽ˵ȣҼδ뿪뿪ģԼ

ֵļСʱܿȥҶС򣬰Сһ˻ˡ
ҼֻԼգȻ̷ùÿ
ֽ˵ԵسزŮסŮĸǶӡ֡ҼѾʾʾΪԵĸףеĻҪ˵ġ
ҼļУһǺɽϿϦĳ
˽ҼĹ԰һ£ڿʱģҲڲ»ﶼЩˡ
С̽һвѽֱˡ
ѽѽˣҼָŻֽҽܣǹùãңհ̣°̣찢̡
ửԼհ̱ŵĶͰԼհ̺͹ùõм䣬Сְһ𣬶ӽǵұ߰һ
ޣԭ°ҲڻѽȻ״ָŻǸ°̡Ц°Ҳǵļˡ̺ϲ㻭ܲýҲĸգҴֻûȥ°̿ѽ
ȻѽҼѻŲŲڽǰģҲ˷ùˡ
ýֻգҼĿҼȱߣʣհ̣̺Ҳһ𣿡
ҼҲϻش𣺡ԵŶ̵ļҲհ̵ļأհ̴С˺öļңֻһУҲԶԺлᣬհһȥ
󣬽Ҽϵıֱ䣬˺ܴľİ㣬˫Ǹ
ӴСĵ㣬ѹˡȥС
̣Ҹոհˣհ˵ļҾļңԸ͸̡հ˵ԺȥҾٿ˶Բԣ
Сһȫʶ֯жǿжģж࡭ڳĴǸж
󣬽ۺᣬһŻһŽҼͷԣ̻úñ´ʱһٿ
ĳĬԲͬǸرˡ
һദϻһ򿪣ǰҼСʱ׶԰һȤ¶ˣýҼЦ
ҼЩΪػ˸λãЩൣ
ԭǾͲˣĸŮҼСҼ˵ˡ
һߺ庢һҲǵĶ
ԼŮȥŮѵͦ⣬ȴ˵Ǹûȥˡ
ˡ
ҼأСŶ᲻ˡ
סϻ³˲ˣΪͻǸҲΪǶҼչ˱л⡣
ҼĹۺ󣬾ûôˡ
˾ȥҼĸף̸ֻ׺ͣĴɤ顣ЩƷʣƺԼ߱ġ
İ飬ļͥ˭˵Ͳأ
ŵˣŰѽҼҼǣҼҼˣǸûؼˣհҲҪϢˡèè˵ټհ̺ͽ˵ټ
Ҽѹر죺̣ҡ
ҼѹҪհһԹԵ˯ŶȻùô죿
ðɣùù
ԡ
հ̣ƬòѽҪУУݸһģнҲҪġȻؼˣҾֿԻˣһҪööϲĻ
Ҽ˵գ뻭òУãգǶСա
ʮǰ˸ҼҼʮֶ˸ҼҼ
һж춨Եְɡ
ҼͽԵమͽԵһչ˽Ҽ
ⲻİţʲôأ
ͽǵҼһ˵˻
Լ´½һ飬ǶԴµ̬ҲһһҪΪ˰ġ
ǰˣҲʼҼˡ
Ҽ¶ˣԵİõȫ
ˣʼɻ󲻽⣬ڳĸŮʲô
˽Ǯ֮벻ԵܸΪҼЩʲô
ڻؼ·ϣͷϢԵԼƵʱ䣬Ҳ̰ĵļźӰһת˽Եһݡ
£ԵھƽЩ꣬ǼҾȱ˽Ե˶ڽԵҲ˰£ɺӰȴȻȱ
ԵԵӦлл㣬ллҼǵļҸˡ
úϧڵҲúϧߵˡϣһǼҵĺӰУСնڡ
ڸù÷ƬҼ˷ܵõȲؼˣڳϾͺ̸ùôƵ
Եҹ磬յƬʱջؾƵ˻ĸ׷ƬϢĽëȾ
ʮˣ⻹ĸ׵һθĵݡ
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أ
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ĸôһԵҲЦûסǡ
һ·Ҽְɽˮӵ˽ڰ
أ
һζûȥ˽ҼĳɳҼļͥҼġġ
ô·кüʮ꣬ǲһˡꡣԵ滹кóóʱ䣬кóó·һͬУԲԣ
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ԵǱشˣˣˣÿһ¡ָֻʹƵ
ʱʹʱʹԭΪʹ֢״صᣬᵽޡ
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ͼǣҼǹϦǷͼ
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ǻԵͼˡ
ǽҼһһΰװǵĺӰ
ʧ߶ҹٴε㿪ղؼУϤĸﰲȻ˯

ںԭĵڶ죬Ҽ٣ԼȥҽԺˣġ
ҽ˵ָĺܺãܾͿȡˡ
ټУһƵŽ˵ûѲУѿؼҡ
ֻסǧҼչ˺壬̤˹̡
ҼҲŵˣ˵ЩӻŮѻţŮȵŰݼǲź
⻰ͷȻǸ˵ġû˵ʲôȫˡ
ֻ֪˵⻰Ůͷжࡣ
ҼֻҺ˵Ůѡȥݼ˵Եȥ
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Ϊ˵ˣҼررæҲҼ
˺ı޹ӽְѺԼ˳
෽ϢһϲΧڿ۵СۣΪΡ
ϾҼԵζ˵ĸӡǹϵ¹ش󣬺Ҳ˵
ֻҧҼĻ¹ֲýԵ
ҹ񻶲ŰҼӼﾾ˳Իڲǡˡһˡ
ƭקktvҼżӽ졣
ءء
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ҲȥҼĸ첲Ҽ㣬ӽ񻶽˵㳪ɺˣһûءֵʲô裬һ𣿡
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ӽƵ˽ԵԵ㣬ѼҶˣͲٶһЩͿ϶׷ʲôˡĴ񼫰˵תأǽ֪ʲôܣʲôƾԲ
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Ҽɣѹסӽ࣬Ťͷɳϵ졢񻶽㣬æҳŲסˡ


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ÿһ죬ҼææµԼ, ҲæµʹԵʧ
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ҼŶӽ߳Ϊ׷ṩʷ񣬴ƵػִУΪҷķڹ˾ƾ
λˣһҴǧ㣬ҡǧķ, ԵᱭлŶӵĸ
ҼͬȴҲûͳ徢ߵԱߡ
ǰӪĺͻ, Ѳִټ档ÿνԵ, صʶǶʱ䡣
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ҼͷϣҼıհְ̣һòãԣԡܣ
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װεĳˣװװĿ˯ȥˡ
ԼԼڽ̸ǰ˵㲻һ룬ҲʶѣܲҪȥ/ɣ˾ͺãҾͰ˻ˡ
Եûػֻ΢΢ױʾлҼϣԴ
ƫͷſ˴ͷҼʹһһ̧ʶؽ³ۣۡ
Ҳ֪汻ʹˣǸеϤϢ۽ǵžžڽԵϣͣšۡ
ԵҲ֮ţؽ§
һ룬϶˫ֱ۽סһؼҵ𡭡
ţؼҡ
Ҽ˳ؿڽԵϣŽԵζޱİ۽ˮȴԾδͣЪļ
ϳֽݸԵ
ᣬǲġ
Ե̾Ҳùˣվߡ
ʧſڣþʧ
ǰҲһΣԵӾưȥġ
ͬǣưɵǱˡֻưɵ⣬
ʮδ̤ưɫĹԹŮ⣬һΪһʶʮŮ
㿪ֻ΢跢ļŻƬ浽ᡣ
ִһ罻öĶԻ򣬵ײСͼ꣬ѡ˺ܶŽƬ͡
Ի򶥲ǳǡ֪
ûʹù˺ˣȴҲԸ뽻εѣѴΪܡ
һܣ˼綼˺ϸ˵
ͷ·ͷ⣬Ҳȥʮߡȫء
Ҳý΢˺ﱣǮͲ򳤾˵¼Զע
Ϣʱÿһ˽˺̫䡣ߵ롣
ܣ޷΢˵
磺㿴Ů׶԰ĵһ죬ЦúܿġЦ㰡ЦʱŸְһЩ
磺Բ𰡣Ÿ㣬ϲϲǸŮˡ
磺ĸŮģҼҼһҲϲ


86 
峿, ߵ׼ʱһذ׾ֱѰֻһ, Ȼֹ
ϵۣ
յ䣬һĶ󱳵ĴʹҲ
ԺҹЩģƬΣſڵԡңִԡҵԷ, ģﲻɵ§ű˴ˣַӵ, ֪ƣ롣
Եλѿ, ϵʹʾţΡ
ֽصԡ, ҼԴ߽ԡ, ¨ͽԵ촩·, ԵˢڱҲˮΡ
ԡӽ¨, Ӿ￴ǳһĺüץۣüͷ塣

װİ
ôһԵأ
պ޵Լ, Ҳ޲/ΪԺڴϸôԽԵ
ʱ, Ƥĵط, Ҳ֪ԵûƵˡ
һҸԵӰ͸, ʲôԵԭ£ײڴˡ
ȥԼָףܶ, ڸ첲ϻصץ˼²ԣȷץۼԷġ
Һ޼ָ׵ϰߣԵȻҲָףĻ΢һ㣬ƽͿ͸Ļͣ͸ŵۣʮֺÿҲ׽Ե֡
ϰһҼ룬ԵؼǲƱˣϵˣ
͸ԵϢֱ°ˣԵҲûظ
ڳҼַԻ
ǣȥòã
ԵϢ֪ԼûԼңȥԵˡ
Ǿ͡һѡ
ʮҼŲԵҡ뻹Ǹ룬Ѳշȥؼҡ
һãһʱѵ˵㣬ʧշȥ΢¯һٳŶ
Եǻ뿴ɣʶȤ뿪ˡ
ڽԵңֻẦýԵؼңҲԵԼܲ¡
ȵʱʾϵһһر仯ұߵֱ29
ſˡ
סŲΪ߳ģ˼ҹġԵ
һ԰ɡǽԵ߹ʱ˵Ļ
ߵ룬Ե͵ˡ
ֻǻûøôҼദôҼĿǰĹϵ£ƫƫҼһ˾ͽʳǧͷ˿붼˳
ΨһȷҪҼˣҼҲֻġ
ҲӣҼʰоֵĻԵȥϴ衣
µٶ޼ԵϴҼҲɳֻʱ䡣ûл¡
ҡˡ
һ¡
Ե͸ĵ˯ȹȻѩ׼֮ȫҹҧİ߲ۼСǳ
һġ塭ûסĵطô࣬סĲ֣жٰ
ܶΣһֱСչŽԵĸܣֻԵõ顣
ԵҲֻǸزĶʹݣʧ˿ץĺۼأ
޷룬ҹԼж¿жضûִ磬ѽԵҧжۣŵ¹ֵĽԵ۵ץ
Ҽ͵ԭأں޽ӣֱݸԵ
ֱֱضţԵȻ֪ҼʲôǸҼģҼԼɵĺ£
ҹĳ˿ʹš
ĳ˶ϧϧǼءǡ
ѷĻʲô˳ĦҮͷײп񱩵ġҰǣץҲǻã
Ҽ΢Ƥ֮ʹƤˣҼȴƤˣõҼϸƤ˾ˡ
Ӱóһҩݸĳˣûȥ
յԵĹģҼٻ̧֣ûȥҩУȴס˽Ե
װ˿۵ġں󱳣Ҳ
ץģ㸺
ֻڵĿռҼ㹻ûûƤԵҲǵֵס
ǰǰϲҼΪξͲҼԼأ
ϲҼֺγǱѹʮ֮õıԺͱأ
ΪҵʵԼΪʧԼ̸˵ҼûбøҲûбǡҪƽʲôأ
໥ݣ໥Ǩͣ໥Ӧ໥ĥϡⲻÿһ˶Ҫߵ·ҪĹ
ȥججһ·صʶҼǰ״ַ̬·ûлصҲܲӵĿտյ壬һľ˯á
ҲͼæµĹʵԼԼϾȥ˼Ǹ£Ҽ£ȴڻжҪƵƵ
û⵱ʧķʱ޿̲뿪ҼǡʧϵʧǾϵʧ
ʧ߸еķӦռˡ
ҼܣܣƫҪȥһΡʧĿࡣ
ɳϣ¶ҵtҼſſԵ̾Ϣϥȱߣҩ
ÿһͿĨëɨ/ʹ
ˡ
һ꣬Ե߼λò˴յ
ĳ˱˿ĶҪ죬һתͱͷϣܼ࣬ҪҸģôģô˯˾أ
˭˯˭
Ҹо˺üˣٲҺͺãҶҪˡ
˭ϣ
ԲŪˣԺ󲻻ˡ
·á
Ҵ
Ƥĥĥ䣬ҼʼûʽԵԼܲޡ˼ȥΪ
ڽԵİ´·輸ϵҩ࿴һַ¡
ԵûȥŲã
䴫ͷ߹ȥ̽Դ￴òǧţǵ¡
ţɽǵڡ
Ե˶ãҼɵɵĿ˶á
ȥ
յʶҼһ㶼ѹýԵվǰһɿһڡ
ͷܡ
ܱߺȥҽܶҸ𣬸Ҳҩ
ſֹأԵ㶵վϴſڡ
űǡҼճֻпĺͻϲûʹࡣ
ңԵſһĴͷٴλطھưʱ˵Ǽ仰
˾ͺãҾͰ˻ˡ

һ֪Щʲô
Եɳùϵֻͨ¼ĵ绰롣
ͨ󣬿żɽСпհɣһɡ
Ǳ߳Ŵ𣺡ð

ضΣЧõİڣԵԼʱǰ˶ʮӵѡģҲȵ
ֻҼ緢ϢҲԷѽ
ظһԼԼԡ
ҼʲôûֽεεػأŶǾ͵Ҳҩѽ
ôϢģȫֻҼһˡһ޶
ɱˣҲÿɰ
ֻáŤ̬Ŀ
ãûٵŶ룬;ж·³ˡǡû°ʱߵİɣҺͿˣĶʲô̶°ʱ䡣˵æöʳˣôпԼң
Ƿһٷ
º˱ҪˮҼû˵ǷҵǶ٣ǰԾƴѾˡ
ǷǾƣɻΪһ̸ԵѲ˵ƹȥС˰ɡ
ˮڣûô˵ҷײҼһ٣ǡҪһΣ
ãˮҲٷ
粻ˣ˲˵ˣûԵǸеĬıɽˡ
˷ԱԵ˵ݳ鷳һϡ
ϣػؽ
Ȳʱʣʲô
ġ
еĮ黹Ҫ֮޲
˼ԲõϲˣֲԲÿԷ˿ɿǿɿڣθǷѣÿ˶˼ڣҲûԾͣˡ
ԵθҲãǻڼǶٲͷ
ȻˣԵҲֱ⣺˵˵֪⡭Ҽɡ
ҽԺǴΣưǴΣԵز׽翴Ҽʱζ
ʱֻȡ򣬵գɵ֪ñǶ࣬ǰȡ򣬱Ҽľ𣬱ҼΪʲôнҼ
ϣʣҼԼ˵ʲôⷢʲô
Ƭ𣿡
Ե˵Ƭϲ˾֮ɫ˭뵽أ
꣬ȷѺҼ붼ޱظ߸磬͵һƬ
޸񣬲λƭ顣ǰҲѣܽ崥ĵһˣҲΨһһˡҲ̸ģʲô
ҼҲȷͶʯ·ȾҲҵĻң֪֪ΪʲôҪҼȡнҼ
˼ͨ͸ҼֹⷢûԽ£ôŽԵģĪڽҼ֡
ڱҼͽԵƵҼյ죬δĳһ쵱٣ǽ⿪Ľ׼
ֻ΢ղؼУ㿪˵Ƿ¼󣬰ֻŵԵǰ
Ӧܽеʡ
ĻĶԻʱǽҼ¡
磺Ҽȡ֣й𣿡
⣺УҲûС
磺ӵֲǶϷ
磺㲻ķʽƭƭ
⣺磬ˡ
⣺սǲ뵽ȡҼֵġ
⣺ҼҼҼҼ
⣺ɣ
磺ȷʵ
⣺Һֱ˼֣ҼȡģҲѡġΪǻǰ˵ˣŮֻҪһӡ
γĶԻԵ޲ֻݻ˻ȥ
ֻ̬˿ظؿڣҲǹ㵣ǵ¡˵˶ףһ굽ͷͻؼΡҹӦҲ֪ȥǰʵѾ˽ܰ⣬һӵĿࡣ˵ǰ߹ÿһ·ڣⱲӣҲֻôߵˡ
Եת
£ĸҲ֪飬֪ˣֻԹ޴ŶӶϱȥҪ̥Լ
ΪŮĳ̶ȣ氮ˡ
⣬ԽأԵȵİ֮٣ԸһӸ˭˵Ͳǡأ
ԵʣԼʲô˵ҼİҼİأ
۰ǳ٣ȲҼ
ǰҼġ
û񰮹Ҽˡ
ǧǧ֡
Ϊֵõ£˾ûʸòֵ
ҼǽĽΨһ
Ե̬£֣ضмض˵˾䣺лл
ллΪллûнһ¸֪ŮʿҲлл˽Ļ
ݸһЦ½Եĸлţ˹ڤڤ֮ɡʹɩ֮飬ΨһıŮܸǿĿֵسһеǳο
ġ
֡
ԵĬ
ôѰıǹϵףȴǶôѵõᡣ
ҲʧȥԲ֪䡭жɹ
飬ûҼǵ˽ҼּΪԼ޴Ӹ
ҼȽҼǼҵһʹĴڡ
ʹ˼䣬ʹԽ׺ߣӱϧأʹһΪ˵ʹ
µػֻҼԻ򣬼ּشֵţҡ
ʹ
ݹֻأҲֻʹҲԸٴ
ٱǰһɵظԵЦ˵ʵԷʱ䣬ͦߵġ
ҼཻĳزĿԿ̽ҼһһС
һŮжá
Ǻܺá
õϲϲѪҲϲ
ϣûбҼǸʺԵҼɳˡ
˽ģȻҡԵܲ
ΪԵġð֮ԲʱȴԵȻţΪСˡ´ΣС㵽ԡҼҼĳɳ·ϣҲҪְ̡
̹ȻӦȴ֮

ԵҲ˵ҵʱһ¡
ûŵ㣬ҲûжߵżҼɳϣ˯ˡ
˵ȡ
ҼҼҲǶûб䡣
ĳһգɽֻǶһҼͱóӯ˺ܶࡢܶ࣬Ҳ˵
Եһɳϵ˾תˣǱŲѣǣԵ϶صϢѵġ
ҼȻûµأͱĽԵס˴
Ӿ㵵ϲ̶ֻ룬ֵҼͰԵ͵ȨֱײƳǳأʧõİ˴ǵذ
ԵδҹԼ档
Щ£ǲⲻĽᡢᣬбҪ֪ҼбҪ֪
ֻ˶ͲغгͷβûἰҼйġ顱Ҳûʹһ䣬Ҽֽ
пģǣֲǰʲô˵ʲô˵Ʋ˵ƣֻҪ֮㵽Ϊֹ
ҲΪʲôԵҹδ׷絽ϲŮ˻ˣлУ
ţ˹ŵǣԸΪչ˽Ҽֿѡ;ͬ飬ѷǵУԳϴ֮
Ե
ǵ飬ҼźƵƫͷڽԵϣŽԵᴭ
ţӷ˼г룬ԵҲͬҼ
ɳߣС֧ܽţվסˡ
˾ҰǱ񣬱ˣҲˡҼһ棬ϲģֻҪǡҼС
ҼĴ޵ᴥڽԵŨľ༡ϣǲֵȵˣǲֿԹһˣǲǡֿԺ˯ˣ
󣬿ˡ
ĵصȣȵԵʣֺңǨң𣿡
ʶĻ
ȴҼǰ·ϿѾõɢȥȻʣ¶һͨؾĿׯ
ҼЦ𿪡
Ϊ֪ĽֳŮٴΪ·Ϊ·ˡ
̧ͷǵزŽԵıǼ⣬ҲڽԵȥͶ൱٬ܴԲӣҴӲֺǨ㣬ۣ˽úء
˵һ½ԵĴЩ
һ±ӡ۾ͷЩЩֻȡԼ
˫ĴͣĶϣһ˱ϲġ
Ҳϲġ
ԵӦȴԺоþûص
һԼõʱ⣬ഺ֪е
ʮɢ޳ĹȻˣҲ޴š
ǵжˣ˲ܴԽ˺ӵܽ
Ҳá
ҼһΣһΡ
Ӵˣٲˡ

Կܵһ磬׶԰ΪС׼һССĽεҲ˼ҳμӡ
Ƿݿγ̱Դעġ
ν˵ûԵ˵ˣֻҼϢܲ
Ҽ˼˵һܡҾڽԵƤӵ¡
˷ɳϿţҲֻǽԵ濴Ҽſž͵ȥڽԵԳ
ϢҼֻһ飬ڽԵϺߺҲ䡣
ԵߣèҼĶ䣬ʱʱƳһ۲輸ֻҵȣֻϢ
˯ûȵĸ׵ϢҲûȵĸ׵ĵ绰
ҼϢʱϢݣ˵Ե
ҼûҪҪһȥԵֺδӱ̬
ҲԼȱϯĸ׺ġ
⼸Ҽճһճˣȴ࣬ľ˵ˣٰѽԵզ죿
˯ǰԵĺܲƽȣҼ̲סˣ˯ǲ̫̫ˣ
˵žҪˡ
Ե˳طȦסԴҲøˣ//ϡĥ
Ҽֽ޴룬һҶҡ
Ҫºݿҧɣ
ˣԵЩ/ҧĺۼûˣɫĿġ
ٴķģҲڿ˼ֻףû֡
Ե켸㣿
ʲô㣿ڣĳ˾ͱҧˣӴ˻ҼҼĽε𣿡
±ҧøظˣ㣬㿪ʼԼһСʱ󣬼ҳǾʹӸظˡ
ˣȡ֮ʪ//ͷ
ҼΡΡḧԵͷһȥɣ
ţҡ
ŽŮƲΪ¶
Ը󣬽ԵΪԼȡ֡ĳжٸӣˡ
ҼʱҪȥԼŮ˽סŵӸ//Ӷ촽

Ҿףײ۵ģ㲻Ҳ
磬ԶʦҳС׶԰ڻһá
ʦǸݺǵԸʣ˲ͬĽƣÿλСѶ̨ܵ˱ãС컨ͽ״
ҼˡǶǡƺţۼһʮС컨һѧġ
ùáհ̣кöС컨ǲǺ
ùˣҼȸԾСûͣȵһջҪˡ
ţҼҼˡҼͽԵҼ̨콱϶ԺЦݣ꣬˵ˣվãڸءùҲǣɵվţѧѧңȸô𣿡
ǲѣ߳ܡ
վ̨Ǽˡ
̨¾ֻ¼Ľˣ̨һҵһСۿˮ
һΣԵûȱϯˡ
һڵƬ跢Ȧóֻ
ҼյƬȦܷһʱͷ˽ĸסʾ˽ԵûְƬϴװ򣬰˴ͷϡ
ֻԼ֪ƵͨˣѴͷƬôһװȥ
³ûĩҼͽԵͱҼ㽫װõˡ
̣ٿûУҪҪıߵһ£
Ƭǽλһ̶ģǽнҼķֶ
ˣϴֳԷˡ
һӵĲˣмҼûԹĲʣ෹ˣЩ˷ѣֱֲ˵
Ͼʽ̤ԵҲãʳϰвʵǡߡӳ飬
ҼҼϲǸ׶԰Ļ¾ȥǶѧˡҼͽԵʱ˵мҪǵ
ҼסԵ֣˵
ҼҼס𴦣Ȼʧ̫ľ˾˶ӣԿηҼҼĽɳΪҼҼΪǣҲΪԼɣʱȥ¿ʼˡ
ҼҪһȫµĻҪһܷǵͯꡣ
Ҳֻ뿪ǲΪһ¼ҡ
룬֮ǰҪڡĸ˫£Ͷͬ۹⡣
ҼͽԵԣԼͬԷ񽻻ǿ̣֪ԷԼһµġ
µסҪЩģЩģߡԵֿҼǳǳЦԴᣬǸЩģ
ĸװͷˣֻɩŹһ꣬ĸԴ״̬ڴӱʹлǰסϻиС
⻹ʣȻǸġҼһֻȥ裬ŮȵͷȥԺںԭأ̾ҵĴɽˡҪңҾȥ̸״ȥҼҼҡ
Եĳ˵֣衣
ң
ˣˣ˴һסֱֱ˵ȥɣСĿ
ţټҼƤȫûܵӰ졣
ٹ۽ԵŤͷ˳
ҼȥӽԵ°һģҲ˵˳극ҼǱ߹ҹ
ôϳԵԣҼûϵȫ֪̽ʵ
뱻ĳˡȡЦԵ䵭ż罫ƻλ
ӵ£ܶˡպĳЩ״Ҳ·
ĳЩ˱ŻЦװܴءŶ󣬳䲻Ѹײڶ֮ƣչȥڽԵϰһڣֵܺߵӣرɰ
ýԵʮӵĳûͬ˵һ֡
ϻȥŽԵڿ쵽ˣҼڴеѳֲס
ǿƵѹĥӲݣǵǸǺҴˣҲڳ۸㡣㶼ҺüˣҷĲؿҧˣ´Σԭ
ܹô͵ȵԵġת⡱Ҹÿˣȫ˼ڽԵϣû̫ࡣ
ͺá󣬽Ե˵Ҫͷվƺʧ£ͬ˯ҹﶼûóѣȴûãػõǷ
ڷʧˡ
ɲֻԼѰԵͲѰ
ԵǰתѽҼ첻У죬Ҹ׵ļա
ѹֽڹսȥԷѹֽԵ°ô׼ʱ
ѹôˡȴΪ˷ѡ
ԲҼˡ
¡Ҳ㲻ʲôɻ䣬ֻǡ
šҼԵͷȥɣͬˣ廹ûءҵȥļͷģıšŮͱŮҶչ˺õġ
Ҽ̫ԴǣĿڻһ˿㺵ĽԵ׽֣Сҧһڣ
ҼȴûٴˣɫǺԣǱԵı

ѮǧٿŷҹҲǧõƹ״ࡣ
΢ĽԵӱ㿪·ߡ
ܣҼˣҾͲˡ
Ҽ
ǵĽܣݾҼ㡣Цҷǰ档
Ϊ˶ĿʻλϵҼ³ȽԵڸʻãժѼñЦڣȥԼѽ
㼸ģǵҼȥ϶ȼæҲˣԵûӡ
Сʱǰɣڸ˯һƣͼʻġ
ĺǽԵһִٳɣϣԵ˲پƣƴǲ־ơ
ϳ˯ĵҼʱͣ˽ߡ
԰ǧ㣬һ긶Ѫĳɹ
ʮ㣬ҹһƹ㡣Ҽǣ֣ǧĿҶǷ
ǧԵ˺֪మ˽յѷ֡
ƶǧ׳뷱ʢǧ֤ǵİ飬Ҳؽ֤Ƕɡʸ־δ
ҼأԵӦţǸֵüӡ
з޼ʣ׷Ǵз绨ѩ£ûҼڲ࣬ÿһӶѵζ
ҶྡԸȴŰ볾֮Сĳ֮ڣ̰һʱ棬ϲ빲
ʮѤöĿĵƹĻӰɢȥؼ䰵ЩҼΪԵ˸Ĺ⣬ʼš
ԵǳȶŨҵĿ⿴˶ʮָ۵֣Ѵ֮˹
Ҽ⣬ɿαϡ
ϵǣϵ壬ϵ꣬ϵûбԵˡ
೤ǻδҼͱԵһκС
ֿԵԵ򿪿
Ҽǵӡ
ǰǸµͽԵʹҹҳ⣬ĿýԵźӿۿԵὫŽġ
ʱû飬ģǽԵҪ͸
ôСһκУװʲôأ
ǡ
źӵֲܿƵ΢΢סֳڴش򿪣һöָ
Ľָ
򵥱£ƽɫɶҲ͸ԵǶԶ֮ͬ
㶣Եȡָ֣Ըػָָ ǷҲġŵ
һǺϲ˵ȽᡱȻҲԼӵһݸ顣
һĲӱ£ˣ˵Ļ
Ҽһӣ𣿡
áһӣ㣬롣


87 糡
Ѯ, ҼԵͽҼһ˼ҡԵ䣬ĸԵ֮䲻̲, ֮С
ҺнҼͬУֵ˽̺үүĶ౶ġ
ԵȻ٣ȫټĴҲռҸĸ˳ȳصӡ
һһһһȡ
˭˵Ǿأ
⻰˵ĸģΪ, ԽԽ䣬ԽýԵǸԼŮ׵Ůǿˡ
ǰǣԵҼ, 档
ֻĩദʱ䲻, ޷϶Եж棬Ϊʱ򿴵ĶҼ޾ϸչ˽ԵҼֶ
ҲûԵҼʹӷƢ, ǽҼżҼ̫, ᱻԵɡö¡
ÿÿùáɡ, ҼȥҽѰӻ״, ùΪʲô׼հ̰˯Ҳұհ˯ԼȴҪ
ͯ޼, ЦҲǣҲǡ
ֻܰŴڻ, Ҽ˵ǿ϶ǹùõС, ҹº, ԲҪհ̡ҼҼӴҪùù, ֪
ԴˣùºڣҪհ̲Ÿ˯ͳ˽Ҽͽ̵Сܡ
أ仹Ǿʹ¸ҼѣǵСӵ棬ҪܣܰôСĺӴƫˡЩٸ١
ȥվʱֱ˽ԵͽҼһһҲϿҼͽԵ¹ϵ
ǴκÿҼҼҼһƵ
ʱԵҲڣͷͻẰС衱ƺӽߥġ
ҼС̣ԵɲֻСˡ
һڻȥʱӽҲҼϵšϲ
֮죬ҸĪҼˣԤʾͽԵһӶô˳عˡ

ĳʱڣѵµһĩرʺ˯
Ҽڴۣû˽Ե¶ȣϤζڡ
ĥһʱŰ˵룬׼ȥԣڵķžͱһС˶ƿհ
ҼСܹϴſҼ
׶԰ѧһˣҼ˵ĩͽԵӳȥѧ̾ͽ˽ҼԵҡ
Ҽڿͷ˯СһŻصԸԵһ˯ġ
ţհҼҼҼñӽСһëë棬ʲôѽ
гԣ
㿴˭Сѽ
СӣҼЦڴϷǻɺСӣ
ţررƯСˣȥϴˢ
ˣҲҪհ˯һҼҼ
úúã˯Сʱٶˡ
հˣ
ҼذСһź򡱺ã̺ͽ̴С档
ߵĳǽҼĿɽҼʵ飬ͥġСڡǶҵ
࣬ԵӪĿֽӴ˹󣬿
һݾͱǰľסˣذϵճɫƤ࣬ǸſڵСһ·Ҳǡ
Ҽأ
ܺãҼɳϴüһСɫƤ࣬ǵһ룬ﻹקһɫƤࡣ
ùСһվƨƨܹȥҪԵȣ֪Լҹùܾ
ֵСһͷվű𶯣ϴɾұ
Сһһίؽָͷùúס
Եֱӡ
װжǸҼѧġ
ԽҼһץҼӰ˸ܣôӵģ
˯͵ҼԵôһڣо궼ɢһ롣
ǽԵЦװ
ԵҼؽĽԵûˣ΢˻Щ߰ģŪģ˭Ūľ˭ʰɾԭ
ͨ£Ե£ƫ̻˭ֻҹᡰ衱Ǹʧ
ҼҼɵģһһСҼͽҼ໥ָŶԷͬ
ܺãѧ˦ˡ
ҼҼҸʮӡԵ֣ض¸ʱ޾תҷߡ
߳ͣˣ˻ȥŤͷһԹҼ˵ȸߵǰ
ʰɾҼŽɳ
Ҽù˺󣬾ʵʵǽߡվҿùá
ҼߵԵǰԤ׵ģԵһǣȻصͷţˣȥɻɡסֻʮӵʱѿͽҼɾҪաװܣ
û顣ĻŭŵˬӦ
ʰӣ˰ռƻҼҼŹ䳬СǺhͿԼȥ¶Ӫ
ݲɹ嵥ܶƷǽҼûģ쳣˷ܡ
ҼҲ˹ΣҼʲôܴ
ڽҼҼ֪ʦǱ׶԰ʦҪʥʦ
׶԰СʱĿͷҲˡհ˵
ʮˣҼ˷ܵ˯ţհ̣Ҹ͹ùһ˯òã

ҲùģҾ˯߱ߣùñ㣬㱧Һòã

հ̣Ҳºڡ
¸Ƿľˡ
Ե˯߲ãһ㶼Ҽ˯Ż˯ðЩҼҹΣѺ󣬽Եͺ˯ˡ
Ҽ۽ԵҲ۽Ҽ
֪ҼѾԼ˯ˣעҼĶǰԵ
˯ϣҲŽҼýҼԼ˯żԵڼңŻҼ˯
һ˯һĴĿǰֻΡ
ҼӦʱԵűߣٲ˯ҪͲˡ
ߣùûҼĹĵѣҲŲհ̣
ŶԣҼҼԵСѧҲûٵҼЦãһĺҼһ̧ʾԵСһſˡ
˰СʱҼŽ˯Ρ
صԣԵҲĵûݽɳŵԻֻ񣬶˴
Ҽݵ죬ۿζ˵鷳š
һ룬ķϵ¶˱ƬѩףԼ˫ֱ۰׵ĴȣҲ߿˱ӡ
/İʾ/ҼֿˣŹصһǳɡ
Եô
ˣеƺ߶Ҽϯ̽˶
˭˵СǱйľĺúӵģԵץĳ˵ļ磬ƫͷ/Ϣװġ
ﲻԣﲻľˣָΰѹΪԼֹ
ĳ׶԰Ĺ¼һɶˣ

˵š
˵ҼһڣСʹҪԼԼܡ
Ե϶ģҵ˼ǡ㡭ţѽҼùֻúöˣҲֵ㡭
ͷǿҧҼĶ䣬ƵۺʱҪǵãҪġҡ
黰棬һҩЧҵĴ//

ʮ㣬ĴһС¶ӪװڽߵĲݵϻϡ
ǰҼԵһ߳ʱﻨĴ졣ʱǣҲûʽ̸顣
תۼ䶼ˡ
ҼͿ۸Եh̷Ұ͵棬ڷʳ
Ȼϸ¾ʮ·ݰ»ƽжʮңڻ϶ǻġ
hʪֽͿ۲Ϸ޶ˣͲ۹⣬˵׾ס
ȻҲֻճһַʽһ֡
ҼڲԶɳɳӣԵӰ£
ҼյԵǰ۽㶼յhĽˣҲҪ
ԵһȣҼһ
ӱҼеĿ⣬Ӳϳ˼ֽ
ĽѾˡ
ҼԼֽӽϵĶͯ±ҹȥҼҼ
ôһ˲䣬ҼĽͿ۵ġ
hͿ۵İ¶ڲ䣬ҺΡ
ˣĽǵġ󡱣Ľǲںʱεأܹ˼ɵشݰ⡣
ͽԵֻܡ㡱صĿռӵ
ʶԼ̰ˡ
ҲʶԼԽԵռԽԽǿʶͷһ賤ƱػӰ쵽ͽԵĸ顣
Լ
ڻýԵᵽĳԵΣϢ
Լ³çٶŵԵǽԵԺֻҪڹϸԼദʱͶᵣԼΪ
ǻˣ
Сʱʱţɫе˲ӪҲеʰ½뿪
ҼҵһСѻڽ߼ʯ𾢣ɫСˮͰװ˴ССʮŸɫ·ʯͷ
ҼӵԵǻĵ绰󣬿˿ϦµķȥнҼҼҼˣǸûȥŶС˵ټ´ٳ
ʱҼС黥һСʯͷ
ͿhߣҼǴӦ˽ҪȥǱ߳Է̫ɽ͸ˡ
պǴĶҼͿh𣺡۽h㣬ǾȻȥˣ´Լ
۰̫ḥСʯͷ͸ǣллǽҼǵһμ̣һ㶼
ŶллҼҼ´ùùúհ̴кöСè䡣
ţϲСè䣡
ľջԵǣŽҼǰ棬Ҽų
ͷȥͿۺhϯض
Ϳhļ磬ʵؿڻ˶ĥ˵ֻжԷĻ
һ磬ڽҼСһڣҲһЩ롣
ָֻˡ
Ϊ̫ģҼһ죬ϳԷʱͣס죬Ȳλ̷Ȥ¡
λýζҼȴЩĲɡ
±迴ԼķĵƬѡ˲ַ裬нҼģҲнԵġ
յƬߴôûƬҼҼͽԵĺӰҲЩҪ㣬ҿҲѿôĵӡСգҵһԱǶҪĵġ
Ǿ仰ΪֹҼӽжĻ
ҼĺӰ˲٣ԵһźӰҲûС
ȴԵ˵裬Уҷ
ԵֻĵҼͽҼɳءʯ̲ϷˣƬҲмhץ˷ģҼҼƬ
ðⲿֻڴԭǸܶ࣬ƬƵװ

ӱԵҼݣˣɡ
Ҽͷû˵ʲôϳƣˣر˯һ·
ҼҲڸţĵȻԶȽԵĶࡣ
ǽصҼҡ
źҼԽԵ˵˾䡰ȥϴ衱ͱſڽǵУס
һԲظ飬ʰɨһͨ˯´䣬ŷֽԵŰ·
ôûϴ
Եɳ㡣
ҼЦǡһϴ
ԡԵ˱ǽߣֻҧصĶʣ˵˵ΪʲôͻȻģ
£Ҽ򴽣˫ֻסԵ
ĵԭҼݡ
Ҳ˭Եദ̹֮ϡ
ԵܷģΪʲôģ֤ԵĹĺˡ
̾̾°ڽԵ䣬ƽȴ͸ŨŨʧ䣬ԵǲԶ桢˵ĵط㡢㣿
ڽߵʱԴҼͲôˡ
Ѿע˽ҼϣͿȥȥ֣h衣
ԭҼٴ⵽ԼΪľܾŹԼԶԶġ
hĻ
Ҽ˵飬
νġ󡱣һҪڴ֮ͥӵ
̸ڼ˽ܿռԼδܾҼ׽˵ˡ
ҲѻѵϿɣϯͥ۲ͣԼѾ۲ͣŮƣˣ
ûõԵĻشҼ˵ʧǼٵģҲȫֽԵԼۺ족ˡ
ڿˣֺ˼롣ǶˣȥϴɣҺۺ

Ҽ磬ԽԵûʧҲֹΪ£ΪԼһһСˡ
ϸµף˾ƲһʵϰһʮŮӣƽרҵƱҵͻƷɫ뷨
յƸλʵǴڱ״̬¾յͶĺܶ಻ͬƷó˵ƷǰƷ󣬷ܼ
ʵϰᣬһġ
ʽְһҼر飬ӽҼǸָҼ緹ʳ̲֮ġ
ڵݲˣʹãʹߵҲˡ
˵ڰ칫ԵһܺãŮͬǶϵҲЦһƬѹûע⵽һ⣬Ϊ˳էô޷Ϊ˿뼯塣
ֱܹȥҲ°һδĸݣܲһ̣
ҼǸϺˣְе裬˰ǲԭضԱ˺õġ
ˣָͨͬ£İߣ㲻ѵˡ
ɴϵؾܾһġ󡱡
ֱ˵Ҳ˳·
һ˷սСսϸңĶҰӡû
ҼĪҲϸٶһ˺ü롪˼˾֮⣬Ҷûӡ³Լȥɡ
һŭЦͳֻһƬҼСսģһǰھưɻҺȹƣȻôˡ
Ƭһھư͵ĵҼĲ
ǼҾưɣһƫƧĿͲɣҼʶԵǰ⼸ȥĵط
ҲʱҼڻһйġһ֮Ե
ȻԵͬ£Ǿͺúͬ£ڹ˾벻Ҫд˽˸飬ǸȰˣҲǸ˽ˣϣҵĹҡ
СսҲԵ
һ³Ҳ˵顣
ңûŮѣ
޹ء
ô޹أϲ㰡㿴׷
Ůѡ˰ɣ
УҲţ
һҪٺ֣Ҫ̫֡
ҿŮѱˣǲҲĵġ
Ůѣƾʲô㿴
ߣ㲻ңңҸңƭˣ̸ɣҲزأһ󷽷ܸҵļ˺ѣǶ֪֧Ůѡ㿴Ҷ͵͵ϲһˣҵĳ⡣أȥư翼ǿô칫ðñ˼֮ࡣ
ûƭ㣬ҵȷŮѡָҲԼģŮ͵ġ
ҼΪ׷ʵϰģͱˣԵҶԴ⣿Ȼٴ㣬ָңҵԵˡ
ŮˡִңҼһͷ
һ첻µزµӣҼ֪ԵŮѵġ֣ʱֳָʲô
һϰ࣬ԭ;ǷѵҼʼܿһĽӴ
һϸĸҲ̫Ϊڻ˻ȥܰ칫ҲֻһյС⡣
һ°ʱ䣬һҼߣһ¥Է
ǰҲȥԹһʱһʱвͬһסķңʵڲͷŴѶţһΪڸᡣ
ҼԼ£ֱȥ˳⣬ؼ˯һҲûԡ
˯˯ţСһʹˡ
ķˡ
һСսڶ𣿡
һ˵ˣֻҪ֤ŮѣǺమҲ㲻š
һϲ㣬ϲСûֶƻŮѸĵز
һңһЩദ˽˴˵ʱֱ̫Ҿһ㡣
˿ֹʹҩҼ
Ϣ˼ô׵ظһһʹ˲ٶвʵʵĻ롣
һ֪ʲôӦҲ㣬ҾͰֵַģСãùţǷȡ𣿡
Ҽ˵һΣŮѣҺܱܰġ
һҲ𣿡
һҴСҸ߻ǰֻݣҺÿжÿ
ˣһͲŮѣ˵ٶ඼ãǱýԵɡ
Ҽһֻ㣬ÿ˶Ѹ鿴ñҵأҲÿͬ߶ҡУۡǲع⣬ֻǲ鷳ңҲԼ
ĹһͣЩ
ûٶƵڣҲû΢ʶ麣ϼദ
ɵ壬һֹʼʩҼ˳
Сս㣬ֺܱܹ԰ɣ
ţڹ˾͸ԹΪء
ǡܲң
ܡ
ѾĸСסˣһңٶôģҾֻȥǱⷿӣżˡ
ҼһĿĲݵִǼˣԵ绰һ֤ŮѣǷ涼һǿٱŮѣһ֪Ѷˡ
ܶģ¡
պǧǺλһ׷ضֻҪ˶ãͻְе˼ʹϵӶɵԵͷϡ
һǸСһղģһղð
ܣһ㿴뿴ġ
Ȩ֮ƣҼԴ˴һϸĽԵƵͨʱ̹״ӿؽ⼸ܵķ¡
Щ֡Եﲻʹ죬δϱ֣Ҫʲô
һСѾͷڽԵƲС
Ϊһʵϰ¶ҼܹϵҼҹ˾ĲӰ죬ʵûҪ
ԸҼŮݳȰҼİĽߣǰĽǿԱСضȻ󲨡
һζֻͷϾܾƺĲһֱȥ
״̬̬ܵţҼҲ޼ƿʩˣҡҫhæ
hٰŮѣ׳©ӣҲ桢ȫյġĸʮˣж꣬ҲԷµᡣ
Եްþò֪Ҽǰʹ˲ų²ߣǸо
ĵкü
ΪŮȴΪ˽ΧŮѸ˰ܵ£ŮΪίԼŮѵġ⡱ȴ˵ڣҲ
㲻˵ǡͬҵ뷨𣿡
ҼҲڴڴԵ뷨ڴԵ˵̼죬һ㴦
ȻԵȴ˵аվСأԼ˶ܵ˺

ԵŻҼȥ˽Ҽhè˳hٰȰһĿԡ
ҲûҪʵʩһĳ̶ȣԼ¶ǽˮˣ²˳
ұƽhѰ赼˵ܻһ³յᣬùԴС
ûɣ˵ҰŮѣ
ȾҰɫh㣬߰ҳ⣬Ĳˣ˵ʲôţǸ۶
ԵأҲͬˣ
š
һкöֻèĳҼòֺ
Լһè״ĻɫСǿѧǰҼ͸
ҼȥʱصذѰǰú̺ܽհ֪װʲô
ҼhĵؼҼèǱܹ߳
հ̣հ̿ҡ
ҼĺҼhŵ
ôˣҼ첽ȥҼǰ²鿴ûˣˤˣǱèҧˣʹ𣿡
ʹҼҡͷקһֻ֣ҹز
ҼɻؽӹֻʣֻǴĶõģ
̵̷ֻڳûˣǰùգ͵͵ˡ
ǼĶͺð졣ǰûһֻҼƼġ
ҿ
ֻصúСҼ㿪˺̨еҪرգĿȴڲŵĿϡԵ¼
죬¼һԽͽԵĶԻ
ҲˣϲŮˣǾһģõġ
ҼҰһϸҵġƯͣʳгз˼ҹ˹񣬻庢ӺˣЩ㻹ôң
ʲôбķǼȱķ
ķǣŮķһж࿪ģ㿴

ٰµ£Ҽûٸh̸ҲhҪԵ˵¼
Ҽ֧û̺͹ùõֻΪֻŵǸ
ҼѽҼͻ˱᲻ʳ˵ʱҪһ߻ˡ
磬ȥӽԵ
΢ЦûӵûǣŲᱻˡᡱľ룬˽ӻ˼
ݺǽԵ§ûң
룬ÿ춼롣
ôϳûңÿһҼǶϳȽһʽǡ
ֻСŮѡĵһͷͶҼ
죬Ҽȴû
Ҳ룬ǲԼ̬Ҽʧѹˣǽݺȥ
㣬ΪҰ㣬ңΪʲô
ԵҼûͷûβһʾˣûӦʱҼΪ˺ңΪ˰ң
ʲô𣿡Ե˿һüۼ龡ɢû뵽ԼʾʾûҼĲɣ˵Һ㣬ڲҪ𣿡
ҪʴʹҼҲŭҼҪͬڰ
ۺʱҪǵãҪġҡ
ԵҪѵֻҪڴϰ𣿶ûаˣҲ
Ҫ㣬ҿҲѿôĵӡ
ġҪ㡱Ҳֻһ֡ҪɣҪģԵͽҼĿġ
ԵҪҼҪҪйؽԵĺ֡ҪĲ
ֻҪԵڣ
ҲԵһСҪ
Եıķкβɣ
Ϊʲô׶ԵΪķ׶Եǡϸ¡Ļôʹôأ
ϸ񣬺ʣһ㶼޹ڡ
һ𣿵ȻΪѣҲԾܾش
ţʡ
ϲˣ
ԭںǰԵͼӱԼĸˡ
ʽԵң㵽ϲˣҪˣ
Եԥ߷ѵʣǲҲ庢ӣֳģҾͻʧȥڴҪʸȻ㶪㣬תɫһĺѡ
ǣԵɸѡ׶һʼڰĳֱ׼һʺϵšˡ
ԣʺϵķˡ
Ե㰮ΪİԸ/ԸҼļˡû˵һ䰮ңҲİŲɡ
Ϊİ뽫ΪУ£ԼӡǡȾԼϢǲܺʱεضܶ˵Ұ㡭
ǣİܷǳҲܸ䣬ɾôǳָİ㶼ĵûиҡ
ԵҵҪֻԼҪҵһӵĳŵҲֻΪԼ֪ҪϲǷ֪ϲͰҲأ


88 
ڽԵǰӲһغ, ҼûϵԵˡ
˵첻һӲ, Ӳᶼûһš
ʣԵ治ɫҲֻǷ̬˵Ҳ֪һôίҲ֪ҪаȫСԲûáЩⲻݺӣһʱ֪ôӺ˵룬ҲǶ侲侲, Ҽ죬𣿡
˵أ
ԭףķ뿪Ե, ᲻ýԵӡ
, Ե̫, ǵ̸鶼һ, δ鲻Խʱ, оԼǱġ
ҲԼûϢ鵽ҪŮ˵ⲻһʮԹ
ǰ, Ϊ㹻½Ե½Եڳɳûлùĸ֮ڿڵİ, ȻҲûѧαﰮŪʲôǰ
ڸ, Ϊ˽ԵġȽһӡĳŵ
ǿһӰ, ѵԼҪ׵رԵҪһ, ǱԵһ
Ҫģһݡ⡱İ, ǰѡҪ
ԽԵ˵Ҳͬ
ҪýԵװ׵ʲôǰҪýԵʶܲҴš
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е㡣
ʱ˽⣬̸ֹغŮ£׻ҲΪǿġ
⣬һƢ϶ûеģ˰ڲޡ
ǻиˣǽԵ˳ŮѣǽǸǮ£ֻġķ
ܵܶϣҼñһסģȻҼͽԵֿ侲Ķ˵ϽҼҼϢ˵æҪչ˲˽Ҽ
ǧῪ꣬Ե㱨ʱԵ֪Ҽûȥᣬһˡ
㿪ҼĶԻ򣬱ͼѱóҼϲϦµǧĺգҼͬͼ
ҼҲ̵סôԣ˵侲侲һֲ
Եȥ㡣
ҼûС
ҼˣϢ졣
ô
ԼԼ̨ˣ˵ҪȥҼҼȴ¡
Եµûġ
ҼҲżʲô֮ġ
֮
Եæϰ˵㣬ʼûҼϢͶһԼҡ
ⲻ֪ͬһĳ˴ʱһӽԵԵĲˣŲ˴ȱ䣬Ҳġ
ƭӣ˵Ҫ
Ϊ侲ˣˣҪ˾̸˵ˣ
Ҽһû˯ţ庮ĳٲû˷Լζȡ
һСս㣬㲻˵Ҫҿ뿴ģ㶼ûϰˣ㲻Ϊ˶Ҳٵİɣ
һô𣿡
һĩһ㿴Ӱǿȴ𡣡
ճͿһ׷ϢҼϼӷ
ԵƢҲһġ͡
ҼǸҪȥʡ˲춼ںԭһ̸ɡ
hٰŮУˡԵö˶˵ģǵŪӦԼӦԵҲӦhͿۣ
۲Ĳһ˰ɣԵҲ侲ȥɽϺú侲
ҼܣǸȼĿȥʵؿһ¡ѶԽ˵绰ƬҰɡ
УϽӾͺá
ĿҪúãɺͽ㡣
ĿǴĿֻĿַλʡУһСʱ͵ˣĿڽɽϣ̣ҪĸСʱ
ڻᵽĿò߻ŵĸ˶˿ʱǶ·̫Զ˸Сʱһܵȥ죬ȳɱķ̫
Ҽĩݼ˳죿
ٻʣ죬δ㶼ˡ
ǸȼҪľǾסڽٻ
Ե̸࣬ԵռĺԺǣϲŭ֣ƺܾöûǵƬǲˡ
ܰԵҲûҪԼ
ҪԼܸõذˣҲֵñ˰
׼
Ҽллϰ壡

磬ԵھǴ绰ҼֱȥҼʱĵ˾
һģĸɫ죬Եһôˣ
Сաðɣ
侲£Ҽǲ˵ĸȥģûӽҼסҼӦҲƸĸ׺ɣȻĸҲֱĩ˲ʣǣ裬̸ʲô𣿡
ҼЩУºһҲ뵽ĸִһЩݡ
ĸ׵֪ģȻϿҼ;ٵ潲ҼѿĻż΢ʣҲǸ
ûĸǣС
û˵ˡɫأǸ֮⣬óԭǲֻҲϲŷ֣СմҼҼȥѵӦ
Ҽȥ͵͵ذֻŻسˡ
ѾֻʣµһЩӰͼȫɾɾɾõĵ˺öèƬһʽҼô£ҼŹ֧֧˵ˡ
˵̲߳Ҫ˵ֻƬ͵
ڼҺֻûʲôҪļ±Ҽɾ֪ҼϲգһֱҲҼֻģҼ¼ָơ
Ҽ¼ڵ¼󴫻ֻʱԶ浽ļУʶˡ
ҼϣҼ¥Ҽβˡȡ塱¼
ͻ⣬ҼˤˡҲˣѡ˳ȫ
̸УԵ˵ġص㡱Ҽ¼һ䶼û
ҪҵϲģԸҹİˣҳ棬Ҽ䵱ҳĹˡ
ٴһ£ҼǱķҵİˣϣٴԴǡ
£ĴԲסΪıΪеӾֻҳص¼бݸԵ֮ǰ˺Ϳ£ܹ¼СΣһΡε¼У־У©Ҿûڼ㡭һ°ɡ
Եֻߵ̨ꡣ
ŲԼŮôǿӵг˵;ԼҪʲôҪʲô
СӵĿĺף˵Ŀĺѡ̣ѾΪˣһϣİɣ
ʵҲҾǣرһԼϲˡֻԼϲˣܾôᣬŻĸԸΪϲϲңܲϲңҲֻǿԼ
ɼͥӦǱſĹȥģΪϵĻҸİϷ˿
ǰ̣ڿΪҼĽɳ룬Եôɳ
ѪԵ֮ܽԵе𱾲еġĸסΣеӦøҼְԼΪĸֿ
ĸԣҼм¶ȫǶ񰮣ҲҼԼԣҼʼǵһλ
ΪԷҰĵҼ˯
ΪҼö̵ִ֮ظİİȫ
ϣбҼˡ
ߵÿһ˶֪Ҽÿһ˶ҼЩˣҼڣмҼģ
ĸ׶ġֻԼ֪Ҽ͡
ĸֺ֮ڷչɽ졣
֪ʹҼ簮͹ʲԷ⡣롭ĸ׵ĺ󳾡
ý߳࣬Ҽѧϰȥˣȥﰮ
ѾȥһܣҼô첻̯ƲҴĸ׵ĶоҲΪ˲ĸ϶
ΪŮ˼񣬲ĸ׷ѡĸֶιթɳȴΪ
Ե߻ؿֻǰΪܵίһֲԺ󣬽ܵίҺֻԼļҡ
ԽԵųĺݻҲûִҲίˣȥСսͰɣǶ¼Ұİ汾
áɾ˰ɡԵֹЩҪ׿ڸ˵
صɳϣͷ̾С˵æ˵Ҫĳȥˣ

Եֻϲ֪Ҽݼ٣ݼٺʱ˳
Ҽƭƭĸף
ȻȥһҼú̸ҼǳҲһա
ߺ󣬽Եֶ˺ܶࡣ
ȻҼôԼ⣬ôĸ׵¼ָôҼİҪһİ˵ҪҪһ顢ҪһķҪ
ΪҼģҼΣݣҲݡ
Ҽշкܳܳ·ҪЯ飬Ҫһ
磬ԵûϵҼ;ֱȥҼҡ;ȥǳӡõֵȼҼϲԵʳ
˾Ҫк˵ĳ⡣Ҫ˵Ҫж
ɵ߽ţӭĲҼĽŲУУݵǿռ
ֻǶʱֻƽĳôУУݶڼˣ
Ҽ˵Һ죬УУë£첻⣬ٳҪιȥͿǶˡ
ҲпǶȥϴˣ
ѹĻţڴߣűƽıӣҼȥ绰
һ飬˽
Ҽⲻӵ绰
ӣֽŴ˵ڶ顣
ι
ҼĶ
ʡиҪĿȥǢ졣绰ͷˣƽƵᣬ
ĶԵȴˡ죿Ƕ죿ҪУУͳȥ
վ
Ļ𳵣ֱӷʩ㣬ҼҼǹ˵ҪضԷĹҪ˽⻹Լµԭ͵ߡ
ǻûѡᡱ˵ĺö黰Ҳû˵һܵȣʮȲˡ
ֻԼҼĸܣܵȵҼˣܵȵЩûˣҼ
Ҳã黰ҲգʱһҲǽʱЧԵġ
ڶԷĳĬУԵһ飺㣿
ССʱ

վ򳵴ڣӵԵ绰ҼͿʼѰġ
ʰʱжʹ죬ʱ˿̾ж
ʵҲܱӡ
һ춨˻ƱְУУҲߣð̽Եڵ֪ҪȥĳСڡ̸ʲôӦǽŻң
ûѽԵһһؼѽԵ뷲ýԵΪһʻˡ
ֻڴڻԵֻڴԵ϶Ϊһ
ǵϣеÿʱÿء
ҡҳߡȻӦ֮ߡ۽ԵǽţǺá󡱣½ԵĮģ侲
Եġ
һѹŻ
ӵ绰ԵеʱͰˡԵ˵һȥĻ׼ߡ
ԵڽԵϣⱲעûϢûˡ
Ҽȥ̸ƭ㡣
ȥϢʯ󺣡
ʱ׷ֵкǰܹҿֿ죬ûײǸͷֻõŮ˾ûôˡ
ֻһкײ䣬ˤص棬ϵĻѡ
ŲѺ۵ֻŮ̼ף˫˫ʶ
СкȴڼϷ²ؼܿˡ
һ˱һС£ֻĻˤ飬һֻҲǡ˲ѿڶһ仰һʡ
ϣϣҼидŮ˼ֻ
ֻˤСӵȫ𣬲ֵֻ٣Ļ⣬㶼ӦάԼȨ棬ǵļҳҪ⳥ҿ԰֤
øôȰοһ֪ԵɶİŮˣֻͼŮתע
Ů˶Ļ޶ԡ
ֱһСŮػסŮˣŮ˵Ĵȫ뻳У̽㣬ɡ
Ůİο£Ů˵ƽ
ŮҼΪĿ֤ˣͬһȥкļҳҪ⳥СкŮ˵Ǹ˽ᡣ
ŮЩ㶣ŮĿ
ֹǵŮ˵ָů飬ϸµΪŮ˲ᣬҲοŮǿŻܾ˵ġ
ŮһһнᣬŮ˵ϧо
ǣѣҲáǡŮİѾãǡ˫δ
Ůһƿմˮл񡱣Ҽˬܡ
ƱѿҲԽԽ̣ǵĿĵضǻгҲͬһࡣ
ҼѼñϰͬмƱûκŮŮˢ֤վҼʱıӺ汻קסҼһȥ

ǽԵ
բŮ˺Ůͷ
ǵġˡһɫµĳŮץšŮ̬ǿӲɫִһĨæ·ϼɫ
ҼֱŽԵ׷ˣ
Ŀϲȴֲϱ֣תѰӽԵȳ飺˵Ƕ侲侲𣿡
˵侲Զ롣
˵˫ճϰ౳Ǹûרð˵װ˵׻ϴ
ܺãȷʵ׼һˡ
Զ룬ô侲Եĵطҡ侲
Ҽû˵ĻԵô˺
µñҲժˡ
ǰһ·۸Ůˣɫʧ̬סֵˡ
⣬ԵǳԴҩĿ֮Ҳ̫ˣ
һǣ걻ҧʹҼɥʧжɽԵק˼Ʊڡ
߳üŤͷĿɿڴŮŮ˻ָ𣬴˵˾䡰ټ
͹ԼڽԵеķԭΪԵڴʧ̬൱ѵһˣû뵽˳⣬иġ
һ·Եûɿ֡
ӽҲûɡ
קƵذ˺ԵԼҲŽ
Աߣϣ/سڣѹ
Ҽͷ౻Ե˱ĥؿڱԵѹţŽָֻҲԵסá
ԵۡҧˣҴˡ
Ŷûذ
ϴ£ٵĽԵŻ˽ֹ࣬ͣŰſͷ
ңǲԶ桢˵ĵطҡңڸˡ𰸣һЩģҶһЩ𣿡
Ե
Ҽ㲻Ǳķ϶Ҫİˡ
ҲϣҺҪ㡣
Ұ㣬ҪȾ
ԵֵֻиˣҼ֣ϽԵĺ󱳣жĲྱ
ԸԵΪʧǣΪ߳ܣĸܣۡ
ͺñȣǿȽԵֻΪ˽
Բ𣬡Ǹ£һܺʹһΣһΣ͹ˡǰҵģһֱţֻǡԽԽ㣬ԽԽ̲סҪࡣ
ɵӣøҵǸΪԵ̧ͷϰԵͣüۣҲҪࡣ
Ҽɴ˫ۡ
ҪҪڳ
͵һʹӱҧʲô㣿
ûûʲô
û룿
롭ǩһȽϺá
ƱǮҸ㱨

ôû͸¶Ҫѹ˾ǧ𣿡

£˵˾㡣
ܣ㡭˵òãǸеˡҪִ̫ˣûԣŤ壬ȶ۵ùǺ
ƨ»űԵֶñӡ
ԵһۣϣаָĿڵţһ˫ĿĶҪ̸Ҳţ첻ߣȥҰѻ˵ٰ꣬УУݽӻ
ðԵĳ˺ϲ㵽ǰǻǰң
㡣
Եӻӵ̫죬ҼİСƢ޴ˣŮˣӡ
ҼԼԭΣ˾Ҳ㣬㡫
𣿻𣿡
ߣҼ׼ԵĴǣҲŲ̸̸ֻ顫
ҹͺӵԣԵҲ̻¶飬ҼԼǶν̸µĲʡ
оʱڵʦ㣬ŴﲻѵԸֱ׳/˰⣬᲻ų⣬ϡͿءһˡ
ĳʦȥһŮʿҲóƽ˳ײǵĹϵ
Ե˵ͬѧѣʦȴ˼Ը֮ǰֱ˵¡
ŭɶʹһ٣Υף֪ܡ
ʦ㲻Ǹӭֺáˣ󵱳͸࣬󲻻ɢ
һҹǶûϵԷ
ҲǴΣԵʦ㰮ֻԼҲûôʦ㡣
ڶ죬˷֡
ʦֻһ䣬ǲˡ
˵ǡ
˺ϵ
ĸ׻غԭֻ¸˸һˡ
ܽԵ˵Ѿ֣ĸ׻ַƽַͨ绰˼Ҫ;߲·Լͼߡ
ĸ׵ѵҲһѡ˵۹жжٶۣŻ˲磬Żôޱؿʼһôʵؽһ飬ѿľñͲõӹϵѩϼ˪
˽Եġ¡ҼͽԵʶദĵεΣӵܹ½Եˡ
ΪԵǸ˽ˣԼͬʱҪͥǽȥ
̸ֻ˵£볤þϣǵĽϣȻͱͥ¡Ǵ󰮣С顣
Ҽӱ/ϢڽԵǣ˵һ飬˵ʮ㰮ˡ
ԵƫƫͷԼζֻǲԸʱ򷢳
ʢõ屻סĥӭĻﲻʤ߱ڴˮС
ϯͻ䣬С꣬Ө͸Ĵˮ
ܣĳ˸ý/жδͣЦô̰ԵҧݲɣֻЦŻ˸ƺšҪ𣿡
ܴĥɽҲֻܼغϡ
ʱɽǰ󿪿ģ˵˺ü顰Ұ㡱һݺݵġҪˡ
ʱڣڵ磬Ҳµ硣
Ĺȵ˼ꤣҼȥԵʳýңιԵһڣԼڡߺǰһӲȴ˸գֺһʣʣı¼෹Ӹ˵ˡ
ԵҪ֤ݡ
δ֪գԵ
ԵҲǲ˲˵뿴ʲôˣ˶١ҲĸԼ
ڴϣͬϵе＾˯ȹ磬ŷ죬ڰǰչ¶ԼʵĲεģ
ϣŲ̶ͬȵĺΣ͸ˡ
ԵҼ°ͽ˹ԼսøҼת沿ʱ䣬Ȼ΢Цϡ
ۡ
ޡҼ۾ü۽ǺǶֹסЦ⡣
ǳǳһǣϵĴʧ
ĳ˲죬Ҫ׹ȴԵֵס˿ŵֻʾղץĵĻ棺ŻС

Ҽһξõɴ˫ֻۣԵתĻϣȻǼǰգ
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ŮѸˣ˭㡣
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Ƕĵĵܸ˿ġҲĵֻܸҿġɴʧɸ

ܽůĳ˽ƳٵһѳҲ졣
ĶȼĿԼĿ
ݼٺϰĵһ죬Ҽһһ
ǰûʲôһɥֻǳһôʳĻ롣һһƬ
ƬֻŽԵָḧԵԣĴҲڽԵߡ
һ㿴ƬΪ֤Ůѣ㣬ҺͬǺమҲ˱˴˵ļͥȽᡣ
պһ˼죬ҼΪϢˡ
ɽİ£һģ䱾زҼֹбȲ˾ͷܻҪ
칫･Ҽ޿̣
˵ЦСһʱģֲҴҼͬݣǿЩľٶҼԵͷ
ȵԴˣһ˴ְţԭĿڲף
ԴˣҼķۿ̸ۣ
ؼɣֻܿԼƬ֮ʳԼһûκθûԴǵطԼ֮ͬǣп࡭˵
ǿڲ£˵
11µףͻȻ˺ԭ
һ͸Ҽ˶ǽԵĻʹߣͨޣһ¶⡣
յԼļϢʱҼӵʺš
ͻ˳Ӻ磬μˡ
Ҳļ׷/ɣ
Ϊº䣬ҼʵͽؽͼԵʾԼȥǲȥ
ԵǶҼ˼ģ˵ȥȥֻ㣬ޱӶˣǰ󶼱֪һ
ڣspaԱҼüʦȳȥȻԡͷƬ˦ҼԵĹϡ
־ԶϸձҵСȻģϾмλȨصŮܼ࣬ɲһܼԦ˵ġ
ԡɿ壬µأ̧Ҽ㿪ˡ
ȻҼԽԽ
ô˵ɣǮԵеҶУԵûеģҲСɫȮİϷҲԷ㣬ܸࡣ
ǸªҼĵ¡ͷһƬԼͽԵڳⱻĵǻ档
֪ܿܲʳúܣҲǳĺܣֻ׸ĴȣҲֻŮ򹷡ϧˣܵǮ޸ܡ
֮⣬ǮȲϽԵҲ벻ۡ
һϣܲѣݵɵùܹˡҧˣҲøꡣ
Ҽҧޣҧ졣
Ե˵ݲûԺƭ޼ôˣԼҽŮʲôˣܲ˽
ʢȴҼ˺ˡҼ沦ͨԵ绰
ֵĿˡ
лŮҪǽǡڳգвøûǲðҿᣬԼ˵Ҷġ
ͷĽԵԣֻ˶̶̼룬漴ɭϣؼңԼϴɾн񱡣
ŶҼϵƬŽڴΪ
˾ҡ
Ұ㣬ϼ
绰ҶϣҼʧɫֻ
ƣЦü⣺˰ɣҼְԵܵϣҾͲඣݰݡϣǺڡ
ҹҼȥ˾ӽԵ
ٽգ˾߲ƽﶼæԵּĴ쵼ҹ¡
żӣҼֻڳȣ챻Եȥ
ټǧ÷ֲҹΨнԵһڹ˾æʮ㡣ӰıҲࡣ
칫ڣԵȥһҼһA4ֽ
ж壬ɫ
߽Ҽķϵԡ¶㣺ɣҲĻһͺúóԡ
ֽҼΪֻʳͼ
ԭͼĻϣִ˺ܶСǽԵȥƷıǡ
µʮһ£Ÿˡ
侲ֿȴûʧȥ
ԵҼֽţرסԵ˩ɣ˵ķˣĹҲԸԲԣҾĹġ򹷡
Ҽָġ򹷡ɲϵĴǳ壬ȻԵҲÿʾˡ
ԴӷĲٶԽԵؿڿҧҼҲûˡԽԽ¯࣬뻯
칫صأ׼ؼҡ
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