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һδԽʱʧܣò·ϵڶδԽϵͳŪʱ䣬乬СޱȻȨ죬ڻֵԽԽߡ
һأɱ׸ĻŮװݲ꣬ʱҪµĽࡣ
С糡
ޱס°̧ͣͷ㳤
񸹷̣ôǣ
ޱβ죬Ҫ뿪ңҲԭ㡣ߣҲҪץ
Ҳ밡(˵仰ϵͳ)
ϵͳѲڷ
񣺹ϵͳ
¹vs
ݱǩ  ͢  Ůװ  ɳ
ӽ(أ°)ޱ
Խ꣬1v1he˫
һ仰飺ԼСĳ
⣺ֲиƶᣬģʼա



1 
ʥʮ꣬ġ
ᣬ԰̰ף滨䣬ôɨҲɨټͥأܽͤͤ۰䣬һƬǧˡ
Ϲܼұ˫Ժ߰°͡
㣬һƬа궼𣡡
ף
СӦͣɾʮ㡣
΢󣬲ӳУڲߵСӻѡһϮ£ɫȴҵ˪
γ˫ܣƬãȻ󣬵֧һ
ƬѸٻǵԼϵͳѡУһСŹѪŰУǽŮڻֵ
һδԽʱŮչ乬СԭŮڻֵˣȴʧܣòõڶλᡣ
е乬ȫһ
ر˫ۣͼٻϵͳ
ϵͳϵͳ𣿡
ܶ·˰ɣ
˵仰ѽ
Ƭ̣ԺϤϵͳ¼ʾ
װӭרϵͳ
ûܾͺá
غĴˣҽܾ˰ɣҲͷһμʲôطŮģ
ϵͳװڵڶδԽЩССĹʧҲòΪ½ܡ
ʲô
ŮѾʮ乬СȨιˣ
ϵͳǵģ˽׸ŮĻţŮװʮˡ
һȷССʧ𣿡
ϵͳֱ׳ǵģ
Ƥ
һסĳ嶯
ŮڵĺڻֵǶ٣
ϵͳŮǰڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
أʲô
ϴοֻǰٷ֮ʮ壬ھˣ
ϵͳסޱ侲Ϊܾע
һĻᣬʧܣᱻĨɱ
ڶݣܸκǵء
ϴʧܣºЩ仯
ͷЩ仯
ϵͳ
أҪʲôã
ϵͳףˡ
˲󼺣֮֮
ĬĬԼϴԣȥϵĳ
ڿʼǵˡ
ƿڵĲ飬Ѹսֵ̧סߣǿۡ
վȣӦڹԺǱ׸Ļ֮һ
˵ĺĻţʵף˳ߡֻϧЩ˲֪ŮɫյȫղΪǻǣƣ÷ɾ衣
⹦򣬹ܼҺȻפ㣬Ķ
֪
ʲôţ
Ծһ޴ģܼŭ䲻ĴܷĲԡ븮Ѿĵֻƿˣȫпۡ
ԭô
ȥɫʩ
ܼҲ͵İڰ֣࿴һ۶
ˣѼҹ泭дʮ飬ԡ
ǡ
ųԼȥ
Ҫ񣬵ȼŮС
ҹ񰡡
д۸첲ᣬּҲ̶ã̧ͷ
վͭǰĬžˡ
߷ƣװ磬һ˿Ӣ
ЩԽС˵ôĿģʮа˱ż
ʱųҪصԵˮ鿡
񹷹뿪ᣬѰһΪ鿵ĵطˮƣʹΪˡ
ʯλɫˣѾֳгһΪ
ֻһϮ˿βȹͷ˽ҡ״Ʒ㣬Ͷ޲͸š
ڲԶĻ͵͵ġ
΢̧üԶ죬вط棬촽΢΢Цȴ۵סλ޹Ĵˣȴ͸һ˿Į롣
ޱ
񲻽񣬵乬СˣʱһŮɵԺ
ƣһڼǰ֮ˡ
ϵͳѿڶŷݡ
ԭԭŷݣֲŮϣĵģ
Ŀ¶Ӷ̲ס̡
׼żʱܼȴͻȻð
ʲô
ô겻ɢأ
ջߣؾ
ҡ·ˡ
ܼɣȻš
Ҫȥɹ飬ˡ
˵õżأ
񲻵òӦ£һͷ鲻ԸĸŹܼ뿪
ȣɹĺʱ򡣵ææ⣬ֱ̫ɽֽ鼮űŹԭ
ɫ۵ᱳۣر
бùĴԽ˭˵Խͻнָģ
ԽԽһ߿·ʯӣʲô취ܼŮ
ϵͳ



2 
ѲȥᣬʱûʲộģΨ͸Щ߲Ӱ
ϵͳƵװ´ЩϵͳҲҪϢġ
ЦôĹ
ϵͳ
Թͬ͵ú
ʲôΪܵϵͳûʲô̳ǰţ
ϵͳеģϴεĻۼƣԶһһäСҪڴ𣿡
ҲäУ
ʱתһ룬ܱûǿ
ڿ
ϵͳõģϲü书ؼ
䣬ԺＴ̸ֳټ书Ҳ΢ı仯·ʲôԵ֫ٺ
Ҳ书ˣ
˷֮࣬óرߵʯ֡һȥʯķѡ
ϲ⣬˫ַȥơ
̫ˣϵͳеˣ
ϵͳõұͺ
⹦ˮԷˡæ£֮С
ֻһĨٻӰ¹½ǹޱɫȴرߣгмƬҶ
ҹϴɫ£ƺʲô£üšһ˿еҶһƬƬ˳£Բ֮ƮԶÿһҶ˵ŶԶ֮˵˼
񾲾˼ƮԶСɳΪˣôĿأطδĵЦ
Ů˼˭أ
䣬һСߵʯһʯˮУˮĽ
˭
ޱһ
ʱѾ˷ӿˮԷΧס
ˣô
ӲͷƤ֣֣߳ҲˣǸϵĻš
ȻܼҾˣǽסѺ͵ǰ
ĵװżķʽɲ̫
ǳ⣬൱Ծͨһ͹ˡ
μ£ϵĻţҽе񡣡
Ѿŵյ硣
ܼƵϳôˡ
绹ʹɹ飬ھͲʶˣ
Ѿߵͬ£ޱ߽Ӹµ̧ͷ
񻺻̧Ϥա
쿴ɣǲʶķݶҲܸԲԣ
ޱ˲仮һ˿
Ҳײµģرʳ
ſںߣͼɻء
ٳٲ̬ܼԴ⣬ʾٿɣǷѺʣ
ѹס۵ĳ嶯˵ͱ
Ȼޱȴֱӷ飬˵ϣδ𷣣¡
ϴɾ͵ҷ
԰գޱͷҲصķ뿪
ܼƶҲ֪ʲôʺˡ
˸ҲӡһյĹ򣬵ϸͱԺƫ
Ѿԡ£ۼ涼ţһ
Ҫôϴ
ʲôλý㣬ܲܳȥ£Ҳϰԡʱߡ
ѾʲôЦ£һڴ͵Цˡ
ɿСˮڣȵĳˮ
δе𾪣ûǵأԲŶ顣
Ѿѣһīƽۣ췢ҲϺõ֬
ˬĴسӭŮ¡˿˴ĵųѾǶҪһۡ
ϸһȻЦˡ
ӵĸˣȥ¡
Ǹǻ˵أܼнչ
鷿Уޱߣڵݾȫǰκ쳣
ͬϣƵòȴ޹ϵ
СʱͬĸG乬ʽŮԸߡĸȥߵ̹Ůһһֱصĵ
ΪҲһҪ뿪˭֪ؾ΢Ϧദͷһθܵ⡣
ʱ乬û̿ǵȥҪ˴ֻġ
ޱԾǣ𴽽ǡֻǸɵϣŻĵĴ
ŲܼſغѾãȵһֱӽ˴鷿
£˵ˡ
ݣμ£
˼ϣޱǰͻȻס°ǿ̧ͷ

ܲ𣿱ǡ
˫ǰֱܷŮϲŭ֣ŮѾѧϲŭɫѿס
ʲôܺĹѪŶΣ



3 
鷿һţʵ򰵳ӿ
˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾գţ̫ӡ⸱޴ģԷ˾衣
ޱɿƵĻصǰ··
黭ó֣
ɰѵʵˣͨ
£ҡԲó
һޱӦܼѵݴ˴ֱ֮ˣ£ūͽҹ
æҲ£䲻ó黭һĥͷ裬㡣
һĹŮЩ졣
ޱͻȻ˹ܼҵĳ
ˣīҪϰ֡
ǣ
񼲲ǰڡ
ۼޱ޲ֻܼù¡Źغϵǿ̣ɻ󲻽⡣
µ׿ʲôˣ㿡ЩֲǾӣĻҲ٣ιʾҪôС
ԣͷڴȴЦ
֪֮ǰ;С򲻿ɵ
ܿ죬ù֮ڸдǼŷ֮ܵüĵڶˡԹټδŷݡ
þǶѽڣһųǰӣæµ磬ִæǰʳ㹫š
ƼϤϵġͷˣϼƬڣպЩ֭ޱǰС
⼸գټȴֻͬƿ￴š
ôͺڻֵ
Ų˵Ĺ򣬵ʾ֭ĥ⡣
¿쳢⣬۵ĺܡ
Уرʡ
Уҽӣ˶Ѿȥˡ
ޱ΢̧һۣʳԡ
񣺡
ûˡ
֮ٴιڳײСĿࡣ
ʱѾСڣǷ£ŷ
ŷݡ
Ůһңв鱧ȴӲΪӵһԸ֣һС
⣬ŷŮԶԶġ
£Ӱɣɺóˡ
װĴѾͨױƵİӾٵޱǰ
Ҷȴһס
£ôˣ
ޱ߬Ŀ⾪ɲ֮Ѳ
ģ
ǡ
ãȻѵĲԣ
һ̣ޱֱӶӣںϡ
Ҳϰô󣿡
ԣڷӦ⣬ǸİϰˡܰʲôиСȤζӸᡣ
û뵽ޱܼЦʡ
ǰǼ˶ôӡ
ޱһ̫У̫ࡣ
ɹŪȥСӹӣҶպǡ
ôһޱŷ¶תͷԭصѾߣż
к
Ѿ׵ŷӳѧһ뵯
˭֪ޱȤȱȱֵأȥɡ
ǡ
ŷݽÿޱӦˡ½֪ϧ֮ˡޱⲻ˲²׷ףвնеϡŷʧˣΪ»
õһ룬Ժͻ¶ˡһĻűȡ鱦õջƵأ¥ݡ
ܼҽԼ¼ڲᣬһͬޱǰ
·䣡
Ļѱ廨ѺȺãĨס죬ֻܶݵĺ޷ΪԼƱ硣
Թ㣬Ļŵʮˣ߾
ޱִŲյƲȥĭϸϸƷڡ
ɱˡ
ǣ
ܼҹϰִ÷ʽ
ȵȣɱˣĺڻֵ
æţ£¶
ޱߴȻӹ£
Ĵһ
˵ţ˳ƹأʩ͵ȷʵ÷࣬ﲻ£һʤ߼ҲΪԼơ
˵һĻޱȴ޶ԣЦƵģǹ͵Ļȡ
ƾʲôΪģ
˼Ǹ߸ϵĹȷʵûҪġŮ˼ɱĻţڻֵҪˡ
£Ƶ˵ǸȰסޱΪں
鼱֮£ǣ̧ͷֱޱصΪĵµˣ뿴ɱˡ
ıˣ
ޱЦһȴϷ֮ɫͨʲôˡ
֪Լ˵ʲôעޱԵصֵж١
ԴƬ̣ޱȻˣʮ;׸Ѻ
ܼһ˲æ
ʱԺʱϵͳʾ
ϲŮڻֵĿǰΪٷ֮ʮٽ
ڣսݣ
ڹԽԽûв֪ġȻΪı⣬֮࣬´ķзȾ廨ŵİ汾ԽԽס
ϢȻȻĴŷݶȡĹ򣬱¸š
̣ºڷɱҹ
ŷЦЦܷⰡӡ



4 
н־ȻҪǽ
ͬЦӦȲŷӡ
ϧļûά̫ãˣŷݺܿ¶Ŀ
Լݡ
񵭵һЦŷѣȻǵá
Ƶᣬҳһˡ
ŷݶϸݱȫαģǵŰͽṫȴհ
أֻϸŮװ¶һҪµĽࡣ
ŷЦǵþͺãɱΣ˱ǸøүݽϢˣȻùɡ
԰գ˦ȥܿʧСͷ
ʱЦݣ
վ飬ŷãƭȡΣؼʱ̳ǻࡣʧ̰֮ͼɫͼǰԵչ乬лðٻ󣬻ҪڽֶĶߣĻ
ѵǴ˵еġŮֻʧȥʧȥĿİ飿
ʵֻǲ۶ڻңΪļ룬Ÿıò趨
ԭУڸϢʱֱ֣Ӿ͵ش
Һվ籾Ůˣ˵籾Ѿòס
գҹɫɺ͵͵ܽѰһƬյءԼĿƣĵ
ƵҲŮʱѧģʱΪ˺Сġ
ڵдŤŤС֣˷ֽƷա
һ̣ƿնӦ׹أüȦŴ롣ţֻѳ֣Χס
ѾǲҶޱԺ߳߻ŷݡ
Ȼ֪ŷݻԼ
߲ŷݴЦ⣬ֵľӷ緶̮
û뵽㡭ϸ
װȣϧҡҡͷ˺Ϳµء
񱣳ֳĬıݡŷ޿֣ԼҧһڣһˮȻȫ֮ߡ
ŷݾͨ黭أϸͬʱ£ػȱȫ
ޱޱ飬ʲôҪ˵ģ
񻺻̧޹ֻΪ֪Ϊλᾪ¡Ҳϸ죡
⹦ȡزĿƣдС档
£֡
ޱѸɨ棬šü
ԸԸϲֳ
岻ÿҲ
ŷͬƼ֣ⲻܣƼ
ұ͵͵ŵû뵽ԸΥŵ¡
ͷίҵĴŷҲΪ룬ҵġ
ŷסƵĿƣô⣬ͷҲֻף֤ݣ̶߳ŭ
˵ǡ
ˡ
ޱһ£ʱѻȸ
֮Ŀնŷϡ
ŷݣŪǷǣʮЧȡ
ŷԴ󾪣æġ
£һЧҵ²Żˣ
ΪԼ粵ģޱδջس
ۼŷݱְ˽ȥ΢΢ûڴϢΪ˷ŷһ
ڵëֲÿⶼϰһĽѾǰˣģĳèӵģŮӦϲּ
ޱǰĮͷ
ΪҪΪ
ӭߣʵ²ģõ¸ˡ
úڻֵɣ
ޱŬҪҳһ˿αȴһ
ҪˣСҪ
˵ţת뿪һ᲻ص
ɡ
˶Զˣ̾һŮ˵Ľ䱸Ǻء
Ȼ͵ΪûʲôʱԺȴϵͳʾ
ϲŮĿǰڻֵΪٷ֮ʮţŶ
ԭõģ
ȻɵŮĿڲһء
ܵ˼Ĺɾʤ׷ڹǰúñ֣ȡսڻֵ㡣
ֵĪڳգǲȻǸ㣬һͨ
ĵģת԰ӣĵͤѰ
ޱͤĿĵƷͻ
μ¡
ĵͤķʯϡ
ѧĸ㣬³
ԣޱüģ
ǡ
ǫĲã²Ҫ
廨İڷɫʽһĵģɻ̶֣⣬߱ӣңԼƶмЩ۽׺һɫĻ䣬ʳ
ޱԳʳһ㣬ɫζȫĸ㣬޷ܵˡ
ɻֳһڣƤڶ㣬Ҫζʶ
ȲڴСѯʣ¾Σ
ޱƬ̣ƺţٴҧһڣϸϸ׽
ˣѵˡ
ǺóԵ˵
ޱһɻ֣Եĵζֲֻᣬŵף·𱩷ǰƽ
ʶ𣿡
ɵĮȴ
￩һ£ʱɵۡ
ⶼܳ



5 
ޱף·ܶϤһС
ò𰸣ִֵʵ˵ʶ𣿡
һ˲Ļҹ󣬵ǿԼ򶨡
ǻ޷֤
ص£ϵãǺˣ
ʱ̣߽֯·š
Ƭ̣ޱ֣ɫƣԵ£Ҵ뿪ĵͤµͤС
ٻӰʧҰУɿתһ룬־ﲻԡ
Ȼûģʲô
ϣޱδԷϢټ֣׼һ̲뿪
Ԥвã͵ȥ
书ܾǷ㣬ʩչṦ׷
еļһֱĶۼͣһԷǰҲ֮פ㡣
Ӧǹڳǽ˽Ϊʲôż
ޱȴδԷţȥԷ
ɻֱȥȴǰĳס
һĹ꣬شȴһĹͷżֿ֣ѵ֮Ĺ
ԶţͷһؿԼĹ˵ζ
ֻޱһ£Ĺ
ԭ⡣
Уϵͳ⣬ǰ廹𣿡
ϵͳƵĻش𣺡ģϷȫףҪҵרҵˮƽ
ǿֵ̫ûˡ
ھһľײĺȻĿ
ޱ΢ȴ䡣
ס
ַ·ǧأǴ򿪹ľŵǵءãʬЩʴϵóԭò
һɸζɢ˷׷׵ͷŻȴڹǰʧ̬
ޱ߽ŲζƵģڹͣ¡
ҪĴ𰸾ͰǰѾˣٸ
ȥ
ǣ
Ǹæ˳Ĺ꣬ޱŹľַڹϣһҲڿʬ壬ǵüһλѡ
ޱڹԷҲǲԶһĻζӳ¡
ϵͳʱ˵ôǳܵɣȫصĻᱻ֡
ѵûк죬û˵ʲô
ķλֻܿޱĲգɫȴܵԷŨŨİˡ
ֿѡ
ʧЦҵֿѡ
ϵͳᵽһ˿ԾѵһУɻĿɫ顣
Ȼ֪ޱֻһС˵Ľɫ* ûпøѣⴥ
˵ǾʬֻΪڻݵĹߡޱһλȥĺѡ
֮һƵģ
ޱصԼκˡ
Ϊ˲֣ȹһظеģװʲô֪ģڷ֡һ죬ܱèӵĺÿ
ʱķűˣľȻ¡
⣬¹Һ£
̾һʲôš
鲻ãϼκˣȥȰȰ°ɡ
鲻ãһ
ɵûӦǷʣ²ϼˣοϼأ
ȴʮƶһ㣬ҲֻȰˡ
ΪζԼģǰݡµİæ£Уײޱ
˭ȥ
ޱõ岢ʹſڰֱֻվ̳Ťڽűߣʶ߿ĵš
ϧ˵ޱûУƢС
Ჽ߽ʰϿ̳ӣü
ôôࣿ
££ѣ˯
ޱ̧˫ʣ㶵ĶƣͻȻץס䣬Լ߳
أˣȻǼǹҵġ
⧲һȵȥžͱޱס
Һ㰡㲻ڣ˵֪Ļ˶ûС
ޱĵЦţ˫§סԷԽԽ
ңҺøˡ
ֱ壬һҶޱϸĵĿĵĶ
ϵͳðǲе㿪ģ
ʸڷϣûС
ϵͳţǡ
Ũϸ֮»һ˿
Ӧ˰ģ§סޱļ磬ĺ塣
ֻڰοŮзǷ֮룡
ԣȥ˯òã
ޱҲδ̧ԹӦá
ӵ书֮Ҳˡ
˴ᱧȵķŵϡ
ޱɲ֣ӡ
ߣҡ
Σֻڴ£ãҲߡ
ĺޱ˯ͬʱι˯еޱ񾲹ɣһʱС
һҹֻſڴйƬ̣ƣĺܡ
ۼɫޱҪˡ뿪򿪷ŵһ̣Ѿײš
ֹȴ̷ѾǣɾĹܼҡһʱ䣬ѻȸ
񿴿ֿ⡣




6 
ۼܼҵӾɲ޿κεȻ֪ûš
ʲôû
ȻԽԽ㣬ֹܼңѾҲ׷¶һҶ顣
ܲܲҪҶ
ͽ͵Ľ֮еıԺֻǵһǴӹԷġ
صƫδȣСѾߺȻţǹܼҷԸͲƷ
磬˵¹轣Ǵ󲹡
һ룬Ҳ̫˰Ѫ
ôͻȻ
Ѿԣӣߴӵĵͷ
ܼ˵̷۹ȣҪúòӡ
̫˼СѾ߷²ˣͽš
ǡ
ôûأ
ΪֹΨһڹԷ޵ˣŮݶ̫áϢһٴȻ󲨣Ǹƶ¶ĿطǱѰ
ٴټںԺƷáսţ̴˲ĳ
ޱڰǰд𾭣м乩Ž񣬷ǰ˹ƷԼȼ̴㡣
󣬱һ࣬īĲ¡
¾Ȼ᳭𾭡
Σޱ̧ͣڶ  
ǡ
Ӧֽʣһǳɡ
ֻǱʼ¾ͿʼȣŤ˵嶼˷ķı
ޱƹһۣ¶֮ɫдҳ˺Ƭ
ÿд
ǡ
п಻дҲǳ
ģޱڣѵû˽̹ʣ
˵Уǰ㡣
񲻺˼ЦЦǰиʦҵ䣬ֻ˴꣬ûѧˡ
䣬ޱͻȻȵĿУִֽϣдһоġ
ִҪȣҪᡣ
գգۣӦٻ
ڽԼд֣
ޱĺܽᵽԷϵĻ㡣
ιõ㣬ҽԼġ
ǰСҲ̵ְֽд֡
ʱϵͳȻ֣ܿİ
Ʊ磺𣿡
ϵͳֶҪˡ
͵ЦݣƵġ
㿴ˡ
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ϵͳ㵽ں˼ЩʲôŮֱŮ
һˮ£˲ѡ
ʲôֻѡ
ϵͳĿ꣬ҪѣǽŮڻֵľͱˡ
ߣ붼С
⹦ޱɿ˻صԭλá
ס𣿡
æϵͳޱЦסˣлָ㡣
ֽ¼йС֣ͦˮȻдǿٱϧֵԼִʣǱԭΡ
ޱĿ¶ȴδǱ𾭽¼ϰ֡
ŷ𾭻סõʲôر
ŮƣǽܱѣԲڻġ
ˮԷʱߺƿ֮ĿȻһöڴֱֽ
񻷹ܣٲκˡȡ·ϵֽ΢΢۾
ʣ϶ŷݸɵġ޵Ϣһסˡ
ָҪȴֻܲǵң
ԭǻʵ۵ĵڶλӣλȨأ֮ġĵֻ̫ӣû뵽Աһ൱ûΪ/У֮顣
ͬʱټŷݣŷݻȥĺ״
񲻵òѰ͵͵λһ档
Լص㶨˽ıԷСִʱŷˡ
¼ү
λǶʮͷ꣬ȴҲǸϲŭɫһԲҲ˿
ţĵùʶ
䴽ЦǼ£ô
´ǣЦǴүģɹ²δȫɾ裬ʱ̶£ʶˡ
ŷݺȻһΪǵıˣҪľ
᣿
ȫδһֻġ
үҶɽ±ضλүʶ
óίߣ±Ϊ˱ֻʱ˫/
үѾչʳӣ˽ĸϰԡֻҪȡùȫΣضүһ֮
ɫǲôˡ
˵úãŷǱĸӦͬġ
ҴƳŷǸƤҵСһǰ״



7 
״˭᣿
񵱼ֵүϴûΪŷ飬ʵơү֪ʵѾʼŷˡ
һ仰ˣѯʵŷһã
¡²֪
סĻЦ²ŷӶգȻ֪µʱΪ飬ỳû飬ֻùΪŷӽ޴ΣҲųɡ
һоݣʵŷʵڵһ飬øлľ֮
㡭
ŷԲ첱ӴֵľҪͬ磬ȴˡ
ĺܺá
漴ŷݣŷӦѧϰСҴı
ŷݶʱɫֲүǰΣֻӦС
һͷȫȨ㸺𡣡
е»ٴʩлү¶ʹ
ؿµĳŷݴ˿ɫһʡ
ɺŪһʱ޷ŪһĴʮԽҸȫ֮ס
ŵī㣬ī֮ȴˡ
ʲô
ŵõһ飬
ص£ûʲô
ޱɵĴͻȻסҶꡣ
кű
Ů
Ū
²ҡ
ûС
첻ߣޱɿͷ顣
ԽԽ粻һ̻ƽ˾һܾ̿Ҫꡣ
̫ˣ
Ļϵ۷ȥȴײͬŷݡ
ޱͷҲδֱ̧Ӷ˹豭ֻ£ˮĲ̧ͬ
ô㣬أ
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⣬ĵߣһƼԼڣ롣
Ϊī
Ȼǰޱȴֹ
ˣ£õ
ŷһ٣Цݲ㽩ס
ޱ²豭һδȡζ̫Ũϲ
ʱ򣬵񰵵ԼõǳˣŽ²ȥǰ
ò衣
ޱƼһ˿졣
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ܵü£ĻСɧǽڹǰֳɫޱеעڵϡ
ܼжһһҹʱȻˡ̫ߵ̣̫ĸ㡣
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̶гɺţÿжһʳС
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Цβըޡ
иǱƿһڷľ¸㡣
ޱⲽЦֹȻǵǱлֵ⡣
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ۼҪǰԶѵ̫ӣҪţ
վһĻУ״Ϳˣ̫Ӿġ
˵ĶԣĻ֣ʲôĵģ
ޱһЦգֻϧ岻ʣܳ𡣡
˵ţĻţָһ
㣬汾ôõĸ㣬˷ˡ
ŷݴ󾪣ң
˵̫ӦòĿŵ¶ùϵҲģ˭֪ʲôźö
ܼʱйĹأҹڶΪĻӦΪǡ
ҡ
ŷԥѵһʳС
ĻһͷĸֻͣƼԼ
ޱ붫̶ڵǰԳԣ⿪ǰ֡
׼ᣬһԽŷݣʳĵġ
ҴԳҲһġ
ԭ飬ŷݿΪԳԸڹ˹
ɲڹǰһ˿һ
񣡡
ޱ˫Ŀ΢Ѿֹˡ
˵棬ڳһģɰȻ
ͦóԵġ
ĹȻһ㡣
ޱɿת˲ţָֻܿĮ



8 
˳ܻعͬʱߵҲԱȫ
뿪󣬵ûûεĻصߣ˫΢䡣
ȸգҲʽĸ㡣
ޱ·ɵƵġ
ԺҪҳԶ
ЦСֹǵң
ͦࡣ
ޱתȥѾǽںɵ֡
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Ŀ̫ԣûͷܸо󱳷ë
ҸͷиϳʡڹǰһΡ
Сޱθһֻ֣ڲ࣬ĻŲŲʡ
鷿мСݣżƳֻκӣѾߴɨʱҲܿǼӡ
棬ͷײʲôܣ
ӣⷢʲôأ
ͷһƣԭ¡
ǿӳ˴ɨǺɣ
ָЦ·һЩ֮²ϲ˴롣
ԭˡ
еС˵Ľء
һתͷ
л¹֪
ŷһ޼뷨跨ʹӡ
Ĳ鷿УϢĴһԣֱȹͣʡ
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ʻᲽ
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ԣޱͣ飬̧ʵд£Σ
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ôͲԣ˵ˣط⣬²ϲ˽
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Цţˣұ㹧лŷѡ
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ѣԽԽĻ֮ദ֮
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ȥôãǰˣ
ޱüһ˿ϷζЦݡ
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ŷӷ̸ҾӦǽ⿪Ľˡ
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ɵӡ
Ӻף½ѵǣͦġ
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ޱ˫δٽ͡бϣأƮ
а㸡һ㱡ޱ֧Ŷͷ˰Σ˿΢ң̬ɢ˲̴š
񾲾ǰһ˿죬¾ǰͼ
Ůÿţ߳һ
ޱ̧Ѿ˵ĳˡȻݸһЦǰ˹ָ
ͰʹȥСȵ˵ٻ
кηԸ
ޱգָĦǻ
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ԥƬ̣̽ҲСĴǵ²أ
ޱ˼⡣
ǲСĵģᱣ㡣
ȵģֵƭŹ㡣
ʱᣬñ΢Ц
ڷü



9 
ޱĿݱҪһЩˣڹߣѴ֮ʹ˻ᡣ
ҹ͵͵ǱƽŽյط䡣δע⣬ܵƣֻûһ⡣
ĳ鷿ر𡣵ײʲôܣ
˼СײǽڣҴһȴǽϵĻ
һŮͼһŮְֳ״ƿڴǰüۺЦů紺
񲻽סֻǻŮӲǱˣԼȹŮʱ򴩵ġ
Զһͬһȹڷ衣
֮࣬ϸ鿴ÿһȻĶŲͬѣЩͬ£εȫ乬ʱĳ
ʶϺһ̴ľУδ򿪺ӣǳֽţԵѾƣɼЩͷˡֽϵָ𾪣ЩŤŤ岻дĻ˭
Ȼš
֮УȻƳеĹϸź񲼡֪ģĪԤУеĴ𰸶ں첼֮¡
߽һǽƿ
ŵضֵλȻĿûվȣһ
һӶйĻ䣬Ļд֣ķѣԼλ
ŮΪ˻һŮѵΪֿѣ
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ˡ
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ŷݸǳ⣬ʲôʱ˵ԼĪҪҡ
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£ûУԼΪҵ¡
۰ͰޱԾʵ졣һҪҲԸ췣
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µƱΪ˸ۡƶޱᶯŷΪ
ϵͳ䲻ð
棡ŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
ֵŪľǿ򶨡
Ϊ˸УһڻֵҲֵá
Σޱͷ
ŷݰŪǷǣݺͬţʮȥ
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Ȼ˿ԩܿ죬ҽȡ
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ߣ͹
ʵʵ¹ʱ˵ŵţⲻϥǷᡣ
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ƽ˾գǽӵĴŶֽϽдűԷĸ֡
ŷݲűϳûգͼżҪˡ
ȻҹԼɫԱϴθѿ
¼ү
һԣ̧ʾ⡣㽫˵ŷ̧ϡ
ŷ̲Ƶſǣʱʱ̶̿ǶĿߡ
Ƥ£첻úŪ



10 
̴Ϥ£˹һҡ
ѳζʱʵȻ
ûʲôҪԱ͵ģ
ԣһ񣬡үŷӱܡ
㣡
ŷŭĿӣȴ۵ֻúݺݵ
η壬ҲԼ
үŷӼ¸ù⣬°ӡ򲻵ѣΪԱֻܹ
˵ң
ŷݴһСǣ֫۵죬亹ֱ
ǿᣬԲ˵ǡ
ߣôҲΪ˸õүЧ
ü⣬
治ɫĲ˵Ϲ
룬ڹûͷӬƵײһдƷøõ£ùȫΡʲôỳˡ
˵˭ǲдƷ
ŷŭɶСС
үΣǧҪɱΣ
Ȼʱѽȥˣһת۾ͰΪֹĳԺ

䴽г
ʵϴΣǲδүӦ֪¶ɣһ˭ģŷڹΪүһʱܱ¶
˼ٽ˵ϴ˴δȷʵǷףŷܿˡ±סŷӵҲʵǾˡ
û
ŷݷ꣬ٴνϡ
ȷʵǷף㼰ʱֹξȲ׷ˡԺնֱ࣬顣
һػ

* ǰ£ôȥЩ˵ӵ˵ˡ
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ޱʳſڣʵûʲôʳѾǰѷ˳ˡɵôʳп߳ϸȥš
Լģ͸һ
һǵ³ޱ£һͬ
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գƼڹǰƣˢڸСޱƺҲΪƶݡ
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ʱŹˣ٣ʫʸ踳Ȳͱóġ
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֮ϣ죬𽥵ģƺƽΪŨҡ
ޱʱһˮ¯
ˡ



11 
ŽգܰΧ㡣
в飬鷿Ȼҩɷ֣ҵѬʱЧãֻһζҩϺŻᷢ仯ɵǣζҩڵĲˮС
ڼ
ʵʵ˫ۻˮܾС¹ޱ
£ģһݺ
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ˮתҲеһѰٿĪζլǷʤ
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ޱʼδ̬յԽ޴ң
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û֤ݣ᯹֤˵ҽ鷿Ҳ˵鷿֤֤
һʱϱĪ⣬Ŀİһ䣬㣬㶼ˣҽƱ硣
һѽ顣
᯹ӣۼҩˣ˵µҩ
뷴ҧһڣ
߳ŭ̶ߥޱ£ӽƻǲ˵ʵġ
ͬʱޱʱ

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ϲüңȻһ̾Ͷٲ
û׽õ񣬷ѹסˡ
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ޱͷЦһųԱ֡

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ԣޱĴǽƽģס
ȷʵϲ£պʹҪԭ͡
һ仰ȴڵκˡ
ŮǺг𰡡
ԭ飬빫ʹͬ볤ǡ߲ƣޱѰġ
ޱȴԷһյĵĮƺʲô⡣
ŮĶԹҪ׷ݵǰ



12 
꣬ԭսͻ߾𣬴ӿ򳤰ǡ
УӺճһս˺ƵƵԭ죬ǳӱⷥʥʤ׷սңһʱ䳯о޽Ӧԡ͢Σһ˿Ϊǡ
㣬Ժɫϴ̽óԹһġ
ʵΪսңȼü֮ӦҪ󣬽ΨһĹԴ˰
ǵãодޱӪʣӦףʵ㣬ʱ׼ͬھ
û˻뵽һλ޸֮Ĺܹɱǲ֪ǣޱ书ȴʶö
Ӷɾ裬Ϊ˹飬ϲ̤бж㣬ز𡣴ԭɫζȾϣƻɢңֻƬ̼ɱޱǰҩҴӻر߾
ɥȺסԭʿһʧȥĳǳأһϻأʹǩ³֮Լ
һϦ֮䣬ޱ´󹦣ټϻʵԾĿǷʶΪιֻͬ˵ļԺ֣ǹĹͣȴǵùȥ/ӪʣʲôûԶӲ²
ʹŵУֵͬܡӵĸԽޱԽء
統գÿһǵƻͨ
ڣٱһɺ֡ʵЯƽճ谮֮ϣ͸裬ƷƼȣĴá
Ϊӭʹţȥص׼ĿȫѾƣʮߵȡӸߵ֮ϸŮǽæϲˣȹڴ诶ǶʢĻ
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Ǵ࣬輿ź룬裬Ϸ⡣
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μ£
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Үɾ򵱽ʥ񣬲ʮ乩ƷȥƷʹŻһЩѱޱݡ
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ޱԹ伲ҽȴҲʱ˵Ͼ˸ովԼ
Ц̫ҽܲͱ¶ˣ
صҲѸٶԼķװ̫ҽʱҩҩȫ˶߷磬ͷ˯ȴϱˡ
Ĵ̣žͱƿˡ
㶵ѾǴҴڣ¸հõҩԼҩϸָϼƵȥ
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ŮڻԽԽˡ
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ƭƭҲð
ޱ´Щ˵Ļ˻ȥվԭأһʱЩ޴롣
Ƭ̣ҩ



13 
ҩžͿ࣬ˡ
¶ɫɱޱŲòӡüͷҩ͹ࡣ
Ѻȡ
һ룬ķɬͰ͵ģ컺
ʱޱһǡ
˾Ͳˡ
æһ˿˿סҩζǺöˡ
ɫʶ䣬ޱεҡҡͷ
˻ǰ˼дϡ
ҩʱؾǺġ
ޱΪʲô汾£ѵ£пܻ
µǰѵסˣޱȻǵʱĴԲôģһƬհףжԱܡ
Ҳû̫ࡣ
ʧЦµˣͳȥˡ
ĴޱֲΣ˫ɻչȻ
ԭǴɵ
ޱסҶ꣬ЩԽǷͷñ///ˣ
գ޹Ĵ۾ԣɵˡ
ˣҩ
Դζγѡ
Ŷ
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ޱ˿ڣɫ˲İ
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ҩ׾۵졣
ޱʵڿ⸱ֱŵӣһѶҩƿסҩ
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ԹԵãǰޱʹѻĳ´һƬӰ
˿ڱϸİãޱҲͬ˾롣
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ԣޱһ۵˦
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ǡ
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ޱ˵ʲôͬС߶װƵƵͷ
գûܼޱΪ˿ڲأͺˣû뵽Ŀʼȡ
ƣԣԼϾܺá
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á
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ӻʲôóԺģĳ۵ļһ
ҮɾͬİӸ۸ż䣬ѾԻò졣
üеƲˣûȥˡ
Үɾô϶û¡
ǺԴӷϸܡ
ԣӸš
ҮɾʲôʱϵģԭûеŶΡ



14 
ҮɾΪףĹӸ˶Үɾ֮£Ѭľ£ںԡ
һıյҮɾϡ顣
ʲôǹԹԵıȥӪʣ衣
Ǻ̸쳩졣
¹Ӱţ졣
ƽηȨƣɰұﻵˡǸŮ˴ԣ֮λһŮӣܳʲô¡
ԱߵĹӸԵñӳЩоơ
ֻҪ޸ӣǽ֦Ҷǵñ󡣡
Үɾɫҧгݵ֮߱𣬲졣ҶҪãܡ
۸ǲһֲȫ뵗Ķ䡣Ҫǹ˵Үɾԭ£ھͳȥ

ڲᵽҥɱ/һˡǵߵڰףһһμŮĽᣬСҲ䡣
һƽ뿪֮ʣͣˡ
УǺ
ܣеѰһᡣ¥½֮ھ¥ſڵϡ
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˺ȵ˶飬;ȴ¶ˡúõžɢˣҮӵãֻ˵㾪šʣ൱ңһӣ²мһŷˣԵ
ܼҽʵһһӦþǴϴģڰ½ѵǡ
ԣޱüƺЩ֪аˡ
һԣŤŲӣŬʹ羰
տš
ܼǣֹɻСѵԶԵʮֲ
ޱȻЦһʲôЦ
µ񣬱𣿡
ܼҸæͷ۹۱ǱǹģٲҶ졣
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ǡ
ܼ⣬£δҵһʱ̡
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ǡ
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ޱ㴫ѾȡơۼѾǽ̳ƣסˡ
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ޱٴβ˫Ρ
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һҶ˼˼յˡӦһº𣿡
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֪ܲЦŹԼҪñ˵ĴͷԼϣúõģԣϣܿĿ֡
ޱûлӦ˯ˡ
齱˯ա
ϵͳðͬ
ƽӦ˵Ǹͬܡ
ͬԵСڸĸֹСĸţײôͣĸŮѣԾɫΪùö㲻ɵܷϹùõҪʱǵҲ͵Ȼ޴ˡ
ֱѧڹѧûùһǮףû˴İֻܿԼ
ϵͳڳĬҲ֪ûꡣ
峿ޱѣʱ͸ء
סͷʲô֮ģƳеҶӡ
һдƬӳԺĻǲΡ
ޱСҶ¶ˣһͷ
ػˡ
ʱȴ֪ڷС
Ʒóдġ
糿ĳģ
ƶĹϵͳʾˡ
ϲŮǰڻֵٷ֮ʮҪŶ
֮ǰȥĺڻֵͻȻˣ⵱ȻǼ¡
ΪʲôأΪҶ
ҼǵõʱϲЩʷ顣
̾˵ԸʵˣҪȥԸ
ߺ󣬵ŷӦ
ֲԭûŮĽܣԹԸΪ



15 
ϴ֮Үɾٳţɶ
ޱճдģδٽȻʡ֪ʹһղ뿪ǣһղܸ
ײףֳֳʹΪ֦ҶȨ֮£ҲֻΪƷ
Ʒһʱڵȵޱš
¡
ʯʩ
ޱ⣬һֱ⣿Ѱ£
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ԣޱü΢⸮ﻹûȥģ* 档
ʲôط
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ޱŰɣһˡȻνԵͤ
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ӺڳСĲ̽Լʬˣǰκۼ˵Ȼ
մ½Ŀ궨ڵѬϣһ»õϣáϲΨһͨĵطֻйС
ԭûеľ飬ֱͷۡһϤԭһʴ
Թ˴̫ӣԼҮɾںߡ
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˼Ǿһˡ
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УڣǺ𡣿кȻһ㣬ζԶһ̣ϰ
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ʱϰɫһ䣬˺󣬰ľܺĿء
񰵵ãȴһתȻ
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ͳڵİߣܽΪ͹ƽʯڡͬڵϵ£ﳱʪ䣬Ǵ˷ǵöš
ǰͺˣֻǰߡ
Һһ䰵ңʯϵܣЩȼ˵
ԶϤ
ѵϨˣ㡣



16 
һ۾ƳڽˣǱˣǹޱ
ʣϨ򣬽ӵ΢ޱ
ԭ뷨һ£ǰͬɽкѲ顣ֻޱ㣬ǰһ̽ѵһʱȻޱУ塣
ǴӲͬĵطͬһңҿƺ޹ʵͨġ
£м䱣һ˵ľ롣
Һ͵»ͦԵֵġ
ɵֵ
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У񲻹Ǹ޸֮ӣ̵ı춼ûУǴ˵ʺϳС
ЦЦȷʵţԭ밵̽ãõڰͨû뵽ʲôҲû鵽ץС
ⲻ·ô˭֪
ޱԼҴĻţһģԱ
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¸ϵˣԸĶ䣬Ҫˡ
ޱüʲôˣ

Үָ̧ޱ
ˢˢ״⡣
ȵȣҮȻǳģ



17 
Үǳĵ裬Ҫʲôõ
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һٴĿޱ·Ҫϵɸ
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ԣһɫ䡣
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ԣüɲ̬
ҮƶΪοޱ
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ҡҡͷҪһŮ겻С
㲻Ը⣿
ҮЦݣ⿪ϵıӣԶԡ
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㹫Сϰ䣬޸ʹһ
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ȣǵµĻţЧڵҵıְߣҾãο£ǵ£ⲢҪ
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ֲԸв¶ԸҲֻԱ֮޻̸֮ѵŮ˳ӾǺõΪһµΥԸӭϱˣ
Ȼһͨ´ʣδҮңޣֱסĲӡ
󾪣˫ȭգҮҶʩһҲ͹˲Ƿᱩ¶ˡ
ƾʲôһĵˣҲã
ҮвߣȻҽɱ㡣ҵҪޱ᲻ΪһĻŶΡ
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ʲôòҪٵϷ룡еš
һ̣żźȻ߿룬סҮӣӡħצ¾ȳ
ţޱһڵҰС
ھܸ㣬ǱˡһһƱزܰȻ߳ǡ
ԼŮģ̲סַˡ
ˣˡ㹫Ĵ÷⣬
˵ţޱɸֵĵࡣ
ʲô汾ظ

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ҮԲģӡ
ȵȣջһա
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ۼҪâæеͣ
קޱ䣬Сֹ£˵ĵ˾ѡ
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һԣֹסͷ͡ǴŮǣСڣΪȣ



18 
ż⣬ѹ̴ӣʱǲ
ޱ̹Ȼ䣬ʵѳء
ɱ֣һ
ҮЦŵʲôЦ
ԳޱȻ֮
ֲںкβɣܻڵȥ
ԣҮɫ䣬üͷ⾪ɲ
ҮɾֵͬܣҮΪݱȲ塣λҮɾǽ֮ܽ
ŮͶڲָƣ֪֪˰ս
Ŀݣһ˫ޱա
ͶˣŮӦþ߱ΪƸΪǣ
ҮԲӦʣһ˫ĿɵĴǡ
㣿ССĻŵ¶á
˿̣һ϶ˡ
㹫ܵµҡҲһʱʣ˵ֻǵսƷ湫;Ȥˡ
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һֹҮסޱĿ
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ԭ飬ŮҮɾԶ֣ҮĲ룬ҲͲŮˡ
صޱ߾λһࡣʵʵ鷿У״Ⱥ䡣
ΣޱĿڣ˭ţ
Ҳ·ǡ
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µĳǸžܿѲ߶飬ֱ߱ǽ
ԷķλϤŷݻڡ
ͣŷڵķ䶥ϣŲƬС
Եŵƣŷ̸



19 
ҹɫڣϸ귿Ρ
һ磬ŷ곤
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ҰĻȥʱүǲɡ
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סŵСˣָս
ŷˣá
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ʲô
ʱ޹ûʲô
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δʱ洫ŲŷѸתɿʱŭʱתΪ塣ĲǾѣǶķˡ
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ŲҵĽкѸ뿪˵ػ̣Ҳ˷֡
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20 
Ҳûʲô¶Ѱơ
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ǣ
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Ѳǵһ޹࣬Ѽֲ֡
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֮ʹѳԭڡȴͬһգǵõ˰ӼʹųϮҮɾڻɥ
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ȻһתͷޱѾһ䣬͡
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С֡
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21 
꣬ˮܹ䣬ʪŽҶણɷǺ
е˴˿̲꾰ȫͶעڶԷϡ
δ˴˾ֻŷա
۽ԶۣǶȣ˶ˡ
ӵʱˣ뾹̡
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ʵش𣬡·绪Ȼôġ
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ֻԵġֻ˫΢䣬ֱ֮ˡ
ſڣܼҺһۣղ˹غ÷š
һЦ⣬±ǰƽˡ
ԣܼҵͷ˵ͷ󣬵վο
Ҳãܸ˾ͺá
ֹǣ½ͬУӱúù١ѾӣСˣԵĻж
ϾµעڵϣҲûעˡ²粻ҲزľԱ۹Ǹ˻ŭ˶еӶš
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22 
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23 
Ӳؽţ²Ľʶһ³ֵĵط
ϸԷǡ
ԣͷǳЦΪơ
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ȻЦЦԭˣ빫ӻūҵ֪ūʲôأ
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װڵοͣ渵ϸڵĳԺ֡
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24 
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25 
ɴ֣֮͸˱ʽڣǣʮˡ
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26 
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ڽеĻ̷߳Ľƿһǣüʢŵƽʣҹյ硣
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27 
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28 
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ǣϳͲ
ʷһŹȥ﹫߸
ⲻǣ
﹫ۣæȥӸǰС͡
⸱ӣƲϡ
£ŮһҪ˻飬³ȫ
æЯŮһͬ¹һߣʷҲѺ﹫ⲻǡ
νѶϼ£ʵüͷȻѾòͷˡ
ԹɫŵǶŮҵС£ʥϣʵӦáҪ˵ʵҲǺ£аѱԺ׼۸ǧ𡣡
ͷĬĬ۶
ȻΪǺ¡
ޱЦ﹫Ӵ͸ǧ𣬱ǵôҲһŮֹС
ЦɫȴòȻƿԵȥһԡ
ԼŮĺãԼϲ֪ۡ
úαش󶯸ɸء
̫ۺЦ⣬תͷʥʾʣǾãС˽ȽϺáͻʥּ£գ˻ʼ档
ʵ۵ͷΪȻѾĬ̫ӵ顣
Щˣ°ɡ
ղ˻飬ԺӼѣŻھ͵ˡ
͵͵ʹɫµҲ˲ʲô
һ޶ϵá
˻ʵ޹ƫɻڵȴޣʵ۵Ȼǡ
˫ĿȻ˺һȻǰ嵶ھ䡣
²ϳȫŮԸ/ʥǰ
˴󾪣ǰˢˢεΧס
һֻӣûİ



29 
ֵزԤϡ
۵ôʹɫϰѵ¡
ۼ̬ʧأޱæֹ
ӣĪҪ嶯
Ȼвɹʵļơ
֪ǰ
̫ѵ⣬Ը´ȥԺļҸҵȢ㣿
յĿ
л̫ӵ㣬˲ˡΪ鲻ΪȫŮԸޣҲм֮ͬۡ
˵ţ侱໮һϸۡ
󺧣
ԭŮТ
ۿͨ죬
һʱ䣬ݺᣬתǰͷ
£
ʵɫΪã˰ˣɺͳ¾ʹգȶ£Ҫ徲
۵һء
ߵݣл¶䣡
һԣһŵˡ
˱ʵ۸ϳ޹̫ɫȥ
ȻŻˣץŮĸ첲ɵ¡
Բŵˡ
ĿΡ
ޱ̾һ˴ҲøӲǣ
ֻӸղʵˡ
к£ɥԼƲģ
ӻǵΪأϧԼ
ͷҾһʱԺ󲻻ˡ
˻Ϣܿ촫鳤ǣɣʮְ汾вҹڮӵ˵
Դˣһ֮˲ں̬ȷԲƣ˴ȥҲû˼ˡ
Σ̫ʧȥ£ѻᣬһǻ޴йǨŭˡ
ֵʢģͣǱԾġޱմˮ鿳硣
ֳͣת滷ˮ󣬲ϮƵʪ
ޱĿѾ󣬲ҷ졣
¡
ʳ͸㣬Цӯӯ̤ʯס
ޱſƿӵϢ
еģ˵˵ھ¥ӡ²ôţӷǵ˵Ǯͷ첱Ӵ֣ˡ
ϲҪ˵ӿŮкܣԺسɴҲ֪ʲôӵ˲ܵ
ȻѾıˣû׼
ޱ˭֪˼
ܺ棿
ԣӦߣϣûаҲǺܺ棬һ㡣
ǶǱ˵£ӴŹܹܣʹֻŮ
ֻĵµ¡
ȻһЦ۳ֿ
꣬ޱЩ㱡ǰ֮˷·ཻڣЦݲҳȣҫ۶ĿһʱˣԼΪ׷ʡ
գŴ۾£
ʱܼҺˮ֮⣬£ˡ
ޱ΢ʵ빬ʲô£
Ȼȥ޹ʵڴ˴
ںһҶɵĵλ֮¡Ϊĸ* ѱڻʵǰʲô߷硣
μʡ
ʵ۵ͷȻһȸģ
빬ΪĻ¡
ޱɫһݣ֪ûʲô¡
޵ĶŮУֻʣδס
ʵ۳һõɫ˼²ż汸ӵܣҼһǵģΪ
ޱ䴽Цظʣ
֣
ʵŮ󵱼ޣβĪҪˡ
ƻգޱֻһ䡰ˡѴ
㣡
ʵ۷ŭˣ˲赹ˮ
ĪҪͺ
תͷޱɫҪֱ£ʵ˾󣬽ɷΣ١Ҳ֪ģʼδ׵ֻСҲΪ˹룬ùΣٵ
漸֣ҧļء
˾˭ĻͲ˵ˣ̫ӺһԸ
ޱһ˵Σ𣿡
ɫ΢䣬᣿£檲˼
ʵʾתޱʱɫȥ
ĳô˵ģ
ʣͬûҪ£ˡ
԰գޱ񣬲ϻʵ۵ǳ⣬ֱȥ
鷿Źظһȼ˲żˡ
ϲӭϣ϶Էƺ鲻ѡ
ޱûʲô£仰򷢳ȥűǽԼڷŶûá
ſΣ̲ס̣һǸͷ˵ʲôˣǵŮˡ
ⲽ̧ͷƳԶԡ
ԲסˣΪŮģֻѡִݻ
񹷹ժһɫĻȥȥĵط
ǰϴãͷڵȵޱˡ



30 
ҹɫڲ¡
ɲǼ䣬ʰ쵵ĻƮ䣬ڹӳУ·һꡣ
ѾСǽԱһĻס׷פϲЦտ
ǿ쿴Ưѽ
ԽԽ˾ڳԣʹ˷
ޱֹͬסŲ̧ȥĻꡣƬĵǾޱƮģĶŻķ¶һĨǳЦ
ʮ£һͻͶûġ
üЦգҲŸˡ
ʱ򣬶ðϵͳ
ǿ㣬Ľɫ᳤ֲãαضء
ѾˣͷЦΡ
ʹ᳤֪ãǲĿŮѹ
Ԥ²ʱ䣬һӰ࣬ע
ɰ
Цû뵽Լôͱˡ
Ṧ˵ãӰȥٵġ
ϧĹάûЧһѰסļֱӰ˴ȥ
Ӵ
ܲŵأһޱ¡
۵ͷҲ̫/ˡ
㡣
ͷϴ˳ƹá
ⲻǼ²ģŸҵӡ
ޱɫӵĶҲãգϸϸĦ
ʲô
̧ͷϹ׽Ŀ⡣
꣬˫飬촽·𹴻ǵĹȡ
ԸΪ𣿡
һƬհףΣձƽֱԽԽ
ʲô˼ˣ
֮ʱѿڶԸ⡣
ԣޱǣ𴽽ǣ٣ƺĴ𰸡
汾빬ʥ
빬
ϡͿĸ빬š
ԭʥ϶Ҫڵ޹Ъˣôһ֣ò¸¡
żֵҹޣ
յŭδټϱϢʵɫˡ
ޱȻ΢Цŵһͬߵݡ
˼иģʹ˼ʹոԣ
ʵɫ׾ͺá
˵꣬ޱֱԵǶҪе
һˢˢֹʵۺ͵𾪣ãȻ
ȻŮ˵ʲôأǲǻˣ
˵һ飿
ʵŭʣҪһĻŵ
ޱͷǡ뵗ĻͶϣΨޡʳȫ
˵Щʱ۾һգգԻ崻׶Ρ
ʵۺǳֱ֣֣ôҹ㲻ҪҪһССĻš
±Сӡ
Ȱʥϣعͷȴһ
檿ССĻʲôķӹһʱͿŻ㣬ǡ
𾪵Уȫûڽʲô
ʵһͷɱ֡
˭ܶ
ޱһһ䣬
ʣѾĹ⡣ûиδӵĹ
Ȼ
һ̣͵Ļʲô⣬ʲôʱ£ô֪
ϵͳҲˣô£ⷢչ԰㲻ѡҲѡѽ
ʵۺ͵Ĵֲһʱû˵ǣɫѿĽ
븸ʳȫ
ľѳۣʵϧӣ֮¾ͬ¡
գͻʥּ͵˹ϡ
ˣʵگԻ񣬵²ż汸ڣʵ˶ͻιΪ˴˺ͬͬ£⣬մˣ
Цķʥּϲϲ
˫ֽӹʥּ˻
ͷѾһӽ𶹣˴ּǡ
ôˮĵˣ
ڼ﹬ⶼΪﱸʹŮϵٲͣʵ׼ʮױޣϰ㲻
зַּ븮Ϊ£׼ϼǾŮʹǰŸ̡
ʱأȵҹò׵ü
ææµµҪ⡣
ʱޱױ̨ǰԴ
ǸʲôﱾѡΡ
񼸲ǰԥʳڣΪʲôѡң
ԣޱΣɫԶԡ
ɻΪԱģŸ֪ϸռλӣԼˡ
ˣס߻ڿڡ
ܰҵҡ
֪Ϊʲôﾹһ˿ʧ䡣
Ǻӡ
ޱߣûкӡ
ԭŮڲƭʵ۵ģŮĵԽԽȻķ۾
̶ޱ𴽽ǣЦӯӯġ
ֻҪݺĽɫ㡣
ף
ӴˣǾһϵˡ



31 
鵱, һƬϲ졣ʥȥ, Կͨ졣
Ⲽʵ, ÿŴ϶ϲ, ѾСææµµ, ȴЦա
ǵĹһ˹, ϴ磬ߵʥݡǱڹ׼ʹӭס
ϴϲ, ͷɹٶĹᣬһȺϲ, ǾŮʹ
У˵ǵ, еô£
չ, ҪŸͷӭ׶ȥʹӭףùϻ, һ·ν֣ص͡
ֱƻ, ĵ̡Ϻ, ڶвС
ִ﹬ǰ, , ͽ빬ʱѱãʵλڴ֮, ȴ
ʱѵ
̼ɤǰ, תͷͼϲǴӵӿ
ޱжȥյֻһλֳȴȣסϼˡ
Ӷǰˣھ޷
ϲڴ͵ЦСѣýˡ
ŷӦޱڡ
һأ
תţŹع
ݸã
ޱķ̫أж㣬ֻϲת
֮Ψʵһˡ
Ը̣ûʲôðݵģϲӣȲƽЩˡ
޶԰ݣ
ת˴ˣĿ⽻㣬ԷʲôԺֻʣ¡ĸ֡
ɣ
ʱȻҹʽʼʵæƼٹ֣ͬûʱǡӭϻΣ뿪ʹ
ʮﳤַǷǾۼ࣬ӳ˲ӵȴӭ׶龭ҹɫ¸˭˭ֻ֪Ϊ׵ϲǵ˲֣ʹ治òҲҪǻȸԾ
ȥͷܶҪάҪ·м䡣
Σĳһף˵֮ġ
ϲͣڹǰ̣ǰȹꡣ
ޱ½Σһ̧ͷƼĳڽԣԼ֡
˾ϣǶںЩ
ϲѣޱִ̧ȥЯ븮һϲ˦ںͷ
ǽţܼҼϯƮ㣬輧ˡ
Ϊɹٶ񽫹ͻϲ󣬲òȥӦꡣʵڲãԵĺȹ඼ɹܼҴȵġ
˵ܼѸߣȴˣϵ׳
ûȼôˣǵϲɺأûֶĻڣϾû˸ιĶ
صϲͼޱǰΧϲﻷƣȽơ

񱻴ԣȥȴȵڣ˸ǲɷ
빫
ϲžƺǰϲЦտ˵ż黰
Ӵ˳þá
ִһ͵ޱҲٱ˳µԷֱۣͷ
Ҫ̶ˣʣµıǵϰס
ޱֹȥɡ
ϲʱ죬׷¡
ʱϲֻʣǶˣԼžҡҷҹɫ续ʱ޿̲Ѵһֵǧ
ԼŵƳϵ¯Ӧǳζ
˰ɡ
ޱͷ汾ͷ
ζһ죬ƲӶҪˡ
æժ·Լī̿
ޱͭޱġ
Ҫ𣿡
ԣޱƹ
ЦҶˡ
ǹһң»֮ҹ涼ǱͣҲ÷ַ˯
¶ȥЩСʳ
˵ţҪתȥ
һ̣ޱץסĸ첲أ
񲻽գ۾ֻƣӦòϣڷУΪʲôֲߣ
룬ޱǣţص֮䡣
㲻𣿡
ãȻˣҡҡͷֵͷ
еۣе
ޱ䴽Цգǳ㣬һĦţ촽һһϣջ
ˣ˯ɡ
ֱƤԽԽأֹס⣬ǹζҲŨˡ
ˣôŮ㡭
ȻΪʱһͷԵڴϣ˯
ޱɿȥβϲ߻˯ѵˣԳЦˡ
̧ĳë޵Դϣ޷˯պ˯ˣ鸴ӡ
޴СĻҡһԼһִٳɵġ
ķˡ
һҹķ׷Ŷ뵗޹أ˯ĺܳһǱϵͳʾѵġ
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮˡ
ţ
һӾˣæܣ֪ȥԷֻʣԼ
ϵͳһΪʲôģҲס
ѵΪףͨ
˻Դͼѳµĸøܡ
ôģ˵ûɡ
ϵͳԶԡ
»ڶ죬ȥˣ
ϵ¯ˣһ׸ɾѡͭˮԾȣԼϴġ
Լʰ򿪷ţ£ͥԺȴȻ

СѾǰ񣬡鷿˾͹ȥ
ͷ͡
ִŮѧԼ趨ʡתͷ麣
¡
鷿ʱڰǰĿֳֵ伮
ϰڷżСʳ͸ޱͷҲֻ̧š
ԭΪ׼ġ
ʮ㣬ųԵģܻȻʡ
ԷĹޱ鼮һӡǲӵĺȿȹҹ棬һڡ
Ĺһ飬ģмǲɷ
ڶأˣ˭˼ǹء
̾ĵ˲䲻ˡ
ӣһ𣬲ΥóĺģԺá
ⲻ˵Ҳ᷸
ٿڶ˯ݣͬҪ˯䣬ڹԡʱš
񣺡
ȥɫ/ħ
ԹΪȣ˵ľǶԵģ档
šҲаɡ
ҳȻٶ
ڹǰ̹ϣѻѹߣɱ⡣
Ĭã˼
˻ü
𣿡
ޱʵ
̧Ļش𣬡ˣ
ţûʲô¾ȥɡ
԰գޱ麣
һͷ뿪ˣڼ伸ֹջǰѻ˻ȥ
֮ǿ㽵ŮĺڻֵҪݣˮ¥̨ȵ¡
Ҫ񣬺幫ġ
˽ҵ£Ҫֽߡ
²ҪЩʲô
ͬСֹ䣬һӾͶˣæѾȥѰ



32 
칦, ѾСǶڼɽʯæµ͵ʮ㡣֮ǰù֡
ֱù, ͻȻ԰ͻޱ², ոʢ, š
˵һκû, Űȥĵͤ
ֻܳƷ, Ȳŵġ
ӷţ˾ڼ, ޱͷˣֻδ뿴Լʲô
, ԶЦޱѭȥѾСһ, һ, 籼ܣὥϳ, ֽ֮ԽԽߡ
ɫĺֽգڵĵ׺ơ
ٷŸЩ
ִֽͬߣЦݲá
ϣ
ٷµֽʱ, Сܵĸˡ
Ǳ䲻, ̰, οͷ
Ц, ¾Σˣ
ǰ乬ʱΪСһֻֽ𰡣乬ʵûʲôģΪ˺Ůɷѿġ
ղ, ⲻ˴ֲЩѾܴˡֽ, κ̫ӣնɺʽձɣֻֽ𰣬Եòô
ޱʶߣĿʰ쵵ֽ𰣬ʱ·һӻصǰ

һϮȹĵվǰһֻĺֽ𰡣
ʲô
С󲻽⡣
ֽ𰶼ûʹһš
գƾɵԺȥͷ󺹡ļˣСֻеԸ
ûֽ𰣬ֻûַŹѡ

ޱԾǣ𴽽ǣĿ¶乬ʱΪĻʱ⣬ǵ
£Ҳȥֽ𰣡
񵨷ʵޱܣɷ˵Ľ
ޱȫ̻㱣ȥعһִᣬǵֽϷɵԶ
֪ǲǱĻЦȾҲһЦˡ
ޱֽ𰣬ƫͷעĲա
¿𣿡
ġ
ˣҲˡŹޱѾǴӵǰԡ
鷿Уܼͬ
˶ū
ݷתܼһ˿
ʣһٶʮʲô
̾Ŭѧϰ黭²ż汸
û
ܼҵֽ̿īѾ׼׵
ѧϰ
ܵĹܼұضˢӣ۳ৼʣһʢʱ³ˡ
Ϊʲô˶;ͨ黭أ
Ȼóġ
Цóģа
ǣʾͻͬ»ˡ
ܼšüԶԣϵӸˣĻʱǰһڡ
ʲô
ŵĽܣСͼ
ûѧѾˡ
ʱޱص鷿ѧϰɹ
ܼҹ񣬡¡
ޱĿɨϵĻ̵ô
ܼһݣūѧǳǽ̲
ԣޱü΢ֱ
滭ġ
Ļȴ˵
ޱֻһۣüͷֱ
ǻ
ǵĵ¡
ƾоݣƣ껭֡
䣬ޱֱ˺ġСͼ
ʲôû˵þ»
תۼ䣬ޱңԼලѧϰȹܼһҪϸ
Ӻף治ǻĲϰ
ûҵרɽ
ޱ
ûȡ
ڰ׷Ĵ۾ƴʱ
Щãƹˤëʾ͵ذá
ֲǻʦȷʵ˻ĺá
ԣޱ۾ϸ
ôģ
ĳѳú׶ŹˡǾǿԴ͸¶ŲԼѧʡ
㣬ѧѧ
Ÿ䣬ô¶
ޱ̾һǱְֵĽأ
ѧ
תЦӭ
ѧϰˡ
̨׾£߱Ʒ֮һ
ŮǲŮ黭ͨǶְֵḶ̌ʱգضҲѧᡣ
ϵͳ⧲ߵǣ
񣺡
ޱԳУֽϣϸϸ棬ΪỺһͳˡ
Ŀݣửʾ
ºϲ
ˮͨǰԺܽأɼϲá
㲻ϲ
ޱʵ
ʵ⧲Ů˼·ͨ˲һ
ϲǳϲ
ޱְֽ飬ıԼɡ
ĻƮԶˣȻʧĳˡ
ʲô
ޱֽʾʡ
һ±ʱ࣬׼ĸ̳ޱ
ϲϵͳûָ𣿡
ϵͳͬѽ⣺ûаֻһһܡ
ǾˣѵǸŻʦ
ޱƳһۣӿɽ̡
һ졣ı١
Чޱȴͣ»ʣĳɽ֡
ķ֣дëʱǰˡ
»˼Ҷ㣬Ƕȴϸѧϰγ̡ڼ䣬ֻޱɽĳѧϰ
˿һĲݣȴΪ罺ᣬѷ֡
ԭ̫ҽΪ̥ޱ򷢻ȥ
ɻգʵڹ磬Ҳǹš
磬湫빬磬»鲻ã˽һϲ硣ڸвͬʼǱ㿪ʼݶޣӰ롣
ǵͷһݲμӹ磬ҹûһյʡ͵ĵơ
ڽţ
ޱʵ
ҡͷǿջЦûУҲš
ģǳġ
ޱ赭д٩
ĵĹѾͣǰ
꣬ޱϸ
ǵãҪ
·ģġ
ɫݣóˡ
ˣޱҲû̫ģϾԼȥɵɵġ
Ծһϰߣֱӻޱ
˾ٳɹڵȻûз˼һֱ빬š
ޱϸֿɺΣű
ȴдǣ²˵ԵĽչˡ
Ůʵ̫ˡ
ޱ޷˲÷һȲкԼ֪첲һѡ
ţˡ
Ϸ⣬ʵ۵һ飬˫Խ§ޱˤȥ
ôö֮ĽܽصƸۣС¹
μʡ
μ¡
Ȼʵ۵˵ɫǾʷ׳ʣҲû𣬱ˡ
λֱ̫ӺҲࡣ
Ƽ룬˿ˡ粢ˣ׶룬ֻлˡ
Цӯӯͬʵ˵ǶмӣǱ˽ƣСĸ̥
һûȥǺĿԲֹͨ졣



33 
ǸЦ滢, ôںȾλɼһ㡣Źػţʵ۸һ״, öԷԲ˶ߡ
ͬ˿, ἰ֮, ƴ
檵Ĺ», 嶯, ̫ҽΪƽ˭֪ϻ
, ʵ۹Ȼõд£
ޱݸһЦ, Ȼϰ˹ǹ
ظʣ, ҽտ, һֱΪͷ̫ҽ
˵, յԲƣǸ˵һӡ
л, ˡ
ʱ, ˻, Ϊ, 졣
ԱּĬרעΪˡÿһȳټȥޱС
⡢˱Ѽ, ǹϲġ
ƬڡϺʶ, °̡
»ĸ
΢չ£ޱвӦֻݵ̫ɽҲϰΪˡ
Ʈ㣬㲻ƷᵽƺǣζʱŨʱɣΪ˼ɡ
ԼǾ񫷸ˣޱԾɨһۣȴ֪Լϸ΢ĶȫĳС
ۼֿ죬һƺõĸԶ
ޱеıŭЦӯӯĿߵϷҪ㰡¡
ͬ룬ƣ̰
֪ǾˣǱʲôޱ׺ݵĵȴҰ㽿Σĳ˿ʱȻ©һģ˿ָֻ
ԼˣɺԲ֪ôߣޱôǣϸڶԴһϡ䱦
ĪҪҶմ϶ˡ
ޱǱס㣬ŪҺ˶Ҫ͸ˡ
Сһˡ
󷽷ò꣬û¶ƵģޱҪ* ɱˡ񣬻޹
£
ʱ̫ˬʵЦԱߴ˶֮ĪΧ
ûܹסúȾƣȻһｵһ˵С
ǰû뵽óе硣
ŵ٩ָÿҪעⰲ̥ţڳ֮¾Ͳعˡһ̥иʧԹǵòʧ
ѽ˭˵Ů˻оͲܸҵˣ
ǣޱֱ֣ŶԷֻԼ£Ķɡչ˵ķ֮£³˲չ˲ܡ
һڲƭˣޱЩˣһʱ֯У治١˻ŷӦڶϷ
֪Ǽٵģޱڶˣֻ䴽ǳЦ˫繡
⣬֪ˡ
ٯٯˡڶ汻ҭ˵ĿĶסɱˣ˿촦
ܸоǵֻרעŹҿΪߣ̨ʵѡܲ۸Ůһ
һɹĸԼٳֵĵ飬ƵᣬʵġܽصŹ֣һ̲롣
ӷµɲǣһ
ǽˡ
ĳˡ
Įͻأ
һ£æɿ˼ң˼ЦЦ
ǣ𡭡
ޱһĿڣݵĲ
л¿佱
ʧЦ
ûпݵأ
ƤЦޱĪˣȻס°͡
㵨ԽԽˡ
ǽµķԸ
ͷĵ⡣
ޱһ֡
߻Ʊ硣
ֱصУδٶһְ䣬ͽԼˡ
ںͷӺס
Ͷ
£ҪԸ𣿡
ԡ
һݷŽգֱӰͷ
ôˣ
ԼյΪûʲô֮
ʱĴ󾭹ǵˣ
ʲô֣
ֵɫʣ˳ȥԺ䣬Ŀĵй䣬Իͷ羰
»ӳУƬܽޡʤա
ߣʱðˮˡ¹ϣԭ޵͸䡣

ֻһȻףͼһṫӣŰ£Ϣ
ǡ
ǹӹʩ񣬡¸ĻţԶ֮
ԭĻţûʲôӡӦòҪ
ӣڴͺɣ
Զ֮Ȼ΢ЦҲŨ𣿡
Ų˵ԼǱϳġ
ɣѰԼ
Ѱˡū澻ȥ
Ů
֮࣬񲻽֪ˡ
䣬Ѿ̺ô죬ֻЪ񳯷罫˸ྴٰüͬ
ǸˣӲϴĶ˯ϴѧ󣬵һϣͬѧҿΪϴʧߣֻûûεĺ˯
Ϩ£ڻ谵۾˼ǧ
֪˯ûС
Ķ䶯£Ӧûš
£
Сֹ
˼û˴
˯ˣ
£
ͻӦˡ
ûû¡
סĿڣԼ
ëŲš
ޱ
£˯ţ°ɡ
ޱһ˯žȥι㡣
ˣҸо˯ˡ
ΪԼ
Ժ鲻ԸֲڷУӦȥ鷿ˮ鿡
ϣѰڳޱˮмùţޱԸ˶ϱīֽ⣬ϰֻ
¡
ķı˲ʲôСˣλİ¹ӡ
ϸⲻĸԶ֮
ܼͱīֽ
˵ţ£һһںá
¿ɻԸ
ޱ̧˳ᣬȴ뵗Щơ
㻹ʲô
Զ֮׵ʲôһ㣬ƾ·Ը
񲻽üԷôһȸģѲģ
Ӧòϲİɡ
͵͵۲ޱķӦȴʼղ䲻ãȤĸߡ
ޱЦˣ轣𣿡
ص£ͨһ
ޱԸȡɸԶ֮ͼһˣƻֺ꣬һ
ĺá
ޱֳޡ
Զ֮ϥأޡ
һԣΣת
ʲôųɻҪˣ
ȻľٶǽĿࡣޱȻ̣
Զ֮лö֮棬¶г΢Ц
ơ//ƣ
¡
꣬ޱֱӴϡ
ú֡
ǡ
񲻷±͵ļأֽǸԶ֮
ʧ𡭡
ϵͳʼ˵˼Ҳû㰡
񣺡죡ҲҲ
ϵͳô籾˰ɣ



34 
»֮, 絽ʱ䶼ŵѧ٣ϰֻһ̲С˯ı, 峿Ҳ, һﶼ˵ϼ仰
Ե, ĻŸԶ֮ڹ, ŭˢڸСƺٵó, Ǳߵ˼
ѧϰ֮࣬ʱȥ鷿Ͳ, սžͼԶ֮ǡǱԼǰһΪϲˮСʳ
Զ֮΢΢ף
ǰ, ĲƿķԼġ
˵, »ǲҪΪá
ޱԶ, ˲˿գҲ, ˳µȥ
࣬븵Զ֮Ŀ⽻㣬˿ȥ, ȴֹסϾ
ʲô, ޱֻ, Ҫϰ, ī
ī˭δָա
Զ֮һȡīλ, ̧ͷЦ湫īͺáǻҪ𣿾Ͳͷˡ
ߣС˵־
˭֪ޱͷһ仰ȻҲǲȥ١
񲻵òӦ, һͷˡ
󣬸Զ֮ЦĶ䱳ӰĵҲˡ
ͷԵĶ٣㣬ּгҲģ
ֻʮָ޳Ūˮһɽˮ䲻ޱգҲ
鲻ѣټȴ
ϵͳɳ̾ôȥҪͨ黭ˡ
΢ɷ㣬¥ɴƮң衣
任ĳһ÷ӴӲ׳ˡ
ֻѧ÷֡
ƮԶöȴһǰ·̴̲ס׷פ㡣
£
Զ֮˺üʼղӦ
ޱ⣬أԳ
ǲ
ʲô
Զ֮ãȻûаǵˡ
ޱδᣬֱŴ⣬ѭȥ
Զ֮е£лҪԵ˵
ԣޱɫ˪
˵
Զ֮æͷ¿ˮ
ҰĽ£ҪңףҲĸԸ
Σ鷿žˣԶԽˡ
ޱ̧ͷ
Զ֮ϲ۰Ͱ͵ޱΪԼϾҪ֦ͷ
Ȼתۼ䣬Է͸һ
ס
ޱЦЦɫŹ֣ͬƻĵĹȡ
ݴˣ뿴к⣬û뵽Ȥ
Զ֮ڵֱӰ֣¶塣
ϵͳŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
Ȼֹ񱻾ŵľϽסĿڣδСͨͨ
ɶˣ
úõĵ٣ҲܰŮڻֵȥ
ţ䶯£¥ŲϤ
֨ѽһ¥ſˡޱȻ뷲Ů
ͼ촽Į
Ĳ
ʱϲѡ
£
ޱԱ߾Ϲ齡
ٵһ
á
ٵ÷֮ʱȴһֶ÷ԸΡ
Ŀԣ齻֯·÷֡һ̣ԹԺ󣬽÷֮ˡ
ͣˣޱѵóܴ󡣡
˲ԼղŵˣͰ͵Ĵչȥ
ǵ½̵ĺá
ϥڹߣЦûûΡ
ޱƼ⸱ɵĪò٣ָ̧գĴԷ֮Ƶġ
Ҹ̫ͻȻ⧲ı˫ƻһԹԵζԷΪΪ
֪ޱϲԼʱʱľһ¡
֮ľԽԽѾĳ̶ȡֱܶðۺݣһ̣˺ȻƿΧʱɢ
ٰɡ
˵ţޱƣ룬п齼䣬Ŀ
Ҳٱߣһɽˮȥ׳Ĳֻ֣ǰߵɽ֮⣬Ϫˮᶯʺϰ
ǱĪҲδԶ֮ؿƿһἰȥ
ҲµˣϾڻֵǰǵġ
գѵһꡣˮưãףƮҡģŴһƮ
æȥش̱ʪ
ʱȻ
ޱЩΪˣδ룬Ƿǰס
¡
˱ˮȥͼޱ齱ߣȵ
æǰı˳
ȣǺš
ޱɫѿ˫ղķ죬ִֵĳԼû¡
ɲǸֱ̽϶ͷ
̰
ȥС
ޱһס䣬ء
ôƵĻ伲ҽ
ĵȰҪҽܺõÿ졣
գǼ˰ͬһۡǰԺðŷеҲʪ˴롣
󣬹ȻȾ˷֢֮дҩæԸʹӰҩ
Уߺ󣬱㽫ޱشϣǿϢ
㵨ԽԽˡ
¹
΢΢һЦ湫Ǻñ
˾Ҫú˯ʱҩ
ܸӰ죬ޱûʲôͬ죬ûñ˯ȥ
ڴǰýʪӷͷϡÿһʱ䣬ҪӣԴ˽¡
ƽС컹ţֲϡ
¶õҩȥ䡣
£ҩˡ

ޱɫԾɲü΢ƺ˯Ĳȣ˫ĿգûʲôѪɫ߽
˵ʲô
սֻٽЩ䶼˼ˣ˵ʲô
ء
ܡ
񼸲ŵ̾ʶ˷ҩι
δѣҺû֪ҩʡ
Թķҩӣֱصҹڽˡ
ǵ乬꣬С˳󲡣Ҳôġϧʱ΢ᣬû̫ҽΡΪ̫ҽò乬Сĳײ·Ļʵ۳ɥʧܡ
֪Ǹģʹûˡԭī࣬ҪҲû
ſڴߴ˯ͻĶѣŵ˯ȫޣ侲֪ԭޱ֢
̽Էͷ¶Ѿ
ޱ֪ʲôΣͻȻסĸ첲ţ§סžݡӶڴߡ
£ҡ
νͣޱûѣִŵ§ǣޱüչˣƺ˯ȡ
̾һȻΪѵĳ䵱һرɡ
ǣСϴ齣࣬㹫§Լĸ첲
칫ˣ֮Σɣ
Źǣսľ˯ˡ
峿ͷ磬һʺʡ磬ͽ԰ϴҶл
ܼһʹСǴɨͥԺְ
ǱĶѣޱ˫ģܺ䵽ߡ



35 
Էϸĳ, ˺޷˯
һжôͣΨޱκˡ
͵ͬ, §һĸ첲
֮, ޱѸֺ, ͷԼ, ԭ, ޲ס
ߵĶѣ鲻Ըƿ, С棬, 硣
Ϊλڱϣ
ޱ䱸Ķ
ԣ񲻺ʱ˵Ĵ˸Ƿ, , ˳չ
ҹɲô˵ġ
һǱࡣ
½ң˵ҪߡҲû취, ֻˡ
ܡ
ޱӺ͸ʸڷϡ
ί, , ҾĵҲұŵ¡
˵, , ¸Ȳˣҿչһء
ޱǾɲĴȴò˵, ѵⲻǣлҲ, ߳ŭԲ
ˣ¡
㿴ģʺ϶¸ϴˣšţǺҩʱҩܺõĿ졣
ੲݣſڵѾǽн룬뿪
ޱ⣬ˣ˭̱
ѽ
Цݲã˵ߣӡ
̹ӣרҵġ
󵨣
·ɣֻϴѡ
һ󼦷ɹڰѹޱ/ͷɫҲ࣬ϴȣٲǰ㲡ġ
˰Է඼嵭ʳ
Ⱥɣȡ
ޱǰС࣬Ѿȥ˺ˣﶼζ
СθʺһûԶˡ
úСĿǺҪܱȶҩá
ޱһۣ֮⡣
ֲǺӡ
ԣ񲻽ʧЦ
Сࡣ
ĳ˵ṥ£ޱ¶࣬ҲԲˡ
һȼҩҲĲˡ
ҩ룬žԶ
¶á
ޱסҩ룬Ŀ¶ſڡ
£ҩɲС
Ƴһǿ۽¿࣬Ҷ׼ˡ
ޱǲϺȣҩҲܺá
»˵ԼСӣֻСӲŻ¿ࡣ
ϼκζԷס
ֱǭ¿
̣һӡ
Һһڣ¾͵øźȡ
ޱü΢Ⱥȣ
˲¿
ڵĻᣬ˼ҵСĴָ
ϵһ겻䡣
ƴˣ
ͷһڣ˲ɰ
õºˡ
㡭
ޱһ˲³֣ɡ
ţҩͷ£ൽ
ʱָСĲߡ
ȡҩζޱڷĪΡ
£
ỽòӦ̽϶Էͷ
̰
ҪҪ˯
˵ţ˰齼ţҴñǣЦ崺硣
ֻŵ¡
ޱԺȫĳ˵Цա
һպͿˡ
˯óɣͷͱֹ

񣺡
򿪷ţºŮ
ʮִָʾ⼸ÿĴԼҪһ١
ʱ¾ͽٰ
ƽȣ˫ָ֮ϣʮ㡣
һתĵطСкѧӣʺϰߡ
꣬ޱҲ˯ˡ
ŹЪ£Ѿǵвɻɫһ㣬ҪĻժǾޱǾޱʺŮ
ѾΧܣĶš
ֱֻ߰໨Ҥƿŵ񲻶ϵĲ廨ֻƿķ죬ͬɫʵĻ֦ƴһȻг
һƿǾޱΪǷۺ䣬һƿտʻɫ
Ǿޱķŵ·һֻƿ鷿
ǡ
ȥϵĳع
ޱٴɫҹµգȴǳӳ
һʱζȻ̧۾ƼǰĻ
ʱԶŽʳ̷ôͷ֪ޱҲԲְ̫࣬ƵĽ˿࣬ϹϺͺ棬Щ轡
һǺСضУƤڶ񣬻塣
ι¡
˵ţҨһ࣬Ȳŵݵߡ
һιҩ˻ǵء
ޱûжһιһȣûãͼˡ
ûµóԵġ
ޱ˵˻ȥ
ҲǵιųԵģûմ֡
ιιҩ΢㲻ˣչˣȽ곤
㲻𣿡
˼ҡͷ
ۣˣչ˵Ӧõġ
ԳƬֲ̣ĸԸġ
ޱã̾ɵϡ
Ժﴫһ
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮţ
񣺡ۣ⾪ϲġ
ϵͳ㲻ôչŮڻֵŽٷ֮һе٣ﲻ᲻ƽ⣿
ϸ£ᰡչŮΪڻֵΪչ
ϵͳɵϡ
٣ô˼һɵϡ
ϧЧϵͳѾװ
ʼŹ˯º󣬲Żȥһʱ̡
Ȼ춯ʲôĴӣűǹĽ
һƿȣȻŸ롣ֽϽѸӷߡ
ָֽΨ֣
ϴι磬ŹײԺһ
õԤУܾ顣
ԤвûдżΪһԹ¡
¼ү
ϸǰ֮ˣԭȥףû뵽ʵĿ죬
Ƿޣ
˼һæ̬η⣬Ҳү࣬µүߵġ
׾ͺá
һУݽǰ
빫ͬܺһᣬŵ¼ɡ
ӹУǺӲװʲôװذ׻ǿԵġ
үǡ
㲻عʲôֻҪձ˵ȥ
ѹԶԣ֤ԼĻᣬջˣ㡣
˫ŽУѾðˡ

ӵĴСպòؽңҹعʱޱ˯ûļ
ԭûеľ顣
ûףһյµ顣
ͷʲôö
ֻҪݺڿͬں˺Сǡ
߬ӣɫأѡ񽫽д򿪣ڿʱĿƺ



36 
һֻ, дĳ˵֡
ⶫ̫ˣĶ֪
ޣȥĶ, ý, Ź, 롣
Ҫͨ޻Ů׹֮, ֻǻʵ۵ġ
Ѹ, ˵ŮӦû֮ǣҲô
ʱ, ϵͳȻҪ, £͵ڱѡҪһɱ, ڶսҲʧܡ
Ȼ֪, Сʱ̲
񣺡ͲܱһΣ
ϵͳΪѵаͷй涨, ҲΥ
һˣţ
ϵͳһ, ѡ, ܻŶ
齷, ζǵŮữΪ, ȥݺŮʵ
ĵ˲ϨһӰϢ뿪, ʱٴ۷, ֪Ǳ֮
谵УޱֱԼϣעԼôҲ۾Ϊξ
ɫ߼һƬףżйα֮У
ޱ˫кƼξе龰
Ƭ֮͵ǻþˡ
ſڴߣ˯˿ûвΣս٣֪ʲôΣЦ⡣
κȻתΪجΣھĶ䡣
ۡۡ
鲻ԸҾԼˣ̧۾ͶϹµա
æ۾װ
˾ˣ𴲶ôÿ
ˣ
װޱʩӡ/С
ޱҧ˾ͱװȻйܼúѡ
ˣ¡
ãɫ˯⡣
硣
ɲǸͷӡ
ޱʵΪλڱϣ
ϻչʲô
ԥƬ̣˼ڤҽڡ
ԼΣԣСεˡ
֪εë
ޱЦԽԽ˺ëֱ
ơ
á
¿ˮĵǺŪȥˡ
ԼԳ飬Ҫ￴Ů
Ϊʲôã
ޱȻûŹʵߡûΣƭ
񼸲ŵ̾Ϣһ֮ѿڶ£
һ˾һ㶡
˵ʲô
Ȼѳڣˮգò˳Žȥ
ָұ㲻ʱˡÿϰ٣첻ϻְЪ磬Ҳ̴š鲻ԽҪ࿴£ԡ
˵ţʩ˵£ҵˡ
һϯ٣ѱ档
ޱƬ̣޴˵ԼӶɫм档
ΣޱÿɷֱӽϳԷ
Ժⲽû¾* ʯӽƶ
Ӧû˵ǣڻɡ
һʱױ׵ѾǽȥԷϤˡ
ǰʩȥš
һ㶣ԷԷ
ȶԲϣΨˣ֮ʱһԡ
ޱĵΣ
Űɣˡ
ԣеܳȴ׼Ǹ˻ǲˡ
ŲѵĽˣ
ղϰ١
ޱͻȻ汾ȥԷֽ𰡣
ٴסŮƺﲻһԼǸĺ˵
һѧϰݱãһգޱߣ粽롣
ѾСǾԺֽ𰣬ȴûȥ㹫
ˮԣ滨ҷˮԷ£磬ɽˮڰŽҶϣવ졣;Īܡ
Ϊβȥͬһ
ޱҡȣʵ
üۺЦҸŵ¡
ޱѸƳһۣɡ
ʧЦԴӿʼȷʵǰڲŸˡ
ʱһֻֽƵƮˮУֱ˶ۼֿ죬ֽץ
ˮ֮⣬ѾС˲һƬ
ˡ
˸ǶɸӣһĿͷġ
ūŸūŸ
תͷޱδкβ֮ɫ
ֽӦԵ
ԣޱϸеĺֽ𰣬ͬǰĺȵҪ¶ˡ
˵
ޱڰ֣Ҫʲôˣɡ
С˴ϲм㣬صĿͷ
л£л
ֱС˿Լͬĸ
ʱͥԺϿٴƮʽֽ𰡣оö죬ͻƣ׼óϲ
£Ҳȥ
˵ţǣޱ֣ܳˮ鿡
㡭
ޱܾѾԺС
Ժϼ뿴
һֻֽ𰣬ԽɫߣΪףΪĿ
ֻз˲Ů
˵һѽޱ˺ֽŵָԶڶֽ𰵱УͬȺ
ûãޱƣŵֱۣ٣ؿ
ȥЪ
񰵵Լ⣬Ůźã˼ȥ
ޱҡҡͷ°Ȼۡ
Ŀ͵ƣͼɫ󣬶ͷǳһ㱡ȴֹסȥá
ٳƬ̣Լʵƣ룬ޱŰύ£תʱŵһȻ㵹
ҵõĿ죬һѽ§סζƣ
û°ɣ
ޱӦ΢ȣæѡ
ް
ﲻף˶ʱͷͣŵ鸡ҸղһӸˡ
ܼҵһͨ԰Ȼ޴档
˾õܱιТ棬ȡ֮ڸ׹֮尲³ʱǰʵ۵ɶ˾ȫȨ졣
ʷ춼˾Χֶ֪֮ˡ
μ£
ʷ֮óʥ͡
£Ī֡
˵ţҫķʩˣѣ
š
ƮƮ֣ڳ˸ж
ޱⲽǰʷô硣ĸۡǶ˵Ѿѵģ
ʥ͡
ʷְڵϣĪҪּ񣿡
ޱЦĸҰֻǶ˾׽Ӱյһ·ţҪն˾Ѳ֤ݣֵΣ
ʷǶ׹һŲɣġ
Ѳƾ´á
ãѲΤ˵ͷ˼š
԰գޱת̤鿵ʯף
ѣ
ʷһ£룬·ӵңһ䶼Ź
˾ֵĹĻ̻̣ѾСǶվԺУ׵üҴ
ڹΪ衣
ʷ̫ӵˣĻʹȴС赶ɱˣһʯ
ۼ˾蹷Ƶĺֱײޱ۵׻ް
ĿڣӦˡ
ԣûס̫Ѩͻͻֱ



37 
˾ѹ׳, δѰܱԵ׹֮ʷȴţֻһδѡ
µǰǳ, ǵԷ, Ǹҡ
¡
ޱ̩Ȼ, ѡ
ܼҶ, ׷˺
ʷһ, ϸѣõ֮ܲԩ
ǣ
ޱ, ſϷֳԽ󣬺ϷԽʡ
Ľȥ, ͷĳ
ˣûҵ֮
ʷɫ΢, ᣿
ͬʱ, ޱȻεɲõС
£
, ˲˱Էܡ
кڣ
⣡
ҩ䣬Ⱥ, һƵĳȥ
Žյɲ, ˶֮, 
ǰƬ, ͷ˫֡ѹͽԷģôһת۾ͱиϳˣ
ۼ̬תֱ£ʷѰ˸, ߡ
š

ţʼٸ߾ܣŶûС
Τ, δǵȵˣȥ
ʷԭ֤ûҵʵòһͷ
Ҫ¡
ԣ΢΢һЦ°ΣвΤ븴һʱ̡
ھҪء
ʷмܿ¶
ǰһסԷȥ·
Ƕ˵˵߾ߵģһ̲ѣ˭뿪
˫ţáֹʷ⣬ܼͨҶ̾ˡƽﵨСΪͣ
⹦ų
ʷѯʵôˣ
ֻг̾һҡҡͷ
Сˡ
񣺡
ˣŮһʯ֮ƣһܰѼУö˾Բ˶ߣŮ
һ¡˽С
е£Ǳ˴֪Ҳֻ׸Եɡ
Ǻܼͨһزݺᡣ
ūûչ˺õ£
ôһѾСҲŹһƬΪʹʧС¡ˡ
̬ʷʼδԭΪǳȥιĺʱ뾹Լȥ
һţڣæغ÷ţ˳ȥڼ䡣
£ˡ
ޱö˶˵ϣɫõĺܡ
䡣
񲻺˼ЦЦݼһ򲻺á£Ҫô죿
ô졣
ޱţ
ֻ£ץڹ
ԼһѣûЦݽϡ
˵ץڹڹ
ȥû˱ˡٲޣûʹ֮ʧܣͬʱ϶˾ˮ
ҪץڹҲưոݡ˴εѡ񱣻ŮȴԼϷ˼⡣
ܱ֮޹ʵ۵ŭȫ˾ͷϣټϹСﲢ̫һΪʷ˧Ƶͬеĸʷϡոʷչ٣ʷֻ£ٺһ꣬Чȡ
ʵΪޱҩģ
ޱˣЦССݡ
Ƕ
ܼ󣬵ȴʾ¡
Ȼҩ֮˼ʣҩıǺõġ
ޱңŵ̾Ϣһ°ɡ
ǡ
ܼ뿪ʱ뵗棬칧ʩ

Ե˵ͷԶˣפס
ôܼҶ̬Ȳ̫һˣ
ʱգһٲƷʹޱɫ󣬵ͷٻе֢
ޱһƼĲ¶
ǲ
ݥ
Цƣ̲ġ
ޱźۼŲֲС
ܵ˵ˣ¶Ϊ¡ǰ׿޲ǣ
˵ţʢһζŨļ
ιºȣ
ȡ
ޱͷƫһԡ
ٺˣԽȻԽ
ô죿˵Ļе˷ѡ
̾ϧˡ
ޱ۲ת䣬һͷ

գգۣǰĹ··˲任˸ƵģЦӯӯĺȥ·𹴻ǵȡ
˹ƻ󣬽Ųһ̲ͣĿֱϡ
ޱ̧ḧգˮ
ԣǲǱ˵ʲô㶼
ͷ˼䡣
ƾ·Ը
ޱЦˣţӹ룬ι
졣
ſ죬ڣ㡣
Ǻѡž̲
עڼϣιˡ
ޱƺѰµȤƾ۸á
ףС˵ģëĿֱĶޱϡ
βͣʱҡ
ϵͳͻȻðСıˮ
񣺡
ϵͳǵϢ˰ûŮˡ
񣺡㲻Ȥ˻˵
ϵͳ
ޱ鲻˿ôǡŲͼԼһޱ֡
鲻ԽץϹ֣ԷȴǱƵģȥ˿͵ĽӲؽװ·
¾еȣ
ţǸо¶ߡ
ޱڵĿ𴦣е㡣
ȥ˼ӱ
ּܼҴ۷
£ѾѲԺȴӶ᷿ʼ
Ĭٱ顰ûµġ
ѾˣҲ鲻ϡֹסСģ顣
ޱؽӦ
·ģūס
ǰˣǹԻġ񶼲˾ͻȻѣƱΪӦϣѡ֤ݡ͵͵빫ˡ
ޱ׼û뵽֤ݡɡڹ̫ûҵ᣿˰а
ݣȴڶᡣϾǰڶ᷿סԸûʲô¶ݵ
ܽţ
һĮȴձ
ûаôء
ô
ޱӰΣĵű
Ȼתͷ˫ľ߶
˰ļһ̾ͻƵġ
ȣԼһ㡣
񣬱ȫ㣬ǲǣ
ޱеҪõһ𰸡
л˾ǵ񣬿ɴ֪ôܣй¶ֲ֣
һʱ䣬Ըۡ
ش𱾹
ʱɫ¿ȫҡ
õҪĴ𰸣ޱĪࡣ
Ҫñʧ
ֵĺ뱳ѣŮȱȫУöѲ⡣
һ֣ŵ۷ʲôҾԲᱳѵ¡
ʱץӦ



38 
ţץˣ
, ץ˭ˣ
˼ת䡣
Ѳ鶫᷿ʱĻһα˵, Σ, ǻҧ, ҧһ, ䷿䴲²мƬҶ, 滭Ųͼơ
ԭûӡ, ڻеڻңӵС
ʾ, μɣҶϵͼƺܿǶԽӰ, ΪӦѺϼʡ
ޱӦһ, Ͱ˵ȥ

˭ϸǰתĿˡ
ɿ, 첻ң
תʲôأ
ޱڴͷ֧Ĵ
ЦЦ, ûʲô, ºöϢ, ɡ
, ޱѾЩӴŲŲˣûԺһô뿪Է
˱
˵, ޱۿҪ´
æס, Ϸȫף߶ġ
ŮͬС죬˳ë塣
֪ڷкġ
ⲻǻҶ¿𡣡
ޱһۣˣС
˵ģñģҪ㡣
һתгЦҰɡ
Һ׼
ֻóһƵֽƬÿֽƬ϶д֣УŴ˳ޱмѡһš
ʲô
¿һš
ߴٵ
ȻҪʲôޱѡһֽƬΪ
Լ֪ͺãøҿ
أħԹöˣûʧֹ
ڵ¿԰ֽƬŻˡ
ţ´˳ϴƵġֽƬ֮ޱ棬ѡһֽƬ
¸ղѡеľš
ֽƬǸ
ޱü΢㻹ħ
𽾰ԴϣǣһĿɶˡ
νն಻ѹڹѧʱ򣬷͵ڻæȥ糡ѧļܶеӡ
Сˡ
ޱʧЦһﱻһ䣬β̵ȥ
գ񶼲µޱƶÿÿǰԼЦᣬѾǶԺƬٽȥ
ʱˣ²Ŵ˽š
ޱֻɨһۣûθڡ
ǲǼ
׵ص£Ź
ޱ˿ûж˼䴽ЦԸ׼˱ġ
ǲѾߣʳеײ򿪣̲ĸǿθĿɿСˡ
Ź
ëԼҺȣҪ塣
ޱĵͷһ۶
½ɫˡ
ЦƣЦҲǰ಻١
ԣޱ϶һ٣
ʱЦˣ
ū
һԣȥһŹ
ʲô¹ˣҵЦ
˵ţ͵͵ʹɫ
Ůİ裬ػֻҪŮܸˣʲô
⣬ԶԶԣūˣЦݼ࣬һΪ尲ˡ
ҹȵޱ˯£Żȥ䡣ҹ˾֮ʱӰҲ֮ù¼ţһյƣ۴ǰӰ涡
˼ƽ˾ӣ֪ЩǱǰưոݵģ֪ʲôʱͻӱһôҲǸ¶һʱ㲻һ
˼֮ʣ⴫Ϥ춯ӣ񻨴ӳԲӰӡ
Ѹٴ򿪴ӣȻŸ룬ֽдһС֣ǰԷ
أû֮ǰһ̸Լԥˡ
ȥǷܻŻȥɱ
֪˴βٺŪջǾһѡһס汣ƽ⣬๶һ
Ʊ£첻ǳµĳûӳգֵİɭ̡СС
ŴӹɻأҪ̫ˡ
²μү
λжŲյϸϸƷζͷҲ̧ǡ
ãǲŲһˣյصķڼϣһ졣
ôĵӣ
ʦü֮価ŭ⡣
״æ״
֪пԵġ
Ŷ
ѹŭζпԣǺοԣ
ԣ̾һ׳ѡ
ү֪ѾʼˡʵûлүӦý۹ųԶܸõΪүЧ¾ʹ˰¶үԺҪһù۵˾͸ˡ
־䣬СȾգߣǡôᡣˡСԼˡ
ν⣬ܡ
һ񣬡¾Υӳ鰡ү
԰գúţʮѹ֣˴
񾲾ȴȨ⡣ܺŪȥ˫ϸܣͬޡ
꣬ȻÿһƺС
Ųͣˣ׽ѥߵС
ЦһһΡ
ˣ
ϲ⣬æл
ɾڴʱͻȻͳһذףѸײڶ֮ƴ񡣺з׹⣬ֱֱе֮ϣʱѪע
⧲һͫȻ㲻ܿƵ׹ȥ
̬Ȼġ
ϥڵϣǿ֧ס壬ɫ԰ֽͷðһ亹Ѫ˳ֱʣȾ䣬ָ첻ϵĵ䵽ϡ
ϵͳźôҰ
ޱջذףӸµĿӲݽϡ
Сʹ룬һξûôˡǸˣЩ᲻áһλᣬȥŶɡ
Ҫڲͬͻˡ
ס
һ·ײײԼ֪ôصġҧסһ˿ǣ˿ڣѪ˼ɾ·
磬ĵϣ㡣
ϵͳû°ɣ
ϵͳѰ
۾ˣûء
ϵͳˣһΪҪδԽˡ
񣺡һû£㵹ˡ
ϵͳ˵ʲôʶģҲ
գǱѵġ
֧һСǣ˴۵졣
š
ߺ֣´Ѿ̷ϴ¡
Ѿ߶ˣص䴫
˯Ŀµء
½ǰʱʱûЦ⣬Ȳѡ
岻ɫô
ʶգ𣿿ҹû˯á£ͷߵ£ҽûθڣͲˡ
䣬ޱȻ߳Ƽ⸱ģʱɫ



39 
ûվ, ֪ԼĲ״Ϊصĺܺá
ֻɫԳ̬Ĳ԰ף˫ҲûʲôѪɫ, ټϱ͵, ˿ȥʱпܵ¡
ޱü, ô£
˯ǰúõ, ôһϾͱ⸱ӣ
ûʲô, ûϢá
, ôɡ
ޱȻǲţǰ, Բ鿴
ʶ㿪û¡
ԽǶ, ޱԽ, ĿĶ
ô£㲻˵ơ
ã
ѿڶ
ҽտ, Լٷְ¶ڶ
⹦ޱᵽһѪ, ٿͷȻ졣
ˣ˭ɵģ
ʵס, ֻڳ, , СҳתһȦ۸С, 򱧲ƽţȻСİһ
ԴԽԽ, ޱӣ¶ԷԼѣܲܽԼҹܳȥ
һֱŵ£ΪѾ׵û뵽˿ѿˡ
ġ
ԣȻ̧ͷȴûӦ
ʲô
ޱɫ纮˪ʵġ
ϵͳһŮڻֵٷ֮ʮģ
ò׽ĺڻֵ
ĪҪӣֵġˡ˶ˣҲǵ˭˭
ʾ֭Ҳһƹ㳶ƽˡ˵ⲻûʲô𡭡⣬ԣ⡣
ãޱǲ׷ףɫȴɱ䡣
ơ
һԡ
ĲãԼҩͺˡ
ޱÿɷ񣬺ס³ͬʱæ£ס½˽ֲ£á
ô˼·أ
¡ɡ
϶һĨΣԵòôˡ
ޱ֣ͬʲôɣ
ץ·ΪŮܲף
ȻޱһףƫҪѲ鿴ơ
оУǸӵģǱǿġҸС
£Ҫ
Сѡ
ޱ֣ͬŶɫͨ죬Ϣȡ
ȥҩ
ǡ
³ţֵйһˡ
Ҳ
ִֵ
㣡
ޱһƽ͵ѯʣΪʲôϿУ
һˣʼˣ
ˣһ伲ҽ
㡭
ޱһ˫Ŀŭɳˡ
Уɲ㡣
һĽһ֮
½ң
Цò
ϣޱ˲룬ɫܲȻ
˭ţ´ȥΪ˷򡣡
ţĻڼ䡣
ˣ㡣
Уϳϡ
óѵЦЦ֪йˡ
գ·ȥѰЩֹѪʹҩһӦȫ
ˮתԴޱȳҩʱûȣʧѪ࣬Ҫ
ҩʱޱȫԼκ˰æֵڷҩޱȴҪԶ£ȻһܿΪ¿͵ϡ
* ҩװ
ݵһ۾ŹºЦٿڵҩʱЦʧ
ޱ齱ߣ㡣
Ŷ
鲻Ը˹ҩ룬żζ¡
ôñιȣ
ԭһ٩ɵˡգźڰ׷Ĵ۾ڴ
𣿡
ޱĪԼ˽ȥֵĵһۣǽӹҩ롣
Թ죬ÿһҩ˷ָɿιҩˣ־ٿҲ̡
ֱĶ˼ңֱ֪ﱻһ黨ǣĿԶڶԷϡ
һ̣ǰȻڡ
ޱ̧ס۾ж
ͷҡͷֻ֪ɵ֣Ǳɵˡ
һգһգģëޱģͬëġ
ޱƶʵⲻסˣòɿ
úϢЩеûġ
һãȻʲôˣ
㡭ʲôϲģ
ޱȥûɵʵ
䴽黰ϲ¡
ޱȻͷЦӯӯӣƺǱˡ
ޱָƽ˵ʲôϲѰƶ˵ãɲħ
ͷ˼
ֻҪ¾Ϳˣһ㶼ġ
ı׻ޱһ۵
컬ࡣ˵˵Ļɾûˡ
һʱ䣬벻˵ʵ˼ֲš
ȽϿɰĶɡ
ɰġ
ޱĬţ˼
ڻشû뵽ļˡչޱ˰ǼɰĶ͵ǰ
Сһ棬۵ɴۣһֻëţ۾ġ
С
Ҳ̫ɰˡ
Сèһ
ޱͷдšҾ֪ϲ顣
СèԼ£
ޱƼֱԣȥͦϲ㡣
Ҳá
ֽè̽Ǳֻӡ
ʲô֣
δȡ
ޱźëţȡһ
˼ڤ룬ͽСڰɡ
ޱһ֡
ˣ
СèԴϣͽӡ
ȻҲûõȥСн
ޱûĬˡ
Դӣ춼Χתǵģеæµ
ϵͳ飺èͲˣ
ԳڵèūϲУèè㡣˵ˣèɰ
ϵͳʧǰɡ
񣺡ô籾ˡ
ϵͳ˵£Ǳô죿
ԺԴӰһ뿪˲١
ô죿ˮڡ
鷿Уޱ鿴ź̧ͷʱĺɫĺϡ
ʱ̫죬ǵŹû
ĳһֱǰƣͻȻڣЩϰߡ
£أ
ڣ£ɢ
ԣޱüǵã죬Ҳô˵ġ
ǵģ£֮Ӱ룬Ҫߡ
һһʮιʳҪιҪһɢһЩС
ֲüӰԭǡ
ޱˣҪɢ
ڳιĳ͵Ĵ˸硣

ͷһƣͼڰ߷Ĺ㣬ϧȶֻ̣ܹĽһʱ֪˭˭
ѽ
ӱԴ㡣
èԵ𣿾ȥ
⹦˽ŲѭңޱѾǴӵţ
¡
ϲӭȥҲɢ
գ۵Ĺ˼
أ
ϸѾ±ˡ
ޱ´ǲá
δʱտ



40 
иȫϺҩ, Ч졣ټÿٲƷ˿ˣ̺δ
ҵѾ, µġ
۰Ͱ, ҲĻһʱ, , еӰӾĸŮȷ˼
ޱ, èȥúϢ
ǡ
ת, Ų죬˱ǣ
Ѿ뿪Ұ, ջĿ⣬ί, ¡
ޱָԺ, ΢΢һЦ
ȥЪš
Ŷ
ʵʵţδǰ߶, ÿֻܺһʱ
ȥҪˡ
Ժ䣬·΢è, һ̫ӶĻþ˭֪, ʱ, ֵͻȻһë޵Ķ
͵, ԭǻþڲġ
ôܻģ
è䱧СԴ, Сè°ͣ֡
ǰͺĽè, ϧѧס᲻㣬ֻĽķݶ
һô죿
ӣӡ
ԴȣԲԲԴԼĴ
ĵһƬٴΰ§ࡣ
ˣȹ˵
ʱһɧҡ´Ѿ԰ѰӣСè֡
è£ûȥˡ
Ӳ˼齱һ

꣬ޱŶ룬һһèײš
ʱ·˲侲ֹ
ȷӦ֤ס
ұģԼҵġ
ޱüĽͱɡ
¡
ūڣ
¼ҴҸʱһ
ԭⰡСڣɽҺҡ
һαˣŲĿͺԶֱŽգߡ
ޱǰζĶ
ģ飿
Ů͸ģߣèûط˵ȥ
ɺãһǸԱ¡
ޱһΪˡ
ᡭ
ץס˼䣬קһ£ЦЩǷ
²ǳһֻèĴװɣ
˵˵
ޱʸڷϣ
ԱҲˡ
̾ˣҪżģ¿𣿡
ޱŤȥһѽӳ
ȥ鷿ϴţ鱾ϰ֡
õҪĴ𰸣һĨǳЦ
á
˵ķһ̶ͣ¡ܿ죬һ׮Ϣʱƽ
ޱ˽ԷԵׯΪף̶꣬ԵѾΪĳׯӯԴԴϵ֧ޱ
񣬳ׯˣҳƴĲЩﲻٹ壬С
ѳׯ½²졣
ޱԶԣڽ᰸

գ۵Ĺ򣬷Ͳˡ
ԭ˯ɼ佫˸šģ˫ۣ˶ˡ
׮֪ĹڲֽţԼ棬ܻׯжϹĲԴȪ
ޱƫͷʲô
ѵи֪飬Ħȭƣת˲֮侲
ĿǰֱӳԸķʧ
ˣ
һתͷ
£ĺˡ
ޱͷȴġ
븮֡
Цӯӯ۾գգ
뼸ѵһۣòã
ѣ
ޱͣƬ̣ʶ·ΪңԶô꣬˵أûѣ
߽ѽѣѾԻ⣿
ԶʼޱҲ˭븮Сۣʱͽṧء
գޱͬˣһ˶ٰ죬˭˭
ץסᣬĴ඼ǹĸҪǰѴ⣬һˡ
ϯãݻ򵥼ƲˣԼˣڡ
ͬޱλǹ󲡳Ҫմմϲ
ֱ߽ŵ֮Ůǵϵġ
ԭ͹޽һҲˡңΪĹ٣Ψһ佫֮ţĸףУĸʱҲһŮ
ܵõ룬ңȸ˴˱
˵ţٱơ
ޱ䴽ǳЦ˽Сѯʣôˣ
ͬҧ䣬Ҽ̸Ӧͬ·ˡ
Ժ˵ҲܳΪ֮·ϵұۡ
ޱÿɷȷʵӣû뵽̽˼
ϯ䣬ǰ׳ڱֳޡ
ƹѲѾͷȴͷϣһѾƣɫģӣɼһ㡣
û뵽ܺȡ
һŮƹ
Ů£
˵ָ꣬һ
ĬĬѣͷβδմһξơȻһޱ£ֵľѾôȥ
˲źãȥţ
ͷԲˣҲûкȡ
˱ȵϯڼɽʯѰ˰Ĵ䡣
ԭ⡣
æʩ

΢΢ף˲ض񣬴ΪЧͿ๦ߣӦҶлˡ
Ҿӹ
ѹˣ⣬մΪׯһͣҲΪ·ǣ֪нչ
ԳɣԥŻصչ󡣡
֪˿вУ
һӾˣа̬

ܹԼ棬ģֻйпܻ¡˲鿴

ɵ֪
ҶΪ·ǡ
ЦĿͬ;ͬ顣ֻҪǵãҲẦ¾Ϳˡ
̫ҲǸһͨ
ٶԣѸٷáʱž빫٩٩̸˵ǰѾԻһƹһƹ
¡
æ¾ѣˣɶ
ޱڨڨջ֣⻰ȷʵ˵
δСüС
ÿһƹôΪԼҽڵġ
ѾƺԶعߣСֹ̰ˣвѧϰ
Ȼᡣ
ȵϢߣëޱɫȻĶͬ롣
ûأȥˣôòŻ
Ůǻȷˡ
ЦҳԶˣȥ͸͸ʳ
ЦǺÿ˫ݣ紺㡣
ޱĺˣȻΪλǰ̲֮סȥЦԶԼ
ԭǵŶԷٶɣû뵽ȴǹ



41 
ޱ, ˫룬ӯˮ飬ָỺĸ, ϸϸĦ, 
˷, һҶ, ĺ˶
ޱϸ, ȵġ𽥳Уƫͷȥ˼, ͬСè˳ë
֪ģ·ʲôħ, ù˰֡
Σ񲻵ò, £
ȥ, Ҫˡ
ޱȻ, ӲƬ̺Ѹ֣ƫƫҪװ򶨡
ԽǻرܣŵָԽޱ޿ɱ, ֡һ˲侹ô˺ܺÿ, ܿɰ
ȻȾ¡
, 㻹𣿡
ǹеѯʡ
޷
ޱȻ, ֪Ը̨ϳϷҲһۡ
ĥ죬Ҫ, ֱޱͬ͸Ķ䡣
ԭҵǲ˼ˡ
֮ޣڵվͽ˰, ˰참ճִ̣ٳׯʧνǽԴϲ
һֵܣڹԴγã졣жĲϴϺòϣۿŵٴŷԵׯۣʹϵķԵݬ롣
Щܺ߾ٵĲϣ·󣬶ʹز
Ƕֵܱù鰸󣬶йϲ䣬ԼһʱϣĻʹаɴ˸һ䣬ʽ᰸
ޱڣ˽ǰ΢̧䡣
ǰջ˵ûͷôͻƵģ
䴹Ŀԥһʱδܴϡ
ͬʱװģֽġֻһƲȫ˼˵̸ϣʱʱĶһ£Ļش
һﲻܰ˰ɣ
ޱüͷ֮
£ǳյһš
̧ͷʱѾ˺ߵ׼ֻĿбӣϵʾҪĿ̽У½֦һʱջţȥ̽飬Ч
Ŷ
ޱ֧򢣬˼
˵иָ㣿
ǣԡ
˵ţ乧ʩ񣬽ͷȥסðĺ顣
ޱ˼ǵ׺ʱһٶİ֪Ǻ⡣
䣬ޱԾΪǸΣķֻͬܺٹ죬ڲ֪ݣδ֪Ĳµġ
⹦²裬Ҳ̵ţһӣֻƵĹµֱײȶ

̲סЦϽӱ顣
̫Сȶ̣ܼܰԼ
ѽܣСˤš
ӷڻƵĵ˵ߡ
ԺöȻҪͺˡ
ޱӣӱߣɵĲˣȴҲΪܰ
һһèŲײЦ⡣
£
ͻȻܵޱߣӵǰ
ڲè䣬ԲԴϣһ˫Ĵ۾źһ峺޴
ޱһ£̧èԴϣë
Ȼָв
ͷһӣƺҲϲķ
㿴ϲ㡣
֪ôϲһҲϲߣè
ӽޱǶӴϤ˴ˡ
ǲǺܿɰ
ޱȫעĶСһ֣ۼ﷭̱è
״ѽ㿴²˵ôһ
Сèϴ£èߺ漴úõһѡ
š
̫ˣֹǽڷϸ޳ϸ԰𪡣
ޱţֺƯÿһ綼ǡôݵָ׶ǳԲġ
ȵȣһֺòÿԼʲôϵ
ޱѸٱߣĪͷϳԺ
һӭתϰϰ԰л
ҽȾʯ̾͵Сۣһ·ͥŹƮ㡣
鷿ǰޱһϮϰƶȹϴžɴƽһ˿䣬¹ӡ
ִʴϸ壬żеľɫҶ£һŻʰҶԭӦȹѣ֮ȴģ
ޱüԽԽƿأʼȻͣ٣īֱӻһټ֮ˣﻹǵأǸ
̰ѻֽһţֽƬ̣϶ֽţһǵģ
ô᣿
ޱֱ̱ʣƽ
غ͵񶼷ֲ
˫Ժֵ︡ȫǵӰӣǸϢûΡļһȴҲɡƽ⡢ᶺĵˡ
ޱ͵ӣûƽ˵ӷˡΪʲôĶǵں
ʱţŲʳţֻ任һī꼻խۣƴ԰췢ԵĶš
£ļ㣬
˵ţʳ̷£һһڷ롣
𻨸⡢Ӹ⡢⡢ɽҩ⣬ɫ̾Сɡɫζȫ޲ʳָ󶯡
ʱڹ𻨿ĺãҲóԣһ÷ţǵϲζ
ԹԵĽܣȫûзޱԼ
β̧ͷȥȴԷɫŹ֡
£ж𣿡
˵Ļޱһֶûȥʼնڷŵķ겻С
Լ֪ΪζҲΪżȻԼԽԽϰߵĴˡ֪ģѾռҪλã޴ڣ֮ı仯еʲôʧˡ
ޱԸԼΪǰ֮˷գɫȥ
֪ˣ±°ɡ
ãȻƬ̣ϸ깫ɫǲˣԼɶҲûɰ
صֽţĪĻ飬ѵʲôˣ
˼⣬ֻ뿪
ʱ򣬲ŸɣǱԭ֮
鷿ٴžޱղѣΪ˷յĸоһ㶼á
Ƴϵĸ㣬ǹ͵ĵġ
ޱһ⣬һСڡ
Ȼ
ۺţζŨ㣬ȴ塣
Դ˵ĿζҲԽԽˡ
뿪֮صº͹ܼҴϵǣλµĸȻ֪顣
˵黹ͦõģ
µͷ޲ס
ˡ
˼ѲɹΪ鲻õģ
ԼΪԩ
л¹
תߣһٶȴµ
ǵ²𣿡
Ϊ˲ĵĳĵȰ⣬֮ൣ
ᣬæͣĻΪ·ҷ֮¡ʵ˵Ҳ֪ΪͻȻ鲻ѡ

ºȻʲôϲüңվǵҲɳô˻֡
̾ǰл¹ѡ
׼ˣʱҪһϲ



42 
, Ƶ빫ײβܼҶ١
æ׼, ̺괩, ıȹ, ˯ıȹ, ˼档
ǰƵͻȻӰ, ޱҲòϰߡ
, 鷿ڵƻ̴ͨ¸², ̴ζһҡ
ޱ鼮, ȫע, ʵһֶûȥŵµҶҲ°
ǼһҲ֪æЩʲô, 첻Ӱ
üչ豭˰, βδմ, ַŻȥԭ, Ե
¿ǲ
²Թɫ
ޱ̧, ޱ飬ȴŭ
أ
ص£ˡ
ǳ, ÿʵõͬĴ𰸣ˡ
ޱ˲ɫ, ȥδ
µͷСصū澲֪
ԣޱߡ
õĺܣԽԽϢˣ첻ˣٶʼܡѲǰյ£ˣ
ӡδйԹԣ˳ǷӦú䣿ɺ´Ӳ˼Χ֮ڡ
˼ңޱܲϲʧظУһѺᣬ˰Ѱ˵Ҫ
죬ֹõūѰȥˣԲδҵ
ޱơ
ͳͳǷ޸֮ס
²̧ͷ۹۱ǣǹģ޲øϽҸطӡ
ڵʱˡ⣬ǲˡ
ǰԸ̣û뵽һС˵ˣæս͡
ޱһۣ˵ʲô
ҡͷʸڷϣûʲôūʲôû˵
Ǽһȥģʲôϵ
ޱţ´鼮Ĳɵķġ
統գż챻̤ƽˡд󳼼Ҿǰֺſгһţ鳤䣬󵽵ıͲò߼
ܼڴſӭЦӡҪ֣һһ̵⡣
峿ʼ¶æµ¸ʳԼ븮յ輧æĽŲմء
˵ŮùϵͣϵҪȥδСʵʹ͵ϵģ̫Ӻĺ
ϯ̨ϣϷ̨ǵͷһε̨߶ȿȳ¥ɽ¾۵ס
£
ƫͷĿ֮ʱȴֻһˡ
յޱһѣĶˣĲɷܵľɫ·˲ȻʧɫΪġ
ޱת䣬֮⡣
ղˣ
񣺡
ԭˡ
ĪգʵΪ׼˾ϲ
գŴ۾صϯٸ¿
ޱʣȴ֮ûʽʼƼֱ֡ŷȹ輧Ϥǳֳȣһ¡
ϯ䣬ƱյЦӭò֡ޱ˾ƣʱûĳˡ
ƹѲͻȻסޱھٱ֣ͬҡҡͷ
ˣ
ʱ
ޱȻݸһЦһ˿ѣȴԼȣǵݵĴߡ
ʤ汾
˼Ҷιˣʵ޷ܾޱơ
ľµæסޱ˼Ҷġ
£ٺˣҶҪˡ
ϸҲչһƹɡ
ȵϢϣޱ㣬ϸֿɵĺΡ
ȡͲȡ
æ˺άűƽˡ
ȴ޲׳˵ˣǰ˼Ҽϯ䡣
£Ϊʲôң
ޱĿǰ͸졣
ʵ㡣
* ЦԴκģӷᡣ
ﲻʵܹԡµĶΪ죿
졣
ޱ߳ŭ
ԲԼһļһʧ˷ִ硣
ĻЦ·޹أޱʼĿбӣδһۣϧߵ̫ȣԺӡ
¹輿̨裬ñĿתΨеƫͷŹװֱޱĲգоƲ̬֮
ֱ׳ŻعĹϯѹ롣
ޱæšϷļȶûüڡ
¾Щʲô
ԣޱȻͷʲô
üۣ氡Ӧϯǰϵġ
ޱ££ԭ⡣
ר˵ȵϯϣ¿Ҫǵóԡ
˼֣ޱҲ³š
˵ľϲ棿
ֹ
ӣǲϽ
׼ϯΪһһ
̨˳ǧ֡ڱ޲ڡɵȴţȥ
ޱϷ̨ÿĻȣѹѹȥ
һʱ䣬ϣ֪ﵽʲô
ҹɫɺϷ̨ɢϯڽָ
ޱУԼĪһյʱ䡣٣ڵĳ档
ʢһС룬ӲϣԢųꡣ
³ȳԡ
ĳ棬ޱԵĳһڡһΣ൱ӣѵʢһ붼ˡ
ζͬص͵͵Լʮơ
ޱ⻳۲΢¶Ƭ顣
ڶ
ȡһ̴ľУСɾ£װεġ
Ȼһ֬Ө͸ĳɫǶͼƣֵø
´ӲȱΣһһء
óһֻӣޱϣԷûоܾһֻ
ϸס
ޱϸƣ͵͵æôãΪ
бġ
ħƵģٶȡרϰĴ̵ѡ
ǰͶȤûǮѧ٣һ򵥵ĵѧҲΨһϤ
ޱǰһˣϰգõһΡ
ֹޱ⣬ſڵĹܼҺ¶ˡ
ڼɡ
ޱңͬࡣʱٵѽڣศɡ
ܼҺ¶ֱͣЪ
ѣǰ
Ūˣ²Ҫ
ޱûԳڷű˴˵ĬУͷһκྐྵϡǰ֮˿޲ţȴÿÿȡ
£
ȲԽԽ¾Σ
⹦ĬĬ˹غ÷ţܼղ
£
ޱ͵ĻǰһŷŴĿա



43 
ڼž, ˴˵ĺɴ翣㸡Ŀ, ·˲¡
ޱ, ˫Ⱦ, ԽԽ֡
, Ʋס, һƿ񣬱ͷȥ, װ
Ϊһûõ, ƿˣί
ѵҴĲ𣿡
ޱ, û, ĺܺá
һȼϣ, ۰Ͱ͵š
ǡϲ͵𣿡
ǵ谵æڡδޱ쳣ŶԷĳޡ
, ͵Ϊشʱ, ͵Է³֡
ϲ
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
ڹȥ, һΪڻֵĽͶĲ, ȻнʣٻӰﻹ˵Ϻڻֵ
飬, ϳʮֲȾ˷纮
ΧűϿԲֹ, 齱߰ϻſҩ롣
岻аͲ
һ߸һͷͣ˯ʱƫֱԴϡ˯Ҳ˯ţҲѲˡ
ûգظðҲ൱ĥˡ
ؿȣҪѷοȳʱޱˡ

ԣ
Դҡ˹ģԡ
Ҿͻˡȿȡ
ޱšüԶԣı֤Ȼ˵
ɲ㡣
£
æǰһץסԷ䡣
ĲãҡҺ¿С
ԣޱüͷԽԽκ£
һתʼ죬ԼСʱ򱻽пƭɥʶӰ
ǽƭӣֲǡ
ͷ߬˼Ӳţ󣬡¡Ұɡ
˶ãޱ̾һ㡣
л¡
ЦЦɿԷ㵹ϒǴ׸Ҫ
ޱ⸱ӣȥԸ˰ʱҩ
ſڵѾ˲ɢæµȥˣΨ»ԭأֹ
Ůָ߷֮ãܿ롣
ޱлֱԡ
ǡ
»ңСūΪ˼ɻУǲʲô
ޱһ£ķ
ūҲ˵ģЩΪáū澻˵ӿԲ
ޱɫһ죬æʲô߰ģرʲô¶ˡ
԰գתȥ졣
˼գಡ齣ӷҩǺ˴룬Ҳָ١
ŲŴһͶ͵ǰޱ鷿ϰ֣ΧűԱڼ䣬ѾСʳ͹ͨͨŵǰ
£
æȻţɶѾ׼ˡЩӣҲ֪ʲôˣÿԸ
һڣ׮߽Ϊ͢Ҷǹ֮ˡһλǴʱհԭǱذĿڡ
ǵ֮ǰмͶιڼУ״һ¥ǷƲֱˡʬս/ޣΨһĹͬǷнԴƵϡ
ޱĹڣü
лɣ
ǰ˫ֳֽֽŲĩŵ㡣
Ǵ߷ҵģáûд˵ϣȥ̽顣
ޱֻŹһ˲֪Եɡ
»á
ҲɣЩ߿Ǳ˲ٿأѡ/ޣԸ
Ļԭ飬иɮˣıʿ֮һĲδϸ˵Ҳˣ̨нܹ
Ҫȥ鿴һأ
һˢˢͷ
ʶԶʧЦҲ
ǾãǱ߲кöɮ˰ҲҲɮģȥ鿴ǾͲĳ
ޱֻɻһ˲㽻
һεľ飬ҲλĿ࿴ҵ
ֻӻʱ뿪Ķ̧ʱͼޱԼ˼
ºι㿴ң
ѵڻ
ޱȴҪǵðɵܡ
ţŮô֪ȥв̽ģ
Ȼ
Ӧţȴ͵Ҫλɮ˵ı£Ȼġ
ޱֱͣ߶¯㡣
Ҳ֪ʲô㣬ζţ̲סһǼˣƤܣͽһ˿ʶ֧š
岻ʣҪϢ
ͬޱĮƴһѣתȥơֻԷ촽һһϵĲ֪˵ʲô
⣬ˡ
Ҳ֧Ųס˯ȥ
⹦ޱȻߵǰӸ˯еˡ
һ㶼ԡ
ú˯ָܻЩ
գѴݡתѣƬ̣Լġ
Ȼһֱ˯תϣ
񣺡ϵͳһ᲻˯ɵ˰
ϵͳģҲɵˡ
񣺡
ϴ֮ѾǶšġıīѾ͸ҲޱӰ
ϲˮ͸ͬ顣
Ƶ﷢ëʲô񣿺˲֢֮Ƶġ
빬ˡǰ½ܳԺ
ʲôôһͱˣ
Ѿ£ԭҲֻյ·Ը
ƿţȻƼԺǰһ
̽Եſ޴ʱ
·Ըˣ߶
Ҿڸ߶ҲУ
̽ߡ
˽ֲ϶á
У£ҲǷ¡
״ҲΪǣת֣ڳ죬ҲѲ١
Ҷʯףȥɳɳ졣Իȥ鷿ţгкҲš
֪˶ãѾʼ˯ˣޱŻصС
£ˡ
֧һվӭȥЦݲãڴ
ˣܲٽɣ
ޱޱһۣúЪţ
Ҷ˯þˡ
ίͰ͵ĵͷΪβҳȥ
ΪΣ
ޱƿֱ鰸
ǲȥУ
ԣ°Ůôģ
ҡҲЩ᰸Ϊ·𡣡
ޱִᣬרжٿ
¡
ȥ󣬡Ҳȥл𣿾ͽҵĽɣòã
˵ţգһ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾޺ͼȡԷ
κޱ˴βϵ˵ûнӲ
⼸գ㲻뿪ߡ
񼱵ֱͷʵͷԣֻʱӡ
Ƕţ԰Ʒޱ࣬νǴ粽롣
･罺ļѻԴ̲ס̾
ҪҲС
ûãǱֳһ׮°ӡ



44 
ݴ¶̽, δۣһ׮Ҫְͨģְλ䲻, ڴƷ, ȴʮ־ˡ
䲻, ѵݽǰԤ֮еմŭ, ¼ư׽Ļ֡
ڳޱǰʱ, ȻµĽչְԳԹСն˿ڹ, ְλӣŶ, ޷ò
Ӱȥ٣¶նز, Ǻ޷, ˶ĵطƵϡ
ã²ͬһΪ
ԽԽ, ҪǮƣְƣͬʱҪЯĳ͢, һá
¡
δ, ͱޱֹˡ
, ޱϵһ˵ʲô
ô, ֡
԰գޱִ˵ƽ, 
´û˵ؾͱ, ʲôʱʼѾ˽
ƶᣬ˼ҲͰͰʹǰȥ˵
ҵĲѾˡ
ҲС
ޱٴһضûС
Ŷ
̾һίĵͷ
ô֪־飬ܳһ
ûһֻӣԲ⣬ƤѲȫйˡ
һͳȥֻ٣Ŀյµļֻӱɪɪ
ҪӳԹ⣡
ǵޱ̧Ƽĳ
ޱҲ֪Լôˣǲõ£ܾûô򵥣ΣأԸաŰ˰Լߣʱʱ̵̿Ķܡ
ĳ˻Ʋ֣ޱŵִ̾˿ôǡ
㿴㣬ˣԸӣŪ춼ǡ
΢㶵ǣɶԷԼĴ꣬ڲʲôϡ䱦
ޱݸЦŸӣˮӯӯרע촽ƻ
Թ
ӲĲУġ
ޱպ弸䣬㽫ͷתΪβ˶ˡ
ûϢĺЦ͸졣
Ц
Чޱʤ׷Դԡ
Цһ仨ûˡ
ϵͳ˼ƾ˷ʤѰ
Ȼ˿Ѿ˲ˣ۶Ƿ绪ι
պٶϱµİչɱιԼְĽΪһˣǴԶɮˡ
ɴ书ǿԲ񡣴׷٣ڲ鵽¡ܽµΨлˣ˵ȲԴ롣
ǽʥϣʥּѲ黤ºջ񣬴½˶
ޱ֪Ϣ󣬵빬Ϊʥ뻤իա߳Ϊ˳µĴڡ
ԭիǲͬеģɵĥӲݣǸһˡ
任װ磬ңûޱµĽչ
£һιԱмУͷһö롣λãӦԼȥģֳͬ
ޱһ£ͷˡ
֮йһ񣬹ǰһұޱһŷ飬һľ㣬Ǳġ
ڰǰд𾭣һʱĶ񲹣ּгǰˡ
˰뱾飬۵Ჱ̧ۣͷһƣ¾ڷǰĿо
ϣ󰡣
ޱ˫ɨһۡ
㲻Ҫ
һƽ￴Ź˳ʵĺܡ
üЦգôܶ˵ǵµȻҪ͵¹ˡ
̫ȻޱĬƬ̣ʵϵҲֵˣ
̫Լҹ룬̫ûаȫУһһε̽飬Ҫȷ˵ġ
ֵá
򵥵֣ޱˡ
æӣĬоģԴ˾
ȴգɵޱߣԤסľ֡
Ϊλң
ޱ߳ŭĵ㵨ԽԽˡ
Ƣԣ֪ʱýʱˡ
ӦŮӸè޶£òˣڣԼҪˣƶƻëˡ
ջ֣ʵʵá
µţջҪ̳ء
Էÿ˲䣬ޱûɵһʧ䡣Щ̰ĵ¶ȣȴʼղԸϡ
ǰիǻԡʾϡ
δ£ޱԡʱϰ˽Ǻңڲࡣ
ſڣ֮һȴ硣
ŸOO@@죬ˮʶ磬ֻӳУٻӰӳͷޱȻˮء
æջߣĬӡ
ϵͳðˣǰȻ֪Լֱ
񣺡֪ˡ
ϵͳʲôҿһ
񣺡ҡ
ϵͳţι㲻ҡ
ܿ죬ϵͳӶʧһûˡ
ˮöϵٻӰʱʱȴֳΡ
ˮڣƵɾ
Ĩ˰Ѷǰĺ飬ȵİˡ
⣬鶨ȪԵĸ£һܵġ
£Ҫȥš
ȵȡ
ޱԵ翡
ûб㲻ȥҲ
񲻵£ձ֪롣
֪˶ãޱԡˡӰ֪Էڸ£ߡ
ɾʱ洫һС
£
ڵһվеʲôˣ
ɻشֻгĬ
鼱֮£嵽֮󣬾ͼޱڵϣ壬ʲô
¡
󾪣Ͻܹȥ
ûУ
ʱޱѱˮ͸ϣչ¶šȴƵģĿʪ˫·һ̾ۿ
㡭ôˣ
ٳٶۣҲޱĲԾ
ճӦûƿϳȥ
ޱûУ٣ȫȫĵӳӰӡ
̫Ծˡ
ɲʱޱȻסĲӣ
£ſңڲѡ
ȻޱȴĻʲôţִĴĥ䡣
ȴӭԷʱ˾һѷ֡
ˣˣ
˵žܾתۼͳʵȥϤĻƱǼ⣬С
һ࣬һ˿ǣٿޱˡ
Ҳ֪ǺʱеģõޱҩԱضˡ
ѵȪУ
⹦ޱٶȻĲӣظŵ´档



45 
Ȼ, ѾסУããһƬ֮·ֻʣǱ˴ˡ
ͷ, ƾᶨ־ֿǰջ
, 㻹֪˭𣿡
ѯʡ
˭֪ޱЦ, üҽȾЦ⡣
񡣡
񡣡
, Լ, ͨͨˡ
ޱ, ʪɢɫ, 룬һȡģ
ǲԥ, ץס´
Ĭ龲, Ȼûã, ˴˵ĺƽ֯ȼմ
Կܵٶޱ´, ⽥Ũ
, ȴһʰǰ͵, ޱѨλϡֻŻ޶ȵ˲˯, ڽⳡ޶־硣
̫ˣ֮˶С
˱ȥ齣, ٰ˼Ҳͷ
˱־룬, øղŷ£᲻һŭ֮µ
Ҵñǣдʡ
ҵĹѽûг֮ΣķݶϣСɡ
ԼĪ˯һʱޱתѡʱһлָȫȻҺۼ
һֱڴϣˣæЦӯӯ꺮ůԽȴԵԽ顣
ޱŶͷģ˯˺óʱ䡣ǰ֮˵ʱȻ䣬϶Ļӿ֡Щĳͷ͵֮䡣
㡭
Ӻףҡ
ޱʶӣֻԼŵ£Ǵпɺۼ
ɫ䣬ݺݵĵ
߹ǽһ˿ָı֤ʲôû
һж˷ʤ
ޱǵһۣҲûġ¶ԭֲõ񣬿һԼġ
ԾָĵҾûµµ˼ʲôûɣ·ûѣ
졣
Ŷ
ʶʱΪܣ죬˵֤˵
ʵԾʵȥһ˼£ȷʵûġ
ޱŤӱĳˣ˫Ȼ͸졣
˻Ȼôͱӣ벻ס
ԡ֮󣬱ʽļ
Ǻܿʰ׵̳ղٲ£ȫԱ䱸ʱĻ֮䵷ҡ
ڸ̨ϣоɮڼ̳࣬淽һо
ιΪףг͢ڸ̨ǰȴΰݡ
롣
ײӳޱĿϸ̨ӹ㣬ŷݡ
󣬽ű˷ֱΰݺޱһ㡣
ȫ̳ͨ裬δʲôɮɵĿ궼ûС
һʱ䣬ǾҪ뿪ˡջԺҪ׷ӷϼѡ
ɫͬޱǰ˻ʱ
ңнʣżжžܣԵøⳳ֡
ʱɮǶ˯ˣԺģһյơ
ƹŷ𣬱Ӱ˫Ƭ̾ģ͵͵ޱ
ɲɣޱͬʱ⧲ײϱ˴ߡ
͵ʲô
٩
ޱŤͷȥ쿴ؾǲ
˭˵㣬ǿǽϵӰӡ
ʧЦ˵ʲôʲô
֮䶸ȻţСòȻ
ãΣ¾ɮ𣿡
£ޱ˲ȥѵûΣյĵطȫġȻڣֻ̫
һֱŲô죿
Ҳڻ´̫ãĽѾõˣһҪʲôڲźã
һ
ޱƶ
ȻĻ֮˵ĿǶԸ⣬ǾѵĻᡣƴһҲ֡
תһ룬ޱ֮⡣
ôˣԸľ̫Ӻ͹ܳһжıʿȻϧ
ҹ֮⣬࣬δ쳣
ɵ䱻ȥЪϢµȴͻȻأţһĨӰȻӹ
ȻۣͼӰڴһѸٳƶ
׷ȥǺӰòıԭ·ߣۡ
һֱ׷Ӱӣֱֺĸ¥ϡ
ͣ½Ų¥֮䡣ĸ߶ȿйժ¥ֹסڶߺХ˵ĶƮ𣬺ܿչ¶䱾Ŀһλ׺ӵɮȥס
۾ҪƵĸ
ıʿ
ɮȤЦ֪ƶ* ɮ
ôͣǸɮˣȻҲȨ˶Ȩ/ʲôʱ򶼲ˡ
Ӧ֪ϸݣʺϻ׽
ϻ˵ץȥģ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һȥɮС
ϵͳܣɶԷ书Ȼ֮ϡ˶δ˵ԷмƾС
ƶɮ֪ոǿ
ڻ࣬񲻹һףȥʹǽŻᣬһĿڣֱɮһ֮Զ
ɮסĿڣŻѪ
ٶǰʱȴѸ˺󣬷ΧڰС
ΪԼۻæ۾ҡԴٶʱǰһĳ档
ɮڿУȴƽȡЦ䣬аƵġ
üͷֻԾһʲôζŨˡ
ǻ㣬ȴֱ治Ǻֻ㡣
׷ȥΧԣ޷߳һ
ãǻ
ϧһѾУ޷԰Ρ
ӣͽˣҲûзա㻹ڵʲôûҪ㣬㻹ʲôģ
ɮƵੲݣӶըˡ
ʲôЦ
ôΪһаɮļ仰ȥ/¥
Ȼһ̣Ŀɮȴʧˣ֮һŮˡһͷںڳü뵗мƣһȹӣ뵗е󽥽غϡ
ӡ
üͷչ裿
ѽӣ
裬Һ㡣
ǰ벽ۿһȣίᡣ
Ů˶ЦţһСʱĸ׵Цա
û˰㣬谮㡣˶Ҫ㣬Ҫ㡣
β죬ֱĶǸŮˣްֻѾ˿ա
ӣѾˣ

ϵͳѣǰˣ
ϵͳƵƵ죬µĵ֪޾ݻӪĳС
ĸʱĸǳܣʱҲĺӡĸ뿪;û˻ᰮˡ
ڳŮ˵ķб벽Ԩ



46 
ҹĻ, С꣬ˮʪԺʯ·
ҹ·ȴһƶ
, Щ, Сˤš
ɡں׷, ޱȹǰ, ܳɡҲ޲
Ƽ¥Ͼ˲, һͣ˲, ͵ĳֱ¥ݶȥ
£
ǽ׷ȥ, ֳСĶ
þеĵһƬ, Ψǰĸɼ
, ӣԺ󲻻зǳ, ˡûʲôֵģ塣
Ů˳֣Цÿ, ϸĺ
, Ѱȥû, û˵ģʧ, 㲻Ĺ𣿡
ϵͳҽУԾɲܻصǡ
ʱ·һ, ͸һֽϤ
סŲ, ͷȴֻյ¥
񣬿Ҫǰˣ
Σգ
ã䣬ڼˣǹں
ֻˣ൱졣
ĸסǰһʱ䣬վԭزö
Ůٴ֣ûҪ㣬㻹ԥʲô
ٳٲǰ֪ξ
ʱҲ
Ҫ㣡صߺ𣿡
Ȼͷԭһ˵¥תӳӰ
ֻǷ׷ڹңޱе
ٲƽ̩Ȼܵļޱģ˫Ⱦ죬ޱɢһ˿͸һ˿¡
£
գգۣƺԼĴ
Ӧޱɿźǳ
ͷԼ£ֻѾգпΧߣۼҪȥ
ʱԼṦ¶ϥһ˵ڵء
ޱǰǰҼһ飬ȷûˣ㳹װġ
ͷûߡ
̫ˡ
һͷԵޱͷ˼ҾѴС
ޱֻ̧סļͷ§οôˣŵ𣿡
ԴԽԽֹͣţõµˣҲá
㻹֪ᵣģ
ޱüͷһ壬̾ˣû¾ͺá
ͬʱɮͼ·£˽֣⽣ӰĲ¡
͵͵̧ۣƼռϷ磬סɮᡣ
ܳƳǵһ֡
ʵڲʱˣǼװĺá
§ס˼ʣסԱѰο
ޱҪƿͷһͨ䡣ΣޱûУı
ϵͳˡô㶼á
֪ĵǸ
Բ𰡣Ҵˡ
ϵͳȻ˵Բ㻹𣿡
Ȼ̬̫ܶá
ϵͳŶˣΪʲôҽŮأ
֧֧᣺𡭡ΪΪ
ϵͳˣɫϵͳ
񣺡
غڽɮ¡һӵϣ廨ýʵʵŤʹš
ޱЯ¥ĵŲ£ͬ˼ʮָۡ
Һղ˵Ҫң
ޱƫͷȥȻˡ
ҲֲԼڻþľ棬ľǼ١һӦʵģ¶̬Ⱥˡ
ڵδ㣬ǰҵĴɡɡ£յʼղֿ
ɮѺµκ䶼ȫ׼ˣΪǿӲͷʲôӶÿ졣룬δ̣ʲôˣıְ͢ϲ䣬ͬʱҧˣΨûľ
һ£ְѪ۽Ҳ˽бҪĲ·
ĥţƹ˼գ˸Ŷ
¸ҪǣԴӻ»Դۡճ˳Ծ˯һϢˡ
ˡ
¶ϲͼԵСʳЦӯӯƷ
ŲĬã̧ͷʱĿ⿴¡
ǲܲܲȣ
Ц·ԸˣܵţҪúòС¿רŷԸģҪǲȣǹһƬ⣿ߣū澺ͳǶҪùġ
ˣҺȡ
æסµĳƪۣΪö徻Щǰһȥˡ
ô˼͵ϻ
߱ҧڣޱպýš
¡
·𿴼ϣֻҪû£Ͳٽ˸ιƷˡ
˭֪ޱ£תͷԸȥţͨͨͽԷ
£û
ѵǲŴ
ޱֻ˾ţȻҪЪϢ
񣺡
ȻԼҵЩС˵
ʱѾǱѷͽԷҲҴȥҲҴңܿ죬ֻʣǶˡ
ڼ䣬ޱвˣܳ
ȷʵһˡ
Ѿܶˣ±ҡ
ģΪޱˡ
ΣޱȻԺ󣬱ʽĶԴ㣬ٺˡ
϶һ٣̧ͷԡ
ʲô˼
ַɵˣޱݸԴϡ
˵ӽǱΨһбˡ񿴴һ㡣
ҹ¥꣬Ҳû취صƷҪΪλҪżʱգԼġ
Ǵ㶵ӣ췴Ӧ
Ǳ
ϵͳϲŮڻֵǰΪٷ֮ʮ
ʲôˣͻȻôࡣ
ϵͳ԰СˡŮȻܶ㶯顣
񣺡ʲôоȻ
첻Ӧޱ̾һĿӡ
ɵӣԲˣһˡ
ʼϲӦøˡ̫ܣµû취Թ̹ϣΡ
󣬵͵ȥ߷ķҶ䡣
񣬾͵뿪磬ʱޱô죿
˺һҶﶪСҵ̽ˮ㡣ţȦȦ
񴩹ߣһ·ĲɣЬ²Ҷɳɳ졣
ŽԺԼżһζѭ鷿ſڡ
Ŷ룬ƼޱڼǰۣζǴɢġ
ڡ
һƿƿ޹ޣ䣬һķĩ
ޱ̧䴽֬
ԣȻ򣬻۶֬ġ
ޱԶ˫Է
㣡ͷһ۵üһΪ㡣
ޱɣóЩϸ
Ͼ֮࣬Ҳ㡣
ɨԷңҲҪҡ
ޱʮרעһᣬû뵽ԷĴӦˡ
գΪ
һ£Ĺƺ˵



47 
֬ƺ, ޱָպȡһ㣬ڱᣬ˫ָĦ, ֬ƿɫ
һֱ֬, 汦
, ޱȻ̧, ʮָü, һӡ
ӡӵ÷Ļ꣬ƽһɫ
ޱͷЦ, ǷʲôȤ¡
ˣ, ȥͭǰաĺӡĪСʱɰͷһƬꡣ
⹦, ڲſһ鷿, ȥű߲ȥ

ͷݸ
, ܡ
ӱߣűϵë񫡣
ʱ, һ, Թ, պȡ֬, Դϻϧ̫ڣɫ
ϧӦøȡк̿Ŷԡ
Ҳ֪û, Բ۾͸ɻԵôȼˡ
ɵȵߣ, ȴˣţŤƨ/ɶ
񣺡
ޱͻȻЦﾡЦ⡣һʱ䣬ȴıƣԺֻһһèܰ档
ҹ°ѩǰʯסϯҶֹסĴ
Ϩƣ˯һȴ컹ûҪٶ˯ʱȴ
񵱼齣ȥڡ
£¡
ޱƵƵ߽ڳģ壬ٽʲô
æһյ򣬽΢Ĺٿ֮ˡޱüͷ䲼ϸ˫ǣָס
£
ޱ͵ӣֱ㶵ģһ亹
ʶеľ˲õһץס֣סʲôʧõı
جˣ
侲ޱͷ
ס֣ΣǼٵģ²ġμʲôˣ
ҡ
ޱһָƽ
μ㱻ɱˡ
ԣһ£˸Եɡǹ¶׹¥֮£Ż˼ҹΡ
˼˴˱סĺţûˣǼٵģⲻǺúõġ
乬ҲСġ
ޱûƿӿУƽεݣЩѵûţĪеġ
ãޱ૵ԺԵ㡣
Ц
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ壬ʷԵͻŶͣ
˺˯ڴͷδ뿪ɫȻޱ˯ճ⡣
ϤصʵַŸϢˣֽϵͬһǰԷ
һΣյֽȴٸԼ
޷ɮһ£˳⣬ı
ȥˣҲҲɵӣһٶûŪϴһΥ˵ͻزˡ
ˣһΣޣӴ˲֮仹ϵĹ˼ɣųϸʱڲҴݡ
ڱҲ˼ˣŹĿܾѰһᰵн
ϵͳ˴ɱô죿һΣֻʣһλˡ
̧ʱᶨȻѡ
ˡ
ˣϵͳҲûȰĵĹڳš
գ˴Ҵ˳Ұ⣬˵Ҳε̸ʣǽֵһμѻ
ޱͻȻǲɢԺĻšԭǵӣȻ˳İĻͳȥЩ˳ڸ
ҲûǣܼҰΪĻǷ̲ǳظԵļ硣
󲿷ĻϢϲ⣬£Ҳأ硣Ҳи˲Ըȥﻹڽңгһܵù࣬ɻڴ
ɲԸԸ⣬̶̼գ㽫ЩͨͨߣԺһӻָ
ѾСǲ෹һ䲻
õز
ǰǳм׵ģǵΪĲ븮ɼжϲ
ߴߴԽ˵Խ֣ⲻ֪վŶ
ߣҲǡ
ˣ²١
ɪҶ֮׷Ʈ裬һءмСѣֱͨ
԰һ·ʰҶ״ÿģƬûȥɣҲܼС
Ī˼㣬æܽ԰ĵͤͤУ´ˡ
ʱޱͤ;Сزкϣࡣ
ʯ¯ǰ裬𣿿ºȱȲ衣
ȥϵʪʱѽˮϡ
½ˡ
Ʒǹ˵ļ֮
ޱɨһϵķҶһĸߣ
ͷǳЦʲôǲɢĻţΪ𣿡
ޱ˵Ϊ˽ųϸɻ߻ͣˡֻΪЩҪõˡ
˵ǣΣ
һ۾ˣޱŲ
Һܿġ
ǰЦĲãĸ˼ˡ
ޱ㻹ǡʲôдϡ
һƬɻðǰ˶˵̸
£Уξ
Ǹʲôûӡ
ޱ̧ʱֱԭȵĵĮ
£
Уξʶһλò˫ȫĹӣ
⻰ϤǰԱĻʱ˵ǣ
ޱ񣬵
ǣ
Ը̣ʲôУξϢҲ̫ͺˣ˼ҹǲɢĻˣͣһûС
ίӭޱĺһ
ⲻǱ˼
ޱڵĽͣѾǻȥˡ
еѳ˵þգԹŲӱʾ
ۺˣޱ
ֻ޴룬һʱ֪Ǻá
Ťͷȥˣ¶ҡ
ԭô鷳
ޱ̾һһ𻨸ݵߡ
졣
Ŷ
ҧŹ𻨸⣬Ŵǹ𻨵ζ㣬ʱͰԼΪԺ
óԣûĺóԡ
ޱݸ˵ǣĵóԡ
ԭҲǺѣֻҪһ𻨸ܰ˺á
Թ𻨸⣬Ʒջ裬۾һֻè
գ汾ȥתת
̧ͷΪգ
ͼޱ˹ƲȥˮϵĸĭζѧӦѾˡ
Ȼ֪˴οƾ٣Ҫĸˡ



48 
ƿ, ѧǲԶǧﱼϿջõΪµѧֻѰ˽լԺͶޡ
һʱ, ǵʫԺֻ¡, ÿնв, ò֡
нϾ, ͼѡ˲ŵĻὫ¡Ů˼࿪ʼĴ̽, Ѻ
ˬͬޱϽ, һϮɫխ䳤ֳۣ, 첽ǰͷԭΪ·ߵĸСԡ
ޱƵ, , һѣŶƶ, ӣǴ˼ҵٷ˳й䡣
ֽϲá
, , ҿóԡ
, ޱݸһЦ, Цĺܡ
ţ˳ǣס֡ЯУѰСƵʮָ, һ
ĺɫ٣Ҽһϵ, ʮﳤӳճһƺӡ
˲ţżȻƼǰΧһȺˣģϵıȲʡ
Ѳˣݣ
ĺޱ˶Ѷꡣ
ǿһ·˼ǰš
˸ǰ֪ԭˣһĴ˼ھٰµգʤ߿ɵһյƣ⾪ϲ
ޱСֹӦúóµհɣ
ޱһۣȻҪƣ
˼ЦҾͦÿġ
ޱÿɷĿͶǰƣһֻСá
ܼҵڳ⣬͵ֲɢһ֡
ΧУ󣬷׷׽ͷӶ
ޱ˼ǰдһ֡
ܼҶʱǰһλӴˡ
Ⱥвʱ֮̾
ҵ¾ǲѧš
ֵչޱʱȡܼҿʼһֳ⣬ظΪ
αʶһ
ޱ˼Ĺһλ/ֻŰ£ݿ㣬ʲס
ʱܼҺʲôƵģֹסĴߡ
һʡ
ජԭдһģһѵǴˣ
ܼٳ⣬/һһ⿪
ޱ԰۲죬ƺڲ²ݡ
ֵܼžŹһһ
/˼ʾд
ٺϡ
ٴһƬܼƵƵͷ⡣
λʤ
ܼҽ͸/Ц֪˭
䴽֣ѡ
ˣ֣ѡ
ס飬Ŀ˱ӰһȻͬ졣
ԭᵽ֣ҾСŮװΪҫ鹶Ͽ״ԪڣΪĸ֮һ
˲Ÿ߰˶־ԶԸӹ֮Сϧǣڹʧ֮Ҳûܵõý֡˷Ůݣ۾֮дնס
үѶҴҸ֣ѵǿ̣ϲ⣬޲˼ҵС
ӿȢףлкˣ
磬֣мܣȴҲֶߡ
үЦ棬ӣҼСŮдֹУ빫£֪ӡ
ףԭүΪѡŮŰⳡµա֣ңŵڣ֣һ˲ģȷʵǱϼѡ
˵֣ѵĳԭ鲢ͬһģˡ
үɷ˵븮ʱ
ţ
Ŀ֮£סˣֹΧˣޱû³ͼ
˼λҵѣͶ»Լˣ֣͵ӭȢãȢˡ
һͨ죬ѡ÷Լ
û뵽㣬֣֣ղɲܶԲסð
˵ţתͷȥʹɫ
֣ѵǸϵģ˼
ǰɡֳ˵ǣȷʵлԼү졣
үһϧǰţȴҲǶˣ͸֣һЩȥˡ
л̨ȡ
ڰ֣޷֮ͣ⽻ѡҼס֣һʣ֣ʲôҪæģ档
֣ѳʩ񣬡л̨֪ϣ
յ
Լɶͣȥģ̫֣ԺҾͽˡ
á
֣ѿȥԸύҲе»
ۼˡֵܡޱšüԶԣԻ󲻽⡣
֪λǡ
סޱ֣󷽽ܣҼӡ
֣Ѹæʩһ񣬡ɩˡ
ԣޱֵĵԼװû
ضָ֣ͷϵȿɷǣҿԳۡ
˭֪֣ѵͽƷϣҷĲȡ
һյƶѣֺɩϲĻȥȨҵһ⡣
ѵҼˡ
ӲѽĴ㣿ҿ·
лֺ⣬һҪ׼ƿһ뵗ֹΡ
֣˼Ƭֵ̣һȥ¥μʫѣֿٺòġ
һںԭˡ
һʵǶ岢ͨҼӲǸ֡
Ŷ
֣͸һ˿ڴձڳ¥Ϲ򡣡
֣ѵӰûȺ֮УҲޱ
ꥶУԶ볾
ƷȥƣϲЦտ»ǵ* Ҫơ
㲻ϲ𣿡
ޱȻ
գգۣǡϲʲô¶ܸң
ȥϵԡ
ޱӦġ
ϲЦտ
ãҼš
ԳƬ̣ޱȻѯʣΪ֣ѽύ
֮ˣѧ峵ضΪ
ֱԲ䣬ҾԺܳΪµĵ֡
ԣޱһ£Ϊ˰˲ţ
԰
񲻾ΪޱȻһޱΪء
ϣи־֮ͬ£¾Ͳ̫͡ºˣұˡ
ޱã̶ͷȥһĨǳЦ
һ￴ȥȴܳԤϣһݾϲ
Ӵͬ˼ɾȴҪֻ
գ¥ϣѧӾۼڴˣѣǽƿǰ˼ʹϵ;
ڶѧ֮У֣ѳǹ£ԤΪϣаѡ
֣
Զ֣ѱƼ˵¥ݱˣҴӭ
δ¿״ԪǸߡ
Աȥòҵһ徲ضŰں̣˷ӵһΧιۡ
ѻܻӭ
֣Ѳ˼ЦЦ־ͱҴȤˡ
ޱִӣ֣Ϊӣռһ൱ѷָ¡
˾۾Ĺսҳ´ˡ
ֱ֣Ƿֲʤ



49 
, Χ˿Ȼȫ۾Ķ֡
ڼ䣬߰˸, 𻨸⡣ҭĻ, òˮ͡
̲סǷ, ϵͳ²ۣôס
ϵͳˮƽ, Ȼ
񣺡, Խʱ䶼ܸ
˺
ϵͳ, ֪ѡװ
ָһʱ, ڷֳʤޱʤ
֣ѷǵ, ϲ, ֮顣
ɩ˵ΪһŮ
ޱͷˡ
˷׷׾̾, 񫣬Զ˵ĳ֮ϡ
Ժĺܣҵ¡
һ֣ѸӳΪ, ſǰύҪ˶ȥ¥ʯˡ
һޱע, λ֮, , ʹˡϧ˼ɫҰףƽ̬
Ͱʹȥ˼Ҷֹ, ʲôأ
ޱԶԣǸ, Ƕıʿ֮һ
ԭˣҲˡ
ʱȻϳ¥Ⱥ֣Ѵ档
֣ӣǵ񣿡
ԳԹϣѵϼһ֮ǰͼ֣ѣ
֣Цݣʩ񣬡ԭϣӦͬĺˡƿΪһչҪ׷ķ
͵Ц֣˹һƿҲǱŹ¶Ϊ˺Ūͷȴ˵һһ׵ġ
ܺôʹ粻֣֮࣬ѾǲӲл֮Ѹٺȥˡ
֣ӣ
ϱԭأĿ¶ʣҪ׷ȥɱ¡
Ц˵˼㣬˽š
㣿ǡ
ãȻټޱ󣬺ɴ۾ֲ̿

ⲻض񡣡
ޱΪ֣ӶֳҲдˣ
ЦҲˣ
ȥת֣֣Ӯˡ
ޱ̾һƽҪ׷˼ûصԶǳ¥Ҳ°۳ô
¡
촽ף͵Ŀһ󣬸ˡ
ޱУġοҪ̫ȷʵǹ̼ġⲻҪǡ
ɫҰף˶ᣬۿҪڵϣҵñеļҶס
һμʶµġࡱɱ/ġ
ֶձҶ³¥֣Ǳ㣬ʼһˡ
£Ҳһ̣
գ۾ʾ
ޱ´ԥţ㣿
Ҫѧܾˡ
Ϊ˲ĻԣޱǴӦͬһ̡ɱƬײƬ̣İӶףʣ޼ˡ
񲻺˼Ӻףҡһȥѧѧ
ޱЦһһʶ𣿽г¨ӡ
£
Լ̫ΣҺ⡣
Խ߳ŭޱЦԽµЦЦ
Цˡ
˫ֻǰŤͷȥ
ޱòѹ´ǣˣЦ㡣ظǼ壬û̻㣬㡣
л¡
ͱˣһҲ֪ǳ
֣һ壬˽ȥľ¥Է
ʵޱǮ֣һ١
ǽ¥Ʋ˶ˣܻӭļΪҹ顣
ôƲˣ̫еֺɩƷˡ
֣Ѳ˼ȿƿǡ
Ӧ£ҿɼˣԤףѽ
ͷͬ
ĪĴһޱвˣһ߻Ҫ֣ѣɰæˡ
⹦¥¶Ȼɧңαңϡ飬˷
ʱż䡣
һ¥ڣΧһλСǹ黨裬װȹỨȥ켫ˡ
ҼӣƢҳߡǾǰؼң˱Ų͡
СҡͷҲʶǣûи磡
ãˣﻹء
סСŮ˵Ҫϳ¥
Ҳʶǣ
ŮĿ޺쳹¥֪飬˸óȻǰ
Ҫڣͱ֣ȡ
д
֣Ѽ¥һƵġ
Ҳȥơ
һͱޱס
Ѿ˳ˡ
޺նסĽףת˲֮ͽ˦ȥ
ջرӣСǰ档
ӽ£ݶȲ񡣡
η֣ȴҲϰݡ
ǴԼߣ𣿡
ߵ˵ʶǣƾһ֮ʾͰ˴ߡ
˼ܿͿʼˣ
ˣˣ
֣ѴȺ׸Ͼ͵
һܳ¥
ɿͬʱ̾ˣˡ
Ƭ̣֣ѷż䣬˳㽫λСŮҲ
ԭʶ
֣Ѽ磬⾪
£ͼԼʹɫ˲ӡ
Ŷݡǵӵġãԣǲǣ硣
Ӧ
ϲã
֣¶ȣ漴֪ʲôĪ졣
ǡ̫ˡ
ȵȣ÷򡱣áôͻȻͱջˣ
У֣һ
ллӴȣ
СŮͻȻע⡣
Ѿˡ
˵ţ¿˸ͷ
Ͻܽԭ㰡
ǵʱɽŮ
һִ߽ʻȷʵ̫Σˡ
ļ򣬡ҲԵܽԸԸһؼңйӪĲ£޼ݡ
ܽ۾ͷ絷⣬Ըߣ
̫ˡ
ԴԺңϲñ۸㡣
һԣ֣ü͡
ĵִԣ
Ҳûй˵ôá
ͷȥ͸졣
ڶ֮ѲԾܲԾ
ƿڼ䣬δٳ˰ʱ̶ڸ֣ѣ۲һһ
ⷢԳ󣬱ʱ档ʳҲȥ棬˼һ֧
û뵽֣һҲǸġ
ӣ˼롣ܳ£Թ˵һǲ֪֣ܲܽŮӵʵ

ͷһƣڻ̱ɱ
ǲַˣ

üϺǣᶥˡ
ʱޱˣӣƶûɵ٩
ɴ˯Ҳˡ
ҲǲС
񵱼ſӣչȥޱ
£˵Ǯĳ˰ɥ£˭ˣ
ԣޱ̧̩Ȼ̫ӵıʿ



50 
ͱˣ̬Ҳ̫˰, Ҳܵıʿ
ҡͷ̾Ϣ˲
תޱ֪һЩеû, ͷϵһ¡
ʲô
ûʲô
ԽԽԩ, ̲סȰ˵, , ԺضҪſЩ
òȵ˳, Լˣ
ޱü, ͻȻסĶ䣬
˵˭ز㣿
˵Լ
Ľл, ۡ¡
ޱ󷢴ȱɿֻԼĶƻ, ڴ͵Ц, С
ίͰ͵ƹĿ⼫Թ
, ࡣ
뷽ŽȻͬޱ, ָԵĦ, һ˿ȡ
𣿡
ɵ, ˡ
ޱ̾, ú塣
֮󣬿ƿŰʾһϲҳʵ, ¿״Ԫ֣ѡ
¿Ÿͷ, Ŀ·ν֡ͷܶȿֺҪһ״Ԫɡ
ӿ쿴֣ӣ
ܽͬȺУԶ緢֣ѡ
ǣ𴽽ǣоǽ
ǰҾ֪һõ
ԭӦʵڹ磬еλѧӣʾʶκλʵżз纮Ƿ㽫ˡ
ʱ֣͸˵¥һ𣬹֣Ѹаס
ʱ֣Ȼ֪ݣΪ𾪡ԭͿ˳߹رޱǹټС㣬û뵽ǵι
֪ǹ£ʵͻԷһ
˵ţƱͷ
ޱݸǱ֣ӵĴ
ǰǿרΪףġ
һɾͼˡǲѣ
⡭
֣Ѳ˼ĵͷл
ø첲Сֹ˵ˣⲻö񡣡
֣ѲӶЦ
ƲõĲˣ֣ȴͻȻޱʽ˾֮
£ѲţԸ׷£µóԸ
ޱ䴽֣д⣬ο֣䡣
֣һ°ڣϥ¹򣬡Ϊ¸ǡ
֪ˣּɡڶ¾Լʱ֣ѷ
Ҳˣ𶯲͵ɽ𺣵ġ
֣Ѷ죬˵ǣûоֻѡ
Ŷԡ
񲻾Ƴ͵͵յ֣Ȼ
û뵽ײٳһ׮ϲ¡
յޱߣ૵£ҿ½š
ޱҲˣ֣Ӱϲ£Ҫǵ뱾ϲơ
ңҡ
ԾԾԣҪ
֣ϸˣȻ
Ȼͷ
ݺݡĵһֻۣûһƲء
һҲС
Ʊʽף;һ˳չͼ
˹ͬٱƱ˲䣬죬ҡΡͬʱеľƱ˵ס
ٲյӰӡ
ٰ磬ʥȺͬ֡һգͣͨﵩ
ǰѡ񵱼һװխۣʯ˿췢塢ңȥһλʳĸҹӡ
ʰ׵ŵȣɰζޱӰӡ
أ
ѾǷ񣬡Ͼ
˵±ˡ
þû±ֲġ
ǵϸ顣
ѾЦĻԣʲôʱС
Ҳԣˣ乬ĹŮȻҪʲôʲô
⹦ޱãһӺݻɫ֯ȹƣȹͬǰ貣°׹࣬ƮƮɡͷϴһ֧Ƕҡ绪
˻ʱѾվԼǰˡ
ʲôأߣ
ʱ˳ǣס˼ҵ֣ߡ
˵ִ﹬͢ʱ̫Ӻ͵ˡϯʽʼ
ȻƼȣɽ亣ζɵûж۲ܴԹˣʲô
žǸ˼ҵ̬
Թ۲ϻʵ۵ɫƺЩ㲣Ǵ󲡳Աߵĵﵹǹˣʵ۲ˣһ΢
֯ʱ죬ʱٻ棬֮֯󣬱Ǿ裬Ტãá
ϯ룬ʵϰٳĳ㣬ѳʮɽڵǰգɽͷҰٿű顣һʱ䣬ǰ磬ʮƮ㡣
ͷһʶʢ㶵ţľ
̫ݳˡ
طʳʹȴӻ޶ȣѹԭкдŰԹصнçţƷ͢
ѵ빬й۲Σ伸ζӦǹ˲϶֡
뿪ϯ䣬͵͵ȥĳ谵֮ء
Ǳʮޱ乬
ʱ꣬ʵΣߡס乬˶Ǳģû˹ǵֻ
֨ѽһƿͥԺĴţܳȥӲݣտҲ
𵱳ԼСȥŷ͵±㱻ץסմ̼ĲСֻҵһ±˷ųԵġ
Ŷƺˣ߽ϸƣԭΪͷ׵ֺһСŮﱧЩ
ӣǽ֮
֣ղ˵ôˣ
ֶƣΡ
Сﲻ𡣡
СŮȴΪȻûˣ˭ֵط
ſϼ£ʢһʱ֪ôģһֲֹ϶ദãƯҲͻˡûãʵ۾ͲȥҲͽʧ衣󰡣ˡ
СŮþ۾񣬺϶ǵµ֡
С㣬ҽ
ֽȷʵǵģҵʱƼˡҸƼ˭Ѷ㽻ˡ
˭
޲ֽ㡣
԰˵
СŮߵȥ˵СС
СŮŻ첻µز£󣬷ηηβ޲Լ֪ࡣ
ңҼסˡ
̾⹬ﰡթСʻ괬乬ҲãýӴǷǷǡ
Ϣ뿪乬شʱڼ
ղֵᣬȴˡ
ôȥôã
ԣЦ·ˣת˺ôһȦ
ޱˣ·ҪǷͷԼ˶֪
֮ɣ˼ѾˣӶֵĻ
Լޱ˲üʲôˣ



51 
, ǴСȡĶ㡣
֪Ϊ˻ȡ乬ĻᣬͬԸʵ, ΪԼ
ޱ˼ϸ, , ܸ˵, ǲݡ
˼˴, Цȥ˼Ҷϸ
ûʲô, ͻȻе㳳»ظ, ǻȥòã
̫, ȵϢ, 
ޱ̲ס㣬΢졣
á
˼, ಻ϲĳϣͬЩίߣ⡣Щٵ, ϲͬԼʵĵദ
صû̫, п, Ϊ˻ȥٳһ١
ϯ, ȺԳظۡǶߵ磬ӱ޵ĸϻع
ǰѾҪЩƲˡƼ, ºžʹ͹ȥĵͤ
ԲҼһŵƽ, ַǷڣǰ£Թϻƣӳõƻͨ
žƱޱԶʮԲ
µգһ̣ʣΧȦӳڳˮϣư赳ˮСˮϷԲ⣬Ӱ涡
֪Ϊϲ£ȷʵʤա
Ҿ¡
һ죬ľҹ
յż龫Сɵ±ڳɻӡ
±һȥû˰顣
óԡ
ЦչĹĵģè䡣
ޱ״ЦȻӡͬǣڣװ׾ġ
ˣСƵġ
ޱôǵ±
ЦûûΣҲԡ
ޱͳԵ٣ڹùϯ棬ʱҲֻܳһ±
ҧһСڣ˹ģĳ˹Ķˡ
Թ±̾Сˣٵҹ
Ե㣬ޱĸá
ԾͶԵ㣬
æҡͷ˹ˡ
θ
ãޱҹգиֳµӰӡ
񡣡
ţ
ͣ¶Ȼ̧ͷǰ֮ˡ
ޱЦĺÿˡ
ÿǶһ
ԣסˡ
ÿ갡Լ֪áһ֮ڣӦǲ뿪ġ
Ƭ̣ЦŵͷãֹҲҪһ
ӶЦ·ʱ䶨˿̣Ըš
Ҳԡ
ҳԲˡ
ޱѵӶƸԣԵ㡣
ȻЦҾͲˡ
ҹ˰޵Щ˫˫˯͡
ʰ׵Ѿ磬ůշԺҶӣӳӲӵĹ⡣
ϧѽںͷһգӭһ¡
ʱҴƶ˾Χ˹ʷö֮Ĵ
ޱɫ΢⹦򣬶˾ѾԺˡ
Ȳô
ܼԺдһʷŭĿӡ
ΤٿɲԴ룬Ƿ¿ͣ⣬˵Ȳ
ʱͬޱʳĵʷ
һͣգ顣
Τ˺ô硣
ޱЦĵ٩ϲΤ˹ٸԭְ˽֪˴ǰҪͷϿʲô
Τ˸ͷ­һ̬֮ǰй֮޲
˾ӵܱ˸淢˽Ի̣ͼԱ²ְּúÿع˰ǰ˲뿪
ޱ󣬲ǾΤˡֻΤ˿ҪǺãһλû֤ݣɾͲǷٺˡűΤ˻СԼɴñΪá
ɴñͲ͵·ˡ
ΤһΪȻ
˳飬ԭһƽ١ޱ棬ϧԷʼҲ֤ݣղ֮
Ǿû̫ա
֮ͨ󣬵Ҳˡ
ͷΤȥţĪҪŵ¡
Τ˵һۣתǰԺֻ¼Ժ⡣
⣬µӻճǾ͵˾ڣʲôʲô
ҲȥиʱͬޱϦദѶʱоֳʳÿ컻Ϊޱ㡣
֮ǰʰķҶѷɣСĽǼУĺǻı
ޱƼҶЦ񱾹㣬ΪβѰܱ
׼дһʣҵ´ŻҪ
ǵµˣǵµˣӵȥҲӡ
֣µ۷ʲôҶ¹ˡ
ޱãת˲֮䣬ȥЦݣֵʲôģ˵˵
Цǣ˵ˣޣ
һͷͼޱԾױڶԷǰԸ˼ͷ
ԡ
ӹӣڷϸ£һһ¡
ӣ͵͵ϰַױݡұˣùԼ
ֻ𳤷Ĵ֮£ղ¡
ͷˡ
¾Σ
ޱ
ٺЦҰ»䡣
ʲôᡭ
ޱٴξȣһʲôʱѧġ
Ų˵Լǰġ
մ֬Ỻʹճһ÷
ޱٴοԼĺ÷ʮޣױΪ䡣
˶׷ʫʸ踳㵹ãʱȫĥЩ´ȥ˵޴־
ȴ˸־ҵ־ؾչ˺õ£¿ģҾͿġ
ޱδٿڣɴĻѾ
ϵͳϲŮǰڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
УԼĽ൱⡣
£ȥԺߡ
ţ
ޱü֪һָʲô»к棬Ըųš
ܳȥģ鷿ȡ˸ޱߡ
ƹޱűߣĵƵģȴϨ
ޱһ˲ʰơ
ģ
԰ϲ𣿡
Ƶģȴ佱
ȷѺˣ˺üգΪ˸ƶ
ޱѶСⲻȤˣԻϲ
ϲ
Цӯӯ߽ͬһתŵƣôת
ʱʷѲԺǰƼһĻмŤͷȥ
Ƽˣû۲Ϊ
»ʲôϲ* ѧ
ޱȴãȻˣϲʲô
벻Ҳûϵٸҡ
ŪȦƣͷȥֱĶ˼ң֮ȥתת
ȥ
ޱ֪
á



52 
˾ղ, δȷ֤ݡգ⿪½ƽ¡
˾ΰ², ʵСʹ롣, ɲδ˼, ԶԶޱҪĽ
֮, ˸߲ҵޱϽ, ͣͣй䡣
ת, ϵС̯»һƼͨͨıǺ«æȥ
ϰ, ҪǺ«
ϣúá
ʱǺ«, ݸޱһ
ɺóˡ
ޱƬ, Ǻ«޴¿ڡ
ĺóԡ
˵ţҧһ, ĽζŹµĺ, ζ١
ޱСûԹ, ֻǼ, û⡣Եô, Ҳ볢
ѧŵӣӶ˵ĹӿʼԣҧһС, Ȼɿڡ
˴γţ², ԼǱؾˣֵĵطꡣ
˴С۳ɫƳϣƺ財
ӱôˣ
»ص˵Ǵˣӱݡ
һˡ
Ҳȥƣ
ڴޱҲԸɨˡ
á
ӵԣǧӳյǺӡǰ߻ǹ֮϶ΪΣֻδʻ
˺ò׼ȺλøպöŹš
ˣӺ𣿡
ʵ
Цƣѽū֪ˣǰ߱ԭݿʱҲδϱݵġǴԺ伣꣬ڻˡ
ҵúúƣжྫʡ
˷ܲѣƵ̽ͷ̽ԡ
ޱЦɣڵշУ̧˳ҵ˿һƱ𵽶
գգۣһģɶԷԼͷ
УԶȥδѾ˹֮£ǻ
δ֮ϣ滨Ƹ׳˶ӱڴͷһڷŮֵ衣
Ʈ֮ʱһŮȻڴ֮ϣȹ棬ӯ·ʱȥֻ裬/
ͷһοݣ۵üȻޱȡͬʱսޱ֣ñȺɢ
ˣˣͷϷˣ
һŮӵȹͻȻȼ棬ȹΧһȦŮȴȻڻӶת衣һʱ䣬Ľĳɫͬͼ
ţŮӽ߸׳תĹ򣬴ųɫȹڿд诶ŮȽסʱ׶
񲻽ˣ˰
ºŽͣûݾͽз
Ȼʢ
ӳУ硣ĿޱաԷǸ֪ˣתĿԣӳǺӣȻеֻб˴ˡ
Ȼ䣬֪ﴫһУͨһˮˡ
˰
˻ݣ˲ϨˣӵŮŮͨˮԵĶˮˡ
ͨһһȥԽԽࡣˮ֮Ǳʲôסˣںм£ת˲ȥ
ЭѾûˡ
һã鷳һá
ǰͷ·ޱǰ鿴
иΪˮ֮̽Ϣεҡҡͷ
ˡ
ԭַǷˣݣͻȻ޲ꡣ
ܿ죬ϵֳסӣʬ
˵ȱɢˮ˵ȫеһʡ
ԶƼޱˣæǰ񣬡£ô⣿
ޱȴֻӣܱˣİӡ
ǡ
ʬһС˴ӵײײܹǰϥһֱӹ򵹣
Ӱӣ
ޱʹɫᵽһߡ
Ǻˣ
СĨūţūǶӵӡ
ԣޱüӣļҵĶӣ
ҵĶӡ
Ķӣ
ϸ䣬ԭ𣿺ûļˡ
С˱ϣȷΪ޶ӡΪ˿ˣݣ߽ôһӡû뵽ݵ̫࣬;ɢˡ
ϤһŮ޶ӴֺУѧͺȥɫ֮ء¥ݣķ¥ƼӰôݰȴôϲ
鿴սˮΪ˶ˮʵϥǴۣӦΪСɵĶˣʯӡ޶ˮпǱðȥġ
°ϸ˼ڳôˣ˭ıĹӣΪʲô
佫ʬԼС˴ţϢܿ촫޸ҹ£࿴ӵʬףݺᡣ
ฮӱı󣬴תȥǰҪϳ֡ʵּưס
½ͷöΪףæת
˴ȴĪҲ֪˭ɵġ
бϸ꣬ůĿϣһֶ裬һ§ӣò⡣
̽ͷԲԴϺ޲豭
ԣɲȵġ
񽫱øߣƷ

ҡҡͷЧ
ʱűƿޱ糾͵Ļ
¡
²豭ɿӣԼӭȥ
ô䣿
סޱֻ֣֣Է϶ġ
ºȱ裬裬ɺúˡ
ޱ¶񣬱˱ȵ裬Ӷůˡ
ߵ裬ѯʣӽչΣ
⹦Ӳʱ䣬˵űߣС
ûޣְèһһèôֱޱ
ޱڣ鷿ڱһˡ
һסĿڵ𰣬´ܲȴк
Ӱȥٵģ˭ܵˡ
ף治ɫ֪ˡ
ޱƽʲôˣ
ص£ǰ׮ӣˣйءѾؾڣǰ
ݷתǰˣǱݣ䶯ȫǡʱλòŮӣܷѩӶܷѩһܷѩĶ
ܷѩɱʱת˾жΪĶӡ֮ӱնףĸϹ˫ۣ̹ţ֪١ˣҲ뿪ȥˡ
ԭһ׮ɰ
ĥţ·ǵ飬ԩٴ
Ǹܷѩûˣ
æص˵еģ︸ĸ˫ܷѩиãСΪÿÿݣǮͼĻؼ
Ͷˡ
ΪζԴ޶֣ѵܷѩ֮ɵģ
˼ʱ¼ҴҸ
£ŶȥͶˡ
һʱ䣬ޱɻ
ôͶˣ



53 
Ͷ֮ݻĹ, Ϊδ鵽ˣӣͶǰ
Ϥ, ܷѩİ, Ϊܷѩò毺, ָˣൽر, ׷Ķ֮һ, ĶҲǡ
ܷѩ֮ã޶ӷҪ/һ, ǿŮܷѩӣʧֽɱ, ޻֮ӡ˰ɶ˾жĶΪɱ/, ޶ӱժøɸɾ
ʱ, 󾭶෽֪̽࣬书, Ϊ㱨Ǿδݣ޶ˮ֮¡
ǰɢˣݵϢ޶ӵñʱȷλá, ԰ô޶ˮ, ٳŻǱˮס, ʹˮ
ޱ, ׮׮޾ϸ޲֮Դ˽᰸
, Ǹûᡣ
ͻȻ˾һ, ŪԩٴΤӲΡ
ԣޱ̧ϸꡣ
ò˵ؼʱ̣һܺ뵽һȥ
񱻶Ī飬Цôˣණ
ޱҡҡͷãʱҲԳǶ֡
ٺЦͺܴ
տԭα¶ޱ̾
ϸĹĹʣƺȫ棬ȴԴɵ㡣
ޱδ¶ۣ֪顣Ͱʹչȥ˼̡
ǾԲȫΪʵ
ޱü۲ת䣬ϸϸĦмĺ壬ܾﲻԡ
Ŀͣϡ
ǵã·ʱδˮǻ˴ա
·ͻȻǵעˮ֮ϣﻹйȥעˣӡ˭ˮˣ˭û£ƾһ֮ʡ
񲻽̾Լҵ
˵ֲֹһˣа֣
ǣ־ˮ
ޱֽһǣʶĦ˼
ʱȥصѰ򸾵䡣
һУޱͼĳ˫۾Լǳݡ
㡭Ϊ㿴
ĵĿޣҼҵ
ޱߣ㣬Ⱦ졣
˵ʲô˭ҵġ
ѧϷҡͷԣǵµȻһҵģ֮ҲҼҵġ
ޱֵĵһۣҪȥĶ䡣һΣһ
ʱŶܿٳǰҪͷ
¾Ҽҵġ
䣬һûӰˡ
ޱȻ׷ߵĻȥһϲ£ͨ졣
ԽԽ޷ˣ
޶֮ڳǴķзͶתգһϺڴſڣҲͶ
ԭ½ӵָȫѰԼҷ򸾣˭֪̤ЬٴȫѹͶϺ
ĹıϣΨһͬľ̡ԼһΪȴ˵ˮקס޶ӣֹˡ
ޱٴѶңͬʱҲͶ档
һ̾Ϣ壬Ǻαء
ʹˣһСеС
ִѣ˸ԼԼı
ڶУǰԩʼĩҲ֮ˮ档
ޱʵѡĿ֮ףӦֻΪ˱޶ӡ
һųе˲䰲ˡ
ҵ£һ仰ʵϡ
Ա߸ݣ󰸵¶йºڣҲò
ã̧ͷӭϹӣҪһǺҽ֣ԩԼҰסĿĶ˾١
Ϊ˾ҶӲűԩ
ۿ»ҲҪö˾ǰﹷᣡ
ޱġ
Ƿģ׮ԩǿҶˡǰɣ£
Ź˾
ޱһǿɸҸ״
һۣη֮ɫ
ҵǣ
ڴѺһգٵ޲ʱǰ̶һ֮ڣСѾǰԩԼ͢ʧְðջȻ
Ļ֮飬󳹲ǰľɰ˶ˣѾֵಢδĲУĹĶ£鵯˾µ̫»Сǲܡ
籩꣬ά·һж޹ء
࣬鷿ȴů紺һ鷿ޱϰ֣ԹԱߵȺ
Դӹ¶ԽԽݣҲ¶ԡ
ޱ̧ͷĳ˲ǳ
£ǡ
˵ţ˼ҿһǡ
𣿡
ޱ⧲ζһ£ŵ𡣡
ЦŴս£Ƕ˾İˣ

ޱʣǣ˵Щ첻塣
ҲԼжǣ۾
ô꣬˾̫ӣڳ̸ڣʵֲԸЩ£ʶֻ졣ҪȷʵЩѶȡ
򸾶أݱޡɱ״޶ң⣬̻ķ˾ȻаԵʥء
˴ζ˾ܸӦдֱۣûض˵ˡ
͵ʲô£Ϊθﶼû۴£
泳ذȴû¶Ƶġ
µ˶۴¡
ޱ
񲻽⣬ΪΣ
ޱͣʣ̧𣿼Ҫܰ
ң
еİסˡ
Ҫģȥжۡ
Щթһ˶Ը͹ˣʵڲʺǰˡ
ޱ̱ʣԴϡ
ԡ
Ҫ˫۾ԶǸɾģЩĵ˺Ⱦ
һĨǳЦڱң

ˣޱеЦʵƭˡ
˵ޱĿֽ꣬ƬˡֽƬ˱ˣоΪء˼ȥףԭһʼûаޱˣǵһѪ⡢ῪҲѹˡ
ЦüۣҲ뱣¡
ԣޱЦ
ǿġ
ޱЦһ֪ˡ
Цԣ¾ûвʱ
񣺡ϵͳǲǿʼˣ
δߵϵͳƵ㰵˼Ұɡ
񣺡˵˫򱼸ء
ϵͳǺǣҷ´ѡһҪѡֱŮ



54 
۷, Ӱ쳯٣ʹûʵ۲òӣһ, ſƽߡ
˰漰ʷ, ̫Ӵ, ֻ˧
ʷΪ׵Ķ˾Աչ, һ޷ʧ֮, ٺһ꣬Чȡ
˾ְȱ, Լˡޱһ¿״Ԫ֣ѾΪҶʷ, 嶼˾ڵ̫צ׽С
ǰԩˮʯ֮, Ӧ޶ˮһ, Ϊ˶𡣲룬ηں¡
һϦ֮, ͬԼҷ򸾾ʧӰ١ڼ䣬δκβ֮˾ƾղˡȥˣ, ȴְѳ, ֪ȥ򡣳ȥֵ䱻ٺ, ǣ
Ϣһ, ѸٳΪǲ෹̸ʡС¥˵̱߰˸汾б۵ġ
׷ײ²ּҽǺ˳ڵ, Ŷݼ֮ʶɲһһ뿪Ρκβȥ, Ҳǵ˭֪ൽΡ
ͬƶúõĴô˵ͲûκˣŴû
˵ǵôߵģ
ӣ˫Բ۾ӡ
ϧͨСè䣬֪˵ʲôֻͷȡ
⹦ޱᣬӽȳ
èʲô
ɷнµ˼Ҷ˵èͨ飬һҲ֪ܵɶأ
ԣޱ̧֣㣬ѽ˰ɣ㿴ЩʫʣҪ顣
˳Եϡ
ѽºôҶˡ
ޱɶĳˣأΣ
۾Ҫ±ңҲ

ޱϳβ׼ʱһС
ҿƤ
໵һ֧ˡ
ѽ¡
ѣֹй뷿֮֡
ޱüʲô
ҡ
ˣ˫Ͷ
ģߵ
ޱѿڶ
һ̣鷿Ŀĳ
δӦʲôˣǱȴȻղ
ˣ
ޱסҵҰ棬״Ʋʵ
ǣһ׵ֻǷ˿Ϊ
ޱͷʾ¡
գ۵Ĺ򣬷ͬһƵ뿪ˣ˳ϷţϢƹȡ
°ͣĥҪ֣Ҳǲܡ
ȥʲôˣ
ޱҲҴţ䴽ǰʷ
󣬽㶹һ˲̶Ӽߣ
ô¶֣˽ӹܶ˾Ϊĵ֡
Ķ˾٣ƵͬһɢɳǱеæˡ
ʧȥ˾ܴòࡣ
ʵŹ֮˵ڳô£˼Ϊҹ˾ռס
˾ิʱƻһݷſɻסָϷΪǵóۣǰ԰²ΰݡӲ٣лѪ֮˴档
ʵ۽Ƿǲȥѡ˭ȥ⡣Ը̬ϣޱëԼּǰ԰¡ʵ۵ʥּվˣƺ޲ޱϽ̣ʡڸǰâ
æµܼޣҪѸôϸϡ
ԣˣ¯
ܼվԺָӣӡ
ֽŶ㣡¹õķıҲҪϡ
˶׼ԶţΨ߷
ǵԭȷ֮Уֻùĸвֹ湫ոģаһӽçЩԭ鶼ûϸ˵ֻ˽
¸ĳɹָʲôء
ⷢʲô
δ䣬ޱļϡ
˲ϲЦտûʲôҾЩڴãպݵľɫһĺзǺóԡ
ԣޱЦ֪ԡ
ҲΪչ˵
Цңзˡ
ųԣըųԣǳųԣС
֪Գо
ޱԴϣʱַһģһ
·ϵĳʳͽˡ
ֱͦĵ֤ʹ
ܼعСˣ֣ѶţҲʱġ
¸ŶˣϹʳӡУİΣУԱʱ֮衣
ԭܼҸ׼ޱԳһдӼΪɣռݡ
ҹ̣ʱǵִݾڡɺ·תˮ·Żɽˮ
ҹҶ˪溮ϰϰͣˣ֮УԼüƻɺ
ůͶˣޱǰϰЩƲˣȴʽ
Ϊ䲼ˣɨĲȰδ
ϵθڣ
ޱȴأ
˲ȻЦڵѽæзأū澰æһҪ³
ûȡ
µ٩Ŀ⣬ޱͣƱװæ
ֹһյĹ򣬵ĶŴСĻѼڵ
зζԣ³
ۺ˹ŽޱпΪʡ
ǡ
Ȼܣз
ֱǽгзззƶзƹԼзνɫζȫʳָ󶯡
ޱÿòٴθ̾ڳľ츳
ô
ޱѵóʵóԡ
ɵţззơ
ҪպŽײźã
һз²ֱʿˮ
Ȼûƽ£ѷжнһԡ
ū澡
ԥſԼҵ¡
ޱͷȻܳȥ
ôˣԲꡣзòҹʣ̫˷ѡ
ֳգղЦķ𰶼ɫˡ
ǳԵĿģ൱гɾ͸С
ˮƽ¥Ӧûʲô⡣
ޱĿԴˣҪͶ¥
Ǳǵá
ĿڣЦ³зƶˡ
㷹ޱͷ۾κΰããһƬ¶
ĪҪˡ
ųȥѶϡ
ܾŻƳЩ£ϾۼŮ٣ָԶ
ʲôأ
ҲŲƣԶеƻ𿿽ϡ֮Զ
ƿŨവ˵ǡ
ָҹĻµĹۣδ
ϺˣҡΡ
Сģ
ۼֿ챧סҪˤˣ§ʡޱ߰ͷúýȦڻ
ůޱŷӦ˫΢ȣġ



55 
ҹɫɺ, ƿػϷ羰
άԭƣ˭Ҳû֡, 纮, ˴ε¶ȡ
ޱûƿ, Ȼ֡, ˭Ըſ
§, ̧ͷҹգǳӳ, ǹÿĻȡ
δԽԽ, ̾
ɧޱŴ˳ȥ, Զ
, ͵Ĺһ磬һ顣
ǵ, ǴͲ㣬౧ء
ͷſδ֮ϵķ⡣ֳ, С졣輧Ǳ, ŵӴ, ̤衣
м輧֮ĳΪ, ŷȹ, վڹɵתϸ֮
ԭǵص跻ں, λȹ輧Ϊ跻ס
ĵޱ£ҪǴ衣
д˵ϰ׵ģ輧Ǵ裬Եõο͵Ĵ͡
Լ뿪ǣޱҲˣĵͷӦʡ
װӣ輧ǰ֮ǴΧŶ֦衣趯ɢ
ޱҧ䣬ûɣ
ǾĶˣŵζͣʼ* û⡣
ޱȻû⡣
Ǿͺá
ɿǵˡ
ޱɨÿ𣿡
ÿҲô¡
Ƶģһת˵ǣԣһ㡣
ޱԲݣǶèƵģա
벻ٿЩÿģ
롣
ϣĿбӡ
ҿ»أй򿴱ˡ
Ļشޱãûʱ⡣
һϣޱ˴ͣ跻˷׷л
ūѰ跻ģɾ뿴裬ǵѰ跻
ϸĿת䣬ˣˮࡣ
һֱԼҵ£Ҳָˡ
ûһˡ
¶أ輧ȴŵ¶Ű֫ӯӯһա
ޱӦһ´
δԶϵŮٲɢȥ
һĻȻ˼ϸޱ۵ס
λڵغܻӭ
Ծάƫͷƣֱޱ
˶ˣӲ𣿡
ᣬˡ
ڰԴಱҲࡣ
Ϊ˱ģҲƴˡ
ɵ
ޱЦһת˴ա
ȻݳڣŻнٶȣҲȥ԰¡
ޱǽʳɢģ˳Щ£û˼ȥΪϻʵ
գСѵľ¥ȥ˸顣
ҪǺ«
ϰ壬ʤ⡣
óҲҪ
һÿﶼŴС˷׷ײĿ֪ĸ˼ҵɾӳ档
¶ȥˣޱֹѽϵС԰ˡ
ޱȴЦӯӯĳ˵ıӰЦԼĳ硣
ʲôʲô𡣡
֪Ȥ죬˺ͬ𰲢С
һµط͸Ƶģʲô
ĸоʵ̫ˬˣˣ˰æöֻܿڡ
ҲһѸ˼ҵ

졣
⻹ǲҪ̫ҡ
ӣ
ƨƨߵܻޱߣ㿴òÿ
̯ƣԭһ֦ĵӡ
ױʲô鱦解ӦоУΨȱ޻ӶǷգҲֵǮǺÿ㡣
ޱܸӵӦÿ
һѯʣбĻ
У
ܣһֱ̯ܵλǰ
ϰڷʮֻǳ׵ģӴﶬĻɫӦоС
ȺٺϡǾޱţޱͷ϶ÿ
ҪĻ˺ÿ
Ҫˡ
ޱ£ֵ̯ĺϲ£죬ϻ̳Ͽֵһ̴ֻľС
Ҵϡ
һʱ䣬ѡѣ֪ѡ֧á
̧ͷۼȺԶɽˮӦޱˮɫѡ
˼ƽϣֱϡ
Ȼʱպϸ꣬ǵͷܣҳһš
ޱţˢˢſɡĻγһϣͶ˷ػ
ˣ˵ȹǱʪˣرޱߡȹڽʪ͸
ȹůѸٻһѳޱʪռͰˮԡ
һڶм䣬ˮʶͷȥӳٻӰ
һ죬ޱҲ÷ˣˮŸպû⡣׾ļȾһĨɫ
̫ˣޱֻ˯ԡͰ߱Ŀ
£ųʲô
ƳţȴٳٲӦ
£
˯˰ɣ
£
ޱ鲻Ըӣʲô
ãû˯ţ
Цûʲôະ
ޱ
һûһͬޱ죬ݴûʲôӪֻΪ˲ޱ˯ȥ
롣
ޱ̲ס˵
һΪ˭
»ûԡҺģ뿴¡
ޱԸԼʼˣ
ٲҾҪȥˡ
ҡ
һЦǵ¿Щ
Ѿͷ˰ʱٲ˶Ҫˡ
֪ˡ
ޱ͵ԡͰȴ˫һȻˡ
ֻһʱۼֿסԵˡ
£
һڵϣڵԼӣûޱֱӺ͵ܽӴ
û˵ɣ
ޱҡҡͷһȴסˡ
գ޹Ĵ۾ٶ۵ķӦϸ۹⻬ǼĴС
·أ
۾ϣ
æ۾װ
ϵʧˣһOO@@
ۣޱѾ£Ÿһֻ
ޱĴæ´ǿϵϣʪīɢţˮ˳ŷҵ䣬ʪ¡ճϣҶϱ˪á
Ǳޱ޴
ʲôҰ¸¡
㡣
ޱյıȥǺӡ
񼸲ŵ̾Ϣһ
ǵµ̵ҵķ֮¡
ϸĺţ˺תϵ´
·ɣҶġ
ڵˮīá
ڼ䣬ޱŤĲϿҲ˳ûŪ
ˡ
ʰ׵ԼĽ
ŻǱյޱϸĺǻֱؽĹ¡
»ЪϢҽ˰͹
԰գɷ˵˴ᱧ𣬾ֱͻش齡
ޱŻָɫٶȾ죬ű



56 
˵֪, ȴøʲôʲôֱǵΪ
ޱãתͷ˰ͽ䡣
ζȰδ, ޱֻŵ
̾, ٺÿ, Ҳܵԡ»ǳȳԵ, Ȼˡ
ޱһﲻԽԽ, ƤҲˡ
ԷԲ϶꣬ϸĺ, ׸ι
£
ԴСƵ, صؽŰӿڸУù¶ڡ
ݼŨ, ޱȴ, ԺȫǷŵĻ档Խ룬վԽ, ˡ
Լԣ
˵ţһѽȥͷԷ, ٲĳˡ
ǵ, Щɰ
Сèʲô
, ϲĻء
ֽź, ϵޱвˣչ˵΢
νֲЦˣοһ̫, ޱ޴ӷ
Թڣ, ŤҪ¡
ʳֱ˯һתͷ
ʲô
ޱתͷ˦һ۵
ûûεЦţΪ½˯ǰ¡
԰գҲܶԷǷͬ⣬ԹԵĽ
ǰɽɽиС

ޱʹ˴ϣĳ˽¾͸Ƶģͷۡ
һ¡
½ǰɽɽиš
ޱپǲֻһ¡
ЦһĿɶˡ
񲻷ΪԼ⣬ǡźСñɡ
ޱ
Լǵõͯ½˸飬ԽԽСֱû
µ·Լ˯ˡ
ۼĳ˲ôŵ˯ˣޱɳ̾
һʱͦʱȴɵϣ׽͸¿ƺˡ
ɵϡ
˯ɲʵ˫£֪߽ʲôͷ̯֫ռݴ󲿷ֵĴ齣ֱޱ
ޱסҪɱ/˵飬ǿԼ侲˯
ôԼѡš
Խ峿ϽɰããһƬʯ·ʪСľͻ
뿪ǰ׼Ͷ޵á¾ξĸۡ
һ磬˶ǰ︮СԼ·Ķ˰
Թɫͼޱ񲻼ãɫѣûϢõӣ顣
˼˯Լ˯ˣô˵ȥ
£Ȳ衣
Цĵķһ
ޱһۣӹ豭򣬲Ըס
񲻸бԹֻЦݵš
ӵִ︮ǰſֻһ͵ļҶš˵ԼŴǱѰҶæܻȥͨ
ΣͨļҶȴ˼ƵģѶ
ξôĵӣ˵
²
Ծ£ǰ´븮
ޱ︮ͻȻһɧң˷Ƿʲô˵Ĵ¡
ϸ߰˰ˡ
ں˱ˡ
ޱüʲô
ԼûƣľЩ
ޱһ£𰵱Ŷ룬һ̽
ޱĸ︮ȻһšѾСǸɫŶ˻Ϲܼ̱ڵأޡڣһŮӷŻ²ֹ
ޱüͷ壬׷ʲôˣ
д𰸶ڣǰΨһ˶ڲ鿴
Ƭ̣ٶȳʱɫʮء
£еݶѣһ̲Ѫ
ԣűߵŮӺȻƴУƷ񲡣
ɣɱˣй
ۼŮӺֱײܳԺ䣬ޱ˽¡
νɣǵξλƷŮΪξӡ
ԭͶ޵ģһײֳ񵱵ξһֻ¾ˡ
ӵϢ˼ҴܽУֱޱ
ְμ£֪¡
ˡ
ޱ϶ԷĿ׻Ϊ鰸Щˡ
ǣ˵ǡ
ݲ鿴ֳ
ûʬ壬ֻܴѪԼϸ֡
︮϶סˣ¾صĿջ˲鿴ϼѡ
ޱֹ£ɴסϣܾͽӵĽչ
µҲֻˡ
ξһȫȨĵȥ⸮Ͷޡ︮ĸۡӿʣʺס
︮˰ʣ·ξңֻڳ˳۵üӵصξԵˡεֱ峿Ҷͨűѡ
һ裬һĥ˵˵Ҳ̫˼ˣôġ
Ĺʣɾڣʵޱǰ
ޱڣֻԣ㻳˽֮˵ף
ףǣְΪ֮˵ʵڻΪ᰸˶ڳֻ˵üɷǳ󡣡
Ƭ̣ޱֵɱ˶ڣַʲô֤أ
⡭
ˣĿǰֻǱְĲ²⣬֤ݻҪһá
ޱϾڣôϣһǴ֤ݣƾղ²⡣
ǣְף
˳ȥſ̲סӲ˰Ѻתȥ
ģ˼ŵá
ޱڣ˼Ҵߵһӡ
³
ޱҧһڣ𡣡
ڣӶ͸ˣӣͷһ˪ˡ
Ҳá
ЦʣӶĶӡ
⸮µһƬͣر᷿ر𽻴ϲ
Ժ˼͸Ĺʵҡҡ׹ΪޱӸ⣬ժǶ̫Χˡ
ͷŹ֮ˡ
°ժ
ڱУǵµĸαһˤˣǿɵ
û¶Ͼժˡ
ֻԼġ
ֲɵŲȥˤ
⹦ޱµͬҲԺУۼôΧһϸһƣϵǵ
ôʲô

ԭ·أġ𽻸ϵĸųޱܹȥ
¡
㣬ϴƵġ
ޱȴβסĹС
ӺףⲻǸʳҵĿá
ޱ̧֣ժͷϵҶӡ
»ӦðŲΣյ¡
ԣǵ£ս𣿡
Ȼ۽ޱ΢ȣһ¡
㡭
ļͬ´ΣȴĴˡ
£ְ鵽ˣˣ



57 
ĳʵڲʱ, ղķ𰶼ˣзһۡ
ô£Ҳܰ˸ϳȥޱһ, ɫ, ʲôչ
ش, ٩٩̸, һһʮޱ, Ѻϡ
ʱޱ, ͬ⡣
ô
񲻽̾طСתתȥס
һ, ºŮӣ
һ֮Ե
ޱʾ۴˽ǰػ
ͬϴμʱķ, , ؾصĹá
ξȥɽʶ, һ飬͵͵һʱ䡣
ʶְΪξδǽ֮˵, ˫˫, ˳ת²Ʋ
֮, Ѿ϶
°˼, ²еû֤ݰ
Σξȷûˡ
, ޱſڣȴֱѯʷ
㵱浱ξң
µ, ﹩ϲ䣬ڳԼξܡ
̲סϧúõŮͬأ
£˿֪
ޱʡ
״˲֪
˴ȥǰɻ
ΪδӦξң
ôﶼˡ
Ĵ𰸸պý⿪ɻԭ˵ĳȥɽڣǰͬξͶϣĳξȢˡ˶ϵֱȥɽڣط꣬ź˿
ȴ鲢ûô򵥡ξǰԵѵֻ飿
ȫƾ²⣬֤ݣղòͷŷڽ᰸ǰ뿪¾ء
׮Ҳ̫Ѫˡ
Ͼ֮໹ĥǰܾ÷ʲôҪ
Ǹξ˻ʼճա
֪ʲôʱеȱ˶ȥתԴϡ
Ӵ
ͷʹޱ͸¶ί֮ɫ
ʲôң
ޱ𴽽ǣСӶóѵĿУȶȥ
㱾֣ġ
Դշѵõĺ˳棬¾ľ¥żϢ
Ҵˡ
ϴ
ޱ󷽵Ĳͬƽϣǲ
ʲô
롭ʲôĿġ
ޱˣȻ㻳Ƿɱξ
ҿûô˵
һʵҾáӦòξʷ
ޱü˵ֹܲһң
֮УΪĲ˳ʺô͵סįϾһûҰ㡣
ޱ˼Ƭ̣ͷǸ㡣
ˡ
ٺЦţԵǵС
ϵͳ̲ס²ۣûϢһ𣿡
񣺡ңҿԡ
ϵͳҿ飬Ҫ
񣺡Чء
ϵͳ˺ڻֵڻֵûˡ
ճޱЦգջش𣺡֪ˣ֪ˣûÆ
ϵͳûˡ
⹦һӰȻӶ¥żĴӷǰ
¡
ٴαһסͨͨСࡣ
ΪʲôͲأ
ֻ·ռȥԶĽ̡Ҳ˽ȥȥ˽һˣˡ
˵˽˵УΪλ˽¼棿
ֱһͷԽԽˡͻȻ˼ͷǡ
ޱ£Ǻ죿
ԶţڽʲôɫӦǲİ
˼ˣȻͷһμ档ͬʱɾˣȴ˽¼棬պг
ޱʵ˿쳣֣
ǰ˳ĿɷԵ񼸺ʧûôָ
ҡͷ޲ס
ޱһۣӱ˴еõͳһ𰸡
˵ķװġ
ޱƽȥѷ
ǡ
䣬һƮ˲ʧ
˼ˡ
ޱɸ̾
̾ϢԼҵµȤڲͬ
һ㣬ѱ¥ޱδ֪ͨֻ˽ѯʡ
ؽţֻЩɻŪ
ڶǰɫ⸮ʱⲻͬ
뽲
һԣŹӣԸ̾СС¾أȴֹһף˶˽ܣǲ򵥡
ޱżɽΪξǰһиˣ˵֣˵Ļɱξ
ūҲףūΪô
װɵһ¶
ޱ촽³֣ޡ
ԣȴЦˣôΪôҿǺɾˡ
Ϊ˵ĵ˾ѡ
Ȼ䣬һд
ҷ򸾵ĸ鲢áԹξڼξһϣ˼ޡ
ԹԵĽȥΪĳ֣˵֪ξȢ࣬ʢ֣ԵһϷ
һֹɫˣޱò¶֮⡣
ԣūҾ͸ˡ
ŽΪһ˲ﵽǼģָܿȻٲ
û֤ݡ
ȥ٣ϵϢȴӡ֤˶˵Ĳ롣
֪ξңְˣǰǰλŮӹܣ֪ˣ顣
ҧС޸ǳ
ޱһԼعͷԾɳ
µġ
˰ɵأȴκȷ֤ݡΪտֻţòԹ֮˵᰸õɮ˳ȷ£ο
һ˵δٵ飬ǰ԰¡
֮ǰɹִɴɮ˼еӭӣʮ׳ۡ
˰ڶԺԻ¡ƹŷ𣬿Ʈ̴ζ˾
ޱִŷоľйɵһ½һ£õ˯
ֽһīӡˣޱû֣͵͵һŶֽ̿š
˭֪ޱ۶ȴ֪С
д𾭣Ҫһ㡣
ͷ۾ôֵģ
ġ
дˡ
ԣޱ̧εǱЪϢ
һսľ鶼ɷ˵ȥϡ
һϢɡ
ޱ޹ϡͿľˡ
һо
Ҳü
Ǽ䡣
Ѿůůͺͣˡ
ޱŵ̾ϢһĻĳϡ
Ͽű̫
ϣû⣬˯ʵˡ



58 
ĳʵļһ˯ʵԽ, Ϩ֮󣬲һյĹ˯ˣʣޱԸɵۡ
ͷԼ򵥴Լ˯
ޱı֤ŷ, Լиͷ, һͻԭα¶
Ȼ, ˯, ҷ˸, ѰůֽŲצƵĲס
񡭡
ޱҧгݡ
Ȼĳ˻Ȼδ, ˯Ըʱ, ޵Ļȡ
Ǽ˯ˣޱϾҪߴȥ
κĳ˲̫ʵ, ʵѲ, Էڻ谵˫, ˯⡣
ҵù̫ڲסޱϱĪɫ
˯иë, նܷԭء峿ʱ, ԼޱλεĳӺ硣
ޱ㲵ɫȴӡ֤ҹϢòá
ֱ, ô£ѵΪ²ϰߺͬ齣
ֱʽ, ޱ϶һۣǲߣȻҪ˦һ۵, ɪɪ
ô˵ģԼ˯ʵˡ
ھУȫ̳ͨ, κ쳣
ǻիգܴظ
ٶٶأֱԼԳˡ
ǰ乬ʱһٱһ٣Եʣʣˣȥŷ͵Եģһͦˣ̼ʳ⡣
ûµģûµġ
һߺԼһǱĳд𾭣ֶ쳭ˡ
ٿޱ£˫Ŀأŷ飬ڽǰ˵ƽȣдʵо
ô¶
¡
ޱ۶ֻ̧
񣺡
ѾһûˣҲԭ
꾭ģޱ齼ЪϢֹȥһϴţͬ齡
Ȼˡ
񲻸Թԣһͷ뿪
ʵŴ齽ԶǱ߳ʮɵļƣ֪ΪҪϳȥ
δüϨƣ洫һɧңűӣɱǧ
˫ĿһݣѸٻޱǰ
Ī¡
ҲֹϻҪάȶ
ޱץסĸ첲֮
ţд̿ͣ
커ݣ
һʱ䣬ԺذѹѹһƬк´̿ͷ޾Ƶġ
ӦУ赲ס̿͡ɮǰݡ˫ţѷָ¡
£
ǱܣҪȥޱߣ;ͻȻĴ̿Χý
ֶһѱתӿˡȴ˲˷תĹ̿ǰлʤ
ۼнһ* ããɳ
סڱǣ
ٿ͵ϮĴ̿Ȼʡ
У
ʱµĴ̿ٶΧ˲òűӭС
ʯ֮䣬һ©ֱ֮ƴ빫
âֱ֣ޱ
һ˲ˣΪס̿ͣò¶书
ͽ̿͹Уѷָ¡
񣡡
ۼ˲ݣޱ֮ǹɡ
̬գѹ˲˼һ޸֮ΪͻȻ塣
ֶԷºֻ֣ǱޱҪҴ棬¶ԹȴϤ
⹦򣬷Ŷ룬ֽסޱ


һƴڴ̿磬⡣
£عҡ
԰գ׷̿Ͷȥ
ۼĳ뿪ߣޱ󾪣񣡡
Ǻ´̿͸Ӵܣɱеˣרܡ
׷ᣬͷ֤֮
ڣ˵Ľ䡣̿͵ͣסŲع
ӭжϣȴһץסУϣ̧Ⱦһţֱкڴ̿͸
ʱصĵȥѪֹ
ôôܡ
˫Ŀ΢ŵĵŵдʡ
񵱼ǰҿ£¶ݡ
Ȼ
Ȼû
㵱Ȼϣ
ŷݴЦ³Ѫˡ
ѵ⻷
ɱѽ
ʱնУȻЦˡ
ûϵ
ΣҲǲС
ۼ䣬ŷȴͻȻعⷴգ֪ıһذֱֱ̹
˻жԷԴϷ磬ŷҪ
أǵҪ
ֱȷŷûϢɿæ뿪һѻ䡣
ŷݲͬһ֮ѣĵطһطŷĸ
㱣ҡҡ׹һ˿ʶûԼ赹
һ¡
񣺡ϵͳǲ֪ŷû
ϵͳĵ͸ˣǾǹ⻷ġ
񣺡𣿡
ϵͳ
ʵڳŲסˣϥڵϣ߱ģ
ǰԼڻԼǰʵĳһĨٻӰֻ壬㳹ڰ
ԺڵľƵõƣʮ̿;æŴֳټɮˣʽյ쳣
Ѿ浗鿴ƣ˷ӽȥҩ
Žգޱңκ˿
²Ҫ죬ͭ裬Ѫ£ƵƵ
û°ɣôõ²̫Ծأ
дĿɮ붨̬֮
¹ﾡܰҩǣĲʡ
ڹ߶꣬ĵľڡ⣬ٶԡ
һǽ壬Ժ˲ٶϱڲԫбջٵҪɡ
ȻЩޱģȫ˼Ͷעĳ˯֮ϡ
ľˣһյ򣬺ӳޱաŴϵˣɫް·
˿Ѿҩˣϸɾ·˯֪ϦϦšüͷɫҰֽ˫Ѫɫ˯ţҲܿù
ọ̈̄ޱδˣΪ
ƺأƫ㣬
Ҳ֪˯˶ãƺμʵֻ乬ʱ¡
ΪԼڹǰơ
ɴʱûʲôţҲϵͳʾʧۡ
ģӳϤٻӰӰڴߵޱ
ãû
˫ɬЩۣ̫ˣ
ޱӰԹ¼ţ֪Щʲô
¡
ڣŬڡ
ֻޱһ٣Żعͷ
ӳ£ޱƱǰ
ֲõԤУʲôҪ¡
ȵȣϵ·ˡ
˭ģ
ټޱķӦﻹ֪ܲʲô
ʱʵǰôҲڸǲƭ֤
ˡ



59 
񱻶÷ë, Ժֳ︡廨ŵĳ˵òᣬӰԴˣ˼Ҹ, ׵ĺܡ
һŭ֮°˰ɣ
Ӧò, žȹء
˽ս, ȫȻԤⲻޱľٶ
Ҫġ
ޱԾһԲ, , ëȻ
񼹱ëֱ
ҪȻ˵ʲôҲð
, ޱˣԷſһᵽɤ۶, ﲻݡ
ǵء
ûκʣǼΪ϶ƽ, һһ, 
ޱ˼ǲŵóĽۡڷԼŮʱûо, ûΪеŭǾùȻˣĵĳԼԼĲ뱻֤ʵˡ
Եļʱ, ˺ܾ, ͻȻˡԼԵصĸѲ, ֻʱ
Ȼ˼, ͵ͬһˣɺϲܽ͵ͨΪʲô͵سǰơΪʲô֮غϵϰߡΪʲôĪ޴Ӿܾ
ʼ, ϲĶһˡ
ǵأ㲻ҶԲԣԽʬ, ұңǲǣ
ޱŹһ˿һϸ΢仯
ûܴޱҪ𾪡
ĳ彲¶ˡ
ޱִ飬ֻһȷĴ𰸣ڵͫ׷·̺ſ꣬·Ҫ˵һ֣˾ͳ׷ˡ
ޱȻʵںݲķϣҡͷ
ϵͳȻ棺ǲ𣿡
޹ˣԼµģҵ¡ҪôΪҲûа취
ϵͳʲôŮ¼
ʵڶסˣܳ𣿡
ϵͳԱȻ³ˣϾϣΥ档
̫ˡ
ǣޱεĿ⣬ĵͷ
ʱȻ䣬žһµڵֱϡƽﵭĮ˫ǧǳֻӳһ˵Ӱ
ޱϲѣ֪α飬ֱȥ˱סصصһ˿ǣûѹ˿ڡ
Ҳ
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
˫ŶӵʱƬܰ
ŲŲޱӵһþò֡˵һֱޱߵġɶޱطꡣ
ޱʵڲɿʧõˣСĶ˴
Բ𡣡
Ǹ⣬ôãȻܸΪʲô
ϵͳֻϣܱ¶Ŀ
ҵޱ⣬ĳϲ֮С
ûϵͺáֻҪһֱңҾͱˡ
ûӦʵڲ֪Լܲ
Χڱů͵ĲС˯ȴ˯ǿƤϺϣޱԼૡ
ܸܲңĸ
ޱû㻼ûʧϽ˵͵ûʰɣǿġ
ЦЦıȻ
ҽеأһаء
ɲǼ䣬ƺǰغϣޱ乬ʱССӪҶ˾мǿľԡ
һ¹ŮͻȻ˶֮ΩֲʱԾɶЦ
ʲô֣
ʮޱеҪס˵
ʱĵЦݲã峿ĵһ˵ͬĻ
ҽеأһаء
Ӵˣ־Ϳޱޱʱ򻹲֪Եز˲һĸ飬ȴ˽ԼһҪˡ
ޱЦҽ㰢ؿɺã
á
˵г̣òʱ԰¡ޱִٳǵ԰ⰲȫһ˿һĲ
ڼ䣬Ҫֻһ£ˡһκͿҩѷ֣ÿնɰҶÿκҩޱι˻۽Ҳûôˡ
˵ƻָĲǺѸˡޱȴܳ׷ģϵ粽룬գ۵Ĺƾʧ
ϢɣҾ
ǵȰ˵
ޱԹĿһִֵۣĲȥ
㲻ꡣ
а̾һӹȥˣҲȷʵ
Դ֮ޱƺﲻһˣԼرճ޲һʮʱһҹ£ޱΪñ˲֡
᲻䣿
ޱתͷһӣѱůůͺ͡
ǲ䣬е̫ˡ
ðһϸֲþܾĺ⡣
ޱ˼ϸ壬رȫ˼ϵʱϾܲ쳣
ǲﲻ
ó˿
ûУá
Цýġ
ޱȴȻңҲ̫չˣҪǲһҡ
ץס֣½չ˵ĺܺãġ
ĿԣޱĪӣæ֣װæӡ
ôԽԽɰء
ȥߡ
С
ޱһڣֱǿƣͣ£ĿڵδȬҪۡ
Լɷˣ˵ǣֻա
ҪǾġҸ㽲¡
˵ţޱЩͯ¶һԻ
æģ£ʲôҲǺġ
ֻأĹ˭
£Ҵͺá
ޱڴߣఴ̫Ѩⷦ
ˣôͻȻ书ˣ
ϵ̫࣬ʵ˺档
̾ɡ
ޱ˴ӱһ֪˵û׷ʡ
֪ôˡ
Ȼźú򣬲ȾЦ⡣
žè뿪Һĵ
ޱЦƵȻȥָһȦ
ԣһЦȴС˴۵ֱü
ޱ󾪣æ鿴ơ
˿ǲǣпֹ۵ҩ
ȴסţûôأûµġ
ģ
ޱǲģٴȷϵ
䴽ģʲôʱƭ
ߵĻû˵꣬ˡƭһǰ㣬˵Ǳȵġ
ޱδͬƽϣˣصȡϸ鿴˿ںö˶˵Ĳŷġ
Ҿ˵ˣûµġ
ۼĳԱôûûΣޱ̾
ˣǲչ˺Լ
԰µһ࣬ݶӭĵһѩ
ѩǲ·˱һףԶԶȥȻһɫ
ƴú󣬴̷س·Ͽг̣۳Ͷ٣Ӱ
ɫҰף֦ͷźʯ·ʪߣн
͵͵ȥѩһ⣬תͷͱޱץţڨڨջ
ޱֵ¯
ЦЦ§¯ԹԵȡů·;ңԶδȫָһˣӿޱ
˯ȵطҽ㡣
ޱţͬС˯
ԣ˫΢΢˵ͷɵĵš



60 
ѩͣ, ·ȴԽԽߡԶѩɽԣããһƬڡ, һ, ͬѩ׵ɺԡ
, ﱧ¯, ˿Ϻ, ޱǵ
·Ҫĺ, ü·ͽͶޣ̵ĵطֻƿ
ԭǴڵݽס, ˲֪ةжְ, ةδΡݴŽ, ˴ѳ˻԰
, ҵصķӣʱסǸˣЩС, ְ, 𵱵صޡ
˷һ˼, ƲСЦĶˡƼķλƿԶ, λüѡ
ӽ컨׹ɵ˵ط֪òȷԣ, 䲻Ǵ˼ң׵üҵʵסϡֻƺ˴, ǰĻĲݶ˰˸ߣŴȫǺĻҳ
´ŵʰòǿסҪ˵ӵ죬ƭ˵ĹҲûԩǡ
׵󣬵ϸζйùζҲʧ޵Ľ
ôûﲻ
ޱ̽Ķͷе
˴ձ˸ȣȥһҩ㽵£ɰޱĻˡ
Цӯӯַš
Һܺã²õġ
ڲ˿ڲۣθڸǺõĺܣܳһͷţ
ﻷѣǴպһޣվ̡
ԾЦãµġ
ޱʴӣĿշȣֺΡҲ֪˭ˡ
֣ȴյýܵԷĵ¶ȣȷⲻξ
ޱ˯ǰϲ飬ʹ⣬ϰȻš
΢ӳٻӰϵȰˣԳ麣ҹ
£ðˡ
ޱ̧ʱæᣬ
Ŀŵһ࣬¿Ҷ°Ѵůˡ
˵⣬ġޱʱȾҺ죬ͬ͸ˡ
仰塣ĳȴ󷽷Ľһ
ޱӣȻůͼˡһ̣סԴľѡ
֮۵׽ޱƾܣܸоԷϲö֮޿֣ŻҪš
ȵϢ䣬ޱˣؿ
˵Ҫޣ
ѽұŵ°ޡ
Ȼ
ޱһû취ô˯¡
ԭΪǸƽҹû뵽ʱޱʲҵõʱѡ
ôˣجˣ
񵱼´ƣתһƣޱͷ󺹣ʧɫȻܵ˾š
¡
ɫصޱߣ䱧ס
ûˣΡ
ޱƽץסĸ첲δ
ֹ

ǰΨߣôŹ֮˵ɴԽͲôᶨˡ
ԣйѪӴ
ԣһƣס¡
/˰ɣ
׳ŵȥյʲôûС
ɿûȫġа裬쳣ڽ﷢һб֬¾ɶɫ
ޱӹ֬ϸֱ棬ԼĪʱ̫ˣ治쳣
סʱ´˴ɨˣȥԭĺۼµı졣ԭ˵ķ裬ˣʫǻ֬ˡ
֬ҲǱ˵ģסˡ
ޱ²סһԷޡ
ΪȻĵͷпܣǰסһ˼ңΪĳԭˣ˲ˡ
ɫȲ̫ޱ𰣬˰ѣŹκһ䡣
ֱСģϣѳʲôֲϣѳʲô֤ʵȷʬӡ֤˲²⣬Ҳ̫ˡ
Ժ䲻󣬽ǰԺͳһѹδҵκʬ弣
ѵǶˣ
ĴȻ䣬ںԺһǰ˵·ݵѾʼ䣬ǰԾ롣
ȥ£ԭرQȦ
ʲôأ
ޱ
̧ͷָ
ڿơ
֪òжڵȺµ
ޱʱһӵϣڴ·
֪˶ãȻ˴һ
ж
ţصİ׹ǰ
룬ɶˡ
ڳһ߰׹ǣͷʴڣĿġ
סޱߡ
沢ۣǱõƼ
죬ϣִﵱűܿصһʱ˲ֳʬ
ʱԶܵóޣȷΪԣʮ굽ʮ֮䣬ʱһꡣͷˣ飬ж
ûסˣ˼̶ĵܸͬʱܿ˴ʻ֪ҲޣǸǰҪϢ
ǰסһպĸ˼ңү⾭̣ʶԺһҷˣҡ
ԭΪʢܿضǵ⻧˼ҡǰү⣬ķС檣һղһաֱж˽ɢŶŮˣҲת˷⡣
֪լˣʵ飬ѽ
ӣ̲ס̡
ܿæڲ鰸ִ߽ѰҺԼҵ䣬ֻǿš
£ӡ
һӣֱιޱ
ѹѹ
òܿȥɣȥˣΪóԵġ
ޱƽˣ³
ȥͺã㲻ҪҶ
Һء
ԥƬ̣Эֻˣܿ԰ɡ
֪вסޱûǷιԡ
㲻ܼǹչңҲҪչ˺Լ
ιԲĹĵģûտڻػֻգ۵ͷ
ޱ״һЦӣֱҡͷſϰݡ
⹦µŴСˡ
ƼĳЦԹָӣ񲻽ü
߶ϣݲȵĵͷ
˵ձһ٣Ҫȥùˡ
ֹţҵӺóū澾Ͷˡ
µĴ𰡣
ţ𰡣
𰽫óһӡ䵗űߣʰ࣬
˭֪ޱͻȻӣšü꣬صķϡ
𰣬ҿ
˾һ㶣ֻǲҪңͽһ顣
Ϊ𾪣ͷȻ
¿ɵˣͳЯĽ𶧡ͬķ󿪣ͷȻҲǱ˰һͭǮǼٵġ
ǱƭӰһ



61 
һʱɱȥ, ؽֲ̽ǰǰ󵽹ʮӣҴڼ/ҡ
ޱ˰ѲܿٻϰĹʶǰ
ƿô/, ܿص治֪飿
, ޱƽ֮Ȼŭ
ܿͨһ, £ְʧ, ְĲ֪鰡
ϵ, µط, ҲѹԩٴƵ
ݺᣬޱ޶, ֻ, һ𸴡
ա
ܿ¶ɫ, ޱѹ֮²ּۻֻۣߵ
ƿǮٲΰ, ֪ǴӺʱʼģǧͷܿĴңòв̽ӵͬʱ, 㳶˸, ڸǹȥ
ޱ, ʶЭ
±, Լӣ໮
һ˱ճ, ð
ޱû˼ԣɨһ, ɫ
԰ɣҲ
´絽ڶûԶôأ
һתӡ
Һ͵³һ룬һףһסҪǲԣҲˡ
Լ룬ޱòЭһһףܿ˵ס
ԡ
õСȴĹѲǵꡣ
ޱסһ
˵˭ԣ
ҹԣҹԡ
æģԼȳ
ҺֻһС̲ţȻǾ͵úˡ
ĥţһǵ̲ƭˣòܿһܣĹϽ£Ҳԩ
ڷЭ£/Ұδۣ/ʬ˽չ
ѰĺˣڻָգʩӡʩӴһ˫ŮסƿнʣʹӡүķѸȥ뿪ƿ
ʩӱܿشʻڼԴ̸ֻүʱȴһ֪ƵүʧٺˣֻǲɢʹӣլԺծ
ʻڼ䣬ޱ˾ڸܿص̸
ӺףҲûʲô
ūʩƺˡ
²
ȴүȢķˣ޸ƽʣΡ
ޱӲҲǷ޲
˿ʩӵĶˡ
ͷķҵҲųǵĸС檽źų¡
ûū˵λʮ
ҳ̣¿С
ԭǿӪͺүĳַʶ
ޱ˫Ŀ΢ڣ˼
ʩ֮󣬼/ҰҲһ˿ˮ档ܿ˳ϣӼҵϰ죬˼/ƿͨԴͷ
˲ǱˣǺү
үȥ⣬֮ҲǼ/ƿʼֵʱ
ޱšüӳġ
ԣһȻԭᵽģƵֶΣ֮һԼ档
ƿ¶Ҳֱʰɣ
¶ôѹأ
üչŹ˴ϻۣ϶뵽ֻҪһ
ʲôüͷ
˵ţޱԴ㲻ҪЩ
ܾޱƺɴˣ޲ȫ
ǵ֮ǣҵķ֮¡
Ȼס֣Լ
¾ã˭Ǯƣ
𰸷ǳȷǾʸˡȥޱĻ־Ƕ˵С
ܰ쵽طôȦƣıԶǣ˼ܣޱѾ˼ƽϡ

Цˣ´ϻۡ
±ĵطֹƿ
Ҫһ⡣
˵ţޱǰ
󣬡Ϊī
ޱһţ԰˰ӼͻسСҪնҪôӸԴ֡
ܿؽͷö鰸* ʱޱϽй䡣/֮δ©Ȼ֣Ȼ֪
ѩڣһΪ¥ĵط˵ƿĲ¥
սţСӭͣȥ¥ż䡣
Ҫһ裬ӼСʳ¥´ϣǷ׷׽кá
䣬һע⡣õŮһԼˣȴˣ߶ݡ
͹٣͸߱ˡ
æסСλǺˣ
СĽܵʮﰡ͹ٴ֪ܲ˶ϵǰַףȥˡû뵽̣ҷݲ͸һӴˡ
ޱһۣʮ
뿪ƿ𣿡
Сȵ˵ԣȥߵģ֪ʮﻨˮ̶һ깦򣬾ͶˡⲻֻӪ
ǸƵģޱݸһЦˣͱü򵥶ˡ
Ҫλ¥
ޱʾóһӣͬʱָСһȷѡ
СͲ̶۶ҪЦûˡ
ϣСϾȥ
ǮʹĥСЧʼߡŽʮ͵϶¥ż
ޱҲûͬҴţżɽŵºһʿɹ۵İǮ
ûԥʮͽһһʮ¶
ԭͺүʶżΪָʹӽүǺˣҲʩӡ
ԽԽô˼ˮ̫ÿ˵˼Ǿʮ䣬ֲùܾɵ
Ҳ֪ģūҲЩŰ
ʮ̾
˺˵ӣɹúүԼģΪĵķҡҲǺָʹܺүͬһʶһƭүǮɼٵģʵǺתƼҲ
/ҷҵĺүҲڼ/ϣȻعζ˲ʧʮﱻ˰аţõһӣ뿪ƿ
ūԾʵūҿûɱˡ
ʮĻΪʱ¼ڲᣬתܿشͬʱʩǰϵһգŵٴʱнʣԼŮʹӶˡ
ʩӱóƿĺǿԡŵǰһգѺӽʹӣ̲뿪ƿͶǡ
ʮĹʣʩӹϲ䣬үɱģǶ·үңԼǰһգͣԼˣͰԺĴ¡
һе򣬶Ϊ޶˻ԹġүΥ˵ֻһ˵ĳŵһٶ檣ʹʩӲͷ
ˮʯܿصɴñҲԱȫЩм/ҵ˼ңɵŻȡһʧɳ͢е
뿪ƿ֮ǰޱúõһΡϻص鲻ͬЯȥŶļУһҳӡ
չʾĿʽȹ۾쿴ˡ
£Լ˹
ҪޱңԽ·ĵط
ͼӳһĨٻӰɵ߳Щ˼΢졣
ޱǰתȦÿ𣿡



62 
þûŮװ, ȻϣеΥĸо
һϮ̴ɫ֯ȹ°ڼͷ, ˿·, Ե׾, ס
þòޱӦ, ˼ĵͷ
ôˣÿ𣿡
֪, ޱûӦΪóڵŮװֵǿ̣ǰĵغϡ
, ޱ䴽ǳЦÿ, رÿ
񱻿佱ɺЦ, Ⱦ졣
ޱָ, ȫһԼ
ٴδȻһװȹ, ˮɣȹƣɫë, ˿ȥࡣ
Ц, ҾҲÿ
ޱƬ, в֮ɫ
, ÿ
ܹԹѣޱȫˣ˰ͻزܸ
¸Ǯʱƶ, Լҵ´Ѳ٣ΪͻȻϲװ磿
ޱֻǰ, Ӱ
ڴ˵Ⱥ򣬱ͬȥתת
ԥǡ
ǰȻء
ޱ˼Ƭཻ̣һ䣬Ѻɰ¡
ֲܲǮ
ǣ͵͵ĴӺ뿪ˣԴѡ
·˽ԽͬУ캮ضʱܺ
£ޱͷϣӾŵȥתƣǰǰȥ̣Ϊѡ֧ޱ̾һֻϡ
»򣬵Ͻ뿪ӡ
£Ѿܶˡ
ޱֹģҪƷˡ
ޱΪȻϺÿȱǮ
֪²ȱǮ
ѳζڣһ
ٺãҲȵҺá»ȥһֻ
ޱ˼Ƭ̣ͬ飬ûٰܼҡ
ǣ֣Ǻ«ڽй䡣ĿСԣ̲סҪһлӡ
ʵǸʳɻģ˲òĶ
ĵӣƯˣرޱ䡣
ڼ䣬ޱĿδƿĶԲۡ
ֱƻɺ˰ԭ·سµ˻ϡѸٻװ磬Ѵزܸ
һ磬̣ƺƵ뿪ݳǣ;ѩɽ¡
ɽ·᫣ȴǽӹɽͣһСǷɺӡ
ƿӣһСϵ֣˭֪·Žգͷֿŵĵָ·ಢС̯ȴ˲ؽ֮ˡ
ǴСĺͯƼݣġ
ô£
񲻽ɻ󣬼ȻӦʫ黭СŶԡ
ޱ˳ķȥü
ͻȻһȺ·ڣʳ
£ӦΣ
ԣȺʾ¡
ǸǳʳͻиӿǲԵ̫Į
ޱɫ΢ѳĸøǣͽЩ
ǣ
һ£ͣ·ߡǲʳｻÿȻѶԽԽ࣬·Χ¡
ˣ
Ҳ֪˭һɤӣӵʳİշ׷׹ؿͷǵɹΰݡ
ͷƼޱУ׸Եɡ
ǹ·𣿡
ԣޱ¶һ˿

̫ѵˣڲˡ
ɺؽֻģһȻˡ
֪ԭԼҵּ֪ģԭոطĲıϡ
µıԶǡ
㲻ҵ
࣬ǵޱؽְŴľðŶȡʳ
żУа
ʱԶһصĽŲ͵͵ƣһװˣӦԸĹٸ
Ⱥˣڴң
ķ۶Լñ˹ܣ

񣿡
ټʶ٣Ҳϵʽһ۾ϳˡ
ֽ߶ǻ֮ˡ
Ǻһ¹
С۲ʶ̩ɽ
·Ҫȥۡ
ɺصξͳͳϡˣֻء
ŹͼݵĵڸӭӡֳֽĹŮӣֻһˡ
μ£
൱ӭ븮У׵þƺò˵д
ʳ븮ȴǴӦоС
ޱλŭ
ϵΪ˶ࣿһ˵𣿡
һػ
ɺֻģա͢ɹȴξ˽̣Ǳְʧ죬ˡ
Ŷξ
ޱζʵ
ĵ·ģξѾù鰸ְ೯͢ն
ޱͷ¶֮ɫ
ϵ񣬷ν
·ģվͿðǶӡ
ԣޱЦһɣʲô
ǣл¡
ϯ䣬Ϊ˲˵ƣڲѣֻͼڹǰºӡ
ңֻʣ¶ʱʳɻ
µ÷û⣿
ޱڴͷĿ
δ֪
ϴ齣Ҿ÷ˣԲĺܣܻ᲻ˡ
ޱ̧ЦӯӯĴȤǰضˡ
ѽ²Ҫ٩ң˵ء
ޱ࣬˼簤ż磬߽һյ谵ӳ˵Ӱӡ
ޱЦⲻ̧Դϣǰ
ϵģˡ
Ҳǣ˯ǰƻجΡ
˳§ס˼ҵϸıȥԴһᣬޱͷһ˿϶
ԽԽޱҲϰߡ㱻ʵҲܰȻ˯
ԳУֿǰʳųɳӣͷ
һҲʩĶ飬⿪ӣŰӺͷ
ͬޱһӣְæϳǰһշʳġ׷ΧԾųӡ
Ƕ̫ˣȺкһ͵Ůӻ赹˳򣬽űǺͯĿ
ùãùѰ
СŮԼĪ꣬ĴȺܵ
˵æȥסóһ·
СŮײײޱǰѾ޳ɸ˶
ŮȾ



63 
ޱµ˽εŮ̧յ, ߣΡ
ĹСŮڿ
Ů, ùû𣿡
ޱ, ʵڲͬӽ, ɸɰͰ˵, ᡣ
İ, ҽտҽ, һκĹùá
һοСŮֹס
õݱֻ͸СŮ˲롣
ȴ, ŮʵһЩϢ
СŮѩеĹùʵ
үүġ
ѩŲ, 档
ù˵, үүץˡ
ֱ𰸽ģ
ѩ̫С, ҡҡͷ
õλùáǲ֪ϸڡ
вޱصĸֻش, ֻһ, λùʱˡ
ȻǶεġ
, Ͻ˸ιȡ
еĽӹ, ȥҲžˡ
лˣ
˲Ѿæߵлкͷ, ɫġǼĲ̫ˣϰ߳Ȼ
ùã
ѩ˽˻, һһСһ𣬷·ٺ
˵ޱߣҾﲻ˵ĵط
ޱͷʾ£˴ط븮
Ȼ븮֣Ŀ¶֣ͬС
ͬޱʱ⣬ڸ˼ҵ̣ϰһӣڳط
Ժ˲ЩԺµıסѩҪƵġ
񻷹һܣָޱ߷𰰲οǲܵˣǵͷ
ǲغ£Ǵӳģ;˵أּģž°ҡ
ɫҷСѩ˵Ѱүүġ
˾ɲĴǣƺʲôش
ӣǴӳģ϶ȵصλȨذɣ
ͷȻ
䣬Сѩڵء
Ϊξԩξû˽Ǳԩġ
Ȼ뵽СѩҲա
ãξտСӡǰξĶӶϱ⣬ֻСѩ꣬ξֱСѩ꣬޴Ϊ
ޱûȷ̬Ǽʡ
˵ξԩģк֤ݣ֪˭ݺģ
ò븮õ£Ȼû֤ݡ
ֻ֪ξǺˣһΪ񣬾¡
˵Ҳ飬ɿտƾ޴ӷ
һҧξأ
ⲻ֤ݡ
ޱ
ýĵڵأãȻʧ롣Сѩĸ첲ֱСް
һƽ֡
ʲôã֪ξ˭жԹ𣿡
ԹǰһȻһ¡
ԣξʱְأɺصĵͷۣͬͻ
ɺ壬Һҡ׻˵ǿѹͷߣξΪάգǡ
ԭɵľǷû뵽ֳ塣
ޱ˽һһСȥ¡
ңһΪذվûв֪ǵġǻֱԡǷʳʵ̫ˣ˲ĴͷʳţȿֺĽҷСваŮǿձѵȣֱ顣
¼״õ򿪵ĵ̵ַ
ҿĲʲôӣǶķ
վڽͶķǰʱ̽Ҷ
ͷɱָä
㿴ӰӾ磬ķڣֻǿ֣ŵһϲͨϾùӲմġ
ͷǰȺͬͷּˡͽΧһ£ɱۡ
񲻽סӣģ̫ˡ
ͷһ𣿡
ӭǰֻŵѯʡ
ͷȥΨһװ磬ֲþʹʡ
Цһ̾ͱõǰ
Ӳעһ졣
ǮûˣԸ̡
ͶȥĿ⣬˭ȾĲᰡ

һ֮䣬ӭ˴۹ǰ
ҼҹӲͨ˵һᡣ
ƳԾ֮࣬ܿ컻һЦգϾǮ׬ͺã˭ܿŮ
ͽǳˣͻȻλŮӣעĿ
ɿ˵ޱ࣬䡣
ͬʱעĻңһͷȥ֡
սͶķĹأӮöԼܻ÷Ǯܼķϰ塣
ǵϣڷˡ
ва
ûס
Ҫˣǻ᲻ᱻɨسţ
ޱ治ɫ֪
룬ˣͷ˾֪вС
ͽȫעĶĿȥ죬ôһ˿˲Ĵѡ
ĵߣ˳ޱǰŲһס˵ߡ
ܿ죬ǾûմɫˣֻޱӮ˶ע

̲סޡ
¶һ˿ײǳЦ
ԼǿԵüķϰ壬Ҳǽҵˡ
ƽȥ¥ò裬Ժ
ȥʱ䣬ϰδ¶档
ʲô˼
²Ұ⡣
ˮδķĲ˭֪ʲôèء
񾯾ĻܣԷ⡣
£Ҿò̫ԡ
ֱ˵ز˾
ޱϣȥ
ʱһ׳˶Ŵ롣
ݣ
γһ
ޱԱߣ··ٲһٴ򶷡
ҵҲԶһЩȭ/š
ǰԺ⽣ӰԺءŵ·֮ͼǽܡ
һŰͬ뷭ǽˡ
۾壬ҲҪ߰
ӱһһһСɿ
Ӿûˡ
һ𰡡
ɷ˵ԷķҲȥķ
ǰޱȫ͵Χǽ棬ٷһѡ
ȵж£ƵƵҾ
лڡ
ȵȣҲͽг𣿡
ĿԥûУֻǸ˷
˷
۾һ֤ݾǰ

סȥ·ҵһˡ
ö֣󺧣ŻҪӡ
񲻵òšĸ첲ǽϡ
˵ˣߡ
ǵñ֡
вðգһҪ֤
⹦򣬷˸ͬǻϣӽͶķѾסˡ
£ܹһʮˣܻ񡣡
ޱһͷȥá
˷˿Уɴ粽ޱߡ
㿴ҿԱġ
ޱ´һ飬ȷûˣʧЦ֪ˣ
õ佱ʱǣޱ̧֣ͷͦ߳ײϵĲ



64 
̶̰, ҵļԱù鰸˵һѺã䡣
ɱѾ㹻ųն, ټ˷֤, ﲢ, 졣
ޱԽɺŲ, աҵļסѶ, ȫг˷ΪԱк, ˱ϣΪԼ
ʽָϷǴ˴ŲĻıɱΪ幷ǽĽ
ռ, ˰ݺ, ͵, ڼһɱ׮׮ǳŵ
ޱδֱӽ᰸, ͷξ᰸ٽ븮ļҲ乫, ÷ɺذ, ȼü֮
ճξ, ͷ, Ǳĺܡ
үү
Сѩ˽ξ۴
ۼһžۣޱվԶ, ȥʱ
ޱٶηɺ, ƺȫȨξ
ʱޱȻڷɺͬٽĿҲš
ιͶƣ̰άյֶߡ
æŸ·뿪֮ɽ·򱱡·ϽЪһΣż˵ɺ֮£Ե´ΪĹۡ
Щ֮ΪԺ
ҵ±ξķˣӦڹȥУǸӦùעĲŻ
֮ǰǽѩɽ壬ѰصĴ峤ҽޡ
峤󣬼ֻϱŮܹˡʷֳɶСԺԺš
Ѽ춼ڶԺԺ徻峤ÿͣܿͽʰѱȫµġ
ǸǮ񣬴ܼµģ峤Ǹ߿һۣٹһĹš
ҲûʲôóԵģ׵ĸӱ
峤Цմı׼һũҲȡ
ʢ뼦һڣɢļζ
Ļܺóԡ
ϲͺãʲôҪľܸ˵
峤ͷϻ̳Ͽֵ뿪ˡ
ԺȴͻȻһ󴵴֡죬ڰʲôϲ¡
³ȥתһȦʱһ硣
л˼ڽףǶء
ԭǰϲ°
ף϶Ҳųһơ
ֻӭ׶ĵĴԺǰɹٶŸͷ컨Ц̫ӡ
⹦򣬻͵ܳӣĿ֮ƿͷڵŻ²ֹ
ͻıΧ۷׷ס޹ȻֹĿⶼͶעӵϡ
ˣϲŸϽؽӡŵǿܿӵòò毺ãȴ˫Ŀʮ㲣ľż
ɣϲ£˭ӻ״̬ǿŮɣ
ܿ죬ӭ׶ٴĵ嶫ͷн·ղʲôû
żȢϱ
峤ͬǽͣҺСףⲻҺӶͣŸϽϲ°ˡ
ԣһҪá
˼ʱһݺӵĿӱȻתպƼڴ峤Ůӡ
Ů黨裬¶һ˫ۡæ㿪
СŮûˣλʣ֡
峤ЦתŮˡ
ǲ·ձҪ뿪δϸ¡
˻ȥϷţϺͷ
ʱ䲻ˣ°Ъɡ
ޱкȥǰԼ¡
˶𣿡
ˣһ㶼ۡ
Цӯӯģţصػ
ޱȴҪۿ¶ͷǳɫԼĿڵİ̺ۡ
Ŀڴ˺µģЩ
̧֣ĸ˺۱Ե
¡
񲻺˼ĵͷ͸졣
̫ðɡ
ϵͳ
ޱۣϸԺҪԼˣ𣿡
ã·ġ
ˬӦһúñºԼġ
ţޱȻϵڰ̺ӡ´ӡ
ļͷŶһ£ʱ١
ޱ̧ͷ٣ƻ촽
Ϊңǲǣ
ϸ彲ǵġ
ûлشĬϡ
ӳڶ࣬
һ֮䣬æȥš
˳ϣ峤Ů
Ժùͺͺѻ֦ͷУһࡣŮ֪վ˶ãСĺ˵ģ̲סȡů
ôң
ﺬߴӵĵͷһȺĺ
ɾġ
ʱЩ֣ӲǣҲǡ
˭档
ޱ˾ʹ
Ѹٽ뷿У˴֡
ϵĸģɾúúٸɾ
ֱ񣬵񲻸һͷӲͷƤǰ
ĺ⣬ҺˣվҪ̸·ˡ

ʧɾˡ
һ־类񵱻϶ɱҡ뿪һ
ȻĿԾϣм* 
Цתͷᡣ
ޱüһ˲Ƶ
أ̫ˡ
ԩģ
ۼ̬ʹ˼ʹһݣֱޱұһ¡
ޱԭأһʱҪ׷ʲô
ٺЦҺܹԵġ
ӦޱŭȾһ㱡졣
ҪҶǲҪġ
Ȼ
Ȼ˳һ¡
£ޱѾ͸ƻˣԲϾʹ˰ݡ
ǰǷⴽǳֹ
УޱǷѣ׳У޷԰Ρ
ʣһӳ΢Ĺڱ໥ţѷ֡
ޱڵУˮһ˫ѰѷŵСԺ
£ҪҪЪѽ
ָ˼һ˿ִ˲ƣİ档
ԣޱ̧ӯһ飬ƺס
á
峿Ǳͭѵġ
һɧңӵ⣬Ը
ʲôˣ
ޱ۾ʵ
˸Ƿ§
˭֪أûС
˶𴲣ڴ˺һǵǿ˴ϴ¡
ọ̈̄ޱûۣҲһָ
׵Ŵ򿪷šʱµſغΡ
˳֡
ױޱԾǸ䲻ޱҹ顣
£ϲµǻ˼ҳˡҹɽӡ
Ϊ𾪣ôﻹɽءҲ̫ùˣǱֱ°ߡ
żҵĶӱųˣ˭ҲɽҪˡ
̾ԼҲΪ˶ⶵӡ
ϣޱеɽҪˡ
ʶͷܾԼҵڹɽĻᡣ



65 
ɽ亮Х, ˻𡣲Ļѩӳɽ·߲С
峤ɽķ˿̾˴, ײɽ, ɵҪ°һŮӡһ˵, ɽ˴󵱼ʵǳ˵, Щ°ȥŮӽʬ޴档
Դľ, ҲΪ档û˸ɽҪˣǵŮӡ
ץޱ, а벽סŰɽ硣
ºα, ɽµϢҲһġ
ӹߣε, ǽСˡ
, г⡣
ޱֵ·ٲ, ҲҪһ⡣
в²𽥳Σԭĸ½һȺçа, ĪǾѩɽϣ
˵ϰɽ, Χ߹Ȧ, ڷֲԾ
Ǻԭشת
;, ȻȦֻصԭ㡣
ⲻǴ˵еĹǽɣ
²ֹ
šüԶԣŶݼ֮˱˵ۡ
ڱС˵￴, ĲŻŶݼסû뵽ײˡ
ȥ, żѻȸ̤УͷϷ·𱻾޴Ӱ֣滮ֳ磬⡣
̫аŶˡ
̲סս
ֻ֪ķ֧
Сģ
ޱ͵طֱײʯ
أ
ޱ
ƿһҡҡͷûµĵ¡
ײĺ۰
ЭͬӣˢˢνӭԽԽƿնмܡ
ݣ
ޱܣ˶Ϻ
Ǵؿ֣ܵϡ
ɽˣǹɽֵĸˡ
ޱʵܲˣĳô¡
⹦򣬶ǰӳ⣬һȺԲ׳־ٻѣΧΪ֮˸ɷ۵׵ɲ
ҵģץסˡ
˿ܶŲǰϸǡ
ͷ׳ĲɽҪˣɸСӺСǿЦ
ޱվĻܡ˲ƵС
ɽ˱ƽޱǵǰߡ
ǲǴˣǳǵˡרΪ󵱼Ҷͨ
ȻףԼҵ¡
ôˮıϼ
ԣɫ΢䣬ȴǲм
ǵˣͷһˣǴ󵱼Ҳġ
̫ӺҲç⡣ǵĴ󵱼ҵǺˣﲢδϸ˵
ޱɫ룬һͨһΪá
ٷϻۼǴ󵱼ңȹء
˵ţγֱָˡ
ǣһҹУ
Ҫǰͱޱס
ء
ͷޱЦ£ӭ϶ҵĺС
ӭ
ָ̡
ʵķҲûף˵ֻӲͷƤϡ
˽֮ʣԱɽһ䵶ཻŷӡ
Ҹעٶ辶˱ѷָ£ȴҧгݡ
һ¸ɵСûռ˿ˣڵǰ档
Сģ
ޱһâէ֣Ҳ֪ıһ֧÷ڣ͵Ϯ
ʯ֮䣬һĨٻӰŵ㿪
ݵһ÷ھֱĿϡ
ƫͷͼұߵӱһӡ
ˡ
ȴ治ɫС˲ʹ
û¾ͺãް
ͱޱϡ
أû°ɣ
ӭĳ˵ǵĿ⣬ǳЦûµģ¡
һͷҲ¸Ϲ
𰣡
ŭĵŶң͵Ϯʲô£
ҲΪܣһνӡ
ˣֲӢۺúںʲô֮һ仰Ҫ󵱼ҳӮңĹɽȥˣҵۡ
ű߿ת˲ϣֱɽ˶š
Ҫ䣬㡣
ã
ٴξٵһ
ʱһˬŮƽ֡ЩɽȻ±ץƵʴӡ
Ҫٱȡ
յˣȻѾˡ
סǵȥ·溬ŭɫĵɽˡ
˵ٱˣɱˡ
ŮӳŶԴϾһƣԣ
׺ݵĶ˲ϢģЩη塣
ǣסˣɩӡ
üöҺɩӵģǲǴ󵱼ҵӣ
ŮӽѵǣתޱǰʱȻ¹
Ůμ¡
һ˽һ
ޱҲ뵽ϵñ
Ů
ȻڷɺصѴԱƲˣµկһ𡣡
ɩӷˣ޸ҲӡŻŵļ»ںţһ仰Ҷ˵
̬תֱϣЩزζδէɸ߶ȾĻڹΧ
󵱼Һ󣬵֪ǰԼҵΪμɽ
ѩկ󵱼ұܣǴǹصܽ졣պ丸ǵ񽫣Ͻʵ֮Ů
ʵۻӹ޵Ψףʹü鳼ҳ·ʶһҳԳʧǰ׷ǹٷ磬¡ڵʱ˿ãòãӦԷĲҪ
ɽϵĵǣǽ־ʿԼԩŲͶķѩկ
ɽҡ
ܴ󵱼ϯ϶θж£ȴһתܾޱа
򽭺ʳáܴӦ£ʵڶԲס
ޱĳ⵽ˣһѵãʵۺĵĽʿǺȼϣ
ϯܴ󵱼Թ֮дˣܵڴ˵Ϣס£סöûϵ̸
Ӻ󣬵Īһ˺Լ˼ԭͬĽü
ٽԷǰڿޡŲӣϲԭ¡
ҪˣֻһСӡ
ɰͰ͵Ľš
һһ߲ģ޵ˡ
СġʲôСӣһжأ˵ʲôΪұأƭ˵ġ
˰죬ﲻһ˵Ļֻʵੲݡ
ⲻǡΪ˵¡
һȻҪ£ܲҲԼ
Ҽסˡ
ĵļסˡ
һ˵·ܾ÷𰿴µ񲻼򵥣ԭˡ
ô˵ҲΪ˵ģúúøл˼ҡǲ˼ٯٯˡ
תݣޱԡӣͱ˴ˡ
ҸλͲˮ
ſŮӣȻ졣
ⲻǴбɽ°ߵӣ



66 
մĴ, ӦѾɥȪȻö˶˵վǰһˮ
ʱͬ, ȥ, ľȹ, ݹ, ػ, ǴЦ⡣
ԭ㣬Ǳ°ߵġ
֪, ˵ܴ󵱼Һͺˣƽ޹°Ů
Цͷ, Ըɽģֹ, Ĺ, Ըߵġ
渵֪Ϊӻҵǰ, ɽ²ҩˣĺӵˡʱ, ֪еĺʵһȺӢۡ
ҰлԼ, Ը, ȴ޴ӷ˻, ޷ڴȥӡ
ȻƵƵͷ, ˵ˣָǡ
еͬһ, Ը޸֮ˣеǱżŰţеǱӹģתĹ
ἰ£̾Ϣ֮˿֮ˡǺӸҪկĿԶסæ֯ģҲ˰ȥ
ԣԺӵľ֮ԽϵסԺܳΪѡ
ߺ˹ӿһ𣬾֦ž졣
´˵ܽ
ԣޱ·г¶һĨڱصõЦݡ
һӦġ
˼üѾ˵ˣ
δֻǡ
ӣתͷ˼ϰһڡ
¿˵
ޱ΢죬еЦȴ
˵˺ӣҲ͵˵ܽ
ɻ󲻽⣬ǵúͬģ
ϽǹҲǱ͢͸ģôȼϣ
ޱ۰ҪתԴϣΪҶ˵ҪʢҿԸҲֻܸ
ºʱ̸ͬģô֪
ѵʲô
ޱЦ̰Եʱ򡣡
У
ʸڷϣɻȷʵϯ䴹ӣ˺ü顣
ޱͻȻ̧֣Ķϣʳˡ
߳ŭޱѹסϮ˼ҵ⡣
Ҳ˵ġ
ޱЦҶȴô㲻
ء
أҴˡ۸ҡ
ڰݣ§ڴͷʱ֮Ϣȣ˿΢ң˫ңһߢģ
ޱֵĵһۣ
һʱ嶯񲻵òһû˼ңֱޱͷ˲ӵ˯¡
գܽޱԤϰͬ˳ֻǹ˳
ӾƱޱҵԸ׷£һգҵȱ˳һա
˵ţܽ˦һ۵æ͡
ƵУ͵Цû뵽ܽԭǸ޹ϡ
˫ʽˣѩկ£ŮܹˣֲءɺӴͷؽ־ʿԼļ־ͬߣṴ̶̊ʱ䣬ճһ֧Ķ顣
ޱʣľΪΪ൨ġ
ΪףӺկ˾ٰһʢ칦硣կþƺò˷׷裬Ů٣Կɼ롣
³ɽʱе
԰գܽƣͷоơ
һߣҲѺŶⲻǡ
ޱ󷽵޷ҲΪ˱կӣ򲻳ɽ
ҺٺЦţϵĵ̶űû
Լǡ
ţͱӵͷһ鳣˲࣬ŶϹ
¶еԷ
ȴˣɡ
˸壬ɵţ˼ල£롣
Ҳ֪˭˿Ʈ䣬裬䵽ޱͷϣơ
£Ұ⿪
ÿ˿ȥ˰Ҳû⿪
ǰ֯ޱ΢ȣһԼʧ̬
˵İΣ˿ͺһͬͷ
ڴ͵Цܽղ
ò׽ˣȴҲ֮б
񲻺˼ЦΪ´
ƹѲõѶᡣޱˣ˼ڵһ̬
ºˡ
ûźȣȻ˭չ˹¡
ûУҺѡ
ޱ̧ʪ뵣˿˿ί
Ŀڣ˵ĶԣǻٺٱǺȶհɡ
ޱЦ۾ļͷС
կ̫ܺˣҹƴƣǻȭ
ðװ
˴ᱧǰϯ
صͷޱŰű죬סһ
һ˯
Ȧסò˳齱ߡ
ǽ£
֪ͯ¶˰
ޱܲˣִֵ§Ŀڣôɵ
أҺøˡ
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
ˡ
ı¸ˣҲˡ
ޱҪĸܲɷֵ֣ϧѾٽˡ
£
񱻲ĺȴˤȥ
ãޱɿת࣬һ˲˲ĶҪ
һֱͺáһֱڣҾͻúõġ
Ӧһţһֱڡ
ޱЦˣ٣ɷƶͷۣȴԾɲЪš
þû㳩ˣ˷ܹͷ
˯񷴶ԽԽƣ
֪Ϊʲôоۡ
ôôأ
£Ъɣ
ޱҡҡͷҪ
ʧЦƵĵԵĺӣͷۣмֿɰ
ʱȻ֣Щĵ¡
ʲô£
ǿԴ
ޱͷ룬Բôתֻҡͷ
Ҫȥǣ

ɽϿãƣҹǿ貶Ŀ
á
˵ʲô˵ãΨ˯
ϵģ캮ضͷô죿
պ壬Ҿĵ£˯
ޱҡͷϷ֡
ѵô˵ӣ˯
˯ˣ¡
ͷԻˣҪ
ɣҪɣҲ̫Щ
أ
ޱȻɫǷ쳣˲һ롣
£Һۡ
˯ˣȥǺ𡭡
δ䣬񾹺׵ȥ
أ
ޱסеĻ˺üѡ˺ϢصޱУĲ񻰡
ˣ



67 
ԭϲķѩկһʱ, ˴඼֪£һǴ£Żܴ󵱼Һͺ, կӳڡ
ͷŽ, , ſΧ൱ʵнޱ, ԼԲѵĵ
Ĺ, ޱǧͷԺйʮֿ, կ˶һ顣
ãԽΪס, 
ֻϥأ̬
ʧ, ж֮ס
ޱѻɵж, ʱǿ򶨣š
жеʲôн⣿
״, еһԶ/ҩӦдʱˡϴΪ, Լ, ɲܶ϶񶾷, ²ȷ²ʵ
Ϊβ˵
ޱȳ, ŭ
иæȣа취ɽ⣡һ·°ѰҽⶾҩģѼ롣Һǳη, һжü
ޱɫɿ, 渵
ӦڰǰùҩֻǽҩܽȫĶԣٲ꣬ٴηáаգڿΪ׽ⶾ
ԣޱƽΣ˰֡
ȥҩɡ
ǣ
Ҵ£Ƭ̲ҵ顣
ٴΰޱ齱ߣŻ˯еˡ
Զ/ҩǲ˽⣬Ϊϸ̲õķӣΪľǷֹ䱳ѡ
ָ̧ϵ࣬԰ֽĦβ죬ް
Ǳ˰͵𣿡
ૡ
ΪʲôĿĽӽȻˣͲˡ
ʲôžһµڵϡ
üͷ˯Ҳȣʱˡ
·ǧءŬۣԵľ
ޱߣۿͨ죬ȻǸտ޹۾ˡ
۵£û¡
ޱæˮιڼ䣬ȴԽԽס
ˣᣬֱҲ۵ĺܣѣŬޱȥۡ
±ˡ
ޱ̧ʱӵɫһ˿Թ
æңοð졣
ֱޱתеϽŻȻ
̵ֲǲŶ֣ԭ͸ιҩˣ϶֮ȥֻ֪λҽ
ˣ
ޱĿˣս֣Ħš
˭µĶ
񼴽ʱԺȴȻϵͳʾ
ϵͳϸݡ
񣺡ǣ㡭
ϵͳ¶˵صݣѾΪڹȥˣԵģ뽻һܣܸŮҪ̫
֪ϵͳ󵽵ʲôҲǽ
̾Ҳ֪
ޱһ˲˲Ķδ׷ʡ
ס񣬽Ȧסһɺݾ
ڵף촽ƽκ뿪ҵˣ
񣺡ϵͳҾеΣա
ϵͳûµҲˣϵͳ
񣺡е԰ǲ֪жˣ
ϵͳѹĽܻ
񣺡Ȼˡ
ĵϵͳ
ޱԾɱ֡
㲻뿪ҡ
ִֵ
ͷҲ뿪ġ
һʧܣͻڶΣʧܣͻΡ֮һҪýָд
Σޱ侲ֺĬĬصᡣ
۵Ĳˣ˵ĺû˸顣ֻ岻תޱע
Ȼޱæϣǵ£ҽй
οҩҪѺжѺȣµǣҪ¡
Ϊ˱סСѡ
ҩһƣÿζĸһЩ
죬ͳɰˣޱϽǡ
ôȵǺô죿
˵ţϸĵİﵗı˳
ǰ飬õʹţǰһ̿޿һ̾͵硣
Դһᣬ˼һ
ºңͲˡ
ޱ§ļͷʧЦҪô壿
˼Ҫң
ΪޱԼûΣû뵽һ̣ĴѾˡ
գգۣһģȴڷ̻ƵĻȸԾ
԰ɣ
ޱ¶ɬȴװƽ
ٺЦ˫΢䡣
ԡ
вҽգͺûһˣֻڵĶԶԶûꡣ
ָܻͿ̸·˰ݱܽͺӣٲൢ飬̷سǡ
ǵִﳤʱѽء¹һѩΪװع۰ããһƬ
·˲ӿ죬˫ִͨ죬εۣ˵Ű㴩źѣѵֵź졣
ֱӷعΪ˴ȥȫ·СϵܼңµѾСˣÿ˶Уּˡ
ޱδ빬ȥʥϡ˷һһʱЩϣֻԸʱʱ̿İ顣
Χѩ£糾Ͷ飬Žžͱ
ӱ§ڻһࡣƺηϵϺڻȥһУôôòŻ
뿪ʱӻСţѾɴˡ
ҿˡ
תȦ°ڿд˸诶
̿յůݣ漸ڡ
ޱΪȥ£ˣŻЪЪ
ʵʵıãϺ˵ģɫ˲١
Ҷˡ
ޱѵƸڣԣϻкóԵġ
ǰΪºӷϴ
ܼͰźһУֻʱ䡣
˵ū澶еˡ
¸Ÿͣ˵ϳʲô
ܼ˱޾ϸĻĩ˲š
Ŷˣϳů
һ۾ˡ
֪* ůִĻƣʺ϶ԣŶ
ޱͷȥӡ֣ˡ䣬͡
ǣūȥ졣
ЦȻޱ룬ʵҵ˽⼸³ǵĶ
֣ˣȻлҪ
£֣ƺ׼ʲôҪˡ
Ƿ𰣬ŻسǾѸոСϢ񲻽̾
룬ֵ˵ฮд·
ԣü֣ͬʱд·
ޱȴ̩ȻˣȻ֪



68 
ҹɫŨ, Ůæŵƣǰ£, ӳõƻͨ
, ůڵðŰ, ʳˡ
ҽΪĸ, ˾, Ҳû˼⡣
ʳĶˣеƬţ, ׵ڼɿ飬ԼĢǡˡܲݫȡ
ůΨһĲͬʳǰڹ, ˲ŶֱӶꡣ
صذչŽ, һ̳Ƶ, ڳ޲ڡ
õʲôζҲ̫ó˰ɣ
Ϊ̾
, Ұطӣȥøϵĳһ֪
æĵͷΪĳ۷
һ, ֣в, æӲ, Ҳѧѧ, ͷ
ã
԰գΪһϵϣ
֮, ޱĳһ˹ġ
պϵƬޱУһƬ, ټһƬ⣬زˣһش䡣
¾úó𣿡
ˣģڴ
ޱͷóԡ
ϲԾͶԵ㣬ܹ
ΪˣƬϵĵ϶һӶ࣬һ٣պ÷ޱĿζ
ĺԽԽĵůͣرΧůůʳ¶ǣȺ
б䶯ǰãʵй̣Ƿ̿͵һڣ˭Ǳʹʵ۲ľԱǿ˻ǳоѡ
ޱӭŵĿЦӯӯԻʵ̵ϢĮġ
ҿڳȻҪɵͷˡ
֣ѳûһ䣬ţ˵£Ϊ̫ӣֻǱԥ
ԣޱЦڵӣǻ֡
񰮳⣬ޱƬ
̵ְǾ伴ɡ
ԵԲĹģûսƵƵͷ
˵ûǹҧȥ
˵֣ڳﱸشˡ
ޱ״ƲʵǺˣ
֣һۣͬʱ񣬲
ԭҪģ鵽ڣĪ֡
֣Ѳ˼Ľ͡
򿪴ɫӣϲ
û뵽˶ͦ졣
ϲλ
ƱǣⱭϲƣǺȶˡ
˫˫ӣ߽֯ź˿
ޱȤˣˣ㺦ߣ
ʲôޱֹҲˣǵҲߡ
ޱ
˦һ۵ʵˣЦ͡
ֱʱ˲һͬȥ
˰޵ʱȴӣ˯⡣
ӣʲôʱ򳤳ɴӣ
ޱĵͲˡ
ǰȻȸʱͷЩδѣèԲɫ۾Ưˡ
צ棬èצִ˲ƣ
أҩˡ
ޱҩ룬Ҩһ״
ζ񶼲һͷ
ҡȡ
ޱ̾°ӱߡ
㡣
Ŷ
ٴչʾһƵĹֿɬĿڸУϽǡ
ޱԴϣԡ
Ҫ£ҩˡ
Ǹˡ
ԽԽʹ§סޱ˼һο
ޱЦôˣҩ̫ࣿǰغίˣ
ͷһᣬ˼ҼͷίͰ͵̧ڿߡ㶼ҡ
֪ˣǰҩ¡
ޱСƵģʱʱĻҪ¡
´Ȥҡ
ͻȻʹޱһϡ
˼ҾѿҧСèĥ
ޱ࣬Ҫƿȴûá
ԭǶȶԷĲҲͣˡ
ɻĿޱֻԷƺڷΪȡ
Ŀԣޱ𴽽ǣЦɷǺÿ
ҧ𣿡
ǵʼΣ´Ʈ
ޱǿаԼ
Լ
Ĵһһϣૹƻ
ʲôԡ
¿ˮʲôԣ
ޱͷֻԡ
Ѿе⣬ٲЩʲôƺˡ
һ̣ƽ˯
ǸºΡ
еʱɢ
ޱ
Ͻ۾һ㣬Լܲס顣
պ֣Ҵ飬ʮױ֣Ѵӭ׶ةฮӭӡӭ׶ƺƵν֣֣
ۡϲ磬ﲻޱֱӵ֣Ѹϣȥ»
ｻϲִ֡ƱҲմմϲ
׶ֶϰף˻¹ټңϰ׾ͱȥˣϾ˭Ҳȥةǧ
֣߾ƣ֮תȥһڣ֣Ȼһ˿Ƶ˺ľƣҡҡλθȥϲ
ޱӦ£Сһȥüҩ
ǻص֡
ɸ̾˷ϲ¾ˬѵϲ£Ҳմһմ
ޱ͵͵ˣǻϲʵصؼӿ̸ϻΪ˸ҩģܸõΪز塣
¡
սͬҧ䣬Щȥɡ
ޱüʵڲ磬ػֵͦġ
岻𣿡
æҡͷûУ͵¹
ԣޱɫ΢죬һĪǰʲôڴûˡ
ãصġ
ʹʲôֻҪͬһǿĵġ
źʱǰǰϯظ
Żȴڰޣһ˶͵顣
ʲôʱ˺ѧ
ޱԽԽòԣй۲ãͻȻϮ
ʲôأ
飬һứϡ
Ǳڱ˴м䣬ҳտġ
ޱɵʰᣬϸƹ˲ӡ
㡭Ķʲô
ץţŪҲС
ͬɫͨ죬֧֧Ҿǣѧϰһ£á̵¡
Ͼͷһء
˵ˡ
ޱ⣬Ƶģϡ
ɤӣԼ׳
£
ԷԼȥ˼ҵ䡣
£㿴ѽպӴ飬ǲҲ
˭֪ޱϹԼӣת䡣
أΡ
ⴿڱ
ѽ£Ҳе
׷ںͷੲݣһֱ׷֮ϣ׷ѡ
ĵϨ𣬽ʣͷһյµơ
߻谵ޱƳһۣڲˣ
е㡣
ᣣָĵ׼
ãߴϸļ֡
Ҳǡ
񲻸ڵĻᣬסĺ󻰡
ȵȣθϵͳ



69 
ӳ, £ٻӰʱ
ѵ齱, ɴڴɫ, 繲, һ컡
ޱò׶Ƭ, 㲻˵Լ𣿡
ϴ, زˡ
ͷʮָۡ
, ڲ˵ʱɣ
ǻ˲䣬ٶȶ, ޱ֮֮𽥳С
ľ̷, ָĦ, ͬһײ
¡ѩеȪȴδ, ˮ֮УýĴζ
֪ʲôʱ, ˽, ˿, ҡ
ޱ, Ⱥӣ˼ˡ
ͷĿڣ̫ɵ
ޱٶϢ, ӣָͷĶһ¡ˮδɢ, 롣µӡǣǡƶ÷֦ͷ
£ѽ
һСèƵĵᡣ
֡
ޱӦ
̲ס͵㣬Ц㣬Ŀһ˲ƵˣֻԼܼ
˾˯ɣء
ŵޱ˯ȥҴñǣ͵͵˼һڡ
һޱɰ
õϵͳؼգһϢ
ϲŮڻֵĿǰΪٷ֮ʮʤ
ʱϵͳĥζʼߣ˵Ϊʲôң
һǲÿġ
ϵͳĬӣŮ˯ˣ
Ҫ˵ôûУͶϣŨ⣬ƺ
ϵͳģ´һֱŮ
ν´λʱ˵ɡԹһûпľģ𣿻ֻûʵ塣
ϵͳϸϽʵģǡࡣ
䣬ͼ֮кðһź·ħ½硣ģɢûһ޴ĺڡ
ϵͳҽܡרϵͳ010š
һ룬ѿڶڵġ
ϵͳ꣬ʾҿǹֵԱעǡ
ϵĴָ
رÿ
޴ĺҡһΣʼNɪ궼Ų
ͻȻ׳ԼĲ²⣺ǲǻûת
õһĬ¶ˣ֪ôףȻǸʵϰϵͳ
̾ûһͬġ
ûʲôԸ
Ը֪ϵͳûУ
ϵͳУҪ006ǰһ
С
׻ܣǰҲǶ仨
ϵͳԺĽܣǣǰС׹ڼǰֽʮ壬006ǰˣǹҵѵϵͳ
ˣϵͳǹ
̫ˡ
ϵͳһü
º÷ʢ÷԰ɻĻʤա
һѩǶװ֮¡ѩ裬ë䣬˺ĻѩԲͣ
ůУӶһȣѩ¡
ǰ۵ĺ÷֦ĴڻƿڴǰһƬѩ÷֦ӳһĨ졣
żкεĴȲȲ裬æϴӣѩͷ
£ˡ
˲ʱȴԼҵ͵͵嶫
ޱƷæҵĽ䣬
ʲôôأ
һתߡ
أ
ޱߣ֣ȥѰ
ֺ䡣
ղŹشʱˡ
ûбתעֱԵʲôҪҡ
ޱ˼ʱ֪ˣڲ
°ͣװ˼
Ҳԣǲǵʾ
˵ţƫͷ˼ҡ
ޱΣġ
ţֽߵݹȥ
ҲҪ
ޱһۣ⡣
ؿ˰ɣ
գ۾ת
ôߣޱֵ̧Ķͷϣƿ
ٺ֣ͷ㳭ġ
ѽ
˲ί᳭дĵľˡ
رԣġ
ޱû취°䴽Ҳһ¡
ԹԵġ
üţҳԡ
ѩһֱµɫ硣˵ѩ׷꣬ⳡѩɵԤ״ա
£ð캮ضҲҪȥѩĴ£ѾСҲ׷׳ѩ̡ѩˡ
乬ʱСҲѩ쵽ԺѩˣΪĿʱ̡
㿴
չʾԼͶɹһѩ˶ӡ
ޱಽѩأһһǳÿһݽȥ
㡣
ӭޱȥǣ֣ȵĽ˷ס
ޱѩ٣µͬ¶һѩˡ
ʱЦݼ򵥴⣬ƺһֻصʮ겻µʱ
ĵЦѩڣ񲻽ˡ
ҪǰĿֵޱԺˡ
أ㿴
ޱͷĿԡ
Ҳ룬ÿ
㶼ûѩˡ
ޱĲ˼֪ǶĻʲô͸졣
Цеµĵطġ
ѧģ컬ࡣ
ޱתݣðԽԽ졣
ˡ
˻ѩУܳͲ
˷Ӧ֮ǰۼֿ콫ס
Сĵ㡣
˲ŮСǣֱӽ˴ᱧһͻݡ
ޱƫͷľѡ
˿ء
ʲôҿǵµӦˡ
СİޱŵϣȥЬ࣬ס
ãûŤˡ
ޱƮжջɱյý
û˵
΢΢һЦЬഩȥ
Ҷ̹ˣĻ׺ߡ
ޱʱͨ죬˵
Ŷ
Դѧӵģȥҵһҡ
ҡ
ޱƫͷ㣬ʧЦ֣
˺һ󣬵񲻿ͣҪޱûޣֻ׳ɱﵡ
һ㣬оϲ㡣
ţ
˲̧ͷġ
ʲôϲ
֪ˡ
ء
漫ˣɻǹԹԵȵϲûȵһ˿
ޱ˿ס۾طſԽ⿪
ô
ڴ˫ۣޱȥ֪ĵط
ͣ½Ų֪طˡ
Խ⿪𣿡
ٵȵȡ
Ӿ⣬Եģø
һȺ˴ҴҶּȥżʳζԼԼĻ㡣
ʲôϲ
һйڳţޱڶ
ժˡ



70 
˿ǿ, ˫Լڣǰһʢľϯ, мһ볤档
ǡ
ޱǣ, 
Ϊ
δӦ, Ѿˣ
֮ǰ, ڵ
ԭ˵ǡ񡱵
֮ǰ, ޱʼǸΡ
ضԲϴִ̫, ҶҲãΪ㡣زϡ
ȻЦЦ, ²صǸõµꡣȲ, ҲǷ˵񡣡
Ҫ־͹ϵͳ, Խʱ䶼Ū
ԣޱʧЦ, úõӦÿĵģôǸˣǰ, ڵ, Ƕ
˵, ޱȡ׼õ, һֻϽ̴ľУԼһֻСɵĺӡ
֮ǰûüԳ, 㲹
ޱʾ£ǰԼ񡣵һֻкȻһ󱦽, Ͽзͼڣʱâէ֣ޱȡ
ǰ֪䡣
ޱߣüۺЦ
ѽ㣬ȡΣ
Ĭ飬ġ
֣ͽлء
һأ췢
ޱСߴ١
ڿڶֻк󣬵ңޱһģһ
ϲѣԼϱȻ
ڸˡ
ǰҴŵƷҡ
ʢŵ٣˫ɶԣɢ嵭㡣
㲻һֱҪһԣֻ㡣
Ȼ춼ϣޱЦĽӹϡ
һ˫ڰ׷峺ʱ޿ֳ̲˵Ŀġ
˱סлл£Һϲ
Ƶġ
ޱ٩
ǰǰر࣬ʱ꣬˵ǻˡ
Žʣ֡
һϵȱ
ޱΪҵһΣ
Ŀӯӯڴ
ޱһỽϣ˵ʲô޷ܾ
Ƭ̣Դкɴ潣裬ӳŵ轣ˡ
һϣͬʱʡ˻һЦ
á
صޱߣ±ת
µĸá
ޱģʱ䲻磬ԷЪˡ
캮ضҹ䣬ﵽԷҪߺþء
˼Ҳ֣ʼˣ
ޱ˼ǡﰲЪҲԡ
ͻȻ̧Ŀơ
ޱҽֿһӡ
ԣޱĪƫˣӡ
ֿ顣
ﲻˣǲǹ뷿֮𣿡
סָ档
ޱԼȥϣԸΥҰ˫ѽ/¶
ûΡ
Ҳ

㡭
ޱһʱƿȴȥϡ
ҹɫɺŨ䣬˿īɢޱģʮ׽ᷢʲô
׼ԼġšޱһҪһ
ʲô
ţޱϾʶת˲֯Уȴ侲ǣӦ
ǾޱʢţΡ
;ĳ˻۶ͣ¡
ʵ£ԸԸҵ
ޱֵĵһۣһıõĲϲ£ȴʱ˼ʡ
㡣

ڣһֶû׿ҾһͨŻޱġ
£ѧĺòã

ޱתȻҪһס
ٺЦõĶԲԣ¾ͲҪûҵĻˡ
ʤѩ𵭵ķɫ꣬˼
ޱ߳ŭ졣
Ŷ
֪Ȥ죬Ҫ˯֡ޱûͬƽϣȥˡ
ҹδšᣬڸغ򣬲شš
꽫Ҽһϲص׼ꡣţڶ
º͹ܼ簲źùڵĸˣڳϦǰ¹ƻһˮĴɫ峿㿪ʼæµڶߦӡ
½ææһ̲С
žƼſڵĴŴһȲ䣬ȫ˸ֶ֪վǳϦ
һŶͿˡ
£ȥæɡ
Ȼȴ΢Цҡͷ¶ͽǣѽŵ¾ͺá
ͼչʾգ޴֣ûˣû֮ء
Ϊͼϲ죬ջһѣޱȻ˷·һϦ֮ص˴ʱ
תԷֱڼ䣬Ϊޱ췢ü˳ڶһ÷
ҹȥɫȣٲһڵӡʮڶԢʮȫʮÿԪһԲĹĵġ
ޱеĵһȴתַŵ
ȻһЦȾͳԣˡ
ʲô
ͭǮ
½յޱʾ⣬˵黰
һھͳԵһ갡⡣
Ͷ˵ȫȥﻹܲס
һޱŷҪѡ͸
ÿһڶóԣҪ˵Եĵзڶһ˾һ
ϦҹǽҵƻͨﵩҼһһžꡣ
ʱԺȸէ׷ɡ
ԭǷ´ŮСڷű
ޱŴ֣ԺһƬʰ쵵գҹĻɢ䣬ҹӳ硣
һ񣬸ϽͬһԶĲֺ
ö˵ģʶס䣬ٿޱͬĶӶЦ֮ʣɿԼַޱǱߣøʵ
ӱŵĶڹܼһﲻһֻëš
ߣޱٶ
ô𣿡
黰еºÿ
ޱЦһ
УǷθ֮ԡ
ΪԼȥΪţŬ۾ֿ
ãޱЦ˫ӯһ顣
㡣
ʲô
Ӧ
ޱգָ΢
ֻҪǵãۺʱεأԶ㡣
Ӧ֮ˣΪĳ˵ĵȼϣޱһĮΨʱŻ繡
µ񳹵ԭأôһ˲䣬ҪΪޱѾʲô֪ˡ
֪ͨʲôʱʼףޱͬǾԼ
һ˫֮á
񣺡С֡
ϵͳҪҸ˼š
䴽ƼеľͺĵתȦȦ
ҲǸ
ŶˣԪҲǽӣӦø֡
Ȼʲô飬£Ԫʱȥſƣòã
ҪԸ
ޱӦһá



71 
ϦҹؼԲ, ʮԪڣǽ, ʮﳤֲַǷ
໨, ĿϾӡиͷܶ, ߰ҲֻŲ˼ߺ˷, 㰤ٽ, Ҳú˵ü
ڳ⣬ҴһһŮװ, ʱִ٣ⲻˡβͬ, ȫ׼ǳִﳤڣ̶κʹӸ, 븽ĳ, ֮ٴӲȥ֪
ޱȹ, ѩ£԰ĵ÷١
ʱСڣźҡһλò, ޽֯, һ˫
ޱ, , ö˱ȺɢһֺиԶһǺ«
ԶȺ* Χţԭˣ, Ȳ
ӣ쿴
Ų, ؿʯΪ档
Ȥޱǹȥƣ
ȻջߣᶨԶȺ
ˣ̫࣬ȫ
ǹȥֻ֣ĳȦ̯λǰվ˼ˣ֪ԭײϣǾÿĲࡣ
ȴ£мܰη塣
ϰ壬ԡ
̯ʮǮʮȦ
ӿҪ׼޿
ʼǰ̯صѡ
ͷ̧׼һȦ֣ڰлƯĻߣȵжûе

ޱ޵
̯۾Լˡ
г񣬵ڶֱðڼһ
֣Χ۰ԽԽ࣬ľȿˣ˻Ҫࡣ
ҪҪԣ
ޱң
Цִ֣ĳֻͶȦһˡ
ˡ
ޱϲЦտǳӳһٻӰ
䲻ʲôֵǮܲЦգǺ
̯һԶˣߣ׶
ڵԽԽ࣬æޱ뿪Ƿһ
̯ɿȴšŵƵƵ֣ǰȦԽӻԾϧǲûʲô֣Ǹ̯Ǯġ̯ȥЦúϲ£죬˫ֺʮϰݡ
Ϊҳģû뵽
ſƵǶںϣҲͬޱӱߣ̤ʯţͬһյơ
ӣϵдɡ
ޱͷȴԼ۾
д꣬۾òã
صӣĲơ
ޱʧЦҲ
дУˡ
𣿡
ˡ
ޱ˫Ƽǿϵʱ
ƽϲ֣񳯡
ЦӯӯԼԸ
Ըޱƽϲ֣н񳯡
ôҵּнɣ
ޱǣ𴽽ǵдá
ЯԸƮԶǧƺ֮С
̧ͷƺҫµӳ
ޱս֣ϸ񳯣أÿһڣǶЯֹȡ
ԣƫͷȥòŸ͡
һġ
⹦ĳϤӰϸˡ
ǲӺ;𣿡
ޱ˳ķȥǡ
к͵ԼյĴ粻˷֣æͷ
յޱϣСֹ£ǻظɡ
á
˵ʲôޱ˵ãҪҲҪΪժ
˽ݳǣϢķسӡٴγʱԭޡ
Ǽ̳عȥ硣
жȥװ˵Ȫغúõԡһ
ȵȪˮǽⷦޱڳرߣĿˮ뵣Ⱦð͸죬Ө
òȪˮԴԴעˮ˫ͷش
ֲóˮܱ峺ԭϻôŵصװͷΪ˷ˮ
Ĵ˸ǷתͷһƣԼҵ»ڱĿһ˿Ŀȥǰʱˮ
ԣ֡
ޱ˫εȫ𱸣ӯ֮⡣
Ƭֱȥ˻ס
٣ѷᡣ
˿ʱޱƽϢ̶˫糺죬˿ĵ
ֺ֡
˼Ҫ´棬һҴɫ
к֡
ޱòòУɿܵĶ顣
㡭ҪʼͿ㡣
δ䣬ˮУúõչʾһ󷨡
ˮ棬ޱŨҧ´ɫ죬۲ת京ӭ
ֵ̫װɣ
¡ҡ
͵ĻᣬޱҪһγ١
֪˶ãѴȪػصԷ齼䡣
ͷ£ʹ˰ޣȴޱס
ţ
һ˯
ޱ˵
û˼Ϊ˯ǰ£Ҵñǣʼѳζ¡
ޱǿľͷ˭ҪЩ¡

һͷˮǵǶˣȥҹ
ޱһ/Խסŭ˫
գգۣ׹漴Ϊ
ޱҲ̫ˡ
ʵ˷ݣղô죿
ܣҪ㡣
ޱִŵ
²𣿡
ʲôʱôˣ
ޱɫͨ죬͸˵ƻֻһˡ
ۣ
ʵ˵еˡ
һѺ۵Ļʻȥɨ˵µ¡
ҹֱҹ˲ӵ˯ȥ
Լֵ̫գ˶˯͡
ʮƽĽ˲ôţĬĬſڣֱŽȥˮ
ϴڼ䣬ղرޱΪԼķݶա
¡
ЦĴչ
ޱһۣ㡣
ǡ
ҹ¿ɲô˵ġ
Ƕƻ󡣡
ޱصΪԼķҺɣᶨ
ε̾ˣô죬¡
˵ǣҡ
ޱͷ治ɫҶˣ㻹۸ҡ
񣺡
Ƚۺֶˡ
˵ǣԺٲˡ
Ȼޱûжˡ
ԺΣҪҵġ
񵱼ᶨûµġôҾô
ϱҪ
ǾԼޱɤӣգأá
Ұϵϡ䱦ǧ𶼲
񱻿󣬺̵ܿĲ֪βͣ˿̱ضҡĺܻʵ
ʲôˡ
ŶˣϵͳһϣǷˡ
˼С
ϵͳĻش𣺡˼ϵͳڷ



72 
µ, źˣҪϵͳ
ĳѽСҲѧ, ٶˡ
ϵͳ
ޱ, ָ㡣
أҲ֪Դ춼Щʲô
, , ûʲô, ֻǾõ½ոˣһСĿˡ
ޱЦ, ԽԽ𡣡
ģ³֪
ٯٯ, ѷ֣Ȼܼſͬء
, 費Ҫ̽˵̫ӺѾȥˡ
ޱһ, Ƕǿ, ȥ
ǣūȥš
ϸ, ʮİ, ȷʵἰ
ϱ, ʥ, λֳʡӢţҲʼǷС, פءԭЩֵǶһʴڶǵŮīٵÿ
ڳȨλ, վκһɣޱԣ޹޹ȴʡΪӦ̽
ʱִ֣ۡأʶ룬ӭһŮֿ档
ʵɹҽΪΣλҽԾ޲ߣֻһΪ׼¡
ֿѳޣϥ½һŮ»ǰмӣȴ˷ǡ
Ǽеǿűܿݿ£ӡ
ֿ˹ȣ۾⣬ճģ壬ҪŮ·
ĪҪ̫ˣ˼ӣزǡ
ޱ׽Ȱο䡣
ֿͷݣΪ㲡
˵ǣһᰮϧԼġ
Ͷ˳ʱһ׮־硣ϹܼҼסһӣɵ⣬ס
ūţ˭ĵӣҵ·
ɣ
ֿæǰŰϹܼҾ
Ҫˣڴˣܷ
ŷֹ٣½ʩ
¡
ɣ
񲻽⡣
ޱͬҧ䣬ֵķ
ҴҼһ񣬿תҪߡ
ǰȥģ
Ȼȥ˼Ҷʲôÿ
ͷųֱ֣֣һƿŶ
ɣ
ֵĺûǸͣ½ŲԽԽ졣
šüԶԣЩˣͬǳôֱ׳
ֱ
ޱͼģ
ôˣ
ߣӲԲȡ
˼Ƭ̣ޱ˼ʧЦ
ѽӦܵЩѵ
㳤ֲǻʵ۵ŮŮԶԶȻ
ɷ𰰵иſʱʱ̻̿㱨١ˣ飬ҳ
֮ʱ԰ӣƺ˼èˡӵҲĺǻʵԲˡ
ǲǸðӼʣ
ӣоԵ
ޱߺȲӦҾͦõģȳ˾ˡ
Ҳǣڻǳʱ
߸ϸ΢춯һϮ
£
һûȥԼǺˡ
ȿȡ
ޱı˳˹ˮι
ôԵ
񻺹һ㣬ȵͨ졣
Ҳ룬Ǳŵġ
𰣬㻹Ǻǰһײβ
ף
ǿ佱
ޱԼ̶侲ѯʡ
ڸʲô
ص£ԷѾʵá
УԸ̡
˶ˣ˼Ѱ֡
𰽲ľԽԽߡ
д˵Ⱥ޳֮ͽ
ֿĳʶԴһӢ۾֪ܿ춨
׵ڶֵ꣬һŮѾԭļԺ//ģȫǷһƨ/ɵծǳԼļױĿա
治Ƕ
İ
ԾҳԵͷˡ
ˣá
ޱߣʵ̫צϸ𣿡
ǡ
ǸУ׽µĵж
ߵýѵ
ޱ󣬡á
ٿѰ˳ȥİѱ
պجģãԼȺ׷ǰȥ䡣
ǰųɳӣǰĳ
ټֿϴθƣ㲣ݵĿʣƤˡ
ޱصذο䡣
ڰ˳䡣
л¡
ֿǿջЦ˭ܿóȻٱ
ΣСֹ
أ
Ϲܼ֪̾Ĺȥˡ
ޱɫԶԿоֲֻᣬƻûܷ¡
˻ҪΪԼ㣬Щֵõˣ翴Ϊá
ҲᣬϾ˼ҵļ¡
ްţʵڳ󳼼׾ڲѰ֣ʾ˼
Ȼм۵첻µز£أּ
£ȥԷλļѣ̲ˡ
ŷޱ·ŵĺϢ
ǵΪڼ侹ȥѰ
ҡͷֿ̾Ϲۡ
ȴҿ¿ˮ̣Ϊûܹܵ
֮Ʈˡ
˲ܣܡ
԰գޱ
أȥԷϷ
ԣԥԥֹǰ
첻ޱɻأ
Цˣ˵ٲȥԷ
ѣޱ
˴βΥŵȥġ
һȻʡ
ߣ
ͬʱޱȥ볤ֿȱϷͳ
ǺȵȫȻ֪Σռ
ǳԷŵùǻʧɫ
ݾߡ
ǣ
ޱֱ¥ɫɷףȶתԭأǰ
ڿڵż࣬ڸڵȺһλϷ˵ĵ
һյĹ򣬳ֿڵˡ
֪½Ϊˡ
ţТڣʵڲ˵ء
ޱʾϸΪ㿴һˡ
ѭȥޣؿˣ֪ǿ
֪ȴǳֵһ׶š
ֹͬ˴꣬ͬùòﲻ
Ͳ¿֪

ںʲôҪŮķݶϣȢľͷһһ㲻֪ʶȤġ
ūţͳֿͶϣȹء
Ц棬ʲô֮Ǽٵġ
üţƺ˹ϵζ



73 
ޱǳԹȺ, ɳΪѾĻҪվסˡ
֪أѵͳͳ§ԭͶ֮Ů, ־ĵط, йװƦɧų, ͦ, Ӣ۾Ϸ, ȡġ
Ż´һʼǸͷβƭ֣صǳֿ, ˡ
꣬Цӯӯķ, ȴƵƵˣ뿤롣
⹦, żű˴ײһ, Ҫӭ氤һơ
ֻžһ, ˡ

ۣۿͨ졣
ԭǼٵġȫǼٵġ
ҽͣ
ͼ, ȥ, ȴס
̶, ޱż䡣ڵ, 
ֺ޼ָһơ
㸺ңݹ顣

˵Щʲô, ȴԱߵôֲ졣
˵棬ֿдһݷš
ӽ, ޹ϸ𡣡
飬ֶŶȥܵģֻΪԶ֮ء
ɵۣʲôҲǣ̼ҶͷٷƵģȫˡ
ҿޱݺݵĵӣ³ֲƿڴ
ˣң
ӵͷֲ̿Բסɣʵǵ¸̫ˡ
㣡
ĿڣŶԣǳɣ㻹ǹ˺Լɡ
ֿݷһºܿ촫Ƿ꣬ɻͬѹȻΥʥּڼ֣޿ˡ̸Լ̲Ǽͨͨţٲ볤
ˣڳеצѾĲˣʣࡣ
էůһٶȼ𲪲
ȥƿĺ÷ۼ֦/۵һΪ鷿ɫ
ԣޱִ񣬲һңͬüۡ
̧ͷһƳĿ⽻֯˾һЦ
ЪɣȻۡ
ޱ䴽̶ԷᣬӹˮϸϸƷζ
˼Ҷ棬˫ֱĶţ񿴲Ƶġ
һԱϮһΣȫ׼ڲᱻŵˡ
ţ¶㱨
񵭶ͷȻƼ𰾲
ףѾϰˡ
ܲϰɲÿζŵͨͨ
Ƕ죬ޱδ״ϣǾ˶ſڡ
£
˲ɫص£ݿɿϢѾͶ
ԣޱȣϵˡ
ǸϺ꣬ǽͷݡ
Ϣ˵ľ䣬ǵô൹֮ҪˣصǴԵ̫ɽ
£ǲǿ쵽ΧԵʱˣ
Ȼ廰ûͷûԵһ䡣
ޱ۲ת䣬˼
ǿ쵽ˡ
ʼΧԣ¿϶ҪȥģǴգЩġ
֣ص¶ҪСģöЩ˰б
ޱһЦһСĵģҲᱣ㣬Ҫ¡
ͷҵȻ֪»ᱣңҲᱣµġ
պΪԣʱʵ볯׹Իǰǽ̫ɽ
ޱУȴμΧԡ
׵Ҳ˵Ӵͷβʰһ飬ʵΪ˼ûè塣
Ҷˣͦɾģ¿Էס
ޱεȴϻۣʹҲ
ˣЪɡ
ϡ
ʱڣɽи䣬ⲻ˼ջȡů̿ޣµı֦Ӵ档
֦ԶԶİ裬ͭž춯ŷӡ
ΪʲôȥμΧأ
ޱȻʵ
ݸһЦҲûȤÿףֻŵ¡
ޱˣ𣿡
Цݡ
޿ܡ
Ѿıˣôûס
Ȼ䣬ɴ˿ޱůġ
أⱲеˡ
дæתƻ⣬ջԾһЩ
¿ɻ
ת̫ӲޱͣƬ̣ᡣ
ǰһѧѽ
ιǲŮȴᵽ䡣
ޱͷǳЦʼҶŮѧ
´ޱǰƥѱĿҪ
мܣʦͨޱΧǳܹȦֲʤ
ºǡ»𣿡
ޱϺ˵ģҡͷѧ
ҽ̵Σ
̵ְֽޱ乭ż
տʼޱ㣬޷ִ֣󣬽аġ
óޱеڴܸȤ
ĵĽһһΣ˴ƻ裬ޱѧ߰˷֡
һޱѧϰٶ൱죬һֱͨʮѺѧ
˰ɣ
ޱࡣ
ޱʵ첲ᡣ
Ļãÿ춼ʱϰͺˡ
ûиʡµķӣ
ޱˮ
ĵЦиʡµķӡ
Уһװֶֻ̧׼ӣװãݵһСɵ÷аġ
һǽͷõġ
ժ¼Ͳ͸ޱ
Ϊ̫ʸλᣬ׼һƵС
ޱСɵļͲϸĦ
ְϼ
˼ôޱԼѧñɸʵá
룬ԱķӸг
ޱ˲ʱɫһգգĶ
ôãйءҪ뿪𣿡
죬֪ν͡
ȷʵԼʱޱߡ
ã̾һⲻֻűϾҲʮʱ´粽롣
Ϊβܣ
ޱе֤Ȼ䣬β죬кᣬҡ
ˣ֪Ǻá
ⲻǼûҪ뿪µ˼ޡް
˵䣬ѾˡæޱᣬǸ
Ҳãǵ˻
ô岻ˣҧҪ£
ޱ涣Թס
֪᲻á
æ§ϸ˵һû˺ˡ
ƽޱɻûʧ
Ĳ뿪ң
³ŵ
Ҳ뿪µġ
ޱ¶Цģɿ
²ģһ۵ġ
ޱŬЦգġ
㡣
ҡ
ϴôҶС
ԣޱһЦȥ衣
ȴ˴ᱧȥ
ҷԼ͵»ȥЪϢ

ޱЧ֮°ľѡ



74 
ҹ, еƣ㸡
ޱ飬ҹ, һְġ
ֵ̫, ڴΧʱ, ˫˫ˡȸϵ̨, Ȼ, ʣӰ
һͬޱ
ʱ, úǶм, ⹦
״Լҵµ, ڡ
˵Цˡ
ޱȻһЦ, Цȴδ۵ס
̨£صĳຮ, Ψ֣ŲԶ
˴ΧУΪŮ֮һ䣬֣ѱԼӲԶˡ
ϻʵ, ԲϡԱ, İఴ̫Ѩ, ˼ŮǵĴǹལ, ֻܱĿ
Ƴ֣ѣ˻ͷ
Ӳ𣿡
ޱʮ, ȻӲμΧ, ֣ȻǡҲμӣǱ֣仹Ҫġ
ԣתͷЦӯӯġ
ҲŲμӣȼ֮
ޱ۰ӳ
ڳֻΪ֣غͱˡ
³ӡ
٣˲ιޱԷֻҪſڡ
ʱǵǿң޲Ҫ
ɱ/˵Ŀ⣬ޱ˵Цһ裬һιӣ˺õ͡
ճΪ磬ƻɢ֮ʱǵΧԽ֮ʱ
ع̨쳾ɳϻʵٰ磬ʳ˴
̺˲飬Ķ֮Ů
౻ȺΧм䣬ҹأɰѴ࿴ۡ
֣ԺΪף

佱˼Ĵѵúߡ
ˣѣٺȵ㡣
⹦򣬵Ҳٱӽüʵʥ֮ҡ
л
Ƶͷоƣ뷽֣ѱϵСŮ̬Ȼͬ
Ŀ¹ⱻ͵ǰƬ룬⽹ۣڴ㡣
óԣҲ¶
Ϊˣ̫ơ
ޱţǵ߶ʮãߵЦԡ
Щ﹫ӣе磬еļۺ졣Ǻ̬Ӱյĺ顣
Σұ* Ӯÿס
˵ţֺһ޾ɫ
б¾ΧԳӮң˵˻ʲôͣ
һֱۣЩƿԡ
֣ѽձԼԵ۶ǰޡ
˵úá
ǵġ
ٶɬ
Ա⣬Ƹۣ¶ĸЦ
ĵˡ
һ̣ޱĳ˵
ʲôأ
ѺӿǼżɡ
ѿڶ
ޱȴѵǲǣαĽˡ
ȻǣǱĽҡ
ٺЦţˡ
ޱ̧֣㡣
ѽҰ˵
ͷԼҵ£Цⲻ
ȻûоΪ˵òҲǲŸ߰˶ѧ峵ֵܹһֻΪԼҸ֡
ŵ㻹Ǻܶģ롣
žǳӳȤ˲Ūңֹģ鶯Ϊˡ
ʱź޷ѵ輧ϤǳΧƼ件衣ڶۺжһĨٻӰֻ輧ӱòˣΪϯеĽ㡣
﹫ӡҰ޲̫̾Ӷֱۡ
輧ͷȻƮ䣬úõĴ̫ϡ
ϷӦٶ۵ĵҲ輧ڹ̫ӵע⣬߾ôˮϹˡ
һϣ輧ǹŮ͵͵̫ӣüĿ飬ܻ䡣
ϻʵƼδֱӰŮӴ͸
лʶ䣡
̫ӼлæӰ˴ȥԼС
ҡͷ̾ϢǺＱģ֪ɫͷһѵ
λ˿רΪ̫׼ģ滹һݴ
֪δ˭Ͼùܵ¡
ϯɢǷУңһ˵Ļ
ҪС
ľ仯вֻ̫ӣҪԹ֡
ԣޱ䴽֪ˣİɡ
Ƭ̣ԽĥԽԾԵĵطޱ̬ȣƺ֪ˡ
ǷѾ֪ʲô
ޱЦĦ
뵱ҪȲֻҪȴ
ޱȻ֪ˡ
ԭıҲӰޱľߡ
ĥĬ̫ӳ֣᲻Ǻڻֵ
ǡ֣ܱȹԶǿ
Ǿǰɣ֮Ŭٽˣʹ¾ģıؾ֮·
ޱȻģɹע
ʲô
ޱոǲˣ
ɵֵûʲô֪Ҿͷˡ
ϣŮӽʵĵҹͳ£춼û˶ˡ
Ů¸ܣ̫Ӻ±и֮⣬ͼıڴ˴Χд̣Ҵ̿ѱѳ
ⲻܣʣԩģⲻǶˡ
̫ĿѣŮӡ
ˣ˭ģ
ȻŮȴʱ˵ڳ޲𾪡
̫ҽ죬Ůڷ
󣬶̫ӸӲϢӱ޵Ĵ˻ʵ۶ڶѵ˽ۡ
ʵ۵ŭ̫ӽ㣬ع顣
Ȼֹδҹ·תһɽڼݻع
Թۣۼʵ۲֮Ѻ̫ӣźĵ
ɫոҹͳ̫ǱʧٵϢϻʵŭģ赹
Ȱοʵۺ󣬳ûȨԼĶ׷̫ӣзɱۡ
һߣ̫ǱӲãǲһʵı֮
ɽ
̫Χɽ
ӣ
δ䣬ϻʵŻѪ̶ʹȥ
£
ŭ⣬͵նɱ
ǣ
ͳɽӭУͬʱ׼ɳԼӺ󷽰
ɽҳһ࣬ɽڳڵȴ̫ҽεĽ
ľû䣬̫ӽⳡҡ
һսޱ֡
ϣҲ֪һɱɽƵ˽ڽڰˣԶӣľıܿɱ/¾
²̫ӵˡ
ɱǰֵѾվǵжҹѡ
ΪֿסʱжȻһѾƴɱ
ֱԼӿҪתˣ˭
ʱӣѪ/ζ
£Ԯѵ
Ȼתͷͼޱеǣ˫ۣ
ԭ׼ֻԮķ
ܿ죬ɽϵѾһƬɱ֮Ѫ/ζŻ
ţԮˡ



75 
Ƽ, éٿ
֪ʱַľѾ˳Ǳ볤ǣǺӡ
¾ȼ٣ˡ
ޱǰ, Խ, ʱ, ̸٣
һĻڵ, ʱ;Ļ档
̶, ޱʵܽڣ
յȵķԸ, ɽ£סѾ·ߡ
ܽ˷ɽ·, ȴֻ֣Ϊǹҧ
·, ̫ӵ˱, ϳˣ¶
ޱ䴽, ڣࡣ
̫ɽĿ죬ȥĸ졣һϱؾ, Ѿ, ҪϤ׽ͷ, ݹ, ƺϾ
ϻʵǱס˲飬ʵڣĸϢġ
ͷƺս, ̽ͷһ, ӭ

֪ʣ̫Ǳˣ
ףص˾Ϊ˻¡
̫бɱ
ԣޱ˫ɫ
ϵͳͻȻ֣棡Ůڻֵٷ֮ʮ
ʾһͷޱ
ڻֵȻˡ
ãǵĲ࣬ܽ
οԼصޱߣִ̧ͷ
ޱֱ治Ǹ˻ǲˡֻǸڵֱϣһδ
Χжϣɷػʹڡϻʵŭģžɥ֮ʹ£Ƿѵ糯
ʱʵ۽ԣ̫ס١ɻʵ۲δӦ
ʵ۲糯۱ڸΪϻʵۼʹ岻ãԲµһ˫ŮȨƺ̫ӵıѣʲôӰ
ļУޱԵðȶˡ
ոһյİʱҩڿʱӭϢ
¶ϲɫص£ڵĶؽϲ£ϲ
ͬʱϲ˴ˣȷʵǸĺϢ
ޱùܼ֧һ͡رУٸһʷ
أûˡ
ޱ֣֮Ա
Ҳ̲ס̾㲻ٺҩˡ
˸֮࣬ϵͳʾٶ
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ塣
һǻϲ
ú׼þƺòˣףһ
ޱ˼Ƭֵ̣ȫһ֣Ϣʱ䡣С
ԣʧЦлˡ
ޱЦЦţ˫뵡
ֻҪúõģôԡֻҪһ仰⸮Ҳԡ
ǿЦæţҵȻ͵¹磬Ǹ˶ֵ࣬ҲͦãͲظˡ
һЩΪ˲£
㲻뿪㲻뿪
˵ţޱĻ۾Ƭ̰
סʣڶǰӡһǡ
¾㱸ֻǷ硣ʣµģֻҪûܵޱ·
һʢţɷۺ컨ӳ԰ɫȸ֦ͷߴߴиͣ΢֦ͷʱһ΢Ʈ䡣
׷԰ܣʱܳһ
˴Էڣɫһ꣬ƻãһѵּС·
͵һˣӴػ
ȶܵĵͦ졣
ܹһȦƻͤޱ󣬱ӷһˡ
ĪҪˡ
˵ţֲ˼ҵơ
һˣͻѽ
֪ҵڷܺѧҲݽϲǡ
ޱݸ̧ժԴϵһꡣ
ѽ֪
²֪˰ɣл
ɷнµ˵
Ȼޱסˣν⣿
һĽͣమ˻ಹ䣬ºѧҾͺ
ޱԴġ
ҿа˵
ģǶô˵ġ
ίͰͣƵ׳Ϊѣ׳Ϊ¡
ԣޱͣƬ̶̣ǣ
֪ʧԣæסڡ
˵ȥϵͳҪˡʲʱչ֣һǿжʧܣɾˡ
ɫĪ⣬ת֪Ҫʼࡣ
ڵ񿪿ǰޱʳָסĴֹȥ
˵ͲҪ˵ˣҲǿġ
΢һǸΡ
òһЩܣ̹ϣ˵ӲԹ涨Ƿޱһ͡
ޱɿǡ
ֻҪ߾ͺˣҪ
ⰲ֪æЩʲôǺ¡
Ӿģضοͷ
ĴµĶ򣬵е紵ݶƶһ¿ܻᴥʲô顣
ǣƽ˾Щ
£ΧһȦѾСˣȿֺΪ£ȫǳǵȤ»š˭ĺãǮʶʹΪӻԾ
Ҫ˯ˡ
ʲôŶӼҵļˣʲôҵϱͱˡ
ⶼʲôʲô
ֽ̧ͣҲҳ̣ûи̼ģصģ
һСѾߺȻ𣬡ū澵˵һ֪٣ֵͦģ׸ϢСϢ
Ŷ
еˡ
˵

СѾԽԽ𾢶
ԣ󣬽ڳѲߣȴһͷʬ
˵еġͷʬ߳ߣһѪ£нţȴյһڴСεʱʱȥסҵš
ŵ˼ŵðʿȣ޼¡ʿĸۡͷʬҹȥõڶš
СѾ߽б۶˵ÿ׷׷׷ţƾʧˡ
Ȼô¡
ڼѰ飬ȷûͷʬİӣǸı¾顣
ء
ޱ񵱼ʯף·˼¶صطǮݸСѾߡ
ʱӭޱܹȥûɲסֱӽ˱
Żˣȴůġ
ޱʧЦʲôأġ
°
˼ϲ°͵ޱļͷ
ﱧϱŲ֡
ôô£
ޱãƿȥ
ʲô£Ҳ
ѿڶ˵ֹǸͷ
ֻĵĴš
ޱһĨǳЦźЦ
ֲˡ
ûͷûԵһԹõɻ󲻽ֱͷ
ޱֱǰ
ֻҾͺãһ˾͹ˣҪԵģòã
Է˷ǧͷֺһ˲ʲôûץס
뿪ѯʣͱ۽ޱǷⴽ
ڻ಻ݡ
ˣʲôţ



76 
񳹵װԺ, רעǰˡ
´ĥζ
ɫͷһѵ
Ҳ͸Լ
ͷһ첲ϻ˼ҵ, æŵߡ
ޱĿڴͷ, һͷ, ߹޵Ц, ټ, Ҫ˻ǡ
¿ˮ䷽ŵ֮, ҲܹԼɫǻ衣
Уˮ, Ҳ޷
ء
ޱ㲻عܸ, , 𣿡
ԭΪ
̾Ϣһ׻ޱǲա
ҵȻŵ, ҲûҪִ£²صǡеڣҶᱣ, Լվ
õı֤, ޱɿ, ˽ͷʬ
, üµ˼ǡ˽ӡ
ޱЦȻ
, 񲻽󵨵Ĳ롣
Ѳɣ˰йأ
ޱԴ, 
ǵģ
ҵôһԼĵ̫ʣĶֵֻ³ȥ佫ҪԼ̲
ĥˡ
ºͶ˾ڵƿУ̲£˾ߣ¿⡣
ޱЦһ˿
ǰصĻŵ˲š
¾ͱȤˡ
񲻺˼ĵͷҪıʿǲǹͷʦ
˵ģǿЦ
ޱﶼֻװһˡ
ʤһС
£䶼͸ˡ
һޱҲǵģԽԽὲ黰ˣף˭ס
£㻹𣿡
ޱʵ⧲Ƭ̣૵á
ǡ
˼Ҷϵ
ҪЩõ¿ֵ£
ԣޱһȣû
ÿἰʱϵͳ˴ǡ
ŻޱģȫԷȫСڷ罺ᣬŶͽԷ
ϰߣѸһаŵ׵κκ´Ź
գͷʬڷ䴫ˣ׸ҲѹƲסСﶼǹͷĴ˵
ǶԹ֮˵Ⱦηֺ棬ʲôáһ׸ҥìͷָǰľɰ
ʱԴʷŽ¶ͨѹ˰̲նԴʷųն
㳹˽ޱʲô⡣
Ӣ
԰Уޱ˹ƷŲ裬ǳЦ
̲ԩٴԴʷİǣ㣬֤ݸĪС
Դʷ֮һӣֻҪ˺ӣ̲ܽ䡣
¶䣿
ޱȴҡͷ׮Ӧ֣ȥ졣
˴̲϶ҪơΪٶ꣬참˵֣ѸȨԡ
˾նȨ
ޱƵңֶ֣Σʮ⡣
֣ѵֶΣ
ԭ飬ī֣࣬ƽƣΪޱҪĸӦˢӵġ
µľһǶԵġ
Ųɡ
ޱ²豭תͷ˰ķıҪ
Եʯϣһ֦͡
ޱ˶ã˶á
Ҳе۵ġ
ޱӺīʱ㹴ճ֮Σϸıī֮ˡ
մ°׽ۣ˵ųһСɾ
£𣿡
Ŭάԭе̬
ޱͣʵǿ̣һ
ˡ
˳ܻͤУֻ֮һּΪһ壬ǲգȴĵһɡ
Ҫ˵ʩء
»á
ޱ䴽ˡ
԰գȻʲôŵ񷵻鷿
أһ䡣
ȥ꣬ϲޱǰ÷µһ꣬ⰻȻǸû䡣
棬ÿһʶΪרע
ƣ
ޱתͷͭеԼ任һơ
˵÷ޣһġ
Һϲ
˵䣬ѾΣҷΪһƣͷúһ
ޱһϮѣͷһǰתһȦȹΧ˸
ճյţһɡ
տϲ£
һȦޱֱת˫ۻסĲ
ˮ磬Ҫй
̫ްţʥϵһղһաˮ籾Ǿ֣ͬϻʵģȫٰ죬ֻ¶
йģ󣬹Ρ룬ˮԹĴͳ
ϣأ̺죬һƬٴɫܽޡıȱ磬ʢ䣬ɷۺ컨ˮи
ϯλٽ裬Ƽ˳λ£ȡ֮
֮ٲ˿ҡ輧ｻ䣬ϻʵҲɫ·ش㡣
ޱ൱͵ͷȫȥȲۺ죬ҲգǾĹ²ؼ
ͷһβμˮ磬治ѣǰǿ侳һζ
ȡһһߵĵѾѳһ
̺֮ͷʬͬʱ֮͡
һ֪Ҫʼˡ
ͷѾƵòˣʵ۶Ȼţֻǲܡ
£׼³Դʷһ
ۣвٴ׷롣
ɫĪ⣬ֻһ񣬴վ
ǹ磬ֲϳαɨˣ
ȻһףΪΪ񲻷ʱѵֻͼ֣
̲Ҳסˣս֡һʱ䣬ͬˮ𣬴ǹལá
ʱޱеĳžƲˣɫ
ҵ²Ҳ
㷹ѡ̵ͺˮ
һɲ룬֣ѾУƾλԣҲ̬

ϻʵŭ⣬žҿ
еı˳С塣
Ƭ̺󣬻ʵۻɫϵԾϡ
ǳǲпڵç򣡡
ִȻֹڳˢˢһƬ
Ϣŭ
Ȼ鵽ݶϣΪƽϢۣϻʵ۲òѳɰ֮սӽ˾
֣䣬ڽ᰸
֣ߵּ
ʥּһ£ĸʱɫз֪ڳıʲô
һжޱԤ֮нУףö˵󽻷ֽһ
ʽ鵽˾ӿ֣ͻȻϷ˼⡣
볯òͬά¾á
ιĹ򣬵񲻽ˣ䣬ʳһԵ
ʲôأ
ޱԱ
ͷֱԵе㵣ľѡ
ϾԭУ֣ҲӢŵı



77 
ǹ̫¾, õִǱǰ
ʳȴˮߡԼǱ, ӶԳĴΪȤ, ʱʱצ, Դ϶һڡ
Բ˹ûվ, ֻè, ۿҪ˶ܽӴۼֿ̻

ĳֻ, ѵ⣬㻹û, ˭˭èθڵǲС
лצӿ, ǲС
èŶ, ˡ
ʹ˼ʹתְӷŵޱϡ
ޱ
ӣ
һһè, ûãչޱ˫ϥ, һװ
, èӲ, ²˵
ôˣأ
è, ë޵èҴô֣Ӷ
ʵ˰ɣ
ȥСèԴ, ⲻ֪ޱҲպ˳֣Դϡ
ָǲ
ޱЦ˵
̧, ίͰ͵ȥ
£ֲСè
ޱЦȻң񫣬ôĿ鲻ÿɷ
ʱɫҴҵĸͤʱ쳣ࡣ
£֣³·̡
ڵһվʲô
ԭ֣ѾԼã³󣬶Ҫȥ̤ࡣҵȣӰĲ²˳֣ÿ³ıؾ֮·ҹȥ
˾Դʷԩһ󣬱෽ע糯󣬻ʵλ£ʱȻƻ衣ӹŵ֣ȥУҪС֣Ⱦˣ˳˽··
ˣ
֮Уˢˢεʮ̿͡汻Χס޷ݳ룬Ƶñͷܡ
ȥ֪ͨ
Ȼ̿кƲɵȥ·µģһܵóȥ
λεĺֱڣ֣ѻæȴ϶Էֱ˳ܲ
ˣ
ʯ֮䣬޲סöţһŽ̿߷ɣӿޣӦء

֮£֣ѷɢ䣬˿ͷɢĵڽУǱ
вĺ´̿ˣԱȥ˵ס֣ѡ
ѣڡ
䣬վһѵֻ֣ǿ֣ѣȴܴ˵ˡ
ʱ֪ӿһ̿ͽ֡Ƭ̣̿ڡ
֣ˣӣԲסЩ١
յϵĶ˱ȭʩ
лӳ
Խ֮μ棬ȴϧ֮⡣
ѣ˵Σ
֣ӣض˾ʡ
ӵҲҴңȥҲҴңȳ֮Ѹٳ롣ǵõϢ֣ѾѺʹ̿ͷض˾Ρ
£òʵѣľô𣿡
֣ס֣ͷ
ҾˣܻΣա
ȻˣҶ֧㡣
ӭߣһĨǳЦҲΣգҿԱԼҲܱ㡣
˻Գޱѵִﶼ˾
μ£
ޱض֣ӿˣ
֣ף˵£ǳ²
ôܹء
ļ򣬡ǰǶ˽ˡ
֣ѽԼ뷨ԭԭޱ
ˣ
ޱδŴӦȷϡ
֣ѵ¹񣬡ԸΪеĵ
ԳƬ̣ޱٴν
ˣ֣ȥǡ
ۼ˴ɹʶ͵͵* һķ򣬶ԷǺ֣һļᶨ顣
֣ѡ·һʼͲͣ£ܻڳеУһвͻᱻɡ
ͨѶ̿¿ڣìͷֱָ̲顣
֣ѸûԷʱӦԣʱʥϣ̲ͣڶ永ѺͶ˾Ѷҡ
ʵֻʱ䣬ֻգͽһ׮ԩ׷̲̿ҧֻƳ̲顣鷢չزҲ㹻ޱԤڣڳеҪצγ
õϢʱιèò֣̾Ѳǹµϯĸ
ڣЩ˷ϵģͲϸˡѸٵز޷Ƕ˿/
̧ЩŵҪȡ
ֽģҪˤ˸µĺǺƵġ
ܼҴͷ߰Сˣ̧˶̴ľ䣬Ŷȡ
ȥƣӭ

ۣʲô
ܼЦǸºٵġⲻ쵽µٳˡ
ԭϻʵ۵ĺ
԰ޱʱΪʵ۾׼
ʱޱ
̧ݣơ
ǡ
ССĽľŵƿӵ˲䣬ƺлҫ
ü⻹ͷһƼôĺɺ
˵ľɺԣϳ˵ĸ߶ȣžֵ֪ơ
ºôֱʡ
̾
ԣޱݸٳŮȻҪʾһ£Եͷ
ҵЦţɵܸо쬡
ޱ̧֣ȥɡ
ǣ
˾£ޱִ֡
䣿
ЦǺȦ紵ġ
㣬ǲչԼ
ţ뻳ʶס
ޱУϸ
أҪһ죬Ϳ쵽ˡ
ղֻһ£֤һĵ
ʵٳøʹ볤ǣν˫ϲš
ļǵãʹŵĵһλµҪ
ޱ˫˫¡سϯϻʵ硣
ʵƺѾɥ֮ʹлˣɫռתݵǵӰ
ϸɫ챦Ӯûʵۻġޱ⣬ȴʵϣ⻹ͷһν˾ѡ
ޱ˴ˡ
ޱԣøʷģʼ¡
ϻʵ۵ͷο㳤ˣ޵ĿԾͺáȥ¾ȥɡ
Աߣ״һΪޱƣһ߰Ը̡
ʹ
̸ߺϤΪ׵ʹ޴вƷиϡ
ϻʵ۽ոˣӦʡ
輧£޵ĸ衣仹ͷһεü裬档
ȺУһŮˮܽأ貽鶯࣬˵ĳ£ܿΪȫ㡣
ϻʵƺ񣬵ɫ˲ȴֻ
ĵλҪûˡ
һϣԻŮΪףл
μ¡
ʹæܣ£޵謻ݹ
˵ǹȴǳ֮ŮŮŮ
Ϊ謻ݹ
ʵζ޵ߡ
һڳɫ죬رǵĸӡ



78 
ٹٵ, ò謻ݹö֮˻ʵ࣬ƽƽ
ĸϵı龫ʼˣٹ, ˼졣
ٿϻʵɫе˼謻ݹ, ƺ޲ھͰ˴غȥ
޽׹Ʒ, ˲档ʹλ, , Ծַ
Իʵۣ謻ݹܻӭ, ﲨüȥ, ·ˡ
񰵵﷭İ۶ûвɫе, ʵ۶, ܵ˼ҵˣôΪϲ
˾ʷ׳ʵķӦ, ΨޱִƱϸϸƷζ, ߹޵Ц⡣
任, 輧̵ǳ, ɻʵû, ȫע謻ݹϡ
Ҿ¡
謻ݶƱ
ʵĴã
謻ݹþ
Ѿٷ۶, ͷԼҵ£ӦûĸŮԸ⿴ϵ, ޱȴû˿ã²ؼƵġ
һͷǡ
²𣿡
˼Ҷֹ
ޱ䴽ΪҪ󹬵λȥɡ
ԾǳԾ
ջޱӣ˵Ȼ
δ˵ڣ˶ӵײ˵ĵط
ӽβϻʵݹӭеĵڶ
ʹʱ£˴謻ݹԭʵΪҳסһֱĽ£Ըԭݡ
ʹԣ̲ס̣һӹϵʲôĽģ
ʵ۴ϲ»
ȥת⣬ˡ
ţʵǣ謻ݹ֣˵´͡
𣬲謻Ϊɡ
л¡
謻ӯӯ°ݣܿ챻ʵ۲
ٹˢˢʥϲˣҲĸӡ
ۼʵŻ뿪ĨٻӰ޲Ҫ˿
ҹסݴĳסĵطʵ۵޻ݴδʵ
֮󣬺󹬴ϢƱ¶ɣҲȥĹնʵ۵һ档
ޱȴǰʵ۵׳˭Ŵ⽥ŨɽҺ̣ŵһ𵽽̤ȥˣЩԺ
˴ٵѣ뵗ɽˮٶɪ
ɽˮϪļ˳ʯͱѶ£Ƿï
ѣܻޱߣ簤ż硣
£뵱Ļʲôϵ𣿡
ҪΪʲôϻʵסݴ˳Ĳơ
ޱԴ۳硣
֪Ļʲôʥ裿
Ҳûܡ
ҡҡͷסޱĸ첲ߴ٣¿콲
ޱͷǳЦΪ衣
ԭˡ
ףԭϻʵۼ謻ݹ裬Լİ
ǻʵ۲̰ͼɫػݣһζûȥ̽
Ķ費һʱ
ޱĵס
ɫʲô³Ȼɼ
ͷΪȻҪûޱǸλãܲвȡ
Һ˵Щʲô
ޱ̾ϢһҡҡͷֻҪÿ춼ĵľͺˡ֮£ǲز֡
Խܻ䣬ͷԽ
ÿÿޱϲգ
Ҫһǵİɡ
еΡƣǰֻܿľͺá
¡
Ȼ뿪ڣͱޱ»ȥ
˫ᴥѷ֡
ְԼ˵ʲôˡ
ޱ˿ʱ˫뵣촽Ʒ
£㲻
յ
ޱȴЦ
ͷͨ졣
ÿ㲻ҿڣͶ˼ơ
ؼԼûĴβеģǳһǵһǵһǵ
ޱٴθԴϣ˱ס
ԣ˴˺ö㰮Եĵģ
СɺӺ塣񵹺ãʮӶʮ
˼˴һ֣ݺݵҧһڡ
ޱûʲôθڣеĸ㶼Ƹһ飬ιȥһ顣
ԵԲĹĵģһĵݹʱҡͷ
ԲˣʵǳԲˡ
ޱƽˣ
ΪжƵƵͷ
ԣѰذϣߵʹ
ޱﲻݵ˵
ȿȡ
ûסԼǺˡ
ޱĵİı˳ôˣ
һʼٸߣ޹ĵͷ
ôֻҲ
ޱ˼Ƭ̺ɷµǰؿԱô󣬾Ϳˡ
⹦򣬵תƺڵȴϵͳʾ
ڻֵû
ϵͳҪңڻֵûж
һʱ֪ϲǡ
ޱӱɿ
ģдƵ
أҲȥ
һܾûޱʲô֪ˡתһ룬ͷڻ
ȻҾһ·Ҳصߵġ
Ц˵ȴһŵ
ޱ˫¶ȣһĸⰲ
ʹ뿪Ѱ࣬ϻʵ۴Ӹտʼ緢𽥱þ񲻼ãǷǰ̫ҽһһǲЧ
ʵԽԽٶȴ
ǰȥݴʥϣȴɲͣڹ⣬ôһ档ޱʱ׾ٵľͽ˻ݴš
ǻޱ
ٴμ棬ϻʵ۱ҪݣɫҰܣǰѾ
ޱףʣ֪ʽ岻ʣһЩƷΪʲ
ʵѵúɫˣɡ
Ůͷһƽ͵Ľ̸ͬѰ˼ҵˣ˵Щҳ̡
Ⱥ򣬲ˮףԲޱ
⹦򣬻ȴ

æ񣬡ﲻ񡣡
ݸЩ˶²衣
ݴŨŨż
Ƭ̣ޱˣɴ棬һͷ
䴽ʩ񣬡ߡ
״üôӣ
һֱţɻȴŲʡ
ꥣ뿪˹ſڡɿ챻ʱﻵˡ
£ݴʲô㰡
ҵ¿϶ŵó
ޱ̧㣬һЩϵ׺˷ܣټһ/顣
ʲô
¶죬ԭǿġ
ٿޱ˵˵ãԵ֪顣
䷽Ŷʱĳȷţ빬ǰޱ֮һн
ʱޱĺ˼롣
ʲô
ֱԣºʱɴߵģ
ʵֱˣޱҲ
ʹŵִﳤ֮ǰ
ô磿



79 
ԭ, ޹볤Ǳƿءסİѱڰѱʲô, ûԡ
ھ, ɸĳͬӮ, ԭƿء
, ޱ֪޲, λɵĵϸ֪
ԭ謻ݹˣԭ, 丸ԭУξռһţΨһѪԶޡշת, ԭռСŮŮ
Ȼ򣬡, ģ
Դʷһ, ռͬͨѹܱº, ֻӳԭһ
ռСԭѡһ·
Ե°
ޱȴҲûа, ֻǸʥϵϲ, ôԼ¡Ժ, Ҳ˵Ϊ
ʼĩ, ֮ҵĻ֣ȴܶ
衣
ǵ, ôȫأ
ģҵҲ̫Լ, һûС
ԣޱһ£Ȼ֪ұ㣬ʲô𣿡
̾ĳ
»ǲҪ̫ˣȻҲǲαˡֻǡ֮Ҫɲܱʲô˵ʲô
ޱ󣬺Цֻ㰡
ǧﻯһ̫̾ô죿ͷ۵롣
ϵͳܲܲҪñ˻ԣܸˡ
񣺡㲻Ȥ
ϵͳޣ
񣺡ΪϵͳشС޿ɲá
ϵͳ
Ϊ
ޱɹע
æս֣С
˴ңҶи¡
ҵȻ֪
ޱӯ飬ᵫʧᶨ
ϣ˶пܱǰزᡣҪˣֻаؾ͹ˡ
Żɵĵó裬󹬱죬ʧϢֶߡǿʼ˰ͽᣬݴż챻̤ƽˡ
ɻʵ۵һղһգӰ쵽糯ܼϻʵһ£ʱһնֻλֳҰʼλﲻԡ
ò糯ʥϣʾǰ˵ڱӣʥϵĲкת
ϻʵǲͶҽΪ棬ǰ˼䡣ңٹ٣ƺƵǰ
еΧ˰գֳֳìסǰӿȺ
λڻʵۺ֮󣬻λн˻˯
ԴһһĴ˯˯ǰŵģֳѺȴԼޱ˲˼ҵ˱
Ͻֱ壬ǡ
ãûˮȻˡ
ޱüۺЦ˯
ָͷ˯ˡ
һ̣ޱȴԼߣ˫ϥϣһ˫ָ࣬İ̫Ѩ
˳ţͲᳳˡ
ǼƵĻ㣬ֶỺŷ񣬸ˡ
ǿƤϣֱޱ
ô˯𣿡
գ۾˯ȥ
˯ŵ¡
μǴǰϦɣʵΪ˳ȥһá
ڴ˴νܱѣʧȥȻһͿأ챻Ľ乬ա
ޱЦһסͷ䴽ǳֹ
ˣڹԹ˯ȵҽ㡣
ɵ񳹵ײˣӻɣɷ˵ƷأǳϸϸƷζ
˳˽ңԶ㳵޵춯
֣ޱæ룬ֵĵһۡ
ء
ΪȻûƼ
㡭
ޱղѣסԲ⡣
˵
Ҵˡˣѽۡ
񲻹ģǱס档
£ȥݷģôô嶯
ۼĳ˵һңޱ˫ţһʱ
űԲ֪
ҺΪѵġϾҵĶ㣬ʵھջ󣬵ʱ
ޱЦˣĿƣ𴽽ǻ
񡣡
ãˡ
΢Цȥ˼Һ塣
£ҶأҪ
ƽ˾ȴǼɹڸЧãû˻ԡ
ǵݣ񻻳ɻɣʵԸɫˣֻɡ
ִﻤº󣬴׵ޱ԰ʵۡڶԺԶ
ǰիٲ˵ġޱٴλһ£δʩ죬ˮܽء
дʱż̧ͷǰĹ£ĿԶþòջء
Ǹܵߣޱ̧ͷ߽㡣
鳭ˣ
ҡͷûС
ޱĪڣ޼䣬ȴ̲ס¶
ˡ
Ҳ

ΪʲôԺƣͣ
㡭
ޱ˫ոֺΣȴƳĽ

ǵԼͰ˻ҲǵðرɮƻӸߴһԾ£Ŀͬ췢һ
ޱżȥ
أ⼸տЩΣգҲж򲻿뿪ߡ
֪Ӧ·ģһţƤƵģճڵϣ˺˺
˵ţһˣޱ
֡
ޱԵ첲һ¡
ɿң𲻾
Ҳ
Լڸߵأʱ˺ͣװݡ
ޱ޼ƿʩУͻȻ֮Ĳ´Ƭ̡
⧲ֱһһӿˡ
˼Բˬޱûӿ뵗żšֻ˿΢ңϢȣ˼
֣ʲôʱˣôƤ
ߣĵԵЩ
ڣޱµġ
£治ˣޱȴ
أڵ𣿡
»Ǹ£ȥġ
ʵͷŵ£һóԸ
ޱסָ֣΢
£һҪͰسأԼ¡
ڼһж׼ֻʼ
ɫ˽ϴ£Яǰ̳
뼯̳ܣϻʵ۵ϸ̨м񡣼̳֮ϣȼգڵһ˸ߡ
ƽʵĶˣǺ˼롣ʱ֣ǿԼά򶨡
岻ʣδμӵζʲô˭ס
ײ£
ʵ㣬ȴ
£ʮѹۿҪˣ



80 
ѳŴˣ/ǣ
, ڽߺţñɣ
ϢƵȫҪƿسǡ
ӣ
ϻʵ۵ŻѪ, ֱͦͦȥ
£
һ, ʵ۱̧̫ҽ, ڲ, ˵ȽȺ
ӷ𡣡
ɴɮԺڴ, Ϊʥо
ͷۣڹŶ䡣
, ʵۺȻʡ, Ψޱʩ˰дŸӣͳ쳯ڳ, 佫ƽ, ĳػ¡
ޱܣǵķӦ۵, ̶䲻Ͱ̤ÿһ
̫ҽǸæΧѯʱΡ
̫ҽޱ, ص, , סʩ, ´
͡
ޱȻǳЦϲŭ
ʱĳЩϳʼìͷָ, ŰѴŮƳȥƽҡ
ﵱ
ŮǵĻ, Ƿ
ɱɱ
һ˴ͷĳ׷Ӧ
ޱһԣԹۣڧ
ĸ˿̽⿹ѾܽΪƽͷ󣬷ɱʿܱߣΪһߡ֣ӴŶ˾ЭУǸɢաڻµĹϵΨһˡ
˻ǴͷԷɡ
и̣·۹۰˷ֹд̿ͻд̡
ʤڴһ٣أҲĹ
£
Ż徲ĵɫޱСĵĻ
ޱ䴽ִ̧ĸ첲ϣ£ʾġ
бңԭֵĽһƬǽ壬ֻ̤ʣϱڲԫ
ܽʿֿʮ/ȴ·硣ټϳٳԮøܵУʧȥȻ
ûϵޱһ֧սĶ飬һ̽䡣
ȻѾδ־ܣԸ翹ʤδ֣һжתء

ǳ⣬ڣɶȾߣ·ʵΪ󲻾ȱˣʥϣ˵ҪɱΣ
һ°ˡϳŭԣƲδм룬ֻΪ
ֻϺ֪꣬˾̫ðգʶƲ¡ҪӮˣӮҪˣҲ
һǸǽͷݡ
⹦̴Ҵһ˵ǻʵȻѡ
ޱתһϳ⡣
ϻʵϣɻɷ̺ˮݿ¡һϢӣΣա
񲻽̾ʵ۵ͦǿ
£檿ܾҪ¶ȥˡ
˫ᣬ޵滨꣬ۡ
Ȼʵ۲ǵУѸıԣæŰοˡ
ģӣ޶úó޲Ҫ㣬عԺ޵Ļˡ
Ĩȥᣬл´
ޱһۣ
һһҹ˽־İΪ档
ӱ޸ϻػ£ǰ
£ѾѱѹΪ׽ѺС
ϻʵۿһοͷ
أѺҪ
֮˳һ˲ʵԸ档
ر£ڻв
һʵٶѪʣҳٶңֳһȹǺ
ԣޱתȥ˫
ϵͳŮڻֵٷ֮ʮ
һĲ࣬ܽ
ְ֣æðգæµѣ÷ѡᶼһʲСĿ
ػʹ̫ҽԺۻݴΪȻ̫ҽԻ췦;ƿ¡ǲ˵ڻʾ£ֻһЩķӡ
ްţʽ乬ʵ֣ûдɵ乬գ֪ԭ²׷ס
ٷϴˣޱʽҰʵ۵״Ѿ֧糯ֻɹ
ٹȫޱġ
ٹ󣬵Ĳֹһǰ㣬ѡͬҵᴢ֮λĻޱٲػŲ
ޱæµһ쵽ڴ/񡣵ߣʳӣüʵܡ
£Ե㶫ɣһʱģҪǰˣɲ㡣
ŷ˽鷿ڣޱ౾Ȱ
˵˾͵û˵ޱԼСһ취ûУԹԾͷ
ģܽʢţٶһƬ
׼ȿθˣְ˲ĸش䣬Ӫ⡣ޱ/£Ȼ
ʳƿɱȲ˳ҩǿˡ
Ϊʢһ* ˵벻ǣúóԷúϢܿ˲Ų¡
֪
ޱ̾ݹʲôյȫա
ԽԽ߶ˣƫƫ޷
ʱڣĵûдӴӷɽ
Щϰˡ
£˽ʿ빬ʥϲã̫ҽԺ޲ߣʿ˳Ƴҩ
סԼ죬ʱ
ʲôҩؽĶҩ
Ͷҽ
ºɿԼ
£ͷλ𣿲Ӱɣ
ޱȻס֣ϸϸĦ
֪ԼʲôⲻӦùܵ¡
ͷŻޱжϣ֮ð°ҵ
ʿӿ볤ǣÿ˶׬ϻʵ漣ĻָһЩȺйݾ֡
ܳ£ÿйжǸƽԴöȿǰݻҪեɹ/⡣
ԵޱԲܣɽַҪӣΪȻ˳ͻòһΣΪ֮
ڻǸȰģ֮󣬱ֻŻʵ۳֣δٴӻ
ȨգĴԾԾԣҪǶܼҾ֮⣬Ҫѹż̤ơ
֪ǻعⷵգԵʡʵ۵徹һձһպʳ糣
ͻȻ˴Ŷޱ빬
񲻷ģһ˹ſڣɻʵû˵ֻϵȺ
ޱԽݴ̽ϻʵۡ
ޱˡ
ʵĳǸذŮĸס
ϧޱɵ𣬲ԼŶٸŮ֮顣
ϣʵһҪشȨ
޵ӺöˣͲˡ
ޱһĨǳЦֱ̧ӻʵۡ
ʣۡǸʣźתգţǻ췦
ʵ˲ɫǳˣ𣡡
ޱףҡ
ңΪЩ޲֪ڸʲô˶ΪҪδͳˣ
ʵЦ޻ڣûԵĶӣֲһŮҡ
ͬʱܾϻʵûġ
Ѱȥһޱ



81 
, ҳɻ빬ȥ̧ͷͼޱԹųˡ
æӭȥ´, ȷ˰Ȼ
¡
ޱ΢Ц, ̶ҡҡͷ
, ͬص, һлǵԶʹ顣
ͷо, ͷȻ֮
һ·ʵ̲ס
Ϊˣ
˵ЩĻ, ҪԶ볯ѡ
ޱв
ѣջػȨ
ǵ㡭
ޱɻĿ, ƽһ˿Ц⡣
Ҹҵ롣ҵļƻ, ҵĿ, ֪Һ
ԣһ
ھ˵𣿻ʵۻû, ѵԻʵ۵ѿѾʮа˾ţ
²¡
ʲô
ޱбϡ
ָˡ
̫ҽ֪޽ĬЧԵĵҩ⼸յĻعⷵա
ҩЧһ;ƿݵ˲ΪԼ, ȴ֪ȴĻǸǿҵķɡ
ž⼸ɡ
ޱ˫, ס, ʮָۡ¶ȱ˴˽, иŶԷĴڡ
һеľֶҲµģҲ乬ʶޱ
ͣƬ̣ʵ, ұ𣿡
µޱС̽, гһԼΪİ֮˾Զ룬ͣ£û·
ϵͳ棡Ůڻֵٷ֮ʮ취ס
ľС̾ϢԵø
Ҷ֪ģޱԶվߣǡ
һһ䣬ᶨơ
¡
ͻȻиޱ˯ˡһֱſڣŰ˽ѡ
תޱȴӣҪԼ
ôء
ЦΪ
ʱɫҴңд·
ֻ嵽ǰϥأ¼ݱ빬ִ֡

Ȼǽ졣
ϻʵ۵Ϊжճõĵҩƥ䡣ʿﱻץӸϵ
ޱŵΣᱣһ
ȻǸϻػʹȴԾ齫Լϣֻδޱ޶Ͼϵ
գޱʵ飬ʹ˻ĵʿȶãġ
һ޾ȵΨһʣѪӦελһЩϳȴŮ֮ڸκ죬ֻÿŹϱ
ȵպޱʽǻƵۣĹΪʥ
µۼλͷһ±Ǽٿ˰˰ѧãʾʶƵ
ǻ䵱ʱޱŷۣͷڣĿµϴ󱦣ܰٹٳݡ
ʼڲԶۼ֤һĻһֱμĳ
Ļޱڿ³ɡ
νһһ֣ѺȻΪµұۣɳҰ֮аٹٰͽġ
ҡһ䣬Ϊ¹ŮˡǲɢҪ̣ļ񸮵ǰԼ߶̴ӾɹŮӹ죬ɵİӪ죬ֱʥͳ졣ܼѸߣʶعе
빬Ұڷǹԭޱʽʺģˡ
ŵϸλҪ»кܶ࣬ǻЩϳл˵µǲżһӦΪء
ǵʥϵҵۡ
סȻҲ˰һ˵õȮȤ
ĳȹĴˣҲ࣬Ӷ־ΧųתԲҲҪš
һѾ֧ͣһϴѸײڶ֮Ƴ
ʱޱӦûû糯
׼𣿡
ŮǰصӵĻ׼ˣ֤»ܳϡ
ڵȷʵЩΣǹȴ˻ʵۡҪɣʵݻҪڡŮǺԣʺҲԣʶֱӳƺΪӡ
˵ܲٲܲٵ䣬ޱ糾͹۳硣
¡
ӭȥŶӣôҲý
˭֪񣬾ͱޱֱǣסִڵ̶ңź
½ɳɴæˡ
ޱɫƣֱһɣϡ
ǰϼһûһʡ͵ĵơ
ఴ̫ѨЦΪԽأ
ޱ̧һ
ǶŮӣƫҪǹԹԵĸ׳Ƴ
űһ
˵ţͷͷӡһǡ
ޱʱû˺˫սΡ
͵Ϯ
ķӦɰˣ˺ü£Ӷͷüۣٵգۿɼɺƻ
ˣƤô
֣Ҿˡ
ޱŻ
ѳȫȻ£˵˼ǿңˮཹð
¿ɴˣǰ¶
ޱȡ·ڣۼīٲк£һ˿ָ⡣
Ϊ㶨ɲУ̩ɽǰ治ɫ
ͷͷǵһ
ޱ̧ȴԲ֪
ţƿ෭һȦ˿л׷ȥޱ˷´档
Ƭ̺ٶȱƿһãȻĴԭء
ޱ½ԼϢȣȴԾ侲Գ֡
صĶҲôá
ֻأĹ˭
ޱתµأŮš
£ޱҴ
Ͱ׷ȥڵ׷
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
ţ
ͣסŲĥζ
ұ¿ķǵҲ̫ȶ˰ɣ
׷ˣޱ۷
ôˣء
ԭز˵ޱΪ˶ˣϽǣСᡣ
Ȼթ
ƼޱĵΪвˣš
ܺͰһţá
аңҺܸˡʹǰٶ谭ҲΪ塣
ԹסѯԵɡ
ϵ׳ʲô£
ޱҪ⺼ΪĳЩϹŶȰɡ³жŮӸвǰˡ
ǰΪЩϳҲ벻ŮٳŮ볯£˳Ӧ
Ǳ´
ޱЦһѾ˾ϡ
޲ֻҪ⺼ӣҪӣ͸־֮ʿŮΨ߾֮
Ӣ
񵱼Ʊ
Ȼλãܲĸһ²ߣָտɴ
ĴŮ



82 
ϳʱ, ޱȴ飬ּͣʽΪ󽫾, ܽͬʱ, ޱЯΪ⽫, ӡ
ʥּһ, ϳǽɵ, Ǵûôһʱ벻Բߡ
, ޱͬһʱڣٽʥּ, Ůӿƿ֮·, ͬΪ١ڳҰκ, ٴԴǹƣͼʥ⡣
ޱ, ѡһǹ顣
δ̫Լ¶ˡ
Է²裬¡
²ȫǡ
óҰʣ²̫ӺĲԼЩ̲ϹŶ, ͳͳԻ
ֱԼǴͷĻ
, ޱǳЦ, ⡣
ֻ̫ഢ˲ſɶЩϳλ, ࿪ƿѡһˣͼ֮ùɱӺﻹûġ
ޱѡ, ĳڳҰľӰһ, ûˡ
֪ߣҲ
ʳЦӯӯȰأܿϢ˰ɣ
ޱͷһרɻֺƸ⣬߶󹬵ĴСˡ
¿̫ܸˣûҵ֮ءǱѡˣдܼҷ緶
񲻽̾Լڿƽˡ
ŶˣѡƵգǰѻ°˰ɡ
ݻ͸ðģΪɵ鵽ڡޱΪּٰСһ׮
ޱãѡɡ
ҡͷԼѡºͷĴ¡
ޱݸã㡣
̧רעߣЦ¶á
ԸãֻҪҪ
ޱסҶ㡣
ҿɲñµ
ʧЦҵı¿ǧ
ޱƶ֪زҵġ
֪ߣޱҲ
ѧģ˵˫ۻ˼ҵʣδɿ
ʱϵͳԹȻƾ
ϵͳ㿼ǹҵĸ𣿡
񣺡Բס»ؼǵ㡣
ϵͳ
бֵķзʥּ˶ʵˡ¶׼ļλϳǹٻ磬Һ˽档أҲûд󳼸ôǹвϾĻϻ硣
ޱ̾Ҫһǽд빬̫ҽԺ£һƱ֣ϡЩϳǻŮ̫ҽ֣ѾԱݣŮ֮糯
Ұٶը˹׷鵯֣ѣŮװŮ֮ӭŮӣΥ٣۾
ֵǣʼգ඼̬ά«ʲôҩ
£֣۾ϣܲʹ
ʷ̨ڳϳ£һ̾ײڴ֮ϣ
ޱǳòͷڣ֪ݣհ˼۾ϣ۵ĸ
⡭
ʷ̨·вͨ㿪ʼĶס
ƭѵô𣿡
೤̾һλСŮ֪Ը֣ˡж︣ľͲˡ
⡭
ߵ·ˣʷ̨޲֮£òʹ˴סޱ˳ѹе֣ѵ౾ʹԳͨ衣
µ۵һǿƲ£ϳǶ졣ɵ֪˲ֻʱݷȴʱ
ÿÿ޲꣬ҿۼֿ죬û顣
԰̺죬ҷϾ֮ʱ㱧һȦÿÿ̤ǹţ󶼻һȺŮǼ԰ȴǺƺƵ
ǲöҡ
¹ŮȴӣūǱߣǲ»ūǵġ
ۼŮǾҪæס
͸ɡ
ŮǵĿ죬ȥҲ죬շ磬תۼ·Ƶġ
񿴵һһ㶵ģᶼұ½̵İɣ
ѹ¹ŮеߣСֹ߻ţʶ¶ˣ
߻ףӣūڹ꣬ʶꡣ
üû´ԭǱڹаŵ֮һ
ͷ¶Ȼı飬û׷ʡ
طǹʱޱڵȺʱˡ
½³ô硣
˳˹ȥûȣһͷ˼һ
ޱˣ٩ͶͱǺѧ𣿡
һ²ŹѰġ
ء
ޱȻɫץ֣Ǻ֮ϣ
ʱˣҪ⵱ҵĻʺ˳İҡ
֣ѵҲΪͷ̺õ·
鰡
ǵûޱһʱ򣬻ԼԸԸΪ
ޱͻͽο
̵ģԾά򶨡
Ƭ̺ͷԸ⡣
ʥּŵݹ¡ʥּУŮݱۺʽסǹƽƽ
ǻûعζһٴ˼ɵµۣǵϴεĽѵûͷ񡣿Ҳ˲֪ڸģٴ鷴ԡЩޱĿ֮Уʲôˡ
ճ׼йæĲɿΪ£ƷŮװ磬еζҪ
ϽȹŽͼڣ˿ͷڣսҡȵĴڹβ
ޱ´ڣֽоǳԡ
أ
أЩϰߣò˼΢΢ɫ
أ
ޱǣ֣һͬϱʱ͢ҲΪۺ
ųصͷڣֱ̬ͦ
ִ˵㲻Ļɴˣ
ϵͳϲŮǰڻֵΪٷ֮壡
⾪ȣȻôࡣ
ޱ粢ż磬ʮָۣЦ⣬ˮģֱ޹ϵ
֪ǣޱ泯ʦʱֻʣĮϡ
Ǵɣ񿴵ϵĶʱܾﲻԡ
⻭ҵררҵһޱӦúĺòá
ľߵ̬޿ɺǵС
ޱɨڵĻͣ
°ɡ
ǡ
ʦϻ̳ϿֵĹ񣬵ų˴
ձ䣬ڴȴûɵĻţܾʲô½ҪŵԽָоԽԡ
ޱҡ
꣬¼Ҵڣ˶ˡ
£سˡ
һ㶣ǲϻʵ۵ߵܣǻޱ
ôͻȻˣ



83 
ԭ鱾µ۵ǻԲ, Ȼı˽֣淢ж޲ο
ǵᵽ䣬ر, ̾, Ӳس, ͻȻ, ²ʲô¡
񣺡ϵͳ, ˵ʲô
ϵͳҲ
񣺡ܲһΣ
ϵͳеϵͳѲڷ
񣺡
ϵͳǿס, ǵÿԼ
գھС빬, ͬٹһ̨¹
˴λس챦µ, Աġ㷲, ܾĿģ²ǳŻλģ
뻱ޱò׹ն, Ⱥ̫Ӻ谭Ѳʱչ־谭̫, ʱв
Źĵ, ع, һ, ȹ̤ʯףӭŸ̨֮ϵޱ
Ŀ֮, ϸ̨µ۲һ, ִһ㣬ݡ
֮¶Ϸӡ뱦ᣬʸͬʱޱǣ֣ܰٹٳݡ
Ȳμʺǧǧǧǧ꣡
ʼգޱ߲ңǧջΪһ飬
Ⱥŷ׼Ƽȣֻϱ
ޱͬλ۵Ⱥյ˲Ū˿ҡ
±ѽԲˣԲˡ
ŵΪȣޱȴʼղֻ꣬ſ
ޱȴأҴѾûźˡ
ԣ̧Ŀ⽻ʱѷ֣·֮Ψʣ±˴ˡ
ϵͳϲŮڻֵĿǰʣٷ֮
Ҫˣøˣȴ˲Īɬ
ޱĺڻֵΪʱԼǲǾҪ뿪ˣ
ϯλҲ࣬ȥۺ󣬱Ϊ
ֻƱº
䲻֪ĿģӻҪġޱһؾ
£ڻ·һλĹʽ˵رټʺһ棬ǳͰһˡ
Ц⣬°˴
룬ʺӦҲ
۴õԤǿҡôʲôʽ
⹦Ȼֹ輧¡һŶ
ժ¶ʱȻʧɫ
Ȼš
μ£ʺ
ŷЦĶŵ
ɻǵ£ϾڡϧþûϹˡ
ɱ/ˣ޲ϵɳĿ֮£
ʱϳʼ˽
Ļ𣿡
԰ǱǰϵĻš
ԣû
ޱʶס֣Էָ߬ĸˡԾɵȻԶԣ˿
빬Ǻ⣿
˱ģȴǱڱߣͼв졣֮Ŵ˵ȶ֮ˣ
дʣ֪ĻΪǹذȻ˾֮ģѾȻҡ
£ŷͻȻڴ֮ϣָصʺй
£һɵϵϸ
һһƬȻϣѾʼ׼ʺ
֪һﲻôһ졣Ѿˣ̫ɱˣǹ⻷Ϲۡ
ûйôֻޱɶԷ˿ɫ͸⣬ٲӡ
Ҳϵͳ˵
񣺡ϵͳϵͳ
ϵͳеϵͳѵߡ
񣺡
¾
ϳʥϳ¡֣Ϊ׵ĳͬŴһ֮ǡ˫ֲ£ִһʣúõϯתۼ˴ǹལս/
һɺԣ
ޱȳ⣬˲ž˹
ݵʺﲻˣΡ
ʥһ£ǰˣȴ浲ס
£ɵأܾʹѹ£
Գ֮ͷ
³飡
ʱգطãνĲҲҩˡ
Ȼ
ֲЩӣ඼û뵯ԭٴͶء
ޱ췴𣿡
ң
ǹţȴͦñֱ
ԽɽΪأ±˹ƻʺˣı棬һ˵ȽԱʹôʺҲܶ
֪ɲ׷ָ֤Ϊ¡
£Ϊ֤٣Ϊ档
³Ӽַͬһ⵽ס
Ȼŷȴ׼вݷϵ֤ݣǡ񡱵Ͷ
Լɵˣʲôʱǩ
ֽ֣ǩֻѺ
ŷ־䣬
²ţ˱ȶԡ
֤Ե֤ȴ޴ӽƱ硣
¡
ſڣͱޱˡ
ģΣ
Խһ㶣֪λʲôơ
ޱЦ޵ˣǱȡΣͶϡ
ԣʱסˡ
ޱ/
˭Ҳû뵽ʥ֪ʺϸݺ󣬷ǵûзĿɳ𣬾Ȼ鶼Լϡ
һʱ䣬ҲĲ·ƻסˡޱ˵ǵײȫڣܿ죬ٴηˣԵΪ
ޱɢ˹磬ŵ񷵻غ󹬣Ⱥ
ǹŽգŮϤ£ֻ¶ԡ
Ϳտ˽Եø塣
ϵͳֹޱ̹ϣ뱣ܡѾҴˣҲûٱصıҪ
ޱҲġ
Ȳѡ
ҧ˵ĶģҵݾϸҴδɹ¡
ãޱӦ»ң߹ȥޱ൥ϥ¡
㻱ޱҲֹǡ
㲻Ը𣿡
ۿʵҵĴʹ飬㣬Ҵˡԭ𣿡
µ۵ǻѾ* /ȺسǣЩĴ治ĳִⱣᱻϻͷΣ˵췴
ʱҲнʿԿ⣬ⲻһսսǲŻָƣپսҡʱֱͻ²ߡ
ؼʱ̣ϵͳӰһ˶ڷ˼⡣
ǲ±ģֻޱ
Ϊõ𰸵ʱޱȻ
㡣
һֱ㣬ءҶΣ˭أ



84 
ϵϢֶ, ӳô䣬ѷз
ŷݱٲ, ޱͼɷ𰰵/ɱҲˡ
ɷϺ౾ԽԽ, 鰸ޱһ, ôšȻȻ˽ŵĵز, Ұ, ƺΪһˣɽܻһ
ԴΪ, ʷ̨Ϊʮӳǰ, һһҹȥ
òͨ, ӲͷƤҲûʥϡ
, ǲȥ˵Ǳ²ϷϺ󳹲, Ҫ־
ԣޱӿ䣬۾ɨϡ
޳ȫǡ
, תͷͼ, æȥˡ
鷿, ֻǽ塣ƿϵ, ǰ
£ñ·ˡ
ޱ̧ͷɺ, תԼ, §סʡ
ûе£һЩС£ް
ϵϵͳػǼһѾ·ˡ
ĺ󾱣¡
²ңҶ֪ˡ
öҳˣࡢ֣ѣǺˣѿסµľ档
̶̼գ˼ǣһͷϾһλᡣ
½ҽȥɡ
ܡ
ޱѿڶû
ţޱ˿ްƽĿڣҿ԰Ƕɱˣ˭飬˭
ϵͳؾŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
ϵͳ֪
򲻿ɡ
߼ˣѵ֮׵һлˡ
͵ʦǲûмʤ㣬涯֣ܿܳԿ
Ŀģ϶ޱ᲻öҪͬһĳΪУɱ¾ʵšȻ˳µȡ֮
Ҳʧȥ㡣
ޱۿͨ죬ˮ뵣Ҫ
ȴֻúĵޱ˵а취ȫһʱ뿪Ҳһ㡣
Ҳ
ޱܾٶȽ§㲻뿪ңҾԭ㡣ߣҲҪץ
ֱԼұµǰδУ촭ˡ
Ҳ밡
񣺡ϵͳ˵仰ѽ
ȻشһƬš
ϵͳˣ
ĳǶŶͷһһĻ赹̧ȥҽΡʣµȻִͦؼԭء
ޱͬ飬ΧסǹκԼУͬڽ㡣
ԱûޱǺΣҲһŲ֪
ټĹʳȻͬһչ˵ܵҲճΪʺȴ˸ͬ͸¶һ㹬
ÿգľϵͳеʾ
ŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮˣ
ؾŮڻֵٷ֮ʮ壡
ϣƤ̧
ϵͳ㻹𣿡
ϵͳĵˣڵģ
񣺡һбѡ𣿡
ϵͳװʱչֵ֪ͨѡһѡʧܣʼδԽᡣ
ôʱ䣬ʱչʲôУҲܲ³߰ˡôܺĵ£
񣺡µĴʲô
ϵͳѡ£Ůعԭн֣ǻŮĽ乬ɼŮֱڻֵ㡣
֪
̾ٻȥ
ıξķٻص乬
񣺡ûеѡ𣿺ôҲôãһŻݶûУ
ϵͳıľ̫ˣͷûһ۱һۣҲסѽ
ˣͲΪһʵϰϵͳˡ
񣺡֪ˣ죬Ҹ𰸡
ΪʲôͻȻ֣ǿڻֵ̫죬ʱչŪµġ
ʲô˲𣬲ٴһء
ֻǣޱ
񵱼溰ˣҪ¡
Ӧڵǹ¹Ů߻ֻǰŵ񹧾
³зæ޷ԡ
վǱȥ
߻ͨһ͹ˣ£²ǹҪΪūǡȥˣūǾûˣ
ȥˣ߻ȫǻޱ̵ġڵãԸˡ
ȥɡ
߻һϲæͷ
л
Żޱаɡ
ε̾ϢһҪӡ
ūȥ
ӱŮڵأ齣뵗ǡ
ѽǲԲˣ
ߣèָУҲ˼ĶԹԵ˵һѡ
һʱ뿪һ£Ҫúű֪𣿲׼ѹ
ͷ۾ɫӨ͸
Դ
֮ҪԹԵġ
ҹʳ޵ֿĵͷһûθšӱŮߺŴͷ֪ʱ˯ˡ
ҪʱԼеٻӰ
ޱ
͵۾ǰĽɫޱڴߣĿ֪˶á
£ڿˡ
ޱգᡣ
ôò㣬æʵڳ鲻˵ûţ岻ҪҪ̫ҽ
ֱĶ˼ңޱ˿̵տ
ޱˣɫҲЩ㲣Ϊɡ
Ҫ̫ҽ£ʲôˡ
˵ţʩޱ齼䣬ûԷӦĻᣬס·
񼫾ᣬСȴֱκʱҪ顣ޱмܲסȴԾȫӦΪĲȡȫС
ȴУ˲䣬Ժֻб˴ˡ
һҴɫ컣԰̺Ķˡ
ҹޱĿУèһھ䡣
Żˣʱʱ´棬о
ޱƣ˫ֱ۴ڱǣͷĺۼ¶š
֮˳˯ȥ۵
֪óһƬҶӣķߡ
һҶ˼ޱһ˼
ΰϵͳͻȻð𣿡
񣺡ѡʼδԽ
ģиǧ⻪޴ĺƬƬչһ̣޾ԨɵֵĽɡ
ٶֻۣص޵УĴīڣƺʧȥֻƯ
ڶʧܣĽɫԭԼ
ϵͳϵͳʲôʱܴȥ
ޱڵ
лֳһװϾͿԿʼọ́׼𣿡
أȻ
Ȳˡ
ϵͳã׼
δԽͨ
ɲǼ䣬âɣٴ޾ĺڰС



85 
ɪ, ԰㡣ڴ¯
һֻ޳ֲɴ, ˵ײײ, ãȻĴг衣
ˡ
һ߻, һ߽ϵͳ
ڵķȴİ, ǻʹ, ಻ǹ
ʱϵͳ, ¿
װӭ󶨡ϵͳרϵͳ010, ע
ãÿ´Խýһ顣
, һһ߶
һ, ǰΪݴʷŮ°, ݺµĽɫñ˲쳣
ڶܸκԼǰε, Ҳ԰ʾ, жʧܡ
, ǵδԽ, һλʧܣ
ϵͳ򣬻ʲô𣿡
üʲôţ
ֲԤС
ϵͳװ, ʥ꣬
ʲô
ʥԪ뿪, һת۹ꣿ
أ
Ͳöһﱧʲôϣ
ϵͳԲֳһЩСϴСˡ
ã÷ȡ
һͬƽ޲
ŮǰڻֵǶ٣
ϵͳЩ֣Ůǰڻֵǰٷ֮ʮ塣
Ҫһ
У˶ĺ꣬ת˸Ȧ
ϵͳҪôңϴεĻäûжһء
סĳ嶯ȡäС
010ϵͳˣξȻԴʾĻäͻȻQ֡
ϵͳϲϵͳ޳
üͷʲôã
ǿıӣϵͳҪСҺòãһǺġ
Ǻǣû
μܵӣ书ܻڡ
̨ǰ⻨ͭӳճǰģεġ°סɫֻƶȣȫüۼ䡣
òԭлϿƵģԼӴ磬Ҳһλء
ϵͳܳôԼƤ𣿡
⡭
ÿǺÿˣѶҲ˰ޱôϳأϲĻֲܰʾڻֵܽ

°סһ°ȹ°㣬°
Īо岻̫ԾֽűʮƣЩѾ֮㲣ƴ󲡳
أô£岻õ裿
ϵͳģΪʷŮ豳ۣѹʣû֮ͻȻĳǰʺƣ׼׸¡ӣԾ
أ
֣òײϸˣֱߣ
ʱչ֣һڡ
⹦һŲţűƿ߽
Ӧа񣬵û
ɫͶĿɭɲ
ˣûУǲܵġǰֻ·һǹԹԵ빬߱Խܡ
ЦȻʶʱΪܡ
Ƿ񣬡ƾүԸ
ԣɫŶԣˡ
һֻ̣СɵĴƿʾ£С
ǡҩɣ
ǳȥ㡣
ϵǣ
УˣӲӲ
ҧҧ̷ҩ衣
һǶҩһʱҩ·һνҩҩˣСҲûˡ
Ŀ棬вޱѣҳؽ֮ء
ﰵԷǧٱ飬ֻ»̿֡
ˡ
һŮ
磬빬
һȹѩϴһ֧ʩ죬ס
ӿ
Ů̲סޡ
ضž̨˼ȫȻԼϡ
֪ޱôģ᲻Թ
ޱæڳӲԼΣÿζܼ˼֮ˡ
ڼ䣬вٳǰʺӽˣֻΪֵñ»ġɲʲôӵģ´δ󹬣Ͱš
ö֮ҲͲΪƨϣ
鷿Уϵϲ㣬ޱڰǰۣü֮Įϣٿİ顣
¡
ڣѽ˽ӽУš
ԣޱ̧治ϲŭ

ݴʷ֮Ů°
һߺ·ͷ̤鷿
ǰŵıǵŮۣҲе֮ˡ
عߵݣʼ״ԼȥЩ
μ£
ǰʷ֮Ů
ϤҵĮޱ
ر£ǳŮ
ޱ̧ͷ
׼Ի̧ͷޱӵĿഥ
֪У档
ޱ۾ϸ±ߵˡ
ˣ
ᡣ
ؾæĨ˰ᡣ
Ůֻͷһοݣ鼤
̫ˣôͿء
׾ӵĽڣޱȻǲŵġ
صݱòԼȫˣʹ棬Ҳ϶ϲġ
ı̫֣ޱ𼸷֮̽ġ
ǲǾŮ֮ŮΪ󹬣׳
ֱ⡣
ΣңصŮΪ˭󹬣Ǳµĸѡ޹أУϲͺá
ޱɶ࿴һۣ˫Ƶص˫ϴת
Щ꣬Ѱ뵗֮ˣÿ˽ˣϣǸǰأÿÿʧ
ޱѵ˾⻰ó黭
ϵͳʾעݣ
ּܻ¶ڶҲмѭֲ˵óգԻޱϸ΢Ȼֶܷߡ
زòΥĵر£黭ŮһŲͨʶü֡
һͼˣ׵ĸɫòŮܵñۣοʲôġ
˴ֱ֮ˣ
ǳ꣬ޱĿڣ𣬰ʷ֮Ů°ףΪˣסθ󡣡
Ŀɿڴ㷴Ӧ
ѵϲͽĲݰƿ
ߵлʥʱԸܵǵǿҵߡϴβͬλޱ²ǵǰ򵥡
ģ᲻
˵£²Ӧڡ
£Ҫˣ
ޱȴΪˣ޲Ҫ
뿴ܳʲôܾƤ¡
ޱ䴽һ˿̵˷ܡ
ʹ̫ˣŸȤġ
²ԣ£ǰйִּ
ز̤θţ硣
˭



86 
θŷǹ԰, ٺ羰¡
Ĵ̤غҶ, תĹ, ͼĳİ׵ķ¹ŮҴҶ
ū澲μӡ
ǡ
Ů׻, ū, Ƿźӵġ
, Ī߻֪ﵱ
, 䡣
ǣ
Դžû̧ͷ, ֱƺǸģŴŵ̧ͷ
һ, ̲ס, ˿
˭ÿõġ
䴽ǳЦ, תá
ǰŽݣйֵ˾͵ˡ
ŮǶ֮ڣгһ, ޳С, ӦоС
Ϊ׵ŮΪһһ, ּ, Ͱ鲽ҡ麣Ķ˫ȫ, ƥ, һԣͭҶ¯һֻ
Ůóһ󣬽ʥϵּ⴫ȥˡ
֮꣬ôʹͣ۾ðˡ
ôණڱеĵλɼһ㡣
ЩͼˣѾϡ档ֵǱ¶̬ȡȻޱˣݼڣ϶Ҳᡰ°סȴߣΪ˷ӡ
һܳģЦȡһֻϡ
ɲУū澲ҡ
æѣȴذס
ҳУܶضҪңˣģŰɡ
ԥƬ̣κʵϲҲͰư͵ˡ
лӣ
ƽȵһͶȲССĲˣǺ֮𽿴һһ㶵ġ
𽣬⼸궼ʲô£˵
𽵱֪޲ԣ޲
渵ټϵͳΪܵĹ±ʥϼܣܵӶòÿ
йŮȡɷӦŮӿˣɾ̣ũŮжȨݷȨȥȣν֮
ִ֣ȻˣԭĴ౻ϱʥ䱳֤ųն
ߡȽ֣һֹϽ溼ܷ޶ͳȨѾܺ࿹⡣
Ȳ裬ū˵ū֮ǰΪĳӪ˽װʷ̨ʮˣһЩĹŵţֵĿɴˡŶˣ»ն/ɱһĻţū˵ŷݡ
ض豭һڣԭĺζ
룬ӦòڹЩϳ
֪ʥϵ𣿡
СūһЩǸǱµģΪµǻʩе԰⹬СϣͲһˣη¡
ĸĸʷ̨ȷʵΣ
ֲúڻֵٷ֮ʮˡ
ز̾Ȼ˴κڻֵı˵Ϊ
Ӳ£¿϶ôġ
ʮ㣬֪ǰʺȥûһӡǽͷһġ¿϶ϲ
ⶼʲôߵĹ̨ܼʰ
أϵͳŷ͸𣿡
ϵͳʽĸ㣬͸ˡŷΪǵľѾǹ⻷
ǾͺãֻҪԸˡ
ԼϻŶ;ġ
빬̣Ҫ޵ġޱûټҲûмθ
رһϣ¶СںɲС¡
ɫûԼṦڣ߱ȥǹǽǡᳵ·Ѱڵλãſݶ͵/
гʱ޲ͬޱȻҪࡣ
ԼԼŵһɾζϸţȷǾСÿһƬߣͼޱĵ齱ߣڶˣű߹ֻվ̳
ôֱؾƹˡ
ʶȥ˱شϣ±֣һʱѡ
ޱʶֹ䣬ȥ̳
أֺˣôܹҡ
ɬ̼ˣҪɶͷ㱻ϵͳȰˡ
ϵͳԱ¶ݣ
أѽ֪ˡ
ֻգôԶԶš
ۼҪˣٲᣬҲûȥ
ظսţſжװ˯ѡ
ɡ
ͭڣūźϴ
֮м£΢һ㣬ֻ򡰰°ס̫ݡ
ľżƵŪڼû˿仯
Ϊģ͵Ĳҡϡ
ӱģͷһգ³æʱ򡣡
ԣػ񣬼ˣȴûΪԼ͡
ױȥţһʳֵĹŮΪ׵˾š
μˡ
˾һף㵱ˡ
ˣŶ˹ȥ
ʼգ˾ŶЦൽЩˡ
ԣǲԣ
룬˾һ̶û¡
ΪԺúóԷˣ˭֪ź࣬һˡ
Ǿֵ˾ȫҲЦǺǵĿȴһЦ滢Ĵ
ū澲μˣزˣūǷ̲˹йصġ
µ
طӦĻᣬ˾Ȼʼָ㡣
Ȳ˲ɴں࣬ʵΪš
Ǳ¸
ͬڵڶδԽʱ̬˿˾Ļš
˾ʱûӣñѹˡ
ˣūҲǷ£ϡ
طףЦͷ˾ȥ£檲ѧǳ̵̲
Ǻ⣿ȻΥʥ⣿
˾üͷŭĿӣȫȻûʲô˷
غһҲûλַ
ΪŮӹƽصһȣܵԼΪԼ̵ĹأͬϼǺͱ֮ⱳۣ
˾Ϻһ󣬰һ
Ų˵˼Ͳˣ
еأظ֮ҾþͲˡ
ЦӯӯĽ꣬ͷԷ
𽣬Ϳ͡
ǣ
߲ѣͱɹ˾üۡ
˾롣
˾ɫѿȴõ淢˵ݵ΢ȴҲǺ
Ǿֵ뿪ǰȡ
ǵģǿ϶ǿûͿʼˡ
߷ߵУūһ취¡
Ҳû뵽˻ĳ˹籾
԰꣬»ġ
˾ȥǰһ״²͵ʦ
ӣôһ㶼ѽ
ɱ˼ˡ
ҡҡͷԽԽʲôʱ򶼵Լס
ϣҹޱˡ
ȥֻǶ˶
檲μ¡
ޱһҲ˵ֱƹϡ
عĹţҵȲ˿ڡ
ʦģ



87 
ޱ߸, Թŵ޶á
ʱü֪˶ãزʥϿڡ
, 㽫Ǿֵ˸ˡ
Ǳ״ˡ
Ŀ, һƾõĹ˳ģ
ر, ǳ檡޶, ˾Ľ̵, ڷҲԲϡױ岻ãǶ, ǰʧǣŲò˾ȥ
ޱ, ÿɷ񣬺Ц, Ȼ, ɡ* 
л¡
ȶҪˡ
ıʵڲúŪ, ϲŭ޳һеϵͳ
ӭŻƵ⣬Ӧߵޱǰ, һ֮Զʱפ㲻ǰ̧, պ¶ԼΪ˫۾
ʱ, ޱôһ˲Ļ, ૡ
ء
￩һ£ûʾ
ϵͳע򡣡
أһ仰û˵
, ˭
Ǹ⣬Ͻװɵ
ȫ̧ͷ, ޱʱѣȥ
޿ˡ
زԣæ裬Ҳ෽ϡ
ޱϴת豭
̫ˡ
أ
ʲôˡ
һ裬ĴΣֱ̫̫Ũ̫䡢̫ȣҪ
ʮֻĹ¡
µġ
ҲͬƽϣתҪȥòߣȴޱס
ġ
ޱ̡֮ͦ
ȥ
ȣ
ʶҪȰתһ룬ԼʵûñȰİգòҪŭԷ
ɪҹǺޱȹѾƣůˣԾɲϷ¾ѣһСֺȶˡ
µ˽ڵţݶаʱ̴֪Ƕ̽
£ٺˡ
ȥƺֻƺѾˡ
ޱб齣֧Ŷͷ˫ѳ롣
Щ
˵ʲôҲ
ذֻƺߣ֡
£ˣٺˡ
ޱһɣҿּ
ʥּˡ
һϣ
ôҰɡ
㡭
ޱֵһۣȴСӶ
ֻβܼ㶼Ҽǻˡ
һۣһʧЦ
ãǻˣ¹Թ˯𣿡
Ǿƺ󾢶Ĵ󣬷ޱֻǰĿʼʶ塣
ȥƽƲ衣
زҪֱޱס첲뿪
ߡҡء
ؼŵ̾Ϣһͷ
Ҿ⣬°˯ɡ
ˣޱǣ𴽽ǣϻץý
ͬʱ֮ϵԾ£ߡǲ⡣
̽ˣôԼˣ
Ҿãλ˺û˺µ˼
ƾֱ˵
ͷȻһ¡
Ҫˣһ򣬾һ
ԣΪȻ˵Ķԡ
ⲻ֪ڵ˽ﶼȥ˭书ܵΪԽ
˵ºͷĻûϲμӣԺлᣬΪ˲һݺ
⹦򣬱Ϊ˯˿ʼʵޱƺ˿ʵɽʯһ·ȴβȣֱӵĻ
ػ֮£Ȧסˤȥ
Ҫʲô
ءءʲôʱ
߽˫ţ֪˵ʲôá
ޱ־壬˿ҵΨһߵĶ󣬻סʣһ
ûеػ᲻˵ġЩصˡҰǶˣʦŶ
ģۿ΢죬ٶȿʱֹס
ţ֪ĺܺá
ޱʳָȻֻһͲһȵңء
֪²ҪԼƵ̫ˡ
ߣֻб˴˵һġ
ޱЦһֻèС
أҶˣʲôʱڵ㡣
߶꣬زŰ˷ŻţҴñǡ
˷ֿյʱ⣬ɷ·Ѿءʶޱ˼ܹͬܡ
ߴĳ˾ȵĺ齱ߣŽ˯еˣԹЦ⣬ӦǸΡ
ǰһϣ֪ʱԱ˯ˡ
գɫδޱתѣΪԴĪǰһĻȴ˲ѡ
رϵĶѣ˯ޱ簲
ޱ˲䣬ָյ侲Գ֡
ҹֺˣҵûʲô¡
̷ϴ
ٶȻָģʾ
ޱأ½
ǡ
Ҳ磬ȥ⻽ˡ򿪵ŵɲǣȻӰֻſڡ
¹ȥ
˴棬´ҴǷʩƺ͸һ˿飬ŴһڹŮƺƵ̷¸ױ
ز·ֱޱ뿪θǰϳ˶δٽһ䡣
ͱ¡
˵ڻֵΣգɱ¹Ծʶޱ
һҹı˼ְա
ϵͳˣϽڻֵ¡
أ֪ˣ֪ˡ
µϤȥŸڣһϲ
¿϶û˸˵ˡū澾˵¶һ
˻ϲأ̾
ȷˣйǼǹ籾
ַ֮࣬ūţ뿪ʱƲˡ
εԼΪ黢
˵ţ̧㣬˼ˣʲôʲô
԰գתڵãȻȴҲ׷
糯һҪ¡ޱɢص鷿ʼ
ټ֣䣬ѯʸһ
ԴӿƣΪ˸߶ͽǰͺ̣вĿ顣ϢҸӣҪ𡣴±֣ȫȨ𣬿ǰӵһţǹڴ˴οƾٿԴӪ˽һ¡ɵ֣Լ߼ʱȴǸߵʬ/塣
˸֣֮ǰŶɱߣϲ鰸֣׷Ļףͷ
££
֣СĻ
ޱ񣬡֣˵
Դ糯˼㱣֪ҹӰ죬Ϊ°ˡ
εͷԺǻץסֻӲȥ
֣Ѽ񲿵Ĺе飬Ǳߵİȥš
ޱͷڣλֵֻܷ飬ؾѧһ𸴡
ּ
Ƭ̣鷿
°ϵʲôܣ⣿
ûпܡǡ
ޱܿͷ˫۾δڰ°ϲͬص֮ңİزܻԸ
ˣˡ



88 
ر鷿ʱ, ޱھ۾ۣ뿴ȥǳרע
֮, ޱûͷûԵ˵һ䡣
޶ˡ
ãȻգգ, پΪ˸Լ, ˣ
ȥŷ
, ޱ̧, ֱֱĶĿϬ
Ҫġ
شҴ, ر£檳ղ, ²ñ⡣
ǵϴΣޱһƷա֪¶ڶ, Ҫ¶, ʱչֹƵж
ޱţֻһȥ׼, 㲻
زòּ
ϵͳע򣡡
أ֪, Ҫ˵š
ԵδԽ, ûȫķ, Ȳ¶, ܽŮڻֵ
ޱֵԼ꣬ȴܸԼѾˡ
, ˼ʱСİεǡ
ʱһ罫ʹ
ٶȷ鷿ʱ, ³¯ƷǴ㡣
ںһڣɢŨĽζ
ޱƳһ۲ȣü򡰰°סػɴҪ
ȻѾԹˣ޶ֻ಻á
ͷһ³Ҫ졣
صͷº
ޱüͷԽԽʳȫޣȴҪӼһڡ
ز̧ͷ¾Σ
ֻžһޱص¿ӣһŮġ
شԭأ֪ԼòҲŹ
ޱ֮Ωֲ˶ߣ۲Ĳţң°סī
عҲ࣬ĥʯСĥ
Ϊάֲݰ裬ֻʱίµζˡ
ޱȺüŨ裬Űζѹȥ
˰úܽȴ˼һʱ䣬鷿ļž
ޱǺ棬Ϊѡһʲôõ빬ѵֻΪ˫Ƶ۾
ʼʴ˵Ĺȥ
ã
Ӧǣ檼һλ㣬ȳ鳤һꡣ
ʱ꣬Ծʮ꣬½ʮģ˴ͷһʱͬˣϳꡣ
ţڼвù
ޱһӣͬġ
صͷȴƶµĺڻֵ²Ӧ˺ɫ
ȻޱһתߵЦѸȷ黹졣
°׾ãޣ˭ֵͶ
ԣһû뵽ʵֱס
ȻǱ¡
ޱЦЦȻǰֶšŲթҪ㡣
ҪǵãʵʵĴθϰ޲Ρգ޷ͼı죬ܡ
жȥαװǰĿ¶ɱ֮˲Ů۱¡
治ֶвĻһ̫ˣ
طڵϣ֮״
ס
Դ֮ޱʱʱ̰̿ԼƤӵ¼ӡذȵĵˣû¶㲻סޱƺ㣬ִҪɵ㡣
³ʱҪ°סݣϳʱں糯һ۾Ҫ
Ǽӣ֪УޱԼû֣ѾΪһԼ׳ɵϰߡ
糯ǰ÷·ӡرͱ˶ã⿿ϸð˾Ųʮ
ԭ֣ƻƿӪ˽һıҦɡҲǰ˽ɱʹðһϡ
ؼǵõ鵯ĳвû񲿹Ϊɣû뵽ȴֳ¶ˡλҦɲصĻͦ
ҦӪ˽ףȡǮƣ͵ԾŮ֮ӵϰ񡣡
֣֤׮׮оݣġ
⣬ǲӵĸſҦɴ˾ٲͷһ⣬ǴϽƿʱֽţ͵ȥΪй֮ӣĽʡŮ
ʵǰҦɱȥɴñѺڴУ䡣
ޱ֪
ƹˤҦһ׳ƳĹģڵϴʴʡ
ŮֻҪԹڼӡʲôͨͨϸλ볯Ǳ֮ˣȥ
Ҧɲܲ˵ͷɢбԵƿڴ
һ̣ʹ丹Ҳܿڡ
⹦ڵϿȻá֮۾ٲȥᡣ
ϣޱ治ɫȫС
ǰɣҦʿӪ˽ף۾ϣĿ޷ͣն⡣
Ҧųն˵ȰաŴá
λޱ֪в˶ԼĻԹޣŮӵλƻԭƽ⣬ʹһܵ𡣵ӲЩĶ⣬֪ҲǰصԸ
䣬־䣬
ǺλãΨ߾֮Ա𣬲ݸߵ͡в޿ʵѧǰ̸ۣҪΣĹٷߣϳͲ
ʥ
ɢޱصɫƣڿȴԼʱĪͷһɡ
طȲ裬ϲ֮Ա
ޱȻע⵽ģʲôֵø˵£
ȻУӢ
Ҳ룬ѿڶ
ĻޱڻֵȻߣɱǰľӼͣЩС֮ġ
ޱϸ飬ϲòװģΪˡ
˲ӦҦɵıشצࡣ
ãޱȥĿڣΧԣ׼һ¡
ز֪ǣޱɳΪһǲ¡ȻѧʴӱԼҹѵϰһֺü
ʶΧԵգޱһװҪϳġ
ۼ䳡֮ϣޱаģزˡ
ұ»ѧʲô졣
ޱڴ˴ϰϲ˴ţ˵ȶ䡣
»޸֮裬ֳֻޣ˳ȱˣȥ˲赹ˮ
£ôϳһ𣿡
ˬ֮ػͷͼ֣Яһװ緢֣ͬγԱȣȴá
ղδɼǳֻͣǾǵΪˡ
λǰˡ
ȭʩ񣬲´۾ϡ
ط꣬Ե̫ͷʾ⡣
֣ˡ
ûжٺ֮ԣͬޱϰʮ۶Ͻ˵Աߣ֣վһš
Ǹңۼޱΰģزο̸ޱĶѧˣʤ
ƺ¡
ԣջߣתͷָ֣Ŀ⡣
鰸ģǿ
ǳЦ֣Ϊôʣ
֣ȴڱ¿ʱ򣬶űƣ͸Żһ˿˸С



89 
ν, Թ壬û뵽λԹ߿̫ˡ
װ£֣ˡ
˼, Ƕ, ð
֣׵
޷
ظæתȥ, װæ, ɱǵ̽ȴԺӡ
ò״µ, ôһ
һߣޱһּ, ˫˫¹۷
˽, ΧСáϰżСˣִƺΪޱ, ƾӨ͸, ζܿ
µļ־٣Ҫʰ·ˡ
̲ס, ϾǴС㿪ʼϰ䣬ʥϲѧܵ˾ء
, ޱ䴽ǳЦ, ǰʤһ
˵, ľƱֿˡ
, زΪ䵹ƣ⽫ƺԶЩ
ޱһۣǲ
û, ֵ, Сüɡ
ޱüĿް
⹦֣ʱԲ
ҲΪµ롣ͻȻƷգǸиˡ
ԡްţ˸ڱǰ֣ǻʺҲΪɡ
֣һȦǰʺȴûһ漰⼸֣Ҳࡣ
ޱĬΣǷ¾Ʊȴʼڡ°סϣζ
رԽԽ飬Ͼȷʵ˵ˡ
ҹʱ֣ЯȥٶֻʣǶˡ
檽˰ʰˡ
һͱޱס
ûȥ
زòջزӣ
ޱãĿĬ˶ã¼ž˴˵ĺ
ãޱʣûʲôͬ˵ģ޸һλᣬҲһΡ
ػȻ̧ͷɲǼǧӿͷȴһֶܽ
ϵͳע裡עⱣܣȻᱻĨɱģ㲻ҪˣҾûתĻˡ
أһûأٿɥ
ϵͳŶ
ޱ˫ĺʰװɵ檲ױµ˼
ޱ󣬻˿ɫ
ȥɡ
ǡ
£ٳʱפ㣬ͷӰеŮۣûɵۿ΢ȣæƿܳȥ
ԼٳһҪ̲סȥסǸˡ
գ֮ʱǴ֮ʡ
ޱΪףвΧߣһװŸͷԴ
ΨһûйˣϾܻ乭пɻһЩҪֳѧղģ
ޱ֮һϮ¾װժ·ҡī¾ҲԳӢˡ
ޱͷѸٴɨ
ܽˡ
ס
ذĲڴм䣬޳ͷĴ㣬ֻҪݺá°סĽɫԼбޱ
Žǣޱ޲ʱڣɳ
ؽ׷󣬼˽ɢԴ粽ĸޱֱޱΪ׷¹ȺܽҲɽǰҽʣ
¡
زƵޱǰǾͬ˻ϰɡ
ɽҰ֣䵥⡣
ޱ֧ȥֻ¹ʣµ¹Ⱥɢ
תͷû׷¹ȺԷء
ɿһݡ׷ȥ
µļ뻯
ޱСϰ䣬ӦҲǸˣֻϧûܽ
ޱȫעΧϣδͷ
ݵһɽá
ﵽ֣ޱջ乭ޱĲУ̤֦֨֨춯
ظޱߣж϶ϲ֮ɫǳ·һ̶ˮִŸǳڱܣĳֲȶ
£Ҫ˳ʱ·ȥҲ·ϻ
䣬ޱȻͷȻɱ
ֱֻ̧ۣаƴ׼˵صķ
ƿ֮է֡ӦѴӶ߲Ŀ
¿ˮһͨͨ߰㡣ͷʱȴƼ֧ϴһֱ۴ֵĺڻߡ
ޱ̵ıӾһ
ޱջߣǰС
Сҡ
л¡
سһĬĬΪԼѹ
ֻſޱˣעԼ
ĺɫĺʱΧԽ֮ʡֻһգʤܼ

ΧԿΪ
Ŀǰʹͣڳ׷׵ءڸ̾ķڷġ
ҹޱȺ֣ͬԹʵ
Χƿ⣬˿֣ｻ䣬Цﲻϡ
輿м裬硣ؽгɱƬĿ¹ޱУһƬƬ롣
ӳޱУ֪ʲôĿԶ
֪ʱޱ뵗߽㣬͸۾˹
Сģ
ֻӴһʣֱ໨ߡȺͬʱҲһߵĺڻߡһһңͬޱߡ
ݣ커ݣ
׷װεޱΧм䣬һ³⡣
ߣ
һ⣬˿Ϊ֮
ߣ
𰲻֪ʱޱ࣬ɨڳˡ
Կƣޱҽҳ֮ˡ
ҽڽ߹СֻͳСɵĴƿڿлƬ̣зĩƮһˣȹϡ
ˢˢ򡰰°סţҽߵǰҪһ
رӦñˡ
밲ȡĺɰ
ҽùɰתͶ֮УʱĽͬʱСߺȻУܲ˵ȥ
Ȼд󳼳𣬡ǰĶߣһɱ£
һӦָоϤĲˡ
ǰ£Ǹɰйģ檲֪飬˺֮ġ
³£
¹ش󣬲Űһ֮ʣ
Ⱥߣ׷ϲ顰°ס
ޱӸ£ɫĮ
˽θκ˲̽ӣֱ¡
԰գޱͷҲصתȥ
̻ع
سʦǵûҵήޱĺڻֵݺøĽ³
дһ֣ȫȨڼ䣬ȥº֣ѣ˵ȲθÿգʳֵĹŮһͣ𽶼
ĪͱСˣذԼ⡣
󹬳ԴöȽԾйֵ֣뵽ĶֽšңҲֱ治
ϵͳȥĻˣ
أ



90 
ȷ, ¶һǸϵǸģû֪ᣬͼԳı, ڹ
أС, Ҫصֻһ, ˵Լ˭, Ҳܰʾ԰ɣ
ϵͳٶ۵ĻӦ, ԰
أˡ
ϴγԹĿβٳ, Ϊǿ
ʱŵ˵, նʳֵĹŮȴǾֵ˾
ؼ, ۾
߲š
ԭϵͳ˵Ļ˾
˾³ʳ, ΢Цȴ͸Ųм
, Ǳ¿ʵ£д̵˶˿һ, ٶٲ䡣
д̲˵, 滹, 빬ʱ, ˾ͶԼ⡣
˾㲻ϲ°ɣ
ټĻʹмġ
˾ʱ߳ŭ, ɫͨ밲Ҫ, ū澶ԱĽ֮飡ͼı֮ڱߣθҲס˼ˡ
԰գ˾ȥһϷţٶȱ
ϵʳĲһȫǲϿ
ҪйֵߣҸ˿òںеΣС
ʱ֣°סȾ纮Ȳ˵ϢޱС
ԭ׼ᣬ򷢸ҽȥƱǣκε֪Ϣ󾲲֮°ڼθ
没ˣϴλʵھڡ
û㱼俴ǰ˵ϤӰӡصץס˵֣ûҲҪ߬š
¡
ޱšüԶԣΪβҽ
׵ǰ* ˲ԸҽΣҪ¡
ܲһ
ޱץţȴݲ˦˳齱ߡ
Ʊɫֲĳ죬ŷ֢״
ʱ˭
ʵֻʱ˾ŵ˾ţδ
ϵķ˽ԷȻûʲôθڡ
ޱ߲ԸŮȥŷ纮ķӰҩ´˾ǰ
˾δޱԼ࣬Ͱ͵˼ң˫Ϊ˿ίˡ
²˾ůѣϰˡ˾ԣڱˣǶϲڱߵġ
ָⴥһƬ̣ɼյĲᡣޱѵûԼġ
û˵Ĳ㡣
ޱ˫ѰҴ𰸡
Ϊ˭ģ
ֱԲ䣬
һޱסˣû뵽ôֱס
֪αʳ檣
˿ûСߡԾԣѹܳװ̸
¡檲֪顣
ȻżɽޱҲûбҪĨǡ
ôΪʲôҪдޣ
Ϊһöӡ
ǣޱԼֱĿڡ
˵Ǳߵģ벻ţңһ˵һܡ
ϵͳ߾ˣô˵ѽ
زΪȻ֪ˣ
ϵͳ⡭ǡ
أѽѽģûΥ棬˵Ķ֪ܡ
ϵͳ
Ͷϣޱÿɷ
˫֮ʱ˾ѱθ
ūߵ£
ޱɫŭ
ڰ಻̸֮Դ޵˼
˾󣬼æߵס
£ū澣ūûа
ޱſڹһ£˾θнδʶص
ˣ˳ٸá
ޱ᲻أȴ๡
ūһذɣū֪ˣ
˾֪£Ųȥū澲ūôҲΪ˱룬Ůƻϲ
ģ³ɶ֣޿ת御ģ˾ʧθ֮⡣
ޱعͷް㴦۸ˣأ
ʱسǿ˴
ܾǡ¾ңҿˡ
ޱü˵˵ʲô
δ䣬ؾԤ׵бޱʶסֱӻ赹
°ף
ޱ󺰵ҽ
֪Եʣ°ס赹һ̣Ȼе־塣ֳʶ
ҽĹޱⲽˡ
ô
ҽг
£˻赹Ϊ纮ж
ԣޱȻϵĲи
ⶾǽеģԶ/ҩ
ҽίҪһʱŻĥ˵Ķ
֮⣬޷ǰָ°סݣ˭µģǶ֪
ޱĳҹҲԼǰ׵ĵȥ
ɽ⣿
ɽ⡣
ҽʮ㣬ⶾ亱аաֻƷͬһǿεķӣЩʹࡣһΣҪ겻ͣҩ
ޱ첽صǰŻ֮ˣ˼Ƭ̡

ּ
ҽҵ飬Ҵ£Ʒ纮ⶾҩϵһϡ
ǱϵͳʾѵģԺ˰ٰʮ飬ڰˡ
ϵͳϢԱݵ¶жΥ棬ϾŮסǵغ͵ܣǧᡣ
ܰģⲽԶˡµҲֻܿԼѰҹ©ʵƽȥ
ƫͷͼޱδȥǿڴβһϤҩζҪҩˡ
ˣ
ȻػޱҩҪι
˾ͺҩ
գգۣеܳѵޱѾʼˣ
ҩڣ˲üͷȥļڹ
ޱͻȻģһ׽һ׵ιҩ׼ǡ
ĪޱؾһõЩʵ
Ȼޱιҩĺõĸһ¡
ϵĶҲԽ⣬Ժÿշҩɽ⡣ڴڼ䣬ƭޣҩͻжϡ
ޱЦʱ㣬Ȼ㽫ٲԡҪǵãڿʼֻޡ
֪²
ȵȣҩҪꣿ
ر۾װװرꡣ
һд̵ˮϴɾˡ壬Ľ㣬ҲԻ̷
ӣ
˵ߣ޵滨ꡣ
εˣⲻû𡣡
ѽޣӱ˵ǲ۶
Ĩ˰ᣬЦд̵ˣ߳ײ˾ҲøϢй֣Ҳû˸
ʱ䣬йֵӦÿҪˮˡ
˼֮ʱйֵͳʳȻʱŵʱ
ؼߣԸ⡣
ԭ



91 
߲İ, ǲɽ¶ˮ˾š
ԭΪںɰ϶ֽţôҲзֵˣû뵽ǲʳڡ
˾Ŵϸɫ¸, ŵ꺮ů, ֺõ˼Ա
֪˿ɷһ˵
𽲻鲻Ը, ǲ
ȴЦ, , ȳȥ
ӡ
ĵһ˾ţ, ǹغ÷š
ؿڴͷе˾, ȿڡ
Ƭ̣˾Ц, ֮ǰе, ūҲǷ£˼¡ͬūһүЧ, ŽһΪá
֪Žһˡ
Цδÿɷ
ôһ˲䣬˾ΪԼ˵, ֮ŷӦǰֻǸССĲˡɡ°סŵ̬ʥ̫, ľ
˾ŵ, ū֪, ˲ǰӣԴΪأıơ
, Ŀڣ, ô᲻ԴΪء
л˿
˾ǰ·Ѿø֮¡
ĩˣȴһš
ֻܰүźˡ
Ŷ
治ɫүʲô
˾£ͷҲû˵ƻֻܣ֪ԽԽá
֮ʱ˾֪ˣԼˡ
˾ŴҴȥ󣬵ضſ˼
Ҫ빬
ӣû°ɣ
ϻĿǡ
ضЦЦⲻúõġ
ȴԾɲģҪСģū澿˾ҲӲģʲôˡ
֪ˡ
ؿ𽣬ܻ߻ⲻ׽
ҽҽֻشգûƵĻˡڵĶػڣÿշҩԷһ׼ʱ
֪ʱ붬ƿȣƮϸСѩϽһ㱡˪ꡣϽϴӣϺͷ
֮󣬾ûΪŲŲȫȻ֪Ϣ
ӣ
²ˮΪϡ
Ƶһů͵ĺܡ
֪ľͰ̿ˡ
ߵҲͬȥĸ󡣡
ĸ󣿡
üԼڼ䣬ȷʵˡ
֪ʳԣæ죬Ҳᡣ
˵װɫ𽣬㵽˭
Ȼ
ԥӶ챻
Ǳ½øģ˵þ
ܹסˣһһʮĽǰٴһŮ빬¼ˣ£סĸ󣬳Դö롰°סһġ
Ǳ²ûвʲôλ֣סڹС
æοԱ¿һʱʣΪǰʺ󳤵һģһ
ʲô
ز
ǰһģһôأ
ŴŮΪģѰģòζ롰񡱱޶¡빬󣬽գޱÿȥĸ󣬵Ӳޡ󹬵µ׺⣬ֻСźţ߶
ҹضҹڷߣǱĸݶ֮͵/Ρ
գޱڰǰרעۡīӦþˣֻĥƵƵޱ۲תˡ
ϧôﲨޱûһȫϡ
۵üΪˣԼãˡ
ȷʵһģһ
϶⡣
ò׵ȵޱۣķõȲ裬ϸ΢
ޱ̧ͷǰưصŮӣü
㲻ҪģһҲ
Ļʧɫͨһǰ
檡
ûв㣬Գơ
ޱĮ޸ԡ
ӦУǣŮԽˡ
ޱΪԼӦˣȴûɵһŭƽ
ɡ
ǡ
Ļٲ񷽲ǰ£ؾصվһ̷
ʱˡ
ޱ֮⣬վҪߡ
׳ŵ£Ҳ𣿡
ˡ
԰գޱͷҲصȥÿյΪٿһۿưصݡ
ޱǰ뿪ĸ󣬵غűϻԼס
ҿļʱޱĸûлطǹĿĵĵɢתתθǰ
æڲԼճȥ֤ݡ
ޱûֱͨԷ֮У˯ˣҲûԼ齱߲һԣ˯շ
رװ˯ϵǵ߹ǿңҪװȥˡ
װѵģ̧ĳ
£ôͻȻˣҲͨһ
عȣϣԼݼҪ̫١
ޱԼҹͻȻܹϢҲûע
ޡ˯ţ㡣
վЩΡ
Ų¶أЪϢ
ˣͺã˯ġ
˯Ű
ʱЦ¶Բʺ𣿡
ǻἰǰʺޱȻҪŭģûŭ⣬ɡ
ޱĲǰ𡭡
ΪߵõƬ̵İ
ϵͳҪͦס¶ڶ
أ֪û
Ҫװʲôû
£빬ˡ
ޱʱɫףΪ޻ЩӣֻҪؼ
ûٶԣΪ˸
ޱһޣڴβСһȥϳˡ
ɱθҹϢܿ촫󹬣˽ⲻˡ
ӣӣ
żæŵܽǸθ϶鷳ġ
̾һѾͷ۵ģü˹籾ҵڣŮڻֵӸ߲£ͷ

ñƲȥˮĸĭ˹Ʒš
صͷҲǣ۲
·̣͸õˣɵ˰ζûӰ
ūƼ·˰ɣ
ɻ󣬡ūȥơ
Һһȥ
Ҳһλˡ
ȣ΢԰ײĺͼΧĳ˭סˡ
Ŷڣسʹɫ㵽Լ
ǰվһŮǹŮıӰʮ졣
غȻ߻
Ǻˣҵҵ·
ļԷǸŮӵļƣǳ⡣
ĹŮϽֹ
ԭǷǹˡ
ĿȥηǹˣǰʺĹŮҲûշ
߻Ƿ񣬡ӣū澳ײӣ·ǱרΪè½ģ˲ߡ
Ƴĺèʲôè£һֻèѡ
è£
˳ŷȥƼһֻèӣըëɫ۾ģĿ¶׹⡣
ӣ



92 
ӻǺںԲë, 굯ָһӣС񳤳ɴèˣǰ֫ص̬ͬýݵԱ, ߹ԡ
رĳ˵ĴС˼, Ķ߻, ҪʹĶײ֮
ķʩ, ȴӦ, ƫаԶ֡
θǸҶ, һūһ𣿡
߻ūֻǹŮ, 㻹⹬ӡ
㡭
̧֣һè, ӺȻ, ӭ˹ȥĴ󾪣, ûֱʱһѪצӡ
ĵڵأǻʧɫ, ۵õᡣŮְ˽Ž, æҵӵȥ̫ҽԺ
ƽϢ, ߻ȥ, ȴţè˳Ⱦֱء
ͣڵؽűߣչ, Ľףβ;, ȱȥǶèè
ض£ӱı
ͷˣѵӻϵ
þò

жȥԣ̱ë޵Դһֱƺ
߻ϹܵӦ
ˡ
߻ȵһĻèºϲˣèҲֻ׽¡
رӣ񱧺Ӱ˵࣬ô࣬ӶԵĲ񻰡
Ϊʲôè£
߻Цز˵ĻèǱģ¹ϷΪС£Ȼ˰磬ŴţҾͽèˡ
رӣ֣öǸģ鲻á
ʹ᲻÷֣ǰӻ߻

ӻص߻ʵһҪص⡣
ҪԹԵģ֪֪
èԴӣţֹͣ
߻״̾һͻʺһĺˡ
سЦЦתȥֿʼУһͷŲԽԽ졣
ӣЩˤţū澶ˡ
ȼҪڲܵ
֮ԲֻܣҪԼèūַˣͷ˻ɡ
ҹ󣬵̽ĸޱȻͬһʱΣ۴ȥĸġڼ䣬ż̧ͷҪڳԼϤı顣
ãޱҡͷԡ
˵ʲôԣ
СѯʣϴΣѾ˽⵽黢ĵ
ޱûͷûԵðһ䣬ﶼԡ
߲ӹķǣɴȻĿ
·ˣĵͷС
Ů԰ʱͻȻһֻèץŮ֣ºôһӡ
Խ˵ԽίŮ֪ǷǹèǸ߻ĹŮŮߴ·
ʱ϶ô˸飬Ͻס죬Լ
ޱ౾ԣȤ
޸صؽ·ռĵطŻᱻӣԺԶţġ
ĻȻ̧ͷĿ¶죬ƺû뵽Լ״õĽ
ޱ۾ߣһҲǰû¶ۡ
ĸķŲŹϣıһ֮£ϵıīֽͳͳɨϡ
δ뿪ۼ̨ľȻǰժΣ˳ɢ˿
ʲôٻǰ;ƭ˵ģ
ħˡ
ӳ⣬̧ڶϸϸҵӣ˺һ/ߣ¶ԭݡ
ײ⺧һĻͫ
ֿƤĴ̼С
ֲóһģһԭǽ
⹦򣬾һƬֱС
˭
ĴţæҵĴ/ߣ̶󺰣ţд̿ͣ
˲ңţĴѰ̿ͣʹȫˡ
;סز۷θ󣬲òŷӡתתǹС
ȫĵط
涼ǽһʱǳȥˣǲôǹصһûüɿһèС

ͷϳˡ
ظæƣȥèͷ
ӹԣһæ𣿡
Ҫץסе˵塣һͽĵܽҿֲ¶ҹеľٶ
أ
Σʱ̣޵ޱȦ
ĿǰطҲֻܵߡ
ޱƼҪȥһ̣Ӻƿܵſڡ
ȥģ
ǰл
޸㣿
Ťͷܳȥޱ׷
£д̿ͣȥΣգ
κޱִ׷ӣڹŮ󣬺ƺƵĵĸǰ
ȥӰ
ޱšüԶԣ̤ĸĴš
ͬʱϢǱǹĵҡԭֻǴڹùȴޱĵط
һֻޱ֪߽ͨȥʯڽĻ񣬲ͬʱڣͬųޱ˵Ļ񣬰дŴССΣԼҡÿһ˹ͬļ䡣
ϵͳû뵽Ů
أ㲢
ϵͳﲻ
أֻ֪ĸ֣Ǹܲ㣬ʱչ֡ǵĳֻΪô
ϵͳ
ڣ˶Ӧüеĸˣɳ϶ϻθ
ϵͳĸǱ߲ù𣿡
أãӾС
ϵͳһֻè
أզˣӱĳЩϵͳöˡ
óһöңıèӺҴȥСµġ
ϵͳèⷽ棬ȷʵ㡣
ĸڣĺܵ˼ľţίҹ
£ܲŮ⣿
ޱܣѰӵټ
Ϊǰػˡ뽫ѵҲΪˣ
ΪΣ
ΪŮ¡
ץס½ǣ̧ȥϵıͳͳʩչȴʼ޷ޱ
ġ
ޱֱ䡣
İϷûá㣬ֻΪ
ץסؼеôͰŮŮԸװ
Ҫ
ޱŵ̾Ϣһ˭Ҳװ
˵⻰ʱԺȴĪĳ˵Ӱӡ
ǡ̿͡伣㣬ӰӶûҵĻ̻̣עǸ֮ҹ
£
ľһæ㡣
ޱ˳ָȥŵĺӰԭӡ



93 
èֻצӽס, ׺ݵĽšǰ֫·ըë, ɫ۾ӳĵ
, Ů£
Ŀ־è, ƴޱ㡣
Ȼʱ, Ȼƴ, ޱ
Сġ
ụ̂ĴӴ, ӵ벻˫ɫèۡ
ֻһ̶, ͻȻԾ·˵˺ҧ
ֵļ쳹ĸ, ڳ˽ԭ, ֪Ǻá
èһצӹĵȥ, ΣյĽлƺǾ档
ҵ
Ҳգèӹĵط˿, ȴѪ
һǰ, סƿ˺/, Ȼ¶İס
ޱۼų˼ĺӻΪӰ, İ
ڣΨһļֵûˡ
, ;סá
, ŮƭŮԱµģ
̧ͷ£ͼŮ۵һ˿ͬϧ
ޱϸǲӵġ
ľֵУޱȥ޶ãȥӡ
ŮˣĴˣ
£
һֵȥ裬ϳĸ
ޱӣḧļ
ӹԣ
èŮۻ･ɣצ濪̱èֱعɵСè䣬
ʱθڣȻصԷ˿ٳǰ˳㣬˯ľЩ
УԺͻȻʾ
ϵͳŮڻֵѴٷ֮ʮţ
صСŶһ£ͨͨںҹи
ϵͳڻֵﵽٷ֮٣ʧˣ
һ
ϵͳŵ𣿡
ûҲС
ϵͳɡ
أҪǲұ¶ݣˡ
ϵͳ
ֳô󶯾ȴһֱ˯ѡ
ӣˣд̿͡
ŵҴҸغö˶˵ϣ㰲ġ
ūˣǴ̿ûθ
س΢Цȥ˯ɣµġ
ͷ˸Ƿ£θĴžͱƿˡ
Ů룬ÿһյƣ¥յüΪá
ĵĸϹȥӭϷ糾͵ޱæ
μ¡
û뵽Լط졣
¡
´񣬲ȴЬӣͱޱסˡ
޷š
ޱĪθֵֹ齱ߣͶζߡ
ر飬ҳ檣
û¡
ޱͣƬ̣ޡ㡣
ĵ£Ѱͷһ뵽ľǡ°סʶʱθֻΪƼ˰Ȼ
Ҫһϣ
̽Ĳ𣿡
֪ҹôˣޱЩֹΪֹ֣ȻɵĴӦ顣
˿ڴͷͬһ죬м˺Զľ롣
Ů* 棬Էɻ谵˴˵ķΧ
һû˯Ѿʼƣ룬߻ޱ
²˯𣿡
ޱİ֪ʲôĬá
޸㽲˯ǰ¡

ޱ벻ԹԵ渵
ǰɽɽ
ö䶼ҪˣЩȫǰޱġ
ϵͳ٩Ůܵţר˯ǰ£вж
أҶ
죬Ҫġ
ޱ£ص׷ʣ㡭˯𣿡
̾ûС
һĬ
ãޱֵٽġ
ˣ¡
ظϽסҹǰΪ˸檽£
ԣޱʧЦֻͻȻģҸ˵˵
ծǷµģӦ
ؼŵ̾Ϣһ̶ЦǱ¼ɣ
ʹˣûҵ֪̿͡ѾˣǸͲڴ̿ͣѡ
̿͵²֮ޱƲ֣ǰйɢģ˳ϡ°ס
ܳϢٶڹдǴĦʥ⣬׷׼ͽᣬϧ·
йϣź죬ԲܽޡʱήƬƬкɡ
մĹ⣬ͷһй˷ܵĲˣʲô棬۾ˡ
ӣ÷ãôһƬ÷԰
֦÷ڷư״ƿС
йۣûϢ
ԣǣ𴽽ǡ
ѽǸĺûʵۡ
ȻǺమޱ
⹦ºãԭġ
ˣȥ
йֲ죬Ų·
̤޹ʱֹغõš
ȹغϣֻߡټĹȴһ˽̷ֱڵſޱڰǰ
¡
ޱͷרעĵƸ࣬ڹʱͰ¡

Ჽ߽Զ˼·صȥʱǻڹ
ޱƺ֬кǰԭҪ֬
ر˫΢΢ͷԷͷ滨䡣ɵ˰죬ʡ
£
ޱ۾ϸüۣȻ±ʣһĨ죬̶Ƶ̨ǰ
ͭУؿԼͷϵĺӡһƬꡣޱ󣬼ǻס°
ȷʵˡ
¡
ޱְְˣ
ޱٴʣԭĻ÷·ָպȡ֬Ĩ˫ϡ
ֱԼһޣȴɫ
ļžսᣬޱͷĿƻָ
𣿡
ʶͷţŮϸɫ¸㣬ִҴȥ
֡;ҶԵġ
ѵޱѾ֪ˣ
ֲ̫
ԣһƷʱö
ʹǵ٣ޱĿȻͶעϡ
رͷԵģСĳԶˣæòˮ͡
Ʈëѩģһɫǰѩ
ŴⷢЮѩֱǰײѩбҪһжС
֪ʱͣˡػޱĿ⽻㡣
Ҫöá
ϸڵضʮ
£ҡ
ϵͳʱֹ뱻Ĩɱ𣿡
ؼʱ죬δڵĻͳͳʻȥ
ˣµ
ҸɺŪȥޱȥϡ
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮˣ
ţΪʲôģ
ϵͳ
ãȻգգۣߵޱȻޱ飬仯
һԵ̬´ޱļͷԷûж̶˴˵ľ룬ֱ粢ż硣
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮߣ
ѵΪĿ
𣿡
ޱͷҲأá
أ
費



94 
ҹ, ѩͣǽԱĻѩǡܡңһƬװع, ɫ·⡣
ϴҴйĹŮǸɪ, , , ̹Ǻ绹䲻½ꡣ
޹, ̿յů, ·ıѩ
ɴƮң, ӳ˵ӡ¯죬ɾ
ط˲˵Ĺ, ôߵޱʵ顣ִ̧˼Ҽͷ, ̶ƣ˳סԷֱ, ȥ
ޱٽһס˼ҵ, ʮָۡޱ, ֲˡ
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
ͷ, °͵ޱļ, Ц
ԭϲ
ޱһۣӲ, ˵
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ壡
ķǡ
ޱ΢ȣǱƵ˦, ҧгݵĪҪ
ۿŶԷ߳ŭؼþգؾãʲôû
ޱˣƾʲôԼòĲʧ̬һȴûһ
̧ӵԷһ۵󣬴߶ʱЦ⣬⽥Ũ
νֲЦˣޱ˫Ӷţڡ
ϸŮ۱£Ƽ͸ĶȻЦ
ɰ
㡭
ޱŭĿӣǰ
ҲԼΪζһ˷ݡ
㵱Ϊ޲㣿
ӭޱߣغ޾ɫһ˿ơ
ôҰɡ
ޱĻޱԶ˶Է᲻ãʶԽԽ󵨡
ޱһʱƣϲ²ȥͱһ䡣
ҪҪˡ
ԣ˲ίˣԹ
ˣ֮Ȥ
Χʱ޹ͻɧңɱ֮ҡ
д̿ͣ
ݣ
ޱ˫ĿȻֱӰгʺէ֡
Ǵ̿ͣ
ضޱ󣬼޸֮Ůӡ͸⻨񴰣潻ֵ˫һţ治ҡ
۲죬̿Ӧʮˡôö֮Ľ빬д̵ģ
£Һ¡
ץסޱ䣬¶־壬ʵ·޹ķ򿿽
ޱţʶס֡
¡
ҵĽŲ⣬׼ʱʯ֮ޱ󾱵Ѩ/
ס˯ȥˣȥ齺йңڵ޹Уͻʱ
ʯŹغϵ˲䣬ƿţԭǽɽ
ȼ٣
ɽȴӰ
ˣںδ
ضڼֻ֮ѾӪ߱ˡ
ɽ۾һأôΪλ
Ϊ°ΣҪ檾⸺Ϻ󡣡
˵ţذץ豭ƴ
ƾ㣿
ɽĿ¶мֱ
ѱ½
غЦˣôɽңԱвң
涼ҳһˣΪȥץ̿ͣȴܵ޹Ҫ߱¡
ӣʵ㲻ɽɡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ˢˢγŵϮ
ص˦бյмһˣշ֮ʱ̧򼸰
Ǳ鰸סļ϶׼ʱһ˵ĿMɨĨĲӡ
ʣµġɽ书Ȼ֮ϣн֣Ƶڽڰˣ˶ԷƷ棬ˤȥԶ
۵һأصڵȫ¶۵ҪɢƵģһ
ϵͳҪס
ۼԷп߸߾𣬵ģȴʹŲ˰֡
ʵڲʺϰ䣬ҪѪĲС
أ㲻αҵļ𣿿취
ϵͳİ㣡
֮УľȻʢţγɿϵڵǰ
Ȼ£ɽȴ⧲ı׹أҲǰ˰벽
ǿһ˿ʶɿ
԰ͦġ
ϵͳǣұǺ
⹦򣬡ɽٶʰŵ
̼䣬ƮӰƴ룬һСɽ˴߳š
Ƿ𰣬ŵڷˣиĽڰ
ȵٴѣԺĻܣԼصθ
ޱأ
ֱ۴ʹ̧һƣС۱ϸƣŶ˿˿ۡǵΪ˵ˡ
ӣɱˡ
첽ǰȥš
ҽ˵ˣˣһƣ˼ˣ뾲
𽰴ҽһֲıС
ظæץʵô
ЦŻش𣬡İɣ°Ȼ̿Ҳˣһаá
ԣسװˣʵʵŵȺҩ
йĴ̿͹ʮһˣвʿͨǼжɽ֣ȡ֮ɼٵɽԼ˻йд̡
Щɱ/жǰ¶ҩɹʡӪԭץסڣȴ˫˫޶֤
˭ʿΪɱ/ֵ̣Ϊд̱£ֻ֪η˾֮ģ·˽֪һģͿʼסˡ
غ°࣬˻ſҩǣҲ޿̱ϒ
ɰŻˣŻŵҪȥҽ
ذʧЦҾ¿࣬û¡
ڴǰתӣҪūˡ
ʵһеġ
һᣬҪΪ˰ο
ūȥ
ţ´ʥּѾθſڡȵ֪ѵϸ¥Էˡ
˲ּ
´Ǿֵǰּ⣬ԤУʥּʱǻе⡣
ʱλ֣ƺǵΪ˸л
ˣʵگԻ£Żڣ˳Ļ¡Ϊǣմˣ
ºʥּ˫ַϡ
ϲ
ؽּ⣬˽ЩСµˡ⣬صһϺõ͸£»
ū澲Ҫ
ƴǣذٵ˵¹ȥ飬빬͵ǲһݺı⡣
飬˲˼ͣһ˿źǱǻʺûܲμǵĻ
ɫݣл
ǾֵϤ£һյĹŮ۱¼θ
һ÷ҧ°飬չĹĵģ˵
ޱң
ģޱУ׽ʳĴá
ͦɰġ
ظϽȥԼǺš
μ¡
ޱͻȻסúš
ض޾ǡ㡣



95 
ﾲĵ, һΡ
ޱɫָĦ, ƺѰҴǡ
, Ѿϰ߷ָ, ͳȫ, ڹıּ򵥵·ԽԽ衣
㿴ָĻ
Ӳϲ, ͷ¹ûд󰭡
ȥС۵˿żǣ, θڻǲġ
ޱû޿û㡣
۹ȥ, ţԼұԾӲ
ʧЦ, , ǳˡûйģ𣿡
, ޱ֪תͷһ˫ŵĵ
˵ĺƢ
ΪСߡ
ظСƵģ, Ǳ, ǳƢ
ޱһ, , ˻ƤЦġ
Ϊʲôޣ
װ˼ģòŸ𰸡
ΪΪ¶ġ
ǶǵĻشٳ, ϵì, 񵱳İء
ƬʧޱʰȻΪǣúˣڣ㡣һг䶨Ҫ뿪޻ᰲ׵
ΪǺյġޱŴ˾ȹԼķݶϣһ·
ɵȴܾĺ⣬Цţл¶䣬檲뿪
ޱ˲䣬û׷ҪµԵɡ
ʵ²⳼檣ֻھȼ֮ɣ
ˡ
Ϊ֡
ڸβϲߡһͻ򡰰°סָ
ޱȻϲͬ˺
㰲
԰գޱӱʲô뿪
غסŻʺҲҪű¡
һޱӵĸˡ
ϵͳ԰ԼԼϷǱˡ
ߵô죬ֲܱݣܵøŵɡ
ϵͳŬݺŮ۵İĽߣ
ʥּһ´йٶæµΡûлסйһ֮ѾҪθˡ
𽲻ҪչҪæʹ⣬һʱ䲻ɿڱŮθ̷רտ°ס
ӣҩóȺȡ
ÿ׼ʱҩ£һͻᱻƪ۵ĹȰ
ӣҩڣʱҲҽõģãС
ؼæҺȣϺȡ
סҩ룬ͷȥϽץǷ
˰ɣ
ЦӯӯͶˣúúҩ˲ܺõĿ졣
޿ͷȥ·ʧȥеֶΡ
ԽԽ񵱳߻ˣѾաɮļɡ
ڼ䣬ƺƽ˾ܹûʲôҪϢޱĵθ̽ߣӲ˵´Ϣ
֮󣬵Ȼ糣˿ڼϣȥմˮоҶǺõĲˡ
йһļΣۻңѡһ嵭µȹ°׽ȹڡ½󴦽˿ơ
ţҲҪһá
ھ̨ǰ췢ΡױãضžתͷҡȵĴڶ
ԽԽϵˡ
̲סޡ
ػͷʲôϵˣ
üЦָǽϵĻ
¹·Ӱ
°סòʽ£
ֹûˣ˶θ󡣡
󹬿ôãͻȻһˣһ·ǣȻעĿ
һʣ˵ʲô
˵Ѵ֮ӳˣֶεסµϡ
߷߲ƽǶǵ;˵˽Ƕõˡ
һЦ֮
Ҳͷһηϰˡ
⹦⴫һèУԽԽ
ôè
ɻǰȥţֱܽһӰ
è£
ֱضȥűתƣ̱ڵ¶ӡ
ϲѣȥһ̱èӻ°ͣӶӡ
ôˣ
״Ҳè´Ӳͱ׽ϲӡ
һߣ߻

ܵԾɴĲУſ˺ð졣
è£ū澻ȥɡ
ȻѾʧڵصĸУУĺ޷Ӧ
ذҪ߻ͻȻĻﲻߡ
ء
ԣûȥˡ
պ
﷭èţצӻѣܾᡣ
߻òУƵƵĿ⡣
̾һٻȥ
ԣ߻ͷ˵š
ʵҲˣĶʱδպī֭ëʳ䵱èǰȥ
һֻ̣צȥëʼ⡣ظæøЩˣýգѭִ˲ƣ
߻̾ԴʺﲻڣûèôԹ
һһèľˣȴ֪˸ˡ
ޱֱֹͨ˽ݣǾƼǰһĻ
ٶȴ߻ļһ˲ƵĽŷС
ͻȻڲ쳣̧ͷͼޱſڣ֪վ˶á
ëʣ롣
ʲôʱģҲͨһ
κӲϣòߣˣڵϲȲغֺߺȥЬӡ
صͷ⡣ǧ㣬Ӹˡ
Ӳ׷ʲôˣֻȡ˹עһֱίĲУﶼ˰Թ
Ӻϲ㡣
ޱƳţһȴʵģǸӡ
Ȼϲ㣬ô
ɫ۾ӳصӰӣӵòԴԵήҲ
ʱҲ̲סˣӱһһµèë
ǵõ˵ĹעѪβҡȥĸ첲ϡ
̧ͷʱֻޱζף͸ЩϬ
ŰΣޱִ̧ԴϣĿȴʼδ뿪ҡ
߻Ժʱθ㰲ǡ
߻䲻ԵɣҲоղԣһҲҶ졣
ӱθƺ˷ܣȥٳ嵽ػûͣ
ӣûκɡ

رӣĸ£𽥰֡
ԷֻʣӣƬ̣谵˲䣬еӰ
ʱǴЪˣȥӦûߡ

ӵβͻȻԵĵͺмˡ



96 
ذ, ӽɾ裬ԵȻ޴棬ȥ
Ȼ, ͱˡ
Ŵ
, Ӱ뷿, , 书Сҹ, ֻ¶һ˫۾
ز³˭, ֻû뵽Ȼ书
˾ţһҪҴ𣿡
ժ, Ȼ˾š
ϻۣūʵѰʺϵĻ, үū澴, ò²ߡ
ػӣδ, ֻδ˾ŵĻšרߣèûнӲ, ѶԷǵ
Ĭ֮, ˾ŲòȴƼž, , ֱӵ⡣
ү˼ŵó裬ȥ⣬¶ү, ﲻٹܡ
꣬վ̲סˡ
̧ͷЦ, ֪ˣȥҵϢ
ū澾
˾űȭʩ˳ԭ·أ߱ڲڻ¡
ˣõġ
΢֮ʱθ¶ˣǽͷ󺹡УҽϵĵִθΪ
𽶼ˣԱĨᡣ
ҽҼӵôˣ
ҽãüͷ壬ԽԽ
ڸоΣ
ɴᣣ嵗صɫֻһ
θۣġ
ҽӲͷƤ°ɫ
Եʳʲô
ң
æźҪ㡣
ʱƿɴһǣҽĿԡ
ҽʿӣȴٳд
ŵõϢޱɢθ̽³
ôˣ
ҽԥƵƵ̽δ
ޱ״ü첽齣ƿɴᣣȴز޲֮գ۾
Լôԭװġ
ޱδҪԲѡ
ҹ⡣ǶȻж֢֮дӰɡ
˵жһж
ּ
ҽɣдҩ֮ǰһֻζҩġ
°ס඾أķǽⶾƭˡ
ޱ˳Ϸݣס֣еǺģ
ر£˾š
治ɫھǺࡣ
ҹ˾ȷʵûԩ
ޱ׽˾ǰʣ̶װģΪ°סǺñӡ
ģһΪֻع
شл¡
ͷϣһߣ˾ű廨Ѻθ
˾ţͼıǣ֪
ޱʡ
˾Źڵϲöȴͷ󺹣ҡͷ
ޱʲôӦԹԵ㲻Ĭˡˣ˽֣䣬ϼʡ
ǣ
˾ŲΪԼ⣬Դҡɲ˹޼£ıϳθ
˾ţޱңȥҩԼڴߡ
ڣܸޣΪʲôҪ˾š
ûˣҲװЦӯӯ
лΪ檴ڻҲΪ˰Σ˾ˡ
ԣޱȻָ̧֣ⴥա
˵㶼Ϊ룬޸лǡʲôҪ𣿡
һ˲ʶҪȥԷģӲǿԼ侲
Ѿ֪˰ɣ
ϸ۲죬СƲ⣬־Լˡ
ȥӵ׽ûб¶ʲôӦòɡ
ޱĦĹǳЦ
ָҲ
ˣ
ذ˼⣬ֻþ䣬вС
ЦޱȻӣָ˳໬°΢΢̧
ûʲôҪ˵
رͷеᡣ
ó˵ʲô
ǵģ롣ԽԽԼұµıٶˡ
ޱĿһһ٣֣ظ롣
ҷԲԭ㡣
ϵʵһĶᵽɤ۶ˡ
ͨͨԽԽ졣ԼӰ죬ޱ˵Щʲô
أϵͳô죡
ϵͳͦס˵ѽ
ʱչ֡
ذ˰ٱ飬ӲͷƤޱӡ
±֤
߾ȫչ¶ֿ
һ̣ޱɿɫȻ* ·ʲôû
ڹߣͬʽֵȻ֮ǣ֮졣
صǲޱ
Ǵ̽Ժޱÿ³ֱӰڼθеҲһ쵽
ޱۣԽԽӡصԼһ¶ڶæϵͳԲߡ
أҪһСı֣ǲǲΥ棿
ϵͳҪŮԼ³ģȻΥ档ܰʾ
أˡ
ܰʾǿԲСġ
Էſ̬Ҫޱ֣±֡ؿ²ǹ°ܽˡ
ͶĿ⣬ͣī̧ͷӭޱȻ΢Ц
ʲôԸ
͵ץޱȻıߡ
û¡
¡
ޱۣѾˡ
ޱŷӦϣȴһ۵ӣ͵Էá
ޡ񽻸㡣
ԣһ٣ǿЦʲô񣿡
ޱ׼ȡ±ӣһԭǷ𾭡
ûʱ䳭д޳¼һݣ롣
ѳζǵڣʲô檵̫ˣѵǴ֮á
дд
˵ţޱѱʡ
صͷתƬ̼ͷִʣʱŤˣƫƫֱܷдʲô֡
дһŤŤķ𾭣£檶˵ˣ̫󡣡
ޱÿɷ񣬰ѱʶ֡
£Ʋӣֲд֡
ؼе
ޱĽڣֽ±ʣߣдһֺ֡
⾲ĵģ˭ûпڣȫעĳд𾭡ޱԼ¼ȴҪдȥ
ͻϵͳʾ
ϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
ţ
γѣʲôҲûɰ
⹦ޱͻȻ֡ûӳ֣ػ䣬ëʶȻ䡣
/ֽסëʣűī֭Ľ
ɵ̧ͷʱޱζӡ
ɻ󲻽⣬һԼסëʵ֣ʱȻ
ȥץģƲӵĽڲơ
£ֻ˳ֽӵģˡ
Ц
ޱȡëʣתס֣СĲãԭСĲī֭
޷շ
ȥī֭ޱȴû֣һֱŲɿ



97 
, ޱ̬õһϰ£ͷԡֱֲʣϾܲ
ڰǰ, Ų, һС, ɫȥ, ȥǽߡ׷ȥ, ס
ӣԡ
ͷ, ֱԴ䵽β, ̶ֱӣֻ̧צ󱧡
ʧЦ, ˳ƽ
, ˡ
ʱŲˮ, һ̡
ū澾èҪߡ
򡢿ȸëȫˣʲôߣ
Ȼֽ𰣬ūǰèץȸ, èһֻֽ, ȸ׷
صͷ, ⵹Ǹ⡣
ͶΧһֽ, ǽȥŮ޲ʳθ
𽸺, ùǼܣֽƬ, ˳ֻɫ
ɡ
һ׼ϣֹסĳޡ
Ⱥմȡͬɫʣɫֵ
һ磬ֽʳ¯ԻΪɫߣϲɫ
ֽǰҡΣȻӵע⣬صֻצӹֽ𰡣
Чذֽ𰽻𽣬ȥ룬ֽ𰣬ȴûдȥţſڡ
ôˣ
ز
Բӣū澡
ͷҿ۾
ؼ״Ȼĵ𲻺õԤС
̼䣬űƿǵ¡
ޱӹֽ𰣬ȥĿ
ô꣬ϰߴûĿʼ±ʣҶǵá
غ֪𽣬㡭
𽼱æӣū澲ģǱūôġ
˭סǵÿԼ
ޱƽӱߡ
ǣ
ʼղ̧ͷҴұӾܣèצһҲҳ
Źغϵɲǣ·綼žˡ
ӭŵĿ⣬ޱķֽ𰣬΢ֽˡ
ܾãʲôˡ
ޱӸµҶ֪ˡ
¿ˮ֪һ죬ʲôޱ
Ӧý㰢أ񣿻ǰ°ף
ޱüȻһ£ȻЦˡ
°ΪôԵҾȻŷ֡
ҡҡͷȻҡ
ԭ־֤ݡ
أϵͳؿɲҡ
ϵͳ̾ôֲµأ
أҼһޱ
ϵͳֹƳʣµรɡ
δ䣬ϵͳ߶ôҲûӦ
ܵĿ졣
ޱ̧ḧգһĦš
㲻רġ
ҿԽ͡
һһԼ
Ǳȵģܱݣ
֪㲻硣
ޱ۵׳ˮƲ˿ѡ
ݶ㣬Ϊĳ磬ӽΪԭ񡣡
һжⶼܽͨˡ
ÿһѿǣһٴ
渵̾Լұ¾ǴôŵĴ𰸶ͨ
ޱ۲ÿһɫãѾǳԡ
Ҳ¶ˡ
´ϻۡ
ؿЦ
ǲ֪ճ
ʹ˼ʹ߶ʮһϴ׼û
ҴˡȻҵı⣬ֵôãҵĴ
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
ȣϵͳٴα˲ʱߡ
֪УޱۿȻ¡
ûϵͺãֻҪʲôƽϡ
Ҵˣޡ
ػ񣬲֪ôοѾ޳˶ޱ
޲֮£ܲ˵˱ס
ҵĴδη˺𣿡
ӵãޱƽ̧һ˫涣Ҽ
ҪӦˡ
سƬ̣ѡȴӦ
һ뿪㣬ұ֤
ΣȰס¡
ޱչ¶ЦգȴɫЦŵģů⡣
㡣
ޱͷһθͬ齶ߡǶͷûд٣˭Ҳҽš
᣽ҴҵĶѵ齶أ˹ԧɣֱҹ
˿ҽѷֱ˴ˡزŲһ£ޱʱС˲
ȥģ
̾Ҳȥ
Ľͣޱĸˡ
ضʱЩۣһޱӦϰˡ
ҲʧˣġƣҾߡ
ޱҴ̧ͷһƳβ죬вд뵣Ѹٴִı
طȰ˰Σʱ½ģԹɺá
תۼ䣬ޱס㺽ŨȻ׶Է˼ǵ˷ݣϲ糯ô죿
ʱ䲻磬¸ðˡ
ޱȴñ˴ٶȳ١֮ʣͻȻڵֱҧһڡ
˻
˲ϺʹҪľ̷ұ¡
ҹزʽ˯£˯ø
ٴѾ糿˯Ƿѿһˣȥġ
һ˲䣬Щ㱣Щ´涼ĻþСµӡģҹǻþޱѾ³࣬Ҳ̹ˡ
ǿԼ˳ñ졣
𽣿
Ӧڣˮϴʼգ𽶼ĬỊ̆ڡ
һԼߴߴͣдСͨͨ㱨һ顣
׸ԵɣǱƵǸҪοˡ
𽣬ôˣ
𽵱¹ߵݣӣūū澲ñӣ𷣡
ɡ
ҡҡͷֹš
Ӳԭū澣ū澾Ͳ
εԭˡ
Ȼ̧ͷŵԭūˣ
·Ը㣬Ҳûа취ܾ
ûϾԼұжƻ˭
ңڱ£㱳ҡΪҲ
Ľᣬæл
лӣ
̽ͷأ
ʱӦѰˡ
˫ӣµè±߻㱧ȥˣǱ·Ըȥġ
ֱԾ
Ѿ֪ǵأô˰ӱߣ
»û³𣿡
ʱӦÿˡ
ͷӱͰ͡
֣£һʱ
ºӶڣֻԼȥҵӡ
ֽϣȥԺš
ŵĵſڡ
ǲȥ˺òã
̽ǳ϶¶
׳ʲôˣ
֧֧ģֱӿ¥
׷ں棬鼱֮´󺰵²θ󣡡
µ˲䣬Ѿƿθţ
Ϊ׵񣬡·θ¡
԰գֻһ¹غϡ
֪ţšȫ˰ء
ԭأ벻ס
Ϊʲôֱˣ



98 
ޱܶ, θڶʵʵһֻȸҲɲȥ
һϦ֮䣬췭ظ
Էⲽ, ҹúõ, ôϾͷأ
ϵͳ߰˱, Ӧ
һ¶ܡ
ʱ, СĽ, ״һ仰ҲҶԡ
ۼ׼, غȻڽס
ӡ
ԭ, ߬ͷԽԽ͡
ε̾, ôֲˡ
ٳǰ˵ʲô
Сش, Ⱥһеȱ»̸ڼ, 뿪ΰ벽
ҹ´Ϊ˽ľģٺˣ
ɻ
ذ̾, ºʱ
ū澡֪
ҲûΪ, ˵㻰̷ˡ
, ȳԷɡ
ʳϲĿζ, һӣһ˸Բꡣ
ޱڣҲ, ֱǶꡣ
ش򿪴ӣ˲, 顣ƣڴѲߣ˿̧ͷײۡ
ޱ˽ȫλסȥ·
һӰԾ£գ۵ĹֱӴӴӷԷ
һϮ¾װָһݡ

ؿЦµǸ߿ˣԿء
𰱧ȭ治ɫǵİΣ
ˡ
ʵʵش齼䣬û˿Ҫܵļ
״һٶԴӷɳȥ˳ֹϴȣˮһǳɡ
ص˲䣬űߺȻһֻë޵ĺè

Ƭֻ̣߻ԶܹȻ׷ӡ
Сڣͣˡ
߻Ļ˺ð죬ȥӱ
˻ѯʣˣūű·θôˣ
΢˼־ζչ˺è¼ɣĲضʣҪԴʥ⡣
ū֪ˡ
߻æͷٴ̽ӻһΪ¥˵ǡ
¥ϣزرӵĽòġ
յȵ¹ңڰޱȻˡ
ʱŮ۱´һ񣬷糾͵ĸθ
μ£
ԣ̴򿪷ţͼޱѾ̤ʯס
æӭȥޱ£ڵĽԷУһȲ衣
ĺܣůһů
ޱƽݹʲôš
رȡ¯תһ룬ı⣬Եů¯
µ
סޱ֣סԼĵ¶˼ȡů
ޱ񽥽ؽôԣ
Դޱţ˲Լͬıܿ˽֮¡
̫˽ʱʲô͡ǴҪģȰס
ǲǷˣҰ㰴
ޱ䴽ǳЦζ촽ء
ãֻʱʱ̿̿㡣
Ů۱һҹ⣬Ͷ価Ե֮磬һ򵥵͸ѹ
εЦЦһϰ£ԷǴͬˡ
֪ɼ
ޱȿڣ㲻ǹҡ
ԣضжˣһޱƽ⡣
ǡ
ޱһת㼸ңңʵҺѲԹ
شԲ𡣡
ޱ̧ԴغҵǸҪĴӲĵǸֻҪԶҡ
Ҳ뿪ˡ
ĵ
ޱЦָ⻬Ķ
˵ѡ
أ
һޱԽԽúŪˡ
ޱȻɫ
޷֤Լ뿪
ջ֣뵗룬Ϭƫִĵز
ƭҡ
Ĳ뿪㡣һ߾ʵŵԣޱҵĻ
˱ȴޱֵ̧
Ҳŵˣһҵķʽ¡
ޱһһ٣ִСƭӣûһʵ
鼱֮£ѿڶҰʵġ
ͻıޱжϣ䣬Ƕر
ϵͳʾʱ˵
ϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
ϣ֪ߡ
ϵͳеԵЦźŲãҪ֡

ģޱӵƽ
Ķʲô
ϵͳע⣡ܱ¶ʱչֵκϢ
ḧļǶ֮ĶҲǺ
ޱͬǰһŵĻ㣬ƫ㣬رϲ
ɽζƺЩ仯ִůζ
ãޱٴȷϵĲ뿪ң
ұ֤
Ҳһλᣬɹ
ˡ
ޱ˳üۺЦÿĻȣΥĶˡ
ڵΪʱ򣬺Ȼ־㱣תĵȥ
⣡ִˣ
ޱסӵڻľѣӺģһ˿˷ܡ
ʧȥʶǰϡڶߵ
Ҹҵķӡ
ʼŵԼԼҲһֱŻ
ٶֻԼԺ˯˺þá
Ŭ˫Լڵİδ֮ϣϸŴ߱ɴڵסߣԵԼʡ
طЩ졣
سƿɴᣵǿ̣ܣϤ
񳯷磬İɺ׵񷶥յԼǰĺ÷״ƿÿһǷǹ޵
ôطǹˣ
ʱŻ򿪣Ůڣһһңֱͭ裬
μ
գգۣ߻𽡣δԣ˫˫ϴ¡
ھ̨ǰžеԼԴӻ𽥱
ǵԼ˻ޱ㣬ͻصǹ
߻һɫȹаٵƣǰ׼Ϊơ
÷٣ǵĳ˵ΪϷͷҡ
һѾǵĹơ
»û³𣿡
߻׻ص鷿¡
ʱڣޱ
Ƭ̣´йֵǰǹͶ޳С解¸ƵĳԼΣൽۻҡ
Ǳ·Ըūġ
صͷ͡
Ŀ¶죬˲ֹƽ
Ϊλǵʹͻϲѣû뵽㵭Ȼ
˷ǹ´йֵˣפ㲻ǰ
µΪʲôҪðǽ㣿ڻʺ޹
Ȼִ̧ļͷ
ǰʥ¼ɡ
ͷɻʶС
˵ΪʲôܾλЩأʶˡ



99 
϶ݷ, Ůǵ䣬䲻ͷꡣ
ԼĶϣ, жᡣ
²ϴ, Ѷ, ô죿
˭֪ۼֿ, Ѿϵˡ
ȡһǡ
޵, ̿յ߻򿪰ȵ񻨴͸
ū澹С㣿
ڼǰ, ķ鼮ȫޱƽʱ, ʲôʷᡢۣͨͨûȤշҳ, Ϳʼ˯
, ػ˻ԴԼѵ㡣
޷, á
ɨһ磬̯֮䡣
׵ɡ
ǡ
ޱ¹ֻ߻ڷǹ̷, Ĺһżš
ھĵ, Ψʰ춯, 𽿴ʹͱضϲЦտ, ȴЦ
µ˼̫Ѳ£ϲŭ޳֪ʲôʱͲˡҪǱ춯ŭҪ, СҲ͸ûˡ
ţȻ, રµ
߳ʱıһ̾ͷɻһȴ޵˶
ôˣ
ϽĨױ޻ˡ
ū±½
ԣʧЦڱºʱ
ˡ
Ƶ߹ȥݸһӡ
Һ㱣֤ҵʵĺܣ⡣
ұȻ͸Ķˣ˺еġ

㶵ӣԼӵȶ̬ɻ
תȥ˯ޱԾøʲôʲôеģûʲôӦġ
ڴͷÿᣣԶ۴⾰ɫĿɣ÷֦ͷ羰۾Ѻá
ϧûеӲƷȻʮ²ݣҲǲС
˼䣬ػ˯ڴͷ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãУϱӣһֱڴ߰עš
һֻۣޱŰһֻҲչյ»ˡ
ޱжȥճţԵƽ׽࣬ʱˮ
ôˣҲչԼ֪Ǳӡ
صһϵĽˣû˯ġ
ޱչ㣬չ˵ȥˣ
ظæѶԷעԼϣҲǽҵġ
ȻѸޱģǳֹ˿ʱ´΢΢졣
Ҫ֣͹Ұɡ
Ѿɹ飬󣬸ĶˣɻǻĪ¶
ޱҲûõȥ䣬˫շΡ
ˣҲû˵Ҫǡ
ʱ֣ޱʳֹˣžڵ
ɽ亣ζʣ뵗عԸϼģȫǵذԵġ
ΪףڹŮڲ࣬۹۱ǣǹģ֪ĻΪʰ
ޱΪʢһιߣĿС
죬
ŮһİԴøˡ
ػܣԥҪԼ
ޱȴĿ¶ԹôˣΪʲôأѵһҩ𣿡
ǣҡ
͵ĻᣬޱͷԼˣҨһι
ҲôģϾںܹԡ
ջˣԼ£űˡ
ȥޱЦˡ
ԡ
ʿˮǰĲ/𣿲ôġ
ޱȫ̶δˣΪˣԹ⡣
ܰȴ͸Ź졣Ůǲ̧ͷҲҴ»ãϾڱʱã˳ٿͷֺȽԿƲסķ
صһţУ
ۼԼԽԽޱʶ죬ҧ°ţ⡣
ˣԼҲ̲ס졣
£ȥɡѵ²Ҷ𣿡
ޱ׽Ÿ㣬ûճĿһ˲ƵĶϣͷ
ɤӣ¡
ǣ
⣬ǳһȷҪ߻ַһѣҪǰܡ
ʱޱȻڼȥֱҡ
֮ʯŻתޱһյ֮Ļ䡣
ټЩԼ˼ǧ·ա
ޱãأʹ˲ƻͨ
⡣
زʲô
ޱǰϵңĶôڵģҼǵú
ز𾪣Ҳܷ֣
ޱת˫ȴ˿ӰΪһλӦþ߱ѡ
յĴ̿ɡҲ㣬ȥĵĿ
ǣص֣Ŀڴ
ȥڰаҵ㣬ڵҲ㡣ѵǰȵλ𣿡
ϵͳ͸¶κιʱչֵľݣҲУӲҪ󡣡
ǣôʱ˵ıĳ
˼Ƭ̣һģɵĴ𰸡
;ͬ顣
ޱޱʱھ绪οЦӯӯģֱǡ
ȷӦزŷѾ񴲱ء
·һůƳɵ޺ߵ˫ͼڣŲ˿죬ͷһյƣǶҹ顣
ޱߣʱСĻƽ
ϸңһ¹˵С˵޴˵ء
˵ţޱȻסίͺܸо㻹һ
ӵãغޱһƬʪ/⣬ŵĲУæͷȥۡ
ޱͬգϸ
ʺˡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôӦ* ֣ԼһȣǱǡ
ĵʼմһǸ⣬ʶ߾ȫޱҪĳ̷Ů۱¡
ɢޱת̧˵Դϣȷ˼ĺ˵ȷѾˡ
̧ͷСٶȵԷһУԼֱֶһӡĳλŮ۱ºµģԼΪԳơ
ޱ¶£Ժܲ顣
ۣ첲Ҳۡ
ޱԵһۣ˿
Ҳҧ
ܣ
غЦȻܡ
ǷˣޱתȥϽھĺۼ
ԣҪ֣ջҪ糯ء
˭ͷ
زԣĴӱסӵߣ˷·ֻص˴ǰÿһ´ʱ̡
Ȼҵǣת쵗زˣǷ纮֢֮ȡɽȥ˿ٶȲಡ齣ҪȽⶾҩüη纮ģʵʵҩӡ
⸱壬Ȼ˵ز˯ůϣȻܸȾ纮
ҽӲ֢ۡ
Ⱦ˷纮ûд󰭣ҩȥռȬڼ䣬мۣ
ޱƳᣣ֮ɫ
ȥɡ
ǡ
ҽȥƿᣣޱ̶̾޿ĵشϣɴ᣶̾Ϣ



100 
չ˵¶, ޱӲˣν²ҹ, ۶Ҫͽǹġ
ڱ, Լʵʵ, ˻Ǿ䡣
, ޱĶͷ, Ծɷ̡
ûȣҽ
æס, ô죬ҽ˵, ٽͻյġ
ޱŵ̾Ϣһڴ, Ŀಡ齵ˡ
, ֪ε岻ã֡ҵ׺Ժٲȥˡ
°סӱ, ֮ǰ/ֱ¶ѩϼ˪
밲ο, û뵽ڻһԡ
˵ˡ
ޱı˳, оɫ
غòһԼ, Ц, ûµģѰ纮ͺˡ
ޱΪտ, 糯ֻ, µѰȫڸ
գɫ㲣ޱҲԵࡣ
ճϳɣȻЩ󳼸òһ˵
ذ뿪ЦȴҲǴӳÿǡ
ĳҰѾϴޱվԵȨвò
ޱǣͷҹȣձָ糯㶼ġ
βæϣȫȻҪͬˡ
Ƽĳ˵ǰĲ԰ɫѾˡ
һݣͷͣͷдһ˿ѣƱʱ
ޱ
ץס˼ҵ䣬ίĻȷʵġ
£ޱɫԲãŲ㷢
׳ŵӼϲ㣬£Լ⡣ԭ𣿡
ãޱס֣߬ĺܽ
ֻҪԺңҲˡ
ԣɵЦԭңⳡֵˡ
˵ʲô
ޱһۣ𣬡˵ĻҪԺ󶼽ġ
Ȼɵ֣ޱŤͷȥû˵˭ԭˣְɡ
֪ޱߣĪ
Ҳͬ磬ĵӣֻ֪ɵ֡
ΪЩޱص߻ӱطǹÿÿޱڣӱŵء
ڼ䣬йÿջŻͲƷǱ½Ҫġ
˲ڼ轺桢زޱʾ£ҽظҩޱĽⶾȴҩ벹Ʒ˫£ȷʵЧҲĺ֢
Ϊ̫ϻ𣬲òٴҽȥҩǰǰ˰£󲡳ڵ඾Ҳˡ
ֻ֪½ǽڷǹ֪Եʡǽ㣬ȴÿպóԺúȵдϡҩĵв²׷ףԸ廨š
ͬʱޱĽŲδͣЪļЧڳڰŵצ϶Ǳ֣ѽ˵Ĳˡ
ǰޱްӮ壬ʱȻս졣
糯֮ޱ֣¡ˣֹ֣һѻʻȥˡ
ޱ˵ϱƳǵСɤӡ
ʲôҪ𣿡
ԥǾò²졣
£Ҫ£ǳŹഫԣȫָǹǡ
һޱȻȥˡ
ܺþ˼ɣعܵ޵ĺ
ǣԽ
ʩ񣬲ٶԡ
ǵıӢ侲ǣֻڻʺ¶ϲŻʧأֶһǡ
һͬ鷿ɿ
㲻ҪˣǱµļ¡
֣εԼӵ֪ģҲס
Ӻף޹Ҳǵı£̲סʵġ˭֪
֣ߣˣҲֱ֪ڿ죬ӹġȥǳůѹѹ
ãůˡ
Ӫ߳ƵӴ˿̻ϲص֣ѣֻůȫȻ˷Ų㴥ŭµľա
մʳֻǡɿһĻתͷͶ˵һ·ϵļţ޾ϸزסһ㡣
ū澼񸮴򷢺ü̳֪Ƿʲô¶
𽲻Уʱ빬£Ϊɾܼ
ߴߴĹ򣬵ȡһ⣬߳Ա
ԴˣͻȻ£ѲǱƼˣҪǽ
ŵŲٽصȥϵĲܳȥӭӡ
¡
ѾӭˣŲ֪ޱ
ŮδӦѾޱ£ڵȥ
ޱһ糾ͣϺδȴڽһ̣ůסǡůʹ֫ٺӶůˡ
æ㼱ŸϻطǹδʹѾˡ
صϸõȲ裬䲻䣿ȥ¯
䡣
ޱԼߣﶼȥ
ûкúóԷʱҩ
ȻС
ǽҿɹˡ
ޱЦ̧Դԡ
µǹޱЪϢһյʱ䣬ٶæ
ԱţСĲȥޱרעۣī
Ӷˣޱͷ̧ȫעͶ롣
ͷһޱµӸˡ
գ۾һ˿漴ޱרע֮ʱȻ뿪鰸ǰûһֶĲˮ
ޱԺ޲͵Цѷŵĺ軻Ĳˮݵ˼Ҵߡ
¿ڿ˰ɣ
ޱûʲôֺһڣζζ٣ŷˮˡ
ؾŲ豭޹ܺúȵġ
ԣޱ̧СӲŰȡ
ط²豭ͬʱ౾
ôޱСѣ۾۲ۣҪϢ𣿡
ޱεҡҡͷȴܳʵıȥЪϢ
б֮ϣ֧ŶͷĿŷԼеĳˣ˳ë׵ԴϣָһĲ
ޱҵĽǲǸý⿪ˣ
̧ͷ˫
ޱüŶãֲ֣
ǡ
ؿĵĽͣ㿴ÿϳ͵óȥ죬ǰ춼ң
Էɿڣٽ룬ȥﶼҡϳʱҾںţҲܵġǾʱʱ̶̿һˡ
ޱ˼Ƭ̣ǺգĦţ͸ϣЦ
˵ĶԣͻȻһӣʱʱ̶ֿ̿



101 
ص, ﹬ŵƽʣϲ֡йֺæĽų죬ûһλŵġ
⿪֮, ˳̤ǹ, վɹ̫, Եø⡣
߻Ĵֹҵ, ԺûŹ, ͳͳϵϺɫ˿÷֦ͷɫĲʵƣҹ, Ȼ԰
ұһ㣬, ϡ
ָӣӹŵĵ
һƬϲɫ, زҹǳϦˡ
ôôٳ
, ޱ׷£ʵʵ
ֲô죿һҲ֪չԼ, ܽҵġ
ƾޱ䣬عѵЦݲá
֪ɵ, ޱһ, ̧ס, ȴָв
ôι, ʳЩɽι
֣, ĵɱ, Ѿ̫ಹƷٳֵϻ𡣡
ޱգȥѣһͬȥ硣
λϵܳϯޱ˳¹ףһֱӴȥ
ϡͿͬϽͷϸţԼϵĴȹŽ˿ͼڣĵ£ѲʲôǷΡ
˹˲ֱǰԼ׶Էʲô⡣
ȥ𣿡
ͣٹڵеȺʱֻ¼١
ػޱһͬ˲Яڣͬۺ
Σڳɫ죬
ޱλǷ׷ײ¼ɡ
ȺƱյຮѡߵһֱòߡǲʱ£ֻػŴӱĸ֡
СҶͬڳ̫
λǲ빬е𣿱µΪ󣿡
һŪʥѱ棬ҵܴġ
⹦ƼϤѷϵˡ
أԵ㡣
ޱȫ˼⣬һҲָˡ
ػܣֹ²ҪΪɣ

ޱЦȻ۶ֻװһˡ
²ĺʱ°סݻһλʷı˵Ǹʷһ°סΪ󣬰ʷһҾͳˡ
ұƺѾ˳ȣģ˳⣬ƱҪûʧΪҪ뿪
˼ȥʺǵõ
ʱ輧̤ŹŷۺɴȹȻ·ʢţʤա
ڴרע֮ʱ֣Ѻǰλߵݴ
£ࡣ
ޱڰ֣Ȼֹ֮˲ž
֣кҪ·ڻ֮᣿
ͻȻס֣ѣѣǲҪɨ˱µˣɡ
Ȼ֣ѹִúܣϾʹգҪ´ѽ֮ࡣ
¶죬ʼ˽˭֪֣ѣ֣Чұ£֪Եþ˲壬Ѳ˶롣
Īţ֮شȴ뷨ͬ
Ϸ
ޱͷ֣к£
ر£Ϊݳڴ֮ϣڱߣʵΪס
֣
˶ΪӳˣȻͱ³
ޱװŭ𣬡ʲôʱֵõ޵ļ£
֣ӭšʥŭִ
Ǳ·Ϊ󣬷ǵǲġ
ޱޱΪʺ֣ÿɻвף
֣ߵףˣ޻˵
ȺûӦޱּ⡰°סΪʽסǹ
ͷһһͣݵĸһҲ֪ô֣ͬģ˼ôһˡ
£˲󣬳Ϊס
ڳסȳԡ
ԣޱȻ׼΢Ц޻Ҫл壬ôһˣʮֻϲѡ˿϶ûѵԼ˲ã
ϹҲסˡǷ񶨡°סǷ˽⡣
⧲ĴԼϣʹٲԸ⣬Ҳֹ
ΪԼǣУȷʵǻʺĲѡ
ƿأŭֲ̫ĿŵϲתԵŭĿӣ޲ϵɳ
ظûƵģճպȡֳֹһΣϰߡ뵱꣬׺ݶˡ
ޱ£ɣ֮ںָܿڡ
˿ԡ°ס빬ƺܿ͵õλݽٶȿþˣССĲ˵ĺλΪ̡ʺĵڶεۺ
ǲ֪εۺʵͬһˣֻ֪¶Էأ°סԺ׾ٵȡǰʺλã˲ò롣
ٵǺλڵضԣشۣƷӡһ
ԼƵģעСŮҡһ˻ʺߵˡ
߻㣬Ҫһ£ǲΡ
߻ʧЦɵѾͷȻΡ
߻Ŀ϶ġ
ǰã»˽ôףôͻȻͲʺأ
߻˼Ƭ̣ͬ⡣
Ҳҵ˻ʺӰӡ
˽۷׷ףһʮʮ٣λʺﴫ벻ٹ֮˵
˴˿Ů۱°ߣ粽ݡ
ޱϳʱںšޱ鷿£ҪԱߣ뿪µߡ
ӦٽŵʱԳˡ
μ£μʺ
֣ѡҲͬһӦ
ޱȻߣصסصֽʺֻޣȵ˵޷
ûãǰ¡ķӦͬǰλһޣ˭û뵽»ºˡ
ֱ߷ż㣬ҲΪġֻܱ߳ԣӲ룬Ƿ
ʵҲһܸɵģȾҪ͵סӡ
ع˲֪ʱѾˡ
ޱԴˣ
صͷˣԱ˻ʳ
ٿ㣬ʣһ롣
ޱЦŻԲˣ
˵ţϵصĶӣӵַһģһ
صֲӡ
һһһϸ΢ı仯ޱжֻʣ¿ɰ
Ԫڣòã
ޱ֪ϲ֣ڹơ
زʹӦˣתһ룬вδʱԻޱʵڲ
Ǿڹ˼ˣҲûʲôùġ
Ȼ˱סѽ˼Ҿ䣬¡
ֻͻޱȼѽڡ
ϵͳʾȻ
ϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ



102 
˫, Ŀޱ֮УΧ, Ƭ̵¾á
֪, ޱֻ硣
ϵͳӵ²ۣ, ҪهNɪ, ԽͺڻֵΪΡ
أ, ⲻϵͳ㻹š
ϵͳע̬ȣҪ
أ޹ʵ, ҿͶ𣿡
ϵͳòӦ, ֡˵ֲЦϵͳ
أ
Ԫƻ, , ͨﵩףϱض֡Ѽʶƺʢ, ĲǾɫͬһ;ˡ
ҹƺ, ʡǽ߼, ϸ, ɪ԰, յյƸ֮ϣӰ䣬ƺԵĽ
һ, طѣʱ, ޱڵƻɺ˫ְסң̧ͷ

֮ȥմڵؽűߣβΧ䡣
ǰյǺɴƣÿһ涼Խ˿ͼϸ̬
رڴǰ֮ͣ̾˵շͬһ㡣
ʱڣһյ¸ƳĻơ
ػͷһƣֻյֻèģоèӳ財
ޱǱȻ̿īüۺЦ
һֱӣһỨƣԴǰΪӳΣƴӵƺ䶼ŵĹΡ
ʱ̫ãĵΪ׼òʳ߻𽣬ҲѰ׵ȥҹǹжһ̷
ޱµһһèȻΣֱߵĲˮֺδȻ֮С
۵أһȥţ⣬Զòˮ͡
̲ʵ쳤èצ䣬۰ͰͶסţ⣬š
УⲻܳԵġ
ҡҡͷһţԼ
ʧȥԴϣ˰Ūëš
⹦ææԲӡ
ضһԭǶɳڶġ
һа²˳޵Ƕ硣
ǰ̤ţһˡ
ҽջûԲء
Ƶģ͸Թ
³ƣߡ
ȥԡ
޵ڣر̬ȻʼᱳۣҪ͵ԡ
ҲǸԵġ
ӳԲţ⣬ҲԲԲӣ̯èèͷı߶ֲˡ
ޱ̧ͣˡ
ظϽӹƷϣŻƣ־ŵӣͬϥϵӶǶ¡
˵õĶׯأ
ɻޱЦҾʺ㣬ɰ
طſӣȻ˵ǡֻΪѵҲôˡ
ѽ
ޱסԼ̶˱ʣմ֬滨䡣
֪ǲ񫣬ұ²ͼϻҪϻ
ޱϸĻ÷䣬ָմȡ֬ͿĴϣĦ䣬Ϳȡ˫촽ˣ˺ҧһڡ
غٻ̫ױ˿ɶԷŪҲ֪ʲôӣֻ֪Լұһֱ촽
ޱ
촽Եøóˡ
ޱ㱣Ӧһ
ţ
ᣬ٩ޱʲôأ
ûʲô
ޱʸڷϣ˫ȴĸֺϼ
˿ʱظպƼԼͷһױ磬ϲ
ػʱºͶγЦӯӯİ顣
Ҳ£Ҫô
δ䣬ȥޱĴͬɫ
ԺƻͨҹȻҹĻлԻš
ذ˷ſ»ָ޹ģ
£ˣǳȥơ
ޱĵһۣȥнŨ㺡
ĳܵĹ߷ƫƫһ˫޺
ȥ棬һҪҪ
ɻ󲻽⣬ʮֻƳԲʲôҪϰף
ֱ£Я߳ţķҫǺǧ
ǰǹһյơ
ޱƫͷ
ΪΪˡ
׼ÿƣڵдʫʡ
Ըƽ飬ҹޱߡ
ޱƵݸأԸ񳯣ƽϲ֡
ȽȽͬʱԺĿƮϰգ۳ҹĻµĵƺþҹ֮С
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪٷ֮ʮ
˫ֽգʮָۣһͬǿյƺ
ʳԡ
ǻص޵ϵķ˪Ϻڡ
ԷһѾƣޱůĽСüʵǾ񫷸ˡ
£ʱ䲻磬ðˡ
ض¾ƱԶЩ
ҽˣٺһ
ޱЦ䣬üʺ飬˫պθ
ȻѾˡ
̾һ˱ͻش齡
ջҪ糯
ޱЦҡҡͷκģٿǰ˶Ӱһͣʶץסصĸ첲
ߣҡ
Ҳߣﶼȥ
£죬źɺá
ԭ׼ϨˣޱȴͻȻ˫סӽ
ߡ
ûа취˼룬ֳһ˿˵ϡ
ޱƣ߲˵ġ
ޱЦһϱ۾һͳ硣
ҹڴǰֱҹ̲ס˯š
գΪޱԼѵĳ٣û뵽ʱѾˣϻ˿һˡ
ұ²õƶ赲糯ĽŲ
ججû˯ѣھ̨ǰױǷ
ܾýٵʲô
ػͷߡ
ȥˣ
ޱ˴ţصطԸŮǲ̷û߻ˡ
ףūҹ岻ʣЪˡ
ֲýôԭ岻
ҽ𣿡
ֵģСëҽ
ԣϸĴ𽣬ȴƲδס
Ȼ岻߻ˡ
ֱл£ػǸеƶ
Ѿͷƽߴߴģô氲
תͷ߻ٳǰ˵ʲôˣ
˵ūǴϢһԡ
ӣޱȥĶҪȻûнǲ֤ޱѾʰˣ
߻ජŵ𽣬Ծ
ʵڿﲻԾֱһ⡣
ǣū澻עġ
糯Ծڶ࣬ʹ³ʱҪڻϵţޱ³֮󣬹˲ϱģֱǹ
·һɧңԺǽ֮Ũ̹ڷǹ
ˣǹˮˣ



103 
ǹƫ֮, ŨֱŴȻ
Ǿʧ룬һ* ·Ƶ, Ҵ, ۿҪ
Ҳ֪ǱǺѵ, ǱĻҳѵ, ۾, ȴԼ𺣡
ʲô
æǱȼմĶϱڲԫ, ޿ɱܡرǺֱᣬסڱԾɿԲֹ
¯֮, ̵ĻŰΧ˶, һյضᱻʴ
ƴȻ, Ȼƹңô˲𡣵Ѱĳ·, ȫǴ̱ǵζ
ϵͳˣ
صڵأһϢϵͳһþݡ
ϵͳ, ұ㣡
δ, ֻлֳ˶ĺӰ, ðźȻʢ, С
ޱǹǰδȻˮȻλ, ȫҪʱ䡣
ʱѰ, £ʺﲻ
ɽޱֻһͷ
أػ桭
ܲ˵壬µ˵ǰƴס
²ɣΣգ
֮ܳʧ
ԽɽΪأ
Ȼޱ˿ȥκȰ⣬˫ɺ죬
ÿػ棡
֮ʣһӰޱ𺣣֮ݣüһ佻
²ðգһȻػʺ
ֻȷӦæ󺰵𰣡
ϵͳ껤סأػ浲棬ĻѾսˣԾɰѵعڻСֱˣŹˡ
ٴѾȫĻص޵Сʱѱ𣬿ƫʧأҪɡ
¡

ޱæشţۿͨ죬ﾡɫ
úţҽ˵ҪúϢ
֪ޱһˣסԷ֡
ûˣ㿴Һúõġ
ԣޱǿһĨǳЦͷʱȻᡣ
ôֿء
۲ѣ̧ȥᡣ
ޱֿЦģͷȥ
㣬ΪҪ뿪ˡ
ġ
ذο˵ʲôҶ뿪㡣
ϸİޱò׽˺òˣȻ¡
߻ôˣأ
ޱ֣£İɣû˳£ٵֻƫڻҲֻ㡭
ǹ˵Ƚ԰ȻɿţǱӿͷ
ޱḧգ㲻عˣľ
ذȻޱҲָյ侲Ȼλ䲻˳ᢵŮ۱¡
⿪󣬷ǹнճճ̷ĹŮԼԺ·ʱ߻ǲŮнһ˷̡
ǹ̴ӽԱеޱʻ
ʱ˯ͷԸū˻ȥЪš
߻ڵУ䵱ϸڡ
ٺū澺Ȼر룬С˯ˡūǰȻҲˡ
߻֮ŮͬԼšǱ߻ǲ֮ϤԷ֪ж˯ˡ⿴صڼ䲢˵ȽǹٷˮʱȻѵ
¡
һֻ¯ǵʺ޹еֻ
ޱšüӹմһ¯вңڱᣬɷ֡
ûзֿɵˣ֤ݻ֮˾ڷǹڡҴ֪ܱ㣬ϳ֮ŷ¯еġĿǰ֤߻
ޱȥָң̧ʱĿѸɨˡ
߻ȥҴͥʡ
߻ʧɫæߵͷģūûк
֮׷ģ˵Ƕһġ
⹦ҽдõķӳǰ
£ѵ˼ζҩģȫǰģÿźһΣռɡ
ޱʾԼලҩٲκʧ߻˵ģƳš
Ҵֲͥ˴ĵطֻҪȥųҲ˲Ƥ
ŮǵĿ޺ĻǾеĵأźó̴ݡ

ޱƼҲʲôӭ
ôϢֲˣ
ǵ̬ϸ
Ѿвˡ
ԣޱȻȴɫ䣬ǣһͬصϱ
ҹˡ
̶תͷŹŮ˵ǾԲı

߻涵ŵ֮ˡ
ǣ֮лˡ
عԣҪҽæ֪ҽɷЩŮУ֮ˣ
ҽ߻˸ǰͷ󾱰顣뻯ǳԵֻıòӾտȴͷ
鵽ʱԳˡҽ˫һУʱķӦĸΪϸ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬̧־һơҽۿҪΪʡϷںգ۵Ĺ򣬾֮䣬Ʒ棬ס䲱һƵС
ҽ֮಻ҴĿһȥ󾱴˺תۼ䣬ģ¶İס
شΪ𾪣ŴҲ̫ˡ
Ǽٵģںδ
ģ
Ůӱ𴩣ҧࡣۼֿס°ͣɻһֻĿĲҧ࣬ҧºĶҩ
ҽ̽Ϣҡҡͷ
˶Ѫж߼̱
˰أˣ׶༪٣
ǿĵǣޱս֣ƬҲɿ
İɣһҵ𽡣
Ů۱¼ȫ䣬Źκһ䣬Ժʧ֮ÿʮ塣
ڵϣޱ˷ǹŮǵ𷣣ȥٺЧȡ
ѲŮס԰ӵѰɼʱȥˣɫԾɲ䡣
һֱޱߵȺϢۼһӽһӵϣҲԽԽã
ֱһ۷Ѱͬ
ǲ©
üչ˶أͬʱޱ
˸ƵģӦ
Ҳ˵ĵʱӦҹԪڣͻޱĺ߻˷ż٣û뵽ų¶ˡ
߻һμʲôʱ򣿡
߻ŬҹΣū˯磬˯˵ǳſè¡
ȥӣչӵĹŮûм𽣬ƾʱڳ¡
еطˡ
غȻʲôץޱּеиطӦûҡ
乬



104 
Ѳ, 乬ķȻ⣬ƾȷǹҪŨҡ
·乬ȻŨ̹֮, 乬һƬ𺣡ܸ, Ҵ, ·ҪһС
ҵ÷һȥѰ, ڵסԺҵԲѵ𽡣
, 乬ʣ޼һȥ, ϱڲԫ, һƬڣٲԭģ
غޱϵ, ҽΧ, 
𰣡
𰣬ۼȻ, ɿ
һ𣬷𰶼ֻ𺣾ˣδ˵, ϶ǱЩ, ϽԲ˺ڻ, 䲼ϸ
ˡ
ͳ, ֣еĵȴǲԶ
Υ¶Цգġ
ǽ̧ɾط, ҽ֮ȷ޴󰭡
ҽǻɿ, û¾ͺá
乬еĹԭ٣һֶֻĹֹˮɢӣֻǿϧԭסѾĿꡣ
ˮϢޱʹɽϸءޱҽͷŲйˣʵʵݡ
𽱻ֺ乬𣬻Զ϶Դͬı
һһҹ߲ݵŲ飬๬޴Ψ乬ĹŮһѾԾļ𽣬һˣ媺԰Ѱʬ塣ԭ޷Ѳų²ߣ״ͬһģһǷ
Ůȥһͬ빬ģ֮乬ɽ¶ˮʶˡ
ĹŮԼйֵһ˵µǼڲᣬҽԼǷΪĿºʵݱ󹬣ǳҹæµա
ڼ䣬Ѿѹϸ΢Ĳ˾ҩصȥúԼ߽߻
ջٵĹѾڽܹĵɣǹطϡ
ȻҪĲֹ𽣬еԼޱÿ³һ¾ǻţѲƷȥ
ڵؿƷȾܣƾôʳģҲ첹
£ûˡ
ضڹ࣬Լһš
ޱһ֥Ѽ׷ι
ԣֻһ룬վͲˡ
Ҳô˵ġ
زϹȥ¶Ĳٱơ
ޱ״ŵ̾Ϣһ
ǵӣҹ£շת
Һȡ
ذŲֱͶ/
ҺȻ
ޱﻹзŵĳݣʱʰЦա
ԣ
죬ԹԵİһ֥Ѽˡ
ޱ庢Ƶģһιһ߿䣬ι˻Ҫôǡ
ǰˡ
أ
ϵͳ䲻ðӴ㶼첻ˡ
أ㶮ʲôȤ
˶٣һĵûмϵͳ
أлл㱣ңҲ˵ûˡ
ϵͳߣұϵͳ
޴ĺԭȦԭսĻȻ޸
ʧЦлл㣬С
ϵͳȻŤ󣬴ʧ
ѽҶϰˡ
ޱķԸ£߻ɫ㡣ʲôţѣң㶹ƣˮ⣬죬¹β⣬Լвֵĵģʮǰڳš
㰮Եġ
ޱһˮ˵ǰ
̾£ôιȥҶˡ
ô˵Լġ
ޱȻס̫ˡ
˼ʩΪԲ
úúòһӲãþõҡ
ޱĿ飬ιԡ
زֹʳջ󣬸ɫ֮¡
ųһ㣬һڣǡ
˲ˣ޺γڴ
ޱѵˮһ£ĿⲻȻƳ𴦣΢΢졣
׼ôߡ
һĨζЦ⣬ʼཹðˮ
Ҫ
һιޱ೤ǳŸζ
˿ʱģ޹
óԡ
ޱѸٲȥǵĲϸֺΣӡ
֣ء
ھ
غЦ編ƣιڶ顢顣
½ʱ˲ķֿ
ޱ½Ӳôǣͼ˺ֵĺۼ
ȴ󷽷һɣ˫󣬴߲дһĨ֬죬ңʱʱ̿ޱŵĶʱ̡
ޱˣڴ͵Ц֪
¼ֲ֣ʮĵͷ
£֣¡
š
ޱʱɫɲȻ֪Щʲô
ޣȥ
ǡ
ٳǰصЦޱ߳ŭ˦ȥһ۵ŴҴȥ
뿪زЦ⡣ұ»ôƤ
ޱȥϳ񣬼νټ֣뺼Ѱ˼Ӧйء
Ϸƽ˾Ԥʾű꼴١
¶ĴѹԼķĶѾһĵزֻȱһᡣ
أ
صͷӲ֪ʲôʱܽġ
Сһ֣һ̣Ϲ齣Եë޵βͰȥ
ôͻȻܽģ
°ͣӣĲֺ
۾ǰ޷ȫ̯õķ
ߣèĹ򣬹ŮͲ衣ˮ£ȴٳû뿪
ز죬̧ͷһԭ߻
ôˣ𣿡
ֻ߻͵飬
߻Ķι£Ŵ첲ϰŰײδˣ˿ȥ㲡
һúõϢôˣ
˭֪ͨһˣͷ
رˣӦ˰ġ
ʲô
ڵϲ£ū澵Ĵлɳˣ㺦ǵū澣ū澣ūˣū
˵ʲô𣬵ظæµأ԰˷
ҾҪˡ
װŭɫҰ㵱ԼˣǲǺҼ⣿
æҡͷū澲ҡֻǡū澼һˣһ뵽Ѱ
شĻľ뷨
ʲôҵͬҪҲĴ𡣡
ԣͷһ˵㶰Ρ
ͷЦҶû㣬㻹Ļǲǲӣ
ū澡л䣡
ۼҪ򣬵ۼֿ¡
ٹҿˡ
޳ɸ˶߻ȥʱײޱ˻ţˡ
ޱãȻĿأô𣿡
͵֣ûУֻǲ˽¡
סޱĸ첲˻ЪϢ
ǲ㱨й£
Ǹˣޱ˲ɫ֣ұȻٵˡ



105 
׼ô, ¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ޱ֤, а, ûʮ, Ҳоųɡ
ȥ, ЦȻ
ű¡
Ŀ⽻֯, 룬֪, ˵ľԽԽԸܵ˴˵ĺ¶ȡ
绪˾ǰ, Լؾܲסջ佻´, ü촽, һ·ϸǡ
繣ޱʧƬ, ع̹䣬ҵĶ齱ߣ⡣
ؾ, ޱʼĹ, δ֡Ȼ鶯, Գ, ֻþݣԴ˵೤顣
𽥳У֮ʱ, ޱ԰е̺ΪΡ
ɴ翣㸡, ҵԵʣޱԼŵζ
侱ᣬº㰡
ʢѩۺɫޱĵһۣߴ㡣
˭֪׸ϹӿԳڶԸǵУĨɫ
ͣ¶ɫмǲҪԼðգ˵õģ۷ʲô¶Ҫͬе
ޱס֣ͷȴӦţ֪ˡ㡣
ʶԼð죬˼ЦЦ

ǹƫڽеУ찵Ӫ𱣻ʺİΣƫ뿪˳Ϊල⹤ǴŵϢ
ɣȴʦڣȥҪһȺˣƺƴ뿪ǹżȥ԰ɢ
ʱڣ԰еһʢԶ֣ͬһƬۺ컨ҡʱ˻
رǰߣԼĪʮˡ밵ӪౣŷǹĹŮǣ߻ң粽롣
ͣէůһƽжͤһڲèͷʹӶ̽ͷ̽ԣɫèۺ
ԴϣίУʧЦ
ţӴԾ£ͤʯϴĲֺ
Ȳ衣
߻ĺ裬һѪࡣ
·ԸˣյĲƷ
ޱʱҪԶԼԣµãʱ¼ලġ
ҶóԣؽӹҨһ״ЩŷС
⹦ԶˣȥһɣͺƤԲʵһûֱȥ込䣬۾֦ͷһ׼צݻ
ضһƣϽ˰ӱһȺΧץסһֻèǷġ
סĳè˵ĺ󲱾ᵽǰ
ֻһŵڵϣһȦȥؽűͲᰤѵˡ
ΪҾͲ˵ˡ
ع

Ľлţ̧èͷֻצӰŵصȹͼӳè󱧡
ҡҡͷصռ˫ϥλãһǡ
ѽ
ûޣÿȸëè
һһػֻצذȫעʰ쵵ëϣûȥƤһˡ
ʱʳֵɫ㣬ıз֡ǰ죬ǸС·ոµС
ɫСϣĸһĿȰԼĽ
ɰ
໣
һһèͷϣʱҴҸڷСֹ
סצ棬ߣȩ̀ͷͼΣʵǳʲôˣ
˼
ʷҲĸЯҾ˳ǣ˵źˮܵţ̽£ڹȺº
üߣèĶͣˡ
ʷ°סı˵
ݴţͻȻܵʲôѵԸģ
⹦򣬻ޱӦڴй
ص׼ʷ빬ҪԻһˡ
ǰŴ˷طǹʷžͱ
ضλ֮ϣóۺļﱧӣˡ
ʷæŮʹɫ˺Ĭ
μʺ
񡣡
ûÿҲз裬˲ӭ
ʷԤϵҲգȻЦŻʺ﹬ˮ̽˺ӯҲرİΣҪͬһ
ǰʺɰã
ЦϽԼŮǰ
ӯʰ
ӯƸĸǰ㰢ķеķţﰲ
˽ŵڵһһУѾԼ³ʲôġڡ°סļʣҲûһȸģ޶á˺ͰӯڼкаԵǴͬ°סԣŻҪ˵ʱԥİ׳ȥ
СϢӯμȥĿƿȴɽڼС
ʼղڣʷòԼġŮ
ӯôͬ㣬⹬ûʺĵط飿йֵŮְλпȱܹ߳ӯúõĶһ¡
ԣ䴽ǳЦȻǾǿԼҡŮͻȻƽƣйϵġ
ǳйְй֣Ҫϸ񿼺ɸѡȡ͡
ͣ˲ȥ
಻ΨףʷΪѱ
⡭
ʷɫ΢䣬ЦҲҲסˡ
ǻʺˣȻЩݡ
ӯѸ
ʷæʹɫûס
ӯܵŵ˭۸°ס۸ˣԷںλҲѶԷ
һ̵߲ѣ𣬡ɶԻʺﲻ
ӯ첻µزµ£ͬҵ˵һūʲô£
㡭
ɫͨ죬һϲ²ȥġ
̾𽣬졣
ԣ֧ȥŰӯһơ
࣬ӯܹίҪ뻹֡
ʷֹ˰ӯü۾֣תͷʱһЦüӡ
ʺˡӯ˵ԣ׵ˣʵ˼
زδƽϣֻǾúЦ
һ˵ܹӵˣ볯Ϊ٣ǱĹŮӵˡ
ӲʩԾ˵СŮʷҪװȥˣŴ˿̱²ڣв
㲻Ҫ
ôˣͬʲôϵ
ذŻӣ֮£ĪѵʷҵĲǱ£
ʷһʱɫࡣûܴﵽĿģֵñˣеĲȻΡ
Ĳ飿ĸҲҪѪԵɡĸ׺ð
ͳӿĨᣬֻҪϰӯȥҲԸ
۲
ӯĿԹĵ֮ˣļޡ
̫Ѩͷۡǵġ°סȻ̻˶
ۼһڷǹһϷأߵڰףװɵң֮񣬸Ӽᶨ˵زݸľġ
ˣˣ밲ʷ
ҪæͲشűˡ
ôϵı˵ǰƳȥʮ壬˿Եò顣
ӦڣУࡣ
˼ƣĸŮĿȻֹٲΡ
ʷģֵҪ¡
˭Ҫޣ
һ䵭Į˰˵жʱѻȸ
μ£
ˢˢ񣬵ӭ
ޱ̤ǹԹʷˣֱ



106 
û뵽ޱô, ˰ʷķصظϹġ
¡
ӭǰȥ, ȴޱס
Ů۱, λ
ʺҪ, ôӼ˵ȡ
ޱָ, ֲɿ*
, صͷЦ
˵ǣ檿Ƿס
¼˰Ĺ, ٲŵ档²˭Ҳ̧ͷ
, ޱ·ſﻹˣȻ, ʷ̽ʺģ
ʷ, æص, ǵĻʺİΣ
ޱÿɷֿӯķ
ǧΪڷǹ
İӯΪԼ˸״Ļᣬવ̧ͷ, , Ҽ
ر, Ůͬǰ̽ʺ, ˭֪ʺﲻϧ飬ŮŮǴ˳ȥڸ, ĸµĻʺﾹײϣТ
ӯ
ʷӵ, ݺݵĴϰӯ
ޱһ״Ϊѡ
Ҵȷʵί𽣬𣿡
£ѡ
ʺ󱧲ƽǱͼ/ߣԲѷ
ʷһģ£ʺǳİŮôοΪʺ󣬳ҡ
ޱڵصĦöԷ㡣ǰԹţֻա
ǻ֪Ϊʺ󣬲ǰˡ
ޱתͷȥ԰ˣЦݵȻ޴棬ȻвȻʺҪӦҪ޳ΪΨ׵ĻĿ
ң
ʷڵϣʸڷϡ
ˡǳСŮʧԣ޴⡣
ٿ밲ӯѾŵ羪֮ͷǱʷѵġ
ڡ°סǰָʹˣʶĲϰԡǰλһɱ꣬ǰʺĹϤõ֤
ƵƵͷģޱѰ˼ŻĲˣĿڣʷŮ޷·ϡʷΪٶ꣬Գ͢йףٺһ꣬ٷݣö
ǣּ
ʷŮߵͷл
ɿޱֲӯײʺʮЧȡ
ʷҪΪŮ飬ޱ˶̣ԷκĻᡣ
̣֮仹׼̣ʡˣ޿ܻı⡣
ޱЦЦʺʵ£޿ûôġ
⹦򣬰ӯѱϳȥ̣׷ȥ
ʷ˰أߵס
ּ
ǹ⣬ɷʰӪලִУ߻졣ÿһ£ӯҪڡ
ŮˣŮҲˣ
ʺˡ
ҷۼŮ򣬲ݺᣬֲҷʥݡ
㣬˵ģҪﻹǰ۸Ů
ʷˣŭ䲻
ŷ˵Щʲôðӯҵӯ
ʮ½ӯֱ㶵ȥѾ׳ͷ
ӯ
ҷæҵķŮıѺͳ
صڸɷһڶ
ūֶˡ
߻Цõľ壬ʲô
ǡһء
ͷɵֵǱʥ
ȴðʷһҵ־粢ûô򵥣Ҳ۷ͨߥްʷǰ֣ע⣬ﲻ֪ʲôС
ʲôأ
ޱģѯʡ
Ӧޱʶĵ뾡֪
ԣޱ⣬ȻǺ뵽һȥˡ
ڽġ͡£ʷһ̶δ飬ձ뿪ǣԭ·ݡͬʱޱųϢƻʺףܾ볯סڿڣΪú
סǹ󣬹鰸ǶѻɽÿնۣС飬Լط౾ȫڴˡ
ޱڰǰ۾дע¯ϣڵ
Ƭ̧̺ʱһ֦ӻԭĮ˲Դˡ
ز죬һ֦봰ǰĺ÷ƿУתĹ򣬶ڰմ˸诶
ޱ״Ц
عԹԵܹȥĺӣպ˵ģ䲼һϸޱһ˿ƤսͷϼͷżƬһꡣ
ޱȥ꣬˿˳ı𵽶
㿴㣬һͷ
زŲ˼ЦЦ
ûע۵һòÿ
ÿ
˵ʲôޱ˵ÿʮûԭ
è£
һ޵ŵ

Ůڣԭ׷ιʳ˭֪Сڲϳԣܡ
ǰŵϣԶӳԷ岻ȰһԹԵȥ߳Էڰһʳﶼûˣһ
Ͳʳ߻ЦҪû˹ܵè¡
رޱ࣬ۡڼ䣬ӹĶӣŷĳèԻʳˡ
ֲóôֻιõ벻󣬻ס
ֱޱűʣӶЦݵ¶
ʵҲں
ֻǲޱκвԼ
ޱȴЦں
ԲںԼñ˵һ֡
һ£˶Է⣬ѵò˼Ӷ͸ŷۺ졣
˱˴ϿҪŶԷһЩ
⧲һ໽УȻΧŶת˺üȦըëʾ
أ
һСİˡ
⹦𰼲֣һͬ鷿ţҪ¡
һɫҴңضǷ˲˴¡
˲ҵ飬ڼ鷿֣ѵȺѾãɫأûüʹҴ빬ɼ̬
кҪ£
֣佻ɫջǰ档
£ճͻ˻ңҧգҹҲСҧ֮˻ϣ䣬蹷һͼˡ
ֻ뵽˴/Ⱦ/תһ룬С˵磬ס趨ʲôġ
ˣ
ޱšü⣬Ǻζ
æݿΣǻ࣬ɫۣ۾̣ҰƵļ˾ȥ˺ҧ
ûҧ֮˾ͻɺһĹ
֣ҲΪ𾪣崫ԭ
صͷҲǡ
£ΪѲϵ
û׼ʷ־ΪڸǴ˴ı
һ֣ѽ¶֮ɫƺɻһ빬еΪ󵹸ꡣ



107 
⼸, ѰγצȨٲȨ⡣, ǴӹﲻϿŮӳƵ, ŮˡЩݷڰ, Ż, ǲľ档
ȵʱĹ, ǵµĻ塣Ϊ˲/ҪʦȨ, Ϊǽһǰˡ
ض˼, δ˲ɫ
֣Ѳ⣬ƶƫƫޱ, ϰΪ, 񱾸ˡ
֣˴˽ɫ, ջΪȻ°סȻҲűµжϡ
ޱٶȲԴͷɽѲߡӪ, ʲô紵ݶ
ͻ˻, ֻ֮, ͻ¼ƵڰͷԽԽ, ޱҹȻģĿ
ʱ, ҹǹ޵ŵ, ޱǰüʱ
ھĵģżŷҵɳɳضõĲˮ͵ǰãżޱ̧ͷ
أЪϢɣҡ
ȴҡͷһ˯š
ޱֱδĵ౾ɵ½ΣҰ·ֵЩ
ܷػһЩճܹġ
ҹ
ޱӲ񣬵ǲǲšۼἰȻӦˡ
ãҽ㡣
˵ţмùȥ뵗ؿһ̵ְֽġ
ѧҲ죬ϸ£ܿˡ
ޱۺЦԺЩͽˡ
û⣡
ѧӣ۾౾дע
һ£˾æĽų죬̫ͬҽԺҹĹҽ伮ҽ˼ޣҹߣһҽѰߣһʱǰ
żƣ˻֢֮/ȾѸͬ/ߣ˴ôԭзɽ⡣
ޱ˴ּ֣ѣж˹Ѻ˾ţƾƣҽƽҩ
ңĻ̻̣ǰ춼ҳˣʮﳤһƬ֮֮۷׷ףȴܸ׽֮
һʮʮ٣ҧ˵˻վͻɶˡѲѺ͵ĽﲻߣҧԽԽ࣬ʤ֮ѰҶԴͷܴӸԴϣⶾ
֣춼˾ںҹϵĹ۲죬Ŀ궨֮ĹС
Ǵװ磬αװеĿˣ˵Ⱥݾߡ
֣Ѳǵһȥ̽飬ΪͬǰĹȻΣ¡ϡ񾹺һ㣬ٲҵ̱յţһ·ѾطŽգǰͷ
̽ѰһƬ谵ΨһҸ¥ŵơ֮ƮԶƺһַ
֣Ѱˣ˿֮ȻֹȻü
һ̣һȺŶ֣ѵ
ˣ
֣ѱˣʱźš˾ǾŻӿУЩȻ»𣬼ܡûã廨Ѻš
֣Ŷ룬ȴȥ¥գʣ²ĶˣԼ˵Ķҩ
ͨͨѺţ
ǣ
ѰԴͷ֣дϲʱϰ©֮㡣
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬֫ãֱ֣ѡ
Сģ
һˣȴҧˡ
֣һתͷٶȳ˹
ݵһƿն룬ֱж˵ź֡ţ˦𳤱ޣӣסˣקڵء

ٺ֣ѼԼӣϲֵǡ
û˵ɣ
˱Ʒ˵ҲõΡҽأձҧ˵һʱýҩɲתɶˡ
𳤱ޣ´һ
ȻȴǱĺܣߵ㻹֪ңͲ֪һᵣ㡣
֣ƽֶΣȴǸս
֣ЦЦⲻΣղû㡣
һתͷߡ
֣Ѹæ׷ȥô֪⣿
ײβģ֪
ԽԽ죬֣ȥһˡ
ץˣɢҥԣĻ콵ֻŮӳƵۣ첻ʡɢҥֻǸǮµģһ֪ǵøǮŶӡ
Ϣֱز«ʲôҩԭհΣҲҪΪ¿һ˳ñӡ
̫ɶˡ
طȻ
ޱȴȻˣӦòֹһɢҥԵˣûбİ취ˣù֮˵ȡ
رޱԼҪںҪı³Ϊ˳̵ĺûʵۡ
Ѱ˶Դͷ̬ǵԿƣȴԶơ
͵͵ޱǲѾжԲˣ
ԣޱִ֣ЦǲҲ뵽ˣ
üͬһЦɼ뵽һȥˡ
ٶԶȲҪ䵽ʵǿջ
̫ҽԺĲиŬ֮£һѾʶѣҧˣֻжⶾʱҲԽϳ
˾ű˲Աۼ֣ѺÿЭ̫ҽԺΪжİҩһڼ䣬ǵʳסȫɳ͢жʱ̵İѾȫظԼС
֣æµţƱʺͻȻ١
ҪӭӣǶѾԺš
μ£μʺ
֣ﻹš⾪ʥݡ
ޱ̹Ȼ޵Ӧ̽
һԣظŲ䣬ҪΪҩʾʶƵ
֣ʱӦΪæʩ񣬡֮٣ʵ˰֮ҡ
˸֣ѲǰãżﵽжİգŮٽУһȥӦнˡ
в˰ںԺѾתˡ
ɸϷҩʱ䣬غޱǰðæҩԺǱҽչˡ
ضҩݸһͯǺԼĪʮңɫӻָԿԭòǸ׾ɰСŮ
Ůӹҩ룬˹˾ͺȥҲпࡣ
лл㡣
ƣƳϵҧˡ
ˡ
Ůͷתʱץס½ǡ
㣬һ𣿡
̧ԴϣĿ
õģ˶
͹ҩ֣Ѳʽ˽ܡ
ǵʥϺͻʺص̽ҡ
һ˷׷׹ؿͷʹжҲҪߵݡֹǰãͬԺİٵϢϵǰòΰݡ



108 
Ů, Ŷ˿ͷлм㡣ΰǶΪ˵Ϣ, ޱòлع
ۺһͬ̽жյϢֶ, ʹҥԲơʮﳤ»ָ¡, ¿, СﶼŸʢĸҥرǲݡ¥˵, ϲĽ¼λ޲ʥϰӡ
ƽ, ޱּΪΪ֮ɽǰٹٸۺǰ㣬Ըһ˳
ƺƵݺ᳤, Ǽеߵݣɽꡣ˻, , ûʤǰ
ƿӣۼ·ͷܶ, ǼͷҪհʥգʵֻӣӰֳֳì൲סӿȺ, ֤ӵԳͨ衣
, ͷĿеĳˡ
·ˣ
ַ, ޱֻʱ˫, ۵һƬ־뵡
ؼ״ЦǸüᶨűλˡ
ޱԹЦ, ִ̧ա
ɵϡ
ΪʲôҪ˵ɵ
һε
, ޱЦһ˿磬ʲô䵽Լжֻʣ¿ɰ
ҲںǷΪֻں㡣
ǰϣǰ㲻ܲƴҲҪһϾɱİϣһò³嶯Ϊϸˮ
Ǹøлˣ㡣
ޱ˫֣µ
Բ죬ң
ޱ֣ԼĿϣܵԼ
֪ңԲעһƺ԰أֻҪڣҿһ
κ޿ƣǵľһĵġ
䣬غȻһ¡ڣޱÿն󲿷ڻֵȴûǵٷ֮ٵԭµļٷֵޱƴԼģֻΪ˵
֪ģۿ΢ȣص˱ס˫Ȧһ˿롣
Ҳˣұ֤
ϵͳҪȥʵˡ
أʱ򡣡
֮еĺҡڣתȦΪǿ
ϵͳлҡ
أллȫ֡
ҹǰ˳ִﻤ¡ۺ󵥶ڶԺ˵ȽԺԺڱӪطԺǽɽأޱ´κ˲ڡӪȴ˽·٣˵ȽԲ֪С
ǰ̴죬֮˾ޱһ£ľо
س¼ҳ𾭣̧ʱֻȼ룬
ҹɫŨֻѲ֮żѻȵܣֹסС
ؼд𾭣ĶˡͻޱڵȺ򱩷ĵĻᡣ
ͨ˾ޱǰãΪǷڹɱʱԴУҹȻж
ģض䶯˶ԺԼžţˣཻɱ֮ڶ
ѹѹĺ´̿ͳӪ·ɱ
д̿ͣݣ
̧ޱཻʱȻУԭǽ»ͽ
浶⽣Ӱɱ˻Ǵ̿͵Ŀ꣬ȴΨһȫĵط
һһĺ˱ȴвӪɥ
ֱֳſڣ·ģѾźˣʧ
˿̣ͣޱԣһо˶Ļҳţֻű˴ˣֻһоա
ԼĪʱⰲˣŨصѪƻƹŷľ
ľͣˣޱ·飬˫ϧҪƽ䡣
ȺŶԺ佫Ƿ׷װεݣһɽԺ⣬ʥ
ϾʹգҪʥ
̣¹ش󣬵ôˣû˵Ϊβñ
ƣɽֱֳگϽκ˽/롣
Ժ׷ţԺڣӪȻֳ̿͹ʮˣԺԺС
ۼѳɣޱʹɫ
ţͿˡ
ޱ׵󺰡
ˣҽ
ɫҴҵ߳ԺţȺɫأʺּܲҽڡ
Ҫʱٴα赲
ºۿأ農λзס
һأٹը˹治ɫȴδͷһת뿪ˡ
Իʺ̵ֹ֮Ϣ⴫ɰȴ˾ϢɢȥԼ档ȫǵ˶֪ˣΣڵϦ
ҽǰ׼дҩõҩĶǾģȥõ˰ҩ׼һҩֻǲõģ׼
ҩͷصԭҩٻĲ
£ι㣬
Ȼޱװˣʵһ鶼ûСղһ۶Ӷࡣ
Ҳȡ
ػЦڱ֪ÿնҪȲƷһʲô˰ɣ
ԣޱֱ̧־סĶ䣬ǻΪ˸㲹塣
ǣǣûޱۡ
ԭûҲޱ壬˭֪ͷǱιԼ
˸ö̾Ϣһ
ޱգԡ
Ĳ̫Σ˴αضҪһթԾ󻼡
ڰٹǵҪ֮󣬵ֻ˷
֮ǰѴŰӪ˶ڰضʱۿ涵ǰ
ͬʱƼһĻ
ǲǿĨȥᡣ
Բѣһͬס֣ѹء
൱ϳȻС
ʱȫ˼ͶעڻеϡͼޱɫҰֽ촽Ѫɫ·Ѿû
壿
ֻһֻôһλˣ֪Σ
˲ЦȻǾϹᣬѡһĻף
ᣬʵ仰͹ˡ
ȥսţ۷ʱޱȻڴͷ
ۼ޺˫ޱ۲ѣȥۡ
㡭ôˣ
ʰЦգɵôأϷȫס
䣬ޱȻ򣬡صݼһ¥ˣҲôԸҵİɣ
ضʱ
ڲǷ˵ʱɣ
ѽǰˡ
ˣɻء
˵߸һҶԱµġ
ղŲ뵽ޱΣԭʧȥһ˵ĸо㱯ʹ
뿪ޱжѹ



109 
̲ס, ԼСްģ٩æ§סڶԷĵط涡
Ҳֿ, ұ֤
ͻӵޱֲ, е, 㿴, Ҳܵ, һʶرס, ڵرġ
ţҲֿ
ӵ, ܾĵģΨ˴˵
, ޱȻ, ǲȰҵױ
Ժл, ʲô¡˼ɿޱԴöԷԼղ͵͵޵ʵ
ΪʵűΣ, صذﻱޱϲױ, Լ档
ȥˮ
Ҫ, ޱס
ͷ̧
ޱպ, ȴ๡
ʵڶ㲻ȥһҧ̧ͷ, ¶׵Լۡ
ܳɣ
϶ױˡ
⸱ģޱᵽܵγˮ
ز, ٿޣҶҪˡ
ޱૣ̶ȥۡ
ֻСèƵģӼԼҪΪͬˡ
ԣһЦޱ͸졣
ôڡ
ٯٯȴһϦ֮췭ظð
дٳ£ַʺ˵Ҫ࣡
ⱻһΧסˣΪ׵£Ҫ󣡡
ʱѲӰجĽٹȻը˹
Ǻã
ǰøѽҪʺ
ԣɫĿӣɹȺ* 
ҪűıλʲôȫǽڡǰѻʺƳȥƽϢս޶ۣ
ˣɳзüޣ˱Χڻڣ޷ųϢûס
֮ʣ׽еһԣС顣
ʺסٹ٣ĪҪš
˲˼ƽϣټ֣δǰ֣صͷȥӦ£ｻҡ
˿̣ΧµĴȻ˺·ֻһװ緢Ĳǰ
ϣȫǳš°ס
ʺƻ£ѳֳȨͼĳĿ
ʮĴ󺰡
Ŀ
ڽʿ͡
ִ죬ϣ󣡱𢣡
󣡱𢣡
ڴ˿̣´Ȼŵۺ󳯷Ⱥ֮ףׯȻŭ
Цٳ
һΣϵǾרˣϵǻǲŹ
䴽ǳЦΣ塣
γԣס
߾ٴ죬дǡ
أ㲻Ⱥѳֳı֮ģñհɣˣĸԼ嶼ڱϣ㲻ǱۣԼл
˷вֻúЦ
֮λ޴ǣ˭ɴ̿дʥϣȱ֪Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪο㲻ѣԼ塣
ٲͣεǰ
Ȼڤ粻飬ҪֱԶֳ󣡡

δ䣬ɽʽһӵˢˢлڵǰ
мһˣƾǣλˣľܣʥڵϦѡ׷Ůˣ׷汾ѵҪ
һȺ۷׷ףվַı֮٣󲿷ֳӲδ̬䡣
Σһʱ̤ƻżڣɳ䣬Ԯѵ
ҡ
ϥء
٣
ɫ΢䣬пһƴδ
ôܵľֻлʵۻܵǲ˵ûаѳֳ
ܣܡ
ͷͼڶ˾밵Ӫֱ£ٹٶȺ״󺧣֪ߵݡ
μ£
ޱŲߵԣĬһЦ
㡭ôܡ
ʧɫ֪ԼмơѹƶķŭԸͷһȻѾһλᣬƴһĥȨֽ
һŮ۱£˺þðɣ
Цϧ¹˭ֻһ
ޱǳЦ壬ѶҪνˡ
Ķʿƴһս
Ĵڳ⣡ش˿ѾСʿǡ
꣬ܽһӱиϵ
μ£ѾȻеͶ
ͬʱ֣˹
£аɢãʧ
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ޱʤ׷گ
ȽΪʥ񣬲ǱƻܷĹ£ǻм˶ܼԾɸ翹ɱۡ
һ㵱ॵ춯ʿǶףޱ׳Ƴ
ǡ
ĿѣӿеУŵۺ˳ȥ
ϧһѵ֣;㱻ܽͺסһķڣһ̴ϥǣǱĹڵءֻͷɢĵڵϣ˫ڲϣ޷֮
ܣѾսһΡгУıд̻Ƕ˻Σգ׮׮Ϊ£ԼĸѺΣȺ򴦾ˣвѾ䵳/𣬻ȨرС
ڴ˵ĴգޱڻʹϯȺرǶԴ˴λйĳһԷ͡
ԡ°סͬޱϯλ飬۳Ұ⣬ٸҶָֻš
ޱֱߵλ佫ԺܽΪסұǵ
֣Ѻ࣬ۺ󾴾ףò֡
ϯʼƼϤڵ˿֮Ϊˣ輧ϵ裬ˮȣһʢ¡
ϯȺｻƱյͬٱ¾ơ
Ⱦ£꣡
ٹ˫־ٱϣɽ꣬졣
ޱͷһӦ
ԸЯֹʥɽ̣̩񰲣ٴʢ
ȾϹᣬѣ
ϵͳѣϲŮڻֵѽٷ֮壡ʤ
صЦԳڳɹıֵϲ֮С
ⳡϣޱҲûɨ£˵ȱˣͰ˱޹ȥ
չоˡ
ޱæвˣ̧ͷճյĿ⣬Цܶѽ
ͷɷн¡
ܵġ
ѽԡ
ޱЦŴȤȻ϶ˣûгԵĸ㡣
عҪޱιҳԡ
ԣޱ΢죬һۣι



110 
ĩĳ, ԰̺죬ٻޣĵΪҡܽز, ɷɫ, ҡҷ, Ϊһʢ
ͬޱᵽйСס, Ӱ, һɾ°ӡ
԰ͷѤҷ, ߴ裬ӳڿĺ, īˮƵġżнϷȦȦ, ɫƻá
ĵù׼ʴԼҪľ塣ͤ͵͵ϲ, ޱиӡ
ͤ洹ˮɹ԰ɫ, ɳͤͨĴһյأïŽ, ʺϴǧ
ǰ乬ʱ, ΪС, 򵥵ľڴ´һǧǵûޱʱĿɿˡ
۾Ŷ
ǣޱ, ԽԣӶʯ̾͵С·ǧܡ
ޱ֪Լ׼ϲⲻС˼, ҲҪض׼ľϲʲô
˫۱˿סֻõ·
۾, Ҫô
ȵ˵طƵϢĽ⿪˿
˲䣬ޱӣӦĹߡǰһǧܣ䱻ƣ˶꣬˳ƣһ·Ѷϣڶ˿С׺
ޱǧܣ·һ˼ת˳ʶʱʱ׶Է⡣
ǧԼȥơҡ䣬ޱٻΧƣ֮ʱ裬ڶʱС
мΪĴڡ
˼أҲȥǧ£ޱ΢΢ҡεľϡ
ǰİ֮˷ĵЦգزˡ
Һܿġ
ޱתͷĿ⣬ˡ
ϵͳϲŮڻֵΪ㣡ϲ񣡡
ϵͳĻУصʼղޱҡ
ϵͳ潫Ϊ򿪴ͨɷʵУڱӮӦ֣ɶһΪʵһʷĽŶ
У𽥸֣תȦͼ򿪴
ͻȻڣСˣҪ
޴ĺȻֹͣת·𿨻һ㡣
ϵͳûɣ˵ҪС˵
أǵģҵľӮõĻֶһĻᡣ
ӦޱΣؾʳԡ
أһһһֱޡ
ϵͳĬãմӦ
010ϵͳյԸΪ¶һȹɫ
أлл㣬СһһҪϴζһĽ԰ΣʣһΣָԼԭӡ
ϵͳΪ޸ò趨趨ԭֺòȥװ010ϵͳѾΪ񡣡
ӰʧУ޵ĿռҲԶ롣
ܸܵϵͳѾ뿪ˣԼͻй޵
æȥͭǰǰչһ飬Լû
ټСһġףתɹһΪϵͳ
⹦йطȴ֮СޱҲӰӣѹˣŮ۱ѾپԵ
أ
ޱײײܻ޵־δʴģͱǰһĻɢˡ
վǰԭԭĵأеٻӰ޶¡
һϮۺȹױŵվǣ΢ЦʤһС
ޱһˣҲˡ
δṳ̈һޱȻס˾ôӵţþò֡
ڵغȻõգӽãɹȴһͷˮö˶˵ĻʺȻģ뻱ʺΪơ
Ȼ𾪣ȴҲ֪˵µĵ߻𽣬ֻڱ˸ƭȥ
ԼǱµˣİ°ڹԾˣݳɰ°׵ӻ빬УӦϡ
߻Ϊ𺳣ĻŲɡ
ԭֲñ¶ﲻһū澲ס
ƵҲ̫ˣūźױôãûֶߡǴ/߲ժ𣿡

Ȼᣬɲ⣬öŵأа취ǣɶ͸¶֡
ȻٿʱĿݡ
ū澼סˣؿƿ
΢Цͷܿƹȥ
ѾͷҲ̫ƭˣ˵ʲôš
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Ů۱ר黹飬˵硡˳Ƶǳ֮ˣʼջŻޱʺ󣬹ʶμ̺òơҲ˵ʺһһɼҡ
£Σ涼ڴˡ
ط²ˮһ䡣
ԣޱָ̧ǻ㺦ġ
֪죬ʡĺĺ
ޱǲټƽϹ鼮ǣ֡
Ҳں˵ʲôֻں㡣
˲²λʺĹϵ汾廨ţΪ۱¸һλʺġⲻ֪λʺʵͬһˡ
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ʵ˵Ҳôá
ļͷбԶӰԽԽ
ˣҪˣűɡ
Ƴϣƺ財ޱЯժ¥ǣʢһࡣҹĻ֮£ƻͨӳյ硣źӵʮﳤݺύѡ
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ޱ㿴ľɫ
ޱƫͷǧǳǰһˡ
ϲԺ󾭳;Բ֮ʱ¸ѡ
ð
ĹޱСĴָԼ
ÿǶ
á
ֻҪҪģޱȫǰ
˼粢ż磬ңӺգǶɢ䡣ҹˮ¹ĽУٲһ˿
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