ƼһС˵ررַwww.677txt.com
ÿ£ϲȥ


Խԭ󱻻
ߣ
飺
ͿŲڲһֱһܣиش½һȺЩл˵ԣԱϰҰԡ
һֱûŹ֮Աǣɵһ굼µʯٴʱʮֻ˵ͺΧš
ƻײе๷ѪʨȺֳ֪Ϊڲԭϻȥһ̵ֻֻĸ
ΪֻڵĻϤչֻ̣˯ʱŻȾζڲԭ˼ٱ
Ϊһжôгȥ
ֱĸӭһڣƨſǰûеõκλӦɺڷɫĻŮ
¶ſˮȫӲˣżˣ
ݱǩ ʱԵ ж Խʱ   Ұ
ӽ˿
һ仰飺˲ԭ
⣺Ŭ


1
ϴľʹѹ
ܵסȣü͵͵˻
ţŵġֲޱȣǶᵽѪζζҵδ֪΢΢ۡ
ĵʹЩдָ
û
һࡣ
طûˡ
ζȻ
ǰһ󷢺ڣסʹ˻Դͼεѣ
ָֿʡ
巴Ӧļ֮ա
ͬһ䣬Ǹ䷢ԶŷĹǱ뽫Щļ֤ʷһһ
;У䣬籩Ϯͬɽ䣬ʯѹڳڡ
ǵ췭ظ˲䣬ǰһƬڰ˹ȥ
أ
Ǳȳˣ
ָܻٴλ۾ĿǼſݲݵããݵء
ĲƵؿ
ֱ̧ȥһƬݵϣķ綼й̵
ŵ򴽣ʼѰͬټĿⴥվŵʮֻͺպ̲סһ
ͺȻҲɤŵˣųԶһЩ
٣ףɽôͺա
ѩͼѣɤɳƣǵһۡ
ټĲݵأȥҲûһˡ
ԭأޱ޼ʵĿֻŰΧ
ܿ죬Ѫֹ˿ע⡣
СϣǱĶõ˿ڣ˿ڴѪģһ飬ʮֺˡ
˱۾ʶɨΧڲԶı
ֱľϲ
ŵ棬ӵϼ𱳰
һܴĵɽ˫װ·ƷԼһЩʳߣ˷ǵ
ʦ׼ģ֮ĲޣȥƫƧĴɽ
ʱΪȻڿԷ
Ƴһֱͺǡ
лĳʶͺǳʬ͸ģǸ޷ˣʳ塣
Բܡ
ͷڱ﷭ң˵ǣڱ˱Ʒ
ĶԼǼֻͺղǰ
СҧһڵͺնСȣǼֱҳζ⡣
ԭϵȷĻĶ
סֱϱȻסй©һ˿֣˭˵Ƿѩ𣿡
Ӧ
ű迴ųΧĿǰŵͺǡ
ʮֻͺպɫȫ
󱳷
ԺŶʱʦһ˵
иش½һȺ뿪ǵʳ⶯ΪʳˣëѪá
ϸͣоĵһΪ⴩Խش½Ǽ棬ش½ʳ⶯ｨ˺ƽԼǽ̶˵ԣ̶ֱߣ̶ûֹߡ
ܲҵǣΪ½ϵʨȺŶɥƬش½
ڵʱĵص㣬Ƥ˿Ŷÿдռǣֱһ飬ֻʲдţʨȺݵĺƽҪˣʳ⶯ѹƲ˵ġ
ʦ˵ʱѹš
ŷѧûݵĴԽ֮ԣ֮Աǡ
ֻʦʱĹ¡
Ȼ˿̣룬Ҳʦ˵ġ
Ǹ¶ܿ󿼹ѧϵ˳ҿоĹԼġ
һƬİĲԭϣеż©ͺգͬҲ֪ȥˣ̬ܿҪȻȥ
Сϵ˿ڻûšȪˮСϴ˿ڡ
˷ˮϴ˿ڱԼѪҺֹס֡
õͿϣסɿ
ﻹ׼˰Ī֣ˮһš
ɿʵɤӵõںЩ
ֻװƿˮѾõƿˮʣµˮźãԵһѹɲ
ѹɵװûӣøϲģҲá
κζһʦ˵ش½ô棬ٵ⡣
ԭ¶һߣ˿沿ҪˮԴһֱԭأˮֻʧֻƿˮŲ̫á
վڱϡ
Ǽֻͺտվ׷׷ʧȻվˡ
಻Ǻܴ𣿡
ֵʳﲻɡ
С㣬˵
˯ڵϵʱӦֱӳ
ڵأЩªͺգݲ԰ס

ЩͺĻ˵
סģǿԼҪٿǡ
Сϵ˿ڿҲǰһֻ͡
±óЩͺոҿͰǸ
ԭܴټСˣʮֻͺһֱ󼸰Զĵط̫˿ѹû߶Զˤڲݵϡ
һֱĿȥҲǰ취
ִ۾Ϸȥ۲ԶĶ
ڲݵΪ۵ıǰһȺڳķȥ
жϣˮԴ
ԭЪһᣬߡ
·żֻúͺBһ࣬ǰצʯĿת
BһҴӶվ뻮һĿıӰ
ʳද£µǲԭ͵ʳද
һ·ߵսսڿˮԴѾٽ
ԭ¶Ҳʼ½Ծȡ
һЪ˻ᡣ
ƳЩͺڸ
ˮĶǺܶ࣬ɨһȦˮ¶͵㣬ûʳ⶯ˡ
΢ġ
ⲻ֪ĳָԭ𺳡
ˮԴˮĶＸȫ
˫۶ЪϢ
ͷҶ죬һֻﵥצסֻ֦צӳ۾һѸصϣïܵҶ
Ҳȥˡ
ԻСŲˮԣǵˮü
Լɼ¶Դ
ûкˮ衣
ֻϾǶˮһϻص˿ڣƬԭϣΪͺյʳ
ˮŹ뾡øɾˮ
ӽմȾѪϴɾ
ڶŴ˶βζæˣˮԶЩ
½ߣԶˮҲܱ֤ȫ
Ҫ̫ǰϿҵӻ֮
ټĲԭǳȺӵĶ
ңһֱŵͺգδʳ⶯
ͺյҲޣֻ̫һʱǲģӶųԽԽ
Ӱó
һֻͺҪǿ˵ʱסͷµİť
ͺհһڸסľ޴£ŷԶ
űš
ղŵıҲɫףƯᣬܿ㱻ȥ
߬ŵ۾ԾԾԣֺͺǡ
һûʤ㡣
ǵСªʳ߲ȥðκһգҹĻ٣дʳߵζ
ˡ
½ľűǰߡ
ҪҵһҶ
Ըܿʵ֣һŴԣһһʵʯͷ
ҹĻӰӰ´¡
һϲ߽óֵͲʯͷΧӳһȦ
ûбĶ̾ڴˡ
ʯͷ໥ӣγһȻϡ
²¶ڵĴСҲȥ
ֵͲĹâΪĶڶѨӳţѰһλֱԿһƻҺɫཻë
ʲôë
˿ǶѧңȻܽƾһëжϳĸ
СĶѨŲһ£վƣռ壬ϣռĳĶѨ
˯ǰѵ
Ѩ¹һƬףʱľг˯˹ȥ
ӶݴԣڸסȵĽŲ
һ˫ɫڶѨͣһᣬβ˦£մʯ뿪


2
һҹ
õʣʱͷûзա
Сϵ˿ѾľֻŲʱŻ᷺ʹ
ԭ¶ȺܸߣխĶѨܿо˿ܡ
ӶѨɤӸɬޱȣӰóˮȡ
ųӰ죬ֻһܴ򿪣źʼ״̬ʱ䶼ûбʯʱ
֪Ǽ㣬̫ĸ߶ȣŲ²⣬Ѿʮʮһ֮䡣
ӶѨгѾķٵ
пʯϣӰóѹɳ伢
˼
Сϵ˻ûã߲̫ԶˣȻѨѵıӻ
ڶѨаá
ȻԶĵطȥ
ǶˣƵסѨҲҪѧЩĽ
ԣҪѶѨΧõٰȫ㣬ֹʳ⶯ҹ䴳롣
ɾˮԴҵΪƬԭϵĶ̫࣬ˮԴѾռˡ
ˮˣֻǲԭϵȳ̶ǲǸɺڡ
˻ᣬСĲֻϵĸֻĤڵȽĵطڸСӣֻĤסϣá
ܱ಻ϵĹľԣƾѹɳŲ˶೤ʱ䣬ҪҵʳõĶ
˵СȣҪŴ󱳰ͣͣ£ºܿаɫηճ档
ƬľԣɳЩСڳԵϵĺɫСӡ
ӰЩɳͣסԶɫСȫ
ӵϼһЩСӣӲõѣ֭ˮ档
򣬺볢һ֪ЩСûж
ûжСӦͱԹˡ
̫̫ңЩ׺Сӵ֦ڹľУ˴̣˵ָԱܿЩ̣Сӻһԭ
ԭϵĴ󲿷ʳݶﶼܲĴ̡
ЩСɵɳ
ԵȵȿЩɳӻ᲻ʲôӦ
ڹľԣЩСɵɳ̧ǰצڶһ۾
ЩϤһˡķӦӦͬԭϵĶһ
ֻȥ
ŹһСʱЩɳԱͽ˯ڹľڼżȻԴСצӣ󵨾¼ź콬
ζӶֻ࣬һظʣʤ֭ˮ档
ڲԭϣҲǲɶõζˡ
ܿľϵĴ̣ժЩɫСӣԵݷᷢͣ¡
򿪱ֲժһЩСӷŽȥ
룬ӱҳһСһЩɫСӵ֦ȥ㲼ھסĶѨΧҲܷһЩ߳ද
ĲԭͣڶѨУźʯȻܸоȣŶѨչ⣬ʼ˼ô뿪
ʦ˵ĿŶƤϼ¼ÿ췢飬ʨȺ󣬿Ŷ¼ƤԺ֣˵21ͣһиӵ㡣
ڶѨڷ
̾˿ֻӵ㣬ããԭϣ׺һڡ
ҲҪҵʹԽĿŶӽѺúһЩ˽⵱꿼ŶӾסλûߣɥĵط
ãϣ˯˹ȥ
һ¶΢һЩӱóСӳȥ΢˸ɿʡ
˿ڻµıȥˮԴѻıϴһϴ̫ɹ£Ӧѭá
ŲСӵ֦룬ѱʱڶѨȻȥķ
յˮƿµѹɵװϣ׵ˮ
żķȥܿ㿴ͣһСˮ
û˽ͺգԷ壬ڰߣ˵ʩһѹ˿ھۣû취ƿΣʱߡ
װһƿǵˮѹɵİװֽ۳©״˼ʯͷƴһһʯʵĴֲ״ϵɳӽ϶࣬һ©ˮƿ©УԸɾˮ
żѵ㽫ȾѪıϴɾ
ˮʱˮй㣬Сһߣ
Դ֪ʳ⶯˵ÿαЩСﶢſʱ̲ס
ҴææŶ뿪ˮԴһȳһѨȥ
ԿѨʱһֻק޴ı¶Ѩ
һҧҧʣԲܱߡ
ͬʱҲڣΪʲôҪ鷳ڶѨֻĺӣ
ƾΣ׾ٶӵ֦
ѱҷ
ֻ죬קĶ
۸ˣһקһ߼š
˲ʲôˣƴѨȥͬʱһ޷ӿͷԼù͸Īûˮûʳûͬ飬Լᱻʳ⶯Ե
һֻӶҪ۸
ԽԽ£ԹˣٶԽԽ졣
ֻΪ̰жٶȱȲԭؽԾº󣬴ʳˮɿǰȥ
ҧһζԺӵ̸е
ûʳˮһȥ
ܵѨ⣬ڵϵıڻֻ׷ȥ
֮䣬ΧƽأҧˮƿˮƿܺӣľԽԽ
ͻȻͣ£תУֽŲʾʲô
ʳеˮڵϣδŪʲô飬ǰһɫӰҺһǵӰڽצ¡
һԭأǰһĻ
ǸӰڽצµĶһͷĸʨӡ
һֱʳ⶯ͷһײϵģǲԭʳߡ
ľؿ˿ֻӣһͷĸʨġ
ʨӵ֪ͨͶ԰˽⣬ûκαȶӲˡ
ͷĸʨӵӴȽ׳βͶһأǰֻӣ;ҪϢˡ
Ա֮£ЩˮʳƺҲôҪˣ̧Ҫ뿪
ĸʨע⵽ղһֻûȤȳ
ͷֱߵ˵ࣿ
ʨӿ˵飬ͷǰ壬ĸʨ̧׷ȥɵǰ棬ס
ſˮˡ
ĸʨӽ׳֫ʱ¶ļͷĿѣѵ½ֻܼ죿
ġ
ѹսĸʨ˵ֻһЩˮʳҪȫ㡣
ЩѹɣĸʨδظȤˮõľԴȪ
Ȼã˵Ȳˡ
ĸʨӶԭأβͻӶ˼£ƺ˼
֪һڲԭٷ
ᵽɤۣڵȴС
ֻڵϵĴֿʼУͼŹ۵ߡ
ʶͷӹһɴѪζķ磬ĸʨӱ˵ڵأʳ⶯ɱĺĵ涼ڲ
ҳ£һֻͽĻĸʨڲצӹƤ⣬һӡ
֪УǶʳߣȺӵʨȺȣһǴ·ģߵƺʨռƣɲеĻʨӣֻ׺쳣ռϷ磬ҲֻܿĸʨӵʨȺܿ
ʶʱͷӣ︽ɢˮʳװƹǰԣӲߡ
ͷ˳Ĵһݲԭʤ̭ǿʳҲı䲻ˡ
ȶǣעеиӷղźӳʾ߳̾һߡ
ƹΧʱֻë׵Ļ̣ʯ£ʱ˻ţɵ
ẦºĸʨӴ򶷵ĻȴẦ⼸ֻûСȸߵ̡
ǵĸȣǻûôƤëϵİߵ׺һ
ûж⣬ƬԭҲǸղֻأΪֻ̣ĸʨӵĵǲв
ǰգ»ԼζᱻǺϡ
ߣԼԼͷĸʨĶӵӰԼվԭأǰ֫ϵļצۡ
·ܵĿ⣬ɫ˫ңԶ׼ȷ׽ߡ
Ĳ˲æͷ
ֱˣͬʱҲǣǱ߾Բȥ
صѨȫʹʯͷϣСϵı͸źɫ
ȥϵʹ˿Ϊ˶ѪɺԺ󽫱ճƤϡ
һˮ뿪Ƥ⣬ͷζĺ顣
µıѾûˡ
ɫĹâŴأҪˡ
ʼٸʯϣָۺӣһȳһյȥΧ˼ϸ֦Ϊӹ̶¿ܶϵȡ
ﱾܶüȳ𡣡
﷭˷촽
ıסȡ
ܷȬֻܿԼ
ﶢŽ붴Ѩ
ЩɫͬʱľΧסڣҲ̫ȫֻʱҪĸʨӾ
µ̾ϢҪϿ˵ĵط


3
󣬸źʯڣ𣬶ӾȻû뿪֪⡣ȥժӣٸͶιʱŲƨɣһԶĵط
ж飬˵˼仰ԵһҹȥҲû뿪ǲˣûͬ㣿Ͼĸӷʳ
ͽŹӣûлӦĻ
˵ﲻȫҴҸطԸߣҪΪȡ֡
ӣûע⵽ȴץһԽ
󷽵ӸһЩ˵ҵͬˡ
ԺͽС塣
֣Ⱦ˺ɫ֭Һƣʰñҹĵط
塱󣬳С
ԶǰҵԱоη֮ģΪˣ෴ĵطȥұ֮
ҪһˮԴĵطҲ»̤һʳ⶯أˣվһ·
ͷŴ׳ɣ˯һҹжٳɹʡ
Ȼ㡣
ҡҡͷĸֻĤƳһˮ飬˵⼸ܻ꣬ˮˣˮԴܱҪܼʱҵʱסпܻˮ
塱ΪȶˣûϴʵʵߣǰժСҲԸɾˡ
һ˲䣬ʼڣΪʲôԭأҪҿԡ
ԶһޣۿɼǾ벻̫ҧҧֳǸȥ
ԭҹǴ޷ģǵ׺գȵķдĺУͣסһ¡
塱Уߴߴ˼ƳŵأСȸߡ
¹ƽƬͬûб߼ʵĲԭϣΪǰ·
Ѿҹˣ͸һ˿⣬©ļˣ裬쵽ˣͿ쵽ˣ
񾭽ţʶϵ˿תˣƬޣϵ·ʪָɡ
ڲϣڴһж¾֫ƣȫӿ
ôһ˯֮־Ƭޡ
֮ǰĵطˮԴҪһЩΧïֲܵϸϸȥмֻ⵶ïֲܵкˮ
塱ҲˣǶڲԭߣҪõö࣬ЪϢһȥˮ
ֻҸȫĵط˯һ
Ҳвٴʯ飬˰ƿˮҩʵһߵʯͷϡ
ͷ鿴¸߶ȣңϱʨ๷һģʲôãʹùȵĺǣ˿һαѪˣһֱòˣֻܽڵľ˯ʯͷϡ
塱ߣĺУҹ˾¡
ԺŵǺͺսʤ⣬˯ȥ
塱߽лüȫʣܸܵҵƤϣ֡
Ժһͷˣò˿ڶ񻯣ˡ
һ࣬Ӳҧ۾
ͷΣܸܵԲԭϮˣӦѾʮң塱ֹͣ˺С
Ŷͷһᡣ
ϵĲ΢һЩԭһЩʯͷݳһСʯݣǰ첻ˡ
ˮҩɻʯͷϣջذߵġ塱ӣҷˣܣκ£ȥΧҿûС֮ġ
½ϵĶ൱ڽֻ֣ʳ⶯ΪĶˣԻ˵ữΣʳݶһЩ˵ҲữΣɶԱڵ磬ЩʳݶҪǿϺܶࡣ
ֻӣܵ⣬ʵʵߣˣһֱڻ
Ծֻӣ˽ؽԼʳָӣȻʯͷϣȴʳꡣ
ҪҲͶӦģҲܸЩӻ
塱۾һᣬתʯȥ
˿
塱Ҳˣ׳Ϊʳߵû̫ԶĵطΧѲһͻˡ
ֿտա
ҲԤϵӰóѹɷһ
Զ֮࣬Ĵš
ϸϢʨӺͻܵͺΧ߸ӿֲв
ռݵʯͷ߷ŵĸԶһ㣬̵Ĳݴϸһˣʱ֣Ƕ˵ʳ⶯ԣ󲿷ӦöϢ
Իָͷ̾һ˦˦ԴʹԼһЩ
ʱ׼סȵʱ䣬ȥԶһĵطȥѰʳҲǾֻܻϢˣԻصʵϣԼ֫ȫȥ
ѯʡ塱ǴԭػǺһȥ塱գգ۾צԼȣʾ
ˣʱе㲻ģѱϡ
塱⺿һ
¶һЦݣȻ㲣ܸоһɳǰƣȫһǰѱϡ
һȳһԶߣоԼԽԽˡ
ѡ˺͡塱ղ෴ķֱʯͷϡ塰ӰԽԽСͣ£̫ԶΧûرԵıǣ̫ԶܻҲķ
ͣµλã൱޵ΧǰȻʣԶһѵˮԴʹʳݶƶǻͷѰʳ򽻾棬ûевһжԵúгȻ
侳ĸоеƴؿӯ
룬档
࿴ۣȥܼ׳ΪĿ꣬ȥͣͣһȺơ
ˣ򿪱Ӱȡˮƿóֱƾ˿ӣһενྻˮγ
ƬưСȸߣߵĴܵĲֵڣЩƶˣЩݰˣٹһ£ƻ᳤ʵ
뵽ƵĹʵĿзڳˮϣﰲȴƹʵɡ
ջ˲٣ŻԴҲЩ֮Ҫˣİ죬ɳе඼һ
ܿǣµ֦ʯͷȥ
űأܵİƿˮŵ塱ǰһƬƣƿԴˮ
Ҳܡ塱ܲöתͷȥѰ֦ľȡ⼸һֱԵѹɣȣûͷڵ˰ƿˮҪˮá
ľȡ˵ѣһֱڣĥûۣǿ֦άȼ
塱һμΧŻУڻ罥¡
ۼֿ쵲סָ£ƤСʹܿˡ
˱ĶƬԭоǻصʯʱûпסµʢˮߣź֪ڸȥѰܼõСʯͷ
쳹׺ҵһǳǳ۵Сʯ飬򵥲£浹һˮʯϡ
˻ˮʼڣϲɫҶڱԵȣˮȡ
ɹȡˮ⼸콹겻һ˿㡣
һᣬʯԵ˿ڣŵζˮӿǻüͬʱɬˮҲʾϣ
塱ƬԭԭסˮҪûôߣտˮȲ˴Ļ硣
һػѾܾúܾûڲԭϳֹˡ
ˮԴżϸ΢ܿͣЪŻûעΧž
ӨӨ̹ӲݴԼƯһۣ̹˷
ע⵽Щɫ飬ϳЩɫө棬Ҫ磬ȴηĳȡ
Ҫ½½ȥ֦һ죬Ϊ֦ڱնϵû̫⡣
Դ֦۳Σ̧ͷʱΧһųª׶
ڻĳȣУٺɫĻâӳŹܽƻ
ɼڵ䡣
һ̣


4
̶̵ʱ䣬ʨӺͻ
ߣԼʱơ
๷ʱȵУ巢ֽŽӲ
ǲԭϽƻײеʳߣȺΧĲݴӦŸ๷
ĵطһȻȦס
ǰĶ¼Ƭ๷ǲԭ޳ܵĶͬҲֲиĶ
ǻΧˣֱľȥ
Ϊ׵๷ŮӲݴ߳
ͬ޴󣬼¶־ԻɫƤëһƻ
ɤеɬķۡ
ۿҲƺڵķɬɿƳһ۱
ֻͼܿ챻๷Ů͸͵ͽһӲݴдֻܳ๷Χߣһֻҧסקߡ
ûе˺ק
񣬶˶ָԴҧء
֪๷˵Ҫʲô
๷Ůɫͫʶ
Ĵ󵨡
ߵߣԽԽѹȸü
๷Ůĸ߶ȵϣʳ⶯ζ̫ţᵽȳζ
ʵüѹס
࣬ǴϰͱȲԭı๷Ů߻һȦͳƵɤ
ƾ̶ȣôͷ๷ŮѾѾ״̬ˡ
״̬ԿѹסȺ๷
̲סص˵ȴѡ
๷ĹƺЦ
๷ŮȻͷŲ֪սȭͷ֡
๷ͷϵĵĦʹ̧֡
ŮԵƤϸ๷Ůߵˮ
ȺҪԶҪʤһٴ͡
๷Ůͽ˼๷ΧһΧȦ
ǲûаһɱ๷ŮǾζĻʱ֮ǵͼ
Լʵ๷ġ²
塱Ϊһȣûܵ๷˼࣬ȴ˼๷Ҫҧʱ塱ҵİУæҪ
ҵĻ顣
๷Źˡ塱ȴԳЦ
ԭʳ⶯µĴ˵һָӵġǵĶԲԭжﶼ׸飬ǳΪ
͵Ұޱ֮ģĽ֡
һֻ䵥ĴﱧСĶֻ鷳
塱ߣ۾ž֡
һֱڱһֻëϡ๷ıϣԭҹ¹գǿֱܷ淽򣬲ݵرҵĽŲȵ졣
๷ߵ·ʱķ
Ȼһֻȵ๷ת๷Ůߣҡŵʹβͣ๷ŮڴѶϢ
๷Ůͣ½ŲվԭԶ
Ѩǣң·ǻȥľ롣
๷Ů̬ڲ̫¹£ҲԳһصĸоǺºͼɵһԼԼĺ⡣
룬ԭ๷ɻĶֻбǸǿĶʨӻ֮ײж
ǸֻֻܽʨӴܵĸ
ǳ˽⣬ĸսǿӦҲһȺƻ๷ǰռʲôˡ
֮ԼİΣ
๷Ůվԭͣ˼ӣǵתһȦм๷Ľ䣬һ
ʣµ๷˷Ӧ๷ŮĽȵ๷ֻǰǰ
˼Щ׳Ϊռһ㣬ಽֻ๷м䣬ѸٷӦһѵȺ๷Ầһֻӻ̵ĸ
˼ת˼תĸ๷Ⱥ˳ͻôǰӳ
ߵĸĵʱ๷ȺСȻڵأȣΪ˸ӱ棬ָɿδϵ˿ڴݺݿһ£ĵǰһڡ
๷ûע⵽СΪڵأɱᷢһЩڰҹĤ
ֻ߽״๷ǳвĵͽС
ֱ๷Ůͷʹĺ˵ˣͲߡ
ɴСȴѪ䦳๷Ȼܿ˴Ѫ
Ǹ鷳Ĵ壬ǵĴܵô๷Ůԥҧͷ­Լء
๷ŮƽɭȻ¶棬סϸĲܽƻҵĸ̸ҵĵ
ܵϸϸĲѪ
ȷǲǹ·ϵռƬصĻ˿߰ײУΪ͸˿塣
ʵһ㡣вĻ๷Ůɿݡ
ͽ๷ΧѲһȦûзָ˿ټص๷Ůߣվš
ڸ˿һӣмΣգͷǲԭϵķӡ
סԼ˵ȣС˵ûˡ
ȻҲ֪ҪȥȻǸۡǽǳϿҵؽ
๷Ůߵ쵼λãֻͽ๷Դԣ¹Ի۾
ȻǼֻ๷仯ڼ˵ڹǽڹؽ춯󣬼ֻ๷Ρ
۾󣬴˵ڴ˵Լʱֻʣ𾪡
Ƭԭÿζˢ֪
û⣬⼸ֻε๷Ͷʮһ͵ȣҪֲڵĶ࣬Ҫʵļ¶Ըǲٻɫëͷ­ϡëݣݣһЩʡ
˫۾ϣ󣬻ûε๷ץסֱ۽๷ϵȳζûмθʡ
죬·ڵĿˮ
ʱļƻƣǲģԼε๷ǳҰȣֵһᡣ
Ѱʱζǳ๷Ⱥʧ˷򣬲ȻҲҹҵټسѨľ뻹ҪԽӡأ๷Ⱥ˵첻ˡ
๷ȥҲҪӦһЩüֵ
ƴУҲܾ⸽ʳ⶯Ǵ๷ûгɹѣᱻ˺Ƭ
Ȩף塱ȸ๷Ⱥ棬ⳡʵڻ
Ȼ๷Ⱥͣ½ŲԼһﴦճһӰֱ
๷ȺԴ๷ŮͷţζԸ˿
๷ŮͳȺܶ꣬ʮ㣬ͽ๷ȥ̽·
๷ĥĥ䣬Ůһǰһȥ̽·ǰһͷճĸʨͷĸʨǣϰͱȲԭϣҲΪ
һͷ˵Ĵʨԭϣ˵ʨܶ࣬ʨܽһֻ
ĸ׺ĸױȺֵܣȺУеĴʨĽȨʨռ졣ǵĸûعټãǰԭȺɱ¾ֻͷĸʨѡ
һֱˣûĲʳܣںʱȥ͵ϰͱȲԭϣܲá
๷ʱĴЩǣһֻ䵥ķʨȷʵֵǺ¡
๷Ǻ˼˦βͶ๷ż˺ҧĿڱ๷Ƶϡ
У๷Ĺҡ
ԽԽԶֻͽ๷עȫڴʨϣһ˫ɫע๷Ůλá
ҹУïܵĲݴԳΪأټͷʨĸţƬԭպķӷڲ๷ֵ¿ÿһķＡ̺
๷Ůǰ赲ϣ๷ԽݴԣĶ䷢һЩϸĲͬΪʱͷӲݴһԾǿڿлҧסʺ


5
޴צļϣ๷Ůƾܷأͻı๷ȺҲŮĹļֻ߽๷һ𷢶ƹ
๷ŮΪҧסʺԵö϶ƬԭžĲݴԾ𺿽ϣУֻɫ˫
Ŀȷץס๷Ů๷߳Ѫ๷ڶ࣬๷ӦӲͬ򹥻˺ҧڴȱһ¶ѪʱԸɿ๷Ůʺȥ๷
๷Ƥ񣬵๷ŮҲ˲СˣţŴ˻վճںѪڲϡ
һɫɫ÷ߵӰഩ๷Ⱥ֮䣬˴Ȼʶֻʵж¡
Դһֻ䵥ʨҲһȺ๷֮ղҧȵĹ๷Ӻҧס˺
๷ҽţǺűҧסʹķԵ
͵ļֻ๷ѻָμս
һֻͽ๷ֵ๷Ϊƴ
๷Χ๷ŮʱǿʹĹڵϥûرڵϵİ塱ͼߣϣһѪȵĶȥ
˵ܰյľ룬վźӾܣǰʶһֻۣ๷һֱŤƴţûб๷ҧĲӡ
˸󾱡
๷Ůʱûȥ׷˿ӲҧĲӣȻȺҲûֵˣȥʱ̫³Ѩ̳¡
๷Ů޺޿˺๷ƤƾĻδȺ뿪
ȷ๷Ӱӣľƣ̱ڵϴŴΪ˶ɤӻۣӱȡˮ˼ڡ
˽ʣڵϣ¹ɾŴء
ղŷһжӰ첻
ĬĬţ۽ǻ䣬һ̫Ϊʲôĵطȴء
۾ſԼ
һ΢ķɨӣȻԭΡ
ԼеɲԼС
մ๷Ⱥӳֶһ졣
ᣬŤͷԵġ塱ǲܻȥˣҪҸĵط
塱ͽһӦ
ϧҺòǶѻ𡣡
ĿڲԭϣԼһֻ׵ʳݶʳݶΪһֻȣҲ
Ż䦳ѪСȣΪʱԲУҲȫô
๷ץʱ˵˾ǴϰͱȲԭ϶๷Ⱥԣһô
˼Ʈֻϣ̶̼죬ѾüΣ⼸ġ桱۲쵽رԼ񲢲⣬Ľ棬ʱҵԼټɱ
Ϊ״̬
˵ģǿŶӿ϶ڲԭ˺ܳһʱ䣬ԽЩδſŶӵʧһֱʳ⶯ֻǹһֱûеõѱ
ͬĳЩŵ㡣
Щŵ㡱ء
һʱ΢΢ϲ⣬ȫԴӣͣ½ŲЪ˻ᣬ˸£⽫£˯ȥ
̫ƣˣʱΧһһ
̫ĸ߶ȴжһ£ӦѾˡ
½⼸죬һֱڲϼӾ磬Լûʳ⶯У˿ڸȾ
̫ɹͷͣԻһᣬӱóĪֳһţ¸˿ڻҩ
˿⼸ոճһĺֱ˺ˡ
塱һԣҲСϵ˿ڡ
ʰú̾ϢһӻĲס˵㶫ָǰС
ڲԭ˵ڡˡ߱ܺͶһᵽʳ⶯µıζܺܺõıܿȲڲԭϳưԣҲǰͼıԭķ
ǸûκƵֻ࣬ڲԭȥҵȥִķ
ϣҪΪһ
ͣͣ·ֻһЩСʳݶͼֻС
˺ԶԻԼû߳ء
һҹ٣ٵˣĿԣһŴ£ѵ
̶̼죬屻Ӧԭ¶ȣ¶ƤΪֱɹ淢췢̡ҹܵƤشϵ̰ʹ
ָĦ첲ϣܻ⣬⧲ɹɵƤŪһС顣
䶯ƣ򴽡
ֻһ׺ͼţп㣬̫ˣûϣôϣҲǷɹ
ضɹˣָҲҪܳһʱ䡣
۾˼һЩ飬Եġ塱ͻȻ쿪ĳϳһ
۾
ʶסϵĺӣͬʱվʰñһˡ
ٶԸЩĲݴԴжƺټֳڵķǰС
ߣҪԼС
һȳһգĺͬһȳһգĬг
ǸմݴԣͿһĻ
ԭؿһᣬ̧׷ȥûʹȫı׾׷
β˦˦ǰ
塱ȱŪϣֺ־£̫ض
˫ֳŵĺ
Ƕԭأɫ
һ࣬ûŵĺɫδ֪壬вΪ0
ǷѾΪɱ߳Ե
õģҲ㣬ҲҸøϿЩ˵Ҳ챰ӵĹȥĳѨ
ʨӿ˵ֶ˶
׾˼ĥѾܶԶ˵᲻
ͷʨɵģϤټҡβͲȱһΣǰмεëצӡճ⡣üɵҧϡ塱ȵʨӡ
塱ʨ¶һı飬΢ţĹ£׵ӳŹ⡣
ʹԵ쳣ɵ
ʨӶԶԼ˲١
ʨ׹塱ָֻͷ򣬽צֵ֡
ƻ̰ĺӣֻǡǵܲм
һᣬأѵ㲻̰ɼǵֻʨӱ׷Ķӡ
֪ĵϸش
ҵѪͳϰͱȲԭӴʨȺʨȺֻǲͻ˿սǼһǸӣԭķӣ˭һӾ
һͷĻһĺҧϡĵ˵
ͬʱͷ߸𣬿Ϊ߹󡱵ѪͳԺ


6
ͷϲʨӡ
ȷˡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôֻʨĪǰ˵Щ֣ദһᣬûϸܵ๷ʱӵĿ־С
ֻԭи˿
ĸʨ˵ǸӣãҲضá
Ҳ˽ԭϵʨȺǱʲô㲻˺ңҹȥֻһ֣֮ջص
Ƕס°һ̶̵İɫë˶
ѵĻû̬
Ƿ·Żع񣬡ҲҲҸȥת˸Ȧվչʾǿ׳
һͷĸʨߵﶼܻӭ͵ƭԼĺܺá
Կ䣬ʨȺĸʨûֻܱȵ͡
ĸʨȻһ֦ϵʡ
Ǹ⣬б۹۲
ֻĺǱʳ⶯
ҡҡͷʾԼΪ塱ӱĵطƹȥ
ûдﵽԤϵЧ
ӰԽԽԶʱ̧׷ȥ
Ǹੲݣ㲻ңҿһͷǿ׳ʨӡ
ȺͺոɵģˣҰģʲôĸõĶܳ¶ǡ
ͷǰߣûд
ΪǸûཻ֣ҽǣأ
ĳĬûֹͣ
Ƥ񣬶һҪ
Ҫȥ˵ʵ˿Ǹӣغܴ󣬳㲻ͣЪϰ£Ҳ߳ء
ĸʨĻ˷ӦбһۣûΪʲôһֱڻء
̧Ľצڰա
˵˵ѪͳԱ
£ʨȺ
úʨȺһ𣬻㻳ˣҪԽʨ
¹濴˿ǵĸƽ̹΢ģҪٲӡ
Щ˽СʱĶ磬ͻȻ뵽ʲôĿĸʨĸ¡
èƶｫҪʱ顢顢ͷɡ
ﱻӰסҲƬԭʳ⶯ﶼԽΣǼֻ๷жϣǼֻ๷ƵϳªɷϣҲΡ
ղŵΪʹͥ¶ű˵زʲô
ջߣԼ
ҲûҪֻʨӣԱһ£ԼƵһ
ϣֻʨӴȥ
Ŀ⣬תתë׵Ķ䡣
Ͳʵ˼ʱһࡣ
ǵͷһν˵ǵģǵģԱʨȺ֪ûһͷʨӻԶһȺ뿪˱ʨȺ齨һʨȺ
ȱߵġ塱ͣſŻѻƪǡ
Щ٣вԾĵط
һֻĸʨҪ齨һʨȺ
̫˼顣
ĿͶƬããԭ̾Ϣһ
ûӹǵĻǰߡ
ڲףСȤ
һ࣬ѵΪԼѰһ
˵Ļȷʵ˲١
ϰͱȴ½һͷ˵ĸʨҲҪǿĶࡣ
Ѿ׳֦ʶȤӦøߡ
о仰ģҪ齨һԼȺ
ǻ۵࣬ĺð֡
ԭأ˶ë׷ȥ
ǣһһһʨ̤ǰ֪ȥ
ੲݵʨһ·СߵСǴӶ̽ͷ˯쿴ϡ
λƣһ㱡ķθһڱĴбѡ
ͣͣ۶ڵצӵǣҲеˣͦʱûп˵
ǣֻĸʨһֱߡ
벻ͨһʱԱɱ࣬ʲôһֻʨͬ飿
ϯضӱȡѹɣ塱һС飬Լٳһڡ
ǻڵϣͷ­ɫʳ
ûҪָ˼ܿˡ
ʲôܳڣ죬ʳźܸɣһóԡ
ʱ׽һֻԡǿʼŴ󻰡
⼸˳ѹɾժЩСӳԣ뵽Ѫܵİ⣬θӿһġ
Ƭԭĸܾʳݶԣ׽һֻ߱СͶ￾ԣʱǹء
Լ԰ɡšˮһڡ
ҵȻװʯͷԭˣϧˡ
ǰ֫չûңȥģ
ϥǣͷصҸˮԴĵط
һӴӵΧȦë׼ʵβͲȣ֪ˮԴ߰ɡ
վ£ɣ᲻ҴȥʨȺ
Ϊá
ҲĸʨЩֻΪƭļı๷ĸˡ
ɿӱǸɫŽ䱸
ǷڵĥצӣмɽѾӱʨȺˣҪԼ齨һʨȺ
ΪʲôҪ뿪ʨȺֲǹʨӡ
塱ͻȻıͷǺС
ǵ¼ϰͱȴ½ܡ
ӸҳЦǵͺһһԾҪǵļͷֻһצ
ӵȻû̶ָȴۿۣ˫ʵϣЩɥצ¡
ֹ˵㲻˺
ⲽû֡
Դ࣬ϲκԭ򡣡
ҵѪͳԱʨȺҲʨȺﳤҸҸĸֵܽһ𡣡˵ûô졣
ҳˣҪҵļ塣ǱϢҪ齨һȱΰʨȺ
ĺóץһЩûҪص㣬ǴУΪʲôҪ齨һȱǿʨȺ
ʣĸĸֵܽأ
ǴԴ޴צӲŪһų̫ߵĲݡ
ָ׻ҶӣĻ˵ǶȥңԶĵط
̫ѳɢ
һһһʨ׷׳Ĭ
ϣ۾ÿ춼ĳ
ǱʨȺɵ𡣡
̧ͷɫ涢
ҪԽʨȺǱ𡣡
룬бĶɱһСʨȺᱻϾɱֻһ

ǵһͷ
˵Ҫ齨һȱǿʨȺ⿿ǲܳɹġ
챻ʨȺ׷ɱ¾ĳĿʵܺ¡
ÿһڲԭϣں¶ء
ܵ˿أĹӲд
ֻҪƸ˿ǼֻСԶԶģʱ
űʨȺͷɹƭǴԼ
ڣʵ뱨
ס
˵ߣҪҰ㣿

ֻúûţȻҵؼҵġ·


7
ӭĳǰߡ
Ƕԭأһ
˭Ҳ˿ʲôûȤ̽
深Уǲԭķ򣬶̶̼죬ҲҪס
һ컻һϢĵص㣬ȫƾǹ;֡
;еıֻ
ûôҪ߳أҪ뻨Զ㡣
û̫ܵвܿһѡӦ๷ʨӵ̤룬ʱڣӦòٿֻˡ
ԣ¶ģҪߵԽԶԽá
ڹһ£๷ش׷һҪٱ³ɺ޵ģ֤๷᲻ҧĸ첲ȡ
Ҳֻͼ๷ڻĿԴһЩ
̫εˮûнȡϡ
⼸ĻϯأҵһˮԴĵطϴһ衣
Ҳֻ
ȪˮڱҲԭȶڷůˮȫ
ԭ˳ѹɾǳһЩҰӡ
ҰҲǺܶ࣬ʱҪײ
ǳߣ״϶Ҫ䵰֮ġ
Ȼϵ˿һ˺ѣϻǳ
ꤵģŵ棬ľš
ʳ⶯˵ЩʳݻߺСĶ²˵Ҳеǣš
ӷУȻҪؼҡ뽡ȫûȥ
΢ñ¶ӣͷߵġ塱˵ãһЩ𣿡
ĶҳԣҲȷԼܲ׽ǲԭӦûм֮ģԼ˵ڽܷΧڡ
塱ദԽԽ׽ͷ۾գţڳ˼˫ߣƷеơ
⣬𣿡
塱ͷ
ˣһһ˵
ϲĩӻаȫвû̫ʱòҵһһ˸ߵĴʯ飬
ûˮԴȡȪˮϴ˿ڣҩ
ԭ׼Щ֦ѻ£ǷˣԴԲ˵컹Ҫ·Ҳߡ
űɹʯͷű
⼸춼ͻ¼񾭽ţһ㶯ľ
ݴ಻ֱ۾
ͷǵʨӦòٸ
һ˲伦Ƥð
ŵű͡塱ҪϿ뿪
ͻȻͣˣʶסһֻ̧ǰצ¶棬űڿš
龪һ
ַ̧סʯͷҡͷЦ
ֻܿſȥڲݴδܡ
˾֮񣬸մ๷ȺӳҪӰˣһĶëֱ
ºϮ̫ˣ߷Χ齹
ΪʲôֻļС
δҵһʺϢĵطʳ⶯ʨӡ
һͷʨ͸һܿӴŨܵëӭչһâݣβ𣬺ڵϵ˼£Һڲϡ
ע⵽ûм꣬ԵúܵڲϣоԼϡ
ӿ죬š
ֱù͸
԰գ֪ʹڻĸ
ԴصľһͬʣͷʨӦûɵһ㡣
Ҫһ͵˵ܣ
塱ţڲݴҴܡ
ʨάȤ׷˵ٶάţ첻˶١
ԭʨ̬һ๷ؽеھʹ˷
ʨŪһֻһеʡ
޴צȣܵ泯˵ڲϡ
ݵطֵ˵ȥĳˤĲ̫ۡ
塱ϣˤʨ˦βͷᡣ
塱ˣץһ֦ҡμС
ά˸ûһצӾĴ̶Ľڶ˺ŨȤ
һ࣬һԡ
¶ĸ첲ȣ£˺֣Ƥϸ۹⻬ޱȡ
ΪſĶ¶һϸ۵ϸ֫
ά˵ͷŻȵͷţԭء
˵ûƤζά˵ͳڶϾ
ëɨϣΪʲôڸ˿أ
˿ʲôô
࣬Ӧѡɿǿߡά˴ӱһĶ䡣
ֻʨ٬Ϊе졣
ƳŵţԼԵȻ
մ˲м볾άһǵˡ
ά˷⼸ʨͨЩ
Ϊ˵õ˳ӣά˾ŷᡣ
׳ŵֱάˣԷһֻӢʨΪëŨܣ۽ܹˣһİ̺ۡ
ʿˮѱһ濿ؿڣʨѵĿ⣬˳ЩصС
ղʨ˵ļ仰̵ѶϢϵ๷޸ͷʨӣ˿س࣬ʨУ˿ܲӦú͸˿йͻ
ʹ๷Ŀɶ񣬹޳˿ƻ๷ڸ׶Ķǰ˿سࡣ
ǰикٻһ˲¶˾ģλʨȻ֪ڸ˿أ˵ҺĹϵܺãǡ
˵飬ά˴ѵԼ׳֫һģǰ¡
»άüͷɳڵ۲Ƥ֡
ά˿Ϲޣʨ๷ڻУֻǹΪԭ๷Ⱥ죬ά˲ȥɱ
ͷ๷ӶѪ΢ǫѷظ˿سһ࣬ͳԱҪ๷Ⱥ˿ǣҧһֻ๷
ǸϸۣƤҶӻҪ⻬
һ仰úöԴάѰ࣬˳ܽ˿òˡ
˿ǰ£
ά˺һԲܡ
˿ˣôܺһΪ£ûиߣûζ
ά˽˵ڵϣȺͨͨˣƭң
Ӷڷסֻ۸Сûƭ㣬˿ǿԭ;
άŭգûעֲһγõݺݴĸ
ά˵֫飬վȡ
ͬʱǵĺվڶһʯϣ˿ˣ¡
ԻûӸղŵľѹǵĻԶ£ͷһԾάˡ
һ̣еǰδеİġ
ά˱֫û⵼ӦԸ˿Ĺ˵ز˾ά˽˿˦ǳĲʨȺķȥ
ڣͷֻ׵ľ롣
ĸĲ湴ճһ׼ͣǻûж׸⡣
˿ϵĻƺرһֻչĺ
ûΪβʹ߹򴽣С˵˾䣬лл
ŲһͣͻȻһȻܿ

ʵ˿Ǻˡ


8
ȸ˿ıӰһСԲ㣬ǲŸҴʯͷܵߡ
Ҳྪδά˶ˣǼһȹ޸Ѳ
סؿڣƽſڣΪʲôУάʲôͷ
ֱ׳˵ʵһֱں㣬ܳٶֲۣңֲάˡ
άҵʱҷˣ˸˿Ȼһͷʨ˵ȷʵеѣֻܽ

лɣͷβǶֻʯͷվš
Ҿ㣬ƣҵβͲ㱻˿ҧһء
Ŀǲȱβϣļʹ˼Ϣ˵лл
ϣЩڡ
һһէԣ˵άˣһ͸˿֮ĳ˹ӵԴͷ
˿ͱĸ׸ϳض֮ʨȺʨά̣ҧһţԼҲûȫˣ˺صˡ
˿ĸ׻ڲԭϺӵһƬأ̵Ĵʺܸߣÿһ̥ĴŮܵá
ά˺Ҳ˿ʹʨȺȥĸ׻أѻҧˣ˻̡
ά˺ܼǳҲ˿ֻҪϻ׷˺ҧǶʱ䣬ʨȺŷɥ
˿򲻹ʨȺϲάˣֱһǰ˿Ĵ̴ά˵أҪȥĺӰά˷ҧˡ
˿ȲĴ㣬̸ֻֻܰˡ
˭Ҳ֪˿ôʨȺеʨ̸ҧˣȫϸߵϣά˵ֻվ¿ʬΪ͵ʳ
ҡҡͷΪֳеľԺ󣬲ԭϵĶﶼƸ˿Ϊӡ
ʨȺ֮ĳޣԽԽ
άģţһҧ˿ͷ­
ʵҲ֣˿ôţڻܻĺúõġ
ǺʨȺ˳̴ֻ޴๷Ⱥҧһֻ̣ͰѹŮ׵ҧˣ׵ˣκζҲˡ
ĸ๷ʹ࣬ͨΪ˲˳ǵĵһ̴ֻ󲿷ֻڲбʹˣ˳»ẉ̂˴Ӱ࣬˿ҧˣάһ޸˿ǡ
Ϲû㣬ҲûиŮ𣬴򲻹˿϶ȥάǰ˵ʲô
Ҳ⣬Ͼ˿أڸ˿ζơ
˿¼
ʨȺҴֱ̫ˣǻ˿ʵǺֲܿ
뵽һ⣬ŵؿĿİͰʣ˿ʲôʱģû˵ʲô
ǳ˵Ŀ϶˵İ£˵¸ǿҪ
ָץסһѲݣ߾˵ˡȻˡ
ǲΪȻģ˿ֻأɱάˡ
˵Ļֲһ䣬㶼⡣
ԭΪĴڶ̬ٳ˿öΣ仰Ҳû˵
塱ԭ·ܻСܿǣסȣҲܺ£ļڵϻһᣬվлл㣬Ҫˡ
ûǸãҪȥ
ĬһᣬϢ˵ĺֻؼңģûȤҲû
̤ɵĲµͷ֪֪
Լôҵؼҵ·
֪ܾǰϰͱȲԭ඼ûҵؼҵ·
ЩдƤϵĴ˵ͷʨӡ
ǵ֮ط꣬ΪǵؼҵϣţԸôһط½ִ
Լǡ
Ƕס
ܾ
ãпؼҵ·֪ң
ɿ³֣֪
ǲ⣬һ޵ϣôҪ
óҪȥֲ
ǷԸҰɣܳԵ⣬ҿԴˮԴҲ԰ҡ·
ԭû죬˹ǡԭϵϢĺܿ죬Ź˶ã๷ԭҰȮȺ쵼ģȺаֻԱбʨȺʨȺ
ԭϵˮԴһõĶЩȺ᲻ϣ㡣
ͣ¡
᣿
ʵһֱʣΪʲô๷ȺҪң㣬ҲҪҸ㡣
ҼûвҲûо˵
Ҵߣֻۡ
ĺܳϿңȷʵЩɻҲͷܾá
ԴЩҪ𡣡
ܾǰ½ϵҲÿ˶Щ
½ϵȺܶ࣬ÿȺԼĽʽϣ̻ԣͬȺ֮Խ
Ҳչ˳Ѩе̣չ˵ĺܺãĥʹùߡ
ܽΣǻۺͶֵȲ࣬ûеȵȫѧഫڵĶѾˡ
Ҳ֪˶꣬Ҹĸ˵ģҸĸĸ˵ģһֵʱ򣬿϶Ǻܾúܾǰˡ
ΪʱƣΪ汲УѾˡ
ĳʹ˵棬ЩʲôǴ˵֤ߣصϢ
·ӵ˲ԭıء
Цʲô
ļֵ̫š
бס
ڣ๷֮ʳ⶯һ˾ǰ߸ġԣӦʱᱻҧԵ
ڣϣģȻأ˳ҵؼҡ·̣ƽġ
ȡȱ飬׽иκһԭϵĶ
Щǰͷʨӡ
СɳɧţǶϡ
ҽ飬ԡͷ˵ĸʨӡ
ҾҪȥͶ˿
ǻûļˣͿˣʲô
ԭ̫ˣǵĻǳÿζ֤Ӹʳ⶯צӳ
άʨͼԣɵϣʨóѵĻ»Ϊһš
̫ˡ
ʨӶ£һֻֻӦû࣬ҿ԰æչ̣˵ģܻչ̡
ǵԴ˲ͷά˸ɵ
˵뷨̫Цˣ˿ǸӣҲҵһҧĺ
Ȼ֣ԡ
ڲԭĿĵߣ£ȥֺø˿ʱõıӻ
ܰЩˡ
Ҳǿȥɵġ˵塱Դ㣬ҪǺ»ھ뿪ɡ
塱β͹סĸˣʾԸߡ
˿뿪ķ׷ȥһͣ½Ų
׷ĺܿ죬ͺӶǲС鲽ҿһ£Ȼǻˣҿȥ
˿ûʨӵã·һЩɣľԣи˿µζǡ
˿ŲһʯѨУʯͷϣ໥šߣǰ֫ء
ʨǵӰڸߴĺԡ
˿ͽмҧҧ̵Ķ䣬ֻʯͷȥʯѨС
˿ʯͷףĸʨΪʲôҪùͷ
ѹӴڲݴУݻƵĲݴԳõȻء
˿Ƣԣǰ˼ͣצıӳ鶯ţᵽΣա
˿ǰ棬Լȥɡ˵꣬ǼҴܿˡ
ˣ˿վԭأ΢βʹڴֲڵĲҶϣһǵıӰŰĿŲɵվŵϡ
ڸ˿ļУʨӣ๷඼֮
̽ų
ѹȸкǿ˫ʱͷð麹
ڣи˿ҽһࡣЦ
˿վԭزҲ˵ֻ
ѣһʧ
˵ֻ̣ҿ԰չǣܰĲԣֻҪҸߡԽԽС
סƯĺɫοŸ˿
˿ĸоͬأ๷壬ά
ûеõҪĻӦ
˿תˡ
ס׷ȥǶʲôҶѧϰı䡣
˿ߵĺ׷ȥС˻ë׵β͡
̶ס
˿бһۣչ̣Ҫҵİ¡
˿ں˵ܷʣ
ڳ
һĨյĺ⳹ʣ˺ϼ
ûҪµ˼
ʨάץסңû취Ҳ˵ġ
Ҳ࣬㲻Ӧҡ˿ʧȥ˺˵Ȥ˶βͣ
Īģ˵ллʱ˿һòᣬ˿ʵġ
ıӰ߻ϣҲˣɥվԭأ塱ӹľʧŸ˿ֱۡ
ڲԭϼôãΪ˿һ仰ˣȴŻᣬ˿Ķܶ࣬Ҫġ
ûд󵨵Ҫȥ̲ĵطˣΧҸʱϢĵط
һߴĽϻѡ
ϣǺ٣۾ϣԭˮ١
ϻÿ궼ĺܸߴ󣬸˿ʯϣΪڰеߡ
ֻȳֻС˿ߣԴŸ˿ĺȣ˿˯
˿˶ſԲԲԴȥźٺҪȥˡ
¸˿βͣҪһֻŵࡣ
˿¿գá
ʯңûڲԭΣյĺҹС
ڽϻ˯ĺ죬߸ܼҶһɡΪס˳ҵ⡣
Ҳſ촭ͷɢȡ
ԺΣμԼ๷ҧгЩ๷˺ҧ壬վԱʲôˣѪ˺ѿᵽѪȵζ
Ũ
еѣŬ๷ҵ˼ӲĶʹӣѡ
ʹкԺס첲⣬ӦĿĹâ
ղӦǻײɡ
ʼվѪζƲɢ
۾ĴţͷһֻƶǵѪûɣӲ֫ĿӻµճѪ
һվ
塱˯ҲĶŰŪѡ
ֻ͸塱Żûȣһֱˡ
ֻСӡ
մͱðܳֱһ
էѪĳ棬տյθֱ鴤
ɤðˮ
ʼٸߣǣ
Ǻ£Ͳӣʾϵ׽Եġ
ץס֮ץס
峿˲پһֻСͷСֻ̣ѶƤĶͿգһû͵ߡ
⣬Գԡ
ûвǳǸɰͰ͵Ķôǿ׳
Ѿ׽Щ֮ԣ֣ûڿǷΧڣ塱˵ļɣʵ֪϶׽ǵѶҪһЩ׽ѣˡ
ֶ̡
õﲻ޵

ǵӡ⼸췢ı䣬ǣٽˡ
ûȥͶ˿ͷҲ顣
ִڶͷϣڽſ˿˿ʯģûڡ
ѹǸܵ
ֱ𲱾
㱻ƶƤ׽Сһԣ࿴Ҳû
˦˦βͣ£վߵȥͷᣬûиζ
Ȼվԭأ΢ŴɫСƳۡ
ΪʲôԣϲֻʣҺϲʬ塣
ܣ׽ɣͶɹҲҪ
һƨߣѹˡ塱βͣУǲŲ鲻ԸŲƨɣŹֻ
ԸȻ˿ܾ㣬룬ÿ±飬ҽͬС
֪
ĸʨøĸ֣ͨǸʺ
ֱһͨһֱ⸽
ȷʵȤԼ˿ҺϤҿֲҡ
Ҫһֱȸ˿𡣡
ȥ͡˵㡣ϲڿ˿˭ֻǰ׷Ǳ
˵ĻĿǰȷʵǲԭ϶ûκͼĶˡ
ֻܾһΣһԴأңֻʱ⡣

ĸ๷мٶĲǵ̷ʽʹġ


9
Ϊԭ¹żڴߣʹԷֳĮᷳǳ档
벻ͨΪʲô˿ܵġ
ԭϵСӺܶ࣬ӰǣԴΧһȺ˦ӣЩķɳ档
ȷʵִܹҪһֱ£Ÿ˿ͬߣ
ϣҪȥʳˮԴֻǺ֣˿ĵطûӰҲûֻ̡
˲õĲ룬ѵ˿ȥ˱ĵط
Ϊ˶㿪
Ǹ͵ǵģ˿ѾȥµĶѨˣΪиִܹоšβģͬʱбɫ
ȻţɽĴ͹գ֤ʵ١
ͷ˲ֱۣ߰ɡ
˿ֻ̣ߣҿɲͬû̡
һֻ롰ߡĸʨûбڵջ
ȥȷ°ɣ˿ǲǴ뿪ˡ
Ĵűֻȥ˿ڵλãǵǰ̫嶯˿ȥˣͻȻȥẉ̂ңֻСһ˿״
õİ취ǵȡ˦˦β͡
Щ˿ֻѡǡ
ϻɹ˵ֱ۵õ⣬ǵĻȵšû˿򻨱̵ӰǻȥѰǡ
СȫǵĶвĸ޲뿪̫ʱ䣬û˿ȥ
δҵʱڸѰʳһõĶľԱȽ϶࣬ҰϲǲϲڶѨ
ԭʳ⶯ΪһֱڽţʳݶͬЩӷΣϢڣһ׺롣
ľܼӵһ֦˲ӣһӡ
סӣտջصϻ£ǲţ΢΢ۿ˿
ǸʳȥԣϢ
ȿˮʣϵĺӡûڵۡ
ЩСӶûС̾
βСɳ棬ϵĺӡĲôˣġ
û⣬Ǳ֦ģղ˼ֻӣֻʱȵ֦
ϲ𣿡
ҲԡԭϵҲ̫ˣҸ׷
һ㣬û˿Ӱ֮С
뿪ϻ£ȥˡ
塱ڵϣֿŲŵСӷš
ǿ۵ʯңʧһš
һֻӻˡ
õ°벿
ӵѪȾƤëҲûȥڲݵʱմҳ
⣬ζͷеСˡͷ͵Ѫ
Ҳǽ飬ֻǱһѪһػҳ⡭
ɤðˮԼ԰ɣ׽ﲻס
ֱܾǵλε£ͻȻС
Ӧ죬Ͽ㿪
ԭˮԴңܰϧϵ·лҳⲻˣϣ·ҪѪͼ·մѪϴ˵ζ
㡣ˡ
Ǽģͦġ
ŭʳŭԱȣһֻǰ̧֫ӣܹʲôв
צӰ¶䣬⡣
εԼ׽ġ
˹ִǿ
ǲ޵Ŀ㲻ǿ׳
塱׽ŴӲҵ棬ֱ쳤ק°ص⡣
ƲϺӣӸҶŻֻɰٵĺӡ
塱һ§ס
ԳΪ˶ϳԺʳԽϸı
Ŀ棬оһצӱĶϡ
̫ˡ
ǿʳĲԭϣһͷ
˵Ļмֵڲԭϣǿ׳ζӴ
˸һȥԲԡ
ͲԭϵĶﲻһʣͽܵĽͬѾڸı˼룬ŬӦԭһС
ŽµĲݴ˿ͣʯϣ˶ѨµĶͷտҲ
ˡ
ʯѧŸ˿Զ
ܿԶʳӵĽ͵硣
ҲܿǿߴĽϻ
Ƕչֳʮģƶ˿Բ
һδڣһĻġ
ʨӵ򵼴ٱ֮ǰֻСߵԲʮڣֻ󶼿
һ̶ϣҲΪһЩδ֪˺
Ҳлܲ׽ֻԳԲ壬ǵĿ̫ӴЩΪĶ֮ǰܵһɶ
Ǿľ·ѰŸ˿ζһУһֻԵȺͶӵĳ硣
˸˿ζС
ҰȮͣⴭֵͷڵᣬ⻹ʡ
ע⵽ɢѪʹ򶷺ۼ˲õԤУ˿ҰȮˣ
Ӧûǵ۾Ѳһҧŵ³ȥ
Ǽ©ߡ
ͷͳԣһȦȱ߳ȥȦƽ̹Ĳݵأһࡣ
˸˿Ӱ
˿һֻƯصĻϣΪôԶһ۾ϳ
˿ţֻСͷԹԸŸ˿
۾ɬҲûп̵ֻӰ
ˣ
û뵽Լð뷨Ӧ顣
ʧȥܹĸĵġ
˿ӦҲ۰ֻ̡
û̧׷ȥվԭء
˿ھҵĲԭӵһأľԺܸߣתͷͿղߺҰȮȺĵĴ⣬վһࡣ
ԭֻһࡣ
˿ͣ²ǸĿƺһЩĸ顣

֪ͣ¶ãõٺʣ˿Ϊʲôˣ
Ҳ˳Ÿ˿߿ȥ̫С̫һģʲôҲ塣
Ȼڴ׷ʸ˿ǿ𣬿ˣ
˿ƿߣǡ
˵ˣûչ˺
ĿУ˿ܵġ
˿ôһҵġǸɵСߴߴΧŸ˿ת
˿ҧסĺ󲱾·
Ҫҵȫĵص㣬ֻ̲
ȻȥѰҿ
ǰڵʱ·ʱ˵ٳݸ˿ϲģ˿˵Ҳѧ
ûпڣرġ
ҧס󲱾ҲʵŬֻͣצ֧ţ˿ʲôٲ²ʲô
Ϊ˿ɵԣȻ̥ͬҲһ̣Ǿرɡ
ڵϵľ˿ˡ
ССԲԲԴף֪֪Ұã֪ˮţʲô

[]


10
ͺٱһ̻ӵ¡
ȥҧ棬֪˿Ҫȥҿ
ߣ¸˵һᱣ
˿ٵͷ㡣
˿£ڴдȥɿ죬ӲССӡֻСҪȥ˿
˿ҪȥҿԹԵ
㰲뿭ˡ
ֻС£ϵķӹ
׽磬©ʣ᲻ҧҪߣ⿨ǰצ֮䣬ʹ·Եúܻ
ҵߴߡ
Ҹղſ˿ˡͣһ£䣬ֻ̡
ӦŸ˿ζģܿ˿֡
ʶص㣬ֻ̣
ֻ
뵽ᵽҰȮζɿĵ粱ӡ
ѵǺҰȮȺɵģǲ²⣬Ϊӡ
ά˸ɵģάҵˣܻ
ҿͦĵġ˵
ûкƤ׷ȥڸʧȥһ̵ֻĸ˵ûж⣬Ҳĸ޽Ž䱸
ͷδʨӣûеĸףԴ̵̬ȺͿһֻʳû᲻ʧȥ̵ıˡ
ڲԭ̺棬ÿʱÿ̶жԸⷽʽȥ
ۿ˿̽Ƭ֣ѯǷҪȥʱҡҡͷ˿һϣҡ
ҲҪҴıɿˡ
ҪõһЩʳѹû٣һֱʡųԣԵ׽ˡ
뱣֤ڲҪ
ͦٸڸ˿ƨɺͷ±մȾѪƬطϤ˵Ҫãã
濴м𣿡
µá
ֵֹģҪ׽
ǻɣֻ˵˿׽׽С
һ԰ɡ
Ǵת˵ȥһƬܼĹľԣ߲˾ϡĲݳڱٳֵء
վھΧԾԶ֣֮ҶЩ
ϲطѡ
󼦺ܴȻϣǵסһЩߡ
ҲСǿʨ๷Ұһ㲻׽ǣȻ࣬ǵĲࡣ
ף·סϾԺǿӱóֱϡ
СȦ󼦶źԴצ̧С۾ڸࡣ
ǺֱԱ߿󼦲ˣӵȥл
иȥĿӣ󼦹˲óѨеѣ׷չ߷ɡ
ѹʨӶ˵ץȷʵǡ
󼦵һëûɵط
ûץ󼦱ϣܼ񵽼ͺܺˡ
Сһߣܴż졣
ȥ塱ȻҲŽȥָԼ֪Ҽ
ǲ̫ȵԵʣ󼦵ĵû̫࣬߸СڱУ·ס
塱Ҳһҧ˿ǳԵҺ
һʮԼˡ
ҵʳ˷ܼϡ
˫ų΢΢һ˿Ц⣬ʹ
춼û⼸ŵܸ֪ɵľͷ
еԣܺò͸
˼ŵܿ𣿡
ͷȻġ
û׽󼦣Բ⣬ǼҲܲ壬һ״š
´ݵ壬ݰͰ͵ģʳС
컹ûڣǸϿȥˮԴżԾԾԣҵˮԴȻˮ󵰡
ƽƽˮ󵰣Ҳ˵ˮ
塱·׽ЩСӣûܳԵʳ£ÿѹɳԵ﷢ɬ
ǰצֱ֪ߴ幫ĵطˮԴ
幫˵ʲôȥҪˡ
ˮ󵰣ҹĻȫʱϵ˵ˮԴ
һСˮӣܱ߳ЩܼҰݣϡϡż
֮ǰˮԴҪᡣ
ǲͷСˮˮ
ˮԲԭϵĶҪͺˮԴ㣬ңҵСˮҲʵס
Ȼ
Сˮûôྺߣ԰Ĵš
˿ʣڵë°ʪµˮ
Ъ˻ᣬվĴ֦
塱Ҳæ֦
ϴõĵάʱ˳˵ڱĿڴˡ
ںƣʼľȡϡϡ䣬һ㱡ǳƮʱʱڵ
⣬Ħ֦
ֹͣë۾ɴĲ
Ǹʲô
ش𣬡ľȡ󼦵ԣҪõˮͻ𡣡
ϴȡ˺ܳʱ䣬һ㾭顣
ŬΪַܶǿһ۵Ļţë
¹£ˣڸһ֦Ͼ
ͷŵأ˯
ƱҪڽԵˮ󵰣Ŭ˺ܾã塱ҲˣߣԴ
ԭҹ֤Ķ
һٹĵطڽһɱ¾
ҰȮȺ쿨죬ͷ洭ŴǶѻѪĭɫҵƤëȾһشصѪ
ԱҲ˲̶ͬȵˣΪ죬ܵ
˿ѪҰȮ˺һСƤ⣬ⷭѪܵģϣ봹Դɫ˫ſ֡
ҰȮϵĻͽС
˿¶ȮݣϴӺзͳĺ
˿ҰȮĵطʳ⶯ﾭȥԵĵص㣬幫Ǹ˿ء
ʨȺĸʨǺ׽һͷĸδӱѪˮ֫żŬŵ
Լõ˹ҧסʺ
ʨȺ˵һٴ͡
ҰȮķ磬ԼԼĸʨĶУΪ׽ķѲſһԴ֧ǰ֫£죬ѭҰȮķ
ά֫صʨȺᵽϸӵζ
ȵʨȺģ˹ĸά˽ıֲ̫ãø˿Ǳɱ̣ȿʼά˻ʲʺʨȺ
Ҳά˿е֪˿سһࡣ
ҰȮڵķλǸ˿ء
˿ߵߣβͺβͽ֯һ𣬡ҰȮȺ
Ϊ𣿡
ȵʨأ˵޸˿ܣҲᵽ˲ѰϢ
ȵľòҪϽȥ
ϴҰȮȺ˿ûʤ㣬ǿִġ
ȺһһȺӲåûӮ
Ȳùǡȷ
ͬʱֻˡ

ˡº[]


11
óٰΧΧҰȮ˺ҧϷŪһϣԱߵǰצϣͽС
ҰȮ๷ȣڲҪŽһЩֵż¿ּ˺ҧѪ
֮ǰû͸˿ͻȺһʮֻڲԭϵҰȮȺУҰȮȺȮٵġ
ռûκƣ๷ʨ𣬿ֱȺεڻʨ๷ȣ߸ղ׽ʳ⶯
ֲӲӲ
ϲԶ䵥ʨӻ߻ԱʳҺ
ҰȮȺΪԭϵĺ档
ֲΪܡ
ۺûֻҪ嵽С
û˿أͬǵ˿ڲԭϵǺòȥ
һûв顣
ǹ޸˿سһࡣ
ࡣڲԭĸ£ѾΪ˵
һڴ˵еĶڲԭܼǧ㲨ˡ
ɵ޵ʵûк͹ͻ
ͻȻ¡
ʳ⶯֮䲻ֻ꣬жݵʱ
ˣ˿ɭȻҪͿֺɱ˿
Ҫֿ࣬ռи˿أҲڲԭε
˼£úΪ˿͹޵Ϯ
ֱǰҹȺ͹޵Ⱥ뻨أ֪Լˡ
͹޵Ĺ£˿ӦԵ΢ϣҶС
ҰȮ๷צӲó潹תȦͼҶҵټ
˿ȣƫƫΧƬĵط
ڵȴеڣβͽˣ޿ͼ乶˵Ҳˣ˿ǳҧᱨ㣬ɱ̡
Բξ޴Ķ䶶˶˵ģû·ˡ
˿ٳٲֽƲѡ
˿̣ڲԭĺܿ죬ֵͷڲݵţ˿һҲ⸽
ĺܼ򵥣Ȼʱ׽˿ҧֻ̣ϰ
ҰȮϢҰȮ£һͷβ
޵ûкãжΪҰȮȺ춯ܿע⣬͸˿ΡҲͬԺܽƻ
ִҰȮȺɢܣͼȥ̲ĵط޿ǵͼܲ޳ɿֵΪ˿ѵĻᣬٰƵСΧڣûôɡ
߽״๷ȥ֣µİΧȦ©ռ˿أֻɵĺBͷ¡
๷׺ڳݣ๷ҲضãСģڶ
ڶһӣ޲ʾȥרҰȮƨɣ๷һЩռϷ硣
˿ſڽϴֵϣȵ๷ҰȮڶûжٹעĴʩʩȻɷֲ洦ȥ뿪
˿ûҧҰȮȺ๷ȺĳԱˣּƲԣųԱܿˡ
๷һȺɵļһֶԷ˵
ʧܵĴֺܸҰȮȺֲĽûκջ񣬳Աˣٳû뿪˿ء
ҵʱ
˿ĳֻС沶ϷһֻСۣ࣬첿ͱӻûȫɡ
ƾﶴſڱ˺ҧСŬﶴ
̫ˣҪܵ·ߣ֪˿ڵĵطԽԽԶ
ݴзֲݳӰ̧ͷҰȮִԲĶתţǶҪ׽˷ܡ
˿̵ӲСֻҰȮϮҲǰܣҪص˿ߡ
ҧסĲӣ̵Ľ˸˿ע⡣
ֿããյϣԾӰ˺ĻϮųԱܣгԱ᲻Ǹ࣬˳ҧסߡ
˲ñ򣬿ֻŲ·ͻľԽԽҰȮغȻͻȲˣҧСٶȼ
ΪԼֱ̣ܣֱ˵ƽߣ˿ͣ£ûҧ̣תͷȥѰ̡
̿ܶ˻ˡ
ֺҰȮһֻ磬ճ˼ڣּ̧ͷȥ˿ڹľУɫ˫ڿݻƴ̵ĹľУǾ綾ĺߡ
Ҳˡ
ǿֵһ˿˵ƽȣ˫ûɢ˵Ϣǰ̲֫Ļ
ܳ˸˿أ͸ں
һֲ̣ΪʲôԭϵĶﶼ˵˿Ƿӡ
һ׷ǲţʧһᣬִӱĵطͻȻð֪ӱܲͷټԱͷ
ڷĵУ˿ڵʹõ˻⣬޸˿ҲսթĹޡ
ΪԼҲΪ˳Ա룬˿ȥֻɸصĺ
ԭسһᣬصͷ˿ܵ˹޵Ĺƻ󣬴أѾõ˳ͷǲټš
˿
ּ˵̣ҲûҧҰڵϵʱš
ҿȥˣҵɡ˵꣬ˣҰȮҲֹͣ˷ͽУ濨ֵж
˵ʵľ룬ֵͷһȺ뿪͸棬ֻعͷʱ˿Ѹٴѹӣʵļ
ȿֿͼ󺰣Сģ
˿ҧ˷͵ļ׵Ͱţȫʹ˿Į˵ǳͷ
˿ΪְٵĻŹŵĿԺСһһ
뿪ˡ
ҰȮΧڷߣżС
ըһСػΡΡںҹ
첲ʹ࣬ϵС֦
Ŵ򿪰ȡ֮ǰϴɴļˮװãӸСһʯͷ̶ס
ˮӹһƿˮˮװùˣ·ѹɰװ۳ɵСŹ˵ˮ
˯ĺ죬Ƴû쳳ѡ
塱磬Χת۸˯ˣ塱ӵܹȥϵһë
ëһ飬Ӧȫǵһ£޴צץ
ûѡ
ˡ塱Ķ磬ЦЦ
˯ôͷ֪
Ҳ
ˮ󵰵ζǣᣬǿ澰
˵Ļ𣿡ǿо档
̧צһ
ֹˡ
Ƿצӣ棬̡
ˮ󵰲̫ʱ򣬵ӿݣһҧȥζǻˣѾˣѹС벻ȶȣѾˣӽˡ
һ塱塱ԵĽζϵĵǷ
󼦵̫Сֱӷڻ˿ƽһĴʯͷʯͷڻգʯͷݵȶȰѼ졣
ܺķʱ䣬ֻ
꼦ڵϣ̾
ſߣ
̫ˣԼ˵˯
˯֦档
ӦҪˡ


12
ʳο壬˯ĺֱܳһˮѡ

̧ȥ
ˣ˦βʹߴˡ
˯ʱ̫ûˬĸоͷ͡
еܼ񣬸ϿһΪ׳֦֡
֦մˮմˮղ˻ȰŲ档䣬֦ĵطֶһѡ
ɻɨӡ塱ǡ
ǽͣ˯ǰ˵Ҫ֦棬˵ҪˣϿûѣҺͺȥһЩ
̧ͷµΣž壬ĺ׼
˵˵ԼҲҲᣬƣ궼ϵˡ
ʰ֦ǲµġ
⼸һֱû꣬ô٣ĸȷʵܴ
ˮӸ٣ïܸߴ󣬺ʺ϶ꡣ
δ󣬡˺ܾòҵĵط֮ǰһʱ䡣
˿ˣˡ
͵͵鿴˿ſûٻûѲӹ
ĺܼ򵥣˱˿ˣ¡
šƿʯͷ̶סռˮ
ˮ˺Ժȡ
ΪʡˮѾܳʱûʹʹȹˮˡ
ˮڲԭж˵ֵ˷ܣˮζŲַï
û󼦵
ҲȻӿտգȥԣı棬Ҷˮ
Ҳһ
ܳһҧȥʽ
̫Сˣûʲôζ
˿ڻ꣬۵ıϴˡ
ëˮʪԱܿǺ͡塱ӣ˳㻻·Ʒз԰ѻ·ϴˡ
ͣˣջġ
¶Ƚ٣ȣȥõĶ
ǳͣȥŵĵطٱһ١
š塱רԶܼĴߣ֮ǰԹСӣʵˮ飬ɷϲˣչףժСӷ棬װһ
Ӳ̫࣬ȥʱ򣬽·ˮĲݴԸˮ
߳Сӣ߲Ųߡ
СӳԶеᣬ۾Ȼ׽һϸСİС
塱Ҳˣæ˵ߣ΢Ʒ졣
һӦתҪܡ
ִСһУСèĽ
ͣãݴӦ˵Ķ˺
á塱ԭأǰȥ鿴
ľԺܼһЩ̵ľţҵʱûаˡ
£˲ݻǲݣǲԼ
ɫʲô˶£ֲҶӡ
ĺһֻƤëȫʪĻ̣ڹľԴ۲֦£Ѿģ췢
˿سֵ̡
ɸס̺󲱾ƤëʪˮѾܾˡ
ס󲱾Ƥëĸ޵סֻ΢΢ûнࡣ
ܷӦ
ʧˣЯıҳëסµĻҲܿɹۣ˫۷
塱ѾẒ̇󺰴С
˵߸壬
ҪϿȥֻ̺
ǰʨӣл塱ͷɥգŴ۾
һ塱ӶƤȥ
һ·ϣڸһ¶ȸ
µĻѻȼţӿŲСܻȥ
ëʯͷ̷棬ѿָᲦŪ̱ʪʪëϣܿɡ
˻ѣټϲԭ¶ҲǺܵͣԼСʱ̵ëѾȫˡ
ֻ̻״̬΢СĻ֤к
ǰϴѧʱιУ԰ＸֻèèСӺ󣬻Сè̴ߡ
ԣ̣ʱǴһСḛ̀ɣ
˼һᣬ̵ĶƤģûʳ
ӰóһÿһСӣҺ
ж̿ʼСţ̫СķͷӦȲϳ껨ҺֻԽȥһ㣬Ķ˳ȥ
̵ַͷĴָ˳ŲëοһʣµĵҺι
ιż
ι˵ˮ
Դ壬۾ϢƤë˺÷С΢һЩźʱʱһ⡣
Ѽ֦ˡ
˿ƮƮҡҡҪʼˡ
Ѵϵ·¹֦ܰ·֦ϣûɡ
ĺܿ죬Ʈʱǻˣ˳š塱ſķұ߼ĻԣһֻֻצѹڶƤ棬ͷѣ˯㡣
ǴסΪʲô˿Ǽһӳ
Ǹ˿̡
ŤͷС˿˵ֻСڴĹĹľҵģһ꣬ëʪ͸ˣС
ǽˣûζŸ˿ҵ
ͷӹһõĲ룬ڻߣֲŨܵƤëϸѰңȻ̵ĺˮͷСĿ£ܿѪ⡣
˿ڵľ룬Ȼ£Ƕݵļ࣬ûкʱҲûѪȻܷ֡
ѹֻһֱڻ˯ҧûҲش
ǣ㿴£ʨҧ𣿡
̧צ߽׳Ӵ󣬶ԱȶŵѹȸС
Ǵս˿ʨҧģʨҧģ̵ֻѾûˣǡ
ţȮݻסǿǸɵġ
ǴЩֵĵ⣬ֵ̫ˣԭϺպķӶǣ֮ǰɴû˵ֺ͸˿й
³Ƕס۾бϣѵҲõ
ûע⵽ǵСҵ˿Ϳһ㡣
ǲãȺСӣ˿ܻ
СԽԽˬ
צץԭ£طˡ
˿Ѿ˺ܾãƤëˮ˵ȥˡ
˿ţŲߣվУˮ嵭ζµĻȴԡ
ǸĸʨǶ¡
ǵĹϵ
ÿθ˿ʱĸʨǶߡ
ѵ˿ĶҪ̰ġ
˿ĸʨǷ̽ͷĸʨ뿪ء
˿Ƥëϵˮ
ĺܴûעԼϣԶŨʱſ죬ľ꣬Ų·צ߷ȼŻ֦Ƿɽæס̡
ССһ
˿ͣ£ɫ˫
̤Żˮ߽ϵ˿ԵʱԵףǱģڸ˿ϣߵʤӡǡ
۽޲˲ҲõڵСס


13
۾ëצżСȳ鶯
óš
ܽЩš
һֱҪõ˿ıӻԷܾ
ܺãײС˿ӦüƼԼ˵ֻԸ
ֻ˵Ĳˣһҹ꣬ҸͿ˵Ҫ۲һ¡
˿΢΢̧̧۾ӡ
ø˿ܺÿһֳγĽɫ̫ǿûּӣŲߡ
ΪܲʲôͣɱĶϵҲһֱͿš
ͣڰգԭϵĶʲôϸ
ҽȰлˮкô£ڡ
˿ȻϢ󣬲ŰĿԴ
Щٵĺ˿Ķ
ں
Ҫߣ
˿ȻĬţֿϵ˿ڣ֪ôŪģӦҵģ㱳ϵ˿ͦģҪҪҲͿ
˿ٶеĻͷڿᣬ˵˻ãչ˺ÿ
ǡ
ȷˡ
˿Ťͷ̧צ뿪¡
һξ룬ͻȻӦʣ˼ǣҿչҪȥĶ
˿ͣ£βͶ˶ûлӦĻߡ
ʱϴ˵Ц
˿ûȷӦû̵ߣǴˡ
ȵ˿ʧִӴӹľԭ·
ڲݵᡣ
Ƴõʱɺúôԭص̣˦βͣ˿ˣ㣿
ͷչ˺ÿȻˡ
̶ʧ飬Ҿ϶Ҳ濼£ȻұȲĶ
˿˵һӶ
Ϊ࣬ߣһЩãвС
Ƿһûлˡ
˿ڲ⣬վߣԼĴڸС
ůĻԴԴ˺ܾãϢ⣬ۡ
İĻİ֣һͷʨſԱߣĶŷ۵ĺͫСעš֡Լĸʨǡ
Լš
ȻԲԲͶ䣬׶ı飬Ȼȡ
ݲģûڼ̵İȫ룬Ƕ
£Ҳ˺㡣
Ȼǽ֣ô˵ĻҲһɡ
Ϊ̸˼¶һƵЦݡ
ԲԲ۾ܵݵϲҶϣˮ°ͺ͸ëȫʪͿĵҲοˡ
̴İĻûֵܽúĸޣ־ԲڲԭȻ⡣
þڸ˿ѧļɣĿտգû̫֧ơ
޹̾ͦ׵ġ
߽˿̣װͰ͵ġ
ʨӵĿҪϣ̵ɴûעʱ򣬼Ųݸߡ
˿·㶡
ı׶Ż̵ķ򣬱߶˵ƣûûεСӣ˾Ҫܡ
ʨӶǰˣҷܣ̱Ūš
ۿľſһǰ󲱾ëȥ
ûôۣûȥ͹£Ž䱸۲
ԭϵʳ⶯ﶼоԣ˿֣ԸѾ࣬ʳ⶯أֵ̣޲ҧ¶ǡ
ӳڣÿΪ治ͣѧϰܣĸױҧˣ͸Ÿ˿ɳڳ˸˿κζﶼ˺
ֻҪ߶̱
¸˿СӣŸ˿ڣߵǰȻ̧޴צӳͷһ¡
ͷؽᣬƨɳ쵹˸Ǳ
Ȼˡ
ôһצӡ
ȥ鿴û£ܲã٣С㲻ǻ˵𣬰ǰڸ˿߲Ǻ𡣡
̷¶Сݹɫıü·ǻ
Ļ˵
ֶס
СɤۣЩ΢ɳơ
Ǽֲ֣ŵղ̵Ľצϸеš
˿ߣҲһǸСǳǷᡣ
һ뻨ĺǽס˿ˣƨɺ滹ֻ̡
мɽһˡ
ίĿ˿ѣź͸˿ϡ
˿ţǿ˿ҵˡǰ棬Сβһһ̣ܿģҧסٵβ͡
ҲܸˣҧˣѧŸ˿ҧҵβ͡
˿һͷֵ˿ǰ֫ϣҲԶˡ
ҰȮҧסʱ򣬿ΪԼҪˡ
ĵܾܵ๷ҧġ
˿ĥ䣬ļο
ٺߵǰҲ׷ײ룬һֱ˵Һ㣬㣡
һĻûг
Ǻٿ
ԭϵʳ⶯ܽΣδٶݳ̶ȶ½ʳ⶯ٻ߲Σڲԭ
Σɻ
˵˿ĸ棬Сʸ˿˿ʲôǹ𣿡
ࡣ˿ص
࣡
ٴԴɻ
еȱۣ˿ĻԴ
Ưࡣ
ڣˡ
Ȼ
и˿ڣʲô£Ȳʶࡣ
ֵмеɣЦЦֵĺơ
ܡ
Ҳֹ˿˿
˿ʶࡣ
Ѻٺˡ
мľ룬ʣ𣿡
С˼ǵġ
һҾ֪ԭ˿㡣


ٸ[]


14
˿粽ǰסĲӣֹסС˵
ƤëսСݶ¶ˣʹҲϲ£ͣ˻צӡ
ڴк
ɻûС˵Ļϡ
עܿ챻ȼŵĻ
˿ţССǰצڲݵϣŻ磬һ
ʲô
߶Ǹ׽Щߣǻôܶ࣬ȡůˮԵҲԿ죬ҲΣյĶ
ֳһ
˵Щ;ǸС
Ҫʲôζ
סСظģԿ̫Ūˡ
ƶǶе㱿ִ󵨣ͦģܼ򵥣õĳ˸˿ǽ㡣
ʣҲ뵱ҽ𣿡
ûΪʲôյ棬ʶһԣСĸ˿
ڣʲôأ
˿˼ӣ˵Ժѡ
ܸоͶϵĿ⣬ϲ
ѣ
ٽ䱸ĺǿһֱڸ˿¶
֪˿˵ѵ˼ԭϵĵ˺ܶ࣬ѣ˵ûк档
һʼİ£ڸ˿öߣҲʼţδ˺Ҹ˿˵ѡ
ʨӺͻĴ塱ȣĻָЩ϶ˣһСֻ£塱ĲҶӹ۲졣
ٲˣѸſ£̧ͷϵĺ
塱ϽɿҶĸߡ
ͣС塱һģҵѡ
ڻ̫Һ˵˹̬Լȫڸ˿
ڵҪˡ
˿ûд߿ֻСһˣ˵ԼӦһΡ
ϵͿϵֱóſ˵㲱ҰȮҧĶҪҩ
Сĸױҧܸ˿˵ѣҲóȻٽӴ̧ͷʸ˿ҿȥ𣿡
˿û˵ֻ̧צļ
˼룬ߵǰ
һӲȥ˳šǵĵ
˵ص˿ȥ
Ը⣬ѣ˿˵ġ
ҧС䡣
õϸΪͿϵʱ򣬿Сĺ۾һֱе֡
̻Сǵͫײ˿ƯĽɫǻɫ
Ϳҩļ϶˿˵ˣ֪ǱҰȮҧģ
ͷ˵ģ֮ǰڴǱߣĵط
һֻ˵ĵ磬ᵽ˺ҰȮȺζ
Ϊ˿Щȷϣܸ˿ҲúɣôͱȻˣΪСͼ࣬˿Ҫ̽̽
ĪԽԭѾܵùˣΪȿ˿ˣ϶쿴
ʵȷʵˣҲ顣
Ĭһᣬ˿˵ĸʨǹϵܺáǳ䡣
ö˶˵ǡ
ȻצĿʱǱˡ
ǰͦ࣬ԼС˼޿ɺǣҲ۲úõģûΪһצˡ
ϸָԾŲҶǵԭһұѺõʳ⶯ȻһʼĿĲ齨һǳǿʨȺ
ǲû๷ȺʨάһǿҪ°һЩʵΪ
˵ͷ˵ĸʨӣԺ飬ԭǿȺܶ࣬ƾһͷʨӵˡŸ˿ɫ
ܷḻı飬²˿ʲô
һ£ʨǶԸ˿ûвġ
ÿǼ˿ҪܣԸ˿ʲôҲû
ȻҾͺ˵ҸеܰģΪߣִǣ˵ͣʵǿ󣬸ҶԴʨȺĽҪͶ㣬ҾԲ鷳һúչ̵ġ΢΢ߣ˿˵ЩںķеĻ
ֻСһֱСӲĻԼƤȺ
תѣװæһ֦ѡ
˿е䡣
ӴļУܵģ֪˿ᳰЦҲڲԭϻŶѣףŶѡ
Ľ˿ظ⼸֣ʲô˼
𿾵ӷɣİһ
ʡ˿
ôܽ͵ĳڡ
СĶڵ˵°ͷ쵽棬ཱུĶƤ̲
ǡ㣬׷㡣ܺݺһòӳʡ
εͬ죬˿뵱»չ̡
һ룬Ժģ˵˵ࡣ
ҪǸ˿ΪʲôͼٰߣڸŬȫ׷ˡ
ڣ˿ûоᣬĸʨǲǰ£
Ȼǣĺܿ죬Ҳת̹Ȼ͸˿ӡ
˿վǵһ˵꣬뿪ȥԡ
ûڵ˵ϡ
ʲôһ
Ū
顣
ڵϵצӰ°ͣ˿˵˺ö໰
ͦ˼Сģ
˿ˣҲЩ˿׼ȥʲô
˵ְͷתԣ
˿֪Ƕˡ
õ𰸣ִ˴СƤҽʲôأ
شˣСá
ֿ٣Ǻ٣Ҳҵá
ϾԺԼġŬСֻص㣬βͼĺɫ࣬͵ڶԲҲԲֻ۾Աж̶̵ߣСëܳȽ
ǿͺٵĽ㡣Ҳ˳¿ͷ
˯ʱ˲֪£ŻͷһΣϰ߸˿ͷͷ໹ͷһأĺܹ֡
࣬ߵ£ͦСظҲҪ
Ȼ󷽵˫סַȫһ顣
ССأԸҲߣԣѴ󲿷ֵᶼ
ĸֱȣ۾ˣ
á
Ǹö
ѹָ˿·Ҫ
һֱˣſڵϣ֣
ֻԸ˿ͽ㶼ܺõСкҲҪǡ
˵ѣ´ܲҲ˿ĶӣԴצӣ
ǶӲˣˣƫƫûС
ΪԸ⣬˵˿ʹôûйٺͿ˿ÿ춼æµ˿ܡ
ɰůĵС֪һôΪ˵Ҫ
ĬĬ̾ǣߣèһߣ˿˭Ұ

[̯]


15
İ
ٺ֣ȥͺһȥ
Ը⣬˿ڣģٸһЩϻֻʱʱлӦ
ѣ˵𣿡ɴ굽Ļţ̧צӴϡ
£ܾ̾˵Ҫʸ˿ԸԸ⡭
ҴӦˣӦҲš
һҺ͸˿˵
ȥˣ˿ôܻԸͷβ͡
Ķ㣬˿˵ѣԲڲԭϣǰûҲˣĸʨҲѡ
뵽ĸʨǣɶʨӴͷ
֪˿ΪʲôҪ⣬һ𣬿Ӹ˿ͬҲ˿ܵ˺
ĿǰڿĹ۲췶Χڡ
ӱҰȮߵڣҲͳǿιղֺķѲĶӱģǿ˴緶ûһᣬɵſڲݵϡ
ǰż
˿ԻӦûҪóһᣬȳԼɡ
ǼССļ̧ͷ
㲶ԣҲܳԡͷŤĵط۲Ϊ
û£԰ɣȥҡ
ǵȫһ㣬˿һʱỹزȳԶҪ
ֻСֻ죬̫飬ŵֻ
˯ʱҰŪţɲңһСˣҧһڣ˿ˡ
룬ڲݵصʯϣ֪Ϊʲô˿˵ǵ𣿡
˦βͣŤͷ
֪֪ӹΪ˿㡣
ʲô¿ͷĻ
Բ䣬Ϳ˵ҵļҲڲԭϣһǶ֪ҲûĵطΪ˲ԭ㿴ңᲶԣֻܼ󼦵ĵԣڲԭϹ⿿Լǻȥġ
ȥҸ˿˵ҿտȥѲغͲԣ̫ǡ
˿ͬ⣬Ҿ㣬˵˼ǣԺտ೤ʱ仹ȷڣԳҸļ
ΪڵְǱչǡ
渵̧ͷΣС˵㿴˿ô㱣ǡ

˵ʵ˴֣Ҳڸ˿ŵء
ɴڵŵǺܻ
ѵ˿ϲ
ô˵ִһᣬȥҧ
ӵʳҲĲˣͷ죬Ҳе
˿м󷽵ȫͺ٣Ȼ˿ˣȥЩ
򼦵ûԡ
Ŷš
ʣҳˣʲô
ǺѣЦûµģҲ̫
УýѣԽҡ£Ǻ㡭ͱȸ˿Сˡ
ɡ
ͦСظظɡ
СԴظ˼ֱ֣ȷġ
˿ܰͦã˵Ĳǿ뿪Ҳûж೤ʱ䣬źüֻ󼦵Ĳӻˡ
һţȸԾš
ŵϵļֻ󼦣̾ǻ󼦶ץסץֻ
˿צϵε󼦵ѪֻһֻǸġ
֪ηӦˡ
𣿡ʡ
Žûãھͷָˡ
ֻ󼦣Ի˵϶Եģͺٵļû𼦵˵󼦵ԾͿԣǳ԰ɡ
˿һᣬֲ󼦵
ܵ˿߶ţ˿˵԰ɡ
ͺٷ׷׵һֻ󼦣˺ë
Ҳ׺˺һֻ󼦵ëëû꣬ȥϸСķıǿףʹش˼磬վûվȡ
ë£˿һ㲻ǣΪԺڲԭȥ˿ҪǾͨеļܡ
ٺͿѾϰˡ

˿űë󼦣Ѽë
̫١˿˵Ҫʺݾӵĵط
󼦵ëڲݵϣջȫһ
ͷҧ󼦵⣬ʳԶϷɵģˮεģܵģֻҪ׽ԽǵĸС
󼦹Ķ񾭣ӹ˿Ļţǻ꣬һʱҲͣˡǸıȥ
ͣʱ򡣡˿ԶܿһɫӰд󣬹
Ȼ˿˵Ҫ뿪Ҫڻûߣڻԣֱӣѹɼͷ״ȥϴμ񼦵Ĺľ׽󼦸á
ʮľ֦ͷͶЩЩ΢Ӳ㵹һߡ
֦ռ
÷ɣ׷׷ˣ˸취üͷ֦󼦷ʱиţͷܴ󼦻ֹǷС
֦ƮƮģ
˼һᣬÿ˼֦˸ɿݵϸҶӰ֦
ֵ˵࣬ͦ
ֳĲҶͦãһԲҶ黨Ƶͷš
ɵ˫·ţһЩûмĶ²
ʳﲻרģڱӣ³һļ⣬ߣצӰõĲ
ʲô
ӡ
ϵ
ϵҧӡ
ЦΣĲҶת˸䣬һݻͷϡ
ֹͣҧӣ۾ֱƣֻǰצ̧һԵڲݵϡ
ݻڵϣһҧסֵߵߵײ˿ϣ˿㿴
˿ñʡĵС
Ѳݻڸ˿ǰø˿ϡ
˿ҧסݻԵѧͷϿס
˷ܵȻʲôҧŸ˿צ㣬  
Сϲ˿е
ͬʱҲΪСеľʲô˵
˿æվܹȥָıӣߵĺ룬ͬʱЦСͣ


16
Ǳղˡ
Ǹӣ˵ҲͬʱѶƤ¶룬Ұɣղ˿
Ҫˡ
˿еɻˡ
һУ˿ͬ⡱һۣ͵ѪҪΪ
һֱ̣ʹ
˵ʲô˿Ԥеڷʲô£תſţҧסĺ󲱾˵ղųһļǰ꣬ȻȥһЪϢ㡣
ʵˡ
뵢˿ʱ䣬ʣǸǴʲôʱץȥ󼦵ĳѨЩŵʳ
Ϣ䣬˿˵·
ˡ
»ᵢ˿ʱ䣬ǲԭϵĶֲϰ࣬Ҫôʱʲôء
ջһˮʰ¶֦һòϵڱıϡ
һ֦˻֡
Ҫ뿪ʱ塱ڿϴԣǻһСֻ
˿ԺûȤֻ֪Ǻһġ
Ҫ˹ȥͺ棬ס
˿ǰ棬ֻСм䣬Ϻ
ͺٶؾߣֻһȥ˸˿βͣһȱȥҧĲʱȥɧſͺ١
¼˷ܡ
ڸ˿󣬿Σְȫбĸо̾˿ˣپһ²ԭܾǰ飬˵һջ
˿ϴ񼦵ĵط
һƻˣûȱڣٴȥ
ҲҪȥ
ϣֹ
ֻСΧ׷ҧˣ
岻̫ڸ˿ߣȵȥˣ̧ͷŸ˿ʣ˿ŵ𣿡
˿ܿС
գ۾Уʲôŵ㣿
ʵе࣬˿ģΪʲôôʣ
ظĶԻ
˿䶯˶˵ĶԣڵְǱչǡ
ŵ㡣˿ҪԼȥ۲졣
ƶǶͶϡ
ֻ⿪õ֦̯Ҫߣסһֱǰڶ£½ȥϧ󼦶㿪
ˣ˿ߣڸʲô
˵֪
ֻù󼦱гڵţҴܹȥҪľס
Ҳֲ׽ļǹĸòϵס󼦵צӣһͷϵڸ֦ϡ
ռ֦İ취õġ
Ȼ󲿷Ҫ
һֻȻŸ˿ߣһ󼦣Ҫá
󼦴󲿷Ѿϻ߹ľһߣɢ⵼׼
˵˿ıϣ˿Ϊʲôԣ
˿ڵķ򣬡ϣȥ
Ǹܸӵࡣ
̶ദʱ䣬˿ܿĳЩԼļ֡
˵˿ļϣҵһ淨ִ˲ƣ
ظʮκһջһ֦һֻ󼦵ĺ
ܹȥֲŪȥļ
һ£ְ֦󼦵ĺγ
󼦵Ѫһأȥ
һֻģһֻġ
ðһͷŵļţĸܲãǹ֮ٳҲ١
ĲãѻĽһ
ŵС۾ͬʬһֱɽš
Ǹ˿ǰ棬ͺٲʱعͷۡ
ˣһУŻ󼦡
ڲԭô죬˲٣ˡ
ʣΪʲôѼҧ
ΧȥһעⲻҪȵצӣһ˵Żļãĸ֮ҾͲҵˡ
ͼ֮߼
ͺټһ˵Ļҹ۲쵽һŵ㣬˫ֺߡ
һкܶûĶҲûô
ٱʾͬ
˿ҵһٽˮԴĵطԼصһжϤ
¹Ĳԭɵ֦ң͡塱ͷȥ֦
ű㣬Ÿ˿¸Ĵ˿԰ҿ𣿡
ԣڸߴѡĸ˿ת
עģһˮĴ꣬ӳ棬񲨹Ե˹ӡ
˿ȻЩʡ
˿ƯƯճǣֽͷڶӰϼĺȾ
ϼ˿ܶΣԭÿһжظţ죬ⲻͬ˿Ѥϼʹ΢̣콵ࡣ
˿˵ܾĻȻҲܾ
á
΢̵Цݣѱڸ˿ǰٰѻֲڵϣˡеãʶҪ˿Դʱ˿⣬סڨڨջ֡
ϰˣǡ
ƨɺ棬ٶʯͷצϵˮıӰʯͷȥҪ
ûд˿ͿԽԽԶ
վмΪѣ͸˿һ𣬵ַĲɵ
һҧסβͣ˵һȥɺ١
һͷˡ
ûиȥ˿µĶֿצӰ»ŵ󼦵ĸ˿
ʵ˵ĶҲκ⡣
󣬸˿Ӧ
˿ϵ÷Χùֵֹġ

[Թ]𿴿С͸


17
רܼĴȥңżҵҴĸ֦
֦Ƶģûֱ
ֻСﲻæԱˣ֣߸ףٸϡ
ǵıӰŸ˿ĺȣҪȥѺٺ𣿡
˿Ѿ»µһȺ߽磬΢һЩܸڲݴУ﷢֣Į׼ѡһֻеĸ߽磬ʵĶʹĲͬȺһЩ
ٺ¡شţͬʱ
֪˿Ҫˣҵһʵλãۿѧϰ˿Եķ
߽ѡλöԻ˵̫ãΧйľдʯͷ翪ƽԭûıٶȵõַӡ
˿Ǹˡ
ʯ͹ľԶ˵Ǹ谭
˿·ӲݴСΡȥùľڵ۲߽ȺĿꡣ
ֻԸ߽緢ìܣĽǶŹ߽Ⱥʼ궯ΧͷԱܳһȦӣ߽Ⱥ˿ҵͻƿڡ
ŹеԸֻ߽жԷȸ˿ʺϳ̵ľϳʱԸ߽Ų·һֻת̫̫죬Ǳ۶һ
ֻеĸ߽类ܵԸ߽缷һԣǰ֫סΣվѵʱ䣬˿һʯͷʹ˵ϣĸ߽簧ű˵߽Ĵ·ߣûһֻͷѾ׽סͬ顣
ĸ߽ƴýǳ˿ȥ
˿ǰ֫סĽǣص߽ͷŹ
˿ҧס߽ĿڱǣֱϢ
ˣҧסĺ˺ŷССĺģ²ԡ
˿ͷѪ
ٺ֪ϵʳѾ䣬ǸԽԽԶ
һ֦ˡ
عŷߵ̫Զˡ
ûƬԭʱ̳Σգ¸˿Ҳܵġ
Ũܵһ˸ߵĲݴԣ٣ǸϿȥɡ
֮á
·úߣһͷݴԾš
֦϶Ҫ֤İȫ
֦
ߵĸͻȻһŮ𣬡ϣʵСŲݴһ󣬲ͣζš
еϤ
ǣ
æݴԣûʨǣһɫͷɫĵ޶Ůɵڲݴϣĺ󲱾һɫ
סˡ
ࣿ
Ե޶˽ҶΧס⣬ţǲԭ
޶ŮվţСǸʲôҪᣬȻȵҵĶӡ͵û˵˵أСƻˡ
վȱһصβԽԡ
ɴ۾ų޶βͣģġ
ǣ
üֱ׳ôξͲʶˣ
ҡͷǣĲһ
Ϊʳ⶯ζ֮ǰ๷ëʢ
û뵽ͦƯġ
Ӷ䣬Ϊ˵Ķβͣʳ⶯ᱣĳЩԼϲ籣ëһ޶βͣһѡ񡣡
ˡ
ͷһεǣʣôģ͵͵ǲǣ
ܵͺһ
ܵǶơ
Զ֣֮
Ǻߺʲô͵͵ұ͵ܡ
и
ʵرױ˿֣ǲų²ߣȻǸߣ˿һջ
Ҳûʱ˵һղŴȥˣһ棬ٺǵĵر
ҧЬ˵ֻԵСӡ
ǺãȻȥˣע𱻸˿֡
ǾĶ
ӲҶˣ϶ֲˡֻ̰Сӣܲصĺúõġ
֦ˣߵһ룬ֻ˵ղŲݴ﷢飬Ҫ͸˿˵𣿡
ͺٶһۣǰȥ
˭ҲûӦ
ܲǣǽһС㡣ִ΢Сâۣ;롰塱ϣҲһ֦ժ˼ɫСӣƵչָ
صűĵطԱһֻӺܹĵĸ߽ʬ壬ӦǸ˿׽
ֻ̱ûָǱܣŵȼѣʹڸС
ȥԿƤ˿䵽ϣϣĸʨǵζŨ
סζûǽӴȾζ
ͷˡ
᲻ĸʨǣڿȥ˿һ仰ͬʱβڲҶ˦˦ȥܲˬɫһ
塱һţҧس֦ͬʱݸһȥɡ
ҧ߽̫Ѿҧ˰죬ֻƤֻǰצƿڸСӴ󴭿̫ˣ벻ͶúٺͿæš
˿еˡ
̤ʱתߣ˿ȻС˵û˵໡
ӣҲͬСأ˿ô֪
һ£ֻ˵㿴ĸʨӣˡ
⻰治ǻһ
β͸ƨŤŤģЦ˵ˣӦڸ˿ǰ˵ҿˡ
ƨ£ʵ𣿡
Ȼԣ
Ŭҧ⣬æ͵пۻѹĸ˿
࣬Ӱ˿飬һ磬һ

˿ˮζұӷ
ʵûУ[̯]


18
˿һʵӣͼƶ͡
OO˵ĻȻһĸ˿Цô᲻ãҲȥ
ֻ㡣Ҫˡ
ǲԭϵʳ⶯ռôǿ𣿻ǡֻи˿
˿ƺ̫Ͷϣβ˦ͣ
Ҳû˵ȥǵĻ
ͻȻ飬Լ᲻ʲôζǶ֮ᵽ˿ᾭҲϲߵǣǵζ˿ˬҲ
ôõİ취ǡ
ÿģ֮ʾܵĶߵ˿£ڻӺһ˿ɻʱԼĶͷסǰ˿ǰëֶĥ伸¡
ȵĺŸ˿ϵë־дĵס
̧۽޺ͽߵĽɫ˫ϣȵķ粻Ĳ
۽ޣ˲仨ࡣ
Ƴ˿ĶƲһ£¶ĺᵽ˷͵Ļݳһ¡
Ӧáζˡ˵
˿ͻȻ͵վԾ£ѸʧС
˫ֳסݵط
ˣǡôˣ
գգ۾ֻ֣Сٺˢˢ̧ͷһѪֱ
վգҸʲô𣿡
Сͷ˾ϵѪСܵǰצȵʪ¶棬һģĽӡԸ˿ʲô
ʳָ˵С䣬ûʲôҶĳݡ㲻Ҳ𡣡
ֹ̫һ
ͺٿĸоһѸ˿ˡ
ͻȻСС̾Ϣһ㶼ûгҡСɥȥʷСƤ˼ӣҲԲԲ䶶˼¡
ġ
˫̧ǰצȻż´󣬵צӱĻҪ
һסצӴ˻ΣĶƤҲŻ˻Σĺצſ񻨰꣬ץס档
˲Ķ䣬ţСһ¡
ʪĴıӡ
ģԲ۾ӳ
һԵġ塱ŴͣͬʱһѺӽ
ڶݱˡ
ڵϵĽצֵض£۾һ̧һ䣬ţΪʲôҡ
ֻи˿ͺٿ
Цˣס
ԶԷϲ˼
Һϲ
Ц̫Ŀϲӵضº룬ţͷָ˵Ժһֱҡһֱϲ
̰ͦĵġצӣȥ
צŵأ̧һצӣٸСڵƵҧβת˼ȦȻ嵽ü
ٿ˸ղŷһС
ûǺ京壬ζԿ˵ˡ
˿û뿪̫ã̤ŸµҹĻ
ѾȼѴõ󼦴֦û𿾡
ֻСûԵ⣬ʣµ˿ҲԲ꣬ڣ˿ٲˡ
塱ߣ󼦵ֵ֬
ûеζϣСͿϣϣһЩζ
ڸ˿ߣѵùһ͵ҹͿ˵ڸ˿Ϣٰſڸ˿ϣŻ𷢴
Ĺϵˣֶ޵°͸û˵Сϡ
͸˿֮ķΧе΢
Ƥ˿ʲôû˵ֱˣЩֹ
û˵һ仰άĸĺг
̫ˣˣûᵽ˿ζ
Ҫ̧ס죬ΪҪͷ쵽£۾˼£ţûС
˿˵ˣ˿϶ĸʨӵζڸ˿ϲǼ£Ҳûʲôء
ϸ˿ζڱǣ֮䲻
ûа취ȫ⡣
Ҫ͸˿˯һ𣬻Ҫһ㡣飬һƨߵܵ˿ǰ˿ˡ
ף˿΢ֱ𼹱
˯ĺ٣ë޵ʹϹ
ٵڵϣĿˮܵˣ
˿ҧסĺ󲱾ڵŤ˼£
ֻצӳţֲиʸ˿㿴𣿡
СӺһͨ˿ܿŹ֡
ˣʪģȥæë
ѽˣβ˦ţ̾Ϣһ
оҪڳԣŵվæ˵⿾ˣûԵġ
ζȻپʲôײ׵£Ҫ
˿ɿ죬ߵԣἦζҶȶȣ˸ȡ
ٺͿԵıģĿû̫ȤС˵ղŸңҿҪ촽ȥ
ٵĻ˿УŻУϵĴꡣ
ȥ
ʲôζ
ܽ
ִֿĵ𣬸˿Щꡣ
ȥˮԴˮ·ĽûãҪĶ
˿ˮԴԣ°ϵˮ»۳һϸСˮߣϵˮϣ˿һˣˮƻζǰצȫʪˣˡ
·侲Щ˿˻صϣˮʧֻˣƬ̺һֻ㳤ֻ̽ˮУˮһͶУˮأζĲӰӳŮ˾ɵ°ͺͱĴ
˿ָӸ꣬ˮָڻҲ˸˿ûĸо
ڣȷʵ棬ףʲôζ

ɵӣǿǡ


19
˿ǰ֫ʪػˡ
õζеĺãͿĨȥĺɫС֭Һ΢ĿڸС
ͷһγʳͷ¶ǡ
Ͷɹ㡣
մԭʱôҲԼܳϿӻΪ顣
˿̬ע⣬ǻϰΪһҸط£ظϵˮ
һֻˣѹͷӽֹĹͷ￿
һҲˣ塱վһȥ˯˻ҩԱߣ˿ҲܹˣҪϺöࡣ
²ϱ¸
ڸ˿£ʧȥĸףûܹ˺ͣ˿
һһһһ以വŸ˿
ǿеβ̧¡
ҪϢˣʢһ˯ڸ˿ߣȾϸ˿ζĸʨᵽܡ
ܾĻû˵ڣΪ˿ڿ
ðɡЦЦѱͷɸ˿Ϣ
˿ͬʱҲϣ˿ܵĵطţи˯ߣɡ
һֱ˯죬˿û뿪
ΧףٺͿһĽų켷ߣԭ˫ֽڸϣ˯̫ַֿ࣬˿ĵǰ֫°ͣͷ΢ŤһЩɫ¹˯е
ֱִļϡ
ȵİסǿ鼸ҪŻһ㣬ʶָ˸ӲܵëƽɵҲתȥŸ˿
˿
ǱѵģﱳűŻ¯
Ժۣ
˯Ʊر첲ڸ˿ı۰ȿڸ˿ʵϣź÷ߵĵСȰ˲١
צȵ治ʱƵĲȼ¡
ѹôȡ
˵İӣذȺ͸첲Ӹ˿̧ģˣȶһ֮󣬸˿۾
˼ӣְ̧۾ס庢һ˵˯ɣ˯ɡ
˿Ľëõ
Լһӣջ֣˿ûбϵ˼
оһɵ¡
˿˯
ջȺؾãҲˡ
ɤӣԸ˿˼˵˯ʵҵ
˿վŵչ֫û˵
µһ
ʱ˿ÿ춼ѲأҲ⡣
ֻտţ˿ǰһ㡣
ճĻܺã˿̫ȥء
ǰڻڵɵɵŵ£ͷ˾ͣҵζ
ȣ΢΢ſ졣
˿Ծ£֫סΣͷҲСȥѲأһƬ糱ϫ
̤ųϫͼ͡
ֻֻ˯ѵСӺ
СԷͶ䣬ﵽĿġ
ǰ˿ȥԻѲأֻСһڹľԻʯѨУֻи˿߲ŸΧˣ
һĺٶԸ档
ʯͷ֦塱һ԰æһССļѣȦ档
˵ͷŲӹԹԴڼ
˿ѡЪϢصƽ̹ԭһ͹λã˵ɽֲǣҪһ㣬վڸߴԶĵط
ԺµҲ࣬һˮԴ
ѵĺԲΣͦĺ
ˮ߳˺ܶӲݣ˿ϵˮ
˻ȥȡˮտ˳ιһЩˮָֻĸʳˮҪι
ֻС˵ǴȥȡˮҪȥٳС
ΪҰȮߵӰڣԸ뿪
úſͬˣ˵Ҿţ
̫ڸ߿Уɢǰˬںߣˮֱãɹ˵ֱȥƺ졣
ССצӲںͷˮȣ塱Ҳˣˮ͡
塱˿ʣϣѸҿȥڷϰˣһ߹۲ûʳ⶯룬һҶЩС
߲ķ϶У塱ҫĿ£ݴдŻӰ
塱ΪǸ˿˼󣬼Ҷıҳӡ
ѿȪˮƿֱֻˮһᣬ׼ȥ
ڰ׷һֻĿģ
ᣬ̰棬ִ˵ȥͻȥҲǲԭ̻ĵ
塱ץסһ֦֦Ծ۵Ȼе㽩ӲӰҶ޷ϸ΢ĶĻ±
㲻ϸ˿ԵĶ塱׽塱˫˫ץס֦׹֦䣬࿴ȥ±Ļֱֱʵı͸˿ȫһ
塱٣ŴУק֦
ͱЧܲ塱ļ裬бĶﴳˡ
֪ĸ򣬵ڲܣٺͿ
һ߱ܵϣֻС׶༪١
վڵ¶ĺܣСѸٶ˵ǿ˱ʳ⶯ȱ£Ȼıܣһֱܣͷһȥġ
գһ𡣡
һֻСѣãδ֪ߣӦһᣬʱҲ˿ˡ
ţһֻܡԲ䡣
ܵĽӴ
µģ˿ô˺öߡ
ӵļͷ̧𱳣ֻһֻӶѣѭźӵӰ¡
ڸһݴĬĬ۲ȫòһͷȸ˿ҪСһĻ
£ǰ֫ϣβɨݴԣҪ׽塱
ָָ˵ܡ
ĺܣûгԸһֱܡ
Թε۽ǡ
ðһ⣬ԣһһ𻨱ע⣬ڲĽĺõѡŲŰǱˮС
¶ӹ۲İ
塱Ѹߴ֦ϸܲ˻ڶ˻ҶӣС
İֻĺӽ棬תһˮ
ˮ峺İ븩ˮĵطһ룬źܿˣͷͷˮ
ֱռƬỨĺƿϮİ̧ͷֻϰҴ뿪
ӦǸ˿ˡ
ܣˮ︡ںˮŪ۾Ҫҵߡ
ͨһསһƬˮŬȥϵˮ乴һֱۣҲˮסԴůĺ̼ĺ󾱡
ˡھ
סȷѯʣǣ˿𣿡

Ҫv[]


20
ġˡûг
ֲɵýץסֱۡ
ŬۣˮŪ۾ۣļӦÿڰˡ
ˡû뺦
ļɳ΢СķӦڽɫУԼˮͷˮߣϸĲɵˮۡ
Ƥҧһڣơ
ҡ˿ڻӦ
ɳڵĸԣ˿ˮȵֶᵽĸо
ôڵĸ˿ǽˡ
˵ʵ˿εģ
ȱ̫أؿڻ˿ĵָ
ϵȫʪ͸ԭȣˮгһ˿⡣
ղֻ᲻ǿһʳ
촽΢ţޣԵĺһ
ֻбζ
˿ϢƽȣֻˣǴرߵġ
ˣˡ
û£ҿˡ
һķŶ
һΪ˺ǡӿθ֫泩ˣֱ۵ԡ
ԡɿˡС˵
ˮվȣ˿ʡ
վվȵ⣬Ǵ㹻Ŀ˼˿Σţɱ⣬ܵġˡߡ
񻹡
Σû·ɡ
ϴŪҶӵס壬˵ǻ֪岻¶
Ļϯأ͹⣬ĸ˿ˮһˡ
ⲻûаİһ𣬵¸ڡ
۾ĲʸȥһЩ΢죬ղŵĲڹĲԭÿ춼пܷС¡
ֱϡ
ɫһֹУֱָϸƯָؽڵ͹Ư켡쵭͹ֱϡ
۾֪⻹ʲôе㻨ۡ
Ťͷȥ˿
һֱֻ۶ܿεĸ˿ȻҲġ
ˮĲ˿뵽һֻҹŵ¹⻨
ջֱָۣЩӲݿܣĴָĦ
еۡ
ס죬Ϊʲô
˿ӣָһ£ˮ
£𡣡ԼҲ˲
ҸоˣǸϿϰȥɡ
˿ûٷһϰ
⧲˿࣬壬һȵĵطǺıΧܿס
ӸסһǱʶҪŲߣʵǣʯ͸˿Ȼͬ
ڷġ
ʪͷճıϣ˿ĶŨڵĺƣһֱ쵽ļ羱Ӵޱȡ
Ǹ˿µɫ𡭡
ˡ˿ƽ˿̵̬
ûૡ
˿΢΢ͷ룬ֻĸʨܿ
Ҫ̽ϡҡͷȻعʲôĬĬ̾ͷԣҸղǣˡ
Կ϶˿
Ȼѳǣ
Ӹ˿վλ÷ƵĹؽת˿ָצϵˮϵëǸɵġ
صϣģ̫ҿ˿룬Ժ᲻ֻҪ˿Ժͻḡ㣬塣
ȫȻ֪·ʪ͸ϣĵĹģϸϸҲһࡣ
˿ĺ󣬱ɲסȵͷܻ
塱ȱߣţΪղſֻİľ
塱ǰİɫëͷƴɫëοûˡ
ܻʪ͸һСڵײ˹ȱߣʵֻݺݲһ¡
ƭҡһƨڲݵϣɫͫӯġ
·ϲܣ΢ƿV°ڣİ
ûƭ㰡˵
ûһܡ
һһ˵һߡ
ɵĻЦãôĸӣҪ׵ߣҲôС
汳Ƕĵ塣
ǸظСҲܸԼҪλϡ
ãʳˣ´Ҳˡܿϴ
ǿ⡣
߷鶯СĿͺҲСԴڲݴ˸
뿴ʪ͸̲סԿ˵Ҫǵᱻġ
˵Ϊ㻹С
˿һ󣬾Ͳˡ
ǰۿΧ߳ˮÿһģټˮ
һСֻʪ
ң·ܴܿɣҲݷ¹һƵġ
ָһԾˮ棬ˮУ˼žʶ˵㡣
㣬ǿ׽ˡ
޲ˮȥ׽㣬Ҫһ㣬˿ڵıʪȻȥ´׼׽㡣
˵㣬˿ںϡ
Ҫ
ǻȥһ
ʣ˿ʲôʱ
̫á˿ֻϻܵķ
ԭʳ⶯ҪϻȴҺ˿Ҫϻǲʧܱ뿪
ʰϵƿӣ˿Ҫ뿪²ʵҪȥ׷ղֻ𣿡
Լ˵˿һ⣬ֻצӲ£ţܰš
ӣ£ãȥء
Сӽߣ˿ۣͷŸ˿ıӰòС˵㣬Сĵ㣬ȫ
˿ͣβ˦ţͷ
ҧҧУлл㡣
˿ûйܣˮȥҲû
Ա֮£ԼҪչ˵Ǹ
һ࣬ڲԭϸ룬˵Ǿллܼ尾
˿ûӦĶ䶶£ҪƵġ
˿ǰУĿıӰƬֵ̺˵ǧҪؽϾϿû·
˿ԶˣƮɢС
װĺˮտȴʱУ˿ڣѾЩɫѿۿȥֲͦġ
ֻҪʱ߶û̫Ĳʡ
ֻСӶˣſʳǰС˺ԡ
˼вȥҳ֦ͷ档
˿λúãйľԺڵҲһ߶ȣܸ·ΣҲȱ㣬бĶǺѷֵġ
߲̤ȥͿǶڸ߲ݺ棬Ȼˣ޶βͶɿ춶˼¡
ٴǵΣĿ⻹̲סĶϣ뵽ڸ˿ǰΪЩġΪԾԶЩ
û˵Ĳ
֧Ķ̧ͷñڿᣬһֲı飬ε׿ɱʨαḻĶࡣ
ᵽڸ˿Ũζ
ûʲôֵģϾ͵͵Ǳ˿ġѨɡ
Ũĸ˿ζʱ˵ô¶Ǹ˿ζ
̲סζģġ
ҺһȾζν͡
ǿɲţ˿㣿ͷţһ飿
˵ôֱ״
㱻ˮǺ
ղˮ˿Σ΢һǵĻͷ鵽š
Ϲ˵
ǺһһƨڵϣɣȾôţ˵ʵڱ˽ҶӣվŻУŻţûôʵˡ
ԭĶ߱ܣڽ壬ûд̫ǿĵĵº߳ġ
ˣ˿Ҳˡ
ðȱ
ǲΪ⣬Ա֪ܿΪʲô𣿡
ʣ㲻ϲ𡣡
˵Ļ
ǽεصһۣ¡
ղ㿴Ļаرϳˡ
ҪռصĻǿʨȺɵġ
ʨȺأqȋqĺǸԱҰ๷ȫǸˡ
˿غͿʨȺڣҲһֵ˿
ǲЩֻʨȺûʨqȋqʨʨܳʱȺĿģǻʨߡ
ԣʨȺĸʨ쳣Žᡣ
˵ţǲ۶һ֦
ʨȺĸʨܶ࣬ǵѪԵϵγɽܵˣżǣʧܸգԣڲԭһֱš
ⵣڸŸ˿ѰӻȻϣÿ춼ܹ˳˳ԭϵﲻô롣
ÿһ۾ͱΪԴܶ
ʧģֿʼǽǣǸ߰ɣ˿һƬأÿ춼ᰲȵġ
ͷˮڻδ͸̲ס˼¡
û˵ĸߵĻϣÿһμ棬Ƕô˵
Ÿ˿
ϣΣվ𣬲ڸŸ˿㡣
ûָĸߣղŵĻ٣ҿʵĻеġ
ȰߣҲʱһˡ
˼ǵĲһ
Ǻܶࡣվ˫ֲҪˣ˿ˡ
ӻںߺˮǱԭصֻСܱȲϸ˿ûзǡ
㿴˸˿ԾˮУһ˿
Ķû壬̫ˡ
˿ͦں
ǿˣ֪Ϊ˿Ϊ֪һеȣǸž뿴ˮԾֵȻһ档
ǲݴ˽ȥҶζһ̣βĸʨԾͷҲ뿪
˼֦ҲûڻԵŸ˿
⣬ͷ˾ߵѪͦŹĹĵСһƨߣ㻹ϲ𣿡
ԴȻ
ĻشͻȻҧһҶϾͷ˦£Ǹ˺ҧ䣬ﻹմвм
Ϊôˣµмǽҡ
鱾еͳһ仰뷢Ц
ַʽȷں
ĵˣ̧צӣһ¡
˿ҧһ㣬ȫʪ꣬Ƕ׵ġ𾢡СȻû
ⷢ
˿ٷһֵĺ
ס۽̧ǡú͸˿ϡ
࣬㣬ԻûȥСʱƫƫԻ£˿һ
һʱᣬ޷̹ȻԸ˿
װܷɵɿצӣ˵ˡһ㡣
ۼصġס˿ɿϣġ
¡ɰͰӦ
˿ˮ׽
˼һ飬Ҳͷܽ⿪˿ߣҲ᲻ͨ߼ӭж⡣
˿׽㣬ձڻϿˡ
Ƥڻĺ濾пʼ佹
ζһ⣬ͷô˵
ͨǣ֪ʨȺأ֪ʣ֪ȫ˵˿һǡź˿
˿ϵˮͣͷʨȺء
˵һ
ͷû￪ڣǣ᲻£
˿ţֱӣˮư£õģһᱣ㡣
ǵһδӸ˿⼸֡
ƺҲںͼֻСͬĵλ
ƣ͸˿Ӵʱ仹졣
жǼٵģĳһζԸ˿л
ϲ˵ллѸ˿һвԵȵλãûİܸ˿ıͰ
˵ллʲôá
˿ƳһĴβͼɨű紵ֵĲҶ
Բڵ˼
ġ
˿ɵȥ
塱Ĺϵ׽һ㡣
ƴġã塱һֱֻͦϲĺӣϷСİ¡塱β͡
塱£ͣצӣԭԴš塱
塱оûж⣬̽ͷԾ£׷ʱ
㿾ˣȳһڣζС
ǴȻĶһûеϼӳ֣Ҳڡ
ֻСӶӱģ˿ܻԿ㡣
ʳ£˿㲻Ȥ
Ѳû߶ԶߺӵĽ˿æϻ
Ȼһͷĸֻڸ˿زӣûбҰģԵɺ󣬸˿ߡ
ϻ֪Լû˿⣬צ»ˡ
һͷвԺСĻø˿ɵ
ǰѲء
ڲͬ
ѭ⣬˿ԭ·أ·ƬȻƽĺʱȥ׽һ㣬ǵʱ۾ˡ
̫бƬҲʼ
ٺڴ֣Թϥϣϵ˿Ϳ
ŨܵëѾϵ˶ЩĽ
ΪϢϵĺܻȲϿ
ܿͻˡצӡ
˳Ƶȥ
̧ղűצӶ˶
צӵΪǸûʲô
ǱʶﱻצӵĹоеһΡ
ߣϴͷҲԡ
Ǵ㣬׽С
̧Ľצ£ܻ˸˿ߡ
˿῭ϳ˵ִ̱ǵζһ˿ϵϢ
ںסʱƤϵ˿꣬ҲԼζ
סζ
ˮԴĵط׷˻๷ҰȮʨӴͻŶЭʳ⶯˿Сʳ⶯ûô;Ҫҧߡ
вԺСʳ⶯˿ãƤӵʳˮ
ߵĺڱһҸڰˮ֪ô˳ͻ
˿ԭģǺ⵴򶷷һ𣬺ߵĳγɵȦԽԽ
ԭǰֿ֫˿վżֻǵӰ
˿ĶֻСӵע⣬ȫܵ˿վϿߺǺ⵵Ĵ򶷡
⵹һֻһ룬ʱռϷ磬Ƥֲǵдλټ⵳ζͣ½ŲһΪᵽζ׷˦ͷ죬̼һЩˮͼ˦ֶĵζ
˿ĸϳȥԶҲ˲ⵣͬһˡ
⵼Żܱߵĳζûɢ˿ͣ½Ų̧ͷΣһܿüͷ
⵲
ĳζסˣŤݴˡ
ųζ˿β͵ʹţܲˬ
Ƭ˿·鶼òٵĵطȾˡ
ĺǺ͸ⵡ
ʨȺڲԭϴںܶˡ
ĸʨʨȺĺģһһ
ǵʨȺԱĿɹۣѪԵϵܰš
СʨӽqʨȺԱ׳ȸ꣬Ƭ̫õqػ˺ܶ꣬ԭϵʨȺܶ࣬qãʨȺزǵΪĿЩӵĻԱϡ
ǣԼأԿʨȺ˵ס
qѾߺͿʨȺһغϵֻԱһֻĿͶ˻˿ء
ռ˸˿أô꣬ʨȺء
ȋqֻĸʨqСʨӻδֻĸʨǡ
qһֻʨ˿ߡ
˿¼֮ǰ͸˿δйȋqø˿ܴ
qҪУǺܽƻ
Ҹ˿ڲԭԶʵԲͨһ
ȸϵ˿أҲѾˣqż˿ôҪҵܷʱ䡣
qڸ˿شţϾãĸʨڸ˿زԣ˳Լζ
·СǿֻĸʨУȫٶȱߡ
ȋqӿŲϵqߣͷ˲q˵˰ɣ˿سࡣ
๷ڸ˿˱ڲԭϴͼԭʳ⶯ע⡣
qȻҲ˵ˣȋqأǵҲ࣬Ҳܽƻ
һ˵ʨȺά˵͸˿ǰ£Ͷ˸˿
ȋqqһֻ˵ûۼ
ۼΪʵΪ飬qȻжСϢάûֵãضˣ֫ӻʨȺ
ʨȺĸʨǷ׷׶ά˱ʾĿǰΪֹʨȺûĸʨԸСʨˡ
άҲʨȺʾãʨȺĸʨһϣʨȺ
ʨȺʨqϡ
ȋq˵Ǵԡһ̵ַ˵߰ײеĸ˿Ȼһ𡣡
ǿϹȥɣҶеǸˡ
˵㡣ȋq죬۾
qȋqĳ룬Ҫģȋq
Ҫ̰档
q˻ȋq͵ͷû˵ʲôֻ΢qĲĺ档
qϵĲϵ˿ʱѾˣʱ·ֻĸʨӶˣڸ˿׽һֻҹʳ
ҵĽܴqϰ۾ܣĽ˿°ͰɫëѪȾ죬qʱѪա
һٺqһȵһҵʯͷ
ҹյķѹѹģԶĻҪһ
qϰ˺ҹĲԭģЩ⡣
qԼȋq㿴档
ȋqվߣqָʾķȥһء֮ܳΪĶڵԸߵĵطСţһֻӴС
սԶСı׼ӴСǻһξ롣
ʲôȋq̲סʡ
֪ҲڲԭûмĶqѾƽֱġ
ά˵ģ͸˿ǰ£ôڵĵط˿ӦҲڡ
qȷŽг̣Ъһᣬȥ
һҹ٣ѻյĴģܴȫС
ĳȿĻţͷϸ̲סƿ½ȷ硣
˿ߣŵϵɢζ
ζ񾭣˿צӵ¡
ԭ
ʩʩȻת
ǰ֫ƽţ°͸档
ע⵽ߣĿһۣ˿û˯⣬
ʶסѵ֦ڵͿһ
ɰͰһ⣬°ھţûע¶棬ô˯
ԭϴ󲿷ʳ߶ϲҹҪ˿Ϣ첶ԡ
Ҳŵ˯þһʨȺˡ
Ȼø˿ǶʨȺ˿ʤ㲻
˿ۣĴϵϸ
˿Ļϵζԡ
˵ͦģ˿ûиκλӦ
Σװ˿·ڷ
˯СҪ壬㹻ʳ﹩Ӧǳ˯ʱ䡣
ڸ˿ߣ˵ҡҡλߵߣһͷ䵽¶
СƤë޷ëȥ̼͵Ͱһ
ʹʧָ̬סԴϽ°ڳڵʵ
һϵеĶŪ߷֡
˿ҲãһСϸСĴ̣̽硣Ťͷͷ򼹱Ƥ궯ƽϢ
ʨȺˣǶһȥǡ
Ϊ˿ûղ˵Ļ
õ˴𰸣΢΢³Ӧĺˬ죬á
һᾡġ
ǣϣҲܰȫҪ㡣
֦Ųݵأ֪ģû㣬Ҳѡ
ѱǡ
ڸ˿ֻҪҲҪ
˼ҪʨȺ۸ˡ
Ϳ̫Сﲻ˸˿æ
뵽ͻȻ꣬һСӣҺ㳤󣬳ĴģʨӸܣº׳־վܵʣµĸ߽⣬ŵ˺¶ǡ
⣬ľԽ죡
ͷΪԭŵˣЦ
ĿᣬĹⱻĲղõһ롣
˿ʣʨȺҸռҵأȥһ𣿡
һɣ˻Ƕϲûú֮ǰһԸ˿˵ԼҪߡ
ҹ˸ĴԿʵ뷨ҲҲᡣ
ǳңңҲԸ⡣
˵꣬Ĭˡ
ø˿Ʋ
һֻܵǿߵС࣬˿û˵
Ǹ˿ʵģõϵĻش𣬸˿ˡ
ֱǰ֫ٻĿڵԻٶȴ
ʵࡣ
죬ά˰צ£˵Ҫѡǿǿߣȥˡ
˿ܱ֤ʨȺqȋq᲻Ȥ๷ʨ˿Կˡ
֮ǰ˵ЩǼ١
˿β˦ҲǵƤȺ¶ȣûüҧһڡ
УĵףҲûᵽ
˿βҲƽվߵߣܽϢɴϸϡ
̲סס䡣
ᡣ˿˵


21
˿¶
Ϊ˿ͬһʵɵһַŭ
˵ʵֲ
෢ȵĶ䣬šûлá
Ҳշתڸʳ⶯ġ֡
ӳԵĳųŵģбţӰŷཡ
Сɵӡ
˿΢ĳȣͷĽų쵹أͷ쳤ͷ
˿Сӣ´βô࣬
ڵŤŤצŸ˿ĺ롣
ͺһ˯ĺ졣
˿ҧסĲߣСķȥ
˿Ϳ˯һ
һᣬʳŬСܵߣӲȣ˯ɣ
ȷʵҲˣ׼£ҧ½ǣ˺͸˿˯һ𡣡
еͷĳЩļȷʵ̫ˡ
ͼ˵ûʨӣ١û˵Ļɤ
Ϊ˿
Эűͷ˸˿ߣѧˣ͸˿м䵱񵲣һ˯ٲʵҲ
м䣬һϢȵȥʪСӺͺ
һὫͷڸ˿Ĳྱϡ
ãű۾һֻצӺϡ
˯죬ŰצӴÿ
գʵɸһԲΣмź˸ţſһС
˿ľʢܣϢһᣬָܻ
˯ʱֻҶͷĶϡ˿ͷƹȥߡ
˯ա
˿ͷȥĶͷţ°ͺʹš
ͻƵľԽԽ˿ָϸܵĴС
Ѿܽˣͣס΢΢̧ۣ۾ɵĹԲĿ
֪ʲôʱˡ
ڿŸ˿Ϊ
˿ϸϸӣеҪԵʵʳ
ɸ˿ֲҪԵࡣ
ֱͦ׼˿ҪҲһֳԷ
Ȼⲻǿ֪¡
˿뿪ߣͷ˯ɡ
ӿ˿˿û˵ʲôſںϢ
ΪʨȺԭϸ˿ûȥѲأҪ̺ߡ
ŵĿԡ
˿һȼյĻѡ
qǣ˴µķôѻᱩ¶ķλ
˿ϲԴУȿʨȺΧϡ
˿ڸѲһʨȺҪǶߡ
Ϳʼæµţͷ֦ʯ飬Ҵ̵ľѾ֦ϡ
˵
عӻסֻСǰĶ
塱ҡҡͷһֲֵӡ
ƬСҲ࣬塱ȥ̽һ¡
˿ǰû֮ǰܡ
۾ƿһܺǵģ˿
С棬ҲϾԡ
ǶӶʨȺŶЭǸܵЩʳߵѹ
ڸ˿ߺ󣬿ѧƽʱ˿Ϊ±ԵһȦûз
ŪһɱûôġܿʨȺǺǻں͸˿һӦҪ˿
һҹߣqԽԽԭ˰죬ʹǶⲻҹĿ
qͺͷʨſڿݻƵĲݴǵëɫܺܺñݴأqȹ۲졣
˺ܳʱ䣬qͻȻ֧ȣǸϣ˻Ӱ
ϧܿڲݴޣqûпȥ
qȋqǸӣĵطûڵq̫ɹķңһͷʨӣΪʲôҪһ
۰ãqĽͣǸ˿ĵ̣ҪϤ
óȻȥ׷һ㵽ǿĵطȥ
ȋqΪ⣬˾ˣ˿Сӿ϶ϣҧǼֻӣ˿϶
qȋqĲ̶ֻͬԸ˿ҪԲ֪ңû⣬ɵġ
qûۼ࣬ҷ๷޺ʨά˶ûֵκκô
УҪȴŻᣬȋq
˵ʲôqȋqͷ˦ͷqߣվȥ
q⿴ڳԱſɺ棬û˵ʲôƬ¡
Ĳԭÿһضů̵ģqſ촭ɢȣԱҲǱ̫ɹЩͲס
q˼ҪҪȴʨȺȥѰˮԴ
ſߣqȋqˡ
ҸղҪ˵󡣡
qĴƵ뵽ȋqǸֵĸʨӦôĸʨġ
qͷĸʨϣȥȋqڸ˿ܣµġ
֪ȋqˣĸʨ׷վΧqߣô졣
qһȦĸʨȥ
ܰȫҵȋqһҲû£qԺ󶼲ٰʺϿСʨӣ
ȋq֪ԼʧqǴ鷳
һͷԭصȴ˿ҪĿ꣬ߣĿ£Ҳܼࡣ
ȋqڿʨȺҲǲԵһѺ֣Ǳ˵練ƣ̧ͷڿţŵڻζ
˿⸽ãҪԼ£ҧ̣ٿǸһҧʺϴؿʨȺ
еţһҵӣֻŻΧߣɳɳ

ӣվ±Ե̽£ûȥֱ͵ӣ󱳷ɿתͷһݻɫƬ̾״¶ţ
ǿ̽Ѿá
жûжķǿͷΡͷͷΣܶڱֺ󣬲Ϸ˻˻sҪ
еùȻڽ˶ߡ
С㣬϶Ѿݴˣڳ˹ԣźܺˡ
֮ǰߣҪڹףߣߵĸͣӦǲԭĹĸߡ
ֻСҲߡ
˿˵߲Ҫȥ棬һҪܣжҧ˻
ͷܡ
ͬʱһġ
ͺٿ˿׷׺ˣҲź˵һܡ
ĸϣ߹ٶȺܿ죬УǶˣ߻ȥ׷ס
ܵԹԶҴûȥǡûоš
ûôˡ
ŵģһܴá
ֻСһȥļ΢΢и߶š
ĸ߿ʼ쳤ž룬Ӷеȥߡ
ûСԣȫעԸ
߱赲ͼͣۼֿһһӵԡ
ȵĻ̵ߵβͣӼ䶯뿪ѡ
ûάӣֻСּҴܻ
ڵϣѸܵȺ󣬿־忴ûڵ³ڡ
ʨӡӵ˵
Ϊǣ밲ǲ£µʨŹ̤룬Ӵβ˦ţխЩʨһ˫ζ
ԴһЩֻİʨӣ϶ҪĺѲ
ӦҲǿʨȺĸʨ
С
˱۾
ȋqߴ̤һ̱㶨ϡ
Ǿడ
⻬ļɫïܵͷŴһϣ촽ţܼ͵ģﻹһֵӡ
ֻС󣬺ĸס
ҲӦɫμ޷˵ǰ
⸱ʥĸԻȋqУÿ
ĸʨƽҪҪͻȻϮҲˡ
ͷĸʨûпŵ
ȋq۶࣬ҪؿʨȺ
Ͽϵ⣬ȣ̫Ҫȡ
ȋqһעƴŤ߶ûע⣬ȵ˷ʹӳЩһѶĸʨǰ֫ߡ
ȋqŷ϶һߣʹȋqţ̧ǰ֫ƴ˦š
߰Ѷעĸʨڣʱۼֿ죬סӣһͷߴߴλãѹϥ£ֱӼͷߵĸݵ
߱ͲڵŤš
һ˲ĺ뵭Ȼ֯ƴϻĸ˿׽ĽŲһ˲ͷһڵϵĸʨѹסбŭһ׺ĸʨ
ڿʱķצӡ


22
˿κص㣬Ծչÿһ鼡ⶼʱкХķ硣
ĸʨʹ󣬹ĸߵĶزĥҲʹࡣ
ҧ˿ںۣĸʨվ͵צӺܿʼ
߶˿һץסҧ˼˿ϣצӹҽƤȮݴ̽ļ׵
ʳķʽҧļ׵ȋqҲַʽɱڵʹ
쳤ĺܴ󣬺ʼ
ȋqצŵطת˿ѹڱ£ûû취ʹҧļ׵צӺȮƤȋqҪŤͷȥҧҧʹʹļ尾
ֻ޵ʹһδҲ㹻ƬȾѪζ
ĸʨϵѪµĲݵأʨ뱪ӣýµ
Ҳܵպ֦ɱȋqĺצ߷ɣĽȼ˼Ĳݴԡ
Сţ֮ǰ˿๷򶷣ڶԱ£ʱ˿ġ
ҳĹ£һ
ȋq
ķһͷȴ¸ͷҪٴһЩĸʨ½½ͷĸʨ
һֻҧжĸʨŸ˿ܴӮֻ׳õĸʨ
һԵĹľԣֻСӲؽȥ
ȋqqྱƤ˿ҧס屻˿ѹţȋqӱǻӿѪڴ˺Ƥʹͼ˿Ŀơ
ñ˿Ū˺ۣqϷͺвȲĸʨ룬˹ȥ˿ĺȡ
ĸʨȮݻ˸˿ĺȣ˿ҧȋqţȋqڵ
qܲ˹˿ôֻȋqҲˡ
qģҲû·
˿Ȼ˵Сˣqȥҧ
ֻĸʨqĹ˼ɣӲͬ򹥻˿
ֻĸʨѹȸжɤӷɬԭ³Ѫȵս
ֻ󼦱ȦĶŵųҪߣצ˩סһֱڽС
ֻĸʨ˿ƱҪҪĸʨȋqȋqѪĽëͶϣճѪ˿ɫӳĸʨӰȫɱ¾Ϣ
ڹľԵķ϶пĸʨΧ˿ĳ棬̲ס˶С˵ô죬˿һ˵ġ
ҲܽһҪӹľԳȥ
Ͷߣֱ۵ס̴壬ڵѸץ˼ڵҶľѣס̵Ӱ
ղֻĸʨӺȋqӦñҧĸʨӵ֣óͷĸʨӺȋq
⼸ֻʨӣ²ҲҪˡ
ܾ˵³ãҲصء
°ȥ߶סͣУȋqҧˣٴȥܿͻ꣬ظ
Чֻĸʨȫͣͷĸʨ̧ͷǰ֫ǰҲȾѪ
qղֻȋq˿ҧסûע⵽صࡣ
ĺqŭзֳһЩǡ
еȷʵһߵʬ塣
qͷȋqȋqֱϻ˿һܵ˲ңߡ
qɤȫѪζ˻ǼȥҪø˿ҧã漸ҧг˵ڡ
ܵ˿ߣȷʵܲң˿ĽצȋqĸϣȋqĲྱҧסһֱø˿ϵ
ȋqͦڣȷʵ
q˵ҿ԰ȋq߶ųһҪ뿪˿أ̤롣
һqܳԿҪ
˵ȋqҧˣܾһȋqˣȴ̤˿أʧҵãʲôûء
࣬Ƕɵ𣡡qŭһ
ͻȻʨŵ΢һ˿ע⵽˿ɿȋqĲྱҲʾqȥӺзƵ
ķצƵĸȽȋqĸϣȋqһйʹࡣ
qıϢ١
ſɼ״ͼӺҧסβ͹
˿ٵһתǰצŰſɻȥſɶʱǱϱ˿ץ˼Ѫӡ
Ϊȋqš
ſɵͺ˻qߡ
˵Ϊ࣬а취߶Ƴٵʱȥȷʵ޷֤Ƿܴȥ
˿ΧһȦĸʨٴοqҵرҪôҲ⵱ҧĺ
qĸʨȋqҧ¡
Ҫսپ̫ܵྪţ˿ء
qԥǷ࣬˿ȮһϮȋq
qø˿ͣ£
ͣ£
ҡqҧгݣ߶ҴӦ㣬뿪˿ء
æֹסĸ˿˿ȷſǿ̸С
̸У˿˵ԭֻǿʳȋqǸҧһֻûʲôʧ
Ļ̫ſ񣬿ԼƽצµĲĸʨȋqһֻӡ
ڸ˿Ĺ׽ȋqҧʳ⶯׽ôĶҲҧ
ڲԭˣÿʱÿ̶Ҫ١ңĸʨȋqֻֻ̺һ࣬ȴ⵽ҧѲʲô
Ψһֻ
˿ڲԭ
ĸʨǣʨάˣ๷ޣצµĸʨȋq
˿졣
ҲϲԱĶ¶
˵ʨȺǿῼȥʨȺ
ô˿ҧʨȺĸʨ
ѡǿߡ
ңڸЩ޴ʨӡ
˿ִУദоˡ
ǲø˿ҧȋqҧȋqñռ˿صĿʨȺӷŭ
ܺƽ⣬Ըȥ
ִڸ˿޴צϣŵҲܵκ˺
ĳ˵
˵˿ıɡ
ֻ˵˿ǱɡҲˡ
˿û˵Ŀ
Щʪ۽ޣһֱһˮϸ
ʱһһ˼ԯޡ
˵˿ȋqһؿʨȺ̤أǷǳĽס
֪ʵڲԭҲǱϾֻʨӡ
һκ䵽°ͣ˿ڴе̵ͷһˮ

ӪҺһǧƿˣллλѣӸһ[]


23
࣬ͷֲܴڣĵͬСԹεͷϵ⣬ɸ˿Ķᣬ࣬ͷһƬҶ°ͣͬҶ࣬ͷ¶ȡ
ʱ˵ĶʹȻ
ãȻ̧˿ղλãһ⡣
͸˿˵أͻȻ
⼸ֺ͸첲ǶѺõĶǵһα˿
ԼǱղǷжˡ
ʤ׷㲻ùܣ˵
ס˿ĽצĽצȋq̧ڵצ£ո˿˳
˿ͱȲԭϴ󲿷ֻҪýȵȋq߹ǶҪˣѹȣȋqڴϢš
qߣͷȋqϴСС˿ڣж˵
뵽ղq˵ĻԣҵҪԶ̤˿ء
ֻ뿪˿ء
֮ЧͬⱾ⡣
qƯ΢Ȯݽţ¶մȋqѪ⣬ྫֽ档
q˵ȋqҴӦ㣬̤˿ءԭϳ˸˿أֲûˣqҪȱȫá
۾ﻹвΣq˵qһ˵㻰
˲ã˲ɣqҪqԥӦˣҲӦóԼ̬ȣϿȋq߶
ʱ˿ƽ˵˾䣬ڡ
ЦЦ׾
˿ĺܿס
ڶʱ塱ܻϣ΢ȫˣס֦ߣӷ϶й۲ڵĳ档
Ϊġ
翴ƹȥš塱˵壬Ұѵ
Ӧٻӹľһֻͷ
ʨȺȫֻͷʨӿţ塱Ҳѹվԭأ˫ƽ棬һһıǰҵֱ͵
˿ͬػߣ塱굶ֶԶԶġ
ȋqſڵϣĿɢ
Ա߾˼âݵҶӣҶţıҶ߲Ѫۡ
˦˦֣˦ϸ΢ʹ⣬֯Ƴһȋq׳ǰ֫ڰɫƤëҵҧĵطѾЩˡ
壬ûȼһ֦ù
ƺг񣬹Ķͷڳϸ˫¾룬ǰ֫ͷòϵϣֹಿλ͡
qȋqƿߣࡣ
ֻĸʨҲ䵽ϣעȫq˿ϣϾ˼ϵߺʲôĺ塣
塱ڸĻȥʲô塱ɡ
ٴսսĸʨ·Ū˸Ż֦͵û翾棬Լｨ裬׼׳ǰ֫ҧĿӡ
qܿĵǺܷĶԽʵҪʲô
ƤӶû̧һ£ӺĴ³֣Ŷ˵ţȋqǰ֫ϻһ
һСû˿ȋqµ˿ڴȋqӴ嶶˶ͷģпԼǰӰص
ָѹ˿ܣɫѪ˿ѹ˿ܣֱɫѪתɫ
յˮ
塱һƿˮĺĬˮϴȋq˿ڣ˿ڿܻ߶
Ұ⻷ִᣬ߶Ѫˡ
ߵĶǿʨӵʹ󣬾ųӦöȋqӰ콵С֮죬ͷζģҲûǿ
վŷеˣûվסһ˿վסıȣȻָ֪ɴٰѵҲϡ
֪ᴩԽԭżڿϧûжҩ
Ϳϣɴϣɴϵ˸ᣬһжˡ
æŸȋq߶ʱʨȺĸʨûٿ˵ֱȋqǰ֫ϵİɫ߶ûˣ
ȋqɱδߵ񾭶ػӰ
ϵĺϱƳŵı죬ź飬ÿ
߶ˣҧʱҲ̣߶Ķغеĳɷֺܶ࣬Ӱ֮ġգĸʨʵʵţһ
ܽᣬ˯ɣлָ
qˣȋqıӣбϢţô͵ȋqûѡ
q۶ߵĸ˿β͵Ļǡý棬ͬΪqô᲻ռʮʾ뾯档
ܵqζĿ⣬˿΢һʨһڿн㣬﾿ЩʲôֻԼ֪
q뻨˿أȴƬϹʱƽ
֪ʨȺҪǳһֱǰ˿һ鷳
ͷڻ˯ȋqҪѣ㳹׽һ鷳
˿ȋqʱĴĻȼ˼ݲݣеѾˣеĻûУƶϽ۶һڰ֦֦ϵҶӰѻ
ɢĽζ̫ţڱǰţϸ˵ˡ
ֻ̻ڹľܹԶûгȦƺѾˣڼһ
ִ˴󼦣󼦵С۾һ£ֱϡûǾǱŵˣĸʨ뿪ӦûỺ
ջ֣ŷһʨڿ
⿴СԴĴӹľð
ܴĸʨ߶ˣټϸ˿ûںĸʨͻڰˣ̽СԴޣ˿һ
С۵ûзİſɺĸʨһ嶯վſɿ崦ֻСԴڹľԵķ϶С
ᣬ½½ðë׵СԴ
ֻСͷմ˼ƬҶ
ʹҡԴŰҶͷҡȥ
ڿǵĸʨǣɪһ£˿˵ĸʨߣ׳ӣûʲôµġ
ԺҲҪһֻܴĸʨĻҪʼϰ
û뵽ȫˡ
ȥԴУ֪ҺС˵Ǳ𡣡
Ҳܼ򵥣ˡ
ӹľ͸˿ţĸʨǲҶ̡
СĿܵʣµĸ߽ߣʼá
ƿˮϴϱҶ˵Ŀӣ˿ߣмɫ˿ڵģĻմˮʱٴ࣬ͷġ
Ȼ֪ԼôУ΢ֲڵ࣬ͷ֣˳ֱӵļᣬһе
ԼղŵķӦסˡ
˿ûᣬƮֻһ¡
о˲Ծ
ˣ˿󣬵ãǳ˺Ǵ𰸡
̫ˣǽ˿ڶˡ
ǣģ˵ðͷ˿ǿˮ𣿡

Ҫ[]


24
ĳ汻һ仰ƻ
˿ϻΪɬ⡣
ԷȻҲղŵĽ⣬˿εˣڡ
ӱǻﳤ̾һ㡣
ָνģҡΪ˱ʾû£ֶ¶һЦݡ
˿еĻɫӭ⣬ΣвκεЦһ
վʱָͼļ˿ߡ
qһֱעŸ˿֮Ļ˵ĻҲ뵽q
ڲԭϣ붯֮ĸǸӶģƸ˿ǸƱһԵ£ڲԭȷʵڡ
ΨһöǾȵģİһࡣά˵Ǹ˿İ¡
qţ̫
ԭĴ˵ʱ߶´̫ãõĽٵԭqƵᡣ
ڣq룬˿ˡ
ζǻ㻹ǲľ㣿
ſȥȋqմŵqһֱڿķ
ſɺqqڿʲô
ûʲôqŤͷſڵϣ˳ȋqļϵ˿ڡ
ֻĸʨΧȋqqߡ
ŵƢ𱬣ôԶ˿أȋq˳˵ȴӦԺ̤˿ء
ƫƫ˿ֻ࣬Сžҡ
ʨȺʵߵﶼԱ๷ģСʨȺܡ
ûɱ˿۸мҲܻصĿ档
ŷŵq˵qǲҪʲôĳŵڳŸ˿ע⣬ҧ
ʹǸ࣬Ҳҧ
ܿ챻q񶨡
ҴӦǣšq˵ҲһΥŵĸʨ
ʹڲԭܵЦ
ŵ˭⣿
ԭ޳ܵĶܶ࣬ңȋq˳ȫǸ˿ǸĴ
ˣҪ˵ˣq΢΢Ҳ΢΢
űһӻûqβͷĸʨҲqĻ
ſȰţqѡ˾ȋqҪľ
qǿʨȺľߣҪǵĸȫ档
ſܿqвʣǻ˿׺̶ҲԶǵһͷĸʨĴʨȺĲԻСʨӵĸʣȋqǳϦദſҲȋqˡ
˦βͣ俴qͰſɡ
û磬ſš
ֻ۽ǵβƳڸͿҩ¶Լ⡣
ţлᡣ
ҧǸµࡣ
ûٹעĸʨǱ߷ʲô£ϵĶߵᣬѶãٰѻ£ûĸʨǱ߷ֿ
ֻСԺ⣬Ϊȫλϵë
ʱ߽ĶȾѪ˿ߣצӣ˿ССӰţϵѪ
ڣɱߺ͸ĸʨȋqŶпտҲ±ŵĵѾˡ
ȥ׽㡣
и˿ţӦû¡
뷨͸˿˵ˣزϵͣߵʬ廹λε
ķţצһԶԶġ
ߵʬ˦ľӵԶԶġ
۲ߵµգ˼˻ãеӦˡ
һϵĲʹ˿֪ߵߣβɨ̬ӣ
㲻ߣ˿ʵ
Ѳõӽšö˾Ͳˡ
ԭ๷ʨӣҲ»öˣ˿ʱʱôսľˡ
·ûв˿βңβѭ˵β΢ΪqΪ˿⸱̬ҫԭϺպġӡֻζˡ
q볰Цֻǻqδš
ͻȻڣſɣЩڡ
ſΪqںڲ˿أѾҲûá
˦˦ͷq£̫ģһжõģq
ֻںڣûռ˿ءqź
ſɾˣqqദʱܳq¶ԣſŲ²⣬qΪ𣿡
ſɳϣqҪģشȋq˿ڵʱȷʵҫۡ
Ǹ˿İ£֪ġſһ䡣
qӦ˲̤ƬأԼ߳ȻԺûκν
¡qظ֣ſɣҲɢʱ򡣡
ſɳĬˣϣqֻؿʨȺΪãʲôĸ顣
˿̧ͷ˿̫Ѿˡ
Ŷȥ׽㣬ҧסקľ
ȥ׽㣬һ
ǲǴŻءһ֣˿ȥ׽Լھͺʨһ
˿ҲвٵĲ˺ҧˣ֮ǰϵ˿ûоκδˣ˿ڱԵûлָã췢ףϸܿƤ⻹ܴ
ãԼȥɣϵմˮõ˿ʯͷԵСӣ˵ѪմһϸСĲݼ⣬õ
׽㣬ͻ㴦˿ڡ
ƯƤë˲ٿӣŶۣ̲סུϸ磬Ҫ˿ʹ⡣
˿֡ӳʼǺձ飬ص˸˿ˣЩС˿ڡ
˿צӼݽ˲ݵ
ӣ궯βͼ⸧Ĳ۽ǶϸĲϡɻͣ£ӳŸ˿
û£ҡ˵꣬βͼ٬ɨա
˿̴ֻ̫ĸʨԣ˿΢˽⣬qʱ˺ֻ̣ҪսپΪ׽ʳ
˿뿪գۼʧïܵĲݴûиپܾĻᡣ
ָĥĥΪ˿βͼµĶۡ
ڷСȣҰɡ˳ɵƤ죬ֻצʵ
Ϊĺ󣬶ƤֳԵıģС⵫ڵĽǸС
Ÿ˿ʳַС
΢ţ͸˿ȣСɵҲ¶˳
ŻѣǱߵĶĸʨҲ̧ͷмȵĻղȥŹЦݿҪڻˡ
Ŷסֺø˿һףСӶԸ׽
ſڵ˿ཻ𣿡
ǽʲôء
е档Ŷ˵

[]ΪϼУڲŸ£һ


25
ڳĸʨӶѳֱ꣬˵˵ڵĽù˷ڵĸʨԺ˻롣
ͻ
Ǹ˿κཻ䣬κཻ䡣
ĸʨȵ٩ţû𣬻˿ճ꣬ĵһηڻû
ԭϵĶｻ䶼ڷڣǿ붯̬ķΪΪ˷ܣΪ̣׽£ֵһᡣ
űΪ˳˿Ļȴòĸʨ̲סŲŪŻ̵ģϸϡ
ʳ⶯ԽΣһʹе㣬Ϊˣԭϵʳ⶯ﲻ̫ϲΣ̫ࡣ
˿ͦõģĻǲǣֹ
qĸʨǡа񡱵Ĵ⡣
ڸ˿أΪ˷ֹ˿ѣȻqǼȥԡ
ǲ
²ֻĸʨڱ˵ʲôΪ̯ŶƤֻצСͷͣرģ
ǻ̾һģҪ˿һһҪ
ʳָԲ䡣
ͽɱߣٰڵĸʨǸסͺٶҲ׽һ㡣
ڵϡ
β˦˦ССĲֻצڶƤ£ſߺмķ϶
ȵСĽǵëǺ˺ٵıצӣҲ
Сӻᡣ
ֻСн䱸ĵһССĸͷѧŸ˿̬붺һˡ
棬ȻҲ©뿭룬ȿҡͷһᡣ
ûŹӣͺһ˫ֵġħС
Сһʼŷԣ׷֡
ĸʨ޿СֵĳпqȋqǸϿȥɡЩˡ
˿ûˣűЪţʳʣø˿𣿡
⻰Ӻ˵𣬸˿ҪΪʲô
˿֮ǰ˵ǵѣѵġĺ͡
ǡ̧צº롣
ϸ˿˯һֱ£Ϊ˿ͷ
Ļš
ദУֳʳ֮⣬ϣ˿Ե
˿Ļ̫ˣ˵ıϣҧĶ䣬˿ŲԵ
Դ˳Ķ䲻ᱻҧۡ
û˵˿Ե粵
ĸʨֻһһ磬еЦ
ʲôСӣ˿֮飬͸֪ġŵŻֱֱ
û⣬ȫĶ⡣
ġӣİʾüֻСɵĴ򶷣̲Ϊ㲻Ӧǰ˵Щңô֪Һ͸˿֮ʲôǲ֪顣
Цˣװɵ
˿Ϊɲ
ͻȻȥqӦţ
ĸʨ׳ǰ֫ÿһݴɿݵҶѵ
ֻ̻󣬡˿Ͼͻˣ𣡡
ŰͲú͸˿͵Ҳ֪˿ûдôڿʱͷԽԽͣӣҪ̬
׳ŵӴı̽ͷŰŷûκĺ
ĸʨǶоģվ
ڰ΢΢ڳȮʱq֣צӺԥڰŵĲϣĵͺϲʨȺĳԱţŵƢq֪ԼŴ»ҪΥ˼
q˺бӣq
qֱӽצӰڰŵĸϡ
ſɼ״æͷqͬʱqͰŵĶӡ
޳һ£ҲŹŵţȋqûǲҪ˿ŭ𡣡
˺ֻ̣ôܵһлʲôء
û뵽ĸʨӻֻаŵĸʨ
qŰţ˵ޣŰŻʨȺȥ
ֻĸʨȥ·ϻȫһ㡣
룬Ͱ뿪аſɺqȋqϱȸ˿Ҫơ
޴Ӧˣͷ˶ŵԴţqģȻȥɡ
죬һֱŴȻqΪҲ
qµľջȥӵǰ棬ں棬qʱq˵qΪȋqǱġ
Ŀ޺ͰŵӰʧ£qջߣ
ע⵽ղŰŵϱѸɫ԰׼Ĺǿǰ棬зŭ
ǱǸûйܺðţŵˡqо룬ûǰȫ룬Եϸг⡣
̬ԸĹۣqһͷĸʨӡ
ȻѰŸϻȥˣûôСۣףʨȺʨӲǶġ
q΢΢ף
Щq֣Ĭһᣬͷǣȫ
ȫͲԭ϶ֺܲһqʣ𣿡
˵϶еģҵաԺգգԺ˵±϶һļҡ
±ûеⱲȴĲԭϡ
뵽¶һԳЦݡ

qĬĬһ飬̫ɢ˼ȷʵǰһqֺá
ſɵĽצڵϲ˼£qΪʲôҪɫôĵ顣
ΪqŸϻȥˣ㹻ˡ
ſ⿴˿ˣqqǸȋqߡ
ֻƢҲ̫ãռʮĻqĳ棬һᱬ
ſѾľƣ¶ˣֻȋqһϿ뿪
qûſɵİʾĵ뷨˵ֺá
ɻò˵лл
˿ҧѡķ伸ϣqֺã˵лл
ллôĸʨqĵĿ޶õˡ
һſɾ;쬵ģߵq棬ʾq뿪ˡ
ȻqҲʶˣҧĸ˿˫żȵĲ
qţеЦվ˵ϣԺԳΪѡ
ԼôһĸʨҪѡ
Ҳû棬һ¡
˿ŵ΢ɾĲݴϣᣬܾĸʨջϣǲܵ¡

˵ʵⱾҵxp֮дˬһˬ[]֮ľвøλѲĵط˵һһһ濴[][]


26
ɢʹڸ˿ʪƤëϣqǳɫС
˿ڲݴϵû͸ΪˮڲݴϷ˦β۲
qȸ˿곤࣬ԿʨȺ๷ʳʱ˿ûڲԭϣ˵˿ǲԭÿ궼᳤ɵµʳߡ
çײ
q׼ŭ
˿Ϊֻ࣬ӵеġqƽ˵
ſɲͬqǣվĽǶȣ϶ҪΪq˵Ȱq˰ɣq˿ճ꣬˵Ǹ̡
ȣڶûĸ˿ȷʵ̡
Ѿϵֻ̡
һķչʶԾĸʨͻĶԻԴס
ԣԴ׵Ķ
һѵ⣬ѵҪڶΡս
ֳɹ˿Դ΢΢ŰſɣôĸʨڳС
˿˫ϢʨȺĸʨȫǴΪһֱѹֵĺöơ
˿β˦˼£q㣬ҲڱĶأȥսһСĺ
һۿ˿лɹģʽò׺ƽһأ治ٴ
æܹȥһס˿ıʪƤëϵĶӡʪ
˿βر׳ǺʵָıƸС˵Ҳѵġ
˿Ĺ̬˲߽⣬һβͼŵУбqӽУ˿βͲϡ
ĻȻҲˡ
q룬ֻǺ̵İϷ
˿һס
ȴ
ſ͸˿ܵĻ棬ᣬЩϸϸ̬ſɻҲû
һ˿qվһӡ
ƣ̵İſɵգš
ſۿŸ˿qǰסͷq°ͣˡ
˿ͷûĻſ˵ӷŵͣѿ֮졣
qľḻܿס˿Ϊ˲ٴ
Ҳq룬ⲻ͸˿ͻֻǸ˿ҧҧ̫qҪ̤һ붼С
࣬Ļ
q룬ݳĸ飬ֹܵԭķ
ǵһҲԲһ
qͰſɻصȋqߡ
˿βʹƿqһȺ棬ڣע⡣
˿ʱ㷢qֻʨֻǿܻʨȺҲεѰһᡣ
qͱȻҪƻ
˿ȻŤͷظȋqצ˵Ŀӡ
Ȼע⵽ˣŵģҾ˵϶˿ڣˮ϶ۡ
˿ûκα粵æµӰΪ˿ڣϸ档
רһʱԼ֪촽΢΢𣬵бһǳСС
ûиȥqͰſɳԱе
˵˿϶˿ڣˮۣǻ˵˵ģֲ˵ϲΪûκȤ
վݺݶ˶壬ˡ
qɻȋqߣȵצӰ»ڻ˯ȋqˮۣô֪ô
ԭϵĶﶼ˵ôˡ
۲Ϊܿ˿ķ
ԭĶǼҳ㷹Щ޹أҲûκνֻںǰΪˮ׽Ļ
ҪͿҩ˿ɨqһۣ΢˵õղһúܶࡣ
˫ֶᰴڸ˿ϣ˿Ҫָ̲סڸ˿Ħ£ݽë
ո˿Ҫᴵţɴմȥ˿ɫǳѪˮŪĺ棬ڶͷܳȵķ繴ƬϽǵ˼һ顣
ֱ˲䱻˿ɨգŷָ˿һֱע
ʶ˿ʱǲҿɭɭĮ
ദȥǰˣͻȻ֣˿ʱѾڻˣ͵
ԵǸ˿Σ͵з·𿴵ں˿ģ
˿˴
˿βͼ̧ıɨüġ
˳̧ץסβ͡
βзḻĩң֪ʹ¶ȵı仯
΢乵ġ̡˸˿βͣûĶӡץЩ˿΢΢úдļе˵ϲ𣿡
һر˿βͼɨ
ͷֱ
ŬĴʻ㣬Ա߿ˣ˿ںһֿܺϷ
굽˿£ŤƨɣҲԼϸβ̵˿ϣ˶ϲҵβͰɣ
һϣɿ˿βͣЦãûʲôҪ̻Сӵĸо
Դ˳Լϵβ͡
˿βʧȥ£Լβ͡
һһ㶣ڵϣͷεӶˡ
ûô࣬ĹĵģһֱĸʨŵĵطղֻĸʨȻЦ˿ֻ̡
ˡ
ͷҧסһԲݣٷССĺڶͷҧקһԲݷйŭ⣬˳ϰ˺ҧ
ղžֹʱ·ˣ˰ͷ𱻶ڲϣѾ͸㡣
ɾ󣬼ڻϿš
qͰſȻ棬ţ˿棬ʵʵ
qô׳βĴµ档
ſֱˣСĻ
塱һһһ֦ˣ滹׺űӿ޷ɫСӣͷСȣܱȵġ
СС塱ȭͷô
塱һԼҧס־һ
ܳ𣿡Ĺӵɫ죬һݮζ
ң޶˿˵ǺӺϲʳ
ҧһСڣڸãر𣬳ûбĹζ
ҵģǿȥժһЩ
ҧһҡ
˵ȋqķӦͷĸʨҪļ
Ϣôأצͼʱ鶯һ¡ͷĸʨվΧȋqߣqβסϲá
ȋqŪĶСĹӣվҪ𣿡
ûȋq͵۾ľӰصٷɢ֫ʹҪվܷԺĴԼ´εǰָ࡭ȥ

ðɣbtԺӦûβplay


27
Ǹ˿qǣȋq˵Ļ
һ˿ఴצ£úһϣԴʲôԵζ
ȋqһСᣬַӴڵϣâݱѹһƬ
qϲԶ׼ȥȋq⸱ӵԭ

qòһֵֻĸʨǵĸȥȋqģqȋqԸײһֵ˵࣬һ㣬qӴûһ³ˡ
ĸʨȋqңĴֻǼ
˿һȋqѾ⼸ֻĸʨľʱ͵ָһӲϬ⣬˿ҪߣͷʨѾˣ߰ɡ
Ϊȋqе࣬٣֮ǰǽʱǶ˵࣬ԭʵȺᡱ
ȋqֻˣûָȫ·ѡ
ͷСۡ
ſͷ˹ȋqȋqţ΢΢ͷûиſɻӦУȋq߲ˡ
޹ء˿ĸ֡
˿ûжĶԴһʼҪصĸʨǡ
챻λıӿʼʹſڶԭϵĶﺰ˿ǷǺˡ
˵ʱ
q˵qǵĽ׻ľʲô֪˰ɣΪҪҧΪǶԵġ
Ҳ̫ͬqڵ
qûаſɺߣվȋqǰҴӦһҵվҲվ㲻ߵģ԰ɡ
׸
ҧҧ飬ǲǿԽֻӦÿ԰ȋq̧ȥ
ں˿ˮסʳ⶯ĳЩ治Σٲ϶Ҳࡣ
㣡ſʨ죬۾ǳɫԲΰߵн
qǰ棬ֹסҪŭºͶͣǿ԰ȋq̧ȥֻǻصʨȺ·;ңԶΣգǽִ˵ȋq߻ʨȺ
һ£qܿץס㣬˵ղŰҪ˺㣬ҰϻȥˣҵΪԱ֤Ҳ˺ֻ̡
ţ
Ӧʧֻĸʨһֻ
˿ѯʿĸʨҪ˺
ڸ˿ߣ¶Сݣţ׵ġ
ȻǸˡ̧צӵ˵q
˿ĲҪſɶоˣֻһֱĲѲӡ
q˵ûΪʾһֱسŵɣ˿ǲԸķ˿ͻȻȲֱ⻬Ƥ
żܸܶƽ˿ġ
ǣȥĵط˿뿴Ϊѣ˼άǲһ˿Ըȥ
뿪Щ񶼻ʧqαĻҲӲˡ
У˿Ҳ㣬˺ҧ⼸ֻˬĸʨ
Ȼ˿ԸòˬӦˡ
Ȳ⣬ߵqߣʰæµӰϣż̧֣¶һذװ׵ĬĬԱ£ûڶôϸ
˵һֱӣȰƢôһ㣬qںһࡣ
ղſ𣬸˿
᲻
ζó𣿡
˿ˡȳһôִ
qû£ţֱ׵ĻȣҲ֪ζ
ſȥˣô֮л㡰ҲҪࡰˮˣȣ˼ȋq³𣿡
ʶۻŬ̧ͷȋq粵Ҳϲֻ࣬Ǻζ
ſб̲סһ㣬ſɣҷѵ㲻棡
æµѡһرֵļ֣̌ͷɻĸʨǡ
ſɵȣ㡭ĺ棬ô͵Ÿ˿棬ȥȥɣ
͸˿ҾԲ㣡
ſɺͿʨȺÿֻʨӶദĲһʨȺйϵõС壬ſɶ롣
Ϊĸʨ룬ܿסԼqܿ
˵Ļе죬еģһᣬ˵ſɣεĻҵû
ſǵ嶯ȥҲʶԼ˵ĵĻǸȣȣΪҸղŵĻǸ
֪ģ͸˿һ㡣
ԣҲ͸˿ġ
ȣرڲڿʨȺģǵΪֻӵĸ˿ŭ
ԡͷˣȡ
˵㲻ϲġ
˦˦ͷظǣҲϲ࣬Ǹ鷳Ķ
ɰſ㶮ܰףǰûټϸ˿ʱɧɧãɵĲԣһ񱻾̵һܣһ̲סţǡ
ֻǿͷ˵˼䣬ſôķӦҲú޹
ſߣβʹϣȣסġ
ȺͰſɸղŵqһֱûпڣȵͷʨ໥ԶԷ˲䣬q˵ſ˵Ķԣ಻ڿʨȺ
ǵĶҪǶǷ
ȶqĻû̫࣬ſȴ˼qǾ仰˼ᡣ
Ҫ뿪塱̶ֻܿġΧȥ˿վ±Ե
õôҶӰסߣֻ󼦡
ǵıӰʧʵƽߡ
˲䰲
ѱˣĸʨǿҲòβܣܻڲԭɲصĴ
һһƮС
ȋqıӳ鶯£صһ˿ɡ
ſע⵽æñӶ˶ȋqıӣȋq֪˭𣿡
ղȋqòۣһࡣ
ſȋqûȫָ
ȋqĿɢһᣬ۽Ƶſɵıӣٶĵ
ȋq죬϶ſɡ
ʲôʹתͷqȣˡ
ءҼġ࡭
q˵ߡ
ȋqôܸӡ
qû˼Ƕȋqʲôôûеõѡ
ȋq۾ǰ֫۵İɫʲô
˵ɴ˿ڵġſɸ͡
ȋqǵã£࣬Ȼһ߸ҧˡ
ǵзĶ⣬밴ǰ֫ĴС
ȋqɵ˵ҡ
ſ˵ǰɡ
֪ߺûһᣬȋqˣ˿ȥѰµŵ㣬ͷ˼ĵط˿ע⵽ʣã
á塱Ż֣ճһֻҧһڣմҵ֭ˮ̸᲻ãͦġ
Ҫ˵ãֻ᲻㡣˾Ц
Ÿ˿ܱЩʳ⶯ʳ
˿Ĳһ㣬ĬĬá
ǡһ磬ɬͼᶨɢڲԭϣÿط


28
˿ٴҵĵطһʯС
ïܴ׳ɡ޴ɡ״֦໥ţڲݵһƬӰ¡ʯʯǿҰݺϸľ
ϦʯͷһƬɫâ
ֲڵʯͷ¡
طͦģ֮ǰôûѰʯϣڽȥ˫պ̲סŽš
վ棬Ľŵȥ
˿ͷʯϣ΢΢ţιΪǰ͹һ㣬üۼЦ⣬˫һǰһؽ档
ʲôһ֡
ʨȺغܽ˿ص
ε˫ͣ£ʨȺõĻʱ֡
ά˵ʨȺ
˿ʯͷԱ߰һЩʯãǡ
ʱˣüʨȺĸԺߡ
档ĺ£ʯϵβȦס󣬡ģһᱣ㡣
㲻ϲҿҡ
˿ûά˶¡
ȥڣ˿緢ˣϲ죬ϲȼմĹ⣬йаȫУ˿ڴ˵ͣ½š
άͷʨʨȺеѲߺصãʱ󲿷ֱЩռ죬£˿ζ
˿֪άǸĸʨʨάˣʨȺĸʨȸø˿ɵ֡
ͷĸʨͺܴڲԭкܷḻľ飬˿Թο
ʨȺĸʨҪæŲ̣Ȼǵȫ˿ҧˡû̵ĸʨǺܿ뷢ڣҲάڸæ
Ÿ˿Ȼѡʯţ˵аգͦõģȴϼ졣
ٴѿȣ㸹
̵ֻʳԽԽʣµĸ߽ûʣ¶٣ϣΪ˱֤ʳʱ̳㣬˿ҹɫȥԡ
һߣԶмǺ̶ֻٻԼߡ
塱ԣβͣһβϷëż
ҧĿȰѿˮӡ棬ٺͿʵһ°͸ڶԷıϰۡ
ǺܿԶˣʯϻ˯һݼ쵽ֱͦıɦţ̧סݼⲻˡ
˳ŲݼϿǹŵʯϣɫ䣬ͷһֻųĲҶ̧ͷʱ¶һЦ
ʶǣͷĸʨѺã͵͵ڼ·ǰ֫ſǺߣߣ
ûֻȱ۵Сӷ
ǵǴһצӣлģʽǻҪ߸˿㴳أ
ֻҪ˿ڣǱ㿪ʼ˫ֳʯ棬Կ˵С治ӲʨȺֻĸʨڸ˿أôȥǡ
ץסص㣬Ҳ֪
ǺʨȺŪôĶǿͻᴫԭˡ
ֻСϵëըˡ
ûƤĶǻӶצӣ׵Ĳˡ
˼ǣվǵֱȸĽӴ˼±뿪ǡ
վֻСǰ棬ǻǵģֱȸ˿Ҫģ˵ʲôζջֽڱ󣬡ֻСġ
˵ûûأϰˣ˳Ļ䣬ҿ
һ죬ţת˼£˵ʲôҿ
ޱ鿴룬̸
Ǵʯߣ塱ܵʯͷ϶ţֻСһȫ
ȥСֻһ͸˿״
뿪뿪ʲôҸεĵط˵ͻȻ˫ץסĸ첲һ£ֱ˼£¾ĽҺ
۾ɴˡ
Ƿ
֣ѧģ
ٺɫĹâϣûĵǾǡ
ССҿ˿㡭㲻ϲ𣿡
˵ˡ
˿ôse顱
סͷϲϲ¡
֪֮УڽΣΪϲʣ´βҪˡ
ǾǲϲǴ۾£ֻϲ˿㡣
˿ϲҪȣѧղʯϡ
Ƕռ
ЦˣҪ𡣡ֻ˵һ´βҪˡ
ҲԼ˵Ļ̫ʣѡ˿֪˭Ȳϸ˿ķ辢أƾ˿ӵһƬÿʨȺ۲أǾͱȲˡ
򴽣⣬㣬һؼҵ·һ취
ֻŶ˿ȣ˵ȥǿ档
ָһᲱӣʯа׾롣
ɨֻ׵ӣ¶Цǣ⬡
Ჱ£̾һ䣬͵͵ġ
ûĻʲô취
ֱ˵˵ȥʲԭĶ
˹ˮǣʨȺϵʨӡ
ԭϵĸ˵ڲԭ˹ˮһȺ͵Ѿİˣؼңһʡ
ģ˹ˮôĸȥͣⲻص㣬Ƭԭǳܹ͵ġ
ץסϣˮ˹ˮڲԭľͷʳ⶯ȥʨӶȥˮȺܼӴ󣬸ˮСܱȵġ
㣬ȥ˹ˮ򣬱ܲʳ⶯ء
·Ͽ˵ء
ƾһǵﲻ˹ˮġ
˵˹ˮΣգʣ˹ˮĺԶ𣿡
۾ǵġ
ȥϣ˵ģȥʨȺʨѯʡ
ǰʨȺнѺùϵȻЩʨͷ๷ɾˡ
϶жʨӰѺӣһ
˵еѹҪô̤֮·ȥ˹ˮҪôʨȺȥѰҵڵĺۼ
ᵽʨȺִĿǰΪֹǣûһʼʨӡ
ںڰУǱ죬޶˶ʱʱصĺҲ֪¾
Ը£ʨӣҿ԰æڲԭϣҲмѡڰǽǡ
˼ѳš˵ʨӣʨȺqУسŵһȥ
ǵβһӴȥqqĹϵʲôʱôˣ
Ҫռ˿𡣡
ȋq֪qԲһͷʨӡ
һºqӴĳֲqӣҲ
ҪˣqͷԽӽĸʨqһʲô˼
ǲ󣬡qҲ̫ϰɡ
ʨȺĸʨ䶼̫󡭡
㻹ȥʨȺĸʨȡǲ˵
תάˣĬĬԼ񶨵յĸʨǺ͸˿гȥһᱻ۸
û۳ǻҪע˿ûлݴﴫɵĽһˣ´μ˵
ҹɫУ䰫صδʯȥ
ص£ĸʨ´˺ܳʱ䣬̧ǰצϥͷ쳤ͷڴϵ֡
໣ŵˡ
ĸʨζ
˿һԲԲë׵Ҳ
˼߾۽ϣ߸˿𣿡
ſ죬һᣬ벻
ϣСĲĴȣС˵Ҳø˿ҰɣҲ
Ĵָ˳ĺ룬ôѽıϣͷ˺üڡ
̹ˣצ̯ƤĴϡ
˵ûãпͺٶˡ
ȥ˵ղŵ飬߸˿
û˿ֻҪζ˿һᷢ֡
СӶ˵Ļˡ
ΪǶ˵ǸΣյĶڸ˿ǡ
Ҫ߸˿ø˿ĸʨǳ׸ϳء
ֻ˵һ䣬Ҳһ졣
ֵסǵ죬ˣˣ˿ûˡ
˵꣬ҹɫУ˿ҧһֻСﻹδɢɱ
Сû˿ڿǰֻڶ棬ϢأµѪ
ֻССǸ˿Ļϰ׽
˵Сԣ׷׶ʩչӸ˿ѧĲԼ
˿ǰ֫°ͶȾѪߵͷţڸ˿ʱᵽŨѪζ
ӻһ֦Ż˿ϵ
ȥСѪ˿ļ米һѪѪʱ֦ûס
ˡüӰóɴѪѪϡ
ܵĽײˡ˿Ƶ˵
һСС˿ڣ̲ס̾ҲҪСš
˿̫࣬ȾҲġ
˿ੲݵĻһһϵĴ壬һֱ볢ζ
£ֹˡ
ֲڴѪζĶ꣬Է¡

Ǹ˿һоƬ̴̼ļѪ
ܵصĺ˿ǰ֫𣬸˿ڵɴݵϣάŹʯ
˿оš
Ǹ˿ٴظţͣʱ䳤һЩʹܰ°͸סϸƬ¶ʪȶȡ
Ƥ£Ҳ⡣
ֲڵĵ̻ʱҹ˲䲶׽Ƕһ͸ˮ뱻ѹȷС
˿ͬȣȶȴ߷Ѫζİĸоʹıȣڸ˿Ҫٴظʱĸ첲̧ס졣
ҲסΣķɫӵ۽ǺͶˮ졣ģۡ
Լ巴ӦɻǹԸ˿Ϊ˼첲ûķӦ
Ӧ˼£͡
鶢ǰ̹ȻĻ룬ѵǱ䡢̬
Ҳ̫Ծ
ϵû˿и˿ԺζղŵһУһ¡
ڻ˵һжʾġ
ƽʱ̵ĸоһ˿צҲڲݵϣСʯ棬צСʯǶڵ
ֻȫ׷СûעԷ顣
˿ϵʱᵽֱϵζŨأĸʨǡ

ǧӪҺˣлλѣ·һ[]


29
˲䣬˿ļ
ڰԼеķӦ
˿ϵ궯ƽϢĸʨҹ㡣侲
侲Ӱȴ˶һֱڽӲ壬˫ϥ飬ֳŵûȥ
ĬĬһƣҲƿСϡ
ţղ촽ģģÿڡˮһ£࣬ⶼˣָϽ̻ȥ
Ÿ˿Ҳס˿ȹ
ĸʨǱȸ˿ΪĸѲ
ͷĸʨˣ˿ʨӣҲĸʨԶԶܣûһҰġ
˿Ҫæܶ࣬ǶֻҪֻҪǲǰεв˿ûôྫȥעһͷûʨȺĸʨ
࣬ڲԭʳ⶯עΨĸʨǣһֱߡ
ܵС־ÿζŸ˿ζø˿ᵽθ֣ϵζǿµġ
˿ĿͶҹɫĸʨڸǡ
⸽
Ҳڣ㡣
˿米ϵѪʧȥɴ赲ϸСѪƯƤë˳
˿ŤͷƤëϵѪǺҡ
ûСͣҺһЩҪ˵û˺ǡ
ֻǣҺ˵Ļʲô˵顣ȥӦԭǱʶΪԼ
ΪڲԭȥŻ˿Ϊ˿ؼҡ뷨ذҡؼҡ·ûҪ͸˿һж
ܵĻƮƮģס˸˿ƽȵĺ
ƽ
ţ߱վĸ˿Ҫ԰Щ
˿ĺ۽ϣġ
ΣյϢ٣
ôΪ˿ܲˣҪҧ
֪һͷײеĻ
Щ͸˿ദԸ˿Ľˣʳ⶯ԴѪУΪദʧ
˫ϰŻġţ˿ҪʲôΪŷڳĿˮ
᾵ʯ飬Խȥţ˿ǰצʯ飬ļ࣬˱£ɫĶͷһֱϸϸĲΪʵĶݳһۡ
˿Ŀ겻Ĳ
ؿţ죬ǴҲ⡣
ʳ⶯ﶼ࣬ţܣ£ʹӿ죬˿ֱ治һ֣˼ƻķ䣬˿־塣
־аӰ
˿ͷ·Ŀ˼£䲶׽ϸСƵʶȻܼ
֮Ҫҳϡ̲סץһСʯʱ˿˵
ҳϣ
˶ӰסһͫףҶ㹻ϣûжġ
Ϊǣ˿ġҳ϶ȡɣô̫ԩˡ
൱ڸ˿յġ¡˿ǻ߱ĸʨ๷֮Ķв
ǲܵġ
ĵԭʼԭû׿μסʲôʲô
𡣡˿ƽʵ
ÿĸʨ͵͵ԼģǣƺôĻſھ
ڶˣ˿ҪҧʯͷϣŬֱ𣬡ġߣϣôң
ϣҺԶټ档ϰҧǣ
ܱ֤ǣҺͿвʨȺҪռء
ͫŷеĹ⡣
ҹĲԭɱ¾оףʯָһͷڣƵıŬԼĴڸУ˿ĶԻΪտĲݵشͬ
Сˡ
ͺſڳȥСҧһӡ
ҲˣҧСһֻӺ괭
˵СɵλЩԶվܻȥ˿ϣһһơ
š
Сݲˣ˲ٿٿ
˿ʲôϷˣ͵͵Ϸ
Ͽ٣Ҳ
ߣߵ㲻ϲ𣿡
Ļû㶨Сġ
ôᣬһֱϲ
Ҫ档ͷҧסһͷͷϸܣͷĵϣܡ˦ţ˦ֻܰŬͷ˿һ㡰ᡱ
Һ͸˿û档ذͷó
˭Ϸô͡
һ뻹úõģһͰצ¡
͸˿֮临ӵûҪ֪
ʱʱȱۣ˵˺ͱ𾪵Ļ
ûϷ
۾ڸ˿תתֻĸʨ㣬˿ˡ
Լ¶ˡ
ȫȻڸ˿ǰͦСظվֱֱĶ˵߸˿ĸʨ
Ļֻø˿Ĳ²õ֤ʵ
˿ļջצӣĸʨǣʨȺõı֤ûʲôãҪҪЩ
ֻСӴҧĳɾ͸ŷˡ
ǵѪվСĶƤϻΧߣ
ͺٲ̫ʳﻹû꣬Сܻظ˿ߡ
̵ֻԺͲ϶մСѪ˿ǰϺѪ
վһĻԭΪ˿Ĺʧˡ
˿춼ˣҲûҪղŵ£ڸ˿˿ʱ˿ܣ졣
˿ûлӦĻֻС˿ϣСҧ˿Ķ䡣
˿һͻڲݵϡ
ע⵽ϵѪѪ̲סѣ˿ŪˣҪС˿ڡ
һëҲø˿ˣŸ˿Ѫ˿ڡ
˿źٵĵС񣬡٣ԺҪ׽ӵʳͲˡ
ŪǺƽ飬еĲʳ˲ӣǻӴ̴ؿԴ
Ĺĸ˿ܣ̵һŸոտʼ˿ҪǳΪԭʳߡΪһֻͨĻʨ๷ҰȮʳ⶯۸
ֻʨȺϻ
˿ĸһǿԶʱİǸϳأȥ̤һԼĲԭ֮·
Ÿ˿۾ڵצȥ֪ˡ
Ҳ۵ģ
ӲŤŶƤҲæͣҲۣͺٽһ
öô¸ңҲ˵ҳˣһᱣá۾ֿҲᱣ
һֻСȸߵС˵ҪĻһ̲ˮ׽ӻĳһ뿪˿أ뿪ԭ
Ҫڲԭ棬ϵ˰̲ʧܵıǣʤĻ¡
㡣
͸˿ƽߣΪǡ
˿Сӣ˿δ̣Ҳǲֻ࣬ճĶǳȵĶࡣ
ĸ׸ϳʱ˿ǲҲܹʨ๷۸ء
˿ٴʱղŵĻ벻죬֮ǰ˿˵֣ÿͶԸ˿㡣


30
˿ƿӵ
תϵѪŸ˿ġǸ˿̫ˣͦģĿǰ֫Ÿ˿̧ˡ
ĬĬ˻ᣬڸ˿ͷʱְƵѹ̲סˣ˿еҪͺˡ
˿ûֻʱʯ֣ԲȴΣաٽʨȺ˿мʨȺĸʨͻ
ڴ̺Ϣ˿ʯϣںҹǣ˫ͶҹɫС
ͷڸ˿ϣ˿ȡѧŸ˿Զͷʱ°͸ڸ˿צϡ
ʨȺĸʨά쳣ʧȥ̺ĸʨ÷飬άҲڵţΨһм˿ӲһɣҲԸά˽ӽά˿ʱά˵ͺ
ά˵ͺĸʨڲݵϣ̧ͷնû˵Į̬ȼά˵ŭ
Դ̱˿ҧά˳Ϊ˲ԭϵЦʨ̴󲿷ԭΪʨȺµʨʨʨȺԭʨҧԭʨ̣Ӷʹĸʨ飬µ̡
ά˵ӶһͷҧˣҵʨȺҲûµ̽Ѿ˵ʨʼʨȺˡ
ά⼸һֻǳʨ˶ëõĸʨǣصʨȺ·ʹά˽
ΪԼܿͻᱻµʨ߱ĸʨϳʨȺ
׶Ϊ˿ͷĻ
£ͷռࡣ
ԽԽϴǱӻأᵽİζȶ˵άˣһͷҪأĸʨʨһͷֻ֪Ұ¿
ƤάˣҲȵĻе߳ܡ
ĸʨڲ׽Ҳȳˣά˼ֻܳĸʨµϺܵս
ûɢ峿ά׽һֻ̤ʨȺصһֻͺܴĸ
άˣʨȺĸʨԻҲȶʳ⶯ʹޡ
άצ°һͷֻƺӸ˿طʨȺͷĸʨ׷άȥ
Ϊ׵˹һʨӵƯһڲбǿĽ׳壬ĸȸ
ȵ߽ʱŷάצµĻǸ˿˹û̫⣬˿ô׾ͱά׽
ĸʨΧ˹ά˰סֻݺ˵ûҵ޻㻹ܹ
ֻùϻǰӸ˿ӳģرʨȺߣҲûȥһƬأֻÿڲԭε˵Ļܲ׽ϵӣ˵ĻһȺҰȮΧ׽һֻС硣
ѾܾûʳĻ֧ʨȺϢ㣬ôά˰צ¡
ϻ۾ﵹӳʨάŨܵëûκĶٺֻ̫ͣˣ׽ʳ
άĽ͸Űһö𣬡ҵĵ׽˭ֻûõĻӣ
֪ά˺͸˿֮ìܣڰԼͷԣ̤˲ԭʹ޻ʨȺء
ƽά˻Ҫ
¿־ĿˮǰҲأʨȺˡ
ʨȺά˰סĴצи˵оˣ̧ԣʨȺأһӦǻ˿أҲѾȥ˿ˡ
άôûq˵Ҫء
ûϸά˻ĺ壬Ͻ˵˿ܽʨȺĸʨʮռ˸˿أ˵¸ͻᡱûаѻ˵̫ףʨȺĸʨഫһ˼
˹һάˣղά˵Ļͷʨһֱʵ˹ڿͷ
תͷȣȣֻ˵Ļ𣿡
ȵ۽Ĺ֣ʱŵ֤ڲݵϣҼǵãʨȺǲʱ̣ǵ̻ĺúõģʨȺĸʨǶһ̴࣬ʨȺĳԱ׳󡣡
ʨȺغȻҪСqѡغ
κζռضѡСĶ
ͷʨ൱ûС
ͣҪΪάӣʨȺĸʨһЩѪԵϵάˣĸʨǸԸȵĻ
ӸղÿʨȺ̾ά˾ͷ겻˻УĸʨԸ̡
ά̣˵̵ĻڿȥʨȺذǵȫҧ
ÿάһۣ㵱Ȼȥ̣ĸʨǼģҲһֱ
ҪȥʨȺȥɣqȋqܿ㣬һΪеˣΪʨȺе
˲˵飬˿ʨŨëӭƮģûͣȫǱ
Сάצ£ҿ
˿ȵĻͼӴףάˣȥ˿ʨȺɣԼ̣ǵñǡ
ˣάŭһڻצӻ˿
˿⧲צĵȦһкɫʹʨص㣬ʱŭ۾ΧĺɫŨڡ
ά˸Ҷĸʨ֣˹ȥ˿ά˵ļûȥά˵ַֻĸʨȻҲȥ˿˹
͵͵ʨȺʨɱûעŲݵˡ
⿴˰ܵıӰûȥ׷άˣҧ˿йߣһͷϻˣʨȺвԺܻܵͣ˵·;ϡ
ҪѵάˣͷʨԴ˺ʨȺĸʨ
峿ҹжոջ࿪ʼʳʨȺһͷʨͷĸʨڶݵرĦ¶Һɫء
ͷĸʨ֣ά˴򲻹˹צץˣëҲ˺ܶƣƮΧ
ά˴Ŵ˦βͣŶŭĿӵĸʨǣ˦˦ϵʹ⣬̤뿪Ҫȥ˿أҧ
ά˵ӰԶȥ˹иϵͷ˿򣬡㻹𣿡
˿ӵƤë˺ܶݵɫ֭Һѿ
˿ȥ򣬲ݵζܿ࣬˼ڷˣάˣòҪٻ
ȣǲǸðά˴ʨȺߡ
Ȼصά˻á
ʲôãһֻֻǻצӵ޳ʨûбޣҲûб̡
˿ȷʵǿʨȺҪŵѡǸ˸˿˿ܴܻǵء
ˣ˹жͿʨȺʨȺû¸˿أĿͶǡ
ά˶ǵֵʨȺ롣
˿뵽άˣмʨȺˣά˿ܻҡβͻӭ
˿մĳӣ֪Ҹ㣬ʨȺܽάˣûһֻʨڿʨȺĺܾá
ά˿϶ȥ̽q̬ȣqȻܵʨȺˣôʨȺ
ͿʨȺά˲ǡ
ȿֻĸʨˣʨȺû̫ôˣʨȺʨȺĸʨ̫ˡ
˹ܵСС̾Ϣߣȣ˵Ķԡ
ΪڲһֱҲҪȥһ
Ҵȥ˿أ̽һ¿ʨȺǷѾռ졣
˼һᣬͬ˹顣
ŮƯأвʨͣڣʨȺһЩСʳ⶯ȺȺ
˿˹һȥ˿ԺܸߣûаٷְٴӮİ£Ҫͻ
ʨȺҪע⣬Ͽ
˹˿һ뿪ֻĸʨ
̫ٴιϣɹ﷢ɡ
ִüëȵ̫ʼڴһꡣ塱ģĶƴԴϣԵòײࡣ
һֻСֻֻ̳Եģ˿ϵȥˣ̸ֻ棬Ҫѧϰ˿ĲԼ
ûֻĸʨߣ󼦻ָ˾˩һ£ȥ鿴ʱ󼦶һԲһһվһŵ
־ϲ˵ԭĸģ̫ˡ
ѼóָһСǰ
󼦶˻ᣬͷҧǡ
Ѿˡ
֮ǰĺе룬ȡˮ̫㣬һᣬһȥǱȡˮ
ĸʨqû뿪ĸʨȋqԸѣҪߣȥˣܻᡰʨڡ
ǵȸ˿
ʣһ㴮֦ûš
İƯţһֻͷ֦ϣצץס֦ɣﴮ֦ϵ㡣
ʱֻηɿ츩˫צץס֦ϵ㣬һ£бб·ա
ҵ㡣ΰĿˡ
ƬԭĶﶼǿ𡣡ָԶھЩ죬̬õ˵ΪεΪͣ󼦸µĵ˳ˡ
צץŵ̫⣬ƶǣ쵽βмһľ
ηɵĲߣάͣ㿴ţΨһ뵽Ūģֻࡣ
Ǹࡣ
˿ߣ
Ȼһֻôܸʳ
ɱ˿ܰҲԡ
άηķȥ
˹ά˼һǰһߵģҲ˷ŵצץס㡣
˿Ťͷεķ򣬡ʲô֦㣿
˹˵˿ά˵˿سࡣ
ֵɵġ
ࣿ˿ά֫Ǳ˺һᣬŵһڲԭûе嵭ζ
ʹȺάˣԲʨȺĸʨϵζڲԭκһζ
ά˵ʵþδ
˿ʱͺȵĳĬ
˹򿴵ǰά˵ӰŨܵëۡ
ά˵ķȥ˿أΪȵķ̣άҪٴȥҸ˿Ȼ˿ɺúõػš
ά˵ĴͷĿ˿ӱһСջߣҲάˡ
˹һ²⣬ƽƽ˵ĻάҪȥҸ˿챣ܳɹɡ
˹㣬άĿꡣ
󼦵ѼŽˮʱһ£󼦰ҳֶڸղŵĲݴϣС۾
󼦵ĬĬת󼦡
ĺܿ죬֦ӰѼ̳ʯͷϰǣҧһڡ
塱ԭʯͷϣͻȻֱûң
һ㡰塱Ϊߴ룬ʣµļά˴ߵʯͷƳֻʮҡ
ܿϳͷ߽ʨʨȺʨάˡ
˵͸˿֮г£˿ȥ˲
̽Уάϴγ˺ڹӵĿ׽Ķȼ棬ŭһɿԽʮףıצ˦һߡ
ͬĿҲԵڶΡά˱ƽֳȮˮ
ƽĲˡ
˹˿һĻͷĸʨſʯҲһڵϵľΪڲء
ʧȥҶп࣬صĽǶܿά˵ıӰģ
˿βɨŲݵأԭ೤ӣǽࡣ
˹û˵۲ࡣ
ƺά˵ıƽֻˡ
ϸֱ۷ʯʱнɸ͹
˿ֱۿе
ںˣƺһܣάֱצӳ˵Сȥʹϥڵϡ
šüҧ׺ݡ
˹룬Աά˲̫࣬άҧ
άȻҲڿǣǱƯ˵㲻Ǹ˿İôֲߡ
άᣬᵽڸ˿ζ˿ֻζ㣬Ǹث֡
ȴЦˣά˶ӣ㲻ث𣿡
򲻹˿ֻ۸ҡ
ά˵ģıΪŴԵ塣
ĺ䷢顣
˿άˣ¸˿𡣡
˹άô࿴һһϵ˵ά˸ߵĻ
˵Ҳٸλᡣ
˵ţһĶвά˵Ĳӣά˵Ĳ˲ѪѪȾ֣άʹͼ˦ֻ֣־סë
ά˦ŲӣӵѪĲӺϡ
ĴҲȾά˵Ѫ޵ġ
ά˵ܴѿ˹Ķܷͷµά˵Ѫ
վֱȥմά˵Ѫ
ȴɼƯüۺ͹ϡ
һ̣Ұʮ㣬ıǿ͵ķ硣
˹Ϊܣû뵽ǰά˲ӵĶ׷άˡ
˿ᴭһ
ԸղķӦܴ
ζЦ⣬̫ˣҼֱҪ/ˡ


31
ĸʨǿߡ
˿зļά˲ðѪ֡
ת̤׷ȥֻȱάһצЩ΢ˣӰᶨά˵ķȥ
˿򱻴̼÷ڵϵĺצ£ƻҳצβŵ˹˿һۡ
˿ܵĺŨˡ
סֱ΢˦˦˦ͶָȹץסֱǴںİһֱӰû˵СϣΪӦԽͻ
ȥɱһͷצӺʨʮ
ԭҲ׽Сüɱʱֱ󼦵ʬ塣
ڣõ߭һͷ޴ʨĲӣоԼҪˡ
ǿάû磬Ϊʹ췢ͺֵõ㣬бĿ⡣
ðһͷûɱάˣ漣֣Ȼһᱩŭάҧ
õά˵ĲʱѾû·
ά˲ӱŪ˿ⲻѪëȾһƬǵѪ˦ΧĲݵϡ
һֱάɵ˺̫󣬿ά˺ܿͰ˦ŭͺµǣĵת⡣
һμ࣬ά˻ǵצ˵򶨣˵ʱв֣̿Ǹ˿Ӻ͵Ϯܰߡ
ֻмûˣҹ
ӣǸĴۡ
Ϊһͷʨά˲ԼܣһɱվŻʹëӡ
ϻմѪʤıǣά˴ŴıϢԳĲݼ⡣
˿˵ģά˵ĺ̫¸˿ֲˡ
˿̲ԣûʯ̫ԶһȺ硣ڲݴֻѧſԣŵ磬˿̸ֻѡһͷ
ȣѡһͷĸߵС硣
вͬ뷨Ȧһͷ깫磬ͷԴýɦŸ
һֻ׳ĳ깫硣
ȻȫڴŸ˿˿ѡֻء
˿жǡ
˿Ǳǳаյľ룬ͷŲñƿʯͷȥ۲ݸûһͷ緢һֻƴ
˿ȺʱѡмȺܼĵط룬еֻ׳ҵȺ·ߡ
׷׳粻ţ΢ٶȣокٿеֻ磬еĸСܵķɿ졣
˿ܵķո䣬׷˹缸ʮףֻиĹӺ˵ڵϣҧסļ
Ͳرʳ⶯ﲶ׽ǱȽףѵҲС
Ⱥһֻ׽סˣעҪΪʳĵʱȫ׺ͣ£ɢܣȥͬۼ
˿ץסĹ绹ͼѹıϣվ
ֻСֻܵ˿ߣٺܿģȥҧס糤Ĳӡ
ҲѧŸ˿צӴڵϣҧļ
ʨĺԴ幫˿ʱ̧ͷࡣ
ʨϣ˿뵽ʯֵû˲Ե顣
ʨάˡ
ķҲָʾʯ֡
Ҳˣɿ죬ڵͦӡ
ҪϿȥ˿ֻ˵
̸ϸ˿Ĳֻ̫Сˣױά˵Ŀҧ
˿ȰȥĵϸһϣٽṴֻ̋ϡ
Ѿ̫˿֪ǿ԰ȴϲ
ǣһǲſ
Ӧ
˿ıӰѸʧǰ
ά˵ĺзŭһֱûϹҲûʲô
˿ٶܻȥڼٱ£Хӹһ·ϣԭĶﶼڿֻܵĻ
ά˵ɫͫ
Ϥ˿򿴵óάҧࡣ
˶壬˹˵άɱ̫ϧˡ
ҲǸȥֹάˡ
𼱣⸽ֻǡ˹ȣ˿̧һ¡
һ˹жϡ
˹ž˫ıӰŲ˨һֻ󼦵άעϣûעֻ󼦲
˹һֻĸʨıӰҲڹ۲ά˵Ķ
Ĳԭʳ߻١
˿˵Ķԣĸʨһֱ⸽ֻڶأֻҪ˿ڣĸʨǾԲ֣˿ڣĸʨܴӸֵطǰ
˿̣ĵǡô
ά˵ܹʱֳֵ׷άҪɱĳ档
Ǽٵġ
۾Բһ棿
ʿˮά˶סĲʱܳά˷ͺ
һ³׵άˡ
ڲԭϣֻҪ򲻹ģܶͶ㣬㲻ҲҪǡ
û뵽ˣǣЩ㵡
άΪĸʨǵĳֹ֣סҪ֫Ƿ࣬Ϊ˸˿İ£շĸʨǡάڷ
ûά˸ġҥ˿ˣȷʵҲϳͷĸʨ˵ǡ
˹̫Ȥˡ˿˷ܶ˹˵ʨӣ㷢𣿡
˹֪ά˵Ǽ٣ȷʵĸʨǳ˳ֹά˶Ľ
һͷûͬĸʨױάɱ
ΪǲҪά˵Ļмʵ
˹ڶӡ̫á
ϲרһһֻʱӦٺǣ
˹˵ҡ
˿ϰ˹˲Եֵߣκһж̫Ȥģ˳˵ðɣ뿴Ϊ飬ģ
ǲܵ£˹ĬĬ
ǵҲ䣬Ѿάˣߵߣάˣڼ𣿡
Ϊò࣡
ϴǱܻأҲ²¿϶ֱĸʨצӽѵһ١
ڲԭϵĶﶼڿЦάˣ¼֪
άһŭ
˿˵涪ˣû
ǶܳΪЦ
ǣһڳϰͱȲԭϣά˷Ŀ꣬תǡ
еη壬ţάͬʱҲ˿ɣƽʱҪ͵͵ˣ˿ֲ֪ȥˡ
ǾάԶĵطά˲ҲӰӶצȥҧǡ
ʵս٣ά˵Ĺά˰Ǹҧ
ֱ߬Ѱٴδά˵Ļᡣ
˿Ӱ˹ǰȥɡ
ڣʨȺһġ
˹Ǹ鷳˿ǻ˿ġ
ĸʨҲǣ
ȥʨȺƽ
˿вͬ뷨ʨȺ˿ʧȥһһѵ˿𡣡
˹Ҫǰһҵ鲻𡣡
˿ɱǵ̣ծɡ
˹˿ʱͷĸʨҲ滵ġ
˿ദᷢͷĸʨıԲչֳãһа̣һЩΪʵĽ顣
˹ûоܾҲûдӦ
άͷѲʨһҧסǵҺȣǵڵϣñŤ֧壬ά˵ڵϣʧȥ˺ģҲˡ
άһ㲻ŭ𵽴˼ޣ̽ǵĴȣͷĸʨѪζ
ſ찧Ϊʹζп˻÷ߵӰԽԽ
˸˿
ͷڿվӰһ
Ҳ˸˿¶ϲĹ⣬ȾάѪһȥ˲̡
˿һۣµһݴԵסܵĽצԾά˵ľ룬άˣݺצӶǶά˵
ҧסά˵ĺ󾱣צӵϣά˵ҧǵĺȣͷʨһͷôš
Ǹûᡣ
ѸٷӦҲԳûάˡ
ŵ߽ά˲ԸɿǵȣǴӺ﷢в
£ͷʨƽ˵ڿɲ㡣
˿ݻȫ͸ֻƤʨӵƤߴʨɫƤëת
ſĲӺ϶иɺԵѪۡ
û˿ڣʨά˲һխȴ˿ڣѪ
˿ùŵֱ֦㸹ܿ죬û뵽Դ̴ά˵Ĳӡ
ϸ˿ϲһ˺һͷʨڸ˿ûиϻǰԾȵĺܺá
ͷά˵ӣûзŭֻжĲм˿ΪٱܶɿΪ˲š
ȵζʳָָĥ£ά˵ѪοΪʶü
ĵĺָ֮תһ¡
һж۵ף˿룬ûץάˣһβͰס
־סά˵ëĺͱȥ
ά˿ģ֫ƴ
˿Ϊ˸Ķǰ֫ϲã˹ÿάģ
ô죬¶ˣץסάëӺƯ
ɱάˣչӦʨȺ
ѾӴά˵ĺʱάʲô˲ˣɿֻȣӸ˿צӲߣ⻮ϵһƤëΪ˺ԵʣмƤⷭţǱס
˿ʧˣά˱һˣҲһʨȺ
ά˵ǿЦһ䡣
˹˵ſ£˿򣬻ᷢǡ
˿˹Ļ˹Һ㣬Ҫڵ뷨
벻ȥ˿˹Ķ˵
˹˶䣬˿򣬱Ŀġ
ҼǵãǸ˿ûгֿʨȺĸʨ
Ҳûк͸˿ͻ
˿Թҿһ㲻Ҵȥ
ͷ˿ûмȥ׷άˣһ˴»ĸʨ
˿צά˲Ѫ⣬ɫ˫Ǹάˡ
ЦЦ⣬ǶԤϲںúõû¡
Խν˿ԽƲסӿӵĸ飬˿ֱָϵѪϸ¡
ۼ˹󲻵˿һ棬
˿ĻһֱûͣҲֱһܻ˿ͷ뿪
ĸʨǱҧڵϺÿΪһֻ²ĵλ͸˿ûȡ˿װģ̾ʵΪ˿һƬأŸϲһЩ𡣡
ԵҪú֫ʹվάأվȣصڵϣŴ
ˣæȥ鿴ǵˡ
˿˿գڲݵϵǡ
ô
һĻͦȤġ
˿ҵ뷨ǣǿ԰ȥ˹Ȼ˵ĵȴʱɡ


32
Ӹ˿뿪Ѿȥһҹ
qȋqԣֱȫѣվ
֦ķ϶⼸ֻĸʨϣǿȋqվ̫ȵ˼
㹻ˣԶؿqʨȺˡ
ſǰ棬ȋqȺqм䡣
ͷʨ˦˦βͣǰС
ϻĺۼȋqߵĻԣᣬıϢɫĸ
ȋqǰ֫ŵɴðһ䣬Ҹð⻹ࡣ
qȥɡȋq뵽һڡ
ȋqС˼q֪ȋq³ç㱻ҧ
Ǽƻʧˡ
Ϊ˾㣬ҴӦ˻˿Զ̤ء
˿ȥ˱ĵط㿪ǣȋqû˿ϣȥҵ𡣡
ûб˼
ڻֶӶ˵ϲͱĶػߡࡣ
ƵţͷĻľ
qĻеȋqǿų嶯侲˦βͣܲˬ˿һﻹǹˡ
qΪʲôҪأֻ̫ǣǼȫɱ
ҧ˭ʲôŵء
嶯ȋq˵Ļðſɶȥˣȋq˵qΪ㣬qӦҪ󡣡
Ǹ࣬ȋqҪˡ
ڻʨȺҪ顣
صʨȺһͰкܶ໰⣬뷨һֻΪԼǡ
qҲΪԼǣôȋqڻΪһʬ塣
ſɻŶƫͶķ̣ȋq̧ɴǰ֫˵Ƶʨֻĸʨȫͣ²
ſվԭضסԴȷʵû
ͷĩq˿سʨ
qſߣӦάˡ
ֻͷʨᾭ˿أڲԭǶǶ֪顣
ƺάĲǺԶ
ſ£վµϣԿø㣬ùĸ˿ࡣ
ֻάˣлѣʨȺĸʨһ
ſ뷨qǿȥһ⡣
ʨȺʵȲϿʨȺǽ˻˿Ƭس״̬ʨȺռء
ʨȺԲҺᡣ
ҲΥqӦĳŵ
ȋqſɺqĶԻϿ죬ſ˵ĶԣҲ˿ǻֻ᲻¡
ȋqûʱӴԽǵòԽǵǡ
͸ϰͱȲԭ漣ȋqҪõ
ʨȺڲԭռһϯ֮أǿȺӵС
ſɺȋqĿͶq
qûбſɻȋqĻͷԣǰҪ֤ǵİȫ
ðźȻȥˣʣֻʨӣȋqûȫá
ʨȺȫάһǴ򲻹ǡ
qά˹ͷĸʨӵвʨԼ侲ȵͷԡ
Ҫ˹Ҳᡣ
ڵʵ۷ڣqûսʤ˹
ſɳɵǡʨȺ֪
qûشһû˵һа취ҽƻֲҪĸ˿ױץάҲñĸʨ
Ȼȥɡq˵ʨȺֻаţҲ̫ġ
һʨʼεڲԭϣͬһʨȺǳʨгΪһСʨˣǣܷʨȺûʨΪЩʨҪĿꡣ
뿪ʨȺ̫ʱ䡣
Ȼqô˵ˣſɲκȋqȡһ£ǰҧĶ䣬ֵɣȋqˣqûбٽ㡣
ȋqq˺ȣſҲͬq
ʣµĻʽ
ֻߵʱ̫ģƵƵͷʨķ
ǵȱάҧ˼Ѫ
ڲݵϣźӸŲ
ʹܺãǳ˺ˣû̫Ӧ
ʱ̫ȵ߶ˡ
ϵѪ
Ļ˿С˵һ뿪ɣ˿Ҫҧҡ˵꣬ٴγվ
һȳһ
סǿˣ˺أȥ
ڵûԣûͬͶιܻ
ϾΪԼˣܲʡ
֪ǵĸ˿͸˿ܲǴұ֤Իʵʵġ
ʵ԰Һһ߻ҧ
Ƕסˡ
жȥ
õͱάˡ
Ϊ
Ǹжˡ
˿һ
ɸ˿Ҳǰ
ͷĸʨڴĿġ
˿ߵĸʨߣͷϵ˿ڣǲɵɪȡ
˿Ҳˣĸʨǵ˿ڿˣû˵ͷ
ֻ벩ȡͬ顣
ûô˿˵ɡ
ڡҲ뿴ĸʨǾʲôܡ
ʵĿԼĶռǶкô
ȻӿЦ⣬ͶҲим
˿βɨѪĲӣҲϣҪǻ
Ըһȥ𣿡
ûڣһͼվ
ע⵽ˣȸǼ򵥴˿ڰɡ
ʵˡ
˿ΧĸʨתһȦ
ǱëҪˡ
ȥֻҪ˿˵ȲߣҲս
ȸ˿ԶˣǲߺߵģҾҪ˵
Цãɴմ˿ڵѪֲҵ˿˵
ǡҲܹߣҲˡ
Ǿ˵˿ɡ
лά˵ζѪζΪ˿˹Ķһ㱣ϡ
˿뿪ʱûзǡ
˿ıӰԾԾԡ
ܸо˹ҲڱǶ׼ʱ˵ĸʨߴࡣ
˹˷ܵ˿򣬡ҪС࣬Ͼά˶Ūˡ
֪˿ͣǰ֫ڸϡ
Ǿý̫˳ˣ˵ˣõ벻Ч
ҵ㻰⣬Ǿʹ͵͵̸˿ʼɣ͸˿ͣɿգ۾
ʲô
ͷĸʨ
վߡ
ӦҲ˳ͷĸʨ
Լʹ⣬Ρ
˿˹ֻƽٶţһһʨŪĺܽš
ǰĸʨͷ󣬱ǻҪװһȦëܺά˵Ͳࡣ
ĸʨȺܳϵƤëɫǳ߶ʱᷴˮһĹʮƯ
˵ʨȺ˹˿򡣡
ɻ󣬡άһģղôάˡ
ά˱ĸʨ
뵽άĳЩ棬ǲ䣬Ҳ͵͵άˣȥĸĸʨ
ˣСʣǺά˵Ĺϵã
ܲá
У벻Ϊά˱𡣡ųһɡ
ˣǸ㡣
˿ʨȺĳ˿˹˺顣
ǿʼˡ
˿˹ʲôʱģ
ר˿ڵʱ
ˣܲԶûҲ򲻹ͷĸʨһͷ͵˹
ˣܲȡ
ղά˶ֵȷʵģɣĵ߶ڲԭĴʳ⶯˵޷Ļɱ
˿ڿԺʽʶˣʹԼ̫£н䱸Ŀ壬˿ĵ˹Ҳ𣿡
ΪʲôҪ¡
˹ֱӵΪһͷİʨӣڸ˿ࡣ
˿̾Ϣһ˹治ϲ˵
Ժǡ
ʨ£Ǿ˿ߺ˹˿򣬸˿ȥˣ֪رɶȥ׷ɣҺûϵ
˿ȥˣ˵ʵͷĸʨ׷ȥǣ㲻ú˵˿ȥ򣬸˿ȥ̵ֻģһ
Сͣ˿һֲУ
ΣŸ˿һϣ¡
˿Цˣĸʨ־޴ǣҵĿ겻Ǹ˿
ÿҰߡ
Ǳ˿Ļҵͷת
ǡһ
΢̧ͷ̫ǲԭĶˡ
˿Ļ⵫ϰߡ
һԭûʲôãҪС
ƺɲԭʱ˵Ļ
Ǹֹ̾꣬˹˿򺰣УҲǴ
˿ЦǵԲ
˵ǣҺ˹ҧ𡣡
֮ľԽԽ
ȣ˵ȻǴҵʱϿܣȥҸ˿ɡ
˵ʲôζ
˵Ҫ齨һȱʨȺǿʨȺ
ͷĸʨΧ˱׼
ѾΪˣ⡣
ͣº˵ĽŲͷ
ǲͣ£ɻ
˿ͻȻǷ𹥻
΢΢£ֻƲͺ˿צܺ¡
˿ڶ棬ֻ˹СһĸʨĶȳɳڵ̺ò˶١
ǵצӲ˿Ƥëʱֻĸʨˡ
˹ҪսپȻǲҪǰô˹ϰɡ
˹ĹƱ˿׺ܶ࣬Ǳſ£ӴŴ¶׺ݵıͼ˹
˿˵ǣ˹ûȤҧ㡣
ˣߺȡ
ֻĸʨȥ
˵Ҹߣ˺ǡ
æ˵У
ҡҡͷҲ㣬ҲɵΪʲôء
˿ɫʣߵߣ濴ӡ
ĶͷͦıĴͣפϵѪά˵Ѫǰָһץסά˵ëĲŪһӣǸڲ࣬е䵭ĮȻִм˿ᷳ
˿ֱҪ̲סˡ
ȻҪҺ˹һӦ
˹û˵˿˾
ͣ¶ǵĹ˿´ҵ
˿תȥ˹˹߰ͷ̫䣬˹㲻̫ˡ
ƣǺţǰͷβʧܡ
ɡ
͸˿˵౻ˡ
˿һ˿תֱֲۣ뿴˿Ϊʧǵ𡣡
˿Ϊ巢Ķﶼܺͷĸʨֱ۲ֱ
˵֪
˿ǵָʶ֡
Ϊ۸˿ǰɡ˿Ȼζָζ
ʵڲͷĸʨٽ˵ҵĶ߰ɡ
ٵȥ˿
Ϊܵ˺ø˿ܵ˺
뿪
ҪΪκξס
ǵ˵ʨȺĸʨȿܻ֪ǰ£α˿˹ʨȺǸᡣ
¶ۼ˳˹Ǻ˵Ͷ˹Ҫֻ֤ʨȺĸʨʨȺҸƫƧĽҧ
˿ЦѾȲˡ
˿Ƕ㲻𣿡
㣿
ϸܸоԾ
иҪҪȷϣҪһʨȺɡ
˿ڵϣȻ
˵ã֪ʨάʨȺģҸղõһˣ϶ǺңǴһȥҲұҧɡЩۣߵһʯͷϣ档
΢ű΢²ӣ۾̧˿˹
ɥ˿һֱ˦βͣ㣬˭Ҫķάˡ
ĸʨʨάˣԼĴҲôͻȻЦˡ
ЦʱģղɥϢΪ磬˿ע⵽±һСУرġ
óԡ
Ǹ
˿ܺã뵽ô˳ܰӸ˿ضߣβɨ˹Ľצ
˹࣬ЦʧʱʣΪʲôЦ
˿ѽһ˹̫ɨˡ
ЦЦ
Ц¹Ĳԭ
˿Ŀ佱
˹Ը˿ֱرʨȺĸʨԸ˹һ˿
ֶ֣֮ദ
˹һֱѱպãڶţҪһ𰸣򴽣ΪάˣҲҺܸˡ
˹ˣά֮ǰҹ㣬Ƕ֪ζ
άᵽİζͽص
˹Ȼˡ
еɻ˴𰸡
ĸˡ
þվǱ˺۶Ա˿˹ʮңһ
ֻĸʨһͷ
˵֧壬ϵıϵʹ̫ûˡ
һֱʵһ϶ҲûŹѡŻ˿
һ̣ΪԼеǰŴ󻰣˵Ҫ齨һȱҪǿʨȺ˿򶼴򲻹
кö໰˵
ߡ
˵ʲôıľء
գֻĸʨıӰģ

͵ˡ


33
˿˹͸˿෴ķߣԭ·ȥ;ܻ˿˿˹Զ·ƻʨȺ
˼˹֪ǰ棬˹ĽŲ
˿ֳ쳣飬ߣɫβͼһֱǱҡ
˹һξ룬˿ֻԼĽŲʱͷȥ˹
ôˣ˹˿ͣ£ȴ˹ϡ
΢Ʋͷһǣǰߡ
˹צӳڲݵϣ̫˳ˣ˿򣬰ʨȺȷ𣿡
˿˽̫ˣάˣѡ˷ǣ˳ԵЩ֡
Ҫ֤಻ʨȺκв
˿ΪȻȻȷġ
಻ҧĸʨǣѡߡ
˹̫ˡ
϶Ƚϣһͷʨͷĸʨѡ񷴻һͷʨ
û취Ըͻ˳ӡ
࿴˴ס˹һצӡ
˿ҲͦϲʶӣҲŵöԸΪǿưʨȺ
˿ͦϲġ
˹ĬһᣬòС˵ʨȺõΪһҧ
˿ıӰ˹װŵ
˹֪һĻ
˿򣬴ʨȺһɺ˵
˿յ˹˵ɣ֪ģҲ̫
˹ţ㲻ʨȺûдĸʨ
ͷĸʨᵽȣȱߵָ˶
ĸʨʨȺĵλһܸߡ
ȥҪ˵ɡ
Ȼ
ţָһۣ˿ҧסָһ˫۾ָĸʨνϸָ˿Ȯݴֲ˶١
˿ղžͷˡ
ʲô˿ͷָ⣬Ȼɿ죬һγ˵֣
ʵʵ˵˵ȣ᲻ҡ
˿ʣ֪ȣ
ղŲ֪ġ
˿Լ˸ɵ⣬õģʨȺǵ¡
һתû𣿱硱
һ˲˿֪ȫ뷨ʲô
һƬտĲݵϣ̫ɹ﷢ţ˿ӣû˿𡣡
˿ϲ˿
ΪԼˣӮ˸˿ʤĿУ
ûС񶨵
û˿Ҳһ
ҲǣҪǰ
˵⻹ǲ⣬˿˵顣
һ죬ڱʨߣҲҡ˿Թ
ź˿ദһᣬ˽˿Ըͷĸʨ̫ѣ˼ͻⳣмܲסɡ
ĬĬ̾
һʨǰеķ򣬴ʮﴦqͰſһͷ
ȋqŲסصʨȺҪʳڸ˿ߣԶԶģqͬȵĽ飬ʳӡ
ǶһֻճӵĹѨȥʳʱſӯһѨڣȋqݴ벶ԡ
qȷֿ棬ǰںʵľ뱬ȥ
qϵĺܺã·߶סѡѨܣĸʨëɫ͸ɿݵؽӽܵԽԽʱſɴӶվǰ֫˵
qȸϿͰſһҧסλֹ˺ǡ
һ
qվŴͺȋqʳqһǼȽʳֹܷʳ
ܿ죬ڲԭ£һʨӰ
q£ɢȵ죬ӵվ
ɢѪζټǼֻĸʨʳӰ֪ͷʨһᷢ֡
ͷʨԭվ˻ᣬ
qڽʳֻСģͷʨ
ſɺ߻ȾѪ̧ͷ
ȋqԼڣȻֿʨqûдֻĸʨܿøʨ
һͷʨѣǼֻ˵Դܡ
ڸ˿سֵʨ
ʨܽʱq˵֣άˣ
ôҲû뵽Ӧú͸˿򶷵άˣ˺ѪĿġ
Ȼq
ά˷Ż˽Ųqһξͣ
뱣ԼͣëѪγһһء
ӣʧܵҡ
q˼΢ʣάˣ㡭ôڸ˿أ
Ҳάqġ
ϻ˵ģʨȺء
qĿǸ˿أ뵽ڸ˿ԵĿά˦Ųӣ˿س࣬Ǹа࣬ϴһڹ͵ϮңһѱķĶҵĲӡ
͸˿Ҫɱң
Ի˸˿Ϊһͷİ£ʵĸʨΪƴ
ͷĸʨһֱߣҪҧʱ˳
ά˲֪q֮䷢飬Ϊqǻûࡣ
ȻqҪõ˿أά˼˿ʹʨӣΪĸʨǻ͸˿ܣĻǻǶϳأɱǡܼqķŭãһѸ˿ȫҧ
һڿ˺ҧĹѪ⡣
ά˼Ļq¶ɫ
ſɺȶһۡ
ӱ˴￴ȡ
ǺĽӴά˵Ļ٣˵ĲӣëŨܣȻԹ۲쵽һëѪ
˺ͱϺܶʨάݣĸʨǺĹϵҲ岻ԽԽ˼ˡ
룬q˵ţάˡ
ά˲Ҫһͷĸʨ
ǿʨȺʨȺʵ̫صˣάûٻʨȺĸʨȺĸʨһֻ
άһֱ뿵ʨȺʨ뿵ʨȺҪҧʨȺ̣ӶռĸʨǣάдѲʱʨȺֻʨżqԸƽ
q
ά˵ĺᵹڲݵϣȻſqԭĴڡ
ǿǶǲһ
˵q
qȲͬᣬʹһ򲻰ά˷qԲʨȺ׳벻쵼
άˣʨȺڲԭ㲻ʨȺҲûʨİ㶼͸˿û취ҲСqά˻İʾ
άͣ£۾qq֪ģҴû˺ʨȺǵʨȺ׽ҲûϹǡ
ʨȺĸʨǲϽÿֻ˯һͷϽʨ޷ܡ
Ҳʱ뿪ʨȺ
ά˵յĿģ뿵ʨȺ
ұ֤˺ʨȺ̡
Һһأ׳ʨȺ
ȋqԲȥˣΧѪҪάˡ
˵ʨȺĸʨϽ
ĸʨʹԭˡ
ĸʨԸҪʨʨȺҲҪ
qάˣ˻˵άˣʨȺʨ
ʨ鷳
qʨȺУҲҪʱά˵Ļ롣
ά˱̫ɹķȣϵ˿ڵӵʹͱܾİͻȻվҪɰſɺȫվֻû˵ĸʨǲһҲɴ˵άˡ
Ҳû˼ά˦βͣðqϣ㲻Ҫڡ
άת뿪£ɢ
һֱûע⵽ȋqǰ֫ϰŵİɫڲԭ
ſɺq磬ά˱Ϻ͸ˣƾ˿࣬ܰά˳𣿡
q˵ǻĸʨ𡣡
ӡ뿵ʨȺڲԭǺΪʨȺԺ׽ĸʨ
ֻǱʨȺɱqΪ˿ʨȺİȫ룬ܾǡ
Ҳ˵һֱˡ
ڡ
һˣ
˿ǹ
ȋqһִֵĿϧУϲʨ򡣡
˵qά˵ģ˿ĸʨǣйϵ
ΪʲôǲС
q˼л񣬡³çȋq˽ʵ嶯
ȋq벻ܲˣΪ嶯ҧˣqӦ˺ܳԿҪ뵽Щȋq궶˼ӡ
άȋqԽԽ
ʨӰһС㣬ſɼ˵qά֪Ҫأǳڸ˿أһ㶼ȡ
߸˿ģ
qˣ˿ϲ죬
϶Ҳᡣ
뵽һص⣬Ҫץȥˣά֪ǲʨȺֱܻӴ롣
ȴʨĻά˱ֵĶôѺá
ſȵĶ䣬̫ţȣŰǡ
ͷ̫ԵĲ࣬qȋqصʨȺ·̳ǵ·Ҫѵĺ㣬q˼ȋq壬һֱߴ٣ټȋqʾԼӶû⡣
qٿǡ
ĸʨͷ
ʨȺʣ⣬ֻǼ©ݿǼϸŵ⡣
ûĸʨã˴һСʱҪҸЪһᡣ
˹Ը⣬ϿʨȺʱԽã˿׷ĿԽ
˿һĸʨҪõĺøУ˹
˹̫ˣǶЪһɡ˿ʨȺСĸʨ
˹һꡣ
ʨȺĸʨ˿ͦݵģڵԸƤë⻬Ǻ˵ı־
˹ڼǰߣˣͣ½Ų˵С
˿ܵ˹ǰ棬ĲӣǰĲ
˹޿κΣתȥұһ״һŹĽϻ
˿ܻߣݵס֣˹
˽ϻ£ϣ˫ַϥĶͷڳ˺ġ
Ȼۣƿȡ
ɴϲûиѪɫˡ
ɴ¶Сϵ˿ڡ
˹ſǰĲԭ˿ߣ涢һһ
ϵ˿ڣ˿ۣ˭Ūģά𣿡
ǣҸԭʱͺյʬ塱
룬˵һ˿Ļһڡ
˿ͷ˿ԵƤ
ͷĸʨ飬Ͻֵס˿飬Ųһ򱳶˿
˹΢΢бۿ£СȺܰףûϵ˿ڷףԵúء
ͺ̫ɶˣԺ㱨𡣡˿ͺգʵĬĬζ
ûܻǳС򣬲Ȼͷĵ̻ƤһƬ
ٽܲԭĺ⡣
ԺҪծ
ѾǲȺͺճʲôˡɴǻȥٰѿȳãʵʵס
ԭĶû·ĸǺٽ󶥶ҼƬҶӵס壬ǲڱ塣
˿·壬¶Ƥ٣ȣȰͦʵģϸֱ۶зӿտȥ·һţζ
˿ǰ֫棬°͸ǰ֫ϣ࣬ǳ˵Ҽһֻͺվҧһֻ϶ҧͺա
̬ײеĻ
˿ĳ
ӰŲһ˹վ˵ˡ
塱ʵߵһϣƺץס֦ϻµ㡣
֦ҡΣ֦̫ϸܲסﳤʱһŴ䡣
塱Ͻ֣˲ץס֦辣û䵽ˤ
άҵʱһԶˣۿͷĸʨ
塱ָǣСɵһֱظֻĸʨ档ֻĸʨûз
塱ܴܾܽãΪڻ˿ߣܷɡ
ֻĸʨӸ˿ˡ
塱ǿƵĶʳߡ
ĸʨĲܵϣסĸʨ뿪ķ
塱øϽȥ򻨱˿ָ·
˿һȥġ
ǵͷɥŵ棬˿˹뿪ڣһδ
˿ֻֻ̻Ƿϵģĸʨǡ
ֻ̼ǰʨȫڸ˿󡣸˿ܣûӰβͶʱͳȥвõԤС
˵˿
˿˵֪ú
Ӹ˿̽ͷ
·ƾʧһ˿᲻Ϣ
ֻҲñڵţΪսĵطİζѪζ£ſ
﷢ܿµ顣
ʱȲϸ˿ŵ˫ѹƵıŰϢ˯ʯһԣֻͷǡ
ĸ˿ڿĶƤ棬ȲΪ״̬
˿۾ǡ
ͷĸʨڵķø˿뵽ά˷أҧһߡ
ȥ̻ǰڡ
˿ŭͺڼҪƣݺ˵ĸʨǣצĸʨĶƤϣǷܰĺ
˿ȮݿǣӺƳһ֣˵
Ǹо˿צӴ⣬ʹʹͫ׾һ⡣


34
˿ˡ
ʶڵһ߽ع顣ϸ˿ŷŭ˫
֪˿˵ʲô
һͷʨӱһֻצ£ôôЦ
˻ţʨȺ˿˹ˡ
Ĳ²⣬˿ļϸ΢Ĳ
̫ɻ󣬸˿㲻Ǻܰ˵𣬼
ȷʵΪ˾˿˹ˡ
˿˹ˣߺųҴ򲻹˵˺ң͸ߣҺ˵ˡԽԽ͡
Դεڻ˿أ˿ƲΪ棬ǲں
ڣΪûã˿צʣǵԴκ˼ţҲͷ
ֻһ㣬ǰûϸ͸˿Ĳ֪࣬ʵñĶɵ
˿˹ȸ˿ߺų͸˿ֱͻ
ĸʨ
ԭϢ죬֪ø˿
ȷʵĺܶԡ
ôʱǰȫġ
ǻ˵Ϊ
˿︴ӵζӡ
ķŭڳţֱֱȥ˿ŭһꡣ
֫ðɬȻǸצ˻
ĸʨǡ
Ӹ˿ͬߺÿΣΪĸʨǵԽΪɡ
˿ΪԼ˵ġ

ĸʨֲͬʡС
һ˲
˿뿪ĸ׶ʼͺ԰ϲڲԭɱĶܣ´ἳȡսֱȫʤ
ڸ˿˵Ҫıõ
࣬װĶܶࡣ
ֻ̺ܺãһֻСĺҲܺãҲܺá
ʣ˿ҲҪҵȥ
˿ԼĶռǿ˿˹أߵռǿ
˿һҵ
ֻ۵ĸʨǴõʱ
˿ϣĸʨǺ͸˿أÿߣƲɱĿ⣬Ϥ
˿Ҫҧ
Ǻأڸ˿¡
ԼںҲں
ǴӺһֱͺ̧ǰצڸ˿󾱵Ƥëϣһֻʨһֻš
㲻ҧңǱ赲˿µȮݣǰ˿ȮݻһĿӣΪ̫ټϺң˿ںܿӿѪȾһİë
˿úϻһֱڹ
ڲԭϣûгȫƾԼͿΌҧ
θ˿¾Ҫҧͼߣ˿צӹʹſ졣
˿ҧң֪һ
ãһ˿ݣһͶ̥ǵĶʺ㡣
˿ڳ
ҧңֻܴ˿˹𣡡
޷أ
ҿ԰㣡
˿˹ʨȺǲŸ˿
ҲֻһͷĻ
ûа֡
ֻֻҪı̡
˿ĹܶȽͣ˴Ŀ϶ά˼ϸ˿ɵ˺ϵ˿ȵϰơ
˿Įڣͷĸʨ㲻˵ܰҡ
ĸʨǣܿЦ
Ÿ˿ãֹ˿ٴι
֪㲻ңǸ˿ұ֤ܴʨȺͷĸʨܻάˣ𣿡
ʵҲΪвԼĿǡ
˵ʨȺͺܴˣ֪ܻܶ࣬ǰֵ¼˽⡣
ҪؼңȻܽӽʨȺĻᣬס
е飬˵ЩҲԼڲԭϢʵûеõ֤ʵ
˿˹ߵʱû˺ĸʨ˺
Ȳǣڲԭǳġ
ֻаǲŷġ
ܵ˿̬ɶȻղŸ˿ҧ
ụֻ̂˿Ҫ˼ɱģ϶εӰֻʨȺ
ڸ˿һ˿ջᱻʨȺĸʨҧʧȥĸ̶ֻ޷ȥ
ĸʨһźܻ˵졣
һ㣬˿һֱ
צӺմĸʨǵѪУ˿̧ųȥצϵѪմڲݵϡ
ļһһǵͣ̽źˣʨһ㾪֡
˿˫ֳָͣ²ƾڵĵӣôܺһ
ǵԴհһ˲
漴Ӧ˿Ըһȥˡ
죬ҵĵӺֻܴǡ㲻֪ѡ
˿мסҪɱǵ
ĸʨҲһô
ĸʨߣ˿ᱣ
Կά˵˿һ仰Ұ·ߣһ׷ȥҧ㣬һл˵
һصҲŲᡣ
ֲ塣
ʨ֮ʱ˺ܱĺϵ
ǲٴ򶷡
˿ıŭϢƽôˣӿĶƤ¶Ÿ˿
˿֪ŵˡ
ĺ룬
ë˳˵˿ˡ
˿
ģıڣ𣿡뿪һСᡣ
ǲԼù¶
룬ͺˡ
ԴײײԴǵģֻĸʨŸ˿ڣˡһ˵ʧԭ
ղֻĸʨ͸˿˵Ļȫˡ
ʨ滵ʨӡ˵꣬۾ڳΨһһֻʨǡ
ǰצڵ²˼¡
ͷŸ˿˿ǵġ
ǿһɣ
Ȼ󡱿룬
ֻ֪
Ͳٱˡ
СһһģǴŴͷǰ˿ڡ
һ͵͵ǻ˿ӣһ˽
ôԸⱻǲ
ֻСûһֺֻµģ˿˵ھȥ
ЩʨӵĺøУĸʨΪ
ָһʨȺ·෴ķ˵˿Ǵ뿪ġ
Ϊ˱ܿ˿ѡġ
ʯµֻǳϢֻٴܵŵ󼦡
ǿֻ󼦣£һҶ룬ҵʱһֻŵ󼦡
˿˹϶ҪʨȺ뿪ķкü·߿ԻصʨȺ
˿ǰߣб󷽣͸˿ʮ׵ľ롣
ϱάҧ˿ڲӰ·˿ԲӲͦţż̧ͣŻʹ
ҵǣֻС·ٶȺ͸˿ûȣ˿Ҫ˼ֻСӣβͷ˦ţĺСӲһ¡
˿ԭŬӷв׽Ϣ
࣬ߵʱ̫Ҳۣ˿˹߲죬Ҳ׷ϡ
ָķܿ˷磬ұ߼ҪۏһСϪСϪĶһԻصʨȺռеء
ǰƽ̹Ĳԭһܵ˹ӱߣ˿˹㣬ܶʳ⶯أоͰʨȺ
˿˹Ҳܻѡ˹Ӻӱ߻ʨȺ
˿ͣǿıӰ֪룬˿˹ѡ·
ûг֪ͷĸʨѡ·һ˿ŭⷢйϾͲˡ
СϪȥˮ
˿Ҫ˼һᡣ
һȳһСϪķߣĲݵͰСΣʨͬʱ֣Ͻߡ
ֻС
ͣͷ̧ĸ߸ߵġ
ͷ̵ëɫۣ
壿ֵֻ֡
ڼϤĻѡǣֱۡ
һ̾ǡ塱û͡塱Ĺϵĺܹܲȥ
˿ֻ֪ܿССĺӸľϲ
ָ̧ʾǰ˹ӵķ
ǹ˲Ϻˮˣ˵˼ǣ˹ǰߣ
塱ϲĸʨǣϵǷܻ塱ͷ
ֵźӣѡߵĺӣͦ
ĺǲǱһĺҪ
졣
˿ûе飬ա塱ָʾķǰС
һӻˮ塱Һĺܽſϣܴ
塱ۻˣſϰۡ
Ϊָ·˵ˣҺͺ٣úſǱϡ
Դڻоˣ
˹ƺҪǰϻʨȺֶֿʣѾԹˡ
·һƬ֣˹ûͣ˼Ըˣ˫ֲУ߲ˣҪʳ
鷳
˹
˿Ȼܵ鷳ࡣ
һڣ˿Ͱ˵˹ǿɲһǿ첻ʳС
˹˦βͣӲ˵ǿûܳԵʳ
Լҡӹȥ
˿Ͻȥ
˹ţ˿ȥˣҲܲѰһӰſɢȣ۾ǰ
Ƭָ߰һ˳ԹСӣȥժӡ
ɫĹʵʢģһѣ̽ĵطʱ泤С̴˻ڡ
ѪѸð캬סֹѪ
ĶȻڻ˱
ԭ촽;
˿Ʋߣ
ֱ죬˿ȣԭڵϣһĻֱ
ڵȥժӡ
ֱϣһԹֱֱۣ۽Ҳ¶Ⱥܸߡ
Եļ컯Ϊʵʡ
ԭԭ
ȻΪһ࣬ѾǺ͸˿ϼʶΪ
ôľĸʨ˿
סˣֱͦҪ뿪˿塣
Ųһף˿һס
һͷ¿˿/塣
ô£Ե޹ΪʲôҪڴ
ĽͿܱ˿ܵԺ
ֱֽƣҪʲô
˿°͸ļϣйͷ°ͣ·ҧһڡ
ۣǱӡʪһȦ
ұȸ˿𣿡ʡ
Ǵ˿һƽ𷢣˵Ҳ˼
˿Ϣ࣬͸˿һܾˣ϶ӡ
˵Һ͸˿˭أ
˵ţıֱȣӡ
˿еҲУĺ󱳸ܵϥأ˲Сӣȫڵϣͼÿ˿§ס֡
˿ܱȵģò˿ֱۣһֱԸ⿴˿ĵԸ˿𣿡
ҵ岻˿
ǡˣڹ/ţôܿ㡣
ɰ࣬˿Цˡ
˵ҹ㺦ߣ͸˿/ʱѵǺ𡣡
ϲΣҲԡ
׽ס
˿̬ȺΪԼԼйУô˿ֱ׵Ļ
ڶˡ
ţ˿
ͲѸٱ졣
άʱԼǸ˿İ£ĿԺͶһ
ֱҪˡ
β˵УֶС
˿ô/
˿ûˣɺ˵У㣬ҵķھҪˡ
һô֪Լֹܡ￴ӭڡ
ǲԵġӶͷð顭ڣ㲻ңҲʨ
˿ϣÿ
ҲŲҪʨ
άˣҾҪ㡣
ά˲Ҵܵġ粵Ǻ͸˿˵Ҳ㷢顭𣿡
˿ɵ˵ô࣬ǲ/䡣
Ƶģǣֻϲ㡣
˵˿ǣ
Ҳֻ꣬Ҫ־ͺá
˿˼볬ǰ𾪡
֣ͷĸʨ͸˿֮Ĺϵķǳס
⣬࣬ҶԶķûκá
ܣ˿Цˣ˵Ҳں
˵ҸСʨӡ
ģβ羣Ĳϡ
Ϣ˿ͷĸʨĳЩ̫£Ը˹һ
˿ĶǸʨȺĸʨ
ȻȥʨȺˡ
ҡðһΧ˹ĳʨ
ⲻٻͬźţǶԱʳ⶯﷢Ĺźš
ĸ첲˲䳷أ󱳵Դ뿪ǽڱ仯˿ָΣŲȫļӸղŵڳȥ
ͷ˵ǵöҺ档
Եÿɿϵȥӷŵľ侲
ڴû˹ʨУűʳ⶯ͳ


35
ʨȺһֻͷĸʨڲ˿Ҳռкеλãʵ˹һ㡣
˹ĵͺĲСƵ˹ڵλá
ζͳ˹Ľ˿֪˹һȺҰȮ
ҰȮȺж䵥ĸʨ𹥻ĸʨǲͻ
ʳ⶯֮ľϵɱһߣӵһЩʳء
˹棬ûʨӣҰȮеȥ
ľ뱣ֵĲԶ
˿˵Ҫ͵͵ܣЩҰȮ˺ġ
ҰȮ
˿ŵǵ˼˸˿򿿽һ㡣
˿⿴ΣצӼ䵽ݵϣжϺ˹ķ͵س
˹ȷʵҰȮ
ҲʶΪ׵ҰȮǿ֡
ִҰȮȺʨȺ׽һͷ깫Ұˮţ
ֻĸʨһʱҧˮţִһȺҰȮˡ
Ⲷ˹ĸʨƣ޷ӦԺҰȮȺɧţΪ˲ҰȮ˺˹ֻܷͷҰˮţ
һֱ˹ǵڣû뵽ڸ˿ǡ
ͷյҰȮΪ˹ڴ棬ҰȮͳˡ
ǵľ޴ܹϸ΢졣
˿ҰȮˣϸ֫ˣͷĸʨľ롣
ʨȣҰȮͲռƣ򲻹ܣһͷĸʨֻĸʨ棬ֿʼá
˿ҧ˷͵ļֻڷߣȥ޸˿Ҳ๷ޣ޴๷ȺԱ࣬ǿ־ȶԸ˿б
ųԱڣû뵽ʨȺĸʨҰȮȺڲԭĶﲻ٣˹Ҳֲ׽Ҳû룬Ƭ⣬˹
˿Ӻ﷢ƵĳХߵ˹ߣķһۣӰƬǰ
ĸʨҰȮ
Ҳܲˣİ֪ƶҰȮȺԸ˿˹ߡ
վһҰȮһаֻ
С˿˵Ӯģ԰ɡ
˵˿ͣ·ĳƺĺ˾ЦϣҺ˹Ӯ𡣡
ַĽ˿ĶԻ
˿ˣղڴﶼȺҰȮûɫ˹ҰȮĽ̫ˣܻսپɡ
˹˵ȫ߾ˣûʱǾ̫á
Ը˿ҪԲ֪Ҳ׷ҲᡣֻлصʨȺأ˹ȫġ
ͷĸʨַԽǵ̬ͼҰȮɢɻεİΧȦаǳɢ
ڼ˵ʧȥ·͵ࡣ
๷޺˵ڸ˿أڴʱ˿ֲҧ๷Ⱥһֻ๷ùˡ
˵ʨάҲûֵô
ңԭΪ˸˿İ¡
ȴʨȺĸʨһ𣬿ŻͦгֲΪ˿ʨȺĸʨ֮ĳʧǳԼϡ
ôֻĸʨܴ͵͵Ǳ˿أΪ˴뿪ཱུٵԭϣ๷ʨӣ񶼸йϵ
ȫ˿ߣ¶ֱûһ˿˺ۣ֪ĺܺá־òԭϵĶﶼˣ޺ת
ֶͷĸʨҲսҰȮǶɢ˿˹ǹܵԶԶġҰȮ㣬ǵԳĸʨ泵ս
ܿ죬ֵĿ㲻ͷĸʨϣ˭Ǹ˿ӵйģڻĸʨߣʧȥ࣬ǰɡ
ҰȮסͷĸʨעִһֻҰȮŶƵֻĸʨı
ŴΧ˿˹ĹΧԼվλ
˿˹ûĹ۲쵽ֻҰȮ
¶ɫӱó̫ۣͷҰȮװģȥҧ˿βͣ˼˿ϡ
ֻҪжֻҰȮᷢ֡
΢΢ȣֱСȡ
˿˹ҰȮɢܷΧԽԽԶ
󣬿ֲٹ⹥˿ֻҰȮ۲õ
ղŲ֪ʵĸʨǲ࣬һ̯ڵϵʳ
ֶڲԭϵĴ˵ô⣬ʨ๷ȱǿʳ⶯ڣҰȮȺưԲԭǲܵ¡аֻԱ϶˵ܴܲԭеʨȺ
ԣ׽Ǹ࣬ҧĲӣĳԱʳζࡣ
ԵЩ޵Ĵ˵Ҫʵڡ
ҰȮβͼűܵٶҰڶҲ׼ֱôСͱʨҲͱҰȮ
ģסֱĵֻҰȮؽУ¶µɫҰȮǸ⣬һֻԵİڸкֵܹĶֿ
µҧҡ
ȻںҧקҰȮͣº˵ĽŲıɿ
浨СֻҰȮڣϸϸֻҰȮһЦ֣ôС࣬޺ά˶ûаߣ̫ûˡ
ǰȥչ̡
˵౴ҪҧҲŷġ๷޺ɺʹĴۡ
ڻ๷ʨ߰ȻĵûбֳôС
ɻ󣬡ΪʲôҪҧңҲûеǣ
౴ԣҪ࣬Ϊ˿ʨȺǣɶĸ˿ҧ˷͵ļ׵Ҫǣ
ˣ౴𣬡Ҫ˵ôϸ
౴ҡҡβͣԿֺõס
ܲ
˶౴ɣ̾˿ĳ̫ˣƫƫʨȺҲȺҰȮĦײǹˡ
ҰȮȺӦȥҸ˿ġ
װҺ͸˿ʲôʨȺûйϵҲҡ
౴֣֣˵е
ʨӻܲһݵģװ׵ģûκв
ֺö౴һɱˡ
نȥͷĸʨӦﻹڵĻᡣ
Ϣֵ˹һϣⶥסִŵ죬ҰȮݻֲ࣬ͬʱȵϥǵסҰȮĸֹ
ŵѪ󣬿ָӷ
ȫ춯ͬǰĵ˿ȮĹ׷ҧ
౴ҲûϿֵٶȣͻ䣬һӽɵɵűס죬ϷĿ֡ղڶ౴ûвԵ߸
һ룬ŵ֣û˿ֵĶӣְһĹ̬˵һԲϰš
౴ɵϣң
ɵϣɵϣ
վȾϿѪĶܿ¡౴˼ҰȮͬ飬ˣ౴µβͣͬˣ俨ֻȺ쵼ߣ౴ȥҧյ֡
ĵӣ˵ķʽӰֻҰȮж౴
ͬ౴ܻü
౴Ų£ûͣ¶ĹƣֻҰȮͦĵġ˿˹ѾҰȮ˹ȥֵҰȮ˿
ʨӵĺ౴ˣץסᣬһ粽ס౴Ĳӣڵϡ
౴ţȥ
ģƻαװԼ
ڴͷһֲѪ˿ڣںڵӳͻҵĿֶӡ
µӰζ
Ѿܵǰ˿򿴵ؿھһºά˲ӵĶҲµҰȮüͷ̽ҵҰȮĺ˽ȥ
ҰȮȾѪӺû΢ͫʻɢ
ûиŵ۾ûпɱҰȮ߽ǰ
ɱһֻԭʳ⶯
ֻҪ뵽ԽˣڶӦԭҰ
ԼڵΪγɵǴֲòȥִǱʶðͷزִ֮ǰ챻Χ˵ĳԺỹ
޷Աʹʳײ㡣
һֱҰȮʬûС֪ſ˶ãֱֲʹ
ҰȮѾ뿪ʤһȥҰȮʬ塣
վ˿˹ڿûдղŵ
Ұ뿪𣿡
ǵġ˿صͬʱñӶסƵģζ
˻һֲ౻ҰȮݻֿ̧£û̫ԵѪѾ̡
ѹ˿ڣ˿ѪҺ˦˦ϣҧҰȮûʲôϸ
ƬĲݵŴ򶷹ĺۼȥҰȮʬ塣
˹Ͽ뿪Ҫٶˡ
߱ɴסֲ˿ڣ˹˿档
˹ıӰڴʳ𣿡
ʱǿյġ
˿ȣ˹Ҳ˲˹˵ʮ˹Ҫ𣿡
ţ˵˵˹װ򶨣ƽȵ˵
Ҫ/䣬຦ߣڴҽˡ
Ըҽ/䣬͸˿ô/ġ
Ҷѧ
˿յԸҡ
˹˵Ҹô
˹Ҳ֪û˿򶮵Ķࡣ
һԣƺֻڴ˿ʲô
ָ˹شǲܵģ˿ֻ£ѹ˵뵽ˣϲҲӦʵϲ˰޵ģ
˿ˣһ
˹ҽ¶䣬βͣβͶ䶼أ
Ŀ̤ڲݵϵצӣû׼ϲצء
᲻˹˿˵Ļûв˿̾ϢȻ˹·ƣգգ۾˹·ôͬͬţ
ͬͬŵ˹άֲסأ˿򷢳ʱȽһСݣûվȣӴһ¡

[][]


36
˹ŬʹԼ
˿򾪴ˣ˹סΣȿյצ̧˦˦
𣿡˿̲סʡ
ͷĸʨͣ£ע⣬Ͷǡ
˫۾ţ˹СݣҪ·ʱ£ᶨ̧ǰצڲݵϣȻ˼ȷ·ƣӲǰߡ
ûУ顣˹ͷҲػظ˿򣬵ʲôֻԼ֪ˡ
˿˹ı֣ҡҡͷ漴ȥ
ʨȺĸʨ²͸˹ͷĸʨ¸ңǲϲ˵ϲĸʨԼֻܿ˹뷨
ָɴᣬ˹ľھʱ̧۾һ¡
ʱ˹ֶĿ⡣
ͻĲݵѪûɺԣqֻĸʨ·ܿᵽ˱ڻӷѪζ
ǰİſۼ⣬ҰȮëɫɫཻڴ̵ĲݵϺۡ
ֻҰȮڵһ
ˣ
ֻĸʨУסԭϴ󲿷ֶҰȮֻĸʨţſɻܣûпҰȮӰ
ֻܴѾҰȮǴѣſСֻܵҰȮߣȷ󣬵ͷҰȮʬ塣
ΪȥҰȮĲһ̲Ѫ
ſƺ⣬qĸʨȥҰȮߡ
ҰȮȻʬԤʾŸ͵ʳ⶯ڸ˿أΪǸ˿ɵģȋqвͬ뷨·ܻصʨȺأʨά˰ҰȮҧˡ
ſɿΧᵹҵĲݸûзͷڲݵš
q۲ҰȮĲӣά˻߸˿ɵġ
ϵ˿ڲʨӻ߱Ķҧģ֣ϸϸһ˿ڸҰȮƤë£ϸᷢ֡
ȰqĻȥȷʵq˵
ʨӻɵģȻģδ֪ΣոĻš
ΧֻҰȮʬ۲ڲϣķң˿ôǷֵ飬һ̶ȥˡ
ıԹq
ֵ顣
Ǹ˿һ
qɲŸ˿ռеƬģٳֵĶ
ֻq޷ҰȮʬϵһ
Ūһߣа취ȋqԴԭľ顣
ҰȮͨȺǣи˿ڣɱһֻҰȮĻ᲻
Ҳҹʨάˡ
·һֹȦ
ſ·֣qŵʨӵζ
ǵغʨȺнĸʨζſܱᵽζĸʨġ
qڰſɸղŴĵطһȦȷʵĸʨζ
ԣ
ҰȮĸʨɱģ
ſɰ֪ȋqȣȲ⣬ʨάˣûյĸʨ
ûкάһȥҸ˿
ά˻ˣȷ϶ûС
ά˻qǰ˵ĸʨĻ˵ĸʨĹϵһܲˡ
ĸʨ
Ǿ̫ˣĸʨ˿أѵֻΪɱһֻҰȮ
ڸ˿صҰȮӦǸ˿Ҫ飬ҰȮĸʨǣǽз
ֻĸʨ벻е߼qҰȮʬԱмα˦ڲݼϵѪ˼ƮԶ
ά˵Ļֳ˵һĶĲӡ
qҲνķĶƤ
ȷʵܺҰȮϵ˿Ǻϡ
ôʹǸɱҰȮģֻˡ
ζǳʱ䳤Ų˿Ӱ룬ĸʨζûζ
qһطþδſɳqǲ֪ҰȮôġ
ǡqѱ棬ǵά˵Ļɡ
ҰȮϵ˿ںά˺Ķܶϡ
һɣںĸʨǴһ𡣡
ȋq£ܣ
ſҲ̲ס˵԰ۿŸ˿һߵģάҲ֤ʵ
һ˵˿һ𹥻ˣĸʨǡ
ôһʱ䶼ûȥֺĸʨһˡ
q˵ѵҪͳһԭ
ߵԻǡ
ȷqЦqһֱɡ
ʲô鶼뵽
qûΪֻĸʨĻɶŭĻصĸʨһԭĶǡ
˿סעշת֮䡣
ʨȺغ͸˿ڣĸʨʱǱ˿ش
ϲƽףqᣬʨȺף˿İȫĳ
ߣһ㣬ά˹˿ǣĸʨ͵ˡ
qﶼ̫
ʨȺʨȺʵǿĸʨǴһqѲӿ˼
ĸʨҪ׵Ķࡣ
qڿʨȺӵĸʨŷſǶԸţq˵ɺܳ֡
ȷʵ࣬ԭϵĶûпҰȮôһ˺ۡ
ȋq뷨qһʨȺĸʨУҲС
q౾ȿǶûеõȴĸʨˣ𣿡
ſɺȶû˵ĿͶq
ſĺܼ򵥣ͬȋqһ뻰ǿʨȺûеõ౻ĸʨˡ
ϰͱȲԭʨȺǿʨȺ϶ҪֻֻĸʨһֻʨʨȺǿΨһʨά˹ҲʨȺȥôʨȺֻֻĸʨôڲԭʨȺжŲϺš
δӸ˿ػ뿪ſɶ󵽱ĶôЦǡ
ʨȺȴܴӸ˿ߴ࣬Ա£ʨȺˡ
ſɺȺУܲʨȺЦ
˽ġ϶ûеġ
һŪʨȺȲͬҲԡ
ʨȺҲûʲô
ĬĬ룬ãĸоʱʹ֤ʵ
ȋqǲžȻʨȺ
ʨȺֻĸʨʱ̫ãʨȺá
ɡ
ȋq˵ʲôҲԸܰʨȺľѻᡣ
˿أһĸʨſʨȺֹʳߵ롣
ͬʨȺֻĸʨҲ㳲ֻֻĸʨ˿ء
ȋqԼԸյĸʨǣ԰æ
qҵģ뿪˿أܰȥһܸˡ
ʨȺСʨӶ˵ġ
qһչ˸˿СӵӣܻСӵĻġ
ʨȺչСӣҲиʱȥԣȥء
ȋq˵һĺô΢΢ŴĿ⾼q
qЦȋqӦһ㡣
û˵
ſɺȴȋq
ȋqҲ֪ԼղŵĻ̫ˣҵ˼q㶮ֻǲλᡣ
qܹȋqģͷĸʨſɣȣͬȋqĻ𣿡
ҲԸ⣬ǸĵȥʨȺķҲǻصʨȺǰסǡ
˵ûҪ֤ܰؿʨȺǵ̫ûȥʱˡ
qȻѯû˵İſɣſɣ뷨أ
ſɳһ£Ӷɡû˵q뷨
һͷʨӣſҲûq;ȋqȵģqĵûдС˼
˭˽ģqҲ⣬ֻ˽αװĹûʡ
Ǿ;ˣ˳ȥصķߣq˸º͵ۣؿʨȺ
ȋqˣȲǰ档
˿˹벻ΪһֻȥҰȮǵľʨȺqµĴ벻ĸʨš
˿һ˼ϣۣʡ
ڴԼסժĺûԶ٣һûҰȮķ˲
˿˹·ˮԴҪͣЪЪ
Ϊ˹ֻᷴԣ˭֪Ȼͬˡ
˿׼ˣΪûϣ˹βʹ˹ıϣ˹̫ˡ
Ȳβ͸
ô˵ģ˹Ĳ̫ҪɽˣԱ綾ڵɢſº͵Ĺâ
Ҫ˿˵ͷ΢ͣ˶â֡
˹ſĴһ΢СĻȡ
˹۾΢΢
ΪϢ˶ģΪ˿˵ġ
˿ϲ˹֪
/ˣԸ⡭
˹룬ͻ˿ĸʨǲǶйϵ𣬶һܺõ˿ΪʲôԸء
ڷȻŤ˹Ĳһ¡
סŲֹٳͬһߵĽצͬʱߵΪ
뱻˿Цڶ顣
ֻǻͷһۣתȥ˹˦˦Դ˦ȥĪ뷨
ˮԴĵطźϤǿųˮߵĴմԽԭϣ˹
ɵΣпԭϵ度ʨͬȣĲһ㡣
ͷĸʨںӱˮĵֻܣ˿˹ڲ벶ԣӱߣͷˮ
ðͷͷĸʨˮ棬ֳˮ
ڴ£ͷϣ۾
⸽ˡ塱˿ǡ
һͬʱĸʨǻˣ˺¾Ƕĵǣ뿪Ե־ô
ԭ͸ڸ˿ߣǲ֮Ҳôĵˡ
˿
˿
ʲô
Ӧð̶ʯˣô϶֪Լĸʨˡ
ǻô˵˵ԼԸĸʨߵģ
˿֪Ըģ
˵԰̣û죬Υŵĸʨˡ
̾˿ֻܺõĻ
㲻ˡ˿
ۣӦ˹ߣӳ˿ʨ档
ǰ֫Ĵࡣ
˿۾رΧһȦŨŨĺߣ涢ŶԷʱ߻΢΢
ԼǴɱҰȮݰܵ˿ڴԼ˵ЩһһεĻֱȣܿ˿Ĵ
û£˶ѡ
˿򿴳ܵС㺦ҡ
ε˿˺ͶеġҲûá
˵ԴҶá
˿Ҫٶʲôˡ
˵˺ͶﲻУҲԽһ۶ûҡ
ǿԽ˿һͷĸʨ
ŲԶ˹棬˿ôε⡣
ʲôҪ󣬶Ըҵģ˿ˡ
һ˹˵ϲ˰ޣҪ仹βͣצҲԡ˿̧һֻǰצĸ
ĸƽ̹·ܸܵ΢΢ʵ˿צſ£ǿ·ȫŪˡ
˿ˡ
һֱܾǸεӴ˿ġ
ţ͸˿ʲô
סצӣԼÿ
Ǽ·ɡЪЪˣߣ˿򲻻ͳ
ͷָƽŪ·ǽӶûüӦ˿Ըߵ°ʹ̧ͷԼ
ͫȫ𾪣°ͱ˿̶ס˿ͷˣ۾Ĵ˿ҺƬԭܿĵطֻ
˹ȻҲ˿ͻȻӲݵߡ
˿
˿гĽ𷢣ɫͫʣ۾ΧɫߣļɫǳǳСɫȿ˿ĳࡣ
㡣۾¿ֻ߽㶨˿ϡ
˿Ц£˭㿴ңһֱܾҡ
ôҺ͸˿˭ÿ
°ͱеۣ˼ͼ˿ˣǰѱ˿򱳺һţӦÿΪסһ㡣
˹˿ߣŴʱԵĿס˵˿
עص㲻ͬΪ˿/嵣ǣ˹˿°͡
˿û˹ͶҿģֻҪͬ⡣
Ҫ
Ѷ˹˵˹ҡ
˿̫ˣңǹŵġ
˹һϰ˿򾭳æпɤŬ۾ܲһ
˹צӴ˿ֱۣ˿Ը⣬Ϊ
˿촽ţҪ˵͸˿/𣡡
ҧ˵ûС
˿ӣȫ߷ߣϸŨüû顣
˿򶮵ʿɶֹĵҲʲô຦ߣܹͺͺġ
еټԼĶܡ
ðɣ㣬ʱŹ㡣˿ɿ֣̱۽Ťһԡ
ϸ۵Ĳܿɿڣ˿ץסļڱǰҪĲҧһڡ
סʱͲˡΣա˿򼴽ҧϵһ̣ס˿죬ԼĲӡ
˿۾ɵĵԲɴҧ˵ֲࡣ
һ˿ˣҪۡ
ܼǵԼ
˹ȻԱ߿ֱ㶣ʲôͻ˿ûС
ĸʨӦҲûС
˿ôܣǻѵӡ
ԭĲӿԡȾɫͦÿѹ˿ҧ
һܵϢе˹ܱߵĻϸ΢ֻ
ʱĸ˿ĸʨֻԼһֻﾭƬܡ֡Ĵ֣ҰȮʬ塣
˼ĵطʳ⶯Ǻ顣
˿Ƴһۼߣû߶ԶͣۻصҰȮʬԱߡ
ݼϵѪǣҰȮ˿״졣
ɱҰȮģܴʨ๷֮Ĵʳ⶯ҰȮӵ˿ڶԲϡ
ֱɵġ
ΣգӦˡ
ĸʨһͷĸʨᱣ˰ɡ
˿βͼҰڶݵϵζҲʨӵζԣңкüֻʨӵζֹ֯ĸʨ˿̧ͷ޲ߡ


37
˿˹رؾ·ᵽǵζ˵塱ָ·û
Ǹڸ˿棬˿ȥҰȮݷʲôʡŲ쳤ӣڲӰ˿£ҰȮʬᡣ
֮ǰڲԭˣʳ⶯غζͬҲƬݵᵽͬһֻʨӵζ
Щֻ˿֡
ǿʨȺʨȺȥ˿˵ͱסˡ
ȵȡвԾĵط
Ǵס˿һжС
˿ɨһۣû˵
ҰȮʬ̫Ŀ
ٴ̤˿صʳ⶯
˿뿪ǰҰȮʬŪ˴ΧܼĹľ£ڲ
ǹ˲Ϻ͸˿ְȫˣѾָġ塱塱㱻ʨצȵβͣ
ûСŭԸ˿˵ҰȮȋqҧģ԰ɣ
ûõ˿ĻӦԹԼ˵ˣһûҵȋqǣǴ²
뿪ҵأԺҪٿ㡣˿ƽ˵
˸˿˵Ļ̧ͷǡ
ٶ˵ǿɲ¡
Ҳͷĸʨ˵¾뿪
˿ӾˣֻСӱӣ˿ֻС׺ݵı飬⧲ŵһǰ
˼˿ڣû̫֡
һȳһٶȺ͸˿ƽ˵Ҫһһ
˿˵ͬʱĸʨͿʨȺҲ𡣡
Ǳ˿ĻŪ¡
֪˿˵Ŀġ
Ĭһᣬ˵¡
˿ӿ˽ŲǾʵ㡣
ؿֻСӼۣûʲôҿʵˡ
˿˹߲̫졣
·ҪǨϢ˹ֻǵ˿׷Ŀԣ֪һĸʨѾĶǡ
ӱһʨӰѾſɺqǶһâݺȋqһЩſɺqҲ˳ſ¡
ĸʨֻֻֻôǵʤ󣬰ſҪȥq
ӱߵֻĸʨһֻԶһֻߣ̬ǡ
q˵һֻʨȺĸʨ
ԵĸʨƤë˳ڲԭҲûмֻһģſɺֻܿƯĸʨ֣˿򡣡
ᡣqһ䡣
Ű׵ľ룬ܿ˿ʵƤë
qĽǶȿȥʨӦԣһһʨڶԻû̫ʱ䣬ȣܿ˿Ϊ
ͷʨӵĺøбˡ
qżֻĸʨȥǣԸ˽ͬһ档
ִ޾ϲ࣬Ҫڲԭ߶ٶء
ſq֪Ĺĸʨ˿ȷʵᣬʨȺֻĸʨȣͺܴ󣬳֮⣬ʨȺĸʨʨӡ
ſʾqһͷʨӣͬľ뿴ȥͷĸʨ˿ҪһȦ˹q㿴˰ɣͺܴʨȺʨˡ
ԣǴãԼʳһֻ
ʱʨȺӦûҪֻ˹һֻĸʨԡ
˹׽󣬷һĺУٻʨȺĸʨʳ
ʱſԶԶ˹ӣſ۷ʱڵʵ˹ҪһأʵʨȺǿĿʨȺûҪҪ˹˼һˡ
ʨȺ˹ſɲ˵qҲ֪
Ϊ˹ĴڣʨȺҶԱ̵ά˱
ͷĸʨᣬһֻ۷ڵ˹q˵ǵĶʮֲء
ſͬ⣬뵽˿صĸʨ϶˹
ˣٿצȥĶԲʨȺͲ·ǡ
ſ֪q϶Ҳô롣
ȋqȷܵſߣȋqʣڳȥֻʨӣһܰܡ
ҪУȋqֻĸʨһֻ˹ſ
˹ȋqΪȻܰĸܡ
ͻȻһСֻĸʨôˣ
ܾʨӽס°ͣʮ㡣
ںߵ£ĸʨһһϣ˵ʲô
֫嶯ڱʾܾ
ѾӸղŵĳлָͷĸʨ湻󵨵ģѵҪĸʨԸɾˡ
֮ǰͰ͸˿֮ô/ģȻһˣ˷ˡ
ȋqȿֵ̬ȱ˵ԲԸ⡣
յĸʨ湻ʵġ
ǲźʶ೤ʱ䣿ȋqȫ⣬϶ǿ
ȋqΪ˵ȹ̨ȋq̫ˣֲģǸ˿ġ
ȋqˬ˦βͣҪ𡣡
˿ҲᱻĸʨߣڰԺͻҡ
ȋqĻ̵Ҳ˵ŭôȋqˣؿʨȺڴҵġ
㲻ǰæԼܰؿʨȺ
£ᷴɣϾѡǸ˿㣬˯ϵʱ֮ȋqȵĹϵͦãΪϤ֪ʲôȥ˺ȋq
ȋq죬βʹڲݵϣһȡ
ȺʾӣͷĸʨŵϢӿ
qóȋqˣƢãֻҪֵ̫£ʨȺĸʨ˳ȋq
Բ羡
ˣʱ׼ӭս
ͷĸʨ㲻ңҲ㣬ſɲ֪ôȰ˵Ӹq
ûյĸʨڲȴҪq΢΢أҪھһʤյĸʨǵЦǰߣ
ȋqĺ˶Ȳòò
qɨȋqȣȋq˵ȋqȵǸ
ȋqһܡ
ûд
Ϊ߶ԵʱȺһߡqһȺȋqǰڣ㶼ͬҪԡ
ҲʨȺĸʨԷצ
ȋqΪԵʨȺڸ˿˴ףȵǸ˵˵ĻȷġȣشϢǰ֫ϲƵģմ˻ҳɴĽᡣ
ȵq˵󣬱һ㳰Ĺ⣬Ƕȋqġ
ȋqںȽţſȰ˵ȋqq˵ĻеһʨȺģܡ
ĻȋqͻȻȵӰϣȱȋq˵صڵϡ
ţͬʱʹϸ
һâݵסͷĸʨĴ򶷣ĸʨŭԼصܿƬտĲԭ
qȋq
Ѿˣںӱµĸʨ඼ǱߵĶ
վϡݵϣϳ򶷵ͷĸʨһֻǰ֫ϰŰɫĶɴ
ǿʨȺĸʨ
ֻܳĸʨƺֻĸʨĴ򶷡
ں˵qϳֻĸʨöӦqǡ
ΪֻĸʨûȥˣΪʲôǡ
ſοŶԶԷצȋqȣǾǵǵĿ
ȫ¶ˡ
qȋqȣѰһȥǵĴ򶷡
źӶֻĸʨ˿򲻵ˣ˹ҿ϶Ρ
˹˿Ļ룬ûΣġ
ڸ˿صĸʨֻ˹ܿµһǿʨȺ
ǴˣΪʲô˿鿪ЦŤӿǲΪ㡣
ţ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
Ц鿪Цû˿˹˵ͿʨȺ£˿˹Ҳ֪
ֻĸʨ֪ǵѣ˹ûսͷĸʨʤ
˿˵ҪϽߣǹ˲ǡ
һʨȺĸʨûԣҲһֻ̣ĸʨᷴԸǡ
ֻĸʨ˿Ӯĸʺܵ͡
ȻҪʨȺ˹³ϡ
˿Ȼ˹ģҧ½ǣߡ
qȥȰܡſעͷĸʨĶ
෴ķߣſɺڴˣ˹Ҫˣ
qצӴȋqȻҧסԷǰ֫Ͳëϡ
ͷĸʨѡ
ȋqȋqǰ֫ɴ˺ҧϣȱϱȋqצ˼˺ۡ
ŶԷ
qߵȋqǰ
ȋq۾˱ա
ȋq̫ʧˡ
ȋqqqиģͷqҡ
Ժ󲻻ˡ
ȋqͷ⣬q̾˿
צڱϸ˼£ſȵĶ䣬ȣȋqƽˡ
ղǱȋqצĶͷԣ侲ҲЩոȋqצ
ȋqһյĸʨˡ
ſٴѣȥ׷ǻ׷ϡ
ȋqĸʨںӶ棬ղźŪôĶ
qҪȋqǲǴˡ
ȺܿԼĴ󣬡qҸղŲӦù⼤ŭȋq
ȋqվqҲ˵Ҳˡ
ֻĸʨȻϴˣqۣ԰ſ˵ſɣߣȥסǡ
侲侲
qͰſȥ׷ǣȋqҧ˿ھ˶е㷢ۣõɴҲ׹ڵϡ
ȋqqȵǸ·ȣ˵ΪǶԵġ
Զˣվԭأ۾ͲӦöȋq
ͷĸʨһӲʯͷ
˿˹Ƿͷĸʨܵĸ죬ûܳԶͱſɺq׷ϡ
ſɽյqָʾܵ˿˹ǰ浲סǵ·
ſڿʨȺĸʨϵƢãͬڿʨȺĵλҲͦߵġ
ƽʱչ¶ԣ΢΢ͷ߷ڵλһ˿˹ȥǵĽŲˡ
qס
qû˹˵þò
qûнŵĸоΪദʱq˺ھͲһˡ
һþò˿qʶqʲôʱ򣿡
ǰ졣شĺܼ࣬˿˵̫ϸһʨȺҪЧ¿ʨȺأֻ˿鷳
ôʨȺֻĸʨҪסǵԭˡ
˿ؿƵģ˵ʶʨӻడ
ô죬ںܼʡ˿һһ˵
˿˹ţһ԰ſɣһqǰм䡣
ȋqҲˣͷĸʨѲϡ
˿˹Χˡ
ȋqֱӿڣǡ
ȻҲΪࡣ
ѹַŸ˿زȥȡҪ׷˹
˿ֱͬ˵С
ȋqмܴǣ
˿ܳʵ˵򲻹ҪԸԸĻСǵĺ
˿ĻУҪ˭˭ѾڲԭϺˡ
ﻹҪŻʨӡ
ڵ״Ϊ
ΪҪ˵仰λûĻڶҪҸߣܸһ𣿡ʨȺĿǰƫʨȺǿʨȺֻʨסǣƾ˿˹ͻΧеѡ
˿ҪʨȺֻĸʨɣ֮䲻Ҫɣ㲻Ǻϲ𡣡ֱۡ
ͷĸʨ治
ȋq׼
˿ȋqͷĸʨͱ󣬡˹ʨȺĸʨǲǶ̫ˣԲԼ࣬ռôǿ
˿ʨˣ֪򲻹qǣڿͷֻ
qû˿Ļ£ͱ˿˹ⲻɷϡ
ʨӵ;黹ǲ㣬ôΪɵĻ
ϵദԸ˿Ϊ͸¶
ԳƸ˿İ£ĶССɻ
ֻʨӿܺʶһ졣
˵ϲ
ںӱߴ£˿ļǿȣq
ǺãҲζçײ
qȻǸ̬ȣ£Ҳ˺㡣
ҴʨȺĸʨ׼صʱⷢĸʨһ𣬿ҪǻʨȺ
һֱ͸˿һҲ֪м䷢ʲô£ôյĸʨһΪΪĵѣ£ҴŰſǸ˹
qĻŷȷʵµڣǶû˹Ǵ
ͬqݵģ£
˿ֱҪЦˡ
ʹʨǰαװ
˵ĺղ˵ǰǣ˿䵽ȋqϡ
ã㣬û⡣
һʨȺϤͬ飬qҪʲôһ񣬰ſǾס
Ȼŵƣqͷĸʨ
˿򷴲һ䣬q׻һ䡣
ſɶ˵ԸߵѴԺ˵ֻʹʨӲֻСʨӶ򲻹
˿ˣǲСʨӡ
˹ػս˿˵ģֻĸʨʹ˿˵죬
ȻʨȺʵ
˹˵ǿȴ
ҪǾɡ
Ǻ´ӮֻСʨӡ
Ǿÿǹȥ
˹ŵĻ̫һ
qϣô򶷣յֻĸʨó
û뵽˹ôӲ
ֻʨӲԸƽ⣬qûҪʹʨ
ֻʨӽţϣΪ˵һ¡
˹ת˵ǵ¡
Һ˿ˣʨȺʨӿ԰ߡ
ܵ˺
˿Ҳ˵԰ǽ̫ùˣҰȮֻʨӣ˳˳ġ
Ȼ˾񣬡ϣҺ˭Ӯأ
ûڣ˿ˣǱ˵ˣ˵һ
ֻʨӻ治Ƿȋqݷ˿˹Ĳĥһĥ


38
㹻ѣ˹ѡ˿ʨȺͿʨȺֻĸʨ
ʨȺq˹˵һֻܴĸʨһ㲻׺ͱʨȺ
˵˹ĸʨȣԵóȡ
ȿʨȺqԲ
С͵ʨȺ˵ѧϰq쵼ģʽкô˹ûqӱĶȵĿֻĸʨ¼
ûqжϵһ졣
Ϊࡣ
˹Ǳʶã̫ѣŻͿжϡ
ͿͺͿɡ
˹ô
˿ţֻĸʨĹ»ŻصʨȺС
ֻҪлߣ˹Ҫס
ȥǲԭϵҰ
ͺá
ֻĸʨСΧȦ
оϢϲһ˭˭ӱߡ
˵˵һ˼룬һһ仨
κߡ
qУֻĸʨϢȋqǲ̫Ըһһͣ
˹׼ᣬĸʨںҪ˵ʱq
ʢĸʨýqעʱ˹˹ĿĲӣʨӵצӰqͷؿڣ¶ݰɭɭģqͺ𷴿ţ˹лҧĲӡ
˿ǿһۣȻҲͻȻĳ澪ˣ۾ɵԲԲġ
ϸ룬ʨȺֻĸʨعȥq˿˵qʹ󣬿q׼ȷֵ˹ĹqͱȲʨȺȡ
qѾ˺˹ͬʱ㣬ֲԸqһ˹ҲԴӮֻĸʨ˹ֻצӶõġ
˿򼸲絽ڴ˻˹qǰ棬צݽݵֻǰĸʨв
ӶצֹſǶ˹й
Լʵ˿
򲻹ֻʨӣһǣǲȥq
ʣµȫ˹ˡ
˿ϣ˹ҧqʨȺʧȥ쵼ߣ˼
ⲻһμʳ⶯ˡ
ԷӶľ޴צӣצ⹴סԷƤëµĲݵر俪ˣ¶ɫأϻҳ˿Ѫĵط
ȶ˿𹥻˿ܴᶨԼսֻʨӼ˹q
ȳӶצӣſͬĿģȋq˵סȥq
ȋqᷳƻʨӡ
ſɣȰͷĸʨϵһߣȥqҧֻʨӡ
ſߣ˵ȋq˼ƳȋqһۣҲûзԣͰſһһͬʱ˿Ƶˡ
⼸ֻʨӴ֣óȻţͣ£˵
ֻȋqӦǲͣĸʨ̫ˣ˵͵Ϯǣ
ȋq˵ʵ
Ȼ˹˿ֻûҪ档ͷĸʨʨȺо
qزʨȺأʨȺԼţǣԵõ࣬Ҳ̵֮ʨȺء
ȋqԭռϷ˹ҧ˼ȋq˵̼˹¸ҵСʨӡ
ԸʨȺʨҲô¸ҡ
ҺqӹʨȺء
ĸʨĸ
ʨά˵ȹִ꣬һʶʶ
ģһġ
ȋqϴˣʵȫӣͲͣ˹
˹Ķ©ȋqץסᣬײ˹ڵع˼Ȧʨ촭Ŵϵĳ
˿ӦͷĸʨܳͬȋqĻֻĸʨͱĻ顣
ȋqᵽĶüһȋq˼ûɱ˹˿֮ȥռʨȺء
ʨȺʨҲᱻɱ
ɲС
ָȥйǰֵ¡
˹˿ڣʨȺʨȺмɵԣ˹˿
󺰣ҲԸߣǴӮҲûã
˿ĺŲȵһʯͷһ¡
ֻʨΪķŭͣ¡
ϲ̶ͬȸˣ˿Ƥëƶͻһ覴á
qڲݵϹһڵģʮǱæԼƤë
ֻʨӿһ˹ӣ˹㲻Ӧq˵ʱǶ֡
˹ӵվһȻ
˿ӰſɺƵ˹ԱߣͬһԸаġ
˵ûҪʲô鶼ǿԺƽһ¡
Ⱥߵƽ
ֻСʨҪĲǺƽ
ſɱ˿ҧβͣβ˿ӡһһ͵ۣûƽ͵ľǻڲԭϵӻ࣬ѧϧ
Ժ󣬱ô³ç
δôˡ
˿˹ĿӣҲǻӹˣҪ
Ǵأǰ;סǡ
󵽵ĵʨȺĸʨ𡣡
ֻʨӵӲ
ȋqǰ׼ٸֻչǵʨһڣqס
ȋqҪ˵ʲô
мqһͷǿسʨڣŪĺǱ
ȣöϾһĳֻʨӶġаͷ˵ʵҲκһߡ
Ҫѡֻڸ˿ߡ
˿û˵ȋqֽ˿
ϲֻӡ𣿡
Ƴ˿ֱߣ֣صͷǡ
ƭң˿Ļ㶼û͸˿/
˵һҪָ߬ŬѹΪ̬߳ܵҺ¡
˫۾˿һӡ
q˿תһȦȻŪһ
Ļƭƭ˿ƭ
˿̫ԡ
qͷеЦ⡣
ҪҪõ³çͷʨӣqļıһ㡣
ȻʨȺǿȴ㣬㻹Ÿ˿ظ˿߰ɡ
òס
ȋq˵q㡱
ſβȋqβͣѹȋq˵q
쵽ֵ࣬ôͻȥ
Ȼ̾ô˼鷳ǡͻص˿ߣֻ˿鷳𣬸˿ٿ
ʧq˵ϺȣҸߡ
q˵ҪΪԼϣ㿪ġ
˿ֱ˹˵𣬿𣬹ֲ˵qԲҪúѧѧ
˹˼
Ϊѡ˵ֻҪǷŹ˹˿ǻء
˿ס
Ҫq֮С
ǴĿĵġ
qڲ
˹˿Ҳԡ
ʨȺĳĸʨĸʨһʨȺıصʨȺqڸе
ֻСʨ̫嶯ˣұҲ˺ǣȻҪ
qתԵ˿˹ǰ˵ȣÿɡ
Ϻĵʱ;ҪȶԸֻĸʨٵĶࡣôϣq϶Ҫӡ
ſɻɣߵqߣС˵qӦ̫ˬˡ
ŶãΪĸʨ顣
qźܷɣֻҪȫĻ
ſɣһʶҵ𰸡
ĿΣӰʨȺҵ֪
q˵ˣſĻԡ
ҪʱˣھߡѾǻȥȲվɵһ㿴ҿ㡣
ϲ˭˭/䣬Ȳ̫⣬ǻʨȺͺá
ȋq£ߵߣζ߰ɣǰ·
ſ׷ȋqȻûãҴ·ɡ
˭·һȋqߣұҧˣȵҡ
š߳һξ룬ͷԭû뿪˹˿
һҪסԼĶ飬ԺҪġ
ֻʨӼмʨȺصķȥ
ǵıӰһСԲ㣬ܿȋqβ˦ţܿġ
ʨȺʨӿˡ
˿ɬ㡣
˵֪һҪҧһڡ
˹Ĭһ˵Ҳȥɡ
˿öõ˷ܾûȥҪʧȥʵ
ϴһ¡
ţ˿ʲôõģϲʲô
һĻϤҺĸʨǿǴˡ
˹̫ˡ
𣿡
û˹˵Թ˵϶ûܣҸ˸顣
ǲҲеϲңqŹǡ
˹˵ʲô˼ء
ɵ飬һԼ⡣
˿򡣡˹һסܵĸо
׳Լʵɣһ죬ҪܿʨȺ
šǱһջҪ
˿˹ͬʱ䱸ͷ
˿ĸʨһǰһ
׷ˡ
׷ҲûãѾʨȺĸʨˡǵĻ˿϶ˣȻء
պͷĸʨ˿ϵ˿ڻۣתͷ˿
̾Ϣߵġ
˹аܴӸ˿𣿡
Ǻ͸˿һҪһ
ûţ˿ῴ׼ʱϷֻצǶıϣ׵ϣ޾ôҧġ
Ҳǲ˿Ҳûи˿ĸߡ
Χ١
ĸʨǾȻ͸˿һģվλ϶Ҳǰ˿
ħ
ûʨӳΪͬ顣
˹˵˿򣬸˿ҲֻһֻͱȲǡ
ĸʨǣ˹ղźķһҲΪǸв
ҺǺ͸˿һ𣬲Ķ档
͸˿ֻСһ·ͣںӱѭǳζ׷ġ
ԶͿ˿˹һվţ̫͸˿Ƿǰ档
ֻС۵ֱ죬ſ
˿ǰϲغã͸˿οܹʱ˹˿˵ҪӿʨȺ
ˡ
һ죬ִĸʨߣʨȺߡ
ӿʨȺϼѡ
˿ж
˿ĺҪҧֻߵԴͷ
ǿס
˿һ죬ϣʱˡ
̫Ѿȫ£ȾһƬϼ
˿ɫ˫Ҳӳɫ
˿˹ϼӿѪ
³ɺޣ˹Ҳܡ
ǿ˹Ӵ壬̣С˵ҪҪʾ
ΪʲôᱻʨȺߣǡ
Ը𣿡һ䣬СԼ塣
˿ֻҪ뵽qߣݺצӶ궯
q˼˿ܲµǰαװȡĺøС
˿˹ֻûõʨӣԼߴߣq·ߡ
˿˦βͼ⣬ֱӳ˿˹ȥ
ֻĸʨһֻ
ǺһȺ
˿˹˹ͱ٣ÿһλצڸ˿ϣ֪˿Ը˿ûĵطչ˺ҧ
˿Ӱͷĸʨ֮䣬ɫŨصƤëǶۻҡ
ѧϰ˼УҲս֡
ϵѾѪˣۣû
ǰﲻϸ˿æ˿棬ҧĺȺβͣ˿ͷʱ˵ĺܿ
ɧû˿רע˿˿ֻܷתͷȥ׷˺ҧǡ
˿Ըǣ˹
һֱƵƵĿ⿴˹
˹qȋqһ˺üˡ
ǴһѪܵĿӡ
˿ȻҲ˹ϵˣ˹ʹǿ˹ȺƵʱߣѾùˡ
˹ҧĺʱ˿ͣһ룬˹أצ˹˿ϣ˹ͺһɿҧƤë졣
˹һֱע˹˿
˲÷˵ǣҪȥ˹
ۣ׷˿򣬵ǰ档
ÿ˿
۾ΧĺŨһţ
˿ĸƣ˹תҧס˿Ĳӡȫۼڸ˿סʨҧûȫֻҧס˻Ƥë
˿˲ϱģ˹ˣܽһصأʧȥ˹ʨȺڲԭҲһ
˿㲻֪ΪʲôҪq𣿡鼱֮£˿˵Ļ
ûá˿Ҫһԡ
תƸ˿ע˹Ϣһᡣ
˿ѹ
˿˵˵ϲ㣡
֮˿ɬһ䣬ƾʲô
ôһ˼Ż˿
վ˿棬ͣ˿ǲ˵ѻ
˿˵ļٻ
𾪹˵ʲôζ
תͷȥ˿ͷάֺ˹ơ
ðɣָͷӦ
Ƕ˿˵˵ˣ
ֻ˹о˿˿ڵˣһ΢Ĳ
˿˵Ļȥˡ
Ĭĸ˿ڿˣʲô
˿һſ˹Ҹ㡣
룬˿ǴѧĽװ취
ȴ˿ѡʱ˿ֱ˿һӦΪ˰׷ôãԼ˵ϲ֪࣬ĳЩ棬˿ͦġ
˿ɿ˹
˹һ£Ҳɿ졣
˿վһ˿
ϴ˹ѪζβͼС˦˵
˿ĺ˿
ɱʨȺ̣ҧ޵ļ׵һ£˿ȥҧ
ǵù͸ûֻʨӵĻ˹㹻Ѹ˿Χ
˿˹һӵվ˶ϵĻҳѪ
ĬȻԸ˿˵ĸʨq
ܻװ
ڴҺ˹װһֻʨ˭ߡ
˵˿ͣһ£˵ֻߡ
ĸʨȋqܻϲ˿ԭȋq˵ķӻɻ֣˿𡣡
˵ǡ
˵ǡ
˸˿е׻۳һƬˮξ΢΢Ų

ԡ


39
ȫȫ˿
ͷǰײеĻʱҪʳ
˿˹ʹ˸
˹Ӹ˿ıߣŸ˿ıӰʨȺ͸˿ڵϵı˹βʹš
ϤϤø߶Ƚŵǿ˹Ķ˹ֹӺ͵Ϯеĸ˿
˿ǲޣ߸˿ĸԡ
ԵԼ˵ϵζǶڵĳ汧пֵ飬˿ֱ˦βͣ׳βͺɨϸ߳һصĲݼ⡣
˹ûдӺ湥˿
ʧš
Ҳ⣬˹ɱˡ
˹q͸˿ܵۡſţӿŤıС
˹ڵǲǺڵϿǴһģ
ǵһֱϣӽŵЦ
˹ܸܵ仯
ȷʵûĿһۡ
ҲûиԸ˿𹥻
ǵڼͷû취ˡ
ʱԡ
˸˿ƫƫء
ø˿ʶ
ûʨȺ˿ϸ˿ǣŪҪӽĻӸ˿צ¹Ӳд
˹ͷһ֪Լἵʡ
ΧëմѪģ˹ÿһлҳȥ
˹ߵ˿ƽеλã˿һۣʾ˹Ȼܡ
һ˿ˣ˹ͬʱܡ˿ĺܼ򵥣򲻹ܣڣʨȺˣһж¿ʼ
˿̫ˣǸſʨȺʨˡ
q֮䣬ѡq
˿ʵʵ˵˽ġ
ø˿̫⣬ΪһҲ̼˿ԿʨȺԹޣ治ȥʨȺذ
˿ˣ˿ԻΪˡ
ͬʱҲ׼ڶΰ͵ߡ
˿ڿʨȺأô˿ڿĵļ϶Ҳǵñи˿ġԸ
ʨȺɹٴδӱĶǵͶȷʵˬ
˿򡰳ԡ⣬ҪԵɡ
˿ղŻƵ౻˿ˮ
ѡqߣ
˿ʹѡȥʨȺ
˵ʨȺԸѡʨȺ
qǰ˵ϲ
Ҫq
ദļ䣬˿ǵҲûʱԼĻᡣ˿Ѿʼǰʱ𾪵ı顣
ʲô˿ǲö֪
˷ʱ䲻̫á
˿㲻᲻ȥqɡ˿΢΢Ķ⣬βԼĺ󱳡
ͷĵʨӼֱǸᡣ
ȥȥйϵ𡣡
˵ϲңμԴ
Ҫ¡
Ǹ˿˿˵һλ
ſĮھ˿ве˼ңԺҲ롣
ˡ
˿˵ֻںڵĿ֣ϲϲʨӣϲԱ๷С
˿̫
˿Ҳ
Ҫռĵ𡣡
˿
õҲֻң˵һЩЦĻ
ĸ鲻ܿסġ
ϲ㣬Ҳͳqദˣϲq
˿ֻǾ棬˿򲻹ҲҪĻȻ
̫ЩˣȋqΪӵ
˿򡣡˹һ֡
ղžȥˡ
Ҫټŭ
˿򲻺ڣԸ˿Թܴ
ֻʨӾȻҪһֻצίȫ
Ŀɨվڸ˿ǡ
ǼۣŲݼⷢ
ͻΪʨӣƬԭֻҵĸʨһ
ʨӶ
ļʺܳª˿ԭµƣվ˿Ĺͷչ
˿ûˣǺ͸˿γɶԽǵ̬ЦΪҼ㣿š
֪𡣡
˵ûк㽻/Ϊܲ˺Ͷ
ʲô
̧˿
˿һĸʨкܳڵƯƤëͷ΢ʱͷצƤëһȦȦĹԡ
ֻƯĸʨ˵Ļϸ룬Ҫ߳ˡ
ô˿˵
ǿ
/ʲô˼˿ûоҲ
ܲˡ
˿ѵ¶һãȻ
͹ˡ
˿˹ϣԷ˼׼Ҫ뿪ķ˿ߵǰһ˵һ֣ܿܡֻܲ㡣
ø˿ʹɡ
׷ͷ˿һ
ͣһᣬ˿ߣ׷𣿡
Ȼ˿˵Ļ˭϶Ὺġ
׷˿תȥֻСӣиҪ顣
Ǹ棬Ҫȥ
ˡ˿
ںۡ
һֱܴ
ĸ˿ʨ
ϲ˿ʲô
ϲлƣ
ϲ˿ƢĮư˫ۣ
ֱǲԭδ֮գ
һ͵͵Цˡ
٣Ըͻ˿/䡣
Լĸ̺̫ԣ˿ͷƳһۡܵ˿ߣһεβͺһһߵĲȵȺ͸˿롣
ҹĻ٣뿵ʨȺػԶǻûߵ˹ӵ
ԹʳqûҪԵǿԼ·ҹɫ̤˹ӡ
qԲ
㻹Լ𣿡qʵ
˼ԡ
q˵
ûʶ֮ǰΪ
q˵ͦ˼ģq뿪ʱһֱţӦ˿˹Ը˵ʽֻֻ˵İʨӡ
һ·ϣqͦģҲȽȶΨһȶʱ̴žȋqҧˡ
ΪûԳЦЦҸĪԽԭϵʱÿʱÿ̶ں¡
q⣬ҴԽǵ磬ҲẦ¡
ȋqһ·ûк˵qˣҲʣ㺦²ԭô͸˿ʶġ
Ǽһĺܡ
ԲǸ˿ҵȋqҷġ
û˵̫ϸԭĳЩֲܿ
ϱͺһڣ˿ڻûá
๷޺ʨάˡ
Ÿ˿ҺѱԼ
ȋqеۣԺǣ޺ά˲㡣
qɵãû˵
̾ɳϵĲ룬qСıȵǣ֭Һж
ԣСĲŲмĿ϶ȥ¹⣬ͷסɫҶƬצһС
룬ɿ
qЦ˵̫ţСĵС
ҵ㣬ΪһֻҰȮʬ壬ӵ˿ں⣬ҲŪġ
šϣԡ
ڲԭûôѰɡq˺ˮ쵽˹ˡ
˵ƻ˾䡣
ſǰ棬Ļͷ
ʨӵҹµ
ҲԼ˵ˡ
qǸ⣬̫ˡ
ҰȮͨȺУɱҰȮҿѾӦƬԭˡ
ΪͻȻͳӰ쵽qǣյǵġ
ѾӦƬԭ
Сϵֱѵеۡ
qתƻ⣬Ҫ˹ӴȥҲ𣿡
ˮ𣿡
ĸ߶ȡ
q˵˹ӣӺܳʮңصˮ峺ס
ſ˵ˮҰȫ棬ͿԹ
ӱ߷ɳЩө棬żˮڵϣ£סө棬ө΢Ĺâָ֡
ſͷˮ棬ˮƴΧɢ
qվڰ߹۲ˮֹͻȻܳȋqȶϣȋqƿߣߣƺ£өĹâ΢
ȋqЩԡ
ֱq˵ˮˡ
ſө棬ֻөõɷɻصͬߡ
ˮȻȋqԣȸ档ǸλмĶΡ
ûղȋqĳ棬˵ߵ𣿡
ѣҿԱȥ
˿˹ȣҵͲ̫ԡ
ڹ
ȋqһۡ
æ˵ԼԵġĲ뿴ʨӽ塣
ǹ˵Щ
˵ԣqٶʣȽˮС
ѱqߡ
ȋqȰˮһʱΧˮ졣ſվںӶ԰˦ϵˮղq۲ˮͻȻֵΣա
һʨȫϰqվһ˦ϵˮ
ظȫʪˣϣϸͳ޴ΡԼҲеΣԲǣֻܿʨӵߡ
λʪ͸·߬šˮ
ûע¶һأһֱܿ
±šһЩϣ˶תqǺĬȫƿߣ˵ˣ𣿡
ſǰߣq˼Ȼͣ£ſɣˡ
ſɵβͶ˶û˵·ĴˣָϽߡ
ܵϷʵĿ⣬ſеŭȣ·
ߵſߣʪë˲ðɣҿ϶·
̤뿵ʨȺԽԽ
q˼;Ϣһᡣ
˿˹ĵһ¸˿׷ϢִǰС
ߵֻĸʨ
̤ϿʨȺصһֻ̣ĸʨɶһˡ
qȲ췢
ĸʨĺԴϢϵԱ
ʨȺزǺܴ
qŰſ뿪ʨȺʱĸʨ˵Ҫ̫ܵԶ
qߣ·
ԼСʱҲСһʨӣԼֻͲһ
ĽˣΪ׵ĸʨӸ˺qſɣڻˣ
ǰꡣſɵҲϲá
ĸͦߵģվqߺۣղֻע⵽ֻĸʨͣ½Ųŵһʨӱײĺȣҡҡͷ꣬ͻȻͣ¡
겻ˡ
q㳯ȥ
ȋqͷ˲߰ɣq
ֻʨӲ˺㡣
ʨȺʨͦģ˵û뵽ôࡣ
ҧİŲֻʨ棬£̧Ÿȥ
ڿ
ߴһʲô
϶ûë
ֻצ·
û꣬û
ʨȺеĸʨûЩСʨǰ˽Ϊ㡣
궮ı㣬ࡣ
ʲôܳ𣿡ʵ
ԽԽͺͲƽɺĪεʯͷ߲ݴԶܡ
ƽɺĪεޱοѾһСʨӡ
q߽ǵزqͷ塣
ѾȻİź޿֪qڻ˿ط顣
ûгɹռ˿أеź
Ϊȋqqľ񣬰ĸʨ⡣
Ż˵˹顣
԰˵qӦֵҪ󣬻ֹҧ࣬qкøС
Ա߲䣬ڻ˿ġ
Ȼڻ˿Ϊʲôqˣ
qޱܣԭ࣬ԭڸ˿أص;УʨȺ˿˹ˡ
͸˿q˿ɫ͸˿ĹϵҲ֪
˿˹ߣԸģҲԸص˿ߣҰˡ
ޱͰ궼
ƤƯ֮⣬ޱͰ꿴бص㣬qԸ
صq¾
ӳڲԭ˵ĺܶ顣
С˵qҪʨȺ𣿡
qصһûʹ˼
겻֪˵ʲôˣ̾ϢqҪڸʲô
qͷŰҺס
ţǻӭͺá
Ȼq𣬰ߵߣζ
ԣȋqͣϤζʨȺҪʨһ飬Ǽסζ
ֻСʨӶڸסǵĲݴԺȿŮ
ڲݴԺ󺰣
ޱȰɡ㡣
ˣֺû롣
ޱ˵qҪ
ַƽɺҪ
ݴԺ󴫳һֻСʨӵ
ĽǶֻܿӳıſڱߵƽɺ
Ľצƽɺһ¡
ƽɺĿİͰ˵ǡǵġ
ȵƽɺ˵꣬ˣ۸ƽɺ
ҲûУֺ
һĸŮƢͦġ
ſߵֻСʨӲĲݴԱ󣬺˵
ޱ峯Եᡣ
˵ӭ㡣ƽһףʨȺʨӶԸ
ֻСʨڰſɵȰ˵£ӲݴǳʨëɫǳͳߣͳĸʨȣԵͦġ
˱ӣȺ񣬿ͦġ
ŵӦƽɺ¶һֻ۾ŵСʨͷ̧ǰֻߣ͸ߡ
ȋqСʨӵ֣ƽɺĪΡ
ǳʨӣֻֻ
ֻ̣ġ
ѹqҪأǳֻĸʨ̶ֻƽĻʨᱻϳأʣµĸʨԭʨȺʮͷʨӣʳһζҪ׽ֻɡ
ȫʨȺʨȺԳһƬ
á̾
ȋqҫ䣬ֻĸʨ̣ȫ
ĳʨȺͷЦ¡
ûߵǰͱצһơӲͷᣬ죬͵͵ĺ
Ժ׼졣
ſ˵ȣƽˣղűңƽɺĪһֻʨ
ӦΪе
ҲҪŲ˵
ഺڵС
ʨҲҪ޿κεʱڣǵЦֵ̧סƽĲԭֹڽֵȺͱ
Ŀ⻮ûȫʱ֣де׳м䣬һ߱־ԵӰ
̫ԶӰСɹȥ
գգۣղۻˡ


40
һطʱ̫á
ȺŮֹͣʨӵϡĺԣȋqĿ⣬Ƭ֣ûʲôģȋqñӲɴ֣Ѫζᵽ
̧һ£˼ʨӶֱЩʢָ̽ĥ£羰
qû׷ʵףӹ׳Ļ⣬ϲͺá
ƽɺĪΣqֻǳʨӽܡ
վڰſߣ䱸ԸǰƽɺĪҲ
צıĶ䣬qĻ
űŤŢ̌צߵߣ˰Ȧͷζ
ǳζˢԲԭµ֪
СʨӽӴͲԭжֲζ
ůİ
ɵſ죬վԭӦʵζԷ¡ƽɺĪһߵߣĪƽɺƽɺʨӡ
ʨȺﻹôСͺߵСʨӡҲɴֱӰֵݵƽɺĪǰ
ƽɺһ£ͷޱ壬ޱƽעƽɺָ£ȻתĪ¶
ֱӺϣĪξʧ룬ˣײƽɺ
ޱرԼΪʲôôһԸ񡰹족Ů˵·඼һƽɺı˵СԺԡ
ޱĪ˵ĪΣ˺㡣
ʨӶڿĪΣ·Īν밴ڴȥסζ
жĪλһȥ
ȵָȻĪεıͷ
֣ˣˡ
Ҫȥ
Īεսֹͣˡ
ĪθղŵĽǣĸʨƿߣĪεļ
˵ŴŲǺɯȥˡ
ڿ̡
qŰǵĲ˵ȥޡ
ĸʨм䣬ֻСʨĪ̸ƽɺĲ
ڻҲˣqȥһˣ˸¡Ķ
ƽɺһᣬ˵ûкܿ£ͦġ
ͲϵζʹԴհһ˲ںͱĶ򶷣˲Ŀհ׿ܻʹʧȥ
һֻĸʨ뿵ʨȺܸˡ
һ࣬ʨȺ˵ʲôأ
ȣҲࡣ
Īθ˵
ƽɺĪΣΪ𣿡
ĪδԴҲûشƽɺ⡣
ƽɺϰĪֵԸ̾Ա˵
ֲ֣ˣˣqߵĺԶˣǸϿϡ
С׷ȥƽɺͷߴĪΣĪΣ㣡˵꣬ȥ׷ϱ
ĪκʨȺһأ̧ıӰʨȺڣܲһɡ
ʨȺеĸʨһ̵̣ĳɻʣ컹ûȫʱŴͷĸʨȥԣޱߣֻ̣̣ˮĸʨʱҪһֻ/ˮĸʨĸʨµ̡
ֵ̡
ʨȺЩСһṩ˳/ˮʳ֤ǵİȫЩСһĺܿģƬϻϷ֡
ֻޱϣҧĶͲӡ޿췳ˣſ췢ͺ𾯸Щ̡
ϻΧǿտĲԭqʨȺʱ޵һʱ俴ˡ
ϲqڻˡ
վ̴ֻˤȥĽų졣Ƥʵ໽˼ˤе㷢£ܿӵ
˼Ϳ˼ʨȺеࡣ
ɻܵqǰ棬qqʨȺôģ
޺Ͱһģqڸ˿غ鲢֪
qӦ಻̤뻨˿أʵqûǳԿˣͰӻ˿͵
̼
ûqȥԼԴײqĲӣqԿqҾ֪
޿϶ԼԲˣq԰ſ˵Ȼ˵¾
ſɴӦ
ֻҪڲԭϣжĿ⣬Ӻ棬Ƕ£ֻֻ¡
ĸʨ˵仰Ĺֻȫˡqɯֻ̣ɯ̴Ӻϻɺ̽Դ
qẰ˵ҵŮɯ̡
ͷ
ֻԴŶԷöԷȳȥqڣֻ̿˷־壬֧ŹĹĵĸq
qǰȲ䣬qǵԴɯֻĸʨӣһнһаȡ
qǽ
ֻСʨû
ǳڲԭϲ£Ҫѧϰʶﻹкܶܶࡣ
ǽͰȺqĻߵߣסζ
ˣȥǳ
Ͱ֮ãֻƵܻؽϻ¡
ʨȺͦģܻ֣ϰ𣿡ȋqŴӽϻ½½Щͷ۵
˿ֻֻ̣ദĶͦġʨȺ̱Ȼ˿һȋq᲻Ӧ
ʱͦЩֵ̡
ųСʨӣɵᡣë׵̣İĻͦǿġ
õǿĻشȋq
ǻʶqȥϻϢȷʵˣϻ£ֻȫܿˣĸʨߡ
ϻܴϰ߱ô˫۾˯ı棬ۡ
ŲҪϸ
ֹס˵ˣϢ
ˬ裬еã
Ȳ¶Ůǵ˼ߵҶá
β˦ͣȶӣմͷȥƽɺĪμһ
ȵڱǰ棬˽ŮСʨûĿĻһֱ֡
Сƽɺ˵ƽɺ˵𣿡
ƽɺҲĸʨǺͦã̵ͦģͬⱴĻ
ˣ྿Ҫʲô
źͲɯˣһֻǳԵ˰Ⱥ͸⡣
ܳˣѪζ̼ǵĸй٣ֻ̼⣬ӿȥ
Ǽqˣ˲ỵ̄ǺǴкɯqͷ裬ӭؼҡ
qɯ°ϲѪ
ɯqĸֲ˲ȋqкq԰˵ţҰˡ
һʲô˼
ʲô˼ǰ߼ϻ£˯е
߲Ӱϣʹʵֲʵ
ɯͬҲ
˵¼濴ڽϻ£ɯΡ
ξֲǺǻɯûо
ȴߣ˯ĺܳĺڶķ˿
Ҫɱǰơ
qȥţ˺
ʿҡ
Ӱǵ￪ʼʨȺ͵ټqͰߵ˵
˵qʲôҲɵǵɱ
ȴˡ
˫ûн࿴ߵİš
۾Ưʱ·ֻһδѵڰ߲Ӱ뵽µ˹ӣԡ
ס۾￴˴㵵Լ
ɵ
ɵ֫建˽࣬գ˼£ſԼӰҲһһ
̵һȻˡ
ѣų˯ߣҧ
̧סӡ
Ȼq²͸ʲôܲµʲô
qοûµģڣŲ˺㡣
లȫѺ۾ȫǽ䱸ղһ˲ƽᣬˮ԰һС
ŵˣ꣬ת뿪
˯ͷˣ
̾ϢŶĳɼ̫
Ϊ˵qΪڱԹΪˣڰˣ
qúҰ̸һ̸
ŵʧ̬䵽ɯУqĹעɯʣоʨȺУĸʨ֮Ư궯
ɯqԿʨȺкľԼֻû벶Եĸʨ˵ȥʳɡ
ſɲڸ˿سԹʳ޺Ͱޱǰڳ̸ߣǳԱ˻ʣµİøСʨӳԡ
˯һỺƣ󲱾ҹˮӣÿȣƤ¶ԭ¶ȸߣʪ͸ĿӺɴѾȫˣһҿ¶ϵ˿ڣϸСƤĵԵ˿ڸ
˿ڻָĲ̫á
˿Ϳϵ»һɴţΪûʱ侲
ȹˣõĺܿ죬ҵʲʺϲԭԭĶûȡ
壿һֵ֣qظһ¡
ЦЦϰҸȋq嶾Ĵ
qеӡ󣬡ֺر𡣡
ֻԼֵĺ壬ûqͣɴ°ѿȳȺͽ󵲵ʵʵ
޵ֻһֻû֣벻ʵģΪȡһ𣿡
qദȲԭϵĶб߽УԸԸ⡣
䣬̫˼˵ȡֻ֡
ص㡣qһ㣬Сһͷۣȥˡ
ͷ۵Сʨһʯͷʯͷȥҧ
q̧צᰴıϣСʨըë⬡qջצӣСʨӵƤëֽջء
һͱһͻָˡ
˴СʨӣСʨ໽˼̧ͷעԼ̡
ûʲô£ֿʼ⡣
һֵֻ̣ĸʨȺûϲѾϰߡ
һֱû𣿡СʨӵͷСʨӶʧȥ˸տʼľ£qߣСʨҪߣqᰴס
ûУ˺ü̫ʺ
ס°ͣк߲ݡ
һͻҶӡ
ըëҾûͦġ
ͦ˷ܿqq˫Ц߲ݡ
ܺõ֡
q׾ͬˣ̫ȷˣĺ𣬲ٿǿǣ
q˵ã㡣
һᣬqһֱ
qĶס
Ҫ޵ء
qҪӦȥޣ߲֣òһ֣q˵ܺãûˡ
̵趼û߲ݵĶ䣬߲ݣ߲ݡ
qĵӣ񿴱ȱǴ˶ٵġСʨӡڿʨȺбϹĸоһֻСʨȡ֣ܵǵãҲǵ
ԵĲˣȋqͺͱȾѪղſqһֱߺ˵޵ȡ֣һֱЦͦĵġ
ȋqﲻ̫
ûʲôq߸ߡ
q׽㡣
˵ʨȺ
qҲôΪ
ʨȺһٷʢͣڽϻϢڲݵϣѺϻռ
ǵĿͶעϵġ
ҲҪȥʳ
ʮͷĸʨһѹ
Ҳܶӱһᡣ
q˵qҪȥܾԼԵġ
ҵʳҾͻ
qҲĿǣΧ㲻Ϥ޷׼ȷҵҪʳ
ܻΣգʨܶ࣬๷ҰȮҲҸ⡣
㣬˳Ѳء
ȋqڴ˿վ˵qȥѲذɣ
˵ĲҪ
qȋqûĻᣬqȋqһᣬӦˣȋqȥϤ
ֶȋq˵ȥء
ȋq˦βͣû˵
q˽ͬҲ˽q
ȋqĬӦԣqԱͬţĵȋqڿڣһȫ
qˣסĳŵ
뿪ʨȺڵĵطȋqܷɣƵƵԵʳʲô
Ӻ㣬󼦡
Ҳԡ
ǾͺãȋqԳԵʳڲԭϺҵ
ûܳԵĹӣȋqȥˮԴ׽㣬ʨȺϢλÿǺܵˮԴԶĲԶǶʨ˵Ĺȋq˵ˮԴ״ǰ뻡ΣܳŸߴĹľԣðֲгˮԴĶïܣէһɭɭġ
ˮЩǣ㸡ˮʱϵγһƣû֮ģҪȥʺϵ֦
գ׳ŵ̤롣
ȋqȥĹľԣһɫĸʨӰ̫ԶȋqҲֱǾǿʨȺʨӣͷĸʨƺ֪ȋqڿһ
ȋqĽŲͣˣ˼ӦͷĸʨǼ
ͷĸʨȳƬˮԴ
ȋqԥıӰȥĸʨٻ
ֻҪˮԴû¡ûǿʨȺĸʨ֣ܻŵ
ȋqĺȫ棬ѹ飬ȋq뿪עڵϣײߣּ˸֦ÿһ֦ڲݵز̽
һֳֻס죬һȵ壬֦ڵϣ۾ɴ
ıϢڡǸˡĻϣȺ̡ġˡٴθܵζ°Ϳļϡ
Ź侲ġˡһʶ֪ڿʨȺء
ϲġ
̧ץסǡˡϵ֣ʾ
СƵ
ͷ
ϵɿ֪ǲǴǡˡָݺݲĴ
ûһͷƾġˡεߣ϶ŵģϢţһʱСĿռȫĴ
֣/壬ȋq棬Ժﲻʱð֣͵顣
Ⱥƽ˵˿ûʨȺ𣿡
žιǵѹȸʧĺ󲱾ܲԾ
ֱϤ̹ǣ˿ҲԴ㣬𡣡
ûлͷȷϣһʱΪ˿
Կհףͷȥ˿ޱӡ


41
ƬɭɭĹľԴ˷ɢϢϮʵͲԭ¶ȣʲôʵе䡣
ڿ˿ʱֱͫӶס΢ţǲš
ƺû뵽￴
˿ûбԻ󵽡
ղϳ˿򡣽еˮ侲
ֻ̺ĸʨҵʱϲ϶֪
֪Ҳԣ˿ں뵽ʱľϲ˿ӯ
ԶԶqǣ˿ưȴԸƾټûʲôõĸʨǣӿʨȺʮͷĸʨѡ
ʨȺqȋqǰαװڲԭһϯ֮صʨȺûô
˿ʨȺǿаߣqµ飬ҧ
qסˣ϶Ҳø˿õܾˡ
˿ȫȥŬסԿʨȺԶԶ
ų⿵ʨȺ˿ꡣ
˿˵ѡqؿʨȺ
ϲ
ΪʲôҪѡq
ҵܽӴĻᣬ˿ĸʨǵնȋqע뿪
뿵ʨȺϢؽȋqмʨȺĸʨĸʨǰȋqߣ㡣
ȋqͬ԰һֻĸʨĴ룬û̫вȋqĸʨ
˿ƻһУΪ˲¶ټѡڴ
ʲô
ϳ˿
˿ʱ˵Ǿ仰˿ûŹܲ˺Ͷôܽ˿ڿҲ˿ñķʽˡ
˿һЦڴȫһ㶼˽ࡣ
֪Լ˵ȫȻ˲Ͻͣ˿ߡ
㣬ˣʿˮ˵
˿ĺɫǰסһ޹⡣
Ҳ𡣡˿ƽصֻԼ֪ŬѹƵŭѾڱԵ
ǶģǶ˿
Լģ˿лʵȥ˿ֻʣǲֻϲһ
ֻҪõ϶Ļش𣬸˿Բȥ˿qǡЩĸʨǰ̲Ĵ
һС
ô
˿ƣĶ̶ֹסߣǿֱֱԼһһʣҲ𡣡
˿ɫľľһӵϡ
˵ǡ
û뵽
Ϊʲô˿ش
ΪԼûôҪΪ鷳
ԭкܶ࣬ڿ˿֣һɶ˵
Ĭش
˿˴˵ĺΪҲΪȥðա
Ϊ뿪ˣҲ᲻ϰߡ
գɵ۾ڡ
˿ûѻ˵꣬ҧסĴ꣬ĥƬ⡣
ûþҲĥûɶ˼ȫۡ
С۵Ļû뵽
˿̶ֻϣҲ㲻ֻܳܡ
˿˿Ը졣
۾һֱ
Ƭ촽оԼˣŸ˿㲻ңҲ㡣
˫ٵĺʵû취ְڸ˿ϣͼƿ
˫ֺϸ˿̵ļһ£Ȼݿ
˿ܾùҧ첻кø˿ȥ̽
ԺԲƣڷ˿÷ֱָֻϣϰɴ
Լߣˡ
˿ڲҧĴ
Ƥģȡ
ϴθ˿ͷҪۺܶ౶
ÿ֪ˡ
ͷĵĻ
û˵ҧ
ԭ˿ͦ뾪ϲֻʣҧ͵Թޡ
ңΪ˰͸ҧףߡ
˿죬ȷʵӡͨͨģеס
˿ʣ˿ҧ𣿡
ûУͱȴԷӦ죬ȵԼĵֱ˿ҧ۽޲¡
ҧĲͬһط
˵ûǶԵġ
Ƴ˿Եɣ˿Ұϳ˿򣿡
˿ЦڲŷӦ
Ĳֹһ
˲ƤۣʹŸ˿˿ûзϣͣʱֻ˿˹֪ұʨȺˡ
˿ܿץס©͵̫赭дȻ˿˹֪ʨȺߣ˹ƶ˿
˿֮һʲô
˿ס˵֣۾濴ŰɴûѪ͸
˿Ҳ㡣
Ҫش⡣
ǱҲûģⲻŸʲô׽һ
ţ˵ֵֹĻܵҾܾ
û뵽ңϴˡ̾˿ҵˡ
ǲԭõĻ
룬ΣǧȥѣѰϳһˣҲ
ƤӻʹĲɢˣҪڸ˿ߵľûд˿ǶԴ̻ǶԴûദ̫ʱϡ
仯ԣ˿յĸмʵĻʲڡ
˿󱧹Ϊʲô̫⡣
˿֣ô˵ģ
ҰȮҧģƤˡ˿ͻȻתƻ⣬һ룬ʵʵش
ָɵġ˿ܿµ
ڶ֮ǵģֻкҰȮȺ
û뵽˺
Բ𡣡˿̧
ڵķΧͦģƬľҲ̸Ľĺõط
Цû£ڲԭ˺£ңҡɱһֻҰȮ
˿ɱҰȮʱʲô
ΣЦһͦ˽ҵġ
ͦܵģ־ֻҪڲԭϣҪһ
ֻ̫顣ɤе㷢ᣬʱ˿߶ãһ˵
Ҫָоûע⵽Լ˸˿ϡ
ġ
һȥɡ˿ִջأסļתԼ
͸˿档
һߣ˿߱һأƽӿԿ°͡
Ÿ˿װȵ̬ţ˽˿ĺϴں𿴵ļۡ
Ͳ˺Ρ
Ÿ˿ͷ£ǰĸʵ
Ҳȥˡ°ܸͣߣ鷳
ʵǸҪҰæ
˿û
Ÿղűҧװ˵ȥˡ
˿˫ַסԼӣ㲻ˣ
ڿʨȺ
ͷʨȺĸʨܶ࣬ʵqǶͦõġ
ǱԻˡ
˿˵ΪqΪʲôҪá
ѵûͼ𣿡
˿˵ֵĻҲ֪˵ʲô㲻ϲᡣ
qҲ˵ֵĻ
ܽܣ
üмʨӻ뷨ɸ˿׳ĻҲȷʵ˼
ûqΪҪʨȺ
ΪǰڲԭϵĴ˵
qͦǵģŴ˵
㶵ģ˿˵߰ɣڡ
ûqʲôͼҡҡͷУС
һĺȡ
ʨȺأأҲҪ
һ·϶Σա
أ㲻ڣбʨӻ롣
˿ĻԺҲǴ㡣
̾Ϣ˿Ƕܱ֤һж˳⡣
˿˹ʱòڸ˿ˣ;q˿ǴᶨԼľ
ҲҪܵκ˺һ˵ꡣ
˿ว¡
ˮˮ﷢
˿˵ѡʨȺĻᡣ
ҵĴ⵼㱻˿ߣẦڿʨȺʨȺ
ڣҸᡣ
ڿʨȺɡ
ֻҪеڣʱҡ
ϸ־ȡ
˿˵Ҹܵ˺¼
˿ԸԵĻᣬʨȺĸʨܶ࣬ÿֻĸʨԸ뷨һǿʨȺĸʨŽᡣ
ݸ˿ˣ·𲢲
˿ͬˡ
ЦһЦЦ
ǽ͵ʽ𡣡˵˿ֻ̺úɡ
˿û˵ɿ֣סˣʱҡ
ȻΪᷢ£ǵͷ
˿̧ͷסۣԼҪʲô±۾
󣬸˿ľԣʧǰȵʧȋq棬˿ôģܳȥҲû
벻ʲô֦ˣűߵĲҲܳȥûȋqӰ˿Ѿֻצ첦ˮ
ˮУûһᣬҧһ㣬ŵϣˮڲݵֱڡ
ˮܿҧ˵ڶϰ
ûɵ˿׽Ǹɬɬġ
˿ˣˡڰߺ
˿׽㡣
ϰ˦ëˮ׽һ㣬ûʱˡ
ĸʨǳŲ̫ʱ䣬ȋqӦÿҪˡҪڿʨȺȋqԼ
˿һۣķȥ
ȋqֻĸʨˣˡ
ȥֻͻأֵĸʨܵһ룬ֻĸʨȻתˡ
ȋq׷ȥֻĸʨֳػأȋqܳʱ䡣
ȋqͷʱĸʨ뿪
ǿɶ
ȋqڵĺӱߵ
Ӧqȫȥ
ˣȋqܺڡ
ڲŷӦ治ȥ׷ֻİĸʨصӱߣڣջķᣬţǰ㡣

ȋqβߣ׽㣬
᲻
ȋqȫǸɵģûˮ𣿡
ûУҵһʵ֦֦Բϡ
ȋqĹ۲ûqϸ¡
˵ʲôʲô
ȷʵûбĶ϶Լ׽ġ
ղİĸʨ룬ȥˡ
Ȼҿ԰׽㡣ȋqź
뵽˿ߣǸİĸʨӦǡ
һȋqһ
ĻǺ͸˿ˣ
ȻЦ
󲻵Ǻ͸˿ƽĳ档
е㵣ǵ˺󣬶Ӱ죬͸˿ˣʳ﷽Եõ
û£׽Լԡװʵͷĸʨأˣ
ȋqû˵İĸʨˣˣţ̫Զңˡ
ȷͷʨǣֻܸɳ£ʳˣǻȥɡ
ſڵϵȸ˿
ղŸǿȵıʹ˵еʱʱͷȥϵ˿ڡ
ĸ˿Լȥȋqȥڻֻ룬˿ǲǱȋqˡ
ȋqָãҧ˿
ʹ죬˿һֻ
վ
˿ǰԣġ
˵ģأ⼸ǿȵ£ֻһֻ󼦡
˿ģʳ
Ȼֻʳ￴Ǹ˿ʱ˳׽ġ
Ǹȥҧȥ͵طӦأûܵȶҪˣ˿û˴
һƨڲݵϡ
Լæ˿ϴԸصߡ
ƽʱǾԻᳰЦ˿
ڣָͬܵΡ
˻ᣬ˵ڿʨȺ
˿˵ǡ
ǿҪҪټ뿵ʨȺԣڿʨȺΪ˵ɡ
˿ƶ˵
̫á
ʨȺªһ棬ġ
֪ģ˿ϵŷ
Ǹ˼Լõȵʲôʱ򡣡Ӵأȥ
˿ɲʳһߣѾһξ룬ͷҲ˵һߡ
㲻룬뿪
˿ȥֻˣԭط
û˿˼
ͷҪڿʨȺأߡ
ˡ
ѵҪԼˡ
ʲôʱԸص߶֪
ǲڲַΪ
ǰ¶ȵʳǶûθڡ
˿˵ϲ˿
֮ǰά˵Ǹ˿İ¡
ʱûں˵Ļϡ룬ʵһʼԸ˿Ҳкøаɣûϲĳ̶ȣ͡
̧ͷ˸С
ض飬͵ȡı˲㴮ؿʨȺԭ¶ȸߣʵž˻׼û졣
ȥһˣƺܺã˰ػqߣĺϸ촽ģбҧĺۼ
Ǻȋqȥġ
qֿԼãſߣ֦Ħȋqǰֱ֫ҧĿܱߵϻûȥͦ۵ġ
Ƴ󣬹䡣
ȋqˣ˵Сˣ˵ʲô
qǵϵǱʱ
ȋqȥʳûΣհɡ
ȋqûѡϻˮԴΧֻİĸʨ룬Ҹˡ
һֻ
ţӺСҿҡȋqû̫İĸʨ£Ⱥĸʨ鷳ĸʨ̫Σա
Ħ֦еĲɣȋqqǡ
qֻİĸʨֵʱ֡
ʨȺڲԭܳʨȺֻĸʨԻ䵥ĸʨ߱ʨɱʨȺҴߴҪǡ
q¶ۼᡣ
ζǳ
ȋq̫죬ϵӡȋqɵģڲȋqƽദ
Ѿ˿ʨȺбĶ
ʨӡ
ϵӡǴۡ
ʨȺʨӻڽϻϢԭȣʨǳ˯ȥġ
ǵľ㹻
㿴ܿġq·˵һ䡣
ֶһ£˵ӵȻġ
ѵʵʵ˵q
ôȱۡ
qڰ·ס˿ǣԼ˵Իظ˿ߣܵʱqĻǼ⣬ڼȻѡ˵˿ҹ
ǰһΪΪ촽ҧġqһ仰
ȋq̧
֦˳ȥ


42
ҧ
ȋqϸ˿죬е㲻ĺ졣ղźһֻȋqûҧ졣
ûqѣȋqû
򶨣˿ҧĿ湻ݵģⶼ˻ӡӡûӣ۲첻Ȼq˶ߡ
̧Ħ£װɵҵô𣿡
ȋq˵ܺ죬еס
һںӱߵʱ֦ˡ
˵Ҳ˵ͨƤۣΪʨżᱻ̵ľҵʲô˵顣
ȋqq
ʨȺһ죬q̫ܵˡ
q촽ûбҧ˵ˡȋqΪ˵
мһۡ
ȋqյ׳βĴ档
е˷ܡ
ȋqqųģĲϸĲ㡣
Ľ̫ǣǿq̫ţȷʵûᵽζûֱӵ֤ݣqڻ̽
ಢϵһ䱸q׷ȥҲû˼qڿɲϣò״ִ
q˵Ǹˡ
ԺȋqߣôĴ⣬״ҪϢЩҪϢᵢq˽״
˴ʨȺqܻȥġ
ǻ˿ĸʨ˿
ʧȥˣͱء
˿ӵʱҲˡ
ֻʨӲٹע죬Ħ
qһᣬ뿪ȥҰſɣſڼ£Ǳȡ
qŲݵطϸſѸ۾̧ͷq۾Զʹ߿ܿĵȋq
ſ˵q㲻q˼Ѳ£ſ޺СΪ߲ʱԭ
ʵ
ſһֱΪʨȺ侲ǵqʨȺһУ²ΪȋqȻqʲô˽ֻҪӰʨȺſװ֪
qſڰſߣ˦˦ͷңſɢȣȋq
ſ֪ȋqȥΧʳȋqΣ𣿡
Ϊqεĸʨſɺqĵһġ
ȋq˵ˮԴΧһֻİĸʨˡ
ſɱǲ̧ͷƣԷq̫ˡ
Ǹհͳֵİĸʨ
ҲˣſɺqĶԻǶУǷ̯ɢȡ
쵽ǰĺצ
˼ڣ˵ǵζſɣqҿóһֱǣͬһطпʨȺζҲŨ
ңҵģʨȺ
ʨȺǲԭʨȺ
ԭϵϢܿ죬ֻİĸʨҲϢ̽ġ
ſʣأȡ
ȵű˵ſɣװɵǲ˿ֻڶûĻ
˵ġȺܳʵ
ˡ
˵ʲôࣿ
ΪʲôҪ
룬ҲҪ
̧צӰסͷʲôҪ졣
ſɿĸŮĻȣ㲻ú˵q
q˼һ£ȣֱ̫׵ŵ
ĸʨ˿˵Ļ
ȵѵʨȺȡֵ֣
q뵽߲ݣĿЩȣҪѧȥŵ㡣
Ҳŵ
q˵Ȼͷɯһİţϣ౻ҧ֮ǰҵ
ȥ۾
۾Űſɺq
qҲ˯ɡ
ȣqĻӱϢĿϢ
q԰ſ˵˵ʨȺİĸʨ룬ҲʨȺʱ㶢
ȋq⣬Ҳ̫
qûͰſ˵ҧ
ʱˣۼ̫ԡ
øȥӡӡ
qֻԼġ
µһ쿪ʼʨȺӭ˹˿ֻϵ˴Ŀġ
ĸʨ˹˿ڣ˹úҽһ£ôŪһˡ
˹˵ܣڸ˿˿ʨȺֻʨӡ
ΪϵԵʣȵëɫĸʨëɫ԰ʨȺкֻۣʨΧߡ
ʣͿʨȺ˳ͻ
˹˿һۣ˹˵˳ͻ
˵Ҹ߹㣬ʨȺڸ˿ؾͻ򲻹ǡ
˹Ҫף˿زʨȺˣҺ޷ǵء
ȺȻ죬Ǹά˸ɴ˹ϣûˡ
£ȣ˹뿪ڻû
ŷ̵Ҳ׽ʱͻˡ
˹˿û˵֪ά˷ʲô飬£ǲ˵άˡ
ֻĸʨ쳣ĳĬȿǣ˹ᣬ˿ϵζ
˿еš
ζǳһҹܻʨȺմȾζҲɢɾˡ
˹ûʧܣɹ˿ʱ˵ͬϧûУ˹ôǱ̬
վм䣬˿ʨȺ𣿡
ûС˿̻ش
˹ȴͷ
ֻĸʨͬƵĻشֻĸʨǡ˹ʱ˵ǻͻ˿һܡ
Ͱת˿
˿ĶĿԴӾ֪׷ĸܺͿ֣˹Ҫ˵һ
ȣǲʨȺ۸ĻˣֱȴӸ˿צߡ
ǿŮֿ˿˿򣬡˿򣬻˵˻˺׽ʨӡ
˿ͷǰ֫ſڵϣƲ˵
ˣԱȲǰҵıӻţ
˿ƻ͸Ը񣬿ɽ˹ҲȽܲˡ
ͬʱȾ˲Ծ
˿ͷĸʨܻƭ˹˹ѵ˿طȫҡ
˹̧۾ȶӣ˵ʨȺ˻˿
˹Ҳˡ
Ȼڲԭôã⼸ֻĸʨʲôһ۾Ϳó
ûǸ˿һࡣ
˵ˣԭôҺܿͻ֪
ˣ˿˿صûУ
˿ĺˣ˵࣬˹ʾ˵
Ͱһ˹˹˵ʲôʲô
ûС˹ƽ˵
ȾһᣬȷĲ룬ͬʱҲһʧ
˹˵ûУ˿ɿ
վ˲ȣҺ˹ֶۡ
ȱͰȥԡ
ߺֻʣ˿˹
˿ȷԶײײ˹ͷа˹ղŵĻشҶƭ
˹˵̫磬Ȳһš
Ū̫Ǳˡ
˿ߣ˵ʵȻΪӣȾԻĴצǡ
˿ſʨȺķ˵qӦðʨȺˡ
ӦʨȺ𡣡
Ӧߵġ
ֻҪԸⱻצġ
˹ͷϵˣתͷ˿Լˣ˿ϵˡ
˿̾УҿƲס
һ죬Ҿһ졣
Ըңͦġ˿ԽԽģβɨ˹צӡ
˹˵˭ͦġ
һᣬ˿˵˹ɨˡ
ϵ˺ˣҪȥ
˹Ļ룬ȥʨȺ
˿򣬱ͷԡ
˹ΪеӰ˿Ĵжϡ
˿ˬԼҾһͷĸʨҪôࡣ
ҵûзйȥ˿ҧŵϵĲݸϡ
˹ǻԺĸʨˡ˿۾ð⣬ԭûʨĸʨȺֹʨȺһ
ĸʨ˺󣬶ԸʨȺ׵Ķࡣ
˿ĸʨȺѡˣһѡǣǵʵǿ󡣡
˹ûкͿʨȺΪ෢ĦҲѡͿʨȺˡ
˿ȴܣô֪вС
˹ģ˵ȡ
ʨȺҪıˡ
¶ûߣqɯŰȥѲء
ڵʨʨȺرȽƵڿʨȺζǣqҪЩζǵ
Ū˻ûĸʨΪΧΧ
ȥҧסһľֹǰ
ľĶͷе㿴ˣ죬ǰ̧֫һ£ľҧϳ˦̿Źӣһȥ档
ĪſڵϣŻ翴ڻϿһΪǸоʡ
ȼĻڿʨȺغۡ
˿վǵ⡣
ѡһô׳Ĵֻ̱ϣͼߵλá
ʷʵĶڻΣצҲԵŵĵطҧβ
ץһƤƤ䵽Ϣϡ۾ϵĻС
ԭλãʵˡ
˵Ե̫ˡ
֦Ųס㡣
ѹſҪȶӣ˭Ĺġ
úٻԱ£ĶӴ󡣡
ҧĶ䡣
ֻϴ֣˿ǣڿצͻȻȿҪʱ˿ʱסĺ󲱾
˿˵Ҫ棬
ȷԣ
˿צӿɴ·С˵
ٽӻܿ𡣡
Ļ𡣡
˿û˵˵Сһ
˿û˵Ļֻ˵ˣ
ͷûңңұղ۾
۾Ĵģ˿չʾж
˿˵ֻҪһȥ
֦ġ塱˿˵ĻѸٴţβͣڴŸ˿
˿˵ȥԣԼԼ
塱ʱˣӶƤ
Ӷһȥ̧ͷ˵˿ҲҰɡ
˿ܾˬ䡣
Ļ
ǲҰ㡣
˿˵̫ˡ
ǻ죬ֻһֻӲ𣿡
˿ʧȥ˵ģһλãҴ㡣
Ǳˡ
ܲҪ˿ĺ󲱾ϰɡ
Ļ
ߺ¡
Լȥ
ȥȼĻںҹиۡ˿ϵ˻᲻ˡ
ֻſϢһڿУ׵ҹ˿ĬĬػš
վڸߴԭϱӣʳྡ۵ףȻֻ˹ϵͷˮʨ
ǵëûкŨܣǳʨԭʨȺϳǻᴳ벻ԭʨȺأսʨȺʨӶԭʨռʨȺ
ֻǳʨˣɲ̫
ˮۼһڰϢᣬǱһֻʨ
˿ߵϣˣֻʨάˡ
ûлصʨȺֻʨһֻʨĵûбֳţȻڵϡ
ά˲ĺӱߵͷˮ
ǴλǿʨȺʨȺĽ˹ӿʨȺء
ڴڿʨȺʨѡ뿵ʨȺΣա
˿ֻʨĶ
άˮ˦˦ëϣſֻɵǳʨߡ
ҵô
ʨȺ̴´ңһҧһס
ǳʨСɵ
ʨάڽǣûйǣǱ˽˵Ը
ʨάˣ˵
ʹеȷʵһģһ
̫
һֻʨ˦˦β˵㲻ʨȺ𡣡
ҪŪǿɲס
ʨȺôռ죬ͱռˡ
ά˵ʨȺĸʨ̫ˣһֻ
лһֻĸʨס
ǳʨ˵㱻ԭʨȺĸʨˣ
ά˽һ£˵ҲҪˡ
˵ʨߵʨ̧ͷάˣܺãȥռԭʨȺ
򵥡
ǿɲĸʨٻϡ
άҲ˵ʨ濴ֻܵǳʨӣͷʨǾȻĴ򲻹ʨȺĸʨ
ά˶ʨȺûʲôˣֻʨȥȥֻάҪռ쿵ʨȺ⼸ֻǳʨռʨȺǾά˵Ļռ쿵ʨȺ
ǾϢά˳
ϵ˻ûãǵ̬ѵֻʨֻʨ¡
ڵ˦βͣ˹ȥʨȺأάתߣȻǱڿʨȺϢĽϻ£ĳ档
άڲݵϣʨȺĸʨࡣ
Ǽ𣿡
ֻʨ뿴άˡ
տ˹ӣûҹС
ֻʨ̤뿵ʨȺأǵĿ¶ò¡
˿ǡ
̧ͷһ׼˯˿˵ά˴ֻʨҪֿʨȺ
ǳˡ
άˣǰ
ǵĿʨȺĸʨڿʨȺ
ô죿Ƿˡ
˿ڸϿȥʨȺqֻʨ֡
ϿǸ̤˹ӡ
ֱΪǡ
ȻqͬΪĸʨqûн飬ͻȻܹȥqŲһ£ҪôԼڿʨȺأ
ֻʨһ·Ǻ
Ǻȵʹ
Ҳȥ˵Ҫȥȥ
˿϶Ĳм
϶С
ûΣյѡҡ˿һۣǰצסɣϲҪֱӴء
ûʱĸʨף˿Żѵķܡܳ׺صĽŲ׷ˡ
Ҳ˿ٳԽ
ĸʨȥqʨֵ飬˿󣬷ֹֻʨײ˳ڸ
ҹ£˿ǵӰڿʨȺϣΣͷ


43
ʨȺĸʨǲ֪Σ١
ʨȺֻĸʨſɴޱڸתתûޱһǰһصϻ¡
ĹӱߣҧŹӺܿϳɼأһᣬһ̵ֻĺȰ˦
̲ϷС
ô͵ǳʨأǶԴ̲ĸʨôᣬʱ̾ǵߡ̵ĽлߵߣӺܵ͵ĺ
ɿ죬̵˵ϡ
ԲԲԿǣ
㼷Īߣس⡣첻һ㣬ñԣܽ
һᣬƳĪΣһڻϿʼһֱſ￴šޱƽɺߣޱë
֣ĪôСĸʨڲˣ
ĪεĶߣĪΣÿ𣿡
Ī˵ʶ˵ÿ
ȿϷʵĪηӦԼ˵ʲôǿһԷ̣ûע⵽ͱ
Īϸϸ˵ҲǸ˼
ץסİѱ˵Ҫƽɺޱ塣ˣĪҲ׷ȥ
ſɲԣĪ׷Ҹϣ˵ϵá
˽ⱴĵУβ˦ӣ۸ĪΡСʨֻ֣֮Ҫ̫֣Ȳ̫ܡ
ǺȼĻѲס
˿˿ȥʱӸֻܳʨŤͷҶеĸ˿˼ڴǰߡ
ǷŲŵͺ
ḻİſɺȻǸоİĶںҹпǵ۾
ſɴӲݵȥĸʨϡ
qڣǱſɵġ
ȋqҲߣĸʨֵıСʨӰע⡣˲öĪˣƽɺһĸʨ档Ī·Եʱ룬˵òҪܣΣաϸϸģѧʱ׾Ů
ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
Īαܿ׷ƽɺͱ
ĸʨǺƺƵ̵ĲǺѲصֻĸʨĸʨȫڡ
ǾôײһȺĸʨ
ͣ½Ųˡ
ſϳͷĸʨʲô
ͬʱſɻܣ˿Ҳˣ
ſһֱǵʨά˵ĸʨǺ͸˿һ˺ûۼĸʨǺͻ˿һĳĸʨͻȻ룬ſɲòġ
qqڣſɲŹκһ˿Ծĵط
ûɵϻ˿Ҳڣ˵ʵľ룬˵ҿά˴ֻʨ̤˿ʨȺء
Ӧÿˣ
Ҫܿӭս׼
ǵӲ٣ά˴ֻʨʨȺ϶ҪռʨȺֻʨˣԿʨȺش
ǣǺĸʨǵĹϵãĸʨͻȻڿʨȺ˵ֻʨ룬ſġ
ϸµȋqеɻ԰ſ˵ͷĸʨĳ̫ˣҪȫĻ
ſɻصʶΪ
ȋqǸˡ
ſɲҶģʨֵأqڣſĸʨǾĻ𣿡
Ǽצڵϲ£ԥˣڸϿ̲
ǻ׼źϽ뿪ʯֵʱɺάгάڵĿǿʨȺͿʨȺĸʨһά˱˺ҧ
ſǻš
˵qأҺq˵
ſɳ˵ȥѲˡ
ȋqߵſߣ˵ңôʨȺء
ǺܿӦԣ˵һֱˣʨȺز֡
·Ҳ˵ͨ
ȋqӰͻȻĸʨǲ㣡
ǷϣȋqҲš
ǹϳϣҡ
ȋq԰ſ˵ֻĸʨ绹ңǱţſɣš
ʨȺĿĺܿΪ
ȿǵҲˣ˵ʨȺء
ͻ˿˺άˣһģƭǡ
ǲ֪ôԽԽڣ˵Һ͸˿ûϵҺѣ
ûŸ˿ʱһֱǱǴʨȺҾˣ˵Ļֱͦ׳ۣܵҲŲţ
ޱ屣԰ſ˵ҪȻȥqq
ſ˵qȥѲˣһֻʨѾʨȺȫҧˡ
Ȱˣ˵ǲžˣҰߡ
Ҫǰȋqķ˼סȋq˵俴ſ΢΢¶ǰһԻҧ
˵Ҵάҧô졣
̫˽ˡǷ߷߲ƽ
ҲߵȋqλãʱǶݷ֮ǰìܣĸʨǡǱʾǲǰߡ
Ϊǻܣû뵽ֻĸʨԭת˼ȦҪԱƹǡ
ȋqһһǣǵͺӡŰſɵĲ棬м
ˣͦصġ
˿ڶûãҲҪӲʨȺ
ſֹסȋqȶǵĹȋqȣǻȥͲһ̴ȫĵط
ޱ壬Ѳӡ
ſվǵĻ
ſɡȋqһǵצӣƭˡ
ȋqǲðաſתͷı˵ǿȥ߲ǡ
ʶԣ԰ſ˵ſģһǵġ
ֻСʨӸ߼ſɲС࣬ǴҲغá
СʨӶſɵĻȥˡ
Ҳѡԭ·ȥ
ȋqӰſ·βʹţ˵˾䣬ȥqһ
ſɿĸʨԸľ
ĸʨǡ
ſɶ˵ֻҪûƭңһסεĶ顣
Իȥˡ
ǻᱣ
ſɴޱˣǴԭء
󲿷ĸʨص˽ϻ£ǹѲڣȻĿĴﵽˣȷʵûȥˡ
ȥء
˿ĳϿŷһС
Ҳһ顣
룬ſԭز
ֻʨʨȺʱqûмʱϻôܰﵽʨȺ
һɲ⡣
ܿӸղĸʨҴҵĲУ֪˷ʲô顣
ȸֻʨ˿ʨȺء㶵˲䣬˵ĸʨǸǵġ
ȿһʹŨܵĺڽڱһӰҪ㣬ܵ˺
򴽣ʲôȲ²
ر𲻰֡
˻ʨӣ㻹ǱĶû
ȼ仰ѹϣȫĴˡ
죬Ҳûжʲô
ԲţкųŪĹ⡣
qͰſɶڣûʨӻȶ˵ʲôϣ͸˿ܲ𡣡
㣬㲻᲻֪ɡ
ĸʨ˿˹ΪԲҪ
ĸʨҲǡ
ȋqӻҲҪ㡣
ڻԣÿ˵һ䣬ɫѿһ֡
ȿĲӣ῿ᣬ㵽ױٶζȾ
ǿʱӶԷζ𡣡
Ƣ̫ãҲȵĻɹŭĺƽеŭȼŵĻӦ
æŴȥȫĵصƽɺ̡ܵ
ĪθǺ棬ʱʱῴԵȡ
ƺ˵ʲôе
ĪεĽŲ
ȫȣͷĸʨ˵Ļĺܲ˵ǲԭϵĽʻÿһֻҪȥǡ
²ڶΪ
ͳ/ɫı֡
Ϊ
ڵӣǵòļʡ
̧ȵĲӣĸʨƤëɢ¶ȣŵԵú/ֻаôܣ
ߣҲҶʲô
ûжִĲϡ
Ȳ˵ˡ
ɿȲϵ֣Ķⴧҡ
һ
վõ㴮ڲһ֦˻֣ѿܻʨĻѴ𣬴߹ȥ
Ϯȡ
ϲǣĪæջٿ
ǺϤˣǰ档
ǿȻڻԣȣϿǡ
ѵȻȸеȡ
еȵȴ˵Ĵ󵨵Ļȸɲqȋqݡ

qû
̫ˣ˦˦βͣ˵
ļֱͦ͸һɾǿ
ȲԼ˵ˡ
ȺͲһ̴ϻҵĲݴУƬݴԴеôߣſԺܺñء
ǻ֪Σս٣ڲݴϷֱ֣ʨƿմ
ںˣڲǺߡ
ȶԲ˵ʨˡ
ǵӿ죬
ʨ˰ſɺޱ壬ֵܵס𣿡
ȣ㿴̣ȥǡ
òǲҪţѾתƳſɺޱ򲻹ܣûôɵ
ô˵΢ġ
ŵĻֱڵϣյ֦ʱըĪһ
ʨڼǽֽƫƫqڵʱ򡣡
qûά˷ͻʨȺ㣬űʨռǵء
˵ǰҺqڸ˿ƺѾʨȺҪʨȺqܾ
û뵽ʨҪռʨȺ
ǷĲУʨ
ǿ̣֪ſɺޱôҲ֪ȋqqһ
Ը˵ܵĿ죬ȥ
Ȳͬðա
˵ҴƽɺĪΡ
ҧĶ䣬ţ֪֮ǰ߹ʨֻſɺޱԸܳ
׿ȸղĪĶ⣬ͦŮ
ӽϻ뿪û˵һ仰˿˵Ƕǰǻ󡣡
ֻǳĸʨȥһ²пʨˣ˵
Ȼ˼ȥ
Ǻȶ
˵ʲô죬ֺϡ
ȵĿڸбȲǿȻϡ
£໹ûء
˼±ԴҵŮҵ飬һ̻ڲԭ沶Եļܣڡ
ǣеִ˼˿ô̵ֻġ
Ը˿ô㶼¶ݵ
ȷǹġ
ø˿
һһͷˮôˣ
ȣôоС˵ûô˵̶̵ʱֻܿԸͦõġ
ûʨӱȣԭĴǵģͻһ
qǷֿ
̾ϢûҵĹϵ
ȾȶҪе˼°΢ţ¶⡣
Աߣɨβʹĺϣ˵ƾʲôľȿ
䣬ȹҪʮ꣬ǵƣ˿ǲԭģҲȡ
ĸ˿أ
ôʨȺ
Ϊ˿ûҹԼ
촽һ£˵Ȼ
Ÿ˿ء
˵˿ɬҲֵ
ĲǾſ죬ͷݴ񣬡ȣ˵ʲôأ
಻á
ͬʱ͵͵ķӦ
üһһ˵˾ʲô壬ȵˡ
˵㻹
ݴְβʨĺĸʨġ
ϸq
qˡܸˡ
Ŵ˷ĺqӦúֻʨڴ򶷡ǻھҪҪȥqȴӲݴվ
ȥqȶԲ˵
ҲͲ
ʨȺĸʨʨܣ˽٣Ȼֻ·һղŵ״ֻĸʨڣſûס̣Ȱ̲qˣҲӦȥܴصʨ
ǰ棬Ǳֹеӵģʾںæš
һ˲ľᡣ
Ϊ̡ܱ
qؿʨȺǿʨȺĳԱˣΪԱҪæΡ
ǶĿ⣬˵ܾĻ˵ڡվһᣬǴͷصߣԸ档
ǻͷȱԹ䣬Ҫ棬һҪȥûܵġ
Եģ˵ʨά˵Ĳһ¡
ͦѪ
ǵһ濴
ȲܣֻʨֻҪɵԹԺһ
Ż֣ʹҹܿǰ̵Ķϲʨм䣬ʹûаȫС
ЩʨӵĿⶨϣ岻ֻҧϵĸоں棬ڶˡ
ԭ·ȥ̵Ľųܸϡ
ǺҲǣߵĺ
뷢򶷵սԽʨĺԽԣȺͲһſ¹۲죬Ǽһ𲻶һֻ಻١
΢̧°ȥǲĸʨռϷ磬Űڴϵֱҧһ£˭ҧĺľɤ
˿ſ̧ͷ
ԼеۣΡ
˿ôôʨѣĿŵԡҺʨǶǰĸʨʨע
˿ҧ½ǣҪ뿪
۲ǺȣûвֻսľŸ˿ĽŲߡ
졣
ҹĻֳΪı־뿪ʱĪεƳˡ
ƽɺͱǰ棬뿪Ļǲᷢ֡
ȻƮԶЩĪƹ̣
˻ƯߵƤë
뵽Īûгɸȥ
̽ܰɡ


44
˿Ϊչֳʮġ
ҪڿʨȺûǰ˿Ը桱һЩصϷ
ʨȺĸʨ־ͺá
ͦԶˣ˿ûҪͣ˼˵˿Ҫȥ
̫Զͷ¸ղ뿪ĵط
ܿտĲԭʺϺ˵˿һ߲ŲݴԵĵطܰӰڵס
ڵϣĲݴӰڵס
е죬̼ġ
о˿ĵر󣬵ȻҲǡ
˰ؿڡ
˿ֱۣûµ˿ڡ
һĲ裬˿ʣڵq
⿿˿˵㣬·ڵһϸ졣ڿʨȺȺĸʨζ˿ı
ǣ㵣ġ
㲻Ϊˡ
ĻǼ٣˿ĵȷȷȡõˡ
ԼҲġ˿ҲһһһֽķʽԷ
أǲСıʨ֡
ǱҲϡ˿ĿһźСĺڵ㱻ǣҲ㡣
˵õģڿʨȺĲ
Ͽǻذɡ
ǣ˵ֻʨء
˵˵ţȻߣҲ֪
˿ܵȥʨ飬ʨӺʨ֮׹ͨ
ĸЦ㻹á
ûǸ֪ѰſɣʨȺܵͻϮһء
á˿Ļһ㶼á
ܵ˺ȥ֪ͨʨȺĴʨӡ
Ҳںǡ
ںǣںǡ
˿ȣ͸˿ĺܽԺﲻð˵Ļ
ʱ侲ĬĬ󳷣Զ˸˿
лл˵
˿ڵҲľƽϢ
Ҫ˵лл˿˵ҲҪлл
û˼
ԭ۽ޣ̲ס̧ӡ
ȲƽҹҲӰǵ
˼ҵģ˿ܺãʵʵġ
ݺģ﷢š
˵ڲԭϡзֱ̫ˣǵѡ
ʼձһ뿪ƬĲԭֻѣֻѡ
̧졣
ʲôʧˡ
ԺͶǲֵ̫֫ӴǣȣȺëѪĶԺҰԻţʵʲô
е㲻֪롣
˿ã̿֡
˿ûҪΧת
ллһ˵ʲôءӲһЦ
һ㿴ף˿ɬġ
ղк˼룬ֲദ
˿צӶ˶һ㣬¶ۼһ
˿ס
ղŵĺгʧˡ
˵ܶࡣ
˿˵Ļ˿βͼת˼Ȧڴ
ǲϲĳֻ
ֻǰ
ϲɱлл㣬ٱ
¡
˿˵Ļܶࡣ
뵽Щ߳ˣѵ˿򻹰ѺĶԻһ˵˿
ֲԭĶﶵתȥΧ
ҡָŲݵأҪЩֻʨĺڶ߸Ƶġ
ҵûȥˣ뿪̫ûᱻ֣һҪqչ̡׾תƻ⡣
Ҫվʱ򣬸˿ҧסϵĺɫС㡣һͷҪҧϵĺɫС룬ʵѣ˿Ȯݲ䵽һ㣬
û̫棬ֻΪ˷йһССŭ⡣
䣬оһ¡
άˣֻֻǳʨ
ĸʨǿ԰Ǹߡ
չСʨӡӦҲ쵽βˣ˿΢΢塣
Ҫ˵뿪ʨȺء
Ҫǰǡ
һ㣬Ҫܾ
һҪҪЩʨȺĸʨͦģҪǼܲס
˿ҹҲۣԼ
ʲôû˵ʲô˵ˡ
ʼϲɡ
Ժ߰ðԼ
áЭˡ
˿˦˼βͣԼ
룬˵ڡ
ħƽĵѾѿĽꡣ
ȸ˿˸½ǣ͵͵ȥ
ù졣
ڿʨȺȴҪʱʱ˿ԭʱѭ浸صڲԭᵽûĴ̼
żðĹľԺâڵҰ޵ӰӣŵĻơӰӣһСĹâΪ·
ϰԼںӰӣһֻģʨӵӰӺӰصһܿͷ
ϵֻʨӡ
ߵĪΡ
ô
ղź͸˿汻ˣ
ķȣЦЦĪΣ
ʨϸϸģǵҵ֡
š
ĪƺͦĵģߺϣҸղȫˡ
ͻ档
ĪεĻ׻ǵһ롣
ĪΣʵҡ͡
Ī¾仰Ծ
Ҳqġ
¡
Īγ˼ǲ̫Ӱӳںһ
Ӳ˵лл
Ī˵˹ͬܡ
ֵֹġ
˵ĪΣҲ˵ѣҺͺ͸˿ֻǵһ棬ҵѡ
ڽ㲻ңĪθĸо·߰Ұټ׺ߣ׸
Īһֻʨӣֻǳĸʨġɬȥʨӵצ
ǡ
ҲѡĪֱ˵ɬ۾ͷҲ˵
ȷʵû뵽
ãá˵ã˵ʲôء
ֻСʨӿܳʵƭɡ
ıq֪͸˿棬ĵq֪˿أʨȺҧ˿
ˣĪ͵͵
ӵܡ
ǡ
Īαȸ˿ɬʵû뵽ԭԺȵΪõ˽ͣĪȻ
Ϊ֪ܶ˷ܡ
ʨȺӦΨһһ֪ġ
һ޶
Ժصϵһһ仰ֻ֪еĺ塣
ġ
ĪαΪͲԭϵʨһʨȺȻѧĸ׽̻漼ܣʨȺոһղԣأֱȥ
qࡣ
Īκ࣬ʹֵıƽɺͬſȴᱻ֡
ڣ֪ˡ
ĪԤҪ졣
ΪȲûġ
ûģܵġ
һʨȺǰڣĪߵߣӶ˶ֱ໺ţֲź
Եζ
ϧ̧֣Ӧ¡
Ī˵ϻζء
ᱻ֡
Ⱦҵζɡ
һᣬ
ĪεóԸĶܺܺõĿסֱе̵ͷǳǳĥһƬ
Īνˡ
ȥƤ
ɬ˵ֱζ
ԣϥ³Īƽӡ
ĪͷͶ䣬ҪѧһĻĶʱֵס
ûʲô顣
ĪʱռݵͷԷֲһ˿ѡ
֪˼
ֻΪմζұһС˵쿪˫§סĲӣʮɿ
ı״ʲôζǶᵽ
ᵽԼζɣѡ
е㷳Ͻȥ
һµĪȫ벻ķʽںһӰӷֿĪ׷ȥ
㣬Ҫࡣ
ˡĪϸԺȥʳ
ⲻܾġq̫ϴηҪĸʨ
Ҫqġ
ҲԸõıܡ
û˵
ӰֺһĪλڵĻش
ĽŲӿˣĪȸԾľʧ
ǲţûѡ
ĪʨȺĴڸвߣ˼ϸ塣
ڷ
ͻ˵Ҫ棬ˡ
ûзң˵Сġ
Ϊ㣬ҿװ֪
ͣĪθͣͷ˵һqҪңڣԲ˵ˡ
ֻССʨв
ó
Īεĸޱ¶֪ߵŮвɡ
˲ò࣬ʨҲһ
ĪίͰ˵ֻ㡣
ͻ档
Խǰߣβţڰ밵ĹµıӰܹ¶
˼Լǲ˵̫ˡ
Ӳ
ĪδӸղšƿߡλתɡ޺ߡ룬ֻҪһѡ
ĪεԸ󣬱ƽɺദӦеѹ
뺰סĪǰһͷĸʨޱ壬Īû£ޱģſ¶Īλ£ߣԼܡ
ں棬ޱɻĪΣһģ
Ī˵ǡ
Һ¡
ޱıӣϴθʨ¸ңֻʨǳ꣬ڣú¡
qѾʨˡ
ͰſΧѲ˷ֻʨſɺֻǳꡣ
Ϊ׵άϵ˻ûá
Ըǣſûôˡ
άҲǵʵûôǿҹͻϮĿҧʨȺ̣ϧ˿ǱţͻϮš
ֻĸʨֻʨû̫ʤ㣬ſʱ䣬ȋqq
ʱĸʨǴԱߴܳսְǴֻʨ
ĸʨܰһֻʨעޱͰſɳŵȵ˳ȥѲصֻĸʨ
ĸʨѹʨǳʨʱ䲻ǺܳǵĴ򶷾鲻㣬Ǳά˵ĻģҲڿʨȺȥ
ĸʨ׷Ŵ׺ݺУֻǳʨǿиɣ˼ܡ
ά˱ֻĸʨΧסצ˺ҧֻܣҲ֪ٴȥֻаϣһֻĸʨͷԾȥһȳһǱܡ
ȋqȥ׷qסֻʨĸʨ϶˺ۣҲ˴󲿷֡
ʱڣֻʨʨȺûҪȥ׷һҧòʧ
ʨˣĸʨûߡ
qſ˵ʨʨȺľĸʨǡ
ĸʨǵĿĲʨȺȷȷʵʵˣǰqԥǼʨȺ
ڣйǣĸʨͲ̫ʺϡ
q˵ллİҪҰæҡ
ǺƤڣھҪæ
ſֱ᲻õҪ󣬹˲ñ˺ѳһ˿ڵĶ䣬ҪȰ
q˵˵ꡣ
ɨһȦΧߵĸʨŬֱͦҰߡ
qЦ¶ò£Ȼ
ܾС
ðɡ
뵽ᱻܾ˶ΣҼ뿵ʨȺ
qܾͬǣ֮ǰҪ¸ҵĶ࣬ǷҪʨȺѰ󱣻ʨӡ
ѾѡڿʨȺҲǰʶٴγֶҡġ
ǣܸлθʨֵ飬ڿʨȺأҲ׷
Ǳqһ˵ʲôжҡġ
ѵԺҪһֱڿʨȺ
qռʮĻô¡
ǻˣΧߵһȺʨӴ˿ܼľҪ棬ܴ
ʹһֱʨȺΪʲôҼ
q̾ǣĺܻѡ˿ʨȺûб
ڿʨȺҿΪ
ͷһξqº͵ʨҧгݡ
ķŭ̫ԡ
ƻĿеһ̣Ҹм㡣Ըɡq˵
ſߵߣ֮ĹϵŪ̫ղŵҪq棬ȥɣҪæǡ
ǶΪ
һȺƭӡ
˿Ǻã
ײǰȋq죬ΰɣǵġ
ҵſ뿪ǵһ졣
qСѡڿʨȺأϿ뿪ҷˣҪͬС
Ƕһ£ǰߡ
qû˵ǵ
ޱָ֧˿
ҲһqĻ˵˿
˦βʧںҹ
һƽ½٣ĸʨǻصϻ£һû٣ĪΡ
һһʨͬʱʧæ˵˵̺ġ
·һֱš
ȺͲǸղֻ˿ʨȺʨû̫ע档
ȶq˵Ҵˣû뵽ܣʨ𡣡
qûֲǻȣȥҰɡ
ĪҲڡޱ役˵ѵһ⡣
롣ſɰο
ĸʨǷּȥңƽɺҲѰҵĶС
ޱŮУС·ѲӣĪΡ
Ī
ޱͺλãܿĸʨǶҹ
Īκһǰһĸʨǲɻǲܵġ
ĪΣĪǸߵӣͷޱ°Ͳ˵
˸ţ˵ֻʨ֣㶯еֻʨӺ͵ϮҪȥ鿴һ£ĪҲˣͺһ𡣡
ޱŮ㲻Ϊʨ𣿡
Īλͷһۣ˵˵ʨǺ͵Ϯ

еôȰ
ޱû룬ȵĪκתơ
qŲŲ֪ȋqˣû¾ͺãȥɡ
ͷĸʨȺﴩȥ
Īȥû̫
qһȦûκ
ĪǸʵСʨӣqϣֻʵСʨӲҪ˵ѡ
ᵽϲϵĪεζ
Ҫĺܽɡ
Īκͱ֦˭Ǵյһ
ȹĪһ˵Сʨ̫翪ɲá


45
Ī˵ҲῪ
һֻʨӡ
ȺͬУᵽĪεζ֤ݣֻСʨӺͱƽɺȣĪθ۸һ
СȻ⡣
ҲϣĲס
һֱߣĪͶߴɻ󲻽⣬˵˾䣬СĪΣҿ㡣
ȺʹӺİͬС
ûԱ߿ĪɬŵƽƽɺͱԿ˳׷ȥ˵ֻʨ㼷ңҼ㣬Ӻ濴ȷʵܺá
ŵ֫ʹԻûֻʨļл΢΢죬Ϣͺܴأߣϵ
ǰ棬ֻҪ̧ͷܿqȥѲأٺʨһܣðŰĴָ
ȺͰŵĹϵҲͦá
ŴӰſɿ֪Ϊȋq飬һֱͦ棬ںһ𣬰ȋq˵ʲô
ȋqܵ鱻ʨȺԱ֪£ȲԼд
ȋq˵ʵ
ΪʨȺġ
Ȼ˵ȋqΪ౻ҧˣ˽һ㣬Ҳû
Ŵż˵qòǰˡ
˵Σյġ
ҿĻһĸʨǰߡ
Ҫҧ࣬ȿŰŵĻȹһΪ˵͵͵ҧ
q㣬㿿̫
űҲ뿿ŵϵζҾͶġ
˵ǴʨȺֻĸʨģ
죬ʨӣ˶ٸˡŵ
ͰŶĿΪӽ˦˦βͣ˵ֹ
Ťȡ
Īһʧ˵𣿡
밲ڲ棬û̫ʨӣȲҪ˼˭Īεζء
һֻһСʨӣʵڲ뻳ɡ
ǱʶΪҲʵĽ
ĪεԸ
ǣ
ĻﲻֲڶΪĵӡ
ʨȺСʨӣõСʨӳĻ
̤ڲݵϵĽŲأڶĹ۸иˡûҪƭĪκʧһǰһҲɻ
̴˶ٵĪʲô
ͷǵĽ͡
ŴһڴңĻҧ
ñƽɺԶ㡣˵
˵Ů˽Ȥ
СʨԶûʲôá
ӦʨȺġô
ôЦˣʲôô
ĸʨҧĻʺСȋqǴδӵùʨ֣ĸʨҪ񱣻һ
Ȳ˵д˼ŷǣǡ
ŵ涼⡣
˵һ£
qҲ⡣ŵ˸ɬ
Ⱥߺqŵ
뷨ȋq²͸
ҿɲٵˡ
˵ʱȵ񱻴һ£
ǻϲ
ŴӸ˿뿪磬֮ſɺ˵Ĳ̫ϸȱ˼ſɴûк˵
ԼʣſҲͬ⣿Ƕͬ⣿
˵ֻҪqԸС
ʨȺǺ¡
ѵ룿
û̻ش𣬺һ˵롣
Ⱦȿһۡ
ࡣ
Ըˡ
ûзڵ£еˡ
ĸʨŻԸΪðմ뿵ʨȺһʨĶһ㣬ûԵġ⡱ˡ
Űһȥqǰ˵žȻ룬˦˦βͣĿбİſϡ
ŶûȤҰſɣſɲȵѡ񣬰ſɺqһһдʨȺҲqĻңûбֳر
¶qſԵ⣬ԡ
ʷɫĹ⣬һҹľմ̼ڰҹĽг¡
ȼ
ŵȥ˿һҹ෢ĲӡŽϻ˯
qߣ΢΢˫ۡ
һ
۽޿ͫ⡣
ܵˡqͳ١
Եָʾǿq˵Ļ˸Цûʲô
qҪ˵ĴԲ˼ֵqʨϣ˵Һ˯𡣡
qĺᣬģջָϣ۾
qߣ˯Ĳա
ɯι̣ǳȽ϶࣬ûọ̈̄ɯι̡
qԣһֱɯŲqԣ˲qֻʨӼԡ
qɯ£ɯ۾
qúڸq
qȻʣɯ𣿡
ɯȣqΪʲôôʣʵʵ˵裬һ㶼ϣʨʱ
Ůϵq˵㶼ôˡ
ɯ˵Ҳꡣ
qǰں䡣
ɯ̲ס˯е
΢΢ͷͲԣǳӰ
Ϊô
ȷʵᡣ
ɯûĸqоڵqûʧ
裬ԶᡣɯͷqĲӡ
ĸʨǲ̫ϲ𣬿Ǹȣɯqĸʨۼһڲݵϡ̺ọ̇̄ӹĹĵģĸʨµķ϶ȥ
ǻСʨȺı²ļѡܿĺ£Ϸ֡
Ǳѵģնڻ¯۾ԭϸ˵رڴꡣ
̧΢⣬չ첲ѵƣʱ䣬ڴϰ˾ŵ㡣˯ǰǵqҪ˵̫ˣûĸʨߡ
ʶqӰɯĹעˣڿǡ
ɯ룬̧צȥ
ʨȺĸʨûһһӦϣųĸʨqֲ
Ҳ̫ɹ裬ɯ߽ʱ˵qôˡ
ɯľԺ仰
ɯͣצֹ
qֲ
ɯ˶٣˵᲻𡣡
á
ɯߵĸ㿴q裬Ůɯ
ɯ˵εĻˣɯǸɯûпqƵʨ棬qһЩ
㣬컹ûȥѲأˡ
Ҳµ
ɯµ湻׼ġ
qȥɯ˶ת뿪
ʨӲԺѲһ㶼ų裬ûаôȡqŰſȲǻڵſɢȣ׼ɹȡ
ﻹӦ˿顣
Ӹ˿ÿζ׼ȷҵڸ˿˵ſĿڿ
취뿪ʨȺ
ˮûˣˮĽڡ
һȦֵʨûӰӦȫ뿪ˣqȷʵеۣʱqȿ

󲹳һ䣬Īȥ𣿡
Ȳűһ۾͵
ֹеĸʨ˷Ӧ
ƽɺĪޱߣʱĪξʹŵƱſŵƣ°͵ڲϣq˵
ޱñӶ˶ĪεĶ䣬ô¡
Īνŵǰ֫У˵
ֱqܾУ
ĪλֻСʨӣ
СʨӶԸŹ
ſҲ޳ɣһʨĸʨûѲӵĵطĪΣṥǣĪʨľ飬ÿһͷʨ
ôĪȥˮԴ

վ˵ȥɡ
˵ĶԣĪλСΣա
Ҳû뵽ĪʨȺôķӦ
㵸ϡ
ƳĪΣǰҪСʨצһԡ
סĸʨǺ岻һĿ⣬ȡһ£ȥϴҺȋqˮԴ̫Զ
һӦȋqڣǻȥ
Ϥ𡣡
ᶢĸʨл
û취ˣ̾q
˵仰ɡ
вС
qҡҡͷ
ʱĪϸϸ𣬡Ҫȥ
㡱̧ͷһۣȥ
Ѿˡ
˵仰δЦ
ޱ弸޷Ů˿̵Ĵ󵨣ĪΣ
ƽɺ˵Īεıϣ
Īθһ⣬еĸʨԣҲΪԼޱĪĸŮ֮ìܡ
ǲ֣Īλ͸˿q
Īվ˵ϵƽɺԵϡ
ߵqǰȻǸɵӣҺ˵Ҫѡ
ѡ
qžᱻԵĪΡ
Ѿгĸʨˣʹɳ
q뿴ģʨȺӦ뵽ϾĶﲻ٣ǰУδҲС
ʨȺʨӶ᳤
΢ӿĺĪδ˿̵Ĺִqͷԡ
ãȥſҲȥ
qò
һֻʨӸűֻ
üġ
̫ϲĸо
ϴεĺӱߣһ仰Ҳû˵ʼʯͷ׵Ĺˮװá
Īθĺܽſɲְͬ׵ľ룬߷Χܿͻͣ¡
ͷŪʯ飬ĪεıĶ䣬ʪһ㡣
ʶʲôĪεֱ¶䣬˵ϺãҲ˵ϻ̫
ˡĪ˵
ͷ
û뵽qðſɸĪεȾһˣ϶ҡ
˵ţҪ˺˼ͷţ۾ٿ
Ĳë𲻷Ҫʯ鶪ˮУһ졣
㻹СǵĲǺȫ
´αˡ
ĪοʨȺĸʨ˵Сϲ˵
·ֻȡֵ̡
ĪĲޣʣ𣿡
ſɱȋqϸúŪ˿ġ
棬ҲΥŵ
һᣬʶĪλڵش˵ᡣ
͹˸˿һа취
һα˿ʨȺĸʨԵǰſɣûףͷ𣬶ϵĸ˿˵һֻʨӣô죿
˿ǰ̬֫ſϣ㣬ֻȥ׷
ǵβĴ棬ͦˬġ
ȻûбԹʨȺΪװˣһҪӿʨȺߡ
ˣǵҺ˵Ļȫظǰ֫չһ£Űſڵķǰ
ſɵעϣǿֱӵķӦתצŭ
Ǿնܿ
ǣſ𹥻̬ɿתͷ
ѾĸʨǣҪ߹
Īûǣİĸʨסߡ
ĸʨǼ棬ſɶ˵뿪
˵Ҫ㡣
ſѸϣȸߡ
ͬʱĪ˵ĪΣ
ſɺϣסǿߣǣֻܺˣԶľ롣
ʶǰĪ˵
СĪ˵ȥſɻqq
ˣĳлѡ
ǲԵ޹ʳ
һθ˿ȋq뿪
Ҳһ
̫ˣӡ˿
ſҪžκܺӴĻᣬǸϵĺԶ
˿ͦ룬ֻԵֻСĸʨˡ
֪˿ĸðһȦ
Ī˵뿪Żҡ
Īͬˣ˵һġ뿪
ȴ˿֡
ݻƷ̵Ĳ･һСӰ
ܼμŸ˿˵ģԷҪ
ͱϣԼβ￪ġ
ֻҲβͣˣߣ
ײϣȣݺݲ䣬ǲ˵
ͺٱҪһ㣬ֱ
ֻ˵һ顣
˵ҪˣŸ˿˿۲Χ߰۵СʨӲ֪ȥˡ
˿ɻֻͣСʨӱ֧ˡ߸˿ʵĸ˿ҧĪΡ
һ֪ˡ
˿˵˵ˡ
һӹ˵㣬˵ͣ
Ȼܼģöͷ˲ıһ¡
Χгǡ
Īһֻʨӣڰ̽촽ֻĪСĪ룬Ľ
ܿҲܵõ
ĪҪЮĸо̫ˡ


46
ͺͷǱ׽һ
ˣֻצţڳһֲֻӵë֮ǰҰȮҧ˵ĿѾˣһɫ⣬һ˫סⶺ˿˵ˣԲԡ
צſ£˼ش΢Ҫ﷭ȥ
ЦЦȥ㵽˿£ȡ
ͬʺ⣬ٵצӴļϣ㡣
أ˵ٵβͼţС
˿˼ˣֻСӵر˵Ҳȷʵ˿ֱ۱ٵëһƬ
Ѻٷ˦˦󣬸˿ɴ֡
˵ѾʼˡڻɴΪ˵ֵҳ
ԽԭҲӦԭͨС˿ڶ˵ʲô
ҰȮҧҲûиȾеҡ
ϲ⣬ϵɴƵ˿ϣšĩ˻ЦҪҪܱܲ㡣
أһ˿˺öö࣬͸˿һߣڻڸ˿ĸȥ
ܱ˿ǵж
ȲҪ
˿̧צӰĸ߸ߵͷð۾Ҳųȥ
Լ֪˷ܵʱῪЦ΢ŶԷһ̣ȶԡ
˿ͷ˾ͣ˵Ժһԡ
ȻʧЦµСֳָ
˿βڲݵϻӶţβͼȥס
ø˿ѿʨȺ˵Щ˿˵
ȰͻˣԸصߣϾڿʨȺͷ
Цգ˿һӲݣͣȥ̫ˡ
˿βͣqֻĸʨ㡣
ˣ
Цݵ˵㣬֪ء
ʨ֣ҶԳʨ
˿׽ı仯qΪо˲
Ӹ˿qĻԼȥܡ
qº͹ûжЧ
˿ȻҲԳĸʨǡƳǱſϵķ
Ĵ˸˿˼ôῴſɲǼ档
ǱϾǿʨȺĳԱſɽ䱸ıҲԽ͡

ĵǻ᲻ſɴ
ſɿɲһͷĸʨ
˿˵ĸʨǡ
qǷһҪ󡣡
Ȼָ֪˲üģ
qͦسŵģǰſӦò˺ǡ
ͦĻԸĸʨպֻദʱ䣬ĹĵĶƤߺ͸˿˵
ΪǵĿĶͬһ
˿Ȼ˵ʳﻻġ
Цˣǰԡĸ˿¸˿ʱڵģһקקġ
ÿ첶׽ɡ˿ҪֻܳԵּ̣ǡ
ʨʳ£ԱҲʳ˿Բ̫ạֻ̳̃ԵıģĲŻ졣
൹ǲ࣬ѵõĻᣬ˿˵ṩʳģҲġ
ֶס
¶ţ˿âĸ˿ֿ˿˿û˵ֻ
ģ̧úצӲӣǰëë
ҡЦһ£˵ʲôá
һָо͸˿壬ݲĺ͸˿׶ϾϵĺŬӣ̾ɡ
˭ôˡ
̧ǰצϣСͷ֡
һᣬ˵ˣ쵽Ϊֹ
ϲ̫ʱ䡣ſͦģֲԾ϶ܻܿ
ҧĿȣƨɾʹǻȥɡ
βͣ
Ҳܻȥ´ңټ档
һƨڲݵϣӼޡ
˿ĺ󲱾վãȷʵҪˣ´Σ㡣
ȣ塯Ҳ㣿
Ϊˡ
˵ûУָ·
࿭Ķ䣬ãչһ𡣡
Ȳ˵ˣſұϡ
˿ϲĵӣ˵˵ġ
Ƕ
һС۾룬źȿͷĸоڲԭᵽˡ
ã˿Զ᳨š
Լ뷨Цڸ˿ͻȻʲô
˳˵š
˿Ĭˡ
ʶ˵æվǸ˵ġ
˿ǳĬ
ˣ˵˿ҵ
ǻȥɡ
˿˦˦βתֻȻᣬƵƵͷʵʵڸ˿
ֻ˿ͻȻ˵ԡ
ҧָڣ˿Ӧִƿ㲻ˣ̫ˡ
˿βͼ⹴ţˣβһ
ʲôãԲ̫á
˿ͣ£ͷŵϵĲݼ⣬ظ£˸˿ء
˵š˿е㹻塣
վԭأɵˡ
˿ûķӦ̴ֻҴ뿪
ŬŲŸϸ˿۵ˡ
š
ͷø˿ͽͣǸ˿ںߡ
͸˿һ˺ܾã˿ߵʱͺһͻȻߡ
ǿĹɡ
ΪٺĽ㣬ΪȺҪ죬ûָǣ˿û˵
ҪҸĶһʲô˼
ĬĬ롣
ĪλʱʯС
ĪᣬϻζֱǺĻš
צٵϵĲݺ񻨱ζ
ҡ͵͵˵Сһ㡣
ĪδòݵմȾĻζϵζҲҪڸǡ
ΪʲôԸܡ
Ī˵Ҫ𣿡
ſɻᵽϵζ
ġꡱƮֱӵķӦסĪεĲӡ
ĪδĶͲӲһʱĪζ촽
ſɴǵġԶԶĪεһĻ
ĸʨл˵ſӰϵԶĵطȻĸʨܴ⣬˵԰ռ챴ʨȺ𣿡
ſɸе˼һ£˵ܱ֤ʨȺԴܱʨȺʨĸʨҿԺqҪ󡣡
ͦͦظҵȻ򲻹ǵģq˵ǷһҪ󡣡
ſɵβĴ²ݵأʨȺʮֻĸʨͷʨкüֻǳĸʨqſʨȺȥ𣿡
ҪҲû˵ҡ
ǳˣⲻУǲУҲðΣհǵġ
ԣڶġſ˵
̫ſɾ÷ȣǻϷŹҲܣھһҪ󣬰ռ챴ʨȺȻҴ
ſɶǿ˻ᣬҪѡһſɶ
ĸʨеɣq˵㹻ˣſʨȺ뿪ʱȋq˵СĸʨǣĵղŰſֹֻĸʨǺ棬ȋq
ʱ䡣
ĪߣſҲģûĺĸʨǼȥſ˵˾ػûƭҡ
˵˲Уȡ֣ǷҪ
죬˵ˡ
ſתɱȥġ
ܵĻȣȴ档
ֻþˣ
ǻþ
ſɺԭڡաĪΡ
ĪﻹСʲô
ͬʱʧԭ
ѹֽҪĪˮԴqţĸʨһֲˡ
ǻҪá
ſܵԽԽ죬ԽԽ졣
ȵĪηְſɵӰʱſɷͺĪδֱ뿪Ǹ޺ģ
ſŴߵǰĿܰѻڷҧ
˵ҽ͡
գգ㲻ţˣǶ

˭Ҫš
ſɸˣں˵Щʲô
ĪΣҪţ
ûĪ˵˵ԺٺӴ
ſɵκģǰĪκͰſɣղ˵ʲô
æ˵ǡ
ſЦҸҪš
ĪҲеջղˣ˵˻ǰſɶ͡
Ӵ
ðҲٱṴʨӣöԶԶġ
˰ɹķε̫ѨҲ⣬㲻ţеǶ
ǣҽ첻ǺӴڼʡεģڲݵϣֱ֧ڱ°΢ŵ㹴ϷŰſɡ
ſͫһɰͰͳҲŲ롣
ĴŰſɣԣô֪㲻ء
Īε۾̧Ҳֱ
ſǿԼƿߣqûɡ
ڿʨȺֵĿ氲֡
˿˹ģ
ĪΡ
С
ſɺܿΪԼʧҵɣֻʨӣԻ
ĿˣһȥԺq˵ſɾԼ֮ǰһȡ
ƣ˵ʲô
ֻĪΣƽΪΪ࣬ĸʨ͸Ϊϡɴ
ͷҵ⣬ϸĲ˺֣ŹΣ˼ңȥʲôĪΡ
ǸС
ҶСûȤ
ĪβСʲô˼С
˵С
˵С
᳤ģܿ졣Īκݺµ档
ҲšſԼۼġ
ͷ⣬۾ſ̲סٴοȥݲָоݳЦĻġ
ҶԳĸʨȤ
Ͼʲô
ſɼ飬š
ΰſɶ˵
һȥɤΪɬɳƵʸС
΢΢Цʲô
ֲܡ
ⲻϣ𣿡ſɣſĿ⡣
Ĳ⡣
˿˵ĻǸ˼
֪ŵĺ塣
ͷˡ
˿ܺãʱ˵ӲڿЦں޴룬ô͸˿Ĺϵ
ʨȺʱ룬ͺ͸˿ټɣ˿׷˹
ȷʵڼ˿ʱˣǸж
ԭûкܳʱ䣬ȴջĴĶ
룬˿С׷
û˿ô¶/ǰˡ
ָڰüģҪˡ
ſ˵ϣһȥ
ơмܵĵز
ˣҲǡ֤Ĺ⡰ͦЧ
һſɳµĻңҪվ
ǰһѣΣֳŵأչһʹࡣ
Ī˼Уôˣ
ſŸҳȥϥڵϣֱ֧ϥϣŶͷ
ܲӡ
ſߣȻǱܳ¡
ܸоΧֻʨӣ˵һһɣˡ
ֻе͹ԼӦһᣬվʱûҪڵϡ
ĪæҪסĪûǰͻȻһˡȽס˼Ҫص
ſɽˡ
Īβֻǵһμ
ƣĪε֪µ顣
԰ſɲġ
ȫڰſϣϵ¶Ⱥܸߣ̫ɹġ
֮ǰû£ڱ̫ɹһôεˡ
ſɲ֪¡
̾ϢһӱߵӰļͷպȣſɵļͷȵϢ£ȥ
ŴӺӱߵĹľժ½ΪִҶҶʢˮ
˫ֺ˫ȣſõĲǺ㣬뵽Ҷʢˮ̶ֵȱȲ˼룬ӲҶˮƴܼΪ滺ģӳڵӣɫһ˫Ũܵɫü۽ޡ
ȡˮߣĺָˮĶͷϡ
ĪԱ߿š
һ̵İſرᣬĪղִ
ĸʨǿķ
ϵˮЩϣƤܹ⻬ˮĲԭƮˮҶϣſɲȥˮմʪĽצצʪζ
һˮĶͷ۽ϣ۽޲һ¡
ſɿ˻ᣬָȥܿˡ
ˮĶͷա
϶ͷʪ⣬º۽޲£Ҫˡ
ſɲԸԼӣĪ˵ҡ
ĪĻǽ𣬰ſɻָΣԶԶġ
ִ̧ڶͷϡ
Դʹ˹Ȼ˹ȥ
ٶ۵оλã۾Ҷ
Ƶ¡
ϲûбקʹͺۼںӱߵİſɣˮ棬һܴˮ
Լ¡
ܴǰſɽ¡
Գ
ε治ʱ򣬸աſɣҪðſ¡
˵ſɣлл㡣
ſɵβͶ˶ƿ
Ц£ſɵĪԶ㡣
ҲûĪʲôֻСʨӷҪô졣
˫ַŽˮˮı汻ɹĺ£⴦λˮˣһᣬְָϣˡ
ˮ浹ӳֽңûͷû˵˾䣬ɡ
ſɵĪм䣬ĪҪſɵֹſ˵ĪΣƽʱ
Ҳޱ췢飬㲻Ҫٿ
ˣҲ˵ԣ̫СǶҡˡ
ſɶ˶١
ʰôĶߴĽϻߣߵĺܿ죬ſɺĪζԶԶġ
аſɿţĪֻܸߡ
ſıӰ
һ֡


47
Ӻӱ߻Ư
ǺĴɫǳЩ
ǰ棬ſɺĪθں棬ʨӵĽųӦñ죬ſɺĪһߵƵġ
qǻվȥӭӡޱĪκһȥſµǻqҲϽȥ
ڽϻµĸʨСʨ֧ϰ׷׿ǡ
qߵߣźۼϵζĪκͰſɵζŨ
Խڻԣӱóˮþߡһ仰û˵qĿͶſϡദˣqһ񣬰ſ֪ʲô˼
Ӧðںӱ߷ȫq
ſߵqߣq˳𣿡
ſɨһۣβڽ˦ţĻ֮
q

˳ȡˮǾͻˡſԼĻԡ
ޱҧӽѵĪſɵĻش̲סĪβϣſɸʨȺĸʨΪܡ
ӵжеܣĸʨ֪Īμܡ
ſɸǣĪκܲڣĪҪصǰĵӡ
ڣſû˵
Ϊʲô˵أ
ĪβǻҪ̵̣ʲô
ſһʨȺqεĸʨqûκƫƫϣqˡ
ʱ򣬰ſ
˵Ļ𣿡ޱ巢ŮҧĪεĶ䣬ĪССģ裬
ƽɺҲ֣Ī˵һֻʨӣѸ
ĪηqʨȺҲʨȺĳԱ
ƽɺͦĪΪ˵١
ޱǳŹִĪΡ
Ůĳ̫ˡ
Ȼſ˵һ˳q
ſɶƭôʨȺq֪˭
ղںӱ˹ȥſ˵̫ˡ
ܽԲ԰׵Ĵɫ
qðſȥϢ
ſҲȷʵҪϢúҵͷ»𲨼ֲԭ֣Ǻܿտλãû
qߵߣѻŲϻ°ɡ
ſ˵ˮʱιȥˡ
˷Ӧ۽޿qһۣţѾûˡ
ͦõġ
ϻµλúܴ󣬿Բúĸʨһ𡣡qȰ
벻˿ʨȺĸʨǣܶһӡ
qԸġӱܡ˺壬qбҪ࣬Ӧ˲ԭӦ취ȥԼ壬ӭѶϡ
տˮڡ
ʢˮݾߴӻȡϲϵװֽܲס̫εգΡ
֪ص
ֻǡq㲻һᡰĸʨ𣿡
qצڵŲ£˭˵ģ
ſû˵ʵ飬ȻҲ˵ЦЦȴûκЦ⣬˭˵ģ
ĸʨɡ
ԭؼҵ·ûҵȴȺͲԭϵġ˾
ó¡
ҲᷳЩʨӶⴧ⡣
ſ˵һ˳qͨ״̬Ծ
ƽʱ˵
ϻŹνľ
ʹ˿ܲһżбĵ˵ɢĹ⡣˵ĸʨʱǻһ£qһ塱Ҫ̤롣
qѾܾûΪŵʱˡ
Цݣһ塱û㹻ջĶô֮ܳΪء
qῴṴ𣿡
qûչʾЩӡġֶΣͷ´Цȥ֦ܿȼɿݵ֦˵Ҳ֪
qߴֱ۵ϸϣܾ˿Ļһǵá
Ǽأ
¡qĸ֣ҵͲСˣ֪е࣬˿˵û͸˿/ҿΪʵ͸˿ûκιϵߣ㲻ܽܺͶｻ/䡣
ǰһ֣һˡ
Ǻһ֣ԲṴĸʨ
ڵͲԭһʵ·ܿ署
ǲ¶壬˺Ͷ֮䲻ܲ
qӦԭ
qĶǿ쵼һʨȺ׳˵ܾ׼жԷ˼
Żû˵
ѡqµԶԴķʽ
qϲȣû˼
ǰάֵºá
֦ϣ֦ڶѵҲźߺͣ࣬ҽܲˡ
ûϺ͸˿Ĺϵ
qĳ˳
ϲ˿ԼǹأҲû͸˿ʲô
qԼȥܻʧصͷ
ţ˵ǺǲһģܲҲûϵ
ǣ㿴ҡqͻȻҪ
֦
ں˵ĵ뷨ңһ̣ʵһġ
ԭֻһ࣬αҪԼ
ǶҪ㡣
qл㱡
ɤӣqȰԼ
ҡҡʨȺ𣿡
q˵ԣֻҪԸ⡣
ૣˣҷˡ
Ȼqۡxing
߻ʣ/䡣
õ㣬ѵʱأ
xing͡˵ܲɷֵĹϵֻΪʲôЩëѪצӺ׾ٱ
ԼԼĵ۵㡣
ڵķһȫӵ
ΪӲ룬˿˵Ļļ
ں￴ŵӳŵԼʱܣܾؾܾ˿
ڸ˿кܸӣӵеֲԸ˿ݣΪжǡġ
ֻǺ͵ͼʲô𡣡˵
¡qſӣǰ֫š
ɢĹۼһ¡
û뵽qô
˵ҵºܶ࣬˵һ
q˵Ǿͺ˵˵°ɡ
¾˵
ϧûܽİ취վ
qĽǶȿȥĹâӣİ취ܼ򵥣ϽܾС
Ц£ûӦҲûܾտˮһ촽ָѪɫ
ûƵϻ£һ챻ȺͰſᣬʵڲĸʨǴһ
ŽϻߴïʢɿʨȺĸʨʳˮԴ㣬ĸʨŲط
ü֦һӿܣòһ׵Ĳ֦Ըǡ
ȡ
Ӱæµţ˫һĸʨǴδĶ
ȋq۾ֱˣڵʱq˵Ҫʱʱ̸̿ߣѹ
ȋqԸӦˡqҲһǴյߣ
Ͼ׽㣬ȋqҲû˵ʲô
ķĶȋq̲סˣŲתȦ
qһ˦˦βͣûȥ˷ܵȋqܵȵĴ
ڸÿǵĲ
q룬ȥϻ¡
ĪαޱţȥߡƽɺͱһǰһסĪ°ڲݵϣ鲻ѡ
ʨȺ˴󡰾ϲȺͰһ𣬡СĪεѾϡ
Ų֣䣬ΧСɳ棬ޱţĪβȥ
̾Ĵ󡣡
qĸʨȱ㲻˵qڰſߣͰſ˵
ȵֱͦ׼ģӰſоſɵ״̬̫ԣôȥһˣҲסˡ
qͰſɾ˵ʲôȲ֪
ĲˣģǺҲϤˣ׳ŵڲ֡
Сʨһᣬҧڵ׳֦ʱȋqͺŰǸˡ
Ƿ׷ĸ׵ĶƤ£˼̣ȋq滤ࡣ
귭öƤϣצ̯Ҿqá
ǰɣ߲ݡצں̵ĺ߲ݣϵëը󣬰ˡ
ʨȺزûжʳ⶯ˣʮֻĸʨŴ󲿷ֶʳ⶯Ҫʨqÿ춼żֻĸʨѲأȥѲصȋqǰꡣ
ĲãȻªʱס
ǰģŻ緢
qڣߵſߣͻȻ˹ȥſɱһȣҧ˿ȵǰֲ֫Сʨӣȣֱ̫ˡ
Ȱ£ſɣղڿʲô
ſ򾲻صûʲôԵķĲ
ûвֻʣq˵ʲôĪε飿
ûС
ſûжq˵ʵqֻΪĪ׽ѡ
qʵģǱ飬ʰſɣǲǶ˵ҪʨȺĸʨ
ſɳˡ
Ϊq״ˣ
q˵ûУҪԶĸʨǡ
ſɣⲻҴʨȺĿġq˵Ϊס
ſɵȻףĬˡ
q뿪ڲеȫǰʱԷƵϢļͷ
ѵҪĸʨʧȥ
ſ˵ȣܹ
ʲôʱܡԡ
ֱ׵ĻſûоȣӦȥq
qŵвͬĹ۵㣬ʼվ뿪qʨȺ
Ҳܰ׵ôá
Ȳ°ſɣһq˵qͬˣǿһ𡣡
һĺɲһ
ſ΢΢࿪ӶȲȣҶûȤ
ûȤЦˣſɣס۾ٺ˵ֻ
ʱʨȺʱҲͬġ
㻹ǵúȋqʱ𡣡ſȣȋqһ𡣡һֵ
ȵˣ˵ȋq
ռܣǴûࡣ
̵ס𣬰ſɡȸղźͰſ˵Ļ̽Ψ仰ĵġ
ǵİſɣʨȺκһֻĸʨҪ󣬰ſɵ̬̫ᶨˣᶨ׿ġ
룬ǲ룬ȿɲԸΪӲԲ⡱ĸʨ
ȴӰſ߿صŮߡ
ĪΣԹſŵĪΣСһҲװʵ
ûǻ淢ֲĪβʵһ档
ôĸʨأ˭
ʨȺСʳݶҲࡣ
˿ϣҶķ϶ж˹ϵͷˮ޴磬޴ϲֻ֣޴ǣͷ˼ˮ̧ͷ۲ܡ
Լ˹ӱ̫ˣ޴űˮʪĺӱߣһ紵ݶʱתҪϡ
˵ȥ㻬ˮ
ƽĺӱΪ
ĺʹܲȵĵطǱ˺ܳʱ䣬ǿصϡ
˦˦̶̵βͣҲ˶ͷºȵˮƺûб
ûüӺӱ뿪ϣٵӸߴһԾ£޴ڵϣҧ޴ĺ
ֻеȵ޴类˿Ӹǡ
ȥ޴磬һʵĴ͡
ͷ˺ҧԵĺ㡣
˿ǱͺͱϵѪϣҶ̽ͷ˿СצӿסɣҪ
˿£ͷƨɳ£צӻûи˿צһצûץȴֲڵƤ
˿ǰצϣĺӰŵϡ
צմ˵أվֱ
ˤȥŵͺ٣Сʵʵϣȥˣ˿ǵ
մ޴Ѫǳ̧ͷ۸˿
󣬸˿ܲ
Ҳ˳Եʵ޴⣬˵𣿡
˿βػζţָ߰ظǻӦûС
Ϊʲô˵ر⣬ѾΪ˿ڻˣúõĴڿʨȺһû뿪˼
룬ʵһ㶼ϲ˿
롣˿һ䣬ûǺ
һǱ̼
ûڸ˿Ĵ˿صظ׽һֻĻشȻûвͷ
ǰ˿ֱͨͣӼſ֦ϣ³βͣÿһۡ
׳ŵ˵ڲ˵ҪȵʲôʱСϲϱʨӡ
Ųᣡ໺
ղŸ˿ڣֻСվϣҶ̽ͷϸ⡣
ں͸˿ʱǡˡĹϵֻСóģش˿⡣
ʱɻһСӸʲô˼
ͱյĽǸСͷһˡ
ֱӸ״˿̻ܲˡ
֪ȥԺʲô𣿡
˿Ƴ
ʲô˼۾ɵĵԲǵ󣬡ż´󣬾Ϳʼˣ
ˣȣǷ
˿ͷŭǡ
ҪţˡŻ㣬ŵ˼˿һ䣬ǰز
˭ţ
ţ


48
ȻûȷӦ˿˵ڵģڸ˿˵񣬾ǡǡ˼
ţҲš
ĸʨǣֻеĹ͡
ϴ^Ľǻع񣬺ڴƲȥ
޴ûûζ
צӰ»ð޴⣬ɰͰ˵ԸصߣҪôš
ˣ̧ͷ˿԰ʲôʱǻȥ
˿ˡ
ǲţ˵뿪ʨȺ뿪qһߣҪ˵͵͵ʱֱӴߡ
ǸһȥǸ㡣˿Ĳֻצڿգͱ˿ϡ
̧ͷ˿ѿԣſ֦ϣͷǣҵȵļ
˿ŵӣһͷߺߵ롣
ͣǼͷ⣬ȵϼֻСߵתһȦ˵ǵΰɡ
޴⣬ǸеڿʣƬ˹ԱߣҹǶǰ˹ӵ·ϣϲҹеСͶ￴ӰȾܣӱߵͷˮͶں
°ϵİëˮ̧°Ͷ˶ˮλڲݵϣϣȵ˿ڡ
ټϸ˿żͶιʳȵ˿ڿʼ衣
վӶӣβʹ׼ȥֽµĺӰס
ֻʨ˹ϣڲݵϵڼžĺӱߺ̶ܴǶסںڰУֻʨ˹Ӻˮ
ֿʨȺά˺ֻǳʨ
ǻ˹ӱǻûߡ
ͬϹǵڸϿ߲ǵѡ񣬲Ȼֻʨ֣һᱻҧ
ûзǣвױ֣ңڲìܣûжľעҹڰĶ
̧צӣ뾲뿪
άŭ˵ڹҷҪռ쿵ʨȺ𣡡
ֵǳʨͣºˮ죬ͻµˮռ쿵ʨȺһ⡣
ǲĵ
ά˵ܵǿĺܡ
ڻҡ
ǳʨ˵ûʨȺĸʨȥǿɲ롣
ɣǵĽ˾ʹ˽
ȥұʨˡ
ǳʨϣֵҲ
ά˸оù͸ˡ
ֻȥ˰ɡάĺӰҪȥ
ֻʨһۣͻȻһά˷ﶼʨĵͺںӱֻ߲ʨ÷ά˱ǱˣһŲȽ
ֻʨά˵ǻ̤˹ӣȥռʨȺ
һǻҧ㡣һֻʨ¶вάˡ
ţʨ̤ˮ
˦˦βͣʨȺ鷳ˡ
ȻʨˣҲûҪɵվţǰ˼ͣ
ǵʵԴͦġʨȺqһŵ
ļҪqûдӦqȷʵǷһŵ
ףҲ֡顱ķʽʨȺмȻʨȺ˿˹죬ֻҪĿģ̡
ҲûбҪṩʳˡǼûôǣתص˹ӣûʨǵӰ
ϡֻܿǳʨ̤ʨȺصıӰѡʨͬķ̤ʨȺأͿֻʨ˭ҵĸʨǡ
ڲԭˣʨȺвСֻͨҪֱײʨȺǿʨȺεһʱ䡣ʨȺҲĸʨǾļص㣬
żĸʨµζųζ׷ȥ
ĸʨһֱû
һ죬˿۾⡣ֻĸʨܾ˿¡
˿վչ֫ƯƤëҶ֣˲ֵ֦궯ֻҪ궯Ƶ֦ζ̧ͷ£֦ϲš
˿Ҫĸʨ˵Ľ鱻׷ʵף˿Ҳмܲסȵ׷ʣ˵©졣
Ⱥ˿˹ûж˵ʵҲ˿˹Ϊ⸱
ѲصͰϡ
ϲ賿ȥѲأԭƿɫĹ⣬ͰаȫУ¶Ȼûаߡ
Ͱһ֮ĻȫΧ˿˹
ϺŵɣشĻҾ˿ҲȿԿǡ
˵ڻûҿɲǰ¡
ΪҲʨȺ
Цˣûмࡣ
Ϊ˹ѣ̫ˡ
ȥأҲʨȺˣζӣʨȺʵʨȺⲻ˱ʨ֡
ʨȺֻֻĸʨʨܿᶢ
ˣǰһ¡룬԰˵
Ҳͬ컹ͦġ
֪͵͵˿飬˿ңһ˫Ư۾ʱԼ˭
ʧЦ̫ˡ
˵ǽӲ࣬ûʲôϡġ
˿˵άˣʱ򣬲Ϊ顣һ£˫ֺά˴򶷣ǵö͡
ʧˣ񣬶ҲΪ෢鰡
Щ˼ЦҾǺ档
ˣڿʨȺ˿û취ʨȺ˿Ϊģͦϲġ
ûǳĿģͰ˵Ż䲶׽͵ػͷȥһֻİĸʨ
ֺҲŵͺͼ˳ĸʨ
ڿֻʨȺĸʨҪ׷ǣֻĸʨ룬
Ǻǵľ벻Զԭ΢΢ӣֳҪ̬
˳Ͱɻֻĸʨ
߽˲ŷֻĸʨڲԭͦǣʱǰĸʨûϢΪ
ʾˣͺͰҲҪװͰ˵ʲô
˵ǣֻǳʨѾʨȺأ
ҪռʨȺ
̫ţʣô֪ģ
ǡ
ʨȺĸʨûκνͻȻܹʨ֣էһȷʵŵˣǵΪҲܿɡ
ġǼ˵ҹ˹ӱߺˮֻʨά˵ҪռʨȺ
άˣôά˵¡
ֻĸʨɻ˵ά̫ˣֻǳʨˣҪռ쿵ʨȺʨȺĸʨˡ
ֻ˵һ룬ֻĸʨԼȥ
һɶάˡ
ģǾάʨȺֻʨȥռ쿵ʨȺ
ҲһһֱʨȺqʾá
qȻҲҪȥռ쿵ʨȺ
һҪҧ񷢺˵
άˣǵβͿֵСɨ£Ȼңȥ˹˵ɡ
ҿ԰ǡ
ѹƲס˷ܣе㻳ʵԡʨأ̵ĸʨ˵ѣʨȺụ̂˵ʨȺдʨ
ΪԭʨȺֻʨ̤롣
˵Ҫȥ𣿡
˵Ҳ֪
ֻĸʨ⣬̾ȥɣ˵ģȷʵ԰ﵽǣģһٸϳء
ƺҲС
ѲûãǴǺֻܿĸʨ¡
˿˹ѾȽѵˣ˹У˿ڵϣһ޿βһûһĴ档
˹ȿ󻹸šĸʨǣ˹ܿվĶŰȺܿŤȥ
Ҳĸʨǡ
ӿŲܻصߣͣĸʨܵأҺͰ˵ֻǳʨҪռء
ҺͰ˵ģˡ
ʨˣ԰ǡ
ȵ۾ϤĹ⣬ĸʨǣ湻ƻġʨֵ飬϶ĿģȻĴ
˿򿴵ҲܾȣһﲻǺ͸˿ȥ
ҵˣ
ЩСߣñϵϢûζ
˿һ䣬ûζ
͵͵ȣȽֻĸʨ֪СˣڿʨȺ
˿˵Ҳŵܱͣ˿Ǻôû
ֻԹĶԲˡ
ǿû˿˹ֻû뵽˿򻹵ء
ǵʨ湻ģ
ƫƫֻϸ˿
ˣ˿šǴ˿Ļ룬ǵģĺгԸά֣㻹ôֵʨ
˿ĶҪˣʲôţĥĥҲں
Ƴ߹˿æ죬ʵʵġȿһۣ˿ĬĬ˶
ǣΪ˼ʨȺֱǡ
˵ǡ
۸˿˹ڣԴ⣬ŻʨȺңʨȺĸʨ̫٣ͦϵġ
ŪȲףͷ˵ͣҰǣǴӦһҪ󡣡
ȲмֻǳʨܸߡûҪǱſԸֻʨ
˵Ҹʨ֣Ҳǡ
Ұ˿ʨȺæq׿ڳŵңԺҪæģȥ˵qԱȣȺС
˵ʨȺȵƳ˿˹˿ֻʨӶ˹̹Ȼȵӡ
Ӧȵȣղź˵ʨȺʨӸά˺ֻʨòᣬҲȥǱˣ
û
ôɣÿζϡǹַʨȺǷһҪ
˭ҵءֱ׳Ļ÷
Ȳ֪ǺĹϵ֪ˣضϳء
˹ڵĻŲ³Ϊ˰ߣһֱڿʨȺشţײʨҪʨȺ
ά˵£
ͷûõʨٸ̤һȶҧ
ţĸʨǣʨӰӶûʨˣҿԴӦһҪֻҪʨȺܰ쵽顣ȵɳ³ŵ
Ǳĸʨĺѡ
컹ûȫȺĸʨΧһ𣬴ǵģģһֻСʨſм䡣
ںμ¡
ϵڵͺĸʨ֣ǡ߲ݡĸޣʱñӶſŵСʨӣצӰСʨӵ塣
ֻСʨżͷ죬ܵģ
ˣ
ȥſĽŲͷȥ̤ɫֱ߽ſɶûŲĿ⡣
¿ĸſĸʨмǡ߲ݡ죬ɤ﷢ĽŲԾ
˲ЩĸʨôѸٶޣʲô£
Ϊȋq߶ˣĴԻһͷҲ߲ܰݸղ棬ͻȻſϲѣҲв
ȥ߲ݡ壬ûˣʱ߲ݡķӦȽϾҡ
Сʨѹһ֦ȱڲβ룬ҧϵġ
š߲ݡȥɤۣںģû
ӦǺ￨ˣҪóһ˵ţһ̧ͷޣ
㶣æ˵á
õͬ⣬С𡰺߲ݡԣһĸʨ̣Ϊ׳ۡ
ɯٴ˺̣ߵſԣſɣ𣿡
ſɳ£ɯ˵
ˡ߲ݡĺĺŰ֦
Ĳ֦óûˡ
˿ڵϣ˫ȼס̶߲ݡ壬ԷŽָ߲ݡ
һĻޣĸʨŽš
֦ѵļͷ˺⴦ҪɾҺʵĽǶȰȡʹ߲ݡӰ죬ȫע֦ȡʱµС֣ʢһһκ
ڡ߲ݡʱ·ſ¶һƬм˫۾ѸȥΪʵȥƬջѰ֦СʨӺȡͬʱ߲ݡצʱ͵ĵ֡
ѪѸֱϳͣɿ죬˦˦֣մѪ֦
Ц˵Ҳ̫Сˣֲ֦ǹͷܳԡᣬĸʨǶġ
߲ݡܽгצӰŵ棬Ҫ³ȥ
΢΢Ʋȣ߲ݡ˻ᣬųȥ
޴Ȱ̵ë
ӵѪ֦˵´α֦ˡ
޴Ӧ
мֱ
Сˣû¡⿴˿ֱǶЦЦ
ûôˣע⵽ǹŷֿȵƣϥ֧Ц޾úܣܡ
ٿλţ߲ݵë
ĸʨ½صϻ£ȹ棬ʱĶ˵˵ϡ
վȵĻЦһ𡣡


49
˷˦β͵ȡ
ͷĸʨ컹ԴָȾĶǱĶζҲ
δҲ̫ˡ
úܺЦʲôûһֻĸʨ
۽üչֵŪȵҳϣҶ
ȵĻЦ⣬˫ֳǰֱСʨӻ˵ĿΪƵѹȣһѪ顣
Ѫζޣʨ˵Ѫζ̼ĸй١ȵͫʶŴˣ̰ĵ
ĺȣʱ̲סҲɫĳøȿԿÿһ仯
ȻЦţƽ˿ᷳ
ǶԶľеᷳ
Ҫ𣿡˵ζĵɡ
˵Ļ̼
ǿ̫˫ֳǰȻȻһЩ˫ۺֳ֫һʾǿƿе̬
ȸоʣֻҪܣҿȫȾҵζ
صϻµĸʨǷ׷װο¡߲ݡ
Сʨӵͷͱʪģ۵ܵķΧڣڰٺУ굽޵ĸ³̡
ް̸˱ˮȻû뿪ߣ˵ȵıӰʵˡ
ͦģȺ˵ʲô
ǵĹϵжá
ſȻҲע⵽ˣĸʨ֪ȵ˼ſһ
ʱɯߣſɣر𣬶԰ɡ
ſɵ˼ɯĻʲô
ɯֲ̾Ҫ
ִ˵ãкԵĶ
˵Ĳ̫ſܶ𣿡ɯ̣䲻󣬺ͱĸʨӵʡ
ſɵȻ
ɯǰûгϣɯΪ𣿡
ɯʱڣſҲչ˹ɯ԰ſҲ׽ðſ裬ڶȋq
ţһ˲䡣ɯʵʵ˵ƺΪ˺߲ݡ
ſ˵
˺߲ݣ飬ĳǿԭǿʳ/ջѡѡǿߡ
ſɿŻճߵȣɯѸŪˡ
Ϊ˺߲ݶԣ͵Ϊ˶ԣǲһġ
ɯͷ˲ſɵĲӣˡ
̲סʣſɣ˵ĻеԼ鵽𣿡
ſûлشȺһʱ䣬е㳤ˡ
ϴںӱ߶ġĿıĻͦǿģᣬʺϵĳ߶ȣֱֻ׵ʨӡ
뵽q˵ĻſվķȥqϣĸʨӴſɲȥվСʨӣȾͷƣһqͻȻһᱻq
ΪԼʱΪҵ˺ʵɣſɵĲӴݲȡ
ȵ//ģ˿һŽ/ףһΪʲôЩ/Ȥ
һȦÿ⼸¶Ȥʨӣ˿С뿪ʱ˵Ļ
ϣԸ˿ġ
ͶܲһͷţȻ˿˵Ҫţһݺݾܾ
Ը˿ԥǳʲô飿
ʷհһƬһΪաЦǣͿնǺͬ֡
ڣ͸˿ʱˣԺú뷨
q˵ŽܣڲԭӦִԸ
һصԭͷҲÿǻһֱڲԭزȥ
ԽԭʨӻѣѾԼǷŵͬȵĵλʨӶչֵ죬ܹ滮롣
ʲô
˵ߣ
Ӻ˼ҲвֺغϣûеµǱ󵨡
ȳԵģԼܵĳȻǲܽܡ
Ÿ˿λΣ˿ͦģüͷ˵϶ĻǱģﻹеıŤС
ȵԴʲô춼ҪЩͷƣҪɧ
Ѿ˰ſɳ
ȴ߿ʼûҪڣĸʨͿˣĪֻûʨӶŪһζΪʲôԡ
ϰֱȵĵȵĲϣԡ
ҵĵĲӸơ
һصѪֱȥ
ûбֳ£ͷ˿ĵһƬŹ⣬Ȥ˺άˣ
ܳ
㣬˺ܸߣõвȸ˷ˣֿͬһ档
඼һ
ţֻô⣬ܴһһεľϲ
ǣһ𡣡˵µСгˣ˵ģƳ߹İſɡ
ſȱ󣬿õȵĲӣܿ뵽;ʿ㸹ϲݣܷ׾ٻȡ
ȿԱܿûС
ſŪڵ״Ų˵ȣҽһ¡
ʲôȶ˶䣬Ϊʲô˺ң
˵ҪҺͰſ˵𡣡һ
㣬ҲںĵȣڰſǹʨӺͻһСʨӶŹ
ѾĸʨԶԶģȷҪ
ҲðſʨȺĸʨж༢ʡ
˵̫ܽܡȼ򵥽£оϵĶ˶ҽǶҪ̽ȥ
ſɴˣεȣĵ̣ȥޱǴһ𡣡
ſɣҺͬڿʨȺ̻ҵģqͬ⡣Ȳſɵ˵ǡ
ЦˣȵſɿЦһҰʨȺæȴô˵ң㿴ˣΣҿûй˭
Լϸţҡüļһǳǳۺۣǻû˵ڡ
ſɳĬˡ
õȵĲӣͬʨȺҲǷìܣԣԺңҶܺƽദ
ͻȻתҧסȮݵסӲĵ棬˵вһҿҧ
ƽ˵ֻҪ죬ĶҲˡ
в˼ȱҲûʲôˣûq׼ֻš
ɿݣŰſɵ˵㣬ҿ֤ĸʨ᲻㡣
ǶԽԽȤˡʩʩȻ߿ҵ̫á
𵶡
ˣѰſҲ͸ġ
ſ˦˦βͣߣǰ֫£ΪǸ
ʰ²Χмһӽأû
쳹ſɵͷܿ˵ְֱʨȺæqȋqĸʨ޷׽ɵȺſҲ⣬
ҲΪȥСʨӣĹؼʱڻΪԭȥ֦⣬վСʨӵ
ſɵͷ˵˾䣬Բ𡣡
Ż緢ڴ󲿷ʱ£İſǸй¶һ˿ȡ
Ǹļ£Ͱſﶼס
̾ҲҪл㣬εʱҡſɸĸоܸӣֱںʨȺҲѣ֪͸ġ
Ըſľˡ
˵еʨȺˡ
ſˣһĲգʨȺȥܹ¶ſվĬĬ߿
ȴӦһҪ
ֻƻĸʨû˵ֻǳʨ˳ĸʨµζһʨȺ׼
ụֻ̂ʨҪĸʨ֤ԼӶʨȺӿʨȺ˴죬ֻʨʨȺԶڿʨȺĸʨβͣͺŴѶϢ
Ϊټˣ֪ѿеĹͷ
˹ӭս۷ڣʱûûȫɵʨмܲסʨӱ߶̶̵ë˹צӹһơ
˹ϵʨ㣬ʨצճ˿ȥʣֻĸʨս֡
Ƕһԣ꼰æܿ
Ҫŵȣֻĸʨֻʨ
ȸ߹ԼѾܾûкʨ򶷹ˣĸʨɳܹأż벶ԣŷϵĳ̶ȳ
ȱʨץ˹ˣǰȳͺһʾÿ
˹ãˣȺˣϵٶȻܻͦס
ֻʨĸʨ򶷣ڿʨȺĵûȫָսĸʨǿռϷ磬ǿãֻʨȹΣͷǼȥĸʨȣĸʨѳ꣬Ʒ˷ת
ҲۣǿűܼĹƣڰʨȺʱͿֻʨһ·磬ܡ
ֻĸʨĹֻʨ
ʨֻӴܵıӰǱʨһֱڴⳡսۻ
˹ǣĸʨǾһս׳ڱǶԱȣȵצûжˡ
ǣĸʨǶΧʱ˵ĸʨǣһֱڲԭˣʨȺɡ
ûдӦ
˿ϲǣ˵Ը⣬ˣβͼ
˹ͬĽ飬˵һ𣬶кô
㲻ٸĶϲȵ棬˹˵׿в죬˹ο¸ҵһ档˽ҲУ˹˿һʨȺҲڣʨȺЩʤ㡣
˹ΪǺ͸˿Ľ˺ι̡
˹ȻҲʨȺǻŤֻʨȺõһŵĶҪ
˵˹ˣĶҪֻҪȣ˵ĻɣӦһҪ󡣡
ȳĳǼʨȺʶԼˣҲһˣһͷĸʨʨȺʨ֣Ҳܵס
ǾȻӦ˲䲻ˡ
ƢŹֱ꣬治ѡԿĽס
ʨȺҴӦ㣬Ƿһŵ
Ҫʲô˵
ǺܿصûãţҪˣ㡣
˹ҡҡͷ̲ǰôʨӡ
ȻȺϣʨȺ뿪ٲҪ
ȷŭˣŵȾܣܻ㺰ˣӦģɳƵĺ
ĸʨƢѽӴԽʨӣԽʳԡ
ȥĲɣ˵ͺܴ֪ǰڲԭϵ飬ʨȺǷһҪԺԴ
qѲػ˵Ⱥ߲ݵľ
ɯ˵ģŮﻹм˷ܡ
裬ѡ̫ˡɯԼĿޣԸԴϲĲмһˣԴϲ̾мӡ
տʼȷʵһƫ
ɯ˵ʱụ̂qǲˣ֪ܰ
ɯ뿪qߣſɸ뿪ʨȺͷ
q˵˺߲ݣɯĹˣʨȺġ
ƺڡȶľſͣһ£ʵq
ûʲôģqǰһΣqʱ˵ŵ뷨ǶԵģܲ˺Ͷq˵ܣڹϣȻٻһС
qȥȣڵϣצ죬qˣҲûǰţŷſڵϣq
q˼Żڣ˵ŵ˵Ҫ
ڰſɡ״뵽ˣſɣֻǶ˵˼ĻҲҪ˵
ſһԽͣ뿪ʨȺ
ʲôãѵˣqҪ뿪
ص˿ߣȥʨȺ˿ǣ
һҵӣӰʨȺҲͺ£һ죬һܵġ
ˣq㻹ŵ𡣡иԭ򣬴ᵽĪεζͲֲûõʨȵõˣųĪΡ
ɲС
ʨȺˣ
Ҳܡ
ȵĻеqһȣ㿿ΪԼѡ񡣡
Ժעһ㡣
ǴʨȺ뿪ֱŸϻ˸˿ֵ֣Ӱбţ˿ֻСڵϻֻΧˣ˿ڵϣ¶Ƥñڵĥ䣬ֻצţҺɫĲݵغܿ챻ĥĿճһƬ
ͣ´צӣɻŸ˿Ϊ
û˿⸱ģڵĥ䣬ɫ˫гһߣֽꡣ
ǵ귭˿մһƬصĻҳͲмʧһһҹǻˣҲûжһ˼
ϰĮ˿ڵĥǳǳʱͷᣬŨζ˦˦βͣ죬ðһͷ˿ѵҪˣ


50
ûĻȫ궼Է飬˿ʱ䷢ˣڻڿʨȺأ˿ζܻʳ⶯̤ÿʨȺ
˿ԹȤӣҪôɹڲԭ˵ķڣ
ֻڿʨȺ˿ɹڣֻܴʨȺ
ڵķ鼣ͦˣƸڸ˿󣬴ﵥֹסֻ֦ˣֳһЩֱǰ֫˵β͡
ʱ塱ͻֻβͣ˵
˿״¿ˣڸ˿ӵȥضǽš
ĽǺ͸˿عͷװͰ͵ģڸ˿ɻ¡
Ǹ˿̳Сӣǳ
Сӵ˼һ۾Ϳ͸ڱ˿״ˣǶԸ˿𣬿ɲûȸߵСӡ
Ÿ˿棬̣б˿һۣ˵ҲŲ£Ǹ˿¡ˡ
Ųţ˵ѡ
ʲôļ´̣ý͡
˿ɻһۣûȥ׷ǵĻʲô˼ϲ伸£úצڵϵ˼£ᵽɸζ˿Щ
˿ʧܺ󣬿ʨȺҪĿͶĶأʨȺأӦԼºᵽĺ
ʱСʨǻ᳤ĸʳҲӣˮԴﶼ٣ʨȺڵػܹϺʱÿֻʨӶӡ
ȋqΪȥȡʨȺأʨȺغͿʨȺֻһ˹ӣռѲӻ㣬ʨȺֻĸʨȋqᣬǸ˿ĸʨ
ά˴ֻʨֿʨȺ˵Ѿ뿪ʨȺȋqǨŭʨȺ
ʨȺֻֻĸʨȴӵһƬأʨȺﲻжʨȺشѵĸʨȋqռ죬ǺͰűʾͬ
qʨȺصĿ궼Աද
֮ǰûǹʨȺһԭʨȺʨʨ뿪ˣֻֻĸʨqȷĶˡ
ǸԸҪȥᣬȥʨȺ̽һ£ǷʨȺûʨټ
ǾڽϻأڸªĲﻻµĲݣԭ¶̫ߣµĲݺܿʧȥˮֵ֣ܵ⡣
æµţĸʨҲæµš
qðſɴɯȿ˹ȥʨȺز̽ҲҪȥɲȥģʨȺš
ӵиÿֻĸʨе˷ܣſɴɯȳŻƻ˹ӷȥ
ѻĸɿݲҶӽ̧ͷֻĸʨ뿪Ӱ񣬻Ȼߣƿգ࣬ȸС
ƨɺ汻ϻˣߣ濴
̧ͻСأȶ̬ͦģĪΣڱţ
˵ʹ
qƵģޱĪһȥߣ迴ţֻҪ뿪һޱ嶼ƽɺ
ڿվߣĪδӵҡҡβͣҪޱ˯ʱϿȥ
ޱ۾̧ͷſ¶ݣ˫צסĪεĲӣҪҧ
ȥޱ˵
ĪȥҧޱͺͲӡ
q˴ֵޱͱһۣȥqˣβͣһܻؽϻ¡
Ϊ𣿡qߣqദܶ룬ڣqӰſʨȺĻ
ʨȺȥأ
q˵ĻΣq̬Ⱥºͣ˵û
Ҫǵ̫ˡ
qԭʲô
һˣҲ򣬳õĳĬҲʹܡڿʨȺ˵ʨûֻqһȻ죬ڲݵϣ˫ȣģȥ
q˵ˡ
ƻˮˢͲʻһ뷺һ뷺죬м˸ţҲֻһ롣
q£һʲô
ŤЦЦûӦĻһ˫ۻϥͷ̧ͷϵǡ
紵Ե鷢ƯƯģq﷢ܣ߹˿𣿡
q֪ڲԴ
˭ûиߡ鷢ӵס鷢鷢ͷ
qˣֱ̧֣˿ڣ޺˵Ⱥ߲ʱ߲ݵצӻˣҲʱϵĳϢ̫Իqͷֱ
ﳢζһʵӴֻһƬֱqȫһս
ûжֱ˿߲ݡ˿ںǳһѪûϴҰȮҧ˿
û뵽qôֱ
ջֱ֣ʪģɻqqǳΪʲôͻȻçײʨ¡
qס񣬡Բ𣬿ֱˣϰ˼¡
ǻ¶Էë˿ڣҲԼģqĽͣˡȣһڹռˡ
qŮɯͻȻϴϴʨӵć¡
ǡqصҺ񣬱ᡣ
Ǻ񡣡
ϴϴˣΪ㡣˼˵֮Ҽס֣ɯ
ɯͰſһ뿪ʨȺѲزǽ𣿡
ֻĸʨһ뿪иԭĵǣǷָ˿ڿʨȺǻߣðſȥ߸˿
qԴ̬ӣ׾ӵĽĿġ
qûܶ࣬ɯ֮䷢С£qͦ˵ģʨȺʨӣǸͷ
qˣۣqδؾͲᡣ
q߰ſǳȥĿģ˿ͺ˹ߴߣǱֳ⣬֪ʨȺռʨȺأô룿
᲻ʨȺҪ뿪
ֻҪڿʨȺһ죬ⲻ˻֪
çײȣqӡ󻹲qҪάԼ󣬿סqҲ˽⣬˿˹ķ
ʨȺʨӼһжʮֻ
Ŀqq˵º󣬲ԭӭû֮ǰʨȺزһĺѱ
ĸʨݵĹͷ͹Ա๷׽ǿˡ
ڽĺǰǾأ̶ֻռ˻˿أѾŵأʨȺٺʱе
ϧҴӦ㣬̤˿أֻѡطϴλĵ·߿˹ӣʨȺأҺĸʨȡƬء
ϴʨȺά˵Ѿ뿪ʨȺʨȺûʨֻֻĸʨĿԸǡ
ԽԽ𾪣ֱվq
ķӦ̫ˣqβ˦˦޴צӰڲݵϣצµĲȫȶϣһӡ
ûɣռʨȺأ
תתֻصԭ㡣
ûʨȺĸʨȣغܲлصִĻᡣ
ҪռʨȺأ϶ᷢѪq˵Ѿº͵˵ˡ
УС
͵ذ£ͫʶqһ࣬ûбİ취𣬷ҪʨȺأ
Ȼ⡣
q˵ֻ취
˳ռ컨˿ãʨȺǿʨȺıѡ
Ǹ˿ʨȺأһ
ѵϴβ˵ҸǻǷŹ˿˹𡣡
汻ŵˣq۾ҲܺÿǻأûдӦȥռǵء
˿˹ʶʱ̰ܶɣںǣʨȺĸʨûһֻܵõĴеˡqڿЦ
Լÿ˵һֶʵ뷨ʨȺֻĸʨ棬ܡΪǻš
Ľ
ʨȺأǶ᲻ˡ
q˵ɣҪΪ׼ԭϵĶΪԴ
ϵ
ͼqȻʨȺûʨֻֻĸʨǿ뿵ʨȺƽõǵأ˿˹Ҳûʲôʶ
˵еqĶϴ˿ڿ˵Һĸʨ϶ĸʨĸʨսʤΪʨȺʹʨӣұǴߡ
Ҫͷˣ˿Ըڳԣ˵ԣʢһͼΪ˿ͣq㶼˵ˣʨӣûȿɿ
αغǼƽϡ
Ĵ΢ţ΢СĻȣЦֲǡ
ãȺʨӣʨӸϲΪ˵
ϿҰָqצϣҸϲصʨӣ㣬ᣬߺ˵ϲǶԻѵϲ
ġqԶ˼׷ĻҪ졣
q΢΢ԱȣӴʵצ¡
ʨȺq˵һ졣
˹qΪʨȺ˵Щ§ڻͣԴǿرأϲ˵ĸо/Ѿʺˣq໥Է֡
Ļ˿ϲ𡣡qֻצֱϣֻʨצм֣ȫָסˡ
һ˵˿˿˵ĻֱqúʵţȳƴӵƲq̽Ŀ⣬ҵ𣿻ռǵأҪǡ
ӱqĻ
Ϊʲôƫƫڸ˿ӱܡ
˿˵ĻqΪΪ˿ģǡ
ںĶ̫ˡ
qƽԸܾģҲӦҪ
ʨȺӭĸʨ룬ĸʨ
ʨȺ˹ǲɿصĴڣл˺ܾõĸʨȣȺ׳ٵĿʨȺ˵ֱɱȷʱ;Ǽ뿵ʨȺ򵥷㡣
ڵشq˵ҪȰſǻʨȺʨȺǹͬľ
˼ǣҪ˵ʨȺԣҲ̫ˡ
qצӺֽһȋqֱӿ˺һᣬqٿԼأѾצӴȥ
ȋqûиſȥʨȺ̽·Ҳûˣɯֻҧβͣ˵ҧĶ䡣ȋqͷһ¶ȮẒֻ̇ǲ£˷ܡ
ȋqѱƽɺ档
ޱˣ̧ͷȋqʺ̣ϴβѰȸҧˡ
ޱϵף߳ŭıޱߣȥҧޱһᣬĪ˵ȥͰ档
ĪҲȥֻq׺˵ʲô᲻˼
ޱߴ٣ĪͰߣ£ֻСʨȥ
ΪͰȵĸq棬һĴߣĪȴҪֻ̧̣צӱסúצ£صĺĪβͣ¡
ȋqû̵Ĳ֣ȥޱŤǣҡҡͷƽɺһᵹޱĻ̧צӰޱĺ룬裬Ҳϲࡣ
Ҳƽɺһ飬ޱƽɺ˵
ޱƽɺ˵ɣƽɺ˵ĪڶҸ档

ޱƽɺյëʪûϵ
ƽɺһŲš
qڡ֡ȋqӲ̧צӰqצӣqȋqצӴÿֱһ棬һᣬջqֻצӵõɣצӣϸƺΪצӵë
ȋqؿڷƣ˵˵ʲôҪצӡ
qͣռʨȺص¡
ʨȺĸʨϣܽĸʨ뿵ʨȺ
εĿͶȋqϣȋq˵У
ûʨȺĸʨǵڿʨŵģȋqǡ
ȋqķq⣬棬q˵˵һɰɡ
Ҫʲôɡqûɣ컹˹ȹǡȋqеСģÿʨȺ˿ǣںǡ
qʾʨȺĸʨͬ⣬Ҳͬ⡣
ʨȺĦȨϣüģΪˡؼҡ·ȥסȋqĴצӣʮ˵ȋqΪ˿ʨȺãʨȺûʨǿԽˣںʱȹѵӡ
ȺסȋqͬȺצӣٶȋq˻ᣬתq˵ϸ룬˵Ļеqǿǿǰɡ


51
ĸʨǰʨȺҪ˹ӣſɴɯڲԭϣҪֻ֣ĸʨУ·Ķǡ
ǻǰţҲУݾƬֵĸ˿󲿷ʱ䶼ϣϿԶžʨ๷֮ʳ⶯ϵҰҲܹ
ڣ˿ʨȺֻĸʨ
ǾֻͦԶߵ·ߺͷȷʾĸʨҪƬ֡
˿Ӵ׳ֱǰ֦֫ķ϶й۲ͷĸʨߵĵط֦ζһ£ռ֦˵ġ塱֦Ҷҵĳѽųԡ
˿վֻܷצӴϸС֦ϣ˼ֻĸʨĿġ
ˣ
ôֻĸʨ᲻ţʨȺĸʨ˿֪
ͷȥܼ辣ǲ֪ʨȺֻĸʨŶƤ˯㡣
˿̧ԶֻĸʨڱĶ治㣬Լأ˿ֻĸʨ̤룬Ϳǰϡ
Ҫĸʨ֡
ֱ̫Լأ˿ββͼڱϹ𻡶ȣķҵҶ˿βĴƬҶֱҶ̯˯ϡ
ǳߣƤϵҶӺܿѣƤϵҶڵϣͷҸ˿Ӱ
ܲ˿ֻ̣ԼﾭϰƤ֦ϡ
׼طȥ˯
˿˵ܡ
ʶ˿ں˵ƫҪ죬Ҿܡ
ֻĸʨˡ˿ӽϸߵ֦վڿߣĻ档
ܵȻ䵽Ƕӵϵ
ֻĸʨ϶ǿʨȺģúõģ
Ƭֿ˹ӣڿʨȺأΪ˹̫ڣͻqѲӡ
ǱͦĴֻĸʨĵݰˡĸʨǷ͸˿һֱ͵͵ĸʨǻ͸˿ҧġ
ϴΰ￵ʨȺʨqҪڿʨȺͣ
ǸϿ߰ɡվ˵ĽҪˡ
˿βʹ˻Σ߿ԣҪŪֻĸʨҪȥʲô
Ƭֺܴ󣬸˿аֻĸʨǰǵ·ߣ̱ܿǡ
˿βͼɨ֦ɣֻĸʨĿԵжԶĺöԣѹסƵ궯ƽһ㡣
ǲҶģ˿Ųᱻֻĸʨ֣ɲСղԼɵλãϵĲݺζڸǵ
ת˹ܣʨȺأӦûᰲȫˡ
Ѿ˼ף˿Ʒ飬ζŨأĸʨǡôﾭ϶ᷢ֡
ͣ룬Ǿˣ˿Ӧ֪ԼҪˣĶﶼµζڸǵ
ȋqûϢצӣᶨˡ
qĬĬ̾뵽ġ
ȋqɿڣΨһ˵û뵽׾˵ȋqı⣬q˵ȋqԸ⿼ǣqɡ
q˦˦βͣȻ
ʨȺκһֻԱҶ濼ǡ
ҲʨȺĳԱһ뷨
ȋqţƲһ£ǰqĻͬ£ôq·ԼĹͣ
ҹճ٣ҹ纬һ˿⣬ſɶӣԼһЩǻṳ̂˹ӣɯǰ֣ߴŨܵݷţºӰ
ɯͦģڿʨȺ˹ľǰֺɯӿѲؿʼȥǰӰİĸоɯ԰ſɺ˵־ʱҪСĵ㣬ܻűĶ
ȲΪȻֻĸʨһԱֻǣֻҪûвϴֵֻʨС
ſǰ̤ѡں͸˿̾һξ룬˿ſ֦ϣǰצѹظ£һ˫ֻĸʨ½Ӱ
һߣ˿Ļһ𣬽Ͳҷ֡СҲʨȺأܱʨӷ֡
˿ϳֻĸʨأǺ͸˿µһΪѲأֺ̤ûͣһֱǰߡ
ֶ˹ӣͿʨȺֻһ˹ӵʨȺ˿ҲҪӣ߼˿ĸʨӰתҰ˿צµһԾԾǰϣչı
֦һֵȥҶĶſɶûôңڼžȴͻأͣ£ķ
ȺɯˣǾڰſߡ
ô£ɯ͵űĶצӽץ˵һ£ҪҪȥ鿴һ¡
Ҳͬ⣬ȷûΣգȥҲ١
ͻأʹߵܻʨȺǱڵΣա
ȻǶԸ⣬ſ˵Сĵ㣬ϴûߵʨǲҪսܡ
ɯ˱Ժ˹ӱҲҪѲˡ
ֻĸʨצӣܰձܺԾĳҲǱʱǰɣἹҲ΢΢ͣԵΪ
ͷĻһſʶӣ¶ݣ̧ͷС
ɯҲ׼ֻĸʨ뱻һ
һֻͷ£βͺͺȲ֦ܲס֦԰׹ڰУ΢ζ
סֻ֦ĸʨźС
ղŵҲֻŪģһֻССĴŵſգһֻצӱĶĲӣûʱڴ˷ѡ
ɯҲﵽתһȦһ룬ϣĿƮҡĴȻһֻӸŵ
˵ˣ߰ɡ
ԴȷʵûҪ˷ʱ䣬ȥء
ɯȴҴȥſͷɣֱϸ˿ϡ
ջצӣ׷ɯȡ
ֻܾ졣
ȺӶûмĴӰһֻĴûͬ飬ô
ĸʨ뿪֣˹ӣ̤ʨȺأʨȺص黹ڼûгɹռأĿתʨȺ
˿β;ҶȻͬʨȺԭĲпû㹻ʵζŻᱻ̭
ʨȺӵڿʨȺҲܵѵ
Ϻ˿˿ҿ˵𣿡
˿վصߣԴɵ
ܸ˿ǣצϲȲȣ˿Һ顣
ǲˡ
ÿβ׽ϣͿٳˡ
˿㲻𣿡˵˵ţˣĸ˿
Դϴĸʨʲô˼Ĵţԭ˿һһСֹϵ
ϲһʼܹ֣ԭĶǶһദ͸˿˵ŵ㣬͸˿һܸˡ
Ϊ˿ûгΪ̫ˡ
ɶʨӣ˸˿
ʨӡ
ص˵˿û̫ˡ
ƶǶҲ밡еˣΪ˿Ե٣ÿԺܶࡣ
ǲ
ҪԵıģĺܴܴ󣬿Դʨӣǲ
ÿ˵Ĳԡ
ֻСﶮģѧǱӵ͸˿Ĳһ
һԲԲ۾Ÿ˿ԥҪҪͺ١
˿צԴ˵ᡣ
ӣɣĸʨǾ˵
˿ᡣ
ĸʨǸŵ˼׳˵˿һ԰ɣСӡ
ٺһ붼ˡ
ĸʨǸڡ
˿βͷ˦˦£̻С
ҺǴԣһС˿бҪҪȷ뷨
һϲԣ˿ڴ
Ĵתת˵⣬˿ֻһ˵ǶԵģܼ˵ϣϵ˿ʱ廤סǡ
ͻȻ䵽˿ͷظһߡ
ҳҲǡ
˿СԵǵ̡
˿źҲҪٵ뷨٣㳤һϳҵأҪ
ٲٲ˿ˣе
ü򵥵Ĵ£Ǹ˿һͻˡ
ȥɣ
˿ҧסһԴ뷨ĺ󲱾ŵһ׳ϣ̷ֻֿõƬ̵İ
ǵȥ˵ʲô𣿡
ܿش𣬡֪
֪͹ԹĻ˿Ϸüϲ˲䣬ҶӰ¹ֳϸСĹӰǵ¶ȡ
˿أܵʱ˷ܡû˵⼸죬ʳ
ദÿһϸڣֻһӿʨȺߣɡ
˿ţɵѡ
Ҫȴʱ̫
һֻԻŲݵϵĸµζһֱ˹ϣЩԥĸζӱ߾ɢˣ֪ӶڿʨȺģȥʨȺ
Իںӱǻһᣬ̤ȥĿʨȺдȥײ˸˿̾Իŵ׷ٺܾĸζ֪ĸڸ
˿ԻͲˣѹͼצȺǰ֫ù׼˫Ի
ҲİԻҶһԡ
ۻǵĴڣۻҧǡ
˿Բۻ˺ֻ̡
ۻ뵽ȫ룬л̵Ĵڣǰ֫ڸ˿̶ص£쳤ȥ˿̴Ծڵצӹۻıϣӵĺ쳹֣˿ʵڲԭϺлܴӮӵһƬزסǺݾۻȲƴţ˿צӻ͸ۻӺĸĴһϣվϣϵʹϵѪҶϣ΢ž졣
ûôǿĸһֻҪĸ
ۻԼɣ׷Ȼ㱻ҧ
ǻȫѪζ˿ߵ£Ķϵۻҹ۾Ź⣬Ȯ¶β˦ţϵۻʮֲֿ
ۻͼߵĵط˿ҵıӰצӿ۶ƤĦ
˿ƣѹۻۻ·ˣϸϸ֦ܲס
ۻӣͷ̬Ӻ﷢ͳĽ˿Ϣ
˿βӶţǰ֫ۻŵ֦ϣݷһ̾Ҫҧĺ
ۻ˵ᵽ㷢ζûж⡣
飿
Ÿ˿⼸궯õ˽
䵽ˣҪӭһηڡ
һη飬µѶϢԼûȴһֻۻ̤˹׷ֻۻ򲻹˵Լû⣬ǵС
ۻо˿ߴ΢ƿ۲ܣҪҵѵİ취ֻϻԱߵϣֶ˵Ѷȡ
˿ûҪŹ˼ǰ֫Ȼվ֦ϣʱٴζ𹥻ۻֻƴһԱߵߣĬĬƶ壬˿ûзӦۻһϲŸ˿ʱ򣬽һ֦ʹչȥ
˿ץϣٻٵϣ
ֻצۻԾȥһ֦ܲסֻѣ֦׹˲䣬˿צץסɣۻˤڵʧȥߡ
һᣬŴȥۻ
˿ҧۻĸ˺ҧ⣬ǰ֫մðѪԳͬû̫ȤѪζ̼˿ĺצڵϵ˼£ֻ̰ȥʳۻ⡣
̶ֻȥۻеӣ˿ñӶǣǰ
һγͬ⣬ʳۻѪͷһǰצĸ˿
˿ĺأڿܡ
ʣ˿ʲô˼ۻԸ˿˵Ļ
˿צӣ㻹СҪ֪
ζܻۻ˿Ҫ/䣬ΨһҪ/Ķֻ
ֻҪһ£˿βͼ㼱ٶ
ҲҪ
ڿʨȺ˿ٵˣŴ󵽶㣬Ĵֻһͷ
ҵ/䣬߶ɹڡ
ķڲٿԭʼ˿Ҳ⡣
Ƭֲȫˣ̶ֻۻʬûκȤ󣬸˿Ǻ͡塱ȥ·


52
ʨȺĸʨǼʳﲹĵϱʨצӹһС⣬һӣСɳΧߣȲβϣ¿ĸʨԡ
Ƕ˼ֻʳĸֻСԣǸĸףһһ߹۲Χ
ȥȣֻĸʨɢܣڲݴȵĸ½ģֻСҲʼ뿪ĸߣ̤̤ǲڵĸԡ
˹жڲﴩ󣬽ŲᣬȰѹŲʳ
֮˿ϣסĸܻܵһֻĸʨѾ˹˿򶼿ʼжͰҲΧȦֻĸʨͬһĿǰ
ϿտȥֻĸʨڲݴеӰïܵĲݼ⣬ֱеˮƱƽȦǡ
ĸʨƱҪһȵ˺ʵľ룬˹ǰצڲݵϣ۾ĸȵĸֲʨʱĸ˹ľֻм֮ңĸһӺȣͼҪܣ˹ȥצץסĸԴŴȮҧסĸǲ
ĸϷһֱˣ˹ӵأס˵ĸСӴܣ˿ȥ˹ŵĸ
Ͱȥ׽ֻĴӴܵС
Сȥְ˹˿
ƤĸӴֻĸʨ賿ʱĸҧ
˿һֱŵͣŴ
˹ҧĸǲѪĭӣ˦˦ͺŻȹʳ
Сʬ尤ĸԣһڣ롣
ĸʨǿʼʳ˹ĵͺڣʨȺĸʨζİſɣ̧ͷϸĸʨķʨȺôãȷʵûʨټżڲݴԺϣᵽʨµζ
ʨµζѾǳûٴθȥά˵Ļģ뿪ʨȺ
ſɴɯȥʨķʨȺĸʨڲʳֻĸʨſڵϣ˺ϵ⣬ʨӵҹǿſͣԭأڽʳĸʨûʨӰ
ĵ˻ᣬʨȺĸʨһֻԱˣһצӵѪɾëʨȻûг֡
ɯ˵ſɣǿԻȥˣʨȺûʨ
̫ͣʱ䣬ᱻ֡
ſͬ⣬ҹɫֻĸʨߡ
û뵽ϴֿʨȺֻʨʨȺʧܺ󣬻˹ӱߣٿˮԴϻʳݶӱˮֻ˵ʨ˵ܹάˡ
ֻʨٴ򣬴ʨȺƻصӱߣڵϵ˿ڣſ̤˹ӵʱʨǲڣҪؿʨȺɯ̿˺ӱߵֻʨֻǳʨϴֿʨȺʨӡ
ά˲ڡ
ĸʨͣ£ֻʨͬҲǣϳֻĸʨڿʨȺ
ʨ׷վֻĸʨ
˫һξֶŵ̬ս
ɯ˦˦βͣſɣֻʨʨȺأǼʨȺˣ
ſϢأûУȻֻʨʨȺĸʨһ𡣡
ɯ΢ģֻʨʨȺǴ룬ͬʨȺֻĸʨΧǡ
ҰڿʨȺצ£Ǳߣ˳Уֻʨվһ𣬳Ϊ赲ſǻȥ谭
Ҫٴһˡȳ˵
ֻʨץסεĻᣬצӳĸʨǵķȥصצӲڲݵϣ淢ƵĸʨǺηӭȥӮǾͿԻصʨȺǴХķʨ
е̫áˡ
ܳܿʨȺĸʨ̤˹ܵ԰һľУ⴦Ȼ˯㡣
ʨӵĺʹԶǴӹľ̽ͷϳֻʨͿʨȺֻĸʨڴ򶷣һֻĸʨϳˣǰſɡ
ʨȺĸʨʨȺأֵֻʨˡ
սң˫þȫǿǻצȣͳϵ˺ۣоʹ
ֱȥ￵ʨȺĸʨûֻܸʨſӦԵ΢
Ȩţĸʨƺ֪ȥֻʹȫĵſײɯǰʨ˵ܡ
ֻʨΧȣſɺɯ빥һͷʨװſɵ˼׼սſɺɯϣֻʨˣԼ˼ȥ׷
Ǵӹľþδ
ȵʨĸʨӰˣǲŻæˮص֣ȥҸ˿˵¡
ܵ뿪ʱ˿ᵽѪζ˿Ӱ
˿ˣ
˳ѪζȥһֻƶǵĻڵϣæСܹȥýˣȥĻǸ˿һͷۻ
ۻʬᣬи˿ֻСӵζ
ۻǸ˿ɱģ⡣
˿ˣۻ
ۻԸ˿ֻСӲвո˿С۵ԸҧҲ
ɭתһȦûи˿ֻСӣӶڣȥˣ
ѵء
ǲǷǸŸ˿ɣûӿʨȺڣҪ͸˿ݽˣ˿뿪ʮơ
ݵϻŸ˿ųСӣǵͷᣬȫǸ˿ζ
죬뵽ˡ
ĸ˿Ҫ/䣬˿ҧ˳ζʨԼɹ˷ڣô
ʨȺڵķø˿ĸԸ/ģӦֻˡ
ڵȰſǻʨȺֻĸʨqŲǺͰ껹ޱȥԡ
ȋqߣϣצӰĲ
ʨȺֻֻĸʨֱȋqţޡȋqճߣźڽϻ£ȻĪζϣһ׵ľ룬ܸܵԼżĿ⡣
ڻǰָ˶򿪱óõıЯֵͲġ
ĪεqȥˣʧȥޱĹĪʨӶɡ
ŵצͻȻĪαϣĪαһŤͷȥŶ˵費ڣһῴ㡣
ʲôԶ
Īû˵ͰŶţβͼⲻͣСȶڲͷ
ſɹܲĪͷͷСһﻹû꣬ͱסˣ˻ˡ
ޱqǰ˵ܺĪΣҰҲϲʨȺʨΧת·Ƕôϡһ
ƽɺͱ˰ŵĻҲĪߣſޣǹʨӡ
˵ĪιԲԣ
ߵ£Զ㣬ǹʨӡ
˰ŵĻСţͦõġ
ҷqˣ϶Ǻƽദ
߲ſ޵ĸʵĺܡ
Դϴ֦󣬺߲ݱϲĸߣʹġ
ſ޵˼˺߲ݣ㵱ȻΪ˵
ޣ㲻Ҳϲɡ
޸ϽĿİͰͷϣ˵
ߵӷʲôƵģŵ٩˺߲ݡ
߲ݡֹ˵ֵ֡
qҲ֡
ʨȺʨȺ궯ӿԹߣĳ֣qռ˿صļƻqԡ衱ʨȺ
Ŷӵ룬ҲǹģԭϣЩΪߵ
ţϵ
²ۺ߲ݵ֡
ͦġ
֮ǰҲúܹ֣ϰˣͦõġ
Ҫǣ߲ȡģҲ˺߲ݣ޾ֺ塣
̾ţЩ˵ˣq˵
źӦúܵɡ
ǶΪ˵
ͷȥͶڿǡ
ŴӵϷǰ֫£Թڿʲô
治ʵ
ǣԸǴһǾӦó׺ǻ롣
޲ŴһˣĶ̫ˡ˵վ£߹
ȋqҲ
ȥ˭Ű޺Īεֶ˵һ飬ˡ
ҪҰţ
ŶĵʨȺʨӶ֪ͰƽʱҲûнӴ
ȋqܵǰ棬ʲô飬ҿ԰˵
ǰܺȋq˵Լɡ
ᶨߵźǰֻĸʨȥס߲ݵĲӣСʨӵëը΢΢ף޽ſĶ
Сʨӱסؽл
޽ͣ뿴ˣûбء˵ţŵֵͲҧסβֵͲγһ̼ź޵۾ǵһμԲԲĶ棬ƶ⡣
˫̶ֹס߲ݡԴֿ߲ͣݡ˼£ͷһ㡣
߲ݡ
ֵͲĹյĺСʨ˿ڻ죬ûж񻯡
ɿ塱޵
ôʵ
ûбøءֵͲص˵⼸쾡ιԡСʨӼ´ʱĸʨι
޷ˣͷĸ첲лл㡣
ڵϣֳϥͷûҪȥ˼ŵĿⲻƣӣ¶һѺõЦݡ
ͻȻ԰Цһ£ŵĲŤܿЦݡ
ҪԻܡ
Īƽɺ˵ıϣѹסҧĶͲϵë
ǰţ޶ںϻĿģʣ𣬿Ժ˵
ճߵȋqתˣ룬ĸʨڣ˵źޣͬʨȺˡ
ȋq˵ʲôζΪ˵צӣô˵źޣô
ǿʨȺԸȽĸʨ̣Դᡣ
ָĦüģŨܵĽ޽ȶһᣬ˵q˵ʨȺĸʨͬռʨȺء
ⲻĵ£õʨȺغҲ棬࣬Ըȋq߶԰֦Ӻ߲ȡĸʨռأ϶С
ްɻѹͷ˵ǵģʨȺҪΪºĺ׼
⡣ͷqӸ˿ػ;ңʱڸʨȺ˿˹ǵأ˵ʨȺֻֻĸʨ̶ûС
ʨȺǲǸ˫ˣͬӦԺ
ʨȺĸʨʨȺĸʨҪ࣬ʨȺ԰ϳأȴԸǽˣʨȺĸʨǿ϶ԿʨȺм
ٵʱʨȺĸʨֹʨȺ̤ء
ҲÿѲأߡ
ʨȺ÷ֳĸʨȥʨȺѲӣȴһȡõأǺܺ𡣡
һ˵꣬򴽿ޡ
޵ʨ¶Ϊѡ
˼ˣq˵ҪʨȺĸʨҪʨȺأõķʽǺǽˡ
ĸʨǶͬ飬ҲѰ죬ſ·ϣǺʨȺֻĸʨˣֵĺܲ졣ʨȺĸʨ϶Ҳǣ޾ãqͬʨȺˣԷʨȺĸʨҲԸ⡣
ŰĻһ䲻©ڶζҪըˣ࣬ڿʨȺĶʨȺĸʨ
ʨȺʲôϵ
ҪΪ˵ʣŪľͷ
ͣҲΪ˿ʨȺãĴˡ
ߣǵ£޹ء
ʨȺĸʨ˰ɡ
˵ʨȺ˿Եģ㽻/䣬㲻ԸΪʲôԸ⣬ĻҲǸ׵õʨȺء
βţţ̫֡
ȋqվŰţţջĻں
ȋqΪܣҲΪҴһ𡣡Щʧ˵
סȋqȋqҺͰ˵
ȋq˵ұҪѵһ°ţ㡣
ûµģᶨƽͶ԰˵ţңΪڸ˿أҶq˵Զ̤˿ء
ʱҧңqס
ֱqʨȺҲȻҡ
ʵңҲ޷ԭ£ϣʱ֮ĶԹ˵Ļ
ӵ̬ݷܱﰲŶĲмڲԽϻµˮһݵʧ˲䣬ҲqȋqٵĻ
ǵɵһŪ
Ϊʲôʵʵڸ˿ߣҪʨȺ
˵㲻𡣡
Ϊ˿еƭˡ
ȋq̲ˣ㿪֣˵ϣͺ𣬰ŲʾҲŭ޽ŵȋqţŵ̡
ݷ֤˰ŵĻҪΪ
һƽ͵̬άֲȥˣͼͰͣӵһʨ˵ˣΪҲֵá
ȋqͰһǰһתͷȻһЦڴڿϣ۾ģָ˵㰲ţƭȻһ㡣
˵꣬ûȥעŵķӦֶ޷ϣܿҵĽ飬ҵĴ𰸡


53
̫ʱⱻqȥԵĸʨһֻĹ
ȥקĸʨѽϵϻԶĵطqȥźϻµĸʨ̷ʳ
޺ͰŴӵСʨȥʳλá
ûȋqΪǾ仰󣬱Įת뿪
һԽſǣ̶󣬾ֻǳСĸʨ۾ɵԲԲȋqѰŰצ¡
ڸ˿شǴΣqȋqеʧ
ͬڿʨȺĸʨӦŽᣬȋqȴͬצ
ȋqŲϷİţջצӣţкڵһ𡣡ȋqתʱ˵һ䡣
ȋq뿪ıӰ̧ӣ˦˦ͷʨţΪԵء
ͬȋqĻñӲ䰲ţŴӲݵվֹ
ŵͷϵĲм˼ں̧޵ĵߣ㱻˵ˣ
̾Ϣһûлشŵ⡣
qֻĸʨĬûqʱ飬ĸʨռŽʳλãȋqͰԶԶһڽľһڽȲ
ƽʱעϸڵqһҲںϻտ̵׷ԭ򣬵ǣڸqעǣʳĸʨûаſɯȵӰǻûл
ӽϻµʨȺأſǴĸʨߵٶȣӦѾˡ
qû˽ʳֱ۾ֻĸʨȥķ򣬳׺ڲԭϵĹľԺûгӰ
qſɢȣźܵĻĵġ
·Σˣ̤ʨȺܲ˳
ſɲ³çq˽ĸԣΪаſɴɯȣqŷġ
ԵһİȷqڽʬԲʳ˹ӵķ
ͣ½ʳͺͱӵѪqôѽ
ſɺɯȻûлq硣
갲οʨȺԶҲſڻ·ϡ
Ҫǡ˵ſɻûȥǡ
ֻˡ
ԭ¶̫ߣΪʨӣĺ߹ľϢ⡣
û׷ϸ˿һֻߵĻ졣
̧ͷڿеգ̧צ棬ѭζȥҸ˿
ĸ˿ܵΪɻ߲ݵζڿʨȺأ˿Ѿȫںµζ᲻ᱻʨȺĸʨᵽÿᵽһޱúצڲݵϵż£˿ζ
ҵ˿ʱһд棬ûֱӴʨȺȥһŹι״ϣ˼Ȧ˿һۣβʹβͼ⹴һ뻡
˼˿⣬ĺӱߡ
ţһӱ׽ȡˮ̼ǰɡ
ǲ³˸˿С˼ĳһ¡
Ȼҵ˻£˿˿
˿ǿҶ̽ͷСӺֳܾЩצӽɣǶϺԴ
ǵβ»Ӷ£Ÿ˿֡
ϴβͶ£ǻӦǡ
㲻ңܵһ·ǵԴڲݵϲ䣬ֵ
Ҳһֻܵʨӡ˿ƽص
ïܵҶڻӰʱ˫ڷʱӻĿ
ǳԱӱشϸĲҶᵹһƬ
쿵ʨȺֻĸʨʨȺؿǡ
˿ûзӦݷ֪ˡ
Щգͷδ̫ˡ
վ˻ᣬ˼ҪҪ˿ͬһ£ûģƨɺͺһᣬȥǺϴֿʨȺصͷʨˡ
ԣ˿βջȥ°ǰצϣǡ
Ȥǲ⣬ԭҲ˿֪¡
ӣ˵ȥ
ǴߣΪȥǰצմȾۻѪѾ˿µĸɸɾʵһͷƯĻͷƯýĻǵĲӡ
Ǽ˼
ӱҧۻʬ廹ĿٻᲶʳͬ࣬ʳѷͬغ̲вܻᲶʳͬࡣ
˿ڷڵӰ£бˡ
ˣǰβӲݣӱ
˿ĺ£ΪԼбĸ˿ҧǸϿȫ˵ֻĸʨˣܽʨȺأʨں׷
ȻءԼǵʶȤͦ⣬˿ͣ£ʵ
ʵ˵Ҳ֪
Ͻȥ㡣
ֻʨʨȺĸʨܣ϶ǺǡΪʨȺֻĸʨ»زʨȺˡ
̸ͬ飬겻ѣһֻĸʨʨȺԪˡ
˿β˦ǣ⡣
˵ϴʨ֣˿ʨȺĸʨǴӦһҪ󡣡
ԡ
벻Ҫһ˿ųն
ҧסնȻ롣ʨȺǷҪԽԽá
ȥʵ߿ʨȺʨӣ˵ֻĸʨ鷳˵ص㡣
ĸʨqһĸʨȥʨȺֻĸʨ
ǻм㡣
Ǹ⡣
ǰ˿ʨȺ
˿ûôİɡ
԰ֱ˵
˿û뿪أһȥ  
ǶˣҪ
е㲻ˬ
һqȥֻĸʨô죿ȥܽһĸʨ̺ء
ҵ¡˿˵ȥqͿԡ
š
ڵĸ˿Ӷ
Ṇ̀βϷɳ棬Ը˿ĶֲԸˬӦ
˵ȥqɣҰѻø㡣
ֲһ䣬ſʨȺĸʨûаĲҧ֮ǰ
ɹ󣬱Ҫ󡣡
ûأҲûʨȺ˿ҸҪʨȺæģ㡣
ǳĬˡ
ʱţſɯһֱûлʨȺĸʨ׷׽ĸʨȺ궯
ʵһ𣬳Ա⿪ʼǷ˯
qȋqĬĬصϻ£Ͱһ
ΪqȥߣȻq鲻̫ãſڲݵϣǰ֫ظǰĿֻĸʨ뿪ķ
ȋq̫ϸģq仯У˼һᣬȋqqߣ£ǰצq°͡
qûû˾䣬ȋqͰˡ
ȋqջצӣܵʲô¡
q㲻ģڵİſ𣿡
ţ뿪ʱܳˣûʨȺĸʨqΪľʨȺκһֻĸʨܵ˺
Զһֻĸʨ
qļվ
ܿ侲ֻһֻĸʨֻĸʨأ
ĳˣ
qСӭȥĸʨ׷׸ȥ
˿˵¶һδʨȺʨȺʣµĸʨɳӳͣ£ԭǻһӦǿʨȺĸʨҪǺתܡ
˼Ǽᶨ¸ҳǰȥ
ˣqֻĸʨǰſɯκһֻĸʨǡ
qĳȥ
qŬѹţԻǰе˵ǣٴ̤뿵ʨȺأҪҵģ
ԭһϳȥ
ǵβæ˵һ£ȷʵǡ
ڰſɵġ
qţ˵ʨȺֻĸʨ
ܲҵǣǻ·˹ϴʨȺֻǳʨ
ſɸǴˡ
һʧʨȺأ֪
ĸʨû뵽ȥʨȺֻĸʨ⡣
ĸʨǵ뷨֮ǰһϵֻʨһλᣬ԰ſʵʩ
qס񣬡ƾʲô㡣
һƭء
ʨȺǶһֱģóѻƭ
ǲqȥֻĸʨʱ䣬ڻԣԴܿ峯ҲڶǾһ档
ӽǣǵӰĸʨסˣòԶԶȥĸʨǳβһ⣬ѷǡ
ȥֻһֻ
µһˡ
ſǱʨȺĸʨˣ
ֻĸʨֻĸʨʤ㲻
ʨȺҧ˿ʨȺֻĸʨȰ˵ĸʨʨȺˣûκˡ
ʱϲҧҧָڣҲ⡣
ؿһ£üͷ˽ᡣ
ʨȺʨȺìܲɵڵĻҪǸϿ뿪ʨȺʨȺûɱɾȥĸʨȡ
Ȳ鿴Сϵ˿ڣڿʨȺ⼸죬˿ƽ
֪ԼʣŲס˴ԽããԭǰʨȺʱͬqʨȺΪq˿˹ȥסʨȺ˳á
ȲˣķչԤϣҪ뿪ʨȺqͬɡ
ջߣ˵ǿԵȣſ˵ĻӦܻ
ˣͻز
̧צٵϵܽʨȺ˹ǰɣҲ˹Ỷӭͻĸʨ̤ء
صqϴʨ֣Ӧòƭǡ
벻ţмŵǰſɯİΣ
ɯŮſɺദܾõĻ飬q᲻ˡ
ȷʵֻĸʨٳδ飬q뷨˵ģ֤qĻ뷨
qȥʨȺֻĸʨ
ʨȺҲҪĸʨغ̡
q°źޣֻĸʨȥʨȺء
˵Ҳȥ
°ɡ˶٣˵߲Ҫ
ĪƽɺҲ԰޿̣ߣ㹻ˡ
һϲʨȺʨԽԽãǻ԰԰һʨȺĸʨֻʨһǣд鷳
qǣ﷢飬Ŭվıֱתһ¡
һȥq˵
ΪʲôǺһҲȥ
˵ģʨȺһ㣬ٴӦһҪƭҵĻһҧ㡣qᣬ˵Ļŵȶһ¡
ңҪ֮ǰӦһҪ󣬲Ҫȥ
ˡqܾ԰˵£һȥ
Ǻܣȋq׷ȥסһҪǵԭqû˵ȋqܲ³͵͵ǲڣߡ
ͷĸʨڲԭˣϲˣС
ǱȸqǰʨȺĸʨǰΧм䣬ȫܲˣɬֱ˸˿ĵ
ϵ÷ߵ࣬Ӹ࣡
q뿪תȥqʨȺԱǰҪأ֤ÿһ̶ֻš
·ǰ棬ϸüڵģʲô𣿡
룬ûȫ
󣬺ĲһԷģûе
ôǵ£
ڣ˿ǲҲڸ
ʨȺֻڣ㲻Ҫܡ޼ֽ͵ֵʨ๷Ҳܼʱȥ㡣
ףһߵġ
տ̡
޸ˣ΢΢ſߵĻЦ
ϻֻڣĪε˼ƽɺͱ縺صΣԵú棬δȫɵںϻ£۲ܵĶ
ûʨӷעĪչ壬ȥߣȥϴαܵĽ
ߵһ룬Īοһֻľ
ľҺܷɢֻûڵĶһţΣһһ߿
Ĵӡ
Ī붼û룬ɿܹȥҪҧ
￴˳ʨӣһɹע⣬תϳˡ塣
ϲϸո֣ʶĪҪҧ塱æ𣡡
Īαܵ塱ߣ塱˫򱼸ĪҪ˵ʱסĴȣ۾
Ī˸ա
ֻʶ
Īͷ
˺Һʶ̧Դ
ĪζĽѷΧʾ⡣
塱ۣĪη
ι塱ͷë̫ףʨӵĵϡ
Īȥˣֻӵʲô
ˣ塱Ҳˣ֪˿϶Ҳڡ
ʱ򣬡塱߬ţߡ
ǡȥ˿
ֵؿڣƽٵҲãλ͸˿˵ɡ
̧˳š塱Ī˵Ҵ飬𡣡
ĪֹסĶ
ȥϴεĻ
ıӰԶȥķϴĪκһȥĺӱߡ
ĪβͲܡ
һľʺϸ٣ĪҪϣ޵ĪΡ
Īνסߵǰȥͱƽɺһĸʨڣذɣƽɺĺܺá
ΪĪϸϸģһģ뿪ˣq֪뿪һ᲻˶԰ɡ
Ҳ뿪ӰĪ˵ȥȥƽɺڵ㡣
ĪҲںʨȺֻǣ޸һᷢͻġ
ޡĪλ˵ϣҪޱʧ
ĪεβʹĬĬתȥ
Īλصϻ£޳ղ뿪ķ׷ȥ
׽ȡˮĺӱߣѾϤˣ塱쵽ڵϲ²ݵصĸ˿
ĸоǰܲһ΢ţһɫϸߣɢϢ
صĸ˿èһɵϲĶͦϡġ
һֻè
𣬺ܿƽ
˿Ϊ̫
Ļʻȥ˼ģ˿㻹𡣡
󣬸˿ӵèһŲȣɫҫޱȣͷϢһ㱡͸ȥļ
֪룬Ϊ˿Ҫĸ/ַ̧ڻͷϣӲ£ܲ⣬뿪֣΢ҧס֡
˻ΪԼҧʹ˿ղҧĵط
ͳ˵ҡ


54
˿ռݵǿùµҰ԰ѺΧĲݵУʨȺֻʨӼǰ˹ӵӰ˸˿Ԥϡ
ֻĸʨôϻ£ߣֻһͷĸʨڸ˿˵ȷʵһ԰ߵĻᡣ
ĴԲϼǿߵͷ΢ĩǰ˽ͷ϶ҪĸԸȥ
ֻСȲϣ˿ͣסβʹ£ѹ̤뿵ʨȺϢصı뷨߸ŵġ塱
塱˳˺ӱߣͷóѵĻԼϵζȫȾϡ
һη/ĸ˿ѭԼıܣ˵Ҳɬڴġ
ĴԺһţظ˿Ļ㡭ʲôҪô
˿βͺյ·϶ȥë׵βɨıݵѡ
/е飬ְ̧ס˿ҵβͣ·ë׵βһĺۼ
βͼ⻹һһ㣬·޷Զ
ʼȡ
ôԵ/Ҳ޷⵱Ǹ˿֡ô֮ǰ͸˿һʱһֱԵĳЩΪϸһ¡
ʱΪԼķӦ߳ʱΪ˿ΪҲΪǶ಻ͬûе
ְæܲС
βͱס˿ȥð˺ˮԹͷͣ˵У˿
̧/Զ׼
ӱߵĹľжﴩ죬˿ľԻڣֹͣŹľΧ֦Ҷϸ鶯
Ž˿͵͵ĺһֻĸʨӹľԺ߳
ޡϳֻĸʨ
ĸʨ֣˿ͦˬģ˦βͣβͻ·
Ŀ⸴ӿͻ˿̬ǺܣͿʨȺκһֻĸʨ֮䶼ûеġ
ӱߣᵽ˻ζȲţڸ˿ؿ͸˿֮Ļ
ûqʨȺǰ͸˿һſ˵ڻ·ϣĸʨߣġ
ʱ޻룬˿
֪˴𰸡
վڹľµӰУӰ߲ķ϶п˸˿̧צӰߵǰ
߰ĸ˿վڿʨȺϣա
ֻĸʨ˿/ˡ
һη/οᷢʲôԶ
ͦģ᲻ԴصĻûκδ
һȥ˵͸˿£ҲʨȺκһֻĸʨ
˿ȫ
һֻĸʨ˿ܼ򵥡
ԭôã˶򶷣޺͸˿״̬һĴ˵㣬ɿ·֣˿β·¡
˵ޣȻȥҺͺ͸˿˵껰
С˵㣬˿/ˣҪôֻ˵껰
/顣
ˣԭ˿ֵֹԭΪ/ˡ
⣬ӦǸ˿һη/ɡ
ͻȻĬ
˿ͷҪ𣿡
ȷϣ˵㷢/ˣģ
û֮ǰ˿أԣ̣ͲԭϵĶһÿΪ汼
ڳٳδķ/ڣڸ˿ĿǷΧڡֱأ˿æµ
˿߾ģǶ޷Ƶķ/ڣ࣬ûʱͻȻֵķ/ڡ
Լǰ¶е/̬վϵ·Ȼ룬ֻ΢΢ĶʵҲһ㲨
ء
¡
ǡ˿ֻ
ǺûᣬʨȺĸʨ󲿷ֶڣǼҴȥ˱ʨȺأûһز
Ц¡
ɺϵΪǸ˿ٿһС
Ը˿˵İܾܾ
ķ/ڵòӦúܡ
Ȱɹһء
вõԤУ˵ޣҲܸܲ˿
Σ㵱ûɡ
һܸл㡣
qҸ͡
˿ıϢȣ˵ҿɱ
ɱޣûʨ֪ǵ£qܣ˿Ӳȥȣޡ
ִӻļϻȥƸβһֱβкܴã˿ļƶĺצڲݵʹ˼¡
˿Ӧұ˺ޣһȰ뿪˿۾ˣ΢΢Ķ˵
޿ǰһĻƣˮһҪˮҷҪȥء
ޣ㲻ġ
޽Ťһԡ
˵˿ˡ
qĸʨ뿪ˣֻǳĸʨֻܿ㡣
ڸ˿ʱ֪ܻףڽ׶޵β˦һ¡
ȥ߲Ѹ˿ȥұʨȺ̾Ϣһ˺߲ݡ
Σ͵û
Ҳq˵
ǣq֮ǰ˿뿪ʨȺأҲʨȺ
޾һۣת뿪
ӱ߾ִӸ˿Ƶβ͸ӡ
ûпʨȺĸʨţ˿׷ɿ/˳ȫܡ
˿ǰ֫΢΢£γһȡ
ָĲһֱ۵βͼ⡣
ͻȣԵúСÿһ£˿һ£ǰצſץŲݵء
ڣˣ϶㣬ߣèߣǶ˵Ҳø˿ᡣ
ڸ˿ᵽˡ
ȷʵ
﷢⿿¿ɲ
˿ڵϣڵϴ
ţëӲʱЩֲ̧˲䣬˿β͹ĲӣСŶںӱ߹ľԵӰ¡
ǵϴεˡ
ԭȲӦԭ¶ȣֻнҹˬһЩںӱεܴԭ˼ܲס
˭뵽˿˵š
˿ܵӰ£תͷ
ԭ̤צĸ˿˵ܵӰغϡ
̧߹ȥ
ˣ////ƨɶŸ˿ߴӺ﷢͵͵
ӱֻ͸˿ڣ黷һȦ˿͵͵ĺЩǱơ
ס
Ǹ/β͸û̫ô
˿β̧䵽ϣ߬ס߬ˣ˿ҲûȵһӦ
΢΢ĿƺͲӡ
߬β͵֣ܸĽӲ
ϲ
˿βʹѿβס˫ۣʶ˿Ҫ۾β˲𣬴硣
ţϸƤֱϡ
üһ£ܿչ
ۣμĸ˿
ֱ̹//
ƫ̫Ҹţ˺֡
ĿɫƿɤӸɵĲˡ
ûӦ
˿ס󣬷Լϡ
һֱ쵽صĺɫźķȣչɡ
˿Ҳڽźߡ
ֻǸһ£롣
Ĵ൫ǿ죬ܿͻ˰ɡ
ûҶ/˳¡
˿һ£߬סܴۣҧҧסۣ˵£ɡ
Լİã˿ץ˫ַϣ
ƿߣִͣ۵֪ʶ
˿ţһʵ/ٵʧȥ׼ȷȣŪ
ʹܺã˿һûж㿪
ûԭǰһ֪˿㾭ḻ
ֻǣղסżЩ
ʱ˿ָͻεצſٺ£ɵĿӾ塣
Ұ⻷գʱе˿ҰִᣬҲ¡
׾Ĳø˿Ĳ̧ߣоĿȥĿ죬˿ؿھͷ˫
ķΧһȦ⣬ɫҫŹ
˿̣ǲԭû֮
ܹ/ϣڣ𡣡ɤӴϣӽȥһɳһ
˿ۣ촽һһϡ̫ˡ
ڿ
һԼԵȻֻΪ˰˿
ڶֿʼʱ˿ͷļϣ
Ϊ˺ʹţ˿ϡ
ƺ˿Ҳģͣϣֻ̱ץס˻ȥ
áͼص
˿ģⳡͻأҪĻ͸˿˵ס
ֻڸ˿ѧ׵ʱס°赲
˲䣬˿ѣоӾ硣
ӱߵĹľڵסǵӰ
ˮ//ֻ˫֪ޱ޼ʵſ
ϰͱȲԭûκһֻȫԽƬԭ
ʳݶʳ⶯ֲڲԭ䣬һӴʳʳ˵ģӵзḻԴǿʵ
Щ죬Ǹ˿ͿʨȺǺʨȺĦĲԭ΢
Ψһֵ۵ģֻдڴ˵еࡣ
ʨȺǸϵʨȺĸʨǵѪһֱţ˽죬ʨȺʮֻĸʨֻ2ǳĸʨֻ̣ͷʨ
ͷʨڱʨȺѾˡ
ʨ˵ͬһʨȺʱܳˣʨڲԭϺܿ쳤ɣǻûʨʨȺȥսʨȺʨԭʨռʨȺ
ʨȺֻʨβͰֵ꣬ܣ2ʱԭʨȺܱʨȺʨռ챴ʨȺֱڡ
ûбʨܹǡ
ʮֻĸʨΪʨȺṩʳʨȺǿĻܣֻҪβͰֹܹʨȺ֣ǿʨܣĸʨǲκ⡣
ȻβͰܣĸʨҲΪǶģʨȺˡ
ʨȺʮֻĸʨſһ£βϷɳ棬һһȺ
ǽֻǳĸʨǶ£ֳѧϰԡ
ڸ±ܲԲǵΪĸʨǾµȴ̫ɽ
˯һķƱչ壬ͷͼԵļ
ԱŲŲƱ㹻չռ䡣
Ʊſţ˦˦ԴҰȮڲԭϢ֪𡣡
ģ˫ţſţҲֱӺظƳأֻҪڣĸʨĹǡ
Ʊצڼıϣڸһ񣬡ִϢܶ࣬˵һ
ȻǹϢ
˵Ⱥͻ˿ǰ£תͶʨȺ˿˹ô
ԭոһյģƱȲͷԱҧҲĸʨȺ֣էһʵ£̲ס˵
Ӧƽƽ಻档
Ҫĵֻܶ࣬Ҫ಻뱴ʨȺĸʨ̲вԼ˵ǲԭһʯͷֵġ
ֲ˵ˡ
ٺϢ˵ĸʨɥʧ
ƱȴӼɵĶƤϣ˫Ʊȵѹ۾̧צ˷Ʊȼצ
ƱӲ⼸£˵˵
Һġ
û˵ȥҼֻСʨӣǲ꣬ʨȺܺ棬ǻϲۡ
Ʊ˵Ҫ˵Ļڵͻ
촭̧վƱȴϡ
㣬һ
Ʊޱͬֱ̫ˣȼҪٱ
ͼû˵Ļ
ڲϸöá
Ʊ˵ʮֻĸʨòҳ
ڱʨȺǷƱȷһ¡
Ҳ˵ʨȺľȣụֻֻ̂ĸʨ
ྐྵȻѡǣ÷Ʊ벻ͨĵط
ϲĸʨʨȺӦõѡ
ĺƤϰΪ̫ˣʱȥĴûࡣ
죬һͼ˵벶ԡ
ƱȲһ̵̻ġ
ĸʨǶŵĽȺдһֻܣҲűܡ
վŽȺڲݵ̤һɳ̡
켸ֻĸʨȥ׷ɢĵط¶һİʨӰĴ뾪˽Ⱥ
ڲֹȺĸʨҲͺİʨأвʨȺ̣ܲɣȫĸʨ˳
ʨά˶ҧʨȺûеȤͷļһ⣬ŵĸʨǣά˱ҪҰβͰ˼ۣȺܵķȥ
׷˼ͣ£ʨĿ겻ǡ
ֵķƱ˵ͷʨʨȺάˣ˵ʨȺϳˡ
ĸʨ࣬ˡ
˦˦βͣ˼
ģôʨά˳ڱʨȺϵΪܹ졣
ͣˮ룬һ磬͸˿ںӱߡ
˿ϣϢϵķ˿

ʶ[Թ]
ıٱȻûɹ
Сĵ[]


55
İоеĻٺҲҪõϢƽ
˵ָоڲԭܾܺã׽һֻΪڼ´ڽʳ
ϣ˫ۻס
ø˿Ψһǣҵֻ
˿¶ĺ󾱡̵Ĳѧʱҧȥ
УһۣǸ˿ҧԼ˱㲻
Ūˣʵδͷ
˿ſҧһСƤһ¡
Ķĸս΢΢˿ķ˿м䡣
˶ӣﻹߵζ
˿˵Ҳ֡
̧ס󾱣ࡣ
˿ҲҪ˵Ҳǡûз//ڡ
˿ͷкһԡ
иĺ壬ʲô
࣬Ͳ𡣡˿ְִַϡ
̵һ㣬קק½ǣϵ·룬һʥ࣬һа񡱡
˿ִڻԵȣأ˿Ժ
Ϧʧ
ľܾø˿ԭ˲ʧ䡣
ңѧ˿֫岻ѧ
ҪѧЩѵܶˣԭϵʳ⶯ǽ֣ǵϰص㱣٣ֱ֪ʸ˿
ûС˿ס°ͣϲƿƣ޷ӱܣֻ//ûô
еˡ
ϰλˣǲǣòִڸ˿ļϣڲݵϣ˿Ҳ˳ӣ˳¡
΢бʹʲôֶΡ
ĪϾһ
һֿʼ׵ɬϸעӸ˿ģ
Ǻ
һ߸涼Ļǽǰǽ
ĵطǰھȥԴҪ顣
ûģ˿˼롣
ſָסϵĲݣץһѡ
ԼͦòȻģ˿˵ӣӺ죬ȴ˾䣬𡣡
·ӳĿð˶ϵ·÷·ȥڲԭƳȡ
˿סÿһ
Ķó
ථĺܶɡ
һȣͬĺڲԭϣΪԼ뷨ЦЦ
롱ܲƱҪ˵Ļ
ޣޡ޺öſڵϣ°ŲݵأŤͷӦ
ˡ
ȼգĲ
տյ뿪һֱû
Ǳ£ȥ࣬Լˡ
ˣ룬qһ
޵Ķ䶯˶̧죬ǰ
Ȼֱ۾
İʾûᣬ
Īο޵ıӰ֪һͻ档
û赲
ˣûаĪξã޺֮Ҳܡ
ʨȺʣĹʣ¹ͷӣ渽һ⣬Ϊ̵޴ֻ
๷˵ʨȺĹͷҲʳ๷޴ųԱζˣ˿ҧѾˣӡ
ͿʨȺصʨȺ˺ʨȺصĻԱûи๷
๷̫ѲqԸ˷ʱϡ๷޳͵ʣµʳûƹʨȺ
ʨȺ߼๷׽ʳ
޼ǳͳԱŵϱʨȺԵĸɸɾĹͷȼŵĻѣ͸ߴϻ±ճĸʨӰ
һСڲݴȥ̰ɡ
ˣ๷ܣ˼ͣ¡
ȼŵĻ
࣬ﲢҪȼ
ӡһѵĿ˵౻ʨȺ˿˹ˣô
˻𣬲ûпࡣ
һСֻĸʨվںϻ£û๷ǡʨȺʮֻĸʨԶԲϡ
ĸʨڡ
๷޴ųԱ߽ϻΧ˼ֻʨӣɱǵ̣ȽʳɾĹͷ˼
๷ȺΧסͷޱ㷢ǡ
վ๷ķϣ๷ͷ뿪
ʨȺĸʨڣ๷ҹǣĸʨ뿪ʨȺķȺ๷ŹܴݲʨȺĻᡣ
ϧ޵û
๷ϻˡ
ֻǳĸʨ˵뿪ȥס๷
Īεſ٣ޣᱻ๷ҧġ
޿ĪΣҲᱻ๷ҧȥ
ܡ
ܵԽԶԽãqǵġ
޵ͺһǷ׷Ӵܡ
ƽɺæȥֹ̣ܵϹֵǳʨһҪΧʨȺ๷
๷ǴβʹӸƽƽʱǷʨӣƵ£ð־
๷ǵĴŲӿ죬Ӻ﷢еĽ
ĪЩ๷˵Ұһǡ
צƽɺˣҲǡ
ƽɺߴĪΣĪһۣС׷ƽɺͱ֪ԣעÿһֻ̣ȷСʨӶϡ
޵ῴޣ﷢ƵĽĪñӶ˶ǣʾǿܣŬȣǰ̡
๷ĿȷʵҲ̣ɱûκηʨ̣Ⱥĸʨ˼Ķࡣ
޲๷˺̣סֻҪԽȥ׷̵๷๷ӳצӣ๷ˣһƬ
๷ǿʼµĸʨڲݵϣϱ任ȥ๷
ܵᣬᵽζ๷ΧȦ˵ңһŹ㡣
һӦ๷Ĺһ߶Թ˵ĻоЦɲ๷˵Ļ
๷ַϸˣſ죬Ŵʼղκһֻ๷׷̡
޹˹ޣѹްצ£๷ڵϴ׺ݶ޷ΧȦ˸ӣ޴ӿߣ๷ں׷
ϻĸʨ͵ķΧƻҵĲݼճѪ
Щǰȥѻ˺ܶĺϸƤûݵأˮӳϵѾˡ
ȫƾоڶȵ˿̳һ˳ÿ̵ܱϢ
ɫڲԭϣ˿ɫϵĺӡצʾµġ񡱡
ֲ£ûв
ģʨӵĺ
ϥڲݵϣ˦ֱʨķͶûȣжϴԺϻǱߡ
ֻ޺ֻһĸʨڣѲɳˣ
ʨӽģģִƽ
Ǹ˿ںҹе嶯˶˿ճڼͷ
˿𣿡
һֱ뿪ʡ
֪˿ķ//Ҫ죬ûлش˵ҪغϻǱߣѻ
ûл⣬̫ġ
ҹ˿ҪĻҲܿ
˿ס֣Ҹһ𡣡
/ǸöѸ˿ڻˡ
źڰǡ
Ը˿һ
Ц
ҰɣȥŵʨȺʨӡ
޴Ӧ͸˿£óȻѸ˿ʨȺֻ̺СʨӿẦޣҲø˿ʨӷ֡
ƽɺһq
ֻǡ˿ѧϥصӣ˫ֱסһҡ
ĿĪ
֣˿յĺܹܽ󣬸˿Ը/ġ󡱸
ԼǶͨԡ
ټ֣ڸңǿ
˿ͬˡ
ļʨ𣬸˿Ҳĸ˿ҪȥԭֹΪһ𣬻ܵ˺
ԭǱΣպܶ࣬ţҲԱĺϻȥ޴ɡ״ԽԽ˻ȼŵĻѣø˿ͣ£Լǰ
аף˿̧̧ͷڿţûҪͣ£Ǽ
ͷɻʱ˿˵ʨӶڡ
ϻ¿տҲ֤˸˿Ļ
εĸ˿֫ûķȫ룬ӰӲݵغͿᵽ๷ζʨȺĸʨڣһȺС๷ˡ
˿Ͼźϻⲽûпʨ̵ʬ塣
ֻ뿪һ磬޺СʨӶˣݴŽţ˿صߣĴȣ๷ɵġ
ᵽ๷ֻ뵽๷ޣ߷ִŽ˵ôﶼܱҵ
ΪԼʨȺ֣֮һӡ
˿תһȦκһ顣ϳֵķŭͻںԼǸ⣬˿µʲô
޳๷Լ๷
ˣ˿ͻȻ
ʲôһߵֵ֦һȼϻ
ںӱҡ
̹˵ûڡ
㣬ǡ
ֻԼ̫ˡ
๷޵غͿʨȺغϣǷ˿οΪ㡣
ҪȥǡŻѣӳճᶨ
϶ʨӻţܾȻһֻҲԡ
ִǸɫԸ˿˵һټ
ʲôһһ֪
߽ţʨȺʧ鷢̫ͻȻ͸˿ǿԼӴ/гʱԺ˿΢΢/ͣ֡
ƿߣûյϵĺۼжµѪ˳Ѫķȥҡ
˿վԭؿȥıӰ
˳źۼȥң룬鷳˿˿ͿʨȺͣûǿȸ˿һȿʨȺĸʨ
ܿˣѵĹһƬѹڵϵӲݣһ̲Ѫۡ
ŨصѪ̫õĻ䣬̧߻ѣƬطâݺܶ࣬һԽһԣĸʨӰ
ź˾޵֣Ӧֻв^˻ƽϿտĲԭסӶһ¡
ǿâݺĹ˷ܵĸʨޱ๷ҧˣܻܲŻʨȺ˵û͸¶ټȻ˳źۼԼˡ
ŵĻƮڲԭϣ׷ĸʨ޵๷ȺȫͣŻ⣬๷âݺ֪ܳٶۣᷢǡ
๷Ⱥĸʨ޾򶷵ĳؿ˺ܾã͹޼ͬһâݵĸ߽๷ѹŮֱӴȥɡ
Ĺ̫࣬ϴνұʱ䣬๷Ⱥ˿֣ޱҧˣһֻ๷
ǹ޵գҧĸʨޣջϢڣֻмʮԶ
صĽЦ๷һӦڼžԭ}ˡ
һ˲תܡ
޴๷׷γɰΧȦΧסּˣࡣ
๷ЦɭȻİ׳¶⿴򶨵ӡ
ңڿʨȺĺ𡣡޳߽
һΧȫ๷޿ɱܣûѻţһĻ⣬๷ޣ뱻
ȸղŲԭʱҪ󵨳ˣƣҲвˡ
αҪȥ
û΢Сķһֻܴ࣬๷
ҹʱ仹ܳʨȺĸʨڣΨһһֻصĳĸʨѾ๷ܣкܳʱԺࡰɡ
ûܶ¡ҡҡʹβͣӹĺܾʡ
ֻ๷ûġ
Цһȷʵܾʡ
Ҳ˵£úǱ˿ҧ˵ζܰɣ죬㲱һ󶴡ȥˣ๷ӡǸ˿ҧĺܡ
Ҳ³ȴ˿ϵĹ̿϶Ǽġ
˹޵ʹֻղŻװģ๷¶׺ݵı飬ֻʨӵ࣬Ҳ˵ҡ
Ʒˡ
Ը
ȻֻĸʨڣϮǵ̡
ҿɿϷ
˻һֹ๷ޣΧߵ๷׷׷ĳ
һֻĸ๷˵ǲûϮ̣
õҪѶϢмҲš
ϻһֻʨӶûС
ȫˡһֻĸ๷̲ס˵
ܣĸʨһ·Ѫ˳Ѫʧҧղ˵ĸ๷
ûҧĸ๷ϣ˵滰ĴûΣྐྵȻţˡ
ȫ죡޺ǵĻ
ʱ๷Ŀ¶׹⡣
޶˵ԹԸߣȻһ๷ҧһڣζ
ģҧ㡣ֻ
ֱģɫ波ѪˣϴλΣҶԹԸȥ
ٴסмȡ๷Ⱥʤ㲻Ŭһ¡
ڲԭĵڶҹ๷ƻˣҲӰΣƳӰĺûᡣ
ûм֪ﶫ;ʾһֻ๷ϣ๷˼ͲסʩӵѹӳϮȥ
ͬʱӲ߷չһƴߵӰƿնצأ๷ϮĹޣ˲䷢ת䡣


56
˿
๷Ľʱ˸˿һֹۣû뵽˿๷Ҳû뵽˿׼ȷ˵ڵأŹڵϹ˼Ȧ
๷ͱȴ๷СһЩԱȾԵúܴ๷̧ǰצȫס
Ȳ๷ֱ£ýŵ๷ĸл˺๷ȵŵأʹϱģһ磬Ľһ磬ֳڵϡ
๷زᣬ˻ᣬС๷ָͷץסһѲݻ๷ȥҳմ๷۾ϣյǰϸһӣһ˳ȥ
๷˼ͷȥǰ֫۾ϵĲʸв
޵Σ๷໽ţͼȥȱ˿צӽץס๷ޣڹ޵ĺϣ๷Ƥëڵסݹ޺ݡ
๷ȺﵱܶˣᵽϣĴŮ˿ҧˣСŮδꡣŬѹ๷ȺλĴ๷ȴСŮ³Ϊһ๷Ⱥ죬û뵽Լϵô죬ݵĻҧĺ
ڸ˿Ĺ£ϴѵ˵ĳɷ֣ι޵ܱҧסſ죬ϸĽ
кܶ벻ף˿ΪʲôҲڿʨȺأˡ
࣬ʨӡ
޷ֲͬϵһ
⿴ҳĸ߽๷Ҫ˺ҧϵƤ⣬ѹ޵ܣצӹס޵壬๷ĸ򹥻Ͱѹ˦ǰ档
ݶڹ޲ϡ
˿δȫʧúһ켸ҹΪ๷ǵԵʣȫƻˣҪȥʧʨʱ˿վԭأţ˿ȴԼˡ
ԣʨȺͬҪˡ
˿ҪǶһ޶ԡ
ʹõֹ֡󣬸˿ӿյģֿյԴ·ȫ壬˿嶼/ţ̹ǰԼ侲ٿŸ˿ĸйʱûһԽȥ
˿ԭؿԶβͶ˶צӴӱķȥ๷Ⱥλá
Σգ๷Ⱥ֣°ɣȻͷһ๷Ⱥ
˿صμʱ๷ЮŻǵĳѨڵϣͰͶԹ˵߲ˣ˿ڰ๷۾ɵԲԲӡ
಻Ը๷ȥˣСıû뵽๷ӦԵİ취ԾΣܷḻϱš
ƺܾ๷ҷ
˿̾סĶѨţѹֻ߬һɫĹӡ
ҲǸ˿һμࡣ
ܹ֣㲻ϡ
ѨڻĻζ𽥱İζռ죬˿Լسֵκв߶кܴĹԣ˻ĶѨԼ˯üĵ࣬ת뿪ˡ
ڶ౻ĸʨס߶µģܵС˿ĸʨǴһᣬûܵĺԶ˿Ӱ룬ҪȥʲôСûڲԭ϶ȥ
๷ɱ˸˿һֻ̣Ҵأ๷޵Ŀϡ
˿úɣѾμΧţ˿΢΢̧£๷ż뿴ܷȻЧ΢
˿˳ȥ๷Ⱥңû࿴ʱľϲ
ͦ˼ġ
ôΣȻ๷˺
˿߰ȫй๷޵ϣ˦˼ͷǶȫ๷ϵζ޲ӵĶ
๷Ѫĭð͸˿֮ĳ޺ֻҪͬʱڲԭϣһ
˿ѹ˦˳ȥ๷ڲݵϻһ£ԹĽǶŤţ۾գ˼£ȴվ
๷Ƿ׷Χߣ˿ǹ޵Ѫſ죬Ȯ¶һֻ๷ߺ޿ʱ˿첿ļ¶Ȯ׺ݾĹ
һ๷ͬΧڹߣ˿ߵѪûٵ
մŵӵƽ
๷ˣˣͬ飬ͬ鿴ڵһϢĹޣûĴ죬๷ңǻ࿴һۣɢķߡ
ͬ鶼ˣ๷ȻҲɵ£ȥԿࡣ
๷뿪ˣϵĹ޺΢
һۣջص
΢ķһԼŵسˡ
˿ߣߵѪ𣿡
ͷ룬ҡͷʵ˵ˣҾͲˡ
ûʸ˿ΪʲôҪ˿Ըأ׷ʨȺأ˺ü죬ȰҲûȰߡ
һ仰ƽ˸˿˵һᱣ㣬˵㻰
ʲôտĲԭһ࣬˿๷˵Ļ
ʨǶˣȥֻдŷǻѡ
˵ʨȺֻ̺СĸʨŶˣҲģͦޡ
๷ҧˣ᲻⸽
˿񶨣ᣬֻƴܵԶԶģŲᱻ๷׷ϡ
·Ͽͷһء
ĸʨȺӶ˵ûָͬĻ룬˿أʨȺֻܵˡ
Ǳʨҧ˵ʱࡣ
ĽǼٵģһԵĻѻȼգΧĿݲոɾ
ѣߴ˿ں
̧ͷ˿ڲݵϣβҰڶԵúܷꡣǰôû֣˿βʹ
һȵ㣬ǣں
˿͵վⲽצӲڲݵϺ
ΪԸⱣܡ
˿ұӦչʨ̣ʳˣȻ๷ʵϢȥ
ˣ϶̫ܲԶҲͻһֻ䵥˵ĸʨߵﶼ﹥Ŀꡣ
ʨȺĸʨÿֻԸ񶼲һԸĻ̣֪ͼ
ǰӱߵĸʨ˿ǵ޳ŵĻͷĸʨսթqһ
ȥκθ飬ֻΣ˿Ҳͬ
ҵ˿˵˻ûá
ͦס
㡣
͸˿ͬʱڣԼˡ
˿ظȥ
Ļ˿صܾȥʡ
ٶҶУ˳ĻҲܼ
Ҳ뿴Ϊ۵˿β͹סö֣˿˵һ
ټ
һŬǿʨȺĸʨϣҪҲУˣҲܰ˿ΪȥԿʨȺĸʨҪѻᷢǰ֪
촽˶˵Ļ˵˿Ҫȥޡ
̫ˣܲס˼ϸ˿ĺ
ÿ¶ã飬˿ܾһʧǰ
˿ҧָʵĴڣʵֶûˡ
۵
Ȼ׵˼̫̰ˡ
˿󷽳ϣΪ㡣Ҳ̰ԡ
ʵڲǸĺõطʱ䣬˿˵ˣȥصϻ£ȺСʨӻ
Ҫܡ˿һ䣬ڳҹɫСûϢĹʱͷһ๷ûйޣҲޡ
๷ٺ¡
ո˿˵ȥϻ£
ʨȺĽq޷֪ҹֻĸʨʨȺѰſɯȵӰ
ˣڵϣҶˡ
qͣ£ȋq˦βͣҪȥѵqǰ߼סȋq˵
ҵſǣһһֻ硣
ڵϷУھҪԡ
ǳԱģѾһһҹûнʳˣôԶ·
޳ܡޱֹһ
ĸʨĵ̣ҰſɯҪСֻĸʨûҵôȥĸʨǲ׽
qʱ䣬ǲƭǵģֱҧɣȋq˵ܻ
ſڵϣʱܵƣĸʨ΢΢ſ죬
޳ܵqһͷãȥԡ
ô״Ӧˣ
Ȼˣôqͷ뿪
ô𣬿ߣȋqͷߴ١
ߡ
ǺqУq㲻Ҫ׽ɡ
qܿش𣬡ǡ
뿪ʨȺһһҹˣſɯķǡžһȥԡֻʨҲһ
ʨȺ̫ҪٷΧȰۼĵطҡ
̶ˣqľʱܷӺܴôĿֻ꣬ʨĲӼʵ
ȥĶʬ๷ҰȮʳԺǷ򸾼һٴͣһֻʣĸʱû죬ͷкܶ⡣
ǷȲ˺ҧţͺʨ๷Ȳϲʣµ⣬ֻܾ˺ҧԼĶӣĸĸǻ࣬ѪζͼаΧǷ򸾳Եʱֻ˵ĸʨǰǺǱһȳһš
ҧסĶ󳶣˺ҧ¶ųԣֻĸʨæڳĸǣĸȫѪ
Ƿ򸾲ֻ˵ĸʨĶ֣æ뿪ܱ߻ͷĸʨǡ
̧ǰצצӻµѪצӱʨҧˣ޷ʹֻ·мצۣԺǷ򸾵ĿӣҲͺʾ
ɯҲòȥȱʨ˹ʱײʯͷϣλÿһĵۡ
ſɵأһӣѪ
ƴʨֻʨҲˣûأʨӲĸʨǣʱܣĸʨǶԵȣʨڡ
˹ԽԽԶǶ㿪ʨΪ˰ȫǣ̸ϻȥʨܻصӱš
εյڣĸʨ֪ʳ
˵ôأſĸʨ׽˼ֻ
ĸʨûҪιԱ󣬿֧źü첻ýʳһû꣬ſɰռλôɯ©ϣ⻹ʣһ롣
һԺǣûбĶ֣ҲûʨȺĸʨţſɷˣȫֻĸʨԺףûҪûǰ
ſ½ʳ΢ϵ˿ʹӾ磬վ˺⡣
Ƿ򸾼ĸʨֻΪ˳⣬ûǣһۣ⸽ǻĸʨʳ뿪ȥԡ
Ƿһ黥ȡů⣬˿ŲѹӿǷ򸾣˯ʱ̫ҹģ˹һѲء
ȵϱ˵ᵽ˱ʨӵζϸѲӣһȦʨûֻкǡ
˹ںţûȥ˿Ķ磬һԺҧҧûʲôӰ졣
˺ʵλã˿͵ȥצӷֱסһԺǡ
Ƿ໽У־忴ŸϷĸʨ
˿аȳһء
ǲ壬ǣǲóԡ
⡣
ϻҵȻ֪׽ġ˿¶ݡ
Сʨӡڳԡĸתת˵
˵˿ߴ١
ֻʣһͷſɴɯȸϿ뿪Ķ뿪Ųᱻ֡
ʨȺĸʨÿҲѲأֻвŲλãµζŨǿܻҪʨȺشϼ죬ſ֪ʱ䲻ʨȺqһǡ
ɯȳŵqĸʨ
ɯȳȸڰſûֻ߳ĸʨǰΧס
ţ˿ϳֻĸʨǿʨȺʨӣֻ
׷ʲôһ⸱ģ
˿ɲͬ飬ǿ֣µȫֻĸʨˣʨȺ͵ԣ󡣡
źǵԣǿΪ˱ȫ˿
˹ܻȥĸʨصֻĸʨأһֻȫĸʨѡ
˿ЦȥС
ѵ⣬ôѲӵأĸʨ붼֪
˿
˹۲ϸ£ֻĸʨϵʨȺŪģ
ôأò֮ǰֵʨû뿪ذɡ
ſɰ̾ԼСģźɯȿһ
ǣأʲôĿġ
ĸʨĿ⣬ſ˵ûĿġ
شֻʨ
ſѻʨ棬׿qİɣҪռʨȺء
ϴ˵˿˹ҪȺֻĸʨ֣ȥ
ʨȺأͬ飬˿Ҳ볢Զٵζſǰֻĸʨʵʵ
ιڿʨȺĻûС˿ӵͣҡ
ûң


57
ո˿Ļԭ·أеµĻѻȼգϻ²ûʨӻ
˿Ҫܡ
ûܲģʱܷ죬๷ͻȻϮʨȺֻСĸʨֻܵȥ
ʵѾƣˣ࣬ϲڰҹϢ
ԭЩ죬õ߲ݵ賿廹ûӦ
ְ˰̫ѨᾫҲϣԼӵвԭһ;
˿ȥޣҲ԰ãµȱǰ̴׸˿ΪãҲԼĿ
ȥСʨӣСʨӻΪΣջûԸ
ƽɺĪԼǰӣչûо飬һ죬һΣա
ʨȺİȣ첻ڣǰſɯʨȺز
qĸʨ뿪ȥǣս֪Ѩֱ๷Ⱥûʧ٣пܻˣֻֻ̼СĸʨҲ֪ӵȥˡ
һ֧顱ʨȺqһᱻ
»˻ѣ˼£๷ķһ·෴
ֻһҵĸʨ̶ֻڲԭĵݴïܵĲڵǵ壬ڲסֻһĸʨ塣
ĵתתԭĻš
СƽɺĪ˵ҪҪȥ
һˣҲǻᵣġ
ƽɺǰ֫¶죬Ҳܿ죬һξûһֻĸʨǣúȥδӣֻСĸʨ͸¶ã
Ī˵Сʱʨ֣ܶˣһȥ
Ȱɡ
øͣǵġ
̸ֻȾķΧ¶֪ٵΣձ£ܳǽ㣬ǣ̰ſڵϣһ
ԭҹ¶ȽͣƽɺϸЩһǰ¡
ĸʨͲôʵůͰܵżȡůƽɺë׵ĸİĻţҲƽɺ
ƽɺϳСʨӵһĻ˵ǰûġ
ƽɺⲻһ
ͻȻͷڲݴ۾ǰĪ̧ϰࡣ
ɻͷƮһâһһС
ĪԴ뵽ʲôӵݴȥĪΣ
Īûлͷâȥ
ִŻѴԶɢ˲ԭƯıüëͷմ˵ˮ飬Īοʱ˵ĸܣǾúܺúܺá
̽ӣԿȫòƽɺѹţʣңĪأȥˣ
˵ˡ
ƽɺһԴˮ˲ϵСʨӣСѧֻ۾ȥҲסʱ
ĪγӿŲȥӭ
Ī˵һΡ
ֻҵǵĻϲĪܹʱûж㿪ҫķΧ٣ֻĪγûСʨӣСʨأ
Īμβ̵ĺܸߣǲˡ
ҴȥĪҧס½ǣӴ·ϵζǻϱˣĪǿżĻ
֪ʧͻһ
ʲôϵζÿμζء
ǾʱĪףϢ½ʪһ㣬ûмޣ
ûСûĪΣһȥʱ޺Ƕڡ
๷˵˺ˡ
Īÿ첻˵ڿʨȺÿһ죬ӺģᵽԭĵǳĸʨŬΪǴġ
Ҹ°޵ġĪ˵һ䡣
Īɿ½ǣͷβ
Ҳ£һϣ°
СʨʵʨȺϣ
ĸʨҪǳ󣬵Ǳϵ죬ͿԱˡ
Ī̧ͷ֪ǵ뷨
ͶĳЩһġ
ĺ֣࣬Աʨӵϸϸĸ첲ȣôӣ棬Ϊǰ̻̲סĿϣСʨӻȥǰ棬ĸʨһΪ̵ֵһѡ
˿ûġ
ſɱֻĸʨסѵİ취ҲĴ㣬ʨȺֻĸʨ²ǻ뿪أȻ˿ʵ⣬˿ЦſɱֳĬ
˿ʵ˭ûõء
͵͵Ƥӵʹ˿ô̼̼
ſͱյĽģҲش
˿˵ѵڿʨȺĲã
ȺʨӣʨȺֲúöԴ͹ˮƤëŰ߰Ѫۣս֤¶Ȯݱƽſɵĺܡ
ſɲʾŸۻغ˿
ʣµֻĸʨȫΧ
˿ҧ˵
ɯ̫˿򵽵˵ʲô£ɯ֪Ϊʱ䣬ɯæ˵ڿʨȺĺܺá
˿ĺֹͣƳȺľ벻Ӧòֻĸʨ˵Ļ
ſɲɯ֣˵飬ͷĸʨûйϵ
ɯ̲ס˵ѵҪҿҧ㣿
˿򲻽⣬Ļˡ
Ŀת˵ɯ´ɯΪʨȺʨӣԭҲʨӣûƤëҲûͽ׳ϵ𣿡
ɯҡҡͷ
˿ˣֲˣϲʨӵϲ
ɯٳٶۣҲ˿вֻĸʨſɶ˵Ļ㡭˿򣿡
˿ûҲûзϡ
ֻϲĸʨɯ³۶ϡ
ô׶ˡ
ǻȥҿɯ˵
û˿ͻûںʨĴУɯĸʨ£ֻһŵ˿ţǷߣɯ֤Լʵֳŵ
ֻҪԼĻԶǻԡ
ζƳɯһۣվû˵ǰſɣѻƭƭ˿򣬶԰ſ˵ܼ򵥰ɡ
Ϊʲô
ƻʨͦͶõģԼɵˣ˿ᣬ˵Ļ̫治ףqԶء
q͵ҿǷŹǡ
ܡſɴ˿򣬡ҲԸ㣬ڿʨȺܿģûһ㣬㡣
ȹһԭˣſǰͦװġ
˿򳹵ױˣſһֻĸʨûٷϻֱ̧צӻȥҪĸʨ룬˿ѾֻĸʨĽڽڰˡ
ɯж㣬ſǵ˿ĺܶ๥˦ͷ˦Ѫˮڲݵϡ
ſɿŲסˣȵڲݵϣ٣˿˺ˣѪһƬ
ɯȲǼٵģסۣ˵צӲڵϣ赲˿򳯰ſɻӳһ
ɯײ˿˿ûײ
˹ųصĲԾצӴɯϹȥ¶˿һȮݹɯ
ֿʼƽ
ɯĸʨϵqŮ˹ҧסӣŭɿȥķȺܴ󣬿쵽ȰûӦ
˹оΣϢɿҧ⣬ձܿqȫĺȻǱqצӻˣѪ
ɯſڵϴš
ǿĵսľqֻĸʨսУһʮһֻʨӣĲɿƤܶ飬¶ɫĵ档
ſͦqǣղĸʨԶ٣ھַתˣqһֻĸʨ壬ʨȺĸʨʵУӦԵĺܷ
ǺʨȺĸʨȫǻǷһҪҲ
qŭ죬ĸʨ¶צӺԼĺôضڲ
վԭؼת˸Ȧ롰սԶеĸʨûע⵽飬ˡڲݴԺֻ̽ǳʨĸʨĺΪܳװѿʨȺֻĸʨҧû߽ʮֻĸʨڴ򶷣˹ʨȺսһѣֻʨǰǵѡ뿪
һжֻʨǳǻûߣæܵĸʨѪζŨڿоþòɢˣ˻
ĸʨû
Ǽֻʨصֻʨǰ棡Ȱֻɵ
ûĸʨ
ǼĲ羺˹ĴУһ˹ǿ׳ǰ֫˹˦ϣֻʨˣҵǺѡ
û취ǰڵϣһ˿ˣ
仰Ч֪ĸʨȫͣ뿴򺰳仰ǡ
£˵𡣡
ֹֻصʨǰݴ￴ǡ
ΪʲôҪһֻʨ֡
Ӧһҧǡ
羰죬ǻʰſɣϴεֻʨϮǣſɯϵ̫أƾյֻĸʨ
ſ˵ǣ˹ǡ
˲̬˹ι͵ʨӡ
ҾǵĻе
ֻʨǺǵĳޣȷһߡ
羱棬˹£תͷȡ
ȷʵֻʨϾɱε˹ӱߣвʨȺϡ
ʨȺĸʨӰǰɨǵϣʹҲĿ
羴ʨȺֻʨûƣռƵ羶ԸͣսȶԿԼ˹ͷ
˹뷨һ˵ԡ
ɿ̲ס⣬ǲԭʨӣٳ˿ʨȺʨȺĵһκ
ĸʨ˼죬ڼȻˣĿ깲ֻͬܵʨ
ſɯ˵̫أԭϢǣʣཡȫĸʨɢܿΧʨе·ߡ
ʮһֻĸʨڲԭϱܵӰ׳ۣǿ˻ᣬջߣ˵ֻĸʨԶԶġ
ſϢӣ¸˿ڡ
ǡͣ£˵͸˿ˣ𣿡
һ˵Ļſɵˡ
ĸʨֻû޵Ը̣޿϶ס
Ĵ;˹Ӹǣðſɺ֪Ÿ˿ҲʨȺأͲںӱߵɡ
ʶ˵Ļһ㡣
赲˿ĸʨǶڣܵˣظ˿
ǷܣȻġ
Һ͸˿ܾûˣղţΪǶ侲˵ġ
ſûм׷ʣѾ˴𰸣صʨȺ˰ɡ
Ļ͸˿뿪
ſɼͷ¸Ѫ˿ڵʹȫ
峿̫߲ԭıԭϵ
ڸɺԵĺӵſ촭Ŵ΢ͷڵϣճһңһ˫Ⱥβͱ๷ҧãѪģӲܵѾûκˣ޷׽޷߶עҪˣ๷ﱻǷʳҪõĶࡣ
ϣů֪Լȥû뵽ô졣
ںӵһͺպܿ췢
ͺǲԭһֻʨӣȴԱߣͿһٴ͡
߾ۼֻͺգȴȥӺ﷢͵͵ĺͼ߶ĵͺա
ͺĸʨûվǰĴš
ͻȻ̧ͷŭͺһչ¡
һֻͺ˵£ֻʨӸվ
ε໹ûáЦſҪʳ֪ԼҲΪ
ͺڵĵطпĶѾ˵Ķ˿̧ͷͺڸɺԺӵϣ˹ںӵϵĸʨʳ߿Ŀ˿һֻͺ࣬ʳԵ
ǲǣˡ
Ծǿ˵ͺգҧסͺճĲӣͺܵȶҪ죬ҧһֻͺգȵǰ֫ſķצӹסͺյֺֻͺձ˿ҧֻͺյĲӣǵͷڵϡ
ֻͺյʬ屻ǰ˿˵ԡ
˿ԸķΪ޲׽ͺղʨӵʳϣ˿ɲܡ
Ӧ޻ȥʨӣںʨӣˡ
Ϊ˿û˺񣬻Ͷι
޴˼۾գţһĻߣЩʣҵģ֪๷ϮʨȺ𡣡
̣û°ɡ
˿ûĻشĸʨ⣬Ҫˣ˵ڳϡ
ٺķʱĸʨϣӦбϵֻСʱˣϵʳᱻС꣬һ㣬˿ĺæ
ķϻܶࡣ˿ٴߵͺյʬǰһֻ޵ߣͺղӴѪ޵ıӺϣȥ
ҪҪø˿ȥ
ͺյܲóԣ˵ҵȱ๷ҧˣʱ߲ôԶ·ȥ
˿ɫ˿˵ҪҺٽ/ʱ䡣
淳


58
ûͻ˿̫ӴϺ͸˿ݹһᣬͷռһƬصĻԴĮײУΨǰչġ
ͦм˿˿ֱӵĻҧŵͺյ⣬ҲǣҲǡ
ںӱ߷ڵĻʲô֪˿ԣҧͺɬ⣬Ŭһڣ㡭ģᵢ󡭡㡭޴ûаһ仰˵ôѡ
˿ĮվڸɺԵĺӵϣݴӵİɫСҡҷ
޲˵ǰ֫ڵϷ˺ܶͷ̧ʳǰ⣬ͺյëڸɺԵĺӵУһֻͺգ͵Ѫź͸˿ٵһ𡣡
ҵȻò
ĸʨȵˣ˿ˣ๷ϲĺĸʨĻԣֻȱץҧˡ
վԭΪĺ͹צʳʳתҪһʱ䣬˿û˵ſ£ǰ֫һͶķ
˿Ĭˣɿ
ԸȣĲ֪ôˡ
¸˿ģޱ׾Ҹ⣬˿ôʶģ
ɳĬ
޲˵ǵĹϵܺãѡʨȺԭ𡣡
˿βͼģбޣԭq޳ܡ
ƭʨȺ
޶£ͣûƭq˵ĸԸʨȺ
˿ͻȻʣңÿ춼ʨȺʲô
ʨȺʱ䲻Ǻܾã˺߲ݺ޲Ŷעһʱ䣬ûÿʲôϻĲ»һ飬ȥѰܳԵʳ֦ȻŷȻÿĻ켣һ˵ļظ顣
˿˵ġ
qȋqĸʨ˵û˿˼ĵġң㲻Ҳ
˿ںӱ߷飬޴Ӧq˿뿵ʨȺʼǾϵܳʱʨȺأ⣬޺͸˿˽޶Դ˿еִ
ֲòϣ˿
ĸ߸˿ʨȺĴģڡڽ󣬸˿뿪ʨȺذɡ
ҵġ˿ֻĸʨб˼ֻĸʨ˵ĻʨȺ˼ĸʨͦġ
ȻȻ˵ֹˡ
˿ȮݺĸʨĲĥһĥûںӱ˵ЩӦĸʨȥĸʨɸɺԺӵﱻͺշʳʬ塣
˵ȥӦû⡣˿վƽҪҵ𡣡
β˦ķȺܴĸȣȶ˶צӳԲڵϡ
ͺȻѳԣӡ
ʱ޾Լȫûϣվ
ȴСŸ˿
˿ǰ棬һֻһֻʨ֮ľĺܴ󣬲ÿ̧ͷܿССıӰûȫ
˹ӵӻ΢ʱƯŵѪɫΣʨȺͿʨȺĽ紦ĸʨɢվںӱߣֻʨɱ
ǴȫʤʨѪ˹
ÿֻĸʨʨ涼ŷսļѪ
q°ϵİëŨѪվںӰͷˮ
ͰſɯȣĸʨǸ˵ĳ̶СӰ쿵ʨȺʨȺ򶷣q˹ӣ˴˵дһֽΪ͵
ɱʨĺǺ죬ͬʱ㷢qĿڵſɯϵʱq¡ʨȺ쵼ߣΪֻĸʨʧȥq
ڣһжü
ֻĸʨɱ˿˹ʨȺĸʨҲɱſɯȣʵĳԿҲе벻ջ
q˹ȥȵ˹ǰʲôֻϵĿĸʨ˵
˹ʨȺʵǿĸʨqΪԺʨȺ쵼ߣqû˹ĸվʨȺ쵼ߡ
ǿԺƽദƽദ˼ҪǽˣʨȺֻĸʨסأ˵ǺͣȻqΪʨȺȲǣǿߣʨȺڣq˵Ľ顣
ң˿ϲqܾ˿˿ûĻ֪ķԹˣq΢ߡ
ͦqֻԲصĸʨһѿʨȺ׳󣬺ﻷǨʱqĸʨǸǨ㣬̺ĸʨǨжʨȺ˵ѵá
ĸʨ˺˿˹ȳΪһ࣬ڸ˿ϡ
ռ˿ʧܣռʨȺأƽ˵Ц
ض뿵ʨȺ޹أqȴ˿˹չȲqƽĻֻĸʨ̽ʨȺûгɹռ˿أĿתһӵʨȺ
˵Ļqϣûлҽͣκĺ첻𡣡
ֻҵͬʨȺ̫ҵķʽҪʨȺռơ
ԼĿǣҲҪȷʨȺİȫܻܾˣãҪ㱣֤ʨȺԶ˺ʨȺĸʨǾͿԴĸʨȥȻҲǿ˹ӡ
qΪȻռʨȺҪͷĸʨĺܣһȫķҲĸʨ
˿ֹߣqװûһ£Ӧˡ
ȴֻĸʨ뿪ӱߣqĸʨȥѰ˵ֻͬ顣
ȋq̲סq˵ֻĸʨ̫ˣqΪʲôҪӦ治㡣
q˵Ӧʲôģ֪ȋqʲôҴӦ˺ʨȺĸʨ֤Ķﲻ˺ǡ
٣شĸʨȺֹֻǳʨ죬ά˿ԺֻʨҲԺʨ
ûпʨȺռĸʨضأ
س·Ҫߣqţûƭq˵Ƿһŵ
úɡ
ſɯ߲죬ΪǨǣʨȺٶȶǵѾ裬һܿʧqС
ޱ˵֡ʲô¶֪صġ
ſɴҪҪ³¸qߣһصʨȺأ
ˣqɡ
ֱ˹ӣſҲûѡ
ĸʨ֫ʪģ˶԰ʼϵĺˮ¸ߣϵˮ˦һ˦ܿͻɹɡ
ſߵļ́ͷ֣¸˿һϣֻͻȻɢУδ͡
ϲ©ԸԸ⣬ҲԸⰤֻǾۼУ˵ʳ
ǺƲ׽ĵ磬ȋqȤһԣĸʨǿǺβܵĸԶˣһɸζȋqᵽ
ʧȥ󱻿ʳĲӵĻʬ壬ȋqΪǻ˿
ʬתһȦһֻۻ
ʨȺȿŵϵĻǰצ˵Һɯſɾֵʱ򣬲ûзۻʬ塣
ɯ˵ˣûдߡ
һЩһֻŪġ
ﵥɱܡ
ſɱֳĬqȻqʣ㿴˴
ɯ˵ǵġ
ȋqţ·֣ᵽĸζȻܵˣв
ۻӦǱĸζΪ˲ңqֻ뵽˿
Ѿ꣬ʱ
һֱǰɣɱۻҪȥ˭/䡱ء
֮Ĵqٵǣqƭˡߵǣɺ϶˿ȫˡ
ҪϿȥˡqأĿ⺬Ǹ⿴˵ֻĸʨ
ǿۻʬҲһɱۻĶﲻ࣬Σص޺̡
˵qȋqޱ尬Ȼȥɣڰſɯߣ߻ȥ
صأȫԴӣòֻĸʨqԷġ
qȋqޱ尬Ȼȥȼ״⣬һֻۻʬ壬qôŸҲֻʨûǰɵģͷۻײǣֻʨҧ
ſɵ˵˿ȥˡ
ֻĸʨȫſֲ˵ˣа߲µĹ㡣
qȸ˿Ȼصߣڽϻ£ʳĪſߣͷ˵
ڣʨӶqȻȥš
ƽɺĸʨˣޱ壬˷ȥӭǣһһҹľƽɺŵڵõͷš
ĸʨǻˣСʨӶܸˣޱƽɺƤëԼƽɺĲ
ƽɺæ˵裬ǲڣɶ๷Ҫҧǣް๷ڻû
Ҳܵĸʨߣûȣеʧ
ŴʨȺѰſɯֳ£q괭ŴɳЩһ๷޸ɵġ
Ⱥ๷һɱǣqĺ߽qȫǷŭ
ȋqҲܷߺޣƽɺ๷ʲôʱģ뿪ˣ
ϡ๷׶ģҲ뿪ġ
ǺޱӣѾȥһˣ޹ơ
qҧг˵һȥɱ๷Ѿľһ뵽๷ǲڶ̶Ļ£qҪ޵Ĺͷ
Ѿˡæڣ๷ޱ˿ҧˡ
ƺ¸˿ŵǡ
˿ȋqֱ˵Ϣ̫ܣڳĸʨû
Ψһֻq̧ͷᣬڸ˿ζӿǻȿֺ󣬺ᵽζ֪Ƿʲô
q۾Ľġ
ˡ
Ŀȴͨǵܾ˿Ļܲ˺Ͷתͺ͸˿/ˡ
Ϊʲô͸˿ԣΪʲô
ϲ
ӶĴq΢΢ζһ£ڸ˿Ҫqƽޱ๷ɱˣ
qû׷ʸ˿ص£΢ģ֪һж˵û๷˵ˣ˿ȥޣӦңֻҪûԸһ޴ʨȺ
qһһ죬ҾȻҪ˿ҡ
ʱȥҪ˵˿ʨȺǲԵΪû˺κʨӣʨȺæq㲻Ҫ𡣡
ȋqӹܲΪ˿˵ȋq͸¶ˣqӦ㲻̤˿أͬ˿Ҳǵء
һҧȋq˵˾ݻ
ҲǿӲһᱣʧһ
ͬȥޣͣʨȺأΪңҪ֣͹Ұɡ
Ҷ˵Ҫɸ˿˵Ҫ
Ǻޱ濴߬Ӽᶨҫһצӱܻӵȴ˵Ҫ˿
ޱתqqҲ˲䣬˿ʨĽ
qۼɢʣԣڸ˿//ڣԸ/䡣
ĻһӰˮߵĻգ۽ޣĥβ˵ķ쵽⣬ɫڰֻ㵥潻/䡣
Ը˿¸ûܿԣñһᣬʲô֪ˡ
ȋqɥôҡʵڲţֻȥһһҹôôĻ£
Сⲻһ
һֺȥĲɵıƺ͵ƽߴһֻԶԶһֻʨӣ˵ޣһޣ
漣٣޻ŻصʨȺ
Ǻޱȋqͷ壬ǿ޺ȵˣޣ¸ҡ
ɵڵϣصʨȺɣͻȻʧȥģң۾Цŵġ
qԶ֣лл㣬ޡ
㱣ʨȺ
Ӧġ
͸˿ҲҡСq˺˿ҡ
qĻ͸˿˵˿Ӧţq߶ϣñա
qջߣһĻ˿
޻ڵӦq˵ϢɣſҲˡ
ڸ˿ٿһ¡
շЦ£˵ѵųͺҧˣȥ
ͺյѳԣ߻ʨȺ
ƫƫͺա
ͦС۵ģϱͺĵ˿˺ܶͷ˿ҧͺδһֻͦˬġ
𡣡˿ǵĻȣһֻͺ֣;ãٻš˵Ƶᣬˬȼӱܸ˿Ϊ˳
̫ˡһ
˿˵Ҳ
Ϊϵ˿˿ƴðԼ׸˿˵ķˡ
һ£ྭεΪ϶ҪģҧҧʣҪã


59
Լһɵ⡣
˿һη/飬ǰûй飬ڷڲ
ٿˡȷʱ䣬ҪȷֻСİȫƸ˿Ҳ̿ÿģûа̴ߡ
̲̫ܵãһʨȺأƽŷġ
ʱԴǡ
𡣡˿ӴqƳһۡ
һһʨȋqҪըˣʨȺͻأֵĻʨİ󲻳ƽɺ軨΢ͷ΢ţʱ¶Ȯݡ
ͷһؼ˿ӦĪѾ̹ȻŸ˿Ļ
ޱûʱĪں˵ҧŮĶ䣬ĪΣ㲻
Īδͷɥޱ
˿ޣqûȋqţֻǿ˿һ˵Ļȋq쳤һ湻ܵġ
qߵߣ͸˿γ΢ĶԽǣղ˵Ļһ£˿ʨȺԵصĴ󡣡
һȫ뿪ʨȺء
ƽӿԸ˿˵㾡뿪ʨȺأѡ˿ʨȺ㡣ʱqò
˿ƻɶĸ˿
һ뵽£q޷ȶ˵˿Ҫqǿϸ˿ģΪq˵ҲҪ
Լº͵ֿģѾ뿪ʨȺͷܼӾͷ
qߡ
ʱСʨߣϣһġqţڸ˿ֻʱҲ뷨
һ࣬ôܲȥᡣ
Ҳ뿪ء˿ƽ˵βͼ̧ӶţqγɵĶԽǡðм䣬ʨӺͻ֮䰵ӿԽн档
õĽ뿪
˿ǲҪֵ̫סqվߣûи˿ɢĹϢ
q׼ϲʾ¶εı飬ǡô
˿Ҳһʱ䣬ĸ̫ǿľʢֳֻͨʤ
̾˿Һqһ£ҡ
qߵԶʨȺĵطָĥһĥüģqһ͸˿˵뿪أڡ
˿ڷڣҴӦɹѰʱ䡣
ԡ˵ҲΪ飬ڽ뿪òá
q̵ؿڵڷڣһᣬ˵ڲ㣬ĸ飬㶼֪ҲԸ𣿡
ʵϣʨȺصĵڶ˿ˣҶq˵ΪqҪˣ˵ʵһʣû׼޺Īˮ
֪ڿϣ㿴֣ҽӲĸ飬ҶҪ
󲿷ֶԽ/¿ĺܿܿڶĻʵʱ䣬ʵĶٲº󣬼ѭ
˿ѡ䣬ԶУÿһʱ䷢ھͻٴ١
qһһ˸˿֮أ
Уڶݽһʱֻٴγ֡
ʲôʱ򡣡
ûôֻ࣬˿ɹǰѹء
˵˽ĻԶڲԭϣȥصϤĶʮһᣬڲԭͶһ
ʳ⶯ԽǱʶﲻǵࡣزȥҪڲԭֱȥʱῼҪҪ͸˿һ
ȥϣû˿һĴһ뿪ˣø˿
ԽԭҲΪһֻ׶Ͼصִ뷨
ûУűԽִĶһֱ࣬ڲԭ
q˵Ϊͨˡ
֮ǰ˵㲻ܽ˺Ͷ˿ȴΪ⡣
濴qҺ͸˿֮䡭˵Ҳûƭ㣬δԤϲֻںڡ
q޷ܸ˿Һһ߰ɡ
ҶʨȺҲû̫ôЦ£µС¶ллʱҡ
ˡ˵
ʨȺûһ
qæ𣿡
ͷʱqŻʨȺûֵ𣿡
룬͵Ǹˡ
߲ݡ֣ϲ͸˰ɡһ䣬ҪʨȺĺۼĨû
áqһ
ͷ뿪qȥ˿ߣø˿¡
԰Ҫߡ
תqվԭأˡ
ǡ
̶̵ľ룬qߵĺԣ߲ݵֺܺãҺϲ
Ĭٴοqʱü
qӦø˿ڿʨȺأȋqܲ⣬qҪ´򲻹Ƕæġ
q鸴ӵҪһ뿪ʨȺԸ𡣡
ڽ˿뿪ˣʱ䣬Ҫȥqȋq˵ᱩġ
ۻʬҲˡ
ֻĻȋqơ
͸˿һ뿪ϻ£ֻĸʨ
Ȼˣϵ˺أѵȣߡ
ͷ˲Ůצӣֲ˲˵Ļصޡ
Ѿ֪ʲôˣ壬˵ǣǶ
ɯֻ̼϶q裬㼱ææϻΪ˿𡣡
˿ıӰſɲԾԾqĽͣ˵˿ڿʨȺأֱεķڽ
ô£ȹʶĻñȥƽɺĪΣԶˣ˵̫ˣһֵֻĻҪڽҪȥ/䣬󡣡
ȷ̵һ£ܵʨȺ͸˿/ˣʮֻĸʨϲһֻҪصĳһ
qȵıԹ˵ȣҪ侲侲ٸ㡣
Ҳ侲ġϵۣʹӷŴ
ߵߣͼߡ
ȱܿŵĴqҲҪŵأĵţ˿õˡ˵꣬qκɣȳȥŮ
ſƣӦԲȥqȰҪΪ˵Ļܵͣ͵ʲô˵
źqһ˽ŵq˵ȥȽͰɡ
˼ֻ˵qһ¡
Ҹҧġ
ײ˰һ£˵ˡ
ʨȺĸʨɢţսţ䴦ͬһأ֮ǰڣѷ߲
ҡҡͷǶΪ԰ɡ
ʨȺӰ첻͸˿Żǰ·˿ֻС£Ҳڡ
ܼצӣβЩһμҲܸˣǲʱͷʨӵԴԱȣԵúС
ŵϸ˿µŨζ˼±Ϣ͵͵бһ۸˿
һˬ˰ɡ
µζ޲ȫԭĶﶼ֪Ǹ˿ġ
ӰǼ˵뿪ʨȺǰɡ
ϵС͡塱һżҪ塱Ӻӱ뿪󣬾ͻصߣټ˼סȡ
˿̧ǰ֫ססĺ󲱾ڵϡ
ܵббڱͷǣǵȸˣѽצǵצϣ۵ȡ
Сڣһһϴֳһ㡣
Ҹ£ֱ۷ǿŻᣬǲÿԺܶ⡣
׳ʵ꣬£ֱ۱˦˦˫ϻã治۵õĶѿͺٶĬĬվСǺˣ
ڵϣһһֻ̧̣ͷǣѺĹâʹ͵Уʱ뿪뿪ʨȺء
⻰ǾˣΪʲô
ҴӦq˿ڽһȥ
һƨڵϣΣſʨ˵qͬô׵ҪΪǻѸ˿ҧ
˿˵ڴұҧ
˿ſӣӲ˵ѵqỶӭ㣿
ûã˻Ǵߡֹţϵ߸ӱ䡣
׳ŵӻӸ˿ÿ棬Ұ㡣
øлңҶˣҪ⡣
˿߽ǵ΢΢Һø˿ֻǴϿ˵˾䣬һҹɫС
ߺǶ壬ظͦĸ߸ߵġ
鿴ȵ˿ڣѾˣĽǵ̫ǿˣұȲˡ
Щһֱ͸˿һ𡣡
ǲĻŲһʱ
УʱЦĺܰ
ЦˣǱδqȼһõҪľ˵棬ֻС֧ԣ˿Ҫ뿪ʱǲϣմֻ̼ûо˿̴ǵ۾¶
ǽ꣬Ҫ󣬼뿵ʨȺͲˡ
ǺߵqͬҼ롣
˵ʨȺң¶ҡġ
˵ڼ뿵ʨȺΪ
ʨȺĸʨһȺĸʨʨȺĿ𣿡֪ÿȥѰʳˮ߶ʨӣ汣ʵӴǰʶѡ
һ֡
ǿйq˽г룬ûôٶۣ͸˿ʨȺصĺӱ߹ľ˵Ļǵá
ʱ˿˵qãûͼ
ºûȥ⣬ȻѡqʨȺͽȥqԭ
ǿʨȺΨһչ¶ĸʨʮֻĸʨһֻʲߣȥǨŭʨȺȻqΪ˲뿪ʨȺòԳ˶ķΧǶΪס
˹Ȧ𰸺֮ȴͱǲ㱡ֽ
ܡ૵
ûʲô
ڶϣ㱵ǣݵqʶĲһҲ֪˭
ģЩʨȺĻҡһֱ
һǵ˵Ļִϥϣվͷģĸ
˼˵ҪңҾͻȥһʼڲԭһͬҲǹµһ˵Ҫ齨һȱǿʨȺʵһĿĵߣҪٹ¶ȥС
ףá
ƶǶͷҪȥҺ͸˿㡣
⡣
˿һͷ硣
ﻬݵأ죬ߵʨӻﾯǿ۾Ǹ˿˷ܰæңҧסĲӣص˿ǰС
Ϣ»ʮ׾룬˿ɿֻȥ˺ҧȥĵģ²ԡ
ۣСۺûг˿ԶЩ̴˯
κߣ
°ڲݵϣ˿𵽣ĬĬվ˦˦βȥԵ⡣
ֻи˿塱ʶȤûǣһ߿
ĺ˿Ķ΢˶üļա
˿̧βͣβͼŨ۽ޣ۽޶˶һ˲ûѡ
ĴϢʪȵУ˿Ŀ档
෢ܹϵ뿿ԷҲ⡣
պɹܺõҹͱͻȻ¼ֹڣ˿ǳãѹƵ/ٴҪʵһֹһðͷ
Ĳɿʳĺ㣬ֻСרĸͷԵظȫѪ
Ŭ߲µһһ䲶׽ǽ춯Ǹ˿ˡ
ôȲֻ̿ɻڣҲء
Ŀбӣûκĸʨס档
Ļѳ˻ȼǰٹڣʹ˿û˿ڵĵطһ±ȸߵĲҶסǿ˿
˿ֱֱָ֣ıǼ⻬촽ϣûѣ˿۸š
һջģ˿ָӲĲŪʹ
ﳰЦţ˿ջָֻ֣࣬򢣬ȥ⸱ġ
վĽǶȿԿȷʵ죬֮࣬ͷӵҲû룬һצӰѿͷ°صĸϡ
ͬʱԼ۾
ÿ£̲Ҫ


60
˿촽ȥĸо
ںӱߣҪ£ֵסĺ죬Ŀ/г£ҪϢ巴ӦӾҡ
һʼֻҪһ𣬴
ģҲġ
ս·΢΢Ħܻû谭˿ֻ촽ȥĻᣬ¶ӣҲȥ
ڶԷıǼϣ˯̫ҲŪˡ۽޶˶ƿЩ񻹻ɢţԽߵ˻ᣬԿʼת۾ʶڷ£Ӻ󳷣͸˿롣
̫˷ֿʱЩǣ´һʹȻ룬˿Ưв⣬ӡͫ顣
һ˿ˣ
µǣб෽ʮԶľ룬ͷ̧ţ˳ŨܵĲݴ֣˵ٶڡ
Ǻ̵棬˿
Ȳ
ڴںǿԼ˿㲻ܳ˯ʱסҡ
ǲԵġ
˿ͷβŶһ£˯ʱ򣬿ס

ϴʾܾС
˿бڲݵϣȷڲ֣˵Ϊʲô
ڿҡ
̬ȣø˿²͸ã
ϲ
˿˵ǼٻɣԸܵ£Ϊʲô
˿ûооᣬڸϵĿǶΪ
˵һֱȥ²⻳ɡ
Ƴǵķɤӣǣڡ
˿ɻͷȥĸʨǣתǰһͷѸٴȥʾʲôû
ĴצӰͷƴ໵ĽͺʶԾӻȵĵ̧ͷ˦˦մѪ
۽ëҲմѪֹסգۣǵʨצڿͷϣ۸֫ҪվΪ׶ĺ
ǵֻצӰ
ٵĺ붯˶ǵĺצҲȻ̫㣬԰ѺҲȥ
ֻСֻǰԴû˺ǣʱƣĬĬſȥ⡣
ǵβĶ£벻˰ɡ
Ϊ˿ûٿ㻺ͷߣ¶һ˫۾ǡñ͸˿š
Σ˿ĿĮвǲ߿ԣɲ̡
˵߾ߣջצӴӲ뿪Ϳõɣݴ˿ڵķܡ
ǵܶݴѳһۣڸ˿ǰǹ/ŵģٿӰ첻á
˿ʴֿʼڻʵõס̿Ӷһ£࣬ܵĹͬ
ͷ/෴棬·ڵʵ·¶˵/صĲλԶеģ/ɫʡ
˿˫ۻסֱ±ǹΪʱ´Աû
û˿ӣŸ˿ƲۣɫϤ̽ߵ˿ߣᵽ˿ζŶһһƨǰ˵Ϳǡ
СӲǴֱ˿ȻָΰɡţΪġ
±Ͳף
˿ջһֻ֣ͷϣë׵Դתطʳķ򣬡ȥţûͬ⣬ܣҲ¡
ߺٺͿ
ԴסƨŤŤȥҪ
ֹ˿˵ĸʨҲԸչǡ
˿Żæ˵ҪʨӡŲֻ۸ǵǴһ顣
СֻͷͷϢȻתصһߣԹſţˣ
ĸ׵̱˿Ǻ˿Ļ
ˡ˿˵
/Χסֱۣ̫ġ
һûбڵģν𡣡
룬˵׵㣬С˿ʱ򣬻ᷢĽ
˿ױ/һ˵ЩĻһУҵġûʩչ˿ԭʼʱֻ˳ıܷӦȥ
Ķҧһڡ
ͻȻЦˣҵĴ
ܣĸ˿ֱۣʾȷſ˿£ɿ֣һ֦ûڸҺʵĵط
˼ӵĲݵ쵽Զûעһ˿죬ûŻĵطһܻĻȣΪҲ˲ݣ׺ԣСĻȿա
ȥߴʹĸ߶Ĵôߣͦģ͸˿ᱻֻ׿
֦ȥߵλã˿⣬ߡ
ʣ𣿡
˿
һжˮɣ׼ˣȴ֪￪ʼӲÿ˿Ũܳʹȫ¶ţָȥ
Ŭø˿˿ͷĶڼ๤һ/£ʵܲߣͣÿ»
˿סֹסĶ
⣬˳ֱۣôŪʹˣ
ʲôʱһȥ˿˵q˵ҷ//ڽ㻹ʨȺ
Ĭһᣬ˵ȱ˵Щɡ
˿ִֵû𣿡ǷҪ
˿۾գһ£ĺܽˣʵĻںС˵/ʱҪ۾ġ
·һν٣˿ĻȴȵĴϣ˿۾ʱʧ˴룬ָض˶˳֡
Ļ˿ҪС˿ڲԭϷˮǿʵҲųûãĻ۾ʱЦˣȻСء
ûȵ·ůģڵϣ˿۾ЦĽü䣬ʶƭˣ˿¶׺ݡһ棬ͷҪҧ֡
ɤ͵͵ģҧɣҧˣ˭㣬Լ
ҿԱ߽㡣

˿õʱܺãʱҲ滵
ֱ˵㾢˼£˿ɢ¶ϣͷ޳˵ȫԺ
϶ģ׷ʣشҡ
մζֺڴϣ꣬Ժ˵רĵ㡣
/컷ⱻǺ֣ԭÿֻﶼææµµԼ
βͰڱʨȺϣʨάѾǿˣʱβͰκһֻڱʨ̤أβͰɱ
ʨά˺ˣͷʨֻҪ׷ܣβͰֻʨڱʨȺε
ٴο԰β˵ʨά˻ûȥ
βҪһ
κʨĻܲˣʨάٴδצѡǰβͰûٻʨȺȵǰʨά˳ϣٻʨȺβʨάǸҲ𹥻ܹ졣
컹ûβţӴ͸ۡ
ͣ£ʨά˸ͣ
βŴ󣬷һŭ𣬰ҲŷУٴʨάˣվס
άܵıӰͣ¡
ŭ壬ǲʨȺ
άæſȥ³һڰ˵ʨȺûϵˣҲκʨȺ
ͷββ˦˦βͣʲô˼
άˣҲĵϷңʲô
άڵȵβ˵仰̫ѿάûйƣǿȫϣΪ˱סά˲òܡ
βɱ˱ʨ˹ӣȴ©һŮˡ
βȻ֪ӵһһͷĸʨѣβٷȥɱά˵ðβˬб۾άˣϵ˰̫ˣһͷʧܵʨ
ά˽˵һֱˣһ𡣡
ࣿ
β˼Ȥ͵άˣҲĴ˵
άС˵ҵȻţĸʨһڻ˿ء
β϶˵ˣ͸˿¡
β˼Ǻ͸˿ˡ
Ϊ⣬һֻһֻ˵ʨӣҲûк
ϿʨȺءάյ
˲Ծ˵ʨȺ
ʲôϵ
ǵںʨȺˣҲϴڿʨȺ࣬qܵӣֻǳʨֿʨȺǻȥǡ
βǿ㸴𡣡
ɱĸĸֵܽãһǺ㡣ά˹ʵ˵İ٣Լ˵װס
βû˵˳˼
άתһȦΪʲôҪ㣬ʨȺѵҲǽˡ
άɿ˰һۣ˵滰Ҫȥ˿ɱ࣬ǸֵĶҵĲӡ
ʨȺļֻĸʨǽҲ¡
Ҳǵļıóѣǡ
ôģٴηʡ
άתתվβ˼뱴ʨȺûҪ˼ҸȱʨȺܣǺ֪ˣһᱨҡ
ҼʨȺ԰ﱴʨȺ
βʨάˣʨά˵񲻶㲻ܡ
ά˼ʾ˵ĻģβڲԭϴǸ࣬ĸʨ岻ġ
ͿʨȺˣҲܱʨȺβŵȷʵпԽʱڵʨȺ˹򾭹ĵطʵǿġ
ȻбȱʨȺֻ˹ķΧڡ
ά˹βȷĸʨһ𡣡
ҴҰȮ֪յĸʨһˡ
Ҳ뿪ʨȺ湻ĵġ
βͷëζһ¡
˹ûʨʨȺֹʨȺһβ㲻ܵġ
βôı£ÿʨȺͱʨȺʨȺѣʨȺҪأ˺زغϵĻԱ
ʨȺغͿʨȺض˹вڣʨȺأʨȺҲǸѡ
ά˵˵мֵ
ңʨά˼ʨȺҲһ£ֻʨʵǿֵܣʨάб˼Ͱҧ
ԼʨȺҪȥ
ʨȺĸʨܶ࣬ǲһҪһΣεǳĸʨΧڰߣ׽˺ء
βĻʳ߻ðѪ
β˵һ
ǰ
˹Ҫǿ׳˫۾ʱά˼ĸʨˡ
ƺм仰صĸʨߣʳ
ά˿ͷ԰β˵βҲǿԳſʨȺδʨȺǰɱǡ
Ͱβһۣβͷ˵ȿһ£óĳȥ׽ҺͰԡ
ά˿ŰͰβǿ׳ͣĬỊ̆ȥԡ
ʨԶ棬ʨά𣿡
ǡصֻ
Ʊ˼ߣ˵˵
ѰβĻʵĩˣ˵һ䣬ĸʨβΪʨȺ𡣡ʨȺռбʨȺأĸʨԿ
ʨǣκĸʨΪܵ˺ֻغ̣ĸʨһС
˵ҪСĿʨȺʨȺռء
ƱӺˣţൽ׺Ͷĸʨǣ
˼Цᱻס𡣡
һĮ
ƱȻ᳤ʲôӣ˵ǽ񣬾Ҫһ㣬һ㣬Ƥ⻬㡣
qڲԭͦģԲʨȺĸʨ࣬ƱȾ˼
úı棬Ҿʨάû˵滰
Ͱβ˵ǴάԶĸʨ̡
ģҲǰʱ뱴ʨȺʨȺ˵֣еô
ԭϹ¼ںǴҰȮĴԽԽ˵ֻĸʨ˿ҲûҲһԣҴҥԡ
б£ֻĺһ˿òã⣬ѾȼմϨˣ췺ѼɫĹâ˿˯ա
˿ͬ棬/ͿһʵĹ⡣˫ۻϥԶ
Ѿˣ뿪˿ߣ˿ܿ۾
ס˵˯ᡣ
˿ֱֶóŵأǿ///λۣĬĬ˸ðɣȲϸ˿濴˿Ưĸ¶Ľı顣
Ҳۣȥ㡣˿ճ˵Ľ׶Ρ
˵꣬ǲ֪˵ʲô
˿˳ߵͷԼ
ղš
˿룬ҹû


61
ǲǺƯ˿뵽ҹƭ۾һ΢ı˼ơ
ɻ
˿ѴϵļƷ˿
͵ָ֣Ǽ⣬Ƥ֮ǰԸ˿ĵ٩룬ĲЦ˵һģš
ܵ˾С
ڸ˽˿ҹ˿ڿ/У׺Ū
Ľ˿ƯһҪȥִ䣬߰룬ڲԭϳԵߵĶ࣬Ҳʵһ㡣
Ҫȥʳ˿ָ˱Σչ֫ɫ¶һ˿͡
ǣǸ˿ĻվڳʣʳԱ߲ʱǰ̧֫˿ע⡣
߹ȥûǣһ϶ûл𣿡
ҡҡͷ˸Ƿû
ᾭǴһ𡣡צӰµͷ
һͷĸʨûǰڲԭˣ뿪һԺ
ǴһҲ᲻ڰɡ
ȥʳԴֻС˿󣬷ֹΣͻϮ
ţ̾
Ϊʲô̾
˵ǺþúþûһߺԶ·ˡ
һȥɡ
ڸ˿غƽ飬ԵѵãͷҪ˵仰Լʵֲ˳ŵġ
Ӳתƻ⣬ָǰ棬ӡ
СעתƣܵӵĵطϲܾڵͰĹľҹ컹ûȫҰڿʳݸ䶯˶ӣ˲Ϸ
Ǻ棬˿У̧Ҳ˵
Ļţˡ
˿˵Ļ㻹ûش𡣡

˿߿켸ǰҡǿʳ⶯ҰԱͫСһᱻɱ
Һ¡ܵƭ㡣
˶٣뵽ĳֿܣ˵ƭ㣬ɡ
˿صᡣ
һҪҧ㡣أβģŸ˿ĳӣڨЦ£̫ײˡ
Ҫƭҡ˿˵ƭңĲ㡣
֣ǡһ⴩Ʋ㣬ߺ͸˿֮䣬ִ߾ܴ˿ûжù߰͸˿֮ľ
Ҳƭ㡣૵
õĳŵ˿ĲԲһ飬˵ָо˿ƷйҰϡ
ͺٺ׽һֻҰã˿볡ʮӣҰȫҧڲݵϡ
˵ԳӣȥҰõԳԺü졣
ûйܳԣһֻҰӱȥԶȥʬ治ɫҲһֽ
ֻû뵽q
qںӱߣͷˮڷ
ֻС͡塱İʨӣ˿ܣ塱ıܵ˿β˦˦ȥͷ塱ĬĬһ£ǺܲͷĻ
£ѡ
ĽŲq룬ֻҪ
ϧͣˡ
ĸ˿ԡ
qĿˮƿϡ
һҹûѣ˺ܾá
qʱ򣬻˿ֻߣһжܺг
˭ûȿ˵
ƽ֣˿Ұãqкqɡ
Լĸʨءֵ죬qͬ˿ʨȺأ棬qһҲ˿
ʵǣƫƫˡ
¶ۼڸ˿ǰԼ˿qߡ
qܿƣڶԸ˿ʲôѾӦø˿ʱأĸʨ⣬qֵ˿뿪һ졣
ӱţ֪һȡˮȵˣqûкܿġ
뿴͸˿һ
ǣڡq˵ɯſɻ˵ĺأҿʹ࣬ȴǳܣҺܡ
һ͸˿뿪ʱ򣬰ſɯûʱqҲûἰֻĸʨ˵顣
޵ˣȷʵͦصģͷޣһ䣬ͬİǲΪʳﷳգһʱ䣬õġ
qͳҲǻˡ
qôֻĸʨӦúܲá
֪ΰοĬˡ
qܿԣ˿ȻҲҲ֪βĴ棬˳ĲݾβѹһƬںӱ߾Ϊ˵Щ
ĸʨ͸˿޹أɲͬ˵ʨȺͦõģ᲻ΪqĻݡ
qΪ˵Ҳú˵ЩֻǣҺѹ
㡣
üļһ£˵qҡﲻʲôæ
ţҲҪʲôֻ㣬Һͱĸʨ˵ЩǻᵣǷաq̾Ϣһ
ǿʨȺ죬ľӰʨȺδֻĸʨˣҪܳһʱڣѲصʨֵֻ֣ĸʨϣѹӡ
ߣҲⲿԭ
ʨȺֻĸʨˣ֮ٷ๷ĸʨ¼ʨȺɢ
Сʨһʼ˲ĸܣڣܰġ
֣һڲԭ࣬ʳ⶯ûȣΪʲôᵽС
˵꣬q˵ֻ
ԽԽΡ
ʲôqò̫ࡣ
ֻ¸˿˵޴ʨȺҲԵ˿뿵ʨȺصĴ
˵qͬ˿£͸˿ߣʵҲвqͬˡ
ʶq˼Ҳ࣬qûʲôֵ飬޷
ˮһݡ
˿qͬƬĲԭɵܣʱ޿̶ߡ
ֻǡԭܲq⸱ĵӣܴߣҴڡ
˿ĮȻ𣬡㣬ڿԸɵܶ࣬ҵ๷Ⱥʣµ๷ȫɱйߡ
׽ĸʨ
Ҿǰ¶õһ档
ĻһθǸ˿һ·ʽˣֻҲûиı·ʽ͸ɡ
qΪʨȺ쵼ߣҪǵĸ࣬Ҳ⡣
˿εסֻqס﷭ڵ͸˿ֻദqûк͸˿ƽϡ
˿Ҳ¡qɻһ䡣
ǵһȲм
Ǹ˵Ըģq
qЩɬȻΪλζԸ˿̻
Ҳ
޶˵˿ҲҪ˺˿
һҪл
˿ò߳ûqһơ
ֿʼҧָڣ޵Ļ
ΪܣȰqҪ˺˿֣ʵ˿ûж񻯣
qδǲֻܾ޻ȥ
Ҽһɡ˵
q仰áһɨգĿⲻ⻮˿
˿סȣҪߡ
ĽͣһȥһۡqѹͦõģҲ
˿Լֳ꣬ûôأߡ
qȥøס㡣
ģҴӦһ㡣
˿Ըÿʵϣֱӵķʽ߼ʵqߡqװҲᡣ
ȥĸʨ޿ԣҲȥ˵۾q
Ŀģqܸ˿ǰεһɣֻСֻӡ
ʨȺۼĵطպܲá
qûпֻ˵ĸʨڲݵϣĬĬʹĥǺͰߣʢ˵ǣſΪżľʹ鴤һʱűĲӺο
ʨǲٴ֣ĸʨڲݵֲòɹѰӡ
qʱȋqȿ͵վĶİޱ塣
ȋqܹȥޱ忴ԼŵĻСһֻηηĺӡ
ô£
ڳĸʨʾˡ
ȋqԸ˿ܴ󣬸˿˫۾ʱҪҧһȋq񿿽ˡ
q˵ʨȺֻĸʨˣһ¡ȋqЦЦ
ȋqqӦqø˿˳⡣
¹ֱȋq£q˵޾ǰ档ղŵķӦУΪģƺϵqἰޡ
ǺͰȥ˿ֻСͣԭأֻСʨѣڸ˿ĸ£ѰȫУһԲ۾ܾ֡
塱ıڱ
޼ˣ̧ͷȶ˶۵ſش˼
ְס޺ȵˣ򴽣˿Ϊû̫飬q˵ء
Դɻqqӣ΢΢ͷ
סĵطڶ˼£ûصߵ̫࣬ò
ϸ۲һ£û˵Ĥ˿ڿˡ
һĻаſɣĸһôĿӣģȺɯצˣͬǰצͺȶиˡ
ȳԼǱģ
ڲݵϣ˦ͷԼëҲ񣬲ֲٰڣȻ;Ƥë˳Ļ˿ȶԣһͿ
ȵС˼˵裬ҪҶȳҪȥģ
ֻĸʨӴһ𣬺ĿΧƵĸʨƣУqģĸʨҲͬ
ϥأᰴһɯҺȣĺһƤ׹ؽܿԴλɯ޷ߣʹǿȥɯȶ£δ䡣
ҿ԰ѴλĹؽȥܻۡѧϰ֪ʶһƤëʵԻУƽ״λĽҰҲҽԺʱ׹ؽں಻ͬûʮգֻɯĹؽڴλò޸ԺȻȳ
qŮɯԼͬˣλлָĿܣԣһȳӡ
ַڴλλã뵽ĸʨԽɯܽ𡣡
ܣҵĹؽˡνΣǽڻᷢ仯ǽ𺦣ɹ
ԭʱԵġ
ɯ˵ע㲻ϣλĹͷһʹɯԵȣһ£ſۣüסĺ󱳣ס塣
쵽qûӦ
ɯæ˵ߵˣ𣿡
ҡҡͷûС
˿ֻ̹ԹԴԭأʨܵߣʮֲƣȶƲסȳˡ
ɯûqĺԣᣬĴˬҲΣɻ˵̫̤ʨȺأҲûƺá
˿û¡˫ĸ˿ļᡣ
ſȻʱƽɺſɵ˿Ѫˡ
ӦǸղʹˡ
Դ뿪ĵӳҿ¡ſĻɵڲݵϣצӷϥǰ
ϥصʹ㣬ſɸ˿ƽɺ˵ѪˣѪ٣¶˿ճЩҳͲм˵˿ɴڵһ°ɡ
һ塱ĸʨǿһֻűŶߡ
ʮֻĸʨĿ߹塱˼
õһСɴȥ˿մĻҳſɵ°ڵϣǶ²㣬ƭԵڸ˿ζ
Ϊſɴ˿ڣ˿ĸʨͶߡ
Լı죬˿ţ𵽶Ѩ
ɣֻҪ뿪
ҳϣҲҳϻӦ
ܽӴһ룬˿Ŭʨӵ棬˿öͷסĲྱڣȥģҶ㡣
ϵĶëͻȻһ£ܿסʾˣûģ˿ö֪
˿ӿЦ
ϵζ㹻˵
ȋq뿴˿᲻뿪̾qƳһۡ
ͷβqܵȻ˿ռΪе
㻹ҵʨȺ󣬻ٵİſͻȻ˵ĸʨʶſں˵ΪſɵĿһֱδƿ
ûСٻشͷҲû̧
ûͷûβĶԻĸʨǲףĪΪһԭ򣬺ܿ췴Ӧ
ûУſɲģį
ðſɵ˿ڣɴϵᣬԻྱĸ˿˵
Ļһ
ڳĸʨĻ˿βͻס⵽Ҫ̾Ϣǵá
ô
ȋqת뿪ʿҪͷԡ
q˼϶ǹ˵ģ˵ĸʨ


62
͸˿ġĸʨĿãȋqͻȻ뿪ӾʨȺĬ
ֻи˿ǿĵģĵΪĹ֮ôĸʨǰص¡
֪͸˿ܹϵq𽥶¶˼ºͿûã˵˺Ͷܲ˵תͷ˿ɹӡ
q뷨˿ԣΪʲôС
Ϊ˵Ļ˵ӦʨȺ˵ĸʨʵﶼ
͸˿ֹĸʨǳӵ˼ŭȥȋqͬqദʱ࣬˽Ҳ㡣
qĵĸ˿ͶȥԴͬһƳ
ɷԸ˿кøУø˿ҲʵһǶ˿һǶǡ
Ŀ̫ѵˣ˿ûӵС
Ļû̫оľƽɺͱѾΪſɹ˿ڣ˵仰չֵֹģ˵Ҳء
Դײһ±СһȦıɻȵˣû
ﵽҪЧ˿Ķ䣬껨Ķ̵ĶҪӲʵһָУ£˿Ϊ
ˣңûߡ£˵
˿Ϊÿռ䣬ûȥľֻ˵ĸʨȺúܶ࣬ţιһһͣ˺Ƶǰצ
ȫצϣһܣϢӲʲô
Ӳšʱʨ
¿һۣȻȾͦãצϵ˿û󰭣ֺ˺ѣҲܳá
ȣû̫ĸᡣ
עϢҪܣҪ˼롣غ˼ĸֵ
ţܲúȶӣһ˿ҲޣǺ͸˿ˣһЦݶĸ
ʲôС˼롱ָ˵
ȿ첻Բ𡣺ο̶̼첻ϵζҪǸ˿ݵġ
ֻѱˣĮ͸qЦûڵĻζɬ졣
˽ºޱ˵Ҳͻ˿һһöɬĹʵû뵽ȴΡ
һֹʮУʱ죬ص֮£ƳĻϻζĵʧء
ȵĸΪغ£װúΣ˼롣
Ȼ̽ңôвҪ
ˣĸʨǿʨȺ󵨵ʨӣĸʨڣŮҲԣȻ顱
ŭЦֻռռˣ˷ʱ䣬ǿϣѧĺܿ졣
ûȤ̡
ġȵ˵
Ҳġͣžζ
ȵļſڵϣβڵĶ£﷢һ
qʱվ֮ĶԻ̾лл㣬һҾͰˡ
ҡҡͷûʲô
ǶҪ㡣qɣǲ͸˿ֻҪߡ
ǵһqģʨôܺͻƽദǳԿĻβߵİţС˵ȥȰȰq
ڷǺŻ񣬲˵࣬ȥq˵ȱɡ
ĬĬһۣ̾仰Ҫȥȥ
ǵɴ۾ѽ
ʨȺޱ廹лڳ̵Сʨӣ
qڵش˿Ҳǣһ񣬶q˵С
qΪңͦˡ
Ǻúʱ䶼῵
ˡ
˵ˣԺ󻹻
qʼĻţʼնס£˵
ͻȻڲԭϣҲҲͻȻʧ
ˣôȥ㣿
Ҫ̫Զ
ϴ˵ÿʨȺʨȺ˵£Ҳ濼ǡ
ĸʨǺ˵ҺʨȺݽ˲ɱϴֵͷʨ
qµûȷʵ˵ʨȺʨȺɱֻʨ˹ӱ߷£ûȥ֪qѾɹʶ
һ׳նҡˡ
ȷʵqĸʨɱʨȺĸʨֻ֪ĸʨһֱûԭΪʨɿ
ĸʨײϴûתˡ
˵Ҫõĸʨͬ𡣡˵ǿġ
qѧΪqʱЦЦˮǿ
ֻҪ£ţǶͬġ
ڳֻ֪ĸʨqĻ׷׾ȸ̾qǰеӶϡ
˿ܵϢҲܴڿʨȺ˺֪ܶ£磬ΪʲôҪʨȺʨȺˣʨȺ᲻˺кܴϵ
öӶ뵽qֻĸʨ̤صĿġ
˿ˣʨȺʵ֮󣬽˻˭棿̻ʨȺʨȺ˭ڣ
ֻĸʨ˿
qļıҡҲɹø˿ܲӦƫҪӦˣ˼ɵ˿˿㲻Ը⣬Ǿߡ
Ը⣬ҺԸ⡣˿һһ˵
ҪʨȺôʨȺˡ
Ϊ˿תģһߵģСӺʨȺ̫
˿᲻Цգͷϣ͵⣬˿ٴεૣƭҡ
Ҫǵܶ࣬ѡһλãֿʼ׼ƨƨ߸󣬸˿󼸲ľ룬ǰһqӰס
ںӱһɨգq׷ϸ˿˵˿Ҳʧȥ
㲻Ǻ𡣡
ͷʹĸʨڲװˣ˿ĮӦԣǺš
ֻǶò
ŭģҺܿġ
qĽŲ˿β˦֪𡣡
qͣ¡
˿ŲıӰغϡ
ԶqߣqҪʨȺˣֻĸʨǵ̬ȿɲáŷսʤһУͣһʹ졣
qľʨȺзԵʱ򣬰qɫô롣
ҡŶ£뵽˵ģʨȺ˵ɣǵġ
ѵðûر𷴶ԣq˵ʵȨңʨȺ˼Ѿˡ
ǲϣҲûа취
ˣôƭҲǣû˭Ҳ֪Ρ
Ļѻڣû֦ȥ绹ʣһȼţ˼֦ٴλ
״Ĳ̫¶ʺϴ棬qŲתһȦ˵ҪǰæǿԽӵ˫ֻ᷽öࡣ
һȺ/ŮΧתĳֱҡͷáȷʵ˽ϻǳŵĲݴԣûбڵȥĲʵá
ʨȺԶĵطЩ֦һ˿Ұ㡣
ôЦЦ
·ϡ˿˵
ܲųڲԭϣûбĶﻹãбĶڣס
˿⣬ö࣬ҲɵĿ죬úϢ
˿ʧһᣬٴγʱqԼ̫ջۡ
Ǹ߳ͷڷĴǸ˿ϴ··Ϊɣס壬·Ľվһû
ĸʨ۾Ҫɳˣͷһμ·
ģ޷Ѷʮֵָ֦ͬʱ۶ϡ˿Ѽ֦Ҫ۶ϣõĿޡ
ȋqվ£˿⡣
ҲԽȻ·ȥ
꿪˾ЦֲǸ˿Ϊ·˭Դ𡣡
Ҳˡȋq޸˿ӺʨӲе࣬˿ûҸߣҲûǿ׳
ûᡣȳ
ԴӺȼ仰ϴȋqûк˵
˵ĻȋqβĴ棬ǺᣬϾΪʨȺˡ
ʨȺֻĸʨˣ쵽ڣq˼Ѳص顣
˵๷ˣ๷Ⱥµ๷Ů֣ŮλΪпܻսʨȺ
ʨȺʵ𣬱ҪǿѲӣֹһεĲʹѵ
ȵȫˣqҵ๷ȺҧЩ๷
˵ĸʨҲҪõʳq̧ͷ˿ڿеգĸʨ˵ҪѲغͲԣ˭ȥ
¸ߣʨȥԣǶ˵ʨӡ
һȺĶαɢ˵Ҫ˵һͷ磬ǲԭʳ⶯ϲ׽ܾûвˣһĲԼ裬׷ŵһᣬȲ֧̫ʱ䣬ǽͣӣſɢȴ
վڿտĲԭϣӵĲݼɲˣͷɢǶϵĳѣܵȫ̶̵ͣβ͡
̫ˣʧܣǺȥ˿߲ʳԣ֪˿û
ѵĳ绹ûüصͬߣһǱڲݴɫӰһԾҧסĲӡ
ά׽ͰβӲݴվŨܵëĿǶסֻʨ
֪ΪԼеǸΪʨȺϧǵڼڿʨȺؼʨˣ
ڳʨԲǺ飬Ƿӣڲݴʨľ벻ŲݴԵҲߣŲצӣŵƤߡ
άҧ˵磬ڵϣðͰβԣѪڲݴϣӿʨȺ̾Ľϻ뿪󣬰Ͱβûκαʾ÷Ѿ˼ά˸е
βͰʨȺǻǳʨսḻ֮ǰֻǳʨռһƣά˸ҶֻǳʨУ԰βͰɲҡ
Ȱβʳٶά˲Ÿ˵βûƭ㣬˿඼ڿʨȺ˿ҲʨȺʱάҪ˷ܻˣ˵ľȻġ
ĸʨͻˣڲԭͷһ⣬ά˼ǣſʨȺֻĸʨˣǿֻ
ֻĸʨʱûսʨȺԸҪж򵥣άǱ뿵ʨȺأ̽ά˵Ļԣǲ뱩¶ĸʨϡ
ά˵ಢ֫˳ûκιԣ෴ĻѸ˿ĸʨת˺άˣ˵һֻʨʵͰβҪСġ
ˣ㼤ʲôβ˵ôûĸʨǣ
ά˳һᣬɣʨȺʨһֻں
˵ĸһЩβ˼ǣҪĸʨҲڿʨȺأŻĻ
άΪѵʨȺźˣѰһһҹҲҵǴűʨȺռ쿵ʨȺأһĸʨǡ
ǡβһʲôϵ
ά˵ˣηŵͣæ˵ǣǣûϵǵʨȺ
ߡβһ˵ʨȺռ쿵ʨȺزһ׵¡
ʨȺĸʨܶ࣬βͰҲܱĸʨҪǴ򲻹ôͷĸʨ黹ҪͼǺϵ
ĸʨǲͰûȳԹǵĸʨ̳꣬ڱʨȺͰβֵʨĴڣ飬Ǽ
ֻĸʨðգƾ仰Ȱ
ά˳ĬԣʵڳЦββǿһѣǻûʨȺ
ͷʨʳά˶ǱмɨǣżĿͶããԭǷˣζĲݼά˾վëһһ
ʨûؽŲʵĽצƵ죬ǶٶȥץҧǷɿôٶܡ
ǣά˺
Ͱβ̧ͷǳԾͬʱӿͷǱʨȺİͰβǺά˽һˣ͵͵ʨȺأһɻ¡
βͰûԥȥ׷ǣֻʨ׷һֻĸʨܣӲֻǲ֫ܳ˲Ӱʱ任ʨıٶȣܵ˹ǰ֣ǺԼ˿Էɿʨĸ߶ȡ
Ϥֵĵƣȥʨ˦ԼҲ۵Ĵʹ˹˹ӣʨȺء
ά˻ȥ׷βͣˣΪһûõĸʨ˷ʱ䡣
Ȱĸʨռ쿵ʨȺĸʨҲӲ
ٻ졣
ҹճ٣Ĳ˸˿İæһЩòҶȫסֻСһСĲһξ룬ֻСϡ棬棬צӰĲ档
˻Ҫȥ͸˿ԴմӲҶ϶ȥһָֻſסƳȥһƨᵹڵϷܵĲ˵ȥͺٿһ𣬲
ûиǣˮһأ䣬һ˿𣬺ܿס
ӣ붯Ǹ˿Ϊʲô͸˿Ҫ档
Դһ벻ͨ¡


63
˿ͿԿǿգúһڴ/ֵ£¶㡣Ҳܴܶ࣬òԭﾪ̾Ķ
/Ϣһ˵ԺǿڶѨϲؿռĸоֻСĵط//ӷ⣬²㣬ø˿иһ㡣
ûлشͷһСƬ¹˿ķӦ
˿Ϊѧѧĺܿ죬Ҳķ񣬵ǶȲʱԼҺʵλá
̰żļŪЦʱ˿Ư˼Цʲô
˿⻹·קֻڵϵַĸϣʵϵĳŵ
ʱŸ/˿ָоһƬıξͿԿ̬
֣ͣ£ûоܾ˿ĺ⣬ҲԺ᲻ء
̸ֽʵʲִ˽⵽֪ʶڻͨżܾһԼȣĳЩ̷·ˡ
ȻҪ
֮ǰĻϯصʱôûأֻҪ㹻֦Ͳܣ̫̫˾Ϳԣݡ
Ѹݱ֯ڿϣȫıӻȫķɣõĻһֻ￴͸˿
ҲĸʨǿؽһССθ룬˿ķ//ʲôȺĸʨ֪
𡣡˿ͷ·ϣѾƽİɫ䣬Ѱɫ䴩˵/ζ
е磬ɫǰֵܼڲҡѾˡ
ڼ˿֫嶯־ᶨѾ͸˿һˡ
˷ʥ޹ָϰɫָڼסʱıһ޲
˿ϲֱ侲ʵѾȥķСҲģپЩ侲Ҳ
˲Щ˵/ãڰڵģʱֱӿ/
ռСҹĲԭ¶Ƚˣ䣬˿ƵЦЦβ۽޻һγһϸߣ/ڴǣ΢΢עƺ˵ţ/ˬ/ˬ/
©һڡ
һڣͻһĲڣڵʵʵʲô
qȋqޱĪȥѲء
ֻĸʨˣҪֻһĸʨеʨȺˡƽɺͰȥԣĸʨֹȷѾ뿪տֻ˵ĸʨ̡
£òѲأֻҪʨȺͶιͺãϢҹҲϢ˯ţֹſҲǡ
Ը͸˿ߵԶԶĶɹ///Ҳ룬ԵС
೤ʱˣһֱûг
ԭǲɵƣſţ̼һ˯ĺˣͻȻ˵ţǵ۹𡣡
ڼ£ȵĻ۾΢΢б
֪ˣ˿Ρ
ռʱĴڽõ˴𰸣ųһûٺȴȤ顣
˵ѵҪŻĺ󲱾𡣡ŻĻ棬︡Ц
ֹҲЦŹֵĵ˵㣬Ҳҧסĺ󲱾ֻ˵һ䣬ܿðȶס
ƺܲ
ʳ⶯ƫƿ߻򱻸ǿƿأ࣬ƿغͱƿߣѹһѹࡣ
α֣
ģʹࣿǳ//ӭӡ
ȺĸʨҲͬԣϸĲǰε̾Ϣһϧ
ҶеĽ˿ˡ
̾ŲԭķɢΧڰſɺͰŵĶߡ
ǰţȵĻòӦ
ŻʶղʲôѵúΣ˦˦ͷȴſŸΧİɫɴ
ԭеؼŵأǶѲ꣬Ҫһҹʱ䣬̵ߣѲزֹЩʱ䡣
qĸʨСţʱ徯渽ʳ⶯ǸϿ뿪
һЩû̫вĺǴһʨӵܵԶԶġ
ʨȺͱʨȺڣһֱల£qĿӱر߽ӹֻСʨӿİĸʨŶȷ۵ĺС
һᣬһֻĸʨСʨӣСʨӶ£ĸʨ̧΢ţ迴ڿʨȺĸʨ
ĸʨʱ뿪ʨȺڻ߽ҵΰȫĵطȵܴٴ̻صʨȺ
ֻڱʨȺĸʨ̺󣬶չ̵̣ͣٹӦÿԸʨȺˡ
qû˺ʨȺĸʨͱʨȺûйĦĸʨͷǵʨӣqҲǡ
ĸʨ̫qĸ׵һ̵ֻĺ󲱾תƵĵص
꿴˵̵ĸʨʨȺڻ̽
qջ߼ǰߣû̵ĸʨ
겻پ£׷q
̵ĸʨҵһʯѣ̵ʯΧɵȻ̺̣ë
ιҪȥԣҪʧһ죬ҪѡһȫĲص㡣
ҹĸʨʯѵʯͷСʯѻһ𣬴ڵס̵Ӱ
ӱʨȺͿʨȺڽ紦ֻʨӰ߳ĸʨҵµص뽻紦ԶŪĶܿβע⡣
βϳ˦˼βͣȥ
βһĸʨһ𣬻ͷӺڰͷʨ
վʯǰס̵ӰΪ̲ǰβġβһ۾Ϳڵŵ̵ıӰȥе˵ʲôʱ̻ʨȺ
ɻŰβǻش𣬡ˡ
β˵£Ҳ˺̵ģ⼸ֻСһҲʨȺĳԱ
û뵽ҪСĿʨȺĸʨأܻԱʨȺ
԰βͰûʲôøУʨȺʨûãľԺܸߣڰβ˵ĻͬˣһСġ
˭ֻʨķǺͿʨȺĽ紦úܹŹֶ֣һֻİʨβͰڴʲô⣬ҪŪ
СĿʨȺɲβͰΪҲҪ֪
άˡβܵ¼ʨȺʨ
̫ˣʨȺԭʨİʨʨȺܲͬͼ˵һܲˡ
βвͷͬˡ

βΪ˱˵Ҫȥԣˣ㿴̰ɣάȥʳ㡣
ܾˡ
Űβ˵βϲȥƱʨȺϿȥɡ
βӿʨȺػͰһۣ˵ҺͰβпʨȺĸʨ룬׷ȥ
ѡ
һʨҪģûдưβͰĻԣֻʨ߳ŭ򲻹ǡ
ԭͰβϿʨȺɡ
˵˾䣬ʯǰǰצվʯϣ˯̡
ֻ治
ŵ𷢷衣
˵ĻΪʲô裬Ϊ̲ҺͰβģ
£ĸʨǲֻ̲ҺͰβ
ǶʨȺĺܺá
ʯͷ԰β˵βȷʵûȥˡ
βζƳ˽ŵá
άһͷˮڰβͰ棬ͷۻվʯǰĸʨ
ôˣάʵڲ⡣
Զˣ˵ҺͰβ뵽üʨȺɱʨȺĸʨİ취ˡ
ֻʨֵܣ꣬һ仰ܻͨ˴˵˼
ά˵ĻҲֺܶ࣬޹أΪ˴Ŀģƪ뵽İ취ˣҲζͶ
ĸʨ뿵ʨȺôزȥʨȺüĸʨΪǿʨȺĸʨǸɵİɡ
һֻĸʨûʲô˵ġ
ֻʨԶ뿪ʯȥѰʳ֪ǣֻʨѹûԶĵطаļƻ
ǻŲ·ܵʨȺأûֻʨӰɵڵϣҲ˲ϻ᲻ᱻѲӵĸʨ֣צʪģȫǺ
촭ŴҹγɰϢתβͰڿʨȺؾԲżȻͷʨ֪ʲô⡣
άˣһ롣
ͷôһ벻ͨ
ιĸʨǡ˿
˻ĸʨ׼۵ûйܣ֪˿򲻻ҧ
ܣĸʨǳˡ
˿Ƥëںҹкۡ
߽ǻܶҲûˣʨȺƤˣ
˿ߵ˵ȱ뿪
ãЩ顣
Ҳͦģ˵ҲŲϣ׾ʹˣûʲôµġ
˿ߣ۵ӣ˻ŵǣŪĺǱ
Ǻ£죬øɿʵĺһЩ۾̧˿򣬡άûл𣿡
һһҧ˿¶⡣
˵ҿͱʨȺİβһ𣬾ڿʨȺء
ڿʨȺ˿Ϊ⣬뵽ϴΪά˺ֻǳʨ˸ʨȺĻ£˿ֲˣ˵ʲô
һά˺ͰβˣϴȥֿʨȺʧˣռʨȺ
˵԰βͰǱʨȺģʨȺ
ǺͿʨȺûʨβͰڱʨȺʱܾˣҲĸʨǺһʨеᷳˡ
ȲռµʨȺ
ֻʨͼ˿²淳Щķʨ
ԭķ鼣Ѿʧˣַ
˿ǵ۾ιڿʨȺǰɡ
Ǹ˵أ˿תƻ
ûأ̾Ȼã˿һ𡣡
˿͵վǵĻ廹û壿
ڿʨȺ˿һ˿ͺһ˵
ͦģ˵һ㣬˿/ˣһ𡣡
˿վͷĿѣ
/顭
һ𡭡
˵ġ˿˵
ǵģҲˡ϶
˿Թͬһۣ˵ҵˡ˿һֱΪԼǵһ/ϵĶ˵ܲ˺Ͷ˿Ը⣬ֻǻûпʼѾˡ
˵ˡ
ͦϲ˿ġ
˿׺ݵƫҪ룡
ŵĲһǰ֫ڵ
˿һ˺û£ҿԼǡ
Ҳں
㣬һȥȡ˿û£źͿʨȺһֻǳʨʨȺش
Ҫ֪¡
ҲҪͿʨȺٴκ
ʨȺظ߻ԱʨȺάʹ޻˹ˮĻǣĿռ䱻С
»֮ص¼
һֻĸβʹΨһڲԭϣһͷۻأ̣̱ۻҧֻء
Сĸߣ̧ͷʣ裬ȥģ
ĸΨһ̣ȥҸ˿һƬأǴȥ
˿˭
ҵá
Сһʣ𣿡
˵ҵḶ̌ʨӡ
̱Ҫ󼸸£¶Ľ׶ΣѾĻ
ҿԺ͸˿𣿡
ԡ˵˿Խ̲ס͸˿ܾúܾûˡ
Զͱĸ׻ߣһ̥Ǹ˿뿪󣬾ڻصĸԼأżѲصĻ档
ȵ˿ԶҲ뿪˻أͿᵽ˸˿ϻζ֪ͷ͵Ļá
׽С͸˸˿ԣʱδڲԭĸ˿ŵԺҪȥ
û£ȡЦһ䣬ԭôôҵء
˿Ժҵ֣ԭĶﶼ֪
һȥˣ˿ˡ
ԼҲҪȥҸ˿ʵֵĳŵ
ụ̂ȥҸ˿ֻֻ̣һֻȥٵսࡣ
ϣ˿ͬأһ꣬һСԲ벶ԣҲߡ
Ǵ̣˿Ҳͬڰɡ
˿ʨȺźӱʱעܵĶ˿أڻ
ûκλӦ
ֵǣڸ˿ζѾúܵʹҲ˿ľλá
˿ûѲ
û׼ȷĿ꣬һҹȻûм˿ֻڸ˿ڲ׽СӵĶӡ
ʳſЪϢʱĹڸ˿ԣ̫ˣûŹ˿һһ
Ϊո˿ĸԣ¶ϡ
ȥʱ򣬿ʨȺطȥɣһܼ˿ء


64
˿ָδӲ߳ƵĲҶ¶һܴķ϶ű˯ĺܳ
˫ֻڸǰһѰȫеƣ۵ˡ˿ĬĬһᣬצӰ²Ҷķ϶бսȥ
ܹȥŸ˿ȣѾ챻ĺݡƳ飬Ҫȥ˿סˣϢ
ɥĴ۾бŸ˿˿쿴ץ֡
ţ˿뵽ĺ£ûзϡ
ΧŸ˿תһȦͻȻ˵˾䣬Ǵˡ
Ȼڵ̲ʺ滰˿ĬĬСӳԵķʷ׳׳ģʱСѹںצϡ
˿̾Ϣһ°ͲͷС
ԴƿܲҲŲ
ͺܵ˿ߣе߶Կͺٿߣ˿˵ұҲŲ
Υİοܻġ
̧ͷһ۸˿ø˿Ӻǰܲһб仯ˣ˵ٳʵ˵ٻͷ˵ûϵԺ󳤴ˣԸߣҸԳԡ
Ժ׺ҿԼԣ
ٲŲš
ֻСӹһ֣Ҫ֤Լ˿ЦһĻ
qĵܰĳ棬ֻСܿΪǴС£һëһѣֿq
qĴצӲȵݵϣҵߴֻСϻͣפ˿ϡ
Էƽ͵Ϣûȫʧ
ֻ˿Խ͸͸Įᷳ
Ĳq˵
ڵʵĲ߹ʱĶ΢ĺܼ۳
˿βͼӶţûqĻ
qͣںʵľ룬ŵСǱĺܺá
˵ʱҺܾȡ
㿴Ļ
˿صҲǡ
qβ˲¶֦һ£΢ĺס
qĶת£˵̲֣Һܺ¡
ͻȻϣһʧô죿
ҵ¡˿q˵۹Ļ⣬ͷĸʨ𡣡
룿q˻ᣬʡ
֪Һʲô
q޻˵
˿Ҳ뿴㡣
ʢᣬqİʾ˿Ҳû
ڳɹӵռţߵĶﶼߣΪԼܶԶ
̫ˡ
Ȼ˿̬ôqù˼ɣҲʨȺأʨȺĸʨ̤
˿㷢ζ䵭ˣӦÿҪˣ룬Ӧߺɣ͹ˡq˵ʩʩȻ뿪
ԶƿҶϸ˿Ŀ⡣һһӣ˿ĿƵ
˯ʱֱۻڸ˯˲̫ʵλõ·žȥԻûȫѣqĻ֤ʵûע⵽ϸڡ
ϸɾ׵Ļۡ
һֱֻ۳ڵϣбţ¶˳ڶ˿϶
˿צ̧£Ҳ
˿q˵ģ//ڿҪˣȻ˿ֵܰҲίԼֻǰ˿ʵҲ
һʼ̹߳ܵȻ룬˶/ǸֱסأŪŸ˿/ʱǷ̵ġ
ԼΪλ˿/ͷ/ܾxingͰһģܰ˿ѡxingȥ
ÿμ˿糺죬ѹʹ죬ϲ˿ͷģֿնĥ
Ÿ˿ķڽ
˿ʱֹסǽ¶ŲڴϣҪˣܿģ
ͷ˿õʱȵס
βһӴ䵽ϣôԣڻø˿β͹۲ڽҲˡ
˿ûбοƳߣŲݵﳤİɫС䣬ˣҲԼ
ϲ/䣬ںǲǷ
ֱӣ˿ǲˡ
ڽǲټ
˿ĶƲһ£ɻ
̾Ϣˣˡ͸˿͵̫ϸȻû;ϡ
ˣ˿ȴ
⼸죬˿õ/㣬յģ忿ٽ֮ʼиҡ
̫̫Ҫõ
ң˿߽Ϊʲôܼ˿ܳһһϡ
ʹӣĬΣ˿˵Ҳȥġ
ٴδЩ˿סӿɬȻʨȺܺ𣿡
qǱĸʨǿ񶼺ܸӡ
ʨȺ¡ָһҶȥҲڿʨȺ
˵Һڵʱʱȥ㡣
ڿʨȺͦڵģҲأҪ鷳
Ҳ¡˿·ץסǵϣ֮ǰҲĺܺá
ҡͷҲڲԭ
ڲԭϡ˿ִ˵
̧Ӹ˿˿㻹࣬ȥصᡣ
Ҷʮ꣬˶ʮ꣬ԭϴһµʱ䣬ʹҵݺͽܵĽ
ŬӦԭŬȥΪܻصҸûصĵط
е˿ңԶ󲻵϶ǲԭܱġ
˿ɥҪĶ
ҸˣqҲˡ˿˭ܸ㡣
ЦЦԼȥҵġ
˿ıʯͷҪӲqղ˵ģһͻȻʧˣô죬Ĳ֪ô졣
Ҷ˵ʲô˿ɣ˵ϲңҵİ£Щ˵ڵģ
ҪصԭĵطҲûи߹ҡ˿뵽⼸죬飬ÿȥܻ⡣
ȷûԸ˿˵ϲҳ˵ģʨάҸߣҲ룬Ͷ˵İ¡ϲ㡭
ü⣬˿Ӽһƽĸʨ˿ҵġ
˵ǰ˵ϲҡ
Ϊ˿ġ
̫Ѿȫ¶ϣɹڻϣоů֫ͷβá
⼸ܾһЦ
ҪΪϲԸ׽һԡ
ɱǣ˿Ļԡ
һСо˿ˡǰβһڵϣġ
С˵֪ڳܡ
β͵ϣ͸˿
ƭҡ˿ɫʧȥ˹ʡ
һ£̧סûü˼Ѿ˵ǡ
˿ĻϲңǿԼҡ
ûǿĸԸ˿˿˼
ֽڰգҧ´꣬ԳЦ£ǣ϶
Ҳ뵽ˡ
֪ϲңһӦĸ顣
ҺܿЦɡ˿įΪ㣬ҴʨȺأزأ£ߡ
qޣ˿ҺûʲôͬҲ⡣
󣬸˿˱۾ɣҲҪæ
ĴʧѪɫֻΪһ仰ôŪڵľ档
û뵽˿ġ
Ĭˣ˿Խʧ
һ⣬q˵ģ뿵ʨȺʨȺˣΪ˿˺𣿡
ϳ˿뵽ġ
˵ϲңġģȫҡ
Ѹ鴦һߣ˿ʣĴˣҲϲ˿ûƭ㡣
ģΪҽ/䡣Ҹղ˵ģ࣬ҵĵº֪޷Ͷ£ȻǿԽ
˿ĸΪḷ́ûдϺ̹ϵһζԻ
Ϊ㲻⣬ɸ˿q˿ڷڣҲǡ
˿βͶһ¡
ҺͿϲңӦɹڣЩ£Һܻԡ
Ҳ˽ģҲûqķڽҲ˵Щ
ԭʶǣҺ˵Ҫҵؼҵ·ǸңҲʨȺĸʨȻ֪ܾǰ顣
ɣ˿˹ˣҪһʨȺҾǸӽȵĺûᣬͺˣ·qǡqΪܵ˿˹вȣ뿪˵ɱռʨȺأĸʨĻɣˣһؼҵϣһ룬ѡqصʨȺ
ңҺܾȺܿģҲܸȥҪȥĸʨûк˵ںӱߣ˵Ļġ
ҲΪܵ˺νҲС
ǽˣҲ֪ˣΪ˱ʨȺ
һ˵꣬͸ѹʯ·𳹵ʧѸ˵Ķ˵ˣ˿ҲӦõġ
ȴУ˿˵Ҽǵãߺĸʨǻ͵͵㣬ʱ뿪ңȥĸʨȡ
ͷҵˣԭϵΣ̫࣬㣬ҿܻᱻ๷ʨӴ߻߱Ե
˺õĲ࣬һ˵Ȼȥĸʨȡֻû뵽;ô⣬˿ϲ
ǡĳ˿Ѿκ
ദʱƭ
Ҫҳϣû
Ҹøлqһ֪ҳɵϡ
𡣡˿
Сᶨ˵㲻ΪһЩ飬ҵȫ
ΪһУҶҪؼԼ£أҪչˣѵЩȥѰһؼҵ·𡣡
Ҳܷҵġ˿ʲôҶ㡣
ûŹ
ԭ¶ȿʼоȣ˵Ҫˣҡ
ԣ㡣˿һû뵽һ㡣
νˡ
/һ̣˿;òʵȻǼٵġ
ԶĸʨǾۼڽϻ£ǲ֪˿˵Ȼƽһ졣
ʶʱҲ˿ǲ϶ҵġ
ΪģûҪ
ɡ˿ܼΪʶʱ䲻˶ʮ߹󡣡
һڲԭÿһ춼ʱܽٵϣϧһʱ䡣
ÿһ춼š
ָ˶
ԣڽǾͽˡ˿ת㱣֤ĸʨȥ
ɤӵɬܡ
ʵزȥˣҪڲԭһֱȥܲ˹¶죬ῼǺһ𡣡
˽뷨ԽãԽԼֻҪһؼҵϣҶĸ飬һһȥˣǶĲΡ
Ҹøʵ˵
ĿǷΧڡ
ûҪˣŪĸ顣𴽽ǣÿһ죬˺ƽġ
˿β˦˦ûٻӦĻֻȥͺֻȳɣȸ˿߳˼ףŻͷᣬɻ
˿ڻûнҪ𣿡
˿Ҳûлͷ
˵ģҪİæ
ģ̧ס̾Ϣһˡ
塱Ӹðߣıڰο
һᣬĴƵҺܻ
Ҳ㻵ͻȻðһס֣ۿе㷺죬㶿ųֵq
q˵˿ķڻûôˣ
ǳˣ
ľ̫ãͷ˵
q̾һòҸղ˵˻
ֻǾ㲻˽⻨ķڣһ¡
¡
Һ֮䣬ܹҪһС
һˣq㣬ûеõȫĻ⣬𣿡
Ĺĸ˿ֻԼûʶqգ͵̫Ӱ죬һ󣬶⼸һֱڰҹûֹͣӦõõܺõĻ⡣
һҲûŪһҹţֲġ
˸˿q鲻ûɵǰֳ˿𣿡
ᣬΪҵĻôϲ㡣
ˡվʶһ¡
ҲϲϵĻƶǵúqƺȰǣΪһʱֿܵӣҲۣ͸˿ȥҲˡ
ÿ޳ü£qµԭʨȺ˿ǵô

дˡ
˵˵޶Ŷ׶


65
˿ľͻȻܸʨȺأ׷
ȥıӰˣǲͬһˣqͬ
qԼ䣬һ֪´ʹ͸˿֮ìܱ
ܵqĸʨʨȺĵqʼɣ±ȸ˿ҪҪ
ŸչȥһҹһûǺáqվ͸˿Ĳǰŵڸ˿Ũصζ֣δᵽϵǳǳɬĸ˿ѵȡ
˿뿪ڿУе㽹꣬qĽͣðɡ
qһʨȺԼҲ̫ġ
ҡҡͷͦõġҪʨȺԶһ㣬˿뿪ˣֻĸʨٹ˼ɡ
qѡһǿ˵ġͫʽ档
һѣֵסq볯˼
ã˵ѣһҲòʨȺ˵ɡq˵ܸĸʨ͡
ڸղţһʨȺˣȋqԡ
ӦԭҴֻû뵽ſҲͬ⡣
Ͱſ֮ûиҡ
ſɣȡˣĪΡqƺܿգʨȺĳԱ̫ҵĻˡ
ûʶ֮ǰǲ
Цˣ˼ڹң
ǲ˼Ϊԡ
˵仰
qͷʱ򣬻˵һЩƽ˵Ļܻβģţһôӡ
ʵԸȫչ¶
ͻ˿ദ⼸죬ȫƮζqϲת䣬˵ʵԭĶԽ/¿ĺܿ
qûкܶĶռһ࣬ȴôද죬Ҫרһ鷳
˿ԸͶ̫鷳ˡ
ҲרĶ˿رһ
ܽܺ͸˿˵ĳq޷Ĺ۵Ѿʧˡ
˵˼ҡqЦΪҲΪԡ
⧲qûȫ˼װɵ
˵ήüޱq
ʵڲһôôףȫĲԭϣһȺϲ
֪ԼȡΪŮִᣬæѧҵæͬСڣãã˺ʵ˺ѡ
ҲǱҪѾù¶һ׼⴩ԽԭûУ͵Ĵѡ
qҵѡ˵
ҲҪȫ飬ָһͺáqŹƻ󣬡ʶ޷ӵ㡣
֪ͷڵĸ˿һʱҺܡ
˺ܶ࣬ʨȺУҲں˭
ʨӶ߲·˿Ҳ˵Ҫҳϣ־ͺá
Ա֮£Ҫҳϵĸ˿·ࡣ
˿Ҫ͸鶼Ψһ
ĸʨǣõ顣
ϸ˿Լûرĵطֵöԡ
෴ԭʳ⶯þ׻˵ģһΪԼȡģϲģĸʨǽ໥Ҹ鲻Ǹã
ҽܲˡĸʨ˼˵Һһٺֻĸʨǣ壬ᣬһᱻĶ⡣

ҵĵ¹ı䲻ˣֻһ
qʵҲܺá
Ұҵ˵ѾزѹϵˡqٱҲԸòҪڲԭһӣкܶʱȥͨ
Ц£ôţҿܻ뿪ԭ
ʱ㲻Ǻ͸˿˵ģͻȻʧô졣
Ҿͦģ˼ϸ塣
qĬ
˿˵˵ҴڿʨȺһڣٺڵľ𡣡˵꣬ٿq̧С塱塱ıжӣûԱߡ
ȥӱߣű̫鷳¡塱ôʨӣҲȫ뻹ǰѡ塱ϣĸʨڣĶﲻĶ
ʨȺˣΪ뿪ԭq侲ʵҲ£˿֪Ĵ㣬ˡ
˽һ㣬Ըա
ҴӦҪ㶫q˳ƣûеһ۴뿪
ʨȺĸʨ뿪ʨȺȥѾȥһˣĬĬʱ䣬ˡ뵽ճ̣ͦ˵ģǼֻ̣ΪʨȺδµ
ÿȴʧڱʨȺı߽磬˦˦Դ޴צϻմѪĸʨë
ߵβߣڿʨȺһֻСʨӣ̣΢һȦѪֻˣһڲݴѿβͰ÷ȥңûĸʨӣֻ̾ܵҲɡ
άĿðβͰһԣʳйƺû뵽ֻʨṥȫǾֺãȻҪ̣ҲҪʨĹ
ĸʨĸͷʨ˿òάȥ׷ֻ̣Ϊ̣˰βͰĹ
ͷĸʨѣ֪Ỵ̄ȥҲᱻҧˣɰβͰŹ϶ĸʨ˵ǰββҪɱ̼޻ʨȺļƻʧܡ
άͦβĺģ׷˺ҧͷĸʨ˹վںӱ߿ϵѪˮһֻ㳤
ʨӲϲˮڰ߿ˮ̧ͷˮжӰûˮС
һûðͷѾˣת뿪Զ͵ذͷ¶ˮ棬ëʪˮΣڼ£ֻˮĶƯΡ
ֻʨֻ΢̣ά˵ֱҧ𣿡
βúצϣᣬȷζֱܵҧҵζɢȥﲻʨԼ
βά˺Ͱ뿪ߺֻСʨӴӲݴзҵؽλƵߣ̤ܿ˿ʨȺء
ںӱߴԭ׽ԣ֦֦ӳĶ裬ǷԶһ
µ磬Űѹĥĥá
塱̾ϢһĶӣ궢ź档
˿ϲϣû뿪Ͷźӱߡ߲ٸĸʨ˿Ҳˡ
塱קק½ǡ
塱ҪǲڲԭˣͻȥɣصȺ
塱ԴˣҲ
Ŭ죬Ƭ۶û׽飬˿ˮΪĳڶ֪ಶ׽ʳԷԼɡ
Լ˸С
֦ˮѻ˼֦ͨĴȫˮ
ٽ㶼Ҫˡ
£qӰ⣬ͣĽ·ûġ
ģûע⵽ҡq̧ͷ̫ȥգϼ鲼վںϼ£һ˲
ˣûȥˡqߴ١
תź棬һû׽㣬ֻȥҪӡ
Ұ㡣qߵߣצˮ棬ûӦʱ߽ˮ
Ͻ֦ӵһߣq˰ɣˮǷĶ顣
qˮˮˮͨȥק˿գʨӦûˮɡ
ϥڰߺ˼û
ֹ˰ɣͣפˮֱʪȵסţˮԾһŮˡ
Ů˵ĺɫˮʪϣ⻬ˮһӲӻȥŮһ˫ǳɫͫʺüë΢ЦʱβкϸС·͸˿޲ͬ졣
ƾճһŮˣǽqסķ̣ۣɡ
ҡq˵
۾Ҳ
qЦƸ󣬡ʱɰ
˵ϲһˣҪ֣Ƕܴ󣬸鲻
塱Ա߿ĿɿڴͼqҺˣ𡣡
ûˣֻҪ۾ҡ
һ֣۾һֱȥ
۾ͷŤһԣˡ
qЦŪҡ
ҡ
ĥĥqͦġ
㿴˿ΣҲ
ûбҿĶ졣
qΪ֣ߣϣʪĽӡ
ֻq߬ţqľԱŤƱȥqߣϵˮ齦Χ
ɵҲ֪q
˵˵Ķԣˣûȥˡ
qַԼǰԺԣӦñȸ˿о顣
ֻסΣq
qһקȲסΣһײ
qڵϣqͷ·Ŀһ¡
Ȼϣ¸ĿĲӡ
Ҫ𣿡̵ʱ˵û
qͣ£ϵʵ˺ܾˡ
ŵ㡣
˿ԣҲԣ԰ɡе˼
ڿֱһǸһ
ˣʱһʨȺΪľǺ
˵Һ꣬ǲǻҪĸʨ
Ҫ˭ȣȋq
޷ӵҡظһ飬ĸʨҪҡ
ȶ٬ſ˵ĸʨһж˴𰸡
ã
ɵӡ˱۾˿ҵңҸúߵġ
ÿ˵һ䣬qɫѿһ֣ĲԸ⡭
˿qʧصܾҵʱҪ
һƬĬڲݵϣԸٶԡ
qеʧܣѵõΪԼ˿õqʹø˿ڿʨȺء
˿뿪qûˣȻִܵ
ûйqȥĦǲٿʵڲ㣬q㹻ᣬϺء
ȋqҺͰſ˵ܺڣû˿㣬ҼʱѾǸ˿ġ
ʨȺ˽ģ벻ظ˿ߣʵ˵أҲ㻹ȥ
ϲҡqͷѹļϣϲĸо̫ˡ
Ľ˿
ʱ侲ʣ̧ƿqq£뿪ɫ࣬qһֱúʨȺ˵ҡ
ˣ۰
ʨȺĽ˽ԸԼȥǡ
˻ռ춼㡣
Ҳٵˡ
ν˵ĸʨǣʵ֡
վ·qϵĺˮŪʪ˼顣
㲻֪qҪ͡
ҵqȻӱߵġɴ۾
һqǰ춯q߳Ǽæˣ
ܵӱˮſڰ߰qҺȋqޱѲأֻСʨӡ
Сһҡ
ֻСʨӿҪˣ
ôʨ̣ɴСǲĸʨʨȺء
qʣСʨֵģ
룬ںͱʨȺصĽ紦
qʱ뵽ıʨȺĸʨѴʲǼ̡
úõģôһֻܵʨȺء
q˵ȱߣһ͡
£ͷ
ʨȺɱһҵʨȺ
òԭԽԽƽˣֱʨȺв
ΪͦˣҲ
¹ϣ˿Ż̹ӡ
ֻСͦῴɫģ뿪󣬸˿һ仰û˵һֱߣ·ЪϢһᶼС
ۣ˿ĺ󲱾ӣ߶߶˿ǻȥ𣿡
˿ҵצ۵ġ
˿Ҷˡ
˿ǰֻ󻨱
˿̧ͷȥӶ漸״վһֻ߸һֻ̡
ͺٻڶ棬˿Ծϣ̻¶Ȯݷͺ𣬾Ļ
İԭվ˻ᣬ̼˿ķ˿ηܣֻ˿ǿĽ㡣
ڿ˿ӡ
û뵽
˿ſܵǰԴĲӣ˿ϵζͼζϣǿ
Ÿ˿նʱ򣬸˿͸ˣþûˡ
˿ʣƬ
ҡҡͷ߾ûˡ
ʨȺͿʨȺԻѺãҵرĻռ졣
˿ʨȺͷ˵ҪҰ𡣡
˵£ø˿ȥãذУ̴ˣԼȥء
ԡ˿Ӧĺˬ졣
ܸˣŸ˿ı棬˿²ߣңˡ
ƺڸ˿Ϸ˺ܶ¡
ʵ˿㲻ģԺ˵һ˵
̾˿ˡ

ֻʨȻҪ


66
֣Ŀ˵Сʲô֣
ҽпǸ˿Ľ㡣
СצˣԿʾãС˵
ȴشʱ䣬ע⵽˿δĻ
鲻ãͽСкܴϵ
˿󷽽Ϊ㣬Ҳĸ˿ͷա
˿ǳڲԭϵǸɡ۲˿֣˿ۣβĴŵ棬ȻԭԭϵԶġ
鸴ӣôҲ벻˿ϲһࡣû೤ʲôģø˿۵ģӦò
˵౻ʨȺĸʨˡϢͺɻҿǴӿʨȺġ
˿಻ȥĸʨȺһµ顣ǶӶһȺĸʨϣ϶Կ
˺ܾûҵ㣬뵽ʨȺء˵
ҴĶĲҪ
ڿԻȥˡ
˿ǺͿ£ǣĸ飬еǿ֪ƭˣ顣
̣ȸ˿ḻ۰ͰΪ׷ʨȺڷ˿нչǳ˳ûоĸʨЩͬ飬˿żʧ̫ܺġ
˿ĲסŹſżʧܣ
ѵ𣿡˵룬ʧȻºͲضһǿʵжǿ
Ľǿģ಻̫ɡ
û˿żı֣ƾ˽⣬ԸӲͰ͵ĸ˿ʨȺȥ࣬
ʧˣɥ⡣
ż˿ĬĬ˵
żѵȥʨȺΪ˺棿οѾܰˣֲи
żҪʲô˿ʵ̹Ȼſһ㱡ε¹£Χ˿ȴй⡣
£˵ż϶ҪΧżתͶιʳͷҲҪߣеľ֣ת㣬Ҳܷĳģȵ׽㡣
˿þδԣĵ
ƭء˿ɤͳҲ
ΪԼˣգգۣȷǸ˿˵ģصĸ⣬ŬǣҪ
żĻ˵ƭˣҧҲС
˿֮򵥴ֱżΪϲԷ㶯ˣҪŬԷܵϡ
ʱҪжȥ
Ϊ׷ʨȺΪԼĳ⡣
ûнܣ¡
˵ˣɿһʱʧܲ⣬Ժ󻹻Ķ
ˡ˿ĻĿ㣬Ҫоҵĳġ
ɵˣ˿㻹𣿡Լʲô
ء˿Կ˵мҪæҪ뿪һʱ䣬ֻ㣬һҺúʵĵطΣա
ٺһ֮ǰṩʳͿԡ
˿鶼źãչֻһʱ䵹û⣬ֻǸ˿Ҫȥ
Ӧ
ڸ˿ıӰɻ̫أ׷ϸ˿˿Ҫ뿪һʱԣܸܲԭ򡣡
ͷһڸ˿С̣ȿߵ̬͸˿񣬡Ҳܻش𡣡
˿Ѱ·ϻҪȥؼҡ
˭ˡ
һıӣЦס㲻ˣ
˿һȺ߽磬ͫСһѡһ߻ؿĻû
Ҫؼҡûд
Ϊʲôҡ˿±ҪԣҲѹ塣
˿ٿһȺ߽磬ĲԼȿץһֻԸ߽磬ĳɹһ㣬˿ڿеԤԸ߽·ߣţβΪƽ⣬ʱצץס߽ļҧסĺ
ֻСȥ˿ҧ߽磬Сʱ߽ˣ˷ܿŸ˿ûпҽʳ
˿Ϊ̣ɿ߽Ĳӣߵһȥǰ֫͸Ѫ
ʳ︹˺һӣʾǽʳߵ˿ߣĬմѪˣ˿̧ͷſʨȺķ
˿ֵ𡣡ڣûҪصļҾԲڲԭϣˣô죿
ڲԭҲûá˿ص
ᵽĸʨ֮ġܡ˿ջߣͷŵ棬̧צƮĲݼ⣬צŲݼ⣬Ȳݼ̧צӡ
·ϸ˿˺ܶ࣬Ϳ˵ûĻģ뿪ʨȺǰ̹ϣʧŭֻһ˲䣬侲ˡ
̴ʺܸߣԸ˿кܶ㣬ûȷԼǰϻζڣֻ껨ϵζչѺ̬ȡ
ǡ˿̰ѽ㶼һ飬չֻ̡
˿СĴСֱܶпչˣ˿ܷģҪȥԼ¡
صʨȺʱqǻûһ·qŪʪ·Ѿˣһ֣ںϻµĸʨǶ˿뿪Ѿ֪ߴŵȡ
ͨͨε
ϵԣĸʨԶԶţûǰֱqȋqޱ
qֻĸʨﶼһֻСʨӡɯȻûȫãȥӭǣޱ̷ڲݵϣɯᣬİζ
ѲأôֻСʨӡ
ޱͣںͱʨȺı߽紦񵽵ģӺĸʨûߣֱС
ĸʨٻҧԼ̣ԭûеԴ㹻ĸʨƽֻͣҲĸʨ̰лȋqޱһԣ˺ܾҲûĸʨҡ
ĸʨȥˣҲпܳˡq֮˵ֻǱʨȺĸʨ̣Ѳؼˡ
ûõĸʨ̱أڱʨȺڣһֻˡ
ȋq²⣬ǲǱĸʨܵ˱Ķ﹥ʧ£̷ֿˡ
۷Ŀԣqע⵽ڵгûʨӻԱȹζΪצӰʨ̣Ϻ
qȴ̻ʨȺǴﲻȫ
ޱϸ˵ֻ̣󾱱ĸʨֹͣ˺УСʨӲڲݵϣȥĸʨĸ£֪Ƕˣڵϣʨ̡̳
˵̱ޱŷڲǸ£ţ΢ţޱñӶ˶һ̾Ϣǻˡ
ҿͻȻޱָ߲ǿʨ̵Ƥë
ޱվᵽǵδɢqζ
ҵСޱ岻ôʣֻϣԼŮĪαͽȥ
һȦĪƽɺŶڣӦȥˣޱԷġ
˵Ѿʧ£ȡůϣʣ˵СʨǱĸʨģҪ𣿡
qߣעĶѾھˣҪװģһ䣬qȻ
Ц£ë䲻ֻû˺Ҫһԡ
qͷһξԼûϢЦһ£泩ϸ£ºӱ߷£¶Ļӡ󣬶ִ
Цͺá
qļιǳ£Ƿqпûqûԭӡ
ˣľͺá
Сʨϻůһ㣬ͷ˶СʨӷڲǸ£òúȰСʨӸס¶ȡ
СʨӲϱҧĸѪʱ̫ܻܲԼ
ĨϵԸðɡ
ʨȺȋqûһĸʨأüûˡ
ȋq̽ͦԵģq˵ֻСʨǱʨȺģͱʨȺгģֻĸʨǣңȋqȷʵüûεʹĸʨɵġ
ʵҡҡͷʾԼ֪
ȷʵ֪˺ûٻ
ȋqĵȫ෴ʨȺͿʨȺڣǻ᲻ᡭ
ȻվԼһʼû뵽ӻһȼŵ֦ϱqվҵҪߣ
ȋq絽ǰס
Ŀ¶ôǸˣҪȥ
ֻȥǣq΢ɲɿĸʨǺܻ飬ġ
غܴȥң۵ġ
˲ô࣬Ҳ֪ʨȺͱʨȺڣһˣҺ
ȋqҡһȋqһ
ȋqԼղǣq취
qҧס½ǣǣȥʨȺı߽硣
ĸʨڲԭ϶زأq˽
ȥʨȺʨȺʨӲ𣿡ͷĸΡ
q˵ᣬδڳ£һ׵ͷ
ǵʨȺܵĴĸʨǲ׽ҲԳԣǴڽʳȵӡ
˹ѾˣĬĬ߿צӵѪ˿Ⱥܽţ˿˵
ȣӦҰɡ˿ڵ¶Ƥǰצʨ档
ȱܿ˿ɵΪ˿ˣһˣ
˿ſãһ˫ȣ˵ģά˺ͱʨȺͷʨˣ֣ǿ϶򲻹ȥҿʨȺqɡ
ϴǺĲǺܺ𡣡
˵q̫ãϴӦδػӦ
㣬ΪҲ֪С˼
˿죬֪ҡ
ˡ˵
˹ϽȥֹצӻӴ˿
ߣһ࣬ԵĻͷˡ
˹Ⱥ˿м䣬ȣʵֺ֧ͿʨȺľ
Ǿʨٴ֡
ʨĿռǵأĸʨһǡ
ʨȺȿʨȺʨҪ࣬ǣԻʧܡ
˹û˽ġ
˹βͶ˼£ϣС
õĺܡȺݺ˹һۡ
⣬ԭһǴû࣬һ棬һһ׹ע
ˣǰɡ
ͿʨȺ˸޹أԼȥ˦˦βͣ뿪ͷʧʨӡ
˹õɣ̫ģ˿˹Ҫ㡣
˹˿˵ģҪԼ취qˡ
˿⣬ˡ
׼һȥq
һ̫򵥣˹ǵúܶ࣬ȻȰѽ˵Ȩ˹һҪá
ǰԴ쵽˹Աߣҿ԰㡣
ĸʨߵѪûɾ˹ƽľáǿ԰æ
˵ʨȺ¡
߰
תߣ룬˲˳˹ûɱֻʨβһʵʩӿµı
ϣҲǺʨȺĸʨ죬ִյ˹ģҺһȥq
һάҧ
аβ
ͨͨҧԽ˵Խ˹侲ļʨάˣʨȺһһҧ㲻һ𡣡
Ŀǰβ˹һ̵ǣ˦˦β߿
ǻع񣬺æ
Ӧ˹ĮıӰ
ȰʨȺһжðˣǻҪûqʵ֣˻õ
˹˿жǿأ˹˵һ£˭Ҳ
˹˻ᣬȥţǺһ뿪
ĿǵıӰȣ˹qʧ
˵ɹʧܣԭкܶ࣬ҲġͿ־С
Ķ˵˿θˣԼࡣ
ܼͬܲһ
˹ƹ֮һĲԭĺԻٶţȥֻʨʬѾʳɾһڵİۣһ
ǺϤԸ´˿˹߽·һ̣Ƿ¶ԹΪͬһĿŬ
߽˳һƮС
Ƕ˹˿˹ǰ濪·
˹ߴˣֱߡں溰˹ɹִķ
һͷʪĸʨһӲϣϵ˿ںܶ࣬ˮݾ˷ףûѪɫ۾ţ﷢͵ɳƵİС
ĸڿʧȥ̡
˹ͣ½Ų˿˵ʨȺĸʨ
˿˵񡣡
ϴ˿򿴳ʨȺĸʨԲᵥȥĳ£ͷĸʨûͬ顣
ڵϰеĸʨƴۣǰİĸʨ׺ݡ
׵˿һ£˹ߣǿʨȺĸʨɡ
ҪҼʱ䡣


67
һͷ˵İĸʨ˹ӸӾʨȺأŪ˹뿪
ʨȺֻţ˿ȷʲôʱȥ˹ҪųлвʨȺķա
˹ݴĸʨǰĸʨͺͫʷŴ̧βĴ澯ʾ˹Ҫ˹ǿ׳ѹȸнڵϵĸʨţҲ˺㡣
ң
˹ʹܳأĸʨŵ˺Ļ
˿ûٴߴ˹˹ٷԣƶ˵ĸʨ
ҽҵʨȺǱʨȺڴ˵˹˿ɨһȦ׺ݵĹĴβҲֹͣˡ
ˮ̫ϰʵѾûκˣ˹˿򲻹ûͬԣҲȥһ˿ϣڿ˵ĸʨϡ
ǻûĸʨ˵ڱʨȺǶʱ˼˿򿴵ûϢӣ̲ס˵ںʲôվ
˿ߣǹŲӻش𣬡ûں¡ֻʨȺʶķӦ
ɱһǰβͰɵģͷʨڱʨȺҲԱʨȺԶ֮
˹˿ǵĶ죬ĸʨԱʨȺôڿʨȺأ
ӱʨȺƬҪԽʨȺأ˹ʵǱʨȺĸʨģ
٣˱ǡ
ʨβάˡ
ɱ̣ұƵ˹뵽̣︡ʹࡣ
ԼܻŻصʨȺˣ뵽βϾɱصʨȺװ£ƭʨȺĸʨ޲ҧԴ
õĴ˹𾪡
ʨͬʨȺĸʨٻᷢܿ£ͬһʨȺʨɱ̣Ҫ
鳯ŸӵķչΪҲֻ׷ɱǣæβʲôʱ򹥻㡣
ûӡ󣬰˹һʨȺģ졣
Ի󣬰βٴʲô⡣
ǣǿ԰ȥʨȺҵ˵顣
ҿҪ̻ʨȺڱͿʨȺı߽˰βǣβװ뿪ʵڸȻҪҧҺ̣ʨȺ˱Сʨ˺ܶ࣬ʨʱΪβҪɱǵ̣ܿӰ͵Ļצ˺ҧˣǲֹҪСʨӵҪġ
βܰڱʨȺϺܶ꣬һĺܶԣĸʨΪһֻ۱һֻۣĸʨ²ǵ̣βĸʨǵŽᣬҲӲ˵ʲô
Ϸ
Ψһĵģǰβ⣬ʨȺΣա
ߵľ˹ȣ˹˼Ƭ̣˵Ϊʨ£Լĸʨ˵á
УʨȺ̫Զˣ߲ȥûֱ˵״ܲãĸʨǿԿ
˹˵һᾡ㣬Ҫ֡
˵ĶԣʨβܣҲΪġܡ
΢΢̧ͷһ˿âû´ĻԡʨȺ
˹ϣʨάѾ뿪ʨȺȴʨȺֻ
ںͰβˣβġܡܺйأҲóѡ
׼ȥҿʨȺˣԴ㡣
ôڵҪʳ˹ı·ߣΪ׽˿׷ȥ˹ұҪ̸̸
ȥqͷĸʨܿΪǵļƻ
˺q̸ȥʨȺҵмĸʨתĻ
˹ͽ˿ͣ˿򣬺˵ˣ֪᲻ţղ˵ڿʨȺͱʨȺı߽ʨҲ˵ڿʨȺά˰βά˵ԸܼǳֻʨĿ겻ֹʨȺ
鴮ȷʵ˿˼Ľȥ˿̾Ϣһɡ
˹ǰ˼ͷ˿˵˿ҲΪãϾڿʨȺڡ
ǵºǻ˵Сʨͦ˶ԺҹĸʨΧֻСʨߣǵδҪǻʨȺɡ
̶ֻڵĿʨȺ˵ѣѵǺʱȻ̵֪Ž̻ȥ
ſɲͬĸʨˣֻ̣ʨȺĸʨỳǡ̤뱴ʨȺػδ֪Σա
ſ˵ģqĵģСʨӳںܹ죬qʱ侭̫࣬ÿÿſܵˣﰵԼԲٴ⣬̴ʨȺĸͬ飬ͻȥҪľʱ䡣
q˵̫Կˡ
ȋq˵ǾͰСʨôСһ㣬ǲԼ˭Ǻһ󣬳ΪʨȺһԱ
һͬһ뷴ԣȻ۲qĸʨչ̡
ûвǵۣһԣŪűĶ
һɫ飬һ£ᷢ⡣
qߣֻϣĴųֻ֣ڻĵûźţô
qദƴںϣЩڡ
֪q⣬ͻزǰˣȴƳĬںӱ˵Ҫҽͣʲô
û㡣q˵Ϊ˰ѰſɯȴҴӦĸʨԶ˺ʨȺĸʨ
ǵأҲռ죬ʨȺĽûκ塣
Ǵڸ˿أ˿˹˿ʨȺĸʨûκκøУˣҲҪǽˡ
ûи߹ңӦʨȺԶ˺ǡüңѾ뿪ȥˡ
ǣҶҲûк˵ʵqеģҺʨȺΪһ뿪
ҵ顣վ˵ȻΪΪʲôߡ
ҧ˿˹ʨȺŸ𡣡
qӣĿqҡͷ˵˿뿪ˣʼգûҪ뿪
˿ʲôϵؿ£˽ҳϣأҳ𡣡
㣬类ԵĹͷʣűҪҡ
ȥıӰ飬qԭȻҲĲᣬȋq뿪׷˼q׷ˣǶ˽뿪
ȋqɻ󣬡q˵Ļ
˿̾ıӰqУ룬һѣ󰮣뿪ľģ׷ȥʲô
뿪ɣԺ󲻱ټ
ȋqȲqĻش˵׷һߣ׳¡
qδȋqͷqqһϣ񱻸ˡ
ȋq׷Уqи£ĸʨ˵ֻСʨι͵ǵĵطȻ뿪
ĸʨûд̻ȥʨȺҡ
˵ǣôҵ̺ܲװɡ
qĿ䵽ֻϣҪǵˡ
ȋqҪȥʨȺأ㲻øҡһȰ˵ȋq뿪塱ȱߣ̽ͷ̽Դȋq
֪ȋq˵ҴȥȻ·ġ
򴽣㡱
ԭ𡣡ȋq죬Ը˵ҾԸˡ
Ҳȸ˿
˵ʲô㣬Ҳԡ
иҵͬ·ģһȥ˵꣬ȋqʨ𣬾һƬǰֻܳСɿȋqβЦһ¡
·𣿡
һһͷʨӣʵʵûµġ
ߵٶȺȲʨӣһЪһᣬһֱϣ·̻ûһ룬ȋq塱ҵطϢȋqۣҹȥʨȺضУͬҹϢ
塱ʵָȋqſһԣԶӣqˣ
СûС
ͬΪı
ȋq²Ǻûצ¶䣬qҪĵºܶࡣ
ζһЦС
q£ȋq֪ˣqĵ¶
Ҳûʲô˵ģԺˡ
ȋqʣǸ˿ͻȻ뿪ԭ򣬿Ը𡣡
ʧҧͷɫСӰһƬģƭ
򵥼֣¡
˵ʧӶ໹ǲ죬ȋq˻Žӻ𡣡
ûлûй⣬ҹĸצ˵á
Сȋqû塣
ˣȋqĬ
ϲȋq仰õϣžϷ˭˼˭֪
˸ûʱһֱûг֣βһԣͷߣ۲ż
صʨȺǰβάڵϹ˼ȦϵѪζĸʨζûзֲԾĸʨҲûз֡
ڵȵĽż˵飬βżҲѡλʨȺ̫Զˡ
Ťͷβһ̹Ȼ
˵ҿȥҲСһߵ̫ˡ
Ҳã÷Ʊȥ
βȥʨȺ߽һңϲڰĵط̡
Ļ̫ˡ԰β˵ͬʱһ˿ɻ
ڹǡβԶԶŵά뿪ĸʨȺ
ĸʨǵӰά˷ſ˵βǵļƻܳɹɣĸʨúŪ
βһۣ飬Ͳᱻ֡
취ʨȺı߽磬ֻӦ͸ˡ
ﲻ̫άˣֻʨȻܵǰ˵ʨȺ·ϣһֻĸʨֻ̣Ҫҵĸʨ
ά˵Ļʾһȥġ
ҵ˼ҿԴȥά˹۲ɶά˦˦βͣëҷɡ
Ͱβһά˹ֻĸʨڱ߽һȦﲻͷʱͿʨȺĽ紦ҵĲݵػĦĺۼҶմѪԷ򶷡
Сڵζſ죬Ĵӡ
ƱȻڷʣôˣôˣ
άװɲ֪飬Ƴ紦СʨӰƴǳߵССӰǡСʨӣ
ƱȺܹȥ﷢ңûάˣûעάƵĲһ㲻Сʨӵ
һֻϵζңĲȾһɫ΢ûֻ̾ᵽζİʨӵζϵ׷ʲô
ά˵𣬡˳㿴һ̣£βҧ˵̻û
ܿ췴Ӧά˼˵һǱʨȺĸʨѲʱˣʨȺأʨȺС
ָ̹ڽ紦δ̧ԷƱ˵ƱȣȥҼ
峿ʪδɢķ˿۽ճ˪ȥȋqĴ¼ǰߡ
ȋqĻܶ࣬żӦ
ÿ߹һطȋq˵طȥĳʨȺܻ๷Ա
Ƭʯɽûȥȥ˿ء
˿˿Ʋ֡
ȋqͣסתһ£˵𶯡
ҰȮĽ
Яֱ
ķܳҰȮеɫӰۼǿҰȮȺ
ȋqƣַ𣬴Աҡ
սǶ㣬ҡ
ϴΣɱͬ顣
ȋqͣţݵָŵ硣
ͬ޵ֱĥ͸˿ͨͨ๷ޱ𣬽ˣ๷ȺĴ๷λãòɿֹһ뿪ˣû뵽ࡣ
ߵʨӺԲֻһֻ׼Զ١
ȻסǣϿܡȋqҰȮĵͺ
ֻҰȮʨӵͱҰȮϲ٣ҲѴͻΧȥ
ǿȋqˣqҵ鷳һŴҰȮ
ȳȋqצֱâҰȮĶ£ٴӰͳܾûˣһŵһŵĴȻԶҪġ
ֻǳҰȮǻӶ£ҰȮϺˣûϵвģӱ͵Ϯ˵첲˦ҰȮϡ
ҰȮȺһ˲䷢İУû¿أѭȥһ֧ҵļҰȮͣļÿֻҲѣĸʨĹ﷢ƵĽҰȮָܵһµҰȮҧĲ뿪
Ÿ˿ȋqƵƵͷûв
ҰȮɾβˣŵķΧûʼͽˣҰȮ˿βͼ⶯˶ĬĬ뿪
˿
˿ûлͷƺֻΪ˽ҰȮҰȮˣûҪ
ҧȥ׷ΪʲôҪܵ˺ʱ֣Ϊʲô
ֱ˿ʧУһ۶ûлͷ


68
׷ϸ˿˫ַϥȱ٣ؿңɤﴭƷ䣬ںţŬѹͷ
ҰȮ·ȋqʱ֣˵һֱߣֻǲԸⱻ֡
˿С뿪Ϊ͸˿׾Ѳټ档
һһ뿪ƽĥ͸˿ġ
ȋqıߣû˵ȴǹɹڱϣůڵģֱ̧ͷűա
߰ɡ̾
ղŵСûӰ쵽ȥ˿ȋq͵ûм
˼ȋq£ǸȋqʨȺء
Ҳ˵ġȋq˿æҰȮʨȺʱûв
Ȼ˿Դ֣̫
ЦЦ
ȋqӿŲߵǰ棬ڷ̫࣬ҺҸ㣬û㵥
ղûѾ뿪ĸ˿ΪʲôֳڿʨȺأȋqڸ˿˲䣬Ǽٵġ
Ϊ˿ҰȮ὾û뵽˿ˣ׷׷ϡ
ȋqĿù˿ܣԸ˿ֵı֣ȋq̫Ȼˣֲ˿ʲô⣿
ԭĶͦġԳˡ
ûۣڲԭܲĶﲶ׽
翴
˿ûܣҲҧĲӡ
ûע˸˿ȋqɫȱߵָ΢΢
ûԭǰʲôģȋqתƻ⡣
£ִּϱӵ£һ¶ѡ
˼гºȋq˵ȋqЦԭҲȥԭĵط
˵⣬룬ܻȥǲǴŲԭĶҲԴԽ᣿
뷨ãԼλݣҵĸʨȣʸЩ
ȋqԸֱˬ˵ֱӣȥ󷽷Ӵ˼̹ϡ
飬ͦɵġ
һ߹ԭżȋqչ¶Цձ̫ҪĿ˿ֻйӰӸ࣬һܲԭ˵ϴ
ԼҪں˿վϲͱĶһ
Σ˿ö֪ͣѡǸ˿Լµľٱƭһξ̫ɵˡ
ȥʨȺ·;ԤƵҪԶӱȡ׸ͷϣԼ
Ǹ˿İɫ䣬ҵļ֮գ΢죬Ѷ
ȋqҲȣɢȣڹľУֻ¶Ⱥβ͡ʨ˵ĥΣȋqȥɣ֪ǰߴ־ͿԵʨȺء
ʨȺҸҪ㡣
ȋqӹľдȥ
ʨȺqڣõġ
ȿˮ˵ϸ룬ڿʨȺصСʨ̫ɺϣǲʲôı
ôãǵӰӶûԭոգÿˣǾòԭҪ족ˡ
ȋqӹľһİۣûµģqԽ
qäĿݣﵹˮĨֱϣݵˬq㣬
ԣңҵȻ
ڸ˿رҧԸӦҪ󡣡ȋqᣬʱĻٴðʶֱĦ
ȋq˵᲻ø˿ȥɣȥʨȺأҾͻȥ
ȋq
ȋq˵Һq˵ҪʨȺʨȺĺܲġ
˿һ뿪ܻ㣬ͦġ
Ȼ᲻ãȥɣѻ˵ͺˡ
ļȥһ㣬ȋqƭأ϶ٿҡ
ܣ뿴ﻹȋqװģ
˵˿
һ̹̹áȋqצ죬ڲݵϲ˲䣬Ƴ
Ļδ䣬Ũܵ۽εӰס
͸˿ƭȋqĻҪ
㲻ȥֻüˡȋqЦġ
޻˵̧
ƤɹḶ́ȋq֫ĥȥѲһ£ֹҰȮĶͻϮ
Ȱ͵ĿĵأҪq˵̫飬ȋqţΧ
ʨӵëɫͿݻƵĲݼӽϸ׺Եȋq࿴ۣߵͷĸʨͽӽһ̲ͣ
ĸʨ룬ȋq׳ʵצ׼ߡ
ȋqĺ׺óУ첽ȋqڵķ
ȋqĺ׺ݵľ棬˿ǵٶ˿ôĸʨȿ˱Ӱ˿ʲôˣſצӳȥ
ںֹι˿ô˵꣬Ҳ׷ȥ
˿򺰵ּˡ
˴Ȼôġ
˿ܿȋqĻצֱֱȋqûӦҲӹ
ڼ˼ҹˣ˿ûվˣ˵˿ͣҪյĳ嶯˼Ҫ
ȻҲĳ֣˿ôˣ
Ҳ˿
ǡʵϵ׼ȥʨȺ
˿Ȼ̧ͷϲһһȥʨȺҪ𣿡
ðɣҹ͸˿/ˡ˿ߵԽܸ˿ҲԽҰɡ
޷˿˼·˿һԼ߼˼ά
Ʃ磬ֻ˵һҪȥʨȺɽ
ɵڳֵ˵ǣ⼸ȥˣҲ㡣
ĸʨǺۼһǽ飬˵˹ӱʨȺĸʨʨȺʨҧֻ̣ȋq͵վ
Ҳ뵽qʨȺֻ̣û뵽ʵԭȻͬʨȺʨɵĻ¡
ֻûæ˵ǱqȻˡ
£ĸʨӦúܸˡǵͷ˹Ϊչûһ
ȋqqдĴ⣬δǵĻԾĵط
ʨβûȫҧӵʨȺأĸʨΪԼģϸΪڸζ
ȋqصǱҪȥˡ
áûгɣʨȺͿʨȺ˵ʨȺȥĸʨȲŻ㡣
ȋqȻȥǽ˿ߡ
˿ȣûڣ򴽣ӵķ˿õȋqܳȥԶˣӣ˿򣬿·ҡ
ҾҪ˿ɤ㺦ˡ
ʨȺΪqˣרעڽˡ
Һרע˿ЦȻھ͡ԡ㡣
԰ѻ˵˿򣬱˷ʱ䡣
ϲͬԣԭϵĸʨܶ࣬ҵʵġ
˿ͰΪ˵Щźÿ˾ܾʲô
ƫϲ˷ʱ䡣˿ִֵں˵ЩڣҶ˵ˣ˿ķڣһֱһ𡣡
ϲ˿ҿԲںһλþС
ʨӵĹʶ֪q˿ĳǰ˼ʴӣ˿˵ĸ鲻һǷһ㣬ֻһ
԰Ϊ˿ˣ˭֪˿򿪿ڵǸҰɡ
˿ûߣ㡰ԡˣ
Ҫϲˡ
˿ֲ౻ҰȮ˵µǳǳ̺ۣ롣
ĺֱϣûСԡңҡԡ
Ұˡ
˿ܽ/䣬ֻԸ˿
˿סʼ쵽ϣһͷԱȲԭɬ˿øζ
ûбʨȺ·ߣʨȺ˿һȥɬֻһˣٴμ˿ˣ˼ݡ
ݵվʱյĽʵߣ˿ԣԤ뵽ôû棬ϣ϶ᷢ仯ı仯˿ֹ
ԭɬ˿ȵõһ䵭̧˿򼹱飬ɬͳȻܲһ
ˣ˵ĸֻܸһ˿ôܽܡ
󰮵ġ˿ġ
ϲ˿ĻܾңתͷͿʨȺĸʨˡ
ȴ˵ֻܸһֻԸ˿ҲſʨȺĸʨûκ뷨
еģҲҪС
˿ˣ˿ˮһֵñá
ˣܽһһ뿪Ҳ
˿ǲǸ˿ܲˣˣ
ҵȻԡ
û뿪ʱһֲܿûź
ȻΪȻ˿˵Ļео仰˵ĺãʱ֣ϣ
˿ʵֻҪ֣Ŀֺܺõõֻܸ㡣
ĸǳռϧ
޷뿪Է
¶ͷЦ£Լˡ
˿Ļ˼˿ĸ鲻ġ
˿ˣ޷뿪Էһһظð˿ڳǰҾš
ǺãŰɣˡ
˿վԭأıӰڣΣ˿ԼԼһ⡣
ʨצһ˿סԭķŸȵĳζϤģվ£˿ûۻĻɫƤëһ۱ϳµĻʵ֣˿һƬհס
ͷƽţ꣬Ӱӡ
֪ӰӡĴڣһĻɧ˿ðɣ˿ϣȲ˻˿ĸ档
˿İĿ䵽˿ϣ˿׽˵ǶԵġ
š
ʾԣû˿˼߰ɡ
ȋqǿԲ߲ʱϻʨȺУһһȥôԶľƣ˫ְĦСȣƣ
ͣ£Ҳͣ¡
˿Ŀڸ˿϶أ˿ûбֵ߳ܡ
ҹĻĺϣֿ⣬ͷ³˯ȥ
˿ʱ䵽ͷĺţ˿һҹһӵҹ˫һɨա
̾֡
˯еëȶ£˿Ӧ˯ŵԵĲˣ˿򿴵ԣ޳һ㣬ܳûзʱ̣˵ա
ԼԺﳩ룬һ糿Ľɫ˫Ͷֹס˿ԽԽ͵
㰡˿˿ƽкûбײƵľȣҲ˯࿴ۣ
͵͵ߣָʺ㡣˿Ц
Զ㡣˿
㲻ҳǰҿ𡣡˿βʹֱϣβϵëֱۣδѣֱϵһȡ
˿ǰ˼ιβ׹ʱҧ˿
ڣ˿Ҽʶ±Ļж
ܼŭ˿Ļ᲻࣬˿ԣ˿ҰѣͲͣ
һ뵽˿ճһĳ˿ܡ

Ķ˿˵
ֿ죬߸ĸʨȋq˿򣬻֮ǰһﶼǡ
Լ뿪ûиӰ죬ҰȮ֣Ƿϣټ
ǿĻҲϲߣΣʱ֡
Ҳö£ֱ˿óѡ
һϲȥ²


69
ҹĲԭ¶Ƚϰ½٣ûлȡů˫ֻסֱۣü΢΢˯Ҳȡ
ΰʱ߳Լ˿˵˿ں˭˵
Ϥૣ񡭡˿
ᣬԶ˵ȫ˿򼹱סβʹֱϻ䡣
˿ͫ׷ŴЩɬͷã׹˿ĻʲôͷĸʨͲðѿߵĶﶼܡ
ұΪ¡˿ָ˴ݣβͼһӶΪκζͣ˵仰ʱ˿ס壬˿ֻܿüۣüһǳǳ塣
ദˣᷢǵǳǳʱŻ֡
˯ʱΪʲôա
ૺ֣˿ļƽ˿˵ĻҲڰԼǣؼң뿪ûκĲԭ
˿˵ȷʵҲû˵
ֹڸ˿ϣ˿ԺҲõ
޹ˡ
˿˿ܲסԼߣȻأ˿˵һͨռʮĻʵ
Ҫ顣
˿˼üĵۼЩ
૵ĻŪĵ˿ŬάűɣҺ˵ҲںֻںڵĿ֣ΪͣѹҪˡ
˿Цһҵſ
Ҫļ󣬻ŵֱչ۽޲˿תҪȥ˼˿򣬡УϢõ¡
˿󣬡Ųǲõ£˵û
ӦģǸ˿ȥӰ
˿β˦ˣȥӺ濴ܲˬԹ죬ۣܾ˿˵
̧˿ļ˿˵ˣ컹ûԼ˯
ŵְ˰󲱾Χģֻ˿Ź⣬˻ᣬҺں˭˵
˿˻˵ˡ
㣬ֻһܺ˭˵
ǣϣ˭֣
ں󲱾ϵֶס˵ҳֻþˡ
˯ȫʧˣվ·ɡ
˿ʨȺۼĺϻ£ǺȋqҲڣʨȺĸʨۼһ˿߹
˿縺źq˵ʹڸ˿صĶԹʱ׵һԣ˿СǰqǿԼĿƵ˿ϡ
ͣפԭأԶԶǡ
q˿򺰵ͦأӵqʮֻĸʨͶĲѺߡ
Ǻ˵ˡqҴӦʨȺˡ
û뵽ô˳˿һԵǡ
q˼βͰĿ²ֹʨȺȱһصβĴµ棬ʨȺͷĸʨˣҪʨȺĹѡ
ҪˣѡʨȺõģǺо顣
ʨȺĽǣܸι̣˿֪ʨȺ˵ĺأֻҪ߶˹ᾡ
ĸʨụ̂˿ʣŵֻأ
ǿɲС
q˵Ѿͻԭĵط
˿Բˣͻȥˣ
ʨȺĸʨһΪҧɱӡ
û֮ǰ£ҸȋqʨȺѾͻȥҲûáҲͦϧġ
ܲܰһ˿ɨſʨȺĸʨǣʨݺǣȥ𣿡
𼤶ʨӡ
ҼʨȺĸʨһͷǵʨӣʨ׾ӵļıţڰһûκ塣qʨȺ׳ģçײ˿ܳȡ
˿qƺΪʨӣǿޣڷqо飬ĸʨǣ϶ṥʨȺǺǽ˸֮Ů裬ưĸһĳƺٻȥ
q˿ûκѪԵϵƺqΪ̣˵ʹ
˿Ž̲ģȋqͷ˭̡
ʨȺǺˣȥ㣬ñʨȺĸʨβάˣܰʨȺĸʨȫҧ
ȋqqȋq˵껰󣬲ֹʨȺˣҲǵͬ飬˵
˿ûq˵ˡ
qߵ˿ߣ˿򱳶qϣһԭΪʨȺУΪˡ
ָ˭˿Ǻ˵ϣպͿʨȺˣqһֱԸ⡣
ԭϱˣ˿ͬq̡
qصüųЦңҲûһλá
ˣôӦԱʨȺ
ǴӼҵѰӰһŹֵĶǰ濴ֲˣ֦ܹȥĶģ
һ֦֦ڷ죬̧ȻҳƳǣĸʨл˷ܡ
˷Դ־齨һȱҪǿʨȺ˵ʨȺ޹أȴزȥʨȺˣҪԿǱʨȺʨβǸղͶ˵ˣ˿q԰βά
룬ͷʨɣҲܱˡ
Һܿġڵϣ̾
óʵô
q˵װ֪ʨ£ʨȺѲء
ʨȺ̣飬ȥͣñʨȺĸʨġ
˵άѾܻˣβͰ
ʨǣȥĸʨȡ
ȥʨȺʣ˹˿򶼲ڣĸʨȵĻƢãᱻߣҧҲܿܡ
ֵó黺ŻˣȴʨҪ
Ҿqֵֹ֮ġǷצſһ¡
㶼û˵Ҳû˵qôԲĸʨûʺһ䡣
ҪұҲûڿʨȺ̫áÿȣСϵ˿ڽ˰ɫ裬ģ˺ܳʱ·Ҳûѿ
һԭɡɵúõģqͻȻϵһ֪¡
ػصʨû˿ķڽˣ
룬òᱻqҧˡ
סǵ󣬵Ȼҽ/䣬Ҿܾ
ŴͣҪ뿵ʨȺqĪռֺ
һΪ赭дƭҡqֻ˲ʨȺ˵ԭо޷ܣû͸˿˵ʵıģ˿ûһҧĲѾܿƣҰȮ·ʱ
Ǹ˿ءʵΪǸ˿ĸʨˡ
뿪ˣ㲻ڵʱ˺ܶ¡
㬵Ҳû뵽qĲգ̾Ϣĸʨǰʲôãֻóں˿
Ҫ־͹q˿ֵʱ̫ˣֲ̿ʱǸ˿ΪڲԭϾ͸ߵĸʨһС
ġؼҡ󣬸˿ô졣󲿷ֶǶһҪ󲻸ߣһʱͽ˿ŲֻͬҪҳĶ
֪ҪؼҡÿһΣ˿뿪ľӰ
Ȼأ
Ȼ˵ƭ뿪ˡ˫Һּܻ˿߳
ǻq˿򣬶˿ﵽ塣
ǿľĪ͸˿ϲ˵¡
ֱǣʵϵңҲҪ˵Ӹ鷽ˣû̹ϡ
˿ҲСǽһ䡣
Ҳϲ߽һ䡣
𲻳ϣҹ۲͸˿ܾˣ㿴ʱ˿ȫͬ˿Ըţ˵֮װס
٣װ촽ܡ
û˵ԼС
ֻСǵĶתȦǻצС˲䱻ȼա
𽥴ãüᶨ׸˿ҪʲôӦˣ֮ڵزȥ޹ء
ٳٶۣҲϲ˿֪ʲôʱʼġԼϲһֻʵȽܸ˿Įס
ֻҪֻҪ˿һγǰ
˿
̧q˿һ
qȋq˵ܳʱûнʳȥ׽òá˿Դļ·ļͷҧһ£ϲҧԼǳԲϱġ
ãһ
ֻһСӣŲסq˵漴Ǹ
˵ĶԣҪʨȺˡ
q̬ȣԭԵƽϡ
˿°ʹļϣ֧Ųסһ棬бqװôֱˬѹƭʨȺ
˿ʨĺ̫ܽˣƿ˿Թ
˵ΪҡվϵĻҳԼȥʳ
ߵ˿Ͻ׷ȥ
qվԭĿǣҲǣȥҲãŤͷqqɫįڲºǺÿ
ڲԭƶĪŲԭĴ˵ܰ齨һȱǿʨȺȻ齨ķʽһҲǳɹˡ
ޱȿ϶Լ۹⡣
qˣٿҲġ
ʨȺˣʲôqͲµqԸǻᣬҲǳԷ˵ףǲʨȺ
ǣ˺ôͲҪ˵׻ʧȥ
qԶˣǲŷӦ˵ʲô໽Уˣ㻹ǷҪھҪõһ
q䶯˶ûǲĸȥҪʨȺ죬Ƕҵġ
ܾҲûãˡǿqƽʨ˵뿪ʨȺҲǰֹҼ뿵ʨȺ
ԣҲԡqʾǿǰղźĻĸʨվɵĸʨɢţ˵󻰵ǣŶ
Ƕһ£qqǵܴǣʨȺĸʨԺġ
ǲǰΪЩĸʨĿ¶׹⣬߲ˣʱǲŷֿʨȺĸʨô¡
ķڷqԲǱº͡
ӲƣȲǼƽϡת뿪ԽԽ죬ܵģõĸʨ׷
ſҡҡͷĵСq뿵ʨȺ𡣡ſ˽qq³ŵ
ͦġq£צӡ
ųǻƻ
õġqЦ˵Ļ˵ҡ
ʨȺ͸˿͵ġ
ȥ׷ѾԶȥ˿˿ƽǵĵ
˿򼷿ǣȥ˯𡣡
ƵһߣӦȥ˯
Сı˿ߡ
˿˿򲻷Ϊ
棬Ҷҡ
û˿Ļעǰʲô
צܹȥֻ󼦱ϲӷڲݵϣצ͸󼦣ͷᡣ
Ǹ˿ζ
Ǿˣܣûп˿żֻȥñ˭һĿȻ
϶Ǹġ
Ǻܲ⣬˵˿뿪˿׽ֻ͵͵֣һ
󼦣㶣ǹ۲ɫٵģһ˿ġ͵͵˿ûȡ
˿Ҫˣ˿װ˯ܵǰţ쿪ʼĬỊֻ̆˭׽
տĲԭ˿ӰӶʮ֡Ҫ
Ѱɫԣ˵ԡ
󼦣Ҫˣ˵꣬ҧһֻ󼦵
˿ɵˣֵġ
԰ɡ
µ󼦣˿Ʋǲǡ
죬ԼȥҸ˿˿ӮˣѾܳȥԶϿȥ
˿뱻֣صĺأܼĲݼ⿴ռϷ磬˿ת̤ˮˢĸɺȥ
ȥĽŲҪ٣ȻҲĲݼѰٻӰܼѡ
֣˿ͷһۣûͣҪĺУ˿ȻŵͼڲڲҶ£ͫʾۼǰһʨȺϣֻʨףǰ濪·ë·ڡ
źŰֻǿ׳ĸʨڣʨĴ£ʨȺۼĽϻȥ
˿צڵ٣ʨȺߵ·߻
ûԥ˿ŲҶڵضѸٳʨȺķ򿿽
ȼҶ϶лɱĮĽѾֻа׾룬ڼСʱ˿ӵԾצڵϴһ
ͻȻðĻñʨȺĶλңʨϡ


70
ʮһͷʨɵʨȺһĲʹ涼𶯣ͷʨļþƸ췭ظ
ͱȲʨӣĸʨù˵󣬸˿ǲһͷܴʮͷʨӣʨӵ߶˿෴ķȥ
ά˿ݷο޵ĸ˿ԥ׷ȥ
ĸʨ˿˵ڵϣϱצӻ˿ڣ̧ͷ췢һ𣬺Ѳ
ȥ׷˿ĸʨżβǺһͷ˷ʱ䣬üǿʨȺĸʨ̣ʨŬ
ӦʨʨȺĸʨ˺Ƭ
βһ񣬰ˣ׷ϼ˻˿ĵ
ͿʨȺˣһǣǴ뿵ʨȺأʱ䣡
ĸʨŭĻʱסһ£ѵҪŹС˶Լ˵ʲôҪҧ˿ǣȻ˻ûֻټ
Լ˵ܴ衣
˿ʨȺ㻹ûɱ𡣡
Ťͷ˰һۣͷʨʨȺĶͣ׷˿Ĳ˵ͦԣҪǽʨȺ
Ҳðʱ˷ڻϡ˵仰ֳ︡Ц⣬ûע⵽۵׵ӡ
ĸʨȥ׷ĸʨȻߣطʨӣβػӶβ͡
ⲻǸ˿ҪĽʨȺǰһͻᷢ˿ͣ»ͷԶȥʨȺάĸʨһɱ˿
ĸʨͻȻ׷ˣά˻ʧ˿̿˿վԭţάӿϱĿС
ĸʨߣܽƻҽҵʨȺȰҧ
Ƕֲ࣬¡
άˣҪǰˣۡǿӲ˵Ҳǰβ
ά˱һ٣ȥеĲޣͰβһ
˿ԭ΢˼Ƭ̣ӱ·ƹʨȺʨȥ
Զ·ʱ࣬˿ϵĴʯ飬ܵĲȶϵϵĲݸ
ʨȺʨӴԶС𽥱˫Ҹ˿˿򿴵ͬѰһĻʶģѸȥǣãȻʱ侲ȥqʨȺˡ
˴Լʮͷʨӡ
ſ죬˿ߴϿȥҿɲ𡣡
ǻŻſأ
һᱣϿȥ˿qĸʨ
˿˵ĻеҧʨȺȥ˿ߣסԼȱҸ˿ˣһܽ¡
ʨȺʮͷʨӣ·ϡ
Ҳû뵽ô졣˿ŰգѾǻȥ֪ͨqˣңǶ
ʨӵǶԶ̬׽߳ȻʨȺ룬˿ѾźһС
Ϻȣͷ˿Ļ
˿εڲͻȻԴסģ˵治㡣
ûи˿öá
ҶҲ档˿ŵϲ˲䡣
˿һڸΣգ֣˿򲻻лġ
ԣ˵Щ˿˳Ƥë£˿һᣬǿԼٳԣҧסָָڣܡ
ǵȲʨӣ˿ѡһ鰼ȥĻ£ȥ̫ɹ˷裬ǼͶ϶ð㺹飬շźΡ
ֱ˲ڿ˿˵ıʨȺʨӣĺԶòĸʨʨԣͷʨʣµȫĸʨ
ѹ˿򼱳ʨȺϱʨȺȫûʤ㡣
ʣʨȺʨȫ𣿡
˿ſߣøһʮһֻʨӣûУ˴󲿷֡
һôͷʨӣȻֻǴ󲿷֣
ǵĿˣҪ齨ȱǿʨȺܲס
˿Ӻ﷢һЦЦģʨȺȷʵʵ
qҲȲϡ
û˿q˵ʨȺҧĸֵܽãͦµġ
ҪǰβͰɵġ˿˵˵ĸʨǵĸ׻ʨȺԸβҧ
βǵһιĸʨˡԺأϾһദôݡ
˿򿴵ĺ͸ĸʨһʨȺһӣʨһܿᱻ滻ǶĸʨûжģһжΪԼ˵˵ţ˿ǰ֧֫űʨȺ
ôˣŵ
άˡ˿򷢺ݵϧ˹ڣȻ㿴ôҧ

ıٶȻȥ֪ͨq̧ͣצܵõõɢȣqԼ˼ȋq˵ĸʨ̶ֹֻĸʨϻ˺ǡ
ֻһĸʨqξȥһ²ԭĲпš
ȋqܵģqʨʨȺʮֻʨӣմӦʨȺˣ޷ظϹǲռơ
ܸqοĸʨΪǹĸʨ̣Ҳûá
Ͽ뿪ȥҺʵĵطغãһǡ
ɯԸȋqĺȿ߶һͷĸʨȥҲñʨȺɵһ֡
qΪɯŮ㲻κΣգӦˣɯһ䣬κβʣӲš
Ǵ·qͷĸʨȥӭսܿͱʨȺ棬qվǰ棬Ŀʨάˡ
⣬ȫ¡
ά˻ͷһռƵıʨȺqͷqʨȺĶﻹֻСʨӡ
ҵʲôq΢΢˵
βװˣʧǲǸɵġ
ֻСʨȫʨȺζq²̫ϸ
Ҳ˵ʲôq˵ҵͬѲؿֻ̣һֻˣİǴιǣǲڶȴǹĸʨΰβ˵𡣡
ά˼qԵ޹ʣô̡
ûҧ˵ɾǡ
q뿴ǲʨôġ
ˣֲ˵Ӱβߵǰά˳Աӿһ
ĸʨqq̹Ȼӣһᣬ˵˵β˵ֻȷʵʨȺζʨȺͿʨȺĽ紦д򶷵ĺۼѪ
ҺѲǸɵġ
ΪҴʨˡβά˳ͷӣqӿ϶ԼĲȷġ
̲סβͰά˾ǿʨȺɵġ
ĿͶǣĸ׳ĺ񣬼βͶ˶
ʨҲʧûʹȥ
Ҹ㣬Ǽǰ͵͵ʨȺأҪʲôҲֻһ֪ҧҡ
һʰβ˵Ķ𣿡
βһ˵ѣ
ĸʨʲô취ûбĶ￴βš
ֱ˵ҪҵţҲͰά˸ɵĺ¡
βĻһ˲ܿ˵ĸʨǣܰѰ
Ҳǣڲԭ޳ܡƮƮ仰ǵĻòš
޳ܶΪ˭ǲӰĻ˵û˵ʵɣƵˮһĲˡ
ôܻš
צӶʱսϸһ£ˮˡ
û
ݵĳĬע⵽ˣ΢΢ô˵ˡ
ĸʨ˵ˮʨȺͱʨĽ紦ֻ˹ӣ˹Ҳҵʬ塣źˣתƸղͻȻĳĬ
ά˺ͰβȻǽŵģڳۿˮܻ
βе㼱ˣ˷ʱ䣬ϿΪ𡣡
ԽɣȵβʨȺһԱҵҪ
װ˰ǸɵĺҶ֪
ǶԼ˵㣬ҪֻʨĻϧ˵ĺأ˹չ
˵ˡά˵ʨȺͿʨȺˣһ˺
滵㡣ŭҪȥάһצӣɯס
һԲûβ˼ʨȺĸʨq˵㿴СʨӲϵɫɣдûŵζӦά˵ˣڿʨȺ
ҧǣͻȥ
ά˵ģȫţһǷ𡣡
򲻵ѣqһֱϲܣʤΣʨȺĸʨҲˣ˻һϵе飬òʧ
ϱʵǿʨȺqϣܺᣬȻάҲ֪ڿʨȺֻĸʨصʱ򣬸ٴһػ
qĽʹȷʵɻûȫŰβĻ
˵ţ˭֤ǡ
ʶѰqæҪۼ֤
һֱ˵ţqû˵
qҲ޷ȷ˵Ǽ٣˵ŵ£ϣ
ҿ֤˿ҴҸݺݶάˡ
ά˿˿򣬺ҪĻʨȺĸʨһġ
˿Լ˵ۼţ˵βά˴ӿʨȺػСʨӡ
ıһ̺ۣû˵ɡ
һʨȺʨצݣıȫצۣ˺ܾõˮʨȺһֱˮ嵽ʨȺء
˵ά˿㱻Իͷ￵ʨȺ˵ѣ
ұ죡˿ŭˣȮ¶߶ͫСάˡ
άˣʨȺĸʨܻβԹ˲Ͼû˼
βẰ֣ʲôҪ˺
ڴǵĻǲһʨȺġ
ѹŭͷŰ㣬ȴ˺ʨȺĸʨ
֪ҵϰߣҪΪʨȺǱĻᡣ
ǵʨȺֻΪŪࡣ
Ҫ־͹̫żˣβ
β侲һ¡
ô侲˺ʨȺĸʨ
ҶΪʨȺáβʨȺأǺʨȺˣвǡ
qǵҲ̫ˣҴûռ챴ʨȺء
ɵĻʨȺ˦
ΪʨȺԼƽβˣĸʨͬŭ档
ǹһƽβڳˡ
ҺСʨӵû
ҧٻʨȺ
һۣûпǣβά˴ʨȺҾͲ㡣
βͼأʨȺô꣬ٸҴλᣬֻСʨӶû£ҷģԺҾԲӦģǼصһצӣŭ𣬰βһצĵͷͣײĸʨܡ
һצʾĸʨԹββױʨȺҲȥˣ˺ʨȺĸʨ˼ĵߣβʼά˵ĻԼôǱȺĸʨɱ
ľòȥά˶˿׷ͷʨʸ֮ġ
qǻȥ𣿡
qʹάˣûеάˣάϴδֻǳʨأֺͰβҪݺǣĸʨΣʨȺضᶷһ
ȥ˿ҧάˣȻ˻취ٵʨȺq΢
ĸʨ׷ӦͣʨȺĶţתΪֻʨΧˣβŭάˣΪ㣡
ά֪ڽӣҲ̰βˣʨ𣬡Ϊͣ
˵꣬άײβûվȣĸʨȺά˿ղķܣ˿ˣȥ׷ģ
ܱ߻ͷqң
ĺά뵽һԣղ˿һͷʨӹǱ߸
࣬һҲڣ
ά˿ϣƴǰܣѾԺҧĲвĸʨĳˡ
צץؿڣѪƤ⣬Ӧĸʨצӣע⵽ά˱ٶȣæԱֻĸʨΧµİβάˡ
βѾˣĻ˼˵ҧʹɵڵ˦ƱҧĺȣβȱƱҧãһȳһȥ׷άˡ
ҲѿµѪĲݵأʨȺĸʨɫڻҳĶߣͲһδļҪǵ
ˣ
ĸʨʨĻս˫ֳŵ̽ͷʨάӴӰ滹˿˿ͷʨ

ҧϽӱóȥҲûãӵվֱֱάˡ
ǰӰά֪Լ¶ˣһ˫סƣܲάˣֻܷһˡ
ܰﵽʨȺãҲἫάˡ
ʨԽԽ׼ʱȥάҧסɫгıĥķۣά˰Ѻɫ˦ԶԶģҲٳԵڶο
һ۱ӵúԶĵܣάȥצĵıڵϣǻŷơ
ۿάҪҧĲ˿򺰵
˿Ӻ󷽳ٶȿ쵽˿ǰһɫߣֱֱײάˣάʹһڵϷ¡


71
ʱ٣q΢΢Ŵ죬ȻΪһĻԾ
˿˿ֲ֣⣬һ̣м˿ĳ֡
ά˹һмͳӵϵĻҳŸ˿
ÿζΪ
״סڵϣŵ棬˿ֻһۣȷû£άˡ
ʨǰ֫Էצ˫ĺúԶԶ˿ά󣬴Ӻ湥ά˱ʱ赲˿͸˿ĹάϺܿ˺ۣİβͰࡣ
άһȥвĸʨĸʨû׷˿͸˿ڶԸάˣӻϷߣ˫
ڰע£סַСϣҵķ˿ӵӳ
ıӺ۽һ˿ڣѪ
ǵƤ¶Ȯݺѳ¶۾ɵúܴһ
ʸԭ룬ûзצӺݣƤһҧͿԴơ
ͷʵ벻ά˾ȻϳԹ
ҵⱻƮڱס
ε⧲ôΣյʱ
֪һ紵ıϣӽʨĿհ߳˹άˣͷʨҲԡ
ֻ˿ĸʨı
뵽˿Ĺ͵ģڵסֱĵѡ
ά˺͸˿ע⵽ʨ£άҲ˲ѾͰβ˺ƤǹͬĿǻȥ˿Ҫȥά˷Ϊ赲˿
ά˵ӣҧĲﾭ£ҧĸʨıͺƽĲûҧ·ʹң˦Ũܵëܿ챻Ѫһһơ
ĻڱεȫѪ˦˦ü𡣡
ͣ˦ԴʶĶڸܵάʹˣһ²ʹкĺѡ
СˡɳɤβȳȲŰµѪë
ɶ񣡡β˾䣬ʨӣܱ𣬲ܡ
ά˦ĵʮԶõָǣųݻͬʱӵվ
ĸʨϳʨȺζܰɡԴ̼ǣתǵע
ά˺˵ʲôôĻûк˵qܾ뿵ʨȺ߳ŭֻ˵ʨһֿʨȺأʧˡ
ǱƭˣǱʨȺƶȥӽ
ҪǣһȰҧ
άһЩ԰βͰû˵ֻʨһʨȺβͰŤͷάˡ
ά˺һģžȥץ
βγѣƴȫλãβѪģĺȺͰһźצץͷʨͷ㹻Ӱס
ּſմǵס
ˡ
ľսͷʨѹ壬ڵϣץסʨҲҲ
Ҫֹͣˣ亹һһˮĶͷϣġ
ؿھĴɫףﱻȥʨذ£ʨ巢һԣβܵеҴܣ޷վȣҡҡλ뿪
Ŀˮ﷢ĵԽ㣬ԽѵŴͷŵĵ㹻ʨ֫Ҳ粻
ȥصѹСϣ˱۾ںǺq嵽ߣڶˡ
ʸɬɤӣءоСȺͽҪˡ
Īҧסĺ󳶣ʨȺĸʨqοһ¡ͷʨ׷£϶ˣֱ۱ʨӵݻ˼ӡ
üͷĺܽŬϰʨԴ
һֱϵ˿ڻѪqֹס𶯣
ʨȺĸʨȫӿҡҡλҪܵİββʹĺڵأĸʨһѷȥʨƤⱻ˺ѵ
ѹСϵʨҲĹǽ춯ƺһӰѵմĿˮ
ڰƤëϲˮæû£
ְڲݵŬվǵߣݵĴʹ½
qǼȺͽţɿûˡ
ĸ첲ˡq¶ۡ
ֱϵ˿ں֪ģһۣȻ˾û¡
q̧û˵ʲô
ǶŻ赹İĥĥ쳯Ϻݺҧȥ
ʨȺĸʨմѪǰβʬ壬ϱ˺ҧѪܵûһõƤë
ǰ
Ŀ˵ÿǵġ
ǲ⣬ƺ˵ҲǷҵ
Ʊ濴ڿʨȺĸʨ֮ܡ
¶ԣл˿ʨȺ˿򡣷Ʊ˷ˣĵĲԭµԡ
̫ԣŹ⣬q˦˦βͣ·Ҫˡ
ƱȵצȵǰצqĲˬһص΢Ц֡
ɲעֻĸʨȺͽŶû£Ҫȥ˿
q³ͼ㻹ǱȥˣСά˵㡣
άˣôŭ
˿͸˿Ѿһˣά˻ܳסβͰ״άԻˡ
űά˦ĵŪôңͣĸʨǣҲά˻뿪Ļ˼̫࣬ϲ顣
Ը˿Ҳв
qΪԼȰˣֱ뿪õͷ紵
qҲȥɱά˰ɡ˵
ҳǰqӣȥɡ
ά˿ʼĸʨΧ¹ӲˣβͰ඼㲻ĸʨź⣬ά˿ʼ˿򣬡˿ҴˣԺҲ֣߰ɡ
˿άˣ濴㡣
˿צӺȫά˵ëѪ⣬̧צ˦˦˦ȥȳζ
˿ҷģ뿪ʨȺûһԲʨȺ¡
͵ûֻñʨȥ
ԼٵҪ
ά˵˿򣬲Ҫ˵˵Ķġ
˿˵˾䣬𡣡
ά˵ǡ
άˣΪ˭Ļ˿ɫҵԴ˲Ż㡣
ֻǳʨǰʱҪռʨȺġ
һ㶼޹
ϧ˹ڣûҧ㡣˿ƽάˣԸq˵Һά˵£ǲҪ͡
ɯ֪ʨȺά˺ж𣬲Ҫ͵㡣
Ƿϻϣ˿վһûгŵ棬ܸܵԼϵĿ⡣
Ȱ⻹Ҫ̡
ά˲ʵȴУ棬ֻи˿һͷάΪ˿ûܰɱ˿ںɯִ˭ҧάˣάצ˿ķ壬˿Ͷȫ¶
˿Ծǰצץסά˵ļȮά˵ĺάܣѾľŸ˿ƶǰ֫ڵϣܵĵͺ
ȥ˿ˣ˿ɯӦһҧסά˵ļһҧסά˵ĺȣڡ
ά˶ˣԴһԣš
˿ɿݣһάĿӣȷʵţֻҪţҧҵԴҲûʵ֡
ʨʨȺĸʨά˵ʬ壬ĸʨȫȥ˺ҧʨʬ巢йŭ⣬ȥʨѪζͺĵѹڲԭϷ
Ҫû£ʨҲ˿ĬĬ˳
ٸ뿪Ļᣬͬѹͬĳƽſ˫ִֵڸ˿ǰ
˿Ѹ̧һֱۣ۵˿ͣһ£˿ڵѪУ˿βͼζ£û˵
ңңⲻߡ
˿ƺͷԼӲ˵ÿ
ĿķǵõӣЦЦҲá˶٣ֵߣطҪߡ
˿̧ЦĲãµСбÿЦʱҪ˿ƽЦһЩ
һᣬ˿˵תߡ
۾ղö˿Ȼ֪С˼α˵ء
߬סβͣĵݵ˿βϡ˿Ťû߬ŵβͼΪһֱ˦ţ֣
šִΪʲôҪң
ǲ᲻ҡ
˿
ĺܸˡ
˿⼸˺ܶ࣬˵𡣡μ˿Բٴ
˵ƭ㣬ҳϣûȫ˵ʵڲԭĴ˵ԭĵط˵ûǰҸûš
ǻ˵˼и飬ȴȫԶиΣǰڲԭϵ࣬νͶĹϵҲǽǶ֪ڲԭȫʧ
šؼҡһʼԭҾ롰ؼҡڲԭ̫ѣȥ㣬ϵã취ȥ
ûȫ̹ϣΪҡؼҡ޹أʱҵ뷨ǣǶӣ˭֪淢ô¡
˵Ļ˺ܾãǹҶ㣬ʵҰ롰ؼҡ뷨һʼ͸㣬Ҳҵġ
ҵ˼̫ˡ
ҲΪ
˿ζβͼͣסٸҴλ𡣡
ֳĶڳĸʨǷ׷׿ֻǲĿ⣬ֻרעŸ˿
㲻ö˵Щ˿һؼҡ
˵κ飬Ҷ㣬ʵҵĳŵҲʳԡ
ܻؼҵĻһɶͺá
֣Ҫˡ
򴽣˿Ǳ͸ģε˭˭
㡣
˿ٺȥҪؼң㻹ô
ҪǾҶ£ҿԲӴԺǰ֡
˵ղ˵ôĵĻ˿ȫ
˿ߵѪ˿Ҫߣ߰ɡ
Ǻ˵
˿´ǣ˿ôˣΪ˵
˿Ҳ㿴ϲ˿ϲ׷ţӦߡ
ìܣȥͷۡϳ̾Ϣһ
ƾʲôҪߡ˿˺ά˵һֻ䣬ֲԶһзֿ졣
Сһһֵ˿϶Һܷ
ҪҵĻǣ֤ҵĸ顣
һֱӱܣΪ˺Ͷﲻһҵ˼Ű壬ԭϵĶҰҺޡ
ϲ㣬һ𡣡˵仰ӦΪĻ
ɴС˿ȴ෴
ľȻɨӹĸʨʮͷĸʨ֤ĸס
£ԭһΡ
˿ʧq飬ƽ˿δоԲж˵Ļš
ңؼң˿Ҫ£α˵ֻԼ
֪ˣ㲻ҰԸġ
˿ֱϵ˿ڣˣȥһ°ɡ
һᣬ˼̻˿ģʪķ紵¶ֱۣɿ˿β͡
˿΢΢ԴβסĵȶȣǰߣСϲ㣬һ/ǡ
Ҳ֪ܻܲȥҲ֪жܻȥڲԭʱжþãؼҿԴ㣬һصҵʱֻҪԸ⡣
˵ÿһ춼ϧҲϧһʱ⣬Ҳȥδֻϧڡ
˿ԸͻͷԸ뿪
ĸʨ˵ЩΪԼ߳ܣ˵ֻ˿Ĵ𰸣ͨͨں
˵Ļ˵͸⼸ܵĵطͱһ㡣
ƱȱĻ𾪵̫˼ˡ
򻨱˿󰮣
ݷƱȵõϢǲѾһ𣿹ȻԭϢҪԼۿ
ƽʱͷԭ߰鶼΢΢ʧ͸˿ƱԴײ¼Ȥ
ƽ졣
ƱֺǺǵģӴǲĸʨˡųԹϵһһ۲˿q˿Ե飬q㣬ܿԼ̬
ɯͷ˲qq˼ͷ
裬ġɯο
qգգҪ˵ᣬں죬ʵû˵ڡ
ôʱ̡
ƱȣʨӶڵȴ˿ѡ
סʨŭڱӵһߣΪ˸˿ѡŽš


72
ĸʨ˿վôûΪĻ
˺ܾã˿ûлͷҲû뿪ļѾԤϵԼĸ飬Ҳûź
һԼƽûʲôã֪ѡ񣬸˿ллôࡣ
һȦʨʬҲ̶ã£ݼմȾѪð죬ĺһơ
ȶ˶Ҫ뿪ֲ֪ȥڵϵı߹ȥ
ȥָ΢ȥմĲмɫ֭ȾȥİۣĲ˲䣬
ǰеģʧȥˡ
жѱϣһֱͣϸ壬õ⡣
Ҳˡ˵
ȥģһڱ
ʶش𣬡ȥðһ֣͵ػͷ˿ϢβͼҰڶ
ǲ뱻֣ȫûߡ
ıӷᣬ˿ﺬЦָڵڱǼϣʹɤɬ⣬ʲô˼
ɿŸ˿ǹ񱻽ˮĲ񣬸㲻š
Ǹ˼˿
ôãʣĸ˼װ׸ҡ
˿ԿȦĺۺ͸ƯϵˮĤĿ
ĺܶ࣬иʹ࣬ڶ˵ģĺһֱڲԭ˿û뵽һҲᡣ
ﲻ½ǶΪᣬķʽкܶ࣬˿ķʽڵõ˻Ӧ
ıˣ˿ͣղ˵Ļĵģ
ͷ
/ʲô˼˿ʵ
еɬȫܵЦˣβ˵ǷҶ¡
˿һԼµˣ˵оܲһ
ϲң/һ𡣡˿ظƭҰɡ
ҡͷ
˿ҾڵһжҵΡϸŲ
һºܸߣʱ˿ƽ£§סĲţëƫӲϺܲȴĲϡ
˿ëĳʪζŲΡ
§ס˻һԲĽ֡
عգգ紵ĸɬ۾ʨȺһƬףͻ
üȥˡ
˶Ʊϣʲô
ôˣ
ƱȰ̾Į
񻨱󰮣𣿡
ǷƱȣֻصҸ೶һ顣
ƱȵѰ
㿴ʨȺqʨȺ˿򣬶ϲ࣬ΪʨȺ䣬㲻ϲ̫Ⱥ
ĴԻ𡣡ҾбҪϳʨȺһʱ䣬ļѡʨȺ̫̹÷ƱȵĴҲ˻ˡ
ƱȲŲżðϳʨȺƤҿЦġ
һҲЦӱһ
˿򡣡˿˵ͷӵƯƤëĸʨնĺ
ȥ
˿飬㿴𡣡
ҵۡ
ſڵϣĬĬ̾
ӿ˿ͷȥ׷˿֫ܵġ
Ҫ۶áͷҲ֣ȥͬտȥҲԡ
˿п̬治á
Ϊ˹ʱȲƽϡ˿վ߰ɡ
·qʱ˿ͬȰҲ뿪ɡ
ȷʵûıҪ
qĸʨˣΣƺĸʨȺ߶ʣȥ͸˿ʣֻʨʬ忴һȦһǵĲ״뿪
ĸʨǶˣȴʨͺ£ʨʬԣʨӵʬͦģ๷һĶٸϹͺյĴ͡
ͺ쳤ȥҧʨӵ⣬˿ƻǵ˵Ļټ鲻ãȺͺճķй
ʨȺĸʨһֻʨȺƱȥͣԭɻ˿ڽʳͺգȺһ˺ܾһϸĲӽʵĺۼ
˿һצסһͺڵĳϣ˿˺ҧǵĲӣͺսûͺռƲȳߡ
˿һҧֻͺգ°ͺͲϵëȾͺյѪͺյʬ屩˦ɣһ㡣
Żع˿򣬵䶶˶Ʊιҧͺգǳά˵ʬ壿
ͺա˿
ܿ˿ֿˣ˿һ㣬β
𣿡˿ʵ
˿ɱͺյ̬Ưɣ㿴ôԡ
ЦãֻǺ档
ʲôɺģɱͺձȲԼ򵥡˿Ȼ
֪ļ氼͹İ̺ۣ۵ˡ
˿Ƥëһ˼£ۡ˵ֱۣѪζŨ
β۾ϣβͷʱıǼ⣬˿ǰβûнڴϣĽǶȿȥԸеĲ˼顣
Ѳᡣ
Ұ⣬/βԶͺպʨʬ壬ĳֱµĻֵڲԭˣϰ˶Ұϰԡ
壬뵽˿ϲβͻǶ䣬˴𰸣һβ͡
һŴؿھ˿ͷĿڣܿ졣
˿β£ܿ졣
֪ʣЦЦִס˿βͣβͱ߬ϰˣ˿ûɫ̧˵ֱۣѪ档
ס˿˵
ԭҪ˿ڡ
Ķӷȣʪ綼𲻵߳ܣ߰ʲôء
˿ѧ׾˿ڣȫңûб㡣
ʲôԼ
ˣͷʨֻץҵֱۣҲΪһ⣬˿Խ⡣
ֱĥĥ˿أĿǺ𡣡
޷ȥԺ󲻻ټ档
˿֪Ҳ¡
˵ˣܻȥ취ߡ
Ҫ뿪ԭȥһ᲻Ӧ
֣ЦҲߡ
һʱ޽⣬ûĸʨȣνĻؼҶõĲϣղûѡھҪҪһȥ
˿ʵϵͷЦˣϲ
˿ΪĹӦϲ˿濼ǡԴοܻݵĸ棬˿Ҳͬ
ÿһ𡣡˿һָ
˵һ֣áӼᶨޱȣ˿ȥҲ̧۽ǺգҺܿġ
ص·ҽ㣬ҰٿչˣҿԻ㡣
˵żʧܣżҪʲô˵˺ܶ࣬£кܶû
̫ˣôԸ⡣
˿ΪԼĻ࣬ãֻҪôС
૵ĪԽԭҲԭϷŪҵϵۻ߷棬㡣
ϵ۷˭˿Ͼģʶȫ촽ϵꡣ
ø˿ļ۾ͫʶסƮ۾˱һ¡
˿͵Ǻȫܱȣ˿ݲȵһε׽ĳɾ͸лҪǿ
Ӳţȫƾ
Ũܵĳм䣬˿βͶȥȫ֡
ҲɬԸ˿ˣ˱´ֿ꣬˵Ĵģ¶׳ݣɵɵ˾䣬ˡ
ǺЩ/컵뷨ʧˣ֮ǰ͸˿ѸĶˣ̹ϸ飬ӵһǣӵ
˿һ뿪ĴŹ⡣
˾䣬𣿡ҿ꣬ٺú˵ỰһϳƱʺ͸˿ûļ죬ȥʲôˡ
˿Ϊ˵ڵϣ˫ְ࣬βʹϣһѹסȡ
ͫʷŴ󣬷˿һˮߣƳһΪصĿռ䡣
ֱܲ꣬ģ¡˼ֹͣҲưôͻȻ¡
˿չּǿĹԣС˵ɡ
Ȼᡣ˿ɤƣٴȥĺܼѧء
۾˿һᣬ۾ˮģӴĲλȵģ۾ийȫ촽ϡ
˿Ժ߰ģ̫ܽˡ
־ôġ
ѧϰǿϢˣһ˿ˣĸ˿˳һѡ
˿뿪һ׵ľ룬ô
ţ
˿˻ᣬ˵ʲôҲЦˡ
̾ϢһֹסĲѹˣһᡣ
Ӵʵڲȥ͸˿뿪
ˮĽٳˢԭĻҳѪȣ棬µĿʼԭϵⳡʱܳ£̧ͷסҶµˮ
˿Ӻ§סļ࣬
ˮʹԭޣΧ壬ֻ͸˿·ĩ
˿Ҫز˼ң𡣡
Ц£ᡣ
ֻҪ㲻ұȲ϶
˿˵ĻĲྱҧһڣĳͷ
ͣˣȥʨȺĸʨȡ˿˵
ȣһż
ҲΪҵʱ䡣˿ϵζůůġ
Ҫҳϡ˿ԥһ£ԼҪ
㲻ҳϡûȷϵʱҲûкͱĶʲô
˿ֱǷüۼƽͣ΢΢˿˿ǣqȋqƺֹô࣬ȥ˿Լо
̫ϲģڻҲûаȫС
ҪȥʨȺ˿뵽˿ļ֣ɫü˶
ʣңûϲģ
˿ĮûС
ӣһᣬȻЦԣһ̫ˡ
˿ЦĻͦᣬֻס°͹̶˾ƿǿΪ̶ֳȫΥԸ񣬡㲻ס
ҿζ⡣԰תˮżҶеķ϶͸˿ͷϣռ㣬Һܺ㣬ʨҧ๷̫ˣ߸ҶԻ֪
˿ǳ鶯һ£ûдĻ˵ȥһֱ㿪ţ˭֪Ҫ׷ܡ
ҷ㲻˺ңңصһʯͷ
ʱ飬ô˵̫סһ£塣
˿۽޷ϸĻȣ뵽ʼжΡ
άˣ̫ҰʱľȣҲΪʲôſھ˵Ǹ˿İ£
ָ̧࣬ĨȥΣҺܸˣǰ£һ
˵ûʱлΪʲôҪҡһƪ
˿˵ڣƻеɡ
򶨵ĸ˿赭д˵Ϊ뷨
Цͷڸ˿ļϣΪЦʶ
Լ˵ĸ˿ΣЦ˺ܾõҶϵڲסЦ
˿εôЦ𡣡
ڸ˿ļϣ£ʢǣ
˿΢ɢ˵㣬ưĳ£󣬡ɰ
˿̧۽ЦЪ˻ᣬ˵Ҿ̫ˣȻһô˺ҵĻ仰˴档
һִֻڸ˿ϣܵ˿͵͵ѱͦøֱΪܺͽ
ҧ촽סЦǰôûָ˿СͦģһͷڲԭײеĻԭ෴
϶Ҳֻ׽Ĳ֪ʵԸٿʵ
˵£̣ǻ˵ǰԭֹܻ࣬չ̣ףܡ
ɹˣദвŷ㲻ס
ҺûбĻϲ㡣̾һ䡣
˿ϲҲûãҲϲǡ
Ĵӡһڣ𡣡
˿ᶨͷ
Ժˡһˮ۽ϣˮһ㡣
Ȼ¶һӡЦŵģۺ顣
ֹۣͨ׵£˿ƽ˿qˣǵʱ䲻˷档
ĸʨǵıףѾ㹻֤ģ߸˿յķꡣ


73
˿βð˷ʱβɦա
ʪˮϣȣˬ˿ʪĳֵĺΣɢͷͣ𽥰ĳһԡ
꣬£˴ţκ¡ÿ߷żطڣûκζǣԲôõʱ䡣
ԼĳԾز٣ʪȵܲ///ʹԷ
һ׾ӵĽڣ𣬸˿
˿ƤҲܿɿڣˮ棬˳ʵݼϣɫǰ׿
˿ûİʾ˵䡣
ºܸߣȥȵġ
䣿˿ʡ
ЦˣķڽͲˡæʱӿɲ١
͸˿ĽչԾֱͨӵһͨһһ˵ʡ
ϰԲḶ́۲ġ
Ǹϲֱӱ
ʾ˿˿Ķһ飬治䡣
ᵽ˷ڣ˿Ȼ뵽Ǽڲݴϵĺۼɤӷɡ
δͺֿ˿ѹԼʱо˼
ţѾˣҲͦȥˡ˿˵
գգۣ˼۽մˮգʱеء
˿˫ȦסϢټ
Ļ֮𣬴֮Ҳ𲻵
̧ϸ¿˿üۣǹڵϣ˿ҪԸ˿ͷȫ򱳺ͻغϡ
۾ϰǰ̽ȥ
˿ǰݸ£׷ȥ
˱סĸоİһγˢ˿֪ͷƯľ¶ʪУš
ѷ̧ĲӺͷϣһΣ˿̲סӲĺ󾱺ͷ
ȶݵķӦȥ˿ԼŪ
ֻ˵ɤӶһһᣬֲҪ
ĴŬסĶ˿˫ַļϣԼ
ȫסֻںʱ
˿ƿշ죬ɫ񲼶ڻĺ֭
·ڵĿˮ˿ŵû°ɡ
¶һЦû¡
ҭˡ
ЦĺܴȴָȥߵĿˮů⣬˿Цͫ
ΧһȦˮֲ̧ۣ˲䣬˿ס󣬡Ҳ볢
зϲŸ˿ʧصӣ˿ͬرʱе㺦¡
˿ȡᡣһ˿ĲУһ㿹Ҷ䵽һ޺
ϵķͦ࣬˿ֵ⣬ͷŰɫڵͬλãĲһ
û𡣡˿ɻʣܿȣɡ
ֱ£Ȼ⿪˿ǰȻʡ
ѧıǼð㺹˿ֱ§϶ɿ㡣
Ҫաˡ
ѵø˿һǣɿֱۣ˳Ŀⶨһͫʧ
ڣʶеů˿ȤأҪо͸
ͻȻ˻һͷߣҧҡ
˿̧´ļȮݣȮûбôʹ
صѪ˵һᣬ˵˿ҿûеڶ
ôȮ˻˿Լû˿ڣ˿ġ
óԡ˿˵ûס
Ƥӵ°ȮջȥС˵һġ
ߣͰ͵ģҲûïܵͷ
ûҧҲӡӣ˿ſһᣬԼķȥۼ
ȵˣһۡ
뵽˿¶Ȯݣ뵽ʲô˫ס˿ſҿ
˿ҡҡͷſ
սǲе̡
˿鴹
˿㡱
Ҷᣬ
˿΢΢Ʋҡ
¶ˣŭһˮ֮ǰԸ˿ʱҲ⣬˿ϾǶʱƲס
ܾÿǷûС
ǡеˡ
˿°͸ļϣ˵ŵһΣԭҡ
ΣҲˡ
Ҳûı̾ðɡ
ӵţ˿ѴĴˮڵģȥֱ˿ڶߺ˵ҿԺ/𡣡
˵ҡ
һʱҲˡ
﷢Ÿ˿ͷ֣ñ˴˿֡
ݵرȲĴ̣ɲȥ͸˿Թš
˿ڿʵԼѧϰ֪ʶ˵ܻۡ
׼ȷʣצɡ
˿Ĭ
ֳ˵ǻء
˿äͬʱĴţ˿ãȻʲô
Լ˵ԣ侲˵ˡ
ûС˿ϸ΢Цҵܺá
һҪ̻ˡ
˿𡣡
üԡ˵꣬ϸ˿죬˿ɤ﷢ƵЦ
˿û֮ǰֻһΣԭϵĶܶˣǿԽڽȲ϶̬Բע⣬ܻᱻڲݴľҧ
ڲԭϣ̻˲ԭԣĲԭû࣬ˮ͵ƣİͽ̵ѧϰԺܿ죬ǶӣԽ̬ڲԭ
ڲԭǻָ˱ԣͨãԺëѪճöצӸݸ˫ֱóٶۣ˿Ҳˡ
ϲ˫ֵ֣ԼʱֱֱĴ³üģȴû㿪
Сһ㣬˿ܹ۲쵽ͣǰ𣬡Һܱ
˼ûУѾܰˡ˵꣬̾ڡܿࡱԼҪο˿
ⳡ̫ˡ
˿ܵѾ侲ûиõ顣
һΰɡ˿β͵ĺܡ
ͬ⣬¶ۣ˵ǣ˿סԼûצӣˣֶ׽ҶûгԵ
˿ֱȥʳ
лл
˿ζһ£Ҫ˵лл
ҸΪġ
ǣźܺϸ񡣡
뵽ղŵʧܣ˿ɥһ£ϸ񡣡
ۣһᣬû˿ֻ۾϶˿ɫ޵ıӰĲԭ
ѾСˣñתƸ˿עϰжȹ
ŬԼӦܣ˿ܻõˬ٣һֻˡ
˿뿪һᣬϵ˿ֱܰ۵˿ڻҩʱһۡ
רעԼ飬ѭŸ˿ζqҵ
꽵£ѵڸ˿ζˢһɶqʧȥ뿪ķֻȶ꣬Сһ㣬q˼ȥһһꡣ
ԭϵǺܶ࣬ͻأĹױ֣qѡһҵ
ٸʨȺˣqȥצµĲݸˮܵѹʪĽצ
ߵĺܽˣ֪ĵ
ǲ죬˵ֱָ۵ɴһᡣ
˿ڣqŵµζĴ꣬죬໥ϲ˫£ЩԶ
㲻㣿qʵ
ģȥȥʰɢڵϵĶ
񶼺ƽͣԼĺʧһ롣
ǰȥ룬Լգq˵ҹܲסԼȣˡ
лֱ˵qĵʨȺĸʨȥôԶ
͸˿ȥʨȺĸʨȰɡ
׷ȥǣһжˣȥʨȺܡ
Ҵȥĸʨȵԭ򡣡
ϣ˵ĸʨȵܴǰԭܻ֪
ͣһ£˵ѾʨȺˣ˺ᱻԭĶ￴𡣡
q︡Ц⣬ģҲɵ£֪Һ
˵취ܲ飬ĸʨ֪ĸ࣬Ҳ֪һ㣬ȫ㡣
q˵ǻǸ˿к𣿡
ϣ
ʹڼѰ񡭡
ҰȮȺ
ǡqǰסĵطڳϵأҰȮȺǲԭӴҰȮȺʨȺܺǶԿ
ҰȮӡãƽĦֲǳǳİ̺ۡ
qС۵ףûϽӴֻܴԱһ򵥡
ðմأ˿ɲҲ򲻹ҰȮȺ
qҰȮȺ̫ɤӣ˵Щҷ
ǣҡqЦ֪ĸ㣬Ϊؼҳһ
͵Ҳ뿴͸˿һǷֿ
ҪȥϵأȥʨȺңһȥ㣬͵æ˵ĸʨ
㣬˵Щ
͸qqܸӣԶ˵޷ȫɣأؼҵ£ĸʨҲûʲô
ҪȥϵأôΣգҲܰǳ
qôõˣڸ˿ϣʧǼٵģqҽһһο
͸˿һq˵ɣǧټưʨȺҲֲ˿֣ȥ·ֲġ
ѵȸ˿
ĸʨȻȥq׷ǣȷʵûʨȺˣҲõqͻȻʨȺա
qһ³ŵһûи˿ﵹӳӰ
ҲʨȺĸʨҲͬġ
ǾܾҲǷġ
Ҳ취÷ȥϵء
qûǷңҲҪġ
Ҳͬ⡣
뵽ϴε£Ĭһᣬ֮䲻ܵġ
ѾʶˡqתβʹţˮʪϵëȼžܾңȽ̸
q˵˾䣬ڴ˳ȡ
֪ʱ٣عŲƱ󣬸˿ˣһ֦ҷߡ
Ƥëմˮ˿ᵽqζժһҲҧ˿ڣĹĴݡ
˿ûᵽqζߣβһҡһڣҳꡣ
˿qղ˵
˿β;ٶġ
񶨣˵һͦҪ¡
ᵽһֻϵҰȮ˵ȺаֻԱǲԭҰȮȺ
ҰȮϸ˿֪ǵغ͸˿ظźڱ櫵ĵ̣˿ûкͻ˽⣬ȺҰȮǺͬʱֻ֣ҰȮΪСҲ㹻ԭ󲿷ֶ
Ȼ˿ûҰȮͻԭмкڱ櫵ţǵûصҰȮȺͺڱżĦϵ̫á
ʲô˿Ѵҵ֦һƣʾԡ
q˵ǰڲԭסĵطϵء

֧°ͣ˵ĺ棬ȥ̸
˵ǻȥʨȺ˿˵û˵޷жq˵Ǽ١
ͦ棬㾹Ȼû
˿һ񣬡һᵽζͣʱ䲻ζѾɢˡ
û˼Ҳġ
Цϸ˼£ģ
˿Уͷ򣬾ܾش⡣
أԵͷðɣ˵ҪʨȺҡ
˿˵
Ц⽥˿˼£ûϵˣҪ
ţҲܾˣҼ
ǡ˿䳰
ʹq˷ʱ䣬ֲסǰҴڸС
Եʣڵĸ죬ûлѣǺܿ˿ӱҵֵͲùԱʱ֮裬ֻĵûֵͲӦҲάֺܳʱ䣬򿪣³һ
ÿóһ˿ûõĶ˿ﶼΪܣһ˿޷ĵطԱ£ԭʲôûС
q˵ġ
˿ͣ˾ͳ
ûҪҪҵǣ
˿ңԼš
ĸʨƢãҺ棬Ȼ̧צӹ㡣
ס
˿գʪʪȵģҲŵģû£㡣
ûŵ㿴ǰ档
˿ȥĵطǵӰ֡
ĳֻβʱⱻš


74
ܼڹɴˮӣǾԼ̫ˣܸݹ
и˿ڣǳϵƤëܷˮˮϵζܣĲܲƤë˦ˮ
۾ڸ˿֮ؿţ˦ˮ˿צϣ˿ǻȻ̾Ǻþá
qҸͷˡ
ص
ߣհĸ첲Ȼܿڸ˿ζظǰŨԵͶ˿
˿յȫûк˼ӾĬĬԶ˵㡣
Ŭӵڸ˿ζ
û˵ʲôɣʵq˼ˣq˵ȥĸʨȣǲŷӦϽ
Ҳ͸˿ദ˵Ĵģø˿Ҳ
˵˺ܶࡣֵͲм䣬Ҹ߸˿ˣ˵̳ͣȥʨȺ
ɿ㡱Ŀڣȥ
Ƣã͸˿ȥһᱻܣҿɲһδ
ڲԭĶ˿һǰ棬ֻҪ˵˿Űɣ̤ʨȺأʨȺĸʨһ㣬ʱͲˡ
˿úǶ죬Ǹϲҡ
ǵĻ̫ģ˵˿ɱʨȺ̺һͷĸʨάȻˣĸʨҲ͸˿ĳ޲ά˵ʧ
˵Ķԣҡ
ĵĸҹɫס˿һᣬûֱ˵С
ңû˿ʨȺĳѾãά˻ûʱʨȺҪοڣ
˿£𼱣浽ʨȺ˵
ƳǣҲǡ
ǲӽ£˿̬ȫͬοԸ˿Ǿ档
ǴܲסԼ죬ס˵
һͷʨӣһֻ
ֱͣڻů͵Ƥë϶ɹһ
˿ţøëΪȡůָŸ˿Ͷ䣬˿ñӲģһֻʹè
ˬ͸˿˳һã˿βʹĲϣ˳󣬴
ƾۼ¹Ĳԭľ㣬Ѹ˿ΪװҲˣǰ֫쳤
߰ɣڲꡣ
ȥʨȺ·ҪɱͷʨĵطǵʬѾԵһ֣ˮһҹһθ
˿ϰΪͷҴҾԶƬطġ塱ƺմˮסʪʪӡӣһֱ˵ί
ࡰ塱Դ˼˵Ϊ뿪ˡ
塱˭ǸŻʨӣֻԶԶģʨӳȺܣ塱һнʧˣûһֱڸȣڵȵˡ
Ӱͳһҵݸ塱۷Źⱻá
죬֪ûߣѺӳ˶á
ӿʨȺصʨȺ֮벻̣;꣬ķѵʱҪ࣬·ǻ˷̵ıʨȺĸʨ
ǿϸµĸʨǣĸʨûж⣬봩ʨȺصʨȺأһɱֻʨĸʨԶĻĸʨ඼ӡ
βͰˣǶԱʨȺԹһ룬Ҳһ룬س̵ĸʨûмҲû˵ָ˿ȥǲܵġ
ǵڱĸʨǰ棬ԷƱΪ׵ĸʨͣ
٣ĸʨǣסǸƱĪ
ǻûûһ
Ʊ¶ɻ񣬡˵̫أվѣѵ֪
չˣʲô˿˹ѾȥˡƱᵽ˿ʱ
һ䣬ôء
ƱȵߵķҪӣȥʱСĵ㣬ŵܿµġ
ƱȵɢڱʨȺأʵռƣƱģģͣĺ˵仰ڴ˵ضˣˡ
ƹǣͻȻ˵Һĸ׵Ĺϵ
㲻ˣʨȺҡ
֪ģǰβͰɱǡ
ĸʨԶˣվԭû񣬡塱ǰǵβͣ˦ͷ㲻ˡ
塱صߣǶӱǻһ
ͷĸʨ˵Ļǣ뱴ʨȺ𣿡
Ǳ߱˵̫롣
ͦõģڡ
˵ĵʵ뷨Ҳ׷ʣԭİͬʡ
ǸߣԸ˿˵кܶ಻ĵط޷׽ʧܵľø˿һֱţ˿ǻܽᾭģȥʨȺԺﷴʾá
ԾԾԣȴҲᡣ
ǻϲ˵ϻ˿ƽϣƤ񣬰˵С֮⣬ǰ
ţڵ˹ӱߵ֡
ǻੲݺ죬˼ע⡣
ͷĸʨڽʳϢ
վѭķȥûҪһ
ֵļһ˿ͦģվǰԱߵ̬ĸʨ
ǣиĿͣ˼룬תǣҪӡ
һβͻμ¡
Ҳ޻˵Ʊڻ˵䡣
ȷǲκвصߣʣ˭
ĸʨǣ໨˿Ҫӡ
Ȼأûˣ
ѵصķƱȡ
ͬߣɲ٣ѷһж˵ˣҲû£ʨȺкúñϡ
пֵùˡ
ʨȺĸʨ̣ʨȺĸʨԼ˵ǷʨȺĶ顣
ָ飬ԣʹ
ڲԭ֣û˵ʱѾ뿪ʨȺҵط̣ȫ˽ͦࡣ
Ǽٵģȥۼһϧѣֻ÷
ôǹӸ
һ̬ȣΪʲôҪʡ
һۣ˶ԷΡ
뿪һᡣȻ˵
ͷĸʨڣĶĶصĲأǴ˳ӱߣԵʣˮλǲ١
Ź£ˮλᵽλã֮ǰʨȺۏһΣϴˮൽ
ˮԾˮˮλǣ˿ȷ᲻ˮºε棬ȷûΣλ
˦ȥϵˮ˿Ҫұ𣿡ʵĺ档
ǻڰ֣ҿԵġ
һ˵ˮȸɣǴҶȥ
˿һۡ
ιȥ塱ϽϽӡ
ȥǲˬ
§סĲӲ֣ˮˢ塱ֱۺǲͣвֱ԰ûаѺ˦
塱׷Ҫҧ
צӰס塱βͣ͸˿Ѿӵˡ
ˮʪ͸·ϣе䣬Ҫ·˫־ס°һЩסڳֻ۾ڶ
·˵תȥ𣿡
Ǳ塱סԼֻۣи˿ֱ
˵ôǶ㿴
˿ֱ£βͼţȻҿԿ
Ц£ʪ·мѵ߻δɵˮۣӱҳ·ΪĶʱʱ
ӱʶʲôŬסѿڶƺ
ᱻ
ֱ˸˿ı棬δɵˮֵۣסʱ˵ʡ
˿ʷǱ˿ʣⷺ죬ӦڱĶǰܵ顣
˺ˮŬס˵
˿ϣȵġ
ںȡ˿˿飬ͼûɵĺˮ
ǵĻˮȸɺòá˿ζˮζͳ
ɸ˿ǲǿˣѧ˵/顣
߳Ʋס˷ܣֶһ£ˮʪĿſ裬ºʪȣ˿ҧס³Ƕζ
ְס˵С
ᱻǷ֡
˿ıе
⣬մˮ䵽
˿ɿݣ򣬴¶ͷ
ϰɡ˿е˵
ʰú˿Ķ䣬ҽĺܡ
ǻͷ·Թʱó־ûб͵͵ʲôɡ
˿ͷǰ֫ϵˮ̧ǣܵúܿ
߹ȥᵽһ˵
ˡ˵
ˮڲԭĨȥµζǶ˿ζȽϤŬѰ˿µζչܻ
ƾζ̫ҵǣǴ˿ȥ֮ǰʨȺϲĵط
Ը˿˵Ҫһȥ
ȥȵβͶ
㻹뿪ɡ
˿עΧĶжð˺ǻԱ
Ի¡˿׽ԶݴһɫӰȫûע⵽дʱ⣬˵һͷʨӡʨȺܳʲô£
ò졣˿ͷԱϡ
ܲȥҺĸʨг𡣡
ˣ˵ˡеۣ˿ǵദģʽǰûвͬΨһõǣǼ˿ٶ㡣
һϲĻһǺܺõѣüģ˿Ҫҹȥ
˿ֻҪȺĸʨ˺㣬Ҳǰ
㡣
Ҳദʱ䲻ˡˡ
ļַһͿͷá
ҪűңҲ뿴ΪҶˡ
бһ۸˿װ
ļԲҵһʨȺĵطбʳɾĹǼܣ˵ĸʨͣ
Ǳ߱ߺʨʨȺע⣬пôأԼ϶Ҳǡ
˿ֱǺһ𣬻ҵġ
ʨļ϶һţΪ˵˹
ǼúԼλãʨӵԽԽ˿ͣһľԱߣùľڵסԼӰͷȥɣһ㡣
ˣǿڸ˿Ķһڡ
˿סˣСȻλԴġ
ûĸʨ˿֣һ·ܹ
ǵսľͷһ۰׺Ĺľԣ¸˿ܳ˿һ١
ˣ˿ܼղ˿ζҪΧ
˿򼤶Ӳָƽ
ʱ˿ʧȫЦҰѱʨȺߣͺ˹ʨȺѾͿʨȺ˵¡
û뵽ʨô죬ʨȺûˣqЦ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵ܣأ˹˵ҲеͿʨȺ˶кôʨȺûʨ᲻ͣܵţһ´βάһĵʨԺͿʨȺǡ
ˣ㲻ʶȰɣ˹ĸ˿͵͵˵һ䣬Ҫ㣬Ȼ㴳ء
˿еû˵˺ܶ࣬˵˿ȵġ
˿һ˵ͺܴˣԲȤ
Ҳͬ
εȥˡ
ܻ֪ǰڲԭϵ£ܻصԭĵط
˿ʯһ㣬㡭
Ҫȥ
˿ܲˣβͷ˦ţԸ˿˵Ļġ
Ը˿ף˿ܶ໰û˵ϲ˿һεĻؼңȥ˿ûϡ
롰ؼҡ˿͸˿һҪ¡
ǰ߻ԶֻҪڲԭ˿Լл˵צ
С˿ʶ˵
һԽӻ˵ʲôã˿û
˿ݺǣҵأʱܰҧ
²ӣܿ˿ڸţ˿óѣҧԡ
ˣˣȻǷһҪ󡣡
Ƿ㣬𣿡߽ҫĻ
˵İĸʨĸʨëɫò³۽кۣܳ˹ߣϵĶԱȺԡ
ȡ
ڹ۲ĸʨȣ
һƯ࣬˫ڣڲԭôܽ͡
ʨ๷ҰȮϺŵģǣʨȺأȲӭ


75
˿򣬻Ⱥǳʲô
ڲԭˣȱֳϸڣԼܲϲ
׼õĻɤûеȰɡ
ǵһμ档
˿ûȫҪ뿪ԭĴлعȵĻ̲סȣҵ𡣡
˿Ϊ൱ڶ죬˹ͷ˲ȣ˿ͷĸʨԼжϡ
ȵҲΪҹˣ
ȷŭͰ񲻸֨վһԿȺ˹
˹𣬱ŵ̬û˵
ȳ˹һͻͷȥ
ԭĸʨƢģһֱΪǿ
˹ѾϰˣҲûȵ
ͷ
ûеڶ࣬˵
ͼ˵仰Ǹҡ
죡ȶ״һɤðͷͱȳ
˿ײû˵أ
ȵҺܣ㲻ҹ㣬Ҳң
˿ˣȣƫ
ûвŲ㿴㣬Ϊҳ˿򣬱ΪɱάˣҾͲҹ㡣
˹죬ȣ˿ûǸ˼
Ҳ죡û
˵˹Ĭһᣬ˵ʹ
ȻܡȹһѾˣûǡ
˹εҺ˿û
˿򣬡뿪
תص˿ϣ˿ִû
ĸʨĲɿǵһʨȺģʲôóġ
Ⱥ˿ͬʱ˵ֲ˵
һ
̾Ϣ̫оӽȵĿΪ㣬ǰڲԭϢ
ѹq˵ϣ˳ȡ
˹ΣʨȺΪʲô˿ڿʨȺط¶
˵ĸܣ˹Ը޷˿󵨿š
ݼϵˮӵ˹צϣ˹ƽ˵ȣǶ侲һ°ɡ
ŭȵǽĳֹˣȫ侲
˹ϳء
˿Ը뿪뿪ɡ
Ҳ
ȵ˹ȥ࣬˹Ĭڵȣ
ǣҲ¡
β˹˵ˡ
Ҹɰ߲ͺˣѾˣȻһȥܻ࣬˺ࡣ
ȶ˹һᣬʧ˿һ뿪أ࣬ȥȥġ
Ҳ˼˹ȣȥ
Ѿ˵κλǿӲǰȫߡ
վԭأΪѡ
ȵֻۣûҪΪҪ˿˹
ֱӿʣȣҿ𣿡
вԸҡ
˿˹޹ġ
ۿҲҶвʨȺһͷʨӣѾͷʨΪΥҵ˼и˿qһҿɴ򲻹
뿪Ҫǡ
ǻֵ˵˾䡣
һ£·𿴵һ⡣
һ֪ǰ¡
ĴԷתȣҽأһ֪ڲԭǺͶ䷢顣
غܻܲصԭĵط
Һһ뿪
˿ʱ˵
˿򣬴ԭһֱûȥ򴽣ġ
˿Ťͷ˵
˿ʨȺ״̬ȣҪһ𣬡ô֪
ǳ˵ġ
ȵĿһϡ
ǶסĿϮҶô˵
ȴջߣѹ̤ʨȺء
ȥ롣
ǰԭϵֱ࣬Ҳûܻȥ
뿪ҽ¼̫̰ˡצ߽ЦԴࡣ
˹ȵͼæСģ
̧צȥצӺɺʨȺĸʨָϣԼһѵ಻̤ʨȺأСˣҲҪ
˿ӦΪֵסȵһצȵצĵ˿ʱѾˣ԰˿Ƥëצӡʱѿһɫӡ
˿βͲ˦ţͣ£٣
û뵽˿൲סеƣ۸С
˹Ϲ鿴˿ϵˣء
ȵ˿壬գգۣǰһʨӣ˿Ϊȵצӣ˿򣬡𣿡
ۣûʹ˿ü̾˵Ҫ뿪˵˿ۡ
û˵ȣ˿Ϊס˺ȵĴצӻỮ·Ƥ
ɱԼ
Ŭѹסߣ֪ûʸҲ򲻹㡣
Ϊ˿˹Ϊҷ㣬㲻Ըúƽʽ⣬ֻ˿˹Ӳ
ʹרͳεɡ
ҲûãҲźӴһ;ԸӣΪǺãֳķʽǸоѹ֣㡣
ȵ㶮ʲô
һôදࡣ
öˣûκβֻ˿˹ͻ𣿡
㲻ϲҳ˿˹ߡ
ܴõȥ㲻ϣȷʵû취
вҡ
ûУҲҡƽͺ˿˹ǣڲԭ澭㣬q㡣
˿Ȼ˹ﶼֳɻ
治ɫұźܴڴ㡣
Ⱥǵƭӡ
˵ĻҲı⡣
ʱſһߵǵҪҪѹһ¼
еǰ취ܡͼˣСǣȷҪҪ󡣡
ǳ˵ǡ
ȥҧ˵ɨͷĸʨҲ˹˿һߡ
ԸǣͰûǲǰУǻæӵûüܣסƣæϴʨֻҸǵģദĲѣҧҰɡ
ȣȶ¶Ȯݣ˥ڵʨӣʵҲС
˹ҪƳ¡
漴ֶ˵һʵҪ󡣡
ڸı⻹ü
ҪõԼϡ
ȵĵ
໽Уȣ̫ƻˣ
Ȳqһ㣡
ȫ⣬ˣܻأҪ
ˡҲǵҪ󡣡
Ź
ȵβĴŲݼ⣬˵˲㡣
ǺҲıҪ󡣡
ǡۿͷĸʨΧסа취ģǿ
˵ʲô취ȹִһͷ
ҧҵβ͡Ǻ
ĺʱ𣬸˿ӹľ߳ڳĸʨ׷׻ͷɿһθм˿ĳ֣ĸʨһѳת
Ҫ͵͵ֻĸʨİΧȦܣȲӳ۾Ƶģ̧צסǲȱβ͡
ʵſŲ
ĸʨȳצ˿ѾͲסˣû뿪ǶԵľ
ˣˣȣ˹˿ãֻĸʨѹƵġ
Ҫȣ˿Ҳȶ༸ġ
˿ˣڵ˵һ࣬ͷ죬ҳģһ顣
ԭҲڡȷ߰ĸ˿Ҳڲݴ
ûУǱˣת˿˹
ڸ˿ĳ֣˿ûӦߺ
˿ŻˮĲݵߵߣ˿˿һ͸˿
˿ĿƳʵ˿ڣ
˿򲻸ĵʵʵţҳ
ǻҧ㡣˿¶ⳤݡ
˿û񣬶ĸʨ˵ʨȺͷĸʨѾȫĻΪĸʨû˼
˵кô뿪ԭͷĸʨҲҲΥ
˿ҧ˵ʲô
˿Įұѡ
ִıϣǻĻĸ
Ҹǣڲԭϵûлȥȵɤڷŭʱһ㣬ˡ
˿ֶסԡ
ֻҪҡ
뿪ǵָ
ΪֵĲɿ
¼ϸС˿ȵĶϣ̧צɿǵβͣβջص¡
֪ջצ˦ϵˮ
ᶨ롣
Һ޸˿ڲԭܣҿԲҪǵø˿ɡ̡
С
á
ͬʱȻŸ˿
˿ȶҪҵȰ¡
ƭҡۿ죬տȣôУҲˡ
ȥ˹ˮ㣬һꡣ
ߡԸ˿˵
ˡȺȻ˵Ϊȥ˹ˮܼ򵥣Ⱥˮʲô֪
û͸˿أйϵûСȷ̵һɵġ
˿Ťͷ
˹⣬ûУ̫ˡ
ȵһۣû˵ʲô
Ƣǲã۲ϹҲûͿ
ҿԸ㣬㷢Ĳٺ˿˹档
ҧ´á
˿ˣһᣬȥ
˹أҲûгɵһӦøһ¡
˵Ķԣûйϵ
˹ȥ׷˿һ뿪˿Ƕڣֻ˹ġ
õҪЧȾúܿЦȥں
˹ûС
͵Ӳ
࣬Ӧ˲ټǣԷڣȻҶҵҧ㡣
и˿㿴̤ʨȺһ˿˵ҧά˵ĺҲƽǰĳޣԺҼ˿
һ䣬Ҫࡣ
̧צԴϣ˵ˡûȻҪ
ҿ˿Ӧˡ
ʲô˵Ѱſ£ݵˮûɣ֫ڸ£ܸһֳʪ
ʳ֪ﵣĵ⣬˵ҰȮȺأǰסĵط𣿡
šһۣ׼ȷ˵ڲԭĵص㣬ڸ˿ϡ
͸˿һۣȻ򣬡һҳֵĵطиһô
ļҵǰĹͬ㣬ʣΪʲôҪȥĵطٳֵĵصפ
ҵ˵ǰ̩ʨȺأ̩ʨȺʮǰѾˣǺĹϵ
ƤϼأͼִԭĶǣԭԭʨȺҰʨȺҪĲԭҲûгɹ
̩ʨȺǰǺӴʨȺɡ
˦βͣǵġ
ʨȺĸʨҲ࣬ͻ
һԭͻ
ͬ˵̫Ƭ棬кܶԭ򣬲ܶΪࡣ
ԣ֤һʼѲԭøãǿԽʺ
ǾԲ
ʲôȲмû֮ǰһĺܺá
൱ȻǴ򲻹ԭʨӺ๷һʱһԣҲܵʨ๷ϲΪ̩ʨȺʨܶ࣬ˡ
ϲԭκһֻ̩ʨȺʨ󰮣ûнܹ
˵ϸ˵Ĺ£ԭĵطһλˡ
öࡣϷʵ͸˿
͸˿һ𣬲ͷһʱȣǿļ÷ǳΪȵһ仰;߳ܣǰܶԭһ԰겻壬»زȥҲġ
ĿƵģ뵽λǰûټһ棬뵽͸˿Ҳ
أ
кǶõ࣬ԼغȺΪԭʵǿȺ಻ͬ⣬ҪÿȺõչ˫˼ȫֻԱõڡ
֪ľôࡣվ𶶶Ƥë֪ĸȥϣĸϵܺãȺ׳ڵĹģҲİҰȮһĹ´
ǱԹԭ֪Ҳֱ࣬ȥء
ȿſǣôֱȥϣңҲ˵Ϻϵȥ𡣡
ûҲ㡣˵ȽҶ
ԽȽҶǵ˵ܻԸ㡣
ȴ˹뿪ˡ
վԭ֣ɢڷУӯп˲ԭĹȥ
ȽҶһλࡣ˵
ǳȷһԣҪȥϵأҺ¡
˿¾ͱȥ
ͬԣΣգǻǱȥˡ
ǶվһͻǵĬۣƫҪȥ


76
˿ǻصأпڣûбĶռڽоѾ·ôʱˡ
Ҫڱ櫵ȥϡ
ݵϻˮĸ˿ýѾϢһڲԭϵĵط
סվǸλã·
ļ΢΢һ¡
˿οҲ
ЦЦʵ˵ȽҶҲûܻȥѾڴˡ
ûϡ˿ñӲģġ
תȦ˵ļٵģһƭء
ƭҸҵ˵֪ǰ¡
Ӳš
һصβڲݴ㣬㻹Ϊ˵
ðɣʵҲ
˿Ϊ㵲һצ
ȥ˿ƽ˵ǵ᲻Ϊʧ
˿ֵĺΧתƣ˵
˿ʱ룬ֻưʨӣһ㡣
ϧǲưֶͣܡ
ֲҡûڣ¸˿
ǵԸܸӣڱĶǰػ͸˿ĸ飬ڸ˿ǰ̲ס˿¡
ˣ϶Ϊûڲԭ֮ǰ˿̬̫ӣ̣ˣ磬ϲ˿û취ӡ
˿֪ڿʨȺҰٴ𡣡
ÿζĸʨ棬ϻأ㷢ˣζҲ䣬ҲҸںġ
ڸ˿ġ¡¶һЦŨ۽һߣĹϸϸ飬Ŵ˿
˿һЦдܹ֫ٺ˿̧צ棬غĻܶ࣬Ͳ١
ǵĴԺֱֱ˵Цʲô
йܹϵһһˣ񽻻УǼĿҺĿܿߣ
˿۵ںǣ˿תڲݴﴩţβ̵ĺܸߣǱ
ڼ䣬ͺҲӲݴðԲԴһͷİ
˿ܣҽ㣬
Ƕͷе򲻹С۵ĸ˿ǧҪ״
߽󣬿һĿ⿴ЦЦּ˿˵ĹУֿտգеΡ
ǲЩø˿ϲԸൽ׳ʲô
⿴ƯͽĶȣ˵㡣
̶ڿ£͵͵¶һֻ۾ʨӡ
ûн̶⻬Ƥֱߵ޷ȫ⡣
ܸߣҪΪ
ٽ飬ҧסٵβͣȥܿ¡
˵¡
צӰסСӵԴɿ죬Ǹζ˵ָ˿߹ң
ɯ˵
ҡҡͷСû
ָ쵽ɯǰһҵζ
ƵɯıԴǰȥζ
ɯʪıǶײָϣֺˣ
Цɯ浨С
Դֳ˲١
ë޵ģֱÿ춼Ժܶ⣬ú͸˿һ󣬱㡣
ܸжЦи˿ò㡣
ͷ˿ϵģ
˿ҧĶ䣬̩ɯȥ档
Ը⣬ߣڱˣԼϣſ档
ֱϰŵɴ۵ˡ
ҧסβ̫ͣˣѹġ
ˣҳˣ϶ء
ǶЦβͼ˦ţѹģɸ˿϶ѹ
˿֡
ʶԼ˵ʲô󣬿ʱڵС˼¸˿ʮͬĻ
˿ôϡ
СҲø˿ѹġ
ͨ죬ס죬ĺ룬ˣ
ĺ󲱾Ū
צƨɣȥȥ档
Ÿ˿Ը뿪öû˿
ǴðͷͻദߵԱߣͷſĺëȥһ棬ߡ
۾Բצ
ٻ̩ɯȥ
Χ徲ˣȻ쳤ᣬţȻ㺦ߣһΪ͸˿ûй
Ҿͷˡ
ͷס併¡
˿Ľ٩˵
˿һֹסҺ׼ȥϵأæչǡ
סչֻСӿԣȥϵظ
Ҫ˦˦ͷû˵ꡣ
϶ؼһа˿ص
̫Ӹ˿뿪ȥ࣬Ͳ̫СãϲҪġ
Ҫԡ˿Ƥë·ŽƵĹ⣬ûȥ˿ͬԼѾܴˡ
ͬһĸ׵̣ʶԷ
˿ǵذ̩ɯ󣬿ܸм˿ðգȴûȥȰΪ̤ʨȺأ֪˵ʲôܴ˿ͷ
ðɣһչ˺Сǡ˵
صԼأ˿ܷɣ׼ͣһ
ժһЩԹĹװҪԽڱ櫵أҪó׼
ûİ塱
ݸһСӣǵ͵ҵİǰҧˡ
Ҷ̣塱ϴĽһֻ
ֻڲݴӶ䣬š塱塱ʶԷӳ̵Ĺľƹȥֻ档
ֻ﷢صĽͶԷԣ˿ģ˿߻մѪ
Ϳһ׽һͷδȫƽѪȣʱ仯
ľԵͰ˿ܿ໥ëĴƬشȷʵһȺӦǡ塱Ⱥ
صԼȺ᲻𣿡˿ʵ
ᰡһֱȥǵܣ浣ᱻĶԵ
塱ͦģʱ˲ԼΣʧٳ
ֻĸ齻Ѿ½½мֻ˼ɸ˿վڹľǰ棬ǳǰ
˵߰ɡ
˿û飬ҧס½Ǵ˯ʯѨǰʯڵȥ棬ԭ
˿ԡ
ԭĵһ˯档ָָʯѨ
֪
ֱ֪𱳣ܲ졣
ԭĵһ죬ҿˡ
Ѩٴһʱ䣬˯
üô㶼û˵
˿ͷĲһģǣҡ
и߰һжЦʱûҸߣ˵ʲô
˿ã룬ĺ
˯ʱֱġ
󾽣ҿ϶°ĪԽԭĶﻹ˵㱻ͺյʳˡ
ڲ˰ɡ˿̧βıϡ
飬̧ۻס˿Ĳӣߣһ㶼¡ڻë»ƤëеϢ
żһ黰ɬĻӿ죬
ҪڶѨ𡣡˿һ˵
ûüӦı·ѨõľԸ⣬ʱѿֱǶڶѨҲû
ĶѨһ˺һͷĻţĺ涼л˿βͺͺڶѨ棬ڰֻмƲĹսлɫ˫
ͻѹȸʮ㣬ظңᱻ𣿡
ᣬǲ˿Ķ䡣
һ˿˵Ժûлᣬܾҡ
ʱһͿ˿צӣġ
˿ֱͷϵĵ̻ȥֺһ
˿ݵ½ǡ
̧𣿡
˿˵Ȼᡣ
˿ͼֶĲǰƲסһ˵ġ
˿Ѿ˱صζᣬһġ
ܵƵԽԽС˿ԸԳ
Ķʱʱ䵽°ͣҵͷָץԱߣֻдֲڵʯĥָ⡣
ӾӦ˱
˿ζţͽĸоͬñ
˿ڶѨβһ̧һ䣬Աĵļ
ƹʧͷðϸ΢΢۾
춯ĸ˿Ӻס˿ںڰҲܿ壬Լµ£׵İףĸ죬˿Ķˬ/𣿡
ˣǰʯڣһˮ֮ǰһ㣬/ˬ
˿ЦһٶϰϰܻȲԻѡͷ̲סֱۣġ
˿ɻ󣬡ʲô˼
ΰѶͷʯϣҧ
˿ֵĶͷϣ̲ס
ҲûҧľͲ𡣡
Ϊйߣݺһѡ
˿ʹõĶ࣬ûöһ¾ͽ
۵һ£˿ҧһ䡣
˿ˣҡ
ʯϣ˿һ˳ӣʯѨ˺ӵ͸˿
Ǻܿ˿ı飬˶һᣬƣ˸˿촽
תƸ˿ע
ǵԸ˿´࣬ͬϴ촽£̽ȥ
Ÿ˿ֱıһ£롣
˿ľҲӦ˴ʮӣ̻ͽܶʦемܲס
˿ͷϲ˺ҧģ󶼱ҧ
ϰһ㣬˿׷ϣϰ۾˼ζ˿׷۽ޣ˿⣬׵ġ
ż϶˵Ҫ۾
˿ӣһͺˡ
˿ҧĸݣı˵һƶԴ׽
ȸ˿㹻ˣҲ飬Ҳ顣
ˣɡ˵
˿ļͷϣ꣬ҵķ//ڻ
ǣƭءˮ
˿˵ҵġ
֪ԲΪȥҿ֤˿õĹ⡣
ѣ͸˿Ȳˣһᣬ෢ᣬĶ˹һ
ҡ£Լ˵ðɣ㲻쿿ҡ
״̬Ҫõö࣬˿о棬֣ҧŴס˿߳ܵ׼
˿˵ҵһμ
滬
𡣡·Żȥҧסͷ
˿ϲ˵ĽҺˡ
ɡ
ϴҪࡣ
ڸ˿ļϣŷ˿˳ŷ˿϶ڸ˿ļϡ˿ı飬ݼصжĸо
˵ˡ
˿侲УҵʱĺԶ
һ£ֲǶûз//ڡ
ͣЪȥë
˿û˵һųò
ǵʤȼѵұǰúܶ幫Ҷۡ
ʲôá˿סЦȲҡ
ǻ࣬Ȳ
˿䵽ϣںҹСϵ˿ڣ۾Ӧ˶ѨĹߣ˿
˶ȣ˿סţѾ˿ڸĶ
סϰŵֱ˿£̾̾
˿չǷϴ˵һ仰խĶѨ˿µûнĿУֱȥ
ҧס˵Ļ𡭡
˿̧ͷ۲ı飬˶ݵĿհףɡ
㲻ϸҡ
ҡͷǡС
ǣ˿£ԱȸղŻҪ˿Ѿжˣ˵ѡ
ʯ棬ȶڷҹ΢紵ɢѨζ෢̵գ벻˿ϼڡ
˵˿ʼղƵĺܺãûг˿ͷ𣿡
ļϣƽһᣬ̫ͻȻˡ
ô죬컹Ҫȥϵء


77
˿ҧĶұߡ
Ļס֣˿ԤĿҪ죬ܹϵ֮úҪ˿ˣΪսкء
Ҽɡ˿ߴһ˵ģϧǻһÿһ졣
仰סԼԼø˿ҡ
ƿ˿˳ٴθǣ̾ϢһϣʵĸĺӷȣҲȣԺġ
˿һˬ/ʱŰŤͷϸ˿촽˿Ķȵľˣɪһ£Ӧˣ
˿㲻ģ³ĶУõȤζ
⴦ѨԺܺãڶѨΪϡ
ǵȫûз֡
ʳ꣬ŲһȦ˿ڣƵɵڲݵϣӱһ˯һᡣ
۾̧ͷɨһȦɻٴΰԴڲݵϣѵõİ
ڶ죬͸˿һӶѨŴ죬ʨ𾪡
ܵ׽һֻСֻСϰԣȫûҪȥ͸˿
̫͸ŴֻСֳһֹȵƣ˿ʯһԾצ䵽ϣβҡ
ûۿ
ֻСӣ˿ܾͣãֻҪԼߣãҧſβͷ׺ݽû£ĺëͰСƷ
ίܵ˿ߣԴ˿ͷڣıӴź붯˼£˿ȫζҲǡ
ǼСϽܵȫԼϵë
ֻߵʨѾϰߣ⿴һۣʸ˿ߣ
˿ٵëš
˵ðɡ
һΪغأСܵ˺
˿̫ܵԶλòˮԴٻ
ʾ֪ûи˿ôǿֻСҪСġ
Ҳǣ򲻹Ͼܡš
ֻСһᣬû塱ӰӦǻȺˡ
ЩȻתһ룬塱ȺãһֻӸǵܣ̫ʡ
ȥϵϣס뿪ĸ˿ͷӵβһ𣬿ԥһᣬĸʨǺԶ˵ãڱ櫣ᵽϵζܻΪ㡣
ѹͣƭ
˿ƭ֣Ϊʲôƭ
Ķ䶶£ңֻҪȥɯ
ȥأ˿벻ڱ櫺Ϳ֮ìܡ
ڵȥ
ﲶԣ
ͣǡ
˵£˿ͷһڵûȤ׷ȥºڱ櫡
֪ˡһβʹ˿׷
ɯߣ裬û͸˿˵
ĺڱҺĸס
ŮͷգڱڿЦ
ɯúڱڿЦ
ʱ˵ϼ˺ҧɯ̷ҧ٣ҲˣУ˼£ߣԶȥĸ˿
ԸǲҪڱ櫡
Ӧ˿أСӵĶƤԵԲģʢѰһصλãСӲ棬ȥΧѲء
СѾϰĸȥԻѲأǿԺܺõĶأȴĸ׻ڻʹǵΪС
˿⣬شŵЩ죬ټʳ⶯ֻпǿԸֻ֣ҪϣҰȮͶû취ˡ
ֻҰȮ͸˿ĶԹ¿ڸ˿ûȥΣСİȫ
ÿ춼Ѳأ˼ֻҪ©ĺǣϲ˼£Լζ
Ҷ߲ĹӰϣϵζ׼ǰһص㣬һֻƤë˳ĸʨڸ̽
÷ߵۣͷĸʨͣפһᣬûչκͼͷڲݵһᣬǰߡ
־룬ͷĸʨѾĴڣûлͷֻǰߣȥķƺҲϵء
ĽŲԭĴţԣҲǱԵһֻĸʨ
ʵûóȻȥĸʨֻСֻҪĸʨ̶ûвȥĸʨܡ
и˿ڣͷĸʨóѡ
ֻֻƯĸʨӿʧıһ㿴һͷĸʨ𣿡
ëըˣͷһͷӴĸʨҡ
΢ˣǰצ˹һ¡
˹ûֻûи˿ĻӮҪҵ˿
Ҳ˺㣬ûм˹ظһ顣
ĶƲͫС˹ûĽ䱸Ϊ跴ӦӦһᣬԱ֮£ͻȻԼܿЦǿ׳ĸʨݺצӣˣ
˹
ǰ˶԰ɡ
´ۣԥҪҪʵһֻĸʨ˿Ӧֻĸʨеѡ
ûСص
˹ɫˣСĻȷ˿Ҳȥϵأ˹׷õ˿٣ܷҲԻȥ˵
˹תԭ·ȥ¿վͷԷ£ⶼôһ£
бԭڽɫĲ£һС֭ˮڳĽҺкɫ֭ˮɺԵĺۼһһƣ˿µ
㱻֭ˮǺһۣǵĶƤţֻצӳ죬۾
Ҫ߳أ
ˡ˿°͸ĴϣĶ䣬˿ܰ
˿ĿˣٶȣʵʻҪ죬СӳˣҪ;ʳ
ûʱľȡȼѣҵʳﶼǹʵʵңܶ඼ǳϣ˿Ϊժ¹ӡ
·죬ʨҲҪʳǸڸ˿棬˫ȥԡ
ԭصȴǽʳѾ밵ձ˵ɫסƬԭվӰģһƬ
ΣյĿԭĶﾯɵվĿԶ
ݼϣһһ£ͷȥһ˫̵䶢ϵĲݼΪڱĺ
ͺڱľһ׶ûУҹǺڱõıɫڱһ㶯ߣƤҪˡ
ڱվβ˦ţ¶ݡ
㣬Ǻڱ櫶𣿡ס̬ЩӼöʨӻ๷ҰȮէϺڱĻ׳˵
ڱûлش𣬶쳤ϵζϤζϴǳڱȷ
ıָ̧ܣڱˣƣ̧צӰĽվȣڵأڱš
ŭı𳯺ڱѪζķϮڱ棬ͺڱڵϣ˺ҧ
ǴҴҸϵߣǰצǰ°ȫѪûü¡
͸˿δʳ꣬ڱڵϣͷᡣ
˿ʱܵķɿ죬ں档
û°ɣǹĵ
صʱһ£ŵվĴմĻҳû¡
Ǻڱ櫰ɡ
ǵǡ
ںڱ櫵شһʱ䣬һﲻڱ߽Ѳӡǰգ¡
˿ͺڱ櫴Ĳɿĸ˿ˣӱ˿
ǾȿӦĿ⣬ôˣ
ǵں͸˿񡣡
һԲϾͶ֡
ȥǶڵսӴצӻ˵㡣
Ǽ룬ڱ櫽ڽڰˣ˿ŭ죬ڱſڲݵϣ̵۾Ÿ˿أ
˿˵ĻڱᵽϵζΪ
˿ûйڣ˵Ѻڱҧܽܶ⣬Ƭˣÿռ졣
ǡ˿Į³һ֡
ڱͫС͵ܺȻȥ˸˿ء
˵ʲôϵ
ʵ˿ˬ˦β͡
ǲ죬Ǹ˿Ľ㡣
֪Ҳûã˿϶ҧ㡣
ЦһצϵѪ¸˿ҧռҵأ
ǣˣ˭˵û˵
ʨһȲ˵ϣԼûǴأĸʨ
ûбı˵Ǻ³ç𡣡վ˵Ϊпζ
ͷǷңҪҵծ
ǿ˿˿ûлȥһɱ㡣
ӭϸ˿˫˿֣ҺͿº޹ء
ֻʨ˵㲻ռҵأʲô
ǵۣƫͣ˿ı϶˼Ѫ˺ۣΧĻ£ģ
ڱ櫵ʵҲǿ
Ҫȥϵأǹȥ˿ǲ˺㡣
˿Ϊɱڱ櫣ȻٴԽȥϵķʽ򵥣ϸżԷĻ˿
һ˫رԣֻͺ˵ԭֳ࣬Ը˿֮鲻˽⡣
˿ԹĻ˵޷⡣֦һȾͶϡ
Ҳȥϵء櫵ת˿صķ򣬡Ҳȥһ
˿С
û˵Ļ֪ʲô𣿡
ҵأÿСӸҺ棬ʾΪβۻÿṩʳ˵ܾܡ
Ҳȥ𡣡
գգ۾ȷӦҧԼ
Ȼƭһͷڱĸ顣
ͳ󣬷ีһ
ڱ̹ȻԼƭ¸ڳĻʨ֤࣬ж
˿̣ƭڱȷʵԣϲܵġ
˿㶮ʲô
ĬĬ䣬˿ʲô
˿Ҳȥ
櫵һμôԵĻֲòԭ˵˿ǡӡһͷ豪
˳ȥҲܲҲ
ǰ˵԰ƭ櫣ܲԵġ
ϵĲβͣͷ˿β˦ǵıϣĸʨһĬĬ㿪
˿Ͼ㣬ڱҵܻ¿ܻ˺ľٶ˿ѡ񽻸㣬ҸղŵĻ㲻ᡣ
˿ϵ¹⡣
ڱ櫴ķΧҪſ
ᱨ𡣡˿ʱ㲻
ڱ櫳Ĭһŵһᱨ
ƭ㣬ҲƭԼצմźڱë˿צӣ㲻ᱨġ
߰ɡ˿Դ֡
ɻ󣬸ڸ˿ߣǵôˣ
櫻᲻ҧһڡǸæߵ˿ǰ棬и˿Ķˡ
ͷӵĶԻȥҿ㲻𡣡
ҪG
ġ˿̧ͷƲϣʱҲñ㡣
ܲ˸˿ӿŲһһԶһ㡣
ͷǣ𻡶ȣôͨġ
ͺڱ˵ʱ룬ˣġ
˿Ҿáסβͼ⣬ָĥţܿĻһ𡣡
˿ĺһ´βҪܾңҲۡ
ůķΧƻֱս£ݺ߬βͳͷ
ڱ櫵رȸ˿Сһ㣬ԽȥҲҪķѺüʱ䣬·ģڲݵϣͷƵȱߣ˵ȥҿû
ȷ˵ô졣
˿ҵҷǰмһЦ˿
˿Ĵ
ǻɸ˿ǹģһ·û˵仰ÿθ˿øַʽע⡣
ƿԴڵϴմһĻҳͲмȻߵ˿ƤëûҳǺ˿
ֱɵ㡣
˿̧βͻӿҳǡ
ӣޱ㡣
֭ˮĹʵԱԽʣһԡ
ҹ٣ǣ˿ѰܽʵĶһԵȫӣ¸˿Ҳȫӵζ
ʳԶżҲȽϸߵĹӣܽܵķΧڣ˿ԳңǴѰֵĸо
˿㣬뿪ĴߵҰȮȺأ𡣡
˱¸˿´ڡ
˿Ķϧϵ˰̣ϵԽԽࡣ
˿ٴȥһ£Ͳˡ


78
̫չ֫ϵƣ
ĽžȵĻǵø˿ʱģ﷢/Ͳʱܴ󣬲/ʱ˿弤Ӱ죬ûûϰ
ﰵ¾´θ˿//ڣһġȻΪδ֪δã
ûע⵽˿ͣײ˿βϣſڲݵϣÿݲӰ
ԣС˵ҰȮ
ƽʱǸ¼ֻԽСҰȮڲͬѾ߽ϵأڱ櫺ϵغϣһСȺҰȮһЩ⶯ǼϿʳš
ͷȾ޴ԲԲĶȡĶ
Ҷ˿ǰ棬βȻ´ȺҰȮ沢ûϡ
ڿݻƵĲݼУҰȮͣ׷׿
ֻҰȮβܣ˿վԭһδǡ
ͺڱغϵĵһֻҰȮǷͬ鴫Ϣ
ᣬԶҰȮǴӲҶ϶ҰȮԸ˿˵ܰɣǴ򲻹ǡ
˿ͷԹԴȥǡ
˿ˣҰȮŭģǻҪȥϡ˿ܵĺܿ죬ں溰ûá
¿ˮǣȺҰȮж٣
£һٶֻ
ȷʵͦģʨӻɵǡ
׸˿˼ȺҰȮҰȮȹǣʱż϶
ҰȮھۼԸ˿˵ԶԸǰײɢҰȮĶΣעӸ˿СǰŲƳһԴ԰צһֲڲҶϡĵطܹȥȷq˵ģвֲ
Ƭطɳʺϲ
q˵뺬о綾ԾжߣûвԹ·ס֣ĸϣûܵİװȡ֭Һ
ϵôۻСĵ㣬жġ
ֻȡһ֭ҺðװֽסѸĵ˼£ȥĶ֭
Ӧõպá
Ǳ߸˿ѾҰȮǶܣת
֪ռ֭Һ˿һ˿ǣҪʲô
һЦȻǾ֪ˡ
ܴҵˮԴ𣿡
ˮԴһȺҰˮţռ죬ԱҰˮţСȥȥҰɡ
ǵʱ䣬˿ѾҰˮţȥǺǵ˿뱻ˮţƶƤ
ҰˮţһͷһֻʨǿǿǺ͸˿Ұˮţ뿪ˮҰˮţ̤δɢĻҳУԹ˿´αȥҡ
ҲΪ㵣ġ
˿˵Բ
ĸ˿
˵Ϊ֪˿͵͵ʲôÿͶס
ȰҲע㣬Ĳϱҧȫӡ̫ˣʳһĵģ
˿һ񣬡ܺԼ۾Ҫҿ
ǱҳǺһ£򼸸硣
ҶȡˮѲ֭Һϡ͵ʵ֦ͷڶ֭
˲붾ҺˮͣҰȮ๷ҲܶԸǡ
ϡ͹ĶҺöԶЧϵأɱҰȮȻϺҲ
Ҳԭ϶ġ
ҪǸϸڡ
ֵԴྐྵȻôֵֹ뷨
ҺǵȲ϶ȻƾԴ⣬Ļǲԭ
˵ϵĸĹϵãǵȺ׳ڰֻϿԿǻۡ
Ǿ벻ôµĵӡ
Ƴĳֻһ쳣ôµ飬ԶԸ˿˵ʲôֻʹ۽޺Ĵꡣ
Ųߣ˿ǳݽȥˡ
ˮ֦òһı
˿·ϰһֻҰȮ
ϵغܴ󣬵ҰȮ࣬һСȺҰȮ
ҰȮͬͼǵס
ҰȮŸ˿ıϣѲء
˿̧צûҰȮβͷɱ뿪ҰȮȥ
ϵôҪȥңǲ˵ǵģӦøղֻҰȥϡ
һֱچ£˿ͣתƽǣǺˣ·ָʼڸ˿ε˿ÿμ˺ҧ
˿˼ţ˵ܱ𣬺ܷ
ΪҰȮȥ𣿡
ڵǵͬ࣬㣬ֻܽҰȮ
ƿ㲻Ǻ𣬻¼ֻҰ
ֳˣεһ
ί˿ҷСܹȥȥĴȡ
˿أû˵ʲôǰߡ
ǵԴûŸϸ˿¶ףǣҾ㲻˿ϲҲߣ𣿡
ûߡ
˿ᶯצ
ͣ²ȵΪ˵͸˿ĺͦĬģҾҪתºͶԷķʽ
͸˿һ𣬿϶Ҫ˵
ˣҲǼƽϡ
׷ϸ˿һԣţб󷽣ȫս̬
м䣬ֱҵطϢŴ͸˿ദ
Ӱóӣһݵ˿ߣ˿°ǰ֫ϣ۾ŵҵװ֪
ᣬϣԼӡ
˻ᣬ˿̲סۣ°ƸܿߣһЦ´Сԡ
Цĺܺÿ˿ĵ׷ڵֲֻӺơ
Ҳϲǡ˿ֱӿڡ
ȻҹǣΪ㡣
˿˻ᣬ˵
ɡĶ棬˿ͷĸ֡
ǰͦģҿóݺܶ࣬ҲҪ
Һ˵Ҫת½ʽ
𶯲ͳ
ܴӦ𡣡
˿ûܾҲûȷӦ
°͸ĴϣȵУͷߣŸſ˼£ȺģĿˮӡ
ú˵Ż
ĺ룬׶˶˿ſ죬ֱϡ
һ£ǿӡݺǺͲϡ
˿ԼĽҧϼǱڶ٣ˣˣ
˿վʣʲôˣ
๷ҰȮ
϶͸˿ǸϹȥ
๷ҰȮսǴĵطԶŬϸ˿ǵٶȣϵʱѾˣĲֻ̫๷ҰȮĽ
ǣǹ޵๷Ⱥ𣿡
ǵǣԭ๷Ⱥܶ࣬Һϴܵģǰ
ԭķϣԽѾܹϴ󵱳ǰǴԽԭʱѪĶ̻ԡ
๷ȺҰȮøǰҰȮĻᡣ
˿뷨һ๷ͱҰȮĶ࣬ҰȮ࣬Ͳռơ
á˿ͷ
ͣϣ˿һЩǣҪһȥ𣿡
Ǳ㶣ŤŤаɡ
˿ߣһ֦ֹв۵๷ҰȮҧ
ǵһϵˣֻ๷˵๷սܱϳ๷Чϡ
ôǣ๷Ⱥǣɽ๷ԸкûͳΡ
µĸ׵Ľ£ÿһ๷Ⱥȥϣͷ๷ľۺϵغܾˣ죬߸ŵҰȮ࣬Ҫɱϡ
ͻȻǰΧȦĻʨӴǵĽ࣬˺ܶ¼๷Ⱥ๷ദʱ䲻Ϊ๷ڽڰˣĴʣµ๷뿪ϵء
ĸ׻ͷŸ˿ߴܣڰ
ֻ๷Ȳĸ׹ޣĸ󣬰ױԭȺϳδֻż๷ȺڰҲ๷ż๷ĵλ磬ԭȺ󣬰һֻлţҪһȥʵ֡
ջᣬʨ¾˰ʼ๷ȺĵλֱҪĲֹЩ
׶ŰıӰڵŮ㲻ϵôֻʨӰ
ʲô˼
ϳˣǸ˿ʨǣһ𡣡
ǳϵأһҲڡ
׵ĵǣô죬ȺҰѴҪ
׳⣬๷Ⱥŵָء
ҰĲȻð׵ⲻףҿһ¡
ûм˵
ʱԭȺһϵܴռأûκʧˣԭȺҲˣ׾ʹ졣
ȥİ취һá
׿ʼڴ
๷ȥ˵ҰȮߺϲǵĲӸ谲ο
ʨӺͻվһԿΪҰȮȺ䣬ߵǰʨӻվһϵͱһأҪͷǣΪʲôҪҸ๷
㡣˿˵ĺܼࡣ
סҪ˿飬˿ı䣬ҲҪ
Ͻ͡
̴֣ǵĻʲô֪
ҡ˵Ͼˡ
Ǵ˾䣬ô
ϵķӦڸ˿Ԥ֮УʳôҲҪȥȣϡ
ǰæ߰ɡ
ǲ⣬๷
ϵθлл˵
ͷɥصߣǱԹϲǸö
ͨǵķӦչĲ˳ȥ
˿ҧס½ǣȥѾˡϣ˵ҰҲһ뿪
λᣬҲȥҡ
˿ҡҡͷлġ
ˣҵطϢɡ
̾ϢһӸ˿Ļ
̾Ϣҵ˿
ûпڱܵԾԶԶģŸ˿ļȡůϵǷ
û˯˿Ҳû˯
ᣬ˵ǻûгܣͦĵġ
˿
ܵµıһ¡
ʵϲô˳
˿˻Żش𣬡𡣡
ԣֱͷ
˿ſţ۽ë˵㲻ˣ
Ըҡ
˿̧ͷ㲻ϣҺǳܣ뿪һ˺ǡ
üͷ
˿ŵȥϣ̾ˣߡ
üͷ£Ц̾ˡ
˿㲻Ҳϣؼҡ¡
֪Ҳ˿ë׵ղĲྱöȮµǳǳӡ˿򣬡ǰֳ
Ŭȥ뿪ӡ
סҲǵ˺ǡ
Ķֶ࣬ͦõģҷģܰﵽ㡣
˿ʶЦһ棬˿ЦɵӰ٣˿ԴƵǰ˲صŵζ
΢΢ű˿ǺܡҪʧȥĸо̫ǿҡ
ܣ¹ʣ͸˿ۡ
ͷȻʳԶǰǰʪµģÿ·һذγ
˿ɻ̧ı飬ԣܻ𡣡
˭ܾͻĽ
˿Բᡣ
ÿ·һȫûа/
ͳǰȽ棬Ÿ˿ĵطů
ҹ¶·ͱ䣬ʹӰȡףѶ任ס
״ţǳɫϣڲݵϣ¹˳ų·ȥһƵĹĤȫ¶Ҫ
˿е鶼ϵ֪ͷһؾã·á
Ĺâ䵭һһˣһ׽ס/ɫһ𣬸˿İΧһɨգʱһ̱öá
˿ڵԸʹˣļԼȥңҲ㡣
ܿ;ˣ·˳żȥ籩¶ڿУ˿˫ָȥָ׺̣ϸ۵ƤⰴʮϸСİۡ
Ÿ˿ĳ۾ͷձ촽ģ˳Լ/£߽ȥҲˡ
ӦǸ˿/顣
ڵȸ˿˵Ļᣬͣ죬ǵȵˡ
ֻ๷̽ͷ̽ԣ˿ϢӺ˵ô֦һֻ๷ʵһ£Բ๷ԣðɫĭҡҡλվȣڵϡ
ͬ鵹أֻ๷ŵġ
˿צӰ๷Ĳϣ͵͵һ磬ģ


79
๷õȷĴ𰸣˵ֲͦиģΪϴʧܺͣһʱ䡣
צӰιȥ๷ϰͱȲԭܴ߹·ԭһ붼ûУ˹ĵ򣬱ʨȺͿʨȺǵʨȺ๷Ⱥܶ࣬ɢڸطʵࡣ
ϴҰȮȺͬ˹ϰͱȲԭϣûеڶҰȮȺܺһϺȥҰȮԱʳ׽˵ܼ򵥡
Ҳһȥϣֻа˵Խ˼ǧ˹ӣ๷Ⱥ죬Ϊ죬Դ󣬴ӳΪ쿪ʼҪϡ
Ҿð˹ӵʱ̫̣ҰȺʵ
ҰȮСʮֻҰһûжܵס

⣬βǡ˿ŵ๷๷Ⱥûã㱻򷢸ٻʨӣֻ๷׼֪һжǣĻᣬֻҪٻȥߣҲҲ
˿צ˵
˰׵Ľ飬⼸쵽๷Ⱥˣ˵Ƚǡ
˭˿ǲģǣҪͱ๷Ⱥˡ
죬н𣿡
սŰܣĸ๷Ⱥɵ˺ˡ
˵Ը˹ϵ๷Ⱥ١๷С˵ȫˣŹҰɣһ๷Ⱥж
˿ʵ˵ǣȥϣû᲻ȥ
๷ʵʵش𣬡ġ
һǺϻϣһʱͻϮ
ΪǺһģԷѾ˼๷ȺˣǳЦһʧܣѾԻҧƬ
ô룬ˣѱ֤ϻû¡
˿Ҫҧ๷ȫ⣬ڽ췢Ųᱻ֪ٻİͷ๷һᣬͱѰ˿ĹƷ
ȰŹ๷ֻ๷˵ѣ֪Ķǲҳʵİ취ֻ๷Ӱǡ
Ȼں๷죬˵ʱͶϣĶԷһ
˿๷ʵƷ๷ڵ£ֻצӳ鴤òҪ۲£˵ϡͺĶԲǿֻö԰Сʱҡ
СʱҲܶ飬Ҳܳľ롣
˿ܲ
߽֯ߵĺܽ⸹⣬֪ˡ
˿ܾ˵Ļк塣
ϴҰȮỻطһʱ䣬ЧµζжԷ
Ȼ鷳ЧԣѭζٴܿգĺľɵڵϲԸߡ
͵СȣѾͣߺܳʱˣۣҲۡ
˿ߵڣδԹһ䣬ʱƣģ˿ܣȥΪҹʵʡ
ȥıӰƣ̬Ľ˿˻Ƕһڸ߾Ҵûۡ
ɵǱںˣʵ޸˿û˼Լö࣬ӵվϵĻңûüǰһ£¼ǾƬطľر࣬أ͸˿ˣǶĿȾһ紵ݶԡ
ǿߣȥ׷˿ܾøԾ
Ը˵߾ߡ
һ԰Ϊ׵๷ӸĹľǺΧסǰ⣬Ÿ˿ıӰΪһС㣬˿Ҳˡ
ǵǰ԰˵û㣬뿪ɣ
аĴ๷๷һȦĹ⡣
еʣ֣⿪֦ȫ̯ץסһ
׸ڰ˵Ůࡣ
˵Ƥֻۡ
׵Ļģſһ̬û뵽ۡ
ϲ๷ϲԣԭȺҪԭΪɧԭȺ죬Լӵµ๷ȺΪΪΪˣ˸߹ףûٺκһֻ๷˵
׺ܴʵƴŰһ񣬰ס
࣬ɺ֮£ǰ׾ƣϣͬңζѰҵķʽ˫һǰҪ̽ϵλãϧϲջ񣬰βͰڶͣ
˵ģø˿ڣҪսپࡣ
Ҳϴΰϣ뿪ԣҡ󷽵
ǼסɲС
ԣѸٻ׺ݵı飬ݺݵˡ
䵥ʨӱ๷ΧͻΧ޼ǵ¼˵Ҳ٣ֻĸʨҪ࣬Լ롣
๷ҲһѩǰܣܵСȲڱοǣ¡
ǻͷҵұ㡣
Ц£Ϊ
ǵİƱҪ๷İΧ
๷æŶԸǣΪһͷʨӱҪвԡ
׷ͬע࣬๷Ѱ׵ѵ£ġóԼһ壬ɱȻᱻ๷ҧϣֻҪƤҺ˳˿ڽ룬̵๷ɵ˿ڣֵĸ죬֫վȵǰ
ϳ๷Ĳ๷鴤ûϢ˱۾ǿԼѸٵ״̬һս
ûϳעһһȺ๷ɱʱ򣬰ûĻŭΪķ档
ûô
£ȥȥǣҧסﳤ֦֦ڵϣӹһ˿ң̧ǰ֫౻˵
̧õסĲӣһСĺ飬ͷ쳤㿪񲻶ģ
Ƥ񣬵ϻһǳǳ˺ۡ
ղۿĶ๷Ĳϣȡ飬޷תǵһ˵Ҷĵġ
Ϊŭ۵
Ұɣ˵ڲԭܻͦӭģҴռأҷָһ顣
ȻŭЦӴĹ޺ͰԸȫͬҲܿɶ񣬵Ŀɶ޴ҲҪأҲϡ
ͷͷᣬҲйϵ
㿴Űɣһ
ףһȰߡĵҧڵϡ
㲻ҧ֡
ͰȳˣԶˣʣµ๷Ǵܣȥ׷Ͱס
ϱ๷Ū˺ܼߵıӰغϣβͬûɥı͵ȥҸ˿
Ͱ׼м䣬ûˣͷ취·һϵܶҶ๷ϡ
תȦҶпһѺӣźӺУϵҶִ̧ڼͷ϶סͷɫëĺӣǡ塱ԣǺöֻ塱
ȰϿȥһȺ
ɤӷﳤ࣬һϳ塱ǣ塱ƴϣģΪ
Ϊ塱صȺˣû뵽ʮֻϵء
֪Ҷǵĺʶ
׵ĻͺӼƽϣĺӣòҪ
뿪塱Դд񣬺ߴߴ˾ְܿ¾ʣ塱ֻ塱ͬ๷ķȥһں档
ֹ˿ôã塱ߵʨӣͬص·Ѿüϵʨӣ๷ҰȮϵأҪ˵Ĵˡ
»ǹģ塱һ㶼Ϊȷİ
ǣѰӰ˿һֻ·Сʯͷ˿ﷳ꣬ӻ˿̲סצܵϳУͳһСȥ
˿㿪Сڲݼ˳ŲҶݸһС죬˿Сӵļ֮򿪣СӱԣӺס
ֻ
֪ǲǣȥ˿˦βͣͷϵĴ˵
ƶʳףСռźҪλãq˹˿ͬ
˹űʨȺĸʨqϣq˵·С飬qҲˡ
СϲԵģ߸һֻС塯
ѵôͳˣ·ȥ
ųܡqռϵغܾã๷Ⱥˡ
ƫƫʱȥϵأ˫л£и˿ڣҲʲôá
ԣû˹ȥص£qҲû룬Ҫ
ʨ˹ȥʨȺҵһһ̣ûгɴӦһϵء
ȻǼѰټʱ˺ӡ
˹ͬʱҲڵ˿˵ҲӦøźߡ
ڳֻʨӺͻѾ׵ģϾȻʮֻĸʨɵĶڴ
ϵۻ𣿡
ûСߵͬĻش
๷ʨӡ
ػаأ˵ͬ鶼ټʨӵĺ档
ǵء
£ʨҲûʲôµġ
һɺϵµĺЧӦֳ֪˹ļʵȺΪˡϵؾۼȸŰߣ塱ĶϲܿʧҪϢӦð׿
ڲݵϣ°ϥǷھʮԶĵطſ£ɫ۾
ܲ๷ļӣվҲվԶԶʵ㣡
ֻ°׿ţȵ׳¶ݿŵʵĺܡ
׶ı˵㡣
˵ҡ
ԡ
ǲŵһμɡ
׵ǵһμ棬֡
ĸ׹Ǳ㺦ġ
ɴ󣬡ޣ
֪ҲûʲôװķӦǵһ΢΢ʹ죬û뵽ɡ
ȷʵû뵽
߷ףû´ߵǸ·ߣôӵɱĸ˻Ϊ׵ĵһ
Ĭ׺㺦ĸף֪ҹж𡣡
͸˿
ȫǸ˿ζŵ࣬ĸʨͻ岻˿¼Ϊҧҵĸס
˵ŵʱ̲ͣȥ졣
ڲܼذ׵ŭܲ˰˿
˵˭¼ֱ̧
˿һһ˵
ȻЦһ£ף֪ĸ׻ʱҪҴ๷Ⱥ
ҷŵҲҡ
˵Ʒˡ


80
ȷʵڡ˵ǰˡ
ֱʱԼԼʶһ⣬ԭڲԭܲ
ͶǵġѾԭռҪȥ˵Ҫָء
ҪһȥĹͰɡ
ߴŴǡ
ŵҪදͷֻڰǰ˼䣬ߡ
ԸͰ˵๷ȺҶǰƤжô⻬ʨжô壬һ㡣
׶Ĳϻûȥĳݺۣҧȥһʹɣ
һ߰Сģ漸졣
ĸ׹޻Ҫɶ
๷κʨӻԱȲռƣ¶ݣ׶˵ô࣬ʵҲҡ
Ҳ˵ҵƤֻۡ
ĸ׺ơ
׳죬
ЦûзҲҡ
ڰ֮ǰҪҪһ¡ִ̧ڰ׵ļϣ±ϻҪȣ׶㿪Ҹû㣡
˵޵ĴŮ˿ҧˣСŮδܱ꣬ԭȺ𣬰׵һ󣬴򲻹Ⱥ๷
㿪Ĵ³ģӦСӡ
۾Цʲôҵ˽ô
ֲиִڰ׵ļϣ๷ëӲ£Ѱ׵嵲סİͰǵΪͽУ׶£롣
βҡţʾá
СǰѰ˵ǰ֫վڰ׵ļ࣬һѹԵ̬վš
ףӺ﷢ͳĺС
ĿģӭŰߣԡڹ¡
¶Ƥ˳ڲݵϣʾĽҪ
ƻˣ˵ĻǼٵģΪðܵһĻ
ԲȺĴ๷սȨ
ƽʱõΣԽйϵڸϿģŭʧл͡
һᣬҵ£ףף㣬๷Ⱥ֮µĵλرʲô
ðɿ˵ŭĴԣǿʼ֡
ŮҴҶ㲻
࣬⹴ҡ
Цף˵ҷŵðҡ
ų˵ҹ㣬ףˣԺҡ˵꣬Цʧʧı飬ŤȥԶ
۾ɴˣߵǷǣ޳̶ܳð硣
ˮ๷޷⣬ظĳЩȷʵ˵
ŮңҾԲ˵
ݺҵĶûĺôҰȥܣ
ûУ˵Ҷġ
˵ĻţŮҪֱ˵滰Ǽٻ
źһ𲻵죬ûƭ㡣
ܵ๷Ⱥ죬һ˼׵ĻҲûȫţƾļ仰׶Ϳˡ
Լ۾ղִڰ׼ϣ뿪ʱ򣬰һʵ
Ҫܿ飬ηŹ㡣צӲڰ׵ؿϣھ
Ųצӣ׷ƤллŮһ֤ҵҳϡ۾ڸ
ߣĲգûУѡ๷㣬ѡңǶҡ
갬ף
ķӦԤϵҪƳ׳ԱǱģǿڶһ룬˰Ͱ׵ĹϵԸ˳Ű˼˵ѻˡ
Խƫ԰׵ĲԽء
ǵģҸѡǿ׳İŮСİס
ˣس·ʱϢױʮϵľ룬ż¶Ƶ΢ЦҧҶ
;ڶ棬ֻﲻԶǣ˰⴦ֻҧʳ߸ܣ
׼ҧйߣĵ޴ֻĺת׷ȥ
๷ĽͷÿݴԼӰҪ뵽ֹܻã԰˵Ůð׽һֻ˵ҹʵΪҵʳ
Ҳһûȥ·ϰɡ
ѧĽзŮʱԴʹӰĸоͬһһֺŹľͷȫˬ
ܿҪ󣬰׻׽һֻֻܵˣŴβͣ˦ǰѴﱧ
ֻﲻǡ塱͡塱ദôãƾоֱܷ
ǡ塱ֻΪʲô๷棬ǵϰԣ๷ԶԶܿ
ǣǡ塱Ǹŵġ
в̶ͬȵˣ˰ķԸôţΪ£ʹ׷ǳˬûûء
βͱҧѪʱ۾һգһգ
ı԰Ҫ󱣻ֻⰬ׵ĸϾɱ޷ȫܵ˺
ﰲڻûȷˣһǡ塱İš
֮ǰ˿˹ߣǡ塱Ϊ˿ָ·
ͬ๷Ⱥհ뿪·ߣҪϢݸ˿
׺Ｄһ£¡塱ʱȫû뵽һ조塱Ϊ̶ֳȡ
Ը๷ȺĴֱ̫ΰεĲУ˵лл㣬˳Ӱ๷Ⱥܡ
ûд޷Ϊ˿ڣߣǱŴΪʾ⣬ᱧԹһ䣬װѺҧˣû취ֻܱ
ڹΪҡ
Ļ״
ĬӵĿڰϡ
صأûҵϣϵڵ๷Ⱥʾ
๷ĽΧҲܷꡣ
Żۣ̫̰ģ˵๷Ⱥ֧Ǿڰأ˴֮ĦԽԽ࣬һԲͣ㱬Сģͻ
͵Űһֻһࡣ
ԭ飬ķзǵȻֻǣӰ׿е֪ϵر׷𾪡
׵ԭȺҲڣǹǰϵõĸ߽๷ױĲ°׻ᱨǡ
ͰһϣռϵأȨ£Ϊڰ๷Ⱥλߣǻ޷ʹλ๷
µİף򲻹ǡ
֮ǲҰ˵վڰĿɨǡ
ܿ죬߸ֻ๷˸ŲĹ⡣
ţԸͰ๷ǰ˵£
Ѵڵϣ˫ֽЩ͵ֱۣϵĵûˣҲڣƴֻвҰܵķݶ
ͷڽűߵĶһί飬԰˵ŮҪһ𣿡
ͣ£ֻ๷Ļ𵽣ʲôһ
Դʲô
ǰģȻɰͣһᣬȻ˵ǡ
Ͱ׵ദ󣬶ҵ̬ȱˡ
ڰȭŮϵظպ棬Ҳ֪ô
ѵⰬ׵ʱҾһܴϡ
ĻͻʨӰϣôϣҴϡ
̾Ϣһ㲻ңҪ๷ҡ
˵û˵ý˵๷ңŮҵѡ㣬ȴҪƳȥ
ʧ°ģ׺˵Ļõ档
ߵǰҲ㣬ղֻŻ㡣
Űʵʵģ㲻ҧҵְɡ
˵϶ᡣ
ã㿴ҵֿԸʲô
ղڽԵĶѸڰĲȦӸŰߣǵļ£бĴأ๷ǿʼɣļи
๷Ⱥ໽еʱһֱڱץסڰĲϡ
˫߬ͷסĲӣʼ๷˵Զ㣬Ȼ
ܵвҡͷŬƳ๷ģԴ˵ߣЮŰһȥķ
ܽðв๷ά̫ʱ䣬๷ͷһȫŰľԣû๷ŹȥΪˡ
ôҲв๷̤Ĳƹľԣһֻżվ󣬽ɫ˫ȾѪɫһ㡣
Իվһͷĸʨ
๷еŵǣǿһȺĸʨŹľԵλ


81
Ƶ˲Ϊ๷ߡ
˿ҪŲסʱ֣һ˲ӷᣬŲ˫΢΢Ҷɫ֭ҺȾĻϣָΪס
ڵϣ֡Ÿ˿أﺬǧ
˿๷ʱıϢ⼸Ѱ͵£ڿö˶վǰʱȫΪҡ
̧צߣȥĲյëƤ¶ȡ
ſǰܽղĲӣҲĥӵëǳƤ⣬ӻۣѡ
˰ף˿̱Ю֣û׵Ļ˵ĶԣܽƻñԻ
ƺǱҪ̧ͷԼĲӺһ㣬һᵽ˻ʨӵζздʨĺڷסֶķӦ
ֱ¶άƻڣԭδио˿Ķ󣬽񾭱ίɢµʹѣֲ˼£ĲʹԻ
Ƴ˳ƶԼ塣
ǰĲŰͷ๷Զ٣͸˿˺ü죬ӣ͸˿ƾ๷µĶζҪϺܾá
ߺĽͷš
ûҧ˦βȥվڶ๷ǡ
мʮֻվţڰ๷Ⱥ
ֻ͸˿ĻԸʮֻ๷ʤСŤͷʨȺͷٻĺ
๷Ⱥ궯Ͱ˵๷Ⱥܣ๷ͷ컹ڹҪܵ๷Ⱥ๷š
ûϵȻݣӻʨӻЦǡ
ĸʨӦ͵Ľ˿˵q˹ǣΪ
ķչԤϣ׼ᣬиƴ˦ǿĹ£ΪʹɿϻӣײƴȺȥ
Ǳײûվ˼£Ӧȥ˰צӹסƤ⣬ͷҧһڣӲǵצӡ
ӳõǿ̣˦ȥϹŵĶ˻ɤ๷ԻʨԼ෢𹥻
ȺΥǴӰƹȥʨȺûϹʱ˿ǡ
ðѣͦյģ̯ģϱҶĿӣңлߡ
˿ĵĲ֭ΪķΪеۣͬʱֺܽǵűĶѾˡ
͸˿ӣ˿ͷ֣ë׵ëɦƤ㣬ر㡣
ԺҲ뿪㡣
סɵ
ôֻ๷￪ʼ飬ͷһ˿ͷͷ˵ڲܵʱ˺ѷκ˿æ
ֻ๷Ƶȥ˺ҧǵĺȣԭתȦ˦๷Ĺ
ɤѪζͷţվǰףȥҧࡣ
״ǱӣŮÿҶҲ⡣
֪һ๷
ףǰˣҲдǰ˵ĺûҶȤ
һ񶾵ࡣô׳ΪԼ޴㶪
ܻ׽ãҪܱζ
ǿϧûбɱˣΪʡܶ¡
ڶ˵Ļ׾÷ޱȣֻĸԸͻʨƴ
Ȼûôֻ취λѰ๷Ⱥλá
ҪΪµŮĸ
䵽ϡ
˿ݵӰ๷ȺУǻд๷Ҫȥ׽ͳͳ˿ס
׶԰˵ŮӦȰ˵ǽ˵๷Ⱥһȥ
ȥִа׵ĻֻҪʹࡣ
๷æΧѰõĶȻһʯͷ๷Ⱥȥ˼ֻ๷๷ף˼˿йȥڿԾչߣǰצץסһֻ๷Ĳҧס๷ıϢ
Ǳ๷ΧסԹ˲Ͼ˿Ҳ޷ͬʱסԽԽҪȥҧ๷
תܣ๷ʨȺķ׿ͼֻצܳٶȣ˿˦һֻ๷צ̤Ųݣɽмͳȥ׷ֻҪ˺๷
ĹעٶȱѾ๷Ĵ˫ȲͣѾˣ˿ƯƤë˹
๷ҧ°ڣ·˺ѿѩ׵ĺ¶๷ݿסӵҲˣ๷ŵڵϡ
׷صвǶ˽Ƥ˵׵ı๷Χ۾¶ֱۺͲҪҧȥɿĶǰצĸ첲ϣ๷ٲȻһʳӡ
ץסģǲ
е๷ףʨȺĺܽ尬ȥŮ㱻ɱˣŮɱ࣡
ȥ㸺𣡡
˵ţʼף๷£ӵץһѳҪҧ๷
๷ˣԴԴµһ
ֻ๷צӰסֱۣȫʩѹȥоֱҪһ
ֱգҵɹ۾ӰҰȮɫͲӴͷĿĲӡ
ҪʱǲͷԴײѹ첲๷ǰ֫޲ȥҧ
ͽ޹๷ǷЦĲۣ๷ݴ̽ǵҧǿֻҪһЩ޳ĲӾͻѿ
׼ʱҧӵ๷ײҧǰȥҪģ
ڣ޷֤˵ĻĻǼٵģȺ๷Ҳ˽ģˣתҧҲ޿κΡ
һֻײһֻţϵ˿Ѫ߻γһߣ˵ʱ񱻲ʳֻнĳ࣬ĲγɹС
ʣŶ˼£ѪӿѪζ̼๷ǵıӣҪϽ
๷ٴҧ۾Ԥϵʹûн٣ۣĿĸʨĸĸʨҧ๷Ķ䣬๷ĻǺ
˿ڸϵ޲ð๷ˤ
ʮͷĸʨԸٵ๷ף˿˸๷ϡ
õ˽ţغ˿ϵ˺ۣοҪûȥѪ˿һҪҧȺ๷
๷ɵĸʨӲ򣬲д๷ȫˣ˿վԭ˦˦βͣȥ
ϵ˿ûԸ˿Ұ㣬ˣ
˿ϲΧŵʨӣҲóϣЩʨȷʵ
Թ˿ûмƽ˿Ļ
ҵĴ˵
˿ͷϵһ仰ýĸ˿ͷ
˿һ£û˵
˭֪˿ңѡҡ
Ҫҡ
Ĺνˡ
ȻǴ˿ôͷ˿Ｋˣ֧ȥҡؼҡ·ͨˣҲ֧ңq˹бʨȺԸ
㲢⣬˿
ģ˿˵ס˵
ĸʨְܸм
˿У˿ҡͷҲ
׷Թ㣬ҲԹԼŲ㣬Ӧȵ£㲻ᡣ
ٶ˵ֻи˿Ĳ
˵꣬˿һԡ
๷ĸʨǴӷɢܾۼߣ˹ע⵽˿򱳶˿򣬡Ӧÿ鲻á
˹Ĺ˿ŤͷļϣҶһ紵ʧˡ
صĸô࣬˿ͷͶ䣬ΧŵĸʨϤʨ߰˸ллǰҡ
ϱ๷ҧˣͣѪ˿ỺΪǸ˿Ϊ£qУһԸq·һֱڷԼɵɵͷǵʨӣԿĽףȻˣqԼûʱҵҪ˵ллûü㱻๷ҧˡ
һ
˿qһۣڷĵ˵塯ߣߵȥ˿ڰһ¡
֪û¶ϲɫãȥ
վߺУסӵָѪǻ๷Ⱥ
Ͽȥܡ
˿ҪϢԽܶϵѪøࡣ
˵ĲǼٻִӲһĵѪ


82
ĵѪĿģĬĬս˿ȫǵģȥϢһ£Զ๷Ⱥ
˿ͬ˿˵Ƥ̫ۣ๷ûҧλãҲ˲С˺
㣬˹ȥǡ
˿˿ȫУβڰС
˿ôֱ׳˵ҪǵѣҪȥǾȻ
Ҳ˿Ը˿Ҫ㡣
˿򲻷Դš
ң㡣
ʱ˵๷ܶ࣬Ҫ˷ѾϣҿԼչԼ
С
С
˿͸˿ͬʱ˵
ղŲ㱻๷ҧΧ๷ǸܣҲǱΣգȫ뿪޷ϻ
qһİţ˿˹ڸ˿ﶼԵǾͻĸʨ
ñʨȺļ
Էˡ
վһԱãȻqŰŵĲˬ

˿˦βͣǿ׳ļϡ
һᣬûзԣqûǾ;ˡ
һۣϳ־飬˵Ҳ̫ʺϡ
һͷİĸʨദڣԼܾɿӻȻԸ⣬ˡ
q֣ѡĸʨ
Ը˿ʾʨȺĸʨڳͲڳĶ֪˭Ҳͽȥ
ʾܾĸʨqߡ
ȥǻû֪Ϊҵ¾ˣҿԸǺ߹ȥ
Ȼֿ˵Ͽȥǣߵ๷ȥйߡ
ĴҪΣա
صļʵѡqΪͻȻı⣬Ըq޻˵
Ը˿˵˿ȥ𣿡
q˿ż˵Ҳڣ㲻Ҫκʨӡ
ϲ֮ȥԵ顣
˿ĸʨ뿪ȥȱΧǡ
ͼվԭء
ŤͶԷ෴ķ򣬿ŵգ£Ǹ߰ɣҪǵĵط԰æ
ǰ档
Ųһ⣬˻ָô
ͦá̵֡
Цˡ
չ벻
ΪòĻش𣬽˵ԭϵʨȺͬ鲻ܣֻҪš
̻ǵĶ
ǰԭϵûڵĲԭ῿£Ӧûγɶص
ģԭϵʳ⶯ܶ࣬жﶼϣı䣬Ľֻǻڡ
Ļʵӵ˼Ķĳ߶غϣϰͱȲԭʷУĴո⣬һǶʧ
˼Զ˵վ֣ȥ
ͷ㲻һ
ɻ󣬡ʲôһ
û˵ĸʨǺ͸˿Ӱ𽥱С๷ĽĿϵأ;ûҲȺ֮֡
ᶨԼģǰС
๷Χſڵϣ๷˺λãϵԽԽ࣬Լ׺˿ڣҲڣ˾
ѵҪ๷
һֻ๷βҧһڣǷϵƤһ
˹Ϊ׵ĸʨ๷Ⱥǿ๷ȺҲѣֻ๷˦ڵϣϴӺ˵Ľվİʮֻĸʨ๷Ⱥ˵๷ȺƲ׷룬ֻ°๷Ⱥ֧š
ԼʧܣûΪʲôҪ
ʨȺ׷شҪʲôûзõѡ
ûעⱳΣգ˿첽Ȼȥſ壬˿Ŀ겻ǻͷȥ˿צ£ڰ˺ۡ
׿˿˺һĻȥȰ๷ȥȰһϢ๷챻׾ȳ˿ҧһֻ๷˦
ǱŤԸ˿ҡ
˿ȻҾĴ١
Ǹм鱻ˮ㶼Ϊȵҡ
ԭ֪˿ͷϵζ๷ܵķ
ߺֻ๷ʬ壬ס˿Ժ󲻺㳳ˡ
˿߰ޱȡ
ԲٿŤͷ򼹱ϵѪֺǺqǣлǼʱ
˿ﶼ๷ϵѪζΧѪͷȥ
ѾӰĸʨǰ棬˿̤ſݻƵĲݴԣβĸ߸ߵġ
β͸߳ڲҶĸ߶ȣûԼҰȮϷ
ĸʨ̤أϾ˼붷ǰĸʨˣȥһ֣ĸʨͰ๷ȺѴ󲿷ҰȮҧ
ŪĸʨĿģϻһֱ¡
˿βֱķǰӰƹ¶ڲԭϣϿߵĸʨгĸ˿
ĳӳϦһĻϦĹâüЦˣ۽ʢĹ⡣
˿ҰȮĴڣǵĶ¶ڲ棬Ÿ˿ƶ·ת
˿ͣ£߿һԣ˳߿ȥҲĴ䡣
ϳҰȮĶ䣬е
ȺҰȮ֪ѾǱ¶
ϵĶ䶯˶ߵͬϣ˿ˡ
֪ϴӲݴ߳
£Ȳĸ˿ͬƵĲӸҺ󷽣Ӱӣ˺г
ʮ׵ľ룬ûǰһֱվǰɻĸʨȺϦתǿӰ󣬻վţˣĸʨȺصԭ࣬౻ߣ׷˰ء
ĸʨԼ˿϶Ѫᵽζ๷ġ
ĸ׸һԭΪ࣬ǿİ⣬òͻҪ
ʵͬҲвͬ
ĸʨվûǵŶԷҲûΪάһֲ̫гĺƽ
Ǻƽԭ
Ͽһҡ
ƺû뵽ϻ˵ͷԡ
֪Ҫʲô߰ɣȥһط
߳ûиϣҰȮˣ
ûУҲôҪң
Σ˵ǰĳ񡣡
õϢ뵽ĳ˭
£Ӧָǵľ
˵ĳ࣬ǽȽҶ𣿡
ϵĸȽҶѾܾûˣϵȽҶ֪
ûɣ֪ͬ࣬ǵĹ¡
ϰأһŴͩĵط
ֻи˿ڣϱֻһ䣬˿ܸ𣬸˿İ£κ
ͬˡ
ŴͩĵײɫĻݱڣɫ̻һ
ûаϹԭĶͷһϵ
صж󰮹̩ʨȺʨϲȽҶ
֪ͦ࣬ʨӸġ
Ӧȣĸ˵ϸ̩ʨȺġ
̩ʨȺѾ˵ЩҲûκ塣һĿӣӿӵ׵һ˺ܾõͲѾң۵ĺ룬ϵá
ͲóͩĻ䵽ӵףһƬ
ϰͲŵǰȽҶȥģĸ׸λãһΰٳ
ôͩҲȽҶµġ
ȸֲͩڵɣϽ⿪ϵӵάѾҲôͲ򿪣ӳһܶǰڵпʽʼǱӡĳķ羰ͼƬͲİ£Ѿģ壬ڴͩĳ£ɫ
СһҳֽѾ໯ѱʼǱ·һöָ
ɫĽѾȽҶĶöָܱҹĦš
ָŽָԵ̫⣬ڲȻһȦ֣ϸȦ֡


83 
ָȦûöָ˵ֻ֣һʫ
֦֦ҶҶ롣
ҶĻȽҶô֦
İ
ѽָͱʼǱ·Ͳá
ɾߺצϵͲˣ
ˣֽѾ໯ҳƣȽҶĽָҴױʼǱдʲô
ֶϵûԽ˵ǰڲԭÿƤϼ¼ڲԭ飬ʨȺƤ͵ǵʱľڿԺ
ϣƤ͵𣿡
ĲΧһȦɴɴ͸ŰɫϿᵽҩˮζ˵Ļ󲿷⣬Ƥͻȥûۼĸ׸߹
ġڲݵϣԭλãѶʧ
ģԴ͵ĵصڸ˿ϡ
ԹˣҲûʧ
ϵʱԵģҪԭÿʮ죬Ѷ㽵λϣǾͻʧ
ӱóֻֻϵںʱ䶨ԭ죬ֻԼָⶼڲңѾ˶ˡ
˿ʮ졣
ʮظԸ˿Ļûκɣо˺ܶ飬ԭŹʮ졣
ǰ󣬾ʮ졣ʣĲ棬Ѱôãܻȥķףֱһжġ
൱ÿʮʱͻῪȽҶҵĹɣûȥ𣿻ʱֻûģʯͷ֦֮Ķͻȥ޷ȥ
ϲʱʲô˼Ļһ£಻ȥ
Ǿڲԭϻɺܶܶ顣
ÿʮƤڴ͵λϡ
ڴλãвԭֹ֪λǰĵط
ԭʵǿļʨȺʱҵĸ׼ͬڻ͵ص㣬ʧˣ̩ʨȺʨӵõΣѴ͵صǣǲȽҶ뿪ȽҶĸʣµƤͻȥǵʹڲԭ
ȽҶͻҸղŸĶ
ϵĻ˼
һͩͷϣ˿ߣ
˿ᶨԼ
ҪȥǰѡӰ첻㡣
ǣҲ㡣˫ָƵӰס۾
Ȼ֣ϣǷжﱻߣֻӣ
ϵûС
ǺϾͬҲ͵ĵص˵ûã֪µĶûһȥԹ
ϣҲø˿ȥðһΣɹˣܻܲصԭһ
ϿľᣬԲȥ
ǰ鲻ᷢϡ
ദĺܺгǷ
˿˵Ĳ
ҧס½ǣҪߣа죬ǿԸϻȥεĻᡣ
϶˵аʱ
뿪ϵأ˿ԼĸʨǸߡ
Ѱ·У޲ϳɹԭȥȥĵط
ҵˣ߹ÿһ̤޻մʵأϣʱһЩ
ڱ櫵أһʱͿԵԽԭϵλãҹڵϣ˫ֱϥ̧ͷա
˿Ϊʳߣûθڡ
ĸʨǺûǣ˿ܵڲݵϴҪȥʵ͸˿ദ˿ġ
˹ôצӰ˿˿ͣʵܳҲܳȿ϶ǵ
ᣬ㡣˿Ķ˹צӣ˹Ķ䣬뿪Ⱥܵ㣬ҲҰࡣ
˿۾˹ƭĬһᣬ˿ӲҺˡ
˹ײԴȻ
˿Ҹ
ڳˡ
˹Ͷ˿ܵһһ˿ġ
Ҫǰֵ¡
һ·ǰ濪·˹ע⵽Ÿ˿ıӰ
Ǹ˿뿪
˹ûȥϸ𰸡
õѡѾ˿ѡˡ
˿ʳϲԵңֱۣ𣿡
ͷɫµңŬסҲҰɡ
˿ܺҡ
Ťͷ˿⧲Ưϸǵһˮ⡣
᲻㡣°ڽֱۺ˿Ҫμסӡ
˿ӣ˵뾡һа취Զһ𡣡
۾ô룬ڶҡڲԭ
ʧ˿ͷἫᴥ۽ޡ
ĺ˼˲á
ʮڵ٣ܰͻȥĵطƬݵغ޲ָͬĿϣ
ʮͷĸʨҰȮڸ˿ڣ̲ԳĸʨƳڱӰŲӿ죬Ϲ۲ĸʨ
͸˿ĸʨ̴ȥǡ
塱һصȺҪ뿪ʱܼܳվԣһֻץסĿȡ
ԴһȦΧߵĶĵûдĲ
ĸʨǵĿ˹q룬˿ܣԼضĻռˡ
ĸʨȺߵ˿ʵҪܴѡڸ˿λſ£мֻĸʨǳǽͣq˿ԭһ档
̵Ļû˿ȫע߽ȥĵط塱ƿ塱գ۾һᣬĬĬ߿˿ת뿴ͻȻʧ
ڳĸʨҰȮп塱Ĭ
ȷ紵ܳʱ䣬Ƕһͷ˿ڴᱧԹ˵ûлȥ
ǴļеĻ룬˿һתѾտҲڡ
ڻȥˡ˿룬ĴæߵҲæڲԭĺۼһƮɢ
ͻȻʧ𾪹̲סΪ˿еģߵ˿ߣԴο
˿ƽʱ޲ͬβ˦£ʿСģ
ȥ
qŸ˿뿪ıӰߺôͰ
Ϊ˽˿ĸʨҪһ㣬ʱҲ͸˿Ϊʽ
²ۣŸߣνӡ
ĸʨ׷׸͡
ϲĸʨǵۣۼ֤ʧЩҰȮ߻ر˷ܺУ
ڸ˿ûбҪתۼ䣬ĸʨɢɾظأǹվԭأܾ˼عʨȺ룬ţȻ˿ͷǸ˿µζȥӦ뿪
˿̲ԣʸ˿ȥʱ˿ֱ˵ؼˡ
һ仰Сĺü죬Ǵˣġҡڲԭϡ
Ψһοǣ˿ε
ͦĽ˿Ը뿪˿ָǰֱһҹǲ׽ڹľ½ʳ˿ʧĵطſ棬۾Ϣ
Ϊɺϣÿҹڸܿ˿Ӱ
Ϊ˿ˣʵ˿һֱû߳
һȥûлãϣֻи˿ػš
źڱ櫵ġҪȰִŵĸ˿ˡ
˿šȻÿʧĵط
ȴĵʮ죬ԭ¹꣬˿ϵëҶµˮʪǰ֫ϵˮרע档
˿
һҶסҰ˿ɵɵ̧ͷͷûüջȥЦӯӯǰһܸɾƯ·
һˮڸ˿ıϣ˿ǻصҵܾˡ
ҸϿкööҪ㡣
˵
á


84
۾˼߰㣬ҲȷԼܻܲȥĬĬ֣һ٣ۡ
һѾ©ֱ۸ܵ¶ûб仯ۣڲԭϣǰǸ˿ĸʨǵıӰʧеģｨ裬ǰûлȥطܴܲ˻ȥҪ飬֤ʧܡ
򴽣һ׼ǣŲڲݵϣǰĿռȴŤ˿ĸʨǵıӰת˻ɫͿѻɤӷ˺ͷĿѣʧȥʶǰһ룬ԭ̫䰵
ˮеζѣıУŬ۾
Űɫ컨忴˺ܳʱ䣬ɬת£ֱϴŵ룬ǺܺõӲԭԽˣ͵ҽԺ
ʵܣͼ
ŲĶòڿŮ顣
תϣŮ˴ߵߣ촲ͷĺаť
ʿΪ壬ʿıûβͣǴ룬лصִʵС
ŮһֱעķӦʿ˵еӪһ
Ů˵ͷʿ뿪Ů˿˵ã
ҽȽʱ
Ƚ죬ɤΪɬɳƣҲʶ㡣
ȽʱΪˮȣһˮ¶ǣһ
Ƚʱ˯졣
ѲʺϳĶѾò׼ʺԵķˣʮӺ͹
㲻ʶҺҵƬ
ӹĿƬĳظкѣθлδȫʧ۾ſ˿ȽʱְĿƼ˾ȫܳг40%ĿƼƷҹ˾졣
ɻ
ƾһȽգȷȽҶȽʱʲôϵ㡭ȵң
Ƚʱ΢΢һЦĳԺŴ仹˵һָĸо
ǡ
Ѿ֪ͨڵĵλ˹
ȷӲԭԽĵصһʯĵط·κгôôɣȽʱ
¶ɫллҡ
Ƚʱ
ҲҪ㡣
̧һֻüģеˡ
ȽʱƬãϢ壬ʿ
ߵſڣȽʱŰϣ˵״̬һһٹ
Ƚʱ˼ˣ⣬ش
סǵ˲Ƚʱ뿪Ʊ´򿪱ĶڣȽҶĶҲڣȽʱûжĶ
ȥվӣϴŲϵ˿ɴϣ˫ֳ࣬ûôˣʯסʧԺһҹֳˣ϶ᱻ׷ʣȽʱݷ֪һС
ˮͷϴȥϵˮ飬Լѡ
ˮڡ
»ص£ѷͰСˣ嵭򵥵ķˣʳȥӣʿҪԺ
ʿУ廹ûȫ
ҵԼϱҧ˼ҿҩͿԡ
ûѾżԺģʿε˾ҽ˵ԳԺܳԺ
ӱҧذҩʱҶϸҪסԺ۲졣
û˵ĲǱ๷ҧģ˵ʿΪˡ
ˣżԺҽҩѶȽŮʿΪġʿȰһᣬȻ뿪
ӱó·ϣմţⳤŵվվһǰ
ʵѪȵĲԭ๷ҧϲӣޱ鿴ˡ
Ƚʱģ
ԡһ˻ش
ӲȥΪҽԺĽ㣬˿һᣬ˻ȥŹϡ
ڲϷű죬ֱϵ쵼ʦ㣬ǰסǣʦ쵼ۿˣı˵ͺá
ʧӣǶ֪ȥˣѩأ𣿡
ʦ㸧ıֱµצۣʱԮֻҵ˷ѩǺ;Ԯұܣûм㣬ԮΪʧ̫棬Ǳ˿ʧ١
ҺѾʧԭ򣬷ʯĵطѾǵһˣһη£һǰ
֣ѩûʧԣѾˣҲҽԺסš
ʱһȽʱŮҵΣ˵ԸѩҽҩѣΪѩṩȽҽƻ
û뵽ȻȻˡ
ǲĴԽˣʦСʵֱϵ˺צۡ
ԡ
ĶΣ˵ǵԡ
ʦδһᣬνŵǾУǧ߱ˡ
ҡҡͷҾȽʱ֪ΣʶȽʱ𣿡
κȻ̾ʶɡ
ȻҲҷѩ㶼
ȽʱǰǰԺŮͺһֻ棬ڲϢһֱоܹԽʱյ顣
ѩ㣬Ϊ
ѩֻǵʯǰ£㲻ͬȻҲע⵽ſڵġ񡣡϶㡣
û
Σ˵һ󣿡
εͷǣʮˡȽʱûѡݣɷܶڸλϡ
ȽʱӣΪȽʱʮ꣬ᡣ
˵ϷһȽʱƬԣڿƼ˾ܼ࣬Ͷҽơ
ڵҽƳɾͷﵽͨ˽Ӵӻ˥Ѿ顣
ȽʱΪ͸¶Ź죬ΣԺҰɡ
ξȵôżȰãԺλûء
ǵҲǵ˵ĶԣȽʱҹʱյ£ĿһҲ¡
Ҫߡסε֣Σˡ
ְ̧ɢͷ𵽶󣬡˺öࡣ
ӣ£ȽʱҽӴл˼
ΪʲôҪоʱյ£
ҲܸԭĶΣա
ȽʱоܴԽʱյĻȽʱͶҽƣµĺͶȽʱԽԭץѪ
ԽĶ
ԺԭһϻȥʯĵطΪûз仯
Ӧ˿صԭ磬Ҳ취һ
ԭʦʵڲԭϺͶˣ
ᶨĬһᣬˣԣͶѣһһͷ
κʦ㻥˶ԷһѣȷûΡ
ʦЦ£Ϊİģ벻Ծ˺ͻ
𾪣˵ڲɡܰϣʦ㻳ڲԭëѪӡ


85
Цãڲԭûǵֵز
μʶ㣬Ĭһᣬ˵İ׶ʾõԣȻѾˣθɡ
ʦͷ󲻳һͷԭ¿ԽģվǶͬε˵ǰȻˣָǰξ
ʱղԭڵ飬ԺڼС֪ξ㲻Ҫ߱ˣǡ
Ƚʱʦ㿴ΣΣ𣿡
οҲǿڲԭľȽʱҪԼжȽʱǷš
㲻Ƚʱκιڲԭʱյ£ԸҴ绰һ㡣
״̫ãȰҽԺ
סε֣лл
ͷﺬοĹ⡣
εֱϣů
ͬʱǸΣ޷Ӧڲԭľ
ƽӲԭԽӶ룬ʱĴڣԹȥԻٴδԽԭ
ˣΣ֪ȽҶ𣿡
Ƚʱйϵ𣿡
ȽҶ
䣬β˵ǰԺ˵һŮˡ
һʯ˶ʧˣˣûл
ô֪
ȽҶһԽԭǰǽ̻˶ԣǺͲԭϵҰȮεĹϵϧĳЩҰѱǰǲôˣһֱûлȥ
ȽҶǰĴǲԭҰȮҵġΣΣ֪ȽҶһж˵
˼ǣǰԽԭˣҲ֪ԴԽץĹؼ۾һ°Իȴ
ʦµҺˡ
κʦķӦɻƤû˵𣿡
ҡͷǱϾûۼҲ˵ġ
˵ĳһڿŶʧĵطƤ֪ڲԭ顣
ԺĴ˵ϸĳЩϸڶԲϡ
Ѿ˺ܶˣ֪߿ܶȥˡ
ȽʱȽҶûйϵǰǰԺȽҲ֪ΪʲôĺȽա
ʯ֮ǰȽҶӦѾˣ֣ʱԺڵĹԱûмĽָһֱһöָЦЦشȽҶʧٺļĽû֡
ûΪʯʧ϶ܳΪԺεҿǰƬʱ༼ûôãȫǺڰգĺƯ
֮⣬Ҳˡ
öָȽҶȷʵҪѱʼǱͽָһڵ£ϵĸǺƤһͻִǲйǡ
ΪҪϢ
Źϣû˿˯⣬˵Ƚʱûж⣬ΪȽҶȽʱйϵȻûУȽʱ
Ӳ򿪱óͲͲĿʼ໯мֽ򿪡
ΣҪʼǱȽҶдʲô
ֽúܴ࣬ҪᷭƤ
ȽҶּܹʱôּ꣬ϡɱ棬²ȽҶʱӦ̼īˮ

ҺܾţҺҵŶʯٴһޱ޼ʵĲԭܳǣûκ࣬ҺŶ˻𣬼һȡůĸǷʳ

Ŷ˷ǳµ¼ԭĶ˵ԱֻظǵĻǽķʽ˼ֱ˼飬ֻԱûǣ룬һߣ̽˵
ʮ
زȥˡ
ʮ
дռˣÿֽϼ¼ڣҲһֶȹʱĸоİҹ棬Ŷӹãÿ춼˱ʹޣһȺʨӣΪǵʳԭΣأǱ취
¶ʮ
ԭﻹκδﶼݲҽ쿴ĳ档
----
ȽҶдռǵʽ¼ڲԭӣĶЩ֣ǰ·ȽҶűӣһһд¸дԽԭܺܿӦǰǵŬ
ָϿŵʫ䣬ִѰȽҶʼǱֵй֦֡
һ
ˣڵֵĵص㸽棬Ѿѧ˲ժԳԵĹӻ׽㣬ʨȺǵĶԽͣˣǻûбԵˡŬֹҹ̧ͷϵǣܻ룬Һ㿴ͬһƬ£Һ㡣
----
ڴϣʼǱǰ̯£¡
Ϥ֣ǵԼ
ң֣ܴŮԵ֣ȽҶдµֻ֣ҪɵӣƷȽҶ֮Ĺϵ
ָҧסָڣ֦أ
ڽָϿ̵һʫ
һᣬȻ££֦£
ļպܺʱ࿴˼ۡ
һݺܳ¾ɵļʱ֦µǩһڡԺǩλá
˫ֲûֻδ绰κܿ¼ʵΣǰǰԺǽ֦Ůԣ
԰εôˣ
û¡ðΣش
ȫˣȽʱȽҶûֱӹϵȴΪ֦˼ӹϵ
£֦ºȽҶ֮ͬ԰鲢ʱͬǻһԺ﹤ܹȽҶ˽ָͬǴûмġ󡱣ȽҶʧ֦һŮȡȽʱ
˭һ
ûѱʼǱͽָͻȥȽҶǿǱʼǱᵽ֦µ֣˿ٱɡ
ѱʼǱϣ´Ȧƽ¼飬Ȼ̤ſڣſվڵ˵鷳ȽʱŮʿһ¡
һֻͨȽʱĵ绰
ڲڵɳϵţȽʱܿˣϢ΢΢ңŵõŽ벡ɳϡ
Ƚʱȿ˵Ϣͨˣ
ٴμȽʱȻ޷ʮϵһ𣬲֦ţŮʮ꣬˵ȽʱʱҲܴˡ
ҧ´һöĲָġ
ָĳ¾ɿʽִĲ롣
ȽʱվĵĽָ׼ˣȽʱסӣһᣬʵöָġ
ʵд𰸡
Ƚʱȡ۾ͷ룬סҪӿ⣬ôꡭ
Һܴľϲлл㡣Ƚʱʣȥһˣܳס𣿷ģҲ˺㡣
ҲŪȽʱоʱյԭ򣬰ѽָˣȥҲûκ壬ԡ


86
Ƚʱһܹӵıשߣ㳤ɽէһɭɵشλ÷ǳãΧûнڵʱʱ̶̿ܵ⡣
ԶӦ򿪣ȽʱѳʻͣͥԺС
ںͱ˵ĸоȫͬǰ軹Ǹ֣˺ůĸоеݣȽʱ¥ſȽʱ߳ȥŵһҩζ
һλŮӭȽʱ̣۵ë
𣿡Ƚʱʵ
Ů˻ش𣬡ѣ̫á
˵ܺͿǺҶҶŮ˲˼ЦЦȽܣĲ̫
û¡Ƚʱʾȥˡ
Ů·΢΢ͷףá
Ӧò
ľ̵˫Ƚʱƿһȣһӣ˵Խˡ
߽ȥҩζԴ䷿ܴһȲ磬ˮī漸ʳɾһŮ˵Ĳ
һſȴȫ򿪣װɫᱡ䣬Ųƹ磬Ƚʱ԰ţϵˣֲۻǱۣһͷ׷ԺӦúܴˣΰϵֻʣһƤš
ԼԼһ롣
Ƚʱתҵ裬֦£ľ
׼Ƚʱڽʱû̫ľȣȻǰ˵Ӧһٶˡ
Ƚʱ䲻ôҽ֦ܻҲ֡
ȽʱڣѴϳͱڻͲ򿪣ѧȽʱ£չͲ
֦°ϵĹݺᣬؿΪ΢΢š
ֱöָڳ͵ƹ£ͷģ˾ñİˣ˸Ŷ˵Ĺ
֦˷ӦΡΡ̧֣ݵָöָҪָ⹴סСһ߻ǣȽʱöָ˵裬Ľָһԡ
֦µͷСȵ˵㣬ӺҶǡġ
ȽʱȦ죬վߵͷǰ򿪳ȡһöȽҶһģһĽָҼһֱָˣĽָߴȥ䣬ҾͰѽָѾʮˡ
һģһĽָʶءȽʱ˵öָ֦µ
סһӸɱۿ
Ƚʱ˺ܶܶ꣬ллѽָ
ʵҲԥҪҪȽҶǰĶϣû뵽֦ԺڵȣҲԲԸȽʱ̶סȽʱռһȴĿͶʵĴ⡣
裬һܾ档ȽʱǮңȴȽõѧУҵҺŬѧϰҪϣзĵ·һִ˿Ƽ˾ԺҵֵԼҴûмһλĸȽҶȫҡ
ҲҺܴһԭԸҵȽҶҲȥƬصĲԭȽҶµĺۼ
鵽䶼ټǰŨҵʱֿģ˫Ҳû棬ִرܻڣȫǮĵȥԸ
СʱʹȥһƫƧ·վ·ڷ֪ȽҶʧĵطȽҶͿŶʧ͵͵Ǹط죬ƤдȽҶıʼȼϣյһΣ֪ȽҶˣҪԺ£ϽֵƤ̫棬ԺڵĹԱ£Ҳûκΰ취費ұ¶ȽҶĹϵųִţʮ꿱촩ԽصĵƣҽӹصзԽʱյĻһֱûгɹܾһĿŶһʧˣҲͨ
зԽʱյĻ
ȽʱЦ£ڵĿƼѾܷˣÿ䶼ڷĳԽ֪飬Խ飬зܴԽʱյĻôȡ
뷢Ļ͵ӰݵĲͬ򿪽ȥ°ťʱͿԴԽȥֺѰ쵽ԽȥԭֻҪ֪ҵɡ
ܹԽĵصźͱĵطͬĴųоЩ£Ƭųܹ򿪡
ϵõȽҶʧʱ򣬶ʯֻҪϴģʯֵһٴδԽԭ
ģ̤Ƚʱߣ㡱ڲԣ˼ŵȻ֪ܹԽԭıзڲﻹҪʲô⣿
Ƚʱûȫзֻȥ㣬йȽҶ顣
ҺܴľϲȽʱĿͶϵ֦£ƽסղµѾɺԣ˿̰Ϸ
ʲôʱȫɹʵ
ȽʱƬ죬ȽҶѾˣڲԭĶûҪټ
۲ɫȽʱϣҼзȥ
ѵصԭ
֣ףԡ뷨ûиȽʱ
ôѪֻһţȽܲѡɡȽʱԻصԭϣ
˵ȷʵûáȽʱɴԭĶͣǿִԸǣֻǣƻԭƽ⣬ڷԲԭĶãҲá
֣ҿзŶӼȽҶĶĸлȽʱСۡ
ĵл
ܵʱҪ顣Ƚʱϸ룬ֵ𡣡Ƚʱڲԭеǵ£о仰˵ˣֻһţȽʱȷʵŶӼз
ӦģҪһĴۡ
ɺҪʵƷʵƷڴųӰ±ɵԳѪȽʱѡ
ҴӦüᶨᡣ
ߵȽʱİзķѵԹⱾ飬ȽʱҲԸ
Ҫסᡣ
ȽʱüۼĹâ𺳵ûȥġ˭
ҾбҪ֪һ£ģʯֵҪ²ɡ
ѾԤϵҪõö࣬˵ҵš
ԽʱյĻдԽ𣿡¥ʱڵڲĲϣŵݾﷴӰ
֦µľָܵͣңȽʱѱķչ֦¡
ͻҽԺ
ᡣȽʱ϶ʮзĻֻһΣ̫ϧˡ

һᾡŶӼӿٶȣȡܼܿȽʱƽ˵


87
ҽԺס˴ʮ죬ûκβӦ֢Ժκʦ˼ҡ
һСԢûлҾϸһ㱡Ļңʦæɨս
ֵ죬ԼӦ˲ԭ¶ȣȻûо̫ȣԭɹ˵ֱѾȫˣڵɳϣӴ⿴ȥĽֵĳͼžտĲԭȫͬ˻ʵС
߹ÿһ˶һٰࡣ
סҽԺЩ죬Ƚʱû찴ղҵĵַľסĵطţţȽʱźȹ˿۾˺ɫīżɽ˵ȥˡ
ȽʱȥϴլͥԺͣ˲ٳȽʱſˣ¥ϣǰû֦µӰηڴߣװɫ硣
һ·ϣȽʱûп˵ҲûʣĿĵѾﵽѷɵĴ̶סʲôʱ£
ȽʱվǰժīĴҲûκڵ¶ǰ賿㣬ʱ鿴ûϢ
Ҳˣñ˵Ϲ
ȽҶĶȫɢˡ
ȽʱǲܵģÿҪ顣
Ϊλ廳ȽʱָƽͷӦȡһļ̫̫ʱͿʱѣıʼǱÿ춼ڿϿˣҲˣʮһǸġ
򿪿
ӹü𣬵ȿݣȵУ⡭
ôҪ֦ԺǮ
Ƚʱû̫ķӦ֪ݣԼй˾ʲ̫̫µĲƲֻҪϷԸ˭͸˭
֦µĲƲȻҲ֣ͨ˵Ҫ
˵˳ְȽҶĶ֦ٸжѹ˾ɷݺͷ̫Ϸ
Ƚʱ£Ȼ㣬°ɡ
ʱµҲûȨġ
û˲ϲǮȽʱСȱǮǮ˵ȽҶһ档
ôꡣȽʱͷЦЦԸա
ȽܣҺ֦Ժ׷ǹʡҿ԰ʲתƸ㣬Ů
Ƚʱڰ֣Ҹա
ҴСҵѾ㹻ˡ
֦ԺŲ֧ЩǮ͵Ͷзʱջʽ𡣡
Ƚʱվߵߣϸ˿ԡµӣ޳ϵɴѾȥ¼˱һѪ
ڲԭӺգȽҶ¼ռǣԲԭϿԽĶϲռƣδǰѪȤ
ܻŻȽʱΪһ漣ŲǸ¸ߵļν
ܰɡȽʱļ򣬡ڲԭ沢Ż˲𡣡
зɹԽԭʨӻ๷֮Ĵʳ⶯ִƷǣһķա
û㣬ҪȥԷա
ȻҲȽʱѾʮ꣬Ͳ̫ࡣ˾Ц
صʱԻκģ·ϱ콵޲ʲô
е޺˸ֻһˣɳϣǽϹŵڼžÿһ붼ᷢɵ
˿ڸ
ΪֻСӲ𣬻Ϣ
ᵽĸо
͸˿ֿûа£ĺѰ
֦ºȽҶֿô꣬ÿһÿһôɹģȵ֦µľҪúܶ࣬ͷ
һᣬӱз˿··ڻɳ۾
Ժ룬ٹ²ԭҪӭʱ˿ܻʳݶǨ㣬ԭأҪȥĶ
ܴԽزԭڲԭٴʮ죬Ҫܶܶණ
쾭̫࣬ƣ˼Ļܿ˯졣
ɳϹ̵̺ס壬ۣﻹ·š
ڵ̺ϣϵ˯ȹ䵽ϸĳӳɫë̺⻬ϸ塣
Сϵ˰һСɫӡǣ׼ȥ˯·䣬ƹŹϣ洫ˮ
ǵϴѵƹرˣҲǴ򿪵ġ
ʵƫԼ̧šţᱡˮɢԡﱻˮ˿棬ɫֱˮ飬ָԡױأˮ۴ָ䵽שϡ
Կհһ˲ȥΪʲô˿ԡף߽ȥ΢ש汻ˮ££˫ִԡױأ˿ɫͫ
ỽ˿ôģ
˿ָЦңҾˡ
ˮ֣һˮ˳Ÿ˿Ĳȥ˿۾ܣˮ󣬸˿βʹˮ︡ɵëѾˮʪĴˮ棬ˮɢ
մˮ̤ˮ˿ȡ
˿𣬱ԡ׺档
ϱ˯ȹܿʪ͸Ƥ
˿δβȴḡֱۣ߬ס˿Ϣһ£ϴĺܸɾ
仰ǰʾͷβͶڰʾ
Լðģûʵ뷨˽ܵĿռ
ɿ˿β⻮ȡ
űˮʪĲϣβɨΧˮСܼĲ
/˿߹ƻ
˫ַ߲ȣҧס´ûȫ˿ĻֻѲϲһԡ
û谭иʵңڸ˿࣬ƴסĸо
ԡױؽӲĲץѵۣ˫ִڸ˿ϡ
˲ĺֲִܽһĶأ˿ĶҲء
һϲˮ
˿ҧĶ䣬ϲ
СͻȻٶŸ˿ļҪվ˿ᣬ§ס
ֲԡˮһŵ̻۽ˮʪġ
˿۾ѧġ
˿ûлشѲ꣬С£¡
ˮܱһܣһ߻Ҫע˿ΪϢε
֮ƽ⡣
̲סĴԡףԡ׹⻬һˮĤӡ
ˮݾˣȱԴκ˫ǰһƬˮû˿
˲ѣֱ壬ԡֻһˣﻹи˿Ӱůˮʪ͸˯ȹ򺮲
䲻Ǽٵģѣղεʵʧ
յ̫ͣҵң¶ȵߣȴûκ˯⡣
˼ҹΡ
ĳ߶ȸԺܸߡ


88
ָÿϰ°࣬κʦʧ·飬ѩĳҽԺ
ϰΣԺͬ¶εŲɡ
кϵõģÿͶιȡϵ
֦µЧʦŲι֦µķһĶܱߵķ羰ܲվ̨ϣܷ紵ӵʡ
Ųп֣ԼǮˣÿ궼ȥ֦ºȽҶ
Ƚʱ˫Ĺλ֦ºȽҶһѽָǵĹѨУûаͷϣԶһ
һʵϣ뿪ԭѾʮ죬Ƚʱϵ֪ʱջѾɡ
մԽĹɣӲԭصִҪʮ죬˵ԺĹ²ٸȥþδĲˮȴε嶯˶̾ȥɣ׼ļ١
ļʾ⡣
Ҫ֤һٻ
õε׼׼ȥԭҪĶȽʱĳ
ȽʱܣʱջǺܸƳɵĳУָ˸ؿڣܿ졣
Ƚʱע⵽Ķܽǰɣ
ЦЦǡ
ϾҪһзˡ
ʧˣζûлٻȥ
ȽʱˣҪ
ķҪԸ֪𣿡
ȽʱҪܸߣڵĿռܴڷһźʯӣһ裬Ƚʱıˮ
˫ַռ£ҾȽףࡣ
Ƚʱµˡ
Ǵ԰ɡ
˵İ£ͬమ𾪡
ȽܵĽҲǿ
Ƚʱһڲˮҵͣ׵鶼ˡ
ֻǲ̫⣬ϲԭĶ
п̰ӡǿԽ̬ȻΪδԭʼ
ȽûͶദǲ˽клҲһʨӻҰȮ󲿷ֶġ
ݲ̫׼ȷ˼һ£Ǻ˺ҵġ
ʹڲԭܹ
ȽʱϵЦ⣬٣޷Ͷĸ飬ҵĺˣĺһƬԭϵĶʲôӡ
Ӳԭʱûһ𣿡
ͫʶȽʱû˵
ȽʱһˮǴڲԭͦõġ
Ƚʱ˼ʮ꣬ܿı仯ƺ̫ϲԭĶǡ
˵˼άʹȽʱܿ췴ӦͨȻʧЦ㵣һںĶǲ
ҲץоġȽʱıϣҶ﷽ûȤо
ѡ
ԿǰǴǵʱڲԭѣʱջĳɹҸұ֤аٷ֮ʮϣһβУΣȥԭ
ȥԭҪʮܻʮڿܻᷢܶʣҽ㳢Դ
Ƚʱǵ⣬ЩҲʱմԽϣ´᲻ɹһĳΣա˵ȥˣ룬ҪǵܻӰ졣
ȻҲ͸˿ԡڴϣһЩֵ飬ֻѨ˿ܸӴ̼ĳ
ʵ
ȽʱŶзʱջҪʮܵõֵܵҶġ
ȽʱԶûġ
ԽʱռСĻʷϣ㻹²ܴȽʱ˵һµɺϻɽķӦͬ壬ҲԴԽʱ硣
ʯ·ƫƧȽʱĹԱǳ㣬³ûγȣ±ǣͭǽڰΧ
˾𣿡ͷһ϶һ嵲סСڵĵƹȫһ˸ߣڲɸסʱջʡ
Ƚʱ׼ûߣʻĹԱΪϴηʯȽҵزţа·ͽ裬ġ
ģʱջϵĺڲƿŸеĹ״ƽңϣ
Ƚʱ²ٿ̨ϵİťŴ򿪣Ҫɽȥ
ûκγɴŶȥʵʵ棬ȽʱڳϺ˵Ļʱջаٷ֮ʮĳɹʣһ٣ȽʱִڲϣȷҪ𣿡
˼ӣĴ𰸸ҡ
аٷ֮ʮĸʲɹŵĲϺ⣬ܼ̣⣬ڵѹܵѹ
ãȷҪ˵꣬
Ƚʱ룬°ťź£
棬ʮָսֱס
Ƚʱվп̨ǰ۲ķӦ
ڵѹʼȽʱٶһ㡣
ȽܣٶֵŽ͡
ü𣬱۾ȡ
Ƚʱһʱ񣬡ܲסͣ
á
Ƚʱû˵ٻʱմԽĺ࣬ڵĿϡƴһԺԤ˿ĳԽʱһγɹʧܺ
߰Ļɢϵʹ࣬˼ƮƮȻ֮ʣһᣬֱȾ⣬µĲı
šݡĵƹȫϨ
ȽʱæȥͣˣĴԽѸʧܣȽʱñõƹӣ¿ŵİťտҲ
Ƚʱסòһξ͹
ʶԼزԭۣģҶϵȿֺ䵽·ϣɾ·ʪһƬ
ϴһڲݵϣȴмĲͬʱջĳɹΪ޴𺳺;ϲȲ˼ҹĻſǰԶλá
޾˼һЦӯӯ˿
ٶתͷ뿪Ц˵ô첻ʶˡ
ǻĳ㯴ӻǲǼûˣʮ졣
Ϊʲôһԭؿ˿ıӰ˵˿һֱڸ´Լ
ȵˣҲˡ
ǰ˾ʮŲͣڸ˿ǰ˿̧ͷ˺ͻԶУ˿ҵܾˡ
Цʮڷȫ߸˿
˿˵ģ
ȥһˣԸң˿˶ü£һʵİ忿
˵Ļ˿Щ̫䷳ͣ˵ʱջĳɹ˿Ҹ㣬һȥʱգ


89
δ뿪ԭʱͺ͸˿˵뾡һа취һ
»صԭ֤ľġ
ԭʱ֮Ѿ򿪣˿ҪȥġأβڲݵģлǲУûи׼ȷĻظ
ڵȴУԭȸԾƽ
㲻Ը⡣۾գգˣ뿪һֱĲԭȥˮ͵ĶУҪܴ
ƼķԽʱյĻܷܸ˿һͷǿĻĵطҪԡ
Ҳǿ㡣
˿Ʋתƻ⣬ȥǰɣҸǴ˶
ҿȥ˿һҪӦңԶ뿪ҡ
ղŸ˿ڳɣĵطջܶ࣬Ǹ˿ղܽģԵ֣ǸƺʱջĴߣ˿ΣС
ǰڲԭһ仰˿Ϊе֪֪ˣսʤ
˿Ļԣĸ뿪㡣ЦҺҵ쵼˵ͻƽҲܿշźΣڲԭͻమ
Ҷһһ⡣۽ޣطȥ˿
͸˿ĸչȷʵܿ죬ʮ죬Ͱѷ֣
ͻȻһʮû棬ðɬ
˿ܼļֳ˵ֻǰצͷ࣬ߵĺܽͷֻ׵ľ룬ĺϣġ
ϲĺɫߵ㡣
еš
һݣس˿һһ⡣
ĻҲǡ
һ󣬸˿ĺֵԽԽߣڣ˵µʵд߻˿˵Һ㡣
룬Ҳ롣
˵ٲһΪһʯͷ
ıͲӣһˣԺ󲻻ٷֿ
˿ſ죬ҧļ
һ黨ȹø˿ܾޡ
ȺҧڼϵĲʪˣǿ鼡
ӹһֻƿ˿ִıϡ
˿΢΢ͷȮҧϸָۣЦˣGɿ
ɡ˿˵
һȣ㶼ôҵġ
˿ɿָͷţĲᵽԹҧĵطһֱ¡
סȹӸ޷ס˿ȵĺƺܲãǳһŽ/ϵôʱûм棬ţּˣǽڸɲݶϣܾĻûΣںΪһƺߡ
˿ϲʧص
ǰİвͬҲʹ࣬˿ļһ顣
֪𡣡˿ͣ£ͷһڡ
Ϻܱϡܱ˿ͷϵĵ̡
ĸ̣Ժ︡ĸξ
Ҳǡૡ
˿ãβڶѨ𡣡
֪ͨ
ָ̧ϣһʳɫҲ
˿˵ʲôһһ̫Ͷ룬˿ľԴ󽵵͡
ĵȹǱʲôסͷһֻϥǻߵСȹڡ
͸˿ûз֡
Сߣæƿ˿ţ
С죬ԭЩǳҵëȥϵƤëɫԽԽޡ
˿𿪣ȻʮԶĵطһڲϣ߻ŷɯͺ١
ˣɰͰ͵·ͫб
˿̧צԲԴ³Ķ
̬Ⱥܲá˿˵Ҳ𡣡
̧Ҫ㿪㶼ҡ
ҸջûáȻֻСӣĽ͡
ˣƢֻСǰСӶȿͺٸ߳һأı䲻ɵԸ
ͺٽˣҸ˿û뵽Ȼǲÿģæסûס
˵Щɵ
кε㣬Ҳ֪㡭æ
˿νһۿкڱ櫵ζͺڱ櫸շֿ
ƨ̧£ε˭շֿ
ûд
˿ǿһϸصȥ
ڵֻи˿ڱ櫺Ϳġ
㣬ո˿̵ĸԣӦ櫸ϳأû뵽櫹ڸ˿ء
ڿİԣܸȤڱ櫻ûꣿ
˿صϡ
˿Ҳ𡣡
˿ûǣֻ˽ԽϸԽúڱǶԵġ
ᣬûá
ɯߡ
ɯ᲻ÿǣһͷ裬ߵﶼҵͿ档
ûһԽԽ죬ܵ뿪
ֻС˦˸˿ѲΪǿҡı
컵˼ɵ⣬ڵڵһԴͶ䣬һᣬϣβ˦˦ȥֻצ۾ĸ
ع̾ۿһЦ⣬Ŭֱͦһ㶼
ĺ룬ˣӲˡ
һûԭ㡣С˵
ԭҰɡ
ͺٲֱۣ̲ס˵춼ʸ˿ʲôʱ
Ҳһˡ
ƺвֵԺҲһء
ٲĻ棬ðҺͿһ顣
Һǿ׳ͦظ
Сڶ죬Цҡҡͷ
ɯһԿûпн䱸
ЯİóɫĲȦԼģֻСȫϣߴոպá
ֻС濴ŶԷĲӣٴᵹɬ˵ԭˡ
Ժ뿪ˡ
ԴûдӦ룬һί˵ȵ꣬ǾͲֿ
ʱ׳־Ҫ⡣
˿ƽĶӸ䲻󡣡
Դϥϣ˻˵ڲϲ˿ˡ
Ķ䡣
ͺٶϲɫӣ˲ԭɫǺ档
ɯƲסߣڿϹ˵ɯҲС
ֻСӶõƯȦ˿أʲô
һۣ𴽽ǣң𡣡
˿̧ͷ˿գʼȲڴҹ١


90
ϢһڲԭѸٴǰ뿪˿ڸεӴ˵๷ȺµŮ
Ůаס
ֻа׵๷ǹ޵Ů
״ܺ๷Ⱥݴ˵Ҫս׵Ĵ๷ܶࡣ
Ϊδ꣬ðʱ򣬽Ҵܰʵ๷ɡ
ʵҲкôֻ๷͸˿г𣬸˿ɴ
Ǵڸ˿أ޷ƿزԭϢһˣǴ죬˭֪ʹԭĵһ档
ϻظ˿أͬ˿
һ֤صĵطҲһ๷
ϣ͸˿ϵܺõ㣬˿ãԼزϢ
ǿԣ˿ԲС
뿪q˿û˿أ˿Ͱչ˼ܵӸ˿кܴܺĵ⡣
жԹϵһ֮ǰ˿վںߵ£β˦˦ȥ⻬ƤëˮһĹ󣬺֮Ÿ˿
ʾĵͺεļ˿ٸǰһȥҧ
˿ڲݵϣԶԶ
˿˿û뿪˼ֱ˿ǸһԵսľ¶յɫ룬ڸ˿˿ҪʱܵߣʨӴܡ
˿˼ڳûһצӰĵĮ˵ÿ
˿򲻸ʾ΢΢ǣǣ¡
ǴҪ𣿡
ãԸߡ
ҴȥqءǵĶ䶶˶ʨȺҲһֱһعʨȺء
ҰȮϿ϶ҲỶӭ
졣˿ѹͫʱϸСǵһ˵޷ܡ
ǵһ뿪ҵء
Ǳеƫ˿˼Ļ˿̫˽ˣǺҲѣ
Ҳѣ˿˿
ǰqܷڿ˿qһ뵽Ҳ˿񲻼Ρ
˿Ҳִ֣ΪֻҪԼţлһ
͸˿һܶûмˣʧڲԭϣ˿ȻΪҲˡ
죬˿
ңҼ˿ЦŨڵޱȣҲ˿һǿ׳һƯ
ֻ΢Сѡ
ģҲ
֮ǰദ̫æ̫˽ҡ
ŵĻ
øղΪ˵
ػزԭѾȫ̫ɹŲݵأ˿΢΢𣬡ںһһ⣬ֻҡ
ûκλᡣ
ĸʨȲ̤ҵء˿мǲע⣬ȥ˿˿
Уǰ˼צӣ屻ײһԣŭһҲҵս֡
ͽվڶΪͻȻסˣʨӴ򶷵ܿøĿܹ˿ʨӴܣϳһֻǣȻɻ󣬲ܿȥ˿սĵ̼ӴŨһͷڱٱΪٶȹ죬´򻬣Ưƻ⡣
˿ȥ塱ֻߣŲеıӺʨӣҪǰĲֻϴ죬ӵϾһѲУܰʳ⶯ﻥɱĻ档
ǰȰͣ
ÿֻ϶в̶ͬȵĸˣ˿ء
Ŀת̾ʱ˿Ҳۡ
˿һ
ڱ櫵ͷϱצӻõ˿ڣ˿ڲأҲûбĶڹעǣǳڣվ˶Ƥë㿪ڱ櫣ߵ˿Ҳࡣ
ſβ˦˼£ת뿪
ˣһۣ˼Լǲе֡
˿ҴӦȣټ㡣һᣬ˵ԺǱˡ
˿һģſڵϣ쳤ӣ°͸ڲݵϣ۽ëգţβŻصҵ㡣
֪ȥ⣬ΪʲôҪ˵˿ͷŤһԡ
ϵ˺ۣǻܻˣ˿ҸκθӦ
ƺҲ˿ִţżΪУʧܵһü
˿תװĺܶһͺڱ櫵鶼ûҪҵ¡
Ҳˣ߷ץ˿졣
˿ǰԿ侲¡
˿˿Ҫ˿򲻹ܲˣΪ˿ѡ
ȥֻ˿Ρ
Ȱ߿˿֪ʲô
˿Ļ񱻾ϵĴš
˿ͻȻ˵ϲҵأǾʹŰɡ
СӶԶһ㣬ȻĻҧ㡣
˵ȥҹʵԡ
˿ߺ󣬲˿Ϊ˿ת̬Ȳ⣬Ҳˡ
֪ΪĶ̫࣬ЩٰӲšλǸ˿ģѵλкܶܶࡣ
˿ĶԲֹһ˿꣬ͶӣƢǰ̫࣬ȥ˿û죬ֻ걪ӹ˿һܵˡ
룬˿ǷܡС
qǶйԸ˿ǲǻܼá
ʹ죬˿βͳǵϣǣ˿ˣ
˵
϶ƤˣЪϢһͻȥɡ
˿۾˿Ը¡
ûԶ׷ϸ˿뿪ķ򣬿˿ͷʨӺһ𣬡ֻ˿ĸʨһ𣿡
š˿ҹľԡ
˿Լ̫šΪ㣬˵˿Ĳ㣬ʱͦĮģɬ
ʱҲ˿Ȼ˾䡣
ðɣΪĽ㣬ҿԶ
صԭ㲻𡣡˿˵
ʲôֲ࣬ŪϡŹֵĶҲ
ʮһһصĵطʱֻദ߲ͣԭϾĶֻʹǸӽ
ͼռһλá
˿ӺڱϵõΪҲ
һ߽ڱ櫵ġȦס˿Ľ㣬Ժڱ櫲ϲ˵Ҫ󡣡
ûӸ˿Ĵ󵨾ϻع񣬽˿ѻƵϣצӣߵ˿ǰ棬λأ
ȥɣҵ¡
˿ҷָ£ҲסҺûɵ˵꣬һ˿Ц⡣
ǳ
֮ǰ˭ڳżʧܵǷģ


91
˿ɹڸ˿ϣ˵һõͷ
˿ԹĸʨҰȮĵֻ˿Ƥ񣬴ؾþòԸȥ
ҰȮ϶ǺţֻǱͽСҰȮôԶ˿أ˼ȦײҪռ𣿡
㻹Ҷܳ
ںˮˮ¶ֻ۾ĿǳҰߣˮС
Ͻ˿ʣһۣĬĬ뿪
ںߣϵקʲô
֪ȽҶĶѾȫİˡ
ϵĴԷתʵܳ𣿡
ǲࡣ
뵽ԭ̽㼸ˣ
ϵļ́ͷȻ˦˦Դꡣ
⣬һٻ߰ʮ꣬á
˿ȥԣܰǶ£ڴִĶǵˮŽȥ峺ϵĵɹʱ䡣
Ѿˣ̾Ƭ½ǲˮܹﳤĶ
Ҫʮꡣ
ܻ߰ʮĲࡣ
ʮ꣡ҡҡͷ̫ˡ
㼸ꣿ
̹ϻأʮ塣
̫ˡϵ鷳ȸ˿˺ܶꡣ˵꣬оβͱ̧һֻ淭β͵İë
һᣬһֻ﷭Ķ䣬ͼĴҵԳԵĶ
ϵԸȶͷβռţҲû˦ɡ
£ȷʵ㣬˿Ų19ꡣͷЦ£ʮ꣬ഺŮͣԵˡ
ⲻصЦ⣬ʼĵطһ˿档
ĸģԼۼģ˵ȽҶΪʲôôǣ
ûκγɵҳϡ
Ϻܾȣô֪תһ룬ĵ⣬ǲǸӡҳϡ
סЦ̧ϵĴ䣬ԣҳϵĴ󹷡
Ͼӣܺãϲҳϡ
Ȼ˵ʱ˵ʮٻȥɣܴ𣿡
㲻𣬴ûһֻﴩԽʱչ
϶˵һ׵£ϾȰ˵˿һȥ˿;ֵܻ⣬ĵԼԼĸ˿ڴԽʱյʱ¡
ǿԽεΪ൱棬ûпƺԼܻܿᱻ׽ȥо
ʲôһ£ȳɹˣ˿Ҳȥĵطν
˿ȥᡣֱ壬˿ԽɹҲԣϣǰᲢûôɣҪʱ޿עԼᱩ¶ĸӡ
ңȥ֮󣬲ԭҲҪȥûάܻɺܿµӰ졣
ܽĶʳ⶯ұ֤ÿһֻʳ⶯ﶼ磬϶û͵צݺǿ͵࣬볢ζ
ſʹһĹǷϷңϣ˵˿׵ö࣬㶼Ҵȥ
ϸ˼£˵Ҳе
վһ뵽취ġ
û󷹣ˮ·˿úȤͷ˺ܳʱ䣬ĹӲԲ˿ʼôצӰһᣬŪһС飬һۣû˵ʲô
ȻӰͳһëӸ˿һμԲԲĶȻססצӰһᣬЦǰϣ˵ģû뵽˿İ档
˿ΪʲôЦëΪӦúܴĬĬջצ򣬶Ƥëָ߰ģҹ߳ŭźſġ
ڶ˿ëڿǰĴ𣬺ͼֻС׷ë򣬸˿ǵɵЦˡ
ëٸӲ
˿ëȤ٣Ϲۿ󷹣˺󣬷˻ᷢԹܲϲ
ߣŹĻ緢˿ߣˣ
ϵʱ͸˿ģ˿ԸҲԶԶġǸ˵
˿ͷϣ̧Ķͷûġ
˵Ҳȥĵط
ȥҲȥʱôදﲻ̫ÿơ
˿ܾ
ӽ࣬˵취֮ǰŶڲԭϣҲҸղ룬öĵط᲻ܸ
нƮ㣬˿ᣬǲϲʳ㲻ܾǣǳԵʳ
Ķ䣬ʳӪ⣬Ҳġ
ҽԺʿ˵Ӫ
Ժܶ෹Ų
˵꣬ȻҲȱӪ
˿Ⱥͱ뿪ʱʵˡ
Ⱥ˿ø˿
ðû˹ܣ˿ר־ԼĴͣԼѾϰ߸˿ͷϵĵ̣ҵȤ
˿žǿ鼡ʱﱻһı
ߵĻůڵģʮǱбţ¶ͷµһƬס
Ÿ˿ĶͲӺë
ֹ̫ѹ
޴צӰĸϣܿ챻ȷ̡
˿¼צӣβͻȥ
δ·ȹӣܷ˿
Դ굽棬Ľߣǰ˿Ը򣬾ʮûм棬˿ΪһֻϲҲҪԭӡ
೹ױ
ƺҧס´˿Ҫһط
оҪˡ
һֳֻŶͷһַֻŵ棬ܲ˵ʱ΢΢̧棬ϸĽֱ
ͷɢںԴĿհʧᷦȣ̽ͷҪ׷
ѹ֧ŵһߡ
˿צۺߵˮգʰɾԴıȥ׽ԡ
סȥ㡣
ܳԡ
˿ȥˮԴ
ҡҡͷھ˿ߣ㣬㲻̰ԣҰҲɡ
̫ˡ˿ҳԹĹӻ𡣡
ˣֲûԹôġ
ģ´θҲ
£ô
뵽ֻ棬˸˿һѣԺҡ


92
뿪Ҫˣؿڣŵ飬˿ҪֻСʱ䳤ķɿ죬վڿߣͣϴǵȦ
ŵ˿ˣ
˿˦˦βͣͷֻСҲڵʱĻ
˿һ뿪ܸ˿ɻ۵ļһá
ֻСһӣܶأǰ£Ҳס
֣˵˿һῴÿĸ߰ɡ
Ƭ̺˵˿ٻɡ
Ͷ󣬸˿ٻǵëڸ˿˼ڣ谲ġǲԭıӡ
վţֹСȥһصĵط
Сδ꣬Խȥĵطŵǡ
£Ը˿˵ͷλ赹ҪҪȽҴ·㡣
˿ԼĿǣΣͺá
ʮʱ䵽ˣȽʱӦԭص
һ䣬һж˳
˿ߴããĲԭ仯ɽУŬάס岻ȥ˦ȥͷеѣθУߣ۾ֱצϡ
Ѳһ壬ûκˣ˿ԼҲûгԤ˺
ɿԵ
ζ£˿ͻȻű෽ͺɡӰ£Ƚʱվ棬ھƬԵøĪ⣬ߵĹԱﲻĲ¶ɫԳֵͻ¶µ
ΪȽʱɡĹԱסɡָŵ΢Ƚʱָ̧סɡɡֻ߳ͷ޲ԭĻûκ
˵𣬺͸һЩݺ;״̬ǳӦҲܺãԽʱûιȥ
ֻĸӦþĶ
Ƚʱ˴ˣ΢΢һЦԻҵĻ
ιȥˣҵԱƵϣ죬ȡ
ɽе»ˬʱ䲻ɹڵϲá
Ͻŵ΢΢һЩߡ
˿ǰŮˣȽʱ
˵Ƚʱðȣܿ챻ѹȥĹԱС֣ø˿ıٶȱ
Ͼ˵˭ûۼ
Ƚʱףǡ
˿ɨһȺˣò죬Ա߻Źķζ
ȽʱȽʱš
˿Ų壬Ƶϡ
Ƚʱܵ⿪һƾȻһҪҽƷһſƶĴ
εĶ򿪣һԵ˵ǳ
˿ᣬһŵζϢ֫΢һζһ£˻ס֣복ڵĻ
᲻󣬻߶ѣһԣβͲͷ˦˦ȥŴϵ
ĹԱ׳ӻƹȥ³˿һܱյĳܴ󣬻ͫһ㣬ļһҪ̽ĺһ㣬Աһų»˹ȥ
˿мûϢֵСࡣ
̫ˡ
һʮ
εĹԱȽʱԸ̧ȥĳϡ
ҪɽܻЩȽʱŹϡ
˿͸͸Ĳ֣Ƚʱĳ˿̧צ˰ǰӲܱյĿռȽʱл˼԰Ӳͻơ
˿ߣ֣һȴܸܵԼǰߡ
гĶ档
ȷʵȽʱ˵ĵ
µķ˿ɵİڶӰ쵽ҹű򿪣ʿӿ˿ӳȥڴӲĴʯ̳ɵ·չ֫
ɽ£˵ĸӣȽʱԻ˵Խɣһֱߣᾪŵˡ
سᣬҪ
˿û˵ôצӰϵĸָˣŹ
ȽʱоЦûˡ
ԭЪϢһᣬȽʱ׼ͻؽıȥԭǰ˵εʡ£͵ڵĵطһƬδ֣ʺϻ洩ͷԡ
ȽʱԼͻ͵ڣ˿վſڣƬ
ӡȽʱܵڷꡣ
ƲԭѨ
Ľȥɡ
ڻǰ棬Уľת¥ݣ˿̽˼ҵɺȽʱ˶¥
ڴţ˿ϴצĵĽŸס
ĹԱ»æȥ
Ƚʱ˫ֻվſڣúϢɣҽס¥ûѣֻڣҲ̫ġ
ȽʱŹϣȥ¥
Ƚʱ뿪˿ļƵĴӴȵӲĵ棬˿һ㡣
ս˻ȵĺ˿Ȼߡ
λԵʱϴζ̣ҹΪڿ۾컨徫µ·ӦԼѾȽʱ͵Ȼ𣬾ҪȥѰҸ˿ıӱѹסڲڱϣֻ˿ڸסŮϡ
°ƴӰǡõסصĵط
ŮŨܵĺڷͲӼ米ϣŽ⻬Ĺſ˿ıϣ·ŵŮζʢ
װƿеõٺɢصǳΣȥժ䡣
ָᲦ˿ķ˿װ
յĺܵͣѱ˿ϳ˳նһ£˿۾ɫ˯⣬ȫǽԣ޺Ĵ߻ȸ
ѡѹ£ϸ˿ûѻ˵꣬Ĵ/ڴϡ
İطĲȷڼһ˲ŷ˿ҪܵĽӴƽĵĽС
˳ĴȲݵҪ̫࣬϶̾еһ
Ͷ룬ؽţ͸˿Ŀռ䣬õıֱ
˿ҲͶ룬ѾĴַ
˵ڵʵʵ
˵ʡ
ͷϷһˮ˿ιȣûʵˮ˳°ͺմʪ·ͱӡ
Ƕˡ
ǽıӣͷ۵û˯ˡ
ϻֳ˺
ԡ׺ܴ
ס˿һڣ˸ȥϴɡ
ԡ׷ˮø˿ɽȥ
˿̫ϲˮӲˮ
֮ǰξ̽ˮһѶˣβ
˿βʹˮʪðס
˿Գ𣿡
һ룬ϻ£̤ˮС
˿۾Ҫԡ˼һɶãҪ̸֪ʶˡ


93
ĸܲԡˮûӰ¥ϵȽʱ
˫סԡױأΪȵļɽȣ߰һ󣬸˿ѣǸȽʱҲڡ
ʶס죬ȥ˵ô署
ڻ¥ϣ
˿ȴ˵ˣʪβǻǰˮԺܺüʹղ棬ˮĸŪβ͡
ϲβ͵ԭҵˡ
˿§סӵһ塣
꣬ڸ˿ⲻ˵βòʱ򣬰β߬סҡ
˿ͷȫմʪգ۾İ͹ĵطĦ
ϲ𣿡˿ļ˳Ķ
ɫĵǰţ»Ĵȣ˵ʲô
Ϊ˺ܶ顣
ס°ͣʹԼصԭʱȫˣҪϲҲܻȥ㡣
˿ô㳢ʲôᡣ
˵Ļ
ٴαף˿̹٣һᣬ˵ȥ¥Ϣ
֪Ƚʱ¥
ָɵβɨգ촽ܿ
˿ԼĶ
ȷŪְճѵ𡣡
˿Դ룬ÿҶȥ
Ūĺȸ˿ö࣬˿ֱ׵Ļڵˮһѻ
Ӳҵġλãϵķװԡ׳ڸ˿У˫סĭͿĨǡ
ֻ˿ϲĵط
˿סԡҵǽϣղɵģڻ˿
ԡڴשϣ˿һļ䣬ζģͿĨ/ϵĹ߲˫֣ˡ
˿̫ϲķˣץס㶼׽סȴ׽סǰ⻬İ
ͬĵطմȾĭɣ˿ںĽӴб۾ϲӣ۸ֱӴ̼˿׸һ绬ĸо
۵ġĥ˿ˮҪһĸ˿ӵ䣬ԡ׼Ķȫ˵޹
ϸĶעȷĲ˺ûȼ滺ԡңֳڸ˿ߣһĭӣˮһͻۡ
ͷ˵ܻһۡ
˵ָо˿ռأǴһֻģֻͺͶѳܾãǴӰҹʤˣվǿأϵʹ˿ڷʤĿС
ջĸо񫣬Ƚɱһ飬ҵ˿߬סȮţֱС
ţȥ˿ƺ߳һͿ
޹ˣɢֱʧŸ˿ζ
𣿡
˿ƽ
ˮź飬Ҫˡ
΢΢֮㴹Ц
˿ȥ㡣
ڶ죬Ƚʱ¥Ѿˣһ¥ų¥¿ֻܿӰƺں˭˵
ʲôʱѵġȽʱ߱ʡ
µһ¥Եĸ߸ӺڷŮˣס۾·ڴȡãŮһͷɫĳŨޱȣɫܾޣϤС
ݣȴ¶ֱۺСƯ
Ů˿û˵壬෴ЦЦϡ
鷳Ƚܣ˿˵ˣûѣ㲻ģ¡
ãͣһ԰ɡ
񡭡˿ȽʱʧˣһŮˣŮ˾ǻġ
ȽʱԼ̬ĶҲ̲ס۲˿
ûıȴ󲿷Ҫ㡣
ͺܼ򵥣ζȽʱûƴǣò͡
˿ԣʳƻ
еĲתתȽʱ˿ʳ
ش𣬡ϲԡ
׼ȥɹʵ
Ƚʱ͹ɣҪúϢ졣
̫鷳ˣоУҲȥһҵѡ
֣ȽʱáڳԿ׷ſڣҪֱӿߡ
û뵽ڱһ̫лˣĲܵ
ȽʱŲô㻹ᣬһеûҪܶࡣ
ʱͣĳԿ׽ǰ̨ͺá
ǰȽʱ˸˿ۣƬԭĶһ𣿡
ͷࡣ
ȽʱĿ
Ը⣬ҿԿֹ˾չǵò
ȻʧЦȽܣˡֱԣֹ˾һϰΣǽ֫ܽӲҪѵ
ƢҲãԺѿơ
Ƚʱϧûʮȫʮġ
һɻԲԭĶﶯģ˿ӣˡ
ȽʱĳʻԺڣȽʱļ򣬡ˣϵ
뿪˿ߣˡ
ͷȽʱɣ˺ܺá
裬ûǣҪסҵС
СҲں
һ𡣡˿°͸ͷ
ԽǮûиƶҲ⣬ֻҪһͺá
ľУҲóȥˡ
ֻڲԭãصܶϢɳϷż¼ʧʱʦÿ춼һϢҲ⣬ڶԻһ֡
շȥʦ˺üϢ
ֻڷ̽ĸ˿ǰ֫αϣζ
£ͬʦ
ʵڸɾľϣ˿Եһɶ
ԱˣȻҵҪɡ
ӻŵ
˿ΧѪ̫ˡ
Ķ䣬ˡ
˿ԣҪ򡣡
һȣ뵽˿ȻѧΪҧҧ´á
ű죬򿪣ʦһԵĺȵģᳵ·߽Ьúõģȥԭκ˵һ֪
ǵĻʲôˣһֻҰʲôϲġ
Ͳͣ۾п̧ӳεı飬ɳǰվһŮˣ϶˲⣬ʦ㾪ޱȿ
ӹĶʦס˵а㣬ʲôʱʶĴŮ
̫䡣ʦ˵˵üͷôһûɡ
̾Ϣһֻ
Ұˡ
ʦһţֱӵſڵЬϣǿ֧סԵģԽԽ
ղŽ˵ʲôͻһϡ
Բԣֻԣ
ϲԣ
ʦһƬң˰ΣԻǸȻЦЦ飬Ŀɭ䡣
̫Ұˡ
ԭĶôƷ񣬺ҲԽܡ
ʦ¿ˮקקֱۣС˵ԭﶼôܸҽһ
ηˣʦ㡣
и˿
˿ʦ硣
ȴкˣ˿
˿תȥ
Ա񣬡ҡ
Ѷźã˭žȰҺֿ
۸˿ıӰѹ˵Сۡ
Լ죬ûаŵġ˿˵ﲻɱ⿴µĺۼ
ζͦ/ġ
ЦͦҸġ


94
˿ȶĵطʸУȥ˺ܶطÿطζһ̶ܴȷζĴ档
ܿʼᷳ
ڳڵòǳΪȺĽ㣬˿ڿλõ˿ڽ䡣
ָð棬شõĺܸɾ˿澭·ˣ·ͫʷŴСĺƯźĳףͬɫϵĶȹȴɫĳѥ
ڽ׵ĿסҰ
ǰڨļ
˿ʶǵӾͻȻҪ˵ࡣ
˱ŵĺˣֻûȣŰ˰ťϣ죬˿վ߽ͷߵѹȸУޱ飬ȫĮϢֶһΪƬ
ȫţΪλ߸Ů̾
˿ǿŮɪɪ첽߹ȥ˿Ƭڵϡ
ŮĿİͰ˾Ͳ٣ؼ˿̫ˣ˵˵ţ
οһġ
ŮѲϲŵˡ
˵ŮѣŮʱˣһĨȥᣬŹâǣǡ
˵֣䡣
ֿЦ˸ͷǮԺܽµ˼ʮȣԺͬµ㵥
˿صϣ˵Ҫѧϱ˵Ͷ⡣
˿ᡣ
ʻͣ˼۸˿ɫ˿˶ˣ
˿ܿش𣬡ʮ졣
ʮ졣ȥˡ
ıģԽԭʱҲǼȲӦÿ춼
ΪԼ˿Ѿһ£ʱҹ˿ûߣȥΧδĵܴС
ıԸı䲻ˡ
ûС˿Ƿɿϡ
Цù˼ҡ
ûС˿Ĳ
ãšȺƵļ϶ͱǰɡ
׼ȥһرĵط
ڵܣϷȫֲͬĸܡ
ֻ͸˿սֻṩŻ֣Ը˿ѵչֳ̺ӵס£ܰȫġ
ܿζ̺ϣ˻һ˿ҧ
˿ĵطǶյԭճǴڹϣ˿ؼҪվ
һֻԱڱѹ޵ϣ˿˫ץƵαůĸֱϣ˿侲
Ļǰ¶Ρ
ԭĶѾ۹ϰߣճԼӿ첽ûбֳܺµӡ
˿ɢȴǺ¡
ĵͷΧŲӢر֣Ⱥǡ
֪ԭЦ£ǵġ
ܰǷǰĿյԼһᡣ
УС
ǻᱻʨӻԵǳΣա
˳ͣ³һᣬ̫Զ
ǱʨӻҧˣҲ𡣡
ġ
θһźǹʨӺͻ㣬źš
ߵ뼪ճ׵ľ룬ҵһڲص㣬ǣûбοͣø˿ڲԭϱܡ
ӲݴܳĻýαڲԭϣīܺڵ۵⣬ʹܿ˿ˡ
˿û̫ԶԱʨӣЩǽֵĶֻҪ
׽һֻ磬˹ɱԼ׽ʳﲻɱ⣬˿˺ҧ¶ȵʳʱʱ̧վڲݴԣ˫ַڿϣߡ
˿ޱȡ
̫ȫʧ˿صߣ濾ա
ûؾƵˡȥϵĲм
춼ԡ
ڶյԭ˴£˿صڵı
ֻڵʱ򣬸˿ϲߣһһһ𣬸˿ſڴϣϸűıϣĶβ͡
ѾȽʱ˵ˣʱջȥ
˿ڼ£βͻ뱻ɦ
һʱ䡣
ЦȸһĻᣬ´ΣҪꡣ
˿һᣬദʱˣԷһף۾ͷڴϣϤϤһȵĴ̧˿βͺͶ䣬۾˿뿪棬ϴڹq/q£ǱƿʽϸļӴӸ˿Ըе//סǼɴϡ
ʱԱܣӦļٶβͣûҪҪٵĶࡣ
һֱø˿˿ϰ·ǳȥ봩ڴ//ϲֱһ㡣
ǼβͺͶ䶼¶˳ЦĴ꣬βڶĶŶ˶
һᣬڴϣ֣˿ϥйȥסҧĴ꣬ÿ
ҹ꼱ؽĴΪڵĽڵסһзꡣ
ٴλصԭϣǶڸ˿£˿شĻ࣬㹻ǻ롣
ǣϺ˿ǿҪȥʱǡ
ǳ֮ǰ˵Ļϵ뵽취ˣһҵȺ˭ͰǸܣʨȺæ
˿ͬ⣬˵ѰɣҰ뿪Ĳԭ
Ƕɣ¾ģҿԴȥǣǾҪҵĻ
Ǳٻصԭ
ڵĲǼֻ´࣬ʮһҰȮʨӳȽʱǰ˹ȥֻվԣˡˡ˿Ƚʱʶ
Աһӡ
˿μסĻԹԴ߲ܣһΣ˿ѾϤ
ŵĳἷֻƫƫǺܵҪ˿վڳſڣŭ˿ȥԱԶԶġ
Ƚʱվһԣͦ˼ģֵĶ͸֪ḻһ㣬Ƕιȥ
ˣǸ˿
ȽʱȥĳϣԱҴ˭һͷʨӣẦ¡
˿򲻵Ⱥʲôྭǵצͼݡ
ͬڱһҹȽʱڶһ¥ǰȴ¥ݴ죬Ƚʱ۾ȥ˿ŮˣӦʨӺҰ
һСЩƫļɫŶԲԲ۾쳣ɰ
ɫͬͷƫɫŮˣһ˫Ưջ
Ƕûϰ··ǳ·
ȽʱܣǵܺñϣȽʱסǵ֣޵Ȼ󶼺Ư
εҲܳ
˿Ͻ˵϶ڳҶû˵
㡣ǲ
˿졣
˿һ¶
Ȱܣ׵ıʱȽʱЦһĻԺеæˡ


95
ѾԱĵ졣
ԭ̵̫ľտʼ¾ãܺͼһǰԲԡ
ԱǿƱһҲܷһͼڶ￴ȥѰһȺʳݶС
붼롣
߽磬ԡ
׾ģʳ⶯ڲݴп߽磬кܳľͱǷ֣ɢӿ
ֻƴȫȥ׷ܳʱδʳֻ֧ʮĸٱܡ
߽˦ԶԶģſڵ۵ô
һ
ȥŵص·ϷʯԼһ߱ԱԭںʱȥĶﲻ׽ӣĵڶҲҪûˡ
ԭϸˣſɢȣԱƯºԻԣûпϳɫۣΪһͷûĻ
Ǩ㣬ƣһ档
ͷԱ˵ԱвԺСǷӸΪȺӡ
·ˮѾɺԵֻʣ»ǵཬռ죬һСƬ˺㶼ϵϣһĳſڰߣϵĳ⡣
ԱŴϡ
ҹɥһʯͷϣоǰ;ã
̧ͷϵķǣΪʲôᴩɲԭϵԱ
ڶĲԼ˿ǵãÿɵͷԸŶܣ룬עҪһͷԱ
Ա÷ǳʯͷ԰İдĶ
̧ͷѰ춯ļ죬жڸԣҲԼ©
ʯͷȥţŲһԵĶʨӺ๷ʵǿĶܹȥȥ
׽Ｋʳߺ޲ðĹͷ¶
дļӰ˼룬ֻ͵͵ȥһۣһء
ѭķ壬ԱͲռƣǵȫΪٶȶխСԴƯ壬ϸֱǲԭϵġˡ
ԱʳϼޣֻʵǲԵĳɹͦߣΪʵԵʣߡ
ͷһֱ׽ġԱǲмж
ΪΣ͸ݷп׽Ķһͷ
ʺֻСڵȣв
İܵԶԶģСһƬյء
С׶ɿ죬ֻСڲݴԾ֡
С֣йֻĸҪֻСһ׽ʳ
ĸ˺ƤС׽ʳӴԭԱΪֹûгԹ⣬ıᵽѪζ߲·еļиԣɴſǰһĿڽʳ
˿ͲֵľߣӦһͷԱ
ܱβ¶֪
˿׽ʳѪζ๷ʨӣҪ˷һֻ̫Աϡ
ʳѷ˿ĲǿǰûֻСʱ׽ֱϵãԱ󣬿Ժܳʱ䲻ýʳ
˿ûˮιǣֻܶಶ׽ֻСҪ
ǺצϵѪҹĻ£ƯŲݵϱʳİʲôζ
ֹŵѪζ
һȺ๷̤ҹĻ﷢ϵͬ顣
С¶ڸ˿󣬸˿Ǽԣ๷ĻԶʱȥǡ
һᣬʼվͷʵ񳬹Ŀ̰֪
ûĸܵﲻջȥԼӿ԰ɡ
£ΪţڶֶˣֱԲԼĵڶ
һϴһĿ⡣
ֻСδ๷ľ߳һֻԱǣ׷¶۵ŶԷ
ֻСֻлð⡣
Сļҧһڣҧë
Ҫ׳ŵ˺ҧղҧĵطѪζ
Ǳʶ޷ܰ⣬Ƕζʳʵİ⡣
ϵĲԭ¶½ʳӣ֮
ֻԼڵͷԺԵԣ䶢֪
Ӧٶ۸оİϢѾŬһ⣬Ⱦܣצסĺȣˤڵϣסĸ
ֻԱ̫ϸˣ棬צռ֮һɫ˫Į쳣Ȯ¶˳͵ҵ
ס΢ţƯıԳһֳɵΪװɵӱܡ
ôô˵ɵ˵ȻַԼҲ˵
ǰĴԣͻȻһ
ӴɻһֱһûзԼ˵
ôܽˣ
ιȥ
Լ˼У죬ֻצţΪûСӡ
͵ʳĶﲶ׽ԭϵԱֻԱе⡣
˿ͷԱϵζһֲڲԭϢ
һ٣ֻԱӦѸҧĲӼӲͣȴģȵɵԱɫͫ۵ϣ˿йĸоŴܲԱ
û͵̫ˣֻ˼ڣԺһỹ㡣ǻԱҶèƶﻥһ¡ΪֻԽԽͣĺҪ²
ֵֻԱˣ˵һЩĻ
ʲôèƶ
ﻥδ̫Ц
˿㻹ûж̣ĸûнôڲпĲԭͰϳˣ
ʵڲôͱʳ⶯ദȷʵʲôᣬ괩ԽԱûиһȻڸצȣõܴʵã¶Ա㳤ݣͷɫıͷǰûн̹ҡ
˿ȷֻԱɵġ
ķӦѸ٣ٶȿԼצѡ
Աãϵ˫˿˻ᣬƿԼצӣ
תصֻСߣʾǼʳ
ڵ˻ᣬӣԴڡ
ڵϣ˻ڽʳĻĿڣĬĬ뿪
˿̧ıӰ
һֻС̽ԴѧԱıӰʸ˿˿ԺҪ𣿡
˿Ϊʲôôʣ
룬ûҧ
ǰҲ͵ĶǱ˿ߣǱ˿ɱˡ
ֻԱȴܰȫ뿪
룬Ա˿Դ
һȺ๷ֻ͡ĲеԱ˿ֱѪζĶ
ԵǼ⣬Աֵ˵Ļ˼
ڵĲԼܺ͸ճĶûʲôʳ⶯ĸ׶̻ԼĺӲԼܣȥһ衱βԡ
ֻܶţȥ͵Ķ׽
Ϊȷʵûе£ԻһЩܸ߳УԲѶԻ˵Ƿβѡ
ġ类͸˰ɣ˼Ҹܲ׽
̾µıӰįԼצ±סȺģ档
ӦԼʲôײˡ
Ķ
ôʹͷʼѧԼܣ˭ѧأ
ʷǰףȻԸڻ棬ѧϰôԵġ
ֻ̣϶Թ˲Ͼȥ͵׽Ҳ
⣬صĵطݵϲѪվԭĴԶϣſڴ׳ϣߵ֦ûİ⣬Ľ
ӱĵطƵΪͿ
ⲻ֪ڸߴĻѲϸ΢Ķ۵ס
ɻֻɵԱҲأڵ¹ȥմһмǰҪϢɡ


96
ϵĸ˿˦β;ֹϣֹֻСҲ˲ݴԱӰ
ԱƯ˳ɵĶڲݴй
Сë׵Դڸ˿°ϣ˿°ѹצֻ̧СԴҪٿɵ
СģѧϰĽ׶Σ˿ͷԱʾֻ̻Сӡ
̧˿ͷŵİ⣬ʳϾѡϣֹΪ˷ʳ⶯ᣬϿԼٶȡ
ֻԱ
˿ֻ뵽һɡ
Ӳù޵ԱҲʼѾ˺ܾʳ⡣
и˿ţԱĻעҪա
Ա𻨱ǵĳȲ̫ߣϵʳԱһѶȡ
ֵǣǰĻ˿ϻһξʱͣ£ʵʵǿطԲԲССԴΡ
ϴڸкǿ߱ٶۺӵΪȫΣ̾Ϣһǰ֫쳤°ʹǰ֫ϣȴԡ
˿βͼ˦Ȼ²͸ֵֻԱ˼
ȵʱ򣬻Ҫ׽ļ󣬳ʣİƤë͹ͷ˿£һ졣
̧Դȥ
˿ƳԱԼԼͷԱڣİСӴϵͷԱ湻ִŵģˣһֱ
˿෴ĵطߣβԳɹҪСʳݶǨ㣬ͣĶѾˡ
Ƥë͹ͷԺĶ˵Եݳޣͷᣬͷϻ⣬ϴ죬̧ͷСҶ
ɱߵûȤӲҪġ
˺üζ̫ţȥҧͷϵ⡣
һ˳
ˣԲȥ
ϧûпиɾ⡣
ûԶͷ￴
˼߳վһæ㵽ɲ档
Ŀһеĸ˿ǰУԱĺޡ
ͻֺʵľ룬ĸȥ
ȵ߱ɢȣܺôԶûҪЪϢ˼
ӿտգҧһڲ¡
ɬĲ֭ռǻѲ³ǰͣ£Ҳſ£ȡ
ǰһȺ磬ϳıٶȺܿ죬׽Ǽķ
ԱٶȿԳԽǣȿﻻһָ꣬׷磬ѧϰһ¡
˰죬ûҪԵĶ̫ɹϵĸо治ܣվߴٻϿȥԡ
ȻԼĿǡ
ҪľʱȺ궯һȺǶʨȺͷʨΧһֻĿ硣
ƵıӰѹԭʨ
ʨ׷ӰԶ˿ղŵġԳԱڸ
ڶԼԱʵ˽⣬ȫİѱ󽻸Ա
ԱԸ˿вһֻһ
˿ϼֻС
ֻСҪչˣһЩɴϵҪ׳ĸĿǷΧڡ
ڲأԵ̶һ
۲컨ĶһΪʲôֵЧͬ
޴צɰһֻСűĸ֣ҧ̴ƤĲӣС໽ֱ𲱾ҧסڣһֻСʮĸĹ
ſţ飬ûĸע⣬ʣֻСΪûиĸ棬÷ȥ׽
Ҳ
˷ֻܳСȥβ˦ҷɣֻҪСҧȥˡ
ͷһɹô˷֮£ðƵĽûκ׷𻨱ĸͣ¡
Ѿˣ׷ȥûκ壬ʧȥ̵ĸѷŭ۽ͷҪҪԱϡ
˿СڵϣԱ
ԴŲ׽뿪ֻ׾ԱܻᱻŭĸƶƤ
ĲᲶԣֻСˣתһֱڻĿ꣬СƤûմ
ЦʱˣȻȵһʯͷֻצάֲԼƽ⣬ڵء
ԱΪٶûֳ
ĸӣߵʳ⶯˵ġ
һֻСҲ᲻ԡ
˿ȣԱխϸӰŷĺХԵܵĻá
֪ʲôû뿪󺰣
Ҳ˲ԼͻĹϵİûΪ͵Իʳﱻצһ
ĸ̫ˣһƶʯͷٳô˦ĸϣڻϡ
أĸԼվԭأβ΢羰һǰתԴԱʱ˿ȥߵ¡
ȥ˵˿վ£ʣȻأ
һܵ洫ٳʱͷҧסĺ󲱾צӿסɴֲڵ·ϡ
ӱҧס󲱾ҧסġܸоûҧ֫ܿ
رСز˶٣˿ϵͦɣ̻Աɱһ𣬻ǰԱȫڵסζ䣬Աϸϸ֡
ץס˿ɿ죬Աڴ׳ϣԱû񣬺󲱾ëʪһ顣
˿ǰצߵסֹֻɵԱȥӲ
վ£Ƥ̧ǣߺŭĽݴƤײ
׳ζһ£񣬲ȫջڵצӻסɣ˿ӣ˫צɰûж
ڻĵ̣˿ʹµԱҾ㡣
ɿڴֲڵϣлл죬βͼֻм䣬һͷɥ
ôڵģ˿ûз̣Ǻʡ
ղԱı̾Ŀԡ
ܲ³ֻԱ䣬ûг꣬ҲˣԱڲԭʳвռƣǶӶȻԱҲǸֻס󲱾ԱûС
û˵ֻԱѾˡ
ǡȻڲԭϻȥ
˿ĳĬҴ𰸣Ķ
̲סûУֻԹļ⡣
ҳΪԱʮ졣
˿ʣʲôʮ졣
ԭĶﲻһ괩Խõ£˵ֻ˵̫ҧˡ
ûʲô
Ĭ
ֻŬײ
Ҹ˵˿кܶҪ㲻ңҿ԰ֻСҧ
ںˡ˿һָ
ѧϰԡ
ղҲǹģû뵽һôûãСж׽˵ţйĸ
ֻԱ뷨һ׽͸˿ɣû뵽һ
𣬸ͷѧϰĲԼܡ
˿һᣬŵçײ´СӶ硣


97
죬޻˵
ǰצ֫ץסµ֦̽ͷ̽¿˿ѡܸߣҿһ޼ʵĲԭȻ治֪ô졣
˿ߴĺ󾱻䣬Ŀ䵽ſҲûκλȵĸûʳˣ
˵ʮ졭ܸá
˿βֱ˦ﶼǨ㣬ֻԱһ߸·һ߲κζ
ܻ漣˿ڵϵʬ塣
ֻر𡱵Ա˸˿Υһ
ĸΧתȦƺֻŪһֻͲԸ뿪
˿˷ʱ䣬ֻǹš
ιʲô֣
ʶں˵ë׵âأ
ֵԱֵ֡
˿˻ᣬڵĻش
˿
߿佱
ӡ
˿һ仰˵
űϲ̫Źۣ⣬͹ԹҵĻ
Աٱβ͸ڸ˿ϣһҧסû
βӸ˿˿ͫʶУβʵ㡣
Աβ³ʪһء
β࣬򣬻󣬸Ͻ˦Դë˦
ЩһֱԼȥëεֲıܡ
˿ദԱĳЩΪĸڣ˿ĹдˣΪһֻԱ
ҸôǵǵĿġ
˿ȥ
ҰֻСҧɹҰ
̽Կ괭ĸɪ£̫ðɡ
𡣡˿Ľ顣
һֻԱܲ㣬ʲôҪ룬۾ǰ
ֻĻ
Ҫпܵõʳİ취ҪԶȥ׽ԣȻڲԭȥɲپȥ
ԱСĬ
˿ӣΣҲƭ㡣
һȥ۾ˣ˻һײȥŸ˿˵ĻĿֱǰſԴʲô룬ȫ֫ϡ
ʱţۣٶȸ𣬼ͣ½Ųͷվڵȴ
ӰΧʧ
ɵڵأٺš
Աڲݴȫݵס˿ĵȴϦ£Ավ˿
ֵһֻ
жȫʳ̧Ÿ˿̫ˡ
˿ܵȵߣڶ壬Լõġ
Ȳ˺⣬Ϊʱ룬ԼӦѪܵ𣬵ȵˣʲô뷨׵Ժ
˺ҧ۵⣬մѪ
ǰֻСûߣĳࡣ
û˿ʡ
̧ͷͷΧѪ֪
䶼֪
˿룬ʣԴײʯͷˣ
ԭû£ʧ䡣
ҡߡ
˿
غһǿסԼû㡣
֣ԲᣬԼ䶼֪
צѪ̧£ܵšҡˡ
˿ıҿҲǡ
ԺҰɡ
͵ؽһҵðǣûԱĹ̶˼άӡ
ģͻܱ֤ʳԡ
ΪԼ¸ֻ͵ĻԸͬУ̵ĸԱĶн䱸ĵġ
̫ˣ˵ȥŲţ̫ˣðèһĺ
˿壬Աһᡣ
Լ̫ͣצӰ¶䣬¸˿ڣһһ𱣻С̵ġ
ǲġ˿һ䣬ģǵĸҽ㡣
崻Ŭ˿Ļ˵֣Զǳ˽⣬Լ̰ɣ˿Ҳֵͦġ
Ƭԭǳܽġ
أ۴˵ľ㣡
˿խխ˵⻹ûҲͦġ
Ǻɵ֣˿˵԰ɣҵ㡣
һ룬ˣڵϣ㡣
㲻Լɾ𡣡˿ǰצǰëմѪ
ϰԼ˯һڵϾ͸ɾġ
˿ȥ
뵽Աʲôǵã˿ȥվǰԱˣһ㡣
£ͷ۵ȾѪë
һ£ɸ˿µĺϸ£һëĸоܲ巸һᣬ̹Ȼܸ˿ź
۾߲ø˿ĸ㣬ûһᣬԱĺ𵽸˿ͷ
ΪԼԱ𣬸ҰѴĺ¶ڻߡ
˿ľɾëԱڵϣצ쿪ϡ
ûиղŷĲ˼̹ȻԣһᣬܣƲס
Աʳޣѳʣ´²ԡ
˿ʣµʳ۾һ£ƣ۾Ϣ
˿ʣµ꣬ԵһֻزСӵ¡
˿Сӵ½ʳ
ԱֻСӶڸ˿ǴкëСȡ
ţڸ˿İ£Сʼʳʱʱ迴һۡ
ʳ꣬ǰ˿˵
һǲǻ㣿
˿һۣǡ
ҪԽӣ
˿ᴩԽӣ׽ǡ
ʧ񣬳Ϊȥѡ
ֻСûг꣬˿ʳϣԱСŸ˿֣β棬ǰ֫ظ£ֻ۾һĻ
ͷСһᣬͻȻܵǰϸǺƵԱ
̽צӣһ¡
Сצӣڻ棬ڵϴֻС
һᣬֻС
˿棬ֻԱͱǴöָ࣬˼
˿ĬĬעһС
ϢʱֻСӼһ𣬶ţֻצ
˿ںҹػǡ
ʳ꣬˿Ǽǰ淢֣⼸ӱ·ʱҲֳ
͸˿ͱȣöࡣ
͸˿飬аȫУǲϲë˿ϲëֻСӾֵ
ܣ֮ëǣż򼸿ڣʱ˿һ
˿ڴֻ̣ṩʳͰȫ֤
ʵʳʾ˿ǲԭְġĸס
˿ҿɲ衣
Դ㣬ҽ٣һһ׽һֻ㡣
ӦԱ壬ٶԼһ㣬ڸ˿ѧ١
죬Ҿȥ׽ֻ硣˵ߺ¶ʳѪ
˿ճҪΪǡͷߵѪһ飬ȺģоԷϵĵ̡


98
㶼룬ſ˦˦߷պ
˦ȥͷϵĹУ˿
˿棬ղŵΪ
ʱͱ£ϵģԵرɵ
ô𡣡˿˵ǰ߿
ӦȻ뵽˿ëʣµʳȷʵûҪΪͷһôķӦ
ɶˣʲô
ͨû
˿ûٻĻתֻСȥȾѪ
֮ӣ˿ûôǰ棬ֻСףֵӵķһ·Ķ׷ײĿ
͸˿̹
ֻճСӺȽʳʱ˿һԣ߻ֵܻܿΣա
ܹϳԱӣѵá
ƳԼģʵ˲٣˿
׽סһֻϸˣ౻һӣ˿ڸëѪۡ
˿νӣѾϰˡ
ߵ˿ߣϴε󣬲ʱ˿ôˡ
˿Ա
оԱߣ˿ͷȵĺ˿ϣ˿ڱ¼ڡ
˿΢תǶȣԱԲԲкܳĽëС
Ͷ˶˿û˵
˿ΧѪɾСʣ㻹𣿡
֡˿ζ˾䡣
¡ȥɣš
ñֱ֡
˿ʳСӿöࡣ
Խ·ʳ⶯
͸˿⼸վڡ
һֱల£׽һͷû£ͿɹۣĿֻëûȫʨ
ȫ䱸˿̧ͷֻʨݻûȫĴҪˡ
ֻСӸ˿ˣøܾܣдʳζǺܲ˿ͽС˼ʨ෴ķܡ
˿˵ˡ
ֻ֪С޷ֻʨצ°ﱣס
ﻹǷǳƣ˿׽ˣ׽Ҫ⼸ֻʨͶ
Ϊʱ仹޷¡
һͷῴŻʣºܶĽʨΧס
ʨĿʳϣǶԱͻ棬ûȥ׷ǣűΧʣµʳϵͷʳ
ֻʨΧ
ֱ˦β͡
˿ʧ䣬һͷѣԺ󻹻׽
ߺ׽ģǸˡ
ͷһ
˿ܿÿҲĶʳԭǿʳֻСӣʳԲᱻʨߡ
Ķ±㲻֮ǰ⡣
ԱȴΪеϧ
˿һ¡
ҲԱĶ
ʳﱻΪܵ˿ʡ
ûƳС
˶ƽʱֳȫðͷ֣ɶʨóԹͷҭ
˿ͣþÿϧֻʨߵﶼۣŪĶද
ãȻģ
˿Դ΢ƶ
û̫߳Զ˿ĻõӦ飬صĴͺŵ
ϸϸԭرһ£ͷλã¡
첽˿ǰУԴײԴ˵ˡ
ԱϲصģһɢգֻʨҲûռʲôˡ
ţͷʹţ췢ĲһʶĿ¡
˿һֱעԸ֣ղŻڸˣͻȻʧ䡣
ɢϢø˿̲סʣʲô
ѣԺѣҪǿʳ⶯
˵ֵ꣬ǿ˵
ںûСӶҡ
Ȼһķݹµµǰȥ
㵣ʲôأҲ˿˵ҲñĶ˺㡣
ԵĻ£ĬĬﾪ̾˿ͷƼˮԱҲôá
Աβͺβͽһ𣬡㻹ûԱɡ˵ȥԡ
ȥ˿Ȼš
ƤҪţҳ
°˿ɫӿסӰ
ǣԱܸһֱرḻĴ
á˿Ӧ
Ⱥܼܶ࣬һ𣬿ӦúףܼһңһͻƵǽټϷӣױ
ͽͶȱӴǣȥҵ硣
צڵĦ£ԾԾԡ
ͻȻԭ˼£һСĶŪĪ
ͣ˵ԱٶȱȵҸоܲٿҵˣһȡ
˿˵֡
㱾һֻԱղűΪ˿˵˵ʵֻӡ
ˣ
ͱյĽġ
͵ʧˡСǰ
˿ֻںߣܿ쿴һȺڿʳճ۲ݡ
ڲݴ۾ųԲݵĵ磬ܺãûб֡
צſȫע˿ֻСӴԭز
ܳһ㣬Ǻܿ췴Ӧһξ롣
Աȡѵֻһٱ£Χķ羰һԺߣֲǵ磬ϵĵͬҲƴܡ
ֱĲ粻ͣת䣬ͬת򣬸ǿȵıٶάֲ̫ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ٺķʱ뵽˿ÿչ廡ߣѾڷˣһԱе硣
ǰֿ֫һֻצץסıһֻצӰĺȣҽһڵأͬˤڲݵϡ
ĲݴȫǳϢ˿СŸں棬Ա͵뵹أӿٶȸϹȥҧסĲӣȫ档
ҧ˵磬ûиβͷڲݵϡ
˿
ɱһֻʱȷʵᷢһ˷ܸС
˿һ׽ã£ſϵĵһᣬһվΧƵȦˣˣ
˿ֻСӴҧĶͲӣ˿ס壬Ϻ֡
˷ֳܷȥһЩʸ˿ҸղܵĿҸоڷɡ
˿ͷͲӵëŪˣ˶ˣܿ졣
Ѹ١
δ˵׽
ŲݵضܼȦ
ղצ˿壬˿ԸоȣУȱ
˵ġ
ѵϵ˿ǰ԰ɣȳԡ
ûԹĶˡ
˿̧
Ա߻Ѫ˲䣬˿˵ĸң
԰ս˰ɣû㡣
˿ǻܴ̽ͷȥΧѪ
мŵʬ壬Ժ
˿˵Һϲ
ߴ٣ǸϿ԰ɡ


99
Ա׷磬µȺɢӿԭǷֲŵ磬ܿĶע⡣
벻ͶĶ
籼ǿٶⷽ治ռƵʳ⶯벶׽ͦѵġ
ԣȥԱҪ׵Ķࡣ
ԱǲԭʳʵнĵĴʳ⶯ǵɹʷǳߡ
׷ֻԱеȣӦûûȫɣҰȮ๷Աķ
˿ͷ˺⣬ǶȫѪζһԣеӶʳ
ֹС
ƽʱ˿ǽʳʱҲɡ
˿ûȫʳУעܵĶ
ǲеģԼ׽һͷ磬˿ûæĽҪάֺܾá
˿ĶעܵĶ
ʳݶͣΧʳ⶯Ҳۼ⣬ð⡣
ӿʳٶȣ˿⵽һȺҰ˿վ˼Ұȴ
վô
۸ǡ
˿ıԹοڡ
̾ʨ๷ȺԵģǴ򲻹ĩˣ²ۣôҴʨء
ǵһ˵ˡ
˿޷ٺԡ
ֻԱߣǿܺгҰվԭأֻһֻԱǻȥʳټһֻ
ҰòһЩ
ǲȥϱ๷ȺңҰȮ๷ܹӾñڶʳϣͷһһۣҰȮˡ
๷βʹп̫ùˡ
ಶ׽ʹģȫҪһʨټʳУ͸˿ܻΪʨӵļӲ͡
߰ɡ׼Ҫˣ˿ûж
˿Ȼȥҿǡ
㲻𣿡ˡ
˿᲻Ϊ׽
Ȼ΢ţ׵΢΢¶
ʲô᲻õġ
׽İ˵Ӿ
ߣצȥ
û޷ϵ϶
㡣ûѡ뿪
˿
ôܵĺܿġҿ๷
˿Ц⡣
ûע⣬ҧסĲҪѵߡ
˿
Աͱȵ˶٣źزԱ߲졣
˿๷оֻ
Ⱥ๷ΪֻܵΣա
Ѿ쵽ˣ·ϵܶ࣬⣬๷Ҳ
˿˵ţȥǡ˵꣬๷
ʱƵ๷˽Ų๷ϳǻ˿
๷ǳǺ͸˿ͬһ򣬸˿˵
ҪΪԱͷ
Աôһˡ
๷ͳһͣ£˼
˿ڣ๷תܡ
׷һ˿๷ԶȥıӰȴһᣬȫߣ˿ĿѾﵽתȥ
ĬĬﾪ̾ʲôʱܴﵽ˿̶ֳȣֻ׷๷Ͱȫˡ
վڵԣȸ˿
ɵ֫Ϊ๷ȥɿգգۣȷʵûп󺰣˿ע档
벻˿ķûлͷ
һᣬ˿ȥ
˿ԱϸӰƶｦ
ֿûһҪճһ
˿ӿŲ
ӯһİıֲԾʱ๷ֻаԶͿԳ̹
Ϊ׵๷ֿ¶ݣڳЦ˿
˿תǰ֫һ㣬Ӻ﷢צӴ
û๷͸ʵûôǿֻҪʣֻԱûκв
๷Ѹ˿ΧҲûܰѸ˿ҧѻ߾С
ǵ͹˸˿ûйӲʵҶһǰǡ
ֻ๷˺๷˿ĺȱҧһڣĿҧĴ๷
ڴʱҧ๷´Ƚβͣ๷ʹһǷͷԱ
ô۾ϣſ˦ȥҧ๷ëŴɤ﷢̴ٵĺ๷
Աڲԭ۸๷ʨӻֻаķݣ๷
ɤ﷢ĵƵʮֿЦһһЦ
ԱļκͼѵĻߣ˿̲߶Ϊ׵๷Цȸ˿
ԱϣڲԭҲڶԡ
СԱΪʲôҪڻߡ๷Աߣǲʲôס
һӡ
˼룬๷ﰵ˼
˵ģ໹Ƕٲ˺Ҳ
Ｋˣ̧צ˵๷ڵķ裬µģڸ˿ԱצӲ᲻ĵϡ
๷߶˿ȫԳô˻ᱳ͵ϮûȴĻش
԰
ûô
ǿȺӣҺ͸˿Ҳ
Ҳ̫ţôΪʲôȥԼȥ׽Ҫҵġ
๷˿˶úЦ
ҰĲʳ߽ûãȥģҪôʵǿҪôʵ΢С
ʵ΢Сһ
๷ĻЦһֿͣҪģ
գͷϵϸëը
ˣ˿ɰվб๷ڵϣҧ๷ļͲӡ
๷ǻع񣬺ԼúԱ˵ģǷ๷һѷȥǣƸ˿
վԭأԼĲ๷ʨ֮ķмȥӪȡ˿
Ա๷Ͳ࣬ײ๷ʱΧɫʧֱֻײӰ˿ֱߡ
ĿûнϣԴͶ䣬ܰɣ
ܡ˿䲻˵צ°ס๷Ŀȴϡ
ʪıͷ鶯£ǰŴ󣬡ôˣڷ
֮
˿צ๷߿˵ɡ
ֲô
๷Ⱥһвʵģ˿ٴȥĻҧǡ
ңֻһֻʣ
磬๷ҲΪͬ飬Ա̫Կ
˿׺ղżʶˣ๷๷뿪
˿վ棬ƽٵĺ
ӲյҪڣ϶ߡ
Ŀ죬ȥҲ죬ԴĺЩ๷㣬ұΪ򲻹ء
̽ңһơֱظͦߡ
ֵԣôֱͦͻظûȣ
ʪĺɫӱıϡ
ԶԷĸоʪġ
ǵĺܽڶԷﶼëס
ûס̧צӴڻϣڻƤëϡ
ûʪıһᣬҧסԱԲͲӣ괭
Ա۾ɴ۽ǵĺɫ۶ð
ӶԶ˵Уͬͱо˿̣ȶȴӱӴȫ
˿ûҧǵ̫ˣҶͦ»ݻҧıӺ͡


100
ҧһᣬʼԴҶ
˿ɿ죬Ŵһצ§ס˿ĲӣҧߵĺͶ䡣
ղŸ˿ҧͲӡ
Թҧ˼ڣڵϴˣӵվ
ԱԼɺܶࡣ
͵˿ۣûΪղŵΪʡ
ûȥˡ˿˵
ѵֻСӲߡ
˿Աȥ
ǰ濪·Ա鲻βͼţ졣
ֻСӶڲݴûκ£˿ϤӲݴðͷ
Χȥĵת˺ҧϵȱڡ
԰Ϣˡ
һʯͷĵط԰Դʯͷϡ
ۡ
ϤϤĶͣһ۷죬˿ߣڵԼˣɺúᣬͬЩ죬Ϻ϶жԷζ
ֻСҲǣϵζһ𣬺ġ
Ҫ㡣˿ڵ
ҹ¶½￿Ľһ㣬ů
չ֫βСĶţ˵
Ϊʲô˵紩ʨӡ˿ֱʵ
˯ȫûˣԱҹ̫ã֪ܿ
ԱԴ뿪ʯͷϸϸ㡭ˡ
ûС˿ʮȷ
㲻ǵһ˵ֻˡ
գĶôô顣
ɣ˵ġһᣬǲҰʵ߸˿
ʱ˿
Ĭһᣬ˿ܣǶҲΣԲҡ
ͷԼıӣûг
˿Ƴ̾һ

£ĸ˿һֻСһڲԶγһ硣
˽ս̧צ˿ļ
˿Ťͷʵڲԭ𣿡
šĳЩֵΪ˿ɡ
ĻҭںùŹֵĿҹĻµĸ˿Ľôǿ
˿ȻܽܣԶ㣬һȻ˿ء
࣬ˣȻΪһͷԱ
֪ɡ
˿ûиղӦ𣬱һӿ졣
̬ȡʲô˼
ԭ࣬ʼˣ
ͷƵ֪ᱻŵҪ˵
ס˿˵
̧ͷ
˿˵ԭ໹ǶﶼҪֻڵġ
ɻ˿Ļ˿Ȼ̧צ
Ȼʱͷҧסĺ󲱾Ƥë
Աצڵϰ£ץһЩݲݡ
𵽺Ǳ
ͱȸ˿С̱Ⱦͺܴˣӵ̫ס
Ƥë϶˿˵֣ҷˡ
ʲôϵ
Բԡ
צץŵ棬ͼø˿ƭңĺܡ
ôܹôĽ֪ʶļ˿һ㶼ûбֳ
˿Ҳܳɣոա
޻˵˿һʼǲԣ
Ҹɿڣ
ɶǴԣ
˿ѡҾϲԡ
סƬԭĶ̫ˡ
ʣ㣬Ҫȥ
˿ѡһ䡣
βԣУУ
ֻô䡣
ΪҪ飬Ϊ˴˶ʣٽϵĽੲݣ˿ûش
׳ϡ
غܸߣץס˿ĸļʪĵطȥĶ䡣
Ⱥġ
ȥңҲ׽ǵĸѾܺˡ˿˵
Ҳʳԣȥҡ
˿û˵
˵˵Լˡ
㣬㡣
˿һʼ⡣
Ȼκζߺ
˿ϣ
ˣ˿Ҷ㲻𣿡
ṩʳᱣ㡣
Ҳ仰˵ģƷе⡣
ɥͬǺܺá
͸˿׷ǹʣֶһ˿һչˣĴм
ɣչҲ̫ˡ
ȫûгⷽҵʱӦ¡
˿뿪ɿ
һ룬βͱʪıβţצӲΪ̼צϵţ̶
ſպմ
ɶĻ⹥㡣
βڸ˿ͷɨɨȥ
ϸ΢Ķʱ˿ˣͣ£΢ܿϳԱζ
ȻعΪܱɺ߳ܲѣһվת׸˿
ΪĶζҶĦ˿ױм䣬ͷͣΧζ
滵
˿
ǰ࣬ԱҲûбǹζɡ˿˵Ҫѧᡣ
ҲŲѧ㣡
Ҳ˿ƽ
Ա󣬳˲ëᲶԣӦĺܿ죬ζǶ顣
Ĵ̼£ζ
˿˵ʱƽΪ߳ܶڷ̣ҲҪ
Ҫ뿪ԼȥӶ档ֻʼҪȥ˿ҧסĶ䣬ܸߣ
ûҧֻ˷ɻ岻ԾһҴܣͷ춼ڷһ㣬дʹС
צʧȥҡҡλԵڸ˿ϣ˿ɻ󣬡㡱
˿Ѿ꣬Ĺǽ۾ſϣѾԱ
ۣԻѣθС
ôˣ
͸˿ϣͫʶסͷë׵צӱơ
ָ̧һ£ûüˣԼ/ţϽקһ֦ҶڵסԼ塣
˿ˡ
ʳ⶯Խ
û֮ǰн𣿡¶ģ˿²һν
գգҡͷ
˫˫ȵĴڣܼȦ
˷ܸȾ˿ܿ˿˵̫磬ܽ˵ûʲô
ðղź͸˿ġ족ֱߣ˫ִ칤ߡ
㲻ҶεĻ졣
ٶȺͲ½ƾ˫˫֣޷ڲԭ档˿צ׹סƤƤëվϡ
˶ʮ꣬Աһ¶ûϲнŵĸо
˿̧ͷŶϵ˵
ԼңסӲ˵ҴģҪҴȥ
˿ˡղ㲻˵Ҫ뿪ԼȥӶ𣬿ҪҰæ
ҡҡβˡ
ıӰG˿ûлͷ
СĿۺľ룬Сɶĸ˿С۵Ļ
Ĩܡ
ô£תߡ
񡭡Աϣȥôȥûš
ϡͿ
ϴ춯ţ˿֣ûлӦ
ʲôϡ
ҹãסʧȥһĹż^ƤҪð
ƶм辵ķ֧ýŲȥУȲס
ϵĶƣе׸ղŸ˿˵ģڲԭϽѡ
£Կĵ棬룬ɴֱȥҲӦӦ˻Ա
Աĵеģ׸ߵȥܺصˡ
˵ɾ͸ɣ۾ȥڶһůĻ


101
Ƚסŵֱ£ů⻬ļ
˸˿ûбˡ
۽޶£ֻܿһŮģžһᣬҲ˲ǳ/ģ¸˿ֱۣ㲻𣬻
ôߵס˿ֱе㷢ۣһᣬ鿪ʼƢ
˿ҲȻϡ
ҲܡӲ̾
á˿ɿ֣֪ʲôʱ򣬻ָΣװģҪ뿪
ƳûӸղŻعѾȥץס˿βͣҹȻᣬҡôȥ
˿㲻˵Ҳ𡣡
ϲ˫ִ칤ߣҿϸ£˿Ц⡣
û·ƤëԼճִ̣
˿֪һ˿һ
ܸ߳һ
ڲԭ̹ߣʱ
˵ĻܿԼһᣬɤˡ
˿ǵһͷӷĹ⣬ڵʱ򣬸˿˵۾壬ҪԱ
ĻĬȥȥ
Ĵʱ˿βͱצ¡
Ųצӣ̧צŵԼǰ۲һᣬŤͷܡ
¸˿վԭؾ뿪
ܣһڶܱ߻ͷ˿û׷ӰԽԽģһš
ı£Ϊո˿ӻ׷ҧĲӣ׼뿪
˿ûаԤ뷨˼ùӲţѸ˿ԶԶ
ȥ
ǲȥ
½ŲԴǰߡ
Աڸ˿֮У˼ԼΪô
ԭϵĸˣʳ
Ա
ǣǰ鲻ͬ
ҲøһĻᣬԼġ
ڲ̤£˿þòܻ
ռʨӺ˿ֻ˯СӣʱصСߡ
ʱҹĻУԱƯν֣߻Ǹղʱû˿ô𺳣㡱
ŵϲ֪İɫС
˿ƽֻӱ˴ԡ
վȽֱ˿ãٻҲˡ
̣ûסôԵ˵
ȳԼϣ߾ߣܾܡ
Ҳܲҡ
˿ִŵҸ뿪Ļˡ
šҪ£ûɹӡһɹӣæ
뿪
˿Ц£ҪɺӻԼ𡣡
Ժ£˵ͷۣˣɹӲһݣÿ궼Ҫȥ
ţ꼾٣ɲܶ
Ȼص߰ɣˡ·˿ҴظϣŪȥ˿⣬ҲԺֻڡ
ٰϣŲĴ㣿צȫʣҡڸ˿ǰ˻Ρ
Ű裬ʵǿȴϲӲװģڸ˿УıԽ㲻ϲϣǿ¡
Ϸˣŭ˿βͳڻı׼
û֮ǰ㲻׼ҡ
˿һͷûѻ˵⣬ܡ
˿ãɹӾͿԣҼסˡ
վԭҧϴõķΧ߰ɡ
ǡ̫ƻ
Ժ󣬿ָ˿Աܱ֮Ť
һֻС˵Աܻ㿪͸˿ĽӴż׸˿
ÿαף˿ܿġ
Ϊ˿ԵʱԴӵˣ
Ϊˣ˿׽˿ëû¾ˣȻŸ˿ȥëԱ̧צڸ˿ıϣæԼ򡣡
˿㲻ҪëΪʲô
Ц
бһڲݵԼǰ֫ë裬ϰûа֣ȥ
ͷˣţطһϢ
ǲڲԭ·ûУܲ죬Ҳ󣬿϶ֻܸ˿۸
ӸĽ󲿶ƶѾüʨΧȴʢ硣
͸˿ֻ̻ø
ż·İԱǼҴ߹Աͻһ𣬻С׷¶ɻ󲻽顣
˿Įֹǵĺġ
Աͻʵ⣬һֻԱ׽ʳԡ
ʸ˿ʱûʳˡ
˿ܳʵ˵ûУʱ򣬾Ư
ƿԡ
ʳ⶯ﶼʳݶǨ㵽԰˿Ҫֻ̣뱣ֹӦʳȹӣӶ԰
ÿ׾ܿ۾
˦ȥϵˮֻСˮͺͱӣڲ磬˿ֻСʪë
ݲԼСëС
ţʶѾӶ棬˼۸˿ר־չСӣͷıӡ
ش˴硣
ֻע⡣
˿ĿϣҺӣӿٶΪë
Ҫ̫Զ⸽ʨӻ๷ܣᱻĶ׽ȥʳ˿Ժ˵
֪˿Ҳ˵ġ
ܵ˼ţȸ˿׽һ뿪
ҴĽӿ˿ϣ׼ʱһֻʧȥĸ׵Сϣ׽ϵǰܼĽȺˣ˿ĸ٣ʱ˵ĺȡ
˺ҧʳĸСӸýʳǿ˼ڣŸ˿˵ıӰǰȲʹߵߡ
˿̽ͷ۲¸˿˿ڵͦصġ
ͷؿڣ
˿ͱö࣬ȴƵģﻹѪζǸ˿Ŭ׽ǿҲ˵ʱ
ˣ˿ϵζҵˣ֮Ҫ㡣
ܾĻζ˵ڣ͵ܼƻã룬Ҫȸ˿ȫ뿪
˺ܶҹڿҿҳȥԣŵСӺ͸˿֮С鷢ˣݵϻ漴ֱӴö˿˵ĻҰġ
һκģۣ쵽˿ȥʱ͵͵ﲻ룬˿ȥ׽˵ȸû£
ƭ𴩸˿ߺ뿪˿ٴεĺ󲱾ߡ
צͽ޹ץŵ棬˿ϵѨ⣬ݣ˿һԶõûʳԡ
иһ㣬˿˵ʱ
ж˿ɰ붴Ѩ
ûһᣬѨʲô/βϡ
УҲ/ҵġ



102
衣һ۵ĺӶͷٴξСʨӵĻҲ衣
ֻСʨӿһ¶ٶĸʨ
ǵߣЩΡ
ԭϳΪһͷĸʨǹûʨȺ֡
²ԭġĸʨڵʨȺܱܿʨɱ¾һΪΧֻȥĸʨҴֻʨ̡
ʨ˻ƽŵײײûȫԼΪԭʨӣԺδҲã
ֻȣˣǡ
Һ̿ԳӣȻҪˮûа취
̸ϼһٱһٵӣˣ޷ȫӦΪ
ֻȻԲǸޱȰģʱ䳤ˣ̶չǵʼ衣
ΣȻϲ
צӸܵ壬עŵϣ׽׳ɹĲԣӴɳץҧûϢֻǰһᣬʼ˺ҧӵ⣬ιǳԡ
һֻιֻ̡
ѾϰߣûгԱʱҲᷢ
ǶûԱһûԡ
ʨһ£˺ܶ࣬ﻹζ׽Ӹ㲻ǣʼĿͶ
̲غãȥԣӰҹƣŲ׽ȥСʨӣ̲ԭأźǣûСʨĻӦ
ڸѰܾãòһµ֪СʨӱŪˡ
ԭ̺ܴʱ
ԭк֣ܶŬڿţİʨζϷݵûѪ
ѽʵ
ӣ£ıϣ̧ͷˮҶϵžʧ
ˮ½ٶȼȣӵվβҰڶ£źҹȻ߳ðѰСʨӡ
ദһѾ飬ֻСʨûԿĽͦסҲǶĳʯͷɪɪǡ
Ժ棬ˮϵĲʸУСʨӡ
ҹʨ˵ĺʨȺԵʣʨȺͣһúϻ£ĸʨǴѰµϢء
qĶ䶶£ĸʨķ
ſqߣ΢̧ͷĸʨѰ̡
q˻ᣬܾͷĸʨĺƺһر𣬲ԭʧȥ̵Ķǣqûȥע
ɨһȦµĸʨ԰ſ˵һȥΧѲӡ
ſɶq˼ĸʨ˵ֹһʨȺ
qȋqΧĶ
ȺķײqͰſôҲû뵽ûбʨȺֻһֻ¶ʪįĸʨ
ĸʨͷĬĬţ֪ǣͣϡĻĸʨǵɫĹ⣬ſɺqԼͬĸʨߡ
ûκԣܲһֻʨӡ
ֻİĸʨ֣︡Ĳ롣
ʨӵһ£ֻ̺ȥĸʨûʨӣ£׺ݵı飬Ŷĸʨ
ſɲ֣q
qǺ֣
ͦ˼ġ
ſɿqqǰĸʨˣ׺ΪѾȫջأ۾qצӣƺ˼ӦʲôķӦ
qʾãѰ𣿡
ֱļqĻʱ΢̧һ㣬qע⵽ϸ΢ı仯ûм߽ͣںʵľ롣
šӦ
ʨȺأʨôңqչֳºһǳԻԣˣټʱľʣĽ䱸߽һ㡣
ҡǣûʨȺ
Ȼû´
qͣҲһõ飬ڴĵطʨȺأ̺ܱܿʨȺĸʨû˵꣬㹻ĵ
ͷһεʨӣֻŲԼСʨӵĶӣǱĶðգȴ˺Ҫ飬صռ
ſɾôqԩʨȺĸʨ
q˵ĿԺܴȴһǣĸʨˣͱʨȺĸʨҪݣظխһЩԵȺܳ
̣Ӧúѡ
ſɵͬȡqľq˵ûʨȺԼǣҽqǰſɣǶڿʨȺ
ԭʨӶ֪ʨȺqſΪͷ¶ĸʨ˸߲ͬ⣬ĸʨûпǣֱӾܾ
ҲκʨȺת뿪βʹ¡
qʨȺ԰ȥ̡
סͷ˵ǱʨȺĸʨҧˡ
˵ǿܡqͣĸʨụ̂Ҳǻǡ
ʨȺѾͷתãòqĻ
ϾqİģҪİ˵ڱɶҲһĵ
q˵ĸʨֻСʨӣСʨ˵õİţأ
Сʨӻããԭأ
ᡣ
ſqߣqղ˵Ļͬŵ˵qĸʨͬʨȺ̣㲻ƭ
qкֿܶܡ
ҾرʨȺ
ģ𣿡ٴȷϵ
ֻԼ޷֪Сʨӵ䣬ҪʨҪʬȻһֱǹ¡
ġ
һҪ⣬ŤʣʨȺʨʨӻų𣿡
˸㣬qʨȺûʨֻĸʨСʨӣ㲻õǻų㣬Ƕҵġ
ĸʨͰſqצĲݵϲ̤¡
ֻʨȫˮζֻ߽ĸʨûжΪɿ
qͰſȥѲӣȴһͷİĸʨȋqİĸʨתƵƵϵζ
βȣеʡ
qȋqȸӦʱ䡣
ȋqΪȻֻסζqʲô
ſɰĸʨ˵ˣ̵ĸʨ׷ǰñӲıӣο
Ⱥĸʨ΢
ֻһֻаŵĸʨѺûӭȴ͵͵˵ô׾ǣĵӺܴ
˵꣬Σ㲻ǵĸףǲƭq㣬뿵ʨȺʵĸʨ˵ȷʵõѡ񡣡
Űţܲãƽ㹻ĸʨǣСʨӲģģǵĸˡ
ĸʨȫסqͰſΪΪСʨ̣ûٴ֤
һˣȻǿš
ֻ뿪˰죬ôͲˡŵĶ⣬˵˵ţί͵ȫӿ
һͷûĸʨֻСʨӣڲԭϺҳڶֻ˵ĵĵط¶һָӵĸԣԻq
qͷ֪ˣǻġ
ĸʨвֻͬĶѣڻŵĿԲ󣬺α˷ʱȥҡ
ſȣ˵
Ȳţĸʨĸʨʢˮһ͸ֱŭ˵˵Ĳʵ뵱ĸףʨȺ̶ǡ
ҵŮҲԺ裬ṩʳ


103
ڸqqʨȺqºأȻqʨȺĸʨԸǧ
ܲӦ
ЩĿ⣬񱻰ǹƤչǰ
ȵŮѾ£ֻĸʨŮ˵ȵıϣôֵΪԼĲ
ֻһ衣ͷȾࡣ
ĸʨΧڿЦ档
qʨȺĸʨ֮ϵܺãȤĸʨӣޱ壬Ůһɡ
ޱ巢һߣûȡ
ԭصôԸѣƽŮ裬úʲô
ģҿɲϲ
ķñ¶ʱޱסȡ
qһЦԴ˵Ĳ
ſҲûлգʱȳԴα񣬲Ȼ̫¡
ȋqһĿ۲㻹ͦ
Ȼعϲңϲ˭
ʨȺϲϲ˭ĳ̶ȣֻʹ졣
ϲġķ϶մˮ̧צ˶棬ǿɾ
µһ仰ȶߣЦȣԺӲùˡ
ȵβĴݵأƵĶУͻȻȲٳڿ
ľֹСһ㲻ȻĸʨΥ͸дģܷŲʨϰߣһ档
ѹqҪ
ˡqվⳡ˵ȥܻ뿪ʨȺҴӦΪ̣ԸȥĿߡ
ǴѰµأûq쵼ĸʨߣ
Ÿпһ䣬qƫġ
ɯ˵qš溰һ
Ŷ㵽ܲĵطû˵
qһȺ˼ĸʨǣ˵źûл˼㰲ʨȺ
껹£qĺܵ΢С㣬һĸʨһȥ̡
£ʾмq
q𣿿ԡ
ֲСʨӣΪʧ£Եĺϻĸʨռ˲Сĵ̣Ҳ뼷ĸʨλãqϤӦ
ſȣſɯߣѾˣɵģԭȫǸO@
ſɵҲO@һʼհ
qĺܽſܿqСһһϣͬС˵
ʪкܷ꣬ſŤͷˮϢ󣬰ſɶɯ˵㼴ҪһСˡ
ɯɻ󣬵ȿſĿڣգգ۾ſɣ˼ǣ
ȋqޱϿԽСĲȵ꣬ƢȋqȵСʨӡ
ȋqԴġѼֻСʨӳѺȋqɹſߡ
˵𣿡ȋqʨ
ɯȻ鶢ȋqһ
ˣſɳģʾȋq˵ûãȥĽ㡣
Ĵȋqŷ֣qȷʵ⡣
˰죬ˮ𽥱СѽվԶ
qȵԭǻʱðȋqſɺһȥ̡
˼ߴ⣬ͶмĿ⡣
qܣβ£ȋqҧסβͣqܿǲǡ
qųβͣȋqҧĺܽ˼ȫڱãqεⲻҪҪǰҵ̡
ȋq³βͣצڲݵϣˮϴӲݵ
ſһеƽ˼
ǵųרȡ;ֵܻСʨӽ
ֱڣһ
һ궼ûͣڸqһ꣬εȻǻȥɣԼҡ
q˵һȥ
ִҡͷУһ뵽ǿⱻţҺܡ
ŲͷʪҹѰãϣ˵ԡûͷû˵仰ûԼ뿪
ȋqŰţʨȫëϵϸСˮ飬
ųҿǵԴˣҲ꣬Ҫȥ
ͻȻʨĸʨǷ̬
뵽ǰ棬ֻĸʨæܹȥ
İĸʨצ£ˮĸʨ˹۾УݵµĸʨϣӺݵϡ
˹ĸʨ
ΪԼҪˡ
ƤݴƣûУ˹ûгɾ͸УİĸʨĲ룬俴
ĸʨ˿˹ı̽ͷ˹צµĸʨ𣿡
ûС˹
˿ıϢ۾ϣĸʨζöζɢԣȻ˹緢ֻصĸʨ
ģΪֻʨӡ˿ܿԵϵĸʨʧȥȤ
ǣʨȺĸʨס˵
˿Դء
ð˹ʮ֣ʣûмֻСʨӣ
˹˿һۡ
ûõ𰸣ֻĸʨ˹ûԷӦʱ䣬צԷ˿϶˼צӣעԼƤëİĸʨ
˹˲ϵϵս֣ǿ׳֫壬ˮȥˮ
˹ϳֻĸʨеqqûͻqأ˹ķ͡
յĸʨĻqǴĲɿײ࣬ȴɹq˹ֹͣս
˿ϵʹڣӰ²Ľеĺǲʨӡ
qûˣ
ûСʨȺĸʨ˵һᣬˡ
˵Ͳƾʲôġ˿򷴲
ȋqȥ˿򣬡ͣúţ
˿Ӵȋqȥһֻֻֻĸʨںҹ˿Ƴqڼֻĸʨûˡ
ų̶˿ܿףǵĹϵһ㡣
˿򱨸뷨ܿ측֣ͻȻת̬ȣ˵ˣȫġ
ղûмֻСʨӣҵȻ˿˦βͣˮΪƤëϣܿ컬䵽ϡ
Ҵȥǡ˿ջ
˹˿衱˿Ū飬ǸעģǿqʨȺĸʨΪʲôʨȺϡ
˹ļһһȋqš
ſߵȋqƣ·
Сʨ𣿡죬̫ˣܷġ
qϿ뿪ɡߴ٣ִķϣ
ĸʨأʨȺΪʨȺڴ˵ؾ
ķչû˿뷨㶻ᣬûСʨӣʵϣǱʨȺĸʨǡ
ͷ˿˵ȥǳˣҿɲ֪
ߣҿԴұʨȺ
qվԭһȥıӰſȥٿҲ
ֻĶĸʨɺޡ
ʨȺĸʨˣҲȥɡ
ȋqԭתȦûֻĸʨ˵ϲ
ˡ
㣬뵽Ǹȥʡqȥһˮ


104
㲻ǿʨȺĸʨô׾뿪ǡ
ߵʱqסˡ˿ߣ˵
¿ʨȺֻĸʨ˵˿̹̬΢һ㡣
˵ĴȥСʨӣƭҡ
˹Сʨģ
û˹ҧĲӣ㣬ʵش𣬡ǡ
Ҿ˵϶ǡ˿һˣ˹ҹѲأԭ벻ֻСʨӡ
µĸ˿ðߣҵһһ˹ꡣ
ĥĥ£̧ͷĻΪܲãǽͷݵɡ
ԺҲqټ档
ʶߵֻĸʨֻĸʨȫڶĿסͣټ룬°Ͷϡ
ȷֻСʨǷȫǰȫĸʨȺûʨεҲȥ
߰Щ飬˿򿿽֪
ĸʨĺȣ㱻ŵ
֣Сʨӣǣ
ѾͣĽǶ˵ԲԭĶ˵Ϊܹ졣
ǡ˵
˿ЦǲŲ
˼˿ǣڵϹһȦû
ͣǼ·˹˿򣬡ȥұʨȺ
˿ͷʵʵûôɵƭƭ
˭ÿʨȺĸʨ
֮˽˿ҸطȻȥһʶ
˿ĺãģ˹ȥԣĶӣٰӵ
˹Ϊһ٣ڲݵϣûа뷨˵
ֵ꼾ˮݷïԭ洦ɼ˿˹ȥԣûͽ
һͷˮûа׳Եͣ˼ţ˹˿֪ôȺĸ׮ֵȲǣ˹˿ǱȺ˻ضڲ
ƻİ˿׷Ⱥ
˹ȥ׽Ⱥ꣬ײһͷСĸܰѴʨӣġ
ѵҪȺ£
ֱù͸
˿ǱţǱƷڵأڲݵϹ˼Ȧ˿ſڵϴεĸأ̧Ҫ˿ۻӰֻǣǸѸ٣Ӳ߿ưȺĸʨ˵ġ
Ҳû취赲ȺȥϮðȺȺĽŲ
˹ûܵ˿ߣĲק뿪վ
˿֪Ż˻ڵϹëġ
˹ͶĸʨϣȺƺҲü׷ĸʨûʲô˼СûˣȺ̻ȥȺȣСӰһ⡣
˿ġ
˿૵˹Ķˡ
ûеõ˹ĻӦ˿̧ۣ˹ҲڷӲݵվȻе㷢ڵϲ˼ɫĲ֭
û°ɡ߽ʵ
ǣ˵
˿ӿ죬
Īޣ˿ᣬܼ򵥵顣
˿գۣԴı͸飬طԣﲻʺǡ
߿˿Եڵء
ԹıӰ˿Ƭ̣׷ȥ
˹ҡҡͷں档
ǶﷱֳڣǺ׽һֻõĽԱë˿ְߣ˹עţ˿ӵеЦ
Ц֮˹
˿̬ȱ仯̫죬һʱ֪θദʨȺӶоӣϰ߶˿ԼܣԱ߶㣬˿򿿹
˿ƢûôãҪ˿ҧסβͣһƬȻٶ㣬Ҿ㡣
㲻᲻֪ǿԽɡ
һûԹҪҪԡ
ľս¶㵽˹ĸʨô̫
˿⣬Ҹ˹ֵ𣿡
ٶۿ˹һۣԶԶġ
˹ʲôû
ʶ˹ĵССϲ
ǣϿȥұʨȺ
˿ܵ˹֪ܱƵ̫ݣϹ񫣬ңƫȥ
˿˹ҲŻʨȺĴȥұʨȺ˿򾭳˵Сʨӣ㶼Ҫһȥӡ
Ը⣬˿۾һУ
ϲСʨӣҵʱٸҼֻԭʧȥĸʨӻʨǡ
Ҳ̫ϲϲĸʨ̡˿δ
˲һ
һֱ죬쳹׷磬ݵ϶ζ˹ᵽʨȺζ˵ѾߵʨȺǰߣҵǡ
Ļ
˵ЪһЪɣ̫ˡ
ʨӳȷʵҸ˯ĺʱ
ϲϢ˹˿˯죬ˡ
һֱǰ߾ҵҲ˱ʨȺأҲ±ʨȺĸʨزҪ
˹˿򣬹ͻ뿪
̫򵥣˹ȷʧˣ˿ͷʨ죬һһɢȡ
˿Ūķŭԭشתβͷ˦ҴҴŭ˵Ҫ
˹浭ʵ˿òȥ˵һ𡣡
˿ûȥ˹һһȥһ
ͷмйŭ
ʱѾܳȥ߰˹ߵ淢飬ԭЪϢᣬצ죬
ż紵ĸ䶯˶ޱȡ
û£΢ЪϢһᣬǰߣƵʰѲԭȾ죬ʨӵĻԾڣԱʨȺ˿֪ĸʨһĴΣա
ܿĵطߣԽһ£צðͷվԲϣĲݵرһأֲֻڲݵϣһֱľͷ
߰һĹľԵĸСʨӰ
ſȥŲݵסԼҵʨȺˡ
ԲʨȺǱΧ۾űֻĸʨŵСʨ̡
벻СʨӳĶֲ࣬ŲݵǰУ㣬ٽ㣬
צӲȵһӲĶ̵̧Ĳݼ䣬һͷӴĸʨ
գգۣ֪ηӦ˰ΣצӺô󡣡
һȺĸʨΧסʨȺĸʨȿʨȺĸʨҪ࣬ĿⲻưΧ
ȫǴֳȣӣβͶŲ
ģצӺܴĸʨʵ
һֱˡ
˵ʨȺأǣ˵ĸʨǰζ
ɪ¡
ǣ˻ȥĸʨ˵
Ƥ˵Ķ𡣡
ԡʵش
˵Ǵҵ̣ǡѾ֣Ҳû塣


105
̣ǴظǶû㣡
һȦͣפڿͷĸʨϣֻԡ
˲䶮˼һûọ̃ɻӦûҴ
ĸʨӿһطʨûκΣգ׷ܳŲһһӵĳߡ
ֻʨʨûϤʨһصĽ˷
Ķ䶯˶ΪĸʨУÿʨദͼסʨĽ
˵ʲôܣжصӦֻʨ
ڱʨȺ˴ңʨǻûǵĸʨȣʨﺰ裬ĸʨ¶ķ϶мΧȦ
ʨӺͷһθ¶ֻʨͼë
ߵķƱǺĸʨ̴ˡ
ֻƽ£һ㣬ˣԵɣʾСʨƽʨȺĺܺã뿪ʨȺκв
Ҫߣʨ
ǻȥֻʨŴ۾ԣһֻʨ˵裬㲻Ҫˣ
ɬ
һĻɣǿ벻㡣
ñӲʨǱͲңҲκһʨȺ뿪Ǻܿͻҡ
һֵֻʨӡ
Ҫʱס·㻹ȥĶ
żǿ׳壬ĸʨƺ̫ѵʨȺĸʨҲǣ
ִŸͷʨҲоΣϢĸ¡
һСĽ䱸ء
ǲ˵Ż˰ɡûж⣬ҪߣСҲҪߣû취
ҧסߣ
ʱ϶໴󺰡»棬ͷۣ̫ϲչ̡
°ɣʨȺԴĸʨѺõġ
һСʨӡǿֻʨҲ¡
ͬ£ֻٴЩߡҲǰ֪
û
ڱʨȺӻУʨȺĸʨ࣬ƺôֻĸʨ
ˮĸʨֻ̳̣ʱȫߡ
Ⱥ岶ԲҪ룬ʨȺÿӣ׳ˡ
ѿʨȺʨȺԺ꼾ˮ࣬Ѳػվ¿տĵطϵˮ
ȥԵĸʨǴͷɥͷķƱʨȺĸʨˣǵˣ˵ƱͶë
֪Ŀ⣬һһϣԶ壬ĸʨȴŤͷ
ͷ͡
£߹ʣʨȺܳģ
һʲô˼
ķӦҲˡ
ĸʨ˿˵һ㣬Ȼ󡱼۾͸¶ɫƱתĻû˵ڡ
û뵽ô˿͵ܵ¡
ֻʨͷѾôߣʱ뿪ˡ
뷨߼û̻ش𣬿һᣬ˵
ʨȺĸʨֻֻǴ򲻹𡣡
ſڼߣҲǲͽҺ¡
ֻʨܹԣβͺͶ棬ǣģСʨɵĶװҧǵķȹ󣬱ײ˼°͡
㷣Ϊ⣬ңǷƱȣϵ
ŭȻ˱ʨȺ£ʨȺ¡
˵Ҫߡ˵꣬Ʋͷȥ
ϸããʧȥʨֵ˼˵ǣ˵õģһ뿪
᲻ů⣬վ뿪ߡ
ûȵ˿ʨȺĸʨѡһգʨȺڵأռԭصԱ
qſվڱ߽紦
βѣ㵽
ĸʨq˿ĸʨԱǶ࣬ûٽһֻĸʨ뿪
ɿ
ǻۿҲʶ
㵽Ƕĸʨ
˵
ǰ濪·ѲһȦصϢص㣬ʨȺͷͣЪϢ뿪ʨȺڸ߶
صĽŲͷǼ
ĴצӲȵݵϣ
ͬУԲ
Ц˵ǲˡ
˭֪һ
ʱû˼
ӿŲͼһ
׷ȥСֻĸʨ
ܵʨȺܳһξ룬Ϊɵ˵˷ܣôܡ
ڵϲһȦˡ
ߣᣬôء
ţϸۼ壬ұȲ㡣
βڲݵ˦ţΪſˣܽ
ţԸ
ĲԼܺܲ˵ǰʨȺûн̻𣿡
˼ᣬͣﶼͲģǲǸ
ЦҲУʨȺ㡣
뿪
צӶ˶ϢĻ˵˿ûʲô
ûֳر˵˵һΪϲҡ
žһƬûϷ
ԵüĻرϲ𡣡
ֱӣ۾ͼӡ
𣬼ڲݵϲʪһƬ
˵ˣ𡭡˵Ц
һҲЦ
ķӦüصҺ档
ԴӼͫ￴Լһûʲôرʨ棬۾ɵùԲȵһҵһϰߡ
ÿζһѲأΪ㲻ҡ֪ʱܽܣ˵ûбһ˼
ͻȻԼצҧһڣۣΡ
ֵͷԼҲûرζ
ΪʲôĸʨǼ񷢻Ƶġ
ܲ⣬Ϊʲôϲңƽƽ棬ܲ
ͬʣ㲻֪رվʨȺһܿ㡣
رĶǰͺ̡
Ȼر
̲ס˵Ϊ࣡
ô˵¶Ҫ뿪
ϴεİ취ǱʨȺĸʨ̫࣬һ
ٶһֻ˿衱ĸʨ
ֻͼ
̾Ϣ˵ҡСżʨ棬߰ɡ
̫ˣҪúһ롣
Ϊܾ˼У
ϵʨȺԽԽԶ
ҹ٣ʪĿв̫á
ͣצӺϵë
ʱë
˻ᣬԴתȦĹľԺܶ࣬ʺܣ˵Ъᡣ
ʱ򣬴Ӧ
ˮˮţмľֻһצɴð˯û
ûС
ĺȷ˼£ҪϢ


106
ż˯죬ÿһСʱһ䡣
ܼʱӦ
˯˹ȥ
˯ʱ۽޻֫צż鶯һ£ҹһ㲻Ϣԣֱ
ûȥˡȵ
ûȫѣһӼȦԼİĵطĿⶢż˻ᣬ
գԼǲ
ܲˣʨȺһģǰצأ
ͻȻβʹš
ŵͬʱ̧צӣɫ볯һ£¶Ȯݵͺ
ܲ㣬צıϣûצһ£Ƥûơ
˦˦צӣ̬Ūòڡ
ֹȫ
ǰ棬̫ϣһǰһӰǳ
ԳȥǺͷƱſһͷӶð˷ܵĹâ
ӽ쿪ʼżȥѲأȥԣСʨӡ
û˵ʲôΪʨȺ쵼ߣҪܶࡣ
Ѿ˵Լĸ飬ֻҪһֱʨȺһ
ҲĸʨԸпա
죬ҵᡣ
ʨȺĸʨ࣬ʨҲ࣬ÿ춼Ҫԡ
ĸʨǶһͷ˵Ұˮţ
ˮţۼһƬĺˮߣ۵Ĳݣˮţվںˮｵ¶óĶҧͷ˵ˮţͲкܴ˿ڡ
Ǵʳ⶯צѡ
ϴſֲ˿ʹıˮֲͷŴ͡
ΪʳˮţеѣˮţˣͷñһĽηԲʱˮţȺԶԶܿ
ĸʨĥצǶڲݴβͻӶϿշСӡ
ϴ˿˹ԣȺźܼĶĸʨȥ׽ҰˮţһѽͰȺңԳܡ
֪ôõĻᣬӦúֻʨúø𣬲ѾôûڱʨȺҲӦ
Ƿ󣬵ĸʨǳʳݶ׷׾ӴܣҰˮţҲ⣬װģ˼ûĸʨעļڽȺߡ
ܳĸʨӰľ룬˦βҸǰУһųϣһ׵ĸ߶ȣȻſϢβʹ
ԹӶҪȥԡ
ԭ̫󣬺ͼѲ˲أѾ֪ܱܿǡ
ڱؾ˿϶ᱩ¶ӣĲȥǱ档
˺üʨȺܵԶĵطʨȺԶҲ
ģӵĹͷ֨֨졣
ֻӣ𡣡
һӵϱﻹҧһȡ
qͰš
Ťͷܣ׷ȥסû˵ʲô
ôһ̫ûñʨȺϳˡ
³⣬ˣײqϡ
˵ʵqڣһ㣬q˵ܹ
qڲݵϣǰë˵
ıܶУԼ򲻹ţ̾Ϣǰұϳˣ𡣡
ɣһ١
qΪʲôҪ㡣ߵǰ
ƲԴȻˣ԰ֻǸʨȺĸʨˣƾʲôҡ
ֺ԰˵ҵ·
Ƕò
q˵ҷ֣ܲûһֻĸʨһĸʨ̣ϻʨȺ
Ҫܵѵ
qǺºͣĻϷ
û´ǴʨȺܹİɣʨȺȻʵҪܡqһ˵Ϊ켣һۣҾͲ֪رʨȺס㡣
˿ͼܿ춮q˼
̧ͷ죬˵
ررֳرˣ
һʨӵƤȺĸʨܿ
󺰣أҴʨȺߣ
qͷȽʺ㡣
ɴֱ氲ţ̧צܣqͰһ𷴻ûʵս̫٣ɵϴʱײ˴ʯϡ
۵Ŵֱ
ƺҲû뵽ײqû£
˵ء
qͣ£˵һʨȺȶˣҸṩʳ
ĩˣ˵ˣ򱻱Ķɱ
Ŷȣ۵֪ͷûжϡ
Ȼڲԭϣûͬ˵£ûʲô
ͬqȥƵ
q׽ԣʣȳźȺqŻؿʨȺء
һ·²ߣΪչ·죬qͰ˰컹û߳幫
Ŵδ߹·˵ܡ
һͦϲġ
㲻˳ǱֵٴҵŻû׺ݵһ档
qѰţ
Űߴƿ㿴׵ġ˵ȴеݡ
һȳһգqͰչͦģǵġծֹһѾ˿ǣq˵·ܻ̾صʨȺ˿˹һֻİĸʨǿӦҲĸʨĸʨ
ʨȺĸʨ糾ͣqͰŵǰ
Ҫһȥپˡq˵
˿Ϳһȳһգߵҧˣȥ
ںδͷ˿Բ̶ߡ
q˿ͣô룬ڲ㡣
˹һֱԱûڣqһ˵Ҳܲҧȣͻѡ𣿡
飬˹˹qͰ
֪˵Ǽ١
Ϊ̱ӣ˵ҵײʯͷˣ޹ء
͵͵ҲԣֻؿʨȺ
ƺĻشqǲãҴȥ
źߺ˿˵ÿ
ڱʨȺأͻɲá
˿վԭشڴòҵߡ
ʨȺˣȳһʵס
ĸʨǻսûȣû
һᣬȷ紵ϣһѵܻᡣ
ٺˣĸʨǵƳʱͣ£ȷ·𶼲ˣһתֻצܡ
ûܼ
ǰ棬ŷƱǡ
ܵУ޲ԭٿȥ
Ϊʲôôù
һ̣ѵŭǶΪˣұĸûпʬ壬ֻĸʨѭζҵ
Ҫܡ
ԶսĸʨҪܵɰɡ
ͬĹ⡣
۵ȴС
ʨȺֹͣ򶷣Χмĸʨ
qʧ˵ƭҡ
˿ЦĻ
˹˵ܵͷ
ôҪҧҵȣб¾
ȰӲˡ
㣬㵽ѡ˭
˭ڡ
ʨҲҪˡСҡͷһֱڵ㡣
Ĭ
˿⣬Сʨջ
˦˦Դ˵ô죿
˹ɨӹڳĸʨƽɡ
ûѡô
ֻĸʨഫ񣬶󣬻Ϊϸϡ
Ҫס


107
ڱһ¡
رһֻĸ룬һֻ̡
櫲װĸҪҧ̡
ĸƴ赲ϱĸצӻˡ
ĸΰġ
ĸҲûȫˣҧ˺üڡ
ĸĶӣûм׷ȥ
ӮֻҪռصĸϣЪϢ
ڵأһǻ˿һҰȮȺҰȮȺ̫࣬żԽ磬櫵Ƭûбȱ㡣
ĸصºܿ챻ǡ
Ѳزԣһظһ졣
ϱʳѪζϢıᵽ˲ֹʳѪбζ
ڱɫƤë¸ֳİߵ㣬´һֻС̤ѵ۾ϵ⡣
櫵βͶ߶ֻС
ûǴǰ촳صĸ̡
Ȼû뿪
櫾Լܵս
ȥСǰ
СС֪£Ųݵزˣһתܡ
צӣûþСӲڵϡ
ĸʱˣ̻ڸ£Ŷźڱ
櫲ƽСĸ׶ƤߣɱĸסȻɵڵϣצӣ¶Ƥ
Ŀ¶˺󼸲
ĸôߣüŲݵؿ˺˵
櫳У̣ҵء
ĸƲ
櫷ˣԾȥܡ
ĸʱһۡ
ڱ櫵ʱʲô˼챻ֻĸ櫶ֻܲܵҰȺصı߽ʱȻ
ԼߣȻռء
Բܡ
ͨ櫼Ҵ
ĸֽпңֳܾϲģβҪ
櫶㿪ĮΪҲҧ𣿡
翴˵˵ѣߴԼƤëб櫣ѽ
̫ˡ
⧲ʱҧסǰצƵĺ˦ͷﳢ˻Ѫζ
ҲۣͫСצӱڱҧĸоܣȮڳֻмѪζ
һԵСɯڱĸ˵ĻǰˣȥĸߣһᣬϽܿ
櫿ԽǰצҧϿʣԼʹ侲ᶨ˵ߣ˵ϲ㡣
ҵȶԵҲϲ㡣
櫺ͿһᣬʱѾ˰ӳϼ櫵Ҳûɿˡ
ǰצ˼Ѫһɣûбֳ
֪ڱѾˡ
һᣬӵվǰצֻ̧צڵ˼
ڱ櫲ͷ͵Լûע⵽߳櫳ȥʲô
άԼװģݵȥԣҺͷɯûнʳ
櫵šת뿪
ԶˣжڲݵϣŻµѪצӣߵݡ
չҲףԼڱȷʵΣգͺڱһϵûУóȻڱأڱڣҲú档
뵽ҧ̵ۻʱצӵ˲ʲô
رߣۻҧֻ̣ȶںڱأʱܵõӻ
˵ϲڱûκ︺¾С
ڱӦˣһȦûпɯɯСӴʯͷܳ굽
Դ
ɯצϵѪǰţڿϡ
ȥǺڱ櫣ԶԶġ
ɯ
ɯĸ£ûọ̈̄ܵ
ĸι̵ĳһֻСߣǰ
ţҵģ
櫿̵Сӣûͷûβ䣬ụ̫̂ˡ
˵צӷŵĸԣʾ櫸ղŸɵĺ£ܵţƽʱ
櫺ɫ¶ҧסŲԼûж
ȣǸġ
ҧצӣǸģ
˺ʬ壬һԿԡ
θöá
ڳ⣬̲ס롣
֪ǲĵԸʵˣÿ櫶Ͷι
д̲סʣΪʲôṩʳ
櫿ɵһҧ㣬㻹ȥ𣿡
Ҳԣצ˻ûá
ˣİãʱ
ϲ㡣
ԽԽϲ㡣
ǱֳһģܸˣΪ櫾һֻĴĺû첻˵
ֻۻûͺ櫴ֻӵͲ£櫣һۻ
ˣ궯ڵۻҪһֵԸԡ
룬櫵أ櫰ۻṩʳԣҲҪ
Ӧĺܿ죬Կ׽ʳҲ飬ͳԣͣڿԽԽá
ûκηԼëɯġ
ֻСʱߡ
˵Ϊ÷ɯѧϰԼܡ
櫲ţԼڣ˺Сӡ
櫸ЩۻɲһûбҪ˺̡
ҧɯֲ̡
еΣѷɯ
ֻСĺ񣬱ӳ鶯ţн䱸
櫶˵ԺҪĸס
ѷɯһ櫵Ϳ״û⣬м䡣
תۿشӦһ£ܵǵˣһƽҹѲأߣҧסĺ󲱾
βͷȥ
ʶĿ˻ᣬɿڵϹ
櫱צڲһ
㲻ϲ𣿡ֲķͫе׺ݣĸԲÿ˵
أƭġ
ҵرߣһֻۻϣֻƭϡ
ôˡ˵꣬Ҳܰա
櫺ɫƤëҹɫУֻķͫעſ
ڱŭһ£ŷɯæܿ
櫵ƭңټ㣡
ȿ櫵Ӱſ촭Ҳ֪ڱû׷Ȼŷɯܲߡ
ɯͷʿ裬ˣǻҪ𣿡
ҲƴŸô죬ͻȻø˿غںڱڡ
ŷɯȥø˿
뿪櫵أվڱ߽һᣬӵεŷɯȥ
ˡ
ѲһȦһȦʼûټͷɯӰ
ڻζ
ţǷǳпζֲҧϻٳʧȥ
Լˣ档
ʱˣʱ룬ŷɯȥ
ǲǴͬķȥƭӡ
ǣ⣿


108
һͷĸ̣ûĴεҲ½
ΪԼȥѰǵټɣϾ
ת۷һҹںҹ￴һࡣ
ڲԭϵжţȤû뵽ء
Щٴоꡣ
ϢƵķӦ湻ٶ۵ģѾߵ׵ľ룬ɵɵվţĿⲻ֪ûʲôʱᵽڿζ
Բϴ
û˿һֻʶĸʨߴ򿪡
ǰѲʱżԶԶ˿ӰҲڲԭ¼̻櫺֮ܿĹϵ
ֵͦģ˿Ȼϲࡣ
ͷֻһҪʵǿ
õĴ·ɣȴŭ
Ǹ˿Ľ㣬û뵽飬Ҳûи߹
ƭܴ죬ȥõأʲô
ڸ˿ȥҿʲô櫰ŭȫйúýѵĿ
˿ܻ̣¿ôֵ顣
˿ƺͨˣҪԽأȥʲô櫲ģ֪Ҫȥ
̤˿أصںҹҵ¹Ӱ£ðſŵĿ⣬ܳ졣
Ϊġ
櫶ԵֻСӣֻ̬Ҫ˺Сӣܺƴģ
˵︴ӵĸܣѿצ£׺ûеʱƤ˳ӡ
˵֮϶Ҫһȸ˿Сӻ˿ٴһȫƾԼ
櫴ƾʲôͬ⡣ô˵ɿצ뿪
СӴܵıӰһҳ
û뵽һԼҲ᲻أڱĻϣÿڿ档
һױ¿Ͷ¶צ
һʼѾϰߣصֺú˳ӣڲԸɡ
˿һֱصĶԽԽ࣬ſϿſԱͺǣҪԸֻСӳԡ
ֻڳСʳǳ櫿ſÿ켸ƣιǣĵá
л˿ҲǺܲףѵ֪ιСж
ԼӸ
ɵ
櫰ѽĸ飬ΪȴΥ뷨Ѳ׽СǰȻһԣﾪȵģ
룬ҪǿԣҲûҪȥ˼һᣬ֪ģ˺¸Сӷʳ
֮ṩʳܣû¶̬
ֱ˿תͷ櫸ȥֲֹ˿࣬ļʨȺĸʨˣҰȮϡ
ˣϢͺ⼸ʨȺ͸˿ʲôʱôгˡ
£ԭΪࡣ
ҪӲԭصԭĵط櫾úףȻȥˡ
˿Ļ걻һ㣬ɼ縺СӵΡ
櫶˵ŷɯԻҵء
˰죬㲻ϲҰɡ
Įࡣ
ûȿ˵뿪ʵһſ˼ҹսʵ
˿ʯͷƵʧλڵȵ
ҲŻع飬ֻСڲǸڿߡ
ڲԭǵĶﲻ٣ĸʨϵ˿ڣΪһֱھܾ
벻ͨʲô
ټƽϿƭ飬һΣ櫳Լеġ
ǻڸ˿صı߽磬ϼͿԻصء
˿ĻһˣһֻӶһ櫲Լˣ
üûڿǰ֣ȴ
Ȼԣ׷ҵĵط
ɿ͸˿ϲĵطʮ
õ˸ı䡣
װû
ҧϢ͵͵櫡
ȵϵ櫸ܵ߿ʱֿ𴦡
ֻ˭ȵͷ
̽ʳȵ櫴վȥı𼹱Ƴ
ûȥ෴ķ
ȺڱʧУҴȥ
һƬ֣櫾϶صϣ֪ĿϣתһȦ
վм̲ס˵һڣϲϣˣˡ
ˬ˦βͣ׼ȥһҶǰû׼צӴڵʶһ£۾ɴ
ըëˣӺá
ƽǷˡǴһѧһЩﲻô˵Ļ
櫵ӲǷҡ
Ҵһܡ
סûȥЦ櫣˿˵ĻΪ˿ɣȴ˿ˡ
żΪ𣿡Ʋ΢΢ҡԴ
һᣬ櫵ż𡣡
ҵضЩ£Ҷǵá
޻˵ưβ˦žž졣
Ƭ̺ȻҶԸͷˡ
βͱҧס
ͷ³β˵ͦõģѧģקס˿βͣ˿߲
ŭԴˡС뿪ߡ
׷ȥסղŵĻʲô˼
Ҫƭң
ûôʱƭ㡣һʱƭΪȥ֪Ҵˡ
櫳ĬһᣬҲ˵װȥá
㡭ôװ
һֱΪңΪ㡣
Ҳί߲ңǰƤ˵ϲҡ
ȥ˿㣬㻹ҧҡ
꣬ڲݵһںһţֻܿί
ûԼһֻԺڱйϵ̣һпܻвĶﶼн䱸
ദӣͻȻ櫵ίĲʱ򣬡ˡ
𡣡ʵ
櫲شȻִ㻹û˵ʲô˼
ǡ
ǹġ
Ҷ·ɯ㣬Ϊʲôҡ˵һ𡣡
̧櫵ķӦ
ڱ޶ԣ߳ܵ£ҽ̧̧Ըˣˡ
һҲϡ櫳￴ҲԸ⡣
㲻Ը⡣ߵߣãһֱڵš
ڱͻҪһߣûָܣÿһצ¶Ļϡ
һҵذɣŵ˿š
˵ˣŸ˿Ц
櫵ܵȾתͷ˵ȴͿͲײһ𣬺ȺģֻͻȻ˼
ֻĬȻû˻ᣬЦˣ㻹Ầ𣿡
֪˵ҧ󲱾¡
㲻Ҳǡ
ֻ֮ľֿʼβͺβͽһ
˵ڿʼһ
ͬ⡣
¹峺ԭжͺţΪĲԭرֲرһԡ


109
ȥʱûκԤ׵ģ֦£Լֻ˯ȥʱΧĻˡ
ֿ̧˿ԼֱۣеԵƤҩάֵסġ
ڵİȫ͵֦¹´ߵǰӳӡ
ˣ
ľƵذȻ͸⣬׷ѩк߶ޱʵ
֦´ţصıķҪ緹
ķŽţѣС㣬ôЬ
λķӡҴ˿ʮˡ
ķЬ֦´͵£ƮƵģ꣬19xx𣿡
ǵġķȻе죬ش
֦תطٻϵ˯ȹҴҳš
һѩĵĲţڻѩ·ôԶµЬһѩˮϵˮ
Զ·߱ܣϵʹһСӵĺǰ֦¶źϵͭڴָͭĽѣߵͭڴ漣
ͷϣڵĽŲԽԽ֦ºҪϢ
Ŵ򿪣żǰɢѩȽҶ˫ֱŵĶųſڵ֦¡
֦Եɢʪ˺Զ·
ȽҶŹϣ̣ôˣ˵´绰𣿡
֦°Ĳ˲䣬˫סȥ
öö꣬õ֦ͣȫƾǵѳɿµĻ֧Լ˲˹š
ſڱ֦ǣȽҶĿҪСÿÿţֵʱ䣬վ֦˻ᣬСﴫгѹڵϵȽҶæƿ춼޵ġ
ô㣿ȽҶĶͷܸо첻̫
֦±˱ۣ¶ڶůˡ
ȽҶ̧ס֦£ĺ󱳣š
˰ӵһᡣ
֦ȽҶϵӻ㣬˵һجΣȥһʱգûٻ
ȽҶЦǻһجΡ
أûȥң
֦Ƶˡ˿ɳƣҲ
ȽҶο㶼˵ˣͽˡ
䣬ɣ̫ճңȻᱻҰ迴ǵĹϵ
˷ֿʱȽҶŷ֦µۿܺ죬ЦǣִȥҪɿʱ֦½סҶӣǱˣǵĹϵҲܱô룬ܹӡ
ȽҶǲ˵õġ
֦ҡͷҲظľ
£ر֡ȽҶŵ֣ӰĹ
Ϊ㣬ÿ㣬ԸĲҶԿһȤûС֦µҿԴǵ
ССԺӴԣвϵŮҶӣ˭
ûȽҶش֦¶˵ûлĸĸÿ춼ڿޣȥǣ֪ʲôɣǵǮһδα˻ء
ҶӣľĺʵʵڶڸлһĻᣬز÷ı硣
֦һ꣬״̬ȷʵܲԣ۵ȫʧõҡ
ȽҶ̾Ϣһûа취
ȷˣ
֦֣صͷ
ȽҶʮָ۴ݡ
֦´ȥ˹ȽҶûȫ̹֮Ĺϵһ˳Ȼٱӡ
ȥȽҶö֮ЩͬҲζ
ͬڵʱѱܣȽҶͣٱ̫ɫʱԺס㰲ȥһĿ
ȽҶ֦˵¡
ڸĸǰ̹ףȽҶϣ費ţһֱǷ֣ݣȽҶʱס֦ĸͨ
֦µļͥΧܿţĸүү̶֦ϲһŮ˵飬£֦µĸĸ֦´ְרĴ⡣
ȽҶ˵Ҫȥĵطʱ֦üͷٴѵı䲻˱磿
ĥӲݲȽҶȥȽҶΪһΣ͹֦¹Ѿķˡ
ȽҶòȥ֦͵͵ţȽҶƽɹɽʱ֦ӯ
ȽҶÿƽĵӣ֦żɵЦϱ붼¡
Ƚʱϱʱջ
ʱջȻȽҶûдԽԭ˲ᴩԽıģ֦ĬĬ£ûȽҶ֪
ȽҶⱲӿĻţ鵽ϣ֦Ը
ȽʱȽҶҲˣ֦ǸŮȽҶڲԭµĶȽʱߣͲϵʱ֦¿ҩǿά
Ƚʱ˵ĻţǸӵ̫ãҪ
Ⱳ֦²ִӳϱӾдڱڱչԿ׽Ƚʱ
ȽҶ˶ɹһ
ȽʱĽ򿪱չ񣬿¼Ķ
֦ºȽҶⱲӽ̳ȽʱһЩĮƫִͳ
֦¼¼֣Ƚʱһܣڶ֦µġܡֻؼҡ
ȽʱûոСԺļˣ㡣
һ˫ˮĴ۾ͫ쳣ƯȽʱ˵˽㣬Ƚʱ۾Цˡ
ǰΪʯʧʱȽʱܿ侲֦µļ¼ãȽʱºӭ
ϲϲԭĻȽʱνܣʱջеʱȽʱֻ
˵ʵ˽ΪҰûֻѧ˼Ļ
ȽʱкԶ֮ɸĶԽԽ࣬ȽʱʶʨҰȮ๷
͸æҵԸûдӰٶ˼ųСӱ
Ƚʱϲ¶¼ﾭж٣Ҳһ𣬸ĶЩᣬֻҰȮϡ
ԼС̨ȥԳʦ׼ĸ㡣
дκȹһȡ
ԼԿȲӦҹȽʱ¥ˮɳϣֻ۾ȽʱȽʱŵĲᡣ
Ļû˵ڣҰŻ£ﻹδʳֹ̺֯ϣƺҲɻԼôˣɳȥͷ̺Ϻںһ̲䲻ͣš
ȽʱٳԻȥ̺档
صɳǰɳһҰ̬ɳ̺£ĶĵĸСȽʱһᣬ̾Ϣ׻ǸСӡ
ڿһյ͵ĵƣȽʱˮȣϲȣűӣͷСھʳϸȽʱΰ˰̫Ѩɾҹڡ
ЩûпǣȽҶ룬ȥʦЩ˵ͻʶ
ϺˮǺ෢̺ӹϣȽҶ̺ӣָֻҰ̬
ȽĿҰ棬ͣ˻ȽҶ֡ʱȽҶ룬ЩġСȥܻø
û취Ҫȥ


110
ʱȥԭжｵҲжƩ翭ǵĳɳ仯һ
ľ챻ڲԭǺˣ඼ϵģиදҪȥ硣
ʳ⶯ЩɿأƶأÿȥİֻֻܿסԼıԡ
Ҳ˳ӵĶҪĵصȥ磬δ֪ĵطջƵƵǰ˿̽
Ȼʧܵġ
ڱ櫺ͿƬأҰȮϵȺҲܷǵã˿ʨȺš
һĸıǾ޴ġ
Ƭ½ĶոһУԼԼҲ˵Ĺ£ƾһ֮ûҰȮʨԱܹƽһദ
ֵȷʵˣʵֻԼ
ĶﱻǸܡ
ֻڸ˿СѾ󣬲վڸ˿ߣƵıǿľʵ
ȫû뿪˿أԴֻС³ٴȻδѡ
˿ǿֻСһֱڡ
ѾȰ˵˿ǣɯһʱѾߣ档
ڱ櫰һֵø˷ɯڵܲ
Ա£Ѿȫ꣬Լˡ
˿ʯ໥ëֻԭôΣգһԶô죿
˿ҡβͣĲüëţʵڵǡ
Ĭһᣬ˿ıԺڴܣǲǵ
ٺûôС
ֻССʱǰչʾԼڳ󣬷ʾ
ֻҪԭճ
˿ֹһοҪ굽
ֻС󣬲ΪǺԼ
淨⣬ᣬĸͺӱ˴˸裬ڶϰһԼ
ٺദһʱɡò
˿ܸףֲڵͷգģԺˣһȥǡ
ëֻ֪˿Ҫǣ¶ƤڵϷ£ţ֮ڳ˼ͷʨӣѸٴӵվڲݴԺ
ͺٱĶȷʨӵӰѸ
qһֻĸʨ߽ӲݴԺǷš
ϳqqֻĸʨûм
qûĹԷĸʨǰߡ
޴צʵڲݵϣqԶʯͷһ㣬ߴ˿ӰqƿĿ⿴ǵĻѾ˻û뿪أ˿ûн̻β棿ÿֻ֪һɡ
qĳ磬صҵŸ˿˵Щ𡣡
qߵĺЦ߽һº˵뿪ԭȥԼأԭôǿ϶ȥ
q˼Ҳǲûڸ˿أಱӣ˼˵Ҳߡ
ˣqжȣڿʨȺڷľʱǰĨȥһЩɫʡ
qûж⣬ֻǾѾ꣬ʱöԲԭķꡣ
šˡ
˿ģôˡ
q͸˿æ⣬qĸʨûǣ
ĸʨϸϸ㲻ǵˣĪΡ
ȥˣĪҲѾ꣬վqߣǳƤëɫŽӲӵĹ⡣
㣬Ѿˡ
ĪζΣͳˡ
һֱûٻعʨȺq㡣
һɶ
ߡεʶ̫Ķ
˿βͿ˦ͷĸʨҲйѾȥ࣬ƺΧƵĶԽԽࡣ
Сۡĸ˿ԼôĶֻq׽ķһֱٱ䣬λͷĸʨ
q͸˿ϣ۵Ц
ļ米ͺΧqĪȦֻҪ˿Ƿָͺٻͷĸʨ
q۲ֻĶûηֻ껨Σա
˦ͷžѾˣ˰ɡ
Īο˵Ľ׳û˵
Ƣһһ󣬻̵ʱ򣬸˿Ϳٶݣһв˳ģצӺݴ
Īϡ
Ƶ˿صǿΧһѵĻʨӣ̤ŻĲڡѵ⡱ĶƲûһ뿪һϡ
̾˵Ըô뿪
Ǵq̽ͷðǸˣ
ܶûгֹ͸˵㣬˵ӹĲ
̫ˡߵм䣬ֻſԴײ˿һ£ŷֻСֻһ㣬á̡ˡ
Եñأζ˵ʲô
ǹⶺԺҿ۸ˡ
˭۸˭һ

ƼһС˵ررַwww.677txt.com
ÿ£ϲȥ
