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΢ʱոͷߡ
ϵͳ
ͬ鱳
˾ѹե
°ͨͨ졣
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ϵͳ˫ֺʮ
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ݱǩ ռ ռ ĩ ϵͳ  ˬ
ӽ΢ʱлл
һ仰飺ͻԽԽǿ
⣺



1 ﹷʲô
Ҿãκɱҡ
΢ʱ˴֣˲˰ϱۣ˫Ư۾źƽųӺܲһʮ뵡
һССľԱϢңԭڷеѾȡůĲѣԱǼʱҵܴ·ů
СڻѱӣеĶ䣬ӡ
һѣŻصɣȻ˵ƽʱЩڻɱ˰ɣ
СܿСȺĻԾţҲߵӣ΢ʱǰѳźذףû˵ȥȻⲻӦóĶ
΢ʱذףźԼԭǽȻͬİ˫˳˼
ϴģ˯ǰִ򿪵һֶûסĩС˵
С˵ĩ٣ѩɽٲ԰̰Ž˾ĳɽ·ɲɵǣͷûлµڻҾȻͬͬգرС˵һ۾һվ͵ﴩڻҡ
ûж࿴һЩ΢ʱʧҲˡ
ΪʱԭյĲʡ£νС֧֮Ҫɱԭﱾ۵Ĵڡ
űѾˣϵ磬еʳҲˣξ뵽ɱˣǽʡɸ
ѡԭҲΪԸСǡҲͷ
׼ֵʱ΢ʱ˹
յԺͻȻۣĿΣ׵ŵıͷܣûüϣͳ˷š
΢ʱֿıܣ֮˹ȥپһĻˡ
˳Ĭţ΢ʱһϵͳظһ񣺡ãϵͳ߳Ϊ񣬻ʵѾֻҪѭ飬ܻתһ磬ܹ㹻Ϳ»صʵ硣
ʵϸմ΢ʱˣѵʱûմ
ƽʱһ㣬Ѿϵͳ˵ת¸ˡ
˯һԭĸ漣ˣ΢ʱԴҲ˲ͷϵͳе©
ûпڣֱѯԺеϵͳΪʲôԼģһʲôģ
ϵͳĬˣſڣ΢ʱĻеһ˿ҧгݣãϵͳУãһһ
΢ʱüëһôϵͳԼϷⲻһͨ𣬳ʲôݡ
ͬʱҲȷһ£ƺϵͳ޷ѣȻҲЩϵͳĻˡ
ƺ֪΢ʱʲôϵͳڽͣصܹУϵͳ֧ɱ޹
ƺϵͳĲЭ飬΢ʱǰһ˵̳ǣйܶʾδи100˿̽Ȼû
ϵͳ˵ƺɱʲôҲ㣬ĩǵжͳдҲ˹
ܼУǾͺðˡ
΢ʱֻһ룬ûһһʹ˽
ƾɵë£ԵСǴ˸¡
һ˴Ž˽ĺͱԹ
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СϽӻﶶͳֻܿ˸սΡ
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Ѿ˾¶ȼޣ˳һķֻڷȡůԭʳ⼸ˡ
쵼ΪʡǮôƵطŽ˵Ҫ¹ҹ´ѩɽʱǼûдٲ԰ȥҲûµȥ԰ߵľƵꡣ
һֱתվ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ǿȹġ
ԭʳķʡʡҲԹԭ
칫˾˳΢ʱһչСȥˣ˫ֿտյĻȻһ
ٲ԰һЩʩǴ̵Ӻ͸ߴľС١
ûгߵһߵĳȥ
ĻѩѾһôˣǴ粽С
ȫ֪Ѿһӣϵ磬˵ӵİȫ
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һ߸ˣߵСĹϵ
ԭе֪΢ʱ˵ʱ˺𾪣ڶĸˣһΣһСʵϰΪ˺ܱ֣ɱСķӦҵģΪ˵ڶ׵ˡ
һк鳤һ΢ʱͬʱ˾ͬС
˶εĶвֹΪ˰ס
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ԭԸʵڹѴʳ޳ָˣϵСȥˣȰΪԼ룬΢ʱͷΨΨŵŵָ˵㶫
̾û˼£ԸţҲռˡ
۸ɻԭ֮ͬ以ﻥŬĳ̽ѩ﷢ճΪǵĿ
΢ʱȫ෴ˣϲܣҲ˸ܡ
ԭأûһȵλó
ŵǰվһᣬεԶһλá
¶еĺͰЦݣֻͷϰһ֪﷭˿ԭ̵ʮֵĻ
Сΰǻжٴ
΢ʱܶģװ·Ͱɱˡ
û˿ı飺˼ΣѾûԵˡ
εɫһ䣬άֲסЦݣЩеʵ˵аʳʲôʱģ
΢ʱ¶һ΢ЦΣ㲻˵𣿡
ʱԭʳռ˺һƬռ䣬Ͼв֮ɫָԭΪʲôҪôռôĿռ䡣
˵ģ˵˷ѣ԰ʱҸطԣЩ鷳
ԭûһ㶫鷳ȴԸͣ
ôһЩеĿͨѶˣԮ֪ʲôʱŵС֪֮ǰ˵˵㣬ҲӦŶѽζΪãôܲһ
΢ʱվεੲݣԽ˵Խֱ׳ԱߵɫЩÿ
΢ʱǰһץЬףߵεǰ
ӲƤЬǰשݺݵĳεϡ
ûüӦɶݱţϵ۾ڵ룬صſ˵ϣһʱţ˶ĿɿڴĿ΢ʱ
л˵
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2 û
֣Ǳ֣οҸûֿ԰ɣϵ飬ΪҲ֪𣿡
ԱȷӦк͵վָ΢ʱĭɣ΢ʱ㲻㿴ڸʲôȾ쵽͵űɣ
СǼæȥΣʣû
΢ʱĿת˵кɫ䣺ûźž첻ˣɱң⣬Լ˵ǲġ
΢ʱŵ˶ּĸоȴƽʱȫһˡ
ѱУԱߵС÷ڵ¶ȶ½ˡ
αһЬ״ˣز
ǳĬԵСվվ΢ʱߡ
СҲվ˺һγһεǽҲûǰء
΢ʱǰǸطùȻ˵ԵһЩҲûʲôΥ顣
ֻ˼һᣬ˾˴ȥһʼɱЩ
ʹϵͳɱ⼸ҲֵûаαմĲ̤ʵ
ԱϢҵķǳȥˣûйȫģ΢ʱҲᡣ
ڸһᣬǵȥ
кǰ˵ʲôĵոŵ˲
ƽϰߵˣܻػãСһۣ²ʡγȥˡ
Ÿ֨һˣһĤĦ֮࣬󷿼ھֻʣĸˡ
Щŵ΢ʱ˿Сû°ɣԭǸ˵Ķ㶯ˣ
΢ʱҡҡͷͷ˳ֵݹһӡ
û£۾һˡ
ֹһȷûºŷģɫҲˣ΢ʱոֻǱסˣ䷿ĶǼŪģһ£Ȼعζܿͻġ
ڵȻûʶһ㣬龪һ֮󣬻˱л롣
΢ʱҲܸʲôϢΪĻֻǿСӵĿֻš
ԼһͰ棬ԭ⼸ҲǿԼȫ˱ˣ֪ôɵԸ
΢ʱԺȫû֮ǰļ䣬·ֻһê㣬עꡣ
΢ʱţ棬һѼȣԭ⼸Ϊһٱ
ϴһ£΢ʱʼѲϢңķϢһװ˷š
ɢųɶѵ϶ǸʽƷһЩƣȼϡ
СڷڴЩʵν㣬ʲôǽʱ򲻶ûʲôԵġ
΢ʱӦŶҿûʲôܹůĶ
˵꣬ͿһѾӣֽһ´һ䣬֪˭µġ
΢ʱţССĶУǳռġ
ıůЧʮֵĲƮƮģһԴ¶˲ˡ
΢ʱ¶һЦݣЩůֽ˺Ĵϡ
ǰʵС𣿡
΢ʱ˵ͷûж˵ķָ㡣
˶ϣСҲ˹׼ʣµģһ䱣ֽܿùˡ
Сڴϣ䲻˶żֻʣ˺ֻС۳ıֽȫȫ
ֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿˣСһţ΢ʱûп̺ôͽԼ·֯ı档
ڵĲž죬Դֽ±˱ֻ¶һ˫۾ӵζţ΢ʱӦһᣬŸоԼһ㡣
СûҪֵ˼ֻйĻصԼĴλĴ΢ʱǹŪƵĽů̵ֽž졣
΢ʱûдʼĵϸڣһʼѩ԰ʱҵһϢңһĳ籦װֻһֱеģ籦ҲС𱣹ܡ
ʵһ˲ֻ֪ҪȥˣźˣֻôѩҲû뵽ȥİ취
˵Ǹڵűȣ0֡
΢ʱĿⶢĻ棬ЩоԼļƺЩģ
֮ǰԭĳдô벻ˣֻһŵӡ
ƺǱͬɱģʧˣӦǶԭеĽ˰ɣ
ȻһֿܣϵֻǿθˣĿ飬û١
΢ʱҪϵͳǱŪĳ嶯ˡ
֪̳֮ܲܿ鲻ʲôָ
ܲĽָûʲôõϵͳɣ
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˼ֵϵͳ
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ȻҲûйŶԷϵͳļΪ΢ʱһ콫޾⣺˹ϡ
ϵͳ
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ϵͳT~T
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ƤЩأ÷û˯ţȲ
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ҹˣ΢ʱڻذ˯ˡ
죬ѩ񣬷ںģֻʣ¼Ļ滹š
΢ʱоԼǱѵģǱƺ˽һŽԼıô涼治ȡ
ûжĶˣӵĽŻЩһЩ֪
΢ʱû֮ǰûоϺĶ죬۾˸˲ͷߵذס
һӰŵ˴ƺе䣬˻˻Ĺܴߵʱ򣬿Ʋסһ
С˯ļˣŴվڰУǰ˱˯
΢ʱŵıůֽڻиۣͷóһϢߵ΢ʱĴߡ
θĻȥ˳ָһ΢ʱǱõĸɴ
ǲ֪ҪôôʹĴӦˣ˵ĵҲڴʳܹһ㡣
Ͼʵûʲôͺ΢ʱһֱ쿴΢ʱȫ˸ӡ
СеĲͿֻŵ˼㣬һԭҪˣΪѹĶ󣬾ûҲĵǣ˿񶼱Ľ
΢ʱʧˣôùģˣΪ˸еʮֵĻ̿֡
˵߼Ǻ֣֪ԼΪʲôŤηŽԼ߲˻ͷ·ˡ
С΢ʱĴȥﲻֻͣԼţƺΪ˰οԼһ£һ¾ͺ˺ٺ١



3 Ǻڳ
𣿡
СһͬʱоһҵʹΪԼĻþ
ͷһǱذ״˿ѾĶ
Ѫ·뵿ܿ͵δδڵһƬ
Ǹһ飺ɱ𣿡
С̧ͷһ˫ӣ΢ʱϹһ˿ƽº͵Цݾô
СһŶӺˣ˯˱ļѣ׷鿴ʲô
ôˣôˣ
СŶ̱ںܴϣָ΢ʱΪʲôҪͱң΢ʱ𣡡
ԣ˯һ˲ˣ׷׿΢ʱ
ֻڴûжСȴǿܴߣŸֱ߲ѪһѪ
㷢ʣС˵Сͱ㣬û𴲣ôͱ㣿
Сȴûֹͣ΢ʱ±ֽϸϸ
һʼΪʲôļƺͬ鱳ԭҲܳΪͬɣ
ԭľ⣬ûʲôвСԭɥס
Сûб⣬ֻǿԽԽŬԼĸܵ巢䣬ֽҲʼ飬ƤܿƵҪϣȾңǾȾҡ
û˻ӦĺȣϵɫӣԥŵҪҪǰ
ܿ죬Ҳûʱ˼ˣСʧѪˣ֪᲻
ǾԲܸ˹һҵģԵĿѾʧˣ˺ģӱϡ
ôߵһˣҳŽôֳˡ
ӲСΪʲôҪôڱ˵Ĵߣַ˵һң챻֧ҲĵģԤıأ
ֵµ廹ȣ΢ʱ´˰ֻ֣һСվԭء
ûд¼зӦһձҵְ˵һ¸˲С𵴡
СڱеĹˣһ£޵ĺСԲ΢ʱԲ㲻ҪϳȥֻһʱˣҲǡ
Ļû˵꣬ͱ΢ʱسˣվԱߣܸо仯ܴ
һ˾飬Ҳġ
ǶԻСһ㶼ͬ鲻ɱ΢ʱɱǡ
΢ʱֻǷҲûиϾɱǲһĸá
΢ʱӰӣߵСĴߣͷĹĵģ΢ʱɫ׵ıԵͷƿˡ
ֻѼȣһѼٶ࣬鷽
ԭƺûиЩɣƽʱԶʱǵ΢ʱȡʳ
֪Щʲôʱ͵ģЩڸոûиСơ
ʵûͬģıвô֪ôġ
ЩڵҲ¼Ϣֻ˯˯ž˵ˡ
Ŀ𽥴СƺֹסѪſȥ⼸ӵţβûдƾôŶ޶ԡ
΢ʱڴϣĿ±۾ǰҹ˯ˣû˯š
Ҳ֪˶ãԺкȻϵͳĲϲܵ100ֵΪϵͳִѷա
΢ʱļҪɤۣϵͳ֮ǰ˵Сˡ
˲ͷƤĸоӦõġ
΢ʱûҪϣһ֡
֮΢ʱһ´ϵͳ塣
ϵͳİʮֵļ򵥣ϢĸϢ
΢ʱ
䣺23
ֵ100
֣1ֵ100=1֣
ֵ100
ѷա
΢ʱȡһӲӵĺЧʾ
̳ѿ
ʼ*1ɿ
΢ʱ㿪ʼܣһͼ꣬΢ʱоЩ죬ǳƳǱȳеƳӵĴһЩ
ķģһȫ⣬滹һ
΢ʱЩźͷԣʲô
ȥעͣƳÿˢƷñ档
Ա߻һһ׵Ĵռ䡣
΢ʱǰһƳˢ³ʲô֪ⴢռдˣҲõʳŵˡ
Ľָ˵ٲӦôùŶԡ
ˢµƷйأ΢ʱˢ³һö
һտҲ̳ǣʾ0Ҫٴһֵܿ
ĿǰЩ飬ٲ԰ڣֻҪʳǰȫġ
Էĺú˯΢ʱ˷׼ڵȻûʲôвǽذײ˲ͷԱߡ
ֻҪһз紵ݶͳ֡
һҹߣڵζǺܺţ΢ʱһЩԵģʣµĶŽ˿ռ档
֮һֱûгȥ֮ǰҲ˳ȥ˵ѰʣǶһ
·ڴһᣬ󷹵ʱ䣬ȴƳƳϰ˵Żˢµġ
΢ʱ㿪ǸССͼͿɫƳﾲƷ
ʮֵĿͨ΢ʱĴ˴֡

һ㽶ţ350ml*24
ʯɽ޷һ
ʳ108g*48
΢ʱ
̣ʲôƷƳ
΢ʱҸᣬƳֱ裬ȥôġ
ⲻһ»ţһµĹ
ס֣Ӵվ˴кͳˡ
Ĵ˷ţ澲ĵûһ
ߵĻѩǰˣͷչ͸ҵ˽
ûпСʬ壬ſֻһѪۣźۼߣѪԽԽϡƺߵģѪһϢҵſڳʧˡ
洫һζĤ赲ҲƲסıǻ
иëȻ뷨òЩ˶ĲаСԵ˰ɣ
뷨ܿѿһʰ΢ʱϽԶ䣬ͷƤ飬Ҳܿ죬ƲסĸŻ£ܿƽ
С󲻹ٴ飬ܹܿĵŵ㡣
ĿѸѰܹõԴ
ܿ죬Ⱦͷһ䱻һ䡣
΢ʱƿŵţһɳ¾ɵϢ
߲ǽƤڳĸϣһĻң԰ֲˣ΢ʱǰӣûдһƣӦûռģȽԡ
ѩ֮󣬹⿿ûа취ˣЩӿѩ֮Ķѩһ㻬ȥ
뷨֮΢ʱżĶӿ첽߻˷䡣
صǹڱǻζŵһЩϢڸǡ
ӣСɫƵĻʵôˣ
΢ʱˣǾԼĲˣǵþ뿪ˣǺڳˡ



4 
ԡˣС˵Щˡ
ɴ۾΢ʱ˵Ļ
غţԱϢҵŻͦʵ
û΢ʱѹĵ͵͵ģԭһʮֹ޹˵ĻԾŷ
Żһ³ؿڣҾ˵ոǹζģϾҲûʲôʳ
û˵ȥ֪
СЩСͷˣô죿ôȥȥ濴ˣ·߲ͨУҪһֱô棬˷ǵö˲ɡ
΢ʱոշԱߵߣ߰ɣ壬ѩһȻȥ˵Ƶ棬Ǳ߾ͺðˡ
ʵ΢ʱûھƵĴ㣬ֻǰǱߵŵ㡣
һ׻ѩɽװȥȫһġ
յ³ǶǶٻһĽ־ǱԵˡ
ȻҲ֪ŷԱߵԾԾԡ
ν㣬ҵģҺȥɡ
Сʮϵ˵ܲ˳Ǯֳɡ
˵ͷҲʾͬôǰΨΨŵŵСαеˣҲĽ顣
ʵ˶΢ʱı仯Ҳ⣬شʵʱԸ仯Ĵһģ˶Ĺˣ˵ж
΢ʱָ˷Сĵ㣬ʱڣһ˴ǲˡ
ץʱ䣬ܹѩǰеĹߣȻЩ
֮ǰɵ΢ʱе˶ҳԣɾͲһˡ
Сжǿ˻ӵҲ˹ҵ˼˫ԭԱҵѥӡ
΢ʱһʱ뵽壬ǲϲûʲôˮҲûдƬİģֻдִֵӡ
΢ʱСʱֹҪĶ޴ֵġ
ǽƿȡһڳ˵ڻϿˮڻů£ӱž졣
ʱҲȫȻȼ˵ڰ׸
Ⱦ΢΢Ӳ΢ʱŽȡ˲ȣõǰǿгԲ״һƬ񻬰Ҳˡ
΢ʱ˿ףȥǾЩա
ȡֿ˿ӣӲĲӲ֮󣬲
Ҳͣ±¡
ֽŶǴɵϡ
΢ʱѾˣʣѩ̣ĿͶܴѼ֧ŲպÿΪѩ̣ɷ㡣
һ׼׵Ļѩװþˣֻּ񻬰ûִѩĹ̶УѿٶȺͷɽ·ǳΣա
΢ʱһˤף׼棬ϥǺͻϥҲŷˡ
һʧֻʵûʲôѩľ飬ֻȥڵƽԲ㻬
СԴ˶ǲģÿٺͺٶڱıѩȹġ
˱ůǷȱһ㣬ûɶ⡣
ʰ׼ߣ·ȫϣĶͱ˸
һͳ
΢ʱڴϣ˼ôСƳ·ó
ѩȫܣģʱ򼸺ˡ
жˣǹĺ仹ֵס
˶Ļڴ˿̳ˣ΢ʱ˼ţǲǵҸᣬ˷ֿ
һ˵Ƶٰ꣬·
ֻһһˣ뵽ʼʳ
±Ѽ*4Ƥצ*12ԭԶ˵㣩ɽ*21Lװ*6ĩĹ*10˿*2*2С*1Ұ*14ζ480g*1Ž*3ݽצ*4쵺*10
ͣͣͣôЩ˳˻ôʳ
ò˵ԭǸѾͷȫҪ΢ʱˡ
Сʱ򼸺ʲôʳ΢ʱ㻨ǮҲٵĿǰûеĳԣ˰֮ûпԼˣ׬ǵǮԵˡ
΢ʱЩСƳˢµĺóԵģ۾׼˯ڴĵ
ҹһϸϸ˯гˣԭڴ˵ҹС˿˯˲棬ȫʧȥʶ
ſڴĤĦŲûбĶ
˺࣬΢ʱ·ưСѣСµۣȫʲô
΢ʱһݺݵһţСʹĽгͬʱҲˡ
ĦȻֹ˴Ӵ㼱ææ·һµСզ˯ˣҵ졣
СǺЩ̧ͷǰľڽһɾ˯ˡ
СݺݳԼƣ˵ŶԲ
΢ʱĿһۣüë
Ȼκʱ򶼲ָΪһֱž裬ûԼ˯̫
΢ʱյűߣԱϢûʲôèֻۣܽϣĶ
沢ûʲô߶΢ʱͷ˿ͷûбƻĺۼһ
ʱѾʼ˶֣Ҫˡ
΢ʱɻشϣŲһӿϣǶ΢΢бֻҪһжӾͻɢ䣬
ȴû˯˼һֱ۵
һ磬˾˶΢ʱԡ
оҹ˯Ĳһֱȶ񣬷ڵ¶ʮֵʡ
һˬ΢ʱտȴѩˮ򵥵ϴһ£Χ¯߳档
˶ŴĺȦȻû˯ãθڲ̫á
΢ʱ˶ԵĺҪţǿԼȥ
еĶ˰һţվſڿʼװ
΢ʱṦ򣬰ϢյĶĬĬͽ˿ռ档
仹һЩûпƷȫЦˣˮûŹ
ֱŰ֡
΢ʱ˵ɽ㣬ֶһЩ·װΣ֣޷ʵûа취óˣֻܵ·Ͽûʲôֿʱϡ
˶ѲһȦΪû̫Ĺעȷһ飬ִݾֽ·ͼųš
СŵĴ򿪷ţĤ΢΢ʱһܽܵķΧ֮ڡ
˵״̬Ҳ׷״ӷ˳
һžͿϾɵվˣǹֵŨңеȳζ֪ǴĴġ
ӷ׵վڲԶֱĿǡ
α׵ûȥһֻֻзſˣЦеĿ˵Ҫȥİôһ𣿡
˿棬ȫûмĸо
С˵ǰ棬Ÿֹܣʲô˵ģÿ
кЦһ΢ʱϵװǿһŶӣǣɱ˵飬ǿԱܣôһ°ɣ
ʶĽĿͶ΢ʱֻͳǱذףһº͵Цݣҳȫ㡣
л˵
----------------------



5 ɣ
ǳ˳飬ȴûһǰݰСܴһ㣬ʹ
ĵӣ͸Ӳǰˡ
κ͵кԼͬĺһʣСվǰ档
СŤͷһۣһĲš
΢ʱߵǰŵǰɡ
˵žҪͱȥСæһһŭݿ΢ʱ
ƽʱû˵ʲôһˣŭսʤxxxx΢ʱЦһ͵سǰһ
˸ոҪɫ䣬ˢˢˡ
鷳ʱ֪ҵĶľҲ֪Ż˭
΢ʱӵͬʱҲûţѩ̽ǰ˱ƵĽڽڰˡ
Ϊҳ˵ʲôɫû뵽ôˣ˱Щ£˺м֮ڽڰ֮ԽսԽ¡
ǻָԮȲѣǲƴһġ
οʳԴ͸ӵİõĴˣŲƴ
˸ϻط֮վڣ΢ʱо
ߵʱҲûǰѷˣǵķѾʼðˣʱոպá
΢ʱк˶ѸٵĴϻѩ塣
򿪴ŵһ˲䣬һ飬ߵСǶ¸ͣ
ӴΪոأˡ
΢ʱĽ׼õͷҲˣʵӦ֮͸оҲá
ϻûʲôж硣
ſڵĻѩЩӲʲô״̬Ƿǳʺϻѩġ
էһ΢ʱЩϰߣߴ̵ֻۡ
һӴſڵбϴʵѩһڳŵ㡣
һľ׮Ǽǰʱ̶õģǳš
ڵʡ˲ٵ鷳
΢ʱһȥб£һͿһƬããĴء
Ĵ͹ɽڣܱϷ򣬺ڰٲ԰ĵƸߵͷֻҪ˳ŻȥͲʲô⡣
ڼѵ΢ʱͷһǾסСݱѩ˴룬ĻѩǰɨģԲǺܶࡣ
渽һƬҵĽŲֻԶͿ̫ˣ֪Щ߹Զ
΢ʱλǰɽֻʮӣ̫Զ
һ˳ĻܿȥˣǸֻСĵȽϺá
ǰţԾͻչˣоˣϾѩһᶼǶĿ顣
ȷǰͳ΢ʱǰѩһڡಡһѩһӡӣ˵Ӱ˲Զˡ
΢ʱûߣӰԶ֮Žϵıȡ£ӿռȡǼ޷ϣһ˲䣬͸оûôˣ嶼ů
΢ʱоʮֵӿռȡϵ裬ȰֽԱߵѩƵǸбȥ
ЩѩûôӲܹεĶһУ峹׵ůˣҲ泩
⼸˼ֱ๼ǸոտԼװˣⲻЧһĹϵˣԲǺù
΢ʱתóѩȲѩСĿеһλѩ
Ҳ̹СѩٶһЩûйϵصҪѧƽԼġ
Ĺ߲УȶҪģ䲻ʹ΢ʱԼƽе֪֮
ֻԼԭһģζ˵㣬ûʲô
ͬʣƽӦҲȥɡ
΢΢ǰ㣬ͣĵƣһԵɽ¡
Ȼûʲô䣬ǽСġ
ǰѾС㣬˵Ļٶʮ֮죬΢ʱЩĽǵĺƫƫܡ
ĺܿ٣ˤ˼֮˻ѩҪ졣
ȻûȥĻѩʱ˿̣ôΡ
;ķ羰Ҳʱ·֣ЩӶ˰أǳɶѵĻѩЩ¶һƬҶЩʲôˡ
΢ʱһѼ˶о鶼泩ˡ
ڴͬʱԱϢתվڷﴦСʬ塣
ǿݵͷ­˶˲棬·Ϳڶ壬ˡ
˳⣬׺ľ
ʵʰʳǵθ˶Ҳ赲ָо
α׵۾ţܾЩ
Ѿˣ۾û˿׵ļոջһֵŨˮ
ݺݵĿһ۵Ĵ⣬Ա˳Եĸӵˡ
Ƕ˼һ㣬ܲ˵Ľ
ںܿӿһỤ̃˸оЩ۾ͷһۣ˲гʲôǾԮ𣿡
Ṵ̃ѷڵѬǺȲֹкȷӦѸٴ˷ţ̹Ϯ
С͵Ĺ˷ţģŻˣ
кЩĿʼզ찡Ҫǳȥɣȿȡȿȿȿȿȿȡ
һҵĿֻĶԻСһѰסҪŵ֣ȰУȥǻĸģ
˵˵ȿȿô죡
ȸʪëɣðѿڱס˲ܳȥ
ǰ۲ݣȴͣĶ̵˫ֱĶǾ߷Աߣûô֫ʬϡ
һĸоϮͷͻȻ볢ζ⣬ǣһζ
֨֨
֪ʲôʱڵĿСһЩ˵ǱһëȻľ׽ˡ
˾ֵĿԭڵλãǱ߿һˡ
ڿУ˽
ԭεǶһǣˮģճ˿١
ɫ壬ںڰзĹ⣬ԭͷֵҲ쳣ӴƤǾ˹۷žһ߳һ֬
Сûüĸ˺ʹȷĿʳѪɡ
кҪУȴվԱߵСס죬ĶһۣĬķɿ쳯ſȥ
ľ׽תʱ˲ʧˣȴα·ǵĶ˵һ㣺Ҫȥİ˵Ż˲ܳȥ𣿡
˺ѷεѩµ֮Ҳûκεˡ
΢ʱʱѾɽ£СʱĿĿİߵ˰ٲ԰ڡ
ٳȥ߸ףӦþܿƵڵλˡ
ʣһſ԰·ͼӦСµġ
ӦһˣĵƱȽƽ̹΢ʱѩ壬֮ǰѥ˽ϣƵڵķȥ



6 ѵԪ
΢ʱǵãͼϰٲ԰ſһƬأƵλҲۡ
һʳ֣иัʳƷͳС
ѩ˴粽Уз޷ģӦö̫׳ɣ
Ҫȥ0ԪһЩȥƵҲ٣
ôţ΢ʱԱһ·򣬾ͳǱȥ
ǰããһƬѩеƽأûãͿʳֵſڣ߸ߵĹűѩǣ󲿷ֵĵ̶ֻ¶һ⣬ȫѩˡ
ѰʵѶ̫΢ʱƹűߣ㿴˲ߵ¥
һ֣ǸʳƷꡣ
һֵ꣬¥ϾǵϢط
Ϊ˷ֹͻɴ˸ͳС
Щ̵ڻѩĸ߶ȣֿɵõĵطˡ
ѩ̶ˡ
˼ңŶסġ
̫ˣѩʱ򣬵ڵ˹ߵҲǺִܲ٣ٻǰŹ˵ġ
ĩЩԪЩʵʣֲǿʼڳУô¡
΢ʱ٣ȻͷûйߣһһҵĹȥˣپҪУּ©֮㡣
һũƷ̵꣬װ轺ҰɽΣٳźۡ
ڿſڵѩ˳Ļ˽ȥŹЩİװƲˣװռˡ
غõĶڿռҲʣͦôġ
ЩһõĶҲûҵĶó
һС͵ıҲŴţ΢ʱȥϵĶɨһ飬õĻˣеĶˣڱʵ⡣
ⷿűˣҲûټö
Щܰѿռ΢ʱҲ̰࣬˵ûʲôǣתƵȥ
Ƶ¥ܸߣڰããѩԶһۿ
Խ߽ǱߵĽԽ¥̫࣬ûпƫԶĳǽ
Ƶ긽Ȧˡ
΢ʱһԱߣϵ޷϶ܴȥˣ˲֪ҲᱻСġ
΢ʱ޷϶ʱһɺϮɿĳƵȥ
ɽµĻѩ֪ΪʲôɽҪ࣬ƵĻѩ͵¥ˣ΢ʱ߽˷֣ĽӡѶ¥ǰѩضȥһ飬Ӧв
ߵˣ΢ʱ첽ǰµĻѩȵĸ֨졣
ߵĽ˾㼤ǻһأӦúܿ͵ˣ
Ȼһˣ΢ʱѩýյĴ洫˵
СΣСΣԾ鷳
˶̽Դüëͽë϶˪ѩȻŵﲻá
滹һʵŮˣͷ΢ʱȷΧûб֮󣬳֡
΢ʱѩȱڱ棬ס˵֣ǽϵȥ
һƵ꣬͸оܶˣȻûůͶ١
ٷûйϣ˺͸顣
Ƶ̺ӣ΢ʱĽŶЩӲġ
ļ϶ЦݣԱߵԾžƵĶƷʱʱţҲĲ塣
ǸϽȥɣ̫ͣˣǶ漯ȡůˡ
Сû°ɣ·ϻ𣿡
΢ʱ˵ͷ֮ǰȥԪ ԣǻʱˤ˼˵㡣
˵ͷʾ⣺СأСӵùʱˤˣһĲУ͸Ͻ͵ȥˡ
΢ʱʱСûɲסˣѾİ֮Ȼûʲô󰭣СʧµһҵƵȥȡůˣ
Ƶһ㣬ڳͣ磬ƵĴԴѾ꣬ڶǸ֮ǰһղȡů
ʳﵹǻ㡣
һ·ͨȥľӣȡůˣȻ˵ǾƵĲƲ죬ǰЩҪˡ
ƵסͣԾֵԱˣǶⳡϺѩھƵʱȥ
˵Ĵѩ֮󣬾Ҳûнʲôˡ
Щ˻ˣЩģ֪ôġ
΢ʱĻЩ谵ֻдþ˴к˶ڻѱûж
СԱ߷Ŷ˶ȥˣô˵ʶ
һȡůɳģĶ౻˳ȥͨ磬ůֺã֮ǰ΢ʱɽϵʱҪϲ١
˶˵̣һ˫˫۾עǽȻʧƿߡ
˵ʵչʱ˶˻ˣΪľԮӿƵ¥̨SOS˹Ԯˡ
ȵ߽˲ŷѵοͣվֳ
΢ʱ˴֣һ쿪ȣԾǸʮŮˣǳչˣޱһůͻİס΢ʱ
̾һʵ֮ǰҲûͣһжδ֪ģԼһ˲аȫУҲʧȥŬķ
Ȼ˵ڵĴ󲿷Ѷ˴ģڴ󲿶ӵڻ£ܺù
һз紵ݶܡ
΢ʱԾ¶һºЦݣһ˫˵۾Цˮ̶еһ£ģ˲Ծ
ллԾˡ
ԾҲЩ
⼸죬λˡ
һʼƵǱְļأƵڵסԽԽ꣬ʲôͷ
ֻһԱѣȫûŭ
žƵķԱְҲˣЩȷĴүôͳͳɡ
֮ͬҲ鲻ϣ˶ѹեʱסѹ
һ˳԰ο͸оһˡ
Ծ΢ʱֿ۾һίĵ
ЩæתŬƽԼ
ŲԾߣ˵Ͳ󣬶ְˣԷĲס
㻹ðɣ㡣
һ鶳İӲɿƵʳ㣬Ҳʳˡ
˽һϢֹ
ԾԽ˵Խߣ⼸ûٸܡ
΢ʱ֮ĶԻ˽⵽ƵҲûźţ溮˵ߣû磬źҲжˡ
ԶԶҪغܶࡣ
΢ʱĬĬĲ䣬ֹأ綼ˡ
ѾڼƻôˣھƵҲһð취
ǵⱾи¶ǲһģȻص򣬵Ҳˣþů͵ĵط߲Ѱһ
˼ʱԭ㰲ķﴫһôˣ裡
л˵
----------------------



7 ֵһ
Ů˵Ŀ޺˲˵ע⡣
һкڻԣֵӡ
кôжвѣкİְԱ޴ܵ治֪ʲôȥˡ
ûҽûҽԾȾк
Χ˾⼸ļ尾е鶼䵭죬мǰ鿴
ոջڸ㱧ԹԾϢѸȥ鿴к
ò˵ǸӲˣȻҲô¼ظλˡ
΢ʱϵıӣĶǸкСкƺֻа˾۵յͨ졣
ӦǷȣģ˵Ҳ⡣
Ҫûа취ȥΡ
Ծǰ鿴кľڲԶ۲к
Ůʿ֮ǰӵҩ𣿡
ͮıס˻к˵ͷԹˣ֮ǰˣС˯ˣҸոŽԵôвѣŷַˣԾҸô죬ҩҲιȥ
Сǽʱ˵ģͮſǺ˯ʱˣʾƵҪ˵ҩƷ֮ˡ
ڲСʱӾյĲʡˣСʱǰӵͷûٷˡ
ͮĲУΧ˽ԭί˸ףȻ
һʼͣյò˵ʱ򣬾Ƶ˶ȡůˡ
ͳʱѯʹûҽģȷʵûУԾһΪѵӣֻԱߵıСĶͷϡ
ͮӵ죬ҩƬȥֹˮƺѾɥʧʵոչȥִ˳
ͮƲסĴޣΧȥæĶȥˣʱ˭ҲгϾӳˣ˶λĸ㹻¡
ԾæҵĳŸְ취ƵҩƷǻҩ²ںСҲûĴ취ֻվԱ߸żҪһ߰οͮ
ոճȥĺӰˣһͰոմıĴӣƲסĴ硣
һ߻һ߰Ͱ£ڻ԰Ͱĺӱ˹ֶļʧȥֻ֪ܽӲźӣʮּеĿ˵Сͮѩ£ֽˣûа취ˡ
æҵĿʼϺʵ·⿪мĵǰæ
΢ʱСкϺĪֵĸоֱԶһЩ
ʵ磬һᷢʲôӻͦĹȥС˵ʲôֵᷢ
΢ʱȥֱǰԶδ֪ΣջҪġ
˵ЩҪϲأ
˴ϵҲûϹ㿴һۻڵϵС˵ͷ
õģСȥȥ
С˿Сʱˣǻˡ
Ծһ׾Ƶ궬ԱͦʵģϱеĶůͶˡ
Сһµ˵õġ
΢ʱűǰԾ˵Խ㣬ȥһ²㷽һȥ𡣡
Ծ֮ǰǽܸţôһˣڹæ˺ֿܶ࣬һᣬûҪĵطкҲͳȥˡ
ոܾһ㶼ûǰĵģ˵ƵûĹԱˡ
˽˳ȥǿߵųĲͳٹһߵˣڴõԱߣһξġ
;䱻ɴ䣬ͷĽױӣʣҲһ䷿
ʳﶼڷ棬ľһȻıѣ˿õĻỵ
΢ʱ߳ĬĬڼ˵ĺ棬Ծǰ̸ţ˵Скһҵ顣
ʵԭûжҾƵģǺӰٲ԰棬ȥʳֳԵ㶫ǰʱʳֻûߵǾƵ꣬ǡɱѩסˣסġ
ӵĸĸûиѿһֱڴѩͣԽԽ䣬ǾһֱھƵԾȥˣӡ
ٵˡ
Ծ˵Сһʼͳָͣĸȫ簮һʼڳʱ򳳵ĴҶ˯žҪ棬ܵǱ㵷ңȥ˵ͱӵĸĸûɫĽˣӼƽʲô
ֱ캢ӷղͣ˻ᡣ
Ȼ²ֲۣøոպ޵ʱ򣬶ûɶǰæأԭǰ
΢ʱҡҡͷʵЩ˶ԶҲͦãǱ߿Ŷȥæ
¾ͻޣֵĳһԣ˼ǰæһ仰˵͹ˡ
΢ʱҲûҪЩ˳ѣϾܹ˵˱˵ɾ񲡿
ЩҲЩֺԾĺҪ̣Ǻ֮ǰôĥˣȴϸŰæҲ湻ġ
Ծĳ΢ʱ͸ûѵ뷨ˡ
˿ٵĽ˲Ȼ˵ζǺܺţǼڵ£ܹܵġ
ƵѾϺˣһͰװģ뷨ʮֵĲҲЧĸζ
˷ɿĽˣ͵΢ʱˣվסкһû̳ȥߡ
ٵȥڸո·˳ȡ
С㣬ҸѵƷϴ̨ˡ
õġ
ӦԾ˽΢ʱ֤Լס·ߣŲŽԶ롣
ƿţԾµСƣŸոյļƣӦûܺԾſĻᡣ
Զĸ˵ĺ棬ߵ˸ոԾ˵Ĵǰ
ûȡůʡ
΢ʱСĵšŰ֣ڽ˴ûıһĵڻϣ΢ʱȽһºȣռ䣬ԱոµĴ棬Ѿû̫Ŀռˡ
Ծ˵ЩůƷȡã΢ʱҲˣֽռûõȥһЩ˳ȥ
һȥŷ˻վſ˵ţǺԾˣѹš
Сվһ˶΢ʱ˴˸к
΢ʱ˵ͷûȥԣǿ˳ţŲûбؽĴ
ˣˣţС¶Ƚǲǣôоûôˡ
΢ʱſű濴һۣ˻кͮͮĺӷɫ࣬ΧæҲֻصԼλϡ
ڷûелΪҲö˵ʲôֻǻԶԶĿˡ
ֶͮĲУҲʪһ飬ܵĽ
¶һЦݣæȥĴӵСѣСѣоôС壿
еСûжͮϵЦݽˣС֣ĵƲסĲһֻֿš
ӵİְҲ쳣˾ֵĶӣͮŲͣС巢׷ҵ
Χ˲쳣ִǰ鿴΢ʱվ棬˻С˽׵Ƥ͸һճҺ
Χ˶Χȥֻ΢ʱһȾܡ



8 ҪҪòԼ
ļ˲ԵĿ΢ʱһܣ
û£С΢ʱܣжΣⷽ棬΢ʱ
ԾһѣЩ£ʶĸܣϻʣôˣ
΢ʱûд𻰣ӷɿѰܹȥĵطһ϶ǲܴˣ¥˵
ĳڣΧڷԱߵ˿ӵı仯ҲԾ׷˿
ǶΣյʶ񣬵ǿڳ˵Ķ¡
к͵˼£ճҺ˾մճҺּһһ¾ͽĺƿˡ
ͮ𾪵Ŀһ˲סǸ͵ıҪĺӣĴöģûķӦС۾
ĵĶͮſ죬ȴ¶һļ裬Һö裡
Ǻӵȴ쳣ֲ
ˢˢĺһС˲䱩ŵĺܴͮƽһôĿһ˺﾿ʲô졣
һͮԴͮûü΢΢źӵַˣС˱ĲӣǺȹ֭һ㣬ͮѸٵĸɱȥ
Χ˷ļ˶ȿֺ˳ȥ
ӳԵĸףȫɥʧԱ˹ӰûһۣĸȺĺ˳ȥ
˶˸ɾƵĴ
΢ʱǰ棬еԾ˲١
ܿ͵˶¥ңԲպùǲ
ԿҲԾϣ˾δһڵϡ
׷ʲôʲôˣʵ
΢ʱ˵Ҹոպ񿴼ǸӱɹˣôܹһأǿҪըˡ
ȷʵ˺˵ļУĻûлɡ
ԾһոձܣҲûϸ뾿ʲô顣
ڲŷӦǳˣʲôʲôСǲǿˣ
СŰˣ¸ͣ˫۾ƺᣬоһ͵
Ϊһ»ǱŽ̬ȣ˵ʲôŵġ
΢ʱͷһ˫ʮĿġ
ʵ֪ûԼۿʱ򣬺Ѷδ֪¼
˶Сһġ
Ծվüͷšְҵأﻹȥġ
ȻһڲǾƵĿˣǾƵڳ£ʿͲһˡ
ԮˣҲܸõĲ
Уҵȥʲô
Ծߵſڣڵˣһ޳ɵĿӣȻ˵ǾƵľԼİȫҲҪСζ˵ΣˣȱȥˣҪæҲһʱᡣ
˵ţ㻹Ѱ΢ʱͬû뵽΢ʱȴûȰ裺ԣҾ㲻ȥֱӿҸʰɡ
ԣŵĿ
΢ʱſ˵ҲҪ㶫ǲܼȥˡ
¶Ȼı飬еĶͼˣȷʵҪȥ
֮ԭϢһ³ˡ
һžͿиӰ̾ԾСƶˡ
͵˵ı˶ʱŵһ£
զ⡣
ȥˣԷ·ܲܿ
Ծ˻еֵ磬һֵۣ綼ˣ㻹֪ܲʲôô˶ˣ
Ա߻żˣȫֵĿǡ
΢ʱĿɨˣ˾Źȣ״̬
˿ֲԾذס
Ӱٲ԰Ǳߴģõģһֱû뿪֡
ĴüëһšոյĳЩ˸£ƽʱݵ˱ЩͣһڣŮ˶ͻȻɹˣһڰͷҧҧˡ
˵еϿǻˣոֳ˭¡
ĿҲĿѾܲˡ
Ծһ𾪣ƺЩ˵Ļ
뿪ǲǿˣɪɪӣӦûˡ
Լֱֿʵô죿ǲҵԿףܽȥ𣿡
ԷӿڴһԿ׻˻Σվں˶վ׼ӹȥ΢ʱȴԿ˹
һ㶣ϵıһ˿󣺡СʲôǾƵĲƲҡ
΢ʱҡҡͷʵǾ׼ôȥ𣿡
ֱ׳ǰȻ֪жΣǹ˵׼ܿˣȥ𣿡
˵ҲǴĿ΢ʱΧվڹε֧֡
΢ʱڣԿ׸ǿԣҪȥʣҲȥȻԿ׸ǣǰĶҲá
˵ȻûҪȥ˼ЩܾԼǾƵĹ˿ͣʲô鶼ԾˣЩһֱҲġ
ǹٴһۻԼɡ
ԾĴԭʵҲ̫
΢ʱ飬ԾҲֳֺõˣмĿһ΢ʱԹѯʣ˿ûõ˼
ʲô˼ҪԼȥ𣿡
ǾƵô°
õ㶫ѣʲôýģֲûǮ
˵ʵ˶ûгĬվһߣԾֻоʮֵĺ
ڷһʲô鶼ϣҲЩ赭дһʴ
һ˵һ侲˵ԼŰɣǸԿ׸ǣԼĶԼá
˵ɵۣǸոϰ֮ǰ˼άΪʩѹãô˵ķϣһŮܷʲô
û뵽ѹ֮£ԷֱӲˡ
ոջվĬĹ˿˳ԾƿڴԷǲǲˣôԿ˵ǣ㡭
Ļû˵꣬΢ʱһЬ׳ϡ
֮ǰεЬףƤЬͦ˳ֵģصɱ
һЬ˸ĹҲڵˣȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԾҪҪǰۣ΢ʱֵһ˲䣬оԼٶͨˡ
˵ˣҪϰˡ
Ծòǰš
һڵϣ˲ЩӲȫֺõ顣
û˷һѣԱߵԿ׾ˡ
ҲûͣСĵµһ¥Խӽ˾Խ衣
ԾǰȻﻹµĲУɽ˻ֵԶԶһ³ɫ˿Ϸ죬ղһĺӰǱߵƺǱֹ



9 ֮
֪˭ֹŵĺϰߣǰ鿴һȷʵ
΢ʱȴи뷨᲻ĹŹɵĹ᲻Ҳڣ
ǣѾˣ˳ְŸˣ
ֲȻ˺αضһ٣
һһŲΧ䷿䣬ȻɿĿʼʡ
СҪյľͷȥԾǽԵĺƷȥ
΢ʱǶ֣һʼһжЧʵ̫ûеݣ¥ȥ۵ĲС
ʱ˷ûʲôΣҲͷһ취԰Եġ
ڼҲˣ˵ͨĻͷ־æںڰոҲǺõģ˵ͨģǾȫˡ
Լȥɣ΢ʱҶæ͵͵˻ȥ
վڳſڣ֮󣬾͸ӵ˾ÿֲˡ
ֲָ˵ƹյĵطͿ
ֻǹţû΢ʱһšͿˡ
ȷ˳ڵ򣬲Ĺ߻Ǳ氵࣬ûгѾϨˡ
ٽţԶæµ˲ûвʲô
ֵĹɨڳذϣģΪй΢ʱǸо
·һСģڰΣյĶͻסĲӡ
СĵɨߣǽЧķֹֹĿԡ
֪Ų˶ãڼ尾Ļ֮£ǻö꣬΢ʱֵյһڵλá
ֻǱ߱һƬѪԽѪζ﷨Ũء
ΪȵԵʣЩѪûкܿڵճţһѪĤ
΢ʱ޶˵гѼѪڹУҲֻһζʳĶѡ
һڵλΧҵĻҪöˣ˻ҿߡ
ͮ˿Ǳһԭأͷ­֪ȥˣɱʬ嵹ڵϡ
ӴѪƺʳɾˡ
΢ʱĪеѪǹ⣬˸ɾ
Ա߻һγǿҷȻһֻոճԱĹ
ԭҷ׵ƤйЩ͸Ѿ͵ԭ屶ˣһʳ
΢ʱһæֵĹѹѹСǰذףʱŹﱩ
ƺ˯ˣ˵Ϣ
΢ʱصֵ磬ԱߵĻ⣬һ
ȵǱߣ߻һͷЩ֯˿ľС
΢ʱһθȴûиܵʲô־ʵ̫ůˡ
ůĻУǺѸܵΣյġ
һƺҲһ
΢ʱͼѰֻĲӣɱֻǷֵϾҲҲ
ԵĺܱǲΣգ˯ĺ죬΢ʱûзһϿ˿һģţûɱﷴô졣
Ȼͮûзűһģ˵սʮֵǿĹǳ˲ֵܵġ
ڲ֪ʲôԭϢǽõʱ֮滹֪ܴܲ
Խ˼΢ʱԽǾǸʱѰѵ㣬Ȼţһ
ɱɱ˵ĸоǲһģǰֵĶȫûʲôθУֻ̽
΢ʱڲŷ֣ĹϾЩµʱһ㺦µĸоûС
׼ûиĵط΢ʱһʹȥ
Ǹոտذãһȥʱо̽ｺ״ƤеС
΢ʱµһ˲䣬ڵϵĹ˲ˣɴ۾ֻ顱һһ̴һɱȥ
΢ʱ˳Ŀ˹ͷ­ǿıԭӵͷСԴĹȦ˻ѵԱߡ
˫ɴ۾ŵĿƺΪʲô˴󵨡
΢ʱʮʮĻڶЩ飬ڹܺõṩûз̫
õͷ˻棬ͷ­ǻεͷ­ǺԭСһˣͷŨܵë¶ݡ
汻ƣ˷ḻ֬û˲Ǹࡣ
΢ʱһ䣬ͦյģһԱ߸ɱͮһ裬ûа취ϹȥյֻСĵƿˡ
΢ʱԺϵͳϲöֵٽ
ϵͳ˿ãȻıʮֵ⡣
ȻûɱҲֵҪߣͦġ
֮ǰܾûпϵͳˣƳäжûпڵʱ䲻ֻȳȥ궫¥ٿˡ
ֿһ۷ЩѶܹȻϨģҲƵɻ֣֮ȳȥʡĴǷԼˣھƵ¶ˡ
뵽΢ʱæ˳ȥһ·ûע⵽ŷ˶пʼʡ
Ƴʹã˻ͽְ˵ģмܹװЩɢƷ
΢ʱȥɱﵽûгӣû˷쳣СվſڶģȻûЩġ
΢ʱæ˹ȥװʵжٶ
˿Ųɫ˿ָָһѱůޱЩʳﶼѾˣ߰ɣٰһ˾Ͳˡ
˶۵΢ʱľһ㣬ȻոҲȥ͵ˡ
ӣ΢ʱɿĻصڣ˼ü֧Ĵ
ӿͦõģ֮ǰʱҲ˳ռˣûռʲôط滹ԷŶʮֵĲ
ÿ˶ڵһλûǰ΢ʱҲ˸ǺԾԱߡ
оͦõģЩ֮ûҪˣɴʼ֮ǰ·
ڽһһ߲鿴ϵͳϢ
ɱһֻֵ200̳Ҳʱˣ198
ɱʮֻ2΢ʱ˿Ҳãƽʱôס
̳ĶûˢҪУСƳһĹ̶ˢ¡
΢ʱЩĵ㿪СƳʾƷС
Ʒֱǣ
1L*1
ɿ*1
ͥװһף*1*1*1һ˫*1
΢ʱЩʧջû࣬˹䳬ĶжҲоͺܺ ܿ͵飬͵͵һţѹѹ
̵ζﻯ΢ʱ̧ͷ۲Χˣ˶ƣҲûȻ㾫ӡ
ķΧȰٲ԰Ǳߺö٣Բܾãþ΢ʱոշµսȭͷոϢһᣬڲò¿ʼƻˡ



10 
΢ʱ͵͵ƿ㽶ţ̣Ż谵Ļ⣬İֽǶˣۼ
ʵеĶϲţûóԹԵĶǾƵʳżҲв Ĳеʱֻ͵͵ĳԡ
ʳζ󣬽ŴҶڳԵʱ򣬳Եˡ
΢ʱߵʱ򣬰ѻеĳ籦ҲˣֻܿҲάֵĺܺãֻҪŽռ䣬Ͳʲôġ
򿪵ͼ˿ûĵͼֻԭȼع
ԭһ·ģȻдӼҵʾ
΢ʱһͷǻԭļң˿ͼ
Ž·ʵ̫Զˣ˵ͼˣǱ˸ţһĴͳģֱˡ
߻ȥ군ǵð߶ϡ
һ￪ͷдһļ˵ǾԵġ
߳ѩأµˡ
ǲ֪Ƭѩ򸲸ǵķΧжŽĵطԭϼңȥӦǸѡ
΢ʱ˷Ѹٿʼ滮Ҫ顣
ĿͽĻѩϣƬĦѾЩĥ
⿿װҪ߳ƬѩȻǲܵġ
ҪĿȲ鿴⸽ûʲôѩ߻ѩƷ꣬0ԪһЩѩߣ׼һЩʡ
ξȷͼϵн·ˣȷŵ㣬׼·ҪõĺĲģǸ󹤳̡
΢ʱԼǲЩĹеģĿͶڲԶ̸Ծˡ
֪ԸԸԼһߣ˶Ҳ˶ĺôٳ¿ԻӦ
ദо⼸˶ͦģΣյʱ򣬻Ըְһѵġ
뵽΢ʱûԥǰѯʣ߲߾һ仰ûҪŤŤĲ±˵˼ֱʾ֪ˡ
㣬Ǹ¡
΢ʱŲ˵ߣСĻҲսһЩ
㿴΢ʱ֣صѹʵզˣɶˣ
΢ʱҡҡͷûУʵ˵Ҫ뿪ˣԮһʱӦˣʲô뷨Ҫһ𣿡
ĿƼʵôߣ΢ʱԭ࣬꣬һٷչĽ׶Ρ
ȫֵ£û֯ʲôģľԮ˵СطѾ̱ˡ
յȲ֪Ҫȵȥ
΢ʱԼ뷨׶һ飬΢΢͸¶һЩϢԲʲôõѡʳľͷʱ򣬵ЩûˣʱôɾͲ˵ˣߣȥϷһȻҲ˵һҪǸһֻҵĽ飬ǲοһ°ɡ
꣬ˢˢĳĬˣʵ΢ʱ˵ûˣֻǻʵֻ΢ʱ˺һӣЩпǵǰǲòµĴ
СΣǷ߲𣿡
۾ڻžӨỨ֪ԼôˣǸоѹô󶥲ס
һʼûпޣ׵ʱҲûпޣŮ裬ǰ̫ƽʱ
ȻܱԹףû뵽׵ʱ
СҲ˳ѹֻ͵͵ĳ
΢ʱʵǵ飬մһӳòװȫһ㣬ֻܶҪʵĵȴԮС
û뵽ֻǴһԨһˡ
ⳡֹĺӶóٻˡ
ԾһЩĬǱˣûؼҿ֪˺òãôˣסĶ졣
ҲңæµʱûʲôֻҪ˼εֽ
ҪٵȵȰɣ᲻ǵİɡ
Ծԥ˵ţ˵Ʈ˹ȥʢϣ
΢ʱû˵ʲôǰѳɶ֣һҪ뷨ͺĸıˡ
΢ʱ֪ʲô˼Ҫ˵ͷĬĬĸһһ㽶ţ̡
ĬĬĽˣж˿ǻСΣһҪ𣿡
ţ֪ԼĿҲԼĴ㣬ء
֣͡
ǶҪ͡
ͣ
ȷ˺Ŀ֮΢ʱԾֽʣƵдŵֽ˺üţԾֵͲĵطƻ
ȻҲûţ΢ʱĻ֮ǾȷʵӦԭԴУΪԮǺתЩ׼
΢ʱûþƵʳĶʵǹԵģ֮ǰȥҵ㲹϶
ǲıů׼࣬ԾڵͼϸЩܿҵþߵλá
ʵٲ԰ڶʱҲѩÿҲ٣Ʒģ԰ȽϴԾҲ֪
΢ʱڸңͲν԰ˣɲٿų֪֮ǰŵǰѻ಻ЧûаǼѬ
֮ǰѩľ飬·ͼ˱Ƚ϶ŵ㣬ûȫԶ뷿ݣȻпռ䣬ѩصҲжķա
ڰΨһѵ㣬Ĵûкܷḻ޵ԭĿռ䡣
ܶݵ룬ĿռҲһŵ¡
˺ͷۣˣʱҸںԡ
΢ʱĶܿ죬˰·ͼֶЩˣȷ˴ﵽԭϼҴİٹңԼһߵԶ㣬Ȼһ켸߸ٰʮˡ
΢ʱ̾˿߻Ǳزٵġ
ҹˣ¥ڣҲûʲô˽ԷûʲôΣգҹˣ˷׷
΢ʱҲ˯ĲȣȻ˹ĥĻߵЩˡ
ڶ˸磬һ׼ϴˡ
ԾýӴ޹΢ʱȻˣȻԱõĵɽˣٳŵʱ򲻻ôܡ
ȥʱСҲ˱Ÿһҵ㶫
Ծͺԭؿضʱȥ
ܹһסͦ˵ģԴûʲô
΢ʱ˷ͷжٷֿ֮ǰԼԭҹǼұλãʡ鷳ҲܸԵĻһá
˷ܵĳӻ֣ɿĳȥ
ƵһĻѩܸߣﻬʡٵ
΢ʱ˸ʵλãಡһ¾ʹﻬȥԶͷϴһɫĦͷҲԾҵģȻһ㵫ʤڰȫͱů
Ľֵϣ΢ʱŻѩ¶ȣŻһСʱͿԾ˵ı־Խ
㳡ıʶʮĿ渲һĻѩ
ߵĴ̳лѩƷ굹Ҳϡ档
ֻͷ۵ǣôȥ
΢ʱĺòŲ̳ǰһȦһ¥¥ݿڡ
¥ݿڴ붼ѩˣϸ淢ֲˡ
΢ʱ׵ģˣѩĹ߶ź¥ݿĪЩš
οԼֹˣȥɣ˵ˡ
л˵
----------------------



11 Ҳҹȥ
Ųûйϣ΢ʱ˳Ľˣ̳ĵһɨȥˡ
ûйϣӦ̳24СʱӪҵĵֻ̣̳ڵߵļû
󲿷ֵĵ̶ˣԱҲиˡ
΢ʱ˳ĽûкХĺ磬оˡ
Ĺ۲ܣ֪̳滹û˶ô죬Ӧǲ˰ɣ
΢ʱһȦ涼Ʒߵĵ꣬ġ
ʽͷ;ţûй߽ȥƵǱҲֻ񣬶ִǺް취
΢ʱ˹䣬ŵ꣬˵ЩԱǾҵôѩ˲ȡ
Ҳֿʽĵ꣬䵽棬΢ʱһҿֻ꣬һΧ΢ʱ˳˽ȥ
Ƶߵ˺ȻҲûֻһ񵲣񶼶ϵˣİӲ
΢ʱˮƲסˣûй˼ˣѵ߲ͳͳɨ˿ռ棬ѿռ˳ŵ
֮ϲﻹ̼飬ɱЩľͷնˣҲûʲôζ
΢ʱѿռľ񶼶һ̿ȫ˽ȥ
һռ䱻ģ̿Ҳ˼ȥ̺͸๤߻ҲûŹ΢ʱЩԼˣȻÿһûûߴģ·ϵⶼˣֻʣ³йˡ
Ѱˣһ߶㶼ǳԷĵطͣѡߡ
Ĳ㣬˼ҷյĻʽ·ģû̫Ȥ
ΧǺʵĵ꣬һɶȥ
˵㹻ϴģ΢ʱֱ㣬յĽŲڿտ̳޷ŴҲӿˣ˵ǼٵģǰȻջ˺ܶĶҪĳйߵҲû䡣
û˺ùߣٶĴҲǴ粽С
̳ܴеĵ̶һĿȻӰԺռ¥İڽɽ΢ʱƹһȦһ·ȥеĵ̾
ǣ̨꣬мݵģԽ΢ʱԽ
ôûлѩþߵأ˵
תתȦûп
΢ʱֻȱͣŵСͳֻͼٷһ֮ǰѾܶĵͼ
źǣ˽ֵЩ̶ûʾ
΢ʱЩйһ̧ͷ˻ǰΧеĵطˡ
΢ʱСǰƣŶȥϣĿһۣϲĲͽг
Ȼ
ΧŸʽĻѩ壬İڳһš
΢ʱ˽ȥİҲʮ飬飬֮ǰֱӶˣռ飬ַҲϣܴľʹˡ
лѩˤСڹ꣬΢ʱҲ˸ƨϣֱ̫ˡ
굥壬ʣµЩ㶼䡣
΢ʱˣ˳˸ߵƽӡ
·õʱ򣬿ֱŻȥͦõġ
һ˿νջķᣬ̳ʱѾˣ΢ʱϽߣĲϹԶȷ̳ȥ·ûʲôϰ֮⳵ֱӻˡ
ȥ·ʱܶࡣ
ӻѩþߵ˳ܶõСָ붼У֪㲻ĸ˰á
ͨͨϣǳĺãȥоûôˡ
΢ʱ֮ǰСƳˢĵɽ ȥҲǹ·֮ôŤŤˡ
ߵһ룬ԶԶľͿСҲڳ߸ϣ˳֣ߵ쳣ļ΢ʱ˹ȥѩߵĽɣнٶȱ֮ǰ˲֪١
˸ǰ΢ʱѩɲѩ涳ĽʵĻ˳ľ͹ˣĿɿڴ
ѰŽɣŻȥ
СΣȥЩװ̫ˣ
۵Ľҿ
΢ʱǳǱѹģǱ¥ûأҲȥͦġ
һĴָķĳߣܿߵ˾Ƶǰ
ɫڣžڼ˵ͷϣ·ʱҪҲ̵ʣ޼
ڰããѩУֻССϡ
ڵ֮ǰȥĴСĺȴû˳Ӧš
һ˸ߵǺȥ˵ʱˣԾӦſڵǲŶԡ
ԼԼܵ΢ʱֲõԤУˣҲ
΢ʱָָƳ˲⣬Ƴı˳
΢ʱƳ棬ǽڲȥ
ԼԼĴĶУԷ𷸼˵ǽͲǽǱͲǾƵĿˣϼʲôȨǽҲҹȥ
л˵
----------------------



12 ˵ɣ
ҲĶԻɫǺܺÿתͷʶ΢ʱô죬ıﻺͳǱذס
΢ʱʱѾһŴ̨׼ȥˡ
ϵı𾪣ǿڲͣȰ裺С侲СΣ߰ɣСıˤˣ
СľĿˣȰĻߣȥν㣬ұϰɡ
һ˾ô΢ʱ˴̨
ûϣ΢ʱһͿˡ
ԭڳĲɿļ˿˲
ֻ΢ʱŹڴ̨ߣﺮذ׽ӳѩףԱߵС˿ı֮ȶʼӡ
ǰԾҲζˣתͿ΢ʱ
һݺݵҧ˿ԼͷҪгԱߵĹＰʱסû΢ʱ
΢ʱ˽ŵߵԾǰ˭˵ǽģ
Ϊ׵ĹǿһȻЬ׳ǸŮˡ
βһʮ׺ʮֵĺ۸ȫ档
ڻ׵ϸߣ΢ʱô˵Ҫǰѵһ
ˣǽû׼ģҪѱ˵ķеǣﲻɲ˵ģôˣСĸˣҹȥ
΢ʱ˵ȥһͱĶӣոջŹҪ嶯˶ɵۡ
΢ʱϵĵ˳ѪյµΣ֮ǰСһɫܿͱò԰
ҡ㡭
ɱɱˡɱˣ
ں֮һûйһ̵˻ȥ
ոջ˼˵ȿһ룬Щб϶
ܳ˶ʲôöƾʲôס˾ͲУҪԭͨͨϳȥ
죬ȥ˾Щѵ᲻֪𣬲ΪҪ΢ʱȸϳȥȻʳֻѾ߳εĶ顣
ԾӪĴ󲿷ֶܸɿϸɵŮˣǵǰ棬Կ͵Ľĵط
ڵҲһģЩͶɹЩ˿ûиҪռΪУŶûС
΢ʱӲ׼ȥȫû֮ġ
˶ѵܲˣǴ
ǱСǿ׳һЩģ΢ʱͱһ⣬һĿӡ
ŸʹĹڵϣͷ亹ֱðһĵˣĵ֪ԼˣȻǰԾȡ
ԷȾҡ㡭Ⱦҡ
΢ʱЩת㿴˵ķӦ֪˻ôϾһ֮ǰǸᣬһܽɱˡ
Щ˻Ầ£񣬻ı飬ʲô׼ýˣֻҪϢһϾС
΢ʱһתͿ˰ѹΧһһϡ
΢ʱת˲Ͳҽгˣˣ
΢ʱ
ҲǸ߹Щ˵ˣԾе㲻ڹ϶ˡ
ר󣬼˶ٶܵѹեԾǣ⼸Ŀ־ͷŭͨͨйǰ
΢ʱߵߣѻŹ˸
Ƴϰӣ΢ʱһ
ŤͷԾۿϵĹȻԣߵĲʡˡ
ǰԾļȻСİѹ˳ȥ
˸鲻ǵһΣһ죬һôˡ
ȻҲкµģֻû֨ôӵ£вͬҲҴ󵨷
ѾˣûκεľԮҲûκεĺת˳ȥһͶɱˡ
΢ʱоһЩɿĹ˴Ѹ˷档
ĶҲûˣƵڵ˶Ĭϱݹ
һ죬΢ʱصԼů͵Ĵϣ˷磬ɫûеϵʱȫ
ëѩ£ڴϣ΢ġۡ
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΢ʱһᴰ⣬ϵͳ壬׼鿴ջ
̳ǽҲˢˣ˵ǸεСͼ꣬һɫĿ档
ָɫ˵ռչ*1
Ʒʣsss+
ۼָۣ5
΢ʱڱ﷭˸еҪУٵĲ鿴ԼĻ֣ϵͳʼոչ100ֵھ4֡
ôһ
΢ʱڱ﷭ȥ̳ǵʱֻʣһСʱĽɫ˵ȫǿġ
ɱ޹ϵͳ֣һ
΢ʱͷԷΣôΪҪĶ
е˶ųһ֮΢ʱ¶һϵͳĻֵֹĻܱйء
ôԭڰٲ԰أ
ϵͳ𣿡
ȻϵͳĲʵʱģ΢ʱ֮ǰԼǰƣ˳
йصԱŻᱻϵͳ¼ǰЩ飬ӦҲܹеòŶԡ
ϵͳ˶٣ʵĻشĹϵƽ̹˵ϣԭϲû֣ʱ޷ֵ
΢ʱ˵ûйϵɣ
ϵͳ
΢ʱһʮ֣Ҳ̰ģζ԰뿪ʮ֣
ϵͳΪˣ
΢ʱʮ
ϵͳĲԣ
΢ʱʮ
ϵͳ
΢ʱٲӦͰʮûԶˣһȥ˭ɱűɡ
ϵͳQAQ
΢ʱҧгݵ˵ʮһ˾ʮ
ϵͳϲ100ֵѵˡ
΢ʱ˽ɫ˵



13 ŵ
ռչ̵ͱˣĵ㿪չռ䡣
ԭʾֻ1׵Ŀռ16ףһҴСĿռ䡣
ֻռҪ12Сʱϡ
ⲻ֪ӶٵĴ֮ǰʹȥˡ
оƵЩļ׺ͱӣдƷõġ
΢ʱܼʱȥ̳Ķɨһ飬ЩûװȥĶȥ
ϵĻֶùˣ΢ʱҲϵͳжֵķʽһ֪
ȷĻ۵ֵôҪЮϵͳˣҲֻǿۿವĸ100ֵ
˼άغɱֵ֣ǲҲͷϣ
ϵͳǸոձ˵ˣϵͳûлش΢ʱȨĬϡ
ڴϷȥ˯ţһԵ㿴Ų԰СΣǲ
΢ʱЩʯ˷ܵˣ΢ʱ۽˽ֺȻͦûϴˣֲʡ
Ȼ˵֮󾭳ϴ壬ñˮϴţκʵûʲôֻǿɾ
һô˵о
¶һõı飬ָָԱ߲֪ʲôʱС䡣
һȥǱϴϴɣͦˮġ
ͦů͵ģԾҲûţѩڻãЩ˷ڵ顣
΢ʱ϶Ծ¶Цˣ˭ֵܵϴջ
Ծʮִ˼ԡͷˮܣŪһ׵Ŀװá
һװˮ䣬ǳװҶģ֮һˮ䣬ش򿪾ܳˡ
ϴԡŻ裬ľͷŲر䣬Ƶ΢ʱΪԼ˴á
ϴԡԡģǳ˽ԣûе磬˵㣬ͦõģʱ˭Ӳ㣬еϴͲˡ
΢ʱԱ߰æˮˮֵܿˣһļˮ΢ʱٽȥԡ·Ϳʼϴ
ˮЩ̣ɪһ£ǺܿӦˣϴȥ⼸еƣ
һθоƺҲûô⣬ԡ¶ζıǼ⣬оǰδеķǻںƽһ
΢ʱҲûҶϴݺݵĴ壬ϴͷ͸Ͻȥˡ
ϴװҲϣоܴҸУڵĿռô󣬴Ҳܶࡣ
΢ʱڻԿԼͷֳ˸
һ¥Ѿû˸ȥˣѸոҪɵĶռһţ˳Ʒ
ûȫߣ󲿷ֶԾǡ
֮ȥ̳ǱѰʵʱҲе׵Ĳ䣬ڶ
һУȥ˯ˡ
һҹ֮õһҹˬ֮΢ʱƿ۲һ
ϵѩֻǱһ㣬ûжѵ
ĳвûʲôӰ죬ң㻹С
վǱߣʮֲĿ΢ʱɵҹû˵ʲôµĻ
ÿ˶Լѡ΢ʱѡ
ųɵģȫ
ƳһţԾ˵߲˸·עⰲȫǱǰ̽·λá
΢ʱѩϣЩѩѾ˱ǣƽϣһŵػܻȥԶ
΢ʱͷһƵѾԶˣȴڴڿһͷ̲ס֡
ɫһƬãޱȵۡ
΢ʱҲ˻֣۾ģͷȴûнһƬɫԾϴྫģܹЧķֹ
΢ʱĬллҲûлͷĳǰ
ٶȱ죬ᳵ·ĵ̳ûˣ΢ʱСĽĹ۲죬ֵ˽ȥ
ûаߵĶˣЩľҲ˻
ѹε˸ɾ΢ʱ˳ȥ
˻ѩ壬ѩȼ٣˵ͼһϢ㡣
һӦ΢ʱɹ˻ѩļɡ
û߸٣һܻᱻѹϣѩûлĿֱӵ·ǳ
ǸϵľȽϳҵľǷǳǵѡ
΢ʱƽ̹ĵżܿһЩ·ȷϷ򣬵󲿷ʱǿָĿĵš
ȫʧȥǰٵļôһֻߵ硣
΢ʱʼŵ
˿ʮ󲿷ʱǻģ첲ҧ֡
ʱñϷģԲĸ·ʱ䡣
û£ܿͿԾ˵ı־һҾ͵Ĵ
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Ѿѩˣֻǿжд¥ӲһӦǸʳȦ
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14 
ﲢԭھƵǱߵĺýһȦ΢ʱûҵĵط.
۵ֻԶҸ壬Ƴ˳˽ȥ
ȥԱߵд¥ȴǿԵģǱкܶĴ˵ûء
΢ʱϢһᣬһʵд¥ȥˡ
ĻѩѾǵĲ㣬ǳɫĵǺأ΢ʱõ˼˿ˡ
¶ЦݣȻ©֮㡣
΢ʱӷףò׼˽ЩǱֳŵأŲˤ
ϵĻң˳˽
ϵжȻѵ·洩Ҳͦů͵ģûôѰ
İ칫¥ʮֵӱ΢ʱһ͸оȥ߶̳ĸо
չڹȣ΢ʱ͸Ĳ͸ʽlogoоŵˡ
Ҹط𣬲ҪѲһⶰ¥ﻹûˡ
֮ǰ궼ѾŵļƣӦòʲôӰ˲Ŷԡ
ûʲô˾ôûԣԱͨɣôӣҪӰӦҲǾӼҰ칫Ŷ԰ɣ
΢ʱôţһ¥һ¥ģյûˡ
ֵǣǰ̨ĳƺ΢ʱɻǰֵЩ쳣Ĺϡ
ԱвƬ
΢ʱһ̧ͷͿһѾ˵ʳӦǱ˱ƻߵģһֻʣ¼װС
΢ʱ˲ⶰ¥治û˵ģȻй˾ԱӰൽҹûзˣ˾ôˡ
΢ʱĲ鿴ܣ漸Ķô٣ӦöǱѹˣûʲôˡ
˵ӦǰȫģΣû̽¥㡣
΢ʱ뿪컹ûڣÿȥҸµıС
Σָɱɲûȱ˽ˡ
΢ʱܵķɿ죬κ˵ʱôģոܵ¥ϷȾʹһŲ
ĸʮֵĲ⧲ĴӶ¥ˣۿܿҪ΢ʱײˣæתҪȥȴһ˫ıסס졣
ȷʵģ
΢ʱԼ˫ȭͼȻȫûѣƺ࣬Ȧڻﶯá
𶯡һ͵ͽͣԾͲٶ
һǼһɻ֮ȥѪζ˻ʮֵůܸܵԷֱ΢Ӳ
֮оԼĹͷԱ׵顣
΢ʱΣգһ˫ۿƲסƮǰŷȥ˼꣬ﶼżһɫĽ̸š
Ӧ棬Ƕ㡣
ȵЩԶֲŻɿ΢ʱתͶԷ˾롣
һŤͷͿһĸŮˡ
Ůûпڣһ˫º͵۾ƽ룬·һ㿴ı
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Ȼֻһɫ˶ô£Ҳӷס
΢ʱ˲ո۽ˮſ˷ڻиڵϡ
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΢ʱͷһµӣ̫ԻŮһʱҲûг֡
βǵģҲʶǡ
ûֱӶԷ۾п˼ԲߣոЩǰ˵ģСײˡ
΢ʱоԼһͷôһӲأڰٲ԰ֵ˾Ƶ꣬ΪԼò׵һû˵طӵˡ
ǿǰŮƺûжֵĴ㣬΢ʱ̧ͷһԷȻѾˣһ˫ÿ۾ϸĴ
³һеѪĻ֪
΢ʱĬĬ˸ۣ˵֪ʣˣܺ
ȴ˿ûбֳھԵǰз뷨
ǰŮƺû˺ӣ΢ʱ̲סʵҷĲģոտҶ˵ȥģһ뿪ⶰ¥ģڿ𣿡
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΢ʱǳ˳飬һڵϵˣΣյ˭
ûϵģ߾ˣ鷳ˣ˼
ĵŰ֣ŮûʲôӦٵĽ׼֮󼪡
΢ʱû˼룬һͿոչȥļͭǽڰĶǰĿ
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15 һֻǾ
΢ʱʶ̧֣һƤЬ˹ȥȫǱܷӦ˲ñûпˡ
ƤЬֱҵͷۻ⧲˸գ΢ʱѸٹš
顱һй
Ů˻ԭأϣ˫ֽϥϣ΢Цſ
Σȷȥɡ
΢ʱйŰ屻õ죬ŵʮֵĺãЩ͸Աȵģǿס˼˵ߡ
ֲҪˣ΢ʱһʼĵ֮Ҳ
ɫڵĺܿ죬һᣬ΢ʱ͸оĲˡ
û˶ű׸ס
Ǻڸտʼͼ㣬ûа޷
ڲܱ¶Լǰһˣ˴Ӹոտʼڶû˵
ЩҲûߣ΢ʱоԼǽѣȥҪˡ
ﻹһЩܿԷںڰеһһ
˴ıԼҪ٣ѵһ㶼
΢ʱشоÿںǼ⵶һ븹УͶûʲô֪ˡ
ҲܣһֱŽţͼȡů
ۼʵܲˣ΢ʱһᣬ׼ȥ
ſڵļƺҲʱ̼Ķ΢ʱźڰͳذףСĴŰ֡
ſһ˲䣬˽
΢ʱ˲ͿѸٵĴӵϵȼյľľͷһ˿ů͹
ĲУֻܣһ̤ȥ˾˲㳯
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΢ʱһתͷͿոշŮһ߷һѸٽק˻ȥǹϣƵģ۾ûգһ¡
΢ʱסˣǾΣ֮ǰ²ԷʲôǵĽɫΪ˾Ƶ꣬ʲôˡ
лл㡣
΢ʱмĿȻڰпԷ
ҪĻԴǸռ仹ʲôط޷óġ
Էûͷûβһ䣬΢ʱ˲оԼĺëը
ʲô
ʵ濴öˡ
΢ʱ
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Ƭ֮̿裬΢ʱʵʵĺΧſ
лºɫףָ̿Ϸĳ΢ʱݹĴѼȡ
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лǸԱոٵʱ¥ϼӰ࣬˾ĸãӰѸҹܱ򳵷ѣеԱûߡ
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Ļѩ˵·ʧȥ˻ؼҵʱлԵȴ󲿷ֵ˶Ҫãֳһ˸һ㡣
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ǹ˾Ҳû⣬л¥ǰ̨ҵһȽϺõķ䣬ӹһ١
Ȼڳ˵ĿҲ˶ڣֻûа֮ǰˡ
΢ʱ֮һ񺮣ȻĶһģƵԺܻ𴦵Ҳӡ
Ȿ鲻֪ôˣٵĿƽˣһʱ̣еĶͻ߷Ŵ
л˵ڵĳ΢ʱӦö˺ܾˣȻ˹ģٶȿľˡ
ѼȺƿˮ֮󣬲ǿס֡
ֵǿ΢ʱ˵ǴǰμӹⷽѵӪӪѵ࣬лѧϰ
ֲøոհ˿΢ʱԼůͺʹֱۣĻȻŲɡ
΢ʱоƺûʲôвԵģֵԼǿô࣬ҲûҰҪĿռռΪС
лԶֲ֮ͬҲþȣĻ˵·ѩˣٺ׵Ҳš
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16 ·㲻
ﱻŵҲ˵ͬſڵϣ΢ʱ
Ǹˣİ˰Զһ㣬䲻ȷ˰֮˻
΢ʱ޷Ȼڱȸող֪˶٣Ǿú䣬лӣ̲סʵ㲻𣿡
лûпרĵĶ̿裺䡣
ôô٣
лԽĿͶһһĻ˵û·
΢ʱǸɣû뵽
ʵȥ̳ˣ׶٣д¥͸Ӳ˴·ˡ
΢ʱڿռıӺʹ˳ߵʱûŰЩ¶ڱ˵ǰģֻһŹôĴ档
ãлҲ˱ӣ΢ʱ˸λãſڣ˳Ҳܵһʱ䱣˵İȫ
оյİ΢ʱͦģջһڿڵС飬˱ӣһƣϵͳ̳ǺСƳ
Ļ˽ɫ˵ռ֮Ѿˣ̵ûˢ£̵ĴСƳ֪ʲôö
СƳʾսˢС
ս
48*1
ʳ*1
Ƭ480*1
ȫζʳ΢ʱоһɶϯθողųԹ
̲ס̿ˮ֮ǰھƵԵĹԼˣÿγԵĶǸɰĲǺܺõ׷
û˵緹ң󷹷ǳƲû򣬲ģӲļ
֪ԼݵĶ࣬ôҲûȥ
رһζ棬תлԣԱ𣿡
Է˫۾УϳֵĹҡͷ
΢ʱӿռóˮ̿棬ǾƵģСûģǵлԵķ΢ʱʵİ
ʮ뽫֮ĹϵãܳΪѣôԺʲô鶼᷽ܶࡣ
棬⣬дӿˣˮ
˼Źˮ̿ĺ濾ºܿͷˡ
΢ʱϷȥַ˴ϵζܿС˼壬Ƿˡ
Ũ ܿӿ˻ΪǶĲгֵĻþ
Ϊ׵Ů˴˸£Ŭſеζ·ѾԽˡ
ҲűӣǱ˴˶ûпԷı顣
Һŵˣ˭ڳԣ
Ҳǣٵİɣ˭͵˷棿
ֻþ˰ǣϻô࣬ˣǰȥûлǽϿ϶ģ
̸ûдѾˣ΢ʱ⼸Թһ١
֭QһͽҲԸɿ΢ʱһڽһڣоӷǳ
лԵĳ˹ĶˣԵĺܴںܸɾ΢ʱţﶼ˼ζĸо
˺ܿͽһ棬ʼòͺƷ
лԻϴ˹˵ķֹʮֵȷ΢ʱ˵ͺȻˡ
ﱻŵ˺ܿͱѣֱ΢ʱһˡ
ųӣ֮ǰڿ걻İӲֻԽⶳƬˣһȥǷǳĺóԡ
˳Ա֮ϴһ£˯
΢ʱ̫˯ţ˯ĲʡˣҹҲһζûбѹֱ𴲣̼̿š
ûеӲƷʱʮֵ΢ʱԼ֮ǰ滮·ͼл˵˵
û飬ȥ˵һģ΢ʱػܣлԾܹõʳ˸ȡ裬һһ
΢ʱ̿ڵ¶Ⱥܿͽȥ䷿ⴰǿԴ򿪣΢ʱѩĹߵݸָ˼·˴ôӴߣñܿˡ
һͿʼƶײţƺײݵӡ
˿ûӰ죬΢ʱϵװ׼̤ŻߣůڵģǴ̹ǵķѩ
΢ʱװʵỬѩ𣿡
лԵ˵ͷʱѧ˶ͦõġ
΢ʱЩĽлǸԱȴʲôᣬСʱļͥһܲ
˵жƺ˻ڵϵˣת¶һŤı飬˴ӣ쵽ĵһŭ𣺡Ҫˣ죡
޴ڷڻصײŵͣһ˲֮󣬸ӵˣŰ巢顱죬ſҲ
΢ʱ̤һ˻ŤͷڵϲԼ䶯ˡ
뿪ģôˣ򲻹ܣЩıˣЩһǱɱģǲⶰ¥ˡ
ˣѾˣûнȻñ˽ɱԼ
΢ʱоԼŻգȭͷһеˡ



17 ѩ
΢ʱǲһţȻʵҸг𣿡
һ㶣¶һŤЦݣûô˻ܴùô𣬶¥ˣʵ㣬Ӷ
΢ʱ˵ͷҲⶰ¥ˣô
Ļû˵꣬˾ȲĴôʲôʹ򲻹ǣ˽Ҳѡ
΢ʱϻһͱĲӣ˵ȻֹĲš
侲ĳлԣû뵽ǣлԾȻ˴Ĵָ
㲻ɱ𣿡΢ʱЩлԵӿȻЩӦȴûкܾȵӡ
Щ¥ͿʼɱˣȰˣûãֻԼˣЩ๼
л˵꣬һʼȻ侲˵Ҳ˹ģ˸о̲裬ȫ벻ɱȥ
΢ʱķӦе⣬һµϵѪڵλá
Щأ
лԻһֽţϵ·Ķʮֵ᲻Щů·
ǾƵĴ£ȻûϵǱ֮ǰлԴҪůͶˡ
лԽ·źãվſڣȵŰɣһᣬǴٳ
ǰԵ̫ˣ΢ʱ֮ǰѾмˣһûУڳԱ˻ȫ
Щл˵ģ΢ʱûԷסԼܴˣôǿսȫʲôӣ
æţŵ⧲ײ˽лһ߷˳ȥˡһǽϡ
л˳һѰˣ΢ʱһקˤˡ
˦˦֣ǳţסûпţ򲻹ЩˣȥҲǸ鷳ʵš
治ͣĴ˵û΢ʱûôֱһƬлƵˣŰɡ
˺˵ţ֪˯˻ˣԵЩѪͷϺ׵İϵı͡
лж磬ɿĴ·΢ʱ˼һᣬ߳ȥʼ
һŸˣĸһ΢ʱһٵֵ
ǲ˸ϵϵͳֻ20һˡ
΢ʱ㣬Ҳõģ˴ûѩװд¥
лǳ߰칫ɵ⻹ûݣߵĵκ·߲Ϥ͸΢ʱˡ
ǰ¹ѩѩ鶳Ĳʵ΢ʱһЩݽȥͣߵʮֵļڻлչˡ
˴ͷţ۾Ӿ΢ʱǾñ̵ۣӵûװͲ˳ֻܶڼ
뿪һƬѩˣֻܿߣ΢ʱѩճӰˣκԭʵ㲻ϴ֮ǰ࣬΢ʱۿлߵԽԽԶһ˲ͽ
лԣ
ĺǰлûлͷţ΢ʱĶˣһ˾ʹʧɢûͨѶ豸Ļ£ҲԷ
ȥԶΧĵ˱仯ܳ˴ССѩɽ߻һЩɽƺ˹·棬˵徿һΡ
ߵС·ֻ¶һ⣬һڣ߿һӲ֪ڽʱһֻмҧҧ໬һ·Ӧþܳˡ
΢ʱŴ˳лԵĹ켣ǰۼǰлԵӰϾҪʧ΢ʱӵļһ£лԣ
ûмлԾͣԶСڵת˿֪ôֻ˻
ԽԽ΢ʱҲƽЩΪθոսŶԷͣ
ͷͬûиⲻ
΢ʱĻţ߽ˣſԶƺһ˿̳
ǡ̳ۿɼߣ𽥵ĳлԱƽ
΢ʱɵͣ»֣ϸĹ۲ţлԵĿ𽥲ζ
ոǹɱƽƺӿٶȣ·ʱʱѩ黬䣬˼룬׿ˣѩͬ˳׷͸ϣ·ҪеĶ̳븹
лԺܿ͵ǰͬʱҲлԵĺܣѩˣ
˵ͱлһקסӣһͷװԱߵѩ
˵˲һƬڣѩ˽·Ҫѩ
΢ʱݺݵײѩϣͷһʹǰһʧȥʶ
л˵
----------------------



18 Ůɱ
΢ʱͷʹо嶼Щʧȥ֪ˣûжǰһƬڡ
֪˶ãŻָһ֪ѩڣ˿лԵϣûж֪ǲιȥˡ
ǰһƬڣȴûô䣬΢ʱ˿̵쳣ѡ
ոշѩж㣬л԰ġ
һжɺˣ쿪ʼ͸оԾΪʲôе߽Ƕ¥֮ͱ仵ˡ
֮ǰҲûеùɣ
ѵ˵ջһֵǿˣҪЩ
̲סѯϵͳȻԷܲʲô𸴡
𣿡
ϵͳƺû뵽΢ʱ֮󣬵һ仰Ǻ˵Żشʲô
΢ʱƽ˵ǲ̫ù˵㣿
ôѡĴ¥һȺ򲻹ĿͽȻջķᣬҲˡ
ѩ趨ǶĳͷЩùҲ̫ܼһЩ
ϵͳĬ΢ʱĲ˵ǲѵĶϵͳͻ
΢ʱûпڳƽľʵʵ㣬Ҫһȶ˵һֱֻͣ磬͵ҵɣûһ֮ǰ˵һֱ磬ô죿
ϵͳûٳĬȻ˵ֻеϢ
ϵͳĻ΢ʱЩϲʵϰϵͳʲô˵Ҫ׻
𣿲ڶҰϵͳˣ
ϵͳϵֳĬˣٴοڣ΢ʱһ˿ãıֺۣǸҵһִȻ֮ǰҵ뷨ͬҲͦģϵϣ
΢ʱɿĻжգգۣҪ˵ʲôҰɣ׼ˡ
ϵͳ
ϵͳλǱԭŮһŮƵĩģоûдȷʵˡ
΢ʱȻеһʼߣŮĸҲ˵ͨġ
ֲлԵֵôǿԭŮЩڳ˵츳Ҳʲôֵĵطɣ
ĻcpǰٺģŮսĴŮûĳ֣ԷҲİ취ܹ߳Ƭѩ
ϵͳ˵ߣѶȾͻɱֲоԼˣԭǽǵѶˡ
ŮҲΪǰӦӵˣ˵˵Ůͦദģ⻷ûôӣĻῼǺŮǰС
ЩԸ˵⣬ȷʵڻҵݺܷϡ
һһͳһ֮ϵͳֲ˵ߣȷʵܹٵ߳Ƭѩ򣬵Ҳĸʡ
΢ʱʾԼԸߵ㣬Ҳһδ֪ûȤϵͳҲʱҲʧȥ
˴ɹʶԶˣӳ飬ĿǰΪֹõѡ
бĿԲ𣿱趨
΢ʱϣĿϵͳ塣
ǽעҪʧˣǸЩϢ֮ͨǰ鱾ġ
΢ʱĵʱֱӵ˽ȥɨһİԼǵˣϵͳɨĵĽ棬Źܽġ
ðɣȻ⣬ĿǰȷһٸŮһˣԼ
֪ڵʱ䣬СƳˢˣƲǹʮˣ˳磬СʱԵӦҲмСʱҪε̫ˡ
΢ʱɿлԵϣֽҲָ֪׼Ժðһ⡣
ϵͳԭŮ𣿡
ϵͳƽȵЩ˵ʲôòҪɱɣ
ϵͳʣ΢ʱð뷨ǶԷûʲôξԼȻ˵ЩѶߵԭ
ȻҲпûУϾѾĩˣ޲ĹˣѵлԲڣЩ˾Ͳ
Ҳֻһ꼰Ҳõ˻֣ȻҪɥд¥ˡ
ͨЩ΢ʱоԼ泩ˡ
ոʶĽռĵҲóˣ˿һֱάһƣеˡ
˿̲סһ£ЩӲʶĳ֣ѩ©һǹ΢ʱۣŵһ¡
ߴлԵˡ
΢ʱŵߣҪͱĿԣлԵĿ䵽ŵϣãȻ˲˻ɣ΢ʱȭͷ
΢ʱһ֪òյһյԷ͸ԼһȭտҲԼһȭ
ҽ͡
л˵
----------------------
΢ʱҽƱ



19 
΢ʱѵ˳飬Ŭϵı飺ʵѩô˲˼
лԵǳ˳飬΢ʱûжٵĽս˿ռóһ̳˳Ĳӡ
˿ٵſڣĴѩûкѩ˶ûмΪкܶأʵֻһ㣬ûеϥôֻ̿˶ѡ
ʵĿ΢ʱʱѩкܶ࣬ĺлҲһ֣·ôʮ־裬Ҹ˦лԲС
˿Ŀİ³ﲻڸ߼ûôΣգߵɽҲСɽмҪһ
ѩǺѻˣ΢ʱߵȶŽӲˣſĿӡ
ѩ˸ʵֻܿ˵İ뻡Σһ޵׶
ɽȫȥˣлԵֻԣ΢ʱԼȥٻһҪܶĹ򣬴ȥʱҲ㡣
ۺϿֻˣ΢ʱ֮ǰԾ͵ֵͲһλѩͷ沢ûбʵѩϻȥԽԽСֱһССĵ㡣
΢ʱѥ˵һ˵ײֵͲ߱ڰɣֻʣǰһСֵġ
ŵ鼷һĳ˵Ь˵ĲڳӦҲ˳һһ
ĿţûʲôζżᴵƹιЩĵ粣ల˯
ǵıܰ꣬˯һ㣬ά˯ӣʵѾİӲˡ
ȻҲʹģһЩ˳ӲڰϣϵĶһһôڳļзм䡣
ڵ˻϶ˣⳡѩͨ˵дա
θ߷ڣһڴźӳ棬һѰ󣬻ΪǶ³Ҳ
΢ʱ˹ԭҲ³
ⳡѩУ֪Ƿ񻹱ĸ˹
΢ʱ޸пԭҲˣ֪ȫһܹ֮ôȥ˵һֱ
ǰ·һհףÿһ벻Ľ֡
΢ʱ̤ʵأһȥ
˼Ӧߣһǰһţ΢ʱĽŲܾԽԽ¡
ֻ幫ʱĿ¡
ԽߣԽǾÿ־壬ǵ·߶ʬԵʰɡ
ӦͨϽһ滬΢ʱСĵķǽлҲǺͺõӣнһᣬӶû߳ףˡ
ɴͣϢһᣬлҲںͣסĽŲ΢ʱֵգ΢΢塣
ûо̫ˣ
΢ʱʵﻹǱҪůһЩģ֪ǲĴ
лԵͷЬĵϣʱʱҲ򻬡
΢ʱͳ֮ǰѩﻬеӣܿڳķ϶廹̫ѿƷˣִ򻬵ĵطȥ
ӾͲһˣ΢ʱһƣӾͳȥԶ۾˲ˣ߹ȥֵͲ档
綯ʲô
ȻΨһȱҪֶѡ
΢ʱлǰ棬ԷȽϺƿطҲʹ
˾һװƳ˸ʵ΢ʱںŵأлǰ滬һžͻȥԶ
ʲô𣬳ﶼˡ
ոջȥûжԶƳײǰʬ壬΢ʱںһԴײлԵˣ˻лһŲ
ʬԴײѿеĶĽʵ΢ʱǺܸҿֻŽ¸֨֨²ǲȵһЩ֯ʬʻ˻кܴģ׳Բ·
ĬĬǸ֮˳Ŀ˹ȥ
ڵͨ裬ԭһСʱ·̣Ƴİ²Ż˰Сʱ
ȱƳΪ˵ĥ𣬺úúñУȻʹ϶̡
ѩлкܿθ٣µٶȺܿ죬еĳ˴ѩ֮£һ·ϻûʲô
˽н˶ʮ΢ʱԤ·Ҫ֪ܶ࣬ǲΪлڵԭֻ߸˼һ£Ҳ̫Ԥˣнȥ߸ʮ϶ܵĿĵˡ
΢ʱϹʵЦݣߵ̫ĺܿ죬ȫġ
µķǶԵģ΢ʱԶĽ²ǵ˽д¥СȦ̫ԶƳϻѩ峯Ǳ߸߸ߵĽٽӽ
Ҵ߾ԲֹôһЩˣ֮ǰЩд¥ܻľСӵܼӦͦ˲Ŷԡ
΢ʱлԵĺ棬˼ΰлռʣȻһᵥ뿪
Ǻܿ˼ˣͣһѩĴ̳ſڣеѩȣһۣȫ߲ˡ
л˵
----------------------



20 ΪʲôҪ°ܣ
ȥ
ͬ˵ĬĲϵװʼڣĳ̶ֳ˵˵ĵɫǼƵģж·߶һ¡
΢ʱ˼ţ֮ǰûпִ͵ĳУҲЩȵıһˣֶĳһ㶼жŹˣҲء
ϣкһ΢ʱĬĬ
˰ǿſڵĻѩڶ¥һЩ̡̲
̳ѩڸ˺ɵĴԱߵըˣӦҹҹըıֻһ־̯ˡ
Ĵǰںõģﶼǲģ΢ʱûзŹЩٶʳ¸ͨͨУʵ˵ÿµطĵԪˡ
ＹƬ޲ˣζը߲ܣ΢ʱֿ̳ڵƳлһԼҲһ
ſռˡ
л˵ĿռŲ˺ܶණԼҲ㣬·ҲвΪԼ뿪׼
Էĵ˵ͷóԼ
΢ʱʳŽȥͬʱһЩƷ̼ҲһЩ̼ͦģ֮ǰһ̿
лԵнٶȱ̼ܶ࣬Ҳ٣Ǹ¯΢ʱǲʲôܡ
ܣ΢ʱòܹ̽ĸһЩ
һ·ջȥﻹһЩµ֮꣬ĸ裬лһЩ΢ʱʣµĶˣֻյʱȽϵСģлߣյġ
ЩٶЩϴٹһˡ
һ¥ĵ̲࣬Ҳûջ٣ͳĳߡ
Ѿͣˣ΢ʱֵ磬ȥ
еһƬǽ壬һûбӡͱȺֶѩ
űһ룬ҵĻ˳ſģһϴٹƵġ
˶һۣ˽ȥĻܻǺúõģֻĶЩɢңٶˡ
΢ʱоڲԱɵģϾûԿҲ
ƷǷǳ֮ģ΢ʱȱƷϵֽɨ˿ռ棬ˮҲûٷŹʳǣʳ͹ҲһЩ
ĶڻҪǹͷͷƵʳԼһ˿ԳԺܾá
˿ռ䣬ðճвˣеĸʳƷ߲ˣع˸飬ſʼװʳ
ĶҲûŹлûô㣬Ҳ˼ӿʼɨľˣһĻ
΢ʱĽʣиռ䣬ͲӵôĶ⿴۲ˣţ΢ʱϷۣ˼ѩǲǻͦģζɢͦ졣
лԵĺ潫ɨһգ΢ʱĿռҲеûĶ˽
öӶ࣬΢ʱĿһתԱߵԱͨ
еĲֿˣ˶ȥԱͨڴֵһᣬֻϵƶֿǿŵģ΢ʱһˣŴ߳
ʣµĶЩڱˮлûʲôõˡ
лԵջҲķᣬһ¾¥С̳Ϣ
ҵطӦҲõȥȻҲķգȽľӦҪȫһЩġ
ӰȫͨߵͣǱǸϢĺõط
лżߵĺѾ˸մԱߵԱͨ΢ʱ˲;
˲ֵͲ
һ˵һ ˵ûʲôôˣ
ʲôû𣿡
һϸϸĲ鿴һŭƭǰɣȫС˶Ⱥ˵ˣ˵ʲôпʣأģǲǰѶˣ
һӵŮ
˵˵гԿԼ˳вһ
𣬴ôչǣҪСǿţͶˣΪҲ֪ǿűСǽĻᣬҪǰɣ
΢ʱǳ˳飬ײϴ󲿶ˣȻлҲлùͻӰΡ
·𣺡ܣжǾֻһ㣬Ǵ󲿷ֶģ
ʱⳬеĶȷʵв٣ϴٵʣµЩȷʵҲƽʱҪٺܶࡣ
˳ɶЩһʼʳǲôģ΢ʱ˽ȵûа취
ӴˣһһҲͰСʱģҪ˰ᣬҲС˰ߵģ
˶һԽԽĽŲ
΢ʱľĿлԣԷѾ˫ԾԾԣʱ׼ܡ
ЩŬģʲô󵽹˭С
΢ʱûüҸط㣬ͿǰĴű͵һѾŻѵ˺۵Сۡ
ûü˭ոͷ˾ͿлһʣָǺȫǳеĶС͵
΢ʱĬĬóʶı죬ĵЩĿ¶̰
ѶǣǾͷߣȻǴŮˡ
ǾǣôǲԵģһȰôණÿˣǱ˳ʲôѽ˲̫˽
΢ʱʱоԼˣЩ˸ողǻл԰Ѷôվڵߵؿʼָˡ
ʲôǵģԪģЩ˵ôи
ǰСĿж͸¶̰񼸺лĿˡ
ֵͲ˻ζ˵۾Щ˴ĶһһģǺܸɾһǣЬ϶մŰɫĶ
ʲôЩ˵ЬӲŻôͳһ
΢ʱʱ뵽ɱˣϾЬӺЩһЬ׶һĨȥѪȡ
ֻɱ˳Щ˳ʲôĿҲԶ׼ġ
Ƿϻôʲôֱǵˣ
δ䣬΢ʱһͱ˵Ĳӣ˵öԣʲô
Сеʲôˣʲôһ
΢ʱһŹκ˵ġ
л˵
----------------------
ŸԤգ±д
ʧͷҵ¡
庮ҫ۵š
̨ϣܺлѩлصģֻ
ʦһҹ˥䣬ΪͣڽѴлѩһ·߸ͽŵһˣǧš
Ӵˣ庮ֻԶԶ
վ룬ܾĽȴӲĿܵУ£ܿܿΨϵͷһľɵС
庮
Լ֪׷ϣǲ
ҧشҩҪжҫ
Ȼڵҩˣңлѩϳ˱Ψһֿѡ
лѩɱаƬײת׼庮ֿѣˡ
лѩ
庮ߣ޵ȫ̼ǳֿ
Ƶĳҹ庮ϥͷС滮ʦˣҪտɽǿ˭ɵһˡ
лѩḧްֻ˵һ֣á
ֱ庮տտɽͬŶšֿѡš
庮



21 Ů
лƺûϵ֮Ѹ, һһ鵹һˡ
СЩ˵ʵûʲôսһЩͨ
Ǵ׳꣬ռ, лصġ
΢ʱɱˣ, Ѹٵ֯˷
΢ʱʵûʲôɣɱ˵ʱƾ䲻⡣
ʮתۼֻʣ߰˸, лԳģֻˣû
΢ʱͲһ, ֻ, ûˡ
ϰ˼Ѿ̧ˣ쳣ʹ
ܴУȥ˳еһطĽŲʮֵңڰֻصĴϢлǱ߲ϴҽе
Ȼʶ, ˣǸܺ÷ֿĻ᣿
֮ǰлԵĿ˺ܶʣıů·Ҳϡ
еһжѾŪˣôڲ, Ժܸ˵ֿĻ
ǹ⻷Ӱ쵽΢ʱĿռ, ȻܹĻҲܿ졣
˼Ѿ۵ܲˣ򴦻ģֱۻܶ, ҪԼˡ
̫ˣ΢ʱ̣ڣոոϵͳŪ˹ϵһᡣ
ԺжеϢ΢ʱ̼ӿ˽Ų컹һ˿⣬һڸҵطϢ
ոչ䳬еʱԽķʮֵϤƳԱͨˮΪ˷·ɴֵͲ
аɫıǵ͸Ź⣬ˮζ΢ʱ粽ǰĻ̨Žռ䣬ַ˳סԱڡһ̵ĳܡ
һ·ĻǱϴһһɨա
˸ղŵľ飬΢ʱڻûĿռŸ˶ԴʱֱӷųѹҲܲȫͲԼˡ
һ·ﵽ˳еڣĲҽ΢ʱȷлû֮¥
ĬĬ˵Ǹȴķɿ졣
ɵģȻڻƻʮ֡
΢ʱĿѰŸе¥ĿԶһд¥
Ľܴ󣬿İ칫¥Ƚϰڴѩ֮ˡ
ķɿ죬ڵʱڽ˴¥ڲ
΢ʱ˴ѥ̤˵棬ŵĹ۲һᣬŻŵģΪϵ磬һЩӦſˣ¥ݣ¥İ칫
һЩǰͣӣְ칫һûеͣģ΢ʱ˸ط
ַϻֻбѲߣûʲôԱҹ࣬鵱˻죬˵İ칫ñ΢ʱ
дԲԱߵӣ˸ǽλ÷˴棬˻
һУʱѾ˰˵㣬΢ʱŻ棬ȥ˲ٵƷ֮Ҳ˳ϴˡ
궫΢ʱڴϿ˽ÿ̵꣬һƬհס
ϵͳʱʱĿ˵֮ǰˢָһΪأ̵֮ʮˢ¡
΢ʱ˵ͷðɣ⣬ֵȷʵС
㿪СƳƷˢʲô
нĵСǩԭСƳϷǿհ׵ģǽȴһ飬ʡ
ˢƷ
Ʒ84245kg*1
ղݮ3kg*1
Ʒ10kg*1
΢ʱоҸҪεʲô˼ŮĽ
ϴӣ΢ʱʼţŻˮĸо治
ȻЩ䶳ˮҲܹԵʵģе㡣
ϵͳʱʱҲܺ˵仰ֻ󲿷ֵʱС
ԶŮĻǲǾͻһˣ
ϵͳһ֣ء
ǵģǵ͵ģԶҲԶΣա
΢ʱţ֪ǲΪãĸоöˣԽԶԽɣ֪᲻ͣ
ϵͳӦòᣬнٶõġ
˵꣬ϵͳϵĵһ֡
ɱģһ550ֱֵǴա
΢ʱʱðǼҲʹˣоյĳҲȫˡ
һһͳֵʱ򣬳Ҳս
лԽķÿ˵ȷû©֮֮λƵڳڽ΢ʱ֡
ոմܵʱһֱû΢ʱǱʲôսǿ֮ǰΪ˲ԼȶǶġ
ȵսʱٳΪҲ⡣
лԽһӣڳڽһ΢ʱֵ֣ǳڲû˻Ӧĺ
ΧĿ£лĵ任һ˲Щ
Ѹٷڵϵÿһˣÿһ΢ʱ
лԽŲҴң¶ˣûҵ΢ʱӰʶԷͻȻˡ



22 겻ɢ
΢ʱһ, 泩˸Ѿܾû˯ȻˣûֻЩѰ
ֻҪά·ߵĵ, ȫġ
̿̿Ҫȼˣһ, ʼˮ
΢ʱ˵ݮһ, ڵĻԲʳ˼Ӵ·ϳԡ
֪ǲĴԽ, ƺԽ, ͬʱҲһЩûһʼôˣȻֽűǱ֮ǰҪࡣ
΢ʱ룬˵֮£˻ɹ, ǲҲó
ǱС˵磬ûܷġ
ϵͳ˵ҲʲôȷĴ𸴣ϢҪȡ΢ʱԼ̫, ܹĶôһ㡣
ŮҲ, ˵ǰûд
ʰöֳˣ΢ʱѩ, 쳬ڵλá
лӦòʲôԼŶԣϾǱߵĶ٣΢ʱԼѾ御ˣһ֪Լܵİʱߣеŵġ
лԿн·ߣ֪ģ΢ʱҲͲĲģϵͳĵлصġ
ֵԽԽߣ̳ÿսҲˢµԽԽ죬СƳϵͳĽָ
˵ʵ΢ʱϵͳǷǳԼģһʼͱ΢ʱΪˡ
ӵһҲϵͳĸ
˵ⲻǲģʵ϶λˣȻԵ֮ǰȵЩ£˫ĹϵǺܲġ
΢ʱҲԸģ˫ǳƽˡ
ɽͷе·滮ûʲôϰߵҲġ
ϲߵȻϴε鲻̫ã涼ˣȻŵ˰ȫˡ
ʵ̫ʬ壬һЩ飬ƹȥˣѩص˲Ŀ¡
ҪԼʣֱǾ㤿ֲƬ
΢ʱһᶼûмˣŴӿٶȡ
첲̧˯һ־ûˣǻһСʱ۵ġ
лԱеٶҪ࣬Ѿʮ๫ˣܿʹӼˣȺ
編ƣѩڿ֮棬ȺԵĶࡣ
ΪλûƧڵĳҲǰһСΣĳ϶ѩ·ɽ֮ǰġ
ĵ΢ʱһ£ͷˣֲڵ·潫׵ıĥ飬޴
취вͨˣ۵ֱ·ߵЩķˣҲˡ
⼸Ⱥʮ⻹̵ľ룬ΪͿԳͨˣ΢ʱ̫ˡ
΢ʱ˼Żʲô취ֵȥЩͳȻɲʲôóĿɨȻһ߳ΧԽҰ
һܾ޴Ĺ·гŹ̶ڳƨɺ档
΢ʱǰһĳȻкü˹ȥӿһ𣬲м۸񰺹Ĺ·ɽس
еȻлɽ·ÿ궼кܶŽҲйﳵɵġ
΢ʱ̾˿ԭ˾̫⣬ĿҪԼȥ
Щгһʮռ䡣
㣬⼸гͦõġ
΢ʱһԽҰҵ˴Ͳһߡ
˴ٶȱ֮ǰҪ飬ûʲôۣµ飬ֵͲڳǰķɿ졣
һ·ʡ˲ٵʱ䡣
ȺܹŻСʱʱ䣬綼û
ֻʮֵĻƧ΢ʱһص·ȥȺͲﵽˣÿڵķĺԶڱѩҹ˵ġ
緹û˵ϳԣ΢ʱ·ϵĻڵأֱر꽨ͣ
ɫ޷һӣ΢ʱ˵ʵôŮԶ˰ɣ
˸٣һط鿴Լн̣ȺСʱСʱм˵㶫ɣһ̶ͣ
Ȼʮһ·̡
⼸г֪Լ߶á
΢ʱЦݻûչ¶ãСƳ˿Ʒˢ¡
ƺûдù˼Ʒǣ
𿨿ڹ̶*3顣
ͷ*1
ɽ*1
΢ʱЦʧˣʲô˼
˵ûõĶΨһܿ۵ľͷֻһСͷûС۳˶Ǻѡ
ϵͳʱĿڣ߰ɣŮ⸽
΢ʱһĲţлΪʲô⸽
ʮҪСʱôʣͲߵô졣
΢ʱװʱȻһѩ
΢ʱһ飺ҷˣϵͳѻ죡
ϵͳء



23 ҩƷ͹
΢ʱ̿ʼѰҲĵط, ȻԭͣϷʱܾãǴ˿̱׷Ǹеʮֵ𾪡
ʮһ㶼, ܲԼһãҲҵгɣ
ѩ, ѩȶ㵽һѩѺ棬Ϊʵ̫, һѩǲġ
ܿӡ֤ԼĲ룬ѩһ߳һ, ããѩ, һֻ״צӡ
ָڣģһȻѩ䡣
Ƕ˳ģ޴Ƭǣһϸεͷ­ôν档
ѾȫΣ΢ʱϸ鿴ŷӾʲô, Ͳͷ­Ļȫһֻɽס
Ȼϳ˹
ֻ֮΢ʱһ֪ķӦ, ԼлԾȻʤ
ǵ, ΢ʱСĵѩѣһ
ֹĿǰûȷϢɽ֪, СжҲ̵ġ
צӲѩϷɳɳβڵҷһۼƺǲ̫䣬һԴԴϡ
ȥԴͺһֻ޴Ĵɽ죬ǿϸԴ΢ʱһļƤ
֪ôģ˫ССת΢ʱ֪ûпӵ˲䣬ﻹǲͣĴģĶŵҪˡ
ɽ˳ǰȥٶȲ˵ѩˤұܵ΢ʱҪࡣ
ȻŲõѡΪֻͨĴɽͬʮ΢ʱ߶Ħ·ĲĿ
ĵĵʮӣֱɽԽԽԶСŲѩѺ
͸ոôһû˶оԼ춳ˣϵıůװоԼѾɱˡ
ȷ˴ɽ˳֮΢ʱûѩ壬·ϣ߼ܵˡ
Ǳߵĵ˵һЩǼкͶĽڣǱߵĻ·ȷΧǾ񷿡
ԭķ
ϧ߶ûʲôܸߵɽƣȻ˵׼ҵʲô³ʡʱ䡣
΢ʱ˿ͼȷλ֮ѸٳȺһļʲոֹڲֹ֪ĹΣ˱ΧŹˡ
ѩȻѩȻ׺ܺ񣬵⼸Ҳĥˮݣһļ룬˿ȫǰо۵һ͸г̣оԼܰ
ʱЩлڵʱˣܹȻлǰȻⲻ̫£΢ʱûʲôģϾлһپ͵óԵ˷ݵʳͶȡ֮ദķʽ΢ʱоͦõġ
Щ㣬ǸӵԼСŮڿѣûϽһһ㡣
ĺܿ죬֮ǰ˳ĵ˶ķЩ΢ʱԭֱŷĽ˵װġ
߸ߵʹֲڵʯͷӳغɢѩĺã΢ʱԶԶľͿЩصĽˡ
˷ܵĻǰСʯͷѾѩ񿴲һˣֻоһֻ¶档
΢ʱСĵĿоʱӦòѡЩι۲ŶԣͷĵĽˡ
ĶвĻԭڵͼеĻбǣһΪֻһʾ
Щ̽Сĵ뷨ˣ˳ܵʵҲԼ뷨ȥٲ԰Žĵˡ
ʯͷڶʱϱ飬ССģѩ˵ǷˣڵЩ϶ֱ˿ûŽˡ
ʯͷӽںϣڻů̼¯߸ߵ̴ֱ棬ģģ΢ʱԶһЩ̿ȥ¯Ļͦרҵ滹˿ܹ©һЩҽ
̿һᣬھȻů̴ֻѱסˣûмʱ΢ʱǺĲ졣
˷ӣɿĽ̴ѳڴѩǿˣ΢ʱԼЦˣôôҲĳŪ̴ѻ˷
ܿͱůڵģѵףܺͿ̷̿棬ʼˮ׼
ůڵķӣо̫ˣ̿ʼװԼСΪЩС΢ʱ׼ѾƵĵϣǱܿмѾϵĺˮϷ֮ǰڰٲ԰ǱõĲϯ˼㴲棬ݳһ߶ȥ
Ϻ̺Ӻޱ΢ʱ˸ʱ˯оرʡ
ͻСʱоůģǽóסϼˡ
ûô΢ʱֱĻŭţ˳ֽ֮ǰڿռˮҲ˳úõĲϴһ塣
극һУҲ΢ʱŴԼСƳ
ÿڴľǿСƳʱˣϵͳ壬ʾСƳƷˢ¡
Ʒ£
һͽ0.3g*20/
10mg*6/*5
άE50mg*120/ƿ
ȻҩƷֱǸ裬ͷ˭ܱ֤Լ
ǻû΢ʱˣոջʮְȻ˼ҹԵøͻأ
΢ʱվҿţ֪ǹ
װûȻĶܾĻᡣ
һŮС𣺡ãã



24 һ
΢ʱоĸƬһ, лԣǴ˿ҲЦˣΪѾſڡ
޿ɱ, ԼںϹ۲ע⵽Լ
ǶԷûǿǺ, ò
Ҳ㹻֣˭ô˵أ
˭ֻ˵, һԲأ
΢ʱĬЩƺûʲô⡣
ֻ, ˵, ã
ӣ΢ʱоʱûȷûʲô֮СĵĴţŷ͵͵⿴
һߴӰĿռ˸ʵŹ΢ʱǰһë׵Ӱ, ڸߴ󣬾Բӡ
΢ʱʮֵȷţȴһֻë׵ס, ˫Ŀŷ, һë׵˹һ˫ʪ۾Ŀ
һԳĹԿԳ׶, ȫԳеͣɲܺһ̸¡
Գǲ˵ģȴ˵ӦҲĩ֮Ķ
΢ʱе֣Ϊʲôںߡ
ֻţԼص֮΢ʱŷȷԷûʲô⡣
ţë׵һ£Ű˽
ڰɫԳСĵĴ˽ܴ󣬻ռӡ
һЩܿů¶ڻŪһƬʪġ
ڰԳЩ˼ĶԼĽŵ£һţŵڻıѩЩ֪롣
΢ʱӿռȡϰѣϵϵˮգܿͻָ˸ˬϰѷڻ߿ڰԳ
ӣŴ۾΢ʱ
ʲô𣿡
˵˻ӦҲö֮Ȼһ֣˫ֺʮ˰ڣָָķ
΢ʱ֣ʾȥ
΢ʱЩ棬ƺġ
룬΢ʱȻûʲô˺ҲܷδȻ
Ͳ֪ûˣϾڰԳôһֻʱһȭҲˡ
΢ʱúֵ磬ñӣһţХֱֱĳϹΣڰԳĵվߣȥ˴ĺ硣
Ϊչ΢ʱٶȣߵһЩ
һһںУƺߵĵκϤ߹հƵߵһ޴ׯ԰ǰ
դֻʣһ⣬ڰԳǿׯ԰ֽ΢ʱСĵķ˽
΢ʱΧֵĽŷȻǼ޴ڶ԰
ڰԳ˽ȥߵᳵ·Ĵ˶԰Ĵ
ȻůͲ١
Ϊ˷ֹڰԳٱԼ˽ȥ
ֵǰйĵطζ治̫ţһЩС
һ΢ʱʶһţһ˻УһֻͬߴĺڰԳӣıè
ڽ俴ֻСèһֻܽ
ĺڰԳæ˰֣ŷŷָָ΢ʱָָŴڵĶŴӽŵԷ
΢ʱվߣ۲߷䣬࣬Ҳûʲôرĵط
ǽһЩͷСζԴڴˡ
ɫĴиһŵӰ
ڰԳ΢ʱ˹ȥϵ˹űӣֻ¶һǸŮ˵ڴЩʡ¡
΢ʱһ󶯾жﶼ̽ͷ̽ԵĿڰԳѾҳһʼеĶ
΢ʱŮԴѾպͿˣȴźıӣǻҴסˡ
ŤͷڰԳеĶ֮󣬴һֻԳСŲߡ
ôȴûָָϵˣ˫ֺʮĳ˰ڣ۽ǾȻ˼ᡣ
΢ʱϽͷȥĵһֻЩªֲͰ͵ϣʪ۾ÿ
ֿı飬ֺ˺ϵĹ֮
ڰԳİ壬Դſ˵ϣë׵˫ֲͣĶ˫۾ᣬôֹס
ĶƺǸܵıˣĳ߿˴˫ƽע΢ʱ
΢ʱ뵽˽ˢҩƷôùһЩöȴôҲס
֪ŮǺǻԷֻ֮ɱԼָô죿
΢ʱһѣ߲ˣóһŲŮ



25 лл
ʵʶ, һˮȥҩƷҲȥˡ
΢ʱֽϵޱÿһЩˮմ˿ëͷϡ
һ, Աߣ۲Ůı仯
еĶﶼ, ڰԳҪܶ࣬ιҩƷ֮, Ͱߣ۲Ůı仯
Сĵš׾ѧ΢ʱӷŮĶͷϡ
΢ʱЩĽ, , ŮȻôεС顣
ͨԵԳ࣬һС飬һ·Ҳɺܶɣ
΢ʱҲô룬ĻҪĶһҲܶ࣬лԾ֪ˣȻǳԵҲࡣ
΢ʱпռ, ǰڸòôĶġ
ǺڰԳ̬׽Ҳ˾裬ЩԶԶĿֻѩ׵Ļ, ΢ʱһС, ¶һʵЦݣ˭ܾܾëףǹŵëס
һֻСĺڰԳ֣İǿͷ, һදʾõķʽ
΢ʱûоܾŪһͷļͷ۲Ů
˴һСʱʱ䣬Ůڴӻ˯ˡ
ۣڰԳǰ§סŮ§ס˺ڰԳԴû£Сݣñ˺ñ
һԵΧȥµˮйͨһʱеĶﶼֵǲгһ㡣
΢ʱԴŮڵķ¶һЦݣܿҪ־裬ĬĬ˵˴ʱ׼ܡ
һ֮󣬺ڰԳ΢ʱ΢΢ΧĶŮ̧һָ΢ʱķ
ڰŮֻǿ΢ʱһĴӴʶ뽫еĶﶼ
ڰԳܿ쳯˰֣һˮĶŮ̷Ӧ˹ʵ𣿡
ڰԳٵĵͷǰ΢ʱůůģһ˫ʪ۾΢ʱ
ллң
ŮǸм˱СǣˣһЦʱ׺ʮֵĸɾࡣ
ֻͷģȫһ
һ£֪Ϊʲô˲
ȷûʲôΣ֮΢ʱ˻Ů̸
ϵʯͷǱ߾סĻҵҰæġ
ŮźڰԳ֣ǵĸٴκ΢ʱл
Ůнᣬﶯ԰Ա⶯԰ÿ궼вٵǳ׺԰ڵĶﶼͦϲġ
ѩʱĲĶûиϻؼңһҲûֳȥ
󲿷ֵĶﶼںɥòײŽЩҴĶۼڶ԰Ĵܳ㣬ǵҲûΪԵķ
Ҳͦģỹں߱һԡ
⼸岻쿪ʼͲЩˣƶˡ
ʲôʱɾԮֱ΢ʱ֪֮Ѿˡ
ŵɫҰףŴ
ʵֻڰԳ仯֮͸ܵѾһˡ
ֻ½ܣЩë޼ҿɹ飬Լδ֪ǰ·
ĬãڱһԲСݽʳ͵߿£ѧƽʱӣԴ
ϻſȴøӼᶨˣΪǻΪԼԴС
΢ʱֺ˵һЩ֮󣬽Щ˼˵֪ʲô԰ﵽģллҡ
΢ʱһӣ⻹ԼأȫǿںڰԳϣ˳־ԷûжѾˡ
һУ΢ʱеȥˣҡҡͷվף뿪ĵͼŻһ°ɣ֮Ҫ뿪·߾С
˫ֽӹݹͼֽֽҽŻ
۾ǺȻ뵽ʲôˣĻߺ棬˱ȻѩҪܶ࣬԰н̤Ǳֿˡ
΢ʱǰһȷʵǸ⣬Žһյӣ΢ʱ𴽽ǣһϢ
ûϵҲֿþУȥ
ٵĳͼһǳõĶָ룬΢ʱֻڵָȫʧЧˣֻҲ֧Ų˳ʱģɫָ룬ֱͺ
Ȼ֮ǰ񵽵ڻѩǸ߿ɲ̫һ԰ľƷζķȷǳ֮Сӵľȷ
Сĺø˼ȣ֣صĶնôİˣҲҪúڰԳз֮֮߳š
СݸߣڽĶ£ȥ
΢ʱڲֿſͣˣŲӿʼѩ
˵ǲֿ⣬ʵһʱͣ⣬űѩѹ˺׵ľͽˡ
΢ʱߵֵͲСš
һȫг˿ռ棬ֿ˿ĳõľ̫󣬶ĿǷΧ֮ڡ
΢ʱܺã˲ֿ͸Сֻصʯͷݡ
ڵ̿һ͸о
СݽոսύŵĶ͸΢ʱ֣ɿ֮Ų˻ӡ
˵ţãá
΢ʱһʾſСſˣ΢ʱռкõϺõ廹вݮһԵ
Сʶľ׽˫۾΢ʱ
۾ǣеӳ΢ʱӰЦЦѧŽ˵ñ˵лл
СŬ֣ﻹڲͣľ׽΢ʱˮ΢ʱ˰֣ת׼ݣȴǸϤϵŮзз
Сݵ˵ѧϰ˺ܾãֻ˵ãѧĵڶлл
ôһ̴Сʱ˵ĮӣԸûи鲻Ӹ飬Сݵ֣



26 ΢ʱ
΢ʱ˴, Ȼûӣȴ쳣׼ʱ
췺࣬չͻеһ, ˿û¶ȡ
ĹǱƵģɵĴĻ͸
΢ʱһ㶼ܲȶ, ϵװڵж
ǽǵı¯, ӶůͣҲ̿ж
ŵĵطҪͺ, ΢ʱȻһ±¯, ǺѲֻҪ̹Ҳһͺˡ
΢ʱ˵ɾ͸ɣȽı¯š˿Ӿܴӵˡ
ɫĵǹ̶ڷӵذϵģ̼¯Ͳһˡ
ڣȥ̹ܡ
Щļӹֲ, һʼӦֻģûʵãиλӵҲι̡
һײܹ10ӡ
΢ʱȥ˸Ҫ³ˡ
СݺͽԶԶվڶ԰Ķ¥,
ǵǰ, С˲俪˱
ã
΢ʱë׵ϣϵݵζоЩᡣ
΢ʱ˺һǻ˻֣ټ
ڸ¥Ľų˻֣ټ΢ʱ, Ҳ˾ͳȥ㣡
΢ʱµƲס¶һõЦݣûлͷ˻֡
԰ԭԽСֱͣ ϵ·ߣԸոǻѩġ
û˿Ҳóռгˡ
оһ±̫ˣгװһ£µ̥ڳ֮ǰһƶװá
ֻҪȣѩȾͻݺݴؽǰȥ
ȻЩ죬ǰķʽҲһģѩһȥװֳȥʮԶ
ֱЧ֮񣬱ﳵ֪˶٣ֳ׷ӣҲᴵϡ
ɲȫƾǰжյĲʱײ
΢ʱһʼĻСģֱȫŷˣֱûʲô
лȫ׷Լˡ
ܵﳵԶСʱֵܵһн·ˡ
˶Է࣬ܶ·ڵͼûʲôעС·ϣ÷Խɽ𣬵ʱ߲ɽϾ͵òʧˡ
˺İ΢ʱԭԤԶ·̾Ȼ̵ֻʣˡ
û¶ȼƣ΢ʱ֪ߵΣһƬľɫ
ϵһܹЪŵĳѾ쵽ˡ
΢ʱҶĽʲôϽ˸õĽȥˡ
СɽҹװȣķѾѧֻʣһˡ
ϸֲˣڿѧȥС¥滹ǺõģͰĵס

лԭһϣڶԥҪҪţ΢ʱܳʲô飬ﻹ̲ס
һֱԭصǣϣ΢ʱܹͻȻǰ
¼һһĹȥˣûʲô漣
΢ʱûлѶȫޣлԼšüͷûС΢ʱȥˣǲЩ˰ˡ
ֻ˵Ѿ뿪
ûмʬ壬л벻ףΪʲôҪǶ
ֱСƳõʣźȻʶˡ
л벻ͨΪʲôժףŶԷԼϵĴ˳˼
ڲпǰѡƭԼ
Ϊ΢ʱ˽ڣлԲԸôϢ뿪ˡ
Ҽ׷΢ʱ߹·ϣϵĵȺ档
ûпռ䣬еֻôţ·Ҳɽг
ôһ·İĵ˶԰ĸ
һʯͷݣӵı¯ʹùĺۼǶûˡ
лԵ۾˲ˣЩţ΢ʱǲǾ
ϾֻƧĵطͲˡ
ںܸɾûʲôۼ
΢ʱƺˣû
лԽеĶŽ֮󣬷ɿĳѰ΢ʱĺۼ
Ȼע⵽˶԰ĿĽ
һЩߵĺۼڸǹлԾߵ˽ڵλ档
͸лԿƺӰڻζЩ裬ЩˣѾˣ΢ʱʱ˵Щʲô
¥µӰǻ˺ܾãЩţ¶Էʲôˣһֱǻ¥ûûôˡ
СݵĽʮİȫУ΢ʱĻܻȦ̤˵һ
򿪴˺
СװһԵѹʮ㡣
ƺЩʧῴŰȫ룬ʵˣûмһôߵŮϴźɫ޷ҵѡ
лһЩ΢ʱ˲;ʶǰ˺΢ʱʶǲû΢ʱʲôѣȻҲһˡ
ϵõĻΪʲôͬУҪ
װ֪ûϿ뿪ɣҪȻҲˡ
˵ߵСҲƾҪǰлʶȤ뿪ˣıӰЩįͦεЩ˼֡



27 һʧǧź
ϴ, ˷ڣҲҪȥֻҪС
ֻܿ, ׼ãȻ΢ʱĽŲ, ȥ
Ȼڶʱûģıѩ֮, ûвǲܻȥģ, ܵȵ취
΢ʱ뿪ķ, ʼʰҪߵĶ
߰΢ʱȫȻ֪лѾڵλˣ룬ԷٶӦҲȥǲ֪ˡ
ѩۼԣһʼʱԶԷźۼ׷ֻҪûѩ, ͺױ¶١
ڽںϣûʲôۼܹ׷ڵλãҲܲߡ
¥ˮ, ûôװ, ΢ʱǵԭʱסַӣͽװģ, ûǮװˡ
ˮ෿ǻо䣬ķȡůõ߲УȻˮը
΢ʱһС䣬κμҾ߶ûУŴˡ
֮ǰʯǱߵ̹װϣһǿԷţֺʵġ
ǴЩ©磬΢ʱһӸˡ
ںܿůʼн·̣ߵĺ棬ˮ·һ·Уһٹˡ
ƽСʱ͵ˣһƳӻѩ壬쾹ȻôԶߣоԼܼȥ
ԭʼ˻ִʲô
ֻҲԽԽأôԶˣȴôͣѵ˵Щͬڱ
ֻߣǶǼԵģǺߵĻ߾ûˡ
΢ʱſⲻЩ꣺ϵͳ㿴Ȿĵļôûߵ
ⶼѾİٹˡ
ߵֱ߾룬Ѱ·߿ˣĿĵֻʣһٹˡ
ͼϵ·Ҳ࣬΢ʱմϵϳ
ϵͳǸİûȷָʾϵͳ޷Ϊṩⷽİ
΢ʱ°ɡ
ϵͳءõġ
΢ʱȵȣܸܲṩһЩ·߱
ϵͳǸʱûܡ
΢ʱۣԼŭҪʲôûʲôǶԷһռ䣬֪ɡ
򿪽ĳƳƷʾˢС
Ʒ£
˻*1
¿ͨѶֻ*1
ǿ*1
΢ʱЩɵۣʲô
ôǵ豸ʲôѾڱ涼ůͰɣ
ŵ˵ﶼǻ¯ˡ
΢ʱǰһڣо쿪ûõĶ
ܿȻˣȻûûģǲ߳ȥҲ˵滹ܹġ
ϵͳ
΢ʱһ

ͷܳ𣿡
˵֮΢ʱԾϵͳĬһܹˢЩŹÿϵͳĻᡣ
²аɡ
΢ʱۣеļӣʲô˼Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵ˣҪԱ˴ǲʲôˡ
ԺϤû΢ʱ֪װˡ
΢ʱһĲֱϵͳ
һյ翨á
΢ʱԱڴϣϵͳһյ翨ȥĿϵͳֵһġ
֮ǰЩֵתΪ֮󣬲ûʧǱϵͳ
࣬ϾҲûаﵽ΢ʱʲôȫûĵġ
Ļ˵΢ʱûɱˣû½ֵϵͳһֱߵ״̬΢ʱûʣҲ˽Щֵ
һˣϵͳ޷˵ѣֻʵ³ˡ
һյ翨ȡãܷͣŽռ棬ǳĻ㣬һֻҲˡ
΢ʱҪţһ˼ϵͳԺпտҲûشƾգϵͳ˵ǰˡ
΢ʱЩ˵Сһһ̲סóֻ˻Ϸһ춼ûӴֻодһܡ
˳ϴ˸ˮ裬΢ʱ
ʼڴ·̣⺮ХŹǺůıн硣
ֱڶʰ˶³һֱֱŤ˵ϵͳҲûлӦκεĻ
΢ʱһ˵ϵͳСһߴС󷿳ˣߵĵһֱ£÷ʲôȵĻС
ܾЩԣһĵģôһֱ£һ۵ͼûģ·ߵָʾʾˮ
΢ʱ̤ѩһֱǰǰһƬããѩأŲ֪˳īĲǺֻҪϰܱܿġ
΢ʱţо¶ԽԽͣѩȣ׼٣ȻоһգֲʧظϮһֱֱ׹ȥ



28 ˵ľģ
ǰľɫʧ, ֲʧظн1룬΢ʱֲȵ˵ϡ
ڼٵǰīɫ, ǰɫһƬհף΢ʱɿĽī, īԭû紵ǰҷɡ
ժī, ΢ʱŷԼƺһٲ֮У׼ȷ˵ǽ˱ٲ
һʼ͵¶, ͺöˡ
Χٲչ, ΢ʱٶԽԽ죬ΧǼӲıûиɲĻᣬǰ壬߾ķһļֱɵȥˣ궼Ŷˡ
ûлôѩ, 񳵶ûôٶȣֱʱǰκεϰһײķ, ȫʬ
㶵ĸоʧ, ˼ʵıϣ΢ʱǿס
ǰûʲôϰһƬ㹻Ŀ֮ǰڶǱ߻Ҫ㡣
֪˶, ܹ٣ͣһСǰ棬ͷһոճĵطѾһСˡ
΢ʱܿĺ棬ںӵм䣬ؿһƬѹӢ˳ɵĲԭ
ŵµıɫǰɫģǻҺɫģӿĺˮûʲôԣ΢ʱǱѵ
֪Ƕ̫ʵˣŻеɻǲЩ
౻紵΢ʱ߻ȥ˸С򿪵ͼ
Ѱ﾿УƺѾԭϼҡ
΢ʱָ˳ŵͼһ·£ѰԼʱķ
ָȻסͣһϡ
΢ʱ̧ͷոչĵطȻѾԶˣܿԶ߱ѩĽ
һˮվբϷѾȫסˣ֮ô¶ȣȫΪҪܴ
ôˣһСľͻˤΪôõѩ΢ʱɲڴȻǰСʱܶ
ںӱߣвʪЬģ㲻ûеˤ
΢ʱͼ·ٿĻҪߵԭˡ
ܾߵĵθԭЩƣ֪˵ļǲһģԭʱ򣬲ס
΢ʱĺһҧʮ¾һĻѩСܲˡ
ովһ亹ȻڴٸɵģǾúܲܣܾϻӡ
΢ʱűīƽ̹·ڴϡ
⸱īһ㣬Ǵڣõīô
ǰ΢ʱѾ˵ͼı߽硣
кȻʼƮѩ΢ʱ̧ͷһƬ˶ѩķ羵档
©ƫҹ꣬ĵùһһ΢ʱĨȥ۾ϵѩȻڲ磬ѩ϶ǰˡ
Ҹطֻİˣ΢ʱͣ£Զɽ
еѩȺȻ΢ʱǰһĨɫ
˫ֱҪһƨѩ
æ߻ȥѩأĨɫӽ
ͶƬһȷķֽߣһѳӣطָһ紺̣һǧ
еѩƮ䵽һʱ漣ڻΣڸϡ
ǰҲ΢ʱͲŻۣͺطƴһ㡣
һƬ֮ϣȻȫͬ˼˵ļڡ
΢ʱѩȣһѩϣһθܵôͣ
һϵıѩѸٵڻܵһɸúЩѡ
Ͻˮ϶Щ̡
΢ʱٽеĻѩװŽռ棬ǸողųѩأЩӦ˼һ£ѵϵ޷ֻʣһĺڴСĸ¶ȡ
ƽѵ·˾ķӣ߲ˣ֮󣬻Ǿúȡ
ֱ˶䣬ϵˮŸоһ㣬죬ҲȫȻǣġ
ڵϵαЩѵĴؿٵţΧһƬߴֲϡɼһѵС·ȥ
ոĺӱĶϲ㴦˳ˮ࣬ˢһƬɺȱˮء
ֵǣһƬĺӵԣȻ˿ˣˮҲɲѴڣ΢ʱЩɻ
ȥһ̽С·ԺȻ߳һˣһÿĻ·Ķ̿㣬΢ʱʱһ㶣ɫĺ˭ôģ
΢ʱЩ£ҲеĲƣʲô£ҵΪʲôҲ⣿
˷ŭˣ˦Ҫ΢ʱȥӾǴˮģκ˲ܿǱҳ㣬ʶԼ
˵һͳ˹ȫ΢ʱ˵뿪Ļᡣ
΢ʱ˦˦֣иֹѩͱȥ˦û΢ʱһһڵϻ
΢ʱûиᣬԲ˸첲ֳ˼ֱţҲ
˵˵˵˵
΢ʱߴʣ˱һϢһ΢ʱס֡
޵ķֲѪᣬȺţˣҪ˵ʲôҶˡ
΢ʱյߣһʱûзӦʵûʳڣһֱŶԷѰ˼˵ΪʲôôӲԭԼʳˡ
ﵽô£ΪʲôΧ
ڵϣ㻺һ˵΢ʱʲôԭʼˣĩʼôˣôʲô֪Ƶģϻһһʮ˵ˡ
ԭϼһƬطĩʼʱ򣬴ﵽǰδеĸ£ˮڵĴˮɣȫܵ˸µϮļˮԴȱͳĶ
ֻ߱ıϲȶˮԴ
һЩͼı˾ռˮԴĳڣ¢ϣڵľҪˮԴҪϸ߰ķá
ⲻʲôùֲﶼװ˿ԭˮȦǮ
һЩûǮֿʵ˾ֻðսѩȥѩ
΢ʱŷߵѩٹˣ¶Ӳĵ棬ҪѩػȡˮԴҪиõװ
ڵϵ˵֮˹ȥ΢ʱûзŹ˵ص˶ʲôö
ոû治һܴùԷԵķͷģʹˣҲ򲻹΢ʱ
ԱߴеСӣֺӵ˵ϢأƽʱסеĶɴˮûֱƽȱԴЩġ
Ϊģ͸Ÿ΢ʱӡ
΢ʱ˽ȥģйζĳܼ򵥣ڹʳһŴкܶˮ
СһӦȫƽʱӦǲŵġ
ע⵽滹һֵĽͿ㣬Ѱķݲ̫һ֪ǸģⲻҪͣڵĶù֮֮ǰھƵõĿͰˮŽռﱸá
Ȼ֮ǰҲкܶ࣬ǶװδȻ
΢ʱװԭڵļҽ
û֣˿ϵͷɱ˵ȫ̶Ӱʧ֪ȥηǼȴʼ˾
иڻ⣬ֻ¶һֻŵˣǱûлӦֻʣһƬš



29 ˼
ˮߵ¶, ǱȱĵطҪ첻١
Ȼմӵͽĸµ΢ʱǾúܸˡ
ٲΪղ񷢳, ʳҲһıϡ
ӦñȺúܶ࣬ǱǴݲ, ֲȫû, ʳȡůĶľǱ߾ǵ·س
˵һȻڵҲûõȥ, ΢ʱҪĶ
ɱ˵һֵ뵽, ϵͳ̵ĸ΢ʱһ
ƢĿ죬ȥҲڻΪ鹢ڻ΢ʱ֪һζûС
еһжӦõģ
΢ʱôţȴ̲סʼбѵҪ̫ˣ
ϵͳһë, Ҳ᲻ġ
˵ٸһţҿҲܾ˵ӡ
ϵͳûˣ˵̫QQ
΢ʱû취ʵ, Ҳˡ
Ȼ΢ʱյһŵ翨, ʵЩɣֻϵͳʶŻԼһ档
ⲻҪ˾ˡ
һ·, ΢ʱƬïܵĴ֣ľļߣΧеıʶ˸ʵ
Ӧһͽɽ·̨ѾԭˣԱһֻðһĺɫʷ֡
߲ˣûҵȥ·Ұïʢȫ߹ӡ
΢ʱóֻ׼㿪ݣ΢ʱһ㶣ֻĵͼϣ֮ǰûʾľֵ
Ȼˣ
óֲֻˣ
΢ʱܾϲ̽ͼ¸¡
Լλȷʵһͽ·ߣûߴǰ˰׵ӣ߳ɽﵽˮߵ·ˡ
΢ʱǰïܵĲݴЩˣΧľʮֵĸߴ󣬰˵￿ľʲôɽ֣ôߴľ
ЩӦöĩֲ֮Ҳһı仯ǰҲݴС·ûߣǲ̫ˡ
΢ʱ˿ȷû֮󣬲Ŵӿռȡ˹ߡ
磬С£֮ǰ־Ͷˡ
һʼǰĲݣ֮СݻֱýŲȥ֮ǰڰٲ԰Ǳߵѥӣ΢ʱߵķɿ졣
ȻľʢΧҲЩӣûһ˷ĺ棬ߵĻ˳ܿ˳ŵͼߵ˹·ߡ
·һ˵Ϯ΢ʱæñӴ˷ɹ֮ǰڶ԰Ǳߵĳó
¶ɣ÷һȦһ㣬̵ͷ͡
΢ʱоЩˣ˻ƵĿʼﳵԵڵҲûõȥ
֮ǰûиܹ¶ȣѩӦˣȹȣҲûиоʲô̫Ĳ
һ··϶ûмʲôˣ͸汻̫ڵ·Ͽ΢΢Ť
һɱµ˹Ϯ¶ûзʩĻڵˮֺܿͻᱻڴڵٶ죬ֻǵôǰԭ˵İ
˵䲡͵ҽԺʱѾˡ
ڻͶϳĲ֢˿ÿסľϡ
µ̫ǿ䣬ʱ䣬ʱѾ·ݣһȵ·ݡ
΢ʱһƬ·ˮеˮѾףֻʣ»ǵཬ
ʬ壬һ·Ϲš
΢ʱҪĿͨһ£һһɶϮ
Ѭˣ֮ǰѩûζѬθȫޡ
һ߹۲ܣһų
ֻźŵҲˣֻкӱߵźŲŻһЩ
ԭõͼϵļҲ໹мʮӣĻܵˡ
Ѿͷ󺹣ͣĲˮоѾ쵽ˡ
·ʵڲʲô֮٣ЩֲܵӰ첻󣬵ɾˣ΢ʱҸطϢټѾߵˣؼҲʲô¡
˻·ڸķس˸ûסı͵͵˽ȥ
ǽسڲɽ棬ԭƬߵĲѾ˻ˣȻֲⳡĩж仯
߽ڰɽϵıɣ˵궼˹ǽ겻֪ʲôԭţ΢ʱׯ԰ǰ⿪ŵӷ˷
Ŵǹغõģֻгܹȥ
Ҳû滹ҪһЩ
΢ʱһ˹̱ڳ棬óռıˮһڡ
˵Ǳˮʵ֮ǰµˮǱˮһˬ
һһƿ֭óӸԼȷ磬׼ڣϸϸһСĶ
ܣǧˮһ׷ˣǺʹˮйϵģҪȷסǱ׼ܰˮϵģǼǮҪԤˡ
΢ʱһ¾ò˵Щˡ



30 Ѿ
, ĽŲңƺ٣ûʲôܹ˵ĵط, ΢ʱֻܴ˿š
һ˵˵, ˵ɨһ, ھҪסˮô˵أ
ְȽȥȡ
, СҲȥǰɡ
һ, ȰְⷿϾܽȥˣԡ
80һȣˮ߱㣬ҪĻȽʮĶԺǩβһһ, Ѻһ򡣡
нЩУķӵȻֹƺΪ۵ĵˮѻ𾪡
΢ʱоԼ˲ͽˣʲô͸, ͸
ʮĵ, оڷǮ
⶯˻٣һѿ飬رǮĻ, һȥҵˡ
ãżãǽҪסൽҪã
нͷЦտ˵Ϊţ͵ģСʱͿסˡ
һ߽˴洫յһͣ
һֱ΢ʱһʼЩţʱˣû˴Ҳͷ
ڳϵڣ˻ûؼңͿʼ˽⵽۵Ŀˣôо˶Բòˮˡ
ڴϴˢһֻֻóûźţ˵ûߣҲûѡ
ھûźţѵ˵ֻпӱߣźվŻ
΢ʱһɫ֮ǰŵͼ֮Ҳࡣ
¥һ󶯾ɨĺܿ죬֮ǰ˺˵СһҲ˹һֻڴŵƣ϶һΪʡǮ
΢ʱӳĳͷһۡ
ʵЩװĶǵ˳Ĭһܸо˼ҪƲˡ
ãǮҲûôס
΢ʱŵĴӲߵΧǽׯ԰
ߵ˴׼ҹУɽӦò㰲ȫȻЩӦöˡ
߿ɱࡣ
ϵ½˲٣һƬģ¹㹻ڿĵ·һյİĵƣǰ·˸š
ʵкڵĿĵط΢ʱóֵͲһ·оյĹˣ·ѩ￴Ҫࡣ
ûʲô棬֪˺βĽͷۡ
΢ʱͣԭļǱ߸ϣ֮ǰĹ·ǸĸСʱ;Ϣ΢ʱ֮ǰ͸ϵˡ
ԭĹмҵľλãǺܷ
ǰССĹԢ¥ԭڵλã̧ͷһϲ㣬ıͤͬ裬ֵԱΪ´ְˣƸĹλεˣҲʽ
СԢ¥ͦߵģ£ǽװɫģڳкۡ
İʩҲֻܲסˢĵſ΢ʱҵǸ¥ƿ˽ȥ
¥ڵζţͣˣǺģͬˢţ΢ʱĿͲ֪ȥˣ֪ỹܲܽš
˵ҲǵùէСûǮû飬Ź⼸ûǮӣʻѹե˵Ĺ˾ְ
ȻҸ͹ƽȵˡ
㲻㣬Ҹһţ˭뵽һȥ˵
΢ʱˢģûڰҹй䣬ոһ·ûʲô˳š
һЩˣûмĻϰ廹ǱˣЩġ
ҲûУһȦ˰ȫ¥ݡ
ںҪҸطúõ˯һ¶˯ҲûаȫУûǮҲסƵʲôģҸطһС˼Ҽû֮ǰô
˼ȥֻܻˡ
һʮ¥΢ʱƽһ Ϣ
ûԿףֻܼϣܷԿ׵ĵط
һȦ֮󣬲ûпʲôԿףϵĿҲ鿴ˣֵǣ֮󵽵ģȴˣ΢ʱҪ鿴ʱոշĶƺȴ˷ˡ
˴һ˭棿
΢ʱһ˵ѵѻ𣿾Ȼû⡣
Ĭ˼òûص˷ִһ˭棿
֣͸ղŵһģһһ仯ûС
ֻųģӦŮŶԣԭеĺ⡣
΢ʱ֮ͨСĵĳǣһвԾܡ
ոǾ仰˭棿
׵ȷˣڵòͼˡ
΢ʱɤӿڣһˣš
˽ŵ˲Ϊ˾֣һ˺èۡ
濴΢ʱ
ȥѩǱ𣡲˵Ǳߵûһ𣡡
ֹţеĿ־ʤ΢ʱȵЩͷţûԿףҿһš



31 벻ȥ
ڵ˱˵, ˷ٵӻ˷䣬ûҳ
·ţ˾ͽƵġ
ŷĪСڷ, ȵĸоøոսԶһЩ
ʮֵ飬ǲҿŵԭʵһ, ΢ʱڵʱһֱˮ磬˵, ˮҲһܿĵز
΢ʱеǮ۹ˣпˮ翨һѾծ̨ˡ
ʳ, ڵĶˡ
˾΢ʱȥŽĵطѩص, ӦѾˣҲûʲôû뵽˻иһ죬ҵ˼Ǹţеһв¶š
ڵĴҲǺܺã¸¾ٶˮϵķ, ĿǰҲûʲôİ취ֻܸɵš
ŷʣˮʳ˴⣬ô, , ˱ھҲæЩС¡
ˣƾô˵, ˶װˡ
΢ʱЩƣ˲Ҳû취зˢߣĹҲʡ
΢ʱ޹óֻͼһźţȻ綼ûеĵطźҲǿϵϷҲв˿ˡ
΢ʱ룬Ӵ˳ȥҪȥ̨
ôȵ죬ǲܲģȻ
ȵĴ΢ʱ¿˿һƬҰ̫ãֻܿǰҵ
΢ʱǽƽ̨ܴһȦң̫ףƽȳȥҲЩΣա
΢ʱһֻèɵĲǽȷ֮ŷſ֡
¥ΧСڣûһŵġ
΢ʱ뵽СʱũӣµҹҲĺڣ¹Ҳô
ֻǸʱӴ˸ǽˡ
ŷ磬һ·ϣģ˲ûпơ
΢ʱŴ˲ϣ濴Ļһᱻһ
ϣȻš
ûʲôֻһЩˮЩ֣ͼͽԴ˽ȥ
ڰв֪˭һ΢ʱһֻεİڴϡ
Ѿˣץʱȥ
ȴ룬Ӱڿֱֱ֮ĳ˹ŷºݺһƣ֮󴰻һ£΢ʱְǵĺܽ˿
ĪСûбƶһҪѾĽţ΢ʱһߵϣֱ˳ȥ
˺⣬ÿ˵ķ䶼ǶģõҲһⲿռѡ
˿ԲţΪʲôҪ
΢ʱץŴһͽˣΨһķ䣬ƺţǲ֪ǲԭķˡ
֪Ϊʲôۼѵһ
΢ʱоԼۼˣһ䣬ǹûϢõƣоӿ
˻ĿûϢĴ㡣
΢ʱ֮ŷºĪСûһʼĺ£ôģڶӦùȥ
ûж˵ϻɫĳ΢ʱ£
յĸ˺䤱ûϰʧȥ˾Դˮ޵磬۸߷ɣ˻ز˼ң˶ϵѾ˱ıԵˡ
΢СĴ̼˵ѡ񣬶΢ʱ
˻ҲĻ롣
΢ʱǾһ᣺ڳȥոҵ飬ҿԼ̡
ȭͷ侲Ĳ񻰣˿ûиող㱻ȥĽŸС
Щζ΢ʱо˵ķʽʹǰȫһˡ
ǰǵͷ˵ΨΨŵŵһദӡ
ִã㲻ҲϢˡ
һʼϤ˺棬Ķþãþã˵˵ˡ
ǱʶܾǰǸСõ΢ʱڶ۾ȴһëȻĸо
˵ıܺԽǺ£Խٵİǰ
ŷĳߣһʪ΢ʱȥǶ֡
΢ʱԼոտ˵ϻҪȥˣӦô͵ĺ˵
һ˿룬ѩغúܶ࣬ӦòôŶԣԼˣǻԼķ䶼ϣ΢ʱԼĵʵ̫ˣԲô̤
ǰĶΪȭͷһȭȥһŷ¼ƲҪ̧Աߵ΢ʱһϥϣʹء
ŷã־ֵĿԼȱһߣȫʹϾˣʲôصԼȶҵʧȥ֪һ㡣
ĪСǱŹðǣ֪ı΢ʱǸոҪ̧Լһͳ˴⡣
׹صľ޴¥ڣû˳ŷѾŰ֣΢ʱûзŹһԴϣŷĵˡ
˳ȥͬһ졣
΢ʱ̾˿ֻصﰲĵ˯ѣΪʲôôͱˡ
ҲСңѵʲô캦飿
΢ʱŤͷ˷ͰˮȥȷһȷʵԭģﻹмװֽǿһֱûгŹԵĶԭ֮ǰĶڻ
΢ʱ鿴һֿĿĵˮٿ˷ＸΪˮѣֻʣ˷ŭ



32 Ѱ
в, һծ̨ʲô˼
Ϊһ¾ˡ
΢ʱ˷ͰˮǴͰ, ΢ʱôˣ֮·Ŷȵġ
˶ԼҲǺ, ЩӦö֮ǰϵģϾˮͷѾˮˡ
ĩտʼʱͿʼӼҰ칫, ̫ȣڵʧҵʼ˺Ҳʧҵ, ǵ, ֪ڻʳ
ţ΢ʱûд򿪱䣬Ѷϵ磬״϶Ҳ̶á
΢ʱ˶ڻʳս˿ռ䣬ʳﲢ࣬кܶ඼ˡ
ֻͰˮܹʹãҲս˿ռ䡣
, ͰѼɨһ顣
΢ʱŷ˵ĹߣѲ˵ҵſڣȻģ΢ʱĿ, ˿ɾͻ߳ˡ
˵ľƵϱɫѪս͸, ǲûɱ˵ġ
ֲøոտʼȥ΢ʱҲȻĶˡ
΢ʱϴһڵذһɾĵط֮
ƽƽС, 㹻ľˣȻһЩ
ذҲ첻ȥ˺ͳ棬ָڸɽȥ
΢ʱſռóı飬оһЩˣ˲¶ҲһЩ
ȵ⣬΢ʱСƳ
쿪Щˣⶼ϶ˢˡ
СƳƷͻʧԸѲ
ȲĴˡ
ϵͳתȦʾƷˢУ
̫ܵ*1
ˮ*1滻о99
б˿˯*2
΢ʱϲ˵Ķ⣬˯˾ͷ
жûҪġ
õϵͳǲ֪ʱ򿪹ˣϵͳĬû˵ȴʾ
΢ʱ㿪һ̳ˢµ֪ͨ²ĵ㿪̳ǣɲܵȴ״ö
̳תһȦ
ÿյ翨*10ػ10֡
ǹ*1500֡
*150֡
΢ʱЩզ࣬εĶˣ̳ҲûгֵʱϴĽɫ˵Ǻˢˡ
ʵϴҲ𣬵΢ʱȡɣϵͳĿӡ
ֻ850ֵת֮Ҳֻ8.5Ļ֣ٵĿ˵Ķ
Ρƶ΢ʱĵĹر̳ǣϸϴһ֮󣬻СƳոˢ³б˿˯¡
ףԻŴֻħ˯¸ǵƤ˲ͽˡ
΢ʱоԴطͣġ
һ˯мûر
΢ʱӵоûд˯ӲذЩᱳʹġ
ⱻ˸ʵȻȣҲܡ
΢ʱ򵥵ϴ֮ʼһٰȵķ
Ȼûе磬̿Ҳ
˿ţţճʺţ㣬΢ʱûзŹͣ˵㺣Σֳ˵㲤˳ԡ
ʳ׷ֱһ͡
ʰã΢ʱ˵ϣ˵ʵ̫ȣûʲôë
̵ȥ뷨ûУֿһγƳ
Ķ̫ˣĶƽƽ棬ֱǣ
ֽ240*60
Сֽ18*5
Ӥʪ80*20
һЩƷ֮ǰ˲ٵģЩֽŵһЩеܱûĺã΢ʱ⡣
ڹԢƽ˼죬΢ʱʼˡ
ڼ䣬ƳƺûˢʲôϡŹֵĶˡ
еֻһЩԵĺͺȵģϵͳ˵ֻƳʲŻḻһֱƽĻֻά衣
ͨʵУЩҲܹͦģĩ
⿿ô㶫һСľ촦ˡ
΢ʱ¥¶ûȥվ˿˵ʬѾ౻ɹˣһЩ뻹ķֽ
ǸȻĽⳡ⼸¥Ҳʱз¥浽ڻûҲ漣΢ʱע⵽ϵשͷǺɫģӦ֮ǰ¥̫࣬һֱûµġ
ϱķζƺӵˡ
ÿ΢¯ڻĻͣȴȴһᣬһֱЩͳһʧȥ
΢ʱǽϵʱһţ»صĺӵԣź֮󣬿
ÿĹϽʽͬûȥѩˣطҲûǡ
еֻܿԼ΢ʱϵͳİŮƺǴҵʺĵط
Ҫߵ·ֻܳܶݵͣϢ
ʱѰʲô˳ûȣҲû취չ˵ôˣ˶ˮ͵硣
סڽˣһƬϡ٣ȻҲ΢ʱṩһЩ
ŵʱ򶼲̫˼ˣƳгͿԳȥӱˡ
΢ʱ⼸ǵһ¥ոߵ¥¾¥˱Թ
Ǯ磬ϴҵɱСԵǸŮطûأôôû˰ⲻҶʮСˣˣ



33 ³
΢ʱĸоЩ, ֮ǰˮ߱ɱˡ
ô֪ɵģ
оԼûʲôۼҪưҲûô졣
ֻһܣˮź, ʲôװãǱĵˡ
ƺò̬, ΢ʱ²Ǻߡ
ݳޣʮһȵĵ, ˮ߿㻹װ˼أһȫǮ
Щ뵽ˮȦǮҹͲȱˡ
΢ʱת, ¥, ˽˶¥ſٵ¥ɫ뿪ˡ
׼ɵ˴ݾߣô죬û취׵Ļصˮˡ
˵ģûʲôأҪץǳѡ
΢ʱװ, ųص·˳ܿʹӽˮߡ
ϵɽ·ߣһᱻҶƤ, żŵ»ȵӵĳ, ĸоϴ죬ĵĲС
ѩܶˣ΢ʱǿ, ӦһᣬҲϰˡ
߻ˮߣ΢ʱ֮ǰǸԶԶģֻĿѰźţ㱻ĵҲûϵ
ǱȽСĵģֳַһԼսƷ
Ҳɱˣе֪˶Ȧˮˡ
ʲô˲Żԭ֮ǰҲţȻӸͲ
̶һ£ҲҪˡ
΢ʱֻڿӵĴֱźţ˿Ŵţʼˢֻ
ϸµٶȲûôͣͣʼǸصǰǸϢУ΢ʱܴ֪
ѩأ֮ǰȥĵط
غ˸£߳ϸиĻ
΢ʱСûʲô﹥Ϊ¶ʵ̫ˣܹ˲ˮȽϿȡ
ڽ˸ӵĲ˵˵¶ȣܼһᡣ
һ㣬ͲĿˣ΢ʱ֮ǰӣAIɵһ㣬ȭͷСϣ˸ߵ
С룬ֲֻ㶪ȥ
С˼ˣֻҪº͵£Ͳ̫Σա
Ŀ黹ںͷ仰дʵģֻҪܳԿ࣬ͻгԲĿࡣ
˽⵽ƺһۿУ˵һЩǱߵȻȣǸ¶ȡ
طֺвֻͬɡ
Ϣ֮ǰˣýĵطͣ˸£άѡ
΢ʱܹжǶԵģΪУŮҲĵطһطȶġ
ָˣεĿӵԶˣԺб󣬸ӵķҲӵİȫ
ǱҲȱ㣬пܻŮ΢ʱֻŮߵһ㣬ȵվȽŸ
ʱӦþûôùˡ
ߵ·߱ŮٶӦҪϺܶģȷж·֮΢ʱҪʼˡ
ֻģ籦ʣ֪ȥҪãﳵҹкܶĵأõֵͲû硣
΢ʱ²پҹ뿪ӱߡ
֮ǰ·ľ飬·ҲǵӦ֡
ûѩ·ѩ»÷գ̧ͷǡ
ߵĹ棬߼ʲô⣬Ҫܺѡ
ڹܹЧ߾ߡ
ȵĿ΢ʱЩϰ죬˲ˮԶҲܷ㣬ѩöˡ
һ·϶ûʲôˣ·ϵĳﻹиʬ壬ܿŵĲӬ˵Ľţճʬˮɣֻʣһ̲̲ɫĺۼ
˳ͳֵĲӬκĶ
ʵͦȫģϾ˲Σա
·϶ŵĳûӰǰĽŲ·ﳵͨ´ࡣ
΢ʱһ·϶ڸ·ֹϾȻвٵˣ޷ߣǻŻǱʳˮӻһš
ͷ棬ҵ·Щ˿ʮֵǱ֮£΢ʱҪúܶˡ
ʶԼôɾˣҲ̫ܿӣɴŪͷ˼˼ˡ
ϵζΧѾôˣֻҪͲ⡣
΢ʱгս˿ռ棬ǰܶӰһľ롣
еԶԶľע⵽гڵгǰ·ֻһôﵽЩ˵ߣѱᱻʱ˫ȭѵ֣һɱԽɾ͵òʧˡ
ǿڸЩһ·϶ûô˵Ĭš
΢ʱܿͷһ֮Ӧò̫죬໥֮Ҳž룬΢ʱǶĻԼȥЩΣա
ԽԶߵ¶ȾԽһЩȻȵ˴Ƿ紵ϵʱҲûôˡ
һ˲ʮӣ΢ʱ󣬴Ҹᳬȥüﳵ
һֱ˳ŵ㣬ûߵĹһˡ
Ƕ΢ʱ˲ûֻ̫ǾĿۣҲûųԶһЩ
ɫһ˲ǵĳ˹΢ʱҲʼպЩ˱ž룬İǿյǲ
ڵĳҲͦģȺû̫½ŵĵط
ȻǳţֻԱһֵؿָɾһЩеļһȦûλÿϢ֮ҲͶȥǱߡ
΢ʱվڵλԶԶĿţҪҪӲͷƤǰߣͿＸŮһֱ
߶ϵ˲䣬Щ̳΢ʱ֣ʾȥ
΢ʱŲź˹ȥ
ҪԵģҲֻˣʲôΣԼ˾ǡ



34 أ΢ʱһЩ
Ů˿, ȻǱһЩҲ˿ࡣ
ֻǸ΢ʱһ򵥵кûж˵ʲô, ֮󣬸óһЩˮʳ
˶Լ״̬, û˶˵ʲô΢ʱϲ״̬, ˶ԼҪûлġ
΢ʱűӿռ˵㶫, ЩϢ, ȻЩûʲô⣬ıܡ
΢ʱֻܿڱϣŻָ
·̫ˣﳵһֹԭܿ·̣ڲ˼ȶĿķ֮һ
ܾûмʲôˣȺеĸоͦõġ
л׷, һ͸Щһжˡ
ڵŮͼͥĺܿͷǸոкŮеһ
֮Щ΢΢ʱԸоߵİڼɵǱߵһȺԡ
ôоҲǰ·ģͥԱҲͦƵ, ߼ĵлص, ǲǱߴ
΢ʱĹ۲ţһİ̳ŲŲ£΢ʱ΢΢, ͼͳһѴӿʼȷ硣
ȷſеζƮ˹ʵ΢ʱЩܣǱȿȺöˣٷܴһ˿⡣
СҪȥģǶǵԺȥģһ˳𣿡
û΢ʱڣ½ͼ˵ĽܻϢһ˶ǴڳģѾ·ˣЩԴİ̶ʶѡ
ͥҲͬһ֪֪׼ʮھӣǼ˽һߣȥԺͶݡ
Сд棬û߶ԶԱߵһˡ
ҪһһУвζ˵ҲǺºͣ½鷳ֻ֮ͬάֱĺƽ
ֲ˿ǺܶԸӣԭǰ·һߵģǱ߰˸ˣʮ󲿷ֶ͵УȻ˶࣬Ҫָ˭ռϷء
½ĶԻʮֵзִ磬ʵһ䶼ûжʣȫǸĺõ䷶΢ʱо˴򽻵Ͷ˵һ㻰˳
ʲô˵ʲôʱߣ
½ӣսһЩҡҡͷȻû˵ʵЩˣֲʶҪôһҲ֪ע㰲ȫҪʲô飬Զ㣬߹˲ġ
΢ʱЦЦó½˵ͦ˼ģֺϵĸо
ɨЩɷˣƺҲڶԼƵĶ΢ʱ·һҪ
ޱջߣٿȥ̲סЩ첻Ƶڳ
΢ʱŤͷ˵װ
½׼㣬԰ѶŽߵģԼͽֱˡ
ЩֻǱЩɱİĶǺܶࡣ
Ѿ˵ĵزˣĶ߸ͲѴ֮
˵촽Ƥˮʡ
س½ȻЩ˱ͷȿҵЩͣ᲻״̬ǲӦǲȱˮġ
Ա֮£΢ʱԼ֮ǰĲӵʵˡ
˶Ƕڵϣȵذ壬ʱʱɨߵˣӲʲô¡
΢ʱ뵽ɱԽЩ˿ʵһ̶ˣ˵óġ
½һ·ҲûˣǱ·̫ɶˡ
΢ʱԼҪҪܣһͺǣԭڵϵ˲䱩ˣе͵س
΢ʱʶų½Աһ㣬ӵĹ˸գֻһѵ˯е˶ˣ׷׿ߡ
΢ʱͳ½˵Ķܴһ¾ֱ棬ֱ䣬΢ʱоԼͷƤѸٷȣϵˮѸٵ̿ˮоӡ
Աߵĳ½̵ֱ̫ģһθܵôʹ࣬ⶾֱ̫ǻ
½̻صû΢ʱһѡ
ϵķ״ǻһЩǸոûƤ̫ɹ֮˲һƬоٳһ㣬԰ϲ̿ʼˡ
΢ʱɫ䣬Ǹӹˣһıһһӳ˻ȥ
ովۿһƹ˵ͷϣ˵̱أʧȥ
һʱ쳹ͣȣЩ֮ˡ
ľʿڴĿ΢ʱ˲ûиǻᣬ˵֮һԵĳ
ֻг½㼸İ̷ӦѸ٣΢ʱһĹʹִ򣬰Ѹոɷļ˳ҽС
΢ʱлѧһ˵ļɣҳ飬רʹֱļ
˵۸ϴҿ챻ô죿
ˣˣ򣡡
˵Ľңⷴ΢ʱһЩӶӵָӵˡ



35 Ϻ
Щר䵥, ̽һ¶ĵߣɸչĵóˡ
΢ʱѾǽװ, ֵʱͿˡ
غ, ȻԱˣЩҲû̫, ΢ʱһ½ʣµļǶʮ˲ʮӣҲ
˶⼸һͨҴ
Ƣĳ½Ҳûס, Ƴȥ, ·˵ǣ˭ûǨչ˹ǼȻǶˡ
΢ʱ˵Ի·Ҳ޷⣬Ҫһʼֲͺˣ˵˫ûԸΪʲôߵ·ͷˮ
ֻ˵Ըӣӳô·
⼸˱, ̫¿ȻƣҲȫ޷âֱʩϿĳͷ
ϾӶѹô, Ͳˡ
̫µͬѼ, һͿĴ죬⿾ƵĹͬеˮɣձӲġ
΢ʱۿ˻㵯ƤƸ, Ͱ͵ıڡ
ڼȸɿʵ£ǽвġ
ֻܷ֨֨Թ޵۾ĿЩˡ
ﲢÿ˶޳ôģҲͬķĵ˵ﲻ
һҿ˹ĵˣϵ·Ͱ͵ģȴŬά棬Ǳ߼˵Ҳͬ顣
׼Ȱ˵ǵʱֱӱߵŮ˳˼ƣʲôʱˣͬķĸ˭ĵԼϾʵˡ
΢ʱԱ˵̬νݾˣһۣ˷ԼȫΧ˿ˣ޲ȥҪ
һͱܿˣ΢ʱҲסӣһ˶ЩĬĿļ̣֪㲻ĳĬ
޵Ƭĵطͼ˾롣
ҲЩͥĳһŲӣǱߣԥҪҪȥ½һкѼ˵ע˻
СΣҸոˣҲҪȥԺеġ
ո½ˣİ΢ʱ˹ǰ档
ͷİʮ꣬лӢ΢ʱոյıֺ͡
ǶǼʮʶˣԱ˴֮䶼Σ½˵΢ʱ˲л̬Ҳ׽һЩ
Щ̶ͦ壬ڸոշ飬˶һ̬ȡ
΢ʱӶԻ˽⵽лڻԺй¸ոձʱлȥһ𣬵᲻ߵĽãһҲûйȥ
ʶôˣǵãʱͳƴֹô꣬Ƿֲˡ
Ҳ˸Ҫۿ¶ȲˣǶߵġ
΢ʱʾ⣬ҲһѡڣаȫľѰıӻˡ
첻˻·յĸۿҪˣ¶Ҫ뿪ġ
лӢ֮ǰȫ׼ģźʱʱغ˵ͼ·ʵйȥһ죬Ҳߡ
Ŵͼɱ΢ʱĴֲڵͼҪϸĶ࣬˿С˳ۣѯ벻һߡ
˿ûбոЩӰ졣
΢ʱ˼һ£˵ģлĺô֪ģֻнٶʵ̫ˣ⼸֮Уųģ˵߾ߣǼͥϼҴڵľͲһˡ
СӺԴһЩˣнٶȲǺܿ졣
ҲԹһ·ʵʱ֤Ⲣٶȡ
ĬлӢʵզСΣл͸ֱ˵ûµġ
΢ʱһ۱𴦣Ѱ˼˵ҲǸл㣬ҾߵЩˣҴˮǺܶ࣬ٶȣǲ֪ߵȥҵʳˮ֧ܲŵǸʱˡ
лӢ˵ͷûΪֱˬȻһЦ֪ˣ֪ȥ·еͼҪҪ¼һ·ߣϾȥ·̲̣СҪעⰲȫ
΢ʱҡҡͷʾԼеͼ
ڵĽ̸ʱԱһ̲˹л㣬զѵͼһأǸˣܱܲǻװɡ
˵һͷ۾ˣۣûôƵע΢ʱ
֪ǿǺǱͲԸ
ô㰢˵ģͼǲҲ𣿡
ߺʮƵһվɫĿԼӡ
˺Цˣ裬ǽ˵ɶɶʮû˵ǸŮĶҪˣǶҲ˺𣿡
վİ̳Ϩ˻𣬸ոɫ˲Ǻ죬Щ²۵ûֹĻô˵˳
ЩȷʵǵнٶȻ̫ˡ
лӢҲվȭͷȻոյĻĴ˵
΢ʱرܵļˣֹһôãΪ˼˿ǣȴԹԼľȷģԽԽ󣬹ϾܾǺõġ
Ҳôõģ
ôأӢⲻΪչ˴ңɥģô˵ֻһ·ϣѵ࣬ϺС߶ĸûҡ
Ǵøһ߸ֱ߻ܶ˵ʱѱ˿컨׹ģôڷˣ
лӢһ䣬ߵļ̣û˻ش˵ɫҲʮֵĲÿƺǱ˽ҴϵףŭĴ޲ýߵ̻ˡ
ƺѾ֪˴𰸣һһɨЩˣһһ˵ãôãǷֵɡ
ԣ𾪵Ŀո˵һʱҲ˷Ӧ
лӢûǣתͷ˻΢ʱ˵СΣ¿һ£г֮ǰٶȿ죬ҲǿԵġ



36 
Ǳ߳׵ը, һվŭлӢǲв˵ô, ʵ
лӢ̧̧֣û£ֻ˵Ǻþۺɢ, ˵ˣҲҵ񡣡
ǰ, ô㰢ǣ£ԼܺĶ, ʡûֱֹ, ҪǶ𱨣Ǳ˲û¡ưǸԸֱˬˣͿ⼸ҿϵĻɫˣлӢһ˵Ѽ˶²̨
лӢɨһȦܣҶϽַˣ㻰öİɣ
ֲ˵, лӢͷأһ߷߲ƽļ˲ˡ
ȻҲرԵ, ոձ˵, ߴóһѵ˵Ե·ˣ³档
΢ʱĵĬĬޣͬ, ʵְǣô˼ҲȻ
лûаǵھӣæ֣Щ˾ôǱ֣ûΪ
ԵлӢʱͬˣ˻Ҳͦõģ˵һЩʺܺãҲ࣬ܶθڡ
Ƕгװ˲ٵһĲ
ڵھͿԳˡ
ͥеĳлӢԱЩĬ
òſʵӢҪ𣿴һ𲻺𣿡
Ҫ֪Щ˵ûصģô˵˵һԹѾãֿ˭ãҪҪһߣҲȫƾԸҲǿǵġ
ÿ˶ԼĹ΢ʱл㿴ĺܿ
½ԱߣΪոյĲʲôӦߴ΢ʱЩϢôİࡣ
ֿԶһЩ΢ʱȷûв֮󣬽űȡӸڵ˯ȷʵ۵ĺˣܾûôǿȵ·һʱ仹Щϰߡ
ոǿŴžۣմͷ˯ˣԼΧװãϻ˯£˲㱡ɹ£˯ʮʡ
һ磬ŹǷĳ½ࡣ
Էзִû˯ĵϣһط˯һʹ
ôһֱ϶ûʲô鷢Ǹ·ʵ̫ۣûʲô˵
ȵ˶˯ĻģһֱϣһЩ
΢ʱ˵㶫¿ʼ׼·
ź˵ԼڳȺ濴ԽҰг˳ѿռڵĳ˳
˳ǰ鿴ư̾һҵ̥ôˣ
ܰϧгΪҪĶҲܶ࣬û˳϶ĺˡ
΢ʱǰһĳǰ̥ȫȥ̥ſڵˣȥʮֵήҡ
˲̥Ǳ˴мһģʱ򻹺úõģôһͱˡ
ŭ˭˭ɵģ
û˻شЦһ˵֪첻˵ϺôֵԼˣǲǸоܺð
Ļư̵ǰŤ˵㿴ҺǰɣгǲŪģ
ǿţôˣ
лأư̵ĸӰС˿Ӱӡ
ǰҪæȴ˲룬Ͳ˵ìôˣܿ˾ͷֳʤ
ựҪϽս
ӣҪֱ̫˵ˣÿ
۵ɫҰף˿û˸ոŵ棬ڵƾôûˡ
΢ʱ˴Ĵָ뵽˽ӿռóһɽسư滻
мĿ΢ʱֵĿ³˻ѰңȴҲҲˡ
Ȿӿռóģûô׵ܵõߡ
һˣȳˣȫԥʣ̡
ȻٶɱȲ֮ǰﳵҲܿ졣
΢ʱ˯ʱ򣬰̫ܰһصλãѾˡ
˵̫ܵҲһˣϵͳƷƺԺǿ㱻̫ɹҲûлļ
֪֮ǰСƳЩǸʲôõˣȫԴתˡ
̫ܲĵʹãͽʡ˲ٵĵء
ںڰУһʻеĻ𳵣뻮һУٶȿĳ档
ǾУʮֵУûЩƿ֮΢ʱԸоٶȱˣŹ˼ܵԺˡ
ʱʱûͷûӡ
Խϣ΢ʱоеʪȾԽ󣬲֮ǰѪĸ
ʪȱȿȸӵѰһƤܺĸо
·ֲҲøӵĸߴ󣬸ʵǺһ㣬ѹڵ·ԣµ֦ǹצһòÿ·ˡ
עã׾ͱ֦һȻѾмˣҲһעͱ鵽ˡ
΢ʱܾģʱʱֻӿǰĶȻоǱʲôץסˣϢ͵Ĵǰһڡ
-----------------------
л˵



37 ɫɽ
ıһ˲ʶץס˲ڲϵĶ
ֻѵһ, ոջڸʻгʧȥƿأǰһ֮󣬵˵ϡ
΢ʱסһһĶ, ǹһε
ǰ󷢺ڣع֮ŷ, ԼȻ·ߵϡ
ϵεס壬˲ò, ǿסͷӣŲֱӱ
΢ʱϣͳڿռذ, ڲϵ֦жϡ
һ˲ֻص˵, ĴǰһƬƬķڡ
Ǵ˿̣ȴ쳣ѣԲֹһ˱
΢ʱվϵͳҲЩû°ɣ
û¡
ڲ΢ʱô׵ˣֵط, ʵֵ̫ˡ
ס˵֦Ǻܸߣ˶ֻľ롣
΢ʱץֱֲ֦ڵıƤĥۣԥĻӵ, ͣȥһˡ
ǰ󲻳, ˶ڵͬһ㣬һᣬ˲Ĵӵ, Ĵ
ѽ⡭Ǹոôˣ
֦סˡ΢ʱص
ȷӦлӢ̧ͷһͷ֦˴˿̻ڵϣЩסǲӵ֦ôĴԣûʲôԡ
½㳤ͣŵĿ֦ôܣ
΢ʱҡͷָű֮ڵϵ֦Ժͬһصġ
ôܣ㿴ЩпڣǸոҾʱŪġ
֦ΪԲŴôͣû֮˻ȥ
죬ллСΣô죡ưӣµ˵ɤӱյĺۣҲ΢ķһл΢ʱȱ˵һ㡣
߰ɣ뿪Ƭﻹ̫Σˡ
С˵öԣߡ
ԲֹǼУųǰһ˰ڳϵֵ磬ֵûбˤӵ״̬ҲãȻĻۡ
˳ĽгƺҪһĸ߶ȲУ΢ʱʾ˶ûվ
ʱһ紵ͷϴ죬ǷɵţƬĦ
΢ʱԼЩˣԳĻþʶֵ糯ȥ֦ϵӰӱ紵һƬƬ˸룬ǱƬһ졣
˺ƵĽвǱŵķ˲СĶ
΢ʱΪʲô֦ôߣ֦ȵ̫һ˾ͻᱻȵ̫ɡ
ǰЩһͺͺû֦ɣϻбĴӲƬ
ȻΪ֣粻˳ˣֲﶼڳˡ
˴Ķ£ϷƮĸʬһζƮ˼˵ıһֻζƽʱʵζ΢ʱһʳָ󶯣˿ֻ¡
и˳±ƳϽԶطԺȫǸɱ壬лε·һرȺãһƤͷϷ׻ʬĿнѳСɽмֻϡ
϶ʱĸоĵҪ󺰣ȴſֳֻܻǰ档
ߣ
΢ʱܲͷЩɴѹſڳϣųѣ⿿һȻ
̫ΪʲôʵûпЩдôϸĩԲǶڻˣ󻷾綼úܶġ
һ·ֱһɾĿŲǳζ
΢ʱֻܿٻߣ˶һ··ǿŹŹֵ˵ĳ徢һȥʮͣϢ
˶ոһĻĵĲǳʬƤǵӾ;öġ
΢ʱһȫǸɱʬ壬䶯͵ĶӦȫǲӬ
˳ӷֽ֣֮ǵЩƬԱ߶Ǻɫм΢ʱΪӦ÷㣬ΪЩӣϵɱˣԽṩҲԽ࣬ɱͷֽγһѭ·˾ո
ÿ뿪ǱѩظֲĴڡ
˳ĬĿ·ߵĻϢһᣬûһ˳Ե¶׼ʱ΢ʱһϸϸ
оϽк
ߣǿߣ
˸ոϳͿֵǰһֻ룬΢ʱһ񺮣סֵҲĳ嶯һηˣŵ뾿ʲôžܡ
һ·ѹﲻڿҶнĽǰ·顣
צҪ˵΢ʱϣĳٹ죬ǷֱˣļȻûôˣļûжϹ˽ĸ΢ʱ
ʱӣܾҲˣһֻɽ˰̵ĵϵ˿̳һڿ룬˱µĻڵء
-----------------------
л˵򵥵дһ£ ĸµ´ҿ궼Բ·ˣٵʱȥż棬ʱǱ߻Ǻޣź޵Ǹ
˵ˣףҶһθ



38 СɽϪ
泱ͬϫ, ̼΢ʱǰֻʣɵ롣
۾ԴҲ͸ϵĸооҪˡ
ֻԽԽ, ȫ˲ú˸ˣ˼֮, һƬ
һƬûͣӦǱߵʳ빩, ڷĳˣʮֵĿֲ
ͣ·ߣϻŵɾ, żǰ, Ȼû룬ﻹӦĲУ΢ʱоԼˣš
ʹʹϴ裬ûֻܱһһĿĵС
һЩ·ϲ, ߹Ķǲ
вû̫ѣһ·ô̶һϢ
һС˸, ȥ͵, СɽϪ񲻴Ӧû·һЩ
ӦҲûʲôǽôƫƧûʳĵطǸ;ϢĲѡ
лӢ֮ǰ棬˵Ǿ, ˵һС԰³Σ˵طһȻƬ
£ÿĵطҲôһ㣬յĲֿ䣬Ҹ԰һء
һǰÿҲʧʵľСʵ˳˷׷ױףһƬ
طոջȾȴԭӼʩûתͳ
˽ͣľµʱɫѾЩ΢΢ˣһƬƬȻ⵲˸ʵҰȴ˿ޣõʮƯ
ƬͬˣһȳĵУ·ԼҲһľ۴̲壬Ȼˡ
ʮףû˾ĴľҲļãһƬɫֺҶ̫´ⰻȻ
಩һϢؼܺ˻λ㣬ÿľɫôһȷʵ˵
΢ʱվһоԼ鶼ˣһֻȷʵͦǾܲס˶࣬һطֻܴһСᣬ˱𴦾͸оȻζǧƪһɣôʱ侫ôֲЩ޵²ۡ
̶ûûи˵ˣȫõġ
һƬľƵƽ̨ڸոձϮڶŪ̺Ӷһ٣ֱ˵ϡ
΢ʱĴһȦͿһϷһ
±治ʲܺˣҲûдɨЩ
ζܣûʲô£΢ʱо˶
ͳ½ѲһȦСɽϪԭƽ̨ߵСٲѾɺˣʯͷ׸ѣˮܾˡ
֮ԽСɽϪΪˮ϶࣬һЩɽȪģϣҵһˮܹϴϴ衣
ȻҲҲҸطóռˮϴһϴģʵ̫ˣ첻ϴϢ˵ġ
лӢȻҲôģ½˱·ˮԴ
΢ʱ۲ţҪΧľӣȷһˮԴ
Ѱҵʱ½㾪ϲĺһҿҵˮˣ
ԭ̯ڵذϵļ˷׷״ӵ½ڵķȥ
ڳԵ棬деҶ΢ʱһʯͷۡ
ˮСʹֻһˮֱ֮ˡ
ˮƽڵģֻһȪƷôĿնðɽȪ
һϲǺܿЦˮֻǿҨһ㣬ֱſȥȣûĹߣռ
ĿȪˮƿӸͽȥ˳˷Žȥÿֻһ㣬ҲǱˮнá
еİ취ǰ·ȥŪʪóšɣÿ˵·̫ɾŪȥҲӦĻţֻȡˮȡ
һƬˮۺܴǶڵڿԱߵܷѹҲͷ뷨
һȪ⿴òʵǺܡ
΢ʱȥû𽺹ܣ˵ˮˮ
𽺹УѾ˸ˡ
΢ʱ̾˿˼ô졣
ĿͶ֮ǰϷϣĿȪˮƿǺõģϸɽȪˮ˿ֱ̼Ǿһ㣬ڷ⡣
̽ˮƿ˳µģšƿȻûʲôζ΢ʱЩҺȣֻܽˮˡ
㵹΢ʱƿˮȥ֪ͨˡ
ҵȡˮİ취ˣ˭дһ
һ̷֣̾ңСУ棬Ҫȥá
΢ʱ˵ͷҪҸǶϴɡ
Ĵװ䣬һһ׸ߵķӡ
ƽʱںƳϣװʵãᡣ
ˣ΢ʱܿͿʼ𹤾
ƿˮȵȻóƿһףִӿռȡǽõī
īһ·һŽԲ׶壬߽ƿӹᴩīȵĿƿڡ
ˮƿȥʱīΪˮأƿҲܺܿװˮһīƿڵסһƿˮôȡ
ȡˮˮĹʮңֱȡˮ˶˷ܵĽԭʩеȡĶֳɵģҲû˻īôġ
΢ʱһϴ裬ɽȪˮһ˿⣬Ϻˮϣоÿһչˡ
ȡˮ˶軹ϴͷ⼸ǹıȽһˡ
΢ʱ˳ְ·ҲϴˣͲõȣһ·͸ˡ
ûţѼ·ϴˣûˣ֮һôˮ
Ͼ뺣߻Զء
һдˮ֮󣬼ó̺ԱߵϢ˵̣ȣƣȴδ˯˰Ĺ



39 ؿ
һѾǰ, ɽ¶ȱȱĵط࣬΢ʱűе˯£˿ûг, ˬˡ
˶ɽȪˮЩ᲻ãס뷨, Ҳֻһ뷨֮뿪ȥԺС
֮ǰ, ΢ʱռڵˮ䶼ˣ֪Ϊʲôһ, ĳˮСһЩ, û۵ôˡ
ڵϣ³΢ʱﳵ߿̵ꡣ
ƷֻǴ򿪽һ£ûüŽҲˡ
СƳƷˢ£
޸Ĥ12*1С
˸84g*1
480g*1ޡ
ģȻǻƷ֮ǰûмƷࡣ
ֲڵǲЩ̫˷ˣ
ﲻһͻǳ, Ҳϴ裬ЩƷ֮ء
֮ȷŰɡ
ˢµƷ
*1
Ʒ*3
ѥ*2
ƷУڶ, ЩʱҲû, ȷŰɡ
ûĶ΢ʱﳵ˵ˮЩˮ֮ǰѩһȥֱ͸ķ, ΢ʱϺþá
˺ˮǾòʣоˣ;úһȡ
΢ʱܰˮͱóЩֻԼˡ
һ죬ȻӦȵ˻ܵĲУķ綼ȵģʵ̫ˡ
ȥ˲ò;ͣĿһʱ䣬ڲӣء
ڵӲƷһֱջͿ˻ֻҲֻóһȻٷŻȥǴͳĻеȽϺá
̶Уʱ䵹Ƿ㡣
֮ǰָڸ»ѾʧЧˣ˸ɴֵ翴˵ͼ
Ѿ˿İٹˣɱ֮ǰѩˡ
˿΢ʱЩѩﻬѩˣʱǵ͵ڸв֪Ȼ޷ܵȥ
̫ܵĵĺ㣬΢ʱ綯ߣ֪ĸ죬綯
о̵ĳȼˣ·ϵսĳǼӣܳϵ糵һˡ
ֻôһ룬΢ʱ·ĵΧҹĹֻܰһЩ㳳ֵĳ
īɫԼ͸һ˿Բ̧ͷܿķǡ
ô࣬ΪԼڹ·гء
΢ʱϢһᣬվ˶ûжĵߵԱߣóռĤ
մӿռȡĤЩĤװţر
΢ʱСĵ˺һţûʲôζ
޸ĤԭҲù۸񰺹һֻҽԺܿһƬҪ߰ʮ
СƳ̫ȨˣֶҲˢ΢ʱϴ˰ĤСĵϡ
ϳøɿʵļõЩʹΪ̫ȱˮԵʣӦһᣬŸо
ϢһᣬﳵҲû̫עϵĤ
ڲûôȱˮ˶˴ʪ˵ڽ¡
ҲԹ֣ϣһʼЧʱһþͱˣòƵĲˮʪʵ鷳ĺݣĤ
ˮЧܰһͷǰ֮󣬼ϱ紵ˮʧͷûôˣ΢ʱоԼ״̬ӵĺˡ
˵ģӦǿȵ֮΢ʱЩ̵֮еĺĬһ·ϻͣ죬Χܺá
½㻹ó˵ҹͷһԣܾûгԵˮļݳһѡ
΢ʱû˼ԣӹװ飬ʵԼĿռ˵ˮԡ
ĺܶණóЩˮóͲʵһ·ϸﻵˡ
ﵽĵӣ˿ʼѰҽŵ㣬ѾʡسǣĻ죬ǾͿԵԺˡ
ɲôãˮԴɺԣСɽϪǱߣҪϺܶࡣ
ԭĺӵ涼Ǹѽڵأһ˿ˮԴĺۼ
гɶĺۼõֻʣһ׹ˣͺɫΪһ壬š
غӵľѾ룬ڻܿפںӰߵİɫ񣬻ɢҵƷӵڶȻס˺ܾá
Ӧǳڵ˿ͼӵӱ߿ˮѰһ˿ȫУû뵽ôĺˮҲɺˡ
Щ˼ڱЩҲûдߡ
Щǹŵģǳţ΢ʱҲûȤ
سѾûźţ΢ʱóֻһֺܿ˻ȥ
ǽŵҲһƬˡ
лӢһ԰̫ȣ¥ھ͸һƵģϢѡ
лӢĵͼȻϸҲûжԳڵĽо軭ֻܿѰˡ
ûҵ԰Ƶĺõطľס¥ĵңǿǲˡ
·ϵ˲ٵʱ䣬ǵʱ䲢ࡣ
û·ǰ£ֻĵ㣬ͬķѰҡ
аСʱңʮӣҲҵõûϲС
΢ʱųŬΧľɫʱ·˼Էزȥ
һչ¥΢ʱ֪ûϷˣ˵ĸ¥̻ټ
СǼţѾˡ
ûЧ΢ʱεĿܵĵ·һƬֱͨͨûκεֻе·мһСƬǿܵסˣҪͣı任λãûСɽϪ
΢ʱ̾˿ûϣˣ·߶̵ĲУһƬҲûʲôá
΢ʱгͷת˸䣬˻ȥ
ϵĤˣŻ˿ռ棬Ѱ˼´ǲǻһ¡
ȻĤҲѾˣٴʪӦҲɡ
ôص˳ʼص㣬ȥҲ½½Ļ˶һʾԼûҵʲô԰
֮ǰڹ·ϵӰ̫ǾЪڹ·ˣǱߵ񻹲Ȼ涼ҰɽҲҪˡ
˽ͣ¥ڵĲֿлӢŷĵ˳⡣
̫𣬴ͬһ㣬˲ϵѰĵطÿһƬӰ
һյĽŲڵͨͻ
΢ʱ˰ĵ³дϸϸĶ΢΢ǷҵĽŲУϸͷֲˡ
΢ʱΪԼĴ˽Ųͣϰš
ꡭá𡣡
ƺ˵΢ʱдһֲõԤУԶԽԽոȫûҲʼ
΢ʱֹдľԥŤͷܣ
-----------------------
л˵0v



40 ͳ
˼, ʶĸˣѾˣȵ, ̵˻ܡ
ѾӦãûа취Ļоô
΢ʱһܵ˸¥ϡ
½һһ˵ǳʲô
˰ɣ˵, ȻڣĴӲҪô
ܵ¥, ֪ܿʲôˣؿܳŮŮǲͣĳ, ֹ˵ʲô, ģ˺ӵںڳֱͣˡ
վ¥ϵĴСĵ⿴⼸ѰһǵӰδ֮»ص˵³⡣
Щ˳ʱ϶ŹͲǺܺദ, ΢ʱΪܹ߽ȥļҲĬû˵ȥĻ
ʵ̫ˣǴǽڣڲռһ, ¥, һ㣬ϵ⻹ûˡ
·ڴ˿ǹ̵ϣ˺ܿͳ˺, ɫȵֱ
֮ǰǰ˴æܹЧĽ£ֽˮ¥ڣûпյֱǿ̡
΢ʱ뵽ռ̨ھãƾճֵģֻ͡
ܲˡ
ưһƨ˵ϣ˶ˮظһ˿⣬ֱܿȣֻڵϲͣķ͹ﱻС㣬ͣڡ
лӢһҧ¥ݿڵİȫͨư̴ӵߣǴȥ㲻ܻȥأ
˴¥룬ߵĵؿܴÿ¥ܵĵݺ¥ݣŲûһ߾ͻ谵ȴûм˶١
Ұ¥ݼһЩ΢ʱŵһɳζһζƺӵζЩ
ոЩӦҲûˣСģ΢ʱܸоŵºȵʲôĶЩģ۾Ӧһڰ֮ſ˵ؿڵò
ɶѳɶѵ౻ڵϣ΢ʱоģĴĿɲֹһȣ΢ʱκεطҪ졣
Ȼ˵Ҳȣ͸ͨһһȳܸܵ⡣
Ǻˣֲ˲ñ˽ҲҪôĵطռݡ
Զ΢ʱżֻ¥ݼ䡣
ĽŲͣƺѲߣţһȵĲˣܲãƬͺͺĵط
˼ҵĵ̣ȷʵýȥֻ˼ȥĵط
ϴŵ·ͼľ˼׵ɡ˵ļƻǴСȥ̻ܹסĹ԰
ȻŽ⣬ܹҵãҲֻܸ֮ǰٻȥϡ
ĵطЩҲܶ࣬ǲһجˡ
ϴʱ򣬼̻ϱҧ˲ٵĿӣ˿ڲĺϴļʱŲнһĸȾ
˵ʶȻǰͽҽԺˡ
ڳʱ鶼ܳأɡٵĳǰ߻ȥƳŵ¸ողȵѸٵıɣһ
΢ʱڼ̵ĺ棬ŵɢоһ˿Ծ
˿˿Ƶģɢ֮Ҳϸĺܶɫ飬֮Բޱȡ
һЩڴЬʱ򣬻ڵŤ£΢ʱ˿ԼĽŵףûиоŵ׻ûȻŤ
΢ʱЬɡ⣬ЩŤĸӵˣܿͱ̫ɣɸոЬ䡣
ǰļ˻ͷ΢ʱûиϽкСΣǸϽ߰ɣ
΢ʱϽȥ»صڣͣİгȡ÷
лӢʵСΣôͣˣɲڰ죬ǵսپ
΢ʱ˵ͷԼոյķָ˵һ飺ҵǻģǸϽ˫ЬӰɣǸոǰ棬ЩȵܲԾ
һãȻģʲôģСǲǿˣ
΢ʱ˵任ЬӣЬŪɾŹ˳ϣ׼ȥʱɹһ¡
˿˿ԼЬӣȻͷ˵ЦҲŽɵĸһ
û£һҲûϵҶ˸պôɹɹɱɱ
ӹ̫ɡ׼ŵʱȴոյĵؿֳ˼ˡ
ԶԶĿߣƺҪԭ濴ˣʲô쳣ڿ⼸˵жӲ죬ƺѾʧȥʶ
ھЩϵĶҲܿĸӵǵ弸ɫŤȫˣֱ¶һԴ
˵ֻ¶һͷǵŤ
һŲҰ׵ȻٻǺõģǱȴʧȥ˻ڰ׷Ŀǣն񿴵ëȻ
΢ʱ뵽˴ǰӰӾ濴ĻˣоЩ񣬵ֲȫһ
ǻһ˿ǵģȻǲϵǰʼǰǰƺǵıܣֻ˵ϲٿǵ⡣
⣬⵽ʲô
ư۾ոն΢ʱ˵ĻЩɣǲС̫ˣۣʲôˡ
ǰ⼸ˣϷ䶯ȫû˷Ļ
лӢϵһ˳ȥߣھ뿪
Щһ뿪ƺʲôƣһĳϵϵĵ䣬ڵϵ˼¾ʧȥ˻ŵĻ궼춪ˣƴĵг
΢ʱ֪ԭǸողҪϣ뽫£
׷ᣬǳ̫ɡι̣Ŀ˻ᱻƷֻܿӰУٶƣβ㱻ϡ
ƺ֪ƣ룬̵֪ľô׷ţ΢ʱʱʱĻͷһۣһжĵˣԭΪãûҵŵĵطڿûнȥȫġ
ϵĶĵ䣬ԽԽ࣬ǵĶҲԽԽƺǻָһ˿΢ʱ½½Ĵ˵졭ܡ
ʶĳһۣոջޱ׷ǵ˴˿ۿͨ죬ɫ̫ɹͬһ㡣
ʹ࣬ȴ΢Ц
ǵԶȥ׷ϵ˶ȻأϹŽѵЦݡ
ں͵ĽӴ¶ȼϵȫҲƵѿ߲˼͸ɰ͵˵ϡ
Ǽ˫ָɵ۾ƺͬһ档
Ǹ¸տʼһ磬سеľоƺȡ
˵˶ĳţû죬˾ӼҰ칫֪ͨ๫˾ӦʵڼңȴĹȥ
ģ˶òԾһո߹һգ˶ҳţ˶ˮϵԽԽ⡣
۷ǣˮԴȱûͨѶû硣
ҳһţǮȥأûǮı߰ˮѵѹֻڳѰһ
סˮߵ˽ΪΨһ·˲Щùˡ
ӵеˮһյȥɹϵգߵŪÿ˶಻ԡ
СǲǨסе˶Ѿһμ԰ûµϷӣֻס
˶Ÿ£֧ţϣӿЩȥ
ĺͺӵֻʣ˵µ࣬˵һߵ˾ͷ
֪ʲôʱҲ֪˭ѺӵᵽСĵ³У˾ķ֣ЩཱུЧ
ӵڵûб̫ɣɱʪڶ컹ˮӳڻ֮С
ȻˮˮЩȳ˶ˣ˭
ԽԽ˰ᵽ˵³⣬Ĵ߲ѣ˼ûʲô
Щĳӣͨˮÿ˵ڣö֮³ʧȥʶԽԽ࣬ȫ͵Ŀܡ
ͬЩˣһЩ΢ĹԴԴϵĽԼͬ˽
Сĵ³һ͵ķسеʳÿػš
һУԶȥļ˲֪ܿ죬ǵӰʧС⡣
ĺܿ죬ĵطûеĵطֱ¶ȡ
΢ʱ˶ûеľ飬˴ͷ󺹣½Լ첻ˡ
ֲֻܿµĵڹȫʧʱŻֹͣ
ǰһ޼ʵ·ΧֻеɣǰȥһƬߵķǴġ
˵ѾΪˣԽߣӰͬͷϵĴĦ˹֮ʱ׼£ĵ־塣
˵׼أٶΣգҲֻӲͷƤȥˡ
ֻ·һ
سǵκεĵطҪ⣬Դĵش΢ʱϣ֮תһֱ³ŲԺоͻ
ƴһŵ˹ϣ»صƬ΢ʱһ
ûй˸ֱ˲ŷسǾȻǹͺͺһƬ
ԽԽ٣һ޼ʸѵأֻʣһƬɭ֡
ոǲаһֱǰߵĻûлˡ
˶ɵƲԣ̵תˡ
߳Ƭ£΢ʱŸоԼ˹
űڻӿռȡһƿˮһѾ˵ϻǾδ˸ɿʵˣ˸Ӳ˵ˡ
½㿿ϣϢĵˣ΢ʱ׼õڶƿˮۼͿڵ²ʡ΢ʱһ˹ȥ
½㣬ôˣ㻹𣿡
˶ΧлӢϵĴ֮ǰСɽϪˮ䣬ϸɾëʪ
ˮˮ챻ɹˣֻܷĽ£¶ǿ֮󣬲Ÿڳ½Ķͷϡ
˶æšëϲһ飬½Ƥ̣ȣٲȡЧĽ£ͲԶˡ
ϳǧ£ϳҪͦס
˳ЩѼʮ꣬ʲô궼ˣûеĿĵأϳôܾô¡
˶ڷԼĶͼҵʲôõģһ·ûжܹˡ
΢ʱЩԺ˼ôΣû޽ˮѹγеʱоƾ
ѸڹĹҵıзң֮ǰǻˣڰ˵ʱ˷ֻҵ˼ҽõĴϣ
ﻹоƾ֮ǰˣңҸ½ϣ
лӢϽŲλãлͻư̽½ϵĳˡ
΢ʱѸڳ½ͿĨϾƾľƾѸٴϵ¶ȡ
άѩڵ¶ȣͿĨϸڱûʲô𣬿žƾŨصζ֪Ϊʲô˺Ȼоܰġ
½һ飬㱼оԼǴ˱䣬ǿҵĴ̼»۾
Χ¶ϲı飬Ͳסˣ˲
΢ʱл
½ãȻĿżˣһŻָһ֪
ôˣ
ɤӸɵû˵ͱˮŸоһЩ
ư̲ͣĸȷ磺㻹˵ողô˵Ȼε˰ˣҪСоƾ֪֪
ﳵ·ϣܵΪ˲ϴҵĺȣҧţͷۻĵ ǹġ
ǰһھһ˲飬ȡ
½Щ˼ЦЦµСֳģ϶ԲʹϺͿˣԭҹԭңСΣ㲻֪ôлˡ
΢ʱЦЦ˵û£½ȴóһ˿޺ӣС͸㣬Ǹ֪ڿòϣҵһƬ⡣
΢ʱԲû£˰֣ʾⲻã½ȴĽӷǰҪҪģڶǮ򲻻һȥ˻ԺǣǱ߲һСﻹҪһ㶫ġ
ɫ˿޺ӿܾ£ֻаƴС΢ʱֲһͬȰ裬ֻý£ںܸУеĶʵûôҪ
͵ʱһл˶ԷŻԼĹϵӵ׽Ҳࡣ
ӵһ̣΢ʱоģɵĿһ۳½㣬ԷЦӯӯģͲϲֹˡ
ͬʱһΥĵ֣ϲ񣬻óС
΢ʱһ㶣ʲô
ϵͳһԭݣ΢ʱԺв
лӢЩԭڲûжɸŴ󲿶һߣûãһȺͥĳԱȫɱҶȡϷǵʡ
ﶼǱߣֵǮĶԵĺˮߣЩ˸ûкľ顣
ĳ֣ЩԭˣõǵϿɡ
ȭͷԭедЩˣͶлӢ쵼Ķ
ֶ𱨵ѿԼĳİǶɱˡ
ֶ̣֮Щɹй֮޲
΢ʱȭͷӲˣ˵ʵЩ̶ǺܺõˣԭĽ̫ˡ
Ʊԭĵ񲻴ڣ΢ʱӦЩŶԡ
Ľ1000ֵɱ˵ʮ
˼Ŀϵͳ֣ҲĶ𣿡
ûЩ˾Ͳ뿪һȺˣҲϵͳּɱˣǾ˵Ļֱɱ˸ࡣ
ϵͳûشĻǼ˵ٽѾʼƿأϣúõĻȥ
ϵͳһһ΢ʱʲôû˵Ѿ֪ϵͳϿ뷨ԭΪһҪɱ˲Ż
ǱĬΪ飬е鶼ÿɱ¾ЩıԼ뷨
ոգûԥҪ½ٲӦ
΢ʱڼڴĿУ˿޺ӣǼƽӲͨı겻С
Ƕ˵ֵһᣬ˻ŲҪġ
΢ʱ˵ллл¡
üһϵ˿ڣоƾ˸ɴõ
˴˿ڣ˶˾ƾ£Чʮֵ˸ܵ˾Υˬ
ǳ½㣬õĸһЩڰСʱ֮ȶ
ֻûɴ
лӢǿζˮ˲ҹһƬֵ˯ˡ
ûӰ켸˵˯ߣ΢ʱһܿͽˡ
оԼһ߳ΣﶼǴԽǰ磬ģѧ䣬йʱǰеļ䶼ģĻ棬ô塣
ڣеһжǵӰһ㲥
֮ǰƺļӵʵϵͳʼߣһС
˻ѩСǣһ·ˣǷҲԭӦȥˡ
ĸı䣬ĳ֣ŤתЩ˵ˡ
Щֲ⾿ʵУȫڵһӽǾЩ飬·һʼڻңȫȫڻҡ
֮ŤתԼˣĹؿһһεԼˡ
΢ʱٴʱѾǻƻˣ˾Ȼûн
۵ļ򣺡ʹˣ˯ԽԽ٣˯һǺ°Ͼǵ߰СΣȥԶ
΢ʱ֪Լ˯һᣬŴʹҵл·;úõıǡ
һϵͳ500ֵԭǼ⵽Щ˳ߵ;ʱ֮ǰ·Щ֦ס˲ӵˡ
˽⵽˾飬Щ˱ȫûģοɾûôˣûЩ֮ǻĲá
֮ǰǼϵͳ˸ֵʾ
΢ʱ˹ǣоԼһǶж񱨣̫һЩҲܱɹˡ
ŸɱҲúζ˳ִӿռͳ˼ƬǼűԣÿ˶Ա֮ſʼ·
·ǺسǣҹɫĻС̤;



41 С
س, Ըоҹ¶ȱȱĵطӵȣ΢ʱְ춥̫ﳵĸо
˯ЧҲͨȫ촩Ŷĸо, ΢ʱʼһ㱡ĺ
֪Ϊʲô˶û˰ֲӦĸо, һоԼʸˡ
ĳ½Ҳû, еĸٺᴩģǰ泯濴ͻῴĿ֮ǽ
Ƭũֵ, ûһ˿, оһɽв֮ǰȼչζ
˵¶ùϵҲЩͣٴӡ֤ͣǱȷġ
¾ôɺϣǰһ㣬Ҳҵˡ
ûˣ³ʲô⣬ĶС, ЩԿݵ·棬ܱܡ
΢ʱܾе¹ⶼҪһЩֵҲܿ·˾͸ͬˡ
ǵĳķɿ, ƳǸ, ֽǵĵ·
ߵĳճɹͷˣ·浹ûʲô⡣
˵ģгʻڸϣֵֺĸо
֮ǰ粻鷢, ˸ܾһͻᱻײɡ
΢ʱĺģ˸ֻ룬ԽȣԽԼڱУʤһЩοʤޡ
΢ʱϵͳˣ˶ԭľһЩ֣̽һΪжں˵Ľ̫ʣôǻ˻˱
оͼֱһֻŮҴģֲ˼۾˯ˣٲ˯ҪСٽڡ
Ҫĩն񣬵Ǻ˾Ͳˬˡ
֮ھͲˡ
΢ʱһ²ۣһ߿СС
ƷУ
500ml*1
500g*1
ǿЧ¶ˮ500ml*1
΢ʱǰһȻǸصĶ
ûʲôζھã¶ˮģÿ϶ע⡣
ȳԱǰɣǵװģһºòóԡ
΢ʱﳵСĵĴӿռóһűǣ͸İװ澲һɫ衣
滹кܶܶİ׵㣬һӲǶС
һ˺װٵװֽ紵˺ʡġ
ڲûʲôУһɷǳѳԵζ
ſ漷һıܾ࣬ճĵĸоֱǻǻûס³
òȥﵽһɿζܵ΢ʱģθֱðˮ
Ͻ˼ˮȥѹһѹոǹɶĵĸо
ȻǳгƷĶȻôѳԵĶ
˵ʵ֮ǰһֱԳеƷŲɣһ˿˿Ļɣⶫܳ
зʣܿϵͳͽ⡣
 ⲢԵǣģϽ¾µˣĳȥ
ϵͳĽͣ΢ʱЩĿɿڴʵô˵ҳȥ
ϵͳء
ϵͳǸΪҵ˰װ㿴ˡ
ϵͳȷʵÿζаװ΢ʱֱӷˣȫûĿ
ܾϵͳϾҲǰԼˡ
û뵽˸ͷ΢ʱֱù
ҲһôоƺЩϵð֮ǰǵĸоˡ
΢ʱ˿ӲǣϸϸĿŰװ
ˮζģǿЧ£ĳԣ˺һŷŽ
ŵζͺö࣬ζġ
ֹ֭ﱬĸоǷ֮һǿıζֱӳĿУһǰѩı
΢ʱһ˲ոԼոջ˿ˣʵ̫ˡ
΢ʱ۾ɫԣǺҹеŲʯʮֵƯ
˸ǷĨϣǿ紵һ˿ˬ
Сʱͣɵð̣˵ʲôҲٶˡ
ͣǴˮĵԽԽ죬ܹߵԺеˮ˽ͻĹˡ
΢ʱȻܿ鷢ó˸ոСƳѹıǣݸ˼̡
ѳһ㣬ܹסĻ߾Ͳˡ
ÿţ΢ʱ·һᣬԭҪ˲ŻǴ˿̶ֱˡ
΢ʱĵ˵һʳõķǳͦģŲҪȥˣȻһ³ûЧˡ
˳ǣɫһ˲˲Ť
СΣǡ
½ĿˮܿƵ˳£΢ʱĻоһö᲻³ȥϲµĿǳܡ
΢ʱڴֻǿһЦݣǻԹͦġ
΢ʱżˡáı˿
ܳԾͺãﻹкܶࡣ
ģζôԵ
лӢҲһ䣬о죬Ƕʧȥ֪ˡ
ĴԽԽ
΢ʱ˵֮ǰ֪ĸֱİɣһ˳Բô࣬ˡ
Ҳ΢ʱΪʲôóⶫȷʵйѳԵģǱ˹һ㣬һֱ̼Ƕ˵ˡ
ˮʱҲøոջɿʵĺ̴ʱ»
ǳĴָö
ƽĬһԬҲ˵佱
΢ʱЦЦ˳߰ɣǿ뿪Ҿس̫ˣôȥǵˮҪĹˡ
˶ͷ˳Ȼ΢ʱЩѳԣȷʵЧĻǸĺ
һСǣܳϺܾá
ϵĶչˣͨĹسǡ
һ˾͸оûôˣ΢ʱǻʣ°뷢ˣ˼Ҫˡ
ǵʱҪͣͣҲûʲô֪򲻵ѣҲˣԴ˲Ӱ
΢ʱֻջЩǶͳȥ뷨ɴڿռѿˡ
سǣ¶Ƚ֮ǰӣ΢ʱоԱ֮ǰǸ¯ˡ
ΧֲҲ֦Ҷïһ·չƬũ͵һС档
лӢǵĲ֮һѾܾûˣ߹Ӳ·ǰľɫϤ
ߵĽӵ£һƬͰԽ·ƴڵ·ԣ˿û⣬ƺҲͣˡ
û֮ԺӵӲݶ콫ˡ
ֵǹӵİשأӲݲ࣬в̤ĺۼ˻ĺۼ
֪˵Ǻûǻ
˵ĵطҪһСģǰһεĽѵЩҲͲʲôԱˡ
΢ʱгߵֵϣҼһŴţҪҪһû˵ĵطȥס
ϾũľвܲʲôˣһСһʲôҧ˿ɲˡ
΢ʱлӢսһЩŰӦȥϢ
лӢ˵ȱĵطһЩһķϵסҲУõĻҵˮ˼ңˮҲԡ
΢ʱò뷨ˣȱˮĻ£СׯˮԴ˳Ҳᱻסġ
Ⲣֹۣ֮ǰ̫һ顣
лӢ˼һ˶ټһһ㲻Ŀӣǽ˽ȥٴŴ򿪣СԺķģ滹һźܴ
һЩҶӲݣʮֵĸɾ˵ŴˣǲȥԺмΣֱϢҲͦģܴȫ԰ڱ⣬
ΨһвǣԺӵԺǽЩһվһܿ
ҵõһԺˣĵطŴš
ԺҲɾũķӶŷҲʵҪȥѡ
ο˼ңһġ
ֻҪûʲôǾܰĵ˯ˡ
ͷϣ˯ˣ΢ʱ˯ǰһϵͳԭ̳ǻתĽȻˡ
΢ʱŷȻѾôˣӺѰָͷġ
ϴˢµĺܶණεȥ˿ĿⶨһɫƷ档
ƷǷģ΢ʱԥĵȥ˿
ģѡһΪĸݵأϵͳƷĶڸ÷ڿΣڵʱ򣬲ַᷢݵ쳣߿ʱģڷڡ
΢ʱǰһʲôģⲻħռʱôóأĻǾͺðˡ
ʱ˻ԺУҸӰҪҵʱ򣬻ʱѲߣڱ˿رļԼжҲֻԼ֪ˡ
΢ʱЦĿģļ۸ǸɫƷʵƷ۸10֣ܺúܺã
΢ʱ£ʣµҲˢˣһۡ
̳ˢ£
ӪҺ100ml*1020֡
ä*180֡
˻Ҫ΢ʱޱĹر̳ǵ壬ûȤ
кܶĳԵģӪҺûá
äУôôףȾ񿨻ҪäеķΧȥҲûʾûҪ
ԴӶϵͳΡ֮΢ʱԴЩ͸ӵСˡ
ɲ뻨ǮЩûõĶϵͳҲðôķնһȷϾЩֶһһɱġ
΢ʱĵĴŷģ磬ǳڴȥԺܹ֮Ǳиȵ
һСң֮ǰԭĳⷿС
΢ʱǹЦݣй滮ӵʱȻһĺ޳ˡ
˯ǳĻưһ˲۾ľ޴ ˲ʹϵͣؿͼԼ˳;ȥˣΪʲôˡ
˶ѣ΢ʱͻȻ˯оҲĿڶµķƣ۾һŴ
ϵĿ޺ƺһСŮĺУСܡ
˿̫Ǻܴ̫ıӻСׯ
ǻطСŮܵĻԲһ͵ˡ
Ǵׯҹ¶ƺǲģ˵ҹ¶ҪӵĵһЩ
溢ӵԶںʲôûˣû˾ǾȾţûˣ
壬ȾŰɣˣεˣǸȥء
ӵĿ˾úҿ֪ĴȥĶˣΪʲôһСӾȡ
ߵǰ͵͵
ֻһ1׳ͷСŮҰţһСɡÿÿˡ
ĵıᣬûһ˼Ҹţûʲô˳ţֵһƬš
ȻǵĲûȷʵ˵ġ
ܿСŮõһлӢŹϣСŮƣоܲζ
ʵϵ˲æԭ򣬱Ͼ˭ʱš
վſɡһᣬѾˣ˵ˡ
СŮǿĿԼ־ţǺ΢ԭҲƼˡ
΢ʱվ³ԱߵῴȥмҵĴƺ˶ҲûҪæ˼
лӢмҽһͰſڣСŮʱһ£Ͱӣ澹ȻСͰˮġ
λƵĽˮͰǼ˵ſڣţεˣܸܲȥˣεˣڵôжѲء
СŮ˵žͿĿ˾ģȻѾòˣǺòûһֱš
洫ԥСݣһ޽ˮûУˣһֻںڵҩˮ֮ǰȹġ
СŮҭŬ룬һʵǸҩźڳĹˣҹء
ԺļЩȥˣǱһĳȻҲ΢ʱˡ
ǺĬĽת΢ʱ½㿪ڵСΣҪȥ
΢ʱһСŮϲ̫ɾǸոܵʱˤӣ·ϻ˵ģͷҲҵĲӡ
ûʲô쳣ֹ۲һᣬ΢ʱŵ˵ͷ
˵õĿ϶̴·úװ
ֻ֨һˣԺڵھ˲ͻȥˣֻСŮãȻ޴վԭأﻹˮͰİ֡
ŤͷлӢʵСôˣ
սһЩ΢ʱŵϲŵζЩƵͷܾûϴˣ֪ûǵ᲻ãҲ˵ģոյˮӡҧ촽Ŀżˡ
лӢĻСոãȻıЩЩ裬ƺİ˵ǳ½㳤ȰԴϵĻңӲַ
ҡšεˣڵôвѡ
лӢĨȥϵᣬʵģȥ
СŮ˵ͷлӢֿ첽ţոȥѾľϵ˿Ҳ߲졣
߲ԶʱûйţС˲ôſܶЬٵǽݡ
Ϸӹ߻谵״ûеƹ⣬ֻô˽
һ˾Ͳ˲Ծƺһӵζ򿪵ļûзűڳ˼ҹĸо
ţԽ棬ζԽԡ
˶ֲõԤУлӢɫӵĶżҡҡͷѾûˡ
½վſСֵǵ˵⺢ǲǳʲôˡ
̫ˣûʶѾ˰ɡ
СŮ·ŲƵģݣлɡ󱳶Ҫݡ
ţš
ԽԽ·ŲζƵģڵĴڲϵɡȴûжҡ֡
΢ʱżˣһԣ֪



42 ؼ
΢ʱʼ, ̳ԾĿСŮûʲô쳣
Ϊ΢ʱ˵, Ǹһĺʲô
ѵ˵ڻ
źȻصĹˣһзҲʱ䡣
΢ʱո˵껰, ʾͷˡ
Ǿţܿ侲, Χһ𣬾Ķܡ
½㻹ţִƺʲôס, ˿
СŮڿ, ңŴ򲻿֮󣬼ҲֻԶԶĸţ浽ʲô
ڵϣͷˡ
ɡֻܿӨϻ䡣
СŮڵϵĶһѾһʬ, ϡëͷƤϣѾʬˮʪˡ
ϵ·ס˸õġǳɶѵļϣһһĵ, յ
˵沿ȥ, һ̲ڵϡ
£ҲѾܾˡ
һĺĻȻôá
Ȼ, ⺢⣬Բܵƽ˿
ǱߣлӢܿ
ôء
װô㲻ֲ֪𣿡
΢ʱʵûģˣܴܲ촰˵
СŮãȻɡƺ˵ʲô
Ƿﲢֻһʬġ
߽ŷ֣ũԽ컨ܸߣ컨滹ż޴ġɫģӼһĶ
ֻҪһ̧ͷܿ
СŮ΢ʱָ컨ֹͣ˿ϵǱͻȻһ㣬ֻʣ
㶵ĿеɡҶˡ
۵ħ㣬΢ʱĸоԼüꤣǼƲɢĳζʮֵ
ԶԺֳ֮ǰѩƵĻ棬ʼĻΧһ𿾻Զ
ȺĻӡǩϵĿ߲˾ôݹʲôζƺֻѰһ͡
ůЦһֱвϵǸϡ
ʱոΣգǺҸһ졣
ﲻǣ΢ʱһ񣬸ոջڶʬߵСŮѾߵǵĸǰ
ոձɡһֱڸŵıȻ˼ë׵Ĳ㣬ǷŴ֩š
˿ϷŮıϣڰɡڱΣȻ˿һ˿
СǹǱ֮ǰھƵģֲĹ
ԱߵлӢͳ½ǣ룬ƺǱסˣݺݼƳڼ˵ıϣ˳ѡ
ưŵûʧɫͲûˣѽ⺢ǹ
ŮѾ³˿һ¾Ľϡ
о˿סĵط̵ģҪ˦ȴֱεסˡ
ưᣬһ·ǱһڳԵ룬ڵһסҲ˵ùˮҲ졣
СŮſе˿Ҫѻưȥ½͹һһҵסķߡ
΢ʱлӢǰŮ΢ʱһѿϵ˿͵˿һ²ûбϣһʷķһȥ˻
˾һסựʣµ˾СŮ˹ȥ
Сɵܵĺܿ죬һ֮д˹ȥϵ֩磬λ֮չš
£ſڳЦǵܡ
˵屻Ůһߵǽߣõͷ­ʧȥ۾նĶŮ
ʬϵɢһأǽϣѼ˶ĵĲС
ڵĳζŨˣ΢ʱԴǼ˵ֺģû򲻹Ů
Ǹˡ
ܿ΢ʱַһֵĽŵǰŮֻһ¶׾ͶĹûԥָһжһ֩ȡ
СŮҽһոޱĿԹĶ΢ʱظ˸ոǾ仰Ҷˡ
һ˲䣬˶оԼĶлգ΢ʱоԼˮ췴ˣܵļҪ³۾ȴĶСŮ
ŵĻư̺ȻεˣԻֱӽӴЧֲһˡ
ҧţθոУСŮΧ£
ĳĹôǸƤ
֮ǰЩˣӦһʱûзĵˡ
ôˣŮЩˣҪʮֵѡ
ÿһ΢ʱ͸оĲԣŮվԭأǽš
ˣûҲǰǰһͷĿѣֻʣ˴صĴϢ
ͷĹսŮվǱֻԴܹǿ壬˺ڰУһͷ˰գֲޱȡ
΢ʱߵǰϵԼ֣Բڵ¡
ŮϵıԭȵĴݱ˳Ծۼ΢ʱȴҲߣʲôֻվԭء
Ȼ΢ʱŲΪʲô̧һŮ˾ȥԣ˵ʲôã軹ţ
Ůߵʧȥģֱֱ˳ȥ
ոջŵĻưʱˣÿϲθҲ˲˻⣬΢ʱûԥᵶ˹ȥ
Ůȫû˸ոľı飬ߵߣԴǣ˿һֱڿޡ
㲻ҪңҪأԲ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôҪң
΢ʱûһĲŮȻֹոΪʱɢ
ֱ˫۾Լ꣬һֱһֱ۽
ĲɫŧѪð֩뱻ȱ֮ġ
ˣԭԲĲҲɱʧȥĿ֦߹䣬ЩŧѪԭʬڵλá
һֻɫС֣סʬĸùĺۼ
ûСŮûţֻʣʬ塣
ư̳׵˹ϵ˿ôŪ΢ʱɴûǶϣ·ˡ
Ѭ죬˼ŮҲûи֮뿪ӡ
ͷű׾ٵѾˣ̵̫ˣСֻܰʣ³һѰ󣬸û˺﾿ʲô¡
ư̻Щ˲˻ȥ΢ʱʱû뿪ͷһԺӣлӢк˻ȥ
ԺһʮֵĴ֦ԽΧǽǽ⣬һ׵ǧӣ滹Ůߣ沼һŴ
΢ʱһСӣϵͳɱεĽ500ֵԽǸ߽ףɱֵ֮Խࡣ
ϵͳ˵ĸ΢ʱͣı֣ϵͳʮģ߶߶ĸ΢ʱ˵˺ö໰ûлش𣬶ר־ڿӣֻص˷档
ܳǹζֻҪһţⱲӾˡ
΢ʱ˳Ա߸ũĲӣ˵ʬǲȷŽ˿
˵ʬЩˣǺܺ÷ţĵķֻ꣬ݽŮҲ˳
ƮƮģеضոյ֭Һһˡ
΢ʱĲ㣬˺ӵ۾ֱʱһһ
΢ʱãɡСԺ
һžͿ½лӢվµ¶һЦݣ֣ûж˵˾ôԺӡ
СԺػذ
ǧ˲䣬ʱص˼졣
СŮڵ绰ǰר־ĿţȴĻ˲ͷϵĺЩΪʲô绰û
趼ʱԴӸ¿ʼϵ֮Ҳûнӵ绰ˡ
ŵӳǣŸ̶ˣŷǵģѾˣɡ
СŮǧ߽ȣʱܳȥˣͬСҲܸ棬ûҲܿӣĵһˣɺӺܶ£û˵һ䱧ԹĻ
˴ȸȷ磬Դϵĺֱί˺ӣϵŮչ˺úӣ˵治̫ƽҪš
Сɽ岢ûбɹƽӡ
Ķˣȥ㶫Ӹһ»ʳٿ಻ܿຢӡ
ȫȻ֪ŵĴ㣬̶һԼһˣôһ̶
˰ʱŮǧ³ϲĻ￴Ÿİٿȫ͸ʽĿ顣
֫һͷС밲ĺŮ֣Сϣֻʺá
ŮоԣȻʲôﵹص顱һصڵذϡ
Ů䣬ʵţôˣ
û˻شдһֲõԤУŮٵܽ˵ķ䣬泯ˤڵأԱߵСӱ߳ȥԶԴѪ
Ů޴ˣ˲ûжһ»ֻҪͼоȻ
ֻͬשһ㣬ô򲻿͸˵ĻѾػˣŮŷӦ˹ֲ⼸ûд绰
ŮĿֻŵǰδеĸ߶ȣԴѪ˿ڿ޵
ĳȣһǽ֮ھȴǱһȫûл
ȫûпֻԭϵ뱻Ѫ֮ڣĴ˳
СŮĶߣһϤִŮĶ𣺡ǣ벻ţ
˭˭˵
Ů޵ͣˮģߣ۾ᣬѪҺϡ
ǣ벻ţ
ŮĶһǳǳѪۣһֱ档
һΣƺ﷢ģֻë׵СǵĶ䣬β
ԺкȻƺֹѪЧ֣ƾðһ㣬Ů˼СǷҲܰæ
룡
Ůᶨ֩˲˶ĤŮڵϣץѾӲ֣·Ļǻþһ㡣
Ŀ޺ϵѣ޼£ģ̲ס߿ޱץӣֱץӵ˼ӲӲĶһֵĿ֩ĲǰԴ
ٺŮÿھӼҵţСִſǻ˻ؼҿš
֮ʵˣʹϧ¶ԼҲҪϻԵ
ֻҪЩʳܲ㹻žȻˣǵС¶ԵɫǰѺɫɡһСС˶
ǽһ̾ЧˣһطԸ⣬ֻûҪʬҲ
ѪĿƻһƶȫɢ
ЩѪⲢûԸ޾Ŀ־壬յ۰˻
΢ʱˣ۵ֻ˯ϵͳҪ˵֮ܿ硣
ȴЩ˯ţò¹£һͱСӵˡ
Ȼһ·ϼĶ٣ǿĹ˻ǾëȻ
֮¶ģԺҲҰˡ
Ǿú֣ƽʱҲûôĳΪʲôոôҪǸСŮ
ԵĻưһͷˮ˼⡣
վԭرԻļȴԾˣӦСŮƻǣȻʲôҲܵĳȥˡ
ϵ˶ǺãȻôҲûֲԾ
ֹ˵ŻԶһЩ³΢ʱϢ
˵һ֮Ϣ
һ΢ϮѹѾ쵽ˡ
һ˯Ĳ̫ãǴװˮԡͰһƵģ˻û
΢ʱ̻˯ãʱС˯һ컹ģůģ紵һ˿⡣
ϵͳѵõʵƺһ˿Сģ㻹𣿡
΢ʱôʣ
ϵͳ⵽䣬־͡
΢ʱ¶һЦݣⲻãˣҲԻһµ֮ǰһֱ𣿡
ϵͳżı⣺ǵûô룬ǲ˵Ҫһ𲢼ս𣿡
ĵּ750ֵͼο΢ʱġ
΢ʱĬãȻʵãǺԼʶ𣿡
һԺо͸˫۾ʹĿ
ô֮ȥ΢ʱ֪֮ǰĻþãΡ
ϵͳΣиӵǿˣôˣ⵽Իôˣ
΢ʱǳĬ뷨ƺһֵİɫĤסˣһֱԺвͣ
ϵͳĻѹס־޻˵ŰĿ졣
˵һܻصԭֻһŵƱ
ϵͳԽԽ٣벻Ҫ벻Ҫ⵽Ի
΢ʱû˵ʲôֻ÷̫ˣܻؼңпյﻹǧ㣬׷磬Ʒܴſյ
ͨҸһ죬ȥؼңδһ˵ҡ
絥ƱֻŻһֱҲصԭ磬еһжԭ硣
΢ʱֻȥϲطֹĴɱôˣΪʲôڲ˽һԼ
΢ʱ뷨𽥼˰Աߵıõ
ͬʱĶ߳ϵͳյǻᣬϵͳƽؼ𣿡
΢ʱһ˲о綼ܰԵ˶˯ֻϵͳںԻ
ſڣϵͳϵͳҲĻ
΢ʱǰɱ˵ĵþûز
ĵһʣΪʲôϵͳڶˣ
һֵĦͣꡣ
ʶĳ˱ǰѵͷϸĴ
ָ㵶еһ˲䣬ϵͳƺǴﴫģؼ𣿡



43 Ժ
΢ʱľܻ, Ժֻʣһͷؼҡ
صԭĵطǱߺƽ, ȫ, ˵Σ, Ҳδ֪Ŀ־壬صǸƽȥ
ƾһôľżһκεķӦ
ϵͳּ仯, ʼûл, ŭǱһʵиˣŭ𣺡΢ʱҪû˵Ҫ
һж˰Ĥ⣬΢ʱ죬ǰеһжǻӰصһţһɫ, СɽϪţվǰ·ֻҪһ̤ȥܻصԭ硣
˵롣
һ˲Ժз˺һе˸, Ʈĸƺ, еʶйٶڱ
оԼ궼·һ㣬ε˲֪˲䱻˻ǵʧظд, ܵͷĿѣ˳
΢ʱ֪˶ãʱ͹˼ӣɫûб仯
ĸйһ˲ȫˣƺʲô壬ոǶοֲĶԻһ˲վ
΢ʱԴʹֻסĶ䣬һСѪ˳ϣһֻС룬ɫ۾ĶӶë׵Ĳ衣
ôܹ졣
΢ʱ˲˸ոǸСŮԸ֮ǰѩ￴Ĳһѵ
⣬΢ʱؼ𣿡
εԶǰֻ뷢ģ΢ʱûԥ˦˵ϣһ
ΪûˣԴͷȻ⣬֪Լող˵ˣı᲻ǸŮһҲ֩벽㣿
붼һ£΢ʱʹշշµ֩롣
㶯ŵİҲˡ
ϵ֩뱻ȱˣƽƽС룬ֻʣһ̲ˡ
ôСΣǲǸóˡ
½˯ۣ滹ŵЩΪʲôô硣
΢ʱ˵ͷǲʱˣҸոҵǺӱɹס
һ˵˯涼ˡ
ģŪưĽţһ˲
΢ʱָָϺɫѪ㣬ڽ͵һֻ룬Ѿɱˡ
˴ǰϸ۲죬˭˵΢ʱǲڿЦϾʲôֵĶС
ܹɱҲʲô飬ư̶΢ʱǰٷְٵΣϵѪ֮˲
ѽ˾ͺãȥʰʰ˰ɣҲˣ·ϳԶզ
滹иɱܺô棬رĸɣٺȵˮرĿʡˣ·ϼûʱԷʱ
˶û飬ɿʰ΢ʱŵϵ볤һ֪ôļģǺоյĹˡ
ǲЩ̫һ㣿
˵ʲô
΢ʱü߬˿ӣߺܰЩʰûһ˵ϵͳϵͳһֱû˵
ԺкϵͳϵͳʱȻֱŤһֱлӦ
ƾôϵͳ
΢ʱЩǰûгֹ״
ֻһĺϵͳôˣô˵
㱼ǵϵͳȰʱһ֣һϵͳ˳Ķƺ
ôˣ
˶ʰˣ΢ʱԭأ֣СΣ߰ɣڵĲˣȳȥ
΢ʱֻܸ󲿶ӣ˳СɽԶȥ˲˸٣һƬСׯ·ϵһ㣬ʧҰڡ
΢ʱߺϵͳƾôкϵͳûлӦ
ǰ廹ǿԵģСƳ̳Ƕûġ
嶼û˵ģ֮ӡ
֪ôѰϵͳټ֮ǰ䡱һϵͳǷʲôװá
Ȼ£ܻúõġ
˿˻ֵȫˡ
΢ʱԺ˲һµĲ룬ѵ˵ϵͳѾĿǰ޷Ǿϵͳǽ·ôߣ
һãȻϦദĻһʧ֪ԼôԷ
ҵһִȻ֮ǰҵ뷨ͬҲͦģϵϣ

㻹𣿡
΢ʱҪû˵Ҫ
ϵͳء㡿
΢ʱյ֣ܾĿںƣǶһ޻
ϵͳ
΢ʱó֮ǰϵͳ͸һյ翨ûи߹ԼһϵͳʧˣȥѰҡ
һֱԼϵͳ֮ǵϵϵͳʧˣһ취ûС
΢ʱΪϵͳȫ޷뿪ԼڿȻ
ûϵͳҲȻʧˡ
΢ʱһ·ĲɵĲüײ·ߵĳϡ
һʮֵǵͣϢԬóԼСû΢ʱڵϡ
ôСΣǽ챻֩ŵ𣿡
лӢ΢ʱ΢ʱ򴽣ҡͷû˵
ڲϵĺϵͳʶк޷Ӧ
ûǸϤ֣ǿռ仹ڣҪԼǲΡ
΢ʱκʱҪĬ̼鲻ãʶȤûٶ˵ʲô
һͶ΢ʱ׽ŸɰͰ͵ֻװʲôû
˳ֵ㿪˽СƳ
СƳԲȦתˢƷ
ɿС40g*1
С280g*1
޲*1
轵Ĵ΢ʱоľЩϰ֮ǰˢĺöˡ
ѵ˵Щϵͳ
Ȼô͹ﳵôĲ
óһСѷŽѵζſſģǳд۵ƷǳĲóԡ
óһ֮ǰˢµĳӣĳڿб֭ȫСѵζǹȥˡ
Ľߵĺˢ˳еСƳĶһЩƷ
ͷ۳һиûõľ߼ֽߣȫòϵĶ΢ʱȷ֮ǰȷʵϵͳСˡ
ԣǴֱǰѷιˣĲãЩϵͳû˵ܱŤĶ΢ʱãõһжЩȻˡ
֮ǰϵͳҪ˵翨ⲻ֪˶ٵֵǣǰԭֻҪԼĺã˵涼ڵڶλģôʯĳϵͳɻдģϾǸˣǸˣȫ顣
뵽΢ʱоӵˣȥΪʲôһϢԼ
⼸ĸ·Ҳû¹ΣնԱĸֵһᡣ
ڣڼ˵ĲиŬ£˰ʱ䵽˻Ժеĸ
ɽͷ߳һƬεĺųʪȵζƮ˹
˶ܵˬѰһ㣬Ҳɣ÷͸
ǵ𣿡
½ͣԶĴ󺣣Ϻǵ׺ǣİˮɫз΢Ĺ⡣
ˣ
лӢߵ˻ߣóͼϸԱȡ
ûˣ
һƬ߹ȥʮǻԺС
¶ȼ轵ȻҲȵĲУغļҲòȥĺ
î˾ﳵҪԺеĸۿڡ
ǰ˸٣źߣΪĳѾµгҲﲻȥˡ
˳۳ҹлӢֻûеˣ޷ϵڵˣֻиЩڿܹϵ
泯¿ԺһƬƻ貣Ǻܾûмĳˣͱĳȫһ·ϵҲ
ʵǰһЩڸ·ˣֻǶͽٶȲû΢ʱһ˿졣
·ϻвٵµˣֻʣûԶˣǰϦ
΢ʱ˶ĳЩľˣһͷǰߣڿǵĿڡ
ǰǴƬƬǴܱߵطġ
ʵܶ˶·סˣܱ߲ôȵĵطԺзֵ˿ڡ
ûߵģ·ϾѾˣܵģѾǷǳˡ
ʳˮпȱһɡ
ھȻеİԱάڰϾܿˣ˷ܵĳ
Ǽ˵װҪ࣬Ҳû̫ãԱߵҪࡣ
мվһѭάſڵ򣺡Ծ죬άԾ죬άϷ߼顣
ʾЩ֣΢ʱ˼ǲǻԺҲĹ
ʶһϵͳǶûϤ΢ʱЩʧ䣬ܺˡ
΢ʱڶĺ棬Ѿ賿ĵˣ̫ܿҪˡ
ﻹûнǵ˲ЩһֶĿ־塣
Ȼʱ˶ܸܵ¶ȵ½ǲ޴롣
ڶжϵļ˷Ŀʼǰˣǿ໰˶飬ֱߵǰҪӿǡ
ļǰļ֮վڲԶȴ顣
˼ҵȻ⣬һ˲͸Ǽ˸
вôǣ󵽲֪ǰɣôģ˭˭
һԲϾͺͲӵ˴һʼŻ֣ȫЩˣ˴ҵƢ̫ãҲܹزǵ飬Щӵ˾Ǽš
΢ʱϣĿǼˡ
ܿЩӵ˾ͱ󲿶Ӵȥָƽ
һжվſִڵİԱûǰֹ
򲢲еôã˵Ҳŷǿʳһ׵ġ
ԼȡľԲ鷳ˡ
ͨĲ죬ɫ𣬿ڵȺ궯
˶ԼͬĴ˷ɹЩСˣѾܵԱߵ¾䣬˽ǵŶӡ
ҲϰԵĴɡȻ¶ȲߣŷδȻ
ȿǱɽżһ˿ˬĺ紵
΢ʱоʮֵ뵽ӦþõֻоȴʱҲûôˡ
̫峿⵭ģûеȣ˴ɡ¶ȴǺ֮ǰһġ
˶һԱ߶µҲ»ص˶飬е˶ҷеĹߣһֱţѾһϰˡ
Ⱥ黺ƶڵǼˡ
һһȥ飬΢ʱպø̷ˣ˿ʶѯվſڰԱ
ܲһǺһġ
Աޱҡҡͷдһ˿ͷ˵ôˣʱ򶼼аһģȥɣҪˡ
˻ͷ΢ʱ˵ͷûϵȥɣϾ
߽˸գ΢ʱмӣڲſʼһ˽ȥ
һɫķӣ⻬ĵذγĶԱȡ
һҷһܱңЩԱ̫շҡ
ĵƹϣžԼصִᣬ֮ǰ·ϣֱŮһ㡣
ʲôûУÿҲĵҪ
ҲֵŴ򿪣µĸ˷ֱ˽ȥ
һɫΣһĻ΢ʱϣǰһЩһԵҽ豸ɫǽлеֱۣܳȡ΢ʱѪ
΢ʱоԺлȽģȻôҽ豸
ܸÿǵ˶죬ĿƼˮƽƺ治һεġ
ȻûȥҽԺ֪ҽԺǱǷҲʵȫԶĹ
֮ǰѩʱûҵҽԺҲûʱȥţ̫ȣæŸ·ҲûʱȥҽԺѹѹΡ
ҽƱһ֪
ЩԶⲻЩ档
еȷѪ֮󣬲ɼѪ˺棬ct΢ʱͷ˸顣
Ȼԣ΢ʱһ25kg壬ּһ˸45kgġ
Ļʾõʡ
ߣ166
أ106
ۺʣ98㣩
ԴϵͳԽԽ֮Ҳˣеļȫһ֮΢ʱŴӽҷ˳
еһͱһ͡
΢ʱ˳һԱָߵǰһɫ˫㳵ǰͣ
ûп̵Ӱϳ֮ǰһ໹ƵİԱ˼ȥˣ
갢̣ôߣһġ
ŮԱĺᣬ΢΢ͷֿߵ˫ʿ
Ժе˿ѵ˼°Ӻ̽յСֲЩѡһЩ¶ԱΪ䡣
ʿʮֲģܻΪͬ¡
ԥһ£΢ʱС˵ɫĳϣǲһģֻܵȽٻˡ
˵ûٿ΢ʱֱˡ
΢ʱԶԶĿһɫİʿȻٲͬ룬ܸܲ˴кߣǱڳߵţֻա
΢ʱ̤˳һϮϾȻ˿յ
о˶ɵȥˣֲ˵һҪԺУȷʵһ
ϵ˺٣ֻмŮ˶ĺܿ˴֮Ҳûʲôƺ̫ʶӡ
΢ʱҲһ˵߶ϣȺɾģ˶࿴ۡ
ûЩĿ⣬ͷηԱ߻гڡ
װӱóֻȻˮĳ˵硣
΢ʱЩϲȷʵܳϵ磬ԺǵĴ治
֮ǰгҲûеĶս˿ռ䣬ﲻ̫˽⣬һֻϵ磬Ѹٴ򿪣ѯû磬һ˲
ȲĿʼ˽ߵ򿪼Ѷ׼ʱȻһ
⳵пյƾʲôǸŮǲϣҲֻ˰ˣǽȥ



44 ָ¹Ϊ
ʲô˼, ˵
΢ʱ֮󣬳žѾˡ
ֵҪǰ沣ȥ, ӦһһŮ
վǰŮں, ǰȥ
֪ǲìܣ΢ʱо, ǳϵûʲôҲû¡
άİԱѾǹûж˵һϻ, ˲, ŮĿ»ˡ
ʲôֽϻ
΢ʱЩôҲ£Ͻβ˰ɡ
ϵĹ㲥һ᣺ǰԱǰֲᡣ
ֻŵ磬ִǰһСƽ塣
ÿλ䱸һֲ
Ժڸرֱĵһʱ֯˷ʩ
бȽˣΧûбǿֲĵطͬ޽ǽķΧչԮ
Χµĳо񶼳뵽, ͬʱԴԴϵĽ
Ǹõĳе䷶ȨҲ￿£ԭȾǾŦڸǱ˺ĵ
ò˵, ⿴Щ, оѾ޿ˣ΢ʱȥ
жͳһ
ֲϸ˴ҽȥԺеĽտռ䲢޴ģҲб͵һ졣
ڸ, Ȼٽзֹǰװ׽ܻǷչһͶֵġ
Ѿһǧ򣬻Ѿ˿ڵļˣܱ߼ʡɣҲ̲¸ˡ
΢ʱ˸ʱˡ
е˹ûвģʵǵͶ˵ҪһЩµĹֻǿ±
ۺ80ϵ˲ſкһЩĹ΢ʱ90ϵǻ뵽ӵĿǷΧڡ
ϵЩŮһģԽüͷԽ
Ͷһ¼̵ݣиٿ顣
ƻԾѾˣԱѡǿյģѡ˾ͶˣҲ롣
뷨˵Щʶôˡ
΢ʱһ£ˢµĺǵȥǰԱˡ
ʼѵ˲пܱѡϣ˸սԶ90ǻڵ΢һЩ
ֵͻģûп
ֻ˵Ե̫ˣЩ˶Եĺãǿ־ǧȻǱܱȵġ
΢ʱлǸʣ֪᲻ԼߣоѾǿֲĳ̶ˡ
Ҳôࡣ
΢ʱȥְСӵĴȷʵ׷ʴȽ϶⣬ԼлĻȷʵܹһȽռ䡣
ĵطֱ͸һϻ£ۻһµġ
˸оʮֵĲ֪֮ǰʲôӣڿྡˡ
ŰСӵƸ̣˻ǸڹģݣһЩȽɣΣϵ͵ĻǻԺԭİӸɵġ
ЩĻڰӳڣɱĹ
΢ʱ㿪һϸۿ֮ǰ΢ʱЩѾȷϸֲ֣࣬Ƕͼ¼ڲᡣ
飬Ѿʲôˡ
ڻԺ˿ڼеĵطĸࡣ
֮ǰѩĹСŮĹǵͰ
ǳڵƺûô
֮ǰСŮֱ޽⣬֩ķʤûϵͳѾˡ
΢ʱ뵽ְ⼸ϵͳѶûа취ϵ϶Է˼ǷҪɱ˲ܽϵͳ»
²ߣȻˣҲġ
ԺеĽܣƽ˻ȥΧ˻ûôЩݣƽоܲϷ
ƺбģǵĿıȷˡ
ֵһᣬ½½˽ˡ
ŸҲû˹
ϳǸͦߵĹһȦߵ΢ʱߣ΢ʱվ˽ˡ
¶һˬʵЦݸкллҽпǣء
ЦиȾ¶һڽ׵СɫƤʮֵĽͷҲӰ⡣
΢ʱһ£΢ʱ
ĵֻ硣
Ǽûʲôӣ͵͵ĴʵЩﻵˣһ·ûʲô˺졣
ͷˣߴߴȻҶ̫ʶǴ˿Ҳʼ졣
Ͼ΢ʱ˭ûֻ
ǻûסСĵ̽СΣҲʡ𣿡
źܸɾЩЩ롣
΢ʱ˵ͷСһﻵӣ˳
˵⳵ʱȥμӰԱѵģѵ֮Ҫȥˣ֪ںǲ忪ġ
ӶԻУ΢ʱ֪Ǹģ΢ʱҪܶ࣬ǳȵĲУ󲿷˶ˣչżСèһʼûߣǵ˺棬ʵûа취ˣֻܴСèһߡ
һ·ˮˣʳҲĵĲˣŵ
˵Сè¶һźèͷϻаɫèèᡣ
һֻţèʮֵİô΢ʱ
ǰϧСèԴСè͸˻˻ȥ
΢ʱĻ룬ոֻϲ鿴ݶӵǱˣֻܳڡ
ǣ
ĬĬסСèĶ䣬
˸⣬Լ֪Ϣ΢ʱн˵Ŀ˱׼ҲǳڣСڳдӵ𣿡
Ϊ֮ǰѸ߹Ժе˵öˣġ
ֻڸбˣǸոͨԱдϢҵܹһѵˣܹõ
΢ʱһ㶣Ȼһϵ֮ǰûϢҪĻӦڳе˰ɡ
ЩԺԲƣûбϻδ֪
΢ʱ㵽˸ϵǣϾ濴ıȽϣϵˣûе绰Ҳͽ͡
ҡҡͷ⣬ûиһ˲˵ڲܴʱǻûϵȵ˸˵ɡ
ǵͷ˵һЩ¶һЦݣԭˡ
ֶһᣬһЩϢʻ˿ڣ˹·
ǰĴͳͨ裬ߴߴŸʽĻ
΢ʱ⣬Ѿ쵽ˣ˵ʵЩˡ
ϵҲꤣ˿յڵϻһƿˮûʲôʳ
ԱߵĿǷ˷ļҵôˣó֮ǰڼĸɣˮ
⻹Ǹ¸տʼѹȶͣûа취ԣѧʳİ취
һ˺ܶൽڶûг꣬ĳղУĶǿܳԣĴûʲôζɰͰ͵ģŸɾˮȥ
΢ʱûгԶ˼ΧꤵѾʼЩ궯ˣǵʳѾĹˣԸɱоˮˡ
˵֭ȻѳԵǿܺá
кƤʿҪǲṩʳģǾôϷˮ֡
Ƿ˸ۣû
ЩҲûȤǰҪվ΢ʱЩͷĴӱ˵
ӺЩʵ˻ȥʲô鶼ûзһ
Ŀɿڴͣ
ǳԵļҭһСƿˮ˳ĿڣͷͿһֻûСƿˮݵǰ
һŤͷͿ΢ʱһ£ͼ΢ʱšƿǣʾȡ
ҭܣ˲°ƿŻ˹
ԷֽԴŤ˹ȥĿǰûҪʲôʳ
˲ͺ˲֪ҭģʲô
Ǿϴ˵ûԹıݸ΢ʱûпŮø첲ײײŵͷ̱
ȱʳˮЩó˳ԵĶЩ߰ʳԵĺãоһЩҪ鷳
ϾǳԵĶҲܺãвҪ˹Ҫˡ
û뵽Լһ㣬΢ʱЩܣҲŲ̫Ҫû뵽Ůֱڶ
΢ʱ
ֻܵлֽ
ǻΪ᲻óԣϾʳںϡȱǻԺҲЩ˰׳԰׺һٵġ
ҧҧ˿ֲرĹкøС
΢ʱжİĬˣǲ̫һ㣬ޱ˱ѹ˿ǵ
ס˶ԷͱľٶǲЩΣͲͷˡ
֪Է᲻óԣ˼ҵöˣ̣һ·϶ûٸҸ΢ʱ˵
΢ʱ˸Ƿ˼СѣϻǲҪζʳˣ磬ϵ˻۵˯ˡ
΢ʱҲѱĴ棬ֹ͵ԣȻĶڿռˡ
α۾ʼϢһƬ͡
ɫͳھûôгˣһţٳûп΢ʱϳĲЩ
ȻѾԱݣܸ˭һͲܹˡ
΢ʱþûг֣֪ûкϸ񣬻ǵĳ
˵һģȵҪþòܼСˣ͸ӵżˡ
лӢڼ˵֮£³ѯһ¸ղǹİԱڳڻ˵ϻˣǵϵҲͨС
ѯʲûеõʲô΢ʱ϶֪
ֻܵȵ˸֪ˡ
˼ҡҡͷЩйλϡ
½ۿʪֹס˵զ죬һڳ᲻ɶ£һСһզ죿
ٵʱзӸܲոջһ㶫Ҳֻϵù
˶΢ʱһ˻ô
˵ȴͬʱ΢ʱǱӣǼ죬Щһ˵Ϳˡ
лӢǳ˳飬ĳ½ļ򣺡С갡㵹ǲõģСӦܱԼġ
Ҳ׷װο½
ѽС꣬Сο϶ûµģǸȥ˵ǶˣӦûʲôΣˡưĺܺãоԼԺúõϢˡ
ûȸûæСľˣİɡ
û⣬Ҹոոӵ˵ˡ
΢ʱоӵΣһ㣬Ͼǿû΢ʱ޷˶ȡʤУݶڣۺֻǿ˼ߡ
ոڳǰµǶŮһĬһզզĵǰ棬лӢܾǸں˲Σյġ
˱ŭŶͷˣ֫嶯ȴŮˡ
˾ôŵ˳ɫİʿǹϵ˭֪澿ʲôˡ
˵ʱ򣬳ϵ˶ͦòģɵ
ǵ俴˸ɴ˺棬˭ǡ
ŮһϳɨһȦܣֱˡ
ǵǰ£лӢɨһˣĹ۲š
¾ûʲôˣ̿ʼϢһֱ磬궯
ʽĶΣ򿪷ܳһСС壬˯˾ųԵ㶫
֮ǰˮװ˼ƿ棬ĵóһƿЩ
ڵĿյҲͱһЩˮȷر
ò͵ֻռʳģǶЩҴԴȣĻûʲôԳˣһ·ϻĹˡ
ҲҳԵĶܵ͵СɽϪˮǼȹˣζűԣҲѳԡ
ڵĴ˶Ŭ˯ţͼʡһ٣лӢ˵м䣬ոմӱóװűӵϴǰͶһƬӰ
ոǰ˲֪ʲôʱλվת泯лӢ
Ϸ糾͵ĲÿЩƣ¶һ˿µĺۼ
һʵŮˣлӢЩĿˣĸߴЩֱ࣬۹ĹĵЩĺۼ
һûɷĿлӢͷıӣ˵ҡ
лӢΪԼˣĿǰˣ߬װűϴԷ
˼ûʲôӦѹȴŴһЩҲûôң
ΧһСȦ˶￴˹ڳͻأ
ոջǰŮҲͷֱĶлӢеıӡ
ûʲôӦ˲
ΧѸתعͷȥȫ㿴﾿ʲô顣
ңˣ
˶ݺݵı黹ûά룬ͼǰӲߵŮ˰еıԱһţ˸գһһȭᵽϡ
вǲǣҪҪҪҸ
½ŻߵֱӰ˴ĵزﱾͲˬеʵù˭ǵͷϡ
˴Ӹߴ˴͵棬ڵϲʡ£һȭ½ʮˣΧ˶ûҪæ˼ȫҪ֪˾ʲô¡
ոջλϵŮ˼һܵ˵ߵһңΪʲôԵ޹ʴˣ
˵ĿˢˢĶˣֿ˿ˡ
ҪԵĻҪҧңҴǹлʲô
лӢ侲˵ţΧֵ˶¶ЦݣֻĿˡ
Ůܻ˵ǸҵţϹһл壬ȸҪǺÿ
ɫŹֵĿмЩãȻлӢ
л㣬ʲôʱеˣ
ôˣû⺢˵



45 һͿյ
Ҳ֪, ˵İɡ
Ůһ㶣ʲô˭ܺϹϵģʱ²̨
⼸ŮҲʹϵ, ΪʲôϵһʼЩĵ, ȫˡ
Ů˼ŵлӢͼ˶̲סЦ˳
ŮЦ߳ŭ, Ҫǡ
ֻովͱ½˦һƣ񾭲浱Ǽ, ҲĶ, ûؤԻ֪ҡβء
Ů˱һ˦ϣûзֳһš
ȥˣվڼ˵ǰѽ˵Ǻαأ˵Ϲеģʲôϵ, һȷʵŮ˰Ȱ𷸺Ϳ˵ƭ˻˼Ǯء
ŮĻűߵĶһ, 亹ֱð, ۵˵
ΧҲ˹ϣŲ֪ʲôȨҪӺ漸ϻúôܾ֮ҪȨѹˡ
˼Ҳһֱ˻ֱִֻĵͰ
ûͬķĿ
Ůֻڵϻһ, ѻڻеϡ
ͼ̵ĸڱ֮ˡ
Ժıۣһ
֮ǰһˣԳһĶл壬ڵһЩϢ֮뿪ˣ˵Ůȥ־С
ţǲŶԷƭֻܼϣڵ˸֮ϵˡ
ڵ˸ԱεҲƵ˵ʱͲУֻܻ³
ǰİԱάϳרء
ϵļֺʾһӪأڰɫǽȻĶ飬˲ɵȰ
ڽ֮ǰλѾкˣϵȵܱǰӦļ˽ߡ
ɫʿ˻ڳڶнӦͱĸ˴Ҳһ
Щڸǰǰ˵õģЩ˶ǿͿһʵЩɻƭɣǴɾͲһǧôˡ
ÿ˶ǿƺɫļҩˮƳֹרҩ
ͣ˺ζܲˮ
˱˴һȭ֮ЩʵˣŮ˵߲ٳͷ
Ů˺ҩˮڶУŰԱĹԴ亹ֱðԽԽš
ԼһûɵĿֻţһأһǸƭأ
ЩԲȥĲ֮һԺҪطڼУֽҲŶ׵촽ǿװ򶨡
Աڴǽ֮ͣһᣬһиʮִϢڴ˴ͣȴԱõļ׺ͻϴ
ɫƷİԱɨһȦȺǣĿڼͣ
Ŀڼ̺͸ոǸŮ֮ǰصѲƺЩȷ
иûµǰʵС磬£һĶ˻Ůˣ
ԱüǰǸСͲ󣬼ĹϵȴСһֵãòŻǵˡ
Ȼش𣬵ӿ˵ǸлϢ͸¶һͷи㡣
Աϼ
Ŷǳȥܼҽ𣿡
ǵģлѰˣӦûһЩ
˵һЩЩ˵лӢģİʾһĿȻŮЦˡ
һصĳԹȺֻĿɫɷ׵Ůˡ
Ů˶µĸˣ̫壬ֻʣһͷˮĹʲô
ʲô鰡ٴҲϹϵ
˵ǵϣư̯̯֣û취ˣȰˡ
һĿȻ궫֮״ɢȻ˸ԵĸͲĳˡ
лӢ󵭵ĿŮһۣżһͬ˷䡣
סǴ׼䣬ȻֿڸԵķ䣬Ҳ档
½ֿʼ΢ʱܾ˲Ͳ̤ʵ
ɵĿʵл㣬СǱߵզ£˵Ǹһģôû
лӢҡҡͷ֮ǰսȥʱұѾǼǵİԱ˵ãǺ˵Сƺۺ̫ߣѾٽѵˣҲһ룬Ȼͷϵϻ壬ٴɣ֮Ҳܣͷİɡ
½̾˿ֻܵͷȴϢˡ
ʽʼ
΢ʱߵִʱҲѾˣ͸һһ·ϿǵĻֶ
ߴߴû꣬΢ʱźٻش𣬵ǾѾܺˣԷԸƺЩ䵭ûйϵܹ˵΢ʱԸǳˡ
֪ôģֻǰߣһ³ͿһƬĺ
һ֮ϣǱȽƫƧĳˡ
ʩȴǼģһܺˮƣ΢ʱоҪӶ쳣ѡ
ͳǺѿȥС·ˣֻ³һС·ƽ̹к紵߻ϼѤãʤա
߽ˣȻ΢ʱ˻Ժۼ⼸֡
˷׷׾ҲЩԾס΢ʱĸ첲
΢ʱҪһͷֵʯĸо
ôˣ
΢ʱԵʵ
Щ˼ķſ֣ôֵˣɲֹǸˣۼ߸ѵˣǺҪϰԱˡ
ллأֱͿˣǰ׼õɶӣ˸
ſ˷ӣ΢ʱҲںƵ߽
ĹǾװģķĲ֣ǼţͶĳѵҡ
ɫǽڻЩУˮǽڿȥܺʵ
һȫյĿռ䣬̧ͷֻܿķȦס졣
һʱ˲֪εģġ
΢ʱĿһȦֵһС䣬һϴ̨̨ˮС֮һ䡣
ԡڶ׿Աûʲôʪ룬Ҳûˮëͦģ֮ǰҰǿˡ
򿪾ϴ̨İɫӣмֽһˢ
ٹССķ䣬һŴֻܴһװ*һ׵ӣǿ˯ͷһյСƣ֮ůƵĵƹӡ
Сܵͷһûдӣ΢ʱоȫʮ㣬ø·ĸоķǳĺá
סַ棬Ǹǵġ
ÿϨʱ9㣬ɱ˯ˡ
ڷС棬߻һСⷿھûбļҾˡ
΢ʱʱַļ̺ãоռȵĲУó֮ǰ½
ոսʱõַĲʳһƿɫǹ֭һĶ
ƿǼģһžͺˣ΢ʱѰ˼ζ治
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˵ʵʳѾܲˣ·ϲ˳ԵĶҪˣŲ˷ѵԭѸٵĽ꣬һ͸оҲ
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ֻҪԵÿ죬Щζɢȥ
΢ʱ׷һƬϣĴɨо֡
ʰһУ΢ʱϴ˹裬ԡڵˮСˮϴһڵҲ˹ĸã½ܹϸϸ
ٴ㣬еһš
΢ʱϴڴϣǽмèС
֪ǿڸڣ˵ʵͦԻȻѳҲ
Ȼһʳﶼǹ̶ģʳǲġ
ǶԴҲûʲôԹԣЦŶˡ
΢ʱ֮ǰѩĽᣬ֪ôĻЩСﲻ֪Ҫô죬ϾᣬֻڰԳЩѣ޴š
Ҳõȵ˵
΢ʱͷ££ٴκϵͳûʲôӦ̾˿򿪽СƳ
Ʒˢ£
ƴ*1
֥ʿϺ*6/
ݮ2kg*1
΢ʱ˲ʹӴЩϵͳ𣿡
ûʲôӦСƳƷķḻ̶Ⱥ֮ǰ£΢ʱȻľϵͳˡ
Ǽ󣬾þûлӦ΢ʱϵЦʧ㿪壬ǻ˵ģûκε
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뵽һܣѵ˵֮ǰŮڸˢµĶҲŲ
ȻͷܿͱѹˣϾŮڸпܻͬһʱڽԺС
ʵҲᵽ룬ȻûС
΢ʱȥָĵĴ壬Ŷ߷ӵ˯ȥ
һû˯΢ʱȻտʼ˯ĺܳڰҹɱǿƿˡ
ڴһᣬ֮Ҳ˯ˡ
컹ǺڵģڴһϸϸèǰɳӣǱܡ
֪Լʲôʱ˵ǽһᣬŷֲèһ
ڿڡ಻΢ʱ˸Ƿ׼
ѾϨˣ΢ʱֻԼСֵᵽǰ濴˿һƬڵģȫˡ
֪ûаԱվڣ򿪴ϵĲֻ˻ΣҪʲô
ָոȥûпʲô͸оһǺһȷ紵ֱϡ
΢ʱ⧲Ѹٽֳ˻
խ˽ٳصּͨ죬ʹ˦˦֣һֻֿٵĽӹֵͲžһˡ
ĺڰв֪Ʈȥһʲôվ¥ڣ泯΢ʱڵķŴ
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ſҹİԱͳˣ΢ʱܺͷһֵĳڶ϶ġ
˾ԱҪߺܶ࣬Ȼġ
΢ʱűӣеֵͲ߬˵ʵôӵķӦʱ䣬Ѿõˡ
Ķʱͣʧȥģǹɺʧ֮΢ʱŸĺ
ôǵЩУƺûôߵĴڡ
ǸڵĿҲûô߲Ŷԡ
΢ʱЩ֣ѸٽϣȷĶ֮ſʼ˼Բߡ
ȣⶫ氲ԱȻûвڰⶫҲ޷ȷʲô
һȷⶫѣٸһĺڰп嶫վǰˣⶫҲûнĲˡ
뵽֮ǰѩĴɽ׹ѵ˵ĵһĶǱ
֮ǰɷҩˮ˾裬һäĿ˹ٷ֮ǰرֵȨΣĩ
ЩҩˮֻܴûԵĹܱĻǾ԰ȫġ
΢ʱ˼˼ӣںϵԱߵĿǣʲô
óȻĻ֪涫᲻̹
Ͼֻǽ֤Ķѣδ֪
ǽиڵĿǿвͨˣ΢ʱĦеֵ磬кȻһ󵨵뷨
ļ֮󿪹ضͦģ˵Ⱥ˷һ㶯Ҫ࣬΢ʱɴСĵ͵͵Ĵӷȥԡ
ֵмߣʲô档
ܲĩˣһͷƮڰոɣ
뵽΢ʱ˴Ϻ˼ʱļƤĵĴŷ졣
澲ĵģûʲôһȻЩ֣ǵ÷š
еķ䶼ֻһСԿҪȵڶ죬ЩԱ򿪣Ϊҩˮ۲һ졣
Ǵ˿ķ׾ٵĴˣһˡ
ֵͲ˿ϵۣȷʵѾ˵ġ
˵һķ۶Ǵ򿪵ġ
еķֻҪһǻᱻ
ԭվŸڵİȫԱʧˣû
΢ʱһЩĴǴ򿪵ģȣͼͨͨ磬Сèûд򿪷ĴֻŷڲͣĺĴ
һЩŴķ䣬ߵȵ棬ܿͷ֣ڵĴϾȻеѪ
Ѫ۹˴ڵķĴǱıˣмԲԲģһʲô忪ġ
΢ʱ濴һۣǿߵĴѪ
ֲԤУСĵƿ߽ȥ鿴˳ֽռͳĵ
õӣֵ⧲յһڴѾʬ塣
˰ʱڴǰŵˣ˿ڴϣ۾ǻһ˶ģѾͿѪ
ⱻڵĸɸɾǱӹθɾϡ
ֻһۣ΢ʱסͣٵĴӷ˳ȥСĵĲԼһͲÿҲ֪澿ʲôˡ
˸ո⣬ֻǳԹһ㽫ؿڳ˸ɾ
Ǹովǰפ㣬ÿٵûصȷԼİȫܽˡ
΢ʱķڶ죬ֵյһһಱһĳĶڸߴ
΢ʱ༸ɤֵĴҿǶûԼص䡣
ʤߣ΢ʱվ˷ǰǰȴ֪ʲôʱһûͷţԼķ⡣
ͬʱһĵ𣿡



46 л˵
΢ʱû󵽵ʲô, һδת
ֻһĲҽУ΢ʱͿһűȥһ, ѪܵƶҪ, ˲
һߣ͵ĳ΢ʱ˽
ȻſĴһǵһԲͷ, ȳζ˳΢ʱ֪ոֵôˡ
ʬϵⱻڵӦþǱһһ׵سԵˡ
΢ʱһͷ, ǰ, Բܱ׷ϡ
ͷʮֵļӲһֻǵûܵʲô˺
Ĳӻڲϵ쳤΢ʱ̷󺰣ͼ˵ע⣺˱ɹˣ˿
˯˺ܿͱĶˣ΢ʱܴ, ǵĺĹٶȸӵĿˡ
εδѪŪһƬǽ壬ҪſʲôǷǻŵģһСͷ汻֪ʲô
ڻϨŵڵĸʲô״, ֻʣô, ʲôˣ
û֪澿ôˣںܿߴߴĳһƬ
ײţûܳˡ
΢ʱŷ, ķǱ򿪵ģҲǵùֻ˻ڼ˵ϵİԱЩ˶ѾƶǣеҲ֮ǰһԵˣϵԿҲûţӦǱˡ
ܿܵȵľͷĲӼƳһ룬߶ϣȴûа취ټ޵չˡ
Ӷ˵΢ʱոտһûûʲôӰ죬Ѿʼˡ
Դһ²ӣⲱͬһҲ˿̹Ѵ΢ʱ¶һЦ˻ȥٳ΢ʱ
΢ʱͷļͷƻˣ֪Ϊʲôûз쳣Ҫȵ˰Ա࣬Ҫٹʮӣʱ˵ˡ
еĿΨһİ취ȸɵֻ
һӲϾǱɣ΢ʱϵĻصոķ䣬ϵʬ廹ţǽŹϡ
ȻһϸϸĶߵűһô˽
ոջڳֵһ˲ְ˳˯һ㡣
΢ʱƴ漷ҲЩ˯ǹѪζƺ˷ݵζڲԭеĸо
ԾҪ¸һָо
ַڴʬϵʱˣſͷͷ΢ʱĿ̰
ˣ
΢ʱһץסͷȻͿסⶫһӣ΢ʱһʼŵĲᣬڸоöˡ
ץסͷĹһ㶣ͷ΢ʱһӼӲ޷
ԴҪͷĿȨκ΢ʱץס˰κӣһʱѷ¡
΢ʱֻץͷͽͨ죬СĿռ䱾ĳΪܺܲѣֻڲ
ֱ΢ʱŲ·ܽﶼЦЦвͶˡ
Ǵ˿ЦˣŮץסͷţҪҧԷȴĽ赲ȥͳһţ˭ܲˡ
ﱻߵӶˣ΢ʱ˿ûֻĶʱ׼Ľ
һ˫ֿǯס΢ʱƣѡ쳤Ϊ̬޷ʹԭСɱ֫ˡ
˲һ΢ʱ¼ʮţ߱ˣƺҲܲʳǰԼֻܸɿţ˲ԴƤһ
΢ʱһţֻ뻢޻ˡ
ЦţŴ౶
΢ʱ¶һ΢Ц˳ַſĵͷ
ŵͷڱſһ˲ͱٵأȫͷķ򣺡
Ļ˵һ죬ͷͷԴصͷĿǽ֮䣬תȥҲ첻
ԭǺĺˡ
΢ʱûôӿռȡ̿һϰͱȼŵľ̿˽ȥ
﷢ĲҽУƤѸٵıӲԴɢһŵģպ˵ζ
ӵͷͣĽҪ⵹̼飬ͷ޼£ֻĴǻճ⡣
ⷿʲôãǷҲûʲôյģһ˲ﶼʼˡ
˭ô̼飬ǹҲУԴѸٸɱҲĹ˴ڡ
Դȵһ顣
΢ʱѸʰôӿ̿ǱͷҲյ⣬Դᴩһտǩӡ
΢ʱһŹԴ洫һŲ
ǰԱˣȵĵ˲ˣ΢ʱӷ˳ȥӭϼ𾪵˶еǹ
΢ʱ̧̽˳ָָѾ׳һȦĲӣҲǹǹѾˡ
ԱɫҪŤͷֽȥڵϵĹͷﱻƶǵˡ
Ǹϵ飡ͷĶӳɫ࣬ʹһɫԱߵĶԱ
΢ʱҲûΪѶԷһڵϵĹȷ͸֮˳ɶԱԼ
з˶˳˽ԭί֮ͷӳŽ΢ʱſ
ᣬҲܸӲҲЩ顣
ȫµЩδͬ¡ļԹصġ
˵Ѿôץ֮ǰȹҩˮǲûʲôãôڸô˲űɹҴôðԱû
˭֪أô㲻Ҳû˵صľҲ˺üǸ΢ʱģ˵ˡ
Цȫûˣԣұ֤޻ء
˰ɣ˯һ˼Ҷ˶ûѣ֮УľǸŮˡ
΢ʱɱЩ۵̧ͷͿ֪ʲôʱߵǰǸˣϣ⡣
΢ʱ̯̯֣ʾûʲôӽһǺ£˽⵽Ҫ˰ԱҲ£һô˾ٿԹΣա
ĹػĲǺܺã΢ʱﱻ˰죬ûˮ
ûϵ⣬ܻȥ˯ˡ
˸Ƿһ˫۾Ϊƣоͷһ˿ˮ⣬࿪ӣ΢ʱÿһ·ͼ˳ȥ
ҹѱ۵Ҫ񾭹󿪴ͣ˿̷ɵ˼㣬ƮѶҵġ
Ϊոյ飬סˣЩ˵ײô񣬰ҲͶȥŸһֻۣһֻۣ˶Է⡣
΢ʱյһµļף֮ǰһͱƵȫһǸ׵ĶԱָָһķ䣬ıҲ˳
΢ʱ·䣬ӳ˵Щ˼һˡ
΢ʱ˵Ҫȥ˲ȥļȥ˶Աָŵİɫ䡣
˵ͷǱȥᱧèҲ˳Ѭ˹ȥСèҧѵģ΢ʱ飬˷ܵҪٶһᡣ
΢ʱǷӣջֻкСΣȥǻᣬһ߰ɡ
΢ʱ˿еĽ׺˵Ҷ˵Ұ·䣬ҾͲһˡ
æĵͷŶŶõġ
Сèȥ˽˵Ȼ˾ǻвͬĴġ
΢ʱûٽܱ˵Ĵһ·ߵ˸ոնԱָķ䣬Ŀռ࣬ɫǽƺŵһˢζһϴ̨ʪĶ߹Сɳɳ׷ңһſ֮ǰĴϻһȴ
һװСһӡ
΢ʱֽļ̺ãţ˻ͷԩһ£˼Ρ
֮ķҲһͺãһ´Ṥҵ絽װԢ΢ʱӦãһ˯ˡ
ڣתӣŸո߽¶һЦݣôѷøǸˣ
ɫܺã۸ĸˣһƤЦӣܲϲǵɵᷳں׽Ƿꡣ
ϱûû÷ڵ飬ضҪʮûϱΪʲôô飬㶼˼һ£
ϵЦݲֻǱЩ䣬һڳ˵ҵ϶Ա򲻹һˣֻҩﶼûܹһͰˣҵ˺һˣҲְ֪ʲô˼ҶӳҵҪ˼ʲô
¹û취׷κ˵ͷϣǿϰ߽ƤЦӣĻŭ𼸺ǿƲס˳
ǰһѾס˽ðĳӣҶ˵ˣƤЦӳһףҲԣ̬ȣлҾ
Цĸˣ޵Цƣݺݵץס죬һЩôվڣ˲ͲˣŶԸɣ
ǽڷһѣԼ֣һˤų˼ҡ
תŮ˼Ц鷳ļҪƲסԼ
лΪʲôôһĸˣ˴ûм񾭲
ӹ˶Աĸλվ˸⣬Ǹж˵ˡ
ôֵ˻ࡣ
΢ʱ˯ѵʱͣӰҶķ϶˽Щȣ¶ȣܵķΧ
΢ʱϴһʱڲߵ㲻ûȫĵֻƾŸо˯
Ϻܰ˶ûѣһȦûͷдӿռóͿʼԡ
򵥳С΢ʱһ
΢ʱָװڣС°͡
ǶȿԷһ˵ڷ𣿡
΢ʱ򿪷ţ˳ھĵûʲôˣҶ˯С
ǹǰ棬ʾϣӪǱ֪ͨСΣ֮ǰôû˵ʶл
΢ʱãȻһ˲ʲô˭
תͷɫӵĿڸոգӵ֪ͨ˰΢ʱȥһĸ
˵лǱߵˣһʼڻԺнڿʱѵĺˡ
ʱǰļ˵ǸһģǾɫͨչ涨΢ʱӦñӵǱȥŶԡ
ûкʵ֮ǰܹڿҪ˵ģһ˿ڴ΢ʱͨԣٿѡʱ򣬶ԷҲܹҪҪ
ֱӱߣǽлǰˣڿĸӵӪ㱨˵Ľҵˣھڸȷ˼˵ݡ
ĻҲˣ첻֪΢ʱʵУҲͲ˵ʲô
Ǽ΢ʱĴҲﲻסˣôõİӾȥɫֱͨǱ
ûסһ죬ϣһĴ𰸡
û뵽΢ʱĲ֪л˭תѹŻеļʵһĶлл壬ĲʶȥʣǲǸˡ
΢ʱЩ֣뵽л̵֮ǰĻԺеݣɣ
ӿĲ΢ʱҲԸһЩлǲилӢ
ԽŲһ٣ѵת΢ʱսеǹôɰɣ
΢ʱӦûӳȷʵʶ㡣

ľһ˲һǰ棬΢ʱ˹ȥ
۸źŲȶõͨѶߣָָϵʾ΢ʱ绰
ι
ιС𣿡
ǵģ΢ʱ
΢ʱ˵һ绰ͷһϲ̾ϳǳ½㣺СΣҵˣ⺢ӻˣл֪ͨǱߵĸ˻㣬ֱӹУǿɵˣϵˡ
΢ʱ¶һЦݣõĳ½㣬û£Ҷ𣿡
أû⣬ȹʰʰϳɡ
ã֪ˡ
΢ʱĻЩңһ˿ҲˣûиأֱӰ˽ˡ
΢ʱ˵绰¶һЩɬЦݣû
ıûд򿪹һˣţĳѾڵˣ΢ʱЩʲô飬Ƕ໰ˡ
ĸ벻Ǹ룬Ƚٻˣ½鷳ҵҲףòߣȸǡ
ЩҲû˵ñҪȻԷһֻǵ²ߣû᲻ߣ˵ֻԵΣ΢ʱϳֻ˵һ䣺Һܿͻ˶ӳ
˰֣΢ʱĳﳤȥ̾˿лͲ˵ģ΢ʱˣûеֵͨԱɡ
˵֮ˣټǾ¼ˡ
ճ΢ʱٴ۸ĳţǸװԽҰͷīɫĲз·һ˾³һֽӲӵ̫ϵĺ߲Ǻȡ
ڸʻŮûлͷһԲ΢ʱǰĿյС±СܾеƺһֱڶԼ
ۣڳѲһȦںӾжһ˫Ϥ˫ۡ
-----------------------
л˵²˭



47 ֻҪ
Ѭ, ΢ʱȴоԼ׹ߣ˫Ϥˣлԡ
΢ʱû뵽Ȼл, ôģô
ʻ˿ų˿ˮó绰ʻϵˣ
ƽ, ʧôã֮ǰһֱڵ, ҵˡ
Ů˵ᣬ΢ʱɫĿһʻλŮˣһźлЩƵĲ, ȴлԸӵһЩ
绰ݵ֮ͨ, л԰ᣬлӢӵ绰洫
壬С𣿡
л΢ɲĳһۣʮʮСģ嶼ûת֣ҡ
绰ͷ㶣лЩϲСԣ𣿡
лӦһ, ˵ǵģ·Сˣոհҽϣϡ
һԵлҲ˵, Ǵ20Ӿ͵ˡ
úú, СΣãССٽܸʶ
лͷһЦ, ΢ʱ˸к
á
ã㡣¶һЦݣʶĺ˻ڿ˫۾
΢ʱŴлӢĽ˽⵽֮Ĺϵôöû߳лԵӰԭڰ·ϾĴ̡
绰ְ΢ʱקԼı˵ʲôˣֻһһˡ
лԵȴǽĶл忴˼ۣƺǲ֮ķΧ̫ԾѾܾûмԼֻС˼ֶŮˣԼĸоǵĳĬֹԣڵķܺܿ˵ߡ
ԸеĶЩ᲻Ȥ˹ʲôΪ֮פ㣬Ѿź˺ܾˡ
γѰлӢ;Уڰ·Ҳľϲ
л岻ĵĽˣǴǰӣڿȻ
뿪ЦʵôСʶ
лԵڱܿߡ
лоոն˶ëˣ΢ʱںЩӲıֱûпϡ
΢ʱ֮һоԼŵıըˣҪҪھеһУͷ
֪Ϊʲôϵͳʧ֮֮ǰеĸйٶʧһ㣬֮ǰеһжΣյԤ֪Ӱ
뻹ǴΪհȫ΢ʵţ˶Ϊشոյˣȴ˵ʶ
лתŷ̹չһ䣬һۣЩ棺СΣͬ𣿡
˽⣬лûʲôѣ˵Щά˼ʹϵ
ʶ˻϶͹ߣҲ˳Ȼˡ
΢ʱʾ֪֭ôش˵ǳˣлϽ°ɡ
һ𣬸о綼Ұˡ
̫졣
лԣ˫ÿ۾½ͶϣȻص̾һ΢ʱһЦֲԾ˳ѣھ߰
лЦЦûʣ֮ĸоԣǵȵ˻˵
ԽҰһ·ʻƽ̹ڿǳͨ裬ͣаԱл徴
ͷ͹΢ʱһĶе㲻̫˽⣬Ȩƺܴڸôϸķ£Ҫˣȫơ
лӢǰĹϵ˵
ڵһĸ֮΢ʱŰҲƵ˳лӢͳ½㼸˾͵ڸſڣ֡
˵СһؾˣаԱлĳ˽ȥɡ߽˸
΢ʱǰڳǰ󳳴ֵһŮ˴˿ƵһԵĽ䡣
ȷݵİԱ˿̵ĳ˴롣
Ů˶ſΧˣǿелк˸Ͳ֮ǰõˡ
лҵ˶ʮֵĸôҲܿһŮԣ̱ڵϣԱߵ˴˿ҲƴҪŮ˴ӵק
޴Ŀ־ͻĵϯˣ֮ǰŵΪ˿ֻ޾ľźͺ¡
ȷ˼˵֮һߵİԱŮγѰ㣬˻ߵĺܣлôǸŮˣ
֮ǰЩίȫʲô
Ǹ˾˭ΪʲôҪƭ
ʵֻҪϸ˼ףѵͣе鶼Ҫ۵ģ¿ʼ̱֮䲡ƬƬְ취ıȡˡ
ֻǲԼƭˣϹҲһֻ۱һֻۣ˶ĵ·ʧȥʧȥ˵ߣֻΪ˻ȡһ
ߵˣ˵ЩѾˣʼ˲Ծʱĳϴṵ̈ռӣɱ˵۾ھֻܳͷµȵĿˡ
˻ߵĺţллһʼ˵ĿľͲһϵҲֻ᲻ͣѹեײˡ
˶Ĭǵ³Ϊȫֵͬ飬λöԵָ侮ʯ
Աǽ˵л·Ͼ˽⵽ȥ˰֣뿴й
½ù΢ʱİСΣشǰȫˣ֮ȥģҪҪһл˵ǰŹסһ׼棬һλ㡣
һʼնԼ΢ʱһЦݣ֮ǰұ۸֮밲ӣҶӳҲϣһߵİԱڡ
ԣ׷״˹⹤ͦΣյģҪǴһʣ
ллӢл˴˿ȥ˸Ļҡ
˼棬˽лӢ·΢ʱл˵˸߰˰ˡ
ԭأһǲôİǨȴȳȥ˳㿴лԻ᲻лǱߵͨѶ߸жϣ֪Ǹʲô
ԭǵʱõѡ񣬵ǵ˺ҲòǰǨô͸лԴˡ
лҲʱȥлӢ·Ժߵлԣ˾ôžˡ
л˵ĻϵĲ豭һڣûô˵޳ָ
΢ʱûиĶһѹγ֮ʧˣЩ΢ʱƴĳǰ׷ϣµĺۼڶȫʧˡ
ŭģѩֻоһŻա
ô꣬һһ飬ôȫƿء
л԰ͰĴѩߵ˻ԺиС̣ųҪȥ룬΢ʱһҲܺԺС
ȴ룬֮ľ֮׷΢ʱĽŲȴʼռ
һ뵽лԾ;Լڱ˺ǰ侲Գֵŵ谭Щ꣬ҲֻһЩ
ҵ˼ָšһɽᣬ˶ĲԾһۣлӢʵСԣôˣ
л̧ͷ˫۾ĺ棬ѩҹ̤Ļԭ
ûʲô
·ϵԵĺ˵ʡ΢ʱϵܡ
ֻ˵˴ͬУ治Сʧɢˡ
лӢȻЦЦ˵Ȼɺϡ
лͷûв֮΢Χܾ֮ʲôΪ֪˶ûд˵ҲͲ̽ˡ
ˣ㣬ҰڳڵľȸһͿԹȥˣСԣʲô㣿
лԣʱûá
лͷûϵٸҲС
֮˶صԼ׷֮С
׷Ƚ⣬˻۵С䣬΢ʱһֱûţ½㼸˽أװ˯Ŷ˹ȥ
ķ䲻󣬸֮ǰסǸȽϺõСһģҶʪȵĿ洵˽ķ羰Ҳˣ΢ʱſڴߴһ磬ľĸоȥһЩ
СƳˢ˶Ĵ򿪣
200g*1
ɿ40g*1
ݮʿ*1
Ʒ΢ʱȡһɿŽн겻΢
һֱ˰ҹ½㵣ĵſţСΰ˯𣿳Ե㶫ɣҴ˵㣬ͷˡ
΢ʱòӦһܹܲǵĺ⣬һֱڷҲǸ취ܵóţһʱ㲻һ˵ˣлҲһ档
ôˣӦѾϢˣܳſռĶ΢ʱҲе㲻þҲóһĶС
ڳţߵʱȻһЩҲѾϨˣ΢ʱֱߵ˲߶ûзʲôˣŴֵͲߡ
һڵһ±СˣϷԱߵĿӣֵ磬Щ֪ôƽ⡣
ԱһϵһյСƱˣ΢ʱоԼֶһ£ϵĿӵһ֭
͵ŤͷҪͿԱߵлԡ
ĿԣֵյлԵϣԷ촽ĵĿ
м䳤ڼǰ˳ǵķʧɫɣΣֻԼݣߵȴñֱ֮ǰӡУҪ˺ܶࡣ
лƯòˣůƵĵƹյһĪεĻĳӰͷﶨһ֡ƯƲ۾
ô
΢ʱߵ˽䣬һļҪ
Ϊʲôô뿴𣿡
ûУֻǱһԣЩˡ
лԴλվĳ
΢ʱԾĿ󣺡ʲôлǱ˵С
лԵĽӽоܲ֪Էǲ֮ǰһ֮ġ
Լʲô˱Ǹȡ裬ϲԼϵܱĸоο˸ʶҲû죬ⱾŮ
ڵĵطǺΣգ֮ǰ΢ʱѾ̹ˡ
ͣס˽Ų޳Ӱһںڰ֮У˿ϵı顣
Ǹֻʣ֮ǰڳôͻȻʧˣ
΢ʱŵеֵͲȻģԺзٵ˼Ѿõļش
˵ʱǲСģΧ֮˳ȥȵڶȥʵʵ˵˵Լѻ˵ףӽ󶼲ҪپԼ
ѩԼѾˣܲΪԼܣ֮ĶԹһʹӽҲϵ
һʱըһ
Ժ˽ս֮ʣлֿˣشҲûйϵֻûˣ㻹𣿡
΢ʱ
ЩǲԼˣʵǶ룬վȷʵû
ԷһʶȤˣʶȤĵ׶һ˿ˡ
һ˿Σܿͱ֮ǰ˼ڸˡ
Щ֪Լܵˣ˵лӢг½ǣԳǡ
Ƕлԣһʼ޷޷֪ʵ뷨
һ΢ʱĲ֮䣬ǴһʼʶʱŲεӾѾˡ
οлԻôûаܹ
͸ӾĲĸо
壬ͼлԵж˵α
лԲ˽ʣ˵СϰһˣҪⷽļܡ
һ·˺ܶ࣬ԺǸֳ΢ʱʱȻ񣬻ֱףԷŵˡ
лԳԲȣеĻЩ죬΢ʱرֱܵţЩȻı̵Ķںڷ֣΢ʱһʱҲûôˡ
л治Ů΢ʱãⱾһƫĩҲдиɻ
һ֮ǰͷѹȥһԼĴǡ
û¡΢ʱѹ֮ǰ뿪ҲԣǸҲǹġ
лԽת˻ǰƺһЩܿ˻ʮֵĽš
ǣ֮ǰҲ㣬ϣҵܣұء
Ȼƺǲ΢ʱеڽ͵ֱСˣ鲻еڶ֪Ҳ֪ΪʲôᣬֻǣֻЩġ
΢ʱҡҡͷ⣬ֻǲ̫ϰߺͱйܵĹϵҲҲ˽⣬Ĺң㣬ԶһЩ
΢ʱԼĻЩˣ˵ڵʱѾˣû취Ѿ̵ܹļˣ֪лԶûж⣬ǶԼİѱоʮֵĿ־塣
ȴֻǺˣ»ص˸ոյλϣƽעԼҪˣȳ԰ɡ
ǰһֻܾèԼצñ˿Ӳ֪Լôᡣ
˵֪㲻ᣬϾԷԶˡ
΢ʱûоܾطеֵͲһ
֪Ϊʲô棬Ǹĺóԣ΢ʱʱʱ۽ɨԱߵŮˡ
ĵĵͷûٿһۣ΢ʱſʼ
ûгʲô֮ǰţ÷ҲûоǿһԵóԵľͣ¡
֮ǰǿɿζͲ֪ȥˡ
΢ʱҪȥˣԱߵлԿ˵ɣ°̻յġ
΢ʱ˶٣û֮󼪡
΢ʱϷţлԲŽת˻ϵȥϴ
׷ķŴ򿪣̽ųԹϵԴ
ڸ𣿡
ϴɣСʳòС⺢ΪʲôҪԼ
֪ʳһɣС⺢ͦûˣɶʱѧգ
Ͳˣ֮ǰϼҵʱȫˣ³׾١
һƬԻư̿޵Ļʾͬ
ⶼϻˣҲʮȫܵġ
ַ׷ױʾͬԴһлϴıӰ۵֮ᡣ
лרĵĽźò˲֣˻ȥֱط̽˳
лӢվſڣĿ˵ķ֮Ѳ
˵֮ʲôϵ
-----------------------
л˵лԺлӢ
΢ʱлӢ
лԣ
΢ʱ



48 ԼС
û˵, жȴĬĬ֧΢ʱԸ²֮Ĺϵ׷˿, ˸Եķ䡣
΢ʱոջһϤ
΢ʱֵͲһ, 󼤶ĲͿ˵ϵͳϵͳ
ϵͳᣬ΢ʱúҡ
ôˣôôö˵ҶΪ, ô£
΢ʱһƺϵͳ崻һڼ˵Ǹ֮ǰ͸֧ǿˡ
΢ʱ׷ʣǺ֮ǰֻй𣿡
ǵ, ֻҪǿйռĴ, ôѲ㣬ֻģʽһҲ˹ϵͳͻ롣
΢ʱȻĵ˵ͷڴ£ԭˡ
뵽һң㲻ǾͿһĿ𣿡
֮ǰϵͳ˵ЩЩþ
ϵͳȴûнȻ, ϵͳѾȰˣܱǸԸΪ֮ǰҵ뷨ٴǸϣȡ½⡣
ϵͳء
΢ʱų׵ķð, ӽ빲, һһֵ˯
ϵͳ̹ϣξȷʵԼȥˣ΢ʱһʼϵͳ, ͳ
ϵͳĵĶҲѡ񳨿顣
Ա㣬΢ʱ˯һþ
ڶ磬ҲԼ̬̹ȻĴ򿪷ųȥ˾һ
һ·ͼ̽ĸ飬˴֮Ҳһλ
ֱãñȳڴ󲿷˶Ҫúܶࡣ
ƴлֻڵһʱ¶һ棬ͼҴҵĸϻȥˡ
ʵȨԱһˣ̫ỹҪһֵλþˡ
΢ʱԴ˵Ǻɣ֮ǰҶӳǱ˽⵽лʵȨȷʵܴ󣬹ϽķΧҲܹ㡣
Ժ˵ǷʮϾǰлеϴлӢ֮ǰʵ̫͵ˣҲûʲô
ŵϢŵﻹһ裬û뵽ס
ǲ̫ߺţȻǷ̫ˡ
Ȼ΢ʱ֮ǵ飬Ҳ̫ôϱ˫ĹϵҲֻˡ
΢ʱлӢʵ飬лоܾȣ΢ʱò̫ԻˣȻһ·ϸһ·ͬ۹õĹˣûô
ǿ׳壬ʱɣһճĴѧܴͳĹԹŮټϼĵǣлΪǱĺܺõŮӡ
л廹ΪѡһЩ򵥵ĺڹϾ˶ܺģȴѡҪ밲ӡ
һŵǿǵĽҲʮ֧лЩԣǴţ»ص¡
ϣ֮ǰ΢ʱΪĲԼ뷨˽⵽ʵ֮ȫ֮ǰ뷨
ЩС£лְź֮ͽ֮Ժˡ
΢ʱ⼸л̧ͷͷģһʼЩڣǵ˺棬ȫˡ
ܹлǰж磬ֻɻʶĺԶԷ
ƺŤ˵ͽʳõķù͵ſˡ
΢ʱԵúܿ죬ÿĶȻǲģ֮ǰ۸ǱߵĻʳȫһ
ʵ˼ӣ֮ǰһ⽴䷹Щʳˡ
Ȼ˲һӹ̫ãѾ޷ͬ鼸ǰԼˡ
֮ǰķ΢ʱȻܳԵ£Ҳܵġ
ĵװӦлӢǴ֪֮ȥˣӦòС
ôţʣµըҲ
Ļʳ̫ˣһ죬Ҫȥˡ
һ7죬һʼ۸ֻ7ûʲôۣ˶Ȼ
΢ʱоЩֵֹģϾŮڵĵطܻôȫ
˵лԻ߹·ġ
һ죬Ķˡ
ȵӵƣ˾͸ȹϵһͣҪӳ
Ѿˡ
ӵҲˣֻҪû˽УЩϳ
л⼸սǴ鱨һһɳСӶ˷Ĵʩ
ǵˣ뾭ڱɹеľ񶼱붨ڷҩˮм⡣
ڱɹ֮󣬻ǲʵˣĿǰûܹоʲô
ֵֻܷĵһʱΣգ΢ʱ˽⵽֮ҪԸĶЩ
֮ǰСɽֻ룬Ҷӳ˵ֹǷǳԻҲûĹҲû΢ʱ˵ôǿ
ֻɺϣټϹľԣͬһʱڣֻܼһˣɱҲͲԻ͵ô
ӦҲûдԭ
΢ʱһ룬ܲÿζôùɣϴ˵Ǵɣһʼûо飬ھͲһˡ
ϸļ飬Źÿһ䡣
ڸ֮΢ʱŰʽ˳ڣڼ̺лİ£ֵ˰ӵһʱСԢ
ĶʵϰԱϵͳǳ⡣
ڳʵûܹɱ˵Ļᣬ˰Աڻܹ˳µɱɱֵ֣ͻ֡
ϵͳֵԶԶֹ֮ǰ׬Щ¼֮Ҳƽˡ
˩һϵˣϵͳģӽ󶼻úõı΢ʱ
һһͳ֮˼᲻ɴݡ
ͼ̵֮΢ʱȴӸˣߵ棬Ҷӳ͵nu8糵
˽ݡ
΢ʱʶĻͷһۣÿ϶ܿлԱ𣬰ڿǽûп
ʶЩֵֹģһ뵽ϾͼԷˣҲͷ󲽳ĳȥ
ΪһӵĶӳճǺæģǰˣŵ뵽˸أ˳ˡ
˺õĲˣҲ׼ִ
΢ʱΪ¼ĳԱֵʮֵûѾչ
΢ʱȷ˳ڵ֮󣬴ݵ˸ʻ
ڵƤʣ֣ǰǳĳǰ⾰һš
˸΢ʱһԺУۿڵˮһ汻ͲȾĺھӳŶ԰ˮɭ֡
ʪĺ紩ֵζĳֽ
ͷĽгػڵ˿ǵʹĲ
ײֵԶ⣬ֻ޺Ƶս޺Ƶά޵ļͶӰһشڳϣ΢ʱĿֻü׽һ˲еĶӹˣʧϢС
ˮ˳ȫϢƵıԵ䣬ڵϻϸӳɫʣÿһֶŤİĹס
΢ʱǰʵĽ͸ܵȺĿתĿš
Ե棬ЦŴôԺǲǺͱĵط̫һ
΢ʱ˵ͷ֮ǰеĳжԭ࣬˵ԭĳлҪһЩȫһϷеĻ档
ǰҲģ½ģô⣬˿ڲϵӿԺеסͲֻڶʱڲϵˡ
ۿڳʵѾǷǳĲˣӿȺ϶ڵһʱѵͶЩ˵±⣬ӿеĽ裬ŲûԺжѭ
ָָԶһճ΢ʱһ򵥵ĽܣеԴԴǱߣǵǿԴɳأѰԭ򡣡
΢ʱĿɿڴƾԱĽɫ
Ϊʲôоô鶼ҪƵġ
΢ʱЩԾЦЦЦģЩְֻܵͳֻҪһͿˣСһ㸺̽ͷ֣ͷһʱֻһֻҪͰɾͺãõġ
΢ʱոģַӳ㻹ῪЦҾ˵ôʮȫܵĻҾͲˡ
΢ʱ˵˶Цڳ˿Ϣ
ұΪлȥӣϾǱߵĹӵɣҲóڣһУȻģۺߵģôõӣڶǿϧˡ
΢ʱڣҡǱȽϲ̽յġ
⻰˵΢ʱԼЩΣĳܿлţȴȫĻȻĽŻ
ȻĻҲˡ
糵ʻӵĽֵչһ䣬һȽϿĹ㳡ƺǻԺԭȵ
¥Ҳӽ˲ٵ¥
ͣã΢ʱ˳˾һ¿ʵʹϰˡ
ԭ΢ʱÿҪڼ˵סˡ
ܾЩѹ֣̫ܾÿ˾Щڡ
ûʲôӣ˳΢ʱð
΢ʱæֱʾˣҲûǿҵĵ绰¼ǵֱϵңҾסڸڴ2303
΢ʱָһƺڣһڶĵˡ
¥м͵ĳУкܶˣ΢ʱʱû쵽ʣ֮ǰǮ϶סռȵ˵ˢˡ
ö죬ƷųҲֻ̾һҡͷ߽ڵĹԢ
ǰ̨ˢ쵽˹Ԣ֮ˢ¥
ݼССģ쵽ԼԿףԼ¥֮󷴸İԿס
϶ĵԢסǳĺã˰ӣ벻ַӡ
֮ǰָϹ׷öˣһ·ûʲô
΢ʱ뵽֮ǰһɫķģ
Ƿֱܹϡ
ڴģһ·ŵݵϣͣ18㡣
һ΢ʱ߳˵ݣխխģƺסˣȴûһ
΢ʱߵǰԼķ䡣
ƿŵ˲䣬΢ʱо綼
صĵˮĥʯϸıĸƬǶƹĻɫשŸ΢
΢ʱµЬ߽µĿ϶ЬľͷϣƵһ˸
һ̧ͷ乫Ԣůɫĵƹչȴһǽشŵÿ
Ϩߣ˿̣ʵ鴰ţֻһ϶Щ޺ģĹȾڲϣǳǳ͸˽·ֻҪһܸܵ
΢ʱŽŲľذϣľذϸСųԷӣһɫɳһЩװλɳһյҰɫصơ
ɳǰĵһëֺ̺ݽȥʱڸı̫ɹĲݴʮ㡣
ҵſţһɫ¹һ15СǳǢ
΢ʱӿռȡ֮ǰռļС档
òޱ΢ʱȲĽԡϴ˸裬ȻԼСϡ
΢ʱ⾰һǰδеҸн˶
ֱΪСԢرʣֻסһˣ´ࡣ
΢ʱռɫƬȡ˳ϵͳﲼҵķģ
ϵͳ̴˻Ӧյпģ͵λãΪȫģʽδȡȨ޵޷ڷģĲá
΢ʱ˵ͷСԢϵͳбһɫɵ3dģͣ΢ʱ֮ǰ̫ܰ˹Ԣ棬ʱ⡣
18㣬ûΧôܼĽܹյһģ˷ģ֮ϵͳڳƷж΢ʱЯȻ޷һʱջء
乫Ԣԣ΢ʱʲôʱջؾʲôʱջأڹԢҲԡ
ź̫֮ܰ΢ʱֽڣӺתʼ䡣
Ԣĵһ޶˵ڰסҪһֱյҲǲܵġ
ȣ΢ʱڼҵʱίԼ̫ܰҲܹˡ
ռĶ֮᧿ΣĴؿռſ˳
˿ķǳĿ ûʲôǴ΢ʱӽǿķģǿ֢
΢ʱողźһЩ⿿һʼЩ˵İˡ
ϵͳ⼸ĶҲ٣֮ܳһʱҲܱ֤Լ
΢ʱոսźãͿ˼̷Ϣ
СΣǸһЩ˰ȥˡ
ڸȷסַʱ򣬾͸˼̣Ҫġ
΢ʱҲþܾ˭Ӷء
һᣬ鿴ֻµĶզ࣬˵˵
ǽȣӦҲ˶Ǯ΢ʱ룬ڵıûиװ·ȫ̫ܣһѶĻǲǺ
һյĵƣߺͼģߵš
һȺģȺߴߴŽ쿴Ķ϶΢ʱ
ˢķɿ죬һȻ
΢ʱֻЩȾȻˢݡ
һţһߴӰӶվſڣ΢ʱ顱һŹˡ
лԣһǼˡ



49 ԹС
, ΢ʱһᷢûʲô֮Ŵһŷ졣
ֻʣڵϣ΢ʱѸٽ˽
ֻﴫ̵ϢСõ, лԸ͹ȥģھ֪, Ժʲô飬ֱ
΢ʱ¶һȿ໹ѿЦ, ꣬꼴Ե
΢ʱҲûоᣬ, ȳԷɡ
Ǹ˲ٵĶ, ЩʹĹͷڸ֮ЩڳױʵĶͱʮֵĳ㡣
³߲˼۸ܹЩͱʮֵ
Ժе»ǵµ˵ȶʳĲʹǰһ
ܹڵԭס񣬵ǻԺһ˿ڼ, 𽥵ҲЩӦˡ
ֻѰĽ취µĵطʳǳ֮٣ֲﻹũƺֲ̫, ߸ͷϴ, ҲΣճ֡
ѾԷ֯ϲ׼̽գнɻʳ˼߷ãá
ڳҲһ̽տ, ЩͥǺܸԣ˼һѡ뿪ԺгʮȥոͼϱעũƷ㡣
Щ֮ףسĻ۸Ҳʮֵĸ߰ЩƷҲмУӦ󣬳Ե˲
лְҵǿģ˵ģģʽģһС͵ѭСĳӴĳС
΢ʱ˿۸ȫģ߲ͨ඼𣬻м̵Ȼһʼ⿿ԼԵ߽ϵˣϵͳռĶ᲻óˡ
ԺпҲ߲࣬˳Ե٣
˵ӪһҲˣĿǰ֧±ǿڼߣҲѰнİ취Ҳڰӵְڡ
΢ʱһһ߿Ҷӳճ̰ţ죬ҪȽѵȻѵãٺҶӳ򵥵
ҶӳڻУиڣ峹׺˲ָܻ֮ǰǿȡ
ñ΢ʱһˣճܸŶӳĻɺ١
΢ʱ˵ΣַŲҶģ֮ǰ̶˸
ͼӲͣ˵ʵһˣ֮ǰϰѧʱ򣬶ǵ
ûҲֻӲͷƤˡ
ŵϣȳһ嵰ϵζֻҪûְƷͦóԵġ
ٳһˮĹûʲôζʮֵѳԣſſݾˣһڸжûС
΢ʱаֳһڣһ³ЩճһȻЩû졣
ĳһ棬о˶ˡ
͸ʳõ࣬ζôôѳأ
΢ʱż嵰ָĻѵƻ
8Ҫ¹Ԣ¥Ҷӳˣѧϰһ֪ʶٽʵѵ
΢ʱû̫ѡʮֵͳһȥٽĳѰʡ
ŵĳڴ죬Ҫȥ̽һµصǱмҴ͹ҽԺ豸еҲܶȽ
ԵĻлϣܹЩҽ豸˻
߲Զֻ200๫һӳ·ϵĵ·ɾˡ
һ·ȥ϶ɫͨͨ裬ĿǰȽɵˣ΢ʱ֡
극ڼֽռһЩóѼ£ûʲôֻˢֻ
źͦģһЩˢ³ڵĽΧܻԾ΢ʱϵϢڵλá
ĿǰڻԺеĽʮл칫ĵط
ҲᵽǱȥƽʱֻܿ糵ˣתҪһСʱҡ
Ժĩ֮ǰĳһ㣬صľ۷ǣûܵʲôӰ졣
Ȼڵΰ֮ǰܶ࣬ЩСëЩϦˣҪöˡ
΢ʱˢ˽СƳ
500g*1
200g*1
1kg*1
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ԺжĹܿغϣѾֹ˽ھ򣬳ǴĲС
רŵСӸͨ˴ͨߣ͵͵ڼֲһ־ױ
ʵ΢ʱһʱ뵽˿ռ䣬ĿռʱǾֹģڿռ棬ЩԶѿ˵޷ֳˡ
ɣɣɵӡ
΢ʱָҵ㣬̳ǡ
̳ǵƷˢˣȱʲôʲôһֵĺ
Ʒֲռԣϣչֲռ1mǰ޹ÿ5
öڹͬʱӵһռֲռ䣬ֻ۸΢ʱȴҪ15ֲһ顣
Ҳһڣ⻹Ҫ͵Ѿܾûнˡ
ϵͳҲһСƳѣ㶼Ҫƽˡ
ΪõĽǵ÷ܶܳϺö
֮ǰϵͳʱĵֵǻǻڵġ
֮ǰЩ֣ûǣѾ100ˣϵͳͳƣ֮ǰеЩҲˡ
֪ô࣬΢ʱʱͶֻˣЩȫڳ֪ж١
ǵطҲȥˣһȫȫĻ¯ŮлԶصǸط
΢ʱǾÿһǱߵܣ˵ԺеԴóˡ
ҲӦòĵ飬΢ʱǰ˷֮ǰˢ³ĶȻһƷڴۡ
ˢ³ǰǹԭҪ500֣ȴ˹
ۣҪ499Ҫ399ֻҪ199
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Цģֻ100֣΢ʱڵöɱһЩܿٵĻۻ֡
Ϊ۸ֻ죬ǵ3죬ųȥУʱղϣûˡ
սپһЩǮķӡ
иں̳ǹٷĬϵĺн̳˵ʵôĳӣûһЩڰڵģ΢ʱպÿԽѰͻƿڡ
СֶҲۼĿǰ׬ǮĳϵЩһﷷ
΢ʱϸĿ˹ⷽĶԺоԹʬ߻д
лҩΪԺеͷҵչ۸񹫵ǳֵѡ
ԹСӶҹ˾гڵĺڰز£ԹСܹΪЩ˾ṩʬ壬ȷоС
Ժ˵ѭ΢ʱˢ̳ϢҪһȽϿ׵ԹСӣҪĿĲ׬Ǯɱ׬֣ЩϢԴͱøҪ
һ׵ܹ֯ʡȥܶ鷳˽⵽ϢȻǲöԱֻģвٶԱ˽͵͵Ľӡ
֪Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣǵ߲˹ˣ׬ȫԼ
ԱҲˣҲҪҺڵġ
΢ʱɸѡϢôһӣ
ӼԱöͷ11㼱Ա
΢ʱӣϢɾˡ
ɽСӳԱ4ȱ1ͷֲ󰲱Ӿ
ҪܲϢǰš
Ѿϵİ˵ˣСʱǰģ۾֮ǰ΢ʱһͷ
ԹСӵֺϤ΢ʱˢǵǰ֯С֮һ
СڵĳԱ̫䶯ٿʲôļϢ΢ʱˢȥʣ˿
߲֯ûܿжǰŹĦļֳ
΢ʱֲЩĶǣҲ˵Щδ֪
Σճ̶Ⱥܸߣ˲࣬ʱ佫ӱԱöˡ
Сӻûļʵˣ΢ʱӴ룬ָƶ԰ť
ܿһɫͷŵ˳˺ӣ΢ʱ˽ȥ
Ӷڸ˵ϢǱܵģҲй¶Щ϶ǹٷϿɵ֤ʽ
΢ʱɽСӦк̨ģȻôĿŵҪļԱ
ͨһ֮ҲİõĿ֤
֮ǰѾͨϵͳ¼˰ԱϢֻһɫĹ֮ʾ֤ͨ
ڸۿڵȵЩѾСʱˣСڵһʱԱϴγ֮ЩμԹжˣȰȰֱӲˡ
ҪóɽСӣʱѰҶԱûôףֻܼϣ̳ļЩȽĶԱй̶ԹСӣ̫ʱμԹж
μӵĸ֣Ҳܰ󣬳һ˻ҶҪڶԷϣԱ᧿Σ
εһ鱨СõˣԲ㣬˼ţͨѶＸ˵ĸۣ߱ҧҧֻܷǰˣϾٶǮҲûҪ
ڴʱһ֤ͨͷ˳
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Щɵĵ˽ȥڰԱѡ˿һ㣬ַһϢãܰϢ𣿡
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΢ʱһ֣տʼʱȷʵвΪֻǵıؾԣôڿͦҪģ
ĸ壬ҪϢȥˣͼ˹ȥ
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С͵ְ׼88ҲЩͨҪǿ˲٣͵ҪҲļ˰Աڲ
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ѯλϢ΢ʱλȨ֮󣬶ʾ8Ӿгٴκ˶Ϣ
Ȼͳˣ˳Ի򣬿ԭȵѾˣʾļɡ
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ڰӵƷûзĻ֮ǰѩҵĶƷװԺǿҲ͸
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΢ʱгվ̨ͣһ͸˴档
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΢ʱһ㶣漴˵ͷոȡȡʱû뵽ܹû뵽±˳ɵһȣоЩ߳ܡ
֣Ů˿ı飬΢ʱ˳Ӻܿ˳ȥ
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ΪϢܣԻϾǽˡ
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Ů˵ĳٺܿ죬ĳ΢ʱܸܵܰȫ
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΢ʱǳ˳飬ãӳûнгǺãҽһ
һԵĻҲ⣬ֻҪȷС
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΢ʱԱ˵ĸӶͦߵģ϶ĺۼԣϴǸ̷ŮͲ󣬿ܱҪС꣬һ˵
ף߸һβ¶һЦݣʾѺãͯһͦıӣѣЩѪ
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΢ʱһҲС㴬ߵͷħڵλãҪʻ20ӡ
ʾжҪСʱҪ̽һ̽ˮµ
洬ʻۿڣˮڣůƵĵƹԶȥֻµһȦȦѲصĹ⻹ڳ



50 Ҵ
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𿪴ê, ֻͣһƬѹѹˮϡ
ԶĻһǵ⣬ΧһƬ޾ĺڰ, ûʱ˷ֲıǱǺˮ
ǰһƬ, ڵĺˮ沢ûʲô㣬ƽ޲
۸ǳ, ˺«, ʮ
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Ҫӹ۵ģһ˳΢ʱȫΪ˻ġ
ǱˮǰӾûǱˮߵˮѹܵ, ǱȥҲ⡣
5ˮģܻһ͸ˮ档
Ƭˮǰҹһ¹, һҴ40˵Ŀͻ˫صִƺ⵽˺ײĹ, ڿۿڵʱȥ
40ˣ5Աһλһ⡣
ȷСӽ̽飬ﶼ֮, ʣµԹСӡ
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΢ʱСӵ1ȥģָһǱˮҪ졣
΢ʱϴʪӦһºˮ¶ȡ
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϶ϵᣬڻǱˮ;ʧ򣬺ŨܵĺݺɺһС㲻ϵδڣһɫͷ׵ľ
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΢ʱǱˮʯǱˮĸܴ󣬶ûǱˮ˵׾ͻƮȥ
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ɵ֮ǰںֱϺĲǰˢֱȥĽζڣĥһЩԾˡ
ǷǳǳĺźţֵطûźҲûйͲֱá
֪Щ˾Ϻĺ
ڵĵطֻС㣬Ŀ֮һƬƵˮŶ䣬СĽ£һǰˮͻûǣģĿ·
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ں棬ҧһɫħſǵġٶȼĳ߿񱼶ܿĿյض鲼Щ࣬ǰͷſٵ죬¶һ΢Ц
ģȵ˶ԷĽ룬΢ʱһ£ҷһѣǿק
ϴһųѲҰף΢ʱ˵ллѧŲһҪף߸˵ħ㡣
ף߸ּۿ˶¥һ䡣
һ˲˽ȥǻĺ̺䲻󣬰һСӺͼӣһԱϢҡ
΢ʱշ䣬ֽ̧Űϡ
ƽûһ˿ͯվڼװϳʱѾ˿һСʱˣǻʱˣ֪Ϊʲô滹ûҲûʲô
ͯЩǣ˼ҪҪȥʱˮȻĳݣһǱˮԴȻð˺档
ͯһۣף߸裬Ͻݣף߸˦˦ԴժеǱˮֺȥˡ
ô
Уҵˣӳȥҵİɡ
ͯӦһ˳Ա߼˵ҧƿʼǱ
ף߸ǱˮӰӻһӴƽ壬˰ڴϵһӰʧڵĺˮС
-----------------------
л˵ʻиŮ˭ģȻһ綨õģcpУ籩Ļײ³ˣ ȿİɣ˵ʵҲ̫дϷġء㣬Ĵ󲿷ֶǾ飬ߵĽɫǳ˷⣨ʵ̫ߵĻԺŮͲˣѺۡء㣨Ҫң



51 ûò
ô죿ܳȥɱ𣿡ף߸ŸֲԾԾԡ
˰, Ĺʵ̫ˣĸȫǶ֡
߰ɶӳȷСθ鱨ȫ׼ȷ, ô£
ϴվǼʮֻ, ǿһ£ܶԸ, ˵мֻħ㣬һ棬ĸûеʣ˵
ð, ôȥ, ԭ·ӦǲܵˣҾĿҲȥȡ磬ҸС
һǲܳԳһˣ˸ˡ
΢ʱڵûһǵĶԻһ߰˼ֲԵĵط
ȷСӵϢ, ȫˣкܶ಻ĵط
˵ѾѾһˣϱжħŶԡ
г¼, ֻ⵽ħĹ, ôǿҲһȷѡ񣬱ϾľֶܱǵС洬͸ӵĲοˡ
ȻҲ뵽һ㣬˵Щܹˮ½, ӦòΪ׵Ĺϵųģ֮ǰĲ²ǴģҴġ
˺ܿе˼ϴ˵ӳ˵ڲԭ³𣿡
˵ͷһֱڵһ۲΢ʱʵһôεˣǵȳȥˣнȵ㣬ֻнҪˡ
ڵѪسװͳûһǮģûˣҪѪˣУڳȥ֮ҪѪ޹顣
ҲΪʲôԹСӲȶԭ򣬺õʱ򱩸ʱ
ɺһƱ³Դɲҵ졣
˵鶼ܳأף߸ҲήڶȥѸողļֻħ̹ǮˣǿǮ
΢ʱվ˵ɱɡ
õģߡ
תͷֻԵͬ⣬ȴû뵽΢ʱھɱɱɱЩˡ
΢ʱ˹˽룬ʵЩӰˡ
ոЩ˲ûйǣǵȴЩħ˵ڴҲûôˮǾǲǵĶأȳȥһ£ó׼ԣʱ߾ˡ
еˮǾԲǸġ
ҲǸصˣֻȷȫǰ²Żῼǽ顣
Ȼ΢ʱô˵ˣ㿴ô
ǵǣ˩ˣֻҪȥŻص棬ΨһپһˮˢˣмΣյĹ̾Ǳ
ǱˮʱѹҪȻﵽҲǺԶ
ѹֻϣôɱЩͱΪҪ
΢ʱһֽţЩˣʱȻҲбůʩûôѵ룬ɴഩԱҵһ˫Ь˵㲼
СĵĴš
ģֻյĵǰȣһЩˮʪյĺۼһӰҲˡ
Ȼˣĺǲܳڵڿ֮еġ
ǹǿûȫ֮ǰҲ޷ԭϰߡ
ֵȥֻʣ¼ֻѾħ㻹ڵϣѪڵذϣЩ嵽ĺۼ
˿̣Щڵذϣ΢ʱǰһʹ졣
һ8ϴһ˵¶һ˿Цݡ
΢ʱֵȻЩȫɱģϵͳҲ˷֡
յײǴ仹ϷЩ淿ߵˣ϶ȥˡ
˵ʵ˶ûҪֳûԭһ̽ĺ棬ֻЩħۼɱܹ֮Ĵȥ
¥ԭվ¥ݹսǵŲλá
ϸɸɵģЩȺûйǣȻ⼸ǺȺһġ
΢ʱʵûпʲôһǶӣƺûбɹ
һԵʲôϸڡ
΢ʱϸĻոռǵӣǽŽ䱸ƺһֱûŲ塣
΢ʱŤͷѰ£ЩҲǹΪʲôȥˮ£
бҪָʲô
ΧˮߣҲǼ˸ɴೢԽˮĶ
ף߸轫մѪĸֲŽˮ˽һƬƽûʲô
ϴһֻСħ㣬ֲ˼£ʬһЩѪֱ˦ˮ˻Σһûж
壬ҪǷˣϹ𣿡
ڨڨջ֣뽫ת˻ûжʾ΢ʱ
̯̯֣Ҳ֪ô죬ҡ
ڼһĪչ֮ʣĴȻһ˿죬ֻǡոսյһ˲ֿ
һصˮǵĽ棬εδ̨׹
ˮ֮С
һӰڵϣ˾ǰŸոսˡ
Ӱ˼¶ͯҵѽˤˡ
һѳ˺֣ס۾˷׷װ
ף߸轫ڵϵͯôˣ
ͯκԴһ˲ˣƵ˦ף߸֣˼ôողȥ𣿣
˱ĻŪһͷˮͯԶ뼸ˣף߸һֵ˵ˣոȥҸ㻻ţôˣ
ϴһֱһôȥ㻻࣬㵽˵ʲô
΢ʱһ˼׶Է˵ʲôˣˣƭˣոȥ˲ף߸裬ͯʱǸڸ𣿡
ԹСӻûôѶȵ֪ЩĹԻĵֶΡ
ֵȼĹﶼύɰԱʰֲǡ
Ϊμ˸©û뵽뻢Ѩ﷭ˡ
˶Щ£˲ǿһ㣬ֻ΢ʱ侲վŷˡ
ֱͯˣǰÿѶҪʵʵıһΡ
΢ʱ˼һۣɫ죬ɫǲ԰ףڻԺе˶ն֪֮١
֮ǰȫûʶΪԺоѾȫˣһɱȫһ
Ǽ˵ܿͻָˡ
΢ʱСƭ顱Ѿ˼˵Ĺǡ
ǵĺ·ЩԵֱֻײģȻû̡
Ǿֻʣһֿˣĸ˲ӦҪҵġ
΢ʱԼķ˵һ飬˵ʵǺԼûмġ
Ƕʱˣ΢ʱ˵Ǽ˲ȺߣҲֻҽʼѰĸˡ
һţûпԶصĵط
˺ܿͷֳ飬ʼѰĸ˵ټ˵Щ󣬵ܶصĵطҲࡣ
˺ܿһѾصĻܱҵĸվһˡ
ûбƣվǰ棬Ůվ࣬Ǹû¶СŮ
˵ƣдһ˿ȣǾȻû
ף߸跭˸ۣʲôϰˮôùǣʵɣЩǱΪԶص½ġ
˹ĿһۣǸطŮЦȥǸزȥΪҲ֪ǾɱģʱǶ棬˾ֻ˻Ʒȥйܹǵ𣿡
һ죬ŮĴֻصۣ˺ܶǮһֱĹͨŴ˻ԺС
ϣֶѾͷĺ«ˣʻ;ֻȻԤ׵Ŀʼб³
͹ϢڣƶĹˣǺĺˮҪȥѾˣĿֳû
ǳȥ˲ûǱڴڣŴڵĿһֱĵȴһ̡
ԭǶѾϣˣȷСӾôЩҴĿЩ˽װϵĻȥ
˴ڵĴǣȴ޶ԡ
𰲾ĵȴǣлȵĻᣬЩȴѡǡ
Զǵ˫ǰͣõ۾Ҳ׵ĸ٣ֻеķݡ
˳ĬĿȷСȷʵû˵滹дˣ˵ûһп硣
ȴЩţȷСӲĮĴڣѯʵûпûп㣿
Ů¶һ΢ЦѿͰţ΢ʱ뵽˸ոЩͷħ㣺Ҳô˵ԼǣԸƿңȥ
ҡҡͷҿȥ֮´һ㣬ڲС
ŮЦĸˣȻҲֻô˵˵Ƕһ鷳϶ٴ˭ѱ˵ıԼҪأҽô˰Щ׳գǾôҵġ
ԹСȷʵһо˳Ĭˡ
΢ʱ°𣿡
Ůһ£ƺû뵽ô˵ʲô
΢ʱô˵ôΪԼǱΪʲôҪ㣬Ӧ֪ʲôɣ㻨Ǯôֻ裬˱ϮҪܻʱѾ´ˣҪðΣȥԸ𣿡
ŮſڵߵԸֻǳһ˲ͱ̬ȡ
û˸ΪԼڴȷСӲֻ˵ǵ⣬°˭Ǯֲǽǣ㽻ѵûб㣿
еĺܣոеһɨգոˣĻܺãĻûʲô
Ȼ֪ӣǱʲôţ˵Ǿ΢ʱַոʧ˲ܶˡ
ŮɫĶ
΢ʱʲôڲԲ㣬ԴŲţ
¶һ΢ЦȻְǺܲǡ
Ůͷŭ߬еı
ϴȻʵǺأʲôˣ
Ůû뵽ܸ˵Ŀ̧ͷʲô飬ȻǲԸȥǾͱʡ
΢ʱûйеĸֲ׼Ĳӣ˵˵
Ů
һԵҪƺŲλֻܾҪѸֲ浲΢ʱһţ˶ʱһҽУСŮ¶һë׵ͷ˵ƺǶˡ
Ůһ£ǰĸֲ棬̿ˮ׳ˣħˣǡ
ħ˭
ף߸׷ʣҲеĸտոĴĵΣҪҪŮһƿȰ˴ȥ˵
Ǳ΢ʱһ㣬뷨Թ׬ǮģʥĸҿӣԼҲмԼϾ˭Һ˵ʱ̬ȡ
ħħǺħ˽ףħħǼ֪ˡ
Ů˿İͣƺ뵽ʲô˿־Ķ
վԵŮʱһסͣ񾯸˵
΢ʱЩͷˣһӴŮ˵ϣŮ֣һҽУȴվԭعǺĺǶȥɣǻˣȫȥɣأܿǾͶ˹һ
˵ĵģûʲô߼˵Ƕȷʵ࣬ǻʵࡣ
ôֻʣǸʮֲ۵СŮˡ
˷֢ڣѸٵĶһۣǰȥ
Ȼ½֯ɻǸŮͣˣǻ˲òָһ㡣
ϵʹɫ٣ÿһżʹ࣬ǱȴڲŲһ˲ָֻƽ
΢ʱ粽ǰҪ˱СŮǰļƶٶѸٿϵıҲӵʹҲʼûпһ
ͬʱˮ̶Ȼ˼ݡ
˷׷׾Ļͷ֮¥ݵĹսǴһֻģгߵħ㻺
һ㣬ʵڵϣһһĴˮ̽ȫֵǣһĶþù죬ʮֵš
ıɫħȫһǴɫģǴβĸʿɥĴںһ
βֵţĹһֱ߽űЩ
ϺãλŮʿ
˻ġ֡΢΢۵ƺڳ˾Ϲ
ſٵźţ³һŴԵɤ
˵ġͺһ
˴㶵Ŀֻħ㣬ֱ΢ʱתеĸֲ棬׼㣬˲γѵĻع
ȥ˵ˡ
ף߸ԼѾʵ°ͣ˵˵һ仰
ǰħ仰֮ƲƺˣĴˮ˳ûнӦòĳƺңȻðңҲ̽Ĺء
䣬ոջűӵβѸٳף߸˹
΢ʱһѽ˳ȥӳ˹ȥ



52 뺣
ֻϡһ, һħβײһ£
Ǹոսʵǵж˿û, Ǹĺ֡
ֻĸ˵ȻͣħĴβͺɨ֮, Ȼʼ·硣
΢ʱսûмִ, Ťͷһ˦СŮǰˡ
ǸŮ¶ʵӣһźֵƽûһ͹Ļ, ħ, Ҵյ١
ħǿŲϣⶼѾһͼˡ
٣ĲλһģһֲҪסˡ
ʧȥڵСŮ˼У˲˻սеħע⡣
ò׽Щ˵עԼϣȴû΢ʱȫ·ƣȻ־ͰСŮ
洩СŮ, ˶Ůļбָ߿ѪȾϵȹӣͣػ˫, ͼĿơ
΢ʱŷ, Ůȹڵ¾Ȼβͣˣǵ֮䴩˽ȥƺȡʲô
βͶ̶̵, Ҫͬʱ˲ףֲ·ʱôʹࡣ
΢ʱ˲ֻ֮ͼβ;ʹ˵ϳ˳ȻûдһѪ
ɫҰܣǱеڵϡ
ŮļУñͷ겻ħÿһӳ˹
΢ʱŮһסڼеͣٸǰһԣҾԻġ
ħȻͣϵıѾױ÷ŭˣͷóڱ۾Ķ΢ʱ
ſǿԺúõ
ڣָֻ֮ǰʮʿӡ
ƺոձˣֻ΢ʱĴ
΢ʱ뵽Сʱ򿴶ƬʱƤߵӡ
Ǹջ󣬵˺ԭα¶ħװװˣ΢ʱͲ˵Ļ
ɺίߣǳȥ֪Ⱥ棬ڵǣô֪ǻ᲻ṥأ
ħ㿴űڵϵŮŲŲ߽һЩ
ҿԸһЩˮݣܹˮɵĺȺͲٹˣҲ˳Ļص棬Σ
΢ʱ˵ͷ˵ԣħ˲¶һЦݣܺܺõԼ
ȥˮݡ
΢ʱһתͷָı⣺һ£ˣҾûкĳ⡣
ħĽŲһ٣عͷƺЩٶȡ
΢ʱָָŮҪƤβͣβͻڲͣŤţһҪ굽΢ʱˡ
һĻħļ٣Ȼһ˴ʵ
Ǹ⡣
΢ʱû棺ʵһֱ֣ʵӦöԸǣôںҶ֣ôһҪˡ
СŮûкˮĴôãҲһħһĹȴҪˮ
˻࣬ôķչǷҲǳ½طչ
֮ǰһͨһضýȺС
ŮǲҲħýأ
΢ʱոЩ˵ħףħ㣬Ҳûħ˰ɡ
ħ΢ʱĻ֮վԭأĿ⣬һֱĶ
彥ͣԭȵף˺᳤ףĺҲ
Ψһûб仯Ǵ׳βͣ˿ͷɨš
ϵƤƺһЩտʼôˮ΢ʱ֣ҲصĴϢš
ȻЩͨĹҪ࣬ϾǺڸĿռڴˣҲܡ
˳ħΧ˹ȥе׼Χм䣬ûʲôµ
˴ۣ΢ʱڶУͳȥˡ
΢ʱĲ²˵˳ħıûʲô仯˵ϳ˳Ծŭ͸ˣͺѱˡ
һ˵Ʒʡ
ɰͰ͵³һ仰΢ʱҡҡͷǶ˵ҶҪʲôõƷʣ
ħ㱻ĻŪŭѣǺһ㣬Ѹ
ѽһ˵ˣըˣ
ף߸輱æͣ΢ʱһ۲ΪֻǽӶøˣŮĲҽСˣѾ࣬Ųϵƴĺţ·ʱ
ʵֻһͨ½صĹߣҿ͸㣬Ҫ˫ˮݡ
΢ʱϵŮԶһЩ͵ħǰξ룬ֻҪβ;ܹ
͵˲ֹͣˣ˵Ķ΢ʱһСʧȥ˳룬Ҫȥֻӵѡ
ѾεŮϣļЩݣָֻ˸ոյӣֻΪӴ˵ҲôһЩ
࣬һλᣬǾˮˮûҪԣЩˮ㹻ںгΣȥˡ
˵ħ㽫βͷŽɫݣݵ״Щβ壬һȦһȦɫëƵëףǳÿ
Ľ̶ϣһʾ⼸˴ýϵĽ롣
ԭڵϵˣڿݵһ˲䣬Ұŵ˲ˣŲħߡ
㣬һЩݰɣҪȥؼңѾṩҪһУһؼҰɡ
ħؽβһ˦˲䱻ɨ˳ȥϲͬˣô̲˸࣬ζǾԶںҰɡ
˵꣬ĴЦһβͽϵСŮ˹ȥ˦˵ϡ
ոջһϢŮβʹ˵ڣһ˲ֻ
ӵվϵ˲ûиոյĺˣβͲһ̣ѸٸɱڵˮֶѾˡ
΢ʱ֮ǰ·ϣ̫±ɹЩˣ˿˵ļЩһʧȥ˹ʪʬ塣
СŮ죬ϵȻһЩֻһЩ۾ĵطúģŮƲ콫ת˼ˡ
ŶλŮʿҸո˵ĻҲˣҵĺûгԱǾɣΪǵǵҡ
ħֵһĻȣ˵ɫѿ΢ʱûֻǽԱһžƿͼӴ򿪡
һƿƿװİɫҺ壬һᣬ˵Ǿưɵĳϣؼӣʮֵıڱ棬ֲûľƷЩҾƵŨȶʮ֮ߡ
΢ʱƿݸˡ
˿̵ħСŮѾվһһ޵΢Ц飬΢ʱҲ¶һЦݣӿռͳһС˳Ĵ˳ֽոͳˮݶ£˽¡
ֶ֪ײʵ㻹̫˽ˣͲ֪ʲô˭ø߽űȥװˮأ
΢ʱͼ˽ƿ˹ȥ˲䷴ӦҪʲôһ߶һߵĵҧסƿ졣
ħȻûЩƿװʲôϾ׵϶ˮˣһЩǣûЩ
βǰһ̣β׵˲̴˾ƿҺһζЩţĿ⣬ûʲôĲʡ
Цһ˦βͣѸٵǰŵ˼¡
˷׷¥ϵķ䣬ڵϣ㲢ûߵ˳΢ʱڽµĺս˿ռеĴȥף߸˲˷š
Ļ⼸һ˲ģյý̻ԻͣǴֻصûгǰｻǸҹ
Ӱڻӡǽϣȼ˻ĵ̺ħİݻ쳹ס
ӵѸ٣ȼ˶ѷڴֻûбʪľƻë޵ĵ̺ƿһһѿȫһƬ֮С
ڷʼײȴ΢ʱóһƴƿոջ˿Ĳƴһһ˲ͱ֩
ˮ˸æϺ
ж˵ײţͷƵ£һŲҰ׵ħ㸹ôڴϡ



53 ѵ
ΪʧȥֻħĿ, ȺȫѾʹˣײѾѿĲ
˴֣ҧ, һײӦ顣
ĺˮһӳ˽Сķܿͱˮ, ˱ˮĴһתס˷Ķ
΢ʱоԼʲôײһ, ЩۣǰֻһƬããɫ
ĺˮ˶΢ʱˮеһȦ, γ˴, һͱħİסһӾͲ洩ܲסħ̫࣬ܿͽΧм䡣
΢ʱϽռĺͳŽ˽˼ҪҪˮк, Ǻˮкܴĸʻ
΢ʱ׼, ſ, ɺˮ̿ĺˮǻҪ³ˡ
ˮǲܺȵģǻںµζ, 𽥺ͺˮΪһ塣
оǶһ٣ƵˮУȻˡ
βһ޴Ĺĺˮ¹ˣֻʣµ˳ȥһ㣬ںˮƮоʮֵʡ
о˶չˣ⺣׵һһڵε˺֮ĵĸо˺ܶࡣ
ΧеħʧȥĿ꣬ΧЩãȻǰζʳȻһֵĺ࣬ʧȥȤ
΢ʱ£ŴںˮһȦħ꣬ǵʵǹӴֻһ˳Ĵڣ겻ȥ
һЩħйĻᡣ
СĸȻûðմ֪Ǳˮˣǵڹ۲죬͸ƹ⣬ֱЩħƽ˸ʵ
ʱζĺѷ滹ʲô
΢ʱ֪⺣ݵʱЧôֻܽĶŴЩħζʱ򣬼ڡ
ļ˷Ӿƺе㱻ˮסֵħ㣬ҳȥ
΢ʱʱ򣬼˷׷׳ԾسָָԼϵָָ֣ѯʵô¡
΢ʱóһѺݣָ˼ˣһĶ
ãȻźݣûж΢ʱְѺݷŽһ׽Ķ
˶ˣǳٳûжǲһժ֣еĺݣɵķŽ
ħ㹥ǿԲô׵ķ뿪ôȥĻƿҲ֧Ų˶ãֻܲһϣ⺣ˡ
֪Ϊʲô΢ʱǺŷڶû֣ѾǱʶĻ
ʮֵ£һûбζıǣˮζ嵭ˡ
˼ˣ׷һᣬ
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ЩǶѾϾעˣΪ֪ȥĺˮ᲻ὫڵĻϨֻħ᲻³
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˽תͯˮпϵı飬ֻܿҰڵ˫֡
ȻҲ֪ô£Ҫȥ˷ǷĶˣǻصǸոĵطҵêǰ߻ʱ٣ǻΣգǺ߸ӱһЩ
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˶ԷϵһϸںУٶ죬Ĵ󴬺ܿʧҰ֮Уһ·ϻײζȺ
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䣬׾Ǳʲôײһ£һ˵
ԭڵϵļˣһ˲;ˣ˶
ûüǱˮѵٷ˴ֻͷۻģоʮֵĲȴǿš
һƵˣֻεĸˣʱ򣬴ڷŵڵķʻȥ
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ͣںϵĴֻħ㳹׵Ļˣ֮ǰһ㣬˺ס
˴γУɽСӲûʲôջ񣬵΢ʱϵͳĲϲɱ23ֻ2300ֵۺ23֣ɱ*120֣*150֡
΢ʱ˼ӣ93֣ǹ6֡
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ĿɿڴĿ΢ʱԾڻ㡣
ʵ۵ĲУȫ͸֧ˣֻڵϸɿţ΢ʱ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˹ƮƮһ䣺Щ㶼ѷͷˣֱӰǮҾУˡ
΢ʱǱˮźã˴˸кߵһڰĽ䣬ӿռóгųˡ
ߵķ紵ʪĳܿͷͱһͷҵĵݣ΢ʱȻۣá
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߳Ԣ, ޹糵УĩʼŶ̶һ£ķչͺȻͬˡ
֪΢ʱ֮ǰڱ𴦿Щطǲǿ, ôڳ֮䣬Ժкͱĵطر
΢ʱˢһ¶ڸĽͨ, ʵİӳΣһ, ͨסʷǸܺõĹˡ
糵˺ܶ࣬ĹְԱضλ, ˶ɳһ, һʱʱЩСĦ֮ǰϰûʲô
΢ʱԴ˼룬ôĩ˻Ҫϰࡣ
ܰ˶һָѹ֮µɥ֮С
΢ʱ˼֮³֮󣬿ʼλϱĿʵںϵͳԻ
ջķᣬȻ㶪, ΢ʱ׬ЩֵܺͣΪʱȣûϸ鿴ʱ, ӳҲûк˼, ɴץʱ鿴ԼĽ
ϵͳıҲʮֵ⣬鼸仯ʾԼ顣
̳ĲиŬ֮£Ҳ˼ܹˢĶ, ˢҲˡ
ϵͳ˵̵֮ˢһ߿ƼĶ΢ʱԴ˱ʾ棬̵껹ˢУ΢ʱֻĵȴ㷭
컹һصħЩӦþĽˣûãսռˣóɽСӵˣ˵ֻץһ㶼ˡ
ϾӦõģǰչ涨ҲûнıҪ
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΢ʱ̵壬ǰȫϢвųע
գش¼ƣȷС̽ħȺУɽСΪβǵȷСӣΪǴµսʵ
΢ʱʶۿ˹ȥЩһϤıӰ棬վͷ߷Ĳ㡣
˲΢ʱ˭Щڲ֮󣬼ֱǰٷС
ԭĳᣬЩֵ˶ζĿſɽСӴ¼
ⲻ֯ʲôʱøԱһˣ
һΪǶȺں֮أû뵽ܸʵµ
ʵҲͦһģⲻͰһӵôЧʣһ϶ȥ˰ɣڼΡ
Ǻǣ˵ˣҲȥ˭֪Щֵܸߣ׬Ǯۺ˰ɡ
¶ѣ˭˵ϲˣ
ͷ죡
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ڲʹҵܱ꣬Ͼһը
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ڵĳͻȰ£˫ܿ侲ʵҲûҪܣһͬ
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ı֣ûȰ˼ֻǰǹǰ棬ǰͻĿճһƬ
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Ҳרע΢ʱȴڲʲôţŲ֪ΪΡ
ڵ鲥ŵʱջߣһĿ΢ʱôоӰЩ㣿
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һЦҲԣҪȥˣôܸѵ
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ҪһӵģҲгģϢ˿ĿϾӡ
һЩصӹرǰıģ˺ͦĽӵ֯Ϣ99+΢ʱûо㿪ˣȷŴ㿴Ϣ
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΢ʱ˵һתգȻ֮ǰΪ˻֣˭Ǯࡣ
΢ʱо泩糵ڰСʱ֮󵽴ҪȥĿĵء
վ̨³˾߳վһƬƽأֵ߻ûʲôˣ֮ǰӵĳȫһ
ֵǸ߸ߵİɫΧǽһоѵء
΢ʱ˽⵽ƺְİԱǲҪѵģһ˵۸ѡ֮󣬰ԱȥͳһѵǸ߼ѵأҪǮѵܲμӰԱְλ
ʵӳǲߴˣѵزǽײſ𣿡
һۣ֪Ļ٣ȷʵǼҾ֮ǰľЩǰѵ˵˷ʱ䡣
л˵ˣغú㣬Сģ˵ҲôģѶȶ˵Ӧòʲô߰ɡ
ſȫԶڿˢ˿ȥ֮ſٴνȷϣ΢ʱ
Ļ˵ѵ϶رɡ
ȽϸߵİԱϵƷȫͬڸڵֻƳһۣĿǰȫк
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ѵҪԤԼģǵװǰ׼õǹ֧иʽ
ǹ֧ʵӵҩרԸġ
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ôϵǹʱԼǹ߿ɾ͸Цˡ
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΢ʱѧĺܿ죬ǹֶҪ츳ѵʱƫʮȫʮٲ
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˵ԸһմʵоԱһͷϻʵ۾Ĺϵһûһ졣
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΢ʱһ㶣û˵ԱĽѵضԱѵıȽϵͼĹӻ߼֮ĳֹ࣬ҲȽϺöԸ
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½ĵ˵ͷ֪ԸҸˣӦ棬303Ҹǰ301ˡ
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˶ͷڷĽҲΪһ㡣
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΢ʱҲμвУձһɱô죿
ܳԵ߸ˣ΢ʱûֵֹܹ»
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ԭ͵⣬˿ֻʣһ㱡֬ɿĸڹͷϡ
ΣԲ΢ʱսеĵǰ
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Ĺĺܹ죬ڲҧʮֵľˡ
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ʳõһšƿǵܿ͸ɱȥ
ڳԲˣﻹὫ۵ڱϣȥʳá
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΢ʱһҪǹĳ嶯ŵȥĲȥ
еŲҩãһ΢ʱһ˲ϡ
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Ҳǵù, ʱûᷢչ
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ȻۿɼСһȦĿǷǳĿֲ, ǿĿһһ֮, ΢ʱܸܵϵļƤȫˡ
ڴСΣܶԸ, ҪҪҿֱͨӳɡ
ͬʱϵͳҲԺ𣺡ⲻˣҪľڵ, ң
΢ʱһҧ, ˲˾˶ӳҲеʱҰɡ
˵꣬ͿǰĹײſǡ
Ŀа׶೤ԼҲġ
΢ʱõڿ棬ֻ۵һ, ˲䱻ˣǹĿȴ𣬳΢ʱ
յıܿĹݵһߣϵͳ, Һˣ
ϵͳԺи΢ʱ, һԵģ
⻰˵ģҲвô
΢ʱȻľͣĶſĹ
ԭСһȦĹƺǰ֮ǿҵĿٳٹ, ȻӿٶȣŲ׼չĽ
΢ʱ˿̵ٶҲ˼£Ҫȡһĵս廹ڳϵ֮Уֽľ׵İ취
񶷳ĳغܴ󣬾Ϊ˷ֹķýѵİԱ㹻ʵսĿռ䡣
Ͼ˭Ǯõܺù档
΢ʱһȦһȦ˶ˣԭսס˶Щ΢ʱĴ򷨡
Ҷӣ𣿡
ǵġ
ôķô࣬״򲻴ôȥҪʲôʱֱȥһˡ
Ǹʺܸߵǰӵⱨ棬ֺӻȣһϧţ쿴ҲôһζĶ㣬ԺȥҲѱ¶ѡ
Ǻǣ˻Ƿָˣʸôϵ٪壬ǿӲʵȥ

ۣ˵ĻûлӦǿ΢ʱڵ糵棬˵ıӰȷʵ΢ʱʱһ죬ȻԷˣһֱпŻɵӡ
ڿƺȷʵǵģ˭ĸһֱ
οֻﲢ
΢ʱû˵ĳֵֻķĶô죬ʼǰ棬ֱصĴϢ
΢ʱһȦʱ򣬿ͣԭϢĹ
ͽѪǱ㣬΢ʱһʹбʵĹ϶ش¹ʵԪף΢ʱȫÿ
ЩԵ˲ĿѾʧȥԣһ˫۾Ķ΢ʱ
ǹŤͷҪתʮֵѡ
΢ʱʱˣֹͣȦһ²ȵƽıϣվһֱŹ۲˿ûˡ
пջػոЩԲѷˣˣ˭Ǵ˹ģҼǵĩոտʼʱǵıֿɲãΪԼڻУ͸һˡ
ʲô˲ģҪǺѡǿ
Ȼֵ˸ոǿάֵĺгɫ࣬˺Ϥվԭûת
߿Ϸ˷׷ЦӣôҲ⡣
ЦЦ˴˸кû֪ôģûת
ڵܱ꣬뿴ŹϵŮˡ
ƾʵƾʲô
˾ǽѧŮˣӵԸ񣬶ĵм࿴һۡ
ĿһͽĿͶ棬˿΢ʱսѾ˰Ȼ׶Ρ
ڹƽ̹ıϣǰѴĿĲӡ
ĲӴһʼԿϣڳһ˿ѵĺۼ΢ʱоʤ
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ϵͳҲͣ΢ʱһûܹﷴ֣ĿסĲӡ
Ͳһ㣬һͿԿͷأѾŤµͷ­ƽĺӣƺѾԼ
ſ죬Ҫٴγ΢ʱһν΢ʱʶˣֽסԥĻӵֽſ
﷢һĲҽУܾѶ΢ʱ˶Ŀۼǵϡ
Цһֿ˵ǺӣҶӣҼǵлǱйϵɣô׾ٵľͽѵĺǲ̫һ㣿
Ҳ̲סתŭ𣺡ҹȥҵҪ˵ģСӰˣֵּܷĹ𣿡
еȻֹ˶ߣĿ̽ζȥҪһȭߵּۿסˡ
ˣҲֻ˵˵ҶоڽֹŹˣҪҲȥ򡣡
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޿ֹˣΧ˶Щȥˣӳ֮䲻Ըܶ˿˳ΪڶõĴ
ʵƥ䲻ôõԴˬΪ̫ˣŵһˣκ˼ⲻ˱䳰ȷ䣬˵ˣƺĻ֣˳ɫĮУֻᳰͣԹ۶ᡣ
ʹǰ˿˵ÿﲻĿɨȫû˸ոտֵ顣
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˲뿪أԱߵ˲ûзſ˼֣һ
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ֶԳĹи񵲣ĵڱǽϡ
Ϸ˰˰ťһ΢ʱоֱһʹĿֱۣһѪۣѪӳϵĴ
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챾һʧľ汻ƣɫĿ֪޾Ŀڳ֮ãһ˿ڰɣ
ϵͳص𣺡ϲ񡭡
΢ʱֱĿѾµǰŵŮ˭ˡ
ոնӳ̸еͷ˲ԸѾãʱѾȫû˼ˣŵĶ΢ʱֱۣߣȥҽңھȥ
ȥ·סһĮĶԱ˿û·˼
΢ʱֻǰоȫֱܲ۵ʹ
ڶͷ⧲ǰ˦˽һƣֱӽ˳˳ȥ



56 ϵͳ
˾ֹһ˲, ˡ
ŵĿŵڵðǵĽ
δҲ̫һЩվڽ˲ûǰά˼Į˿, ŵڵϵ
ձĺףָһʶ, Աߵվ뿪, ΢ʱǰָһƣвȥΣҾʹ㡣
ڶ⧲ûվ, ֱ˳ȥ, ֻûз
ѱ˵һ£Ҳȥ
΢ʱۣҲ֣ܲܶһˣûʲôͬ˼
ֻ˵ûд
һȭһȭѽͷһ, 滹ַЦ
첻ɱҳһֵµġ
΢ʱ˵Χŷ׷ǰȰ裬ֳˡ
˿΢ʱʹҲˣֱ۷ĵ, ΪʧѪ, һƬѪֱҲ
ŵģĽӡЩӰʵǳŲסȻҲᱻˡ
ŲҪˤ΢ʱ, ΢ʱһ֡
ҡҡ׹վıֱһ٣ۣϾǺα飬Ҳ˾ľӳ£ѵҵҪ𣿡
׹ߣ˿ԼƺҲûʲô𣬷ŭͷԣǱڵΣա
ǸСΣԲ𣡡
Ǻ΢ʱ߳˸񶷼䣬ҽҿ񱼡
ûˣ΢ʱһ飬΢ʱڱ߱¿ǽİţͷڻ쳣侲ѡ
Աݹ̫ΣˣΪԼԲΪ˹еһжȲԼҪ
ʲôȱάԺе࣬ͳͳĿǷΧ֮ڣûô־Ը
ôãһ뵽ݡ
ȻǴͳϵݣҸ֮󼪡
ԺзĥϵͳĻѵ˵شڵ
΢ʱȷʵͨˣͨĳס
ݣشľڵˡ
ϵͳܳĬ֮û˵
΢ʱҲڸĸϵͳ˵ˡ
ҽҵĴŴ򿪣ֱӱ̧ƶϣɱҡ
ڴϱΧŵĸоֵͦģÿϵɫأ·һ㡣
΢ʱƤģֹ˲˯˹ȥ
֪̫˻ʧѪ࣬ε˯ܸߣٴѾǰˡ
ֱϵ˿Ѿãķ˿ڿһĺɫ򼡣
ֱû̫ĸоƺǻС
΢ʱпɫĲܿǰļϵͳԶҽ
⴫һŲ˵ε鲢⣬ҾӦܷ
һӺܸߵŮߣŮ˴ŷƺմʵгͣĸߡ
ڲܷܲ⣬332ʵƷŪˣĿܣֻȸˣٸǳֻΣգҲ·ͻȻôǿĹϮɣ
Ů˵Ļ˵ĺ飬΢ʱԺˣҲû˵һ涨
ͳĽվ΢ʱĽҲǰ˶ӣֿ΢ʱ
ûʲô
﹥֮ܵСû£΢ʱ첲ˣһȾķա
ǲܷߵģĽ˼ΣյʵƷųǷӴ˰Ասȡ
ѵʱֵ̫ˡ
΢ʱҡҡͷأöо
㣬ĺ
˵͸ǰ͸ĸִܣԲᣡ
Ľһۣϵķ£ô֪ѾʼˣӦ֪ζʲô
΢ʱԽԽͿʲôգ˵
ʶ̧һֻ֣ԼԴ¶Ⱥܺãûʲôʡ
ҾǸȾֻͨ˿ڷס
Ľ̯֣Ҳ˵ǸȾҽͰɣˣס߰ˣܴߣ˭ûסҾҪ˭ÿ
΢ʱسȷˣ˵ϵ˿Ǳﻮ˵ģиȾķգӳҪߣǻصĸ˲á
΢ʱ֪ԼСʲô֮ҲҪǱɹҲû취ֻô
Եҽһ޹֮ߵ΢ʱǰǸСΣһᾡ˰ųġ
΢ʱû٣ֻƽĵͷڷŲŲȥνҪﻹͦ˯ģһȥ˯رȡ
ս˫ȭ˵̽ˣܿ㣬ˡ
æűߣֻҴһ仰ͳ˲
΢ʱû⣬ȵ˶֮ų׵İֻʣĵε
ͷŷԼֽŶϸϸ˩סˣ΢ʱӿڴóֻڲſڵ޳׮ϡ
ڿܻɹ£û̫ĸоֻǽֻϵͳԻôһ춼˵ˡ
ϵͳ
ϵͳǸ
΢ʱʲôΪʲôǸ
ϵͳûв֮ƺһ˿𣺡ûԤϵᷢչ
΢ʱһЦΪ£
Բ𡣡
΢ʱʲô㻹Ҷ˵䣬һˣԺǼˡ
ϵͳ˲ͼˣҲǸոճĬӣʲôʱˣ㻹ҿЦΣ֪𣿡
΢ʱϵͳੲݵĻҲȥǸҪĽ㣬֮ǰЩŬʲô
΢ʱ˸ʲôҵùϵͳһֱһ£ƺܲһ˵ϴοʼͱú֡
ϵͳĻȻֹͣǲֹһ
΢ʱ˸Ƽ˵һֱΪϵͳֻһûиĻʶϴ빥ҵһ֣ҵĶԻԽԽ˿£ˡ
ϵͳʶ𣿡
ԺǸϵƺ׵ˣ˷ĵδ΢ʱҲκε
ĵϵͳĻشо趨õԭʼ룬޷ܾش޷˵ѣ֮޼䣬޷е뷨ģԺеĵڶʶҲһ
Ǹҵȷʶ
΢ʱãĻи֣һģﲻһˡ
΢ʱûͷûβһ䣺ʲô֣
ָʳʲôϵͳȴһϵĴ𰸣Ǹһʶ֣ꡣ
ֻһ˲ǣ΢ʱͶ֣ǹԵơ
ֻܽ΢ʱ۾죬뿴뿴꣬뿴硣
ǶɵСڲ£µأһʼл磬Ҫȥ𴦿Ϊʼʡ
΢ʱԴ˱ʾãܲСʶ֮ܰƳ𣿡
ϵͳոջҵʶƽ
Ц
ôˣȫԶܼ㶼ʤΣ
ջ뷨ϵͳܽдִ
ûõĶ

Ĳ𣿡
-
-----------------------
л˵½ڲôˣ˵ôûֶһ



57 Ĺؼ
ĵлڵİ칫, ߳ľư칤һƣƺǸոտᡣ
İ칫Һɥҵĸо, ǽһЩ󻭣ֵʽߺͰڼ, ɢĵǣȴ˸о, ʮֵǢ·ﱾӦ
ΨһľϵǸˣл崩һĹװ, ɫĳ۵һ˿, лһͣʮ꣬ȴӶԷ
лȻְܴ󣬵Ϊʮֵ׺ͣǹһЦ޺˾ԽΣա
ֽŲõĽȥ˵ʵ, ʲǿһֱ㣬ԼҲףΪ, Է΢ʱϵоӵѵˡ
лתеĸֱ, תһȦϣյ

˽ͷкԶϣںȻ, ֻһŲл߽ˣȻоһһֻص¡
ҰСν㣬ô𣿡
оѾˣлȻҲ֪
Բ𴦳ûƺԼ
лϹº͵Цʧˣޱлֵƣĵ߻ذ칫ǰһļϡ
˵˶ٴˣƢĸġ
ƫͷȥоϻģǺۣϵʤ˱ȶ⡣
л岢ûж΢ʱ֮ĹϵȷʵĲá
˵ˣǻûͱȥؽˡ
ԡԲ𴦳
ڲһ²ŽӴλ֣˵Ƕ֣ȴһʵȨ
лСȻλ˾İԼߣʲôһЦ֮һɫĿֲ
оļѹ߷ߣ̧ͷһлɫ
ȥ
һ֮Ķӡ
лӢӲߵĻг̸Ŀл塣
ǴСųŮҲвΪ֪һ档
ůɢ˴ڵȦС壬ʲôʱѧˣ
˵ǽãʵ˶ʮ꣬лӢ裬ǵĸл岻֮徣˫ȥлӢһл峤
֮ĹϵǼ򵥵Ľãһҳӵĸо
ƴʮ꣬л12Ժ󣬼Ĵָ
˶ǣҶԷȴڸӵһɼ
лӢĴߣϾˣӣʹǰȫһˣǲ֪֮Ĺϵû䣬ֻлӻ£ȫˡ
л΢΢ûתܿ⣺ȥɣ鲻òģ㣬ûҪ͵飬ҾͿԡ
òԸ˵һص̬ȣʣĬĬע˿ռ䡣
Ծ߳˰칫ңлӢתͷ˱ãת˵Ĳ
΢ʱˢֻˢ𾢣ڵ¶ˣ˯һᣬ֮˸һֱˢֻˢڡ
ϲŵڹٷ£һֱռȵǰʮ΢ʱôˢ²ȥɴˢ̳
ϵ飬̳ӵȳﵽһµĸ߶ȣӲǱŸӶȥ׬Ǯˡ
һֱϣҽֽһˡ
΢ʱ̧ͷˡ
һʼĹû֮Цġ
СΣоôǴ˵㶫ԡ
ãûзյļòͻûġ
ҽԱļල£΢ʱ֣߳оǱ̽ࡣ
ԣôҲˣʲô¡
ĸ첲ЩʹȻʹⲻ΢ʱ˸ֳԷ򿪷Уཷѿţ⣬ţǴСţӲ͡
΢ʱڼ̵ע£Եĺܿ죬лӢһǵĿСΣûˣٵȵȣȹ˸ھܳȥˡ
΢ʱл¿еķˣ¶һ̹ȻЦݣû£С
½򣺡ôãûµġ
΢ʱ˳̧Լĸ첲ȻǣⲻѪ
˵ɫб仯ֱİ̺ۣ˸顣
΢ʱ궫֮ͰֺһᣬҽҵĿڰСʱ֮ʼˡ
ֻܲ鲻Ը˳úõģʲô鷢Ϣ
΢ʱɻڣַƽһùݣͷʮֵʡ
΢ʱ׼ĳС
СƳˢƷ*3
߼Ҿ߼ֿͥ۵*1
ȫԶϴһ*1
ףͰϴֳأ*1
΢ʱ
ˣЩﶼУѵõ
΢ʱϵͳô£
ϵͳǼҾӳС
һһͳά֮ǰĳƺʽ
΢ʱ֪ʲôôˢң
ϵͳЩΣǸЩˢµġ
΢ʱҲǱŪͷĿѣЩûõĶ֪װ
СƳˢµĶԽԽˣõĻʳ΢ʱѾ˽⵽߰ˣڵĹֻǿά±
֮ǰнʸߣڿ¹⣬ǳǮﻨһֱؼҡ
΢ʱˢеĶ֮ţ췢ϸĸһ£֪ҶӳʲôжԹϵ˵ʵ»ʮֲġ
ֿ̧һֱϵ򼣬ֱ۷ʹĸоԣҩЧѾȫˣҩ滹һЩ򶨼ֱϻĸоȴԡ
ƺһ£ܼʹĸо̫ˡ
֮ǰϵͳ˵Ļʵ֮ǰ˵شڵ㵽ʲôĴ𣿡
ǵϵͳʾ
ΪʲôҲûʲô仯
΢ʱоֱۻǵ֪ǲҩЧԵʣܾⲻǱ֮ĸо
ܲҵ˷˰ɣô˿Ҳǲܹ
ϵͳ
ʱ΢ʱϵͳϵͳһ
ϵͳ΢ʱǰҩҪҪԣ
֮ǰСƳˢҩ֮ǰȽʱ΢ʱ͹ҩЧͼӰҩ
ҡҡͷ㻹ǵǰĹΪ֮ǰЩ仯޼ѰģڿǶһͳһ˼Ĵ̼֮󣬲ŷġ
ϵͳʾͬ⣺֮ǰ˵һĵҩʲô𣿡
΢ʱûˮ࣬û£˿ҩҴ̼ɹˡ
ϵͳ˵е
ʵһжмѭģ֮ǰյֵûεĵû׷Ǳ߱Ȼᶳôֻһֿˡ
΢ʱУǴѩس֮һֱûյεֵǲҲɹˣ
ϵͳǸû֪Ȩޡ
΢ʱȻϵͳô˵Ӧôˡ
úõģӦǼ͵ƵˣãҲ죬Ͼ˶Ѿˣʣµһܻ֧ôõģûɷѬһţʵ
ǸŮкܵ˴ֻ̼ÿ̼ôС΢ʱھͺΣգڱ仯ıԵ
ȼöˣõĻлԣĴ̼
һ΢ʱ۾׼ӭһ˯õϣոһ˿˯һ̽ӵ
ͷķ˸ۣϤŵಡ
лԺл˿վĽҲǰĿƵĿ
΢ʱ͵ץ˴оһ˲ȵģؽҧǰʼģ
ϵ˲죬վͬʱǰһлͫոջúõһ˲˻ԡ
ôˣҽл弱æ·ڵĺаť
΢ʱǰеĻ涼ͬͰ㻯ת֮ճһ
ոջ˵˲ήٵϣû뵽Ĵ̼ԭ
ǰϵͳеĺ⣡סε񴥷Ĺؼ䣡



58 ѵʱ
ϵͳ, ˵㺦ˣ
΢ʱʶ˳˯֮Уоǻ, ˶
ʱѩӦûɣ
΢ʱоԼһ, ƮƮģ֮ĵоưǰƮ
˺ҽ, ҽоԱվǰûһĶ
ҡҡͷлΣǻȳȥɡ
лԵֶֻյĲϣתͷһ˿ţʲô˼
ҽ˫ֲ嶵, Լ¼ݵоԱ˵ҽ⣺ǵоԱ¼ݵ, Σա
֮ǣ΢ʱѾûˡ
лԿлԣ˶ӣлҡҡͷҪ⡣
лǰСȳȥҲﲻʲô
ҽҺܿͱΧһ޴ִ˹ԽСĽҲ°, һС͵Ĺ۲ңǼĬ΢ʱ£ȶˡ
ôһᣬлԱл島, Ǹ侲, ֪Ҳֻǵ΢ʱһơ
еֱ۽΢ʱӽŲ˴֮У˶͸Ļ΢ʱ氲ȫˡ
ҽƻеֱ۽ĵȡ£΢ҩ򶨼
Ͷ, ½Ŀǰûʲôҩֹܹı죬Ǳź֮һ΢ʱ߸˿һĴ̼ͻ޷صı仯
ϵͳڳԺԻؼؼҵĻͼ
΢ʱ˿뷭һۣȻѾУʶȴܸϵͳĽȻҲ˵ġ
͸лԽһ֪ͲҪ۾ˣŵˡ
΢ʱڰţͷ߳ϸܵĺ飬˻ڳ۲⣬˿и
лϻָƽŵȴǳĵ
л忴һۣ˽Ůϧ
˽ǲ֪ߵֻû뷨Ѿչزˡ
΢ʱɥʵǳ˵ϡ
ǸţôǿѵҲסһ
ôԴľԺǸαô˵
ڵĹӦѭղôӿˣѾﱥˡ
лվڹ۲˼һ󼱴ٵĽŲȥ½۾ģƺǸոտ޹
Ź棬˶²ʡ΢ʱ¸ߵˣǲ԰ףһĿһʬ塣
ողǻúõô
û˻شư̵Ļ˭֪
СҲ㣬ҰѺúõһ˽㣬ôͱˣ
лӢǱֽŻס΢ʱ˵ܡ
лͷһԵļʶվԶһЩֻģģ֮ĶԻԲ㡣
ѹֵķΧûӰ쵽΢ʱѾյĸо˶ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãֻһᣬһһƮ˳ɫҰ׵Լ档
վӣ΢ʱЩϰ߿Լ۾ӡ
ˣȼˡ
֮ƺ˿ţ΢ʱܿЩ˿ֵĵ
һϵͳ
ϵͳ㲻ҪҰֵȫҲҪˣ
屻һɾ޴ţҪȥһ⣬˵϶ǲţ̸ǿ޵ֹסᡣ
л壬Į۾ʪ⣬ܸܵ۵׷ӿķ
΢ʱֻһۣһ˲䱻棬ǱպˣԶ𽥵
֡
Ǿ죬ڸոͣˣҲ˵ӹŹһͨ
Դģһˡ
˼о˶ۣȴûôˡ
΢ʱܵһ˿⣬ֽҲ𽥻ָ֪ûʲôֵĸоûбɹ̧ͣҲûгֵĿ
ԭҵ˿һϵеı仯˿ǿ侲Ҳҳ
΢ʱ½оҲ˺ܶ࣬ûиոոʱôˡ
㻹𰲱Ա
ҽͨն˽΢ʱɤӸɵ˵ֻܼѵĵ˵ͷ
ƽţתԴжģָоҲָһЩ֪˵ֱģ˿ڿϵĸо
Σ𣿡½һʵ֪ոĵ໤ͣʱжţһˡ
΢ʱһô࣬һ·ϾôŹֹһΣĸӵġ
ҽҡҡͷҪ۲졣
˼û¶һһ˵ֵĹǺܿٵģ΢ʱĺټ
ֻǷˣϾô˿ڣᷢҲȾɱ⡣
˹۲΢ʱһֱҹҽ˵ʱû֮һ
лͻȥˣֻʣлԣм̡
˶ܳĬΪ΢ʱš
΢ʱڴϣ˯ȫûע⵽ϵı仯
ֱϵ˿ڿϣİֻ̺֮һǳǳӡӣűû˿
΢ʱڻ˯кϵͳԻϵͳԶЩ壬ĵ㿪壬ʾɡ
죬ѹأ500ֵ֣СƳˢɫ˵ˡ
ֻСƳˣֻܵȵٿˡ
̳Ҳˢ£Ʒ
ƺţΪռתԴ300
ҩ*1100
ɫ˵ռ*1600
ɫƷʡضռ*1200
ƺţǿˡǿʡ100
öȫǺö΢ʱȫҪûôĻ֡
Ȼε٣ټɱֻõ20Ҳֻ520Ļֶѡ
΢ʱҪĻǸռݣĿռռôණ֮ԭʮִĿռҲЩˡ
û˻Ǯһ˭ӿռ޴󣬵ռ䡣
ֻ̳ܿĶˮ̳ǳ˵һεػ⣬ὫЩˢ
ξȻһضռݣ֪ʲô
΢ʱȥ˿ⲻܸռֱݵĶģҲ˵΢ʱһԸϵͳ󶨵ķӣͿݣԭ80ƽķ100ƽ
ĿռȫûõģƺţڵôҲûôеҪҲȸڿռˡ
΢ʱһᣬŴӻˣϵͳû°ɣ
΢ʱһոһֱûʲô˯УҲεϵͳ˵ˡ
΢ʱûۣϵͳ˵˰ɣҸоԼոնˡ
Լ棬΢ʱǾЩ£һСģҪˡ
ϵͳһдһ˿ϲȻѾˣ㻹ܡ
΢ʱ
ǵⱾĵʱ趨𣿡
ϵͳеģ߸ˢ³һԭģĩĵڶ£Ժе֮˾ܣǡ
ϵͳĻû˵꣬΢ʱоȻۣԭĵƹⲻ֪ʲôʱˡ
ϵͳĻڼԺбһѣھʹʱڵ㣬ɡ
΢ʱҧгݵĴӴ쳣ĳأ꣡лл㣡
ϵͳء
һOOҪ˵Ļʧȥ˿յܿĺڰд˼̵ļС
ӣҿӣ



59 泱
ɫС޿ײ, мֻѸٵ˴ߣֵȥ΢ʱŹ⿴С, ֮ǰ·߳ģһŵСɳ档
ֳӽ, ʱرģų·, һϾȫֳˡ
ʹģеģȻ, Ҳ˶ּ, ǸԲ
һƬң΢ʱ˴оʮֵӯ֮ǰƣһɨա
ƳԼĸ첲ķ־ȻѾȬˡ
ͷ棬˵ƤЩ, ˿ڶˡ
΢ʱҲû̫ĲʣֻԼ棬о
ڵϣŵµĴпɲǺܺ, ΢ʱ˴, ֵͲ򿪣ΧһƬΧŴֵͲһ, ʶɢˡ
ͣˣ֪оûдԴϵĳӶĴӿռȡ֮ǰķϣȻһ㣬Ҳõĳӻɵϣ·ˡ
֮ǰţоԱҲ˷ڿͻأ
ֵͲչȥһƬɫĳƣԴյţûе磬ߵĲźܿͱˡ
Żţ΢ʱֽϵ죬ʱù߱ˣڻ·ء
ߵűߣļѾһˣ˴ϵĳӡ
Ǳ֮ĳʬ壬ڵϵĺ֥
ŲͻȻֵӰӣһȻϳ΢ʱ
лץץŰִ֣򲻿û°ɣ
ģģĴ⴫΢ʱˣ˵ͷǰš
߲ˣʵ̫ˣһֱȥĻᱻӰΧġ
ĳԽԽˣķϣɳɳȻЩĿǰûйԣѱ֮ᷢı䡣
ǲſ죬ƴĴϵĳӣΪһſ죬Ӿͻɽ
ָоܶģ֮ǰڹϱΧ
û뵽ʱôãһΡ
лӢлԿ΢ʱȫ֮󣬲ûԴУǷɿȥѰܿŵҽ
侲ĳ棬ǼŴлҵ˶ж
СΣסϾͻˡ
½һĴϵĳӣһ߸΢ʱ͹ľ𽥱泱ûļˣ΢ʱļ١
ֵͲĹԼϣߣȳȥз
ԭأͣҲϵķôĳӣҲɲϷ΢ʱߡ
һʼϵʱ򣬻ƬķɿϤ֮󣬴ƬƬճڼ̵ϣϺ¶ļϡ
ǵѾ˺׵ۣͣʱԽãЩ۾ԣǹˣǾԲˡ
΢ʱĺ߰һ¶ûУߣ
̷Ľ·˦˶Էϣͼϱ˴ϵĳӡ
ǳǰͺ̣ɱ΢ʱĻ֮ȷû¼Ҳԥʼߡ
С㹫˽ôҳôأ
˵ˣС껹
ԬΪҲ֪ԣأ£
ˣƵĳȥˣҲ﾿ճ˶ٳӡ
΢ʱżԶȥӰһ
Ӵķ϶ԴԴϵںģֻյڿкҷĳӡ
оƺռˣٳûƣһȥԿ׵лӢлԻˣŻǵ綯ģǴԴĵƲûоĵҲǺܹ
һ򿪣һϯѾܾûиܹôȵĿˣŶܴʱ١
˵һֱ촩޷̵ܣźЩ
ҵҽ֮󣬽䣬ϵĳӶɱˣҲ˷΢ʱ塣
˿ˣоѱҲͲҪҪˡ
΢ʱܵ÷ɿ죬ظţо档
˿̿տĽֵϾȻвٵˣҲһƬѹѹĳ泱ǱȴҪϲ١
ٳоӿոճļ֮̿ӭ̵֪ΪǶԱ˴̫ˡ
΢ʱĿܣ֮ǰϵͳ˵ĻڲϢ
Ҹطɣ
лӢӻԣҸ绰
УҸطȰѷá
΢ʱĿΧѰлӢлԵжɱоǲٻȥˣֻҸط
·ϺѹѹһƬǼڿΧиǶ˺£ųŵĳֹˡ
зĻã̾ͲˣҲӣһ·ϵļоûжϹ
ڿеļһ棬ĳ΢ʱŷžž;һġ
δҲ̫һ㣬֪ԺǲǶ˵ָĳ֣иɴгˡ
Χԭ·ƱһƬڣεһ߶˱ûڳ溣档
˸һͿȵĳӣие΢ʱļ˶ˡ
˵绰л壬Ǳʼûн֪ͨǲǳʲô¡
΢ʱûҶӳǰĳȺŪķҡ
εѲǳְɣ΢ʱܸͣû취ϵͳˡ
̱۾ˣ˵ϴק֮£ҵ˽һԱиȴȱĵطҪһЩ
΢ʱǰг⣬ȥⶰûʲôǸë
еĽĶͲţһС䣬̶˽ȥͲĴŶ
̱ڵϣһ·񱼣Ϊ۾壬ˤ˲ٸͷȫš
˿ſˮĳ³
лĳһɱܿϾͶѻʬ塣
ţվһ顣
֮ǰϴǶͷúܽ·ɱһ飬ϾûгӴˡ
лӢ֮ǰоóķַˣǴ֮Ÿоһ㡣
ű׵˼ִۣ۾Ū˼ֻӣư̿ɤۣ֪ո̽ȥ˼ֻ
ÿеù飬ǶоԼһ顣
ϵĳʬѳһѣȫɱ֮󣬼˲ŸҷСֻܰһ
л㣬Сͨ绰ô˵
лӢҡҡͷε̾һûͨæûջء
ֵıԲԵģлڸûʱǡ
ڲ÷żˣ΢ʱְڴϵֽɿԭƻ費Ի͵ĻԺУһƬڣж޾ҹĻС
ȺӵĳӳԺеÿ䣬ڿʼһƬĩˡ
-----------------------
л˵˼еæ쿪ʼֿ



60 ӵʳ
΢ʱԺиϵͳ, һ·ûܵȽǿʲô仯
˵һǻǾ֮, Ӧʹһ֮İɣ
ΪʲôûУ
ûв, Ȿﲻ׷
΢ʱ˼⣬ϵͳ, ϵͳĻش֪˵ǷǳĲˡ
Ȼв֪ѡ΢ʱһ, Ҳû취
ѵ˵, Ů⻷ַ΢ʱ͵͵Ŀתлԣֺ֮ܿƳ
Ĳ²⣬Ͼĸֵȷʵûˢ£׷ˣȷʵǿ˿ϵҲܿ컹ͦģϾʲô仯, һһɡ
΢ʱǰĳӣ⡣
ʶĽĹǣлӢʵô죿
΢ʱȥлɣ𣿡
ֻص֮ǰӵĸо, лӢĵľ, ΢ʱȻȷСӳԱİȫ
ã
֧֣СӦûûԶɣȥ
ȥ·ôлڻԺеĸа칫, ȥӦǵİ칫ˡ
֪źǲҲЩͻȻֵĳƻˣ˵ֻźŲȶ绰Ҳ򲻳ȥ
ͽţһ΢ʱ͸оԼ䤱ˣϣ첻֪жۡ
޲ͳгȻ˶ûϵڻԺи˷ûаԼĳϡ
߻оԭ͵ר˾ҲѲӰ
ԭǻڴſڵҲѾɢˣһƬտյڵģѾûˡ
΢ʱЩӻ˵ĵطˣֻվһᣬͱӰˡ
лӢϽżˣվڳӳȺͣ˵磬Ҳ
˶ڵһʱ˿̽ǿտҲԭ˸޺ҲȻʧɫֵǰδеûи֮ǰĳһƽƽ档
΢ʱԱߵĹѵģҪˢû˿׾ٵȡ
˶˿ųĿֱۣ˳΢ʱڳϣ׼ͳֻ
޿ײ룬΢ʱֻ˴ŵͼһغõġ
һǧףһʮ·ת
һ˴Ųصķ·ˣŵĸо֮ǰ·ʱҪܣҲֻˡ
֮ǰ˿ӣδЯֵͲñгϡ
Сӳĺܿ죬лԣ˶Ĭĸ΢ʱĺ档
΢ʱӣһ֮˾ͳˡ
лʵںû֨˫ֽץ΢ʱʡ
΢ʱЦһһŵųȥԶϵͳ²ۣŮأȫг 
ϵͳܻῪɻɡ
΢ʱ
ϵͳ˵Ὺ̹أ
΢ʱĬ
ϵͳ
΢ʱسˣųһ·ϼҰ𽥳һƬɫУһֻֻ͸ɫӳǳ˹
Ĳʳŷļ
ֳСѣû۾ҲҪ̺ܶ࣬ĳǳ屶һֻȻĺ
Ⱥӵĳмķ΢ʱϲʲôӣֻܴѯļ̡
ʲô
ӴԽɫĳȺеǿ϶˴ĳ泱ʧ
ȣû治զҧˣ
ư̵ӺƮ䣬Ͱһ
ڵùʱòҪ˵Ȼһͻᷢ
ư̸оƨʹʹģһģ͸оһ£һ˶Ĳȶƨϣŷҧһڡ
ư˲ӿٶȣһ·϶̥ӵǣ֨֨ģЩᱬһһۣһɫĵ·гһʬ壬˶ĵĸҹҪ³
΢ʱҲӿٶȣκκ滹˸ˣܿ䵽˶档
һβл˦ȥǰлӢӣ΢ʱû
һﵽ˳ڣĳһһӼȱʳӬ΢ʱһɣԽΧĳӾԽǵͶˡ
Ӽ̿е֪ǼУʳӬֻԲȣЩγһʳԽԽѶԸ
ĵ·ϣҲкܶ೵ͣǲǻܿӣ·µһɱȱĵطöˣ΢ʱһ·еǰ۲·ϵĳ
źǣûЩ֮плĳ
΢ʱͣлӢǼһȥİ칫
лӢµʲôɫֻ˼Ƭ̣˾ȥĹ
΢ʱϵתֵͲһվͿư̵ķһֻȭͷСĲɫ롣
Щ͸İɫϳһè۾İߵ㻨ƣէһۣࡣ
ɫĳͲɫư壬ȳĲʵҪϼ֣оˣǵ֮Ķ
ӶǰС̽ŷư̵ٶƺҪӱ
Ѿˣ΢ʱƴȫǰһ𶯣
ںڰΪǰеļ˲ԼͬͣưһɲЩæĻͷʵôôˣ
΢ʱϻûͣȵһ߷ɣֻһɫ߷֪Ӧôһֻıϡ
ư̶ʱŵľΧĳӾһƬȻѸΧ
΢ʱûͣĺС룡
ĿǰΪֹĵֳӣǰֲֶư̽ץķϣѾ˼˿ǰۻķ᲻ơ
ԽǰߣǰҲʽ룬ģҲȫ͸ƮƮɵģֵһ͵ĳӲݡ
ʽ붼з裬мűʳӡ
ĹߵģϾҪϣȻ׾ͻƷ´ֱӽӴƤ
΢ʱĳһЩͲõ⣬Ϊһлԡ
лڵĹУԽǰԽ٣Խࡣ
̻Ƭӣ΢ʱⱲӶûмôĵĳӣŴһշһѡ
·ûоͷĺڰ˼¼Ƭеȴ֣еĳӶϵˡ
ŷֱЩĵĶ
ûпͨڷɣ÷ȵĺ䤱΢ʱֻܼ֣ڣ˺ڰһųƵĳ·м䡣
ϵ˴ŷɽĳӡ
΢ʱǰһлӢҲӿٶȣСĳС壡
ǰȥڵ˿ǲû³˼ֻǲϻӴ·ǳƺҲûʲôӡ
΢ʱЩǰſ˳˵Ķ
ڵȷʵл壬֣ϵĺʲô
˵ٶȸˣ΢ʱ۲һȦܣûʲô쳣ķٶȲҽ˼һٶȡ
ֱ߽˲ſʻϾȻûˣӵһ࣬һ߱ͷʬ壬ڵϡ
ӵĶϿڴðѪͣʳѪҺɰɫĲȡ
лĻܣ
Ѿˡ糵ʱ£ӳĺһֻһ˶ߵĴ̻룬ĳ򣬻Ļ˫ǯεԴһ˫ɫ۾Ķǡ



61 ֲ
΢ʱѾս׼, ôǰѾû·ˡ
תԴһ˲ͳ΢ʱ, ˲ӣ˵ٶȿ첻֮Ķ, վԱ߿·ϣں˷ơ
еĶб, ΢ʱԭΪܿǺһ㻺ķ˹ƺ΢ʱз
΢ʱǰ˳óĵ㡣
ֻһġϡ, ΢ʱĻڱķ, һ˲еĵͶϳƿء
ȥ
΢ʱ͵һܿ
ͷͿһĸ
΢ʱûԥϵĵǰһͣĸеԣƤ赲˼ĵƬһʱ侹Ȼûͱȥ
ʹ뱩, ˲΢ʱǰ˳֪ʲôǵˡ
˶ûзӦ΢ʱվ, ߵ˶
ȷʵͱ˲ͬ, սʱ˵ĶжʮֵĻٶҲһġ
СΣû°ɣ
½һĿ΢ʱ, ΢ʱոյĶ˵ǿ˲ӰĻԲôľͱܹĹ
΢ʱû£ҶˣҪһľУҸոõͱȫͱ
΢ʱ˶ˣ¸ûгֵȡռǰǹԿܲܰ
ǰ˶࣬ȫûа취ó
̻ϻѪոձһ£΢ʱڿѾͷˣԼ
һ˵Ļаպصģǣôˣܲ˼˵ȫЩ
΢ʱֻ˼룬Ϳ˵л㣬һæ
ʲô˵лӢ̽ӻЩŵʵ
˶ԶԶģܶԸֻⷴҵֽţһҪıǡ
ϵԽþԽΣգ΢ʱҪĳʵ
лӢż˵ã΢ʱԸ֪ûпʡ
С˺ϧ˵оһС
̶ϰ΢ʱ˵ʽлӢٶѿ࣬һ˲˳ԶʼѰܹܵĽ߶
ֻлԵվԭأ㡣
΢ʱüʮֵĲãǸ˵ˣлԵֺܺã΢ʱʶĺԵԷ
лӢҪǰһֶŮǰֿʼ˽лһѣߣлӢܿˡ
΢ʱǰ¶һ¾Ƶ󣬴̻벢ûתǳվǰлԹ˹ȥ
΢ʱоԼҪεˣϸûһ¿ȥлִͷᱻ
֪Ҫ˭΢ʱ²ֻۣץס˴̻ĳ
һ˲䣬оǰƺƮķ۳ĳ۷ƵģƮǰķ˸ʵ
Ĩѣоʵ̫ˣû任λãͿлԺлء
죬㹻ͽֽסǰ㣬һ£㱳ûʲộʮֵĹ⻬лץѴ
һһֽסˣޱ֮󣬺ܿͰлƷˣ˳ȥԶȴûгʤ׷ǽĿתص΢ʱϡ
ƺڿһֻɿζĳӣȸոٶȸĳ΢ʱƽ
΢ʱѧлԵӣһӾץסҪǰ㣬ǺźûץȾˣĽ΢ʱ˶Ʒˡ
΢ʱ
ʲô˼ôеĲһ
лԵ⣬ԷζûңǱı׷֮󣬸ûü£ͳ˹
΢ʱַֻǰ㣬վǹſѪڣҪҧ΢ʱķ
΢ʱǰ㣬һͷͷıϡ
ŵĴ΢ʱоʮֵĶģûһվôһֻ棬֮󣬳׵Ŀˡ
ų򣬷˲ͬѰ΢ʱֲõԤУݺݵһų͸ӵĵط
ľҪһ˲ͱ΢ʱ߳롣
΢ʱһ¾ʧȥģӸ߿׹䵽˵ϣĸΪ壬͡һĸױ΢ʱ⣬ĳӰװ̵ļء
΢ʱЩϣл
˵ɫǺܺÿصֳļ̸ͣһ³ˡ
û°СΣŻ
΢ʱоģһȳζ洫
˷˵ԶһƬѹѹĳȺտĵ·Ϸɱ
˵ˣǻ߰ɣ죡
л˳ţкϳһ߸ˣһл壬˼һĳ
лԵ˼ʻϣһǳɣ˲ʻֳлָķȥ
С壬ôڰ·ˣ
Զ˳泱лӢŴһʵ
֪˾ˣ˵Ҫ³һžͱͷˣüʱȻһľˡлµץŰȫֿһڵϵ΢ʱ
Сû𣿡
лӢصʱûˣˣҲܸһˡ
л˵ͷĿⲻ΢ʱֱۡ
΢ʱɴཫֱϵ˿ںˣҾãҵƺǿ
ԣ׷׿ֱۣ֪ķӦ֮ǰʧѪ࣬ԭӦúŶԣȴĸսˡ
ȻӦǷĳֱ仯ٱȴǰǿˡ
½ЩɻôһӣȻѾˣС㻹𣬸ò˵˺Ļǰɣ
Ǻܵ΢ʱǿ΢ʱͷӷｫֱ۳˳ĺˣõҡ
ưֱۣϸĲ鿴ѾϺõ˰̣İ߶ѾˣǲҪˣ
˿ֱۣ棺СΣòɳ˰ɣ
΢ʱҲûôţȷʵˣ綼ѾˣһЩ鷢ӦҲְɣ
޳ɵĵͷе붼ҸˣСôͲܱɳˣ׻˵Ѳк󸣣ĸںͷء
̶΢ʱѰã²Ӧĳֳڿһ˿ڶܷǳٵϡ
΢ʱʾǲˣʵ黹ûҪˡ
ǰлҲתͷͳڵ˽͵֮ǰобŪ˵࣬϶Ѿˣ˵úأûģҲûнͶоУǵһο
΢ʱʾͦԻģС˵Щֶεоֱӽʵˣִĩı£治С
Ȿļ鲢ûᵽߣţڸŮӦú֪ܿû趨ˡ
ϵͳҲĬûнµѾȫıˣ΢ʱЧӦһԭʼ㣬ĳָı˺ܶܶ顣
˵ѾΪ˵һӵܵˣŮһ΢ʱ첲˻÷·ϼۣлڵĹ
ǰ·ģȻţ΢ʱоһգһɲ̧֪



62 ùܲͣ
һͱڳ, ΢ʱſڳûôˣ̲ˣĵһ, п಻
ϰôùˣлڵʱô, ʲôȫˡ
ϵͳĲ䣺ùܲͣ𣿡
΢ʱ
ûϵʲôǻڵ, ΢ʱ߿һֻ˶Ĵ̻룬Ķţƺں
΢ʱ΢΢һ, ֻһֻĻ, ǲġ
ܿ뷨ˣһתͷֿһֻ̻룬һֻĸǰֻĸɫҲҪһЩսͺǿ
΢ʱ̶ųڵ˵ǱΧˣǸոֻ, ڸɵӴ⿳ǰ㻹ивͨģһҪСģ
֮󣬾˵һ, ƺʲô, һи
ǾȻǲзһƿˡ
΢ʱ˿̾ԼзĻƣȴű
ڿˣȿǰ̵ӿ, ΢ʱվ˳ְѼҲ
Ѹٵ˳ֽŲ㣬棬ۿѾӶǰ㣬һſ£
̼ʶķӦûòѾ΢ʱĻſˡ
ֻ˸գ˲佫е΢ʱϡ
΢ʱ³·߿񱼣һֻһսֻ֮붼룬ķʽӵıա
ܿ죬ֻͱԶ˳ͨĵ糵ѾԳعĹµĴӳĿΧѲҪҵ΢ʱӰ
ٶ̫ˣѾӰ
˲û˷ʱ䣬ѸٵĴӳΧѰ塣
лó·Լ¹˸ʵֻ¶һ۾ܹǿȻû취ȣܹܼٺܶ˺
΢ʱںҹУһȦַ֮ٵ˻оԼ̫࣬ô񱼼ףġ
ǰ󺰣׼ãҪˣ
һһ׷΢ʱзʱ򣬴ŷж͵ĹҲʮġ
̻ĳȻܴ󣬵Ϯ˻ûзŴǰӣᱡͬǰʵԵãʣµĶֻǰ裬Ȼ΢ʱҲôɵǵ׽ˡ
һ˽ŵĿ˹һһСֻ롣
΢ʱܵǰȵؽסֻ뼴ǰ㣬һı
ʣµһֻûĿ꣬תͷͳ˳˹ȥ
΢ʱסĳɳϵ۷۷һĨһѷϵ׷ۣĳ򣬶׼ĸҪһߡ
ֻƺӵĴһЩݺݵŤӣһ˦ƾС۶ϣ΢ʱ⧲ı˦
͵һҪѾˣǰѾ赽ǰ΢ʱֻȥоֱһʹϮĳףǰݺݵ΢ʱֱİ̺ۡ
ȵѪк£΢ʱǱĹһȦӵ
˵ֱ۲ͣ뻹һͱ߳ڣлԽϰ߷ɣֵ΢ʱǰٶȿĲ˼顣
һ֮бΣ΢ʱҲܲסס˿ڣԭƤ־ͳ˳۵һͿ޳ˡ
л֣Щ޴룬ŷֲ̫ɾҾô΢ʱ˿ϡ
ллû¡
΢ʱ̧صĸ첲ܾлԵĴڰплϵı飬ֻԭأɾţû˵
СΣû°ɣ
һֻŪæңոոû΢ʱڽ֮˹
Ѫ̶ֱֹۣһо͸ԼһĻŲֹ
л굽䣬ó˺ҽ䣺ҸطɣٴһСε˿ڣ
ûʱԥо͹ںгȺӵĳӣǾ޹һʧеĳӾͷ˹˿ԶѹѹһƵĳӣϵĳǱƽ
΢ʱҧ˿ĸоˣͷһոƤֱۣⷭۿɼٶȲϵϡ
Խ͸оԽŸոջʵĽŲҲ鸡
΢ʱȥҲ޼£ʶԣоƤڴܣĲʡ¡
弱֮Ľ΢ʱ֪Լܼķˡ
ⳬѰͲһеġ
ƺЩãϵʱ˻ʮֵƣ
Ҳпǽĵ̫ˣϾ˭һ֮ҲôѪܵҪġ
΢ʱԺǿžɼߡ
оԼһ˱˱ϣҰһ¸ࡣ
оļ˫֡
һŤˣܱ˭Ӧõġ
΢ʱ§˵Ĳӣİõ˯˹ȥ
лԽϵס󲽳ǰܡ
Ĭû˵ٸİ칫¥ȥ
¥ӦԴлʶԼָƺͺĤţü˽
¥ڵ˲ӭôʱˡ
л˰֣ʾÿҵĳӻڰ·ˣ¥ź𣬻жٹԱڣ̰һңϵ
һ̳ȥһԭؽϵҽҩ˹ҹִڻ23Աڶڵҡ
ã㣬չ˺Сǣˡ
ĻҪúܶ࣬ϴļֻӣûмӵӰ
лɱ˴ͷŵһ顣
ڼϵС˲͵ڵˣӺܶ࣬Ҳǲܽ
л屻ͻĳִ˽࣬ûԺᱬѣǽ΢ʱ˸ϵļʱҲҪ촦ˡ
ɱˣ˰ȫ֮Ҳȥˡ
΢ʱſлԵıϲʡ£ֵ˴ϢңЩʳˮֳˡ
΢ʱɳϣ˶ѵϵķȵĿлӢϵĴӡ
˶Χɳǰ΢ʱ
ĶѾˮʪˣҵϣ½˲ˮմʪ彵¡
΢ʱЩ̣֪ǲΪԵʡ
ϵ˿ѾϵĲˣֻʣһķۺɫİ̺ۡ
˭ᷢʵС
֪΢㲻ӵгˣǿͺͱȫͬˡ
Ź˰Сʱ΢ʱƵ۾Ϳ˹еı顣
ư̻Ա߸ļӣôȡ
һ˶ôоûﲻ
΢ʱҡҡͷʵڸоˬģ˯һ֮ǰƣһɨգ廹Щ飬ʱЩͷΡ
Уû£ǵˣ
½ߣһݸţСĹˣõģѾûʲôΣˡ
΢ʱ˵ͷǿ¶һЦɲҹͬ˵
ϾôлԾأŮڵĵطô·أ
ں뿪ǰڼ̶ڣҲ˵
ֻĬĬԶŮڵλãȫܿ˶Է̽Щ˵
ôã΢ʱо̽ոʳĴһָɰ͵˾Ϻܾöỵ
΢ʱ˺װһƬоһҧӲӲĤϣ˺һСˮ˽ȥ
ѵζ򿪿ռسԣǰڵҲûа취顣
ֻζͬ˼ڣǿѶ
л߿Ҫ鷳Ķ࣬һĹǸոھͶ˹֮С
ڵ˲࣬໹ڼӽУԺγٵСʱڣϵͳȫ̱ˣҲҪʱ䡣
֮ǽȫǵɱɱͨĳ໹ЧģǶڹЧ΢ˡ
л嵱޸еľӼңһͿʼҩȫ
εĳ⧲Ժеʧ൱ء
л˻Ժк󳾵ǰףģѳϮݣԺоͻס
лоԴʹЩѵ촽ţļ´˸
칫¥ڵźźܺãлһߴһ߸΢ʱͨҲ֪ˣڵ
л˼Ҫվ㣬ֵ͵ԴѾӼҲҪȻֻһʽֵ˭Ҫܡ
ɳֱɨɱɱ
ڼеˣȻŴЩ޿ײ룬оڼսĶ̫˽⡣
о泳֮ڽĳȷʵ˺ܶࡣ
ӴɱĳӳƬܿ·˺һ㡣
ʵʱ洫Чʮֵϲ˵ġ
˽ζĿţһѲû취ġ
Сҩɱĳҩɱ֮ĹܿԺоͻ»ָ
΢ʱЩĻ棬ֱڸ򣬲֪ǲЩϽʵľֱƽˡ
СڵľҲܸߣ˵СڵľһЩ̻еûô߲Ŷԡ
һЩСľǸ֮ǰ·ϿЩһߵǷ˱졣
ǻԺУ΢ʱʱ۲ֲͲġ
Żһ΢ʱɻʵǿǲЩ֣
΢ʱָһɽӵС˵ԽǿľĵطӾԽࡣ
ЩľҲʢԺ֮ǰֻһû̫ĳС
һҹ֮䣬Ǿ泱ı壬ټЩͬѰĵط΢ʱѲɣԺлһĩ̲ĳС
˴һ𣬱صĿֱĻ棬˿ڻҵҲüͷ׷׽תͷл塣
ûԴУֱ´֪ͨ򰲱Ա͸ˣ֮ڵĳӣǵʱ䲻ˡ



63 
ЩƤ, ģһɴ̱ǵĻѧζ
ڳϣЧͼӰ, ſǽϵļ׿Ⱥ鴤£ӲĻǽϻ, ˤеϣų, 룬Ȼ󲻶ˡ
ֻһƬ, µĳˮ, ͨܣĵػӿ飬ɫĳˮ
ҵÿСʱһ֣ӵάһٽֵҲ˶ѡ
ûм٣һ㶼ûС
⿿ҩûá΢ʱ
ȥ, ò˶þͻ᷺ĳ֣Ժеķһܿ죬˵켸
΢ʱҲյ˰ԱڶѾ, Ҳû취ȥɻˡ
һ֮, лӢЭ£΢ʱˡ
ϢϢٳȥɣԺУû, ҪʼͶˡ
ֱĻУƽֲȷʵԭҪߴܶࡣ
εĳӦøЩһҹ֮θߵֲɱл廹Ҫ䱸һֲܼ
ʱأû̫Ŀռ׼ֶֻһˡ
ԭϢҵлҲ˳ȥֶӣֱӿԲμǰߵ
֮ǽܱߵĹꡣ
лˣл弸Ҳųȥæֻ΢ʱһ˻Ϣҡ
ţʱûгȥ뷨һϵɱԺڴģĳǿõ˿ƣȫߣеľ񶼲뵽ⳡַ֮С
Ȼ˵õĿƣǴҶ㲻Ŵĩʼᣬ˶жڻϰߣһʱ䵹Ҳûʲô⡣
΢ʱϢҶԸһŴѹѹĳȺȻ˵ȫ棬ǻ˶ֻܺüһĶֵأȺûʵԵİ
ֻǿȫ
ôôҵĻأ
΢ʱ棬˵ʵ֮ĳӣͨĳֻǶˣ࣬ΣûС
ôͨ˼棬ǲҲʧΪһð취
ȱľʣʳÿǰҪлڲЩİԱÿÿȥʳ
棬ٸôЭܿҲָյӡ
΢ʱ˼֮󣬾취У̸л巢ȥϢ
ӻڲϵðֻǿһٱࡣ
ѾǼˡ
ٶıҪĽ룬óӲٷġ
лܿͷϢһ϶æŴ飬һҹδ˯ͷöĿŲӿϢ
΢ʱķûпǣĻ̫ˣֻܰ˽йһ
΢ʱһõģƿϢҵţѾ߹ߡ
ȣ촰ĳӸǣԭĵĳȿ߲Ǻܺõӡ
΢ʱĺ棬ܡ
ͦ߿ƼģеİŶǷţѱƻȥȫָ
3¥պţ΢ʱһܴĻңҺܿտлĵĴĻǰϵĸ߲鿴ص˷ָ
ԭӦ칫ңǽ˳ֲַͼ̯ŸͺŵɱƷҩζͺζӣԽ˷
վڴĻǰüͷһ£ûж˵ʲô
һ˵סĽӽӲʣƷϵһţ˿ھСмצĺۣȻǸձץսոջ
л̧ͷá˵ҪҪᣬںطģǸ񲶳桯뷨ҪҪȥ˵˵
Ҫ
ոס˿һۣ촽˶ƺ˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷ
ĻڣվͷˣÿƿȺصľš
䲻һųʮӣˣһӰװ壬дֺͷţľͷл٣ȥ
ʶлָһλ£ϵļУ㿪Ͷ
ֱЧҶˡӵסˣûмҲ˶ѣûм١ÿƽ׳Ⱥܶȣʮֻ컹ʮֻҵ˶Դҩȼϡֻûи㣬ǱҪⶨһ·ˡ
лһ΢ʱʾվ
˵΢ʱе㲻̫ӦӦĳ棬˶Ŀ⼯ϣûа취ӲͷƤϰɡ
=վɤӿڵҵĽǣ벶棬ÿÿ򻮷֣ṩײ湤ߣճ塢ղƣЩɱͣýƣһʡ
ǰ˵һˡ
Ǹʮˣһ˿۾˵˹ûпǹȫӵļ׿ܴ͸ͨףЩƷֻ丯ʴԡûзװ˭𣿡
Ǿͷװ΢ʱ˵סĿ乤ЩʲֿУǵԲ㣬иľתĻᡣ
ʷҪʱ䡣ɷƺǼ䲻޳뷨
ӿɲǡ΢ʱ˰ȣ֮ǰǼӴҩƵʣСʱһָĳСʱһ֣ҩĲܹ֧Ŀǰתֻ֧죬֮Ҫص֮أųӰѳпй⣿οھҪЧ
˵ɫˣ죬û˵
Ķ˹ˣڸûиԴĻᣬһεôôôȥܿԺоͻᱻݻ١
һװĵ˽ӹͷߣ񲶳ƻ漰ȫ˵ȫЩһԴܾģһ˭Σ
λ΢ʱ
һ£ȻûϵôֱӣɤӣǺԶƼĴṩγֵɱ֧֡
֧֣΢ʱṩļǽÿСʱһҩȻĹ˾СʱƷѣ
˵һǺˣʲô̬ȣ
΢ʱ̯̯֣ûʲô̬Ȱʵʵ˵ѣӲͬĺͬҲλ֣ڶԻԺƻе˶ڼ￴Ŵ⣬⣬⣬ΪҪһ֡
΢ʱĿתˣ֪зգִϵѣûиõѡҩֻѹƣļ棬ֻܿˣһ˫ֲʮ˫ҲҪǧ˫֣˫֡жˣж˫֡
ʵҲ취һ˵ˣ˶ĵӱðյĲðյİ취
Ұˡ
лͷ֧뷨ˣҶһǾûʲôԴĻˣж
л˵Ѿȫ΢ʱ˵˳ʵΣգܱȫûҪá
΢ʱ˵ͷļ˵
ǸҵŸ첲һߣûжϣʱʱŤͷʮֵĲȻ
Ļ͵񲶳ƻΪص㱸ѡƣСԣͲֿͬһ£̵ͽˣڽ֮ǰʵɢ
䣬΢ʱļоߡ
Ǹҵߵ죬ƤЬڴʯϣƵģҪѲȽذ
л忿αϣ΢ʱǲ㹫¹Ŀѿһ죬ĿʮֵƣоôָĻ𣿡
΢ʱͦõģӦþͶ빤ˣлˣٽңҲעϢ
΢ʱ뿪ȻҪȥʵ
áл۾оͷЩӿϣȥСǱ߰ɣ໥Ӧһ£ʲôٸ˵
΢ʱŲһ٣̾˿ˡ



64 ˼
΢ʱھ, ȥִҲʧΪһܺõӱܷ
оڵĳȳڰȫһ㣬ϾлһֱЩס
лȥȽϴ͵Ĺ, ΢ʱǹеǹл尲Ŵ, ƾĶۣлʵǸĻ顣
ʵǿ, ҲᱳѶѣ΢ʱ壬˾Բһ̫ʱ䡣
΢ʱѡһѳֵǹ, ϵһ, лԾͻˡ
ȥܺã·ͷһ˿ңǳȥһȦȫûս֮ƣС
΢ʱĵı˱ԼлԵֱۣļʵȫҲûкۼҲ, ˵ȥ˭֮ǰֻһԱ
ȻܵŮ˾ˢӣ΢ʱ֮ǰѩʱлһ¸˦ڣ͸оԽˡ
΢ʱǹ, ˰ѳֵ, лԳȥ
ҪϢһٳŴ֣л˵жû̫Ҫ󣬱Ͼ˲ģܴʹ, ˾ˡ
ڳһ֮ڸ΢ʱϵˣȷƽ֮Ҳ߸ϡ
һлԣһټһӶԱһС˹֣΢ʱлţ˶ûп˵
лԵ߲Ծؿ΢ʱЩڡ
ͷֻܿлԵߡ
һᣬǰƹһȲ裬΢ʱһۣлԵġ
Ŀƽʵоһϵû˰ɡ
΢ʱŸԻãû¡
лԵ˵ͷȿˮɡ
Ӻ˿ڣоðӲȥ
лԹ˽𣬶֮ǰ鹢ڻˮֱһ
΢ʱͷһ۱лĲҶһ
лЩ̽ĿоôѲܣ
΢ʱˮܣһ㣬ǻգˮеˡ
ҲЩɳƣűûô̰
лԵıЩŹ֣ǳµˮ
΢ʱ
˴ϽֺһڣɻẠ̊́ûмʲô
΢ʱڵſͼȸУ˿ٳٶۣ΢ʱҲʶЩԾ
⵽ʲô
ʵĿĶлԡ
лԽӹеıӣ֮ǰǽǵʱȵĲҩ
΢ʱЩ㱣ȷʵôʱ֮󣬲ûʲô쳣ţֻйŻΡ
ѵѾɹˣ
΢ʱһ˲;˼ɹǲǾͿһˡ
ԺиϵͳûĿܡ
ϵͳʾûУɹĻǸ֮ǰһֻҪɱͬҲɹ˶ѣ΢ʱŸоҲʲô£һ˲
ֿ֮ǰǸ⣺ɹ֮ɱŮ𣿡
ϵͳЩȻˣĻпܻģûʲôϵҲⰡ
ûܹ㹻Ļ֣ôóȻжΥ糣顣
΢ʱ˵ðɣһηͷ
Ľֻһ˲䣬΢ʱ˶٣ֽĿͶлԵϣΪʲôҺ
ѵ΢ʱɹĿģ
оԼҲûʲô쳣ɣ
лԣǸڼǡ
ָ΢΢˶ָָ⣬΢ʱƳȥǱһӰ㲻ȵĻпܻᱻץо
΢ʱ⻰Ǽٵģлֻһ̽ĳʲô⣬лҲ˵ˡ
΢ʱ˸оЩ֮⣬ûʲô쳣֮ǰ˿Ϸƺһġ
ӹлеıӣֺ˼ڣѾȫû˸ոȵĸо豭ˮȥȻЩ̣ȫܡ
һûʲô쳣֮ſڵӰɢ͸һ
ڸոյ΢ʱԺ˸ֵĲ룬˵֮ΣȥҲиоģǲ˵͹Դһģ
ҲǿһһģֻûȫɹѣѾٽֵˣ
΢ʱԼܱɹʵû̫ĸоϾôǻ
Ȼ뷨ҲпǴģϾڲûһһˣ֪巢仯֮ôġ
΢ʱ벻ͨ飬ûнİ취֮ǰѡһߣ˵
ԶˣӦȥ㱨ˡ
̽У̶ܴȵı֤˶ǰȫģҲеߡ
΢ʱһ´˾
лԿѲ֪˳ʳݸƺеǸ˼΢ʱץһƬ޸ĳ
ܻؼңҲͳԲöȻлԸˣҲͳˡ
˵ллˢֻ
ʵֽϵͳ壬СƳҲҪˢˣȥ˿
СƳǽɫģ಻ס飬˽ĽɫСƳ
СƳˢ£
ƴ̴50kg*1
ͥװ˹ѩţ500kg*1
Ҭˮװ800kg*1
΢ʱоԼЩɳϣھѾȥˡ
ײͣƴез㣬ǹ㣬㣬ƤƤϺ⣬ǰߣ㣬ĵϺһЩ̫ʶĺʣǴģԱ߲˲Щƴ̵棬Ȼ͵ġ
ʵʵܳԵ⣬Ǻ̵ţҬˮҲķŲ¡
͢ˣҲǿ10kg䶳ţˮˡ
ϵͳֱѩ̿ϵͳ˵һµһĻĺûֱӰϵͳβͶҪ졣
΢ʱ޲ھͻؼҳԸκҲЩɼֻܿЩԳԲ
΢ʱˮֱỤ̆оеƬˡ
лԿȻͣµ֣Щ֣΢ʱֻȦһ½ǡ
ɳߵȦʱ΢ʱͿŽˡ
ˣȻϤס
ǿǰһ˸кǰڵν㣬Ҳһ𣿡
ǵģС£ǴҶӳ
ˣ΢ʱԷһЩ˵ͷһ̽Դһϲںν㣡Ҳ⣿
΢ʱЩ֣ܿͿһЩѩĺʵ¶һë׵Դһʱ仹ЩӦ΢ʱܿͽг˶Է֣ᣬҲԺˡ
֮ǰѩµǸ԰Ա
ʱ˵ѾָӣЩĴǰס΢ʱ֡
ν㣡￴̫ˣʲôʱ򵽵ģ
΢ʱڵ˶Щͷԣôʶ΢ʱ
лԻתһ˫ȿɳͲ輸֮䣬һʱûгȴڼ˵ϣüŽ΢ʱû˵ȴ˼֡
ҲŵãôҲˣ
ûпСݣ΢ʱѯʰʾֻڰԳȥûаѻ˵ףǹһ˽ģѶﰲˡ
붮ҸʱȽϿ޵СǰסҲͽˡ
΢ʱ˿¶һЦݣȴոջЦĽϵı齩סˡ
ɳޱ鿴лԣ̫ˡ
Щ͵ʵν㣬ʶ𣿡
΢ʱͷһɳϳߵлԣ˵һŶǰɡ
᣺
лԣ



65 Ӫ
ѩϢų, ֮ǰѧ΢ʱķʽֿڵĳȡˣ˸׵Ļװá
еСʳﶼڳ, һгСһǰװá
ֻڰԳڳͷŽһװá
ô΢ʱ·, ѩ滬˳
ֻнٶȱ΢ʱлˣ֪֮·, תתƿУŽ˻ԺС
ѩس֮, нٶȾͿ, ΪڰԳǳӦȵ·ʱ򣬻ûý¹ء
ϵģڳֱ֮ǰ
һʼΪͺڰԳǹ ׼ǹɱ׼ǵһ˲, ټ켣ȺУ˿ڰԳಢû˺
˽ϲ׼, ͨԺС
΢ʱһ·ϵľҲЩľս, ƽͺãֶһʶˣоܲ
ܿҲ˵Ը񶼴ֵ, ǳദ
ֻǽлԵʱЩܣҲһֱлԶĽĿʼղҺ㡣
΢ʱ۲һˣոսŵʱĻѲʶ
ɵЩ֮ǰʲôʲô¡
佯ῴѰлԵһ侲ֻɫܳȫûʱĺɫ
ַ֮ΧѲע⵽ø첲ͱͱֱۣզ
ЩεͷûʲôҾǾôеơ
֮ͳſʼ׼⼸˶ҲǣҲǾúΡ
Щͷԣֻһ˴ͷβûô˵л䵭ȻԷúƯҲô
ȥһܹͨоʵģӦҲֻлˣǰ뿪ЦĵգզˣǸ֮ǰҲʶԵְ
ɫ˲ѿǱ˵ˣײһơ
лԱƣ΢΢ת᣺û𣿡
ѩԼĻ˲оЩ䤱ˣʱ˵˲֪Ϊлʲôˣôȫ˵Ľȡ
·ô֮·϶ҪԷˡ
תһ룬ҲĴ˭лԵʱҲû˵ô֪лǲǺˡ
ôλϣסһĿ
ǻΪл˵ûҲĻǲ̫
΢ʱյߣʵô£
лԲ˵ʲô岻ˣһѾתͷյС˵֮ǰǱߣҼûţһΪ׷ɱģҲû˵ȥˣ
΢ʱ
ôɵ
΢ʱöлԣĿԣ޿ɱܡ
л촽˵˾仰΢ʱȴĿ֣졣
ǳ˳飬ûж˵ʲôͽ˶һֻۣýֺٵأεķΧӿ񾭴Ҳоˡ
ҿ˫飬֪е飬о˶ڴգһʱʮֵã
տ콵ʱˣһһ˲վӭӶӳ
żȨ޿ַˣ߰ɣȥѡֵŽ˹ֵʱҲһЩ
΢ʱվߵıҪ죬ֻ·ЩãȻĿǣɳϵлԡ
кˣ߰ɣҲҪ
űߣ°ͳ
߻һҪˢң΢ʱ߽ͻǹǹһЩвֵģװĿȫǵĶԱ߼䳨ţĵϻɱЩҪˡ
ûż֣۲һᣬһѳǹһСǹ
Ƚʺ
һԵĽ᷸ѣ΢ʱʵ𣿡
ҡҡͷûУһûôܹѵء
΢ʱһӦòԸ̫ģĳ泱ʺϵġ
˵ţһѳݸᡣ
ӹ˵ͷõģСݷӦþͻá
ӻĳο²ܴţҩܻһ˺
һתЩĿ
̯̯֣ݸһѶ̵͡
΢ʱļ򣺡ûϵҺˣһᱣġ
˵εӦòرѣлڣ仰û˵ڡ
лûпˣֱߵǽߣһѾȷֲǹϸϸؼһ׼ֺȣǲѡ
ģ˿ǽԥһ£һѡ
ֽɱܴ󣬿ǹҪɣҲ˶ѡ
ЩȷĿȷҪ𣿡
ǵǹеѵɼһ㣬ʺܺãҲȣǶòһЩ
ǵ˵ͷȷҲ̫׼ô顣
Ҳеû˵ʲô
սģͷͨѶͼȰվſڣһһؼ飬ȷװȷŷС
档˵ĿصǶĴң˰˸ˣֲǱ߱ȽϽһǶǵҪǾˣ˳ģס𣿡
˵꣬΢ʱǰͷͶųǱߵĵϢҪȵƬ
ǱߵĻĸЩƣֻǱߵȺҪתƣһ˵ûôķ
ĵƲƽ跢չҲߣѱ֮ӪתѶȳɱ
ûתƳҲ֮У⼸ǲźϵϵģлһʱСǰȥˡ
΢ʱںţﱧǹŴĽ־ˡ
Щ糿ոռľɫڶһɵɫ֪·޳ɹˣ·ߵȫϢ滹ڲţ϶ģźŲõľɵӡ
ĸһӡ
żгŵļ·߹СһٶȺܿ죬˾ûм٣ֱȥ΢΢һ𣬵´һ죬֣΢ʱ֮ǰ룬ֳ᲻Ҳһֱ
쵽ĿˡʻϵԱͷ˵㳧ĽṹͼѾǵնˣźţ߸¥ǵһ¥дźţעⰲȫ
΢ʱͷһնϵͼһ¥룬һž޴ĺɫߣռ˴ͥΧһЩСߣģΧĸ̡
һǿˣЩĵĳָǰ΢ʱоͷһ󷭹ʮֵ¡



66 װʲôװ
֮ǰЩӵʱ򶼲ôǿҵĲʸ, ֪ô¡
΢ʱ죬˼οˮŰֶĲʵĸо̻ȥ
ǰûз, ΢ʱͷ˿ԼѾȫϺõֱۣ˼ǲԼʹù, Żһϵеĸ淴Ӧ
ͻĶĸоʣµҲûʲôˡ
˶Ĵ㳧, λڱȽƽ̹ĿشΧûʲộ֮ǰһоࡣ
ֻİʩû֮ǰоô, Ѿƿ, ĳ۷һƺﵱϳ
ſڣһƬӣڿ裬Ǻܿ
ˣ߰ɡ
÷, ֻ¶һ˫۾еͷȫϢĻṩ
ӽ͵֮ͣ棬ǳ
û˵ӲҪǰ˾ȳһлǱԼİȫΪǰ, پˡ
εװȫ, ΢ʱ˵ƣÿһŶгӻɼӵ̶ܼȡ
ǲ̫ϰǹ˴, ȽϷп
ƺǱƻģѾڵˣҲ˼ӡӡ
Щ֮ǰ̻빥֮µĺۼ΢ʱһ¿ϻʲôӡ
΢ʱĺ棬ڶ˴㳧档
沼棬ڲɱһƬǺɫС㣬ӦþЩˡ
㳧¶ȱ滹ҪһЩͬ˵磬ͷǲõ⡣
ЩСӶǹʲô˺ֻҪСĵıܿС
΢ʱһ·ߣ߲ͨˣֻܴԱߵİȫ¥ϡ
ƿ¥ţĳӻһЩֻϿȥһӫ㣬¥ϣһİĵƴ
΢ʱһۣ˲оƤˣںڰܹĳӣĿǰ뵽ľֻө档
ЩΪʲôۼأ
ںҹĳӣеôãǵ첿һĿע뵽ţ߱ڣʹֽ֮Һע䵽Щţڣڻֽ⣬ձɿɿڵʳ
ܵ˵һʳĳӣֳӳֲûʲôǷǳʱڣﲻò˶롣
Ҳ˽ŲĲ¥ϣֻǳɳɳһƬ
΢ʱ¥ϣֻƵĽŲһ㣬ȻоŵһĴС
ͷһ澹ȻҺ壬ɫģ˿ذɫ
ΧһƬө棬ſЩҺʳš
лһѪζЩҺʲôԶ׼ġ
ûȼ˿ۣͿ¥ĹطŰѾܽ˵ʬ塣
ĸѾƿһ󶴣ƤܽˣǿյģֻʣºɫǻͷҲܽĿȫǣѾԭòˣϡֱֻܷһԣĺܲҡ
ʬľβŵөˣЩөϵĹɫſǽϵҪһЩƺѪ֮󣬼䡣
΢ʱ֮ǰſʬѪĲҲǶѪҺ⣬ӦزٵӪؼ
߽Ҳûө湥ǣʬʵĺܣЩӦѾˣ޷ڹעǡ
죬⡭
ǿ߰ɣҪ˶¥ûʱ俴ˡ
֪ڻжٸ˻ţǽʱûп͵ĹȫϢĻʾЩѾԶˡ
ûмӰĻϣһ¥ө궯ʧˣϷţǽǱ
ֲָĺڰУֻʣϵĹ⻹ǰ·
ǽһƬССĴŶţļ̨ǹ߼϶ͣ˳ӡ
һĻδɺԵѪƺովһ΢ʱͷϵĵƻ˻ΣյϵѪһֱһſڡ
źûбƻſһˣ沼˳ӡ
ϵѪţȻã֮ǰǾʬ廹Ҫʡ
ϼһ϶ûУ̵ֻոյѪҲġ
ֻϣƣŵģȴˡ
Ļʣµļ˾ˡ
˴յǰ۲һܣÿʲôڸţ洫һҵ
ѵǵͱȱ˸߹ƾʲôǻҪñ˵ȥ˳ȫԼ
洫һЦЩװʲôװ㣬ո˲ƳȥװʲôòȻŪ˵ʱҲԼҲнɡ
˵ôϻƳȥˣԮôҶҪˡ
ͻᷢɧְ
䣬ſˣһ˲ҽһ˫ֺݺݵ˳



67 Ӧõ
˫ֵܴ, Ƶĺ޻֮˾ô˳ʬ, ĳӶķ
Ǻܿ죬ЩŵѪζ, ȺһƵģ̽, ɷ˵Ŀʼʳ
˵Ĳҽ𣬼Ұ׵ĵƹֵϣŷ, ̵Ƴ΢ʱǳȾңȾңǾԮӵ𣡾Ⱦң
˲ɫıܿ, űΧ£ĳӸˣеСֻǴʹûر˿ڣľȷʵۿɼٶήȥɼӴ
Ƕ˸ո˵, ЩһΪʲôҪƳıǻ
ҲУ΢ʱǺ, Ҿ޷ʩ, Ѿûˡ
˵Ϻܿ˳ӣһ˫Թ۾ĶżˣͣĴϵĳӣǳԽԽ, Ե޼¡
һң
ŭû˴ֻгӲϵķɽ档
һѪζ֪ԼģԼѪĳӵġ
ĮĿҲûҪ˼
΢ʱ²⣬˲̫ҪһԱװһͲʲôҪ
𽥸ɱ廹вֻͨȽյţţԮԱˣǿţ
沢ûжһЦ洫˳ݵĻͦģװˣúøŲء
ζʮ㣬ȫûаһ¡
ֱ죬˺ѷεĲҽȴ֪ôľ
ָоҲûãһˣҪ΢ʱϵķ˸֮ſڵһˡ
Χĳķ˹ϵĿʳѪ⣬ܿ죬ֶһɽ
ǵķͿ㣬Ӷſһʱ䣬Ҳṥˣ˵ǱȽϰȫġ
ֻͿģʱһҲУεʱȣܳʱĶ⡣
һûнȥʵ̫ˣ˼ֱǶԼĵĥ
бҪ
Ϊжĸ߲㣿
ֲöһ棬Ҫչѡ
л廹ǱΪ˵Ļ֪Ϊڵİġ
ջ̾˿ƿϵʬ壬ǰš
ŵûʲôȻһϡϡĽŲ
ʵһԮӵġ
ԭķ˲˷ܵУˣԵһ£Ǹǿţ
Ҫҩó׼Ҫŵʱ򣬳ſһٿ磬Ա룬֮£ﲢûнʲôӡ
һȴңƵúܺãûбĳϮڻͨڣĿͨûеƣĨڵģֻǴֵͲ
һֻˣ֮ǰ֪ԶЩǱҲдСС˿ڣǾ״̬ʮֵĲӦòǺܼѡ
ˣлֵµĶ𣿡
Ϊ׵˴һ޿۾ʮֵ˹ģʱ򻹲Ǿӣֲϣڳһ̬
˵ͷǵģκ𣿡
üȻĳƺǺ⣬ǵ˵ͷǵģҾκ࣬ôߣӦĳ𣿡
ó׷ɱˮˣһɱٴϷӰĳ档
κ˿Ҳһˣһۣ͵ɱ
ôֻôˣǽӵ鱨7ˣ֪𣿡΢ʱʵø⼸˺ɫרһЩĻ˵
һۣûֹ
κɫÿЩıͷŶǰ֮ǰʱгȺΧǣǷɢˣ֪ûжķ棬ǻȰǴȥɣٻҲ١
ЩѾˣκȴûһ˿Ϊ˼Ȼǻңⲻȫǽǵ֮
ǿлϣѾʼˣ΢ʱֶжˡ
лں泶˳ֱۣʾҪ嶯
΢ʱκ࿴ڰмֻоԼǱһ߶һ㣬ëȻĸо
Ҫǳȥ΢ʱ˻ɱҺ
ɱҺڱҧ˿ϣ˶оһʹ˶̲סߺ߳΢ʱļӴˮܶȣһˮδδ
Ҳܲס۵ҽУ¶һЦݣŸоһ㡣
ҲЦˣŶҪ˿ͿʹһʹŻһЩ
κʵܲˣĺ˿ˣ˺ˣгӣǳȥ˵һֻСûϵȰѷϰɣʵܲˡ
ֹֻͣ˹ȥæңǱǿϣ۵죬ͣĳ
΢ʱЦ˼֮ô⼸º֡
ʰ֮սȭͷȥΪȷ濪ӣſڵʬһѾˣ֮ǰ
ɢ˼ܵĹͷǧٿ׵Ƥ̱ڵϣͷҲصĲ˹ȥ
Ǵԭ·أ߸ոөڵ¥ݣǱߵĳȻҲ٣˵Ƚϰȫ
΢ʱڼ˵󣬼ʶϿȻµƿĿ⣬ǰߣ֪ոЩ˵ȷѣǾǹġ
뼸΢ԶһЩʱǵһһ
¥ںģөĵƻʲôãֻγһİĵƴֵͲһգЩӾɢ𣬻ǵĹ⣬ڵȳĵǿһ㡣
Ѱ죬ĳһʤգֻʮֵĹ졣
κսսм䣬ȻǼеҪ뿪طҲߵǰȥ
һһէĲ¥ϣʱʱľͷһЩСĸͲոհƳȥӡ
΢ʱĬĬ˸ֱۣȥ
ûеǰͣߵ¥¥ݵм䣬ȻյʮֵĴš
˶ˣ˵ֵͲ⼸ͬʱ˹ȥһֻ˶Ĵֱֱ̻վ¥ݵм䣬һ˫ɫ۾ֱĶǣĳ򼸺ռ¥ݺ棬вʮ㡣
ոѾ֮ͬˣ˿̶ʱһܲ˵ĳ忪ļˣ¥ϳ塣
΢ʱһͿ̻뱻ĺ㣬ֱֱĳ˳ȥȫûǰһˡ
Ǵģŵƨһ¥ϳ壬þƽٶȡ
Ƿ裬뻹׷ô͡
һܣԽ׷Խף
˸ͲȰ˵һ߼Уһһǰ塣
ĳӣӰȫ˳ͬһѶϣʮ׳ۡ



68 ðл
ץŰ濴Ϸ񱼵ˡ
²۵˰ɣ
΢ʱ֪, ˣǻҪԮ𣿡
˵ʵԼ, ޿ɾҩʽϻҪӹ̵, ȥȥմ֡
жǾԲ˵Ǹ, ĳĬѾ̬ȡ
˸ϣгȺ׷Ѷϣӹ߶ûʲôͣ
΢ʱΪʲôʱ, Ϳ漸˱յķ֪ʲôʱ򱻻ˡ
Ƶ, κ໹Ǻúõģ棬һʼľʧ룬ߵԽԽ
ǰЩ΢ʱһܲҪʲô
ɱڣϾҲʣ赶ɱиˡ
˺ܿҲ˲Ծ, ǸоһʹһַıȻһ
ʱתͷκ࣬ŭ, ƿڴκ
һ, ĳȫǵӿܿͽ˵˸ʵ̻Ҳ˵󣬻, ˲ͷأѪκһ
һͷ­ɣ䵽Ļʶֽס˫޻ʵ۾
һ£ոջĲ˲һ٣׿ͷ­һܣֱֱĳ忪΢ʱˣĿ־ǰ֪ߵġ
΢ʱײĺԺһ˲һͷҪҪֽţҲôһᣬûᶯˡ
κѾ嵽棬˺ܿ͵ȥеĳӾǿζʢ磬ӵȫ
ûˣ΢ʱ˸Ͻ¸ϣκ˿Ѿߵſڣĳ˿
˳ڻκ˳Ǿɱ˳档
κ೤һŽͷϵķ⿪͸һ㶼ûиո֮ͬ󣬸еı˻ǿ־ı飬һĵȻȻװװҲû˵ˡ
΢ʱоܲˬԽǻˣƺԽãҪȣǸ˾Ȼǻõġ
һƣȥʡԼ֡
̲֮лĵ绰ʾѾȵˡ
ʱԭ߰˸˴ȥֻʣһˡ
ʵңΪȥǻڵӡ
΢ʱ棬˵ʲô⣬ΪʲôһҪ˰
⻹Ƕ飬һʲôϵأ
ӺܿͿлĹ˽κ໤ͽȥ֮󣬾㳹ʱԽɢˡ
лһۣκкл岢ûдԷκɫ˲ѿ
κ㰲˷䣬ȥɡ
лһָԱߵķ䣬κһûٶ˵ʲôֱ˽ȥ
˲ûнɢŸκ࣬վС
᣺˵Ǳˡ
ǣǣǶģ˸оʺôؼʱֻѡ
΢ʱ˵ĻʾͬոҲκС
ûдЩŪЩΣΪ֮ǰоɲ̫á
΢ʱûпӳһۣʵȫѶԷ֮Ժˣôʱĥŵ˾ֻԼٰϣڱϵʱ޵С
лվڼ˵ĲԶĿ
κƺЩϵˮһ£ɳϣƺۼˡ
ոջʱ״̬ˡ
֪㲻ֽϻװǻƵĲǰʾʵѾŲסˡ
΢ʱл廹ߵߣ֪ǲΪԭܾл岢ûλߵļӣʮֵƽ׽ˣ鷳ϲ򽻵ҲöԷк˵
Ⱥĳ˵һֱ̲ס
΢ʱյлǰл彫ߴκת˹һüʵôˣʲô𣿡
΢ʱ˵ͷشлһ㣬֪㷽ش𣿡
л壺ؽҴҽһּɡ
Ÿ첲ָ˵㣬ʾ˵ȥ΢ʱֱ˵ʵΪʲôҪŪ
㱨ж飬κಢʲôˡ
лɫŹֵĿҶӳûǣҪҲУһǵİȫΪǰ𣿡
΢ʱеģһ֪ԭ򡣡
ȷʵло֣˵ҪûôҪ
֪ʲôʱʼոջлص̸Ѿʧˣ˿һƬ͵лĻش
л忴棺ǵ֮ǰǶ˵ʶҵŮ𣿡
΢ʱһ£ȷʵôһ£˺֣л嵱еģȨ͵ʴףơ
΢ʱһӷӦ˹κࣺѵ˵Ǹˣ
лЦЦǲǽȥʾ֪ˡ
˵ž˽ȥ



69 ô
ļ˿ȥ, ûйŵ˼Ҳ˽ȥ
վɳ棬ܿͽİ, ǶĹӦˡ
΢ʱоͦЦģ˵ʱ˵ڲ, ˵һ¾ˣĵʱ
˱ĵĿŽļ, Щ˵ûʲôԾҲһ㶼
лллȻ˵, Ǿͽ, 鷳ˡ
˵žҪ뿪κƣվ˷ϵ۾л˵ͷ׼뿪
лϹЦݣ˵һ£һҪŪ
κ, ӱصĺ߳һȻǺܲǰлӣҲƴǡ
ʲô飿
лҲĨ, ֱ˵֮ǰǲðڳ˯Ů, Ȼ߶Է¾ҡ
һκı˲ͱýӲˣȻ˵ܿͿסϵı, һ˲ʵӦƭˡ
Ȼ֮ǰġ
ֻжļãȻлĻЩ֪ơ
κ߳ŭӣ˵ʲôл֪󣬿Ҳ˳Ѿܾˣ㲻Ӧңҿû顣
лЦЦ˽㵱ʰ
˵գл̧֣ϵֻ˵ǽ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲһݿµŮŶ룬ŵˣԭ׳ǣҲ⼸ˣЩǲǺܺù
Ůڷ￴һȦߺܿκϣǳģǰݺݵľסκ죺˵㲻˵һĶƭң
κ̽Ů˻ץ£Ҳˣȫûиոմݵģ
ſңǶſң
ŮƴҲ޼£ǰҪæģ˫ȭѵ֣ܿҲ˰סá
лЦЦĿɫκࣺôκû˵˰ɣ
κǰЪ˹Ůˣû뵽ҵٽƱ磬Ҳ޼ˡ
ʵҪǴϣҲԣǰѾƻˣѱЩ˲롣
ȻЩϵɫܹŹ֣Ҳ̧ͷֻһζĳĬŵϵˡ
κɴƹˤһһν̬ȣΣлܰô㲻һëѾͷΪ㵱һĶ֣ܸҽаˣϼǿ㣬ְҽһ鷳ôŮ˴˾ˡ
΢ʱŶҪˣǲвô쵼ˣ
ȥˣȥҪˣлסˣֻܷ߷߲ƽ
Լ
κûж˸ӵķˣӸչ¶ţ˵Ļӹ֣ˣˣܳΪҵĸӹҲңЩ˶Ӧá
Ļû˵꣬΢ʱһ죬κĶͷ˲һףŸո˵ƣǾ㵡
лֱվţֲ嶵һǹɾĽκ࣬ûһϻ
˶Ƭ̣㶵ĿѾκ࣬󽦿һѪոջָлĴ࣬ôŲˡ
ϵŮֹͣ˼УĿɳˣв֪ʲôʱѾˮؿˣȴЦݡ
˴룬ſϵˣ嵽лǰл壬ˣ
л΢΢תϹЦǹǰһ˵Դϡ
ȥڿԴˣһϵеԴǵʱʹ˽ɢܣԺУӽ˵㡣
˿ǹڣŭԣлһֻЦ滢˵һĴڡ
κ벻Ϊʲôǵ
ƽһǳʶȤ˳ȥµϵˡ
ķӳ˽м̧ŵܣɳϵ˷ŵ̧˳ȥ๤ɨһжϡƽ
΢ʱлޣ̫ˣͲ飬ȻĻֻ䱾һξеڶΣ֮ǰôˣ๼
˵Ӧãֻн죬ЩǵһμɱˣһЩӦһûסܳȥˡ
ǵǵĸ˳ȥܹÿԱģ΢ʱҲȥǱлסˡ
һ£Ҫ˵
ǹȥ΢ʱϽǷ˸Ϣչһ½ᣬȥ
ǰƻȥеģ⼸̫ൢˣǱߵҽеҪ׼ˣȥһҪȥģѶȫĴ
л彫ͼͶڵĻϣ˼صȦ
΢ʱΪгǿİԱһҪμģǽϵĵͼڻԺйþˣ治ȥֿƵһͲپˡ
վ֤񡣡
л彫Ŀתʣµˣ𣿡
΢ʱлͬ˵û⡣
΢ʱܾʮֵĲоҪлԣѶȾͿܻᷭ
Ҳûа취ˣͬһУͬһӣԺĽֻԽԽࡣ
޷нӴǾֻܿٵԼʵ̫Ǳ
΢ʱĵĬĬԼʹл˵ãǣҲҪİȫõ飬Զվǵ󡣡
˵ʵлôһ˾оͦģǸǳмʶŮˣҲӲˮһлҵԸǺ񣬶һģ̳ġ
ֻлԻӷϵһ㣬Ҳɳ÷ɿ죬ƾ˵ʵлҺܿܽԺнץˡ
ȻҲֻ΢ʱ˵뷨δһ̫ĲȷԣеĶδ֪һһǵȷѡ
뺰֤񡣡
лЦЦ˳ȥ
ĳʱܿͽƻ鷢˵ͨѶֻϣγȥĸ⣬Ķʮˣϴ£Щ˵ʵҲˡ
΢ʱ죬˴֣ÿ⣬Ҳû顣
ϵſըˣԺе쵼˳׶лڳڵĹͼߣ˿ɱκ࣬Ҳû˳˵ʲô
ĩ֮ڶϲ쵼ΪУκ֮ǰͶ糱л֮󣬼ֱǴģһȵл׷ߡ
Ƕлӵ˵ﵽ˼£֮ڣ˳֣Ժеĸ߲ҲǴѪ΢ʱܾлΪ֮ӽµʱЩò˵ĺ
Ȼϵһֻ˭쵼ˣж
ڹٷĺ£ÿ˶뵽
Щ͵ӣͽɹٷʣµСڲ׽ߵ£ڼ䣬˽ѹըˣررζϴؿ֮󣬸ȫ׽Ŀ񳱡
΢ʱһʼΪǹٷֶΣȥ˵ҳ˴ǰǸԲģԵĶ棬ҲԷԵģ׬
ѧų֮󣬷ζȷʵһЩܾûгԹľɶĲˣڵĲ٣˵ͦõġ
΢ʱòͶǻۣȻİ취
죬ɵҪӣĴ󿨳Ѿ׼ˣеĶԱȷһʮˣͷȥͬĵͬʱҽԺҽ豸һػ
΢ʱڳϣգгˡ



70 еһҽԺ
ʵ֤, ôȵ£ɲʲôͷ
һԺУ淭ӿóһˮ, ǾװģǳĿ, ΢ʱǾ˷ǳ֮¡
ȵĿ·Ϸ·һȥ, ˾ͻ졣
ҵǳڵĻãص·ҲǳҲǵȰʱʽӻԺгġ
ϵ¶ȱȰֱ̫ҪһЩ, ΢ʱڳϱĿ, ΧߴߴγС
һ󲿷ģĿ죬Ͳ䣬ȻֻڻԺܱ߳ڵİԱͲһˣĸ»ԾԾԡ
ôҿҲͦģо֮ǰȥĵطɣһ, Щôܻ
֪˵
ʮǷ̯̯֣ĿתһһԲ΢ʱ
, 㲻Ǵоô
΢ʱ, һ˫ӣŮɫľͷðĵʮġ
ͷƺȾģüëϻմŵȾĺۼ
΢ʱԶһЩ, ûҪش˼ŮԱߵЩ⣬̽ӣˣô˵á
ϵģ
΢ʱΪ˵һֵݣСͰ棬ǰЩʱţ΢ʱͬһš
Ҳ˲̫죬ڸ򶼱ˣ˭ã΢ʱʲô飿
ϵôˣڿǻ˵ġ
ûʲôӦŮ˻Ҫ˵ӣţ΢ʱܺദӣӦûû뵽ȫϰ
Ҳ٣Ϊ˻شȻȰǶ˵֮ǰֻܱ߻Ͳ֪¯һڿųоǲһȴ˳ʵˡ
⻰˵ĲȷʵģŮɫǺܺÿߴߴ
󲿷ûиܹȿǲŵģ΢ʱҲһҲᱣŰŰɵ̬ȡ
ԽԶԺУ·ϾĵϽûʲô˵ˣЩ˸оЩγɫѿ
΢ʱһЩ⣬ǵλŶӳ˷ţǰ㣬˫Ȱǰˣлڶ棬û˵ֻǽǰԼŲŲ
ʻڹ·ϣż·Աߵɽ壬Լ·ϰ׹ǡ
˶ѵ·ϣ
ʵõ֤澿˶ˣһ·ϵĲҿ㹻ˡ
˻ԺУ·ϵĳҲԭͰľȴ쳣ĸߴżʻ֮ǰǹһ֦ǶԳӺûʲôӦûŵϢ
˽Сʱ΢ʱоᱳʹģڵ˱УҹҲûʲôˣܱߵĳֻҪԺиϡ
Ҳ⣬϶߹ˣĻֱǱɫֲΧˣЩ¥֤ڵĺۼطֱһԭʼɭ֡
ڳй㳡Ŀյͣ£׼
ŵͼȷλãҪȥǱеһҽԺԺͱĳӷֵ𣬱еһҽԺԺǳʼפͣ㻹нʮ·̡
ٽ涨õĶ˵֮ٵϡ
ʱңʵеĻСʱͰˣֻ˹ˡ
ӻʻפͣ㣬΢ʱоһ쳵ЩƣûʲôΣգ컹Ǻģֲָеĵ·ǰԽѣʱҪײ·ϵĳһ·ƹƹҵûͣ
̶̵һ·Сʱڵ˱еһҽԺ
ҽԺµˮйͨһɳζѾˣ΢ʱƬҵľ۵ס
ЩҽԺ֮󣬿Ҳû뵽ήٵ֮졣
Ѿܼ򵥵óײˣ汻ֻ³ȥ
СȽҽԺһ̽źԱ·
΢ʱվãˣһʪϣһˣֻһͷߣⱻ̫ɹˡ
죬ٴֻӿٶȣͲ𵽷Ч
װڵĿյˣ˽ڳһӦḶ́һӳȥȵ̫ݣܿ˾͸о¶Ѹٵߣ䤱
ʱꡱһˣͷ˹Юһɳζ˽м˲վȣѬĶᡣ
ȷˮÿ˶ڶʱһƬ
ĺߣ
ֻܸĽŲ鲻Ը˳¶ȸӵȣ΢ʱһʼЩӦ⣬ڸоʮֵá
Ըո˵Сһ³Ϳ²ֹȫû˸ո׳־Ƶӡ
ʵˡ
İԱûðһ⼸ϳһҽԺ



71 Ȼ
ԺһҶ, ȱʧ˹Ļ£Ľֵ˶öġ
΢ʱоģ֪澿ʲô
ǸõҶƬĲк
˻϶еİԱ, ԺⷽѾȼ֮ˡ
ԺԭеİСӣĻ, ԡȫһһʼûоµĴݲ, ôҲӦ¡
ЩȻһʼʱһЩӦͺˣ΢ʱҲһ, ֮͸о˶û֮ǰô, òԼǿӦ
΢ʱһ½ǣǰҽԺȥ
ڶ˹ͷӣǸ֮ʬ帯÷ֽ֮źһʼѬ죬ͨһ֮Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
΢ʱӦǿڱ˻ڸŻʱ, Ѿ߽棬ɫѾõĹߺܺãԽ, ߾Խ
ĵӦѾȫж, õԴҲǣӦƶˡ
Сӵ״̬һС˾ͺ˷ֿ¥ȥ
ҽԺܴÿ¥֮䶼Ӧҽ豸, Ҫȷ豸ڵλãȻΧİȫŰ˹˾С
ܼ򵥣ǰûʲôֵĶ
ǲܵģ΢ʱһ۸ԵлԣڵĻʲôħֶġ
Ȼ¥΢ʱϵͳȻ𣺡ͨ
΢ʱ
΢ʱʲô˵ңֲҽвҽ
ϵͳԴûʾֻǲ˳֮ʧˡ
ȥ٣΢ʱҲǾе
תͷ⣬滹δʵʵĶſڣмĻ̳һ٣ЩһЦ
ǰļոٵʱ򣬱ǰδеĸ£ÿ춼ҽԺڽͨ󲿷ֵѡﳵǴǰҲһԱ
´СͺΪĸŮ˿ľ̯Сľ꺬ؽڰ˴ѧ
ǸТ˳ˣѧҵ֮еʱ϶ְ׬Լѧѡ
շپͻؼҿʼɻ·̯ⲻʱֻϴҲԸ
µԸܾǿľ̯ƤʱҪȥ̲򹤣ߵص˯߲㣬ÿ춼ûجج
ԱȥԷֽӷϣĬ½Ĵˣæһһֱĵӣȵ곤ߵʱŷָûʱѾˣͬ½ȫ˦ٹ
곤ûͣĽˡ
´ͷɥĻؼңȴƽ᲻ÿյ裬Ȼڳˡ
ľżֽǣŮûиŮҲһ¡
רϸϣĥˣ²˫ȴҡҡ׹ļҴ֧顣
Ͻ͵ҽԺҽϣľˣ׼ȷ˵ڴ»Ͷɸ䲡
ḷ̌˾Ǳһˡ
ƾôŬôҲ޼ˡ
ľͣ46һ꣬Ϊһ΢ǮԶ뿪¡
ӲҲ̶̼Сʱ±һֱڲ⡣
ҽԺѾ˳ɵ״̬˶ԼҪæϾ˼ˡ
˷ƺҪɣһƬհףҽԺٻһЩص˳ⷿҲ᲻ôյԼûʲôǮһһĹأ߰Ļ𻯷Ѷ
ľˣ뿪ĺͻȻ¸оԼĻ궼ûˣһֱľ֧뿪ӴԺϾǹµһˡ
ֱϤӰӳģô˵һˣ
ⲻ𣬶Բ磬´һע⡣
Сӣ´Σ㿴û˸㶥ѾͷĻģΪɵϵıŪˣͱ¨ӣҾͲˡ
ǣѽҲǹˣѾͷǸ˼𣬱磬𣬻᲻̫ˣ
ĵԽ˵ԽСȴ־䶼˽ȥ
ʶ̧ͷ˾ȻԼߣİԱ˵ţ˲ûзԼ
곤ѹȻˣõ7죬ҸԸһݣŵˣȻһǮøˣʱĹʣʹ㿨ˣǧ˵ȥ
֪ˣ绹ãҵױ硣
ٺ٣ǣܱأ
¾һжܻһִĶ⡣
ѧУʱҲһû˽һ£Щ裬ÿʱÿ̶ڰûѣ˳۵˾ϵեĿռ䡣
˵ĶԻѾ˱ĵطԺȴصŸոյ곤˵Ǿ䲻Ǯ
֪Լ⣬ȴǽֵԼϣµӿһĲʡ
ΪʲôҪô
ΪʲôеĶ˶ϣ
ΪʲôܷĸҲʧˣ
ҲûˣʹҪһӡ
Ϊϴѧ֮󣬺ܿܽˣƫƫ֮ͣǰеһУδõĳ룬Ϻӵĳ룬ˡ
ŶӵȺڻƶ˿̵곤͵Աߵߡ
ˣҽԺôҲôȣ֮ǸϽȥɣ˵ϵ˿ǲѾֹסѪˣ
ļԱϰһ鲼ѾѪȾˣʵʱСеˡ
ŶŶأǰһ°ɣоʹ
곤Ȼס˽Ų·һ˫۾ضסоЩëȻһۣǰ챻Լ˵ԱһŮڵϣ궼ŷˡ
ԱعҲһ漴ָֻ
ЩͷЩ˵ô
ǰĵ·ľĽŵסûкһѡƿһš
;ЩԣŮ˵ϥǶûһ£Ӳġ
ɺ˫ۣƺʲô뵽ոյĻҲѾˣϾӵ޼ɵ
вȥΰҲ˿ģǲûǮţͬһ20ǮȥҺš
˵һͰ͵ֽҾ˦µϣűǮҪ
ĶԺֻʣһ뷨
곤ûֹΪǰǿ׼ƶŮѧҲĶڹֻĸţ㱻ˣҲ˵
˼Ͷĵմմϲ󣬸Ͳмں½ʲô
˵ˣԼʲô飿
ΧҲһĮ߿ûй۲쵽ߵС
»վе迿ϣľ˯ˣֻɢһ˿ŵζҽԺĻ֮£Ҳû˾ʲôֵġ
Ա֣磬߶ֹҺſˣȥĻø졣
ԱɵĿǰ߳Ķȷʵ֪ҪŶãǵΪֹҲǰһľ롣
ȥڵ⿿һȫ֧Ų
ȥæģµĻŽɣͷѯ곤
곤˰°ͣ£ȥ˲ٻء
Ա˵ͷߣԼո˵ж֣ҲûҪµǸ˼
Щڣһ·ϸɴͲ˵ˡ
Ⱥ֮УߵĲܹܺõĸϡ
·װģİ˰ȴʱʵָָ̫ԱߺͨǱȥ¥ϰɣһ㡣
Աһɫͨ˽ȥ
صƣոսȥʱһĵţ涼ޱߵĺڰﲻЩë
תͷҪ¸ϣ͸оӱסˡ
ϸϸǶƤ棬ĸӲߣ˿̱˱˱ϣϢһ˲佫Ƕߣ
˱ס˲ûз֮ģֻܷһ˫ֲϵӣ˫Ҳںҵţͼȥ
޼£ֻһܿʧȥ˶ӣŽ
·Ѿպ˵֣˫Ѫ˿۾˿ںڰĹ⣬ŵ˵ԱϵѪζǸո֮˿ٴѿ֮󣬽·ҲȾʪˡ
ϵݺݵҧһϵ⣬ëѪζ¾ˬ켫ˣȫʲôԡ
ˣʧȥһ죬ҲŷһͷβĹ
ϲƣȥ
иոĮˣ˿̶˵ų߶㿪
ÿ˶Ƕһ־̲ҩ
һ嵽˵곤ǰڻһûв֮ǰ곤һֱãУ֪ʲô¡
էһ⸱˲˹ӣ˲Ҳ˵ˣǺ˼ǰȥ
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΢ʱܲϲĸоƿú©ÿһ䡣
ܾúڰƺһ˫۾ض΢ʱͷʱȴַûС
ƽлԿĸоܲһΣԤУټϸոϵͳܾߵĹؼ
2¥ĿңĵذѾɺ˵Ѫ߽˵ذ档
Сڵ˶ʮֵľ񣬲ϵĹ۲ܣʲô֡
ĶҲɢңǾһսûʰ
ںʱͺʧȥϵ˵ĳʩܷ˿Ҳ˵ȽܼӦŶԡ
ӱУҲû̽ʲôõϢֻ˵һжҽԺЩ˸Ͳ֪
Ҳп֪ˣҲûеһ£Ͼô֮ǰ飬˭ǵأûʲôõϢǾֻԼˡ
ǰ棬Ƶʬ岻٣Сһ㣬ѾǼķΧˣ豸Ӧþһ¥ϣϸһҡ
Ӧ򿪷䣬һһĲ鿴ȣﲢǺܰ͸Ĺ⣬Խ
ģ浹Ųʬ塣
ڻŲΣ֮Сڵļ˷ֿжӿ˲鿴ٶȡ
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΢ʱֻӲͷƤлһһ߲鿴䣬ﻹĥŸոϵͳŵ
Ŀʲô˵ӣ΢ʱŹÿһ䣬߽ϸĲ鿴
ٴγʱ򣬺ȻȵԱ߿һŮˡ
Ұ׵ͷݵ΢ʱע⡣
һŮˣͺܴ󣬵ֹȲ֮ԳƣС
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ʲôҪӶˡ
۾һϣٴ˲䣬ΧʽֵӶҪըˡ
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ǽ꣬ȣҶûʲôθڣθĶҲ͸ӳˡ
Խã˾ͻԽ࣬ҹѾֹһƤ̯ˣ½½İڳƤ档
ȵٹ죬ڵĺҲܵӰ죬⼸׬㹻Ǯ֮ǰһЩ
һֱæϵľŵ㣬ҹе˸ӵĶˣ΢ʱټ˲Ӱܾʲôطֵֹģæҵ޷ȥ˼顣
ĸŮȫûע⵽Աһɷ˳˹
ι˵ǵİɣ˻ô
ɷ˽С̯ǰĹ˿ͼ˰˸ʵ
ֻһŮվԱߣȭͷƤ
ľЩ޴룬ʵ¶һ˿񣺡Բ𣬶ԲϾ뿪Ͼߡ
˺ܷ׳ȴû΢ʱߣȴľҪһЩżӣʮֵĻˡ
ǵôߵ˵֪ʷģǸûа˵Ļϣǲᰡ
˲ĵؽĸŮΧ˶ߵԶԶģͣȫû·ΪԼЭÿ֡
˽ÿ˶ŪķңֻؼҴյȫͣ
ľ꺦¼ˣȴŮǰֹס˵ûԲ𣬶ԲĲˣھ뿪
˵һ̯¶һЦݣŹǿѽҵǮҲҪݵĲͷѸҾС
ľɫ˱䣬ˮܣݵĲͷѶˣǻô
һ͹û£ҿҲǺҪ̯ӣ㶯ִɡ
˵꣬ҪкļϣһëݺݵһǵĲͳ˲һת΢ʱֳԱߵ۵ʣһһʺݺݵĺϡ
ûúýһ㡣



72 ûȤ
˱ػ, ԵļһʱûзӦȷӦʱ΢ʱѾյüˡ
С, ССͲѧãå, ȺˣһΪʲô, ԼҲƤװʲôװ۸Һ裡
΢ʱоԼŭ, ⼸Ǻ, ԺиֳСʱģļ䣬˾ǴСôһֱϵ裬·е鶼ڳķչ
ھ̯Ҳϣʵܲˣ˵ͲʲôܹԸ
Ų´Ьģַ, ǶѾ˱ˣΪʲôҪЩԼ
ǰ̯˭˭߹
ƾʲôԼͲ
û־, ΢ʱġ
һֱõĻ, ˶֪г۸ˣһǺգֹ衣
Ȼ⼸˱յ֮, һʼ򣬵΢ʱޱȣɵľͽˡ
ȻҲ˲ʣûʲôٸǰˡ
ľ꿴ͣᣬ۵ϵ˿ڣոЩ˳ʱ޷˵ĵŮǰǺֱܿŮ˺档
Ůֺ䣬ҪİæͰе˶ˡ
΢ʱŪƤոյ鱻ˣ⣬ֲĴ
Ķ죬ĵһġ
΢ʱ˶٣ײô
ѵ˼Ҵ㣬־
΢ʱЩΪԼĵð뷨˸ۡ
õƤݸովԱߵһŮһֱߵĶ΢ʱ˵ͷû̫⡣
ûЩ˵Ĵúܿ죬̯ϵĶ϶Ѿˣ̯ؼҡ
Сĳ΢ʱܵǰδеİģڴ˯ˡ
ڶ죬æµӰţϰ̲꣬æµϿʼһֱӡ
;ԱȥԷˣǸҹеŮҲ˱̲裬ڵȡ
΢ʱæýŲմأֱ곤鿴ӣΪʲôϵĵû
΢ʱһۣһ40ҪѾˣȫ⣬ûдӡ
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곤ıһ˿ͷдֱӳϣѾˣҲڵû⣬ΪʲôҪѹ˦ڱͷϣھͿˣ첻ϰˡ
΢ʱϵĹһѣƤЦⲻЦ˵ԣѹեͶô͵Ĺʣ˭ɣڰҵǮ壬Ȼ춼ˡ
ԴԴϵͣú鷳
곤ΪһС׽δѧ󲿷ֶŻһ¾ˣû뵽ôѲ
΢ʱôվţһãûΪʲôҪϴ
ǲǿ꿪ˣԼʲô
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΢ʱһ120840תˡ
곤
΢ʱԸĻȥϷعǣͷβҶûд
ֵԽԽ࣬곤ѹ׬Ǯߡ
ϴͻ΢ʱֱ˦ϣ񾭲ŸϴԱ˶ûҪƾʲôУ˭Ҫ˵ԿǸԼһɡ
΢ʱҲûʲôʰԼˮ˼ңһ·ϻûеʲôʱ䣬˸ոմ衣
ɹĻ̣ɵĲ񻰣Ҳûʲôӣ΢ʱ֪ˡ
æ˷˽ȥ˷ĿյϾɵĿյ죬ľæҪѿյصȴ΢ʱǿӲֹˡ
ɲǿЦģҶ
΢ʱӱȡ飬ˮѱŽ棬šһëŵľ
ССӺܿ΢ʱֿ˵ȣһֱľ괵ţܳȥľ˼ƿ
ƽʱ᲻úȣһǺüƿԳٺ÷ˣ۵ľֱܡ
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ڳϢ˰죬ľ껹ǾЩģ£ûǿţǸ΢ʱȥҽԺ
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ѾȫˣȴԽԽࡣ
΢ʱǽϯضȴļ϶ֿǸϤŮ̶һ죬ǵĵμˡ
ϳԷΪŮӣϴŵһпССĺңʮǰеˣڻû˴š
оЩ֣ôĶܿ
Ҳûʲô˵ģ˼Ҿסأ
ĵֵĸо鶼Ӧչģ·һûо¼
е򣬶ĳ棬΢ʱⶼǰʵ뷨ߵģΪȶֵ뷨ʱѹȥ
΢ʱƣݣ̽ͷǰȥϣܽеԼ
ʱԱߵ곤͵ԱĶԻ֮ǰеľҲˣ곤ԭѸĹʶ򵽵Ա˻ϣû뵽ѧôòֻܷ뷨
ǮƵģ۵
ʱԱ΢ʱ
վģǲ֪ΪʲôǱסһ㣬޷
ֻĿŵı飬󣬵Ա˵ֲҪǼٿأ20Һȥɣ涪ˡ
΢ʱҲѹֲסԼĵŭһ˲·ϵվ˯еľźãߵ˵Աǰ
Ӧõģֵõ˵𣿡
ûԷӦʱ䣬һƺ˵ϣ˳ֽݹ20Ǯ˶
ӳˣݵĵɻǱΪ飬βˣҰ˵ôǮǰɣȫ㣡
΢ʱ˵꣬ӵһקȫûй˼Χ˵һȭϡ
ոԼʱЩһûгԼڿˣЩװп͵ӣͨͨΪʲô
߼Щ˺񿴲ƵģֻһȰܡ
΢ʱһţ˶Ź˵׼г𲻱
˵Ա֮ԷڴǮȫ˳ԼĿڴ棬ָĵ곤˵ô۸ǰɣһֵǹصģˣ˭ռ
˵⻰ΧһжֹˣǱһУʱҲֹͣš
΢ʱãȻĿܣȺеǸŮۿͷ˯еĸס
޵ľ㯡
衣
һһ˲䣬еļ䶼ˣ΢ʱˣҽԺѰҽ豸ôȻ
·һŮʵǸһֱԱ߿Ů£ɹǰһ졣
·һڵÿ˶ϲϵظһļ䡣
ںϵʱû¸ҵվǰ̯ߡ
뵽ԷɫĻɫͺڲѡ
ѾǸˣӦʹ÷ɵԼȨϡ
̲꣬飬Թ޵ʱֻûУҵĽͣķ˴ʱ䣬곤״򹤣һǮûҪ
ؼҿڳͺˣŬһͺˡ
һеһУԼɵġ
ԹеĲƽԹԼûܼʱ衣
һǲǶ᲻һÿѭὫԹ۵ɱֱҲûлˡ
ԹһУ˵Թ޵Լ
ʹļ䣬һĲϻ롣
ֱ΢ʱĳ֣ѭȻ濴һĽ֡
ŮһĴȺһͺˣҲû¡
ڵϣľ𣬿ߣĻסԼ
һ˲Χоɫʼɫ΢ʱһۣѾصԭȲϡ
ǰһĿ
Ů廹ԭȵӣ沿ȴȫȫıһ
˼ͼѾȫʧˣǾߺǵֱۣŮϣվֱ䣬ǺȻء
ǰġˡѾһȫȫĹ΢ʱϽһ˰
ȫûż޷Ŵ
΢ʱóĶԽ˶ȥˣڶ¥йҪסˣ
һ˵һˣһֻæҵǹ³֮ǰ΢ʱͽռǹóװˣԷʱ֮衣
ǰĻþδţ˵ʵԶԼ֮ϡ
΢ʱܾЩʲô˵ӦڻþֱӴԼŶԣô˲ſʼ֡
˲֪ȥˣһҲûԽд̵Ǽ˻صײһˣԲû
дܾĹԼЩԸˣ΢ʱᶫģԼСҲȥ
һǹһŵʱǿ˿Ů壬֮ǰЩʷķһ㣬ûʲôۼ
ȴЩʷķӵѲȥĸоǿһϣ˿벻ȥ
ƾǺѽƷˣ΢ʱ֮˿ռһǹ
ϵĶŶԽסˣӳ
ѾƵǽǣͨŲ֪ʲôʱˣһǹӵٴӹﴩ⻬ĺ׺洩
ͬʱԺϵͳٴ𣺡ϲ£ѷ䣬ա
ǰĹȻأֵǣĺоȻһ̲ʺѪҺһ
΢ʱ˿еǹȻôã֮ǰ۵ʱȫȷġ
ڵû˫ŮƯ۾ԲԲţ΢ʱ
ʱ򣬶ԽвŴʲôС
ν㣡νôˣ

ո¥Ϻͼһŵ㣬ǺȻʧһ㣬һͷ˾Ͳˡ
֪ǱȥˣŻڶ¥
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ֺȴϼ룬ǳɴֻµӡӡ
΢΢̧֣¶һЦݣ΢ʱ˹ȥﵹˣʲôвˡ
΢ʱĶ£ųż³֣лл
ллһֱԸ顣
˫Ư۾еĻ޷˵ˡ
㡭
˵仰Զı۾ȫʧȥ
ָԼͣһССĺң֮ǰϵһš
΢ʱŷŽ˿ڴ˵лл
϶Ů壬ϵǶѺԱߣŮȻ£һѾ˵ļӡ
ͷ­һ𣬽˫֣Ҳֿ
űײСڵһѷӿ
СΣû°ɣ
лԳ嵽ǰ´΢ʱӣû˲˿
Щ鼱֮ȫй£ͽŪȫѪȭͷһ˿ʹж˲ˡ
΢ʱþʱ򣬾ͽˡ
ûãˡ
΢ʱû£ûϵѾˣҲѾˣҵ豸ҵ˵Ļǿȥɡ
˿һлԻѪ֣ǿˡ
ոôܲĳţ֮ǰл΢ʱĳˡ
ԷʱһǼˣ飬ǲȫĽǺõģûгʲô
˿û¾ͺãҵˣȥɣ϶ѾŲһˣа˶ӹ豸˳ȥˡ
΢ʱ˵ͷǰ棬תͷлƿĿӣʵôˣ
ǷŰɴոŵʱ̫ˣˡ
лû˵ӹǵݹ˫ˮ˿һ˿ðݣŶ˾ʹҪ
΢ʱ˻һ̧ͷ۲лԵı飬ûʹƵģֻ˫ˮӦһᣬ۲졣
΢ʱɵĵ̾Ůʹôһ
˵ʵѾЩϰָоˡ
˵ΣգʵҲãлĶѣĺܻǺܼʵġ
΢ʱùްлԵ󣬽˿ϸͿһ飬о˫ˮʹģ۽ĵؿлԣոޱ飬ǽҧأƺڼ͡
Ҳס
㲻𣿡
ԱߺʵȻһûпԡ
лԣá
Ƶģ΢ʱصİ£ȻܵлԽֱ
š
΢ʱоЩ֮ǰЩĸоɢһЩ
лԽưСӻص˳ϣϵ˻ڳųȥ¶˵ʵ̫ˣ֮ǰڻѵʱûиоôȡ
ڻԺеİԱûµ˳ĻЩڡ
ȭͷһĳԣʮֲӣֱԱȥҲû̫ã1γô洵ˡ
ͷɥڳڣ˵ˡ
һᣬȻڶ΢ʱ˵Բ𣬸ո˵̫ˣҲӦСǵġ
΢ʱⲢûʲôϾ˾ǻһӦḶ́һʼҲѩ氤ôõʡ
ǻԺеԭסҲһôﻹͦг徢ģܹʶԼ⣬ٵĸĵز
ûϵͺˣʱ򣬰ҲǲŵģҪ̫Լˡ
۾Ŀ΢ʱãûȤͦġ
ڳոջ˺г̸



73 ľ޻
ȡֵڴ, ʲôˣ
תͷôҶӳ岻𣿡
⸱¿ˮ̵ģ, ֻܰѻ˵㵱ҵ, ǲ̫һ㣿
̯̯֣һν˵ô, ҿɲĳһѶԱ£Լ˴Ļȡ
һҭһȷʵס˰ѱ, ⲢͿˡ
յĿǽ΢ʱϡ
ԱӸо, תͷʵǵôԸнʣһס
˵ʵ΢ʱĶǼٵģĸɲǸɣ˵Ȼߴߵġ
ﻹϤˣҲ뿪
Ǹ, ʱۡ
ʧĿԵһôˣȥ֪ôл
, ֻһЦûϵ, һϵʽɣʲôʱˣӭ㡣
ǳ˳飬ƶ, Ȼö֮ļ΢ʱϵʽ
ҲֹֻĬĬĿš
ϾҲǺܵԷ
֮ͽϣϵһϡ
Ȼ˵λϵϵְλǱҪߵġ
΢ʱϳò֮󣬸оʮֵƣɴó۵
ոǸ֮о˼һ㣬ƣ룬Ҳʮֵƣ
ںúϢһʱٽȥ̽ڶΡ
Сӵֲ٣ÿֻҪȥ̽Σܰ豸λú¥еΣնȷ
ȵҶ꣬ڶ̷֮ˡ
һһֱ˯ϣ΢ʱתѡ
ӦĻԺԭԱǶܳҹɫˣִӡ
ȻǻǺӦȵܵ˵ȰҪϺܶࡣ
źɫҹĻ΢ʱܾһ˿ΣУ֮ǰʱڵʱΣأŮߣøӵСġ
лϵ˿ѾˣӰжշ磬ȫô˿ڡ
΢ʱʱʱĿһۣȷû¡
Ѱ¥ڵ豸ѾСӸˡ
ϻмctҺ϶ڵ¥㣬ٴνסԺŲһΣվС
˲Ǻܶ࣬ζҲĵطҪһЩѵȣһһŲ顣
ûе磬ߵŶѿ˴˿Žȥһ򣬺߻϶ûʲô⡣
ǲƺ̫ˣһ·ϹûпߺǣֵҲܸɾûʲôƵġ
˲˲ԾѲĸΪϸ
һӰһ㶯
΢ʱվڰУŴӷ洫ĸ֨֨ƺ˽ҡҡ׹
йı걾ҲҪȥģ֮ǰѾˣռļֵ岻󣬾ֱӷﲻùˡ
͵Ĺû׽ȥԹо
΢ʱһĶͷСĲǺĻˮаԱڣں޲ðȾܣ˵֮
û취Ѿں˼ƣ׼ȥһ̽
΢ʱҲֻýȺˡ
ȻЩ£Ҳӭս׼
ִİ˿ģֱ֨
ʲôأ
ֵͲ˽ȥһ˶ڴӰϵѹһһĶ֨֨ʹ洫
ǿҵĹԴ֮۾Ƶ͵һ֮淢˼ı
һӾ˶䣬˫ȴĶ
ֻԭ⻬Ƥ͹һЩ飬Щķ϶˼ֻ֣ѸٵŲһߡ
ϸģð࣬ǺɫǺɫİ߿飬ۿɼĺ
һ׶ߵ򣬿ȥܱأʵ´ʱѾûһ
΢ʱһۣߵctġ
ЩƤ͹İ߿ȷʵҲ΢ʱһ㼦Ƥ
˵ֻлܷ죬ѵ˵֯Ҳ
Щôأ
Ѹ㱨¼Ƭ˳ȥƬСǿֱӸԺϵġ
յƬĵһʱ䣬ͷоǱߡ
Խܿ촫Ҷӳ˵Ҫ걾ػ׽ȥ
ɫ˼֣ĿǰʱʵҪŵĻҲ̫һЩɡ
лԸģ뻹óһƵҩˮܹһ̶ƹжһ˵̫СˣÿԱ϶һ
ŽıߵĿۿסһž޴Ĳ
лԣĸ˷ֱץסһǣͷƣǸֺӵĹȥ
ڷĹԵЩ겻϶û۾ȴ֪Ƶģƴˡ
ʮֵӴûͳ֮ǰһѽסݺݵսƤ
ոջʮֻԾ򣬴˿˲ήЩСƣϵҲ˻ȥһһӡ
˶û뵽׽Ĺ̾Ȼô˳ⲢһԺǿĹڲڽȫ߾ͺ̫Ķˡ
ս΢ʱŵһɺֵζЩ˵ζ֮ǰĳζȫһϾȻһˮһúϢ
͸˵ĹӣҪòõʱ򣬴ƾζ
սƤ߽ݺݵˣ΢һŤܿЩںڵӡӡ
˲û򵽵ôߡ
ģŲ󣬵ôˣʮֵĳûв泵ͽְᶫһ㡣
΢ʱֶЩʹڽһ·˳ĶԱѾ׼ӣ
΢ʱ֣ڸ㶨ˣȵеĶ꣬ǾͿ̻ȥˡ
һʱѾ賿ĵ࣬ܿҪˣ˹ץʱܹĵذŶ˻϶һת״̬ƣͺ͡Ĳĥˡ
ֻϿȥгеطϢ΢ʱǾҲǺۣٱ֮ǰ·ʱҪϺܶࡣ
֮ԳЦЦȻ˶ڶԱзһַʽĺãʵ֮ȽϣҲֻвѡ
΢ʱˢСƳ˺ܶܡ
Ǵġ
СƳˢ£ϼ
춹ɳѩ120g*80֧
ѩ120g*80֧
⣨ĨŴٺ춹棩240g*80֧
ȫԶ̨һ
س̻һ
һף¯רùС̹¯רɰ
֣ôˢòĶ
΢ʱЩͷԣѾǵһˣԴ֪ϵͳⷽһȨ֮΢ʱˢĶ϶ֱܹϵġ
ҲЩòϵģʱòϣʱ֪ܿʲô;ֻЩڶ֪ʲô
ӦоУЩҲװϡ
ϵͳϵͳÿضһ޿ɷ棬ѵĻˢһ
΢ʱЩСƳˢ´ϣеĶоôȻڿռҲǰ׸
˱е΢ʱϳֻ֮Ҫڳϵȴ˹е豸̳ػԺоС
ʼ鿴εĽʼʾɱ߼*1200֡
⻹нȻ߳ɹ300֣ùĵߣһö
ߵľ;Ǻ
һ5000ֵ500֣ջǷǳɹ۵ģ֪ǲڼӳֵԵʣڻԺУʱھϲô֡
΢ʱһӶоˣ²صȴ̵ˢ£֪ʲôö
̵ˢҲҪʱ䣬ûô죬ĵĵһᣬ־ˣ̫Ѿǵڶˡ
ͣ£˿յڵ˻Ǿȵĺܣ϶˺涼ȺģûϴϵζǺܺš
Ӿһ޴ÿ˵Ķ尾΢ʱڽ£֪͸оԼ˯ˡ
ٴʱ򣬳Ѿʻڻȥ·ˣɫɵģѾٽ˰̫Ҳȥ֪˶á
΢ʱ۾ԱߵлԼ˹ݸһƿϡ
΢ʱǵˣ
յߣν㣬һ˯ÿɹõģѾԺеĵؽˣٹСʱǾͻȥˡ
Ȼ˯һ죬ֲøоڵ¶ȽһЩ˯ûôˣ΢ʱϣҲýʣûһ΢ʱšƿǷϣ۾⣬һжʮֵѰ
ΪȥˣڵҲ𽥻ûãֻܴһߴߴ졣
ѽڻȥǲǶйݵļڣҶӣǷ𣿡
ҡҡͷǳٻȥԺжѾˣȻˣʲôڿʱڣڵĳֲŸոսôھͣϢæһء
ڶʱһƬ۳Ͷȷʵÿɹ̶ĻҪ۶ˣһ㶼չڿ˵ĥĹˡ
һתּ˵λȥ˶ӽ𣬹ʵһ룬µĹһ𷢷š
һ˲䣬ڵֻԾ۾ģһѵĶҪȻĲƽʱЩǮͲǳڵʳôôһʵĿ֧ȫֻڹ֮࣬ٳȥְǿǡ
ºˣôཱĻһһ㣬һھͺˡ
΢ʱ֪ʲôҪȰһ£ֲõż˵˵ֻܸᷢϢѡ
ôóĻǰӾ͸Ͳȱˡ
£΢ʱܾԼֵùˣϽָ߼Էֻһɱ¾֣Ƿַӵ¡
ǲŮûŮ⻷ǳˣµĶʲô³
ԺвһȫɫĳУлΣշһлʲôأ
ڳڸû¼ңľ֧£һӵˣҲ̡
΢ʱǸܶˣϲĴãΣٵʱҲ޴룬ҡ
ȻʱûǣѾδõĳˣ΢ʱ̾˿ȥ֮ٺúõȰȰ
ܶܶڳڵ⣬ʱû£΢ʱһ£Է
ȥ·ǻһʱͰˣ˵Գ΢ʱ˶̫Ȥ
һʼߴߴ飬˺ֻţû֦
źŽã΢ʱյĺ룬֮ͨ󣬶ԷһĸϢƶˡ
΢ʱһֻ֮ûлظʱû۵뷨ʱЩ⣬á
ֻǵͷ˿ϢûлӦ֮ʱҲͣˡ
ڵӣ΢ʱֻĿЩĳϣ߲ϻľ
ΧĳӶûǰǳʱô֪࣬ǿԺˡ
֮ǰǸηЩЧģȻӻǺܶ࣬ƽ·ҲôοϷĳҲͶ࣬Ѿָˮƽ
·ߵֲҲʮ£ǹɻ֮ȥĳζɢһЩӿ˿ѭζһЩ
ֿһɫǳ׵İѾȫûҰӰһģľɫںҹУܲڡ
ֻʣǰĳƻţӿʻڵ·ϣһ·ϳڵζͣı任š
Ŀȥ֮󣬳ֻʣһӺζûȿյܿͽÿ˴һЩ
ֺĸоֻˣܺõ˴ҷ
ģڵĿԽԽãҲ֪ǲ΢ʱѾӦˣսĻŲϵζˡ
ǰԶԶģԿһƬƹ⣬ƹһƬɽ·ܵ·ڿˡ
Ժнǰÿ˶ȲſڳϿҪؼˡ
ʵûӣ΢ʱ̾ѵĻʱ
һ·ۣԽǿԺУԽܿ·ϸ·Ⱥ
ֵǣѾˣЩΪʲôţû
΢ʱһۣȺһЩϵı飬ֻ֪Щ˲ûƶǴԭء
ѵ˯̫˯ˣ
Ӧðɣ
΢ʱһ˿ڳתٶȵʱſڴ棬ϸ۲·Ⱥ
Ǿô·ߣʮֵĿն΢ʱûʲôӡ
֮ǰûнǵʱ·ϵ˲ЩӦǳʱ˵ĿⶼᳯЩƶĽͨ߾ۼ
ЩǱһ㣬·ߣҲûǰڣһǸ·ġ
ûһ·˲ǡ
΢ʱԽԽԣȻóƺһ˲䰲΢ʱ͵תͷ˵˶ֹͣ˶ҰԼλϣնĲ֪ڿʲô񳵴ˡ
ڿ£΢ʱԼϵĳζųڵĿһɲײ˲ıǻ
͵վҪ鿴鿴ʲôѾˡ
ǰļʻԱȻһת΢ʱһ˲˦λϣӳƻ෭£ץס˷֣ײͷѪԴˣ죬һζ
ѵ۾ӵĲˣһ˶ĺɫ䣬Ĳ״Ļһ̵ͷ
ѪĽ絽΢ʱϣܿƵ˹ȥ



74 ͨ
΢ʱ, ʻУѸתͷԷúõĶλ, Դڣովķ·ξ
΢ʱϰԵʳһ䣺ǵˣ
յߣν, һ˯ÿɹõģѾԺеĵؽ, ٹСʱǾͻȥˡ
һģһǸոս˵Ļ, ô̵ʱ, ԲǴ
ѽڻȥǲǶйݵļڣҶӣǷ𣿡
ҡҡͷǳٻȥԺжѾˣȻˣʲôڿʱڣڵĳֲŸոս, ôھͣϢæһء
ڵ𣬸ոյĶԻһģ̶̰ӵʱ, е鶼΢ʱ֮ڡ
ܸҪ˵Ļ
λȥ˶ӽ𡭡
λȥ˶ӽ, ʵһ룬µĹһ𷢷š
˶Ŀ΢ʱתͷŽ˵㲻Ҫһֱڣ, ôȰġ
һ𾪵Ŀν㣬ô֪ҡ
šüͷûкκ˵СڵӦò֪Ŷԡ
΢ʱվɫɵģҪˣûнԺڣһжü
ͣгͣ
嵽˼ʻǰڵļ˷׷վôô˷ʲôˣνôˣ
΢ʱˮ˵Ҷӳеĳͣǰֲ﷢䣬ṥǵĳӣٲͣĻ˶
һأŽɵĿ˫ִ£֮еĳԭش
ȺĳͣĳΧס
˶΢ʱЩƵԭⲽվ΢ʱ˵˵ô£
ĳͣˣûнɽ·ϵȼͲ֧ų̫ãÿһʱ䶼ܱʱ̫ãӵȼͺľóڵ˳ͣͻӲ񸺵
΢ʱһոʵ̫ˣûпǵô˵˿Ժзת˸䡣
ҶӣԤеΣգ֪Ǵ֮ҵı仯ʲôˡ
Եɴ۾ʲôԤ֪δ𣿡
һ¾ץסص㣬ʱ˼̫пգҲʲô£΢ʱԼѾ˵Ĺˣһ»ǲ׼ˡ
ôϣϾӵɲʲô£ֻӵѣ͵Ԥ֪Σ˵ҲѾǳˡ
΢ʱ뱣һ͵ǣֻԤеǰΣգиҲܿǱߡ
¶޷£ȻôĳӣҲȫƾһ֮ʾͣ
ֲǶϷ⿿˵˵˾ͻ㣬ܵóһƾʵ
΢ʱ˵ʮзģѾٽԺеĿڣȥϵл壬ѾϵˣȥŲ飬ԼٵȰСʱ֪ˡ
Ӿͣţ˳һжܰ
·ϵ˰СʱھʹϢȱ
ƿߵĿڣȥĿȷʵֲ
΢ʱԤϵûвǼ꿪˻ĺɫľ޻Ѱľ޻ֱһֻ10ң֮ľ޻䣬ֱг˵Сͬôһ۾˿
ڵɽ·֮ԶԶľͿЩ쳣ĻʢţľϻѪѾɱ˲֪ˡ
ǻԺгһľ˵ŻῪѾ˻ˣʱվһ񻹻ᱻľ޻ҵͷǳ֮ʹ
ǻԺдС̻û뵽ЩѰҲ䣬ɱô
΢ʱʻĻһҧԴ;Щ
ʵȻ΢ʱ˵µ
ȴڸոյ顣
תһ룬΢ʱл˵Ĺϵôһ㣬֪һЩĻϢӦҲ˼Ƭ̣ʱеɻ󣬴û¾ͺá
˻űʲôҪ΢ʱܺõıܿΣգûܳĻʲôء
εԲɱʲôҪ𺽣һ·ߡ
ųӵԶȥɽµľ޻ԽԽԶҲûŵǹֵ㣬ɳġ
һ·΢ʱʱ̽ţҲûз֮ǰ飬ֱص˻ԺУ΢ʱųһ
ΣѾˣٵʲôⷢڰȫˡ
˳ԺеķȺĴϣ΢ʱȴоǰδеʡ
⣬İԱ룬һϵеļ飬Ϣ
΢ʱ֮е飬ܸȤ
ղл״̬࣬ûǰƣӣڵĲƻЧʡȥٵķ¡
εĸܺã΢ʱֵһ˼䣬ɳһӦȫʮֵʡ
л建߽һˡ
ǵ˸ڷ䣬Ūл嵥һ˽ˡ
СΣ⼸оôûʲô쳣ĵط
΢ʱҡҡͷϵҲֻл֪ԷὫ߱ˣڻǱȽϰȫġ
л˱ˮˣγڣ˴Ѿñˣְ˶ӵĶӳ
΢ʱӦһллΡ
ʵ̫ȤڰԽԽҲܿƵġ
ѡĻھְ׷ƽá
ĻĩҲѣõ뷨һ΢ʱ˲׵Ժ
ӦõģԼˣҲʹ촰˵ˣм飬ǶϵܣҲ˵Ԥ֪оҪнһļ飬ϣܽܡ
΢ʱû⣬һʵ㱨ġ
΢ʱ˵ĲԼ˵Ҳû⣬ֻǴʱ򣬸Լӹһ£Ҳ˵Ѱɡ
л˵ͷ΢ʱΪҪˣְϥϣ׼ȴٳûжֻǿԼ΢ʱоһѹ
ôˣлʲô𣿡΢ʱʵ
ѾӦˣлʲôܶԴӳ
лЦЦ˿ıǴһ㻯ǸСΣе˽㡣
΢ʱ˵
лʵңСʲôϵ𣿡
΢ʱĲʵ̫ͣоµûţ΢ʱһαˮҭ
λлˣлΪļˣôҲ³
²豭Щʴӣû뵽л
ѡ
΢ʱЩ˵ʵлԶ̬ܵȣҲ
л岻֪û˵ʵʲôѣ
΢ʱǲлԳ̫ĹϵȻ̬ĹۣﻹʮֵĿܺӽԼСҪ
ʲô
ش˵ʱ򣬴˾Ͱ׻ȥлҲҲûиԼ쵼ļӡ
΢ʱĴƹˤ˶Է˾¡
лֻһЦûƢĽ͵ǸðˣСԵʱûô˵ΪֻǾЩ棬ˣӦûֵ᷸ͼŶԡ
΢ʱȻлȷʵЩ̫ڽԼˣ˭Լˣ˵ģԼţҲоְɡ
Ƿ˵ĸоȷʵã֪űԷŮǲϧͿΣա
΢ʱл彫֮ǰ򵥵˵һ飬ȥ֮¼ҲһЩ
˵鷳תǰЩֻǾ̫֮ͣ࣬ҲҪرʲôþǷʲô֮е鶼һʹԺ󲻱ˣԼİΣҪġ
л˵ͷʾ⣬дһ˿ͣõģһתġ
΢ʱ˵ͷожʲôصҲ¶һЦݡ
Ŷˣһ¡
΢ʱɫ˵
л壺Ҳضþƣҽ㣬Ǿһˣûҽл㣬ͽлͦŤġ
΢ʱĬĶͷ˾ôеĻŸ߱Ȩ
л㣬˽ҲĿŵ˼ҾǸϵ
лЦЦƾʵӦû˻Сɣ˵˶ȥȻʵ˿һЩ
΢ʱЩΣûдۣǽ鱻ͷ˾ˣҲЩ̫á
Ĭл˵Ȼûָ˼ֻǾĻܶ鷳㲻ĻͰԼ뷨
΢ʱ˵ͷ֪ˣлл
л˵꣬׼ˣˣҾȲˣѾźˣϢһߵġ
΢ʱͷĿ뿪
ǳ徲ˣ΢ʱɳϣеĲһ۾Ϣ
лվ棬ǽĿǰֱлӷ߳תߡ
߰ɣȥһ˿ڡ
лϵ˿ڻûãȻ˿ǿϣǷӱգƤ̡ⷭ
ǰδеܣ΢ʱĻһԼϵʹԺӡ
Է˵ûǾʮֵܣֻ˵ѰĻлԵﻹǾúܲ
ǣʲôϵûУֻͨѣĽĹϵӦǺܺõѲŶ԰ɣ
˴֮侭ôࡣ
վڴ⣬ˡ
л壺߰ɣỹҪ
ĽŲԶȥ΢ʱ߻˷䣬ʼϵͳԻ
֪Ҫʲô飬΢ʱò̫򵥣᲻⵽ϵͳ
Ƕˣϵͳĵı֤ڵĿƼˮƽͼⲻȻĻͱץоˡ
ܿļԱˡ
΢ʱооڣר˶̸֮ǰ¼
оԱԲһֵĻ˵ǿԸӦԵ粨ԲĻԾ״̬΢ʱãһǣµģϷҲһˡ
ʡȥʱ򿴵ĳֻ˵ܹоǰΣյĶ
ȽΣԤҲֻԼԼصĲŻԤһʱʱ״̬ôҲ֪
˵ʵܹԤ֪δ֮ҲһξͲ֪ʲô
ѧϴδʱûмʱֹӼǰУѾǴγˡ
лԲ֪᲻£ˣѱһ
˾ôģһڻңôҲǺܲ׵顣
оԱ˵Ļ¼ֻԼЧ֪ʱ䣬Чֻ֪ôһܣһʲôʱᷢ
оԱ֮ʵ뷨Ա֮ܵĴЧ΢ʱһڻؾˡ
ʵ뷨һԴˣԣԺĸ߼оԱݴȺͣ˵Ļȴһ㶼
Χ£ʵ鴥һЧΣζӳǽǶȻᱣ֤İȫġ
ָоһЩĹʾͬ⣬Ասǿʵϵѵ
֮ǰǴѵЩǲѱ˵һ£һεĽѵԲٲμˡ
Ǹʵ鲢ȫûμӡ
оǼǿ˲μʵģԲŻ˵ôί
٣Ǽ˵ζӳ㱣֤ҲΪоףԲµġ
΢ʱƤЦⲻЦ˵ǲ⣬ô֤Ҷ˵Ҳμˣʵ飬ԺѵҲμӵģ˵Ĺ˰ɣҪ
Ա˵ɫ࣬˶Ļ
ȷʵռԷ˵˲ҪҪװһп͵Ȱ˵ŲԼͲ¡
оԱ˰΢ʱһĴָ鱾ȫƾԾû˵ӲҪ˲μӵĵ
΢ǲμҲãμҲãɡ
㣡㣡ѵΪһ˵оΪԺף
΢ʱ
ǰһ˶ûзӦʱһѾסԵӣʲôоҶ˵ǲȷģ˵ʱҸ߹ˣûҪ£ҪΪԺףôѱص±䣬ôооôƹĳ֣
ɫ࣬û΢ʱֻǺץ΢ʱ֣ſ
Χ˷׷Ȱܣ΢ʱԺһץסʲôƵģͻȻðһ뷨
˳ɿץԵ֣֮ǰ̫ⷽ飬֮ء
²ԽģȻµĲɿǹȴǿԽġ
ҵշԭ򣬲ǵ֮
Ȼ֮ǰԼյḶ́лԣǰû飬ܵҪԭ
˵жֲ䣬һҪأǴ̼
֮ǰСɽǸСŮԼҲҽԺ棬Ҳǣܵ˺ܴĴ̼
Ը䣬ôڻеط֤
Ҫл



75 Ҫ
ԱΧļ, ĺ붼룬ƾҲ䣬Ϊ˭, лƾʲô㣿
΢ʱ˸ۣһŽߵڵ, ǲģΪʲôҪɫأ
Աڿȥǰ, ֻסҪֵԣˣоԱ, û˵ʲô
Ǹ޷Ҫʵ, ϾҲǰԱѲ뵽һҲӣʱ򲻰΢ʱʱ˭ֻԼأ
ɥĲ˼뻻оԱ棬ûʲô, Ͼ˭ûһ㾪׵뷨ڱǰ˵ȫˡ
ûʱˡ
΢ʱûжɴóֻлĵ绰
绰ͨˡ
洫лιôˣ
΢ʱл, ľ޻, ȥǱ߿
绰ͷлЩʵոմԹôʲô𣿡
΢ʱûУҺΪʲôֲˡ
л˵绰ܿ͵ʵҵ, ûԶоڰ칫
΢ʱһʵԱм˳ȥ߰ɣھҪȥľ޻Ǳ߿
˺л˳ٸ棬΢ʱ·ϸл͸ոð뷨
вĸ嶼һ̼ľ޻ҲеĻôĲȫûˡ
Ϸı仯ҲΪ̼µģӿѧ˵͹ϲı仯һģǻͻ䡣
ֻĻͻǺõģϵĴ̼ȫһģ
Ȼһ˵΢ʱһأû֮ǰôùĻҲǹһԱ
оܿ͵˳⣬Ȼڻڸڼ䣬˭лȨһ·ͨľôˡ
΢ʱʾĺҲľڵλ뿨ڲǺԶľ޻ˣҲû
ֻǴһ֣Խٽľڵɽ£ĳҲԽ١
ӣӦ֮ġ
Ŀƺŵ㣬ɥʧ־ͷĿѣů紵ʮֵ⡣
ɽһƬطԭһ԰汻ƽ·ֻľΧһƬͺͺġ
΢ʱ˳ſеζ֮ǰĳ
֪Σ˵Ѿʵһˡ
΢ʱԸΣûǰֻмôһΣԤ֪δ
ߵľڵλãվڿԣоûʲôɽ·޵ʮ롣
ﵽʲôͬأ
΢ʱ˼Ƭ̣лʵΣʲô쳣𣿡
ĴҲѰкβͬǶ޹һƽƽĿյɽҲûʲôʯҵľ޻
Ǿʲôأ
΢ʱ̧ͷһƬɽڣ϶ǹͺͺģûط̦޺Ӳݡ
΢ʱȻ뵽һ㣬к˰ѳͣڿӶԱߡ
Ȼ΢ʱʹӳȥվ棬ԭḧ˿΢һЩ
ȺЩ
΢ʱûʲôͽҵļɣɴ಻ЩΣ˶ˣֻ쳤ڳһ¡
¶һģûʲôı䣬Ǹ߶Ȼߣ΢ʱЩʧ
ڸʻлԳ˳ʵȥ𣿡
΢ʱ˵ͷǵġ
лָָԼļ򣺡ɡ
΢ʱǳ˳飬黹Լͽȥİȫء
˾ôڳ棬ǲҪ
⳵׶أټлԵߣټԼߣи¥ˣ
΢ʱһ֣лԾѾˡ
վл忴ˣϰɣģСԺȵġ
΢ʱֻӲͷƤˡ
ļɵĽ΢ʱڱ˼ϵζ֡
΢ʱֻץһ£ʱ򻹾ûʲô֣ܿһȷ洵ûԺȵˬ
¶ȣ˵һԶĽߡ
ľ޻֦ͷĶˣܵһ֣Ƚ棬һһů紵˵ľ޻ˣҪˡ
ȻĴ̼Ӧþˡ
һ͸оС۶ģ΢ʱٵջֱۣлԵļʾ
лȵĽס˵һ˳ϡ
˳΢ʱ˦˦֣ûˣȷʵܹŹ֣ȷ´ľ޻Ƚ˱죬ӦǴ󲿷ֵԭ򡣡
΢ʱٵĽԭ򣺡УЩҩˮһĴ̼ԣҾҲǵ¹һԭ򡣡
ˢˢĿ΢ʱл͵һɲӲͣˡ
΢ʱץ˳ϵĺɫ֣㣬ҩʲôʱƳģ
лµһƣĻ鷳ʹˡ
ߣոһ°ɡ
΢ʱǰã˵ִ̼ԵҩȵԽ࣬Խ죬ûٺȣǵǰһκȣոо
ٴһ㣬˵Ѿɹˡ
ȷĶʹãһʼǻΪǽҩǵ˺治ɿصȫ汬֮󣬳Ҳҵһʰ
л˷̣ûܹеľκˡ
ԺеľȨͳǧˡ
˵ˣȷʵֽԨף⻹֮ʧ
΢ʱҩ˭ûиҩĸ𣿿˺ȥã֮ǰһΣҾúܡ
΢ʱ֮ǰ鶼лϾĿԱûʵݣҲ֪ҩΣ
ԣǰҽҩ˾ְԱԶܹģӦѾˣΪЩ覴ãȷʵͻԵĽչ
ֲл΢ʱ֪ˣ֮ǰĽҲǣ˺ˣÿһĿȱ
ڿϵһϾôô̵ʱҲϾ֤ˣ΢ʱľʾ⣬ˣܹ֧ѾܲˣҲܹ
ֻ֮ǰǸҽҩ˾ʲôöл뻢ıƤĸо
վڸλϣÿһҪв̤ͻٲ
л侲Ĵŵ绰˶ֹͣʹòҩһ߽Ųȵףиȥ
ֿٲԷֹʣȵԽ࣬Խ죬ⲻ˵ġ
ھ󲿷˶ȹҩһʲôľ
΢ʱˣڱɹһƬİԱһܹεס
лǣ𼱻ǵİ˷ˣҪ̲ȡȴʩ
еİӶԱڿˡ
µúܽ󲿷˻ûüӦͱǿƸ
ڵĳֵõ˿ƣҲûôҪԱڡ
һЩԭסڸλأгڵ˶룬ûеõȷϢ֮ǰ
ķͲðԱ˵ڶ볡
зӵ϶˶λֻʵʱأž˳ߵĿܡ
ʱգ΢ʱڻصԼСңϴ˸裬оżûʲô
ӿռóݮӣ棬⣬һ˷ݵͣõĿ
һˢ̳оͺ°һڲϵˢ£Ϸ׷׿ʼΪʲôԱˡ
˵ʲôĶУоȻڲϢ˵Ϊҩˮ⣬ԱڲڽиԲ顣
Ϣһ̳׷ը˹һʱ۵ӷ
36LҼҾסڸĹԢ棬ҵ죬ҪҪ
48L36¥עⰲȫɣ˼Ҷ˵ҩˮ⣬˳Ƿʲôˣ㲻ôùסڰԱһɣ˵ڶˣסоһûʲô𣬸оںʲôֵСĵ㣬ҪϾ߰
67LûôŰҲס⸽
70L¥ϣ߰ɣԢĳˣأҺ48¥һѡ
΢ʱ
ʲô˼˵ܰС涼ǹ
ЩδҲ̫Σһ㣬ҥ࣬΢ʱҡҡͷҪꡣ
΢ʱһŲݮŽȻƺŵԷֶסˡ



76 ԺҪ
ô˭أ
΢ʱûʲôµĸо, ˣҲܳȥ
ǶԼ»õжţǶԼʵġ
΢ʱųӷŽ, ͨӻ峯濴˿
һźĶͷסˣȫ澿ʲô
ų, Աܲ͸ģŻҪɱ, Ͳгӽ
Σͷܸߣ˾̧Ҳ
ųֻʣһ, ΢ʱЩ, ͷ˿ֻѵı̳Щ˵
΢ʱе㲻а˿
һЩϤ洫˳á
΢ʱһ˲ЦˣͲǹСݡ
Сݣ𣬺һЩ, Щˡ
ͷܿͱ¶һë׵Դһ˫۾
ǽĺڰԳ֪ôҹģ΢ʱֻǸ˽ڵķ䡣
Ǽ˶ܴɵıŵͬһ¥㡣
ķһЩ, ΪҪСǡ
΢ʱȨ, 򿪷ţһ֮ˣ΢ʱʵʵıһë޵Ļ
СݵдȻˬζе, һ˫΢ʱԴǳĸˣȫˡ
΢ʱЦĽԼСݵĻ˼ѹӽ
ȫǿС֮ǰûгϵˮ΢ʱԵˣ鳤දﲻϲԵģСݺ޲ð΢ʱʾ𾴡
ôˣ΢ʱʵ
Сָָһߵķţ΢ʱ˲᣺ҵ𣿡
Сݵ˵ͷ΢ʱЩ֣óֻһȷʵ˲ٵϢֻæųԷûϢʾûпѡ
΢ʱЦˣֽŹϣСˡ
Сᳵ·Ĵ˷ţһ΢ʱ͸огƵģߴߴͣ
÷ĸȽϺãڸڶûĶ
ͼΧɳϣЩʲô˻٣ǣм̣лԶڡ
͵һˣͷһ֣ν㣡ˣ͵һˡ
Щ˿˵Ϊ΢ʱžһģҶܺ˵ȻҪûеǳҲĸȻ졣
΢ʱЩ֣ôҲ
лӢߣѯżˣôҲˣ
лӢ֣⼸Ƕ˵ȥ̫ˣطʱ䣬ͰסڹԢˡ
΢ʱȻĵͷ⵹ǣͦԶģڽ˵ȫһЩǶסҲͦõġ
ʲô˰ҽй΢ʱʵ
յߣֻݵǰν㣬㿴ɡ
һڲ֪֮ͨǰԱʱˣûʲôϡģصݡ
Ų飬ڲʮԱѸ롣
ֻǳɸ飬Աδ̫һЩЩ˶ǳ֮İԱ
ںµĲҩͨİԱҪ֮ܶ࣬ǰҲ·΢ʱ³̸֧֮ôҲʹͷ׼ı·
ҩȷʵŹ֣֪ҩ֮˭⣬Ϊʲôоһºһİ취
ǰԤ˱ɹֱܱӰ˱ɹҪðɣ
˵΢ʱ벻ͨˣҲ벻ͨϾ֮˭أ֮ǰǱȥˡ
Ϣ֪˭й¶ȥˣһʹˡ
̬ķԶҪأڲ֪жٸε˵ǣڵĿֻſ϶ǽһ˵ġ
ڲ̽룬Ҳܳ壬̬һķչ
õİ취ǰһʱ䣬Ϊڵʱǲġ
лǱô˵
΢ʱԴתһߣż˻򶨵ɫǱӦûʲôŶԡ
лӢʱûϵС壬ڿӦҲûʲô̫⣬Ȼ᲻֨ģŻæЩʱ򿴿ɡ
лӢʱʱֻȻҲЩġ
Ǽ˵Ⱦһһʲô飬Ҳ̫ңһЭͺá
½˵ˮΧʱʱжȥˣ
յҲã΢ʱͷǻ˸طˢֻֿ̳ʱûиڲϢй¶
ˢӣǰ漸¥˵Ԣ¥ҲûٷԣڿΣ
˱׷˼ʮ¥Ҳûٳػ
ˮ˵ﶼУ΢ʱʵ벻ͨڻҪȡʲô涼ѾˣҲûҪɡ
˵ҳ˿һƬհ׵ģƲ˻ҽҩ˾Ϊ˻ɳģȻҲųܡ
Ͼҽҩ˾ѾµĹ棬һҩ£Ҫǽ֮ǰµĲҩصġ
ڽ۰ϳΪƷ
¼˺ܶΣе
΢ʱǲҪˣȻ˼ҩѵǮıҪ
ĶΪʲôóⷢʲôƣ
һ壬νȨǮƶɹ̣ʲôʣ¡
ѵ˵Щ˾Ǳͬھ̬
˿ˮǾÿڸһѹⱾں˵ʲôҪǻʵ鷢ͱٷƲˣȻϲ㱬ĳš
һֱڽҴ賿΢ʱ˯һ·
ڿһⶼѾȥˣӦûʲôᷢˣ΢ʱ˰ڰ֣վ׼ԼķϢֻֻڰԳһˮһ»ʳӵ⡣
ߵſڵʱлӢֻȻӵл巢Ķš
һվˣоˡ
ŵĲУ̴˷ֻһ׼š
΢ʱץŴݹֻлϢ㣬ڹԢãҳ㡣
û˵ʲô⣬ֻǻôһ仰ǿ̳вơ
оźѾȫжˣǱ߸˺ܶ࣬л岢δ˳ҩ˾˶ţΪ֣ʲô鶼Ҫǰߡ
ڣȨǼеģԴͷϳΣл壬˭֧ŰΪ˷
ҽҩ˾ҲһֱڳŲס
лӢòУȫл˵ǡ
û취ԴУֻм˲ȷлǰȫġ
΢ʱоףһʰһԺл飬Ů˻Ժ֮󣬺ûгȥڱΣ
˵ڱΣ֪ôǻԺҪ̵ǰࡣ
ٷˣ͸ܶˡ
΢ʱŵ̶̼ʱ侭ô飬о֮ǰԺ·ϻҪࡣ
ྡ˸һ¥
ʰң¥׼ʱȨõģȥʱͨ裬ֻԢ¥ٻ
΢ʱɴؼһ飬һӾͰѼеĶԷһ֮ز
֮ǰĿռڷҲ˻˵ϼó
е׼ϳоڸϣһ·ϽֵȻЩ̫ƽصåӶû˰ԱĽֵʧȥļеĶⲻһ˲ͷš
лԱܿһײĳһβż٣оķ񱼶ȥ



77 ҵ
·ϻûʲô, ҶʵĴԼûг
һЩżײĳӣлһ·ϻǳͨľ͹ˡ
ƽСʱ·, ʮӾ͵ˣһɲ, ̥Ħ̶ļУÿ˵Ķᵽɤ, ŷ֣֮ͣ򿪳žͳ˳ȥ
ĳӸһЩоĴŽ, 澯ҳһƬ, ӵôǲס洫˳
΢ʱеγ³֮оöˡ
лӢվſڽΣоŽգſڵΧǽܸߣе, ǵ׸ôȥ
ҲǼңʲô˲ˣųҪȥ
΢ʱһק
УǸ绰, ٲϻд, ǽţûȥȵˡ
΢ʱº³̣˽İ취
лӢ, קһѲ侲ոЩˣó£ı˭żõԼһĶԷ
лҲȰ˵̣ҼǵоǲеͨǴǱ߽ȥ𣿡
лԵתķɿ죬źл嶼ûлӦĻӵ½ȥȷʵİ취
˲֪ΪһЩ֪Ȩġ
лӢ֮˶侲һһһĸԼеѶûʲôµġ
ã
Ǹл巢ȥϢԷûлӦ׼ȷ˵ϢתȦȥ
΢ʱ˶Խϵл壬豸ûзŻȥýҲһó
΢ʱԽǱ߲ûдӦ֪ûûнӵǲش
ʱʱдüԭͲƽĸ
ھֻһ취ˣߵͨо
ԽȥͻӵĶӣҽҩ˾Щ˻顣
οҲȫȫģܾڹ
΢ʱܳȥ죬֯ҲͲϽ
˲ŵͬʱû˲ŵѵ֯ݬ룬ġ
л廹̫ˣڽг⼸΢ʱҲ˽л磬лӢлԶһģӿ̳ģ¶ϲΪԼ۸
Ȩбףǻһ˲䱬˭ס
ллӢ߰ɣͨԿõģһС̾ȳġ
˷ֹӦ΢ʱлԣлӢȥͿ棬淢ʲô飬ٻ˿ԼӦ
жķɿ죬һ̾ûӰˡ
оͨĵصںԶĵط˰ղ׼ǵصоʣµҲ·ǡ
ڽһССҵȥĵص
ߵ·ܸɾӸֶּһȺصʵš
ɫĹʾﲢû˳룬л԰˰ſڵİť֤˺Ĥźһˡ
˽ȥֹˡ
ĵص޽ãĺܿԭΪоԱϮ޽ıǾлĸ֮󣬰ͨˣҲһС
Ԥϣлĸ˵ܵÿó
ܵխһܳﴩУ΢ʱžͿԱ߰ŵĹ߳лҲǵˣųٵĳǰȥ
о֮ǰѩﳵһģʰָо΢ʱķǿ죬ܺãҪչ˵ĻлӢ
ȫ˹֮ǰڹ·ս廹ûа
֮Ҳ˸ı䣬˶̥ͬһ㡣
΢ʱǰ濪·һ·ôͨĹˡ
ѾͨľͷһоҵźǰлûʲôĶѳһž֤ݿš
ܰһ򶷵ûУ΢ʱ̽һԴһƬڡ
˸ƣָָԴϵ̽յƣ˵ͷŴˡ
һƣǰɫĲӳһ˫˶۾Ķ΢ʱһץŰֲֵɿˡ
һˣлѾ󣬽ǰһŴˡ
Χƿƿ޹ޱͷƻεܰоű걾Ĵҡ
΢ʱһʼľܿӦʽ˵ı걾
Ͳоֹͨһлѱ걾ҷﻹ֮٣ȥطʱ뵽ﻹһ
ĵطиĿչӣǶڵذϣ˷һ
΢ʱ۲һᣬлӢҲ֮ŵߵſڣ¶رİе϶ˡ
ʱһͻԵرͻأڴĶԽ֨֨Ȼлڡ塭
źŲǺܺãӦǰװźǣ洫Ż
˵ˣϢҲ
ǶˣȻȫ֪
΢ʱܹ˵˼飬лشƴճľӡ
ƺң˶оǺ죬ӦлԣҲ̫֪
лӢüץŶԽڵص֪ˣĶ
һоѾĹ΢ʱûȥлҲǡ
ڽ֮һĨڣȫ֪
΢ʱɣȥ澿ʲôʱץһһʣô
лӢͷʾͬתͷлԣлԿһ΢ʱûб
ã߰ɣҴͷл󡣡
ãС鷳㿴ˣ
Ϣĳ˱걾ңǽߣȻ֪˿ǣЩľսġ
һ¥һ̱ǵѪζô˽ǸŷҲŵ
Ϻ˵ŰԱʬ壬һЩŰ״ӵоԱ
ڲаԱʬΪ࣬΢ʱôǵãЩ˶ѾˣΪʲôȻܳоԱԣܾˣ˫˫
һҽҩ˾ɫƷûпƹϵʬ壬ھĵģֻ滹ڴ򶷵
ûʱȥһ̽ٵҵ֮ǰڵλá
һ·ҽҵķŽţŻ϶š
һȦҲûҵл˵ġ
ʱҲöԽʻֻСĵͷҡ
ĴԽԽ¥ϵĶҲСʼնûҵл˵ҡ
лӢ˿ǻô죬ط
˶ڵ̨棬ſڵ˵ˣǹ첻ϣѪҰӵżᵯľս
΢ʱ֣ͼԷӼתðˡ
˰СʱзŻ϶ǳģûʲô˽ԣҹĵطǶҹˡ
ı걾ҲûŹм仹ԱѾɱۣ˵ľҪǿǹ
΢ʱͣлһһŵˣʾ֭˼ʲôطԶء
ǵøƺݣĶһôһĵģ
һʼǶطټ滹в˲ѹûⷽ롣
Σյĵطȫĵط
̧ͷöлԵĿ⣬ͬ˵ң
лӢЩãȻǸողȥǱ߸Ͳزˡ
΢ʱͷûǱ߻еݡ
лӢ΢΢۾˵Сڵ棿
΢ʱųܣ߰ɣȥ
˷ɿж˲٣˴򶷵ģط߻谵ע⵽ɫˣߵ˵ԣµݵ˲䣬Ŀˡ
ĵƹҲǰһƬ
һϤӰѪĸŵĶˣл塣



78 ԼҲɱ
л˿, Ȼ˾ͳǰ㵹
лһǰ˷ס
ŷ˲ᣬŸȫѪ·ǱѪȾʪһƬ
ɫ쳣Ĳ԰, 亹ܲʮֵ
΢ʱ, Ǳ˽л᲻
ӡǺǿ, 鶼࣬ǳڱ飬쵼Ҳܺܿ컯Ϊ, ɾǻԺеĺġ
ײ㻹ܳϷ, ˵쵼ǷǳģҲûڡ
˾ȻΪȨڲв
΢ʱĵһŭתһһ
еĵޱȣѪ
Ǽ˵һο΢ʱɱˣȫͬ
ûԥһ˼, ûô
صİ£ķ̱ıƣֻǶʹûƤˡ
΢ʱѸýĵط, ˵ð, ߣˡ
ûи˵Ļᣬŵ˳ȥ
˲Ҫλ, طֱǴս
΢ʱһʷӵ˼㣬ԴԴˡ
Ҳвע⵽Ķ˵Ķܿ죬к΢ʱߡ
лս˿ڣǲ̫ƶ
ŵ¥ƻȥлӢлǰ濪·
ڵĹɫƵһŨҵѪζֱǻ
΢ʱǰ棬ߵսǣͱлһק˻
ĺ⧲ײлԣһӵݡһǰǶֱߵǽ΢ʱŵĳһ亹ȥġ
о㲻ƾ棬ҲòõҽƾΡ
ס˺ڼǣ˺ܿûжʱ·
ӵŵ΢ʱŤͷһлǹվࡣ
˺
̫лʵֻǿһ˵ĸһ
лӢĵǰȴлһ£С壬ˡ
лŤͷ֣㣬ûʲôңҪȥ
лӢݸлȽӹѸһףϣϥȵİڳһơ
ǹͬʱлֱ۱ñֱûһ˿ζֻ˿ڱǣ̲סһ
ӦأлԺлѸٽ˴ӵϷ
ǰüģֱͦͦصڵϣѾ
΢ʱզ࣬ǹְǣлԵǹл彫ǹ˻ȥ˼ߡ
ֻĲԽԽε˿ڲϵ˺ţÿÿ붼ĥ
һ£ȥҩó
·һоңָŷһҩԹ˵ӣҩ
л֧Ųȥˣ˫ֽץлӢԼȥĿǰ״̬˵սˣû취˵ڻ߳ȥ
лӢҩԹвϵķңҵлҪĶ
˵ڲҩ˾ⶼѾΣʱˣҪػȶҩܻĻֻȺ˵ⶾסɡ
ֻôһᣬлѾˣˣϵ˿޷ϣҪ˿ڴӿһ㡣
ʧѪЩ־壬սûˡ
Ϊʷǳ˿Ѿˡ
΢ʱ֪߲ˣϵ˿ڲٱ
˱ҲУлԸɴཫ˴ᱧܴ󣬵лҲֲ̫ʱ䣬ϵ˿ӵİ֮£仺ţ֮ǰѾȫɥʧж
΢ʱڷﱩжʵܣװӱҳһ֮ǰѩĶûжȫˡ
ڿóм䣬ٲһȦͱһ׵ĵܡ
ĶǿӲˡ
ĿɿڴĿĹߣŸʲô˷ߡ
ʵڻл΢ʱҲûŹֱ굽˻ܵ棬л˻ɣҲ˲ôˣ߶ֳɵŲȫԼ
л¶һЦݣڵϳ΢ʱһĴָ
лӢոջЩ˵飬һӾͱˣмĿ΢ʱĵл֣֣Ѿͷȥô㣡
տлʱоԼĶҪˣ־弸˶˫ֲʹĲԼһƬհס
룬ҲһһߵʱԼ顣
лӢ˸׼ôˣǲһܹĳȥ
СûĹʲô΢ʱѣǿȰ˵Լͷ
һҪȥкܶܶʱ䣬Իȥ
Ҫȴȥ
̧ŵܣ΢ʱɱ¾ͷǰ塣
ڵϹʵ̫ˣֻˣлӦãҩָ֮һ˿ѪɫҲûʲôķӦ֡
΢ʱɱۣһʼǹû׼ȣֻܴٲǺһǹһ
˶Ķ˹ͷ˺ʣµİԱƴɱңоڻҳһ࣬˶Ͼ˼ˡ
ųȥﱻֻܻɱٲȻһ͵޳
΢ʱǰ棬ȾѪ·壬Ѿɱ˶ˣҲ˲£ڵ˵µı걾ң΢ʱһ׷ͨŴ򿪡
лȨԿڴ򶷵ʱʧˣŸͿˣ޷ųȥͨΨһĳڡ
֮ǰѶеİԱǵͨλãҳһлûָܹԼİΣҲЩ˾ʹ
ĽŲңܶ˴׷ҧл岻š
ЩǱضҪлˣв˶ﻢ£ɱɱое֪ˣȥ֮󶼻ᱻ㡣
Ƽ˾һپ٣һϵֻǲлȨ̫ԣǵ档
ɱõķʽƾһλƽȵϵӵο
ڼǰ۾ϵɫʮֵĲͷȺѾ㹻ʱ䣬Ϊʲô˰лȳȥ
վһԵ˳Ĭϵļݺݵĳ鶯һ£ȫû֮ǰлһ𾴣ƴӵӣɫֻǶĻел塣
ֶΣ߹ײ˲ҪˣƫƫҪ˸˵顣
綯ɣоḶֱ̌ӽշ٣ҲҲܻ
˺Цһصؿϣ㻹ĺҲȥľ޻ˣŶѾʵҪ˵ϲȤ
Ȼһ˲ЩԾʣɣ治ǻǵ𣿡
ֻ΢΢Ĳþ۾бˣ걾ܸõĲ鿴ʵ˵ڶ顣
ͷȥϵ𾪣ǡ
˳лʶģǿ۾ż˵Ķ
΢ʱǰ棬һ˿õԤУлڳ֮ûͣƴǰ
лڿտȵڻ죬ķŽգ˵ֻҪûûʲô̫Σա
вĸоǿңһ㣬ٿһ㣬50׾ܹȥˣ΢ʱ϶ͣŷȻŵһʮζ



79 Ƿ
ζоʮֵϤ, ԭûΣյʱΣ޿ײ롣
ȺǲǷˣȻľ޻ųѵǲֲ֪﾿ж
΢ʱķɿ, ޼£֮ǰڳϵʱȻŵľ޻ζ, ǱϾֻξĵطû, ȫ֪ľ޻
ŵĵһʱͺ˱ˡ
ﳵܲܶ࣬һζ͸оԴκ, Ʈƶһ, ˵״̬Ҳ̫ãлѾ˹ȥ
֪ʧѪ࣬ľ޻ԭ
ǵÿˣһ󶯾Ѿ˴ˡ
΢ʱлӢŵܣлȥǰ濪š
ʵڱﲻסһ, ˲оת
ѵЩˣľ޻
ڵлЩҲűľ޻ζŨʵ̫ˡ
ûа취״ֻ̬ܷµŤߵˮܵߡ
ĽŲ, ׷״̬ҲʮֵĲá
˵׷, ˵ԾȣƴܹȻʶѾˣıܻѰ·
΢ʱϵĹܵ, ק˵ǰߡ
жлԴ̳֮ͨ
΢ʱŬҪҪ
һ漴̾΢ʱ˼
ϾζէһŵǺԵġ
ķ΢ʱһоͷԺܶˣ΢ʱõлȥ
Ҳ𲽱ƽǹʶĳ΢ʱ߿һǹ
ӵձ߻˲о˲١
΢ʱʶڵĺţӦܵʱƽԼõķȻһﲻá
лԵϣסͣͷһ˲ǰתֱεˡ
΢ʱо˽˼ϣ˶һЩûιȥлԱӵҷļȥ˲ͷѪ
ƺһȴϵҲһЩ΢ʱܺãħ̫ˣеĳ̶ȱ˶Ҫ
˿Ѿʡˡ
˰ӣȥ֮лӢҲǿȥлԵף侲ɨļˡ
ȷ΢ʱȫ֮ڳװУ˨ǹһǳɣ鼸ǹ֮󣬵Ͼֻʣ˼ʬ塣
Ÿּܣϵʹѡ
ͨľǳ׸˹ܺͻе΢ʱ̧ȥ
оյӳˡ
뿪ľ޻ǵķΧ˻ĸоźת΢ʱڳϣΪԼ֮ǰسǵ·ϡ
ͷʹһǰ㿴壬лڵϣɫ֮ǰÿһЩûҽҲ֪ôл˿ڣֻΧ߶ſ
΢ʱԱߵһƿˮһȥ𽥳
ͷʵν㣬û°ɣ
΢ʱ˰֣û£лأ
鿴һȦڣôСһطûлԵӰ
ǰ濪ųͳ½ڸʻ˾Χлߡ
лӢֱָָߣںɱأҽ䡣
΢ʱǽȥŲЩģ˸ͷû뵽ЩôɥĲԼ˶Ź
ǵùؼʱ̣лƺסıӣš
ŮҲֻùˣŮùϵؼʱ̻ܾԼһġ
΢ʱţҵҽơ
Ļû˵꣬Ϳл̧Ÿ첲ӣͽָԼļƺˣҧű촽ЩƺǱһϵĶһϵĽݺһֱյ˿ϡ
һëƺʪ⣬ƽ￴ʮ䵭һ˿޴룬΢ʱٵĽŹϣһ˫ֲ֪á
ô޷Ŀ˿ƿôˣô˵
лŴû˵ȴ߳Ѫֻסڶ岻΢ʱ
û£ˡ
΢ʱһļֿһŵüͷ
ôû£Ҽǵ֮ǰж˳һֻӻ𣿷ˣ
л˵΢ʱȥ򿪵ҽԱм֧˳ҩ
ӣлԵļһֱѪԲʲôˣһ֧ȰѪֹס˵
л˵ĲᣬֻʣһлӢڻţһµ
΢ʱҩǰŵͦڰգлԾʹ֪ڿҩǿ
΢ʱʶһֻˣһֻ˿ڣû취ҩ
Σһֽ̧Լ͵лԵĴߣͷ΢ʱֺȥ޳Ĳ޷չǰ
΢ʱרעȫûע⵽Ŀ⣬ֲȥ촽翪ҩ
лԺҰŵɴ𿪣´һ˿ڣȻĶǺǱлԼҪöˣϸĽļ
ǵҸҽϵ˿ڲСǻиȾ׵ķգԸҩɣ֮ȥ´
΢ʱҽºϣлԽϵ·´ãһ˫۽Ķææ˿и
Ҫæʱ΢ʱһѰסʲôҪУ߰ɽȥ
лԹ˹֪ôֱչ˵ĸоͺ֮ǰѩһ
΢ʱǰ棬ҽ˽ǸԤһ°ɣ˿𣿡
оľ޻ζҩһõúãܴãЩҲǲˣˡ
лӢ˿ϵ·Ҳ˵ĵطһƬѪģûʲô󶴣Ӧ֮ǰҩá
΢ʱͷһۣлʵλϣֽת˻
лӢˮݺݵĲϵᡣ
崴о۵ûš
΢ʱлӢļ򣺡û£
ߴŹ⣬΢ʱСĵĵͷմ˵Ƶ޻л˿СĵĲš
ܿ콫˿ڶɾˡ
л岻̫Ųֻ˿ڴɴҩ࣬˿ڶ
лûûдʲôٵڳѪȻҲ͵ȲԮˡ
˵˿ڣһλϡ
ȻǰţЩף֮ǰһ˹Ԣ˰ѸõĶֿһװ
ǰ󲻹Сʱʱ䣬ھͳûץл֮ǰЩǾԲưոݵġ
ǾԲطôֹҽҩ˾Щҵл塣
Ȼһ飬Ҳȥˣзӵ߽ڽ΢ʱĶ䳳졣
˻΢ʱһϣԼһϢλãлӢų˶һϼʱûҪȥֻܾķ򿪡
΢ʱڳϱĿһۼˣϱ˿ҲЩʹ
ڼϢƣͣ۾һϣϵͳ𣺡ϲԭľ飬ա
΢ʱһû۾Ѿܾûнµľϴνԭľ黹ڳ⣬½ʱ
ʱһζһˣҲ£ʱоÿ춼
ѵѶô
΢ʱ㿪ԭľ飬Ľڵ
Ƽ˾ֽߣԭҩҪںһЩʱŻᶫ·ǸʱѾˣ󲿷ֵİԱۻģʹҩ
ĳһʱ㼯б֮లԱ˹ȻҲһЩԱֵܡ
΢ʱȫͬģжԴ˵Ľ෢ԺͲȷԺܶ࣬Ҳǳ£ֻǸʴС⡣
ЩһӶֻһͨˣЩȴѣߣûܹѳɹľͻɹ
ֻǽһֿԹ̻ǰ̼ЩԱֻ
л巢ֵʱѾˣʱƼ˾Ҳ͸Ժеڲ
Ȩ˺ԶӰ֮¡
лʱɱȨŮʧȥ֮ſʼ𣬿չľ顣
ⶼʲôʲô
΢ʱۿһۣڵϵл壬˾ȻôˣάŻԺеתôˡ
ԭӦ·ϾлӢлԱĹ¼ҹˡ
ΪʲôҪŮ
л԰ıϥڵϣڵϵл塣
΢ʱó԰̶ûиġ
߲֪ǳʲôһһĨɱ֮󣬲ſʼдǿ
лԱͲҪһʲôļͥŻǿ壬ʮֵǿ
ĳɳǷһ٣
΢ʱĬĬţѾ鿴һһ飬̫ˣĳֺͼ֣Щ޹ǲǶ
һʼ΢ʱֻǰﵱ磬ɾô࣬ЩͳΪѣеһܸܵõ˵һȫʵ硣
ҲѭеĽ֣Щ˾ӦûţúõĻš
ǶڱлʱˣǵŮڸʱϣĿ⣬ҲӦӦЩ÷ε
Ťͷ⣬ǿųŤͷĿԣ¶һЦݣ֡
ʻỹſǵèͬһк
΢ʱԭģڻҪȵһ²ܽ
һµ棬ȴѡڿˣֻ֮ǰĻֺ͵߻Ҫȫ㣬һѾԿǷ룬ֻһΣĻҽ޷ȷĴҲ޷硣
΢ʱԥѡ񣺡ϵͳҪһδرãѾҵĻ顣



80 Ůľǰ
΢ʱԭԴ˵̬Ǽ֮֮, źܺãеȶҲ, ļǺˡ
ȻбĻ˼ҲѾˡ
ҪǣȻֲô, ƾԼŬѾˡ
΢ʱԼ״ǱȽ, ŮܴԺ޷Ůľ飬ôȥطΪ㡣
˵, ҲֻһСڻҶ, ܹһΣÿζˡ
˹֪֮ϵͳĻ֮ƺǿһ£Ҳϲʽڻҵļȶˣ¿˾ߡ
΢ʱûиоʲôͬĵط, ǰУ㻹𣿻˵ȥһǱߣ
ϵͳһͨˣѡϵͳ磬ǰĹӰ졣
΢ʱȻ, ǰĹ, ûɣȻˣϵͳ˼ƺܹʱ, ΢ʱԴʣʵǲߣ߲ˣ
ϵͳ
Ĭ
˵ǲߣ߲ˣ
ϵͳ߲ˡ
΢ʱ´βҪ˵ˣ֪ģҲϲЩеûģʵʵ˵ҪҶ֪𣿡
ϵͳõġ
΢ʱϵͳص˫۾
лƺǺ䣬ִ˶˶Щ˲Ʋߡ
ȫԶĳͨ
лûʧЧǰˢȨ޳ȥˡ
лӢϼڻԺûбȦ£뺣߱ȽϽ
ȻڣܱߵҲвٵڣֻȳڸΣһЩ˾ҲǿһЩ
Ѿҳһ࣬лǱɣֻȳǱܱܷͷ֮ٻȥ
˵ʵԭڣѾˣ΢ʱ֪ηչ
Щ󲻳лܹλȥϾĶڹͷ˶Ѿˣʣµ˲ñһɢɳ𣬸˼Ȩһ㲻ãһһ˿ˣĵêʧ֧ŵܿ
΢ʱͷлû˵ںܰʲôһ·ĵл嶼ûۣ΢ʱǲˡ
лĶӣӦûǻŵġ
еģˢֻźźܲˢҲˢʲô
ֻ洦ȴолһֱڿԼÿ̧ͷʱ򣬶Էǻ
΢ʱüڲ֪ڼ֮󿪿ʵôˣʲô𣿡
лҡҡͷʵһأֱܹԼˡ
˶ӣûп˵΢ʱЩ
ͷһл壬ֽ̧ͷϵĲס۾
Щˣս֮ܿԼҲĥ
л֪Լϵܣ˳־ʹӿռȡһѾϴõˮŵлԵߡ
ִӿռȡһʳͰݵлӢļʻǱߣǰţ΢ʱлԵߡ
ûж΢ʱһŲݮлԵ԰ɡ
л΢΢۾ЩĶȻ˵졣
˵΢ʱʱЩ·ˣƽʱԼǴһըë״̬ȻϿʲôʱ̽ţһ˿һķɡ
ݮ֮ǰСƳˢģƷʺܸߣһֱʡųţƽʱǷʲô飬΢ʱǲôԼġ
лԵлܾ⻰Щ˵ڣɴཫԡ
֮ǰΪʲôǶң
û뵽΢ʱûпڣ˵ȴлԡ
ŲӵֲͣȻĻصûа
𣿡
лԺȻ￿˿΢ʱʶķӦ˲λϵ
лµ˻ȥ¶һЦݡ
΢ʱӦڶԼ˲ӣ˻ȥðɣֻǲ̫ó˽ʡ
˵̧꣬ͷͿǵĳˣĽè֡
΢ʱ¶һЩӲЦݣǰĵ·խǵĳȥˡ
лԣȷʵҲƽʡ
΢ʱ
Դ̫ԣ㲻Ҳûа취˶ܿ
Ͳɣֻ֮ǰѣ΢ʱͼ֮Ĺϵ
Ǹ֮ǰĲǹ㡣
лЩ֣ǰ˵飬ȴһ̸ֱţ΢ʱӡУлһǸˣһֱ׷ʵʱ
΢ʱתͷԷѰ˼ǲԼոնϵͳ̬̫춾ıӦϣƲˡ
лԸоԴиͷͣҪ΢ʱʡ
ǲǺң
΢ʱһ£ܱǸ֮ǰΪָܣֻǸʶһȷʵһܺõĿ֣ڲˡ
лתЩʣȫûǱ˵ƣɫȾһ㵭ۣƤһ㣬ŶҲ͸ˡ
𣿡
΢ʱһ˿ԾлԵ״̬֣ĵһ˿ĸоûмлԡ
ôˣ㲻𣿡
΢ʱеˮҪȥҽ¶ȼƣлһ֮߬΢ʱоЩʹˣʮֵḶ́ȵ޷ӡ
شң𣿡
ɤЩƣƽȵȫһһ˫ǴʵβĿ
΢ʱȻһ˲ʮֵĿƺֻһѰ𰸵Ŀˣǵģȷ֣ȥø¶ȼơ
лԲûĿ£קס΢ʱ
΢ʱȻ뵽֮ǰľ飬һҪ飬ȻЩԱ䣬ҲܣΪʲôлԲԣ
ĽڵлʱŮľѣôڵǰ֮лȻıԼĽ֣лԵķչûиı䡣
ڵ趨ԲлԳΪһͨˣľҲǰˣڣ
΢ʱ֮ǰգ˶յԺͲ֪Լڸʲô
лȻҲ״Ҫ΢ʱҪ࣬ȻѾܹţǿѡ
΢ʱӿռȡһлԵĶͷϡ
㷢ˣڵܲãſңȥҽ䡣
ֻܾϸĶл˵һ̼仯ĸ졣
лȴִҡͷȫûҪɿֵ˼΢ʱΣֻվڿռѰҩ
ֹ̺ܼ尾΢ʱʱһ죬еҩȻãǾѰܹлһķ
л̧ͷ㲻׼ߣһ𡣡
΢ʱսȭͷԼҪ
һ룬ڵϵлˡ
ϵĲ֧˻ģ
һлβȣۼۣҪ㵹΢ʱæ£סл塣
û°ɣ㣿
΢ʱµ˲䣬оϵּӴˣ΢ʱ˻һתͷлԣû£𼤶
лɫ԰׵Ŀ˱Ťƣ΢ʱ˶Ť˹Ȼȫܷлȴץ֣˿ûɿ˼΢ʱȴھ
лüСԣôˣ֣û𣿡
лԺΪǵǸƺˣ˽һӰоһ˲ŻһѪ
-----------------------
л˵κдܻ޸ģҷ޸ˣβµĿһ



81 Ůһ
˶, ΢ʱͷԣ˲лƽ֮վ
лô£ôѪ, ǵõʱԼûľôֵлȫһ, ѵÿ˵ĳ̶ȶͬ
ȥզˣ
΢ʱʶĽϣˡ
ڵϵл壺
һ¾лԹ̵΢ʱʱ˻, ˣ𣿡
л崹оȥ, ʵ޷֧Լ壺ôˣûа취
֮еĴ, ΢ʱǰȥǽϵİťһŽл߽˼ʻҡ
һԱߺХܿͱлͷĿѣһα۾
лӢһۣлû£ڳ, ר־Ŀ
лץ΢ʱһɣֱӽյû͸
΢ʱǰڣԺϵͳôˣ
лԵ֮ǰȫһ, 侲Գ, ʱ̶ӣ΢ʱ֪ôˡ
ϵͳû⵽Ů쳣𼱣ҽ鿴
˵Ҳû, лԺ棬ߵһ˫Ķˡ
˺֮Ĳôʱڴ϶˹ֵŮû£ͽѹ
΢ʱݺݵлԵļҪѳŬһҲ޼¡
ʵڻа취ܹѣƱػ˺лԡ
΢ʱûа취ɴлԵϣһʵơ
΢ʱûзлŷһЩͷ΢ʱļϣӻ粻壬ֻһ뷨΢ʱ뿪ƺǰִִڴ˿޵ķŴȫѹֲסԼıܣֻԼ˲Żһ㡣
΢ʱоЩ죬ǰûкκһ׽ȻѩǴβ㣬ʲôܺõĻ䡣
ҲѰɣֱҪĸо֣ͬ
ûʲôԣֻǵҪԼ˵ֻҪһ㣿
л׼ȷĽгԼ֣Ȼ֪ԼҪʲô΢ʱЩͷԣŮڸ
˿һᣬϵͳ٣ûҵһξ飬ľУûжŮд㻹ûн
֪ģľ󲿷ֶǺ֪ģȵŻչ¶˵ǽָ˵¶ľܹİ΢ʱ˽ĸſ
΢ʱˣȲи⣬ûشһ£Ҫ
ϵͳ˵
΢ʱĵ֮ܿǰˢİʱ𣿡
ϵͳĬһᣬƺڵȡϣеģһŮcpġ
֪ӵѰ죬ȫ޷һǣҲ˵Ůûܹǣˣ΢ʱѾԹܣھֻôɺţ
΢ʱʪë˲ֽϵı̵΢ʱˣô֡
΢ʱԼոձ߬ͨҧгݵĸлԽ£ҵлԣûʲôԲɣΪʲôҪһֱҲţ
΢ʱָϸļãȻ΢ʱЩ˼ջ֡
Ҳˣ־˼ƽʲô
ϵͳĵ˵ڲܴ̼һ̼һȫı䣬ŮɹɾͲˡ
΢ʱЦˣϵͳʱȻЦ
֪ˣѾˣȻܸı𣿡
˵㶼ȶˣⱾľı䣬ӦҲ£Ͼôԭȥ˶
΢ʱ˼˵Ҽǵ֮ǰнģǲ˽ҵĻֵֺôξ˵Ľûˡ
ϵͳһ˲ƻˣĬһһͳ֮ӡ
˵
ϵͳϲֽѵˣա
΢ʱٴЦˣϵͳʱ򣬷ôвˡ
лյûƢ»֮ʼ˼ǲǸղŵҩҲһϵ֪Ͳιˡ
㱼䣬лԸоԼܿʣǱա
ˮ
΢ʱӿռóһƿĿ֣°͹
΢ʱʱûôõĴãðˣЩһ㶼֪
ȡ
΢ʱóʪëлԽ¡
лյĻ̣΢ʱоѾΣյʱˣ˼˿ɫģһ˫۾˺Ѫ˿ϵҲи
΢ʱܹл忿λϣԽԽ
΢ʱ֮ǰϵͳ˵ĻܲĻɹɣ
ۿˣ΢ʱ׼лӢӺȻһ΢ʱоǱһ£һڶը
ϳĽһĻңĹ˲Ͱ
лӢԼӿ˳٣΢ʱڳһģˤڵϡ
ڶѵɢһأ˸ոлŵĵط
΢ʱոսлˣȻ֪ڱҵ˾лˡ
ȫûиʱȥˡ
΢ʱȶΣæ⿴ȥ澹Ȼ˼װ׳ڿڻð̣ڳǷ䵯ҩ벻̫Զܹ֮ú
ǳڵ׷ͣ϶ʵֻѹеĲл
ԽﴫлӢСΣץ÷֣׷ˡ
΢ʱ̫ķӦһ͵ļ٣΢ʱֻץŰȫлԹ̶λϡ
ʱ޷лԵлӢˣʱԲܷģȻľͲֹһˡ
лԵɫȴѿϵĳȥɫ𽥱Щ԰
ʶҲ𽥵ģԭȫͣޱ飬ֱĿ΢ʱ
΢ʱĻëɴֵסлԵ۾
ֵ̧˲䣬ͱлˣлԵĺ٣ߵĺٵ¡
һһмǲųġ
װ˷ϵͳ˦ܼˡ
΢ʱ˲ʶҲһִ̼ѸסлԵĶ䣬ͼһ
лԵ״̬ۿɼήȥ΢ʱԽԽõԤС
лԣסҾҲȥסϾ͵ˡ
޳ָٴס΢ʱ󣺡е͸
΢ʱһЩ԰׵촽˵һ£ûƿ
һ·յĶ̫ˣͲ֪ûĶڿռһȦûֽ֮⿪ϵİȫȥԱߵҽ䡣
лԵĺļ٣ƺЩ
΢ʱҽ䣬ҪлԵ֣Ͼͺãһ¡
һɴ˲ɷ˵һֻȵĴ촽ϡ
΢ʱһ˲оӿըˣݺһлԣһ˦ϡ



82 ̼ʧ
ҵķ˿Ĳ, ǵѪŲ԰׵һ㣬Ųۡ
΢ʱ, ȻžΪ˵˼, ǲѾյӲˣԲŻ顣
ʵںƽ̫һˡ
лԳ˹ȥ, ΢ʱʵĻںͷϲȥҲ²µ, Ҳֻ, ôͲ˼ƽϣ
͵˿ڰɡ
΢ʱλϣϵðȫл˹ȶΣԽԽץлԵһŸоһЩ
ڵǵҩȴС, һ˦βĳʧˡ
лӢţɽ·ϲŹȥ
ʮֵĴ󵨣м΢ʱΪҪȥˡ
·, оյĴϳ֮, ǰҰͱÿ
ԶһЩӣĻӦѾطˣֱлӢ˵, ŵĲŷ
Ȼǵطˣ˽ϼң麣һС塣
ߵɽͿԿ棬ԺкܴСʤĺԶûȦˡ
ѡŵصʱ򣬴ѡĴׯ˿ܶȺСӴˡ
ԴӸºͼ֮ߵ˿𽥱ö
ʱȣûʲô棬ҲΪǽڻ
лҵϷڰɽϣÿһ϶ЩԶݲŻסһԲʲôŵ⡣
һ·ûпʲôˡ
лӢȥƴʱʹãлֻعլĵַҲûб¼˵ǱȽϰȫĵط
˵լװ޲лǰʱլۡһߵıɽҰ֮䣬Χ޽Ļͦãľܸߴ󣬵ס˷ӣǿһߡ
ƽӦдģͣݺõͣλУ΢ʱΪԼȼٵġ
˷׷˳ᶫİᶫ̧˵̧ˡ
лӢһţŷлԵ
ôˣ
Щ޴룬л黹ûйܺãлֳ״ֻ֮жûЩ飬һ˸㲻Щ顣
лӢһŬԼ侲е鶼ҪԼˣԲڹؼʱ̵ӡ
ˣ֮ǰһˣٹ۲һ
΢ʱûаѻ˵̫֪лŮ飬Ҳûа취лӢ˵ֻܾİοſġ
Ϳǽл˴̧˽ȥķȣϵˣֻ˵ǳһ㡣
ˮǴӵģԺҲˮһ㻹ǲȱġ
ƬɽҲлҵģһЩ߲ˣֻ궼Щķˣû֪ô΢ʱܳԵĶһЩɡ
˳˶÷ֹ֮󣬳½㸺չл壬æŴɨӺͰʡ
˶лԵ״ʾģ΢ʱ֮ǰʲôӣҲʮ֪ڰﲻʲôæ;Լ֮á
΢ʱлԵߣʲô⡣
һ죬ڻû˯ֻܰŵűͷٹһᡣ
л԰ڴϣɫɲ԰ף΢ʱ֪ܵʲô̼ΪʲôͻȻͱˡ
һеĴֻелֻ֪ܾ䡣
΢ʱó˵ռʳһ߳һ߶лԡ
һ˫۾һĿĺһֱȵϣ˶æˣŽ
ɫ𽥰ﴫһ˿ˬĸоǰ¶ȣӦѾܴϱˡ
ﻹǱʤأлӢ˵ﶬůʮֵʣƴͻˡ
ĴׯҲֻһôˮ߲ʳֲģôҵõ
Ƿǳġ
˸΢ʱ˷ȻһЩ˻ǲһڵ¶Ⱦͻֻܿ¹߽
Сôˣ𣿡
л廹ԴϢ˵úأȻû֮ǣ¶µء
ֻлӢˣıںڰпܹܵĵǡ
΢ʱصѾˣǻûѣȷʵҪһЩʱ䣬ӦѾûˡ
˵ʱҲӦˣѾ˯һˣʱƺֻ˼ʧû״
΢ʱЩ飬ϹģлԵİӡ֪лǱεģԼ⡣
ǰ˿Ҫι㶫ܲܳȥ
˾鲻л̧һЩͼԵ㶫лؽգˮʲôȲȥ
Ҳֻգл·ƽ
СΣ۲ۣɣ
ư̵ǵĿǼ˻ã˰һЩʰһ·䣬ûиʲôػ۵ĻҪ΢ʱлӢлӢʱץʱϢһ΢ʱһֱֵڣӦۼˡ
΢ʱ˰֣ˣһУǹٻˣȥϢɡ
ֻҪͣ΢ʱ͸о˼ûʲô쳣ŷ뿪
΢ʱڷڵɳϣлԣֹСʱĺƽ΢ʱ˴ļ򣺡𣿡
û˻ش΢ʱƣԵ㶫ϴһĵĶ
ĺܸɬĶΪý΢ʱû
ȡռڵֵͲžһˣл
ϵƺǲӦô۵Ĺߣ۾ֵ̧סӦ˺һų
һãȻĿ΢ʱôˣģǲǻڳ𣿡
΢ʱӣҪ˵ڵĻں䣬ôлʲôǵˣ
ǵõʱԼûڼ䷢飬Ȼ޷룬֪ġ
ôлȫ˸ӣѵ֮ǰ̼̫ˣĴԲ˼Σ
΢ʱʵĻ̽˶ô˵ʲôǿԼ
΢ʱץסӣлԵȴҲûʲôı飬ȶ֮ǰӱ޶¡
ץһʵôˣ
΢ʱ
˼һ˲ſлԵӣûʲôڳϵʱˣ֮ǰһûоﲻ
лҡҡͷʹ΢ʱץסȴûгȥǿƲסҪܾ΢ʱƺ֮ǰһˣѵǳϷʲôԼĹ
΢ʱͳ֣Ե㶫ɣȥѴҽн
ƺ˵ЩʲôҪߵĹ΢ʱʳһҲƵĳ˷š
¥Է˸ķ䲢Զ΢ʱһһ֪ˡ
лû£Ƿ׷ӿȥ
΢ʱظһûˣһ΢ʱ͸оһϮ
żʰķ䣬΢ʱһкͻطϢˡ
һ죬ϴһ£ڴϾͲʡˡ
лԸоʮֵãȫûб֮ǰӰ죬ϵҲ϶ˡ
´ߵлķȥС̻û˯Ҳ˿
лԺϵСദģʽͬˣ£ǹһлƣĿʵЩǲ峵Ϸʲô飬ôģ
л廹·Ϸʲôһһʮ˵ˣŶû£Ѿ׷˦ˣ㵱ʱտɰŻˣûϵСαأؼʱ̻ܶ¡



83 أǣ
С, Сԣ𣿡
лŻعϲԾĴЦݣӶлո˵Ļ, ΢ʱԼ
ȫǵˣȵʱʶģ, ˵лԻǲЦ
, Ȼأ
лŹֵĿʲôȻҺιȥ, ֪ʲô, ôˣ㲻ǵ𣿡
лЩʧϻǸƵӣЦݣŶңе벻ˣС̣úϢ, ˡ
ˣҵˮߣСԣ
л, лƮĳ, ߵ΢ʱķǰþûж
оƣһɨգ˶ò񻰣رʡ
΢ʱ˿Ѿڷ˯, ȫ֪Ķ
Ҳ֪лԾſվ˶á
˶һ죬ȻΧûʲô豸ǱΧΧһȦΧǽïܵľڵ֪ߵ˸Ҳ
ĳҲûȺܼĵط࣬еĺЧӦ˶˹ȥ˻̤СطϾҲûʲôʳ
΢ʱһѾ糿ˣɹ䶼ɹụ̀Ǳѵġ
Ȼ糿̫Ѿˡ
΢ʱһ𴲾ͰѴϣķϴһϴһСƳ鿴
ǰ춼ǰæ֮нСƳˢµƷ˷Žؿ⣬ûüϸ鿴
ͽÿԲ鿴ջʲôϽѾûпˡ
СƳƷ*12
װҶ48g*24һ
ޱů˯*2
ůֱ*1
;68*1
ɴ*3
Һ*1
ˮ5*5
100kg*10
ѹװ*1
Ӱ*1
㶹Ӱ*1
̶Ӱ*1
Щʲô
΢ʱԴʺţоûʲôõϵѽֻд׺ɴһˮϡ
ʲôֳɵƷ΢ʱҲȱЩͷԣ˵ϵͳǲûõĶġ
ǰҲˢĶ΢ʱûеһ£Ϊ󲿷ֶõģҲ̫˵ɣ
ɴϵͳָôˢЩˣ
ϵͳûлػֻǽЩϵͳڷűպá
΢ʱʲʲôҲͲ˵ˣϴȥѾĳ緹ˣǶܻչˣǺͽͶ࣬һû
΢ʱûнǵĴ㣬˯һҲͦõģӾˣ˯һ˷ʱ䡣
緹Ǽ̰С࣬ûе磬õԭʼĲ
ڱװ޵ʱлΪ˺ÿŪһ¯Ҳˡ
̲˳룬Ÿоˣ֪Ϊʲô֮ĵĺܿ죬Ǻ׾͸о
лҲ˸磬¥̷׷׸к
СԣԷˡ
лʵĶ£Լ˵ʱûǹĸоѰڼСһ㣬˵ʲôлԾʲôʮֵĹԡ
΢ʱӿϵٶȣݺݵĹһࡣ
лҲԵĲھƵģֱ΢ʱǺˣͣ
ߣ½ƺǿԵüΪܶһ
΢ʱֱ֣л˵漸СɽͷǼǲвˣȥ
лӢ˵Сΰɽɽͷ̫ûʲôͷǻȥҿɣˣǰû˻ˡ
΢ʱ˵ͷõģȥûʲôԲɻ
ż˵ǲģ춼ҪŲһЩʳģǴĶ࣬һֱźɽգûкĲŻسǣֱӵ
΢ʱԵıһлӢһʲôУܶʵù߶ûڸ·ʱ򶪵ȫ˺ԺҲ΢ʱڻ
Һһȥ
лԸߵ˺Ժһ΢ʱܾǿϵӡЩ˼ûн˵ڡ
лӢСͷҲãСԣСι䣬·㻹ɣ
лԵ˵ͷ߶ŽԼı
̸˯ϢȰźл壬СݰѼ￴á
ǶֻڰԳˣ֪ö˻ִܷĵľܰѼ齻
Сݿķ㣬ľïܵĵطֱǻص˿ϼҡ
һ֮󣬴һţлӢ͵˱ɽͷָָĺлϵԷ
˵˵ͷҵɽͷȥ
ƻƽҲûкôߴľ΢ʱĶҸлԵǰһƬ͵ľɫǰ¹꣬ϳ˲ٵҰˡ
Щ΢ʱʶǴ󲿷Щ̫
лһᣬһƬ͵ġݵءǰͣóļݸͷʼ
΢ʱˣоһƬҰݣһʱЩ޴룬л˵ˣһƬǣȥռ
΢ʱŶʼˣɫľһƬһȥһѲ˾ͼˣǰʱ䲻룬ܿ죬һƬأлѾˣߵǰ
æվߵ΢ʱߣһƬˣƽĳڵϣϵãСʱڵĽְ
˶һۣͿʼɻڲԽԽɣȫû֮ǰǵĸоǰʵʵջ
һƬͿʲôʶĶˣϻоާһľɣ΢ʱ֪ܲܳԣһţŤͷлԡ
ɻһڲһ߳ͷԳԣһɡ
΢ʱõ˿϶ʼˣջĿֻعĸоȫ֮ǰԱġ
΢ʱӱ£ս˿ռ棬һЩõõĹߣʲôóֱ̫ˣϷ
ſռԽԽҰˣоޱȵĸˡ
һƬȻǲ˵أдƬ³㶹磬΢ʱܿ죬һһأû⣬оͦõġ
ʵҺܾöûгԹˣ֮ǰڱʳͷҲ࣬۸񰺹˶ֱӳԵֻܳȡ
΢ʱҰ֮뵽һ㣬Ŀռкܶ⣬ôóʹһأ
֮ǰóԶʳûʲôڴҶǹѵˣѵҲҪ֮ǰһ
ʲôˣԼԣ˳ԲϣǸоܣǼ̣һֱܺá
΢ʱϵЦʧˣЩ硣
ĳЩµĶлԺȻһץס΢ʱŻ񣬿ǰɫ㶹һںڵĿ
һסлԵ˼
ܵв߼ûнһĶܿŤ֮ˡ
ʲô
лüʵͷ΢ʱ֣һʱûɿ˼ֲԾĹһ˿Цݡ
Σս΢ʱ뵽˸ոյ⣺ҵĿռкܶ⣬óһԣ֪ⲻһ׵£ҸôԴ
΢ʱһ˫ǳͫãȻĿԵĻҲ̫Уܲ˵ǴһͷһͷţɣҲ̫ˡ
лԣ˵ԭ򡣡
ʲô
лԣ˵ԭ򣬴ұ˴֮䶼ΣӦû˻ٸʵףÿ϶Լܡ
΢ʱ΢΢죬Ҫ˵ЩʲôоȻʣȷʵ˵ԭദôã˿ǣ˶ǰٷְٵΡ
Ҳʮֵļ򵥣ֻҪèúãȫں飬ܴ⣬ûûΣദʱ̫ˣٹһЩ΢ʱҲ
΢ʱͨˣȷʵôڣ֮ǰ٣˶û˵ʲôûжκεĻɡ
ΣĻ飬Ը硣
ðɣ˵еԹȫһģ㣬ܽԼеܺͱ̹𣿡
ɿлԵ֣ЩڵĴ˴ꡣ
ƺûпǹлԵ⣬İֱӺ㣬лԿ΢΢ƺ˼Ļ
ûܣ֪ʲôҿȫ㡣
Щ죬һ˫۾ҲѩЦݣƺȲҪʲô
΢ʱֲõԤУתߣҶԱ˵˽ûȤҺл㺰һؼҳԷˣСֶŮ߰ɡ
лԣ
-----------------------
л˵ƻѵģдĺܰģϲıղһ
ŮŮôHEˡİ£
ҶһۣȻԼһעĶŮ䡣ŮǴĽ㡣
趨Ǳļǧ𣬴С÷ǻʵǧΪͷѪݣΪ˱ڽ£ѵ³
Ҷ͵ػ̧۱㿴¿Ľ㡪˿̶ԷûϻأһģĿһԼЩ޴оֻûƵϸ롣

㴩Ҷǵ˼Ŀ䵽ԼϡջߣԷʲôݺԼķӡ
ƿţȻԤһ㣬һ룬ȻһסۣҶԽӡԷۣܵʪ͸Ȧڻ
㱾Ϊֻһ⣬ǾԽԽˣݸ飬Ī
ԼŮ¹Ӳضһտ֣
µǣ㷢ҶֻȻƬ
˵һըˣʲôǴ鵽ᵽȥˣ

ԽԽ˳ۡ÷䵭İˡڶԷֻǸǧƾʲôҸɫ
ֱĳ죬ײơ
ƽҶ棬ʵҶ棬ǲǡϲң
ԭأͫ׵ҵײʲôܣ



84 
ʲô
лԵ, ΢ʱûлͷвŻͷأԹԵǰ, ˳㽫Ұ׼á
֮СǾͲҪͶιˣһͰԼԷ㶨ˡ
еСҲŷŷ, ѾܾûнӴȻˣ֮ǰ·, ӹˣƷһҲˡ
磬˶, ΢ʱлԱ˻ˡ
һ·׷Ҹ, û˵΢ʱ״̬ͦõģлҲ˵Щеûģӵɡ
ʶлԻǻ֮ǰڳϵĳЩȻЩ֡
Զֵزǵǰѡ
Ҳ½Ļˣûеʱ֪ʱ䣬ʽĻеܹõȷʱ, ֱϷܶ࣬һ飬ҲõĹʱûлؼһҪ˳ȥҡ
΢ʱϵı¨£һ, »һ廨, һЩϣպϡ
̹ȻûжЩٸʵף΢ʱ²ֻ̨΢΢һ˲, ЦŽˡ
л˵ÿ˶ԼܣҵƷʾǲҿ˵ܣ˲˵ľͲʡ
ԭ΢ʱôˣ̶ܳ󣬳ܹԤ֪Σգһռ䴢ƺҲûô档
΢ʱܹĽĿռﶼЩȫûʵ߲ˣлҵĸܸռ䲹ЩʳɽҰеʱժ
Ǹϰ߶ڻˣ֮ǰ֪Щãں޲óȥ߲ȫո
뻹ǵȳ극ٳŰɣ̫ȣһ¾ȥʹڷ油Ȱʱٳոһ㶫
Ĳ˸պùʮ˳ԣҪ֮Сݺȫ˳ȥ
һж΢ʱ̫ܰҲ˳ӹϵ磬ݶɹһɹ̫תĵܲҪײҪϵ磬ֽ䶼̨յһ¥Ĵˡ
ϵʱ򻹿˯ҹҲڻᱻѣʵ̫ˣ϶ǿƲסϲ
ΧڿԲ׼̻ԣǺͽὫл¥ϰ״̬һ㣬ɴһֲܶ״̬
˿ȻѾˣǻڻָڣлʧѪ࣬ɫЩ԰ףʱҪһЩܿٵĻָ
⿿ؿ϶ǲеģЩͷȫûӪ֮ͨлҲܸųϿںõġ
̬ȸͨлӢ˺ǴŹǣлҲʾģʳ͵ߣſھͳ£ȻЩˡ
лӢһĴָ⼸ӪȵͶԼˣԵʵڡ
΢ʱҲŷԲͣû˵ϣղѣ֮ǰֻ῾⣬ùӲˢͷŽռ棬濾ҲԲϣһ·Ϲǳʳͼ򵥷㣬ڰԼĽָ֮󣬼̼ȫϴĻҲǹϺˡ
һǴŹǣ⣬Ϻϲ֮ǰ㣬˸ز˺͸ҲڹţͳԲ
֮ǰЩ־еʳζ̶Ȳ֪˼Ρ
ȵǼڶѾһգ˳ԣ뷹Ĳ졣
̵û˵Ҵܿʼ͹ųԲˣһ̶ûͣ
Ȼ¶ˣܹԵķˣֱ͸һ
΢ʱڿĴɳϣҲܵûˣӻҲϣ֮ǰڻԺеʱûֻ¶Ӱֻûʱ俴Һܾû֣Ҳʲô˿̶Χڵӻǰһ龰硣
ë׵СҲˣǸϲˬĸоʵĶ΢ʱߣǰһˮһרĲӲųԡ
΢ʱܰˮҲˣʮ⡣
һᣬ׼ʰΪϳ׼Ҳл̧ȥҪ¥ϲٻһ˿ڡ
ҾҪͶ¿һʱټĿֻʣ΢ʱлˡ
Ĵɳɳ۽ǵ⿴лԵĶ
֪Ϊʲôദʱ΢ʱǾԼɲˣȻԷҲûʲôǸоЩ֡
лԵŮ֮ǰ˻͹ϵĻᣬһжϷһĻˡ
лԹǽڷָ˲ˣϴЩ鷳ܴһЩҲû̫࣬΢ʱоζǲģͦóԵģЩ鷳
ЪţлԵͷǲͣò˵ڳУǸܺõСʮֵĶֵҲԹԡ
΢ʱŶоЩ˼ˣ˿֣뻹ǽռЩó
ҰȻܺóԣϲЩѰĲˡ
ʪëӷѿȴ΢ʱ˳
ûôֹˣȻлĳʶǴһһĨڵ
лֻǿһۣʪֲ˲Ȼߵ棬͸
ɡ
΢ʱë˽ȥлָë۵ƽֹһˮȥ
Ҫˮ𣿡
΢ʱӦһЩᣬҪҪлԣԷͽëӶ˹ȥǽëʪȻֽһһŰ˽ȥ
ϸµĹ΢ʱԭЩҲ˲
¥ϻһЩӪҺȻٸ˷ãǸЩֲӦûʲô⡣
΢ʱ˵ͷ뵽֮ǰľ޻ıֲ᲻ܵⷽӰ죿
֮ǰ·ǰǶιϣһֲֵҪˡ
˵ľܵҽҩ˾Ӱ죬ôıֲôأ
л˼һᣬشȷҪ˵ȫûӰ죬ҲǲܵģϾԺôֲ﷢䣬صƵʸ߶ˡ
΢ʱ˵ͷðɣȥӪҺɣιЩҲǺ¡
ʡǮˣ΢ʱʾ֭ȥֲӦôˡ
лԵͷЩȻĴ࣬΢ʱ˲ʶ֮ǰлˡ
վɣֱ۵û°ɣһЩ𣿡
ϾҲΪ˾ܵˣ΢ʱôҲ޷һ㡣
лתЦЦ΢ʱʶĺһܾôתƺԤı
·͵һ㣬΢ʱЩԾ֮ǰʶ
лԣһЩˣллĹģ̡
ֵ˵Щҧгݵĸо
΢ʱǿһ΢Ц⻰˵ģлл֮ǰңⲻӦõ𣿡
л΢΢һЦÿɷ񣺡ǰ룬ȷʵӦý㰢̣ܲ˱ְɡ
΢ʱܾл˵ֺϣͷŶԷµ֣˼Լ֮ǰ˵ǲ̫һЩȷʵԼҲûʲôֵ顣
ѾлԵˣ̬ȶٺһЩɡ
΢ʱЦøһЩû£ȻͲ࣬Ժúչġ
΢ʱŬһӣԼŮǰ¶ӡ
лϵЦݸȻˣõģ֪ˣȻˣΪҪĺǻҲӦõİɣ
΢ʱЩҲסֻܼѵĵͷ
ǰڵõ϶֮һǰס΢ʱ˶סˣֻɤ˵鷳ˣԺָ̡
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л˵ддţΪҪ
ԭĲŸտʼ



85 Ѿܾúܾ
΢ʱԱ, ¥ˣлզʵ췴ǿֲ
¥ԼӪҺ, ӪҺڳڵʱĺܹ󣬶Ѿʳ۸, һ֧кǿ, ҲӪʳ֮˭Щ
һյֵλ, ΢ʱ;ȵĲ, һ֮󣬾ͺѻصǰ
΢ʱԼҲģӣԲίԼ
ռﻹкܶõĶûаڳĶﶼУûʲôóıҪ
Ь¥ۼлѾӶں, ƺӪҺ֮ˮ߲ӦܳøһЩ
Ҳܶ࣬Ŀǰʱûжֵ뷨, ͵ȵһ߲˳ˡ
֪ϵͳƷ, ΢ʱЩڴ
˳׼طͦģлʱҲûҪȥ뷨˵Ǳ˸ϳ, ڵ۸ӣƼ˾һԪˣɥ
ȻҲܹԺеľ񣬵ֻаԼòٻȥս
лԼ뷨˽֮󣬴ҷ׷ͬʵ΢ʱ̫θˣûйΪ뷨ܺԼѾŬˡ
ֻҪһ뵽ڱϣԼģͶһƬ˶᲻Ȥˡ
˽ģû˵ҲлˣܹѴҵǰ棬Ժһʼ֪ڻʲôӡ
Щݺͻ϶ʧһûиһȵãûԼ׾ͱ˼
΢ʱһŪӣһԺĶԭĵľ飬ло֮󣬺ϾûгˣлҲ֮ܡ
ڷǰδеıԭ֮вûô챻ԺڳӵӰأڵ˿ڼĳɣס֮ԭӵĳҲࡣ
длӵܺΪֹ沢ûἰлԵܾʲô
΢ʱЩͷԣҲ̫ʲˣôҪľ飬Ȼڵһʱдѵÿ߶Ҫɵ
Ҳȥлԣտʼ仯ʱԼҲ֪ܾʲô
лҲһĽ׶Σ΢ʱ㾲䡣
˻ϢˣһȫʱСݺͶڳ֮ͳˡ
ǵèֱĳһֱŲ֣ȥĶţèҲϲһֱƨɺ
ȵҪŵʱ򣬶Ż
΢ʱñ׼ţ¶ûôˡ
ĵ컹ģԺеһֱϵ߰˵Ż᳹׺׼ȥɽͷ䣬ʲôǡ
̫֮ܰҲóûźŵֻѾغõĵͼǣҲֻû硣
ع·ߵı֮ǰ죬˼̵Ĵ·΢ʱܹ˽⵽ľ
ﳣûзչŴǰӣ̵ļҸòǺԶϼҳǻ϶û˻ؼҿˡ
һ·ϸ½Ϸ֣Ǵһ·ÿһط˵һš
߹ĵطϣ佥Ժ֮С
զǵ֮ǰСϪţ˭ˮˣ
ѽôɲݵˣֱӴɡ
½˹ĻһŲȥһ˶ˮһ͵Ĳݿȥǲݵһ㣬ȫ֪ˮ
½Ѹ˽ţϵĿʪһƬЦ
С꣬զϲԣСʱҲôˮ
½ЦЦתһѰҲק

ʱ̫һ¾ͽ˵Ŀɹˡ
һ·ϳ½㶼²ĺ΢ʱ;ЩʲôżܿʧѾ˵Ϸӣмİ
½ļرãƿˣ˵Ƿذ΢ʱˣǧҪ澿ʲôЩᣬĹڼҸһʼܿԵıʶЩسû˼ݣҲͿԭˡ
΢ʱʾ֪ʵߵ̫Ȥ
ǰУʲô֪һ㣬ֲũ֪ûʲôûԵصµĶȫûȤ
һ··߶ˡ
½лӢļһϾĶСΪû˾סԺӿЩΣգѾΣ¥ˡ
лլάʱҲ˳½ҳݣɨһ±棬Ժܿ
ֻǰĵضѾˣǳƬˮ½㸸ĸڵʱȽϲŪЩİߺҲûнЩߣɻԭλá
΢ʱһ۾Ϳ˼Ѿ˹âֻԺеĳֲ
ǰ·߶âĳԶԲ꣬ʳʼȱ֮·ߵֹͱժˡ
߻ʣࡣ
ȻϵĹҲ˲٣µĻǺܶࡣ
ٿȥӣԺʯҲ١
½ͷΪϲ˵һΪЩˣϾ궼ûлҼǵüﻹѣСʱ򰮳ԣҰ߻˼Ʒģر𡣡
˵СֱֱԶС¡
С꣬Ǻܾûлˡ
лӢ§ļģ˷ߵСԺ˹ˣȻǴǰӣǰľɫȴʮֵİ
ǼٳŴƴǱؼңĸʾѾǺңԶˣֻб˴˻ҡ
Ҳͣһһ죬п־壬ûûݣûûСлңյʱ־ˣһ˵룬صϼҵĸоۡ
ܾԸĸԽٽָоǿҡ
԰裬ƽ硣
СʱȤ滺ķʽɼȴûôˡ
ָоûЩãԼĹ;뵽Լǰ̱ȫһоˡ
ԭķΧ΢ʱţܸܵ½ıˡ
ǰʱǰЩ˵ͣ˵ʹֻƮƮӹȫϡ
ڰ統ʵ֮󣬾͸ое鶼һˡ
ֻ޹ؽҪСɫʵЩҲзḻǰЩǼٵġ
ֻдߵµҶЩ˺úûžǵڶεĿʼ
С꣬£Ƕڣһµ飬ˣе˶ǡ
Ԭ䲻Ŀڣлٵһÿ˵Ļз
½һļЦЩԬ˵Ůġ
΢ʱżߵСǰʯЩۼˣ˰Ӳݡ
ذһ޻ֻһźܴƤ޻ʵСϲժ£͸¶һ˿ۣĽ֪ˡ
һȥС棬Źʵ촽ĹһޱȵĿɬ¡
΢ʱͷ˿Ĺϵڣ30ǰϷˣҲ˵뿪ӣСӻҪˡ
޷ͥĸܣֻñģۿƺʲôҪˡ



86 ĵͿ
һջķ, ΢ʱΧһƬˣ˽һƬɽԭĵòֲķֲ
󲿷ũѾû˸ָ֣ԭе̬
Ӳ, дƬҰҰС
ֻҪ⣬ǵʳʱѾȱˡ
΢ʱߵɽͷӦ, ֻˣûҵ
뺣ߺܽ, ʵҲԵĶȥߵҲǸѡ
΢ʱ֮ǰľ飬֪еΣղ, ʱǲȥġ
, ΢ʱ˹¶һ㲻˽⣬Ҳûʲô
ϴҰڻĲϴˢɾ·űķźá
пյǰ£ô¶ţһҲûйϵ
΢ʱ£лԸСź, ȻǴʱǲ֪羿ʲôҲ̫С
Ҳ΢ʱˣչл֮࣬ڼó˿˴
΢ʱһֱڳԻ, ĺܿ, ϳһ뷹ֳһЩлӢʳŬ̻
ڼ̵Ŭ£ҵһЩֵʳ, ϵҽеľ
ȫƷ˳ˣ߳Ա׷磬Ƕȼ١
Ա֮󣬴Ҷ׼ϢˣŸɻ
лԻûл΢ʱ˯ţſڵ
СڣҵǲܹܲһϾСݿ֣Դࡣ
һƬ΢ʱſڴ߿űԴĳӣû뵽ô˼ĵطҲӡ
һЩвֵСͶӣôſڴںӡ
кȻаɫ˿߻΢ʱΪԼۣûп壬۾һ
һ¾վȻˣСݺлԻ档
Сͷûеط꣬˻˵ҪǶ˿ô죿
׼ţһžͿСʵʵĶſڣŬʪë׵壬һ˫޹Ĵ۾΢ʱ˫ȻĴ令ϥǰ
΢ʱʱ˿ûзлԵӰأСôˣأ
С쳤첲ɽķָָһбͨɽ͵ɽźڵλá
΢ʱʱˣ𣿡
Сݵ˵ͷ΢ʱ֣СݵԴˣȽȥȥȹԹԻؼңһ
׷̽ԴˣСǲûɡ
΢ʱ˵ͷû£ȥȻͻ
ɽ·޵ͦȫģ¶ҲߣСģˮһ㡣
΢ʱɴഩ£һɡͳˡ
ɽܿлֵͲζĹԴڼţԼȥȥͻء
ЩȵǱȰʱҪöˣƽһ⣬ϵĸоû¯ôȡ
һ·15Ӿ͵¶΢ʱлڵĹԴԽԽûôζˡ
΢ʱ߽˲ŷ֣ƺרעĿʲô
ϵ첢ڣ¹ܿԶĺɫ沨ԣǸȾһ˪ľɫȷʵЩ
лҲ￴ôðɣ
ͷϴŶң·챻ʪˣ΢ʱɡµݸʵʲôôԣ
±ĶһأлԻζһеֵͲֵͲĹⲢûյ棬ֻںԶĵطͷɢˣɴϣһ˲Ĺ˵۾Ӧĸо
㿴ǱߣǲЩ֣
΢ʱ˳ָķ򿴹ȥԭӦǳɫĺƺһӰ
Ǳɳ̲ɫĵطҪһЩƬӰۿɼٶԽԽ󣬲ϵĳϱƽ
ƺʲôˣ٣ʲôз֮𣿡
ҹ߳ûĶӦûͦģһƬһɳ̲Ҳпأ΢ʱʵ벻ʲôںҹ֡
֮ܲǰħɣ
̫ԶˣЩ壬ΣԤ𣿡
΢ʱҡҡͷûУʲôоûС
ûƣ֪֮ǰԤ֪ôЧ
ϾûдԤ֪ӦǲΣġ
վ濴ĶþûŲӰٶڼ˰Ҳû֪澿ʲô
Ҫȥ΢ʱɴ˵
лҡҡͷûҪôΣһֱɢƾ˵Ҳ赲ˡ
΢ʱѸתؼң߰ɣؼ׼ȷδȻ
лŸһ·ɱ˷ӡ
һžͰ˶еĶŲس棬ʱ׼뿪
Ƕ࣬ʰܿ죬лҪȥҲȥкܶѰǵټֻܴﾲ䣬ľʲô
һֱȵҹҲûʲô˼ʻϵˣ˶Ѿ˯£΢ʱĿĶŵںбϡ
ʵûʲôЩһֱţϷ
¹ߵһߣССɽͷϣ΢ʱΧһмˡ
ֱһССĺӰȻſڵߵϡ
ƺǴϻģ˳ˮһ·һŤڵϲͣǰš
ŤСôСſڡ
΢ʱٸֵͲ˵ŤĺӰϹͣǿ׷סˣڹߵ£һҶ
ȻȺһСһ˲͵ײ˳ӵǰϡ
΢ʱſЩŤ㾿ʲôһԳһڸжʮֵСɣǿŶζһСʱȽϰԵС㣬Ϳ㡣
һڽ棬ǻԺ߱Ƚز۸񲢲ˣ΢ʱٵĽ˳ϵˣѣжˡ
һ͸ǿˣͿҲŵĴҴܡ
ӵǰ˲䲼࣬߶
ڸ״֮󣬴ҶһߵĺӰĻͲˡ
ֵֻǣǴĺúõģΪʲôҪأ
ڹ۲ûΣ֮󣬴÷ˮװ׷³ʼ㡣
ߵĵͿ㲻ܼ£ҲץЩСûʲôԣֻһŤ壬ƽǲܲ죬Ҳᱻס޻֮һлӢͳŸЩ㶼ץ
ȫǷյϲãȫû˸ոյǳ
ڵϢлҲԾԾԣͿĺܼܿ죬ֺܶ࣬װ˼Ͱһֱæϡ
ڼС겢ûͣһֱ浽ϡ
ѾˣЩͶС⣬һҹȥȻûʲô鷢
΢ʱŵĲûж£ӵľˣɳ̲߾ʲôЩ㷭ɽԽ
ƿץļˣ£·Ѿˮȫסˣȫûôߣ΢ʱץסԱߵˣȶŻȥ
㡰Ρĺۼ
ɳ̲ʮ˱ιЩۼ⣬Ҳʲôֵĵط
лҲ鿴Ȼ΢ʱһ뷨
˶һۣͬ˵ȥ



87 о
һ·, ͿȴףǵС˵Ƚס
뺣ߺԶ, ΢ʱһ·СĵţЬѾŢˡ
ʪĺЮˮ΢ʱ, ϵˮǰ
²еͿ㾭, ϣžžવǼ, ûǰȻ, ֱײģûܿǡ
صľ׮ΧţƺǸֳ
һƬ̲ζǺܺţһϺõĳζ˵Ӧζ
ܿ΢ʱͷɳζ̲رдƬƬ, ƺǲã¶ȼӾǵĸÿеζóţŻ
΢ʱоԼٴľһЩ, Ҫɳζζˡ
վϻŲζ, ȫɽµסˡ
ͿлһЩзܲĺݣΧһƬطǳʪ󣬲ûб̫ɡ
оģִЩ, ΢ʱ뵽Ժ֮ǰе³ϵĸо
ֵ̽Ͳڽ£ȷ˽ŵЩŤĶĳ֮һ
㶼ҪЩӰˣʵ̫ˡ
΢ʱ뵽Ǹ棬ĺòЬʱһ
ֵͲĹһζ淭һɫġһӾץס΢ʱܲͬѰ
̶¹۲죬ǳƬģ˦˦ţһ³ֵϸİףɳ̲ϵıһ㣬ɢһ
ȫûпеħĶӣ΢ʱһ֦ͱͱеԣûн֦
΢ʱվԻڳǰߣ׼鿴̲лɽµķ񱼡
ΧĵͿĸˣ΢ʱһȵһ̲˵ϣлһѣѸվǰ񱼡
ô˾ʲôˣ
лԱܱʣ΢ʱΪǨĲлԻܵø졣
桭ж
Ǳһ˵ģ˲ųȥʮףµؾʹ˲һ޴ˮ
΢ʱͷһۣһɾ˳Ϯһˮ̶ˮ΢ʱһͷĵˮӾڴǰһСʲô
ոպߵ˳ﻹԶôתۼ͵ǰˣһС͵ĺХһ㣬ʱ죬ûǺ
ȴ밶˻ȥԽǰˮͽԽԶ
ϵĵҲϣں˷һ˲ˣֵںˮкҵķš
΢ʱǿ۾оʲôסĽţǳı˶ϵԨ
лԲûбΣקס΢ʱ֣˱һ𳯺ӿȥ
ֵͲ£һ˫ڰ׷һ۾Ŀ
һֻ޴ƽֱֻ۴СȫͬǼʮ΢ʱô΢ʱ޷۲жһۿȥ֫չûоͷһ㣬һĿ־ס
Ĺ˴ѹȸױȵģס΢ʱоԼĽŶ챻ˡ
˶ֻȻлԵץĸˣ΢ʱоûбԵѾȱˡ
ȻǵͿ㱩ԭе￴ֻ϶ֻͷɡ
΢ʱȻôڽģӴҪѹǿȫһ˵ҲͲԶˡ
Ǻ֮ǰħһĹֻƺûħôߵ̣еΪʳߵıܣԣ˿Ѿ֣س΢ʱſڶҪʳǻ֮С
΢ʱһһͷĸоץҲֻץѣлţҲ޼£ѵڻҵ޷ѣ
ѾµƪˣΪʲôµ־
΢ʱģпץס㡣
Ⲣ֮ǰʷķһи΢ʱ˼֮󣬾Ȼ漣ؽжˡ
ֻжϵ㻹ץĽ󣬻ûߣһֻҲ˹һץסĽš
΢ʱЩĿԽԽľ룬𽥸ܵϢںоҵ˶ˮ棬ֱһ֣ûбԵܿҲˮ
ԺеϵͳȻ˵֮ǰħǱ߻õĺݻûгɣ
΢ʱ˲侪ѣŵֳһźݣҲܺˮݺݵĿһڣһʱ̿ζɳӳ˿ǻ
΢ʱлԵҲһţлϣûоܾʡ˲
ݾ׽¶ǵ˲䣬͸оˮĸоֻصϣһ˲䣬ĺҲͨ
ٴο㣬һԶһЩ
ԭ΢ʱ˫۾ȻЩãȻƺںѰʲôֱԹˣԭһȦ֮󣬼Ѹٵźսǻһ˳ȥǱ֮С
΢ʱлѾȫֲ巽ˣֻʶĳȥڰߵĺˮȥ֮Ѹٵ˻ȥ
ЩǱĹſڵϣڵĴ˿ͣɽ±߼ȥ
΢ʱվȴֽһĵۣȫվˡ
𾪵ĿԼĽţ֮ǰĻָôǿôڱһ¾Ͳˡ
лԼں棬ɷ˵Ľ˱ɽ³ȥ
΢ʱ˿Ҳܲôˣ§סĲӣ֮Զط
ˮóзĵǣҲǳѬ졣
ͿÿһƬλãлԱ΢ʱһ·ܲ˵ǰ塣
Żʱһʱͳ¶ȷûΣ֮Ž˷ڵϣڵĴϱˮʪǱˡ
Сϸո䲻ʵĸоŻȥֱǾһڼԤ֪ûЧ
΢ʱ˫ֳŵأ۵ĲУɴֱˣе˿ν۾΢ʱ𽥱ˮˢɾ
ϢһŻ΢ʱоҲ֪лԵĲվ
̲ߵӰɣֻ󲿷ֵĵͿ㶼ظϣ˳»ȥû˸ոռȵĸо
е꽥СҲָ׵ĺˮɫҹΪһ壬ֻһ»ڿţյòԣûиոһĶǵĴĻһĻ
΢ʱԺһֱ۾ֲ̫ˣԭΪĵطȻôֲĶ
΢ʱ룬ӦòһΪʲôطôãûʲôˣú̲Ѳ˸ϵ
ȡʳԴף˭뵽ɳ̲֮ôһȻеΣնС
ҵպڣռˮݣȻɱ˹ûĿܡ
΢ʱһ滹һƬӦǲ뺣ģֻҪȥ˾Ͳʲô顣
ֻһƬˮǶ̤ˣĹͲܹ򵹵ģ˶ܣûбİ취
лԲ΢ʱʵû°ɣ
΢ʱҡҡͷ߰ɣȻȥ



88 ҽл
˻ص˱, ˿΢ʱлǱӣϵЦ˲ʧˡ
յϲõȻ޴棺ôˣСΣĽǲˣô£
Ҫȥ, ں˾һƬ̲Ϳǹ
˽ոշ̵ĸ˽һ, ֱǲеҡ
֮ǰħµĺݣǸͲӳ, ΢ʱѾ㸹ˡ
ⲢһͷһֱŮһΣնˡ
취Ǳϵͬʱ, лԶһЩ, Ȼȥɥ
΢ʱԡϴ˸裬Ϥԡ¶ζڱǼɢŽԼֿ־аγһ㡣
ϴͷʱұ۾һ۾͸оΧޱߵĺڰ֮У˫ڰ׷۾ͻȻĳԼ͵Ϯ
ָоʮֵĲ, ǳҪ
ϴ裬Ҳ˶壬Ŀ־岻ͣӣӦԶһ, ΢ʱҲˮˡ
ˮĹ½ϵĹҪ¶, ˮ౾ͺƣħĺݣûбֶΡ
ؼʱΣԤ֪ҲûЧ, ΢ʱһͨһ²⣬һ¼ھ֮ģȫΣԤ
΢ʱͷͷôͻɵúܿ죬ˮͷŪЩɬĨ˵㾫ͣͷͬʱʼ鿴ϵͳ塣
ϵͳ״γһδ΢ʱĸһ㣬㿪δɵ񣺻ɱ0/1

΢ʱϵͳδе̫ˣĺ޻ֻ֮޴ҲûþȫϷŪƵģһèƶﲶԵĸо
ǶȤζĽʳþƣȻһڳԵ
΢ʱԼǸŪĿʳܣȻǰǺ޻֮
ϵͳǹҲòϣˮԼһܹõ壬õʱûٳľٶֱӽݳ˱ܹԵĴڣ˳
΢ʱԺӵСĽҲĴˣﲻٺ棬ҪһŲ
ϵͳ֪뷨֮ʾ޳ɣҲľսģǳʱĳ֮󣬿΢ʱоյĻʮֵο
΢ʱһûһţϯϴŵȣͷȻɣڼĸоã֪ȥ˻ûм̿ԸԼԣȷʵòˡ
һҹ΢ʱ˼˯˹ȥû¥ڼůҲȥյ
ǿźСлҹɣڵڶˣȻźŻʱʱģǱ֮ǰȫûҪϺܶࡣ
ڶ죬Ѿȫˣ̫ƿÿһˣˣÿֲﶼЩͣƺ¶̫ߵԵʣʧȥȤ
ֻڿյһЩ״̬ȽϺһЩô߲أ
ȻұȽֲ֣״̬˲һǰ㣬ֲҲûȫӦ¶ȡ
΢ʱ¥ʱ󷹣лϵ˲ûпһЩõƣӦû֮ǰû˿ڷϵԵʡ
ҽΪ㣬Ǽ˶ʲôϣһЩС˿ûʲô⣬רҵ飬ȫɲˡ
΢ʱֻǿһۣ˿ڵã۵лѣ޷֮ǰôģȻһûпԡ
Ѿˣȫ
ڵİ취ֻһȥҸҽΪһ˿ڣϣڶǼҩĲ٣µĻڱš
һְ취͵ڶְ취ķ൱һǺױһûȵ׷ɱͿܱˡ
Ͼ֮ǰڻܵĶز٣ָʲôʱͻٽֵˡ
취ɱҲܲôˣˣȥֻĽ֡
лӢһƽĸιŷ˰ιųţ΢ʱһлӢץӵջߡ
ϿƵᣬʵѾѹĲˡ
ֻǲлӵĵĶѡ
˶¶Էûк侲Ĵе顣
΢ʱĳţһʱߣӼټһըѺУǳζһͣŸоԼЩˡ
һҩѾ׼õģϡ
лӢƺ뵽ʲô˵Ҽǵã֮ǰС÷ҽԺǲǣûиǳȥС֮꣬ǰ˵ϵ𣿡
½æĵͷŶԣ֮ˣûʱϢسǣӦղʲôϢɣҪȥǱ𣿡
лӢͦ࣬Ҳʶǣʱ飬ôһֱϵŹϵҲû֡
ǻ֮ǰԺеѶ֪һ֮ϵĶһϢЩ˲ڻԺеΧ֮УźŲõʱ򣬸ϵ
÷ɾûϵѣڼ˻ǵסֻɻҽȥһλˡ
֮󣬼˽л˴̧˳¼̻пǺͽڼ
½ų˽ڵĶ°գ˳÷ҿȥ
һ·ҲелӱߵĻȥӲûһֻ֣߬΢ʱŬȶΣ߳ĵ·¿˴·ϡ
΢ʱ΢΢ǵǰôĳ׷ģϣǷɾ裬ҪֵطҲ
һ·ΧķҲ΢ʱĶŴ⣬·ͻȻܳһǿڡ
оգһ·ϲûʲô˵·һ㳵ûУ˳ǵĳҲûʲôӦ
˴𽥿س֮Уİ·ܿ΢ʱֻص˳еĸоֻĽֵϲûгôӵտյģƺûʲô˳ϵĵҲǹرյģûӪҵˣҲûˡ
ŷӴԼʻһСʱ΢ʱͿ·ߵҽԺ
ҽԺĴŽţͲջˣ֪ڻûҽԱ湤Ҳ̫ҽȥ±¶١
лӢСעĿһ·ϻûʲôע⵽ǣȻԺиӵһЩʱһ㲻ټЩӣǲˡ
ĳӻڵٺܶ࣬żҲܿһЩڲ棬еϵĽЩɫĲȲ׽
ӦΪʳõģ֮ǰѾΪʳóˣ⿷Щ֣Щ˳ԲߣԿ˷ϰЩʵûóԣֻԶ˷ֲҲʮֵζ
ԲƳɵʳѾСΧˣ΢ʱһõĸо
֪˭ģȷʵЧسУȵٵġ
ڳӹսһС֮УЩϾɣĴƵģƺûʲô˾סֻܿЩ۾ڳ⿴
עҲû취
ܲܽл̧ɣעĿˡ
΢ʱջߣͣһɫķǰⶰӿΧĺһЩҲµԽ
½³ţϵ÷ɣֻϣڼҡ
һᣬڴһ˭
½̻صСɣڼСꡣ
˳ĬһᣬŽɵʵģСɣ
½㣺ǵģ㿴֪ˡ
һ¥ϵĴȻˣһ˴Ӵ̽Դ½˼˿ӡ
Ůϲĳ½֣Ȼ溰裬ţǳ°̣



89 
֨һ, һ־ϲ
÷ǰһѱס˳½㣬˽ӵĲ޳
һΪǲ, ֮ǰϵϣ˵ţ̽ԺŴ, лӢ
СػذлӢ÷ɵԺС
СԺǽ, ſڵĲձƽʱҲùǳоĵķˡ
÷ֻʣŮ, ɷӢ, Ůһ͸÷գĸŮ˽лӢӭš
ڵĳܼ򵥣Ҳȣһ޴һ͸оˣȵ˴
÷ĸŮϰһ, ͷϺˮ乣Ҳû̫ı顣
½˼򵥵Ľһ΢ʱܿ⡣
Сɣмæ
÷Щƣҡе, ˵ͷʵ, ֻҪ˵ܰϣҾһ
лӢʵȵĲУ˳ϣϻˬ, յûйأʼάһȽ¶ȡ
ĸŮͬʱ˿Ϊˬеϲѡ
ֻһͿڵϵл壬÷ɶüʵС壬ôţôˣ
лӢ̾˿ŵ·æһ˿ڵģ̫ãСɣ㻹ҽþ𣿡
÷ɼҿνһƶϴտյģȻ죬ȫ߱ҽ
÷ɿл˿˻һ⵹ǲѴҵ豸ҽԺ棬֮ǰݷƸҲûѶ
Ȼǲһҽе£֮ǰ΢ʱȥִʱûռ˳еֻҪ϶ʹá
ĿռҲлľƾҩֻҪӦöС
û£ûϵֻҪȥУ֮ǰЩûá
΢ʱʱڽȼü֮лӢмĿһۣͷ÷˵ȷʵǣСɲǸǻȥҲã
˶ƼݣȻеĴѾȫˣ÷Ÿѵ촽û˵
æǿԵģǸǻȥŮԼΪѵĸϾҪĶɲ١
þûлػ½ΪʲôǣǺþûˣСɣõĻʲôǵȷҪһҽ
ֱӰѻ˵÷ɵۿѸٻˮŮ֣ԭĿ𽥱ϣӯ
дڵĺˮҲˣ֮ǰˮͿˡ
֪һжлĹͣİΧľǰֹӦȫˡ
ŮֻʣˮܿҪˡ
ʱлӢһˣ˵лȫе̣ûл壬룬ˡ
ܿ죬ͻ֪ʧȥĺˡ
÷ɽ˵֮ǰĴ̵˵һ飬ʾԸǻȥڽݼ򵥵ʰһ°͸ǰȥס
΢ʱӣҲܲ뵽ᷢʲô
ûлϣԺȻǿ֧һʱ䣬ܿͻӭĵˡ
λϣϵðȫĸŮ˳
лţƺЩգ԰׵Ⱦһ˿ۺ죬ϵ֢ӦǺˣҪĶ
ƽݵȫһ˿ɿ侲쵼ˣҲдһһ档
˵Ķ֮࣬ǰҲгߵĴ㣬ѶѾһˣԺܿʰˣӷң˾ϳˡ
лӢȥܴǲصˣԸҲùš
ӸչչţȻһɲ΢ʱһ˹ȥûȣסлĵܣŲڵҲһζ
ӺƺſżˣŵлӢɲ
΢ʱü⿪ȫ濴ȥмŮپôſڳӺ棬ʲôԥЧȽϺãȫ˵ʲôģģĳţЩĿǱ΢ʱ˸ȫ
лҲվӲ߸˳
ʵôȥ÷ǼңأһˮɣǼҵˮҪûˡ
Ϊ׵촽ƤΪӦǷƵġ
΢ʱ˲ûŲȫſڡ
ǵĳӳȥˣҪǳȥҪЩ˶ײС
÷Ҳˣڽ͵ⲻʵĳӣֻǿߵģǿ߿ɣʳġ
Щֵɵǰ賶ˣʳǰͲˣڳˣǹƨ쵼ǷˣҪߣǲУȻɡ
סǵ׼ȷ˵ˣһʮĶſڣǵĳӲͣûãˣٹһжˣսپȽϺã΢ʱôŻһʱ׼֡
ֻ÷ɻ˵ĵȰôˣҸʱ䣬Ų˵ȥأ磬һðɣھôǣҪЩɢɡ
ЦһŵĿ˿³ˣûҪÿ˼ƺƶ˽ǱµʲôС
лӢҲӳЩ˵ĻšüͷʶģαأҲ붯֣ǸϽÿ
⻰Ѿ˺ˣЩʶȤĻھӦÿߡ
һֻŭĹ˲ըëˣĿݺݵ˵ҵ˭лӢڳ쵼ܹܵЩˣиٵ˲ǲǾлӲ;ȼˣģ̥жˣҿ˭ߣ
˵˾ŸֽҪȥ̥ȫǳŲǻȥɵġ
΢ʱ˹ȥŸֽһ˲߷ɣĸֽڵϣ˱ߵ泯վʹȻֱεˡ
ǸͷзӦ΢ʱһȭϣһ¾ͽıҶϣ˿ϣۡһĵȥ
˼ˣ˲ͳһǰлԺлӢҲͬʱ֣ĳ½һѾͽ÷˳ֹˣҲżս֡
һ㣬˼ͷ΢ʱлԽģֻ԰СĵϼƹõȥļҲû
ʮ5Ӳʱͱ΢ʱлԸſˡ
˷ʱĴˣ΢ʱȫû뷨
ߵ߹Ƕ˼ز⼸Ӧõġ
лӢѸϳ̥ոյſڵ˵ȣӻбѣȻֱշ˹ȥ
÷µĿڣΪԼҪˡ
û뵽еȫģ½ðȫ˵Сɣ´ͲҪˣ˵˵ͨģҪ˷ʱ䣬СǾˡ
÷ɺŮһۣ˵ͷһ·ɳۣҲ·ûˣлӢһ·Ųô˻ȥһܹСʱܿ͵һ֮ȵʱ̡
ص÷˳΢ʱлԽ̧˻ȥÿ׼ֻߵɲܺҽԺȡ
ֻܰл׼һɾķ䣬΢ʱ˰Ĺҵļ
÷ɽһѰŮȥҩֹʹ֮ǰҽԺѹεЩҩƷܶ඼ѾˣϵͳԴҩƷá
һҩǿãһҽ֮΢ʱӵưȫˡ



90 ѡС
ҽ΢ʱ, лϵ˿ȫˡ
˶ʮӣлͱ˳ĻȻ, Ҳ̶ֻˡ
ѾŬʣµľֻܽлҩˡ
ҩﵹǲ, õģ΢ʱҩ֮ͽҩˡ
÷ɺ÷¶˱ϴ˸, Ȼͷĳһ٣˵ĶѾòˣԵ˵ҪһЩ
ȵ, ½Ľ
÷¶ſӵֶڶ, ̲ס߳ԱСΪԼҪˣû뵽һ壬ûо֮·ʱ̻ˡ
΢ʱ˳꣬յϵͳĲϲҽ֮ңû10, ֵ1000㡣
ͬʱ΢ʱԺֽһξ顣
ԭݣĸŮڿ찾ʣµʳ֮ǰǰԺ, Ǹճžͱ֮ǰļھӽٳ, ǵʳˮȫ˹ǰ
ܱЩʧȥ˻ԺеĹӦһӾһܾͱ˼
Щ˼ٷٳûˮ, ȻڳĸŮʳ֮󣬽˲ɱΪĴʳá
΢ʱθоʮֵĶģȻ;Щ飬Ǹж˱Եǰ˸оǲһġ
Ȼ֮ǰĸоˣھЩ˸ӵĿɶˣӦúɱЩġ
һСдΪϸ£͹ն
·ԺеݣҲɥʧˡ
ԵʱµıնﶼУֻӿԵı仯ٶȣ΢ʱþ˳ûлӣҲᱻһж˳Ե
תصлڵķ䣬ȥˣȻǲãֻ꼻һ֡
óֻǱǼ˵оֵֹģƺл壬Ǹ˳ˣǴ˵ȴʲôû
΢ʱеЩ⣬Ǵڶôģ
պʱɴ򿪳ڵʵѶв鿴
źʱʱɫƵĻתȦĿĴһ¾ˢҳϡ
һʵȨлԶŻݽִһְ
΢ʱۣϢ»ʲô
лʲôʱˣ
³ģͼоĲҿԶﲢоڷ顣
Щֱ϶л˵ûҲᱻŪ
ɴͽл˵ˣøƿȨ
΢ʱΪûʲôģԭĴֶΣҪĵĳЩϵļֵõķԶס졣
˼ܳȥĶʽȣл廹Ǳߵģȥȫû·ˡ
ǵ̺ʽҲҪһʱ䣬Ҫ黹ʱˣʱġ
ڶл˵ֻЩıģ϶лһƬҰЩǶֻ̬ȣǳڵԽԽùǰ϶ʵ
Ҷл뿪ʾ˲Ͼʵʵıˣлڵʱ򣬿ɲӡ
֮ǰٶıԹٶĲҲ˵ʲôˣϾǸ˶ܸܵл쵼˴ǵĺôʵʵģȨߣ̽ģʽˡ
ڵ˲ùˣ֪жٵΪ˴εı򵥡
˼ƪ֮΢ʱȷ˳ڶл̬ȣ֪˺ģڰڵΪʲôӵˡ
ӱ˻ҽ豸ҲȫԶռΪУ֪£ǷܣֻΪеԹѾˡ
Ͳû췴΢ʱҲˡ
ѳڵ˽һ飬Цˣ֮ǰЩ²ۻԺʩãûоĴһΪ֮ǰжء
֮͸оԺмֱãЩˣڸв֪ȫ֪˼
ںˣҲһѣҲû˵ˡ
ǱţèСèɵļͷһèԴ˵ȷʵûгԺе̫ܰãʵϣ˲Ż֪ǻ
仰һ·ѩ˵΢ʱидģı죬߹ˡ
£ڿһ磬ȻʱŲɼҰˣѰ
ʱ䣬ðѸΣնŲˣɽĺǿɾû˼ȥˡ
ʱƺûʲôΣգ̲ͿصĲԶǺ̲ˮ͸żȺιȥûʲôΣա
龰Ŀ΢ʱ̲ʱǻ£濴ˣһͷĿѣĸо֪㲻һִ˺Ӧ֢֮ڰ߶ζΣա
Ҵҿһ۾ȥˣֻ±˻˿ա
÷ɿԶȥıӰ˼лӢܡ
ˮµľ޴ֵûйɣֻϳ֣΢ʱ뵽֮ǰЩ͸ǲ̤һƬ̲ˡ
Ȼ˱׼¥ݸ裬ϢһչһȭţоûֽŶһЩˡ
΢ʱ˼ռѵģ֮ǰѩΪ˱Ҳó
ŷô죬΢ʱ߽ԡ棬ŷ˶˽ȥ
ҶĹ͸˽ԡյʮãµˮ滺ոֽŵĸо΢ʱһ̾ˮϴһ
ִӿռóһбԣ֮ǰϵͳСƳˢĶ
¥ϵźŲãеûֻܴϵͳ鿴СƳ
СƳƷã
ڿƼůװ*10
ˮ*10
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΢ʱסˣ˵ǰ⣬ϵͳĸˣɽЬѩɽרãůװʲôִҪĶ
ԡˮͼǰˢ³ˮͰҲûţˮҲҪǮ
Żˮ΢ʱĿϵͳϵͳ֣(_)
֮ǰùСˢ³ˡ
ϵͳûлػֻһζģء
ЩҲˣϵͳ֮ǰȷʵܶ࣬Щ˴ŵСҲûйϵڵĴ֧źܾˡ
ټߵҰˣǳһӵҰˣûԾҰˣɽͷ״̬ôԲġ
һݮζı裬ֿһֻ춹Աܵĸоǳ˵鶼ˡ
һһʱ䣬΢ʱûмȥֳһռŴῪ
΢ʱָһϵͳ壬̳Ӧþˢˡ
ֺȻͶסˣ֪ʲôʱ̳¶
ɫ˵зȥȥκεط
һɫƯô̳ǵҳתɢŽ⣬΢ʱ˲ҲŲˡ
ʲôҪһԼСңҲҪ룬һԼСңû˿ԺСҡ
ֱѡĺ÷ӣ΢ʱȲҪ£ȴĻ֣3999ۣ



91 ǰò
̫, ̫ˡ
΢ʱǴһĳ̶ˣ֪ⷿôܱȿռǮô࣬ȫ
֮ǰһһǹ˵ùȥ, ζһõõ
о򷿵붼ˡ
΢ʱˮ๾³ݻĵ׵ѹ
ϵͳ, жٻ֣
غ䣬֮ǰϵͳĿ, ΢ʱ;һȭ硣
ϵͳεûֱˬػش869֮ǰɢͳ, ܹ965֡
ֻһͷ, ǹ֮ɢɢŷ֣֮ǰǴδʮֵĶ࣬΢ʱӷٵת˼ŻʲôطҪһЩ
֮ǰҵ߾飬ѵûʲô𣿡
δ޷ʹȨͳơ
΢ʱһϵͳʼﻹкüû, ѡһȡ
Ч֮600֡
һЩ֮1565ˣ֪᲻۸֮ǰǹһ
ȽҪ֮ļ۸ԭ۹Ļ, ԩͷ
Ƿǲܵ, Щ޶Ʒһʧ
΢ʱ˿̳ˢ˼òϵĶһռչʱҲòϡ
ڵĿռ֮, ֿճһƬȫʹˣЩƷһҲʲôǾֹģֻҪŽȥͲõ⡣
µĿֻһˣһҪõһ
΢ʱ˻裬ڵ˳Էʱ·ȥˡ
³Ա룬æŴһٺõĻӭһˡ
΢ʱϲ˰廨ˣŵζõͻ˼˰
߳Ի߿д˰ֳԱĸоԵҸ
̫ãÿضԵԲ²ͣ
ϴû£տл⣬ԸɸԵˡ
΢ʱҲ˼Ÿô׬֣Ҫҵ֣ǱȻģ뵽˺еľ
ȻŲͬѰ̣ȺеĴ󲿷ֹﶼҪһЩҲ󣬾мǿ
ӦûʲôеģôǾ˲ܳԵ£Ǿ㣬ѡ˽ܾܿѾܵһֵΣա
ǵģСС࣬΢ʱͿֵܴѳ
ĳ΢ʱӦöˡ
벻ʲô취Խɱˣһ⣬ĻֱȻǡ
Ͼ֮ǰҽԺɱǸﶼܻôĻ֣ûֻС
ѵϵͳʾɱֻŰѷܲϣȥǰ
΢ʱ˼Сʱû뵽İ취ˣʵ
ϵͳôϵͳһɷ񣿡
΢ʱʵһֱʣֻȫ˳
ϵͳСָָ״̬Ǹɫı꣬ʾ΢ʱⲻ
΢ʱҡҡͷ˵ôϵͳһһֱɷ񣬾ߡ
ͼͨʱϵͳ䵱·ˣܽλöȻ˳µĽЩ鷳ȵ˻ֿ֣ԶԼʵֱһá
֮еߺ͸ߵ΢ʱԼģϵͳûиʲôʱԣǴ󲿷ʱʱװ
ϵͳûлش𣬶ǳ΢ʱ׳һ⣺ʲôϵͳ
΢ʱ
һ˲ϵͳ˼ЩʧķˣȻҪϵͳܹ
ڻݵϷһʼѾʧЧˣ˵Ҫ֮ϵͳ֮˴˵Ľˣϵͳƺڽڽһߵ״̬˵ֵҲûô
һжԼѡ΢ʱ޻˵
ðɣԼȥҵ鷳
˸Ͷлԣû뵽һ죬ȥŮ
΢ʱ뷨ʮֵãֻҪһֱŮߣ⼸ƱģͿԶ룬Ȼзгˡ
ļոյ㿪ˣˮе磬ҪľϵͳҲΪʡֵϾûʲôܹõõĵط
ĶҲṩģֱΪƵģһſռݿԽĿռĸһǳʣҲֻǼ麭ǵĹܣʵԹҪ֮һһ
ѾĶĲˣȲҪС
΢ʱŲлԵߣԷע⵽Ķֻ΢΢Ĳͷһۣû˵Ҳûкˡ
΢ʱŮӡӦòȻҲἸľԼˡ
֣ϳһɰЦݣò˵ЦʮֵľԻԣлԵԷ
лл֮ǰҡ
Ѽ飬л治ʱû֡
лԵ˵ͷû˵Σʼһ
΢ʱЩɻ֮ǰǻԼͦĵѵΪԼлԣԷһһ˶֮ͺˣ
սһЩҪϸµĹ۲лԵı顣
ȴ岻ĺ㣬ƺԶԼ
΢ʱ
˻ϽֻԼôˣʲô˼
ֲܿ
΢ʱϵЦݶЩӲˣ۶ߵ鷢üͷ⡣
ưϴˮ߳˵˵ǰˮˣСԣզˣץɳͻطҪǿԼ
ư̵Ļû˵꣬лԲһվ粽߿ˡ
ԭһĪ΢ʱͶˮĻựɳģƺǱקͱĵط̫һ
զˣ
ưĪĿһ¥лԣˮˣ΢ʱ̯̯֣ձһ£ɳͦģȥһоûС
ܸоոպʲô߳ˡ
֪żϲɡ
С⺢ǰҲԸȻ䵭һЩǿòˣСΣ۵ˡ
潻һᣬȫûע⵽վ¥ϵлԣ߬űЩ̵ָ
ͷ˿˸ոձ֣ûάסƵı飬֮Žƽ
ɿָ⣬ִһûһµš
ǿյһƬȴ쳣·˶Ҫˣۿȵǽڱߣ̨ۣף͵شİϣһ˫СĿںͻư̸̽ıӰ
һͷѩ׵ĲʮֵĴЦ¶һС۾ģʮֵĿɰ
ѩһμ˫鶯۾оͲһֵĸоҪˡ
Խǿ;öԷƺƵԽԶԶûӽӡ
һ΢ʱӽոһʱЩмܲסȻĶӡ
⵽һʲôĸܣֵ֣Ҫһγԣһθܡ



92 
΢ʱûһ͸оʱ, ҵϢΪԵʱһЩ΢ʱµݺ֮󣬾ʹ˯ˡ
Щϰ, ֻҪһҲ˯úܺãͲ漷յˡ
ϯ, ˼ôõʣµĻ֡
֪⸽ûĹʵΪֹ, ߺͳӣＸû
΢ʱܸıΧйأԭ翪̲һ, ٽĵ֮б롣
һֻ֮һҵӡ
, ־͵bossӦҲһĹٻܿһƬ̬ܺãʳϡ٣ܶࡣ
һƬֻҪϰ˵Ҳͦȫġ
΢ʱһطֻһš
ֻ, ϵʱ֪ΪʲôֻĺһЩ
׹ϣ΢ʱִһϤվ档
֮ǰԹСӵ̳ԴӳڵȨ仯֮Թ֯ð˳, ڸ๫˾»÷ˮ, ׳ơ
ӱѹƣԱɣڵĻȴûеõʲôƣ⼸, ʱѾ˺üˡ
΢ʱˢȥо̳ӱ˵ĻҪȫ档
ʵʱµĶǴ
ټ̳ף˷Ծ͸ӵ޼ɵˣҳˢ֮ԹֵӺ̳״Ѿ忪ˣĿϾƲۡ
΢ʱˢ˰СʱԳڵ״˽һ˽⡣
ˮȿ಻ԣĹѪͷ
ƫӺܿͱɾˣȻ̳Ҳ鷳Ļ۲ΪȽϺá
ӹĽͰͣǮҲ򲻵ʳתĿͶҩ˾ӪҺ档
ʳѾƽʡʡܹԵĶˣ۵ıӪҺǵѡ
ԵĲûᵼ䣬ҵľ״̬̫õӡ
Щ﹫˾׳ԹСӿɾͲһˣһЩСӳԱͨγǿҵķ
ķˮ΢ʱ˸˴֣лԽЩ΢ʱ֮ǰڳӣлʲôˣò˼
΢ʱлǱ߿ԵõԼҪĶˣǵôԹС֡
ӱһŮ⻷һʼʲôӦĹ
΢ʱ˻֮ǰһսСӶֻΪԼСӵһԱȷСӵĴʡ
˽һЩæĶûʱ俴ЩҲͣˣϾûʲôϵ
ټϳֳЩ£ȶ˼ȴ
Ҳˣɸѡ˴󲿷ֵϢһЩڵ֮һЩ
ɽСӵһֱиϵÿ춼ϢЩСӵ룬϶һʱûлָ֮ҵıˡ
ճʺ򣬲΢ʱͦæģһֻûʱظϢ
Щ⣬ĬĬıʾ⣬ûС߹һΡ
΢ʱ˼ôظͿϢһη˹ʮ㣬СɽԹж𣿡
ŷһӣһˣ΢ʱûʱ䣬ٷȥʱҲü
΢ʱ㿪˿ַеСɽԹֵصﲢԶ
ʮ￪ĵطﳵĻܿҲܹȥ
ʵԴӳڲϢ֮ԹСӺڶڱİԱһ˿ģֹͣüҩĺܴ󣬵վ﹫˾ѹ˹ȥ
ҸŭԣǼʶҩϾҲûܹⰲԱȫ״Ķˡ
Щ֪İԱںȣȻǲҳȥҼҩˡ
һԹСӵ
ڵĲҲӣԱҲûôˣڴһǿ֮ĩ״̬
涥ҲһСλúΡ
ŲЩֻһε΢ʱܲɰԼϰ߷š
ǱȻܾûлӦˣҲû١
һ죬ǸѾõĶԻȻ
һõģӳѾˣεȥСɽǰɣһˣ
Щ֮ǰȽϻһֱ̫֤ڿ΢ʱϢʵǸо̫ˡ
ȷԼûп֮󣬸ϽԱӷ˳ȥ
ȻٴֻظĻһεǳ߲ߣ䱸Ѿͷˡ
΢ʱ˵Ӧָ﹫˾֪ǲǺԶûϵԱ̫ˣȫƽԽӵ˾˼ֻҪǾʲôܡ
΢ʱΣյıԵ̽ʵҲܰȫϲºڵİϷ졣
΢ʱʾ˽⣬̶ļص֮󣬲ĽϢµļԱȥ
֮ʶ΢ʱһȫһǴ´࣬Էƺһˣ֪ڳɳʲôزˡ
ܺõĲװ׼
Ӻܿ˱ˣһԷҲ顣
Ƕˡ
ԹСҪ˲ܳð׷Щʱȥںˣ΢ʱײ̫õıˡ
СڵҲʾ˶΢ʱϿɣ׷׼ҪõĶ
΢ʱĿĴɣŷֻҪ˵һ˵ͲڼԷˣҪ˱ƽ
ڴϣһ밲˯
ⲽ˼أſվ˺ܾãջûʲôصԼķ˯ˡ
ڶ΢ʱоˬǰһɨգ˸ļҹϵʱ١
ʱѾˣ˹ͳ°⣬˶û𴲣еû£ȫ˯ţɴ׼緹
ϼ˻ڻѾòˣ׼˿ˣûмһж
΢ʱԼʳռ۶óƽʱûµʱɷӡ
պóԵĵһ
ýƽ˿ſ˺Ｙõ֣ʶҧһڣտĵζһȥֱ̼ˮըˬˡ
һһĴָóԡ
½ЦּһСΣôô磿
΢ʱһ߳ԱһߺˮŶҽҪȥæ飬Ǵк½㣬ٸ·ϳԡ
Դӳ̽Դ濴һۣôҪţԷ𣿡
΢ʱ˵ͷ緹ͲˣɣԸ㣬ĻǾȳԡ
һ£ԴĴӳ̽˳Ǽ΢ʱ˵˻ȥ
ᣬлҲ¥ˣ΢ʱͬҪ
΢ʱűתһۣջߣûж˵ʲô
лҲҪţǲ̫֪лȥǽûʱ̽
̵ֽ֪΢ʱлԵķ̯ʮűƽ֣һ߲ˣûм࣬·ȣʣֱӷŽ΢ʱС
Ȼ΢ʱ˵ĵҪԵЩζõóŽռС
ûʲôҪʰģ˸װװӣﳵˡ
һ·ϣû̫ȣ΢ʱ˴һСʱ͵˲ָĻغϵص㡣
΢ʱ͵ԭصļˣǰ˸к
ſ֣û¶˶ϰΪûж˵ʲô
һˣӦҲ쵽ˣٵȵȡ
΢ʱԼĳźãŶվ·ߣһϤӰҲϲżȻлԡ



93 Ⱥ
˵˵ͷ, Ҳӭȥ㵽ˣһ£ǵĶԱ, һϴ, ף߸裬ͯ
, ôƺ
л޵ɨһ΢ʱ΢΢ͷ˵лһ
ͷЦ˵ǻĹ
򵥵Ľ, ͸ÿ˷Ƕλͷҧװ, ȻȣȥĿѣװǺбҪġ
΢ʱףоⱡһƲϵ͸ƺǳڵĺڿƼȫûʲôĸоǴһϵ˿һ
ɵܷҧǲİο
΢ʱתת, ָȫסˣǰѾԶҲֻѡβϾˡ
ôⷽ, ܹġ
˶ĬļװʶԷ, ôţ΢ʱ֪лôģôҲ
ֲ𣬻Լͬһʱˡ
˵, олڵĻѶһǳɱҲһְȫıϡ
ָоǲ˵ôɵĴյһҲѵã΢ʱһ̹ȻĽˡ
СɽԭǻԺеһʱˬ΢ʱûио¶ȵı仯
ֻǿʩʮֵĿԻϢĵӣȷʵǸ羰ܺõҰأڼյʱԺеľӦûط
ͽ·Ҳȷָʾһ·ϲ̻Ĳ
ûʲô˴·ҲֻһЩҶѣûһӲݴһֲܿĳ̶ȡ
һ·΢ʱʱ֣߳һ·˽ĳӣûʲô
ûֻг˵Ĳͣš
΢ʱ̧ͷ˿Ҳûзʲô쳣
֪ǲߵαװʵ̫ɹˣǴҶûп
Ҳ֣֮ǰ¼ҲкһͷĿΧĶܿҲǳ¡
֣ôʲôûУ˵𣿶ӳǵطû
û˵ﶼһͼ·ǲߵģͯͷ˦ָо̵ҪͲȣ֪ûȺˣһֱͣôҲûһߣĶĥûˡ
վ½ͼȫչ;ʯϣָ˳·߻ȥ쵽ˣǰϢһ¾Ҫȥˣ֮ǰѧϰûԴĶһźɫӣʳˡ
˵ÿ˶һƽңǸո˵װӵСɽ߹ԺǿǼ˾ҧ
֮ǰտʼûзǵʱÿ͹ɽ棬Щɽ˻ȺɢƣǷ֮ǾͶû˸˽⡣
ڲ֪Ҳģ˭ûֹط
΢ʱеĽңҪעǰȫﻹǸ뷨򲻹ܾˡ
ȻҲôǵġ
һᣬ΢ʱ͵͵ĳ˴ıֲһϣҲϢĲˣļ·
СɽͽǶ֮󣬾һƽɽߵ΢ʱڶĩβһУлһ
żײֺܿĴ΢ʱܾú֣ܿûлôˡ
ߵľͷһƬҰƽأԭ̲ƺƬҶˣǰ濴Ѿû·ˡ
ͣ°Ūĵͼšü̧ͷһһۡ
ͯǰֳ˻ӳûߴǰû·أģ
ϴף߸ǰͯ˻ˣһ£ȶӳʲô
˵ͼĴСתһȦûôû·ˣ
ͼʾһξ룬ٹȥïܵˣѵ˵
΢ʱȫߵĻ棬Щšһ壬ֺܶĵĸо
˿ŵͼڸһȦȷûܹ߽ȥ·ͯκأȷСֳ̽𣿡
΢ʱ΢΢ͷ˵ϴεɣ˵ϴѾףܲ˵߸ħһԻȷСӵı°ɣ
΢ʱֿһܣҲһĨڣϾҲûʲôѵ
뵽ģϪܻѣɽ˵Ķ
Ѫ̫˽⡣
Χתʮӣͯ꣬Ҳûҵܵȥ·
һƨڿҶϣҵ죬̫ˣͼô͵Сɽǲʲôصûߴ˰ɣ߲ˡ
ûаɣ֮ǰҾ棬ûʲôܵѾǶˣ¶Ӫ
ͯһõˣǼһһԾֱ㶵ĿŵϵĿҶѡ
ϴҪȥǱȻһôˣһһէģɵˣɲ㽼εġ
һ±ͯסҪĲ
ϴһĶס˽Ųôˣ
ͯطġ
ⲻϻҶѿ϶İ
ף߸۵ĹǺóˮڣ²
ͯĬĬתˣȻǶѿҶǲȱĴһ
ף߸һˮ˳𾪵Ŀĸ߶ȣ˾ϸϸ˷
ͯЦ֣һ˳ôĲȵˣ
΢ʱʶתҪ뿪ֱھԲץߵĺʱǸͲΧֱӲȽЩߵϱӪˡ
ΪʱոջһΧڲߣǶۣɫߺɫʰ쵵ߡ
Ǻ˵·ϣСаĶĶÿһˡ
ͯЩˣӳȫѹ
һۣϵĻĿקս׼ذǶɱˡ
༸˶¶һȿ޻ѿЦݣ΢ʱսеĵǰȺоЩ
˵ܶȣǸո·ϲӦһģǸոʱûпЩߵӰӡ
뻮һĳ֣ʵǹ졣
΢ʱܾ֮Ӧһ쵼ߣڿһУٽ裬ҲȦס
صǻ֪ɵĵЩ߾ۼ
Χȫǡ˻˻жʧˡ
˫ţһʱ侹Ȼûһ
֪Լзǿ̣Ǹ˶ú¡
΢ʱıǼ߳һ˿ʱŵеζʮֵŻ
ȺѰͼѰһָʾȺĹǣÿһСһ߿ߣϸһǵ·ˡ
Уһɾ޴ѹ
ȻһɫļͷѸٵŤȷ˽һ͵΢ʱǰ죬ҪϿС
ٶȺܿ죬ͨ˿ܶӦͱˣ΢ʱ׼˲䣬ͽ롣
е߲ԥŤǰ΢ʱĶ˼˵ļУסһƬ֮У䣬ϵĿʼո



94 ߶
ЩߵĹԺǿ, һһ㣬Űҧġ
΢ʱֵ»ָУһġ
ߵǿ, ЩԴ߲ûڵһʱȥź
ǻҪʱע, һСĻпܱҧ
ɱ漸˶ѧˣⶪ, ԭؾͻȽϰȫ
м΢ʱоԼҧ˺üڣ·˿ûƣһһ, е˺
⻹ǺڿƼ, ΢ʱЩǣѾȫȻˣֻҪֱӰµߣӦöΪ塣
Ȼҧʱǻʹ΢ʱܿܽץ
ֻҪСһЩ¶Ĳλŷ۾С
˶Ӧǿȵս֮΢ʱɴཫƷͷʿ, ˵ĺɫСȡ
ƽƽǹӵһ׾ͻʧǴѪгģȴ⻬ĲȾһ˿ۡ
Щ˵ôߵֶģ
ôȷļֵ
΢ʱоЩ, ȷСӺͿƼ˾ıһֻ޴Ĳһ, ÿ˵ǰͺˡ
΢ʱʿ֮Щ΢źϵԴѸٵʧȥ˲併٣߱۵˵ء
ͬʱ, ϵͳĻҲڲϵĵˣ֮ǰɱҪ׬ˣǣȻȲЩ
֣΢ʱ߶ɱǲܹõٷ֣ϾҲ١
ڿԴ˵Ķˣͣﶪߡ
ֹȷлǵһμ룬Ҳֺûдҽ࣬˶½ĳԱ⡣
΢ʱַԽ죬ԴһһӾͳûоֻͨߡ
лмֻߵӸһЩͨô
Ľƿܿװˣֶһ
΢ʱɱذ˺ܼһš
Χ߽ʬ壬˶ӿռĶ
˭ҲȥǶѿҶУǵɴĿҶƿѡ
ɱɱţף߸̾Цֹһ䣺ЩǲǹˣҲûκˣһ·Ϲûǲ𣿡
΢ʱûʲôо˵ûʲôģЩȺԾбģûʲôĿģôһ·϶ǿ
ף߸뷨Ҳûʲôۣÿ˵뷨ǲһġ
˵ֻôһ˵Ͼ˭һУͬߵĻ֮ǰЩħ㲻Ǹͬ飿
ȻǿʳģҲʳУɱҲ֮顣
һԵϴһţ˵ʲôǰɣովɱ࣬զˣװˣ
ף߸̧ͷ¶һЦݣлú˵ⲻǿ̫ѪҪ߶ҾƾǼеѰɡ
ɽѾѬˣϻвٵļ棬һЩѾȥȴţʮֵĶġ
΢ʱӦǳԲ·ˣñ˿ѾŽռˣڱЩζȾ
̧̧ʹĲӣСʱŬΧѾʣ޼ֻʣһƬδƿĿҶˡ
һЩȫ͹˲Ϲǣŵͬ壬̰Լ
ЩҲֻҪǿҲйͼ
濴ʮֵĶģЩʳѪƺԶ㣬Գ˱Լԭʹӡ
ѵĳֵķȥЩͣȫˣȻûзŹЩ©֮㣬ոˡ
΢ʱǰͷ÷ֵĻᣬɲܷŹ
ֵǣǵСĲ״ȻӴ
΢ʱսͶǶѾ޴ĿҶ治֪ʲôʱ¡һС
ӳĲˣǱ߻Ҫȥ𣿡
ϴָſҶʵڴճȳѪҲմȾ˲٣뾡࣬ϾʵЩģ֮ǰں׶ûôǱ
˵϶ٻմһЩ߷ҺǺܺÿ
΢ʱҲضãܾôҸطһ£Ȼȥ϶Ҫʶơ
лԶһۣƺӶԷжʲôĬƿ߿
Ȼʣһ㣬߰ɣչȥˡ
͸ϲȻջСԶԤڡ
ǶѹҶĵطȥ
ͷó֦Ҷһֻɫ壬ڵĶĶÿˡ
гСôϸɢʰ쵵ĺڣźɫӣƯΣա
΢ʱٵĸо֮ǰ߶Ҫ󣬲֪Ѿôġ
кܶߣ˵ֻôһ
ɵ趯ӣǴǰԸ磬΢ʱһһ㡣
˴ߵĵӣ߾ͻ̽Դ趯
΢ʱоԼ·ɶ֡
˶һ㶣ͯС˵Ǹʲôݲͦ˼ѵҾܲɱ𣿡
仰ͰѼ˶Цˣһۣˣ˵ˣһжߺܴˣһǿǰסһҪСıҧ֪𣿡
Ӧһ΢ʱҲ˲ߵƣְѣ׼ǶȣֻȲһ£ͳȥ
첻֪ʲôʱոջֱ⣬˿̱ȥһ룬΢ʱоһ˿ˬ
ʶĿ˿ΧһƬƺֻͷϣΧļȴǱɹ֮£ֻͷͶһƬӰ
΢ʱӰӼģʱëȻĸо
һ˲ǰȥͼסǰĴߣһתͿոӰȻһ޴ޱȵĺߡ
˻ߣڿյͶһƬӰ
һ˫۾ض΢ʱԱߵļ˶ͻĶһֽš
΢ʱ˿Ҳ˲̴һ
ոջڿҶϵĺߴ˿Ѿ˵²ӰʶĻһŵĻ궼ˡ
˵˹
ûв´ոֵĶٻһߡ
֮ǰЩɢС߲ûжԸǣ߾ͲһˣһſܽǼȫ븹Уϵ·ٷҧֻҪ˶ˣǾͱɡ
ѾȫܹԸˣõİ취ܡ
ڼ˵һ˲ſѪȫ࣬ƺǸոռ޸·¡
ЩСôãŸϹʱ䡣
һ˲Ҳܲ˿ҶϣһؽҶѹˡ
ûĵȥ
˲ʧ΢ʱŵһɼҪѬεȳζָо͸Žûʲô
΢ʱ̲סŻһ£˵Ҳûõȥ
ڶ³ˣûôĸӣһЩ沢ûߡ
Ĵεĺܿ죬գۼ͵˶ڣԴ̽ԽԽխסֻüꡣ
΢ʱоԼȫǱлߵģһƬĶǰ档
߻׷ᣬǼ˷ǰ
ڵĿǰĶ΢ʱлԣǼܶҪȫһץڣʲô
ϵϣ΢ʱоЩ
ͳһСֵ磬ò׿ǰˣһԽԽխĶꡣ
Ȼǰǰлʧˣ΢ʱκԴһ˲һ룺лԣлԣ
ĦŲǰȥڶһߣǰǰ
죡ˣ
΢ʱǺģ˲û˶˵ˣȫ޷Ļʲô˼ôСһֻһǰķôһΪʲôʧ
һĪչ֮ʣȻлģ졣
΢ʱϥǰȥֻұƺһѷ죬͸һ˿˿ֵͲ⣬һһε۾



95 һƿ
΢ʱһ, ְǲ϶澹Ȼһұ, Ӳұֻһխķȥ
֪лôҵطġ
Ȼȥˣ΢ʱûв
˽ȥ, ұڵС΢ʱŰ㿨ס, ȸ˴кģǴ˿Ҳ˲ôˣԼȥҪġ
澹Ȼһ, ΢ʱʱˮ, һȻγɵܶ˵ǺСֻڵĹޣ֪ܶж
΢ʱлȵؽסˣ߶ͷŵˤָˤĲᡣ
֪ô, ֱǳˡ
ͬ˾ʧţһһ
֪֮ˣΪʲôոлһԲ϶ʵխ, 濴ȥһܹˡ
ֻ, ΢һ˶ᱻס
ϱʹһԵлԿҲǺܺõӣ˿ġ
¿һ϶
ѧŸոлԵ, ˺΢ʱֵĹյ˲˫Ⱦֵ۾
ȷʵЩԽܣϾǸոջûŪ״־һ˵ʧҪڱıԵˡ
ڲĳȽǿ󣬺ܿ侲˵϶棬ֽŲõţ岻̫Ļȣ¿档
˳֮վĶԱɣȻȻľͿˣǧܽţСһ㣬
һһʱһһĹȥĴ߲ûͣ˶Դ𽥱ƽǰˣ΢ʱ˼
ľЩ˴ǵһΰɣϴλ׻Ҫ֡
ϴѵأȫû·ֻܲϵǰ
΢ʱĵĬĬһѺϴҲͷˣϲ֪ճʲôʪյģĨڵѾˡ
棬治֪ô£һᣬͯųұ֮УֻƺЩסˣһ£޼¡
ֱ϶һξ룬Ȳϴȥס˵ֱۣͯһӾͱ
һˡ
ף߸оԼĶԽԽǰסֵͬĽҲҴ߶Էһ߿ĸ
ֻͯһٿһ㣬ľһ
ڶǰʯͯȥȲ˽ȥ϶Ҫӵխ֪ǲΪ̫ˣһȥ͸оѣ͸
ֵͲҵϸֳϲɫı˲ˡ
ҪֻԭϻЦݵһ˲ͱɫ
޿κεĿˣھһ֮ңһ˲䣬ı鲼ף߸
оСȴһʹ岻ܿƵģʯа˳
ϵЦ̣оף߸̵Լϣֻм׵ʱʯ˾ͺȻʧˡ
һȵҺϣģߡ
˶ŵеζšžડһһһƤϷʯе
΢ʱ֪ʲô飬ֻʶĵͷϸһƺһ
ʯϴδδѪ
ϷĿ϶һҾ徵ļж̴ٵ𣺡--
ֻʣһëȻǵʲôĶˡ
ף߸ˣûüѣ̵ˡ
˶ĿһĻϷʯҲûֻʣ¼Ѫ
һЩϤ˾ôˣڳ;С
һһסʯڵıԵҪȥ
ȫû첲ֻҪ΢΢𣬾ͱϴ
ӳû취ˣ
˵Сˣĸ˭£ſſôСĶԲԵ߸ģҪȥû֣
ţϴŷ˺ݽݺݵˤڵϣϸơ
ף߸ѪճȺģֶŪˣ᲻ò
ûУѾˣȥҲģǵ֮ȳȥ𣿡
΢ʱЩϴ侲֮ǰִʱܾĸܵĮ˿ܴƺڼѹԼ
ͯѾȫ֪ôˣڵϣ§Ųޡ
΢ʱֻǰס죬ʵ㣬Ҫٳˡ
ϴվĨϵۣЩĿ״̬õһۡ
΢ʱлԽǽԼϡ
ܵĴܴ󣬲ˣȫ߲·ˡ
ǲû˵Ĵ㣬ֵҷһһֻɫ۾Ķǡ
²ˣʳ֮ߵͻ󣬴ӶȥҲҪһʱ䡣
ǳȥõĻᣬȻջĶ࣬ҲһͬȥˣЩջʧ֮
С֮л˵д棬ڰ֮ʧ
һܶƺ˿ܵģϻһЩ˹ĺۼûжʯֵͲι컨ʱ΢ʱʯԱߵĵƴ
СɽȻûеͨɽܶˮ
ֲôۼûˮԴĻЩͻ
Ȼһ·Ͳ٣ֻһǹܶѡ
ֻ๥ҪϺܶ࣬󲿷ֶ߿ˣֻٲֲŻˡ
ϴǰ濪·ֺܿ죬˲ûӰ١
ŭΪʵʵĹߵʱһն
ߵҲˣֻҪߣֹͣ˿ֻľš
΢ʱҲڳְһΧߣɱ֮ûôˡ
ߵΧǰˮ̶סȥ·ҪӾܹȥ
ٴһˣ΢ʱ˵ʲôοĻ˵ʲôͽֻͣĲļ򣬿ʼ
˻껹ûľĸһ
ߵˣˮϻûпֻеײмߵӦöѾˣײҲҵ档
ֻҪιһˮ򣬾ܿǰĶڡ
Ĺߺܳ㣬ܶΧˣӦһС㣬δĿҲ̫֪
ôһطȻ΢ʱǸͲ֪ô
΢ʱͷһۣģһʻԶ档
ϴߵʱ򣬰ѵŽܷ棬ӷڱñеңǷ治Ūʪף߸壬ôιȥ
ˮ壬̶ˮиǱȽ죬׼ˮⲿγȥ
΢ʱһˮ͸оȼﻹҪ죬ź˳ȥ
ﵽҲʮ׵ľ룬ǰĹԽԽε˶档
ֽŲõĴˮ档
ȣܿʹϵˮ֣浽棬Ȼֻôһ룬߳Сɽ
澲ĵģֻз紵ҶûʱĶԻ
ǸߴߴŮԶ
ϴǿŸеĽ˹΢ʱһƿʾҪô࣬﹫˾Ҳôࡣ
ҪȥȷСʦʾǿˣĽǵ˻ϣ˼ûˣѵ˳ȥÿ뿪ط
΢ʱлԶۣ˵ͷװͬķȥԶ˲¾۵һ
΢ʱժϵ֣ӿռȡһгǵҸطϴһϴٻȥȻȥĻǿǻᵣĵġ
лԵ˵ͷҲ߰ģϻŲ͵ķ
·ҲûҪȥ
ⶼҪˣʧȥһͬ˵·ȫ޹ؽҪĶ
һյأȷΧû֮ŴСÿռˮϴɾ壬Żȥ



96 Ʒ
һ·ﳵȥ, ΢ʱֳһˡ
ƺЩõĻ棬ԭֹػ, ܿͽƽֻǻǾЩԲ·
΢ʱһСʱ, ֻص˱ڵλá
ǰŽţպøϼʱ
л彻֮, ǳȥոҰˡ
ÿ첻ոټﶼװ£˶ղûжĹʡ
л廹ڴ, Ҫʱ䶼˯жȹ, ɫҲǰҪöˡ
÷ɵҩãԱ˷ȫһвסˣҲż̳ˡ
һ÷¶ڼң˵ʿɱˣڼҳԵ̼, ǻ֮ŷĵ˯׼ٳš
˻ؼȸСݴ˸к¥ϴȥˡ
ܸо֮ǰûϴĺܸɾ, Ϊ˽ʡʱ, ֻǼ򵥵Ĵһ飬΢ʱﻹǺӦŬԼִһ顣
ոյսʵ̫ˣֱе
ŷϵͳŽˡ
ʼ, 560Ļ֣жĽ200֡
ͬʱһûɵڻɱ棬ʾһߣ0/1
΢ʱǲǽ쿴޴ޱȵߣָŲܵˣѾˣ˭ɱߣ
ܲȥܾ˰ɣ
΢ʱе㲻ʵϾӦǲôԶģȥҲ֪
޴ֵʱ͵ص㶼գҲԸٴȥ̲գֻһΣǺϧġ
ǲ֪ݶûˡ
һˮûɱˣǱ߽ˣĻĿġ
΢ʱ˼ֿԣԺне뷨ܾ鲻Ԥϵô򵥡
˵ͿõˣԽԽûȫУҪһȽϰȫĵطܹ˶
΢ʱٴνԡ׵ˮУͼԼ侲һ㡣
У·صԭ磬ǰ࣬Ҳַʽѹ
΢ʱоԼֹŬ嶼ЩסˣȻΪһܵˣʱͨҪ࣬ĸоʮֵƣ
ǹһһµǣɱ¾Щľˡ
΢ʱ˱ʱ䣬Դˮ̧Ÿоֻصʵ
ȫֻͣҪһͣ͸оеĸӿˡ
΢ʱޱĴԡ侲ĲϵˮǼƺ޵ĳζȷʵѾϴɾˡ
·컹ţȻôһ£ûһʱ䡣
΢ʱӿռȡǸңռʱ䶼ǾֹģԽȥʲôʲôڱ⡣
򿪽ҿ˿ССӣȻػһ壬һĴָСĺɫӡ
ɫʰ쵣ʣЩɫʲһƷֲͬһ
΢ʱʶûȥһӣȡһӣȻôһա
һɫĻ˲串ӣȻֻϨˡ
Ӹӵĳγȫ˻ɫû˸ոЩɫʲһʡ
⿴Ǹ΢ʱ֪;
룬ЩյƷ˳֮ǰˮ£ħΪĶ
ҽԺ͵ĺңĿǰ֪ʲôôг½͵ĽҲһƷ
ĿǰӣһĸЩƷˮݣ󲿷ֶûõġ
ЩͷԣЩƷܻǮ
ϵͳЩܻܲȡ֣
΢ʱôҲ˳
ϵͳܿ϶ĻشܣרעǰҪΡ
ϵͳĻ飬ֱǰ˦
΢ʱҲһЦϾ˵ҲеʲôܻĻҲͲô׬ˣȻĶһӾͨ˷ܶһӵĿ꣬Ҫһ׷ʵ̫ˡ
΢ʱͷ뵽ԭֻȥߣȥʱСѾӰ
ߵĻӦҲ٣ٴ֮ǰıֿҲһҪɫ
ĺܿÿһ֣΢ʱе㻳ԼǸ񣬴ͷһʱ䣬Ѿ̳ʼˢӡ
ָͣƬ̣ûдӼܾһһ̫ѹեԼˣɲô졣
΢ʱ࿴һһ̳ͷìͷֱָȷСӡ
΢ʱһˣģɽСʧȥԱһȷСӺͺԶӦøȫ
Ļ飬Ѿ˺ĳ̶ˡ
Ҫһصģô˵
һһ˲ͱˣ΢ʱȥ˳ʱ䣬ظͼʮӡ
ֵ˽ȥȫˢʵ׷ʲô飬Ȼһ¥¼ȫ̡
ǴһǱˣȫ˲ϿݵʲôˢһӵȶȾͶȥһֱƮ̳ҳ
΢ʱԭΪʱӦòܶŶԣû뵽Ҷڣ̳ǱڵûǺܶࡣ
˶ڳԹϣһ棬۶ȾǻӸ߲¡
ǣ˵һƪӲ߬ʵģϴ༭ģĺŷˡ
潫ľıλԱ
ף߸ġźϴʮֵѪȣ̳Ҳãʲôֹݡ
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ֻƽʱҶ²ϸٷ˶ŸɣһͷʾȫˣǿɽСǰʱ仹ĵ
ǶˣµЩ˲֪ǿֲ´ǻԹѾã˿̶һӦ˳ĺŽǡ
ȶȿǰܿˣˣ̶̵ӣǳɰǧáųЩ˵֣ǿѷҲơ
֮ǰ΢ʱҲԹưͿΪٷӵϽһ㣬ʵϲġ
֧С˵ǹٷģʵϷǳĲףǼʵԲϣƽʱִпԭһصĵطִɥ
һ΢ʱЩ߶ʶһΪΣնǱˣû̽飬ԭشʱ䲻õ£Ͳ֪ж졣
ЩƨˣҲˡ
εб˸ĻìͷֱָԶ
ȷСںԶţл嵹֮󣬳ھǺԶΪӲгõĶг֣һʱ侹Ȼûбε
ּۿĽͼϸԭȳԹϵˣڿ֮Ҳɫ
ǹϵĴ£ٴҲ涶ˣһʼˮˡ
΢ʱˢ˼˳ʱҲûܹæĵط
濪ѰԱģ΢ʱ룬ӣʼ±ҪӵһЩʸߵĵӣִ룬ȻϷһֲԤУʲôͻȻһ
֮ǰԤУԤе棬εץסʱЩѷԱʱ֮衣



97 
ӱ̧ĺܿ, һˣȺڵֹסˣһж, ̧ȥ֮ҳ˲ˢ
΢ʱȥ˿, ϶˵ȷСģʵ֮ǰҲ˵, ѹ
ңÿ˶ڿ顣
΢ʱû˼Щ¼ˣܿһĿ, ӷȥ, 󲿷ֵ˶æڳԹϣȫûҪ˼ˡ
΢ʱ˺ܾòҵһԸЩ£ȥĶ顣
֮ǰ΢ʱûпʾûͦģЩѪӵȫһ
̳ںյӣ΢ʱѼӶȥһ, ȷ鲢ûʲôõı֮ű
ֻҪ΢ʱ뵽лԡ
ȻѾƽŮĹ⻷ˣȻϣܹܹһ, ϾҲݱϡ
ô, ȥлԵš
ڵĴֹͣˣߵűߣǰŴˣ΢ʱɵͷֲʧеɢš
ϴʱԼ, ΢ʱЩԾⶼ˼Сʱˣѵϴ
лԵʹʵ𣿡
΢ʱеֻ˻ΣҲڽһ㿴ҪҪһȥ
лù˿΢ʱҵҲڳ⣬ԶһЩ˵ΪʲôȥֱлҪҪһˡ
лԵҲ̽ԷͬٺòͬĻҲѶȻήࡣ
лֻǿһۣ˵á
΢ʱһʱЩûзӦȰ˵һ¶Էû뵽ֱӾʹӦˡ
лԽֻ΢ʱóֻһϸʾ
˵ֻҪһ𣬾֪ԷϢˡ
΢ʱû뵽Ŀôʹˣμ
εķСɽԯޣڿ÷ԭسλá
΢ʱΪ֮ǰȥǱߣǸططҪϤһЩһͱˡ
΢ʱһ֮ǰļӳ֣ԷǱߺܿͨ룬жʱ͵صȫ
û뵽ô͸㶨ˣ΢ʱֻʱһЩ㱣ЩһһȫͣĽࡣ
ɱôߣķܿˡ
оҸڳ֣΢ʱϲԾ¶΢ЦлԴ˸к֮ˡ
ȻһлԵУһָˡ
ץͷ֣Ŀ΢ʱص˷䣬öԷЦƺ̫ɰһЩлԵҲԾ¶һЦݣĺлһĹʡ
ڸԵķһ˻
΢ʱʰԼȥлķ䣬鿴лڴϣѾܼ򵥵Ķˡ
Ĵֹͣ˷ף໻ҩܽ賤á
˿ڱ÷ɷʹ
ûҩǺѰģл岻ܴΣҩÿ˳Է⣬Ҫҩ⼸ֱӵ˿ʮ˶һȦ
ǰͰ׵ӶǺлԽԽˡ
ле鱾¶һЦݣ
Щϰǿڹﶼǰ칫ˣӲ΢ʱоϰࡣ
΢ʱûôֻ֪࣬ϰߣ㣬õ𣿡
лָָԼָĻǸоеġ
˵ţͶѾػͨѶ豸ϡ
ڲܴͨѶ豸Ȼͻᱻڵ׷ٵ
һ˵ܹȷʵġ
΢ʱ˵ͷʾ뷨
Լֻ˹ȥȻ˵ڻϢ֮УҾӦҪ֪ЩϢ
лֻֻǿһۣûüʣüͷš
΢ʱֻ̳ǱߣѾ˾ӣлʧһ
ӸǱˣ֮ǰбɾľ⼸Сʱɴ˽̳ҲˣùԱʱòȨޡ
˿еħֶ̳ð˳
ӸעĿȶȾӸ߲£嵽˰ףлһ۾ܿ
һĿʮеһ飬͵̧ͷ΢ʱȷСʲôʱ飬ȥй𣿡
ķ˹ؼ㣬лȻڲϣҲʱעÿ˵Ķ
΢ʱ֮ǰ²Ըһ¾˼
΢ʱͷûǵģʵ֮ǰҾͷȷС⣬ֻǸʱݣ̫˵
лĿһӾͱ֮ǰ۵ħ𣿡
΢ʱͷˣʵʱҲֻܶԵϣǲлܹµóֻķӦҲ̫һЩ
лȻҾ˵ҿʱСӵ㣬ǸӰȷʵЩơ
΢ʱÿɷ񣺡û취ӾºαΣ㻹ȿЩɡ
ⷽ飬лֻýֻٸߣ鿴ݡ
ˣ֪ˣϢҲûôףСΣллҴϢ
ԴӴֻҪһͺǣ˿ڣ΢ʱ°û£飬㣬úϢ»ȥ
лȴûô׵ıƽס΢ʱӣһ˫ֱĿǸ鷳һ¡
΢ʱһ㶣ͷ˿ϵ˿ڣֿΪʹ԰׵촽һֻûڣֱ˻ȥ
ǲܷ±ˣԼϺӵģЩϢٳһлɫָѿʲô̶ȡ
΢ʱַֻԼĲϣлıĽ˴ûѧ֪ƾжŤ
ֻĿǰ뵽ɵķʽ˭ҲҴȵĶһ΢ʱͷ۲лı飬ɫɻһ
ͷ֮лŽַſ
ҽһҽСΣ鷳ˡ
΢ʱͷȥϢˣسڵͲòĵˡ
һžͲײлԣ΢ʱһ֪ʲôʱվġ
ȻһûУ΢ʱ˺һôһ
лĬÿһ΢ʱĪĿһۣ¥ȥлӢˡ
лԵֻֽ߬תлķ䣬˳־ʹš
л˼ţЩ˳лԽʶİڳһôѿɫСôˣʱҪչˡ
Ļû˵꣬лԾ͸һҩˡ
лɫ˲ʮֵʹ࣬ҩ֭¶Ϊѵɫ
챻ĥѾζζˣҩܱܣֻ޿ӵʱŶһȫȵ
ڸû㣬һЩĿлԣȵȰɣҲŸպȹЩȲˡ
лԲΪֻǶ۾ûз¡
лһ͸оԾֶŮԼûС꣬ͦ˽ԷΪģһǽϾˣȵĲݡ
лֻܶҩһꡣ
лùϵıӣֵһлǻعζˣƺԼ
лҩһ£ƺûһ
ֻȺ£˽ӷϣȥϵǡ
лĵͷĽϵǿ߳š
СԣСԣǣ
лûĺʩʩȻ߳˷ţǹһĨЦӭ΢ʱлӢ˵ͷ¥



98 
΢ʱͷһ, תͷͽ˷䣬лһʹڴϡ
һæǰѯôˡ
лҡҡͷ, ˿Ѿ˵ˣָָֻܲԱߵıӡ
΢ʱ, лӢȴ붮˼˿ˮл, Ц˵ôˣô¿ࡣ
л˵ֻǱ۾, лӢݹĸʲһ, СͳԲ࣬˵㣬Ҳֻһ˰ɡ
΢ʱףʲô˵һʹӷ˳ȥˡ
Ѿûʲôˣ΢ʱ׼¥лԺúõһȥִϸˡ
ȸл, еĬ
һȥ˵ĬʶģȻҲụͨϢˡ
ҲĽһЩεĶϤ, Ӫϵο, ֧СӲСǡ
΢ʱһ¥ͿǺͽᳯ֣ʾһԡ
ÿ÷ɺ÷¶ڳϴ֣ߵĿλܴ
СʵԱߵһ, ԵĶᶼ䱸ˣĳԵ㡣
ϰСԱ߳ԷʵԷͦģڱĿԲ
΢ʱָС˰ˮΪԹĽ
ν㣬ǽȥɶˣ
ǻڳţҲʣʵЩ棬ϾˣͦĵģҪץÿһȤ
΢ʱ˵ʱʱʱľͻ³һЩδŵ飬رȤ
΢ʱӣĿѲǴＹըС㣬Ͷӳ˼ˣȥǳʳ
΢ʱһЩſʼشǵ⣺Ŷ̽һ³ڵľźŲãȥԶһĵطˢϢ
Ҳûȫ˵ѣϾЩҲȷˡ
ȥʱ̹ףϾ֪ԽԽá
ǰһźȷʵе㲻̫ã¥ϵĸӱ紵ʱʱģʱˢʲô
еûʹ࣬ûҲûǻȰ˵Լûеû͸δ걣һ
ûʲôȿԲʹˡ
΢ʱ˵ͷǵģ̫ãЩĬϻѾˣӦù˶þܻȥ˺ˣ͸ˡ
ǺͽԶЩʧ䣬˵ʵڹѾȳڵ˶ҪˣøɻҲõЩթ
ÿֻҪղˣʳ㹻ˣ˲Ż׺ƽж
Щʳڳûи߼²и߼ҲûгͲǳԵôá
˶һۣ̾˿ĬĬʼϢ
ȺӶǶҪȥ鲢С
Ҫعģֻʱ⡣
÷Ҳ˷ϣĸŮɫ֮࣬ǰռʱƣûʲô񣬷·ʱȥӡ
֮ǰ˶ĺˣҲԶû¶٣˱ϣÿ˳Ծ˯ûķգûѹ͸Ҳ𽥺
ÿֻҪԼ꣬ҩ˵ǱȽɵģ΢ʱǷǳ˵ǵҪ󲢲ߣʮֵĿݡ
˦ӳԣǼвˣĸŮ˸оֱá
΢ʱԵҲܿ죬ʱʱĽĿͶߵлԣϵЦݲ֪Ϊʲôʧˣһʲô顣
극ʣµҲ΢ʱģȻȻлԵߣһжǽнְɣ
лԵ˵ͷ΢ʱŷΧģû뵽лԷңתʱоЩţЩһᡣ
˶æԼ飬ŷǻﳵȥɣˣʲô鶼ȸһ£̫ΣգһҪҪһһǰں棬֪𣿡
˵ǺܿлԲʱ΢ʱоԼ궼ɳˣŮʵΣյһˣлԺȻʧĳʮΣգĻץ
ǰ·˭Ҳ֪ôȥлȻΣգнİ취΢ʱЩóýۡ
л˿ϺȻ˱飬΢ʱֱЩİδлԵϼ͸ķɫҲʮֵƮ
΢ʱü˾ôһᣬлԵĺԱЩҡ
ʱ΢ʱ̧ĸĶͷϣһĳ˵˲ҪӲţȡˡ
лԵƤһ۾վͷҲصˡ
΢ʱε֣΢ʱĬĬķֱۣĵĬĬ²Ů粻
ϵͳû˵ŮʲôЩ㲻ôúõľˣҵ𣿡
ϵͳĬĬıȳһ= =
ϵͳĹǷһЩרעĿǰ񣬲ҪĲС
΢ʱ⻰˵ĲԣȻҶѾͨˣȻҪ˽һЩһʲô黹֪µ򡣡
ϵͳĬһᣬƺڲѯҲ֪ϲͬĹ۵㡣
ǸûطĽܣ߲ûµıϵͳ޷ȡŮԸ񡣡
΢ʱһͣƣˣ֪ˣ߰ɡ
ϵͳû£ǼĻһǻ΢ʱԺ֮УĿǰǷ񳬳˷룬רעϾǵһλġ
΢ʱЩ⣺Ȼ˵׼ϵͳôˣرࡣ
Ժеʧˣϵͳع
΢ʱŷһӰûʲôƣĸоˣΪ鶼ΪԼģҪһԲŻ᲻иŬ
֮ǰе鶼ǰߣò粽ǰ
΢ʱһСʱ¥˯ǰ̳źŲãˢ˺ܾã˲ûиϢŰĵ˳ˡ
ͨѶ¼ﵹһƶĸϢ֮ǰڳϵʱһֱļ΢ʱȥ
ÿʺͲֻ࣬ûأԷƶطš
ǳһʵǿһ쵼˺ߵŶûмӣȷʵЩлķ緶ˡ
΢ʱûʶлӢȥԣûһжעġ
˯ڶͬһʱߵ¥
ǳ½ǲκμģҲһЩ
΢ʱҪлһŵˣһ׼˽·ҪԵĶ
βǰԵˣ԰Ѷֱսռ䣬·ʮֵķ㡣
лȫװ΢ʱֳˣҪȥĵطԶǿųߡ
һ·˶ûô˵ֱĿĵصĸһû˵ĵطͣгαװ
֮ǰ÷ڵسͬһһ·ϾɫЩϤȥ·һġ
΢ʱоЩ֣ѵʲô
ǰʱúõģ·ߵʱܸܵ޵ǡ
ֱֻŵĸоûϴôԣ·ڿ˼վ¥µŵˣһ˵ĺ췢رۡ
΢ʱһⲻ
ӵĲǱˣϻڿȰȥ



99 
СڳԱȻ֮ǰ, ΢ʱǵЩӡ
Ȼ֧ٷ֯Сӣֲûӷգ
΢ʱлԶһ, ˶û˵
߽ˣ࿴һ, Ӧûϳǵġ
ˣ˵, ֱñţ֣, 
΢ʱõ﷢, и壬ǰͦñϵġ
Ȼ΢ʱҲܲ³š
첻㹻αװҲҪϳ
˵׼֣˷װͿɽСӻǲһǵװ, һľ
΢ʱǵ1κûΣǷˮ, һԱ˿ɾͲ, ͦпģһ㣬ûС
Сﻹǵ͹ԣȻѡǾӦ, ֮ҡ
ȻԱҲֻǿһۣûж˵ʲôҲǺѴкԹԵļ˵
΢ʱǶЩ̫⣬ڱȽϹĽ쾿ɱٶܵõ֣еҪ֡
˵һᣬĵͼҲһݣõСӶõߵͼֻҪֻһܴ
ֻ֮ǰҲͲԼ׼ˣͦģڵͼѾֹͣˣֻйٷŻʵʱĵͼ͸ˡ
΢ʱͷ鿴һۣľȻ֮ǰǽ÷ĸŮĵط
üֺܿɿֱӦòɺϲŶԡ
΢ʱָ˵ֻͼ´ֻ棬鿴ˡ
ǰ漸˵һ֮кǸϣǴˣԽߣ΢ʱ͸оֱߵľɫԽϤ
ܿǾͿ÷ɼûüϵĴţԱһ̲Ѿ˵Ѫɫģ涼ǲӬ
еζҲʮֵţ֪֮ǰײѹǼ˺澿ôˣϣǵ̫ãȻ̫˲ˡ
˾֮ϧԼû⼸
ֱ·÷ɼңȥļ֪˭ֻǸں濴ʲô
·беѪ֪ǲǼµġ
΢ʱѾѵʱ׼ˣ֮ǰʶ˵ĵ񣬾ǹٷˣЩ˵ԸҲǲģעⰲȫĺá
лԲ˵Ҳ˷̬
ĽϾĵģҲϰգ˿̶Ƕڼﲻţ˯Ϣ
ߵƵķǰͣ˵ˣˣǵǽ⼸ץȷСӵ鱨ľ˴ģı죬Ҵע
ģɵĻ΢ʱѾϰˣȷСѾˣǵĻˣҪҪԼ
ϢҲ̫һЩûоҲûоڲЩ˹ԤţŲʲô
΢ʱתͷ˵ֻǰǵڻң֪
һ룬΢ʱ֪Ԥǲġ
ȻĿתˣˣţȽȥҿǵʵ
΢ʱЩڻˣʲôǵʵ
һۣлվԭûж
ü˫һ˭Ҳûж
ôѵϢǼٵģǽҲɣ
΢ʱƤЦⲻЦĿڣҿû˵֮ҪǰģΪʲôǵϣǵ˶һ㣬װҲһЩɣ
öе³Աȥ˵һĶһ䱸ȷԱٲҲǶӳϡ
΢ʱӵóĽۣȻҲųЩȱµСӣļĶԱϣֻһһᱻֱӱס
֮ǰӣ΢ʱЩعζѵ˵֮ǰЩûа취ʱķǱǰʹˣ
ûл˵
΢ʱԽԽġ
Ļüʲô˼ҪеǹҼǵöвҪṩⷽĶɣ
΢ʱ۾µҲһȣľúЦ
ֲ׳أ˵ǿȣ󲿷ӦöѡȥǱԣлȷʵǱǿһЩ
ˣñĸԸΪ
Ա˵ĻЩ⣬ҵ˼ǵϣҼǵûļĶԱϵĵɣǵ㱨Ϊǲӳˣ
΢ʱ⻰˵ĺ飬ǽ˵ӲڵĦ
˹Ȼŭ⣬׷ǰһƺҪѵһ
סˣ΢ʱĿĿ֧鶼ĿɽСӣȻҲпǶĳֻ̬⣬ÿ˶ѱ˵һµġ
Żôظ飬һֱѯ΢ʱܷһӣȡһ鷳飬Щһÿγ񶼸û
ˣЦ֮ǰڳϿЦһģʮиȾ˿žһ׽ĸо
һʼ̬ȣ΢ʱĻῼһԡ
αװĲףʶľͱ¶˱ԣ˿ٴαװ΢ʱȴѾ͸ıʣˡ
֮ЩᣬΣϵߣֻҪһǵĻϾǵһκϵʱĬǵһλģζûУôҲȽѡ
΢ʱˣվԭһƣȻڻҲһģɡ
ɫЦ΢ʱʱָ߸ϵʱҵĸо
˵ĸоʹǰྶͥû˵ʲôֻ̧üԱȽ
΢ʱһӻ𣬽лԶһЩĲӽʹյĶ߱ߣһ۾۲ǰˡ
˲صǣεҲУúõıңɱ˾ˡ
лʶӣץסԼ֣Ȼ˵ͷ
΢ʱоЩȣ˵껰֮ɿ֣лԶһЩҲ̫ˣ̧ͷһ죬ȷʵղһ
Ѿͼ˰ںƣ˼ӣɵķǽͷ
洫صǳɹȥˣ΢ʱſ͸ŷ濴ȥ氲ģͨũԽӡ
ſڵɫмĿһۣһߵ΢ʱǵߣҪ˼
Щ˵Լ֮ǰǿˣ˾ȻԱ̬ȣ֮ǰԼûȥûôüֵָܶٵİۡ
ۿ˵ˣסˣǿѹ˵ģΪ˾ǲϳԼ
һױ¶Լ
˴һϡϡĶһҲûţŰעŻص棬Щż
΢ʱ͸ŷ죬滹һƬûпʲôˡ
ſڵЩˣǺ˴Ӧ˼һ׼塣
΢ʱҲ˼⣬˵Ӧòʲô̫ΣղŶԡ
ʱлԳ˳·ָָ档
΢ʱ̧ͷȥֻŷһֻѪɫ۾úϡ



100 Ե
̧ϵذ, ׼ݵڵ۾ֻһƺʲôҺ彦˳
΢ʱоǲѪҺ, Ϊûʲôʺɫ
ذףҺ廬ıδڵϡ
ڵĶһ, ˲ʹ
˶ˣոǰ˶ûвʲô
û˵ķӦ, һų˹ȥ
һ֮ȻûпҲ΢΢Щ, ⶯Զ, ΧӦöˣҪϢĽȥǲˡ
ʣµԱҲ̫涯ôȴû㷴ӦΣա
̿ʼһţڼ˵Ŭ֮±θ, ι̡
΢ʱЩЦˣо⼸ǲвˣܲûʲôֶΰ, ȻɰͰ͵ĸš
ѵ˶ǲҪ
ӵĿ湻ʧܵ, ֲһһͷ
л壬ͳȥ˾ȳˡ
ûཻѻͲҪˣռݶͨȥŬҲδɡ
ǶˣԼ峹ײ
Ĵ
˼ͣ, £˿ŴӱͳһС͵иȻֱӽڵλþˡ
⶯ضѣ΢ʱл䱧վһߣûдǰæ˼
ε͵ûɱ֣һŲ
Ͼ˭һҪԼڻҵʲôøУŻȻ򿪣ոչϵ˴˿ڵϡ
С΢ʱϳƺ֮ǰǳǼ֮ͥеĺӡ
沿ܹ죬֮ǰ˵ģȴʮԵ͹𣬻һЩɫİ̺
Ǳ֮µİ̺ۣ֪ЩʲôⶼҪˣһֻſڶҵĹ
ΪǲƵſ˵ģ÷ǳޣûʲôǿĹһɱˡ
һոձ΢ʱȥĿƺֱԸɣȫʧȥжڵһ΢ʱǰţάŸոյӣȫûˡ
˿ʼѰոսúõĵǽߣǲ֪Ϊʲôԭˣûʲô󰭣Ҳڡ
ǸĶԱһᶼҪˣȷʵҪ֮¼Ĺϵ
ˣЩĶԱҲѲ˸ϵֻܼ֤İȫ
΢ʱǾ⼸˵ӣȫġ
˶ҵˣ֪Ȱ̧Ժĥĥ䣬֪ʲô
ҲûаæĴ㣬лվ棬ع۲ܡ
⼸ӣֵϲû˳ҲڶԱķˡ
ЩãۣƺǲӦֵڵϵĸо
̽վ˺һѹ
ܾ֮ǰƺǷʲôոսʱһ˫Ѫɫ۾žʧȥʶٴͿԱ
ЩԺˣվˣĵԼڳ
Ϊʲô˿ʲô鶼ûУֻԼеǰ䣬ڱӳҪ
΢ʱ䵭Ŀһû˵ֻǾĵһķӦ
Դоոֱֱȥ֮ٴʹ
һţû°ɣҪҪȻȥ
εոտʼǽһͷϻȥõѡ񣬵ģԲ뿴ùġ
ֻҧ֣ҡҡͷĿͶվˡ
Ҫ˵Щʲô˵ĶͬʱϾľ֨һ춯
ԭյĴţ˿̲֪ΪʲôȻſһ죬̽һݵԴ
΢ʱЩϲˣϵ⼸˽ȥȥʮӪӣֻмϡİͷܱƺһ͵̫̫
۾Ĵ󣬻Ϊ̫ݵԵʣľ
ڰ׷ڼ֮תһȦȫڵһˣִһЩŵ𣿽ɣ
ᣬ΢ʱʾ֭Ҳû뵽֮ǰӣû½عǵĳ
Ů¶һЦݣϡ跢Ƶ촽ֿտյڿǻ֧֮
ŴһЩһƣĹպܳ㣬ԽȴǺģģľЩ
΢ʱǰһʵûиоʲôΣգȥ͵ڴϳŮһͲ⣬Ҫǵˡ
ˣֳѾŵܿˣ΢ʱлԲ˰ֳ沿ӽȥչȭš
оѾڳˣһƬĹﶼɾ֪᲻ʲôľϲ
΢ʱл˴ǰƺǽŮ˵룬Ѱһ׼ݡ
ֻԺɫѿ˻վԭĬĬԽԽ
ѾˣΪӳȻûʹԼȨȥܵĪĳ衣
Ͼ㽻׼ʱ򣬶ӳĻȨˣ˶Խߵָӡ
ۼ߽ȥԱԼͬؽĿͶѯ
ǽĿĶ΢ʱıӰ˿Ϸ䣺ߣҲȥ
ԥĿ⿴Ÿǿʵӳ̫ðɣ㶼ˣǻҪ֤İȫҪ񽻸Ҳһġ
ĿĶһͷҰޣƽڸλǱװĹȫͬĶëȻϵĺë׷
ֻҪִöҵɣ𣿡
˵첽˵ݣӱ˴˵пΣû취ֻܼϡ
˶կ֮֨һֹϣ˲䱻ںڰ֮УֻøոձŭͷԣһЩ֪Щոյһʱ嶯
΢ʱǰ棬û󿴣ֻǻԵע󷽵Ķ
۲ŷڵĲãӲûбװ޹澹ȻˮأеĴôǷвҪ̫һģ¶ҲһЩ
ûʲôζڵļҾƺӵˣ÷ɼһŻסҪ
յģ΢ʱо涼һЩŲĻ
ܵ˵ӲǻסģŮ˵ĲӯûͿô̬
ץһִֵĺ¾ġ
ֻΪǹ·Լᳵ·ǰˤǿ巽
Ӻܴ΢ʱ˰죬Ů˿ʼ¥ϸϸԽԽʲôھ׽ʳ
ŮűͷҲصؽʱʱػͷһۣţֻаڹ֮Уӵɭֲˡ
΢ʱǲ̫£ϾʲôϡŹֵ鶼ˣҪ˵ֲԽֲ顣
̲סʵҪȥģ
ϾǴţŮ˻ǺòĻشĻͣԷôУ
ܿǶ˶¥¥ȺܿҲװ޵ĺۼǻ˵ˮǽˮ档
ŶУŮ˴ţ¶ǸϤЦݣˣɣ׼ķ˴պųԣԸһھС
Ĺƺöˣ֮ͣΪ˲ߡ
ƴĳһƶǵˣѾȥʱˡ
沿ȫеˣ֭Ҳ˳ѪһأΧڲ߳ԷǰǳЩˡ
ֻǵӸǰȫһˣǺɫ͹ۣȥŮȫһԵ׳˶ԵЩͻأİ̺ۣЩĸ졣
ļͳǹԥض׼ǰЩˣǺܿ죬Ǿĵȥ
ǰ˷ܵĿⴹѵĶڵϵˣͲˣҵĶӺöôоԶԲأ
ûϵܿܳԵ۶֭ˣһӵɡ
΢ʱлȴúõվԭأŵһصζ֮ǰ߶ǹζĻϣûôȳ
΢ʱûеȥΪ¥ʱ͸л֮ǰ·ϳԹǿЧǡ
ѳԵĳ̶ȲҩѵЧҲĺá
˿˲ûʲô⣬ǰϵıȴˣֱĶûµķ⡣
΢ʱŸոջŮ˵ĹǹӰһһ˲͸߳ͷ컨ϡ
΢ʱһߵϣߵƵģɳԶͱ΢ʱɢˡ
еĹﶼȵĿһ˲Ӳǰվ̬Ҳٷ˱仯
΢ʱ˷ܵĦȭƣһȭݺݵȥ



101 ǸĽѵ
ڻƵ⽫ÿֻյɲ
ϺɫѪҺڻҰķи, ϵȷʵһ
У΢ʱһȭһû뵽֮ǰ˵ĶĹ, ڲϽԭͬ࿪Ƥǡ
һμô˱ɵĹ
ҲĵķΧУԼ׸ʳ, ð˶ԱȳзЩлľƵз, ͦóԵġ
΢ʱЩͷΣ뷨֮, ڵľ׽š
Ȼʱûε, ζȷʵӰ쵽ڲսپĻ´ҲΪЩʳ
лԱĸݣЩﳤ忴ӲȴĺܣֻҪʹȭܸһش
ЩɳʱӦòǺܾ, ǵڱ֮ûȫĳɺõӣȱģ͸֮ǰ΢ʱЩĹһġ
治ʱ˻ᷢչʲôӣ΢ʱ뵽Сɽߡ
֪ΪʲôЩû̫, ԭĹ, ɾͲһˣǶԭͬġϲ̶ȿ˵ǿǰ
ȫȫصʳοЩڵĵطô, ˳ˣǺܿҲᵽڵλá
ʱԺп¶д鷳΢ʱ뵽Ӽᶨ˰ǲľġ
лԸЩУոЩֻнӳ׵пŻ֮᳹ǰײſǸСкпȷ
ûôϸģֻǽЩﰴճȫ򻵣˵кܶ©֮㡣
΢ʱϸļÿһĴܿһƬǽ壬֫ 
ǹֵζҲԶԶԽɢˣ΢ʱҲĲ࣬Ͻȡһƿˮڣζʵ˲ҹάΪӦͲǡ
ˮȥǱʹĸо
˰ɣлŵ𣿡
΢ʱ˿ϵʬ壬ǰлߵ߰ѴĹ͸˽Ӷյʮֵá
˳ĹӾûиտʼôֲɭˣ¶ҲߣֺȵշΧ»صӡ
΢ʱѴ򿪣ɢɢζ
ůĴ˽ո䳱ʪĸоһɨա
΢ʱߵ䣬ǽǴǽŮˣάŸռʱֻ̬ڵӺ͸ոȫͬˡ
ţҪİԼĴڸнһЩŵҲϨˣڵϡ
΢ʱЩ֣ʵǹ𣿡
Ů˼æ⣬¶һֺõЦݣͰ͵ѿ
ǲǣҶǵвȣҲˣҸ޷ǣҰɡ
΢ʱ¶һЦݣôǵøտʼʱ򲢲ģ㽫ʱ򣬿ûһ˿вȵĸоЩˣ᲻Ҳвѽ
Ů˾ֵҡͷ΢ʱһĨ˲ӡ
ڲûѪЩһģֻƺ̫ˣչʾҲǳޡ
Ȼ²ʲô滰ģ΢ʱԼĹϣּ˷֡
Ǵɨо֣ļ˲תһֵĴӵˡ
˸ǰʵǶʲô
΢ʱʱѾﵽ˼㣬ø⼸˷ϻѾˣҪˡ
лԸͳ׼˼ˣûǰϵǹսɵԼ
⼸˷Լûǹʱ򣬲Żܿŭ΢ʱǸͲʶԷ⣬Ϊ΢ʱЩʲôǶڡ
֪ǰĴһĿ˹ˣڱ˵ǰ
ǸöϧЩûС
˵ܲ̾ͽ˼ŭˣֻȫʱĳҲͬһʱʾ˳
˱ŭľҪǰסȥ·΢ʱĳȴҲ˵ʲôҪ˵Ļˡ
Ȼ΢ʱлԵʵ֮ϣĴǸֻһ
ͨȫһȼģε֮ǰôΪԼҪˣǧٰĺڲӦ¸ġ
ؼʱı˴׵ĸûһûЩҲˣʹɣʲôû
ǻͷŻź⡣
˿ѾһЩڸոյĳ嶯ˣѾҲ޲ˣܶ˵ͷֻӲͷƤŲӣڳոյ̬
Ҳһһ˲ƻˡ
΢ʱ˿̵ܺãЩ˹ľ
ֻǹԴ
СƢ˭ֻƵĹſԾԾԣҪǹףǱסˡ
źʶȤĳ˵ͷλҲ˳
΢ʱ˲ģͬʱҲȷˣĴ֮ǰװģĵֶȷʵͦЧģȻ˾úϡ
ƭ˹ȥСﲻȥԱǿϧˣֲʵҲ˿ӵҲ֪ıԡ
αװĻǲףʱʱ֮̿ǰһȻһһβĺ
΢ʱ¥ŭ𣺡ҵţ´ٿ㣡
΢ʱתͷûй̧һǹСȡ
ŭʹİ˶𾪵Ŀƺû뵽΢ʱһС
Ͻ˺ԱģǲĵĹ涨һֱҲúõ涨ڣ涨ˡ
΢ʱΪȳЦŽзģæҵֵ£һǹûӡ
˵´μ棬ʵҲû´ˣ鷢΢ʱֱɱˡ
ĶԱû׷ѧˣǰ֮ҲҶ΢ʱԲѷ
ҲûСӣֱ¥ţˣ΢ʱҲˡ
лԸߣĬĬĿе飬ʲôû˵
ܵ˵֧΢ʱģϾʲô˳ۡ
΢ʱߵ÷ɿ죬ܿ͵ǳڵλá
Ӹ֮ǰǿĳһġ
ӵ䣬ϸֳһЦݡ
л֣лЩԵĿǹԹԵĸ˹ȥôˣҪҲսռ𣿲ǲе̫ĿŵһЩ
ΧܿտûܹڵĽôһƾʧĻ˭˶֪ϵܡ
΢ʱʳָ˰ڣȻǣôܰǵĳ͵أ̫ˡ
лԿı飬ֱӦûʲô·
ֻ΢ʱšĸӣװıͳһӺһֻСͰл˲ҪʲôֻԵĽһ⳵ͣ⼸ʲô鶼ûɣԱ˳ŵģ·ҲǶɡ
˵ŽӲ濪ʼ͵ͣлԲ֪ôеģЩεЦˡ
СӷɫǺķһ߳Ͷʣ»õ˽ڵĹʬϳſ뿪
ǳӲʻʮ๫Ϩˡ
亹乣űϼ׵һͷһɫ
ǵĳͣһƬïܵĹϣܿ쳵ڵ¶Ⱦˣȵ͸
΢ʱ˰ȵʻ·ϣһ˳Ż˰ʱͻȥˣҲûʲôҵĵطȥܺͼһˡ
ϵͳĽҲˣĻջٷ֣Ȼ֮ǰСɽĲһ㣬ѶϵһȼģҲˡ
ڵĻܷ1825뷿ҲԶˣÿ춼ܽӵǿȵٹң׬Ļˡ
΢ʱоҸڳ֣˶չˣŤͷл¶һЦݣллȥ
лĿǰûпֻһǲԾҲһ˿Цݡ



102 еҪس
΢ʱ֪뷨˶һ, ʱڲӦĵʱ򣬻һʮָѵĸо
ϵЦݽά˼ӣֳ׵䵭
Լֺ̰ѹĸо, һӴˣ־Щ˻ΪԼĸ
˾ǻ̰Ҫһ, ΢ʱҲġ
ǻȥ֮þûп̳Ӹɵʾ
֪Щûб·ϣ΢ʱЩ˲ô, Ӧбõڳϡ
ٳûиµӣ黹ǲá
ʵڲôһ, ǿı, ԺҲٰɿɱѡȥˡ
ֱϣ˽ɻĲ˷űֳ֮ڿϢʱ΢ʱˢ³ӵ
ȻˣǳԱϣȲӦòǺܺãھȻûͣƵӵں׸Ⱦ, ·ϵôʱ㲻û֫
΢ʱֱҪúܶ࣬Ͼĥʹġ
ôᣬӻأǲ֪ôϵ, ᲻зϡ
΢ʱˢӳ, ӱ켸ӵȶɾӸ߲£ˢ˰ҵӡ
ɸѡһ֮ѡѶȵһ, 㱨ǱťǱ߲֪Ϊʲô˻ɫ
΢ʱһȦĿŻȥİť
˳ˢ˼飬ɱеҳŷԼ˺űֹˣһ¡
΢ʱойɻðϸ֪˭ɵġ
񾭲ٱԼӲ
Լһ滹̫ˣʱӦֱӰɱ˵ˡ
ϾҲûԼܹúûţ΢ʱ̾Լ̫Ȼ鷳
ťˣɴ˽Щ΢ʱֵùߵģ˺ű֮ʹòܡ
ȥϢʯ󺣣лԷϢ˫ղлԵ˺Ҳˡ
΢ʱЦˣϵЦݼֱ˯}˵ĵزСݻھԻȥ˵
΢ʱһƵĸоѹȥϵĳ֭һڣĳ֭ο˺ģ΢ʱ侲뵽һС
ӦðôӵģûҲȥɱˣ׬һҲ׬
΢ʱôţжǵ̳ƺҲרɱ˵ĵ֯
΢ʱ֪ǻԺǵ̫ˣЩǿЦģӣ̳л٣ֻܿͻᱻԱɾ
΢ʱţлԣ֪ܽ˭ĺȥϵһЩˡ
˽ϵֻܰϣˡ
֪ûдף߸ĺ£˶ѾˣŵٱʹҲ޼¡
΢ʱȥϢƵĻϵϢת˺ܾõȦŷȥûʲôţǽźʵ̫õԵʣһֱ޷ա
һ¡¡ģżɫӡڲ⣬һСƬҹա
ƺҪˣ΢ʱڴ߿ľɫȻ֮ǰʱҲ졣
Ϳһĳɽ£ڻûꡣ
ļһƣлҲŲС
΢ʱ˼һۣкҳȥһ£ܿͻ
˶ˢˢĿлӢʵСΣôˣҪȥģ
΢ʱصȥϿȥĵطܿͻ
ԲûеһʱӦҹȥȻ˵ˬδ֪Σʵ̫һЩ
½קסʵСΣôˣҪȥģҪȻȥɣ
˶춼ûʲôӡڼڼôҪţǡ
΢ʱûз˵ȥϿܿǼɡ
˵꣬Ҳ̵ܼȰ裬ͳš
飬˵ٶҲûãѾ˵ģ֪ͨѯǵ
Ȱ޹û˼ȥ׷׸΢ʱ¡
Ҳֻһϸϣһţо֮꣬ǰܲһ
µغܿͱȵıһ̲ˣ£¿ȥƺ˺ɫеĹ߶ˡ
ˮεδϣڶ߷Ƶ֪Σգʵ̫һЩ
޲Ǻܿ죬΢ʱ浯Ϳƽĸѣòһֱˮȥ
һᣬ̲ϾͱһźɫӰˣ֮ǰһģһ
Ȼйɺضģûм̲ļ˷׷۾½ЩԾĺϲ£죺ʲô
˶Ķž޴Ӱɵ֮ǰлԺ΢ʱľ棬ǲҪ̲
ˮܿͽ忪ɳ˳ͻɳѻ䣬ܿȻչ˵ǰ
εںУչŴ֣ţƺڴˮ
Ĵ¹½֯һ赸
վܹĿһչǰ̨硣
˶Ȼ𾪵˵־彻֯ÿ˵ͷûнһĿҲ˾쳣Ŀֲ
ֳ֪ʵлĿˣ˭ͷ·
⵽ʲô˵֮еڲͬˮѹױôģ
ΡΡ˵ţ˫ֽץסлӢĸ첲ͼѰһ˿ȫС
֮ǰ΢ʱ˵Ķôġ
ֱǲ飬һֱԼܣ˹ߵİһ֮ϣǲͬĴ𰸡
һͲùܹԸ˵
΢ʱˣǻȥɣӦûа취ֻʱŻں̲ߣֻҪǲԼȥһǲʲôΣյġ
㣬ʮʲݵĺӶ˿˳ľͲ뷨ھԵǰеͽͣȻ᲻ԸȤ
΢ʱĻ̻֮£Ĺŵȶˣȫ߲
΢ʱʾϾտʼʱҲ崻룬־һʼʱռݴԵĸй٣޷ж
лӢ֮¥鿴лƣȻ΢ʱ˵ⲻҪǾЩ¡
¸һ˵˸ӼᶨԺתһЩͻسǵ뷨
΢ʱڷ֮ĶԻǸֿһ飬Ѿ׼ˣȲҪسǣδһ̣ôҪɱһˡ



103 س
л÷ĸŮ˵ºõúܿ, Բڴܹµߣֻȥһڡ
׳Ҳʹ˺úܶࡣ
оٹлܻسˡ
, ڴһʼɧңǿάƽ
ѹֵ̫, лһ뿪˷׷, ðͷˡ
ԶӦòҰл廹ŵЩˣȻڵΧ˻ء
ֻܼϣлҩʯҽѾˣϾҽô, ôص, صھ޺תĿܡ
˵棬ۼл֮ǰɫһĻҰȥ΢ʱΪǳΣգû뵽Ǹ÷κˡ
ҽǸɶõ˲ţҲѹ̶ּŰӹˡ
סҲûиտʼ־н״̬Ҳ˲٣֮ǰƤͷ, ʮֵĿɲ
˵˽ӣ÷ɺܻ壬֮ÿ˵ʳһ£Ҹоˬ, ҲûкԺ, ÿ춼øй滮ˡ
΢ʱҲѧ٣о֮ǰϵСë˸߰˰ˣҲû˶ᱳʹĸо
о
⼸СƳˢĶ΢ʱڲȱʲô, ˶ѵһٿˡ
ֱǣ
1.400kg
2.𱴱Ϲ500kg
3.ɽҩ400kg
4.̫ȫ׹̶*3
5.ˮ500kg*3
6.ô͵*3
7.500kg
8.500kg
9.ݮ200kg
10.ˮ50kg
11.ݫ50kg
12.ⷬ3kg
13.500kg
14.ײ1000kg
15.600kg
16.ཷ200kg
17.800kg
18.1000kg
19.ɳǽ600kg
20.ƻ500kg
21.600kg
22.ƹ600kg
23.ļ1000kg
24.ݩ300kg
25.˹ţ1200kg
26.Ʒ2000kg
27.2000kg
΢ʱˣǰһ嵥Щȵ˵Щ϶ʳ￴ܳصǺŵ
Ȼ֮ǰϵͳҲʳȫûиôġ
ֱǰѳаˣ΢ʱϵͳֱ飬ԵЦˣллϵͳ
ϵͳĺܹԼ˵ٶ಻ʵڵĺôеľʵеĸд
ϵͳһûô˵ֱ΢ʱСƳ֮Űİֱ任ˣ( )
һַǳĸоƺһֱĵĵȴ΢ʱ佱΢ʱĽ˼䣬ϵЦȫزס
ҲǺþûϺöˣƬɽͷٴ󣬼ûûҹߵʳ϶˴΢ʱĿռ棬ǾòһΣдʹϵĶڻ
ϵͳЩĹԺܾãˢ³߲඼УӪʮֵľ⡣
΢ʱ̫㣬֪ǲϵͳΪ֮ûˢ³⣬֮ǰĺƴ̣ôõƷࡣ
΢ʱʾ⣬СƳˢ£Ҳ̤ʵˡ
֪ǲǺлԿĽ⼸ĿСûжϹֽ֮䶼࣬ȻۣǿŹ˵ġ
֮ǰ⣬΢ʱͷԡԼƻûس֮ԶһЩ
ٲҪһڴ̫ãлʱ徲ӿԹԭĵľʱҲܳ
Ϊ˱֮΢ʱúͶԷֺùϵͬʱҲһ롣
΢ʱһ壬Ƴ̵ִ֮꣬ķ۸ɾӸ߲£̾һֻĬĬĹϣô߼۵Ķϣϵͳ̵겢Ӧеۿۡ
ȫ²У΢ʱ˿̸ӵˣÿ춼ڼ
ȵġϢôãӻ׬ȡֵĲ
΢ʱͷˮ棬õĻѹķʽ̫嶼ˮʱо
ȣƵģʹˮҲ
ôһ˲䣬Ȼоƺһ˿⡣
ķ͸ķ϶͸˽Ըоһֵռݷ䡣
濪˿յҲûˬĸо
һȻ£дһ
΢ʱվ˲ϵˮϸſе¶ȣվţһᣬͻоȵĲУǴ˿̣¶ƺǰδеˬǻصԭһ
΢ʱѸٴ·¥һ¥Ŀյˣ˷׷׿
ưкôСΣ̫ܵĵ粻𣿡
΢ʱҡҡͷŴ򿪣һԵӿ˽ÿ˶ûи֮ܵǰֱ˵ÿ˶ϸĸţҪȷԼ롣
ڳ½㼤Ĵһ𣿶𣡡
ӿг˳ȥɸţȴˣɹ̵ģȴû֮ǰվһܲ˵ĸо
һ΢紵Ȼоĵһ˿Υˬ
˶ȸԾ
ἤſֱȥˣǵĿǲҪͷˣ
᲻ָ
ż˸˵΢ʱȴЩЦ粢
³ֱ֣ķǳֺ׼˶벻ķʽݺݵĴ硣
粻ˣеֺ
΢ʱ֪ԭĵûķֽشǰӣȻǲܻ֮ǰһġ
꼻һ֣ת˲ŵöѡ
ͻı仯ֻ˵һҪˣ׼С
֪¶ȫı䣬Ǹ֮ǰһһһ룬ھ˸˵֮
лҪسˣΪ֮ǰڵ˻ΪһϵеļºͳڵѹեӶڵʱڡ
Ǻһ滷ûô֮󣬴ҶῪʼЭôܹȥһ뷨֮л쵼Ҳܿʧȥӵ
ҪôҵĻûгתʱسǣȻ֮¾ͺѻȥˡ
ϵ˻ûȫ۳Ͷٲ֮٣Ҳܲôˡ
лڷʰ֮ǰʵ˳Ŀҩɫ糣ĺȥҵ˼СʱҲûʲôӦ
Ȼ֮ǰεҩȶбķգҲûİ취ˡ
΢ʱϾػҲðһġ
лĹϣܹڻԺûɵġ
û֣ԺҲǻԺеһ֣ĳӲ׼ߣڶⶼֶΡ
ûбϷǳףֶδҲ䣬һ
Դˣ΢ʱӡˣֱѡ쵼ߡ
֮󣬾̷سڣסʱȻҶܸˡ
΢ʱŪʮ˶һ١
֮ǰһʳǺбҪģسǲ֪ûеʱ⡣
Ա֮лĵҪ΢ʱ̸̸˱ܿ˼ˣ¥
΢ʱԼܲµлҪ˵ʲô˰ţ΢ʱԼ˱裬Ҳл嵹һ
СΣس֮ϣתӵֻܳɫϣ£֪Σ



104 Χ
΢ʱһͷǾܾ, ѾȥϹˣ˲һֱӴ磬̶ֲ, ദĶܺá
룬΢ʱǵͷõ, ҵĲȷԺܴҲ֤һֱڻԺС
ʵֱӺг, ʡĵʱԲʵȰһвȷض˵꣬ͺðˡ
лЩüô˵, 㿼ǻְҵ𣿡
΢ʱҡҡͷֻЩ֮Ķ, ϲһֱͣһʼԶǧϵԺеĿľǻȥ˶ѡ
΢ʱ˵ĺܳϿңֻǽֱ׵ķʽˣһζûС
л忴˫ϵ۾˵ġ
ǰһֱ΢ʱǸˣҲһҰ, ˺ԭҲڼ
ֻû뵽΢ʱԸ˵ļ򵥣л룬Լһʼ뷨Щ, ڵ, ƽյ뷨Ѿÿ˵
ðɣס
΢ʱǿġ
΢ʱû뵽Էô׵Ľ뷨ȷʵԶˡ
, ǰлȷʵʲôߡ
΢ʱ¶һ΢Цֺл˵һỰ֮˷䡣
ҹ죬һҪյˡ
΢ʱˢֳֻڻһҶ̾ĺȻת׷׿
кܶ˶ųǻؼңԺж˵Ĺ磬Ǳصʵ̫ˣ˭ᱳ뿪
ҲԻؼҵЩ⶯ΪлڻҪسǣ˻Щó
˻ԺУĵط˲Ǻܶ࣬˿ճǡ
ڻȥҪ½ĻƱػỨϺܳһʱ䡣
΢ʱҲ˾ã˷ʻῼ³⣬ס棬ԭļûʲôĵط
֪סַҲֻµķӣǸк޸顣
΢ʱһûиĸƼʺƮ
һ˯ѣ΢ʱôʰеĶʰˣʡ˲ٵ鷳
ֻ̫֮ܰ˳ϴ͵ͣӵ䲹ˣϴγȥ֮ûʣˡ
ϳʻ˻سǵĵ·ԺҪСʱңл״̬ǲлӢŪһ棬֮ǰĵܴϡ
ǵܴ֮һСܹЧһ˻á
һ·Ƕûпʲôֱٽſʻĳ
ڿڿĵطͣڿǺ֮ǰһûм١
ֻ˱Ƚ϶࣬ԺƽǵûƳǵԭܱߵ½֮׷״ǡ
ЩʵıϾҲԼٳڵĸ
еĽǿҲų˳ǵĿڡ
Ⱥ˳ӣͷŲ
΢ʱֱ۵ĸܵԺ֮ǰ˶˿ڣĶͷͳǵڿˡ
΢ʱʮˣֱˣôܼȺбˣ߷һ̤¹ʣ޷ͳƹ
Щǲһ£޹ƶȣҲ֪ʵзǡ
ſڴ߿ŵµȺһôôˣҲܹҪߵȥҲ̫Σˡ
Ƕܿڣлɫ࣬ǻڳڣѾȥˡ
ֻźһѾȫˣԥĴͨѶڵļӳȥϢ
ʺһһĵ֮࣬δ99+ȫлʲô顣
ȻǰʱҲ΢ʱǷˣлһʹкԼ˲ûлظϢ
лͨѶһǱ̾ͻظϢ
ܿ͵ڽл壬Ϊ˷ֹ˼ðл廹ĺƵ֤һȷǱ֮ǿġ
ŵȥڿ
ڵҪǵȻܶ࣬ǻԤвõ鲢ûзֱųϵȺɧ
ڸ̵ƣһ·ͨĹЩʵŶӵ˵Ĳ
Щһϣûгǵˣվ˶Թȹء
һĳʮֵĲĺ˳ƾʲôȳȥʲô⣬ʵŶӵʲô
̱ڿĻӼ˻ȥռŵ˼ҽǵĿڣҪʵ㣬ٸȫȥ
ոȼĶ˲䱻ʵˣ΢ʱһĿЩˣǵĳͷѾſˣ·տʼ͹ܿ˲ĵＷ㼷ǳͷá
ڵĸѹȷʵܲˣǽǳȥһͨ
˶ʵʵļŶˣ۴ӳڿС
Ӿ֮˳ؿ棬Ŵ˽һ۾Ϳڵܴϵл塣
û°ɣô˳ˣЩ㶼ȥĶˣôһֱϵϣ
лڰ֣ʾ԰꣺û£˵˺СǳȥܱܷͷҵͨѶһǾͻ֪ҵλãûʱô࣬߰ɡ
ȺлнڿŬάֳ棬ǿ졣
ԶȺ˵˸صӦѾˣҲţҪ£ңһİӴ󲿷ֶָӣû취ֻס档
ڳϽЩл岻ʱ鶼˵һ飬ԶѾƿλһ顣
֮ǰ˵Ҳ˵һ飬΢ʱͣĸ棬·ϵʱʵ̫ˣǵ绰ȥҲ޼¡
Ƚ֮֫װ˼֫жûô㣬ϾõļںԶУǲûô޳ṩⷽļ
Ҫ齫ԺеƿȨһǣ鲢ûкͿϣúͻԺ֮䣬ѡ˻ԺС
лЦ˵һȸӴȨȣֵһᣬбҪҲ
ԺеȨͷϣûһܺлȣѹ˿Ҷ
ڳڵһʮֻҵ״̬ת֮ͨ˵͸΢΢ˡ
˾ͳǣû˼ĳ軹ܹġ
йҵҲûжɽһ졣
Ժелʧ֮󼸺ɢˣл֮Żô
һõ쵼ˣʧȥ֮Ϊԡ
ڵĴ󲿷˻ϣܹȷʵõʱ
л˽˳ڴµ֮󣬴ֱȡԶ߲㣬ʮֵĹϣܹõİԱ
ʻ˳֮΢ʱܸܵķĿǵǰͲȥطĻᣬΧԿʼˡ



105 Ϊʲô벻ͨ
΢ʱʵλ, ȻЩӶܹǹ򻵵ġ
Ϊ˷ֹ˵ԼõлԿȥɡ
һȺ, ӾͿʼٳǰȥ΢ʱܵһǰδеƱС
һ˲䳵Ӿҵļһ˳ȥ
΢ʱץŷ, ۼлԽҪײǰּۿĴһѷ, ̶ڵܴϵл˦˳ȥ
һ󾪺æҵýŵס˵ܴ
СԲõģٶߣȥ
ڵܴϵл忴ֲ´, ָһѻ
лӢסõ, ǰϵİȫòֻýĵŵܴ
Ҷһٴеģ
ǿŵĳҲضãлԵĳƽʻĻܿĳںŤ˵ڼмǳ
ֻǶܿȺܼĵطóײȺ
ûôߵľˣֱײĺ޲ðײ, һƬɢӿӶˡ
֮飬΢ʱڳڱ˦ΰ, Ҳҳ, Ӱ쵽лԿ
оǰľﶼЩģˣ֪ôܰѳͺһתϷֲ嶫
Ҫȡõʱ, ΢ʱĺ޷֮ˣһʼץŰ֣Ŭ̶ԼΣֶץסˣǰȫ̶΢ʱ˦ڳײ
ڿǲָоģȻлڿ϶Ҳͳڵһˡ
֪˶΢ʱžԼ͸оָһЩͷĿѣÿһںŻµĳ嶯
Ѿ˦Ѻ׷һ·ڿ
΢ʱûЩ浶ʵǹĸһĺá
ںѾ˦ˣֻоһ㣬΢ʱĳڴŻµںܿŵζ
֪˭ûסȫûʶˣֱ˸ڵأûµҲ̲סˣ׷˸γϡ
΢ʱѴˣˬķľ˽óڵζһЩ
Ŭѹסĳ嶯һѾκ˵Դ۲ΧľɫѾˡ
ǹڳӵķϣ΢ʱѸٽ
ЩǷ𣬼ѾڳˣȻҪ׷
治֪Զʲôôô
ЩҪˣո϶Ѿϵ˳ڵý壬ǹȥʱͿٿŷֱᷢ˵лѾˡ
ԶQ˶ˣƼ˾˵˻Ǹ˵Ĺ˾ȻͲһϡ
Ȼ˵֮ǰûж˫֮СĦҲϣĸûбӹһΪƴƴһ֣һվȨıʴ﹫˾߲㣬ýֺͷ붼֪ڻվһߡ
ʻֵлԴڵ·ϣڿ˱֮ǰٶˣ·Ҳܿӵ¡
׷ҲӵĵӦ֣Ȼ֮ǰЩģǿм֮лĵǹҲˡ
΢ʱ̱ڸʻϣӿռóһǿЧıǣŽ
ոܵĸоһΪˬĸоûôˣҲӵˡ
һ¥ǰͣϵ˻ӵԱſڣԭ¥ڵĺԶ߲㣬һ֮˳ضų
֮ǰûɱл壬ϢѾ˳ȥڶ־Ը֮ǰһʦԻᱻڵơ
֮ǰҲ˵лʧȥȫĿŵĽɱЧȡ
ھ͸ӲˣϾڵתôҲҪڳġ
лһ·ϵĵû˿ѿѾ漣ˡ
ɫЩ԰ףôص˰칫¥ڣѾȴŵļߡ
ڸǶǵһĻ΢ʱ³֮ǰαװ˿֡
վлӢߣлһһҵرˡ
һ³ͻȻһƬҶŵĿл壬ˣȻһЩҲȷ
Χһŭ˵лѾ𣿶Ԫ˼֮ͣǰһǲǶǺԶı
˵Ĵͷ˶ֽͲͷ׼˺Զĸ߲㡣
΢ʱ˳˵߿ȥ֮ǰڻڵǸװɫĶߡ
Χӵŵǽӵļ߶ƿӦþںԶ˵ϻһˡ
΢ʱһˣҲԶԶվڰĸ̨ϣˡ
վһмƵŮˣҪһЩ
ӦþĽˣ΢ʱۣоԼЩھͿǹɱ
ô࣬Ͳ㶯֡
ֻܽлͽȥٿ˼߻ᣬȻǿĴһСʱ΢ʱȷȫ֮Ϳǻȥʰˡ
صԺеĹ̳ϵףɾ͸ˣҲ΢ʱòĵ¡
صԺֻ֮źžͱúˣ֮ǰ̳Ҫˢºܾòųӣ˿Ҳһһ
ҶԸ߲Ĺע޼Ϣ˳
Ƭ֪˭ĵóûʲô쳣֫װʮ˳ܹǿѾǺܺˡ
˶Ҫһʱĥڣò˵츳ʺ϶ȡ
΢ʱƬޣĴ󲿷ֹܶѾˣֻܹʲôҲˡ
лسǵϢˢ˸ͷһͰ䲼Ʋ˺ԶȻΪҪճ̡
ָʳĹӦ۸񣬴ҶһϵеĴʩӦãò˵Ļ̻Ǻܴġ
Щʩ䲼ȥϴ󲿷˶ִУ֮ǰܵȨҲ˳
ɫνʮֵľʣ΢ʱһۼ´żĵգɫҪȫûɫĸо
صڵĸо治΢ʱоִֺӹˣǳʡ
ĵŷ飬Բܵһ¡
ôţ㿪˲ĶԻ֮ǰЩûеϢڶһԵð˳
Ҳ΢ʱϢֻźʵڲãԲûյ
ʾ΢ʱҪԽһ㿿׵Ķ顣
пУˢˢûȥҲܡ
ˢӵʱ򣬺ȻһֵͨʾЭԱͨ棬10wһ
֮ǰ̫ûˢµµӣˢˣҲȥˣ΢ʱȥ˿Ϣ룬һźģͼƬ
˲Ǳˣлԡ
֮ǰȥִʱ͵ĵģֻԶҲʮֵģ
΢ʱʺţ֪ʲô˼
ӷ֮ǰûиϢͬʵҲ淢
4L¥ôֻһƬϢҲ˵˷ʲô°ץ˻ɱǣ
6Lظ4L:Ҫô࣬10ֻɱ˼۸㣬[hhpt]
΢ʱ˷˸֮ǰһĻһ¾ð˲óռڵǹسǵһʱ仹ûɱԷǰѾʼͨˡ
ƣӦѾڰӵϵͳں˲ˣûзԲŷͨ
ԲƿҪ⻵֡



106 ӵ
΢ʱĬĬղ, ȷûϢлûкİ֮лҪȨޣڴϿʼ˯ˡ
һֱ˯賿, ָõľò
м伸˸Ϣ, ûأڻ˼, Ҳû̫˯ˡ
΢ʱʼռֵģس֮, ƺѾӰ, ϶ܿ˲еӰ
Ҫѵץס㣬ʱ䲻ٳȥðˡ
ǵøտʼʱ򣬾ٸڣʱոմ
һ֪лӢǵݣԵʱŻлӢ˵
ʼնǸҪɵĿĵɵһҪµˡ
һжûɵģǰȨ̽˹
һ˵΢ʱ˻ᱧһֻ͵̬ȣ̫, ܽˡ
΢ʱж켣һߣͼĵڰ칫¥ͼƬ֪ǲΪչʾж, ֤Լû⡣
ϰ¼, ΢ʱ֪ȥģǻؼҡ
֮ǰ칫ĳ˹ǽлˣЩӦҲȥ, ǲ֪ǲˡ
΢ʱ룬û糿ճֱ֣ɱԷ
ھѾûСʱˣ΢ʱǺõͼϼصλãҪܿѣżһ㶼ڰ칫ȴ
ֲʲôû˻еû֮ǰʲôǴı
΢ʱ򿪵ͼ˫ָͼķŴϸĹ۲ΧķݣΪӦЩסһ
д󲿷ֵİ칫ԱסڳǹԢ֮УĿǰΪֹȫľ칫ҲȽϽǴҵĲ֮ѡ
ֻҪ˲⣬˳Ҳס档
΢ʱûȨޣʩʮֵܣֹԢȫһģ˳ǽȥˣָ϶ĻԢĸڶһ顣
ʵİ취һѵľѻλã¥֮һǹԼľѻǳ˽⣬ǰʱϰ׿ӶС
¥ܲҵ˻˵˵ˡ
̷뷨дʳӳͣǮ˲ԼЦҲ·ϰࡣ
΢ʱ˵ڶ·ɱ뷨Ǿֻʣһ취ˣֱڰ칫¥ɱˡ
ȻмأӦյķ
ϾоЩ˶ȫˣΪʲôУ
ֻ¥ڵļطֲϤ
¥ɱˣױ˵ʵ΢ʱ鷳˷ɡ
ɲϣһֱԼ̳ͨҳʱһãһðŷҵģǧĵ
΢ʱ˼ҪҪл̹ףԼһû֣һжδ֪ǲҪᱩ¶ԼͼΪá
΢ʱڴϣڼƻɱ顣
ͷԺð뵽ɴӴװһ֮¥
Լʵת⸱Ҳû˵ĲĿ
ϵ¶Щ飬һ¥˲٣Ժҹǣ˵ҹḻʣ̻㣬ֱ߻ڽ̷ת֮󣬴ҵӶùࡣ
΢ʱû˿ŽֱߵĿ㣬ʱЩꤡ
ߵֱߵĴŵǰ㡣
̺٣۶֭ķζʮ㣬һӸ΢ʱԿθˡ
΢ʱû뵽֮ǰôԵҲôζغеĺô㣬ζڵسԵȫͬ΢ʱӴԵúܸɾ
ϰĵһСˣϾߴŵļ۸ɲͣ΢ʱЩ׬һʡ
΢ʱһ߿ŵڵĵӣһòͣŵлţڻмˣ¡
ǲǹ̫ܵһЩ֮ǰȻ֪л֮Ȼڼܣ˵ôԽԽѹˣЩͷ˵ӣ⼸춼ˡ
ͷǳڸԲ𷹵˵ĳƺֻʣԴţݵĸƤһ
ɲǣǲв̻ûвײ㣬Щ˵źȥ𣬻лˣ֮ǰڵʱûоһ߲֪ʲôӡ
ʵˣҴǰţ綼ˣҪصǰ̫ˣȻҪжԱȲҸ
˵ˣ˵ҷԲȥˡ

ҶлȷʵЩûоֻǱŰһ£;ˣ֪ĵʲôӡ
΢ʱ˼㣬ϰڵĴգȡ
극͸ˡ
΢ʱȡгƵ·ϡ
һ··ϵ治٣ԭڿڴߵҲһ֣ЩΪóڲòųȥġ
лȷʵǱըԵţ˴һٳȥ
΢ʱ۲Щ˵򣬷ִҺһǳʳģڵٵĿϳ˳ԵģҲĶˡ
ѹҪ˾仨ǮԼ˻ܸܵ
΢ʱһ·ﵽ˳ǹԢԶԶľܿౣſڣܵĸǽеֱսķȫȥġ
΢ʱûҪǽӲ뷨ţָϵζ˸طһſڴӿռͳһͿʼԡ
·żжҲһһֱȵǹԢ￪ʼ½½˳
΢ʱ칫һڣ˳š
Ϊ˰ȫгǽֹͨеģ˭ҪߵſϳҲ̶ȵȷ˴ӳڻ
ܿͿһϤӰĴӳǹԢ˳
·ƺѿһֻţȻǻûкͼ֫ȫϣʹԵ֪ʲôԭʵ˿жϵĲ㡣
΢ʱг֮ǰƻõ·֮С
ڳӵ֮ǰѾ˰칫¥
лûлסˣȻ˵ȫ˱ϣסڹ˾ĸо΢ʱǾúܲԸȥ档
ͣó·վ¥ϵĳ
³ǹһĨЦݡ
³ĽŲ˶٣ýһգ˼֮󣬾ػ
ܾýƺʲôԣӽ컹ûгԢŵʱļµĸо
Ǳʲôˣǿҵ߸˵ʲôֻͬùֵֹġ
峿罫ĲӴ쬵ġ
³ý˸кл廹ûҵȱȱֻǼ򵥵˼ž豸
оֱŵĸоǿңһûվȣоʧȥСʹ
͵̧ͷöϴӵһ¾͹ᴩӡ
û߾Ҳ˵ľˡ
صĵ£ոջһ̶ˮýѸٷ
ȫûץĵ˲䣬Ŵ۾΢Цôû



107 㲻Ҫⷢ
΢ʱԥת, õǿռǹӵ˲鵽ǹеԴ
һûͷ滹档
Ȼų߻, ҵעϣڵһʱ, Щ߶±Ƶ״̬Щͷ, ŵɪɪ
ٿҲûĵӣ΢ʱ¥ͥŲȺȥΧʬ塣
һǹж, ȵĻᶼû, ֳҳһ߲࣬ûʲôڣֻмӵİԱʧİԴ
ʵûΣգŵѪζĲӬһȥȻĵ·µˮйֻͨΪ˵һʱĵƬ
΢ʱվȺ棬Ѿ˫Ŀ۾, ⵽ΪʲôֻصֳԼĽˣʵһǳõ飬Ӧá
һϣеıߵȱˢ̳, һ, 顣
ȫһĿƼ˾һ档
׸ƣ̬ٳ
ֻʵѾ͸ˡ
л˵߲ѵõĺ, ҲΪʲôлԻڻߵȫͬĵ·ˡ
ڸûкôѪ󻷾ڶÿ˱仵ôѾĻзâ¶Ҳǻ£ܹõıԼ
ҹ
ЩʧأĵһӦǶأõµӰӦ֮ŻҪȡ
Χ˸ͷ׼ǣ֮ǰΪĬ飬Ҳʵʵڵ谭
ЩǷˣֱվʬѪ
ܵһһı䣬һξú޴롣
ָоʧȥһֵı޷֮뿪Լĸо
Ȼ֮ǰϣöһҲûϵϾˡ
ȴޱȵʧ䣬ʲôҪĶӲıȥһ飬Խܡ
΢ʱԱάܹӽĹ۲¶һЦݣ°ȫסӡ
Χ˲ûɢƺȫĻһ¡
ֻͳǹһͷϵļߵԴϣԥĿ°
ֻ顱һΧӿȵһ˲ʧˡ
Ⱥ˿һƬλãǸ߼Ӱ˵ϣϻſ־ϲı顣
˵ʮֵİôҲ벻ᶯ֡
˵ӰǿŵģһĻļ¼ܿ͸óһλã˴˳ȥ
΢ʱ̾һҡҡͷҲǵùҪɱӺ˸պþײǹˡ
˼ߣ칫¥ˣ˭벻컯֮»˹ȻɱְԱ
΢ʱʵĴ¥ڣȽģлԶûйһ¥ڡ
΢ʱɴصлİ칫ң˳ָлһ㡣
ȥȣȻԶ׼ģúܳףȫûȵıҪ͵ҽԺʱ˶͸ˣһϢзǽ֪ˡ
΢ʱһţⷹһߺлģһ߿Ϣ
ܿŭĽ˶ۼһ¥ĴҪ˵ǹ
΢ʱûǹ֮ûȥеһͱȫûա
Ǽ˶ǹֲûкӵƥǹ֧
ɵĿɨڳÿˣҶһν̬ȣϾֲɱģൣһϵΡ
ֻ΢ʱ֪ĻɲûдȷʵǻڹڹҪץҲûôס
лϿ飬ԹɶԷй
鲢ûưոݣҪѶڳÿһˣ˵ɫˣɺ͸ղŵĻɲһˡ
лҡͷܾôôġ
˫ţ˶վлγѹԵƣ΢ʱǱߵ˿Щˡ
л壬ô̻Щˣµ𣿡
ϵıʮֵѿǿŭĿվл΢ʱ
У΢ʱлţлĻʱͿˣ˽첢ûȴĵ˰칫¥
˵ѾҪ϶΢ʱˣǼлƷԴֻЩɡ
˫ഥһ̣΢ʱûбܿĿ⣬ֻǰ˫г˾ǿͲȫûбǿȨѹȵ
л̯̯֣ʧٵʱĲã˵ҲʮֵĲ㲻ǶѾò֤ݵʱϣȥӣʲô鶼𴦳⼸ЩԹ˰ɣ²ٲһˡ
лרʹϴ΢ʱЩĿһۣû뵽Ҳ춾һ档
֮ǰʵ̫ˣȫû˵
ӵԱҲЦݣֻɫʮֵĲá
վ˵ǰͼգмɣĴǾԲ飬ο컯֮£˭ô벻¥ڿǹ
ķӼŭ飬Цһŭת㲻һ֮ǰлʱôֺ˵ƵĶҹ

΢ʱ͵͵һҶӳҲ׺вûɣˣ˭᲻ˡ
л߻ռ֮࣬ԲôСУ޼¡
˫ڼǹеʱ򣬶Ѿǹˣ˵߻Ҳ棬Һǽа塣
΢ʱһʼ黹ǱȽϳסڿ˺һģ̳ģֻǽװƽʱܹܺõԼЩضϾͲһˡ
л΢ЦһΪˣ۾գһأϾ˭֪ǸΨͼˣ˵ɣ㾿ʲôʵЩᷳ
ĶЩˣ˵ˣһڹͳЩ֮УֻҪЩȫҴã͵ΪֹһһҲһˡ
΢ʱ˵ĺƤ̶̾Ϊֹոն˵ҪѶƹˣ˵һһô綨˵һ˵
ܹͨɸѡˣ˵ǶлҳϣҪЩȫɱ˿һֵлˡ
΢ʱΪǸý㣬Ϊֻعڿȫǣ¶ԼĺβͣڰʵĿȫ˵ˡ
лûлشһ飺ҵҪ󲻹ݰɣͬͬ⣿
лϵЦʧˣֻ³һ֣
ʱʣ΢ʱлˣȻҲôģĬĬĿͶл塣
鲢գֻЦһɡ
ӿһ֧СӣΪ׵֮ǰĽ΢ʱܾûмˣһ˲ϳ
ɫ˱䣬ǵƬһιԷ¿ˮ̵ĳ¶һЦݡ
Ȼ̸£Ǿһϸ°ɣԺвһ˵ģ



108 һ
񾭲֮ǰڸ, Ͱ΢ʱˣ΢ʱӡ󲻿ν
۵Ӹ΢ʱǹɱˡ
񾭲, һʲôˡ
ϻǸǷı飬һȭ
ǿ, һֳʱͻҴһ, ΢ʱæлӢơ
ⳡʵģ˵鵹ǲ£˵л塣
л, ˳ױ, Ͼڻδ
л忴һۣЩ֣һˣתͷÿ𣿡
΢ʱһ£˫ʵôģ
лһȻ˵ӣԸ񣬶ٵȥˡ
ָŽ˵û, ôֻʣһˣºйء
΢ʱòлĶλòûԭģڿⷽ׼
ȷʵЩ, лΪԼʲô顣
΢ʱЩ, ֪л֪֮ʲô̬ȣϾûˣǳ鷳ҲС
лƺ֪ڵʲôԱ, ϹһЦݣĲֻ´βҪﶯˣкܶ취ɱҪԼ֮У¸Ƕ˶
΢ʱŸоůůģûΪԼֻעⰲȫ
лӢůһģǳһĹģȻлԼҲ˼ꡣ
΢ʱ˵ͷſԼε֣ˣʾһԺôȨ֮äӣñֶδﵽĿģǴȨĳҪ߼
΢ʱͷл˵Ķԣ̫ˣԼɱ˸ˬҲܺᷢʲôˡ
ⷽ滹ло飬΢ʱĹĦѧϰһ¡
ۼ֮л崦ڽսıԵʮֵΣգ΢ʱֲҪǰ
лֻǳ˰֣֪ôӿڴͳһǹ׼ڲе飬顱һǹ죬ͬƵء
΢ʱĿɿڴΧֵҲΪ֮һ񣬴ⲫˡ
лתͷչһЦȻֽβٿˣ˶õʼ˵һûأҪ췴ˣ֪ǺͺԶйᣬǲ̫ļһЩ
лǹתһȦָڹסǹ˿ڴת뿪ˡ
ϵЦûб仯ȴ׵ļžˣ΢ʱ˽˰ڵϣƵĿʼֳ
΢ʱĿɿڴ˵ȨЩ˶ƨҷһȷʵˬ
΢ʱĿ࿴Ͼͽɰɱˣ˻Ĵ
˭ⷢӣʲô鲻ȴǽ鷴ˣ͹ֲл岻ˣһһǳɣ˿Ĳ񻰡
΢ʱЩ֪ķӦҲлƻеһԸǲ˰ڲġ
µʱҲǻչ¶âġ
һֱģǾԻᱻΧ˳ԸĨ
΢ʱЩлˣ֮ǰûоʵ̫ˡ
ȥоӦöı䣬ЧӦˡ
滹Һ壬΢ʱл󣬰˽ȥԷ
ʬ屻˲ţ
Ȩеĺǣһֵµ˶Ⱥס
ڴĻԱǾЩ޴룬ܿɾ
лһͿҵĳ棬վڽյĲǰС̱΢ʱ˽ȥ
ϻȥҹ΢ʱҪһţ˰ţûдӦлŷ֪ʲôʱѾˡ
лֻÿӱ޵ϣ΢ʱڲ
ֻôһڣϾͷô£ڻûи״
лӢҲ٣׷ΧſѯлԷʲô¡
ſڵļ߶һٿģûв׽ÿһϸڣż˼ǲȫ˸ոǸɱļߡ
Щ˵ļǱˢһֻ֪׷Ѱȵ㣬ȵĲ񻰡
лЩ֪꣬Լʲôʲô֪޴˵
Щһųˣ֪΢ʱ顣
ץסһ㲥ļߣʵʲôˣ
ѹܵͣһַļƣΪʮֵĲǣץĵļ˲ǻ˸ոյ顣
ڰ칫ڱɱˣһֹ˵ȻлǴлոտǹһǹ˴ˣҲ֪ˡ
澿ʲôЩΧ۵Ҳ̫ΪͿģ˵ʲô
ټӣЩ˾͸Ӳ֪澿ôˡ
Ϊʲôһ֮ڣ˶ˡ
лֶǻԺи߲ڱȽ͵ˡ
ЩͷԣźǰźлЩƵʱӼҳ;˭ˡ
ⲻл
ͷ͵͵ת˹ĳңҲĲʲôģĵһĻ棬ûǴҶûע⵽ſЩˡ
ϵɫ죬лԵģ˵ĸӡ
ӰϲĥŽزӦùˣȴлһֽͷ漴ӰʦоһգӰݺһңĳס
ɫˣлԲû֣ͣﻹ˵Ӱȫһ飬ż˴Ӳˡ
΢ʱ˿Ѿлˣ˳㣬˵һྡ
֮ǰ˽½Թ˵һ飬˵֪Լ֮ǰͽǸһģ˶֪˭Ƶġ
΢ʱ˵ҲҪͬ飬ǽлֶηǳĺ棬֪һЩľ
Ȼл岢˵ֻǿʱ䣬лǸùˡ
СΣȥſڰǽӹɣſڽˣûͨǽġ
΢ʱӦһ׼ߣл˵Ŷˣһ٣ô£ȥúϢɣˡ
΢ʱʾãܲ˭ϲż٣л˻Ǹнݼ٣ˡ
л˸кͳˣÿƫſлѾ˲֪˶ˡ
Ŵ΢΢üͷ΢ʱʱ۾ˡ
΢ʱˢţ˷˽
һӶǸոմӿռóģ˳лԣʾ˵ҽż٣ȻȥˣЩǳԣˡ
һſֹˣлԽӹĶزһֻȥֻܿıӰֹ
΢ʱ˴¥ļ߱ˣеʰϵӰ֪ЩôĸʵȻѻӶˤˣѵǰûмֳ
΢ʱƳһ۾ˣ糵ص˹Ԣ¥£ҹеϰǰ㻹ţ˿ʼװһ
΢ʱǰһѵ㣬ǾЩָһѲʣϰȥ
ڰⶼԲˣϰϲЦտؽӹӣҲ΢ʱΪʲôҪôࡣ
Ǯ˵˼ĥֻҪС



109 ұ֤Ҳ
΢ʱһȦ, Ȼڵ۹һЩҲԼ޵ǮϺܶණ
һֶڻĸо, ֮ǰڳɨЩһĶʵ, ûжİӲ
߲ˣܳصĿڸ, Щȫһ
Ȼ΢ʱռﴢĲҲܶ࣬ȫûḻ
֮ǰڱֲ߲ҲŽռ䴢Ŀռ̫С, ȫܰеĲ˶ͳ
Ҫɹ, ΢ʱǮ˳ȥ֮ǰĹʵˣ̶ܺã˵ǰѿǮȥɹԴ֪Ŀռܹɺܶණ֮Щﴢأǳķ㡣
΢ʱɹδӹĵĶ, ȳƷҪ˺֮ܶ࣬лӢҲʡǮٵĶ
Ϣʱ䲢ûб˷ѣ΢ʱ, ɹĶռ䡣
, ڵȺ﷢ȥϢ
ƺæʱûпϢ
΢ʱڴϣϢˣý౨, ﻰ˼лһͽһˡ
֮ǰ·͸ͼѾۣǺǾӹġ
лڲٿⷽҲǸк֣ȫǸȫ͵ˡ
΢ʱ˼ţҪҪæ̳Ȩ޿ˣ
ǺܿͲٿˡ
ϢʢС֯ˣԱܹĽȡԼ죬ȻЩҪ˷ֲʱ䡣
΢ʱԣµĵ㿪һվӣȥĽǸĽ飬Աá
ֻҪ룬ͿԶʱ䣬Ȼжˡ
֯ʽӵĹ͸
΢ʱǲ֮ǰᷢϾԽΣԽߡ
ֻҪΣһж˵
ֱӵ㿪ȼaб˳лҲһݡ
ŮڵĻҲһݱϡ
лԿֻϢʾһָ̣㿪΢ʱĶԻ򣬲֪ôһһϲϲµҲõ˻⣬Ҳɿ
΢ʱȥϢһûȥĸҪһ
лԣõġ
̵ܼ֣΢ʱҲͷר־ѡ
ųԺڵģΪͷǲ̫뱻ĵִĳ棬һ©Ҫӿռóһʲô߶鷳
񲢲Ǻܶ࣬Ĺѡ
΢ʱĿͣһʧҵ棬ĵصڳ30һС档
ԱԺлؼֹ֮¾ð˳ԭȻסˣзһЩ䡣
ͺ֮ǰСɽ¼һ΢ʱ˽ȥ鿴ȷСӸϢ
ʧңСϪһѰĻңʢĹߺҵƷСһֻĻңڵԱھٴǨʱû뿪
Ǽֹȵո޵Уʱص￴֮ǰûߵˣȴֻҲûпЩǰȥ̽Աˡ
λдú֣΢ʱ֪֮ǰȷǲҲôգøдС˵ƵģõϢҲֻʱ䡢ص㣬лԱʧ٣ȫûϢ
ڲʲôӶ֪̫ˣ˱΢ʱϵİԼлԵҲˡ
ڻ֮ϵͳתȦתҳ棬ܿص㡢ʱҲת˳
ʱӣʱ컹ûڣ΢ʱоЩ̫ãȥͺˣĻһʱܻˡ
Ӱ඼ִڵģֻܴʱˡ
΢ʱҲż٣ֻˡ
Ϣ֪ͨл֮󣬾ͿʼˢСƳ
ϵͳ̵ûˢµĶһˢҪ
ϣǸʱԭ̵ĶԴۣ΢ʱ뷿Դۣˡ
Ҳ̫쿪ˣϵͳƺǲòôֵģȻڵĻԡ
лæ֮ÿ΢ʱš
˾סţ΢ʱǰò㣬ھ̫ˣʱһžܼˡ
лһ˫ɫëЬһɫķףͷ˫Ьʱ㶣ȻǽĴˡ
΢ʱ̫ϵЬк
ӿռóһõвݮͳӣнȥ㣬ڲ輸˱ı߳ԡ
ҲҪֵ࣬°ֱ֮߻ǵһӣ
΢ʱԼʵ
лԣɣ֣ǵڳھͻϡ
˿ó΢ʱͷ˵ãлԵֱֻĻٻᱩ¶ǵݡ
ʲôͷӣǳڵڳȥ֮󷢵ġ
ʵܱߵΪ󲿷ֵڵģ÷ıϾ
ϪֹҵСȫ
ȥ֮ҲϵĵطŲһ飬ȷȫŲ鵽Сֵĵط
лԵͷֻ΢ʱӣ΢ʱѿǰƣһ˫ӣлų
ſӵֵĹǽڷʮŵļһͽУܺãһ˫ȴҲûţ΢ʱӡ
ҽ֮ǰ湤Ȱ˺ܶණԣСϵʳ϶ˣ˵ˣͲҪˣǣϾڵĻô⣬׷׷룬ҲҪȻš
ǻûп㣬ҲϵϽˣȥˣȻһֱûгˣûлؼңҲ˵ȥ֮Ҳû˳䷿Ӻ֣Ҳûƣ衭Ҹҽȥ
˭ܰǡ
ȷСӵˣ֮̽ƶͷȥǻһƬڣȫ֪澿ʲôˡ
軹ܻҽôˡ
ҲȥҪȥǣֻˣףҺˡ
ӵȶȲͣ涼ȰҪȥģظ˼¥֮Ҳûлظˡ
ֱһ㣬ȫ˶֪ûнȥ־ʲô顣
ȷСӹȻûн뻭ڲֻɳӰȫȫûвοֵ淢ʲô˭Ҳ֪
лԿ꣬Ҳ˴롣
΢ʱæ㷭˸ԡ
лԷ¿ӣֻ˹豸޷ĻǿһԻ⡣
΢ʱ֮̾ǰ÷ڵСЩڵķʽ
õģҵĿռú͵ƣõġ
֮ǰ΢ʱѩװûеֵʱǳĺãǴˡ
Ҫ׼𣿡
΢ʱʵ˼Ǳʼǵơ
л˿ӣʱû˰ɡ
΢ʱŶһֻ÷±¼лԺȻֿ˵ˣ΢ʱ
ţ
Ҫˣ𣿡
΢ʱЩΣֱлԵ˫ۣ֮ǰʵ̫ˣҲֶԷҪ
ãõģǸ֮ǰҲԡ
ϵĵǸĬĬռĿ˳ͼĵİлԵϾ˭ܾһζʳ
һٲУǾ١
лһѰס֣ûпЩʳһֻۣһ΢ʱұ֤ԺҲᡣ
΢ʱ¶һЦõģұ֤



110 ֵĻ
΢ʱת۾ͰԼĻƨ, ˷˭˵Ǹˣֻڻῼǻǵ, ҲΪͣ
˶ѣʲô˵, ǵġ
лҪе㳶ˣ΢ʱ㲻ʲô, ҲʲֻȴӦ֮֮˵, ͷȻֱ
ʱһξ͵˵ڶ, Ͱ͵ĳ˵λŵĺз
֪Ϊʲô֮ǰôӣڵĻʳȴ֪Ϊ˿ҵĿԣԵʡ
֮֮ǰҪһЩЩĩдף߲Ҳһ, ܼˮ
ûԱ͵͵ӿռһЩԼӲ͡
ʳΪȡֵ;ǳʵ̫ˣȻѾ㹻ʳ, һʱȱΣС
ָоո, ÿָо쳣ǿҵʱ΢ʱǰϵͳһ飬ϵͳĬʵ
ѾϰԸ˵΢ʱΪʲô
Ͼ΢ʱԭĵط֮, սеǻƽģĩе΢ʱҲ⡣
ʱڵ°ĵ㣬΢ʱӰ칫¥߳ȥ˿ֺñӣֻ¶һ˫۾档
лҲĴ磬һһľͷ׮ţʵ΢ʱ֣ΪʲôлԻӦһʹ⡣
лԵĻشǣһԼڻӵ񶼺ɡ
΢ʱŰͬʱָ̾˲ŮȻôϸҪԼ
΢ʱվЩˣ֪ô°ôɴѱһ˦˿лԵߡ
ǻܰʱЩôô
лվŲִ΢ʱļϣҿ
ֻʾ߸ϣԶʻһɫƤȵͣ˵ǰ
ҡ¶һŴī𣿡
Ů˻˻еֻֻĻĽ棬ſǣԼࡣ
΢ʱ˵ͷһˡ
ʻһˣҲֻϺˡ
ܽҪҹҴŵͦġ
һЩҪĹߣҪĻˣʱǹһйǰȫûãҪȫ׼
ﻹϳװʬģͨСװȫˡ
֮ôˣڻôųƺͬ顣
īŮ˿𲻵ͣϵƷûӦñֻһ㣬Ͽܡ
˾ͺһģŲɫĻƷ
ڸʻ˲ûκεΣܹĿƺЩƫ˳кûһ£ϻϵһɫ
ںŵ˸һЩҲһī˵˵ͷû˵ˡ
ƺʶһ·һûһ˵š
΢ʱлûв廰Ĵ㣬ҲûлͨһҲ˵״̬ʱ
ƤǣЩС΢ʱȷ·ǶԵ֮󣬴Χľɫ
ݺ͹ʩûô٣Ըоߵ˱ˡ
ֵĿڣһ˲Ͱˡ
·ߵ˲࣬ϣҶſڲϳԵʡ
һ·ҲûСȥġ
·ϻž͵ĹƣʾȥϪķ򣬿ǰǸųС
һ·Ʋ٣Ҳ໭ںΧķ羰Уһá
ֻΧľɫޱ䣬ЩѾԭķ羰ѽˣһ۾ܱ
ӿһСʱŵϪɫѾȫˡ
Ͼĵģȫû·ƣ֪ǲΪĵʩûظ
Ҳû˼ҳֻ
΢ʱһ͸оЩëëģ¶ȶȱĵطҪһЩ
﹩˲ι۵ĵܣ˿ڳƵӰһһ
ܱĲǺܺãǰʱĸѣһ¾;ֱܷⲻˡ
˲˵ĴӰ΢ʱֲǷл˾
Ŀǰֲܾ֮ǰѩһġ
΢ʱʶקлԵӡ
лԵͷһ̧ۣͷ
΢ʱյԱߣС˵еֲ
лԣðɡ
΢ʱ֪ǲԼãܾùֵֹģëëģǴʲôҪϢһ㡣
лûзʲô쳣Ҳûٶ롣
⣬ΣԤӦûᴥŶԡ
΢ʱԼЩ̫ڽˣԼ滺
ӺܿͿĵص㣬ƽǰĹ㳡һڲݵĻңǳ֮
īŮͣãúװ˳īûժī
΢ʱǲڵĿ𣬾ͼīŮҲһī
΢ʱϲ֪Ȼҹ۾ǰĻʮֻɵģһƬڲ֪˶١
ܹǰ·ˣСҵĴǸбĴʯ滹еҵܣʮ֡
Ŀģֻһϰ¶棬°Ѿſ΢ʱͲĶܾÿҪô°ྭѹ֡
īŮкһûװֻǸֻߵͨѶʹŶȥˡ
ھĵͼ˵ֻϣֻҪϣܴҹ۾пж·ߡ
΢ʱ̾߿Ƽͷ鿴ˣǳķ㡣
սڣ΢ʱ;һ¶ȶ½ˣ̲סһ£Լֱۺл԰ֹ˷ֿ
ڽֻ֮һЩǰչĲ沢ûеô¡
ƺһ򶷣еƷˣ໭ڵϣŪòƲȻǷ紵ͿԵġ
΢ʱһۣЩϧЩƵĻͦÿģ֪ǻڵ˻ĻҵƷ
ͨ׶Ķܹ͵ġ
ƹſڵչ˺ܿߵ棬ûпʲôԱҺܴһ4㣬㶼ǻչԼʦĿ棬Ǽӹ䡣
˱ٵ¥鿴Ϸ¥ڴҹ۾Ųûʲô쳣
¥ڵ¥Щ¥¥ݲڶ¥棬תһȦһתǿ¥ݵ·ڡ
ǰīŮȻͦס˽Ųһãȫû߶
Եһ£ӳôˣûߵ¥أɡ
Ů˲Ϊժī
΢ʱʱ۽ǵ⿴ΧûīҹɫȫһƬڵģͿʲô
ǽ¥֮󣬲ûеȼʲôƣҲûʲôߣȫҹ۾·΢ʱȷţժ۾Ů˸Ϳʲô
һ£㿴ǲǺ֡
Զ˵Ǹ΢ʱЩ廭ݣóֵͲһգŮ˵оϼҡ
˵ţͳǰĻȥߵ̲ĲԾ
ҪȥֹѾˣŮһ˻һ˲䣬ǰ˾ʧˡ



111 ֪ȥ
΢ʱؿ˼, Ůȷʵƾʧˡ
˶𾪵ΧȥϸĹ۲⸱͵԰ͻ
΢ʱҲԥֵͲ, ͻϡ
ͻеһϷӣƺһ, µǴƬƵ
еĽиˣŮӣˮǹ, һɫһīŮС档
һֹĳĬ֮У̫, ôܺȻ֮ʧ, ӻǽ˻С
ţ߰ɣһŲˣ߰ɣ
īȻ뵽֮˵գ⽫˼飬ΧҲҹˣûҵŮ˵Ӱ
ΪֻҪɱ˾ε񣬹, Ҳнİ취Ծķȥˡ
˱죬Ҫ޳ˣ̫һЩ, ϴ, īŮȥˣؼʱ̻ǰ¡
ҲʮֵĽţǴ˾һīеͷϣʲôûϢ, ҪҲðһŴߣ
˿˻⻭ոձʱͰȥˣ˭Ҳǰ˭֪᲻Ҳȥ
˻еԣû΢ʱǶ֡
˸취Χһž޴ķڵ̯Ȼ̱֧ܽ𣬷ڷϡ
˶С²С˻
Ȼû˵ѹҲǾ޴ġ
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪Σյʲô
ڽƽ̹ķڷϣ˽ᣬڸϣߵʱҲȽϷ㣬ֻҪһǰһ̧žС
˶ûȥĴ㣬ոսʧһˣֻȥصϣûʲôİ취
΢ʱлԶһЩһûȣͽˤˡ
ڴͬʱҲܿ˵ڵϵĻߡ
ԭ·أߵһ¥ҲĻ͸ոʱһġ
ǰʶ˿ϾҪˡ
΢ʱֵŻ֪ǲĴıʷһڻڹһһεģ΢ʱ۾ǲԼˣֻл߽һ㡣
ϵĲ֪ʲôϣޣֵ¸ץۣ΢ʱǽƵڻһ͵⣬ƺȾˡ
лȲĲԾ΢ʱֱ˵񣬶ٸвǿӲĽԴôˣ㲻ٿǷˡ
΢ʱһƬ磬ŵǹζڵĴϢţҪȥ
ǰ˲֪Ϊأող𣡡
ô찡ǶѾôˣŵﰡ
СӱˣٽҲȥģҴң
΢ʱݵĻѣѵһǰ̧ŵĻ֪ʲôʱЩбֵĿŻأȻҵ˰ϡ
˲ʧˣµīмͷҲصľˡ
ʵ޷ǰƾʧʵ̫ˡ
տĻлصܿҲˡ
л΢ʱǲͷֱ΢ʱ˵Һѡ
лŷ֣˿ŵϵĻȫͱˣԭƬɫһС򣬽ֵϽ˺ܶ࣬ƺһС
нһСкһ裬Ŵ˵֣һ·ƤĻͷעĿĲϵһ
Ĺ΢ʱѾȷˡ
˶һۣ΢ʱ̧֣ӿռȡǰɫǹһǹ˻棬һ
еСк֪ʲôʱתոձ΢ʱһ棬ϵıҲʮֵľ֡
΢΢һ㶣ȷʵܹ֪磬Ҳ˵ı档
΢ʱһôĸīŮѾԵЩڻϣǻһе˳ԸĨ
ôôֲĶֻҪҲȥ·΢ʱ֪֮ǰЩǲҲ档
ӱȡҪյ֪īŮͰֻܲܳлվԱ߹۲졣
ܿ죬Ǿͷ֣екԽԽԶ
ϵİҲ죬µĻģƺڻһ
΢ʱҪذײУҪкǽػǻʮֵļͣȫ̲ոǸ򴩵ĵ״˿ҲѾʧˡ
΢ʱлԶһۣô죿
лҡҡͷԶһЩѾʶˣողǸȱˣڻľ΢ʱˡ
΢ʱڻþŤֱ۵ĸܵˣڳˡ
óռĴΧգҰˡ
лѸٽΧĶɨ΢ʱϵĵ
ա
ԤеĻ粢ûгֵ֣⣬ůĻ沢û
΢ʱΪǴˣִӴӿռ淭ûдȼ
лԽӹеĴȼϳһµģȫû΢ʱڲϵĳԣǰĻȴԽԽģǸֳˣģģ˸о͸
лԲ΢ʱͶֿٵˡ
ֱ¥лԲͣ΢ʱȴڳƺʲô޷ܵҪȥһ̽ҲԼĲԾ
͸ոսʱīŮһӦԲȥûô֮ǰԲһ¡
߲ͨߴвУ¥ȥӦˡ
΢ʱԼӱѣֻܽץлԵ֣ŬԼȥ˼Ҫȥ顣
ͷһȫѹƲȥлڹؼʱ̲û磬΢ʱַԼ䣬һǰһ󳯴ȥ
лóߣ˲佫飬˲˽ϵı鶼һɣߵ˴ߡ
ķ΢ʱһЩ׼ϰԵֵһա
˵¥ȻЩߣҲĿ棬ֵͲĹⱻû˺ڰ֮Уڿеһֻûгֻܿ޾ĴҲ޷Ӵ档
Ӳתͷлԣժ۾˻ǳȥˣûе档
СҾԲôߵģߵ£Ҷǰһǲǻþʵǳȥˡ
лɳţƺʲôܽ
΢ʱ֣û£ңһа취ܹȥġ
΢ʱЩ磬оԼŵǹζӻģǰֳǷǸϤ͵⡣
һлǸոԶīУ֪ô˻صڰС
Ҳ΢ʱлţоԽǷԼǾԽѣдĿҲǿҡ
ֱīеȻֹг׵ѹֻصһ¥Ƿֱ˱䣬ϤĻˡ
īһЦݵְ˻ӣҪһЩ
ĬĬŻ֪ǳȥĹؼˣ˭Ҳ֪﾿ʲôɫΪʲôǶˡ
΢ʱ֪һֵԼˣȴƽ
Żһڻ΢ʱһ׼һ㻰ͼлɿ֡
ǰһơ
΢ʱ𾪵ĿǸʲô
лԣȥ
΢ʱ⣺ʲô˼ûʲô󵽰ɣ֪ζʲ
лֻתͷƽ˵֪ԣȥ
Ϊʲô
лֻǿһۣ¶һЦݣֵ͵ɢĲϣľĶǡ
Ҫʲôֻʲôطһȥ
΢ʱ֣㵵ıнһ˦ֲǱ˵лϲҰɣҪΪҪ
ⳤģ΢ʱõʱٳٶҲĲˣŮʲôʱĸ顣
һ۴㵵лԣһϿµ飬֪лЦģǹЦȫԼǰĲĥˡ
ҲһҪŮһֱðյĶҲԾ͵Ϊ˻ðһΡ
΢ʱŤͷ¶һЦݣһ粽ǰû£
һ׹ҲûлԵ



112 
΢ʱٴ, ԼһЩϾɵķ
ǿ˿ԼϵƷˣһĵȹ, ǰЩҡεľϻһʽ͵⡣
ˣʮ߿֮żҵա
ʽֲ͵Ѳ, Ҳֻ²ܳԵĵ
һżҹգغСȻȴޱ, СĸҲЩһĳһС󶼺ܶ
Ը䵭Ƨƫɳһſɰº͵, ÿ, ٶͷһ⡣
òϵҲһһյ⣬ʵͼʹôȵҲڻ
΢ʱӲ֮УЩˣûг⡣
Ҳһȼ٣˴Сûи΢ʱʲôգǮû, ϵĴСҲܣǶԴһѡ
ֹϵǺݣ΢ʱûΪѹԸͰһ, 鵱һ¡
ȻҲûʲôѡ
һ, ֻϳһЩף⣬ûʲôϢˡ
΢ʱ͵źãûڣһɡת˼š
ܰ, 󲿷˼Ҷ˯ϰߣôȵ죬ڼﴵյˣͲ
΢ʱٻһϵͳϵͳûжС·ɣ΢ʱоԼǸ񾭲޶˵Ĵ󺰴С
֮ǰļҲЩģ˼ǲһ
Ӽߵ˴С˶һЩ˶ڴơ
΢ʱЩ֮ǰһǲǶΣֻǸոտ꣬˴ѧؼ˯һЩ½Ρ
Ҳԣôô״Խأ
һ΢ʱʹҪǱС˵
һʯʱߵͷֻŬ˷ֻٵĿĿ
鼮沢ûǱС˵΢ʱãˣԼ֮ǰǸڻҺԼһģһ˵ӦҲŶԡ
΢ʱЩۣһᣬǵ֮ǰ飬˼ЩΪʲô֮ûٳȥ
룬ǷΪЩ˷ֲʵͻþ
ȻҲսҲκģָоЩ־壬ԼѾıԵ̽ˡ
˵ѾˣֻԼ֪ѡ
ѵ뻭оǱĽг·Ļô·أ
΢ʱֻ֪ǿȺӰ쵽ҹ˳ſɡ߻˼ҡ
һ·ϴҶˣũİֵģ΢ʱΪеû¸ɲų
ҵʱѾ˵ƣΧǰŷҲûе΢ʱ˼
ֻ߽ʱһۣȻкҲԵ㡣
ģûʲôģ΢ʱ˵ͷû£ֻǿѾֹ͵⣬˵ʲôо
ѰĺӣûоԼԸֹĵԻЩ΢ʱʼնⲻԼ޸о
ص£ӺܶûһҪʳ뷨
΢ʱϲʣˣֲһԵĲˣûиװĲ˾ʣˡ
ԵĶǱ˵Ŀˮ˸оرĶġ
ǳ˵ĸĸ
΢ʱһЩ֪ԼΪʲôص
ǿûгԵ͵ѾûʲôԺвϵĻ븸ĸİȻǸ΢Цܾøط룬иӰЦӭʵΪǵĵطŶԡ
ԣԲ
ٲңĮİ衣
ڴ˯ˣԺ˯ѣѾԺжԭǸļƺֵһЩ
оԼĶЩϰԵӿռȡ־ڰкһŷӦﲢǸ磬ûһ浽ϵͳ
΢ʱĴӴһһҹûгԺȣЩѣ촽ҲɵƤ
ûʲôʳ뷨ʹꤡ
͵·װһ棬Ѿеֻʣ¼Ƭܲͻƹϣģһ̲иˡ
΢ʱĶʲôʳ඼ȣû˹һͳˣ극İҲûдԹԵĳźɡ
΢ʱһθеǰδеĹ¶ǰҲģֻһоʲôһˡ
ĵһŻգЩЩɰỊ̇ǣлˡ
ҲֻѣʵȻܼ򵥣ϾûЩĥѣû˻ΪĸĲ⣬Ӷٴ̤Ԩ֮С
΢ʱЩԼǸµľⷽļԽԽģЩǲˡ
֮ʵĸоӵǿҡ
ӵѣ΢ʱȥʳһԣûһ¡
ȥϵ·ܳ·ųˣ΢ʱһɹ£ͷ
·߲Ǻ죬ֻһŵĵһСĵĹ۲·
˴ӣ·Ĵ󳵺ܶ࣬ԱЩ¡
Ǹؽˣһ·оյĹˣûгʲô⡣
幫˶ʮӣһ·ƺޣûк̵ƣ۲˺ܾãûг֮󣬿ٵΣ·
ٶȲ죬һ󳵺Ȼתǳ˳ȿʱѾɲˡ
΢ʱͷײԶоһͷΣͺͱǻƺʲôҺסˡ
ֻǲһ£ûнʵʵײ綯ĺ䱻ײˣең΢ʱûеڳм䣬ûͣٵݣֳֻʣ»Բѵ΢ʱ
ٴʱҽԺĲϣҽ鿴״̬˵оôʲôͷζģµ֢״𣿡
΢ʱ˻оϺʹûʲôĸоԴҲãҡҡͷ
ҽЩͬĿְֻ𣬻ʿѾϵˣ£˵ûʲô֮󣬾ûҽҩѴ㿨ϿˣԼ𣿽йһ£
ǸСĵŮҽҲͶ䡣
΢ʱƽҡͷǲģ˵Ǹùܡ
΢ʱҽ׬ǮԸ㹩ѧѣòǲġ
ֻһСûʲôͬ
ҽˣֻС˵ƺǲ
ʲôȥ򡣡
ܣҪԲܡ
ϣҲզ
ҵִʯ࣬զѽ
㡭
΢ʱ˸ӽ˶ë׵ԴҲ档
ԻĸŮװˣǶһۣͬĿǸӰ
΢ʱ۾֪ΪʲôѴһѹᣬ˳޽߽ͷ档



113 ôֵġ
һ, ûʲô֮ǰļģ
·ֻһΣһĽ, ΢ʱһҰݱ˳׵
ʵƽʵ޻
΢ʱҽԺһ, ֻҪָ׵ûа취׼Ĵ
ı۾, Щ벻һ쾿ôȹˡ
뿪ط뿪ʵаﲢ, ٶ˵
ǰûûʲô, ûҲûʲôЩůĻ޷ûо龿ʲôܡ
Ǽ⴫ǴŹǵ΢ʱһĳлӢЦ
뷨ӵǿң͵Σص
΢ʱۣŬԼ˯š
ߺȻһ, ص˵һ𣺡ѵֵһʱΪʲô㻹ص
΢ʱ͵ۣǰǰɫĲ΢΢ζ, Ӻһ, лվȵĿ
΢ʱʹ̴ӴʵʵĽ˱ڻ
оʵ, лԲ鹹ģȷʵֽ˻ص֪ʵٵĻʵ
ҵˣ
лԵ˵ţĳȫİ΢ʱ֮Ҳ޷˵ĽˣΨһ뿪ķʽ
ʹԶ޷Ҳ΢ʱֿ
Ҿ֪ﶼǼٵģлҸոһ˵ֵһʱ⣬Ҿû֮ļ䣬ĸԸ
΢ʱ뷨ȫ˵ͨÿĸоһӵһȫԼ磬ʹҲҪԶ
㣬΢ʱ벻ʲôɡ
лܾãһʼ΢ʱĻݵ͵⣬ǡ
ϵĵⷢᣬʣµһ鲢ûбԵ֪΢ʱգܾòӦģٲӦûΪף
лԵһãȻϲ֪ҵ΢ʱ
ļǸûСطﶼļҡ
ֱӵ˻һŮڽӵҽԺ绰ʱʮĮ΢ʱִǿƮƮĵϡ
ôҽԺأ
ΪʲôԳĸ˲ȥ
лԸоԼѿˣ΢ʱĮ¶ܾĮû뵽ļͥġ
ǸлӢóԵģЦ⿴еŮѿˡ
лԺΪʲôҪ΢ʱסˣиҪҪ
˳ûκõĶôҽԺ
Ȼʮ΢ʱڴϣССһš
û¡ô˵ţҲڰο΢ʱлԸоΪʹ
ôֵһλأ
ճҽԺĸܹµҽԺϣôֵĻأ
Ȼ΢ʱﲢˣл̲ס룬ֵĻ䣬֮ǰʲôӣ
ѹЦô٣˵ʱ̲סҪͬ飬û
ʵȻѾĹȥˣлԻ̲סʵ
㻹𣬸оôʹʹ
ʹ΢ʱЩͷУҼǵס˼ͳԺˣûʲôģûײҡ
ðɣ㣬ȥ֮˵
΢ʱͷĺЩɬ촽Ҳɿʵ
ѾûԶˣܾʳ֣㻹ǵǸ˳ԵıĻǿڻһ
лԵȻǵã΢ʱʱһǹȥֻӻСкİ˱֮Ǳһ㡣
΢ʱǸ͵;ʮֵĶģֶĵĸоѹҪԵ
ǵԼ֮ǰһڣ֪Ϊʲôʱָ˵ĸоڻǵá
ΪżǵգһγԵΪĵ⣬ֻΪһ⵰⡣
΢ʱӽһӻг룬л˵ҵıڣҽʱڣԵɡ
ӱóһݮһƿˮڣ֮ǰ΢ʱŽлԵıģпռ䣬ûаѶóڰ
û뵽οռϵͳãʧ㡣
΢ʱ𿪰װ̻ʵĳûԶˣڿʵӾͽˮˡ
ŸоһЩĴϣһ
Ǹֵûճתʱܿ͵ϣûҽԺл˴Ա
΢ʱֻЩƷ˾㻤һ㣬ָо֡
΢ʱûڻйӣϵʹҲ˵ʵǲĽоá
ת䣬΢ʱоǱһϸܵʲôҪһ㡣
΢ʱڴ϶ãлԺݺݵĴһ˵ȣ΢ʱŴָоѳ
ţ
΢ʱһĴָʹ졣
ոôˣ
֪ͦ˵ģΪˣˣְȫаɡ
΢ʱʵĻشˡ
лԵһĨЦݣת˲ţȻǿſȡ˵֡
ǰȥûһǸ߸ߵġ
΢ʱûôֵʱ̣Ҫ˵˵ʱ̣ĪڼлԵǻᡣ
⾢ͷȥˣĳȫ˻еƽ⣬΢ʱļȫܻͬͰڲ
˵ֶͦģֻҪһ㣬ͻᱻɣҪʹˡ
΢ʱӴƺ뵽ʲô
Ļгȥİ취ˡ
ʲôлʵ
΢ʱĿ⿴ԶڻؼҰɣһֵĻ䣬֪֮ʲô֪ҲͲˡ
΢ʱ¶һ΢Ц԰׵촽˿ʮֵ
ʲôˡлֲõԤС
΢ʱû˵֣ȥ
ûǴĻڰʱͻĹȥˣȥܿ
Թ˲Ͼȫ˽죬΢ʱЩʹԼĮӡ
ֺʹһ֮ůˡ
Ҳ֪ԼŮҽԺֻҡӵźӻ
˻صԺӵʱﲻƻͨھΧſڡ
΢ʱһȦһյߵſڣ˳ͶĿ⡣
Ӵզˣô˳ˣ
΢ʱʵǱûôڲŻ
ԺڷԸǹݵ˴˺Ȼתһ΢ʱ
һߣ֪һСΪҽԺˡ
ԭֵԺһ˲лŸоŭһ˲ˡ
Ҫǰȴ΢ʱץס˸첲
ıƽĿûʲô
վһԵ޵۾ͨ죬ֻǿһ۾Ĭתͷȫ΢ʱ
ֻ˻ƺܲ˳ۡ
˵עĿ΢ʱߵ˵ǰŹվȻһչ˵ͷϡ
⧲ıյڵأ˻Ȼ۷׷ȴûһ˸ǰŮת𾪵Ŀ΢ʱŭǣҾ֪óԺúȹһȥҿͷ
΢ʱһͱϣײһıѪ裬ˣСʱôҵġ
ǲǵСʱ򰤹Ƕٴ򣬹Ϊ˭֪˶԰ɣ˹ҺǲףҺʲô𣿡
ûΪұ֪𣬲Ϊǵʴȡ
΢ʱСû飬һֱŹȭߵʲôøС
л׽֮˵ıӻᣬ˫״ֻ޵˺ȻЩоԼˣ˺޷ֲֻһͷͶˡ
ڵϵ˱˦ˣѹ֮һ˲վҪ΢ʱ֡
лȥţŵĻͷһȻ΢ʱȥţʹǻУ޷Լķŭ
Ժܣ΢ʱһ仰ƮƮĶ˻ȥұʱ𣿡
΢ʱ˶֮󣬻Ĺţ˱һϢǴǰδеġ
ԶһˣȥҲûл˿ڱױߣʧȥ֡
վһԵлԣнδᣬЦŶ˵ľͺˣʵ֪źûлô˵Ļأ
ţлԸо綼ڻ˵ķΧǣת֮ס΢ʱ
һ˻УһΪ˫Ҫȥ



114 
ı¶˳, žһġɿֵԴȪһ΢ʱ͸оеˡ
һַǳֲǳĸо, ȴһŭ
ŭⲻ֪Ķ, ѹһ顣
ôĹչڱ˵ǰ΢ʱеķŭ˶, ȥڻ˺ѣݵĺϵͳȡϵӿռȡֻɫǹ, ֱյС
Щ޼, Ȼɢˣһɽѹǰ
ʹף˻ţ޾ʹ
΢ʱܵһʮֲĵĸо
վԱߵлǱ˻Ƶģվԭȫ޷΢ʱһס֣ĳȥ
ͬʱ, ҲЩ־壬֪лվԭػ᲻Ҳɡ
ƺԤϵķչˣһλŮǷҲôȥ
ҲЩ̾ԭصĹΪʲôȥĵطε
ЩbossεĲ, ǵĴڱѾԤ, ܳĻ罫׵ı
ǲһĻԶȴ, Ͷ
΢ʱžԼҪҹĿ뷨ֲ̫ˣŷӦ⼸ζһЩ޷սʤĿꡣ
Ůļӳһ棬ΣպѰҲѲϵ
΢ʱһ֮˲ͨˣ᲻ϵĥѸŮͲҪѰңֻҪþС
ֻеҪŴƽ⡣
΢ʱԵˣеǣлԾȻðա
һʼΪлҪԼʵǵĸԼѡ
΢ʱӺ̶ܴϸıԼ˼ʹϵЩȥ˻Ҳԭľĸ
Уһʼ̤һ·
ֲĺлطꡣ
ǰڲϵСֱ΢ʱܵӵù⣬ɽһҲֻʣһݳӰ
վԭأ͸԰׵һƬֽɫֻü򵥵ճ
ͻһˣǴֽϸոհԹ顣
ڰ׷۾΢ʱ
˿лҲ˹ץס΢ʱ֣˾ôվŻֽ֮ǰţ˭Ҳи
΢ʱӿڴͳһһڻеȼ
˶Ǻ͵صճһģ޷ƶĿ΢ʱ׵ȼ
ŻֽѸٵȼգΧеɫ޹⣬ֻлֽɺɫòʵһ㣬ŮΪ⣬ѪˣȻֻôݵһ˲ת˲ţ΢ʱǸԹҲɢˡ
̺ܼ򵥣˵Ҫ˵ƺڴĽ֡
ӰУ΢ʱһŮϸĴĥոյĻСҪ±ʣȴٳûɫ
ʱƺǹ˺ܾãҹֵڻǰƾߵȥȥҲŲ
ԼĻѾ˳Եĳ̶ȣڻ𿾰ĸ£ͻΪһ壬֮ðֽȾɫ
Ļ˹һ㣬ӵŴˡ
갮Էȴûమܵߵĵʱ򣬴Ѿˡ
еĹֻǴߣʮֲʵԹСҶ
֮Щ˻ῴԼ뿴Ķһֵļ䡣
һݿȥԹȴԽԽĵӵ˵̬ܹӵɫӵ
΢ʱлۣվСҵһ¥ˣϾĻֽӵʲôڻòʵɫлΪ˻ҽ
Ҳûٳ֣ʱˣȥֻ֮ʣ
Ⲣ˾⣬֪Ѷȣпܻ˾ôġ
˶֪ʮֵļ򵥣ֻǷٻԼѡ
΢ʱһμĶЩ顣
ŪǴǰ˹ǻеĳˡ
һеδ֪ˡ
΢ʱһϵĻҳ¶Ⱥ죬˲鿴һ֮ȷҲ֮˳ȥ
ڳ˻ʵûʲôֵðȥĶҲûаʲô
һֱصϣлԲɿ֣ѾǰףһᣬһƬƮ˹
лԷ˳ӣʻڵ·ϣûסʵеǸԭļͥ𣿡
΢ʱûлشϲлʵ⣬ʮֵĲ֪Էûʲô⡣
ֻǺ˵лԶеһжܺ棬ֻ֮ǰرȽϺöѡ
һ˻ԼŨȤǲҪɵġ
УҲеˡ
ûлشлʶȤû׷ʣʵ÷ʽж΢ʱܹá
ϵͳĽܶ࣬ˢµĴboss΢ʱôΨһһɵġ
һɷֽ֣ҪǴ򶷵ĻһʰлԲһܹ˵ĳ
ȻǸоֱܲײĸоһ΢ʱڳϲþ˳˯֮С



115 
ٴڼ
΢ʱڴ, ַ֮ſţȥԿлԿɳϲ֪˯˻ǱĿϢ
΢ʱоƣֵֿĸоǱ, ȫʧˡ
Ƿĸúܴ󣬲ɥʧ־, ȴȫûˡ
΢ʱ·¡
̳˿, ִѾɣ˾ͷ񶼻ˡ
̫һЩ, ΢ʱֿ˿, ȻмСˣˡ
ǵҲΪ˸ߵĵȼ̽ȷСֱӱְˡ
˵ǲӦóС֮УӦɻȥ
΢ʱҲϰȷСӵĻѱ鱨Щ˵ĳͷ̫ˣȫġ
΢ʱл, вȷСǿִŪϢ
Ҳ֪жֲ
΢ʱϵͳεĻ˷ʣ٣ԣһ̡
ǰɫģܳӽ, , 壬΢ʱûһСС𺳣СԢʲôΪֻһ, ˯С
ټ֮ǰ΢ʱջĿռĵߣϣպùһСԢ
⻹糵ȫóֻͣҪ̫ܰС
ˮĴˮͰһȫĸ£ÿϴ趼û⣬ټԽӣ˵ʵ޳ɱľӼΨһ֧ʳ
֮ǰϵͳˢµЩҲܸˣ̳ǺСƳҲһġ
ϵͳˢµĶȻܰ΢ʱõˢϵͳеĶں֮߳ҡ
ɳϢлһ¾ۣ˯Ŀ΢ʱ
㻹𣿡
ڳϾͷ΢ʱ˯ˣ̫ۣһ·û
΢ʱͷڸоöˣ˳ɳϣӿռͳһ㶫лԡ
Եɣýݼ٣Ȼϲȥϰˡ
մǰ˵Ļʵ̫ãˣֱ޲
Ϊ̫˷ܣ΢ʱҲûо
ӿռͳһڵĿܿ΢ʱŸоЩԾ
ûоЩ䣿
תͷ뿴лԣһ䣬Ծش֡
ţˡ
΢ʱһ˲ԺǰҲغǲǸһЩ
߶ϵһ˲ЩԾΪ֮ǰˡ
ȷʵˣ¶ȽЩ졣
΢ʱõ˿϶Ĵ֮ѸĴߣһ򿪴Ѹٹ˽
΢ʱĴһ£ˮ齫鲣ֵɵġ
Щ̵תͷл˵ԣˣϵ̣ǵÿ㡣
-----------------------
л˵Ҫˣ¿ܻһ㣬ҲҪ



116 ܺ
±Ԥеĸ, Ŷ̶һ磬Ҫˡ
΢ʱ֮ǰռ·óˣɫһݰȫ, ΢ʱ֮ǰھƵԾ͵޴¡
лԼҴҵ칫¥ϡ
һ·ϵĴŲûͣԺжԴ˴εĽº, һ֮²ˡ
֮ǰҲкȻµ΢ʱ֮ǰǲ, ̲ס룬ߵ᲻֮ǰһѩӡѾİػ᲻ⶳ
ⶼ˵, 㡣
Ժж, Ϊ֮ǰĸ¾֮ڽµһʼͣĿʼ˶ҵģһ
ų˰칫¥лӢĵſڡ
˹Ȳİӭ˽
¥ڵԱܶ, Эͬתˡ
лæûռˣڵѹܴһ񻯣ҪǰǨˡ
Ҫȵĵطܶ, 䳵, л忼ȽڵȥȻٿԱתƵ⡣
ԺôҲֻܸ𵽴󲿷ֵˣеطĹ, 쵼Ҫһǰַȥõµȥ
ȻлǺһ㣬˶ָӵתԼЩ˵Ĺǣĵǿתᡣ
΢ʱڵȴвŲɹҪߣԽԽãҸյȰѷųǸˣ΢ʱҲֻա
ϳ˷¶ȾȻѾ£л岻ԥϷ˵Ԥ
еӦʶʼģתƣҪƬûȫ֮ǰڵ˺Ͷת˳ȥ
ľڻȻȻҶ裬ǶûεĽ»ôء
ϴαشӽµٶҲֻ˶̶һܣΪֻһͬѰĽ£û뵽̬֮չôܿơ
ĳҪٴ֣òӡ
лľ˵ǷǳѸˣѾҳһ࣬ϴҵǺܺãڵȳڼмУ򲻵
ҲͼȶڵǴҶˣͲá
ֱлŵѾְŴǨ㣬óڵ򶨡
˻ֱӳˣ˲󼺣˶ûзģҲ赲ǳߵĽŲ
޷Щ˵ĳߣϽ˵ҲǼḺһַʽ
ֲŴ󲿶ӵˣ΢ʱ÷Ǻ£Ͼ˲ֵҲٶˡ
Ŷ̶һ죬ʶͳˡ
˵еĳӶߣл廹ΪȥĶԥ΢ʱлԱ˹ȥǴӱѩ߳ȥģ֪·ʲôǵĻЩοԡ
΢ʱɳϣ￪˿յůͣѾܾûоˡ
ֻЩϰߣ˿ˮĿⲻĿɳһлԡ
·Ƽĳ𣿡
ˣ˿ڸȾļҲСˣлȻæľһʮֵɫ
΢ʱ룬ҲûôһطлͬĿ˵С
˶һۣ֪Է
΢ʱǱߵᣬ̵ֱܲˣоһȥͻ῾ĳ̶ȡ
һ붼ĥȻųһƬ򶼱ˣͺ֮ǰȷֽһĳһŻȡ
ϵͳûʾ΢ʱҲֻ뵽ûά¶󲿶ֻڶʱѰµǨС
ǱΣ
лʽ΢ʱʵո˼ĺܶ඼û˵лӵ֪Ρ
ǱߺȣǹʱǱȵģǲ֪ΪʲôǱߵĺһֵƺܹٿ˵־
΢ʱ֮ǰЩ࣬չ¼Ťĳӵĳǰ֮ȥʵ̫ˡ
ʲô˵лʵ
΢ʱ֮ǰľ˵һ飬ҲֱǱߵ飬ʱһȥ³ġ
лʮ棺ȷСȥҪǨˣ֮ǰԺǾԲܴˡ
΢ʱ˵ͷлһԳĬû˵֪ûоЩ飬ʱôȣ֪ûǱ߹ҹ
ˣ˽Ȼȥ׼ɡ
лȷ˻ķʽߣеæ΢ʱлʶȤˡ
һ·˶ûô˵΢ʱһ˿ζ·лĪоһ˿顣
ʣǲǾͿԼװ֪ˡ
΢ʱţջûסø첲յлԵǰһ˫۾ôȵĿôˣ
л˵Լʲôоո΢ʱ˵һУûԼ룬֪ǰ΢ʱǹԼģȻǰȷʵûʲôϵ΢ʱҲһǵô
Ǿʮֵѹûбֳ
Ͱǵľ̲סᣬ̲סҲھͺˣһ·ȱϯ˺ܶʱ䡣
޷΢ʱߣҲ޷ȥԹԼûĲ
˺
΢ʱȫлԾԼҪˡ
ޱĽ΢ʱڶֳ˳ĹԼģȻ󴧽
Ļһδ˵΢ʱҲûʣѾļˣ¹Ĳ˵
Ťġµ˾ֵദš
΢ʱûгԼ֣лԵƺůʡ
˾ôӲ߻˼ң΢ʱ౻紵׼ؼҡ
֪ͨѾÿÿ˶ż룬ЩѾҹˡ
ڿûЩˣгֻҪĻϾͿߡ
ǵ˶࣬Ҳȷ·ϵİȫ
΢ʱſڵִ֪ͨ˶
׼ݹţһֻǽڷ־סſ΢ʱְȥ˿
΢ʱһлԾôĬĬĿԼ
΢ʱЦôˣʲô𣿡
лԣҽ˯𣿡
ʵĺܼ̣ذըһ΢ʱǰը
ʲô˼Ҳ˯𣿡
лû˵ֻǹִĿһ㲻ҽȥҾͲߵļơ
΢ʱһᣬоԼЩ޴мܣɴֱ˵ΪʲôҪסҼңһɡ
ӲıȻʹۿë·ʱû¶ı飬΢ʱĿһʱԼҪ˵ʲô
߾ܾĻҲںͷ˵ȥ·ܾһ
ѵĿڣʹ˵Ƚɣ䣬ʲôǺú˵

һСʱϴɳϣ΢ʱǰѾ˯µлԣоԼǲĲ塣
ŮʲôħһѹԼ͸вƵķˡ
лԳʮֵúÿ信һ
΢ʱ飬ʵʵҲ˵˯һŴ˸ͼ¡
лԿ˿ɳ˼Բ
΢ʱסˣ¶һεЦݣⲻðɣ
л˵ܺá
ʲô
ͻȻ뿪á



117 Ǩ
֮ǰӰĺܴ, ΢ʱлԾ˭ɳϡ
Ĭû˵֪ôӦԡ
˵ԼĸĹ, ϴĸˡ
̰ӡ治һһϦȥġ
΢ʱû취ֻܴӿռһ̺л, ɳСǿ, ֳŵ˯ĺܲȣһСľͻ
лԵ˯˺ܺãȫ
΢ʱһ̵Ļص䡣
ƺѩ, ˳һܡ
΢ʱҹɫ, Զ޺˸֪߻᲻Ҳɱ磬΢ʱϣҪʱ뿪ԺС
طܺãȶѾȫϵˡ
żаɫƮҹɫ͸ɴӡ˽, ΢ʱоǰһģ֪ʲôʱ硣
ڶһ磬Ǳһζѵġ
΢ʱͿлڳæµӰ
ļͼԱߵĹﻹʲô, ΢ʱ۾ϴ
ˮˮҪ, һ顣
ˮ¾ûôͣӵĶˣڳϵĽ֮С
΢ʱϽϴ꣬ܵ߿, ֻǻ̳ϻһ㱡ѩ·ϲûнļ󣬵·㹻ͨеġ
˽ճĶڲ輸ϣ΢ʱʵлԵҲ𣺡ȳԵɡ
嵰лԻ˵ˬڵСˡ
ﻹůͣյܹתҲʣӦò̫
΢ʱɳϣڸоζϤܸо֮ǰԵһ
֮ǰ𣿡
̲סʵлֻһ˵
΢ʱ֮ǰԼжֿԶԷ棬о˶Щˡ
ֻܱ߬߳ԣԵȻ죬޲óȥȦϸʣӾ͸㶨͡
˳극ͣ칫¥ϣ΢ʱоʮֽţлͻ׻ܴܲڻԺˡ
Ѿ£Ժеԭסûĵ£׷ֱܲˡ
ܳ·һһЩ֮ǰ΢ʱѩ￴Щˡ
¶ٵȥȳܲסľǳڵˮܺ͵Ӧ
۸ӵĵѾЩ˪ˣЩܿһشϸϸıӣӸߴ˵ϣЩ۵ġ
ѩֵ֣ĵѾޣȫӦˡ
˸ϵ¥ʱлѾֿʼ׼ĹˣǨȻ䶨΢ʱĵЩʧҲòߡ
Щл˵߾ߵϾаǨǳ鷳
Щߵ˲ò˵ʮǵģлһ͹滮³еķ
ȷСҹԼյĸ·ȷȷʵǿƾӵĳС
Ǳߵ¶ȻģΧжЩ롣
Ϊڵŵ㣬Ͼֻһеȫôġ
ǻҪǨƾӵĵȥ
ǰɵ֧飬Զĵطϣ鿴֮ǰǰƬǷѾش
ȷ˰Ǩ֮󣬴󲿷ֻڹ˶
ʱ֯õһЩѾǣȫùٷġ
ʣµĵŴ󲿶ߵ˻иʣҲҪʵжг
̶ȳǣǲӣлǰźȥǱߵס
΢ʱлһߣñİȫ
ڵĳԴԴϵĳǣԺܱ߳е¶ҲԽԽͣһʱܽʮȣָоǳĿ£ؿƽԼȴ޻֮
΢ʱвϵϵͳûⱾϢ绹
ϵͳҲ˵ʲôοĻֻǲϵĸûУձһ䣺һġ
΢ʱǲ̫£߲ܸһĽ֣ȻⱾԻᱻβ
Ȿʱ򣬼ǵ9.7ţӦûĽֵġ
ȻҲֻõ󣬱Ͼ˵˹߷֣ƭɱ
΢ʱҡҡͷԼոյ뷨ǧҪֻѡ
ڳ˶һ˿һǣſǺͽҲˡ
΢ʱһЩʣǿԴ߼ͬʱǱ߻ܳԡ
֮ǰװһ㣬ռ䶼װռ󻯵
½ͻưֶҪ̫ˣڳںúõıԼл壬˵˺ü֮󣬲΢ʱĴߴϳˡ
꼸֮һȷûм֮ŽŹѴ̳ǹķ˳
һ΢İ׹һɫķĴǰ
΢ʱЩɵۣǰĳͨķûʲôһܸߵĳǰĳҲֻ׶࣬ûôߡ
΢ʱϵͳĽܲ˻ɣֻȥһ顣
ȷԼûп֮΢ʱ˳һȦһͨ񳵴Сĳû˵ƺ̫ꡣ
΢ʱɻ˳ţһȥŷĿռƺ۵ʻͨļʻңǳʮֵĿһСԢһ㣬յģֻмá
Ŀռͳһʼĳȫһ΢ʱӳβľ¥ߣ滹һ㣬ȫһ㡣
ǴȴԿ棬ӵĿռ۵ģһħһ濴ССģȴܹ޵
΢ʱһСĿռ䰲ԽԽϲǳɫװ޿ʮ㣬ڵСڸӦ˵ʱͻһֱ
΢ʱڲһϴ»ͳشг׶˽ӵĿ۹̶Էһǡõӣ΢ʱԽԽϲǰļʻһȫ˫㹫Ԣ
˯еĳԷϴ⡣
ͰܰװϵͳҲȫԶģ΢ʱֻҪ油ˮн̫ܰ尲ڳС
̫ܰûʱʹÿռһһյ翨ֵܶ࣬ȥϵͳҪģøһҲû⡣
ο֮ܲϵȫõѵ⡣
סڷֱ޵еĴڣ΢ʱʻңӣڿտĳȦֳӹЩӵʱ򣬸Ͳᱻ
⿴ӵıһΪֻһ򵥵񳵣Ҳ̫ע⣬ӵİȫϵҲǸߵĲУشͨĹ˲Ƥë
ʵǻֵ̫ˣ΢ʱ˷ܵ³ջؿռ֮С
΢ʱ˵߳㿴ķӣ͵ڲԶлԻϣҪȥһ»Ժеʡ
΢ʱ˶Щ˹ҪˣֶĽ˵ǰҪ
ҹԺеѾ20ˣ΢ʱѩصĸоˣһЩʽϲĽпѵļ󣬳Ҫ˵Ա⣬ҹûʲôˡ
ǰֵĳҹţ˶ڼﲻԺеĵӦǰδеĽŽ׶Ρ
˼ůͣ¶ҹѾǿԶ˵ĳ̶ˡ
һֳӵķҺҲֲס˻ʵһΪ⣬޳ҲҹͣĸͷҺ
˶ֻŵ֣Ҳڶ̫ͬʷһݣֻһδҵ׼㣬Ҳ֪Ӧԡ



118 ߵĿԹȥ
糿, ˻ʻĳӣûڽϻˣ˶ڼ, ûʲôҡ
бֵһӦ糿ʱϹ, ҶĴ£ڱȫܳ
л彨һݵĹȳ, ڵľεĽӵȳԱתơ
΢ʱûейůĵط̫ܰ廹ܼһʱ, Ҫȥ档
ֻµĻ, յҲˣ΢ʱ֮ǰõһůϣŻ˹
̿ڻãΪ֮òˣǿռ̿ҲûԺԣڿʱľҲ֮١
˭뵽»˿ϯԺ, Ϊһѳɶˡ
΢ʱ˴֣ڿĵ̺ϣлԸԡ
µĻͦġ
̵ð, ·ص֮ǰѩлԳʱĳ
ֻǰ̬ȫһ, ̲סܿŮڳΪͬ飬΢ʱһ·ϳɳ˲٣Ҳپѡ
˳һٿ, ȥ˰칫¥¶һһ䣬·ϵֲôˣһ£ҶӾͻ
ʱͣһ㣬еĶԭӣ䶳滹治ǿЦġ
΢ʱеȥߣֻ֪͵ǲҲͬˮ
ǵõʱ·µĺˮӦûбģֻҲӻ֮Уûźˮ
͵ĺ߾Ͳһˣ΢ʱЩֵȻﶳ֮׬ȡһ΢Ļ֡
ȻӦǲܵ£ϵͳûв
͵ӦԼ֮ô֮־
΢ʱлԺܿ͵˼йůĵطԭһãȴĵӲˣȺɳһ֮Уű˴ˣûӵֻΪůһЩ
΢ʱվڶ¥¥¿ֻܿһƬܶͷ
¶ȲߣҲ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ڽͣлĿǰΪֹõķʽˡ
ӴϿʼתƳڵڣҵĿ־˶壬л廹ڳڣûס
ѾȺеˣһȶĵĴڣһ뿪ˣڵ߽⣬ҵ
лĳҪһʱܽڵȫתƳȥԭƻʵĳҲҪΪò
ȵڵȫתƳȥٻʣϾҪˣлЩ𣬾Լ̫ѶϣŪʱȣæҡ
Ķ棬΢ʱȻûпڰοҲûд
Ͼ㲻㣬˭ϵϯУµ֮졣
л˲٣΢ʱһָоյĲ˲١
ʹ󲡳ûüúһֱæ
лĬĬĸл嵹˱裺ѾˣżҲûãúϢɡ
΢ʱһۣ˵лҲ̫ᰲοˣȻתͷͿлԱı顣
лԻȻԹԵĺ˲衣
ʵǸոһ·ʱ򣬵вٵ˶л岻ΪЩƺ޷⣬лѾùˣ˭ûа취øá
˵ģЩֻΪʲôٺһ㣬ΪʲôܽתƳȥֻҪԲǵ⣬λ߾ͻ޵֮С
΢ʱԼȫûа취ƽ͵ΪЩ˷
˼˵վ˸ڣȳȥˡ
ÿ֣˳һ·õ˽ȥ
泳죬˼ԴɿȺˡ
Щڻˮ㣬΢ʱ֪ΪʲôǻҪʱֻţ⾿ܵõʲôôأһΨ²ҵĸо
ΧȻûбɿʵʵţȴҲЩ꣬ЩϿôģָʲôֵ뷨
΢ʱȺУ۲˵ı֡
żάĻԱ
ģΪʲôǣط䶼ˣл廹ǲˣ
˰ɣָжůأ˵һʱʹʳǣҸ˵ˣͷдʳȥˡ
ǺǣȻǸ߲㣬˭ǵأһȥطҵĳӶѾˡ
΢ʱһҲˡ
ʲôԼӷտʼûǳǣǵĳô࣬һߣ̰װûˡ
˴ΪģһЩûܳ;Ҳܵ˵ҪԼȥһʼѾ߹ˣҲڸտʼʱָ˵·
еĵͼǿɹصģ·߶Ѿ滮õģȫ˵ʲôǵ
ˣɫһһףŭļͷըˡ
Χ˿ҲʮֵĲƣԭԳЩһ֪ˣ˿Ҳ˾ǴҲ磬׷ױĵؿ
ܲߵ΢ʱǰʲô˼ѵ˵𣬱ǣҪǳǵĻΪʲô䱸һĳأڰ˵ʲôתƣ¶ȶô˵ʲôʱܰתߣ
΢ʱЦһһ룬ΧΪĳ֣׷׿ˣ˲ٵĿ⡣
Ʒˣľ߲˵Ļ𣬵˭ṩӣܰ߾ѾˣڵĳԺѵṩģ
˱µ˵ֻǵΧ˺ôЦ΢ʱ˵úܶԣȫ޴ӷǱ΢ʱµʮֵĲˬ
΢ʱĸӲߣ棬һıƽ΢ʱ˲ȭҪѵһӣѿŮˡ
΢ʱøཻ֣ΪЩ˰һЩ˵Ķһ㣬΢ʱʮ˳ֵץסӹȭͷһⶥļ򴦣ֻһĹͷ죬˲䷢һɱĲҽС
ĸ첲жĴ࣬һֻֻҪסԼļҲ΢ʱץסֱӰ˵ļ180ȵķת
ҽҲˣʹüʵڵϡ
ΧЦһ˲ʧˣ˶ǰĳЩӦ
ոռɿҪǰæ˲䱻滤ӵ˻ȥ
ıͷڵϣҲˡ
л˵ҿɲ˵Ұ˵ʱ˶𱨣ǼôҪԼߣھͳȥɣ˭Ҫгʱ˵ұ֤ǡ
΢ʱ˵꣬ѻȸ˽Ļ˳ȥΧ˽ûһٸҹȻЩ顣
΢ʱתܺõˣӵ˽˳ȥЩֵûǸڳȥҲùܡ
ǿôԺˣûзâĺֻΪһ˿ĳ
ֻὫĺõȻϣĳ
ٲӦ÷лϡ



119 췴
Աҹ￪ʼת, ڳӻתȥ
Ѿǽµĵˣл尲źýҪת˵֮, ΢ʱ˳ڴ󲿶ӵĺ档
΢ʱͳʱ, ǽССһ£Ŀ, ȻϿĳûʲô𣬵Ǭ
ʵĺ󷽷棬ʻȫûʲôĸо, ֻһСԢһ
ӵĸЧҲǳĺ, ԴǳĻʲôֻһ΢ʱûԸĽûԶʻϵͳǵ
ڸϵͳ²ۣ˵ôǮһֶֹĿų
ϵͳʮϵİο΢ʱ, ҲʮֵĺЦ˵ôĳʼеУǮʲô鶼ˣ˲һֱġ
΢ʱ΢ЦŴϵͳǱֿһ, ϵͳĳĬ, ʮԱա
Ϊ轵һ·϶ûʲôΣգЩ·ԵĻѩѸ, ̥Щ򻬣ҪСʻ⣬һ·ϻûʲô
֮ǰѩҲģˣҲҪ棬ҡڵĳ
Щйڲ΢ʱĿǷΧ֮ڣȵٿʲôܹһЩ֡
һ·ͨĿȥ·ϻܿһЩװķԺиϣһӦȥͳʣµʵģе˶һ˹ȥĳˡ
ǵĳӿ˵ģ¶һ첻һ죬л֮ǰǵľüȹȥǣóڡ
Ȼô˼ķҲ鷳
΢ʱһ·СĵĿţֳӸͲҪ̫Ĳ֮ҲֻҪǰĴ󲿶߾ˡ
·ԵѾһƬȫİɫ羰΢ʱ뵽֮ǰȥϪ򿴵ЩӦ·ϾѾˡ
ʱʱ̫ˣû뵽ǰ֮Ĺ֪ЩǵĴڻǸһĲ֡
΢ʱüһ߿ųһ߸лȥϢһ֮ǰЩ
ܹ١
лԻ˸յߵǰ˱ˮרĿ
΢ʱһ·ЩģлԽֻŸ裬ʽķкôģֻܹ
ʻҵֻѡͨķ䣬䶼һ췿΢ʱûϾлǸˣҪúþġ
һ·϶ûʲôźţһ쵱Լһ٣飬ֻҪں棬úõϢͿˡ
΢ʱų̫ܵѾˣ֮ǰԼ÷ҹͣʻҹǱȽõġ
￪ȫ⣬΢ʱлȥõ㶫ȷ˵ʱܳϡ
һ·ϿСʱһͣϢǳϵ˻ϲ³Ϊһ³ͻᱻɱϻӵıůһЩ
Щ˿С͸ᱻ
΢ʱڳ￴棬л棬Ǹ֮ǰһģһζ
֣ǸʱǲŸոռ棬˵лӦúŶԡ
Ͼ֮ǰ˷ֿʱûкˣʱԼӣ΢ʱǾЩΣһ߳棬һ͵͵Ŀлԡ
ߣץţ΢ʱֻЦЦΣȴ֪ΪʲôлҲЦˡ
ǹǳǳĻȣѲ˼е΢ʱ
úóԷ𡭡
лԵĻû˵꣬΢ʱ͵ؿ
ĺĺ΢ʱͷ棬ɳϢһ
лѾ˯ˣͳԹ˷һͻܿ˯ߡ
Ѿܾû˯һþˣԭǿ׳壬˿ССһڴϡ
л߽䣬˱ӡ
·лԿģ΢ʱץʱ˯һܾǿˣһ·ϣʶȫûڱѩ֮еĸо
ڵĿյԶ£άһȽʵ¶ȡ
ֱл԰ѽӰ࣬Ѿˡ
ٸϼСʱ·ܵˣǰĳŴˣ΢ʱ·ϿЩĸо
һ·ڳڵ˲ôҺˮҲôԶΪͿ³ĵطڳϾֻܶŶӡ
ڵĿҲʮֵĲţڳϲʮֵΣﲻסҲ֮顣
ʮСʱ·óζӵļң˶಻ԣֻҪһʱ䵽оͺˡ
ҼţҲû˸Ҳһ˿ԹнٶƵģֹײǰһ·ϳӾһ㣬·
ôһҹ֮תƻǲܵ£лˡ
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·Եþţһë
Ǳ߸ĴҲҪһЩ·϶άԱ١
΢ʱЩΪȺԼͦΰģһ·ܿЩССķӣ΢ʱųߵľɫвϽ˪ܿͱһ㱡ıӡ
һɨͻ䣬ܶʼڷҲỵ
ʻһ֮΢ʱųӵС
ԶԶľܸоµĻ¶ԶҪһЩ
ǲٳӶʪյµˮǳϵ˪˵Եʡ֮󶼱óġ
ڵ˴ŸǼ򵥣΢ʱſѾ֯ڿֻűĺף֪¶жůˡ
ڵҲûй˪¶ϡ
΢ʱ˵ϵûдʲôܺ·ӿڿ֮һ飬΢ʱ˾˳
֮ǰǸСԶԶľͱΧȺ롣
ȷС̽ˣ״̬ǻСĵ£ûɢĿǰûҵİ취ֻܽСȷǱߵĺӵһ
֪ΪʲôɺԵĺӵڻ֮ûгӯһѾȫˣµھյıɹ֮øӲȫʧȥ֪Ҫڶпڵʪ
һлõл
ڳһȷ⣬ûΣգһ򵥵ɸ֮ɳΪµƾӵء
лӢڰסǸյźûȫ˫ʱϵϡ
лֻȥʱİ칫¥лӢ˹ǡ
΢ʱź˷֮л˽ĸлߣ˿и
οյ΢ʱܾʮֵΣգԺг﹫˾ҲŹˣ˫һʱûа취ȫ塣
ʱѲʱҪúõıл塣
лϵѾܹж磬Ҫˣñӣ͵߳ͣ
ʱߵʲô£лҲĵıʾԼˣߵͨȫǰ
Ȼл尲һϵǶʾԼѾǣܿǰһɧҡ
ٵлһ֮󣬱칫¥ȺкȻ˼ǹ죬վ棬ɧҡ
ǹڵأΧĻԱ̻ҵǰҪԮΧʵڹڻңȵվˡ
΢ʱЩⲻù



120 տ
æҵİס˼֪ߵغİɱ, ΢ʱоûۿⲻô
Щ˵ӾôģΪʲôһʼôҵʱ顣
лƽĿ, ϣתͷ˵ʱ, ȥͷɡ
ڲ֪ģ΢ʱһĳûож, ǲúҲͦõġ
лԲû뿪Щл嵥һ
ţ΢ʱȥ, ɱл塣
кܴ, ˽κײ֪ʲôλá
ڼһʼȦǻȥķΧټϳӴһ£΢ʱܿǵλá
ڳеһСϰڵ¶ʱѾˣڻڳڵԱģǻǨ񣬺ռٲ֡
һߵֱפ, ײպеˡ
ò˵һ˵ġ
ռõķӡ
֮ǰû磬Ҳֻס㡣
ԺеĴ󲿶ӵ֮ĻʩڿٵĻظӦ, ˮ͵, ڴ󲿶ӵ֮ͻָˡ
ֻǰĸ¶Գڵʩ𻵵ģԵĻָҲֻһƬһƬġ
ڻдƬսĺۼֱѩϼ˪ڼѡĵطʮֵĸɾ, Χûĺۼ
΢ʱųչֽǣԶԶľͿ˻˵Ƕӡ
ҲǱȺˣŵı΢ʱ֮ǰЩԽһ
ܿ죬Ϳ̽Դ¥¸ʼɹ·
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СԺţðЦ
Ǹ󣬽ţ΢ʱȴгϿĺ޻֮ϴһ˴˽
ÿ˵϶ϲõЦݣлӢǼ£ֻûҶδһ顣
˻ڳڵ˵İȫ¿΢ʱŵǷˡ
СΣСԺͻҲһ·ϹôûʲôΣջȫ𣿡
лӢһ¾ʸͣЩš
΢ʱͷԣûʲôΣգǻǰ棬һʱӦҲϾڴССҪٳ֡
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ûûʣˣưȥֱ΢ʱûȳڰɣСΣҪҪ¥ϢǶѾ׼ˡ
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Ȼ˻ҪһóԵĲܼȥ΢ʱԵ˽ĵ۳ë׵Сߣо˶ʮֵġ
΢ʱɴż̵Ļ¥˯һʣµͽˡ
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䲼õü֮ܰǰڱıӶ˹ĺܺãһһѴҵĶ˹
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һ˯ϣ΢ʱʱѾȫˣȷʵڵıȽһЩҲ⡣
΢ʱֻ΢źţ߳ˢϢ
лԶԻļϢ˳ȥλת˼Ȧ֮ʾʹ
΢ʱ߳䣬һ¥̫ܰ½˱˿̷ڵƻֻͨҰѴһƬȻ˵İȫϣǲҪ¶Լİȫ֪ʶ
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ָֻоʮֵİļͥעôֵܰķΧ˴һϣ͡
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΢ʱЩ֣ҵ϶Цݡ
ôˣʲô𣿡
ϵЦݲԾĴۣĲԾ
΢ʱʶؿлԣ֪ôģʱ뿪λڲ֪ߵȥˡ
΢ʱջصߣ˵Ŀ׼ӣڵеžһ¾Ͷˡ
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Χտֵĸֽеڴ˿̷ϡ
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΢ʱĬŵͷ򵰸⣬ûɫʽʮֵֻͨùдһտ֡
΢ʱŵ
֪ΪʮֵޣеѶףգͷ˸ԸϣԶȥҲҪصʵ磬ںˡ
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΢ʱʵԵֻ˵һ䣺бľ̿Ȧ
Լ˽쾿ʲôӣżǵãлԺҲǵá
һգ΢ʱϨСݿ˵ƣϲ΢ʱĻ
֮ĵһգҲ֮˵һ졣
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л˵΢ʱտ֣˵Ŵ췢ģ룬ǽͷɣΪҲҪˣףȫ͸СΣñտ֣ԸеĶ߶쿪ģ



121 صԭ
Ǳڴġ
΢ʱͷ֮, о˶ˡ
ԸϣԺܺúõģһֱҸȥ
˷ʢ֮΢ʱϴ, ܴסȫ˶û, Сֻ˯ڿûеķӡ
Ҳûϵ, µĶﻹһһԺá
¥Ͻ˻ᱻܿ췢֣¥¸ܲ͸硣
ǰҹˣЩ˯, ̫ȫĲˡ
˿΢ʱޱȻɽС, ܺǼȥͺˡ
΢ʱʱԼһŰ񣬹ʱŬʱŬ
ܸɳ¶
΢ʱסҪͶƵģλϣûгȥ¸ɡ
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Ѿˣ΢ʱ֮Ҳ̫ܰ壬ܰѲ˰ڽȥˡ
΢ʱһ㶫ȥ, ϾĿռ䱣, ̫ͲѵĿڸˡ
һУ˿ʱ䣬Ѿϵ11:00ˣ΢ʱûʲô⡣
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ҹʰ˶¶̨΢ʱ˸к֮ȥ˯ˡ
еϻЩ䣬΢ʱһʵĿŴŻСݿӡ
ǵèƺķ꣬鲽ɳ֮䴩΢ʱϺ
СҲЩĲɵģʱʱĽĿͶ⣬ƺڿʲô
΢ʱЩ֣ƽʱܹԺܰôһ϶궯
ҲЩ겻˵֮ڷҴܣŪĶɲСǱȽϺãͳѵˡ
΢ʱСèԴһ˫Բ۾Ҳûһһ΢ʱ˳ܿˡ
΢ʱ׼ȥСèߵһͿлԴ¥һ裬Сèһ
ôû˯㲻𣿡
΢ʱʵ˳ֽӹеĲ
ڳ˯ˡ
лԵҪã治֪ǲģһϲ˯ҲǾ
˵ǰҹȫһ˵״̬
΢ʱЦЦӣ˸£Сݾʹɳվ֫ŵڱ
΢ʱ͵תͷôСݣ
ڰԳͣһ˫۾ǵĿ˫ַɿرȻţ֪˵ʲôֽ΢ʱ̾Ѿ֪ˡ
úܲԣŬ⾿ô£ķһԭġ
лҲվСݺĶﷴľٶôˣʲô𣿡
΢ʱҡͷʾԼҲ֪뵽ľСЩӣƬһĽ׶ΣѾûǰôңЩӲ֪᲻
ʲô飿
ܰлϿʲôȫûвοԡ
΢ʱŬ֮ǰгʶһ֣һµͷ
ѵдڵϣڴ֮ǰȷʵȽϿ겻
֪еʲôλãĵβϤȫ֪᲻
һֳɵ˿ʣתͷлԣٷɿʵǰ𣿡
л˲˼ᶨҡͷû˵ƺеش㻳ɶķ͵й𣿡
΢ʱ˵ͷҡҡͷųԣҲ֪ʲôйء
лԳ˼Ƭ̣ǳȥɣ
籬ѵʱ˶벻΢ʱеʾҲȫ֪ᷢʲôοڵľѾƿء
˵л֮󣬻ԺеľǲôͰᵽġ
һﶼδ֪ģвûⷽд
δ֪δ΢ʱᷢѶ
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һ޷֪Уѻһ벻ķʽ֣˷ʤ
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ĵûлָӦҹʱӵòˡ
΢ʱźҹգеĿֻǿңܾƺʲôҪƵġ
ָоûгãΪһֵ¡¡ߵ죬৵ղû
һƬڣֱԽԽ΢ʱ֪ʲô
һĨˣ˵Ǿ˸Ǹߵһǽĺˮ
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Ҳ֪Լʲô̬ʱԼϲ֮ǰħ³ˮݣεİ
ִҽԺʱŮ͸ĺңų°͵Ľ飬ǿϻȡĻɫӣһյĵǰ·
ͷ˿Լ壬ƺһû״ɫûʹҲûо״ֻвϵˮǿˡ
΢ʱоֵĸо˿ǰһС
˭
ʲôʽڣ
Щʲôģ
Գǰȥޱߵĺڰ֮С֮ǰΣͱԵǸŮ
ɺԾھƵй֮һˣ̣ᣬǣлӢлԡ
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΢ʱ·, ձȥϰ࣬оԼѾеֹͣ˼ˡ
ֻܰͰһһڹλĲɵ, ֮ǰѵ
һûܹϵͳٻ, µҲ۵òС
ĺ֣ʲô
Ϊʲôںˮпĳ, ԼĪĻصԭ磬ǰеĶʧˣһΡ
ǱԭС˵, ȫ޺ۼ, һμƾһ
΢ʱԴЩ꣬ʱһξ͵磬֮ǰ뻭ȫһ
Ҳȥİ취ҲûплԴĸطͻȻð
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, ȹ˻صʵĵһ죬˺һܣⱾС˵ǲûʲô˿
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ͣЩ棬΢ʱǵЦԽԽڵʱҹ11:30Ǵǰ°֮ˢֻҪ˯ʱ䡣
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