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1
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ģݻһ¥ڴˡǰſڶ࣬ż塣
㾲¥ĺ֨ѽؿˣ۳ԺһͰˮں˭ܣֵֹš
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һźӰԶƮ˵أڴ˽䡣ŹƫƧӰҹɫ˲
⺬ƣӣǰߣӰֳΣֵ֮¡Ϸη֮Զȥóͨķʽ
ƹģ׼Ϻ᷿Уҵľơ
ƹˣ̧ͷŷǰվһˡǰŮӲ֪ʱģϢǰɫʹ峤࣬Ϻһٵ͵򵥲Ĵ磬ûʲô
ƹķôãֵͷѪ콭Ŀˣʲô⣬涼ȥ
ŮӸǮתλǰȥƹĶһ
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5
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ڽϣǰ죬̧ͷһ˿ȥԽԽߣֱԶ¥ڡ
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˵ǴɣҲȫǡ⺬ʱüͷ΢壬ƺǳ֮£겻бƵƵ߷ûʲô£ȴҲЩΪһǰ̽顣
᰼гɫвһǵĳ嶯ֻתһ룬Լشֻúοһա
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ϣڵͶµ¹⣬˼н硣
磬һùʳȥ


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ľɽ£һƬСĴӣ˳ľ塣
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ǴϷľɽ״һ䣬Ĳܱ࣬γһԵķֽ硣
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ഫֻ¸ҵֲŸҽǱΪءɭҲֻḻ֣ƾ֪ʶͼܣ֮سɹػɭ֣Ӵ˹ʳǵӡ
ȻľĴһŽϧﻹиرĴͳ֮ʱȫ嶼Ҫƣδؼҵܹҵؼҡ
ˣ˴ŵҪɽ̽Ҳ⵽˵Ȱ衣
ϾɲЦġ
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7
ҹľеһ˼ң͸ŻƵĹ⡣
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ǣ壬ţɷнµӣͷߵģǵȥѽûȥЩˣֻҪǽȦлģ
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ҲŲСӯһ䣬ʲôƵģɪһ£ǣǴ֡

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᰺ԣѿڶѵ
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ᰵȻˣǱ˵ͨˡҪıɽУֻǱѰԻɽȥҡ
ʵҹôɽǲҲڸżʣ
ӯһƣǲģҼ֪һɽΪۿŮΣЦģ£Ѿˡ
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ֶⷬ࣬˲һʱĬ
溦˲ǳ᰺ݺݵȭͷһµ棬ֻǻһû˵ڣЩݽɽԻǣҵ׶༪١
ģһ
ʵʵ֪ҵһЩӯɭԵʱΪֹ·;ӡǡ˵һԵɣӡǡ
ֻõĵ̳һͼ᰼Ů㶸ſ̺ۣ֪Ӧ
Ҳܹűҵ


8
ʦˣҡ
˰գӯֻܣһֻ־ȻЩס 
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δӯ˵䣬ԼɤҲ˻
УȻһ졣
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һ࣬¹ͨѩףߴͷһ˫֦һĽǣƤëԷ϶ӳ֮⣬һѩɫıʯ
ͯ޲ֹۿ¹ԽԽֻһ֮ңش˫֣ô꣬ϾҪʵˣ
ססһ¹ߣֻҪǰһ֮У
ͯϵʹ¹̽ǰۿҪ̤㵽֮ϣȴֹס˽Ų
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һһָо¹ƺ֪˲ڴ˴
顱һѩ׵̤õ֮Уȫĺͯȴ¹¹Ĳϣ¹ǣֹס˿
һʱ䣬ԻǻȸԾԺ׷ӿȥ
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ĳʱᣬһͬдԣС붾·ԽԽԶľɽ㱼俴һĨɫѩ¹ߴŵеľ飬ߵݶΣһϢǰͷ¹ǡ
һ˲䣬ȫ̩ͨȻ䣬ĹЧ
ĻıܵõȫĽǣƤĹѪһֵǣ


9
ԻǷ׷׸Ųѩ׵¹ǣһ˲䣬Ǹеǰδе泩ɫҲȫָģ
𶯣ˣƤëƵģǹ⻬˳֡
ǰҪһǧ근ı
־һԾؿһУһ
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˼̧ͷʾ壬ô֪סģǧıõϵͷһţ
ЦЦֻǰڳһζϵģ
˷ܵ¹Ƥðģȥ˺á
˲ͬ⣬һֻ¹һƤô֣ҿѹѹΣû¹
¹ǲ֣ұĲҪԽǶҪˡ
ۿǰҪҳһ࣬ԴǼҵѾۺҪԼȵзݣһȥٹƽˡ˭Ҳٲˣ
Уע֮ʱ¹ѪѾĸʴ˲©һ󶴡
¹λӣ֧֣վ
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ϾӴƣȴסˡ
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ȼֲܵﶼճһ罹ڣʱʩס
֮ܿ˸õָԭ״ǡɴ˻ͷһԻɱۣ⽣Ӱ֮䣬ضѪ
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ܹȥֵʧȥʶӡȻԻ֮ܿʱĹĿ֮Ƥڣʮ֯}ˡǿֵ÷ˡ
Ѫȵ־磬ʱ
޴䣬ٿȻһ
ʮϤɽ֮ǰļΪơͬǣһεͷϴһ㡣ִѴȴޱȣ
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һδ֮ͣϡ
ˡ⺬ָ΢΢ȶĵǡ
˵գһɫιţ¥ۻΪԼۻˣ۾
ǣţλأ


10
һ˲֮䣬ŵ΢񣬲δĶ
ӦѾˡ
ɣ罣УӲЦվ󣬻Ϊͱء
յʣʱȻֹػ˹ѲɽҰӣղ紵
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۾Լ֣ġ
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Ȼһ룬Ů˴Цִӱķص֮䡣
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˼תŮƬ֮㸴Ʊǿࣿ
ѵεйأ
÷ֹѪ
ȻȴȲҽɣӶ˫֣׷Ҷ絶һ㣬
ԷʽѸ֮ͣУССϷʹ˫ֽӡҶȼڿУһʱ価ή裬ɥʧ˹
ȴսһֻ۰ӣȵߣ
˳ܣӶȥ
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ӯ㶵̱ڵأ˫뿪ķ
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ղŻҶȼźڵϣشػ档ӳ֣ӭѸ͵ٶȺܿðỤ̃ϯںɫ˵С
ԭһĿġ
ǰһҲӵײܿԻʬһգƤ⾡ɢɿſӵģһ𿾱ҷˡһ˿ϢоԮֵģʮɾԻس̶ȴСһ已̥ڻмɱ֣֮ʹ۴Сܿ죬б㴫Ƥⱻζ
ϧУһˮˮˣٴĻҲСһ׮ʿпȫˣֻЩ˸Ǻã
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һԵĻдʹҽСʹȥһֱյʹ͵ǾԻϮ˱˻𣬻һѪֹ˿ڱ𿾵ýڡһˣˮץסݰ㣬Ͷ
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ȷ緽˵⣬ѰáһΣڵӾҲСˮͬһˣʱ᰻СδʼУ뷲죬ȴڴкδֻǱѬýڣǺÿԡλϣʮ־棬Ҳ֪ιʣֻƲ׽йء
ΧУһ߲·Ӷ˻һá
ǿԳţһ߼žǿߡ
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˹ƣƲؽѰһϢĻˣתƵȫһЩĸߴ
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ӯϲޱȣæȻתһѾһĻǽȥ·µʵʵ
᰼ŲŲŵû΢ĴϢͺȣֻ֧ϥŵأ򵹡
ҪҪһӿǰûϢ
ʶ̫ѣͷʹѣԴ죬ͷϺʦںһǹʹһ֮䣬Ȼϵö塣
ǿתͷһԼĳ·ѱ˷סܲ͸عСƽŨѬ۾
˫֣ͼӡػ𡣻Ŀƣ΢΢СһЩ¶һͨ·
ŮӵĺڲԶᰲмӯ
ѵӯڻУ
ھ٣ƴϨѰԴһѣӯ˳ȥַ͵ؽڿն𣬽ӯ̸š
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һʶ׷׳һۼԽԽ£һЮᰣһͣϢ޵׶Ҫ۱ǶڣΪһ塣ҰһƬѪ죬һͣʮ˲
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ʲôõӸĵһһ٣һ̵ҪһƤһоԼճ˻ҽƮƮ˿Уһ־ԼȻ׹ģеһ̵·׹ʹࡣ
Ȼһĵпڴ˵һ亹ʱѡ
Ȼۣϣϲ˱
˼㱣һʱ벻Լںεء
Ҫֵ̧һ⣬ȴԼʹֱ۾һʱ̧
˰ΣŲ᰸ŴߵˣһŲԺӡ
ʦ㣬ԺţΪϸϸƬ̣ȣӦ޴ˡ
΢Цˡأ
ء
ʦ㣬˯һһҹأξ̫ðˣԺԲ涣
ЦãӦˡʦֻشʮҲյġЩԻأӯû°ɣ
ûµģ˵ʮа˾ţѾŲؼҽΡȴ𼸷ɫǴʦ㣬㡭
ң᰻λθ첲Ƚţʮɣ֪ҿһ֣ʲôӴ
ôˣַ˾
£ֻؿڻЩʹЦЦסؿʹʱڻУһˣǻϣ֪ôȴ˹ȥһѾص˵ǽңιȥ²֪
ַ˿ȴЩ֡
㡭ȫǵˣ
᰺ҸüǵʲôѵǴӻоңȻٽԻ˳˻ش
¿ˮͷʦ㣬ʵˡ


11
ľɽ£һϪ¡öСʯӱӽˮУƬƬ
Ϫһʯϣлζŷ¶Ժľ
ʱҺʦӯӵϣʦ㻹û㡣ǻʵ̫ͣ˼ζȥòˡ
˵֣ǻţԽԽֻͣһȥ»ʱҲʮļ£ͺɾƵģһڰ̽˶һ˿϶Ҳ¶ˡ룬ŲѰĻӦŮŪĹŹ֡
Һʦ㶼ʱ򣬺Ȼϴһ̧ͷһֻܴĺͷȻһӰ͵ǰƾճƵġһԭһźµŮӣÿˣһҲûС
̲סŮܿ죬ʱǶ˶û
ûµҺʦ㶼ͷҲѰŵ֮ˣΣΪǲ֪·˵أæȰϽ뿪
Ҳûǣֻһأüǻһȼ𣬱㲻׷Ź֮ˡǸĪ⡣
ʦǷ֪˵ķ
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12
᰺ϵ峤ʱٲȻѽеȻ׶Ρ
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13
һ磬ʦһ˴Ǳ峤ˣ뿪ľ塣
;У۳ʱԭջͣ
ţȥͨʦٻڡ ᰽ʦãһ˳˿ջš
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ᰱһеĽȴûһ˿ֵޱȵת˲ϸһӡ
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ʶԼεʱᰶͷð亹
޴˫˫㱻ںڰĵ֮С


14
ʹȫ֮ͼֽѳ˼ʮΣȴá
һ˹̶ǽϣһ˰ҧסɿڡ
侲˼ԼĴ
ǰɽһ󷨵Уʱ͵ˡ󷨣ӦһĴ˲佫˴һط͵һط
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谵һηڣ˶ڵصŮӣжʮͬһһֽŶ˨ס϶ʮְۻࡣŮǶĬпǽϣһԲضŵ棬ʱʱϣǵֽŻһơ
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Ϣƽ֮ʱԾòԾȻѹǹаȴδϢȻڻսУ
Щ졣
˭
󣬹̽һԴ
Ůңѽ
һԭǷŵеŮӡ
ι߻谵ᰲδĳࡣһ֮£һ
ֻ֮ϣһƤͷƵԴβʮ꣬һȴʮ¿壬ͷϡϡʣǺܳʱûԱ


15
̸ᰲ֪Ůࡣ
ǰǰ󵽵εģʱô
Ҳ֪ʲôֻ֪ǸЩóԵģΪ˷ѪҲҳ⣬ɱˡųӡ
ŮҵĴˣһҪ㣡
ҪȥĶҶ죬ҪҪ·
ŷ֣ʵԸҲнȻͬһ·ϣੲݵؽ˷ܼˡ
䣬ʵʲôط
㲻֪ĶǴرģྪȵĿٹĶǣǣ
Ŀٹǡ
ˣڼѰ֡ʦ˵ĿٹϵһСľ飬Ǳвͬ
Ŀٹ۳ǧǱ͵ˣ
ŮҿղˣʲôشһڲزסϲĿٹҽȫõĴó֢
Ҵȥõҽݣ
ᰰҡͷҽҽپʿĲ֢ʲôô
༤ģԾ޴ȥȥơ
תתһСӣһָ
ֻһʮɵĵǰ쳾ҽݡĸֵңչһӳ
᰿ҽǰȺզࡣ
ǰΪų̶ֳȿȻƽй֮޲ģǴ˵صҽݣ
˷ܵرǰȥ˺üŷЩᰣ̻ͷһ
ҽݽǰһЦеױסˡΣҽݵۡ
һָ֮
⡣һʶλ귽Σ
ᰰͷԣȴһ˿ɪ֮⣬ʵإ塣
ᰲڷǰ͸¶ݣҲإ塣
Цڶ⣺ʶλǷݣΣ
ûδ
ãλ롣ָ飬βѾŵһϡ
شᰳָķȥˣ߱챧Թ
᰻ܣŶӵȴĶŮˣ·ϹˣΪԼŮ
һŽ϶̵Ķ飬ŮǶݲŲף峿մ¶ĻǶ䣬е߸ųɡỤ̊еĻʡ
һ쳣ĶУŮǶأҲʮͨ
ЩŮӣģ
ֻô˵ԽŹ֡
Ȼ˳ĶβȴȻʮָˡ̲סС˵һǵһ쳾ҽأ
ʵұʱ򣬻͵͵˽ЩǮûȥһµı飬Ǯ
ʵģ
ٺ٣һ͵Ц᣿ӣв𣿡
ɨһϡͷƵɫÿɷ
вҲָּһŽ϶̵Ķ飬һŵˣһüεġֻȥǮ
ʣô֪ǺǮ
ѽ࿴¶ɫһɸ֡ƣָһĵ·ŮӣŮ˿ᣬӦѾΡָһŮӣ͸ᣬ˵ѾΡҪûǮסطأ
ףԭνҽݣľݱ⡣
ŶӵŮӸòѵȻҽݵĹͣ
㲻Ǳˣ㲻֪ĿٹķͬŮΪϡȿȣ곤Ϊ
Բ֮ҹÿգ쳾ҽݲŽӴⷽĿˣƽʱͨҽһġǽǡɸȻֵõȵ¸¡
ĵѹصŮӰ˵زǸػɱ㼱˵أԼֻǱӴϵġ
ѵֻһҽ˱
ǵȻֻк쳾ҽݵĴ͡
ô˵ҽݣΪ˱
ǣҲǡЦ˵Ů˳ʶʶǮǮʲôˣҲܱøԣ˭أ
ԭˣ룬ĿٹķǶһġ
ģģ᰺ǰŮӺȻ
һԵҽæȰ裬άֶ򡣿ϧԽæԽңŮ˳һţɿ
״˼ŮӺͿϷ˲ﵽǰȥ
ᰴסȴѾֻ㻬˹ȥһȥͱǰۼŮӷ֣˲ʸ֮ġ
ޣ㾹ҲӣŮһѡ
㲻һߵȥۿҪˤһԵʯͷϣһ·ǵƤɡæƾһ
סӣֵСµѸܻŮԲ˼䡣
һʵʮ־棬ô£ܶˣ״ʹϰķʱʱ飬˷յúܡ
żһתۣ᰺ҽݵ۶ߡ
Цݲȴᰵľٶ۵סֹס뿪ʱִҴһתֱ˶
񣬶᰺λҼҴ޴롣
ྪϲ˫۷Ź⣬ǰȥðǿȥɣֻͷղŮ˷ֱۣ
ҽݴóŶӵŮӣȴûмУһѰҽݵģһײסڣӣС
û뵽ӿһµᣬ¯Ʈҩ㣬һԵĽྻһŵӡ
޴򣿡᰿ڡ
΢Ц˵ͷ
һԵ۴ݿڣǵһɣҼҴ޴ֻشʮҽˡ
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㡭㾹ó۾
޿ͳһЦЦˣȻֻǸӣҽô꣬ʲôҲһЩó
ղҹڣӯ࣬ȻһаϮΣգҪ׼
аѵǡ
ʱľɽУΧʱ򡣵ʱ־̫ѣֻǵȼգҪΪһ塣
ѵνа𣬾
ʵʴ޴򣬿ʲôа𣿡
޿ͳһЦֻһ鷲ӣ޸аķֻһһԵĹ֮ȡһֻСУǰǼöĵҩҼҴطƵĵҩȥ𣬷а֮Ча֮ʱɷ´裬ЧͼӰ
᰺ȡһöֻҩɫѪʮ־£ʣԺҩƳɣ
ҼҴѧҩˡ²͸¶
лᰵʴҩֵΣ
޿ͳһЦĿٹСɣڴ˵ؼ֮ˡԵ㲻ҩѡֻӦһ¡
Ŷ£üë
ܼ򵥣޿ͳϰ΢΢ǰ㣬ɫ͸¶һ˿ȤҴδĲ֢Ҫ۲оһȹ´ҩϸҩЧһͷԸĽҩˣһµıǡ
ִҩУҪش𣬺Ȼһ
Ŷӣֲѣɲڣͼı
Ϥһδͷ춯һдԶ˹ĲŰڷšһһ졣
˲мһƮȻ֮ϡ
ǽС޴򣿡⺬Ŀ䣬ִ΢΢ķ֮ɫ
ҲһΣ


16
°ȻĲ֮ͣ޿ͳδع
ֻλյ޵ŮӣôȻĪһˣƾճƵġ
ǺŮӵģ˵ҪԼΪȴϾԭأ˫ָжҲѰµһ㡣
޿ͳϸ۲֮£λ׹ɫʶѵŮӣҲͬΪ޵֮ˣ
뵽ϣ޿ͳָеһ˿ܣάһЦλͣҲ𣿡
Ȼ⺬Цһֻǲ֪ųʮҽ˼ң۾ûУ˲Ҫҽ֮ʱۻֶڶǳǲ˿ɸǺã
һߵ۷ϲˮ˻̲ס˵Ǵ޴ҽô꣬ҽ㲻µһҲֻشҩ׹֮ܣⴧģ
ˣ׹ǣ⺬΢΢仰˵ֻⲻм
ۻҪ˵޿ͳһ֣¡
޿ͳЦºɣǲ˵ģһָֻǽϹһĴ֣⡰ҽ񡱡ֻشҽơ
Ǻ쳾ҽݣڱҲмʷˡ޿ͳŵ˵һŷ󡣹ƼŶӵˣ
ÿԲ֮ʱʢŮյĺʱһգұרŽĹǣҼ崫аٴطԸǵάഺò
ŮഺΪʳܲ˥ϣΨ쳾ҽݵĲˣഺţұõ֤
ز˵ҩӦν´ࡣ
޿ͳ˵⻰ʱ̧ͷͦأȻԼҽòʮš
⺬Ҫٱ磬᰺ȻҽձǺúõЩʲô
⺬䲻һǺһ㶡ᰳûѾװŵҩĺУл޴ΪΣҪѣһ
ˣ޿ͳȥΪϲȰ֮˵õ˼㣬йһŵƵ·ָտɴˡЦתһλλǻݵǷҪΪ
⺬ǣֻ΢΢üҪⶫֲСӣôһزʶ֮˱Σ
᰿ȥʮ侲а֣ѰҽΣֻд޴طƵҩϿҴȣܲţҩãһֺη
⺬񲻽⣬ֻϲҩҩӣǱɡ
޿ͳ󣬶ҽݴã᰿һԣһλΡ
࿴˷ܵسкôô޴ҽܸߣǲ׼Ѱ˵ģ˺Щ𣿡
öˡͷѾתͷȥ˷ܵŴʲô᰸û
ˡᰳıӰڰ֣һЦ
ҽݴţ᰺ͷ⺬ڽϡ
ѽƢǷˣ⺬񿪿ڡ
ңʲôƢɷأԿǰ·˵Ҳֻм֮ԵСķײβﶼȥ磬мͨͨ·˿֪ģ
ߣ⺬ЦղҲѧˡ
ңϲ¶Цݣôʥֵ洫ط㣿ֻ»Ҽʶǳء
ˣ⺬ǴˣΪ޵֮˿ҩҲԡ
ҩôã
ҩͲô⺬Цżղ㽫ˣ
㣿Ѳ㻹β
Ȼᡣ⺬Ȼϣֻˣķʶνഺϵķ˶Щ߹㣬֢ͨ㾹ûܰ㣿ܲһںԵķˣȴң
С㣬㻹ܡϴ뿪ʱҲûҪҰ
⺬һʱֻõˣϴβҵĲǣǸɵˣ
Ц˵˵
֯Ѿֹʧ֮ס⺬ʱԤء
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᰼üͷ֪ЦЩˣʵϣҲһ˵
⺬ɫ˿ɣ˵֮⡣᰼ɫã̽ʣôˡҪ
⺬ź͹ƵԼǰ̾Ȼ鼫Ϊִ֣һӽƻĺͯĿĲݡǱϣƾ޵ʲôʲô磬Ҫǲܲ˵Ļռշȫޣͬˡ
أ
档
ֲ˵ҩûãѰ˼ãһȵ꣬ұ㱻ˡЦ˵˵أΪרŸβ
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ΪΣ
⺬ʣ˵ؾ۳ǼԶ˵أΪΣ
ң᰻龰ұҪʦһͬؾڣϰ·ɽ̵İ㣬֪ʲô󷨣תƵǧ֮ĿٹݵΣòӳ졣
ɽ̣⺬۾ô˵ѾԹ
ᰵòʮرϴߣ޳Ī⡣ǰãʼ벻ͨΪҪ˵ء
⺬ü˼ɽ̰ıĹһֲ룬ֻδ֤ʵ֤̽
ʵĿΪĵģɽ̣ҵĶλʦãһɫͬУ˿ɽ̻᲻Ҳ֣ƵƵʧأ˵ؼɣ޴Ѷķ;ݵ㣬Ǻ˵ġ
⺬ҡͷʦҲ֮ˣܻΣܣȻҲܼвУԼվֵǣ
ʦö㣬ɽ̽ƻޱȣܲģ
⺬ͬңʦҲ˴˵أǻ¡
ΪΣ
֪ɽѾ˴⺬ЦʦͬýȺҵһ򾡣


17
ʲô᰸ڷ⺬߽һլӡɱңҲҵĲҵ
кβɣ⺬Ц߽һᣬֵȼ
ʮ£齲õʣױ̨ϵױưڵþŮӵĹ뷿
ŶˣһģЦ˹ʲôݲؽ
Ͳҵӣ⺬ױ̨ǰžӳա
һ㶣ܾ÷⺬켣ûһɱ֮ȴʵǸ˼ҵĴС㡣
⺬Ӿпı飬°Цҡͷ漴Լһ
ǾͬʱŮӵݣһ䵭Įżֹ°аһͣ鶯
ƫͷСˣר̴վӡ
⺬񲻴ֻ֣ʳָһӣ˲һӡ
һ
⺬Ҳָһ
Ѫ˿ڣ⺬ִָھϻһ״
ÿŵıգ˺ʱбῪҪ̽ϢƳɽ̵Ĺƣɴ˴롣⺬ͼΣӱųâ˵ӰΧСҪһ룬ֻͬһ澵С
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ǡ
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ͷ⺬ھеڣһˮսʱ᰿ıˮԼͷ⺬
⺬˸ƣʾ侲Щ罻֮ǲݵ֮ˣħڴ˳û
ħͷһʦСǱСĵħ壬Ҳ˵أ
·ɫɫߣֱ졣·еĿˣ˫ȴͬѼƣеĸݶ֫޳񣬻еǰ˰һԣǾ϶һߣ˿ࡣΪݡ
Ȼ˴ļ᰻ͷǰһȻŴĺӥߣһ
Ҫ㿪ȴȻһɣ¶˷⺬
᰽ӹһ׺쳣ͷߡ
вĹ˿Ͷ̯࣬ҲǶţëĶϡŹ֣У᰻ǵһôֵļСָһ̣ʵʲôģ˱¡
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ͼݣ⺬ǰϰ𣿡
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ᰲ𾪣ǵ˵ҲʮƹˣǱ־һֻƻ
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˳ֽ˹ȥɴʰֲ֪ĸϻóһõˡ
ã⺬ǽ̫ۡûЩģ
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ƶ죿⺬Щգҵ¡
úúãں̺ѰҪýҪɡˣ㿴Σ
µ⺬ΪԼѡԼɽ̶ȥ޴ӰļƻΪͬѡһѳֱǱǰȥָֻһöССָͨѩףƣЦⰻȻѹ˰ɣ
⡭һָֻ᰽ָǵϸ꣬ϰ壬ڿЦ
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⽣Ȼ᰽зƽóһ
̼״ϲͺá˵⺬׸ɫһֻ֣Ǯɡ
ʱ⽣ǸģôǮ˵ձȥװʯǬһ֮¿տҲĵ⣬Ȼûдϡ
Ǳ߷⺬ȡһЩǮңС᰼ЩǮ״죬ڳǴδʽ
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˱⺬ִȥתƣһѶǷι״ҩзװΣճƷ·һҩ̣Ҫʮö裬֮£ᰴ۽硣
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⺬ĵ᣿ӭȻҪװ󡣡
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⺬ЦżʱδǴĳڻδءҼ궼һξУЩʱòϵģҷǬװš
˵·һ̯ӣֻ̯ʮɫ˸ʽСмʮʮɫӣϷɵģߵģʲôģ޺޶Смë׵ģͷԣŷɰ
ᰲɵñͣס˽Ų
ϰ壬ֻǮָһֻӡ
ϰ忴ȥǸˣЦ۾ӣ͹۹ãⱦֿɰܵЭȷʵǸ֪Ҫֻңӣʯ
ҡԼûǮ
ϰڴͲʲôɫһ䣬ûǮвǮ
δ䣬ȻǰѹѹһƬӰһŮǰϻ׺һöɫա
ϰӵתһתһŮĿʮһ⺬ɫװæЦôСֵǮ͸͹ٰˡ˵žҪӷС
⺬ֻʱ쵽ˣǿЩ
üԶһͳԶĹɢƻֺؽС
˾£⺬΢ЦһĨս˷֮ɫⲻˡ


18
Ϊţھңȥھ澵Ӿˡ⺬
᰽׵ıװУһͬȥ;ľʮİղǲ
ǣ⺬ʱ⾵еľᷭתʱһָܻԭ״
ԾΪڣھһ֮У֮
ߵ֮ǰԭȵķţѪضͼΣ˾С
۹᰷Լһλΰҫҫˮһߴõڣǰһţ˾ŵ˨ǰһߵߣ·һֻܴĽ󸣬鲻ʱҹʹš
һֻֽ⣬λͣ볡е渶һǧ
һǧ㲻СĿɷ⺬۾գҲգͳһӣӽ˽С
һڽ븹УΪܵ۾
ͣ˫һչӦ
ǰԽţҰȻвƻȴȰոΪԻͣһ̨ΧסĪ⡣ֻ̨ڶɵ֧Ϊʮλ̨֮֮ܽϵľɫ
߽⺬ϡУˮѾã߱㹧ȥ
ʵ̫ΪԵʣΧıͣȫȻֻͨͶӰжһԵǷˡ
˴Ϣңϸ֮䣬羵һ㣬ͻӣ·
һ·Ĺӣܸøң⵽ʲôط˰ɣת⺬
ŮȻݵһڲˮЦЦصڣųȻֵĺõطȥĺ쳾ҽݣ˵ҲǺͬһԴء
쳾ҽʲôϵ￴ȷʵǸ֮ҽմʲôϵ
ʣȻ̨֮ϵѾų£¶
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Ǹ̨ϲ֪ʲôأпգӵһ̨ӣֱ̨ƽ롣ᰶһ̨ϣżŮӣױݻоúһɴ
Ū顣⺬һ
һãŮǱοʼ質ࡣȻ̬Ůĸƽƽ棬ֱû˯
Ȼдһᰱŵһ顣̨ʱֹͣһߵߣһλŮƵǰ۵ĵطѡ
ܿ죬ĳڱ㴫һ죬֮⣬ߵƬ̵Ů͵áűǲеļŮժɴĿչбǰ
Ŵ۾ſŮ¶֮ȴΪ
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ȻǸʮʮĳªŮӡ
Ů¸̨ûһεĻ谵С֮С
ֳ߲һḷ̌͵УԶԶţŵǼӡ
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ĿٹһСأ޿Դ⣬ʱһŮӾ˱һ׮ĵ²ҵ
˵ⱻŮӦƶĵزԼƷһȥʡ
˵䣬ֻһλŮӱ£Ǹʮˣȴͷ棬֦չ
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ˣ⺬Цҡҡͷôͣǽʲôķһࡣ
ϸϸ˼ѵΪ£ɽйأ
ǰľɽ֮ʱұɻɽΪҪѴȥȡ˼ķ⺬Ľǵȷǲɶõı뿪֮أʲôЧɺ룬ɽиͼı
֮ıʲôʡ
ֻǲ룬Ŀǰ޷ȷ⺬һ㣬Կ϶ǣ˵أȻ֮йء
ǴӺδϢ
һѣ⺬һЦתͷɡ
ʱѾֵλŮӳȴߣɴȴڲסƵɫϡͷ
ŮӡôϤ
ࣿ᰿˰գȻϳ̨ϵŮӡ̲סг
տôһУһʱ˶￴˹
æտڣֻһζ̨ϣ룬ôҲ
⺬ϸ֮ɫôѲɣ㾹
ᣬ᰿ЦֻǴǰ棬˵ǻ֮ҲΪ
˼ҪҪ⺬£ɼ⺬һ֮ɫʵڲǻŮ˵
ʱȻȻһ졣
ͷһתԴ׷ԲԣϰʮϴüΪһƣĳһ˥ϵƤ
ѵҪУ
ϣ䣬Ȼһ
һǴ᰸ڴġ
û뵽ﻹм۸ߵõĹءֻӰһһֻԴƵüõİƣĴָϻһֻİָݽӹߵӡ
µŮӣʱŻͷ棬Уʵ
⺬һۣҹʱ֮ʱ
ŮɢҲβӭ˸߳ʱ֮֡ʱ᰷ãϵıͱø궯֪ӺδһЩ졣
ǼԶϸ΢ţһǳǳ
ڴ˵أ⺬û˵ıǸۣ˷ˡ˵һ˲ʧ١
㡭᰻δüڣ⺬ûӰֱӣûϵһ£еı˳һ̱ȥ
˴Яκ衣Ǳˣ֪Բ
ۿˣᰴ⣬ĸȥ


19
һǰȥһ߷ڻɺֵ֨֨
ˮһĵûԻͲޱȣѲ߼ӣΣרעĽߡãܿ׷ű˴עĽ䡣
תһսǣǰ澹·᰸ǰȥֻӴ˰յıӵ䣬һؿǽһţµضƺ޿ˡ
᰷һЦǽͶһӰʲôܲ˰ɣ
ŸߴӰԽԽֻСצεšץȥŬһ㣬ݺݵһ
Ȼʹʧ
ᰲס
ҿϿ¿ĥƽϾĵذϹɼˣȷʵûӰӡ
ˣ
ᰴǰδ裬Ѱ˼ʲôӶ֮ŵѣε̾һôãջǸˣգֱ۷йǽһơ
û뵽һ֮£᰺Ȼеһ䣬ת֮䣬Ȼصڵء
ʱѾ˾һжǺڹ¡˵ģʲô
оѰһǱѹεı
ᰰѱװУŷӦӦ̤˴˵һصĽ硣֪ΪΣ磬ȴֲָó⣬ƯУ˴˵صĻ
һΪСİңףǽͰͰΧһɶĸζ
ԿһǽҪ취ȥȻǽ⴫һŲһЩ΢ĳ¡¡
Ҫˣ
æҵطⰵ̫Сʵ޴ءۿԽԽ֪Ǻá
һֽ˽磬һӴصȼ漴һˡޡһ̵ֵֻüһʱ
ᰶڰҷϻղĵط
ƳֻˮͰƳ˶ҺͰеȥɢһȳѵζ
ȥֻֻͰУװľȫȻǺɫѪ
Ǹսʮᣬ΢֣Ҳͬһ㣬һֻߡĪЩ졣طй
Щ϶ר֧ʹ
һǣ䲻һ죬һڶͨͨ̽ͷһðһˣҲһװҲ߯ʹո˶ˣ㵹ãƫƫ˴ôʱԼѪȥ棿
ҵѪǰá˽Ƴڵһ٣ͰеҺݺݻһΡԭЪĨһѶͷϵĺϸζЦݣɾúģǲŮѪһͳó
ѪЩͼıʲôᰲ뵽ʱԼڵеѵʹ˴йأ
ɱ˵˵Сĸǽж
ʲô΢ֵӵõģʵεúܡ
Σһҿ㷽ųȥûʱ˰ѽϣһû󴳽
΢ӺٺЦ᣿Ϸأ˻ϸ⿴ţҷĵúܡ
̸գ΢ӺȻһĴȣȻƵĵˣ
ôˣ
ǰСǶˡ΢ӿϧＸǰ˵Ҫġ˵·ӣԺѪòˡ
棿ӵôû˵
ϸѽ˵ʱʱ̺ôȵϢͨء΢ЦЩ⣬ǰգֺŵĵУ˼ʮѪūȥ˵˰ɣ
ҵȻ֪
ڣôһѪūܳȥȴٳûӽŵûϢ˵˺ܶࣿʵҿҲǣǰһף̫캦ÿѪӣģе㲻ȡ
΢һصı飬סؿڡ
˰㡣һӺˮһһ磬˭µõʲô¡ȥ󲻹ǵܴĥ
Ӵϸ磬΢ӵ⻰˵ĿˡѽǸŪúܣһ󷽣һοˡţˣֵùܳȥǼʮһ˵ŵͷţ
මȻģʵʧɢͷ¶ˡ
˶ȻҪ䵽ˡ΢ӿϧҲ֪Ҫʲôÿ·ʱֶ治ܵģ
˵䣬΢Ӳ˸¡
ˣϻˡӵЪϢùˣɲϲٵ
漴һǰһ󣬴򿪰Ƴ˽ȥ
ᰲӳɣûأȥǰۣΪṩ˲Ļᡣ
һ·֮ʱţСġⰵ̻ʱʱµĽݣԽǰߣԽбӰУԼԼˮ
ô˵صף
᰸᫲ƽǽڣȷʵˮŰǰˮԽԽǰƺ𽥿΢Ĺ
ߵΨֱ˲
ԼĪʱֻ֣ǰԶԶ˵ˣȷڵϰɡնƺл
ǰ˵ĽŲѾʧãںڰеȴʱǰȥ
ǰȻڰޱȣˮԽԽ᰺Ȼеͷˮβͣصεͷ֮ϡ
ôⰵУꣿ
̽ǰ˼ȻһЩ̤գæջ΢֮ϸϣŷѾ˰һء
ʱһɽĳڡͷһҷȪкǵˮ¼״һ׵İ̶ˮ
ǰӣͨһˮľͰϣ̶ˮ뻮ȥڸ̨ϱѡеŮӣųһţ̶ˮߵʯϣɵģ˰Ūľż
᰷࣡ȺŮ֮УӰ
ľǰķԶ̶ֻˮ룬һ޴ʵʯ̾һβɫʯΪһ塣
ӵʯǰβ⶯漴һĳ
һ̶ˮ·һ磬ʯΪģԲ״ɢˡ
ǡ
᰿ǰľֻԽš϶мأɰڵĴ߶δ
Ӽ״ٻֻͰеѪʯΧ̶ˮ֮УűϽľ뿪ˡ
βӻԾʯϸӴζ˷ܲѣ·𼴽ҪƷڱߵζ
᰿ľûע⵽£һ񣬵һʯͷʯͷ̶ˮͨһ졣
ˡ
߻δԭķȥ
ϧøΪѸݣһеİ˵Ϣβݺһڣʯ˦һľ޴ԾԽ̶ˮֱڵɽ
ֻüļ㿴޴ͷ­ڣֱֱŷһˮĳХͷ­ʮֳªֲ볤쳤ǳ棬žѰӣض
һ£ȫˮʪʹöȻһ˲
ϧܿ챻ˮֻᷨһϢٶȳ
浹ùôͷƫƫܿƣ
ʹƽٶȣ·ȥȻϢңʹ֮£Ųһһǳ֪Լ׷Ƹ⻬ճͶĦϴ̼Ķܹ࣬еĺͽڶߡ
Ȼ׷ݻԺˡ֪׼ȫһҴ⣬ȻգҪֲ֧סˡ
ųĤĺХٳ˹ʶתͷһſֲķѪĴſֱֳּԴ·Ҫһڽ顣
Ҫͷ᰺ȻãʲôĶ
ӣ᰾룬ⶨĳ룬޷ѡ
¡һͷ­ݺײ˶ϡ
ȴһббȥܿҵĹʶǣֱۣѸ뿪
һ˰ĵķҷϢΧûںڰУóҲ֪Ƿ⺬ˡ


20
⺬Բ̽ȻԶԶһХĵƮָ⣬򶶶ͣ
֪죬ƾջһˮڰǵײײӴ֮ܵ˿һֻƶ׷ᣬۿѾķҡ
⺬һӰɹֱԴȥ
ĶУͷҪһڽᰵԴ븹С
ͷ⺬ȴ򶨵úܣӺڰϢðһѽԼ࣬ǰͳ弸أһ±ƿ˽硣
ˮú¡¡𶯣˶֪ʲô飬ŷĺӬ紦Χ£
һΧεĵˣ⺬ʹȫЩһû뵽һֱţʡµ᰺Ȼ̧ͷ𡭡ǶǷˡ
Цħʲôʱˡ
⸱ģٶʹһȴû˿ڣ⺬²⣬¡
ͷ¶Ϊ⺬ǿջ֡᰿ڼϣѸתһƫƧС·ֱŶȥ
뿪Ψһĳ·ʱĴš
ȻſŵĽ߼˷󻹸һ׷ܿ촥ءŻ£ŵ˨һ
ۿھҪ̧ͷĬȻ䣬ָ˲չһͨưıǽԣһ£һǰȥѸͣǶУɿס˿պϵŷ졣
ôһ϶ðˡ⺬ϱһˣǰٶȴû˿Ż
ſڵĽ߼ԼٴУæȥǱȻ已̥ݺ֮£˿Ҳʼ޷պϡ
亹ֱȴǰĺŮѱǰһЦ
ϾʹϮһۣԼѾ˷ɳʮ׿⣬бһϣڿеȥ
ű׵۾ſڿȥֻŮþˣƿţһŮǰһͣתƾм䲢£
¡һ죬˱׷
ᰱ⺬뿸׳˴ţһϸܱơеԼһ쬵ĸ̨ϣһԼ˫ڿţȻˮıԵ
Ӧ⺬ѾһԾˮСֻһæסڱǣǿˮۡ
ϷʮСˮȴξˮƯ֪ҪˮδȻһס½תͷһֻİˮף⺬һ˫
Ƭ̣˱ˮ档ᰴڴܣԼͷ⺬ʪܵվױ̨ľǰ棬Ȼֻص˷⺬Է
¡ǲ׷˰ɣǿŵﵱеʹױ̨ӡ
⺬һԲֱϣϥ
ǿЦⳡôоϤΪǵһμʱء
ôʱ˵Ц⺬̲סһǰһʱ̣ͰԼڵǱ
ɫ԰ףԳһЦ⺬ϵʱ䣬ʱȡһöι£óˡⷨɫ͸죬һèʯϻľǸ
⺬ʳָָ֮䣬Сһ̽һ£᰸оʹӵһݺӿ֫һ۵÷顣
ȻʱʹתΪһֻհȸУǷԴԴϵڣϵ·Ҳˡ
ʮظоĵϢڻභһʵĵԭռ壬ʱȴһаѽѷ֣ڵзǿӲĹ֮£˰֮⡣ŵзԽԽǿԽԽƵòˣۿҪɾó̡
ȻŷĽ룬ƵʮȻӿȣǣԭзѹźһӾȻŤתܵľ档
᰽üͷ滺
ŷ⺬ת磬ÿһСݽȪǷﶼ̹֡
ʱȥ⺬˷֮ǰ׹ʹѾȫʧһ
̧첲ָֻһǲ̹۾ͷԶȴǰ͸
΢һ̽᰾ȵط֣Լľ羹ȻͻƵļŽ𵤺ڽ
ѵ
Ȼ̧ͷ⺬񣬲ŷĬĬԼһ˼ģ֪Щʲô
Ƭ̺⺬Թҡҡͷ
Ƿ¾ãԼͻƣ
᰾ϲԭǽڵΪȴоѾӽ𵤺ڡ
⺬ͷǱˡЩӣǱڣȻ㲻ãгԿ׻˵ǿǿǿޱȣ뽫ڵ̾ռֲ֮£ÿؽͬȻҲѸٱǿ
Σҽ跨ѹ𣬺ñڴʤ̣ľŻ
ԭˡ¸Ϊˣû뵽ĥãøͻƾ磬ָտɴ
⺬ȴ˵Ϊô׾ѹסˣһνΪѹƼ֣ڣûи㲻Ҫ̫磬»ᷢ
᰸ոʵܵ飬һӰ˰أô˵һǻʧأǿǺãָܿ룬ȻԵܼҲ㳹ͷβĻ¡
㲻̫ģҿΣԼĪٹΣܳȥ𡣡
ŷ̧ͷȥŷֲ֪ΪΣ⺬Ӹղ𣬱һֱơ
ĪЩȣԼʲôô
⺬ָ΢һȴۣǡֻǼղӣȻһλˡ
ŶλͬһҲĥˣʡ
⺬һӣԵá
᰼ЦһƽʱĮϣʱֳѵõ֮ɫһѽ˵Ǹ˵ģͬһ֮Ҽϧˡ
⺬жЩ΢֮⣬įѾˡ
ʲô᰾ȵѵ
⺬սʤȴ˶
ԭˡ֪⣬˵Ƕѣˣһܡ
ڻ䵱У⺬ûзԼᰣϵ𽥱ḧĲ
Ǹȷʵúܡеֿ˺ܽ仯Ϊõģȫ½һ˰ˡ
ֻ֮ˣʲݣǿ𣬷亦
뵽⺬񽫷ŵķУͨ뱦ѹɢޣѧϵ㲻ͬ޷ֱ˹ʱһ֮
μǣһ˹ʱм䲻ֹͣǰһûɣϣҷ𡣡
᰼ԴԼģޱȣ˫ֽ·ллҵĴˡǲһȣ˫ۡ
⺬ȴſУ˼ҹҼǰУʮΣ֪Ǻ
ԼɽڵļţǶ˵ĶԻȫȻ֪
ţ⺬ŮӸͷĹϡ
ð֮ɫû뵽ʦöҲУǡȭͷҵȥǣ
⺬֪ʦöںδ
ᰱס˼Ƭ̣ŵǶԣδĶѨֻԭ·ǰȥ׽˱һӦ֪ˡ
⺬ȴҡͷҹôĶһӹ̲еڱͱ任ºҵ
ǸǺã̲סԼķңĻʦǡ
⺬ż¶һζЦݣ㻹֪ǵط̽ʲô


21
ҹ ҡҷţڵ񻨴ͶһƬӰ
⺬ֻ˵ƻ𣬡ҹˣ ˯ɡ
һתϵ˾ס½ǡ
к£⺬תͷ ɱң ºڣ һ˯
᣿һ ºСӲŻеġǾڵĵӣʮ㲻˯̣ͨ ԼҶӡֻ㣬 լô Ҫ˯ Ȼһôȥ㣿
˳ǰǻȣ߹ţǰɳС·ǰߣ ҵľ⺬һק½˳Ử䡣
һû߳ɣ½ٶȱקס ⺬ͷʲô£
Ǹԭţᰵ˵յ֮ƣ һЩδ  ͬٶ̽һ
ԭʲô£ ֻɫЩЪϢϸϸ˵
⺬˵ţ¸һδ
㡭
⺬תͷֹֻ˪й£»۽ǴЦϣأǣ֡
ЩԳ΢΢ָ°͡
һ磬˸еһɼΪǿҵƤϡֵ˵ۿȥֻڷ⺬ѾװɣһΪҶׯĴ磬
᰾òӴϱҵ죬ļĹ󸾣һΪ·
⺬ȴһĮ֮תˣѰɡ˵սһԵŵһָ
⡭᰽ӹȹȷ⺬ϵޱȣһǹСװ
⺬˫磬ױ̨ǰױóһűԲ¡
᰺ȥȴܹϣ
ǱһһԲεƤᰵϣֱ˿Ϸ졣
ֻģϵĴкǣ࣬Ҳ΢ˡ
žһƣֻе˻һŮһ˫ụ̈񲨹תȴԭģȫͬ
⡭
⺬᰾ȵı飬Ц˵ƤɡôѵΪƤ
Ц˾˵һ޶
˵գ⺬ΪԼϣתͷֻǰҲһ֪ķһЩƤ⻬ɣȴ͸һɳĵķ顣
̤ųϤĵ·˺쳾ҽݡ
ǰӭǸЦеۣ˵Ĵ磬лһǣӭǰ
ڣ⺬˵˵ش޴ֻش֢ЩĵáϴΪСŮصشл˳Щҩȥ
Ůᰲ̧ͷһ۷⺬ֻɫ޲Ӧݡ
⡭۱ʮֵЦݣȴȻͳɫλ֪޴յ˲Ϣأ޷Ӽλˡ
᰺ͷ⺬һۡᰵô޴˸߳ҽ
λ֪侲޴ƽձΪעرӣѸߣƽʱּΪҽݴС£żȻ˷纮ĿغҩϢزձ³ؾ
ɫһƽ磬Щ֪Ӧԡ
⺬ЦЦصһͨǰɡ
۵Ĵ£ҽݴá۽Ƕ쵽һƧСЦλͣԵһȣˡǱ¡
˵˰գĽͷ⺬񣬡˵ⷨӣĿУͷŶ˵װ磬ԴҪװʲôĸŮֲҴ١
⺬΢΢һۣΪҵļƻң֪Ҳ
ʱסͷ漴üմ޵ģǸͷڹꡣҹһ֣ӦѾɵ
ҹ㵱濴޴ǴıϷɵɫʮֹŹ֣ѵ޴
ֻһ鷲ˡ⺬ҽݾӪĲҵʮֹŹ֣һǽʲôҿϣͰɽҪĶƣҶɽ̵˽⣬ʱȻڰУŻһҪ֮ǰƾ֣óѡ
㲻Ҫʦô⺬ʱķӣҵֱ֮صˣ˳ȥ
ǣ˵òᰵǼ޴ѾˣָǺã
䣬ſڵӱ㱻ƿſڵһ￴˱Բߴˡ
ȻһӰ÷Ϥδ£Ѹǰץס˵ֱۣϸࣿ
¥һУᰵŮԭأ㳤ôÿҪĿѽû뵽ȥ˴֮󣬾Ȼá΢΢ͷһζ
᰿Цãֱֲԣֻ˳˵ȥлҲ
ᰴ˻١ż֮ʱЩûϳһرϳ
ϣȻԼϵóǰӰӣƤ𪱥񣬾ͷҲػ̥һһҹ֮һˡҲɵöŴ˺üۡ
󣬵һЦҾ˵ɣǺ쳾ҽݵĴˡ
ǴôΪòģǷܶ˵һ˵⺬ʡ
ԴһᣬֻǵõʱԴһ룬ұʲô֪ˣֻǵ˯ůġұһδӾпԼޱ仯ʱ̣˷ܡ
ᰲ⺬һۣоȻɫ
ԭڱͷŮӶԣ̲ʹȫȻ֪ġҲѹֺ쳾ҽݵô꣬Ȼûһ˽ơ
Ǹˡ˵ţȻſˣе˼ͬʱ̧ͷſڿȥ
ķ̤ţ¶һֻнЬӡתһ̵ֻİָϷɫ͵ȴ޷ݹ⻬üãͰЦŵʱȴԳ·
ԭǸʮĹˡ
һȵӭӣסһֻƣֵô
Ǹȴһɣ˵ǰô񣿡
һƲ죬ȴ̲סǣ֣ҵѣһλȹҵأ
ãɡǸ˰·٣ȴһˣǶλҪ⣬ǺܺõģֻʱЩ˵ţᳯȥһۡ
ҲһЦӯӯؿ˾Ȼ㾲Ƭ̡
ԸΣƽʸγƺ
ȸ˿ڣŵеƹǻ˱á֮ʱ鿴ʮԺ
ᰱһˡǸ˳ͷ΢Цϵöʯɫá
ᰵͷȥԭǷ⺬ҹԼϵͨ뱦⺬ͬˣǫһ
λǣ¶ѯ֮ɫ⺬
ޣѽշ⣬ҵġͷݣԥգôҲ޷ס˵ڡ
Ůס⺬¶һ΢Цǡ
Ҹᰵµ̲סץһѷ⺬Ĵȡ
˽˵С۵ףǷ⺬ɲܲʵʵĹϵ¶һȻɫ
û뵽˵ĹϵȻͬһޡ
᰼ͶζһۣεüҸطȥ


22
ʶģ̲סʡ
⡭
˻δڣ Կѽԭĺѣ ǰ죬һġᵽ˶ǣ ڼ󲡹ʣ Դ˱ϵ⼸ һֱѰҵ䣬 ǰգһ˫ʶǣߣ ҵҡ
ԭˡĵ  ˾ǵҹµˡһ׻ԣ ֪ŷúܡ
ɿģǻϲֱ֮ӽˡ
̹£ɫʮִݣ Цӯӯѽһǵļ¶©ȥˡ
իĸúܺã ҼǵãǺܰЩĵġ˶ȥЩɣ˳Ҳʡ
ϣһֻõȸ ϷЦеһֻ֣ ֱóһֻǮ ݸ Ҫתš
ȵȣֵȡһֻзĺɰ㽫Щȥ·ϿʲôϲľԼ򡣡
תɰ˹ȥȥһĵӰɿشűʧˡ
˶᰹۲ţҷ࿴ȴǰҪֻãʲôĥӡ
ҲǼ°գ
뿪ˣ˽ŵĳóƽϰɣֲʧ׽ص˵λǴģҽҪҴ޴ô
⺬΢΢һЦǡϧòʱ򣬴޴Ȼ򲡱չˡ
˶ֱߵĲ豭һڣЦ޴ҿƽս׳úܣԼ־ͨҽôͻȻء
ѵŲ飿ʡ
˷²豭ɵλҲǸٽˣҿ޴˴γƲ²没ǽдǰˡ
᰿˷⺬һۣȴΪΣ
һЦȴת˻⣬ȱæʡҵҪǣȻλǴģô֪ΪĿٹɵɣ
룬ʦ˵Ŀٹٵܹе˲Ų㣬Ұռһ磬ţԲֻԵɣȴֱ뱾˵
ȴѾЩʲôλҹ˶Ź֮˵Թ˲֮˵ҹͼΣһϧҲվвʱѵĺ֮꣬ۿʱ޶ࡣ˵̾˿
˵֮ˣɳ꣬룬¶Ȥɫ֪Ǽ٣
ᰵеȷʵǿ壬١ͨУɲѰţ壬ͨɹơҪÿɣȴǵʴӱ޿ɣǧ겻ɴɡ
˵ͷԭˡ˵һ£ԭҲѰɳɾ͵ġ
ɽȴһϢʱմ޵Ĵķ֪һЩŵʵ֮£ҹԭʽȴǡ곯һλˣԴĸȤ֮١˲ЦЦһȥͽһʼҵճ̡
ۣ᰾ȵѵ޴գȻֿۣ
ȫȻˣҡͷһֻͣܣǹ˲Ǳ֧֡ʲôҲ첻ɵġ
˵޴ѡһˮأֻռʱһ콵𣬹˽֮ϣμɣֻıͲһͬǰ޴ճƲ¾æ¶ء
⺬˾ı֮һˣ
һЦϵѾ˵һС
ںʱεؾУʡ
ȴδֱӻش𣬽豭һߣϰָŶλͣҵʵ׽ᣬԸΪλڹǰһպλڴ˵ؿһҵҲ棿˵ݸһЦ
֪֮ˣڹǰ¶룬ԭ˴⡣
֪޴ڰгıʲôһ뵹⣬һڴӦ֮á
һ֮еģǵ۵ʮأʱȥӶλ
ڴʱһˣŴСĵģһϣʲôʲôҲҪȥġ
һ˵Щѹֲס¶һ˿Ŀĸɵĵ֮ɫõ
Լʱգᰲŷ֣νĻʼҵۣȻһĵϡ
ΧˮƮʣᰶ˳˵ĴֻĵƵȥ
ˮ̽һʱ⺬΢΢ᰶߣ˴
ᰵͷˣƺڲͣر䶯
ǰͷת°˵롣
ָŲԶ⾫ɵĻǵƣǾǹ˵Ĵֻ
˳ָȥǻȻԶԶȥһڴֻиڡ
Ȼǻ߳һһЩ̴ӡ
ԶԶΪ߳ǸŮŸ⻪һīɫëƤ񣬶˵Ĺˣŵģ̴ӣһӰ졣
ǲǴ޴ۼ⣬һ¾Ϳˡ
һȻڴ˵ˡ
ʱֻ׷׿һлƵשʯɽϵۡǵɽ̽ǣòֺ׳·תţŵԿȫò
ſڣȻһ°ƮƮĵˣϸ£ͳһԳһɵ֮ˡ
Ůǰñӷ£ᰲŷ֣ͷѾס
֪ĿٹĹͣ͸¶һ˷ܣҵġǲǺ󣬺ʣ
ֵĿٹŮΪʮˡ
¶һټֵıΪǰҲҪഺò˼Ҳܿȥ󣬶˸з˵ġ
ʦԵȣȵʽɣλ ⺬ͷȴᰵӰӣޱȣףλ׹أ
֮ʱƹһ·ˣ˵ĵ
һͣ϶һֻë׵СϻѨ޷ִܵı
ҲҪˡ䣬öװźɫĺӴ򿪣һᡣ֨֨˼űʮֹԾǰȥ
Ǳ󾭹һӵѵѱһֻ׷ζ裬˶ӵİؽ磬Ǻó
۽ùŹ֣۴˵طˮΣˮĵ֮䣬Ȼ͸һɽˮ󷨵̬ټϴ˵մ޵Ĵ뱳ضڴҵһЩߡ
һԤУҲǽ˵ŮӣͲڴ˴


23
ǴӾ裬 ûҪܸɡ
ضѲߵĵˣŹκһصĽ䣬ܿһ·ﵽ۵ĺԺ ѵһʮֲ۵ᣬǵ͵ķ䡣
ǰˣ ֻſȥ
Ĳӣ ʵʵز ᰽С
Ȼһ·ûʲô ᰲҴ⣬ϸϸ̽һеĵƺѾǰӭӹͣ 壬 ƺ˰ء
ƿţ ȥϸϡ
гͨ ȥƽûʲô𣬵ᰲȴԼһЩͬѰ
ˮ
ȻСԴӳɹѹ ᰾Ծбţڷȥ ͼҳˮԴ
ĳ跭ȥƺûʲôرĻأһͨӡᰵֱ˵ر
ᰵĿ⣬ 䵽Ǵ֮ϡ
齿ʮָϢ ҵضһЩ ͷϵĳӣ ˿һ۱Զ֮뷨
˹ȥĬٳֱڿУ׼̣͵һ塣
۵һɲ봲ࡣ
һⴲ棬Ȼǿյģ
ɣָӱ齡û뵽Ŵ齵µĵذҲ֮ѣ¶ôһ϶ĲȣᰶȻȥ
ͨһƾʧصĸоܿʧˮУһ˲㱻ˮԶ
ﾹȻһ°
ˮʮխǺһˮ˲ûʪܵģæķˮкЩ
ǺееˮҲֻ֡ΪλۺԺѱǵ۽ʱõĻء
֪죬ղһǺˮƺѪǱסһ˳ˮƯĸľˮ£ˮܽȥ
ԼĪһʱ֣ᰱǰ˹Ȼһʹײʲô
˳ȼ⣬ܣˮһȻʯ֮УʯĪ⡣̣ӦƬķΧ֮ڡ
Ưãʱˮվ÷ϵɣһָˮ棬ˮԶֿмˮλԵ͡ʯ᫲ƽˮϣʱ䵱һֻ׵ķӣǰˮ˶С
ʯкЩֲڣˮķȴһֱı䡣᰸ˮķһ·ؼʯԽԽ
Ŷеˮ᰺Ȼһ͵͵˵ʡ
ȻֻһȷԼǾһŮӵʣɽԼػ졣
ʱϣһжϷλ
ȴҲû𣬷·ֻһþ
ԽǰߣȴԽԽòԾˮеѪζԽԽŨеıҲ궯طȥ
ζӦǴġɣĬĬ䣬汦Ǵٷȥ
ʯȥˮλҲԽԽɵĻմϵˮȻϨˡ
ڰᰲ⣬ǰУȼšڵʯУٶʱһŲҰɫŮȻŴǰ
ֵ᰽гܾС͵һء
ƵǰƮȥʯΡ᰹ǰȥŷ֣Ǹɫ԰׵Ů˻ǻˣֻ˫ֱڶӶˮСˮλһһĿڱʱʱˮУ˹ȥ
ָһлԽԽ࣬ʯˮеʮˣŮģһޡ
ǾһˮΡ
иһЩĪĻ뵣ǡЩ˵ˮݵ÷ͣϸһһɨǵףһҲûзŹ
ʦǲ
ʯʪᰶͷȴ㺹飬ܻͼ尾նЩϵǰõԸһЩĵطȥûȡů
ЩѾѣ֪Ǿˣ׷˫֣εץס½һ˻ɤӣ֪˵Щʲô֮ɫ
᰹˲ϰǣֻûмͷŮӡ
Զӣ¶ãҡͷ˵ûС
ô£ѵǿصϢ
ʱ᰺Ȼеһɺܴͷһһ鸡Ůӣ·֣ϵƤȴȻɿ塣
ذءŮֽֿУץ֣ᰱ˺ܾãŷȻǵһͬڵеѪū֮һ
ʱ߷ź󣬴󲿷˶ߣȴǼŮΪʳУŮӱ֮һ
˺þãűϳŮ˵Щʲô
ԭʱ뿪˶ûˣΪйߣʣµļ˺üӣѪ졣
Ůϵ˿ڣ̵״Ŀ
֮ȴûУǴߣͬʱˣһˮ֮УҲǰѪ֪Ҫʲô
ʱ˵𣬺Ҫǵɲʲô
ųǳ䣬˯ʱ䵹ѻһЩ֪ĳ
֪ȥ˶ãΪû뵽һ۾Ȼ˵ڵεŮŮӾϲ֣˵ʲôҲܷŹĻˡ
ˣо˵ڿУһȻǳԭļ˶ˡ

׼Ƚȫ˳ȥһŮӵϸϸȻ𣬻˶гŵĿ
ӹŤššȥƺڼϵʲô
ߣָŮӺ͸ſ־塣
һ½ӳŮȻԾһϸ£նڿУܿ촫һŨصȳ
ȻߣҲУŮң
Ůϵ߱նϣԽԽ˷ˮиߡȺƣɿزϣսӣƺҪǵ֫նϡ
һһĲҽн
ˣ֪ûжϥĬڿУ˲ֳӰӽҵ⣬ȼһѪɫ棬ӳöмհ
ȻۣȻȺ߳ȥ
һ𣬷׷ɪѣ˱ܡδѣ󲿷־Ѿճ˻ҽʣµļǿˮвˡ
˵ز˾᰽Щ˻͵ϣ뿪
ƽһ˷ȥܻƮ˰ȫбʱҪﶴߵĳڡ
վڽβ֮ǰеŮȴȻѡ
ôˣᰵͷʵ
ҧ̫ȷҡҰ޵Ľл
ţȥɶпյģֻ˾һĴˮ
ģŮӼţ׵һ𣬿ȥӹ죬ĵ֮ǰˮÿˮλǣȻȻһͻȥ
ᰵ½ǣ۾ֱֱؿŮһҪ˵ģûƭ㣡
ѵⶴлʲô޲ɣ˼ţȻоµĽȻһΡ
ϵ˶һ֪ʲôʣмЩȥһ
ұţüۣٶ˫֮ʱ֣ɨӡ
ʯǱԭģĵģû̫仯
ѵ
ͻȻ뵽һֿܣֻǲӦһֻˮ㸲Ĵ׷˸
𣬶һƬڣϵ˶׵ˮУ½һˮ᰼״æ»һһȴˮӿѣȪһð˻ԽԽȻѿˮгһֻĳޡ
һֻªȳޱȣ״ͷ­ȻˮԾ𣬴յǰˮƲصĻ֮
㡪޵֮ˣ
ŭڵһХˮͬ꣬ʪᰵ·
ԭⶴߵǡǡ뵱ˮܾӵˮ̶ֻӳ񣬴˵ȴϳ


24
ʱ ۴֮ĵУֽš󡷡
ƮƮĵǽ²ȳɱǵķλֽ ʱʱڿն𣬽һһУ ˱ǵ۾
ã˵һֺȲʣ ޵ ɼʦбµġ
޿ͳڹף ֶԸλ͵λЦˣ һС ݳҿְˡ
޴ǫˣ Աһ˸ͣ һӱ˾浶ʵǹĿұʹ񲻸
ĿתضĵǣƲ ҿǵĹҲû׹һá
ƳһۣЦ¸ͷ ˡ
˵׹ôûأתһ߿Ϸķ⺬񣬡ȥҲҪʱգ·˰ɣ
⺬һЦ ˲صģ СṴֻ̊˵ תתˡ
ɲҪʱźѽЩģ Ψ谭ڹǰ˲ŵļƻĵʷ⺬񣬡˵׹֣ЩΣ
⺬¶һοЦݣСŮҪʱСŮǰʾһ
ٺòƽֱֳ˲ǰЩ˵Ļô֮£˵ͰѴ޿ͳȥˡ
ᰵ϶ߵһߵأһα
ţѸЩ˴Ӷ˳ȥֻڴ˵ضԸ
ͽߣôŭڿа׳Хһ᰷ŷ˫֧һŻƣΪ׷ڶѨ֮С
ᰵ˵ϵˮ飬Цôֻһô
ϴβһΪʧ£ɲٱŵ
һвɣһն̣ʲôС᰺ϾضȻαǣмӺ֣
ԭͷ­ªʱҲʮַ֣һֻ̻еķʳ棬ֱŻҶ࿴˫ſԻ̶ȥ
βһ㽫ˣβһһɶߵˮɽ
ӦֻϮ̵Ƥã۴С
ףڷϢٶ㿾ԣƬ̼ȼȻص޾
ʿǰ޿ֵعԩ޳ΪŴλҴ£˵ŭߵĺŴ󴭴һһƱˣֶθ
˭ʲôͷĹ˫һҪС
ã᰺Ȼоһգһ˲䣬ǰȻѾ򶴿˳ȥ
ˮɫޱߣΣͼˮСȻ᰺̤ܿˮ׷˹ߴٿȻˮȦһԲεİΧȦˮȼü˻Ȧ֮С
㣡צ·ڣȴӲȦһҪܻƤ֮ࡣ
޼ƿʩ֮£ֻٶ¹˻һںԼߣӵƬƬ̡
֮ϣ󡷻δ꣬۾عۿ
Ȼ䣬һ˺ЩԾֲŤŤȥʮֹ죬ͻȻ
һۼıȷ˶ߣǿʼԱߵС˵
ŸĵʿͬĹףֵıԽԽ࣬𽥽ͷӶ
⺬һж۵ףȴɫֻĬĬһڲ裬¶֮ɫ
ʮЩۻһԵĴ޿ͳ˵Щʲô
޿ͳѿһʿ½֮¶һϸϸ£βһģһģȴʮֳЦŰ̾ݵúء
ôۻ´ѵõĺϷȥ޿ͳæ󣬲˳ţȴ£һҪ濴ø
ͲҲӣҲ档ɡ󡷼ݵβ޿ͳԷ
ţ󷨹Ȼ䣬ͷ¶֮ɫҲæ͡
ˮڸߴ⿴ܿϵľɫ
̾кãԶһˮˣðŰΣƤºХ
ͬڣǶôסĿජź档
ʱȴЦŸ޿ͳ˵ƫͷȥ䲻ãȻûв⶯
޿ͳϹЦȴ⽫龰һ࣬ҧгݣ಻ԡ
Ȼ֪׷ʲô϶ǳ˴ӡ
ãĿǰûʲôʵԵĺҪøʲôӽ֧ߣϺȻ䣬һˮͷ֪Ӻζľβǰڿն𣬺ݺһ˦ͷƤë멽͸ʪ漴ַɿУˮײʱһ졣
̧ͷͷʪܵµˮ˼ؿǰһĻǻδӦ
ǣʲôܾĿڻղһĻ
⡭޿ͳ״ΣֱϽصװһжδ
һԣĿࡣ⺬̧ŲǰļЦ
֮СŮΣӦǹеĵ˲ɡ
ָŸղųβգͰ˵
ں۾пڿн׷Ǿβȥģ׹Ӱ
žβʧķ򣬲ԽԽԶһ·СֱԵһԶ·ĶɴʱȴػָƽղŵľβӰˡ
ѵ׹ˮף
ңңˮ·ڣһ棬޺޵ҪʲôҶ㣡
Ŵ˻ͣ棿
档
һͬǰմ޵С̤ŷڿУǣһɵĲΧʱпս
⡭ðɡήΣڳһļơ
Ʈǰȥ˻棬ʾԼ֮С
һϲ᰷ɵĿյȻˮСȻʿŮڿػԼǣһ׾Ӧް취ˡ
û뵽δǱˮаӺסһãǰҲܡ
Ȼֱקβͣˮ档
ִЦɵϣôô׾;һĹ㰡һսе
һִһֻԼΧס͵һȴԽԽ
ûõģ׷ᰵҵĽʲôҲܲ
˵ձǣųβ۵ķȥ
У޿ͳð亹ǿԹŸղŵһС
˵ô
ڵˮбһ۴޿ͳһԲ
˵Ǽ𡣵֮ʣǴĺͷ޿ͳϼЦݣά档
޴е𣬾Ǵô
δȵһһ𽫽ڿУһףҳһ졣
һʱ˶𾪲ѣŰΣŸǰ۲졣
ҿⲻ𣬡⺬һʱ֡
һڱͶ˷硣ֻǿǶУһʱ
˵޿ͳ첱Ӵ֣Է
Ŷ⺬һƳô޴֪ⶫ
޿ͳ̻ˣŮӿİƳȴˣôֻ֪ǲ²ѡ
ЩأѵҲ𲻳ɣָԱʾĵǡ
Σüʵ
⺬΢΢һЩ˱Ŀ֮£ܿƵСֱԽԽϸһߵģڵвͣߡ
ߣȻôߣʧɫһ
᰼״̷ȥ棬㻯˻ҽ
ۣġʲô٣ԼйĻӡ
ƽŭĿֱֱһԵĴ޿ͳ߼¶ȻӲѴԼ޹
ѣĿָ˵ձ㽫ǰ־


25
ʲôŭ һСС򣬾ҹ飿ҶΣ
޿ͳԭأ Σӵֱӳȥߣ һͣ ⺬һסĺ󾱣 ׳һǳǳЦ
̴̽ ȥȺ䡣
⺬񻺲ߵǰ϶شۡ
öѴС ⺬һ ƤĬĬشȥ
ۡһ ⺬Ӳ 絶ֱֱ·λã˽ȥ̽ȥ ֱͳһöѪĶ
ǣȻ
׹ǣഺ ⺬񲻽֮һߣΪ˲֪ߵغ͡
⡭᰼Ѫ æȡһװˮͭΪϴɾǹͷһ覣 ɢӨĹâ ᰲϸ꣬ Ϊ˸ͷķ
ǱߣϺȻ䣬ԭӴޱξȻ˵ˮһСΪһϸֳߣȷŵֳԭҲ˶١
ԭĿ⺬񳰷һЦҲפˮԳ
һȡΣԱߵıҲȻԼһЩѸٵı仯
֮УǼǰ޿ͳйȥҽݹ˹ģʱԼͬɹˮļһ˲ӹ⻬ÿޱȡ
ôҵҵҪ
᰿ǰıʣ˿˿뵽ϲ֮飬ȻһʱܹطഺûѪӦһҲ޷άˡ
캦Ĺֹͣ
ȻӰһи˳ȥ̧ͷһ֪ŷ֣ոܳȥŮӣ࣡
ءһܵɽһصСںߣſƣˮԼݡ
ƵӪɫϡϡͷϡüëԳƵ۾Ͱ᲻¿촽һŮ
žžણεˮ棬ģųªݡ
࣡ᰵԶԶ
ະ
ãҲȥʮ״ͣ£ʧ£㡭ǧ벻
ҡ౾ʮܣ⻰ȴЩЦáԭ׹ΪҪô
лл㣬׹û벻˺һĨĨᣬǿת׹ǴӢۣôһ㾹ȻܹƷ˵ʵ㡣
ĬĬøˡ
ʵֻҪһ֣ܿҲĸԸˡԴȥҾҲҲûй˵̲סᣬæתȥشޡ
࣬᰿۲ѣǰ˼ò㻹кܶŵ㡣ʧ֮磬֮ɣܣЩδ̹;
㽲Щʲôŵûһʱƶˣһʱ׹볾ζ
ᰲֻǿοˣôϲ㣬ʲôѴģǶ㣡
ЦһЦ˰β𣺡գ㲻ҽ﷢ʲô˵ֻ˯һʲô֪ˡ£ҵȫˡ
ʲô̧ͷ
ǳĬΣ·ʮּѲſڵұҽڲҼ⣬귽Σ׾죬ұһһʵش˵ĸײʣڶûݡʱֻЩǶ࣬ڻףԭǳûרѡŮð
ǴҵһطҲվϸ̨ʼ裬󱻡ѡУȻڵˮ̶֮С
̷еѪ³ѣ켡ǵ̶ˮϣˮӳӰһ֮£̶ˮ֮Уٳʱ㻻ϵģ
ʱ͵˼С˵һֵ˵ĸ׵ľɽ˵չңˡ
ƭҺÿ࣡һΪϲңԵ֡˭֪ԭǵѡңò
ؿ޳ҲҲزȥˡҺ
˵ʲôһԽӺ洫ԭ˼಻ԴҴ׷
ӼתָźٹһҾȥ
᰿׼ĽŲһߣֻһ͸Ͻȡ
Ǻοأ˲ǰ
ûҪ˼˱Ȱûôÿ𣿸뼸ҽĴΪ壬һãòȻˡ
ߵôǮϵ˶ˣǺοأ
໹ͷһضײҲɰθ֣㵨Ӵˣͬ˵ʲôһȥ
תҲǵһνԭģס˼ֱֱ֡Ŀ⣬ЦǲԼ㵹ҪԸ룬˵ǲǺ˵ļٻ
ѵǳˣ˼ãھҵĴҶԲ㡣ô죬Ͼûеһ˿ģҶ˼һȥ֤㿴Σ
֤Ҫٸһ˺ҵĻôʹйģԭ޹أҵǮŻˡ֮ұϼȥҲ
Ǯ£üǰ㲻ҲգҲã֮㲻ĥԼ
ߣҲ˵
һߡ
һ˰ΣȻִ£ѾûͶ˼ǱĬĬ뿪½ɶԼ
ߵɽһߣ˺ǳˮӳԼ
飬Īܹ¡
һˣȻһ죬ȻԼһİ֡
ҲϵǵزѶɹġ
һߵ۵Ĵ֮ϣڵƹɵطڵϣȴѾöҺ͵͵ʴһȱڡ
ŸղŵһţȻû˲
ŷ⺬ļ򣬶ᰵʶ˵ҪԺ쳾ҽݵĲҵɣǵ¼ΪͷһʱȻѲá
һתͷƳУһֱûʲô
̫ûжˡ
⺬΢̧֣ͷƳһɫӰӣŷ֪˳ȥ
ԭеֻóĻѳ˲ߡ
⺬Ʋ¹ɵ׷ȥ
ҲЩУٶȼ죬֮ϸʮ䡣ֱ׷ɽϵһƬУ⺬˦һֻźӰĳǰһףһٽ˵ϡ
£֪ǼΪıڵϲˡ
ܹ·һ׷ʲô⺬˹
⺬ޱ飬ӸͶ֪ͷæ˹Ϊħ壬ضȻЩʿһʶ̧֣һ棡
Ŷ㿴ˣ⺬һЦȴʮֺȻ֪ˣΪĻ𣿡
ˣðһ亹ۿ⺬ٵһ¾ҪϸϸնΣæеǣСĻһҪ
˵⿰üġ
һۣԼûССڵ˿֪ôģ
⺬һۣӣ
Ҳңæ˵ԭϵһͷ˼ʿżȻ֮ĥŽԳĹЧֻҪٺ٣ֻҪӦĲϹӦòഺһǰҴĳڱ͵͵˳ⱦ䵽ҵС
ϻմ޵ĻѪūıȡĻУ֪⺬񵶼ǰһ磬ǲͷ
ӣǴ޿ͳȹңΪЧʮԻ֮ҴӦˣŰװѪӦ˱гһջ˸ԸУΪĲ޵ˣȴ̰ĲθԽԽ󣬻ɥҲܺѽ
ںԣģ⺬ûģ⺮
ŵƨæ۾󺰣ǻб;
ʲô⺬һսµĵ


26
˵ ֻҪ֮˵ɽܳһķ⺬еǣ ɡ
ûѵؿеı ʮϺҲǺĥģ Ѫ֧һʱ ҪԴԴϣ չ鷳úܡֱӽףΪ㣡
ԣ ⺬˫΢У Ǻ׽Щʿ Ϊ
ͷ 
˵⺬еһᣬûʮʿԹô֪
ȻûԹ Թѽֺõ˵ǰ һλʿܣ֪ʲôӣһֻǺ֪ΪΣǷ ų˽ģ
ʿȻı Ѫⵤ һͬͶ¯ һǻָٹ⣡
ĵҿ߲͸һɵСôˮ¥̨ȵ£ֳɵĲϣðײá
㵹ǻ⺬˼һתü;˵֮ԣҲŪ
Ҫ粵⺬ĵѾߴ紦ͱһӣѪӿ
ţˣ˵ˣܷŹҵ𡭡
ãƾҲ䣿⺬ЦһʱûϢ͸͸ġ
ȴ˵ߣصۺɢҲ֪٣з⺬ڣӦ̫ǡȥѰˮоµһˡ
飬û߳ƬˮãϷһ׹⣬Ľ
һֽסˣҲûϢ֪ЩӦѾް뿪
Ƭ̣ߺܿԶ𽥿壬ʿ
ʿһһŮ½һ
æס
лʦ֮һݡ
ȶ̧ͷᰲϡ죬Ȼ򣬶ǲǰűˮоȳġ
ԭǶڵʿɽʦʦɢײ˵أȴұ˿ӣˮ֮С
ƾڣҲһʵĴţ˵뾻Զ˼ҲʱѺõ
һʣ˲еڣ㣬ֱѹƣѡñȣŰѳΪˮˡ
ʦ㣬ЩµˣްԻؼˡҺʦ׷ɽϹ㡣ԳЩŮжһԵʦʷ£֮ʮ׽شƫԶûбڣҲųõİͨѶǲ㡣Һʦܴ뱾˻ϣ֪ʦ㣬ҪҪһͬ뿪
ôԥˣʱȷʵ뿪ֻǡ
ɽƻ֪Եν͵˵أ⺬˵ɽ˵أʱȴʼû¶棬֡ѱڰпţʲôı
ߣ⺬ûл
ҪߣҲܵøһС
⣬ᰱҿ»һЩ봦λлڻ㱨£
ٲһСɽơ
ʷ꣬ɫأһۣû뵽ֵüʱϱţԮǡ
˱֣ص
ҹ䣬ᰶһջĿͷ֮УϥϢ
ڶηͨ뱦Эѹƣ̱лҪ˳Ѿת磬˳𣬶Ϊ̶̼Ҳʹһء
⺬˵һαȫѹơٶȥӦ˳ͻƽ𵤺ڡ
ᰵϢϣƽ˰ղŻۡ
ҡҷӰڵߣһŮӣƱߡ
֪ʱĺܺ棬¶һȤɫ㾿ôÿζܾ׼ҵҵģ
ûȵشֻЦһһ
ѧõ졣⺬ûգѹ𡣿ɼûңҲ˳ɹһء
γԣЦЦСܹסĹ
⺬һ̣˷Ѿڵı֮Чء
Ŷ̧ͷ˵ǡ
⺬Աաѵ֮£
ôҲʼ߶߶ˣεЦҡҡͷԣѲǷо˵ǣҡ㣿˵ʲôִ֮ˣҪô
С
û뵽⺬һ϶Ĵ𰸡һأҲ˵Ц֮⣬̽ʵ
ǡĸף
⺬ҡͷҵĸѾ˺ܾãٻ˼Ҳˡ
ǡ
⺬¾Ʊָȥ˻䴽ǵһΡ
ҵޡ
ҡҷӳǽ϶˻ζӰһʱʮְ
֣βŻع
ԭ⺬
ѳɹˡ
в֪Ǻζ͵һֻӣԭΪζ糣оȴɬ
зֵζȴ⺬ּЩ꣬룬ûķӣУ˵ʲôҲҪ
⻰ʮּ͸һ˿ʹ֮⡣ᰲǼżɣһʹʧ£⺬ض
ֶ֮һ㡣
⺬շ𵭵죬Ҫٱȴһס
ˡ
⺬΢΢תͷڵСǵ죬ľơ
ӳ֮£ᰵĿǰ峺ĿˮӯӯͶķëţͶһƬǳǳ״Ӱ
⺬֪ԼôģͷδתѾ°һȥ
ûϵ⺬Ȼһ£ûƺþȻ°Щۡ
ûüʹһϮƬĴѾ
ᰲ۾ֻ˼顣һȴǳУǾѹĴꡣһһ֮䣬컵ĸоеĿһ˿ʣ
·ܵһ⺬һְĺԣνӡ
ƲɶУֻͷԣ֫һ̲ˮѣ˺׹һůС
ԭ촽ζ
ھˮ͸ӣմȥʱƤ棬ȴʮֱ֭Ƣ֮Уһ˿Ĵľ㡣
յֱ£ռȫķ
һ𣬽˴˵¶ȴݸԷֻŴ̽Ѱڽ۵һ
ᰱѹܣ͵͵غһСû뵽Էͷǵø
Σ˲ŷֿվ񱻻¯ѬһĿһƵģȵˡ
񡣡ᰴۣһܵ⣬̧ͷǡ
ٳûлᰲ̧ͷ⺬һգգضơ
Ŀӯӯһ̶ˮ⺬ηѣ糣һЦ
ſס˫δָֿ޵
⺬ذ˻ȥ
Ǹʲôᰲ˲ߵͷٶȵͷһƲҡ㡭
¶Ⱥ֪Щȵ
ֻ⺬òƳһ侲ҡȳȥһˣ˯ɡ
㡭ʶҪ˵ʱԼδЪ£ȴˡ
⺬תһӯƮϡһȻ룬¹֮£ֱͦ縺һ˪ѩ


27
ϰϰ ǳǶҹĻ֮С⺬ȽǷ֮£һָα˱ۡ
ղųź ӭһͷ˲ࡣ𷽲ŵľٶ ⺬񲻽Թҡͷͷһκȶ࣬ û뵽ԼȻô嶯 ϳǸˡ
ĺܲ
⺬΢ڣ תһ룬ĸԣ ҲǲԽʹ
ֻϧԷݣ Ϊʹ޵޵֮ˡ
 ޵֮ˣ ⺬ϵˣʹգ
㾲ãԾǷ˵
ȻЩ춯 ڰĸֳһӰ
Ӱ񣬡ħкηԸ
ڷеã ֱбҲڴշת˯ţ ȥѰҡ
ҹ룬 ԹһյƵĵƣ ӳһϤӰ 
ϳǷ⺬ԭڰղ΢΢ҵ˹鴦ܰ޷磬żȻһǰȥ⺬Ҷڵĺڰӣڵʲô˵
֮⣬⺬Ȼʶôôˣ̸죿
ŲҪţʵں棬ǰȥкȻ˵ȴȻͣ⺬˿Ƶģͷ΢΢ߣڰŲһ㣬㿴ˡ
ղ֮һˣֻһԵҶ΢΢ζ
֣ղŷ⺬
޷УȻ˴ļͷ
ȻеϵĴУ羪֮Ѿ˹Ļ档
ͷˣ˭һŻϨ
ղšֿ˿ղڵĵطֿ۷⺬
ôˣ⺬Уôˣ㻹˯ʲô
ĵ⻰ǣͷҹ¶أġղţڸ˭˵أ
⺬ȴҡҡͷбڣͷβֻء
Ϊ֮бȴǰΪ᰷һЩͬѰϢԿ϶ղﲻֻ⺬һˡ
ΪҪأ
ؿͷ߳е⺬ԭزת㲻ȥ
ʵ⺬ռţ˵ǳһССʣգ֪ôء
㡭Ҫߣղŵǵɻܿ챻µסǰ˵ԼĽҪһʦãɽ̣Ӧҵģ
˼һţ⺬οģһ㡣֪ģҵġ
ĬȻҹɫĿԶȥ⺬ӦʲôԶش͵󷨣ܿ죬Ӱȫʧˡ
ðɡ᰽ǻĻʻضС
ңҵõԼġ
ڴϣָһƬڰ
ĬĬ⺬֮磬ɽˮȥ硣оֹ͸¶һ֮⡣
Ȼֹ֮ƶԼⲻͬᣬĿ繡ӭǵĿˣȴƾһֶ԰֮˶صһֲ
֮Ŀƽȴ͸һˡ
ٶ룬ֻΪûʧĴ
з⺬ޣƺһʮصˣ⺬̸֮УԶΪл
ȵ˾ƣҲΪô
ٽ˯֮ʱš
֮䣬һΡ
һҹɹѹ󣬶ʱо彡ˬƿţѾãŽءдһɷҷζһ
һɽϪʣŽµݣϪˮСв֪δƮһӴȻˮһ˰Ȼ
ŲֵͣϪȵ·һԵļ֮ǿٻ
ԽǴȥԽˣ᰸ŵȥоȻ𽥲һƽδģħĳ֮С̤ŵɣظ
Щɽ޵ӣÿճ޵ڿε̬Ȥ˼ʮ꣬Ȼδ˵Ŀ⣬ǰװ˷ֻ뽫ȫȻ׵ԺһУԶͣڵһ̡
Ҹ֮У᰺ȻеЩ
һڸط̵̣Ժӡ
ҸеĶƻһЩССķ֮⣬һԼץȥû뵽ץһӲӲƣһȻһö͸塣
ȻεľɫȫˡٴͷǽֽһȥҿīҹɫĻ¸౳ĺѻϮһűµ
ԭǱޱ泩ĸоʹת
һϢ֮䣬ĹãȻޱߵĺڰ价֮У㲻Լѡ
ûʶԼʲôдһɱѰʹУ޷վһѾʿʣĵͻľǣ꣬Ҫķѣ
ԴʶԼ˿ѵġѾ˯£ȴ֪ΪΣлȻ
ѣеĵڿյأԻ졣
ʵʮֹ죬ȫȻǰټȴᰵ죬þ⣬ôںĶ䡣
ɽ̡
᰺Ŷ䣬˫ϥأʹһź
ɱ㣡˫Ŀͨ죬žʹٽ
˶أȴٳٲȴŵɣػվ
ô£žʹƴֿĲٿءȻȴƹ֮͸Ķ䣬ÿһ϶ǣľżһزÿؽڡ
ô죬Ǻã
ᰲܿأ֫ȴ˵һȫĻ֪ΪҪȥ
ҹ¶أ߹Ƶǰ涸ȻȻһƬͺͺ¡
ͣ£ͣ£ƴԼ뾡취ʹԣȻô
ǻһΪˣȫȻŵĽǰߡ
ǰҪ̤ˡ
ᰲɳһ亹ȻΪ壬޷ͷһأѱˤ÷ǡ
ᰵĽѾ˳ȥǰƣҧԼ֫ӻǰеٶȡ
ǰһ
ʱȻֹ
һʧصĸоᰵӾǶߵķݣֱֱ¡
ҹ֮УͻȻһƿ֮죬һǿ⻮ƺҹһֱȥ
׹һȻ;ֹͣһ֧ͱ·˶±֮ϡ
ʦ㣡
¶ϴһŻĺ
һ𡪡ɺ


28
ǰ ڡ
峿ϿպȻ֮Զص֮Сͥиɨĵӷ׷̧ͷ ϿȥֻĶƷֱӶϱ ֱŴƮȥ
ÿһʮ壬 λϲžһ𿪻ᣬ Ŵ£ ղǳһʮ壬 ôһǰأ
ųЩżĴ£ žλһͬϯ
йĸλ ʻηֲڶϱĽǣ տڱϯ
һŽ˿Ƶɴ£ȥƮƮɣһż㣬עУ żϵּչڿУݡտӣּݱƽƽɵ쳽 ظλǰ
˵ڴʱղ㳤λ϶ʮϺ쳽ڴڣ λдԵһĺڡ
ŵţ λɶˣտڴл죬 ЩԶζ
쳽һۣ ءߡһֻЩ͵Щû뵽ξҰģͼ͵ķ磬Ҫ׼ʿ׳塣ǳ룡
׳ϵóǱ䣬̽ϢͨľݵҲǸϢԣôʿڼɽͽѶʧһ£Ҳͽ͵ͨˡ
βôһٴ壿쳽ҧԭֻڶ࣬ڲ䣬ƶˡӭУҺкѣ
쳽ǣҵ⡣տΪȻͷֻǰҵ뷨ԭΪŽŴ񣬸ڶеȲż棬ֻɵӶԿ壬һ赲ǹȻãʱУʲôΣգٽסɡ
Զǧ֮⣬Ѳ⣬ظ̲סЩʮޣвߣŪƣҴбȻǹ֣ܹ£
ظϲ̫ģͽǱ͸иԵĵкͻԵΪ̫áտҡеȣƵοŴÿزóаɹӷֵĹءܴıǻʵµĺû᣿ҲܹλڼպΪնħʡ
ԴǰǳսһԪڣʣĴȻࡣտ΢΢̾ɽٱҪʱ䣬ԸЩƲӵƣʮעһ˲ŵǡ
쳽ϽӻڵӾһ£ڱǰ棬Ƕ֮ϲ
λ˵׳̫ᣬȻڷܣһûо̫޳ȻգȴҲһѵõĻᣬõĻʲôԵδֻǾȳͬڣһ㲻̫ѡ
ˡտ佫žһգӽǱй۲϶Ӧ䡣˼䣬αصøһǴӴƵ˼

ɫ΢¶ϣӰ
ɺ˫£һĬȶģ˫΢΢ѿһ϶зɳһֻ͸İɫųɿԶȥʧ֮С
ɺ΢Цѽ˴ԭԭ壬ǧǺܿյϢ
Ҳãʦ㲻ΪˡϥڵϣʹϢղмһǿվתԱŵһλİŮӣŶлλȡ
ʦòؿŮһΪسһЦҪһѣվȺֵջȥ˵лǣʦʦܶˣء
᰷ǰµĶʷ¶ˣǰŮӱͬڣѾˡ
ɺһԵλӦ£˪ʦ㡣
˪΢΢ͷ
λʦļΪüޣֻһ㾼һֶۣһѷĳٲȻһͽɡ
ʦӦˣҲжţտǰڰݷ֮ʱһͬǰȥֻײβǴγԵ˵Ӧǲţٳƾ֮λ֮ǳչزˣͽҲǼΪޡ˵˪ѡеĹŵӡ
˪ǹޣᣬΪѾͻԪӤǰڡܵأЩ£˪鼱֮һ±֮ϣǿס
᰾ȵԭʦ㣬ʦӦ˿ɺãòݷˡ
ʦüǹңʦһаá˪ʦǷǵأŵ£
ôҲǵղŵľʱ̣ļ£ͷʹôһ޷Լ壿
˪ɺһۣɺҡͷƵȻúûʹܿصĸоôһ˵ԭǵôаŰĻꣿ
ᰰѰ˼ýҹĵδ̫Ρ
ǰʱ򣬲δеֻһЧ
ǵĺȻ
ϵѱƣҹ纮˪̽⿪£еϣοˣмɴ硣ʦñⵥ£ȵ˳УΪʦһµġ
һߵɺʵڿȥЦʦమǿҪס˪ĲӣȥѾޱλʦӢ䲻Ƕ˳ȳڵѣǡ
£ͷһʹ
û뵽һֱΪɽδת
ͷβǰɽ̲ΪӪռȦղʿľȻǸ⡣
ܶΣ׹ǣһ׽ʿ׼ʱ塣
ͷ⺬Ѿ˼ܴ˵رı˪ȣ·ǣ֮Ǳ䵽ɽС
˵һʼ˵أɽ̵ȦסΪʿ׼Ϊ׵ƷΪʤ߽Ǵߣȫɽ̵ĳıС
һ벶ȸںļı
ᰲһ亹ãδȫܿرȣڷ⺬Уûнɽ̵óѡ
νʲôͷ
磬Ϲʱޣԭ졣˪ϼأޱȣһһϢҹ棬ɵǧΪһΪʿɱӴû䡣ഫ󣬻ɢأһϢд棬ɽ̽Ըͷ
ԭɽڱ󣬴һ̡
һȭϣɽ̡ǱץҪ
Ƥѩޣɺֱڿ죬˵˳
λõģ˪̩Ȼƺأնʿʧһ£ע⣬ԮѾ·ϣǱȴͷ󣬻Ѳ
áɺŵâһЦǬóһöһ·ȥ
ᰶһԭһö˿УǴǰ½ϴŵö
̽̿ǺõúܣڣҲˡ
ע룬̻ת߿ʯųâɱǵ״ױɿתѰҵҰᵽζŬطֱ淽
ȵױȫֹ֮ʱ˾۾ȥֻȵָϵĳ
ֹͣת˿ƮƮ䵽ģһܹʱָļ׷
²˳٣Ƿͷж


29
ֻԼ˯˺һ ֮УʶٶȻعʱǱһִıѵġ
˫۴뵽ܹ ǰһɫĿռ䣬ֲ
΢˶ ֫Ե оһǿС
ͷһ ԼɫֳִӲţ ԽԽơ
ĴУɫϺͱ

תͷһ ÷һС
һϸķֲѪͷ ͷ ٬ػȥŰɭɭļðŨҺ һ͵εĲˡ
ǽؿһŮ˻
̵׺ƵĴӣŮβϣʱʱػ ơ
ܷǸҽޣΪߣƽȡߵ飬 ǽͬʦġ
˯ȥ֮ǰԼںһָ·ô͡
ѵţ Ů
ûȷ¼˼еĹ ŮĲһڣ һʪۡ
ഫһɼΪȳ̵ζ ²˸
СۡŮһڣҰζѪغǺúȣأ
Ůϸ壬ɫβͼϣشŲͬĲλ
ȲУ̫ʵѪҺѭѡ˵ִҡͷ̫֬࣬ҲǺϲء
ѻŻµͷͷԷת˼ĶԲߡ
͡
δŮβͼϷµǣһԲԶһͶּΪЦ
Ůظоаĳζӿһ˿⣬תЦʲô
ЦԱһһϵˣЦȻѪȴƷúõҲ̣ˡ
оϤúܣ̲סͣȴʲôû˵ڡ
Ů׺ݵһ̲סζǱ̽ȥβڷϵҲиһ㡣ֲѵҸѪ
ûȹѪȻ˵ֻһλ˵Ѫʣ¸ɰͰ͵Ĳ⣬ǵǳ˵Ż飬ڱ
Ůص˵۾һת˵Ҳ޵вֳѪһͬ׽µζ
ԸֳԼģֺʵʲô˵ⷬû˵˵
˵ֲ֣ұҲ಻Щ˼ˣҼǵֻ˵ͬвͬĳԷ۵С֮޵֮壬㣬ֻǺѪҲްٶˣá
Ů䣬ô
ȴĬˡ
Ůִչȥһ㣬βԷµɣιǱߵˣ˵ѽ
ôø԰ζϣˮݸҹζ١˵˵ţ˰յңԼˣ˵Щʲô
Ůתת飬ǲǰԼײĶſڵġм׽ɼǸ޵֮ˣ׼ģҪײҪ
±Ц㵹ù˵úܺãҿô˵ͺͷһܺóԣҾҪ˵ķӣһ㡣
ѽУ˼ˣ㲻ܳңȳ
Ůȴ湴ʳϸֵߣ֫βŵ棬ﻬȥһĺۼ
յ˽ǰǰ׽ôҲˣ͵͵һҺΣ
ʵѵָʹ׽
ҿͷҲ޷ذͷǵ³ǱҳˣǱɽͶǼ¯Ǹ类ҳԵأ
̧ͷĿ⾼صһ˿ǳǳЦ⣬ң
Ů˾Ȼвüë㡭
ŭ𣬺ǰһ̣ͷȥԼؿѾһڵķ
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һԣ̲סһ֮⣬ʦ㣡
᰽ڻͷοûˣûˡ
½ͷ̧һţҺʦ͵
Ҷ֪ˣüѼط
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ΪڶеԵʣ֫ȻЩᰲѨߡȴûע⵽İɫӨһ
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˻᰺һʹ⿴ɫӰһͷһ϶СѪɺתڣǴܿ߸ȻѾ߶
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ʦ㣡û뵽ԭлص߱ˣæصѨ߶ӡ
ֻ̧һ²һ亹ֻǲĶϣߡһ𣬰ͷźͨͨӣȳҺڵأϵĲҶʴһ̲ˮ
»ĺëȥϱҲ˻˻Ųһ٣ͣԭء
ǿٳǰһӡ
ڵȺ߱ɨԲܿһ˲ܿ޿֣쳤ͷ­
ǿֵһͷ϶Ǻ飬ʦ㣬ȥС
һ߼веļ󣬽Ⱥ֯ɵҫӣ߿ڴţֱᰵԴ
ᰵ̧ѾϮۿҪҧѪ
ȻͷϴһӥͷЩɪƬ֮䣬һֻӥݵضͷ֪˫צգɿ˫צ߱ڵϣˤѪģ
ӥָ弸أץˤ߶ˣ׷ߡ
Ŷչ⣬ͷ߳˶ڡ
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᰸еЩ̧ͷԽԽСӰӿȥ
Ǻӥһ֪ͨࡣ˵裬ֺ̫¡
ΪҪǣղŴյýЩʱеӥϴһرϤϢ
Ѳɡô


30
¼ӥ⣬ ӥԣôɣ רǵһ
ᰵ˿ȻͣѾѪ Ϊú һͬ һΡɽ֮ϣ ǺͬԼһͬϵĵط
ɽС·ϣ˪켸ˣ ɺļͬһǰ᰼ĶʷҲУ ׷׳ͷ΢Ц
ɺ뷽ò ǰӭ һػʺ
˪ȣɽƮƮһʿ֮пΪݳеǰһ ʦãʦã˰ɣ
µǵ û£ֻǴʦҧˡ
ˣ˪üͷ˴ɽ·գûеطҽΡʦܷƬ̣˳У Ϊô
޷ ᰻Ӧ ͨҽ ѾΪҰѾˡ
ãίʦöƬ̡˪תָǰΨһɽ·ɽ룬վ֮أɽΨһܹͨͨ˵ؼΪҪ޷ֻһȥ˵ձ˵ɽ
ɽྡɽʯľΪУȥһƬƺã￴ɽɾ
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ƮȻӰǰֻɨһۣԶС
ԲһãԻ䱧أĮ׵ϡϡͣⷽС뼴ɡ
ּ䣬ʮּªСŴмֻֿһͨ
˼״̲סۡ
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Ȼ˶¾ȳͬʮֽȣ˶ʱ
ʮСһһȥȻǽ֮ϴļű㴫ŮЦ
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Ů̬欵ߵǰһŨ˷ε˪°ʹ˫Ŀ˿ôȻšĿˣҹɲʧ
˵˫һģټĳźȻſһƬﳾĹ켣
ŮӵҲ໰ֻ̧ƣЦʮĿ
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ᰱһ𣬿֮䣬Ȼ׽һԵʲô
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᰾ʹ˴ԭأԹԲˡ
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ƫͷҲһݣЦһҧʮ¾ϻȻ١
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Ļ鳲ͯңһױȵİĸС
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˴ʦ㣿ɽǰںء
˷׷תͷȥȴӰ
һ̲סѲɣʦûиһ


31
⺬ɿ˫ۣ ͷãɫϸЦ⡣
᰻ܣԼһֵϣ ܷ֯ ȴϤĲֺģ
ôԼȻɽ
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ᰶݽܹ󣬷¾ȵԭѽǴľ壬 㣬 ȻʦΣˡ
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32
ɽׯ֮ һʮԣȻȴʼսպţû˿򿪻߱Ƶļ
ᰶǵ¼κ ŹȻ˵뾡ְ취Ҳûգ ʯͷң ˮ壬 žǻȻһ㣬 һ˿϶
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£ôˣæʵ
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˶ǰһ飬ȴƾʧһû˿ټ
˽ԳĬ˪һ㣬ѦȻͼڻͷΧûпܣҹȻҵƽ󷨵ķ󡭡Խ˵Խ͡
˪һһְŶͷϡ
ɺһȭǽϣſеǾͳ͵͵ڱŪЩƣʲôӢۺú
ܾģûκӦ
ܹ֪ǻšΣ᰿ڵ
˪ֱӣʦú˶ԣ
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еĨȥ۽һᣬĻҲǻʱ䣡
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ǿµȲʦˡᰴüͷ塣
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33
᰻أ һʱѻȸ
ôܣʷ̲סԷûʦ㣬ô
ʦ˵ò ºȻᰵ˼˸ ҩ֮У ϹżҩƿĪǡ
ҹ Ҹǰҩȡҩ ҩеҩƿʹãԶһҳɵȴɢҩƿ ƿྻ޳ᰵ ʦѾ ҩȡҩ˵ͬ飬 ȴ˵˵Ϯ
˱˵ͨˣʷ׹ŵ/ʦѴţȴٳٵȲˣ ԭ˵أֻǻûȵǣѾ˵˵Ķ֣
һԼȳ ˽Ծ˼⡣
⡭˪üԸʦʦȥҩٶȲ̽
ã˱ر˵ ʦ㣬 ҩҵһ¡˵ձݹ
Χǰ ˪̯һСľӣ ⣬ɫġ׭дš޿֡
⡭ⲻ㾳רô˾г
㾳Ǳţ¹Ͻÿ˳붼ҪϸЯдԼľơ
ǴǰģľƣӦǻʦʧ֮ǰҩġ֪ǲǹ£ṩһ
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˵꣬ٳûӦĻѦȻ̧ͷһֲ֪˶ֳٴе飬ĿͶ
ǣǱѽСֵҲֻǲ²ѣ²ѣ
ã˵͵ͳ֪լӵУܽ޴ӲǴ˵Ĺɲ⡣
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ʦ㣬˼ǡһŵģǸҲ֮У˵գ΢΢ҡͷԣ֮УҲûйǿˡ
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ɺ̣һЩ΢ĲֹǳֱԿһʱ˸ҳԷ
ˣ̲ס׷׻ҹΡ
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״ʦãʦܲûԩѵ˼ֻ⣬ÿ˶ҪԼ֪һһʮ˵ĺá˵ܽŪˡ
ŮͷЩ룬Ȼ㿴ǱȻҲͬһʱţ֤Լ֮أ
ΪԼ粵ңû˺Լʦõĵѽ
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˵÷˭ɵó¡ʦûͬȥɣ
˵Ѻʦͬһһһ˱ضҲᾪѡԷʲôʲô֪أ

ŵµԽԽ죬ڿڡһʱ
磬ȷʵѣšݺǵˡ
˪Ŷʦú˶ԣȻλ޵֮˲٣ɾʿҲ˵׼һҡͱ򡣱ϾǰҲûй
˪ԣ⡣ᰲδ̫࣬˼ΪҪһ֦÷ȥġ
һڣ᰷嶯⡣˵ĹϵǴڻһ㣬ôҲϴˡ
⺬񱾲мȺʿǰףȴһۡ
ѵҲǱ˲ɣɫһ˿ŷ̵Ц⣬͸ɫ


34
Ϊͽ ֱȻᰵͶС˲ ȴ²˵Ĺϵ
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ˣ˪͵ Ȼλ֤ˣô±һ䡣֮Ǿҳƽ֮ ⣬ֳɼӣɽׯѲߣŲǷкӵ֮ Էӡ
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35
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36
ŴϢ ᰵһβɻһΡ
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37
˪ͷӭȥ ŭĿɵģ
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᰼Ůﶾ ǰδ һʼЩɻֱһС֪ ȥ
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ͷ⺬һͬǵ֮⡣


38
ԭɽׯ Ѿڡ
类һɣɽׯѪⱻմʣĹǼһرأ 漴ȫʧ
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˵ԻҹҪɹٲؼԵĲ롣
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㷢һ˿ȣҹڡ


39
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⺬ȻսĬΣƬ̺ŷɣȴһ˿Ц̾վû㡣
һŬƽȣȴȻһ˿ԣҵĲ²⣬ģ
һʼ֪ǻ̤壬Ϊ׼ȼϣȴɴ·
һֱҪĲ谭ɽ̸ǡǡ෴һֱٳʽ
ʮʿѪΪۡ


40
˻һ ֮ĳĬ
ѩƮڼͷϣ᰷Ų䣬 ȴûë׶͸⡣
⺬ڶ졣
һʼ Ҿ֪ɽׯһ塣ƿ¬ɽؿ Ϊ˱⳹֮СϾ ǻþԣ н޳
Ǻǣ֮ʱ ΢΢Ц˳ һ Ŭ󷨵ӣ ͦɰġ
᰿ǰˣͷһİĸоֵĸоڴʱõӡ֤
䵱 ԭǸӵУĶ
ɽׯ֮Уҹ÷Ϯ ˯㣬ʵڲĴšҹϹƳ棬û뵽ȴɺ֣ǺͬڵԪס
ߣ ֪ǵȰ˵ļǷһ̣  ÷ƲԪס֪ سɴ󷨣ɽׯ֮ƾաʧģֻ÷ƿƵԼ
ֲܣ̲סϣǽȥֻ֪۱ضǰ㽫Ҳڹ
⺬߽һһ˿΢΢İ֮⣬Ȼ֪ǹƿҲڻþбȫ㣬͸ףҶ޼Ӻ֮ġ
Һ޼Ӻ֮ġ᰺䷺ɬҵͬأ
㱣ȫңȴҪǵȥȫļƻҹһĻᡭ
ȵþ֮ʱֻüΪʬ
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˵ѾޱӲ
⺬һҵˣǲʵ⡣ǣɱˣǻþ֮Уôҵģ
΢΢ͷ¶ɺý⻮˿ڣһۣδȫϡ
ᰲ̵ʹǵ㣬Ϊһˣʮ޹
㾹ΪһСǺǣ⺬һ˵ʵڵģʮ֮˵һˣƽҹأҸס
Ⱥ֮ˣ鶼ͦңʲôɣʲôң֪ʦö⺬񻰷һתǰһ㲻ңѵҲͬôǸΪȻ¡
£ʲô֤ѼˣȫԱ֮ǵ治£ֺαһֱң
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ǲǵãڻþ֮Уͬ˵ʲô
˵˵ʲô㶼ţġأ⺬˫Ŀض⻰
ңͬڣ㾿ѡ˭
˰գǵ΢Щߵ֡
ǰһֱŲٸʽ֡䣬ƫͷ
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ѽѽһֻ͵ھģͷܴβ͡
⺬غһԵС絶ʱ졣
ƽϢƬ̣⺬оԼ侲һ㿪ڰ
ʲôú˵Уôʲô
˵ǰȷʵ㣬ܲẦ㡣Ҳ˵ֻҪƽͬڶþȡ
ұ֤ǾԲ¡
ԴϿңɻеȴһԲûаֶ
⺬ΪڶοôУ֪˺֡ɽׯ֮ʱ
δ䣬⺬ȻееЩԾ
͵ƿ멣ﻹᰵټֻһ˫öӺںƤգֻĴ۾һаģ¶ض
㡪⺬һʱŭжһ˵
ɫһ˲仯Ϊԭδӽűˡ

ȻǳŸղԼע⣬ǰȥѪ¯֮УͼӪЩʿ
治𣡣
ʽڼǺá
ѩƮëһƬããֻƵһ죬ĺںƤ멱ضڵأ漴زȹʱ㾲һѩ֮С

һѩ˳ɽƣסƮȻ¡˰Σ˫䵽ȵףڰɽʯߡƵǰ棬ҹŮƺһɽ
΢÷񣬼شǰɹ
ţԾһŮ˶ţȥ
ӳɽʯ֮󣬵Ůӿ֮ʱʱʹ䡣Ϊߣһб֣㶵ԭأ֪ʲô
Բסˡ룬Ϣϵɽʯ档
һղͬع飬Ҳ˹ᰱʼʩû뵽һŮΪȴߵЩڴˣӦ죬ַڴϣ׼һڡ
ˣţ˼ҹŮڶ࣬һὫҲ
ʩ˵ϣӲ߬סĲס͡
Ů״ڵϣӦû뵽̿˸߳漴Ϣڵأᰲ
ΣһʱӦֲ˴˵ص
ǰ֮һʮβ۵ɽɽбб£ɼˣխ
Ѫ¯¯ɽԶȻ¯޴ޱȣֻ϶б¶棬󲿷¯ڹȵ֮УӦҪӴ˶·ɽ롣
ᰲóȻûг̣̽ھš̵ֻĶ΢΢ת漴ȻתȦָͣǰ
̵ָ붴ѨĬȥ
ⶴмΪխУֲڶ࣬飬ϵĳѨһ㡣ָ̽룬ԼҪڴ·ġ
żԼĪʱеԼѾصס
һ⺬˵ǣ𣬾ζʽʼʱ򣬿ͬڣʮʿɥѪ¯У޻֮ζֻܵ
⼫Ϊؼʱ̣ʱ޲ٿЩٿЩ
Ҳ֪Խ¶ԽߣżðڶѨãǰر󣬽һЩ顣ѨԽԽԽԽڣһµʮ˰Ĵ
ǰ̵ķӦҲԽԽǿң֪ԼɺԽԽˡ
ֻܺúóסǰȥȡ
ǰ˼ֻ֪δһ·ǴӼԶһʼϸ΢ţܿ¡¡˶ߣᰰӷ顣
¡¡ֱ֪Ǹʽʼǰס
·þƽɿǰȥ
Ȼ䣬һеԼײʲôŶͷԲഫһԵʹСֱӷڵϡ
ǰƺ·
ԴнޱȣվǰȥδվȣǰȴȻһɫ£Ѹʧˡ
ⶴдˣۻ˲ɣ
۾ǰһƬ
ǰ֮ʱֲ׽һ˲İɫ
ǹŹ֡չֽڽ֮ϡҿȥ䲻ǰһ
ᰶȥֻһöķӨůԲӣظǰ
жѰСĹʿʮһ㣬ӳΧҰ
ʲô죬ǶѨʲôĻءȴȻƮƮתһȦ֮ͣǰ
᰺ȻһͷӺϸش
ֲգļϣֻůĪһϤĸо
ʮ޺Щˣ
ҪȻӲв׼ǰС
˭֪ȴϷŹȻȥƵƵǰ棬赲ߡ
߿ᰲͷһѽӻӿƮԶƬ̣ȵشһֻճ˵С
ĺľɴһѽץУ·档
û뵽ǰȻһʧصĸоӽ´ת֮У᰸еԼ屻Ťһ̬ĳط
´ӵһͷԲŷ֣ԼѾһµĿռ䡣
ѵǽ磿
ǰĳʮضİܾȴϢҺޱ߽磬ȾɻȻһɫ
Ѫɫ
ƺܴޱߵľȴһСĶңѪɫںڰ֮УֻܲԼĴڣõԼĺ·ֻ֮һˡ߶Ǳ߽磬Ĵ޷ͻƳȥ
Ȼ׹ԼѾѪ¯֮С
֪ǲĴƺܵ޵ơͬˮһ֮УȻȴΪܵЮأʧӯ̬֮
˼֮ʱеȴȻתæסϵ̣סǶһͣס
Լ֮䣬ǴƺȷʵЩ
ǱȥûȴȻʲôһӣЩˤϡ
һ֮£ƮƮз˳µľһƾճ֣ʬһ£Щ
˵ݣ᰾ޱȣζӳ¡
𣿡
ѵڵϵ˷Ĳѣѣ
ȴǳ˯ȥģôѲ
ģֻǵ˯ᰵֶ֮һĿ־壬֪Ѿ˶ãǼȥ¡
öַԶһЩĵطȥΧҰ̧ͷȥһĻ𺳲ѣĳ
ʮ£߰һγһСɽѪɫӳ֮һǵ֮еڡ
ϳϤһЩĿͷ类һһʹС
£ǰȥҡҡһתһߣʦ㣿
˻Ӧ
һѾõķĹΨһĻˡ
һɿֲľ֮нӡ
ᰡʦ㡭
һΪ΢𣬺ڻ֣һæͷȥ
Զɺ̧ӣǿ
ɺôסһֻҪЩ
ɺȴὫƿûõģֱۣ̇¶εһ÷÷棬Ƥ֮΢΢عĶ
˹ƲٶɽҲ޼¡һ仰ɺ˺ü˵ꡣ
нˮͷڻöƺҲеܣĬĬƮ顣
ɺһˣС󣬺ʱ⸱˿ģ
һԵŭĵӯؿڡ
ɽ̡Ǹһеʼٸߣ޲̳֮죡
⼫˵ľĬУᰱ󣬺Ȼһİɤ
СҸղŶһܰ𣿡
һ˲䣬ΪԼ˻þطôţ
˻ƣƾճһ㣬ͷƤ飬ë
ͷһȻתֻǰһ͵ţĿ飬׷ԲԣϹһеЦ⡣
ŲİףȻ䣬ᰱ׹˱ߡ


41
һʱǰ
ͣ¡
ָʾŮͣһڣ ɫģȴ͸βסϲá
ٸڣ޹طֲɽ֮У ֲ·ҹ֮רŻƵͼ䣬 һ· οͨʱ򿪺͹رգ еĹɺ͹ϣ ֻйŲ֪
ҹ˽֪޷£ ҹɻʱͳ졣
뵽 ΢̣ ºֻӪŵĴţ ҹȻȻ֡
ϾǻͬĸãΨһˡ
˻ѣɽһ綨µԼŮ ΢΢𣬿дʡֻϵƺԾøޣ ͬʱɢһɢ֮С
ᴵ΢¶һ϶ƺڿ̽Ρ
дһ춯 һ ؿƺ֮⡣Ʈ ¶һ԰ף 촽ȴ̬죬ྐྵа˷ƣȴȻͬ
Ż˵ԶֿȻһ漴֫°ڶԶ½Ȼ볣ûʲôǣľżһ㣬йоأ͸һɲȻĽӲС
Цý㣬л֮λôЩ꣬£ͳϽ壬Ϊ̺˿ׯ
˽˵֮Ůƹˡһأڼܿ̽⣬ռԴ˽¡ǷõһᱻԼѪ׵߸ǷԼ֮ʱ˵ͷЦЦг˲мͼ
һ򶴿ڣЦ
Ц˰Σ㵹ҲؾţϾѳɶֻ֣ܺúôĵӣʽһɣʹһзմӴʧãʱ˿̣õֻ֪㻹ʲôҪ˵Ƿ񡭡ԴǰһЩ飬йֻ⣿
ضŻĵĺ󱳡
ֻһɣ˵ˡ
Զ˶ֱۣûá۵Ĺʮ¡һ÷ƣܣһаչƳѭָ¡
óϦ꣬Իʮǰ֮ʱ۹ңѪ󶯣ŲС
ǴǰǼ½µӡ˵ЩѾˡ
Ƭ̣۵ȵòͷˣǰһ
㹴壬ѵǴ
һЦ죿Ϊ治ţֱʱ㻹ظ޻⡣һϣ죬ǣȴ㣡
ɽԼʲôɽԳŵš
ţ㻹ǴǰǸɽ̣Ϸˣôۺ޺޵һԵƵĽŭйʵ㣬ѺɽԼֻҪҽǸȥʽһɣǣ֣ʱϱҲϹ⣬߰㣡
ǣ˼һǷŵѪ¯֮еĶ
ı֮ǰ¼ûɡ۴ǰȥس¶Ц
ǡ
е֮ⲻΡ
㡪ۼ⸱ģͷ𣬡Ǹƨ֪֪ῴ⸱װģӣ
˵Ҳܣһѽ˶С
֣˿赭д
֪֪Ǽٵġ
÷ƵĲٿ֮£ȻԶлƣɱ档
ٵġ١ʲôԵ⣬ηѣ类һͷˮ
˽Լҽ㡣ƽӲм˵ѣͷ
ˣ
ͷ亹˵Լɽ̵Ǽٵģôʽǲˣ
ʽʧܣỳɵͷϡɽ̵ıġǺã
侲Ƭ̣¶˿˿⡣
ԴУΪǿɽֱ̲ӰҪĶ

Ѫ¯С
ԭأƾճֵĹ조šǿס
ɺĵ϶ش
Сģˣɽ̡㲻ʱ¹Ѿ¯
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ΪʽɽѾʮʿڶ෨
ôǡ
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ǡǣ
᰽ԭأ۾һգգضԼšǰһ۽˶͸΢⣬Цı֮С
ĵСҡ
δ䣬ᰳѳâ¶ٿȻǰȥֱȡš࣬ͬʱѸ½ץȥ
š̶̵ֱ˫ȻζȻ׳ȥһ󷭹һ
һֻڵʯ֮䡣
չ֣һƬ½ǣƮƮ׹ڵء
ɺޣץ˸ա
ȶ淴ӦٶȳǰȥкȫȻƽյ㵽ΪֹĴ򷨡
ΧڷɣףڷϢƬ֮ǧ𽣣ưסɽ̣޷϶ۼ޿ɱܣ޿ˡ
΢뷢һȥɽ̱Уʱɴ⬡
֮ʱͻԣ֮һ˲տյĺټ
ǵ䲻𣬡С
Ȼתȥǿյġ
ɽٶȾ˹Ѹݣ
ʼʩƣ˭Ҳ޷
ĴڳӿһЩΣǵͳϵҲѩƵıԽԽʱԶߣʱڶߡһʱ֯¡¡ؿ졣
Ķʲô۷
˫ۣܴ˴
һŹĺӰʶΣϷˣӼһ㣬ڵϹȥԽԽͷð
˫Ȼ󣬳һڳδȥνʵԥ
Ӵһʹˣ
Ȼü쳣Ƿ顣
ͷ¶βʲôŭб㣡
ɽ̵ıĿţ˼ҵս֮УȴװģƲС
Ӻڳ֮Уһ͵ӰȳѪڿӣҺȴƲԳԷƣ
ŭⰻȻȴȻ𣬷⺬˵һ
ɽ̴սֻϲأûܺȺʹ֣˲ԶԸ
ԣһֱزأʵǲӭУ
ҲǵģԼôǸˡ
뵽һƬ⣬ӱǰǰȻһƬ棬ȴƯڿУ˺֮еĹ⾰
ֻɽ̲ΡΡţ֮ѪҺεڽűߣһ޴ޱȵߣɺͷ˿˿һ
᰺ȥɽ̱޿ɱܣ̸ܴš
ɽȴܣڶӰԭأɭɭЦצЮһˣŽķ
ͷȻɽץУǰ
һƳս
ЩˣһбȻֱϵƤѪɽסΣָһĨĨһۡ
ڻ˯Уʹ΢΢üͷδ
ſŭӿɽ̽թ޳ܡ
ɽ̹Цţ״ҲЦȴȻһģصҰϲûòС
סŭΣ
СӲ̫ʹɽ̲صҷ˵˺ܶ飬Ӷһ
ұŮӸ㡣
ɽҪʲôĵһŹֽһˣʲôıơ
ȴȻס񣬾ʲô
ɽ˵͵ȴСһڳһŤϲõı飬ȥ㤼ˣ漴Լצһָ

ᰰŰɣָķȥ
ָֻ֮öĸڿУ͸ů⣬ӯӯܵӡ
ŷ֣ӴӸղһֱߡ
˵Ķ
ѽɽ̻һɽߣԼ¶ֿ֮ɫҲ͵͵ߣҼȥʱ
롣֪ɽڴʲô⡣
ѪֹΣڵϦ
ãһѽ߬ģһֽˣһֽ顣
ɽ۾Ź⣬ת˲óһߣһ̬ϸϸ
ᰵʮ־衣ֹѲ⣬ָʲôģСΪϡ
ʱֹսӺǰƶӽ
쵽ˡɽӵתȴ̩ɽǰ
Ʈģɽ̴ȥҲצɿǰȻȻһ
Ȼ䣬ɽ̷ǰץУҲ֮±ɽ̿ڼϡ
ٺ١ۼıóѣɽ̷һĹֽС
ôʧѡ񣬱ʲôҪ
ǰȴͻȻһΣᰲ֪ʱѰνѸޱȵؽ⳯Ӵ̹ɽĵķ򡣽棬ڣһȼյӡ
ۡɽ̵̱ôУҲģ±ץС
һߣ漴ɽצһ§ס
һ˲䣬ʱƮԶˣһԶңңԣˡ
ɽһŭߣԶţ
ԼɣЦѵȣ
ۼѾƽһ°պá
ֻǲ֪ɽһҪΪʲô
϶ûʲôġ
ɽ绤֣ͬڶŻٸһû뵽ɽ϶䣬תһЦеߡ
СɽɤӽصΪԼռ˱ˣİ
һļƤ
һ̾ϢӶ洫ӻǺҪӡ
磬Σ
ɽֿ죬ӻ̳һ鶫С
۾󣬿ǰ¡
ǡ


42
һѨ֮У һֻڻ᫲ƽĶ棬Ѹٵ
ڻأǰ߰ߵɫ ںڰ֮зĵӫ⡣صǣβϻ˩һϸϸӣ ǰ¶࣬ Ӳһ㡣
ڻһ תһ ǻۡ
ǣͻȻӦһ֮У ᰴ÷ǰ趨õָ ֱǣϡ
׼ڻֻҪȹѪ ڰ֮⣬ Ҳܴ˳ҵ㡣
һʽʧܣɽ̱Ȼ֪Ǽٵġʽ֮ǰֱɱ˽㣬õǣɽû ôҹĵλأ
ۿǸš
ߣҿ˭Цա
־űڻǰȥ ȴƺʲôһ
˭۾ǳתͷ鿴
һ
ԱɣԼŪˡ
ؼʱ̣ôԼɹ
 ȥ˰Σ ٴζס
ԡˡ
۲ֱ۵ϣ һ ΢΢
жϴĳķӦȴ
ǰԼʮ״ǽ㻨Ĵ˿ڵķλǣϾҪ֣һܺʡ
ۻļⶼˣְطŵŵϣ׼ų嶾䲻һ
ɻûŴ򿪣еһ
𶯡
һͳŮβһһѳĲӡ
һʱļѿڶвң֪ʲô³𣿡
ţŮѹȡ
ϵһ֪Լ˵˻Ҷˡ
·
Լ࣬ȻĿȷ׹˸һ·ӦҲǲԼղŷűֳΡ
Ǹ۰ҧ
һ֪ǰ档
뵽ӣڻԶȥ֪ⶴ쳣ָʮױҪ·ʱҸֲڣ˦ǡ
װȻǰȥŮȴֳ
㵨ӺܴΪСҿ𣿡
Ů֪ΪΣۺëֱƺУԼ˼һš
ġУ۷ŻλŮң·֪ⶴ߼ˣҺߣҲ·ġ
𣿡Ů˼֣ΪηǱڻ˵յһ
۷һҽУӲصѨ
Ѫ죬ͱһ󶴡ǵͣϣԼѪ
ٸˣۿɾͱסˡ
ңˣʮ㣬ȴòǰߡ
񻰡
ŮƺЩڻ۶ÿֶһĴ̶
۷ѵ˼һ·ȴסʹָף;²ɼ͸ĩڿз
ˡԹޡ
ֻǰȻһЩԶһȥԲƽ̨һͻŮӣӯӯ棬ǡ
֪˿̤Ѫ¯¯֮ϡ
ǣأŮʡ
ŵǶءһָзһ֮ɫ
ֻתŵһ֧ѡȻľȻ㽩ӲȻΪءһ濴ǣһӣ˫֮䡣

ףöӣΪҪ
縴ɻȱĲϣɽȴԸȡöӣһթ
С㲻ҪǾûˡ
ɽиŪ֮⣬ŮǡΪƾ㣬ܵеùң
Ȼһݵ漴Ȼֹ
ʦ㡣۾תѡ漴ؿһȳһѪȾ½
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43
ʶ֮У סߵʹǰ
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44
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ˡǰһ㲻ܶ
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Ҳ֪ãᰵУͿ̿ⶼɳĺ£
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˵΢ƺҪ䲻˵ء
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ս֮ʱƺǣĵŮ޺Ӱ졣֮ʱҲǿңֳ֮
⹥ǣĵһ㲻ֱˡ
ǺԵأ
˼գ⡣ֻ⵱ʵûķӣðһ԰ɡ
뵽ݺݽеĻƵһߣ漴ǣڴϣ˿һЦ
˫֮䣬ӯӯɳһ߰ĵ
Ż۵Ķ򣬲ȻУæƳȥ
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Ǻò׹ƽһ̶ˮżȻһãٶ
ǰᰱ֮ʱеԭѾݽߣɺ֪ΪΣһɼΪǿͻȻǣͺйȻ˳ڣںֱײϯȫƽȣȻӯǿǰ
֮ǰȣӰƺˡ
˼ʼػңǰʱϤ˺Ѹٶȴüͷ֧֡
ŶЧˣµùȻ´ϲӽ˴ٶȡ
᰽ҧ֫ȴԶ޷ǰŲһ
ѵƾŮƣ
Ȼһƿ֮죬һϮл۵֣漴ֱֱڵϡ⧲ǣֵ䣬һѪۡ
һͣȻڵء
ǰһⳤͨϸխһɭɭ⣬ƿʮ졣
ѵǡ
в𡣻żֲţ֮źڴ飬ͷϿȥ
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бڵϵĳԣԶǣҲС
ת֣ǳһЦ
ᰰַƾԼ˫۲һʵˮ⡣ͷһֱŵһ̳ء
ʦ𡣡


45
ôŪôǱأ·Ƴ
տһѽѩͽ һı飬Цõҡҡͷ
֮£Լ¶Ļ֮ʱ ΢΢һָֻµģ Ǭһ һɳ ɵϡ
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ŹƳȥ ʿǽѣ Ҳ
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ʦĺȴƼ䴫ƵĽģ塣ֻͷأǰŨһƬ׹С


46
᰻جج ׹˼ΪξʶһҶ֮ƯҡҪߣ һͷĴĺˮ
δ֮ʱ Ƥأ е̧֫ ܿƵһΪڣ Ǵ齡
ߴʶĻع飬 ᰽ԼƺһԷУ 봲齲Զ мŮڽ̸ δİɤ
д㣬Ҳİζ
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аõһֻֻ۾粽ض
ֲɫ е񽣻ΪָĴУ ϡ
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˯ôˣûء
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ѣѣƺܵżˣħҸε
ߣǰȥԶˡ
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뵣ǳεøΪңֲͺͺģʲôҲûУ̵̽ױȴڷɿʾʦö˾ڴ˵ء
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ֱͷϤɤ
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ƽͣһ⺬ǸЦݵģ


47
ֻһҹû ǰŮĿϤȴãʲôͬˡ
һϮۣ ȴ˼ûķʽ͸ЩĵĮλεħƣ ٲκΣ Ʊ˼ʱˡ֮ͫУ ɫħɫµת һЦ֮䣬ƺɣ ȴȴǰˡ
֪ʱ ׷ŮӺӰѾʧ ɢ ɫԣǶϣƺؼֻǶˡ
ô˯һͲʶһû𣿡
⺬Цŷſ ˳һ޽ǣϻδƫͷ㿪ˡ
⺬¶һ٣ Ц΢΢ס
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ˣΪβԼʦ
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⺬̬һǰᣬ᰺ͷ΢漴æסԼ˼
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һİڲԶ𣬷⺬һݣȻתһ˲˦ƿϮʮö
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ȻƬ̣ǳ뷢ϴεĹƻҪң쳤ڼһ񣬾ͻϴ
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Ҳ֪Ʋԣʱֵ֮УŻħĳϣϡ
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ֱһ󣬳꣬ԷƺϢġ
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ӭģȴһĴЦ֮
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Ǿںҹ֮еʿžĬһ
һϢ֮᰻Ȼɽ֮ʱǹħ
ŮɢɢЦ
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ħ𣬾һʿ£¶ЮƹصŮӣԭܡ
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һǿ㾹ȻáĵŵˣڵСﲻ˵͵͵ʦҲһ°治Ҫ
ֻܱᰵ͵Ϯǿ⺬񷴴༥
޾ļţԭЩ棬ֻҹް첱ȴԾɿᰵֻա
»׿ɰˣͰһɶ˰ɣ
޾سţⶢŷ⺬۾
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⺬ȴ˿ܸŵģΧ֮ʣȻԵõظһݵЦ⡣
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Ҽ㣿Ц㶪ħ޾˸ۡ
޾Ը֣ÿÿԹʹ̼ʱ⺬񶼷Ӧ¿ȴǰྶͥҪŵǰһ濴ô㣡
⺬δ䣬ǰͻϮ޾ӰȴѸޱȵʧԭأ˲һطȻЦһƣǸСŮʲôӣ
⺬ȴֹסΣһƣһȥںľӰ֮¡
ţ޾ţôģ
˵ȴޱȵسǹƫҪ
ͷһƺ⺬ʶȴǽȻͬϵĽڵðһƬܻ棬Ȼ⺬ѾǰӭеĿ϶һƬڿնɨ޾±ߡ
Ӵǰϧúܡˣ֪СҲΪ㡣 ޾˼ȻɫҰ齻ҾͷŹ㣡
ÿҪɱңôִˣ⺬񺬼ϽѣܵԵʣ㾹Ϊܳ£޴
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Ҳ䣬ѵ䣿⺬гվϣбȡ֮ǰ͵ϮûаٴҲаʮҲһܳ£
᰿⺬顭Ѫ¯дֱɽµһš
ƺźԨԴ
С޾һ䣬֮ǰ⣬ûӳʵ㲻ͷʲô
᰿£ֻǰǿϵĳ֮У׷ֵɫҺ壬Һ۵һ𣬾ȻͨγһֹͼΣַɿƳɵһͷ⺬Χס
ǷĹ䡣
̽Եýһӣһ߽磬Ȼð˿˿񱻸ʴһ
̽ջء
ˣ˾Ȼ֮ʱΧ֮ơ
⺬񰡷⺬ƫִԣһˣް飬ôùң޾Цſ񣬡һħ٣ɶҹڣ
⺬治ɫ֮ǰÿһΣ㶼ô˵ġ
ƨ޾еҲסˡ
Χ󣬹ӰӰһԽһԵسְ֣Χƽ֮ƣ޾ɫģ⺬زأСҲ֪ϳģĶȥˣҾͲţ㻹ʲô
ٺ٣ˣþ͹ң޾ڰ֮֮һƳɫһЦҸ㣬ҲҪɱ㣬ҪҪһߣҲʧȥ֮˵ζ


48
᰹۲ǰľƣ ֲս˽
˸ʿ׷޾ǰɣ ķ⺬һص֮ɫһ򶨿
ħٵ֭Һ Ȫӿˮ ԽԽ࣬ Եգ γһΧ£˷⺬±ߡ˲䱻ʴһƬ ήȥ
 Ǽմһô
ţ Ѿһ亹ʶǰһ Ҫȥʩγɽ磬Ϊ⺬ֵ
ѾɣȻں֮֮ʱסˡ
ʲô ֳʲôԵɣҪΪڵͷžֵϮ
̧֣˻ȥ
Σ ⺬񲻽ؿڣħ٣ǴӺδģ
޾ʻܲмطһۣ Ŷ£ħȻֻħ˴С
ŶƢԣ ϽΪã
ߣ 㲻֪ɡ޾Ц ħʹˣССһôػסϽ֮ڣħĺöȻҽ֡
⺬üͷˣ
޾ͷˣôϻҪϿЩ»ɻҾˣ
˵䣬ͷɫ֭ҺѾʼµơ
ͷһĬĬ䣬ͷ£һƬơ
ħٵ֭Һ֮УŷΪ縯ʬζ᰸һŵܣס˿ڱǡ
⺬ԭزţ뷽ˬӭе̬Ȼָͬδֻ̧ڲͷĲ֮ͬʱһ࣬¶һ㲻ײЦ⡣
޾ʧɫ
㡭˭
һ̬¶Щ֮ɫ֮ǰг˿ȫȻŨüصߣһ֡
ħܵ˿Ȼտʼ֮ɫȻһ˲֮ȴȻŭǣצظŽ
ᰲزЩֲͨǼΪѲԵħֲǿ붯һ塣
⺬㵽Ūʲô޾ͳһö˻ƵУħٽʱֹסΪܹʹ𣡣
˭
˹ֵǰħȴͻȻɢһƬ϶һɾ䲻˰ΧȦ
ſңСһģ˫أѰһ͵ػȴ޾ȻסڿС
ʺѪҺһһεڵϣħŵѪϢκʱסжٻнӲ
һƣǰ޾Ŵսһֻ֪ʹһŽһ˫۾ضԼ΢΢ſǼ˹һȡ
㡭ǡ
һ㶣ץסʱȫһһȻ̻֮޾ܲȻεץ½󣬾Ȼһ
͡
޾δ䣬Բຮһ⺬׼ʱһ͸޾ļ
漴ȻأᰴԼߣ޾һЦ
Ӱô˻ᣬ糱ˮһХϣΧʿƹ֮һ㣬ʿƤ⡣
ͷӥһУȥһ˵۾աڻܵһڵϡ
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ԷڣƷɿ죬ƺƴĵˣƬ֮ɸɾ᰿ѪµһƬɽ£ܾһĲʵ֮С
ղ˵ʲô桭ͣ
ϡãǽԼϳˣֻǷ⺬µϷ
ˣȥɡ˾ţƤһһմϾͺѲøɾ⺬ʰһöͷϸϸĦƬ̣ġ
Ҳħ壬ȴҪɱ㣿ᰶ˶촽³˼֡
ûǸ¡⺬ЦһȻͳһƬɫУͷ
˻غʹŷ֣Լı۰֪ʱѾħ֭Һʴһ˿ڣѪ
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ҹֵҲ˯ˡ߰ɡ⺬ϷŨŨľ⣬֣ȴһ˻ȥ
ȥĶ
ȥҵѡ
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ˡ
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⺬һۣϻȼ𡣳ڰ֮УᰶȻԸвʣ۲ſǰľ
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ˡˡˡĻڲͣײʲô
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ֻһëϵصĳβͣزжֻ˵ɫͬɫëǼܵشһ£ǻתͷ֬һĺ׷˫ڶӳԳһֹĿࡣ
ᰲ˫۾һֻ캧ˣ²ɾһ
ɽ̣
⺬ǣԭΡ
᰾ȵ𣿡
ⶫΪթԼ˺ܴ֡ʵס⺬һƣɽ̴ڡ
𡪡ɽͻȻ˹ŷ⺬֣ݺһ
Ǹդ⺬ָѾҧ
᰿ɽ˫룬ֹ˳ٶڵشѾʧȥô
ţ⺬񵭵˼أұô򶷣Ǵǰ飬ʿӦˡ
ʱ³֮ҲЩƭΪȫϢ룬ⶫȻкУ͸Լ·
ģ
⺬°ͣͼ̽»ȷ룬Ӧʳĳ޵Ļǡ
ǣ
Ϊƻڣɽ̲£άһʱգжɽĻᡣ
ֻǵ£ȴͬûǵˡ
ĬĬͷΪɽֻǹƶˣĻ񣬾㵽˵ز
Ȼƴ󣬵һֻ죬ȴѴϳˡܵɽزģνǶһġ
еɽ̣ʱЦʱʱᰲпǧ
һֻˣתͬڲص
ô
ң⺬ƫͷĦֱۣ˵õΣ
ѪծѪ룬ҧѪ¯֮УͬŲصľڽܳһʱڣ»ΪجΡ
ãǾ⺬ֻûŪڵƻǴӺζ֮ǰһ󡣡
ᰡšһĬΣϺȻıϢ
ô֮ǰˣ
΢ԶߴһԭԸ֮̾ʱ⺬Ѿ֪ʱյߣĬĬı顣
ģɫԲ೷һ⺬ಽظǴЦؿ
⻹Ǹ¸䣬˪ѩŮ
ôоǰЩһˡ
ţĬĬҧ´ĵɲʲôŮˣħ
ħҲȫΨһħ
뵽һϮᰲ˸¡
ڰУƺϸϸ
䣬˼ԼǷˣ֮Уȴһ΢ɾŮ

оķתͷȥ
ϧմһ㣬ɢˣƴδйһ
ôˣ
⺬߹סߡ
ûʲô᰻عȥһûµģǿȴл֮ȥ
Ϥѵǡ
û˼ںڵȻһɹĴ磬ŽҰ֮˷ֱࡣ
˫۽˷ɳӵסƾȻԽԽ󣬰ѱڻҲˡ
һƬ֮УӰӺ޴ڵءХ᰺Ȼеʲôץĸ첲
Ƿ⺬
İϢһɴ͵ؽԭأڶ


49
ֻԼ˴ţ һɼǿкֱײʱʱʯڣ֫Ҫײˡ
ħ֮ ӦǾܵĽأ˺Ȼ
ᰰ ˼ţ ˹ǳ ʹʲô˲õıϢ֮ ˽ɽ󣬱͵͵ţ ŵ޲֮ʱ°ߡ
⺬񡭡ǻİɣ
ˣ ʲô
˦˦ͷ ͼѸðͷѹȥ
ѵÿգ Ҫָ
Юǰм죬ƺǺ׷һأԼԼˮ
ˮԽԽ ԽԽ죬ƺǰһ̶ˮѾҪִɽ
תһ䣬 ȻˮˮǰһƬȴ춥͸˼˿ԭΨһ¶ԲУ һ£ ӳǰ̵̶ˮ֮ϡ
᰸еЮԼͣԭء
Զ ̶߾һӰ һյߵ֮ӳ⺬ѩһӡ
ԼδԼһ
Ǻǡ޾᰷£ʹ˸סԭ⺬µĽĵˣ˿̾ѲѪ಻Ӱж
᰿ľ㺧˵Ļָǹ
òµģ㲻׷⺬ɤ𣬵ֱֱ׼޾ұһ
ŶӴ޾ϷʵЦݣһôĿҲ֪˭˭˵ء
˵꣬⺬ͳĵڿгһ޾ȴӭϣֻѸܹ
õϧҸղŴһ̣Ѿٴ򡣡޾ڰ֣ȻǰӦ֪ҴԵɰɡ
ʲôҺθɣ޹ءԨ̶ĵط
޹أҲ㲻֪ҴΪ˭
Ԩ̶ǸԨ̶
ҹΪܵŮ˵Ϊ棬ʦõĵط
᰼˴հһһأżѰ߶ͼס
⺬üͷ
֮ˣ
ô㻹ˣħһɵŮʲôɵô޾ЦıŮˣҸһˣ
˽ֲ£޼̸еĵýӰͳǰŴһţת˲䵶ǹȻײ䣬һʱѷ¡
ˣһ㡣˫ֲͷ
ϾҪˡ
ǧһ֮ʣ޾зɳһħ٣⺬ᵽϢѸܿ
һ֮¶޾˻ᣬᰵĺ󲱾̶߳ȥ
Ȼգάƽ֮ʱѾӳһ̶̶ˮ
̶ˮһּµ̣ᰵӳűɫʯżһ֮䣬ˮθ
Ȼһ̶ˮ͸еһͷϮ
ȻһƿһѳԶԶ˦˹޾ѱܿ
һ̶ˮᰱеͻͷʧˡ
Ҹ߹㣬޾Ҫҵˣ⺬ҧгݣŵڵϣͷ˱ֳɭɭŭ⡣
ںˣҪҵ˰
ᰵٶ޾ٶȽˮнȥ
⧲̶ˮ֮УǺһˮ̶ˮдƬ̣̾ͱκ
޾ȲɱӲҪ̶ˮУ̶ˮйŹ֡
ʶ֮ʣ᰻ˮУȻеһ֮С
̶ˮʪÿһƤȴñһܽۻĸ£ıϣôŤѲȥ
Щһ㣬Ƥ֮²̻ӿƺҪΪһ壬֮
ָо֮ǰʧصʱ̡
̶ܵˮ֮У˵ĶԻ
˵Ҫҵˡ⺬ƺһ
޾Բõغһ
˵Ϊͬͳһģһϵôͣ⺬㵽ڸʲô
ϵ·ԽԽԶ
ˡ͡
յڶˡ
̶ˮڱǣ˺ô󼸿ˮ֪ػ˯˹ȥ
֪ǣ⸲Ԩ̶ħǧ֮ءħѪ覵֮˲̤룬ֻһʱ̣ữΪʬˮ
һΡ
۾һƬݵƾůڵչȫ
Ϣݸ΢羲شŶߵķ˿ɹıǼ䣬롣
Ǵƣ⼫˵ʱ⡣
ݴд΢ĸO@죬ʲô˲Ҷˡ
ȻֻǶ˶䣬ë˼£Ƥδ
΢΢һ˿ǵ΢Ц
ͷһƬӰԭ֧ԴСۣ˿ȴ̧ë׵ķ˿Ʈɦ࣬Ƭ̵֮Դֱ׵طһƬ֮ϡ
ᰣ
˼֡Ƭ֮ᰲŷƵģһֻ۾ϣƤ˰϶
͸ָ쿴ģһƬɫ½󣬻ůͷȻѩӡ
ᰡ
ٻᰱԼ΢΢̧Դײؿڣ
˫ػʱ᰸езһɱ;
Ϊ˵Ѿ˺ܾá
⡢񡣡
˫૵³˼ҹۡ
ôòң
ͷķ˿˼£ı䵽ĺ󾱣ûʲô˳ƻ·档
𣿡
롭롭֪һ
ŵ˷˸ѹһƬĲݴԡ
ӵΪһ塣
¡
ƮɣΪԶ֮ʱ֮ϣȻһףشؿڡ
͵ͷϿȥֻͷܲڿγһƬŨɫУһֻľۡ
һĻ۾
һͻľ޴־סᰵ࣬ԭŵˣ˿ҲӰ
֮ˣµľס
ƤƬ̣ˮٲһȻй¡տյ̣ƿƮݡ
⺬񣡷⺬񣡡
ˮ֯Ŀڱǣ۾ҲɫýֲָֻʵѰ
⺬Ķ
Ȼʧȥĸоᰵͱ̢Ƥһʹ
أŲҲصýߡ
ᰵͷһԭ֪ʱԼѾûһƬˮ֮У±һƬصβȥơ
֪֮ʣߺȻһϤ
ᰣ
̧ͷȥ֯УԼվһˣǷ⺬Ӱ
ãڡһ᰼еһ־顣
Ѿ̫̫ۣҲŲסˡ
У⺬ɫްңңһֻ֡
ĸмȥָҪഥ֮ʱȴװըһ
ɣ
һתͷԱһĻ֮һӰԼȥǷϤ
ǡ
ʦ
۾ʦ
տһޱȵسǰȴһεסһֻͣ׿⡣
ᰴδʦͽɫŭʵ
֪˭𣡣
˼ãǷ⺬񰡡
ϲˡ
ԣ㿴ʲô
Ȼһתͷȴ⺬Ͼ¶һĨаЦݣΪħ
ʦڶ졣
ʲôˣħ𣬴ͷβƭģ
ǣ᰾ȥħȴһˮУƹ֮һ壬ԽԽˮƣûĲͣбӡ
ˮƴɽ޶ʲôʹ
ҪϢˡ

ᰣѣ
Ҫ
ۣᰱеʹַһˮ͹ͷ
кݺݵǺһˮıܣŽһشˮ
Ҳʹ
ֱֱ۱һ׽ס
ôˣج𣿡
һɴϮᰱˮ档
ȻӿθϢĸܲŵƽ᰻عŷ֣ղԵ޹ʻ˹ȥʱ˿̣ʣһʮ׼ĺ̶֮С
˿˿ˮ𣬺ˮһ̹ǣݺݴ˸¡


50
᰻ѣ һʱ¶֪Լںδ
𣿡
ϤشŻˮ һƬϮļļ
һϣ ȻеһԱϴ̶̹ǣ δȫȻӦ ܵҪõů ȴһ£ӲԲһƫ ֿˡ
תͷȥ ֻ⺬һ ̶ˮûؿڣ ֬ƣĵ㺮һ㲻˼䡣
جˣ
Ƴһۣš
еĳ סһˮ棬ˮָ£ǡ
̶ܺ ǧɽȪγɣ֮Чˡ⺬Цһ£Ϊ˷㣬 ҽҵ޹
޹
һ㶣 ܣ ֻһΪµ¶ͥԺ ܲľʲôħ޹ðĺĻǽլԺһƬȻı̲
֪⺬һϲãһ˿˿ɣԼǲǱʩʲô۷
ԭ˯֮ʱˮˣֲûΡ
⺬񡭡
еĳĿһһСĳط
޾뿪ܰȫ̫š
⺬ܹƵģļ
ʹɣ
ָĦƵڱϣˡ
͵н֮ǰڲݵϵĳֲƳ·⺬ؿڰڰڣˮʪ½ͷ˿ɿʼȡ
װز࿪ӣһξ룬漴óһĿԣ޾Ѿ۽ҵ̶ˮȥΪʲô
⺬΢΢վֱӣ˼ôڡ
Ƿע⵽һս֮Լ仯
ţᰲȻת棬˵ǡ
ϳֵĺۼ
ֱ̧ۣƫͷԼϳʵ۷ɫǳü·
˵ģ
״Ĳ·ƺںɽ̼սĪðģζϴ
ƽʱɫΪһ壬ǳÿֻҪһ˹·һֳѪһɫ
⺬ضǶ֪Щʲô᰼һȣѼͷˡ
ˣʵ⺬ǰ㱻ţȴܽ硣
ҷˡᰵƺҽʵ˺ܴһء
δǰĥʹ𣬾ȻһΪ档
㲻ʦ˵·ϵĴԵ
ѵΪһжɺϣ
̧ͷɺϣʲô
ɺϣֻ̫һЩ⺬ҡͷ̫ˡ

⺬Ĭ˺ܾãԥҪҪǸ˵˵
һħŮˡǰѾˡ
ʲô
᰾㵲ѡԭȫעţ˿ȴ⻰ᵽһ˿Ϣ
Ŷ㵹˵˵Ҹʲôƣ
⺬һʱĬ
ͣʮƣƫƫѪޱȣ
㵹˵⺬񲻴Ӳ׷һ¡
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ѵ񻰵Ĵ˵ήͷʵ֣
޾д˲룬˲ŰԨ̶У̽Ѫ
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ֻǣ㳤úʵ̫ˣһģһԡ
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ֻҪִ΢΢һĺϾͻ̶һѪ
⺬ĴǣһĨЦݣȴؽһ˪ƺ̶һ
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촽΢ţȴеؿڷ·ӿһЩʲôĻƵضסˡ
֪ǲĴķ⺬ɫֱôǸɵɢΪҪ꣬ȴ¶һ˿ߡ
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ҽ⿪ҲŲƵط
ߣ⺬ЦһżֳŪ۲һȤȻո͵Ϯһгɹ㻹Ӳҵġ
ƾʲô㣿͸߹㣬ֲʲôӡҪҲֻֿܹ˾ƲԳԷƣҲġ
Ҳá侲ɱ˷Żʱ㡣
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˱ƷףֻƮƮһ䣺
Ȼ޼ƭ㣬㣬ʼ


51



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ᰲƲһǣ˸ øһЩ ӴƳľ
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һö״ŹֵԿףӥͷ­˫ᡣ
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̵ָ̽ ϣ Ƕйŵģ Ȼֹɽһ
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ʱҲ³ˡ
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Ϊ֦Ůӣ轣ô


52
ĸĸ
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۾һ ϵһϸˣǴһ۵Сתġ
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һȡ·ͷɢڷз裬ѻΪмīɫʬģ̱ɢڸ߿ճ֮С


53
֦û뵽ǣ ߻ȥ·ϣˡ
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Ʋ㣬׽£˫ۣԤľʹȴٳûϡ
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ǡֻӥ
ŻڹԼΪҪֵ٣
ѵš뱣Լ
ߵ׽̾Ҫ£Ѿûʱ˼
εʹƺǰμҪҡ᰾ҵؿţƺˣΪѪˮϵشӺӿͬʱգ񱻷¯ֱҪˡ

̲סʹú
ס
ָѪۣڵϡѪµʱ򣬴һشػ棬ڵϣƾյȼ
Ѿ˹ȥ˲֪֪ʱѾܵΧ
¡һ׽£ٵĴꡣ
籩꣬й£ͻȻ˻档͵һգɵֵѹ˵ֻһ磬Ҫ֮ʱ׻֮Ȼһǣһ˲ֱֱسʣҪһսļơ
дһľ죬ֹϢ֮ŨīƲƺҲƵģ̵Ƶ΢΢ɢһ㡣
Ʋ֮Уɵš
΢΢תƤض˶
ûһҰǲֻܿһЩ޵ɫǰԾ
ǡ
ָ⣬ᰶʱеһޱ׺͵ƺظο
ᰲʱ˵Сʱһ˯ܵ/ʦ齱ذο
ǿ߶֮ǰòƲĽٶ
ʱĻָǷ籩һ͵˰ա


54
ѹѹ֮£ һɫƾԭس֣ΧϢ𵴣ľƮҡ
⺬ƮȻϱһϢĺӥеϤϢ ǿ̧ӣ̴ٵؽ˼
ˣ ֪ˡҵ й⺬Ϻӥ壬 һעУ ӥʱ࣬Լ˵ĵط
ȥ
ȼӰѺӥ̧ ⺬ӰȻʧԭأ ǵγɾ޴еɫĻ·ٶȥ
ԭľأ ˿ѾһƬ޴Ļԭ 㶼¶˳Ǳͷβ¾һ顣
᰹һˣңңԭ֮У ˫ϥü֮䣬Ƿ밲ꡣ
ڸոգ ˵ڰ˵ףȻ㳹ɢ񽣱һԣѾ۳Ρ
ʱ˿̣Լ ƺ
᰻ոɽ֮ʱ ʦڸš
⣬ أ 鵤塣
޾ķƮҡ֮У᰷ſյܵصĺͬƵ
ڶУ𽥸ܵ޵֮˵һصԽ֮УӵپϢȻΪá
ᰵ屻𵱳һռλãȴ˻һһ֮䣬룬ƺҲԼʶΪ
֮ԶԵ˺Ϊһֱж棬ӲӲصֿ
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üͷͼƻƣжȥ׵˺ӶһΪðնѵ顣
֪Ӳһ׵֮ǰ˵޷ȥġ
뵽ᰶʱᶨ־֪羡ȫһ
⣬ء
鵤塣
ڸʲô
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ɼǰٶ֮졣
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⺬һѼסЦҲ֪Σնôд
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ᰲ磬Ƿ⺬סһͬϥ
⺬˰Σ̲ס
ǲɵٰһףġ
ᰱʹˣ̲ס˻һ
⺬ʹһſ֣ס۵ɫο£Ұ㣬㲻µġ
һǿĽεضס
ᰵϴѪѪҲմ˷⺬ϡ̲סȥ飬Σյͷֻ⺬Ŀ񣬽˫֣ƺ˿Ӱ졣
ִҪΪɽ֮˵ֵ֮ˣҲһͷ
ھŵףΪãҲΪĿġԾΪģƲ㿪ʼۿɼӿƺҪȫΪһơ
⺬ڽ統Уȴз߶һۺƮƮ𣬾ķϢתţλס
ᰴδ⺬ǿʵǰദ֮ʱ⺬ڵ̫ãȻҲûв
һĹƲ£ӳɰ磬ĵˡ
׽£᰸еԼͷһ޽֫ƺѾ롣
Լ֫һʶֻάֶأ
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֪˯˶ãеϡһĸȪһʡ
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ҡһĸ׺ţ׵ĺߣתɽ裬˵˼
ħĵӣᰴδȴ÷Ϥ
ǧһ仰³
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۵ʱѾճɽɢȥ
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ҡҡͷ۽ǵһᱻȥ
ҡһΡ
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Һ㣬úԶԶôô׷㶼ҺԶ
㣬ûң
룬롣øγϣĿȴʼոһɴһ
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˭أ
⺬ѾҪȥˡ
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⺬һ٣ȴûתú䵭
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ѡֻ⺬ӦֻҪúˣ˺ˣʹʦá
ʱ򡭡ͿԻ˰ɡ
Ҳ֪ʦǣôˡ
һжڳ˳ķչеһ㲻ȴʼջ֮ȥ
Ϊʲô⺬ΪʲôҪ
̶̼գѾϣµ߶˺ɷ⺬Ůչţˡ
ڴߣϧزĽĽСĽص֮»ʣõ羵һγ
нһƫӳܵӰ
ҩġ
ʵҵˣղܳȬ
ڵˣƻҪ¡ܵ˶أûó׾жϣԺ²ġ
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ᰲٿԼãȻҩ
һʼ˵ʮͺãʮʮ죬Ůȴһζӣ˵Ƿ⺬⡣
ǲԼ뿪
Ƿ⺬Լ޵ԴסԼȴδ
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⺬񡭡ô
װƳܵ΢һ¡
ħæЩ˵֪
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ûĻܵ۾ƺһ˲ľϲøԻˡ
ȥħ𡣡
ȻιЩйػ
ħڣǰŰȥˡաħƺƵƵ񡣡
㲻żһġ
ż˭żˣ
ĬĬɻشϡ


55
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ᰶԺд硣ʱѩڣ ħȻȽůȻ紵 һº֮ ѽβ
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׻˵ɽһգ ˼һ꣬ ڵشɽ֮ϣԹڲ˼أ ÿ궬ȥ֮ʱ Ҳ˼Ľգ ȫ³״ɨ ﱸʣֵعԲڡ
꣬лһͬԲ
һ綯 ᰲѰϢͷȥֻ⺬һ£ ͥԺ֮У
˵£
⺬ӴݵʯԶ¹ϣ һıɴ
ƫͷȥ ղ ⺬Ȼ˪Ƶģ Լ͸¶ƣ֮ɫԹһƣͷ˳¡
ᰱԼʦõ飬ģֱֲӿˡǹ˸ʵ˵㾭æЩʲô
⺬ǳЦһ£ǡڹң
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еƣ̽⺬޺ۼƿˣƫƫͲشԼ
ҲԹһƣƱ
ȴס
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һССӳԲµľƱֱ󣬴ϡ
ᰵĲؿʼǱһ£Ǳ粻Сһ£ֱ۶ʼ̡
⺬Ҳģһ룬Ƶһ΢΢ƫͷȥ
΢֮䣬ؿֱһ˰̣쵽λá
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ᰲɷ˵Լǰһߣ
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⺬գµġֱ۲ʹģˡ
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˾˼ضȹ˰Ρ
ҿҲˡ⺬ʵ֮ɲԼľô
˼գһֱû˹˵ֻӯ̫࣬ĸо
²˹ԡ

⺬˫˫ĿգƬ̹᰺ȻۣϳܺͲŵı飬һʱȾȻˤڵϣ漴ҵز
ᰣ
⺬̳ȥҲã˷ûָ̫ļˡ
ǣᰰ£ƽȡüͷһƬƣҡҸо̫Ծ
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ҵڡƺյģ𣬶ʧˡ
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һΡӽʹõ
á
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⺬ųˮ˼²⣬ʱȴֱӸģֻΪƻδȫȻָԵʡ
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áԥ˳㡭ΪҪң
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ദģʽֻص˸ʶǸʱ
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һסᰶʱԼ˷һ㣬ƮƮر˿Сٻع֮ʱѾŷ⺬һٲ֮¡
ٲ׳ۣԶˮٲʽ״£γһһıˮ̶ӿˮһʱÿ׳
⺬ż㣬мǴˮ̶֮ϣٲµһʯϡ
ᰲŻһ£⺬һѲſվȡ
⺬ָˮ̶յʽһΡ
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᣿㿴ʲô
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ֻһŵģĿڵλáһҰԴԴϵӿˮһӲΪҿն֫ӯĻ
ԼãԼǰĵͬżȻһ÷ȼ˳ȫľ쵽֫ٺ
أЩԳ᰻ðڷһѻ𣬲ͣȷ磬ԽԽȴûа취ֹЪԭɫƣҲǻһ㣬㽻ţֳѪεɫ
⺬ƣץס˫֣ϵͨԼת˻˹Ϣ
ŽƽܵڵȶƽϢһֵģϢ
ʱѾղͬ⺬΢һ֣ϷߣֹԹС
ᰳ³һϢزóԣҲ֪Լӵ˸
⺬΢ЦڵĹһΡ
ٶȷ̶ˮ֮ϣΣ֮ʱ͸ܵӿ֮
֮ϣƷڣһХų̶ˮһΣ̶ˮȴδ߷ֿǲǻδһ澲ûκα仯
ܿ죬̶ˮƽı֮£ԽԽķӿ֮ǧ̶̲ˮ֮Сţ̶ˮ̱ףϸȥͻ֣ᷢЩɫǱģСݴ̶׷ӿһѡ
飡
Ȼ죬̶ˮﵽ͵ըһܴĿˮ̶ٲ
ʼδֱ⺬˼ѸٽըѲ̶ˮٲϲλá
Σ
᰿·緭ӿ̶ˮֿԼ˫ֱ֣̾ڣҲ˾ͻƵʵС
Ȼϣ⺬˼ʵϣȷͻ˾磬˲ŻסֻǣεȽر𡣡
ر𣿡
ûоã˴εףøңֻǽʿɽ٣Ҫףĵز
˵ɻȷоŵҲȷʵǳġ
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ᰲ˵
Ҹղ̽٣ѿԪӤ˻ڵľ硣


56
һʱ˵
´δй⺬°ͣ 룬Ǻڵйء
ΪӳֵԵʣ̫죬 ֱأ˸׽١
֮ Ϊֻᵽ˼޷ĵز
Ѱʿ˵ ײ Ϊһش飬 ʿƺش֮ ̣ ָȴǰǿ󡣿ɶȴͬ
˵ ǵˣ ӲҪֿҪĶ󡣡⺬ἰ׽֮ʱ ԣ㵲ס
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ˣᰵ˵Ϊҵֵ֮󣬱״ҲŻᷨȫޡţΪڵעµԴ
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죬ʮƥ䣬ѵá
Ц㣬н죿
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һ죬ܳж¼ͷΣԸħֻں˳Ϧ顭
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˰Σ۾΢ԣƺЩֵĶǡ
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ҡᰱƴǣܲס⺬һֱȥѽȥѽ
ϵһ»ϡ·ǴͳħΣˮɫģԵӢˬȻ
⺬߹ʱᰲŷ⺬񺱼شһµ·ĵɫ𪣬ͬһ֦ʢŵ麣Ѱħ죬·ɫʽȴͬа˷ơ
ɰһ˲


57
ţ ҵ۹û·ûȴơ⺬ ɷ˵֣Ʈ תѴһĽֵϡ
ʱ䣬 ǰ任 ʣ ӳᰵ˫ؿƬ̣˵ģ̸вͬ ҪΪԼֵ˼䡣
ŸĪǿˣ⺬ЦЦ ߰ɡ
ֱٺ̲ ˮıѾ˴룬 żֻδһ·ȥˮ½ʵյյʤա
˺ܿһĳأħޣ ȭཻڱԹΧһʱʱͽкá
ʲô
䣬 ˭Ӯˣøòͷ
᰼Ǵʮ־ʣŲӿһȻһڳʳģ ġ
촽 ġ
ͷһ ֻ⺬֪ʱһ ιԼһף۾óԡ
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ᰶپֺЦ㣿ǱˣûӵֻյǬˡ
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š⺬õĴ𰸣ſ֡ȥýʪӸ
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⺬־شûз˴齡


58
˽ ܵԷȵĺ
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59
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60
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ˣ̾ǡ֪ǰһʿ嶯ϣ»תʿʵһʵġ
ţػλԴתӣƺеķʽ˼漴³һ⣬ƫУ䵽˪С
˪λһΣ˫ֽץס
ڶʣ㾳ڷʡ
ӦǰֱʵؾУʧԾںδ
ԽȻǰ㾳ڲؾشʧԣܻ٣˹Ϊ֮ɳΪ㾳ǧ֮¹ʣй࣬ȷʵغ˥
Σ޵ķӦȸղŸ죬Ӧʱ㾳˶Χϲ֮С
ʣɾڷʡ
տȻһְΪϳˣƽʱ´СǾڹϵĶⷢˡ
ֻǴ˿̣ҡȣ˼Ҳûгԡ
Ųӵ˰Σλ¼ĵص
ɽħţӶݶ꣬˼ںδ


61
һԼȳ ԾһƬϵӣ֮䣬 Ȼȫѻȸ
֪ǰʱ򣬾ڱǿɽң һʱӺղѣ 졣ֻǺ֪ιʣ ٿɣ ֮󣬾ֱϵͷƽ
ʱ˶²⣬ ɽĹģ²һʼӴ ֹͣɣ ľԵʡڽһΪҪĹͷ ϾȻ¶걻ڱʵ顪ӶݣȻħйأ
֪ɽ˹ҷˮʹʧ Ҳǲܵġ
˲ʣϣ֪ħң
տ ڴ£׷ȷħ˵ʧһ٣ ּ λ֪ɣ ǰһң пҲٲħ
ʲôһͶʯ֮
Ѫ¯֮Уۼħ棬ҹǳң°˾ڵļӣ䲻
Ⱥ֮У²⡢ϧп֮𣬹ã˲ŽעתƵϡ
տĻ֮һΣ޾Ȼͣã΢΢ڶΣȴδʾ
˲Ҵ⣬ֻǴҴšǵһʱ䣬Ҳδǰһ㣬ηбԽԽ͸ƺҪʧһ㡣
ʱ̫ãλϹ֧϶¶ǿŵɫ
տΣ̷ǰλ롣ԭϵȥʱֳһƬԻͷ硣
տУԹһ֧ͬλϣܵâӣʱһ޵Σٶ۳ʵ塣
˲ɾ̾һֹҿһҲһ
˭˵أұ㣬ʵ֮
Σ³һȥտԾһץסȻۿɼǣǰεĶҪࡣһޱ㳹׻Ϊ͸ʺһ㣬㲻ˡ
̳ϣٶȹλӻ£ָ˴ǰģ
гϷΪؼ̫˲ģ
Ƿ׷ɢȥڳһãһԲˮΧ
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㾳ӦļæǽˮһףʱƮȥһˮ任״۳һյģڿС
㾳۾һգգضţֱǻسһص㣬һˡ
˾гŭȻ
ԭؾʧݻ𣬾˼ԵӦ̴뿪ȥֻһϺӡ
ֵڡ˪һףΣ⶯ȥһҩݵ״һֻ
ǡ
ˣδҩݣҲ֪ںδ˪һλʦãǻŲҩĻպá
ֵڡտһЩƷɵ룬ұ䶯òʵ塣
ֻһҪĴ𰸣˶θڣֻ⾹Ȼγһöҳдһ֡
Ӷķɽ**ɽѰ
˾ּôģˣǰô壿޸Ĵ𰸲һ򶼺ˣδ˵£
֮Уտ俴䵭ɢһĳȥ
ϣڵһӹ޻ش壬Ǹôأ
ˣտü޹ԵɡҰҳ
Ӧ£ҳպá
ҳ£Ȼ۵Ľտ˼Ϊöּ޷ȫʾҲ˵ùȥ
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ţбĳϹοϣ֮ޣοǸ⡣򲻼һʱȻõʾѰҲˡ
տͷǣһλԱߵǰϣħԣǱػᶦ֧֣̫ģʲô취ֲּʾ
տлڳ̸ãŸǻڡ
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ҹĻ֮£һӹ¹ӳԣѡ
ҹɫ֮Уȼӳں̲ϵӰ
һ͸Բˮ𣬾ӳŮϵΣ˰ΣˮΪˮ飬׷εĺˮ
ʦõ¿ɷ˰ɣ
ţᰵл
Һл⺬𣬻ࣣڵıԾţģк󣬼䷢Ҳκʹܡ
ֻ֪ͷ꣬޲սȡᰴͷԼµʯӣˮУ죬ǣΪʦ㣬ʵǡ
⺬ȴ˹һָסļͷһ촽ֹסĻ޳ԤϣܹһˣҲ˵Ѿ˺ı߽磬һȥǐԶֻۡ
ᰱ˼УԵֻʲô
ֻܶһ̣ҶԱʮֿĵ¡
⺬񲻴ֻǽ½°һ죬ЬһѣȻ̤ˮС
һʲôȥ
⺬ǱˮէȻ̼ᡰ˻һȴͷһЦⶬյʵģ͸ԡ
ħ𣬾Ȼ׽ͷֱӡεҽ֮ǰѱٹȣ벻ԣһġ
һ⺬ˮȥҹůůӣ
˵ֻôչȥȼһֻΪֻǺе֪׷ˡ
⺬ֻһ֦ˮдȥ˹ȴ׽áãŷʱסȥ·ʯ档
⺬׼ᣬͲȥڳɹϸϲɫ̾᰿û뵽ȴһ
һ˻᰽ŵһӱԵȥ
Сģ⺬ȥסȴѾʪ͸˸ովʱղܾһֲ֣֪䵽ȥˣˮȥ㡣
ҵˣһĶʱʮ־ϲͬһʱ̣⺬Ҳɸϡ
һԲ֮£̧ͷӣԼӰӳڶԷ۾
鲻Խ¿ˮһӿա
Σ⺬һֱԽԽ̵Ƶģֳ˻ȥ
ĬĬ߻ذϡ
·ʪܵػڵˮ⺬ֹȥ½
ʲôһʶȥסԼǰ
ʲô⺬յø۾ֽżΪȥۣ·ʪشϣô
ȷȼøʱľ֮ϣ۱紵ƮѲ񷽲ˮ⺬粢غһ𣬰˺ԡ
ᰰͷƫ׽㣬ȳԡ
⺬ȴģ͵ߣΣֻóˣȴСָ⣬ʱһƬɫ
ֻ⺬Цǵιſϳ𣿡
ˣҲˡ˻ȥתſܣѵøһγʳƫƫ㻹顣׺òóԣ
תͷֻůƵĹӳϣĵ÷ɫͣһůӨȻԡЩôס촽˶ȴû˵ʲô
ԴӷӥڹԺмʱ޿̲һĳ
ͬһ齣֫ˣ߰㻥ƣҹвңֱ
ԭΪǻħȹһž⣬ưԼݡȻ֮һжûб仯ŵʿ⺬Ҫħ
е㲻֪ôԷ⺬
ôش𣿡⺬ĵǲ˵𣿡
⺬ƺеˡ


62
תͷ 붫ͬħ磬ΪҪڱԵһΧǽҪܿڣ
⺬񲻴 ָֻǰˮ ǲǺ
ǰʱ һ죬 Ӱ߾ͿСʱ Ҿͬںӱˣ
Ŷᰲ ͯҲȤ
ΪΣ⺬Ц Ѳһħ壬 Ѫȷô
ᰵͷһЦ ûǸ˼
Ҳȫ޵⺬ҹճ񣬡Ϊ֮ ұ׷ĸϣһͬˡ
飿Ѳǡ
ս⺬񵭵 ħȻʼնһ£ڲȴϡɳΪ磬ħһ룬ǴѪħ˵ڣ  Ѫߵľ۾֮
νѪߣ ħѪħ壬 ħͨĺǰѪѪйط磬¸ǽҲԴڴˡ
ԭ᰾ȵҾȻδħ֮֡
⺬һ̣Цȴûʲô¶ȣ㲻֪Ҳϡ棬սǼǰ飬սƽϢΪħһͳħ磬ķֽȴȻڣĿһС˻ģ˾ȴǴгһƷԭλã׫дħ޾ǰľˡ
᰸пδħ徹Ȼ¡
ŷ⺬ͷ΢뵽ԼΪʿˣѳò࣬Ȼ£ˮҴҶ⺬һűˮĥʯˮףԼոձ紵һöҶˮУƯȻȴҲ޷ˮ֮
⺬ϵģͷ֪Щʲô㽲Ȥ°ɡ
Цðϲˡ
ôš⺬һۣв⣬ʱսĸϵһС
ᰵϲĸףǰħɣ
ǡ
ԭǰħŮһʼҲֻܴС𣿡ᰴȤô˼Ĺһ㣬ţٻ
⺬ҡͷЦ͸ˡĸϿΪħŮϵֻƽ֮˸ذٱοս׷ɵʱ򡣡
ţǡᰵͷ˵
⺬ŵһգΪ̰ģһʱõоûƿ˷ͻϮҷĸ֪ԵɺҾʮھӪ֮е㣬²
ϸ֮ͬɫ⺬񵭵ЦʱͻСڸʶĽǰܷܵίڻǵʱ飬ܵúܡ
ڽ֮ʱʵ̫ģǰħеһ˵˵ֻҪԸдֽϣԸʵ֡ǣұԼܵίͶµԸһԶдֽϣƿУſܵעʱӽɳ
Цû뵽Ҳʱ̡
ôȡЦң
Ҳң˭ȡЦħǺأ
⺬̾˿û뵽ǣƯƿȻĵоˣһֻµĻ
᰾ȡ
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˵ѾЩ³˷⺬Ů˭
˵һλӣǰʡ
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⺬ʱƵģԶԶź档
⺬ȴᰵĲʣһΪʹź֮¡ȻѲһնδǹ
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⺬ᰵı飬ƺ죬΢΢ǣôҽĹ²Ȥô
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ü˵ǻһλĸɽȴܰڱ͵͵С£ᡣ
᰽׽ȴȻñO@졣
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ȥѸͣƬֻ̺Զһƺߣƺǻʲôˡ
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ߣȻ֪´ûôˡ⺬ٲҷݵģҲɣ
ҡ
֪ԭʱ˾Ͷǡ
ħ𣬷´Ϊģûʣ±㼱ŵΪħħѪޱȣֲĵŮ޻켣һմȾһϢ˵Ҳ裡
ЦˣôͲģôͳ裿
˻δţŵħΪ˱͵Ҳ£´ȫȻΪ룡ǵǰЩѪоŮӵķԹƻЩɴһΣǰ¾Բݣ
⺬ɭɭôĵӣ֪ô˵ĺ𣿡
˰׵ΪħͽЧΪħ峤Զƣϧ
Ŷ⺬񲻽ǰǲΪԼӢ£ðֱɣ
˲
⺬۵׷ɱ⣬᰸˵ЩʲôȴȻӿɭɭħڶ֮ϯϣݺݵؿס˵Ĳӡ
Ȼϧȥɡ
δ䣬˵ͷǶߵķݣһԵ˵ϡ


63
䣬 ݴ˲䱻ѹᵹħɢ˲ʧڿС
ܰģ ·ʲôҲûз
Ŀȫ󼹻һ˿⡣
ͷһ Ҳˣ ô֣
ߣ ֶ ˵ڼҲΪȻ⺬ת صŵĵط
ô ̫ĺݣ
ᰴ۵ Ϊħ Ȼ֪ߴʤĵֻǽһΣβѵ룬һ棿˶ĹһΪЧ 𣿡
˶ϲãĵ޴ȴΣա⺬ˣ ΢һĵ¾ͻͱԼϡ
ǣǲһ
⺬ԴǷȻͷһת᰼ӳԣ ƿԼ Ҹ֮䣬 ϵ¾޽еΣ ʲô޷ҡ
дδشֻ⺬ּ˵һԼȳұؼ֮ҲһҪ㣺ħ֮ҳʹȷѪ꣬һ죬֮ˣƩʦƩʦãָǳˣɱңô㵱Σ
᰹ϵСʦң޵֮ˣΪ볾Ȼз׳Թǰħ֮ضͿ̿ݣұԵԴΪأػΪΣϲΪ˽ԹҰ
⺬һЦ㵹ͨ͸ֻЩ˵ףȴѡܷһгԹ񲻳֮ˣһôãοС
ȴ˵ħб޵ıǲͬĵ
⺬ԣ֪Լ٣Ըȫֻ̽һЦǿڳħ䳣ɵƳˮҲȴδǵ֮ͬˡ
˵⺬һͣ٣΢Цż֮ͬ벻ۣͬ
˵ʲô
޵֮ˣǳۼġһʣνġ
һ˼νġ޵֮һԹ֮ıģͨ컯֮䣬֮飬֪壬죬кһǼصġ
⺬΢Ц˵úܲ޵֮ˣԴȷʵơġᶨ˵ױ䣬ôܿ϶ǧ꣬һܼصģиĵһգ
ᰵͷһ룬Ҳһ޵֮ˣǧ޵֮˲ʲôֱ޵֮һıΪһ壬ڣ׸ģ
ãһһ塣⺬΢̣֮У˵Ĳ֮ˣֻǴӸλ񲻽аһࣿϾһ˵˼ֲдϡ
⺬⻰ֵֹģƺָֻˣʦȵĴڣپ֮УĲ֮˷ġ
⺬һӣ㵹ʦϴδҴһֻüһ棬ÿÿἰʦһʵƷҵء
̲סǧˣħ棬֪ײʲôǡ
ҹɫһͬЪϢ
峿Ϊ˲Ҫ鷳⺬һͬԽѰǽ
ڽϣ붫ƣֻǸӷ󣬽ֵȴȣʮտ
һٹʱȴʽ乬
ѪʹѪ߻ӵĵطԭӡԽ⺬üͷһֱ΢ţȴᰵЩûоƹЩһǺѵľҲݴ˵زԶˡ
ᰵͷʵӶȣƺ١
š
⺬ӦͲٶ˵Ҳһͬ·
תתһƵ̵ڡߵ֮⣬ֻһö˶ͷϷ˫ĿԲȭͷСͷϳ˫Ƕɷصˣݡ
⺬ֱŽȥ᰽󣬿ʱȴһ
ھм̡
һ̴򾫺Ĵ磬ұϲһ±ˣܲϸɼС̡ᰲ²⣬Ӧһܹα
һɨʱ΢΢һ㶣漴Է⺬Ц⼸ˣǱʲô°ס𣿡
⺬ȴѣֱΪȡ
üҪʲô
ҩ
̾ȣ漴¶ϲɫ̶̲գ㾹ȻѾ˽ķ
ֻһζҩ⺬񻺻תָһöָֻ֪һȴ֪Ľⷨ
Ŷ̽Ŀ⿴æǽķ¼һʮֹϵĲϣھ֮СӡΪ̣رᵽҪһΪѵõҩΪҩ򲻿ȱġĽⷨ裬ٴλؾĲſɵ֪ȫòˡ
ԭˡ°͵ֻˣⷨ˱룬ΪҪõħҩΪҪҩأ
⺬ЦЦʲô֣λǰ㣬ħһҲΪ֪
ᰵǐ֮ұʦûȥǱӣ֪ĽⷨΪˡ
ֵ㾹֪Ľⷨʵá֪ħ֮УĪ䣬֮ʱʹ̣²̫ƽħҲΪͷ۶ˡֻϧһ
ʲô
̾ǰб鲼ħ磬ֻǳħˣӦΪȡǰҩݰɡ
ǡӦкβף
һ̯¶ϧɫúõģֻǰ޾֪ʲô裬ܹ˵ϴһգʲôҩݣʲôɻͳͳģ˿ûʣ¡
᰺ͷ⺬һۣѵ޾ҲΪ
˭֪ء̽һơ
ֻ䣬ഢĹӣȷʵǱϴٹģ
̴˸Ƿ޾оҼǰòᡣ类лΪ˴¡ƣûɨء
üǐ䵽޾УǺõǐɻбش棿
ʼ򣬡룬ǿǰǰֲⷽôꣿħ磬¾ûбĵطˡ
ԣвɳء⺬֪ʦã֣бķӵġ
̸ͬ߳˵ֻ̡⺬룬޾Ӧ֪á
ʵΪΣ
Ͽⷨ޾֪ĵͨҩˣұƲ⣬Ӧ䣬ҽȰѿõҩһȥ꣬ϾҩݿɶƷ
ᰳ˼Ȼˣ²˳٣Ǹõ޾֣ܷҩ
תһֵŮһֽһΪħŮԼĪʮģ
Ůͯһ̧ͷ᰿࣬̾ʮ졣ȻվСнϴǸ㡣
ʱ˿̣¶ϸֱ֮ϣȻӡʮĺɫۡ


64
᰷Ӧ ⺬Ѿ첽ǰȥŮֱϸϸ鿴˭ҵĺӣôԼһ
⺬ƽʱ䵭Ŀʾˣ Ȼʮò΢΢һЦ֮紺 δħ ȴ㿴ȥʮֿף ʵ Ҽ˫׽˹ֲƵƵʹ ұΪҩ ˭֪ ˭֪·ҺȻҲ ϢƬ̡
ˣŮһ˶Ѫ࣬⵽Ⱦ
ʵ˫֮ǰ ɽӴʲôˣ
۾㣬ô֪ǲŰﲻã ĸǰȥַݷã˵и˼ģԲѷĸ  ؼʱˣ Ѫ졣
⺬һۣ ˫׵Ĳ֢ǴӺδͬʱ˼⣬û뵽䴫ٶ֮죬Χ֮㣬Ѱħ徹Ȼ⡣
ɡ᰷һѣȴȻ֣˻غһʹ
⺬üϹĵôˣ
ᰵ޷ȴмѪ˳ָ䣬εϡ
⺬ɫæָϸ鿴մѪ
ǵģæԼСĻƵģѪ
״óŵһذףλ㣬ԲϵذײСĻ֡ǸĸĽ治̫ƽҳʱõġ
⺬ŷģֻᰶ˵Сã㸸ĸĲ֢ȥҽݣҲΡ
˿ǻΪʲôѵǵ˾֢
ֻβķѰǲ֪ġᰰοǣģҵβҩݣһ㣬һһûµġ
ĨᣬƵƵͷллƽ㡱
᰿˷⺬һۣؼңȥѰҩ
⺬ͷȻ䣬ͷһӥһڵϿ
ࣿ
⺬һԹԲŮģһ㿴ôסĿǼشת
ƺ⺬һɫʾ⣬൱ᣬ
ʲô⺬ѿڶüͷ
᰼״Ҳ굱̬֮ʱµжغɺͷݲóʲôӡ
ֻ⺬ü˼Ƭ̣˾ϣᰣһҪ£ûضӦʱ̫á
ȻˣұţȰú㣬ٵһ档
ÿЩ
⺬ͷЦ֪ģһõȡΪ˰ȫʹȥ
һ⻰ƺԼȵʮֽƵģֱֲԡ
⺬һҲ飬ͬһ̣ͬʧǰ
ֱôס˳ᰵ½ǣ㣬ǡħ𣿡
֣Ц㶼㲻õģļһġ
ãӶˣһʳĵطǳʳһɫ⣬˴ûľ
ָǮѾԴ˷ܵһţͷ᰿Ų˼᰽㣬ҪҪԣ
᰸Ǯؽӹһ㳢˳Ŵ𣬱һζ
ǣ㣬˼Ҫؼһȥ̴ͻȻһһɫӰһʱ죬ٵͷʱ㷢ѾûӰ
Ŀʱȥһɨ㿴ڳ־һӰЮֵ㡣
£ƽٶ׷˹ȥӰȴĪ⣬ʱխһС
˼ΪҪЮ㣬᰷׷ǰȥ
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ŲСĲƵָ˿֮УҲѪ
Ѿ֮˵ѪҺȾڽˡض˵
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˼ƻɣްӾĹͣòȥһ𣬲᲻͹ɣ

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֪Ĵڣֲ⺬ΪеģҲֻˡ
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һתЦʲôʱ˵ȥģǰȥ֮ܳء
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ƵļΪŨħЩˣȫħ塣
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65
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һ ¥޾Ĳ¶׷ײã 
޾ߡһ Ұѷ⺬̧ѹң ɼԼɺһϵˡ֪£Ҫʦ֪ͬˣǻô룿
´ӣᰣСھ֮ڣȻպħһ𡭡òǺܹʵ°ɣ
ᰵлֱ˵αسԼһͶǱ˷ʱĺá
˵ʲôء޾ЦҺò׼һһģһףô׷Źúúһа
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˵Һͷ⺬Ľ飬ǰݼĹ޾Ƶʱ㻹֪Ķء
⺬ĸзջҲǰħ˵ĸŮˣֱǴһģ̳ġ⺬̳ĸ׵ıԣСսթսʼ֮󣬱ƵƵΪΪѡ
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ԴӶŮ󣬹˴ʹʿˡ⺬񲻽ûأΪħ𣬻ɷнµȥҪ˵أ޾һҰܶ飬Цѡ
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ѵΪħģ˵أΪˡ᰷˵Ϊʦö˽䣬ʱɲסڷ磬Ϊħһͬ̽ѰĽⷨħ̫ƽΪ̫ƽ
Ŷ棿޾˵һȫȻŵģȴԵرȤ
м١һЦȻĻƾ˵ħ˽֮ˣ֮ħ棿ҵ˵ȴռĳҲϡҩݣûΪһ·ǰɡ
޾ϷЦݣ⺬Ѫ飬ΪħǣĸءҲ˵ĿȷֱѾЩüĿˡ
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޾˻ȥĵȴᰵķӦ
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66
޾䣬 ¥һƬôЦ֮ƺΪ׳ơ
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ȴֲһ ֻ޾ȷʵƲ⣬ ֪һζҩݿβ ֻǲͶҽѡ
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˴¥ ȥʱ㽫̧ǰ
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ħӿϣһ㱡Щҩݣ žǰ˵ģʹҩݳòķ
ԼǵǱĐģһĿⲻѰ ǷС
Ǹֽӣ ޾۵ף ΢΢һ̣ ȴֻĬؿš
ԭרĿѰ䣬ɨ޾ı飬͵һͷ޾ϡҩҪͨ۲ķӦϳЩǽҪҩݡ
뵽һϵĶȴֱǰҡ
ԭҪǰ޾һ۵ĬĬ˺ƾ᰷ҩݡ
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ҲȾ䣬ϵĐȸҩȻһΣ˵Իʹ֢״
ݷ⺬˵ǰǰֲʣѾ࣬¸ֻ꣬ɸȾȴֻ಻١޾ӵеЩ·ħѰá
޾ⷬĴ򷨣ѵҪ޾ݺĥⰵյɽ
оĬã᰺Ȼδδˮ
΢ԼȻ΢΢һͷһֻһϸСϣ
᰻һ飬̽붶䡣Ȼʮִţע֮ʱٶ建ֱϡ
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ѾҪʵĿڣǰȥ۾С֮ϡ
С״뱻ռݣɫڶģʲôҲûС
ҡͷתȴȻԼ͵شսСףֻһ߽Сд
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67
Ѿļͷ
᰻δ ֻǴսСϸȥ
Լ΢ƺֻԼĶ
Ҳˡ
Ҫ뿪֮ʱһ⧲ڶ
𣿡
纮ľͳΡ룬 ЩƮŷιɭְĺХʡܱϵó ˵Ѹߡ
᰾һ г ˭
Ǻǣ Ц㷽ŴսСף ô
ŷ ͨԼ
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ͬһطģ벻޾ѡ
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ң㲻֪˭ôԷƺЩȣ ޣҲԣϾͻСɣ ħ嶼ħˣҲ֪ҵš㻹ᣬȴѾϺˡ
Ӧ֪ô
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Ҳ ȴΪüԽöԷţ㲻ʶ޾
ߣôʶأԷԶ׼һ˿ȴȻصټôûòΪ˿ħ٣Ͱҹûģ
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룬ͬҽ̸ģķ
ӦǣⲢҵķҵһ֡
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ҿû˼ħ˴ݵ˳봫ֻ֪֪ʱһ˶Լ˽ĳ̶ȣԶԶûôࡣ
ֱǷϻᰲˣָԼߡ
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ȼһȻҩûħţԵֳܿήļʼڡ
һʧҩԣ˷ǰðˡ
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ֲֻħУֻǽֻ޾ŵɱҩݡɺ䷺ģҩϡ٣Ҫεȴܶ࡭
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ЦҿˣΪϲڿտ˵ˡ
ӴħЦһ󱲣ôĿ𳤣Ҳգڴ꼴ԵСæҶԣʮּ򵥵ġ㿴ˡ
ԭһֱᰶϵ룬Ȼʼ⶯뿪壬ֻһСβϡټ⾫׼ǰһ죬ȥֱѾʼήĐ
һʶȥ֮׵ϡҩݡȻɣܲȥƬ֮һסǡ


68
֮ʱ Ѿ˿æҩõСֻԭʱȴػ ±ñͦչԭֵɫĻ꣬ ʱȴԭŨ ɼѪܰ͸ϸ磬 ƺбע֮ԴѪ
һöϸ ԭǰģô
ôħ͸ĵ⣬ ûƭɣ
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70
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71
⺬ۼֿ죬 һѷסµ壬ؿĵϣ˫Ҳһȥ
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᰺òײżǰȥ˼֧׷ĵǰȼ
ζ˿˿ᰵıǿף۳㣬˼׷ʲôԸãȻһͷ
漴Χǰ㹪˼ݣ㡣⺬һԵˡ
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˭֪ءᰵҲһ԰ˣ׷ôæµѵܷͬʱﲻɣ
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˵Сʵеխˡ
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᰽һʱڴ˯ˡ


72
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ϴһ׾ɵľװֲȥģϷװػˡ
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ѵ׷ѾϳһеԼ


73
˼ת ȥ
һ׷Ƭ̣ȻԶԶϡ
ʱ ᰱкɣĺӱߡţ׷ȴڶ԰ 
᰼˲ЩļȻ ׷µļ΢ɼħת һ
ԭ⺬кһ 󲨼㣬׷Ѿ̤У ֻ
һϢ֮䣬 в 羲ˮ ȻҪΣȴѾ׷ز
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᰼һʹжû뵽׷ʳУǰһҧļͷ
˻ʹˣĵ޿ѱѹħ˵˵ʲôģҪ㶨һɲǵһƤ
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ţָ̧֣һ߻⣬һӰ㣬ڿвƣȥ
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ĳ˲䣬׷Ҳ֮ͣšõı飬һʱؿţ·˼
᰺ʲôԼǰͷһһŷɫĹδԼ
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ŻصĻ棬תۼѾһģﵽ˼㡣𺣱ڣֻǰЦǹԼǿʶĻ棬ϤϢ

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ʹúˣо˹ʱ˿̣Լƺʲôһˡ
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侲Լž֮ľٶЩЦŵϢϸϸϢ仯Ȼ֮У类ѱްгڣӿƣָظɫ
ڴʱҲеԼеһ˿干޹ʮѾȫȻһ˿Ҳʣˡ


75
ʱ첻 绹úܡɻشϣȤĦϵӡ
Ӳϸϸһȥ֮ʱ ȴܸоһرֵӿ᰺ܹӦ׷ھԶĵط
Ϸ˸ ˼ξеľ׷Σ ôʵ֡
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ţ ⺬ȻԺԺһʣ Ϊʯͷɣ ֻ⺬ʯϣ ʯϣ˯šºͣϡ
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̲סЦˣ̽סԼ졣
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ѹ޷⺬
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͸߹㣬ҪҪǲƫҪȥһˡңˣ
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֪ǲᰵĴˮеӰ̧ͷ֮ʱƺһݵ񣬾þõأþõŰϵ


76
ħ֮ڣ ˮ᰺ͷ⺬ԷʹĴϣ뿪ȻеСǡ
Ѹ٣׷ڴβ 쳤צȥŪһˮǵôζ
ڴͷϣ ԥã ̲סʵ ǹҿЩ𣿡
׷ ֮ǰһС
׷ԭǹ͵ ˵öԲԣ
⺬ÿɷ
ʵ Щ飬 ҸЩġң дǰ
һֳ°ͣضǰ΢ĺ档
˵ħ֮У ԭдѪѪķֱȵʱȴһֶ ĸ׵ħѪħ壬ΪĸµĴ󽫾ȴִ֧ѪѪƽ ˲Ѿáĸ ʱĦ ͻϡĸҪеѪħ ȴӻǣѪ˾Ϊش̣û뵽һǼʮꡣ
ѵ˵±Ѫߣ
ǵġ⺬΢΢һЦͲǡ׺һġ
Ȼᰲɰ졣
ʶĻԵͬ㽲ײԺˮеƯƿʶǸϤ֮󣬱ʱʱ͵ںӰ߼档ٳһЩǶսʮ롣ʱѽӽսβĸóսһʰĸΪ˳ʤ׷ǳ׽Ƕʱ䣬ʱͻϮ
ԣͻϮʱ˹ͣǰ룿
￴Ȼֵ֪֮һ飬ĸ׼ٽ̸͵壬Լڶ档׽⣬ѱѡȻⲻĸ׵֮ơǣұ㼱ԼǳĺӰ߼棬ҪϢѹ²Ҫмơ
ֻû뵽һΣ
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77
ѵǡᰵ ӣ
ħ˽ӷŵģպҪ䣬 ȫˡ
ᰲɸпⶫ ô
ȷ˵ ħһ⣬ ֪Ϊʲô֪𣿡
⺬ ˣ˵
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ʲô᰺ͷ⺬ֳ֮ɫ
üڴ֮ǰδ㡣˵ǡ
ħȴܿ⣬ ֻʱ첻㣬 Ѫ飬ۿҪزˡĸţҡʱҽ֪␻вѪ֮Ч Ӻӱȡһӣ ĴѰϡԸ쾫 ʹ֮塢ά֮Ч Ȼ˫ͬ⣬Ž˺Ȼһ׳ӴҲˡ
ħ΢ЦţƺԼĽ
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Լ֮ȷָôͣ
һ֪Ϊֲһʼ͸ңҪȵڲȡҪȥ׷
ħҡͷСѣǰ볣죬ʸӽ׳ܻ֮ܣٲӵĹ͡ϴҹ۲ھڻ֮ƺвֹһ塣
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ǡħޱãݣƫƫ֮ˣʢƳˮ𣬱ȻҪ俹ٽȡߣֻն
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ңѲǵˣϸϸ׽ħ˵Ļ˼
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ħǲǸȥԨ̶ˣ
⺬Ϊʦǰӣ㺰ֻ׽ãֶͷ꣬Ҳ䵭࣬ǹȥ
ʱԨ̶֮ڣǿҵɽӿȥХޡͨڶҲһɭ֮С

ء
ףϣ˩һֵǶһ޾ǰͷǣԨ̶ȥ
ߣڵ˿ͰҰħͷˡ޾ЦŹôģ
ʱ·һ洫һЩ
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ջĿ⣬һɲǼ䣬ؿһ㶫ĻڳǰǻƵĴɽģ
ѵղɽ̵ĵط


78
ءʦ㣬 ǣǲǻףߵ浹ù ŴǷ´ƭԿףӣ ǿ϶Ҫǹⰵյĵطˣ ôѽ
֪ һȥƭԿ׸Ұװɫ࡭
ο ģᯡǻء
ֹ˵ʲôأһ ףѲһ 졣
ۼԽԽ Զˮ ƺѾҪߵˡ
ףԽԽţһǰ͵ػͷһ
ʦ㣬ǿҰ һҪΪϾТΪʦðء
ˡ
ǰһӣ ף۾ûпе̾ߣȴһ̵̶ˮɼס
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ֻ޾һӥԿף µ˼Σ 䳰 ֮ˣ ǲǶϲǰǼ˳ȫˣҲǸһİɣ
С˼ƵУԴ󡣲ôħ磬Ҵħ͵Ǻ棬Է´βıȹĸԣôǳɹ͵ߵģҪɰ·ײңǹ׽ɲýǵóˣ
شһĬ
ţ޾Цô˵ǲ˵ǡм˵
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㣬ĥʦ㣡ף̲סֹȴΪ£˵ԽԽ͡
ţ޾ת㵹Ǹйģôⶫ͵ģ
ҡףӷ뷴ѾܣҲ䵽ԷУܱҪҲûʲô˵˻һһᣬ˵ģΣ˭Ǹзɣʲô´ģƣֺɫҪǸһҩ٣١
ʲô
ٵ˯ΪԼþ֮ʱ˼աͽˡ
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ףΪˣæɪ棬ңѾȫʵ棬ɱ
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80
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˺۷Ϣ᰽ŻصԼǬУƣĺʪһƬ
û뵽ɽ̾Ȼ˹ϵش󣬻ǰһйءھڵķκ˶Ҫ
ͷȻһ˿ɻΪʦ˻֮¸˪ϾȻ׺ȴҲԶԶ̶ȡ
¸壬վԭ㶵һȻͷһġ
˭
͵תȴϷ⺬Ц˫ĿһöֽѩĽǰ΢Ʈɽ۷ѩ
ʲôأô񣿡⺬һ񲻶ģǲǳҲȥ͵͵Լˣˣ
һ˵ȴһ˲΢ɫЦ᣿ֻʵֻּ̫࣬һܡ
⺬ֻЩԣȴԸʣֻ˵ǺãȥǾ¥һЪϢƬ̡
¥ҪϷ⺬Ľ룬⺬ȴס֣ӹĽ
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ţôȻ㹧ά⺬Цҿѽʮֲᣬ࣬ʵѵһĺñžȻ˴󷽣Ϊһĺý
ǣ˵Ĳ١᰻յѽʱŲʮ꣬ʱʦΪһѽȥطҲûҵĵġɴԼѡϣίпסʦΪҶһѡ
ôʦ𣬶ƺмӣ
Цм̸ϣʦǫͣеӶһͬʡΪСʦߵԵʣһЩʱãʦŮһ㿴
ŶȻˣ⺬Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ἰ˫ף
Уࡣֻ֪Լոճ֮ʱ˫׾徣ҴСͱʦȥȻδ˫׵棬ȴҲ˼Ҵδùµ֮Уȴ쳾һУ˴˶һһദ
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͹٣ľơרϾƵħ˶һֻ̣ЦӯӯȻδ룬һ˴ҴҹＸ䣬һ̳ʱڵϣˤ˸ϡ顣
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ħ˹˲õǸҴҶȥסһʵ˺£
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ħߺֲֵɽͻȻҰޣ
⺬ȴȥ
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ĿԱɨȥֻҰǣ˫צһӻͷཹཱུţšһ׳ߣϺɫëˮһһصţƺѾ࣬һƬɫƤ¶ʮֶġβڵϣʱ΢΢ػζ
һƣδªҰޣ⺬ȴȻխĿռ䣬γ׼Ұޡ
᰼ǰֻҰתͷ֬һĺ׷˫ڶӳֳֻª
Ȼɽ̣
Ϊλڴˣ᰾ȲѣѿڶӦڸԨ̶𣿡
Ҳ֪⺬úõعţôͺȻ˳
ƺָȴ˼ֻ⺬ε𣬺ݺݴɽ̵Ŀڡ
ֻûһ㣬ͣסˡ
ɱסڷ⺬ߵץסŪôһ¡
⺬ѵ˳һغںѪҺ
ɽûнʳö˶˵÷Ȼ˴ϣʹصŭԼؿڣ͵س⺬
⺬ԭزֻ̼ӰΧס
ȥϼӿܣôܵġ
ǣħ𡣡


82
 ǻص޵֮󣬷⺬˵Լû޹Ъ¡
ᰶټڣ ΥĹһ֮СڴϣĽһԣ ɫĽ
뵽յ飬 ̲ס롣Ҫ˯£ ȻȴȻɽһֻС ͣڴϣ֨֨˼

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޹һ·ǰУ ֱδһϤӰ
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ʦ㡭͵͵ػ
᰷ Ȼеʪ󣬵ͷһȻһѪ
ˣ
ȴӦֻס֣ һ
ϸһȻǽ
ǵãͷԭֻĿٹ׽֮ʱ ѾҺʴ֪Ӻδһֻ
ʦ㣬Ҳõʹɽ̣׽ ƾĹ һһʧ
⡭æһߣ 㲻Ǻһ ôԼˣнɽܳ飬ô£
ʦ㣬ɽ̡ҷųģҽԨ̶ʱ桭ȿȣ˸Ǻšֻϧҹ㣬ûܼʱƷˡʱѾħ֣Ĵҡðչ㣬Ƕһѣ㡣
⡭¾ɡѵ⺬Ҫ£ѷ˭ģֿԼǡ
һʱң֪˵ʲôãֻȰ޹
޹棬̶ˣʱѪֹ뺮̶˿ʹ˵ѪڳȾԣһᱻֵġ
תͷһ漴Ϩ
ʱֻ⺬ſʵᰣ˯𣿡
᰼װѾ˯£ѵģš˵ʲôҺ
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⣬һͷ˿й£֮˺޶ƺ˳˯
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ƺЩӴ֮΢΢̽Դ㲻ǽ£𣿡
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ңʲôÿģ߶һ䣬ȴ˵
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㻹𣿡᰼е̶ˮϴ
Ȼȼҹʢ͵ش󿪣⺬ܺͼӰ˽
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æ󣬡ģˣ
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һ䷢ʱѾʮвζ
ħ統ʲôط߾ߣһǵãսթ޳ܹ壬ڹħģôԼˣ
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̫⺬ֱŭ⣬ƽĶۣҿйֲʧ֮أ
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Ҳҵʦãܶ
һӰĴ񲻶ְγĽǴһӣӰ̴мϿأ漴Ӱǽϣֻԭ
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᰼״侲ӽӰˣֱƿڣڳһͨ
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Ҳǽƭȡҧ˵´ôʦȴ˺ۣ
ңǿɲŪģԼСģץɽû¡
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ߣΪԼʲôˣ⺬ƺŭ㣬СĻţÿÿΪ㿼ǣҶôãأȴٰĲɡҸӹϷϷֻΪȡǽ룬Ǹʱǲ͵͵ıĺʦôң
֮ʱݺݵضĿгʹŭ֮⣬һίʡ
ҡ޹ģӿһԵĸӸУԣ֪ˣ
⺬ǰ֪㰵ʦϵû뵽ĻὫЩͳͳҡԭôزֵһ᣿һͷβˣ
漴Ц˵Ϊܶɹף𣬱ս޲ʤΪƾԼܵйңҷˣ
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ˣȥҲκ˽⺬һ䣬˵óȻٻħ٣޹濴ء
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ȵعϣ᰷·ʧȥڵϡƺ뵽ʲôֳǣȭݺݴڵϡ
Ȼ޾ķӣԸԼ
ʦ㣡ȥ֣ؽڴѾѪʹҲã㣬˴¡֮䡭
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£áӦЩϺõҩȥҿ
ҹˣƣ벻ڴ˯£ȴڴͷһҹδߡ
ֻǱŽʶһһǽ롣

ˣָôѡǷеѡ
峿ſˡ̧ͷȥֻܰƽʱӦ֮˽վʰһ
ƽʱ˵ģ˿ȴһҲҿԼ˷⺬ķԸ
᰿ʵ⺬أȥĶˣ
ҧҧ̧ͷŰȥˣҪкüղڹС
漴ֵͷæħҸ˵
ᰱûٿڡ
Ϊ۲Ĳ⺬ŲԸԼҵ
ǰԥΣ̲סͷȰħֻԴжһġǸһܿͻתˡ
ûʲôӦֶ˵Щʲô
ȻŲȥѷŹˡȥʱħٶ޷ӦҲǷ⺬رµĽơ
Ӱתաϸĺǻ£Ҳõòˡ
գߺᰱڹһȴڴӰ΢΢
һæǰȥ鿴
⿴ֿȴʲôҲûСͷһֻ֪ʱ׷Լһö


83
˹ ׷ͷҡβͣƺǿġ
һϲ ˹ߵߣ 
 ò׷ɱӱߣ Ϧ¡бգ ϼһƬкˮ΢ ԡ
ƾżеӡ ҵһƬӵĵط
ϻˣ ·֮ʱ΢бӣ һǰһ˹ȥӰǳǳӰں֮ϡ
ӰѲǰͺͺģѾһƬҶӯӯ֮䣬 컨䡢Ȼͦźֲµһ룬ѵʢ֮ʱ ̨Ƕʮöӡ
ͷοںӰЪϢˮ֮УһһߢȰ˪˵Ŀ ժʮ࣬ ֽѾӷ׷С
 óħٻָԭ ߳ˮպãԼҲꡣ
ָ˪ǣЩߵʦʦǣء
ʦ㡭ͷеҩݣͷӿһƬӣ֮ǰûô嶯ҡ
ƣֹסĻף㶼ΪļһЩδ֮У㣬ֻҲǰ
ңʵ£ԥҲɾ䣬ղŵ£ħ֮ô죿
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ĬƬ̣Ȼ΢΢ʦ㣬Ҫ˵ͷȰһ䣬ħ֮ˡʵڲֵиġ
᰿һۣƺЩȡ
ʵԼˡҡͷҲǿħǲֻͬҲ˵ǰħսƵԣ΢ƽԺʱǨٶȳ˵ˣֻ֮ʱҪʦͳǽѲΪħУѳʦţʦ㣬ô֣ܲẦ㣬Ҳ뿴Σֻʦǰһ㣬һֱúõġ
лл㡣ᰶݣ˼ֻʱȻȴɼģΣҾԲ˺ʦš˺ͬڵ顣
ʱˣ᰷վûȥˡ
أ㻹ǲ𣿡
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᰿һֻ֮⣬ЩѰҩݣԼ򵥵ĵӣипɼ估ҩ֮ˣһóš
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͡׹
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ףԹʮֻᰵֻΪɰȥ˷ǡȥ廳˵¡
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ᰲɳĬһ㵽˵ʲô
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£ƣθɣ
ͣ׹˵޾һгģ⺬ǹþħ֮λ꣬Ӻᣬʲڹ࣬ʵ鷳硭
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ϾԴս֮ұˡ
ᰲɿ޾һֻۣѵ͸¶һֹ¼ţضźӰߵƺڻ
ȻƬ̣޾ַ˵ˣһǺ⺬ˡλһգұһաԺΣǧ˽ͬ˵Ļ
ҡͷʧЦ
޾ߺóöż㣬ⷨϸϸд˼⺬Ļһ֮У˨׷Ĳϡ
׷᰷ԸҸħȥːħ֮˷á
̾˿⺬˵ûħ֮Լշֻ࣬ûҵ벿ⷨβʹħ֮ˣҲǾˡ
׷ٶȼ죬һʱ͵
ԼȻһҪߵ˼ûҪټһ档
׷ˣ·֪½ǣƺҪԼͬȥᰲֶΣ׷ȥˡ
ǰħӳ֮ʱǴվ
վ֮⣬׷ףȥˮǶʮֲϰ壬ߺ⡣һƺ뵱û̫仯ɶ̶̲µĹ⾰ȴƺѾ˺ܾá
վ߼ף㵽֦ͬĸס
𣿡š
˺ܾãҲ޻Ӧ
룬ѵղɣǲڼң
ֹһ˼ţת뿪ȴȻˡ
ֻһ̫̫֦Ϲĸ
⺬˵ָܹʹʱӴٳ˹͵


84
ӣ ᰲԸᣬֻݣʵ ֻһڼ𣿡
ǰ׹ีӢ ڳݲش ȥˣ ҹ㣬 нƣš
ᰱȥ ƽĵط·ϣ Ѿҩݣ ±˵⣬ ҪΪΡ
ีӢһԼоȣʮּͷ
ᰵͷżĽⷨϸͣ ҩݣȴķӦ
ีӢ֮󣬵˰Σ ʲôرӦֻߣӣ۲ۡ
ʱмļ󣬲 ۵ȥࡣ
ีӢһ Ǹˡֹ˻ 侹δйһ㣬 ѾȫȻʧֻĹ⻬
ȻีӢȴԼֱۣ֪ǲãƺҲὡ࣬һʱҲֱҺˣҺˣ
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˫վ΢ͷʮְ۽ϸӼ⣬εʹȥһֻ꣬ȻȴԲ۵Ʋţޱ֮ʱƽԳһԹ޲֮ɫ
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뷢ɝǿŶ˹ȥֻЦƭң˵ˣǰȥֹ¡֪鲻ħѵ㣿
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ûС⺬Ȼұκ˶˽㣬㲻顣
ţᰵͷҲ֪ԭ뽫ƾͼƣ߽´ı
˰գᰲҲδ⺬̲סʵôˣ
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⺬Ȼ䱻ס һʱЩ޴룬ʵᰣ ôˣ
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 Բ ҴˡĨһᣬ һֱã Լһֱ㣬 Ϊ˼ɡҡҲ㣬 ˵ô˵ĻҸҪʲôԡ
⺬񲻽ʧЦĨһ֪ ͵飬һֱ٣ⶼ֮顣Ҳã ̬ǰǲܣίˣ Ĵˣ
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ļҲûãȫӰǶҲմȾõħ١ôȥ
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˪λʦòļʦʱίħ֮УֻȨ֮ơǻص֮Уһһʮظ߳ϣǱȻԹۡ
ףɥСǣôʦ룬ôΪԼ밡ҹ󣬴ʦôҲħˣħܰôأﲻ˵֪ܻܲ졣˵ˣħ𲻾ǿ
ʦ㲻ˣǴŲΪҪħ˶أ
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˪̬ţ˶ԼͬĿͶǽף档
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ף治Щ 㡭ԼҲ𣿡
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ﲻǽ֣he


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 ڷбطŴ
ɽƲ֮зɿ촩УһβͰĳۣƲ״
ʦ㣬 㿴Ƕɽˣף˷ܵ ǾͿҪɳħĽˣ
ᰳ¿ ֻԼ°ںձ͹Σ ĺХɶһϰΪľ죬 ֮УԼң Ҫȥ һɵ֮⡣
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᰿ڣ⺬ɫͣԹԵؼ Ŷ ˣ »֮ŵϰף Ҳȥˣпɡ
񣬡ᰴԥƬ̷ҵ˼ǣǾڵˣʦ֮СԣҪȥ
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94
ԣ Զȥֻ־ͷһɽ֣ƺңңɽµˡ
ͷ ɹֱ衣ǰ˼ֻ·һ׳ӣ ˫һ룬 ӹཱུغˮ
ȣ ȡԱһ곤ЩĸΪӣ ЦУ뽾
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˵գʹӹһõĴ׷Сķ
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ǰᰴϵĻȴס⺬һƳ΢ȴʲôҲû˵ֻǶ豭
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99
Ӱ֮У һӰűߣᰱһЦգֻӯȸ
ʦ㣬 þãǱ˵ȥɽڣ ҺʧһѲߵʦ㣬 ֪Ѿˣ
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⺬Ӵʵ;ã㽫֮ϣһ⡣û֮ǰǾͷȴֲֻᣬΪ˴Ĳ


100
⺬ 룬ԨУϰʯǶ ˡûʯϡ٣ ƷŸѵã Ѱܹƣ ƹķڣ ҲûרƵĴߣЩ棿
Ҳ⺬Ħŷ˿ ¶һ˿׷ǳЦ ƹȽʯרſɳ ת˵רƣ Ȼأ߼ۡ
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Ϊβܣ⺬ô϶Ϊ棬 𾴵ĳǻް˽ģ
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ߡ⺬ÿɷ񣬱תͷȥѰ


101
᰼ǵã Ϊ̲ϵΪʳҪ¯СĻҪȻֻĴ¯ҲҪ˿ ˿¯ȼ𲻿ɡһ˿ ̲ϱҪ겻ȣ ԼΪ Ҳֻһֻ
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102
᰼ǵã λʦľһǽޡҹ֮ʱҲйһ֮Ե
ɵúܣ һξͳ鵽ʶˡ
죬Ƕˣ ȿʼˣ˷ܵغš
֮Ȼ һھϿջص ƴ 㣬Ŵʽʼ
ŴھڵʵƺʽУ һĿ֮أ ǧˡ뱻һƬԲγأ ڵʽԡߴʱĽϣ űϣǵеܰء֮ˡ
Ϊ˹սڰ߿ɵ̨λһµƮڿУ ԶԶȥȺһͬĵԺƱ԰մڿ ̨ϵ龰۵ס
æȥ̨һͬǰҵĵѷ׷״к漴쳤˲ӿϯλ ֻտƮƮ ͬߴ
ܱߵѾ ָųϯ 쿴ϣ
ϣ쪣һֵ˵Ǳˮ˫ϵֻһˣˣһ棬ȴԸ
ǳտ䣬ݸϾʦ
ȻͷæͷȼһڵӷΣϿ⺬ǰ
㣿᰾ȣңæôˣ
⺬ɷ˵ߡ
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ͷһ׷һŻΣԵʮּɰ˵˽
ᰱëŪģôҲŪ±˷𣿡
⺬Զһʹɫ˳ſȥֻϯЯۣ࣬Ȼˡ
ŷġ
ŴȿͬһǳϱѱõĽ壬ԼɫͬڿһڴȵԸ꣬ڰ˵һԡ
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˵Ӯһ֮˽ԿͨؽһȻ˴ʱҲ֪ƱΣԵһڴ
᰸ȤȻû뵽ǳ鵽˵һǱԷǽʹ˫ȻߵǿĴ򷨣Ҳ֪ǻεֵ
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һļòΪʦø˲ѡ
һӮѼ̨½кʱӿһ˸߹һˡٶʾѺá
ϯϵĳǼ״׷Цſ̸ΪѸٵʤɼǸõͷ
տ䣬ȴҲΪӸˡæѾһԵҽ޵ǽȥΡ
󣬱Գָ򼸳Ӯȵ磬߽׵ʿ볡ȺԵñ绹Ҫ
˵ʲô￴ĲǸ߽ʿɱԾһһأֱȡǲŴء
˵ǰҰʵߵͲֻ磬˵һˣԽйԼ߽׵ʿҪˣǲŵǾմֱ̼Բǧѷѽ
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޿ʦˡ᰿ʦľ˿ɶȬ𣿡
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ᰵáܹгҲʮػһ
޿ЦٿʲôҰ湦ʹ
˵ϽɣʵΣȺһ
֪ȥⰻȻº޺ʵѲúܣЩľʿвԼеĶأһմϣ򱻰ס˿۲˵Щɵɥ
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̨ȴ˿ߣȵʦСģţ
Ȼ䣬޿˫ۣȻĿϮһʱ죬ʯ֮䣬ʶʹ֮ĿڴͨһƬڻһƬҽ档
һĿڣ̻Ѫ֮УһХ̼Ρ
޿ܵɣʱ³һѪɫ籡ֽҰ顣
ᰲ죬ҪΪʤų䲻⹥Ŀ֮ƫһĵطû뵽Ȼװ䡣
Ҫ֪̺ƶأܾѧΣʱ̶Ȼʹȫֱһ˼ʱָֽ̧̱ͷûˡ
״ϯ϶ʱһƬ˲ԣֻмýϽ֮˲ſ·ʲô
㾳ſųƣļ١ԭúõͽȻ䵹ز𣬵̲סվֻǰݲǰ̾
ҲǷ׷ײ죬᰼ǰڣʱȻһһտֽ̡
տȴһԲֻųϡ
ű֮ʱһֱй۲ᰵʽէȻʹһУȻøս˳εķ֡
һвȷſˮ᰼Σ֪޿˵ˣ־æ嵽ҽǱߣһãһã
޿ȴڴʱһ˿΢Цסʦãúܣáȿȣķڷ
ᰵ޿ʦȱ˵ЩѾҽΪΣʦɫתã΢ġͷһĨŷһ㺹ˮ


103
᰺޿һСС֮ ֹȥԣ˵עűתƿ
˵ĸ߽ʿԾиľʣȥ ѾЩƣֱۣһ߱ ʿȴ׷ֱˣ Ȼ˾
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ʲôʲô ֣ʦ㣿ǸֻнڣȴΪӦ˾ѧ̳˵֣Ũ
ʲô ôûŽڶѣ ʲôֵôģ
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һϦ֮䣬ӽͷ߷˵ӣԵôأ
Ҳΰ Խʤе飬 ҲֻڴϾ֮ˣ Ϊһ ѹԷһͷ֣ʦܱԪӤڵʿҿδءȿŰɡ
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˵ţĦԼֵĻ
ԴѾϰߣƺܸһЩССοһ£֪
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УֻԷŰϣȻһǳ΢ЦʱѣղΧԼûС
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⺬ֻһЦô֪
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ðɡ⺬˹ңĹҲһЩܿһЩŵǰңȷʵһʱвӵֲֻΪȻŻˣʵսϵ׻ǳԿûˡҿ֣Ũʿʹĸʲôңǡ
᰾˵⺬ȴθһƫš
ߴ⺬Ŵս
ʹģħ޹
ᰵһ̨¿ȥ
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ȵȣһӺȻӳϯϱ̨ߺαϣŴ̻ͣصԼó


104
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֣Ũͷһ˱飬 üͷѹһֱߣŲ뿪
ƻʱ֣ ȻؼǹעһƬŨڡ
顱һű紵 ꡣᰶƣ ǿŰ¹غá
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տ𷽲ùĲ豭иһССȱڣĵᰣ֮˸δòźأ


105
᰾þδ ֻת˼Ӧԡ
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һҹԵʣճϲδȫǰսƩտ쳽ȳϱ㲻ϯ֮ϡ
ᰶտλӣһʱ֪Ǻζ
ŴȵĳѾ²ãϴǻȻһ£Χȴǰ̨ͬϵ̸࣬ԻδʼȻһʱ
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˪һ֣ٶ΢΢
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˵òʦҲŴΨһѡ˵ڵʦҲǴ㾳޿ʦıʦ㡣
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ס׿νǰӲԽӭһСȻҲ޸ȼգȻϸ߽ʿˮһֵȥԼסˮ˿Ŀ϶
ԷӦѸ٣̱ΪԼһףɳԾȴȻˮΪУϱһˮɽд粽УǰԼƵӲʱһԷǵñ治ɡ
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룬ԴУԷϢսپǡպͷ⺬ٲߵĳ±ʹʹĽٳˮС
һˮкޱ仯Ե⣬ԭ⾻ͽҲˣͽˡȻһ̣Ȼ̣֪ˮоȻðϸСݣˮѡܿ죬ȶȾȻܣˮӯ죬̵ôæʩˮ
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ᰵļɽؾֻһˣ Ժн
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ԽԽˡᰲЩֱֻͨͨһּΪխȻֻ֮жȥ
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ҺܸˣΪ֪һվһߣҲֻվһߡ


108
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δԶ ȻѸ֮һᰶܲ类˳һĿӣ ðŵ⡣
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ңңһۣ ƺиӰԼڱ̨ϣ Լ¶һʤɫ ԵؼЦ
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112
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114
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115
¹Ůǣ ͣ㶵ؿǰһĻ
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Űǰ˺ӵƽŮǣʱҳһ̫ǴݵúܣƬ̣ ϾȻųһ˿ĵЦϸϸص
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ţǿҪΪβǿǿʱôһ̵˲䣬ʯӴĶͷ
ԭΪǰӴʯʱ򣬴Ѫ⡢֮УȻŽӴʯͷʱƺȴûָо
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ᰲ̾ϧúĥһ⡰ΰٲıϧű֮һָⲻʹ˹Ҳˣʯͷͻˡ
ȻߴһЩ֮⿴ȥֻ⺬̫ɽĿյϣǰǽɷ˵ЮֹһȺҵŮˡ
Ƕ̫Ů䵽Сãһʮˣʱһŵͷվãһ˪ӵ
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⺬ڳ̫ѵһЩ硣ȻвҲãǿ˵Լû˵ѡ
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ԺеˣᰵĿ⣬ȥ
ֻźȻ򿪣һ˱ϷԾ˽ִһȻǣһֻߴգǶһ綫ƺƵؽԺš
ˡ
ᰲ۾ϤգϤĺӣǵ⺬Ϸĺڵ
ˣ⺬۾ҵʮŮˣȴ׷׿Ƶģ
һƿһڵ󷽵߽˷⺬̫Բõı飬ȫȤ˵ģ⣡
˵գѸޱȵؽɫ̯ڵϣˮ顢˵۾
ĺ෴ķΧȴƺȻ˱㡣һ߼Ϊ˷ܻԾһǼΪ䵭һʱЩĳĬ֮С
ڵӺ˰죬û˲ЩԹҿĴ󻧣ǳģչҵ⣬ҵĶϼȥ
߰ɡûй𣿡̫
ڵۿˣòɽҪһˣȻ¾ɵشӱͳһ̫Ůǵ䣬ãϴҪĶػҪ
һڵǻʱȥһʶģϹ˵ʲô˭Ķ߿ߣ
һæ˳ֽǰ򿪵İϡ
ϧΪʱҴһƳĶᰵĽǶȶѾȫС
ǰ֮УװľȻһʯ


116
һ˲䣬 ᰶᴰ
վס
ڵӳһȴʮֶÿɫڣ ˼תԼǵĳң Ⱦܡ
ûſڣ ͱ˻
䲻̾˿ Ѹٰͷƫһߡ
ʲôᰵ 㣬ⶫģ
⡭ȻҴӸıĴ˵ģ ǴĶյˣ
ˣЦһ  Ųţ Ͻ
ᰣɡ⺬ƵڵǺˣ˶Դ
ڵһ æ˵üǣ
ȴ⺬һ䣬 𣬾öһܴʲôˡ
⡭ڵҧгݣ֪Ӳ磬 
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᰼ץźڵӲţȻʵ˵ˣǱãôȥҵЩĵط
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118
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˵滹ɵڲŻǸŮˡ֣ŨƲƲǣ˵Ϊڵ壬ʵΪ˽֪֪ڱ̨ϣΪðűֵķգҲҪʹħ幦սʤͬʦ˪֪뵱֮ģȴһֱѹͷֲʦŵԴΪǿʤңϧڴȿʼ֮ǰһ£˰ŪҵĽţֺտ乴ᣬȵӮ´ȵͷ
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ʦ𣬲տ䣬ᰴͷϧϧ
⺬̾Ҳ֪ڿϧʲôȦסˡ
֣ŨߺᰴüۣʮɥǺţҲʲô顭ѵĳҲԴ˺𣿡
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⺬ս֣ôһںǰԸ뿪һĵħҲԶԶӡϡ
˵֮һʱĿⲻɾþý
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˵˼ѹȴȻΪйһ˿ޡһίίѹ
Ҷ˵һˣû˵ѣʯҴɽϼģǴӺڵģ
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ɫʾ⺬񣬶˶䣬ϸֻһǽĶԻ
ɵɵƺ˵кڵǵڹ˻ϲ㵹ãֱ㶸ŰԼǰͣ˭ģɵѾͷ˵ɵ㻹ɵ
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̧߲ͷһȴһȻɽ档
͵صһŵŲħħ𣿡
Ŀתһ߿ᰣȥ֣ħ𣬻ħˡ
ᰲɿ˼ȴ⺬÷˵Ķȥˣ


119
ôҡ
ȻС ͷϻʮ㣬ȻҴСһˣԸԼͨã Ǹ֡
ȻȫֻԼǵס
ɽܸߣȻȴ֪һԿɽĴ͵أ ɽϵʱżȻֵģ ֪˭Ľ硣
Ҫҵģ Ǳ°ɽǸϿڡ
һǰĳεض֮ ɽϳֵһ޴϶мʮ׳ խȴʱ ɽϲҩ ضһ ̱طӣŵضȥû뵽ȴһͻķʯԴ˹ȥ
ʱ ǰһ߻緺׵գԴʹǱһ˺һ׹ Լһġɽȱʮס
ҷ˺ðȻصңѾʱ֡
ҲǴǸʱʼִǰӺڵżȻ ŵǿʯͷ Щһˡ
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ħ֮⣬Զɽ֮ڣһΧ⣬ʮɫǸͬʿ˹ά֡ԶԶȥɫȵոһ

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ѰһҴ򿪰һԶͳͳӽǵ϶


120
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Ĺâһʢһ֣ŨȴӲ㣬°˼ãǰ䣬ָ⡣

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⺬³һ䣬տɫ䣬˵ʲô
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ǵģ ֻһᣡ
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⺬أ֣Ũտ䡭أ
O@ֻɫҰִ˹
ҪԵԼҲֻҪ۾ȻǰİɫҰеϤ
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׹ô㣿ؿڡ⾿ô£
ͷ΢΢ſ־ĬĬƬ̣һ漴ŵҰë׵ıϣȻůĸɲϡ
εһ֮ʱȻֽѡ
ӯٺãҹϸչ֮ᰲЩȴȻܶûûҹֱ֫ţֻԼҪɳһ߸ʬؿڱͳһ󶴣ݶôҲ޲õһطʼںعŷ©꣬ʴǵ⡣
ҸģҲջȥ
֮ǰտ˵һ仰ûûҹԺл졣
һİ޽֯Ļ䣬ֻѾ̫ۣǰߣմȾϸֺ
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Ϊʲôûأɻ
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ᰲԹԱֻۡӯ̾˿߳ȥŹˣŻ۾
տģְôһ˼ĵط治⺬ǿ϶ҲΪѾˡΪʲôһػšգһЩͷʹѪӲд񡣱ϾѾ죬Ϊһ壬ܽΪһϢ
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ᰳĬرһ۾ӯ̾£ʱֶ治̫ƽľ䣬һһߣҲʧɢԭԼɽһ˹ЩֻҿܣȻҲʿĺۼ
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룬ûӯӦЩһߣֻ񡭡
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ᰵϸ˺ĲҶӯصشժõαװԼҲһ£ԶԶȥܵĻΪһ塣

ӯ˲ͷϵĺоϺˮĵطϸܵ⡣ͷ˿Ĭŵᰣϸع۲һȷûʲôŰġ
׹ֻҪ߼գǾƹɽϾǱߵĴˡӯȡˮң׹ȿˮɡ
ˮҿڳһȪˮ촽鶯һº
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࣬ı졣»˵ģЩĵĵ񣬱նݳһ
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һ紵ֿʼͿȣԭؿڱĲҶסʱӲ¶ദȱǿ󶴡
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ҪҶ˻ţΨһİ취ȻεϾأᰵҴӦ㣬֮һ취ŪģΪߣʲôʧ
ӯȰ˵Ϊ棬ƽ
ֻû˵ڵǣģԼҲ֪δΡ


124
 ̣ӯһ
ĽæҶƳɵĿΪ
Բûƺá
ǰĻʱ΢΢ȥ룬 ʯһȴƺ̫һ Ǻؿơ
 ûµġӯ ׹ Ҫ㽣𣿡
šרĵؿŻеǸĥҪӡԭռһʿǵĽ ϧ֣ ɴԼһѡ
ϧйѺý Ѿ Ȼ
ѳΣȻЩֲڣȴϤӡ
߰ɡ
˵ӰС˰Σ ĵİӰֽƬ֦϶ﴩ˹ƮʿڵصʬΧ
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ԣһһֻӰ˵ ⲻζͬ
˵öԣҲ̫ϸӰһµϵĻҽǻҽ
ħ˵ˣ Ҫˣ Ҫʬϧ ʬ嶼ûС
ħ鼫 Ϊ˴ֻ֣ѹҪ˵Ҳˣ϶ֻǰ
ƹӰ񣬲Ӱ
ҹ̣᰺ӯ֮󣬵ִϾرԵ
ϴһϾҪͨ®ɽ硣ȻϴʱȣȴеԵĲͬ®ɽԭһˣʱȴؿҹһһͨ
ڹؿ֮ǰˣҲǷͬѰĶ࣬˶ڣһսѵ
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ӯͷϷ֮ɫ̫ƽǴ̣ĶֻǰաֻЩؿڲЩʲôأ
ǰȥɽ·ͷܶ˺óĶ飬ڻǰƶ
ֻˡӯǰ̽̽ӡ
˰ʱңǵλǰ࣬ǰȴȻҵĽ¡
ҲǹģϣôŮɣ
Ĳҽ漴һ첲˳Ѫ죬ѺȺһѸٿʼɧҡ

һ˵㣬ȴƣľ塣
Яʯչ֮Ļ⣬˵аϣʶͽʾڡٷ˱ǰ
򶨵Ⱥס׷һ󣬲ŽֹЪָֻƽ
ԣüͷȴʼûзɡ
ӯǰĹˣֿᰣŬźµɫ׹˵졭ʲôʯǲǾǡ
Ŀ⣬С䵽ᰱҶסĸ첲ϡ

̾˿ӯȻǲҪһˡ
ʲôӯɫ𾪣ѵ㡭
ȴɫƽҵģҲ¡
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ղŵĲ״Ϊ֮ʮֲģŮˡ
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ᰵĶ䶯˶ƺ׽ֻƬȴûʲôӦ
ߵǰˣϾӭ飬ᰰӯƣԼȥһ·
αװɷ˵ŮȴȻ
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ҹ˵ߣָķ䵽˵ϡֻһ״ʯͷ᰽·΢⣬޺ģ
Ķģ˵ɫΧ
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ȿȡ
ס촽λˣⶫҵġҲһССˣսˣ֢ҲΣ˵Ͼмҽ𴦲ͬҽ˵һԵġ̽˵ֱۡ
һšʿ뷲˽Ȼͬоƾ϶ǿߵͣһ֪̽
ҹԭʯɢһ³׾ѣʿ룬ǶȻϷŽġ

ǹ˴ɫʱɲνѪȫ˵ǽһҲΪ˵ЯʯܲǶӰ죬ֻ»̱ж
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ӯҲ˳ͨؿתƵԨǵĽֵϣͿһ
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ʶס첲üͷ΢˼ֱ֪ϵҹߣǰ˵֮£˶Բ˶ߡҲ΢΢Щŭ⡣
ԼĶ͸Լãʲôңң
˼״Ź֣ҧšᰰӯƿԼֱܿһ
ѾѣȫƺΪղŵĶѸʧվѡ
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㡪
ŮҲҳʦܻǵĶЩ㲻
δ䣬ʦ㳤ֱֱ̳ϹעʮʮѸܱ֮Զγһ֮ƽعһͷ硣
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˵ʵ᰷ǳ֣֪˲Ϊϧ˥ˣ޷⣬ܲ򵥵һ̡
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׹
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תǰֳһȴʮĮĲ
ʧ
תͷǧϣѵõƿһ˲ųһǳν൱Ѻõ΢Ц
Сѣּˡ


125
ȣ ʪ챻᰸оԼˮ˳ Ҫһ߸ʬƫƫˮ뵣 һɲҩŨζ һԵؼȫëף ܡ
ҹﻨĳõһҩ ΪרŸһСҡ
֮⣬ĵش ʧ࣬  а֣ ҪʩƳԶ֢ҩģΪ㲹壬Ԫ
ſڣ ˫ɬǿ³һл֡ȴֵȱŵл ҿû˵ҽ㡣Ͼû໹ܻģҲǵһμ
Ȼô˵ĶȻػһȴƺδеʮ־ȡ
˵ķ ұԤϣ տὫϡϧŮѧղ ֱֻ׾ӣ ƫƫ㡣ȻҪóˡ
ǡտĵӣ룬ͼıǳҲϷŹ
ˣ˵ģ䲻ϡ棬ҲѲ¡ɫ޲Ƴһĸ첲ʯʱܽȡ¡
𡣡᰽üͷȥһ֣һѵϸ
𼱣δһ¡ĵԭݺᣬϢǿҰǱܵѰǿܳأôʱһȻᱻɡʯһγɿ֮ٳƽ⡣
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ڵ塭ܻãᰵȥ
˵ҡͷħ֮вҽʦ֢ܶ÷⺬
Ҫҧ´ϵطԵ֪һš
ŶΪΣĴݵȻıУ¶һ˿ȣѵΪ˸ϢΪˣӦù
ĲʱɣСڵ¶ˮҲûôŨˡ
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ҳϣڸոձϣʱҶ˼ǣֱ˷ĵزÿ֮ǰһ¾ǵڶ̼ͺˣܿҵҾͺˡˣѣǰˣȻΪˣãǰʧȥˣѾһ̣Ӧ˶ãȻٿһء
ħ𣬻кܶҪҲΪԼֻǵӣڳޣʲô¡
ϧϵ¶̫ӣ̫ࡣ粻ֹԶûƽһ졣
Сһʱʮְµһβƺص
󣬽Ųˡ᰽ŵлǲƼˮ꣬ȴҡҺת϶ൢüգȻ߱ҲܣǺĺѣֻ֮󣬶ο̫ѹִڳޣҪĵػϡ
˵ᰲʡ˵֣Ѿû࣬ǻȴԸоһʹ·Ƕ糣һźԼ涼ˮ
Ҫû㣬һԹ԰ģ𣿡
᰽סһͷȥ
ƺҲŬƺеʱȴһ˽ŲײײسһӰڻ
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һΪҪһʧȥˡѵ¶һ棬ίСĲ䣬ããá
Сرţֽáַȥ˵Σƺһ᰾ưƮߣֺڰοٵԼ
᰾ϲ֮࣬ȴЩĽţ岻ԾǰṰЩתͷһֽӵ飬̬͸Żرܡ
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ҹ⺬ָǰ죬ҪΪ⿪½ԡȴס֡
״⺬û¶ֻ߲ɫֻ˳ְַס»Ŀڵλãظš
΢΢ƫͷȥҪŲ
𶯡⺬ü𣬡ôԸ𣿡
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ˣ᰼𣬲һѹôͶĴˣ롣֪һֱңܺãҲδ㡣ֻΪ̫˼գִ
ˡ⺬ϣβʪ󣬡ģȴʧã׷ԸԼܣҪһֱúõģƽƽǱ˴˶Զ飬󡣲ʲôģ㣬Զ㡣
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⺬ȻһȴǼʲôµ£Ǽϧʹ
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⺬ͷ΢Цһֻķ˿κķӡ
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⺬ʧЦ˳ŵȻأ֮Ĵ£ȻҪرģô˵ҲҪôǺ˵ùȥ
ǡǲѾ𣿡
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ᰱЦ˳ԭҪĻرҵĽ/
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ԣհô֣ǻǶ첻Яʯʿ˽
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⺬ûз֣ʼӴʯֻ»֮ȡԷкȴδԳʲô֮
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126
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ӶవƣзӳˣƺɢŭڵĻ᰻ȥֻ֣֮



127
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ŵĴҲǽŪġ⺬ ѽ߰ ҲѡԼˡ
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ǡ𡭡
˻Ƶš⺬̧֣ۣǻĬȻ;
౻һ
ۼ⺬һѪ¯ķߣƺҪֱȥˡæסĸ첲
ħħҪסѵ㰡ħ嶼Ҫأ
Σ⺬񿪿ڵǻҶҪȥһ档˵𣿡
ǰǰԵúء
໹ûü˵ȴ䲻һŮЦ
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ŶҲȫȻǡϾ㻹û֪ǻտҡȣηģһͬһΣţ
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˳Ĭؽ̾ǻ𣬵ʱô˳ԷԣϼּӲҪǲɽ֮ʱûǻŻȥ˼


132
ɽ 
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ǰ桭ҲͬϢ ȴʯҪŨصö࣬·ϵҲ޷֮ȡ
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ᰲسһ̫ˣζţѾɹȡ˱誵ơ£Ӧߵ·ϡ
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˵ʦ㣬ˣִڣġΪҪɱ㣿ֻ㲻֪ͼȴͬĳ˺ϻԽԽ᲻£ԲŻΪǻޡ
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137
ʱգ Ȼⲻ䣬ϴʱľȴȻͬ
ӳõĴ֮ǰͣסˡ
ǰеͣ׶ѶϢ˰ɫһ棬 ˺޶룬ã Ƕƽˣ ҲѾڻɽ·ϡ
פƬ̣ иӦ ǰſһ٣˽ȥ
оĵģ ¿յ Ųţ ƺûˡ᰽עµ ǰߣǰһ޴֮ȴȻסҰ
̧ͷȥǡһ˸ߵĴ¯
ǰըٵһ
һͻأ ᰵȻһ𣬱һӰĴӺת
տȻһȾİ£Ų߽ ͷĿ¯ϣЦŪĵطҶѾһһ޺á˵ СʱŪ˶ ܵǰޣ һߺ㣬 һһƬһƬز
ŭӿѿڶʲôʸ˵ֻ
տȴܶ𣬡ᰣңˣ㾿Ҫص𣿡
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˵ҵͦģտͣһ£㣬ôһλģ
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ס䷺ĶĸУ㡭֪һ
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ʱ˿ֻ̣Ҫһڷɶ𣬸⧲һȻտƺ΢Ųתǰķ¯棬һ٣յɿһЩ
ᰣǸ¸ҵˣҲӡƣⷨ¯޺úȴǰһǧöʯһձ齨һ֧Ʋɵľӡտ丧¯ŲǷǡأ
Ҳǻ𣬻һҲᷢʲô漣ЩʯͷͣҲͬʱ˳΢ɲտŲһ㣬Ĳӷ¯¶
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ѡտȻûôȱһʱ򣬻ȥģǺܺðɣڹؼʱ
۵һտָ㣬һöɫʯͷᰵ½䵽ϣ̡
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տɫأҲٽػɨ֮ƬƬѩ黭һԲǰƾվ۳һˮ֮ٲһˡٲֱƣտŵÿܿ
мףտ䷴Ӧ䲻ӱϮЩķҡȴӰֻһƬ𺣡
ᰣñ¡ұѩˮڻڻжʱΪտȴȻңȻпɽһ꣬Ľ棬ҵûۡ
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󣬹ƽ
ٿһֳֽһ촽ŵĹ岻ظѪͣشָӿĨһ£°˲䲼Ѫۡ
ңĿѾɣտѾײڻ𺣵С
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ٽֱտסãͻأؿһֻ׵֣ѹۡ

ᰵĺзŬ
տЦˣᰣƴȫģǿɰᰵɫǺ죬Ҳû˿
ϧڶԵ˽ⲻҹԴ󡣡տһ˿䵭漴ȴһתºɣĵӵķϣҿٸһᡣ
ָǿ鱻ڵϵʯ˵ǰ
տЦʯͷ㲻ֱӴҲܸе֮ǰһǼΪϸġңĶԲԣôղΪʲôûأǲСǣǹд󣿡
ͼŤһߣȴտָסֵֻͽȻ˼ܰװ˷ѣɣ¸ҴҸһɱҵĻᡣ
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Ȼȴ߬۾
У˪ĳĬ
տһһ㣬Ҫ
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տͷװʲôװô겻һʼͲ˵ףҲĽô˵⣬ΪҲɱ㣡
Ц᣿㲻ɱΣһʲôֱ𣿡
տŭǷһĨݵǳЦãܺãҾԸ֮ǰһе֪
˵գտſᰲ֣һöȡ֮漴һŬƷŭһ룬̯ƣƣʲô
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˵գһŪͣ׶ᰱеԼϵһش֮Уտָ΢дʹ
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һ뵽ͭ׶ǣǽ˵᰼˺ƺ仰
տۿɼظӸ˺͵⣬ģ㿴
һӣǰһˮӳȻ龰
㿴ЩǣҶǵŵ𣿡
᰼ˮпȥһȴֻһƬ⣬ֻʿȫ֮ʱŻֵġ
һ㣬ſЩɽϤסЩȫȫűͳһžڷ֮˷һһŻҡ
᰽ŵĿѰ˵ǣЩ׶ڣʱû֮ǡ
˿ӿһԵķŭ
㾹Ȼþͬɱ㻹𣡣
տˣһЩˣҹϮڣҪ͵誵ơߣΪҲ֪ڴʲôܰװԸ
νͬš㿴ǰѶԷͬˣͲһˡ
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տЦ԰¾һŤתսֵĻᣬֻ𲻴Ӧ
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ЩͬһˣѾ֧ڽڰˡֻҪͬ⣬߶¯ϢȼЩʯұ֤Щʯ̾ͻַǣǷΪʤŶˣûĻ澹ȻħˣǺǣҲһˣز⺬ʮѹħҲװݵİɡ
ᰶȻܾ
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ʧˮеĳҲ˱仯ڣһտؾڵʿһǴɽħƻߡ
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տ䲻ܲˣֻٶˡ֣ʹȫӿʮֵľӭսǿС
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һ֣Ũ׶ͷʱʱڻɻǶɬһ˲һտ̸ӺϮ֣Ũǣæ㵽ӵ˪֮տȴãһͱ˪Ĳء֮£˪˫ۣ
⴩ض֮ͷش֣Ũļֱӽ˵ϡ
&*֣Ũ񷢺һ䣬סѪעտһ෢ͻϮȻ̣Ųһ͡
տ͵ػͷ׹֡ɵһʣµһͺýˡ


138
Ȼ⣬ ڻսͣѾ˽չ⾰
ԭ֮ҲɱѲ߷֣ ȼս֡
ֻΪ·Ϊݱʱ ȴߣ ڵֿʱԵšӦԣ ǰʿݺݴһ ֱ࣬룬 ӡ
˭ȻһɲѰϢ ˽ˮһ㣬 ޹ʾ䡣ֻߡһ죬 ǰǵѾֵʿҲȺ࣬ڴŴ
͵ۣǰֵһħ 漴һƮ˻ƣȫȻ˵ɤ ȴ͸һ˿ѵõĹػ㻹𡣡
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