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2顶֪ħħ𣬵ʽ׷ޣ
3У԰ġ䲻ϢءУ԰ģղضһ㡣

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1 
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С﷭˸ưһγ˯ȥ
͵׼뿪ߵʱȴʶɨһ·䣬Ȼβ¶һССģë׵β͡

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һλŵӰ۲ʦһһ֣ʦȻǸ˪ģʲôط̫Ծ
֮ǰ˵ͬţСţعʦ㣬ɱ˵ˡ
ֱ¹Ⱥɽķȥʧ˵⣬΢΢գۣ˵һڰɡ



2 ˵е
һֻ÷¹յ¹ߣ˷֮¶һ˿ǣ̣˵ˣǻ᲻ᱻ߰
¹ʵҲ˵š
֪ڵƽ︺ճ񣬽պͱߵһֱڵ
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3 
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ۣϸһߡ
ҪȾŶһëŵмЩźֱúͰҲ;Ŷһɰ
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ߵҶϣḩѧ÷¹ȡůСѹڶƤͷС¶ȡ
ܸܵС߱ڽů
ޱȵ壬Ҳ𽥻ָʶ



4 Ҵ
ܶʪͨڣܵش
ëͰɢϢһǿЧ
ħӲħ˼佻ħԨ𹥻
˼սʧһһʿĵرĽ󣬸ڴЭ飬һͬǿѹħԨ
Ϊ˼Ψһǧ޵ߣȻҪ񡪡ǰħԨĴҪۡ
ħǱǲı޷п˵Ǿһ
ʵҲȷˣħ·ܹ֪̽˼Ϣһ㣬嵥ǹƥǰʱħԨӿģħӡ
ĹֵǱ⣬ͬʱҪ۴£ԵЩˡ
һĶü䣬ɹۣɷħԨĹȴҲصˣòħ˳ȥɢ䵽˼
ش޷άΣֻܻСߡ
Ϊܱ¶Լʵѡľһ˿Լ͵ڵԴأҲ⴦Ͽڡ
ڻ˯ȥǰһ̣оԼ˱ˮҲ֪ԼΪ˹ȥΪʼߡ
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ԼŤŤһţůëţëļƽţŪӲƬ
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壺
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˳ˮۣԲӦ䣬ȻСһΪһͨһСҲ޷
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н˼ţȴûע⵽ë׵С˹
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°ͲֻǰͷĲλ䣬ȡ
ͿҪ˼ޡ



5 ͵
һֹǰֻðСڵʱ÷
ۿСһҪͷԼˣ֮£ֻѡͷԶ롣
ſڣȻоСƫƣתȦ˳ȥ

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ԣһ£ǰֻΪСûб߽УڲŷԼ
ڶУһƷص÷ʽǲԼζ
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ССߣﻹмң˾ͳЩҪȥ̻㱨ѧϰˡ˵ֽצӸСߵͷ
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ܻúɹɹ̫ҲҪߵ̫Զĳ˵۵ԵЩ
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ԴϿС⣬ǧҲؾСһʮϲ
ʶоĬھΡ
ڰУһɫ뵣ŻҰɫ˿ʵ۰ڱ䵫ƽʯ̨ϡ
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ε崹ë׵СССһֻûС۳
ôСëھԼ
˳ָñָڰ͵ƤëĦ
ոճԱİ߶ƤĹĵģٲȻһ̰˯Сֶģ



6 
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˯İߣкȻһ뷨
ոС裬ԼҲǲС
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Ȼ߻ۣе¡
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屾ֱɼȴסˡ

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ûϿڣ򶼱ˣ
϶߲ʾҾǸƽŲƽϡ
Ľŵվñֱͦø߸ߵģȣҲè
ΣϿڵ˭Ǵͷģǵȱ磬ѵ͸˵Ƭص𣿡
СܽҲǾɸѡĺߣʲôʸŴǣ
˵ͷͷǵ
ɼŻۣǰµĸ˺ͰߣҪһ㡣



7 ط
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ţˡ˵⻰ߴͷ­ĵԼĴ
뱣Сߣֻǫض˵СȵҲԣС޹ģǲҪ˺òã
һأߵžžવ˵ϡ
ڳĸǶסˣǰߴǹս͵͵ʯ͵ϮߣߴǾǿǿӣûô޹
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ѿɼʶԼݣ֮ǰϷ뱣ԼͰߡ
ۿҪˮɣԹλ׷ᡣ
ΰ߹Ȼд˵ģȥӰߣʱʱߡ
ȻҪˣͰЩһˣ



8 
ΪռԼΪǳʤ׷
ʵϣȴڵôߡ
ҹɼֻǼڽ尲ŵԼߣûмƽϸ԰Щ¡
ȹȰҪɡ
ԻعæŤӰߵıϻ£ϵǰķ
ž
ӱһ£嶼ֱˣ㷢Լ޷ǰн
žȵͷצѹβϡ
ڸʲô
⺢ôëꣿ
С߲Ҫߣѿڶ
ɸ˵⻰֪Լ뷨вͨ
ųСߣ϶вİȫСںҲõѡ
뵽ʣµĻʺͬʱҲͣж
ȴֹϡ
ðʧԼβأ
˻˻β졣
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һһ⡣
ţϵؿŵ۾ԸСһܷ
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ر壬ȻϿɰߵȴ֪Ǹµĺӣϲǳ¶ˡ
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һͷĸǿʼɪɪһʱҲԶԡ
֪ӸٰߣżӼʯͷ治ʲô¡Ϊɼ˷ŭ
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9 ʦߣè
ɼԥ
νؾһЩ߳ʿԼΪʵռƽеС硣
ʵ粻ͬؾеȶԽߵΪ;һҪ
˻ؾ޷Ӧԣҡ
ģзִ硣
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ǣСΪôͣΪʲôܹؾأ棬طʡ
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˵ʵֻûʵ˵
ԭ⣬Ϊܷؾϵͳؾ֮ӭء
ԭˣ˵ؾСߣ۶ų˹â
СؾܹȫԼܽȥ̽ǲزסЦ⣬˼֣ŷģֻǽȥСߣһСĵģ
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ЩⶼòӦȴѶԽ񷨵㺡
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뵽ͷһζ
ͣһϢ߻شߵ⣺ҪԵ
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գ㿪ʼȦ˫ȣԱԼ׽ͼ
屻Ķ컯ˣӰĶƤ
ܿѹסɳ嶯æԼƻķ
ð߽뱨ԼʱԼ͹Ǳһʽ֮⣬һ°ߡ
С˵ҪŸκˡ¶Լڡκˡָ˭ðԼ˼
꣬סŲ˺󣬸һξ롣
üѹͷ£ɻҺ͸岢ûǣ
屻ߵĿɰģûϲֵֻ˻ƣС߾˵ģԼһ°ɡ
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ҹһֱȺվڶ棬ֻСʱ
ѵָС򣬶ԭأȻתͷСҲҪСװӣ
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10 Ƶ
һֻסߵƨɣһֻ˳Ƥëĺ󾱲
˳ָȻֱһָע밢ߵͷ­
ף߸ɻٴγ˯ȥ
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ݼŮӳӯӯһ˵˴ؾ֮ƵԸΪЧȮ֮
ҪؾˣƵҲòмӣ΢΢ͷ¶˺ƵЦݡ
ֻһԹشһ䣺鷳ˡ
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СߣؾúˣõĸΪˡ߶ţȻ̧צӻ£㣬Ҹ¡
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ĶƤѪḻһңѪ



11 
Сݺλ֮Ӷһǽ赲ԷĹơ
ʯͷ걻ɵǽסСſǵĲǱˣǸȺ
Ŀŵشһӳַǽһѯλ˵ĺѡ
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Сһתʯִһ˹
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ġŬŷǽ֤ҿԱǣеʱ򣡡
߻ҧأŸȺ˾ٵĶ
ʯǽϣžž죬͸ǽЩɶơ
Ǳߵʯӷ·ȡ֮֮һ㣬ͬһϮ
վȺ룬Űˡ
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ϸǵĺУжϳǵ˼ָʬǰߵĽ
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ϿȥгϺٰ죬ǿ϶֪£ɼȻҲе
Ϊʲô첻֪أ졣
ɫҰףߣȴûϵԼ˾
ɼûŹŮ𣺡˵ò٣һΪɥһûС
˭֪ʲôɥŲԣʼжΡ
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ⲽǰϵļʢΪʲô֪ɢΪ֪ܹɥĪǸɥʧס
ʱɫȻ֫һſڵء
ʹа޹ȡͬ鷨޿ˡɼǧһǰŭ
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ɼ֦ͷ΢΢δ˹ȡȷʵŭ塣
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13 
ǰһԼëȻֻȵСèȴסһֻ͵ϻأ
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Χ۵޽Ǿȵصһȥ˼ŵֱϧ
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Сʶ񵲣һӿγһܣ˰ߵĹ
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ֻΣֱӳ˽Сһ磬Χ
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14 ö
ڰؾ֮ôı䣬ҲʼˣԼҪ⣬С߰Ԩõõչˡ
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ֱͦǰһʵӡ
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ܹͨνĻǰľĿڡ
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˵⻰תͷһԾٴλص˵棬ȻվţȻƶ֮ǰ;ֱ֣ǰ죬Ÿһ飬ͷšᡯаΣҾͻСݲԾû뵽Ҳˣ
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عһߵСβҡεһ㡣
Цһ󣬽ɫ͵ĹߴҸ±𣬽ԼС
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15 ı
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СһͷԼϣС΢ţֱԼӣ崹Ŀ˵󵨣ֱӱ𡣡
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бģʵ̫ûסǺЦ
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Ϊ֪ߵĸǰǳħԨսС
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18 
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19 ͵Ϯ
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Χʿĸÿɶ¼ʧ̫鱦Ҷûоȫܳħ壬յ˼ħ弸ûѶӳ˷Χ
ӵӿе֪Щʱ򣬷ŭεռġ
˼Ĺؼʱ̣ǰһǰѡѳЩνʿԼļͱӶ˳ϡ
ʧʱʿûȥ׷Ѱħ壬ֲԼʧ󣬷Ϊ˭ִͷѪ
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ԾһϮɫ۵ǰΣ̧֣ͷųǿϸĽɫǰεǽɢ
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߲Ǳˣﵽ±߳Գȵİߡ



20 ʶ
īɫ,ͬɫȹ毺ãĽС硣
Ȼȴ̺ż
ȶ漸˷Ӧ,߾ǰ
ʯ֮䣬λӰתŲ,Ϯ֮䡣
գ۵Ĺ,ѾĿ,־,ʹ˶˺
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ȷѾǳ߲Сȥ
߸ϵʱ,¶ģ,ԷһòСߡ

ֻԿС,ûԵ,ԼȵβҲ޴,ûϸµļ,ֻһֻ˯õ߲ͨߡ
ֽ,ŽԼĴռ䡣
Ů˫Ѿ±Ȧҵïܺڷ΢΢ҡ,΢ЦʶڿռаοСߣƯҿռһ,ϾȥҰԨ,İԨ϶Ľûš
ʱûѹ԰ߵĻûаֻӦ
ûϸ۲߲߻бԭ
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ٰĳ˦Сܵװõһԡ
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ʱ壬ʶд֮ʱϵϿȣֻҪŬһ¾Ͽе;ѵİɹ뿪Ͽػ֮ۡ
ڵȻ֮ǣﱻܳһʱڣ޷ʹϿ˵ĺ·
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ߵץ˲ȷλã



22 С߷
߲,ֻǵСܱ¶Լץߡ
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߶žתһȦ΢΢ſΪЦ
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ЦӯӯԲԲ۾гһ죬һ죬㶯ǰݷع̡
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ߵԼ̫òֻһƿһС죬˷䡣
عڷ̴ľǰɫͣЦָָӣС롣
ߵͷĿбӵǰԣվڷعǰ΢Цݼع̶ʦ㡣
ع̲ûعߵĳƺЦ䣺Ѳؾ񡣡

һΣеЩʣûع̻תľ⡣
ͷӦ£תӣҲףֱӹѯʣع̶ʦ㣬Ҵ˴ǰݼʦ𣬲֪ʦںδʱܻ
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֪ΪΣع̵Ļºͣ꣬ȴһ㱡
⻰ȴع˼޶¡
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ڰͷĮһп壬и˼֡
뿪֮ǰšعع˵һԼգձڡ
˼Ƭ̺󣬰߲ٴοڣһ̶ʦ㣬źʱܻأ
Ҳ£쵹ҪԼЩӵܱٷܵĻԣ
⣬ع̵һ˿ŸһĻش𣺡պڻŵѡΣʱһ档
عˮ©Ļشǲ֣;ع̲عǰ㼤ڿȻعЩ
ߵҲЩֻѰŲĿġ
عʦ㣬һһ׮Сʣ֪ɷ͸¶һɫϿҵʵ
عǸЦݣ˵Ҷ֪޲ԡ
ߵõӦʣǰһ磺عʦ㣬Ƿһɭ֮ؾ
ʣع̻ûӦ帹ļȻ
ɭ֮ؾ
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弤ѣмŮĽεӺͰȿɰСص
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ɭ֮ؾؾʤԼƵźƵСı¶ټڵ֪ɭ֮ؾҲ
Ҫ˵ؾŮӱģҲǲɡ
ع̶ϵĲˮһںش𣺡ţʦعһֻؾɭ֮ؾֻʦΪӣƵͬؾһɽȡ
ͷһ죬Ƶؾָؾ֮㡣
㶼ҪȥɽȣǰԨСߣڣ
һ̣߱þ֡
ڣŸżһ˵ֱ̣ȥɽѰͰԨ
ҧ촽˼üͷš˴֡
鵹ع̵Ȥ
عЦݣһı飬óеѯʵ֪ΪѰɭ֮ؾ
Ҳʮ־ڴŮһԼȷݵĻش



23 ݷʧ
˭֪һֱǫ,˶ǵͽ׵һİߣʱʼѧع̵֮
ֻ򴽴,ٽعǱߣ΢Ǹعʦˡϲôš˵,ؾеɴػؾ
ֳ߱ģ,۾ðǰ⣺ʵ˼ѵһ,ǰ,ұܹǰؾλؾؾֽ֮һ
˵,߬ȭͷֳڱеľġ
,΢Щʧ,תһ,ǰ,Ҳ͸¶ʵ
Ͼɭ֮ؾĹϵͬһ,ʵ,ǣϿеĹ
عбڰ,úƵϸ۲Űߵ̬ԡ
ûʲôһչ¶Ц,Ȼý͵԰˵νؾ,лԵʿ޴ƽпռ䣬ǧеСǧһ,ؾʵͬС죬˱㲻档
ܶԷȰο,ֻѰؾͷ߶㷴
·ع̵˵,ϼıȥȡ֮αװʧԭˣ֮ǰˣлعʦ̻塣
ϣֵͷع̰һݡ
ڰߵͷһ˲䣬ع̶ϣ˶ԷĲм˿˿
Ůʵ˰˳ɵİգֻǾͱƴֽĻ
Ȳ˵ععǷŮԵǰݷõͨʿΪͷ˵Ҳһ롢һ룻¶һ롢һ롣
عϣϲŮĳν㵱ع̴ˣȲҲͬÿÿڱ˲עʱ¶飬ʵ֮Ϊ
ԼûвеƽѾԼʸλŮб

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Ѳ᷿Сסաع̺Ƶذš
ֻǹ𴽽ǣЦţһš
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վ̧׼뿪İ߲û˿ţڸ߲Сߵ
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ԼʩоԵģŵЦЦӦлعʦ佱˼гΪҴ񡣡
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߸оԼںͷ㷢ɢ߲СԼԴϵĲҲ»
ΧڵӲ٣һϽַ̧СߣֱС鲽뿪ȺԼ᷿
һĻڰӰ
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ӯ첽뿪ź˳ֽŹϡ
崹׼ͨ콫ֽͱĶȥ

˭֪Ŵšءһ죬߾ɱ˸ǹ
Ҿ֪СǸƢŭ壬һץסСߡ
תС߲ԼֱϣߣҴһȥҹڣ



24 ҹòر
廹δüӦ,ͱߴ˷䡣
ҹ̸գڵʯ,ͥˮӰҡΣˮ
߲Լ,ǿĺھչ¶,þ̽,ȷԼжᱻ֡
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վŵԷϵİ߻Ӷ˫,Էоɫ,γɴСһƮߡ
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վһװˣݣֻӿпޡ
ף飡Χףص
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ԼĳֶţǴ治
ɷϣʵδƼﲨתüۣʵ˲òĶ
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عصСУʦͽϵӦţ¹֮Ĺϵһ㣬ΨгĹذԳľء
Ҹڲʦͽϵ߳ϥǣ
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Ӽعһģһ
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ξʹ˽˳ֽУһ߽һ˼عع̣һɫһ̰ƣҲ׽еĿģ
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˲żüãÿŵӶǾǧٴδӱġ
ʦعͶʦع̣ǵ²λ
ǰµӣȥˣͬһͬμӹħжʦǣҪôսҪôŬкˡ
Ψŵµľ꣬ȲҲԪľơ
ڽǰ˼ȡռ״ӵλò뿪źΪ͹֮ϣƽʱҶöϥ*ίʲôҲֻܴʡ
ֻǣ߼ǵãŵӵξУòҲǰ
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¯ҪñߵϢȼϢ㲻ȼ¯˵¯޷λ˻¯ȼܽһĲ
ȼ¯󣬾һߡ
Ϣĵ򿪣źƮڵ䡣
˽ʱ¯𽥷ɫĹϵƬżȻ
¯ķʽ޲ĵⷽʽԵһգͨƵ鶼Ϊʹʡ
ڰ֮ǰ͸ľϵãľϵĲ֣ܵʹᱻᣬЧȴᱻǿ
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̧ͷΣҫŽɫĹâĵѱȫ޸Ѿͷų֧
ֻ޸ֻǿʼ뻹࣬ȫָǰ״̬
ԭߣҪ̬Ҫ
ƽά̬Ӵǰֵһ᣻ҪģԼӿĻָ
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Ϊ֮˴˼ռһνٻȥ
޸ɹʱҲֱŮʱ
ŮڴϺ󣬱һֱ壬ƽעŶԷ
ҲоСߵת䣬ǰСߴݵģ˳ȵĳ
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ҪհΪͽģ˯ͽܵĻ˵˵ȥᱻЦԼ붼Խܣ
ӱٴλصǣ̳ɼȦſ
̻⡪С߲밤Լ˯
С߻ߣ٩֮ǰֲû˯
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·ڻ԰ڵĴǰǻãһȻŴһ㣬һӽŵĴС
ǰߣ
ǸԼ˼ҹİߣ



25 Ѱɭ֮ؾ
ǿߵȻ,ӲϲɫʹѼ֣Ҳֻ°һ°ͷĻ
ߴСǰԺع̰ݱ
Ϊ,֮ǰ˼֪һҲӦصڡ
һţͿӦѵϰĵǴҴǰԺϡ
Щϵ۵ɫͬ,˷ɫɫ,ɫɫͳɫȵȡ
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ŮƤǰûдŵӵ۵İߡ
ҹر󱻵,˵㶫,Ҫ𡣡Լ,Ҳ˿û
Ȼж̵,Ǹ߰ߣҸȥ,Ͳ˵ˡ
,,һҾǸ,ʦˡ
Ůػһ,̤С鲽뿪
ڵӵĴ󲿶ӶʧУ߲ԴЦһ
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԰˵ҪҵԨ
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С߰ɡֱͷϵСߡ
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С֪سʵҪȥһСߡʮֿɰ
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š
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С߰㿴кڵľ磬һȹ߰ΪʦΣ
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ԣ˼䲻ްʿΪʦֻ衣ͷҪǿʦͽƣ϶Ҳ磡߽˵
߱Ӧб飬Ϊüͷʵš̫۾ͷüǶЩͻˡ
ݰΪʦǾܷ飬Ϊûϵˣ
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ʱ̫ĳΪ£ϾҪҲǿͷ˵˵򵥡
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ɵһħһɣʿʼƭµޣڽǰ¸ԣʳԶʡ
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԰ɡʯͷƺ˾裬еĿӶͣǸ̵ģô˽£
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С߲ӦߵߣεʣȻС߷ϡ
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ǡʲôԼĺ󾱲Ϊѵ

ŵ̧βմ±еĲˮ*д¡ࡱ֡
߿ˮγɵ֣üٴʣӦý㰢ࡢС໹ǡ
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Ϊʲô߲С߻а࣬ΪʲôдŸǣ
ʱ𵱳ڰĸɹ鼮еɼ
ԼʱôûòԾأ
͵վԼȰһЩյǰʵ࣡㵽˭



26 ֹʯͷǰ
֪ǸС,Ҳ֪Լཻضᱩ¶һЩ
ѸתƳϡɼּ²Լд˰ߵĻɡ
Ϸֻǰߵǿ,һǧʿװɵҲ
΢΢ͷԼ۾Բ,Ż谵Ĺ,ͫʷŵ,ڳһɰȵı顣
涢Сߵ۾,СߺȻ⸱ģһʱҲ
ⴺ,Ŵգ˿˿ߴӺصĴֽ͸䡣
СʱҲ۾ɵԲԲĸ̺,СԲ,ᵽ˵̺ŵĸ,˿̵Ķ컯ˡ
˺һ,߲Ż
ε,ٴγСƽȵӽǶԻ
ߵ̬Ҳû֮ǰǰ,ࣺ,Ȼд֣ǲ֮ǰиλʦѧϰ
岢ش,Ǽװһ,Դӡ
߱ɰСŵ,Ŭ⼸ϸ˼
С֮ǰβдֻӦԼ,˵Сܹ֮ǰ⡣
Сڵӣûһεʡ
߲²,᲻Լո˵Ļ̫ӣСķΧ
Сߣʶֶ𣿡߾Լ򵥡
ԣͷ
ЩƣԼβɷˣѵܷϲɣ
ʵֻӣСǷһЩ䡣
ȷС򵥵Ľ󣬰߿ʼƽ
Ǹʦѧϰ𣿡̽ʵ
ٴεͷ
ð֪ԼʦܴԼΪͽĻ뷨ǳҪ
Ȼߵį顣
ʦдίһҲУ
û֫ԻӦߣǵʹų΢Ľ⡣
ȻԸð˽ԼʵݣֻһСߣҲԸԶαװ޸֮
Լ̫ҫۣⰢ֪Լʵ
΢ʵĽɫâ͸ƬγϸС߲ʹߣĵСŶ
γһŹȦӳյůġ
ůĹâӳڰߵУ˼Ϣ
ǽϵʡ߿ૡ
˼Ƭ̺С󣺡ܽڿľ𣿡
֮ҪСߵΪ̽˾磬˵ǼǳΣյ顣
̽ߵԷ͵󣬾ܹڲֱӹԷ
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27 ̣
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֣߱ԴϷʵɵڱ˵˻أ



28 
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߶߶˵˳̣һŤͷߡ
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Ȼ·,˫۱ʶȼ,¸߸ŮͻŮһ۾ϳ
̨,Ů㵽߸Ů,֧֧
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Žʿܶƽʹ
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ոջ̨ɵƺͱ̨㣬̨ҲɵȻͷ˼
㡭̨˵ʲôȴվñֱ˫۾ƵĻֱҭߡ
תͷԻŮӺ죬Ǳȥˡ
̨ߵȺһࡣ
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ڰߵͷһҲԭȵĴСڰߡ
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ס壬һֻҲ̧֦ϣ뿪ȴǴźӰһ׹˴档
ɿ壬ٴΰ֦ԣſ˵Ҫʲô
ʱһֵӰҴææǰԺ˹
˱֡
Ϊ֣СܵǰʱѾ۵ˡ
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ԣɫҰףĿİͰͻӦߴˡŮӱȽϽ̫ƭ
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һŮӣܲų̃ɣ
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ָָ̧ԼıӣϸƤ⣬
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Ҳͨˣڵúúõģִͷ״˷ţȻҲʹһЩ򵥵ķ
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ߵĿռ󣬰һԼһµΪƷڽĵطͷԼϢ
ʩסԼϢʼ̽ߵĿռ䡣
ռкţգܵľǽڿήģˮǲɫдŰ죬ѹ֮С
üҡ˵ۣԼĲƱС
࣬һҪץңռ⣡
ǰ㣬˰ͷķ˿䡣
Ȼ֪ռ⣬ǰⷬ󣬸ħԨԵɭֱħʴһޡ
һȳζðߺ嶼̲ס
һһռȥ뿴Ũҵζ״Ӻζ
ԽǰߣζԽŨҡ

һǰͳһСƵĵط
һԾСӵʣڴһѰңһ
ɵ룬һ΢紵Ũҵȳ˱Ƕ߲㱻Ѭιȥ
СߺȻųһ⣬ڰγһɫֵ֣⡣
Сߵлæ˳ŸղζƮķѰңƼɢԴͷɽʬѻڴˣͷŮ뺢ӡ
߲࣬ĳޱ뱯ߡ
˫ɺ죬űֻ˫ŭֱ
Ӱߵڵ棬ֱֱЩɿʬ塣



29 ؾԩ
еŭԽȼԽ,ðǡ
ܵΧ¶ߣһ¾ͷӦڰϡ
Ѹתͷ,ֻ͵תͷ߸˦,һ̾Ҫ뿪ռķ
弱æסȥ·,侲ֱǰ
ÿ,Ҫȥɱνߣ߲۾ǿڱǶð˻,ٲȻһɱģ
ûã˦β,ڵдд
Ϣ󣬵ϱȡؾ
ȡ,еŭʱȥ
ڷ֮˵᳤ʱ䱻ʬԱ,·֮,ʬӴ,˿̶걻ڴˡ
ǳ֮ûЩε˵,ϿڵΪ,
βָָԼ
˵,ܳ𣿡߾ϲؿ塣
ĿⶢŰߣ΢΢Աʾ϶
˳ȵ,߲ϵһʡؾ
СʵﲻǴռ,ؾ
ʵսʱɡ
ΪռǸʿΪ仯С,ԡ
ܵڵĿռ,Եģζ,ռ䲻ͨռ䣬һģСؾ
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ٴΰעתصǰ˵ʬɽϣеط⡣
ʬˮγɵĸɱ̬ŴЩܺǰ־ı飬ܵ˵ĥЩԭǻָöô
ϯض˫ǰģʼ鱦
鱦ǵҵĳʽ޵߻Ϊʦɣʮλ໪[1]
˾ٻ޵߼ˣΪףЩ֮Դ
䣬ĵʱöƮڵĿռС
ʬɽл黯ΣһʻƾԼָ̬ޱϲ
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˫֣ؿŲһԾɵУǣǺͯڷȥ
һͷһܵؾе춯ͻ
鱦Ҳֱ
ߺ޵ҧݣЩаõģʧȥζܡ
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Ѿ˶Էʵѷ˷뷨˼ά嶼ֻʣܵıܡ
Ȼⳡսһ׵ؾ˼һжؾȻ־Ǳ
Ȼðش̺;赲ߣȻЩش̺;˰߷ֺȴӰߣ˽µٶȡ
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ջûеһʱϢһѽС߱ڻУʧʹ
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30 Ż
ۿС߱ɫƤ΢΢ķۺ,
ľϵѺľ޷֮ǰΪСơ
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ֱۣԼƺȽϵͣٶС˵õĽ
ΪСһЩ߽ƵǣԼƽڴϡ

ſڰߵֱϣõ˶ݵĴϢᡣ
ûãͷ֣Լڵ¶ȲûͣߵƣߵСҲúͮͮġ
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ͬ¶ȽڼĿȡ
ԼոմͻϵСˣС߱ȴҲһԣ߾ԼҲҪǿҧҧȥ
ֻҪܺԼһֺη

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֮Իߣ쳣״̬Ϊϵƽϵʣ³嶯ĻϵںаԵԼĽϵϵ֣Ҳӵ߽Կ޷ͣϢ
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ոջƵһУɵú
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һŮ̽䣬غҲҪȥٹǣң
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ϸ˺þòžȵغ䣿



31 1
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32 2
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ҵļǣǡԥһһ´ȻصҿԸ߹һȥҾԲĺȣ
߲ɱʵԼܾ˱󣬱Ҳǻȥ顣
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ΪϽֱÿǵĳܵ񣬳ֻ͢ųܵľϡ
ҪѰǳܣùٱѰ̨£ͳѲ˹ϵ
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ߺͱһЦҡڵվ˳ң͵ǵĶԻ
ԼʮȴһϮɫۣʮָǶĽָϹżʮ˶鴮ɵϾʩ˷ۣĨ֬ž˾Զ֮
ǿ˵ò˵ֲðߺͱҪվڳߡ
Ǹϰ֮ˣһϮװϻһͷѹ沿̫ܿò
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鷳·æѰˡͳл˵ʱֹֻƺҪչʾϵĽָ
߶Ĺҵͺá·ҲֻӦʣ֪λǺݣüͣ
ˡ֣֪͡⼾һ˵ƭ·
Һ֮ŮֻǸµǰٹǣѶδȻҪտŮЦŴ
ԭˡ·õ𰸣ֱ壬Ѻһ۽ȻǼѵŮһ·ȥٹΣ
ززءӦѸ٣ܾͬ磬ñ֪Ҹչˣٹǻʿ
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·ǸٹȺͬ۵ģӦֻǱĻƭˣʮ̨죬Լ潻ҲҪ̨ס
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Ҳ֪һǧûҵҵïʢĵؽ磬ôΪͣ׶Σʶ𲻳
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·ʢԶںԶٱ㷹
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СڡһϵһߵͷضԼ˵
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ҪǲܰѪ˳ٹǣʲô޼𽻴
ؽʲôˣҪ˶ˣǼʲôãԽ˵Խ̧֡
ҲϻǣԶ˼Էٴ̧֣Ͻֺĵϳʱһ̨Ѿͷڶ˭֪һգ۾Ͳˡ
Ҳˣ;Ϊ˰̲ŷ߶ģҲԼ˻
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˵£Ҳظʼϸ˼ǰش𣺡һμߣǽǽаߵŮ׸Ʒ
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뿴ˣͷԶö˵İ̼תͷҪҪô
ǰ߿ǸũźףԼʮͣͷߡ
ߵͷҲûʲôĻ
ʱһң˵ҪȥٹǣҲû˵ԼʲôˡּͣҲʮޱܶԸߵӡ
߱ǿ΢ţغһĬĬţǼǴˣ
ǣԴ˱ûټ޼˵Ѿ̽һħˡɫ䣬޼ߵĻת֣߿׶༪ˡ
ֿɥ׵һ㣬ᡭᣡ
׵ָһ⣺иƨ
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33 ıİ
ʵɡ㡱,ֻͨ뱻ʩ˵ڣ롣
Ƶˣǲ,ֻǳξɢ̬֮˵ķӦЩ
ʱ,ֻҪԽ,Ǿ
֮ԱΪķ,ΪЧ,ʩҪͨ¡
ħ޺а޻ͨȡܺߵ꣬ȡ겻ǱǱʳ,Զʧȥֻصϣʧȥ壬а޺ħҲŹ,ǻʹôӸʬ͵Ĺ,ʬƳʬ
߸̨ŵᱣ֤İȫ,㲻ʳԡ
֮,ת,кҲҪ뿪
ֻæסֱۡ
,СĲʲô,û취֪ظ̨ѾͷƤ,ǡ,䡭
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һóһ֧ӵ,ﻹ֣ţûõĶ
˵,ͷҲص뿪
е̨İȫûἾȥ
ôǧޣһһġ
ȥż㸺𡣡䴫ߺ壬漴תżȥ
бۿűȥıӰ
Ȼ֪ԼҲ֪Լʵˡ
䴫˵
ϤŵӦúúá
Ҳ˱ĻشʣڵıǰԲĻӣǰ̨ҪҲû롣
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֮ǰԴΧеסֻͣŵ̨ķͷ͵͵ϵֽ䡣
ֳª룬׼̿ڣʹ˳ȥ
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ȹڣ֮ٽһһͻȥҲκӰ졣
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ίίס۵ļ,ʵʵ߰ߺ壺Ǵ˶࣬ҲǼһװİ,ȥǵ״ʲộô
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ޣûиħͬ۵ĵڲ϶˼ϸ
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ԱĻΪ,ȴ϶⻰м
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ͳһҹǰ·ߴߴض԰˵ҪҪ쵶ն飬ֱӽһͬȳ
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ʩµĻþȥǰһĻĻõµĿ࣬Ųѡ

һӷļֱʡ
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ŵͷ۲ԼƬɫ
ҲԼʲôʱָǰɫû뵽߱Լ緢¡
һƬհף֪ԼӦ԰ߵʡ
ˮѹغţҵĻд֣ΪʲôҪһֱң



36 ߵĻ
屾ûøӦͻ,ᵽдֵ飬ǷӦԼܿڣ
ð֪Լ,˵ʵǰߵķŭֹڴˡ
,ϰߵļ,һԵؽͷڰߵĲӱ,üķʽ,ߵ
֪ݵƵԴĿɿڴؿС̬ӡ
ΪһѰɽͣһΪСߵ̬ڽС,˾*ͷСļϡţһĵǸʽ
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,Ҳļƻ,ֻǼƻϲϱ仯,ߵһ,Ը
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ƵɫĶˣڰ߶,ȴһΥ͸С
Ƶɭ֮ؾˣԼ,еӦС
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ôƵˡƵЦ֮
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еؾ֮㣬ﲻ࣬һʣֻĳЩʱչֳЦݣǰƵ㣬һòɣΪֹȴ̬üۼǴŰ˷Ц⡣
촽ʱעƵĶ
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߸ƵǰؾеĴ
ŵǰԵĺˣ߼еĻʵص
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⹬亮˵㣬һ˾סҲ㹻ˣСƵ߶߶š
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֪彫ߴ
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ƵһӣΪ޺ϵСһˮ¹Ɑ
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Դſĵϣһ˼Ÿΰߵ
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·̣ʵеŭ˴롣
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ѵ꣬ԨѾԼԼϿе齲ǣҲˡ
ԼҪ¶ʵһС뿪ؾƵҲҪ͸¶Լʵݣ
ơ

ߺƵͬʱڣԷҪջ˿еĻ
εЦЦ̧һ롱ƣƵ˵
ΪˣƵʵӦʰΪζٺѼ䡣
µ϶Ű˽⡣
Ƶ̧ˮл³ĻԨɳȥѰʦģ֪ô˰Ԩѽ
ԣʱ΢΢ת飬ƵֹţƵ˵ѣΪ˰Լ
ƵԨ뿪ؾԵɣȤ
ϿȱϾ˵İԨġ߻شƵʻ˵ԴߵƳСһۡ
ˣϿȱߣƵװȵӣ˼ǰԨûа֪֪
ٹħ죬ħɽȣջͻɭ֮ؾĽ磬Ӱ쵽Ƶ
ǨҪڣЩ㽫ϢӸ񰲵ǰСͷϣҲʲô¡
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˵껹С߻˻֣ԨԨ㻹ǵ𣿡
ƵĴ㣬ʧ䣬ôɰԼ˭Ȼܸ߱Լ˭
ǰƵ˸㣬±ǵõñ
ƵĻͷ󿿣װƵŵˡ
ǡʧ𣿡߰Űɵص˵
˰ߵ˳ٴļ
ǣԨƬɫģΪνؾٴλָɫʮֲʡ
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⡭Ҳ֪ǵ̫еı仯Ƶ˸𴦡
ע⵽ƵȻɫϷת˼źһ
ҪƼɵ׳ӵ˫ĳģԼҲҪ꣬һֻСè̬СҪƤƬɫıҲʲô̫ϡ顣
Ԩؾоͱ߲Сߣܹűģ
лƵ˵ǣæ׷ʵǰԨڡ
û˵꣬ƵеıȻϣ𽥱׺𾪡
ǽǸϴħ˭Ƶߣû֮ǰĵģ
ʹȡ˵Ļǣɫѿغ
ʲôٹǵ޼𣡡ߵش𣬡׷ɱؾģʧȥӰؾѳûм׷Ѱ
֮ǰֻΪǴħͰһͬͬ·ˣмΪͰߵìܵˣû硣
޼֪ô壬Ҫָص޼ˡ
˭֪޼ɭ֮ؾ׼ؾ֮
죡ƵæǰıӴ򷭡
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У׷׾𴦣ڵħҶķ϶Ʈա
ðɫħģ޼˺ɫĵۣһ𺶢űϵ֡
ſһԵ̨ۿ־壬ſںȣȴôҲв
޼ҹߣôħ߶Чͱ߳һһǣʣµĻҲѾһ룬޷ѡ
˫ֱӲ˺üȦһ޴ɼ֦ͷ

ϴŮ˵ĺȹͷɫñӣ˫˩һ޴׹ӡ
޼ͳö룬һӣֵüġ
۵üȴҲһ
̨һ˵Ϊ޼ѽͷࡣ
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ֵַ壬Ű͸Ļ뿪
壬̬Ӱԭ̬𽥱˻εԲ򣬲ұԽԽС
ֿԱһ٣޼˿ޱȼϴŲ̵ЦݣħɵĴֵֽݹ
ۣŴ콫ֵһ̽У¶顣
Ŀһе̨־ȫս᲻硣
֪ûҲһС
޼ãת̨˵
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ĸ׵Ҫ޸ũ򣬲ȻҪңһץأ
˵⻰޼Ц
µϲù󣬾Ǽµĺ
޼͵س̨ʹħֱӽ̨ĻǾΪС
̨ۣʱʧȴûиеκʹࡣ
ۣߴһʶŮӱվǰһĶΪס˺Ĺ



37 Ϊ
ΣѡֺȻ󻯡
̨,̤߲ƴĸӢۣԼӵıԵ˻
߹
߰ݵĲȥӳ̨ͫеӰ𽥷Ŵ
ų̂ܽĻе޼ջħ,дŹġ
ڵǰߵĶ֣ҰߴһŮ,ҲǺöԸӡ
޼ջħ,Ʋ,ŰߺƵµ̨,뿪
ֻЦ䵽ɭ֮ؾ,ռƵƵģԼƵΪ,⡣
ʸ̸Դ
ǣ޼ҲһЦ,,ҲǹĶ,,ȻԼĳ롣
øϻ,̧־ʵ޻һ
޼ʵʵһ,ֵɼ֮Ǳصڵ,³һڰɫѪ
Ȼ,߲ǸϲĨǵģƵ̸С
޼θĻ˲ԡ
ʹڶ,˫ֳħħħȥ,ħѪϴܱʮǳأ
Ļм
ͷٻƣ΢,üҴŵڵص޼𣬡ħΪ˷ʱ䣬ȵ£
ܣ޼ڱԱš
֪ʱǱ޵ģеȻҲ˵ѵ
ڵֻȡ޼Ĺ
ɵĿ¶壬̧׼޼һʱƵȴֱ۵˰ǰͷ
ߣԲ顣Ƶ˵
ȻȻף޼ҳԱνħкιϵȴʮǳаյЦ
ѹƵ֮ǡ
ǱһƵƶԵɣ֮ٸ͡
нƵʶοƵǱϿȵģı顣
Ƶ˵ĻҲ֡
ߴ˼һ˲ݲ¶ϲֻһ󣬷Ծ޼ǰ
һףҲ밲߳˴
߻䣬һƻ޼ʶ
̼䣬޼ȶϵ˺һѿڣеĻɫӿ
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һԵƵŵؽðħУȾؾеֲ
ЩνᶴںðԨΪʧ
ЩĿģ޼ᵽͬȵʹࡣ
ڻڵʿڽʧ޼ľɻѸٵڡ
лһߺ޵ؿŰߣ˵֮Ҫ˴
˭֪߲ûֵͣĴ㣬һӣֱӳȡ޼С
ѺұˣΪħµʱŵ㡣ͷ·ڽѵʲôһ㡣
ϣƵȥ
Ƶ漴Ӷ˫֣޼ӳɭ֮ؾ
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вʵİתصƵ̨ߡ
ϵʵİжӯһָǿοɰγĶԱȡ
ýݵƵƵһֺ󱲳ɲĵС
رǸղȡ޼ǵĲǰЩ֤
ΪͨڵʿҲҪܳȡ˵Ļǡ
߶̨ŵҪİȫȴ̽ʵ԰²ļ϶̨䵽޼С
ˣ̨̱ڵصһ̣֪޼ǽ̨ϡ
񣬳̨ȥ
˰ߵͼѸٴܵ棬̨ķϣҲͱ󣬱һڴֵĴߡ
Ȱһ̨ǰ
һߣ֪ԨǺ⡣
Ƶ״ͼæΪԲԨһ磬ʲô
סߵ۵Ĵ䣬һʮ˽СߵӣŮӰɣвס
ûзƵĻֻƳ۰ԨķȷϰԨѾƽȵؽ̨ϣתƵͷ
ܾƵʮֹŹ֡
ԸΪеؾ֮ȫͬ⣬ڰԨҲĸ̫ܲ
Щ밢ԨദðԨǸСߡ
ʱ򣬰Ԩſͷϣɫؿж
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ս䵽ԲСأƵֱӴ̨̨ߡ
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˿̵̨ǽ˶˵ȼü֮
Ƶ̨ڴУһֱʩľϵΪ̨
ȷѱȫƳƵĿ׼Ϊ̨ȹꡣ
߽ƵĽŲСܽҲڹСصߵķϡ
Ƶھǻ䣬߸æһ¡
ȡһһǶڵ־̨
Ƶûб飬ȴ³ѹ֡֡
ջضٴΪ̨ơ
ߺһ԰صţڼ䣬ߵԾڷԨ顣
£ܾϡͿعȥ
ԨǹԼǱµݴԼߣһһҪŪ
ԨʱദһĻĻ治ڰء
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ࡱ֣ǰԨԼòˮдµģʧ䣬ԨΪҪ˵ԼʦΪ˵ԼСࡱ
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֮ǰھ£ߴΪ¹ĻչԺУٴռġ
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Ƶῴ̨ǵС˼ֱп㡢δѣ̨֪԰룬ֹ֫Ӵ
еŽԨ⣬ųֻ̂ǳǳ̨һ񣬱ǸҴ⣬Σգ̨¡
޼Ͼ㣬ֲֻʧˣֵùлָֿ߳Լʧ
ίܾл⣬̨ме밢ߵľ룬Űߵķǰһ޼𱾾ǳģӵ׷Ѱǰ߹ҵ
ų̂¶ֻҡҡͷƵתƣ̨Ƶϡ߻ЩҪ
գֳ̨һ֮תͷ߳
ڵؽһ׵ĳϣԨú̸һ̸
ߴ廯С뿪Ƶ̨Ѿˡ
ŰȥӰգ۵̨żһŮڡ
ʱżǰĵŮΪ־״ָ̬
̨ӸߣƵһͷЩصͷƵ˼رһֱۡ
֪γƺԷ̨ѧŰߵллƵ֮
Ƶûг̨˼ϾҲĽ
ǰ壬Ƶ㱻ʺǿΪ
Ľǿ֮飬ֱȺƵ𽥷֣佾棬Ľ˲˭ۡ
ϸ룬ҲֻϿֻСܻĺǻ
ƵбĽӶ࣬ʱһȥΨǵ𾴺͸м
ȲʿְǻˣСҲ޷˾¡Ƶᣬָͨⱻ޵ߵĴȱǿ򶯣䳣£ǲǡ
̨Ƕô֪ԼǵΪ֪Сܱ¶С
˸ֱӲԼƵ
ƵƳľ̬Ҳʱת޺
ﻹҽ̹֮
̨ԣ֪Ƶѽ·ƪظǰȥ
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ƲϸµѡմСһ֡
̲죬ϸҶҡҷˣĦϸϸܵĵ
ζ֦뵵֣ͬһ⾳Զˮī
ɾһּ䣬ҵһʵĿյغ󣬽Сߴͷժ§ڻС
ɫմȾߵ۽ޣ˲仯Өˮ˳Ľëϡ
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֪ߵԼ˵Ŀģ߲Ƶ˵ǣҪԼݵɡ
һζӱܲܽ⣬£ʼҪ˵
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ͰԨѾѽˣٰԼʵݲͽʵڲ뾿жҡ
ˣڽһ˵ǰѾ¸ı䰢ߵļʲô
գʱ԰Ԩڰߡ
˫Щʧİ߿ͣԨָˣڵܹΣԳ˵һ𣿡
˵⻰ʱߵ˫ȻСߣͶȻչϧ͹ذ̬ȡ
һ΢΢ʹѰߵĻƶҶĵ棬ߵǰһξ롣
ɫĹˮɢСתԻΣﵴ΢罫ΧˮɢɫȹŮڰǰ
һǧǰģʱδȥ۵ϢƶΪʦء
αװͨµƽŮӵ˽ύǿ͸İһ㡣
ò밢ٺʲˡ
ֻǰ˵ģʶȴûнϵ
ĵײ²⣬ϤлһΣСΪϢҵ
Ԩˣ̽ؽһ
Ӧңߡ
õʾʹɢȡ֮ǵһ밢Ԩ̬潻ļ
Ԩ΢΢ѯʣʱԻεģ
ڰǰվñֱ΢΢ͷڼϵķ˿ǰ峺䵭ǺʱҼǲֻΪָòܹάһʱ䡣
˵ÿһڰ߶ж
ԨЩ𣿡
ÿ춼Ĭʣ·ֱʱ̫ԨԼ
Ҳûϵĵһ⾹ýΪݵ׼ˡ
˼Ƭ̣Щ˵ůĻÿʱÿ̡
ʵȥͷϿȱϣΪ㡣ϵţ֪꣬ȥϿȱߣ뿴Ƿܳȡ
𣿡߲ŵָԼıӡ
ʱѹޱȣԭԨصΪԼж԰ԨݵԹҲࡣ
̲סѯʣʧ𣿡
ƣŨܵ޸ĵӣҡͷ᣺ûʧ䡣
ߺһͣɫҲǶ֪ԼηӦ
ʵڵϣԨ˵ԼʧˣֻҪԨ˵ѡš
建ⲽǰ밢ԽԽ

밢ֻʣߵľ롣
ҲԸǰСܵıӻ
Ĳ岽
ֻܿӺ;ֹǡ
Ҳƽȵ̬վߡ


Ĵ밢ߵֻļ
ǽڷĴָϰ֫һֻֻ򼹱̶ס޷ѡ
ᱡĴմȾˮһգѵˮʽһǺ彫ߵĶϡ
˿˿΢ϢЩ㣬ڰߵĶơ
߲ӣһȴԼĶⲻСĴӶԷıǼ⻬촽ϡ
ȫѵ밢ԨܽӴ
ߵһֻС¹ײո͸һ㣬ܵγѪ*
ڹ𣿡ǳһʡ
ҡҡͷ⺦ߵ΢΢÷ǰ˫ƱסԼˣѽ
ûзſߣ§뻳С
ǰ໹ǰԨ밢߽ң𣿡۵ײ٣·ҪС
ңֱǰİԨǻ֮ǰй֮ףҵ͡
˵ľ䶼滰ĲƭߣֻܽԼʵ뷨֪Է
߲ǰԽģȻҲ⣬š͵Ҳ⿪
ԭֻڴ˴߶ԼݵĻɡ
ɱͷ紵Ҷɳɳ죬ÿһġ
ٴ֮ǰֹ
ʱŤһɶ˵Ħ֮˲ŷȼĻӡ
Ϊ̫ģ鵴Ϊ֮ԼܻԭʼĿΪĵǻδ̽С
ۣñ㰢ߵĶͷüġǼ⡢һһĴꡣ
ߵĲӱԵƵúƬҲԾſ
һ̵̣밢Ǳǰ׵ĳݼ䡣
޴ɶİֻ˳ӵرۣʱʱԼͷ׾ػӦԨ֡
˴ݽ䣬⿪ϵᣬһ䡣
ӰӰ´µּ䣬վӰ뵽Ҷĵ档
ｻ߱͸ҶĹâͶ䵽棬·һɽĻ
Ԩ
߿š
룬ĴԼļΡ
˫Űߵ۵밢߽ÿһ̡
ٰڰ̽𴦡



38 ԵΪ
Ӱҡ,ͶӳȪ֮ϡ
ϸֽڵ֦̽ˮȦȦ
֦Ȧţˮҡ,ˮνߣ󻯿,ʪһء
Ԩ,һ̲ס
ߺ,֮ǰڿջ,ҷΪǷʩ˽,˿ʲô
Ͽȵķ࣬¹㷢,һӽԭ,𱸵󶼲͵Щ
߳,ȴ֪
ؾһСС,֮ǰע⵽,Ƶ,ͷޡ
޼ʱ,ȸɳɼ֣ߵСҲ͵͵һߡ
ʱ,֪ᾪж顣
ͣ¶,ؿߣŰߵգ,߲ϲǾͲ
,Ҫһֻÿ
æס֣糺,Ųߵĵ棺Ҫ
屻ϸһõ궯ѡ
ǽڷĴٴλصԭȵλã֮ǰػζ
ҧŴԼ
״ǰ㣬һְֻס졣
ȻУʳָСĻ밢Ĵ
ǻʪȣаװָͷ㲻Ծؽ
ֶֻæµ⣬Ϯϰۻ׵ļ

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ڣƵ̨εϢƵĻȴ𽥱ö϶û߼
Ƶ㣬㲻𣿡̨ƵģΪǣΪ̫𣿡
̨Ƶֱָָ̧ۣԼաȻ̵ˡ
ŶǺǣû£ֻе㡭šϢһͺˡ
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Ƶ淢һ
̨Ҳߴ٣ֻһԵȴʱʱ΢ǵƵ
̨Ƶǰͷֱˣĳض̨˵Žһ仰ͨѱɡ
֮ǰƵֻǰʾ˿ȴѻ˵ס
̨Ѿû˵𴩵ΣֻƵǳʲô⡣
Զּ䣬ζΪϵһᣬŰߵ˫ӵһ¡
Ҫˡૡ
صͷ
˸Ľͷ£ӹ֮Ӱ㻯ΪɫƬߡ
һֱ˫֣ȫСߺ󣬱㱻С

ԨСߵʱ˵𣿡߹ĵ

ҡεһһٻش
΢üͷչԨҪЩָ
˵꣬ͰС߷Լͷڷ䣬ΪԼ͡
СȺ󣬰߽żһ㣬ڿն𣬷ķ
ȷ뿪һֻ͵شӶվĵ֦ͷС
˭һڣݶˣ߲ѣ˫ַŭԹ
СðһɫҺ壺Ҳ֪ٺ١
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߽ߺͿ̨ȶ޺һߣƵһᣬר־Ķš
߽һ̨ĹϢƵʱ̸ġ
ڴ̨û߽濴ƵͬҲûС
塢աǡ߿ŷϵ֣˳
һŵƵһ£鱾ֱӵ˵ϡ
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ΪòţԵŵԭͣ塣
ʵû룬һû̫ɣ
ֻ˳ó⻰ʱˣؾ֮ڡ
߲֪ƵʲôֻæŰ鱾𣬱µⶨʲôر鼮
ֻһ´ǣϾһЩ鰮黰Ҳܺ⡣
Ҳʱĳ飬Ϊ̺źݺ
Ƶ㣬ŵˣԴǸĿ
¶ֿޱȣ
ƵԼͷ˶ְڳĵģ԰ߡ
Ƶ֮ǰû͵͵鿴ˣӦʰߺС̸еΣ
ڵҲʲڣߺĻ棬Ƶ̸ֹ̫ɹˣû˭̸ôɹ
˲ĳĬ󣬻޹Ұİȿ˿ڣƵ㣬޼𵽵Ǹʲôݣֹɱ
ֱ߱ͦ˫ִ࣬ɫһ̵ֽģ
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޺һߣƵҲʼ޼
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ʮ޼һֱλĴбλȨÿζʧܸա̫ǰҪ³ŵ޼С
Ŷ߻ͷʼԼ޼𲻽жֵ֮飬̫ǰƣ䱾ԣͶħ壬кա
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޼Ŀɽħƿ˼ĿܣħƺħҲܴ
ΪΣ߸æ׷ʡ
Ƶ²豭԰һ԰ƵǰٹǴ̽ħǡٹǲ鿴ǳشĽȡ
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߱죬ûäĿжϡ
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ʱţ͸Խ࣬Խ׸˶Ӱʵޣ˵µһ
ʢմϿȳһľûʹͲԼи˼壺ģҳ޼ߵĻǣʱԽ׷ѰټҶҵħһ򾡡
Ƶ̨֮ǰΪֻǵĥ޼ߣû뵽ⷬĺ֡
ĻҾ춯ǰħ̽ʵǸƢ޼һղһ޷
ƵðԨһͬжȻóϿң
Ƶ΢΢췢ɵ
һʱûӦ֮ǰ˵ǰԨؾһ
Ƶ㣬ˡ˫ֺʮ
ŶǺ~Ƶװߵ˼ڰ֣ӦúúãԨҲóȥһˣ顣
飿
飬ǿɲֻǽ飬ƽȵԼֶޣû˭һ˵ڡ񡭡ȥ
밢Ԩʹ˸ǡ׼Ƶ
Ƶֱס˰ߡ
ǰؾкȻһȺ˵ˣҽѽ½ǰЩӷ£ƣҪǳؾæ˴ȥ
˵꣬Ҳ߹һݡ
Ⱥʲôˣк



39 ٹǵࣨ飩
һȺ͹,Ƶüͷ
ɫؽţԳǱƭʵ԰ģΪԸ񣬱ʵ԰ؽ²ĥ
ɻ,ñ佫͵ĳǳأôɭ֮ؾˣ
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䵽ײ˸ȷ£Ϊ֮
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ߵм,ȻסŲ,תͷԸԼİ˵,ѽؾеʱٶȽй,ͷһɭ֮ؾ,ȥ̫ȡ
ߺ̨ʱվƵͷ,ôһ˵پ档
֪ؾ֮ؾоԵĿ,ȴû뵽,пʱһ˵
ȻҶصı,ؾƵ˵Ȼͷһ˦,ǰͷ·ǰؾеһСء
Ƶûչ̨,ðץ̨Ŀĵء
ҲûΪ̨԰Ѿû֮ǰǹĽ
䲻鰮Щֵ߳Ŀ˵Ҳȫͨһ˵񿴳Է˼
䲻̨֪Ϊα仯֮죬һ찢ߵˣǺõġ
*
̨ŶһؾһƬĲԭ

Ļ𴦲ͬطֲߴïʢ⴦ԭһ󣬳˵ͰĲƺûֲ߼ѡ
ԭһСϪСϪŮŮ·⴦ԭס񣬹пӡ
һЩ˿Ƶ˴һģ
һŮˣһŮӴš
ע⵽ŮһԼ˰̣Ѿϵò࣬Ҳûʲô۵İ͹ۼֻɫΧƤһЩ
ȷˣЩǲʵ԰²ܺߡ
ͬʱҲΪƵĺĳжȻϿȳģǺˡ
Ƶ̤ϲݵأǰ˻ϡ
˿ʮգϵҲָòˣúѽǴ˼䡣ƵΧȺ
ƲԸ뿪ʣֳؾ
Ƶ˴ҵ˼ɰռƻ˵λ߹ǳȥ
⴦ؾƵĵ̣ûоþ֮绹мˣĵطҲʵ
Ƽǰ˶ûԣƵŷףǰƽ
ղŴͷ˵Ƶ˵ŮЩƵ˵껰ղ̫ãͼһ´ҵ
ǰߵƵͰߣƫͷһؿߣоλЩ졣
Ůһ˵˲ŽעתƵϡ
˷Ӧ죬еüߣҲϤеǾŮڸؾ֮׽
ֻһ곤ЩŮӺȻ˿ڣҼǵù㽫Ǿȳʵ԰ģ
˵Ůӵʱʶд棬Ŀ˰ߺͱ䳯ʵ԰²º֡
ʱĻ߻谵Ҷû˵ģý˰Ǹɰ۵Ůоڰòж
ټǶ԰岻ѡ
΢΢Цţش֮ͣҳݡ
ԻҶУʶƵŮӾԼľˡ
-л֮
-л

л˷
ҲȭӦ
ҵĵлֹͣſȰҴӳٹǣȻ˱ƽҪء
⻰Ǻ⣬еĺⶼܱɡ
һλ΢Щ߳ȺɫЩ࣬Ű߾һ߹ǣҲֻܵѡ˵һ㡣
ſڰͷҡԴ°ĥŰߵͷʾο
֪˶šĲң硱뷨գһǵӲ᳤һǣԶڱԹ͹ۻ
ȻѾʵѵ컹ҪӲ
岻ЩǷܴ¼ȡѵֻǺ°ѹա
ߵ鲢ûӰ죬΢΢ЦţǰȺ渵
й棬Ҳ棬ʿԲΪΣҲܺˡξ´ңҲְڡ
߻һתʼ©ܾ֮һأѵܾĻأ
ϵ̣֪λشߵ⡣
ⲽƵǰֱˡ
ֶһʿơ
׬ȡǮûͲֵˡǱ֪ʲôĹǮǺġ
ԸҽеһƥȥϷѺ̼ҵĸɱǸϵĹǮضһ޶ȣߵĹǮܻ⣬λز۾
ĻвȴҲ޷
֮ǰϳߵŮ΢Цͬ˵ǡǾЩ½ѵ
ЦųŮӵͷл
ŮӵĻǳˮµʯͷˮˮ
ȺҲҷ׷׽Լαƭʵ԰ġ
-˵߹Ǯö࣬ҲԸġ
-ɲ˵ٹ廨һܸԭ˫Ǯأ
-ԭƭ˵ġ
Ƕе߲ŰĴƵн󲿶ӣĄ̊́뿪ؾ
*
뿪ؾĵһ£ڰٺЩܺߺȥұ䡣
֮ǰ˵ʵڵôܣٳʲô۶ӡ
һǮûļҿջͬʱôٺˡ
ѡ֮ǰļƻǽǵĹٸ
ϵ˾ƵѾõòˣٸڳ˰Щ⣬ûбȫܹʤΡ
ƽһк󣬰̧߲׼ȥ
忴˰ľѰ˵ģµҪұ䣬ǿѣߣǳ⡣
һС˵İ߾һ̧˫ѯʣ˵𣿰Ԩ
ҡش
ãȥ
Ļŭţ˵ˡ
棬ǹ˸ҹˬʡ
һ·ۣʱ͸ϵǡ
ȻһȺ˺ƺƵפڳ⣬ȺлʱʱԹ
-ҹҪ˯ĽҰ𣿡
-˵н飬ô·ôǶ˰
-ܾ뿪ٹѾܲˣǱ˼ˡ

-Լŵܽǰûʲô



40 ̸
ڲ,Щ˸ۡ
ϾΪ˵Ÿͨ˵ƽǼʵ¡
ԶԶЩ˵ıԹҲ˱ڵľ
ֱۻǰ,ѹ˵䣬ôڳⲻȥ
ߵ,æžȵתͷˡ
·𿴵Լľһ,̧ӭȥ,йеߣ,ȥ
ʵϣڵı޴й,ͲֱŰ߳ԶǷ֮أһȺߵ,Ҳʱ˵߾ߡ
ֻǽԶȺһЩĵط
Ҷǵ׷޼ɱŮ,жм־η,ߵһ,Ҳû̫ķӦ
ŰߵֱһԵ,ֱ㵽һͷ,ȷԼͰ˵ᱻվ,尢߿ࣺʧˣ
Цһʧֹڴˣ
Ѿһƨ,Ҳ֪ʲôԭµ⡣
̾Ϣһ,Ŷͷղѣֻǵʶǵĳ,û뵽ʱȥ̫ã˺üΡ
˳Ĩ,ס°ͣԹڵĳҾʶĺ,ʶĳ
ֱۣ߱Сһͬûɵ䡣
ʱҲɻ԰ǣܿǲЩǰ׵Ϊʵ֡
鿴ǰıȷʵǵֻС󣬵ӵʵǻĵ岻òɡ
һתѯʵʱʶλģ
û룬ʵش˶Է⣺һٶǰ
˵ʱ򣬱°ͣûɫı仯
ԣ۾Ķгһ졣
ҵı㣬Ҫ룬һٶ˵ζʲôڵʵ
ʱüͷñȱ仹
紵ּҶɳɳ죬ûлӦߣֻε̧ۿԷ

һѣҲӦڵĳпܸûеġʶĻ
ű㶵ӣҡҡͷ˫ִȺǱȥ
ףҪȶƣֻԼˡ
ۼһĽǧ˿С˵İ߹ֹۣͣ׷׽Ŀˡ
֪ڳ˶ԼɱķĳҲкմҾͿһ࣬ҿյϢһҹٺͱȥ档
˽δӦĺ٣ȺЩ궯
һϸȻ˳ĬƵѴôԶô˼ģ¶޻ҰҲˣ˭֪ǵʲʵŹϵ
߾衣
Ǽˣǳڶĳϣնͷ˲ʱôģ̶ִͷ
ǲԼЩʲô£ǻüɿȺڷͷˣƻŽĴڡ
رڸžۼֽħ֮µʱ
ǳŵģԥؽɱԱħҵܹ˳С
ڰҲʿԷֻͨˣð߶ֽѵˣ»ӻҡ
ʼƻǷҪһЩǳֶߡ
ɾԥ֮䣬ЦӯӯɫͻȻʧȡ֮ŭĿԲ´ǡ
͹ŭŷʮ
ڳһ˶˵Ļ˶һ
ʵû뵽òɰոǿС˵ֱӵĻ
иıߵߺ󷽣Ҳ˵Ļ𾪵Ų
һһ˫ֲ׼ȴ밢ǳƵģһܼ־Ѹٱ˳
ѳٹǣ·ͷûšԸ͵ţԸҪôԼ·磬Ҫôزʵ԰ӡ
Ѿí㾢Ҫӣһͨвʵ԰صµĲ״˲
Ҳʶǲ񣬷һֱ
Ӳʹ䣬ϣһ㰢ߵĴ
ʱĳһ䣺⻰˵Щֻ֣˵ʵ˵ѡ
߲ų̂£ݺݵسҧг˵ܸڴ˷ϻĿݡ
ӲٽƱ磬ֻܵͷ˻صȺС
˲Ҳһ
Ⱥвʵ԰ѾõܺߣǳԹ*ܣȴץض
ʵ԰ﻤڶ࣬һЩ߽׵ʿЩûΪ˾ϵ׸
ǰߺͱһᱻڲʵ԰
Ҳʵ԰ħޣһ첻ٹħҲὫʧȥͶﾡãƳɿܡ
Դλˣȷʵ˿
վڰı䱾Ϊ߳ɹ˴ͷµˣʹաߣ׼յ¡
ߵһ룬Ϳ߽Ⱥһѽץ˳
ӵӣȺ˵һ˾µʵ԰ġ
תԼеӣú˵ˣڲʵ԰ᾭʲô
󣬰һѽӵϣȻ󳯵ڵصӺ˵һΣҪ͹ͺúָӣҾôɱһҲ̫ӰҵĹ¡
˵һ֮ǰ˵һͨСŮԴҲʮֺƣҲûк
ˣλŮһаٵĸ֣汻Ⱥŭ̽ȡһס
߷ת׼ȥȴײ˸
Ϊת̫󣬰ѱײ˵治˵ſͷϵ嶼
ղſʱ̫Ҳû취ԺضԴ䣬ֻͷҲصطǰԶ侲侲
*
ɫҡּӰ߱СڲĴ׳֦ϡ
Ĭù󣬰ڻָƽڵϢƽ˳ֱ˿ɰģ
߰뿿ڴϣ˫Ƚ棬н§Сߡ
͸Ҷϡķ϶Բ£߷·һ㣬Ͽﰲݶӡ
Ԩ˵ˣҺÿġ𣬻żϲã֮ǰڸ˵ҵĹҲ֪Щ㾭ʲô
һֱſڰ߻е岢û˼ֱ̫࣬ƽ˵
֮Ը߰Լ˵Ϊ죬Ϊ֪˼ն񣬰ܻ߳˼ǲܵ֡
浽ʱΪ߳Ҳð߲ɡ
ֻԼδʵ밢ദʵ޷ԼĹгֻ˵һɣرһЩԽ͵⡣
СߵĻҲûʲôֱƶСߵҶ˵˵
岢ֻõͷӦߣԼԶʧ
鳯һлͳġš졣
ΣŴۿСߣʵ˭ʦƵ𣿡
ǵ󻹻ټƵʱ߰ԼƵĵӣ֮ԽԲ
ҡҡͷˡ
зСߵ˼ʹϵԨ걻ƵϿȣпܰΪʦ
̽ʵ˭ѵ
µҪʣϰߵ󣬽ԴСϣȻٴҡͷʾ񶨡
ȲƵҲ壬߸Ӻ棬ѵСڼ仹
ֱӣпɣѯʣʦ˭
ʱŲòڻشߵ⡣
ǽͷſڰߵֱϣ棬ʼ䣺һλѾˣ˽֦ˡ
СߵĻһʧ䡣
ٴɣ΢΢죬ţѾ˰ûȥݼˣ
ݵʧʣȻʦܹ˵Ϊסˣľôŵڣ
һⰢߣ߼Ҳ̫ˣڲòʼѻԼ֮ǰڵĿӡ
˼˺һƵٻش𣺡δʱһֱƵؾ٣ֱʦһǰؾҲŸ˼˼䣬ʼС
ʦû̵Ҷñٷɽ磬ֻܻصؾҵĹСһɽ˰ߵʡ
Ȼ߲ûдݣıƽҹҪСߵĹȫ
׷ʣʦĸɵģ

ٽԼȥѡ˼£װ˺ࡣ

üͷСߵ۾
۾ţǵãС˯ʱ۾Ҳŵġ
ô˯ˣһֻӶͷ¶ε顣
ַָСߵͷֶԷȷʵû
߰˹ȥñǼ̽СߵıϢ
һսС߿ɰһЩ
һĪĳ嶯ʹŰߣȻſ죬һںסСߵͷ
壺



41 
ڸʲô
Ǳһ,𾪵÷ƬһӶ
мֱڰ,ͷߵ촽סá
ڵʹ򲻹,ڼװĹ,϶⶯
Ȼú,߿гʪ,ʵƽĵط
񡭡
ռ䴫ֵЦ
У
ǰԨҲӵкͰƽȵݡ
ڼ֮以״,˵Է۸ͬţҪŹþ,𷣹֮ˡ
ѵ۸
,Ҫ,Ʋصİߣ
ʱ,ȴſ,Сߵͷ˳
ٺ١ЦСɵ,Ԩ
Ȼһ̻˵Ц,һͱ
þСߣͰ͵ʵ㡭ôֱˣ
屾㻯κúø˵˵,δü,ͱʻһʱҲס,ʶͷԼ塣
ף
ôϵƬֱɫĵɫ¹΢΢Ĺʡ
ôȥģ
ϴߵ׷
̧ͷ,Դɫɾȱ档
Ҳ֪شš
治֪Ϊλ,֮ǰֻҪɱһΣͲٻصԭȵɫʣβ֪ΪΣںɫͰɫ֮л
ܱʲôɫҲǸղŰж֡
ȻڲûˣðʶԼĴ
ŤӣŰһ
ٴμ߲Сߵ̬лǲ̾ɫʵ
ջ̲סС߼ϵƬһѡ
һٶеãڱӱŭôûԼ˼
ˣ΢΢սСߵĺ󱳣ʵ
ֻСŤӣ֦ǰƶһξ룬Ȼǲߡ
һٶ߱ȷˣСȷʵԼղŵΪ
յ壬ҲԴԼ֮ˡ
̬͸ϰ߰״˿ỹЩ壬һ˵£Ҳֻǽ𴦣ˡ
ֻҪʹУΧ˶ܻ⣬Ͻ뷽跨ֲԼĴһĳͷ
ǣ˿̵ֻһ߲СߣƸʱûȣ˺£еɰ
ȻҲûСڵķŭ̫أֻԼǳ£Լֲ
ſϣ𽥸ı䡣
ˣ߽СյС߶ߣЦʡ
һЦˡ
ΪƤЦģ
ûлͷֱӳߴչһŲһ㡣
ָСƶյСһࣺҴСϲĶͰ򣬽ûסͰѰԨŽˡ
ίͰ͵Ǳ۸Ƶģ޳ˣ~
ߵĻ˵㣬΢΢Ʋͷ뿴ڵױʲôڸǸ
ҵģ̬循гСè䰡
ڵİߣǵķ۱ͷ̵ĴǣˮԲĴ۾һСèģ
ԨСè˺òã߻ģü΢΢𣬷·һҪС顣
Զ˰һЩſڵ
߾Ȼʱڵģ
Сˣÿǡ̫ˡ
꽫߱ڻǽһĻĻٴθǰеʱ˴롣
Ԩֻ鲻Խԭһκòá嶼̬Ҳǵġ
һĳ׽ʣµĲߡ
צǰ·СߣֱǰñֱҲֻڰ¡
ۡûסЦ˳
Сʱˣȶ̶̵ġ
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´βˣҲϲ࣬ɫظ߰ߡ
߸ϽĵǰͷöͷֲСߣұ֤󶼲ˣ
߲飬ûסèһ֦ͬ

ߺһͬ˲˫ŵأ򱻰ڱϡ
߻عͷԼϵСߡ
һèһȻһЦ
*
峿ɫأ̫ͮͮԾԶɽ¶Բ
ߴű߲Сߵͱһͬǰ֪ңԼھǰǣ̸С
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ϢŶ뿪漴
֮ǰԱ˴ʱʶΪжΣա
ԴӼ֤˰˵Ƿ󣬱һƵģ֮ǰǰ˳ܣҲõĵ˵
ż𣬱ҲСɫ
ΪձѾݼܾԸ¾ԲҪٽǡ
ˣΪƿפسǳصıߺͱɵߴƶǳϷֱӽڳС
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ȻǰһĻð߸еӦ
ѣˡ
߻Ȼʡ
ʱѴӦѾǵĴϣȻһˡ
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û쳣̧žҪǰߣ߸ϽסȵȣҲ𣿡
һ˵ҲоΧƺе졣
վŲصʱλã߼粢硣
üյκ󣬱͵ոϵſҹгسǵʿ⣬Ӧûˣұûעڰյ
ȷռûɵ䣬ɱаµȿȴôʺš
֪ԼЩӰ鲢Ҳԣֻǳɫ԰˵һͬȥ֪
Ը䴩Ľǰ
ŻֺΧɪĳӳ£ҲԵЩįȡ
·ǰϵİײ´š
˺þãҲš
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伱ڼֱֻõֺõЦ˵ûҴ
⸱ģڰߺֱ񻰡
̴𱸣ޣ
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Σֵ
ۿű䱳֣ظ̴Ӻͷ߽ߺûнȴд˼ںͷš
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ź˳ȥ
ݹľͷֻһΣγԾ˿ͷ
ԾһϮɫһͷںڵ㷢߸˫֮һѱ˫ڽϡ
ŨüǾۣ΢΢֪λѰҺ£
伲ǰվֱӹְݵ°󣬰ݼ

߱űʺãͻȻ䷢ֱոԳơ

鼮ϼ󡱶֡
Ϲޣϼ򵥵дһֻ׻צнǵ
˼ˣ߾Լˡ
ððʧʧı䣬Ǹ߹Ϲޣ
ſİεϵõŮ񣺡ڡ°ߣ񡣡
Ծߵͷȴû뿪䣬üͷ۾´ű䣬ŵʵǡ󣿡
Ҳֱ̧ת
һӱӿɢһǰߵ޳롣
ߡԾһ˲˲ضߴ͵ޡ
׻צͦĶǰһ¹ǵľͽǡ
˶޶ܼβɴ׳ǰɫëͷ¡β⣬вһȦˮīڡ
ء
ͷߺһ͸ǿĺд
ۿű仯İ³вȱ
ߺԾֻ𾪣رԾ
Ծĵһۣ˾𾪵лૣǰ񡭡
һſٽбӵһߣ嵽ǰϥ¹ͷȭȾǣ



42 ̻¶
ŤŤߵļϡ
ѾԿ˵ټٰƷ,Ϊſͷʵ̫Ѹ߽ˡ
߸ܵСߵΪҲûֹֻǾԭ,Сߵ̬
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󣿡ʡ
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,æţҾܾ,Ҳɼ
ΣҲ
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ΰҲٵ˵ŵѯʣ˺£
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ĬһſʼڰͰ߸ǰⲽӷǵ渵
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ڼҵĻǳ˳ɻصǺ󣬹¾ͷˡ
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ΪһȾ˲޲ߣܿͻᵽԳ˿ڼ죬ȥɡ
оĻ̻̣׷ǰҪ¡
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⻹ġ
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ڣһͼӰפصıʿǲٸȾֲ
ӣǾտҲġ

ԾǵֱվڰǰȻ΢΢ԱǸĿǵˣҲžܾ˽סҪ󡣡
˼صͷʶĺ󱲲ǹⵡˣο
ڵ˵Ҳ̫ӣʱڣҲ޷óʲôõĽۡ
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ãȥԾæӦѸСǰ鷿ѰԼͷսԵͼ
ףӲׯ̬˫εķ֣ǰ̽ʵôȥã˻ΪǸвĹѾͷ
Ӷͷ¶ı飺鷿ǸҪĵطսϡƻǸҪͬͨš
ֵطͨġ̾һš
ôЩ
ɰӣŰɵؿڣͷ˭ɨ
԰Щͣɫش𣺡ȻŴɨԴɨ
巢ˣҲٶʣֻбԹһ£
߱ôǰ󣬵ǵԾʱܻҲŰһڵװꡣ
ͷķ࣬ĸϸҲǾš
ر裬οյľ
̡Ǹ*񣿡ָ﹩ޣʵ
˳ŰָķȥһоŷƵĴм䡣
ţǾѽ󽾰˵ҵͣѾͷһ۽ϳ
ָⲻ̫һѵ
еİͷһȦצβͼɫɫģĵһ




43 

ŤҲû˵Ȼ
Ҳ,ͱֱͷ
˵
հֻһϻ
߱죬˫ۣⶢŰ,һһеģ
󿴼һΪ߿ʲô,æҵ̧˵ûɱ޹ҡ
ҪŬ,ȴֹ
ˣȽߵ˵
,ð˫綼һ¡
ܵߵĶ,βİߵļԱο󣺡˴úý͡
֪,Сƨ˲ԾԼЩ,ӹ۾
˰ûһ,Ծʹһٳٳػصá
,λŵͼ,ؿ߼ϵ塣
֮ǰ߽СԼ,Сߵس̶,ԾԼֱ
ӿ,֪νܡ
ҰԨɡ
ͳдԣһĴ㡣
бԹôʱĲһ
ΧȻΡͼפͼԼһЩ˿ڡҵݡеĵͼŵͰλм,ǽ,רѯԨ,㿴Ҫһݣ
֪û֣㷭ľ,ǲŲæΪԨһľ򿪡
ͷչһһͼ˼Щò̬ǳطֲ֮Ĺϵ
ȵȣһ,Ȼס˰ߣ֮ǰ򿪵ĵڶҿ
̧߲ͷǵ򿪵ĵڶᷭƽ棬ͼÿһ綼չڴǰ
ԾǴչͷۿ
ͼΪģΧʮʮǳصɵĵͼ
Ծ૽ţ滷ɽǰƽԭеˮѹľѾסء
û󣡡ѿڶĻԾĽܡ
ںǳصսλ뾭ûǰλû˵
˰Ļ˵һڼˣڵͼϰ״ǳصλá
״ֺ֣سͷ
Ծͷˮӣ棬ע⣬תͷؽͣǾŽ״ɹɣ󷨿ٻ飻۱Ҫʮˡ
ڲпᣬͱΪֹ˼䴫Ľģǻһˡ
߶۽ޣĹ۲һ°ɫ
岻µ㵽ֹߺͰҪ
ͷֻŸɴĳǳأʳָǵλá
أͳ·ڵͺ𣺡۾ڡǣ
ս㡣
ڰöҶ紵
ÿϵı鶼ɣرΪǳԾ
ʹԾ֪ζʲôҲܲµǲֹ󣬲ǣ¶ҡ
ʵʲôֲ֪ôӺ
߽ͷڣΪʲôѡΪۣǿ֮ڵٹǣ
Ŵڽ֮һЩδйֻƬ󷨡
Ҳ֪ΪǣԾ͵ģΪҪѡ֣
û㽲⣬̧ۿ
յİʾҪ߱渵
۱ؿǰں֮ʱγɿռѿڣӵصһ㣬Χһǣһξٳǡ
գʳָ˿ξٳǵλá
滷ɽǵؿǰ鼷ѹγɵģֻѡ񡣡ƶ˵յľ·ξٳǣǴɽˮȻΪۡ
ԾĬһĽǴܱĳǳأûϵӦˡһʣ˶ϡ
֮ǰľ֮ʱӡҡҡͷڰݵ
ƳԾȻһŻ㱵ס
ͰδٳֻԾЩȥ
һ֮ס˭Խܡ
ѡ񽫵ͼһָԭԾΡ
վԾļ򣺡ع𣬴ǣ㣬ⲻϡ
ԾΪȻǷ̫á
֮ǰûа֣޷⣻幩ĴİԼǡ
һ漴ϥأٴαȭλȾǣλҪʲô֧֣Ҷɡ
΢⣬ͷԼʶĺ󱲡
ԾпǧҲǿһ֮ǵΡ
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ԾͳԼ沢Ϥڽǵ⣬ǽת˵£֪λͷ˭Ҫǣ
߽ӵͼõϢ֪ԾǸմٹӳٹҲС
ѾȷٹѳױħƿأпܣٹǾħһִġλϣȴɽԾ˵
Ծæǡ
ֹԾ˵ȥ͵֪Ҫ˵ΪҴħħħ岻ܽǡħ¿ɲֹħ屾ٹǲʵ԰޼𣬱ħ巢ʩӣɴ˿ɼдѷħ֮˹ǲǲ
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ԾŻȻ֮ǰħ壬ʶΪֻħѪϰħ繦˲ܽħ壻ھһ˵ԭħ岻Ϊͺйоӣϸ
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ԾַǰһֻһֻϱȻ߶ǽҵ¹˵ǳ˹ĶҪڴ˽һٹǡ
תͷ밢ߺӣǶǼҳ˹Ķ޼׵ܳ˹ĶܹõƫһĻᡣ
ֻ̨ϵ
޼𲢲顭

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˵壿ˡ
ԾվŲü󣬲ȻȺƸеİ
Ͱ߶Ը̫Ϥˡ
嵱꽫ǴϿȺ󣬲ûнЩн֮أǸȺΪ趨ƣǽɵ߾ֻܵڣԶ᲻ɽ𵤡
û뵽Ǿ辶תͶħ¡
ʱİڳⲡûдȾԣûǾͿǷɱܷǴɱǱڽУ
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ߺһۣȻ֪˰ͼ
򶨶ȻգðסڡǼ˰ػȷǺΪ
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ԾһٸԸ⣬Ǻ°񶨻С߷һ㣬æȷϵôˣСģ
ƺһССǸɰ֡

*
˸ǰѾӽʱ֣ҴʱԴϣõСĺϢ
ǰ㾫ӵӣСŴȺǰٴźöӣνС
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û˵꣬ҪСߵͷ
˫һɣ磬СԶŮӵ֡
ֺֻҪҧŮӵָһպŮӶݡ
ݶء˻һ
أҵ裬ƢáƣԲԲ۵ɵͭ塣
ŮʶԼԽˣϽջֱۣɫ԰׵ǸţǸҲҶ衣
գָϽܽӣʧȺС
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Ͱ߶˰״̬ʵƣæҲۣ忪ڵȥϢһ£пһս
̧ҡҡλεԴԴǸЦЦȻһǡ
űһתԭбȥ
ĽֵΪЩ˶ߺϸϸЩ˵״
ǰڼ䣬ûκ˱ֳʣͬҲûκпԻ߷ȵļ
ڳǰ߽гɷӣȻ֮ǰǸŵ̴ٴͨ
̴ٲҵȥԼӡ
߹ˣ
δ͸ţ˶
Ծϰ֮ˣ˵Ȼʮ㣬ȰߺͰӴ
֮һ㶣г˾η˺µصͷ
߳ţվ̨µİ߻ϣһ֣߹
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ԾһϮףֳֳͷϻŰͷĪ˵ͨգɳϵĽʿҲҪǿʢŮ֡
ˣתͷɨһѴͷŵˣܾʲôԾ
ֻЦҶԸ۸Լú۸ˣԾλȨأ佫֮ˣͱʵ
ߺԾϰúˣһÿ˵϶˵Сֽţ֮㰴յļƻǰߵķ̨ϼһС
ԼҪ֮ʱֻΧȻ࣬һԭǰӳ˻
ߣ㺰֣Ƭ֡
һͷˮش𣺡֪
֪վڰǰŹ
ĮضŰҪƵġ
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ֻǺ˵ϴӦϺãܵ÷ɿ졣
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ⲻĥңܵΣյʱܼʱ
һк󣬰ѡ̨ıԵרĵضųڵ
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Ԩôˣûлش⣬Ǻط
Цһˮֶˡ
ֻǵᱻǵһҡԣ֪²вء
֪Сڹʵʵ͵ҸǵЬ϶ҩ
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ֻ̨аߺ壬ѡ˻Ϊվڷ̨ͷ
ǺǺǺǺǡ
Ϊ̲סЦŻεġ
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죬ޱߵ鷢Ʈ˵ϵķ˿𵽶ָ˳Ŷ̧һ°ߵıͷѳɾᱻǵҩͰ
ǡô죿µСһʱѾˣٸˣ
ġֵסǷ۵գѾϷΪ˲ǡ
ֻСߵֱģΪż΢΢̵ս£ǲԾֵֻķ˿


һΣ岻ٿơ
ǰƶסߵСЦݴչ
ߴʱҲƤ˼չĽȥ㿪ǡ
屻ϷˣһΣЦվֱ壬˼ؿŸԼ˶
Դı飬ػЦ

㲻ԡ΢΢ͷ⿴Űߣֵ
߻Цڵؿ۾˿ûкµ˼
忴ǰɰŮݺ绨Ц̣𽥳У̲סٴδ˹ȥ
˭֪û湻һȥЦ
һΣ׼һסߵĺףǰһ⣬ε˫ıһ
º彫ֻߵĲӡ
ָڸպסһ벱ĴָǵԴбĽǶȡ
´ҧһ°ߵĴ꣬밢˾룬ϸЦ
Լ´̵ģζ
ִ˹ֻԼͷ䰢ߵĶͷ
ΪһɫĹԡ
ԨΪʲô㻯ΣҲܷѽ۾ɫ޷԰Ρ
ǰԨܷ⣬ԨһֱŹ⡣
ůģİߣ˵ΪϲСһߣﶼǹⰡ
һ˲䣬ð߲ʵֱ̻뽻ӵɫӳȤƺΪ
Ȼʱߺȴ˲ɫ̻ǰ֪ͨץס˴˵İš



44 ץ
̨,ݸĨһѰߵ죬촽ϵ֭Һȥ
Ҳܣ΢΢,ڲ
һָˡ߱
һ̣ҡһ,С,ٴſϰߵļ硣
էҹ,һƽĺӰ,żϸȺס̻֮ðܼĲָȥ
߷еٶȺܿ,ը̻һ̻ڶϣһ̱ǹ,ʧ
ԽӽĿĵصĽ,Խ̻ըмӵ֨֨
ǰļϮͷ,ϿиΪٴչǰ
ǰ,ڵϿڻ,ֻС,Ǿ˼ĳǳı
ɽ׸,ƣߴͳûཫĿ֮ĸ֮̽С
û,Щ޹ȥİնǸµ
һ,³Ľ룬ÿһһֻ
ĸ֪̤Ȧ,׷׻æӴܣֳһš
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˵ӵ죬Ҳ
мһεǡ
ԱǰߵĿڱ
֪̽״ŤƿһȷŽȥ鿴
߼С֪꣬СҪҲǰ鿴
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Ϊͷ˷ѹ̻
㿴߾ϲؽеָŵϼֻȵĸ󣬺ЬɢİԼҩĩҵҩˣ
ָķȥƼǰЩͼİ취̵ĸʧҡҡͷЦһ̾Ǹ߹ˡ
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ˣ鿴Ƿ𣿡ʵ
ţǳٳδҵϮ彫Լеǵ˵
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ͷȻ쳹صðߺеǳϤ̾ܳŲ鿴
С֣ǰǾ⣬ڵϣĺ
ԭǸǱϵ·Žһѷ׷ǵİϮȥ
֮ǰǾȾϹֲǱ
һɫζ壬ħϺᴿɡǱǵ½ǣһ壬ͻΪڽϸߵ¶˲仯Ϊ壬˳žȫ¡
Ҫּθܺ߻ᷢȿԣѸ
ûΪ´󲿷ֹ
ɴʱ;ĩ·ĸҲɱۣ˼սʣǱ
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ǰȥֻֻСģ𡭡ҡ
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ǰЩȱһȴЩɱ˵ҲԼеһ۵㡣
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ڰߵ֮ǰĸ̫࣬мǱûƤ
ڰǰʹһ˿зһɫ̻Ծš
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ΪΣߴǰȥʷļ羱
Ϊ˺ữΣ߲²ţѵǰ󣿡
ҡҡͷЩȷĴ𰸡
Ծڿɫ̻֮ǰļƻžǰʰо֡
Ϊ󡢰ߺͰԨһᰲȫӭĵȴ뿴ǵڵ棬§ڻеİ
񣡡ԾǰһѽӰᱧڻȥ
ߺ֪ͨɱʿ˵ǵħ޷ܿͻȻų
ǲģںԾϸʰֳ֮뿪ǰ
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εӰҲתͷӰԣҲ˵ǵĲһ
еʱǣתԴǰĻ磬˵Լļ⣺ǺͰݶ˵Ͳͬ
Լ˵ϣеżԼֱû
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ԾǼ񣬾ǲԾ
һʱż˵ڵĻҲýͰǡ͡ǡ
ٴתͷŻ°߽飬¶ɻ󡪡ʲôҪż
һ壬֪ԾͰĹϵˣ
ԾΪ£ŴԴС
һͣȴķϣԾֻͨ佫޷Ϊ¡
ѽǲǡ߿ʼǵͷŸݡ
ֱӵĻ˵룺ϲ󣡡
ǰͷߵʿ⻰Ųɵö˶٣»ʹҡһ£˲Сʿ̧ǰУֻ*ԭȵӡ
ϲ
岻̫ϲĺ壬׼ȷ˵̫İ
ΪԼƽȵذÿһԼõˣѾʦԼһͬڵţԼΪµİߣһõ
Ȼ˰߿Сϲĺ塣
ֻǿбԼһش𣺡ϲϲգǿȻֵϲġ
ҲСش￴Ƶģͷĺ壬ǹһһ㡣
˼һ߲ͼʳﻰԨϲ𣿡



45 ճյİ
Ȼ
ᶨ,Щŭ⣬Լܵһ㡣
תͷòŵŰߡ
ΪհΪͽ,ǰͿʼ֣ڼΪ±,ڽħ֮Ϊȥ鼮
֮ӭӰ챻,Ա΢밢߹
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̽˼,ʿעĿȥ
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һ,Ծӭ,ָһλСſڵȺǡ
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֪Ծ˿̽飬Ҳƽûӭ,С˹,΢΢ЦЦƳǰͷ·
С˫ִڶԲ,ʹͷǰ
ٶȲ죬ðɫӳ¿һ·ϵľɫ
ͨǰԺݲĹʯ,ȴһשȡ
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ȵ̨,ǰһƬ
ʱǴɻδʢֻһЩ̵ĺҶſˮϣŸɫɽʯصһȺɫɫɫĽ߮ˮˮҫ·Բ⡣
ųͷʱע⵽ƫԺҵãƳһۣȴһհ׵λߡ
פ㿴λָϽС˵ĽŲ
Ҳע⵽Ǹλ㣬밢ߴӦþǰλʶ
Ϊûдߺʵ
ƺѾϰ߰Ԩܹ˵һЩҪƲ⣬ȻԷԼʡ

ûʲôֻʵҲ֪֪顣
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ҹ߲ãע⵽߽Сֻ˵󻰣׷üԶԡ
һ΢кȻ˰ŵۣžȵʿ˼ⲻļǡ
߳еͷظұɡ
ϣ̧Žݡ
̤żӭ뼱ҴҶˮȥŮһײˮ衣
߿ŮȥıӰ²ŰڿѾ˷ȵ֢״
԰
̧ü۾һߡ
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̽ͷ￴ȥҲ΢΢һ죬˵ѾǱȽϿŵıˡ
Ѿ²µ˰ڵ
壬ǽģǰİֻǽסϵİ󲿷ꡣ
߿ƹ磬ǰ
ҡ߻˵һͿסˡ
Ծ߸βһߣޱɢŴɢͷ˿ʮǷϡ
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񣬺˵úءﶼ
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ҪǱķʽˣ޵λðˣ޺ˡ
ЩֻܲڶԾڵ״̬Ļ
ֻܺĵȰοصģֻڶԿǣŻ΢ȣҿƽϢҵϢ
Ծɥ˲ָɣ۾
ֵһ°ߵļֵΪβ˵
߱ĵһϵСҲĲҡ¡
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Ծԣ¶Ρ
ңʱҲûôֻ࣬ŰѰذȫĵطơ
ǡͷˡ˼ض԰˵΢΢˸
߲ףֻΪ԰ŲͬѰ㺣Żֵ˹
˿Ԩ֤ԼĲ²ȷġ
ƹԾɵĴ齱ߣСߴǰĻ飬ȴ˵鷳ǣ㿴ʲô
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˽ʱ䣬߳˫֣ջƣһۡ
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е֪Сߵʲôϲʲôǰ
֪֮Щǡӵ࣬ʲô
뿪Ů˳ƽݣߺС󣬴ͷȥ



46 ӵ
ŮͬǴһԵĹʯ,ֻһߡ
ԭĺԺһΪ˵᷿һͷ˵סͨ,Ա֤˫ס˽ԡ
߽ٴο϶Ծر
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㣬ŮŰ߽һ᷿һ䡣
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ߵĸϫ޵ͳ죬ֻڻϰߺ㽫ְȨĴ
һգεͳβͿɽϫӦⳡƽ١



47 ĸ׵Ĺ
ֳķʽǳ,ǲҪཻͬϣͻ鵽ʺϵǿ׳ĸڡ
ĸѡ񽫺ӴڸУ򽫸̥ȡ,ŽԼУÿӡ
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ϫͰһ,һֻɫë,ֻǶϲйɫʯӡǣܳΪ,ȫһһӡŬ͸Ƣԡ

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Щ棬ǿʵΪ֪Щʶ󣿡
ʦҽ˺Ĵ𰸣״Ʋش



48 Сְ
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˼ٹϷƣϾ¶һ˿ã
ܵ󷢳ĸƵ춯ʧ,΢΢һ˦β漴ɢڿС
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建ⲽߣֱ˵ڵء
ͷ
߲ŵ
˵ͷǷٴǿſ죬ҧסԲë׵ա
ѽ߾е



50 ħ
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Ŷ,ħСȸè,ħ֪ĶȥˡһϻŮӲҲ֪ǲȥˡ
˵ʱʱ,ֻٰè׼Ⱦ,˭֪һ˲佫˽ȥ
ڼġ,ֻèʧ˴ҵҰС
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ʵڹ۲ΧĳԱ֮Ŵѡ
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ֻץŰСһﱻİߴ˸˸ƨɶ׶ڰֻ߱С򡰹ཹཡط˺üȦڵϡ
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󱾾޲ؿǣ¹ϲߣҲǽŮԾ԰߲˸Ƕ԰߱һĵ⣻ϿеƵҲûֳرϲ
Ӧò裬裬԰ߵĸҲֻΪԣ
̫С֮侭һС
˫Լ뷨һ󡰹ࡱ
Ҳ֪˭Ķӽô
Ⱥһߴ͵Ӱ̤ųصĽŲվ˳涼˺ü¡
ߺ嶨һһֻ
ҹ˼ؿôǸԲң̫ˡ
˻һΧĶĬƵģƤ׷׿ʼҽС
ղŻ޿С򣬴ʱ޵øˣ̫ˣұͱǼũ죬֮һڲݶûԹ̫ˣ
ǱǰȰοСκԼĶƤҲڹУϵƺּ˼֡
ɫѿҵǸҵ⣬ˣûҵԳԵĶ
ƤĶ죬ɺǰȰοĴѾŬˡ̫󣬳Ե̫࣬Ҳ졭
ԭЩȻǣûﵽٹȵľ硣
ԼСΪʳϿȺ󣬶Ƥʱ伫٣ȺѾǺڵޣξüѰԡ
ؾеֲﺬħѿеˮҲڵӣڵĶǣ¶ǰˡ
һԼļƻǰҪǳȥģ
ֱӽǴٹǣڳһӣħ˳е⣬ٻΣ
˵ĶǼٵģȻұħӰȥǳҲñ
ǵúܶ࣬Ǹ֪رèﲻ⿼
ͷӣŴңǾ뿪ؾ»ṼħһƬ⡣
˿̣һֱû˵侲ؿ˿ڣǣ֮ҪǿǶؾУ»ѹ
⻰һʵ̨ףӦߵ顣
ʵҲĹħûʳûҹĿռУбĴ㡣
ҽ뷨˵
߿ıɶַĳŵţǳȥᵥȥѰħһЩ顣
һ뿪ԭħĻʴȣ⡣
ɲȺڴӦһ󼲷ʹӰϮ
аȵͳƮڿУԭԹǲϲҵؾĺ



52 ߵ
Ҳٴο,߽ϵ͵ʩϴ߸ؾеĶͨͨ˳ȥ
˽Ⱒ,֪Ҫ֤Щİȫðŷħ֮ʹױ͵Ϯʽվ˰ߺм,ֹϰʩ
ʵЩҲһѺ,Ȼʮ־ħ,ϵļ뿪ؾͷ

ոħ˵Ļ,ƺ֮⡣
˵£Ե壻˵¡һħô죿
¿ơݵһ,еĶﻶȸԾеĶѰˮԴ,еĶǵȲֱӵͷ
䵽ݵϵĺΧ,˲˽񾭡һ,ʱϯȫ,Ŷǵ,ֱſڵ˯˹ȥ
ֻСèΪʲô,šĸסܵߡ
С״,Ҳݻû£ѸٸϹñӴս,Ƿк
ȷϺƽȺ,Сŷ촽ϵ֭οֻСèİ,ĸֻ̫ۣ˯ˡ
ԼСһ,תֻعͷֻСèҲҺóԵ,ҿݾͲԿ
СȻӦǵĸٳԡ
˵꣬͹ɵĸ׻Ҳ۾С
ؾֻʣߡ˶š
˶ǣֱۣ߹岢쳣ᶨ
ǺĿģЩ޹ġ߿ڣΪԼ֮ǰΪ͡
û˵ֻ䶢죬ζ
ͷβûߵκΪֻһ٩غ󣬱㱧˫ŻæͶǳȥİߡ
÷ǳ
갢ߵķԣҲعһ㣬ת߿塣
װ߰ĳܻһ䡣
ԣ
ǧ߽꣬αװ֮ͨʱܹί˵ùֵöࡣ
ЩԶӰ첻ĵġ
ΪܵĻİ߿ûôߵľسʲôɫǾʲôɫ
һ˲һ̾Ц
Ʊ磬ҵ̫ˣЦţеοĸоߴһӣҿ㵽ǲҵ裿
кһΣ
Ȼһƻ졣
ʳָָ£ڿһӣͰ߲ϵ˲ֱ۴ϸ
ȻκβͰߣݵı仯ڵסߡ
ϣѰʱȴͰ߶Ѿټ
ˣҰؾһƬֲָĿռ䡣
æʶ֪̽ΧɾʶܿģҲֻޱߵĺڰƺһƬޡ
ռϷаȵǰߣ㾴ƲԳԷƣؾﳢħζɡ
СҺϲˣ
仰Ц뿪˿ռ䡣
鵤Ľ𵤣ޱߵ
ӵѾȫָΪ͹
Լ״̬ʩ˲ƣҪֱӳ뿪ڰĿռ䡣
ɼĺδĶϻ䡪޷뿪ռ䡣
ңΧһЩªġ֡
*
߱컳УûüӦͱص֮ǰķڡ
ͬҲǴŰߴӵĺڶġ
Ԩߴš
תż»صؾȳԼİԨȴһץס˲ϵ
İ߾⿸סԼһķж
ָڶʧˤ˵ϡ
˫ֳһѳϲϵ̧۶ݺݵض졣
ҵİԨôˣ
Ҳ׾е𾪡
ǰѹΪӦܿ죬޼Ǿ߲ʵ԰Щ˵ʿ
ɫͳƽʱˡ
˿̵İѾ¶Լڵľ硣
վɢ졣
Ȼȴûη˼ذ齣תͷ˳ץһŷϰڷŵɫѷŽһ߽һ߸߽
ġģĺƵĲͬĴʮƺа
ҵؾħؾÿƶϢϢء
ؽţİԨǸˣͲҪİΣ
߲ŶԷˣɱŶݺݵı飬ʵƾʲôһӯħˣ
㲻ţҲԽȥ첢ûߣʢ밢ǰؾ
˵ܹٽ䣬ǰĿǵ˵ҽȥ
ʱץһͽһĵȰŰߣһ£һؾؾеÿ˶뵥ȥҲҲѡ

ˣңҧ
жܳ⣬Է֪ȥҪȰԨȴڵθں󣬸ȥҲûá
ǲʿ𣿡еѵԼ
˵꣬һűɫѸߣˡ
ûнӶԷݹˮֻǿʼʹ侲˼
ԨƺֻСȡһ·
ȷʵûؾеĶϾɱȻ˵ĻҪؾУȴûгЩ
㵱治˺Ԩҡټᶨ
һڴϵ֭ҺǺе촽Եøˡ
ȻҪɱǻ𣿡Բѵ㲻Ϊҵĵ̣һܸҿɣ
ԣ׼ȴһ仰õɴ˫ۡ
һֻޣҲԹС𣿡ɣ˵ʲôͨͨ顣
ߴ˿̶԰Ԩĵռģ׷ţܱ֤Ԩһȫ𣿡
쿴߶Լ˵Ļûжٺ棬һɴܸȻЩͷؾﻹûأö໵ܱԼħвȫ
ô˵Ԩץϵѳȥ
һ㣬ϲЦտ
ҵ裡ѷƢϰһû䡣
ҲڰϵŪ棬һվҪŰס
߼ԼҪײʹȫ죬лţ
԰ûһƴ˰ţѹס˸ղŰϵѡ
˷ʷʣò𣿡ߴ˿ܻ
Ȼ˵ؾ˺ԨҲţԨܺܿؾг
ǿ벻̣Ϊֹܹ棬ÿ춼ʷʡɺޣ
һ˵ޣһǷʷʣкͼָűƵŵֵôˣ
ôת衯ʲôˣӣħ·ϵ֭ˮɾ
··ǣ°°ͣ춼еίˣⲻǵԼʱҵ𣿡
͵ػ֣Լ蹲ͬļƬ߶ǰ
Ƭ˲û밢ߵüģδĻڰߵԺС
һԼ߷ƵСֹﴩٺɫİӣֻСһ㡣
СĹĵģ۾ð΢΢⣺Ҫ˵Σ裡··ǣ°°Ǹʷʣ
СȻЩ졣
ɫ۴䣬ǿǰֺĿɰСסԷС㿴ཱུģСʷҲΪ
Ҵ򣡡Сһȭ졣
ʹװġ
߶һֱһֵ̧
Сôô󣡡Ȼһֻֽ۵ָԭ״
ߣҿޣΪǺ۸С𣿡СرֱۣΪԼʵֵеֱ֣۶ûǰȦֻܵǰ



53 
ƬĴ,ĻҲȻֹ
ۿڰϵ죬ֻϸж飬۾΢⡣
Ƭֻɹ߽ͬ,ҵ谡ƺһ̾Ҫжõᡣ
ɫĮ,ֻطʣôĻ,ҵأ
֪,Ͷ̥ת,ݡԸԱ𶼻ᷢ仯⽫СŮ,Եúܻ𣿡ͷԼ֪һ侲ŵǰ״
ǲԸԼʲô衱,ϾǰĲѾγɡ
,ǰ,ʱǰ,аĳ
еĵƻҡҷ,ɫӳ,챾аȵȥ,ԳһºͶõĸо
Űߵķûмڽ,ǴųЦЦ,Ȼ԰˵㻹ǸǰһȻܹ˶,ҵ衣
ԽԽ꣬ҵ衱ҵ衱
һİ˶Լܵĳƺ,˭ܡ
վֱӣֱ,ɫض˵ҾһħҲЩ
ǰǲе裬ڵҽаߣƺΪߡϵ
µ񣬰ѾҪ˼
ðħĿɰתϵ䷲ޡ
Դ˲ûʲôдǰӣǰİʲôϵأ
ֻħ˼Ϊж߲꣬ζԷǣԼߡ
ͬҲûҪǿȰ̽һе˼Ƕ˾һһƽ
*
ڰؾУ徯ؿΧЩª֡
Щ״죬иݵģаֵġ
ȫ͸Һ壬ǿռϷͶµ΢ϱΣ忴ǡ
ֵʪģ·֮һ̲ˮա
˼Ƭ̣ѡֱӽЩֻ󷽡
Щֵ˶ģ岻ԼĵУĪЩꡣ
ԷؾеĹ岢δ飬ʹʽǳ
ԸΥԽŬЩԶԼЩֵԽ࣬ӿʾԽ졣
ûãֵൽҪռռ䣬ˣЩǿԤĹһһδζ㿪ӽΧԡ
ǧһ֮ʣʶԼ˼ܲЩֱԭ
ǰڽڽ֮ʣħ
ʱνһϣȱĹذħĻжΪ³ӤŶȹ˽١
²ţؾпһħ
˲£˫ֺʮϢˡ鱦Ʒ
оʱҪľԵƽûΧǷ춯ҲûǷּΧֻǰĵؽеһ֡
*
Ȼۣȫʧֻʣޱ޼ʵĺɫռ䣬ͿռϷµİ׹⡣
𣿡Ҫ֪ԼǷԶ뿪ؾ
ϸ΢ҲڹĿռлص
ݵľ֮Χ𽥴Цʵ
ԶһȺɫС޻ų
徯״ܹСһûйͼһ̧ͷ¶һź갢ƵС
СǿɰˣվǰŵǼ̧ǰţϣ۾˵ôϲֻСǲҲϲǰ
ƲסĵĻϲԷشһƣȻϲ
ڵѾ鶼񣬺̬С᲻ϲأ
ֻСĻȴüͷС죬ҡŤŤš˵òϲ
̧üͷɻؿֻС֪Ϊ⡣
ȺСҪʲôϲ
ԣǲҪϲ
Ҫ
ҪҪ

ΧеСš

һͷˮܣٶǰֻͷ˵Сһ
ģΣͰʱ߷ֻûаԲҲûа߶־Եĺɫʯӡǡ
ڻ֪һصĿ鵽ʲôȺȻֵС˿ɰҲ¾
ȻСǾʴȣ̤˫ȣӣ̧ͷгȻɫ
Ҫ߽һ㹲
ֻδ˵ֻСͱһߵ˺š
¶ɫ
Ͱ߽Ϊ£Ϊ˹ͬЩСؾġ
СҲ֮ǰۿɰģһþġ
ʶⶨؾĵڶ
վߵһֻС֫޳磬ģմǺյĲϵһˡ
ʵкܸߵǷء
˵һ䣬ٴһƽȷɡ
˿̲ʶ֮ǰֻȵСģ°ߵ̬ԻģЩСŲЧŸĻ˷ʽһֻ̬ɵĳԱ˵
С״Բ֪ضס
񻣬ĵȥײѪЦһ忪˿ڣٽʦͽ壬߽˫˫ɣѻָԲҵںŵ֮
徯ıȻһ䣬ֻ˵öԣȷʵڲ֪гںͰ߹ĸоԼϵְˡ
֮ǰ߳ȥҲЦŷ֪Ȼ䣬ʵۡħЭ飬ָ£ֻ˳ģĻ䡣ˣ
ŵģʼ˼ԼΪ
ദЩӣûš
ͣ޲ͣŰ߽ħµ
Լû£ֻڵȷʵѻָؾĿȷʵӦûصڣԼΡ
巭ȫð΢⣬ָʦĴ硣
ǿ߰ɣƶ˫ɨΧĵСǡ
Щû˵СƼƣ׷׺˼
ĵȴţ߽ҲǣʲôȲϡ
һ۵Ľ⣬ĵϮȥֻ˲仯һ̡

һΨһʲôȵ
С˲仯ƮɢڿռС
վͦţ̧ͷռϷİɫߡ
ؿ飬㹻𣿡
һ̣ԶٴδŲʮ˷־ȴһʱΪŽŲģаߵ
ԨԨߵ٣ѽˣ
ϽӦߣأ
ĻӦķ
忴ߴӺڰԼһܱ
ˣþãίҪ޳Ƶġ
ḧŰߵļοģⲻúõ𣿡
ǱߵģǹеأûΪ㣿
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й⣬ҸղѰʱûֹ̧ͷϷ
⻰ɹע˹ȥ
Ԩǿȥˡߵͷߴȥĸ׺òã
֪һֱ룬ҲѰĸֻδ˼ϸļƻ
ҪѰϫȻһڡ
żæİߵļ򣬸ҵȥһڡ
ΪΣڲǻΪʲôȥһ㣬ץֲţѵǾɣһûͲУ
ͻȻʲôԡ
ءȥ
ȷʵڵĴվڰǰ֮ǰɲ֪Լ尡
ǰİߣǲ˸Լȷݵһ̣
ⰢߣĪҲؾĲ
һ㣬ˮԹԵţӦ뿪ҵġҪȥڣҪȥ
忴ǰ˴İߣ¶˵Цա
̧ߵ°ͣöԷֱԼ
ߣȥ𣿡ţôֲȥˣںʲô
ٰ߶ʱ
ֻǻþħĴ̬ûԻ壬ֹ֤Ŀܡ
屾Ժ˼Уװ̫£ڰѰĸ밢ദЩ鲢ûϸµ硣
ֻʱƭɹһ侲еΪЦ
ſܵ°ͣ͵ʹ
˲䣬ٰҲɢںڰռС
ɣͷϷĹӴۡ
*
ķУںȷϵħϸڡ
͵һ֪ͣѾҪͨгˡ
ʣʹӰߺĻ֪Ĺϵһ㣬飬ǵ¡
һתͷ
Ѹߵ߸ǰֽ̧ǰ鷢
ؾѳǡÿһĻ
û뵽ֻǷֿô̵ʱ䣬߾ȻôĽӴ*
ߴ˿壬תͷʲô
ȴһֽ§УƵüִյ߶˵û£ֻǲɵˡ
ݵķŭû
侲ͷԼµĵۣһơ
ڵڵװ磬Ȼ밢˵
ԨѱҴؾоȳȻ߹µĻ飬ƶͰѰԨˡ
˵껰תȥ
ԣһ¾ͻˣ߾ȫɣתҪȥ׷塣
ƿ˵šɡҲҪѰ



54 ׷
ڵΪ,䵭סṦǳ뻯
ʲôٹһЩָзӰ
̧ͷֻǳϿһɫŮ,գֱֱٹǵȥ
һǰ,һҧظԼҪͷ,Ҫ
һЧķ
ͣ,ֱӽ,⽫ʤ
ת˲ʹӴŴжϳԷ塣
֮࣬ʶŷס
,Ԩ˳ΪԨкԼµԼ,Ϣƭ,Ԩ˿һԶ
ߵṦͲ,,ıӰԽź,Ҳ޷ټ,ͰԨԼϢҲ޷ٻá
ֹͣ׷,ŵſڵĵϣԥҪҪͷֱȥڡ
ǰ׷,˵ҪԨǰ,뿪ķߵĳţǰϱڵ·
,Ƽվڳſ˼æ䵽,ץסߣȱ,Һ㡭
䡪
ͻȻУֱĿڣֲ˱˺ԶǱɵ˵档
׵ĽľͷųĻϵȼķβһѻǣΧ̲ݡ
ڰϽˮϵ͵͵ǣصݴԺͷ
΢ҡӰ˿վڳ⣬պ䵽ĵط
ڵأŵŰߡ
ɢͷսζɫĮҲŵϵ졣
ΪңҴͷβδ˺㡣˸˵Ĺ⣬ʵ

𣿡ǶԵһ㣬ͷоǱӡ
ؾеԽ룬ȴƭҲܽȥҾȰԨǻŭڻС
Ϊ֮ǰĻûǿнռȰԨȡ
Ͻţûƭ㣡
ؾħ鱦ħƴģԼʱ롣
߿ӲģȻЦˡ
µ㻹ʲôýƱģбڵİֻħĿܽ룬ξ°Ԩģ
ıͷսͷĻҽĿ˵Ųţѣʼնûܵ˽ؾ
һ˾ųɵĹ޷˵òᡣ
ԲЦݣǰԨأ㵹ǻҰԨ
ҡ䷢ǻѪ
û˵ѣУֻܵؾеİԨ
ֻʼγɵռһУҲ֪Ϊλһھĵʿ
벻岢ǡࡱģû취⣬һֻαɴڵʿġ
߶ӶⶼƷֿͰԨӦõġ
ǣνƱ磬ҲˣһתϵļʢΪҲ֪֮ǰЩĶʲô˼
ֱԲСΪؾгǰԨǵĹϵ
ļƻʧܣҺĹϵΪĶ֮ˣ˰ԨԽ˵Խߡ
˦ͷת˫ֳգһħ𣬿ڿ˵İ裬ʵʶҰٰá
ǰԶ죬ٴλͷϵЦݲã˵Ļȴſ͸һǰǰԵֺʹֱӵֶΣ
˵⻰ڽż⣬һȥԭذա
ݴʱ׼ȻС͵͵ʹսͬĳ䣺ħǱԩġ
վԭأĿڵۿɼٶϡ
ԩʮί
ǧħܻǺΪ
԰߲ˣ
뿪ħǰѴﵽ˴ھ磬ֻǲԸΪħ񣬲һֱѹԼΪħ硣
հ̽ǣѲټʱͿʼѹΪհ˽ǡ
ʱΪҲͨȥѰԼ˼ҹ衣
ٹǣ첻ˣҪȥڡ
*
岢ûֱӻڣǰ֮ǰÿʧٳֵķѰҰ
ܿ죬͸ݰеҵһƬľ쳣ߴӡ
˼棬ϡǽһΪʿãǾǧ걻
Ѱãҵôһһϸϸĵط
⴦еֲһ£ȫ˾ֲ͡
ΪľߴïʢʱҲղ֦Ҷ·гʪΪֲ̬Ҫ࣬ʮֺˣǶͷΣա
ȻûйߣûƻֲǵģЩꡣ
忴ʱһտĻϺ˯
Ǹпһ£ԭտҪչˣűֻѴİ
ȥٹǣܾܲȳЩաԼûжĻҪһڡ
˯ѣԺģָԼʵң
ԣɣعھᡣ
ЩץȥġաǰΪŰħƭˣֶԶʹ¶֣ھȲǶе
̾˼ĺڰ׾޲ٹЩգͲʵ԰ӳЩΪѰ˲ͬǵġʵʵڵģִﲻı񼫵ĳ̶ȡ
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ûѹ
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ܷܱ߳ǰ棿
û⡣ԾûԥӦҰźǵ񣬱㶯飡
ʹٹǵ顣
ΧĳǳشٹǳݣΪۣ˵Ҳǳ¡
ԾӦʹ죬Ҳ֪ĸֲһ㡣
ٹڰյΪѵֻħ幦Է̬ǿӲҲðնţԼıͰҪ
Ծ֣صͷŵҶԴΪء
*
ǰȻء
иӦһ㣬򿪣ŵĵ֪Ÿλ߻ع飬漴жӣͷӭ
ϰԵĿбӽš
عӦϢ𼱻ǵظ˹ࡣ
ʦڻˡü
š
ϲϲ
ع岢Ͻ񣺡ʦǰŸһλŮӣҪҪȥ
ΪǰߣѯţλŮ˭
ʦڻػعҲůϸϸش𣺡Ů
Ųסع㣬ѯʣ˭



55 
عӵ,ƣֱȥ
ԺлŽأľʢ
Գ,ƻֺ꣬ɫǽϺݶ,ݶ߷ֱһµĵ,ׯضʧš
ߵĿ,ŲĵƼʦ,תͨ
첽ͷ˽ϥ
׷һ,ʱ
Ҳֻ̧ʾ
ڿտٰʽ,ͷûӴ,ֻмʦүͷεʡ
еĿյ¶ٺжվ,ʮʮ˴ʱվڿյص롣
ڴ֮ǰ,ε̸Цɡ
ӵͨ,ɫװЦ,վš
Ŵ,ҲҲվԡ
Źӭǰ,뵽Ļƻľε¡
嵭,һӵعع£˳
ǡڵӸˡ
ֶ˸롱,źһͬ
һߣһ߹º͵ѯʣһȥü,δ˵д·
崹,Լʵ飬ħ壬˼޹̾ţ֣µͷȷд·
ŵ˵Ķ˶٣װ򶨵ֱ壬ֱֱ壬ȴʦ顣
岦Ūеִ˼ƣȥţŷպҪ¡
ŵĵţСƽʱҲΪʦ𡱣ֱӳƺĵš
ǡŵüӦҪȻһָʾ
ȴ˼ŵΪ岢δ˽ʱҲ㽫˸֪ơ
š
˼ɫ࣬ԶſĪԡ
գۣ˼ʵڵĿˣȻٲۣɫ͵ѯʣƣλǡ
ᵽλŮӣŲŻ飬΢ЦŽܣֿ֮Ů
üβһ磬ƹϵܣȴδһС١ֿѣڽϣҲδ١ʿ
̲סɵĵѣԴ󣬲̫ǵˡ
һ˵٣űϲЦտɷнµض˵ҵС㣬СЩ۸ŽʿУҲ˸ڵΪ
ʱʶСסʦˣ˵Щٰݼľϸϸһ顣
ԽԽ֣Ϊ˵Щȫûӡ
ԼǧˣϻҲǲܣѡɻС
ƺûʲôףƴСھΪǰļ̳˺𽥱ÿʡ
Ϊ̳ѡҹޣûϢôʶ˽ˣ
ɵĵס
ɫģƿнܵ
忴æȭҾСŮݼ
Цţʵڸͷų̽
Ϣȷ϶ԷڵʿŻӦﲻؾ񡣡
Цݣٶԡ
ҲϲҺûе͹ĵУǰȫ׼ƭơ
ڳ˶û죬
һڵʿ׾ʹ۸ļ䣬ʲôֿѣʲôڰݼ壬Ĺ°ˡ
Ҳ̽һǳûЩеľ
Ĳ̽з
ľƽƽǰһԼΪ޷̽ʵȻû취αװ
ʦţ⴫ӵǰõλ߹ٴ
忪ڣžæֵּΡ
ߴٵ
ǡӵͷӦѸǰȥ찢ߡ
ǰҲᣬԲͻǱֶԼ壬æҡ
뿪˵һ
ȻûܼǷƼţ˵ϵǰϣͷĽعع̶޷ʱʶСϿȡ

ţʱڳ˵£ҲûüӴ߹ǹⵡġŽ͵ʱ
Ϊ߹ԼϿڵཻƣǰ߿϶ģ˵ǻǾʶ
΢΢üڰεʡ
عع̻й밢߷ͻȷʵǳ⣬λһᴦ¡
ʱæŵѡΣͷַ˲ر󱻵£˰߲
岻ֱ֪˲ӣ⣬ƺڴֵİߡ
ҲۣذڳȻ̬
ʿ磬ִƱŲȣڵӵָŵǰ
ûٰһֻۣĿתض壬Ȼ󹧾һݣߣԨ
Ʋûмƽϰ߶ӶΪ˰ߺƺ֮ǰн
˷˽̸ûгϣǰص͸¶Ϣ⡰Ԩ˭
֪߽ŰԨǰԨȥһֻµİԨأ
רעڴ壬ƵĶ
ƾģ̧üϷûעĽ䣬عۻ⣬·Ҫ̻
ع̲סʲôʸҪʦ£
عȴûע⵽˵ľʲôֻ΢΢תͷмƳعһۣջߣȴĻش
ܿҵ˺ʵĽ취
Ҳڳһʿ׵ƣԼǿƶԨԨԴħؾ˲ᣬ˷ҵĿռﾲ
һ̲ס˸ƨ͡
òɵ밢ߡ簢߹ﲻ⣬ס£ÿջЩʱ㣬Σ
߲û¾˼ú󣬲Ž飺ãҺͰԨʹˡ
ʵϣ˼ǷӦڸܰԨϵԼǿ
ͰԨֻҪ밢ԨһľڣͨԼɢϢ˽ⰢԨ
ղܵԨϵԼι̣ҰԨϢʮ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ԨأֻҪԨȫٹǱѾиԾղ޴󰭡
ôҲעʱ˸ۣħؾҪôʤħȫˣҪôħɣֻʣʬס
֮⣬ûܣ˸޻̸֮
б壬һνף˵ѡ
²ۺͱӹʼ˼Ϊʲô岻Ԩ
ѵνİԨʵѾȳģһʬ壿
ʱһ֣ԽԷ߸壬Ǻ߰ߣ練ƣ
Ҳ֪ΪȷʵǿΪƽɫΪһͻݣڣ֮ûһ˿øеġ
ȷеļƻ쿪ļˣֱվߵԱߣɷסЩǶǿˣиӦ
У
У
ܾͬʱ
һ壬һԺһԵع̡
һֱҧгݵع㶼һʱع̽Ƿӷ裿
Ҳȵؿع̣ոջ޴ڸеˣôȻ
ʶԼղʧ̬ع̺߿ǹͳϸ΢˵ע⡣
ƣѵλڵĴ֮ҪΪ᷿Ա֤᷿вǿ¼
ȻҲԶλֻٹɵʿڣʱҲᰴط䷿䣬λϡ
û⡣ȴӦѯԼסǺھ磬ɷסʦЩ
Ҫʱ̸ܵԨϢ֤Ԩİȫ
Ķʱ£һشȻԣ֪߹ǷסҵСԺ
˲ᵽΣգ徹밢סԼԺӣˮ¥̨ȵ£ⲻԼӽʲô
ɲղű쳣ع̾СǰΪӦסŵӲߵ᷿
ƺعɶͷԣعƽʱعȸ˾Щʧ
岻ڴ˶ֱǾͽ˸Դȥסɡ
عԣϽ߰ɡ
Σֻعȥ
ع㵣ع̵״Ҳŵ¸˹ȥ
֣ߵһ롣
߱ͷлߡ
ֻվ岢ʵʲôʱе͹أ



56 ߵĲ²
彫ߴԼԺ
ʵ,峣⴦񣬲᳤ʱסڵıԺڡ
ֻݰԺû˾ס,ҲὫԺɨøɸɾ
Ժڶɰһೣֲ
ʱֵĩԺڸָĻϮ,һٵ龰
ԺһԷ,Ȼסݡ
ָָߵƫ,԰˵䷿ڵĳð,߹ǷԸ⿴
߸Ͻ̧űһݣžͺãޣ
ͷ,̧ߵĺ󱳣ƫߡ
,߸˷䡣
һ·,ߵ۾ʼû뿪,ڵľɫǰֶûС
֮ǰ,,ȷϰԨİȫ,߲ſʼ۲塣
ܾ,ڵһߵؾмĲ̫һ
һ,ǹǿĳߣһ,࣬ȫ¶͸һǿҵϤ,񡭡Ԩ
ƫĳȷʵոµģⱾ뿪ǰΪ׼ġ
˿ȼƻʱЩ,߻ǰԭƻס˽
Ϊ˸ߵĻϵ,ڰڷŵֲ㣬᣶ɫɫ
ʮʡ
ðԼ̽һ·䣬ڵ߹Ա㣬ƶ
ȴæס壬ָķԲʣɷġ
һ˲ȻԸԼʵݸ߶ཻ顣
ˣŵϣһֱֻ۷棬Ӳ㿿ߣ̧һָֻεʣ߹롣
Сò£ӣ˫ַϣòʣ̣֮ǰ˵ͰԨԨԴǺ⣿
ǺЦ˼ŵشߣ϶ץʱ¡
ܿ˵ǣЦݺֱӰߵ۾˵ǰҴƵȣƵҲԨҵǰˡ
ҵʱ˳־
ԭˡɻƵͰԨʩ䣬ȴΪβԸƵͰΪͽҪ͵ɽȣ
ϵֻ£ҲöЩ
ڶͨӣƵͰԨⱻżϸ͵
Ⱥ⣬ƽƶҪ֯ŶԸħϣʵڳ鲻ʱָӣЩδչͽ
⻰⣬ͨЩ£߰ԼδչͽܣرģҪð߳ΪΨһͽܡ
ɰ߲ûЩע⵽ᵽʿ϶Կħ顣
ʱľѾ˵Ųûоְ𱣻գħĬʧ˱ġ
ߺȻؽת棬Ϊ̲סڱԹͽҲûħ¹ܺ
ٴתߣȴ嵭ƺԨ߷ƣֻǶ³ĵȻͳ
֮䣬غһһֵͷڰи֡
Ԩмûеʵӡ֤Լе뷨

Ҳְߵı䣬ֲ֪ʲôǾȥش⡣
¶΢ЦطʵΪ
⼬ֵ⻹˰ߣȻصŶԷԼ͡
ߵͷ죬ԼĲ²Ҳûð壬ǹ壺ص˵ܾðԨκ󣬸ʮơ
Լע⵽аɵ߼壬̳Ҳڴʱˡ
ԨĽ⽫Լòú͵һ⻰ģӶɬζ
ˣԼͰԨĹϵնϵܣԨ뿪Ԩûڻǰҡ
˿̵ֻƲ͡ԨĹϵð߲پġ
ȴôһ˿˿ð
*ԸѹɰںȻҲǻϲġ
߲ΪԨ
̧֣ʳָطпʱӰ쵽˰Ԩڵ°ԨеӰӡ
Ҳشֻ΢΢ͷĬ˰˵
̧İߵļ򣬰οð߹ͰԨ棬ʲôʱ밢Ԩɡ
߳ЦŵͷȫĵȴҹȴڲܵԼͰԨԼƴ
߶̽ԼϢһͬȵǣϵҲͰԨһޡ
̫ˣ
֪ԼҪ飬뿪䡣
֪⣬һֱҾ
󣬰ľعϷţ˼߻£ˮΪԼ衣
ȻԼ֮رóԼͰԨԼϢĴô
²ţѵΪԨĿռУͷųϢᵽռ˵ϣ
ֻ˵ģԨˣΪˣӶϢϣ
Ժ˼ԣǸ뷨˳ѵԨ˽飡ǱԼѾ
*
ع̰ĿĵأĵΪæǰæ󣬻˵ҪΪɨ䡣
ҲعΪֹ̫Ծǳع̱Լļ϶ʩ˷뿪
ò׽ߣûͣƬֱ̣Ӵ򿪴һԾܿڵӵĶĿԺȥ
Ժſڣһô֦ϣҪԺȴƵ뿪ˡ
Ҳ̲סС죬Сһͷٺ١
ԶֱӷɽԺӣ̽鵽˰סķ䡣
*
ˡ
˰ߵ˼عԼĲˮ˱ӡ
ѽѽһϽʰо֡
ˮɺתȥ鿴Ǳߵ
һ߿һ߸̾ţĵĴֱ
ſ˵ýˣ㡭ΪβŰ
ŷӦԼֻˣߴǼð¡
ǸץһԼβݡһ뿪⣬ƵǱߡ
һʱûӦͷ
üſȥŽԷݡ
ؽ´лܵлﲻ
Цһƣʲôʱ˵ˣĶ˰ݷñôģ
ϸ۲ŷڵļҾߺװΡ
ȻԺķǱԺķ侫¶ˣסǴûԣûɫ޵ᣡ
ߺţ
һעŷ״챻ߺ񣬲ŽͰͻӦʲʲô
ߵ޹Բָָۣ
ɻˣӸղƺ˵
˲Ÿס䲻ãúϢ϶ʲôĿģ
£Ҳ˶棬ղŵǱˮƵֱߣΪһݹȥ
ѰҺ£ѯʵ



57 ̽
׼һ׺˵ǡ
ڵǳڰݷõҺ,ڵŵӱν΢
ǰ߹֮Ľ,оǶƺǾʶ켷ɤӣԼԵòô
˵,ǰĲˮ,۾ȴһֱŰߡ
עĿ,Ϊ,Ͱ졣
˼һڳǰ,ϿҲ岻ٶ飬Ҫ˵Ĺϵ,ҲֻŹٹ¼Ⱥ,йһ֮Ե,ԷߵϾ,֮ûиˡ
˼,ͻȻʶ,ϿڵԼж,Լ̬ƺ̫ò
ʶ̸ϡߵĿǫ,ֻǱӵˡ
,֮ǰвı,ᲦȥϲĲˮٶһڡ
ȵĲˮ,øȶ
,Ȼߺ岢Ϥ˵ʲôᱩ¶Լݣı䰢߶ĿҲ׾١
˵֮ŮЦ󣬿Ҳǫڵϵúܺãʵ֮ǰҲδţز졣
в豭ŤӣϲԱ㲻ԼҶ
⸱Ůɬ̬ʿװ룬߿ֿʼɣǲҲͼϾĿõġ
˰ԨǸƵա
Ԩˣ᲻ᷢԼԨʱЩ¡
΢΢˦ͷ뽫ЩϡŹֵ˼˦Ժ
αʾģߵǰ裬ǸԸʣ˵Сޡ
߽ҲԼǷ㹻ƽܵð߳ͷ
ʵ߹ǷԸ⡭
ɰлǲϸֳƵҵĻ棬ȭͷʹһӡ
ˣ
ֲᣬһĲͲ豭˼¡
첻֪ߴ˿Բһ棬ΪǷ飬Ͻ԰ԷﲻԸˣˡ
˵գ̧޹״
߱滹иںԼԻ
ǸǸոʧ̬ˡæţһЩ£
ϽڣΣʵո˵ǣ
һͨǸ֪ղŰˣԼְԭƻԼ˵һ飺߹ǷԸһڵǴһϲã
Բ˽ЩСһڻؾɲأףӦΪǡ
ܾҲδ٣ֻ̽Ե⡣
Ȼ߲Ըȥ̽ϲã˵߶ûжУ߹ϵã֮󽫰ԨƸ͸ˡ
鲻ŰߣһҪԼߴϹͬ˵ߡ

߹Ϊ֪ʱɷָһ
ţԼССʿ߶
ȷʵһˣô򱧲ƽ
ڱںúõذڣûʲôΣպͱҵ߶ûշ֮ġ
߸һһӡطܶŬ
οݣ/;ѧϰĹɲࡣ
ԹһתɵǫؾܾҲʦѧյģûʸָˡ
ҲûֻܾԷϿҵ㲻Ǹ𣿺β£
ܳΪŵ״ӣǰ;޿
˵жų˹â·ڴߴٶϽж
вмƵΪΪʦ
ڣҲֻܸһϸˡ
ɱţɲϱ¶
תĵ棬ҪΪͽ϶Ҫشŵ𡣡
⻰߿ɲˣϿ̰ڣٿҲԹ˽硣
ı鲻ƣü΢΢𣬷ʵȻأнݾ
ĿжһǱԨҵĸףͨĿĵ·ǿ̿С
޷һʿͿʼ뷽跨߽ݾνаޡħʲô
߲֪ǣ⡰ʿħޡ
ħ磬ǿʳ淨򣬵죬һƬɱӱΪħֵġ
ħûһǧҲа˰٣ÿһӶгΪħĿܣĲп̶ȿ֪
쵱Ǳж־ؽħеı˳ʷ̨
ֻֻ뷨ûоļƻⶵתתصԭȵ˼ά
ʶԼеĲףһʱҲû취ת
սסʱ̣Ȼһ󼱴ٵĽŲһɱ
ߺ춼̲ס̽ͷ
Ҳܵǹɱˣ㲻ǲ𣿡ɻؿ졣
ǡָָͷˡ
ع̷𴳽Ժ̤ڵϵĽŲ첻˵ﻹŴ
Ѱ壬սݲãʧȥټ
ʦʦ𣡡ع̴š
߼ǰԼҪȥ£æ׼Ŷع˵岻ԺС
ǿع̾ͷۣΪ߲Ǵˣɰվűߣʶվͳķܣ֮󼪡
ǡ
򿪣ȴһܲ
γôڡﰡ
*
߸ճžͿعԺϡ
ӿŲعСܹȥﻹţع̵ȥˣʱԺڡ
ع˰ߵ漴վ˽Ųת߸ķ
Ҳ˳վعԣ˵ոҰٺú󣬱Űȥˡ
عգֲͷյĴţȷͷû˿󣬿ȥĶѰĶȥˣ
ԭʩع󲻾ãع̾ͻָǡ
⡰ָǿʧǣٻӰٴռģͷסȥ
һи̾Ϊֱ
֮ǰͿع̵
Ȼع˽ⲻ֪عʦɫع̺²ƱҲ֪ģعͻȻתԣֳ˼Ȥռ
ֵع̻ӻ֣ع̵ˣʱڣ£
䣬ع̵۾ֱ
ǣһ֣ȴףֱӵ֣죡·
̲סЦж͵ԣⲻǼٳ˼άײ
عˣͦȤ
عƫߣع̽Ų٣üζ˰һλ̾˻أðǰ·
Ŷ룬кع̽ź󣬰ָع̵
ףվڴǰɻسǱȥ
ߵһ룬Ҳ˴ͷ
߾ȵضԭء
鴤תͷ߹ҡ˵ɡ



58 ŴȦ
Ϊ׼ĶƫС,ĸΧԣ΢Եӵ˵㡣
ߡ塢ع̡ˣΧһȦ
ߺزͣת߹۲ÿ˵ɫ
屾øӱ,ǸǿƲ°ͣع̵۾Ǳİϣһ̶Ʋ,ûֱߵʦ,˭,ر۾
ûһ˳,ĬҹСˮ˼ҡ
ȻڵĿˣССĶƫķ,ⳡϵˡ
͵Ĺءڽ,Ȼͷתع,ع̵ǵİΣ,ټġ
岻,ֻ˰һ,вʲô
컹,۲Ըع̳ȵ
,ٴοڴԲع̵񶢵Щš
عߵ,ű⻰˼,æջԼ/쿴˿ߵʦ
ع̻,ҲۣڵջЩ
΢΢Ц,ԭȽ߹ʱͣ˵Ļȴ֮⣺ﳤ;,ԼúԺкιɣ
͵һʱֱһ΢
ⱾعʵģȻû֮⣻ȴʶԷΪβ
ԭ͵͵ģԭȵļƻĵĵߣ˭֪ںӱߵʪЬ
ˣʽʣдʴԺѰ߹Щ⡣
æǻûǾЩڵ¡
߿ɲ뱻عᣬعڵд⣬һԼʲô˽ܵĽӴһȷѪꡣ
˿̵ٴλָ嵭Ȼơ
Ŷڵ£ﲻ׽ţع̣ͬڲϤĿˣ䲻󣬵ֶ˵ϡ
˵꣬ݶֱ߲ˮ׼
˵ЩֻҰǹ׽ֱ˵ˡ
߱ӶҪǱع˽ȥԼ֮ڵѹˣ

˵ǰ߹أ
߸֨ͱع˻ͷ
еĲˮն˵ߣ˲ס΢΢üһֱ߷·ʧǵع̡
ûУ߼ع̽͡
ŭҲԸŭѾΪտع̡
عʵҲûд԰ߣûж࿴һֻۣż͡
еҲӦЩǡ
־䶼άŪ춼ˡ
֮ǰѵһٵ壬˿̶عŵķ̲סϸϸ̽һع̵塣
ɳع̱Ϊ֮⣬ʲôûС
塢ߺŪޱκعû֡
ߵؿֱ߸ۿġϸϸʵʲô¿ңҶ֪޲ԣ޲
ϣ֣ˡĴϡ
Ҳע⵽ع̷˵Ϊȴɫعж
ᡰסһӲԾ硣
Ϊûпعֱ̣ع̵ִʱ񴥵һ㣬ˣ˵ӡ
ʱųֹع̵Ϊع̣öԿ
عίͰ͵ضȥίΪʦǡƵġ
ǳ̲ȥˣعôʼֶˣ
һ˳һ߸Ͱߺ²أδͨôԺ䣬Ϊ䣡
ߺһۣߵ˫۵ɵԲ˲˼飻һȻûж
˵Щתܣﻹòȸˡ
˭֪ǰڹӰع̴˿Ǵ˼ѪͻѸ磬ӯƼݵһ⡣
㣡
ع̾׷˳ȥ
ΪڳҲʩŷֻܱظع뿪
ع̵ԽԽԶֱʧ߲ųһעתߡ
㲻ܹܣɻ
ʵҲˡľȣعЩٶʵ̫֣Ϊع̵ʦӦ
Ȼع̲ı⣬ҲΪᡰΪ֮
廹ϵˡɫԭ򣬡عǸܺõˡЩǮִȴ˷񡣡
ЩرϢع̣ǿ²ʲôöߵԼĲ²⡣
ĵ㲦߲Ϊ˷ع̵Ϊ
ЦȻԼ֮ǰھͿع̵ĲԾῴ
˼ˣּ֮ǰ岻ΪͷǸ֮ǰΪϵԨв
һʱȣ֪Ϊλ˵ЩҲûбֳԼֻͷӦް
Ű߷ʱ䡣
ߣҲϲ˵̵ˡϵظ֪ԼҪ˵ĻֻҺͰϽã㼸䡣
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һ͸ϵҪһ̽ϲãԼΪΪɣҪָ
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عڴϺתʼоڵĲҲ֪ع̵Ϊʲôħһ׷Լ
ѲͼһѺ֣ͨͨ˸飬¹һİǶ˶ߡ
ŽƵסڵ죬˸ָԶ򿪡
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Цˣ˵ڰߣȴû뵽ⰲ߾ŵеٮٮߡ
壬ˣʲôҡͷ̾ºͰߣ㶼ҡ

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ʳָָǮ񷢳һ˿
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59 ټԨ
˼,߾ͳżֱӱŰԨתȦ
°Ԩ֮󣬰ֺ,˫ŰԨֱۣͷ´ҿûˣ
ԨѰߵĿ,ǰתһȦ
㿴,û¡Ҳϲ,߸,ȻҲˡ
ڰߺͰԨϣһɵİױ,·ӡ
߽ץŰԨ󣬰
ڵ,ڵʦ,ڵӵ,ֻǰߵСߡ
ڻָĵһ,һޱ޹,ֻаߵĸо
ʱǿгųǿָ㽭ɽ,ðڳɫ,Ҳ˵ÿ仰֮ǰϸϸ˼
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Ȼˡ¡ĺ塣
ת,߼̸,ɵתǰȴһڡ
һֻȴѾõС,ǰѾõСᡣ
˫ֽסİİԨӣҴ׼϶ԷᱡĴꡣ
Ҳ,ΪҲڵһǡ
΢΢ǰ첱ǵǿ
Ȼ߲ûнǳ̫,ջϡһڡ
ױˣ
屧ԹߵǰڰϣԨģ
Լ˿ˮգ̧ͷߡ
Ԩȸңؾ㵽׾ʲôе֪Ԩ
⣬ʱ°ͣʼ䵱ʱΡ
ұħĿ顣һ˼һܽᣬе˵塣
أħһʱûĺ塣
š϶ػشʼһͣһؿ飬һЩϮңҵĶһҹúɡ
߻ĻħаԽصʿޣᷢԽصĹ
ʱ;ãԨ壬ͷ׽ս
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ڶؿ顭˶٣ʵһȺСң˵ҼȻܸһһҲԸǡ
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ȷʵйôһаĿԨħϣǶԼִ
Ԩ˵ʱе㾪ϲе㺦ߡ
ǡϲЩС𣿡ߵͷʵ
ȻϲѸٵػش
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廰һתῴŰ˵ѾԼСˣСģٿ*Ҳҵۡ
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һֻԼСܿ͹˵ڶء
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һĻŭŵİ߱ҪģļƲסߣ۽üҹŵĶϲá
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ڰĳ
˵֮ǰСйصʱǿĵģڵġ
νħаĻħڰԨУѵа
ħģҶޡŵʱĳħĿģħΣҡ
ҾԲ߾ָĵҲа
Ȼһ̣߾ͷһЩ⡣
ԨʲôΣַϣԲԲ˫ۿԨһֻСߡ
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ڰڵİԨǴòϣһޡ
еĻٴθ֡
Ҽ죬𣿡ı࣬УкҪΡ
ߴǰɰԨĽ壬ɰԨ˵ĻŵģȻԨħУԼҲỳɰԨġ
ֻǰԨòֹΪòͰԨȷʵвɸ˵Ĺϵ
磬־־ֵ鼮пһ˵
Ϊ֮ˣѰһ飬Լгһվʿɽѿǡ
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ʿٹȣҪ⣬һҪãǶ
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ѣ
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ڵ˱оη֮ģ谢Ԩ
ϷţȻ½ƣְһɾرԨȥ
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ʦ𡭡عȻͼ״ǰߺ߹ҡȿȣ



60 ż1
˼,ҹ˯רԺﰤ߹ߵ۸Цʡ
عһʱ
ȷʵһ
ϴţ˦нƵż,ֲǶȻûǷ
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ڴҪǿʦ߿Լһۣ,ʦΪѵԼԼΪ󱲡
ع㽫촽ҧѪ
֪ڲʦֻܴӳ顢ͼ֮
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ټžۻµӣΪڽٹܺߵĹ´󹦣Ҳξۻᡣ
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ŴǾվ룬ȺͷӶӵ
ͲµЩͷʿᱧԹû뵽ЩŵĴš
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ߣҿǾ̫ˡһ׳˶ںƺǳǲģҿžķ
߶ڽ䣬Χ۵˷󵨵üȩ̈ƲÿĿҲһָͷ㡭
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˼״һŻӦȻŶô˵ˣλͽԼ֪Ľع㡢ع̡Ʒ硢ϣ˰ɡ



61 ż2
,ġ
뿪ţǰϿȽӰߣ֪ߡ
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ҸﲻϤ̫ѡŪȥ
һ˿ʧܿ͵̬
ΪԹɫҲǷȱûĿҲ
ݵ
֮˲μžۻᣬĿıöԷۿԼ֯һ˺顣
߲Ը˵£Ҳת˻⡣
ߣҹд·ԨҵĿռдűȽϰȫ߽ţҹңһ๫֮ڡ
죬ߺͰԨÿܵӣȻԨÿ첻뿪չǰȵġ
Ѿȫţ岢ΪͰԨ
ţʱԴҹͼ񣡡ϵعִ
õ֤ҲĴźڼ顣
ߣʣµ֪òࡣһǰĳߣ㲻֮ǰ˵վϸϸ۲ÿ˵ľٶ𣿡
סƶصͷ
֪Ҫʱ̣ôһ˲䣬Ļһ£˿ᣬΪţΪԨ
*
ع㡢ع̡Ʒ硢ϣԼд¼Ժ
ûð߻رܣֱǰӹܽݡ
֮󣬻ݸ߲ġ
߷һĻλŵӿҶ𾪵òҶ
ʦѵҪѵ߹ô᣿
ҳϸܽݣɫһһ
˽⵽Щܽ˵ʵ˭˵ĻѻνһĿȻ
̧ͷɨһվǰͷŵӣֽŵֶЩ
ǡ̲ס̾˵һ룬ȴⲻԼ˵ģԭȵĻ˻ȥֻ˵ˣǼ¼ĺ֡
ɫÿҲûбֳûشܽݣվ߰ɣȥͷһ



62 ż3
ؾڴ,󷽵СŴ쳤˲ӣ뾡֪ܽĽվǰĴ볤ǽɫ,һصơ
ǲ֪ħ尲Ӧ˭һξۼʱ,ǶӵħĴ

֮,ҲΪˣ
˵,ȻħѲִ,ʤƽѵԼⷽ
ȥǳɹƤӵɥ顣
˶,ħ죬ܳɹʡ
гܽ,ݸԵع㣺øźſɡ
ֶԼλӵܽ,źſ,ҿɽдġ
ع㰴˼,ܽΪ,ݸźš
ᯡֶڽӵܽʱ,Щġ
ǿԼеֽϵֺ,չ˲١
Ϊգֽеֽ,ϸϸݿ,ŷĵؽܽΧͬš
һĵģ鶯ǰЦ

,Щܽʲôϵѯŵ
ܽڷĵ⣬Ҳ,кθ߼
ʱŰͦأһָ,һԼİɫףһ߰ģ
Ҿ˵ؾأݽܷࡣת˷ˣƺԼⳡߡ
ָȺдݵֽţܽֻһ˳ң·Ȼִ߷ֵĴ̫ҡ
̲ס¶ƴͰЦݣĴָ޵ƪܽᣬ˵⡣
һ챿ĲںֻԵͷǡ
˿ܽѾ˺ͷСŴϡ
Щ˿ͷݣֻƲ죬
ƺѾӽβЩνܽɱ˫ۡ
֮ǰ߽Ů޿һܽᣬ̾˿
𼱡һˬʵŮȰοš
Ů޻ͷһִյ
㵽ĸɵģô֮ǰû㣿Ů޺ʵ
ͱŵŮ֮ǰʡ
վȺ棬ӦǲСɵӣָҸŽа壬ƺЩ
ȥͷϢʱ򣬻רȥܴ̽һȴûʵס
ЦЦشָ̧ǰǿ顣
Ȼʦǰɫƽôãֻһҵܽ˵⣿
ʱȺͷˣټ֮ԣҲ˵ŵĴ˼ԼŵδԸ£˵Ϣм١
СŵĴ̲סͷַӦԼö⻰ʾͬϽΧû˿ǸղŵĶ
ɾһ˲ŷΧĴҲԼͬ飬ǶĬط񾭣Ҳɵ˼
ߵ궯Ⱥָ˵䣺ЩɢְѱϢƴճ¼
ʱ׷׵ͷʾͬ
Ͼߺ˵ǿ͹۴ڵĵ˵ǷʵǷȷ޹ء
ţţѵΪƶʲôû飬ֱǰ˵ע
ǲһšżŵĳϺţֵá
Լʮ˺Ȼɴ۾ֵؽĿͶţƺڵȴ
űҲȲѣ̧֣ûʣ㣡µǺ磡
վںŵŮɻʲô
ϹԢԡ߹ע̬չͬʱλŮ޽ʡ
ŶŮ
ȺǰŵĴ彣ţȴ
ϾҲֵõĶʮԱ֣Ҳһˣοڴڵĵ̣ʤС
𴩼αװδɵЦЦ·׵ݣתͷʵħµ˽ų㲻һ𣿡
Ϊվźüˣ˶֪⻰˵˭ġ
ҲüͷȻûоڲ
˽Ϣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
ǸϣվλܽĵӺ
Էǽתȥؿ
ÿ£ҶҲԵͻأ
ι̲סЦǺǺǺǡ
ɫĹѸٰͷŵס
߻Ȼ򣬹ֲԼӡһֱãԭֱ
ԭȳʿȻ˸߸ߵβ̶̵ɫӡǺϡ
θߴ˼ߴ磬ϵ·Ҳ΢΢ɫâİɫۣŵ׵ɫƤѥСȣԳս佫ơ
عԣڵӶԴӶɾվߣ΢΢üơ
عϽѣŸ
ɰعڵûعһ
ع˲˰ء
һΪαװòء˫ſֳǰͷʣôģҲԼϢغ𣿡
屾ϻƳһԵƣʱΪԼ˵乫ȥܻڵӵ
浱ƻа֪˵꣬תͷһ
Ҳ΢΢ͷӦ塣
ڽϵĴڸвǿţƽȴֻͷ¶档
ڵ¹ı飬ֵġ
ŴҲˣһֱ͵վֱ࣬Ҳڡ
ɫƿ˺þá
ɫģǶׯȴҲǿӲֱ۾֮ǰÿο
գ۾³һ䣺û뵽㾹Ǹϻĺݽɫ
ԣ΢΢𴽽ǣףлħ佱
ģֻ̾һ䣺Ȥ
⻰ǳĵġ

⼸죬ҹƼΣƶԴĳݽӴ̬ͣ춼ΪҲ˽Ǯĵ
ʱع̳嶯ޱȣߵǰ커ýָڵˡ
ߣҶšع̲ΣգҪ뿪
ع㣡عżҲܽܳϦദĽûħ尲ڵϸ
㶨ǱаԻˣعţȵţţƳħаع̣
ſǻ󣬾Ͳˡ
ƻǰƵɫعץԼֱҡΡ
عޱȣǱߵƷ硢ϣȴĴ󻤷һ㣬ռͳܡ
̨𾪲ѣܽᴫĵУͽһŵ״ӡ
һʱ䣬˶Լû滰
ߣЩͽ˵˵Ļ֪ħ
Ȼ˵⴫ģ˭֪ͷ᲻è壿
ħرϣûкùӳԡ
ֻվں󷽵Ů޺űɫװŮ޴ϵ
ɰʵ˵˳һħ˿ô찡Ůӳüչ
ʱںͷֵİߴյߣţһסһ˵ļ򣬴󷽷ûµģǡ
ǰһ׼Ӧսȴֹ̧
ߣڵĵ̡
̨µҲһ
˵̵ȻֻĽڡ
žۼ춼ǴʿԻ᲻ɱ˼㡣
ʵʵȵڣȻҲ϶岻ڴ򶷡
ųħңҲǷô󵱼ҺͶصĽɫͷ
󵱼ҺͶҵ˭ֻ˵Ǹա
ڰصǿߣǸ˿־
ȻˣҾͽµ˴ˡٴЦݣλ˸ָԽȺ󷽵ſڡ
ĸͽҲڵ档
ħ𣡵ȵǣ
ЩͶħŴҲżæŵؼȺĽŲ
֪뿪½վֻˣ
վȴûлӦЩͽ
תؿȺŽĵĹߣҪһ𣿡
Ů޺ͱŮ޾ֵؿߡ
㡢ħģ
ߴʱŤһߵһֿع㾫ʵı顣
ôһ㣬Ůôһп˵Ŀⶼϡ
ܴ裬еʲôħģҿʡɼʿ
ϲզզĿɰģ
ʱ̲סЦһ䣺ǰԨţͨ˾ħԨҰɡ
˶˵ʲôֻаɫס
ϹаЦһ壬Ȼʮ˵Ķ龶ֱ뿪
عֳֳȷû׷ȥ󣬲ſٳȥķȥ
ʣ³Ĭˡ
ʦǰ棬ϸ˼ߵĻǺ⡣
ع˫ϥأͷ캰
Щۣعĺ󱳡
뿪˶ƿųĺӣ޸дأ
ҲɻƽӲἯӣ
˵ǺʱζԼ۾ħ年ģ
ЩⶼƽҪŪ¡
վԭؽ˺þõİһͷ
Ԩˡ
ʲôǲˣʲôʱˣ
ħˣѵ˵ǣԨѾ
Բԣҡҡͷ⼸찢Ԩиͬġ
ǡⰢԨǼٵġ
ٵġ
Խ룬ɫԽѿ
ԨĲ²ָԺ
ˣһж˵ͨˡ
ԨħܵȥŸ˰Ԩ
ԨٰģϲŻеԼϢ岻ܸԨͬʱ֣Ż˵ԨҪڿռš
Ůߵ䣬ѳѡ
ɰ߾޶ԡ
ɫŮ۲ϸְؿڲϢ΢֮࣬ǰɫҲò԰ס
ץסŮ޵СۣŮ޿ʱҡһͷ
ΪͬԭĬţİĳĵı
ԨˣźͰԨ˫˫ܵΣռ˰Ԩҡ
úޣԼ͸ò岻Ծ
ͷƤ飬вһᣬ·ʬһ㡣
еĲƱڵȻըΪγһƷڵء
پȻ֪Ϊλͳ˺˭ȴ֪ðմȾɱ
Ƿǰץסûýֱֻۣɳš
岻֪Щĺ˼룬֪ѽԼС
İ߻ܣڰнץŰߵֻλãڰұ߼ϣС
ߣ˵Ԩ͵ĻȻֹſһѪ
ߣ㡭
ң˫ߵֵĲƱѹᴩš



63 յ
ʼ,ʼգûƽʩһҲûĵＰ
ͨ˵ᴩ,ֻƤ˰ˡ
֪˼Ҫ壬Ҳ֪û,佫ħƿء
ֻ,ΪʲôǰԨ
ԸʧԼ
ƽɵֻĻһ˲,ʹץסĽ,ѽγ
ðѪȴδ˿ϡ
Ҳɵ,ڶݵ𾪹ͷӦ,ǱģɵĻƻ,ΪԼ˺˰Ԩ
ٲ˵,߶,ֱħ
·
,ҾǰԨ,Ԩңһ仰ʵ
,ûаԥֱЦһ,ļ,ʣռԨ壬ҫ
ؿϵ˿ۿɼٶ,קŰߵĲƽʺѪҺ˳Ž򽣼,ڽɫݶϡ
Ȼ˶˵ʹĴɴ,ʱ˿̵Σ޷˼Լ
Ԩ˺Իϣֿ
Űߵ壬ֱԺȥ
ңһʱ䲢ܽ˵ֻǼԵĮԶԷԼ𴦡
⣬Ϊסǿ壬ôԳԭ˭
ףôһߣ
ⲻܣ

߲Լƫƫһ֮ԣֻ˵Щʵڹڻĵ
һ߸ϵ壬ܱʲôĹ£
ӰӹǰԺ׷۾û˵ٶȡ
ŵչع󣬲ŸϵǰͷĿտϡ
ڵǵʦͬʱҲƵʦ
ƵУܹ岻շӹ֮λֵҲ̡

ƶԼĶλʦǿĺܡ
Ȼ˿ѡŰ뿪ǽռĺȻļϡ
ƵһڶľۻϽָӣΪ;̸ֹ¶׵Ҳ㹻ʣµŴŷ
*
ת˲֮䣬Ű߻صԺݡ
ؿƬ򷢽ʹҲ֪ΪղͱŵһµӲˣΪ߶Լµʹ
ԺǰһؿڣһֻŰߵֱ۽š
ߵվ̧ۿĿ͵İߣ־þòԸſ
˾澲վá
ߴδİ񿴹塣
ܸоڶûκУû֮ǰȵİҲûжħַŭĺޡ
·ӳһܣһĭʳߣҺ𣿡
ͷĮͱ飬ȴһ˿˿⣬ԭƽﲻһҲôʱ
ߴŵ棬ù󣬲Ż̧ͷõʵĳ
ֻһ֪ҺͰԨҪˡİԵ쳣ƽ
һʱһѽ͵Ļɤ۶ֻûҵŰߣһգ֮ͻʧ
߿岻Ǽ˵δڵ޿ֻתһȥѰԨ뵣һ㸴𡣡
⻰˵ɣ˵˵ţۿоˮ
ֱˮ˳ջ䵽򢣬߲ŲԼˡ
֣ΪԼȥϵˮ
ֱ̹Ȼ¶˵ǺܻؽԼĲ²뷨
֪֮Ҫ˫ͬ⣬ΪУҲǰԨԼľ
Խ˵ԽѹԽԽء
ۼˡ
һֱΪ߱Լڹȴ밢ͻ˰ԨĹϵµͷ
ߣǴʲôʱǡðԨģؿ¶ɻ󣬡಻
½Ͳӣ߸ƶԼ¶ˡ
ԼԺ뿴˵ʲôᵽԨҲ̲ס˻ϻӡ
ҺͰԨԼϢϢֻóڰԨϣֻ˵ѾԨ
˵ԼĲ룺Ӧõõ˰ߵ̬ܹ
ߵĿڴ΢΢ףƺͰûڣҪЩЩ⼸Ҳᱻ㻣תˡ
ӱҭסˡ
㻯εģðԼľǰԨɰһ仰Ͷסνİ취
С߶֤ԼǰԨǻʲô취ðԼأ
֪ʲôĪˡ
ոջָʱдʱ߰ԼʵݣԼںͰ۵ദУԸ̹ԣ˴£Լ³
Ҫ˵ǰԨҵŵģϾ˰Ԩ塭˵ֻͷʹǸԼʱɢ⡣
ĨһϵᣬбϷʣµˮ
ߣǲǽҧ
Ѿ㹻΢ˣڡ飬ݡ
ǣǰϻ˵˫֮µʱҲûΪѰ
岻֪Լôˣ
ҡѽΪ£ǡ˫ޡǰҪ˵˳
üͷ߷ߵҵʲôˣ
ֻһֻܺҪ˭Ϊ£Ҳϵģǳš
Сŷŭı飬ðֻըëС
岻Ⱒ߻еĺ壬æ̧ð߰Ͽҵ˵侲㣬ûв˼
ȴûϢŭƣǿ־䣺ҲʶҰߣǴһգһֻһߵҳϰ£
۵˿ᶨ
ԶȥԨ壬ȴ᲻ң
ԣȻҲ밲߼̵ⷺζ
⻰ڿֺγأ
ߺȻʲôųһŶ֣Ҳ·˹ʡ
ꡭ
԰꣡
۷ǰһӽ壬֮ǰĵֿΪ󣺡ҺͰԨֵͬ飬ܷ񽫹ڵյһã
Ҳǰһû뵽Ҳ֪յ
ǣѵҪյѰԼ
յֻʹһΣ忪ȰѵѰĸ𣿡
һ㶣֪Լжĸ׵ִ
ǽԼ뷨ʵ壺ĸǴȥ󲻻ֻأԪ겻˼̫ãͻᱻȥڤɽ硣ⶼȥˣյѰǵĹЧĸá
񶨵֪յһ鱦µյ˵ĸѾܹѰ֮˵ϢѰ統еλˣ
߰û˵ɫʧ
ǲԸ⣬ֱ˵
˼Ƭ̺ˬػصϾȥرã
ͨˣѰ˭յܹøʹã㰢ûѰϫԼҲ취ﰢѰĸ
οĵģǰ߷ԼﳤȥֻյסߣֻȽ´Ӧ
߸㲻嵽ʲôȻӦҪжҲֵˡ
*
ûֱͣӴŰǰر
رſڣصĵ泭дġ
ϴʧԣزرĹΪϸߣϽĵӽ¡
Ͱ߻ûеִǰֵĵӾ͸ܵǰͣдʹڱʼϺѸڲرǰ
첽ǰ߽󣬺̤ܿ˲رǰĽݡ
ݼʦ𣬰ݼ߹ӹ
ʶÿһŵӣ˫ַǰСֱӿʵ֪꣬յĴ
Ϊĵ̧ͷʦɫΣǰЩʦرʧԣ鱦˾ߡ֣ͬյ֮ǰ÷ڵ㡭
󣡸Ұյ*߽һ壬תͷ뿪ڡ



64 
ȵȣŰ,Ҹһȥ
߶סŲɻתͷڵ㲻𣿡
ɫ򶨣ͦΡ
ǰ,ϰԵرŶׯŵ̬
ڵԽƴƽ͵߳ߺ,ȥ,ռƻʣŽˡ
õӴˣҲе㲻ʵ,ʣʣ
,ʵϵţ˵,ӦӦ
ɽ£š
ƺ˰ߵ,عͷ,԰˵ص,˭Լת
,Ҳٶ,һ̤ͬ뿪ڵ·
*
˲ڸʵ,ڸϵߵٹǸҲֻһʱ
⽥,·ѾûˣССվĴʰεʡ
߽䵽,ǰס,Цʵӣٹûзʲôѽ
æ̯,һţüͷ
建ǰ,ͳһԪݸˡ
Ͷ񲢲Ǯۿ,Ǯƶ԰˵Ҳһء
ƿԪͰЦǳΧǳصһλʿΧٹǣֻ죬͹ȥץס˼ʲô޼ѽŤ͵ĹС
˶һۣǰԾжˣֻû뵽סж֮죬ھͽ⡣
ȻȥڣΪޣԾķ£޼׾ٵ顣
ǳеİΣ׷ʵ
ΣΧû˺ſʼٹǵİձʮӵ޼𡣿ץ׳Ϊ˰ǵĲǱץٹǵİնֽкá
ֻǡµ
һܹݵżæſ˴еʵֻʲô
ֻٹվû˼޼𣬽ٹǿ϶쿪ʼǨԽԽ࡭Ķ˵
˵꣬ҡҡͷʼЩ˰ǺݶͣٹôɽˮģС⡣

˵ˣѾĽ飬ȫĳʿħǳضҪȥЩزĵطȻҪԴġ
߳ͷȻ𣺡лָ㣬е¶иˡ
˿ӣڰֵ𣬻ǣҹ·ߣǾס¡
뿪󣬴εʰãϴţȻΧȹѵ
һλεСԪΧȹĶ˳µµȱϡ
ǡոλݸҵģ۵׻Ʋס΢Ц޵֮˾ǿ
Ȼٹɹ֣Ͱ߱ûߣǵתǰǡ
̫Ѿȫɽĺ߶ĥĥӳŽ룬ֱӷԾķš
ھþûлӦ֮ǰǸдߵŮӺͷ
ߵСߵŮš
߸Ͻǡ
һ쵽ǰŮǳأ
Ůȷ֮ǰΣѵӢۺͰһͬǰˡ
ߣ߿Ůֿ壬֪ߵǺη
Ӧȥˡ嵭
һս˲˵ҲӦûصһ
ȥ߲ؿŮʵ
ŮĽţճͰ˺ܾãڶձһͬ뿪ˣҲ׷ʲô
嵹Ͱߵ⣬͵زµ˰һ㣺⣬յã
һ˵Ҳżɼǵ˵յֻһΡ
ѻˣİԨô죡
ɲȰ߷ӦѾŰ߷߸ȥ
֮Ȱ߻żյ⣬İ´
*

һƬףչڱѩͷۡ
ɪɪ˵ͷ
Ͱ壬е䣬̫ǿǰߵǳ
忴ߵĽŲģһͬǰߡ
Ҳ֪ڲйĽӴֻǳһֻ֡
߶һ£⵽ӭſҡҡͷˣԼС
˵⻰ʱǽģ´ʲ壬ֻһ֡
Ҳǿջ֣ߵǰͼΪߵ硣
߰γƽÿһһԼסš
ǰ߳Ⱥһθоƣǳס°ڣŴʣǵҪȥΪʲôṦɹȥҪ߶ã
忴ƵᣬʵҲ۵ú١
ع񣬼վϸΪ߽𣺡ڸݰµϢǰжҲṦԿ
۵òˣԣ̾͵ڿն𣬿лţԾ͡
һԾžǡˡһ
߰Ѻͷ˳
ѹڵûо𣿡۵Űߵĸ첲ð˳
߿ɥϥǺ⣺ôˣǵһˤſֽˤס
زɵð߾ֻܾ˫ֲǰС
ֹ˺þúþãͰ߲ߵһĴǱ˪Ķǰ
ǱʯڣֻΪ⴦ɽڵû̫ķ硣
ϵʹѾ⣬վڶǰָŶ˵ͷ
ɿߣ϶û档
۵°ڣȥܱߺ󣡰յ
˺þãߺ
һĻð𾪶ʮꡣ
Ⱥ󣬻ûıѩأ
ڻҲûʶôΰĳ
ԭߵľͷһĻ
ǰĵڵǰԺ󣬱ǽʮ˻ߡ
տ׵Ծվڱǽǰ棬֪ڰʲô
ȸо˽˽Լ֣ڴ˵ȴˡ
ߵĽŲԾתͷ
ߣԨ֪ѱ¶ǰ֮ǰĽзƺԷ
󣬿ɰĻû˵꣺ôһô֣
ѣ
Ͱ˲ȥ
ӳаȵЦݡ
ߣҲˡ
ĸڵͽ˵壬߿ˣ̲ס¶ĵɫ
ħǻҲʹ졣߷ŰۣҲţ⼸۵ġ
ɫһͣ߶Ĳмæ˿ǰĻ뿪ħ
ĸͽϲûֳϲֻǹᶨشǣħ𣡡
ĸͽ뿪쿪ʼͣҲûиǣֻѰҴ˵лħİ취
ҲΪ˺ƽദֱ̯ʾΡ
켫߸Լ
߶ҲûʲôøУ˭ΪʲôֻϣԶЩͺͰԨǸɨǡ
ħˣԨħɱ֣
ɰʱȴվ˳
Ļ˿϶û
㡣ΪһЩһѹáͰ˵
ǿ϶ܵˣǵĹҲ½
ԭ֮ǰ˵Ĳλʾܡ
ת죬֣ħϴħħ˼άø˳
߼죬ûرԹֲ֮ǰ·һ㶼ûоո߽ھ׷ˡ
Թ鱧Թ۾ȴвסϴܵı㡣
ֱԽԾͷȻͷˣ
ѭȥߴıǽͷȷʵһǳɫӣҷɫȹŮӡ
߿ϸƼŮӺԾһģһ
ͷҲûأֱ̧ʾ˰
ȱȣЦֵҵã΢ǸܼǿŮӡ
΢޲ڡ
һԵԾһ¡
ԼİԨֿ΢ڱб۳˯ģźԭѾ
һ⻰߸ߣСС߱˵˵úõúܣֻΪѰ֮أ
ҵ鱾ἰ˸ҽЩд飬Ҳᱻɡ
԰߲֪ҵľ
°ͣûɵ󣺡һޣλвѰʲô֮
İߵļذߵע
Ѫ޷УǳΪҵĴ߽ۡͣʿò˼ȨһְٰΪһ֮Ҫ޳ǣֻء

ƶǶŶһ
룬ʿȨͨջг·𣿡ʱ˵˵ʿܴڽӴֻͨ䵽־أ
ϸµؽͣе
Ծ廰˵ûмȥ
վڰԵԾͷ壺Сߵ˵ң
ƳһվһԵİջûʵ
Ͼ֮ǰҲԼݣԾû¶Ծʵݣ»ðԼ
ֱڣղǾ仰Ծ˵ĵһ仰
˭ܿɫá
ͰΪ΢
ٹǵԾף漴㱻ܾ
󻹸΢Ĺ¡
汲ڶഫĹУҲ΢һθ顣
΢ҲܳŮڳʱ˰󣬶飬㺡
ҲΪ΢Ϊô¡
΢ڰİ½γ֮λδ飬Ҳûãڽ֮λкֱ뿪Ӵ˲֪ȥ
ԾСŮ֪ΪδС㲻ӣֻЩºʹ˵Ϊ顣
Ľǿİǳ͵ʿѧϰʮ˰ա
ҵѡƶȹƽ
ѡʱεͷһεǳ
ûܼˡ
ˣԸǾԲڸԼģĽ˴ߵġ
Ϊİ䵽Լϡ
Ծ΢òʱɹԼ΢תлһ
ɰȴ뷨ԼҪ΢
յܰ㸴΢ֱӶ԰˵
һ㶼⻰
㣬֮ͲҪĻˡС죬֪յֻһΣ϶ңҲԼȥ͵ġ
忴Ű󣬲˼ʵǺų֪ô΢죿



65 鵼ʦ
,ڸɷϣܸȡ
ųŵֻáΪ˽ǡ裬ֵҲȰǿࡣ
֪¡,ǰеģڤе,ҲСԵܡ
𿴰ƽʱ˵ģ,⻰ʵһѻ
£˫,ַϵ֪ܲ
һҫ,ƾ½ڣʣɢ˼,ǲֻأֻҪյ,Ҿа취
Ծ⻰,ȷԼ΢ת,һεȵס
ֻǰ΢Ĺ¿νֿ,ʧ֮,ҲΪ
߽ŵб۶塣
ͽ΢ľ,յ԰Ԩ˵ʵҪ,ðõ
ɰݵޣܹȰ˵,ڵҲ޷,еϣһϡ
ףѰɣ
,Ҳ߼ɣ

˶ڵȴĻش𣬾󶼵ȵеˡ
ɢ˼䣿巴,Ϊʲôҿ,΢Ƕڣ
Ծ͵תͷ򱻷ڱеȣòƤ˿δ䣬һվͷ
û޷֪̽΢ڵǣֻֻعͷȴڳ˵Ľ͡
֮ǰδע⵽е΢ѣæ֪̽΢Ρ
ҵ죡̲סڣ㶼ЩʲôǶڣʲô𣿡
˲ðз̣ϵĻ˵ԥԥ㡭ƭҡ
΢ǾڣֻڵΪһ壬ڵСŵµΡ
ڼпܻʶ㽫ͷ˰嶼Ϊ΢ż̲ס
ͷƤ飬ı鶼òȻ촽΢΢ϣšӡ
꣡
⻰ҲܵˣĽﲻֱܶ
ŸŪҲ಻סе顣
忪ʼ󵨷󣬵ǲԪڣȴûȥ̬
˼Ʈص΢ֱʱ
Υٳ£㾡ȫǿԼס΢ꡣ
޷̽΢ǣΪѾ塣
䣬أѰ΢ʧǣͽͶŽյϡ
һֱڰ׷еŬԯޡ
Ǿ΢ڱУΪǵĴѰҡ
ĺӰĶϵ£˿̵Ҳ΢ӱоȳ
ǽþһ˿ԼΪ֮ｨɵġ
ֻһûƻ޴ıǽ
δҲ̲סڵʹеȻԡǿǾʵ΢ڡ
ĻȷԼ˸
㣬Ⱦá
ȻǰסĴ
ŰԼ׵֪ڳˡ
߲۵ͽУ֪ܶ࣬ȴԾɹһ
壬Ծ찲ſǻ֪ν¡
ްĺʹħа취
ӳ顣ʵ棬ȻԼûӦ֮ߣֻͼ֮
ǳȴ֣󣬼Ȼˣյã㽫ҡ
ҲͰԨսܼȰɣ֮֮飬ԨͰĹ
ԣɻ壺
ҲýԵɣֻεк󣺡ɣ
յ΢ãڿռзңβŽյͳվݸߡ
ѲƱռһӣȻյק˫С
һͬ뿪ѰһܹϢĵط
ԾͻȻ
ʸλһ𣿡ЩţǶ־ָӾӵʱȻͬ
ã§յؿԾĵѯʣʲô飿
ҵĳСе˶񡣡ָָе΢ΪҺ澹ƣ
߲ʲô£ǿһֻʲôԼǲǼ΢Ļ
߻û˵꣬ͱһԵס졣
ȻΪʱԾѾץסеص㡪һֻ
ԣҵĺˣҴС󡭡ԾƵĿŰ
ɰȴüػؿԾԾое}ˡ
ڣԾǾð˵˺ܶ⣺𣿡
֪Լ˵˻ûԼ졣
ûҲɿ֡
߰վߣҲߵԣһͬ󣬵ش
ϲԾЦݣҺʶڽƽգҹУһֻΪ֮
ֻձڷ䡣
عԾһʱʩŹɷԣʱ޳εĻԵ
˷׷׵ͷħҲǣοձȾƷ
Һ뿪ʱףѡü̳˺չ˺㣬Żұ󡣡͵˶Է飺˲ͬǻר֮ļÿһʱ͸ȴΪԼǸຢӡ
֪һеԾЩ길ĸԼ׺ԭ
Щûܹ࣬ȡó֮λĹҲʮ˳˶мӣȴ˼顣
ԭҵá
ԾƺЩ
ԣ΢ҲĸˡָŰ󣬿Ծ˵ϲλĸˡ
̲סק°ߵѵ
ӣû˵ʲô
ȷʵ˽ġ
֮ǰ֪΢飬ȻԾʲô¡
ڣ΢֮ĸһۣ˶ݣɲ뿴˲θ顣
춼ע⵽˰ߵС˼ԼԾ΢΢ĵ⣬װǸ
忪ѹ֪߶԰ԨһȻǰԨɰ߶ųģ̫ˡ
Ϊ⣬ԼȵǸ裬Ǽǰʶˣ
Ծûƽϰߵİɵľ֣Ĵ֮ģҲ⡣
лԾ΢Цֻ֣е΢һ
ԾЩΪͰ߶˲١
һԵ죬Ծû飬ȻһУ²ܹ顣
˵еܹģƣΪ
ҵϢС󣬰յ͵͵ߡ
״ظȥ׷ʣҪȥ
ߵ׺ݵػӦθɣ
뻹֪ϸһ룬ԨǱˣԨѵ
ԨڡħħˣֽԨȥģ
֮ǰڣ컹˵ʲôͨ˾ȥħ
ڰɱ޳ˣȥħѰ
бԹ廹һأҵţ
޹⡣
һǰ߻󣬾ħˡѱƻþԣħ˾뿪ǽ𣡡
ƺвΪ⣬һ֣Ҵٻߵİ
⻰ǸЦˣߵСˣֻͷƹԼ壬ٷ񲣡һ˼Ĵٻ
ʱҲί̯֣ɥ͵Ҳ֪תҹɽ磬δѰӰڤڲ꣬Ҳ취Ѱġ
ǰһף֪Ҵ˼䣬ҲΪ㡣
ܹ߳УɲԵ°ס
мذͷһƫ̧Դȥģħϻ
뿪СĹУҲ˼˺ܶࡣ
ֻƬУ˽⵽Ͱ߲ʶõĹʽ
ҲԼǸߣ
ߣ㲻ܳ𣿡һ̽ˡ
ԣȻתͷ񿴱һ壺еôڸ棿
¶Ĺ⡣
˵ʲôʲô˵Ϊժ̫̫ˣѵҲţûطʣЩ˵ͨ塣
еĺ治˼
Σֻܷһֵġš֮ͣΪѰңΪβѰĸףѰ΢һʵʵƾԼıѰң
ħʿ˼䣬Ϊɱƽ󣬹ƭաⶼΪҲɣⲻҵĹ𣿡Խ˵Խ
ֱſڴƻƣüͷšˣԼ»ҪΣ
˰ߵĻҲĬĬͷ֮ǰڣΪİմϲҪɱŽߴ
ߵĻû˵꣬˵һͬ顣
ҲΪˣһֻɲҪѹ
˵߾ԼӦҲòˣǶһ㣬̧ļ򣺡㿴ⲻǻЩɻͼŮ˵һ䡮һжΪ㡯ƵŮ𣿡
ҰⱲܳԿ࣬Ժд˻ԵҲ𱻶Էƭȥ
ߵġҸ桱̲סЦЦ
Ե־ǰߣҿ϶Լĸвְ߿ЩƵ顣
ͰԨŷƵЦգ˲񣬴ϵֲԾ˳ƸЦ
쵽;߻ǿסˡ
ǱʱˣʼѰԨɡ˻еյȻóһƬ߲ʹâۣǽǴΣԨСİģʰ
ҲֻҪյָʾͰԨҲ
ֱȼյð߽Ƭӽȥ
ߺ嶼ڴƬȼպ̵ָ򡭡



66 άϣŮ
յ*һʯ,ߵֱߣϸ۲ͷƬı仯
߾۾յȼղĵɫ棬üͷһ֡
ź,᱾Ѱϫȴ˷Լ,ֱǱ
ֻáյ͸ߵοԼ
ʱ,ߺϵ𽥱ɻ󡭡
Ƭڻ,ȴһ㱻ջٵơ
ô£ʵ
̧ۿ壺,⣿
ɫѿ,ҲⷶΧ
ҡҡͷֻһ䣺֪
ɰ֪,ܹȼ,οĴʿ,Ӧù޲˲Ŷԡ
,ûùȼյҲĽϵȫӻ
˫ֺʮתȭʳָָ,ԼĻϵΪյڵĻ
ڰעһ˲,յڵĻŷɫĻ,Żȫڲɫɫģ
Ȼ,߶һ,ǿƬûаȼԵø貶Ŀ,ӳĹʡ
ٴ̧ۿ壬ֻɫ,ε⡣
ۼȼհԨƷֻܶϨյ,Сռ䡣
ʱ󼱴ҴҴӶ
а취ˣа취ˣţϴżЦݣܵͰǰ
뵽Ʊİ취ˣµǿȥŮάϣ
áֵ߽֡Ͱ͸̾š
ȴ˵鼮Ѽǣÿζû˯
άϣŮж˳羴Ǽɽ˼֮Ůάϣϵػȵ񣡡
ϵظŰĻʵǰҵȼԨƬӦòɣ
֮һ㶣û뵽һ˼ͷڵȼƬϡ
治㡭
ߣһ尢߽ţңȵλò̶˼άϲתλã֮ܵ˶䴳ġ
üԼԼǵô¡
ϣһα
ʲôڰԼظͰ߽
Ȼ겻ȫ࣬ôϹޣܸܵάϣŮλðʱΪԼݸеԺ
ҲЦû֮
ߡͼ˵
лᵱȻҪԡŤͷ壬գգ۵˵԰ɣ
ˣûʲôֹߣֻγɫ
ֻһֻҵƳȳõķôᱻ˦ɫ
һ޹̯ʵʲô
*
ԾʿҪ˯ϢõǱ壬ҲҪ˯
ڶѨ˯ȥ
ڸúʱѰȺ˵Ҫȥ̽Ϣ뿪
ֻʣ尢߶ڷλš
Ŷǳɫҹգгϣ
ҵάϣŮ񣬾ҵԨˡ
²⣬Щܹ־ΪѰõĻĴǺԼһбźͰؾ۵ɡ
һԲԲֻҹеǡ
ߵĳͷ˯ˣϸ΢غΪ޷ȼհ
죬ɱѩأûĳ
һƬף屻ߵ˼
ڲ˵ʵʱ
ȻңŲţҶֻܸʵˮߵԲԲ۾
ԨңʦУÿԾһ磬ƬͻɫһΡ
˻һ˲ԨɫͲɫƤв⿪ʼġ
üͷʼϸϸĽ͡
Ƭһͬɳ׵ɫƬҴ˺ڵƬԼղΪйءֱ̯ʾΣַ·ҫԼ޵еľΪ
߲ÿɷ漴˼
ƻƬ׳̶ȸƬ˵Ϊйأڵߵȷӵ˼᲻ɴݵƬ
Լ֮ǰ˼·Ԩ޷ȼʵǲ߼
ڵҡ

Ŀǰ׵ķάϣŮյѰҰԨǵķ
ֻҪҵάϣŮĻǼܼ̾
вϣǰԨΪĴ㣬ҵԨøԨⰲõһϣܸԨһȥѰĸˡ
Ԩ壬ħ£
*
˴죬ʱѡ
Ϊħһμ̳ˣǼ縺Ρ
ǰ˵̰֣Ĵӵײ͸ֱ๲º󣬵ͷ
˭֪ڻԵɺ֮£ԼļƻŽеһ룬ͱƻ֪
ڵҲòǸк̸
֮ǰħ˵Ҫĳ롣
˵άϣŮȣôͷضƿء
ԼҲҵλŮ񣬲Լˡ
ǵУΪȥɽѰ裬ײȣʱˣŮӻӡ
ɽ粢δѰ裬ԭ·أֻ߳ȣһͷ־޴ĳǳؾʹʧ任λá
ȵǷ˵һλŮ첢ȷ
Ϊȥܴ̽Ϣ
λħ˫ޣѹʱħ˴ô
ǳ۳ұԭܿ̽мصֻǸϣƺвΣա
*
峿Ծ˯ۣѸٴһ̡ͬ
챾ָǰķ򣬲ȴȡ
Ǳߣŵˣָ˵
ŵˣ߶ôʱʾ⡣
ǸܵΪʲôŵˣ
ȿȡεز⣬˵ȵ
ڶߺұߵ춼̲סЦˡ
ǳ˵ġšǡᡱ˼
ǿ̽࣬ıŵļ֪̽Ϣǰѡβǵ̽⡣
ֻǰרעѰټǺ˿дϢ
ߺѹƣԾͨˣΪǨͰ󶼷ٶȡ
ţ㿴ǰһ£ͷԨ
ƿ⴦ɡü
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ͷȫûôĵطͷ
աա
ͻȻ𼱴ٵı˵ġ
æͷӦսƣŷһȺ˶Ľ׼ײǡ
ΪԾûΪʶס׵ػ˳ԼĽǣסͼߵǼͷ
䱻ѹƣӦԼֻǻǴ´ġ
ֻǰ쾹С̣赲Ǽֻʱֳһħơ
ʱ岻Ķ֣һĲȣԨеȥ
߾û˿ԥֱҪץס塣
ԨȻһԶ˵Ͱɲ֮׹УͰִȡ
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֪˶ãתоһˡ
ģһԭǻе塣
Ѿо䣬ȡ֮ůʵ¶ȡ
ڴϣع۲Ļ
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滨ľĴܣɫıͷɴҲǽɫġ
˳´

ⷿ主ûʣװƷɴ죬ǶŸʽıʯ
ѽǮ߾ȵС̾
ˣ
𣬴˰аͷ
ķȥƼһɫأͬɫ㣬ŵɫɴֵŮݡ
ô󵨵װ
ڻӵĲͼŮӵĴ磬Ըġ



67 ϫ
ŰԴЩĽ,ŮЦˣ߹вʣ
߽ŵ´ǰĳߵػش𣺡лģҺܺá
ջش,߾ͻȻ⣺ô֪ҽаߣ
ŮЦЦûشߵ,ָҲˡ
˵,߸Ͻת
Ҳ΢΢ü,ֵ
Ȱ߾,ҲûŪڵ״ֻǰŮǲ޶⡣
Ů΢΢֣л֮
֮ǰǵ,찵㣬ˤ±,ΪԼ,Ҳһͬ
µ˭,嵱ʱҲûס
Ͱ߰Ȼ,ҲǱȡ
Ů,Цݸʢ,ǵŮ,æͻλ
ߺһۣ˫˫Ů⡣
Ůҽܵλҹ֦,¾ܷԸ
л֦Ҳòмӵл
֦һ뿪,°ߺڽ̻Ի͵ķĿԡ
̾µʵľεϣ߽ԡ
Ĭû֮ǰ,ǶΪʲôµףȻ֪,ǹ̸Ҳ档
ˮĴ۾Ž⣬ԴսСĪǡ
ѩȻһõĵط,ò𣿡Ƕ̲ס
֮ǰ֣ӯΪξ⴦ͷƺڶһ㣬ʲôϢо
ǰѰȵȴҲڲŨȲ̫󣬵³յش
֮ǾײصĹȡ
Уҵ֮ǰѹˡɻѣӻ˫ۣΧȳһ磬оΧ֮ǰŨѽ
壬῿αϣϸ۲ΧװΣŻԼϢ
ǰͷڵΧƾУѹơ
˵䣬֣ľۼһ
ȻӲӵģȴ˸ǵİ׹⡣
ǣ߾ȵ
ĵĻ棬۾ֱˡ
ѱʴΪһ壬ʩŷҲ
ԣ߾Ҫ
ȴ˰ʩ
߹Ůﵽ
˳ᰴסֱ̧ۣŲӶ溰
ϸ΢֨ѽס뿴ŮǺηʥ
űƿ͵Ĺ͸У԰ΧŮһ׵ȹ׷ɫķڸ߸ͷ
Ů˼긾˵ģ̬ͣжƮݣߵߺڵߡ
ף߷
Ϊ˴˶֦һ磬Ůװȴ˼ʿ
һŮòӷϰ߶˵
߿Ů˳羴Ųȵ߹ֺơ
תͷ壬ҪһͬŮȴֶԷ鲻̫Ծ
ɫ࣬üͷ壬Ů۾һգգڳʲô
һᵭʧǣ߸Ͻ⣬ڸ˼ʺãݼŮл֮
Ůһֱ΢ЦֱҲգֻЦſ壬ѵ塣
ֱŮ֣һ㷴ӦæֵݼŮ
Ůͷ·ڿ϶ʲôиӾǰ˵ݡ
Ů֣εʺ廹ǹ
ϫ𣿡
ŮɫȻӣû˽Ӧ壬ŮԺͰɽ·Ůǰӣֻеһͨˡ
⻰˵ðֱӶͷʲôǰӣ
ҲҶʣֻð⻰Ůҽܡ
˵ⲻǻش
λŮǰߵĸףԼɵϫ
̤ЬٴȫѹǰյѰҵˣͻվǰ
һֱͷĵʧе嶼и˼֡
ڿʹյˡ
ΪߵȼۣҲֻƮԼ߾ͻԼǰԨ
ദЩڶδ˼ְա
Ҳʱˣһжõİš
ǸӣŮԳˣ˳ƾʹӿռͳյ
ֻûóڣַԼһ˰Щʧ˽һֵϡ
ŮҲ˰ֵĶ
ƾ²⣬֪ʲôŮ棬ֱӿ˰յһǡ
ڰЩ꾭һУŮ򻪾˽һߴ˴Ҳ֮С
̧𴿰ɫĴ䣬Цһ԰˵УΪ˼ʡЩĵرЩԵ
ǼӣҲǸĹһ¾Ůô
յָϽռ죬յŻԭ

߲²ţŮбѰ귽أ
߱˴Ůȼյͷȴ
ŮǴ˴ǰе˰æȼյȫ
û뵽һֱԼԼ飬жǰԨ֡
̧ۿ˿ŮŮ֦۳ҡͷ
˵û΢𱰣ֻТӹ֦ŮڳʱҲεһССϸڿԲ顣
յ֦ʾ⣬߲δֻɵصŮԡ
壬վŮůŲɿܵħ
Ի
кָ㣿һַǰһָ
Ůû˵۾˫ֺʮھ
߲ʵĹâŮָ塣
εϲҶֻţ߲ʵĹâͰԨ߲Ƭ̫ˡ
뵽ԨƬ߱оռʲô˳
ͷһԨǽʣƬѸٴķȥ
ͷţվץסƬ˫ȴǦһ㣬ʹϾ
ٿԼ˫ȣֹ֦˫ȱɷס˫ȣʹ˺ڵҲ޷ѡ
ȹȻԻ
֮ߣ屻߲ʹâƯڰС
߲ʵĹâԽۿ屻ȫС
Ԩ䵽ǿƬתȦһ˹âС
ߵľˣʣµΨһԨйصƷ
г
ɰļУ߲ʹâ˲ȥ¶Ŀࡣ
µĲֱ׵βƬϷɫĹʣϰס
ںڵ㷢ɢ䣬Ʈܡ
߹ǱͿͲʣϺɫüëбޣı˼ޣʺĴɫԵаħ
ӰڷɳƬûüģۣɫ汯ϲ
ߵһ˲Ħȡ
ĦȲǷ̵Ĳ޵֮˰ſŮ



68 Ŷ
ڿ,˵Ʊ֮ǰװԭ򣬻͸޾а֮,ħҲй֮޲
͸էļ,нǰ
Լʵ,Ϊ˼,Ϊλ߲ǧ˿Ƶϵ,ɡ
ɵĹâʧ彵䵽,βĺ벿֧̽ڷС
лŮָϹϾŮ
Ůֻס
ۿ̬ȣвš
ûһ,ѾȫǰԨ
,Ǻʵ,岻ֻ,,Ƿ̲Ѫɱ,бĦȡ
ĦȵĻ,δǻعԭȵݡ
߸оԼͷƤˣͰԨ,Ҳ,л˼
Բԣ޵֮,Ƿ̲ڡ߲ϳǰʵ
壬дһ˿˿ϣ,öԷ˵Լˡ
ɴʱ廹˼ǰ£Ͼ˼ߡ
֦ɿߵ˫,Ů߽ͣ߹̺͵Ϲʱˣػ󣬷Һͽ⣬ͬ硣
ɽ磬ȴҲУƷǷȱĲڣᱻɳ̺͵̸Э̺ãòڽ
ָ̧֦壺ĦԲбҲ·ϲ
ߵͷ֦ԣŮĿͶߣ΢΢ֻ̧¡
⺢ӵͷοһðԼ롣
š
˼䱯ϲȫǺ飬ȭͷίֻıϲֻõ·ϵĵʯ
Ǻǣ²޵ձҪɱ֤ѹԳš
ůƸϰߵֱ
ӣɲʲôͨŮ͵ù֣ĻԵɲֹһ
ŮԼֻ֣Ůů׺һñطĳ
Ů˼ǣⷢʡ
Ů֣úƵش֮ҪԼȥѰ
ֻܰһ̡
Ů˵ţַֽڰ߶ķϡ
أԾŶĻ渡С
ػͷԷͣþ޷ʵеκηӦ֦վߵҲȻ֪
ԣдһ硣
Լ裬´ɽ·ȴħ磬ִħ룬˼仯Ŷ塣
սյļУԼһ߽ͬϿȺɼ棬һĸϫΪ˼޹ͬս
ֻǼֻ˼䳩ΣΪλֻأתΪȴһӡûС
ߣԭҺ𣿡ڰ߶𣬽ʵ
ȻֻΪŶݵļ䣬ȴҲǵã峯ϦԲս顣
ǰҲǸֻĻŮ
ǿǰڰݼ֦ˣ͵͵ﵽϿʶɼ
ԭɼһʱ˵ǾŶϴˡ
з⣺ûлþŶһỤðߡ
߲ǵԼһ뿪ģԲա
ǵãһԼе壬ǸֹۣԶЦݵĿŮһʦ
׷ʲô߿Щѹ壬ԼҲǵþŶȥˡ
岻Ů͹֦ڳ鲻Խؽ뻳С
Ǳˣǹȥ¡ţȴҲĿ޳
ԽǶԾŶĪ߾Խ棬һҪһ˽ࡣ
*
ããԭϣۼڵҪһս
ĸ֧ԮѸ٣˶ĽѾɢ
ĸΧ£ĿضŰ
һֻʣޣڷ̥ϣҶдЦ⣬ҿĺħ壬ֲ֪صģ˵ޣᱻɽ׷ɣ
촿ڳһ㶼ûѰֻ˵ĳ￴
ŭԾȴס
ɳ嶯ǻΡ
ԾʿҲû߹ݣһ֮Ҳ֪Լ˷νķŭϡ
Ͱ߹Ｊ࣬ȲҪȰοŰ󣬡˵ЩֻΪ˼ŭ㡣
յȭͷû˿ɡ
Ծ״ֻ̾Ѱ󣺡滹ڱе㡣
΢һ
ջعƣվüյ԰еĿάϣŮȳõģôһŭ͸أ
ֻʵڿΪ
˵ҪѰάϣŮ񾻻ˣ̸Ϊֳ֣ŭȵ
ӲΪΪԴ׵֣ⷬΪĿġ

׼ڰ֣λվԼߵǰ
ΪߣǷһ壬Ǳһֳ룬˵ֶΪ
ЦԼԭ
мԾ֮ǰºݻҲˣҪˡĶţͬǴڵı˵
ҧгݣΪеŭԾֵʮֵ԰ߵУҲûһ*˿𣿰޹ġ
Ծ֪ͰߵľֻǴӵǴ졣
Էᵽߣ촹Ҽ縺ħʢΣΪŮ˽ǣѲǵˡ
ߣ˼Щ꣬˶׷ɱ
ʿϣҲΪ㣬ڶص䡣
ڲпʵǰ֪ѽԼִŷŵ֮
ɰԾ֪ЩֻǺȻͬŮ˽飿
ħҲаֻħħĻ£ֻʴɳªģħԴѷ᲻ϣΨ׺ݱ֮˲ܻ
ֻħأǿδ֮УԽ˵Խߡ
һԻе֪Ѿҧ촽סˮۿת
һ˫¶ĸħͬ£˶˽
ΪɣŮֱȱ˶ԲűѡǱڡ
ԭɽ磬棬ҪΪģȻĿ֡
£ҲбЮ;ɡ
˼䣬ΪԴֵ飬СͷСƤ򣬴֮һսҪء
˵Щ˽⡣
󲢲ͬΪʵǣΪԼ棬˺Ƭصԭˣȷ𣿡
Цʵħûнյĸ̸ͬ𣿡
л飬ͳѰ󣺡ǿĴ£׷ɱꡣ
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ΪĸһϢƴ͵Ϯħ
ߵþ侲Ծ·лصǡ
֪ԾԼʹ׳ԼһΪ壬ܹȫ߳
ԼǴѰµ·
˭֪սԾߣ׼̧ţǱһֻ޴ץסһ㣬ֽŲ£طɽϿȡ
˲䣬ѩҲû죬·֮ǰЩδһ㡣



69 СŮ1
߻ҵд,ܱߵĹһƬڰ𽥱һж
ƺһԴΧȫֲ,ڱѩص,һ
䵽,˿ûдӸߴ׹ĸо,Լһ,ûκβʸС
ˤ𣿡һ˫Ѿٵ߰СŮѯڵİ
ɲСǰһͦ,վֱͰͻش𣺡ûûС
һܵ龰
һǳصĽ䣬̳еľߴï,ʯɾ,տĵмֻСȸ
ΧĽһ,ǽҪôοյľµ,Ҫôǻһͼ,ϵװθϸ,Ǹĳǳء
Զǽд,϶ŻֵЦݡ
С,ʲôط,սǸСŮ
СŮ۵СģԲԲ۾Ű
Ȱһ,˫ֱǰСһ,ȻĶ㶼ҵˣװɵ
Сҭס
֪⴦ʾԼѰҵ,ոʣֻΪȷһ£û뵽С˵ͦġ
ԭأСﰺͷǲǽа󣿡
Լ֣ȵ΢΢ſڡһȻϽش𣺡ԣҽа󡣡
ǾͶˡСһֻ֣Լ߻˻ӣߣҴȥʮŮլԺͬ㡣
ͬ飿
һǰߺԼһȣѾǵʮŮ븮ˡ
Сԭ·ˣĺͯСͯŮ
ֱ΢΢ЦСͯŮͷãҸߡ
룬ѹ⺢ơ
*
ŮϣѾָԭȵģߣҲԣŮ͹֦ڰߺĶ档
Ůηǳлǻָǰļ䡣ϵرף˵ԼеĿģ֮ǰʵάϣŮҵȼյ
Ѿ֪࣬鷳Ůˣͷλѣ󡣡Ű죬ǺԼɽµ֣֮ǰƭԼ˵ԨѾȥ⡰ѡֶ˵еİ͡
ߵԥҲû˺øУеĴȫʧ
ʳָס˰ߵʳָ
һ̲סǣװ·һ㣬ŮȴĻش
ŮȻӱкصüƳ壬ȴû˵ʲô
ֽתߣӦѾȥλˣͻᵽ
ֻһ˵İߵʱ˼룬ǿѾȫ뿪Χ㲻صǡ
Ķ뿪ѽ߾ȵʵ
УԾ⣬춼ǴĿѰİҴҾ뿪
Ůشͷ㴫СŮ۶ŮˣŶ
šžһƿһԲСԴ̽һ
ССӰһ̶Զֻܿ¾ȵúϲ£İվſڡ
⡢СŮǷǳ氡૵
˵Сûòģլ˾˴֣ڲ֪СŮլ˵Ĺϵ˲ˣѡò˵
ߺ岻Ϊ⣬ϾΪŮĹ֦ܺŮﲢŶСðԵ㣬ƺҲûʲôֵġ
СŮΪûֳκ漴֪Լѡȷ˵
СŮĻûǷĵױȽϺá
֦վߵſӭӿˡ
ſ֦⸮ϵŮΪղŽ븮ź󣬿ƵŮ
ԭûôںλ𱰣ŮҲԸ˼һ
лףԹ֦Ҷ
Ź֦ݣ˲Ҳע⵽˷ڽ̻Ի͵ĳ
ȻǳｨѾ׷ӣۼڵλǾһ
ǻƽͱʯǶôԣһط
˼ûôϡеԴ˷ڽϣɽ׷µţשΪһЩٰش֮Ҳʹǽơ
˼ɽ綼̫һ
۾תŴΧ߿Ͻ취ѰߵΣߡ
ߵĺæջߣӦŶá
ߣҲŮ͹֦档
°󡣡ҽܵ
ȶ˿ڣ߾ܵλŮиҺͰԨָ˼䡣
ϰ߽ΪԨҲûֹƺֻһţֻҪһ𣬽ʲôʲôҪأ
߳ʹɫѵʲô£Ů
дľҲʲô֮ŮҲȻ͡
֮ǰǴάϣŮΪֻ֪λŮŮԱ⣬ǳһҲ޲ɡ
⣬֣صصϥŮҴƱ㣬ȳˡ
̧һüëչɵˣ
ײһ°ߵĸ첲¶һü飬ʾҡ
߸Ͻ壬һŮϣܹӦ¡
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ǵ׼ʱ̣
֦æ飺Ъ죬һ´˴ķ飿
Уʱ˼ûʱȶͣħˣǵÿж
˰˵Ļʲôô˵
Ͱתͷ̧򼤶塣
ֵ̯ղҲûҰ
ô£תķŰֱۡ
ֽ̧ߵְǿɲٱ徯棬߶ûڰһ˲һֱǱ찵㣬ұλǰ˵ڵŴ˹ħ
飬϶糣¹ħսҲ⼱ꡣ
ǷͷжǺŮȥ΢뿪˵űߵŮߣֵʹ˸ǡ
ȵȣҸһ𣡡
ѡֿŮһͬȥ΢
˾ٱŮͰ߶һϾŮǰߵĸס
Ȼ֪࣬Ů϶ΪԼŮ
ߣֿǰŮ
ˣǵĻԵδϣŮ΢ЦŸ壬˼Σѣǵְ𡣡
ӻ֣֦ȥͶλ뿪ɣ£һͬǰ߱ɡ
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ıѩѹͰߵһ֦׼
ͳϿʱΪ˽£Ϊߺ
Ͱߵлȫͣϡ
˸ճͷԾµӡǡ
Ծϸĵģ׷Ѱ뿪ͬʱΪָļǺš
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ħڵλħԨԶʮﴦħԨ󿪣ħŰ˷սΪ
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ոմսĶȻǸϻĺݽɫǴΪӲ˵۾
⻰Ȼ˵ġ
ͷˣȻҲ塣
ļıĹֶΡ
ƵΪԼУԸչʲôľ磬ȻԼԸ
ãһֱչ¶ԼʵʵΪάʦϡ
ҲɹػСھеİϣȴ޷ںʦϡ
岻ϻֱӷȥһƻš
һӦƵĹһƣֱӦڵ棬³ʺѪҺ
ħдͷɱĸϿյΣϽߵս߱ȥ
аȵױ֣ڵĦȵȫ䣬ҲԾĦȱ仯
鱾пĦȵɫʳʱͷ˲Ծ
뵽ЯֽˣԨʾĻ
ȻϷħһԸǾͻӡдŲЦ
λʿսܻʤ㣬ĦȲսͲƽ
ΪħȡֻԼ̫ݷɲҰνϡ
˿̣λع̶ǰعҲŲڵӸϵ֧Ԯ
ع̲Σգֱӹ֮䡣
ʦʦǷŹħ𣡡ۺᣬһ㣬ʦʦӲҪԸ

İ߸Ͻǰһסֱۡ
Դָ˼䣬Ϊ⣬ϵı仯Ҳʮԡ
عⷬڵ˵ǼĴ̼
еĵѱħ壬ҪΪħֱǻ֮



70 ˺
һ߾׻ŵ,侲ؿԼصĵع̣屻סҲûеһʱع̳֡
ع嵽ǰ棬һѳסع̵,ӲҪק
عִ̣Բ򣡡عܻغš

ع嶯һֻεĳ嶯ȷ¡
վ,ع,źʦһ֡
ħƲ㱳ʦ,źʦûɱʴ,عѰعͼع̵ǡ
ǲǱֻǮ־عڲԼĲ²,˵ǮܹӲˣ͹ǽǮ,ǲԻ㣡
ΪʲôҪ̻аħ壡֪˶𣡡
죡عһŭͣعĳ
ع̱,·ʲôʹ,ۺῴع㡣
û,Ϲɱ,ħǼеĺӣ
⻰,ƺǶع˵,ƺǶƺ˵ġ
˰ߣڳ˶֪عĺƽ١
ع̵ڰ,ð߲˸
Ҳ֪ʲôعҡ߸Ͻڰ֡
ع˵ʦذ߹Ը,ǲð߹
ʼعҵ渵
ععʱһƶϴ,Ůĸĸòǧ͵ſڣӻ
ǡýö˾츳,㱻¡
ŮعҸĸûԱǴС,ָϼճΪһǮˡ
عҸĸֵܽýҲףмǶŮ֮
عҸĸûؼ帣ѾΪڵŵӣǰ;
Ҳûǿֻϣؼҿ
ǰħ֣Ŷħ壬ħԨ
սһ䣬ع̵һʱļڣؼ̽ĸŷعҴլʬҰ
ԭħս֮ʣսһʱͿ̿
зİձ·ʼײá
һ£سõظ̿תìܣɱ̣ûղƲٷһЩӬͷСա
һղٳ޹ٸԹٸж¡
Ψһңعûйٸĸ̡
عұҲ֣˵ӦܹӦԣҴʱŵ
Ҳ˵ЩŴšΪ˴֡ţΪŰЩ̡
ΪħɱţħΪУħȴعҵ
عѪᡣ
һصعңǮعҽʣѪӵصΪ˺ǡع˵ˮƲס
̧ۿع㣬ʹĵЩû㣬ǲԸ㱳ĳޣ
ֱħסڣǮŸ̹ףǵħ·֮ģǮعҵĺӡعţħѣԸ
ľֻ䡣
ع̺عĹȷһԣǰ߻˼䣬ںͷš
عѾȫˣԼҪҵģ
Ȱһ˿ڡ
ع̣統ʱռٸԣ⻼֮£侲طŵʱΣʱҽҡ
Ȼ޳ٲȥȹҵġ
ŴԲӡ߽üͷºϾñط֣־ñغϣܿ϶´һͳ󲻻ʢ
ߵĻЩ֣һЩˣûʸҪЩԸȥûʸЩ˵ļ˱½⣡
Ҫ˵ǷԸ⣿߷š
Ϊά岻ݴǡնػش
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Į۲һеȻ˿ڣ˵ά˵άһֱͳȨṹ
ƴӳĬоѹŵؿ塣
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˵ΪĦת·ĻȻάѾ̻ܵȨϵ
Ϊһ˽ڲˣΪ˹ᣬѲ
Ħ֮ǰƢԣ綼ûǧԣѾࡣ
Ღ֣ǰƹع̡
ع̺ͰߵĶᵽɤ۶ףûס塣
ĸߣֹ̧˵أǲĶ֡
Һãûһ˽죬Է룺죬ͣˣؽ˼֮¡
챾׼ýȴû뵽ع̵ĳͰߵķ£ı
תһ룬Ħȱа˼άᱻޡ
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˵ħٻ֣ͣҲǰȥֹԼˡ
ȴŰ׼нħ
Űߵ֣ð߿Լ塣
ҲܣӺֱۡ
ɻʵԨΪʲôֱӽȥ
ԣֱ󣬻סߵٵͷյش㵥һ𡣡
ߴ˲ʧȥ˼ֻʣһʡ
Ԩ˼ؽ˼

ԨǸոշԼһҵ
ѹ
ԨڲĪħĦ
ôڿʼ˵黰ˣ
˶࣬ءߺߵ
ץסȴø
˼仹кö᲻û㣿䰢ںڵ㷢㿴ǰҵôżôࡣ
ᵽ֮ǰѰҰԨʱļģЩҲסˣҡֻǵİΣҪæҿɲ㡣
ֻоͷƶ˼磬ԼĶ䣻ΪҪ˵ʲôѶ͡
˭֪徹ҧһڰߵĶȻЦǿɲУӣÿ춼Ҫߡ
߽ŵִҶǰ沢ûзܵĶ֮󣬱תһĲѹðɲ֮ǰˣ
ƣĬʱǸ߹ׯϵףЦȴԻĵħ
ǣñǼ䰢ߵ°ͣأ˭Ҳӡ
عħĴĿͰ߸ܵľٶ
ؿŴвߺ޵һֻ
عֱ࣬޷ʦܵĹϵ
ûãɫú۾ɵҪһ㣬ݺݵʦǱƻˡ
Ӵռͳһذף͵͵С



71 ˼δ
ħһƬǽ,˶ۼĿյϣħɷ
߽ħŵͰһͷΣ쳣
ħǱվǰ,ȻǵھۼȺŵĴ
ֻƳһۣ㾶ֱߵǰ,ͦش죺ħɷ͸λã
⻰ǿ˵ġ,˭ó,ֳʤ̬˵˶˵ĵλߵ͡
һ,óԼ֮еλá
򲻿վǴ
괦ֿħֵŴһֱӳħӪ,ɫĹֱӵħĴŴ
˲䣬̻ը,Ѫ,վڵϵæڵ
ҺĹ,󲿷Ѫ⻯Ʈ,û֫䵽档
Ըħ̸,Ϊ忼,ħʸ̸Ѫ¶б
Ҳ֮ǰȡ˵,ǰԭҲΪѴңԭϡ
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عҧͷ
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ŴʱֳֳѲ㲢δڵϢʦʹˡ
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̧ɨһȦħɵˣִҶſĪԡ
ȻھԵѹǰκ˶־塣
˽Ϊӹѱ䣬ʱһˡԼ࣬˺ʿ⡣
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ʿӪУһŮԾԾԣ㲫һ
ȷŵλҵȶȻ֧֣ʿӰ췲
Ů˵ƶҪ

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һڵǵĿУŮӲƣʦϲڻˡ
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ȷҲ֮ġ
ħΪħΪˣܶһ˵ƶ
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һ𾪵Ľ飺ħ⣬ǻ˼룬Ѱߵƽ⡣
⻰ðͷһ
û뵽ڽħ֮ʱܽ޿ǽȥ
Ȼϵ֮ˣ˼ķΧǰ
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ǿѹе뷨ȴ忴ĿͶڳе˴ʵߣ⣿
һʱ䲻֪룬Ū嵽ʲô˼
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ǶãʾȨߴҰҪİ£궯ְࡣ
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İʱԼĽ飺Ȼ㵽£ҽձƼһ˴Ķ顣
ڳΪս͵ʿ˼˭¶Դ˵ûʲô
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۷Ź⿴壬Ҳ԰ߵĴ֪
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λħˣΪˣǲϲˡħ֮顣ǵۣͬѵϲ£
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ͨˣʺ⿪䡣
ȷ˴µļƻ忪ʼһִ֣ͬƶϸڣ˼δͼħչ
ҹ߲ݵ֣ڶ˾ļƻ
ԾҲߴֳ˼Ρ
ƻ䶨˶Լ뿪Ψعã޴վԭأ֪ȥη
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㱾Խħ˫ͽǰáϧ
ع۲ţߣԸ¶κһ覴ãȴû뵽ԼǰǺ»Ըҵʵ飬ʧ츣Ļᡣ
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Ҳ˵Щ翵ġ硯˵֪ħں󣬲Ըź˵ԵɣǰħվڵĶ棬һѲڵĵˡ
عĿ͵ͷŵ棬Ҳ뵽㣬ֻǲϡ
˺󼸲ع̺Ž
ḧع̵Ķͷع̣ʦͽԵơ
ع̲ԭ£֪ŶͽĴ÷Ϊǿ
ŽعеĲʢ
һԺ߶ţ
ƾʲô˵ع̣
ڣһͻع̻ˡ
Ů䣬Ҫǽϳţ

عѵ֪Ҳ֪԰˵ذס
ôҰעźعϣϾעԼʱѸٴͳذףͱȥ
ɾ˵ĿⶼڱϣҲһ˫۾ԶעŰߡ
ذ׼̽ߺʱһǰֱץס˵
˱˵Ķŵһ㶡
߸ܵΣգתع˫˫ץסذȥϵѪ˳ĵе¡
ϣ۲ѵͬʱðɣһع磬ɣһָֻϽס˵֡
߽ӴѪһ̣ܺȻէ֣Ӱʧ
˽һƬããĿռ䣬ռеĹ߹ڴۣǸ޷۲ΧΡ
ϵ˿Ѹϣ߲δſյøЩҲץ˰ߵֻӦ
ŬԴ̽ܵĻ³ʲôΣ˵ߡ

Ȼ֪Լʲõش𣬵Ǻ
壿ߣôˣϤİ
ΧĹȥûʵĽڶǰ



72 άϣŮ
ߺ˲䷢,ΧĽȵķ
ֻլԺڵĽӻ財
ʵˣŮŮ֦
֦Ҳ¶ɻݣѵҲŮĸۡ
Ϊǰ,֦ھ֮໹ǽ˰ߵ⡣
άϣŮĹȽ⴦Ž͵,ŮչάϣŮҪ¡
ôŮ񹬵գգۿ,ĪѪʲô᣿
忴ԼѾϵǳǳ,˼˼˲ҡҡͷûС

Ұٻġ۵
ߺתͷ֮ǰȥŮϵСŮ
̲סֳСŮУСôǴôԶĵطٻİ
кСĶ,СŮһ½Ųظ滺鳯ȥ
ٻǲʲô¡СŮ,΢΢ŲӣһСģ
߱СŮΪЦˣӴ,СѾͷ
˵껹СŮ˫Ѿٵһ鷢
СŮûֳ,ΰ߰鷢,ȤؿŰߡ
ͷСŮͨĺͬ,ΪֹԹڳЩ,ЩСŮĻ,СŮԼͰٻġ
֦,ӹ֦СŮ̬лȡСŮϢ֦ȴһΪ,ֱɫ,ƺϰߺСŮĽ
п⣬ǰס˰ߵ,߿󣬳Էҡҡͷ
СŮԼķ,ȷú˳¶Цݡ
΢ӹ߳ͰվСŮ,˲̧üëֳŵɫ
˴δ΢ıҲ̫ÿøԾƣӢŮӡ
ȷǰСŮ⣬еĵλȻͣ
߻ڶСŮУСŮҲûбֳᷳЦؿŰߡ
߲ûСŮĲԾŰ߸ԾкýСŮԶһĵط
Ȼ붺СŮס֣̲סתͷ覵ӣ۵
󿴼Ͱ߽ӽԼԶСŮоһ
ҧҧ¶İ㿪ڣ壬ںάϣŮʲôأ
֪Ůϲֱӱ¶ԼʵݸˣΪŮʮֵƤǳܱ˽СŮĸо
ΪoƤСŮûйڼɵֻǳһ°ߵơ
߸ܵƵЦ
еζûãͷӦάϣŮ񣿡
֪ʿ任ԼΣ˻ѡԼ绪ï͵Σû˻ѡսϵ͵ĺͯ
ŶƤ
漴ңԼûг嶯֮ŮС
ģάϣ
ͷð亹Ƿǳŵģ
ϣ֪ƽʱ˵ôԵġ
ߣάϣֱ۶ݺݶŰ
СԲԲ۾ֺԵЩɰ
ǰΪ˵ûͬʱҲ࿴ŮСŮģ
άϣŮ񣬰
䡪
άϣһƻ˲Ļ̳
ŵ˻
Сɿɰģôô壿ţսĶ
΢Ҳŵý

ҶάϣʱŮҴҷһְάϣͷϡ
ϣעԼƢŮָСĸ׽ѵ㡣
άϣ̧ͷһ۰ߣȻͷӦһ䣺ġ
߽ŵؿ壺Ҹ
˵ĸ׾Ϳʲô˼
߶߶µòҵĸ˰ɣ
Ůǣάϣߵ尢ǰ߶ˣǴ򻪾е֪ѽ˼֮°źáǾָӣ벽
Ͱɻѡ
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Ů޹鷿׵ǽϹྫµ񻭣жҶͬһλŮԡ
ϸЩüͷ岻ƿߡ
ֱֱҡ˺ü£Žע
תͷλϵάϣüͷһ㶼ûɿ
ŮֳĳĬ壬ߣһǷoһɽޣøԤ˼ᡣ
ɫ࣬ᶨظͰߣľѳۣҲֻ֮жҺάϣɽ¼ලת޵ģλ½⡣
֪Ůְڣɽ˼֮פصˣȻҲ縺ż˼µΡ
ûп˵ʲôҲûжʣֻͷ֮סȵҪ
ڵĵǱ顣
ָǽϵĹһǵѯʵ⻭ǡ
һģʲôεϵάϣȸش
Ůͬʱάϣ
Ψаתͷһ
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ɽԼ˶һ󣬰߲ȷԼûϵˡ
밲άϣĹĵģֻСࡣ
ŮĬع۲ŵµĳ
û׷άϣΪҪЩ񣬶ǼŮʣ֪Ů˵Ǻ⣿
Ͱ߶ûҪάϣӲӲĴ㣬ŮҲġ
άϣȵȴΪһЩñͺͯԣǰׯŮȥԶЩ꣬ȣ֡
Ůʵļƻ˳Եδˣͨ򻪾۲˼飬Ҳð΢ӴЩš
˻һ۷Ź⣬еؼֵлŮȫ
⻰˵꣬εϵάϣ̲סˣߣҳ⣬ֻлŮҲллң
˵꣬άϣߣ¶顣
ͷһ⺢ӺԼЩֵĸڣκζԷƬصˣ²òͷػش𣺡úúãллάϣŮŮ˼ǣѰ΢ˣǿࡣ
õ߱άϣ˲ЦտվԴ޵ǵȻҿǰֲףΪ΢ͨζԱ֤ϵҵǻۣǳ˲ܼģ
άϣСģԲѩӣʮϲ
߽䱸Ҳ࣬޵άϣŮǻ۵С
˵ߺάϣԽԽάϣɰӣջûסֺȻ󡰰һڡ
屾ͶάϣɣڷֿЩ͵ǰ׮׮ŭ⽥
֪δΪţǰи㲻뿪
񣬰ߵǰǾŶǰάϣŮ鷿й˾ŶĻж֪£
άϣ˭èץһ



73 
Ͱ߸,άϣŮڹ֦·ŮΪ׼ʽСլԺ
լԺⲿװ껹Ǹķͬ
˲УǰԺз,磬Ŷ徻˼̤Ŷʯ,ƹǰԺݺ,˳żɽʯ,лһ޴ĺԺ
߮ƤĽ,߿ӯˮеЦݡ
ó,լԺŮǷ˼˼ʿϲôġ
һ·Χķ羰ʱʱִһΧֲ,üˡ
Ȼû,Ԩ,Ҳסһ,뵣˼սµĽչ,Ҳһ,ŸϿй,š
һߺҵС¥Է
,ٽ뷿,ߵߣ׼ԼºкһЩ顣
վŲ,ûü£ͱһѱס˺󱳡
ߴ§ס,˫ֱýġ
ߣſ,Ϣº͵
ڳԴףڵȫֹߺάϣ
Ϊȷάϣݣڰ߻ǾŶʱһάϣǳƵŮŮز̫磬ûʲô̵̫ӡ
߲δֻ֣ǽ΢ֵյĺ󱳣ĥҲŲſҲſˡ
ܣеӡ
Σֻܹ㾢ͻȻþߵ˫֡
һжǰѰĲȡ
߾еͬʱ岻ܿصȥ
ߵĺæתһסߵֱۣһ§סߵǰ
߻ֱͣһ崽ϡ
廳촽һ
巳Ƶһ±ƽˡ
̲סһԴ°ߵ촽Ž߷εؿŰ̾Ϣû취
Χձ΢紵䣬ɴ᣻ζߺǽƽɾŶԷҡΡ
߸ܵƽٺһЦ
Էദôã͸ƢԣάϣСѾͷԴ̬ͱˣԼ׽СѾͷʲôݣ̳嶼Ὺġ
һαб˵ĸо˿̣оԼ߽˰ߵС
塭ʮ
ãšһᳯŰЦš
߸о岢ûпƺƤʵҿԽ㰢𣿡
֪֪ʣ΢΢ҡͷǰߵĶͷȻش𣺡ôжС
߱屧ǣȻҲǡ
ЦһֻɰСè䣬˫۱ռЦʵ壬άϣ޵лϵˣҵǰ𣿡
ԣһ֪߻飬ȴ֪ܴЩƬϢ³ǻе˱Լǰ
ղŷ鲻֡
ԼǻںֻάϣǻͰ̫ӣ֮߷Լǻǣʲô¡
۾߰ߣǰǾŶǻϵǰòֻò
֣²άϣǵŶߵŮŮʱŶǺͯģ
άϣŵŮ֪Ŷģ
廹û뵽𰸣ȴµ⣺άϣŮĸ𣿡
ɫᣬŶŮһͬʱСģĸŮϵںͷ
˼˺ܾãնػش𣺡ܣ
ȴĻش𲢲⣬ܶ
ȷŶάϣĸףӦûش𡰲ǡǡܡƶϴʡ
شֻ˵Ҳȷ
ĵ׷ʵһǾŶάϣСŮʲôϵ𣿡
ûдߣֻҪȷ飬ԸޱغͰ߷
ͷش𣺡ҺͰֿ󣬾㣻ʱǸСŮģ߻һһϢĺͯ
߱Լǰľ仰ս̲סɻؿڣһϢ
ÿʱ̣̲סվֱ塣
뿪Ļ°üȴĽ͡
彲µʱҲỻһ飬ûֳʲô۵ȴ͸ϽʣԣȻǺӣȴҲûס
ҵʱ֣˵ҵǾԿһຢͯģǺӵ޵׶ô嶼ɫάϣĻֻܽľΣȻá
ѾŶǸСŮȥĹϸһ顣

ˡ
߻ʵ飬ȴϡ
ǲŸոסլԺ˭ǰݷã
ߺֹͣ˶֮Ļ⣬߾ؿ⡣
ǲûǰȥţ¡
ŷ֣岢ûпŵ˼ǰţǸϤݣȵ죬ôˣ
ڴս£ϻŴ󵶣Ҫ߹Ƶġ
һ㶼Ƴһ۰ߣвٴһ˿Ľ˳ֽŷƿЩ뷿䡣
һ߽һ߲ͷţΪԸ
߿첻ֳ֮㣬ҲǾȵ̧üźȥ
峭ֲԲΪ˲ձΣ尴£Ȼֳһһָħɡ
ҲǱάϣٻ𣿡ֱʣü˸¾ͽס
Ҳ֪ʶȤؽ°ߵĻͷ*յҲ֪ǰڴ¹ǣһ֣Ҿſڣͷҡ
ϸϸţȷԷû˵ٻ
ֿı飬鵭Ȼ¶ϲ²岢ûų졣
ݲų⣬ҲΪ뿪ںԼҲûʲô֮ġ
ƤЦѯʵף㲻ϲ𣿻Ҫ
첻мؿһ۰ߣЦǺǣСС裬ǣһɣ
ҿع̾ͦġߵ٩š
֪ع̶ĸ飬ֻǸмѡ
ֻǸ˵⻰ͷԼ˵ʲô岻ĵ顣
عô˵ڵͽ
ôһ룬߸ϽЦݣ۲顣
嵹Ƕ԰ᵽع޶ԣֵ£ߵ٩һ䣬ȴûзߵĻ
ͷɻף
լԺĿͷС
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ָı󷨣ɰ΢ȴݡ
ʮ꣬ԾΪ˼乲

ˣĦȺ˼Ĵɡ
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ŮĹ㳡ǰͰվάϣĵǰŮټߡ塢졢΢ǰ¡
ñ˻ûŰߵĶӣôû
߰һĿߺߣ
ǣź߹߸ϽƿСţˣ

岻ָǱߣ泯߲㿴õĺӶôˣۡ
紵˵գղţıҲ͸εҪ˵Σҵĺ˼¶
һڴмҿɲţÿع̹һˣͶӣ˼¶
ӿŵֱֱ㡣

ŵҺˡסܾСŮ𱸵
Ҳǣ΢ǻ԰԰һףôħ𻹻ŻС
΢䣬ʾ˵
ŷʮԼòƺĦʱڿˡ
ЩΣ⣬ֿʼëƢ˲˵ʼ͵͵Ƶơ
˼ˣʶַڰߵСϡ
ȾƿɶԺӲá
άϣͷƳһһֱڰ߶ϵ֡
ߣĦȣĸٸӣάϣŲӺ
άϣõҪ˵ٴΣ㲻ҺͰߵŮ
֮ǰάϣʵԼ֮ϣףάϣλߣΪȴڳˣƽյ鶼Ůڰæ
ǣǣҾĸ׵ĺӣάϣҲ
ŮȻЦάϣִ
˫ÿڸŮų֪ˣ˼ѽɽ֮˼䶺ʮꡣ
߿ĵغĸףʮ˼𣿡
ŮͰͷ
ϢüЦһǰᱧߣ߰ɣޡ
վҪŰ߷롣
άϣۼϽץŰߵ½ǣңңĸף
Ȱ߷Ӧͷʹһߵ½Ǵάϣа룬űŰ߾ͷʡ
۸Сάϣָ壬ЦӯӯŮ
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