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1 ǿҪֿ
羰ĺϡ
һǳɫ鲼£Ÿ߸ʮС棬źȫעĹ۲Ķ̬
СﳤȪס
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ðŮӺ󣬴һǳɫ¡
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ųɹֱԼŵСãЦˮϣôǱҵ
Ĺ￴źѿЦӣֱӶ˽ˮץһӣ쵰ÿζҪң
ٺٺٺ٣˴ˣձýſ֨Ѱˮֻܲסġ

ڽֵʱһҽԶ
պͬʱʶ𱻶һԵ棬Щ֣ЩǲǺˣ
ļ򣺡ȥţ㣡
˵ţһʩչṦ߷ȥ
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˽ҴҸĴ峤Ůһؼҡ
գŮʮꡣ
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У骺½һԣʹһԣԼﾭͶһ֡
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Խ졣պĿʼˡ
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һɽϴ￾ųʱԼһ£ҲǧģһֱҪ̵Լ
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ճԵø㣬극еĵȥɽ䡣
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һ޼ʵĺ棬ֺĶ˵ֱ˵أƤӰϷʲôϷкܶóԵĵģûм
ûа飬ո޷
СǶںʱˮˣѵϵÿһ׶ǵ͸͸ġ
̾˿ЩãȻ˵ͲСˣڼҲ˷ʳҺżӳɻء
˵ۿᣬһӻҲʲѣֱе㺦£Ұǳɻ֮ûþˣҲˣ᲻ѹ
ֱ£ЩҪֱһֱţͱĸȥˡ
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ܲһֱֱԹţʱΪԼŪˡ
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˲࣬һҲͰˣǼǵñȽġ
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ĵһֱȥδıĸչ
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2 ȥ
Ҳ֪ôֻѹĵͷ
ղýôѹһ˵ɣȥģǺýãһᱣģ
ȴûпģǵ˵½ùǲͬ뿪ġ
ǰֱ˵ųȥ̶ȥ濴Լﶼͬˡ
½ùȴ֣µĸֱⱲӶ̤һ
ʱǻǵһμһֱƵ½ùúͼôֱŵ춼񲻺ˡ
ֱԼ뿪ǿ϶Ҳͬġ
ֱСһ𳤴󣬴ûзֿ
ʱΪֱܳȥҲûгȥΪֱ¶
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Ҳõ׿϶ͬ⡣
ѾǺˣһֱϾҲѾܲˡ
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ϺӶɻ飬ÿʱ򣬴Ƕ𣬴һ
ΪϱȽĴڣʱҲϯ
һ𳤴ܿ˼˵żҾƸˣǺƽҪ޸ˡ
ýõĻ̶ӵľү˵ʲôҪǮûǮ
ǵңȻνÿҲ죬ǺϵԴѷûֲ̫
Իרŵ̶ӣÿ궼ȥΣһЩ·ϺССʲôģзʴĴľ̿ЩõĶ
֮ǰ˵ʲôǼˣʲôãǮʳ
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Ҳ˼ֱǲ㣬ɵɺܻǮأûǮǲܲЩɺȥأ
ҲЩռÿζȥأ
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ǾԣĻİ塣
ˮԼã˵ɾ͸ɣֱӴӶȥǱ뺣׾ͿʼѰܿİǡ
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䲻˲е飺ס
üᣬ浾һ˫ҶǶŮĳ谮ŮƺŵεЦЦôºֲ·
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ĻҲӦ룡
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㺣ʮִŴֻ˵ĻֱһǱˮڱϡ
Աߵһиİɫ״Ҳٸϡ
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ܿ죡ճһЦȥ
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ֱֻǳȥܿͻġ
ܿ죡
ţӿٶ뿪
صϺϣſںıԼ뿪
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֪˶ãµҹٴα¡
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㿴ˣԾķʽԶ
ߣߣɣС·ȥ
վٶ̫ҹڼܸ֮оһҪ׷ֱӿԷʹṦ
ͬʱңһլ
춼ˣŮûҲ߶ֱôûô涼ʼˡ
֪Ϊʲôʱܸое㲻̤ʵ
ǰȥ˵һЦ̸ۼޣ鲻ǺܺãСİɡ
½Ҳ̲סü˵Ѿͷ˵˼ҿɲʲôöǰŰӴһʬôôҪŮȥ˼ң
żӵĶǴ̶ӵġ϶˾޷޲ƽҲֻǵ˵
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3 Ҫ
ǰһҪʮŮˣͨҽ½ɺ֪ŮӵΣĲ̾Ȱ
Сﶩ˼ҳѣһֱӾͰ¹ֵϡ
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ҪֱһֱһСβͼʱͨ籨š
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½ɻüǱСãŲˣʱʲô̱᲻ǣ
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ֱ
ľУֱ֦崩˶Էͷǡ
տϵѪĲ֪ò䵽һԱ𣺡ȥ
նʱһæתͷȥͿűõŮ
ŷźŴ̵ĹӣվĿǣͷϵ֦˭
Ŵæѹӵͷ𣬱ᰡǾǿǱȺסæǧ˺˵ǰ
պ˶ԷĳƪֻۣץסԼ֪ص㣺ǣǣ
һѵŮҲæͷţ㲻֪𣿡
֪סҡҡͷʵ˵
˲Ѫֹװ֪֪ҪͨˣôΧסʮֲǿеİ
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ϣһԾͬҲһͷˮ
ɵĹǽֹͣǻˣлܣԼʨЩ˵ģ
˵Ķպʶֻ
磬ûкã
ãȻӣŽŮ˵ôҲʲôƤǹǶֵǮأҲ㸻ˡ
պֳĶǮʱ۾ˣ뿴żˣǮҪ𣿡





4 װ
źֻһˣ⼸˸оеˣΪǺѪ
ǿ۾һܾͱǵļֻί˵ĻǿûôǮ
ûϵжٸپСղЩôɱûǮҲԣоˡ
ܶԷ֪£ǼҲĶԷպˣΪ׵̽Աȳһ塣
״ղ˼ü
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Ϊзͭ˵˵ͷУԵġ
⣬˶˿
һǳɫ·Ĺ˵ûôǮһȥȥǮׯǮȡֱӸô
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ҪǶһ֪Ȼֻ
ıһȺ˿װ
һȺ˰ʮͷҰǵʬ忸Ȼȥ
·ϣŽŮһ⣺һܷ֣֪λôƺ
Ҳǽ̹ʶ֣żҲǫһ££գ
ȽܷͣҲŻ顣
֮һ·Ľ̸УҲ֪߸ʦãǲͬʦġ
λҲٲصĵطˣкȥ
Ȼ·ǡ
һ·дٲصĵطȺʬһܵ˵Ŀϴ
պµʱ֪ԼʶȺС
ܷȥǮׯɻǸʱֶܷ˵
ãȫӣƱأ
ǳôãϵǮҲ߰˰ˣֻʣһֵǧƱˣҪƿֻܵǮׯ
Ǯɡʱջûʶԣþͼͭûô鷳
ֱǮׯƶ̰׻Ķ˲ʶԾ
ΪʶԾղŸûбֳ뵽ܷղŵĻֻظĿ˵鷳һ£ܲܰҴһЩʣµĻͭ壿
ȻֶԷôȥҲЦŵͷԵĿ͹٣֪͹Ѷӻͭأ
һһҲһָָĴСİ׿ͷ˵
õĿ͹١ƵͷְӶ˻ȥ
Աߵƹ״Ū˵Ǿ͸ŰһʮʮƱҪģ
Ĺ涨һʮʮͨʮġ
ƱҲ
պòࡣ
Ͱղ˵ľͺáղװԱߵȴΪ涮Ŀ
ܿ죬ƹľͰƱݸƱκһǮׯȡǮסŪˡ
šսӹƱͷĿȴڻһѷͭϣ𾪲ѡ
;;һܻôһΪͭĴǮˣ
ãȻǮ㶼յˣǾиˡǮպãܷʦȲ˵
ǵץʱȥЩǶʬˡ
áҲͷ
ȼߺִӻóһűȴĴָЩŲ̵ƹʵԻǮأ
ƹԭ̫⣬һƳȻתͷ黹
ӹ̨߳˫ִӶԷӹɫͨ͸Բ⻬ϸ
Ȼ˵龧Ө͸ʵϸ壬ѵõļƷҪӡ
ٲشںߣ鲻ʲôϡôԲ飬ǱȽټġ
һİĴʻãȻʵϵ࣬ʵжͭ壿
ƹ̲סЦЦһȻصģ˵ﻹǮɣ
˼Ҳװˡ
ƹЦЦ߻ع̨óһǮ
дСһĽвͭ塣
СһӺһԪ˵СסһӿɻʮӣҲһӡ
ܻʮһС顣һӣܻһǧöͭ塣
ƹʮϸģ޾ϸһ
ͨƷĶԱȣպŪǮĻͼֵ
Ϊ˸мƹֱӰ͸˶Է
ԭŶԷʶѹѹǮŽ͵ôƹĪо˲ǾлСˡ
յʲôʵ˵ǽˡ
ԣƹǵ΢ĩĲðһ㣬˵һͭͿһҰӡ
һСǺ«ͭһͷǸͷһǺ«
ȻէҪעһЩܶ໵ˣնؿ˭ҲһҪӷǡ
ƾˣֻͼСƣôˮƯĹҪǱƭ˾̫ˡ





5 ɵ
ƶǶĵͷͺý÷ֱǮþʹ뿪
ĳĶ̲סʵʣ뿪İ취ʲôҺѵĵҪϲ£뿪
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ƹеֱۣӰӻʮһС顣Ȼݸһơ
ǻҲͦģȫ̵Ȼ֪ҪôӹӾȥˡ
ȴڼ䣬ƹְԺ˲ˮġ
ȷʵòе˿ԷĶͬʱ۾һЩǸǳԵ𣿡
˵ţСͬʱ졣
͵ĵĻеԲҲǴꡣ
ǶöӶˣæ˵ǵģЩƹǳԵģĳ԰ɲµġ
ţĻ˶ˣƯĸ
ź޷ԲһĻĳ˵ǰסƹĻκ鱨м־İɣǮׯȷʵΡ
֪ÿΪ˹ߣץȥӵжôƯҪСˡ
һݸ߸ĻҲ˵ǾǣСҼҳ߱ΣգҪǱץȥֽһӣǾ첻Ӧеصزˣ
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շӦվһǰʯ˭ңһ
Żмʯƶʱõɴ˫ۣһӿˡ
⡭ôе㲻һ
Ӧͬʱ˸ĴָĿɿڴ˵ù򣡡
ݸ߸е㲻书ٸҲҩ˵磬ҪǳԵЩǻԲѣûҩô죿
죬ʶ˵Լֲ뵽ʲôֻһתʵô죿
ݸ߸״⣬һָҡҡ˵ҪľǷǲȥˣһҪֹ˺ǡ
ˣллǡǽԼô࣬ʮָмִӻ飺
ǲû뺦ǣô࣬˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨
ϾֻˣҿϲģӦòλһһţиղŰǰĸҲС
û뵽һ־ֱִʣԲƺǰ˵˰ɣһ㣬Ʋ¶˼ǮĻһҪ֪İ
ʱ˵˰ֻе̣ô
ȻĶ׽֮ƲȡɵҪ벻尡
ҪãһҪһ٣
޷޷ǵĽ̵ߺܶ·ʡǮˡ֮ǰûǮԵȻʲôǮ
ֻǾЩ˵һľĽĹԱҪлһѡ
ǵ̵ַ˵Ҳǳ
šƲ¶ҲܱԱ˵Ķ
˵ҲʵҪҲƴˡ
ݸ߸ӹ飬Ҳ˵һǮҪɵ֪𣿡
һҲˣЦеͷ֪ˡ
һͨգԵеɵˣֻãȻĵͷ
ֻڸԵ飬ǻƵĵȻҪԼá
ûãȥȵĻƾͻˣûüڣԺС¶ãȻ
ƹĸղż˵̸Ȼ֪ҲȥƽһӣԽ˵
ѾˣԸ緹ϢһʱǾͻǡ
֪ˣлл塣ʮֿģ˵պǵ٣ϣǰæܡ
ݸ߸һظ֤ģ۾֪ǴǮˡ
ллյͷѸһС˳ȥ
ղȥȵĻû뵽֮ϲʶƹ񣬼ͷϲӹǾ͹ˣлл
ͳȥҲоɲ٣Цűʾл
õִȥͷϢȻֱӼƹ뿪Ժ
ݸ߸ԼϴЦ˵壬Ҽǵ֮ǰչһ黨˰ʮɫûôǰɣ
Χţƹ̫Ѩݺһ
ɣ뿪ڣƹֱӸǮ
ݸ߸һǮһ˵ȻɵǮ࣬ǲʲôǲ̤ʵǻ书û
ûУ͵ܳûŪɣɵӣӦҲ벻㣬ȻһǮ㶫Ƿɣ
Ϊղյһ֣˾Ϊǻ书ıˡ
УɵʲôҲûУСǲţԲҲ˵
ȥ۽ġ֮ǰȥȵĻҲ˵
ˢˢƹ
ƹıƽ̯ܳһԼɣ
ɣ뿪ڡ





6 ˣ
źúȻƴݸ߸ȥˡ
ԲȥƹԼŵ
ٲƫƧƶ񤣬Ϻζʱ춼һ˴ǮȡǮԵﻹС
պһϣٶеƣˣסڸɾķûһ˯ˡ
˯Ѿͷƫ뵽Ҫʲô뿪Ƕʱһ飺ˣ
żæŵķ´ĻȤ㲻㣬̶£ĳɰʱҲˣԷɡ
Ǿͺãûд˲źݺݵ˿
໥˴һ·˲Ŵӷ
ԲƼǳˣִӳ˳ˡ
ʢһ⣬Ҳˡ
еݵ˵ѾԹҲٿ̻ʵĳ
ԣû˺ǳԵżԲæ˵
ţһߵͷһ߿ٺɨʱͰϵķһɨ⡣
ôó𣿡һֱԼֻпɵԲƼ״̲סֹ
ʱݸ߸˽ˣǣҪˡ
Ȼûദãһ뵽ǾҪ뿪ݸ߸̲ס
ɵǮĹδҲ֪ôأ
պ֪Ͽ뿪ȴͬʱ˷ллټ
ȵȵȵȡǼҪȥݸ߸ӥչһסǡ
ôˣײɵͣ£ĿŶԷ
ݸ߸Աùʰõİֱݸǣλú׬һʴƣЩǸ׼⣬⵶ʮַŷ
ﻹе۽һЩС֪ûԵټǶౣء
ʮִӹ֣صͷǻģҲףһ˳
ллǡҲжϵл
̶ûеǮׯˣȻƴǴӺ뿪
߹հ֮ź̶ӵ˻ϡ
ԤֻȻƿװ̶ҲֻܶٴζԼ
ټڿϣý棬ͷ
ˡ̶ӵͷǸʮͷɫϵˡ
һ£ӻ
С绹ԭؿţպֳ˻֡
ǸϳǸϴү˼ɫ࣬պԷദҲû˵ʲô
ͬʱϵ½һڷպ˵ʵ
һʼΪСлҪ˵ڳ̸
ֱҹһ򲻻᲻żҵնûлԤеæȥѰҡ
ʱΪɫڰǶûϵĲ˲ѵϷ˶ûҵˡ
ֱصؼҺ͵ܵԲߵʱ򣬲ſӲԶĲ
²ŮּʱʱļҪ÷ˡ
ǵĻصֵܽöûлæȥ˻
ٴλصңͿ½ɱۿ֪ͬ롣
һļ˾Ѿ˲ʱð̣ץŲ߽ȥϣⱦŮ
Ŀֻţ״ΪץŮæչ
ֱĵǣõģֱҪȥ㣬ܿģգֱˣ
겼½ɼֱҪЦգգץһҪƨɴ꣡
ҧгݵ迴СӣҲЦˣ˭ƨɻһģ
½ɶʱûĵһۣ򣡴ɰ˰Ҿ㵱ϴ󣡡
ʱƻˡ
֪Ůû£骵ľҲ˺ܶ࣬Ǻܲĵץ½ɵ䣺ǽ㣬ֱ
˶δڵĻʲô˼ͬʱɫ
ĵӣ½ɰȥҡ
ȥңҵͷҪֱתߡ
С쵰Ϊʲôõط
һٲŮյң
ıӰ赣Ůıᣬֱץż˾ȥ
ʣµĽԥã˵绹϶ҵֶģǻڼŰɡ
½ԥԭҲֻصĵ㣺š
骵ͷ˫߬һǵǡ
һߣСѾҡҡλε߳Զ
ӵнĬûһȽϰֵպ͸оеˡ
ˣ뵽ղСǵĴֲ鿴
Ҳ𽣴
ڵҲһѽΪŶԵǺǾͽʲôʲô
ҪôŲŲᶪʱԱߵȴĵ˵ֱ㿴ÿѽ
תͷһۣͱɫ廨
ϴ·ӺͿһֱɫɫȽϵһ
ӱȽϿ϶ƯĴ壬澹Ȼȹӵģ
ÿϲͣЩ̵ȹҲʮϲ
ӵ˲˵ͣЪϢǸæԼġ
һ䵭ӣպûȥֺǡ
󷹵Ĵǵչ˺öַ࣬ʱñ˲עʱպ⡣
պ˵ллǴֻЦŰڰ֣ȻָָԼĺҡͷʾԼ˵
״պʮϧ
ٴγ֮ǰһӵ߹Խ˵Ҫҹ·ûʱͣˣǶдɣ
еġպͬʱͷûУЩС˺öࡣ
š˵ͷִˡ





7 Ҫ
ŵĴճ˳ӣҪ
ǺǷֿ֮ȥ򡣡Ҫæ˵
Ŷ뵽˺ܶǮҲʱüЦĽˡ
С·յţҡҡλεĸоٴη
һ·˳ڼ䣬˯òս˯˵ذϡ
ͬʱֵҲұ鸽ĴС
ǿģӿСһʱҲûһ˿ͷֻȥջ¥ЩطѰҡ
̶ӵ˲߲ݵĸ·һ䵽ˣպҲŶ³
ʱͣһֲ·ߣұߵ·ȽϺһ㣬һ·ſӿʮֵ
·ɫ࣬ƣĳԵʮֲ͡
ָָһ·˵ǲˣ˳·߼׾ǸˣԼȥɡ
ǲˣպֵͷ֪ˣټ
ҲֻǵͷкӵԱߵķֲ·ߡ
ֱʱưʹҲ̽ͷﲻĻ˻֡
չǣպҲܹɵĺ𣺡ټ
Ŀ뿪պҲŶ·ߡ
һᣬ̲ס˵Щ˿źװҺû۸ˡ
һˣǺǶû˵ʮ仰
ΪȻǰԼҲ˵ˣǿߡ
áͷӿ˽Ų
ãڿһ길Ρĳţ֮ǰȥﻹ󣬶һдſŵš
ֻǳԱȴһľƣľдŽһһġ
ͨ·ϾĹؿҲ֪Щǳ͢ʿ
߽ţһſ׵ʿ˹
ĽĿҲżࣺʲôģģ
Էɷһʶձ
ҲֻźýãòĻش𣺡ٲģҪȥԷ
ǵһôʵϵĻشسʿҲ㶣ҲͲ٣ɱʮصġ
֪ˡԭҲе㲻ˬֱÿ
Ǯ˳ǣһţ˾Ϳ˷ĽֵʹȺͬʱҲ˵ķζ
ʱǺܶ˳緹ʱ
˳ʳζýһֵľ¥⡣
¥ﲻŻɫֵ̺ĵСͷϴűñӣ˹к͹ã
պһԱ£Сʵλ͹ҪԵʲôѰСˣĳˣ
ʲôʲôóԵģ֪ýϲԣʵյ۾ҲĶС
СдĿ˶ˣʲô˶Ҳǵʲôֻ֣˵
ɾͶˣС˵ĻǽЩƲ˶Ե㣬һʮģСˣһأ
տָŵǽ棬Ȼ˸Сӣһ˵Ǿ࣬ȻǸʲôƤ⣬Ҫһˮ⡣
ԼԵģֶʵʲôԼ
ҲһûʲôԵҡҡͷɡ
˵öСȥˣȻ̨ԱߴõŨȥ
£ֶ˵һһһٶʮͭ壬λ͹ҪڸǮǴٸ
ڰɡ˵ǮִӻɰһһģȻ˶ʮͭŵݸСһٶʮģ
Աϣɫͷ״˵ǲСǮ
ŽӹǮЦȴе㽩ӲСиһĨɻ󣬶ʵҺѸոճţ֪Щøٺʣ
é®СѾͷͷһȤ㣬ٵһӶһСڵûйǮģָſ˴͵Ǯˡ
ղ·ѯʣǲ˷СȻɻûйǮһӾöԷÿԭǸǶ֪
ûµĹⶼǵӡ֪ǲ֪ǲСһӺ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼһȴȵĵɴ˫ۣ⣡Ҳ̫ˣ
ֻĴȻһӣоЩʵʣԱߵͷȵıˮǺˡ
ղЦЦûϵŰɣеˣ鷳һ㡣
ãõģСȥǮеƮƮȻС˵ˣӴ
ܿ죬ԷͶС˺ˡ
ż̲ˣһӻм顣
ձһ
ִձϹ֥飬ɢ˱ǵζﲻԾڳĭ
һҧһڣ׽ºϲĶ˵С׼Ļóأȵģִúóԣ쳢
ĻҲҧһڣȻܺóԵģó򼸸Űɣ
ţմã˿ࡣ





8 С
ܿ챻Ƥ⣬;Ө͸ˮҲ۾һ
ϵʳɨ⣬õСװձ
С֮ǰǵĻҪպǮ֮ȥ
ֽݸ˵ʱ˴ǮСձȳ㣬˾ͲôִˣĻûһ£˾ִˡ
֪ˣллĻָмĵͷ
뵽ҪֶСʵС磬ܲʣȥأ
͹Ҫ𣿡ĻСʶ˿档
ţԭ¶˷ͷ
뵽λСһ־ĹǮСȥǿ͹ԵȣСȥƹٴǹȥ
᲻̫鷳ˡҪԼǹȥе㲻˼ˡ
ġСҡҡͷȥƹ١
Ȼǳ˾¥
С߹հ˹һдŷɳ۾ӵĵط
ŵſڣ˾ͿһŸӵŮˢˢ
ϰˢûע⵽ˣСֻϰˡ
ϰתͷ鿴пҲӭӣɣ
ϰǸʮͷˣżܳϴʡ
ȻСĹҲûӣЦӯӯʵ֪λʲôĻǵģ
ߵģҪһġոԼôƯϰ϶ƭǵġ
ϰͷһƥëɫߴԱͷ
ƥôⶼСĸɲЩմû֡
ȫ죬ͷβ͵ëǳɫһϲˣÿ𣿡
ϰﲢûоܾԵģԸȽ˳ֻҪҲ˵ġ
Ķյͷǰ
ǰĺȫëɫˮһһë֮⣬ûһë
һе㵣ģʶս˰ſš
ƺܵԷϲҲ˵ͷӷߺһ˲ġ
״նƥϲֶ˼֣æϰʵǮҪˣ
ϲϰ¶ڱصõЦݣɲأҪʮŶ
ո˵ãԱߵСȴڵϰ壬ӶСòôǮƣʵһ¡
ϰ룬ҡҡͷһһޡ
˵ллСȴ˵гϰҲͰģǵʮ
˵æ䣺ȻСҲ֪ãϰľŻˣ
ϰɫȥֺõ˵һ䣺ôƯ϶չǵİɣ
ȴϰת磬ĵӣһϰ֣ѽˣУʮˡ
Сĥ˼䣬ӲǰѼǮѹʮպĿɿڴ
ϰﱻϲЦտȥ̧ʱֶԵС˵أǿ׳Ҳ֪æ
ˡСҲʮָˣʱȴʲôǸƯ㡭
һͻôƯСн㣬ϰȸղŻã˼֣ôˣ
뵽СղŷѾ˼ӣѹ˵ѵûѡޥģٰһƥɡ
ʱоеԲС磬˼Ұʡ˺ܶǮ϶ҲΪûǮˡ
һƥϰ֪ʵǮ᲻᲻ˣ
ϰû뷨ǣһƥǳɫ
ôƥСڣ͸ղƥһ𳤴ĺѣȻҪƥĻһɡ
ƥȻǺѣպӦ
Сڣžͺаģ
ΪղŵĽۣϰĬÿƥʮǣˣ࣬һкöûϴأͲдˡ
ţлл㣬ټСˣպϰЦ˵
ǣ뿪˷ɳ۾ӣСҲøˣλղ֮ðĪҪûʲôСľȻȥˡ
֪ҪҲͷм˵ҲðллˣԵټ
ԵټԷ˵СҲ˿˸ˡ
ԶŶշѵĿڣֱǻ𣿡





9 
򵥣ȥ𣿿ҵģȴΪ⣬˵ѰҵĹϣѧǸ˵ӲŽ̤
䣬ɹʱͱϿҰˣøѽоã
أڸͷϱӻӣһҲ˷
ֻûôŽ̤ζϲȥŪòͷ
Ӽ״Ƶϡ
ɹϣҲûĺøߣܿԶ
ǰɣһҾ˵ı飬ٴԼĴ˫ŵ˵ӣȻ
һߣСҲĸϣƥźܽľ롣
ż˺þãʲôǽȥأ
֪ԶһɡҡҡͷһȥкóԵģȻǱô
أȻûĵͷ
ȥʣû뵽Ϊʶ·Ȼ߳˳ǣ֮ǰ̶ӷֱĵط
ԭ̶֮ǰߵĲ·Ա߻һС·ʱղ뵽ղǸСǴһСųġ
½ȥʱȴȻƳıӰ
ʱŵû궼Ҫðˣǣתͷ˵ߣ
ûˣôżҲæץϡ
ͬʱǮǵȻһգʶͷĴ鿴ȴʲôҲû
ԭ·һСξ룬ղŸϽͣ£ʱףŵú٣Ĳѵ濴ȥ
һͷɹһȭ
ҲŪýŲѣæʵôֱ
˼ƽ˵ˣڲˡ
ˣһҲŵòУһϸҪô죿
ߣ̶֮ǰ뿪ķպԥ˵
ͷŴٱܡ
о˵ļУСҲʮָҪ޴Ҳܵ÷ɿ졣
ջã±˦ȥֲϺȣֻҧѹ壬ס
յẦ£ʱʱͷ鿴ǼƽҲû˵ʲô
֪˶ãŲҲֱ塣
ʱ˱Ĵ·ϡ
·һѹۣʮֵ
պȴϾ˼ЩҲûĴķ羰ﱻźͲ֣±ץȥᡣ
ʱµöˣҪǱץȥӻһǵøĸ峤ŭʱҪô찡
ۿ죬᲻µӣֵο£ڲ㱻ץȥģ˾ҵһ٣һǰȥ
šʱãѹͲ֪ǺãԵȻġ
ãպ˴򶷵
ߣŶߣˣ
ǸӳҲһֽ
ŶԷԣּȴȥ
ٴûһ˾Ϳʮźµŵ׷̶ӵ˿
Щˣ̶ӵ٣ʽҲûô
֮ǰǸϳĴưʹѪڵѾû˶
״ֱŽһԾȥ
Ľûгʣֱӵʹȴ˺ۿӵĶӳҪ룬һϡ
ŷֱ𲻾õСͻȻ֣־Ȼôã̶ͷҲ˿ؿں
½ˣҲҵĴԱߵײǱȥѣ
ǰѶԷ巭˲䣬ͱɼǣðѪ˿ŵòᡣ
̽һ´ĺ©˼ģʹĿգֱˡ
ѾջǾеԽܣ˵òʵô£
ֻҡҡͷŵҲֻͬñʹ̡
״ҲˣֻǿֱۼѪ˿ʵԼȥҼˣǲǽȥˡ
Ļ˼Ż͹ձȭһ񣺡˴ζл
æסĸ첲˵ģҲǶգֻǣźûٿһ㡣
̶ԭжʮˣֻڻվȴˡ
ģһ̽˹ȥֻϢˡ
Ҳûţûɱˣղֻǰ˴˶ѣӰЩס
ЩһҲ˵ѳˣ׼Żŵȥβ
Ȼ±ץסջ޷ӲųĬʹ޵̶Ӱѻŵ͵˿ŵĵط
ֱʱ򣬳ĬԵóһţƤֽݸգ˵ĵͼϣ
ллûƴǣ˫ְѵͼ˹ۿǽֿ֮뿪





10 ө
һǻ̶뿪ķߣֻٶȸˡ
һصѾ·ߵʬʱʵ̲סַЩĺȭߣǵģôôݶ
״ҲԱߵĵϼһһ֣ǴһǻŹûеǳʺ𣿡
˵̵ģ˻ǶԷҪԽͻԽ
ǵˣԸѲ
СȭߣһȺ˺ݺݵһڣˣӳŪ㣡
ֱ̧ϣеûĹ¶
˱ߵһ۵³һѪѪ̲ﻹмŷƵݡ
һ٣ǿ˿ֶԷŭѵ˵߰ɣٱҪˡ
šͷСǺȻţĸˡ
·ϣ˸ձ
еɰҭɤӣվͿһùӵĹַȥժ
Ӹͷ󣬻ƲӲӵĿʮˡ
ժһĹ·ϲ˲ҧһڣСʱŤһţޣÿɬ
˼ڿˮֿɬζճͷܡ
ȵˮ״æشӰҳˮܹȥ
հʣ²ˮŸоһ㣬ҧһ棬ǾӨ͸ˮĹʮֲ⣺ôôôôɬ
ҪǺóӦҲỹôˡùֱӶ˵
ҲǡΪȻĵͷ
ڳԲݣҲϢһ£ҪˣҲ֪ûǡ
˼ҪеĻ׬Ǯ뵽͵۾ȴЩǻˣ᲻ҧ
һҲʱü֪ѽҲû£ڣʹСڶµġ
ţʵҲǲա
ֱֻҲһСһҲʹġ
òҪЩµĶͺˣ
ԱҲˡ
ǣһܷʯͷͣϢˡ
Щڿʵ˿ԶСϪ˵Ǳߺˮȥˮ
áյͷŽȥһЩݴ̴
׼صʱջ񣬾Ȼڲݴ﷢һֻëɫ쵵Ұ
˵Ž·ˢˢһٿҰŵþܣҲܲģ
صʯͷ棬Ѿôʯ˻
ںϾԣʯľȡѾʮ졣
мհѻ׼Ұ˲侪ϲѡ
ɣյ°ͣҰڵϿϡҵġ
ֱˣĵظһĴָ
õýõĿ佱ҲֺǺǵȥСϪ߰ҰɾȻ˹Ӵ÷ڻ߿
Ѿ͸ҡҷĻҫƯɬϣӳĵøӴ覡
ֻҹɽСӸֵ࣬ʢʱڣܽгн֯һ
ʱֲԶϪͻȻһһɫ㣺ֱ㿴Ǳߣ
ۣʲôᷢ⣿ۿɼԽԽɫ㣬ҲȲѣæܹȥץֻ
ҲܹƨɷСӸ𾪣ģƨڷ⣡
Ҳӵƨ˵˵һСΪө𣬴˳ССһͬǳɢ䷲䣬β΢ӳСƣ˵ľˡ
氡û˵ϾûС
ץ˼ֻөҲҧˣץĺʮֵӣųҲ
˻صԱߣŲԶ˸ө
΢ԽԽөϪ߷˳¹谵ҹ£쿴өӣֻǵ˸̹⡣
ÿȳ°ͣоЩСƯر档
ֱһֱһֱǵľͺˡ
ˡյעתؿˣָղץӵеȥСϪϴ֡
Щөһ㶼֪ˣмֻ֪÷˻ôΣȻͣϺͷˡ
ֱӻְѳӸˣģ
ٺÿҲܵԷ
˷ֳ꿾ֳһձԱˡ
е㷸ֱڲݶѴ׼˯
˩ڲԶ£˵ͷܿеķʲݡ
ΪӲ٣ִӰóѣֱѸԴ˯Ȼ̫ˡ
áѾ˯ˣӹ·ͷϼ۾˯
Ūһ»ҲԴɺ˯





11 Ǹߣ
һҹ޷粨
ڶϣ˯֮մŹǷ
ѵĻȼţҲҹӲˡ
ŹǷӣеˣǴȥҺóԵİɡ
ȾҲ˸Ƿ۾߳ỨãȳԸձӰɣ
ˡҡҡͷһձʱڶձˡ
֪ԳԵͦޣϲʳ˵ǿɣ¸Ҫأ
ҿҲֻ֪ϻеͼó˿
ܿˣͼûдֻд·ߡ
ͷóë׼ȥϪϴܵģпȥԼ
ŶͬĵͷҲóԼëִӻźɫĻ̿
ѻ̿飬СҵϡãСֱմ̿ĭϴ
ʰú˴ûسǣҲûӣеֻίͰ͵Ŀձ
ʮֹⲻȥֱڼǼĵı
ȴΪҳߣһԿѣ紵ɹ
һֱڣСŵһСϣµĵطȥҪǮ
۷ڽСһҿջȥ֮ǰǰ˩ſڡ
СƹĶֽСŵò᣺ͿͿͣ͹ãʲôҪæģ
Ǹڼ⣬СźѲԧϷˮһݣտǽϵӣһ˲ϡ
úãõģС⸱ŪЩɵۣ㶵ĵͷ
ʱջѾûڳԷˣǵĲ˺ܿˡ
Ҳòᣬװ÷ָԼװʹڳ
óԵ㡣ճԵһڼĺ۾һȲԼĺѡ
ţֱҲԵ㡣ŵͷԼˡ
˴õʱһŻɫȹŮӣһȺ˵ĴӵҲ˿ջ
ŮΪʸ֣ʮţׯдżֽģһ˫Ưˮĵβʮ㡣
󻹸ĹһԲۣʮϲֽи
һҶϸüôЩ̱߰㡣
ʸ̴ӵĴ߽ջƯķ۴żªĻֻʮֲôôƵط
æֺõ˵С㣬һҿջѾõˡ
ʸԺܷüûֿõˣֻøˣ³
ѾҲ˵ɽҰŮӾֱɲСǲİǸ߾ǡ
󻹸żʯɫװŵ̴ӣҲһȻĵͷ
Ů޵ʶڵԼҲֱӲˬ˿ĵϸ
ӴҵʲôأԭһȺϺطãǴֱɿֱӹ㿴𣿡
ʸ˵ӣָ˾Ҫѵ˶
ֻǻû˵꣬Ŀֱӳƿ˲ɫһ伱æ㿪
һ̣ղֱֱ뱳ߴֳĿӾȻֻ¶˲ֵͷ
ʸһ˼״ʱŵôʧɫ̴ӶʱεŮǰд̿ͣ
һȺõţջ
һͷԸĪһ٣Ҳ̲һ㡣
𽣰γҲŭȥҴѵģ٣򰡣
ֱƣҲЩģæŽҪʹ
ƹļ״æ˵ͼ˵ͣлú˵ܰ
СҲæѵıŶܽ
ʸ̴ֵԶողʮּɵŵСĻŮſȥ
Ҳŵòᣬ廤ǰǿװ򶨶մ˵
ҡҲ˭ģҸ㣬ҼСɲ˺ģҪҼСʲô£ҲҪҧ㣡
ҲЩһ㣬Сĺ˵ĶͻʧɫļŮˣʱĻЦԼ񣿡
Է˵Ҳ⣬ȥһվ߶ݺݵĵǣ
ȳԲѷģǺúõĳԷʲôˣҲҪҧǣҪ˹ʦ㣡
ƹһʼҲʲô̿͵һĻҲֻ֪һСͻæԲ
ᣬᣬλˣλ͹پԷģʲô̿͡
˵ſڵĻʸҲҲסһһıȥ
Ҳñ۸ʮֹҲסƹֺ˵ǾͰǸߣҼҿҼСҪҵ겻κס





12 Ƿǲ
Ů˾ȻҪǸߣŽҪˡ
ƹȴæסŻʸּ¶ֺõЦݣ˵˵ջǳǮͿ԰µġ
ֶ˼˼յļ״Žֲ˼֡
λˣɣ;ͷλõģҡ
ȴͳһһϣߣ
ҲʮַŭƹĵһۣǮۿĻˣ
·ʸּ˵ʱ俴һۣס
ǣڽϣҲղŵĻˣ߷߲ƽȴ޿κΣ
ϰҲ̫ˣǷֲ֣ЩµģЩˣֱ
СǺ죬ؿյǷονˣǱǱ˵ĵط˭ҲǵȨ
ʵҲ˼ϰ嶼ҪˣյҲûƤֵز
һСһһ㿴ùȥĿջȥȥ֮ǰȰ˩á
СĵĲӣλɵСæӭȥڵʵλãǴ⻹סأ
ŶԷӵЦݣһЩ׽һʣסꣿס𣿡
СʵеˣǹĻش𣺡Ȼ˿͹٣ǿջķɾҪҪȥ
Ҫġ֮ǰ治֪ס˵ԭǴ극ٺȥҸɾϢģ
͹롣Сͷ¥ߡ
뵽ʲôʵ͹٣һȷȷȷԼ̣ͨ͹סʲôأ
һȣܶ𣿡֪һȿ϶õģǺĺܡ
ԣȻԵģԷҪסһȷСҲ˻ˣǮסһȷĿǮ϶Ҳ١
ŵСŲ˲١
ջһ¥ֱ¥һȷ档
ŽȥͿһźɫĴԲϷһƿͼ֧ɫСĵطСӡ
һű°ɫʵĴ󴲣ϻмűӣβиŵĵطһܴԡͰ
ʱѾˣȴŵƣҲ
ɣҪ䣬Ǯſķ䣬ֱӶ
Ҫ䣬СϵȷһһǮӣסÿʱ֮ǰ
ԡյùֱӶ
Сƿ˶ŷ䣬ʵһΣ
տһۣ󣬵ǲеֶ˵㿴ô
ܲġҲŷͷȻ뵽ʲôǵô죿
ĻСЦǣ͹ڵڼҲרŵ˰չ˺ģ֤λιñġ
ǾͺáҲеطס˶˿
÷䣬Сִȥȷȷ΢Сһ㣬ûдҲΰʴеûԡͰ˵ġ
ȷСȷһ룬һŴʹͷԱߵһӣҪһġ
̣ͨպֱɵֻۣռ䲻ķŴ壬ÿ䶼ˣҲ඼
̳ͨʱ̲סʵ˯һĶ𣿡
Сҡҡͷǣ̱ͨˣһŴֻҪʮǮûǮѻѡ̹ͨҹôҲ¶޽ͷǿЩ
Ȼ¶ԷоԿæ˵Ǵ̺ͨȷṩˮͲʳģһȷͶȷÿնṩźʱˮ
ͷиӣʲôҪһȥˡ
ͣͦģһҲǮֵͦ
ҲʵǿԵȥˮȥ𣿡
СͷȻԵĿ͹٣Ҫȸӣ
áվǺܷ㣬ʱǮǸСȥ̨ӡ
ƹǮȻԿ׺һվݸ
ŵĻѷҪǱ͵Ҳûа취Ҫ˷ʱˣٲ
šյͷֽԿյȻˡ
ڼ䣬С֪һͰǣ˺Ժǣĵĸ˹ȥ
һձ˽ŴүڹСǣ·İж·ŵ棬ȻŸιˮιϡ
ôϸģҲڷˣӻóһСߵǰݸһЦչˡ
̤ʵɻĴû뵽ԼȻǮʱܳ˫ֽӹллллС㣡
лһЦֱַӸСʹ壬⣬ǵлӹ
С󣬲һҲġ
ڹ̨һ׼ҹȥʱָСˣ
ص䣬պĴŷĴ
Ա߻һСӣһͭ裬Ϸһͭͭһ£ɾˮ˵
ⷿѽʲôУû뵽Ǯסôõķӣ
ΪȻĵͷǾǣ֪Ͳ뿪ǸسˣڷҲҲǰ
뵽ιһϵ;ÿ
ҲǣʵֱҪ𣿻ǾϢ죿
˼һ˵߰ɣϵطһҵ˺ҵǵģȥĸҵطס¡
áôȫҲ
˵ŵСͰˣСˮ滹һصСãֲǽ





13 ϣ
СóԲ󣬲ʮͷӣպ¶мЦݣ
λ㣬˵Ǹ˰ﲻأҰֵĻˣ
ǾллˡĻվ֪ѾǮǽӹл
޵Ĵ󻨰꣬߶ʱסƯ
дǵĵСˮһԡͰˮҲЦ˵ϲŪЩݲݣװεʻǰÿջġ
Ưúܺáһͷ˵
˵ϲݵ˶ǺܻˣΪҷĻѬġ
СǰˮãŽҪϲ˵ʱһ´ߵӾС
аСҲ˵ջµ·ȥϴ˲òģŸСˡ
հѻԡͰҲȲ˵ֱҲȻȥϴˣٹ
յͷŶǵ˨ţղŰ˵ջ˶࣬лˡ
ţͷԼİ˶ŷ䡣
ŹϣҲغ˨ãȻŴӰóһɫ·硣
ѣ¶⻬׵ļֱӿԡͰ
ݵˮ˲䣬ֻ˸о궼ڲ
ƯĻ걻ˮݳζ⾲ůĻ̲ס˯
뵽ڵԷǿԱߵˮϴ塣
ЩһֱУ֪ôʹá
Դҳߵڣûúϴ裬ڷʱ򵥲ϴһ¡
Ժϴϴͷо˶ɵҪ
ȹӣӲͷϵˮ֣תѷ˿ϵˮɡ
⻹ģۣתΪģܿܰʪͷŪˡ
ƽʱڼϴͷǵǰŪԻأǺ
ںڷ㷢һãֿȥţ𣿡
Ŭʸͷϵˮæȥš
Ż·¸ɾĺýãִȤϴо񶼱ˡ
ɲ⼸ֱˡʮͬĵͷЩΡ
նʱһۣûû˵ҿҪˡ
˵սӹͷ
˰ͷŪͷʮַġ
ʵʵվǰԼôõѣԺ󶼲˵ˡ
Ҳʲô¶ԼϡָץͷûһͷҲˡ
ȥȥӡ
ûãű졣
С˵ķ󻹸ſɿɰİ
ǰ֪ҼҲԡ£ҲĿбӵİѶźãʲôʱ塣
á
Сﻻµ·պãֺ˴к뿪
ˣСſʼԷյĲ˾ȻСƷ
̱ζСʮϲһҪԵ
극պȥҲȥȥԼôˡ
Сӹֶ꣬˵͹ԼʲôС
û£յʲôֱ˵
֪ģҲС·
ǿСԴһϢҲû¥ˡ
·ϣĶ˵ֱûз֣СĶӣûŮأ
յͷԼĿҸоСడɨضۣһûйǮ
а룬ҪǴǿ䣬ͷˮģһпˣҪʲôĻŮСΣˡ
ǲ߹򣬵ǲǲж໵
Ǵ֮ǰһƯĴ㣬Сʱ򾭳ģǾǸҩͱڡ
Ǹ㲻Ը޸ǸˣȻֱͶԾˣϺʳĿȫǵʬ屻˳嵽ߡ
ļȴûȥʬڿġ
Ըղ˵ΪʲôûŮСʱʶãŮӲСõġ
Ǹֻһζûнöһһһ˻ûз֮ġ
˵ҲǡҲ˲׹ԭܲСأ
ſڻȻͻطϢ
ʲô´ҡ֮ǰղĵֽһ顣
ղȥʱ·һͨ棬ע⵽м˶࿴ǼۣУ֪Ŀⲻ⡣
šӦһ֪ԼȹϷš
״ҲϸغţȻ˵ĴϺݺչ֫
ϣ





14 ҪҪ
ڶ죬ڼе
ձȺձ
Ǻ«óԵǺ«
Ҫʴ۵ϣһɻҪҪ
ձ仰˵һѣ۾ҪҪҪʮ
һַӦԼڷ䡣
æ´Ьӣ׺·˸ͷͼҴҵߡ
򿪴ͿһŻɫȹͷϵ˿黨Ů˱ű¨
ۼԷԼԽԽԶæڣĽһ£
ģŮֻͷһ¥һĵƯڶԼ֡
¶һЦ˵㣬ּԷʲôȻֱӴӴ

ͻȻĹüϵСͨһ
ȵػûһ߹ȥ̲ס̾
룡
Сֲ
ռŵˣҲֻܲ˼ĳЦЦ
ȻߵŮǰĿⶢ¨ĺɻƯãҪʮǮأ
һƯеŮĻŭţ߲ѣƯҲ̧̫ٽˣһͭ壬һ
źϡټԼ۸һЩ
ҪʮյͷӺɰ˶ʮͭݸ
أԼѡҰѡĴպǮְѱ¨ʵ
յһֱƯ棬ʲôþˣҪ䡣
áŮ˴ӦһѡʮͷӹȻϸһݸ
ŻӹŮ˵лתȥ
дǵĵСʮɻ󣺡ף͹ʲôʱȥģ
ղš뵽ʲô˳ջߵҲ濴Լ򿪵ĴЩĶԵСЦЦ
Ȼطˣſȥˡ
СɻĸĻ˵ãͿȻֱӷȻӴ䡣
С
λ̾ģ
ûҲ֪ȥˣ
ţʱЦõҡҡͷ
ʱһߣ·ϵĻʸһҲ˸ղŵĳ
̱߰ѾԱ˵ƲƲ죺ȻǴֱ֮ˣ·߷Ҫ԰ڣ
ˣ˼ҵ£ôô˵ɡֿʼ𣬸̲סü
߰ɡʸҲڡ
ص䣬հ£Ȼȥķţ𣿡
δ䣬ԷͰŴ򿪣¶һЦˣֱϺá
ȲȥԼ䣺磬Ҹղ˸
϶ĶƯѵķ۰ɫ䣬Ҳʮ־ޣʲôѽƯ
յıֱ˵Ǻɻһμأкÿ
治أҲ治ѵϸ
ǶԺɻӡһֱǴԺеһȾ
ҼֻñлҪϼ֡
Ȼ뿪Ƿ֮صѡǶգ
ÿأʲôҲ˵Ȼɫʵ
Ҳû⣬ŸղǴĻ˵˵˵ͦóԵġ
õСΪſҲ˵Ļ˵ζȷʵ
ڳƤȥоͿֱӳˣҲƷӸ
˵䣬һŴͭС߼ϵˮȻ֮ǰͭߡ
ӡյͷǸС뿪һһſŸ۾һСԲµˣôڣֱ𣿡
ӡСʾһ飬ѰСȥо
ͦ氡ĲҲһѰ۵ӷŽһҧ
֭ˮ˲䱬ֻˬˣóԵģ㳢
šͷҲһ
СվԱߣŰе㲻֪ôţ˵̫ҲԲ꣬Ǵ˵ͺɻҲôģüȥԣҸ
Ǿлл͹ˡ˵СҲû
Ҳûã
һ¸õĻ飬´μԼ̧ˮһԼһ
Ҳö٣ְע档
Żͬ
һͻƯŴлС˼һ弦һ
磬СʶȤ뿪ȥϴ
ʲôУϴԱ߻һ룬һСëˢ̼ۡ
յıùԲûȥֻǶ˼οھȥ緹ˡ
ͬҲǣԳ緹ʱ˵ֱҿСˢӲݵģǴȥѰɣ
Ҳġ뵽һȥˣҲݸһЦ
緹СʰһԼȻϷ˿ջ
͹Ҫȥ¥µСǴŽǲûϰ֪ǲ˷ڵĽӹ̿ʵ
յͷţǸСëˢҪȥأ
ĻС˵СԼģ͹ϲĻһ֧ҪҪأ̼ҲƵģȽϹЩһأ
ҪģҪݣǻȥɡǿջУյȻҪ
õġ
ӿջֱС̯
һ̯λССģһֱȥѯʼǮ
ʲôҲûطѽĶղʵ
ЦЦͣ󣬿ԹҲҪ´·߹ҹȡ
վͦеǵͷҲС
СһĴ׺һΰͱš
˲ٰڱȸ
׼ú˻ؿջʰ˷֮ǰһٴӡ
ͨҲ֪ˣһسֻʮ븮Ҫ
·ϣպſʼ۵Ҫȥﻹȥǡ





15 
ǿ·ֱȥǡ
·ϻ̫ƽֻҪ·ҹˡ
ڶϣ࣬ſȵĴӾ׼
û뵽칫ûʰöоףܿС¡
⻹ǳ֮һ졣
ô찡ԽԽƣҲ̲סˡ
ȴһ˶Բߣ£ǱߺܶŽҶȥҶȥ㻹ܴСط
ãĻһӾͰæŽȥҶӡ
ԽԽ죬տٿһɹ˳·˲ٸľģΧŻѿʼѴִľ׮
˺ܶŽҶ˲
ԽԽ죬˲ϰææȥ
նҲܿ죬֪ʱ޷ܷ磬ѼӴúܴȻȸס˻Ŀռ䣬Ѱչźá
κܿ˽ʪǱס˻Ѻ·ǵǲˣðСӡ
һһռϣܿ죬һ絲éݷ͸ǵòˡ
ݶϳ˰ŽҶջ˺֦ܶӲѹʵ
ǵŪ˸ĵط
ȻСܶòݺ֦ţе©磬ǱĿֱҪ̫ࡣ
æһУҲ˲ϵˮ˵ֱ컻һѰɣʪ͸ˡ
˵ȥ
šһĻʪյ·⿪ˮͷóë˲ȻðɲŻϸɾ·
·ҲӰͷҺˣȸͷ
á
Լŵβͬźÿּ򵥵ķ٣֮ͬòղſʼת
ʰãڻԱ߿·ġ
ʱʱСڲͣ
ѾϣպȻҲҹ·ԭϢһϣڶ
û뵽ڶ컹ûˣȻ󣬵ûдɡ˻޷
Ȼͣһ£ܲʱʱޣ˻Ǿߡ
˿ǵĸ׻вٵǰʲôĿûˡ
ռ״Ҳͣȥ˼ֻһ·˲СΪжûѡ
ܿ죬ץһֻҰһֻʳİ¹
Ȼ¹һӾϲѡ
¹ѵõζҲʮϲЩȲĶ˵óԣȥƤһ£ռЩ񣬴ųԡ
أӦһҲϲϲȥռˡ
ܿ죬ζ¹ȱľϡ
ڻߴľӣֱӰ¹ȷڼϿС
ֿʼ꣬ϵ¹⿪ʼð͡
Ҫоƾͺˡ˾ͻȻ뵽Χһ𣬳ԿƵĳ
СʺϺȾƵĽڴ򷢣ĶżҲ͵͵һڡ
ڣôû뵽ƺأ
´αһЩĻҲЦ˵
Ŷ
ûһᣬ¹ˣûʲôģֱýһǱ̵졣
״Ҳ˵С̡
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ԼͺãֲԼӹЦ˵
ڵʵҲ̹̣ǲԵġ
֮죬ʱͣʱ¡
һ׳꣬պðʱ򣬵ڶͣˡ
¶Բ̫˶Ŷӳû뵽˲˲һʱŵʳζ
˼ףͿ·߽ȥԶĴӡ
·ڣȻмʳ̯ӣ
̯ӺһŮˣ糾͵ˬкҪҪ
Ҫÿһ߻شһ߹ȥ
Ȼһ̯ӱȽϰʵﶼʲô
̯ӺӣӦǲܴߵĶҲǷˣ
̯ӵϰԸȽϵİײ˵ǽӺ⽣ҪҪ㣿
װֵ⽽ӣһĶһɡ
˵һۣҲˣߵԱ¡
ѾŵԱ߳Բݣܻ˩
ܿ죬ڵĽ⽶ˣҲѰװ÷ŵϡ
СȲ븹ֻоˬѡ
ԱǮ˲ŴŸ
ʱǲһ᰸ǵĳ⡣
ֻǳĳʮֲ졣
ֻΡʵĳۼһȺڡͨա
ô£Щֻڳ޺ȺĪЩܡ
ҡҡͷ⡣
ԽǿЩĲ״ͿԽС
ϵ·࣬һݵհݣƤͷҴᡣ
ԵİɣˣԵġ
߽һЩƼݵ˺̽峯ְ
ʱտһͷϰƲϲ԰ۿݵŮԼָڻӤ
Ӥ˱ţС죬߻˿˿Ѫ
ιѪʶԷʲô˼顣
ƺſ˿Ů˶ʱźӹȥ̼棬˾ʵûа취ĵĹ㣬Եİɡ
˵ͷܿµռ״æ𣡱
ҲĶŵæӰóӵݹȥ㣬˿
óԵģһȺ˶ʱ۷Ź־ҪȥǵĶҲҪңң
պЩ÷趼Ҳ֪ô죬ֻܻűӵŮ˺ˡ
ߵɧңſһóǹŴ󵶵ʿܹҵǼţʲôʲôʵ㣡
һͲСĴү߷æȥֹʲôʲôͲܺú˵һô죿
֪ʿȴЦһô죿ô죿ĺãбȥ
ЩûӵСˣܽȥǣٸѵ᲻ǷҪ£
ңһụ̂ȹȴŮס
Ů˱źʿģԲˣԲҲǿĸŮԲǲá
ʿҲû֮ģǾΥҲֻü˵֪ͺá
㡭ձԷ̬ȼŭʵ޷붯ֵʱЩȴͻȻվһߡ
ʿüָ˹ȥպҲܵķȥͿһȺٲżͰ
ллллǣˣźӵŮ˶˵лǸİͷҴߡ





16 û
ʿųʵĵͰӿȥ£Ŷӣźöӣ
ҲʵڶЩ˾뼷ǰ棬Ǳٲ߷ڵء
ŴֲµĸŮһĻƺϰΪվŴͰľӺ롣
պ״ߵֵԱ߿һۣһ벻̫ϡһҰ˵ıӡ
Ще֣Ȼ˵࣬ҲԲΪʲôЩ˻
ǲ֪ǣ͢Ϊ˿û£һҲ͸һٶѡ
ûͲ̫಻Ҫ鷳ˡ
ʿǻǣʱͷҪҪǣҪͿȥʲô
Ϊղŵ£Ҳ˵ŽĵĸʾĬĬʮͭݸʿ
ʿƢȽϺãǸຩˡ
СӣЦĽӹͭ˵ͬ׵סЩСҲȥ
ŴĻյҲ˲š
ǲԼдͬģɷҲǶԵġ
˳ǺպΪղſĳЩþ
ճְοֱˡ
ûҡҡͷһһ㲻Ŀջʹ߹ȥ
ǱϷܶ࣬Сϵ·µġ
ȻСǴűñӼŰײǾͶ˵оͺܴ
ջſڵСæǰк͹ã⻹סꣿ
˵ţȻİǣ
ҪһȷΪ˵ҪڸǴһʱ䣬յȻҪסõģֲЩ¶Ұ紵ܵĿǷ
ϣһϷСһҲ
רŵǣȥãСĴȥ䡣
ķϵĻ󻹿γ趼¾ϸϲûʻ
εķ䲻Ƕţڰһġ
Ѷźãڴϴ˸
һ뵽Щʳ²İգӿһ˿˿ꡣ
Ҫôܰﵽֲ鷳أ
뵽ղſͷЩˣնʱһִӴ
ڷ䣬ķţǳȥһ¡
ĻֹܿţЩ˷ܵӺʵȥʲô
ȥʳ͸ЩͷˣǸ˼Ӳѽ뵽취˳˵
Һһȥɣ˻ܶһأ뷨Ҳʮּĵͷ˵
õģ߰ɡصͷ
¥£ղдǵСӭ͹ҪԷ𣿡
ҡҡͷ뵽û˼ǮְһСӵݸ˵
ã㣬͵ʳЩ˼ӲͣҪ͵ȥأ
СӹǮûüлĻСﻹֺõģ˵
ʵõĿ͹٣Щʱ֪Ѿڸ
ϳ͢ǲµģСϰջǹ˺Լǡ
ȴͬüҿǺ񻹳Բ
СԶʱЦЦǳԲʳǳ̫˻˺
ǰ͢ҲЩ񣬵α̫˶ԵطϵİɺܴӰ죬ԲŻƵġ
¶Է⣬С˵ͱ缯ҪƳǽǴǿɱ·Ȩ
ǺܿҲɵģƽϢʡǮҲֵңԿ͹٣ǲõġ
պƶǶĵͷΪʲôǽأôҲرģӦס°
ǺҲ˵˳ǸطҪǱˮסˣסﲻ𣿡
Сֻ棬ҡҡͷ˵ô򵥵ġ
˵ѹѹӽҲȷЩǵйļϸûмϸ
ʮǰһسǱǻɱһİգʮǰһȺϵˮͶ˲ء
ʮǰһż߲ˣŪǵ˶ˣһֱĲʹѵó͢²ظǽ
˵ŵСҲĲ̣־öԼûʲôӰ죬˵Կ͹٣ıȥЩҪǿʵڿ·˸ͷӰοһԼˡ
ЩѪܵӣҲЩʿΪʲôʯĳ
Ȼг͢ã˼Ҷˣȷʵȥ̫ࡣ
İ˻¾Ͳܽкˡ
ԣأҲֻ֮ܰǰ뷨ա
ǳȥ߰ɡҲоģǼСתע
šƵĴӦһ
Сæѣλ͹ٳȥ߿ҪעⰲȫܶŮӺСӶĻˣһҪһЩ
⣬ֲʵʲôĻˣ
峺ɻĿ⣬СӦǴ˼ҳ棬ֲµС㣬ͣ˷ӣרץŮӺСȥǮġ
ץߵȢϱũţӣͱĥ
ȥԺΪˣר۸Ů˵ĵطȵûٶȥϵؤ
˵ĳĿˣλ͹ò绨һҪСĲǡ
֪ˡĻպֵ˵ͷ뵽һӵĿֲ顣
ʵֱŪ𣿡
С⻰ʵͷʺţӦ޺˵ԵģŪ˷ӿΪĵĺأ
ˡٴε˵ͷͺ뿪ˡ
ĸʮ֣ЩĿѸԳκ˶첻һ˿Ӱ죬⣬硣
ڽϣǰһſĴЦ˼
һֻζӳ£þ޷ƽϢ
ʱǰǣСŮͻȻأؿڷʹİϣϣʹ
ĸĸôˣǣŵСŮŵòᣬŵ˵ߴ
շ׷ҵ˼˲䱻أæ·Էĵʵôˣ
˼ﲻҲæ¹ģְ
ɫɷףѣ壬ΡΡĿڣҡëˣҡҩ





17 һһ
ԱѸΧֵˣһȺŮٿˤʹСֹ˰æûмǰ¡
ԷôܣҲʮֵģһ߸˳һ߿ʵô
ҽ˵ãƫƫԼûʲô츳ѧ˴½˲ζֲ壬ʮһһ½ȫ졣
֮󣬵ǾͲҩˡ
츳ܺã̵һЩҽҩ֪ʶܿͨ͸ҩʶζϸǾ׼١
ﲻֹһ˵ѧҽĺӣĵﲻͬѧҽ
˵ʲô˷ʱ䣬úѧϰ֯ŮԺż˫Ь·
ȻֻǸѧ˰࣬κЩҲû͵͵ϰҽҽǲġ
ɫأ󿪿ڣļ˼ңҩȽأûеĻҵϸҩ
˵Ĳ֢ҲԱⲻСÿ޵һһģæĺ󱳰ο
ɫԽԽѿҲԽ٣УУλĵĹӻȥһˡ
ֱӰ˱ЩĵʵţģԶ𣿡
ſرܣֻҡҡͷ
״ֶС˵Сãǵûؼҵ·ǰ·òã
ţС޵ñӷ죬˿۲ѡ
СҲܵĸǰһ·СŴ·ձţæţŲҲʮѸ١
żȷʵԶ뿪ֵսһֹͬ˼䣬ȻΧһСũԺ⡣
Ժ˸ʱ߲ˣһ黨ȹͷϰɫͷŮڲ԰βݣĲ˳ֶԱߵĻ
ſڻһ
·СŮûп·ˤһӡ
ССһоʹһûüԼĸˣ
βݵŮҲʱһĲܹȥţôǸղŻúõ𣿡
Ҳ¸ͷǵģûܹȥ۷ӡ
Ů˰ӭ˽ȥֱӽݣŮ˵Ĵ£հ͵һɾķ䡣
հ˷ŵϣպȻоһѣΡ
һʱоԣͷһ˵ԺȻ뵽ʲôһֱӵ¡
ǷɵСﵹڵϣһĿ¶ظı顣
ССŮ֣ȥϲ䵽ûһ˿ͯ棬ֳݵ֮ɫεܴ׬һˡ
û˵ֻǰҩƿӴ򿪣Űҩˡ
ͷŮ˸Ŷһˮҩ£ò绨ǵСҲǿģ
ǰʱﶼûнˣ׵ҩûˡ
ҩ˳˿ֱ壬Ů˵ˣˣǿϵǱ߾ѻˣƾɫûһǧͻһҡ
֪˳ͨǷȺﲻᱻ࿴һ۵Ĵڡ
ĿûϹֱͣӿǵ߳ȥһŲֱϡ
ͷŮ˵;ѣִԱ߹ӣɫ·Ȱֽס
ʵ֮ȥ·ɫ׵ƯЩĵĿڣôÿĹ￴Ųͨ˼ҵģ᲻ʲô񱳾ɣ
ңô˰ߣ͵ǽ첻Ӧеصزĵط˭ӵóСŮЦһӵĿ
İɣǵطӶɲȥһʱٳ֣ϵرĻȥң̬ȵǲǵӿοһ䡣
˵С֣ղˤ˵Сֲ֣Ǯһݡ
Ů֣ʱԹͺҪôǮʲôãҳ󣬴ƯΣƯѣİ˶Ȣ˱Ůˡ
˵ţ񶾵ĵ˵ͬ׸һŮһۣ̲סȥƯһš
ɭɭĶ覵Ӻ޲ֱӹλֻҪܰЩ꾫ȫץȫŪŪһСʲô
ԺӵĻѿӲݣãҲǰͷŮʱʱ
ڿǵʱ򣬾ﶪҩȥǰ˽ҩԵȻʲôӰ졣
ԺˤŮ˸ӷɾˡ
ʱ仺ȥûãŶһŮ
Ϊ׵Ů˴֯в֬Ĩ۵ģݲһ㣬ϻԲѵƯһ˲侪޲ѣ
ӴǴɰСģյã
ųŮ¶һЦղŽǵģô۹Σ
Ů˿û߶ϣ۾ϲĸ̫ű˸Ĵָߣʵڸߣ㰡Ͻ㡣
һһǧðɣ̫żô⣬ʱ˵
Ůû˵ֻǳ΢΢ͷվҺ󷽵˶ʱӻóƱ̫š
Ǯ壬ŮֱӿԵպ뿪





18 ˭Ҫ
ȻЩ˲֪ǣҩȴûһЧ
ǵģֻװζѡ
ڵϵʱΪСʱ򱻶ҧˡ
֮͸һҩԡ
һʼݵʱҩˮЩˣǰ
˵ֻҪ꣬Ժ߳϶ҧĶ˺ˡ
϶߶࣬ʱûôֺܰ棬ǱˣǱҧˣǾˡ
ڰǰʮʱպꡣ
ԸղҩʱҲֻǸо΢ѣΡ
Ǿ붯ֵʱԺͻȻ˵С֮ǰ˵Ļ֪Се˷ӣһƾͼơ
ԭֻʲôĿģΪʲôҪץǣȻٸһϲЩ˷ӶɱΪ
û뵽˵ʲô˵ĵطҲɲȥԾͼװˡ
ǲ˲СŮߵʱûסһˣסˡ
ŵĸоԲ֪ʮ񣬲Ժ֮۾
ԱͬŵԵ˵˾䱧Ǹ
ᱣǵģһ˵ģ˳ȥǲ˵ĵطʲôܣж˱
ţͣҲ۾װΡ
˱ŵɺãһ˳ϡ
ûϳ˿
ղűŵʱ̲סûŤ϶ԷĲӣ˵ʵİԿԼ֮ڡ
֮Ľ̸ĿԣûκβӦĸо
һޣ̲סԷٲҲߵԶ㡣
û뵽˿һëȻ
ղŻǮµŮ˾Ȼָ
Ůˮ̣ʱҲǷһʱĻ
续üۣͦı̲סճյĦգϸ۹⻬С˿ǵļһˮ۵ġ
ʱȻûŮɫҲܾ׷ˣ֮
û뵽²ˣݲгģ
Լ壬źɫߵƤٿŮഺŵӣһҪľ
ôһ룬·𿴵һαΧֺãΪ˼ԼĻһԼϥӡ
ȥ֮ҪôĥŮˣ㽵Цݡ
ҡҡλΣһֱ˶ŵոо󱳶Ҫðˡ
ʱԼ֪ŮʲôܶԼ
֪˶ãԭ谵߱øƺǽʲôط
ֹһͣ£Ů˳ȥϸŵ㣬Ƥඥãɱˡ
Ըȥ׳Ӧǡ
һα˿ĵĺֱǣٴβûס֡
ûĻҲûгֵҲֻܼ͡
ŵϣܸо»зùĲݶѣôûѣҲʱԱߴϤ
ۣͿԼʱһ谵ĵطϢ
뵽ʲôæͿԱŵա
Բѣʱˣļżֱ
šװҡѵҲ۾ãȻĿ˿ܣģ
˵ҲΧĻһ谵ӣӵĸ䶼ڷһľӡ
ŵȫŮˣŮǳ඼ȴʮ㲣ϲһѪۣ˱ֽ
ЩھʮңһȦĿٵжʮ
Ÿձ°ƯЩŮͬѹ
ȻԱһûѪľ׮ϵŮȴڿʱȻ۾
һ˫ֱĹҲȴҿڡ
û˵һα𣺡Ӵˣ
ѰȥͿһมףĴ׳ŮЦ߹
ͿŲҰ׵ۣ֬⵹ǴͿ죬촽߻谵Ļʮֲֿ˵Ķħһ
ְȻӲݶһ˭
ңȻûбĻ֣̿ҲûſޣŮ˶¶ͣԽҡ
Ҫ
Ů˻û˵ͱϣûӦͱͻȻһߵǽϡ
ͻһĻһȺŮͬʱ𾪵ֱ壬ŵĿվӰ
ľ׮ϵŮȴЦˡ
ԱվŵĴּ״Ҳʱɫһ䣺ϣ
ԼͷҲسһ
ȻӭϾűӳסֱۣһݺݶؿϡ
һʹͱԱߵͬ
˱޴ھҳȥݺײһľܣȻ˫˫Ѫ

ľܱã汻ŵŮҲŵòᡣ
ռ״Ҳæ˼˵˼ˣ취Լȣ
СİʱһһȺĹǿõȥˣһĸ߸





19 ֱ߰
ע⵽Ա˵ˣŶԷȫĵֱӿӭȥ
ܿĵкֱӷֶᵶ˳նһȡ
ӿѪʹధ
һ߲ŮҲľҪȥ
ûͱһŵϣʱʹĽл
ŵӣݺݵĲŮ˱ϣԿ׸ң
ڡǱߡŮ˴ʱ¼ˣʹͿֻ嶶øɸһΡΡָԱߵǽϡ
һţŷ߷ȥԿס
ԿĴһԸ޷ֱİǿǰӵġ
֮ǰӱӳŮһ߷״Ҳҵıܿ򶷵˹æ
Ů˵ǶԿеӡ󣬿ҵսЩżָ
һӱ򿪺󣬴Ů໥æûİﱻ˽⿪ӡ
ȻԿһȥӡ
˵Э£ڰ˶˳
һӴ򿪣һɫ·ĹĿ޺ľ׮С㣡С㣡
ľ׮ѪŮѾ˷Ѿȥ
ȾѪղ԰ף¹棬ͺ׵۾ˡ
ʱſ˾ȻǵϿջǸߵ֮
øѪ«һŮ˾ǸС㣬·ǸԲѾߡ
ȻеԹҲǼƽЩʱǱֽͨѲĴ֡
æִ˵ȫĽ䣬ﻹŸղŵϼĳ
ȻӣǸô꣬ôҲЩŮҪá
ֹ۵ŮҲ׷״ӵϼõϵĶӡԼװĵʻжѵľ
õĶǶ׷׼Ľǡ
ܿ죬վͽⳡսʱҲȾѪġ
Щһأ˶ȶ֣Ҳȱ첲ȣоǱһƴʧȥжġ
һȺŮ˿վڱذ֮еٶ̲סǳݺ;
հ˶򵹣ĵ߹ȥֱû°ɣûˣ
ҡҡͷ¶һɵЦݣû£ôˣ
Сİʱһ
ʶΪЩˣǱܵͷ鿴
һͱӭײһģײæַס
סȻͷͿһŮ˵ǺץסһŮ
ֱǵŮ˱ϣȺҲ˲
Ů˾ŵקŮš
һס˵ϵŮֱӿ˳ãô
һз̫죬Ϊڴܵպֱ仰ʶԡ
ǰһǰͿŮ˸ͱһʱʹ࣬ĸѪֱ
״Ҳɫһ䣬æȥˡ
ʶŮ˶ȻͱǵնʱŭѣһѴ˵ǯק˵Ů˷ŭѣΪʲôô
ͱˣŮƺɵһƾŭҲ
Ůӵ˿ڣѪֹ
ûκι߿õæ˵ֱ˵úأѨֹѪ
һֱӶŮˣ
һҲְ˽ŵĶ֣ԭǵǶֵŮֽϡ
⼸ΧԱߣǱСӵҩÿδǶͿǸ
ȥҩֱ˵
ȻһŮ˵λã˼ֹѪĹؼѨλ
˿˼ҩƿӹϸһ£ŪһָⳢ˳
ȷֹѪҩ۲ŷŵԱߣִ·˺һ鲼ҩۣ׼֮հε
ʹ巢ҲŮˣҲοûµģ£û˵Ҫأ
һ˵ţס˵
Ůҧصͷ֪лл
һҽУļ⵶հγѪ˲ӿΧϡ
ֽİҩ۵·ȥѹסﲻסİοţûûˣµġ
Ů˼ʹҪʹȥָ߬Ӳţһ˯ȥһ˯ҲѲˡ
˼״׷׸ֱ֮ͬܰǰʶ˴ˣһȴű˴໥
ѪʱĲ˿ϵĲ
Ҳ˿վ
ŻʸֵĸǱûˣҲ̲ס޺ˣˣǿҼС㣬ҼС첻ˣ
ողžͿǸøѪ«һŮˣҲ߹ȥ鿴ϳ֮ǰġ
ҲΪ֮ǰ˫ۺ׵ֻʣһǿܿԷ
ǼԷûΪ֮ǰ鲻ǣǼСһʱǸм־޵ݡ
Ů˰˿ڰã˰ҩƿ͸գϱȽصĵطЩҩ
սӹҩƿû˵ʲôֻǵݸ˸
ӹҩָлæΪԼӷϡ
ΪֽȻһӰѴҩ۶һ
״û취ֻֽӹҩƿŮҩ
ллллԼС촽ſ
ǲֱ࣬ӱ˵Ůˣֱ߰ɡ
ԼӵĺýͻȻôһʱ仹е㷢㶣ӦŵͷŶ
ҪߣҲˣʹȫ뱧Լӡ
κ̫
ƲƲ죬һɰ˱





20 Ҫǡ
ǰ濪·ΪǵнõŮҲٸš
֮ǰ򣬻Ƕ÷˶໥ű˴˽ǣ»ᱻ¡
ܵͨվͿͷһƬǻһ¥бϡ
ϸһͨǰĵһ̨иС͹߹ȥһ¡
ݾͷ򿪡
Ҳûжȴԥߣ
ϣ̨ܳ˵ĵط
ŷڣصĳھȻǸòɽǰҲûӰ
ﻹĸüĿСк۵С
δʳˮ˶ҪֲסˣοЩǡ
տżǱôʱ䣬֪жԶЩ߻ȥ
˵Ȼţǻȥǣ
һ⻰һȺŮͬʱ᣺Ҫǻߣǧǣ
СӸǿ޵òѣؽ㲻ҪǣǻԻģСؼҡ
ռæͣǶǣֻ˵úҪͻȥҩǸϡ
ûµĶ໥һѣܸϵġһֱĿõļҲæ˵
á²˳٣Ҳٵ󣬱˳С·첽߳ȥ
첽ߵʱŵĻʸҲ۾
ǰ޷ŴĲգʸٲĸ߰лл㡣
ڻشһ䣬ʱʱͷûȫϣֿǱ߻᲻
ҪǲһһҲǿԡ
ũʱ㳭һϰٽﺣҲѰ˱Ȳ˵ġ
ûоһСŮȴֲˤˡ
ʱղŷСǸɺԵѪСҲ׵ÿֲ
״ͣСŮǰԼá
СŮ֪ԼϺȣʵıסĲӣлл㡣
СŮµĻոоۼˣСοû£һܻܿȥˡ
šСŮصͷ
ȻһԼ߰ɡѾ˵Ļʸֻֻ˽û£Ҳ˼»Ҫ˱ߡ
ֺԼߵŮˣվûôˣ·Ѫ͸ˣιȥ鷳
ӲʸһۿðᣬǼⷢᷢ졣
Ŵ˵Ϊ֮ǰգҲΪԷ䵭̬ȶίΪһʹ̡
سǵ·ûԶ˲ʱͿ˳š
ʱʸֺöԹȥϢʮ΢
ųŵʿһȺͬϣһ
سǵʿҲǣæ첽ܹô£
˵е˷ӣǶǱ˷ץߵġ
Щ˶ȾѪسŵȻæţ죡͵شȥ
һȺʿӹǻﱳϵˣҲ˽ȥ
ձ˺üײȻ񣺡ûˣҪȥҹٲЩ˷ץȻˡ
سǵʿѾǰԵȻûǡ
ĻȰ˵ֱ˵ǵطģǴ˹ȥ
һ£Ϊ֪ǽʲôط
һŮһһ˵ˣ֪ģڳµ·һԱһС·С·ȥһɽЩ˷Ӿɽҡ
˵λʮʿһӾ֪ˣæǰȥץ
մʱ˵һĿڣǰҺҽץȥģ֪ط
ʿǵͷٲٴ·ȥ
ְ˽ŵĻ£һȺڵ˻شá
شõ̺ܴ󣬴ʱѹš
Ǿٽпܲһʱ˶ˡ
صĶΣˮҲˮ
ıˣø˿ֳҽݵ˽ùָ˿ڡ
˿ڷֻصķַͷ׵ϴʮ־ޣҲϰҽ֮ˣ
ѧһ㡣ͷְ˿ϵߴýᣬ϶ͷ
ҲʵùǺˮţһȥŸоˡ
ȵ˶õò࣬ղ֣õʵǶʶ𣿡
һͱȽϴ󣬳ĹĻæش𣺡ζͺãǺͽöǴСһĺѡ
һһСĹҲ˵ҽСҽƼƼ
ȥµ·ϱץߵģҪǣĲ֪Ҫôˡ
֮͵£񣬽ˣҵĺաҡҡͷԼû̫ĹͣΪֱܾȳô˵ġ
ţһ۾Ĺ
ζ㣬üë䣬ʮº͡
ƼƼƫݣƺ岻е㲡̬һ˫ÿǳģ
СͱȽϿɰˣŨü۳ëСԲ°е⣬رϲ
Ҳǣܱ˷ץߣôܳóˡ
ˣҲûг̫ͨġ





21 ץ
ĹҲ׷׹˵лʱ򣬹ٸĹٲŻ١
Ϊ״˫ñɽӿž˫ĶһȺ˭Щ˴˵ģ
ΪԷѯ˭Щ˴˾ȳˣվңС
ո˵һҺ˷ΪŰ˻ûץֻǴ˫ņֱ̃һӣ
ô˱ð죬ֽţֶ˺ݶ˰ץ
δ䣬պһȺͬʱ˫ۡ
ձҩĻʸҲʱüͷһ塣
ˣģΪ˾ǲŶ֣ЩˡһȺŮȿֺҪΪս͡
֪ȴĿǣǷֱжֵۣõȺлң
һ仰ͬıһȺճڵŮɫɷףĺˡ
ҪȥۣǱԱߵСƼƼסѻʯˡ
ܲҲԼдǺڹٲֵʱֱǰӣֱӽ˺ݺײɡ
ǰקסż˵ȱ嶯֪ԾЩٲҲš
ȭŹ򣬿ȥϸǰ˽ܰ¶ϵͬʱΪйһ
ͬҵøͷӬһĻҲæͷ
Щ廨ͷĹٲû취ǾŻѺһ
ɶһȺٲ֮տһۣҲûһȭ뿪ơ
ᣬѹٲֱ֮һԾ֪ǰ̧žǵһߣȻӻشô뿪
֪һߵȻصڵأͷһĹٲŴ
˲ᵽǰɴñֱܿŭˣˣ׷ɱ
ǣĹٲŭҲиĳȥ׷ˡ
ԼҲطֱŸһ뿪˻شôæصջ
شСĻϳȥϸǡ
һߣմӻشֱ֮˸ڵݶЩĪĹٲܳȥԼǱ˻شá
شſڻйٲأֻʣһȺȳĹ
˶ʱϲҪڣͬʱζס졣
ǿŵĻʸҲ첻ѣ˿˵ģЩ˵ʱһҲܲˣ
ջȥˣűߵСʱСãЩˣ
˵ǿĻҲ֪Щˡ
죡һȺ˼״æְ˽ŵҪղ
ǵطô󣬻æ֮ʣֱӰ˻ʸֵȹӵȻϱӡ
Ϊʱþ˵أһʱϢĴôʱڻԡ
Īȹﻹϣڰ̲ס뿹顣
ŴЩһ٣һűһ߿ɽɨЩŮˣĿڣ
˵˵֮ǰô£ǸŮô˵ģԱֱٲ棡
մʸֲɫס壬һϢӵװΡ
Σֻſȴ˹⻬ļ
ʶŷŮ˵ĿӺܲһ
ĿӶſģŮģûӣ
ʶȥǲûӣǺַܿӦæͷ
ǿռޣһתͷֱŮ˹⻬Ĵϡ
ʸֶŵʱ˾ͽӲסˣû뵽ͻȻԼֵط
ĪļɫҲǺ졣
ͽӣ
ΪϹߺܰٲҲûµĲԾڰѯʣһȺŮҲиķܻ
ǾʵһСʱСﲻ֪Ϊ»ʲôֱӿ
ٲʮֱֲͣһȥ죡
СŮһƴڵأϸ۵նʱ߸񶼻
С״ʱŭѣСŮָŹٲƿڴ̫ˣЩĻӵĴΪٲ
û˵꣬СŮĹٲֱӰγ嵶
վѾͲסʵֱӴӱ˳
ۿǹٲ嵶Աߵĵֱȥ
ٲٴαŰǴҴҸʿȴΪ·϶ʱٴС
ѵأһɵľŻںһֱӽ׼
һαΧյƢҲѹƲס
ŭĿɨһʿٲǹһĨЦǷǲ֣۲ۣǡǸ
˵̧꣬ʹֱӰѲԶϵĿ
ȻȡһȺʿ͹ٲʱɴ۾
ȴѾ˵ϻõֱӶ׼ĹٲҪȥ
ɱĴسǵפһǰ߿ٲǹɨ
ն㿪Ĺһֱĳǹ
¶Էͷ­ʱһ𣺡ס֣ס֣
ֱ
ʱֱӽڵת
פݺݴɳȥ䵽ϻδ۾ֵĿա
̤Ϊźɫۣһѽɫзնڴˣ򣡡
ͬʱܼһŽɫ׵ʿͽ˰Χ
գͬʱ¡





22 һϾͷ
ֵϵƻͨ¹ԱĿ⿴ȺվñֱճڣŮӣսΪβ򣡡
վǶһɶٴζʱһŮӾվǰڣˣҾҪ²ǿ˼ҹ򲻹
λŮ˷ȳʮ޹ŮӺͯȴΪαΪͽ
Ϊα֪֪ȴ˵ҪλŮ׽ù鰸һл޹ץ֮ˣ
ŮȫѪѾɺԵĻʸ֡
ڻѵҫɫѾҰֽɢȴС
ǡĴ˿λ˳ʱĸһæӦ
ɽӣҲǱ֪ȺӴֱӾήˡ
ٿѲ˶Ů˹ӣʱҲ֪²ֱӹڵȥˣԩԩ¹ֻǡ
ƽʹֱ̰ӶԱߵ˵ϽǸץ
ǣŻӵǱֱӰ֪
һĻʸ˿Ҳ֧Ųסʹȥ
С㣡״ʱȥ
ʸֱգȻҲ˼ҵϣְ
д򣡡˿һĻҲʱһæȥΡ
شõĴٴαϳβһ֮óۣλСʧѪ࣬ĲŻʣҪʩΡ
һæץŴ𣺡㻹ϽģҼСҪʲộǾ嶼ģ
һ仰ڳ˳պ֮⣬˵Ķݺһ
פᰳĽҲ˴¾ԷͬСɡ
һȺͷ׵ϴְ˽ŵΪŮƣƣ뵽һ忳ⶼģ˶ľս
һ˱°ãǴʱ˶Щٲʿû˺ӡһֲ̿ļһ
ҲԱߵĵץּ飺ֱղûˣ
û¡ҡҡͷЩɺ
״ΪΪղԼ뿪ģæֱͣղŲ붪㣬ǸŮ˵֪ԣҪȥǸˡ
ûȥãǾǸˣҲżܡ
տżЦˣ˵֪ǸоЩˡ
֮ǰ˵ǵٵĻᱣգû뵽
ʱͷǣһ뵽ǸǵŮˣһ뵽ЩٲԵɵֻо겻ѡ
˵Ҳо̫ˣǰ˭뵽ǾȻôأ
ܿ˵ҸоǺ˶࣬㿴ǾĹһΪǵ˵Щô£Ϊ˵
˵۾ֱǱΪЩʺ;಻ˡ
˵Ĳ⻰ҲһЩ
뵽ǱΪһĿڣ˾񣺡ߣȻٲܣǿɲܰװ׳ԿźС̬Լʰ
˵ЩˣҲ޵صͷߣ
˴ӻشóĻֹѯʣ֪λҪȥδ
ôһյȭͷӲˣôǷˣ
ˣֻλŮôˣ˿ܻҪλŮϸ˵һԡӽԭ𱣻ϰΣ
̰ҵƵƵԻǺѲϲ顣
ΪСϿѵǣȻ֪ǰͲĹԶ֮ϣǾ˿ĶˣҲ⾴һЩ
㽲յҲûôβǵ˵ȥԵ㶫һ»
ԭˡһ˵ͷÿ·
պ׼뿪ִҴ׷˳ŮŮȵȣ
պͬʱͷ۾׵Ҳûжٹģʲô
˫ֵһݷ˵ŮҼլӣ˵λо֮ϣλҪ
ͷӣΪʲôձе㲻ˣ֪ö˶˵ΪʲôҪͷӡ
ĸм˵һлл͵ˣ
Ȼ֪ڻʸֿ˾ǣ޹ңûеطȥ˶ǳ϶û¶֡
סջײǳԶ֮ơ˶Щų⣬Ҳ֪ǲԸܵġ
ûȥɣòšҡҡͷֱתˡ
ҲûԷյĽŲ뿪
ȶ̫żſڣͿͬƻͨ
ǸС̬űΧżˣСȻһ˵ıžƺ
ͨ죬ޣȻ־ľƺҵϣһŭͨͨŮ˶ȥ
žƺ˲͵ŭ𣺡С㣡һϾͷ𣡡
ʱһ紵ԺĵͬʱϨ





23 ŹҲ̫
ԺС٪״ͻȻһ顣
ԱߵʴͻȻתȥ˭˭װŪ
ǰڽµļ˿һĻҲֻͷƤ飬ʶǽڡ
ҵ淨ʹṦ̬ǰɹͬʱЦ
ȥİӰ٪Ůʱʧɫһĺˤڵϡ
վϣͷס˫۳Цҡҡ㡫ˡ
й
٪ŮͷɢİӰŵü
˸ֱӱΡ
ʱԺұߵķűݺ˳٪Ůһţʲôϻò˯ˣ
ռ״˫һУֱӳ˷ȥ
ʲôȻͷͿһӰԼ
δ䣬ͱŲӷݺײǽϡ
ѵ̫źһŮҲ鿴һĻͬʱһ˹ȥ
ﺰŻһ߼ץĴӡ
ӲҵһѸͷøɹӡ
˶ˣְæ𷿡
ֱѷҳɷ棬ĿգأЩǵͬǣ϶Ҳƭ˺ܶ޹ŮӣǾ𣿡
ˣôܣҡҡͷֻһû湻أھŪ̫ˡ
һ̵ֱ֮˵ġ
Щ׼ר캦ĲˣЩ뵺ϴҽᣬ˺Ưĵˮһʮɱˡ
ԶҪɱûκθ
ĳɳ켣࣬ҲûʲôԣֻʵҪô죿
һҲǣ˵ǲǰҩǰһ£
ãһܺãȥ롣
ҵ־鷳ֱӰѼ˷ָ£ż˵ĺ¡
ֻһȱֵ˻г鴤٪Ůˣ̫ţŮˡ
ɽֱӶڣˣ߰ɡ
أӦһĽŲ뿪
صشã˼ڼҩĴЩ˶˯ˡ
ŮӺǸԲѾߵǲˡ
տտյĶҲֱӳ˿ĸ衣
ڰҩȥ档
ҩҩܾͯ˵ҽݲǿջͿŵա
ٲӶӲյɱԹó棬һ˵
ߵã˵費ģⶼӦõġ
ǶԷת䶼տһЦհǮ㡣
õġҩͯ־ܾպˡ
Ϊ׳ԣʱҲûпٿѣһ׷ˣȻкýһԷ
ȵԱ㣬뿪شãΪûϢĵط
ʱһ£ֱȥסķ˿ջȻʹˡ
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˿ջشòԶһתľ룬ջŵźڴС̲ס˵
ʲôûϵҲҪȥǣ˳Ǯ˾ǡ
Ҳյͷ
߽ջ֧ӻ˯СҲѹæʵ͹ٴ⻹ǡ
з䡣ֱӴóԿס
úã͹롣״Сֹ˸ơ
ʱѾ΢΢ˣȻ·϶Ѫջˮ򵥲ϴһϴ˯
ڵҲǣɵϺӻ˵ӣ֪Ҳ˯ȥ
˯ѵģ֮ӰЩǮȥԷ
ȴϿһֱȥôˣ˼ǵȥԷء
֮հȻ¥
ջ¥йٲţڵһƤܷС
׼˵ʲôĹٲᷳĿʱһȻؾص񣺡ŮѲЩҪ㡣
Ŷҳ극˵ɡ۶ûСˡ
֪ٲҲҴߴ٣ֻվԱߵ˹ĳ극
Ȼȴƣ극֮ͬûֱӳˡ
ڽϣ컹ĽֵЩɪٲʿһӶӵĵѰ
شںü˵ֹʵˣԷ𣿡
СҲмѵĺкԱ߻һеġ
ԹˡȻش˺ýõĻȻŶ˵ҽգ־УĺŤ
ɷףѵȴҡҡͷֱ
ô֣أҲЦ˵һֱʲôȷʵŤǶأ־ǡ
ȷʵǾòˣüҲֻܵͷǾ͹
ˣЩأ컹ѻشĹǶûˣһ䡣
վԱߵƼƼ͵ƲأҲһֱ˼⣬ʱǰŵٸϢˣмѾ˴ȥˣ˵ǵл
ͷú˾С
˵껰ζԱߵҲ񣺡¹ǡ
⼸ҲĴѰ⼸λõӰҪǣĲ֪Ҫôˡ
Ǹ簡տһۣȷʵúġ
¶԰׵ЦݻشҸ磬Ƕǹ¶Сһ𳤴ġ





24 ͷ
͸绹ζһӵģʮ꣬ʮˣζʮߡ
˺֣˶ˣǾͳ˹¶
ʧȥĸ͸绹ζһ·֣СƼƼ
Сʮ꣬һʱӹġ
ʱζȥҰҲҩʱпһĻͰСˡ
ƼƼʮ꣬Ҫȥʱܵʱ㵽
֮Ϊ˶ƼƼļˣһֱ˲
Һøǲݴ񣬵ȴݵ¼ؤ
ȵ糤Ǯˣһǵģڷ絲ӡ
꼸˵նʮͬ飺һжȥˣԺǻԽԽõġ
һЦᶨͷģһġ
ԽԽģԱߵĹٲҲԽԽ̲סǰڣ¹˻ڵ㡣
ԭЦº͵һҾһҪȥͲǼ˱ֱӸǶˣ
ٲ亹ֱðŮôһж࣬һЩ˷ӴðӻĿֻ˵
¹С֪ĲܲˣҲܾһӴһˡ
Ѳǹĺù٣ΪεİҲǽͷöҹδߣ뾡콫ͽ׽ù鰸ӦҲİɣ
ðɡӲȻԷȰҲȥʲôӴô참ġ
ֶ˵ȥܣһҪԼҪл˵ĻҲûϵһҪܡ
ε£ûȭͷ˵Ȼ˵ĲȭͷӲӲеͺˡ
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˵ĻüŴ죬ٲҲֹͷ࣬ͷ
ǿǰ˸ѲִѲݣطԱҪԽʥ֮ӭһƷٶģ
Сǡ
ղŲѧˣŽȥʲôˡ
д֪Ĵլ⣬ٲ˽ȥͨ
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šˣҲֻǵͷ
̬䵭뵽֮ǰĲ죬һСԲǵ÷죬æ˸ƣأ롣
Ŷɵͷ̧˽ȥ
ۼЩӶѾ߹ĹٲһĻе㲻ˡ
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ʱղſ˻٣ǸŮӣνԼ㱻ԴĽ
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Ѳʦүѵ״־̧ѹһ£¹𣿱پһյ龭Σ
Ļղ⣬ó·õ˵ǣҽøյǣΪ··ϱ紵ãǵ˾ȥ·
ˣԭСܲЩģ˵ǾǲԱҲҪܣȻ˵᰸ǺܶĻרץƯŮӣСһ㡣
뿪ջûãһļ̫ţΪҺýûҽȷԷвԾȥˡ
յûһǾ˹ȥѹǸطв˱
һ뵽ЩﱻץʲôҲΪԾԾͶˡ
ȻЩİ˵Լٶֵ飬Ͼܣ֪ܣĻô࣬ҪСˡ
˵龭˵ʲôǾǲԱһҲְֺס
˸ѿЦͷԭ¹֡
֪¹ʦӺηССͱ˵ãԱߵ°ܽԬһ뵽ԼжסҲ̲סʵ
޿ɷġҡҡͷ
һҭԬɫҲеѿ
óǶûӡ֣˵̫һںδùٲȥˡ
ˣʱ̫ûס·ҡҡͷԼĳԼ˼
һֱ׵ĻʸֽҲһȺߴ廪Դս߾һֱϡ
̸òˣҲվ״æȥǵǡ
ʸȻʹޱȣȴû¶ֻ֣Ƕ俪ڣ
ȻǾùٲȥЩ˰ɣŮӺͯһҲŹС㲻ǻ㶼ʲ





25 ôѽ
ǡֱּ̬ޱȡ
տզ࣬⽿ݴСҲͦ
ڴԼʸʶֱͦ˼ȷԼ̬޲׵ĵطſ
ͷһ濴ű˴ˣպͻʸֶб޵
ΪлҪ˵˼ʶȤ뿪
Ҳŷλ书ǿĶòȻһ֮ƵĿ
˵ǰԵ޵ģһ˵ĸоǽѩ㣬ɾһʢŷĵġ
ţԼʵıصͷ
Լ󣬾ǲ֪ʲôˡ
ͻȻһûˣʸֲòԼڣϲ衣
ûʲôˡȻе㲻ǺͷҲͬʱڡ
ʸֶһ£֪ԷҲֻܵͷ˺ȥݷá
ˣõġնôһ仰תߡ
һӣеΪԼӱˣô
ˡʸɫҲмѿһͺֹ֮ס
ҿҲŵòᣬæָ̧˳ôˣ
˵ּæ溰˰ȥд򣡡
ȴ򼱴ҴҸָʸ˼룬ʸֵɫźһ㡣
ֱۣۺѪæطҩ
ȵʸֲֵסʹ˯ţŲҴҴӡ
ԼԳǽʳǧ֮Ǳպү
ĸǳŵڵ̫ǧ𣬸ǵֶ̫Ů
ٳǧӺʱ˹һһ
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ԭӴȥϻ̫˹٣û뵽س;ᰳǸ֮ܺ֡
᰸ǻʹ͸ķأΪˣȻ
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Щظŵİˡ
˹ݺ
ţֲ㡣
ʵǿĸĸڿûñ㲡ˡ
ҲΪ̫ۿûʮָᰳǸ˷ء
ڵǰãҲǿĸ
ƶԿƣȫܾԿ
û֤ݣԿ̬Ҳ
ǵÿСʱλǣʱݺݵĲ֣۾ɹ
ǸüجεĿֲ
γУڱ߹صүԭ˵Ҫɾӻͣȴ˵̫Ƶ»֮֡
ĺһүĵճþֻпһһһŮҲ翤
ԾкܶﰵﶼڵӣʱװЩŵʱүҲͬˡ
һпܲǡ
뵽һΣ̲ס̾˿
Ǹ㣬Ҳˡ
һߣ뿪֪֮󿴼ֱóԵһ·˲١
صشãͿεڸιҩ
ڻˣһֱĵļ˶˿
Ҳտڣ˵õҪҽݼסˣõҩȥԾͺá
ԣվ֪ڵԼˣǵͷʵҩ𣿡
ĵӣЦ˵ˣһŪһҩ䣬һЩҩ
áٴεͷȻ׼Ǿ£˶ߵòˡ
ø˲ʺƶʹ㱧ȥ
û뵽һֱӰ˱ˣ
Ÿı飬СЦн͵ģսҲǣǱһ·ܻأ
е㲻˼ߵľŮӶеǻҲ̲ס졣
ĵͷ˵ϰ֮˶ɽ֮ƣȻʶˡ
ҡҡͷˣôˡ
ſİ峵һͨĳ̲סģ𣿡
ʱΣ˵ԵģһЩġ
·滹вЬӶĥˣҲµûǮˡ
ȻģҲֻð÷ŵ峵ϡ
峵ʮּ򵥣ֻҪѴһƴӵľм͸ȻӸ־ˡ
¶ĵطľΧ῿ڼҲá
ƵʮСģ»õ˿ʹ
ǻȥ·ȫüëҪšһˡ
ǵļһڳҲǴӳųȥһС·Գȥ
ڣһһéݴ档
ݽ棬Ժһò»һǧ
ȻʮּªҲûƬڸǣСԺȴʮϸ£ϲʻʢ
ɾĵСԺﻹĲ˵أһӡ
ªöЦˡСİѰ峵ͣãЩ˵
Ȼ˺þãҲŬǮ
˵Ŀ٣ֻˣʽء
ȻǴȥɽҸطݣɽֲǻڶ࣬޸֮Լ
ҪɽܸΣա
ղΪЦЦôª￴ܲ
ȷʵǵúܺãҲǵ泱ʪ̧˽׵ĸ߶ȣԺŽȥûŵĴҸĸ䣬ұ߷һӦþǳˡ
ڿӦҲһ䣬Ϊǿӳܶࡣ
ŰñСĴ½˴ұ߿ķ䡣
һŴһӺһСӣСϻһȽͭ
ְ˷ŻشϣҲֱڴߣǰݹŵҩ䡣





26 ú
ӹҩ䣬ʮԾתȥζҲ˵գǿãֺòˣǺúóһ٣ףħߡ
ðյǲֱӴӦˡ
ûζҲ¶ɵ΢Цȥһæˡ
ƼƼЩΪĸĥʮ
ǿôڻصҲʼҡҡ׹
ռ״һѣ£𣿡
СҲʮֵĵĿ㣺ƼƼ岻ãͷΣʱע⻹εȥ㣬ܲ鷳ƼƼҲѽ
õ˿ûѪֻǿһ۾͸·ЦЦȻԡ
ָƼƼǻͳɼķζЩ
ƼƼ̲סü
Ҫã׶ġ
ô𣿡ԽԽӣƼƼ̲סһ¡
ҡҡͷûʲô£Щգ뵽㻹ôе㾪ȶѣǻȥȥشʡ
Ȼ˿ˣҲǶڵĲ֢ҩǲô˽ġ
Ͼ½ùҲûѧá
ֻǿգʲô֢ƼƼ˶ˣҶԵ㷹ͺˣô鷳أ
ǲ鷳ġҡҡͷͬ˵
ƼƼȴˣЩĴǮҩ
شõҩʹﶼʮְ󣬽ȥһλͨ˼Ľͷˡ
ʱζ˽Χһ鲹ĻɫΧȹĵĿʵûŪ˿ڰɣ
ûҡҡͷ
ζ˿ֳպ˵գСȳȵˮԵİɡ
á
ӦúúϢͳ˷䡣
ԺѾϵĲˮ
СƼƼطϢζкպºȲ裬ȻԱ㣬ڳæµ
ܿСʹӷɵԱߺʵսǺֻ书ֻҽǴСͿʼѧ𣿻᲻డ
²豭ЦЦʵģ书ҽȴУֻȭţ书ģӽӲ׼
Ҳ̲סЦˣ츳Ҫѧҽûģѧû׼
ڳв˵ҲʼįżСĻҲȥҲܺðҲһһˣǴİ񱾵أ
Զ͸·̡յ׻򵥷ܵ
ζС˼˵ѹǸĸǳߣôĹȥĶ۸ġ
̫ƽȻûսңǷ˿ڶ࣬ͶԹ̰Ҳ١
ôƯҪûԱΣյġ
ȴ˼ЦЦЩεĿգΪӱܼﰲŵ´Ӽӳġ
ҺմСһ𳤴ңż˴ӳģҲ֪岮͹ùǸжൣˡ
ǾȻΪӻҳߣ˶ʮֲ졣
ûôοվͲΪ˵Ҳ˵һǲֻ˵ʱ˶԰ɣ
˵ջƤգۡ
šֱЦȻ֪ǡ
Ȼ˵뵽ûǶҲеˣҲ֪ǻȥûУҪ汻Ҳϣҵʱ㡣
ô㣬Ųǿ϶᲻õġζôҲû뵽һѵֻΪ˵ǡ
ҾҲǡȻǰοĻȴ̲סЦˡ
ŮĵӣζС̲סĽ
Ǹղ˵ĵʱжûһ˿ĺ£ӦǶԼ˵˼
Ǳ۰ĺӣеĵ
УҲѷá
һĢСһݺ㣬һĭˣһͷβѼ
ѾüõóֵĻʳˣΪ˸лպ׼ĺòˡ
Ǿе㺮ᣬóõľ̳˵Ҳ֪ϲʲôζԼ׾ƣһЩҰʣζ
Ѿܲˣžͺ㡣ԷĲڣݸһЦ˵
óľ̳Ӻʵʻݾư
ͷشԵģݹ֮һֶص㣬ЩǽȥζҲܲ
˵ţóСȸλ˵ϣȻθζá
ƼƼҲˣΪ岻ãԲܺȾơ
СҲǣ̫Сû˸ȡ
þƣžƱպ֣ظллλʲôõǵĵطĳͼλöϹᣬѡ
ζҲվܺȾƵƼƼСҲˮƣǸм
˺ˣ£ô¡ʲôձŪˣæ¡
˻վź˾ƣ¡
ռ£űӺһھƣȻ˵һľһɲζ
ƵʵζʮǢศɣҲû֮ǰȵǺ
ǳһں꣬ϸϸƷζ̲סĴָú





27 Ͷ
ϲҲ˿ϲͺá
ҲûʾƺȵʱȻǺ󾢶е΢΢ࡣ
л֮󣬼ʽԣѼʮֲѼƤִѼۣ϶е΢ֱ֭ӰպԺˡ
˺ԵͣʵѼӺóԣĻԼİ
ôϲҲˣشʦ̵ģ¥ʦʮͽˡ
ֿѼʦĶطҲǰ׽̵ġ
ʦţԺԼҪԷյġ
ܲԼģ̲ס佱һ
ζȷʵϲָ˸Ѽȡ
ȴȼиСȶǸСӳԵġ
ʵϲ⣬Ϊ̫˲ζԵһζûС
ϲãָ㡣
һٷ극ҲˣСȥʰ꣬ζ춼̲סģ
Ѿôˣֺ˲پƣҹ·ȫЪ°ɡ
˵ʲôҹ·ȫЦе˵ˣʲôвõǰ
׺˲پơƼƼҲĵȰ
ջѣԻǾȥϾһҽ컹ûȥء
ֲǣֻܵǵĿ뿪ҪûôƺȾͺˡ
ζ˵ģְοˣλ书ǿµġ
šζҲֻܵͷ
һߣСе·ϣ縧
ԽԽۣ̲ס˵ѽ۲ۣ
ãƾˣеҡҡͷֵͷ
оеƮƮġ
ΪȻĵͷ뵽ôûûʲôϷ˵ζʲôĵطȥɣ
ѽһ˵أ˵뷨뵽һ̲סЦۡ
ǲڸ·ڸ··ϣôãҲúúһˡ
صջ˵׻ûܼȥһңֱõͷ˯
峿
ˬĴӴ̲ס˸
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ⲻ֪б棬࿡εһСĿڹĶߵˣѾͷˣҪȥϽȥ
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Ůĵӣĵʱˣ᣿
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ȥҡͷ
͵ˣȥشʱͷ
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ҪûҪôᣬǸôѵһ١
ҲΪǾиš
˭ԱŮǾһظžۡ
ĿǰƲ
һŵˣòܳˣúӿĿİɣ˵Щǲ̫Щ
跭˸ۣǿõĵˣҳ߶ûҵᡣ
Ҳ˵ڵϴˣҲУСǮסջ
һʼʶջ¥ˣȷӦûǮܴסջ˵ûóԵġ
СѾͷ󰡣
ǮǸҶһѵУ˾ȴΪ⡣
Ҳǡͷ
ⲻ֪ԼѾֻ·˸İپȥԷˡ
Ȼ˵ЦԱߵľʱһϵЦݶʱ̣
ʶתܣһֱ̼ӱ˰ס
ϵķӦץЦٺٺ٣Сֱܰܵȥ
Сĸͻͻ˼£תסĸ첲ٺ٣ѽôˣ
Ҳ˶Ҫˣ޴Ľԭء
ƳһۣŮӱߣԷ
˾Ҳû뵽ôɣǶûȥˣŮȴԼͶˡ
û׼ҪôҳߵСѾͷֻܻӲС
տû˼ЦеĴȥֱһֱɴˣֱѽ
һ仰ѻ˵Ҳײε̾˿ŮԴÿ𣿡
ҡҡͷһֱ·ˣûأ
ԹСģֱЦ㻹ίˣ
ûûУ˵˵ҡͷ
ûаᣬҲĺͼʺãղϺá
šȻе㲻ŮΪҳˣǼҲûǨŭǹ˼
СЩ棬ȻֵСˣżһŻ׶￴ŮܶԶ
ˡæҡͷԵøһ
¿Ҳ˵Ҳ࣬ᰳǸﰲҲˡ
ȻŮһֱϾңϣôǿ磬ǰǲȥһЩĵ̡





28 ǿɲ
ղ֪⣬ȻѾҲûҪˣ֪˴˴ﻹôˣ
ʼ磺£ô
˾Ҳ飬˵ҴȥԺӣҲҪȥˡ
һʲôԸ˽ⲻʺʱ
ǿдȥһ컹ǵܣʱ˾͸ˡ
һζѹƣǳǳΣģҲƿطΧʲôҲܼʱϵ
֪϶˼ҲûзԣֻŮļ
ͺú棬ʲôŮҲǰдǿ˾һ֪𣿡
ǵĻС۾ˣҲͷĲģǷģֱСأŲἱżˣ
ȻԭҲûڵǰҪи̬ȡ
ûǿջȥҲ㳹׷ġ
극ִȥУһֱסջҲ񻰣ﰲҲġ
еĻʮ飬ȥ˲լԺ
һԺڿջԶΪҶǲլԺǰЩӵղǺϲ
ڶԺںԱߣҲ٣ȥӵʱұԺӵһװһͶ¿ˮˣСģͻٿѣ
ӵģȥˣקŶʾˡ
һ˼նǺ⣺óѽҲôסһ𡣡
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ջˣҲ˵ûУǱһŽžǱҳҶ̵˵ŰɣҲ˽ͻҪ˵
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ܸоһǽܿˡ
ԺȴȻǵӣл˵ǿɲԼطǷ
һҲ˲ǰһǰôû뵽
𣿡
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뵽ҲСס˾ַԸҪڸɻء
ΪԱ״һڵĺҪѰ졣
ȷ֮еĻƴպٸ֮ǰ˾Ůһԣ
ֱд־ͺãԭģ˵븸ĸˣӡ
ȻɻΪʲô˵ңҲΪʲôΪʲôԼһ𣬵ҲԹԴӦ֪˶
ϵǱع˽УԾôңɽȥˡ
вٹٲϳգߵǽˡ
Ȼж֣Ϊ£ʲôҲ֪Իܼ
еǽһĹٲȥѲ˵ʦү
ùٸյʮֺ棬ʦүԹһˡ
ʵ˵һݲĽˣҪԸԷǱȽɵģԷ书ǿץסԷҲ¡
˭Ǿ˿ĶˣǱҲԽΪѣǰˡ
ֵʦүնΣʮꡣ
Դλ߰ԴĽŮӣҲЦǺǵ¹ôɣ
տⲻЦֱٸ£ǹٸˣôˣ
ʦүû뵽ԷֱӻǺһʱΡ
Цӹлİóһݺ׼д¹ˣиĸɻһס
ҡҡͷĸϰɽֵĴӲԭ˵˺ְǨˣÿÿ𣬸ĸѹûжʡ
ʦүͷԭˡ
ѺдøϹӡʦүְݹȥ¹ýҪʲôӪ𣿡
ӪЩĿ
ʦү״ЦЦǴʲô׬Ǯ
µĽˣȻ͢͹ٸγ΢ƺ⣬Ҳòʼ䡣
ҡҡͷһֻǾܶǮˣ˵ϻʨҲǼֵƣ
˺ԣԱߵĹٲлͬʱüëһﻹǣ
յ°ͣǿɲһȺҰǻǣһӶŪˡ





29 Ҳҡ
һٲ̲ס˵Ȼôʱʱȥٸ洦ʱǻ񣬹ٸᷢɱ
Ϊǹٸ̻һǮӶɲأʬҪȴһǮٸ̻ԡ
˼ĵͷܽˡ
ݽӴʦүŮָıЩ̫Ը
˵ˣ֪˹ҸŮһ¿¹ȤԹ
֪ˡûоܾ뵽ʲôʵʳǸŮΪʲôõͱ𣿡
Ϊ˵ʦүǼǵŮŮǺͱŮӹһ𣬾ΪɿģñŮӷӡ
лмӵãܺȺҶҪܣͻһʱǡ
˵˶٣֮԰Ͳס֣˵ǽĹõ𱣬ϴȥ汳
龭նĵĶµ⣺Ҫסûж֣ǲǾͱɻȥˣ
ܲ⣬ͬΪŮӣŮĿҲǺܴ󣬵ΪʲôҪﺦˡ
ŶһҲǡ
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ʦүҲεĵͷ˹Ļˡ
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ֵܼȥţջҲڷģŪˣ
ţصͷ뵽ԺдԺסˣ̲סĵ衣
迴ĵ﷢᣺ԺӲô飬Һ׼ȻȥˣСԼһЩ
ĽʱҲԼƴ㣬һתۣͳˣڵҪԼˡ
ʲôʱôôˣ
ҪȥϵЦһе᲻ˣô찡
ҡҡͷˣڼҲʲôˡ
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ڶźˣҲûȥˡ
Ůʱȥֲ˼Ҷˡ
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Ĵ㣬ĵͷġ
˾һЦլԺǺãǴλ׹š
Ļ˲۾ˣţ
ԭ뵽ʱǺԼȥһأҪһĻ̫ˣ
Ůĵӣ˾ԥһ£Ƕ˵СǱһҲȥ򼸸
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ȥ֮迴ܣּһݶû͵
ŵͻȻ飬Щ
ͷ˾Ŷ֣µĿڣֶЩǲǷҪڵϣֻᱻ֡
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ձƫϢе㷢¡
㶵Ŀòűһ仰Ҳ𣿡
ȿȣɵ㶵ǵĻ豻ԼˮǺòᣬ״æĵĸı
˾ԼɵҲˣĳĿŮΣֶŮӺŮӣӺӶӵġ
ȻЩ͸ʮܵˡ
ǺǡնʱεЦˡ
ΪΪ
ֹסҲ˶һۣûĿԼɵ椣סĻһݱ֣ǸȻδػẦ㣬һ˺֪𣿡
⣬յıҲ֪
˵еɻ󣺡Ȼ˺ǣΪʲôֱɱôѵ򲻹𣿡
˾һ̲ס˼ǲǰŮ̵еײˣôһ¾ŪԷأ
ûô뷨ֻҡҡͷЩ²ܽģ֮ϻȨѹơ
֪һȫǹٲҪ˭ֻһ仰£Ǹ˵Ȩ֪֪𣿡
ˣǸȨܴ߸ֺܶ࣬ɱ
ʵ˭
˲֪Ը³çһ
ΪŮԸ񵥴һȥԷԻȥô죿
˵ס᰸Χ߶߾ǡ
ðɣ֪ˡտôɵҲǵģǴӦ
ͬԼѾܺˣǸ˻˺ǣһȥǾǡ
˼䣬˾׼ȥˡ
ڵ̫Ѳϰ磬ҪΪȷŮİȫǶ뿪ϡ





30 ô
뿪ǰջȥµ˲ٲϺΡ
ʱˣæ·ûʱ䡣
Ĵʯأ뵽ڴ㣬հԼϵĶһ顣
ҲԼ˲٣мλæȥ
ҲûСĺ⣬˾׵ԼϣȻϸѶװá
Ŀͼλ뿪ֻÿġ
ߵ˸ûϢĺ۾޲תȥŮѺؼˡ
ˣʱǡŰ۾죬ο
еʣͬۿͷȥҲް
˾ųɫͬýġ
뿪ıӰҲ˿˿꣬ʵô죿
Ѿǵȴ᲻ջĿ⣬Ļ˵ȥýǰɡ
á
Ȼ˸ǷӵĵطͺôһأڷӸǺ֮ǰǴסջ
ӿջǣȥشҴƼƼĲ˵һ¡
ϴһ֪ô˼ҩ
úҩպ׼ȥˡ
ڽûãһ˿ǵʱһʮСֱӼ𣺡Ƕ
նԶԷûʲôӡ󣬵ǼԼҲ챻ȳĹ֮һͣãְ
СԱ߻һǣĸˡ
ò绨ĴһʱҲЩŵĶԼŮʵ𣿡
ţأǴȥѽСĸͷȻܵյǰͷ˵
ռ״վСǰ
űԼ˲ٵĿɰЦ˵Ҫȥ˵㣬ǵǸ
ĻСĸĸְѴȥлǼҪ㣬ǼҲˣһ⣬ϣǲҪ
˵ĸף˾ôһŮԴ߶̾ͼˡ
֮ٸȻ˵ңǺü춼ûһ㶯
ʵҲ֪һ˹ߣܾܿҲزˣû뵽ԼҺˣ
ĸҲ۵ͷֱļ򣺡ǰҪǾĲ֪ôˡ
ǰǰĴҲͷ
պѲֻܰѶӹмˣֲԼĵǣ
˳ֵ£Ҫ˷ץͷϣҲ֪ȥ˵ġ
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ձżлشһûãС·ȥǶΣڷ˿ջסţʵôģ»˭Թ۵ġ
ǰĻҲʵԺĵطɽİ壿
ͷǰɣǱߺˣһңҲǸ𣿡
󲮼ӶҪ˻ǽ͵Ǳٹȥǰ壬Ϊֻһ˼ң԰ǹ鵽ǸӷҲǸΨĳǴ塣
ҲӦ񲮲͵ǲѽ
ǡͷЦ˵ģֵʮϽˣһúðѷӸǵƯƯģ
Ҳû뵽ôɣԷĻҲͷȻŵùġ
ֺ˼䣬Ȼջ£һҲˡ
Էǹлеʱ䡣
ְûؿջŲż
ȥ֮ǰһֻȥղôѪúúò
յҵԺ棬ڲ԰ｽˮСһͿǣս
СЦü۵ӣպҲЦˣš
ζҲӳհѶݸЩ˼Ľӹˣʲô
Ҳûʲôü۴ЦҲһ£Ȼ˵ˣЩҩǸƼƼģʱӵˮһҪεġ
ζӹҩ⣬мѵĿǣ鷳ˡ
ƼƼҲˣҩһʱǿģеǮллǡ
ÿġûע⵽еֻ˵ÿ
Ȼ˵ȥý㡣
áζͷȰѶͻس
Ѿȥ¥ϹˣڼңҪڲܻ
õɫһЩǹҲʮֿģգ
Ӧһ߹ȥʵţ˿ڻ۲ۣûкһ㣿
żǹԼλˣøж˵ܶˣѾûôˡ
˵ֳŴһЩûеӣĻϰɡ
԰ЦݣտҲ᣺ô





31 ǲǲˣ
СǵˮΪǵĻϲ˲٣սһߣζҲˡ
ζ߶λڻȥûˤأ
պЦãˤӾеˣԽԽ۵ġ
ڷԷģ֪Ǻ˶پƣ˵ĻҲ˵
Ǿ˹ּǣǱȽ˳ڣǾƾ󣬺㣬´λǱҹ·ˡ
Ҳ䴽һЦ˵´ξͺˣǽھˡ
Сһ۾ˣǰһͽý˵һ߽أǸǸԺ𣿡
յͷأլԺ̫ˣǰھҲϲ뵽Ա߻ӣԾ˵ء
ԺӼüĽˡ
СҲʵ˵ĵغܿأ
е㡣Ҳ֪ʮĶж󣬵뵽˵ĶϱԺл԰ӦС˵ġ
СҲĽĿʱҾͿԾȥսˡ
ҲݸһЦӭʱȥ棬ʱ仹ţûôġ
ζͷҲģǷûô򵥵ġ
ѽζ㡢С֪ûʲôĵط𣿡һ뵽ʵ
ζ˻ûüڣСȼ˵ѽɶĵطˣǸ£ԲһﶼǷҶˣкɻأʱȥúɻš
ϼȣǱ߿Կܺÿ䣬һܴٲ׳ˣ
Ļ԰һҳϷĲݣ򳡡ȸ԰ǺȥĶҪǮأ
ôࡣĻʲôҲûպЩˡ
²ˣҲ˵֣ʱڣలҲȥ񣬵ʱк̷ܶԶˡ
ĻʶһӣڲµףҲûô졣
Ҳһ¾͵ˡζҲ˵һ䡣
֣컹һֱƼƼ춼ûô˵
ӣΪӲ̲ס˵ƼƼ𣿡
ͻȻԼƼƼ̧ͷ˿ЦЦеƵģ˯
Źڲ԰ûѪɫԽ飺пƼƼҲһֱš
Ҫ߶߶ɹɹ̫ҪŻõøһЩһֱҲƻġ
СҲ̲ס͵ѽҶ˵ˣƼƼƼƼ˵ۣ
ƼƼЦԽӲǿЦЦ֪ˣллСѣղЩҩ˶ǮȻһ㣬Ҳ֪ء
˵ԭҲûǮҲҡҡͷûϵȥԾͺˣҲûٵġ
ζͬ˵ôأҪǾǣǻ֪ôأĻǳǮҩ
˻ѣҲǻѽǮĻῴء
˵ƭ˵İɣպе㲻ţ֮ǰڵϣҲѰ˿β
ģһ˵˵ƭ˵ģζͷƼƼʵƼƼﻹж٣ĻһЩ
жӡƼƼЩǿĻشһȻζͽý˵òǮҪġ
ô֣Ҳֻðǵ˼ЩҩҲͶӡ
ʵҩһΪл˲֥Ƭ۸ˡ
Ǽ࣬պ̫󸺵
ȫûˣƼƼһҲֱ͸
Ǽţ¶ЦݣãԵһ¡
ղɫüҲû˵ʲô
ûһƼƼˣһܾ£װùĹҵĺɰ
ŲӣЩɻΪʲôһϹȥôôˣ
ƼƼ򿪺ɰóӺһͭ壺Ǯˣллǰҩ
ӹӣЦ˵ģС£御ָ¡
ҪллġƼƼҲһЦش
ζƼƼѾˣҩٰ㰾ɡ
ءƼƼ˳ӵĵͷ
ζģ⣬аײ⣬Ū˸Сˡ
Էǰζóһ̳ӣպЦеʵҪҪȵƣ
㣿յûоܾ
ƺƮƮȻȻĸоͦϲġ
֪ϲζҲʮֿġ
ûڷԷǱСųһԵġ
ϣСֹزסϻӣ˵ĵطúζҲʱʱͼ䡣
ƼƼһֱȽϳĬ
ûȵ࣬극պƵĻȥˡ
ȥ·ϣʵֱ˵ƼƼǲе㲻˰Ϊʲôѽ
˼ȽУͷƼƼ





32 ˭֪
𣿡Ļ룬ƼƼȷʵȽϳĬЦҲ
ҲǺ֪˼һ˵ǲ߶һˣҩǮ
ʵҲãԸӲ⣺ǸӣȻȷʵأҲΪڼﲻ߶ɵļѽ
ãԺģҰ˲һҩǶ֢õģΪʲôأ
ҲĶ˶磻˭֪أһиѳǺҲãǼ˲Ҳѻ𣿡
ҲǣȻֲһ䣺úζ㻹Сͦõġ
Сֻһʼ˵˲ǮȥҩʱҲֻöԷָûǮ¡
ͬ⣬εĻӦ˵ҩˡ
ǿİҩȥˣֲˣﲻˡ
СõĿ佱ʱðݣҺ˭ð
ζӣʱЦȻֱѽֱ˵ãܴĺأ
⻰ˣĿǰҲãûܴĺѡ
ȥ֮ǰƵǵլؿ
Ҫһŷ֣һĹԭïʢҰݴլѾڵðȥһƬ
Ա߻һܴļǰ֧żڴϻһЩ˺ͺмܴĶϡ
ʮͬʱɻ˿Ӹűⵣڳľ峵ȥԶ
ӴôôˣеĻǸʮͷСӣֽ
ȫȨи๤˵ˣҲ鲻ѵӭȥ
տټլ˵극ǳԷ춼׼ˣôûչ
͵Թˣûôչϰ˵ҪԺӸǺãԼǮģǵõϺʱչ
ޡĻյ˵ͷ
ˣĴ󲮺͸׶ڣҲʮŻʯͷȻ
ǹҲЦŴк
λǾŮһҲʵ
ĵͷһϵĺˮ˵ǵģλŮǲȳʮ޹Ůͺǡ
һȺ˶̤ʵ񹤵ũҴ󺺣ԸҲȽʵĻҲ׷׿ޣһʤ߼λŮһд컯ģ
мѺͬ壬Զ֪Դ߶̫̫Ͳ㲡ûˡ
ͬҲ岮ʹ佱š
ǣҪһ氾ȥˡ
˳ֵ£ôպһȺ˶佱ǫİڰ֡
Ҫ֮ǰĶҲˣȥˣǼմǣ̬Ҳ˲٣
ˣɻɣŮĵ˵ˣҪѷӽá
ϣͷİɣԷһһȺַ׷˻ͷʼŬɻ
߽ܽɲ׵£г˻ӹ˽լ޽Ļǹլݡ̽졣
ܽеĹ˳ƷԼ彡޴Ⱦܱս
ȻܽеĺôҲ٣ݾͺͨ˲ͬˣ͵Ķ͹ǩʮԼ
ȱȱŵĻᱻߣȻûйʱÿ춼ĵĹǮÿ컹ٷ
йʱһʮģҪϹһʮģȻҲٷʳдԡ
ţһȺ˸Ŭĸɻ
պǽļң״ֱ˵լض𣿡
ţŲС󲻺˼ЦЦ
ĸ͵ϰ˶ʮĶأԱǸݹӱߣɽͷǶеġ
լԺСռԼĶأ滹Ҫ޽һĶҡ
ط˵լԺʵǰɽׯʽǵģڶֻǰԺضѡ
ͦġղĶж٣ž͸о򵥡
ɲһĴ󡣡Ҳ˵һ䡣
֮պֻ˳
صջѾˣſŵǣ˹ȥʵ͹ϿɻҪ
õĻҪժúϢˡ
ˣࡣҡҡͷӻһӵݹȥ
û뵽֮ϲָ˵Ľӹ
˸߽ջдǵСӭָŹ̨Ʒ˵
¹ղһλиĹǣЩˣڸȥ𣿡
տһѼʮ̵ĺüֶС˵ã鷳ˡ
鷳ġС𾴵ĵͷȻæᶫ
ʮССĺӶһպСһȥֱӶշӡ
ˣ鷳ǴˮɡָСһǮ˵
û뵽ѾùǮٵһΣСֱӸ˻ˣ಻鷳͹Եȣ





33 С͵
ŶӵУ뵽仹аЩһ˹
ȻЩͷ۵ĿգЩҪô
ȿʲôɡҡҡͷֲʲôˣͶˣҲ˻ȥ˵
áӦһͿʼװС
յһһʮƯΣһ˵˫ۣƯ
ϲ͹ˡʼ磬Ѻӵݹȥ
һɡ֪ЩǾûǷȽϱա
СմӦһӡ
ҲŴ˵һӣһذףҲƯֱ㿴
̧ۿһ£һѽɫǶ˺ʯͷذס
˳ֽӹ˵Ƕôණȥõʱ֡
˵ذװγһۣȰƳ˶ٵĶк˸̶Ȼԣ̫ˡ
ٲʶҲܿЩֵƣЩӦֵͦǮɣǸӦǸŮ
ӦǵģȻͨ˼ƢôġҲá
һ뵽Ǹߵӣ̲סǮ˲𰡣Ǯܸ߰
ţСˮ
ЩֵǵС˸Ĺâ
ȥϴ裬Լж
ȽϿ죬ܿͲˣ鱦ǰذףʣµҲǲΣһЩҩĺһܴ˲Ρ
һҵһЩĺͳʳеһɫθš
Щ̵İװȫ£һЩɶϡ
Ū꣬Ҳȥԡˡ
ԡͰŵߵʱ򣬺ȻŵһЩǺ˵ζ
΢ѣθϮնʱüͷһٴԡͰ
׺·ȻԡͰ档
OO@@һȽϤ֮𣺡𣿡
϶ˣҩһǮġһȽİҲ˵
ϤЩԥûһǱô죿
ʲôֲֻˣ㱨ҲҲϣʱȰѶ˭ǵ£һΪ˵
ãǾһΣŮĶǼ򵥵ˣһҪСˣϤ˵
˵ۣ
ڵϣ͸һֻɰСԹǱ͵߳Եˡ
޵ľС͵ˡ
һ̣űСƿŽǿջĵС
һԴס֮һֱдǵǸ
ǽСĴѰԼֱһ߷磺ǣң
ôᣡȻûлԣСʱȻһ
ôûлǰɣЦһ첽ǰֱ߷дǵС͵͵ϣҿǲˣ
Сһ߷ɳ˷ţ䵽ֱӲɫ඼ûһСҲ˳
ߵĶܿ˺Сע⣬ûһϾΧˡ
һѾߵŮҲֺ֣߳ʵôˣ
ûлشֻǿյķŵǵһ߿
ϴͷʪ󣬴µڵϻԡ
շһ£Ȼ濴ֵ˵СҩҪ͵鷳λ˰ұһ£СŮӶл
ȻԼŪĿ֮£Ҳ鷳ֻ˱١
ǰѯʵŮһҲŭˣʲôҲ̫ɶˣС࣬ȥ
ȺҲը˹ջСС͵˶޷ܣ׷űϳ͡
Ҫ٣ò״СҲˣ͹٣͹ٶԲǴˣǧ𱨹ٰҲˣ
ղŲǣȥԼ䡣
ƹҲҴǱһȺסͶ˷⣺Ŀջסǣû뵽ջȻǸɹѣסˣǮǮ
ƹĶʱ亹ֱðæѣϢŭҶϢŭһᣬ˿ջôǡ
Ҳ˳ɫƵĿƹ񣺡᣿˵ҩᣬҽñ᣿
׼ᵽԾסڱǣûбλ׶ֲ˷᣿
ƹıʵβѣֻӲͷƤͣ͹٣֮ǰûСҲǼﲻס
ֱӴĻҲ˵֮ǰûзĲɵǽöסջڣ˸ĴͳһǮǮ
һһӣΣ⻹ҪĻ͵Ҷ
յĻΧ˸ˣ
һӣͨ˼һҲòһôǮ͵Ҳ̫֪˰ɣҪϳͰ
ߣȻҲ˷ʼɣ
ǣôǮҲɡ
ǾǣƯôƯúڼҴųסʲôջʧСʧǴ󰡣
ղŶ˵⻰ˣ˾̲סˣĹƨ˼ǮǷˣʲôǮҲ
һҲ˵ҿϴҲʮɣǲ챻ǸɾҲ
Уٲܿ͵ˡ





34 ǣ
ȻˣٲҲԴ
ƹҲɷ񲻺ǣҲЪ˸С鿪ѵ˼
ֱӶԼֽŲɾͿջ޹ء
ȻСûгɹ͵ȷȷʵʵιȥˣװ̵ͻϡ
һٲֻһ£˾
֤֤ڣԹٲֱӰСץߣ˵һ
հѸղŵлһŶʮƱ˰æٵѾߣȻ˷䣬˾뿪ҿջ
ʦүǵ֪ǾȻΪԼȥˣæȥԼӣС㣡С㲻ˣ
ոտ飬ȵ׵Ļʸֿզզɫһôˣ
ܵе㼱еģū澸¹лȥ
ȻղŶʦү˵¹ˣǵЩˡ
˵꣬оԼеҪˡ
ʸֶʱüΣ
ģҲ˵Ѿ͹ˣﱻˣҺ¹˸ۣжʱסڱǲû̡
û£ʸַˣ˵ʦүٰһõסɣǳĻδ顣
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Ƚ޵İʾڷشźúƽϢٻȥ
˵˲ٲҩο̫࣬˵߹ЩսңƽϢ
һµ
һ뵽ЩͿԼĴ֮Ůү֪ôԼ
˵˵ԼʧʱǸһ˵ǲлֻ˵ǱӦ
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һߣջˮ˼ûʲôС
һڣ˹
ĵգֻͷʹѣôֱ
շý͵С͵̣Һҷֵļʱ
ôҲ̫ˣһҲòᡣ
յûôˣϾˣ˵Ҳסˣأ
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úúãǣ
ŵ˲վͱɻ󣺡ǣ
˵¹ˣʦүͷЦеʵӶеֻˡ
Ҳûмƽ϶Է̬ȣֻǲĿŶԷ
ϵǲæŰ참ʲô
ϵɻ󲻽̫ԣʦүҲЩΣڨЦһ˵
ģλ޹ŮˮĴӢۣǵȻӲ
ǵķӻûôܸǺã˰һСԺŶôҲȿջ㣬Ȱȥסһʱ䣬ݽٰΣ
룬ȷʵסջ㣬ǾʹӦˣõллǲܰס㿴ҪǮ
ʦүҲǲҪǮУ˵ǱһӰɡ
ô٣һվе̫˰ɣ
񲻰ǮǮʦүıҲùŹ٣¹֪һӣѾͨ˼ҰˣʡһЩһ궼ˡ
𣿡˼ĵͷ
ʦүΣġ
Ǻðɡ
ҪᣬպҲԥˣҪʱˣҲĥĥˡ
ʦүôĹٲæᶫȻһ¥
ĵƹ˷ʱҲڹٲǲƵֱӰѵյԭ
üôô㡣
ǡĻƹְǮûȥһ⼸Ŀ֧Ȼӡ
ȥǣſڵš
ʦүŵԺ֮ǰȥ֪Զ˵һլ
ȷʵŶһԺкü䡣
¿ķ䣬ֶԶʦү˵˾лл
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ߺſſǽϵĻ͸Ļƿ˵ôѽȷʵȿջһ㡣
յͷ˵ǵķӸǺã϶⻹á
ЩҲˣٺãһǵԺӺá
ٹҲʲôˡ
ţΪȻ





35 ְܸ
ΪԺвٷ䣬պ͸ڵķס˽ȥ
ЩţϤһԺӡ
ͶеĳͶò𶼲񷿣̲סмʦүǵܵ
˴ȥһҵĲ״ʱԺִ
˭ѽһȥš
ű򿪣վʳеĸ󻹸ģѾߴŮӡ
ü۴ЦһǳǳľѣԷ˵ĿڣңϺá
ͷνֲЦˣμԷ̬ȶ
Ҳûһ˾ҲЦÿϺãʲô𣿡
ʳ߽ȥһ߻ش˵ʦүҲŹˣţǸĸ㣬ǳ
˵գֳ˸񣺡¹á
ϺáҲͷʵСɺЩˣ
ᵽԼӣЦЩɬҩҲˣÿ춼ڳԣɫȴԽԽˣ˵Ľᡣ
ʵҲǣԼҿǧ裬εĴ˺ʵ̫ˡ
ĻպҲ֪Ҫôοֻ˵Űɣܻġ
Ҳǣô߰һС㣬˴ƤˣܺܲŹˡ
ҲҵģǺܿЦŵͷţ¹СҴǵѾߡ
˵ſɻֽ͵Ƕǰ֪ѾߣλҪĻؾҪΪˡ
ҺһղһܻģźλҲ̫ࡣ
ҺѾҲ¶֮̿ɫͬʱС
һ󲻽ĿŸʲôоˣ
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ôﱻȥõĵطҲ̫ϧˡ
ллС㡣ԸǣҺ̶ʱظмѵĿǡ
µ˶˵Һ̣¹ǵӣǵˣǵĹؾҾ𣿡
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պŪòԣǰ߸˵ֲǲԤе뷨ĸսС˵
˸ū澴Ƕū澵ϿɺͽܸǶͣҲնϹȥػӽֻЧǡ
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л˴ҺһϲĿͷǰˡ
ʣµ۰Ͱ͵ĿգҲһֱʹ
ձ˺ð죬뵽һͽаܸɣ԰׿ͷ
ҩʲôģѪ׵ģȷ뵽
ллӴҲʮֿĵĿͷ
ܸ΢΢ʣֹѪĺҩܲأɻ˼ӣЦ˵
ֱѽ϶ˡ
ţȷʵ˵ո͵ЦЦ
һֱǼüŪۣʲôѵ£û̫أҺϲ˽Ƿ䶯ǶҲС͵Сסͺˡ
ţҺնǱȽˣҲ̫нˡҲͷ۵ײŻֵ̿˵
ǲοѾǣǸжվ˶ˣŰֺͰܸ˵
¹Ըã˺õǺ£ǱӺƾ͸ҲӵĻ£
ΪūΪ澣ȫǻȫ˵㣬ҳϡع桢ΪūһҪμǵĹأɻķϣԽ֪𣿡
ǡܸͰӦ
պô
ЩôֺͰܸҲӺū澵б
Ǽ¶еˡ
պҲǺƢģҲõѾ߻ͷ뵽⣬ַˡ
뵽ӻڵԼǳ񣺡¹ū澾ȻȥˣʲôðֺͰܸҡ
ãȥɡպ˵ͷ
Ϊ£Ҳ԰ֺͰܸ˵ԼҵطסɣҲǵļңҪʱܰߡ
ǣˡѾͬʱ





36²ȥоﶼ
ֺͰܸպһˡ
Ϊ˵ϲȥǷ䣬԰Ҳҷɻ䡣
ǳź󣬸˶٣Ȼȥ֮ǰ׼õϸ
һߣȥ֮ҲͻʸְѾߵ˵һ顣
ʸҲֻǵ˵ͷû˵ʲô
պӲųֱ֮żҡ
˺һ飬Ǿǰżҳ˷棬ԵʱһӶˡ
ſտҲķбʰĺۼЩɻ󣺡֣ȫˣǻȥأ
òᱻݽ˰ɣҲü˵
ŲԶļӣ˼ĵͷʡ
˳˶˶飬ֻ֪Ϣ
ǻպˮŵֺͰֱַܸˮϴ
Ȼ˵˵ģʵҲǷֱźλӵġ
ллôڿ죬շ˼
ˮİܸȴ̿ɷūˣⶼūӦġ
ŵÿˣն˶˵ûôأҲ̫ˣǶͨˣܼԼͺá
ֻܸҡҡͷ֪ΪūǱؤͼŮҪͼĴڣؤɣŮǮ
˵ַӦæ˵ūֱǺ̫࣬õӾܹúЩūСūŵˡ
˵ĻˣΪʲôأߵԶģҪ˭ҵû𣿡
ܸʱЦô׵£˵ūһӶū澣ӳǼźʲôᣬܳȥָأ
ūܸһץ򱻱޴ֱҹ˰۶ԷţǺ˺
˵ĻƤӺݺһôأ
ܸͷѹƲס԰ǵӣһΪū¼ҹúǸմ⣬Ƿ£Ҳꡣ
ūֻҵǲˣǴɱˣҲǺϷ
֮ǰ֪˷ӹҸŮѹգΪǮԩٴһнɱͷ֮
֪г˱ն׵ЩʣµĲǵŮӣͬڵһʮĸһҪ󳡣Ů򱻷Ϊˡ
λȱչˣǱʱŹȥź򣬲һ
ǳһãҷ²صĻֻŮһţҲǱ·ȥ
֪
ջЩƣֻ̲ס˼
ܸĻֻźϴ֮͹Թ뿪ˡ
̲֮סúõĹңôͳūأ
һ䣬ҲͰ̸࣬˽һЩ顣
ֺͰܸһϼźˣֽʮߣܸʮߡ
ڶϣ𴲣˻ķõĳ
ֺͰܸλԺ̲סз⣺ѽ
ʱ̲סǷȻͱ
ôиΣհһͿˣ㲻úһ㣬һΣֲô죿
ͷһ˵Ҳֻ޹գգֱۣ֪
˵˵ڻӽʱʹ뵽һնֱ۴ȵﶼ¡
뵽ʲôԽԽڵæ˵ֱҾҿܲʺ̫ѪˣӰɣ
Ů˵ʱ˳ˣѪʲô˵
տһǵͷҲУ
Ժûйӣֽȥȹ̡
۵ǺֺͣͰܸҲ׼÷ʢ緹
ֱɻƬСм࣬һţѸ
űȿջ£ͣպʮϲѽôÿ᲻óˡ
ϲЦ˵ϲθڣǾòãū´עЩ
ôޣеóԶˡЦЦÿӼһɻһ⡣
ⱻڳɺɻըֽĽ֭һҧȥִ࣬滹ۡ
ڸвηḻĽ֭Ҳʮϲ治أ
ϲͺá״ܸͰֶ˿ӶԼĻϲ
극ֺͰܸʰȥˢ롣
ԥһ»Ƕ˵ֱ˵ҪҪȥǸС㰡
ȻһʼʶʱСرᣬƯ·Σˡ
ȥлܸоⲻȥ
һҲֱӵͷҲģȥܸоڡ
ȻμŪúܲ죬ΣܸоԷʾõ̬ȡ
ǴС㱻˳ʱʱǹҰЩԭĲҲĥ߰˰ˡ
ֲɵӣǶʦүΪʲôϹǰסҪ˵ǴС˼ɲš
뵽һˡͬоĻ̲סЦˡ
ǴСһ𳤴Ĭأ





37 
ҪȥˣҲÿֹȥ
һֱų󣬼ʲô¶ܵղͬСͺĸһٳּˣǾͺգŰֺͰܸȥˡ
뵽ǴСǮƣӦòȱʲôʳסϵĶռܱ˳ССļҩڴյԼҪҩġ
ȥ·˵λСϵ˲٣ҪָҲ򵥡
㱻ҧʱ¹ùı֮ܲûأҴ͸
᲻̫鷳˰Ĵ㣬վú鷳תһﵹǱá
ϱҧõģͿС̺֮۶û¡
еӡӵģƽʱûʲôһˮǺȾ֮ǿطͺˣĻ䡣
صסͿʼҩ֪࣬ûô죬ֻط
һεڣ붨緹ջȻ󻺻۾
춼ˣյĶҲʱ
߳䣬ͿͰڸԺĻݽˮ
մӷˮưûУ
ˡճʵĵͷ
ܸڳŻ˵ˣҲæ߹ȥһ˳
Ϥһ붨ͲôѣûеԷȴûԡ
ͬϸֺÿĳ극պõı࣬һĲѪڰֶ˵Ĵȥ˻ʸڵԺӡ
·ϣֶ˵ֱ縣һˣѰֺͰܸˣҷϻˡ
뵽ϣԼ˰ֵӣֱ˰ܸӣٻе̾ġ
ôһֽס˵һ
֪ˡѾпˣѾûʲôоˣֻǵ˵ͷ
һдԷĵطܸȥš
ŵĲǸһСѾߡ
ֿİѾߣֿϥ񣺡鷳ͨһ£¹ˡ
Եһ¡ŵѾ߻һȻתȥ
Ÿղ˵Ķ˼ջĿ⡣
⶯ܶ˾ҪǼ˾
ţֿĵıQȻ˸ƣ¹ã롣
˵ͷһ߽ȥԺﲻѾźŻݻɨأ˶
ƻͨĿźڻʸߵѾҲͣ¶񣬰ֺͰܸһ
ڹ۲ܣЩ˵Ķֶһ£ȻλĴС㡣
Сȷʵ͸˵ȥҲûö١
ڿʸҲ̧˸ƣɡ
šպӦһ˳ֱߵϡ
Ųˣ̲סʵӻûЩ𣿡
˼Σͷһƽ͵˵ղԼջʸ¶Ц⣺Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ллġ
֪Ϊʲô֮ǰһӡûеգǰĲ˲԰׵ЦʱȻое㵣Ǹлл͵ЩͰְܸ
ʸֲ䴽֮ûЩ֮ǹҡ
ȴ˵Щ˿϶ɱģôÿ
˵Щ治ǶץߣźҲˡ
ȴСֹֽűûа취ؽȥ֮ǰ;ԲˣҲװ׵ġ
Сպû̫ԶĻ
ʸϵıûʲô仯Ϊ˵Ҳġ
Ͽɵӣ˲ʵ߲ôЩ˹˵ֶȻܱ棬ôˣôҲˣ
¶һĨЦ¹֪ҺҼС㲢ƭӹյġ
ǱҩΣЩʬ壬ǰնҵˣѾҰ޳Ե߰ˡ
ЩǱһģӵİ֪٣ҪôҲѾ⡣
Ҫô
ΣǺġ
ǾȻɱôˣԷߵ߰˸ɱˣպ𾪲ѡ
Ȼ书ǿʵٶʲôº֣˷֮Դ󵶼ѪҲΪԷʵ硣
֮ǰΪǲк޹ŮӶԷû뵽ǾȻֵز
𾪵ӣ̾˿¹ﰡ̫СЩˣҺС㱻졣
Ǿۿﱻǡ̺ˣҪļʱҼСҲ
⼸ջҲÿجΣȻҲйūű͹Ϊ˾ǻۿš
ộҲۿĹǰÿֲ





38 ж
Ļպ˼֡
ʱеˣԼֻ̫ˡ
˵ЩˣѾȥˡ˶˲õĻ䣬վ˵
ȻԼı˳ı࣬ȥ̵ģλСҪǲĻԡ
ҲŸͣǰͦõģǰҧˣû̵ġ
յĻʸֵǲǿ󣬶ʱǰһлǣһϵġ
ȻҲȱЩõĶõҩģ˵ϼȽ˿ڶ̡
ǵĶ͵Ŀˡ
⼸ҲΪϵ˶ģ˫ֽӹҲϥл̫ˣллλ
뵽Է֪ԼʸվʩʩȻ˵
ҽлʸ֣ǻ־ͺã֮ǰеλĪҪ黳
ʱʵҲһ¶ڸ·ʵĸ꣬ϵһο޹صĳԷ̲סԹһ
û뵽
ô֣صΪ֮ǰµǸʶվҲǣҲᡣ
εڿֻ˵ȥˣ˰ɡ
ʸֻ˸ĶʱǰȻɺڣҲЩϢ
ֲԾ߬ƹܣȴûסһֱԵ
С㣡
ʸôˣ
պ͸һͬʱǰסҲæ˹ʸС㡣
ʸûε˷סֿ֮ˡ
ֻǻ٣оЩϢ
ɫ׵òӣüʸС㣬ָҡ
֪ҽ˫־ӵ̧
ռ״˸С£Ȼûʸְַŵϡ
ŻʸֵϸϣɬᵶȻǶصѪ͡
ϸãſڣʸСʱǲǾо̡ʱֽһʱѪӿ޷֢״
ʸʵͷ˵ֻǸ·ƣ
֮ǰ·ȷʵеЩ֢״۾ڿѪ֮¡
һ̲סһӹҽжˣʲôƣ
ʲôĻʸֺ͸ͬʱɫһ䡣
𣿡Ҳû뵽СôңȥȻжˡ
ҡҡͷʱڲΣǾʲôҲҽտĴɱӹҽˡ
ūȥ룡Ļĸ˳ȥ
ʸֵĳֳȻжһ¶С
պͬĿһʱ䶼û˵
˺һҴҵĴһȺ˻Ϊ׵Ǵźɫ۵ˡ
һ˾ͳʸպʵ˵ʸСжˣ𣿡
ո˵ǲԼ˿ˣͷġ
˻ų⼸ҽݵϴɫصθʸְ
ٲܿѺһʮˡ
һ̶ʱŵ˫һڵϡ
ռǻشõĴ֮һޡ
ܿ죬ЩθʸְĴҲµó˽ۡ
֮ǰ˵Ĳ࣬Ǿḻ϶ʸеͷ
ͷһζβҩҲо綾˶Բ඼кܴ˺ʹͣϢ
ʸַõǺܶ࣬ȴһʱˣѾȫľٺʧ֢״ˣҪٳٵ㷢֣ǻ췦
ǵĻ֮ʱŭɶ޴һţ˶ʸСôõ˻հȻûСж
شõĴߵæȺԩԩˣ񡢲ֻǻˣͨڲ֢
һ֮ǰԹĴȴüٲͨڲ֢ΪҲ֪󲻶ԡ
ʮͬĵͷֻѧ꣬½ùúչùҲ˵
Ϊһ򣬲רˣǾҽľҪѧ
ĻȻ⣬ֲֻѧ˸Ƥëͻ˿ڲҩѵģҲģôῴʸֵ⣿
ֱ治֢״ȷҲý
ʸִʱֻľƣ˶ľګ
ռήȥһʱҲ˵ЩʲôοҷֵüʱԼҩָġ
ʸֵͷţллǣ־һΡ
ֲôɣһСﶼܿʸжҽʮصϴῴ
İ참жè壬˵޴ͿһЩֱ˽ȥʡ





39 ˰
޴Ѻȥ󣬼Ҳܿҩȥץҩҩ
Ϊ˲ٳʲôӣֱӰдһչ˻ʸ֡
źЩεʸǱٵ뿤𷣡
ݵĴپȻͻʸպЩȣʲô
ʸҡҡͷæŰ참ܹ㣿
ȷʵֲһԼھʳǧ֮ԶᰳֻиһѾߣ»Ҫעִ硣
ûãѰõҩѾŪе㺦ˣҩһʱ俴ǡ
ȻպûҲ
һץҩҩȫ̶ʦүţԻʸҲġ
˼ҩּҴҵȥ鰸ˡ
ᰳΪЩ̰ɵԩٴ֪ѹ˺޹İæýͷöҪʵЩ
͸һѻʸͻطϢ֮պҲ׼ǣǻʸúϢˡ
ʸֲûΪֱԼֶˣֻЩεĵͷǼЦˣʱٺúдǡ
ҡҡͷ˵ʲôɼЦģҪ
Ҳ˵ѽʸҿ·ûúЪϢҪúŻջָ
ϵĻûʸĸжΪ֮ǰоЩԶԣţ֪ˡ
ˡʱ䲻ˣҲϢˡ
ʸֵͷߣλ
ǡ΢΢ϥ
ȴûбҪãʲô
ǰͳɳ˷ţȻĿǴŰְܸ뿪
뿪˻ʸֵԺӣղ̲ס˵ʸο˴ˣ˵ôػ¶ˡ
˵ʱһμСʱʱ
ŹȥãͱⲡӣСҪûҪûġ
ΪȻĵͷѽ˵ݣǸ˶أ
ΪֺͰܸûиȥ䣬Բ֪Էݣ˵˵λǻʶģݴͷأ
ʶʲôطղЩʶʡ
ּǽ͵ʶǻʳǣĵطȥ˲ǮȨ
˵סڻʶÿһ˶ǴԹ󣬶ͨǲġ
ŰֵĻԺи𼸸Ļʵʶڱ𣿡
֪ΪʲôʣֺͰܸͷ˵ǿߣļʱ򻹻ѩأ
᰸Ϸļ紺Ҳ̫䣬ǻûѩӡ
ûмѩǼǻŪ˸ѣȵʱﻹѱƷ
仹ѩʶ뵽һӣⲻøԴư
ǾͻصԼס
֪׻ûᰳΪǣİ̫̫ҪѺȥʶС
ѺͣǰѶʦүһӴŻӵˡ
֪֮ǰɶʦүᰳǵӣǻױ±ʸֵġ
Ѻͷ뿪죬պȥ֡
ֵＷѹİգѹͷڵ£һ亦˿ŲӣŭòҶˮ
һѺĹٲҶҵȺ׼㰡ӵ޹ˣ
պԼԱߵĴﶪ׼ȥòҶӣǶ׼ǰ㣡
õСָƯȻӦѲǰ͡
ץһò˹ʱĸо񺮵ˣȻֱﶪһӰòҶӷɽϡ
״̲ס˷ܵĿ佱׼ѽ
뵽ǲҪץգҲץòҶң֮˷ܵ˵Ҳˣ
ո˸Ĵָ
ֱԶֵϵİղɢȥ
֮죬պʱʱȥãٿʸ֣ȥլؿǵķӡ
úͻʸãҲڷˡ
죬ڽй䣬ʲôտһŴܾµСŮ
СŮһ̯λϰӹһƯĻȻֱ
СŮֱǣţ߻һͭݸϰ塣
СŮ¶ҸЦݣ˻ǵͷѽ
СŮĵͷҸĹʣ峺档
Żֵݵǰ˵ܺóԣҲԡ
޶һۣ¶Ҹ΢ЦֿСŮЦ˵ﲻԣСԾͺˡ
뵽ʲôλĸֶ˵ҪҰ˿߻ȥȥ￴ɡ
ţȥֻռϲˡ˵ͷ
ŷ޶ǣС뿪̲סǺˡ
֪ôˣ





40 ǻ
뵽ӸǺõǾһֺ˺̧̯ܶ࣬ȥ
һͿ̯ϰƯĻ
̯ǸŮˣĴЦʵǻǻСĴʮģֳɵĻҪĶԡ
պʵǻĻ𣿿Ÿһأ
̯ЦŻش𣺡ǰʮأҲѧ̯Ӱʮ겻Ҫ״Ƕ״Ҷóأ
룺ҪղǸСŮǸȻһɣҪġ
ϣҪ˶ʮģ̯һӸ
վԱ߿ţС״ԱߵСҨһ׾Ө͸ɫ΢΢ƵճҺ²ˡ
һξ룬ŵζ
ֻŮİҺڲ÷ϣ΢΢ζţµ֭γһΩΩФĻ䡣
ѻãŮһϴֵǩ̵һֽŵһԣȻֿʼ״
һʼûʲôĶͿһƥ۵Ŀ״
տԣ̯滹иӣɴ£仨ɡ
Ļ̯̲סЦˣ̫ãȻữģܳԵ𣿡
յͷмء
Ǿͺá˶̯࣬Ҳˣ֮ǰ¼˺ɻ
ڶ˾ţ
ǰģǸܶϲǻĻץˣ˵ͨղЩ
ǵ˶ˡ
һһʱֹȥ˺þá
ӹƯǻֱ֮һ߿бߡ
صټĸۡǻȥȴʶ뵽ʸɫ԰ףҩ֭ģ
ʱֵ磬뵽ԷָúҩʹĵתŲ
ӦʱѾ˻ʸֵԺӡ
֮ǰԺֶһȺɫͳһεʸ˵ģһжʮ
ſڻѾŵģ߹æŰ˽¹ˡ
šƵĵͷ֮ǰڶιʸ־͵Լ˵Ժֱͨȥ
ʱѾ߶ڳԷʸֶڷԱߣŰҩ
ŻʸһҪɰˣձһǻ߽ȥûҩأ
գʸֶʱǰһٵ򴽣ԽԽˡ
һʼΪ壬û취ֻűӺҩתζƺҲˡ
һֱҩĶĸжѻĿҩˡ
ʮͬĿҩڣȰɣ
˵ﱧŵһǻʸǰ˵ݣΪˣͲ˻ϲҩġ
ʸ־ע⵽Ķˣһ뵽ǵһ뵽Լġ
뷨һʸľͲܿƵȸԾࣺܶҪǸġ
յͷеЦˣҲо鶼ˣѽôأѡ
ʸȻҩ룬ɢȳζĺںɫҩ֭סֱһȥ
ʵһڵʱѹƲסŻ³Ŭȥȫ֮󣬻̲סŻ
ռ״ֱӰǻϸ˱ˮȵˮڡ
ʸֶĵ˵˫۱ˮֻܵͷֺˮ
۽ǺӣպȻǰοԼȥԴ
뵽ҲôϤס˴֡
ˮ£ʸֲŸо΢һЩǻѱֽȻ
ŷÿֺóԵģԶ˸о塣
ʸֺҧһ飬ȳװǶĵĸоѹȥ˵Ȿǣ̫ĳԶ˵Ȼġ
ʼ磺ðɣСʱǸоôҲԲ壬ڲˡ
Сʱ򶼺ϲʳҸĸһֱҲó̫࣬ԻСʱҲرʸҲ̲סЦˡ
ţʦүִٲˣС㣬ĺˮѾȥЩǷҪûˣ
ԴֹЩһһ;ͱһնͣȻҲڿʳ֮ǰɺ̫ࡣ
һ˴ȥ˺ӿҰ
ǰ֪Ǹ̰ҪӣᰳפҲЩ񲻹ˡ
Ҫ˵Ҳûеģһһͷѣġ
ЩԻȥʸֵ˵ͷûȥɣٶЩ
¹֪ˡʦүĵͷִ˸ǡ
ʸıӰ˼
ߺղջĿֿʸ֣ΪʲôʦүҪȥҪ㰡
ɻ󲻽Ŀ⣬ʸЦЦΪҵķѽ
ǲ⣬ʸҲûͣҫһתƻ⣺öʦүô





41 װ
ʦүȻΪʲôôʣջ˵԰ɣҿ참ͦġ
뵽ʦүʱʱʾúܵİţʸҲ˾˵᰸ǵ֪᲻Ǹùأ
ʦүҲǿƾٽʿΪǰжԸԸԽݣı˸ʦүĲһֱˡ
ǵб˻ؾ᰸֪ȱԷⲻΪԼǰ;㡣
ղеĸӣҲûʲôԣֻĻӦͦõİɡ
Ҳ
ʸֿ⸱¶ģ̲סЦһ
ȥԱߵֽʡ
տûΪīԾֻǸȥһ¡
ʸԼкīֽʣһֽֽѹãִʣ΢΢סӣվǰд
ʱׯרעģղ֪ĿЩԡ
ȻʸдձʱҲʶյǱ߿һۡ
ĿתĿԼٿһ٣ֻеС¹ƺҪܳһ
ŬƽֻǲܿƵɳЩôˣ
ҲعĻҲʵ˵ûǿдֵӻͦÿġ
ʸһ£ݸЦлл佱
̫ˡҲеˣ̲סͷɵЦ
ʱʸðѷ˿ڵŷݹȥ˴ȥ̰ɡ
ǡȻ˫ֽӹŷ˳ȥ
ձʻʸҪҪһȥ棬ǿ½»ûİֻ̺ۣһתúЪϢȥˡ
һҪˣʸжʱЩʧãϹһԷ𣿡
Դǹ֮߹ϵͻˣѡ
ΪԼûоûһԹأ
о񲻴Ǿһš
ȻĶҡҡͷСգǴӦȥһˡ
ǺðɡʸҲֻգֺʵǸĹǹϵͦõġ
Ȼ໥ܵʱԼҲڣΪңҲûס˭˭
ҡҡͷֵͷԣǽýãȽСǸ
ԭʸֵ˵ͷ
š
ʱһǻ
лл¹һƯǻҲĵĵл
΢΢һЦŲͣЪļߡ
Ȼ֪ЩǻԼģǿϲ̵ĿһƯǻʸﵽײƽˡ
ҵְǻͰְܸˣһһոպá
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һ뿪ԺӣΪεѾߣ׼
ȻһʼʮܳҺһոϳ
յļ°ֺͰܸһڳ˭ϳ˭͸ˡ
ûԶվͿԶۼһȺΧ۰ա
ſڱǣδģÿֵȻȥ
ЩȲİͣ£Ͷų˵㿴һ³ȥǰ濴
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̫ˡ
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Χ۵ȺһҴų˱ᣬվһξʮη壬ֶ뿪Ƕﵽ׷ʲôˡ
ǵĵﾶֱܿѪӡ
İն϶ܳ׷¶Ϸ顣
ȻʵǴսȥ֮ûмܳȥֻΪ̱ǳѪζüͷصĿԺĳ
ԺӲܴŽܿű̧ߺܶӡ
ǴʱڴŽŵıȻżʬ壬ʬ٣Ǳ󵶿
һŮʬֱӱΡ
ݵķ⣬һʲôſ̨ϵŮˡ
Ѫ̨£·ĿյأѴɨɾԺȾɫ
ʬΧĲӬó棬һӦһʱˣôڲű֣
ʲô˾Ȼộֱţ
ţٵĽŲһͷͿʦүŹٲܽԺĲ״һȺҲǷ׷ֱ
Ȼ˲Ҿ徣һžʬ壬ʦүúӶˡ
һֱüҲָ̧̨ϵŮʬǱߺһӡ
ٲĴûȥᷭһŮʬ
Ȼӱ˿ŮʬĿĹ˫ۣΪ̫۽Ƕ˺ѡ
һеӤӤҲûСС͸һ֮ɫ
˲̵ֶκܿһ᰸ǶĻ̻
һȺٲϸ̲飬ڱݵԷһţʦүз֣





42 ѽ
ʦүǰӹţдŵǣѣþòյŰݷá
֮⣬˻ּӶʰĺۼϸȫյƺѾҪˡ
Χ۵İռʬ屻պø˰ײҲ׷״ӿ
ٲִӸھӴ˵飬֪һ졣
ǼڶʮǰͻȻģʱֻ޴һŮ
Ϊƽ͵ھҲûʲôݡ
԰ڣһɱ·ɢѪζԲžǽϿʬ塣
һصھӴĨ᣺ҿŲദʵȫȥҼӰҹգûǮȥҩӸǵġ
һЩСϱҲۣǰǰҲܺãڿ죬ǿһҪһ
ǱźȥϱǱһ͵ϰŮ
뵽һȺ˻һ廨վһЩСǲɵñ
ʱһҲŴȺ˳ҵʬ޵˺ѷΣҵŮ
վڶʦү󣬿Щ״Ҳʮܡ
ͰֻаܸҲΧȺռﲻæǾĬĬˡ
ȥҵ·ϣҲںֱۣ˵ʲôɥĲ񣬾ȻӶϷŹ
Ӧþǳɱˡüǰ·
յ׼ңûȫҾͲ£ǳɱʲô
Ҳ֪ʲôԹҲǣ޷⡣
ȴ˼ĿڣҿԺд򶷵ĺۼȴû˵᲻ҲͽҲˣҲأ
һоӲ⣺ʱͱˣΪʲôȥ٣
˵оأܶˣȻûһѽ
֪ҡҡͷоҵøһ
ȥ˿¼ҡ
լԺ棬ƬѾģˣԺʵΧǽסԺڵԺҲơ
Ժӣպȥҡ
̫ƫСԺҲʮ֣ٵռ˻мµŮ
СʱһɫУһС죬˵Ļ֣ս
СôˣҲſĵشְС
˾ͺˣôѽ׼ĴӣСʱЩ˼ˡ
ռ״Ц˵ҪԴѽСǣտѽ
ζСԱߣҲЦСõļ򣺡ս˵ĲǸ°ɡ
ʵСǲ֪Ķǽ졣
ռ˵ɣ˲ٺóԵģ׼ϲ
ǿҪԵˡвٺóԵģһӺ
СգҲܰɱó˵Ծû
ζЩҲЩ֪ѣǣҲ׷׺ʵλ书ǿŮƯأ
СһʮԺıסյĸ첲ѽսˣôµ˷Ӷɴˣ
ôձСԺӶЦǫ˵һ䡣
һɫȹӣŻɫлЦЦ¹ǫѽǳ֣Ǽѻ֪ҪԶµأ
ѽҺˡһɫȹӵŮҲΪȻĵͷ
ζָ໥ܣǰ˵ȹСɫ·ĽһȽɬý
Ҳǰ֮ʶģһ塣
СҲԼѽܸʶֱǺһԲ֣һžͱȽӢС
˸֮ζȥæ
Χ죬Ƕ书ĺ档
С˸źεĹâһ˫Ĵ۾治ѵĿգս㣬˵ϰ֮˶ɣܲǿѽ
յͷ˿ŵԼСôҲȤ뿴
ţСصͷ
չǣ¶һĨаЦ
С绨ŰЦݾޣӶаȿĸ֣һһ
һڿյʧشҲͬʱ𾪺
عСѾһִָϡ
£С˷ܵˣ׷ܳԺ£ۣѽս㣡ҲҪҲҪ
տС˷ܵҲһЦѽ
ִŽСĹϷ¡
һΣСסȷȷʵʵһ˹ĸо
СſֳȥսңҲҪɣ
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վϣСܴδķ羰̲סۣ̾øѽĸо氡
սѽҲòУЩµǽŶԷĸ첲





43 ҹҽ
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Ҳˡ˵뵽֮ǰ˵ĻҲ̲סЦˡ
СһȦְǴСԺ
һըõŴӳҲĶ˵֪û뵽ôˡ
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Ӧû죬״ЦõİԱŲһЩըأ
СӸӹӣڵĵݵǰ
ſɰСѾͷûסֿһʵôƼƼ
ᵽƼƼ˵ı鵭Щȥˡ
ȥģЩĿǡ
СƲƲ죬͵ԼˣʵƼƼȥˣⲻ˷ӣõҳǴġ
˵ֱ˱죬ʵ˵˾ΪҪԼˡ
Ƚ׾ݣľһԶٺһķѡ
ͽҲһֱ£ԾѰȥȥ
Ȼˡ
ðɡƼƼԼңҲ˵ͷ
ܿ죬̫䵽ɽͷСԺҲ׼ϯ
ʢͱһ̶˳úСԺѡ
ֺͰܸ״ʮֺ棬ȥһæ
ȵæֶ֮С˵Сűˡ
Сֿĵ
ѱȼζк
ûһȼյѴžȼŸоʮ棺ԭǱ񰡣
øһѼȵͷţϼҲű𣿡
ӱȽ٣ûճʵҡҡͷƳСҲȲĿ档
ῪʵСǣԷϳûһҾʹ˺ѡ
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СһҲȤߣڻûȥŴ͵ùǶˣ
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ЩԼҲ׬˲ǮԶõóֵˡ
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СҲûпԴøӻȥ磬ζý㣬սСְܸ
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ߺСԺһӰܶ࣬ܿ죬ζþպֺ
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ΪϳΪ˷ֹ⣬ܸߵġ
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ΪٶȱȽԻصۡʱվƶˡ
ʱ򣬺ȻžҹﴫһҽС
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ͰְܸҲԺͬʱĲҰѾԾݶѰ׷ȥ
ҪϣյӰܿʧΪ˲ϺȣȻȥȣ
ǡֺͰܸʱҲŵòᣬ뵽ЩӣʱһͷƤ飬ĸо
һߣոԴΣܿﵹص
ӿٶһũԺϷ΢¹⿴Ժһźɫߵˣŵһ긾Ů
ס֣һֱӷȥһƳ˴ȥ
˵ãĹ˫յȥ
£˵ݶʽҲֱҪ
ûйߣ˿·磬һҽֱһͷϡ
ص˲䣬תܡ
ȥ٣ռˣŻŵ˼ҷԸһȻ׷ᡣ





44 
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Ȼǡûע⵽ٴԶƮˡ
ǹԼģҲ˿ָоЦ
˵ղ£ҹ¹ţԼʲôµģ
뵽ֹ죬ɱյˣü
ߵʱ˼˵ʲôΪʲôҪɱˡ
ţͻȻȵʲôͷһȻǻᷴӡ
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ˣ
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Ȼտ˺һ˾Ȼһѷĩ
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ľʹջҧء
ûػһشǰĻʸֱһɳȥͱڣ
޷ֱ£ؼʱֻüץ˻ʸ֡
ϺХķεĺһǺײʲôײϼη˲䵽ϡ
ܵľ޴һֱʧȥʶʸֱţغмʶ
ȫʹ类˺ʹҲֲȥŻԡ

֪˶ãձˮѡ
۾ͿѾˣͷܲգܼˮ
š
Ѻĵһ뷨
ţ֫ľľʹһСһš
ͿʸſԼȱߣϵ·Ҳˮʪָ첲ϻһƳ˿ڣɫ׵ˡ
һܣǾȻһò£С֦вٶϺۣСǵ
ʱֻȫǻĴʹľĶʹֱ治ʹһЩ
ѧЩƤëҽһ飬ԼصĻֹǵƣԺԲơ





45 㡭
һּʸֵƣȹۣؿ߹Ҳеѡ
ʸּѵۣͿԼԱߣһ˫ֻԼϵ
־ȻԼؿڣʸˢһѣ԰׵˲䱬ʶס塣
Ͱ͵ĿŶԷʲô
ձӶˣǵʪ۾޴ãȻĿԼʱؿȻݺһ£ǿƲסļ¶ӡ
˿ڿˮɣʲô˰
ĽͣʸеΣҲԼղŷӦ̫ˣԭ˼
ʱûôˣȴ˷硣
ʸ־ʹһɫ£紵ʱ̲סĶ
״˰ҽŹͷˣؿ߹ҲˣҸطɡ
šʸֻȫľģоۣĻҲ˳ӵͷ
໥Ӵ˲䣬վ͸оʸ̵
Ļﰵżֲñֳ
Ъ˿ƾԽͣưôͬ˿һкºĽϣ
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ʸִʱ㱣ֻú޻һȫƮƮģľګͷá
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ȻָҲǡ
ţҲͣˣʮֻȸԾȴʮַꡣ
ѻʸַ£ȥѰһЩõϵҩݣٿܼܲ
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ʶŲȥ鿴ͿһֻʪҰڶë
˯ͷʳţŹֻҰֱӾС
ŶصɽͿһֻɫʰ쵵÷¹ȻͼϵĻʸ֡
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С¹һ߶˲ӣû˭
ʸûˣ˿
Ѷ£Ȼ֦һǿ֦Ҷжɽ





46 ôˣ
ɽɾɽ˻
󲿷ֵĲ𶼱ȽʪҲûôȥɣԸɴֱӰѲѡ
ȼŨ̻ѬһѬĳϡ
϶ѸղժĽӹǲݵ飬ҶӰŶһ
ҩ֮һЩŷڻʸϣִ˺һ鲼ҩ
ˣְѻʸֵֽ⿪µ´
ֻ´˲䣬˿滹ֵոое㲻á
ԥһ£ȥһѲݻ
ѳʲڻϿˮ˳ӣ֮һطϡ
һæµŪһĲݶѴŰѻʸֱ˽ȥŵϡ
㰲ٺãղûֽ⿪˻ʸֵ·
İɫ£ӳŰɫĵķɫǶǶʺܺãžʮ˿ͣĵñͰļˮۡ
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ᰴѹһȷ߹ûжϿ˿
ٴηϲҩСİúŷˡ
ˣҲ֪⽿ĴСֵܼܲס
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ǿñĴԶСϪȥǱߴ⣬˳·ûʲôȵҩġ
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ˮ䵽ֱϣֻ쳣̣Ҳ
ḧŻʸֵĺ󱳣ɰͰ͵İοȥģ˾ͻˡ
ʸû˵ֻǽסĻʧʹ
Ҳû˰취ֻһûһµĺ󱳡
Ȼʸֿ˯ţշƺˡ
СķŻزݶѴϣһȥԱ߿һ¿ӡ
һѾýƣһȴѪˮӷ˸棬߳ɽ
Щ֦ױСӣߵˮߡ
Ϫ߲ԶмŽժһЩһҶһȻˮ
޴̺ҶӵװˮˮҶӼķ϶ѹʵֻҪСһͲ©ˮˡ
ٴλصɽִ˺һ鲼ˮ֮šɣȻʸֲ˲ٰѲϷͷϡ





47 㲻˵
ſԽԽ㣬ҲͲסĸоԱߣ۵Ŀ˺һȡ
ûΣҲԵú㣬Աߵ߹޲ɣְ߹޶濾
ʱһһȥžһһ߹ޱѣ۵һСĿŻѡ
ֱȼһ߹޺Ȼһ㵫Һûб
ùӰʣµ߹޺˳ȻԱ
ȵ߹͸ְˮ˽ȥȷ߹û©ˮûѿ߹ȥСϪԱװˮ
С߹װҲûˮһˮصɽ
߹޷ŵϼţμ˰ʹЩѪȵҩݡ
һֱҩãճȰ߹΢΢ҩ֭еѿڵȻСĵĶҩʸߡ
ʸһֱԣιҩʱ󲿷ҩ֭
Ϊ˲˷ѣɴͷһҩ֭ȵһ뺬ĸҲļ¶д껺ʸֵ촽
ҩ֭ɹʸֱ˫ۡ
Ž߽յ˫ۣ
ιһҩﵹʣµһЩҪµʱ߾Ͷϻʸ˫ۣ
ȿȣ
һһûסһҩֱ֭˻ʸֵ°ϡ
ʸֶŰ׾Сһҩ֭ʶסգûԷһѰסļ
ؿ߹ǶѣҶհŻʸֵļ򣬿ȵе
ţ֪ˣ㻹𣿡ʸֹԹɺãĿƵĿա
ɬĿţҲʱŵǵУֻڨڨЦУϰ֮ˣָıһ㡣
ǾͺáʸΪ棬ĵĵ˵ͷ
Ϊҩ˷һ룬ֻһЩ
ҩٴΰãﵹ˰룬ʸ߰ҩȥ˵ҩˡ
ʸȴֱֱ˿͸Ĺâ˸ȴʮּᶨ㲻˵ڲ𣿡
˫۶ӣԻʸֺεĿ⣬յ˵Ŀ
Ƭ̣·ǣ
˵ţڻʸֵעͷҩ֭ൽ׼׽ס˶ԷĴꡣ
΢΢ŵҩ֭ڴʣտжɵ˻ʸֵ
˷еҩûʸҲܲˣֱ̧סյĲӡ
Ҳ˿ӣ˫ֳڲݶ棬ڲѹ˵סԷĴշת
С̽ѷ֣˶İõĸ
ֱĻʸֲּסյļղδͣ
ͣ£յֻŻʸֵĲ΢΢ţôѪ飿
ʸִڴϢţԽĵһۣҪǴһԹȥŵĿɲԼ
ͷһƷζȴģļ㿪ڣҩ
ʸֶʱ򣺡ǲź𣿡
˼һᣬúְǳԵ㶫
˵ţٰѿԱߵ
ʸֻǸղҲֻάƬ̾
ʱջ۵Ӳûθڣֻᱧ˱գ㲢һʱ𣬸֮Ҫʾ
Žִӣʸֵ񽥽ģ
ֽ߬յ䣬ʶƮȴϷſ˵ֻǡֻֻһ˺ã
벻ϣסһлʸֵŮˣ콵һֻ̣Ϊ
˵꣬ʸڼֲסٴڰ
ݺһס̱塣
ǰò毺õĻʸִʱɫ԰ףϢ΢ģֻһִδйĻͷ
֮Ҳƣ֪⻰ķθ֮ԣ֮Уٴʱ˿շǳĲ뿴Żʸ¡
ţ֣žʹҧʳָѪ˻ʸ
ǵɻ£ҲΪ˺ݷ
һٶԼʲôǷ˵ա
ʸԼǰһӶῪġ
ٴԵĻʸ봽ĸ֪˱ʵĶյɫҲԽԽס
ֱʸֵԴ΢ƫղջָ
ŶԷٻָ£˵ǿеѪ˲εô¡
·ŻزݶϣղɫĿԼʳָ
ֻղűԼҧƵ˿ۿɼٶȻָûһͽ˺̡
Ѫʸԭ˫ҲָֻĴҲԽ
һڲݶϵĲ飬մˮʪͷϡ
мͣԱߵĿӹ






48 Ϊ
ʱţٴκڰ
һҲоʮ٣ŰŰɲݶѾ˻ʸߡ
ͬʱͶʦүһ˲ͷˡ
ҹĸֻʸʧȻѰңȥɱ˷Ҳʧ
᰸ǣǶûҵպͻʸֵټ
ſֱֶ֮һͷײԱߵӡ
յİΣ˵һʶԱ߿ȥͿͷѪˤڵϡ
ǸʲôʱּŸ̲סһ߳һ߰˷
棬ѪˮֹסʣҰҼСŪˡ
˵ţֺݺݵظԼƣңҡ
סŰˣ˵Щʱ𣿡
ţĿֻ֪ԼһŪӣ̡
Ҳ֪ôȰ˵ֻðֶűѰȻ彣뿪ķȥ
ֱΪ뿪СʲộҲֻһѰοˡ
֮ǰܷκ
̫
ɽ֪ʲôʱһĻʸֺҲ˫ۡ
ƣţһ̣оһָֻ˶ͷϡ
źˣ˲ֹһΣһƢϯϸվұϡ
ʸֽ˲٣һվҲǵǡ
ǲҲˣһֻ־͹ϡ
͵͵ľٶʸֲûв÷ϲû𣿡
ϲ֪ԼһöԷൣĵ۾
˫ۺᣬβĻʸ̲סЦˣֲ۽ˮʲô£
ʸûлش⣬ֻ鲻Խ˵Ͻסļ򣺡ΪΪ
Ȼһֱ㱣Ҳ֪˲ᡣ
ſŵӣ֪жš
⧲ܣûǸ١
彩һĻʸֵļ򣺡ǲɵ˵˻ȥΪʲô
ʸֱ˵Ҳ˼Щ޴ջڴϰԹؿ㡭㻹Ұ
նʱ¶ɻ󣺡ʲôʱˣ
ʸȴ˵ˣתɵݶϱ
뵽μԼ񣬺ٴμʱĲͣˮֹס
ղûô࣬ʸּһһģΪֲˣҡҡļʵôˣ𣿡
ʸҡͷ֪Ҫô
ջǾ岻Ŀܸ󣬼ԱߵϨѰ𹤾ջ
оˣʸִӲݶѴ뿪ıӰˮٴ¡
ȻԼġ
ɽ⣬ֻñǻ̲ס˸硣
С¹ǲӬ裬ûǲԵĺãȥ
ɽµԴḻûһִһֻɽ
ѼͼһЦɣɽʬȥϪԱ
ȵսƷصɽֻʸֵ˫ֱ׳˺ҡ
̲סģôܣ
ĵӣʸֻøί
տ׵˫ٴᣬЩ۵ıס󱳣
ٿ޾ͳˣʱ򿴲·ˣ㻹ôᣬҲ˫Ŀʧɣ
ůĻûʸİ᲻ѣ̲סֱסļҡͷ롭
ְļ˵ͶˣˣץҰȺòã
⸱޽ٵӣʸֺȻúԼ̫ˡ
˼ĵͷΣš
״ڷˣ˵԰ģڣµġ
СʸֶʱΪЦá
οˣʯ
ѻ֮ڽչޣչѾɣһԵĶ
ʵ֤ɵչޱȿɵ죬һչ޺붼ûѵĺۼ
ЩþߣŲĻʸʮֲ죺չģ
ֱסļ뵽С߾Σգֱӽ˴ᱧ𣺡Ҵȥ
ʸͻȻڿգʶͱյĲӡ
ûеĺ£̲ס̰￿£֮ǰг϶ðĵĸоûʸȫĵķ
մϪߣѻʸַºһ㿴ɫʺģûУҲԣûûҲӰʹõġ
СΣأĵһһԼڣܶԼ
ʸֿĲ棬ܿԷƤӵһ״Ҳԡ
Ļղûоܾץһͷŵǰ
ʸѧĶ߹޻в״
ȶãְѶԱ߱˻ʸ֣ĻЩ÷ڽɣѵôס
ȻҪǼõĻҲѲѵģһװˮͺˡ
ŵĻʸָоϺûôˣĻ˵ͷš֪ˡ





49 ÿѽ
صɽ֦ǿպõ߹޲˳
ϸ󣬼ûѿֿʼ̻ʸôÿõĹ
ܿϧǸ󹤳̣˵ʸˣûУҲһѧᡣ
СϣͿʼˣ΢˵߹ҩõ߹˼
ûϢãһϢ͸оĶ۵Ļʸյİο³˵㼦⣬ֺҩȻĬĬյڲݶѴϡ
Ҳûʲô£ոɴһš
ֻǻʸʵԾĸоղɵǷǡ
˵ʱʸֽһա
ţڵġʶӦ˼Ҳء
ʸֳãڻǹڣ֮ǰˡ
ͻȻĻͻͻһ£ʶ뵽֮ദ˼
ļ¶ޱȵͬʱȴ̲ס붺ʸ֣ţѽôˣ
ʸֱʵһҭСְֺףҧҧ˵ϲֻŮܲףŮŮҲһ
˵ţǳɫס˵ңöҡҸġ
վʲô֪ͷ࣬浥ױƭ
ˣϲˣǾ͵ץס
һտʼˡߵ˾Ͳһʸˡ
ԴвͺƵĻձܵЦ
Ǵʱ˿̣ҵ쳹ϣ̲סƤ֡Ŀ𣿲˵д󵱻Ů󡭡
û˵꣬յͱʸǰ
ʸִʱ಻ѣʮ֣صĿǻ˵Ĳԣ׹˾ҵˣˣ
ô࣬Ҳƹˣ޹գգۣһĵͷ
Ҽסˣ˼ԺҲٺͱܽӴǶܺܽӴأ
¶Ůʸֿ˫˵ܣҵģҲֻġ
һ̣ͻȻоԼû˵Լ֪ģվͱ̧ߡ
ᶨһһûиܹȫ飬ܿƵľ
ûӦĴᴥһ𣬹̵Ϣ֯вŵС¹ݺݵײ
һ̣ͷձסʸֵһѹڴϾȥ
ֻһ¶ݺǣ˻ʸ߹ǵƣһӾöԷ۵ֱ
ΪʹˣյҲʱҲѣæ˵Աεḧļ򣺡Բ֣ˡ
ʸڻ͹ָֻյռҡͷûµġ
˵û£ǿɷ׵ɫվ֪϶ʹһʱκֱӰûȥ
뵽컹ûлҩԴһ£ȥժҩ
šղŵһǻɢȥϵʹϯʸûη
棬ֳһЩӹֹʹҩݻȥҶӰ죬ʱ⿪˻ʸϵĲ
Ĳ˵նԽӹǲݺֹʹ׵ĲҩǼǵͦ׼ģϻʸֵĹ۲ûдλһжڿɿطΧ֮С
Сϵˣַ˻ʸֽ֣⿪Լûϵúܺõ´ӡ
һ̣˵ն΢΢죬»ʱ䣬ʸҲߵò̧ͷ
ǸûµģҲûСո˵Լû֪ռˡ
˵ţʸֺ󲱾ϵĶǶȴͻȻɢһ˲䣬Ůӷ˵չǰ
ֱӴ㶣˫۱ܵضסǰ˵ɽ
ʸҲ˲ͬգľֽŻұסؿڸ̧ۡ
ȷӦͬһɫ֬æԷ¡
ʱ˿̣ޱȵĿŻʸ֣ңûʲôû
û뵽˵ʸһʱֻ߷
ǿɵ㶵ǵӣʸֻĥĥʱȷҪ˵𣿡
ҧгݵڷӦֱ̧ţ˵ˡ
ʸɫһ㣬ֵתͷԱߵҩݡ
ҩȷˣʸ߹ǷȥҪǸо̵ĻҪ˵
̵ҩӴʸֲܿƵһ屾ܵĳջ￿ȥ
˵ĵĿһϸĸҩѲϵá
Щտǰϸļ̲סͷ°˲䣺
δ䣬˶ԷҲѵ
ʸֱò˫۷̣ǶҪûˣؼʱ̻뵽ԼδŴƵģʶļջȥСС¡
Ҳ̲סɵЦá
ڰԷѶǶϵϵʱûס˼ǰ
ÿѽ
ȵ߻ʸֲǸֻܲǱɬȥ
ȻźҲзִ磬·ֵ֮ʵҪҪԵʲô
ʸʵûԶҲ֪ʱ޵ʱ˵ͷһ㡣
Ҳǿֻ֪ܵԵ㶫ָܻ㡣
ʸҲ֪Ǳ˺Ҳ⽿Ҳ˼ֿǻأ֪ġ





50 ⣿
ЩۣȴҲֻļοȻȥŪһ뼦һ㼦
ʣͬҲζͬ
궫ʸڲݴϢ
ҲһȴҪȥѰʳҩģԾúϢһ
պܿ˻ʸֵ⣬Ҳܡ
ֻϢʱ򣬻̲סֱӱڻˡ
˯֮ǰʸֲ֪뵽ʲôףյֱۣգңǲһֱôġ
Ϊں£Ҳο˵İɣȥҾ͸Щ뺦ˡ
֣µĻʸִ΢΢𣺡㣬ҲҺòã
áִ˴ļӦ
֪ƣܵĻʸ˯ȥƽỺĶͷ
ȻʸֵƲûкת̫֮࣬ǰȵ֢״ҲѾˡ
ˣҲģı۾
Ϊ˯̫磬컹û˾ˡ
¹ɽ棬öҲûôڣպͻʸֶܿ˴˵
ֻʱ˶еΣǲ֪ô˵͸˵ʲô
ãȴεĳĬһΪ¡
ʸ߬߬һֱĬĬǣŵȹڣЩ˼˵ƽʱеºڣǡ
˵ţֳ˳յȹڣʾԼץԲ㺦¡
ע⵽ץԼ·δ˼һ¶ġ
ʶʸ߿һЩ֧Դ˵㣬ôôùأ
֪˼ʸЦЦҲɺãǵùֻҪң㣬ǡ
˵ţʸֱֵį
Ļղź֪ķӦ㣿˵ЩΪģ⣿
ʸֿЦĵͷһ⣬أôɺϵ飿
Դ뿪ġ⡱̫һЩ
Ҳݺü̲סЩ̫ˣʲô˻ô񶾣Ȼε뺦㣡
ֻ˵˵ţֲ˵һμĳò۸˭Ȼ˱ɣ
ôţȴû˵Ͼˡ
ദôҲ֪ʸ־Ƣã˻Ǻġ
ҪЩΪ֮ǰҪ˺ʸ֣϶ͬġ
ʱôˣôҲ㳶ƽ˰ɣ´ΣֱӴȥˣ
ţ̧ʸֵļο£´Ұǣ֣Ƣøĸˡ
ŶԼֵĵǸУǶǱ˵ĻʸĻһʱЩãȻһ˲÷ࡣ
ڰУյ̲סֱۣ˿ڵľʹ˲ˣ۸˵ģڶԼ𣿡
֪ˣίյС
ǣҲǸ˼ǡ밡Ҫ뱨㣬Щҷס
ʸֱĻòᣬֹסȴҲ
ˣҲˣæסʸֵ֣ѽҲ˵ˣģԺұ㣬˺ˡ
˵ţᣬǱʸֶ˹ȥ
ʸʮܣίѿѹµĶʵ
Ȼ㶼ǸŮˣ㱣ʲô㿴ˣҪ𣿡
˵һѳԼ֣ת뿪ɽ
ղͼһæְ˱סҲǸ˼ҾǡѽҲã𶯵ˣϻأ
ʸû˵ֻ֡
ϰ֮ˣͱѰ˴ö࣬ϻˣѲֻίֱޣſң
սʾ֭ԼҪôŲ˸
ܻæ˵ţԼ˵ģҵģҷʲôѽ
ʸֱ̬ǵòƷȻһڿվͱ˳ëˣˣҲ˵
ʸȴίͷϿĲҾˡ۸СĻŮˡ
հԼ죬ֻʵʵͣģȻƢһЩǺģŲʲôˡ
ֻǵ֮ǰǲеʲô书ǿĹˣԶԷһֱ׷ʹҪһŮأû˼ġ
˵ĺܳϿңҲھԼԣǻʸﲢûкһЩ˵ûУ
ռڣʸ˵ֻΪ·̫ãòҵطϢȴֵطֻǼҿջ̫С̫ơ
˵˶٣Ҳʣ˶٣ҲǵһοŮӳԷʱôûԲ̲ס˵һ䣬Ҳ֪˵
ʱֻǾպԷЩ³ˣû˼ֳҲġ





51 һֱҺ
ĽͣҲӣæ˵ҺҲǣֶģ˵ŷƢ
ʸֻŤͷƽʱûģ뺦ҵҲ
ױʫ飬ͨƽʱȻԼİҲʲôǿ֮ˣҲмƷв֮Ϊ顣
ֻһ⣬ƫƫգѾ߻Ǹˡ
ʵʱֹľٶʱûһ书ǿסһҲġ
ԲŷĶ
˭֪˾Ūˣϸϵһα۸˲ľˣһľҲȥ
Ȼ谵пı飬ҲܴϢ仯о飬չͷȥһ£𲻸ˣղôûˣ
һǣ˲ѻʸǵֱͦҲУۡ㻹˵ҡ
ίոۣҲܹⲻȥ̧ᱧ˱ʸֵ˵Ҳãҿ˿ڡ
šʸƵһŲ˵ʲôԼòĻ
ڽ⿪´ӣּһؿ߹ϵơ
ۡǲһˣող˵Ļʸ̲ס
뵽Լë˲ǣƣ۵˵˽һ죬ùʱܺأ
áʸû˳ɻزݶϡ
ҲɵԱߣֱۣʱ仹磬ҪҪ˯һ
ʸҡҡͷ˯ˡ
Ҳûǿֻʵ֪ʲôҿϵˣֶܲһ㡣
һ뵽ʸ̲ס֮ǰҵ۸ôҿ
֪ڵԼεú˵
ߣʸֲĺߺһȴܳʵĿԱߣʵҲûףҸر߹صүʮĶࡣ
һǰĸ͵ܵȥ㣬Ҳ˹ûò
˵ԥƬ̣˵һλ֣ҲǵȢةฮĵճС㣬ΪֲϽλСܿ
ǰıλСױͷΪͬΪŮӣұŰһѡ
û뵽λฮСǵû飬ͥڰ˵˳
ӵȻϣóԼ͵˵ܾԼǶǵ󵼱ԼĽܾвڮ
ʱҪˣǲô˵Щ˶ԼΪֲҵ˵ֻζ˽
Ҳܼ磬Ծֻܳƿ
뿪ʹ֮ǰע⵽ˣǶӿʮֲơ
ȢԼǱ̵˻ȥ
ĸãĸʱĸףԼ
ӵ鷢ʱͳҹ̸󹬾Ǹ˲¹ͷս𿴱ϸûʣȫɭɭ׹ǡ
ϣԼÿģԲϣԼһǽɫɹ޼ɵš
Ҳ˵֮ǰû뷨ڶӵ֮͸Ӻ޲ԶЩˡ
ĸҲ̵˼Ϊһһȵѡ㵽ˡ
û뵽
۸ӵһУʸ̲ס̾˿
˵Щ߰Ӷɽˣɥְ̾ĺ󱳣ˣѾˣǽҪСӦԲǡ
û취⣺˵ʲôӼȻȢǸС㣬Ϊʲôֺ˵Ȣ㰡
˵ҧгݣô뱨̣̾ȥңܷ۸㣿
ʸĥԭƵĸоʱɢࣺլĥ˵ֶοɶأϲ۸еֶν
˵գҺá
뵽ʸֲ˱ӣվЩԺɲٺˣԼ˵ģˡ
ʸִû˵ĽʶĶɵöҺðҪǶҲãҲһֱġ
յȻ֪ҪԼ˺ãҪܺúܺãţһģлҰѵǸʲôСҲǣûñô򣡡
ǣ˵ฮС㣬ʸҲ
Լİȷʵֵͬ顣
Ǵ־磬Ҳˡ
ΪʸҲû֤ݣ֪˭Ҳ̸
ʸҲ֪յĹȥأǴģ֮ǰʲôأ
룬ûʸҲǱˣְĵطҳߵԭ
ʸž͸оеˣĸһܺˡ
Ȼ֪ǾǺܺúܺõѣһ뵽ΪҳߣԼҲʸﻹֹסķᡣ
ûֻΪǺ棬Ҳ˾˵ǿɲҺӻ·һˡ
˵Цģҵһʱץܾץأ
ʸֻúˣҲñֳץܲץƷôԽŶȦȥץģ
յȻҲ֪Ϊʲô˵Ҳ˵ͷϴ˶仨





52 ôģ
ԭʸƵĸһ
£վٳٶҲˣ̲סʸֵôˣ
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˸Сһֱûʲô֪ĵأ
վûбҪһ£ֿ˻ʸֵ壬ִ˵
ɱ룬ҺǺѣСһ𳤴ĺѣ˵׵ļһ㲻ͬġ
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ĺ˵游ĸƫģһסһۻɣֲԣˣ
ʸҲ̲סü̾ǸŴ󻧣Ѱ˼ңŮӱǳˡ
㿴žǱ۰ĺӣź뱻ܴ֮󡣡
յĴΪĻ߸𣺡ⶼܿأ𣿡
ʸֽ°῿ϣҵæʱ궼һΣܹңʱŹģն
ú磬Ҷûӡ󣬵ҼĸҲңҶйģԴöһá
ձ˵ҲǺܺã궼ԼŮġ
ûˣ̲סЩۣһʱ䲻֪ôο
ʵʸĳɳʵ͹¶࣬ûˣţҲʤǮ
ţ鲻Խ˵Ժ㡣
šʸЦˣԭƮҡƺҵ˰֮
ղ˵˺ĵܵҲ𣿡˵˺˺СȻ󣬵Ǹ̬ӦоС
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ʸֵͷԼĴţһܵܣ֮⻹á
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æú˳СϪԱ߸ϴ˸ϴͷ
ûϴ裬ҲоԼˡ
صɽϴɾ׹ڻԱ߿ɣȻѸղɹеɵСķڻ߿
ææգʸǸǸжԺȥһҲҪӱá
ڵȴɵʱֳ˶һ졣
Ȼڣʸϴˮ衣
Ϊʸ߹˲ʺϴĶնҺˮе㲻˼ʵҰϴɣҪǲС˻۵ġ
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ʸֵĺҲգдϼֲ˵㺺ģ΢΢β졣





53 
Ҳͷḧϻʸֵա
ݺļ¶лͷǽޱĴꡣ
ľ٣ụļֽһ
հڻʸǰֱס֫ʸҲ鲻ԽıĲӡ
õĴĥ˲ͣ£յƸϸ⻬ߣЩ͵ϻʸֵ°ͣ¡
δйôӶԷĴȫǣʸֻ֫ٺİó
٣ıյĲӣͻȻ뵽ʲôȻ۾𡭡
Ҳ˲ѣвȥ̧ͷ׻ʸֵգôˣ
ʸδ£Ҳ֪ᷢʲôֻʱͻȻڴûϴûϴ衭
ΪǲԸû뵽˵ЩʧʱֿЦã
ţʸЩãĿ
ҡҡͷЦĴ˵ûʲô֣ϲ㣬һõģ
ʸֱߺһȣͷţ㡣
Ƽˮľ֮֮ദеļ¶ʸֶԸҲһúö
мᶨӣ鼫ü塣
ӸɽƽأٵĻ԰ϸͣƱĲá
ʸԽԽ죬ͬһɫ֬һ
ϴ裬ְʸϴͷȻ˿ϲˮ֡
Ȼʸȴһ־ˣԼںڸˬķ˿Ŀգôģ
ʸǰ±ϴɾԱߵϣֻһ׵Ҫ¶¶ֱ˫Ҳûǵʵ
յĿʵһ㣬̲ס°ͣ
תΪٰͷϾͿˣܼѽ֮ǰûǼҶѽ
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ղԵĵͷѽȻͷʪĶܰ
ʸ򴽣ֱӱס̧ͷԺˣֻ˰֮໥ͷ췢ģǰǰԺֻܰң
ԵĻղûвãƺʹƺҲûͷ
ǵͷͬˣأԺֻͷֻͷ
ԥʱصĻʸֶʱ⣬˲䣺ǲ̫Եˣǡ
û˵꼱æ̬ûûУ˵ģ֮ǰ֮ǰ֮ǰҺûϲˣ˿϶ǻıѽ
˵ʸ⣺źߡ
հ⽿Сˣûסȥ
У뵽ԼϴβСѹ˿ڣְϲżǡ
ĴϢ֯
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ղŻʸ֣һ¸ղŪҵ·ְϵ·ȥ¶Բ硣
ʸСһ죬̲סһʲô
ֻûղȥﻹǷһЩʧ䡣
ÿġҲܻ˵
Ĵ֣żɢȥ
ʸֺü٣ҲԽԽ졣
һֳŴһĦŻʸֵĴ꣺֡롭
ţʸ̧ۿ¶㺣ҲŲ档
βɳƵͳղϲĺ𣿡
뵽ղϴʱĸоʸ˲ӶˣȦסյĲ˵ͷš
õҲѳֲסͷ˻ʸЩ׵Ĵָ꣬ɢ·ӡ
Ȼ֮ǰûϲˣȴ俴ܡ
ʱ򣬻ڼ﷭ɹʱСĿؼ
赽죬ٵҵĳ
ÿһǣÿһ̸նҲԽ٣Żʸ¶ýߵӣһĪͳɾ͸иѡ
ʸҲմֻͬƶһƮƮɡ
İӶ΢ۣܵĹӽסչļ
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ʸֵգĺˮӶͷ䣬ȴ˱øǺ¡ա㱧ҡ
áӦֿŻʸֵֺʮֲָۣȥһǡ

һֱɽĴϢŽƽϢ
ƣ˯Ļʸ֣ڴֻþʮ㡣
ʸֵգָһ续üۣͷüһǡ
ġ
һͬˮֻůֿ˿棬üͷ





54 ôôÿأ
ƺܺ񣬴Ҫ꣬Ե֮ǰ˵ˡ
ţùԱ߹ŵ¸ʸָϣȻŪ˼סڡ
츽ﲻ֪ǱǳԹˣ֪ΣնˣΪ˱ҪղòȥԶһĵطԡ
صɽ⣬հѵڶڵľͷÿͿʸڲݶۣˮ˫۷죬ίͬСһ
һæܹȥ¿ôˣ
ʸһԲֱȥסɳʴŨŨίΪˡ
ۡ
ĻʸֵĺСοʲôأѽôܻߣ
ʸȴί˵ң
նʱ죬ļ򣺡û˵㣬ղȥˣЩĺܣ֪ҪȫԶˡ
ʸֶʱΪЦҲϸѽûΣգ
ЦˣҲ֪ˣԶ˵㲻Σգ
ʸ룺ǵġ
ףĻʸֵļ򣺡ܻ꣬ȥһҺܿ
á֪ڣʸҲˣɵĵ˵ͷſ
ողժ˼ζҰȰҰøʸֵӣȻſİ¹ȥϪߴ
ҲʱʸֲſȻһֻ¹
մֶЩֱ̣¹Ƥ¹ֿȻ˺
¹ѪҲû˷ѣȴ̣ûȥѪȡ
࣬һɶεϪˮС
ȻǵһμƤôһֻ¹Ƥʮ˵ġ
ʸȻЩӣҲû˵ʲôֲ̿Ļ
ﾺûԼߣôƤǵľԼˡ
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ϴɾĲҩڸɾ߹ȻʸߣŷѾ˰ɫ£˰ɣղŻ˼«ô
ʸֵͷԱ߸Ӳ˲ͷϵĺˮˮ۵˵ãЪϢһ
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ղĴ̲סЦ
ʸֵȻ˼ɫֱǺ죺Цˡ
ãЦһĵͷȻʹϣСĵıܿ˴Żʸֵһǡ
һֱʸղŷŹȥŪԵˡ
֮죬˶ڶᡣ
ϵѾָòˣϲľڻʸʱҲ࣬ʱӵ̸˵ء
˵ĸ鼫£ദҲԽԽǢ˽˼û뿪ɽ
µĵʮ죬մȥԶһĵطǾͺͻʸһ£
ôˣҲ֪ôҽȥԶһĵطû·ȥԼֲ̫ȫһȥ𣿡
һ˵ţֺܲԾ˻ʸ¶İСϡ
ʸֱĸһǶʮĶǿ˿Լ˵ٵ˵ҡ
ģأտĵǣ̧Դ
áʸһů¶һЦݡ
ʸֵɫָһЩ䴽һЦʱ崿ޡ
̲סݺһ£ôôÿأ
ʸֶʱСһ죬С¹ֿʼײҲܺÿ
յָĦŻʸֽ۵գᱧ˱壺ȥ·
á
ָʸְ»ãְԼ¸á
·ʱ򣬻ʸּҵͷΪɬ޷ֱϵİ̺ۡ
רעգ̲סɬҲղԼÿˡ
ոѣ̧ͷۿֺˣʱֵôˣ
ʸҡҡͷסյĲӣá
Դ֮󣬻ʸԽˣʱȥһˣʸ־̲סûʧ
ŶƸеİˣֻĲҲܺѽģġ
šʸص˵ͷ
ʰöղȷ᲻ôס֮ǰõ߹޺룬˴ʯһЩɲɽ
һװһ߹޺룬Ӵ˸ϣȻŻʸ뿪ɽ
þû뿪ɽػʸЩ㱣գˣ
ʮأձߣʱķ





55 Ŷ
ôˡʸͷϣݵ۵
Щˡǳ԰׷
ղ룬ֻǵĲ˲ͷ
֪˶ãղſһͱڡ
ϸ˵ǺǴģȴּ
ǺǴ

ֵҲһæԱߣôˣ
ʸֽļԴĻָһߵĲݴԣǡǡ
תͷȥͿһߴźµʬ
ΪˮĽݺ̫ıɹʬѸòϵƤⱻеʣ޼ۿû򣬵ͷϻмͷƤȫ¶Ǵŵ䶯
ŻһĻҲ̲סŻʸָŻһ߸Żһ߱ܡ
ܳһξͣ£ɫİѻʸַϡ
ʸҲûö٣һοֲֿӶǸղŵĻ档
˵ʲôʱͻȻеĽŲ˲һ衣
û˾ϲ󺰣ҵС¹ˣ
ʸҲϲתͷԴķȥһȺٲżסյ֣ˣǿԳȥˣ
ȴΪƲƲ죺ǲҲܳȥ
ţֿϤӰ͵ײײĸ
С㣡С㰡ֿЦһһһߴ󺰣һֱˤͶء
Աߵ״εְ˷ϵĴպͻʸǰҲĿڣ
ֱôôûˣû£
Ҳڻʸǰ޵ĲѣСôū澵Ĵū澲ãС𷣣
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⸣ᣬֶŵġ
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˵䣬ʦүһȺٲҲʸǰȫĹ»뿤𷣣
µļʮˣվڻʸԱߵüëһ
ɣȻȥʸվһ̣֮ǰԼֲһˡ
ǡһȺ˻ֲ̿ٴ񣬼ٲ֪죬ȴصѻʸַȥ
ʸɫȴÿˣҲȻ֪¹һʧ٣Ϊξֻ׼һ죿
ʦү͸һʱͷһæϴ뿤𷣡
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ɶʲôΪ˾࣬ǵĻҲ˻ʸֵĶ䡣
̧ͷЦЦǴϵģͻȻӰƮƮģ϶ΪǸ
ĿţǵĻ̲סȥ𣿡
û˵ֻʼ硣
Źٲ·ص֮ǰ֪Ѿˡ
ղñ˲֣Լѻʸֱ
ߣʸȴļЩƣĿԡ
áյȻܾҲææˮѾ߱Ŵ
հѻʸַŵϺ󣬸ͼѾʮȥΪ½
Ķնʱˣһס֣ʲô
õŵ̲סӣΪΪСԡѽ
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ʸĴвûüڣ¶˵С֦Ҷǧ֮СԶ֣Ըū
һ£մҲʸӦǴСǱ˸ϴ裬ЦЦĿ˶Էһۣҧ¶ЦݣŶȳȥҰϴ
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ӷһ˲ҲǹԹ˳䡣





56 
䰲ղתʸ֡
ʸֱͷƤ飬æץסյͷԼǰ˵ǹأԺҲǰˡ
ձ˳ëǲģߡ˵Ǹϴʱû㣬ϴ滹棿
ֱ״³Ļûʸɫһ죬˻ֱ˵ϴ費ϴģǶëģҵġ
ջòУ޲һڰѸҧûҲˡ
˵Լɽ˵ϴ裬һʼܾû뵽ֱͬˣôϵſ֡
˼ұϰ߱źˡ
ʸ첻֪ôͣɫãСʵա𣿡
ûСձŲģְϵ·¡
Ͻ˰̺;ĺۣԭ˵յ׻˱ԡͰУԺˣҪǲϴĻҰ㣬ٸ˿ˡ
ǱˣʸͲˣ˵ģȻӦš
ˮо˶ĻʸְԡͰ߿רעӡ
ֻǺܿ죬ϴɸͷĸоûʸ̲סϢ
һ뵽źϴ裬ֱʹڻʸּ羱ֿҧȥ
𡭡֫ѱӣʸ̲סЦһš
źߡҲԳ뵽£ջ˼ϴˢɾ󱧳·
ȻûһţС㡢¹ˡ
ջڸʸֲͷϵˮ飬̲סĥǵȵȡ
ǡҧгݵܲԵͷ
Լûٵ¹ѽ컹úõģôһĹ¹ͺܲϲԼˣ
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ҲôˡʸҲϿɵĵͷסƺʮְָۣͷϣ𣿡
Ŀһ£ͷĶǣãô򿴿ơ
áʸִӦһš
һ򿪣ͿսսĶʦүͼϴ
͸ҲԱߣն˵ͷȻô
ʱղע⵽һȺڸʸְʱǸ˿ѵġ
һȺϴ˵棬ƵģǴû˵ҽŮ
ҽŮѻʸֵ˿ں͹ͷƸ˴򣬴ָ顣
Ա߿Ҳ̲סʸϵˣȻóۣѾڻָˣڹͷѿδλúϼ¾ָܻ
ҽŮʮϿɵĵͷ˵Ĳ
ĴҲ໥һ£˵ֻСԪˣЩҲûܺúϢϷٸС㿪һҩȵ˯ָ졣
ϴĻպͻʸ־Ϸ̡
ΪʲôûܺúϢû˱Ǹˡ
ֻҽУҲ֪ЩҩͲˣҩ̫Ҳã»ӣԲûܺúϢ
ע⵽˵⻰ʱƮżŵ棬ԾѵС
ϴ˼Ƭ̾ҲǣǵͷϿɣҲˣС޷˯Ҫҩźá
֪ˡʸҲ߲ѣʶ߿
ȴ£ø֮ǰ׼ҩù
ҩվڴߣñʾģֻ˵ȥûʲôԵģҸֲҩ
ƫƫûɫʵڣȥˣѾ׼˶С¹ϲĲˣܿͻ͹ˡ
ʸֿ˸һۣ˵˱ˮ׼¹Դ·
û˵ȿˣ鷳˻ʸС㣬ǵԺҲԶջȥϴ軻·ٹͺá
Ҳڲ̨ûסĥʸҲַ̧Ρ
ɴģʸֱӰ£һڣĿɿڴˣ𣿡
㶵ĸͬʱͷҡͷ
Ҳһѱס˻ʸֵļ򣬶źѺ͸Nɪ˵Һ档ڣǣøҪҪҩ֪𣿡
ţͬʱͷȻɿתˡ
˲ֻʵıӰƲƲ죺ǣҪ˵ô𣿡
û뵽ʸֱƵı鶺ЦΪֹиյĺѣҲ˵źû
ʼ磬ת˵ˣȲҩ
á
һߣĸ





57 ǡǡ
ŷӦĸһԭ˵ı飬ֻ춼ˣɥ˵㣬С¹ﶼŮѽŮӺŮôܡ
ƺܲͬӣ̲סüŮӺŮôˣֻҪమԱθɣ
ǡǲ⡣
ȴ˵Ļᣬ˫סļ򣺡ûпǣ밡СÿΣ֮ǲǶҼռʱ֣
㶣Եĵͷǡ
ǲǾνӢ۾ɵдЦ⡣
⻹֮ǰȥϷ¥ģҲѧˡ
ǡֵ˵ͷ
֮ǲҪʣЦ
ǣǡʶͷ뵽ʲô⡣
ȴִĻСǲǺϲգ
һãȻգۣ뵽Ӷ¹Ĺעصͷ
¶һӿɽ̵ıļ򣺡ԵʻԣСտעԵ֣ǸѾ϶˴ˣɱȥɨˣСղŹ㡣
ĺѿɲʲôƢˣһĹڻʸϣ˵ˡ
ԷĵɢǶܸéȥ
뵽ղնԼƵ񣬸ӣ֪ˡ
ҲǱǿģҲϲĽɵ
֪ôƸնĸʸֲҩ
ǰ˵˰Ѿ裬ɫİ̺̾Ů۵˴Ŀġ
ʸֱֲЩ˺ۣ·ֻҪԼǾͲһ
Щ˰ӡԺҪӶѡ
ûһ˿գʸﻹܣգ˵Щ̡Ļ𣿡
տѹӰοİɣһõģЩҩУǻİ취
ҪҲ֮ǰԼõʱ˿ڻụ̂ڻʸ֮ǰܵı˶Ѿˡ
ʵҲȫ֤
ʸ۵Ứæ˰οѹòҲûϵأ˸˵ʲôġ
Ȼǰοǻʸȴ̲סˣˮٴλ㲻ôªôġ
۵òУæΪ᣺ôأÿˣôÿ
ʸȴЩ޷һӶЩª˰̣һ뵽Щһֻ춼Ҫˡ
۵˳ĺ󱳣֣ȶͿҩҪһʱ֮ûʲôдŻȥ취ҽȺһа취ġ
֪ŮӶλҪ˵ƤǶʱҶҪըˡ
ֵܵģΪһŮӣ˿ű޴𷣣˵ʮ顣
޷˰Ҳʮ⡣
šʸƲֵĵ˵ͷ
ûһ𣺡գʸС㣬óԷˡ
һ죬ҲĻʸֵ壬Ӧһá
Ŵ򿪵ʱͽĲŶˮ
ʺյ·ȻɫĴСѾ˳ȥС½ҡ
ȵˮֻ꣬ȥúݸ裬Ļڰ֣û£ȥɡ
ǡת뿪
ʸֻڸ翴Լ˵Ϣһϴ衣
áʸӦһ粢ȫߣһ£ֻĻ
ոϴ裬ֱ죬ȥŴ򿪣ѾǾͶɫζȫŽˡ
ռʸж㣬ֱϡ
ԭ˷ȥιӵĸ״ĬĬߵʸߣ¹Ҳ̫ˡ
Ӷ˳ôԼţ
ȻţǸҲû˵
վţʸֶЦЦɡ
հٺˣſѻվԱߣ԰վڸ
㲻ǡû뷨ǼѻվԵ
ڻʸԱߣãҸôʲô
̲ס˸һۣ֮ǰֺͰܸҲǼвˣǶϰߣԾһ߳Էȥˡ
ֵѾߣҲ˵ʲô
ϾƯʳյʳһӱ
ŰƯͬˮϷĺ㣬ֱӿӰβ۶Ūþûˡ
״죬ʶ˵ȴյһ۶ʱ
հβϵӰæŵʸƻָβ͵Ƚۣ´
ʸּԼʱоһָռһ齴֭Ũı㣺á
Էģǿģֱͷԡ
ζĴǰպͻʸ۵໥ӣ˴˼вˡ
Ȼʸע⵽ǰĽɫʱѾֻʣһˣ໣ſǸһûԣ
ǽУʸֺиһӶûסЦ
Ҳһи㡣
ۣɿڣǾ̫ˣһﱾֻ
ӹ̲סԹƲƲ죺ԡ
ʸֻûڣ̲סˣС㣬Сˣʳʹ֮԰ɡ
Ļʱһ£𣿡
Ҳġ
˵ˣֲɽǿˮιͶι





58 
ˡ
ʸֿƲֵӣͲµʲôˣǿ˵Ҳûʲôܹžͺˡ
ѾɥӣҲµʱ˿϶ûʲôö
Уղʸδؾͻᣬǲ˵գʸС㣬Ρϵģ
ԣҲĿˣǺĹâ
ʸֺͬʱɫһ죬ɤӣֱӺŪȻ˰
ϻðɻı顣
ռ״ЦЦָһ鼦⣺ԷԷ
˵ָ꣬ʸּһ⡣
ʸּ˵ҲͷŷôϵģȻ빲ʱ鲻Խأ
극ûлȥ˼ǺʶȤԼˡ
ְѻʸͻشϣССͷڴǰĽŵ϶ʱüԺСøȥɡ
⡭һֱ˯Ӵǰҹĸһ£ʶӡ
յ˼ʸֶʱ˼֣
С˵ʲôʲô˵Ļҵ˼ǣҪһ֪𣿡
ǣūˡʱһæӦ
ûΪԼͷԼǼĶͣϲӲˡ
ľպá
뿪֮ǰ˵С㣬ū澰СѾţʲôҪܷԸ
֪СڽԼ룬ûоܾİţаɡ
ҲΪԼûźˣֻҪڷ˯ǸϴľС
Ӧָ񣺡ū澾ˡ
ȥɡյͷһƨ˻ʸֵĴϡ
ˣų鴤ǵͷ˳䡣
ʸϰմֵľٶְѱƿŲһЩ
ѵºҲɵʸߡ
оⴲִͬʱʮȻĲסĺ󱳣Ϣɲٺˡ
ʸԲ˵һ£Լϲýֱɺˣ
ϲýֲҲϲ𣿶ҵͷ˻ոƤһ£һѸ첲ڲʱʵˡ
ֹԹ˵˵ӻûָأҪϢ
Ҳոã֪ˣʱɽҲû
ţֲ˼ˡ
ʸָֺסʮָۣôء
ҪúϢһס֡°Ͳ˲ͷ֣˵
ʸҲֲһ˵̰Ҫ˵ǶвԵġ
֪άԼ̲ס¶Ц⣺Ǻãˣ˯ɡ
áʸִӦһ˳ӵı˫ۡ
ܰķΧУҲ˯ȥ
֪˶ãպȻ۾
ݶϸ΢죬иһĨɱ⡣
ֲŸձȻЩ˾ôȲô
ţرʸס֡
ʸֱĶѣı飬˵ʲôվסѹ͵˵ˣȥ
ʸֶʱ˼˵ͷ
СĴӴ򿪷ţȻſڵСѾ߲֪ʲôʱѾ˵ϡ
һԾݶͿһųĺݶĽƬ
״ղõۣҲһƬֱӹЮȥ
ƿ˻عͷͱһźںĶӭ汩ֱӱ޴ײɳȥ䵽˵ϡ
죬ԺܵĻȫ䱸ܳѺΧס
ֻԹ죬عͱм˲ϡ
Ϊ׵Ļһٸˣץ̿ͺע⵽ݶϵգʱȭ񣺡лҵʧְ
Щʵڲ֪˵ʲôֱԾݶ
Ҳѣ·ûþͼҴҵ˳ʱڷŻʸ֡
ջżʵʲôС㣿
ҡҡͷ۵ǵĻʸ˵ûˣ˱ץסˡ
ʸԵ˵ͷǵĿˣ
ոоԼСƣæҡͷôܣ
صߣ̲סƲƲ죺ȥ˯
˻ףҲæū澸ˡ
ʱѾʲôҲֻ˵һαŻʸֽ硣
ڶ˯ѺһȺѾ룬Ҫźʸϴ
Ѿ߿ʱʸʶ뵽մ׾ѬӾܾ
տѾǵּ̣ʸֿԼЩεӡ
뵽ԼС趼ԼϴϴͷδؾͻᣬǴչȥСЦ
ֻ֣Ҫ·ԡϰߵǡ
ڻĻʸһ죬˵ͷá
ѾǷţӻ˸ʸ֣Ȼ󻹼ãóϸĨϵӡ
ֻǼϴˢͷһθоʲôвࡣ





59 ܳԵ
ҲûᣬֻǸ̾ѹֵôô
ʱֶһţ黨ˮС㣬֡
СȻѾ׼ˣҲûп
һѾҲӹһƣС㣬ū澸ͷ
˳ֿȥղע⵽ղѾǾȻְһױ̨ҾڻʸԱߡ
Ѿץץͷ˸βҡͷͲ˰ɣҲϲôӵķ١
ʵϲôͷڼλͷÿӱѽѵһ¾ȸ硣
Ծ͵ܰͷȫ¾ˡ
˿ӵɫԷʹ˸ɫЦ˵мأСġ
ûʸ͵ֻǿˣԼҲһ˵ӣǵͷǺðɡ
Ѿߵʮ־ɣָ֮ʣ͸һ˧İ١
߱˾µıӣϹ˼Сɾµķ˺ÿ״䵽һá
żһķ٣һ۾ˣⷢٺĺѾ
ʸֿϵľ·ҲЦˣǾޣֺʵղһʼЩжٵ𣿡
뵽ӳ㣬ϴͷʱûô˳ͷЩ˼ЦЦҪأЩ̫ˡ
ʸԵ˵ͷ˻ŸӺÿѾ߸ķ١
ŶҲûоܾܹһ⡣
ҲЦŴȤСӢˬʲôٶǼġ
Ȼ˿װСⷢһᣬŶСÿأ
ձЩִչȥѾ߸ʸͷ
ʸҪѾҲֻǸ££㷢ûȫ
ڼ䣬ʸֵһֱƨɶûжһ£Ѿ߾͸ʰ׵ˡ
˺ܳʱϴˣѾеǰźˡ
һǾݳޣһʮС˵ģտۻҡ
ôܳԵ𣿡ôɫζȫţ̲סʵ
ôˣ϶ŲˣﻹվŲѾߣѾ̣̬ׯĶŷŲµĲվһԺš
һ߰Ūһ߻ش𣺡ζˣӵĲʳϸ涨ģŶʮʮʮ
˵ŸЦһ£ЩӵȻܶԣҲܳԵ꣬ʣµ͸ūūҲĶˡ
Ļ𾪵ĵɴ۾ʸ֣һֱ𣿡
ʸֱȵı鿴е㲻˼ͷʼҹˡ
Ȼǻ壬֮Ҳڻ壬⻹ֻĻʳ׼
ҲһŶۣǼ׾ݣǲܳ谮һжۿۡ
ֻǵͷȻҲܵ˲Сĳ
ʱԺʶֳЩʳ²ģ
˼ĲྐྵȻ֮
͵ʱ򣬹Ȼ͸˵ʸθڲ󣬼£ʳҲá
ֻǳĵˣÿֻһھͷ˿ӡ
ռ״Ҳ׿ӵ뷨ٶһ㣺ⲻϻˣҪһ㡣
˵Ҩһ⿵ʮۻŵ
Ҳ֪ⶫôģֵֻڼóԹóԣոоڳһ
áʸȻûʲôθڣǱҲһЩ
Ա߿ο̲ס˵Са취֮ǰūôôȰӶԸһЩأ
Ļ̲סǣһ𣿡
˵̲ס㿿ʸߣ˵ǰ֣
С飬ʸ̲סݸЦأ

ˡ
ƾôԣһӷ˶ûԵ֮һѾǰѲ̶˳ȥҲپˡ
Ҳ˷ˡ
ţѾֶ˽ӣǷˮ
гɿڳɻװڽˮҲûпŲȲ˸ʸ֣˿ԡ
ˣǲԣҲˡ
һȥϤȴİζﱬ֭ˮḻĲǺ
ʸеǺֹѣСЩ
šյͷĿŲϹ΢ơ֭ˮɻʵʲôóԹĸо
ˮѾߴͳһɫԵɫѣش𣺡С㣬ǽҡ
гָһָ೤ˮǾȣҰûеҿ
ǡСѾ߸˳ȥ
Ѿ߳ȥ󣬻ʸҲǳЦʵϲ𣿡
ϹˮרҺãܶ϶ǰ϶ûгԹġ
ͷϲģѽǰԹӺóԶˣ
֪ϲԶôϲʸҲ䴽һЦǽҳʱϲٶЩ
᲻̫鷳˰ҪͣЩԥ





60 ϲ
ôأʸҡͷ˸һۡ
ᣬ΢΢˸
ʱȥӵѾֶ̽Ǽȭͷӡ
ɫƱƤ΢΢źεĴӣʵЩˡ
һϵë׵ʮ̤ʵ󣡷أ
ʸţӵĶ֪뵽ʲôɫҲЩ죬СѾ˵ȥԷһЩɡ
ǡѾ߹
ԷպסĵطĻվ֪Ҫͼԣ˵Ҵллˡ
һ仰ûʸֿ˼вζţ
ʱ´һ£ûûУãǲǾǰݼڰ
һ˵һ߷ȥϴȻ̵Ĵյʸߡ
ʶȤǲѾߣµĹϷš
ʸֻţʱֱסЩĵ˵ѣҲҵĺѣҵˣܴлҡ
á֪֡ձ˵һȣҲļԴ
ͷʱü͸ƣ룬ַȥϢɣоǳԸŶԵúˡ
šʸֵͷʱֱסĲӣεı͵ϡ
뵽ϻûҩҩʸֵ˰˿ڲҩŸ£ѣ¡
º󣬻ʸץûзſ
Ϊҩ֮һ˫Ư۾Щ룬ҲЩģܾ𣿡
ϰ˯˯߶һ뵽տܻȥ飬ʸľͿʼʧ
˵ģѵԴȻ˯ɣҾڴĻý
šĻʸ㰲ĵر˫ۡ
ȵǳƽȣղβϥķھھѨ
һߣʸ˸ӻеɻ󣬿ǿǱȭͷ󣬽ӲӵĴʱҲǾˡ
漴̾ǻʸС㣬ԵӶô󣡡
ҹǸС㣬Ҳܷĺܶࡣ
ôһֱһˣҲϤ˺̲ܶ࣬ס̧°͵⿪ڣأҿǹƷֻлʹõģǲϲԣȥ͸̾޼֣ҲǺصĺˡ
ûоöԷƲеֱһƸϣԱӲЦ˵
ҴɵöǻʹԵĶʲôζ
Ļøʱɫһæҡͷū澿ɲǣմҼӵĹ⣬ҳԹ
״ֻЦһ£ӹȥϴϴͿ
˵ֻлʹõĶһڵζ˾޲ѡ
Ÿվߣֿ˵ҲѽôҲԲġ
ζͲˣȻӴûǼԵôҲ̲סʿˮǾллˡ
лŶݵգû֮ǰԲཱུӿɰһ㡣
һңһ͸оˣְֺͰܸһ˷һʣµĴٳԡ
磬ʸ˯ѣչȻߴ
Ҳû˽źֻᷭſ毺ðӡ
ڵüëƯ׵ͥ޽ɢϸ
иͦµǣ촽ԽԽϲ޲ôսǼ¡
书Ҳ֪ʱɻ䱻˴һ⣬߻ħ
ԶպľٶǸжġ
ʮãҲرġ
ջͿʸſԼԱ˸ĿԼˣʲôʱˣˣ
ˣʸֲŲſﱧסʱˣδ
˰ɣԴֻһͿ
ȷʵеʸͷһ㣬øǰɡ
ղŸǱֹˡ
ãһ¡յͷ´
緹ȻӷʢۻҵͬʱҲ˶ӳԡ
Լӣʸ֪ԸأҪҪóǱ߼һЩɫ
ϣոɴ˽ô࣬һ˫ˡ
һʼļʮ̲Ҳ𾪣ʸÿʱԷе㲻˼
ȴҪ
֮һʱ䣬նŻʸˣҲˣ⽿ĴСԽԽճˡ
ϲϲ
ûʲô£ÿ˳Էʱȥˣȥ¼Ѳӡ
ֻߴŰֻǰܸȥϿûʲôʵĹ
磬ܸա
ŰܸϿԼдŵĺˬӢˣѾǼֲˡ
ܸݺλ˴񣺡С㣬ӡ
ΪʸֵĽ͸ǵĳƺֺͰܸʮĸűͨԼӽӣӵ˽С㡣
ͺˡ
þûܸЩɻʵôˣʲô𣿡
ܸͷ˵СͽùˣūҪҪȥԷ





61 أ
ûеһʱش𣬶ǿʸ˵ҪҪȥߣþûȥ͸͸ȥԷתתô
ʸֵȻܾΪһʱԼ뷨ģ̲ס¶Цݣá
ӦղŶ԰ܸ˵Ƕˣ˰ζйǰȥǼҳԷҲúûһ¡
˵ֲˣȥЩþƻ
ǣū֪ˡİţֹܸ
ߺմŻʸְһڣ֣Ұ㻻·ȥô
ദÿʱỵ̈ڼ¶Ļʸֵ˵ͷأ
Ϊʸֵ·̫ҲףԻø·á
ŻʸʾǱ㴩»Σ
ʸü׼Щıǡ
˵̫ȷʵˣǺһСۣ̫ˣǻԵø롣
ǡʱ˼֮ȥһ޴峤ȹ˳䡣
Źغúմ˴֣ʸ¶аЦݣٺٺ٣ļҵС˿Σñú㣡
ձаЦûʸηգٿЩˡ
˵ʱ䣬ģÿ춼ǷһмİԣһЩֵֹĻӻ
նЩ鰮ĻӲȤϲЩʿר
ؼϲϵĻʲô·ƽεڡ
Сӣǳ˳Ҳɲҵָɽˡ
ʱԭͿʻõգԽå竵ѧ˸ʮʮġ
æҡͷ˼ѽִˣһ£
˵ţֱ˺ݺ˼ڡ
ʸֺЦ֣ȥϷʲô˵
ֻȴֻһ£ϾԹ⣬ʱʸרˣҲûҺ
ӱڻ̲סԳŶԷĲӾǲһǡ
ʸָоҲĳȣҲš
ԽԽ֯ĺԽ٣ֱһ˴ᱧ齡
ûߵߣʸֵĴȥ
ֶ鲻ѣº󼱲͵İȥԷ϶Ǹֵڷɽ˱
ʸֱԴ鲻Խﳤ˲ӣҲӡ
˰죬ûȵλӽǽȥױһЩֵֹ
Ȼ˽⣬ֱѾ˿ˡ
⸣֪ڵĴжãֻʱʱصĴϢŽĵĵƭĵ
ʲô̧Щϲϲ治Ļ࣬ȴֲ뿪˲СĴ롣
絽Ķͣˡ
ʱ۴ĿԺӣ޶۴ʱҲλڸˡ
һʼĺ߼ľģʼţñ֪
챻紵֮ǰڿˡ
տſڸʯһĸҲеΣǸղ˯ˣ׼ˮԡ
ͰҵɵӰɣҲҶ˵ʲôֻá
ֻ˷䡣
ϳδˣĻʸƣڱ
ֽߵ΢Ц
ů߹ȥһסһ£۲ۣҸɣ
֮ǰɽʱŪúȾͻᷢܣҪࡣ
ʸҡҡͷϰſůĻߺȺˣ͸Ҹˡ
е㲻Ļ̲סЦ˵˵֮ǰҵȶβа˵ǲ֣
ҪΣÿ죬ʸֶʱСһС죺
ʱѾˮ͸翴æµӰһջĿ⣬ͷʸֵգǻҲһ˵Ļ
ߡ⻹࣡ʸֶʱˣ˵
ϴʱֱһ˴Ͱ˸Խʱ򣬲ɱǲ
Ǽϻ£ҲֻǼ򵥽˽ʡ
ȳԡͰĳƻע˹ĴѲŰ˳
Ȼëϸõϵˮ飬ĳȻ̵ĸŴĵĺɫǶ͡
˸飬ûҵӣףôûпӣ
ʸİõŰ˵ź̵ĿΪԼæµԿľװĬһ£ǵĻһֻڲŻᴩ޿ġ
ˣǲôţ
ʸ죬Ȼ֪ҪôشָָԱӵĶ˵µġ
ֻпͷûпɣŵĿţ²ŻȻ򣺡Ҿ˵һӾ׵ˡ
˵ʸҲ뵽챻ᱡӣȻҲ֪ǹġ
ŪǵĴţվᵫأֻпͷͿȣмǰͿŵ¡
е޷⣺ƨɳŰ





62 ȥ
ʸֱڵĻ˵еߣûйƨɣ
Ҳ֪ΪθŮӶԴΪܣԴųߵŮӶΪֱ޾ء
ֻ֪ڸŵĸУŮ˴ϿȷǼ䲻ͳ֮£Ǵֱɺûǹصµ˲Żġ
ƽߣܱѾ֮˿
ְëնʱ㬱죬Թ԰ﰮ˻ѡ
Χȹӵʱյû뿪ʸֵβ֣⿴Żͦɫģ
ֱŵһֺۣõ˵ա
ȵʰ춼ҪˣָϽ˸ʸͷױ
һڣ˴ŸҲˣʸֽϵȻָúܺãǱϾһ£·һȳһյġ
Ը׼˽Ҳ׼ˣǱվܾˣ͸ڻʸš
һֱԼϣʸ־֪ʲôЩһ¡
ԴҲֻǳһЦ
Ա߸ŵĸ˵ı顣
Է洫ĻЦˡ
ѻʸַ󣬴˻˽ȥ
СԺͰܸһԵһʱ䷢ˣսˣƯҲ
šü䣬ɰСãҲЦŵͷŵĻʵô໨𣿡
Сҡͷأ˵γһл׾ƣûһģ˵˾أ
ĻջȻĵͷԭ
Żʸֵļ˵Ưջʸֽͺˡ
ţСɵͷĳʸִкֽá
áʸֺЦЦӦһ
Ҳ̸Щ飬ŴӿҲЦˣˣ׼Էˡ
ŶյͷŻʸֽȥ
Ϊ죬С˲ֲ֪״Ҳĵʵֽ𣿡
ţһСˡʸ˵Լеܣͷ
յ룬жʱǾԲŵġ
ղ˼ֻǼºȻ䣬
ʸֻǳ¶һµЦݡ
Էʱָʸֽһˡ
ζ˶Իʸӡ̣ΪбץŮӵԸңҲ˺ˡ
Щ˷·ͺгһһҪļơ
żϤףʸϿȴҪܡ
Щһͬ빲ŮӣǼ֤ԼôѿˣĲټġ
ǡ
մ֣üЦģǲԸΪЩС¶ˡ
ԷʱһȺ˶ʮԴãóĺþơ
СͻʸִҶʼƱյ
ֵȣ˹ŵĻʸ־ԵЩ롣
Ա߿ţҲʱһθоԼӺǵĲ𣬶ʱ
Ŷׯ߹ӣգ뵽ӵĻһֱ
ȻæŸѺȾ죬ҲûԼˣԷȾƵʱϲĲˣĵغԼڡ
ζ˶˼ĹϵѾͬͨѵˡ
ʸֳԱֵʵ޲ģҪҪȻȥˣ
ʸͷ¶ƣţеˡ
һ磬ȷʵˡ
Ҳ֪ӽƻûȫָ˵ȥϢ
ʸ֮⣬Ҳ֪δˣʮ˵һȥͺãȺǾ۾۰ɣڷ㡣
ĵԥʸЦЦ·ûµġ
˵Ҳͷãչ˺ӡ
ū澻ġĶ΢΢һ
ʸҪߣҲվ
ֱӰϽȻԷԴҺܿ
ءʸҲ΢΢һЦĵͷ
Ŀ뿪ղֻصϡ
Ȼû뵽߳ȥõĻʸɫͻȻһ䣬̧εԸȥ
ǡηǱүȻĻת˻ȥ
֪书ǿʵ֮ϣʮֶµķ˽Ų
Ժһ˲֪ʸȥ
С죬ʸ̲֮ס˵ʸʱòѽЩ˶ˣҺսǼʱ֡
СĻҲ̲ס˵ѽʱǶΪʸŲȥأ
ʱľǼ˵ıجΣÿÿ𣬶һͷƤ飬Ŀ־塣
ʸ֣ǹȻڱЩƯüͷʱһ˿ᷳ
ǵĻҲ뵽ʱʸʱѪʪģһĶʱ
̲ס֪ʱӦðɹӲźã
һ뵽Ϊһ˰̽ǣʱʱĨĳվͺ޵





63 ̯ӣ
֪ΪʸۣҲ˵һжȥˣЩضûˣǱЧô
˵Ҳ̲ס̾һʱ䣬ЧǺܺˣΪѹء
ô𣿡ζҲʵ
Сȴ뵽ǲǻʸ㵱ʱ˵̫˰ˣŮǰѹֻʸһֱǲϲأ
Ҳ뵽ˣһ뵽ʸֵʱĲ״Ҳ̲ס̾Ϣ£ʸܻѾǼõˡ
˶٣ʶѹҿЩˣǱȥģδ˭ʸǰ㱻޴
ʸҲ̫ˣһץȥͰЩùѪͷأ᲻ǼǺˣ˵Сַ߷߲ƽ
˷ӣû˶ˣ
ۣʱĿԼӣ㿴ָ߬
ŷ߷߲ƽļˣ֪ʲôҲ˵Ǵ˼ҵǧС㣬ԸƢԭӦòô򵥡
⻰ȴҲ𵱳ĽţάĺýЦŴȤǳ׻ˣôڸоΣ
üŪۣЦҲ˼ЦˣǼõġ
仰һζԣҲԸоԼá
ôôˣΪʲô˵ѽСҲʱ治ѵĴչȥʵ
ֻЦƱȾƺȾƣȻû˹ӵľ˳Ҳܲġ
һֱ岻ϻҲлῪڣǺܲ
һһ˵լ콨ˣ㲻˵¹ùǻ𣿵ʱ¹ù취ܰʸСġ
Ļʸһӽ¹ùáĸ
Ҫ֪ˣ᲻᲻ͬǵ£
ҲЦˣԤƵʱҪҲ·ˡ
ղǿˣһӽլĻػû޺أϽǵԺҲһЩ
ؼǣôûҵʵĻƣֻںСǴӣһòǺܺá
Ҫǲù֪Լôֱֻһ᲻ˡ
յʼ磺û°ԺǽŪˣ޾ˣֻҲ˭֪ʲôʱأٵʮɣҪǻûҾͻȥʡ
ҪȥʣֲʵΪβֱдأ
ҡҡͷȽƫԶŵˡ
ԭĽͣҲĵͷһЩ¡
ʸּûἰԼ΢΢̧̧ʾ뿪
ûãȵеͷҲǸǡ
͵ſڣ£ֱڸ̯λЩʳΣ
̯ӣΪʲô뿪ջֲʵ
̾˿̫ˣӴ򲻺ãҲСŪ̯ӵĻЩСʳȥӦЩ롣
ȴͬǿ̸ȥ̯Ļ紵ɹĶడ
̵ĻҪܶǮġ
֮ǰζûǧ˰Ūġ
ձ˵ǶС£뵽ԼҲûʲôǮԼǵǮÿջѵģʱҲ̲סе㼱ˡ
˼ã˵ȱ𼱣취
á֪ԸԼ࣬Ҳûкܼ֡
䣬վϢԼȥԷ
ʸѾ£ʱڴϿ顣
Թ߲谵Ż޵Ĳ΢΢ɢ㷢Խĵģ
ﷺһĭİȻֻðĲѡ
ԾŻ̧˹ȥŲʸҲ̧ͷҲ¶Цˣ
ţڿʲôأӦһԱʵ
ʸְ鷭һ֡
šŮ䡷֣ƲƲ죬£ôѽ
Ȿ֮ǰҲһʲôŮǫ˳Ӿͺ޲ð˺ˡ
ʲôŮһܴʮôˣ˳ӣ
е㡣⸱ģʸûסЦˣŨľԾüȶûУ
Ȼûеġҡҡͷ뵽ʲô˵һζҲѬѽȥԡ¡
˵ûʸȻվЩĿԼһζòɡ
ʸʵ˵еѬˣôأյҲġ
նʱˣͬʱҲЩЦãҲſЦ˵Ҫǵˣֱס𣿡
ʸ룬ĿȰϴɾٱ𣿡
ܣվҲñţ˵ղĵİϣȻȥϣͷϺҲš
ʸֱòӷЦסļ֪ȶҲ棬˳ĺ󱳣ãš





64 
նʱ⣬һ£⻹࣬ȻҸ˵
ʸָоԼ񱻾Ѭ˼⣬ֻǵǸ֫ٺɢ֮⣬̲סյôأ
ˮ˫ۣӺӣҲ鲻Խ˿ڿˮḧӣ벻ԣ
ʸҲ˫۴΢΢
һ仰˲ȼΪ˼ƶصֱӻǺݺȥ
ʸΪά͹ĶǻҲ¶ȥ֮ǰеɬɪӵǲࡣ
Ҳʸֽ飬ֽĻ֮ΪΪ
һ󣬻ʸȫֺ̱û͹ֱձϣܼȵھǣж¡
ţ˫ֻʸյļ򣬳ݼ䲻סϡĵ
յϷԴڰ˵ѩ׼䣺֣֡ҵĺ֡
ţڣأʸֱյԴһӦʹ˷Ļϧ۰ĸԴͺ󱳡
ֹãʸеֲסĽʱֻ÷·翵ƶ֮һ㡣
˱ˮι£ѱַڴϽѹȥ
͸֧Ļʸֶʱһæסյĳصץֱסɳƶˣգʱ䲻ˣЪϢˣ
ʳ֪ζճ֣סԽԽ£֣һҪ
ʸְʯͷԼĽţֻᡣ
ǡ춼˰
ȻɽҲûйһҹģʱչ˼ƣỺͬͷϸꡣ
ÿ϶Ҳûʲô
ҹΪƾȻҲûзĶʹ󵨵İŪʵмܲסˡ
ȻտûֺݺݾһҲ˿ûƣű۾Ļʸȥԡϴ
Ÿ˰̵İۣϧѵĵͷǣǵû˯Ļʸ˲һˡ
״ֱӾЦˣۣô°
ҳЦԼʸֱ̧˵ֵģ
Ҳû£ֻſſ̲סƶ죺ȷʵˣ˶ûˡ
˵ţץŻʸֵõǡ
ʵһеκģԡͰŸоˣԿűԼԲһ޵Ҳʮֹⲻȥ
źߡʸֿˮƣĸоֱ˫ۡ
ȴֿ˵ȱ˯Ե㶫ٺúϢ
Ǻѽʸ۾ҪˣĻֻǺĻشһ䡣
ռ״ֿϴ˵壬ȻŻʸֻصϣŴŶĸ˵𣿡
ڣԹѵĿеġ
ձЩΣڨЦ˵
ǡӦһȥࡣ
ִӹ̣ȻŹˡ
صߣʸѾ˯š
Ϊĸ׽̻壬֪ŶӵĻջĥӲݰŪѣιСȥ
ʸ˯ܺãҲûʲôȻǰι꣬Ȼſջ˯ȥ
ոϱ̺Ա߳ճյؿá
ֱӷһŻع뿪䡣
棬ţֽҴȥһ£غӣһġ
ǡʵСҪˣ
ðɡΪʸ˯ˣձǴԷԵġ
ǸҲ׼ˣԾûоܾ
극վʹ뿪
ҪˣԥõĸڹС㡣
ôˣͣ½ŲɻĿ
ҧҧΪ˵С㣬ū֪Ӹܺãϰ֮ˣǿ׳
С㣬ӽܲġЩ
˵Щ˺ƻһ̧ͷ
Ļ⣬˼Ŀ֪ˡ
ȷʵӽ취ǿ׳һ㡣
ֶԸ˵غ
ǡڰĻ˵ڣ˿ĸҲˡ
գ뿪ԷȥԷҵ
һϡ
·ϣո˵Լ뷨
ЩǵĿ˼Ҫ׬Ǯ𣿡





65 ͻʳ
ȴԽ͵ʮԣʲôеģһҴϻõͽƽ֣ⲻȰ̯Ǯѽ
ʱ˵ǮٿջΪܸͰֶʱ䣬ǰæǡ
˵ʵȥҲûϵܴ򣬵ʱֱǮǡ
ǴСһ𳤴ҪЩ
ҲΪСһ𳤴Ҳ˽ӡ
ԼãҲҪԼãԼ渶ԲŻ˵
ȻյĻҲ۾һǸϽȥ
ֱ˵Ĳ͵ǮȷʵȰ̯Ӷˣ
ܿ죬˳˺·˹ٸʾĵط
ٸԱߣһӣйٲš
տ϶ʶٲǹٲʶյģ¹Ұ𣿡
յͷ۾Ź汮ϵֽţֻ飬ȫһЩë֮¡
ʲôţѰ˭ʧˣĳĳĸţ֡
ʱ򣬹ٲָָұߵһŶϸźӡֽ¹Σ
պ˳ָĵطȥͿдŻ䱦ؽл
ӣٲֽ͵һ㶼ھֲŻӵģΪ·;ңԶɽ࣬ھ˶󣬲ɽᡣ
¹ո߳һܿԵġ
ΪؽлֶĶţ·;ңԶԥһ£жԶ
ٲҡҡͷҾͲˣԸĻŸʾȥѯһ¡
Ը˵ˣͿһٲһֽҴ
գʱ۾ˣ¹ڰã㿴
˵ţܵǰһźͷֽ
սӹһͿϼжʳˣؽѰԻһֱдһͽ
ֱ֮Ӱֽ˹Ҫˣ
ԱŸʾĹٲ״˵¹Ǽһ£һ㣬˸ʾǲɿҪܷġ
һЩС¶ǷЩǮֹغĴҪǱˣٵ÷ʮأ
УһʱͷڹٲָдԼֺլλá
Ǽǵʱ򣬹ٲָָһհ׵ĵطʵΪٸͽˣֻżҰأ
ʲô𣿡ʵ
ٲָ͵ǹٸãôǽʲôͻֱ֪ͨÿбɵ񣬳ͽ𣬻һʹ̶Ӷ
㲻ᰳȥ˱𴦣Ҳȥùƣ볬һ²õӶʱҰ񣬱ûӶֻͽ𡣡
ʵֵͷǴСã뵱ͷٲ뼮ס
εʿûʸΪְԱġ
ǻȥɡֻǵ˵ͷȥ˼ϧǺԵʡ
Ϻͷִλþͻȥǣýˡ
ϲһѪĸоԴⰲŵ
Լһװ룬ԼָͷмţƤҲз
ҲˣڣȻϰãҲѾʹˡ
֮ǰȥԷһ»ʸ֣˯ֺ͸˵һųš
ϼʮĻܿܵˡ
СҲʮָףٱ£պǸоˬ
˶̫·ʱʸҲ˯ˡ
۵ĵһʱ䣬ͿʼĴѰյӰſķﲢûİ֮ˣʸֵı͹¶
Ӵ𣬵һ
ŽȥƹǰˣҪˣ
ʸҡҡͷأ
ĵģСĽͣС˵뿪һ˵˸ͰҪȥʮϼԻū澸صǣܿ
ĻʸֶʱɫһôȥӰˣ
⡭Ƭ̣˵ǰĴѰһƣûǮˡ
֪֮ЩС顣
Ϊӵڶʧ٣һʱ޷ײǽԲлʱɵ»
һѰӺСʱͳΪ˺ѡ
ʱʱҲƲҵ¡
ĻʸϲԣȴЩʧ䡣
֪ԼǮҲ֪ԼȫýʳΪʲôҪȥսͰأ
ѵվô
ţʸĬĬ˫ȣ°ͷ˺˼С
һߣպҲϼ塣
Ǵ죬ҲǴģǴȴҼŻա
˿ЩӴ˹ֻһ֮ʾĽлʣǱס˿ڱǡ
պһ˼ţã𣿡
ǻ˼Һܿ৵Ĵ򿪷š
һɫ㲵긾Ůվſɫ˲һ䣬æּ˵
Һû£ļҵݣ𣿣Ҹ˵Ǵһֻ˵ͻɲˣ
Ů˵ĹĺҲ٣ҲһЦãǾΪͻ֪ںδ𣿡
Ļ긾ŮһŵĿ۵ĹС˵ʲôΪͻ
պͷ˵ǣǴּе˵ɲаᣬ֪Ƕж
뵽յĲ̻棬Ůµ˵հ˷ʱڳˣһ˶еֻʣ¹ͷˣʮ׳Χµһӡ
Ϊ˾Ǹӣʮ˶ҧץˣСôܶùѽ





66 ͻʳ2
λżȰ˵ӿһ˿ůɫҲŽ͵
ӲõģλֿĿǰǿһսɱʮֻǣһֻͻΪ塣
Ļ긾Ů¶𾪵ı飺桭ô
Ҳ΢΢һЦĳӣǲֻΪ׬Щˡ
ҲݳԼòĹӣſ
ŮЩɵĽӹӣӵĳزû
һǿˡ
Ǿȵı飬˵ǾǶ֮ˣ治֪ģ
Ů˼ģҲͷ˵ҼǵãǶ޵źӺɽˣɽһɽ֪ǲסˡ
鷢ʱɷҲȥˣ˵ץˣڻûѹ
ҺӶǴǱߣﲻҪչɷԺӻ󲮼
ָһɽķȻŵл뿪
ϼһɽɽţӱɽ͵ɽ֣Բﶼ̡
ɽ̲ס˵˵޶ɽ֮Уֵط޳ֺҲ֡
ţȥҰɡյ˵ͷ˵
˳Ůָķ˽ɽ˵ɽС˺ܿҵ
ɽ滹ƾɵľͷӣƬֺ˵ź˾סĺۼ
ҲϿɵĵͷţҪȥ𣿡
ҪġȻҪȥֶɽŲСҪһЩ
š
˵䣬˾ɽ档
Լ׸ߣ߰׿ɽ˺ԥ˽ȥ
ΪںܴԶڹҲϣұ߽ȥĽ䣬һȥС
СԼһ˸ߣڲڣͷ֪Զֻڿʱϸ΢
ŻŲ߹ȥͿֻƹСèСʳһ塣
һĻʱʧǱߵĺӣ
ĿȫǵΣҲ߰ĺӣлһĨŭɫ
ʱһɺӽŵ״һȫ䱸Ա˿
𣡡һ׵Ҳɫʰ쵵Ӱ
ֻһͷͻӶлһ˶ߣ峤ӽף˺ڻƣͭ۾˸Ŷ񶾵Ĺâݵ˫۽ضˡ
ͷһο޴ޣղûе£ȫѪȸԾԵļȴЩ£ʶս˹ӡ
ͻǰСԼ£Ѫſ¶ż絶в
ɺ̵ĳݣҺ˳ǵ䣬ݷ仹ܿѪ⣬ʮֺˡ
׳֫ʮֽ׳ÿһ̤¶֮ױȵϺѪɱ
Ҳ׼ãͻʱֱӭϣݵķӦļӳ£˫ץסǱԼСȻֵצ˦ɡ
һغϾͱ˦ǽϵͻܿŶԷĿж˼Сľ衣
մʱ˷쳣Ϊֱӳȥ
ͻԼϱƣҲһȥ
ǰٶȼ죬պͱһȵðǡ
ֱͣýӮˣҲ˷ܵź
ʱϴһʹͷһȻһֻССϻҧ
Сϻݲǵĸʵ̫һ߷ɡ
סĳͻ״˲ñ꣬ҧ
ռ״ͷһҲŷϣһƺݺͻͷ
ѵʮͻ˵˲ؼһƬҳ
֮ǰĸ۾ת˳Լ̣﷢ʵı
տһĻĲûжĸдֻߵĸӴǰ㰮ԼĺӣҲΪʳ
ĸûĻΪȻûϢ
ֻ׻ûвĸ׵ĴֻǱ߷֮ίܵĸ׻Ѱοͱӻ
߷ɵ׻ΡΡĺ̡
һʱҲ֪ôֻСϻȻǳˣǿ¶֪ʵЩ²ȥ֡
ֽĿС棺ȥɽ⺢ӵʬױɡ
⺢ңñĸؼҵġ
ͷá
ߺûã⴫ʵ
ü߳ȥ鿴ͿһֻͨɫаɫƣСèΡΡ
Сè˺ۣϸСëѪʪһһϡ
бҧĳݺۣбץ˺ѵ˿ڣߺȹŤţÿһʹĲȴֲиɽ
Сһˣˮ¶ʹ࣬ȴüëɽ밡
ղصһμϿһԣӣһ롣ʳҲ
ǻĵҲǶĺӡͨĸֻ̣żȻҲ̣Ǳ롣
˵ӪСƤĺߡĸ㲻ôӣιҧϡ
𵽶ǳû֮ԱѴ
һıͻἫײС
˵һͬг󣬳óԿҶܲݡʬʯ顢ˮȪϰ˲ϣԼײеҰ޲ɱ
尾ų󣬱ǺʨûΪֻޣеޡ





67 һؼҰ
֮ԼǵôҲΪʱⱾμǵʱ򣬶Աҵһʮͬ顣
ţǰʹȫȴƴȫػС̶壺СֲҪ㣬㻹ʲô
СһƺſǰȻʱŵһȥˤһշСľĿǰľ޴Σա
жļȴŵ棬¶СצӳŶԷ΢ĵͺ
Сȴĵӣ̲סһЦֱӰһؼҰɣûҪҪ㡣
Сһһʼ쳣ңͼҧˡ
ůĻȴôҲ²ȥڣĥŶԷָĸ°
ϼûкƤС˺ȹڽ
ʱСһ﷢˲Ǻֱܿᰲ
ûиܹůŶԷۿʪƺҪģӡĵס
ʱһȺҴҸоиղΪָ·ӡ
ǰһԿ޵˫ۺ׵ޣ໥ţ滹ĸͷ׵ˡ
ڿȻﵹײȻûϢӶŭĳȥ˴ͻʬ塣
ǶԷʵӣǶӡ
۵װϣָָֻСɽ
˺ԥ˹ȥ󱬷ҿ޺
ӣҵĺӰ
ſ޵˺ѷεһˣĸӣƿĿ⿴Ⱥ𼤷߶ϻʬһȺ˿ѣѻƤˡ
ŭȺԺ۾ʣˣ컹ҧӦñǧ𣿡
պܲϲҲǧҲܶģҵƤëһǮ𣿡
ۼҪָ·Ĵվ˵ûλ˵ǣѾˣȥҲᱻƤǣǾͱٴˡ
⼸ȽǵҲЩȽϳСѣǿɱɵ˼Сͺ۸
ôһֻɽûˣһˣСĳԿǣ
˵Ļ˵ǣԹ۵ʱ˼ּɵ
һʱ䣬ɽ˶
ʧȥӵһҲǺͯʬСıŮϧıԼıɺӣֻʣ˱ʣͬ鲻ѡ
ӵĸ׻ʵֻСܷǶ֣Ǹҵĺ
ʶüͷɡ
һ䣬˷˰ֻ׻ֿȭǡ
׻鱬ɽѪϣǱʹȴûиеһ˿ñĿС
ֻ׻ƺҲ˱ߵբʧȥ˵Ĵ׷׷ޣҲĨᡣ
һϴ٣ϻ嵹ʹޣָΪʲôȻôΪʲôŴӣΪʲôҪȥ
ָ·Ĵȷʵɫһ䣺ʹ˵ˣʱҴѾ
ô£ҲĿŶԷ
̾˿ҲҪ⣬Ҳǲ֪֮ǰֽ˴ӡ
ֻȥĴβ٣ֱӳȥҧҵͷˣˡ
ȻʹҲֻǵ˵ͷ
Ͼ˵ʲôˣҵֻ˵ĶѾ
İ£պϻʬɽһţڴ챳ϰϻ˻ȥ
ձڻСһҲ¶ĸ뿪
ȥ·ϣлʵֱСһİ
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ҲҿǲʶûкɫƵСһֻĸ֮һ˿ҲΪֻ̡
ȻȻ˺СһҲú˺ˡ
磬ͻʬǵʱ˵Χۣ
ǻ
ôϻ
˵ϼͻˣû뵽İ
ôϻó˶˰
쿴ȻֻСģ
ս㣡ֵļŮҲϳˡ
˵ۣճţֻ˽ǵʱͷһۡ
İʶġ
ҲΪʲôϻ²ǲǼ˴ġ
ٸſڣٲǾ𾪿ڣô죡
°ͣǮˡ
ԵȣٲȭͷȻȥˡ
ܿʦүͼٲʹҴܳ峵ȻҲֱô󣡡





68 
յͷ˵ֻ̣ÿֻʮҡ
û뵽ȻһѵϻʦүҲͽټʮ
û˶ǮĿĺȸԾ·¶ĳΪͽˡ
ΪⲻƵı꣬Щ˵Ķħһ
ٸͷڼĸʬ壬˰ɻʵ֪ɱޣϾһ˿ڣ
ֻ߹ȥָͷ⡣
ͷһæְѹḧΪͷѶĻͷٴ¶֮ɫ
ڶԱĸС࣬˵ֻҲˣӵļ˴ˡ
ԭˡͷһֵ˵ͷ
ܿٲƱ
սӹƱһʮƱʵôôࣿ
ʦүͣԻͽʣµ֮ǰ˷ѵĽ̫ͣ࣬һֱûʱ͹ȥ
ٸͻ¼ĽҪ׼Բôãû̻ЭԲôһ㡣
ǮҲǰԲû͹ȥ
û뵽ջҲֻǵ˵ͷ
Ʊ󣬶ʦүʵ¹⻢ǴԼŻǴ⻢Ƥɫãëⷢϸûһ˿ˡ
ֻ׻ƤëҪĻһŻƤǼֵǧ𣬼ϻ⻢ǣҲһʲСˡ
ֵʮĶܿ컹ҡͷˣҪ˵ġ
ֿʦүҲƤëܲ鷳ǰŪһ£һ̵ֻΣ
ǵļֵȻ֪ﻹлݵľأ
ֺ£ʦүʱͬ⣺ȻԵģ¹ģ⻢ƤһŪƯƯģ
ƤǮܵܰ׵һֻСѾ׬ˡ
УȰƤˡͬæԼְƤ
Χ۵ȺڱԶͻʬƤëֵǮͿǸúƯСŽ˹ȥ
ʱһ
ôһϻӻӣʹʹƤ룬ɽ»Ƥ
ŻƤ㽻ʦүʱһźɫ縻˳˹ָͷѵ⣺Ѿͷûү
ֻǻû˵꣬Ӵһʹͱ߷ɳȥ
ãĿʲôҲҳ屾ָֻţ
ʦүһͬĿű߷ɵԱ⣬˭λڡ
ٸ˶ԹһţפԴˣеط˵
룬µŲͷǿ첽ȥ˷ҪæһסͣԱ⣬ǿǲ𡣡
Թʿụ̃ԱȻҴҵ󣬵Ҳʮηٸ
εĲͷ˵仰ԱʱҲĿò˵Ůӡ
ƲƲ죬ŹҲ
հѻƤٲ˵ǻղգֻҪҪʮʣµǲҪĻҾֱˡ
һֻʳ˵ͻٶʣµûȥҲûʲôá
ȷŲ˶ãһȥֳһҲˡ
ҪҪҪҪʣµȫҪˣʦүû˵Ա˳
ԭ׼ӣֻľ޻ԸղŲôֱӰΪһš
֪ﲻ𣬵ʣµĻǺͻȻ
տ̬ȼתҲƲƲ죬ûᡣ
ŻԱ⣬ʦүҺǰ˵ˣҪģһʮĻμ۸вͬ¹ԵƬ̡
ϻļֵƣҪļֵɲǮ򵽵ģϻӣǵֵ
ͨȻӴڴԹУǼΪϡ׷֮
ϧĻƤϹȥγһɳ죡
Ȼ뷨ʦүҲֻˡ
ܿ죬ʦүǮٲʼ֫ͻ
ȫֻʣһɫĤĻβ͵Ѫⶼû˷ֺģ̲סޱȵĸ̾տİƤа
Աߵֻʼ磬˱ͶĿ⡣
֫ãձŻСһԼҪĻ⻢Ǻˡ
صվͼҴܵŸ󣬿Ÿſżⲽģʱһ£ôˣ
żĸҲæСܹȥС͵ˣūźҲϳԷСȥȰȰѽ
ֻˣûз飬նʱ˿ֲʵΪʲô
ֻҡҡͷСԼȥɡ





69 뵱
ĻնʱֱӴ򷿼䡣
ʱע⵽ﻹʲô
ʸڴߵϱ˫ȿľɫ
հѻСϣĵ߹ȥʵ֣ôˣ
ʸɫҲƽѣôúõͻȻҪȥҰˣ
ôòŻҲ֪
ĻնʱΪʲôˣҺҪǮ֡
ʸȴͻȻЩɫҪǮѵûΪʲôԸ˵Ҳܸ𣿡
ѹַŭӣȻʮֲ⣬ǽ͵ҵȻ֪Ǯ֣ȻһˣҲܳһڷһˮҪеѽ
֪ģԺҲԼ
ջû˵ͱʸִϣǮ㻹ҶܸǺܺõ뿪껹Ҷܰǣ
˵˿üͷ˵᰸ǶҵģʲôԣΪʲôҪȥҰգ
ձּĻ˵Ҳе㲻ˣǿ԰׵ɫתƻ⣺˵ˣҴʲô
ʱԷͷϣ˵ôìܣǾ˵
ȻҲ֪Ϊʲôֻôˡ
תƻⲻԼʸܵȦ죬һҪˡ
ԵСһҪˣ̾һ¡
˵ţְСһﱧȥǵĸúÿ
ֹ죬Ǹ񣺡ǡ
ֽ꣬˷䣬ϴɾ˷糾͵׺Ū²һƨʸߡ
ŰĴСְԼޣֺЦĨһϵۣ𣿾С»ˣ
ʸֺݺƲͷȥˡ
Ȧס壬°ͷļԹ˵һźͷ񵥣ʮĴӳʳͻ
յһȶħûʸʶס
ʳͻȻתͷһۣȷû˲ڷġ
ĵᶼˣĿ⿴⣺ǵʱ֪ϻһˣһӡ
ȥǱߵʱܻڳˡϻ󣬿Щܺ˵ļʹģо
˵˶٣żڣʱ룬Ҫһȥͺˡ
ʸֵ˫ۺͱǼ˵֣ʵͲסһҲȷʵͨԼŬ׬Ǯ
֪㰮ңҺãû˭˭ĺӦġ
һʼֻԼ׬СǮĲ˵ʱܲǮȥ
ڣ֣Ҹ뵱ͽˣǿЩǿǰ޻֮ͨա
ʸĻҲļᶨִš
Լǲ˵öֻԹԼߡ
Ȼܶ˼֮ģǻʸֻǺܲˡ
ȻѾ˵ôʸҲûмţֻҪҡ
֪֪ʱûжܣ˵ţַһʧί֯Ϣѡ
ʱ޼䣬Ӱϰߣһ뵽ԺҲ飬ѹֵĸо
һ£ǳ˹ؼڣæ˱֤Ҳã˯ŵʱ뿪ұ֤ԺҪǳһһòã
ʸȴֻЩʵķһ䣺˵ܸı뷨𣿡
⻰û취ӣΪº׸ġ
һ뵽Щʧȥ˵ôʹ࣬γϵģ޷ֻԼңӡ
žĬ͸˰Ŵ͵ߴܿ˴ǵǡ
ʸĳֳֻЭԼˡ
⻰Ҳû̫࿪ģֻЩ۵ıлл㣬֡
ʸȻͬ⣬Ҳ
ô²ԼͶ뿪ԼҲûΪԼԸôΣյĴ㡣
ţƲֵĿڣϣԺƵ飬ȸ֪һҲΪһ֪ġ
յļ֣æֺõĴӦ֪ˣԺ󲻻ˣұ֤
˵ŻʸֵࣺҲӦңһľͲԷˡֻбŻ˺Լ壬뵱𣿡
ʸƳһֻۣûθڡ
Ҳ磬ͷǣθ𣿡





70 
šʸƵһվøȥѲ˷Ȼˮ
ںͺҲǴ˿
պҲûʱ緹͹ʱҲˡ
ڳԷǰոֻСèģļһﴦ˿ҩѶȽӺù̶
УСһҲֻǷ΢ĳ鶯ûѵĺۼҲ֪ܲʪëõϵۡ
ʸҲԱ߿ţôСèҲ̲סʵҲǴӻھ𣿡
ҡҡͷֵͷɻ˵ҲǣϵӦĸҧġ
󣬼˲ӣְɽĵʸǡ
أ̫ˣɽϵ˾Ȼĸͣ׺Ұ޳ûĵطһʱͬᡣ
Ҳӣֽ͵ֻǾãɰСһﲻþôˣ֣ǰô
ţáʸֵȻܾͬˡ
ȴе㲻ˣС㣬˵ɽΪײУһô죿
ͬͬ飬ɱϾޣҲ̫Σˡ
ȴΪ⣺˵ĻἸˡ
˵ţ˯õСɽȴ۾Χİʱķ
ȴᵽϤζʱ΢һЩ
Сһģִ˴ϲԵİëͦ׵ģҲ֪ܸܲҧƤˡ
ΪĸԭҲΪԺһѵСϻʮأܳˡ
Сɽȴץèû٣ëϡ裬ʵڲɰ
ɽѰΡΡͼ˾ʹϵߣҲ֪˺Լһɶ˻뿿ȥ
մľٶо뷨ǷŻС壺ԹԵģ˰ɡ
Сɽ뱻ɻ
֪ö׽ԼҪϤԼζͻʸֵľ·ѡ
Сɽʮְġ
úСһղŻʸȥԷ
ȵԱ㣬Żǻȥ׼ݾƣһ׼ȥ
ʣµĻ⻢ȥ˳ȻֶҪˮ˷䡣
սӹðɽԱߣ˺СιСһ
СɽͶˣŵζæڳš
Сһżӣһιһḧõǰצһ㣬ġ
СһʮԣƺĻһְɺãһһιʳ
ʸԱϣ֧ӿĲѵȡ𣿡
ŶϾǼˣԼˡҲӦ˵
ȻŻʸʵ־ȡʲôֺأߵ㣿ƣСƣ
ʸǳ鴤һ£԰ߵͷаëСΪëɫǻɫ
ӣղ˼ЦЦٺ٣ѽǰأһֻɫԹ
ʸҲ̲סЦˣٲоʱͽɣ
԰ϣļУõģֻȡ֡һҲʲôߵƺˣԢ
Ŀ佱ʸҲֻ΢΢һЦ
ιղűŻʸһԡ£ڿԡͰ컾
صϣѹڻʸϣ޹ǣϸָ֣ʱҸĸҪˣʱҴȥô
ջʸѾˣΪ˲֪Լ͵죬ǹȵĿҲʳԼõ飺ǡ᲻᲻ϲңͬͬһ𣿡
ôأ֣Һû˵Ҽﶼʲôˣٺ˵һ¡
ҵＸͬ빲ĽֵܽãˣУҵĴǱ˴˵İˡ
ҵĸҲҵҲŮమأȻһֻЩˣֿҲǹһˡ
ȻôʸҲˣ뵽ʲôݺݵĿ֪ŮӺŮӿమɽװʲô棿
˵£ֱЦؿֵòУⲻǸֱԼĻ
ʸּӸšĸ첲һ£Ŀд󵱻飬Ůʲôʲôشң
ѵˣֹԹʵˣ׶Է°Ц棺ֵСĸѽ
ߣȻͦ𰸣ǻʸһ뵽װ¶ԼԸĨӾſҧϡ
໡Ҵˣҧ˻ˣոģֱһ£Ҳ𷴻һ˰ڴϺݺǡ
ʸֱǵò׵˴Ϣؿһ£ƭһף
ղŲһٿףУûУֺѽ





71 
ãֵʱ䡣
缸˶ԵıȽϳ٣Զô
һҩ׼ʱŸ󣬿պͻʸֶѱ߿˺۵СһҲ˵ȵҩɣ˿ںõÿһЩ
տһɫƵҩ֭˵ͷá
ӹҩ뵽ʲô˵ˣҺָС֣ôò
ŲķӦǻʸСȡİɣСһ֣Ȼ٩
ʸЦСĺצצҲûò˼ٺЦŶһ£
ˣɵӣ˵ˣǻ˼ζҩѾˣһ¾ܺȣʸСԪˣʱùÿ˯ǰһкôġ
ã鷳ˡĹĶʸҲһЦ
ˡ
˿׵Ļü۴Цҩ֭
ҩ֭е㷢ζҲôãЩܣʪ۾ŤͷԵҪ㿪
ſܵСһʸʮⲢͬ飬Сצצ԰ҩŻá
ȻܲԸιʵʵ£ֻèèС¶ʹı飬Ѽ˶Цˡ
ιҩղ뵽ʲôûأ
֣ʸֺ͸ͬʱһ顣
ͿմǰѵڷͳһƱ
ô࣡һƱЩˡ
֪뵽ʲôյһĨԻһʮ⻢ýʮ˲
֪ڳʲôʸֲ֪ôοתƻ⣺ƤΪֵǮһ˲𣿡
û㻢Ƥġҡҡͷ
ȻƱֳ룬һúˡ
Ҳ̫ˡźƱЩɣûô
˵õģīС´β㡣ȴɷ˵Ǯ
вԼֱһѽƱԼûĿһۣ
˶ҲøźôиӦٲõģؼʱ̻ܵ
ʸֿɲǽ÷߰죬ʱкǳԷ
ıϸ⿣ûһ˿˻ʸֽĲ
ֻ⣬ĺţ԰֣ҲҪԵ㣬ֻ
źý÷ʮԾõιԼˡ
극ǣŻʸȥԺʳ
˵ʳʵΪľǴʸֳ͸͸ϾҲá
϶飬׼ʳٵĻʸֶ÷ˡ
ʱ컹ûڵóףڻĺ԰ǣɢ
ʸֻǹģҰʱǵϸѡЩ׼֮ͽ
ţ֪֣õأյȻǸ˵
ص䣬ֿʼûûܲࡣ
ڶϣһѾźϴ磬ι
ղźȥһ˹ٸǼǺúɫֵ̽ơ
ʽϱȰƴЩӥͷӥͬһʥַϣӥĿհ״Ͽˣͽ߸֡
Ϊͽ˲ûкôģÿ¶ʮĹоǰ참ʱҪطٸ׽ͨ
׷ʱܼҷɱԷ
β䵽һɱ˷ͨûȨ֪ʶûп
š
ҲһһģѾر˵ǽʱֿùٸ˱һͬʱ
᰸ǲûʲô˹Ůͻʳر𰸼
ǹƥǸͱĺͷ
ȻģҲûоܾһ书ʵһŮӸױ˻ɡ
֮ǰ˵ֻǺܺõĽã뿪С棬Լͼ
ԶҲһֱѵ
뵽ǳ쳾Եõʸͬջǰиű
ߺ󣬸ŲĿŻʸ֣ӣϣС뿪ģһȥͱٵܻġ
ʸ˿ڲǳЦڣǲȥһֱģѧԼͿԷˡ
ȷʵԼͬ⣬ҲһȥȻãʲô⣬ջԼһӡ
ٲҲһ֮䡣
Ҳǲµˣ֮ǰͬͬӰΡ
Դ֪պԼһ֮š
ܸŽ̵ĸµָǽ̹ٶȻȥĴףһЩνķ硣
óպֻǰѶԷ˶Դ԰ݼڣЩչ˰Ҳδɡ





72 Ů
ƶǶĵǵûˡ
磬ΪղڼңеƢˡ
Ǳʸְ䣬Ҳܶµûֻ֣ʪ۾һϧӡ
뿪ĵڶ죬һš
ܸһʱ֪ͨ˻ʸ֣ʸ뵽ʲôİ˽
裬ӹǴڵλã廪ĸۡоʶִ
Ѿߴ԰߹ȺһװµĴ
ﲢûŮյӰվһͤͤŮӡ
ڿŮӵòȻͫһʶתߡ
ãϲ衣ΪȷݣʸȻҲûйʾãֻò
ǿ𾪵ӣҲʮɻ
ܿͷ£󲻶ɫĴ뿴ûΣա
û˵ʸֻʵ֪ʲô³ȥˣٻҪղܻ
Ůڣֱģȴûбֳɻ󣺡ŶǸʲôȥˣ
սͰ񵥣һȥڸǡΪʸҲȷǲյĵ֮һҲû˵̫
ԭ̲סֹѾͷвס
ȻֶŻʸʵҲһȥ𣿡
ֹûѻʸֵĶ䣬Ĳ²ֶһЩء
ŮڣҲڣʹˣŻʸֿ˵ȻǲҾˣǻˣ鷳ȥլһˡ
ʸҲһ񣺡СŮջʸ֣֪γƺʱҲ㴫
ʸĸ֣ٴκˣ˫۽ŶԷƺѰʲô
ΪĿ̫»ʸЩµĺһ
ŵˣʶԼʧ̬æ˸飺ˣӣյĸס
˵£֪꼸ˣôʶأǺ𣿡
Ȼһ֮ǰף׽࣬ʸȻо֡
ҲΪ²ⱻ֤ʵЩ䱸ش𣺡ϿʮˣΪΪĸվңǡǺܺõѡ
ģˣ
һ㡣ʸ̬ȣͷ
ʱü˵Ůӽ󣬴׸㿴ɡ
ʸֶʱܳĸоˣѾָòˡ
֪ǲĴܾλ̬е֡
Ҳ֪Լͻ˺ӣǹһЦ£ҾǾպѣоĶѣֱ⺢ӴСԸ߰߱Ƚ׽ľһأ
š˵ŮӶҵ̫
˵ʸҲЦˣӺܺõģ˵
Ļɡ迴иֳײĿǷ֮ɫ
õ塣ʸֵȻϾװ˵ĸס
Ǿ֣ΪʲôյĵԼ̬ô֡
ţתƻ⣺ֱСôأ
ֱűȽϹЩ΢΢һЦش
ԱߵĲˮһڣŻʸζ˵ѽջһȥ·ɣǺܻӭ㡣
õ塣ʸ˵ͷӦ
ΪİҲúС̫ã뿪ˡ
ڻʸʱȻԷѾ̣軹Щ㣬ת뿪ʱºСʱһ䡣
ĿͶԷ뿪ʸֲһȳһյĻصϣûע⵽Էֻͷһۡ
뿪ٻصŮլȲܵԺ
ûõԺЩңòڵŮ˵Цݲ衣
һ˻üֱأ
ҡҡͷߵ½߼˵㣬ҿŮˣ
ʲôʯϵ½ȻվҲСİıӴ򷭡
ҲվʵŮô
ҡҡͷ˵Ϊ˻Ȼˣñֱˣ˾ͳ˺ѡ
ղſΪʸǸĹҲһ
˵ŵ½˵㣬Ҳȷ˵лʸֻ֣ǶȡĲ𣿡
龭Ҳƽ𾪵飺ֲһŮϾ˵϶Ȣ
跴ʮѽǸӣüۺġ
ǵĻ½ɫӣûпڣȦȴ΢΢졣
骿ģסֶʵǺӣڻ𣿡
ȳ̾˿Ųãȳˣ·˵ģǹӿ϶Űˣ
󷽣ͤͤʮƯ
ʲôģǺп½ŮĹǸȳȣһ˲䶼̲סŭˡ





73 ʣкθ룿𣺹ֵֹ
½ɸһΣЩվס骺ͽ¡
ҡûŮ𾪾ϲлعһجĵ½ֻʹѵ
ǵǸӡ
뵽պİѸµĺӶ뿪ĳ½ֻ絶ʣ档
ǺӻһĽҲۿվԭز֪롣
Ҳ𵱳Ǿ뿪ʱͻȻʸ˰ΧСץõŲв顣
Ȼֵܼ书ǿǧΧҲʮֳǻʸҲ֪ס½ɣܷ뿪
ĺӣҲ½ɱеŮҪҪôһȥԼ̡
ʱΣ骻ٽȥҲһ½ֻѡ˷Ů
ӵôãȻδ𣬿ǶǸӵĿǷ˼ȴվ
˾Ҳվڣ취ѪõĺӣǱȻҪúò
ְѺ͵ʸﶼҲ˵ֱɣǺӺֱǺѣסһֱæǺӲôܡ
ֻˡ֪ﶼܣ̧ס˵ļͷ˵
̲ס̾ǣҲ̫ˡ
Ҳͬĵͷ
۰ĺӣһֱǷĺӣΪ˺ѣô᲻أ
˾ȴø࣬Ȼọ̀˵̫ɺܿʲô⣬ǻǲҪ̫ˣϾϻСһôֱҲɱ֮
˻һ˶ʱĬ
½ɺ骻ԼȥҲûֹֻѵǺֲ֪ǼӻǱҾҪǽȥõжҴɴ
½˽ȥԼǰȥ
֪ô˼ǣңվûȴڰиţһʲô⣬Ƿˡ
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75 ǲһ顭
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78 ұ֤
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ղûбĻĿҰﲻˣֻҪֻҪ֪Ҷæܰһһ
ûо־ѹľ֮أһ뵽ܵĿѣеļ尾Ҿѹˡ





79 ûа취
һʰףڳͬʱһ
骣νľ֮ᣬǴƾͽ޷Ǹħߵġ
ţȥɣܼλ̵ճȺҺָҽȴҲԾȡ
Ҳһʼȷʵ΢ᣬһԳΪĿеĴӢۡ
½˼Ҳ˵мǣҪһЩž¼һҪغݡ
ʱǹգʱϣԲ¶Լ
λ׵Ļնʱˣţ֪
뵽ʲôֶŻʸʵأ־ô
ʸֻô˵
ֻ֧뷨ߵ˲һţǮ
ճ볾ﶼ֮ģգҲϲݴ⣬ԵȻ۶ɡ
ǣԶԺ
Ļյʲô
书ǿԼץֻ̫Զȥ
ࣵһһڻʸϣǵıסļЦݲãá
ûʸִһѡ
ڵģ
ſĲõһŤ˶εЦˡ
ţֱǿˡ
һֱĬļ˾ѾΪüƻһ磬ʱû˵
ٵõȻʸֵ嶼ָ˲ܿʼһƻ
һЩ£һȺ˺ͻʸֵĹϵ֮˲١
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ߴܿķ羰ȻʹԶȲ˵ġ
Цеĵͷļ˵ѽôȣﴵѽ
һһתоô˵оô
֪˼ʸִ
ŵոµͥԺŵζ
ĬòſڵҲ֪˵ûеģǡָоܲܡ
ʸ΢΢̧ͷԶµ¹⻺˵СҴûмڵĸĸҵġ
ԭĸûбңǾúΣҲֻá
СʱҺã֪Լǲòãĸϲң￴ѹ͸ʵˡ
ܶʱҶ룬ûĻ᲻ĸһʱң˵ʱᱧҡ
ҹʱἱҴҵ·ûдþοҡ
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̲סЦˣɲһŶ㿴Ͳв𣿲ô˵ճȺҽ߳Ĵأ
ʸû˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷ
§ȥһһ˵ְұҲϵ˻ָ˽㼸أȻ˵㣬ǲˡ
ǿǣԱûģҲξˣأ᲻̫ࣿ
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Ȼֱһ£޲ȥҧڣʲôξΣǼΣ
Ϊʹڳˣ»ʸʵûжջ۵òС
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һߣ½ɺҲܿȥ׼ûʸҩԡ֭
ͰõİɫҩྦྷӨ͸װڰɫմ￴ʮ͸
½ְװҩĴøˣԡʱȡһҩ໯ˮͺãͿˡ
˵ʱ½ɵĿû뿪ʸϡ
׽ȴҿģʸҲʮܣҲ֪Ǻá





80 ͡
տ΢ֶʵ۰ɣ
½ҡҡͷĽ͵ᣬСʱݵĲһǵġ
áһɫľҲǲ۲ŶԣǸҩԡһͰڵöܷˡ
ҩ࣬½뿪˵ķ䡣
ˮѾ׼һϴƷ¡
ղѾϤһ·ɻ¥뵽С㻹ûŷ䣬ϲһǡ
ְԼӵѾסƫԺұߵͰܸһ䡣
ڣûʸǰջЦһ˱ϡ
ôˣʸֻĲӣĿ
ٺ٣ˡһ£ǲ࣬˳ȹȹڹ⻬ϸļ
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һ˫ĿΣôòã
պߺãǲá
˵ֱѹǣΪΪ

֮󣬻ʸڿңɿϵţ϶һЩۡ
׻ʸֽ޳գȡһҩ໯ԡͰڣű˷ŵԡͰ
ʸſԡͰԵˬӵֿһڡ
ôҧˣյ޳ָƯĴһڣвҧһΣҲϲҸҧɣ
ʸ˲ըëСèһθ˵
ռ״Цеĵͷúã˵һˣǰ֣
ߡʸֺߺһתͷȥֱűԡͰؿڿɰñץŰ档
ŴĴϮķζ飬һֿʼϢ

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ȴԸûʸָԼͽ˵û£ٶҼ˰㣬ǮĻҲõġ
˵ˣҲֻܴӦá
ӳ˼Ƭ̣ڻǾøȥһûʲô취
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Ļʵǣǲ¥𣿡
ЦһǾ¥˲ˣ˵ǹġ
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ʦʳʣԲڴҲΪܵżȥˡ
ͬ⣺Ум㼸Ǯ֮ǰһΣ
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𣿡һֱÿ϶˸Ըеɻˡ
Ҳû᣺Ǿ򡣡





81 
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õġ׵ĵͷЩִٵĻʸߡ
Է֮ǰգѾгʦôôࣿǼҾ⼸ˣð˸ʦ
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ǲڹˣָܲҲҪԿѽûµһŬģ
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ٲ˵һ£˽ϾϿ˽ʱɱƣѾҹѣηʱھڡ
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ʮӣ
յһʱȥͻʸ˵ˣȻ󽻴λչ˺ûʸ־š
£ҲһȥˣȥҲһ
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ʵǧĵط軹ûôηηβġ
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ͨȷʵƻǺʹҲû˷ټ
мʶˣζ˵ѣΧѯְǡ
Ȼ֣ص˵ʮΣգѾɱ˾ˣҪǷֶһҪҡ
׼ķ˾ȻܵǴӣСҲŵòᣬæ˵
֪ˣǾͺʹ岮˵һע㡣
յͷãз־ȥҼңѾˡ
֪ˣȥ档ǰˣҲܿġ





82 С
ɽһȦûܲ˵ĵط
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ڰҩպֱƿ˽ȥôˣ˭𣿡
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ζĿȴŲʾڣСȾ˷纮ڸҩأ
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⼸Ҳһֱ
г̺ۺÿһҩʸֶʮڴΪЩֲİ̺һһʧˡ
ڼ䣬ûʲôԼȥ˼񣬶ͽ˵ҵԽ





83 ֪
ת֮ȥ꣬ʸϵ˰Ѿ½ɺ骵òˡ
أϻһЩɫӡӡ
Ƕڻʸ˵ĻָѾܲˡ
ʱʸԽĸֻȱʧʱ̫ԶҲ޷Ժĸ޼
ദôã½Ҳ֪ԼŮˣԼ̫̫ĸңһֱҲĬĬģ޾ϸΪ衣
пյʱǻһȥһ˾᰸ٶһ˰صĵط½ɵĸĸ
ۺ죬͵½̫ŮҲµ˵顣
յҪ˵ʱ򣬵Ǳֹ̫
Ҳʮλ˼ȶҲ½ɺ骵¡
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ݷͬһ㣬ϺǳһԲ󣬾½ɴ뿪ˡ
ֻص᰸ǣձԼϻ￪һ֪Ĳݡ
ſһľдţܴҲߵĳ·ĻһѵĲˮ
³СҲ½һҪغӡ
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ֱ֮ǰ½ɲĶԻʸֽʱˣһҪң档
֪ܳʱ䲻ټ棬ʸʮֲᣬҲ֪ôֳֻܵͷţһġ
žǿ̣ǿŮ½ڻ̲סһסúӣ׿Ƿ㣬ײԭңֻϣֿһֱģ֡
ҲǸרĺúӣϣǿһֱͺۺѣϣҲԴ
һθܵĸ׵Ļʸʱۿ
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֪ˣǷģҲκ˵ġҩµ쳣ʸĶʱӿκˣҲɵ
֪ġ骿Żʸ֣ȰЦЦ
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˵ãһ˵½ɾ̲סһ˫ͻʸּΪƵĿŭ
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﷢նʱֶ㵽ʸֱ󲻿ˡ
ôܣЩˣɸӣ϶ˣ
ʸֲɫѰڵΣλĸ֣µ˵Ƿģһῴյġ
½ɺ骿̵ģ뵽ĳԺﺿһϿſŵģҲ˵ˡ
ֻһνʸչ˺Լ
ʰöˣҲԼǺͼ׼Ķװ
֪ĸŮ϶۸輸Ҳûдŵ˼ĵš
պͻʸλĸ׳ֺͼλĸ𣺡˶ˣС̣Ƕౣء
ΪͬԻʸֶԼλĳƺҲһ
һľ˾˺üãͬʱҲӲ᣺֪ģǲõģҲҪչ˺ԼҪమ໥֧֡
ĥĥã½һ˲Ų뿪





84 ˽ˡ
뿪󣬻ʸֺնʱоټԴС¼Ҳһӿ˺ܶࡣ
Żʸįɫסļ򣺡𲻿ˣҪˣǰǾͻȥʱ˳һЩصѸʶѽ
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ȥռСѾܶ࣬ĵ͵£峤һ׶ڶ޵Уè
ʱſ˷ĴϸԼë
ϵëǺɫģ׳֫ëɫһЩǳãצɱʮ㣬ͷаɫλƣ׵ǸŮӡ
˵ѵ£ụ̂ѾԵɱһͷҰţˡ
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ٸʬʱСĽˤ䣬ʬ徹ֱˡΣҵûۿˣÿ궼вأ
᰸λϷ֮ǰ˵ļ紺һļϡ
ǰûۿЩ޷ţҲֻܸ̾ϱĲಢһǰ㡣
Ļջ޷󣺡ô֮ǰô
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˵ԣȴҪӵˣֻܺˡ
ô鷳˵һѶƽʱഩ͸о̲ܶסԾ
ҼȻôˣΪʲôҪΪٴһЩ𣿡
ĻʸֻЦЦǸõط˽ʳ󣬵Ҳǳ˲¹ͷĵط㴩öˣԵӷ׷֣˾֪Ҿá
򵥵Ļֻû˴ѣҪûûƤģЦҲǳеģС㹫Ӷ۸ֵأ
ЩնǵطӡˣҲأ
ţߵȦס;ɫĻʸ֣Ҽֺѽһ㶼ҡ
ʸпǧȴЩ֮ɫ
ʵ˵ҲôãգҺ㲻ͬûôѪ飬ƽ¶ҲֻԹ۶ѡ
ڰΪ֪ݵҲʵѲ񵱳ô棬ֻԴ
ҲѽЩ飬һžˣ˵ĶԹԹȷʵò͡
ʲôСɩӣøϱʹ˲ɱġ
ʲôӹѶΪϱ߶ӵĹģ׵Ķϱʧġ
ߣжͽҪǮҵġ
߰㼦ëƤСһѣѾ֪ˡ
Ȼ̫ˡ
ɥ˵ЩĻʸָоЩЦʵҾ֪ݿԻʽ
˵֪¥Σ̣־Ҫôأ˶쾹ȻиϹ˵ܲϱֱһٹźˡ
ʸҲǳ鴤Ĳ֪Ӵ˵żŵ̫ˡ
˫ۿԼʸԱߣȣȸĵѽĹء
Σ˷ų˵֪רܲƽ£鶼Խ³֮Ǳ븶Ķ
У̫٣ҲæȥЩѡֲѵһ¡
ʵЩ˵ˣ֮ǰ˶˺˽ҹȱյ顣
ǲܡ
Ƕ֪˼أ̬ø͸һЩ
һ仰˵ĺܶԣ˽ˣѽ̣½ˣһ̾ͻᡣ
ôʱȥպӦҲòˣЩҲλ˾˺ġ
վ˵ĺеҪ˸Ķֳ
ҽ֪ݵĳԣЩ֮ˣҪǸĶ᲻᲻ѽ





85 
ԥӣʸһЦñĶԼ˵㲻һƲһͭ壬úþͺˡ
ʸֵĻնʱéٿ
ôû뵽أҲ̫ˣ˵˷ܵһѱסԷ壬ݺ˼¡
ʸֻεЦˣſ
ϣһɫ·СԴС
Ƕ֪ˣʸҲˡ
֪ǶʦүΪǶʱʸѣԷľչΪ̵̫һ졣
֪ôţʦүε͵ˡ
ڶ֪ɵ£ڵ᰸ǰհҵ
֪ũʵḳ˰⻧հñͷٵĸǸӲʢ
ÿʮǷϷʳصʱ򣬽ʳأȥӡ
ң֪ûкͱһѹвŻŮӣʼŮӳŽˣԿƾ١
ȷķ棬κӲøܾŮѧԺڿΣǲμӿƾٺͲξ
ֻǼŮӿ׿׵۹⣬Բˡ
ΪµƶȺӺȨ˲ΥģǾ뾡취ȥŮǺ
ͱһŻŮȥμӿƾٿԣٲܲҲ
ǻﰵͳĿλϡ
ξŮӳŹҲ˲ΣǰŵĹλȴǺΧ۵ġ
бŮӻܼ֣ȴкУ߰źܶͬţͣȻŮӷɧǡ
ξ߸ûеϴĵط˯ҲҪ˼һжʹίҲпԡ
ԽģûĸŮԸ߳ţȥ֤ԼȥʵԼˡ
֪¹Ů߳ţҪѹգԩٴͿˡ
ţθҲߵĵŷ⡣
˲ֱӻʸֵݣֻǵͷ˵ү˵ͻˡ
šʸֵһ
ҲʮȻĴӻóһɰݹȥˡ
ɰʮ㣬ŵ˶ʱ۾ˣæллл㡣
ˡȻԷͿűԼ󻹽Լ㣬ҲʲôԵġ
㲻ֻǽ㣬ū֮һݵ
վſڣС뿪߽ȥôˣʲô𣿡
ʸ־˾ŷ⣺û˵
״ʶȤ˳ȥҹš
űϣʸֲŲѾ򿪹մϵŷ⡣
ҲվȥһǼֽչ
ģ˵ɫԽأ֮Ƕһۣʸǲš
ЩԼ۾ִҴҷһԣܴĺһô
˵ǹڵʸյ飬żȷָ֤Ӻʸֵˡ
ȻϵĸҲʮ꣬һֱεĸף
һֱס壬һùż
һֽдţĸ˺ȫū
ҲһԵͯˣֱʵ˭
ʸִ˸ỨҲЩʣ֮ǰڿջǸ
ôʱйԲǵĵط
Խܵģļ򣺡õĺﱾ٣֪鵽ϢҲδؿš
뿴ǣǲʲôͻ
ʸ˼ãҡҡͷĸ׵á
ĸҲͨͬҲǹټŮĸҲг
С̵ֽܹÿ˫նȥĸ밲
ԵܵҲ㲻ʲôʹͣǷʳʳвƥƤëһݸǡ
Ǳ۸Цʱǳͷ
ԣǵΪξҪ˶ԴԼȻɱ
ţʸ˫Ŀ죬ŭѵȥ
ŭܣס첲֣̫Զ侲㡣
ʸִʱûҪȥҪȥǣһʸֵԲˣҪң
˵֪Ļ֤ݣ㻹ţȫūһ㣬˶ֻĸ˿
۾ˣȻҲȱ˰ο˺֣Ȳ𣿳һҪģ֣侲Щ
ϸİο£ʸֵķŭֻίֻرס
˺һȻʸֵ΢ƽҲҪҪ¸ǡ
·ǿ뷨ʸֱ˵¾ͱˣѰȣҪǱ֪ˣ϶Ҳᵣĵġ
ղͬ뷨ǹװûһۣȻ˵Ҫ˿϶ģ





86 ֻܡ
ţʸȴ˽˼ֱв
ѹȵĿ⣬ֻôӦ֪ˣ˵
ʸ⣬ֿһһٵ˵ҲϣΪЩ˷񣬷Ҳ𣿡
ţ˵ûǾͲˣյ˵ͷֱ˻ʸ֡
ʵǲĶԷ뷨ֻǾһֱֱпǷźô¾Ͳ
ȻֲԸ֪Ǿˡ
˵ҪǲֱͲվˣ
˵Ҳ֪Щ˵ľҪȥôֻڰˣҴأ
ڰζŲգʸֲôί߰ɣ˴Ưĸ㡣
һҲͦãǵ˵ͷѽһʲôʱȥȥʲôʱɣ
ʸҲͷȥ·̲Ҫһ£Ҫú׼һ¡
ôðһ£վ۾ɴˡ
ΪʮѾأ
üëˣʸҲ̲סЦˣѽõܻҪأĻһ㡣
Ҳе䣬ವģһöۡҲУ̫ʵߣʵڡ
ȻҪȥʸִͶˣӱҲܸǰȥʱܸ̰ꡣ
Ĵ㣬Ҳæдţ·ϣٶȿҲҪܻصң
дã㵽ʱͻȥ
ǴȥҪƲԼҲʱˣ˵õĽһߣôܶԼˣֱҲҪȥ
æͣǶԼˣȥֱ𣬸һԺ󻹻ġ
ֱӷһȥһܻص𣿻᲻ΣգֱʮѣҲҵѣô¶ҪҪһȥһ𣿡
ʸҲ̧˽ȥҪʵģԣһ鵱ȻãСͬ᰸ǣȷʵΣոࡣ
ҲܣҲҪ£һ뵽˶ûԼҲѹ۾졣
ռ״æ˵úúãһȥʱͱҹǻĸεĶ񶾺
ʸҲЦǾͰʱһЩˡ
ߣ⻹࣡⣬Ȼ˵ֱ֣֪ģҲزģֻǺСѡ
ԱСǣǸҪҲһǣһţǵʱܼ棬̫ԶˣҲһ¡
˵ţҲ
ռæ֪ͣûǺãѹҺ˵ҲҪĺѺýá
֮ǰֻ˵Ҫģʱôһá
ʸֲôᰲοˣֻܸŵͷͣأһôˣģǮնԹڼҵĻˡ
Ҳ˳ŸԹڼҴסۣǻܺһ£ңԼԼ
Ȼ˵ĻЦۣԼôԼ
¡ΪЦҲġ
ȻҲһ뿪ôŵֻܰеߡ
ǵİţҲˣֱӰѲ̸ǣûǮҲû£ǷԺǮٸ
ʶôãŶԷƷҵŪ֮ζҲںæͲˡ
յȻʮĶд½ݺպŸżȻͻȥϢǷ
ߣҲڿѾʰ
ţû취òԼ֡
Ϊ·;ңԶҪĶʰú󣬻ʸֺջ˾ͳг
˸ϳĳĳӳʸֻһ
·ϴõġ
źĳӣЩ鱦ϡ
ʵľеŻƤСϣԴŻʸĴȡ
͸Ҳڳϰĳ˵ɢԣԶû̫ȡ
ʸֱֵץŰ棬ںŨܵ㷢Եǲʵġ
յǸλΣ
Դ֪֮ǰ뺦ʸֵ˾ļĸնԸҲ˵Сᡣ
͸ҲˣȻԷѾߣҲǸ˾ѡ
Ϊ˲˵С̣Ǿʡ
˼Ҳ֪ϵ顣
Щı˺þãûз֣˵ū澾ãûпơ
⻰ջǻʸֶû뵽ҲʵŶô˵أ
¶ĳ־ģֱӹӣū·ϣĹϵʵûб濴ô





87 ǴΡ
Ļֿӣʸɫһ˵
𶯲͹˵ҲӻʸɫĿŸ
ɡҲְѸ
ȸûиղôղʵղ˵Ǻˣǲ֪ʲô
Ŵ꣬ǵĿԼһۣʱ˪ѹ˵Сʱūֻ֪ƺܲϲÿαϺ˵Цӣתȴ޺޵
ˣһū澷ҹţΪū澸ȥһ£ͼȥԺӡ
ΪԺ˰֣ū澲ҿ̫Ҳûþͳˡ
ǽڶ죬Ϊ޷ȥμӹ磬ǵðɣʱū澾˵㲻ԣţ˵ū澲ľԱ
˵ţίĿ
ôһ˵ʸҲˣǾǰ顣
ʱʺٰ˰ٻ磬СμӣʵΪ˸̫ѡ׼ġ
ţ˵ǵʱҲȥμӣǶ֣ǰ죬̫͸һиҩ
ҩû˺Ϳ֮СӣǴεԼΪ
ʱԼҩӣĸಹƷҩģȻԹġ
Ҳڸż˵Ӻܿĸ㵷˵˸һ١
ԭԭеߵ˶㶡
ܿ췴Ӧ˼˵ûпܣԭֶҪˣԼָ죬Ǿûмˣ
Ҳͬ˵ѽϾϵģȥǸԺӣôҲµġ
ּ˵ֹˣū澻ʱڱ˲עʱȥԺӣÿλʮֿģڴҲĹĵġ
ʸֵıްҲ侲Ȼˣƽ㱨ҵҲûʲôֵġ
㲻ͬڸʮű͹ģҲ˵֮һֱЩ˵ļС
ѹÿǵʲôöڶͻᱻǽ֪ˡ
һ뵽ʲô˶ţȻٻ㱨һĻ;Ϣ
۲ѵıס˻ʸֵļ˵֣ˣʲôҲ֪ˣԺ󲻽ļƵóѣҪӱȥźã
šʸֵ˵ͷ
ֺ͸˵ε¼ΪҲʮ
ͻЩģԵж⡣
·ĹģвסһһŻʸȥ档
ҹΪҪȥ˷˵ʱ䣬һֻҹ·
ʸרϣֻˣ͸һϢ
ҡҡλεĳûĴʣڻʸֻؿ˯ú㡣
ͻȻһһζ˻պͻʸҲ˯оѡ
սʸֻ󣬶ųĳʵô£
űŰ崫˽ؿС㣬ǰڴ򶷣ūŲҿͻȻͣµģðС㻹ˡ
޷հĻʸֵļС˵㣬Ȼȥô¡
ãһҪСġʸȻܲģҲֻܴӦ
ϾɽҰ뷢飬ŪҲΣա
͸ͻȻͣĶѣҲ׷³鿴
Զ򶷷պͳֽİѳĴ¡
͸ϳŻʸ֣Ȼڳԯóϳ
ǲʲôɽϵڻɽҰ룬ܶ뿪ġ
ûһվͿ书·ϴ򶷡
߸ȺŹΧĻһԴźɫѵĽûأ
ΧǵŮ
ֲڼ˵Χ½·磬̲סҡҡͷԶ١
ôˣʸѯʡ
˱ȺŹأճǰ°˵
Ȼθ٣ǰЩˣϵĵ·ûйذ·Ǽҿİ
һͷǵӰĻһųǹϻŮ˵
ûæǵȵȺòãǰСץÿ
һŰɫҲ׼϶߱ȭ񣺡ǸС㣬Եһ
ϻɻԭһŮӡ
һ˶һôò񲻺˼ˣ
ʱΧȦĺŮͻȻյķ֣һĨϸ΢ɫ⻮ҹա
һݣּ̧ס˷˵롣





88 
ⷺŵںڣյҲ䡣
ʸָͷݺһЩµץס·
ΧŮ˵ļҲһæʵСû°ɣóö룬ˣ
⼸Ҳĵͣ¿򣺡ûб̵Ů˵Ķˡ
ûС΢΢һЦֱӽԭ
ϸ봩߾˿ֱֱŮӵ壬ŮҲЮǿõɳȥ³һѪ
ãŮˣŮĵȥ
ǿھ磬ΧŮӵļ˶ʮ𾪡
ܿǷӦæΧס
Ϲһɫװ˼ȭ˵λС֣ǮߣлС
ŰɫµҲֽ񣺡·ʱǵ·ܱǸ
䣬֡һųȺɫŮҲ˱ȭߵĻŮҲ˵
һӢʣĿҲ˼һ£ƺ
ҲѧǵĶ˱ȭգҸղŻΪԶ۸ƯŮԲ˵ģҲԡ
ϵĻһȻʧЦʱ˵ԭˣȷʵ񡣡
ǮҲ͵ɲʲôˣǺɷڵˣǰЩŮħͷΪһ˼ҵĹӡ
ǹӣͱŮɱţλ˶ؤѱҵҲΪ
֪Ѿ˵ĺŮȴͻȻЦΪҲ䣿
ŮӱŻãҲĿǣڼеˡ
һ䣬ŮʲôǮ߼˿סڱǺˡ
ٴеӣҲæŻʸְԼؿڲԱӳʹṦܵȥ
˶Ӵ壬ȴʹƴܡ
ԥ׷ǲ׷ʱһƿĶ䡣
ʶģ˳Űѳ߿ȻŻʸ
ķʸͺݺݲ˸ղŵĵطڷҵĲ
ͻıʾˣհѻʸַڵϡ
û뵽ȴһ˫ȷվȣԱǼʿҲһһ¡
ֽľõǮĶ̲סżãǻĶô𣿡
ܹӰ´£ʶԵƺҲ֪鷳ˣãֽź飬û֪ˣ
ôǻ𣿡յĵıŻʸֳ֣Ǳߺ
ΪҼҳҲȻӳ˳һǸһǣŸ³û£Ҳû¡
˺ΨһܿպͻʸߣеĳʦͳɪɪĶ㵽¡
ʱĺӰҲֽΧסſŵ޹֮ҲûŹ
ЩùĺˣϤ··ҲЦˣǣϻ浱ˣ
˵ţϲ֪˭ĳУ֣
˵գȷҲεĹȫĳס
Уƺ˼ţ̲ס
ǮҲǸƢԼƯֱһӡֱƿڴϹû𣿡
ôңæհ˹
ԼٽƺԼ鲼һһСߣҲֱûƢ
һεĺ˸࣬״̬ãʱֱѵãԶԸЩһ㶼ó
һ˳˾ûԻʸʱָЩķʱҲ˰ѽѼŮӻ
û취ղжؽˣԱߣȥˡ
е书ߣһȺʿĹºܿ츺ˣʧȥжճͼʱݺݳ˹ȥҲ˺üˡ
ڷʱҲ˵£һʱһֻɫĴè˳
崩պͼ˽űߣȻһԾſ¶ݺݺҧһ˵ĺϡ
ȵѪĽѪ˷ܣڲΣʱֱӷ㿪
Ȼֺݺݵץ˼˵塣
Ϊ̫צҲ̫ѸͣѺƿ˻ʸּ֮ء
ôͣҲܷЩȥԴ⣡
𣡡õ˵Ŀ佱Ӹˣıһˡ





89 Ȼǡ
ܿ죬վ˴ĺˣʣµɱּ״֪вҲֻܳˡ
ջϴαµ£׷Щɱ˺һֱǳԶŻˡ
仹ſڵϣſŽʵС㣬Ī׷㲻֪𣿡
ֻǰ˰֣̫ˣҸϲϾɱ
ԼӣҲͷǾǣо仰˵úãҰղ紵
ֽľګĻʸ˿˿ſԼϵֿ˿գա
ע⵽ëѪ˵ȻҲԼ˲һѪæǰһһѪʲôȥϴϴ
ղŴˣŲԼȥϴ裬ſϲ˰ϴ
ֻղŻɱķĴèֺߺһĶˣˣҲˣҺ͸ϴϴɡ
СҲ⣬ѽݸʱԼĴ󱦱ͻϡ
Ǯ߻ſڵϣתӿգǸС㣬ƯС㣬ڻˣ鷳һ㣬£
ðǮߵĻ̲סЦˡ
ϣȻҪ߰Ȼιǰ
ȻǳʱѾװˣǼͳǵҲ
ѷʱƺ͵ʦǵϣְǮŮ͵͸Ϣĳϣһ˲ٴγ
Ϊë϶ѪֻίͰ͵ĸԱ·ڳԯϣο˵ǰˮĵطǾȥϴһ£ȻٻسϺòã
ƵĺߺʸֻµҲͷ˵ߺˣûֻţȳô

һţȣʱ˷ܵתȦ
˺þã˲ߵһСϪԱߣˮߣתͷŸ
һ˵ԼϴͲԼϴ裬͸ҲûƢˣëˢӣ޻֭ȥ̫ˣһЩˮɡ
˵ţļܹȥˮ
еˣɴóʦҹԳԡ
͸ϴ裬ëϵˮɡ
ҹˣѾָжƺҲһַ׷׾治ѣϸԹԣôģ
ǮҲʵúõС㲻е˷𣿡
ҲԻ󣺡ᰡԽѭԽԽʹԽû˹涨ֻ˵ġ
ǮߵˣȻǡ
š
ǵҲЦˣԵ㶫ɣϴһܶ˰ɣ
Ǿ߶ˡ׷˵ڻûнʳһ׵Ǯ߼ҲоܶˣȻ˼ʢ룬ȻҲȴ֮ˡ
ʦֽôʱʮһ㡣
ڿôʱ䣬ɽҰ붼׼˷ʢ˵һˣһα𾪣Ǯ˵𣿡
ΪȻ˭˵أ˵԰ɣ
ʸֿˣĳˣε˵Ҳģ
ٺ٣ҲǣԷԵģɣնʱˣкԷ
̸֮Уռ֪ʱҲҪȥģ˵ڿ󣬻ʶ״Ԫԡ
ƺͷʱȥԡ
·ϣ˺ɷõĶУԲŻʱͣ·׷ǡ
˵ãҲе㼬ֽ֣ˣҲ֪㵽
ʱҵǣҺǰûȥ׷Ȼɱˣһܷرʸˡ
ˣˡ
ҹһԭ
һֱڶ̡
Ϊ˳·ǮһҲһ·ˡ
ڳĵڶʮϣʸִյˣڸڳ֮ǰǡ
ŻʣΡ׳۵ĳţĸ̾ʲô
ΪϷĽʱ䣬ڻʸǲ䡣
ڽٶ¥ʱվͳˡ
һʼʸΪֻǲӦߵĸ۵ñӹհڻ
Ǻ֣书ǿȫٲҲɪɪ
ȻռԼˡ
˸ԻʸҲȻԸֶ
Ծͳ£ƽʱҲûٳԡ
˻һϵʱҲűӣĴ뿴棬ǻûͱ紵õһ
Ա߿ţ̲סʧЦǱᰳ࣬ȵ˼ͺˡ
ЦݣҲԼе³çˣ˼Цŵͷ֪ˡ
Ȼʵźʹǵʵľ졣
ֵϵӣСﲻĴ





90 Ҿ˵ɣ
ڻʸֻ۵ĴȣƤʱʱм̽ȥ
ʸһȦ忿ڳϼ£ʱ׽סҵ֡
Դ֪յʹڳˣ֮ǰϲϰ߾͸ˡ
·ĵգĺܶʱһ£޴ŵצϴ¡
ΪԷݣԽôߵְؿڣȴһ֣˵ǹˣʱ᲻
ᣬԽأ߾ͻԽңʱܱСΪȱʳֿĵʱ򹥻߹ذա
Ϊðչ꣬ҲΪ߾Ҳڱ߹صġ˵ʸӿ޵ꡣ
ԵԼݣǡ
ţֻоǰһʪůĴаסͦεɽ塣
һϮûʸѹ͵ЩգϾҪˣ
źߡǰҲ˵ġպߺڷԲѩֱ࣬ӰѹСϣŻʸֵĲӾһǡ
⿪µʱһ΢𶯣ͣ
С㣬ǵˡʮ־ϲʱһ£ǿǵˡ
û뵽ľ͵ˣæѻʸĸ·
ʸֽŭĵһۣҾ˵ɣ
ȻԱߵһϻӣϻӣһźƯĽɫӥߡ
ٺ٣̫Цִչȥ
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գʸֱò죬ȴֱݺݵһ£ߴϡ
ڿʱһС⣬װˤһ裬Ȼװݡ
ŪûƢĻʸּ״æ˵ȵȡ
ŶҲʲôִϻһֻɫĶ𤵽۾棬߶ͷҲŪһЩ
æЩ˲ƿ³
⣬źʵŮѾʮѾСڵˣʸֳ񣺡ū/ūż
šʸֻǵӦһ
𡫡
һʼįĵͺ˼ȦĴӺ
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ϻ
ݵҰޣһȺºѾС˶ʱŵɢӡ
⣬ҵĳ˵ġʸֿŴʧɫȺȻڡ
㣬˵㰡
һŷɫްźɫŮ˳ܳȴڿŵʧС
Լ۰ãʸֻǲõۣԴ廨ʧɫŮ˵꣬ŵˡ
ʸ˶ŻǺܸߵģ˻һٺ¶ٽУֻ嵣¡
߰ɡʸվǣסյȥಽߡ
·һԹŮԱʱܵԼ˵ĵ⣬ַĵͺ
ԴС˺üոãһԺĵط
ԺԺű⣬Щɻ󣬸оⲻСԺӡ
Ժȡԣʣ̨ҸȡġԼԺ֣ʸһĨ˼Щӡ
˵˵ľǫ̂Ӿʹջ
ҲԺȡ֣ҲϣԱֳĲɡ
Ժʮֿ磬ʯĽݣнİڼ׶ߵϡɫɺպ۽硣
˰ݻĹ뷿̲ס̾
һ·ˣȥݸˮɣȥ᷿˰ѸڵĶøסϢʸɵĶŸԸ
ˣ⣬Ŵ羫µѾ涵Ķſڣǰ϶ҽ
ռ״֪Щ֮ǰźʸֵˣƨɶ˲˵ɣҧ˵ġ
ſڵһȺѾе㺦¡
ȥǣСѾ߳ɣһͱţæ˵СģСǵĵڶӣСӵĹ͡
˸㡣⻰һȺѾҲæӦ
϶ָսһļѾߣԺʮź
֮ǰźµĴѾߣֱʰﴲ齺εĶѾߡ
ԼʱźѾߣɨ¡ŵĴʹˡ
Լ֡
һһǰţ˲ӡ
ڣһ᯵Ҳˡ
ʸҲûг֣أ
ֶֺĸģ룬ֵƺҲô򵥡
Ȼվ
𣬼ѾֱӹȾְɣǰնС½ȥһˡ
ָջû£Ǳ߾˵СĽȸβˣȻ˳ֱץȥ̿ڲˣ





91 
ʲôֱץߣʱһģŵĿǣ˲ᡣ
֣
̫ԼڣЩ˾ȻԼԺӵ֣ʸ˲òС
ҲǲѣļٵĿʸ֣ӣ
·һҲ֪־ǱԩģֱӶΪ׵Ѿ߿ڡ
ΪѾյĻҲæ·
ʸֺոԺӣ߹հһԺӡ
ԺĴʹӼʸڣ˲ͻͻ£Ц밲ūڣ
ʸѵһ䣬ǻſڣ֪뵽ʲôֶԼѾ˵ǰס
ʮѾһæֱŵӰȻ󣬵˶ڵҲѹġ
ۿһӻУһʸֵѾֱץԼȹų
ǰһ߿š
սԺӣʸ־Ϥ˲ҽУͷݺһ˲ǰȾܡ
Ҳ絶ʵ·ˤһѡ
տһ򣬾ͿղſǸŮűڳһͷ׵˼ҡ
ʸҲһĻĿѷŭѣʸס֣
ʸһһͷȴֱۣٿлһƯĻˤϡ
ԼױʸŴƤôĶ컹˰·
ֻ絶ʣһϢ׿޵
״Ҳæ˼ҰܲãóЯ˼뻤ס
ȻԻʸֺ͸˵ʱסʣµĻȥ˵
áĻʸҲܲµֵΣգͷ
棬ʹѵĻʸŴʱ¼ˣŻɷԼŮ˲סˣƨˡ
ⶼҪӣպݺһڡ
Ҳ֣һֿ첽صԺ
ԺڵƻͨѾǿС۰Լ˳㣬۾ˮˮİࡣ
ָʩ˼룬ʸִԼ˽óһ˲νʹá
ֱӰ˲ֺ¡
ȻͿ޵۾˵ĸһ˼һѣ˳㻹ҩ
һڣֵתûôˡ
ЩƣĻʸ֣סļͻط䣺ЪϢһ°ɣţ
šʸֵ˵ͷЩĿ
Ϻðԡ˻꣬Űʵԡغһź򿴹Լ˵ѾߣְǸ˳ȥ
Ȼһѻʸְ˸ɾ
һ𡣡Ϊԡ̫ѵõģʸЩɬ
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ŶջĴӦһͺ̹ˡ
˳̨ԡ滺ȵˮ˶ʶķɡ
§Żʸͬȵʯ̨ºûסԡȦȻǱˮŻʸֵˮ֣ԡغô󰡣
ã㲻𣿡ƣĻʸ֣Żε
ҡҡͷɣҶ˵úøȭŹˡ
˵ֺ꣬ݺݵѹ˫ָźʼĴá
һ󰮸ֲ֮ŷſ޹İá
ʸֻһסļ壬ȻƣҲܡ
˵ĶŴĴϢˮƣһ³׵ʯ̨ϡ

һҳղ϶󣬻ʸھл˯ˡ
ռ״Ҳ֪۵ùǺգ壬ͷűصϢ
һŸ֡
۾һĸЩۣµģİɡ
İøٴαһ᣺ţлл㡣
ɳʵִԱһ׸ϡ
ֱסļ򣺡׺滹ҪչˣɲԼȿˡ
ҩ㣬ůޱȵĻøһϣ˼ġ
عЩִٵĵͷ֪㡣
ʶԼʲôҲݺһµķſ˸
ʱű졣
ȥţΪһȾײԱߵĵϡ
״ݺüæȥãȥš
Ŵ򿪣ǴŵɫްѾߣǳȻŶԸ˵
㣬ӺλСƺѾϨЪϢˣҪҪӽȥ





92 ί
Сû˵ͲáһæҡͷҪĻӺС˵ģӲϲźǻ㡣
Ѿ߽ģ֪պĹϵֻԼΣֻλС㣬ʱЩǣ
Ǹ㣬λСʲôأһ
ʶ¶õ˼æ˵ǾͱˣСأС㼸ȣҺǶزˡ
˵ĳĽҪӷǶС㲻𾴿϶ӲãСǸܺõˣػӵġ
ȻһͷˮǼô֣صҲ׵ĵͷ֪˸㣬һͽ˵ġ
š״Ҳˡ
ȻǱѾ˯£ҲҪźҲעŵĴϣôˣ
ǲǼӣСʱģϧײףԶǶܺá
˵񸣹һ۰˭ˣ˭ȱʳˣֶչˡ
˵ԼĸףҲ۵Ŀ˿ģһЩˡ
ֺһЩҲˣǾͺãҲԼ壬֮ҲҪչ˵ġ
ţȥϢɡһȥϢ
á
ߺ󣬸ſ˼˵𲻸ˣǾǲ֪ѡ
סͷȻȷʵе㲻ˡ
Ҳ֪ʸݷͬһ㣬ЩСĽһҲġ
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컹ûѾ߾ȥˣش˵ҹ﷢һθȣСҩʩֺˡ
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ū֪ˡ븣ЩǵʵӣӴͻˣҹС˶С㣬ū澵ġ
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и涨ǰŮżкȥ˳˳ˮ
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ŴŴʸʱһͿϴɣϾܳԷˡ
ţմӦһ˰оһЩ´
ʸÿλãֽͷƸķ١
Ѿֱ᰸ǵѾ߻Ҫá
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ԼƯķͣܺõĻһ䣺𣬲ǻŵǡ
ԭˡĻش˶ʱÿϧ
緹ʱѾǰйˣѯһǸֵôˣ
̾˿˵ӵӻҹͲõˣֻ˼ʹˣһӿ϶Ǵǰˡ
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극ոȥϢʸҲȥ滻øúЪϢһ¡
һϣھǰó׼õ˰ϡ
˰ʮֱ棬ƤⷭܿѪ²Ҫج˰ɣ
ſɲ˰ǻѵŮӣԼ̲ס˸
ʸֿԼ֮ǰƤ˿ڣûãôᣬίˣúõҪֶ
ʶ˶˾ֻ˵ݷǸɻһǿЩǾͲٸȤˡ
˵ŻʸֵָḧǺ˵ļٰ̡
ȴĻӰǰ´ϲЦűס֫ô᣿Էһ
Լǵټǧܱ¶˰ôͻίˣ
ʱŷͨʸ֣Ϸ˺ӻˡ
֪ˡ˹ʸ˲һ䣬ҲֱĦȭơ
Я߳ţųȺѾһſȥ
⣬˵һͿϻд˶ֵġ
һ³һűɫ廪Ůӣһ³һŰɫƷεˣĸףǵˡ
ʸִ̨ףŴӳ񣺡ּĸĸ
ʸ֣˼Ȼʮ־ϲǰ𣺡Ѿͷˣ·Ͽɻƽ





93 Աô
ȴע⵽λ̫̫ľϲЦȴδ۵ס
㰲ʱһԼĪʮСкһϮʱĸʸ
ʸҲЦʮֿȶкͷŻشϷ˵Ļ·ϻ˳ĸλҵĺѣҲĺýãգƽİ
˵תͷգ׵Щůգҵĸ
ռϷˡ֣ߺǰһʺá
ôãҲгһˡ
Ϸ˼ȫߵ½棬ҲʮֲãǴЦ˵úãùֻΪδߣ
̫䣬̿ȡůʱûСģ̿գϷ˵۾ֻܴˡҲԸо̫̫˵⻰ʱе㲻ãǲĻش
ԭˡ̫̫Ҳû˵ʲô
Աߵ˶½ʸ־ȻԼǲõѾزסˣѹŭЦ˵ĸף֣߶䣬ǻǻȥ˵ɡ
ʸֶʱһյ˵ĸ˵ǣûˣЩ̫ˣʧ
˵ţ࿪˸ƣĸĸ롣
½Цеǿ̫̫ȥ
ݹọ̈̄νһʵĿ࣬ʮͷСƨжƺ̡
ָȺһаȻӵĵطһֱڻʸߡ
һ·ϵûʲôֻǸսݻû£ϷɫӵĻʸžͿ޿ܽ˵أĸĸճһ˴ңǿɵΪ
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ʸֲµƤŭļһۣĸ֮ǰΪβΪδ
ߣΪ˶ŮȻҲ̵ܽµĵܵãĸ˵أ
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ʸֽĿ׼˶ĸףǰЩ˵͵ŵĽȸ棡֤ȷ𣿡
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Ѿͷһ˵̫̫½滹лʸżɫ䡣
ʸŸǴﻳָŻʸִʸ֣ǺʱТˣ㲻Ҫ˵
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ʸȴδȻԸˣʮ
ĸ֣½˲Ŀѣʸң
ʸֻԭλҧгݵΣֻ̧ЦЦĿһۣڹ˱׷ƷʸһŮֱҴ󺰴У˴󲻾òô
˽㣬ް𾴣·ϣɸýѵ
仰˵½ŭȫʸŸƷޣ̫̫ҿˡ
ʸֺϾĿɫģֺ˵ĸȨãֱֻ̫Ϊˡ
ˣδ䣬̫̫ڣĿһۡ
ֶضߵֿڣûĻ𣿻֣
ŰɫֶʸֵŵŲӣҲǰ
šʸȴֹ
ڻʸżΪֻǵʱ򣬻ʸȴߵٺϺͶ֣
ٸϺͶеȭŹǵ˾ȥʱѰģҲЦȻԶǡ
ѾǰϺǯסʸţֱӶ֡
׵ðǣžİŶۡ
½ͻʸĸӸ۵ú޲˻ʸ֣̫̫λ˿ʲô
ֽ䣬ʮƺܿʹˣȻ󹧹Ļصʸ񣺡ˡ
ʮİҲûʸŵ׳ͷ
˶󷢵ܲˣĵߣ½ĸĵ׷˳ȥ
ȻͻȻ̫̫ſڣѾͷȥһ˸ջԱôźôã㲻ܰԼĲҹֵϡ
仰ͬһ̺ݺ˻ʸֵҲսסȭͷ
ʱ˿̣ŵĻʸֻΧĿȫ˱ĳʱͬڿʲô¼Ʒһ





94 ̫գ
Ϊ˲Լ˸ѿǿ΢Ц̫̫˵ֱ˷ӹ
ԷˣָձҾͰ˷ѶˣЩɱǧĶֺͽŶҿˡ
һƽգôܺͿΪ֮أ
˵⻰ʱպ޲ð̫˦ùͷˮźãĸͱ
ǿƣ뵽粻ӣ̫̫ջû˵ʲôԭˣ㻹ͦ
΢΢ףпɣơ
˵һ̧֣ջļɽ
ŸձըΪ촷۵ļɽʯ˻ʸ֮˶𾪲ѣ̫̫Ǽɵޱȡ
պԼɵЧ뱣˻ɵģҺýãȻܻȫ
£̫̫ӣǺǣ㽻ҲĸˣСƽ
ϳɾʮ꣬Ǻʶʱġ
Լķǽ˶
ССһҹ˾ҪɱǸʸֳɣ
û뵽ֻв˻ܵõǮվԼ´λԶƫƫϼһǰչʾһ¡
ܿ죬һŻɫĨ־ͶһƯĽԪʮȻսӹԸ
ʸҲվ˵۳ͶĸҲˣ־Ͳˣֵ´Ҷ֪ĸǱ߻ҪץŲţҲûʸʱĸͻعǡ
ȥɡ̫̫ʱͲϽߣֱӰ˰˵
ӰȻӻȥ·ϣǣסʸֵֿ˵ղ̫ˣ̫ˣҺüѽ
ʸֱúܲ˼رġ
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Ҳˡ
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λǿĶ˰ɣū濤ллλĴ¡
˵
æֹĶˣƼˮԵˡ
֣Ҹһ£գõĺѡʸ֪˵ﲻˣӰ죬Ҳȥı˵⡣
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ʸóϢȻʵǰ̫ʲôԸ𣿡
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Լ˵ӣǵף֪֣Ҳû£Ū˭Ҷ࿴
ʸֻе㲻ģٸϸһ¡





95 ˵㡭
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ǸʸóһɫߵķװռʸִϺİ
װϣҲŻʸֲסޣȻϸһϵİ̺۲Ŀ뿪
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ǸʲôӣʸҲԱߣװװֱϳ
ʸּ״治ɫֻǰӻǺϷʺá
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㣡ĪСҲȻ˴ͶЩһСֱǳɫ
˸Ů֮һŴ׶ͷεĹҲЦڣǣ˭˲֪̰°̣˵Ͳ֮ˡ
Īºý˲޾ˣ̰⽫Ҫô찡
ҪըҪֱʸסֻŭŮ˿Ҳôڱտھ̣֮ԣĪԼΣű˺һɣ
˵˸ŭʲôǻʸȴȿڣС豾ʺ̫Ϊ̰Ǽλҥҿ𣿡
Ȼѷ֮ϾЩҹҹ֪ն˶ٻˡ
֪̫ǻʺ󶼲˸ΪܺʱεأǶŮӵ衣
ȻʸֵĻ˲ü˼ɵ
ҲЦһ޲Ťֵͷտȣһץ޹Ůʮ֮ࡣ
ҵڻ̼ǵһ£Ҿ֮ǶĵĹ˵һЩ޹ŮӶǲл
˵˿ɱ˵ĳ嶯Ϊ޹·ֻۡ
ͬΪŮӣȴǹһĶ񶾣˵̵ֲԻʵɽҰùмʶġ
Ϊ˵ִ·Ѿͣ˲С㣬·ĹŮ̫ࡣ
һװĪְ˫˶˶Ķ񶾵ĳȦ
㡢㡭ְ˫۾ˣΧָָģʱߡ
˵ʸֱ˵ҲæҴΧ
ʱǼµѾˣֳʸ񣺡̫ȥ
áʸִʱûбô𶯣ĶָҲڷļҲһķۡ





96 ϳȥ
ܸоѹֵĸо۵ıסļ򣺡Щˣȥ˾ͺá
š򵥵İοȴûʸ˲ȣֺݺݱ⡣
ǻʶ¶ģ
ڼ̫ڵٰʱŮѾѸղŵ飬Ī̼˵Ļ˻ʺ
ʺʮȴͬʮͷЩ˶Իʸֵֻͷۡ
ĸ۵Ĳͻϵĺӣǻʸʧȥĸ׵ֶҪ˼϶۵óԲ·ˡ
ҡΪһЩ飬ҲпݣǼ˸һʸֱֻ
ڣǼСϳȥ
ǡŮ󲢲þȣ֮˳ȥ
պͻʸҲųٰ
һţȿһɫ۵ĸߴӰ
վǰǣͦɣһͷںڳ÷̶ǸӰɢϵϢ
ϣһŽɫװϸˡͷڣϵҫ۶Ŀõӿʮִ顣
͸ǰˣϸ˿˻ʸжʱ¶ϲɫֶ
Ļվϸǰ˻תҲȻӳյС
ʵ絶̰䣬üĿͦ򣬲ŭ
һ˫Ϭ˫ۣռֱһޣ
ͬһʱ䣬ʵۻʸҲսĪеһļ¡
ˣʸʶϥ񣺡򰲣̫𰲡
ֻǸӡ
ϸˣҲ̫Żʸ֣úӣˣ̿
̡˼ҺεĹģʸеίŻֱӿ첽߹ȥ˼ҵĻֶ̣ΪҲˡ
Լ۰籦ĺίģ̫һķ·ҲˣҿĺӰûб㡣
ʸҡҡͷѹίĳҭ
ӵˣʵҲĿҲżֹĺۣĿԱߴߵŮϣ֣
ͳдԣ·һ˰ĵ
Ҿӹյȭ
ʵ׵ҲǺһҵĳˣɱ
˵մɱʸİһˡ
̫˲˵վңҪգĲᷢʲôµ顣
̫ϧĻʸֵļ򣬿ο˵ֶ˵书ǿû뵽ȻǸôС˰ҵĸα֪Ҫʲôʹأ
նʱ²ʲôĸαҵĸα
ȻԸ³çûӣҲ֪ʱôǫ飺Ͳʹ͵ŮûʲôҪģֻҪƽͺˡ
̣壬ĺýءʸҲ˵
ʵԾݵ΢ʸ⻰Ҳ˵ûбֳֻЦǸĹ
̫ҲֻҪʸֿľͺãǿϵ̲סɻ󣺡ֻΪҪߣ
̫ͻϵۡЦش
֪ΪΣʵܾЩϤĵط˵޷̫ҽλС㿴
ǡ˵꣬վڽ䴩źɫ·ϥӾ񣬹˳ȥ
̫ҽʸֶʱһҲ̲סһ乷˹ġ
ܿ죬̫ҽʹ
Ȼǲ£Ҳûɶ˵ģֱӴֵĶŻʵۺ̫ߡ
ɲ˲ŵ̫һ£ֱһ
ʵۿӺҲ˲䲻ֱӵתͷ
ʶԼʧ̬̫ûסԼؿڣúõĹô˳ˣ
ʸֹµĨ᣺һֱû˵̣֪ΪΣǻؾʱ˼׷ɱҲΪ˾Ҳűƽġ
һߣ̫ҽҲϸĸհϵİ̺ۣ˵̺ʮ֣Ҳ쳣ʱһѵͻȻסؿڡ
һ˫ЦЦ۾̫ҽô£ʱһ亹
ʱʸֵĻﴫ̫ҽҲ̬ȡ
дʸֻؾ·ϻɱ̫ʱŭѵĿӡ
ʸҲʮֹⲻȥæοˣЩҲûֵãÿһģɱˡһʹĵֶΣղŻˡ
úӣǺúӣίˡԭ̫ŭƽһЩµĺϧ
ʵҲɫĿڣ޻׷鵽ףģ嶨ỹһ
ʸ˲ͬһŶ裺л塣
ΣֻҪϰ鵽ĶֱӸ߸
֪ǸŮεĺݶҪӣֻԼķʽˡ
ʱ֪Ϊʲô˵ֹ̫ĵĶ̫ҽʵΣ¹˿ɻЩ





97 ΪʲôԹ
ôصκһܶûˣһЩôֲӦǻа취ġ
̫ҽвţƳ̰ЦЦвֻӲͷƤ˵
¹ЩӣһЩĸҩһӦЩɫ䵭һ㡣
̫ҽĻ̫ϧĵͷȥ׼ɣ¹׼һЩϺõҩġ
ǡ̫ҽǿװ򶨵뿪ٰ
Ĵͳÿʮʵ۶Ҫ͹ٻ¼ҾһԲԻʵֺ̫˵һˡ
ʸһٰ졣
棬ЩСһĪ̼ˣΪЦʸֱϳ顣
ԭΪʸһ٣̫϶ʧˣû뵽ҾȻά
ԭ侮ʯ˷׷ǰûǡ
Ⱥ֪ļҹͻȻ˵Ҿǹ˵ҲͬΪŮӣĪǵĻȷʵˣôЩŮҲ޹ġ
ߣҲ˲ͬĻΪǰ֮˵ʲôֻһ
ȵ׼ʼʸֽȥ̫ҽյҪôˡ
ΪᣬΪ˱һЩҵH飬ÿʱļҾ첻ܴѾߣǰ̫ҽԺ·Ͼֻպͻʸˡ
·ϣʸ䲻ڣգԹ𣿡
ΪʲôԹأȴʮֲĿ
ʸֳĬȷʵ
׺һңյĸױҺ̫ˡ
˵¼Ҵӱݺүڱߵʱɽ촦
ηŻ𣬴ӣҲյĴͬһɱϷ˺ʹҲܲס׷ײš
ţ̫ҽԺ档
ΪҪԭ򣬴ʱ̫ҽԺʮְ̫ҽҩͯȥǰʱ̫ҽԺֻлҩ̫ҽ
ҲǸղŸտ̫ҽ
ʸֽ̫ҽ̿񣺡¹ٲμ¹á
ʸʩʩȻ񣺡̫ҽˣǵѣ̫ҽҪ
̫ҽʱֹ촽ǣϵ⣬ʲôû˵
չѹ̾˿˵̫ҽģĳ֮ҪڸҲʲôͼ
ֻ׵λͬһ㣬ŮҪɱǣСŮҲΪ֮
յĻʸǺЦ̫ҽҲ˲Ȼ
ȷʵ¹˵ԼԼŪȷʵԱ첻ʲô˺
ҽģ뵽ͲĹΪ˺±׵ϳǰԼŪ̫ҽҲʮϧ
ʸִӻóһƱ˹ȥ̫ҽС¾ͲظˣϾҳݶ
ҵľ˱һЩ˱֪Ҳб֪Ǿ۾֮ˣأ
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Ҳʲô£ɡ
Ǯ̫ҽҩǣʸֲŴˡ
̽ҲϾٰĵطͿ̫ͻʺѾˡ
ʮů¶ĵط֪ůͶ٣һȥʸ־ͽ⿪ϵĶ񣬹Ů״ҲĬĬǰӹ
ʸִ֣̫Ц֣ʸֻ⣬סյЦߴһ̫ߡ
̫ϯλʵƽߣұһ̴棬ò绨ŮˣĻǻʺˡ
Ȼ̫ߣǻʸֺյķǵһ㣬΢һЩ
մΪ˱ԼܿɱԷޣֻתԼעˡ
Ϊ˸ʸƣҲЦſڣΣ̫ҽô˵
ʸֹɵЦŻش𣺡̫ҽҩ࣬˵ÿնҪʹãһŷӣ˵˰ҩ͹ȥ
ʺҲܸӵ˵⺢Ӿ¹ɣأ
ʸЦŵͷأվͱִأպ
⵱ȻǼٻձʵС£˵ҪԼġ
С㿴۵Ļʸֻôܳ裬׷׶յĳӡ
˶룬ҲʽʼʵǹνĻȻһٱȫ
һˮ¶ǣ𣬴űɴŮ룬׷ڴչʾȶ˵赸
ȺƮӯĲյ˶٣µıĿ⡣
ʸ֪ܣ˵գзܲ㳢
ãҲԵ㡣ӦɫĿһЩ
ƱյûʲôθڳԷֻǳһ¸ղŻʸҨз;ñˡ
һ͵һ𣬴Ů˲





98 һϷ
˭ôɨ˵ʱһ㼸ɲʱ
ղԣһʱס˻ʸֵĿڱǡ
ԼǸλǸѪʱ򣬻ʸһһĵĻ
ʸץסյУԡҩաд̿ͣ
̫󼸸Ҳ̱ϣռ״Ҳ˳ƱŻʸһߡ
Ȼֲ̫ͬǣЩ輧ʼٵٴٹˣͬׯ϶¶Եı顣
һ㣬һźɫٷ˸ĵվͷЦ
ĺĺ˼ð
ֻһ輧ƺҲҩƣĵ׷ſСɵƯСɵ
һ׺ͷҲҰѼӣ죡ץ
ԶһСͻȻݺһƣдֱд㾹Ȼʺϣ
иټ̫̫ϣŻˣ˰
๾࡫Ҫˡһߣһеƾﻹˮ
⼦ɹһĻĿɹĻʸֶˡ
Щ״̬ˣ˶ͦĻʵۼ촫̫ҽ
ԼĳӺҾ񣬻ʵ̫Ѩݺݳ鶯š
ܿ죬̫ҽӵ룬ְ˽ŵĸЩ˰
ֶû°ɣ̫ܵξţʱɫʮѿӦæĵĿʸǡ
ûأʸãȻҡҡͷĵĿ̫
Ȼ̫ûµʱ򣬻ʺͻȻһվָǰһ̫ҽ¶ˣ㾹Ȼû㾹Ȼҳڱǰ
һ䣬˫һݣתͷŻʺ
ʺں˵˵ʲôʵҲĻòᣬֱѵ⡣
ȻʺȴûĻһץϵĲ̿Ӻݺݵǰ涪ȥ˻ߵ˻
ˣˣһҶҸ㵱ɱһΣھɱڶΣ
˵ĴЦ㻹֪ɣǸӣٳǸСѾȥιˣϧˣ̫죬Ȼûۿ
նʱŭѵҪ֣ȴߵĻʸסֱۣգ˵ʲô
Ļʺ˵Իôݺʱô統˵˳˿ûע⵽ܻôˡ
ˣһ֮ŮƾʲôȫҶʺʱһӣ˵̬ûˡ
ʵĻ˵ɢŨŨѹһֲˡ
һȺ״̬̫ҽ˴ʱѾŵɪɪ±ʵˡ
̫ǱಡָŸһĻʺ󴭲
̣÷ʸżѣǿڻûȥչ˶á
Ҵε̫ҽ췭ظ뵽ǰĻһ˫ƻʵ۵۾
ѾһݺҺδӵϷ룬ӦǱȥιʱûı˾ˡ
ʮŮװٰŮӻΪ˲˷֣װò
ֹˣ̰վߣ
ţɫһգ߬ȭͷֱģӼᶨĵĲ²⡣
ҲǸӣ̰˶֧֣ʶµĿԼ
ԼʱʾãܼһЩǲŴ֮ˣ
ţԽڵĸ̫β
̰֧־͵̫֧֣ƽ̹ĿׯԶ
һߣܲɱ˵ʱ򣬻Ѿ˰ѻʺѺ˻ȥ
֪֮ͥ¶ֲ㣬Ҳֻܰ³嶯ȵٳһЩ֡
Ѫ𲻹죬¼ҵĳ׵Ŀ࣬ƱҪǧвܳ
̫ҽǵһڣжָ
̫ĺƽʱһͲСͷüëȫ׵̫ҽǰ
ر£̫Щ﷢һĢ¹ٷѾԹĢͻ֢֮ῴԼϲµ
зһѬ㣬ƽʱʹ޶մ㣬ʮɢʹȫ
һ̫ҽҲ˵ǣĢĶƺܿܵѬĶԡ
ԳĢ˽ҩȻʼ񲣬ûĢڻȫ̱
ԶЦȻǳ˲¹ͷĵط
Ȼ˸ڹ϶ֽţʵ۲һӣ飡Ҳ飡





99 ̣
ΪʹֽŷȫԵڵ̧˳ȥֵ顣
ʸ־ſջ̫ҽ˶ûҵĳǡ
ܵӣΪаŮװ̫ҽѾ뵽ġɸѻӺŮĿ갮¡
ḻԼжˣ¶Ҫл԰һ¡
Ͼǰ۾֪ǵġܡôҲһϵˡ
̫ҽŬδ󳼺͸Ůʱ򣬺滻ȴͻȻѣһֱĨ󳼵Ĳӡ
һˣҲ׷׶֣һʱڿ޺ҳһš
ʱ򣬼书ǿĴֱ̿ɱ˴̨ǻʵۼ˵֮
ӳνԸŵĿԼ£ųģǷ𣿡
ΪˣҲųǺЦһǣʵۣɣ
˵ţһ֣ЧһϵҲæǰݡ
̫ܹҲ˷ȥŻʵ䳷ˣ󺰴Уݣݣ˰
ٶ˶Ǵ̿͵Ķ֣ӳܿ챻ųĺܡ
ҲѾŻʸ֣˳ǹҵĵ̫㵽˰ȫλá
νҩȻûЧΪʲôҪȥԼĳˣ
̫̫ܰҽշŶں棬żĿǰ棬ٵú񷢲һ
̫ҽ仹㰲ȫű̿ͱƵǱĻʵƺ¶ĳ־һһһҧϵĳ˳ȥ£
ϺȥղмЦһ
ڴ̿͵ĵҪ⽴ʱջǳһ£һ̫ҽˤ˸ʺͬʱҲ˴̿͵Ŀ
һƬңĸ׾µҪȴԼĺӺˣϧԼ嵲һĻǺݺݴա
Щ޹ĹŮ̫ĴصӣЩƲסԼ
һ֣ͱҪȾȻʵۣ뿴
Ȼ
ѪصĴҧǿԼҪȥ
尾ʱ򣬻ʸȴۿǲ̵գա㡭
Ȼû˵ôε¼ʸҲ֪նԶҩߵ顣
Լʱıͻֻ֪ǲЩ˺̵˶ѡ
ǡ
̫ļӣ̲ס
֪֪ǡ
ͼ尾ѣŰ˰Ŀ⣬Ҳ¶ģԼ
šʸ֪Ҳǲ̣ͷ
ˣҲٳɣֱӳȥһ߷˻ʵ۵ӡ
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ȴûǣӴ̿
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״ֳɤӴ󺰣ݣ¹ݣҪ
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ϣȥһſױ̿Ϳ˼ϽҲ󺰡
շ겻ѣת˲޲ֽǸˡ
һ˲䣬һֱĻʵȴĿŮкڵĺᷳ
𾪲ѣŮȴûַųĲһ
Ǳɱ޹֮ˣչǵĵԼֱϻһ
žʹźųǶԽʱвһƽú˼
ųȻ޴ʧҲ֪ǲյĶ֣ס˸˵ơ
ǳˣռ׷档
һЮѩϣž澹Ȼѩˡ
ŷ׷İɫѩһοȴûж࿪ģ۷ȥ
ڰʹ˷̫ҽԼ϶ˣȴҪȸ˿ڡ
ĻʵһȺ˷ϣ̫ҽȥ̫
մҴƳһۣȻ첽߻ػʸߣô
ʸҡҡͷĵȴֱˤĻֱ£û£ǲǺۣ
áȷʵۣ۵ޣ֪ԼܵҲ̫עˡ
ʸѣ̫ҽҩΪ





100 ǡ
ȵҹȥְ˰˷׷ͳȥ
ʵۺ̫ҽһѾ̧̫صٰʸֲȻҲһҲֻܸš
̫ҽΪ̫ʩ룬ƽĻʵ۲ʱ俴գ¹Ȼոǿζ㡣
¿ˣڹŶҪʱ䣬²Ůȼݳ˾ͺá˳ԼΪʲô̿͡
ԭɻĻʵҲ˲ȻǻǶղųһ۹ڻû뵽¹ﻹŶɲС
ҸĶžѧˡֱȭŬķꡣ
յδϼ޻Ļʵǰ̵ķȫ˶ԷС
᲻ѣȴǾԼСʵѹĵɻ͵˵ĸһǸˡ
⻰հ޵еĺá
뵽۰ԼģЩǵģҸǶأƵĴӢۡ
ŮʸҲǻʵ۲֪ΪҲű᲻١
ֻǻǶǰ¶̬ȶ
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ѾȻ˯̫󣬻ʸҲ˿
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տſڹ˵Ҫİˡ
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漸䣬ʸ־֪ڵԼ֪̫Լôѡεǣס֣
Ҳһ߰ɣΪ˰ҲŻˣΪͬĺýôһܿأ
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˵Ҳ֣䶼дˣȴҪŪһ齡
֮ǰΪ齾ǹԴĳƺȥ֪ŷ֣ǿģ˯õġ
齣ϢģȴխһЩҲŰֱϢȷʵ
̺ãֱӱĻʸ˯ϡ
С˿ڡɵϣʸСĵı˵ֱۣḧ
ûµģܿͻˡձǹˣֻǲñ̫עԼԼҲæο
ʸȴ̲סʣʮʹУһǳ̰ɣ
ֲޣѾûʲôоˡռ״ᱧסο
ʸҲѹĻر
һȷʵۣܰ׵£ûһ˯ˡ
ڶ峿ĶҲȥϸűӼС˯
ⷬڣʸֺΡ
֪ҲڱԼñֱ˵ԼԲŻӪԼͬһϢҲǺõ˯һѵġ
ϴʱ˽ŹŮֱ齣Ҳ˵ķִ硣
˭ɹһЩ¡
˾Ȼסһģ̫鶼ʮ΢
ڿӦˡ
Ͼ˭Ӣۣ¹ＸξȿΪʱ̣Ǹ˼ǻ޷ֹ
ǡ
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