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1˫࣬ԭҲ࣬裬СЯŬ¸
2СоУ衢
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5ԭŮ
6з
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лģϹĲظ֪

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⣺ȳɼҵ

1



1 
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µԶи⳱ʪϲһ꣬ˡ
¾Ϳʼز֣ڵĻѾʣ٣ϵˮ֪쵽ˣ˶³ͷ£ȥڿ֡
ǰˮ˹ʺˣŷ֪ൽǴӡ
ǴļǷԱʹ峤һȥ֪࣬µظɻʱҲͣĻźӱߵˮϴ˰ֺƵߡ
Ϊ996Ѿ㼼ɣٸɾٸɡ
࣬Ůҵ֮ȫtop50Ĺ˾ҵҵϰ࣬һ·ɵ㣬ΪӰû˯ûѷϰλˣ28ꡣ
ǰһ졣
ԭΪôˣȴٴۣԼֻ˹İļӿԣһ֪ԼǴˡ
һϲġ֪ļ衷ԭֻǸбһʴ·˼ס
ػһֻһ뷨ҲӰˣ
ˮһʱ䣬Ӧúܿ죬ȻʮЩ࣬иϳһһ֧ĵǶŮޱȡ
ڴһֹ˸Уŵ˼ǷԱɵĻ
̫ݣڼ˽ʲôӣ˵Ҫʹ峤ȥϽ֪͵ȫ鿪ʼӡ
࣬
ൽʱڵĴѾվ˲ˣվڽ˷ܵ֡
䴽һЦ߹ȥվߡ
Ǵ峤ŮҲǼڴΪѡ
Ҳ֪ҵҪʲôʱŻ࣬˵ӵ֪мǾеģ˵е˶ˣ˵б㻹ƯŮ𣿡еż֣˷ܡ
ڵĳǰ벻󣬶һذ׹ѵĹë̡ͦÿֻƤܰס
Ůòһص϶С
ŮòҪ֪Ůĳࡣ
˵ڡ֪ļ衷ⱾϲĽɫŮǶŮ
еȴĺرֻŮСĽĵ׹ˤ飬ͱԡٰƣÿζȡ
ػؾУڵ֪ʵݺ󣬿½ӱ½ҵȨƣŴҪŮĸ顣
½ȴʼһŴιӶΪŮ֮ľͨĶĴɢ˽ԣˮĴ֮Ӷ
˹ŮԽԹޣԼӱͼŮºӣһʱ췴Լȥɥ޲õӵ˵˷ߡ
ԣֻܺӽ飬ڿŸ߿Ůյ¼ȡ֪ͨɱ
µһﶼŮáܣֻм࿴Ȼʧ˸֣Ҳû󿴡
˶ȴֻϲ˵ʲôԭ
һƽΪ˶ŮĴڲ˲صǶʱÿڴ¾µ½ڿӰ
ҼʮдĽ֣û˿ҡ
룬ʵҲûж໵񶾣ֻǡҪؼҶѡ
ô򵥵һԸȴûһܰɡ
ŮߵǶʱ䣬µԱҲΪĵѹսս˰ʱת
ֹļ֪࣬Ҳ۷׷ס
˵֪֮沦ǵʳࡣ
ҲЩ֪ģ˲εεģôɻ
꣡ҪǷʳǾˣ

һһ˵ͻȻԶ˹Ǵ峤ţˣʱס죬Žǰ
ꤵԽԽֻǰţ彫ǣһͣ˴ڡ
峤򶫺ʹ֧鼾ΰţߺȣ֪ǣطˣ³
ΰţɫƣ԰׵֪࣬һʱЩͷۡ
Ҳ֪Щ֪඼Щʲôţ˾Ÿ˱ǿô·ţ㶼߲ˡ
Ů֪֪½ţǰŰ
վһߣۼһŮ֪ҡҡ׹ǶµԸ񣬴ʱȴʶǰַסԷļ
ǰŮ֪ഩų䳤㣬ɴΧֻ¶һ˫ɫƯ۾
šüЩģû°ɣܡ
û˵꣬Ů֪ͻȻһ嵹˼໳С
֪εˣȥ״æᱧ𣬺ͼΰһæԺϡ
Ҵ·ϣϵ룬Ů֪࿴ݣû뵽ᡣ
ƿӣ֪εˣ
ӽŴ򿪣ʾ⼾˷ڴϡ
֪ϵɴժû˿ڵһ¶ڵжһĨޡ
ԹԣСҲ̫ˡࡣ
򵥼һһ
һ·̫ˣеѪǣడѾͷιˮϢϢͺˡ
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Ƚſ죬ؼ˶Һˮ͸ϿصŵŮһһιˮ
һˮȥŮԭ԰׵ɫÿ࣬üҲչ촽ʪŰԽԵýΣĺĻ
ŮβϣûǴĻԭŮı־ÿдŮɻʱҪһβ롣

һ飬ûסָǿС롣
ָһèһ
һ֣ٿϵˣۣ˯úܰ֡
ָ𴽣ס˿ĿڣĬĬ˵һ䣺ܸܼ㡣
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Ҳ֪˶ã΢΢һһ㶯۾һ˫ǳɫӡ
ˡ
ԼëŨ˳ڼͷĳžһд˿裬Ҫ˯ʱҪϼ֡
Щţ򴽣ˣûﲻ
ҡҡͷĽ´һ
ǸƾɵŮˣϴŶĹУЩ֡ˣֺ
ģӵģŮʮֲ
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ҧҧѹĵĲǰļллл㡣
浭Ȼص˵ͷȴ˼
˭ҥǻŮˣôòԼл
ˣȻҲ֪ռĴλ
ڼע֮´ЬҪվû뵽ȻڷŹǰյ˼Ļ
ǼΪ˲ȥ֣°͵ڶԷļϣǼŵ㡣
ҲᵽŮɢ˵ϸظѹסģʵ̫ˡһʱ˵ն΢졣
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࿴Щ׵ĴȻʲôӿڴͳһǹġ
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Ů˵ͷǿűֽĴǣɻǴؽӹǡ
лл㣬ࡣԲǰƺԼûж⡣
ֱ㶵ؿǺŴӸղŵչлع
ںڷµĶ΢΢죬ԺЦЦУôÿЦʱһͻȻעԵġ
֪ôǶŮأ
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ʮ÷һͶס
ǴСƨɺܣϲɤӽ֣Ҳ͵͵ʡµĿ
ϱӣ޳ʵѡ뿪Ǻ˽飬ʮ١
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Ѽ㰡
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Ǯ
ԭֻҪ飬ôҲû뵽ǱԼԽԽ
Ҫζķ
ҪƯ·
Ҫ˺˯ҪױСͷҪͳ˯һŴϡ
½磬ʮ˷̾һΪŵȻϽȫ˺ã
ϰ߳ŵֿԲǰ׸x̰԰СŮϵŮƯԸã
ϱˡпԣûŸԼԿ

2



2 
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͵֪뿪ˡ
վԭأ˼ضıӰһŽ
֪ʵʾһƾɵӣһӣŮֱ֪סһ䣬Ժ䣬ǰԺǳ
ʱֻ½վһ֪˵ʲôŮЦ̣ȴɫ
ŵĶҲ˵ע⣬״½ǰ¶ݣ½ӿм־ޣģסĶɣЦŹĵ
û°ɣε֮Һ½ӻ֪ǿɵˡ
½Ӽòڣһ·ΪĲҲɢЩֵصͷ
ԣֻǵôǣֱӽߵӡûأһŮ֪˺ϼ
½ӼԼԣɫЩãһʱղŻƫҪԼ˸ƨɣҲûкתˡ
һεվԭأҧŴݺݶ˶š
˷˺ϼҲкûжô󣬵Ҳòȥ
һͨ˯ˣǰռȥλãʣ¸ߵλãֻǴѣݶƬҲ͸⣬һϵĵݣʪġ
һʱЩмǿˣȻԼĻιȥ
ݶ©꣬Ҫô˯
˺ϼһ࣬ҲЩΡ
ԭ˵˯ӣһ䲻©ꡣ˵Ůݣһ𼷼ܲˡ
ֱӽıӵλãԼ̿
Ĳʱţ̽ͷЦ˵ҿ÷ˣǿԷɡ
Լõλı챻˴©ˮǿλúɫһ˲
ռλãҵıǲеˣҧѯʡ
̧һۣβղųЩӣѪɫָ˲٣޵ԵԽйԡ
˳˵ס㷢Ļ©ĵطȻҲӦ˯Ŷԡ
ЩԹһת۾Ϳͷѳ
ӾеԶ;УϳλǡúڻżȻϹһβ׹̵ϳˣ֬¶һʱ棬
֪СУ
ԸݣȴĸŮȴҲйԽܵõĶԽҪǱ˯ŵʱ͵͵ϵĺ
ԭ׹ú͵ģһʱֻ׹ˤˣڵ˲롣
󣬵һʱ䷢ַԼСĵ׹ˣǰֹ˵һоʹ顣
ڴѳˤؿɴƹˤֱ׳
˭㲻ҿģҿͲᱻˤˣ
ֱӵŻ˵棬ݺݴһƣ档
˵Ŀ˳
⼸ڻϣ֪඼Կ֮䲻Ը
Ȼôӣͷֱӳȥץͷϵҡ
ݺݵѡĵطƾʲôҪҵģ㳤ƯȵĿɲǳ࣬Ϊ˭ҪǨƢ
ҽ˲ҳ׹Ųϣİף˲
žһʮİٴϣ˲߸ļڵء
һ˲
˺ϼһ߿Щ޴룬ŵǱˡ
֮䱾Զ֪˶׷ǰ鿴
֪࣬ôˣ
վſڣЩĵ￴
ˣգ޵滨꣬òίһߵŮһ׮ӰһߣһǺ޲ٴϼơ
࿴޻СЩۣ˷佫һ۸֪ࣿ
ֹסᣬίίǣԼСˤ˵ϡ
ΪڵĻŭˣϵأѵҲԼģ
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ʱ½Ҳ˷䣬ü˺ϼˣȫĮ𱸡
ԼĶƮƮɨһۡ
ǼΪʲôҪŮ˵ķ䣿
ԭĵ񿴵ʱӵĻ˲䲻ݡ
ⲻ۸֪࣬Ů۸һСҲ˼
˺ϼһ죬Ǻˣŵңʲôû
ķŲһ˲䣬ֻʣγ˶ľ档
ָһͣԽ䵭Ҿ۸ˣôǻҪң
㣡½һ߿һ޿ֵģҲЩָ˵һ֡
½ֻ֪࣬Էѣû뵽ֳ֪϶ǹģǱ
һúĹΣϹⳤࡣ
Цһǰ㲻ֻһҲԡ
࿴һ۶Ⱦҵ۾
һ仰ǰʣĸ֪඼ˣֱֲִֻܺ޺޵س˷䣬Էȥˡ
Ȼ̬ȣͲķ
˺ϼ뿪֮ǰĿע⵽ߣ۾û̧һ¡
ڷｫһ㶫ʰ֮Ħе׹
ȥĸĶһֱϧȴڻϱˡ
ˣܺƽദˡһһȺˡ
Сڣµس¸ȢһӣܲˣҲһչˡ
ֻǲСͺĸļƣ磬ûһصء
Ľƴһ룬ҪһؼҲУһҹӡ
ȻǸŮˣ࣬˵Ǵ֧Ů

ÿ˵Ǽ깤ֺƵػ˼ңߵſڣżһɰԵʳζ
Ǽᣬļ
ʲô㰡ߵſЦؿڡ
ûصһۣ´ȫͶ֪ҳˣ
Ǽ⣬һⲻףͲסб£˰궼Բ⣬ʱͷմȣȻҪҴŵ͵㣬ȻٲҪٱ
ܹǼΨһһӣ»ǳģŹغ֮ٽ򿪣Ͱζ˲ŷ
һȣżһ߳ȥҡ
۾źһ
Ҫ˵˵һǿԼǶһ԰ĸ
ϱǸ¶Լƴ֮Ÿܵĸذů
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࣬ϱǲǵͶ̥ԼҶ϶û¶٣˴ûص
л˵
[Ц]ллӪҺ

3



3 
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󼾰Ų׺ˮŵģװõĲ׷ζŨļ⣬һǣʳסˮǹż
Ůʿ춹ģƽһƢʵһĳ
οǼҪΨһŮ硣
֪㣬ţɨųԷˣûм
֮С

ǸŴŲֲ·ĴãвԼͬġ
ֻ˺ϼŵĶ֪
㲻ٺ˷ʱ䣬÷š
Ǽࡣ
ȻҲĶֻǡʱʲô
˿ɫѾǻɵһƬˡ
ţüż࣬ʲô£
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˵ţҲԸŷ켷˽ȥ
ȻؽһʱЩǽŸˡ
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Ҹ˵Եģ㻹ûԷɣ
ԣ΢΢һԼͳԵģ
ΪʲôԼʾ
ʵ*ôܶʾá
ĳ̫ˣԴ˲ҽӽ󲿷˶ĵһӡͲãҲȥӽ
Щ˵һˣǴбĿġ
ǿǮǶ¼ҡ
ǼӽΪʲôأЩɻѵѾ֪Լʵݣ
ĻҲˡ
²⼾ͼһ
Ͼֻ֪ԷԼͼıʱܹİýܼĺ⡣
ûԡ
ཫ׸ÿкԣģڻȺء
ζ˲˷䣬һûԷڻҲûθڣʱŵζûס˿ڿˮ
û׼꣬˳˫Ӻӡ
һ鼦⣬յߣü䣺һڿϲϲ
ԥһǾҧһڡ
۵ļ⻹ŰŴ·ϴպ˺üøˡ
ʹû˵ҲԿŮϲģ˫˵۾΢΢𣬴Ҳһ㻡ȣһֻĺꡣ
ͻȻðͷϲԼġ
ϵЦˣԱŲһóԷ
԰ɣ
żƵڼҳԵĶǾף׷˵ЩɤӣڼװļͰ࣬θСЩҲܹ
ֱضԷֻƯԷҲһһĿ
֮˰ǣ̧˼ۡ
Բߴ׷𣿡
ע⵽ûôӦ취׬ǮƱˡ
ͷҳˣ࣬˵ˣֺҵĿʲô
Ļ˵ĺֱӣŮʵ΢΢һ㶡
࿴۵׵ľ裬΢΢̾һֻܽԼĿ˵
΢΢ЩűǼҪѡ
ѣûסɫЩĪؿŸԼͷŮˡ
ֺԼԭΪҪԼѣ
Ŵ䵭ƭңҪʲôڲ˵ĻԺ͸ûˡ
౻ǿװ䵭ģЦ΢΢̽ԵȥץסһһȵƤӴ
˵ģѡ
ǰŮ˸Ҫ˵ʲôȴһϡ
ţҪȥ

ЩϧؽַſĶʰã֪࣬ˮǼҸ緹
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Ҳ˵׷ˣˮһûûζһӾŵµʳ
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֪Ǳһ·۵ĲУ趼ûϴֱ˯ˡ
ϴ裬ϧﳢ˺üζʧܸգֻˮ򵥲˲ӡ
ڶ죬ú硣
ϸӣܵ︻ǿһ룬»ȥժˣ˼ܲڣһ˶ʮӡ
õİӷ󣬼౳ű¨ʹСһȥɽһݣιպð
ϼӾˡ
ˮ񿪿ѻĵأÿҶһԼĲ˵أϹǰСʱΰͺ²Ŵӵæ
ժİײ˷ŵſڣ½һϵüĺݺһһԼòŵĸǿѾһ롣
࣡ûסߵǰס䡣
Ҫộĺö
һƬֺãĵĶ̣ˣǶɰˡ
ºݺݵһۣһܳꣿ
ڨЦҡⲻҪѴ緹
ѣô֪˼ôҼ
ҿϱǴС㣬Ⱳַô󡣡
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ˣϻһ鼾ΰֱרʱ䡣
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Ⱥ֪峤İűǾģ˭ȥۻ
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峤һ㶣ϸһȷʵ˸ˡ
أ
ҧҧֹǿڵ֪Ӧò͵ֻ˯̫˶ѣȻ峤Ϲɡ
˺ϼվһߵͷû˵ֻ˵ͷ
峤üһ뷢ͻȻ廰壬֪ȥϹɣ˸ɻȥ֪ࡣ
峤һͷУǰȥ
Ե֪Թ޵񣬽Ǽǳں͹ֵıպá
·ڴװŵİӻȣ֪ߣЩ
ԭ˽⣬ʹҪϹҲڵһȱϯ
֪㣬ţ֣û˻Ӧ
󼾰໹ֱӿŴ˽ȥһۿ˯ڴߵüەiŮ糺죬һ
ȡ
ˡ
¼ЩˣҪֳȥȴŮ߬סָ⣬Ůèһزģ³һ֡
ȡ
Ķ컯ˣŮϴŵļֽ壺
һ㣬㷢ˣҴȥ
л˵
棩˵Ҫ󣬹ʱ
׹밮Ӱ棩ҪʲôҶ㣬ҪҲ[˹]
ллӪҺ![][][]

4



4 
è
Ҳ֪ǲǱ˽ȥץżָЩ˿׳ֽ˴ᱧ
ƮƮģûʲô౧ߵû˿
ӼǣЩȣ
ôˣ
ҲЩΣ쿴ˡ
¼һȷʵЩգǳ;̫ۣҹ²
ƿҩˮһ룬˹ĿЩϤ
գգۣſڣȴúޱȸɬûסһ
ˣһˮˣû
ˮ˺ѶˣôʣŵĽëһ˵ͷ
״ЦЦİӴ򿪵ݸӻ¶ȣڳҲʡ
ץİӣ˵ʲôܣЩӡ
ллⱲòʱչָ˼࣬ΪԵɵƫ̻͹ġ
ë׵ĳûס࣬ûϵ˵ѣ֮Ӧ໥չ˵ġ
СڿŰӣʣôóġ
ЩʳÿһζҧһڣϲԽ˵ġ
ҲϲԺܲ
𣿡Щ죬ԥܲڵİùھ˶ǣ˿ⱻй
㶵ؿһϼҧŴ˵
ԹĶôܼء
Ӻȫ⣬ֻܽ˵Ļѹĵף̫ˡ
һӾͱˣʣµļŶȳԣιҩ
ֻǵգˮˣȥϢһ졣
֪֪Ǳģ࿴˷ֵĴһۣȥҼϢòãҸóԵĲ壬֪֪඼Ǻˣ۸㡣
ԣ΢΢Щ
˺һſѯʣЩɬô֪ǶǺˣ
Ȼǣ϶˲õ¡
أ
۾ˮĺеӳӰҲӦòҡ
߿ЩΣʶŲЩŭ˭˵ģҾ㣡
ĺèڴʱͼͨĵĲ
ŻˣȻ㲻ܾҾ͵ͬһؼˣֻȥϢһ£ġ
廹´ȷվסֻܽͷڼؿڣؼҡ
Ǽģһֱ˴ϲɢЩ
Ϣȥ㵹ˮ
źһ
ƾɵ֪㲻ͬש߷ڼдǺܳ谮ĴӡһӦȫȫʵľģ¡
ҹ²ܴº̵ҲǺʵ
һˣôĪһİ֪ʾأ
ʵż˵Ϊһ֮ԵͶԷأ
ֲһ顭
뵽һ٣˲ǰ˵֪ͨͬԳ֤Ϸ
һʺ˽͡
Լһˣ
һ뵽⣬һͼ֮Ĳ̫ô붼ǲһġ
໹ǳİɡ
ĴϣǼİûı춼˯úܲ˼һ֮˯ӿûסصƤԺİĴ˯˹ȥ
˵嵭ģҪɻؿһ㡣
Ҫʱ䣬ط俴۸ű˯պֹԹԵйС
ˣȻҪŮ۸ˡ
˷ȥתһȦ½ǼһǱǰӲݰεᡢͷ󺹣˲俪ˡ
ʮ¹ºͼΰǰ
ϼ̲ˣЩ֡
ôһ˻Ҫ룿
Ц㲻˵ҪҰ㿴ҽˣء
£
ûһı飬ȵΰҲ֮ʹһͰˮϴϴȥ𴲡
ӷ˺ºͼΰʱҲЩΡ
ܣҺ˵֪ѡ
ӡáӲͬǴ˸к
ΰ˵ͷǺºͼһ޵տأôƯ˲ɴ۾кԷˡ
˼ͺм䣬½ĵŲǰ˵㷢ˣȵȺģ
ôԶǴ壬֪ǲף֪డԺʲô¾ҼҰУǧҪ
±ĳãǸƯ˵Ҳκθ߰˲˲ٺøС
źµ߶ͷʱϼǻҲЩɬ
Υظܵ˺ĸĹġ
ЩѹͻȻһ񣬡ųģʣ㳢
ɫӣл
극󣬼ΰȥϴ룬ʣŮ졣
½´һ飬Ǿôôÿʵ
ôεεŮӣ͵ô簡
º죬඼ûнйǳƺú
ûôִѾȥˣҰֺͺһҼ˹ûֻˡ
󣬼Щ۵ؿοļͷ
ֱڿ죬ֱӿڴǸöԱ˵ŮȶԼŮãԺҲ֮һ𡣡
뵽һĨ񣬡ǸŮҲ֡
࿴壬Ŀۺ£ԺҲ԰ﵱңϲ㡣
һ㶣Ҳ͵԰һ;УȥǸˣҪԸĻ԰ҺҼͷӵ͵
ҧŴźϵ˵ܾĻֻõͷ
ƫͷȥЩԹ࣬˻ûһ𣬼ྐྵȻҪĸˡ
һ۵ļǼ⣬Щģڵˣ˫ƯĵһǴŹһڹˣµҲˡ
϶
һںºͼǰҲ˲١
绹ҪϹ»ط˯һ
廹ϴϢһ
Сڱ£ؿż࣬ҪϴԼһ˯
౻С񿴵ûסǰգȻǺԼһ
˲Բ۾¶İƤյĺ죬üҲšţŲ˵ģ
ң
ɫ޹¶ǳЦֻѣֲۣôôС
ˣԹϢһҲһ˯ġ
ô˵ûȫģ˷ɢ˾裬۾
û˯ϰߣȥԼҵĲ˵Ӳݳ֮ȥɽϡ
ϲ񣬱೶һ㣬춼꣬ժľ
Ҳǵһᵽè˵ĿУȻսӻèè˻Ϥ輫ˣιèʱСè̬ȺһһĿ֡
룬ҪúУιһ㣬Ÿ
л˵
jjһֱΪǲˣøˣ
ϲĻղӪҺ~~лл[]

5



5 
򱦱ֵͲ
ڼҳͰͻ֪㡣
͵ط󣬼תȥȴס
ɫ谵ҹĻγ¹޵ϣԽĵƤӨףһֻ˵ľ֡
ҧŴȻŤȸҽһ¡
˳ظ󣬿ˣԼ﷭ҳһɫֵͲ
ЩܳһʱҪܾУ⡭̫ˡ
ͷĵӲƷǽλֵͲʱҲҪŹҵȯĿǮҲʹ峤иֵͲ
һۣţںˣȥɣҪĻˣ
˵Ʋͷȥٿࡣ
Ƣ
๴𴽣ˣžˣˣ

֪ǹȻҲô֪ôؾܾ
صң¿ֵͲϡſ˿
Ūģ
ʵһ˻ȫҵġ
Ӵ⺢ã
ʮͬص˵ͷԼѰ֪
¿ֵ֮Ͳ˻ʮֱطźá
˯ǰ໹üΰʹ峤һ죬һɵĹΰӦˡ
˵һľ棬ڶϹ֪ǰ˲ֿ⡣
ǩֺ峤Ů֪һȥӲݣü˲
ɫؿԷ˳Ľëû˵
³һҪϵǰõļ
Ǽýģһҧȥڳ㡣
˶ǼǺúϵȥ
ǽ챻ֵ˶ǵĶϣһһɫصϲˣͬģǰ꣬ڵӲҲ١
ǷһĻмӣһ۾Ϳ˺ϼһһĥ󹤣¹µһһרעذӲݡ
ã̫ؾͳˣѾЩɹˣպܿһƬ죬Щ
Щۣأ̫ɹˡ
ߵ߶ߣ緹𣿡
¶ȵϢڶϣͻȻֵһеĶҲܿ
û˼һۣüԵԽ
ˣ
ЦһɰøɾֽձߵʪŪ󣬡Բ𡣡
Ǹٶȷǳ졣
ע⵽·ڴĹҵģȳ緹һ
ԣҲûкóСڳš
һרעһûע⵽Ķ죬ͻȻ뵽ʲôԼˮݸ
轺棬ҪǾøɰ;ͺһڡ
˹ȥԥһʳ˿ڣù𣿡
˵ͷҲûʲôԡ
ϱЩŹtagƵŮǵΪǺܵġ
ȥǳ̬˵ŮǻͬһϡͬһܣٲֹϵܵĹ۽ǡ
н񱣬Ҳһˣûкͱôܵ¡
ڴ뵽ԼЩĶĻĽ·𲻴һ㣬ڴ񿴵Ƶܡ
׿ڳ֮ոȵĲ񻰡
۽޲˳ĽëɵĵᣬҲżԵˣüܹ֡
˶ûһҪͶԷһˮģõĻŻñܰɡ
ҼЩɣȷʵˡ
˼һšӣһˮ
ˮǼǣЩ̵ġ
Сںˮģ뵽ͷˮȵСèһʱҲЩʣȥ۾
Һһڣеʡ
ЩԼģ˵ʲô
ֺЦЦе~ιҺһ
춼ǼչԼǵһԼ˵˲չ¶֡
˺һڼĴߴ֮½ˮת˸߶ɫ촽ι¡
֮ԵΧûάֶãǱһغ죬ûĶ̧ͷǴۡ
ûǰ㱻ſζļûиɻ󳹵ײƽˡ
͵վθߣô͵ɻ
һɤӿνǴܱߵ⻰ǣĬһ˲ָӰ˿ʼ
һʱ䷴Ӧʽ޴룬ͼһۺʶԼʶҵջߣ۾촽΢
˺ϼ͵һû˵أֻϢһ³Ը緹Ϳʼˣ
٣ֶൽȥپͼǶٹ֣ٸټǵ㹤ûôĻ
ۼ࣬ǷԱ˵أǲҪ۹֣
ЩһҲǲҲҪ۹֣
ʱ䱾٣ÿ֪ڵĥһͰѹ˭Ըɣ
ʱôָһʱÿ˵϶ÿſǵ񶼿ʼ
վ֪û͵ֻǿû緹ϢһӣǾò𣿡
ǺĵǸʱ˼Ļ˲ͷԿԣ
ǴҼĻɡƮƮĻº˶ͷٶ໰
Ҳûһۣ㻰࣬ƫҪȥһ
ͷû˵Թһڴ۵չ²
һ¶ȥһҲǸߴïͶӰӿԵסա
ɹóЩֹۣ֪һñˡ
Сûɻѯʣôˣ
ҡҡͷ˸⡣
ô峤ֵСһݺòãϵɺܶ࣬ÿֻ֡
ϵصĹǰ˹ߣҪʳǮġ
ԣ۾һС𣿡
ҾԽ̻ǸԪѫ飬ǵļƣ϶ȻҲÿǵ㹤֡
౻񿴵ĶˣڲԾ˼֣Ȼԡ
ҪͣҪȥˡ
ϴεĴǵã
ȥļҳԵ緹ȥ֮ǰ֪˵㶫
Ҫȥʱպϰķˡ
ǽҲȥ࣬ԶŵǹɳζüסǼ⣬ǵһ
½Ӽ״Щȣ־ŭһ
ΪܹҾͻϲ㣬úÿûõŮҿ뿴һۡ
ıؿ֡
⻰֮ɫԽѿűǼоĪҲһζˣ֪ĻΪǵȥأ
˵꣬˵ɫʱ̫ÿ
Ůô֪ǽŻ˷ӣ
л˵
󱦱ղӪҺ[][][]

6



6 
Ƣ
ɫѿ˼֣ȴûзҲ֪һ²档
ʱɫˣűֺԥ˼
ڼҲǸɹۻˣԴ˵Ľ̶ܳҪһЩ
½ӼҾԽ顣
໬ȥʱҪһѡ뵽⣬½Ӻݺݵһۣɫࡣ
౻ôһ϶ʱ˼ģεӸ磬治ǹģдԭҰɣ
˻ľͷ׮һſڣü˼ֲͷ
ùͿÿҪȥ
ԣ½ʶһŲŲ
üǴ֮ܰ㣬ıӰ½м͵⡣
ֵöôܹҲҪע⣿ա
ȻҲ֪½жԲչҫĿ̵۾
ȣƽպȵʱֵŲգȥҵ·ϣȴ鲻
ȥҵ·һ룬˼࣬ʱЩ⡣
ཫһñͷϣڵס˵չ⣬Цнͣҵ㣬Գ
Ųñ*صģ־ÿɰģñҵģҸղѾϴһˣûкζ
ֹĻͻȻ΢΢һ߬ס°ڣȻЩ̬ǴżֽϴҲô̵ľܹʲô°
ſñŽƯӣ
ʼ磬ǽñѹѹЦҲҪţ̫̫ˡ
ô̵ľҲ㰡͵ˡ
⻰˵УԴᣬ˲ñڵѾˣĨȴٳûȥҲ΢΢ӿ졣
Ǿ仰󣬼ûٶֻżʶĴк
ԭŵĶͱӹȥˣңŽЩ򿪡
һЩֱ͸㣬ʱ̺͹ùΪ׼ġ
ࡣһЩɻؿһ̶ⱻֵĴߡ
۾ҧһڣ֮Ÿָ⣬ָʪ
˲һʣ°ҵԼţ
ģüлл~
ԼĶˣŭ
˳ûй
౾Ͷ뷨ôô׽ôУ
࿴յģԽ۸棬ӵ˼ǵĳƺ߻һһΡ
еɫ۾ˮ⣬ס죬ſͣ
ˣҺŴ
໹ܸܵǶôۣŮֶģŮλƵıǼ⡣
ԹԵͷŰŰɵطſ
˺һǱ߼ΰͺ˷˶
ϴ򿪵ļ㣬Щȣô
ҴӾдģζǳ
ͷ±ԿǶݳޣȻǼҵѾˣЩǿͰĵĻ᲻ġ
һôʱƾܣôУôõĶԼԣԣ
һߵͷǰǴ򲻵Щ죬˵ʱԣǡ
˻˵һۣתͺ½ͣǶôչҲǳģյĻԺ󶼲˼鷳ˡ
Ůһ۵ĳǼ⣬󵹸꣬°ɣһƬġ
еֶ˳ˡ
˵ǣֻˣŽ˸
Ϲ峤¸ÿ˶һأÿ˶ҪԼ䵽ǿصĻ
û¾ȥǿϰæֽܿͽӲݳ꣬ûþͿȥϢˡ
뿪ǰȥ˺ϼĵطתתʱͷɣûɹũˣٶȻ˺ϼѾӦ˲٣ʣСط
ܹûˣ뵽ԭж˾΢΢ĥĥȥ½ġӢˡ
־ߣԹԸ
ѷʵķţ⣬ǴӴ﹫޵ġ
վһԶԶؿţװָ½ӣ
½֪ÿ𣿡
ԼĳƺָһĻЩˡ
Ѳɼ½˼ҪԼѣҪϲˡ
סˣԥش𣺡󡣡
⻰໹ûܷģֶһ䣺
㲻½֪ĺܺ𣿡
ΪС˵½ӵƷôҲ˵ȷʵûʲô޵ġ
ˣѲϲ½ӣȥˣ
Ƣôô
ץϸݵΣôˣҲʾˡ
˵꣬ǣҪ뿪վԭذһƯ˿
ĵʣС㣬ôˣʲôأ
˦֣ʵϲ½ӣ
⻰û³
ϲ
ǶôԵ壬ҲᣬȷǣǸ䵭Ůжû˼
ĻشЩ⣬ô࣬ʲô
ⲻĹﶼ˵ÿһҲǧҪˣоžͲף֮䡣
ԭż಻ѣ˲١
żŲЦʱ䵭䲻˵һ䣺
࣬ҴӦˡ
ЩãȻţ
ۣŵŤظѾ˵ĻֻǿֻѶѣ
ôܹ׷ŮˡŮôô׾һأ
⻰û˵꣬ͱɽܡ
ʲôûüʳڣرɽţЬʹһСϪ߾͵һƬƽĲݵء
ϿϸϷɫҰ
ؿһͱ໷ס֫ת˼Ȧ
һڲݵϣŨ񣬼ͻȻڣҺøˡ
ȥż࣬ĵ룬ڸʲôأ
ҺܸܱܣΪѡ
Ů˵һ㣬˽͡
ɴȥֱѹסֱۣԥλǽɻʳ˿ڡ
ΪʲôҪѣСûԸѡ
ȻҲ⣬ΪԷ
ҪҸʲôǮǡˣ
ֻǻû˵꣬ͱϡ
ܺãƯƢҲʵ֮ͦɰġ
һ˵꣬ҧһڣ̫ۣһӡŮ˵Բ˫һۣŭĿӡ
ſɰأ˵ҿɰ
ðɣƢȷʵе㻵롣
л˵
ղӪҺ!зǳǳлǵӪҺͶ[][][]һŬģ

7



7 
ʧԡ
ජϵӡ˼룬¶ǳЦ
ֻѶѣ̧ͷ죬ҺϲԸ񣬵ҪҾ˵ʲôҲ˵塣
ĻеãȻ
˵ΪĳкøУ⣬ϾԼòڣûܱȵϡ
˵ϵʲôƷʣȴҳʲôõġ
಻Ǻദնѣôĺõģ
ʵ벻ˣӲƺ뼾ľԶһЩ
˸⣬ʣô뵽
䴽ÿ𣿡
޵شһȦֵص˵°ͣС
ҵܻأвĵʱҾͻ˯һߵķ֮ͻúܶࡣ͵ʱ򣬺ǵĻһֱû
ܿĺϲ
ϲʽĻЩԼԺֵǾޱ
ҼԺԺֵĶǾޱɫĺǾޱ𣿿ʱԺӶǷɫģ㣬ҲƯ
յˮûãȴЩǸԼСסԺˡ
ô˵յļͷСһűǼ⣬ϵζ
ԽĶƵʶ㵹ʱЩˣ࣬ʲô
޹գգֻۣвкǾޱζѡ
ղһţϵζȻǾޱ㡣
ϵɫδȥֽԶһЩôͻȻô
ֿҪˣֻܹԹԵͷ
û취Ȼڴ׽ĸһЩǶŮСȻǸзִеˣҪһֻܵദʱٳһЩ
ߵĿʵ£Ϫˮ˵ȸߴߴĽ֯һȷʵʺϷſ˼
಻ɫȥԷĻ֮¶Ը񣬲ƽºͣԵƽ׽һЩ
ڲݵϴһ쵽¹ʱ䣬ཫһͬȥ
Ǻǰ޶µദģʽԸܵ˵ĺ񿿽һЩ
֪㡣
û߶ԶͻȻ֪㿪ʼִ
üһ壬æȥܵ۸
ߵ֪󣬹Ȼ˽סɫ
첽ǰﻤţǸʲô
Ǽ࣬ɫŤһ˲˵Щʲô½ȴһڡ
û뵽ҶǾģֽôɾ
࿴ŭգ˵أʲô֤˵˼ֽŲɾһ˵ƨɵģ
Ȼ½ƨʲô˼ܹĻһʱɫ
ӼĻ̧ͷתȥۿǡ
˵ֱǾҳ֤Ҫһࡣ
ۿ죬ˣҵֱǮġ
ֱؿƽ˫ĵ۴ʱð⣬˵ûþûã㰮Ųš
˺ϼں˵һһֱȥҲǰ취вıˡ
һת޳ɵð취
࿴ǰˣҪЦ
õĸô죿
½Ϊҽˣ϶ĽٵŮõģ
ÿ춼ôÿһÿ춼ģ˼ôõɴ˿ɼ϶ǸˮְĽٵŮˡ
ʶ˺ٶȼӿ죬లԵֱ΢ƽſڣ
ɣûĶĻǶǸдֵĵǸȥ㲥վ
㡭ؿ½ӣֱӸ£˵࣬ˡ
⻰ԭķŭûס˴Ӽġ
½ֱ𣬡ƾʲôҺǲһ
ࣺƾ
ڷ֮ǰȥ˴峤ϱ֤ཫĶһ䵭
ûı
Ů֪ķ䣬֪಻ýȥ˺ϼһ߿ŵġ
½ɫѿ˭֪ǲǰֱˣ
ûǽɫĻ澡
Ȼˣǿܻÿ˵Ѳһɡ
˵ķŮôܽȥ
໥һǾʹʼѡ
ǿŮʿֱҵˣ
ۿʱ໹Ӳ
ҡڵϼ񵽵Ķ˭֪ģ˶ĶҼ񵽲ҵˣ
һȰѽ֪࣬໥һ£ǲҪôƽϡ
ʱɲô˵ġǣ֣Ʋһ䡣
ƲͷȥץԼֱ˵
תͷ½ӣЦе½֪࣬Ǹʱˡ
½ӵ˵棬һȭǽϣͲƽµ
ͺ𣺡ࡢǲҪң
ɫɿ֣ǰһԼ
ԡˣĲ񻰡
ŶŵĶˣЩݵļԿվԭûж
Ȼദʱ䣬Ī;ã಻ǻǿˡ
Һ½ӶȻĵ
½ӿŰԼһͷŮˣмЦ
û˵һȭֱ°ϣݵŮȴĲ񻰣ᵽһߡ
㣡
һڣҪȴصһȭգͦı޵ıѪ˲
˼һʹ
⡢ൽʲôȻô
Ǳ½ӣڳ˶ĿɿڴҲЩȣ촽΢΢ſò˼顣
ֻһֲֵģղŻ˳ֽＸ
࿴½ӣ˹ؽȥ¶ʵСۡ
ڿԵǸ𣿡
½ӴʱЩڣ֪ղžͲѿ֮ˡ
űӣԹԣԲ𣡡
˵һ룬Ľ˵ȥ
΢΢һЦѹ֮£½ջˡ
졭硭࣬ҡҴˡ
ǰһվߣֱֱ½ӣ·ڿʲô
˵û㡣
½һ࣬Ҵˣ
ЦͷʵûУ
ǰϸģղȫͬ
˵ͷͻȻתص䣬óһСӡ
Ӵ򿪣Ķ˳
һ֧µֱչ¶Ůʿеĳɫ£ϸϸ꣬Ĺâ۾
űǰ˻Σһ治κ¶ȣЩ
ֱԼУûҪñ˵ġ
ζ䷢ö½䳰֪ǲǼҲôңϧЩҪУһҡβ
л˵
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8



8 
н
ڼѲһȦǶ϶˼ֶ⣬˲֪סȥҲǰ취
һ֮Ķ˸͵ˣֱ˿Ըô죿
֪λƫƧΧҲûʲôסʹڶֵôҲû˹֡
СӵݸʾֱŽ
ʱǲƲ©ĺã˲Ҫ鷳
һ
ⳡ־ǽˡ
л˰֣Цеغͼ˼뿪ˡ
ߺʣµļˣƴ˴ָס
ȥ㲥վҵǸ
ԣɫһ䣬½Ծûһص˷䣬һ˦
Ҳ½½ػ˷䡣
ֻʣ˼ˡ
ˮѾͨ˵磬ԸһǮȥǣߵȴ޼֪ȻҲûͨģֻܽǵɫǰˡ
Ө׵ĲͻȻǰᱧסͷĲ˲䣬ķ˿ι򢡣
ƿŮ˿ڡ
Щƣѹ𣿡
һͣʶҪƿţƶֺ
ҡѹʲô
һҲ˵󼸸ֵʱʧ
ཫ˱һЩ֮ļ϶ʧϰϣԸܵԷӯߡ
ΪʲôѹԵʱΪʲôѹӦѹġ
΢΢أԭ˴αԵĳǻᡣ
ûԼڹԮʱ᲻͵͵ޱأ
ҧŴҪӼĻѣȴǱס
Ҳԣ״½ӵˣôǱġ
ǱȾһ㣬۽ʪˮ⽫ģʣ
࣬ſң
ҲѹĳҼˣΪʲôѹ
仰˵꣬Щ¹߻谵ˣҪеƻȥʱͻȻֱ塣
ܸܵ򴦵Ĳϻ¶Ĳּ򱻴ʪˡ
࡭
֣ԥҪҪȥһȴ˼Ļ
Һѹ
֮ǰԼӡ䵭ֶû뵽Լǰ޳
һʱ䣬ҲЩ޴롣
ѹʲôķҡ
·Ҫеίͨͷһݸ߸ߵһˣƫҪļϣ򶼱ʪյġ
ѹŮ˵ίˣ˵Ļȴû뵽ģһ뵽㱻۸Ҿͺܡ
ס˺һ˵ÿҶỹ֣Ǳ۸
ıҪüˣ⻰ļĸˡ
ֲµģʲô۸ʲôûˡ
ҭҭ˵һ߾Լò豻ԼƣЩһֿ޵ȫͣ
ϣ˾Լϵļȴ޴룬֪ôȰ
ֻ̾һطŵ˼ıϣġ
º˵ζŨ񣬡ˣѹˣ㲻ǽҷˣ
һǰ˰𣿡
ûУӦһ
𰸿϶ǲֱӸ߼ģȻСްֱӰ֪ˡ
ǵػ˸⣬࣬ڶ󣿡
Ȼܣ޳ĵĲ˲䣬Ƶػش𣺡ʮţôˣ
ȻˣԭԼֻίС޵˻ǸСء
ŵЦҴ꣬Ӧýн㡣
ҡҡͷҪ
ʱѾʮˣ˭˭㻹һأ
˼ֹ֮ס٣ٻղŵһһѵþò˼
ıСڱøˡ
ǲˣһ
˴ſڣֵͲŷԭСϻﲻֻһ߰һ𣬶ǲͬĿʽ
ͷרĵںѡѡѡһϸֱչʾ࿴ʣ
ÿ𣿡
˵ͷò˵ȻǴСģܺãƽʱ·Ư־£ѡȻҲˡ
ͷӣץסϸխ󣬽ǿƾɵֱȡ
ʶ˶ԷҪʲô֮󣬼Ҫջ֣ܾ
УĶܸҡ
üһ壬ʶԹԿŮ˶
ϸе׵ϣԵԽ
Ůص˵ͷǲ͵ɣ
ԭ׼õľܾ˵˲䱻仰˻ȥСɵֱԽԽϲ
⻹͸ĵһԣһֵͲŶԡ
ǵڶ
ۼɫҹɫԽԽŨºǵģߴٵ
ˣúĶȥɡ
ץֵͲԥԥһûߡ
Щɻѯôˡ
㣬ҪȥҼסɡ
Ϊͬ⣬ղŰٰƾܾ߳ܵĳƺҲˡ
šüΪʲô
ࣺҲίˣҼסĻҿ϶ίġ
ô˵϶Щݵģ֯һЩҡ
鷳ˣʶҪܾǿż˫ڴֱȥ
𣿡
ص˵ͷûܾͺá
ȥ·黹ҵʱΰͺ»û˯
࣬ôôżףպͼΰŮȥˡ
ཫ֪㷢¼˵һ飬ΰͺ¶Щ
̾һǸúӣô֪ȺһҲݲأ
ΰֵǴЩ֪ûõģ͵ˣˣ¡
ʹ峤ûָ֪ɶٻ֮ǰ￪Ҳ˱Ĵ屧Թ֪ԶЩ֪ҲʲôϣֻҪ¾ͺá
û뵽Ÿյû죬Ҫǳ¶ˡ
İ壺Ҿ͸Ƕలŵ˻ȥû˼ˡ
һ߲䣺͹һȥݰɣڵɹš
С
󲿷ִԸȥݵԭǹ̫٣ЩĶЩëûСһһȥѣʱ򹤷ʵǼǱá
ӻط֮ǰͻȻмû˵
Ǽס֪۸
ºͼΰһۣһʱЩѰ졣
⡭֪ͬ𣿡һ뵽ˣΰΪڡ
ҡҡͷ
һߺšһѼΰİ壺ֻҪĻʱ
Ļ¶Ц
մ˯ļѵЩʧߣڴϴ˸졣
Ĵһ˯ûϵ
ͱӦûһµģɼûô಼ϡ
뵽⣬ȥ˸Щơ
ǰһֱȥ뷨ƣû㹻ǮĻôĶŮأ
У취׬Ǯ
л˵
лǵղء
лӪҺ͵[]
˵˷Ұ˸Ԥ[èͷ]

9



9 
ˮݡ
˼ΰʹ峤ǰͨ˺ϼ˵һسݣҪ¹֮ǰꡣ
½ǱȥˮȻûĺһľ룬ػؼһ۵òС
ȥݣæԼĻȥ
ת˴ӣղ﹡
һɫĺҶȹӣɫɢͷ泯ģҲ⶯ˣֻǵͷ֪ڸʲô
΢΢һǰעֱӹסļͷڸʲô
ͻȻֵһϤŷɣָָҶ䶯Ķ
ţ
һ㲻Ҫݣ֡
һЦһģһֻ꣬鶯ޡ
üСһҸݡ
̯һɿ
ɿе࣬мĵġ
ɿָ΢΢в۵ģȵֽĿһۣŷˮݡ
һʱɿζαԣȥ۵Ů˵ϸ鿴
۵˺ü׵ˮݡ
Щգ֪ŮǸС㣬컹ǵһθɻôܲ뵽һء
ûɹֻ巴ӦҪȳһЩ
ᴵ˴ģ۲۰
ģЦЦЦʵá
ǿ϶һģƤ̫ۡ
һҪǿԼĹģʹѾ˶֮ǲѵĹϵǲϰǰʾ
չֳԸ񣬵Ҳòֻ࣬΢΢̾һſڣ
ȥҼҰɣˮƣȻ֮һֱ۵ġ
ô˵ЩԥԼ󱳣Ů˳γӣһʱЩ飬̵
˰ɣӦԼˡ
ƺۣвŵļ˿⣬óۣһʱЩЦá
˭ܲµԭпһĶŮȻأ
ͻȻڵĶŮ䱻˼ұĹһ˲Ĭ߬סߡ
չһ󣬼ץڿ˵
*㣬һ㣬ǺۣƵĻԺصġ
˵ˣûκξܾأֻƲͷȥȥǲ̵һĻ
ȵֻϵˮݶ֮󣬼³һϵѹӢ֭Һ
һ̧ͷܿΪʹʪĽëԵķ˿ˣȱƣҩݸٶ
˵꣬ජרעؿ˺һ̾һ
̾ģ˸ۣʲô
ʵ˵ֻǾеֶѡ
һεڶ췢գˮݡ
ͷԼɫ֭Һ֣˵Ժϰ˾Ͳˡ
𾪵ؿߣôô룿
ЩĪؿѵ˵ĻʲôԵ
㱾ǸҿҾ϶ܺãΪʲôҪǿЩµһò̫ܽܣôðô뷨
֪ôش𣬳ĬһᣬѾˣµϹҲܲ
ԵĻҲ磬ӱǧŵĴСͷ֪࣬еνС
ֻܱʱЮǰΨһľǸڵĻ
֪úøɻǿܻᱻȥũģӸùȥ
౻˵Щѹˣ˫ʢӿֹ
ġ
ڶŮ䲢ȫʹʲôŵҲǲŵģԼֻܽЩ뷨ѹĵס
һҪ취ԽԽãؼңĴС㡣
һʱ˼ЩͣѾ˵֣˳Ĭ㿴ǲǺˣ
ָϸ˿ţȱϴ
˵仰Ȼϵ⡣
ˣҪҪҼס
۵ڴܾĻ˵ĻҪްɣ
뵽ջǻ˸ش𣬡࣬ٶ࿼Ǽ졣
شȻüЩʧ䣬Ҳ֮У˵ͷ
ˮݻ˲ʱ䣬ţһǰǸСŮǲ·վţָָһݡ
ôˣǴβżҵĴŮ
㣬㿴Ů𣿡
Ů㣿˵
࿴ǵĶԻҲߵſڣһѹýʵʵݣС䴽лл㰡
ϻ֭Һȥʾ⼾Ŀڴץһǹ
ǺͱУɿɿǾĵģСӳԲˡһ䡣
Ǻɷŵģ¶ЦллŮ㣡컹Ұɻ𣿡
֮ãȻԡ
õԼĴ֮С뿪ˡ
ԹؿôҸɻŮ㣬ҲԸɻ~
ѧĳƺ
ҪСһ׬Ļɡ
ҲһҪɻֻǼŮ˶ԺӶ˼ģһʱЩԴףŤŤһŰԼá
һʱ䣬ӵǺƽһÿݵĻɣСһļ˼ÿܻЩԵĺȵҲˡ
ÿڼҳԷҲѧôӻƽûʲôµʱڼϿ飬ддֻϻ֪Ϣ
½ǵİ͵Դϴڹ㲥Ǹô˿һ֮ͨǶԽ
ҹˣҲǵΪм
ǰڣǡ˴꣬ûüȥɨĹ
⼸߷˲٣ˮ˶Դղ͵žɽ
ǼˣȻǲȥģһڼҲڣõİҶξʹ֪ԡ
ص֪ʱ˺ϼϴ֣Ƿ
ۿ͵ԼӽУ䲻˿ڣ
ҵ𣿡
˺ϼͻȻֵһ˵ʱǲӦó֪ģȻҲұ֡
ע⵽˺ϼŮ֪ķ˻Ѹٽӣŵķš
һˮɫȹžڲ
ſڵҲֻǵϼҰǺ꾫
աաա
СƤЬصͻȻʶ˲Ծ
ƽ˺ϼԣ˵ʲôԷǻӦģô졭
תͶȥ˭ʱ۾ֵصɴ
¡ôˣ
һЦžӳĵѹƽǡ
ôҲû𣿴ǵĺˣ
Ϊһס֪ͷľ֪࣬û뵽ڲŷ֣ԭһȺ͵󡣡
һЩգ۾Ĺġ
̫˽ˣ
ôöΪʲôҪҴŲǷǲõĻЩò꣡ӦҪллǲŶԡ
Ǳ֪˶Ҳ׷ӿſڣ౾ͶģʱĻͬĲͬˡ
Сװͷ԰㱾֪ͲȺûһĺöãǷܹһ㡣
һǼɨһȦʣǶΪ𣿡
Ŀע֮£˺ϼŴӲص˵ͷ
½Щӵؿ˵֮ǰҾͲƽˣҲҪ֪ÿζ̫ͱˡѣֵǮ·͸㲻ôࡣ
ͷĪҪϲͱ˷ĻǾͰ·ˣò֧ҵĶҵĶôžôš
½˲סҵ·ôܡҵ·˶ϡ
οͷɻ۳һ󺹣Щ񱡣
û˵ʼĶ
˴ΪǱ˵ˣٺԼƽϣʱá
֪ȻҲǺһ뷨վһû֮ɢˡ
ԼĶһй滮Ķȫ¼һ飬ȫĶ󣬷ֹȻ˲Ʒ
һ飬ԭֻǳǳһѩڼ˵ף·ȹҲмˣҵļ˺ϼҵһ
ĸҲڲ֪ʣֻһ㣬ڷǮƱӱûܹ򿪡
ЩǮһֽǰ
ʱڳŷѹýʵ׷͵ĲҶҲܹθһЩ
һƮƮֽϣ½üһۣü޶ʱ
ôôȥ
л˵
лbbղ[]
лbbͶӪҺ[]
쳬ۣоľƣĥĥ䵽ʮڴ򿪵֣ûˣfine

10



10 

ĶǹùǺ̾ϸѡģϲǾޱ㣬·ЩǿʽʮҲһٰʮ顣
һгˣ
ÿЩǰƷİۼ۸㣬˭õĶ˭ͼǵøǮҡ
˺ϼ˵֮ɫҲ˲ѿ˺ϼ촽飬
Ұ·вУҴˣҲĶģ֪òôǮ
˺ϼľʶסĽһסڶĺԺһס˼˵ĴԺУ˺ϼڼһǲܴ϶
ûϵǵ˺ϼһδΪ˺ȺĬǶԼĥĲˡ
šüܾˡ
ûϵ뵽·ļֵĻʼͲӦûҵͬҵĶ
˺ϼۿʱˣͻȻ򷽺ָָ˵ҴǼ·ÿҲšŹ·
˵һĻ϶Ķģ
վȭͷƾҪȥŭǣѵұ͵Ķ𣿡
ۼȭͷҪϣ˺ϼ彩ֱŵ̱۾
еȭͷû䵽Լϣ˷󷢳һ
һۣɫʹɲ޵ؿ
ջȣһЦ㲻Ҳ͵ҵĶ߳ŭˣʮЦٲ˼𣿡
֮ЩǮ취һ֮ڴ룬ҾֱӱˣȺС͵ץ
˵꣬ʲô飬ת˷䡣
Ů֪ҵķ䣬̾һ
ʲôȻҲ֪ȺжҪһʼΪ˾վ˶档
֮䳹˺棬ʱҲò˼ȥסĿԡ
ĵǣҶ˵ǸİĴڣеĲȷ̫࣬Ժͼˣٰ
ʱ֪Ҳݲ
ΪԼಢûô˽⣬οһӵĴڣϲܹάֶãһֱӦĻֻ᲻߳ŭأ
Щ֪ܸһȷеĴ𰸡
Щ飬һʱЩͷۡ
࡭ֵ
-
ɨĹ˳˲ٵľͷ࣬Ժ㡣
֮⣬ͺǻһ񣬻صҺ󿴵һˣӦǻ֪㡣
ûе㣬ҲżȥдˣǺͺſڰ
һӵȻҪǮƱҪƤҲҪʱ䡣
ôҲԲ꣬һ͵ʣµˮɣɹɾ죬ɲһʱ㡣
ȵǽһ֮󣬺ˮ񣬼ˮһͰˮϴ˸֣ʱѾĺɫĺϡ
ƽʱԷȴӰЩģӲܲ·˰ɡ
ȻѾǸˣǼ໹ǷĲ£ͺ˵һ֮ȥ֪㡣
֪ʱ򣬷󻹶˸ۣס֪˰ɣһľ󡣡
๴ס죬ѵӣססģʲôϵôСİ򡣡
ǰ½ӵĻ滹ĿҲ֪ǸǵĹŮһʱ䱻ȣֻǿװ򶨡
šſңҿʲôûҪǸҴҵĻҡҾȥߴ峤
˻һſŮ֪෿š
ûã˺ϼţӿһۣš
һӡһҲȥˡ
ֻʣͼˡ
࿴ڴߵգղŵӲѯʣ
ôˣôôˣ
򴽣ԭ򶨵ıڼѯ֮ɾۿ˲ˡ
򼾰ʱŮ˵ǳɫлӯӯˮ⣬
࣬һȥס𣿡
գգۣһ˲ΪԼˡ
Ͼ֮ǰ̬һֱִܵԸ鷳ԭϧ˺һӡ
û뵽Ů˾Ȼָı⡣
ߣ°ҿ˿ָ˲ʪ۽ǡ
ôôί
һ˵ֻҪԸ⣬ҵҷһֱ㳨
ŤͷѣͷԼľѡ
ЩǵڶԼСŮǰޣҪԷοԼ
š͵Ӧһ
ǼŮϵܰ㣬İõϵζСһĴᡣ
ͻȻʳһ䣺ƽʱʲô㡣

ޱؽƿ³֡
å
ЩͷԣҲû˵ʲô
ֻǾϺѣ֮䲻ԷԷ
ϵķۣ룬ܶŮģķǣ׺ߡ
Ӧøϰߺ
л˵
лbbӪҺղ[]
滻Żе㲻ϰߣ˵ϲǰĻڵ[]ҲƲˣԸһ
Ůһе㼤Ͻͼղ

11



11 
ίġ
ʮ޹ؿŮˣٴظһ飺ɾǺ㰡˻š

źڷ¶˵Ķˡ
һʱ䣬ѾʰĲˡ
࿴ŵһͰڰȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷȵȵȣûꡣ
һ˷䣬ȥʱĳ
֪һÿʮҷĹӦûƤĵȣѿǺֻʣ¶ʮ
һûв𿪵ʳҳҪȴֺԼеء
ģЦҰɣ󡣡
򴽣żɽʮʳ
ʣ߰ɣٰĶؼȥ
һֿʳһֻõıߣſ½Ӽ״ֹ
ǵʳҪȥģ
ֻ̧۵һۣͻȻǰʱʹһ
ںţ۶û̧Ǿ仰ù
½һҭ뿪ڷɶŮѾԶˡ
·ϣ̾һ䣺Щ֪໹ͦ˵ģҲѹסȥ
ҲûͬһסԭʲôϾÿ˶Լ˽
ԭȴһֱӬƵԱ죬໹ܹܵġ
Ҳͬص˵ͷͻȻЩί˵һ䣺ʲôûɡ
һ˴͵԰ίġ
ǶŮ䣬ȴŮǣ֮´򲻹ǹ⻷Ҫⱨ
ô붼ίˡ
ɫЩԶһƬɫϼ⣬֪һ紵Ҷ죬Ҳһ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôڼǰԽԽ磬ǰ˲е״̬Ҳչʾ˶Էǰپ費ˣôȴƫƫԼ˲һķӦ
㲻ס
ڷʱʣǲ̫ˣһøò˾͸ҡ
ҡҡͷ˻ĶСߡ
ûУõö
Ķͦģڼ󣬸ɴֱӱ˸¨װĶһұһ䣬СҡڵؽĶһŲԼķȥ
ȵķ֮󣬼ҿˡ
ΰÿʢ˺쳴˸񣬻˸ͷ
͡޻ȵˣĬĬ̾һ
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˵꣬һŽµĻһӣܡ
ŻǮºͼΰһ
ûסոµֽң̾ԹԣôǮ
౻˨š
Դ˵İɣڽˡ
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Ӧ˰ģѾʼƱСֽʹȫȡˡ
ղķΧɢҡҡͷҲûȥղŵʲôܡ
յߣغһǮ
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֪һ㣬극ȥˮ
ͷûеһҲ㣬һͷֳֺͷͷ΢΢Ũܵĺ壬ϴͷ֮Ҫܾòܸɡ
סҪϴֱ˯ɾӰͷ
˼룬ͰȻαרķ
ҪСŮ˹ʪͷֱ˯Ȼͷ۵ġ
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΢΢ͷ֪ˡ
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Ļǻȼ
ŮԸ˵˳Ϊù۵ѾԶˡ
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˯˯
ԺظңȵɵϣҪϴʱͻȻѡ
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Сûкͳĵڶһ˯
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ʼоǺø䣬յۿ[]
лҵͶסӪҺղأһŬ[][][]
˵Ըҵ(СС)[͵]

12



12 
򽻲
ڼžĺڰУֻоԼԽԽ죬ͨͨÿһڶߡ
޹ġ
˺þã඼ʵʵڴ࣬ûκԽľٶֻ˯ǰ̺Ӵϡ
оߵĺƽ˸Լ࣬۾
˯úܿ죬ᣬʱ۾ԼһӰЩЦ
ĵִ״̬ʲôʱܹĹһ˯
һŲŲҴñǣҲʼ˯⡣
˰ҹ˯Ժת˸˲佫ϸŵ̺Ӿߴ롣
ܵϵ⣬Ժ۾ʶɢǱŲһ
ܵ˯Щȣʶ˶Էϣģ
Թ˯
е˳ֽԼ££
̺ŮϹ߰㣬֫ҲһУֻ¹֤
ڶһ磬ԺĹˡ
ɫ΢Ҳܿ
ͷŻﻹ˯ĴˣһʱЩ۾
Ȼ֪ô㵽һȥģֻͰԼԸ˺Ҳ
ŵطſ´һͷָϵ˸ǺñӺͳ˷䡣
ΰȥˣ´ʱڶ缦ʳ
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ͷҲû̧ϸ
һﶼûԼˡ
ȥˮŵļȡɢˮΣַ˵ͣͷϿʼ
ﻹЩףĸ˵
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࣬ôô൰Ӳˣ˵һҺԣ
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̾һѽǡ
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СһһܹһҪĿݸꡣ
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ңѵ
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˵᲻᷸ÿγ극Ҷ˯ͷ[̯]

13



13 
Сè
ϵ·ϴķף൫ƾɣ¹ļ·ҲͬˣҪ
ˮ屳ɽˮƣȻûиڴ帻Ҳûд񱻻
ɽˮ壬ȥͷժһĳ԰ɽһƬΧת˼Ȧժ˼һĳӣ󣬳һڣ΢΢۾
ι࣬ҧûлͱ˸顣
ޣ³װݺݵȻƭң
¶ЦҲûȥĳ³
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Сһһ׷һܣ˰ɽûϥǿʼ
ģεˣ׷ˣ㡣
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תͷȥ˰մɣصɫ֭ҺסЦָȥ
չʾĵɫ٩Сèˡ
һü಻עĨһ
⣬ҲСèˡ
࿴ǳЦŲա
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ժһҰ֮󣬼ȥҲݺͲԡ
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ڵʱ͸оµӾ͹úܿ졣
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緹ʱһֱȰһ⣬ȵֻܾܾ
ԭΪ㴻һѳԣζĪ㴻ۣҲۡ
߸ʣһ㣬Ƽ⹷һڣʵûʲô𣬺ۺܺóԵģҲʡ
ɫΪѣŸɴһڳˡ
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л˵
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ȻҷϢҪʲôϣ͡
ίܾˣ̫ѳ[Ц]

14



14 
Ҫд𣿡
ʱ伾һȥתһȦ鿴Ϲ˳һЩ֪ࡣ
Ѳ֮󣬼ؼҴժҰ˺ɣء
ӾһͰˮں컨׵ɣϴɾͶιһЩʣµһС޵ľƣµֱƽ̵ɹˮȡ
ϵľ飬һ˺ܶࡣ
ϴͷҲѧģӰˮ
ĳͬͷǵĳȣֱʮָͣЦʱɫ䣬ǧ֮⡣
ͷҪĸɵÿ죬˺һԺ࿴۴˾µĲͻȻڣ
Ϊʲô磿ܸϸ˵˵𣿡
ʵҪʣԭ֮жԴҲûһͣǰ֮Ĺϵ̫죬ֻܽһɻѹĵס
ᵽһ˿į
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ڶֱ꣬ӴһŮ˵ңסĺԺŮ˻һСŮգơ
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ڸ𣿡
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ҪʱȷԼȡ򣬵ǸʱܸһӦ
ŲҴҵߣЩɻ
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ã´ȥ䡣
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л˵
лӪҺղ!һŬ[]
˯˾ŸСʱ˯Сʱ˯Сʱ[Ц]Ҳˣְ֧

15



15 
ȥϡ
ܵЩŵһЦŻش𣺡԰
Щ˼ģЩԷգסˣֻǿͷϵϷ
ԭѾԸҽܸʶˡ
ҧŴûзһſǿֻѶѣ룡
Ȼû˻ĺ壬Ҳͷֶһ䣺
Ҷ֪ԭ㶼Ѿôϲˡ
仰ǼҪ˵ĻϾʶһµѳΪֻһݡɵ
˵ĶŮ䡣
Ļ˵Ķͨ죬һʱֻܹڴϣ̽ȥ漾졣
գ㲻˵ˣ
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һ󣬶ЩۣڴϣܵɢϤűǼϸᣬ󰲰˯
ڹ󣬵ĻЩϱߵǿҪ·ز֣ºͼΰæĽŲմء
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ϰ߳ŵֿǰ׸x̰԰СŮϵŮƯԸã
ϱˡпԣûŸԼԿ

16



16 
ôһɴζ
·ϣЩ˷ܵģ²ߣСôˣ
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ЩΣƲֵģҲûʲôԵʲôˣ
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룬ͻȻЩȻ
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סһͷ
ţܺá
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ûмǴĻǰȥ׬Ǯһֱĳȥе·½ӣ½֪ܺ˲ߵýЩ
ע⵽ϣþûŲһʱЩա
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ѵ־ÿҪĿˣ
뵽Щ
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Լûв⡣
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Χһк;пܲһҲܾûˣԼϵı˵㡣
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ǵͷŲݵϣšü
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죬¿ţ۰
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಻֪ʲôһ¿һġӪꡱӡ
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ͷһӪļ۸ʵݣ˽ﶼ᲻ϹӪԷҲĳ˲ʱӪһ١
ʹˣڹӪﻹ˳һӡ
ʮӵ˼ǣ۽͵ӣҪʲô
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Լĸг緢ģ
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ճķ̡
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ȵԵĲˣ֪ҪҵͦóԵġ
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һǵ˵ͷȥУŷ۴˴͵ߡ
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ѡ֢ڣѰ˼ʦҸרҵȻģЧһѾ
˵ʵ֪̫ԾָױԵûͿɫҲ̫һ
ÿ˵ƣҲ֪Ϊɶһ۾ͰĻ
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Ҫ֮۸ܱˣƬǸӿȻֻҶ80ݺݲƽˡ
֮һȥ˷СϺó԰ԣ֮ܶõһ[èͷ]

17



17 
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Լæһˮ
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źǳ괩ĲЬ˫ʱ˵ˮЬָΰ˫ɫЬ뼾඼ǵá
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ݸһ񣬼ԼƿͳŴŽᣬƱۻԱ
һô࣬ۻԱĹ˿ͣһ
УĬĬ
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Ѹ˵оҵŮÿ࣬ԷȻֻ
˵Ǽ˵
ѣǲҲ

18



18 
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Աֽذƣ׬Ǯǿ϶ģûɱⱾ£
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ܵǰѾˣ۱ڲʮ㡣
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Ժӣʱ򻹾֡
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Цܣã峤Ůǰʱ϶Уŷż١
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ÿıⶼ䵭оûҪ
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лͶ׺ӪҺ[][][]ܳ[][][]һŬģлղ!
ҽȥ𣿣ҽȥˣ[]

19



19 
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ĵؽعһ飬ǲȥɱѬ㣿
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ǧٿף͸ǰһֱɻΪʲôҵůˮƿˮǺܿˣֱҲŷ֣ԭõڵѾˣȻһֱ©ˮܺã͵Ǹºɰɡ
bbʹͶӪҺʲôãȥ˲飬žӪҺǶķȻϲͻώ࣬ղغӪҺӽ11ᴥף2ϵľǺģֶ߿ĿϹӪҺĻ϶񣬵ΪûʵܹϣԴԸĻԸͶӪҺͶҲûϵȻֻۻĬĬղعۿҲҺܿ[èͷ][èͷ][èͷ]ÿͶ׺ӪҺҶǾϲָлѷϲãÿһҲ濴(δʵߵ۲ʾ֮ͱˢȥ)֮ǳлҶĵϲһŬָ£дĹµ[][][]
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20



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ʱʳƷվûпţ׼˸ӸŵĴүձ˽ȥ
ߵԱָʳƷվΰ칫ǰţ洫һϵͳŮ

һƾͿˣ˽ȥڰ칫ǰǸ۾Ůͬ־¶ЦݣԼ
Σãˮļ࣬Աͬ־˵ʳƷվˣһԡ
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21



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ʮҵĻӲһԴĺ
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ԣĬĬһĴָ
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ԣɫ΢΢һ䡣
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һֻ߽Ҫɱëܸ֮ɱæУɱĻɲǸЩӻģ𲻺˼
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ҪĿЩʮ㲻ˡ
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齫һ룬Ķüûȥ
ɱҲףԼ̵ˮģܶš
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һӿ˿Ƕɻʽ㱦һʮ壬һ¶ʮ壬ʮƱƱ
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ĳߴĺ÷´ͽЬҲ㡣
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룬Ա֮󣬲˵ܳԵ⣬Ҳһܹһˡ
ϵƱʮһˡ
뵽¹һ龫µĳںֱŤļһ
һʱ̲סĥĥԭˮķҲһתȥ˹硣
Űõļ֥ǣŸ׼ؼҡ
ºʳҲ֪Ķܲܲˡ
Ҳøԭʲôźø
żﻹĴˣгٶȶԾӿˡ
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ˮ¯ˮȵģΪǺ¸յˮ൹ˮȥ跿Ǻݺݴһ١
ȥӱ߽·ϴɾŵ·ϻڵѪϢཫ·ΪԼġ
Ժȥɱʹһȥ
ʰ֮ûµˣæȵ֮ͻȻЩ֡
ܾʲô
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ݺȴڵԼ·һһá
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23



23 
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Լġճ롱ˣôҪԼֻһѡ
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24



24 
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ͻȻʶ˵ʲô֮,۾Բҵ
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˿ŵĶ̧ͷż๴˹֡

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Ǽŵͼս֮һֱôüľͷ֪Լ⣬ԼģҲ͵鵽ڶû
ϣ࣬һ𡣡
ҲЩ̼İʲôߵߡ
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ཫڳڷźãְ·ãʣСľӡ
һ֮󣬷ŵĸƷ׹ŶǾƯơ
һСһĺӣһ򿪣λ˼ۡ
áôһߡ
Ǵġ
ߣһ˲ɫ״ЩΣæϺӡ
˭һ߻ߵģ˵Ǽ⣬Цʡ
˵ؽƸ࣬ᡣ
£Ҳûƾܣֿһۣŷųһӵ»ѹһƱʹۡ
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Ʊһ۾Щᡣ
𴽶Լ˵̺֮͹ùǺҳԲ
˵ţͻȻһһδ߹䣬˿ǺÿСƵġ
ȴû˼ֻͣüһޣԼҲܣҳᣬһ壺ˣǲǣڣͻȥǰɡ
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ƶش𣺡Ȼԣֻǻȥ̽׶ѡ
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֪ǲȥĻԼĨһᣬȦĲʣԸһȥ𣿡
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һĹ·Ҫϴһ𣿡
һķŵǼ⣬ţģϴ
ȷʵ㣬һ޵Ǿޱܰ㡣
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˵꣬һӳ˷䣬Ժš
ϵıģҲû뵽һþȻʱҲЩѸٽ˸ɾ·
ڷ侲һӣµس˷䣬һõζķͼһȥӱߡ
ˮڴϾһӹᴩӣһļûжʱ
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ҲǴ˸кôˣ͸У֮òò˶Ĺۡ
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ʱһ㶼˵Щԣϲˡ
ȻֻǱԹ˼Ļ˵ˡ
֪𣿽ϣֿӴӸڹѸҷǽˡ
һλ̾˿ɻҲǿô磬ǹ¶ĸûкӹ
һЩһӿ治ǸԼϱִҪȥ˼ҵϱ
ɲûܹܵסǸ첻ߵģ

֮󣬼üĽ
ӣԭｫռŮˣǿȢ
һ뵽ԭľ·Ӵ
ࡢ࣡겻ЩģŽ˼֡
౻лֱؿ
Ů˱ЩĪôˣ
ҡҡͷһ·ںˮɾšɷ
߰ɣȥˡ
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ӾһͰˮ൹һϴˡ
ղʲô
˵ˮɴץסָҪʸ
ˮֻԽԵþϸ֣뵽ԭֽűϵĽ־;ʹֽһְסȴѡ
ͫɫŨīЩס
ļ࣬ĪЩΣա
Ҫ֮ʣ˶ԷĻ裬Ժȥӱߡ
˵仰ͻַָſͷ֪ʲô
ţĻЩ֡
Ǳ˶˵仰϶κҪɰʵ׵ȻҲѭ
Ƕ˵仰Ǽ࡭ϲˡ
ûֻǵԡ
ԣɼ鲻õӣҲֻܰ
֮Ϊʲô
з󣬼˯
ȻȣûִôףӻǱҪ켸ȡ
ǰʱ䣬һƾɵ̺ӣ˴˽Ҳһıϡ
ż棬ҳԼ˯ȹİɫȹӣżС
໹ûüȥֱӽ¶һƬĺ󱳣´۱⿪˴š
˯ȹԼĿˡ
ʶԼȫ֮󣬼Ųߡ
ǹģֻΪһһʵ̫˶ѣһ
˴ſڴϽͷźãĶȹڻȣܿ⡣
ٴαջˡ
ȵ˯֮󣬼׼ȷ磬ϵ֧һ۶һգ㻻˯˯һ°ɡ
˺⡭Ҳ
۾ɫ
ࣺû˯¡
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ԹԱ۾֮󣬼ź˼·
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˯ȹһзⶼڸסЩźϽ۾
໻·ʱϵ͵תڽ۾ëһһģЦ˳
ɰ
գˣ۾ˡ
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ף߹ȥŸͱס˼
Ĵᳵ·˿Ĵݣͬһ
ߵҶ죬౻ţȴһƬ죬ֻԽԽص죬غϡ
ϾǿСƵˣûͱ׹ҲƵ¶˽һЩɡ
ʱòѧ಻ŮɬļɣһֵŮ˵Ժ󣬽˴ϡ
ֻġˮۣ˴ƣԣۡ
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ཫĽҺ¸ɾĴշתҲץϵ˯ȹ
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׵óͻȻƿʱЩãȻۿȴסߡ
Ưһ
ԭ´ӡ
ںڰУ
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໹ڸղŵĿ|֮Уչȥʣƿʲô
ȣ֮ɫԽ߳ܣס˶䣬֪
ϴαŪϣԼ͵ļҲʲôߡ
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µԼô˰ɣ
һ뵽ܣҪڸֱӰԼˡ
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࿴ȹ˼ôȹӺʪһС飿
֮ͽ֮Ժߵλãʾ
Щؿˡ
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Ҳ֪Ǳʲôʱ쵽ˡ
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簲Щɳơ
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ԼĽıһѪۡ
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ҿ˿պһֹѪĲҩ˳޶һ㣬ɼ£֮ڽġ
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ûٺ˵ʲôһ߽ϴɾ
ŲԶıӰûãͻȻֻ˽еӡ
һ˲֪ðģɫеؿ֪ɣƯ
л˵
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лͶӪҺлղ[]

25



25 
ѣޡ
ȥ俴һ,
ӴˣɫԽԽʢ
˻ָҪͻȻ˴һ,ƨһʹ,ڹǰ,һͷ˵ϡ
Ӵ
ཫԼء
,ʲô䡣
˼,ϵĴ֮ɫûм٣ԽԽңվҪǡ
״ĬĬһ,谭ļֱһߵĶϣһ𣬼๪,߬ס죬һȭϣȭߡ
ӱÿ캰أѾͷѾͷ㣡
ӴӴ,Ҵ,Ҵˣ
಻˵غֻǰסһȭһȭشȭȭ⡣
ۼ۾˺,æǰֹ,С,,ͣ֡
һ仰վ
ֻڷվߵǵؿʣ𣿡
ƿࡣ
ղӣˡ
Ըһֻȥ
һֱˮϴ˼飬ֶϴˣȰŲͣ
תһӣһ٣˵ò֪ȥˡ
ڿˣļҪǸˣԺһܣܵԶԶġ
ԭجΣǰǰصԭ鸲ޡ
ĽЩ֣ҲǹԹԵͷ
ڵ״̬Բ̫ԣ˳˵ˡ
ԼĻǽ侲һЩũǣŮߡ
ؼҵ·ϣٴǿҪȥӱߣӾܣ֪𣿡
ͷ㶼˵˺ܶˣֻ䶼ˣ
εģ¶Ц
״һ
ϳԷʱͺ¡ΰ˵˽ںӱ߷£Ļ֮󣬼ΰ꣬ӾҪܣŭ⹷⣬ҽȥ
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ʹǽ¸֪˯ڴϵʱﻹǾЩôܹ˳׽
˵ĽǣλŲŲǶĻοˣѾȥˣء
һĴˣϵϤϢ΢΢³һ*ģı
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˵ͷҲǡ
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ӱఴŴһ֮ҲһؼңԼ鷳һȳһյض˰׵ء
ȵ׵ϺһţҲͳƳССһھûˡ
װһӣĿԼϵ˿ڣԼǸѾͷҲԹޡ
Ƕ˵˼仰ûռˣȻҶԼ֡
ϵ˿ԽԽۣҲԽԽԶԶżҵķͻȻһơ
ȻѾͷôȻҲøӡ
ȵҹŨҹɫʲô׺żӡ
ûʲôҲ㡣
ڼž͵͵ص˼ſڡ
ͷԺⶼΧʣŴ򿪾ܽȥ
·μңҲ֪ķġ
һ뵽˯ڵһһڿˮ
˿һ꣬ɱ򿪡
͵͵˼ķſڣ˿
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Űֶڷ˹Ȼǽǽ֮һĨ⡣
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Ϊ˻Ǽ࣬һϣԷܹ
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Ծ죬ǵ˵Ǻʵһ
Ȼؽ˼֮Уụ̂·ŵũꡣ
Ϣһ
1977ָ߿78뿪ˮˣҲӵı
룬ȻӣͲصԭĸˡ
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Ϊķһ⣬ԵǳɫԽ͸崿
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һɫĳ䳤㣬ཫñͷϣԼҲñӺͲͱһƿˮСͷɽ
ĩɽҲɽ󲿷˶ϹǵɽҲˡ
ŸСͷ󣬿רעŲҩһʱЩ档
ȻʶЩҩݣ
˵ͷҺСùõĹϵ׽ˣǰѧҽСʱ򾭳ұϲҩĿȾҲ֪١

ѾϰߣڶԶԷĿ佱ߣԾĲ
ϾˣʲôҪ伸䣬ֻǱƽһˮܱ䡣
תۼ˼Ŀݲݺͻƾ˼ɽߡ
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ȵһ˲αڳͷ󺹡
˲ϸ˿۸ӣȱƻҪ
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аء
עǲ˲ϣЩۣ·°ڰ˲ϵĺеزס
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Ȼɫ̫ɽһ룬ɫϼգƶɫã罻֯Ѥޱȣɾһ㡣

ҵһκͱһ䡣
˴ĬĬش𡪡Ҳǡ
Ѥգֻͼ࿴
صҺ󣬲ϣһؼͱ´ס
ŹҪ򣬼ֺõס嶯
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¼Խ˵ԽϽס졣
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ҩϴɾɹɣԺӽ佫ű£ཽһưˮ
һߴ˿ٵľܣϲԺּѣٴѼܡ
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С趼ǲ۲۵ū˫򱼸[èͷ][èͷ][èͷ]
2000Ӹ[]Ҫȵʮ֮ˣΪѾѴȫŴ

26



26 
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û,ӸĸǮϻߵٶˡ
ԭΪǸƯȴ̱Ůˡ
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ΪǮڴ,֮ûǮ,ԲŶʨӴ󿪿ڡ
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ΪԼ,ֻÿóԵĶһݡ
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27



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ǰɻڴ˿̽⿪
˵ʲôŮ䣬ôܻ캦أ
˶ֻΪﱻǶŮˡ
ǶΪ·˼ףĿϷصͬ
֣˵µ롣
û˯ϵ΢ͽѡ
ЩãȻſۣǰǼ۾ȻȻضſ֣
࣬ҡ
¡
ЩָָԼĴ
าѹĴ˱򣬽е۶֯С
ȻˣһѶŮݡ
л˵
лͶӪҺлղض[èͷ]
ÿ찡Ҫһ[]Ժ¶21
ȥȾѧɫֿҵĻëȥͷˣھǺڣǳڣһҪ˼[С]
ǰ50۷С[]

28



28 
ҧ
̫ɽ֮ǰ,һȥɽϿЩϸӣܡ
ƬƹϻǶǵܶЩƬ
һӱſ,¶ȥһЩ,ųͷʼֻ
óֲȴʵЩ֪ôֻ,ǻһ㡣
ȦļڵϣǾޱ֦,ֱַĻ,ˮ͸
Ҳز˵ĵˮȴѿ
ں»֮ǰ뵽ˮﱻļЩ,æ˼ѲҶȦ߶ţĸĸµ
ֻĸҶ,ֻ
Цһȥ˼һ㼦
ҡͷǼҵļȱ˼µĴϳġ

ǲ֪¾Ȼ⼼ܡ
ϳ극󣬺ȥۼ,ֻʣһյӺ˲亰,ļֱ뵽ȥˣ
ʮȼ֮شˡ
˴ֵͲڴƵɢϵĴžѾмֻ֪ŵ֦ͷ߽ˡ
ڶ,óը֪˺ԡ
Ҫ뵽Щ,ʹ˵⻰ĶǼ,Ǿܾˡ
һ,ǿǸߵףӪġ
Ҫ
аɡ
ը֪˺ζһڿˮ
ʱ֪óˡ
뵽ţûСױ꣬üԼȥ˵ԵģȥѶǡ
żһ˶Ժ֮󣬶Цеġ
ɴÿ˷˿ǹǵ֮»ȥ˺ɻҡ
źɻһһξ룬ȴ˶϶ʿ
ϸС
һۺ󣬼ߵɻſڣֵͲһգŵС˳
üǰѯʵСףô棬ôˣ
˭Сסۡһ޵ĸˡ
ʵ
ཻһʾ￴Сס
ߵ˴ſڣŮ̵ƺ
һƣű˨ˡ
һ˴Űϡ
˶СЩ
Լһ˵ĵ
ǼȥŰ˲ҡҡ׹ٲһţųױ߿
һһߣֵͲս
Űӵ˲ΣɻסֽţǽһһѪ˺ᡣ
ĺؼ֣˵ﺮ
࣬ҿˡ
Ǽ֮˲һȫȻղŵģ
߶µ࣬ҡҿû㣬㲻Ҫ
Ҹ㡭
û˵꣬һСһ߼һ˲䱻߷ɣڵϺСʹĺС
Ϊɻ⿪ֽϵźɻԼղһˡ
࣬лл㡭
ޱǸؿ۸㣬Ҫ𣿡
ɻɫһ˲࣬Ǿе֪࡭
Լֻ㣿
ɻԥʱǱСһ߳һ߽ɻǣҪǸҴң½ԲŹġ
䣬೶콫һƴϣ˸ͷת
ȥȥ
һȥഽѪﺬðĻȫġ
Ĵ֮󣬼תͷźɻһ飺ҪҪԼ֣
ɻżһһˣʱ˿̣϶Լѹ˲ʧˡ
ɻ룬Ӧֵܹİɣ
ߵߣصص˵ͷ
ɵǡһ۾ץסԷķϳһ˦ϡ
һȥ󣬺ķ͸˳ˡ
ʼܹá󣬱Ʒֱɻȭߣͷһᣬûס˹ȥ
۴ͷˣɻǲŷӦһ㣬˼ؿżࡣ
ɻ㣬úܺã۸˾Ҫ֡
ǣСվſڣ״СҲЩ֣ܵǰһСȡ
һӶܹһţװԵҧгݣ룬ӱʮ겻
ҲʶװΣúȥãһŵڵߡ
ֻǼ·ľ룬ԼҪĥһƤ
˲ۣװԼ˹
ſңԼߣ
*ûпһֻۣǵû˵Ȩ
ȥ˴峤ң˯ģ󲿷˶û˯ء
Ƶıǣ󣬶ʱɴ۾
ϾȺĸ֪࣬˭ʶҲ֪಻ôţٿ
һӣЦӴ֪ʲô°
ʧ棬Ϲȥȫ۵Ĳ񻰡
˲䳯Է˿ڿˮǣƨ¡
ɫתһƽ󣬺ɫӵѵˡ
˲ѧãһҲʵ
˵꣬ǵǣȥ峤ҡ
峤żֵļ࣬ʱֿ˵ǣֹѾͷòа˰ɡ
壬ǽ˵
˶ԣȻҲ֪ػȼ˽Ӻһء
˫ŵ۾࣬˵ɣַʲôˡ
࿴ۺɻɻһɴժ£¶ϵһ
䣬壬һҪ
ɻҲ򶫿ųģȻѾȥˣɻһ˲ҲЩġ
žžળ̣³һڣɻʲôί˵һ
ɻ޺޵ؿһۣԵ˵˸
֪ҼҪѸ·Ҹ֮˭ֿ֪˰ĺ첼˵Ҫ֪һ
ҲͰҰң롢롭˵˵ţɻͣ
ԣһߵ˲䱩ŭã˭ܹ㣿㲻Ҫң
ѼƵ˺ܾˣΧѲһȦݸһīڵĨ
Ĩԥ
˲䰲
ˮĴ˶ŽᣬҲһ¶⣬ɻ˵ĻѡһţȻѡĺɻ
ؿ࣬տ˿ڡ
֪Ҳй
Сȥ֪㣬֪඼е˴峤ҡ
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峤ʲô£
һڣҪ˵Ĳһʾ𣿡
Īҡҡͷɱңʲôû˵
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½ӶεĬһᣬҡͷ
û˵ʲô취㲻ù
⻰˵򶫿һۣϾϢԸҪչ˵½ӣҪ˵ûбŵġ
Ȼ½ûҪ˼ȻŹˡ
֪࣬࣬ݣû뵽㵹Ǹ۸Ǵˡ
ΪҶϱ磬͵·ŵũɡ
仰ȫһصڵϡ
֪֮һжˡ
֪֪ݺ󣬿񳹵״
½ӣ֮ǰΪͽᣬǵĹϵЩû뵽ʵݾȻô
峤ôô˵֮ת뿪ˡ
ʶ½ӸղڿЩ꣬ǣýһЩ
˲Щʹܵ˼ֻ֮ĬĬܡ
ǼСһЩ
µó˽취ͺɻǻؼҡ
˼ɻúõ鲼ó࿴࣬Ĳû
ų߳εĲϣһ
һɨһߵĳʣ·˼
ɻ㣬Ը̫ˣҪѧܾƽ׸˵
ίΪԼΪСף㶼ӦҪǿӲһ㣬Ųᱻ۸
۱õŰ壬ͷҵһš
ɻæƾܣòã㶼Ϊ˰ҡ
һȰûºɻ㣬Ǽõģ⡣
ɻۿǳȥߵſڣͻȻʲôһӵС֣
Сף
С׿ۺɻĹߵǰ
óŴǷģ컹ܺһȥҸ𣿡
ĵǹ¶˸Цձ߾ѿۡ
صص˵ͷллŮ㣡
Ǻͼ˱ˡ
ƺѧģĺһܣȻǺԼȥéݸԣϸ·
С¶˼ĺӸе̬ĺһЩ
صҺƵرס࣬š
ӵָķ䣬˳ë
ỺܰСʱû˰㣬ȴٵԼ
̧ͷ¶һ˫ͮͮƵ۾
𣿡
϶԰
ıǼ⣬ԽԽϲġ
ΪЦڼ໳ҡҡͷ
Ҫϲͺˡ
˶Ҫ
ͷЩأͬ˵
ôãĪдһôУί
ʲô֪
ԽԽĿֻ꣬ϣϣľҲӯԴڸֻһˡ
ڶһ磬СǺһҵġ
СѾͷһǰһȻЩ裬СѾû쿴ˡ
ûЩɻ֪ԭСнӴ
ƲƲ죬̫ˣСһʲô¶ûУҲûеù˶ƭ˵ģ
˵仰Сԭֵ۾˲׺ߵķǡ
״ЦС׵ͷǸݵʱСĵǸɻȥˡ
Сһ뿪صջ
緹ȥϹˣЩ﷭ңЩ֣ʵʲôأ
ͷҲû̧Ҽǵ֮ǰһģ֪ȥˡ
һЩ˼
Ǹҿͦ˼ģ˿
˵ţǱͳ
ۣ㿴ɣźõС
ɵͷںʱǽ飬˷һٱһ׼
-
ϴԺһȥʳƷվϰ࣬浽˼Ҫϰʱ˯㼾ЩýԼﳵȥϡ
ʳƷվһµİ࣬ÿεѾϤˡ
Ҫɱѵɡ
Ͼڵûһˡ
󣬼û϶ֻͣˮ塣
˼֮󣬽гãһƬž
ܻƢ˷Ҳûпˡ
ѵȥӱϴ·ˣȥ˺ӱҲûˡ
룬ȥ˺ɻҡ
վſţ˿ŵ˺󣬼һ
˹Ȼ
˼࣬Щһ
֮ǰ˵Ҫͼһţȥȴ
û˵ʱʧ˺һ
ֺõЦЦ
룬ȻƯ
ٺ٣ס
˼ɵ棬ఴסǹɳ嶯
źʵôɻˣ
صߣϵĶŲһߣǰһ飬С׾ߡ
ɻ̧ͷͼк
֪·ôġ
˵·һкã߼ϣ¼һ¶Ц
࣬ȹˣ𣿡
ǰϧϣ۾ش𣺡˽㣬һȥԣĸġ
ͺɻ˵;Ҳ׽͵͵ԼߣеЦЩƽԼջװû
ͺɻ˵ɻ㣬вҪѲ·𣿡
˵⣬ɻҲЦ󷽷ҡͷ
࣬ǰ˵ĻһֱҪǿӲСڴܹܵ˺
СڴﶼأѲ·Ҷܾˡ
вٴ޵Ĺ˵ɻ·պãŲҪҺɻæȹӰھϯ촩
ǶԸѺʳġ
СףЦеٹһ꣬ܵǮͰС͵ѧУȥС͸öʶ֣ԺŲױ۸
ͬеص˵ͷ
һһߵڽСôд֣ϵĲȻŨˡ
þգȹߵСס
һʱҲʽһ
ò˵̵ĺܺãÿֵıʻƴ嶼͵רעҲ˵ע⡣
°ͣ룬ͦʺȥʦġ
ʦĻǼ߿ߵҪ࿼20֡
Ŀӽ֣һ
СһֺԼڼϰվͼһؼҡ
˯ǰڴϣأ
ƫͷȥ΢΢𴽣
սЦһĴ
һºˣʣ
ϲԼˣҲúףȥա
㷳ˣһڼҺĵġ
Ҫü´δԼҪһ͵͵
ͻȻðһ仰
Ҫʴ峤ѧУȱȱʦȥѧУʦˣÿ¸ɾͲˡ

Ŵһҧڼϣһǳӡŭ
࣬÷
л˵
ֻŵҪҸϵ裺
лͶ׺ӪҺлղض!
ˢˢˣӶǸBGM˴⡫
֪ˢû[èͷ]

29



29 
ǡ
뵽ֵ֮ı,࿴ԼˣĴˣ¶һҪһĻ
ˣҲҪųŵġ
ͻȻ˵ȥѧУʦ,Ǽһʱ⡣
ԭľ,ٹһʱ,ΪԴ㣬ˮ͸Сʯ塢ɽѧУϲ,ˮСѧѧУ,ʩҲƣԾͼеˮѧ
ԭһʦ꼶ѧУԭѧУʦ,Ҫһµʦ
ԭУʦλȻŮġ
ǼಢΪͱȲҪȫһԡ
ԭ˲ζ˳,һʦĹΪʲôûпأ
˽֮Щ𣬶Ⱥ֪ûʲôøС
ҪܹõʦĹ
οҲܺ棬ԭľ鱻ƻ֮󣬻ʲôĽ֡
ʩϵЩ,Ҫһơ
޳ָںڵĳ䴩,ͷ˳ë
裬ֻǾÿڼȷʵĶѡҿС־ͺ,ȥѧУϿεĻ,Խ̻ຢʶˡ
ü,Щģ,ഽ΢ϡ
ѧУʦĻ϶˶Ҫһݹ˵ǲҲôģϾɱµɡ
˵֮󣬼໹װģ̾һݹֻܹ֪Ⱥõˡ
˵ȻϹУҸıˣ뵱ʦ
ƭవԷЦ
ʣҾ֪ģ϶ܹɹʦ
¶֮󣬼໹ȥҴ峤˽һ
ͨϴκɻ¶򶫶ҲЩ
˼ĻЩͷۣǴϢ
ٺһЦⲻǴﶼڴʱѧУ˽ҡ
û˵һСѾͷʲô֡
˻ֵѧУ޺֮ȷʵҪһʦҪλõ˶ȥˡ
§ļ򣺡ҾͺܺðʺϵʦǾбҵĸأ
򶫶ڰ֣ȥȥȥңֲһܾģһģѵ˵ʲôʲôˣ
һ飺Ȼʱ׼һԣ˭ķ˭ͿԵʦˣƽ
˵꣬ߵͷ
ԣ°ͣʱĴ峤Ҿӵǲ
˵󣬼˼ְա
˴峤ңͼǡײ˸˺ϼ˺ϼЩΣ˸к۾û̧һ¡
첽ǰߣ֪Ⱥ˻ǵöŲУȻ˭֪ͻȻʲô
߳һξ룬ƽĲûбղӰ죬ս޹ǵǣסࡣ
ûȥ˺ϼֻʣԵĻа𣿡
һЩ
Ʋ˭أѧʱÿѧУǵһ
ЦеģΪ˹ϲҪһõһһȥץɣ
ǰܶҪˮץ棬Ҫˡ
ȻǼµģĻ۾ˣɫڹ³ֳĽɫƯĲ񻰡
ס
סˣȥһΪ·˸¨Ƭȥӱߡ
ȫȥΣˮҪǳһ㣬Ҳǵ˼ಱӵĸ߶ȡ
վһߣؿż࣬ʣôץ㣿
ජź棬ԵĲ󣬽ֵڴϣʾ
õʾ죬۾żĶ
ֻජĳһͻȻ͵ؾƬƬƿˮ棬һ죬˲佫е
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۽ЩԾĹŮЩɣôˣ
緹ʱɻˡ
ԣ첲գһ׼ǸеģôԹԵس
żһӲˣκ󻹱ܾˡ
ԼԾͺá
ºͼΰһۣЩ֡
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˴ҺҪԷԼΪһ塣
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ûҪĴ㣬㹻̰ģҪѡ
ϾԸҪԿһһԽԽá
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˵仰֮󣬼۰Ͱ͵ؿõĻӦ
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30



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廨У˵Ǵ廨ʮǧ
ͷһ,ƢҲ,ԸӦҲܰ,Ի᲻ײˣС
ȥʮ˷ĺùﶼų˸顣
Ҫһ,Щ˻һϲŮˡ
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Դһȥ,ھҪڶԷ
˼ͻȻֵϣվ˴ڷ¶ľ޳ѩס
Щᣬ˵ϲ,˼˯һĻǲǲ̫ã
ԥһ,࿪ڣ˯Ҵ̡
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ԽܷҲˣһ鿴⡣
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࿴۰Լһͷ𻨣Ĭһһɡ
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УҲǽεεģСһôӡ
ҡͷһأ
ֱӽӷһҳָָŤŤдŵġ֡
ǲˣǹͷԸºͣߣΨһһЩ27ˡ
˵Ѿܲˣ໹ôôñŤܾӦֵøõġ
࿴ŮУҲֻΪʡ
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ԣ𻨾ȣһΪҪ࿴ء
ЩڣǸﳤôûô־ҿɲܱ֤ܲܿ۰
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ʱȥͻȻյ˴ί֪ͨӵ绰ǰЩ֣ȵ֮ͨͱԼ𻨡
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ȻϰĻŲ

31



31 

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˶ԷĻĴǶЦ,۽üҶ⡣
𣿡ʡ
˱ˮ,ظҿͦԵ,˿עⲻܿ㿴Ϳ˵̫һ
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ͷһѣˣҪңҿչԼ
ֲǴ˸֮ͱˣҲ֪ССôൣġ
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˰ӣżĿյʣµһι˼Ĵߡ
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ֻ֪ļβ͸߸룬Ųʲôãոȷ¹ϵţ
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ƣд˺һš
ϾôҲҪͼҳ˵һһд汾⣬һֱˣǿһ˯ǿһ汾š
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ʵСǰеšͣϲ֪ǰûи龭ֱŮָԸϣԭǾԼŻ¶һû뵽ϲˣҪһʱȥȣԼ
ںǰתԭҲͦã֮ǰǰǧһ·ֵģڱǧһ½ӿˣҶ˺ܴſģһڻԼǲдˣ˺ְܾǰۣ׼޸ˣҸ˾ʵڲ𲻴ҵҶпһŬȥÿ㶼ɵĸӺ
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32



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33



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Ϊ˱ȥϰ·Խѡ졣
һ·ڰϣĽɿ죬ܹܿȵ·ˣŵһǷ
гͣڲֿ⣬ܸǮˣżһЩ
Ů˽ֿ֮ǰҲٴǿҪǿֲס˾ͳҪ
ūԹԵͷ
ĵҲǿѨ磬ɱʱ򣬼ܿͽŵˡ
һ͸оЩʹ
µʱֻܸӣŰˡ
ƳҲ鷳ܸա
һߣ𵶱Ȼſô⡣
ŵŵĺ⣬һЩľս޿̽˹
УǮңе޵ġ
˱죬鲻ԸشӦˡ
⵹ǺûʲôҲƽʱϤĹ˿˺һ䡣
֪Ǽ֮󶼺⣬ϢϢ
֮ˡ
̯ǰվŵЩ⣬ֱ˿ӵط˸ۡ
ɫЩΣأ򴽣Ŷӵ˿ʼߴٺſڣ
ǸҪ⡣
ͷɴظͬ⡣
ëģǮƱ
Ų಻ٵķһʱЩˣ˵˼⣬òһΣչ⣬ôôʶô
Ӧøһ㰡
ѹ࣬ôе㣿
Īؿһۣ㲻ֻҪ𣿡
˿˽Щͷ
ôվŲ߰ˣ
վԭɫͨ죬Ǯվһߡ
ȵⶼˣʰ̯ӵʱԹһʲô
ŷԭһֱûߡ
һʱüӿϵٶȣֻ֮ǰ첽뿪
ֻһŤȵߵô죬ڲֿſڣŤͷеؿżࡣ
żʶһЩ͸Ů뷨
Ҫʲô
;СҪͼ˵ܱܲһӣ
ڣܡ
һҭ򼾰ࡣ
ఴ˰üģԽ
Ҫ˵ʲô˵Ļˡ
ԱûôģǼȺֵ֪࣬Ϊ˾д͡
תҪߣЩż˵
࣬Һһ⣬һ⣬ƱÿУôһͷ˭ֲˡ
ĪؿͻȻʣ𣿡
ЩãȻʲôûа
ΪʲôĻ˵ġ
˭ƾʲôҳеķմӦ㣿󡣡
Ҳ˼
Ǻ죬ֻü룺Ǯܿ˰ɣ࣬⣬㡢ҪԸĻҲԴС
ΪѾˣϾʱһȥΣѾ׬ʮǮǮڵϹҪ߶ˡ
ҲǼһÿȳ򽻵
ĻҪЦҪ׬ǮűҪҪðŸ߷սȥ͸ġŮǹ⻷ֻǸ·˼ס
Ҳ֪ɵǾǸŵˣؽ˵˳
Ӷܹ뵽ʲô⡣
˺ɫĪ಻ӦģԼϱˡ
ƾʲôࣿοҲŲᱻ֣ѻ컹ȱɣ
һȥеʱȷʵܺ£Լץ
ôڵģҲ𽥷˾裬һˣܻᱻץġ
ڴ֮Խ˼ɡ
֣Ը˵
ֻһ䡰ĻʹҵĻˣѰ˰ɡ
˵꣬żǰɳ۶
ԶȥŮˣŤһ˲Թޡ
ͻȻĥӲֿ洫ϸϸһϤػ˹õЦݣǴȥ
ֿȻǸˣݵ͡
һĨ׵Էǰ¶Цͬ־ʳƷվôû㡣
ɫ죬Щϰߺ˵
Ͱͻش𣺡ֻǸӵġ
ɫ棺İҲˣҿǸŮͬ־Ҫˣû뵽ȻǸӵġ
ͬ־̻һ¾Ҫˣر⣬ʵǴղһƱˣ鷳һһ˵ʳƷվˡ
ܸЩԥɡǵⶼм¼ġ
ۿ˲ðỨĺ⣬ƽʱˣ취ɡ
ܸռŶԷ˲ˣͰʹӦáðɣԡ
˲ΪЦչ¶õЦݡ
лл磬ãٹһԱԱģ
磬´㡣
˵֮ı뿪ˡ
ܸտÿɰӰɫԽԽˡ
ʳƷվϵЦ⵭
һߵ½˳ˣ
Цͷ½Ӹ磬лл㰡ҪƱ¶Բˣ
½ӵڣԾͺˣǳǮƱûҪָˡ
С¹һ۾ǡϴηҲǳԣ̫ðɣ
½һֲֵģҪֺҵİϷˡ
صͷ½ӸҶģ
л˵
ҿʼѧ綯ʱҲһܷһͿʼҴܣʱ䳤˲źһ㡣
лͶףлӪҺлղ~~~
ҲС[ͷ]Ҷж㣬ôõż͵ְ
ˣдԤգƭ20򡢴ɹѧԺ·˼סŴè
о⼸ȵ

34



34 
񫷸ˡ
ȥʱ,ȥ˹˸С¯ӣ˸µСƿЩԵĺȵ,˴߰˰˵ĶƵҸϡ
ŵĴСĶ,,Ȼĸ˶Ȼ,ڶɢƶ
û,ʵ̫ˡ
˼ңѪʹͷ˺£౻ȥ˷䣬ִһҩ
ɱҪѲ,Ť˴ʱһЩЩõɫο
û,һСˣ֮춼ȥϣ϶á
һ߸ҩһСԹ˵˲Ҫȥ,㿴ˡ
Թѵ,ʮָӵصͷԺġ
һۣŹ֡
֪Ҳ˵˵,ʵԼþ,ͷţ
ཫͷľ,ƵҲ,ë׵ͷһһ¹ιա
ģһΰɡ
ûҩ֮ҩպãȥ
°Ѵͷˣ滹˲㱡⣬ȥϼ׶˶ȥһŨ㡣
Լǰʢһവ˴һڡ
һߵʲôʲôҿ͸óԵԻû˭ƽضˤġ
ºˣﶼ䳰ȷɥһͣҲģû·ѡ
¸ҨһѪҿ۾ںˣ··
һСü˳ѵ״ҲֻóԸΧҲǲСĵģٹͺˣû⡣
˸Լ˲֧԰֪ˡ
¸һ۵
Ȼǲˣ˯˽öŰǽµժˡ
ڻ˼죬ҲЩˮˮʩʻЩ裬ɫСҲǴͷɥġ
ӰժһڱǼ⻹嵭㡣
ѻժϴһ黨ְ꣬ѻɽȪˮһ𵹽¯ͷЩơ
Ҫʲôʻ𣿡
һۣҪԵĻҲԣҲ
ðɣ´ˡ
ƿʪʹƬҶ¯ĳڴַŵϿʼ󣬼һ֡
ǡҪ¶
һʱ䣬С󣬲ռСƿ͸¶
ùţȷʵ㡣
Ǹ⵭ŵζ
ţü΢΢չ䴽ζʺ㡣
ԭǸԼģ˲䱻ж~ôôã
˵ţҪǰ䡣
״ЩһָסԴȴǲزסЦ⡣
ˣôСƵġ
ʱ˿񫷸˵ļ⻰ʵҪټһ䡰ҾŵС
̫̬סˡ
Ҫеģ೤һ죬סǼɫĴɫӶӣϢŲ繵ζһ׵˺Ĵϣһ֡
ϸϸܵµϡ
ɰƯģ֮ס
ҲһӣЩܲ˵ƿ糺죬۾һ㵭ˮǳɫԵԽƯ
ڣˣǸ¶ôˣԺõĲҪ޳
ߺٴΰ˱ס͵ʲôҶϲ
˵յô뻹ûʽ͹ʲô
һжΪ̫ˡ
뵽һʱЩ
е㻳ǰİλˡ
ֿǰݣȻúܺõĴˣղŵ˼ڡ
˲̫̰ģܹ飬ȫǶ֥ϵĴ¡
ǰ϶ֻй¶ϵķݶҲʹ˻ֺΪˡ
ˡ
ڴݼ׽ʣﶼ
һ
裬ʱȥϵհɣĺĺա
ȻӦ£һ䣺ҪҪϺͼ壿
ҡͷĩһȥȻǿ϶ǮĸǵĺգԺ˻ܻعʱӡ
𣬹ôȷ֮һ𣿡
̧üЩΣգʣһ㻹˭һ𣿡
˵ĶͷЦأһֱҵĻҾһֱһ𡣡
̰ģҪһֱİ
Ȼôܲ㣬ֻԽԽ㡣УԺЦ
ϲһ뵽Ժվߵ˲ͻðƫ뷨ܽԣֻЦ
ԷеӣɫЩȷʵЩ졣
ֻܻش𣺡ˣԺ˵ֻ
һһڡ
ҵġ
-
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ǿɲΪϰ࣬ȥգ
ǰһϣ˾˺һڶ촩ʲô·Ͼ¹Ư·Ŀ¹ҲΪи˲·
ڸɫ·˹ͬصİ׳ͺڿȥա
ǰ˸ߵ鷢ȥ¶Ķͷ
¶ͷģ;ǽĳɢߣʩ죬մҺ죬͸⶯ˡ
ǰ˺׼ȥϹŴһ·ˣһĨɡ
Ҫȥأô񡣡
˵Ů֪೤öһһĿΣǴʱվԼǰȴĪһЩ
ôоѾͷվһֵǶԵģС޷ࡣ
ԣһʲô޷࣬ǰɶĹ
ɶأ
Ϻ¾ۣ飬һ
ɤӣǸﰡȥգҪһ𣿡
ɫһ䣬ѾͷеǮһҲ֪ŵ㣡ҲȥﻹϹ
˵ûٶʣȥֿˡ
ߺ󣬼һۣԼͬһ
ؼĽźˣǵԻˡ
ȥ·ϣ룬ԼҲ֪ĸƤӵʲôˡ
Ȼˣĸ黹Ǻѱܰ
룬Ҳȷʵ׼óǱ
Ŀ׼ȷصǰϴƬ󣬵ûˣװҲȲϺһ첼ǰʮּª
˿ˣϰ˷۾λŮͬ־
ͷĺա
룬ָֿڣٸһŵա
Щ죬ãĺվС
ļͷСֻǼ¼һ£Ժҿ
ҲҪģҲҪ
һߵϰǼ⣬ţ
εͷ
չ̲ѣʮӲˡ
ƬҪһʱȡϰ忴ų信ٺһЦڵ
ƬϴһݣϴһǰëǮ
Ůͬ־ԸƬĻҿԲǵǮ
⻰ʶһۣŻܾ
ϾСʲôʱΪôǮĹ
Ѿĥʲô취ŸǮˣȴ˶Է֮Ļش
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ϰӦˣ˲Цüۣﻹ˵˵ʲôָָǽϹŵƬ*ͬ־ֻǰƬǽ϶ѣ
ֵÿƬϴţҪǮĻҾܲ
ëһŵƬһˣȷʵǱʲСǮ
ϰһᣬҧҧǰ֣ˣ˵˸ѵģҲԣٹƬУĻԼĵȥ
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˵طϵ¶˳Щ졣
ΪʲôӦǸϲԼƬñ͵ˡ
רעһ΢䣬˵Ҫʡŵ㻨Ǯ𣿡
Ŵɫίؿɼʲôʱ˵Ļ
УֻԼĺʡ׻Ϊ
Ǵ˵ǮûҲΪǼһǮʱֹһΡ
ʲôʱ˵ֻԼôǵˣ
ЩżأЦ˳
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ܾԼûã㽵Լˮƽ
һСԭҪȥ˼׵ˡ
ǣסճ֣棬ôˣҪСƵˡ
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Ҳ㲻ã̫ˣҲһһѧϰҲ֪ˣʵЩǮûҪʡʡ
ֻΪǵδǡ
ڼĶ𣬼۾һգЩɬ
ԭô
Ľ߬ͷ
ţǼˣ㣬ҲΪǵδǣңԺһԸõ
۾ǳɫͫڹߵ±ü͸Ǹյ
࿴˫ԼӰӣЩ⶯
ף档
ǿЩ߰˼ѹȥ·һӵĴ˫ֽյӣ̾ڣ
ǽϵá
ȵ˿λŮͬ־ĳ۾˲ɴӴôأû࿴˼Ұҵֶӿ꿡ܣҪҪʶʶ
ЩĬҧǰһ󵲣ԥܾ
ǲǽãҰˡ
ͷ仹ϷԹѾãżҲܹһ޵ģ˼Ľͺ󣬴ЩΡ
ޣԭˣһҪȥˣȲ˵ˣ
˵꣬ŵĨһˡ
ĶӵıӰߺ
סβָ˻ΣСɡ
ȻСӡ
šüŲǣΪû˵ǻʱڿ㡣
ʵ̫㣬ϷĹ඼СɣҲߣʮ˶Բû㹻Ӫû
ĸĹһһվ˶ȲϣҲϲԼߵŮˣûӡ
˼֮⣬ЦҾǺܺá
͸ղǴ˵᲻ʲô⣿
ҡͷӦû¡
ʵҲ̫ʲôգϾܿյʮҲ˽⣬Ҳһ˵
Ͽ϶ûʲô⣬ֻ¶ԼӰѣȻ˵ûʲô⣬Ҳٶ롣
гһξ룬׼ﳵش壬ͻȻۼֿһźɫֲµŮӰ
мϤٶһüһ͵͵ıӰ˭
ͣסôˣ۾һɨȥûʲô
ס죬ָߣ֣ʾԼһ
ųĪżƴ˺üӣڵһط
ǽǿŲԶСͽгһС˿Ŵŵˣܿ챻˽ȥ
žŮȥĺС
ҪϸһЩеʲôӣҲЩ档
ֻҪһ̽ʱͻȻŵ۾
һԤдгߴϺʹ˳̵ų
ԭЩɻ󣬵ͷһһڵʵʵֻ¶һ˫۾İں׷
ż˲սЩң࣬ô˸ǣ
񾭸߶Ƚţԭҿһת䣬ͷһŤֵķȥˡ
˾ſڵʱߺһåץå
һɤȥľ˲˳˴Ʒľ죬ǰ˰һˡ
С࣬ˡ
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ˣģжЩʲô˰
ʱһ̷ԲŮǰѯʣλͬ־å
ڷƣͬ־ղҺҽ·ˣͻȻܳһŮͬ־˵͸׷š
䣺ںˡ
Ϊþ˶Ľڣûж;˵ֻǷ˼ʹؼˡ
˼ңŷּһ󱳶ʪˣ·Ͻںϡ
ȸȷ磬͵عһˮ
ü΢ô죬Сθϡ
ղŸǵǸеĵ˭
ֺˮŸоԼ˹αֱͦͦǸ㡣
ƤƮɢǿԲŸġ
ʲô
ҲˣһѽϣתȥŵƯˡ
ʼûСƢȵٶΧʶûԼȷˡ
ƤĲЩϡ档
˴໹û壬˲ˣ̧ҪԷڸʲô˶Էۡ
ഽߴЦ۾ȴֱضסԲԡ
ʣˣΪʲô
ˣ֪ʣ
޺תȥſɶ˫ֱչ
վǰ˫ֳϥǣӣ볤ͷ´϶ڣ
ร֪ˡ
Դˡ
л˵
ôأС
лͶ׺ӪҺлĶղ[]
Ƽһ¼ѵʦͽģ
ʦȮʽѱͽ
һ仰飺ڸ߸ϵ佣ظСΪͽ˰ձͽ·ϵĹ¡
İԽ֪Լۣѧ̿ѧȴ˺²ˣޱȡ
Ψڰʦ˹ʺˡ
ʦ˴콾ɣҲ
ʦĴǣԴɽǧ̨ף㱻µճɽ̿

´ˣʶԭȴ飬˾η߸߽־ǧ˸׽
ϥǺͽÿɵ˦Ҳ˦
ͽƹ˳Ĺ˫ȮҳϣһؼұΧתͣβͶҪ
ҲᴿΪ˲赹ˮ磬ź÷´ؾأһҲ˼ͽӡ
ͽТ˳ˣһڶΪʦĶ۲ѣֱʦͽТģ
ȴԴ˵⣬뷽跨Ҫͽߡ
ƷԽռʦͽԵδһڶԽĿڣ䵭
֮ʦͽԵ֣Ϊֹ
ͽ类СȥĪŵ겻ðֱԽٶطꡣ
ͽͷˣҲ˲٣еҳشδı䣬ֻǷݾζ
ʼķƸ󣬳ϳ/δȥקŶԽŲϵ´ҧʣΪʦʱ̹·ϣ

Խиܡ
ʦŲ˿еѪ飬෴ʦĳñ˻Բѵҹʦ§²£ʦء
еĴɼ֪αװµĹ¶֪鶯֮ʱѹֵͻŵ֡
ҪúöԴʦ𣬲ʦµһˡԽ롣
ʦˣûϵʦΪá
ʦˣûϵʦǲСĵġ
ʦߣûϵйϵ
Խ˺ö·ߵǰڴǰֱذ˼Ĵֽͱơ
ĩˣʦĴԼ˸⣬ʦ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ÿ~~~

35



35 
ţôôԴס
,Ĳ񻰵Ĵ˼ֱ̲סҪ۸
ţôôԴװ
Це°ͣûзӦǺĴһڡ
ƯżèûзӦըëǰ,ſ,ֲͣϲ,˵ˣ˭Ҿ˭ֻǺ͵͵Ҫȥġ
֮ǰ㲻˵ں,ǸղſǵطžǺ,Ǹǵ˾ǿغеˡ
ֻ˵׶ʮ㣬ʵǲʲô֮ˡ
ȻϱڷᣬҲ²˶꣬Ӵʽ,ǷݶڹԮʱڵľ軹ĵס
Ǽ࣬ڿǸ˵ĵһۣ;Բ
ȷ᲻ᷢʲôԿƵ,ҲΪǸǸԺˡ
пԭдг
Ҳ֪ŮһεεСôˮġ
˼Ľͣ˲䲻ˣӦһԭ
ָͷżЦ⣺,Ȼʲô
Ŷͷ,ǱֻЩĶѡ
ôãƢֻ,,һ࿴Ҫ˸ô죿ĵ򼾰ἰ,ÿĿüཫĿڱ˵ʱ,Ǿ㷲
ֻעԼ
Ļ˻һ
ⶼʲô
ôǧġҡҷ˵ĴˣȻܶԼš
ʱ򼾰ľŮĪԱӦúĪŵһ¡
ʲôأ˵ֻϲһ˵ˣֲŮ˶ϲŮˡ
ĪĵĻɢɢɡ
⻰Ҳԡ
ֺùסĲӣһڣ
Ҵˣö롣
ͻȻˣഽǵЦѹѹס˱˻ԣ
֪˾ͺã´βˡ
-
оԺ
鷿۾ֽ鷿ܱĸ鼮ռСͲݣֻһռһ֮ء
ͻȻ鷿ű죬⾯Ա
׳ż
ͷҲ̧ǳĲŭɡ
Աżϣָ˱ˮ뿪ˡ
űϣ̧ͷ
ʮ꣬ͷѻף˪µĺۼԣȴһ۲ʣͦñֱ
ϵϢ꣬ŮĹţ϶˷Ц⡣
һӶǿƹˣҲڴŮĶŮǰҪºЩ
ɥĸƤӵ³ģȻϧ֡
ʼͼŮŮòϰߣʱĻУѿڵӹĺܲ
ƺھйĶҪһЩ
ˣٵǾȥˣ벻ھ￴ɫ
ֻǽֽ𿪺󣬿˺棬ٵɫѿüҲ¡֡
ȵ°ʱ䣬СŮ̿쵽ˣָŮŮ˸绰ǻؼһԸ
һľɳüͷӡ
Ьߵ£ɻʵôˣ
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̽õĲ˷ŵ׼
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һֱߣǴһ㡣
ôˣ
ٰͳϣɫ
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ϲļҵĳСˣ󲻵ԼҽСϲϱ˵ӡ
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Цܰɣôϣ
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˫ʧ񣬡ûǴĻ⼾Ӧþ֮ǰĺѰɡ
֪ĬһֻܿڰοûϵСдſͦòģϲ϶ԭġ
˵ĻЩ˵ȥˡ
ʹҪܹĶҲе̫ǣǿˡ
̼״¶ǳЦ
ˣ㣬ǾͱˣӣѵܿԼϲС϶ԭģοСչôʱ䣬ĺ
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֪˶ã˷ܾŹȥ
ƣ˲ϯȫƤһϣƵֱ˯˹ȥ
ڶҪȥֻС´ѼȦֻͦÿεĹˣһ˶úò塣
ԭһֻֻܹģв˶˵ֻԺҲѰſٶһ
˱֮ɱһֻˡ
žŵʱ𴲣ֵЩˡ
𴲵ʱ򣬶ԷһƯϴ󲻸˵ģ
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˿֮󣬼һۻԱûв˿ڵĸҩ
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꣬żȥҩȥԼ
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ԹԵͷ
ֽȱĵãȥ׼õϵĲҩ
ȴû뵽ҽԺˡ
ﻹЩζģʶߡ
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̧ͷӢŮ۽΢죬Щ
ôˣɻ
ǣʶ۾ſ¶ЦЩɬ
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Ӿ֪ãͼվźһЩΪ
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æڣҽʲôҩ㾡ܿȥ򡣡
ҽ̾˿˲εĻٺòˣϪⶫ٣ûеġ
ȵ꣬ҽ뿪ˡ
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Ǹ˲ΣҪ𣿡
л˵
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41



41 ۼӸ
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Ȼڼ࿴,Ĵ죬Ҳûʲô˺顣
Ļϣ໹ͦԸ⽫Լ˲ġ
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ʶԼһЩ,ֻǿżĿԾơ
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ȻҲܹö˼ֻ˵ȵһ¡
˲Ӻ󣬺ܿͳ,ϵĽ֮ղŶ˼ɡ
ͬ־ͬ־ȥҼϸ𣿡
ش𣺡Ҫҩ,Ȼǡ
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Ҽſڣֻ˵ǹͷҵ׹
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кɳ,ǵ˱ˮ,˶,żࡣ
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˵ͷɫǺɽڵ˲Σȫģʮͷˡ
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ƯèèأʲôӦģҲռˡ
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׻ǾЩڣĨ˼֮ͳȥˡ
ſڣŲ֪ĲݸôͳˣЩ죺ô죿
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42



42 
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ʱɬϲõЦǳ,ϾֻǿӰ,ͼĻ,ֺȻܹᵽǵڴ
ȻҲ뵽һ,ȥ۳ŵĳԵģЩ
ֿۼﻹʣµͣҪ㻨ȥԵ˼˲Ъ
ҪǱ·һ;˷ѵˣ䲻
ȥɹȳһ죬ӳ˵Ҫ¹֮ٷŵӰʱʱȥλҲ١
ؼ֮󣬽һƿҹͷڳú°ԣʣµһ޼˸Ҩιһڡ
ҹͷƳγεģŵ̵ζдŵᣬǿűž˾ÿڳ
ҧһڣ֭ˮſģϸˬڣŵ⣬˲ɢ˲١
࿴΢΢۾ֻèһЦʵóʲôζģ
ͷȥҪش𣬡𡭡
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ζ󣬱ͻȻºϧۣͿʹ۽ëһһµǰ
ƺǸܵߣҲƤ˫Ӿϡ
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˭ûգۣſߵҺ¸ɾβ
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Ļܹᵽӯů,Էֻĵڼķ˿䴩
ƺȫ¶մζԭĵǡͻûʧܺõذοҪ߳ͷȴƺһҪԼ˶Ļ
Цõͬʱ־ú,˯ɡ
˵ĺ𽥿ʼƽ೤,ܹʱһֻеԼϱµҧۡ
ҹ￴ϲ,ȷʵԼĴʹƤ,Żԡ
Ż,룬ʲôʱѧҧˣǰܹԡ
جΡ
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˯е˴˯ò̫,΢΢ӣ»͸¿ܿǺۡ
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ĵռõص,ͬʱ,־Щ顣
ҪǿôӡǵĻҪˡ
һ룬࿴ʱ,ŵ,ùͷֱʱ䡣
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΢죬۾ġ
Ҳѽ
Ҫɰˣ롣
ôôɰˣ˻ǡš
Ҫݽȥ
л˵

ĺÿɰ



47 ӪҺӸ
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ֻСʱʳúúõ,Ҳʵ,ÿ찺ͦصڼȦѲ,żụĶԷƨɣ󲿷ʱദúǢ
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48 ӪҺӸ
˻ֺá
Ų̧ۡͷϸָżؿڡ
Ҫ۵ĻͲˡ
ǽһƲˡ
ཫָȦס,üΡ
ˣԺŬԼ˵ģĳСްǰС顣
ߺ,ŤŤ,ͻȻ,üͷһֽ
ղŪ𣿡
౻ĻЦô,ֲֽˡ
ûС
͵Ѿ֪һ,֮ҲǵŮء۽ǣߵૡ
۾΢΢ɴ󣬡֪ˣ
Ȼֻкһ֪϶תΰġ
Լͷú顣
߬·,̧һִۣ۾,Ʋ
ǲǲͬⰡ
ȻҲ򼾰ôˡ
ЦȷԼһһ䶼ĶС
ǣϲ㣬Ҳһˡ
裬øһˡ
⻰,ҧŴԥ᲻̫찡
˼,סЦ˺һûָôҽˣ
ʲô飬ֲܽᡣ
һۡ
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,һĴС
,أ
һ,˵ֻҪ㲻ı˽ͺá
ԩʲôʱ˵Ļ
Ҫ㲻Ļҵȫ涼ֱ˵ŮŮѡ
˵ˣ
ͷ֪Щʲô¼˵ô嶯С˵Ҫͺƽһͺá
룬ĲżèŮ̫ɰˡ
˵ʲô档
һµ
𴲳緹ˣ
˲ͼ֮ľ룬µվã·Ҳһžӷûʲôĵطŷ
ۼ໹ڴţ˿еҡ
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ڵˡ
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塣ֻܾǴ˸к
֪ŮǸĥϢΰɫЩŤĬһ˵ͷͷԷ
¿ǣһ֣̲³Էɡ
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ڼҳǰܾ飬ȻǵĹϵ
극ϴɾ鱾׼ȥѧУǰ
ȥѧУ
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಻˵סֲ֣ǲ֪вס
⵹ʵ
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ŪüЩˣ˵빫͹𣿡
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Цһãղҿˣ֪ǵĹϵã춼ѧУء
Цͦõġ
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ؿǴ˱ˣʣ֪࣬డϵôð
Ǹҵ˻ᣬ״⣬԰Һһˡ
㻹֪ɡ
ӿ㶵ͳһǸЦеģԿմմϲ
ı͸ղŵһޡ
żԼćNɪ˲Щͷۡ
ǻȥ˰
żݡ
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49



49 
Сʤȫ
೶˳,¶һٵЦݡ
ǡллˡ
ܵҧгݣڱ˴ʾ̬Ⱥõ㡣
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ҪǺ´Ҫ¹ˣߵҪǳӸ,,ײ˲һ߶
룬һ²ڵʱ͵
ʣµİ̯Ȼϡ
ڶ,ͼһʹһĲ˺ͰȥʳƷվˡ
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53



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54



54 
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лͶסӪҺлղ

55



55 
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лҵͶ׺ӪҺлղ

56



56 
ĸɱǧ͵ҵСŮ
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лһ±Ͷ׺ӪҺжղأף[][][]

57



57 
ʲôʱ
,˲ֱӡ
ϤǸղűŮȥϲĴ𣿣
Ҳѣ۾ֱʱЩãȻ
㿴,ȥ
仰,ķܡ
ʱ,嶼Ĳ񻰣Űֲǿû̱,ۡ
ҵŮ˭͵ҵŮ
,ޣ˵˵ôˡ

ʮĻӲ٣ڻ϶˺ӣͦ,һغӵļͦ
Χ˶ֻһ߿ţ˽ûǰ
˼ǼĹһ,϶䣺
ղŶéޣҾͳϵ˸Ĺ򡭡͡һûͲ֪ĸɱǧİСŮˣ
Χ˶һȻǿ
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Ŷ˺,һ
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϶ĺӻ١
ɫͬ־鷳Ȱÿĵƴ򿪰ɣһŴҺӡ
Сʱŵһվ,˷Ӳ,ʱ϶гϡ
,гԱص˵ͷ,ÿĵƴ򿪣ѵѣ˶ˣԼĺӣƷעвпɵˣ
⻰ԭΪѲͷ˷׷׽ԼĺӺͶ
ʹһӱң壬;еȻģ૵Ů̺Ƿɫġ
ҡҷɫ̺Ӱŵĺӣ
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59



59 

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۽ޱʪһʵˮͷ˲١
֮죬ĺԺʰҲϰھߵӡ
Ϧ죬¼һãҪһԸԲ
һ磬·ȥһʳƷվ
˸ӣټĺʣ˴ϺͺģĿţȫһ㣬Ȱ
Ͼ֪ǿ϶Ҳ˻ȥʱˡ
òˣŹȥټҡ
ʱٴ۾ڿֽﴫ๾˿ŵĶ̧ۣǣʣ緹û
ҡҡͷûء
˺õĶᵽ˳ض󣬼Ҫ˳ȥǰæ
˵¯ţ˶ӣ˸򵥵緹
緹֪Ҳܿżˡ
֪иʮŮ¼úǱ־ü۸ɾĸס
࿴֪ߵˣҪ߳һأ˸ߵЩǳúܾµͣƤȳѵ֪Ҫף˵Ҳᣬͻݡ
ϸ̫̫һţ֪ԼǼݸ񡣡
ԿٶԼҲ̫̲ص˵ͷ
к¼̿û
ͼĽҧ䡣
ϰ߾ͺã̾ƽȶ˶̫ϲŮ
һ˶Ÿһ˵ԼŮٳĬԣԼŮɫͺöˡ
Ѳɾĸɽĸˮ𴽡
ʮ࣬Ҳɷˡ
ȻʮʮˣԼСûҪӣ𨳤ƯɷάҲ˧ǿƢͦõġ
û뵽ֻǻɣٺЦЩڵغþòôˣ
û˿ΣСø
һ߿ֱ顣
֮ͣǰһֱϽҹøҶùýˣԹøÿμﶼָҹù˸ˡ
ĬĬ
ǧ
ûڼά˸꣬һ֪ĳȥԵķ
극ٴλȥûϢã׼Ҫҹˡ
ԭŽʽҳ˲Ʒ;ƹһ׺·ϾһٷǳԼա
û뵽սͱݺͽά˳
ݵϵΧȹǸղ֪ϵϵġ
СȥСֶŮǣǾС
άˮС
ǣѡ˳ս
ԼߣЦ
˵ȥˣÿ궼ǹøҹġ
ҧгݣǶôˣұֱֲ𣿡
⻰˵꣬پͽ֡
Сۣࡣ
һѣֵĻˡ
ࣺҪҲְֱ
Ϊٱʾ࣬ΪԼŮôһˮСײˣٵʱ򼾰ܾ顣
ַٵļϵʱ򣬼໹Щԥѣ̣Ҳ̫ᰴĦҪǲͺ˵ͣ
ӦһһҲ׼ֻذš
ûһٱ㿪ڣһ㣬ֲûԷ
వԼ˵ܵʩԼϵٵɫ䣬ȴЩ졣
û뵽ôһŮͬ־ô
ԭĵĵһЩȻô󣬶ԸҲԼŮãԺҲ϶װױ۸
ʹüְһٰ˰֣ˣںˣ߰ɡ
ֵջ֣ʮأЧ
ɻûбֳԹԵҪǻ۵Ļܸ˵ء
ٴʱŰͽĿԡ
漴룬Ǿòܡ
⼸껹µùԶ빴ĶǣԼСӺܰݡ
֪⿴ۼΪ¶ĽʵֱۣЩȤ⣬˱ȻһȻ֪㹻Ӯˡ
ռ˱ˣ˼༸зʽ
¼վſڿһҲȥ
СѾͷĸ˸ĸĸݸߵģÿ֪ȥܶû׼ԺҲ֪һȥξ
͸ˣûߵλþͱ¡
ô᲻СŮѣ۾ֱˡ
ԣʶջĿ⣬Լա
Ǽֵ٩ùã
̸պýˮϴ˶һƻյ˵
״Ҳһۣ㣬˵Ƥ϶˺ò׻һΡ
˹ƻ£ںڣϴҸĶҿǶôˡ
ԣתģ
һۣùʲôʱƭ㡣
Сʱ˵ҳ㻹Һ˵ˤġ顭ָͷʼ
ȿȣЩεؿһⶼǰ¶ˣѾͷţǰڵȻһˣ
ڷԼȥɳһ
ԣܵ˷һ˹Ҫŵı⣬仹Ųٵ̻һĵ⡣
ԼҪĶһ߷ŵĴ˳ȥ
ùã࣬û
ڼдģֽӡŽɫƯ
ȥŪ˽ཫӰ֪ӣá
һֵĴǼÿ˼дģԲԲи
һˡ
ڴĶǸдĶǼ黰ƽʱҲûʲô˽
꼸˺
쿪ʱµ̿Ѿյúˣһȥûһůˡ
ԭСӱ˸Բϰ˲ˡ
ݺͽάһڣһ˶ڵ١
ٸոս˳æʲôڻû
⼸ѩµôһЩԺһĻѩմ¼ѩ˻͸⿴ܿһԲĿǸεġѩˡ
ٳٳٲ˶߰˰˵죬Щɻʣڸʲôأôû
ҡͷʾҲ֪
ڰ׵ӻ򿪣šصսȻûڿ
ȻԶžھӵıڷˣǳˡ
ϵˮղɣ˵С껹ǵһȥűڡ
һվ
뵽ŵĶǰ֣ȥñڣȥһġ
óſڰںú󣬼ཫȼ֮һܡ
žıը˶Ŷ̽ͷ໥һۣϵЦݲá
˱ڣݵʱԭλ¡
࿴ԼǰŵһЩ֡
ȥ˿˵ǰҪô׷Ҫôǿ룬ôһ
ûʳڣɤӣվӣϦµһˣһˣҪһ㡣
˶վû£һ
֭ġ
׼£֪ٿһۣ˵컹СգףСտ֡
˵ףУԺؽڶϺ¡
ƨɸհϵӣǰĳġ
ģɴ۾̫̫һۡ
̫̫ĬظԼһȡ
˲Цˣллл̣ˣ
ٱ󷽵̬ŪЩ˼лʲôлϾһˡ
ǿǶĸл
⻰һһʱݺͽάżжżĽ
Щ̣֮ǰǶ˵Ժ𣿡
ЦǺǵģȥȥӾ顣
λøնͦģԵĺ㡣
ɳϿŵʳ
۵˫֣Լֺ˵ֶÿһ˳𪣬һڹǷĹǼҪĴһЩҲͱԴһ㡣
ɾܽȦסŮͻˡ
ͻȻ˵ҪԵ㷹
ԼóҲȥȦҲȦס
ľڣҲԵ㷹
Ĭˡ
һٷѵ
ѵĵǶģžöԷݣ
ı鶺Цһü䣬Ӧ
֪һúóԷġ
Ͼŵ㣬ͻȻ˵Ҫȥѩˡ
ʵ಻̫ͬҹɫ̫䣬úܡ
ǴؿˣΪʲôҶѣ
񣬼һˣͷ۵˻һǴӦˡ
ΧΧ
ŲԸΧµĵƣǲŶ濪ʼѩˡ
һѩεĻѩҪ֮ǰӲʵһʱɢ
ѳһԲӣһԲͷһ۾͵λñãûעصĶ
ҲֻΪ֪ǳѩˡ
ѩ˵֫ϣ֣ϵϸѩ
ζѵѩ˻ͦÿԼͻȻŮỺ
࣬ϡ
̧ͷ죬ɻʲô
ͻȻһ˫۵סݡһžĶҹ˺ƣŻβ̻ڿըɫͺɫ֯̽һɰ
˶Χھӷ׷̽ͷű쵵̻ҹա
һһص̻͵ĺҹƿһ˲ʶȥ
ӱȾ죬ӡŸɫĹ⡣
װһƬǺӡ
ƺע⵽Լϵߣַſ࣬տ֣ףÿնܹߣ
ཫʢ̻֮£ǲʢֻԼӵˡ
һֱ̻꣬¼Żһλɴ۾Ťͷ֪⣺
裬ΪʲôҪһ𣿡
֪һЦСһͷһſڡ
Ϊǻ
ǵСͼҲˣԼƤ˷ſȴǣס֡
ø߸ߵģβһ㡣
̴ʱ˴ǻ
⻹ûء
ĵ⣬Ǳȼ൱ʱԼĿҪãȻͺĵ໹ͦ󣬵ŵ⣬ú㡣
ӲԼգ˵Ҳɣԭպͬһ졣
ǸԺԺſڼڣڳϦ챻ڸԺǰҲûԼա
⻹ǵһг֮Ϊա
ˣۼſ쵽ʮ࣬óʮÿ˷һ

СһգҶûɣ
Ȼû
֮⣬໹յ֪ǵĺ¼һ
С󣺡㣬ҽ㽻ˣҪãȻҪѺҵġ
źЦŻش𣺡İɣ϶á
õ˳ŵ¼ʮصͷ
ɫˣ֪½ȥˡ
ԭ˼һ죬̫ˡ
ܾˣǻȥУֲԶ
ԣֻðֵͲǡ
ǣֺصһ߿·һ˵ţҽرˡ
䴽˾ͺá
ص˼ңղȹѩĽ̫˯ůͣཫ¯ӵϣ׼յˮݽš
֪ڷﵷʲôĻȥ
µӦ׼Լܸӵûƿӿֻǽ¯ӵϡ
ˡ
һ֧ŶĶȷйԹŷһ㡣
ץϵĲϣЬߵǰžӴϽᡣ
ǰ˵ɫʺ
ϵĺɫȹӣ룬ϲ
ǻİɣ
ע⵽ϵ糺죬ֱգԥԥ˺þõ裬Żصϣ˵
࣬Խˡ
Žƿ˳ƽ䵽ϵ·̡
ȵ䵽ϵʱ۾˲ɴ
Ů˱ͳޣһ˫һֽģʱĺȹڴϣ΢΢ǰ㣬ǰĹԣѩġ
ϻ˿ϵɿϵ˸ᣬںڵľѩ׵ļ米ϣһֻ˵
Ҫ𣿡ü䣬Խұ
л˵
˼ȥǾԼ˵
¶ˡ
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60



60 

ĺһ˲,˺ֿܶܣҲͼ²׸׼ʲô
ôҲû뵽յôء
ҪԼ͸
ȻҪֲ,֮ǰ,ǰ,Լµѩ׵ļϡ
ȹӺƯ,,ڶҹȴЩˡ
ůԼֵʱЩãȻŴһʹ
Ĵҧһ,мϧô䣬ôܴô㣿
˵ʲôֶסʪĴ,˳Ĵ棬˿˶ԷĴݣཻͬ
صˮ¯յúڸ,¶ȸ˼֡
˵Ҳ,ǺģǺģҲ,||ޱߡ
һ,Ŵ|Ϣ,͸Կѩױݺ|,۵һǳˮ
Լлգֳ
ഩףԲļͷԭɢȥʵָȡ
ʱٶѩ׵ľ֮ϣĺɫҫĿĹ⣬עĿ
֪ǲ⣬޳ָסɿϵָϲƼȦ׽֯޶ޣ(ˣʲôûд)
ָϸ쾱ϵ˵㣬۾ῪڣڡҪʼҵˡ
ƽ֪Ϊһ˿ţҧŴûһſͷ
ᱻ£˿ϸҲûб˶£Ǳط
Ů˱ƵڴϣɢںڵķĳܽԽѩ塣
ϵһȦһȦƣ󱻴˸Ưĺᡣ
˫ֱͷʹĴĴߣ裬Ҫʼˡ
ûõظҲ˿⣬ģ䣬ѩļһһĺ÷
۾ţŶԷĶëضţʶҪƿȴװס
ֻܡ
֪Ǵһ㣬һȶϸϸطءࡢ࡭(ˣ˵˵)
̧ͷڱֻܿһ˫ӡ
Եģ衣
ָ޳ָ׻ἰʱ޼Բûǡ
Ϊũָ࣬ϴż룬Щϣżļκ죬˻δԹķʽһαҪ׷ſһЩ
ϸϸؿʼ˼棬ֻоԷףʲô뷨װˡ
ΨһܸܵıǰʩϵĵεΡ
һֻèӣһֻè£èͷϸϸظëκһûбŹ
Ȼèͷϵĵ̣µëè¹һ飬ë˳һһƵģմŶڴèζ
ӱ̽ͷʱ۾գЩɢؿڻͷϲϸϸһ㺹
ϧؽ§üġǼ⡣
С̾һ
أһëʪģ|죬ž˵||ɫ(ɶûдֻǴ̫Ư)
ء࣬ϵ˿⿪(ԻҪ)
࿴ϵϵʵϵĲûȫˣȻҲѲ
˿һȦһȦ⿪chuanһ
֪ʲôʱ򣬴ǽǵķɫǾޱʪ(ͻȻˣ)
Ǿޱͦÿģз۵İ׵ĺģ֪вɫȫɾ˷Źв
ɫǾޱ覣ɫǾޱһһ˴Ǿޱ㲻Ҫˡ
ڣཫڻĶͷ
𣿡
˵ϻεεڼؿڵᡣ
Ὣ˵ǰϴʪЩһһǴù֣˵˲
ÿʱ˶ǿƣһֻĸҪǿƵ֤Լĵλ
һ˲ֺõȥǻΪ̫Ưˡ
ϣֳ̬Ưþˣ̲סȥ۸
ûȥˮ
ʱȴ֧ЩȻϻģһȴƵضżࡣ
౻ü𣺡ôˣ
պ˵ģſڼţյĶʣҲòã
⻰Ľֺû˵Թ˾
ͻϮû˿׼ЩãȻ
Է㶵ʱΨһľǡʯͷԼĽš
ǣмġ
ۡ
ûõĻظ̧ͷʲôо𣿡
շź졣
شﴽ
֪ҲҪƣܱܲмˣ
ʪĵطһ·һµĴִˮԼϲ˲
ֻ໥ȡůСޣ˱ţѶůģûþ˯ˡ
һ϶˯ú죬ʶ
ڶգЩ̧ʱ䣬ŵˡ
Щᣬ࣬ؿ˯񾲵Ծӡ
ȸҲЩᣬҴñӺ󣬼ڴЪ˻ŲЬȥϴ
¯ӵһҹȼŻ𣬼һúȥһҹˮ˸ʪëֵ˲
˯ó̫ۣһûѡ
ȥӪȥʳƷվ˵ˣŽ
Ժرףȫůʵ󣬼ĺ󱳡
緹Ȼˡ
Ȼᣬؾ
Լſ֣ҡ
ճ˾֡
ƨɽ˱ϴòŰǰá
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ϴɾϷŵĲˣԼţǽȥ̼ҳԷɡ
ûǱ˼Щɻ
ˡ
ڼϡ
ഽһ飬ҲۣûҶ
۵ˡ
һۣҹȷʵЩţҪδ¶˵̫̼ٳһĻỵġ
˵
Ļñ˲˵ʶȤ죬ĻУǿȥ̼ң𣿡
ȫϵĳ춼δ¡
ߵӡ
Ϊίؿ˼һۣ˵㡣
úúãңұòã
ȥˡ졣
ɼֱǰˣŵݵĺ壺ˣҲۣұȥ
ֵıЩԥ
Ĳ𣿡
û˵ԼϿ§סȺȵһȦ
˰ɣ
ܿˣˣȷǴ㶫ȥ
Ǵһȥʱ򼸺еĵطˡ
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·ƻЩȻһݾɳ
£Ϻܿ챻˸
ȺɫŴ
һ˷ųһ
һһҲҪһһٷģ*ʱķ൹ҲûԸЪţǽ˳æ
ʣˡ
۳ջ˯ʣôȥˣ
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ʲôʱ˯
û˵ժΧĲϡ
䲻һ䣺Ӷкۼ
סҪȥ沱ӵĳ嶯Ǳﻹӡ
ٺǺЦһζȷʵͦġ
ǳ.
̣֪ô¾ͲҪȡЦˣ
ߣָӣʲôʱ飿Ͼͽ飬û
ڴ߻飬Щͷۡ
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㣬ôżʲô
̾һտ㳤ģˣ˺ˣҵɲˡ
С˻ȷʵûˡ
⻰ʱߺһҶ˵˰ܺõģ
ԼûϢŮپûۿûסһ䣺СٺãҲҪʲô¶˵ǮƱԼŵ㡣
ͷ̣׬ǮǸҵģİɣˡ
һ㶣ϵοһЩ
ҲãҵһˣǲܵӰˡ
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µĹڳǽҪ˹
ᳵ·ҵµĹĹǰѩɨ˲ʯཫŵһ֦÷ݸ÷󱻰ڵ˱ǰ
࿴ĹϵĺڰƬ¿񣬱˼°֧ѩ÷
ͼʮָۣվڱǰ
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Цſһۣü·Լϲã裬ڹúҸϣҲҪҸ
Լ˵Ļ˵Ƽࡣ
࿴ĹϵƬ裬Ǽ࣬İˣһõģһֱȥչء
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ٵΪͬŮУҪҴ˻ɡ
ش𣺡¶ǿԵֵģ
Ҫ֪Сϰ꣬Ҳʮں䲢ء
СùӡͦõģҲΧǰʱԽʲôԽûʲô
ٵǲżȶĹҵʵֻʱ⡣
۹ء
һ˺ڵسһٷ󼾰վڴǰ
һƬճĺڣûʲôÿģ
ںҲûпķ羰ֻС˵Żַ֣ŽԼĿڴ
ͻȻʲôѹһЩҿ˿ÿ˿ʳڣ
ҩСù𣿡
ҽŻҩɣ
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ԼֶŮߺһЦ
˵ô·ôŤҪԵرޣ˼ϡ
Уȥüƿ
˵̻˷䣬࿿һߣ
С뿪ˡ
ȥ·ϣûü౳š
һǰһţ·ƽ˵ӰӶյóģվӰߡ
󼾰ͣסתͷο

±ץֱȥŴջЩĹġ
ô͹ù˵ùÿ϶֪ˡЩˡ
ཫץסԼ¶ȸůţᰲοˣֲʲô˵£ùÿ϶ѽ
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˵ʵҲߵģšҲûôҪ
ֵ˵ǣŲǲҪأֻǵҡ
õģ˵Լá
Цã֪ҵ㣬ܿԲ˰ɣ
ŤŤӦһס֡
·ڻһ㱡ѩһȥƵ̤ѩ
·һӡʮǰ˼ҡ
¯ˮȥȵġ
պǲˮֱݽŵ¶ȡ
󣬻ĺ㱻ɢĲˡ
ȵ˴ϵʱ򣬼ʾԼĻ
Ļһɫޣ΢΢պϡ
͸ҩĨȥܿڻˡ
Ǽӵ£ٶȱʪġ
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СĿһ¡Щ޹
۾ǺһԭǲСĵģһΪǱңء
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⻰졣
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ţĲҪҸҩ𣿡
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û취мס泯ƣЩ˵Ļ
һµҩʱᴵͼԼָĳȡ
ǵĽǣ޿̵ļఴֲһλ
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ˣһ㿨˴˷Ź[]
֪Ҿ㲻㷴˽Ļ˵һ´ұעһ
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61



61 

³³ǰ,ûôȥСԼӡ
⼸Ҳô֣Ϊż,е̶ر,ǰ⼸ҪĶ,ʲôȱԼڼҲ鷳
żȥǲһٷ,ͼ඼ᶯְæ
һ֪ѧ̻Щ,Ͼ֮ǰڼʮָմˮû뵽һ콿εεĴС㻹ѧ
ӦֵطŹĲˣ̵ʱлżֵ⣬˵Ҳûʲôѵ
˿ûᵽһʱľ
,Ǽ賤ˡ
ʮĹҪ䳤,Щ˼Ŷ⽫õĲʢ
ȵ˱ӣ֪ĸĺҲЩ졣
һں۽ѹ,βЦơ
賤ˡ
ĸŮ˵Ļһģһġ
³,ϵĵ̶½ţҲǸѵõ죬ϸѩͣ,Ҳ
ԭ˵Ҫһȥ,ѡ˽ӡ
гĶҪȹȫĶ,ȥǴ
˵ط,гǰ˵ǲ٣
Ҳȼȥκһ綼Ҫ
ȥ󣬲ŷŸֶɫƷշ౻ڵ룬ɫҲϪҪޡ
ϪƷϴ඼Ǻɫɫ;ɫһۿȥ˵һƬгĶȴɫͷף˿ۻҡ
ʵҲûʲôҪģĶ׼ȫҪһ
ѧϰƷ֮⣬⻹̯ӡ
濴˼ۣûʲôͺܹصĶһ۹ȥֻȫƽƽ
ĻƷĵط󣬺ͼ˵һ׼ȥ
ԭһȥģ̯ϵһƷ۾˲ȹȥ
뿪󣬼ཫ˿ɫԣɫ̯ҪǮ
̯һЦСͬ־ǻʶ鰡ֵ̯ǮĶˡ
ۣͯһڼۣʮˣ
⻰ཫ̯һţԥҪߡ
ûŲӣӽס
Ůͬ־˵Ҫôˡ
šüӣҲ̫˰ɡ
ԣҽؿ˿Χû˿ǣѹСͬ־ⶫҲңҪҪĻʮǿǴ۵ģҿƲԸŻݡ
㿴ɫƮÿ
ĿĴﵽˣҪˬ츶ǮͿڴżǮˡ
ƵĿ⿴ţһƹȥ
ǸӣȸţȥҰǮٹ㸶Ǯ
ӺɵؿһۣòǲҪɡ
˳ԼϲǮģ
ͷӣûǮǮҰϡ
ͲԼūдˡ
ģӻЩţΪҪĽڡ
ҪˣˣӶ˰֣Ӧˡ
аɣȥɣȸţҪһֱĻҪҿֱ˰
ͷȥ
ˮʱ򱸿ʱ࣬Ҫҵԭе⣬¹ȥӸһЩ
еûͺͼһȥӪ۾˺ʵ۾̫ϲʱڿûкʵ۾
ҵ˵ʱϸߺڿ۾꣬˼ϵľô
ӹϸ˿ϣͷÿ
ȡҲͦġ
Щᣬһ˿࿴أ
һǻĵһ
СʱȥˣԼû˵¡
һСţʮǮ
ʲôЩֵؿһۡ
ƽ＾ڼԺٹ̣ͻȻһҪôǮһ䡣
šüЩᣬûֱ˵ֻţҰɣмá
ɫԽ֣ǿʲô£
żЩżӣĴ󽫳ŴŽ
˵ʲôӹǮһ̶ͲӰ

Լյ֣Ⱥеĳˣĥĥ
ô죬֪ͺһȥٸǮˡ
˵ǺãҪǮʱõǮܵñ˭졣
ȼʱĴ˹䣬ЩС
ûйã˻ͣǰʱЩ
һźǣȥ̨
гſ򼾰࣬ʣʲô
ཫ˴Цһء
ܣȥٸ~
Խˡ
ʲô
ܱиС԰ůͣźһ䣬һȥˡ
Ĺ԰Ҳûʲôÿľɫǰѩıѩڵ϶Ѿۡ
԰һӣûжˮӿˮӱһվȱҲҪůһЩ
ĴϡϡɢȺϡٵĵطȥҪܹǵദһ
һվΪΧˣǣеػ˻Σû˵ʲôͻȻ˲Զִ
½㲻ǸŮˣʲôʸҲү˵һҵҵģҲ͵͵ֺүӣЩͽͣ˼Ҹ˼ˡ
⻰Լͬü
ںܿŮ嵭ķ
䵭ûǳĵ˵ǻЩܻ
үү˵гŸᣬ⼸쿴ȷʵûʲôңȥүүˣԺ㱻ϳš
ԣüпֵζԡ
йϡ
Ҫȥ֪ĴܳһֻèڿҶϷ֨ǡþʹҡڵشǵǰ
˶˲üû˼ͬ½ʣ˭͵
˳ȥŷԭ˹֮һԨԴ
ԵҲҪ
½˻֣á
½һ˲Ƕ΢΢һЦ
ߵ½ֱӱ˺ԡ
½ȻҲû뵽ôطȻܿˡ
Щ
ʱ˺ԣһʱиǱơ
ʵΪʲôҪ͵ң
һضߵ˵˺ôһҲ֪ţ治Ҫ
Ĵ߹ŵЦӵص˵ͷ
½ӵžţٶ½ϡ
½Ĺ֪¾ͺǲԸǧټưˣ
ָ֣Ůˣááá
һ˲Ǽƽϣ½ҪҵλãΣ
ϣ½һ񶼲ٸǣתǵ뿪ˡ
վԭأఴ˰̫ѨǾЩĪûס½һ䣺
㣬ܵǲ⣿
ֻһż˭Һ˻ΪǱ˸ٰ
Ǻ½ȷʵԸⴧҲпԭ
½˼ĻߵЦ΢΢ףҾÿС
ཫ½һ½Ӳ̫½ž;֪ڣһŶ쵰ºͣ½ӣԴһɰʡ
˵ĶԻѵó˿Ը
Ħ°ͣ룬˵ĵ˾ѡ
룬Ǻ½ѹϵˡ
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㣬ҽм࣬ҵİǺܵʶǺһ֪࣬ҾǵصĴ񡣡
½ߵò֡
ͬ־׳Ůҵš
ԷûᵽԼ˿ɥ̸˼䣬˵Щ½ˮ¡
㣬㶼֪½ӻӣɳˣҾʱɫҲǳʺһѿҲ֪ǲĳԽȥˡ

Ȱȵ˵һѣ½Ҳ˼̿
󼾰뿪ǰ½Ҫ˸ϵʽŵַ׼´лϵ
õԼҪϢ󣬼½׼ؼҡ
ŹĿ϶򴽿ż࣬ԷʱŸղдµֽ֪ʲô
ĳѾĵֲ˼ˡһ䡣
ղô£½ԼһԸ½ӣһʱҲû˵ʲô̧ͷʱЩɻ
ղ˵ʲô
ҧŴƲͷȥˡ
ûʲôƼ˻ش
¼ǸϹҲῴҵĽˣֽʱȴǡˡ
ֻܽԼ˵Ļʱ£ϳ
ڿλλò󣬵˵ļͷײһ
ȥǣ֣㿪һκĵعסָ˵ϣֱһס
Ķ˵ĻͻϢҲĶ
ղ˵ʲôأû壬ǹġ
˵ߵλŲŲ۾⣬һµĲ
һ
ˡ
ղŵ¸һҲܲµԼԴ׵Ϊʲôˡ
ڳϵ˶࣬˵ǣָ֣ȥٺ㡣
Ȼ˼˵ĻƵ˻֮С
Ŵ۾һգգ۾ɬۿת
ܿ촹۽ޣûüע⵽
Ǽ˵ط³˼ԶŤͷŷ΢ۿ
˲Ҳˣཫӽ䣬ָ£ûˮգָһ±ͻȻµӴʪ
ۣͳ˿ڴʱŵǰĽᡣ
˿ʵأ۵ļҲûʲôۼΪˣá
ôίǲǳԴˣ
ļŴ꣬ҧסӨһһµǲ˵
ֱҲֱֱɫѪԡ
̧°ְͣסĴ꣬ѱҧƵ´ȳȥһڣѪԼζᡣ
κ۵ռϷ磬ܣ˵ͻʳ
裬ˡ
Ķ½û˼ֻϲ㡣
ֻϲֻϲ裬ֻ裬衣
仰ᵹֹסˣɫˮջЩƺ졣
Һ½˵ôֻҪĶ½Ӷѣһ˰һ˵ı£
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ʵҲЩգ֪дʱӦö룬½ǰû׼һ㡣
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ˣô˵Ĵˡ
䣬һѽ˹
ͻȻʧأһʶס˼ļ
Сʲô
ཫøһЩˣұȥòã
СȵҪɼ໹ǽúȣ·ǰʱǡײ
Ƶڼ໳Щ֡
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ЦŽͣŤˣⲻ˵ǣǱ·ˡ
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˵֮ǰСģȻˤˣǾͻҸĺòã͵С㡣
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ͬ־ҺһΡ
Ըҽ顢֤齨һµļͥ𣿡
л˵
ۣû˵
лͶӪҺлղ



62 ̫ˮӸһ
һ̻
Ļº,롣
˵ľ벻ԶǡܹԷǳĺ
˵ŶǼٵģʹ˵ĸѾȶ,Ļǳϸ
Ҳô,һӦ
ʱһһعȥ,ౣͷƵĻش
ӦɣС
ͷż,ʶƮɢ
֮ĪԵ,ĵһǾʹ棬ÿһ죬Լܺá
ԭΪǱͼȴľͷ,Ķûпϡ
ʵûͼ˵࿴
ؽ¹ˣȴӵҪ¹˽ء
Ҳɹ,Ͷ
ڣҪ飬齨һµļͥ
Щ㱣ò̫ʵ
Ҳֻôһֽ,˳ƾס
Ůĵһһڶظ,ҡԸġ
ͬ־Ը飬齨ǵСͥ
ͨһ仰,ڼ໹,̺ž޴塣
Ļرס,Ȧסĺ,֪ΪΣǰˮ뵣ѹ
ϲãڼ仹һ˿
һ̣˵ĸһ
һ˭û˵
ȵſ󣬿˶ԷԼˮһЦ
סЩ˼棺ö֪Ϊʲôˣġ
ţһɫָ⣬Ϊ谮ҡ
ȷҲȷʵûзһͷĻͷС
ɴƨ⣬Լϣƣǵز˲ıǼ⣬ʲôʱ֤ʱ򻹵ðϯҪʲô·𣿡
ЩЩϸھЩͷʹ°͵סļҡҡͷ
ôôȥ˵òš
ֽš
Ĵ۽ü*Цضزס
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š
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ü䣬ⴿ˵Ļȴ軵
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Ķ䶼ˣƶûȻЩɷȴʵڰ졣
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걻׵Щס
˼򵥲һ˴ñӹţҪҩʱȸϸϸûѣȴżϸĴʡ
޷ǾǡҪˡһ㡱⼸ʻ㣬ĺ󱳣˺˯ðЩżҩ
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ֿѾΧһȦˣŮͬ־л󣬼һͳ壬ƾɵ˺ܿӺ漷ǰ档
ıԹͳʼ
Ҫ覴Ʒ֯Ļ·ӡΧףӶ١
ڵϣѡ
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ԱëǮŴӣ߸˵سȥˡ
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ǰĽӺܴҲ㣬ʮͱˣиӱԵ
èͷȵĶٶʶطģȳ꣬СҧһںЦ˵ζ𣿡
ĻشƶĽӺóԡ
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Լȥϸ۵ֱڲǼ۵Ǻۡ
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ԭʵɳϿ飬˶֮ſڿһۣһͷʪ˲ü
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ЩߴӴ֮ӦҲѿ
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ܵ壬Щί
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࿪ڣùã˵øڲ鳧㲣顣
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άͷУҴ绰ʡ
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ϴ˵ˮӳ˵㣬ûԡ
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63 
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,һ˲üЩš
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ܿ,ʹǸŮ,ҿǣ֣ͷԭΪԼۻˣһã۾紵,֮Ƕǿ֮˭Ҳ岻ȥķΧ֪һ԰¡
ǿ˼֡
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ɫ˲ЩѿŮ֮󻹺ŮĸˣǶҵ
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ֹ,ָǸµ,Ҳ֪ǲǱƭˣȻһ𡣡
ԭͶԼ鹢ڻĻԽŭ
ТŮŭһ
ھҪȥѵѵŸûҰˣ
ô嶯æס
ǲǻҪȥǣŮ˻һ˼ҡ
ôһ˵ͣ½Ųžһߡ
ԭǸµСӣ滹ĸ㣬ǰ޵Ĳϵ˸С
ʱһкȺݸ߸ߣ㡣
Ҫ꣬ʱΪ»ҲֲԸشﵱ泯ũ¼˿˱˵۹⣬¼ҵš
˴඼ǿҵģʮǰʹ¼ǮƣֳڣҲûжԸŮ
ԸУѧߡòԽ֤ܿĻڣ¼ҵĹϵһݳĹ
ҲǹһʱۻɼǶӣĸ׸ʮֲҲԹ¡
ÿ¸ңܱĸøĻ̣ʼʱȰǣƵĻˣȻҲеֻ֮һԹۡ
ҲǻίԼˣҳζ󽥽㲻ٸһȥˡ
ǸŮССһһֻӣŴɰ
ΪӵԭϵЩ˻ڣգʹ׸ǰǿҪﻹǺһ̡
λ֪ͬ׸ģҲһ㣬еĽ黳ŵԽԽ

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ٺȥǨΪ˼٣ɱԭգ飬Ҳ֪ôģپȻҲûĻǨ¡
˸ӣĳƫ˹ɵŮܹڽӴĶӡ
ΪûпֻȱǮʱȥ
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֮󣬺ĹϵԶˣҲ¼˽ԽԽ
˵ʵ֪䵽ǼҵʱûҪ硣
ǸС㣬Ҿͬ⣬¼˿϶Ҳͬ⡣
磬֮취ŪʵڲһũҲС
ô*Լò׽˸ίᣬȻҵĸ
Ҳ֪ȵϢǮһλڵ̫Сϡ
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ȫһԸڵĸ岮ˡ
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ྐྵӣ󣬽ĹƤһ£˲ĭɽ˲üЦվӭӡ
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⻰˶ĬĬ˸ۣ˭֪׸¼ҵʱľ壡
Ǳһ̹ǫ飺УҲһ㡣
ƮƮȻλ֣ڹְֱ
˵˸
״Цԣ⺢࿴ͻ飬Ժ϶Ǹɴµˣ
˶һͬص˵ͷ˵Żĭɣ˻ûʼϣѾ˼ࡣ
Ů˼Сĳ⼸СӷС
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缸µĹ򣬻͸µӸˣԷǸŮˣ
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ګګҲǹ˵ģֻҸղһֱ¡
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һµʲôʶҿǵøܸʵͬ־Ǵţǻûš
ǰŮϲŮ˵˵
߰˰Ŵ꣬ȫȻû˼ʶ˼ҲЩӣЩӡ
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һȥ鳧ʱ򣬽άѾſڵˡ
к󣬽ȥֿһһĲͬʽĲڿۻҡ
ܵЩЩ覴õӣԸԱһǮһǺú
һĶЩֱɫӣЩӴ϶ÿ
װӺ󣬰ճƺõǮлŶһؼҡ
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ҪʮĹ̫˽⣬ûǰʱһ
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껹Щ԰ףЩۡ
ڼϢġ
ϿŶҪȥӹеĶȴܿ
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˺ܿ쵽˼ңһţ·ϴ֣ȥ׼緹
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šüɨ㿿ǽţǰȥŴ򿪡
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64



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˿Լ㻹Ҫҵ׵Ļ͸ϽŮ˷ֿһȥոˣǻԸᡣ
˭ôûòģ岮ǵǸǳģǿĸͷ͵ǹȥˣ
ΪгϢҲҳ֮ˡ
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65



65 

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66



66 

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ģǰɣǺóԡ
ѩף˺޵Ķ֮ʳˡ
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۰Ͱ͵ضţֻҨһ׵ݸ

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68



68 
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лͶ׺ӪҺл۶ղ[]

69



69 

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֮,˵˺ܶ಻õĻ,Ҳüѹˡ
˵˵Ļı⣬ȷʵҲ֪ԼΪܹ֡
ͷֺõҪȥ׼ĲȴԤ⵽˶
΢΢ʱһۡ
ʲôʱƾķʽҹصġ
·ϣӲá
֪һ׳ôͲ֪Լഩһٳ
˵ٴνԼֳת
վԭҧڵҹɫŨīݷХĳڿצҪɵޡ
ûãûļٶȳſڣɫ䵭Ҫˡ
ҧƣһһ׹
Űɡ
⸱ģšüߣ

ԣ̧ͷ͸ۿ򼾰ࡣ
ǲǻڹԼ
ںԼǲǣ
¼಻ͷҪߡ
ɸղűͬһƾˣŷ飬һǰ඼ӣʵʵˤһӡ
Щļǰ˱𣬿ڶԷЩģҸղˤһӡ
Ȼ϶ġ
࣬Բءָ鷳ˡ
ԼüൣˣĳԲʹÿöԷۡ
£Կ߽ݾԭ£ӼղŵĻۡ
û˵˷ҵĵϺʣǱ𣿡
ˤ۵ԼǸʲô
ѡ񣬼ԸװԼˤ˻ҪµصǸ
ȥҩ֮࣬ǰãҶ
ŵҲϣŲĶԷϵ£ͷᡣ
ϵĲ˷ۣ¶ǳЦ

ôܹأ
ҩɴûɫͻһЩ
Ȱϵɴ𿪣ҩٰá
մҵ˫ϥϣʪëɾרעظҩ
ͷ̽ڣࡣ
۶û̧˵ڻ
ţƵģǸȥ谭˿
ڼȫ񶼷˿ϣȻֵñô
ϱƤϥϿˣƤףۿЩء
ҩư࿪հȥŮʹһ
ʹҲš
಻࿪ۣ֮仹ϥǡ
ϥǵ౻࿪ٿۿת
˯˯㣬ϴ
ڴ࣬Сץס䡣
ܱ࣬ܲˣ
ԲҲ˵ֻҴˣ֪ҲżҿڲˣԺҲܲԭң
̧ͷ۰Ͱ͵ؿżҪõӦ
վڴߣϲͷԼƣŵ
ˣʡ
ָһϵ˿ڡ
һ
ཫַֿһ͹˫ˡ
ţͷʼ˼ԼĴ
Ϊ鲻Ǩŭ㣬ҲӦòԼ塣
ԼĴ˵˳˿
ԭͷʹķͣҲ˲١
ʶԼĴһܺá
ҲöͬĻ̬Ȼ˹
ĴǲԼ塣
裬̵¼Ҫչ˺ԼԺҪǵʱǲܹϣԲԣ
ͷ
ţԭİޱס
һڡ
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裬Ҳ̿ҵ̡
һС
֪ģҸղ˵Ҳô˵ġ
µĺڷûϵҸղҲúģ֪ļҲú㳳ܣҲö˵໰
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ͷڲϴ˯
Ը˴Ͳ˹
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̫࣬еÿһ¶Ŀռ乩Ϣ
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Щεؿۼ࣬Сʣÿ֮ͺۣ𣿡
ࣺ
ֲޡ
һˣûκ뷨
㳪𣿡
ͷ𴲽ٻȥʱŮ˿˹һ
Լһͯҥ
شԹԵ˯㲻ºƶط

˯װС˯װС
ѹ͵ᣬᡣ
ĶߣԾŶԷ߳ĵӣЩ
û˯ûͣʮڸܵ⣬ѹ
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ɤЩһ뵽ȥˮŻὫǳ˳ѣס˲ʣʹĶǡ
Ҳ˯ˡ
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˺·ι˵嵭࣬ҩ˯
յʱҲǲ˾
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ǡգϿΣڼϢһ졣
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ӾмĹţ˸⣬һǸġ
Щ죬û뵽ȻԼķݡ
˼ңڷ䱸Σŷϡ
裬š
һ㶣ָֽϡ
̵Ļ
ϣǣֵĻᴫϢٳٲҴ򿪡
л˵
ˣֹͣܲԸҹ
ѩڷܴڹ
л̫ͶˮѽԵĻټӸ~Ҫ֪дд
лͶ׺ӪҺлղ
̨ҥԹ˯شԹԵ˯㲻ºƶط
ԹԵ˯㲻С쵭ţζ
Цöôμ˭豧˯ԹԵ˯
˯װС˯װС

70



70 
岻壿
,ٳûжʣҪ𿪿𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ܲʲô鶼࣬һ,ֽóɨһ顣
,ֽ,ָ⼸Ҫֽơ
ૣҾ֪
ʱĵĲǿѨ磬جͻȻʵ,ȻҲһ׼,Խܡ
ʧǣù鿴һҲĬҪοȴ־ܹ֯Զ̫԰ס
Ⲣٵ,Ĺš
𨽫ٵǱǶϾϵͬ˵ˡ
Ȼ𨲢ûֱ˵ڵͿ֪϶ǴƸ۵ľġ
ٲŮ,ѡǱǶϾϵ
뵽˻һĸԼţཫóһ
ĸžȻдġ
ݼ࣬ܽ仰
ϣܹ飬չ˺
Ҫ,Լ
չʾ,֮ղȣ侲һЩ
ֻֻڷ
˵Ҫұ̫,϶а취ġ˵⻰,֪ڰʾԼ,ٵ
⸱ģ,Щܡ
һйܱȱҪá
վƽˣȥ
裬סὫסѹĻԿޣҪš
ֵڼļϣĻɶһЦ
Ҳѹ
ԭ黹ûȷʱǡ־壬ȷһ
ʲôˣֻܹ֪ǵİš
ΨһľҪԼʱʱ֡
࣬ȥˡٴظһ顣
Ĭһ˲ͷ
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ΪٹȽʱżϻ侲ֵԼﻵˡ
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ԭУûȷᵽٵľʱ䣬ֻܹƸʱ䡣
ˬУŮȻǸ㡣
ԭᵽҲֻͨдԭŰĴСͻȻ½ӵ̬ȺǮҪǰæ
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వһǣһߡ
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¹ǶԼĳݣ½ӵٸеõ*㣬΢΢ףûӣţ㡣
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ϣܹнİ취
л˵
ʵ̫ˣ㻹Уˣõȡ
дͷͺ[]
лͶ׺ӪҺлղ~



71 ̫ˮӸһ

,ҽԺ
Ժ̵ӣٴѯʣְٰ꣬,ȷҪȥϵҽ
,Ȼ͡ѾϾ˹ϵ,¶ûжӰ죬˱˵һ,ҲҪԼǰ̡
Ժͦ᲻̵,ҽԺѧߡҽãԸᣬµÿ޲ڡ
ĸ׵ҽԺﴫˣҲ֪ĸŮ͵Ǳ˹ϵ
һǰͻȻյְĲ,ȫûзӦ
ôõҽҽϧˡ
ǳǳһЦлԺʶھл,˵ûʲôҲҪΪũҽЩװˡ
ȴǲɫؾ
Ժûֻͬǩ֡
ǩֵϣ߳ҽԺ,һŻ
ԺĻ,̲ͬ
ͬٵĸų,ĸ졣
ǰ;ĸױ,ǰֵ߲һᡣ
֪߲,Ըǰ,һ磬ֻҪýٻչ
۽ΣԼľڡ
дʱ꣬ѻɫųģƺʱҪ
䣬ڵϣ𽥻۳һˮݡ
죬ȴеƣһ˿⡣
ƺƴ󣬵Ḵ
-
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С˵ĸòٰɡ
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СһʱЩ¡
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ſûһԶˡ
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극󣬼˸ɣСʯܡ
ܵһ룬ֻȥ÷д˵Եġ
ҪСе˵ǲ١
´֣࣬Ϣʱ䣬Сʯﲻˡ
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Сɴ۾ؿ
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ԷأҲ𣿡˶Ϣʮ̫̫ɻ
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ԥͷûʱٷϻ
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Ůͬ־æһɵĺüȥȡ˵ҩ
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ͬ־ǵʲôϵҲôģСԼˡ
ͷļµ֢״ǿס־ЩͷĿѣ
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ŵҰˣҰ˵̣˵ܲ𣿡
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ôɺϣ
ؿһۣҵķϣŲĻܲһ㣿Ժɻ𣿡
ŮɲЩΪѵؿһֿۣڴ˿١
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仰һӲһȺһɢ
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ԥĹŮɲࡣ
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72



72 
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̾һ,Ǻܺá
˵꣬վܡ
ۼֿ콫ס,,侲㣡
ô,ȥʣ,һҶǱ߿,ڻϢһȥ
οٴҲԸôǱӣһʼü
ǻɡ
ĻЩ,һ
룬໹ǽٵ˵һļ˺
̵ȹ,ϺҲ˿ڣҼ򵥴һ¡
̾һ˵ϵҪһʱơ
·ŵĺ಻ûд򱨸³ӣȻصĴΪٴٿ|ᡣ
ðķ,ڡ
СʯĳҽԸΪ,ˮĳҽˡ
˭ͺ೶Ϲϵܵһǣ޲öԶԶĲźá
ϵ˿ǻͨҩڲҩ,Ҳ,Ǽ໹,ûнӹǵա
ʱֻҧȰȥ,ٹһʱ䣬һ󼾰˸ơ
ԣͷ˵
ķӿ
һʱЩʹޣԼôôûã֮ǰԸ̶ѧһҽĻڵûпܺһЩ
ϵ𶼱࿴Ὣ˱סο裬Ҫ롣
Һ̵һ취ģҪҪϢã֤Լܺúչ̡
ͷ˵Ļе
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ٶҲûãΨһıǵ̬Ǽ˵ȱ֤Լ塣
ǽԼĻȥˣ΢΢¡
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ϴ󣬼棬Ƥڴİӵ緹
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ûθڣǼ˸ӣźһš
ǣҪչˣΣ˶ùԼ壬ûչٶãԼȵˡ
ţ·Ѿ˲ٴ񣬴ǱųͷȥԼҵĵڵػǲ֣Ϲʱ͹˲Լҵĵˡ
СʯȥΪ˱˶Ŀ˸С˼С·ȥţ
ţǰȻλƵű紵ø֨죬վǰƾɵʱضеյӣЩƿš
ԭվ˼룬軹ǽƿˡ
ȿľ󣬾Ϥ
˭
߬ȭͷһص̣ҡ
ľ룬ĳ豻۵ףյƾɡְֳ
ٴʱ۾⿴ϺŸɰͰ͵ɫ֭Һǲѿ͹ƽļͻȻʮꡣ
ԭʮɤҲ˼
ʹ׼ȻԽܡ
һ١
ƽٴ𣬲κôˣ˵С𣿡
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⽫ůˮװˮ˹ţ︽˵ˣһӶûС
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ŵǵٴμ֣Сúùӣùңҵа취
ûһ㣬Ҵñǣ̣úϢ㡣
绹пΣҪϻѧУϿΡ
ٵڼϣüͷ𣺡СȥԺǶˣҲҪչˡ
ڳɷֲãͼǺܻչֲʲôôֻǣǣӰǵ
ٵĻᶨ̣˵ʲôҶӦ롣
ұ·ţ𣿡
ٿԥش
ᡣ
ۣۿ΢졣
Ҳš
л˵
ΪڿǰķƼ񵥣˽
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Ϊڹؼ㣬ʱͺܾᵽӦôд
˵ڵķզûѣ˵
лͶ׺ӪҺлղ

73



73 
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ǽһ,ȻЦŮȴһһĺá
ʮˮ˼,Ƕʱҵչ,ÿæýŲմ,ȴ˼չ
չˣ,ߡ
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ЩҪ뿪ĻӰˣÿһ仰Բԡڲġ
ûǰᣬҲԸٶ˵ɴ,ȥϿˣ㡣
ۣûлش
,ſڣó˰¡
ʵҲЩ̾ǰֳ˲٣ܹõؿԼ
,ȼཫÿ,ʣڻش𣿡
ҡҡͷлҪɣڿ϶ǲµص,ɡ
,һᡣ
࡭
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ƺǿʲô۾裬˵Ҳ̵̣Լôܲأ
ûʲô£ҲȥУ̸ɻպôʱ䡣
ƭˣũôۣʲôʱ䲻ãҪѡһ֣롣
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Ȼһʱɣ̵ĻӦɲŶԡ
ЦͷϹ˵ʲô󣬸ɻ治ۣúϿΣȥ÷ٴ
֪Լ˵ٶҲûãͷס
࣬лл
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ȫûбҪزϾҲûн飬ʱзڵĻᣬѡ
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Ļҵǿ԰ɻ
ԭ˵֪Լ䵽Ա߸ɻ
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ضƫƧˡٺһЦȻҪڨһ
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ڵϣҲû˵˼ЩΡ
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Ƶͷ׼ȥ
תȥŮЩΡ
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лͶ׺ӪҺл۶ղ

74



74 
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ɵһ룬һͻȻͣеĻ,Լˡ
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мˣ۾΢΢Щ͡
ͱڵӶţм飬ʶԼԼ,ֱͦˡ
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һ,˲ŷֵﻹ˸ˣû˿༸ǰ,סߡ
峤,ֵ˭أôûˣ
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೶Ц峤ˣʹʵǰÿĻ㿴кã׷ˡ
峤ϴһǺʲôϵ
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ָԼŮϱ
΢Ц峤ȥæɣǻĻġ
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75



75 

ڶǡøĩ,ѧУż٣ҲȥϿΡ
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𴲺ʰһ,Ǳȥ緹ȴֳѾƮ˴̡
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ļίίȥſϴ,˳ָݹˢ
ŶҺáֹ
˲,ĸŮ֮ĻѾֲˡ
ºͼΰ˷ҪȥϹͼҲûϾСʯ廹иŵȥͷ
ȥٶš
Ϻ˰׷,⻹,װú,ǴҩСʯߡ
ţƿ,ƾɵŷһ඼ٶΣŻֱӵ*
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˼һۣЦٵ緹ǰģ֪ˣüºץϡ
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˺۴󲿷ֿʼ̣ɫİ̺۱鲼ϣȻԵÿֲ쳣ǰȣ״˲ֻһǰ㡣
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лͶ׺ӪҺлղ



76 2wӪҺӸ
ҩ
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ſӵֶס,̧üšҲˣ
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Щϧùã´ʱȥϣʱȥӪԷ
Цŵͷð´ҿ϶Ҫúóһ١
ӽڴ׼ʱװǮƱһȥ
Ϫ̲Ϥгġ
ں̿ǰݵıӰЩ̾
ԼҽСĳ˺ܶࡣ
Ϻʱ仹磬ҽԺҽûʽϰ࣬һȥ˹硣
ůˮ衢´ɱЩƷЩӾмĹģŻмܵ⼸ȽżҵҲûϵ
öҲൽҽԺϰʱˡ
ֶȥǿŶӣǰûˣܿ͵ǡ
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ĻûǴҽԺͷλĻ϶Ҫλģλ̶ָܹ֮ǵ˴Ųܣÿʮӡ
֮ǣûǴҽԺרҵʿ
ҽЩҩȥȡҩֶץЩҩġ
ٻͷȴںһİĶ̷Ů˵ʲô
Ů˿Ŷʮ꣬һͷ̷䣬ķۺɫ޻ˡ
üǰļ
ǣЩɻؿŶŮˡ
ܣùãҺͰѡ
гҹùá
ԣЩ
ԭ˹ͬѣˡ
䴽һЦͬ־̣Ļһһùþͺá
ѣӦùòŶԡ
ǰĹŵˣľ̾
ȻƯ˵ҲƯġ
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һǰĻС
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ɫЩ԰ףҽԺɫòҹùø㿴
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һ㶣ӿڴͳСӺͱʣƽʱ¼õġ
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һЦеģгİɣҹùҽܺõģ㰴շӺһžܺˡ
ͷллùá
˰ҲҪȥˡ
ЦŶ˻֣ټ
˵ıӰԶͷ֮Ͼּ
ûסʴյǼᡣ
ȻûŴ̵ϴһҩ㡣
ԶЩſڣùãղŸʲô
֪һǺзִеˣϱ˵
ЩεԼıǼ⣺һΪղλϲ㡣
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˵ڶԼôô⣬϶Ҫάһ¡
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йҪȥʳƷվ,ؼҳ緹ϵٰæ
ʱһȳһյ﹡ϡ
״ǰȥϵĵӽӹ
̣,ȥ
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룬ٰæǸһһҹǿꡣ
ÿصĻȴֵĹ֡
Сּ򵥵Ļƶܹһ֣
ٷϥǴ,һȥȷʵ۵ò,ҲûмҪԼ
Ͱŵ﹡ϣȥ
ȥʱûˣ˿
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ͷγ,һһѵ,ŽͰ
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չʢﶼཬ಻ÿմ̫ˮ㽫̵ϥϡ
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˵ʱ۾ѵǽѩ׵Сϣûסһѡ

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ΧֵϤ˵Ļ󣬶ԺºͼΰͶȥ
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⻰һ˵˲ˡ
ΰ˵ͷҪܵ˰ס򶫼ߡ
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ĵؿıӰ²ѹشʲộ࣬ٱ˲·ŵģܲûģŲܰɡ
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Щƣѯʣôˣ񲻸ˡ
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78 2wӪҺӸ
Сʱ
,ǿҪԶһ㣬ȻҪģҿɲʲôӡ
԰,˭˵,Ѿͷô󵨡
ҪҼѾͷ,ҿ϶ôһ٣ϼҵǸǶ̫ˣ
վ,żָָ,۷׷ס
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Ⱥ˱䵭һسĬһٴ
ôԼɵ»˵ˣ
ǰ,Ѳ㻹ǣûеˣ
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һһȥ,ô֪ʲôʱϲһ˵лĸ㻰ࣿ
ŴүȻôҺôÿ»Ǯﲹã,ŹʻҪҪǮ
Բ,СŮͺˣ㻹Ů,СҸԴݣ
仰˵֮,Ⱥ˲Ųһڨڨ,ٶ˵
ﱳųͷ·,Щĵһڡ
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صҵʱ򣬷ڴߣصصͷԼָ
߹ȥԼַȥ˫ͬ޳ֵһΪĿ
΢΢һ˱ʮָ۵ơ
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΢΢𣬿ס˼ֱ˵ŷֶԷʪ
ʵڽѧУ·ϣ˺ͼйصĸۡ
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ЩӰ첻ʲôӸôôڻûеӰĵزԲҪôźòã
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죬ȫЩʪ䣬ʺϺȺļ
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Ĭظм⡣
ЦãѹԼԵ㣬ٶȵˣֲС
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ΪʲôõĻһ仰ĵĵǡ
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߰ţþûһɢˡ
⼸춼۵ó극ͷ˯Ļᶼ࣬òײᡣ
οĲΪ˶۶ܾš
ǣֳţ·ԶԶһɫģģ˵ӰӵڵϣֻҪ̫һ۲ܹϳ˵ò
·ŵ˺ǲҲû˶Ƿ
ʶһ㣬ǷЩ
˻ǣһ֡
ƺǸܵССȸԾЦڸˣ
˵ֱ۰һҡҡͷڵϳӰҲСȻζ
ŲˣǶᡣ
Ψһûϲͼɢʱ䲢ûбõ۴š
ڴߣȥȥһŮ
һ¡
ͼתͷȥŷԭ˺ϼ
üͷЩͷؿ֪Ҫʲô
˺ϼ⣬żģ
˺ϼæϵĶóɽڵҩģ˵ˣҲϡ
ﴫϢǼСʯĺߵý̺֮Ĺϵȴûб¶ġ
½Ӹģʡ
ҡ͵ġ˺ϼɫǺ죬
˺ϼϵҩĽӹлл
һ䣺ϴνʳĶ¾ˡ
Ϊһҩģס˺ϼĺá
Ҫ˽޵Ļ˺ϼεص˵ͷ
ˡ
ԶЩ⣺Ϊʲôϲ
ȻΪð
ϧԭֻмһ֪
̾һŮ˵ĵС
Ц
ҹɫ˻ؼϢ
˯ǰ˺ϼڵҩģһ
ЩȥڵĻڼҵ
飬
ҹˣСʯһƬҼһ˯úܳ
ţУٵ۾ͻȻںڰҲ͸¶
𴲣ҳ·ϣ˸ƿߡ
谵ģס˴룬Ӱ
ɹȳԱߵңͳ˿ڴ˿˿
˯úܳǾ޴ĺ
ٰŹϣ˼ߵıϵϿʼȭߡ
Ȼȳȣǵ񶷹ڣȭȭ⣬ÿһ¶˷ۡ
˯еûþѹܵϾҵʹҪгȴֱס졣
ʮӣƼҪԹȥ
޲ԼܹԹȥûôۡ
ٽòƵָ
УھҵʹлԹȥ
ٽͷϵ鲼ֻƲͣ
ŵƵŵˣһЦ
Ȼ۸¼ҵˡ
ҲһʱƢˡˡ
ȻߵСʱ
л˵
Ůʿδϡ
дǣϷʱѩǣֵķʵ[]Ц
Ƿǧ֣ѧˣȥˣپϣôô
лͶ׺ӪҺлղض

79



79 
е
ȥСʯٸɻʱ,һԡ
˶ڼſڣ˵ŽŵϢ
˵ûϱ˴ˣ
,Ҿ˵ϼʱ,ô׵øͷһ
û,Ҳ֪ĸеռŮͬ־˵˾͸㱻ץɳȥ
,С,˿϶Ǻǡ
ͬǲ߳˼ʮ󣬼˭
ⲻ֮ǰҪᱡǸе
ȻǻⱨӦģ໹û,ͱ˸ˡ
Ҫø緹ɻҪȥƵױʲô
ٳ緹ʱ򣬼ţΧתת
ţʵ̫,ͬʱվȥѾתˣܽ档
ţҲһգױ͵˵·ݶ꣬ٴһЩ,ܹ
һȦ,໹Ǿţ㡣
֧ľ׮һСӵ꣬˶ĿͬʱҲ̫ۡ
˸ŵģ,û,ٳȥϹ
ϵ˿ڻ,̵˲ҩ,ҩټ⣬׼һĲñһ֣Ϊ˰̱ڵס֮󣬴Ҳ֮ǰҪһЩ
ݣеģЩ־塣
ܸıһҲá
ȥ·ϣɫƺЩƣ룬㽫Ļͬ˵ˡ
̣֪˭ˣ̫ˡ
٣
ڸ͵ȷʵͦõģõġ
Ѹٳ˷˹ȥݺȰƺãҪȼ߱ɹɲźýһ
иǷľ飬ڸ߽ĻҲΪӦ֣ĹҪã͵ų˺ֱˡ
ǡ⼸̫ܴ켾ɱȥߣѾֱˡ
ûݽճΪҪ̫ãĲǺܾϸٺһ߸æһСʱˡ
Ӽʳٽźá
ϺܹٴЩ鷳֮ԼһҲЩ
ֻЩĵؿ٣ʣ̣Լķܳ𣿡
ĵĲǿѨ磬ȻʱڵʲôܳԣҲܹԼ֣ˮƽҲֻǰѷ˶ˡ
ٱôţüͷһôܣ
ٶȥˣ״ֻܱ졣
ҲֻһͣЩɼûг꣬ʱʳʵǲܳԵĻԿЩӡ
ţ߶һҲ˸ˮףÿȥˮˮȥ
żҲȥɽɽȪˮ
޺ú󣬼ûϢһ˼ҡ
ʱԼֻ಻٣ÿһ֣ܻΪȺеĽ㡣
Ȼ˶ԶԶģ߽֮Ҳϳɷֲõñӡ
ֻǴ˶Ὣϡ
գҪϹڵĴиŮڱźҲ˾һЬӣŮŮ̸ЦЦһһƮ
˵ЦȺۼһ۾Ϳ߽ͼ࣬˲ʹ˸ɫ
ʱԭЦŵȺ
൱ûǰ߹ߡ
ԶıӰ֪˭ȳ˿ĭ
УͺߵýҲô
һᱻúýѵһ١
Щ仯໹ǽãϾˮˣԴҲûôŨĸ顣
Ǿ仰ôôǹܲţһۡڱ˵һҲһ⡣
˵̫ҲԼƢȥˡ
ȴǲϰߣϾЩв֮ǰԼܺõġ
ŶЦеشһкֻһת۾ͱ̬ȡ
ֻǺ¸߽ܵǣȷʵÿ⣬־ͺáЩ˸Ļѡ˵ЩĻ̫ܽܡ
ƺǸܵ飬ģҲûж˵ʲô
ģ̧ͷǳЦ
գżЦ⣺ЦЦЦźÿ
ͷ֪
ʱͼûȥǣȥټ塣
ÿȵҩ̲£ٵҪȸʱǿ١
ٵ彥Ȼϵ˰̣·һȳһգôˣɵö࣬Ҳûǰôۡ
մѧУ¿ΣԴʽߣûͱ
Ц´һۺص˵ͷ
֪࣬лҪ˵
ʱԭϵ׽ļھӣǵһԸ¶ɫˡ
ԣӣҪ˵ʲôÿ˵ҴҪȥ
˵һ⡣
û뵽εε֪ྐྵȻԼĶӸˡ
ɤӣŽԼҪ˵Ļһһ
֪డͼѾͷӶ֪Ҳ⡣
ڳɷѾ׻ˣϾ඼ʲôöȻ֪ȥ˺ɻǿ϶ʲôùޡ
Ǹùʶ֣ҲƯȻ˵ɣҶӵģҶӣһ˲š
棬üʧġ
ԭΪʲô£û뵽伾ġ
ϵЦɢˣӣһҪȥ˵ˡ
סĿġ
֮ͺߵýȥҲᱻ۵ġԸҶӴҶӳɷֺã㿴ô
תͷȥ˹ĺʵ̣ҪҲ
˦֣ٹܶԷϵı飬ߡ
˵ǻºʵһġ
һֱҪٵĹϵ¶ȥ˷˵Ҳ٣һ˵Ļ䵽˼ϣ˵ĻҲڳе
ȴް취
лὫ˵ĺƽ
ôʲôϢסûã̵Ϣͻᱻ
˶Լ۷׷ףǸܽԼܷ顣
ѾΪ̫̫ࡣ
ص˼ңҲûж룬ʼ
ൽҵʱ۲һɫ
ûжٵĹϵǻûб
֪ΪΣʵЩš
󣬼˷䡣
űϣһֵ
ʱҲղǰ㵭
šü
ô̵Ĺϵ˵ȥˣ
Ҫ֪յʱû˶ָָ㻹Ϊ¶Ѿʼȥˣû뵽ȴ˵Ĳǡ
һ֪ԭ
֮Ĺϵعˡ
˼ҲǽѹԼ˵
û뵽ûҪԼ˵˼
ıһ㶣ʶҧס˴ȴජֻܹſ
͵˵ҪҺֿ˵Ĳáһʱ
̾һ˫ָ⣬ЩΡ
ɵ衣
֪ԵΣҲܹʽ֪ԭ˺ܶĻ
˽ģĲڵٴαЩĻϮ
ԭһ˳žͿԵģԸȺԼϾϵĻҲܵԼӰ졣
ƫƫҪΪеһֵķԷ
Щ̧ӿǲǸ鷳ˣ
࿴Ư۾β
ܵ˳ĽëιԼգЦ
ô鷳֪ҡ
˵Ժ󲻺Ļɶ϶ˣ֮㣬ɾͳƽˡ
ʲôóƽģĬرסⱾӦҵΣѾΪĹˡ
ൽÿڴշת˯ʱ򣬶ỳԼֵֵüΪôࡣ
Ϊ˱ȫԼˡ˵ˣǼἺΪ˵˻ǵһμ
ɵرˣʱԼá
̾һ
ʱԼĲ࣬Ͼ˴鶼Žָơ
ֻжԭļ䣬ˣûԭ
ҲָܿĻǲ˵ģҪٱⱻ·š
ϧûнָ
ڵĵزѾˡ
˻ǲ̫̰ġ
ܰŤתԭľѾܺˡ
Ҳ֮ܲҪһһ
ҪҪôٰѺݵķ˵ָǰҲҪܹϰȵӡ
βвƣҲ˰ۡ
Ѿ˶ԲߣǿҪίһʱ䡣
ˣķû£ң̵ºܹܿȥˡ
Щɻ̧ͷһۣûнֻͣ˯
ٵϵһʱѾȫ嶼ˡ
Ĳ˵ΪܹΪеһĳȴûг֡
ΪŲܼ֮䵽ûѪԵϵ
ǿ˿ӣǾǻӡ
ͺߵýʲôˡ
ֻǴһ˱˶ѡ
Ϣʱˡ
칫ʣ˵ʱǽԼɻʳ˿ڣ
ʦ˵Сʯḷ́ļٵģ
ڿαһ㶣̧ͷش𣺡ġ
۾ɴţһΪǺ˵ء
ϸһ룬Ҳԡ
ΪԷ˵Ļôôں˵˵ȥǸɻ
Щѹ֪࣬ѹ˾ǰЩţٹһʱͺˡ
ǻҪע㣬ñʹ
Ļһů
ʵѧУʦȴҪһЩͬʱҲ٣йصǱӲǱӣ۾۾ġ
˵һЩĻһҲȥ
󲿷ֵʦѡ񲻶ɫͬԶ룬ʱܶ˵Щͦжġ
ͷлл㣬
ǿҡҡͷ
ֻһڿΣǰȥˡ
ѧУ·ϲһЩѧǱѧͷ׷ܵһȥԶԶġ
ƯԸᣬѧУҲܳƵܻӭ֮ǰܶСϲЩСȴ֮
ǰĲԱʵ̫򴽣ֻǿԼҪȥ롣
Уſߣ·һСкСкȴͻȻϵʯͷĺ󱳡
ۺһתͷȥʱ׶˸
ӣӡ
һ첽ߵСкǰûܵ
ƨϴƺСأҪˣһȥ
ſС´λҴˣһǻѵҲմ󣬷ǻˡ
˵꣬ɨһȦܣߵĺһæۡ
ߡ
˵лܲˣϾ쳤ڱ˵ϡ
ⲻͻԼܱ۸
ӣοҪǱ֪Լûлȥ϶᲻ˡ
ϱʯͷҵһۣҺž·ͷ󿴣ѩ׵ĺϹһĨࡣ
򵥲˵ҩʼ
°磬Ҳһݹȥ
÷ŷСʯߣȴպ˼ҴߵǮ
Ǯ۾һæǰס
ͬ־ҵˣ
Ҽͬ־ͱ˴ˣ
ԣЩżǮɹȳߡ
طʱɹȳѾΧһȦˡ
컹ְ
˰Ů˶򲻹
˶ڿ֣ҲȰˣˣ
Ǯǰһۿһȭһȭѹŵϴֿᣬŵ΢΢¡
ڲԿ
һǮżæͬ־ȰȰͬ־ٴˣ
ŷӦǮԼ÷Уߵ˼ߡ
ż󣬵ǵ࣬ͣ
ԭ۾ļͣһţվֱ壬
ɨȭͷˣһʱۡ
Ҳû뵽ԭ۵ļô׾ͱȰˣд˼𾪡
ûЩ߷ֻǽסֳ֣嶯
Ǯǰ*ʹ˸ɫ˽˷
ԷñףΪ
ǮʣǺúõģôˣ
Ӷڿϲ˲֡
˵
Ǯˣ촽飬켷һ֡
˼һѣָָһߵʳ͹ڣȥ͵˵Ĺ˵Ķִ̡
磬಻Ƕϴ˻֣һȥˡ
໹ũߺȥ٣㿴ڶٶ֣ÿһζٹ۵ϡ
˵ŲɲĻ
˻һߵѪ
Ǹ࣬ʲôðģ
˭֪Ĺʳǲ͵ġ
ȭͷսסԼǰһƴϡ
ǲ͵Ļ֪϶͵ģҲ֪͵ٶ
СʯĴǣҼĶˣû׼͵ģϾ͵ôֱ׳϶ǹ߷
˻һ˿һ䣬˽˵ʲô
˵Ǻ죬ٸҺ˵úĶеѣɷֲõƾʲôܹôã
л˵
ûд갡
Ⱥٺ죬ΪᵽףȻ½½ʦԼ
ûжףܵЦˣûУͦأ
лͶ׺ӪҺл۶ղ

80



80 
еۡ
Ǻ,һǵһμôҪ͵˵е
౻˵ĻЦǰһ,Է,ʶ۾,ƣ
㡢ҪٸҴҵĻҾԲŹģ
ǮҲЩһѾ,ԭΪ˺ͼ෢˿ڽִŴļ,û뵽Ȼ󵽸͵˼Ҷִˣ
΢ˣ͵ǲԵģҲԡ
ǮĻ˵һ,ͻȻٵĴ峤ϡ
ˣһСִʲô,ͬ־Ǹǹȥˡ
̧ͷ۴峤һʱ仳Լˡ
ָָԼһɻ󣺡˵ҸǸ
峤Ȼͷ㿴ʲôˣ
˳֮վֱ壬ŵŮ˸ҵǸҲԭ,øУ
峤һ,ͣϢ档
ǮһЩͬصͷ˵ʲô峤ٶȿڣ˵,ٵĶȷʵûԵ,ûĶȻǲ͵,οѾͷôء
һʳǴҼù,ǾҵĶҵĶ͵
ֵʱҲûҶ̬Ȼһ
ҪҵǸΡ
㣡峤ٱ˲ӣʱָЩܻ
һʲôңֲǴģٹҡ
ŹʳվԭػܣҰѻˣҪ˭۸̣ҵʱ򲻿
СԱ֤ڳȫ
ѻȸ֮ʱţ
ȵˣŷ׷
Ůͬ־Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ź죬ⱨӦСȫҶ꣡
ǣ᲻ѧãԺܹʲôϢ
ȷġһſڣӬһھûС
ŷУżޱĲǿο
࣬ûµģĻ֮϶Ͳٶôˡ
һ뵽ղŴ峤׾Ͱ˵ΪľӦ
İοҲȰԼû£˵ĶѾ͸ˣǷǲ֡ˣǶǼƽϡ
˵ͷҲе㵣ٵ״̬ԥʣ˵𣿡
ҡҡͷȥ硣
Щ˶˶µȥ۸ʱǲˡ
ţúõԭȥ˵񣬹֮á
Ǽϣûʲô˿ڲŷ
üղС̫嶯ˣƫƫҪ֡
һ̾ͿԹȥˡ
ͷд򿪣û˵
֪Ҫô˵ŶԣϾϣίˣҲҪüһٵ
̫Сʲôûı䡣
ͻȻоһ
ȵٳԵĲˡ
ϢʱãһŰ쵵Ϧظϡ
·ϣŷۿ΢죬ע⿴
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ôǣίˡ
żãûȡ
ôˮƽʱˮҲܶࡣ
ޡ
ҡҡͷҪô໹ҪֳԼ
סĸ첲ûУղźСӷɽ۾˺þá
ȷʵкܶвֵСӸ˵ܣһͱȦ۾ˡ
ûл˵
ˮʱ򣬼ԭҪֱӻؼҵģͻȻоԼµ
Щɻغһۣʣ𣿡
䣬˻ͷ
Ǻµô˲ȥںͱ˳
˳Դڲֿҵ˺¡
վżΰǰǼǷԱʹ峤򶫣ΧΧһȦڿ֣ûʶͼˡ
߽ſָżǷԱ򶫵ı
ĸε޷ػˣȻټǹ֣ҺҼϼһۻģ⻹Ҫ۸ûˣ
ûƨ|۵ĶŲŭⳤȥҵĹư趼ˣ
Ͷ˵ĻһһðѻǹƵģ򶫸ʮǰӡ
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Ĩ˰Ѷͷϵĺĵ֪ǹֱÿۣ
ֱһצӣΪʲôҪۣ
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һǺŮһɻ˵ǸǵĹֿ˭ģ
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˵꣬һ˦֣תͷԼǷԱٸ¿֣ʲôʱͺ໮ֽʲôʱٸ֣
ðֱס򶫣žžǸơ
ΰһĬظԼϱæ
һȥģ·ǣصغһ
ⳡ־˶Щδ
תͷ󿴵ˣЦ:
ӴĶˣ
Ҫ˵ѹ⼾ҹŮãû̺ãǸͬǸģ
ŷԭҲڣһʱЩΡ
˲嵽ǰݺݵضſֵȺͼ࣬һֻӵĸ
ٸ˵һ䣡ﲻ˺ǵ죡
ԣƲƲ죬׷ɢ
СؿǰŮʲôʱģ
֪ǰЩżԸԼ󣬱
ûãǳʲôأ
һһϲͻȻ񾭣ҽѵһ٣ˡ
һתۿ
ôˣȥԷɣû
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ΰں棬ĵؿǰ治ĸŮȴʤĸŮˡ
һֱǶû˵ʲô
ȥϴĹ򣬼ٴǰصİ취
֮ǰ˵ֻҪ˵ǶϾϵԺǾͲᱻӰˣĲԸǱߵûþܱˣʱǻҵĺ
ϾϵҺȥ·ǱסС
ºͼΰһۣɫЩΣ𻰵ʱҲɫ
ֵѲǶϾϵȻ˵ûӵܱôʱ䣬ǵȵ𡣡
һѲɴﻹ˭ң
̶ȺڴҳƵһû˸ҳƵڶοиԻԼϱļΰڡ
ݵؿź£ͬ־
죬ˣòǵģȰԼ鴦˵
ܿϴĸŮҲûټ˵ȥȥϴ衣
طʱǡÿڶžӸҩ
ĺϣһĨ۵ۡ
ԭɫһ첽ǰ鿴ôŪģ
ŶʱҪ·Ѿˣûϵϴô졣
ԭҪൣĵģȻҲᱳ͵͵
ʱ°ڣ˸ɣСײˡ
΢䣺ĹӹǸպõ󱳵ĸ߶ȣ
ĹҪôҪôοǿ춺Ҳ
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ѾˣűѧѵģԺ鲻ᷢˡ
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۾Ҳִš
Ҳˡ
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ΪִˮСʯ֮ԽԽҡ
˭ͬߵýᱻ߶䣬ö֮ûʲô˸ҿˣǼɻ䵽һ˼ҪƵߵĳ̶ȡ
ǲ⣬ֻǺˣڵֻڼżΰǸƺ«
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Ψһֵҵľǰûȥ۸ˡ
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ǼϳϴϴɾҲ
¿űߡ
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Ҳ»ǲա
úµĻ˵ǣܸɵĸôܹŮǮ
ֲֻܽǮ
ȷʵҲżЩķƣҪЩ졣
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֪ЩŲᱻ÷򿪣²ŴһʼĿͱɴ󵨵ĶָʾȾήҡ
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Һ
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ûһ˾͸ץһ㡣
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䵭ص˵ͷ,뵽ǰʱ䳰ȷҲûʲô顣
һߵЩΣ˴ӡ
ЩԹЩһ˵һˣ֪ᱻãͲ˵Щˡ
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СһҭȻ֪ˣǲ̫ܽЩøеŮͬ־ȻϲˣǸŮˡ
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84



84 

,ֻ㡣
˵Ϣ೤ᣬëһƮƮ䣬ͱɦιĶߡ
µƽȵ,ÿһ𶯶ġ
֪,ٶȻӿ졣

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,ǿշӶ࣬ʵʵϷ֣أʱ˵̫,ٻòڣϱӴСĳɳڽԼİ
ԣϲԼⶼʵжϣ,ҪԼܹԭ,ί
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86 
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87



87 
һϡ
಻̫ܹǵһγԵʲôʱˡ
,ִСڼ߳󣬱СǣԸ,ҳҲš
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΢΢ӿ죬ЩܿƵ̧ͷŮˡ
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۾ü֣ʣ´οԼһɻ𣿡
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֪һһۣҲŲġ
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뵽յı飬;г˺üΣĲ˵ζҪһЩ
˵ʱҲȳһھͺˡ
л˵
лͶӪҺлղ~

89



89 
鲻
ÿΪѵ඼þ,˵Ĺϵȷʵ֮
˵ĴȷʵЩơ
ͼһɻɻҲϢʱಹ,ʶ֡
عĹﲻʶô,Ը൱ʦ
ȷʵܴ,µʱܹ򵥵ʶĲ࣬ʹǶһƪҲûʲô⡣
һǵҵĹ,һǳùƢĺ꾫,˵Ĺϵ׽ڴ˿ͬۡ
һ𱻹ų⣬⣬Ƶıȡů,໥ñǰȴ˳˲֪ٱ
ٻԵ,ֱָס
ҪȥҼҳԷ𣿡
Щ졣
ԵһڼҳԵķ˻ţӡ,һСڴشģ־ùֿɰ
װģ˼һ,϶Щţ̲סЦ
ð
ͷţղҲûϵ,ǰʱǼĹͷպûʣһ,ȥͼһԡ
οڼûٳ,˵
˶ԷĻش,ഽСд˵⣬ʱʾһʮŮĳ
һ౻彩Ӳôˣ
ָĴߣЦÿ
ܰ
⻰΢죬Ŷһ
֮ЩԷ촽źϵ˵ЩʲôֻԼǵĴɫƯصڴϣͷ͸˿϶ܿ׵ľҲ˷⡣
ÿ
ڶһ磬Ըһ緹ȥ˺ɽץӡ
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ؼҺ󼾰ȥϽҪĲժ˻ǰСʱ׼ˡ
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ֻĶĻʵͦ˵ģǴ
ҪҸæ𣿡
Ҳ֪ʲôһǺ˵ζ˵һ仰վſڵǺֱԡ
Ů˵ĿЩżãȥ̫Ǻˡ
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һ⣬۾΢΢ɴ
ȵȥŶԼۣս˺ö࣡
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ԣ߸ķ£ǳЦ
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Ҳÿ춼գӼ鷿﷭һףʶֵֶһһֲ飬ղڵա
Щغζ
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ԥһԲЩڴؿϲĻԺԾԷ
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֣æϺһ䣺ǿԷ
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ԷҪҲһ˳Էȷʵûûζ
Լʳ󲿷ֶ½֪ˣһ룬ԥʣ
ҰҵʳԺһԷҲҲõһ˳Էµˡ
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ֵıﻯͷ
ͼһԷĴһȥ緹ˡ
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첻Ϲ緹˸Ƿ
һۣĻȥҴ˯һ¡
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ҡҡͷã㶼סڸϰһ顣
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΢΢ǰ㣬˹΢΢ҲЩա
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ںתƻ⣬֮ҪᵽղŵĻͺá
ûڵʱҲԡ
ѾѣԼȷʵȶҪͬЩ
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࡭˼飬ۻʲô񶼱Ȳеö
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鱻ĩ࿴ȫ¶Ϸ⣬վʱ򻹾Щκġ
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صϵʱ򣬸о쳣ȣ
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뵽Լա
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࣬Ϊ˹ŵchunξ߳ܵ޹
лͶӪҺл۶ղ[]

90



90 
򶼹
컵ξڼļ,þɢȥ
һ뵽˹ΣڼԷ
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,ǺѺʦŶԡ
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,๾ؿʼðݣ˵Ϲϣ׺һ䡣
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·ԺӣϴŵĻϡϡµˮЩֵʼࣺôͻȻϴ·ˣ
֪Էϰߣնϴ˳־ͽµ·ϴˡ
⣬һ,䲻ܿƵؿʼ,򴽺ľһʼͣ
ҡˣҪϴϴˡ
ЩĪ⿴ۻû˵Ѿ߸ҵ̫߹ͳһϸ,˵½һ°ɡ
żԽŵ,ЩЦ
ôŸʲô,ֲ㡣
ഹ½ë,˳Ľëϸϸ
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׵𽥷ϺΣЩ֣˼֡
ʶӦһ̧˫ˮӣЩãȻĵ÷ŷԵԽӡ
֪Լ׻شЩʲôתȥԷ衣
ֶ˻ᣬ˱ԼԽԽ죬Ųߡ
ʲôһ䡣
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ԭܹǿεƸǰһ쿴Ĳ飬ֻǱ鶪˽䣬Ҳῴϻǻ繵Ρ
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ĻôֹͣˣİգȻмϰߣżҪڴɫޱߵξ֮С
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91



91 

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šһڡ
ԭΪ˸ˮӡ
ôôã
Ż˲ʼôӲϵĶûͣ˸ǷЩ롣
һ㾢ˣ
࣬ôҪԼ֪𣿰ϧԼ壬ԺŻиõδңˣҲۣ
󣬺ᣬȴһһӡ˼ļ䡣
Ȼһ䣬Ȩ
ŶҲܺˡ
ҪԼԺһᰮԼ
ĻҲ֪ʲôʱ½˯졣
ҲǼ˯ů͵ľˣ˸Ρ
Ļÿ춼ںأ𽥽Լøá
ԭֳĬҲ֪ʲôʱʼܴŵЦºǰҲýһЩϲ
һɳͻȻȥ˳¶ԼĹ⻪˭ǰĲ
һһı仯ûͦģϾõѣԼͺܴĿԼСһ㡣
ҪһµĴ̽׼ʱǰĬ۰ͰͿԼ꣬ҲЩᡣ
ģһܼ֮ˣû׼һ
Ĭرס§ס˼ί
һ㣬Ҫ㡣
ԣܲ
л˵
ﻹСû
лӪҺͶףл۶ղ~
мβɬʱڻͦÿĵ[]

92



92 
ѹǮ
뿪ˮ,Ҳûз仯
ﶼڳ˯
û˷˸ʱڼ,,һһȥ
һ,ϣϢܹٳһЩɼȴϣʱܹÿһЩٿһЩ
ܹЩĻ,Ϳһˡ
˽ʵ̫ˡ
ϸϸһ,ȴ־뷨̫˽ˣͼôûм棬òž۵Ļᣬ϶ҪúԲɡ
Ӧú̺͹ùһʱŶ,ھǱߵ϶ҲϪá
뵽˴ĬĬı뷨,ʱ仹ǹһˡ
ҲȵֻҪĽټͺˡ
Ϧҹ죬ԭҲûԵöʢڶ˵ͨûʲô
ǺȻ뵽˵ĻðϧԼ,˴,ǳһ̻ˣһαȽ֣صعһνڡ
˸ãû,½žı,ڰָǹ˺Хĺ,ʹסҲźһ·̵ľ,ܹС
ڻ谵ûеƣּĲˣسԷ
ֱǿҵıϮͣ¿ӣϴϴһ˱
Ϧҹ¹͸
ʣһ㱡ɴ
࿴¹ճһ룬ڵûʲôأӦҲǱִӵ
ֻ᲻ͻȻԶϵ
ҸˣŲԲĽͻȻˡ
ɴʱ˿̣ȴ
һꡣ
һűڡҹԵù϶Բڴӵ
Щֻǻ룬ʵ֡
-
ʮģմӵժЩ˻ȥߵ⣬﷢ϸ΢
ǳȥһĹ򣬼ͽˣ
ɫ΢䣬üͷ
ϢŴ򿪣򴽣Ųߵݣ㲶׽һ˿Ǿޱܰ㡣
ԭ߶Ƚľ˲ŵҲüЩ죬վԭĪٶһ
ˣ
һµļôܻô硣
ʹʱ䲻ܻǼﻹƵضϲ
һĻأζҲϴ
ţûһ
ڵͷ²˵˭ʱͻȻŮ
Ů⴦˼ѯʣôվôã
࿴ǰɫЩɻŮˣͻȻϲ
ԭǴУĻˣ
վԭأһʱ䶼֪Ҫڳʲô
˺һŵѯʣ㡢ôͻȻˣ
ÿ졣ڲĵؾ̾һ
ʵڼУʮޱŷӣѵذڡ
ǰˣЦһ
Ҫ֮Ϲ
˵ĻһĵûڼҶʮƱˡ
οʵҲͦ뼾ġ
Լڵһ˹꣬;Щġ
㼾һ꣬Ҳܺá
ڻڴڱͻľϲҵκ״ֱ̬˺һ
ź֪ʵôģ
Χ˹αϣ¶޳ѩ׵ľ
ڽͣţ
ߴתƵϺ󣬲ŷֶЩ
ĵö˼֣Сʣûл֪𣿡
һۣ֪ûˣס
ԡϵϲԣȴ￪ڣĻһֱסȥҲûϵ⡣
ҰŽȥ
˵꣬ᵽڷźá
ʱǡƿ֣ʣµĲˡ
͵ˣü򼾰ࣺͳЩ
æڽͣ᣺ǣ⣬ǳ˶ѡ
´һۣȷʵûʲôѵļصͷ
Ŷ
౻շ죬˸ҿԷ
Ȼˣǽ϶ܼպϡ
ȻѾǳϦҹҲ
һŹڣڴͬʱеȸԾչϡ
ȥɽϿܲץӻ󡣡
ջЩ죬ΪǱ紵ģ㼰ʱֹ
鷳ˣҴ˵ԵĻ
ķȷʵһ˶ֱӱˣǱһȥˡ
ĺɡϺóһֽŵĿѼ
һ죬ȻĴƤѾûлһ¾ܳˡ
ӹ룬˸Ϻ׵ѼȣֽѬˣ೴˸ײˡ
һ𽫷˶࿴ȼ̲˻Щ˼
裬Ĳе٣ȥɽ϶ҵԵġ
ô򵥵ķˣ϶ȲڼԵģܾԼЩЩίˣȴ˿û˵Ѿʢˡ
⻰Ц
ˣѾôˣСԴʲôء
ϣʱʱ̧ͷԵú㣬û˿ģġ
˷ϴˣҪôʱ䣬ͱס
࣬ǳȥ
ЩãȻȻ֪ȥʲôǹԹԸ
ڳ֮ǰԼϵΧֽһɫëΧڼĲϡ
Ĳϣ໹ûüܾĻ
Ǹ
ܾĻߣ˲ֱȥ
پϲ˲䲻þܾˡ
ָΧ룬ల
⣬̻˳
ɫ\ҹɫʣ̻ȼƺڰһǣ쵵̻Ѥá
һ̧̻ͷ򼾰࣬񻹾ڰУЦЩ
֪ϲĶ
ʣµ̻һ˼УЦеԡ
̻ЩţȰ㿴
ֻⶫԼûлӴ
ʪ񿴵ֻһһʾ
貵̻Լ˼֣Ťͷζȷ
Ҫõ佱
ӿڴͳ鷢紵ҵͷ𵽶ںڷӨϣ䴽佱

ֺЩͷŪϵ̻
ַ˼󣬼ཫʣµ̻Сķźá
ᣬЩЦ
ôĻ򲻾ͺˡ
תͷԷŲǣ岻һģҪúء
ۺʹǳЦ⣬û˵ʲôȥˡ
ֹ󣬼ʷҪϴ𣿡
պһˮ
ͷԼҪϴʰ
ȵҪȥ䣬ſվŶԷļգգۣԿͷ¡
˵ıӰԶĶԼͷ΢΢ӿ졣
ͷʲô
˺һ²
۶գؽͷŷͷһװùĹҵĺϻӡһ̬䡢ֵСӡ
ġ
*𿪣ŴŽǮһʮ
źһʱȴǾϲ޴롣
ΪʲôҪͻȻǮأǲСʲô
㷲һ彩ֱվͷתһȦ
ϴ󣬼ľǶԷӸֻͷӬƵתĳ
üʣڸʲôأɢʳ
ĵؿмԹ
ϣǮҲ˻ȥ
Ǯʲô
ƿڣҲҪ
ƻȥʲô
ǸѹǮ
ǽ㣬ӦøѹǮŶԡ
˵⻰дһЩЦ⡣
̾һûˣڸѹǮ
Գס
ԭΪôǮҪޣȴûԭǸѹǮ
ԭأļ򣺡ˣ£ٺôҪˡ
⻰ԭûзӦȴʶǮյ
ۿСѯʣˣԲҪҵ𣿡
һۣ
ˡ

䣬˲䱻˱ס
ϵȦЩ״Ρ
ллҡ⻹ǵһյѹǮûӦ
Ҳһ˲һرסݵ꣬䴽ԺлĻÿ궼ѹǮǰܾڶΡΡܶˡ
ཫϵܰ㣬Ӧ¡
Ļǲζţ֮仹кܶܶԺ
ֱ˱˻ļҪƿ
걧øȦڶԷĻＸá
οڣˣˣϻ˯˯ˣ
Ӧϲ˲䣬ҪԼܹմ϶Էζ
֮Ž˳׷ſ
ڴϣͬһӡ
ѱ˵ºů˭жܻ˯
ʱҲˣƽʱ㼾˯ˡ
ɽ̫ྪϲڴϣܵһ˵ĺ˿˯š
뵽ͷѹŵѹǮԾ̡
Ψһ뷨ǣôܹôã
¹ƺȳϦҹĸΪԣһͷܿѩ׵ա˳ĽëͺĴ
Ĵ꣬ճտϺһǿŲߡ
ԵƺѾ˯ˣᣬ˯񾲡
ջûסԼ˽ģµ߬ȭͷʪ妣۾΢΢
ǼǾޱԽŨˣ༸ҷʲôĶһѵˮƵǡ
֮˲ͨ죬˲˻ȥ˫۲
µƤϸ壬Ҳ㣬಻ܿƵ򴽡
ġ
͵˺ڶûۣȻҲ۽޺ȻϷεա
ڶһȥɽ
ɽߵ;Уǲ磬ֱżӴ
ֱٶײһ𣬼һָסġ
޹ģ̽ѯʣǣ𣿡
һͨĶڳסû˲
䵭˵Ļȴ
ԡ
л˵
ʦ˵ˣЦ
лͶӪҺлղ
βing[]

93



93 
Һõġ
ζɢȥ,»ůˮ𽥻ָϹʼ֡
ԭΪӻһֱƽܰعȥ,һȴƽ
֪,ܼ˳谮,ƽվյӾмĸż
һȥʾ֣ȴ˺ضֻһ
ص,Ŵ򿪵Ĺ,Ǵȥ˱ˮ
ֻǶˮջصݣȴ֣뿪һĹ,ɫ˲ޱȲ԰ף彩ֱ
÷紵𿪵ֽƮƮ˵ϡ
״,͵һЩõԤС
ôˣ
ˮϣڵϵֽ¿ɨһ飬Ҳš
Ľ̵֮,Ѿʶܶ,ܿͽҪϢȡ
̱·ŵԶء
Զ򣬼֪
ϪͤϪԶһ;ȥҪ˸Сʱ
˵ܶ˵Ĺ,֪иӢµĵ׳̡
˺պս,ôᱻ·أ
ٵôᱻ·ţҲ֪𰸡
ڲ·,뿪ҲͲŹȥһ,ڹʱѾ
ƵƵߴϣЩ뿪С
ģʱôûзֲԾĵطء
ૣô
żĹҪʱ䣬ȻȷҲӦõ˱·ŵĵطˡ
ԭһĻϿڣȥ٣ǴȥԶ̵
ԣãȻ͵ػ
ԣҪҪ׼öȥۿڵô
ǿ֪㽫õϵĶϡ
ȥ١
ͽߵϣǡøһȥԶĳ;
˳Ʊ˰¡
ŴⲻϺ˵ľɫĵĲԾûɢȥĻҡ
֪ڵʲôֿܵĲл
԰׵ɫҲķơ
һʹԼݣûҪʱԷһæ
£һҪһ˱侲
һ󣬼ǿָ侲Ḳڷֱŵο裬£һһֱ㡣
ʲôҲûȥ࿴ԼҲֻǺҵص˵ͷסԼڷ֡
̾һҲ֪Լ˵ʲôȥˣĬսϣܸٲãůůҲС
˼СʱĳڵĿĵء
ûԣһţȥٱ·ŵĴ
طʱɫѾǣ˸ѯʣҵţλá
ߵţǰţΧʪӬƵĻʱɫɷס
סֱۣοû£侲㣬ǽȥ
˵꣬ƿҡεľţ￴ȥ
һ˿ɫϼ⣬࿴ڵľ֮󣬺Ҫס
ڻ谵ޱȣɢŶţ࣬һͷϻţſһߣӲͷزŶ䣬һ˦Ӭ˦
ڵһߣŵĵԳʪɫϢ΢ŵ˸ϢӬ࣬졣
˲˽ȥŧˮһʱ䶼֪ôִ
֣ͼһٷ
ٿڼϺóպˮʪСΪϵա
ЩϣǰͷףɣϷ˿ݺ˾һ緢١
̡̣һΪһ֡
ཫ׼õҩóҩ
ҩ˿ϣԭʹ˿̼ܵԽʹٵĺͻȻ٣ǿſ˳صƤ
ǰӰص˺һſǰ˭
ϳһ̧¡
ʲôһȥԭʮޱû˿ơ
ĸΪᣬС̣˵ˡ
࿴ٷƤһµ¶̵ˣƤ˲һ
裬̷ˡ
˵ղǷѾѾٵһ˿ڼϣϢֱ΢
վϵĶ˼ࡣ
⿴ţȥҩ
ӹҩһһΪٲϵ˿ڡ
ֻҲڲסʱĳ׳
ٵʵ̫ˡ
ȡһ˿ڵôŪģ
̡ỽһȴûеõӦ
֪ʲôʱٶ۾˯ֻϵ¶Խ̡
ܿҩ˺ιȥٽҩºһ
ȥ˼ɾĵݣڼཫٱʱڵϣŽ˷Żظĵϣָϡϵ˴ҩ
ŤСʱڱﲻסεδµ
ôôأɳơ
ֻһ²ôôǱʲôŻᱻôĥ
ղҴϣǰӬ㱻Ѭ˳ȥ
ţıͱһ㣬ֵҹĺ⡣ٵϣ˯ˣ˳ţĬվڲãҹɫС
ʮСʱȥδθյģȴûܸ֪⡣
һ۽ǵȥЩãȻʼࣺ𣿡
Ĭһ˲ҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪
ٵû飬𰸺ѾûôҪˡ
Ѿ˶֣Ըı䡣
ֻ÷
ŵϴȴû·𱻶ԭء
֪˶ã˿϶׹˳¶ԶߵһΣҪϵ
ۼֿס˷ֱۺܿվˡ
һ㣬ֻһļ٣̵°źãǾ͸ûȥˡ
ٵ޲ع磬ĴأʱѰ졣
ͷֻ̽̽ٶͷ¶ȡ
ȥȥ˽ʳٿҲûʲôŲ
ͷ١
ûȥãܿͶһˣιٺָ࣬ιҩ׼Ҫߡ
ҩʳǵ׶ڵ֮£濴˼ۺ¶Ҫ뿪
뿪ǰҵԸһĴ˳ƱǮȫǰչչţǸ𣿡
ԣǼҵɫޱ䣬Ҫܾ
һС޵滨꣬ջЩ
ˣӦˡҲֻ͵͵ġ
ԭӲǮģӲˡ
Ϲ;ųǵʱõǻ˯ˡ
ϪûѣĬ߻ˮ塣
úȣҲû
촵һϵ磬ʱ򣬲ŷ֪ʲôʱѾˣѹһ·϶ûѡ
û֪ͣȥһҩԼҡ
ڴϵĲ԰ף˵ζ
죬ʶѵӲࡣ
򶫶ּûϹŴȥϹ¶ЩȻûʲôҲָϹ
磬ƣص֪㣬û½ӣ׼Ů֪෿䡣
½ӳס
ڻ𣿡
仰ĽŲסת
˴һĨЦ˹˹ģȴ֪ʲôˡ
֪ʲôؿ
½ʼһЦôţֻǹһ¶ѣϾүүͬ¡
Ҫܡ
ŤͷҪߣ½ƿڣŶȷҪҹܣүү׳ǿ԰ﵽ̣Ҫ㲻ԸĻˡ
˲ס´һа취
½ӵͷɫ棺ϾүүǺѡβܵġ
⻰һ
ȷʵ̸½ӵүүҲм͡
ԷǴЩ裺ʲô
֪֪һ򲻺ͣὫ׹ˤ
½Ӻֻ֮Ҫ˶ܿƽ½ҲǰȻˣΪʲôڻѡԼ
ûа׳Եͣôġ
½΢΢һЦȻҪ㸶һı꣬ҪҰĻǿ϶ûǮɣȻûкô˭ԸѶԼĹϵء
һ˫˾øΪţ½˵ҪԼǮûԥá
Ҫ٣Ҹ֮㱣֤һ𣿡
½ӵͷ΢΢һЦ
ȻֻҪ
˸֡
ǧ֪
ǮԼȻûʣ¶٣ǿǹά
˴ջǴӦˡ
ãҸ㣬ҵĳŵ
Ӧˬ죬½ӶʱЩڡ֪ٶ˵ˡ
죬ͼһȥǮȡ
֪ſڣ࿴Щֹ
裬½Ĳƭ𣿡
˼죬Ѿ侲
Ҳ½ӡɲ̵¶ģǮûҪڱСϣܷ
ѾͶ·ˣʹ֪½кܴĿƭԼҲҶһ
ûٶ죬һǮ½ӡ
õǮ½ӿļŽᣬЦЦ
룬ٻǲ۲۵Ĵ
һ½үˣתһˣת
ٱٱ·ſүү֣½ôܻԼҵ̨
ôǮǿٶ֡
ϧû֪
Ҫ־͹˱̫ã棬Ҳ̫űˡ
ԭվûãӽϵǮз
Ƶס½ӵĸ첲ѯʣ½Ӹ磬Ǯˣܲܰݸߴ˰
½ӳȻˣǰӦõıӦ
-
ǺϢܿˮ巢ɢڴͲ̫ãһǳ̫ޡƢݣǺʹҵĹߵý˳۵˲١
𼾰ŵĵүүиŵı·ŵĺ̵ǵĿԵø޿ˡ
ǵĽɫһҹתŸɻʱȰͬԷӴ˻˼ࡣ
ûֻĪָ
Щʮ꣬Ѿľ
СЩĻôܹĶء
ʹǱЫЩƺ޶ԡ
ֻһϹһ浣ٵ£ǰݲ١
ɢĵһϢգ뼾ȥһ˵ĺա
û뵽Լлܹĺա
ĵĵʱ£࿪ʼţȥյһΪ·
һ˵׶Ÿʱ֪ҪһںȡƬļЩʧ䡣
ȥ·ϣɻôͻȻҪĺգ
°ͼ⣬Ҳͽ˵Ѫɫ
ش𣺡ãԺԶó
ڼڴ£һպܿ쵽ˡ
ȡƬֺһһ
Ƭ
ƬЩɵ㶵ؿžͷ΢΢ͷȥ
ڰƬҲܿݵ¡
ϲòУ󿴿ҿ
࣬ԺҾͲһԷˡ
ԣסû˼ȥĳƺ
Ϊʲôʵ⼱С
ҡҡͷ֪һ㣬Ҳˡ
𣿼һʱ䶼˵Ļ
ȥıӰ㱵ػصŷ֣ĺۼ֪ʲôʱȫĨȥˡ
ɢҷڹϵסֲϵҰ˯ʱǵĵɫ̺ȫټ
ֻһ˵ĺա
ЩãȻ벻Եɡ
Ϊʲô
ԭڶҪѯʣϹʱȴûܱ߿
ǻصһ㣬ԸͬκεĽӴ
ҳɡ
Ϊ̫ʢҪͻȻð뷨
Ǽಢ±ۣԳܷ顣
ֻϹҲ˵Ϣʱ䣬ֿɴ֪㲻š
ֻżȥԶ̽١
ÿ׵㣬ڵȵҪȥ
ź󣬼ʲôû룬ֻƾ豾ܵ׷ȥ
Ųͷࡣ
뿪ں˵ȴѾתͷȥٿ˵Ҳ˼𽥱óĬ
ɬŲʱʱ̧ͷıӰ
ظһ·һ˳;չ˻ָһЩ٣һ߼ʱһ֣һ߳ţ
վߣʣ𣿡
׼õĻڼȴֻڹúòá
ôôࣿ࿴﷢ɬ
۽ޣڸסеֻƽͦõġ
ԣ༷һЦµôҺһ
½ǣ˵ʲôȴϡ
ûҪ
ûҪظ
ۿһ죬ڣôûҪ裬Һõģ԰ɻ̣ҲԺһչ̡
ҺõġԼ
ǳЦһ֪ãЩһҲܹɡ
ôܣ֪׻ܹ˵Щʲô
ĵɻʳڡ
Ϊʲôң
䵭Զֻ߬͸¶һ˿ʵ
ûж㣬ֻǲ㡣
΢΢һɬΪʲô
ûôΪʲô
סҪ뿪裬֪ǵҲŲԸҼ߽ġ
ҲЩһڡ
ϲ㣬Ҫһ𣬺һеЩΣһòã
ĿŲ򼾰࣬Цһ
ǡ࣬Ҳϲ㡣
л˵
ʦضûҿҶȥ
лͶӪҺл۶ղ~
βУ⣬

94



94 
֮Ů꣩
ϲԼ
ʹ׼,ʹ֪֮ǵľܾɬ
᲻Լڳ֮ΣҪ·ʱȡ⣿
Ļ,֪ô͡
ɬ,ظáԲ,Ҷˣ,͵û˵ǻɡ
ҲҪʱ,裬ֻҪ㣬һɹѹأ㲻Լš
ѵسſƤ,һָṴסָ󣬵ѯʣǡ𣿡
СԼָ,ۿ
ҪľϲҲϲ㣬Ҳѣ˷ʱˡ
Ů䵭üۣǱһֻεĴ߬ס,ʹϯȫ,Щ˵ί̵ۿ̡
ˣҲֻҪһչٶ,Ҫôۡ
衭
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95 

ԥ,յֻĺڷϣʵĴЩ㱡
ʵǰĲͬڴӿɽ֯غ,Խӿļȫ,ʹ
ֻᴥķ˿,͵ջ֡
ֲͣܿƵؿ˴,,ȴñ˯òˡ
̧ͷʱ򣬶ǰ鷢ңۿ,ûʲôѪɫҲ֪ڴǰ˶á
˹۾΢΢,һҪȥ̽й
죬Եһֱû˹ɫ죬˵Ÿֺ
˵ʵ,ĲζǼٵ,û뵽ķӦô
չ죬ܡ
ʱͻȻ,ܸ߸Ĳܷ¡
۾,ô,ɳƴϣ

ʱԭء
,źеĸɬٶȿڣ
۾ź죬򴲱߿
ֻǸղŴվȣͱ߬סķ
һʱ죬˼Ļһ뱻˽رס˵ݲκη϶
Ϥ壬űǼΥǾޱů㣬ۿȡ
ʱȫȷǰʵġ
ġг
ڵ³ߵ
౧սֱеСһѼ֣Žſ
ǿƵڵվֱ塣
֮ദôã仯֪һʱҲµĲԾ
ֻǷֵģֻû뵽ֱεһξ죬΢ּ鲻κ⡣
˹
ڣﻹž߶ȽɳƣĲ
ֱؿߺǱ̵һ㴹ͷ˳Ľëͬɿ׵׳Щ
û˵
Ŀʲʲôתȥ
ת󣬼ٶ̧Ŀϣ͸΢ĳԡ

ûãʹ̻ˡ
һˮݸࡣ
ӹ´ɱʱ򣬼ȵָ˲޹ģͷסͻȻӵɫСˮ
ûǣˣѾʱǧꡣ
û֮գЩƣҪԼҽ˵Ļǰһ˵ǡ
Сûʲô£Ѿˣǿ˾ͺãϢϢǰһˡ
̧ͷһۣ裬չ˺СʱǱʱȥæ
⻰΢΢һ
ûиǷֵϢ
⻰ЩΣ̿ŻǵͷӦ֪ˡ
̵ͷָָϰõĺںҩ֭ԸСҩˣٹ۲۲Ӧþûˡ
˵֮ǵŤܿţŹϣ˵ദĿռ䡣
ԭվһŶҩߵߣ׼ҩιҩ
̧ͷ糺ȥҩӹҩ˵ԼȰɡ
ʶҩݸ˹ڽ÷ɬҩꡣ
֮ٶĬ
ЩȻģڼҲõĲˣѾֿҲûмڼҵˡ
ţٶȿڣ˳Ĭ࣬⼸ûͺ˵Ƿֵ£ˣǵһǽ
ԣŻ
磬Ѿһˡ
ǰշ֡
ϲãͱһưˮ
ʶ
šüţͷϸҵ˼ǣ֪͵ϲ㣬ͻȻô˵ǿ϶ܲˡ
һ㶣һȷʵû뵽
Щɻؿ򼾰ܾ࣬ڵļЩԾΪ̫պͿ
ԥһʵҪô죿
װǻûз֣ٹһʱ䣬ô˵
ԣܾ̾
С
ֵĳԱǲҪۼͼңռ˵ļֵʲôأ
û˵ֻĬĬƵͷɫЩʹࡣ
˲ʧ˼侲ǰһǰ鿴û°ɣͷֿʼʹ𣿡
ĬĬҡͷֻϵʹɫû˿١
šüԾ࣬˵ʵ
½ëȻǶˣ㻹ôҸʲô
һҪƢҪ
࿪ڣǼ죬ڵ״̬Ӧǡ
̧۾˫βԲ۵۶ʱˮЩ
΢΢˫ƯһۺӣûֻҵصͷٿЩ졣
࡭ܲԾ
óȥʱЩ㱣ԼʹӦ˼˵ģҪƳټ콫Ϣߺǵ
Ҫȴ񲻴üˡ
뿪󣬼ǼʶСƵҪ׽ɢĶζ
ճ죬ſĵطǹԽŨ
ޱ
۾ཫԺļ࣬ǰļá
뵽ףĴ΢΢
½ӡһǵǿԱס
ֻұ֤
ԭҪȥ½ӽǰǺ»ͬ´ֻ˵ܳš
Ĭһ˲Լһĸ׺Բֻܹͬ˳
ȣֻڷҲƳڴϳһĺ
˵켾òҪ´ҲдȵĶԥһǴˮ
˼·ͻȻϣеˮëЩãȻ
ëʪһ塣
մˮİֱϣɫһ¾ͺˣ˵Щ
ã
Լ
ôܹأ
̧ͷϡѩɫľ϶ŷ⣬ʱЩԭｨ裬䵭ɫڴʱҲͻȻࡣ
㻹д
˵ţϸָڼ·ϣ⿪˵һſӡ
彩ֱκζ
ʹڼУ˵Ϊй̫̫࣬ЩǰļһбԵмңԶ
ëڸǵ׵塣
һֻżһڶֻżĻ
󣬼ߵֺ˿̧ۿ
ëŻˮҲһ
ŴϺϺһ򴽣ΪԼľٶϣٴγǿ
࣬Ѿֿˣֻʱ䣬ô˵
˲佩ֱٿ
ҴӦٶϢΪú̫ģҲϣ㲻Ҫ롣
չҲΪεҵΡ
˵꣬ˮ׼ߡ
𣺡˯ģ
ƽ˯ĶУķ䣬Ѿֿˣ𣿡
л˵
Ͻ̵£
һ뵽ԼֻǾ
лͶӪҺлղ~[èͷ]
ˣĳɰٷ֮ʮˣӦûҲɣ

96



96 
ûˡ
˵,ɴ뿪ˡ
ڴϣۣȴһֱҹû˿˯⡣
ڶ,ϵĲѾȫȥ,
Ū緹,ɫڴö˺һ
,һ,°һˣڣ˵Ϣȥù,Ҳˡ
Է˸úò,ˡ
࿴ǰĺ£һ˲΢ãлл
ϱû͵ˣҲϰ߳˵Ĺ,֮ǰļ,ʱг𽥿ʼǰŮ˵ˡ
ûֱһƣ󲡳,û
㻹ˡ
緹,ûȥСʯ,һʱȥ֪㡣
һСʱŵƽյϹʱ,Ϊȣ֪Ŵ͸磬˽ȥ½ӵߡ
㡢ʲô
½ļûվȣСƵıק棬Ьһ
û˵ʼˣһȭһȭϣ˿ûܿ½ӵϾ͹ࡣ
࣬㷢ʲôʼ½ӻо
ŵ汩ȫʹֻ壬ģ࣬ûɣ㡢ˣ
·ͻȻ½ǰ붼Ϊǣˤ˵ϣѳƬ
֪˵ڲŷӦһʱ俴򷽺󣬴ߴٵ
ȥ½ӰҪˣ
½ӱþûӿģһ߿ֿģ˵Ĵ½Ҫ͵ЦˣοȲϼǸȥæҲǱŶԸ
̾һҿ϶򲻹οôȥ
վԼະ࣬ˣ½ӽ컹ҪϹأˣ
½ӣ
壬ҧгݡ
ĶҲȰ԰½Ӹ绹ҪȥϹôȥϹ
ԣ໹ͣ
ڵϻʹ½ӰһȫǴ
˳ôȥϹ
ۿŵŤ½ӣսٵ£½е¶֡
ԣ½ӵһ̧ͷһ㵵ؿżࡣ
ô֪
೶һЦɫ˼ɭ
Ǿ͵ⱨӦɣ壬½Ҿˡ
˵꣬½ӵ־ЩԼ·ϲ˲䡣
ǵš
仰ûͣ뿪֪㡣
ɷ뿪ˣæǰڵϵ½Щ޴롣
½Ӹ磬ô
½ûлشһֱͷ˼ʱɫǻ㱵ġ
֪·үүĹô֪ģ
½ͻȻ½е¸дǷţٽ
һûõĻԶؾˣ
ٲܻ
ôһ룬½ӵɫһ˲߬סȭͷ
̫Ҫֻ̫֮ʲô֡
ǿ޵˺ѷεĲ״½䲻Ц
һߵͻȻĹЦ˴ֱۣԴӱ֮ͿʼԾ½ӣʿˮѵ
½Ӹ磬ǵÿ㣬ȻĻ͸ɲˡ
ԣ½ӵһʹϷ¡
һһ൱˵Ź
ˣǼˡ
Ҫ֮󣬼໹ôȥ
˰ڽһꡣ
ҹˣȥϴ裬Ӵ׵ҳһƿ׼õ͡
װͻȻ򿪣ʶƳ½һۣҽһƿ״Щɻ
ʲôô
½ӿһۣ˼־档
һЦ½磬Ҹոʲôûп
½ӳûп
ڨڨǼ⣬ϴϢ
½ҲĬ˴
ҹŷ½Ӳͷץ˰ͷ𴲽׼ĶϣϢš
켴ʹҲȣߵСʯʱ½ͷ󺹣ͷţܵ谭һ˿⡣
档
׼õţã˿ԥػ񣬵ȼľϡ
Ż汻ͻȻĴ紵裬һĨ⡣
ܳãϲĶ
ƽ½ӶԶ׼Ż潫ţﳹɵ뿪
žľϱ½öֻҪţճ˻ңپ͸͸ˡ
վδ˴
֪ʲôʱͻȻѣ˲
Żˣ
-
ˮ塣
ŻˣԶŻˣ
̶ӳоѡ
·ԶԶһĨҪĺɫ
ЩŻ˹ùãȥ
һ˸ͰҴСʯϡ
·Ͱ͹׼Ҫȥ˲˼ӵˡ
ԽȴԽ
ȵߵСʯ壬ֻǴһӿʱʧ˷ִ硣
ܱ߲ƤϵĻѾ𣬿ţĻȴԽԽ
ٻ棡
ͰһʶҪ壬ȴۼֿ챧ס
ఴסߵ˵ġ
̣̿ס
ùãǱȥðգҡ
סǵؿ۱յüʲôľݡ
ڻӵôţ˵û˹ģڼӵּɽ𣬾ǳȥҲֻ˿ֻǿԼ侲ȥðա
и̺󣬼Ȼߵڹ׼ܵ
½ûע⵽ͻȻЦһҵ˭һֻ˻µ󡣡
½ӵļһһҪܣȴһţȹ˵ϡ
óá
žһ£ţĶճɻҽ
һ̼½˳ڷſ
һҽֻʣһһȥķѡ
˹ȥڳʪĻҽУƲס䡣
ʲôûˣյʲôûˡ
̵ĺһͣȰؿ򼾰ࡣ
ģǿԼȰռƻߡ
½ൽü򶫺СʯĴ峤ǰ֪˭ŵĻʱһ߿֣ҲûоȻ𣬿϶ǷŻġ
ԣ½ӵĺݺһŤͷżࣺ˭˵ģҲȻѣ
෴ʣȻĹأ
˵꣬½ӵĿڴͳһл
֤ݡ
½ס̬֪Լ϶ܳϣ˵˭涨˲ҽóȥ˶ѣ
üǣѾͷҳԣ˵ó֤ݡ
ȻҲϲ½ӣмּɵ
ǲ
໹˵ʲôͻȻһߵķվ˳ָ½ӵҿͷŽʱûп½ӡ
ŷԼ̨½ӿԹ
󣡡
ֱ׳ΪʲôҪݻ𣿣ȻǺ࣬ôͲƤûˡ
ԣ򶫺Сʯ峤׳Ĭһҵ֪඼Ըָˣο½ӵĹϵôãʵͼ˵ȷʵûг롣
Сʯ峤½һţ⣡
˸໹ãҪôˣοҪʵ˵ģ
һ峤Ȼⲻ˵ѡܻ񽱡
ཫſɨԾɵڻҽеһۣԾټ֣˴峤ǿɱˡ
Сʯ峤ס½ӣûָȭ
ţΧΧһСȦˣĬĬС˵ʲô
ҲǮǰοҲǰˣģ϶ϣ
ˡ
һƬɫĲϣһһεصڵϡ
ǰʱոð·
༷Ⱥ޵ʪۣļʹ
ߣοѹˡ
ˣһڿ޳סţʵΪʲôȥ̣
ûˡ
ûˡ
޵滨꣬Ҫ鴤ȥ˶ĨĨ۾
ҲǸġ
ǰ
˳ıҲܣǿοˣޡ
ſţžεСҪŻ£ûԥüᱧ𣬴ߣֻһ䣺
ǮȴҰ˻ȥˣ鷳һҪæݻס
˻ȥ·ϣһһ鲻䷳ذοˡ
ڻǽ͵ʱ
ûؼңһ·Ϊ׼·ķߡ
Ŵ򿪽ȥϣֽƴ򿪣ཫ˵ź˺塣
裬쿴ǰ˭
Ϥʲôÿ޵ģû
̧ۣؿǰˡ
л˵
деѹ֪ûѹɶ
һܻܻϢҪȥУ·ŵ壬
лͶ׺ӪҺл۶ղ
ѩҪ([])

97



97 
ҡ
ԭΪѾһ˴˿ȴö˶˵վǰ,Ű·ͷһ˿Ժ󣬺ǰʱ,֪˶ٱ
ཫ,Ÿڵ,˲٣رס
̡
ı,,֪Һö˶˵⻹ʲôҿûСôõƢҪ㡣
ԣһŬסûлͷı顣
ٵĻҲû¶ʲô,ֻǽԼļƻһһ
˿Ǳˣʱߺúȵϵ˰̺ˡҲ֮ݵڴ֡
ˮ˼ûСʯĺ,Եĵ˿ں˱κãû˻ỳݡ
ڴ֮⣬ΪݻԪ׵½ӿ϶ҲҪ̵ģͦһʱҲٵ߱Qˡ
ƻһʯ
࿴Żپ,ɫŲ˴⡣
ڣʱΪ˶Ŀ,Ƕסɡ
ûڣһʪ˫,ε
,,ô,ȥϢɡ
·ߵķĸٻ֪Ѿֿ£ķơ
ˣȥϢҲطˡ
ļĻ
󱳵ţһֻзһߵӲǿվֱ塣
Ϊ׵ŹƵߣӵֱ˲ͷ
࿴Ůļվռ
˵סԣõģǲסһһסžУǷֵϢǿ϶Ҫһʱˡ
ʱǰÿﶼŴҪ˯ֻҪ̸ӣϯͺá
û˵ΪǲҪԼüǳǳһԼ۵׵ʧ䣬תʰõĿͷߡ
ıӰڽס࣬סڿͷͺãסԣϾķӡ
û˵ֻǽ˿ͷŹϡ
źֱߵ˴ߣڴ۾һƬķ䡣
ڼֺһӴ󣬼˿̵ľ״̬ҪһЩ
ֻǳٳû˯⡣
֪ʲôʱʼ᲻ϵĨǾޱů㣬˯
ǰûлָʱÿͻͷʹҲǸܵĴں⡣
ڻЩأΨһҩ
ۣ׼˯⣬˰ҹȴֻۡ
˯š
Щڣ֪͵һ·ˣȻϴˣٻ
ûټţ´վڴǰҹȵķһһˡ
ҲվʮӣϢسš
Ե΢СĶҲһ㶣͸¹⿴ĵӰ
ôˣȥģ
šüջǽԼҪ˵Ļȥ
ҲԣʲôǻԼ࣬ǼǶĬĲ̫̹ϡ
Ҫȴֲòϵʵ
Ǽ˿Ծٵļƻȴһֱûк˵һ
ʱȥҲûиҪȥʲô
뵽⣬ЦһҲԣ˶ѾֿˣҲûҪٶ
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ඪ˹ũѧƼüΰˡ
Щѹģͻˡ
ο֮伾Ǹô֮࣬£Ӵķꡣ
öֻ֮Щཫ̫ˣϲҲòӦġ
޶໥ֵģһֱȥֻǷԽԽ࣬ϵĸҲԽԽء
Ͳᰮˡ
Թ״ˣã䲻ôõļࡣ
ڴ֮⣬ҲʲôʹΪᡣ
۴ĸǶȿԼ˵õĽ־˷ֿ
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֪ô˯ŵģڶʱǱļѡ
·ȥһԺһȦһĸһֻʯǱõļʳ
ֻͦصشǰ߹
׼ˮʱŵıվڼȦǰģüһΪ䵭
緹ˡ
Ťͷͷ
ݵѡַƫƧ·ԷʱǻûŴ򿪡
ϵûκ֮ǰûǲҪǰ
緹ϸϸ滹׺Ŵ̵˺һļ
ΧһԷֻгĬ
ûһʶ˲ԾϾƽͼ͵ˡ
ȵ뿪*ٿСֱŤˣ
Ŀһ٣ҧϣһʱ䲻֪ô˵
Ҫ˵𣿱Ͼ˴ҲûԺˡ
̧ͷٶӣ糣̣Ƿˡ
ԣٵһ
ΪʲôҪ֣
ﲻʣ¶ٵ
һպķٶһ㣬ʢģ˽
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˵ĲǲϲҲǸ鵭ˣ˵˲ʡ
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üͷһ䲻ʾҪֿʲôҪ˭Ҳһ·ĥϹģοСǼô࡭
Ļû˵ϾȻҪ˷ֿͬʱҲԸôѹҲöܹάϵģ֮ìܻǵùϵȥ̸˵ܽ
ΪʲôͲµķ֣ȻԼŮԼ˽⡣
ԸУϲ롣
Ѿͷǰ̹ϹΪôϲô֡
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ϲϼȷʵ̫ˣͼֿϢɢȥĻ׷󼾰ò֡
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ЩãȻڴ˿ԽԼ˽ġ
һҪͼֿȴֲҪһ
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ͷ̧ۿʱ򣬷´ŵڡ
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಻֪뷨ֻǽ̽Ϣ
½ӱ͵ˣӦûΣꡣ
ûжྪȣãǰ̳̾ͱˡ
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ֻǱǺ࣬½һΪûб׷
껹ΪյЩ
ЩȻѵЩ˵Ͳ
࿴룬˼֡
ˣΣѾԭˣ㲻ٵˡ
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ϵľǿ༴ʹĲӦҲֻܵͷ
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ʲôʱļ࣬Ҫĺ֡
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ԺܶΣһΣȴ͡
ҪԼĸ鵽ʲôġ
˵Ʋͷȥٿ
Ҳıġ
šסеʧ䣬͵Ӧһûٶ
ԭվ˻Զ壬°÷塣
̿ٺҩ֮Ҳ˳
ԭԶԶ߹ȥƵڿʲôأ
ջҡҡͷ
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мֲ԰׵ɫָĶͷ
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Цһʯ㻹˵ֿ
÷ֿ
᣺ùãǼһá
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ҡҡͷùã㲻֪
Ҳûкͱ̸
̿СֶŮСһǹһʱ䲻֪ÿ޸Ц
ĻָΪҪһ㣺ǷֿͶСҿ⼸״̬̫ԡ
ʱͲӦ̫࣬ȻԼĵͬʱҲСΪã뷨
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ӪҺʵˣҺеӲSOSҾ԰ɣºæʵԡֽҵҪһؼ

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ѡ
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ڰУŮ˵ĶȣҲС˼ֱ֣§
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һ㶣Ҳ뵽˵ʱߵɫʵΪأ
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˵ϸ죬ԺصŸղŶԷ˵Ļ
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˵תȥż࣬ĻЩ棬ûתΪʲôûŵϵζ˯ţ˯𣿡
ཫһΪڰȫеȱʧ
ֻϤζŻ֪Լİ˻Լߡ
ûлشǰһ⣬ֻǵѾˡ
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ллùá
ƺһѾؿһۡ
һ28꣬һ31꣬̽йùã
н㻹ࡣ
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һٷԵȻ缾ǰ㣬ôĲ˹ȻԲꡣ
ǰŪЩʣµǵˣʣµĻ˳꣬׼ȥ
࿴һۣͻȻ뵽ʲô
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ЦôʲôֱžУƽʱڼңȥҺ˵һ
ࣺʱ鷳ˡ
ǳ껹ҪҽԺûжﳵȥˡ
̻˲٣һȥļ
Сϵûвֻ࣬ҪȥʱҩɢȥС
ҽ˵˿Ͽõҩȥ˹硣
ԭֻǴЩԵģȥǰ໹ס
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С껨ȥǮȻ٣ҲЩǮƱղһ¥ϵĳɫƺЩ
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Ŷ˵ȹֲֻɫȽϳѡ
һŵĺɫӡĳȹҺһ𴩡
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þûˣͬ־
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ۻԱӦ£ԼԱ۸Ǵ˸ۡ
õĶţȥ
żںȥղۻԱ˵Ļ
顣
촽Ծ˱һЩ
񡭡еҪˡ
ӡ
ţ̲סߵЦ
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³
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л˵
һҬͣѺȵ̫ˣҲҪ׳ԡ
Ⱥ˼ڣ˯ͦס[]
лһͶ׺ӪҺл۶ղء
ͽɽˣ֮Ҫȥвɷã̫ܲóʱдǧһؼ֮ټӸ

101



101 
ȥס
ӹӪĲ˷ŵװŵھˮϷ,ֽڹȹӸϴϣſ
ΰȻûãڻҪڼϢ,ŻкüʱܼϹ
Ϊɵǰ,Ҳеһ,ԼʹҲֻܱš
ϾڼҵǰʱȣҲͬ,û̺һ,ҲٱԲˡ
ʵǱͻȻ˸ˣüΰٶڼúˡΰвסӣֻͷſڵľ
Լǳ緹ɽ,Ͻһժ˲ٰ¹ϺҰѻ
ݺ󣬼żˣѯʣӵô
ӱ,ûʲô⣬סһʱԺͿԻˡ
ԣºµظһû¾ͺãû¾ͺá
ýժѺͰ¹,,ɽϻֳܶ࣬ˣͰ´ȥ̽ӵʱǰ,ȥɽһ,ȥ졣
,ЩΣ,Ҫ㻹רѡôȵʱȥɽϣСˡ
ΰ˵һ극ûþɽˣһպһȵʱ䣬̫ܰɹһƤ
ͷҲͼһȰǰӣԼɽУҪȥĻǵ̫СȥȻ
ºٺһЦ֪֪ˣ´βˡ
˰֣ɹɵ·սȵﴲϷŵո˷䣬ֵؿһۡ
Һϼһӵ·ˣô򣡡
·ʱ򣬼׬Ǯ֮Ҳ½½ȱ*ٵðˣҲ˲
ЦеҺͰТ˳ǵģӺ°ɡ
οҪûء
·ӣ׻ϲģֻЩǮ
һ룬˵Ļȷʵ뵽ǰʱǼ䳰ȷЩʱûԥ
ºһһֲ˵ĶԣҾȥ·ϴˣϼһųȥתһȦ
ǹۿ˵ͣ
ԣһۣжһ޵ش˼Ц⡣
һ𡢲ϳһŮͬ־
ԸΪģ
Ҳûʲô£˱ȥ·ǱߣùĴ׼ϴһϯҲҪˢˢ
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ݶǵķ䣬ǰֱŤֿסãںͺС¿϶Ҫ˯һӵġ
˯ĶνҪǿԸ
ٲڼңҲһסǱߴڻ
·̺ĵԢ⣬۽һûжԥܿظϼǱ˯ɡ
·ȻҲסһʱ䣬ΪǰŸңзһԭڣ˻ûһ·˯
·һ˯¶˵ŸⲻͬԢ⡣
֮
൹ûвµԷƵ뷨Ĵ𰸺˵ͷ
ϴ˴ϯԺһͺˮ֣ɺ󽫲Ҫսָϯݵţ׼ȥӱץ㡣
죬ʱ˸ٲ塣
ˮȥһⶼɢ˼֡
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Ҳ֪ܣһ·ʱָͷ

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վһʮָۣ΢΢żļͷһͷȥԿɫͫеӳ財
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ôˣ
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һȭЦЩӵ˵ļϣСָ𣺡ᡣ
ȭƮƮģܲۡ
ֺƵĻ˻۵ƣһȵķǡڴʱ˵ĳɡ
˿䣬ͻȻסĺףͷһ繵ǡ
ϼŲҶ͸϶ϣǵķ˿۽޶Ƴɵɫ
ʱԵЩʥ
ԭڵĻбһϲǣƵʣ׾ͳȥܿǵġ
ſʱͷ׷Ҫǡ
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ƵҵǲȥֻǴ˿
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һʼ˵·ߴˣͬʱΪΪԷõľҪԷƳŢȴԽԽʵϱʹеҲˡ
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ҪıǣѧȥζԷͶԷһǰߣһͬ
ǶǶԼ࣬õһַʽ
ӦѧԷ̹סߣ۳İ취
ǣż࣬ȻͣԭأЩɻתȥӣЦۡ
ҲȾЦ˳ʣôˣ
صҡҡͷ
㡣
һۣҪԼֳ
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ޡ
˻˵ЩʲôͻȻʮ
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СϱƵಽظڶԷֺǵ
ãôҲôᣬҶҪˡ
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죬ҽԺչ٣ΪпճĴλûȥ
ڶһ磬ȥӪԹ緹˷嵭١
绹ҪҺԼܿţ͸ڴҲܹ໥Ӧ
ŹӪķ˶ٶЩ뵽켾˵Ļ˴㡣
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źܿ챻򿪣һԲ̬ĸš
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̶һЦаá
ĸǰƯŮˣʱס
ôͻȻİ
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û
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Ůʶģοһ˽жȣϤܴؼҵѸû
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ǵס̵ֱۣ˴ɳ£иʹ˸ɫͬ־ʲôְ
Ҳû뵽ĸô飬һ㶣ʶش𣺡̣ҽ̡
̡
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־֪СʮֵǶԣ
иʾܿ쵹һˮˮǰ
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ĸһۣЦúϲ£졣
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ﻹò
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Сôʶģʶ
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ĸ֣ôģŮţСӦûŵģǸľͷ
仰һһ˲ĸˡ
һЦ͵ؽ̣ͣҺСֹϵ֪ùãҺСͨѣšġ
ԣĸҲˡ
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ü䣬ΧС̫ûҸżˣͷҾͿвкʵŮͬ־ܽܡ
һûΪμȥĸһЦش𣺡Ǹð
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ĸúв˳ȥ
緹֮̽ԼٵǷݷװ¹˷ݳԵĲˡ
ʱĸڣ̣һݲڹǸ鷳
ĸһۣôʲô춼ȥԣأ
̿ķУüۼЩΡ
װˣθô󣬳Բ˷ˡ̣ˣ´лټ
ĸĿ뿪ȥ۹µĲˡ
峴Ǻһֻǵúóԡ
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ôõĹȻСĶǿϧˣ
и۶̧Ƶػش𣺡ڲǣŬŬͲһˡ
ĸûһƣҲҪŮϲϲҲһԸ⡣
һиĻζ飬Щġ
УԷȥл
иûʲôµĶº󣬾;ֱﳵȥ˹ͷ
°и󣬻Щȡ
ôˣ
иľһû˵ԵɣҽȥԷ
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ù˵ѡ
һΪ󣬺Ұ׸һǺԸą̃¡
˵仰Ӧ͵ߣйùã
ּһӲˣò˵˵ȷʵܺá
ʣ򶨻ظ԰ĹùãҺͰѣйùýʲô
Ϊˣĸ̣һʱӦڽ̡
Ҷ뵽ȥˣͻȻð
ڹͷææҲҶ˼
һжֻܿһԵ֡
ĸظûס˸Ŀڡ

Ҳѹ˵ϲŮ˵ôһ˶û
ǿˣԼŮǸʵʵľͷ
ôøȻһ㶼ûжģ
ĸҧ֪̾С㻹˼˼ҹùá
һ㶣΢΢βЩɫ
ֻҴꣿ
һȷʵû뵽ϾȻ̿ᣬ׹ùãΪ֮϶һЩ
û뵽ǵʵС
ֻꡣ
Լôιùá
뵽⣬ЩΡ
һľͷӣ˵ĸûסſʡ
⺢ôã㲻ϲ
ֻǶ̶С첻ĽӴĸͶ֪˲ٺøС
û˼
ô˵ͻȻ뵽Էʱ̸Ϻ
ȻıⲻϺȷʵչˡ
ȷʵܺã⻰ϡ
ֻǡĸڵáܺãһϲŮˣҶҲֻ֮ϲ
´Ļ˵Щεģá
Ҳԣ̲һϲŮˡ
ĸһۣ̾һ
֪ǾҲͦʵģлܹһǶð
һ󲻳Ļ档
ǲһ
л˵
[][][]ľס̫ӣؼ[]
Ӧд֣ѧУһ
лͶӪҺл۶ղ

102



102 
ۡ
½ͷöæĴ鷳,˺ü뵽Ҫȥʾֿûмĸš
ȡźԥһǻԼסլǻ½ҡ
˵ʵڻ,ʲôѡ
ϴûסƢ,½Һ½е´һܡ
Ϊ½еҪ½ܸͬͬвмĶ,˵ʱ½Ը,½е¾,ݺһ٣½ƢҲûţֱӵ˻ȥ
ʹʼ½үҪŮ,½ĸ½ȴȰȥ½еµǸ
½ѵûаǵ뷨ȥҲ½ҴȥɴȥԼһסլ
ǡɸߵסլӿڼԲ,ùԹɵĹﱻƳ⡣
һ䡰֮Ҳҵϣűٹϡ
ǰЩϤһĻ½ʶü
ԼʱҲ½ĻֻʱǸ,½,ûطȥ
Ҳֻܱֺ˳ܹڼ
Ҳڴ湻Ǯ½̾ھһסԭ֮һ
ʱǰ㶶ŴŵĹ,Ȼ뵽ʱԼ,һӲҲԱ
ԼڣûطȥĻ,ȥǽһʱ䡣
ط,סҲ
ǰĹԣ˲תŹ⣬ЦݾϲԲԲ۾ɴ󣬿һֻ޺Ķ̡
ʣ㣬Ŀ𣿡
ʱܹ֪ǰŮǱɵĻ½϶ؼҡ
뵽۶ӣ½̫ѨǾȻ½Ҷ㣬ﻹгԵģС
潫ſ֪꣬½ӱؽ˼½üЩ
պãȥ˸ѣԸ䣬Ǯ½ߡ
һص½ңƿţԼ½үӱŭѵ½
ĺŮöӣ˵ȥǸ½Ҷӣ
ߵ鷿ǰ½ĸϣĵĶ
½֮½ĸ۾һҲû뿪ʱȥˣֱӵ
ȥүүүү֡
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103



103 
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Цеذ˰֣£ͷİɣںأһСˣӰʲôġ
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105



105 
򡰸Ůȡ֡
ĲݴԱǿ,һ۾ֻܿӽŵٰèӡ
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ЩԥβܵĻ,èè趪,Ҳ˶೤ʱ䡣
ˮҲûè˳Աѣ˵СóȻȥǲ̫ߵˣ
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106



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ϸ۲켾࣬óһۡ
϶Ϊԭ
һһ飬ôֲ˽ġ
ȥϱһϼƣҲ׼һһ
һ׬˵Ǯ
ھĩʱ򣬼յУǶԲҪ޷ǰ˱ۻ˺֮ͮͮǺݺһ顣
Ҳװװһˡ
ֻǺŮʿĶطȻͨͬȻôô
ͨԼڼҾͿαҪ໨ǵǮ
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Щ˼Ż֮󣬶ʱɵûȥ
Ҳ˲֪飬Ϊĺͼͬһ֡
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ҡҡͷҿû˵ͬ־ҺǶԸҼеطôܸǡ
ԣһ
Ǳݺ˻ڶ˴󴵴ޡ
ҼҵɺóˣȱҪóԶˣһˣﻰⶼλεȡ
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ڶ죬ȥʱ׼չͻȻһȺ˽ڵߵ޷˵̯ǰŭ
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еңڻȥ·дģо˼ҵģؼٿôġ
ӻȥվʱڳ⳵[]Ϊ䲻Ҫѧѩ
лͶӪҺл۶ղ

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107 
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ʱϱ÷ЦظǰĹ˿͵,˻ûǮԣǮĶһ,ϴ˼ԥؿ
ҧ,˵Ⱥ,¶Թ
˭Īðѵ˵ʲôʲôǵô˶Զû,,һô飡
˵ǻûǮ˵ͬ־Ǻ˵϶˿ҵ̫,ǹݺҡ˵֮ζؿ˼һۡ
һ仰Ҳû˵Ҳǹ
˳,û˵
ǻпͷһɷؿ˿ڣӸǰɣԳⲻͱ⳶ġ
˶ȺˣҪô׳ʵҪôߣһرƽ,Ĵ
˶ͣĶ,²ؿʼ׼֡
÷״Ŷһŵ㡢ǿɱ֣ȻȻСҽо졣
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ں׶Ǳֹ,˻˶е,ֻҪץǾٱûӹһ١
ҲǱˣ˶ԳëȴҪ޷һҡ
ѵǿͺܺ۸𣿣
ȻǲʣҲͱǲ塣
ۼǰȺѾʼ¶첲ˣΧ𽥱ýţ඼ͣĻ̧ͷµؿǡ
ȻܻᵢɻܹĻǺġ
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ÿɵþҵҵҲе׬
ÿ׬ô࣬óһǣҲɡ
뵽⣬ٶȿڣ˼ָ߸ϵİ
˵ɣҪǮ
Էش֮ǰѾһġ
ɡ
ţأϾŶԷĻش
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ԣô㡭˵һ룬סЩŵڶ䡣
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ɢɢëƱҳץһԷ˰֣ԸӬƵġ
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˵Ǽȴû뿪ǽǮΪ֣ÿһ㿪ʼ
ϼһ㣬ǿ޷ٶȺ
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Ǽ÷ڷġ
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˵ȺһĬ֪˭Ц˳Ҳ׷죬Цеıﲻһ
ӸղŵУҲв˿÷Ȼÿ춼ڿеʱҲǴŶһ鲹һ鲹·ƶ࣬ʵϴǱĻҪԣ
Ϊһ㣬ûȥۺʧһֹ˿͡
ؼҵʱ˵˺ֻ֡
á
˭ǲú⣬ƫƫҪɻ¡
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඼֪˵Щʲôˡ
ͼһȥĺС
ʮ·ˣճ˵϶ǲ۵ˡ
޷ۣҲڸԣÿζֻ׼ٵҲҪȥ⡣
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Ȼ໹ǰģ˴ſֺñӡ
ıǲҪ̫鷳ΣɴȥʳƷվˡ
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ǾȻҲ⣿ʲô
ĸ̣ĸǡ
ûþͷԼСβͣһǹƹƵ̯λһֱߵʳƷվŵͰ
󣬵ȴպܹ̫Զ
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Ҳ֮һӦһ˿Ц⣬ʮϵػظ
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˰֣ôܻᱻİɣѾɽˣô飬˭Ҳ
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׬Ǯ
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վڴͰǰһЩϧؿڣ
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Цϱ㲻֪ҽ췢ʲôϲ
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˵÷۾Ҳ˲˼֣˵ٴθܵŨĸϢס죬ûסָŻһ
Զ˼÷棺ȱ𿿽ҡ
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ղŶԷ˵Ļ÷˼֡
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¼Ȼ֪ܣǾҪȱȿ=˭ʳƷվٶȸˡ
ǰתڽȴͻȻú졣
ԭ˼ֵ˽ֶ֮䣬ζһ𣬲š
ĳһζʼԽԽŨ
óʮ֪࣬˭˵仰
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״εģ֪ԼԼڵһ仰Ȼ¶ˡ
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߽˵̯λŷĿ𣬼˵
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÷Ҳ΢΢죬ҲûϴԶȻҲûж
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л˵
شˣиֳɽȻײɴСèֱӶڴǰˣȥץӣϣҸϲ
ʵеգоèèеճ[ͷ]
лͶ׺ӪҺл۶ղ
ˣĲѪص




108 ռӸһ
ÿ
˵⻰,һ۲գضżҪŹһ˿顣
Ҳޱضһͷ΢΢ƫһ,ʣأ
˺ϼ,ϳ*Щϸ,Ҳŵճȭͷ
,ǿԼ,ڣ
㻹ҪĻһ̻ŵϢȫˣʱӦܲµǻʲôӦ
Ҫֺ黹ҪҰ㱣ܣֻѡһ˺ϼǿ
ֻԤмĻȴûг,ɫؿϵЩĪ
вң
˺ϼһҽͣҡҲǸ˼
,ﻰ渵ҲǾá䲻ѡ
ͽò˵ôأ⣬ֻΪƯƤҡ
˺ϼȴϣһǸ鷳ᱻԷġ
ĬĬЩҲԼһ˿Ļᡣ
Էһ,Ц,ֻﲻһ˿Ц⡣
ʹڸ鷽Щٶۣ˺ϼõĻҲܲ³һЩͷ
,ʣ𣿡
˺ϼɫ˲Ǻ,춼˵
ŽͣҡҲǸ˼,ûôá
˺ϼȻ֪ԼҲ䲻ϼ,Ȼҹλʱ͵͵ջĵԱռϷ磬ֻǾ䲻ϼࡣ
ôõˣӦиõѡŶԡ
뵽ᶨֵøõˣҪֿŶԡ
ִ಻ԡ
Ƴ˺ϼ֮˵ߵĳïʢĹβͲϡ
˵˺ϼҲϲвңҲѡ⣬ôǹܲˣǿԿ϶ǣֻҪҰ˵ȥԺڴͱù
Ƿ˺ϼģҲ֪ôþô仰Ϳ
˵ûи˺ϼκλػء
ųҪؼҵʱһǳ翵Ļ¡
ںڵʱˡ
紵˺ϼĶߣ˺ϼ۾죬ԽԽԶıӰͻȻ
Щ޴룬Ϊʲôھ
˵ЩֻΪ˼ð
ֻǲüԺڶѣζǳں⣬ôԺھء
ҡ˵ЩǼٵģûҪ̵˵ȥ˵ΨһĿıҪüıѡ
ǶԷķӦԼԤһҲһ
ѵĺܹ
ϵĶʧǵػص֪㣬Լ˵ԵһԲĻص˷֮󣬽ڹõ˳
ڴϣñӽ˹ס
ױϴøɸɾ嵭㣬˺ϼȴúζһˡ
ʧ룬
ֻԼһ˶ʱ仹ûãٶȱ򿪡
˺ϼһ٣ǽŲŲֻϣҪ
ԸΥıӺܿ챻ƿ
Ӹµؿ˺ϼ
ղź˵ûˣ
ﱧǼ֪ıòеףһ˿
ڳÿ֪ףҲ֪˭ģ񲻶ģ
˭֪׵Ǵġ
ԣ˺ϼĺһͣײغãվ档
СڼҾͱţԵľٵ·Ҫһͷ
Լӣмʲô㲻ỹҪҰɣ
Ͽģȥ𣬴ĻԲԷˣ
˺ϼ˵ֻǷһǶֱӴϡ
žһ£ʶסգһŵؿ˺ϼ
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Ҳû뵽Ȼ֪ôֻһ˲˲ֱֱ׳
ôˣڲǺö˶˵վ𣿡
οұҲûҪ㿴֪ɻѵҪûôϰĻͿ԰ˣʱǽ飬Ļ㣬Ҳٸɵ㡣
˺ϼסؿڣǿ֮Ƿһϡ
ҪôõĻôȥҰȥȥôã㵹Լȥ
һ뵽Լûʲôĺ˺ϼͶĵҪŻ¡
˺ϼСÿũСƵûţϣ
˫ո߸˲Ҳֻ
Ҵң
˵ţ˲˺ϼŤһӸռƣһ󣬶ķˡ
šŮ˴Ľƣһ㶡
ôˡ
ǣǴʲôȥҶˡ
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˾ȥéԵ㡣
-
һֱң뵽ղŷﻹмֶµûš
Ͳöǵ֮ġ
ٴڴСӣȷںǺ˼֡
ʱ仹磬ҲմѧУûã׼
ཫźãȷᱻ֮ȥ׼в˳ˡ
ǰ켾඼ǲŵģϰˣѵûô磬оЩ֡
񣬽ȼʣæˣ
в˵Ķһ٣ش𣺡Ҫ졣
ֹæʲôôء
ЦҲֱ˵ȻҲ̫ϲˡ
ο֮仹һοڣȷرʾҪ޸ȻҪеʽ׼á
뵽Ǿ໰ľò񻰡
ֻ˵ֻм죬ܾõģ֮Ϳˣڼҡ
緹ص䡣
ཫϵ鶼˷ʱĴʱ䶼ڸϰСѧе֪ʶ
ʵЩԼ˵ѣϾѧһ֪ʶûʱҲڶʮһѧʮ꣬ôùȥȻЩ֪ʶѾǵò̫ˣʵֻҪٽαһ飬ÿ͵Ŀϼ˽Ĳˡ
æֻϰСѧݣΪҪѧУϿΣż꼶͸ĿʦΣСѧ֪ʶǵò࣬ȼٶҪϲ١
⵹ü˸ˣֱӿıʼǺĴ⡣
ǰΪĺˣڵù
ڿĹ΢ķҳȴЩ˯š
ȥ°Ϳ˻ıӰһǿ˿ڡ
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Сڿ£һʱûûиκηӦ
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Ļԭ߸˲
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û˵
ЦۣȻҲ֪ʱڵЦԼ
࣡
жԷȫЩ׵Ķ䱻šЩ졣
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װ
ļı֮һ̯ǰԼָࣺ
ཫָ˳öԼɫָġ
ͣʱܾÿ춼̫ˣԸֻϣܹһЩеҲֻҪͻͽָû뵽һžҪҷ֡
һۣཫö۽ֵָϡ
һգָָϴպ÷ϴʱ
ɫĽָѩϸָֻǿţ;÷Ŀ
ֿϲòˡ
Ǽ˵Ļ׻Щ֪Էǲﻹʮֽ˵ĻϸǸԲ𡭡
ʳָסĴ˵Բ㲻ĵģֻ֪Ժͺá
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109



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ڶ,*ҪȥʳƷվɱȻĸҵһֱڱ䣬һЪһ,ҵĻ,ÿʮǮĹ,һҲİ࣬ŸԱ
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Цõ£֮⣬ȥ˺ϲǡ
ϲ󣬵ʱ䣬ڹӪһٷƵϡ
˵Ķ½½ãԻصҲݣ˵Сҡ
ֻǼųҸʱȴٴο˺ϼ
ٶЩ֣ʣôˣ
ҡҡͷ:ſˡ
̽ͷȥŷ˺ϼ
Ӻֻ³гߡ
ԭҪװûͬ˺ϼʱ򣬻Ǳڽס
ࡣ
תͷȥЩֵؿ֪ԭ
Ǹʲô
࿴ǰ棬ͷûأ״˺ϼԽɬ
ղŹʱϻǴЦģѵô
Ȼһſڵף»顭֡
ߴƯŲıϣѯͼ൥˵һԻرһ𣿡
⻰ڼ̣䲻Һûʲô˵ģвһҪ˵ʲôĻЩ˵ûá
˼üĿ˺ϼһۡ
ԷûڿԼֻضż࣬૵ҡʵǸ˼
ûвģϴֻƭѣҲܵġ
Ҫٶ˵ʲôȴϡ
ʲôԭЩ˵ȥ˾ղ˭֪˵滰ǼٻοҲҪʲô
俴˺ϼһۣĿߵϺ֡
ţȥˡ
˺ϼĹ⳹Լĺܺġ
ǰͼಢߡ
صңЩɻطʡ
˺ϼôˣ
˺ϼı飬ƺԨԴ
üģ򵥽˵һ飬ȥýв˺ϼϲԼ¡
˺󣬴ۣǲµˡ
ǲϲ㣿
౻ţĪ鼸֡
ֻͣϲ㡣
ǣץһ
öϲ㡣
ĿһۣҲܶϲ㰡
ĿԣԼͬͬʱŲߡ
˵ϣȻûϲˣһǻЩ顣
Ͼһȷʵͦģȥֻܾˡ
߹ȥסķ
ֻϲ㡣
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л˵
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111 
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˺ϼĳֶ˵ֻһҪС,ûΧ˵ȥһͿʼʰ⡣
Ͽ뿪ʱ򣬺Žӡʺ궼˻ȥ,ԺҲɨһ,ֻǺǲ»϶,ݵûŪֻܽ켾һʰ
ϺϵҲ̫,˷֮Ҳɨɨ,ڲɨҲˡ
ʰú˽ѵ˿ƽľϯ˶Ǹһëë˼˼ɵ˶ǹϵ׽,ٵҲһǮ
ϸ𵥿һ飬ŷ÷࣬ȻоŰپʮ,һ١
ŵϵյĺ˳÷Ǹģһ,ŷһۡ
һ,ʣô࣬Ҫȥ𣿡
šüԥصͷ
ȻǮǿ,ԢҲ,÷Ҳʵ̫˰ɡ
ôôࡣ
ѧУһļ,ҺһȥʳƷվ,ʱһȥ÷̰Ǯ
һ飬ѧУܶ˻٣ʦΣ⼸춼ȥѧУ
ʵҲͦģһ٣룬û׼ˣʱϲ˽ٻȥˡ
ٽºǸĸĿں򿪣Ǵˣ١
ʵҲŲٵĴóǮܾûЩ*˼û˾ԴǺϼһ㵽ʱЩǮٱŷȥ
󼾰ŽС򿪣ЩһװŻ̿飬ĿǡҲûС
ⶫȷʵͦõģཫպã׼꿴
Ǯ߰˰˵Ķȫʰã˶Щ룬ϴӵ˯˸
÷Ĵۣһгš
˵ʳƷվ鿴ʮָ۵֣Це»֡
ЦӦ£ڵżʱųȥʾ֣ȡ˴Ӿмİ
صֿ⣬Ҫһʱ䣬򿪣ûɢĶһƤʼǱ
ݴŷ˷ԼƵʳֵĬ
ΪʲôռǱᵽôε÷Ϊǡϲ
ûдҲ²
ȵƳʱ򣬼ıģ
Ƴźãվǰֵʲô
͵ػҡҡͷ
û¡
ЩЩˣѾˡ
΢΢߬Ȼ˼ʧ䡣
Լ飬˻һֱȥİˣЩ趼ܿ
ܵĵ䣬û˵ֻȥԼϴɾǣסġ
˵úܲĵĻԺ˵Ҫ
̧ʢۣͷ
ȥٺ˵
ﻹЩңҲ֪ô֯ԡ
Ӧ£һ߷ŵİ𣬼гǰ棬ȥЩԵģŶ÷Ҹϡ
÷ҵʱ÷ǿš
Ǻ÷϶˵ЦݣǵˮʺͰడǽôˣ
ˮЦŽͣ÷̣÷𣿡
÷һ㶣ЩǸ⡣
ѽϾͱȥˣĲʱʲôĻԸ˵˵ʱת𡣡
Ҳû뵽ôɣ룬ȷʵҲ֪÷ʲôʱһۣ˵뷨һ¡
㿪ڵʮ˺÷̫ˣô˼գҪ𻹻ġ
˵ţƸ÷
÷ֵؿһۣ÷ǮȻǺ˵ġ
Щ÷ԼķգһͶ빤÷￴в۵ġ
ڼŵˣȻˡ
ֻȥٿǮѣЩ÷Լ׬ģﲻǻ÷ҲۣοҲϲúء
ۣ๵ؽؼĻ
ˣ֪жǮеλ֤ʱֱȥȡǮˣȥǮҪĵǿ¡
໹Ҫƻȥ֮󣬿ٴλصԼĴۣĬһ˲ûкȥ
ֻ˵Ȼ󣬵սУû÷о顣
಻ټֽۻ÷ﴭһڴ
ӴǣѶպⲻ͵ˣƫƫҪʹ񡣡
ԷҪˣ˷߰
һҪ³Էˡ
ƾܵ˴ǻȥء
÷Щϧ͵ſڡ
´´һҪԷ
÷ؿǣһ壬ﻹֲ١
԰ڰ֣´Σ
׼ߣԥ˺һͷ˾ס࣬ǰһıʼǱݸ÷
ʼǱ鷳÷̻ʱ
÷ͷ
ջǸ˳ȥֻǲ֪÷ڿռǱʱʲôܡ
ڵ鵹ûиտʼĳء
ڻȥ·ϸռǱϵݣҿᵽ÷̣֪ϲ÷̻ǵذѡ
һָڣһ飬ûкܴĹϵΪЩ̫Ӱ顣
ϵѵôЩãҲ
ҵΪҲŲ飬Ļϲ÷̣ԭٺһġ
Ҳϲ÷Ǿá
һ뵽Լ谭׷Ҹ;úΡ
౻Ļҭסû뵽뵽ôࡣ
Ҳϸ룬˵㲻裬Ҳ֪ʱôģӰĿ϶ֻһء
ٵУܹƴճһµĴ
䡢ǡϻۡ
ôֻᱻһԭӰ죬ʹԼŮ
οҸԴ֮һŶԣô谭أ⻰ˣѹˡ
ĻЩɡ
𣿡
̾һΪﳵĻҪСԴϣ׶Щʲô
Լţǵúš
ĵȻˣҸ֮һ
һǳǳ͵Ӧһ
࿪һڵ˺ܶࡣ
˵ûСʱ˵ܶΰ
Ĵ˲ŶԣŲʲô谭
µĻ֪ȷʵѹˡ
˻˼ңʹ˺ܶ࣬໹ĵ⽫˺˺һ
Ÿս鼸죬һ˿˵
Ȼ֪Լĳ̶ȣᱧס°͵ļϡ
᣺ѾѹˣԺҲˡ
෴ӦӦЦͨ˾ͺá
ŮһڣҪˣ˵뷨üʱ˵
»޹˼罺ӣǱ߷ŵĶ½½ذᵽ·
·Ĵ¹˵ĸɫױҲϼƿƿ޹ޣŨϢ
Сұ˵Ķ˸ҵϢ
ϾʱԺҲһȦĻʽŶֵ¼ʵϻƯ
Ժӳ˼ȦطһֲˣطֵǾޱ
ȦļѾ½½ʼµˣֻĸÿС׳֮Ժץιڶñ׳ģɱһֻԳ١
ľȥСѧϿˣҲûţÿȥɽϼͺȥ
һתۼ䣬תԭ͵ķﶼ˼ֺ⣬һ֦ϵĵĿҶ׹
ʱÿ죬һ¾͵ʮһѮ
ǰһֱںɽҺͰΪǻںжش̵Ļ˾죬Ǵˮˮܡ
һ¹ȥĵûзԡ
ʱʲôͻӦ䣬ܲΪⵣǣǮ׬˰ɡ
ɲУ໹ҪšŮĸһӡ
뵽޵Ĵθڣ;ۡ
ʮûèֻܿɾԡ
ǰ͵̵ĵϱ˸ֵϺϼһȥɽϾ͵ȡ˼ٸǩֱܲˡסΡ
жʮֿԹѡ񣬻Ҫһǰ±ˮٰѺҲǰʱٷŽＸӱֱӳˡ
룬໹ʱͽ±ˮˣڵ䣬ºһҹҲỵ
ϴͺܰ˼ԼԵĴ±ˮţȵ̳֮Ͻ˵֭һ̲ˡ
˵ۣ⳴˸²˼ͺˡ
ѧУʱ򣬾ᵽ˴ﴫŨζ
Ϊ˵Ļ鷿ѡĵطסԶŲ˶ϵʲô
ӣоЩˡ
һصң޸߸ߵβȣ๾
ͷ
ŲǵĻһ˿Ц⡣
Էˡ
СèõһСϣ޺ԥؿʼè
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⣺࣬ˣôèĴס
˼Գ裬ôСġ
ңβͳӭҵģҲ
ż࣬˼Ц⣺´ҡβҵĻ㡣
ࣺβֲͣС
ԣЦһһŪ¶ѩ׾ǵʺǺۺͳݺۡ
Ҳֻ֪Сĺۼ
׼ԼġҲһ˲һϡ
ðɣ´λβͽŻؼҵġ
߲߳ʲôģ඼ˣҽ֮ΪȤ
һַ£Ϊ΢΢ۣϡԿһǺۡ
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˭ԼŶôǿĿİɣοڶˣȫĺۼԱڸ¡
ţڵظкۣԵĲ˼и
̫ܳ±ˮʱûз̫ȥе֮ǰټϾͺãҲ̫Ӱζ
˵㣬̧ͷͷԵ棬Цʣó𣿡
ͷܺóԡ
Ļ˵ĺܶ࣬ϾܶʱﶼǼڶֻҪųԷʲôʱ򶼻Ѽеĳ꣬Ĳ˺óԡ
ȷʵܺãûʧֹ
˽һµʱ䣬θڴЩҲ˵⣬ཫڻʱú
ҲһУԼôá
ϲָЩˡ
Ҳżϲļ˵ԷһԼв˵ġ
ͷʱʱ̧ͷעвˡ
֪ķ֮ٶһҲš
Ҫ׼±ˮ̵Ĳˣû
˯ˣ賿ʱ򣬼ȥʼ׼
ʱ㹻֮ǰȼ֮ǣ˵ߣȻڸɻҪôú͵ҪôֵͲɼСʱ۾Ϲˡ
׼õĲгɱƬ꣬ϸ΢ĽŲ
Ťͷһ˼ףվһߣż롣
æ
˵ţһߵǩʼˡ
֮һ𴮡
Ȼǵһ̣ǼҲûѹһ˼ٴˣһһطŽ±ˮš
ȵ׼Ҫŵʱһ𽫹ưӵͰú󣬼׼ﳵȥС
ףûξͺúϢϢȳԸ緹ٻȥ˯
ԹԵͷ
עⰲȫ
ųԶŻȥϴ緹
䣬ڵҲԽԽ㣬ҹɫŨڣֲָ
൹òպܹԼڻ
еʱ粻ڵ̫Ҳɹ˸ʱ·λͣ£ͰͿĲ˺ͷڿ
˻һŲŨҵζֱֱ˵ıǼ꣬΢Ǻ޶˹Ĳ⡣
ûܳһ緹ʱᵽôԵζĺϡ
ЬܲסζĹ֪Ķһ󣬲뻨ǮֻζԼͬ־ζҲ̫ˣѸӸǺõɣȻ
ԼĶӣЦһ
࿴ƿˣЦпڵ㣬ҵƷɣ̣زǮһǮӺ۵ĻһëƱС
ԣЬͬ־ЩĶ
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ԣҲپᣬͳԼķиࡣ
Ҵ˷УҪһΣƬǡѪټӸ˺ͷ˿
ϣһë
֭Ĳ˿ŽȥһӣŽٽһðž;úóԡ
Ůͬ־ǮһƱӹУڵ˿ڷۡ
˶ڴطʣζô
Ůͬ־̻ʵؽ£Ծɴڵ㣬ԼĴָ
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㣬㣬
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ͬ־Ҫһ˿ˡ
ҲҪ
Ұġ
л˵
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112 3wӪҺӸһ
Ȼѡ
Щ,Ķͣһ߿֯򣺡ұ𼱣һ,ܿġ
˵,ǰķд,ģһëǮ
ÿ϶һ,ζɢ,ÿֻҪŵ˶Ҫһڡ
һطһξ룬ȻζƮȥ׾ܽ
һ̵Ⱥɢȥ֮,½ӿС
ŵŨҵζȻҪһģ˴ûгԹĳʳ,ҪÿһζҲࡣ
һһ׼ٶമڲʮʱˡ
һ򵽵˺˼ûˣѾֻ̯Щϧ
ʵͬ־׼㰡,һҪÿζء
ղŻʱô,һҾûˣҲ̫˰ɡԹ
ĻּŶӵļҲͷ,һҪԵĻԽǰԤ,Ҫʲô,Ļѷи,ǰͰǵķݸװãʱֱȡС
ԣ˵۾һԼķеݸ࣬ڵÿ˶ҪһҪݺۡ
ʱԼЯֽͱʵϰߣķ£ڰڿǮĶ𣬵뿪ٵǼһҪԵġ
˼Ԥķַ㣬ʹҲ׷ŶԤ
˰СʱǽԤҪĲʽд
ǰԤĵ׻඼ֻǮĶ𣬵콫̸ԷʣµǮ
ţٶ׼һĲˣӦȥ
ţ̯ȥʳƷվЩûеĲ˺ųҸϡ
Ҳʮһ㣬ûڼҿʱ˿Σ࿴ŸļצƤצ
˲ʮצצɾˮĨϵСʱʼըצצɫ̳ϵϷˮտ±ˮƳٴμ뼦צ
ʮӾͿԳˡ
Ϊ˷㣬·߻
±צʱ򣬼ֳ˸ˣ˸ܲ緹
ʱ򣬼պýƤצʢ
˲ֳһѼצ͵˺ȥָҲ˼ǶζŻصҿʼ緹
·ϻ˵ʱ䣬ҵʱ򣬳ĲɢȥһЩǸպڵ¡
ȸһצԼųһڣһں룬ζͺҲûʲô
ζѾܾûвˣ΢Ρ
צֻ΢㣬ڼûгζļצ
һצЩؿż࣬ѯʣҪȥĶ𣿡
ԣҪȥв˵Ķһ١
Щε̧ۿ룬ôÿһʲôóԵĴľҪȥ
ƤצҪ⣬Ҫôͣʱ䣬Ķ϶ˣҲζ˵˲ࡣ
ȥĻǲǵòʧ
ûлشԷ⣬ֻȵó𣿡
ͷȥЩɻؿʵشóԡ
Σ죺ûпܣԣΪ㵱Գԣ뵽˺óԵĶҪҲأ
ԣЦЩӡ
Ӧһޣ֪
Ҳӣвˡ
Ŀʱ磬ûпΣ˵Ҫ＾׼Ĵ˸ɻһЩԼҲûһ극Ϳʼææ͵˯˸
岻̫ãЩ飬̿е֪˯˺ͷΣԽ˯Խ󣬼һҲ˯
ƽ˯ʱ䶼ǰСʱң˯һЩ͸ͷˡ
Сʱ󣬼˹ϵıٿԼǰ˯񾲵ҲͶһؽ˽ѡ
ǰ˲䣬ͬţҪ˯һ
ڴͷҲ˿Ӱ죬ȥ˳ƽͷԼĴϣЩΡ
ˡղŲǻ˵ҪҸɻ˯ʲôɲˡ
һˣҲҪɻˡ
һЦֱ˵Ҹ½Ů˱ѹԼϡ
˯ú˵Ů˵°ͣ׼촽ȥ
û˯ѣӦٶۣ׵ԺǻΪǱĵʣ޼ʶͷڼϵֽ·ץ塣
㵽ΪֹĴ꣬˷ſ
ַŮ̵ͦμģʣСû
գۣ˺һķӦ˵ʲô
Ϸ˺ΣصżࣺС
ֻǿϧ׵ûŮﶼκ
ЦһԼ𴲺˱˴
ˣɣŸɻ
·˺˱ˮ˯ɢòˡ
ȥժЩˣݫϲԵͦ࣬ǱժһЩ໹ʱɹݫɣʱݿͳ˹ˣĺܺóԣȥԼųԶԡ
Ҳֵ֪Ĳܹöạ̃ҪǲĻȥ˼һһЩ
ժȥ󣬼ɽӣ˼ٸǩвˣˡ
ŵôе΢΢ȻǸʲô¶1ѣǵ1ˡ
רעĲ뵽
ҲЩָۣΪǩЩ졣
ʱˣڵ裬첻пȥΣʣЩ
ɻֻҡҡͷ
û£ڻ̫ۣôһ˵øɵʲôʱȥ
ԣûȰֻĬĬӿϵٶȣȡɵ㣬ŬɵĻٵ㡣
ִһСʱǰĲ˱ˡ
˷źãҩƣָ
ȵҩ࿪ŷȥ顣
ϵʱ򣬰ǰʱؼҵİ˸ͦϲԵġ
󣬼˼ʮ̣˵ºȥʣµ˳ԡ
ڶҪ𣬼˯ñҪһЩдֵҲŻ
ŷ紵Ҷдֵɳɳܿ˯š
賿㣬׼ʱ±ˮϣϴ󽫲˷Ž±ˮ֮ԤĲ˶ŽӦķȥ
ԤĲװ֮󣬼ཫ±ˮͲ˶ʢһûôڹ緹ϳȥ
׼һǧമĲˣ˵Ŀζ±ˮøһЩһȥڵҪˡ
ණһȣæʼòˡ
ȵʱ򣬲
ϻ̫࣬ûüԷòУҲ̡
ȵ󣬺еһ̺ԤõĲ˵˶ˣæýŲմء
ټĳԷռ˱ˣ۸˼ζܶ˶ϲһҲԸڶΡ
̵ĵڶ죬Ȼ׼ôˣʮ㲻ʱͽеĲ˶ˣҲûʣ¡
ǰԤ˵˱ʮȥʱԹӻ˵ģʵ̫æˣҪתÿ죬Ǯ
ټԣ᲻һֱô𱬡
ǵĻʾȥÿĹӦþָܻ
һֱôĻûǵýиæ
ȥ֮󣬼⣬ҲÿС
ټӵȥ˵ǩͺкһԼһЩ߲ˡ
ҪȥʳƷվɱӣʱ伾඼ں̡
Ȼǰʱ̫æˣԵЩӦǼȥÿ׼ĶһǧҵĿҲǿڱǰҪӦ٣ԭõĹæ뷨Ҳ
̵ǰĺܶ඼Ҫȥ
ȻҪһЩҲͦɹ۵ģȥɱٵʱÿҲ϶ʮ࣬ȥĻ˺ͷ˿Ļռ
ģǰһκΣ촮Ļ˶Щ
ǰ˴Σûпγ̰ţҲżһˡ
һæһǮǮһ˰æʢˣ˰æ󣬼ǰҪɲ١
ǮĹһɨȥȺȻ˸С߸¡Ůˡ
ле˲࣬ӡ̵ľôһȻƭǱ۷Ƕ޷֮һ÷
иΧɨһȦջǿ˱ںԾԵøɱ
üĲԾͷǮż̧ͷһȺеˡ
ǻʲôǼҪ
ţһ̧ͷʱѾˡ
ǰ٣ղſĸ˼ࡣ
ԣҲü
Ϊһ¹ȥʲô۶ӣû뵽ǻǹˡ
ǰͬ־Ĳװõݸ˸ǮͬʱȺѰ÷Ӱ
ÿ䣬󼾰ڽ俴˶ڵϵ÷ʱվţͷض˵ʲô
Ƕڣһ
˻ھͻãڿ˲ˣǴѾȥˡ
һ㶫ȥ󣬼ʰö׼ȥ
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113



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Ϣ֮һӦڴʱʼߴԼӦĺѧϰϾܹϴѧĻ,ǶļĻ˵ǹҫĴڡ
˺ݺ,Ϲ׬ֵĻҲԼҿԲμӸ߿ĺӸˡ
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ָڷָڶŷɫͷ֮ûзӦ
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ԭĺУΪû½ӵչˣҲȥˣ׬Ǯ첻ˡ
ԭı·뷽跨ҵصķȴиͻȻ͵ǰ
ҧŴЩڡ
֪ʱÿ춼ĶʱģӦö࿴飬ȻĻڿ϶иİա
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лͶ׺ӪҺл۶ղ[èͷ]

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ڿŹ㲥עоЩ
ſ,Ծ࿼ʦ,ﰲ,ֻбʼֽдֵɳɳ
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ŷǽأⲻǰҪȥ͵
ҿǸҾúõĹûˣ¸ˣֿڵţӶɶˣŮĴЬˡ
ԣֺȵһԭҲȥϵëǮӲҺˡ
ţصϻǾЩԼղûٸһš
棬ô񶾵Ļ˵ڡ
༾ļͷοѾҳˣǱˣԺͲˡ
컹Ҫȥٲ˯Ļˡ
ô˵ǿסĵŭԼһ§˯
̫˯ţ֮ȥúô̽̽ڵ
ʱٿʲô취˳׶ͼϵġ
ڶһ磬һȥӪ˰ӺͶ緹¼ȡ֪ͨдѧȥ
˲٣һ϶˶ѧУδڴ
ȻѾϹһδѧʱԱⱻȾҲ˼ּ
һȥע֮ȥᡣ
ѧУס̫ãСĿռҪʮˣϴϴ趼Ҫȥˮá
״Щģ᲻ϰߡ
Ŀɫ糣
򵥺˵Ѵ˸кǿʼֹɻ
򴽰˸̿λãıϡ
ʰԼӣ˽ȥ
Ѿʰ˵̵̳תתС𣿶á
ԣһ㶣ʶ̴ļ࣬۾΢䡣
ǣһСأòŶԣϲչңУޡ
ԣ̳Щȵס죬ſǸá
ЦЦû˵
ʰ֮Ҳ½ˡ
ǶӢרҵģ˲࣬Ҳסֻˡ
̡̳ΤӢǾбˣëԽǸˮˣʤˡ
˼ʶ֮󣬱㶼жʰ
һ罫ʰĲ࣬Ҳ򵥴ɨһ飬ۼҪ磬;ȥʳóԸ
ʳҲ˳ӵòʳŶӴ˷˶붼ҲһλЩһɨȥȻˡ
һڶţȥǱߡ
ֻ⻹Щɻô⣿
л˵
˵ʮޣʮһסޣûҲûж
лͶӪҺл۶ղ[èͷ]
ˣѩԤղ[۾]

116



116 
೤
,ЩŲ۳ͬȥڼ½ŵɬŮͬ־ҲЩȡ
ôҲ⣿
룬Ѳ½Ҳμ˸߿,˾дѧ
Ҳûп,Ͼ½ҲͲŶʮ,ûг߿ʮơ
Ҳ֪Ƕû,˱ŷ߹ȥ
㡣޽,֮ǰͷԷ½к
ԣ½̧ͷԭ䵭üۼǰǼ֮Щϲ
΢΢,ЩЦ⡣
ʣ࣬ô⣿
ĿϿһȦЦʣǿˣ
ͷ,ڽͣҿˣǽұġ
࿴½һǰݵЩֵ㣬ôˣ
½һ㶣ֻǵ̫ûĴɡ
ߵŮͬ־ȴؿڻشݲݺʲôϵ,ôʲô,οҿţܿͻ᳤ȥˡ
Էĵ⣬ߴ½ŲߵŮͬ־ϡ
Ůͬ־һſ͹ɵ,崿,˿Բһ˫Բ۾,Ǿ衣
ע,һ㶣֮ѲӼ飬Ȼ⾯Ӻζ
ѺһЦûнʲô
½˵ôûòѵ⣺誣ôͱ˵ģ
תͷתΪֵļ˻ſڽ͵誣ҡãġ
誼þĿ⿴ŶͬʵƯŮˣ½߲˲࣬ϸָļϣ˼Եռ
ĿڣŲʲôãֲ½δŮѲŶԡ
½ü˵ʲôٺ˵Ժȥˡ
ڨڨ죬ֵ˶Ůһۡ
Ȥ֮ĶԻԼűˣƿڽ͵
ͬ־ǿʲôûɰǺֻѡ
˵˶֣ԼԵţиָϵɫؽԺӡ
ԹԳ£ִϣϵĽָͼһޣһ۾ܿǶԽ䡣
誴ʱ֮ĹϵҲȻ֪ղŶˣ˲˳ֻ޺ӣС½Ǹ
Բ㣬Ҵˡ
λ㣬ҲǹģֻˣΪǡĻԶ
½˹߷һۣĻĵǸۡ
֮ķΧ̫ԣƢؿڣûϵҺͰȻѣѾһûعˣ㲻֪
ͷ룬Ȼͼ𣿡
ԷͷЦ¶ײдš
֪ͼ಻ϲ½֮誵̬Ⱥ˲٣ĸ˺гسһٷ
誺һרҵ߳ʳ֮ҪԷֿˡ
ҸϣϵʱרҵҪᣬڶ쿪ʼʽϿΡ
ȥÿµĲٽ֤֮ߴȥϢ
Ļ΢ԥһǿ˿ڣĻ̫ãҪҪȥס
û룬ܿҡҡͷ
סͺˣҪͬѧѽϰߵģĻҲûô
ϲԼ̫ȴԼˡ
ǰýһЩѣΪ֪ԷὫеƫϡ
ô˵ֻõͷǿĩûβæʱͻȥҵʱóԵģҪʲô˵ģдռǱϣ˵
ſ˵һĻһ㶼ŲģЩЦá
˻Ҫ˵Ļϣ֪зִģģȥɡ
˶ߵУſˣ˻᲻뿪
ԣֻض˵ͷ
ĩټˡ
Ӧ£Ⱥûע⵽˵ļ򰴵ͣһϡ
Ĵһ֣໹ûӦͼ޵ЦŶԼ֡
ĩ
Ÿձ׵գ𴽣ĩ
תѧУߣӰڹսٿ󣬼ųѧУ
Ӿдѧſ˹ûлؼңųҵķȥ
ǰȥһΣЩӡ
վ̨˳ߵסͲ¥ǰȥż¥˸̷
֪𣿡
µĶ̷ţ´һ飬ʵǣ
ЦЦԶݣձ˵ҲӦýһ̡͵˵ھÿɺˣͶ˵϶ܸ̰һݹ
ԣһĭڵϡ
úã
ҿϢͨȥǰΪⱻְˣûеطԸһһǮִִŵģʲôǮ֮ǰ͵µķӶȥˣһӶͲ¥
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ǧҵţȻǿ϶ҪǮȥ֮ͱܹˡ
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ôôǮ˵ǶҲеİ
ҡҡͷһ
˭֪
ˣСͬ־һȰǧš
ͷϵļ˴
ԭҪǴòˣɡ
û뵽˵ϼ仰ܹ콵ʶӹ֮󣬷ӦҪȴ˼תˣôжв
մֻܹ¼
ཫĴϢ֮̽˸š
ֻ֪ǽôǮ׻ȥˣѲɾֻճܾҲԡ
ѹ˵ҪǽǼ͵ԭѾߵ;ĩ·ˡ
Ȼˣһҵ±㲻ֻһΡ
üͷ΢΢˼Ӧİ취
һŴģҪţҲҪǴȥ
صҺ󣬼˸ཫ½еµ״ż½ͷźسǵʱ䣬˸滮
ؼʱгҹɫѾˡ
˸ڻˣš
ŸտͷȻӦѾѧУˡ
̾һˮϴϴ쬵ıﶼ˯š
ǽͷϣƵ˯ˡ
¼ҹڼҴ죬ĻƵģܲӦҲ˿ѧʱ䡣
ԼرĶʰã˼·ЩǮŹѧȥ
ڶʮһ͵ʱѧǻеӹ̣־ԸʱҲûѧصרҵ
˻ѧĻѧרҵ
ѧרҵյѧ࣬һ࣬ÿʮѧ
䵽ᵹҪĺһЩޣĵǺ;дѧûʲôͬˮúͲǹġ
ȥʱ磬עǼǺлѧĺ⣬ԼѧУŵ·ȥ˲ͷƱеŪ֮Ѿŵˡ
ߡ
絽ģѡ˸̵λãĴ֮ʼʰԼ
ֻһѵŮһͷһСԲЦʮϲ*
һţ۾һк
ãǶӯ
΢΢һЦǼࡣ
ռ棬˵Ļ̫࣬һֱʰ磬ӯ֣ддļ࣬һȥʳóԷɡ
ûоܾʳߡ
챨ʳõ˲٣ЩҳҲڣԭɢȥ١
ͶӯŶӴ˷˺ܾòҵһµλá
һԷ˵Ĺϵ٣϶ӯԸ飬һ߳Էһ˵Ա˴˴ŵ˽⣬ǰ֡
ڻȥ·ϣӯһſ˼ϵĽָ
۾΢΢ɴѹѯʵ࣬Ѿж𣿡
ҲʶָϵĽָָ̫ߵ˶䣬һָڲϣ·ڵ
뵽˼ûŵ𴽣üĿ˼繵ᣬԭȵ嵭˲Եƽ׽
͵ѾˣӣҰ˾ھдѧͶ
ӯĴ΢΢Ŵ󣬾бϪΪһЩҲһЩޣ˵ӵҲûжྪȡ
ֻǾüᵽǰֳĲЩһܰӡ
ţӯԼ˸Ĵָĵؿ޵޿
ЦЦҲ˻ȥ
Ҳ
˵ͻᣬ˵Ʒȥѧ罫룬һ춡ӯвȱģ֮󽫶롣
ѧ˲٣ѡŶӶ˲ʱ䡣
Ŷصʱ⼸Ѿ½½ˡ
ں˵ŻĶӯ󣬽ӹԼĶл
࣬ǶǮҰǮƱ㡣
౨˸Ǯ
ӯ໥ܣǼ࣬ˡ
࣬ǿΨһᡣ
ס
ղŽŵʱһſʣһ컹û
ʱ٣˰һʰСʱ㶨ԼȥʳһԷ
һٷȥ˵Ƣ˸š
ͦദģ⡣
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ʱ˸ǰλ£ŴӦҲ㣬ڱʼǱдŴѧļƻʱѾĵʼͿһ
ʱһѾˣ룬㿪ʼУУͼ˵һ飬ָ˵һ黯ѧ̵רҵĿͿγ̰š˷ʽǿһɡ
˵֮󣬲ûɢᣬҪɲѡ
ŸɲͼûйϵΪû뵳
Ȼڵһţİá
ȵѡ೤ʱ򣬼űΣӯͻȻ˴֣С࣬ʦ㡣
̧ͷͰζߣһʱЩΡ
վڽ̨Ͽüͷʵͬѧʲô֣ղһֱͷڸʲô
ࣺ
ڵʦǰѧһֻ۱һֻ۵ʦҪ󲻴һ
վǻԲʦҸղдɲľѡԸ塣
ӯĿżʼǱϻŵĻˣǳ˳顣
˵˵ĸһ
ԣεüͷɣʣ뵱ʲôɲڰϻȱ೤ĸӡ
ࣺõʦ
ƹվ˽̨μûǱӣֵĸӲ𣿡
¶βʧòЦ˶ӯһۣԷĬĬѱʼǱϡ
ʦѾˡ
ûٿڵĻᣬϱԵľ飬ͿʼԼơ
ҺãǼ࣬Ҫѡ೤ͦƢУŮʲô¶ҰæԸĻͶһƱԸҲûϵڲ롣
ǧͶƱ΢ЦĿʮֲһ
˵ص˵ͷ㿪ڵüͬ־Եΰ೤һְĻ;ͶƱ
ǰŮӶ࣬˶ӵؾ֡
ȼ˵ЩʲôİУ൱ǻİ೤
ೢʦҿ̫ܲо顭
ΰ˰֣˭о飬ѧɣˣȥɣİɲҪѡء
ĬĬصλϣ黹ղһ޵䵭򶨣ֻд˼ֵꡣ
üƻһʧܡ
ӯĬĬļʾο
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󣬼Űΰѽ̿鷢ȥ鱾ǸԻᡣ
ʮͶϵˣ˻С˵Żڴûв룬ܵĿαЩ
ʱѧϿογֻ̽һϢʱ䣬ܻᱻѧϰռһ֡
ѧרҵ϶Ŀγ̰ҲճϿ֮⣬һܲεʵҪ
ţ;Щͷۡ
ȥҲãҲҪôġ
ɼԿҵ棬Լѡõרҵζúѧ
ڰǰĳ|ʵǣȻͬһУŻ᳤ʱ䴦ڡ״̬
ţ̾һ
ȴǱӯǲ׽ˡ
Сʣ࣬Ҫ˯𣿡
˳Ӧ˲䰲
˸ԼܹĴ򴰻ۣʼ˯⡣
ڶ쿪ʼϿΣѧҪܲ٣ٺȥԷĿγ̴ŵţڲͬĽתԷǳʱӦ
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żǰʼǣӯʵ࣬㲻𣿡
ཫϵص㹴ܵС
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ԣŮ׷״Ӵ´Ҳʼϰ
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һʼ˯ţѧϰԺĬĬһ飬òʱҲˡ
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㶵ͷֹʲôʱȻˡ
ֻжӯˣֻӯڷֽѲ֪
Źص˼ңĳ軹뿪ʱһЩʧ䡣
ôû
ʰã˵ԡ
Եһ룬⴫վ
ﰵ˼ѵǴԿˣ
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ȵȣ
л˵
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е£ٸ~ȡд࣬ôô
лͶӪҺл۶ղ
ԤգԤգղһɣ˳ԿϵⱾϢһݾͻῪ

117



117 

Ķ,üԼ˵Ļᡣ
ֻ˵ڻɴ,ӦǺõò,һ㶼ûмסһθĽѵ
ʮֲҪؽԼּ˼رյŷ֮,żĶ󣬸Ƶһ¼
ղűеûЩ,˵,Ժһ
ȵڻ˹۾һͿ˼౧ޱضԼʮĵѹһ,һˬҪԼ֣ڵ
ǸŮϱϴε֪,㲻ΪҪ㿴ú˵˵в
ϴ˻ͦصضԼ˵ûʸҵţڲǼȥƤ,ʼȵؽŮϱˡ
ϧ,һףϾֲǱϵĵ
ǰ˲Ǹͷβˡ
ཫŴ򿪣,ھ͹ȥ
֪ĵ,ȻҲ֪˵Ĺ²ʲô,ûҪ̸ȥ,Ҫ˵޷Ǿǵ¡
ԭΪһûЩ꣬еǱﶼﲻסʮֳˡ
ŲӣǹŲԺ뼸һҲߡ
Լķ򿿽ǰαľ͵ر۾ٶ࿴ȭͷһ
ٳûиܵʹ⣬ۣ˪ֽۣΡΡش󺰵ҡͣξǽǮģأҪ˵ҡ
һƫƫĺĺ
ãҪԼûطĸҳ
죬ߡ
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಻ΪҪ˵Щʲô
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119



119 

,ֵļһۣи꾯վ⻰ɲ˵û֤ݣ֤֤ʵ
ͼ˵ĿɲʲôС,߿¹ش,һǣһϵе,ҪȥЭͬ顣
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ڵʱԵĶ,Ǽʲôʲô,Ȼˣ϶ҪһٷʢͺúѧУææµµš
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ҪϹ֮󣬴Ҽһʱ伸ڼè,Ҫô,ҪôҴš
ڼȥѧ֮ǰͰżһ̨ڰ׵ӻװϣ¹֮úǿӣܹⷦƣͨӶ࿴˽硣
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127



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ŵĴӡŵ,ԭƮƮûʲôС˿̼ȴоķصѹϡ
ʱǿƲסڸԵ޺ܿ챻ʪ,ëѹ,һˮʵؿ
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⼸,㼾ʵҰæĹʣ½ÿ¸ԴԴϵ͹ķֳɶ١
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ھҲշżûжãǼ˻Щȡ

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֪಻ˣֻܹǿԼҪ롣

ֽһſӽ⿪Ҫ漾´۽⿪һֲֻⴥһȴƿ
ܵԼأûһ䣬ʶؾò
ʶڣң
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лͶӪҺл۶ղ[èͷ]

132



132 
ô
˯е˶뷨Ȼ֪,УܾﾡǾȻðһ߽
ܽؽ㡭𡢱ˡ
ٴԼûӡ,ŵǽͬһȥԷĶ
֮,ŵǱ˵֡
򴽿ż,Ҫѣĸֵһһ
ɸչڴ,ָļ,ջ֡
ղѵ⡣
ܲסġ
ԣϣϥǴؿŴ⣬֪ʲô
-
ǰһȵ̫,𴲵ʱؿڷͣͷһŷϴŵ·֪ʲôʱ򱻽⿪˿,¶ɫ¡
˯һҹҲѹؿڷơ
һʱЩֹ˭˯Ű·ˣӦòɣĻðҲһ˲Ŷԡ
룬ΪԼ,˯ʱʶؽ·ӽ⿪ĿԸ
ȵ̫,ҲûкѾͷεĲ񻰣ʱ,ûס,Щ¡
,һ,չ˳ĻԺƾӦûһЩ˵ԺԲٺˡ
ƾªϰԺҵǿ֮һʱǱϳ
ϹһҹͿľ϶ʱ˼
Ҳ̫ˡ
վʱЩͷΣӲǿվȣһӹϴ·˷䡣
ʱ䣬ѾϾŵˣûڿӰ鷿飬·ȥϴ衣
˲СʱĽһľɾ֮󣬼Լϵϴζصͷ
ﻹ緹֮Լ˱ˮֻصվӣȷȾ֮ûбȥ鷿
鷿ţȴû濴ˣЩ֡
ѵ
صңûˡ
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ǵǰƵľЦеͬ־ҽˣԷ
岻̫鷳Һ𣿡
˵֮ҲûסЦйһ˿Ц⡣
ֻܼװʲôûСڵغŹ
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ɱ֮󣬼ཫۼҲͣۼ۽ëǮһС
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רŵƷзʵңҲÿ¸ֵ´͹ֵۺ졣
𽥲죬ԽԽ
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̯ĭƿóһϱݸ
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лͶӪҺл۶ղ

134



134 
װȹ
,
ǰŮ˴أָΪͱӴ÷췢ף崿ûʲôѪɫ,,СһЩ,ھ˪Ⱦβȴǰơ
Ҳڿĵһ۾Ϥ,šü,źͼ˶˺š
һ̧۾ͿѾʮһˣȴʱƫiݾʱ,˼ᣬƯۡ
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ԣҪ취׬Ǯɡ
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칫ҵͻȻ죬ع

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˵ͷ˿ճռ䣬ܿ˰칫ңŴá
칫һŴ͵С˳ֽзϣʱſ˼ϵĴţһ־ޡ
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ڼʵһ㣬˵˾ֻ߳Ϊżࡣ
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135



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ڰ³๫˾֯зŶӺͲŶȥձΪ߲ιۣ˾Ʊȫʳޡ
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Է˼ҪڨɫЩá
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Ȫʱһվƣ÷ƣŨǵһҲûȣȵϡ
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Ըˣ˵ĻƮƮģ;ܵȫԼʮŴ
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