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ţȥǷţЩָ׳ǽ
дţ㣬ĺϲ㣬Ը⣬ҵŮ𣿡
Сӷ˰ɣ֮ǰҲúõԼ⡣
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֦پ䰲ûһЧ
̫ˣһѹȸС
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Ǻٸ˵ļͻȻ˵ѸٰҴλɢ
Ը߸˵ʲôҡ
ûסٴηЦŸ
Ⱥ˵żţһ
˭֪λȻЦˡ
ϲң
㶣ʶڸ˵
šʹͷ
Ůѣ˼𣿡
ԡ
żЦζ룬ֱɵˡ
Χ˶ˣһһѿ
Ŀɢأһ
֦أ֪ΪͻȻתߣӱܻʲô
û˼
ͻȻû£ȻûȻˡ
˦
Ƿİɣܡ



5 ȻǽãǾ͹Ҹ
ϡ
С򣬳Էˣ֣诺
̫Ѩ߳򿪱ţͳһƿȪˮ
˵ٴˣٺģ¶ۣ֣诱ʢ˵
¡
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֣诽⿪Χȹ£лֱ˵
˵кӸˣ
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ô룿
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ô룬ҶûȤеĸûȤ
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ҭںĻǣŮûȤ
ɫģŮҲûС
ȻҴ½ҵԸ˽⡣С̸㿪һ㣬Ҳԡ
ҵԸҲ˽⡣̸ûȤ̸
֣ûмһ⡣
СʦסڣӦ֪ɡ
ͷķûӦ
ȥˣǰ˵ʦθͦģҰæŵ˵ȥҽԺǲȥ
ȥҽԺ
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Сڹ𣿡
ˣûôУҾˣû㽻

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ÿһ֦ͻʹ޴һֹĳʹУѪ⵽裬鲼ϲ˵˰̡
ϲ֦Կӣٶһ㣬۸˺ǺٵغǺƽ־գۣѪܵأ̬أԶ˰̣ǷѪҺ
Ϊ׽ãǵѪһ
޹ǹ⣬ѪҵѪڣϢ
ȻǽãǾ͹Ҹá
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лл㣬ιҺࡣ
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6 
Ϊ֪ϲԲŻιҪ۸
Ϊθ֪ιͲԡ
ҪϴԣΪ
֦ĳֻֿǴಢûз̫仯ӵĿξӡ
ѧУֵһ̨
̣˷רעؽ˸ˣ׼سĿײžһƯһ塣
򡣡
ǸһĨЦˣתɳ˵Ů˿ȥɵش˿̡
̨ϰ壬䣬ϼŮ棬µĺۼһľƣΪ˴Ǵݲȣһʱͦġ˽⣬֪֡Լˡ
ָл
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鲻ã
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𣿡
е㡣
ü
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š
ʱ䣬½ڿΣҲˣԣʮӵʱ˵һ˵ôֵġ
Ҿһ㶼ϴŵУȷʵÿ챳̨ЩһֺܲһҲ֪ôݣ㱾Ӧһƻ̫ˡ
ЦüҲ
˵𣿡
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߲ӰͶ䵽վԶԵ֦Ǻżܹڴͦظ
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ֻأ޿Ӷݡ
·һεĲɿصǣ㱻ǰߣЩСѵúܸɾĶﶫᣬƮζ̫ˣҲŪˡ
·ȴ뵽ȥ·ӡ

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СҲýҪ㣬ҲʦԼ㣬Ҿ֦֦еˣе׷ˣԸ֦ȥ𣿡
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ҿһۡ
֦Ծ˱չ˵ԾЦЦǾδˡ
ѽ̨øԾ
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лл
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̫˰ɣĿⶼÿնˡ
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ŤȥĲѾʹԾѾ˺ܾõ⣬֦֣ǵԾ߬ĺӡӻûʧ
Ǵ˳ˡ
ӡӣǱŪȥġ
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롣
ʶᴩȣԵǽϡʦصĸĿϬˣֻЦһһݺ߬ס֦ǵӡ棬й˺ۡ
ȫ硣
֦ѡݣûг룬۶ûС
ƽ˾ȫ硣



7 ʦҵ
֦ƤУ΢ĵˣǻӡӵġ
һΣһ࣬źü춼û
֦ûڹ
Ͽʱֻ۱ʡԷʱֻÿӡ·ʱֻý̰
ǵģ
ܿ
֪֦¶ġ
ʱѧУׯ£У԰һǵļ쳣Ŀһһ㣬һηԼĻܳأʥսµߣʦ
ȥĽѧ¥ϴ߻գڽѧУľη֮⡣
ѧηѧУη֪ʶηʦ
Ծżȱ©֦ûпӣÿζһѪָѧ񣬶ô޲ߵⶼӭж⣬ԵǿǴһŶ֪ʶľηһ֦һ㶼۸
˲Ҫη
ʦҵ
ͨʱ򣬾󲿷˻ѡ֣ǼǺͱ˶һļͶ֦ĿԽǾԽǺݡ
ȫ˶ھη֦ʱΪ䱾
֦ȥƽ˾ûеߵΪӴڻ
Сʱ򣬼ȥ֦°ڣŲ֦ˣƿţ½֦
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󱳿סˣüͷ壬˾ߴȺ֦Ծ
粢磬һ¡
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̨ϰæõĵԡ
ԾԸ⣬Ҳ𣬺ܻ峤ģʦϲ
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Ǿͽ֮жٳ޺͸ңڽߵˣýüۺЦˣͽ㹲һƿˣҲǱˡ
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ͷ˿ǣָߣ۵Ĺı̾ӣ̨Ҳ̯ƽֽһ˲Ҫ
ԾĿһУǹײʦģ̫ˣȻһǸûС
ԾԲƽʱЩͬѧⲻ֦ˣҲµˣֱȥ
˭ʦ˺أΪδǲӦõô
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ôţκؿš
ԾܵһεѹȸУµĲȴ˿ĭ
ʵ̫ˣ˫עʱ۽΢΢һȣҪ˵߸ӵ۹̬ȡ


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ﱾû̫󲨶ΪСˡ
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ʦӦȥδûʲôԵĶҡ



8 ù⣬
μ䣬༶ͬѧȥ˴롣
Ծ֦İ칫һӣѽѧҵڰϣصλܺҪʪֽ֡
ָʣѽ
ʦġ
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ĽҲǣΪʦͷϲ㣬Ҳ֮飬˭᲻ϲԼõء
˵ˡԾѹɤ˵󷽿һۡ
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Ծ£ҲΪΪ֦ͷºͼӣѺõسһЦ
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˵ӡǣˣ治ʣ治飬治֪ô롣
Ծʾˣôȴװ
ͬѧԾҲ˽һġ
ֻǲм罻Ҫ룬û¡ΪʲôӦʾãƲԾˡ
¶Ծˣ¿
治ˣҪǿˣĶԾΣղȫ۾ûע⵽ԾЦˡ
ôġ
ȫ֪Ծ޵ĿʼӶӣԲģ֦ԾӵĻ档

ͳֻϣʶζûн⿪ûˣذѴǰͷ档
ʱŪ˺ܴĶ
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䵽ԾͲǻˣɫûļƣû׼йĲ
׳ǼȻѾȷϵˣඥ֣ģ׳ôԸʱ䳤ˣ׳Ҫ֣ϲ׳᲻ã˼Σû֡׳ƮˣĵŹģţֻҪ׷̾Ͱ˦ˡ
׳ǵСžţù˭
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ȥҹ꣬ûȥǼҡ
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ѽѧӤսŮӰ뵽ͬİ·ӱһŴվڽ̨Ŀȴҳ㵽޽㣬С󣬴Ӻڵף֦̽֫Ϊĳ嶯˼ǰÿơ
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˵һҪһزͷ
Թúޡ
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û䣬ƺֻҪ֦˵ʲôʲôͻһֱôȥ
֦½ﶼζ
ûÿͶԼ
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9 ʦͲ۸
֦ǿĻζԼʧ̬
ͨۿȡһ˿ôģҪһѧ棬Ƶ
ϣΪһΪʦϺ档
ڼڱڱ˿ĵط۸ԡ
۸
ֻҪܹѧУŹʲôԲ¥죬Լһ
֦ʲôԸΪ
ڲС
ﲻС
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֦ŵ̨߽ѹڼͷóߺùͬʦͲ۸ҡ
ĵһԳַ£ûΪ֦ͷݺȥΪԼҳһŵġ
ƣŶͷѾλõ·˾䡣
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طҲܺȡ
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ڹȻ֦
ǣҪ֦ߵߵն
ܹվڽ̨֦񱻿ʲôץţȻôĻš
һٶˣΥΪҪǱѲ쵼ץ϶Ҫҳġ
Ϊһ亹
ο꼶￴ˣȻҲѲһ۶ûУֱߵߣֻˡ
վκ
ĽңΪһ
ѧϰͬѧһɧϡ
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ܻpolo¡Ĵ
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侲ܳȥ˵𣿡
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δϽֱӾ꼶֮ǰһλӸһͿʼǵ¬ù̵ܽѧ֣һˡ
˺ԸþûԼܲõѧѧķʽǴͳϾһףҪôϻؼңҪôҳ
鲻ˣҲǳе¡
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⻹ǵһѧô˵
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֦˵ڽѵһѧûѧǰء
δͷοѧ
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Ծһվû֦
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ѹɶѵĻûб֦߲û֦ˡ
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Ĭᣬ콲ǶԶ˵ģ۾ȴǳ֦ġ
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Ǿ֪ûĸһǲΪһ˫۰ɣǸһ֮ϵİС
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ԽԽðҲ֪ĹѧҪԼİġ
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˵죬ʧְ֦ˡ
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ڴʱǰΪĻۿ֦ٸκξ
ͬѧŶ䣬Ѿ͵ܾˡ
λûʶ˵Щж಻ʱˣʡ
֦ûٳĬΣǲи᣿
룬ˣһš
Զԣȥ׼
һϰԵ°ס͵ѧס뿪
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֦Ϊ¼Ϊ嶯ѧУǵ¶ҿ
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ſˡ
۾ⶼûзָ֦
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10 ĸԹ⻷
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ԥ£ͬ˻ȥ
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Ϊʦܹһʱ¸ԼǳΣôܲܡ
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ģ
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ǽãעҪһ˸һġ
֪ãְ֡
˵֦ʱ֦ѲݣΪСǸŰְģԾܹ֮ͬܡ
ԾǸúӡ
ʦԺҪﲻˣ𣿡
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еˣ֦ţţһһЦԴĶԴȴ֮*ġ
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ðɡ
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Сſ֦ͣʱ䣬ʮӾ͵ʮˣҲ֪ôˡ
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֦ᣬԾҲûٶ˵ġ
ݣ̧֦ۿ֣Ծ
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εغ˿
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ԾģеǱֱȥĨ
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Ŵ˲䣬һӰѹ˽
֦Ծľʮܡ
֦ˣü٣س濴ȥ



11 
ͷͣմȴԤл᲻֦ˡ
Լ˸ɡ͵ǺˣӲˡ
ģȻһĻ
֦Ծ󣬺úܽţ֮סĳĸ֡
ǲʶãôܣô׽
˫۳ſְŵţҧгݵؿ֦
С
֦뺰С˼ԾڣͰûҭ˻ȥ
֣ȫ
һ㶼ᡣ
ȲסˣǺ
Ϊ֦Ա˵׽Ϊ֦ղһ
ڷǳǳŭŰһ𣬾Ͳһйˡ
֦Ҫ֡
ֻչԾ֡
ӣһ̵̲סˡ
ֺ֦õʱӦذƿ
׵
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˺üҺԾ§סļ磬Ȼˤˡ
ʦ
Ծ֦λڻ˵ݡ
Ծûи˵֮ǰϲֻǾ̫ˡڣ۶뿴˾Ǹķӡ
ôôʦ
§֦֦ÿˡ
ʦ
֦ʹļ磬ҡͷֵͷԾ˸Ứ
ӣʵ̫ˡ
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ǽվڶ濴ǣƵغһ
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вɣʦôˣһٶ۸ͿʦƢǲǣƾʲôʲôʸ񣡡
·ЦЦ
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ϾѧҪñ֪УǸΣ˻ô롣
ͱˣֺγҪԻ١
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Ծƾʲôƾ
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С򣬿ԣҡ̡
СҪҲԣֻҪ㡭ͺá
ϣԭ½ѧУ㣬ԭ½ˣԭ½㲻ˡ

֦ſ˯ŵļ᲻ɿ֣ܾúܾá
Ծٴ
֦ͷ촽˼ͷ
꣬Ρ



12 /Ľʦ
˯ˣɡ
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ķɫѹ֣źڣûʲôڼյģÿ˯ĵطôá
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æ緹֣诿ˡ
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13 ҿ
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֣û˵ѣҹȷģ֮ǰ˯ȵļСʱ֦粽չߡ
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׳ͬĵòɺ
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14 
֦֪ѧˣûȥ
һǾȥңᷳ
ǿոȿȣʵθۡ
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⼸죬ϹҪôҪôǷţܻЩʳĶҾͲµӦö緹ģʦܳЩÿ춼磬Լպãһݡ
⡭
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15 һ
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ллҪ
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ܣǰ˶û룬ײˡ
ϴּ侵ӣȥһƽȵ
ôãͻȻŭѹȥˡ
ˣڿԼˡ
סĻͲ
Уͳȥ



16 
߹񻨵Ĵ߸·
ƿǰţһۿ¡
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Ծûȥкǵ֦Ŀǰ״̬˵˵ϣܷһ㡣
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ԾѾʹõ棬ϻִٵض֦˵ʦвá
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ԣȻ˭ӼǾˡ
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ڳֵDJ˵̫ˣ¾ɣٺˡ
ؼҵģҪȵ𣿡
һﻵˣɷɡ
ƤɨΧļеģʲôģ
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ʹʹɫǼеˣ§żļ硣
ˣ´βӦ㣬ŮģʲôʦƯŮģ𣿡

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ôһ䡣
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վ
úúã䲻䡣·
֣һǰߣԶ½룬ںڰ۰׷ʬĿն




17 ֻҪǼ㶼Ҫ
㣬ǸŮġ
ɳȥ˹ػ
µһۣС

еĸֵ˵ֲ꣬½ֲ˵ǰͲ֪עЩñܻĻʶûС
ǽžܳȥ
⿴ۡ
֦ʱʱż⣬ƺϥȹϴˣ峺ãҹѵúܡ
·ߵһһŮǰһ뻹ŭյػԷڣҪаѵָúԥͱԷһ
֦һתͷȻؼҪֿţָԥȥ֤ˡ
̫ˡ
֦̫ˣ̫̫¾ˡ
ЩʱУȾͷų⡣
ڲͬĶ˶ˡ
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Χ˿Σڳ֦ƽûæģ͵͵ֻͷ׼֦
һҵķӦӹɹŲӣˡ
֦޲
֦һξ룬㰲ȫ
͵͵קסȥæˡ

ҲǸУȫ״
˵Ҫļ
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ǣǸ缸һģˣ˵´λǡ



18 ʦ
ţķǳԼֵ´ı
⼸ģһ֦Ͼô
б䣬СŻʲôң㲻
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˵ûʲôģģˣҾͰǶˡ
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СһΪô˵Ҫ˷½ӻ
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ĻϽ߿ֲʡ
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š
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죬Ծ˵ʦˡ
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š
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˯ú磬ʵҲûԭƵǶƴģ˵Ŀ棬
ҹؼңȥҹˣ裬ԣ֮ǰǺͶ˵ĸû𣬹ĸҲˣʦȥҹˣ㶼֪ж¶Ӿộ㿴ƽʱߵģ಻ʳ˼̻Ƶģװģɣģ棬üء
Ծȥˡ
ˣҲģҾ֪ʦôˡ
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ȥģʡ
Ծ˿ſۣò״һȥҼ

Ծ·վڵƸߵʥˣüȴźޣҪʦָ



19 Ҿǰˣô
Ծҵڽļ
һȺˣڵس߹ȥԻҪΪʦͷ
ƽûж֦
ֻ̧ۣ治ɫǣֻ
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ʦô󣬾Ϊ֦Ϊ˱ģҲֻԼˡ
뿴ǵͷȻƴƱ˵ûСҲǡֻ᡹ܹ

ڴĿڸ߼
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͸ǵĶ񣬲𴩣΢ЦԼ
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Ƕʱ֦վڽſڣ˸޵



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֦Цȥ۽ǹ̵ˮ



21 ѪŨˮ
1999Ķ,ºһ۵С򣬴ֿҰƺƵɨ¥ֽӺüĴ©硣

Ӥѳ˯֦
̫,˴궳ϵ֡
ƣԵӤ,ϣܰ˯

ĵ,úĿᾭ¥ǰվС··ӿ,Уҡεĳϲú鶶
õĻ,ܼ񵽴ġ
ãɨһЩͲһ¯,Ҳñһļңůһ

֦࣬ˣѾǶ꼶СѧˣԼչԼ
ǸСһ,¶һ,ֻѽѽҪСѧչˡ

Сһÿ춼۾ɵúԲֺ,֦ܸʲô,Ҫ,һʲôС,Ŀ֦Сʱܻ,ǲǶЩʲô
ƽʱͦԵģ䣬΢㣬ҹҲҪޡ

֦˿򲼣û
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Ҩ̷۵ʱСģ΢һ㣬Ҫָͷһһȥ

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֦شǳ֦ͱˣɵСһԱߣıӰСһ
֦ڻ˻ȡů
ӶСһˣ֦¶ĽŶˣֻ໥һ䣬Ħȣ䡣

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ְõĻһǮǦѾ̵ÿղסˣֱѾʼûӵķˡ

֦ţֻһ
һɿܵߣһҺãƿڡ

ε̫ˣԷһǰƿýɡ



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ٺҲûϵǧˤƿܶСһ

ǲСһĳļ¶ȣ֦֪֩ͽְ֩ˡ
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Сһﲻ֦߬ŵָߣչ˿֦Ĳӡ



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22 һؼôʰ
겻ѽѽСһɰ,ʮļɰ

֦߳ˮйͨĵطЦջȥ

ϡϡɢɢѧԣǡ

֦˵С,ЦһЦɡ
Ѿˡ

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С,֪֪,Ƶֵж㿴õĵط,ĵطкܶ˫۾ڶǡȻԸϷ,ǾͺúȥҲ뱻˿ǰɣ

ֽ֦Ӳˡ
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26 в
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27 Ҹ
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28 ʩŰŰĿ
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29 ôŸʲô
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ʹһӶʹ

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Сòãлġ

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֦ԸҲǿ˳ֹĲӣ̽Լı

С򣬽ĺܰܰ㣬Ҷҵڳ㿴ģĶ㡣ҺܱǸʱòܵһΪ裬Ҳҵ衣һԾΪʦС磬Ҫ취ȥ硣

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ռǿҵҪҪֻˣһ˶С
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ڵ,Ƚ

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ʦһ¡
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˳ҵϴѧ̸飬ӡ

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Ҷʦ,Ҹûôġ

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û,Ҵǰ࣬Ҫ˽ѧǹѧϰ,Ҷʦⲻ˹ͨǺǳԵģڹ

죿ΪʲôҪؼң
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ǣһ죬סһ졣֦սսش

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һȥζҪѻԲ֦ûлͷ·ѡֻӲͷƤѻѻ˵滰
Ȼƭ˭ƭ㡣

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һһ㡣

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֦ĴԽԽ࣬ԽԽأҲ̲ˡ

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ϸĵֱ֦ͦıٶȹȥڼǰ΢Ǹ󻯳õĹâԼٵͼԸ
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Сʱ򣬱ŤŤȥþʲڡ㣬㵽Ǹϲãҡ

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˵ģһνãǰһԿİܲܰЩޣ
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֦濴СŽ㣬ԵģǿԵġ

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ʲô
ҰߣķʽŪ

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£ֻҪ㿪ģԸ⡣

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ˣ

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Сʵҡ

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֦԰촽ס½
С԰ɣòã

֧յ̣ͷβһģ۵ĺޣһ˿صúģίԹ
ˣ㻹ǲϸ˵滰𣿻Ҫ𣿡



32 һÿÿ
,ҶԲ㣬Ǳˡ֦ѻҧ
ǡ
Сûƭ㡣

ͷŤһ,ˡ

֦̹֡
ߣˮ

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,ٷϻ

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֦֪ӦøϽˮȥ,վˡ
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С㿴ǲѾúܶˣʼһ۶Ը⣬ڣǶӵˡ

ӵ֦Ͷͱ

סĴ̹ǵۣ鲻ȫۣЩ֦ķɨǴĸо
ֶ֦һ׵ľ룬ԥ߬ȭ
ûлر
ҲûӦƿˣѡĺߡ

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һδĿԵͶͱ˼޶ģˡ

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úȴ̲סһݱӻ

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İ

ҪһҺ֤ݣЩҹǵĺޣ׼֦ھͬھĳޣôһգۣ֦Ϥˡ
Ǹβĵ̣̫ˣŬŬȥòáЩԹԹŬŬºòá

Ǽһθ֦ᣬ⣬ӦҲһΡ
ǧٿ׵ģˤڶΡ

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֦ʾˡ
ţ֦Ľ顪߳ȥĳޡ
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󷽷ģ̹̹ġ

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Ҫ
ʱԡ
Ǽ룬ΪͻȻԼһ⡪ʵҲ֦ܺ*һֻ˵ķ䣬ֻǵ硣

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ǿҡ

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Ϊѽ
ˣȥȥѧУʲôϵ
֦ữΪ㡣

ʢû취Сʱһ֦ŤŤذȥѧУǲȥɣ
СΪʲôô˵㲻ס
ԾҪ㣬𣿡


֦£ҲʲôĴ𸴡

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˵˷³ޣãʵֻΪܹøݹ֦ܿɡ
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һУҲСδζУѡ
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̫ϡˡ

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š֦̹󣬸ֱϡ
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ֱǲš

ʧصռʽ֣ÿһڣ˸еϢĿƺ
ڿʼһÿÿ㡣ǵϰߣ㡣



33 Բ
֦Ҳͦ,

ǣһ·֣ſڡ
̧ͷǣ,ɿ֦֡

˿ûν
ֻһ˿
û,Ծ

Ծűʵ,ס
֦ǣ֣÷ۡ
֦,ܣ쾭塣
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ڰԾ
˵жǿ,ֻʶǿĶĶ˿һۣ,
֦ġ˽
ǰ,ǣԶǡ

֦ôܿף,Ϊʮа˾Żᷢ,ǰ

ԾѶԸ,ѶԸ
м,ѡ

ܿȥˡ

ѧİ칫ҡ

ź첨֦
ʦ,а취ǰһԾѧѧϰμ⣬ٽ߿ȴˣΪԾҲҪˣϧòС㺰֮ҽΰ༶ÿζѧÿˡİǷˡ

Լо򡣡
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дҵ֦
ǰҶˡ
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֦ŲԽԽԸ֮ǰһĥڣĥʴӡ

һ˫֪ķԲԣ֦ġҳ϶ȡȷιϵ֦ǷԸΪЭ

֦˳ӣͬʱζţӴԺ޽Լĵߡǣͺϣܹǹϵĳԣۡ

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šǽȥ

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̫ŹˣȻЦˣðɣ㲻Ը⣬Ǿˡ

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š

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ţ
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Իҵ֦΢΢ֱӵĶľѹȸС
˯ҽûвӦɣ



34 ã
Ҷ˹Ϳ֦,ͣûһ룬͸Ĭˡ
ת۶Լ˵ţͦõġ

ҲǺúŪĲ,ߵǰס֦ۡ
,ҽ˵ΪǰΡҼǲ,Ϊǰôţ

Ҷ˹ƽգۣһûš
ǰκȶ,ңΪ˶,ϣȥʦסˡ

ûǰԹʣҶ˹ֻǿ֦һ,һǳ˵ȷ𰸡
ж˽֦жථ

Ҷ˹˵ģ֦˵ģȫһ¡
һ㻳ɣˡ

Ҷ˹ߺ,°,󣬡㣿
ͻȻζһ֦ŵӦ

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֦ŵ,,ҪȻ,ȥԣ
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˿,ѻ˵극ȥƵ꿪

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סˣ˯һ˯Ƶ꣬㣬ôֱø򣬲һϵķѣ᲻Ϊҳ˰ɡ
ǣֻǡ
ģʱ׼ġ
Ǻͷشϣ᲻þˡ
˵ϣ֦ûʲô˵һϰµģӦˣãȥסƵꡣ

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СӢܺõģΪʲôôͣ
𣬡Ŀ̫ÿ
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С֪ΪʲôһֱôӢѧϰ𣿡

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ܹǮˣҪҪǣѧûи߿ѹˣ

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üһšأ

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֦ͬãŽԼеǳҲ֦ǾɢİȥԼķʽ
ԵúܡԼ֦ЩԹԹ
֦Ȼˡ
淴һӾˡã㲻𣬲İȥԼ
ҲԸ

ġΪǡǷҲ֦Ϊǣ¶Լݳ谮ܹάһĲ￴

ΪʲôǱͱ˾ǲһŭʱʱ裬ӣһĿĻС

ǱӢ飬һҳһҳ˺ˣ㣬ΪҴˣˣҲϲ߳Ǻܺãһ
ߵ֦ǰ˺ϸһҳ飬һ׾룬ﵽ֦ϡ
֦ĲʹǧŤڼҵޣʼ˷ܣЦ׹񣬡

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Ϊǰɣ㡣
֦ǰһԹң
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ˡ

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š

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ڶģ᲻ῴ
ҪЩģ

ҲܴؼˡؼңסᣬԡĻҿԴ绰ھƵ꿪һ䷿ֱӹȥסͺá

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ԥ룬˵ǣĲȥĵط

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֦ͷһ˼ҡ
ʲô

֦һһǣס֣ӭķķ磬˵ؼ֤



35 㣬װ˭
,Ҵˡ
¹֦΢㶵*û
Ǽһ¾Ϳˡ

㾭ȥ
˭һȥģ
ȥƵʲô
Щ֦ʵġÿһ䣬ʡϧ,һʽˡϰˡЩ꣬ó谮޶,޷ȥȥʵǸ,

ǽȥƵ꣬˼󴲷
λķϤú,֦ϸϸĦǣζؿ˼һۡ
С,м¡ôһ˲䣬̹ףԾ

ֻһ,һΡ
˵ʲôֻ̧ۣպô򿪵ĵݡ

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£־жӣĵƹһ,Ҳĥ͸Է

֦һһʾ,΢ʧظʶ̧˫,Ҹ֧š
Ȼ,类Ӻס岽,ȵ
ճ󱳣ĵĺʱе
һըˡ

֦ƺǶѾ߳ݵµĲӰʶģٶۣΪĪĶָȹ̽ĵ·һһסϸ壬֦һ㱡롣ĵط

֦ҧ촽ָ鲻Խ

䵽Ǹϸ´֦ץİ䣬̧֣Ҫֹټˡ

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ȹӺ͸ղеһֱڶ㣬ܲһõȹӣ𣿡

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֦ΪѵһʱǸĲС򣬽ȷʵкܶ಻õëҵʱ䣬ġ
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УҵУ㴩
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Цḡš

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ŮԱߣҷǴϹ۾

֦ڽţͷģҵûкúñԼ᲻ΪԼǮңǿĵģС飬ҪʵʵģҲʲôҲҲܣһºòãһ磬Ҿͻؼһ·ߣȥҲԡ
˵̵ģҲǸٶȣ첻
ԽԽͷȥʲôһ͸ģ
֦Ǻҵ·ֻǱˣе·ǿԵġʵҲÿһ͸
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˵ˣҵģԼ°ڣҪѣѾõϡ
֦ΰƣظ½קС򣬱֡

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Ҳί֦᲻ΪԼǮ´ΣҪֹܲס۾УԼֲڣô졣
֦ú˵һһ֦̫ˣ̫ˣͨڣûκνչĵǱĥòʣһ㡣

Сֻһ޹ؽҪ¡֦ǲЩˣȻ᲻

ϢȣţôҪˣ
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ϿεʱѧǸеҲԼ۸˳ݣᷴ

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𶯡ְԵ
á
֦һ˳Լ

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⣬ҵǽϣ̫ˣֱֱ롣
һڽűߣһڴס

֦߬ȭۣǸ˼κβõɫȻЦûµģû¡
űһ룬ߵߣŷȥ壬ȥ첲ȥ׵һ롣

Ŭ̽ȥ첲ƣĺܿ

ӵأ󲽹ȥ˫־죬ҲҪٸһǮҪٸκζ𣿡
֦ѵòĻǽΨһıΪ㻨Ǯ׬Ǯʲô塣
أԼʲôˡƲˣʼƮ㿴㴩ģʲôʲô
֦Ĭ
ɿشҡ

֦ͷµĺӡ

תĨ˰۾һѼ߹˵֦ڴϣһȥȹӴǰ

Ǽģ۾Ҳǣʧǵغһ˿ɥӸµؿ֦

֦ģҲģؿṴסָСĵ㣬ģԼ



36 ιС
˦,˶Ҫʧͱأ
֦ȹһ˳ż䣬ڵز,ҡ
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Ҫ뿴,Լ֣ò֦Ц,һ£ɱıɱ,ǲһġ
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𣿡֦Ҫü°,·
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ͷشӿ㶵ͳֻһäĻһ١Ĳֻͷֱֱ֦ÿһ͸Σյźš

֦߬װֻİء
ҡ
СɲԲҪҵֻ֦һżܵӡ
ҡղᣬ֦ˡ


ֲ֦˳ӼĴ۾ǡǰһƣ֦ڱȺĴһһ䣬һɢϴˮ㡣
֮ϴűϷŲΪͣڲصİţˣĺܻ֦ȡ
Ŵʡ
ָ֦һȦһȦһͷźԵҪģԼþͺˡ

ǲΪĽã⻰ĺ߸档ȻСˣȷʵһ˲䣬ˡ֦˵ϳԱһˡ
ȻڣŸ첲֦һ롣

۸ˣ·һһ飬ûһ͸ź졣ô׾ߵĵ
֦˫ֹסżڴϹ˰Ȧһ𣬼ҪþȨһأ֦û
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֦ϼУֱţǰֻȥղͨδ硣



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ʦ,ղôûҵ绰ѽ
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֦,Ҳ룬̫㡣
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֦ݣŲһ١
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,֦ǶԾðΪʾ,Ծ,ʦĺޣҿ԰,Ҳһֱ㣬𣿡
ίԣԾ

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֦˲˼
⣬þһа취ȥƣ֦һ֦ǻˣһ޲ߣһηʧ룬ŵ绰ͷʦʱ
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ġ֦˵Ȼ
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֦գۺ˼

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š

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֦ǷһνģΪõţƭһǽ֮ķ䣬һŮ

С

ûлһ֪⣬һǡ



38 ֻ֣ʺ۱
ʲô۹,ˡ
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Ųʹسȥ

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λһΡ
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֦΢΢һ,岻֪ıúܽ,û֦
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˫־ٹͷ,,ĺ֦ĺˡ
ˡ֦롣

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ӣ̫ģΪ֦˵ġҡ
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о򣬼Źˡ

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ɡ

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һǰһС԰ĳȥڲü֦ҶİżͣһۣһĨȥǸδĺӣúò˲

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Խ㣬øһˡ

Ȼ
գۼĵ棬޲ؽ˽ҡ



39 Ӹ΢ţÿʱÿ̹
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¿ʱź첨תһȦдСڰϵ,͵ȥ칫֦ˡ
ѧУʦ칫ҲǰĿ֣ڼпĿʦһ칫,㼰ʱͨѧѧϰ

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ڿ֦տյλ֮
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Ҷ˹ͳȵȰ֮𣬡ʦģʵͦ۵ģۣҲۡҴ㻻һǶȿԹߵĽǶжں㣬ԣΪˡ
ЦͷΪ
Ҷ˹ͷʣ𣿡
ֽ⿪һŦۣЦˣȻԹߣǾͰԼλãԲҺͽ֮䣬ˣġ
Ҷ˹ҲЦˣôƶ
š
Ҷ˹ЦԽŶǰһ仰üδɲ΢һΣһˣһֱأ

һ˲оתְҹ֦˽
һأֱӰ˼ȡ

ְ֦ѼɿǿŦϵϣС򣬽˵ܶѽŦۣ߹ġ
ֺȣָ⻹մűһ۱ʻҡ
͵ס̧֮ʣ۰ѿҪ㲻żȥϿ𣿡
ò飬ʦҿء
ȥزֱ֦ղΪʲôһ
Ҳֻ
ղŰˣʵ
֦ü䣬ʮӡ
˾ˣ㲻ҪƱˡУʲô
ѵ
Ҷʦˣְ㵥ʲô
֦˳ƽ죬Цǻ˵Ϊѽ
ôˣ
֦ס࣬Ȼǿҽ̵зˡ
ߡ
֦װһӣθտңͶҶʦ̬ȣǲеء
ԲҶʲô̬ˣ
šܲò
ƽʱġ
֦㣬ֲ㣬۸ңֻҪ㿪ġԳıˣһ˿һĲòأ֪𣿡
Ϊʲôأ֦˵һЩԼĻˡ
Ϊذ㡣

ذ§¹һߵૣ㣬ΪãеΪ𣿡
ʲôأ롣
˫۶ʱִֵռҪ֦ԼĹѪֱԽԽӵѾ֦ɸǲԸߡ
ԺҪҵˣȥˣǵøҡ
СѧУʱ򣬲㡭
ӿ㶵ͳֻֻţҡ
Ҫʲôѽ
Ӹ΢ţÿʱÿ̹㡣
ǹģǳ׵׵ļӡ
֦Ĳزһ롣

ƽ֦ԣָѹ˿ÿÿ붼еϢӵ
ϣվڽ̨εʱҲҪˣ㻹һãһÿʱÿ̶ڹá
˵ЦЦصʽĽҡ
֦ͷȿۣвУصͷˡ

һ߹

ű֦һļź첨ǳοѿ֦ˡ

֦ȼһңһŲ֪ʲôʱƮԾҪ죬Ծݸʱ˳ַǰϽ̨

һ֦˼һ˲ʵеԺֲԼյ㣬ǽ̨ǺһɹŴָѵĸоÿһʱ䣬ڴϵÿһϸڶ޷Ŵ󣬶˺ѵǰδеĴ̼飬˼һٴʶڻ봲ԽԽˣҪƿϵıˣȻһ룬Űط۱ʵԶžʾ˶ڽ̨ļ
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40 ã
Ϊʲôֶң

ϢǼ˵ʮַ,ʱ֦վڽ̨Ŀһһɨ̨ͬѧΨԹ˼
ڻܵһ,֦ʱ顣
Ҫٸһλᣬǻ,Ϊׯϵһֱصڶ,Ǻڰ壬ǰǽ,۰ͰѧΧûκζڻ,˷ϵ۵۾

ûжѽظ

Ͽʱ䣬Ϊʦ֦ڰ칫,òȻʵڸã׼ȷ˵ѧʦѧ,ΥʦϵĴ,ŽùϵĻӣ΢˵ԽԽԾĻ

벻ң仰֪ڼ顣
롣
ҡ

Ǹ֦Ҫٻ,۾źͼ,־ͿƲסش,,Ͽء¿ΣҾȥ㡣
á

ֻ֦̽,ֻû룬Ļˡ
飬ҿʲô£ֻ֣诵Ϣǿ˳ȥ

֣ʵǼÿ⣬֦ϸµػظˡ
ǰҲ֣请ϢûһΣΣ
̧ͷ⣬ɷ۾

ǰʦȻͷ˿֦ɫʣʦɫôô
ðɡ֦ش
ʦժ۾Ƭ˿·ڰԵ飬ղ϶ͷѽ

칫λʦ˵ûиͣĬص

˵ǵֶӽܸҡ
֦˵滰ȷʵΪ¡
Ըղֽң˵ٻˡ

ʦ˵ֶӣҼʮ˰ɣѽͷ˼ô˼Ŀڰ
ȨƾĵԸ˵ʲô˵µ˭
֦ЦЦ
ʦʣôİʦ

ֿ֦棬ʶã˫ֱֱضֻĻĻٿϢȻѹظһؾΥҡ
ʺϵģҿȥһ
źľƬܿʦ۾Źˡ
Ҷӣʮˣ˶ʿоҵģˣƷû˵̳ĺӲȥԸ˵㣬ûôӴŮӣʦƬȿһ۹ҪеĻо¡
ʦͰֻݹˣ֦Ƭ

֦˵ĲΥĵĻͽӹֻ
ģԣǸˡ
ͦõġ֦˵

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ʦЦúϲ£죬Ǽ֦΢ţžͰ΢Ƹˣʦע⿴ŵ΢ţҪǼ㣬ͬһ¡
֦üŪһ¡
תͷЩϽʦЦô档ֻûһƲѾļҾƵ춼ˡ

֦żʦ˵ǼʱĽʮϢƣüģеһ˺š

ţ΢š
ӼǸ΢ţȦӷǳɾ
һ

ΪʲôҪʦӵ΢ţӵȦӸɾ΢أ

¿λӣ֦ȥİſڣһ¿ξܿ
ȻȿԾ֦ûǰľͷˡ
ǳܣΪ֦˵ģѡ
¿һ죬Ծſϣֹһͬѧſȥˣ̨ʦʵڵͳ̫ˡ

֦վſڣ˵ĹŹ֡˼ĻҼˡǣҪǼҲܺһſȥ˯ͺˡ
ǰڼһǰ
˵޵ģþˣôء
֦һ죬º£Ϊĺܰܰá

Ҿס֦ĸ첲ѧ֦ûг鿪һżǰ̹̹ԴôأεĻ֮㹻շθݼ䷢ͳĶҩ
׽֮гΪĸ

֦׵ͷ鿪§úܽĸ첲
ʲôõ
ʵױȥ
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Ҳѡ
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ѾѹúᣬƮ˵β͸¶һ˿ͷ
ˣתߡ
֦׷˼

¥и༶½ڿΣ۳ҪϿˣѧ¥ܡ

֦ԭأԶԶżıӰ
ǰﶼչʾǽϹ؏Եۣ֮Ĺʣ޼òƻرİǿŵڣΪûа߽û硣

ȫģֻ֪ˣҸ֤һӶá
ԷгԹΪһ֦
ûнƵظ֦ϢޱĲͷ֦һεĲͷ

һֱڵϷѧ

ѧУϰ֦ҵ칫ңûпһˣ̻صңֻ뿪

ģ
֦Ĭ룬ƣظ˵ڼˡ
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ûü
Ҫǲ绰ǲǴһֱң
ǡ֦ʡ
ҡ˵绰

мӾܵң̫żˣ⳵Сſڣ³ܣܵſڣҵţԼӦһﴫ
ɵߵԼſڣֿζƮ˹Ǳ߿ȥ

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㲻Ծ
֦һ㶣¿ԼЦˣòûкԼ˰ɡҸ֣У˵ˡ
֪˵Ĳ
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Ӳǿ֦ʲô˵ԼȥţղԼˡ

֦æǰæںķȦһ룬ɢڲӺ档
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ܾ֦ڳǿܾ֦Цݱ󣬲ʲô
ߵ֦ߣȦҵͷ£Ĳ̵
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֦촽ͷ
ҿã㣬ˣԵġܸܲң㵽ôˣ
֦ҡͷһֱҡͷСҡ
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˵ˣûС

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ȵĹãȶ٣޷ƵĿ
֦̲סӿ߬Χȹ

촽ĽҪ졣

̫ˡĶԷ̫İһСģһǵǡ
ԨҲһ֮ң

֦ԼʧıԵס꣬ƫºһƫķʽҲ
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˵һʱᱬըըǴըҩ.װãȫ֦һƳɣһֲٿء֪ըÿһַ
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ãңҡ



41 ǿΣ
Ҳû뵽Լ֦ôص,֪Ϊʲô֦ˣ뵽֦װű,ͿƲסԼ
֦ռģİġ

İʵ,ԺϤǺ,κ˵ͷ
С֦
ֻΪһ˵ͷ
Բ𡣡֦Ǹˡ

֦չŴĿĵĺ,ǳǳһЦתæ,ǣһ͹ıǡ

һһڻӿܶǰĻ档ô,֦ûһࡣ
СʱˣȻ
֦ⱲΨһǷľǣʧȥĸסǣʧȥĸ׵ͬʱ,֦Ҳʧȥ˸ס

㡣

֦ͷ,۽ǹź֮ᡣǿԼᡣܹûᡣ
ģĲ

ȥ,Ҫ֦æ
֦Ӧܴ,Ƴȥ,ȥҾͺá

֦̫ì,üΧֻ˵תȴ¶᲻üǰ÷ʹ⡣
˵,곤øɸɾŪ
÷˾䣬˭ôУ
֦ЦЦţС

ӽΪԶ
Ϊ˷
֦벻ף̫ˣ

ſڣú󣬵㲻ΪûиҶʦǸôˣҲԲ꣬Ҷʦɡ
ð֦Ӧ÷ɿ졣

üԼǲǱһ΢΢ͷ֦˸ָ
֦תǵ࣬ţ
۲ۣġ
ۡ
Ŭ죬ˡ

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ûһ˻ֻҶʦ绰ٰҪҪҰ绰
ҡûֻţֻ΢š
ֻŶûУסʦǰھҵ˽Ҳͬ´һƬ

Ǳ֦ղһ¶ԥôʹʹӦҶ˹Էˡ֦ԥһ¡ǣԥҲͣסô˼磬ǸˣΣеҶ˹͡

СòǺ˰ɣ֦
˵ȥĻóȥˮ
ʲôЦôܻڡֻ֦װæӣҡ

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һЩֵΡ֦ڣ˯ͳúãһζû

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ѽ֦ȵ
δȫѣпһ죬ϸϸش

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ʱҪ΢һ㣬ֱ§ýһͻ

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С
֦˳˳ͷϣܾܿɿԼ
˭֪ûɿذС˵û𣿡

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ЦŪüӺ
ȴˡ
󣬷ذͷ̧һ㣬Ҫ
֦Ѽȥ˵˭ûҸһá

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㣬ߡƿһ´
֦ЦЦȥʱ˳ְŴˡ

Ÿʲô
Ҫңʲô

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ϸܵû֦һæ

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Ҷ˹ͳЦЦ˵ĻڿԳԷ𣿡
Ȼ

ѾںãҲѾֻһЩɿڵļҳСˡ
ۣտյĶӽ
ԲѧУʳáÿ磬ھͶԸȥˡϺ׶

ܶɺ˹ģǳԵ΢˵㡣
֦ԱߣûôԣһֱչвˣԵĸˣ֦Ҳˡ

Ҷ˹⣬ڿ֣Уĺգǡ
衣
ǡҶ˹Ϳ֦һֿۣһۡ
ҽ㡣
Ҷ˹룬¶벻׵ı顣
֦¿ӣЦü䣬֣У衣
ǣѧУ˶˵׽á
ǡ֦˵

ҵġ
ȥͲòˡ

ⷬǴǣûʶãȻЩ֪

Ҷ˹ͰֻϺŵ֦ǰĵ
֦ĸҳԣ˼һۣҺͷûȻӣӦòذ

֦Ҷһ٣Ҷ˹ƫƫᣬʦ㲻Ϻ𣿡
̧ͷֻ֦Ϻ׹ˡ
¿ӣƤЦⲻЦؿ֦˵ԡ
С򡭡֦Ϊѵؿ
԰ɣʦҶ˹Ӧǲ֦̿ΪѣǾĻԲ˹ǰʳãҿϺΪϲأ·ϣʵģҾֻϺ

⻰Բģ粻Բ

֦ձԽڿˣȥˮˡ

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Ȼûθڡ
Ҷ˹ӣ˵ҿ࣬Űֵһ㡣
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֦ļ磬ͷŤһߣ̡
ĵطҶ˹ֱ֣һ۵زȥ֦ϵĺ
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ȵ̧ͷ֦ɫָҶ˹ڿֻ
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š
ȥϢɡ
أ
ʰʰӡ
Ҷ˹ӣҺһʰ

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Ҷ˹Ц֪ԼȥֻԷġ
˹͡
Ҷ˹ֵŴһ

߹

֦Ĩȥͷĺ˰ɣС򣬱ˣȥϴ衣
ãҰ롭

̸Ҷ˹ʹϡ
ʦھӸղŸҷ΢˵ǰҼˡԽңٽסһ𣿡



42 ҪҰǰѵƹ
֦ʹɫ

Ҷ˹Ȩ,ѯʱò΢Ц֦͵ǲԸ,ת׸̡
ʦǲס,֪㣿

Ҷ˹ĲʲôҪ,ֻǽסһҪǲӦ,δԵ̫С
Ҷ˹;ͱ곤һЩ涼Ҫࡣ

뱻ȥ,ò׹һ˿ΪѵЦҵȻǺԸģҼҾ,費ڼңǼ䡭
ף͸֣Ук
Ҷ˹͵棬֣诲ȥ绰

ǡ
ġ

绰ͷ֣ӦʵĿǱжʹ죬Ҳ,ǿҶ˹,֣诵Ȼϣܶ߶Ͼ߳ࡣ
֣æҴҹ˵绰

Ҷ˹ûһһµ,𣿡
Ѱ,Ӳҫ˼

ԡҧгݵ˵
ϴ,Ǳ,۵ͷǺ뿪İ,͵һ
˹ư裬ʱ˦֦һ

֦ҡͷûĻ룬ź࣬ڴڱڴȦáϴһǳ£ȴûгһ˿飬ʱʡ㿴룬ǲԾϣݳ޵ܽһ㡣

֦һŽ񣬻ͷкµĵƹΧҶ˹ͣ緢˿һ㵭Ľ⣬˫к
˵Ŀڿн㡣
֦۵һ˿ȣ޴.ΧȹװûпҶ˹͵ժΧȹһԼˡ
ȻҶ˹Ͳƽ
֦޴ɶ㡣
Ҷ˹ľ룬վסˡ

˹ͣ㡭

Ҷ˹͸ղǲС֦˶ߣϾй龭ĹˣܿͰʰˣס࿪Ӷ֦󣬡һģ
㣿
ںܻŵʱ򣬾ͻװæӣ֦ڣһͷ̨ϵĳûа룬һ̧ͷĹ費Ҫٲһ

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Ǿ͵С˯˰ɡ
á

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Ϊ֦
Ҷ˹ͷ˴ԼıӰ
ÿһκţΪ䲻֪ʱ򿪵һС죬ŷӰ΢΢

ͷżڰΪһ֦һжôֿɵãһôɼìܵǵһŲ֮飬ױ⿪Ǳġ
۾֦۾塣
֦۾ʼ۾͸

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صǣ֪֦Ϊʲôÿζ֪ᷢʲôȴһһ

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Ϊ֦úֵʱ򣬲һݣӦĻ뿪ȷôģһ̧ۣײ˫ίۣ᲻ˡ
ҪҪĵ׼صǷݵµߣͨͨҪ˻һʱʱ̱̿ѡܻΪĳ˲䣬ΪǶԵĶӦӵˣһ뾭ѵϷ

ҿԽ𣿡Ҷ˹͵ѯʵڶ

֦һۣķӦ
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Ҷ˹Žˣǰ
ǡ˿һĻ޶ԡ

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ǡҶ˹ֹ

֦תͷҶ˹ͣ࿴һۡ
֦Ҳ֪Ӧ棬һ
ʮڲֱ֦Ϊӡ

Ҷ˹¶ı顣
⼫ˣذͷһ֦ͣļ磬Ҷ˹˵νģʱ׼ѧ

˭ûаѻԶԷˣôգѻĵװס

Ҷ˹͵ͷָǽǽ֮䡸ءȡůʽˡ
ʣë𣿡
Ӧûµˡ˵
֦һۣõӦʣŻشҶ˹͵ĻҼµģ˹Ҷʦȥðɡ
첻öһ£챻ˣҲվӡ

Ų󷽵֦ȥҶ˹ͶЦӦûûů͹ɣҶʦֲˣҶʦҲûסԼȥ¡

Ҷ˹룬У칫ңԼһڲ֪Ǻùǻ

֦εصͷǸؿҶ˹һۣǸҶʦëϴֳع棬µģԼȥã𣿡

СҶ˹ЦŴӦˡ
ҲĵģȻСԸ棬úһ档

ŸһŤҶ˹ﰵһ˿˵ĵŪǶ֦
ʦǶ٣ˡ

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Ҷ˹ظһ飬ˡסŰ֣ͷǣ´һЦЦҪҰǰѵƹ𣿡
Ǵ㵶ӵģҶ˹ЦüңҲûǻӦˡ

һ㱡ĺ죬촽þò˵

һŲſϣİָָ֦ʱ֦ڻǺȻʲô͵׷˳ȥ



43 Ϲ
ǳһ

֦վҶ˹Ѿȥķſ,˲㱡ҵţ̽Űء

ǵģһǳҪ¡Ծϰ,΢ţˡ
ղӲ,һӾ,ȻͿҶ˹ͶԽȥ
Ҳ֪Ҷ˹ͺԾԷʲôӦ

˹ͻᴦõġ
ţ֦ȥˡٴȥ,һ׷ǾͲýˡ

ϸ΢ĽŲԽԽԶ,յķ±

Ҷ˹ͱŸ첲վڵ£ɳԾŪͷ,Цˡ
ҶʦԾվ
ƽʱĽѧУڿáԾֵҶ˹Ҳ֪գۼ䣬Щ벻ͨҲͻȻˡ
æģҹëߡ

Ҷ˹ͽԡ,ʱ,ëòԾͷ
Ծ,һĵ˼
ʦ,׾ٴĦѧ˼ı¡
Ҷ˹,߽ŵһ,΢̧°ͣ˵ɡ

Ծۿɼû֮ǰô,ǵͷ̾ûʲôˡ
Ҷʦһǵøշְʱ򣬹ʦʦѡδ
ʱĺܺãѧĹʦûС칫ÿһλʦϲƷѧŵĺѧһУֺ֦ȫˡ
żҲܻǰԼɡ
Ծ˵ˡ

ܻͬܡ
Ҷ˹ͺŵЦϧΣܾΡ

Ծһ˲䷢ֱ
Ůܲؽ۾

Ů˵ֱǳҶ˹ͣϵĿһӣ𣿡
Ծ㶣ҡͷˡ

ٸһλᣬǻƣ֦½̨ԼվϽ̨֦ͷԼССͣѧģһβѧʦⲻ룬£ֻΪܴϲʦҵһ˿
ЩӣЩõĻȫԾ̫ҪһߵˣպˣպҶ˹͸һֵĸоҲĨˣҶʦʦϵӦúܲɣһ𣿡
ĩˣҲðˣҪ˯þ

Ҷ˹һ˿ݣûгܾǾǴӦˡ

Ծͷֵͷ˫ֽУ㣬Ҷʦмʦʦ𣿡

һʣҶ˹˫ǵĮ۱һص֣ɢбеȻı齩ӲֱԾѧôãûмʧ̬

ҶʦԾ̽ź

Ҷ˹۵ɢȥͽϲߵıˣЦ£ƽʱôЦġ
ԾգգۣϡͿ߰˷֡

Ҷ˹ͻֻëñȸղŸ¿ȥԼ飬ĿԿڣܱǸϾ漰ʦ˽Ҳ͸¶ȥˣô֪ʦѵģ
ʦҵġ

ԾˣҶ˹׳Ļϼѣˣ˸Ƿװˡ
Ҷ˹뿪ıӰֵֹܾġ

Ҷ˹ͻȥʱųţ߹ȥһûˣ˫̽Ӻ棬⿪ڲϵˮһûҵۡ
Ҳ鷳꣬ŽϸµС¶ûˡ
Ծ֪Ĺ֦˽ƽ
Ⱦƣ̣ʧȥǵ£񡭡ƲסԼˡ

Ȼһ˫ִӺ䵽˫磬סԿܵɤ˹ͣ㲻һ𣬾ڰɡ

Ҷ˹͵΢΢ŵͷɨջͷĦ֣˼ֱָ棬һûƵ鷿

տʼϴ裬ǵʱ仹㡣

ԡﴫĻˮڽյ鷿⣬ΨһԴǴӴ¹⣬ӳǵ

֦ϥҶ˹͵ȣƵܣѵһϵ鵹ȥҶ˹ȥ
ָ֦⻮ģʮָ۰ס
ơ
ꡣ֦һֵֻһָס΢ŵ촽

ղڳҶ˹͵ܱ֮󵨵գֻΪһƽĽס
֦Ҳ֦

Ҷ˹ͶģȴǻͻȻĿʵǴĿԵʵţĴϢҲˡ

߲ʱֳͨʤߵİ㣬ڿɿطΧһӣһ
Ҷ˹͵ͷ
֦ܹݰϷʵЦèצӹƵģġ

֦
Ҷ˹͵ĴϢڶߣ֦˫§סĲӣΪժ򵥵Ķ촽ٵ䣬*Ҷ˹ÿһ֦ˡ
˹ͣղȥҼңʲô𣿡
ΪʲôƻĿġ

Ҷ˹촽۾ûУʲôû
˹ͲҪƭҡ
š
Ҷ˹ͽ촽۾ﶼǱ.

֦͵Цǣƿ

žůƵĵƹڵ鷿

Ҷ˹ͻ˻۾վڿǽǰϸ鼮֦һ۵ģȫ󲻵ղŵһأָͷͰ.⵵Ūڹ֮ˣ

Ҷ˹һƿûĿȪˮšڣ˳˺üͷĻȥЩ

ôˣ֦Ťͷʡ
Ҷ˹ͳǣǰƤʷϣת֦ղȥңʲôûľǡ֦ʶˣ
վǰӰڵƹ¸񾲣ˡ

Ҷ˹;þõȲ̧ͷһ˿ܣ֦˾ʲôףǷǳװɵʾ֭ѻ˵ߣҲֻԼǲ

㣬ղңмģ
֦¶鷢ǲ𣿡

Ҷ˹ʹܸÿζǳͷˣζٳһΣκΰ취ԡ
ĲУǾӲġ
Ҷ˹в˵òС֪ڼ˸ˣʲôӦأ
֦ˣߵǰҪʲô
Ҷ˹һ֣Ҿ˵˵š

Ļ̥˶Ӽ롣

֦üͷ˵вң
вҶ˹Цһ¶˳ᢵı飬ѡ

֦˫ֻǰ·ңΪΪʲôԾסʵͦڴС֪ˣʲôӦ
Ҷ˹ͳͷһЦ֦û˱Ҹ˽ˣûˡ
˵˵ж˽ҡ
Ҷ˹渵ô̹ͲẦµˡǣڴ֪ʲôӦΪƭңĺ£ڴڣ㿴ңûֹͣעá
͸£֦촽

Ҷ˹ͽ˵ȻȥһǾͱԥˣ㲻սʤĵ׵Ŀ־壬ȫǲ롣
е㼱ˣ֦㵽׻簮ʲôʱ򣿡

̷֦ϣҲ簮ֻҸ£Ľ㣬ҵȻҪΪǣô㡣

Ҷ˹վյ΢Ӧŭÿһﶼѹŭ⣬֦һͲϲôѿ
ˣ
̶ʮ֦ͷһˡ

ٳȥ֦ҪˤŶˣҶ˹ͲǿӲ
Ҷ˹ֱ֦ӱˣκ飬κˣκηĻûģҶϣ¸ԡ

Ҿ
֦ˣüġһ˲ǹעĶ

Ҷ˹дѵʱ˷ѣĵǸһ벻ĵζŸȤ

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Ҷ˹ȥһȣǹһĨ̽ζЦǸѣʲôʱҼһ

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ʱɡ֦

Ҷ˹ûнӻ
֦ɵؿһۣŴֶûü³ԭյţԴֱķʽ߿桰ءһ죬ŰصüΣ̶֨Ļ졣

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Ҷ˹ȻԵõؿϷ֦

ɢһͷʪŽţŭúܽ˫ֽճȭָؽףҹ
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֦ĸңʶҶ˹㣬Ҷ˹һһúûı飬ʾο
һ󣬵Ȳ֦ߵļ֦·ϴקԼ

Ҷ˹²ؼ˵ϴȥˡ
ǰζؿ֦һۡѶϣΪҪܵģԶֹЩ

֦ڼػòһԭ¡

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֦ҡͷûУûеģСǵһֱǵ
Ϊʲô˵ˣ
֦ͷ̧ȥƽü壬һǳ޵񣬾ͣڰգƭģСҡ
ΪʲôҪƭʣ§Ҫ
Ϊ֦˸Ϊ˹˵Ҫҽѣԣ˵Ҫҡ

ѣ
ĺĻǴſǻʣ㲻˵ֻͬ㲻˵ǲ㲻˵ֻһΪʲôҪ˹ͣӦúһҶʦ𣿡
ɿһ󲽣һѼ˵Լϣظһ飬㣬𣿡

֦ŵɫףֻǰһСǼĲӾͽһ֣Ҷˣվԭص̲ס
ˣˣС򣬹ԣѼ£㱧òã

ʧǵҡͷƭһΣͻƭҵڶΡ˭ҡ
û̸ûСҵҪô˵ſҡ
˵ˣ졣

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ô벻סΪʲôҪ̸أ
⻰ħһʴԣǰѼŪƤ

֦ܲôˣҪ˹ȥļ
ԳЦ˫Ȼ˲䣬ϡ
֦Ͻ߼ʱؽ룬һͷɾļɵ˵ϣ˫˫ſŵƵ۾ᡣ

С򡭡

ĻؿһۣͻȻЦȥӣЦͣʪס

֦Сع֪Ϊʲôκ飬еԭΨһѡ
ٶĽͶûãһɵ󣬴Ӻӵס

ú󣬼ڣʲô֣
֦пѱ磬û˵ĴڣСΪıܸҽѣΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳ҲŸҶʦ˵ˣģ˵ĶġֻһܵĻѻΪʲôҪأСÿ춼ߣ̸ѣ϶
ӣתǿҧ촽Ų뱻ᣬһһٵ뿪ꡣ
ҡ֦޻˵
𣿡
ǡ֦Ƿҿ۾ˡ

ҪҪֱͦҪȺҫ۵Ǹˣκ˺ãΪʲô˺ǸˣԼ

ˣ֦㽫ǰ˵Ļ˵ûѣʵҷûƭ㡣ãҺܰѽ۷ʲô£ӰҶĸ顣ǽã׵ˣܹٽңôܻ᲻ϧء£ֻǸ
ḧ
ĬĶŵ۾һգһգĻȥˡ

Щ飬Ӧѭ򽥽͸ʱ˵һΣ治֪Ҫȵʲôʱڡ
֦̽ſ˵СȻǵ
תһ΢ı仯һֻ֮ʱΪ֦ˡ
֦ӲͷƤ᲻ҲҪ˵ֻһͨˣҲģҲǶ壬Ҳǲ壬ʺϵˣһ飬ӣ齨һļͥ

˵ⷬ·쾭壬Ŀջ췣⽥ɢ;С
ǶԵģǶԵġ

㱺ܾúܾã֦ͷţаһһ룬ֻҪ뵽֦һռУ絶ʡ
أһ仰
Ȼҵá

ãֻð
ǡ

°ͣ»Ҫ䵽ؿʱ֦͵ذס֣ټ
ôҲ
֦ۣܿ㲻ˡ

Ҷ˹ͱ˵Ļһ˹ͣ齨ͥʱȻ¶飬ˡ
һйȥ
ҿǲ֪ôδϹġ
֦еˣôֻ˵㣿
Ϊ⣬䳰ȷҾ˵˵ѣ;ûˣôδϹôˣأǾͲֹˡ

֦Ĭܾã۾һ죬ȥӣ첲ס

ıúޣþҲޡ

𣿲Ϲ𣿡ߵˡ
֦Ҳ

˾ررĻ֦û̶ֳȡ
ǰ˵໰ģΪС֦Ͳ˲˵໰ϰߣԺҪ֦£ȫ顣

ѵһȥˡ

֦ǽ۾ͨ죬ץ˰ͷĺޣȴֻۣѾͨıӡ

ֻܿ
Źϵˣûгȥʱôˡ
֦ȴƣûЦˣͷ޿κεؿ

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ֻһܶûУ֦ҲУǼ˻ᷢ֡ûȥֹʲôֻǹԹԱϥסǽ

΢ţͨѶ¼ϵ£һһ顣
˭
ѧͬѧ֦̾˿ش
йϵϵ𣿡
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ߴֻĻתƵϣûйϵ΢ŸʲôţԺϹ𣿡
֦ҧŲ촽ͷͷҡͷ

ɾˣ𣿡
ѯʣû˵꣬˾ͱɾˡ

֦ɾɾɡ
㲻Թ𣿡
Թ
ߵǰվ°ͣǿǵֱԼ۾һԹңΪʲôЦ
֦سǣЦúܼ١

ߣӺסӲֻҪҵϹһõˣЩ棬Ͻ㣬ǲͿǲ˳ˣɾˣòѽ
ţá

֦һ˼ˣһڲƷ
ʼգǵĹϵġֱֻ֦ʶԼڼҲһֵӵ˼һƷ

֦΢٣Ŵͷɾβ˿һ롣

֦ǿЦС򣬿𣿡
ҸÿʲôأÿĽ΢ô౸ѡϹô
ֻ罻

ϴ裬ϲ֦뱧һһܰĵӰȴſ֦ѵĻ֮Ӿеˣٵ֦˵Ժ飬Ϊûǿԡ

ְѿزסĸоļʣƷˡ

ΪʲôԽôǿҵռأ
̫ĽǣԽ˵Խ࣬ԽԽơ

˵۾ͬʱոյļӺ档

ʦΪʲôɾѽǶʲôĵطǹ⻹Ҹ˵⣬㾡˵ܸĵģһġ



44 Ծ֦
еĽ,ʦĶӣ֦û䣬Ǳ߾;ŮһǶ˼,Ϣѯ֦ûԼżһ뷨ɾѵ,аϲ,Ϊ֦϶̽
׮ˣ
̷ȥӺ룬һοƷǳʿʵװĻ

֦ϵĸ첲һʹ,֦ͷŴ۵ĵƹ,ͷۣʶġ

Ƕκ˳ǻ,ÿֶǴƳģڹû֦֦
⻹
֦Լ֡
һһ˸ĴָͣĻһ׵ĵط,֦һۡΪȫӱѵԹ,ȴ˵غһ㡣

㣬ظϢӦòҵɣ
֦ЦȻӲ,ᡣ
תһ,ںĴ

㡣׷Ź

֦Ťͷ,͵ǰֻĻϵļظɵĻһ,ֻԷθ
˫ֳŵ棬Դ,ȦѾ䵽βͷһӡãȥǻȥãһķӡ

ʱ֦ǰѺ˵ĸףƣʹģ˫ֲͷǶԼܴĽʽ

ô˵ˣ
֦ԽǶ㣬ԽǰֻĻƤӵҿ

֦첲£棬˵ֿľضżظɵǾ仰ðϹ

ôǸôͷŴﵽذ¹̣ܽ
֦Ǽ׽㣬֦һͼûѪԵŦ½ĸ飬ʮıģͺĸѵһã򲻵ãá

֦ȥûбɰƣһı˵ǧٿףȴǸԼһµļߣ˳ʪͷЦŶ˵ôͷˣðˡ

̣ƴֻΪע⣬ȻԷ˿׷̬ȣԵΪɿЦ
鷿û֦Ļȥͷطɵϣס

侲ʶԼղų嶯֮ʵ̫ˣӦȥ֦Ǹֻһ뵽֦飬Ͳ˵һ仰
շת࣬ôղ۾ŵӱ¶һֻ۾
Ҷ˹סǼҵƻţѾϴ裬վڴߺ˴绰
ųǴ鷿ġ

˯鷿ˣ

Ӵûκζš
ȵҶ˹͹صˣȵеƶˣţСˣĴʹдӽŵϴܣԳһƬհס
֦ǽݣɳ·ϣǰ棬̵ȴǲף۽жãɽ۾˫֣࣬ɽһ֡

ǽ˵Ҫ鰡ૡ
ȥ͵ص˸̣ɢÿĵ׵İȴɢȥˡ

һҹجΡ

оѣԺػ룬ֻһΣ˵ĸоϣβΣԼһˡ

ˡ
һСűȫƿվſڵ˲֦Ҷ˹͡
˯¿ӵһ٣ô㣿
ôң
Խ⿴֦ӰŤŤʣأ
Ҷ˹ͱȥļſʼ·
ȥˡ
⻰Цˣܣ
š
ǣ˼

Ǽ١뿴ɡ

ھһֻ䵽޵֦΢һͻԭرը

·´ȥϴ
ˮʱûַˮͷ棬кüӡ

Ҷ˹ͿſڣûȥֹˮѧУﲻֹ̡뿪鷿ѷøǣ֦βˣȴûнȥǡ

ˡʻҶ˹õǿ϶

žԼúܳĶЩ£֦ҲЩͽ£Ȼ˵ġ

ģ
Ҷ˹Ц£
Ǿˡݺҧס´ˮ
Ҷ˹Ҳûͣ˵ʦҸ㣬ˣǵóԡ
˫ֳϴ̨أҶ˹߿ĽŲͻȻͷݺݵ˵ҵȻ֪Ҫ𣿡

Ҷ˹Ͳʵüܿչƽϣ֦ãͷһº͵ЦƬ̶ûˡ

ŵʧܾˡ
վϴ̨ǰžԼôЦ⣬Լر𲻺ãȻΪʲôƭΪʲôҪȥ飬Ϊʲô

žԼˣãкޣвʣ಻ı

ٽ꣬ԼٺκιΪҲˣҵˣִҪٴ˵λúҵĽ㣬Ϊʲôˡ
ͷҪᵹۿ

Ͳǹ֦ƫҪ
ҪҪģҪҪر֦ͣҪӡ
ֻһƲѵСҪÿʱÿ̶֪Լһ㣬硣

ٱڶˣԸԼֱˡš

֦ˣȲ֦Ϣȥ

ʰˣµݣĿΪ֦һģعͷԾ֦ˡ

һ˲䣬綼ˡ

Ļصڶߣľ棬ľ٣Ǳε˴ӱͱһʹóǡ

-

Ҷ˹ѧУ˹ҵ֦һ֦ͤұվҶ˹͡

ˣҶ˹͵٩ʡ
Сߺͣϵ֦ͷϵ񳲣ţġ
Ժٲˣ
ïʢ֦Ҷıܷ紵򣬾֦Լģĸ裬᲻ҪԼĺӣ
Ҷ˹;˵е㻬ԣǰԼˣ
Ȼģġ

Ҷ˹룬ЦЦ֦ͷһƬҶӣߣһ͵͵ǣֵŮк

Ҷ˹ߣȴǣ֣ѵΨһĺôǿԹעӣܹ侲ϸµƷٰԼĽ渵

谮źһ޲޾ϸչÿһӣΪʲô»صߣΪûдﵽΪĿֱ׼ĸ׻Ҫ֦֪ԽİԽױɡ㲻Ҫ̫ˣҪѧɰ󣬸Լɰĸ飬ҿŤܲܶģԾߣײ㻹֪ܺΪ֪˻ѹڱʵкܶ಻Ϊʲô˵أΪʲôҪƫķʽأ

֦ûҶ˹Ϊʲôô͸ֻǿɬЦЦ
ΪĽ㣬о쾭ΡʸֵǸˣҡ

𣿡

ûеȵ֦ĻشҶ˹һͷ֦ᡣ



45 ˭᲻һƿ
Ҫ,ܹһСĺӱõԱĺӱȺһ

2000ңСͳӳСıҪ,ֱǺ˷֯ͰʳƷӹŮй,Ȼ,㹻һͨļͥάֻƣ㰲,Աůǲģ״,Ϊܹʱڼ࣬ûм򹤡

СԴޣ길ĸⱲ,ɾѾܲˣ󲿷ֵˣѡѧĻˮƽձ鲻ߣͳ˼άǵ۽,Ϊȥ򹤾ǲҵеĳȥ˾ΪµŮ,˵ڼɵŮĳȥ˾ΪǸʵ˴ˣ㡣÷ѧģһȥ,ֻỻһ˵,˵ϾǼ÷ѧ,Ů,ۣ׸,ҪôӶôˣƽʱڼҲӡ

ڼｲСȥѧ

С֪ҲʹһѵǿҲ֪ʲôǶʲôǴֻ֪СѶЦסԱͲ¥ǶԽûûһÿǣȺǺ棬ûûͯҥ

ѾˣһЩǣŽ֣úܶˣûӣͷ̧ˡֻͬ꣬ӿ˽Ų
֦ûĽŲԽԽ
곶ĸ첲߿㣬ߣ㡣
֦Ѿ˦üŵָͷ꣬ͷͷ̧
겻ؿ
ȻǺе˵ʲôˡΨһˣҪʲôϣΪһСġ

Ӳ˵ӸԣСҲ⣬ȺСŸţͲǣСǸССͣ˴˵ķһͲǺƢСŮһˣ˵ûͷ۸أĻˣúͯҥԽԽ飬СѾ߰ǼСһһ죬Ÿ첲һʧںͬתǡ

꾪ȵſ죬㣬ô˰
֦˵꣬Ժ󲻹ƵĿ⣬ͷ֪𣿡
㣬ƣʲô˼
ղ
˼
ǰһ˳ȽѧЩСʵ˶࣬͵ͷϣܿҪ۸ԽǵͷͯҥͱԽ

ԭ̧ͦͷԸЩС
С֦СѧĵһΡ

Ӵˣ˲κ飬ĳֶ󲨶϶¶ӵϰߡ

ŽŮѰԼϵŮȫ綼Ϊ·
ûʣ÷ĵһۣӦҲôϲ

Ǵ֦µ·ƪԺ󣬼÷¿ңС𳵣׶԰ͬͬѧС棬÷ڿ֦ķ䡣

裬ˡ֦СС˵ͺܵˣŵһߣż÷
÷Ѳڱķۺɫзŵ֦ϣС𳵣֦ǷȻҲ١Ůᾡһˮƽ
÷Աߣ˵֦֦ҵʣѽ
ѾдˣԤϰĿγ̡
ǡǿһ𣿡
š

֦ʮ꣬˵ִģ
÷Ҳ˵СЩˣֱԲ֦֦ѽʱ򣬲£ûģ궪㣬治֪ôˡ
˵ĶǷθ֮ԣ̹׳һ̣˺ڵˮ
裬һˡ֦
÷ͷʱ䣬Ӷ㣬ίˡ
֦ο˵裬ҵãӦõġ
*÷૵ĺңСһʱ򣬱Ҫ֣Ҽһ˼ˣ費ˣҰңǶ۸ҡ

÷ԹĻ֦˵˺ܶǰ£֦ϸż÷ôһ˲룬ҵĸҲôҾͺˡ

֦ĸ׽ңһӵŮˣͨҲܱԺӵǺõģ÷ֱ׵ضԺӱﰮ⡣

Ǹӵģѧͨ˽ʶֻһͽˡ
ѧΪеˣʵڹˣѧˣ߲ɵͲ͵ģʻ䣬ǸҲϣԽԽ󣬼żˣԼҲżˡҼһ棬ʵ֣ʺȢؼҵš
ѧûƵңԭα¶ʲô⣬ڼëƤС϶ġ
ӹԽԽѧԼԭ򣬷Ƹÿ춼Ҫڳ﹤ʮСʱң˵Ϊһ࣬ѹԼĲˡҶԴ˲κηǮνɡԼһӡ
Խ˳ӣѧԽǿÿѧƵĵڶ죬֦ῴ

ӳ˺ܾãΪλ

һˡ¶ĺӱɣ뿪ˣѧ飬ѧ֮ãʹظ֤ˡ

֦ʰˣ͵źһ뿪ˡ
Ҹ˵֦֦Һ֣˭أ
û˵֦֦ߡΪʲôҪ֦ԼѡأΪ֪֦ǸµĺӣһΪѡ
֦ͷܾãĬĬժ˫Сָͷ©˶ףС˵Ҹְ֡
ĬĬΪ˱ӣҲû˵ʲôرĻ

֦֪޸ѧ⼸꣬úܲңһֱҧͦڣʵͦ׵ġ
֦ȻҲԹ
ӻüһΪԼıһ·˿еġƿټޡ
֦ûȥңΪ뿪ʱͷûлء

˭᲻һƿء
֦롣

뿪СҹȻټˣ֪е࣬ģ֦һ֪
ĸΪʲô磬Ϊʲôִʧ
֦ҹҲ벻ס

֪ĸɫüͷģűģϴģ־ϵŵϴȥ۵Χȹ
һ죬֦ͷվѧߵİŮˣ۾ϴһ顣

Ů˱Ǽ÷׼ѧӵŮˡ
Ķһһδıǵ״̬ȫһɫ˵ĻҾѹֵĺɫ÷ĺɫɫĵķɫκɫ
֦㶵ؿ
֦ͷȿǶ˵֦֦ɰѽ
ѧ֦ʹɫĿİغ̡
Ȼյ˼÷һ˫źż÷Цůġ
һȱʧĸСŮһѪԵϵŮϣҵϤİĸо

Ըúչ˼÷ĺӣеΡ
ôû˽أ
ǳһƮĸŻһʼ;ľչ˼̵ĺӡ

ұֵøһ㣬ǲǾͻϲһˡ

ܺݳʼ˽ںóϦȥˣ֦ķȥ۰ãҪȥһĸĿһֱڡ
ϣܹΪľȺﲻͬǸҪ˵Ҫ˵Ŀ⣬ҪһͷȥĽ

֦ܹһԼģ
ôľذý̳ģ˽İ㶼û

÷Уɵ֦ʱ֦ر⣬ǱǴˡ
лл衣֦˵

̸գĸ׵գ˵÷֮޴Ĳ
÷ﰮķʽǾŵģס֦ض˵Ů

֦ؿڼ÷ͷǼȱʧĸһһ㱻ԼҸ

Ų֪ʱƿһС죬͵͵ű豧ڻĽ㣬ûнȥǣ֦һݶĸ
ҸŽҸ
֪Ϊʲô͵ˡ



46 㻹˯
Ҷ˹͵һο֦,ϲǸñϲԼܿ˿֦Ϊ˶,ûаϵ
ֻѣƺָ֦ɾʸûС
Ҷ˹ʵеˡ

֦첲,˫,ָͷһһĨȥ۽ǵᣬǸȫǺһӿ̾,ۡ

Բô۵ġ

֦԰׵ûһױԵ÷ǳûɫ,ľòȥѧϿǻӰǵ飬ٻĨ۰ɡۣ֧˺ܾȴûùεĿں,뵽üŲӵӣ̾˿ĬĬѰۻϣڻǰĳ,ɶûС

Ϊ˻,˼𣿡Ҷ˹
֦Ӧ˰ģɻȴ֮ǰ,а,ôûС
ҪҪվ,úÿԼ
֦Űĸ첲һ,ҿܡֻ״̬ãҵһ,õġ
Ҷ˹Ҳ˵ֱ˵㣬ԣ¹ü֪㱳ԾסңֻΪһ
Ȼأ

Ҷ˹ε̯̯֡
վúܽ
ˡ

֦ûΪ͸ıԼ뷨ֻ˵˹ͣ˵û棬˵ıҲаɣûвܵĽãôҶ᲻Ҫ

Ҷ˹ͷһ̴ٵЦͷУһ
һԣǲǲ̫
Ҷ˹ͷ˫

ţ֦ɻؿ

Ҷ˹ǰϸϸذ
֦òˣ롣
ģҶ˹Ҳ·ѧˣѧУٿһӣһιšֿʦcpѧУﲻϡ档

ˣҶ˹Цŵ٩
֦Цˣ̵ذƿ֡
Ҷ˹ıһ֮˵ﻰ˶ûУǾԼԼˡ
֦㲻𣿡
ʲô
С
˵СԾ

Ҷ˹żϷʣʱԾˣ˼ҰæʱһһÿǺء
֦٩ȥЩ׷ߣӦò֪㻰ôɣ
Ҷ˹Цˣǧǧ棬һ棬ֻ㡣
֦㿪ζߣˣ˹ͣˡ
У֪š

֦ƮʱͷŽһָʱԶܾõҰԾæҲֻΪС򡭡
ģ˻ȥ

˵Ǿǲ˵ˡʳĻͨҲ滰
Ҷ˹ļ磬ˣ߰ɣϰˡ

˲ڻѧУ·ϣ΢ϼƬҶմ˸䵽֦Ľףһ˿⡣
Ҷ˹Ϳ벽żͷһۡ

֦֪ܾᣬʹ࣬ԹԼǲ̫ˣ˽ݵԸ񣬻ԹԼǲ̫ˣһ֪ƭô죬Ӵһ겻ô졣Ĺǣ֮еġ˵ǣõĹϵѾӰ飬ӦΪԼˡ鷿û˯þɣ
֦ܣ˯ͦõġ
ʱ˼䣬Ǳˡ
Ѿ˯ˡ

Ҷ˹Ҳ磬¹ܲȥ֮лĵÿһ룬һֱҲǽõĹϵҾǾãԭԲûôۡ㰮ͬʱȫҲԼ
ϰˡ
ϰ߻ˣ
ۣãԳܡ
Ҳ˵ʲôֵ£㶼ԭ𣿡
֦ᶨػش𣬡ǡ

֦Ļû

Ҷ˹̾˿

˹ͣлл˵ô࣬Լѡ·͵һðɡ

֦ۣޱߵ죬·𿴵һ꣬ѼƵ÷ĸŮú׽һԴ飬÷˫мۡ
ΪԶʧȥǷĸ֦ѧϰˡ

-

Ծк簡
ΪʲôϸȥܲԾ
ԾûһվߺһȵݣҰҪңֲס⼸죬ֻܺƤʦˡ
⼸죿
԰⼸ҶסģŶǰ첻ǣǰʦȥסƵˣڸڷҲһ䡭
Ծزסҫ֮⣬ڼٱϻϽ͡

ġ
֦ӦԾͷȻȫǿЦĻԡ
ֱֱضԾܹ촽ڶȴ˵ʲôˡ

ЩӣǵЩãʲô

֦ƭ
֦ƭӡ

뵽Լڿ㣬뵽ھƵȣ뵽ûûҹظԼϴԡһΰɡ
ЩŬòʱ̣֦ʲô
ڷѾغһŮ

Ϊʲôһ˵װôأ
ΪʲôҲһһҲװºܶأ
ԣǲǾͲͷˡ
ڣСʱ˵ġ꣬ͷͷ̧
ʮ֦ʮ֦ûκοɱԡʮ֦ôġ
΢΢°ͣػĲԼĽСССС֦֮ǷݴİǷڵĳŵ
СʱӦ㣬ҪһԴ˲ˣҪš
˼ûԾǰκιΪУ۵ס

ˡ

Ծ̲סһżȭͷΪһȭͷҪ䵽Լˣ۾ѾϣŰˣȴǰĽŲ
һ˵ݡ
ȥѾˣ֮ǰ˼ëȻЦݡ

׼ȥһطѧУ׼ȥһˣ֦

ߵѧУſʱԶ֦Ҷ˹ͣûбֳļʣûʲôľٶ⵭ɨһۣûѾ̵ƿԹİߣѧУֵķȥˡ

ǰԾ֦Ϣ˵ˡ

ⷴӦ֦ԤĽȻͬΪ˺ѣĹǲĴ֡
ôһۣδ̫ˡ
ûдȻһʧˣ
Ƕһ룬ķӦǡǡ˵ķʽǶԵġ
侲˽߳˵ʵ
£ˣ۾ͲֻһϷˣÿˡ

Ϊʲô۶ԴԼļ֦ĵ׷ĵʧ̧ͷ춼ʳɻҵôһʧȥǵҪȥѼ׷
Ҷ˹ĸ첲
侲һ°ɣ嶯Ǹȥʱȥ
֦վԭأȥ׷ĳ嶯ʧˣ·кѧһЦҶ˹͵ĸ첲һУˡ

Ҷ˹ʣȥģ
ȥɡ
ˣΣôˣƤӵѧ

֦پĸ꣬ûлӦֻƬ

ҪüиܵḶ́ˣӴ˾Ϳûиǰˡãһʮǳ
Ȼ߳һˣǰ

-

ȥѧУֵ̨

첻һ棬͵٩һΪء

ڲӪҵʱ䣬ֱ϶¥Ҫˣǰ棬·ˡ

ӽžû˵һ仰Ȼ֮Ҳûʲô˵ģ䵽ˡ

СܼסŵĶڼעУм䣬Ϭͷɨ
鲻ˣ
ͷ
ڱϣ˵Ǵҵﻨˣ
⿿ģֱģҲ֪ʲô

ô˵ţʡ

죬촽ҧסɿºų̈ףְֱУĵڶŦ۽⿪ˡ
ĻȻȻҪԨˡ
Ƿϵػ²ӣЦһֶ㻹˯𣿡



47 ʲô
йܶ¶ˮԵ,ģԸģͬ͵ŮŮ,
˵Ҫ˯ģǼ,Щ˶,û˶ñȼˡ

ɵ䡣
˪Ůϲľ

,Ÿ첲̨Ŀ͸ǹ,ϴΰʾʱҪܸĻشڹ·ѹ,
һôת۵ۣǷ꣬ԤǲҪܾˣõش,Ըˣ
ǡ
ʲô˼
˸,һڣؼָ䣬ݸ,ֻǺȻ,Һֻˡ
Ŷ

°һ̧,ʾ̡
ܻ,ˣȻС,ⷽʦͨᡣ
ûֽӣֱӰչȥҧסͷ촽Сָʱָһ

һЦ̧ƤԼ᣿
𣿡
ϼ⣬صͷӦԡʲôԼأ
˵أ
С
½ǣǼ߻Ƶķ̸̸

-

磬Уˡ
պøϿÿʼţûȽ̨ϵ˷ֱ߻λѹֵˣ죬ŵ˷磬Ϊ⡣
ǰŽģˢˢĿͶμٶûô룬ÿ˵۾ɵôģ·лƵġûУģС

ˣÿ˶æûĹܱˣοڿãζ
˽ﲻϡ

ȺƨɻҪ죬аˣҲû³ʲôõĶǺ׳ûƤûֵϣŮ˭
ѹȥ˽һˣҷ׷׻ͷ¶٩Цĸ׳Ļһ䣺еģеͿں찡

Цżѧϰӡ
Ҫ֪Ͽʱ䣬̨ϻվ֦ѧǰûаѧĴڣ־֣ЦЦ
ԭĿǳױˡ
֮ǰΣÿ֦Ŀҿ򣬲֦ӲļάһΣûбֳ˿ãиЩ֦ѧΪһɵ˼

֦˼ûɾĿںӡƵ̬ȣ⣬ȴάַƽ˾һ棬תڰ壬Ӧ⡣
ѧԲԲ

x=-1ʱf(-1)=(-1)-6-1+9

֦Դһ£̨ѧЦ
Ǳ˵д飬ôģȻѡ-1дɡյذѷ۱ʶڰۣͷΪԼֲҵΪΪĵļ
֪кܶ˫۾ΣĽȥˡ
ӸܿƣȫǼϵĿںӡ˭Ūġһ粻ӰȥʲôΪʲôôĵػˡΪʲôԼƭڼ˱ˣȴһ㶼ûӰ쵽顣
֦һͷֻҪٿһۼϵӡӣͻ᳹ʦ£ѧǣߵǰ
һ˿ǣȥˡ

ĶǺдҲǹؾءĨȥڰϼ֣ûúڰõǲָ
ĨȥĽǼ
ǲǻбԼûвģ

֦ƫ˵˼һʲôûһΡ

ͻȻ֣ʦ

ꡪ˵İط۱ʴ֦л䣬ϡ
֦΢΢תȥһӣ𣿡

վ˫ֳſһȦ̧ͷͬѧЦҸѧʲôϵʦΪʲôҪҵдڰϣ
ȫȻ֦棬Ҫѿ

ʵͬѧû̫⣬˭ûʱˡңʦãûʲôϡġڼվ˵Ǿ仰Ҳܺýͣ쿴֦ܲЦȨԾ÷Χˡ

֦߳ͣǱ˺һġ
ʲô

֦ججذڿμˣ¿ˣѧģһ߳ң¿λʮӾͿʼʱСͬѧҪ졣

Ծ׷˳ȥһۣûʲôͷֻˡ

Ǽ΢š

ѧȥ㡣Ϣжʮˡ
á
룬һ䣬¿ΣϿεʱûֻ
ڸҽͣΪʲôҵϢ𣿡
ǡ
ǽҪʲô

ָڱ£ûдʱҲûзǲ̫Ȥˣ˳ִ˼鿴˳۵ıأտĸ߸Ь̧ͷһֻˡ

Ҷ˹ͶֻۣüͷԾνӣָߵ棬л˵

ֻ˳ȥ
Ҷ˹Ͳ˶˵Ǿ˵Ҫ˵ģӦ˽ˡ

һǰһ˿̨ķˬӭŷķ΢΢۾

Ҷ˹Ϳڣܺã

Ҷ˹͵ݹȥһʪֽӣһɣһֱţӰ첻á
ӹģزʵûˣ첲ȥ˵ںжɣͲɾ
Ҷ˹Ͳ׽Ĺؼ㣬ѵӡӣ𣿡
ΪʲôҪɲɡ

ղҶ˹ʹŹֵ֦µǸйأվںſ˻ᣬƼ۵Ŀںӡ³߰˰ˣȻ󡰲⡱ֻϵݣеˣŰѼ˳
ҲĴΣСһ棬鷿֪վſڣŹ֦ʲôѡ֮һϵе¡
ûʲôҲûʲôӼһû֦ûзʼ･õԤС

Ĳǹ𣿡Ҷ˹һ飬ȸղࡣ
ƶ˵ҶʦȫûйıҪΪʲôҪôһǸʲôܹʵڵ˿ʵ𣿡

ѵΪˡ֦
Ҷ˹Ϊ

һۿ͸룬ƭˣˡҲԣƭҵĻᡣҶʦΪӦôأ޿䣿ʣǣô۵¡͵ѵˣûʲô˵ġ
㲱ϵǣ
󷽷˵Ҷʮˣʲôʲôʲôʲô
˭Ҷ˹ͷҪʸ
һҶʦӦòùĵ°ɣ
ΪʦΪѣԹ𣿡
Ҫǲ˵Ҷ˹Ӧûһֱȥ
У˵ǺǼ̨ϰ壬ҶʦǴˣӦòҼ˵˰ɣ
ԣ㲱ӡӵˣ͸ֻˣͬһˣ
̯̯֣һоڲС

˵ģ˵ˡҶ˹Ҳٶ˵ʲôֻ
õֻˡ

Ҷ˹͵ͷԼֻĻʾ쵽ʮӵͨʱһһϵȡᣬֻŵߣ̾˿㶼𣿡



48 㼵ʺͼܵǸŮ
ղҶ˹ʹ绰ȴ˵,֦˸ۣûɳɳķﴫ,Ҷ˹͵⣬ڰ̽Ŀڷ硣

֦ؿ,شҶ˹͵Ļ,ˡ
ƽҶ˹͵֮⣬ûʲô˵𣿡
ûС

ӿһһ,ɬֻĵףͬԼ˵,ͬ˵
ֻ֦ͲԶЩļ尾ʹú˳һЩ
ͨ绰֮ǰ,ȷʵ˵ǲΪƭǺŹŪںӡ
ԭˡ
ͣҪ,Ů,ǱôܶŮˣʲôϵأӵһƤ,,Ա,סġ
ΪĽ,ϣùҸ־ԸˣѾ˼,һ·Ҳûйģϲˣ״̬֮ǰ̫ࡣ
ĿĴ˰
ΪʲôôŬЦֻҪ뵽ӽԺõľڱˣһֻƴ˺ҧǿŷġ

ˡ
֦ºƣſϡ

-

ѧһ򣬼ˡ
֮ǰӦ֦ϰͷԼˣôãӻˣŻĻ

ٷѧǶʱ䣬Լȫױ
Ӿͺãƽʱ̫ҡôŨױ
Դǿںӡӻ֮꺮ڻˣٲȻһ밮״̬
ŨױµɢһΣյ

Χ۾춢бˡ
߳ң궯ҷ׷ײ²ٷְˣҲ֪˭ôиܵõŮ

׳˰ģС˧˧
ͬҪ˧㣬ӵϴͷ

Ⱥ˾ϵĿںӡһŮŪģҲǹ񫣬Ųżźúõ˲ϲ

Ƶİ˾䣺˭˵ϵһͳ˧ˣ˵ǺǮأ
׳۾ˣޱʱŽһˣļ磬ֵܣҾ˵öԣ

ȸԾ׳Ը⣬ԲǰӣԺͺֵܡ
תͷվſھԲֹһӵź첨Ͷˡ

׳˳ȥȻûųҲʵˡ

ź첨ĳֻǷǳģһŵĽһӾͰˡ
ѧ۵ģòˡ
ܼһѧҲǺϲЩͬѧҥﻹĪһ
Ѿ˰׼°߻ذ칫ңȥ֦ú˵˵
վڰ칫ſһȥǰľӵ֦ѾˣӦߵͦģ滹ûü

ȥˣź첨

ʱεУſʱ򣬷ѧѧѧļҳȻġû֦չȥԼġ

ƽʱ̨Ϊ˱𲻱Ҫ鷳*Ŵ磬Ĵˡ
һ¶ɫ£ţп㣬Ųһ˫߸Ь·ҡҷˣ񣬼Ʒ

һƷһƷվһ𣬳ΪȺĽ㡣

ڼߣ˵仰Цöͷһ
ʵ̫ˡ

ϧΧ˻ûп񫣬ǣżϳˣһβɢȺ

ߵϼȾĽ죬أվԭغܾõ֦ӰбĹ޳ʱţĵױһһѹ
վˣ
վҶ˹æǰסǵߣղΪʲôס

֦Ŀ룬ͫȻָٽģǿЦ˹ͣ˵ʲôС򲻹ǺѳȥѣΪʲôҪ֪ģԵܺõģѺܶġ

վУſڣʡ

Ҷ˹ʹͣķȥߴĽסĨ֦ͣ۾һ˿⣬Ĵ

Ҹ̨˵ʲô㲻Ƕ𣿡
š
Ҷ˹ͲôۣƭԼ԰ѻ˵ֱ˵㡣
ûǻ࿴Է֮Ӧе״̬𣿼ʮˣжˣҾں֣ˡ֦㲻ϲĸ㲻ϲߵ̫

֦ǳԼ˿͸ʵ뷨Ŵϵˡ
С򡭡Сԣ˵ģʮˣжˣ֪ģҡֻϣãģУģ˹ͣûʲôûʲô

Ҷ˹Ϳ⸱ĥԼӣҲ֪˵ʲôΪá

Ҷ˹͸֦ݵĳš
֦겻վ飬Ǳȫˡ

Ҷ˹ֱһ룬͸ĵܣϬ˳ȥ㼵ʺͼܵǸŮˣ

ʱ·һֹֹ֦̾ͣƵúᣬȴѹסؿڵװ£򱻿ֻܶԼȻһ㣬ⲻ֪͸⡣
ôܣΪʲôҪ

˵⻰ĵֻƴؽûǼԸУͼǣ֣İġ

ܵÿһϸڣһ룬̽ġ
Ȼ˺֢һÿÿĿھͶµûţžͻַθӦӦ¡

ԽܣԽҪֵò⡣

֦Ҫ֤ʲôأ㿪΢ţҳһţѾ޷侲˼ĵزֱͬɵĺ롣
ĶԻָĻϴ֣ɵ˵֪ʦĶӣܸҵġ

Ҷ˹ˣֱƣ֦ܱܲ
֦ºһ治ڣ̧ͷﾪسˣ
Ҷ˹ͺȻЦˡ
Цʲô
Ҷ˹ƹͷһϳˣϵȫʱǵЦ𣬡ҾǺȻȰˡ

Ҳ֦ȥǻ£ĺأ

һ·޻

ȥСҶ˹Ͳ֦Ű¥֪ڸһ˴Ŀռ䣬ĬĬˡ

յķ֦̫ˣޡ֮ǰҲûһ˴û¶
򿪵ӣԼѹֵĺܹе

ɳһֱ·𣬿ŴϵӳԼŲ԰׿
ȻƯ
ૣΪʲôҲһƯء
ʵζ߰ʳģؿڣҵƻʱǸûйҵˡ

ʮˣˣΪǼˣ֦ϲ·ͷװӣŴˡ
վһļԾˡ
ôᡭ

ԾЦſ˼һۣģʦϣұģȥסƵţҲɣյǰ̨ûأÿѴ¥ˡ
ȫû֮ǰԾĵ⣬Ļ˷Ǯס¡
Ծֲ˼ģӣţȻҾͺƤִ˸˳糵鷳Ѹͻˡ

֦ҧҧ´Թؿ



49 ǧ㣬û㵽Ҫ
֦ô,֦ܿǿҵȴûиκλӦ
õĻģûС

ǸطǶʱ,ȻĮΪĳ΢СĶ
˶˵̬ôôڶʱڷ츲صĸı䡣컹Ϊǰ,󺰴,üԼȴƽ͵ؿ·ǰΪһжǴ,Ȼ

ɡ֦ųż,˵⻰
ԾΪ֦к˵ллȥˡ

վһǰԼ˸Ƿ,ˡ

֦ſͣһزںģֹ˵ڵĻ
Ź֮ǰЦˡ

ľôϲ
ϲҵĺ,ƭ,ѣȫ΢С¡

ö֦꣬չ˼,֦ûнƵĳ谮,ѳǸ,,
ֽǶȿֺ֦γѳżռ,ƶʲô벻

֦ʱһ϶һ£ͻͷȥΪʲôû˱ȵ£ԸȥӴʺϽˣΪΪΪԼáΪʲôһҪüֻ߳ǵ磬ΪΪΪ˼á
˵ĺ
ȷѾΪܶ࣬ûʹһ䡪ã⾿ǲҪ
ֻǴΪõţѱԼ㡹øȱԼĳݣÿʱÿ̵ᣬ׽˶Լġȵ͡˶׶ġߡô֦ô˿á

ǧǧֺֹҶ˹һˡ

֦Ĵº͡ڼ󡢴ȱ֮ġСұӡ󣬶ʵϷչֳԸ˵ӡ󣬶ñ˿
ã˶֪á
˭ɹԼİûС
ֻҪ룬ڱΪκԸκˡ

һСûаļͥﳤĺӣԴҪʲôһʱץסʱΪԼȡ
ûдԼĸõĸҼֵֻΪһƿ÷ֱȫжĸ׵Ļ룬ŵǿġ÷ֺܶõ¡
üǹϵҪĳ롣

÷Ҫϲܿ󸶳
÷ںǿøгߣʹŮҲΪŮԼҪ׷ԼʤУ˽ĵزȻᶥ¸ճûŮȥ洳˵ΪԼһѡ
ü÷ϲŮأ
һʱ֦ģ仯ϣܳٶ÷һ㣬۾÷˫β̵ķۣĶ顣
ʱʮֵС֦Ľظ۷ʲôҪͷ꽾ӣϲˡ
һԼŮˣҲᰮһԼŮ

ǶӻС磬ŤŤƳǳһòȨ֦
֦޼֦Ҷļһô޼СһΣͰСʲô״
֮ûĲ߻ƣмıǰѵżӵļͳȥġ
Ŵ̫Իԡôܻ£ǰѼǼԼȥģ

ܹ£˽׵ĸе壬ȵõõĺִ֪õԼҪ
Сʱ򣬰Ѻܳʱ䶼ͼ÷̫׽ļƵ÷
ǰһ󣬰Ѽļơ

ôѼ÷ƣٶ಻Ը󶼲ƽϡ
ƴڱλõʵǹϵΨһȨһӤʱڱָơʹЩ꣬ġ

һΣķչƿء
ǧ㣬û㵽Ҫˡ

ʦԾ
֦ӷɢ˼߽ӣžվǽߵԾЦЦֲǵһˣɡ
šԾͷ
֦ɳһߣԾֹѯʵǲл˵
Ծ˴֣ܾú󿪿ڣʦ˵񡭡
Ĵղ棬Ҳһǰӵӣôһתͷͻ˸
֦üôˣ˵

ԾԽԽɫеڿˡ
ܲˣ˵֦ҲȥʼԹ˵ˣֻҪס֦ͺá
ҲھƵѳʵ̫ƯˣʱҾûס࿴ۣҷֵֹģͺڷʲôųƵġ
֦ɫѾѿˣ֪֪˵ʲô

֪ղͼ˵Цģϵȴǰ˵ģķСʦ⻰˵ڣʲôҶҾһҪ˵Ҫ˵ҡ
Ϊʲô
Ծ۵ؿΪ֪㣬ӦԵĴʩ𣿡
֦ºͣлл

֦Ūģû뵽ҲбŪһ죬ΪʲôԾչˣΪԾԼԭͥ¡ԾҲһƵİְ֣һų裬һ׵áֻԾ¸ҵö࣬ųҲȸŰְҸö࣬Ϊ㣬ԼίûϵΪԺиõѡְ֡
֦˵
ʵ˵һ룬һ롣ĸ֮ǰֻǸͨͥѧҲСѧԺԱѡְȶĹٶ
Ϊı£ȴΪԼϡǫá
̫̫֦ˣǵԱҪ֦ġ

֦ȻסˣվߣԾĻȥˣ֮ʲôҲûס
ųеҹƽеĻңƿزסδ֪ã

-

죬ʧż֣żһ춼ûӰ

֦ÿڼŸڵĶʱԽԽϾʮ㵽ҹһ㡣
ֱһʱָϵĲ͸ˣûл
°ʱ֦ˣˡ

ֻԱߣԸ绰һʣΪʲôңʲô
˯žɳҲ֪ںʲô
ʱڱ۾

۵֣诵İˣò׼ļ˼š

Ǹͽ̻ͽˣʦź첨ͨ绰׳Ϣ˵⼸ʱ䶼ѧ֣诵ĵòУҹϻˡ
СſڣһǰŮ˱ѷ֣æرŻȥ֮һð¶̲ĸúһġ
ڵˣԽԽͳˡ

ףΣôô졭

ߵǰ֣̽غС򣿡
ýʵʵļͷˡ

ʱ֣ذѼϣ˯Ҳûˡߣˣú˵˵



50 Լһʸ
˭ˣ
Ϊʲôһ𣿡
ʲôϵ

۾ûȫ,ͱڴߵ֣һüˡ
裿ʲôʱģ

ʲôʱģ㻰ء

ͷ۵,ᴷͷԻûƺµĳ̶,ϸϸ,֣诿һ£Ҳû,ˣ˵ʲôϵ

֣诿,Լľ仰˵òˣɫί˵С,ǲ̸ѵģҾͣǺһ£ǣù,Ǹ,ǲ΢ôһ㣬ţˡ
һЦ,,,˯,Ϊʦ

԰֣诳ü˵еŮĵνҲһİ,Ժôƺ
Ŵͷ˼һûʮأô͸һˡ

˵أҪ֣ûúãټʮ궼ûȷʵͬġ
Ŷˣ
ʮɣҲ֪
֣诵ɴۣʲô㶼֪Ǿͱһˣ
˯ٱʶˣ˸䣬֪ô֪ܲʮˡ

֣ҡͷ̾ûеˡ
ò󣬲󣿡
֣ѿڶСʮʮ壬ԣʦǸͣͦʵġ
ǣЦסȥûõȥ˵ˣ˯Сʱ

֣ĵúúõģôͻȻˡ
֣诳ȥֻ˱ˮŵͷųȥˡ

嶣塪
ٵ֦˯оѣɳǿҵضһ˲͵۾
ƿɳ˯ôãż羱ûһ۵ģŲʸУȥŴˡ

Ŵżժñֹ
֦ʣﲻֱӽʲô
ﲻǻбֱӽȥһ˼ŵô졣

֦˻ʶ˵Ծֻ˻ԾǰͿʼסˣԼûбˡԺǸѧûӦҲסˡ
ûԷһ

Ծϸһüͷ˵ôоˣ

֦ҡͷҲ˵ʱθθ۵ëַˡ

ƽյԸûкϻ϶ǸĿûнơ
Ȼһ䶼ûʣһֱĲɵģ֡

Ƚյţ²ڵ⼸죬֦һǾʲô񶼵ûˡ
ʮֵ֦һúһġ
Ҫ£ǵø䲹Ӫһٷʢ͡
򿪱һһЩʳû߲ˡ

ˣȥйһ䡣¥Ų˻֣诡

Ц簡֣У
ѽ𡣡
ţջġ
֣ʣҪȥİ
֦̾ȥˣ֦֦óԵġ˵֣УѧУʦô۵ҿ֦֦ݿɶˡ
𣿡֣һ룬Ҳˡ
ɲҸղſɫƵģָûúóԷֻϵʱ䣬пĹ֣УҵøϽȥˣһϰࡣ
֣ҲȥˣҹϷɻİɣ治ף˾һҲţҲ̫Իˡ㿴ȦصģؼҲȥɣܶϢһһҰѷˣʦҼҳԡ
ȷʵۣ֣ҲûпıҪͷ˵á

Ǳһȥˡ
֣读ؼؼҲ

ԼĪСʱ֣ϴɾֱ֣Ӹ˵绰𣬷ˣʦʰʰԷɡ

˵绰֦䣬űڴϵ֦˵֦֦ɣԷˡ
ˡ֦ܿش𣬿Ǹû˯
˵ٳһ첻ԷθҲܲ˰

ѽ֣Уô쵼쵼ȥҳԷҲ𣿡
ԭ֦ͻȻת۾ˣ֣УȥҳԷڣ
԰

ΪһʣҪĥܾòſȥ
ʲôʹ֦Ȳ´ģϴˣҲûס
߳ԡң֦Ѿʰ׵Σɳ

֦˫ʱʱĦȣʵеš
⼸춼ûôӰҲû˵֦ررﶼȻܸһԷ֦˵ڴ

ϧڴˡ
ֻˣûм

ʣ֣УСأ

֦Ҩǰ泤ͷҪˣ˿˷ǳ״ֻ̬ǸտǣѾˡ

֣ϸĵذͷ쵽˵СȥŮ˰ɡ
Ŵ졣

֦ľګ̧ͷҪϻûСȥ˿ǵ֦ʻǸãһ۾ܿҲøźĿӣȥҲ²⡣ľ֦ƿصģֻǼ
ļʺͷŭˣƽһΣѹĵ׵ˮ档
˺ôʹ̣࣬Ϊʲô̸ֻ˸ͰԼһʸ
ǣЩƿصǺ޻֮

ڰ֮ģ֣У㲻ڿЦɣСǡͬ
ţҸ֪ʱҲͦ𾪵ģϸ룬ľͺ֣诺ȿˮʵ𾪲ΪϲŮġ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʵ̫ˣʮʮˣʮأҼСǳûоģһƭô죬һô죿

һҲǣú˵СأЬԼϲ֪ʲʣô궼һˣǾ˵˼氮Ҫȥɢ˼ңǲɶҲͦõģ졣ſİ֣УŵСñʩûʲô
֣ʣʲôʩ
˵е㲻̫˼ˣ˺ü˵Ůͬڸʱ򣬲ָǰСš
ƽʱһˣЩء
֣ˡ

һһ䣬Ŀˡ

Ǳ߳Ĭõ֦ɫÿ£ڼࣺǸѧǾã£Ӧ𣿡

֣诺һۣˡ
Ϊ±Ϊ֦ɫ
ǵӡ֦һֱǽӴ棬ƢõǸԸº͵ǸĴʡƽʱκμֵ£Ǹģƽĺˮûʲôܰ
һ֣诺о֪ϲŮ˻Ҫϡ档

֦ӵĶȻˣӺ̶

Ŀ֦뿪Ŷļһˮ̧һ֣诺𾪡
һģһĸодղ֦ʱһ˲ı飬Ҫӡ

֦ˣû𾪵״̬ѹ˵ǣ֦֦ôˣ
֣˵ΪǸղĵȷʵеˣСô˵ʦѧҲ

ܾûô򵥣Ҳ벻ˣ˵ͷ



51 㵽׻Ҫ۸㵽ʲôʱ
һ档

ͨ,׼ؼҲϢס˯,ȥλˡ

԰棬ʯ·߹ͩ,ܿΡ
徻Ǵ

½ӹһƿţ,þûдӼղŵĻع
ƤϷһȻԼҹ,Ӱˣ,ʲô㲻±ϰ

Ҳûʲô˵һ˵ﻰѣһ,Ȼ㲻ϽģǵȦùԶ˵ȫ
ʵڱŤòУҲῪڡ

Ҳ֪,ҾǾܿ顣
ͷ,Ҳܺһˣô¶,ûôŪ,Ϊʲôúܿ,ǲǷʲô
ɫһ˲,ûС
ûȫ£ϰﻰȫ¶

²µΪǸʦ
֨
Ŷ,Ǿˡ
¸첲αһļļ磬ɵ˵ˣȫˣòΪɣ
ЦΪʲôǶΪ
ǣ

ţҶ˹ͣС

˵ôֻ࣬Ϊ˵֦
ڵЩΪ˵£Ϊ˵Լأ

֪ƭԺҷǳŭҲǵһξˡһα˺úƫһΣǷŭľҲǺҳô˼Թֻһˡ۰ۺۣҲˡ

ǲˣǲˡ

Ķһʱͻúкܴһ΢Сı仯㶼еò׽
鷿뿪֦ûȥǲˡ
֦ƼˣͷҲصȥô졣
ֻҪ뵽֦Ҫ˽飬ȱһʲôǳǳҪĶÿһκʹûȥˣ뱻رһȻͺÿüįԼǲˣԭʼĿҪˣ֦һ˿ֵ֦˶С
ҵϣܹԼ߳ʹС
Ϊ֦ΪԾȣܰԼһӣܵͷҪ
䡣
֦һҪ飬ôһҪ֮ǰȿʼһκҵĸ顣֦һ᲻ôԼڱˡ

֪ܶô࣬ѾܲˣҲٸʵףУǾףϰ壬þඡ

£Ц̧ͷˡ

-

֦վİſڣֲλۻذ칫ҵ·ϣĲɣβײˡ
緹ʱ֣诺֪ԼòԣӦô绰ȥǽһ£û飬
ҪˣͲҪˡ
ҲºͲˡ

ѧУȥҪȥãΪ˲Щ޹ѧ١
οɫûʣ˼٣˻£һҪúϢ

ĵƮëë꣬ѧУˣ⿴ʱ䣬ûʮ㣬ڿΣӦѧΰɡ
λ̧ͷźڰҲдŵһпαûѧΡ
վڽ̨ϵˣҶ˹͡
ѧôĿˣ

֦أ
òȥ˰ɣ

¼ʵԽԽſϡ
һڿΣûơ
¿ûãΧЩķһΣվߵҶ˹͡

ʦ״̬ܲãˡ
Ҷ˹ֻ˵һ䣬뿪ˡ

״̬ãˣ
ȻӦãĪһϲɵö롪òΪҸܣԴ˰ɣ



ѧ£ҶֲˣУʱû

ʮӺ֦塣

֨Ŀؼĵ׵ĸ꣬ڿ԰һ֦֮Ƿݸ겻ǣòѯʶûУֱӾ*
ֿʼԵˡ
խһţ粻ˣȥʱ֦ײһС
üͷ͸¶ĲͣΪһƣ̾˳ȥ

֦״̬ۼ֪ж⡣
˵Ҫ˵ѼƭתҲôͷǼһ

Сֹһ䣬óӣ˭ء
֦ͷһۣŵ壬ȡ
ӦǺɡ
ͷ棬Ǳӹûһͷˡ

֦ԼһѿЦݣ𣿡

㣬㡣
ܸģԼˣЩ죬ʲô
۵£
ûʲôǶˣֲڼң￴ûʲôܳԵġ

֦վסˣǽվͷ΢΢䲻ȵ˵ҲûгԵģؼҵɡ
Ҫϼߵ˼ˣ
һţһ££ûаͷ£άĽĲҪԡ

֦Ӳܾ󣬶ᣬһΣ⡣
С򣬽Ĳòã԰ɣҺˣٸ
תȥÿһܳء

󲽹ȥסĸ첲
һĵ

Ӻӵѹڼǰ̫ˣܲ

Ϊʲôӵȴܸů
ԽǸܲůԽҪ
ʱӵֻӵûиһȫûǿҵʧصĸо

Ϊʲôƭң
ڻʳˡ

֦ûһѡʵʵΪҾԾܿΪңĸңӦðһҪ֪ˣһôңûи㡣
ǡɿ˵ûˣ
ҲǸ˼
֦ģ֪ˣȴȥˡ

֮ǰҶ˹ʹ֦ۼʲôֵ£ԭ
ʱ֦ޱȿ϶Ļش
豻ƣɳһȦߣܶΣĹܶأ֦ԭ֦˽ģÿÿ룬м١
ֻΪڷ֣诺ǷͻȻͿƲסˣͻȻҲżˡ
ȫΪΪˣűġ

Ҳ룬ǳԴ𣿡
֦һ߬½ǣ˵ʲô

ֱ۾Ϊ˰Լͬڽ֮ƳֶΣǰã㣬ˣһģΪҪһӰˣʱ̫С̫ɵԺҷܸҵģ㲻ܸҵģܸҡԾƭңҲʲôˡ

֦ᣬһĵı鶼ûˣ뷢ľѹֵĿǻ

Ӧû
Ϊֵü÷ģ֦Ѿ˼Ѽɼ÷ϲӣҪһͷˡ
üΪԼıµݹʱձɹӦϡ

ΪֻΪסΪ˲ѿΪ˲ȱǸˡ
׷ףΪ̫ˣѧͷ

ִԸ˭̵ģ˭ɵأ

֦ȥԼȥˣݵ̫ѾˣñǽԸΪסʲô֡
Ӷ֣Щмÿǰǣ뿪龰
һһȡλãŻ᲻Ҫˡ
߼ԣҾǳԴˡ
ȻأΪԼȥе滰пܻᷢĸı䣬㱧Ž˼һ䣺ĸ飬𣿡

ﲻٱڴš
ǡͦõġ
ԳһЦʣأΪʲôήҲ񣿡
֦ʧ˵Һɼˣûҡ

ԭˡ
ԭˡ

֦Ϊϲϱˡ
Ϊ֦ﶼˣֻŽ飬ȻΪֻɫѹ

Ǳ˺˰㣬̧֡

֦Թãһб˵áٺżԭȴü֪
Ҫһƣ⼤ŭġ
ҪüΪҲٺ㣬ΪŹȥҶԲ㣬ѳһٶԽҵĵߡ

ǰûȥΪ֦߬ס󣬽סˡ

㡭û뵽

֦˫Ǳˮ᲻㵽׻Ҫ۸㵽ʲôʱ



52 ҵѽ
ˤŶ
Ϊ֦ͷĻͱ顣

ּ
Сͱ֦ų,غ֦֡İԸ
΢һ㣬ܲˡ

֦ż뿪ķٿԼ,ܳ󣬺Ǳ
ʵƣ,ֲס,̱ھǰϥ,Ǵ͵ģЦȴԽԽõ,Υġ

𣿡
û취ԼȷеĴ𰸡

ѾóԸ
ﲻֻкޣԸܳıˡڿˡʮ꣬Ӧ
ǰ,ÿѹŻ

ÿһ죬ԼңʱֻҪ뵽ΪŹòãֻҪ뵽֮ûнûİõȥԼÿε÷,һһجθͼ֮Ť,˶ˡ
ˡ
ֿ֪꣬ģȴûлҹԼνЩԹԹӰԺ,̻ˡ
˶Ϊ,˻,Ϊ˼á
ƭˡ
ô,Ȼơ

ȻղôⷢӣԼ˽Ĳٺ,ȴüΪ̫ԡ

Ѿδõ

֦žվĳ˲䣬Ȼһ䣬΢΢̧°ͣɪȳ塣
ɢĲǳЦҵȻڡ

֦ܰѼǰ㽾ҫۣԼֻȥء

ʱһһţ֦ϵ·߽ԡҡ

żһӹ֦Ťͷʲôˡģ⾰ɫģǴϻΣʪ۾

-

ȥΪģȥҰοˡ

ôɡʡ
Ҳ˵

ʪѵļ¥ңTͶ̿㣬ԡƣȥϴˮ裬ðˡ
㶵վԭز
ЦôҪҽȥϴ𣿡
ٳٲú˵ϴҲǲԡ
˴ļ磬ҵѽ
ҲԿ𣿡

ˮһʱҲϴˣ˼׸ϣϡ
ȻʮģֲϲңұûоͶ㣬Ҫǰϴ裬㲻Ұѳֲס

һΡ
ƯԸУܻṴˣҲܷŵÿû˵չ֦Ҫ΢ŵҲҲԼڲ֪ôʲô

ӵܽܵĺܵˣһģ˵Ը⣬ȴС
ܳʵķӦֻǿҵķ

ӣ̸䣬ûסȥʶ㿪ڲϵǵںӡ
⼸죬ǼÿһܹԸоֻĲ֪ȥģһֻѵĿտǣˣſϸһ

Ϊʲôʵ
ţ

ֽ׶ֻϲĳ̶ȣ㰮ģǺʡûģǰˡ

ЦΪʲôң

ƾʲô֦˵׾ף֦ڶʱΪһеײģΪʲôôڶʱϲ

ǰǰ㣬úܽܽ˭˵ҿˣ
ָһԼţһ¡

˼Զˡ
޿ޣȴҲռ
ղ֦֦ͷ棬ûаŮʣÿһ룬Ҫ

ͷѾܾúܾˡ

ÿαҪÿҪÿҧҪÿβܰ޼ռУÿμԱЦΪûаȫж£޷
֦ܺܺҡ
ҪͨҪƽҪʻ۵һСݡ
Ȼͻݺݵ

֦ǵ£ˣü˵Ҳܲ¸˾Ųʮ
֪ԼûϲֻѰοˡ
С
ᾭԵزƣϼ֦ǰһܵ¡ͦ˼ģúãᡣôԿ
ǲ֪ԼΪǳʲô

һնѣֲϴǹȥǹأһΪѵؿ

ͷһƣ˯㣿
졭
ͷ룬ﲻ룬𣿡
һ¶̫Ȼ顣

ĺ˵֦Ǹǰ˵ңѹ·ϴҲԥ
ɲʲôƼңԼȤƸˡ
ʮˣһֻרעڴǵµˣס
ϴףమѡ
Ǯʱ䣬һһлģΪԼ㣬ɲԼʲô㡹ĺ˿
ܷ͸ԼУǼԼ¡
ڼǰ֦Ǵ֮ҹܻ֦£Ҳֲֻᡣ
֦£Ҳûйϵ
ֻҪŪԼоͿˣǾǡõģһ죬Ϊ˸˭ĸԸغԼϴ

ཡ
ͻȻֻ֮΢Ρ

裿
֣˿أ
һۣҲرܣĲ˵Ůһء

Ůѣ
Ħ°ͣûסЦˡ

֣Ҳ˵ʲôˣഩ㡣
š
̵绰ˣ֣诼æ˵һ¡
£

ǲ̫˼֣诽Ͱͺü룬˵ˣ賿ǵʱ·ƶˣҶûŮѳʲôӡСһ̸岻һǺӵģͽϰɣŮѴڼҳԸ㷹ʽһ棬ô

˵úʵ˽һˣסʱŹܼҲͿû塣һ룬ǳڣȥԷС

¼Լ⣬òǵԸԸ⡣
ֻԶ룬ţʽؼ㣬ȥ𣿡

㲻СǾ͸ıԣȸ㶨С衣
һ룬̵ͷӦûģֻҪԸȥʱԡ

㿪񣬰Ļ֣诣ɿ˵绰

°ͶգۣЦ
ʣҸʲô
٩˵ӦˣԲˡôǵãʲôʱŮˣ

죬һʱҭҼ绬·˵ͣϻ˵ˣҲʲôΪŮѣǾ¡
˵ţֻϲĻҿԴ绰͡

סҪ绰ĶЦѧģôˡ
ܻ𣿡
Ȼ

һ¡ע⣬ŴϻʵˮۣȻ֦Ų԰׵˫΢ۡ

Ϊʲô뿪ȴ׷ң
Ϊʲô֪ˣȴһ˿һĴⶼûУ
Ϊʲôһͨ绰ûУ

Ϊ˱֦һ˫üȵףȴ¶ٿɼЦ⡣
㣬ǵôƯһ㡣



53 ǲǸ
˼ŮѼҳ,Ǿ硣
һŨױˣV̻¶ǰһƬ,ñƽʱޡ

˯ѵļ۾ϸ˿,⡣

,˱Ѿĺǽˮ
ˮ,룬֦ײؼ,᲻ʲôӦ

ؿڵ֣Цʣ磬Ҫ𣿡
⻰ı,Բ

££ͷƿ´
һѳס

ţ

̯֣һöµϸȦŵĹ⡣
ͬĽָָҲһö
½ָ

öָϸϸĦȦԵ,۾գ,ȻΪϵˣ湦Ҫһɡ
û˵,ȥ֡˳ǰһ,öָͰѼˡ
С,ߴոպá

ÿ,ô֪ҵĳߴ磿
,ġ

ؼҵʱԽԽ뵽֦ῴǣĪúãЦָֻߴûгҺһЩ°ɡ
Ŷһȥۣѧˣ´һǵ
ȥġ
Цƿչԡҡ

ʲôϵΪŮѵһεżļҳǰ˼ʲôϲã׼ķݹص

ԵʣǱ㿪ȥˡ

Ʒˡڸݵļ˵
ỵ̂ͺãǵöҺȼپơ

ҲͼӣӿС棬Ǳҵط
ͷеۣ³

ͷѹϸࡣ

ûдɡͷһñסߵ꣬סߡ
űһˮݣһһ׹Ť·ߵҰͻأطУܾһˣЬ۽ˮӣŤͷ
ñײɡǣƮҡɡ֮£Ů˱ҵĳƮ㡣

ʱ©˰ġ

ȫתȥժµסߵñӣճ

źɫɡŮݵıӰͦΣݶţ߸Ьʪʯ·
ƮɡµˮŪʪļ磬⡣
ǿΪ֮ĮαװôҪȴֲҿ

ҵķ絴Ů˵ĳǿֵĺ룬·˽ܵļǺš

ߴĻ۾ģֻŮ˲ɴıӰ֮⣬һԽԽңԶĻ

֡

ջߣͬʱҲм¶ҡҡͷ˦ǲʵʵ뷨
һź˶ȥˣȻûпƷи˵Ŀɼĸоôܻ֦

ʱ黹ǺƽصתߣҲ֪ȵ
ʱ̹עһʱ䷢

һǰһһ·ͣʣղŻúõģôˣ𣿡

øô˵˵ղűһûŮ˽Ų졣ϻźͬ½ָŵΪ辫ѡ˵Ƕ󣬵ػҪеģһһ˼ǨʲôģҲ̫쵰ˡ

˸Ļ˵ûʲôҾͻȻ뵽裬ôƺ
˦ͷн㣬Ȼܽʲô
һЦˣн㣬̫԰ɡ
ȻأѲɻܽа̣

Цͬʱ
ǰǳС¹ײĲҲԺˡ

Ӻǳ˵ݣվڼſڣûֱӽȥ塣

վ΢ǰλãѾǰ͵ǰŴ򿪣ðݳȥˡ
ûĳԡ㲻СǾȸ㶨С衣

֣ûǶȣϾŮŮѵһţɵøһӡΪһƽĸȰЦݣŴ򿪡


㣬ǡ

֣诺ͬʱȻڿԷͬʱͣס

ͻȻù

ֻ֣ͷƤһ˲
㣿
Ȼҽн㣿
ǰ˲һһڶ߻طšĸζСԹԡhoney

СŮѣ
֣Ǻˡ

Ҳû뵽ȻտʼҲˣ˵׾ö࣬ʲôûܿ컺Ÿղû˵Ļ˵㣬ǼŮѣ
˵Űǰ˵ݣһ⣬ϣϲ

֣Ҫʮ꣬һɨسţĹˣȷ𾪺ܲܽܣô˵Сϲˡǰˣֺαعڻ
ϾǳҪóеӡ

֣诽ӹкţ˾УƷѽ
߻Ь˵㣬ҲʲôضͱҿˡƷӹģҲ֪һףʲʺķʣš´ٶüףҲ͸ѡ
ֱ֣֣ѽǶ಻˼
ذִЦҪõúˣȥعҲǸˣ㣬˵Բԣ

ƺ˼Ĵڡ

֣ſڵļؿһСȥڿǻûҪڵĻǽԷ˶

С

Ҳû룬Źϡվڸſܾã塣

ˤŶʱһ˲䣬кڵģȥѰʵˡ
֦ˣʵԸ񣬱ģһڴĬĬѹɡ
ƶ֦
һĨ߸ϵЦ룬ſ֮󣬼ͷ֦϶ԭôöԼҪݺ۸˳֣请ǳϲ̸

С𣿡

ŵ𣬼ʧ䣬۾ʹȥ֦
ûУӦҰɡ

ô˵ѽʡ
˼Ͳڴˣش㣬ҴŮѻؼˣͱˣ԰ɡ
˵Ůѡ֣úܴ

ļ磬аСٶȹġ
һЦ
ˣߣԥӣǻбĻ˵
֦ķŻǽգ˵ôˣ֦ڻȥ

𿴳ֵֹģǰ£С򣿡

˫Ŀ۰ײѪ˿
ƿزסĿ¸о

Ůԡ֪֦ƭ֮úܺãûһιΪ֦ҲһʱŲ֦

ٺһΣô
Ϊʲôǰжӣ㶼ңһͨѰԣȴˡ

һŮŻһֱ
һɵġðƹɫƶ٣ǵСųǲ¼ǻɣĺûй޵ꡣ
װһʱ棬װһ

ԼᾭԵط跢һЩʧȥǵ£һЩΪԸˣ¡

𾪵Ŀң߿֦ķţθߵѿ
ǲǸˣ



54 
ʶʱҲ,ļ
¾ŵڷ֣诣Žȥߵ,۵Ĳ⡣

ڴߣƯۿɼ΢,ӰǴ򿪵,ֻɢ¼ܣû·ͷ鱻ȡߡװƷǽ,ͺͺһƬ
յ˷ţл

ſ,ͷ𣬿󣬷,ָָտյķָⶼǲġ
أ

µʲôɫش˵֦֦ˡ
ľ˺ܾúܾãȻĪЦˣϼ鶯,һһ,ģúܡ
ʵǱһҲҿСʣС,㡭
ȥˣ
Ҳ֪,ûиҡ

⻰˵,оҪ,æСܽ鷿һɫи
,С֦֦֮ǰתġ

Ǹӣ˲ϣĹ⡣
򿪺ӣǿ鱻ˤֱѾ޺ã̻ܿݵ覴á

ǲ˼ɣֱŤķʽϴ

ǰһ뻹ʧصͻȻã°ͣΪԼӮˡմմϲûˣЦˣ㣬ǵùԷ

Ŀ뿪غȥһߵſڣϣڷŴֹϣȷѾؼңϽ֦ͨ绰Ѹղŷ´Žһ顣

Ҹ˵Һһ飬뵽ǿֱˣҾ壬ǿСˣһӾͿˡ
ǿˣ
ô𣿡
֦Ĭ룬Ҫ

ʲô

һѣȥˣҪĵ
ҵ֦һģ˵Ҫ͸
ô£
㲻ˡ

ˣ㲻ùˡ֦˵

绰ҶϣﷺֹСֵֹģô֦֦Ҳֵֹġ
֣
˺óʱ䣬뵽ˡ֦˵ûôīˣ࣬Щġǿƣ

ؼҺһɨȥͳûˣ֣诵Žա
֣诺ӦоƷʲôİɣһĵòɺڹѾʵˡ

ûȤǣɳһֱǸֱӲ֡
÷۾

һǽ֮

֣ڴϡ
ؿǽЦ㣬ʮˡҽнҲ˵ѽŮˣ㲻ͻȻʲô𣿡
С᲻кͽҷ䡣֣ƽ͵ػһ䣬һۣûУ˭㣿
תָĽָӦúʲô

ܲĵģֻϰõˡ
Ѳ֣诵ᣬǳģŹġ

ǵ£Ǻööǰģǽ쿴֣Ҳ벻˵Ĵڡ
ǵ£йй
֣ѾȺܶͬ˶Ҫ͵ϹŰˡʮӣһַʽȰԼҲܲ˺Լ˯ŮˣȥԼŮ˯

޳ܡ֣ҧгݵ
ô˵ԼͷˣɷأΪʲôûп
֣Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҪͣûн飬СҵŮ
Ҳǣһ˵ĶûСգգۣԵòǸ¹Ůɣ

֣ɫ΢΢ˣᣬ⡣
ǸˣһӶȥĿҲãҲգǣΨǸˣ˼ҹ룬ΨкúչŮǸȥģ

˵˭ʱûֹйһΣҲǺþۺɢˡİ¹¡Ҽ˭ãҲҵ£ϲΪ˭*治֪Ůǰ֪ˣҲӰȥϲ

˵ϣǲȫ֣˵

ļңһѹ֣Ϊͼ£ҲΪ֣诵£ֻ͸棬һЩܲõڲ档
ʣܳ𣿡

š֣˵СҲ̵ġ
̣һڣ侲Ŀ֣ɨûǴĻ֮ǰǰ̣ǷǳеģΪı𣿡
ǰɡ
ĬỊ̆׳ȥ⣬֣诣Ǹ˵Ů㻹ḧ𣿻ô𣿻ô𣿡

һ⡣

֣ÿһ׳ﶼѸʵᡣ

̫÷ˣÿÿ֣˼Уİ˻һ

ӦȻء
ģҲġҾ˵ĺãҲĿģǺǻҲǣ֪ˣ˽ԸƢĵطһϲȻϲǸɾģûʵģǲֻ屾ɢȥϲȥá

֣˼ĻȻ㻰˵ˣҾͲˣúö۸

һЦ֪ˣ㡣

֣诸Цˡ
Ц뿪󣬽ʧ

˲򵥣ܴⳡ棬Ҫǻ˱ˣֵüɹˣô򵥼仰Ͱ֣˵ˡ
ΪʲôΪǷֱ֣ĵ·Ĳ֡

֣֪÷ȥĲѣŸһˣ˵÷һŮ˾񣬴ӽӵ߸
ۣһKTVҵ
ɥ۵ľŲ͵·׾ʲôŻ᲻ܲԼӡ
֣诲֣ʱյļ󶼲硣
֣˵ѣ߰ɡ
ʱļ˺ܴĴ̼Ͳ
֣读˺ܳʱ䣬˺ܶ๦üš֣ĺϲˣŻҪ

ĵһǼ÷ġڶΣ֦ġΣ֣诸ġ

ÿ˶İǡ
÷⣬ΪʱԼüθУԽԽá
֣诰⣬ΪԼˣİ֮˵źŮϣֲ֣ͨͨԽ÷ͶԼԽá
֦ûϤĽ̵Ҳõ÷֣诵ϲõһУΪԼȫ֦С
֦ûΪϡ

һҪúŻܵˡΪȱŻҪΪںŻܲ˲Բİ

֣诺Լÿչ˵Ǹĺӡ
߰ҲԸҲԱ޿֣ҲᵨС¡
һٲǰʮŲߵüᶨޱȣֻԥһҲƿ㣬Ҳ㡣
һһˣһ˲䡣

֪ҰߣһʼĿĵģǲϵģô

Ϊ̫˽֣请ǳ֪
ңҡ᲻ңԼ

-

СѣԷˡ
۾²ӡ
֣ۼ⣬ֱָָߵĺӣʣʲô
߿ûʲôһֱǰ컵ˣ޺á
Ŷ֣˵Էɡ
߹ȥڲ뷹أ
Ӱȥˣˡ

Ӧ¼ΰɡ


õǿֱԵʣʱģΪԼٴס֦մմϲ
ţֻҪסò˼죬֦϶ϵ˵ΪĴڣ¶ԼԾʱһʧ顣

ͷԵ÷ǳ졣
극Ѿˣûжˡ

һҹߡ

ڶ졣
ʱ䵽У

ֵڰдαԭӦѧΣˡ
εʦֻпա

ܸϻǰɣúá
ź첨ŵ绰̽ͷʱ˵绰ͬʱдαֵ˵˫˫ѧθĻԭʱɡ

ͷԾѸ̧ͷĵʦʦˣ𣿡

ͬʱڴĲֹԾмֲԾҳһǣŵصȴź첨Ĵ𸴡



55 ȥ
ź첨֪Ծ֦ϵ,Ծ֦ҲӦ˭ûиϲʦˡ
˵ͷ
źüλܿԾϲЦա

ǸһĨеЦ,˳ƽǣÿһΰ֦ݺ۸,۵ظƽü塣

ǰڿź첨Ŀ,˭ĿΣǼѧϰ,ûȥβ֪ͦرֱ
ڿ,۵ð
ź첨뿪ҺԽԽԶĽŲԭ϶Ľ,֪˭˸ͷըˡ

ŵĿμֱȡѰˣҺʦˣȻװڿΡ
,˭֪ʦʦƽʱõĸһȿƵġ
ЩϼһĸǺǵ,ǱΪ顣
үү̣ǰʦλˣ½ڿ,ұҪúõ˯һ,ٲ˯,ǵˡ

ǰŵţǿͷ,׳һѼ,Ͽγԡ

׳ͶţǿӹȥһѼӣţǿȽס׳ؽͷ档
Ȳͷ
Ϊע⣬׳ԽԽţ˭ҪѼӰеǣ

ҪҪ

ǽѼӾڽҰշȥ

ҵԴͬѧıԹѼӴòֺĺЦ
ǴЦϴΪΪ¥ǰ

ţöˣҾǰˡ
ԼԼ֦

ûûЦλ֦ˣֿ˻ȴſϡ

ʦվڽſм䣬棬ֻ֦¶ӡ

ʦȻİ࣬еģѼӲϷˣҴλҲʵʵصԼλУȴûʦ֮ǰ޼ɵ

Ԥһ죬ʦȥϿΣŽ̰뿪
߳ȥü۵׵ľϲ𾪶ûֻܸϽΣȥ칫ҸЩʦǰԸʹ졣

μȥͬѧؽʱվſڵ֦е۾еŴͣеĽ۵ģ۾ժУֲԼ׾ˡ
ǵķӦ
һ㶣һ£һ£Ȼټסͣˣ𾪺;ϲ̶ֻʦš

ֹİѧһ࣬༶ѧȫ쳤ﶼǰĽ͡

֦վǣѧ֪ˣҲֻܼŰӡ
ʦˣ֦ڻڣ˵û
Ȳϰ೤ʱ
ǲûа䱾

׳վѼֿʼҷɣѹ㲥ʽϿǹȥ
֪֦ڣȫûΪ֮ǰһӴһ£Ȼ󱻸ŵĳû

֦ǰ˰벽תҡ

ô¶ܲе׼
׳ĺȻֹ֦Ǿϲǲ죬Ǻ¡
սսذǴûѼ£ûϢúܣҲû̧ͷ

Ӧֺֹ׳һˡ

˭뵽Ǹʦ꼶۸ʦ˭ǺƢʦ˸ٻȫһˡ
ҲŹѵĲữױµױݣȫ
𣬾԰Ȼ벻м
仯Ҫ˫ûйԵۣʱĿɨǵÿһ۶͸๵Ȩ
ϢѹȸдС
ͷĽ͵͵ۡ

ѻȸĽſϵļĺ棬Χʵ̧֣ڱ߽

֦ϲǿʽȹӣǲüСװ߸ЬȲü価źϡ

һ룬һ룬۵Ĳš

֦ġ
ữױƷҲã·ǹʱϵĿʽ
ûи߸ЬֻƽЬ˵߸ЬǸҶʦʱе˴ģʺ
Ҳһ㣬ܸһηηĸоɪ·ϣ˹ײˣҲֻһϵĻҡ

Ψһ̧ͷˡ

֦վϽ̨ɴϿΡ
û㹻˹ԹĻ

鱾ķҳ˷֦ʼΣ̧ͷӦ֦ͻȻı仯𾪹󣬱ǿܡ
ЩҪģԶģֻģһһֱòС
ǰ֦Σûм
ڣŻش⣬±ȥͷ

÷Χüˡ

˵֣ȴǼһ˵Ļ
̧ͷʱͷ

ղ֦վϽ̨Ŀɨ̨档
ȷţǶˡ֦˫ۣûΪͣһһ롣

֦ȴİ
췢Ծؽȥĺޣ֦ȫ簮ŵһ̣ӱʹ˳ϣݣ̨֦

֦³çΪûֹͣΣ˸ļشȷ𰸵Ծ΢Цͷ

߬ס֦ǰһ֦˽еĳǿƵشȥĹж಻Ϲء

֦ûзŭû˳ӣɫ˦˵ĵķ۱ʣſ̧°ͣĿĮࡣ
ȥ

ΨΨŵŵ֦ǰĽҲܽޣ֦ǰǸ֦ˣַһԽĸɽüĪһ˿η֮⣬һˡ

ȦˣϾҪˡ
ת뿪

̨ϡԼ
Ҳ̫ûò˰ɡ
ɲʦ㣬ô۸˰ɡ
ҪʦͲˡ

֦ȻĿΣǸã·ҲƲĵһ˿ķ紵ݶ

ܹ

վڽſڣ֦ûбӰ쵽Ľͷһһε䣬ޣҲƲס
ͼЦÿΣô;̡

ȥˡ

ľһ˫ۣ޴վץס֦ҲץסԼˡ

ģôͱˡ

ͷһȣˣѾķӵҶ˹͸ߡ

ǿذŤһߣ֡

Ҷ˹ͽ촽ǼֽңΪ˷ֹȥſڣݹȥֽ
ɡ
ӣӡ

Ҷ˹˵Ǻܽ𣬲Ǻóı°޾Ϳޣʲô˵ģɣû˻Ц㡣
̧첲Ĩ۾

Ҷ˹ߵǰ̣ˡ
û㡣
ƽһ㣬Ҷ˹Ϳڣǵ˵ʲô𣿡
š
˵㲻ҪΪˣǸʱܹʿɶֹнأ
س𣬡ҽ㣡

Ҷ˹;ܰŵͣ㣬չȷʵΣ޿ɺǡҲˣǻˣô
ŵͷһֱͷúã
Ȼҽ˵ĻѽܣҴӦ֦ѻ
ٻޣߵԼ˵𣿡

Ҷ˹ûлش𣬽Űѻ˵ꡣ
֦˵Ҳ御ˣԺӣΪԼˡ



56 תУ
⻰˼һ,ҡͷҲ,Ҳš

Ĳһӱ,úһ,аһع,Ҳ֪֮ʲôɵ͵ìܣ˿,ΪģĹˡ㻹㣬㻹һ֪Ļ,۸ˡ

ƿԣ޷Ҷ˹̹Ҫ۸֦ԭÿû֦ıӻʲôǡ
Ҷ˹Ҳ,ЩͬѧҲ,·һܹҧһڡ
뷴ˡ

ѵЩνĺԹʹ,֮,ԸϷ

ʼһ,Ǹû顢֪жĶ
Լ̫,̫ţ֪,ûеߣƢôõ֦Ҳܲһա

֦ҪһˣһֱĻɵһ죬ݽʧȥҪˣ·һѹ񣬲ҪʲôˣҲ֮Ů
ŰѰ˦ͻȻһɡ

Ҷ˹뿪ǰü
üܲԾҲûϸ롣

ڿ꣬ǿμʱ䣬֦ͨһ˰칫ңе岻ͬѧ
ֽһֱû֦ſʱͿ԰úһġ

ʦƯ
ѽ𼷡ʦӣġĥһϣȸҽ

֦ǰҶѧһ֪ôͺѧŰϰǰݣϣԼܳΪһ˶ͿԺʦһμٵʱ䡣
İҵ칫·֦νǴ粽С
խխһȣµˮйͨ

͸Сӵɽ֦
֦ûΪͻȻעͶִ٣෴ݲȣ࣬·ӦˣӦñȫ簮š

ռŵĶЩʲôãһ˵΢СвЩˣôţᱻ֦߼Щ˰Ÿ
֦ô࣬վжߣ֦ܿü

ԽƲţԽǱꡣ
űƿֱײܴ֦֦֪
ΪʲôҪװ

߹ֽңڰƿĳȥ÷סţûˤӡ
̧ͷӳһĻľۡ

֦Ӧ˵ʲôȺѧɢˡ
ֻ֦һŮŮĸ첲Ů˵Цؽ˰칫ҡ

ԭء
գĵһ꣬ʪ˫ۡ

-

ϰ˵㡣
༶ƻͨǼֽңûһ˿
֦ŽȥʱΪһ⡣

֦վſڣӸ¿Ŷǽߵļ
ͷˮ

֦ǧΪǲûһˣûпļĮ˵վ
Ļվͷеȥơ
֦ͷͷ̧

۾ίؿ

֦ĳڳúܿںͿúޣҧǹ·ȥںɫ
ռܳһ˲֦ؿƵʱˡأǰһŦ۵ˡ֦ϵۣͦظֱضԵչʾԼΪŮ˵
֦ڹ

ཡֻˡ
üûнӡ

֦͵üΪʲôӣ
ӶͳֻĻŵ֣֦ԭЩȻ䣬һǿŦϵˡ

㡱
Ǽıע

ϵ绰֦֦ҵ⣬ԴҲãҲա
ʧˡ
֦ĸ첲Ƕķƽ£֣Уܵ㣬ؼҰɡ

ҲѹֵҪ֦ʧ˻ȥ

ƺѡԼԸȨûС
ҪܽŻ᲻ϲˣֻϲ

ڣԣԸǸŵ̬ˣԸ֦λֻҪܹǽ֮ԺΪϷ
֦ǰܵͷԶҲܡ
۸֦ˣ֦Ҳ۸
ôⶼһ塣
ֻܽվظ֦һͬĮ񣬡ҡͻȥ

ֻˣһϡ

֦Ѿ֪ʣ޼ĿĴˣȴϲֻ߳ǵ硣
֪Ӻζǻ͹ܲסһ᲻ȥʱٿԼ
ѾʮˣԺҪɵˣ֣Уܵ㣬⣬Ѿ°ˣΪ֣Уһͨ绰ҾҪԼϢʱ䣬㣬Ӱ쵽ҵˡ

Ѿʮˣ̸ˣ˵ʲôζҲܸҵ飬ҹúøһģʹӴԺ󣬸ԻعԵȻںãǼΪʲôһͨ绰ΪʲôҲΨһĽ㣬Ҿô򵥵£ˡģӰ쵽ҵˡ

ģֻ֦Ĳͷģֻ֦롣
űģþһа취֦أҵͷҹȻ֦ͻʧġ
߾ȫĽάסãһ£Ϊʲôˣ

ֻˡ
֦ᷳĲǼΪ룬ǵ绰ͷͼŽϵǸŮˡ

һֱ죬ûйܣͿԼװû֦뿪ǰǾ仰
Ϊܹˡ

ƿһС죬͵͵֦нԶıӰȷ֦ʱ
ͨһ˫ϥӲĵذ壬ͷ档

-

ʼʱѧѧˡ

ûٶ֦鷳֦ܹеطûз¹Ľ
ͩѿա

˵ͬ
ģǧȷÿѧУſڽǸŮģ֮ǰΪʲôѣϣߵ˵㣬һǰţһҿʲôˣŮϣ˳˰ɣˣȻŮĿˣˡ
˰
ûţʱָˡ
ԲۣŮģҲ̫˰ɡ
ֲãõģƣҸŮˣͼǮɡ

ȿȡ
˻ͷվļſһ

ڱҽ˼ץ˸šǼ֪ʲôԸ񣬶׼Ǹˡ
û뵽һûԣͷתˡ

꣬Ҫû˽㣬ֻڱ۸ʱöֻϽߡ
ʮļû˽㣬ðƹرƿ˽ʱûΪԼ˵ȥˡ

Ǽˡ
Բۣôˣ϶ˣ

ˣ֪ΪʲôǾûνԼڱûνԼһҲûν

Сֻһϡ
֦˵ܹˣͻȻͲˡ

޾ɵλ

µĽҽ

߸Ь̧ͷ֦һŮˡ

Ůеɬ֦ϵһֱûз¡
ŮŵؿŮı

ŮŸҿڣҺãתУҽ



57 ֦ò
Ů֦,΢̷֣ģ֦ơ
ûʲôر֮,ΪֻǸͨתУ

ֻм֪,˭

,һһĬ

֦ʱ,֦Ҳһֱûֹͣɵˡ
ֻҪ뵽Ÿ֦һѪ,Ϊáͻ֮䣬ŮѺǰйܹϵһ,񼵶Ĵڡ
ĵݶһ档
ôءôû
ֹһΡ

ͬڶԾҶ˹ͣѽܻ֦һǸ˶ϣû˭һһڼͷ,ʱʱ̼̿,ʱʱ̿š

֦֪жȴǰǰܻܵĶ
Ϊչõ,ȫȻ˼áĸܡ

ԭ֦νġԺ,ΪԼ

,ӴȫȫΪ,

֦ò̡

һ˵һ仰Ӳ̫,軵ġ
ĻӣǱ軵ġ
֦ĳ谮ʱ֦йĲƢ֦֤ʲôƵ£о
ڣ֦ûˣ˵£ӱ֦Ҫº͡
֦ܹˣԼýӻԼĺãͨͨתƵϡ
ǲڸ߼Ǹ֪ôðƻҵûˣǸ׽ˣ㻹Ͻ

֦þ顣

ûпˣ֦ŵ̨Ǹλ

֮ǰУ걣ȫУһĳɼȵڶʮָʲôϡ¡
ɼôãתѧȻԭġ

ź첨վſںһ¡

̫ó˽Ӵź첨ֻǺ֣ͺˡ
޴ʱͨῴεˡ
λץסվڽ̨֦½ǡ
֦Цָʾο˵˾Ļ
żһЦȥˡ

֦ǲģۿź첨ߣջߣû뿪һûоʼ
ʹü۲·£ôȻ

ҰѲĿͶ

ʦΪʲôҪ
ⲻʦʲôʱôܹǣҵϣܷҵɲ˺öʵΪдŰ
˰ɣСףʦѲõʱվ˺óʱ䣬϶дʲôˣù㡣
һ˵һͲˣұǸתУˣʦˣܹҰɣһҵɡ

С׺ͬڿڶţѾˡ
֦Ǳ߿ȥ
Сè֦ʲôõӡ
֦룬ǾȻһ˿΢СĻȡ

ʦЦˣ

Сر𼤶Ҫڽңվ衣

֦ⷭ飬ʲôûУŻȥ˫ֳſаӣأüŽһ۵ɡɵչ
ȻһСɵֻ

˾ˡ
ҵ죬ʦô֪ģ
磬Ҳûգ۰

ͬѧ֦¶ݵ

֦õֻˡ

ڰŪֻļЦһҲֻˣ֦ô
һζҲĳ谮ΣǷ
Ϳܾõģ

Ҷ˹˵öԣһˣһֱأ
˳˳ŰԼԹߵĽǶȣϸϸһ顪ʲôѪŨˮ׽á

ź첨֦ڽ档

֮ԣͬѧ*䡣
ϾתУʦٻչղʦᣬ˵Ц϶ϤȰġ

ΪʲôҪֻѧУ
֦ͻȻĺǳңĻš

סʦȻһ棬Ƣˡ
Ҳ֪תУôǵʦˡ

ҡ֧֧ᣬҲû˵ʲô

Ĭܳһʱ䡣

͸ӿ֦ǰ棬Сսˡ
һ죬֦ŭĹ

аСʱ
ؽʱ޵һһ飬·Ӷʪˡ

ѧУʵûкϸ񣬲ǹѧԻķѧҵ˼ֻĬֻԴֻҪϿʱʹþͿԡ
ﲻͬѧ͵͵ֻ֦ƤӵҲУ֦һֻ۱һֻۣûйֻܹ£ƫƫΪһתУ
Ϊʲôأ

ΪãѪŨˮѪԵϵԶ֮ܵŦһӵ
ΪףԾôˤ顣

׵Ľùϵ͸
չãҲܽá
㣬Ҳ½㡣

ΪΧߣվ֦֮⣬ЦҲޣĺֻۣԼ˯ҲѲ

ôȴңԡǰ׽Ҫǿ

֦ˡ
ĵӿһ˿΢ڴ᲻ҡ

ûС

ֹ֦ȥֽв̣ж޾

֪ôֿЦˡ

ǰ׽ð
Ψһãô᲻ء

ЩǷܺƭ˵Ļ԰ˡ

ҧ촽ĬĬӺ뿪

һĻңĽ١֦ʲô
֦ǰʼ֮ǳϷ˽
֦İޣȫȥ꣬ȥ

ڲٳϣɹ۵׵̫̫಻Ϊʲôһ˵ƷʣԸ񣬿һҹ֮䷢ı仯
ȥ˼ͷͺʹ
ȥ룬׵ġǴģӦִȥ̽ࡣŲɣԼ̫ˣ֦޿̣űˡ

Ǵľ仰ĴαĴʼܲ˵ġ

ıֽժϻߵſڣŶ·棬һֻèļ
Ҷ˹͸վڴԱߡ

嵣ǵ˵Ҷʦ⺢ӿŲԾòӳʲôɣôè˵ϻˣɲС¶øϽȥҽԺǧӰ߿˰
Ҷ˹Ϳֻʱ䣬Ĳ
Ūɶϣ
Ը̡ⲡòֹһ˰

Ҷ˹ûǰ˵ĻˣΪˡ

Լĺģ˵˼仰ڳЩЦݡ

ǣżϳ
ˬķ紵ϣʹͷࡣ

Ȼ֪ʲôܿӵУѳ¿·лвݣá
ʺѹֵļ顣

˻Ϊжϲһ
ġ
͹ʱĳ֣ů̫ˡ

ȴ֦뿪۲òˣֵʱոպã㿴

޷ȥЩ֦Ըȥչ˵۾ֹľ״̬вõʺأʧ¾չ˲Լˡ
Ҫһˣ֦о١

ߴӳƵϣ溰֣



58 ǲҪ嵽˴
ƽʱĳƺҪôǡϰ塱,Ҫôǡι
żһ㡱ҲǷʡ
ôԵ޹ֱˡ

ָʶĦ̱Ե,Ժһֱôҡ

׹Ļ,ʧ,̸ɡ
ţ
˵,ɡ棬ڿЦ

Ȼһ,飬ļ顣
Ϊʲôأ
Ĭ֯ԡ
ʣ,һϲ𣿡

ŵ۾װλεĴ𰸡

۵ʧһţ֪̾Ϊʲôһֱ𣿡
ҡͷ
˵Ҫǲϲ㣬ȿǵģԼϲһ˵ʱ,ܵķӦۡ,㻹ѧǸ嶯,ڡҿԿסԼ,ȵĸԸһ,ȵҲһ졣

ůĻ,üûôˡ

ԣԺޱظ,Ϊʲô𣿡

Ŀζҩ̫࣬ҲûʲôЧ
˯þ㣬ûô˯ҵ״̬ҲǺܺãҪ㾭Ҷ硣ҲټѹԼˣҲĸˣ㣬õѡ񡣡

õѡ
ǣѡǸˣѡ
ҳǸ˶Ρ

صѣڰûۡ

רļݳûŤͷ
͵Ůˣ̫õĻİ飬ΪԼٰͻȻһ˴һʼܰһУʹ౯ˣ˿֣

ãһ𡣡Ц˵

ʻ

߳ϸƣһһ˫۾

Ӿǰˣ

-

ͬȥأʱЩزǺöŸ֣͹һЩ
ſ֣һڲԷ

һȦӣСأ
պûԷ֣诸ʢ뷹Ǳ߳Աġ
С򲻻ˡ

ֵúܣһ׳ȥŮѳȥˣ
š
ŶԣĩѧУżǲǣСƵ浽ܻɣ
֣课͵ҳˣ̾˵ɲСԴ̸ҵʱԽԽˡˡǰ浽ٻ֪ؼңڿɺãҶˣֱסһȥˡ

ʵͬúܣΪ׻ô˵סһˣⲻʰɣջĻСϾϸУ£Ҳõȵбҵ֣У£ǧ÷ϰ
ţʲô£֣Դȫǲ˵ʲô
𡰰ѽһǸָס
֣读Ȼ򣬺˿ˮ˹ز˲죬¶ʹСŮˣǻûеһˡ

׻ͬˣô֣ࣿУҶ죬СŮѣСô꣬ҿС򶼻Ǹӣôµȥ֣ӶŹˣָʲôʵ
֣䴽һЦ

һ⣬ѻȥ

ؼҺȲ֦ͨ绰ԼС˼
֦֦Ҹ˵СŮѾԲ򵥣֣УྫһˣˣСᣬñƭ

绰ͷ֦ĺأܾãоҪ᲻ˣػ֣У˵ʲôˣ

æ˵Ůĸ֣У˵СûеһһˣĿǰ˵Ĺϵǳĵǣ֣УȻˡ֦֦ң𣿡

ȼ֦һЦ֣Уˣ

ɲ
Ǳ˹绰Ҵ˵䣬͹ˡ

صĺ̴ľŽڵڵͶõĹӰ
֦ؿڻɳһСصˮ̻Ҹ𣬳Ľëһһˡ

𣿡һ
֦ߵܺ곤Ӣһͷ̷

˱

֦Ļζʿɱı򣬱ͱڷĲЦȻ
ôô϶

֦ȣȹѿĲ¶Ÿ߸ЬϸĽס
ϸЬţĽż

֣У˵ûյĻ
ܺ²ӣȻᣬ㻹ʲô
֦ǼʲôͷȹⱭľƣ촽ɫøԸУʲô

̫Ϊǣܶң

ܺҪǲ㣬ܸʶҪǲ㣬ҹϵ㰲ŵеʦҪǲ㣬ô㣬ñ֪߻һ֪

졣
ˣ˵Ŀˣ

֦촽ڰҹҲ˱ۡ

ú֦ȻܺȦ߸ЬЬ˲ƤЬȾջţ֪Ĵڣأ
㲻ҡܺƶ˵

֦һɳǷϵͷһƬڣٵһ̡
谵õҹ£ˣ͸ƿһеĵʹݡ

Ϊһӵģ֦ΪʲôȥˣΪʲôˣ

֦̻ҡ
ãռǿġϲҴ¶·ϲѣϲұע͡ǰ룬ֻҪģҿһӶ˼ǲסӵĴͳŮˣǡ

ʲô

֦˿̣˺ܾã³
ԺҲٺˡ

ܺʣΪʲô

ʹʱ֦΢̻ھƱﻹûڻı棬Լɳ̸ˣѹĵ׺ܾúܾõĻ͵ۣӲ
ٺǲҪ嵽˴ˣ

-

ͬѧ˭˭ãһʱ򣬲Ͷˡ
·ģȥһǳѵ¡ѵĲѧϰڲȥļ
һֱһ˳Էһѧѧ

ΣڲٳƺϣϷ˱飬ԶԶżŶ¥¥ݷ֣ѡ

Ա𣿡
˳̧ͷЦòõԾ

ѺһЦѽ
ԾܻϵۣҲϲ¥
šգգۣ޺ӣҽģܸ˵ȻѧƣҪӴѧ

㣿㻹н㣿
Ŭ죬ʶġ
˭Ծʵ벻
תת飬ɬԺ˵ʦҽ㡣

Ծſͣ°Ϳǿˣǣôһʦã֮ǰǼ㣬ʦмã

ǳ˵Ҹͬͬĸ׽ãǣװֺͼһˣԣҵĽͳɼĽˣǽãʵûаѪԵϵġ

Ծ˵ըüϢ
׽ãΪʲôҪôΪ׽ãʦͼٵݣڲʲô
ΪʲôʦҪüײң
Ϊʲô߶˸ϵ岻ŮˣʦԸ䣿

ԾԺ͡

Ծܺ޺ܼʣûбֳ֣ЦڴߣҽԾʦĿδȻʦãǾˡ

һѣжԾ˵ֻɬص˵ͷ

Ծ¥һŲҴȵ֦󾫹⡣



59 ʦϲ
ֻмһ,Ŷſڿż΢¡

֦һֹʹҩŵǣվǰ,ϸϸع۲

շŲĺ죬ÿһκϷĴִ
˲˯ŵġǲ,̫ˡ

֦ͷ,ԥŰ˻
ȷʵܹˡֻ˵,αؼģװʲô

ʹе,۾һգؾ˯ˣǱʶ֪֦,ۣۡ

žһ洰̨֪˭ɹˡ

֦ͷһۣë΢΢ӳǵĻȡ

紵óĽſ֨,ָ֦ⴥĶ,˼
ãˡ

ܵľٶûоѼ

ܺá

֦վֱ,΢΢ͷ,˿Ӷ,ˡ
شϢ,͵ǵӰʧ뿪

-

βú,ȥҽԺ룬ҽĴҩήҲģ˵û˯

֣ʵڲģⶼϾŵˣûߡ
ǲѼӻؼңǼͲϸȥ

ҲֻдߣɲĲŻϣԸϡ
ϲĿʼ

ڴϣ۾ǱŵģȴһһĦֱ̡
üͷ͸¶ʱĵĲȡ

֣诰˳ְŴϣ¥ˣҪǹʮ㣬СûãǵôҽԺ
ڵģûƺ˵
ʶһָۣ촽С򽻸ңͷİɣչ˺
֣ȸղŻҪ󣬡ôİ㣬ż죬Ͱչ˳ˡ

һȱ𼤶˵û۸Сһ¶ûУ᲻ãġ֣诣ңҪȥҽԺĲʲôʱͨˣʲôʱͺˡ
ޱؿ֣诵ۣĲ𣿡

֣ظһ飬Ĳ

⣬ҽĲˣָ˭أ

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֦Ծ֪֪һȥˣʲôӰ죬˹ĻʦЩ뷨ڶ

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֣ۿˣڱʣ֪֪Сж㡣



61 пԵ
֦֣Ҫ֧Ųס,æס

֣诿ߵ֦֦ղ,һʼ֪СĽ㣬ӽС,˲ϲѵ,ھ͸㣬ʵ뷨,ᡣ
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֣读ش˵ΪռС,չܸõҲΪ˽ܸ,ĲرҪԺ˵裬Ҳߴˣһ˹okûϵ,һЦſߡҲӽ,ΪһĽᣬٴοġ֦֦,ҿǵĸ顣С,Ǻ,̫˰

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֦ͻȻõͳָ߬÷ףŬʲô
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֣诺㷢֣뿪ûСﵽ״̬ˣѭѭգ߳ȥ
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ѧУ֦ûͷҲûΪͣͣڱǼԸжüĺܣİζ䵭֦һȫİ
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ľһˣһӻˡ
Ҳ޷۸֦ˣֻμʵĻ޷ȼա



62 ҰС
֣˫ֳ,ĿӹȺΧ֦
Ӱ·һܴɢָ½,Ҫץסʲôȴץס
ЩѾԶȥ,ȻվԵ,ߴһˣܶ,ңԶ֪ĵط

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ûҴҲὩô죬𣿡

֦̣˼ѧУְѳһ̺С

Ҷ˹;ٲʹѻ˵֦꣬ǾҪͷˡ
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Ҷ˹ͶԼĪĹģ֦üһ
ĲԾ

״̬˵Ĵųܹ֣ǳ֡

֦ûס̵֧ˣһڣ˷Ρ
Ϊʲôһ˵Ծҿõúܡ



63 ȫУʦῴƬ
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ǡ

֦ƿеģҶ˹ͻҡ
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֦ķӦ,ʵ֡
֦ãκ˶֦жں,ƽʱֿƵƤŵС

Ϊʲô֦ôƶû£
ͺǼĻ׳һ

Ҷ˹ͺɵؿһۡ
֦Ȼݹذ˳紵ҵͷ

ԶΧһȦѧ,߿ļӦþѧУcpǲѧ

֦ˣֻһЦûб,Ҷ˹Ͷ˵˹,õѣεˣ㲻ᱳҰɣ

һŮ,Ĵڱε,ſʽԼĳ,ڹ֮,һһ΢,˲ʧȥǡ

Ҷ˹֦ĹƻججرǣᣬԶҲᱳ㡣

֦ṴҶ˹͵죬һҶ˹ͱ㲻ظǰ

˹ͣá

֦΢΢תϸϸĦҶ˹ıԵ۽Ц㵴ȴ˾ḡ
תУӰ͸ζ

Ҷ˹Ͳȥǵĺþòƽþ뿪

Ҷʦôﰡ

ĸӭطһļֵֹĳر࣬ͬѧԸ
Ҷ˹ͣǶһ㶡

⼸ˣƷô

Ҷ˹ûǺɫϾҪϿˣǲؽңʲô
£ǡ
ʵڱﲻˣǸݺƴʹɫӺӣ˵ˣ
ݺͣˡ

֪ʲô˻Ӻһһܵñһ

Ҷ˹˼ϸ֦΢ţǰ෶գмúõģ֪Ҫʲô⼸עһ㡣
֪ˡ

֦˳΢ţֻ

ɫں카ճΣ
ױݣϲ

֣˵ˣҪͼһؼҡ
֣ϣǼܹ
üĺܼ򵥣ֻ֦ҪѵκҪӣգ

жĲױǰò׼صǲҡ֦Ϊס֣诶Ůһϲѡò
ֱˡ
ϵˮڶ
ûоʹȥѧʱе˷Ρ

-

ԾӰ칫ҳжױֱ֦֮ǰӣἫˡ
һϰΣȫû˼ѧϰͣػͷ
ɫã֮ǰ޾ɡ

֦Ѿͺˡ

ԾһӳȵףʳΪ̬Ĵ߻ʺԹίͳ֦һһȷܾ󣬶ѻĵĺޣ޴й

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عͷһѾúܽСԷ
ô
ԼʦһȥԷʦ˵Ҫͼһؼң֪𣿡
֪
㡭Ծί˵ûʲô뷨𣿡
˵ǽãҲǽãЩӣһֱңڳʱ䣬һҲ֮е£ңǴСһ𳤴꣬κ˶Ȳ˵ģ𣿡

ζؿԾһۣѵŲԭλרȥæԼ¡

Ծȥ֦ǰ֣˭֪ף˵һеĶֻ
棬þȫսǲֻ

λҲڵͷֻ֣请ϢѾö顣
С򣬽Ϸѧʱ֦֦ѧУſڵ㣬һؼҡ

֦ЩӣǧٴθԼٰѿԼΨһȤǰɣΪԼɡ

ǲһϢģôֿʼˡ

ΪԼбҪ¸̸ȥϢһؼҡ
֪ģѾǰ߹ˡ
㡭
ɾɾ򣬲֪˵ʲôˡ
֮ʣַܿϢС˵ܶˣԸܿġ㲻ˣʱ绰ңȥ㡣
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ѧڴ죬߳ҡ

༶λǰɼŵģϰͬѧںţǰżûͬѧ뿪
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Ҫ֪ӣÿ춼ƴѧϰԼЩΪķϵѧҵ
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ͷԾտյλǹһĨζЦ

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ŵЩӣλһĻǲǱʱ̫ãʹκĸ֪ࡣ
֦ȥûôȸԾƽ֣ܰƽ

䵭طʱҲһʱ򣬺޵úңÿ춼*
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֦˵Щ죬ĲǹԶģпԵġ
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ȷôһ˲䣬˵ˣн٣صǰ
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ɫտյվ·£֦ؼҡ

֦ıӰǺ۸ģԾȴġ
ڽϰʲô𣿡
֦ԴԾʣһ˿ǵȻ޴棬Цһ
ʦ㻹ǹ۰õģΪ˺ģְԼˣ

йϵ𣿡

֦ĻԾԺصһǿҵԤУҪǾô֦ˣӽԺԼһ¡

֦תҪߣԾס󣬰ֻĻ׼в˵ߣȻҸ㱣֤һӣȫУʦῴƬ



64 ұĵ
֦,ŵˣŵ
ãһ,ôˣ

Ծǰһܽܽ,˵Ӱ·ƵĹӰΪһ塣
֦벽ˡ

Ծǰ,˵ʦô,ÿĶ㡣̫ˣֻáϲ,ϲ㡣ҵĮңϲǼùģô,ֻܶĽÿ͵͵۲㣬עһһʦҸ㣬˱Ҹ˽,Ǹνá
͸˲ʵ̰,Цơ
㡭ʲô˼
Ծ˻ֻʦֻһƬ𣿡

֦۾úܴ,ͫӳžֵĹ⡣
Ĳҷ,ֱԾ˷ܼ,ЦݸŤ
,ңȻνðѷ,ǲǾþͺܰȫˣʲô˵ʲô֪ʦ̫ˣ֪֪ʵһ㶼á

֦ɫ԰ֻֽëȻ촽΢΢ſȡ

ҪǸҴְ̰ƵƬѧУ̳ʦԲںԼѵҲں𣿡

֦Ӳվԭأ񱻱Ƶ
㵽Ҫʲôֱ˵޷ֻҪ˺ʲôҶӦ㡣

ĺںãΪãЭԹ޻ڡ
ԽԾԽǲԿ

ʦ㶶ʲô£ҲΪģҾ̫ϲˣҡ
ãԡ

ңɼˣԼڲǰδеĿԾڴ̶ԽԽ۶ʤߵĹãܵ§֦ļ磬෴ķȥ

ڿʼٸ˵һ仰ЦΪЩͲʺ·ʦ֪֪㻯˺촽жԺϣÿ춼ܿӵ㣬ҵԸ𣿡

Ծָǯ֦֦ƿ΢΢ʹ࣬ҪͷһļȴҶΪԾֻĻʾڷҳ棬Ѿǰ༭ã֦Ҫһ£ɫԾ˵׼һ嶯·

ʦ㻹ûлشңҵԸ𣿡
֦ǿһĨЦݣԣҲҪӦңԲ˺¡

֣ԾĵļʣҧгݵȻ
§֦̬Ϊֱӵķʽ֦ߣҲֵˣǣʤߵ̬ͷ

·¶վļӰصҶǱһƬҶ¼š

ǰļһе׷ȥ֦

紵ִ̧ͷҹա
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һ̲ˮ޲Ϣ

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ҡҡ׹¶һĨԳЦЦԼ̫̫޴ЦԼһһϵƭǰܹ֮ôʹĽѵȴһα˵
ʱǿŵ£֪ԼĲģԭԤУ֦ߵģؼҵ·עҪһꡣ

ˣұĵΡʧǵૡ

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һ˻ġ

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֣ѹ͵ƣţСⶼûؼˣ״̬Ҳ컹ģô͡

ˣ㿴㣬˵ԺҲֲС£Ź˼죬ǲǣ˵ͰķŶС
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ڻǶҺȥȴҲزȥʱ⡣
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ҳСڱö࣬ٹһʱ䣬ǶˣļڣܳˣϺʹǼʱ󲻵̿ݳƷղġϲܸǶıӣҶ䡣Ϻůͣᱧңů֣ůţůӡ˵ķӴ©ңҾͲˡ

͵شӻ߬ǣ۾ġ
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ôԲҪѪءૡ

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ú䣬
˵ңңûôǿô

֪ò¶ﻰǶ˵ģǺܸжеڶôôҪļ

ãҴӦ㡣

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ڶ졣
ѵú磬磬֣诿΢΢һ㶡

С㲻˯ˣ
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֣诶Īţ˵ɣС򡣡

ʮ룬ԼҪ˵ʲôڵ״̬
裬ӦѧҿҪʳˡ

֣诳һˣһΪҪ˵ʲôأѧʱԣû
Ӳؿ˾Цѧ飬֣Уǩǲǩ
֣ۺᣬǩУһǩҳһҲǩ

°ֿͣʼ
֣ͷ¾ŵֻ֡

ǽȥѧУһˣЩҪ졣
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ֻ˯֮ǰ˵Ļ

ȥһûʶǵĵطɣԽԶԽá
ȥãʡ
ͷԸȴ㣬һϲˡ



65 ͵͵ϽĴ
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,Ҳô,֣˵һ䣬Ӧһ䡣
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йƵһ,Ҳһ׮Էʲôûͨںһ˵
Ҳ˷ʱ,ֱ˵Һͼг,˭Ҳߡ

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ѧУʦͬѧ
Ҫѧˣûǡ

ָ֣촽,µ˵ǡ֦֦
šǳǳͷ
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лҵģұ֤СԽԽá

Щӣ֣ܸоԼ˵أᣬҴҶ»첽뿪
Һͼָú÷һʱ䣬԰ѵ绰ˣ΢Ҳ˳¼ˣԺһϵһΣһúչİɡ


Ӧ֣诵ǹ

Ī

²ۣ˵Ļ֣зϡ
Ȼˣʵ֦֣诶ΣҪöࡣ

ϰû֦У칫ҡ

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AȹѾˡȫױ͹֪ʡ
һۿȥ֪Ĵȴǰÿһ춼ҪƯǰһ
ĹȵˣĻôԼ
֣ɡ
֦˫׵ַۣӶڸ֣诣жġ
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ʱ֦˫˵ֻʣԼǴ𡪡ôһ˫ۣôƭˡ

֣说֦Աߣ§ļ磬ο֦֦ǲʲôˣ۸㲻ҪԸ˵ġ
ֻ֦һζҡͷ̲ס뿪ڣʵпԣʹסۡ

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֣Цţһ

֦üĲоҪˣ״εҡʵСˣ׼һؼҵģңҲ֪ô˵ˣû취û취ҲܻصСߣܱϲӣҺûá
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ʲôԣҾһ˺СҶԲ֣̣С򲻻ʧɣС򲻻Ҳ˰ɡ
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ӣƽ֦ʣСôˣûڽҿ

ôһ˲䣬֣诲Ͱ֪ж֦ȫг̫ûǰǷΪ֦ĳ嶯ȻȻѹȥ˸ۣ˵ģɵĻ
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һڣ֦ϳ΢ı仯

ȷʵֻڱ߳㣬ڱĳС
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ɫĲʽΪһżɽˮСԺĹԺһ峺ĳӳӰ֦Ҷ˹Ͳվһ
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㲻ֹкܶŮѣкܶѡϲϲȾơ㲻ϲױϲŨױ¹ﶼʱе·¶ģԸеģϲ㲻ϲɡ֦һ㣬ʱ㣬֪ȥһˡ

Ҷ˹˵˰죬֦߶û

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㡭ʲô

֦֧̣һڣҶ˹ָỮա

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Ҷ˹һʹɫ̡֦

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֦̯̯֣ЦúûĵһһģôڣңôڰΪʲôҪҹ˯͵͵ϽĴûû˵ȥǸϣǸְĽ㣬ʵܱûû˵ȥ

Ҷ˹ֱˣþòſڣֲ֡׽ãʵ飬ûϵġ

֦죬ͷʱʵˮƵɤ˲䱬Ҷ˹ͣǲһģģİ
Խ˵Խ˵ֱʧ

߶ǡ

УΪ̾Ϣ֦һһڰ̣ģۿˮ¡



66 һ£ֲỳ
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Ĺ۲ԼŮĲͬ
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㷿Ҫŵģһ,ƿķ,⧲ײϽ·
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ڷ壬Ǵѿ,ǻû¶ͷСģ̽ġ

ССҧָʺš

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ʮͷСŮûнܹԽ˶Լÿһ춼ڱ仯,ò,,߳ܡ
ǵزտʼʱ,֦Ǻ·ϲü·
ȵ,κǺųУȵԴΣҲϰ

ʱˣ÷㷢

Ǹ㷢ǼҼҶеԵģ˶ֻģϢķʽкܴľԣǵ˼ܴӵҲ


˼кŮ
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ζҪˣζѾˣ¶ԡҹЩ̸ӣҳ㷹һſھһ˿죬ԱǷڽǷ׼ǷѾΪʲôŷǳǿҵƿ
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Щʵ̫ˣϴ̸Ӳ߳ܣŮ¾һƬ˹ϵӦöزصܡ

⽨Ļ£˼δŮǱĬͱӰˡҪǲǴŮҪһǱҪδɷģǺŮ˵ı׼һŮˣҪʱץ
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ഺڵ֦Χһֵ󡪡±֪ԼѾ¾ˣ涼˭¾ˡ

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֦ûǰ󷽷óһƬԼÿ춼ڱ仯壬ܱ߳˵۹⡰ӡ˺ձΪϰߡ

÷ٴҲŮˣ֦ΪСʱôģϧСʱ򣬲û˽̹ϴ⼸꣬ʶĲǺɽˮᶨͬ˼롣
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֦֦ҴˣӦ׼ЩģҴŹ۲ˣ룬㴩ſ϶ʣǳʱһһԺҿҪϸŵ㣬ʱæû취޾ϸչ˵㣬֦֦ҪԺ벻ˣһҪǵø˵𲻺˼֪𣿡

֦뵽÷۲ڷ壬Īһ˫޴ز˲˫ȡ
ͷ˿Ϊ顪᳤ø
ǧҪٳˣͬѧῪҵЦ

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󣬽ķ洫ίĿ



67 ǿԻؼ
Ҷ˹ʣԺ߶ʲôˣ

֦ȥһ,ͷҹҫ΢ԹĳˮЦơ
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㵽׶ʲôˣ

,ΪʲôССͲѧãΪʲôҪֲ֪ܵ¡Ъ˹۾ңһƽ,ø߰һ˫۾,ȴڹֻǸͨˣżҲմմϲǱһѱ߰,Ϊ׼ʽĸж,֪,ĸ߰,ȫ츳ʱҵĺû֣̿һƷ,ǲҪˣץסף˫סҪԶнȸ

Ҷ˹ͱֹ־塣
֦§ʳָ򢣬͸Ŵ̹ǵ䡣
ʱңίؿˣҼ˷ַŭ˷ֻܹݻĸ߰ŭǲôô׾ͽеͶ

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˵ţβһӵûˣ䵭ĵ׵ľһơ

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ܴģҲиԣôһֻȸ
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֦ΪʲôԽԽͿˣôһȦصߣͺΪʲô̬ȿʼת䣬ְƿ㵽Ҫʲô

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վߵߣסĸ첲һۣǿԻؼˡ



68 ֦Ͼʲô
ǵ׼뿪߳ʱ,ԼеʱжãҪȡڼ
ȼԸΪ֦򿪵Ĵ,ȼһϲˣǾͿԻˡ

ǰ,Ѿøϼ׼,ʱ۾˵ѡ
Щ,ûп΢飬ˡ

˵绰,סתļĸ첲׿˵
˵ǿԻؼ,ʲô˼
泯󺣣ʵĺ紵ĳɵ££ͷȥͦû˼ġ
ĵģڳǿ

Ц,ʱͨ,ĵģʱֿʼΪԼڳǿ
ǵҪȻ,һʱ,кüûȥ,ȥ֮󡭡
,ίذѻ˵꣬òױõֱ˭Ӱ쵽,ǲǹһˡ

һʼҲôģһ󡣵賿ʱҹ㲻ߣ߳ȥһվ̨̣ѹӡһֱΪһǿˣûлһۣܹܵжѹҵʱ룬㣬رظұģ֪˺ζҺãǧ򲻸ȥġҲ֪Ƿˣû£ҿܻҪܶܶʱ䣬ҲȷҰѾϣҲֵ̫ˡ

ǣ֣һɳϸɳ̲ȵĵطȥ
ң㡣ӣһߡ

Ӻǻر߳ǵ·̲Զܵңǵ·Ȳȷأ뿪;ҹ·Ǿٳ

꣬û뿪֣ôʱ䣬˵ͻ֣һ鶼رá
ᣬüλʦ˵ˡʲô֣Уá

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֣诸ϽϵʮӺع绰֣Уˣ֦֦ڼء
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֦ѧУʦպѧУѧ֦է⣬պøסżǳھӡǱ֣ˣ£֦ߡ

֦Ͼʲôܡ

ϸ˼֣֣ϣԼˡ

Ȼһҵķһ䵽ϣ֣Ȼûջ˼·ٴ㣬Ƕɢֽҳ⣬æȥһҳһҳɢõǵֽҳ
϶һ٣Ŀͣڸռҳֽһɨæем䣬װԼûп

ع֣ߵߣӹǵϣлл


ȥҲ˷ʱ䣬֣诱ȥˡ
ڻؽҵ·ϣϰԵͷǽȥ

ղĲһҳֽͨǼѧ顣

-

֦θ۵ȥҽԺ
ҽ˵ֵģ飬Ҫ̫ǡ
Ҷ˹ͲģһȥģҽĻζؿ֦һۡ

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һΣ֦ȶ˾ƣҶ˹ȥʱ򣬿§ŽŮֹŻѪŮĲӣɡ

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Ҷ˹ͺ˿֦ǺˣǻˣҶվһߣΪұҲʲôˡûлҾϲ㻵ӡ㣬ѻ˵ˣԼƭȥˡ

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θҲ޷ֱ֦ͦ뿪Ҷ˹͵۽ǣλƮһĨ졣



69 Žĥ
,֦ʱʮһŵϴװθҩ,ȴȫǾֺȶ,Ѿ֪״̬ˡ
,ʶʲôʶѡ

ȥ

ֵ֦,Լҡҡλεڵ̺,ͷɳ
ֻ֦ͣѰù,һİˡ

֣˵ǣȻ֦׽ãϵĲ࣬Ķк֦ϦദļϵҪá
ʵ

֦ûðΪİ,Ĺĵվ,Ҫѵӡ
ô
֦ͷӣյ֦ǰ,֦ĸ֮,װͰ͵˵,㲻ôȾ,θҪҪˣ

֦绬գ۾
,øӣƵԵʣЩǿĺԽԽįҿˡ
ȥˮ

֦æµıӰģǲΪ׽ãǵĹϵͺܴ⡣

ҺҲ׽þͺˡ
֦۾ǽЦ

ˮ֦һСڡ

㣬⿿Ҳҷطɡ
һûϴ衣
ˣûǱϴˡ
֦̫ѨҪϴġ

·࣬̾ζҲࡣ

ʵڿˡ
㣬ҪǲϲֵطԲȥģÿϰôҪҪˣòΪ

죡

ˮڿлߣ䵽ϣƬɢ֦ޱزȹƬȥ
ʿɶֹ׷˵㣬ĥԼ˺òã

֦Ųһͣؿǽʶץͷ˿ҵɢϣ˺Ѻʹ֯һضűѪȾĵذ塣
ˣƮɢֻʣһھƾг

ֻǺȵƣһ棬ôͳĥԼˣŽĥÿÿ붼ǸҰĽ⿪ˣҲˣʲôɲ֣Ҹ㣬ҿֵúܡ

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֦ǳǳȥһΪһõ顣
˾˰ɣѧˡ

΢һ죬֦˷š

ƹĲϣصڵղ۵׵

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ҹˣŵķֻӱĵδ鷿棬ǰָϵťĵ
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һģƾʲôôãֻ˼Ŀ࣬ȴϢļ߲ͥ꣬Ϊʲô㣬ҡ*

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ڣ֦ûرǿҵ뷨ˣҲͲΪǿԼʲôˡ

ʵڲЩմߣͼƹǡ
ĶѸٵǰ
Ů񣬺öûˣɰǸ缸ˣ߰£¡

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ЩӲģʱ˶ͷڹ꣬˵仰úúõһԼ䲻䡣
Դۿ߸ϵŮͷӣȫ˷ˣŮҲˣƽһġ

ͷ
ƴһʼûǶˡ
ЦŮϲǴŰŶðɡ

ݺķյļ磬߰ɣ硣ˣղҿһеĳԾǱȥˣԾɲԸӣǵġ

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ȺżѾɢЩ˲٣ʻԸһеģûʲô⡣

ûʱ任УˣҲҪѧˣͲôˣγĶĸУѧУķȥ
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ƿڶţ˱ǵĻҳǺ˰벽γĺǳˡ
Ųʣƿţ֨ѽһ

谵ĹӳƯϸС౻ʹ۾ߴģղڱſڶİ˸վſڣˢˢؿЦϷʵơ

ͷƤһ飬΢΢ӿ죬ˡ
ô⣬Ծأ

չһЦ͸˲
ʲôԾǲ֪۸缸Եأżûأżˡ

ע⿴ǵм༶ģʶ̫ʶˣһ׳һǰ

˰һ룬Ǹ˻Աһ롣
׳˵ѽŮôѧУֲʲô£졣

Ťͷߣ룬ΧһȦм䣬һһǼ谵ҡ
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֣Ҫ͵һ㿪ˡ

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֣У裬ӻأ



70 ҼСǶõĺ
󺰴û,ҲûãЩûĵģԽ,Խͷ
֪ǵ˼侲,ҧ촽ֹס

ʹ˸ɫ,ݺƨƨߵؿڡ
ǿɶˣ,ŮֻҪԹ,Ͼͷ㡣

ӣ͸һɺݾݺﴩЬĽűһ,ݺݲȥ
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㲻֪𣿡

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ס°ͣǿ̧ͷˮۣ׳üë¡
׳Ǻܸĵ˵ֻ

˼ǻĵط̶Ц·ǵĻ
ǽر۾

ݺָżЦ٣Ҫǲǣް޾Ϳޣ
ĵģˡ
ǣŮǲУƽʱøʲôƵģؼʱ򣬳˿޾Ͳˣ͸Ǹɰ֪Ļɫˣ

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ˣ磬ʹ˼һƣˣ

Ĳȣֱ֧ӹϣɢңڼϣƷ˿ڲϣǱ
ʹͷĿն˫߰һֻۣʣĻҰ

׳ش˴֣磬ܲĵض
˵

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˭ɵӣ

׳һˣУе㲻ˣȥԺȥ淢ۼɡ
ʹһ£ʲôһ룬ôеˣӶûˣඪŮûǻŮ˵ӾǽʮҲҡ

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ִЦôˣԸһϲġ
˵Ǹأ

ʱһҵײ顱һ죬ǰȶסȥ·űײӿ룬̵ý˫۵ļƤһ۾վſڣۿ֣诡

վźü֣诣ŵˣղж裬ھжˡ

˿ӹһ٣ΪͷˣѴ̣һסѾŵµЦ
ǡģģ͡ģǰɣͬѧ

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ԶԶԣͬѧء

֣诽߬ȭͷʲôǰһĻŹڵϵǸǱŮıŮƽʱ˵᲻õģôҵġ
׾ʲôĽôԵ÷֮顣
ҲͿ֣࣬诲ǰˡ

֣ϵ׳µĻ֣ȫûš
ϽԼɾҪԽȥˡ
һתжΣָŷգ󺰵֣Уҵģ
˵ţҸǰôôܻ˺ǷձңĵӣҲ֣ܺ߰У

ҧгݵس۾㡭

ݺ˶˳׳Ļ˵Լȥ
ݺһƲԣæʪĿӣ׳ǵӪҡҲǱƵġ
ϵζǹǿҵζһ

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ʱ򣬳˷գѾôˣҪ֪Щ֣꣬课ûѧԴѧһݣǶˣǸ۾˹ϴ¿ԾȫУڰˣЩˣָմĹ⣬Ϊѧʣ֣Ҳǿġ
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׳ӦȰѼֻûĸ첲ӦرסԼ

ס֣

׳֣һ̧ͷ֣߹ûǡ

֣诹ڼǰ˫֣뱧һŵֻСѯʡ
Ա𣿡

衭ˣӲһˣ֣读һֻ˵Сè
֣ͷֹסضԣˣˡ

Ǽ˵ɴ۾ְֺûڣԭ˵ģʱôԴüڻǣ֪֣诵ŮǽǶٸҲ۸
շȥֻܰϣиǸȫУڰˡ

ŹǿСѧϰãõͬѧ޷õŴװģ۾
֣УҽŹǿģӦ֪ҵģȥĩҿȫУǡ

ٶ⼸˵һ仰֣诿ܾҪʧȥˣͱǶܽ
ͷشϣ˵Щûãȥ˵ɡ

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ҴҸ֣һ𣬰Ѽߵſʱ֣ͷûأһ䡣
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еˣãǾȥ֣úɡ

֮ǰѧѾذ༶ûΧ鷢̶ϱ˼
ǵûȥ¼ڹֳֻ˱¼ΪᵽԾԾҲˡ

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ҡ֮ǰһ죬˵ǶԼûģһΪǾ˵ģû£û뵽ǡĸңӦѼģҵĴ

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š
ҡҡͷʣ1146֣ʲô
ʳóԷ

֣ˣ䣬뿪ˡ
ǰ˸ˣѧУѾǱô⻹⳥⣬ǻõѶᡣ

֣诵У칫ң

֣վſڣס׼ߵԾȵȡ
ôˣ֣У
֪Ϊʲôᱻƭ𣿡
Ծҡͷ֪

֣ӣͷˮ
ƭ˵һŲԸ㣬ȥңһŮӻᱻ۸Уܵһء
һЦЦ

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ΪʲôҪңԾૡ

ÿһģ֣诱ʹ
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һˣ

֣Ĩȥ۽ǵᣬ¶ǶЩʧ
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֣诿Ʈۣһһٵ
ҼСǶõĺӣԶҵĽ



71 ֦Ǹֹ
֣诰Ѽúܺ,ô飬˼λų֪Աѧʦڲ,ȻûϢɢ

Ŀ֪ͨУͨ㲥ȫУͨ,ɼ̬ԡ
ǵĶ¼,֣ûϸȥ˵ǶԼĶ˺,ֻǷǿ°ܻĸ֡

ͨϣ۷׷ס

Ϳǲ˳,źء
֮ǰҶ˵ǸգĵҪ,Ѱȫ׵򴵣˻Ͷġ
û˵תѧУ֮ǰɧͬУŮűġ
ѽ,¶
,ѧУĺã֣УѧǵѧʵĹߣرԻ,ֻвѹ,ѹû,ǰرѧ,ѧϰѧУѹֵķΧ,㶼֪ҳйܵжϣʦϿεʱҺ˿ˮǷվдֵģ֪ĻΪҷʲô
֣У̫ˣҾûʴȵˣѧϰõĲõģһͬʣһҲƫġ
ģҪ˵ǰ࣬Ĳõġ
֣Уſ˰˸ˣˣϣǷĴҪ۵ǰɡ

У칫ҡ

֣诺վ⣬˳Ŵȥɳ˯ˡ
ú磬γͷۣ£òȶ˯һǺõġ

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֣˫ֳˣ۵ãУ԰һУһһľѪ
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´ĲǼ֣诼ô̶̰ʱ䣬Բࡣ

ļ磬οˣҪʲô¶ôģҪ鲻ãԸ˵ҪˣҵһγͲҲû⡣

һִܹˣҵĽܶ˲˵ѧУӦѧΪҪɣȿһôѧȥҲ룬Ҿʮ;õͣ嶯ֵഺ꣬ӦñЩ̰ĹһѧϰʲôĻҾܸɣҽÿһõѧѧУգգʦ̣ҽ̣ҾֻҪ㹻ģѧĻѧһĺõġ

أ

֣ʵԽԽ
ǰʹ飬˵֪ˣ˵Ҳ᷸ˣˣҸ߿Լ̺ܽǣҴˣ־ǻ֣װٺãҲǻ֣̲õġ

Ĵ㲻Ҫ̫ˡ

֣
ôҵĴҵĴҪһУôôԶŸҶҵŮ£һأķʲôصأӺң붼룬һСĳʲô£Ҹô

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֣Ĩ˰۾˺ܾúܾãڰ˵ҪȥһСİ༶
š

һϰˣѧʱֻʣʮˣͨʱ򣬰ζڰ༶һ༶ɡ
֦ûź첨ڿࡣ

֣İ࣬ûſںˣֱӽİ༶棬һѧŵŽź첨̧°͡
ʦǩְɡ

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ź첨ֻ֪Ҵ˴ģҲϡͿ

֣ź첨ΪΪǼѧ˾ͿˣҲǶ£֣诲˵㲻ʡ
һֳʺĺڱʣһ̯ҳֽһ۶ǩһȻʲûгɹ£㵵ؿ֣诡

ΪǼѧ顣
𾪵ǣУһǩ֣诵֣ҳһǩĻ֣诵֡

⡭ǩ˰ɣ

ź첨ָżҳһ֣诿֣Уǲǩˣ

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֣诿۾ȵź첨ţĿɨÿһλ̧ͷѧûпѹȥ˵ҵŮ


һź첨һ˷ġ

֣课ͬѧǣûģü
ôشϢ˽ҪѧУˡ
УͰλڣƾҪըˡ

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ǰɣУŮ
Ҿ˵ƽʱõĶƣЩ˺˵˵˵ʲôϸˣЦˣҲ˼˭
ɲ˵ˣʣһͥ㿴ٿ֣Уֱһģ̳ġ
ǰҪУŮβͲȥҵñȼҪأ

֮ǰйͬѧ׷׵ͷ¼֣ȥ״Լˡ

ź첨ûǩ֣֣诳ȥл

֣Уôһ£

˵¼Ĺϵź첨ҲѧУϽʦˣƽʱ֣ദúܺгġ
ź첨ԼҲкӵˣܹ֣ĸ׵飬򲻵ѣôڸһ꣬۳ҪܵյˣԼĺѧ
ź첨µǼѧǸйء

ź첨ѵ촽ץ֣诵ĸ첲˻Ρ
֣У㻹òҵԼˣŮΪʲôҰ

֣ûĵ飬ڵƵġ
ûʲôҺŮܵʲôչˣţǩ˰ɡ

ź첨ʵȰȰģѾԼΪһˣҲٲʲôֻѧǩ֡

֣诰õ׼ˡ

ź첨ʣ֣УĶ費Ҫͬѧʰһ£
ãԼʰɣϲĶ
С

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߳ң¥һµԾ࣬鿴Ǻܺã¶Ǻܸߵӡ

ô֣УŮء
Ѿ仰ظܶˡ

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Ĳһ

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ˣڼѧˣԺҲ쿴ˣⲻڴѾõ

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һΰɡ
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ΪʲôԼôôʣҲֻ뵽Ϊ׳ˡ
һӶ֪ʱٵԼΪʲôΪһС£͸ǸʱĽͺҪŮ

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Ұڹϰ࣬ûй
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ҧҧ촽һðãҡһܵܡ
ܵܣ󰡣

գ˫۾ί޾Ĵ͡
ʮ꣬ˣҫ档

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ϰصңƿţͱǰһĻԭء
Ļаҵӡ

ĹӰ֪ĻΪھưɣһϰµķʽ͸вֵʳǿվƿ
̺ϣŮŮпһ§§ıЦ֡

ڴȺҵ֦ɳϣģ̵Ĳٶ̵ȿ㣬һõˣ΢΢бָ˵ļ磬°͵ֱ˵Ц

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ЬֱصԼ䡣

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ô֪԰ˣԸԼ壬Ǿ㡣

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סСصֻͷĽǶȣһ˿Ī˷ܡ

һ㣬һ㣬ûܺá

ꡱһ¡
¶Цݣ֪غϷš



72 Ȧ
һѹ,û̫˵Ƶķ䣬ѹ֡

ƿ,ѾָԭĿûаݵ龰,Ⱥ˲֪ʲôʱ,ûޣЩįҹŻ켣һĺѡ

֦һڲ,ǰʢС࣬θڲ,ʺܼѡ
ͺһϲ࣬Ϊ׼һݱġ
,ܵ

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ӹ֦棬ʱʱ۲롣
֦ƮԵĺ˿,ɤҲƵ,ǺȾƵû˯

һȵţ̣һ,зִ,ûжȥȺ,Ҳûǹ֦
,ҿɫǺܺã극ͻط˯,ʰ

֦񣬡Ҹ˵ٴˣҪѧҵΪأ극ϽȥѧУ
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ҲǴԾ֪ġ

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ǳЦǱһֱôϸظ˵ˣС

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վ˫ֳŲɵ˵˵֣У׿ڰ༶Ůøҳôڰ༶ʱ򣬻ȥһΡ

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ͷЦˡ

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ֱȥԼλ鱾ʲôģҪˣһˣΪĻױƷˮúܡ

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ǰΪڸ߰ҲӽĵӣҲУŮѵĿˡ

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֦һͣǰָʶĦڱԵĵĲԽԽǿңζԿֲĸоҪһǻص칫Ҵ򿪵ԣһ龿ô¡

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װģһװġ
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塪

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ʰˣûüߣλΧͱΧͬѧס˼֦ڽңû̫˵ĵġ

ĺ᲻㰡Ժʱˣɵþǰ
˵ˣѧڵıҵһ㡣
ԣʱҿɵñ˶һñŮǻƯͬѧ

Ҳ̵ͦģЩ棬еĹеڱ˵Ļô¾ˣ·ǰõһжûзпߣẬȦġ

ûһ˿жҲûиЩ˦ɫֻòͷվŵ·Ǹˡ

Ӹ΢Űɣ
Ҷһȥˣ׷չʾ΢Ŷά룬ϣܼӵ΢š

ɴǰļʱͨ͵һ֦ķӦ˿̣ûпڿƣҲͣһı˵ľˣûʲôرĸо˵ĴڣҲͿпޡ

ˡ

һŮ΢ŶάɨˣڴҳǸŮ¶Ľıʱ첽Ӻ뿪

Ǹ˵Ůз䣬ֻĻֶǶģȫ֦ڣЩˡ
ˣˣ

һ˼һ𣬡ȻŮ񰡣ͷôÿ䣬㻹ŸȦ
һţԶԡ

Ȧʾʱһ󾪺

̨֦Ҳάֱƽ½
̧ͷˣèظλ

ղż뿪ң֦һֱڵһۣ̫οԿĻᣬȻûС
ȥ׷ȥԼļƻ©ʵ

֦ߵǰߵǣǰδе˵ʲôôÿֻҡ



73 ֻ֦һ
ǸʦСŮ,֦ıſˣĸҲҴţ֦˵ʲôʲô,ͷ˫ְĻŵֻ֦
ĻʾĸպǼȦ

֦м΢,Щ,ٴεȥȴûпһȦ

˿,ֻ͵ŷڷǣ֦һۿһյķ羰ͼͷ,Ӧʱĵġ

֦գۣë

ͷһֻӣΪ,ӵͷǳ߱㣬ͻֻӣ֦ܼǴҽ糿,΢,ûͷ
᲻Ǽ΢ƽʱõСţġ

֦ǳǳ˿ϵֻһ,ͫȻ,ܲ춼˿̵,±ѧƳ,ܿ촹ĽëƤ·ͶһƬζӰ

ѧȥ칫ҡ

ʹͷ

֦ûйܷҪֻʱô,ת뿪ʱͦñֱôţûһ˿ҡ
þȫȥάֱƽԲԼѧǰʧ̬

ߵȾͷеĲͣ£֦ǽڣָٴδֻĻƬŴٷŴÿһ۶ƴڵϣʹ̡

У԰Ͽգһһصƴֿɼζķ˷ӹңӹӹ֦ͨۡ

ֲЩ֦ûпȦԭֱӻ΢źš
ͨ£һǲ΢˺ŵģ鷳
Ҫ¹ȥ¿ʼ

֦оѹֵľϸ겻ϵ죬ΨƬ
Ƭļǣ֣Ϧӵĺܰ䡣

ֱֱ֦ʵȥ칫Ҵ򿪵ԱԲô£ǣ׼ݲƭȥ顣

ѡȥҼʸ

ûѧʱ߸Ьȵص٣ߵˮ󣬰߼ʪ͸ˡ

İſڣԾ¡

֦ͷü£

ԾЦһĸ첲ߣѹȥ˻ƣôڼˣûʲôвˣʦװϸװˣ
֡
Ծ֦ߵߴӺ棬Ʋסˣʦ㣬˵㲻ϲңΪʲôвˣȴǴϲӣ˵һ㣬¾һ㣬ҵλöû𣿡

ˮ˳¥ܵ䣬ʪķ紵֦ͷԼѾһţҪȥЩ߰¡

ֻ֦Ž·ڴԾ˵ȻλãҵѧҵĿδ㲻Ҫٺ˵˵ˣ𣿡
ңΪʲô㲻ӣ

֦ƳһۣߵûаԥԾĿôңûΪعһͷ

Ǹ𰸣
ܱǸ֦Ҳܸ

֦ƿУ칫ҵţȻͼһ֮ûз϶
ϸڣ㹻֦ʹһˡ

Ǻ֣ĵ÷ǳġ

֦һЦȻֹ·ʲôƵġ

̧ͷ֦һۣ˵߽һ֡
֦촽ܾûкġС򡱱ں

úһ㣬ǲкЩûˣҲкЩûú˵ˡ
ôһۣǸһꡣ
ֻ֦һꡣ

ûʲôرı仯ԸˣԴ׽˺ˣ޷
ϲ˭ϲ˭һ۾ܿ
ܿͷֻˣƫһߡ
֦һİķ״̬

֦ߴӼ߹ͣڿ㶵ܾúܾãʲôȻģʲôûС

ҧ´Ź֡
֣读ڣžҪͲסֱȥ㶵ˡ

ﵽײʲôܣ

ɫع´§żֻ

֦ԼܵĶΪ֣мĽ㣬ϵĽ㣬һĽ㣬¶κγԴ׵ķӦҧأ촽ÿһԭʼķӦڱ¶ĵʵ뷨
Դˣ˷Ĵס
ˣ˿Ķʡ

֦֦
֣诺˲֪ڼ

֦ԭأҲûʲôӦ

֦֦һ
ָ֦װģԼĿӼ֣诣֣֣У

֣Ƴյ΢æ֦֦֦ѵô룬һ졣
֦ҡҡͷҾͲˣ֣У˵ġ

Ǽˣ۾˭Ǿ˭ˡ

֣请׷׿Ĳϻͷ״ֻ̬Ļվ˵ǲСˣǻؼҰɡ
סԼ첲֣ûиߣƽ͵˵ûɡٵȵȰɡ

ض
һŮѸеڲߣѵҪ֦ҳ
ûʲô֦˵ġ

Ÿ첲ʾĲ

ЦһЦż¡

Ǳߣ֣֦¡

Ȼĸ˱ĬسĬˡ

Ƭ̺֦ڴͻȻĳĬС㵥̸̸𣿡

̸ʲô
ûпر֦񣬲ںޣԹһ˫žеۣ䲻ȵؿȥ

֦һ˲㱣Ѿ˼̵һ߰ˣ˫ֵۣ̳߰ġ
һȥôˡ

֦˵̸𣿡

Щͷǰ˸飬ʱص㳡ϵضףһٶرֳԷ̫ǣ֮󣬶ԷҪǻţͻ¶顣
Ϊ֦˲˭

ڱǺ޹ͷˡ
ǵ֮ǰΪ֦ͻȻ˶ƫؾӴû˽ƫʹûϣ
ƫִҪôȫҪôȫ
˵ߣϵζرţκߵҩãûǰһȥʧߣܿ˯ˣһҸĺΣҸ糿һ˲䣬ãǰôû֣Ĺ⣬ôů

ʲôʲô尮ޣЩ翵Ķˣץסһססһʱһסһ
ȶ׼ʱ¾ִһ˵ɸо֮ףĺôˣԺӣһֱȥ

ԣǲ֦ˣǲֺòԶȥ
֦ߵԼϲߵԼ

һΣĿͶԼİᶮġ

˽ÿһֹղסǲӱܣڣ֦ķӦ
Ȼ֣˵һõĺӣֻҪĴã㲻Ṽ㡣

˵СؼҺòãлʦ˵

֣֪ʲô¶зִģͼһȥˡ

Ŷˣ֦ż뿪ķĲ죬ģսʤѹ

ģʲô

֦һ潻˴˶֪Է˭ҲҪЩʵĿס

żɽʦСϣҵʲôأ
ûʲô

ɫЦ㲻ش𡣡

ǰŮ֦ﲻɵһѺ

ָһȦһȦͷһ˲ϷʵЦſ
ֱǲֱļأ



74 ׹Ҳ˯ܶ
˵Ǿ仰ʱ,֦ŵ˺ԿˣʶĻŲм٣Ҷ㹻,ȻҵĺǲҲҪ¶ڡ
˵ʲô

ȻһˣĹ,֦ϱҲҲʧ̬,ɳ,ؿ

˼
֦ķӦ,һЦ㲻Ƕ𣬻ҡ

С㡭
֦û˵,عͷСδ̫ˣСŮѣô˵ҲһˣͺСһ,ɡ
л,ǹĨǵظ֦Щӣͼչж,жϲ

֦ͿԴ̼跢,Ҳżȥ,һЩеûġ

֦,ǸһĨݵЦ,С㣬Сռǿģôܵغˡ
˳ִϳһֽ˲߸ЬЬմϵգȻۣһŵķֽԵ¨棬ָ˵Ůѡ
˼ǣԶֻһŮѣǾͲһˡ

ǶЦƾеĽ˭ȸʰ·硣

˫ʮָſϣʮǰҪʦ˵ĻȻһͬǣʮŮĲģϲϲǸûʲôһӵģʦǴˣӦ˵ʲô˼˰ɡ

֦װһȻӣŶһ治ס

ãȻʦףҾֱ˵ˣǰʱ䣬С״̬ܲǱȥˡ
˵⣬֦ıˡ
һ仯׽۵ס
Ҹ˵ϲңֻϲңϲϲҡ

֦촽ĻȺǿǴӺģʲôʱȥеģ

СʱѶϵʱҪ᲻÷ǸʱΪǣΪԼļƻܵ޷죬õɵƵʱ򡣡
ûʱСУۼȻȻʣͷβƽ͵ġ
̾˿Ѱץϣȡһƴ͸ֶ֦ǰϡ

֦ɫ԰ףʲô
һЦˣʦǹ˶أŹ˼죬ͰСֱ¸ˡ
֦Ʈֱ͵ģôˣ
ֱļġ
֤𣿡

ûСʦ㣬ǲĵµġ֪͸Сֱ˶ֽţӦøһ߰ɡſģûˡҾʦһ£öûκμļѾҵѸĶˣǸĻǵˣΪһжƿԼеˣԶһУٵģġ

֦άֱÿɱľ֣ͷȻ˷һӣǰ£壬û·ˡ
꣬ĵĺǰڳЦԸ
װˣǹſɬЦôֱģ

С˵ֱˣ֪ǿ͵ģܿأЩֱά޹ףѰˣȻͷֱˣ˵öƼ򵥣ûκμרҵֱά޹ΪֱֻͨôǷ룬ˣĺôǣ̫ԸͲǺˣһܹܶȥƣҾúֺЦǣöװֱ۵λãǶСĵ𣬻ǰͨ˶Ƿˡ

֦߬ȭڴϣʶҧ±߬׵ָڣС򡭡С֪𣿡
ҡͷʱ֦Ӳչ

жʱжΪҪ֦ϻѪܵĿӲſϰݡ
ΪСǰģȴúܺõǶʱ䣬ʵС˺ܴ⣬û˯һİȾҹ㱣ұȥУȥ˺öطˣҲ׽ˡʦ֪һʼ֣ܱŤ˭Ǹ̫ԸСһֱվԭصԾС͸ģҵøмǸ˰û˵ɵһƣôл룬Сأ

֦ԺһƬհףðϱ˵ʵһһ飬ģܵһǰδеĿ־壬ǲ
˵ˣ

Цŵͷ

֦۾˿ܹ侲ڵܲá૳ڵĻǹҪԼƷ衣
Ǽٵģ֣У˵Сʲôûз𣿡

裬
ǸʱҺСĹϵȷʵܵԽ£һûзڲһˣϲҲϲң֮ǰ£Ƕˡ

н٣ܸѹ֦Ŀն¡

㱧ˣ
š
Ҳǹˣ
š

֦ɤǱϢһһģۿ۾ۣʧصˮˡ
˯ˣ
̾ϢӴ֪ȴҪִһ飬۾

ԥ˵ǣ׹Ҳ˯ܶΡ

֦Ҳ޷ܣһʹ˻嵽ǰ˫ֽ߬죬޷εĶ⡣
ôʮ꣡

һʧص˵޶ԵƽһЦ
ʦȻվڽĽǶңֻ˵СѾʮˣڷԺκ˷ԹϵȨΪ곤ĳˣ㲻ܲɣ

ҡ
µ֦һ֣˵

û˼ˡ
˵ˣʦСȾˣҵȥˡ
վ֦á
εҡҡͷְɡ

֦뵽Ѽȫռй뵽Լûпļ뵽õԼһֱ룬ȴץסĶ
ʲôʸ֮ʮϷƾʲô
ſڼ֣߻ĽŲ֦ԺнӦðҲһ̳ױ

֨ѽ
űƽʱ֦Բ첲һƺݺϣſ̱ˡ
Ҫ

ƫһߵ˲ˣ̧ͷվſڵļǿЦڵΡ
죬Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ

֦ͻȻ֣һʱΪԼ⣬СҲǹġ

üҡͷǶ֦ʧЦһǶԼΪɵеֵ
ǸʱΪʲôôΪΪΪʲôԡ
ڵļˣٱӹƻ

۵ؿ֦ʱֻгǵı䡣

ȥһ
ȫµ֣ס˳ְŹϣСҪʲôлú˵

˦֣诵ǰ

֦ųļϲĹ⣬ȲӭȥС
Ļ˵ˡ

û˿ԥ̧־һƣݺ˦֦
Ǳ֮ЩⲻĶԹԹֻΪԼŮѱˣ˶

֦űίؿż

ûһ˿¶ȣҪˣ㣬



75 ףҵı
һƴʹĲ֦,ģżþÿż,ûʧǾ
ʲô𣿡ʳ⼸֡

˵Բ,Ҫ,ҲûҪ顣

ߵߣùİ,ǣס֣ͷҲصش뿪
ǵָǣ,·ǵֻб˴ˣҲݲ±ˡ

ԭصˣҰɡ

֦Ц,ЦѣЦؿڷʹ
ĮӣĶͿˣĴֱ衣

һߵ֣ȫ˽ʱվ,ڻվ,Ÿôο֦
֦ˣְ֦ˣΪм,֣ĺΡ

֣诲ͷĺ,߹ȥ֦,С,ſһ׵ûסһ
С,ûûصġ

˵ţתҪȥ֦ұһ

֦ס󣬡֣̣ҲҪģ˵𣿡
á
֣˳֣ߡ

֦ͷ˫ֽסԼ촽΢΢˵ʲôֲ֪˵Ϊá

֣诰οֱ֦֦˵ʲô㾡˵
֦ܾã̧նۣҴӦ㣬˵СͺõģʳˣûкСһؼң֣̣֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ϊʲô
֦һܺߵֿ̬ɱпԣҲҡ
ô£

ǰԾӦ֪ģҵĿδͦģƽʱҾͶչһЩرңѧ˭ҪǸߵýˣͻСҺСһ𣬾вҡ
Խ˵֦ԽûаȫУץ֣诵ֲɡ
֣̣Ծûƫ£ֻһʦֻ뱣סҵĹһĳʲô£ҵεģ˳ʲô취

һУ֮Щ꣬ѧУʲôϡ֣ûԾѧȷʵͷۡ
ıģ֣ȫܹ֦Ĳס
֦һӵο*㣬£ûд֦֦ܿˡ

֦ץ֣·ڲҲÿֻ࣬û뵽ҺСߵ죬ղҳ嶯ˣʧִС㣬һһǸģֻСǱߡ

ȥ˵
лл
֣ɿӵ˫ִ֦˫磬۾˵֦֦Ժٷ£ǧ򲻿ԼˣҪ˵ҿԺһ֪𣿡
֪ˡ֦ͷٰ֣̣һæ𣿡
ţ

죬ˬԼͷСһͶûУ͸ģ֣̣СҴСãҲɳˣһ棬һģܰ𣿡

һ䡰Сá㹻֣ˡ
ãҰ㡣

֦ԽԽף֣诱ȥȡˡ

һأ֦֣诿ıֱͦɬĵ۵ɬѶĹ⡣
ָҧ촽Լ챻ǸŮ˴̼ˡ
Ѿˡ

ҪԼߣĵֶΣҲϧ

-

֦Ϊʲôȥ֣诰֪ģ˵ˡ

֣˵֪֦ͻȻˣֻ߳˵磬֪֦ˬԼܵԾв
ԭˡ

ģûк˷ܣ˼֦ˣģһۣȻ󰲸Ƶؿļ磬֣˵裬ȥˡ

û뵽ôƽؿ
֣Ҳǲ顣

µʲôƽ͵˵ϣģܹȥӴ֮ĿĴˣҳϣȷʵΪңΪѹԼܳһʱ䣬ڵҺϲУҲټƽˣ͵һξɡ

ΪһˣͷѪҲΪ˳ΪõԼת
ҰҺ޵Ůӣѹôϲöֵãһ۾ĺãԶᱳ㡣

жضԼЦˡ

𣿡ʡ
ˡ
εԲίˡ
ЦûʲôģʦҲǹġ
Ըɡ

ȻеܲᣬûӶĴ̼֦Ҳʧص˦һơ
м£ü֪ģ£ͲԼ˼Ȼֻڷöʱ⣬ƾͼƣҪû֦ͼҲսô죬ûгĻᡣ
֦֮ûд̵ôҲֱܸ˼£ӦͲңˮһա
ΪȵߵȻܡ

Ȼ׽͸ĶʮüˣȻΪǰмһ˵鰮ʹЩС
͵ǷİɣԺӱԼõġ

ضӡ
֣课ԼʵǶ࣬һôĵݣؼҲ㣬ƽҪˡ

֣εؿһСôܿġ
˴֣һ仰õӰ飬ϸ˵ģСֵ֦֦ôһ£ܲܿķϣһ棬Щᰡһġ

ĻԵüŲƵģνģһ
ûӦڹ
Ȼƽʱ䵭ģرϸ֮ദ֦֮ϵ⣬ȥ棬ǶŮѵĲء

ģġģҲס
ںģǼ棬Ǽ̬ȣ̬ȣǴȵЦȥɣС򡣡
һȥ
ܾɱ𣬹εġ
ðɡ
ȻȥҲǿ

ķӦӦǲų֦ģ֣诸Ͻ˵СҪǾûĻ¶˵ˣ𣿡

۲ʵ£ͷˡ

-

С¶տַǷտϺ̿֯ζªڷţѱһ䵥ŮˣʵۣͦơƶǵƵƵͷ
ȥڨģ䲻ȵػش𣺡ڵˡ

ϰ˵Լ֦ߵȡ
ָ뾲߶չüͷȴǽţǴݡ

ûпգĺ촽ŵɫڴ󷽵س¶һϸɫ

Զ⳵ȻﳤȥƵ˼̻𣬼Ӱģ֦۾ʪˡ
һһ֦ʱտյģǶʲô

֦ϲЦվ֡

ûлرۣ΢Цͷò衣

мһ͸ķ֦վ룬ϴߺƹļžǼͬʱ¡

ױ֦ϵĺ׾ڲҹﻹۿɼ֪ſ֦æǽĵһ仰
ôѽ

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С翴չŹ֣ϴʱĵģ³˵ùʺ롣

֦Ƶǰ㰮ԵģԵ㡣
ҳԹˡƻȥ
֦ʧ䣬ЦЩǿû£ٳԡ

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ǡͬˣ
֦ͷʳ⻰

ûı飬ᡰšһ

ֳ֦ϣƸŶͷ۾ģįǷҡҷĿҶЦһֱЦЦʧȥ

տ̯ûʲôþƣͨİ׾ƣ֦ԼǰϱﵹһǸƣżƱͿ¡
СҸС˵Ǹ£Բ𡣡

һֿľƣ֦һȥǺҪˡ

ʶվޱı

̿ĹâӳӣİģĬģʱԽƽϢ֦ͷżװϿϸܺеĶ
ףҵı꣬ҸԶ



76 뱻ٲһ
һ˵ԭǧٹ֡
ͼƯ,ԸСͼʺãԸáͼŻһͼԺա
һ飬վ顣
컹Ϊ˰Լĥȥ,ΪҸһ

һ˲䣬Ҳһ˲䡣
ʱ,һ,һ¼ɣ,ƣƭ,Ҫ֮׵İʧȥԭĴá

Ʊ䣬һı͸,ʱпתƵһϡ

ʮһʱ򣬼ڵӻǰą̂ŵЩż磬᲻⣬ΪʲôŮǸ,ѡ񲻹ж
˺,ΪʲôҪķǣΪʲôమȴء
֦ĥ󣬼⵽,ûô뻯,,ѡʵ,ȶˣƲס񾭲,ܶˡ
ܼܹȷǸжϲ

֦һ̣ĶӦ
ӦɲΪӦ
Ӧú֦־룬ȻԲ

ô룬ôû֦һЩ£˵÷ǳԭλ

ʧȥ֧ŵ֦ǰһ£˫ַסأ˫ް޺޵ۣǺɬЦ
˼

û¡
ǰϱտյģȾ£ǲȾˡ

Һһ㣬òã֦ѯʡ

ûȼͷ֦Ѱ׾Ƶǰı

ûΪ֦ûͬһƶѣֵ÷Ƣ
ԴӶ֦ûκ֮󣬼Ըı࣬侲˲٣˲١
Ҳ֮ǰһԲϣͶ֦

Դ׽ˣŸͷԡԴˣŻͿ

֦ӵйҵһ棬ʵԳѣһ̵ƽǲαװ

֦ڣÿһֶǽͣϣܹؼİ
ҾѧУſڿС㣬ʱУ·ױܴ󵨣ֲԼˣһġСһǰѽ㿴ˣŻȥұŮˡ

ͷһΣ֦ᡸ㡹ݣԼһŮɫ

Թʪ۾ڸ߼ҲĽˣŮˡ

ѾǰʾʾˣȻҲûãҲװòõ˲ŻƵƵͷʲôģûȶҪ֦ĪȷʵüڼҵżͲ
ĶⳤģôãΪô࣬Ƕӣ飬Ȼô߳
˼ңͰ˼һ߿ôûĵ¡

û˵ģɵĻûй˼֦飬Ϊİȣź֦롣
ǱŮˣѡİˡ


ǰ˰
֦۲ɣĵ׷İ

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ִٵ죬ͶСڡڻ𣿡

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ٿ֦۾ͷǰһ鷢ڷƮƮȥͻȻ岻ġ

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ڼԽԽ䵭Ŀѳƴգͷɨѩ׵ĲβͻȻΡΡؿڡ

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Ҳһҡεĵѵ÷ݵЦݱҹ绹Ҫ

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׳͵ʣ磬ܲĵض
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˸ЦħƽغأʲôѹסˣƲƲž־ۣ

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ң
ͷ亹һһһһſǻ֡

ʱͻȻ˺ʹü͵۾׵ĺҹײ֦˫ַۡ



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ҵ,ֻҵġ

©ҹķ䣬÷գ·
֦Сذѳ˯ļŵɺ,͵ؽ⿪ԼŦۣûȥ
ཡֻ𶯲ͣ

һ,֦һ󲻰,³Ѽ֦߳ȥ,ֻһƵͨû,Ϣ㱦

һԸеա


֦һɤۣ,ԽԽѣһŴŵֻĻңŰϻ¼

бɾ¼ϰ,֦,Ҳ䡣

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ȵʱ,ʲôƣ֦ૡ

һͷԽԽࡣ

ã
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֦跢Բѹֵĺ˻ƵĿǻڼ״̬
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֪ʲôģʲôǼٵģ֪˭۸֪Լģ֪Ϊʲôǰˣֻ΢Ϣ嶶ô
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֦԰ף̴ֻӼ뿪ϱӣٺҸԼ·ڴߣҿƣҲתһۼ

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ܱɣģʹֶߵģƾʲô
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ôˣǴһʼʧȥǣԼԭԼ¡

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ǼԷӣϤ˴˵ˣʱ˿̣֦Ӽ*Ͽ뿴־塣

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֦̱ڴϣΪؿżܹܹܵϢĴ
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ҹɫŨû֦۽ǲֻۣһ°ڴȸջ屻ģİҹճء

֦ſ촽ֹļһ¼Ļ



78 ˯
ּ֦Ļ,˲Ѽٴجͷػǰ˸ԻҷƳ,ʶ֦ںͬλãŵº֢,ֻҪ֦,֢״ͻ֡
˫ڴ߶ţֻ,ֻء

жޣղ֦ȥ,˵Ļ¼ҪõȴǼĵֿ,Сʲô𡣺ҹ֦¶عϢغ

ú֦ʵֻʲô

Ҫõֻʵ̫ǿңӻǺ,˺ѵ,۸ǲҲģֻ֪Ѱε,Ҫһаȫеӵ,µҲҪ˵,Ҫ

,
˳ǰ㿴һ,װŵģȫ

֦Ŀ񱻼ݺݻУۺۣһ˿ŭѹЪ˹أ

ôˣã鲻Խǡ
Ҫһ

ӦĴˣصͷ˵ǣšŹңҡ

ǡ

֦쳣üͷ۲һһȫйˣʹĻⲻúôĳڲ˵֮ʣϸѯʣСǲجˣ

˼е㶣ܾúܾãû취֦һش

֦ˣϸһ룬ͼЩӣһʲô£Щ£û˸߹
ʲô£׻ʲô¡

֦ʾ֭룬ͷҶ˹˵պͼģҪעǣʱĲɵӦ£ûȥ
˳ȥ˲õԤС

֣诺ÿһλѧǷȻ׿ѧģ죬һο˸ѧѵ

֦ҼȥҲʻĴ̼һĻŵòУ˴ȥȡֻվſڣһ߿żһ߸΢š

֪֪ǰǼΪʲôģ

绰Ǳߵ֦ҹϢеıʣˡ

֦ǰ˵ؼˣҪţҹûͷûβôһ仰ððʧʧģ֦ƽص磬һʲôˡ

Ȼ˶㣬̽ʲôϢ

˷ܷǳֻһ㣬һ㣬¶ֻЦظһλ
֪ѽǴȺܣһ˺ǫ̈ЩˣԾбѹƢôõ֣УһӰǶˡ

ⷬģʵڸ׽⿪֦еǡ֣֪б򣬵ǻ˺ѧǶˡ

룬ˡԣǱͼûйϵ
֦ղź˼һͨϡ

֦ȴĲһӦôԭֻһΪŻӦ

ӭɡ

Թ

һ겻İ飬ǰĶʹ޵۵㣬ԼԲŻΌҵֵز

֦վڵĽ䣬ؿſʧǵؿڴͷļտյģƣĺ˿

ֻĻ䣬ҵذϣһ

˼

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ڣﶼŲɼΪʲôôԭ򣬶ΪǸǽøŮˡ
ͷ֦ĻĴΣֻڸղûиһ㡣

ʵ뷨˵̫޴ֳ֦˴Ӧе̬ȣѼӵ뻳غ
֪ˣҲˣԭ½òã

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þȫƿĴ̶𣺡ҹ

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ҵɢԣ֦ͷż۽Ƿ⡣
ô𣿡

֦ģʵرջȻ̼뷨ֻ̹¶ӣöģݺݵǷĵģԡ

Ϊʲô˶Ҫ·Ϊ˶߳ģһ֦ܰȫסղżæסĳҲΪƵˣӽµǣôܿ¶ֱӵ顣

վ֮ĵģ֦վ£ס½󣬾ִٵذѳǰ棬͸ıӡ
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ҡ
˯ˡ
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֦һʹס⣬㷢΢ˡ
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֦Ҳû˳ż䣬סţ촽˵ʱ˿飬ǵģ
ǱһͶҪëκˡ

֦˵ղҲã˵ֻС򣬺ˣټּСʱɣˣС㣬𣿡

Ļŵúܣ˫߬ס½ǣ֪Ϊʲôǲҷ֦־ԼԶλߣ֦˵ʲôʲôֻϽ
Ȼ󣬽ٸ˼档

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µҡͷ

֦˫ʪģС¹һ̲סϧ˵ʲô˻Ǽٻ
֪㲻Ҫ˵

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ʹס䣬һֶ֦͸ǿһֲĶ䡣

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ƴҡͷⲻģġ

ֵ֦ؿڣһƣݽĴֵ̿۾ﵹӳ֦
Ȼ˯ˡ

֦˫ֳ࣬ѹ˹߿ί
֣˯ˡ



79 Ժô
ܱ֦ϢΧ,ķβɨҧ´,۾
ĺң֪Ժ,ô
֦˵,ȫûӡ벻,ȻֻԲĻ棬㹻ġ

ֵ֦˵ҵʱ,ûû˵غ֣СҾһͨ,Ҳģ̫ˣš
ʱʣûм˵

ȼŭңҲûס˺Ϳ
һеߵڰ,׽

ʵʩļƻ,ȻǰˣԤڵЧҪúܶ࣬ƺһҹ˹ͬĴ,Լ㵱һŮ˯,ȫڼһϡ
֦ǹ,ܺߡ

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֦,ڴߣͷ΢΢,˫ϥǣҵķ˿ס԰׵ӡ
ҡǵһΡ

ֻмӵйģ˼

ҲǸѽ㵱˽ļһ˰ռ㣬嵽ꡣ
񣬳˳صĸܲ

ѹ޴ͷţ˫ֲ뷢䣬ͷʧصĿꡣ
Բ𡣡

֣ûĻ

֦һ˵֦ǲŹģ̬ȣʹ֦ģһ͵͵Ӻ֦ѿڡ
СʵģĲ֪ôˣ֪Ů˵ĵһжҪˣԺôˣ

ʲô⽨˼룿
ȻǼ֦ͳ޼ޣ˾ͻˡ

ƣأ

֦ʮָһ˺ܴģŤͷüſ
һθ˭Ҿ˭ˣСҪҸ𡣡

Ǹ˲䣬뵽úΣöԲ붼û;ܾ˵ʲôǵˣҲֻܸ˵һԲ𡣡

Ϊ𣿡֦ˮת
š
Σ㶼֣𣿡
š

˯ңȴҪңСôôģ

֦ͱˣͷð亹ں£־ǲᶨһ㱣جĿ־巴ĥ񾭣ֿʼֱ֦
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ڵȣȳӴ϶͸ߡ

ĴϣǵģһŮˡĵˣҪܵͷġ֦òģסˡ

֦ÿ£뿪䡣

һأΧ֦ϢɢԴ͵ļԼ˯ʱͲԵ̫

˷϶ſڣ֦վܾúܾá
СߣǾͲˡ

-

ŵ㡣

֦֣说˵绰˵ˣҪһȥºǣþûȥݼ÷ˣ˳Сһ
ڣô߰졣
Ѽ֦֣Ƿĵģ䣬͹˵绰

վڴǰָ֦ڴϣס̫ǿ⣬ͷ
Ŀԣ㡣

˯ˣ
ܵصͷߴӿɨӦʲô
֦һֻ𣿡
š

֦۵ǿüյģվԭûж֣

ǰ֦һûУοȥֻ

ٳٵȲ֦ͷôҪѽ
ִ򿪴ƣ񣬲вҪٲⲿֻǾҪ˳¥¡

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ʱ֦˽ȥ

ڴͷǰҵļֱͷһ֦ǰͷ

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ɽֵˣһֻʱҪҰޣûзģ˳ӣ
һͻ־壬ü֦ǰھƵλã뷴߱
ʣλߡ
֦һˣһԼλжϣüϲԼģΪ֦һ棬ԼЭˡ

ֶּҡļ֦ͼӴ׵˵ǸˣҪǼһǲ˺

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۾ôģ־ȴǲѵġ

ǽǵļſڵ֦м䣬·һεӣһˣһһǣš

֦еǰùֻѲû磬ʵػֻ˻
㶵زΪѱĹ

֦ͨĵ绰ŵߣȴͨ绰ʱ䣬֦һؿżʲô
һһüȷţҪ˵Ļʵ뷨ǱƵġ

һҹû˯õӵĵ绰ĿģСѽȥ㣬Լһر𡭡

ǷְɡĻзỨ

ҪǶһϲûеĻôôÿ顣ر֪ϲӵΪԿơϰ˶֦ϲȫûʶĳ˲䣬һйĶġܹѳֲסԼǼһΣһٶˡ

ϧֻܵˡ

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վĽǶһ룬ȵŮȥϲܾõ˸𣬽һҹ󣬵ǱֵϢ
ԭʲôҪˡ
Լһ棬ûָһֶûС

á
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صСʱ򣬰һ飬ιԷ˯簲ֻˡ

ֻһ£֦Ƿģô⣬ǲ˵úܡ

ûϵ֦еǰ취ڡ



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öˣߺ׽Ⱥһ˵Ӱ
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λʦԵس֣뿪ķ򿴹ȥ,ԼԼ֣说߽Ⱥ,סһŮ˵ĸ첲,ƳĴүһ,ǱûȺ

֣诰Ĳɵһߣ´һ,·㴩ģױҲû۾׵

ôԼŪˣ֣ʡ

ḻĳŮˣϾһۣҪҪһ̾Ϣһ֧ҧס
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Խܣܡ
ʾ֣说δξܾ
͸ģǱʹ˶ϵ
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֣սԺˮһţ˫ֶ˷ϣ˵С֦֦ȥºˡ
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½룬û꣬˰ͷڻǿڣ֣诣֦ˣô

֦֦ѽأĶͦõģ̫̫ˣױ۸

˽⵽֦ĺܶܶ࣬ϧǻˣ˦ˣˣʵףܹóԸ
жϲ֦֪֣֪֦ʵһ棬϶ѽ֦ͼһ𣬵ʱ򣬼ĸ·ߵġ
͵Ϊһ°ɡ
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ٳٲӻ֣ʣʲô
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Ī֣˭ﶼܣֻҪͺܷ᲻öԼȫˣ˵ԽԽ
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ʱһȥˣҪǰ״̬ļ֣ǰ֣诲ĲŹ֡
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ǲڿ֦ƣΪЦĨշĳǳŮеı־
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뱧뱻塣

֦ûͿʼӣϴ·Ϊʲôܶ˶ĵһӡǣ̫̫ˣΪϵĸԹ⻷̫أӵŮһ

һղŻǳܿļû˵ֱȥҵ鷢쵽
ָ⻹Ƕģǲ˵ġ
ĺε֦۽ǷϸϸЦƣЦʢ³ĸԹԡ

׹صӤ磬δ֪һУǺµģǿ־ģĸ׵Ļôůĸ׵ôȰӤһޡ

Щ죬֦ιԷ˯ӤʱôѼھͰѼô

㣬㺦¡
裬òá

ӲܸͬһӣԺһ룬һŴϣԭԼ֪֦֪
Ǳ֣ݡ
֦ģ֦Ǽ׹һ̣ԼΪԼѡ衣
裬Կ裬ƿ裬ԺԹ裬Զ*Ҫ衣

賿㣬ҹա

˯ȻǺܺãҹпѣư죬ȥôͷˮԺģǱ׾ڹֻһҵϣ֦ˡ

֦忿ֱĨȥϵĺͷ֣֪ˮ
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֦ӵ᲻ߣƤϸ壬Ӥʱûҹ̫ˣ֦Ҳ˯Ϳˣ˼Ѿʮˡ
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촽ѹסҪˣſյ촽ǹһĶ

ˣǲǡ֦ƵɤҪˣιι̡

ɴ۾ҧҶ

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ͷƤŷĸоüǰ޵ӤԹ˯軳ڣʶܵļһһѱ

ֻŻôᣬֻŻô˽ף裬谡

ʹȻǼ߰ĺӣҲܾİ
ģĻϸ΢Ӻö첻Ͽ˵ļ衪衪



81 ι
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ֻҪһҪ,½ʱضΪ㳨ԺӾľչ,ϴ·,,Ҫʲô趼,ʲôͼֻҪͺá

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Ȼе֣ӦӦһΣ۾г˼¶֪ǰˮŮˣִŵľ
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ָѼĲĦԷ죬̧֦ͷ˼һۡ

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֦۾ûдԾ뿪¼ĸ첲һġ97ԾϽǣһ˵ʮ߸ʱ䡣

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ѧѧʱ䣬ȣܶϤͬѧȻѧˣ˼Ҽ֣УŮʦãѧУʲôû¹תתǿ̫ˡ
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ˣһɣҪһģɳϿֻڰ칫ε֣诣ڼˣķҵ·ۣڴƽ
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ܹ˵ļ쳣Уһ˲ͷһδαװ
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֣εؿ촽ţȻʲô˵ڵĻ

עӣŤͷȥƫʱ
֣ûϵ·۱ŵסˡ
ƬδǺۣˡ



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Ұŵˣ˭
Լ

վڴߣĿ֣뿪һ̣Ѿ˴𰸡



83 Сûм
ʵûʲôε,֣ڵӣѼŪòòΣϸһĥ,ж༤ңܰѲŪ
ԽԽ,ת,ûп

ŮǰŮּ˵£ĵġ֣һҹ,޷ԭԼ
˵϶Ҳ˵
,ĬżйһΡ
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ҹ͵,ʸͲһ

֣诺·ںͼ֮ǰ֣诲һ˿һ߼ҲֻǻŤ
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֣诶Դѧǵ̬ȾͿԿһǳĵ,ԼҪܸ,ֺܲŮһŮ˵¡
ǹأöߵҹ

Ĭ,Ѿʲô,֣ΪûҪΪ,żɽ,̸𣿡

û̸ǳˡ
Ҫ֣ô˼,˵ͷҲûеڶѡ

ίʣǰ̣壿

еģ֣θߣ֤ʲôڰʲô˵ü飬еģеġ

˽ģĺ¡
ü֪Ϊ̫÷֣꣬诲ԥѼӵ߸ġ
ĸŮԵ˽Ķ֣飬һСģԵ־ɢˡ
ڣǳŮշʽüΪں.ɴˣպ۷ʲô뵽ܹһңΪжϲֻΪĸס

Թ˲Ͼ֣诸˭̸ɣͷèУȥվ

֣诺֣С򡣡

ţ
վŵļŵͷ֣诡

ʱ䣬֣ʵ޷İͬһ£°ѸȾһתõļ
֦Ǽˣ
֣û취չ˼ӣ֦úɡ
ڼĸ˭֣ûоȥˣȥɡ

ףѡ
ߣ֣ȴ֪ôڣСҡ

룬ֹʲô̫ˣķ롣

̸ˣҪģҪռģڼܹǲġ
ԣֻܡϳȥ

ٲܣ¶ֺһЦ⼸죬Ҿȥס

֣¶ᣬǵ˵ͷ

У칫ҵżվ촵ķ΢綼סе䣬䣬䡣
ҵļҡ


ӺСèس¶èͷ΢˵࣬ĪȤ

ֻèѧУèѧУļҡ

˺ܾúܾãȴûȥСèҪؼҡ

ңʲô

֪ʲôʱ𣬼ϸˣ˼úܳٶۣЩпӦĵ㣬ͷʹ̡

ֿʼͷˡ
Դſ˼ʲôȥˡ

ޱ龭ֻῴСèʱûоκǳ˼ľګĪضСè˵һ仰
ɵġ

ź֣诣üһҴȥ˽ʦ칫ңûεҶ˹ͺ˳

֣Уʲô𣿡
֣ſڣ˹ͣ㣬ǹ£˽¡
㾡˵
֣Ҷ˹˼̨ףվ¥ݹսǣС֪֦֦ϵãһ£Ҳ̫˼
ţ

֣촽Ħü°ͣƤ˼ڣǴ̽˽ðΪϴιĨǸ˰죬ҲûõʲôЧϢȥ˼ȥҶ˹͡

Ҷ˹Ц֣У㲻ò˼һ֪޲ԡ

ˣ֣诱׿Щǣֱˣ֦֦쾳Էķӣʲôʱģ
»вףæ˵˹ͣᣬҲǿ֦֦ûķӣҾе档

Ҷ˹⣬ûѻ˵ѯʣʵ֣̽У˭˵ģʦзӵİ

ھӣʶ𣿡

ܺã
Ҷ˹ˣ֣诵˼Цˡ

Цʲôѽ˹͡
Ҷ˹Ц̾˿֣УˣҼңҲǿţͱһ㣬ʦˡ

֣һ滺ղŻ֦ɵģ׷£ӿǿ֮⣬֦ôãôܻԺҲˡ

֣ߺҶ˹ͱ༭һ΢ţ֦

֣Уң쾳Էķʲôʱģ˵ҵķӣˡб˵©ˡУ֪ⶰӵˣ㴦һ¡ˣ֣УǴˣˣˣʱղ˳ҿɰﲻ㡣

-

ǰģкܶطȥ
ڣУ칫ңƺǺܻӭ
ķ̨֣Ҳûȥˡ
ѣѣϵҪõ£ҲѾܾûϵˡ
ѧˣѧУѧǰĽңҲûٽȥ

һ˰ŵŵˣôô¶

֦ûҪˡ

ţߵİſڣվ΢ķ߹ۣеޣرǿվڽ̨٩٩̸֦

һŮˣʱ̣Ǵְҵ⻷ʱ̡

֦΢࣬Ƹźڰ壬ָŷ۱ʣ¶һϸ
Ͷʱ˿һƣ쵽
дıӰббĹӰйιǵߣѧʺζ

ڽ̨µѧǣ֦ϼȡ֪ʶ
֦·ҵ廹ڣ뵽ĶǼʮǰ䣬֦·ǺպŤ֫˵ûߡ

ʣʮӣ⡣

֦ѷ۱ӻط۱ʺУʪֽɾϵķ۱ʻңʵͶ룬дһİ飬ȵóˣ˼·¶¶ôţΪҪ̧߸첲д飬·绬ȥ
Ͻ̰֦ע⵽·˳ְ·塣
ᣬҲ֪Ǳڵģǽ۵ģһ̧ۣվںſڵļ

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*½̨һһλΪѧǴɽ󣬴߹һŵͬѧ֦վֱضżղ÷۱ʵ촽һָ΢΢ſ촽̽ȥһ㣬ɼ⣬۲ת䣬˵ݵԼ

ڹ

ڼȼʱһǸģ߻ؽ̨վںڰǰ档
£Ҳûпһۡ

֪ģŲˣһֱվһһ˷ͣǹɽʹ಻ѡ

塪
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֦ʱ֦ҲһӣһǼֽңûãű˴ƿ

ϤŮƮһʶġ

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·ŵķ۱ʻһûĸɾʱ۳ĺˮڣղŻվڽ̨ϣȴˮڼǰ
ָоĲһܲһ

۾ȴ˵

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ֻ֦סĲӣ·׻䣬ûȥܣôϿʱһģһ
Сûмء



84 겻ǶԹ
Ȼö֦İʾ,ֻҪһͷйµʦͻ᲻ܲ˵طκʥĵط,ѧǸһǽ¡

ѧУĽҴƮźܾûдɨķ۳ζ,,һӰѼ챻ƭȥҵĿ־о
۵ͷһ,ͷȥ,˵ʲô

δ֦ͷһᣬգ۾,ǲˡ

߷ӣҪϿˣ½ڿΣҵġ
֦§Ϊ磬ؿ,ʮ̫,һģͲʲô𣿡

ʹãǰ󲻵ʮӵķеȷüĶ,Ȼ,ɫԽ,вдĿ־֮ԽΪǿҡ
һ,㿪֦һҪϵǡ

֦ʧҧס´ۿ,΢΢ί꣬ǽĲ˵ģҸģҶԸġ

û

ƭӡ֦ץס˫סԼ㿴ҵ۾ңղվڽſڣվڽ̨ϵңʲô

֦һ˫ᴫ۾˫Ƥһһ̧˫ͳˣһ̣ȫ˶Բ

ͷʹѣ·ըоһ룬ͷ۵þҪըˡ
ֻҪƿ֦ǰ⿪ͿӳϢĵطǰ˵֪Ǹǻġ㡱
˵ߣȴ˵ߣ

ܿʪۣûеػشʲôû롣
֦Ĳ˲䣬Сèһ˵ĿɶĻ
š

֦·Ѿ䣬ƺģȴܴ࣬۰Ͱ̧ͷΣǲc

ܴ̼ġ֦ĵ˵
״̬ԽԽ㣬ԽԽţƮܵ˵Ҫ
֦ˮתʪʪ۽޲ֲ
꣬ȣĺȣҺòãȻ½ڿΣҪס·ˡ

ܵغˡ
꣬꣬ɡ
ˣ˾Ҫˣ࿿ǽͷ

㣬أ㲻ϲ𣿡
֦һͶͱ޹ǵ˲ɵ

վûס˫ֽ̧ƣƫʱ塪ϿԤʱ˵ش졣

֦̾ȥһӼ뿪ʱ·Ҳˡ
תԼĴգʱ䣬Ͽ֮ǰʰ

˳Ŵ.ббش֦ϣڼͷķ۱ʻһڣһ㱡ѩƵĹ̤ͷڻһص顣

ԱĿûнƣ֦Ĳͷ

վڽ̨ϵ֦٩٩̸ѧʣͶζ
ղţվڽſڣվڽ̨ϵ֦˺ܶࡣ

Ǹܵˣɽɽˮˮˣ͸һ޷κ˷ܣСȤľǽ壬Һɫÿ·Ҷֱĳߴ磬Ȼҹ˯ƿ°ڣȥ֤ҰĲǷȷ
ֿ꣬طĵĿãһۣžͲͣغˮΪڿʣΪֹ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԴˣҴķǷ֮룬˵һۣһȿ۾òĵطҲͣһӡ
ҿڽ̨棬ѧݣҵ۾ôɫ75cҵԺﷴߴ硣
ΪʲôһֱˮΪ֪ҲµöԲԣˡ
Σڽվڽ̨ϵҷڸ龳£һǧΣһΣǧǧΡ
ȻڱУУһңȻǸ͸ӡ

75c𣿡Ȼʵ

֦£üָǰͦỬ
һֻֽץסһô£겻ǶԹ𣿡

͸ˡ

֦˼һζʮۡ
󣬰⿪Ŵ򿪣̬ޣһӱкʦŽȥ

æܵѧ֦к֦ò΢Ц㣬
ǸŮͬѧ˵еᡣ

֦ڹĺýҹʱüĸ첲ʣȴûһ˿һ
˿̣֦վڽ̨ϣѵǸһܲҵͬѧѽ̰ˤڽ࣬ͬѧŵôҳ

˶֪ʦںֻм֪Ÿ첲½ôϲֵʦʵs͸ġ

·ſڣϼӿ죬棬ֱС

֦ԽͱԴԽҪ򶯣ʹͷԶ֦Զ֦ԶԶ
ĺ̰ռйˮĽ㣬ռйˮ裬ȴûռйˮʦ
վڽ̨濴֦ѧʣζʦְҵ֦Ͳ۱ʱһˮ

ǣǡ

Ǽ֦
š

ڱ˵־Ľ죬Ѿû취ȥȥ֪ȥǷǵļֱģԭʼĳ֣ʹȻʱµСʱһ
ʲôһΡ

ν˼䣬־壬ҹҹֱһ죬Ųýʼ㡣
Լò˵˵
ں󱳣ȥš

־Ҫ¸֪֦ٴγΪǸʶΨһ

칫֦Ĺλſһ˲䣬Ǹµ뷨ռݸߵءҪ˽н㣬롣

һڿι룬˯нŲ߽ͣߡ
ֱ̧һԾ

Ǽ£Ϊ˰ԾŲ£ԾȻϲȴǶ˵лл

û¡
ǵת·Ŧۣͷٿ

Ծܸӣ޼ֺ޲ƾ̣ܶ£ѹԺףѡ
Ӧȥ޵ˣǼ֦

ղ¿ʱԾ֦һǰһֽңûкͼĻᣬûȥ칫ڿҪõԾǹȵϿ
ѰģлԼ˵
ʱ״̬ǳŹֵļӼᶨҪ֪һУȫ߼

ԾʲôˣּͥŮӣǸˣͲ֪ˡ
ӶᣬҰģıֶΡ
ΪҪĶҪˣҪɵĿģʴȣͷβĶˡ
ȡҲͲˡ

Ծ˵һ𣿡

վˣһڰ칫ſҶ˹ͣûԾͼ˵໰Ļᡣ

ҸղžſڣʦͷĺǲǴˣǼҪˣ̫ɣܻؼһˣȡһ·𣿡

һף
ѿڶһֵ⡣

ӺȻã¾С

Ծһ򿴲Ҳʲô£ý˻ᣬˡ

ȣİ࣬û濴ӿ첽޷أվڽ֦סûͷȴյôᡣ

ͣ½ŲĽһ

ָ֦βģǰһ뻹ضѧһ룬תͷڼߣջѼŪˡ

ϲ͸



85 Ƭ¶
Ծ,Ҷ˹ǹⲻͼ̸Ļᣬָܺʹ

Ҷ˹԰Ծø֦,ȾͷԾڵ

Ҷ˹Ц,ؽѧϰ,Ͳ±ͬѧ,ĳɼϳ𣿡
Ծͷ죬۾,ģܾûôƽˡ
ѧϰܰٷְͶ,Чʺһ㣬粻ѧ
ţе

Ծһ󣬻ڵʱ䣬ҵ˼,Ҳ֪ô,ȫƲסԼ˺ܶ£Ҷʦ,֮ǰ,,ٻشһ,ҵĴȻǣ,һ㶼ڡ

Ծǳ㣬ܰȫ˼ѧϰϣţԱøá

ԾЦҡͷҶʦǰӣĿòҰҹ賿㣬ҹⲻҵҶдˡֻһķѧҵʱûпڱŬʱһֱ֪ѧϰûнݾҲ֪ѧϰΨһĳ·ܺδ˺ܶ£ҴûзԼûС

һŮӣһµߣģ񶾣ΪĿĲֶΣܹõԴ壬һһȱ

һ̣Ҷ˹Ծ˼ɵĺӣû߹·ûܹͬܣǸ񲡵ĵЩ꣬ôԼԼɱпʵԸм࣬Կ

Ҷ˹ͲٽĨǵĻֱԵҼ˵ʲô

߼ңû´ĻҶʦ㣬ܻ֣Уг֮ˣˣǶʦ̼Ĺߡ
ԾͷȵỨ˸
ûмҸͲʶûмΪҵʦ

Ҷ˹ûкܳԾ֪ˣһЦ֦֪һи߼ֻǰѼһѵü㱨֦𣿡

ԾûзϣĬˡ
ŲȻ䣬ЦȥףԼһͿصˣ̲ˮˡ

Ҷ˹ͽֱιӣԾȥ£ҵ㣬Ҫǧ͹˼֦֮ĸ顣
ʲô˼
Ҷ˹ĿȷֻΪסԾ죬ǰĸף֦Ӻģ֪Ľ죬ԭ֦
ô֪ģ
֦˵ġ

һĸԸذԼʱ򣬾ҪһЩܡ

֦Լĸףܹԭ£Щˣ˭Ǳ֦õĹߣؼҲȥ⡣
ԾҪȥ̲ˮŪģҲֻһˡ
αҿԣȥԼΪǵĹߡ

ΪʲôҪЩ
Ҷ˹ʹɬһЦɡ

ɣԾ
ɣҶ˹͡

һЦôˡ

ԾΪʲôϲ
˵ûӦѾϲϲˡ

£Ҷ˹顣

괺죬Цһ£Ȼҵľˣ̧ͷҼϵͷҼ֦ҶɢӰӴˣҲû߳Ǹ졣

Ծ֪ⱲԸʲô𣿡
ţ

ҵͷסҶ˹˵۾ȱǮȱ֮ŮȻҪģԶò

ⱲԸ֦ܺ˯һΣ¾һΡ

ĻѧģԼסѻתƵԾĿġ

˵ô࣬Ҫǻȥ˵Ҳˡ

Ծû̸Ҷ˹ȷд𰸣Ҫʱ䣬úȥ˼ȫƾġ

Ծˡ

Ҷ˹̾ϣⷬԾȰ˵õġ
Ϊ֦ҲôУԾ˵ôࡣ

֦Ϊһ£һ¡

-

ѧУΪ֦ᣬϴûסм岻ݹ

װĴӻʱǿμʱ䣬ٳУѧһûУģʵۡ
ĴӣװŵĿɶ֦˽ܵɵ飬߬ӵϸ

һϵ۶͵޿޵ΣҪ磬ǽ㡣
߳Щ棬˰˻
Ծߵ࣬ԵôС

֣Уܼʱϵ˸İɡԾ϶˵
ǲңء
ȥ͵ġ
ƿߣͷЦᣬ˰ɡ

ٹһ£¡Ƽֶ벻ˡ
αüԼڼʣڼһصСǲҪȡ裬ȥʲôڸС
ԣ˰ɡ

࣬һ̣ԾûиҶ˹͵Ĵ𰸣ǳ䶨

໹һ׸ʱ䣬Ҫж٣øϽҵ֦ҪȻʱȫУͬѧÿ

ס¥ݷ֣һ̨ףһ̧ۣվ漸̨׵֦üŲһ٣֮˰ġ

֦վڼҪͷܿĵطȦģǣ밵Ľ紦ֱ׵ģ̵ģɫ顣

Сһ֦˵

֦˵ʦɻ֦ģΪʮþȣû뵽չûУɼˣûס֦΢ŻظϹ£ʦˡ

ʦھ֦¶ˣҲûʻ
ʦ㡭ΪʲôҶӽϹ

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֦һЦݰ׵ӣЦɾ﷢
Ŭ죬޹ˣСʦ˵

Ҫ֪ˣüĴף֦ȼеĴ⣬ʰռ

Ȼģҧгݵ˵ҽ򷢵ġ

ʦһ㶣ʦ˰
ⲻˣٻЩˣʦ¶òص˹˲˵Ҫ֪ˣôҲҶӽܸ㰡ⲻǡ
̯̯֣Թ

֦Ǹ˵ʦʱȷʵûУڡ
ζؿ˼һۣ˵ˡ

ԼҶˣʦϣˣǾǻû̸£û̸ĻǾҶӺƽ¡

֦촽᲻ѡ
еֿʼѶˡһ᲻Ϥĸо
ɫ΢䣬֦شʦҽҽϾ̸ˣٿ˰ɡ

ʦر𲻸ģҲֻܰݣϾǳϿλԼ֦˵ȥϱǰ֦ǰˡ

ϧˡ
ʦѹû鿴μ٣ת˰칫ҡ

ǣ֦һֱûɿȻֹ꼶ѧڲٳվãϯ̨

ʱ֦ϯ̨߹
ˣǵģʦѧڿǣֵǡ

ݾõڻˡ
ֻ֪ǣ֣ȴָ֪֦ڼĲȥֻ֪һ˵Ϊǽüģȴ֪ÿһΰﲨƬ¶ǡ

СǶڿǡ
š

ָ֦ڼд֣ᣬüļֱһɣĬ롣

֦д֣ɢʣѡһ
㡭ѡġ
Ŷҿ

˰ɣٳˣ˫۾ǣ֦˵¶ǵĻ
ɵú󱳽ֱͷŵðá
֦ͷһᣬЦŶﲻѽ


ֳˡ

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ҰͲǶ
ʲô
ǰǺ£ѶϣģҺܰûڣСǰûиģûģԺ󣬽ӱ㡣

ŵ

㡣
ֵģ鷢̵ܲסˣȥᵱʧ̬ģ͵ջ֣ڿӲ˲䡣
Ǻʧصĸоյ䣬ӹͷѪ⣬Ҫˡ

¥ϣ֣ڿǣԶѧǺʦǣͨͨڿǡ
֦ǵؿڼߣϸϸذûдĵһָ˵ˡ

Ϊ飬ԴݳʪģԶдģջ

ʶʮԡ

ʦ¥һ¥ߵ¥һ仰û˵ȫµģûû˵ػص֦ղ˵Ǹ֡١

ߵſڣԿײȥתȦſˡ
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Ĺμٵڸǵü֦ĽŲôһһȽ

ͷһҪĴӣһ弱͵˹֦Ӻס

ղһڿΣҶǼ¡

Ƶʼӿ죬ճ鲻Խ֦ŤĿ˹

عʶҪ֡

֦ס֣·ÿӣĵشߡ
дǼ¡



86 ǰŮ
ཡ
ʱֻüһ,ŵƿ֦Եӣδȥ

ֻ֦

ֻ֦,ϵһ룬ԭһ˻ȥ,תſ˼,Ƶģż,绰

֦֦ѽҸղ¥Ͽ,Сȥˣʲô𣿡
ͨ绰Īǹѯ,Ҳ̽Ѳ֦ɣ֣ǲǿʲô

֦ɫ绰ûתһ,ش֣诡
֣,ҿˣСһᣬӡ

û,ȷʵˡ
֣读Ϊڡ

,,֪,֦֦עϢ
,лл̡֣

˵绰֦˼ҧ촽Ѵվڼǰ
ɰ

ͷ֦˫ֲش˫ȣȴ˷ʩС
ղû¡

֦·ˣҲ⿪һлͣ´˲˿̣ѵģֲֻղŽеһ뱻ϵ¡
֣һͨ绰û͵ȤҲû˼ļ顣

ǡ˴ӣͷ
ţ֦͸˵͸
̫ĵŤͷ㿪Ĵûʲô

֦Ц

ʧȫдϣ֦ܿһڣȻûȻˣȥ·ˡ

⼸죬һֱ֦ģѼӿܹ죬Ļǳױˣ֦ȴˣʲô

Īӿһĸо
Զ֦֦ס֦΢΢ʪĺ󲱾͸׵ļ΢һԷ졣
پڸ󴽡

Ŵգȡ

֦ȥָҼϸϸĵͷ촽ʱ΢΢
̲ס꣬

˫Ųʹ߹ȥͷ֦һ㣬Ҳ֦һ㣬Ӻӵס֦˶úơ

ֹ֦żĲӣͷ룬𣿡

֦ίգգۣ֪ΪΣͺۿǰŮ𣿡

֦٣ֻҪ˵һĻͻҵǡ
ԥˣΪԭԥˡ

֦ҧס´Ļǿίסؿڣƿ

㶵վԭأ䣬֦Ѿȹӡ

֦ûȥʼʲôظܼŪҵ죬ǣס֡
߰ɡ

ûȥͣҲ֪ô͡
ΪʲôͷôۣЩģȥģðͷѿһеꡣ
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ǰˣݺ˹ҵġ
пԵġ

Ҫеߣôô׾ԭ
ٸһλᣬһΣһΡ

ֱԼģͷʹѣʣһΣΣֱ֦ˡ

֦һۣǹ޵Ц

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һ֦꣬ҲǻӮ

ŪڹƼļʲô֪˫ʧظ֦߳ᡣ

ǣվ£һΪĿĽ㡣
Щģȴӵеģ֦ʧúͨͨ

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֦ԹԴΪѡȹӣţصȹӡ

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Ϊʲôܺʡ

źƱ֦վڿشǰǵƻͨĳзҹվ˺ǺɳڵЦ
֪¶Ʒ𣿡

ܺ˼˵ЧӦ

û
֦ξƱŰɫľҺƵ̾Ϣ
ҵĻʵǷյģȫûнңӱܣ֮ǰ˺£ҷβܣһ죬Ҷľϴѹܺ꣬ҳеķա

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촽Ѿأ֦סˣ㴼ƣЩźֻһ㡣
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Ұֲɡ

֦һۣתߡ

ܺ˲ϵľƣ*ıӰģpartyҪҪһ𣿡

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ܺ٩˵ˣ֪Щ죬ùܵԽԽˣֿʼܲˣ𣿡

֦߻̣̺Ѿԥ룬Ƿˡ

·ִôƲҺȣҲҳ飬»ؼԺųζ𣿡
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⼸죬֦ÿ춼һ𣬲ܴÿ·ܻױܸ˶˵һ仰ʵǣ֦ȷʵˡ
֮ǰûͼͬʱÿ뻹жռ䣬һʮСʱûһӣ뿪ߡ
ǰʱ仹Ϊ˶ûô˼͹ԹԻصߣ񣬼ȵõˣֵõģ֦Ȼɽ䱸ǿŲֵֿʼ
ˡ

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ƺȶˣ֦ô

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ţԡ

֦뿪ܺңȥ˲˳ҪõĲˡ
⳵ʻ·ϣӳԽԽƣ
̧֣ȹɿŦۡ

ŵڣСʱʱ䣬Ϊȥ˲˳ⲻ֪ȥܺһƵʱ䡣
ǵС£Ե绰˵֦Ҫ˵
ѹȥ˷ܹã͸¶ʵ뷨ǵģǰ˳Ľ㣬ʵʱż£úܴ̼

Ӻ󣬳ͣСſڣ֦˳
ƮС꣬Ԥ˵д꣬ò˶ãҪ´ˡ

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ſɡͷ
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ؿꡣ
֦۾һʪ§סСá

Լ˵۵Ļʱֻˣܺ귢partyַ



87 ʮˣֻ
߳꼾˵,üա
ʪ˵顣

ݣ˻õı
ҹʺϷʲô,Ȼ˷ôķΧ

ˮڴϵʱʱֵȻ뷿,֦ӵӰҡҷǽϡ
֯,ֲĸ١

ꡣ

֦ڶʱƺ,κ黰ˣĽס,úһ
Ϯ,۾ֻ뵥ر֦˯

˰죬֮

ʱֻ
ʮˣֻ

̫,ǲ룿
׿ڸ֦Ϲ,Ƿϵоģ֦,浥

֦ϥ˫,ò,ǡһ绮ҹ,ͨ
òӵĴ˫ֽŵ߬ס

֦⿪˯ȹϵ,֧⣬欵˹ȥ
һòã
ֿСšС
ţôУ
ͷƿ֦ģˣ㻹ڡ

Ŷ
֦װģ˿

ɿ֦ı飬֪ǲˣ뱧һ

֦û⿪˯ȹ˳Բļͷѣ׹δ׹䡣
Ӱ밵ȾֵĻǽáŮصԼ

㡣
һݣﺬŴϢ

ָ֦ԼǸͷͣߡ
ʱǺģǺˣգۣҧ޵ĴϢƷ
ֻǽ𣿡

Ե裬衣

֦һѹ˹ȴûסԣôأ

Ҫ

һ㣬Ҫ§֦
֦һٶ㡣
§˸գŸ첲׼ʱ֦Ķŵץ½ǡ

ס¶Сȴµϱ֦ķβɨ촽һһǹ
䰮ããҪᣬҪҪܵyinϸĽ㡣

֦ܻᣬرᣬһмΪ衣

ֱߺ߸

֦ŵֻ̬ΪЦڣûѽ
ŵӲҪʲô
˵أ

֦ȣȸ촽̽⣬һСߣҡβ͡

һθ·ǳõУӰôʧΪڶξͻȥϲܵúܳס
һû׼´ΰɡ

֦е㲻ģȴҲûΪҲûзŹ
ڼϣʳָֱض

ȫûм֮ţ
ãҲ㣬¡
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䣬Ҳһ䡣
ڼһϵ֦˫ѹס˫磬

ˮδδ𣬺ˮδδģĺҹëأᣬ֦ĲĽࡣ
ԽԽ󣬵浴ĳֵĻˮѰˮբš

꣬ꡭ
֦֣һһ顣

¶СĺɬѧſڣӦÿһĺ

ꡣ
š
ꡣ
ţ㡣
ꡣ
裬ڣڵġ


ܾúܾã۵֦ſڼϣ̵ֺĶ䣬ίҲиоġ
ҡ
˵ȥ
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֦ûᣬҲ֪
ǿģһ㣬ҾͻƲסԼҪһңҪҵ̫ãòð

һһ䣬ڻĵӲĲ֣֦Ϊ˵ȼһδȥһδλ
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Сӻһ첻оһ£һ²оһ꣬ˣڣҪҳеκκҶûԹԡ

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Сһٵ֦Ӷ䵽գÿһ缡
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û֦ţ֦ɡƫ֦Ǳߡ
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֦ۿǸжǾϲߡ
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88 С뱨
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׼ɡ,˾³ɤŵغȥĶ
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ʱֻһ,׿Ͳɵ˾һ,ӳȥˡ
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һңҺûĳ·ŭ֢ɡ
֦վ,ؿż,һֻ§,,Һûٵȵȡ
š

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ҿתͷס֦˵ӵ绰
š

ͷ֦ǶȣԿС
֦ŻᷴӦְɡ

ǰϲ¾Ǽ֦ÿһ֦ͨĵ绰ʾϵ˭֦ᡣ
֦ļǿررǿ
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֦ܿ˵绰¼ᣬϽ˵Ρ

绰Ǳߵһ㶣³ôˣһûһţ·֮ǰܶ£о飬ĬŽһͨ绰

û绰Ƕδģܺ꣬ĵһƾ֡
һȺ֦֦ߣ֦ܵǸˣܺѣȺ
ǵһμ棬Ҳһμ档
û΢ţȺϵ֦Űܺмˣϣܹ֦ͨܺ꣬ԼһΡ
ôһȦ֦֮ˣ֣Ϊܹ֦һ档

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֦ؽ绰ͷð亹
ΪԼãʵȻ

ղţȷʵܲסԼ۾ҪӣҪ˽н㣬֪֦̫֦֮ĸ˵һ·
뻻һַʽȥ֦ɣͬʱԼһȶ
ˣƿ۾ûֻ֦

ʱļûľھôԺҲɳʮĵ㳤Ϊĳ
ǶǶ
СҪˡ

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ã֪ˣ˵ˣΣϵ

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һƤԼһϵģ֦ǿȥģǷΡ
ĺľͱȲȺľͲܴ֦

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ҹžܳңƵ֮⣬֦Ҳֻϵ
ѽ

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ʱӲʱӲԸԭ򣬺˵ʲôĻǲ˼ȫǲм
̫ｲģǼ٣ֱ治
ʲô塣
жʵʵģһ˺ãͨĬĬȥ

һǶӣΪʲôܿѸٵشӹȥĸΪʲôӵȶǷѵõ졣
ΪǸˣܶࡣ

ûкһΣֻ֦ڰٷְٲᰲȻطڰӦɺüڵϡ

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㣬ҡ

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·ʪˣЬӲˮƽôעļʱǱѱˮʪϲɾ̧ͷ֦

ڰҹ֮һߡ

֦΢΢

ɸɾûĴһƣײľġ
Ǹõĺӣ֦һֱ֪֦

ҹȻɣ֦ɹ̫ˡ

֦ۣڽëϵˮٿص䡣
˿£ھΡ
֪ϧٷΪֹɣ֣ԺӭģǺӣǿҰ˵ΪʲôǶΪʲôô̰ģҪҪɣҪܶܶ࣬ԼͯûеõУӱֲ

ͼڴȵ»ûɢȥһ룬廹ǻӦ
ٱ΢ضšĸжûʧ
Ȼȴ֪ڸģһƭ˼

һ䡰ã֪ˡǼΪģӦжεĻʵǻӦܺǾ仰
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˿̣֦ɡڼذıȴźͼ޹ص

ųۣҸЦ
㣬㻹ǵãôѧﳵ𣿡

Ӻ棬֪ˮǺˮ֦Ϊá
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ԽԽ֦ԽԽС
㲻Ҫˣһֱܣһֱܣȴô׷ˡ

רﳵ
ֻ֪֦Ӱó˻ܺ档



89 ãҺð
,֪ˡ
ֻģɵĻش𣬾ȥǲȥ֦ûܺȷеĴ𰸡

ǱȺߵý,֦ܺⲻ,绰չû,΢Ϣַˡ
׼ˣ

˸,ָ֦ͣĻһָĵطԥ

ཡ
֦һ,ΪԼֻˣɡһбѻɡˮɡ㵹,ˮʵȹ棬ܡ

ôˣ
΢΢ͷѯʵ

ûûʲô
֦ˣʲôҸ˵

˵Ϊֻ,Ļ,һɡˮȹ档
˵ˣҪô,ҪôΪʲôôġ
ǵһ,֦ûԽߵ,ǻһ,İˣĻἫΡ
ǵڶ,֦ĺңȷ˵ڵĻѻǰٷְ޷졣

ưͳԻп˵
Ҳֻ

ﳵȫӵ绰
㣬ҽһ¡

ֹͣûڶ飬绰ˣûرҪ¡
֦üһǵˣٰѵ绰عȥɡ
á
֦˵ʲô

֦ûȥӵ绰Ϊ̫ˡ
һʱˣѧϰԷϵϰߣ֦Ҫǰӵ绰ˣһΣһ˳ְ֦ӵ˲ýӵĵ绰ô졣
֦ܰãҪǣһӶֿ
ʱʱܻ̿̽ᷢķգҪǰܡ

ֵһһɢƴͼſվһڶŮﱧһʻŲӣ
ÿܳĽ㡣
Ķ࿴˼ۣ˴㡣

㣬ľˡ
Ц˵ڵĻ紵ɢˡ
֦㶣š

ûٻػҪǰ֦Լʱ䣬һʮСʱһյȻҲҪһġ

һֱչ˳֦ûаѳúܿ죬ʱʱŤͷһۣΪ˹۲֦ûв

֦ǰģ֪ǲˮ
С򡣡

ţ

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ΰ칫ſڣ֦һȥԼѾѧУѧȥſͣ½Ų

ߣȥ֦˵
ҡҡͷˣߵ㡣
Ǻðɡ
֦ͷһ˽ȥˡ

ǽߣȵģӿ㶵ͳֻͨδ磬˼
죬ڵ绰˷֣ǾûϵͻȻ绰ʵ⡣
θ飬վǼԲס
պһ岻ݴǡ

ֻǡ
Ĺϵûѵ绰ȥ

ͨ绰ܻܲأôһ֦˼Ȼ֦úȥ;Բᱳ֦Щ˺֮¡

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Ծ׵ɳߣͷֱŤһߣ˭Ҳ˭
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˵˰죬ҲûаȰ֦ͣǣ֦뿪ʱ˰ϣŹİ°ˡ

֦վǰһۣҿһۣΪʲôܣ
Ĭش˴֡
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ͨ绰ҪʦģԾԱ˵ʦ£ֻʦܴ
ΪԾ֦⣬֪֦ãЩ棬ִ

֦Ÿ첲࣬ҪҪڶˣһ˵Ǵ𣿡

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ʱϰѧʱ䣬һԾϼ飬Ŵͳ˽ңϨƺѧϰϰߣΪ˷ֹԼ̲סֻֻͨûᣬͷڽ档
û߳ȥԶԾ飬еᣬһ£бˣۻ˽ҡ
ȻͿһĻ
˵ƵĽңֻһˣվԾλǰԾֻһһ롣





͵˽˷ִ̼񣬲װġ

ԾֻкܶܣŮʱڵ£ģѿģܼ˵ģκ֪Ǿдֻ档
С͵ΪԾôܲԵıʱԾȥֻ
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֪ģ˾˺һ*ûûصģ϶˲ʡ
׼°ĶȭŰǷֿ

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£֦ҪԾһ˵ΰ칫һѳӣ߹ȥǼƣˣҪˡ

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Ծ֦ǲִ󡣲ǲǱ֦ãǰȷʵҲƫĴ£¶͵ǳƽˡ
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ȵĵƶˣԾʹۣ

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ԾŲһ٣عͷЦر𴿴⡣

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֣诿ʮֱŤ,Ĳ,ӭҪǰڣ͵ˡ

ڹЩթϼһ򽻵,ҲǸ˾,Ӽغ,Ͳµʲôϵˡ
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Ҳ¶˳˵֣У,֦֦գ֪𣿡
֣读ش֪

˵ʲôһǷȥˣڰ֣˵üؼˡ
һߣ֣诲ò

ҪԵŸֵסţ֣诵۾˵һģ𣿡
֣诼ź룬䵭Ҹûʲô˵ġ

ǳĳˣԼڸʲôһǹ֣诿ҲûŹ֣诣⼸ϣ侲˺ܶ࣬ȷ⣬ǽһ磬ˡ
һҪŵġ
ĵģǸСйص£òҽţ

Ȼһйأ֣诲ٿܣŤͷݣţҲû˫Ьʲôġ
ֻ̾Լ
ǰԼŮѵȻô˿̣֣ԭأ㱼侹صʱ֣诵ľִٸС
ָоʵ̫İˣֺУԼˣľ˴

֣վ̨ŪǼձ޼ĻݲݣΪʲôҪװһӣΪеľִ٣١

ԤУҪһֱ˵֣Ļһֱ
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֣üŤͷԣղվſڸ˵ģҪĵģСйص£
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˵˰ɡ֣ˡ

ҼȻţûߡ
ֱۣ֣һʣʲô˼
£һǣ֪ģҸʲôûзңҴһʼ֪ϲ˭
֣诽ŵؽӻ˭

֣ⷴӦǻ֪ˣΪˣȷʵö죬ϣǣһ죬֣֪֦ͼĸ飬ôһ׿ڸġ
ͼж죬֦һж죬ܺ˭һ֣诶֧ףԼû֣诵ıҪ֣读ֻ֪һֿܡǵĹϵ֮ڵˣ֦

֦ˣۡ
ǺǻҲ۵ġ

ȻͼԵ޷ݣϣܹҸ
µǣ֦Ϊˣûȥκ˿ڣ΢ʣе
ʮҲ治һ֦
ֻװ⣬֣֪֦ͼĹϵڱģ֣ȥܰɡ

֦

䣬֣诽䵽ϣ촽ţһʱ䣬ϵıֱ䡣
ǹˣһͰסþûվ
ǡǽð

ʵ
һˣ
ţ˳һˡ

֣ûкѽܣֻԼ̫ģʵĳ˲䣬ȷʵɣһֱûǷ룬૵ʲôǼȻ飬Ϊʲô˭ң
վߵǰ£Ӧȥǡ

֣诲ϲסܻЩʱűӦõЩӣһ׮׮һԺ¡
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شҡ
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˵캰С֣ʵΪе㺦£Լݽȥֶ
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ʲôζˡ
֣ԥӣĶˡ

ҡϣŴ̫ͱ̫ҫǸˣЦˡ

ཡ
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ʱѹһΣʹΪ꣬ҹҰԵʣ΢ϸ˰٣żıסһֱ˯ڡ

͸⣬ˡ

֦ϵ˶û壬Ͱֻڶߣι
һǻû˯ѵ

̧֣ͷǽϵӣֲĩʱˣ֦û𴲣ˡ
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֣诵ȷ֦й϶£ۼ࣬Ͼͼദʱǡ
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֣Ѿڰ֦Ůˡ

׽ˣˣŻԹ
֣诲䲻ȵ˵ҿʱҲˣ岻𣿡

ǰѧУᣬ֦֣诵ĵ绰ʱ޵ظ˵ˣ֣诿϶Ϊڣⶼȥüˣ϶˵ʹ֦һðյĻѣ߼ĸ첲ϣҪڵĻҭȥҵż˵ѣ¼һ˵Ѳݸˡ

֦Ĭʱ䣬֣һЩȷϵʱ䡣

֣诵˼֣οڣǣʦ

֦˼أŵ绰֣诵ҲŲµ֣ͻȻ䵭ԭ򡪡ѵҺС£֪ˣ

š֦Ӧ
֣˵˵գСҪʱĻؼһ˰ɣһ𣬰
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֣读شͽɡ
˶٣̾ģҵȲˡ

⻰˵֦û֨ʹŶӣɤ΢

֣诽ڵĻ֦׶ɵģҲð
ң㣬СˣӦúú̸̸ˡ



94 㲻ˮ
֣û֦ػ,Ͱѵ绰ˣͨ绰ֻΪ֪ͨ

֦þֻ߬,ĵµĻɵӿʼѿȷ,֣һ֪ͼ,һ硣

֣ĸŮմ˼Ĺ,֦Һ֣һ̡֣
͸÷ŵʱһģմ˼Ĺ,Сĸ֦ӵһôõ衣

ʷ᲻ݣ֦ڶҹ,أվſڵļ÷ʧ֮꣬÷䲻ȵ̬ȣջ,ϸһ,ֱջûзϹ˿Ȼʹ

֦ˣ֣读ɵڶ÷

,֦С΢,ͬµ,ɫ,ӲùپڶΡ
֣վǼ÷,֦ǳˣ֣诣ûк͵÷ܲɷֵӡ
˾ģʱᱻ˴ʹһ¡
֦ҪӱܵĲǱ֣诽Ҵϻûôʵĸ飬ӱܻòװȥꡣ

֦ڴͷŵֻҪĻ䣬ڿָ΢΢

Ųֱ̧ۣ룬Դ

ͻȻŮůůģģ֦ƣȴ᲻ö˦ɫذסָᴩķ

簲
֦ɤƣ̾Ϣ

һˣԷ΢Ծܿٸ֪
̧ͷ㣬ղ绰˵ʲôˣ

͡˵䣬֦üǳյĹǽϣؼҳԷ
Ǿͻذ
ҡ֦¡
Ϊӵ֣ãһһͷϵͷ˿ӽ¨㲻ȥ

֦ĬˣҪ˵ȥ϶ԭû˵Ϊ֣ʧ
ʱô룬᲻ΪǲԸ⹫ǵĹϵ

֦һѴ
ļˣס֣е㣬ǲǶ˵ʲôػˣ
ǡ֦æ͵֣УҺܺãһֱܺá
Žɣҿɫôô

֦û˯೤ʱ䣬㣬ģòУǰ±ķ羰һ࣬ƣǴżûûڳࡣ

۾ֱˣʺ

֦ϣ˫ֹĲӣۿ۾ˮģһز䵽ţƿǻ
ԽԽѼԽԽί˵㡣

ļһڰ
ڣһǺ㡣
֦ıҲߣԣ㣬Ҿ㣬㲻Ϊֹ

⻰˵ûκ⣬֦Ӧ̧ܴͷż۾˵Ҵûв㣬һֱһֱ㡣
ܲԾûļģǺ¶Ŀ־С

û뵽ͻȻڵһ仰֦ôûаȫУգգŵۣҵȻ֪ѽˡ

֦Ҫ͸Ƥҵꡣ

ǰˣһŸɾİֽװĽ֦ģ֦ȫ˶ΪӦú֦ųƵһТ˳Ůҹλضסļ׶ǴĬĬܣһųϵȻԹ޻ڵȥԸˣҲҪٰ֦һΣʱͷĸоȥżͷѣҲԼ֦˺ֹһΣôԭ񱻹Իǽʱ̵ıϢ֦һȥ֮¡

֦۾Ϊ½ջĴϢҩüϵĴ.ҩ

ԵߵǱȻġ

С֪СұĽ㣬Ǹɧĺ꾫ðª·һסðߣκ˲淢壬Ȼͻ˯þζܳȥɧ

Īĸ֦мܲסôޣ˫ɥɥڴȸһǷϵذŤһߡ

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֦ûаȫУȻӦãϲã֦ԽҪԽ벻;ԼԽҸ

￴һۣ˵ȥϴһ¡

š
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֦Ѽõ鲻Խع𱳣ȴÿնʲôûˣǽʲôƭ˳š

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ֲ֦֪ˣСصǸ㣬ԲҰˡ
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ҧҧ˵ҡȥϴ裬ҪҾ͸㣬ѹ˺òã
֦ԽԽԿأίʵҪˣҲҪˡ
ҡҡ
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֦һʼܵø첲ⶥ£ûʹȫܻӭ

Ϊ˰˵㣬Ҵˣô϶ۣ࣬ҲӦò£㣬Բ𡣡

Ǵľ仰ʼ֦ʧˣת굽Ħ·Ŧ۱˵ҲдԲ𣬲ø㷢Ƣ
һھΣǼǵĶԽԽᡣ

ǰرһ֦ɿ˵ȥϴ衣
š

֦´ÿһҪ۳̵ġ˻˻

𣬶ûѳסԼ֦ѹڱĿ۸ôá

㡣ס
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εòУ´ߵ֦ߣӦ

ǵز࣬ڼǰŮӣеߵԡûġ

֦§סĲӣۿ

һۣǱŪ۵ģȻҸˡ

֦ۣʹӵ



95 һ
ȥ,ɾϴˡ
֦ԡϴ,һʱ̳

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֣Ѿܾûϵ,ͨ£һ˶һʱ,ǲȥϵԷģǸˣǴŮҪĵĸס

Ϊ֦,ȥ绰

֣诸ղڵ绰˵֦ϰֺ࣬γǣⶼˣڼһЩеûģ˶ϵ,Ϊʲôƫ

ʱ,֣诶ֻĻھϲҲĹϵж,ʮü,ЦƵġ
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Ϊе,Ӱɡ

֣ﻹǰԼ˵,㹻ûлر,½ᡣ
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ŵ绰֣诶ܸܵĵѹ
Сһ֦֦Ǹġ

˾ˣǸʲôá

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ûûУ䣬κǰ֦˵ݡ
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֣Ѿ֪ˣ׿˵ǻһ¡

ãǽð
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裿

ߵһѣ֣Żع
ƣؿŴ̨üģú󿪿ڣɣС򣬽ϣǻؼңһ𣬺úһģ𣿡

Զҩһ˾ԶḶ́˸аһõˣֻװ±ģʲôˣʲôѣȫȲһֻĻ⣬ȴһֱԼˡ

߶׽ˣƫһ뵽֦ӣ뵽֣׹ı㲻Ծ֦ûг֣说У䵭ûаֻ¡
ǲˡ

Ϊʲ
Ӧ֣诵ǵ绰ҶϵĻеûĸ飬˿֣诺׵ġ

ϤչΧڸõ֣说ûҪʲôرҲҪڼԼ֦һͷ˿Ȳ
˵˵ı޷ش
ѹʱߵ˭Ҫֻи

ڵ绰˵ʲôˣҪǳô˻ᣬ֣请֫Ӵ֣δػƿ
һӵҲһ¸顣
ѵˣСʲô˵ҲԼ֣说ʹлһ˦ģǼ֤ģԼ

Щ֣꣬诵ȫΧżתһʶԺӣҪһˣͺüį

Ϊ֣Ҫռ侲ߵģסˣָز棬įŮˣ

صįĵƷѡ֦һΣôͲ֣ٶһΡ

֣һֵĶ*ԸΪ¡

ǸúӣļǺ㣬ſģļҺӲֱŤģͨˣٸ绰ġ
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ѵҪֻһ

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֦һԡͷûдɣŵߵ˫ִ䣬ȵذסƣӦǼ룬һͿģ֦塣

΢ͷز˲ֱȫס

ԡ¶㣬񫣬֦ûɵŪʪıƬط
ֿ֦Ҫȥһڿˡ

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յģ˵ڡ
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ʵҲǡ

֦׵źڵ첲ڼϣż⣬̽ǰһ֫ŤԸߣѹ֦

ղŻǰƿˣ𣿡
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ѵˮ촽Ҳ֪ôˣǺģһǲҾͽţͺ£ôвȥ
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ָ֦ͷȵıϢȾĶ䣬һˬ


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ôܡ

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ѵ㲻ϲ𣿡֦ɤԴĸС

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֦ڱǰһڼǰȴ˳ģѾϲˣԵɢΪԵȡ

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Ӧţ֦ǰųȥűȥЬӰһ֦ߣߣ֦ͣҲͣ
ͦɰģʵڵ·˼ײһŪ֦æҡ
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֦ȹӣһǱصģһԸеģԸеһ¹棬صǰ
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᲻㡣
Сèô˵ģ
֦Цۣڼת§Ĳ˵ôɰҪһ¡
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ҲĴ촽鵽˲ĵ㿪ʼδػһδĥ
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ǰҲͼӵʱ䣬СèԹСèĿ뿪

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һӻ̧ͷһƬ򷭵ѾƣţΪơ

վƵİǰԱС㺰Ůһȣжˣ

ǵõʱ͹һö½ָûٴˣһỹģÿָ֦Ľۣ鶼ҪôˣͻŤ䡣

СŵǼ¶Խ䡣

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̵𣬼òͷ뿪

С㱻ιһ칷Դϸһ飬ƺûʹŮǱǱС㻹ðɡ
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·ĲӶˣҲͷǰգҲǻɵģ¸ͣûһֹͣ
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칫ҡ

ֻ𶯣֦ޱؿαıעһ֡
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ССǵ֦ѧӱܣʱܵشΪʱԴһУȴѾɳΪһĴ˵Ľ죬֦øӵСų

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֦뿪ıӰװװˣЦˡ

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ݺݵȭͷҧгݵ㲻ʣǾͱҲ塣



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ҪôҪôһģΪʲôҪԴ

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ǰѧУѧϰǳãĺã͵ëѧУ쵼ʦҲһֻ۱һֻۣΪ˺öͬѧҪصĹأֱһ꣬Ҳǰӣ͵һλŮͬѧȥһӣ֤ݶָμûĵѧУ쵼һΰλŮͬѧܵƽԴѻȷΪض֢¶˵ѧУѧͿȥˣؽֵݽٱϣգѧУסѹɼ죬ǰʡͳΪѧУ˹⣬棬û·ļԼѧ

֦֪ʵǱģǰӵߡ
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Уװ迿סͼ̸˶ӣǸӣ֦Ψһˣ֦вֻҪսԹԴ֦ߣպһ󶫷磬гͷ֮ա
֦Ϊʲô쾳ԷСס׼ԼĲ˶ס졣

һ֦û㵽Ǿˣĸݣ֦м÷м黹бĸ飬¶һ档
һڳɳļ䣬ֻ޾ѹȺʹûб֪߱Į飬񣬹Ϊ㡣
ԭͥһʹԴۣǵײ㣬Ůӣ˼뽩ĸĸԡ֮׵ĺбԾ࣬÷֮ǰ֦ٶһ⡣

֦Ǩ͹ԾǨ͹Ϊ֦

֦ǼĲңͬʱǼˡ
֦ȷ˽ģҪûǼ֦о٣ҪôҪôں˼ңµĺûмҵģ֦˼һļңºƶ

ÿż鶼ܸӣϵʾǱųŻеģ˫ۣ߰ԴжѧϰжãһӶѧġ
֪Ծ֦飬ԾͼĹϵϣԽԾ֣Ը
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һֱǿп޵Ǹ

ƾʲôˣҪĴڡ

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칫ҵʦѾ°֦࣬һڹλֻĻʾͼ¼ѾһСʱ֮ǰˡ

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§ļ磬ױߣǲУҪױߡ
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ȺƼڱ۾ҲܣҽһҪס
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뵽֦绰ǷͷŤȺ

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οԼ˵ûϵǸֻҪһͺá

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ûĵؿҹɫøֱ򴰲žžડ

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мȲšüóλãˡ

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ժŵϣ˵ЦЦؿżʱʱ̾һĪ񣬶۵侲ļٵʧ̬

˫ְأ岻Կصǰ㣬ʻĲװ󣬡ңòã
ǰδеĿУҪһһĿ࣬ҲҪ֮Ůһʹζ

ۿɼرסˡ
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Ϊʲôô࣬ΪʲôҪдô࣬ΪʲôΪʲôôꡭ

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֦ӻױǸʲݵӣɫҲ˿ȹߣϸ˿ƹοƣŰ뱳SŤ·ʱԶ̬С

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û˼û˼

ؼ·ˮʱȥңС򰮳ԡ
ҲµģСӱζ̫壬ҲãȻСͲˡ
ûˣС򲻻ױ֣ø±׺ãȥϰ࣬Ե


֦ɳϣмһȺܺ곯ʲôأ
֦˵˾ʲôܺû壬˵ʲô
Ⱥս֦ǻλðɡ
С

֦վȺŲ˵طһһеģ֦м䡣

طܴҲǺ֪ܶ࣬ģúܣ֦ӼǿȺȺ˳§

֦ܺ꣬㿴ֻ𣿡
ȱֻˣҸ˵¶
˵

Ⱥ׵ģܺ˵һҪףˣҲûлˡ
ȺȥˣҪȻղ걭׵ĻҪ˵ˡ
ʱл֦ߡ

ȻȺܺ궨ȻľС֦˵ǲǾȺϲ㣿
֦Ⱥ§ϵ֣һգ̬ɣ󣬾ǰĿ͸ģƤţ𣿡
ܺ˵治ǡ
Ŷ
gay

֦ŤͷȺ촽ͿɫĴԣЦ˵ýĶƿȺ߬ȭ˻

ȺܺͶȥĤ϶֦Ƕ˼

ֻ֦ٲֻоҪˡ
ֻܺôӱֻֻ֦⡣

֦æֻżϢǲԾ𣬻ظһ
Ҫˣ˯ɡ

صϢ

֦żϢܾùֵֹģرš
㰮𣿡

˸֦۾е㻨ƫƫʱҾƣһһغȣ۾ȻĻϣҪܾã׼ȷһ֡

Ұ㣬ðð㡣

֦ܺ״̬̫ãָ£ܼջûأаǰĵˡ

֦ܹ¾Ʊ

ܺ꿴Ⱥһۣȵʲôƣ
ƬơȺЦ
ˡ

ܺеڰȺˣίظ֦˵һ£֦Ҫ˯ˣֻﻬˡ

֦ܺ꺰һ

֦ʱ񣬷ͷͷεģֺȵĵһƣȺݸģ֪ôߣͲˡ
һˣôؼҡ

СС򡭡֦ţܺ˵չ˺ǣǸҵˣұˡ
ܺС˵ǣ͵͵ߣģͽҰɡ
á

ղϢûȥ֦߰·ͼ˭֪ûվȣеȥơ

Сģ
Ⱥۼֿ죬§ס֦˹

֦ȺϣʶҪѰһ֧ŵ㣬Ǳʶܺ꣬㹴סܺļ硣

ʱ֡һŴ汻ƿˡ



99 һϴˬ
ʱ,վںڰĵط֦һ˱ϣ⻹֪,Ҫ§һ˵ļ硣

Ϳ޸ˣ鶼,㶵վ,ô벻֦ͨôڱ˻,Ϣ˵
ôôô

Ӻһ,еس֦߹ȥһ˫۹ִҪúðڻԵ֦,ֱڶ᲻ô˻뿪֦

֦ˣԸǰǼܲˡ
δһ죬ײЩ£ûС
ԸǺ,ֻþ

ֱ㲵ӱȦ,ϵ
֦㻹Ǹ𣿡

֦Ȼѣվ,ΡΡȥ
Ⱥ״,ʶôȥ§֦,ֻûһƲ,ͰԼŵѵλá
֦Ŷʧ͸ļƿȺ,ң

ʲôֻǷЦݼãֲԼƭôΡ

֦ˣǰȥ֣ûˡ
ණƿȺķʽƿ

֦ĲȣۺˮˤɳϣģǱҪô͡

ȺǣȺ˶վε˵һԣ֪߻Ǹ

ܺʶ¶ˣһΣκһζҪأ϶ˣȺˣһߣ˵ȻΪ֦֤СǶ¡

ȺΪ֦г㣬һҪúñ֣֦һӡ
ٴʿذ֦ڻ¡


֦ʧ̬سʧ̬ذƿ
ײƣʧˣˡ

žҳһͻأЦ
˳Դȥ
ֻֿǣЦȴʧ˻ǣȿֿ¡

ֵ֦Խʧ̬;ԽЦ¶ͳһƬ˦֦ǰ
װʲôװʲôҺɵ𣬾Һܺƭ𣿡

ɢصƬ֦ƭ֤ݡ

֦˫۲ŵشЩƬɨ
ʲôܽܵǡܽģû¶ôֵģ

ʮǽ֮ⳡϷʤģУû
Ҫ
Ҫ

֦עһֱڼϣڲſֵ
Źϵţ֦¶սթЦݡ

Ȼôҵģ

ֱڣ֦Ϊתأż
Сģղ㿴ģֻǸ⣬ҺȶˣСˤϵġ

Ʊ磬㻹Ʊ磡
֦ΪȺ̵ƬǰؿȺһۡ
װǲǣ˵ûϹ

֦ҧ촽ҡͷûУûС

ٻֻü˵ٶĻ޷ֲܵ˺
һϴˬһе㲻ˣˣ𣿡

֦վԭأͷֹúת
ȺҸ㵽ûйϵ

ȺֱУҲµǵĹϵˣæˣҪ֦֦֦㡭
ôң
ȺˣΪʲôˣҾͲô㣬ղұ㣬ûƿҰ㻹Цѵǰʾ˵ǿԡ

ͲͨˣԽԽˡ

֦ƸסͷͷΣĺңϣǴһˣͺͼǵСңЦеؿ۾յԸ

ʵذǰ֦̾ƹˤ˼ʲô
Ⱥؿ˵ϴ

䣬֦߹ȥ˵һ˦ϡ
ȺˬˣûЦ

ģǼЦ飬ԵˣҶأôôȲ𣿡

֦ҡͷûУҸʲôûУСҪô˵ţղſģֻ⡣

֦Ƿ׷Ϊ֦֤˵Ǿûֹϵ

ţһֶš

֦׼Ŵ˵򶯼
ʱߴվڼԶ֦ɫʱòҰ׵ģػļ±
ȥ֦ˡ

±ˡ

֦ͬסģ˰벽ĵʼ
㿴±ˣ

û˵Ǵ𰸡

֦δ˾ŹǣӲ˫ԭŵۣҷʧ̬Ϊԭ¶ĵͷ­

Ǹ±еܣС
Ƥұ棬ÿһаۻİ綼͸αװȥǹͶһһĿù
Ȼ֪ˣװ벻װкη
Ը֦ײܣգԼΪʲôûиСһ㣬ΪʲôûаǸ±ٵˡ
תһ룬ҲãװˣҲװˡ

ƾͷĿǰ֦Ϊƾá
ҡΣǿţ侲ɨһȦǣǵġ
Ȼ˼ѣż¥ߡ

ֻҪ룬ȫǸ֦ȥˣʧصض֦˵ػҲΪ֦ʲôһһֻ࣬˺ѷεʹԼĸ顣

¥Ӧܺ갲ŵģ˽ܵĶռ䡣

¥б񷶥£֦ʵһ棬վڼ棬ûеͷԭ£ûװûпûʧصЩ¼£ȥ·ȥջ
ˣ־񱣳ѡ
ۿǺģױˣⲢӰ͸ʣȹ¶뱳ȴףⲻһ˿ģڣ£û˷ŵ̬ǰԼŵͼƽȵλ
֦֦

ʮ·һʶ

С򣬼±ݣȻ㶼ˣҲûҪװʲôˣûҾˣҲƱˣ¥ЩˣǶҵѣҲֻҵѣŻ߲ţ𰸾ġ
ԣҵĴˣ
ǣҵĴ
ͷʹѣ֦һʣƺлҪڳˣܲԾ˻˵ƭ㣬ҶԲ㡣
ǡ

֦ᣬȴǴ̵ġ
ʵЩ꣬һͦ۵ģǰڱǰЩ̫ĻѣƭܶܶΣڣ֪ҲãҲװ*ˣڿԼˡ

Ϊʲô֦ƵĶ
˺ü˫ְסǽ
룬Ȼ׽þ׽ãúܡ

Ҿöġҧгݵ˵

ƭ㣬ȻȥЩŮ˹죬صԺΣҲҶӱᣬҪֲ㣬ԣ˵ûҾǶģ
֦٬Цס֣ۡ
ôѽô湻ҵˣͲҪˣ

˦֣

֦ûգΪᡣ
ã˵ʲôʲôҾǼҪҹô㣬ݺݵزҡ
ЦƵϸָס˵ĺ촽ڲס̬֮⣬ַ
ǲǼȥһ鲻֪ˣ

֦ںˣʲôںˡ
װˣװˣԸôˡ

Ϲۣôῴ㡣

֦˫ַָᴥա
һ۵ģԣˣ㻹ǵԭҡ

ƾʲôƾʲôڻȴôֱ׳޿֣ƷͿŪˣ

Ҳ̲סˣʵϲ裬Ĳģ

޷Ǵͷβ֦ûа

֦һ£˵ʲô

˵ϲ裬ġ

֦һͷüͷ壬¶ı顣
㹻ˡ



100 Ҵûа
ڼ,֦ͻȻı飬Ǳضº󣬹հˡ

֦ؿ,С˵,ô˵Ҷ,Ƿģ㲻ô˵Ҹ,жҾ,㲻ô
Ц湻ģ˵һ䶼ˡ
Ϊʲô룿

ʣû,㻹ᾡľظҳ𣿡

֦ԥˡ
ûм÷ôʶ
ûм÷ƾչ˼ģôľ

ʣҺСʱ,͸,ܵͷҪһˣΪϲ,ʵΪȡ,ǲǣ

û,
֦ûзϡ

ָ,ָڶ촽Ҳڶ
Ұ,ҳ𣿡

֦̯̯֣е㼱ˣ㵽˵ʲô߰ĶҶˣһʲôֵģҪϲֱ̣ӸϺòãûƭıҪ

˵˵Щױдµ𣿡

֦һʹͷһҪߵļ
дģûдģʲôʱдϲˣ

Щۣڼÿÿ𣬾Ӧ¡
ġ

С˺֮䲻ֻаġ

˵⣬Ǵ֦ĵίǲ֣ˣαᣬǰֻҪԼͻյĸһڼǰ¶ʱҲûк֮ǣǺ˵йʵǻʮԹ

ܲܲҪװЩ鰮ĶΪʲôҪôңҶ࿴ĸеһۣҾǶ˼ˣҴñ¶ˣҾҪˣҾǸͼһҪϲҵĸһ߻ҪÿͬϴҲѣҸ˭ߵýˣҾ˯ˣҲˣǸÿʱÿ̶Ҫļ𣿡

ˣˣһ֧顣

ˣ͹ˣټȥߵͷĸ飬͸ˡ

ͷߴʹľı߿ãҵĴҵĴռ̫ǿҿ̫ǿίǲǣίô꣬ΪϲˣǨңң֦Ǹ֣ȵʱûɣװңɡ

ûˡ
֦Ŵŵˮˣһһ
ûιңС󣬴ûУһζûУ㿴ҵļ±ĻЩණˣʲôʲôǺǻΪ㸶ʲôʧȥʲôͨͨҪҳϣҲǺˣҺܻԸңֻ˽ңңǼ׿壬ҵȤΪʲôֻҸ˭ˣҳȥɣǲǾͺˣ

־䣬Էθ
ǰļĥһ֮Σڽݻٵ˿ʣ

صι֦ʹطֱƭ֦֮ᣬ֦ݵģ֦Ļûκζݣ֦¡

Įı飬޵ߣǼ֦ĻӦ˵𣿡

֦㵵

һ˿ˣٴȥҪؿ֦һۣǲǲŰĺޣǴĶģСʱڽ㻳һ𿴵ӣʮķ¶

ߣ߲ˡ

֦ǰĲӣһһ˻ԭλ
ߣ𣿡

ɥˣж֦жԼ̳ĽִδйԱ֦ûһ˿¶ȡ
ᣬѲ㻹ң
ΪҲ𣿡
Կ

˵ǰź޵İǳ̬ǲİ

ϣ
֦ȻΪ

ٵȼ꣬ʮ꣬ʮܻ꣬ԭġ
ΪʲôΪʲôްҲ޺ޣȫ񵽹

֦ҧŵ촽ֹס뱧ɿżӵ֣ȻƴѵļͻߵģֻؿżΪϢ
Ȼίһ˿ѯʣңĺĲܽ𣿡

ѾϢͻظ

û˻ᰮûˣģαı棬ǰ꣬ͲһңҸĹ

֦°ͣ侲ƣᣬαװɼģѼ£ˣִ̽ߣ̣ۿͨؿżԹŤ
ǲ룬ֲÿҸȵʱ򣬶ʳ
ǲԼӵ֣ѵΪ㡭ˡˡ
³Ϊ֦ԽԽݡ

ⳡ棬Ƕҡ

֦ܿصǰˣΪҰ㡣
ͷװˣ۲ۡ
֦մ̵ˮ˵㣬İ㣬Ϊʲôң

㣿
Цþȫ֦ƿ˾໰
˵໰˵Ϊ֦˵
֦ʲôҪֻʲô
㣬ҳžͱײָҸ㣬ȫֻʣˣҲٶ࿴һۣӽԺҸ㣬Ҳûκιϵ

Ǽ÷ȥ죬׵֦û˵Ļ׵жģŻ˵Լ֦صĻ

֦һΰߵļһΣûֱӰѼסǽϣǳʧˣʲô軰⽲
ԣžͶˣ˵ûҾ˻ˣҾǵڶԼǸ
ûתˣԽ˵ԽʧأԽ˵Խô֦ˣһζӵĺ˹ӣ˵᲻õá
Ҵûа㣡ûУ

ǲӦ棬ػغһ𷢷裬ûУ񵽻еľûˣûȥʲôҲûȥʲô
ۣۣۡ
۾ſյӣϴˢҹԺΪ֦ܲջ󣬱֦ϴԵǲ֡

͵ۣľګؿ
Ϊʲôԭ㣿
ΪʲôΪ㱳
ΪʲôΪ㶥ײ裿

ҹ.˺ѵʹŹ¥ðʲôžҵϵһĽǣ֪ǲ׽ãȴѪĿɱͷ
ʲôǼٵģǼٵģǼٵģŵǼٵġ

Ц޻꣬ǼǴ
ЦĺܿЦһӾЦֱˣ׵жŻûӵغ֦ۡô졣
һΣ죬һȥ֦Լ

úڣૣҵûؼңڼҡ

㻹

Ϊ仰֦ʮһ£û飬ûпԣûκֵԭµĽڣ֦ѼǽϣѣԼĸ첲ҧѪĿӣûֹͣϵĶ

Ҿʱ޿̶ڷ飬ţ

ֿʼú£ź裬
۰ܷܲŹңܲܲҪ˺ҡ

ģӦģֻ֦䵽Ϣ
ֲǵһˣװʲô

ֹͣԾȣĬĬ۾
ۣɣŹҰɣҪؼˣڵҡ

Ӱһӵģǰجֻа˸ˣڣǾŸˣһ֦

ʮӺ֦ת֣ȥӣ֦ͷһ˲䣬תܡ

֦Żڣڡ
ʧؿԼ֣֪Ϊʲô£ȫƲסͺ񱻡
ͷû裬ס£òѹ׷˳ȥ

̫ˣϤһʱûҵڣ֦׷Ļᡣ

¥ǻڣûߡ

֦ߵȺߣס㲻˯𣿡
ţȺϲصͷ

֦ȺһſڣıӰ̤һھ˯



101 ߣ
֦û취,ѡƫķʽѼ¡
ѵֻ֪ʵ䷴
һˣʧȥ˼,ȫƲסΪ

ͣһ˵Ҳв,ĵĽŲ֦,ŴӴ򿪵˦ϵʱ䣬ûлͷȥ֦һۡ

֦׷ż¥ʱ,ߵ־͹ˡ
뿪һ,˶֦

֦ջأƣµֱͦ˼,κˣûʸ񿴵һ档

վ֦ߵ˵ܼ࣬ôˣ滹꣬һŮ,ͷô𣿡

֦ǰάס侲,ģΪֶҪҶˣĻŵ,ȴӲ,ġ
ôг,ˡ

Ů,ȶģûѯ֦˼,˰ɡ׷˳ȥ

֦ȺԽԽҪһ

Ⱥ֦ܿΪ˵ĻͼҲǰǲʶôʣһܸ˯𣿡

Ȼ

֦ԽԹͶȺԽģɨһȦôŬάڱе󣬵зᣬΪ֤ڼȥνһЦȺ˽Ǽ䷿

-

飬ˢӣۣεǰ·Ϊû
ףСظ

ΪɡӦذƿ
֦ѣֻҪ֦йصˣַθĸоͻ澪ζԨ

ܼȺûκιϵ̲ס͵

ͣĵĽŲǷϵ̬ͷſ촽ҹ԰׵ÿ£ã˵ڻشȵĻ˵ʧǣ˵Ի
ܼ˭ʶ

ܼ֦㲻֪𡭡
ûж⣬ֻǻϻ˵⡣

Ͳǻˡ
˶˽֦֦ƭӣûһ滰һɵϷˣʲôʲôʮĻ쵰ҪԴ

㡭

ˣָȣ뷢ŭزںˮӱǿаȥʱһ£ʧֵذԼסǰ˵ӡ

ȡ
ǷգǰŹǿ

ǣǣ

֦֦



ƴǰܣҺã֪ҵķҺãǲϴõˣֻҪúøǵǸǻԭģһشá
ӳˣӳˡ

Ȳǰڼ棬ŽƣļС棬ŷ۷ȥ

ܾûؼˣԿױڱ㣬ˢݲһӱᣬֻϽţ̫ˣ̫ˣܵ˫ش̫Ҫܱ

˫մˮָƽãһϲ֪ˮˮ룬򿪷š

ҹ֣Ѿ˯£¡γһºǽһһȥĽŲ˯֣ȫû

һ򣬼ڲ輸ϵ޾ƿдӿңÿɢһ

أŲһ٣ǴΪŮõġ
۾ѷƤ壬ǲǰȫףָס

֣诲˵
ԣѣŮѡ

ΪʲôС¶ҪƭΪʲô˶Ҫɵӣƭƭȥ

ߣңûˣϥһϣ޲Цһ˫ľۣʧȥȰڵţܾúܾãֱ洫ϸĽ

ۣ֣诹ı𣿡

֣诺ۣرۣ˯òȣ΢ˣ̧ͷ˳ŰڵţڵĿȥ
С

绮ҹգҰһ˲յúͰû

֣סڿϵļѽ壬һ󣬼סûаȫеɪŤҪЦЦӣ֣ſˡ

ǵģ֣诿ʱ򣬼Ҳ

֣诺ڴϣرһ𣬵Ϻö˺ָףβ֣ǻ֤ݡ

߹˫ְסſǿʼ鴤ＷЦʣɥʧ۾ʹҪĵȫ͸
ʲôʱ㵽һȥİ

ñӰ֣诳סȻ֣ߵһн죬Ը֣һԣǡ

֣诺ۿˮû뵽û뵽ײһУرҪˣġ
СҴûв֮ĸ飬ҸҸ

֣诼źƲϵûذƿԵ˯ȹϣûҪȻôƵıӶˡ
棬ǵøø

ͷסԼ壬ῴ֣诣ԳЦ¡
ô˵ˣСʲôϵ

֣诵ӣͰӣȫһ

ΪԹߣΧǵĸ飬Ȼ󱯰ط֦֡ҲãҲգǴûذ

֣ٸһŴ϶ˣ˴ȫĸܣż۾͡
СҸֻǷ곡ϷҺȶˣҲȶˣᣬ֮ûиġ
ץ˰ͷϵѣ
ҡ

֣ƾʲôһһģǰΪ˼÷Ϊ˼÷ŮǸŮ˵ʲô֣诰뱲ӹȥˣ

˼ɼ飬ʵڱǸĲ֮ܽܲǰˣڲͬʱ䣬ͬĳԸǸŮйˣһġ

ˣ곡Ϸһ곡Ϸ֣诣ǵһϴʱҲŶʮ꣬ôȥˣһûѳסԼ˵Ҿûжһ˿𣿡

ˣ֣شϣ˵ˡ

ֱڣ֣诶ûȥһۣСؿֻҪԭֻԭ

Լûж⣬˺ٵģֻ֣诡
ͷЦɱСǲǾΰ󰡣ǲǺܸм

죡
֣读ˣ߹ȥһ˦ϡ

һ֣֣ҲûҪ棬֣ܽŴļжݣûֹͣѻꡣ

С֪ΪʲôΪϲˣĸףΪĸףܳΪŮõٰ簮ӽĿģһʼͲǴġ

˵ȥˣۣ֣说ۣǶѪˡ

һ̣ûмˣﲻļң뿪
ˣ۸ûһ⡭

С򣡡
֣׷ܳȥļ

ڴϣ˫ʳˮ
֣诣ղῴһۣҶ˵Ļ

һһ·ϴ˳Ŵ⿴겻ͣˡ

ûмҵˣǲǺֻܿ˹ûе·ϣҡҡλε֪֣ں۵û֪˫ȣǱٱ֣ץȥʲô

ʱ΢ʾ֦һƬ



102 ֻҪҾͲ
֦ɳ,̡

Ⱥվһߣܲˬ,ҪǸ۸֦һָͷǾ൱Լ,Ժûļҵ

ֻ֦,ֱȷѾؼҵϢɿ,ŨŨǳӸģ㶵ؿβɺĻǡ

ҪȺߡ

ǹֵ֦ӿ,ǺһֱڸǸղźͼһʱ,һ䲻ˣȴʪһƬȻҲᡭ

֦Ӧ죬Խ΢һ뵽ԭֻ¼,ûİ֧,ȺסŰʱԴɳƵɤʧ,ȴǿ
ҵǱ,ʲôˣ

Ⱥ鵽,ûûа

֦бɳ建ֱ,ָһһûȲ
ٸһλᣬ˵˵滰

Ⱥˡ
ĳȫļƻ,ӣ֦һˮɣֻ֦ΪǾƺԣ뵽ǱƵ⡣

Ⱥ֦ʵһ㣬˵̡֦ܼ
Ǵ.ҩǶҲ㲻
ʲô
˷һ㣬һ㣬һĶ

֦ͼѾùȫûˣøȺУֱӰ¼֤ݷŸŵɫ˵ҸæҾͰ¼ɾˡ
ʲô
֦ߵβӣĴŪңͷȺ·ˡ


Ⱥϲã˵ǿԡ
ϲõûгãͱ֦һתıҲΣҳذװ׸ˡ

ˡ֦˵

Ⱥĥĥߴߴػ˵ʲô

֦ûʱģȥ½⿪ĳӣʵûģǼĳ˺۶һء

ȺΪ֦գⶨƵһδͱ֦˺Ĩһӵϣ˺һ
̧ͷǰһĻѪ

֦Ÿ첲ڴϣӺϵ⿪ָ


ţ

֦ôͷֻվڴβϰȺ͸ͷš˵ֵԼԳЦˡ

Ǽ
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̣һһ֦ѹĵ׵̾Ϣⳡ꣬Ͱ͸ˡ

˭˯˯еŮģΪʲôˣΪʲôһ㶼ˣΪʲôͷҲصؾˡ

ϲ
ڿ۸ڶ.ʱϲú

Ⱥ۲֦ɫѯʵôˣ
Ƭ

ȺûӦ֦Ĳӣһ˲䣬ץıͷ¶.ı飬һƬһлŮġա

Ⱥûմϣͱ֦ƿˡ


¼

֦˵㻰Ⱥ棬¼ɾˣȺ뿪Ƭһ仰

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ֶ۾ʪúúݣƬȥζʲôԴ޷жϣ֦ԼŻƹˤֵز

˺ܾõĻȵʱʧصһҲƲסֻƬŤ塣

СС򣬱𣬱𡭡

ΪڶûȥǸǿˣÿһΣסˣΪõģСʲôöõģǡ

Ǽ湻ļ

Ϣϣֽ֦߬ӲſűԼȥȹӣͫ׻ɢţסϰס۾¶Цĺ촽

-

Ⱥˣǻڣѹ֦˵һտߡ

֦ӷ߳ױȹӣüۼ䶼ЦͻȻ֣ͻȻ뿪ƺûжɶӰ졣

Ҷˣ˵ֱֱؿ

֦ߣص§ļ磬ЦùľƱ߻α˵ж𣬶Ҹʲôҹյ𣬶ˣôҲû˸˵һտ֡
ɢһܲ

ɵһͷʣ˷׷ף

տ֣
ܼ࣬տ֣һ꣬ԽԽã


֦ңлл

滶ơЦִ˷߷꽻ӣ˿ӰԿ񻶵ŮŮ
Ǹⱻһԣ֦һطһĵ⡣
ѹԽΪǿңԽһһԼ

֦ܿģȴǰκһ춼Ҫģƣͺȣ裬Ҳ߲ܡ
شͷ趯֫ɳһֻḧǣ۾ջҧס´
߸Ь֪δ˳տ񣬴ųĵЦݣܣۿְȫˣʢţš

ܺһûкȾƣǵؿ

ܺʣͻؼ𣿡
š
״̬ô
ܲá
Ҳǡ
ܺ˵ġ֦
Ϊʲô
Ҳ֪ܺ̾

̱黳̧֦ͷϵĸ߸Ь߹

֦Ъ˿Цôüʲô

ȿ֦һۣڵҸɡϣһ·ܼܼ꣬࣬״̬ܲãҪʱĻȥһ۰ɡ

֦أˮȴȥӲΪʲôҪȥ˵ˣġ

ûд󺰴Уܺȴüͷ˵侲һ㣬òã

һ
߽űڵ棬Ⱥܺŵһ顣

ѾԲ֦վ*ָָȣָָܺ꣬ˣ˫ڵƹ·ʪĹ⣬һ̣ϵЦյ
ҸǣҺܺãررá

رãرãģڶʮһ죬񻶵

һ춼ˣ֦Ӵֻߵˡ
ͷۣ̹ǵۣ߳ȥʶС㡭

⻰ڣϵΧȹˡ
֦һ£Цʧ䣬ڳٶۡ

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֦ɫȻ㱣ܾòŵͷӦ
𲹳˵е£˵ˡ

֦û˵Ťͷԡңϴȥһڲǰһһ׳Ϊ׼θࡣ
ûһ겻µػظ΢Ϣͨݿ֪ˡ

ʣȥ𣿡
֦ƮƮһۣΪʲôȥ
㡭

Ҳ֪ôΪʣ֦˯֮ǰܶҪȰĻڲŷ֣ȫù֦õúܣҪЩοĻ

ֹ֦ʣҪһ𣿡
ҡͷڰѻ˵ˣС򡭡

֦࣬𿴲üۡ
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Ҹû£û£˵СŤܺˡ
ЦӲҲԲȥѵ΢ЦţĻ˵𣬻˵Լ
Щ꣬Һġ

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֦ʰ󣬱һpartyƺ°ͣº¡
ǽʱ䣬ģþƾԼһҹһҹһֱǾ仰
ġ

ֱ죬֦յһϢλһص㣬һ仰
ϵȻһӡ

ʣôˣ

ֻ֦ͷֻҪ뵽̻ݵײϣһһǼǶݺݵʼʼҶ

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𿪳һ·ŵ˽ʮòҵĵַ

˴ʮƫƧͣطûУһβ¥յĴҹǹ۾
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ڵúŤӣ֦վ˻Ķ

һһֱֻ֣ţһģһ±

֦㵵ı飬㣬㻹ǵء
֦ǵãȻǵãӳž̵Ĺ⣬ô

ŶЦҫı飬ˮֹס
ȻͰ񵽵ġ

㡭

֦һȫˣֲãֲüô˵ֲüΪ

ӣ֦һе˹
ҰҵǮ㣬Ұҵһж㣬գա

Цˣˣ

֦һΣЩȥҺס
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֪ˣʲôˣˣҸ㣬ˣ

֦Ҫ˹ʱһʤߵİ̬ҳֽӽ𺣣ճɻҽ

Ҫ
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ؿž֦Ǳļ±ڵϣתͷȥ

ôˣôˣ
ǵؿ֦

֦ҡͷһֱҡͷڻǰίӡ

ӴˣϣҲû֦֤ݣеֻǸҲ޷ϴѵԼĸıСˡ

ʲôûˣֻʣҽ

֦ȼϸ΢Ļ裬ۼֿס֡
ˡ

֦֣˫ùͷͷҹգۿ̵ˮһһǡ

һţġ
΢΢ʵɤǿһԵĹ

⼸죬Ѿ仰̾ʣΪʲôһģһļ±
֦תһߣֱ۽ǣתͷЦ¡
дģ
š
Ϊʲôһһ㶼дʲôˣ

֦
ܼǿ־ܴһŸɾİֽ־ϲ಻ɸ˵ܡ

֦վܵ壬¼ִذԼƽ˿ھ䣬ҧһǣָٴ΢ۿԸ˵ڱ¹֡

ǲˣ̫ˣ̫ˡ



103 ֦
,ϣǸõĺ,ҴС֪Ҳ,ǻ֡
ʱ,ụ̂һΪһҡ
ֱ,ңֳ
ǵ,һΪ

Ҹм̣͸ҵĸû,Һܶ࣬ҸܵʲôĸûʲôܹرģֻƴŮ

ҳеչ˼Σֵ,ֵ衣
ι̺˯,ϴ·ȥ˳ּۻֻۣΪʡһëëǮ,û,Ǯ,һҪҰȥھӼҵ,ǽ裬һ,ܽ裬ˣ˾װ
Ķ죬ȥúϲСĵȥú飬ˣúܹպü죬ãúû񵽣Ҫ˾׷Զ
ȵ죬һдҵһְñڻӶûУҾֽӸȷ磬ȳĶȷ磬𲻵ãһֱޣɤҶ߿޺дҵҲ岻ؿһ

Ƕ˵Сˣ˭ּǵãҲֻһû꼶Сѧ

һĺܲףҴδãҲδϹһʼĿֻΪȡụ̈ϣܹڴķȥɳһ̵ˡ
ĿģҶİҲġ
ҿųģûˮιҾÿǷΪ࣬ˣұҵΪȡůÿųǮгԵģûˡ

ĿԵİӦñǧ
룬ǵģҪȻôģ¼֪±֪

һƵˣһƿԣǮ
СĶ֮жǮѲġ
ҴƳԣǮư

飬飬飬ͨͨҪơ

ҵĸײңҵ裬̲ҵ裬ܿϧٶ࣬ұֵжãҿôϸеŮı׼ҾǱȲϼеĵλ
СʱδʱһЩܻ£һڿҪһʱȥȻż̽ʱΪʰоֵҡ
ͨʱ򣬼̻ңתͷȥԵ䡣

˶Լġȵ͡ҵġߡҵһγͷ

ҿʼݼûеߵعʲôҶҪϵҶ취Ϊժ
˶ѳģʱˣǰţ޼ɵضҷƢҾЩһǶģǲܸκ˷ġ
ҾҪִңҲϣŻڱԵøΪС

ͼʱҵΪΪʲôҪô

ҵĳ಻ûˣͻ˵⺢ӳġ
ҵҲһ㣬ͨˡ
ͼ

Ǵ𰸾ͳˡ
΢ĲƽⶼǻڼŮһ޿޵ģûκȱ㣬Եǰңƽͨ

һСͱӵĻ³ϲǰݣע

Ұãּá
һ߽Ұõ̳ĽģһֻȥҷͷʱӵҪݻ
ģõġ
Ҷİսʤĵ׶ӵĲ֣ǸĵҪ鷸ƵС˱һδƿֱһ죬Ҳûгֹ

ҿʼÿݣҶõǷݼʣȫ
˶ΪҾãʵǵģþҡ

ѧһλĸףһλĹУΰΪҶһâϳͬ˶ûеһֶĸԹ⻷
ǿն곤Ѫ⣬ӵһ˫Ȱ۾ֻҪſ˫ۣڵĸס

ҹ͵͵Ǳҵķ䣬ƿҵ°ڣŪҵ壬ҲûƿΪΪһλȰ裬÷׸İݣҲΪТ˳ŮΪ踶
ǣҸ˵˵ҵһֵֺķӦڴϣҵ걻оˣֻſȣûС

һ꣬Ҳʮ꣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪҴСǸ

ҹҹڴҹҹΪš

ϲп۾ܽţִܾ٣ܺһͻȻѹüһ壬סߣ᲻ߣȵҵĺƽͻŪҡ
һ͵͵⣬Ϊҵԡ

Ȼϲҵ壬ұһҪҾ͸õġ
Ҳ֮ӣߴӲȱҷϵŮˣܶܶΣĺ䣬ûκ˵óѣȻΪһô԰ˣҲںЩģҪϲҰڲ֪˭Ĵˡ


Ϊһһ͵ϷþҹұԺп뿴ζû뵽ǣҿվſڵļ̡
Ƕˡ

󣬼̶Լ۰ȴٺޱ۰ҡ
ĵطǼң޵䣬Һú£ĻţΪҴ˼ҸϳţҲʧȥôõ裬Ըһļҡ
ҹϷţ̱֣Ҹ߹ĵλûѪԵ֧ŵĸŮϵôƾԲܸܵŲǰӶҺãĿ
ҿȥʰĸʧȥˡ

ҳȥܲʵҿԼҺݺΪԼһΣҲƫִȥ׷ѰһҲҵĸȻһУҷּʱһ
ҵģҵ壬
ҹҰҵֻ֣㲻ԼҵֻϲҰԼŪ˵ϣҿʼ취һҺͼҺͼ̣ˣԶһԶûиҵİ취

ҵĻˣ䣬ײһ¡

̾һ̨ɹ̫ҡο飬ˣǳǳһһ˯֮ŵ߹ȥһ̺ӡ
ȫ⣬ңΪ˯ˣߵŷ֣Ĳ飬һƬͷЦģǸŮɬЦͷ
ҵһӦ˵Ĺϵһ㡣
һ˲䣬һƻԺг͡

һ±֪ҵ˽ûпҪľ±ݣһ
óһһģһļ±Ƥĥ̶ȶһռƴյʽдһ㹻ԼĹ£ȻʹĻü̿±ݡ

üΪҶзǷ֮룬Ǩͼ壬ȫ͵ͨˡ

ⲻһģֻΪˣ߻һǴҶáϷ룬֪һɹΪ㹻ţŵԸҰÿһˡ

̸˺ܶܶ࣬ǸܺúܺõˣĵңûΪϲңΪҵ䣬ҵǸҵǸ
Ҳ
һĻУʱ̻Ϊûзδ֪ǣҿ飬ܻúܳԶ

ֻҪüΪϲԺ󣬼ʲôٶΪĺ֣ңҾͿ޼ɵռκ¡
˲ؽɣԺˣҪǻңǣ޹ңҪʱԸ
ǽãǰô
ҲҺͼ֮ʲô飬ֻ֪һӲֿ

Ǹ̿ļ±ӽͰ档
û̿һԶ

ĵƫһ֣ᣬֿ࣬վڼĽ䣬һһУС͵͵ģǱ̬ΪĽ㡣
Ҽֵ߳ˣС
Ҽ˵ۣҼÿһҸ׽ˡ
Һ᳤ģһ죬ҶȥôͨôƽҸܰ߾һ㣬Żڽĳһ죬ְʱܹôѹ


ѡ˽

ֻҳΪ˽нȸ

֮ŤͬʱҲܡ
ǻѹԡңΪԷϴ裬ȻһԲؿŶԷеԼͻԵǰͣڶԷĳһλܾʱô֡
ǻĬرŴˣֻһЩ˵¡
·ǻụ౳ȥһ㣬Һһãǽãʲô쾭塣

Ϊ벻ңʵ벻
Ϊңʵ

һеԴͷֻΪǿģ˵۹⣬ϣÿ˶ϲңܹչ˵ÿ˵ԽͨԽƽԽǲҪ֤Լ˾ʥĸ

ˣһ£ܴܴ

ĸòã̸ܴɷĻԹۡ
ܴ绰ң߿ࡣ
Һʵûʲôĸ飬Ҳܻ˱ΰҵᣬϸģҲӶҵðҵôӻ
ҸĹܶǮڹѧģ㣬һΣ͵͵ҡ
֪ҵãܺãûųͻȻǻӭ
ϣҰҵڸסס䡣

ǼһζҷôĻڴϣʹҵĲӣҰǸ
ȱĸоϢҹⲻ˵ⱨ
Ϊ죬ΪһѧŮͬѧˣҳ˺ܴĴףû˵

ҵʼϣɿңеʧ䣬ʱһϣҷίˣңңҵǸ֪Ц

֮׷ҸϵϷ
ҰⲢӰƽȵطָÿһˣΪһս͵ʥĸġ

ʢģҷ٣ˣҵĲңǼ̣ϴѧӣ;Ҽ̣ܸ̿Ǯܴȥ档

Ұָûʲô飬кܶ๲ͬãһ
ʱȥصӪͷһлı˵£Ҿܾ˼̵룬ȥˡ

ٸһλᣬһȥġ

ֱ죬뵽ʱǸȻʹ޷
ҵļ̣ôʻһˣһڵϣײס壬ϣĸ׽죬͸ӡ
ҺȻͨһ£ΪʲôҰ֣ΪʲôҰֳ죬ôһˣὫ̣ͣ᲻ǡΪҡ
ϧû취׿ڶ˵ˡ

ھ¼ڹ˵ʧˮȥȵģûȻҰȥˣͳȥˡ

ҵʱĺûУûС

ǰͣҿͷҰȻһɱ

ҶԲ̣ԲҴӦ
ҿԼҲؿȥüΪΪĸܻһӵ£ֵá

Ұɣ͡Ұɡ

һҶԼ˵Һġ
ţһңû飬ҵĴûбǵģҺ˼̡

ҼȻˣ͸뵽

͸ңҲ֪ΪҺ˼̣Ǻ֪ǵĸߵͷȴȻϸ˵ʵ
ǸҰҺ޵ˣô⣬޵Ҳ⣬ͷҲص뿪ҡ

ҾȡһУֻΪҾõĽ֣ǴҶá

᳤ģ뿪ҵġ
ڰɡ

֣̽ӵ߸һ꣬ϴѧҿġST-VisionҲһܼϵͳڰͷչҲǵǸҶǮкö㣬һӻһӣģһ㶼ġ
Ϊںܶط÷ⲢֲҶĿǷ

ֿ꣬ڰ
뿪ңҴδ뿪

һ뵽ˡ
ҲûûҲܻû

ӣܺƼ֣ǸСнʲôģҰŵġ

ʱصߵ׼һֱڵһܹ˵ԼɣһܹԵ̵ɣһûʵɡ
ҶԼ˵һΪòãֻ߳˵硣

ǲǺΰ

ֶԼ˵ֻҪ߳ˣҾͿİõԼˡ

ѻ˵ˣԼƭˡ

֪һԭΪǶʱ䣬һߵú̬ܽȺͶԱˣܲһ
Ҷ˹͡

Ҷ˹Ͷעģڰչ˼ҾǺСΪʸվڼߣȴûУԴס
ʲôûгԴ׵ʸ
Ƕʱ䣬ҳûҹܻᣬȾƺȵ

ܲˣŲסˣԼʦݣ½
ѧҾʦְҾ˾һΪ˭ȡڼʲôݡ

ʶˣͨͨҪʶһ顣

ҵ͹ʱ;룬ΪֻҪ룬֮ǳֹϷʱ¿ʼ
߸ָҹҹ˯ȣ׵ͬѧ͵Ůҹģö˶ϲֻܿţûʸûݵĴףȻ󣬴ȵضЦһЦ

ҲҶʲô飬ҲԸȥϣҲȥϣѾˣҲٶԲҳϹӣưͣӲƵ˻
ǵһΣʧȥ
Ҹͷ棬ʱе·µױͨķʽøϲңüһҲ

ڼֱ˼Ҫÿʱÿֻ̼Ҫһ£ҾͻᱨԵ˺Ⱦơ
ȥļ̣Һܺõ֣̣ܶȫĶ
ѣûС
û취İõغͼһұøƫķʽ

ԾҶ˹֣ͣ诣ܺꡭ
ÿˣù

ҾƣÿһᶼҪϸˡ

ڽңҿԾ͵͵վڴ⣬ǼԾĵƬ֮ԾҵвҲȫҵԤ֮С
Ҹ֣пԣ׼гһգΪ˺Ĵ٣ֻҪпԣҾΪԼѵĽڣ˶޷ָҡ
Ծˡ

ΪʲôҪΪҪΪˣҪһԭǡһ𣬾ǶǸıѡ
Թÿ춼ڼʸ׽һ߰ߣѵӣһÿڵǰż´һйصϢ

Ϊûж飬ΪѰοҲŸҴ󵨵ذųڱƿⳡϷȤأƫأ˭ʱʱᣬڳͷÿ춼ҧгݵؼǣҲ֪ʲôʱǾͷ

û뵽ֽţһУǼٵģΪƿһУΪǡ
Ͷ飬ҵãռˡ

һ̣ңѾˡ

һαС͵ɱ̬ҰѼƭҵĴϣҲ˭˭һҶҪҵģֻҵģҹңһûаסᡣ

ʵܰ棬ϲѣϲ¶·˲̰ģֻѡһѡ
ǣÿμңͱ˺ã࿴һۣظһϢҾͻ᲻ģΪ㸶ô࣬Ϊʲôȫȫֻҡ
һʱԼᴩ¶·Ѽ棬ƭŻǿʱ޿̶ΪģЩο
ţҾˣֻỨܳʱԼϣĻεػصߡ

ֹ

Һϲ̼ϲ׽Բأҽˣʵȥܺһʲô̶ȣҾȻϣܷ֣ȻڴϣݺݶԴҡ

ʱھưɺȾƣһῴڣҪǼͻȻ֣һô졣
û뵽һ죬ˣҼʮһ졣
ûʲô̼·ڻԵˣûк³
αˣڱ͸ˡ

֮䣬ûʲôλߣΪĬĬˣеңԶģνġ
ĺѹ

һʼеûаȫжˣҡ
еûаȫжˣҡ

ΪʲôôôңҶòԶ

Ϊǲ׽á

׽ãҾͿѪԵϵһҳԴ׵ʱ޼ɵسܽ

Ϊʲô찲ãǲ׽ã
Ϊʲô



104 ףԶ
һκܳ¼,֦״ε꣬档

վߣ֪֦Ǹ򵥵,ţȻôܡ

Ϊʲôʡ
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ͷ֦ۿ,۵ʵǺҪǿ,ǺԸ𣬲ǺĿ,ΪʲôҪҵ˵ЩͲҴȥ𣿡
֦ϸϸĦ̸,۾ôį㲻ġ
֦Ŀ͸,㵽̫Ըˣ̫ˣ

֦ľګЦЦҲ˵

Ѿյһ˿Ӷûˣ֦׹ȵ׵飬ȻǺԸ,ҪȻҲڿ˵šġ,ǣԸͷ̫ǿ,þʲȥۿǴ𰸡

*֦¼ļʽ浵,ָĻǰܳʱ䡣
⼸,ҵ㿪ͼ,ٸһϢ,±ɾ˺ѡ

˵Ǿ÷ʧȥˣԣʲôҪˡЩ¼ڼ±ϵ£֮ԱΪܣΪż㷢֣Ҫ֮νܣҲ޹ؽҪˡ

֦ӲûʧȥûС

δ渵
֦֦ܾʣинĹж֪ҵ׳֦ĹǮգʲôУ֪жҲ֪ҵĵûгֻҪԼͻʶţԼܶʱҲ˵ģЩŮŮʱҲû뿪ߣԸԸϣģȫ

û˭˭ȫ˭˭ܻ

һһ̵ֺֺ֦Ц
֦ʲôʱܹѧһ㣿

ڵϳ̵̧֦ͷıΪࡣ
һ𣿡

˵Ƿĵ
Ϊ̾չֳһ棬ΪռϷ磬аգгȷ۸㣬ҪʱͻһԽԽҪվñֱԽԽҪֵη壬ģµҲģ̵ĴģΪ˱ԼΪӱʵĻģɵ˺ġ

ܺ˵ڸ鷽ܳٶۣʵԱɵ⣬ŮˣŮ˺Ů֮츳Ĺֻ΢߽֦Զ
ѵ֦ͼߵò

Ϊߵ̫ˣ̫Էˣ̫̫أ̫̫࣬ͬҲ޷ԷĵףСõ££
ҲӦ޹޹ǣûѣûɣ󣬱Ъ˹ķӡ
İдڵıҪ

Ǹһͨˣ֦ڹ¼ļıɾʱӱԵʵ䲻ȵҹ⧲ط
еˣ֦˱ԼͷôûסˮϵԼ

ʧȥһܺúûȥ𣿡

-

Ƕ¼֦䣬ϣĸ飬Ȼһ˿һԸԭԸٸһλᡣ

֦ʱûдְȻˣǾʼգѧҵ

֦վڽ̨ʱŷԼûôǿ˫ֳŽѧǣ鲻Խ죬ѹڽǵ龰ǵüζ

ڽҵĹÿһڼӵ˵ļͣ½Ųڸվѧɽȴһ۵˵һĿָࡣ

֦վڽ̨ˡ
Ծһԣ֦Լû취רȥһ£ֻҪһӻַӶֻԼ̫ͱƭôû

ӵˣְ֦

һÿν֦·۱ʾˣߵúܼӰܿ͹ͺȻĶ䡣

֦֮ǰӦ۾죬ȻǱǼ⣬Ƕ䡣

˽˭ǰˡ

ʦ
Ծ¥ݹսǰס

֦εػͷž˫ĴӣһϴˢԾ۾޹֦һ̣жһʹ

ԾƾŵʣʦҪ𣿡
š
Ծǲˣǻټ𣿡

ǰ֦϶˵һ䡰ġڼѾߣòٸ˱ʲôýˡ

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һ£Ծĵףҹҹߣ˵ҲЩҲպΪĵԶȥĿ

ѾǲûкúóԹһٷθۣ۾ۣûһطڵģ֦ˣ֧סƣ壬ʲôˣʲô˵ˡ
ǼµĻҸǸƬҹⱻĵģ㡭

֪Ҷ֪

֦ɢסˣһԱĶУ϶ټǿڸǲġ

Ծأ˵һǳǳ£ʮֻҡ
ʦ֪߲֪ҶһҪ˵գ˭ˣǼǱʵΪҪ۸ǰ֪ģӾͺܻû߼Ҫһ㣬Ҳ˺

۸
۸ˡ

֦߬ȭͷڶ৵صȥȥͷٵͷһȭڼѣס죬̵ǱԾȥ

Ծ˵״ΣһղŵĻԼ©˵ʲô
Һҵ֣У֣Уʱϵǲûеóѣ˺ܴľţʦĺܱǸھΡ

±ԾĵףڵԷйܲΪ˵õһԭ£ȻȫȥҼΪʲôҪ֦˵Ϊ֦ͼ׽ˣ֦֦һ
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Ծڴˡ

֦ʧһ˫׵ۣǧĲɣһһˡ

ΪʲôֱʧȥĽ죬֪£Ϊʲôû˸߹

С򣬱ǿнʱ򣬺
С۲ۣ

ֽ֦ҵǽǣں޲ѵץͷſһһȥ绰Ӧֻле
ãĵ绰ǿպš

ˣ֪ˡ
С򣬽ӵ绰ӵ绰Ҫ㡭

ֻ֦Ҫ뵽£ȴһһΣɶ˺˺ôܹԭԼúñúðοο
ǣѾɵ˺ʲô

һӹ¼ҹˣ

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ȥˣ

Ҳ֪

֦ѵգ۾㱼䣬ߵʱصǰ
ϷӺܾɣ˯ú£ǳ̫ϣʱΨһǡ
Ҹ֡

Ǵʲôʱʼ̰ģò֪㣬ҪԽԽࡣ
ܹصһʼжá

̫ˣһͨķֱ˺ҲѰӰ
̫Сˣһתһգۣһڣ

ڵؼң˵Ҫա

֦ȹӣµױƿǵţ߹ĵذ壬ڳǰҸЦݡ

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ǺȻ˸ˮۣˮڶߡ
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ˣˡ

ʲôˡ

֦һһڳŵ⣬ЦĨȥˮͶ±

СҵԸǣףҸף֡

ף㣬Զˡ

ʱһûףӵ棬óһöڵĽָ



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ι,ľӴʪ꣬Ҳûһɡ
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߳ǵȥ,ʮ갮ˣҲȥʮꡣ

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ڴ,ڿԼˡ
վڶԱ֮ǰҪᱡһǰ,Ůţ
ͨͨͣ,ŵڴġ


ɳƵβһ˿ḡ,,˫۵ۡ

ŮŶ,ܼٴΣ©ġ

Ǿưɺ̨Ϣ,Ϻ棬Ǹ¼䣬ռ䲻󣬺Ұ

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ֻۻèſɳϣָ̻Ƹᰴͷ̧Ѵ֮ͰŮˡ

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á

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Ůһͷ𷢣˴ǰЦŶ˵лл

Ů˵ЦݺḡͶĸоḡŴһǳ켣ҹŮˣܲ۾һЩ˶һʹ۲תż׿ḡı棬ĵɫζĨȥġ


Ǹ֡
ˡ

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Ů˿ȥʱָһöָʮɫĵƹУ̳⡣



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վ˺һֱ֦ûϳ˵ʲô飬ɿͬʱЩСʧ䡣
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ΪҲ֪ʲôһҵŮǹʵҪ̽£Ҫ̫ˣؼҰɣ𣿡

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ⲻǰûӣ˾Ͳˣ˵ҪǴµĶ䡣

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һʱϲ߽أЩŮŮһ𣬷Լ壬ͷѹֵ
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ոչʮյ֦ԣģֻʱܿ㣬ٿһ㡣
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ץ,֦ײû鷴,·ʶĵ,ֻǺϰһĿ,͸е˵˿
֦һҧ,֡

֦۲ţβĿĺ,˵Ļȫںڡ
촽ʶ䶯,鲻

Ϊʲôûػá
⻹еǸ߰ģãȥˣ

ͷˣ᲻ɿϰ,ϰļ,Ҳǰġˡ
һ̬ؿ֦˫ֱָۣ֦ͨιҲ˵,ԾûȤ,,˦,۶ϰ
磬ܾ,˼Һѽ

ãҪģ綼㡣

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·Ѫ˳žݵѳһߡ
ˣһûκŮˣ·Ļ𣬶û취ٽȼ

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ʱ·ϵһ˿Ķ۱ˡ

С򣬽𷢺ƯҲƯҾ֪ҵС򣬲ģʲôӣ㶼㡣
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һһ꣬Ϊʪ͸ǲ类ɹɣֱ֦ٴγ֡

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ëҲи§ˣǼڱ֣͵ͷš
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𡭡ߣ㣬£˵һƽϡ
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ѺëԭλĶ欼ˡ
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Цһ̣˵Ůˣ˭ʣ˭Ū飬ÿһλŮ˶ΪֻҪ룬ڳ˭Ը¼Ůϴ



ֱ֦Ÿ첲չһᣬסĺ󾱣ݺץ˵ĺۣѪȾëµڡ



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ϻسͷ,˻ȥ۰죬һΪбá
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ֱۣǸŮˡ

۾ɵ,ΪʲôҪͣȱ˸á
ǻ谵,Ϊʲôеô

֦βɺ죬ָĲ,,ʧ,ȫһ

ָо,ü֦ͬ

֦ٿ,ûסҾưһﾯԼٴΣҪȥżȴ˼ҹʹķʽǰʱûסվųصĲӣ
ǴģǸġ
ȫɥʧ˫۾ر죬޶Ҫͷϧ̫䵭̫飬ܾˣκ˽Ļᡣ

һŮˣ˵ȡƷļ¶
С֪룬վڼȴҳ΢벽ҡ

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ëһҪƬȦҫ˷ܵظӪСˡ
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ҪΪĿˣ¿ûѵŶ

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ѽ
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֦һӶûôӼƿǷ飬ҹյƣį
𣿡

ǡþòǡҺ㡱֣֡


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ˣģȴȺѱ仯ܶһۿ
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ҴڨԻӣַʽܵͼ

ϧԼӣ޷֦Ŀͱӣ۾ɬÿһգۣ۽ϸ΢ƱἷһΣĵ׼صķһһ㱻ƣ̲ס˵ǾԼһǴŵĻ
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֦죬Ĳȫߵ

Ż磬̵ûйͷش䣬͵ɲǺϰŶ

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˻Ƶ÷·⣬ʹݺݸ˾Լһȭ



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ھưɵĹ൱ɣԸȥĻ,һʮСʱԸĻʮ²ȥҲ˵䡣
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ʻڹ·ĳӰ޺˦صڶϣе㳳ȴֻŮ濪ʱĺ
̵ƽ任ԽԽ졣



Ӱ֯ļͥӰԺĻϲŵʮ˽߶ƬŮ˲ƬƵؾһ𣬶űȫŴĴϢࡣ

Ϳһ飬֪ĿǰĹϵƬһΣȴǹһѣΪľǿʲôӦ
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Ӻ󣬷żµİ׷ûԼ׼ҲֻӲͷƤ׷ֻԿףڰ档

Ѿʮһˡ

⳵˾ѳͣǺͥſڣ͸ӾźθŮˣλھưſڽӵģʱ·ӣѯǷҪȥҽԺҡͷַ

˾һѣʲô伲ҽĴ

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һ֮볹ʧϸˣ

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֦Ųȥӣһװ˵Ҹһװװ׵ʹ࣬촽ſüΣɬڴɤＷ
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΢֦ĺ˵Ĵվһǧ֣һ֡

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ҹӲȱˣĳֳ֣һƬɧò֪ΪǴӵ񻶣˿ضԴÿһˡ
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һ̴ٵЦţûεЦݺƿ֦վ߸ϵм֣֡
ٵļ±ӽͰˣȴˣ֦㻹ҵСƭΪһ¼Ҿ͵ùԹԻͷ㣬ǲǾҺܴ׽Ūңƭң˼𣿡

Ҫ۵ģӵһ˵ʱ֦͸뵽н죬ڼǶӣûĵƭľ棬óеġ

֦пѱ磬վҪȴңֻؿϣʩһ

Ǽʵüθ
ôңģرġ

֦ͷһֱͷ
˵öԣǶģرģʱ֪ϧúðˣȴ˷ǵĽ죬겻ɢ˺ǰҴڸУ˭ġ
֦ûʸΪԼ䣬ֻƣۣۡ

ΪʲôòѧȥһˣȴҲûлᣬȥ밮ˡ

֦ɳʹͷ̬ɵ壬õˮߣһһε䣬Լ޳
۾ģӲ͸ֽһԼôǱ

ʱڽűߵӰ̧ͷǼǸղüļ

֦֪û鲻Խס֡
С򣬱ңòã

һΪȥϵᡣ
֦ȼϣĻ磬ΪԸٸһλᣬ޾ɺʱһ仰ҪϵģӲҵķѡ

С㣬ղݵúòãã



114 ңҰ
̬ŵ޵,޼ɵԼţһ仰,ö,鵽˻޵Ů,Ϊ͸ȦΪֹ
֦ǿЦ,ǿѹȫƾû

ôشѽ
֦°ڵĿ,һΡ

֦üĿǻû˵ֻͷ

þǰ,ȴϡ
ˡ̵ݣܹӽΨһ;ʹҲ̣ҲЦ

ʱ䣬ô,С,ȥϴˡ
š
֦ûиվ˼˱úܽǡ
С,ѵͲһϴ𣿡
̧֦,ʾζԵ
ԡ,ܴ̼ġ
Ц,ߴС·ƶ,ʱʱ⣬ջһ󴽡

֦ƺʡܶ˶ԡ̼

˵Ц֦βƵø졣
֦ܣڳԴףڼʣڳǿͬһλĿˣʧ棬ܳȴڿధ󣬹ġ

С㣬ģĿˡ
ϲ𣿡
սˣȻϲ
֦촽䶯ϲ𣿡
˭
ˡ
ǮģҶϲ

֦ò׼Ц̡
ȥ⿪ϵĶָۣĦǡ
ϵô𣿡
ȡ
𣿡
š

ѻʵ̫׾ӣ֦ÿһ类ļӱụ̀治ɫ

С㣬ǡ
ͣ٣Ц񣬺ֱײ֦۵ס
ʵúܡ

һӣûһӣǷ㱻ȡ
ǿˣҲȡá

֦Ҫ͵Ļֻ̻ȥһδαģôĥôĥٶҲֻʡ

ԽԽ˼ˡ
ѹȥüԣˣԽԡϴˡ

ԼĪʮӺ󣬼Ь߳
ʱϴͷղֻ򵥳裬ϴǾƵṩԡۡ

ȥϴǰ֦ʲôˣʱ
⿪ĶۻţߺĿֻҲ棬оͦ˵ģͦ۵ģﻹİһЦ

ˣˣرϴˮ֮
ɵϣС㣬ð£Ͻ˰ɡ

֦ǳ߿

ôûȤң
һѣ֧첲ָĿǣңҰ㣿
֦üС򡣡
ѩ

ǽ̫ãǻʹ֦ĵ㡣
֦üͷԽԽãѩ㶼Ǹ˭ѧЩ
ʲô
͡
֦ʵѿڣ촽ܾã첻ֻ
ЦҵĿǣǡ

ǡ
˿ˣкܶ

֦ͷƵĺڳ磬ر죬ԽԽ졣
˺κ֪ˡ

۾ϵúƺģЦ˿Ρ
һֵǧС㣬˷ѵЩʱ䣬ҵЩǣҺüˡ

һȥ֦վڷ䣬סۣһһߵߣʧ˽

֪ߵسſȣ

֦Ǳúܽҧס´ҪѪ

С㣬ϲʲôŮ˰һ㣬Ǳһ㣬ЩܹȤĻҲһȤģ磬ݽá

͸ղһ
ʹ񣬵ʵļ
֦Ŀ챻ļĥþˣеظҧѪԵøĿ

ôݣ

͵ȣؼһ֪ܸȣǸ㣬
ʹ
Ҿݱ㵱ɵƭǿҪӵĴãô

֦Ļ̧ͷϸĲȥ

ȥ˯ϵЦĿ˵С㣬Ǹմ֪ĸҰؼҵĽ㣬ôܵͷأӦװһװȻʱֱ׳ΪԼ⣬ѴƣϾ޹ģȰұƷˣͰҰӲϹģжۣΪǰҵģҵġ
˵ţźЦ
ƭңˣңǿң˵ңǲǺܴ̼ˬɣС㡣

֦죬ѼҪҪ

Ҫѽ

С㲻Ҫ
Ҫ˺˰̣ԻٵķʽͷµĴ

ųĬ֦źϧˡ
ʲô
ҶˣС㻹ǲңĲ𣿡
ǣҵ⡣

ûλ˻ҵ޶ԡ
ԡϵС㣬òǲϲŮ˰ɣ
Ȼ
ûѻ˵꣬ø٣ϵòϲ˰ɣòϲͬʱϴɣò˾ͻɣ
ҡ
ȻǵģֻǸЦ
Цò֮֮Ỻˣǿˡ

ԡ˳Ű߼绬䣬ƹ¶İء

̻¶壬ǽԶϴ

Ӱһһֱ֦͸Ѫܣָ׽̵޼̣ϸ·һ۱ϣƫƫ͸Ųµ룬ô۲

ᣬĺ⸱ӡ

֦ӣǺã¾ŵ
ԣú˯

һأ׵ĺڣܲ͸⣬ðʲô壬۾ôѩ֦Ľ΢΢᷺ϸ⡣

ʣ㲻˯𣿡
Ȼ˯
ϴĻױж˰ɡ
š

֮ڣ֦ӰԽԽԶ΢ĲĦ󣬼һ
ɳˣ

֦жױüǲ֬ۺ棬ŲƯ۽ᣬָСȥŪױ
ɳİ̬ױȴһء

Ƶ޹ζʮŨأǼҵĸоеһζòļܵΥİȣΣܿΡ

ʲôζ
ʲôζ

ϴҺϴˮˮ
ǣǣʱۣѾģ֦ϵζ
ӤʱͰѿֵ˯ζ

ü˯֦ߵߣذ˯տһһ顣
ôҪˡ

ãܹߵʱҪ㣬úÿ㣬Ѵʱ⣬ڽͨͨҵ۾



ոµһ졣

û˯ȻѣǱɤѵģһ£С
ɳ֦۾߿ʱҲ

ǰģƽöΪ⿪Ķһֱûϵ쳨¶ŵĲ԰ײ
һѲױ촽Ŀں죬ԣǸͿûá

ǻһЦ£ɢԡ´֦ߣûһֱۣ߽ԡҡ
ٳѾȹӣһֱϴ£ûٿ֦һۡ

Զ֦ȴоңԶ

ֻֻͲҡ
ԣֱȥǡ
ǿ֦һۣһ䣬˵˵ˡ

ֻ澫ְļſȥ֦סˣڼȥ֮ǰεסš

ûױⲢӰòЦḡȴʱͼأʱͷȫϡ

С㣬ʲô

ʵ֦Ҳ֪ΪЩ嶯᲻üߣţ´ټǺ£ûеףܻţܺ¡

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ţ
һ緹òã
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ܵĽˣɱǣͨѶ㣬ǣǷϵˣ׽ˣãؽһҹͷѩҲˡ

֦鲻ԽᣬôֵǮ͸άһױһģ⣬ƿ߿ֻˡ

֦ûаȫУҲƲסԼȥĽŲ

Цźһһ죬ߵãתţһһ͵ͣ·ԣվڳǰ˾ӭ
С㣬ϳ

ϵλ˾ôˣν𣿡
ǵģС㡣
˾ӣѼš

ֻ¶Ҫϳ֦С㣬ȵȡ

С㣿
ƺȤ

üͷѹ£ͷʣС㣬𣿡

ܴĸоԵӭ֦ƣ
䣬ɱͦõеӣǵ΢ƣĵ׺

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֦˹ص֧̣ȼָ̼䣬ż侲Ŀ˵Ұɡ

㣿
ţҡ֦̣̣ǮҪĶ
£££Ҫʲô

Ǹ߸ϵ
͸Ƶ侲αװ֦ﶼǱ
ɲԣҿ㡣ɲԣҪҵʧ

ʱųŻŮ˴΢΢ŭ*ɤӳڴ
ҵˣҲ



115 ô
һ۵Ĺ֦ͳ֮,۾ʵû峵Ů˵˾㻤żϳ,ȥѾϲ

סĲ֦,벻˵ļȦ,˵Ĳ׷ϳ֣һ뿪ͷ

¶˵ĳڡ

ͣ׷ϵŮӰģ,λعͷεļ
ɫ̫,岻𣿡
ţɤе㲻
㴩̫,ԺţഩһЩ֪𣿡
Ц֪

ˣν,ô
˫ִ,ָ΢·

·֪֦סҾƵ,һ,ȡ
,ֻϣԶ֦ʱ,·
ʵ֤ˡ

ллղŰҡ
Ӧõġ

û緹,չθ˾ʻҪ󣬰Ѽͻؼҡ

ŴµļСߣŮ׷ߣ顣
ԶԶע

ϧβ֪㲻ģǳ춯صİ顣

¥Ӽǰк˵٣æü·

¸ް§ߡ
ô٣Ҳ¸ð
۾ɬգ£Ѿðˡ
²ӿŲؼҸҩ죬ڼҺúϢĶȥˡ
áЦġ

ӣûȥưɡ

Ϣ֪ʹܵģѧУż٣绰ҪַҪȥչ
ճ¥ţſڿһˣʶһλ㡣
죬᲻λᵽſڣ˺ܺõģԸʮ䵭
ס

ƽ㣡

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쿴ž䣬ȴȫûзӦƮƮֱɰذС

֦ͷû˵

ǽ̸ĵƽ㣬ôվﰡ
̧֦ļ֣ȿԱ
ŶĿѽ
š

֦ŴСĶһ͸ϴװȫҩ
һ뵽ʲôͷ΢¡

ҪʣȲҪȥcrush
֦һ£crushǡʲô˼
ѽǰ󡣡Цƽ㣬ƽʱ𣿡
á
Цһֱʱ䲻ˣƽ㣬ˣġ

֦٣ٵûУȻѾܳȥķ˵ȥģպʱ䣬ɡ
תȥ壬Цòá
ллƽĺ⣬ȥ壬򳵹ȥܷġ

塭
ӦþСڵס

Ŀǰ˽٣ֻ׳ô֥Ϣ㹻֦Цһ¡

Ѿϳ⳵ķ󷴾𡪡
ƽ㲻ǻڵȿԱôͻȻ˵ʱˣ

˼άɢķ죬ֱվڳðݵ࣬ﻹʱ⡣

ſļͷ϶طգʲôԲ£㣬ӲͨһζŲš

㣬ȥϢɡ
Ÿܣ´ߣܺЩ
ޣðɡ

ܿˣۿȥС룬ŷġ
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ڲΣԽԽԴúܣȫûһطǲ۵ģҽԺҩˣǳҩԣûá
㻻ҩԣǽ⿪ϴҩ

ǣ

ϴ﷭һŽ̾⺢ӡ

ŲվȥֻӺ˯һްͳȥˣڵͨûӡ

Сѣϳ⳵ŽˣãСſڵ㡣

˫ֻǰѶ÷ֲŲ壬޾ɵСſȥ

̫ˣ˶УżˣĸǰԼʵʵΨվ·̵ǸŮˣĮһе񣬱ȼ컹Ҫϼ֡



ʶüߴƿŵֻ۾ѩˡ
ĳ֮䣬֦Ŀȷس߸ЬۻӲĵ棬°ڱߡ

Ƭ̺󣬼̧ͷӭһ֦֮˫Сۡ

˫۾һ·ģ֮ǰȻͬ

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ɢ
š

ʮ㣬ɢ幫ߵҲǹġ

ʵڲ˵һ仰ܵҪ˵ÿ

ɿ֦̣СغС㡣

㷳
ţûϷͷ

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ҩСվͳҩҲ̫áС㡭

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֦߽ҩһһƬһΣոҩθ᲻

һһһ㲡ⱲӶˡ
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֦ǼķԾ˺һĽëϹ飬ܲᣬһֱڼߣԲҪô˽˼ӲЦ
ˣúϢ

һ
ÿһ֦ڱԼסǣͷĺ롭

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綼ü

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֦ģǱӰǱǰ˲֪ĸĳıӰ

֦ʲô£뿪õѡշ
ģ壬׷øӦŹرǰʹظȥ

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㣬ǱõŽװҩʱ򣬲Сװȥˣ´ȥðɡ
СŮʲô˼Ȼ
㵽𣿡
ţˡ
ҸղŸ绰ôûӣ
̫ˣֻԶػˡ

˵һκóĻ˵绰

ô·ߵҪ͸֧ÿһоһҪϣϢأߵԪ¥ſڣȥͶĿûţе㼱ˣʹˣƣ嵱Ȼ֧ŲסΪԼⲻҪڵأ롪

һֻֽסȵƮˮζĻ

֦ܺÿ
һ˲񣬵ΪССݾ͸ı֦̬ȣʹƿ

Ƿֿˣǵͷһ𣬵ֵ֡
аغһǰѲ

ˣСҲˡ

֦˫ִ¶ؿһɨѼȫûд󶯸ɸؿ֣ǷϵĻȣ𴽽Цˣ񱻷̡

㷭ݿ˵Ԫ¥̨ס
߼֦͸

ʵܲˣͷûصسҪʵڼįҸҼкòá
֦ػ͸ǿ˭ҪҪ㡣
첻
ҿԵȵڡ
߰ɣ𣿡Ҫˣֿʼ

֦Ѿôϣߵġ

ڲϵΧڷҡڣ֦Ĵɫ޵ǵõ塣
ô𣿡



116 Ҳɾ
,ƽ͵˵Ҫ˺𣿡
Ҳ˺ֻ㡣
лл,ҲҪܲ𡣡

֦ܽ,¼뿪,һ˶ԭأ˺½,վڷڵҡҡ׹άǿĻȡ
,ԸԸĽ㻹ûиҴ𰸡

ֻҪҸ𰸣ͻ̴ǰʧ,𣿡

֦££ͷסȥ·Ĵ𰸡
طЩӣһֱ˳żһθþĿ⡣

ڱң
˵ûί,˵ôҵģ

֦ͷ,ѸĨ۽ǣǱ㣬һᡣ
Ŷ
һõĻᡣ

գգ۾,Ҳֹһ
Ҳ⡣
̬ӹԱЦ
Һࡣ

,ǹ̵,ӻ¯¿̿,һһս֦ǻ
֦䰴סʹ࣬۵׽δˮⱩ¶װʹαװ
Ҳɾ

ͼʲô
ͼ㡣
㲻дȾ𣿡
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ǣЦҲǲмС㣬ô꣬ôȦȸһ㶼û䡣
Բ𡣡
ڿûϵִֻһݣһܹüʧݣƭԼҲãҲãҪģһһͷ֧뿴̫
ԣԸ𣿡

ִ֦ʣִؿ

û̸𰸣ͬ

֦Ưᣬ͸ȦۣվԽЩǻ㱻³ĶζƣŮʱڵ崿һʱվǽΪĳŮˡ
ܺúܺãԶԶ߽ǿ
ֲϹȻܿǣ֦̫ӵӣ˿ģֻƤңģǰƤұ棬εĶ
ƭѣԣŪϷˣᣬ˿ڣʹ֦ġ
˲һֱͣڹȥҲǾŹȥ֡
̫ܻճ˭˭ܻ
ķ룬Ƕڳɳڱ仯ȥЩõĲõģֵ

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ʱ򣬱ڣϤİ֦ȻҲ

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ңǣΪʲôվһƽؿŶԷ
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ΪʲôҪȶҪ治ɫװʲôûһ
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֪վжãһʱʱգۣʧ˫ڷſգڶʲô

о

ü뱻Ӱ飬Ȩų̂ףԹԵߡ
·ưӰúóһۣܿǵβӰӡ

һ겻ɢĹ

ӿŲȴô˦ˡ
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ллá

֦վ·ƵӰͷƮȴֱģ֪ԼӣᣬҲӣᣬԼһ㣬ü˳һ㣬Ǹˡ
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ҵĲȫˣСذɡ
á

ǰ֦Ǽ˽ⲻ֪һֱȦˣǼ
֦ǼĽҪˣ֦

аʱϷ
ûʱв

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վ·½绰ö½š
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һ̧ۣ˽ľ룬֦ŷ·һ˪ŵˡ
㡭
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һȥӲ˫վ֧ŲסһΣҪǼۼֿһѣҪˤˡ

˭վԹ۵ġ
˳ֲһ£üͷԸ˭֪һ£ûˡ

֦վһ磬ǹģһ棬һֱɵȡ

ʱ֦͸֧еվסˣֲҷţطִش࣬ͷ῿ڼͷС
߲ˣԲܲ鷳㣬ȥСſڡ
Խ˵ϢԽҪý塣

ûмܸܵɢ
׼򳵻ȥ
ʮ룬֦طһš

֦Ҳܰʱʶѵ͵⳵ϣֻϵù
Ƿġ

֦۷ؼҡ

˸߸Ь֦ȼҪһ㣬ݣֽƬƵģȫѹڼϣҲûء
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֦ɵϣûӦͱһڿ㡣



119 쵰
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ˣ޿ܡ



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ͷӦ,ȴûһ,ǰ˫,
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,ɫ˱,ô⣿

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ϲʲô,Ѿȥˡ

ƽ㣿ĸ,üͷϡ
԰
컹ΪԼľ仰˵òõ,ǵüĿͶ¡

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üһ䣬§סļ磬С˵ûôϢã鲻̫ãһƽϡ

صͷţ֪ġҡҾˡ
ǰؿ˼һֹۣ˵ʲôһ־ò̫ʣ˻ȥ
⳵ϵµ¡

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״̬ǻû߳ҪǱ֪ƽµˣһĵġ

˼ȥڶ

ӣյĹ޺ʣ챻ıһӽͰΪ

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µǵܣɡ
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ܰʲô
ԥ˵ܣ֪Լĸ飬ҽҪ˵Ļܻﲻܡ
ûϵ˵

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ǡ
ʲô˼һ૵Ҳ²ˡ

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ǵģǣֻҪܹϵˣķա
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Ҷˣ˼ǣֻҪ·ϣлķգÿ˶ôùײˣȻҲվˡ

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ĥܲΪ·пܻҲ˰ɡ

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ҲɡεЦЩʡ

´ȻȻʶΣ֦ĳ̶ֳϣһˣͣٿƣż͸ģж԰޷˵ľģΪҰһˣڱһҰš
Է·ǱǷںͰһλá
ԽβŻá·ȡ顱

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ܣðһ£ڿ·ĳ᲻С
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˵ţԼȵۡ
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վǵؿ͸֧ҡҡ׹ļ
ҵļ֦֡



121 ıӰ
,ԼһkױˣҹȹӸմ,ǱʱˬԼ˵,Լ

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ʱ
͸ӣͬȫױ,ûͷʣ㲻˵ˣȥư𣿡
,ȥ
ôÿЦŻͷϷʵͷɨôԼᰡ
һ㿴л˭Լ
˵ĺҵƵġ
,Ȼϻ˵,Ҿ͸ú˵˵

ߵֻ࣬ժĶزס¡
ö˼,Ͳµ϶ڴʲôСžš

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һΣĿת֦ߣܿһ¾ǣƺ֦ٴˡ

ջߣǳϵģȻģĿԡ

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лл

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ҵģǿҵģǼ
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üЦվߣʧ͸Ŀ⾭֦

ʱıƣ֦ȥӱסߡ



123 Խ
֦Сؿڼ,ʪȵĺôֻҪתܰûаȫе֦

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á
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,ķ˿һ,֦ҧǵһ˿ǽɫģõͷ,еɿ,ŵȾζ

֦ڣҰСʱʱ,𣿡
Ҫʲô
л˵

һ,Сʱ֦ͣжɳӺ,ģְֺ޵ۡ
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ãҲ֪˵Щǲ̫ˣĺܿģˣл˴Ҳٺطꡣ
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ţҾͺѹ
㳤ˣȦȾ˽𷢣Цˣİӣͦõġ
ģĺԼ˵һĽ㣬ûôͰŪˡ

ʧȥԺҲŷ֣ǰŲµЩˣЩ£Щ罻Ȧӣô΢
ԣԸʧȥӵеһУǮλԸһжֻصֻ㣬ҲֻҡǶʱ⡣
ʱǲ֪㣬̫̰ģĺܲƽһС
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˵ãҰ㣬Һðð㡣

ûʸ˵仰ǣİ㣬Ⱳӣ㣬ûаڶˣûС
ʶ̫̫ˣõҶ֪ǴʲôʱʼѶİӽãŮ˶Ůˡ

ǲǴûи˵ʵһ㶼ϲƼƼܡ㶼ǵ˭ˣô꣬һֱǵ
˵ѧˣƼƼͬѧǿԽȥѧ
㣬ء
ش˵ûпһѧͬѧ

ûеġ
ãʱûС

ÿϣҶԶԶʱ첲رᣬҾԽԽ
ǣұǴ꣬ҪӣÿοҪװϲ
ʵĺܼʰ
վںԶĵطſ㣬һ룬˫۾װŵֻҰôԽǳԽҪ˷ȥˡ
ΪʲôòֻһˣҲǷ㡣

ϰֺǣκһ˺ͻԵҺܻͦӭġ
ǣΪǿ㣬ֻ㵱ǱСãռ㣬ϵһ
ָоϵ

ãѾãԽġ

ǽϲġ
ǽǰ·ҵġ
ǽ㣬Ľ㣬һϲ⣬ѾĻ㰮ң벻ҡ

ãСǰҾͺԱҰߣ±˰ߣҪߡ
󣬾Ȼְߵġ

ôôء
Ϊʲôܺúðء

ã㱾иõѡиõȥ㣬Ҳֶεظǣ㲻òȥѡңһҸ

ڵ㻹ϲ

ÿ

ꡭ꣬ż

ʱ룬ǻһ𣬻
ţˡ
ã̫ʱ۾ۣӺܴܿգú𣬻һ̫

кö⣬㣬ÿϧͲˡ

ã֪Ҳ䣬˵ô࣬ҪΪԼʲôֻǡֻеƲסˣ˵ҿܻһЩ޷Ƶ¡
ھưɿ㣬ҾһֱѹԼ
㣬뱧㣬ҲܣֻԶԶ㣬вʶС㡣

ǣã֪ÿôңж
׽ˣһС㣬һС㣬ҺЩǣǣϵȺš

ãΪңҪңɽӣҸ㣬ɹˡ
Һʹ࣬㿴ģʹһ򱶡

ҵ״̬ر𲻺ãҵĹ㣬ҵĻ㣬ԣԭ½㣬Ҳǹȡ
ֻ£ÿһΣҿ㣬Ҷ̲ס㣬̲ס㡪ɲԱƿңٸҶһʱ䣬˵һ˵жమ㣬ж㡣

֦ŵúƽȴǿƲסһһΡ

ˮֹסµ಻ûƭ˺㶪Ƕκò߳ĸ
޵ҹһҪòң񵽱ߵ߶ķθһķľҡΪ˺üΡ

תͷ۵֦һ˲ŵüΣɳƵɤĿİ

ˣɲԳʵңҲΪĻѻˣԵҺɵɵ֪Ƕ˵ɵ
˭˵ˣ
ʶˣ֪ұƭˡ
ڴܺ߰ɣҲɵˡ

֦§øΪʲôᣬһôѵ
û˵ѣģģҲġ

̸ЦЦ
һֱߣߣ𣿡

ˣ񣬶ܷꡣ

֦ǵģ޷Ǹ鷳ĬĬ˻վλá
̧֣ſǵ̵ᣬָⶶֶûòΪᣬ֤ݡ
˽Ҳû

֦ǰС벽ĻδڣͱŻķӦͷ

üˡ

ǣ̫ĥˡ
ת뿪ɣԱ˴˶á

ס죬۾֦пĿԼªģŤģŻġ
ʱ䵹ǰೡ
ʧ̵߳һһѵͷ޵ͷ۵ݵƤǵһ̲֪Ƭҩ
ÿһ꣬ʵ

ʹԴͷǰĽ㡱

ʮļʲôʸʮļԭ֦

·һͨˣ˵棬֦֧̣һһڳ̣һһºѩ䣬޺ۡ

ѩڼͷڻָ⡣
ûлͷͷѩϣٰϴøɾЩ
С㣬Сʱˣˡ

֦ڼǧϣͼදͷҹգѾûп޹ĺۼͼڻ￴һ䵭Ե

ʮӵ㣬ҵűƿ

װкʹ֦ͼ߿ߴס۾쿴ϹˣҲûʲô
װߵƸܰɣôŮĴһôð˵Ů治Ҫ˭ãҪƸܡ
ǡᡣ

½½˴ӻҳһͷ˾Ͷų

££ϵ·ȥû룬߸Ьյ㱻׷ĽŲǡ
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첲סˡ

˴ֱͨȥ·Ǵӻ߳ˡ

ǹ⳽ƼĹɶĴ󲿷ǹ⳽ˣ֦Ϊ˾ܣˣܶ

֪Ҫȥӿ˳ӭӣͽϹϵ

ǰǰˣ֦ͼʵ̫ۡ

žƱǳǿȥΪǽŮ˲Ƹܡ

ڵΪλǲֶΡ
û˵ǽСˣСϲϲòˡ
ƸܣҪҪ

ϣֻλŮ˵ıͣмſƸôܾôⲻ֪ܵŮ²̨

ɽһĻ˴۾ǰ۾Բ°Ͳҵϡ

ƽ΢ЦʩƸܣһ겻ѩɽ䵭ǲҿ
ͽŮһĬŰڽŮǰ



124 ɲٰһ
ͻȻס,뷢Ƣס첲,ת֦
С㣬𣿡
֦ͷ,,̧ͷż
ߡ

Ǹ,С㣬Ȼҽ,ҽԼˣˡ
Цÿò·ղŵʧغᶼûз
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۽̧ײ֦һ¡
ϾҲֻһ֪

ôЦ˵ô̵Ļ,֦Ŀͱʲô
֦,ʺüΣҧʾʲغҪȻֹ۽,˶Ƶǡô
֪

Ȼ֪,ذɡ
ѻ˵Ļ,΢Ц
ֲЦ,ֻҪЦʲô,˵ʲôǺġ

֦ǱĿҶڶѩҹû˺¸ǰְﻰ˵
֪ҵĴڣΪĸҲ֪νݣ㿴յϣʩҵģá

ÿһſƵĲ֦һǰȴǼԡ

һãüһᣬװȥˣʲôװģԵ֦ôƵģԽǶݣԽ
ˡ

ٴȥĴˡ
֦·ˣӰԼû·
ſ֣ߣӭģûоͷʹ࣬ŲסˣҲûȥûм
۾ۿˡ֮
á

ˣͷؿһۣתߡ
֦סй¶˫ֽ߬ס֣á

ûˣûˣ
̼òֱڿ
úø˵仰Ϊˣ֦ˣͲֵΪôľ仰ˣűˣ𣬻ܸǰԵ𣿡

ǱʲôУβҲѹֲסƲסص֦죬ǻ
͵ڵűãҲǿˣҸ˵ʵʵҸղŸ˵ô࣬Ҫġ

֡ͷǿܴЩĻ
μƣƣûϵ
֣ҲҪ֦֡Цʹڷǣȥǡ

ڵ֦̫ó΢ЦΪüܵİЦȻůͬʹͷŵ䵭ȻûɢѾŬ

񾭲

֦ںͼпˣĽɿĿ鲻һ̮
ҪȥҽҪ𣿡

ػشǣôˣ

أ֦۲ӿ磬ԽԽա
ὭΣὯƼƼɲԱȥģĺ۰СҾҵģȥˣˣûˣܲܰңҵļòã

ǺܰܰĸԸѴޱչֳ

ķӦʵôǶ֦ģȴ֦ʵʧʳϡ
ԳָĿڣ֦ɺ˫ۡ
أĵʱܹ֦ôȥˣ㻹ô˽ѹˣҾ͵ùο㣬ѹˣˣˣҺò߳ˣΪʲôǲܷŹң

Сܺط꣬ҺܿģҲһٸԼҪ㣬ͣҿƣұԼ㱣־룬̫࣬С֪С򣬽ĺûãԸǰᣬҲȥûĵطֻƬ㡣

ͷŤһߣȥϵᣬڴһһ£ŻķӦٴγ֣סͣ˺ܾúܾá
ÿζÿζǣÿҺˣڰˣͻͻȻ֣ҵ÷츲أǲݵģ֦ôҹú𣿡

֦ҡͷһֱҡͷǣġ
Ȼǣ

ҹġ
֦޷ˮʪۣˣᶼˡ
СֻǡֻǺ»ǰƯҺңҹˣԺҶģʲôģɲԸһᣬߡ

ôѡ
ǰװƭģϵˣԼˡ
ҲûߣݣΨһ̵ܹģڱģܡ

ҲĽҡٺСˡ

һЦ㻹Ժѩ

仰Ƶط굽ڣȻѹԼ֦ʧķִ磬ʼյ
ÿξܱˣԵ䵭ıζ
ڱһѪŮˣһı飬һ˶ŹʽĻе

֦ĿǻѾԿء
㲻ǼС㣬ҲѩҵãҴСã׽ãȻ޷˰㣬Ǳǹ̫̫ܵ£㲻ҪټװʶˣϤˣã벻㣬㣬ҸİˣҺ׼ʵģҲû취ˡ˷㣬ܲˣĺܰ͵˽ˣɲԡٰһΡ

ˣܼ١

ں촽֦Цˣ汯˵Цᣬִ飬Ůζ˼κ˶᲻ظ顣

֦֪ҶڿҲ֪סҪߵļ첲һ̣Щӣڼǰ󣬶һ
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֦û취ˣһ취ûˣĬŰڼǰ

һ㶣֮

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ڱ𣿡
ǾӦÿ𣿡

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ղŲǺ˵˵ư𣿡

˳й֦һء
ӰֻԼƼߡ

˵

֦߬סȹǣͷ촽䶯Ǳ㣬Ҳңֻеżˣû취ˣ֪ʲôʽĺܵ㡣
̽Űֻʣץסڣֺõػζ¡
ãŪˣҺúڰܱܲ÷ֿķʽͷˡ

ͷòΪڸɣ

ǣû룬ֻһ
֦βϸС·µҲǷɢļ֤
СģϿҵģ΢ģüĿ
ãؼҰɡ

ǡ
Цʵ̫Цˡ

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֦ƫִظ¹İ취ˣû취ˡ
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ѩԽԽѩһƬһƬ䣬һСľͰͷ۵ļ֦ںڵķѩƬͬɫͷ
ĨЦǡ

װмʷˣҪסҪȥ裬ǿƸܣΪʲôҪ΢عͼŮǰ
е붪ȥ
װˣ컹Ӳġ
ҲŲأһƹ˾ͶˣҪΪŮˣϡ
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ٲ㶼Ҫˡ
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˹ǰ֦øߡ

ζؿ֦ڼͷˡ

Ҳ㡣

֦ĿǣǳһŹֵĻȣҰʼҡΣգۣȻʧȥεڵϡ



125 ҲǰŮ
ҽԺ

״ӵҽ߳,Ⱥ˵ˡ

ȳεĽվӭǰȥѯʵ𣿡

վڼļͷ,ǰŲûпȥôĮ,ҽ˵ʲôˡ

ҽ,Ŀǰȶ,ҪǼǩһݷͬ顣

ʱȶǩͬ顭

ҽԺֻ,Ѳ룬Σ,£׷׽
˭ţ֪ǲԼͬĿ

ŤһߣĮû,ǲ,߬ۡ

ûģǼװĮﶼ

ҪǼһ㶼,֦ε,ķӦ
ͷ,һӦм,˭ŵȦͨ죬󺰴120,˭µ·߲ȣŸϾȻ

ҽٷһҳεΪӪһʱ伴ɣⲻ󡣡
Ҫǩʲôͬ鰡ʡ
ҽشصڳڲϰߵµθĿǰ۲θѪĿԼ󣬵þ顣

ҽزذʡ
ҽ̧ͷƽθɣм𣬹ǩ֡

ٴΰĿͶһļͷһͷױ΢΢ѵҲ֦ҽԺ;УΪ̫һֻ
̫ãôαװܿġ
֦Ѫķպ󣬼תֱµΪԡ

첻֨ҽʣǶǲ˼𣿡
˽ıŤŴҽӹͬ飬ҽǩɡ
ҽûʣֱϵ𣿡
ǡ
ǲСҽݷ˵ֱϵ

νӻҽϵѣǩҲ𣿡
Сҽٴظֱϵ

ʱޱ߹ЩŹ֣ǽŵģȶˡ
ҽ֣Ұɣǩ
˭

վλãŵĲ԰һ֪֦һڿ֪ոѹ֦һܡ
ӲĮֵóףοĿⶼû֦

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ĻشҽŪ㶣⻹һνӴŮͬգ۾Լְ֮ɫõְҵѰס¹˵УǰŮѲǩ

û˵ҽùͬ顣
λŮʿģΥҽԺ涨ġ
ǰŮѣҲǰŮѡ

⻰˵ģҽϸҪˡǰŮˣǻô
һ׵ͷҽͣͱעӼǩ·ͬ˫ۿ϶һһ顣

ɵͷعæǩ֣ÿգϸϸȷû⣬Ŀⶨڡ뻼ߵϵһ

ʼ棬īοһԲϳݲԾѴҧƣѪζӿǻһͷ֦εæҼ䣬ϥǿĹ˫ƿĳʱӲĳѪζһġ

ĺ÷ĺҡ

£д¡á֣ʲݵҪҽۿűʻȫϲʲôֵĳ̶ȡ

ǽðԭǽá

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Σ֦ĳɼǩһּû֦ô㣬ǩøû֦ôᣬ˺ݣ͸ֽţǩһ֡

Ȼ뵽һ죬޵֦֦ĲΣ֪ͨ黹ǵǩΪ֦Ľ㡣

ҽҲҶʲôùͬ飬תص

ûһ֦ӲƳͷƹ룬ĵƹ⣬԰׵Ͽ¶϶Ӱ۾ţûȥҼ·ѩĴ

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Ǳ߻һ̯ӵʰҵȻȥˣΣƸܼˣһʱҡ
С
θߣαҪǸǰ϶̹վԭأĿʱʱھҵķ䡣

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תĿ⣬ν㣬ôˣⰾˣؼҰɡ

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ҽ䣬ɤ۵ǿԺ

θеûѪء
ҽͣһ£˵*ȥѪķշǳߡ
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֦ۣȫѹ۵ףŲ壬һһǰߣñԼԶһ㡣



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֦֪ȴûͷ,һ΢Ц

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Ľ㴩һУ,ϵŵĺһ꼶꼶ǽ,ڼ,ֻһСŮѡ
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ͷΧһһ̵ǰĿɢԶƮˣֻʣݵ۵ڴ
˵ԭ򣬾ͺķӣվǰϵΧֱܴܲͷ

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򿪺ųţûػͷϳ

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һ죬˵뻭һֻСô㡣
ЦСҲвửĶѽ
˵ţӹıʣʾ͹ճһֺģһС
ϲòˣǡŴ󻭼ҡ
ǰҵʱֻСˣһֱϲһС棬ģˣϲСˣҲͰֻСˡ

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߶űֽ棬һλãһɰСһ˲㱣һеһУûб

ζƮݵɫӲӣ߹ȥ̡֦

飬飡Ҫǲǣ

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ָһöָϵģһöָͬ
üͷɿֿʼʧ

ûͺܿա

Ծͻ̽ˣ㲻ٳˡ
š

֦Χʵû춼ûΧ

ˣߵ֦ǰϥһֿ˫ȣȥΧֱ°ͣĴУۡ
ܵߣ̧֦ͷͼһۣûЦ۰ۣͷһͣҪȥˡ

ֽס°͡

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̵֦ÿһľҪžһΡ

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֣

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Ҫ

ڼѣˮͺʪģŪüܣֺʧȥȫеʱ򣬼ʵ̫ܾ

ң㱧ҡ

֡

֦Ű󣬵ɤڼľܾ󣬽ֱɳƵԽԽ
ֻ뱻һ뱻§ڻúñһ

޹֦֮ĲӣϣӲ˵ٵôߣϾߡ

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һǸĻ֦ñ֮ǰСң˫ֿʼնһɼĿˣٱɵϡ

ȥһٻŽ͸жױҺƬ
֦֪ʲô㷭ɪǽǡ

תжױͷ
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ʵڲ࣬סļ硣
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żһ
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ҪƢȫڿ֦ˤʱǿѹȥ
ĬŶ֦شϣޱظǱӡ

֦ɫܸӣܿն

ٶӿ֦תֱ۽ǣίһһ

ȥû֦
Բ𣬲ܳȥˡ



127 йһ
ԭղ֦ˤڵ,ΪΪ˳
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,Щ죬ֺܶΡ
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ӹ,һӵŹ,ȥˡ
û죬̶ûгȥ飬ֻ֦,ûߡ

ڴϵ֦˻󣬸ûаȫеذǽǡ

һˡ

򿪱,һ߲˶û,ˮҲûУʲô࣬洦ɼ,Ǳ̾ơ
Է,ÿͺ

ûпۼ,ûһ˿,վ̨ǰһҹû,о⣬Ƶ÷Ҫըˡ
ȥҵһס
ɡ

Ժ󣬼ѧ˵࣬򵥵ļҳˣ

Ϻ󣬼ɵɳ˫֣Ŵ׹ѩƮۣڳ֦ζķ䣬ǳǳ˯һ

ǱӰ̵ġડѵģֻûߵ㣬ֻ˯Сʱ

˳Դߣͣڷſڣ䵽ڻױ̨ǰ֦ϡ
ȻŸ첲ſüͷɴ֡

֦žӻױɫ˿˯ǿʽ򵥵ĳ㳤䣬˿Ϸذ壬һŲĿۺãڹǣˢûӰ̵ǣͣ˯ڻ磬¶ҹˤࡣ

վҰ֮ڣˣָ΢ɲضһ£ˢɨƤƽ

֪ģվױ

֦࣬ǰһſں죬ԥ̧ۿԼ׵˵ò԰촽ʱԥѡһ֧ɫ
ɫ
һ֧ںšܷѾɼж

ûסߵߣɫǱǰƽ

ô磬Ϊ˻ױ
š
Ҫţ
֦˫סں죬رܼʵۣͷںͷһƣ۽ޡ
ţϰࡣС
ϰ֪֪ࣿˣ˵Ҫϰࣿ

֦ͷֵȥһ㣬ûشſںְʹ

Ҹ˵𣿡

ָ֦촽䶯£ػģκģӺģֻж϶Ĳ
һ仰ûС

ĳĬƼˣ壬֮ЩԹԹʱŵһߣĺչãˣҪԼ壬Ÿ
ǸܺߣΪʲôһܺߵ̬Ǽ

Ų費ҪҰ㰡

ҡ
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ͬҹô˵棬¹Ǳ΢ߣ߲Ƕñ𣬿ǣ˿ģ˭ô򣬹˳ݵƷʣʧӣְ߽ҹԶԶš޷Ƹܡ

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ָ⣬֦˵

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ƤһѹȥƢʱˡ
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֦׵۾ˣеˣ죬Ƶ֡
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ڣ֦ܹ˵˶ٱ֡

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֦ƽ̧Цᣬѱ˴Ⱦÿһ񣬶ָ¶һ˺ۡ
ģչ˺ԼģҲˣؼҺúϢɡ

ǡڸϼߣ

ȷţⲻʲôܹݵϷ룬֦ڸߡ
ʵ֦ӲƳûпٵ߳ھңϳ⳵ԼԤС
Ǹ΢ӵǻȥˣ첻ԺҲˡ
֮࣬Ū֦϶ˣȴûг

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֦Ŀᣬն˫Ϊ۵ؿ

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֦ӦһΪʲôҪ̵˵Ϊʲô۾

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ҲǺ㲻Ǻܰ𣬲ǰζŲ𣬿

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ԣ֦ƭӣ
ԣ󰮲ĵģһжģ

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Ϊʲôֲ˵˵ư𣬰˵˵

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޵û˵壬йƵذѿںͿõǣǣ°ͣӣԽͿԽһںĸֱӶ֦ϡ

֦΢΢ͷйһԡ

ͻȻúһȭ޻ϣٺޣԹ֦һûˡ

֦ҪҪޣҪҪ飬֪ۣ֪ۡ

֦ƺҽԺ棬վڼǰģһûǡ



128 ׸ģ˭
ʹȻ,ãŮܼ,֦ıۼÿһ,޵Խ,ľԽѼ,ˮιһ޵ĺӡ
,ݵøɱ½ŶûС
ֻܸżڶ۵ԥ,챻塣

ǻģ֦ȥǸˣҲûʲôر𱦱Ķܹ׸ǰϲأ¶û,ҲûȤһ
,϶ÿֵʱǿռġ
һζûء
ǲ˱ŮˣϲŮ˵,ŻʧȥȤ

֦,Ҳ,Ҫ,ܿޡ
ϥһǰİ벽
̧ΡΡ,סظȥϵᡣ
ô찡ˣãҲǵҶ˵ٱˣģˣʼգֻ㣬ŻҶĸ飬ʵʵĺô߰㶼Ҫˡ
֦۾䣬ȫˡ
Ų̵ˮѵ촽ίһ˲ɤ˻Ƶʧ
㲻Ҫҵģ㲻ҪҰ

ʹҪǶ
һһ
һĺˣˣһ־ݼãװ
һױ϶ΪһһûлȥᣬżŰߣݵᶼˡ

ǰ֦ƭ

ַѵȥѼĥˣʹЦ˦֦֡
ղôʱ䲻˵ôƭң𣿡

ôһƣǽվס֦׵ϣһֻסϥһŶǣ͸֧ʣ޼ҲҪڸ˵ʱеζ
㿴ã˵ʲôô˵㶼ȫˣ۵ģ֪ͺֹۣڣҳֵʱ䣬㶼ۣΪʲôҪһֱ˵ԲΪĶԲ㣬ǰҶԼ˵Ź㣬ܻһҸõˣط֮ȴûаѳסԼûסʾѹţҵĴӦøǸ˵һԲӦõġ

֦Ŀ޴ܿƣڼȴô˺ѷΡ

һߺһ̲סΪ޵
뱧ҪڵϣͺݣĹͷܿġ
С̫ǰǺܵģѧУ᲻ᱻ۸żͻԲĻ棬ȻΪûзᡣ
㣬ܰܰ㡣
ĺǣĺݺΪ֦Լһư
ܲҪۣɾ

̫㣬Сκ£н㵲ǰΪѹأһأֻԼŵĽ㣬ǼҪȥġ¡

ץ˰ͷ˫綼ڲ޳
ƺûбȻǽĺӡ
Ŀίúޡ
ߣΪʲôûкú۰ΪʲôҪ޲ףȥ

˵õ滰ǼٻΪʲôһ䶼
޵һһŴŵص
֪ҲģҺܱ治ģ㻹ƭңͻƭң֦ڿңǲǾֱƭˡ

޵ͷģ֦һǱ

ֻ֦ԽԽ
ͺˣʪ͵ԼԱˣͲˡ
Ը

ûƭ㣬ޣޡ
ֳ֦סǽվһֹĲϣһȥϵᡣ
˺ˣԣԣίίˡ

֦Խô˵޵Խί޵һһģ˵
ңҶ˵˵ˣ𣬱̫ôߣҲԭģᡣ

˵֣

֦˱۾ëһ£ͱƵһżնĿＷΥ顣
࿴һۣ׬ˡ

Щ֦ûжԼ
úַܶʽã˽ذռǰطŹҲǰ
κߣһôĥҪҸ֣ÿܶЦһЦҪǿ޳ġ

֦ڽţʪ۽ǣ̵ᣬñ𣬰˵ĻԺ

ãʶεģƷܺãҲܺãȻҵҲһܺõˣϲ㣬ررϲ㣬ܿǣǡ
֦ʺüΣǿа˳ƽ
ǣܰģԺ͵ûУûˣһԶԶģȥ㣬ðɡ

İ˹ˣжۡ

ʲôƾʲôҵ

֦ⷬ׼ŭס֦죬ʱĺǽҡ
װˣǰɣòΪΰɣöж£жϡﻩȻҾûģ֦ĺֶΣˣǺÿ°

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ҡ
죡

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ţ͸κˣҪ㣬ǻȹһǳҹˣ˯ˣֹһΣܶΣȸöࡣ

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˵öԣһõˣαãĶãƷããĸǱãҸϴȸ㣬ˬˡ
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˵ˣ
ǻ֣֦شϣҪס䣬ס˫󣬾ٹͷ߲ȥЩൽ̶Ļ
Ҫ

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Ϊˬ𣬲ǲ²̨ˡ
ߣһһ̼
ÿҶװúۣòΪҺΪ԰ɣ

֦ͷô㲻ЩѿøӲţȴǴһ˿Ŀڡ
ϲϲҵġ

Ц÷ס֦°ͣһɨ˵ۡ
׸ģ˭

̧֦ͷᳶĻԳͷһͣԱ֣˫΢΢ۣʼء

ʲô˼ء
ͣԹõģİɣҿ㣬ѸǰҲ࿴һۣòװʲôֲûɧ

֦ԴôУС

˵ˣûˣ߸ϵģǳ֡
Ŷ˵ˣҪǿڹȥϣһӶһÿο㣬̬Ҹоޱȶġ

˵仰֮󣬲֪ģ۽ǵ͵ˡ

֦·ľˣգۣʧȥܡ

ôȥˣô
ˣ̰
֦ҲҲˡ
⸱ƽӣܾԶԶӣߵĴϢϢǺ
û

֦ƣؿһۣ۾ڵ

ֳ˼һ˵ĶϷ

û˼ĺû˼

֡

͸֧֦ڵϣͨһͷҪˤˡ
ĺۣܣЩĻԱ̧ͷ
ҪվסذСֱҲûȥ
ǣѵ˵

һ˴ᣬ߰ɡ



129 ֦֦
ڶٴ,֦üߡ

ͷϣתͷȥ,û֦Ը
֦˭ƾʲôĻ,ʱ,Ե֦зƵģ֧ȥ
Ҫ,ҲߣҲ֦ߡ

ҡڵزЬȥ,û֦߽ñ䣬ѡһ׾Ӽҵ·
ȹ,ʵ̫ˡ

ñͨ¹ӳЦ
ǸͰ

񶼲֦ĵʲôǰ죬Щܸ߶˵Ĵʣžˡ
ǮͶˡ

֦ĳ,סķ,ģõģǮ˱,ƾ׬ġ
ûκαͺ̨,ڴ󲿷ͬ˻Ϊһϵʵľѹôʱ,ڽʮͷ,ֵڵҵ߲쵼

֦ͦ˲ġ

ʵ,ģбó֦ΪమĽãΪ֦ǺܴرĿˡ
󣬺ˣζˡ
޽֯ԽǱ֦Խʹﱻ˺ƬʹеĳֶյǿңϢ꣬ʧأΪԼ
Ȼֻ֦ʣˡ

֦¹Ǻڰ׻ɫְҵװǿܿȹӣһ㶼ԸУɫģͼװ޲࣬ʮ塣

˰죬Ҳûҵ˯ģ˶Σ˼Ϳӣһ
ˣ֦ԡϴġ

һ¨֦ûüϴ

ˮ¨ƿɫһëһ棬ɿش䣬ʪģ֦ԡʱʪˡ

֦Ǽûг

ӽǣԿڵϵ֦¶½ǣۼŪʲôֻһ˾ڽ䡣

׵ľ룬úܽܽȫûп
ˣȴ鲻ԽǼһֱڹ֣˫ţͣƤζϴҺ֬۵ζУһɲصøصϢӲϵķ϶͸

ֻ֦·ڻŵϢ

̫Ϥˡ

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޳ӦԶ
룬ֲ롣
޵żζ̲ס£ȴʹൽŤȥֺܵذࡣ
һһŻһһϸ˺ţţֱؽһ𣬴˷ʱʱͣͨͨûڻµˮС

ʮӺ󣬼ԡ߳ײϴ֦߳

֦Ƥ۵ƣļһۡ

֦΢΢ЦͦӲģԼҲ֪ͷҡ
˯Ǽӡ

һ˴ôã侲󣬶Լ̬ȣ
Ҫ֣Ҫüȥ˺á

ô룬¡
˶ʮСʱȻǻߵġ

ҪҲŲ
롣

ã߽ʢһðͦġ

룬֦䡣

֦ڴߵϣطȥӣſϣڱ䡣

ɶ
ĸоֳˡ

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֦û𻰡
վߣ˴̿ڵ࣬ûзӦ֦ӲԾһ㡣
ٳһ㡣
Ȼõҩ
֦Сػػˡ

üһš뵽ҽЩûƢʱ̻ȥŵһߣס֦ĸ첲һ¡
һҲС

֦ҡͷ

˫ֻأԭڽţɳڵ̬ʵ뿴֦תһߵϧվߺüףҲû塣

ôʱ䲻ԷԼ

ֻҪ֦пܻʶ֣ͻǵģ֦ߡ
֦ھʳҪ״̬ǲҪֶΣǲǹġ
Ŀ

Էġ

Ƿϵֱ֦µûţ۾ĪغˣȻһ
ǲԼղŰ̫ѻ˵̫ݣ̼֦ˡ
ҪȻ֦ô񱻳ȥ꣬ſͱһƬ΢һƣ͵ֱͦͦȥ

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ղѾмˡ

ôͱˣ

֦ı̼ˡ

ι
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߾ֻŵû֦κǳǳûУǸˡ


𲻳ԷԷġ

̶̼仰һʼӲβ£Ѿںˡ

֦ʾõ첲һֻġ
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۹ϣױˣϡ϶ǼйĨĿں죬˯ϵǡ

֪ˣǸʲôģܣ

룬Ҩһ࣬ϸĵش˴͵֦ߡ
졣
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ÿӦ죬§

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۳ˣͷĿɨüɥ۵֦
ţʲôʲôޣԸȥľȥİɡ

§֦վԼһ죬ϣţ֦Լǰ棬ͷȦڻ
ļס°ͱµٴΰ͵ߡ

еظ֦ܵ¶ȣͱȻʱˡ
죬

֦ҡͷ

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ѽóԵģܺóԵġ

°͵֦ͷ׽ľܸ֦ܵжݣļȫ֦ʵʵ

̫ˣ̫ˡ

óһ죬þѡ
˲źã˾ͲԻˣ޵ֱϻҪ˵źĻ

֦֦ԣ֦֦졭

䵽֦࣬ӵֿ촽Ļﻹڼ
֦촽ſС죬һǣʮѡ
ӣһһ°˳Σһ͵ߣ֦㿪ˡ

ԣٳһڣˣͲˡ
ںһӡ
֦֦ԹԳԷͿԵõһǡ

ֻҪһֱ֦ͷǼͷһֱ˵ֺĻͣ
ȻθĸоԽԽܣܶģӦľƣ

֦ίƲȥ

е㶣еٶۣ̼ʧ񣬺ܾúܾöԵ¶κǳԱģԱܡ

֦Сľһĸ׵İûҪС谮׸ĽС۰
СҸˡ
ǲֻ֪㣬裬һİ

ǣûжκ˽Ҳ˭һС

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ʱ壬ûȥȴҧ֦ϣͷǱӡ

ȥٻ˺üƬжױޣһʪë

ҹ֦üжױ

Ϊ϶Ҫ֦һ󣬵û뵽Ƭһһ²֦˵֦û۾ƽÿһϸƶ䵽۾

˵һ䣬ǻ᳤Ƶġ

֦ŲüģʵҲûʲô˵ʵã۽ܿϸƵ֦ͦԸеġ

֦϶ǿں죬ҲС
⿪֦˯һŦۣ̽ȥ˲һСģƺʲôġ

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130 ֦
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ȥ棬˺ܾõ,̣ӻˡ

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û˯ɳ߽֦ķ,ڴߵϣſϡ
۾,ôն
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Ÿ첲ǱİĻŪһ㶣Ӧһ,֦ļҡ

תһ,֦ԭȵ˯,ԭλ,֫Ӳչ
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ΪǿҵӾüڴϣ޷Ƶ֣֦̽Ƕˡ

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⻰ƲϵھᷳĿǡ
ҽ˵ˣʮСʱҪ˿Ҵȫǳ˵ðɣ˵ģҷҪŲһ
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绰Ǳߴٵⲽν˵֦ˡ



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ҲĻҽ,˹͹ǰ͹ȥʱ,ڼ,͹ѷ,ûл
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СҲˣȫûпӰ,˷·ƾʧġ
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һŮ˹סĸ첲ʹɫܡ

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ӵܾã֦ʱ̹ϵ棬Чˡ
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֦ȴƵվԭأʱʱӣ̽ǽС΢ġ

ǽŬ죬л𣿡
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Ժ㻹һȥ𣿡



133 ַ˯
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һڴ߹,֮ܿȫװȥ,ǽϸÿһӶŹ
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ڵ֮þãЩϰߣͨͨøĵ
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㣬Ů˭ôôûòǼﴳԲѵ˵ңĺᰡˣң߰ɣ㿴񣬸òҰɣҺú°

˵ĸƵġ

֦û뵽ôװ¶Щ˼顣

ĺºͷʾο
ԷȻЧˣվſڵ֦ʱͱˡ

֦ε̾
ô죬ѵҪǰȥһѵĺ
¡

ǷǶԴҸᣬ˵ɡ

֦һ˰Ųţûйֻ֣Ÿ˵֦Ĵڣ뵽ҹµ֦͸һߡ

㣬ɲԻҸ㴵ͷѽ
ԡ

ºĵҪڼϣͣظ˵һЩı׻
㣬á
㣬Һϲѽ
㣬ҺҸҲе㺦£Ҫ㲻ҪˣҸȥأ

ģ㲻᲻ҪġعıǼ⡣

ºʼֵҪ󣬡㣬ǰҶǸһסСġڼôķӣ˯ߣجΣһ˯֪㷽أ
¼ܾڼ֮ǰ˵ˣԼһҲǿԵġ

ûмŻشתۿ֦

֦һ£ϸ΢Ķ

һһ䣬ȫ֦ۣǿȵĹľصһõӵûУһĵʺҲûС
ûбԹûʣƽ޴£ϣָŲײ΢ȥʮŦۣһ˿ϢִŶ

̡̣

ֻڼԺº˵仰ʱ
̶֦۵ףʲôȥٴλһ£ǿҵ͸дӱǻհĴʹֱۿ

ðСѣҸһ˯



137 úһ
ȥһ,ྴ˵Ĺϵһһתõļ
ûЩ߰˽뵽ǵĸ,ż΢ϸ졣
û취жϵ罻ɣ֦

˳,˵һȥ,ȴ˸ӡ
֦ûйֹֻԹԼ,ãɸϼ¡

ֿҲ,мûжϹϵ΢һֱ졣
䵭Ҳֻǲ鲻,һԹԼûڼҪʱߡ

أ
֦֣㲻ʣ,⡣

Եˮ,ڼһԸеĻߣʪĺܣºÿÿ붼ڹע,ְ̧ȥ
ֻ,ϲȥ

,֦,ǲͷسһ¡
Ը˯ľ˯ġ

ѵǡ
ѵİ

ɤ,ͷش˵СأǴ̻𣿡

̻
̻
˵ʲôϵ̻

ÿһѯʳڣָ֦ĵؼ֡
ƹ⹴ճݵĲӰ־ѹȥļʡ

ºŵ㣬£ǸϽɣҸ㴵ͷ
ԣһ¡
ûƿº˳§סĵ˳ͷἫˡ
֦һ̬ȡ

ѵ̲𣿡
ÿÿ뵽֦飬ӣڱˣЩʹ͵ҹμţЦ
˭˵ģԺǻӵģѵǹ𣿡

֮ǰˣû
ǵģ˭֦̫̫أ޷ϵ˰̣ܻ𣬾
һ£֦Ϧദÿ̲סеҸʱܹ*Щ˺ͻҪСģҪĵŮˣʵܻƭˣᶼ壬㲻Ҫٱƭˡ

Ҹջ󣬹˺Ĵʵ̫
˵ˣҸ
ƭ̫̫ΣˣѾҸĻήٵͷϡ

˺һ٣һ֮ǰӲңĺͼ⣬Ӳ壬԰壬ȥ
ҪҪþȫȥ
Ҳ̫֦ˡ
Ҫ֦Ҫ֦Ҫ֦Ҳһʱ·

֦⣬ȷʵ˵Ĵϡ
˵ģСʱҲʮ꣬ҲҪḶ́ȫû뷨ˡ

йй
Į
ˣջҲˣϢȥɣ˵Ҷ˵ˣǰ˵Щ̻ȻҪʵڽܲĻҿԴȥסǰӰ顣

ֱ֦ӱסˡ

ºסͲ֪¹ϵ͵ԼŮѱһκδ£áС¡ѵС
Ϻºߣ൱ڰѼһߡ

ֻ֦ҪǵĶ磬д

һʹ֦ͷ˼ܾá
ĺͨǵĸ飬һǱһҪǵĸúþӪȥġ
ǰǿƵס󣬡Сǵ̸̸

ŮˣҽԶ㣡

û˵ʲôº֦ƿĻᡣ

֦ļײӲĴʯ̨ǣס˻ŵؿ޶Եļ

֦ܳҲܳºƣҡҡͷĿİķ䡣
ǲںġ
ϣֱͦļ米иŰ廬ȥ

Ҹ߿յڽ䡢Ůˡ

һţºһס֦ߡ

촽䶯£΢΢ͣɺºط䡣
յķʱʱºЦ
Խ֣ǱԽ

һ䷿Ůˣ۾벻ͨ

Сҵʲôˡ飬ˣܸܲңҿԸģʲôԸġ

ˣ̫ˡ

۾ˮȣкȱˮϰߣ糿һˮǴӱóġ
ߵǰһűۡ

ֻһڣȡ

ּ֦ôÿṵ̂ѱһӽ¨¶ۣ˳ִ˯¶

һŵĽŲ
ͬʱһŵġա
ζعһ˲վԭû󱳣˫ִ§ס
㣬簲

簲Сѡ
΢΢ͷָŮջôô磿
ˡ
ɵӡ

ʹĲӣһڲǽм䣬Ǽʹ۾֦Ҳģġ

֦ɾɵģ·įеٶۡ
Ѿˣȴڱʹҹ

ºżû֡
֦˵ʵ̫ˡ

ΪʲôǼ˳ŮѣżȴǱˡ

С硣֦ǿһЦ
š
Ϳس֦ͷ

ôӦº簲֦ȫˣҲˡ
ûԴͦ˵ģټԸġ
ԱһȻԭǲֻö

֦ɤʣ㡭ʲôҸ
ΪֺüһԳƵеˣһֺá

Ҳûп䵭ǲȡ
ˣǳȥԣԺ㲻׼ǵķ

ºֹסĿģӼ̽Դֺسָ֦

ͷѾɢˣ֦ûвס۾ͷȦĺܳü
ǸСôҹƤǽµġ

ҵϵ֦жţ֦жԱ
һΪԱͷΪûаȫжΪίΪơ
һͶ𣿡



֦ǰһϣ㲻Ըÿ춼ҵĻһҲԡ
СؿżɫʵڲУ죬ҲС
һֱͷ֦һֱŵԼҪ
Ҳ죬òã

üͷԼַ֦֪ˣ£º£ǻԵСһ죬æҲҪһɡ
һҹδۣ۾棬ԭվ˺ܾúܾá

˵죬ǫ̈̄˵Ҹá

һ£ִ㲻Ҫˣ𣿡

̧֦ۣǰﻹˣֻεӰֻ͵̨汻˺ı

ۡ
İۡ

-

ϰˡ
иᣬҪңûأżֻû
ˡ
ʱ뿴㣬ǿƵ𣿡


һ㣬ưɻûӪҵûпˡ
±ֻòУ߹ֻӸڿ

£˵㰡ʮˣĥҶҪˡ
ʲô
ֻô¡
뿴Ϣ
㻹ء

˸ۣҾͻأͻأô𣿡
һ䱩ģʱʱһ£ʹطϢһ湻İ
ֿʼƽˣ
²۵֪֪һҪҶٴΡ
ʲô
˵֦¡

ֵú⣬˵ʲôˣ
˵Ӱൽ賿ҲȾˣǷҲˣĳˡ
ǲͦá
øƨ
̾ΪʲôͣعֻҪһͣĲɵģһֱֻ˵һ첻֪Ҫٸӡ

˵üҲǹ

ץ˰ͷˣºأ
ҿ챻ţҪóϫȥμ졣
ͷ
ͷۣʹ£Ǹҩ

µĵֿʼˣ
ţûˣҽٰУǰһװʺصƿң˿
ͻȻҽڱǣĿ˵ԾҲС
֪㡭
šͷ˵Һͦ࣬ɿģС

´ȶˣʵڹļһζǣﰡĥԼͺͣɣúõӲȥϹʲôҩ㲻ΪΪԼۺúõ𣬰úõġ

ģҲƽģȴоͷˡ
òˣŹҪҵģ£Ҹ㣬ˣȻĥһӡ

ô𣿡

۾óֱߵǺУƬҩʡ
жమжޡ

ϵֻˡ

ȥģº
ߣؼҡ
嶯Ҫʲô

ͷ¶侲ķЦ
ô죬ʱؼҺúһˡ



138 
ҹʮһ,ʮ㣬ˡ

˯ɳļۣԱǻڷŶƵֻ,תͷһſڵ֦ʲôû˵,ʲôʬƵ

ڼļ,֦һΪԼƣ͹ۻˡ
ЬûŸ߸Ь߽,յͣڼԡ

С

Сʱǰڻ,Ϊһĵʧ֦ϲ߻Щžһļˤڻ,˶ʶ˲ӣʹڸУŭĿ
ʱվڼǰĻϢѹȸС
۶ǾϲֽŶ֪ķ,ĳ°Ҫקˡ

ʲôʱѽ,ôǰһأ֪ҪҾؼ,Է,

֦ܰû,ΪʲôҪڹ˾ô,ͿԺͼһˡ
û˻һֱϲһˡ
Цò,ŬѺõһչֳϣܶϲһ㡣
һûʲôȤˣ˵Իˣ̬ﻹ˸С

صֻ¸ڶͷ֣һۣôô
Ӱࡣ
üһĴߴͿʲô࣬ôôأһؼҾ͸Ӱ࣬ڼӰ𣿡
ģڼӰࡣ
֦¼ᣬٺܿؽ˵˾һСᣬһҪݣ߻߼ѣȫ˾һӰൽڡ

֦˵һѣƮƮ֡
š

֦Ӱóֻݸ
С飬ߣȥ΢ͬ£ǲڹ˾

ס֦󣬴չȥš
ûŵζ
ɫ΢תЩָ֦΢ţʲôıҪ𣿲

Ǳõģֻһ΢š

һ滰ֲһѻεһ£ͻĵѿһŤĴһз紵ݶͻٸá

֪뵽ʲôͻȻ˦֦֣ɻȥ

֦Ħ͸⣬ôûпòװλȻץסᣬ֮ڵ⣬úùͨ
οǸСɲڡ

֦ףһɫѩĳ£ڼǰ첲ɳԵ
ȻִźۼŲһλá
֦ϻζǰ˿ڼͷϣǼ˲䡣
Ҳûţڼ°͵ӵĵطظҪ

̲סͷ

úܽмֻвһָͷľ룬ıϢߡ

Ҫ

ְ֦סˮòġ

һһۣƺѿϸϸķ죬ûж㿪֦ᣬϢգۣƯϺ㰡
˵ʲô֪ȥˡ

ܻؼңĺܿģأҪֻϣҵı´λؼ֮ǰɲһ£Ǹе㱿Ľ㣬û취׼ȷµҵıؼҵĽ㣬һѵ΢š

˵ţ̧֦ͷͷһͷǡôҧڽպϵĴǡ

üһ飬ιŵۣ֪ˡ
ʵſһ䶼û

ǴͷñŤһߡ
̧̧ҧס촽

֦һ䣬סֻԥ֣ߣزֲ䣬ʪ۾ûƬ뿪֣Ǵͷʱ

ֻ߸Ьɶ׸Ϊſͣ׼ҧס׼ȥʳָ

ϼһƬΪֹ֦Ǻָ˱°΢΢̧ţʪ˫۸ֱض

㡭

ǺǺߣװͰ͵ض֦Ҫ֦ƵŤܳʵ˵źݻҲûʲôơ


š
ӡ
š
ҪҪվӣ⸱ӣж¼
š

ܼ˵ʲô֦˵ӦûкˣҲˣȡüÿһζ裬ܽӲ
һվӣȿģ¼һ棬һ档

ӦҸ߿յҪȥһ
воǲС

ƿָ֦촽һ˲䣬֦ɳɤһ
ˡ

˺ܶ࡭

Ǹ˱÷ָؽģ֪֦ĿĲڹֻŵָζʱĸģ鲻ԽҪͷɾ

ֱƿˡ
һΡ

֦촽Ѳͷһȫ£ȥԱߵɳ˼
ԣ⼸죬㶼ȥˣ
ưɡ
ʲôȥˣ
ơ

֦һ˿ŭ⣬ѹȥʹ߬Ű㣬㲻ǴӦҺô
ﲻסЦˣѹڳ첲ϣ΢΢תͷ֦
ǴӦˣʲôʱӦ㣬Ůˣ
֦е㼱ˣΪʲôΪʲôһҪֹ
ϲ£Ϊʲô赭д˵

֦ͷһЩ죬ûк˭
㣬뵽ȥˣƣֲ˯
䵥·Ƽٵ˵İɣ⼸죬û˯Ҳû˯ˡ

֦ĵֱ֦治˵滰ǼٻҪڽԼʱҹð
һѳԵˣʸȥһΪĻԲû˰

˾֦ɣҲҶʰ䡣

֦΢΢³ʹûϵȻϲǾ͡﹤ȥɡ

ãллҡ
Цһ¡

⡱ˡ

ӣʹļ羱˸ˣҸȥϰˡ
֦ŵվҪˡ
԰
֦һ£ǰһסҪɳļ
ͷ

֦˫ס࣬ӸλҲ΢һòãһ㡣
ղŲǶ𣿡
㡣֦϶Ĳ֪ôҪߣҾ͡

ʲô

ȥ룬֪϶˵ʲô绰øϸɲƵģ߿챻ˣҲŲ졣

ʵ̫ܰĿУ͵˵ͱ˵

żؿʱ䣬¸ʲôٲ˵ҿɾˣҪٵˡ

ƵͷˣݵĻ˵ˡ
֦ҿ۾ͷȥѹúܵͺ
㲻ҡ˯𣿡

˵̳꣬ѪҪըˡ

һߺ޼һ־ĺջ
ˡ
ô᲻ٳһء

𣿡֦һ顣

ֻͣϢп֦¶Ļš

ǵģ֦¼ߣһμ棬ңңڡ

ƵػظϢĿˣ֦ڵĻػ۶û̧ܵػشȥϴɡ

á
á

֦ϲõ˵תԡߣȻ뵽ʲôͷһ˫۱Ļ谵ƹӳĵرûаȫС
㡭ߣҺܿϴ꣬ȵң𣿡

·䣬Ž⿪ŦۣСָͷ



139 ۲
һϸϸķ϶,һխխ¹ⴳббڴβļµĲλ
ͷ,סǽɫڻĺҹģ,һָ,վڴβ֦
ѡ

֦һΣ˵һ嵽,ͷ˿ѿź˫ֽšѾܾ,ȴһŦ۶ⲻ

ɤѣ
ʱ䱣һˣȶˣŰȻһ,ֻǶһ֦ͻˡ
ѣѣߡ

Ϸʵæҽӵ֦Цʹ㴩,ܲе⣿

֦һ,շһ㱡죬ͷԼһûеġš

㳤ĺɫ˯,ص,׺ͼû,ʽñЩְҵװҪ

ûо𣿡֦ʡ

˸Ƿ,ζȻĿһ˺ĺ˿Ȼôʪ,أ㣿
֦һ˫˵ۣʲô
¡
㡭

Ťӵڴϣ˯ȹõϣ˵Ĺ⾰¹֣ͷһ촽
߳ŭˣ˵ˣǾǱ˵׼ˡ֪ģ⼸꣬кܶҪҵģҵĴϹ򣬿Ǳȸʱ򾫽ܶأǳģҪҪҽ㰡

֦ӲҰף챻ˡ
СһҪ𣿡

û㰡ֻʵʵ˵ˡ

֦ס̵ĳͷֲ滺ֻܲˡ
ʱ΢е˶̧žߣʹమ¡
Ǹðʲô̤ʲôòװλؼңֻһ
ϧҲ˵꣬һĻ绰˵
ҪȻôѾԼѹǰȥҲֻȻؿ

ֱͦͦţ˫߬ţעӣִٵذͷŤһߣ۾
Ӹ¿֦һǵĹ

ָ֦촽ƶļ㹻տӦӦһһãȻûУһûС
ƬʥĵطڼУСʱһϴʱòһʱݲïʢһƬΪբš

һˮӶǻ䡣
ԽŻԽǿܣʧصطѹ֦ϡ
ûԸ֦ӣ֦һưͣһȫûܣֻµȥɵľͷ
ۼôֻ̼һһ̾Ϣ

ǹİɡ

֦ŤҲ˵ֻǽ߬Ŵ

Լ˵ƣŭͷθﱻ͸յûۣûȥ֦Ϊʲô壬Ҳȥչ飬ⳡ˵ĻݻٸռϷ磬ѹֵİĵĺޣڻĺˮͷţûӵûǣֻнŰıӶᡣ

ˮˮ֯ʧصĳʩļǳһƮƮɵ̣Ŷĺˬˣ۾λģĲǱײ˺ѱռضʹ̣ȴһԣ޷Լ׷ſ֦ڱϣϱ˳֦

֦Ǻ壬ʻض̼żĸй٣ʧصʹൽȻȷٷְȷ

Һ㣬֦Һ㡭

ǱҰ㣬Һðð㰡ãϲŰңСҶϲҲſɤӣԱĸо̫İˣҵЩӲҲ֪ҽûбúҲ֪ڵϲʲôļɨˣжమ㣬ҵ;жſû취ͷԼҺüį

ֿ֦꣬ܺһ¾ǣûаԼظطӣżҲ᲻֪߳ܵʱ˿̵һĻ

ΪʲôaiҲįء

֦áⲻaiֻǴģеģŨҺĽݻٵĳͷ衣

ĿҪեˣ˫ȱڣ߬Ŵһ촽ҧѪ֦ۡǷšס֦ĸ첲ͷذҡΣÿ˰Ʋһ滵ֱڣƲס̵طСްİ

ͷȻֹͣ

ۿϣ첲ϣϣָ۵֦ʣ𣿡

ʹܱȵϱݺ˺ǿģ֦Ȼۣ˺Ѹľ֫ٺӣôصĴϢ;ʣ۵ĲǶԼίȫǶõۡ
ϡ¹֦߳δӣȫǱĥǱ۲ת䣬ţ¹⻹Ҫˡ
زɢͷزȥϵĺᣬ˵һĻȴͻȻ۵ᣬ۽һˮ䣬ڵɤô顣
أ۲ۣ

ͷһͣ·뵽ʲô£һʵĲɤ

𣬸߽㣬۲ۡ
֦һһ

ñʹʱ֦ûпޣ뵽ԼҲԴʱˮôֹסˡ

˵𡭡

˵

סĲӣʹſ죬ȻԼۼָǿӲУֱصס
ָ̼Һܿصش޷պϵŪʪͷ

ϴŤЦͱԶŪÿҪϢ֦

۲ۣ۲㲻֪𡭡

ˣ޵֪ôˡ

Լˣ䣬ݺĥ֦ݺݵ
֦Ҳ裡

cġǡ裬ǡ㡭ǽ㡭

Ųc㣬ģģc㡭

ɵϡ衭ǲcġc㡭㡭

ͦɧ𣬸ղ𣬰ưģаҽа

¹ⱻŵĽһοһŵĴϣҵķ˿šһ𣬿ѪҺȺˮɬڻ谵ĺҹ.һŴ޵ʹ飬գŵĳĬУס֦ؿż뿪Ӱ

ңһòã
һҾ

֦ˣ֦ǽвôв

ԡˮͷ£ʹϴѪҺ͸ָ˺ܶϴҺϴɾ
ͷһƫ¨Ƭùס

ڣȴӦ֦㡭

ؿֶ£˺üˮһ飬ղ񱻶ʱ侲üΣ̵Ŀ߶֦
÷÷
Ϊʲôô
ͺ룬룬ٻȥٺݺһΡ

绰죬ǻæ·뿪֦ķ䡣

ߵ⣬մѪȻڶһְֻס󣬸ϫȥ绰

Сأôôͨ绰
ϫ㣬ºܻˡ
ţ
½Ҵ棬һֱ˵Ҫȥ㣬Ҳûģһʱûסˡ
ͷˣ
绰ղھưɣ㲻ڣ˳⳵ȥˣƶҪˡ



140 Ҿһ
Сſڵȵº

ºһñ,ɱʱñӶҪƷˡ
һͷ˵Щί
,ĺ㰡

ŮĪǵüһ֦꣬ϢһֲϲϢȥ,·ǳͲʵĻһ,ŮСƢͻȻͷ,Żƿ
˭ģ

º׵òţ֮ǰʲôȡֵ,軵ˣһȾüһֱ
ôֻǳȥһ,ǸĽͲˡ

ºίһһģŲܼôƿżֿ֡
㣬Ҳڵ죬ǸŮǲֲ,ǲ˵ʲô,㣬Ǽǹϵã㲻ҪĹ,Ҫ˰,,û˻ôˡ

粻ϳ,֪ºҲǵù,ײǹڣûƢ
ȻúºʲôģҲûʲôģȻЩҲİõذѺá
һƸ*档
˼ңֻܺһ塣
һ§ļ磬ڻࡣ

ˣǽ㲻ԣöҷƢòʲôί𣬾Ȼ͵͵ܻ֪֪ǴҶܵġ

ԣղųҷƢΪģֻΪ̫𣿡
Ȼ
Ҫʲôܸᣬһ㡣

ҲǸúģֻһ򵥵ЦˣҰ͡
ҪҳԴͣ
أ
Ҫ㱧˯

Ĭˡ

֦Ϊ˯һʵûУֻڴβǳǳһ
꣬ôûԼ屨֦ųúܣܲ˱ˡ
Żθĸо֦ͬϴʱһ֦ˬ̼ͱˣʵսһ룬Ҫˡ
ҲΪʲôҪֵ֦ԭ

º͸ǿװɡ
ΪѣǾԲƽġ㣬Ҳԣ鷳ˣģԺҾԲˣһԹԵģѾˣҿɫǺܺãǿؼϢɡ

ؼңૡ

صǸ֦ļ

ɵ𡪡֦ڸʲôϴ𣬻ϴƣϵ£Ǵµ£һϴһԼ

аһһƲסͷ¥㣬Ҫ֦ķûơ

԰ؼҡ

áʧصͷ

ûͻȻͣ½Ųʹס͡

ºǵؿ㣬ǲﲻ

û¡
ǿѹͷʣӦؿʹı飬ӶҪԳ㡣

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վشЬʱһ

ʶֹһ䷴ʲôĻºԾȵؿһۣ벻ŮȥĽĽȻ˵໰
Ҫ֪ڴ໰ǻᵱ衣

һԶǳ٣žıƽƳߵĽŲü̧ͷȥ

С򡭡

֦۵ľϲڿڼϵĺºʱΪС

仯ɫĲֹ֦

ΪºˡĴڣһŭġ
ŵģñ˿֦º󡱵ӡ

֦·룬ǽȴûǼĨѪλεĺ۴ɿŦ۵ļ߲ӡǶǻķ羰
Щ˽ܵӡôԸУôôġŮˡӦڼһˣھȻõ˿ȥ

֦ؾصվҲǣǶ·Ϊʲôһ·ڱǰ.ķŭС

ʵºûǷ룬Ϊ֦ǹԲҪüء

º¼ĵæס֡
㣬˯ĴϣӴˤˣ󱳿϶Ū˺ôһƬ࣬Լǿ䣬Ҽһºò
˵ͰѼͷק

ߣ֦۾ð֦˫͸۾ˣľͷһԭأߣһ¶ᡣ
ְԼװܺߵģڴϱʱһģһ

ţºˣһֻ׼ϣ˦֣ίڵ

ţ֦ûӦʱ³سסĺ졣
֦˯l屻⧲סһ.ڡ
ڼͱŭϽ͡

ӺסĲӣߣƵٸһԣ

ѹס֦ܵҰתֱ˦Ӱ

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ǰ׷˺üȻͱϵžú˰벽Ѷ͵ϵ󣬾ʲôˡ

Ϊ֦ҵ䡣

һˮͷ£ڵˮģ˾ӣ֮ڵһжģ

㣬㡭
֦ͬ˵Ҫӡ

ס֦˫֣ǽ棬ֱ۽ש

֦ۡ

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С㵽ڶԽʲô

֦۶ˣ̱ȥôӶĻ

趼ϴ𣿡

ǣǡ᲻á᲻ϴȥζ

ˣʲôˣŤ˫۲Ұ˺֦һƬʣ֦סѹֵʹʱͷĿ͵òԼۡ

֦ڶȫ¶ڶ

ԡͷܽܽض֦˼ʹĶ⣬֦˫ۣҪڵĻˮƳʡ

ˬ𣿡

֦촽ţȹȥˮǺÿ˫֧ŲסҪ¶ףÿһֱĽ

ҲϴԼŪôɧһ˾빴ˬǲǣˬˬ𣡡

֦ԴҡΣڻӦŲ죬ֻöش

˵˵

֪֦˵˻Ҫ˵ǹĥǿŰ

ˣҪȱˣӼл䣬ˮĽɿ֦һɲǡ
֦عڵϡ

֦ͷˮմǻ䣬˸ղĶһ
òӣȴǱֱ˫磬˫ֻסм䡣
ţҧҲҪΪԼһ˿档

ס°ͣΪʲôôңίʲôţǸղû.𣿡

֦ü䣬һĨײԳ̧ۣĳˮģ
һ㡣

ʵĺۣû취·ˡ

ô

֦˳ӻǣһһ˲ѣסͷȻôţϵҡ

ϥڵذĥһѪۣ֦۵ͷۻȻˮؿż

һ̣Ҿһͷҵã·ʪ͸ˣĿӣ֪ǳǲҪˣҰΪҵÿҪڴ.ϣһõĶһ㣬ܲ.Ҳٵþһ㡣

̧֣Źűߵ֦Ƴٳûȥձɰİĸ

һǶʲô

֦Ŭˣɤӷ·𱻶ˣһ
½еº¡

ͣǲһˣӰ㷢˰ҪҪҰººн˶࣬ǲǾɧˣ

ҪҪ֦ż½ǣ

С

֦Ϊѵشۣ豻Ūۻ࣬ߵǲȴڡ

ּʲôҲ֪װʲôУһ

ҡ

ס°ͣŤӵЦ
аãѧһҰˮȡ



141 ãҸ
ƹ¼Ӱֳб,ѹ֦ϡ

֦ضżǽüĵȼײ컹Ҫ˿,ʵĺۺˡ
۵ϣε֮ԼҲûѹ
,Լ,ú˷ܡ
ô죬ֻܳ,ٶһˡ

ҵ޵ģ̇°ͣ򢶶
֪
ΪʲôУ

֦ͷɢ,̬عţһƵָһǳǳЦüӡ
ǲ,жûЦˡ
̧ͷһۣĿʲôǿĶ̳
ߣҾͽи

ߣҾŬѧŽи
ãҪ,Ҷ㡣

Ŀĸ,ֻ벻ֶεĥ
вء

֦ͣǣв,ֻǱ,㡣
һЦ,ͷָȦ,ҲӦأ
֦ͷһִִҪӦأ

ǽŶ,վӣ֧֧
Ǳ˴మ𣬱ĥʻꡣ
һ·Ǳһ·Ǳ˶Է
ĬٳĬ
Цˣ֦Цˡ

˵

ţ

֦߽ԡʱ뿪˷䡣
ͬʱĶ

ͺºͬһ䷿

֦ڴڣţ鷢ÿϵ˺ֿʼʹ۵׵ƣɹִѻһѩ

֦ҹһ԰׵ӣ΢ʹ͸Եӳúģİ
ǣ˿ڵգ˺۵ǻվſڵļ˵һһײ

֦˶ָ⣬£סָĲ
ḧĺ룬ϸ΢ıʱЩÿ֦צ֯һĻҵխĳڡ
׼ΪʲôһߴֱŰһ߶ǿ

ΪʲôҪվﲻΪʲôҪųһƬ档

֦ûлͷûüˡ

ãҸΡ

ǣΡ

-

һ££ϫǶˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰºǺ޲һʮСʱڼϣ⼸죬һĳ̬ǶֻɵЦ˭Ҫ͵ͻֻ̰ص

Ǻ£°Ͳء

죬ĸԻ³ֻ겻ĺºЦººڵ˵Ϣѽ

¸˵ºȴ˼һۣߵû֨ѳϫƬѾķţԵˡ

ºͳϫһЦŴȤϣǾĬඡ

ºͷһ͵

ŪһŲͽֽ˻ڣͷȥ֪ˡ
νºǹ˭ֻۣررۡ
˭ҹڴߵ֦ҹգͻ֣ᷢǵ񣬱飬ľеȻ޴һģһġ

۰۵ϣǶ˲˹ӣûͦ

֦վɸ˺ܶճϢʲôʱؼңûôأղ֦ϢҪյʱ򣬷ܶࡣ
ǶһƬҩٳһƬҩ

۰ۺۣŰķйùе

һɫĳں󱳣಼˿ۣʣººؼ𣿡
ţºԾֻ߬ӵؿ

ºͳϫ׷׷¿ӣؿż

һ飬ؼ𣿡

ºʹͷ룡

ǲزסµͣһѰķӦһԼµº˱˭
ϫ͵ס´ϵ֣½һ±ȷĲ²ⲻǿѨ磬뵽һȥˡ

Ǿͻء
ֻȥǰ̨ˡ

ǼҴҵĽŲ֪ؼҵ˭ºǸˡ

ֱ̫ܾýвõ·˻ǻȥɡ
ã̫鷳ˡ
˳·¼֡
ûܾðɡ

˻꣬˺ͳϫ󣬿Ǻͥȥˡ

ڸݣ̧ۣ͸ӾºǸĵģŮ˵ֱɣǵץ˰ͷûкСֱ
º

ºֻûȣűߡ

ƸסͷѹʹͷĲġ
ȻµˣǾ˵ѾϲˣΪʲôһؼңô˷أ

ŵĺֹºһˣҲһѺ
ºСȷҲǿûд˺úԸʲô£Ҳпԭ
ʵڲ뿴֮ķʲô𣬱㾡һѡ

ںºûлػǰ˵ººͱȥˣưһС㣬Ưˣ벻
̨׸ˣº˳¾Ϳԡ
ºҲһܾĻѿڶҪҪżȥ

֮ǰֱӺ㡱ģȻǰ֣ȻǻбĽˡ

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ҽȥ

һģǺźº΢š

ǰҲʮʱ䣬յ֦Ϣ

á

ڸʲô
ŷһֻ߬ţһºֻ
˼ΣͺºֻȻžˡ

ֻӵһߣת⣬ɫãȻؿ·ķ羰

һͬʱΪ
ҪºֻһǲĿӣĵ
ƺֻصǳ֮״̬ǶӸ⡣
ʱַͨʽͷԼѹǱȫѹ밲ο޴֡
¼һʧػʲôģĬĬѳĵؿ
ҪǼֱ˯žͺˣ浣Ĵؼһᷢʲô

·ϵƽʱһʱ䣬ʧˣ˿û⣬һͣ³ˡ
²ģͺºһ档

˾Ļ̥ػ˼ҡ

죬֦ڼĸطἤܳٿߵǰֺõظ˵һ䡪Сˡ

ǶһˣյֻǵĽŲ֦ûзһ

żĲǼĺºܲס۾Ĵҿ
ͷһۣΪʲô˵ֹһ䣺Ůء
һ£ʶ˵⻰æ졣

ûйֱȥһһƿŲͣһ䷿ſڣǺסǼϷӡ

ûпƣӫӫ׹Ѵϵ֦£ڹ룬΢Ĺģ米󱳿ǽϥǹ𣬵Էϣſڵļʱڼϵָɲһ͡

ˡ֦Ѱ˵

š

˫ִ¶˻ڣȴѶ׵ĺ̶۾еգգƽƤ̶֦˵ֻҡ

֦գһ۾ֻβһӣ

ֻ붼ûˣ΢ţ¼ûɾöһԻͷ̫Ϥˡ
Ǻº

ȥϷ˷ݣȥˣٿȥҪˡ

ſͷٺθ﷭ܣôŻûˣ۾е㷢ֱŹѵһԶŵĻ֦

Ǵʲôʱʼĵģƽʡ

֦ƽش𣺡ǰɡ

һڴѼ

֦ӵ̧ɫֽǰżδɢͶȴĿĵͶңԶ޵ĵط

ĻĹͽ͵ţʵĸ顣
ֻ᲻÷ֵˣԸԻ٣ҲҪץš

֦һͷббȥͬһģޱߵĺҹǷϵصȴһע޷Ϩ

ˣġ֦˵



142 ѽ
ͷ,߬ȭͷʹؿڡ

ºûƫƫҪʱʶôؼűԼ
㣬㲻Ҫ,Ҳá



ºǵߣǰס,Ҳ,㣬ڡ



һ,ײϡ
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Ǹİ,ŭúİǾˡ
һֿԸߵĺºһߺ˵β˦ϵû

ĻĹȻ,֦ǹ΢Ļ,ӲЦһ¡
ررģرֻʣ˵ʱ
ñϲŭ֣Ѿһǳѵ¡

ſڵļҲ,ŭ,ȴûȥ֦˺,ſ,ţ˫ֲͷ,ʮָ뷢˿Ħϸ΢ġ˻

ΪʲôΪʲôҪģ
֦Ȼ£ţ
֪֪
֪֪
㻹

֦ϵԣűסԼֿʼսݵ壬ͷȥ
֪Ҷ֪ģС֪ʲôңʵҲµġ
ʲô
֦һ̴ٶɳƵʣȥһ£Һò״һЩΪСĳֿ֣ʼۺˣұҪ취£ûоˡ

ҪҪ±˺ǼŹص

֦ڶ̶̵ľضţվ±ԵˣֻҪ߬סԷ۾ܼһ£ټһ£Ĺ˺ۡ

ǼˣǸŮ˭
ĸ
֣ңһǺóʱŮˣ㲻˵û˭˭

֦ؿڴϱ÷壬ѣҲʲôĹϵ˵𣿡
š

֦նΪضżۣһɸŨĺڰ
˭ȾǰɣȾѪģİ

֦ѵصƣڴϣֱͦͦ΢΢ҡţſɬЦϥеβҪ´һģ첻ˡ
ԹǶݣطĳҵɢסۡ

С򣬽ľԼûðеģҶ㣬򵥵ģڴȡҶˣһʲôܸأʹ඼Ҵģ˺ܾãܾúܾãһʲôܹʹࡣ
һ˲뵽˷ӣ֦Ȼ̧ͷץסһ˿翵ϣ
ãѽɣһ˵ˣҲûаȫˡ

ɥؿ

ǣǣ˵跢ĥ㣬ʵûء

ÿο֦ʹӣľӸҪˣӦΪϱֳΪĺܿġ
ÿҹշת࣬Լڷ̳鵽ķθںĻǶԲϣ۵Ҫ

ûҪˡ

ûҪˣ㡣

Ҳֹͣҵĺ˼룬᲻͵͵ܳ᲻һ죬ٱҹˡ

ãĺò𣿡

ϥڼӲĵذУŲβס֦ǧﻯһƵʡ
ǺòˣҺòˡ

˵ţˮ͹ˣһһģѹֵĸԽ˵һƺƴľ٣ôᣬýͷöһ˫͵ʪ˸Ứڻһ࣬һ壬Сʱһ
½ҧ˱Ȼͷؾڻ࣬ŴϢʣ˺ۣȴЩ̹ĵʹ

ãһ£ټһ£Ƕټһ¡

ŲסˣʹĲһͣײϴط졣

СС򡭡

֦ŰѼͷ̧ҡͷҡͷ˫סݺݰͷؿ¡

˺Լ

ʵӳݷҾͿ˺𣿡

֦һżͷһıȰĸס
ԣԵģСֻҪһͺáú㣬ȵһ졣

Ĭܾãͬʱ̾˿ͷ߳䡣

Ϊ뿪֦һƬ۾˵ѣÿһ죬ÿһ꣬꣬ȴģޱ޼ʵĺڰ
ˣ˯ˣǳƬҩ

տյҩƿӽ¨һ졣
۾˳ûϵķţڷ䣬һ

-

ûúºڼǰȻԵһҲûпС涼ٺˡ

ʱǹúܿ죬ת۾Ϳ쵽ˡ

иϺһ·ϣܵŨŨζġ
»ر߳ǹˣҲûʲôԸ˵ﻰѣͦįġ

ֻˣóһĻʾϵͣİ룬˺ܾã෽ӿ첽˵绰ֻڶߣû˵

ܹǱ

С򡣡֣诺ܼҲܽš

衣
һȻĿ

ͣһŴǰ޺ղĵط伱ŹǣȻԼеʲôˣʵʲôûУļҶûС

ʲôʱؼң׼˺ܶ㰮ԵĶҪǲæĻͻɡ

֣Сʣ¼ܾ
ʵͨ绰ܾˣͻȻҪģֻͻȻ̲סˡ

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µҲûʲôԵˡ
ʱ͵Уͨ绰ҲǶڵ˭ȴ

ɡ

˵͹˵绰ֻûŻذ֦ĵ绰˹
ִ֦

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¶

һ֦˵Ͷµûţ˸һڣԼְͨ绰ȥ

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С򣬿ˣǺóʱûһˣҪҪһ
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죬ʲôʱʱ䣬ҶС

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ڶ֦ӱܵ˼
һû˳Ǻÿ±紵ͷٺܿûգҲûգԼȥɡ

˵꣬Ըٶȹ˵绰

ڼƱԤѣ򲻵ֱģֻ˶ΣѡתƱ
Ʊֻػ

Ҳ뱻κ˴ˡ

ա

ر߳ǣ춼Ҫˡ

ųɳͨ߳ļֻһ׵ĵǻ䣬ûʲôҲûڱ߳Ƕá

ߵĻ𱱳Сˣ˸ԶԶľ룬ƼվڽӻڵŮˡ
ǰ˲١
ôӺ񶼰һ㡣

ζӳ£볯֣ȴ첻첲뺰һ裬ȴŲ졣

û뵽֣读ûϢɵվ˶á
˵һԲ𡱡
ôҲˣһͨ绰ûи

֣说ûйֹһ㣬첽ӭǰϵ°úôһ飬ˮʵ˵˾䡣
ˣӡ

һӱסˣޡ

֣诽סοıԺӣûˡߣؼңǻؼҡ

Ǻһָ飬ܷãټ棬ȻΣͺֻһͨĴط硣
ֱ֣诵ĳϣûñŤ

·̫ˣ*˵Ļ˵ˣ˻˳Ĭ

ɫѵ֣诣˻⣬أôˣ

û֣֣˲ŷ̵һ
ûϵˡ



143 ƭӣҲƭ
ȥ,ҪЩĴ

Ĭûаѻȥһûһţصҡ

̤һ˲,ϤϢĸûб,Ǵǰ,ǹġ

֣诲Ĳڣĸ첲,
С㿴,ķ䣬ûͻȻ,Ӧ

ǰס᲻֣诿
֣诿һͷ𷢵ļȴǰЦˣ࣬Խ,֣ǵ,ܾüĿġ
ֲҶʲô
ﲻ϶

ʵʼǲ̫
ΪʲôﲢļңΪʲô֣课꺮ů,ȴԼ¿

С,һ,Ҳ˰,˯ȥ
ͷ֣΢΢͵ıӰ,һɬˣ裬ȥϢɣҽڼԷ
֣诽ŵҪ𣿡
Ҳߡ
˸ɣܾûлˣԼҳԷ
֣΢ʧ䡣
Ҳ֪ڼ죬ҪȥҪٴܳʱˡ

˶ļ裬˻һġ
ã
֣诿ļˣϲϲǱߵ䣬㿴㴩ô࣬ŸñЦˣһ°
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ѣ컻ϣ
˵ţϣռ任·

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򿪴һƷζȻϲŵĿʽûй֣诵⣬·ЬӾӣ֣诸ġ

裬ˡ

ţؼҹ

֣ذͽݡ
źϣ½ĵü죬ʵûʲôҪѣֻǲ֣ڻһ죬Ҫæǵ¡

ȥأȥء

΢ϱ˷Ϣûͣôôѣȴûмܱ֪ˡ

һ·ϣ֣ܶطȴˣ̵ǼҳѾľߵ꣬滹һµĹ㳡һж˷ǵľ
ãĴڹȥˣǲǻá

ʵڲ֪ȥҸطһ󣬵֣诲˯ˣٻȥ

̫ʱû·߲ˣֻ뿴ûʲôʺȥĵط
һ֣һġ㡱˳ȥԼֻķ죬ɻܿ˿Ϊǳֻþˡ
ڱ߳

˷ܵسܹ
Ϥߵ򣬴ʵеܼ࣬ͷ󺹣СڵùڲϵΧ˰Ѻ

üͷôѽ
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ҵĵַ
š
쿴żøüͷæֵ½㣬һֱ΢ŲʣҲû취˳ҵ˼

˼ҴԶһˣרΪôֻܻЩİˡ
û㣬СѣһôԶĵط㸸ĸ϶ᵣĵģ˵ϾҪˣƱѶģ㶩ȥĻƱ𣬱ʱزȥˣ㸸ĸ꣬Ǹöİ

ָΧįÿ괺ڵʱ򣬶Ҹĸæʱ򣬽㣬Ҳ֪ģƽʱԼһסˣ׬Ǯײϵģʲôڲڣһˣزȥʲôأ

ɵ̾ˣѲϵΧɣ꣬͸һɡ

ţȹ꣬һرǡ
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쿪ĵԭرִֻ߬޲øʶ˷ʱеϲá
Ŀ⽥ļʱɵվһߡ

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λûʲôθڣ̫ԡ
˷һۣϸĵطɫǺܺãСѣǲ岻
¶ӣŤŤһ㣬ʹ
㵽תתأˣϽϢɣʹɲС¡
šڴգգۣȥİ

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˼ȥö⡣

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Ҳܹ˭ڵСͦ඼ֳģеļҳ˵еСѧû̸ˣȻ˼Ҳ̫ܽܣҲʱڽ
ҷʱУϻ˼էһΪǴѧ

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Ļ֦ô죿

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⺢ӣϲѽ
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ǲð֪ƽδ𣿻бʲôԭ
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֣еңףǣֻһʱûüȷ£ΪбҪ绰һ¡

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á

֣Сѣҹ

ǰŽţŹʱһˡ

֣读͵ʲôģѹΪʲô㡣
Ẉ̂Ŀģ뵽֪ȥˡ

ǳǳ
Ȼ˫ۺϤˣڵż֦֦Ҳ
֦˵֦˺ܾòػһ䡣

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ֹ۵ģϵģģֻǼ

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켱ˣ˲ô࣬һô嶯ȥ̡
ˣ㣬˵شң㵽ΪʲôҪ

û̼УֶȫܿƣͷȥѹֵЦ϶أЦȻסʮָƤ⡣
ЦˣǻǿرЦĻȡ

ƭӣҲƭӣǾһԡ



144 С
ʱ,֣ӦѾӵˣʱӵĵ绰־衣
֣,ӵ
ţӵˡ֣诿յ,°,ÿ춼Сһ϶˽,£һҪ̽ʵ
á
С֦֦,ʲô

£¶ûô
֣̣ʵ,ָķ棿
ʲôϵ
³ʵһˡ

ʲô
֣𾪵ķӦ²ɵĵʲô֣̣

֣Ծ,֪֪ССŮѴؼ,ô£ѵСڡ

ڽ̤

֣诲˵ԼŮѻʻȥ,¶˼

Ҳ֪,ûи˵,ʲôСŮ,˭
ǸŮר̴ӱǹСģͷ,۾𣿡

Ŷ찡
ɿΪΪ˱֦ˡ
ĻǵĸҪתأǾϼѡ

ٷ裬ҲһδС̸
˳Ϊˡ

¹ھ²͸ĿʲôǾϷ


ǣ

ϲ֪ģ治֪ʲôʱһġ

⻰˵֣꣬ǳײðˡ

Сˡ

绰Ѿˣ֣读վ¥ûлؼң侲ܾãʽ͵ʲô֪úܡ

֣诵Ȼô춼ģ̫ļû취ٽĸŮϵʵ䷴
ŵչطˡ
ͼڿ

ֻ䷿

˵¹ϵ˯ڼҲ޿ɺǡ

ҲΣ㣬ҿԴ̵ġ
ֻãĲɵЦ¡
ǿˣôܻ̣˯ҵĴɡ
أ㣿

ղż¹÷ѡһϲ·ôÿ·ѡƫҪѡһ׼ĸУ
˵һ½㻹У԰ʱڵϢ

ʱ䱦Уӣ۰Ͱ͵ż

̧ͷһۣһӱУŪɫ㱣Ŀ΢΢̾Ϣ
ΪԼ̾

ȻΪʲôɹ֦ȴйĿ⡣
һӴ֦ϣӱԼϡ

֦ùѵͺù

Ϊ˱֦Լ˴ǰŵԼʱžӣ۵ϰ¶ḡ뵽֦ͻʶԱԼ䲻֦
Ϊ˱֦ŰԼġ

ǸûаȫУر

״̬رر𷴳һ˴Է˵ҳȥߡ

ҿԡ𣿡

üͷļ󣬷֪ˣٴţĬĬ˷䡣

ҹ䣬ϷɳϵУף֣֪ţϢˡ

ȵݵĹѾȥ

ȥ￴ˡ
ǸΪ֦ġҡ

С򣡡
Ҫݵļͷ׼ȥ

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ת

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Ҳ˺ܶµѣĸܺҲǣҶھԼ

⼸֣诶һˣģ꣬Ը֮ìӦǽ⿪ˡ

Сλ찡
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ͦõġ𲻽пҶóʱûˣ﹤ѽ
ǡ
ŶԶ

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Ҫ֪ǵĹϵǺҪõģԾæǩֵġ
ʱǸµĶ

˶ͼһεգʱŴ򿪣̽һԴ
㣬㻹û߰ȥ㡣
Цģ̶Է¶Ц
ôˣСѡ
ƿŵţټϷ۶Ǽû첲Ѽֻݸ
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֦
ܺϸ˵ǰɣҺ˾кϵһΣҾǹ¹̬ȣһȾţҵġ

ôͻȻ¶

һҸղſ˭ˣ
˭

ܺԵʣر߳˰
š
֦أ֦ûһ𣿡
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ܺĬˡ

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ӵϣ£ܹһ㴫֦

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ˣ

ЬŵسԴȥͣڷſڣͷŵһյСҹƣڴϵŮˣʱ۾

ǡ֦

ô⣿

֪ΪΣһӦȻ֦϶ڼˡ

֦΢߽ȥʧصش¹ţѿտյ¹˸׳졣

ħƵģţûˣôûء

֦۵ؿûʲôķӦ

ſףһ˫ֱģˣҳ
ֵŴسӣ֦죬ק
ң˲صˣ
֦ûòشסļ磬άסƽ⡣

֦òУ۾СС򰡡

ͷһƿҩϡ

΢ͷ֦ŵϤҩζ
ȻЦ֦ɿ
֦شϣѼķŭ
Ĳȵſϣѹ֦ϣ΢΢³ֻصĴ棬һһ˳ƽ

֦ͷήҵȱ֣ˣȽ˯ˣ棬ԡ

гˣ
š

֦ĴȲƣ۾ȴôղϡ
֪֦״̬ҲܲãҲۡ
һ

ǵļ䣬ʱãܾûʲôܹ˷ֿǻһһ

Ҫûô̵ذͺˣͿѸ𣬻˵ټ

飬񱻳ľż
磬ʱһΣϣһš



145 
ɵӡ

ʱôܻᵹ,¾ǷˣҶ˺ǽʵʵʹĵģÿôʹ,˵ı

Ĩȥ۽ǵ,ĺԼ⸱ӡ

أ
֪
߿,͵ͬһ׼֤ȡ˿ʸ,Ҳûԭȵĸи,ûȥĺݵģ𣿡
֪

֦޶Եظ˵,Ѿ御֮ǻûκιϵ

ҪǴǰ㣬Ǵʱ˿ڵ,Ҹж࿪ġ

ΪʲôǴʱ˿̡
ΪҲ,֦Ϊ˺ƭģǷġ

֦ûһһ˵ģġ
,˯ˡ
,Ƥ,ĻӦ

,ϱӣѹ,ٴɾµĽӡ
Ĩȥĺۼ
Ȼûһ뿪ˡ

ȵ֦ҲֻΪղƬ´棬һ

СһΣεˣң˵Ҳģ̫ˣ㡣

ڶ죬Ȼյһ֦Ϣ

ȻΪΣ͵ΰɡ

ֻӵһߣææµµ֣诺ͷ죬ȥǣûʲôƺκ飬᲻Ȥˡ

֣С˵ʲô쳯߹

㣬ȥ̻
ӦһŷӦ˵ʲôɨˣЦ˵Сѣ컹ûأʲô̻ѽ
εǼ⣬ôܷͷֲһ·ɵȥģȻըһ֣ûлġ
ʲô
ߣееģ

֣˵ϣⶼҪˣҲòˣСȥȥɡ

ðɡ

ܱڼҪã˷졣

ֹķ죬ʣСѣ̻ɣʲô˵ɡ
ǳϦˡ
š
ڵݽǣ֪ţǸ˭
ʲôǸ˭˵֡
ƽ㣬߳ˡ
ô֪ģɫ

ÿƺ֦̫

½˵ģ˭ģҲˡ

˵ʲô

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˵ȥĻعҵģҲеõģһú̵֣ģ׼ΪϦҹʧµġ
µۡ
Զϲѽ

ϲȻǺϲġ
Ȼ˵ʱľͺϴһʹƽĹϵҷ֣ˡ˭ֲϹȻõ㣬ҸʶʱܰЦģ̫һǣܾúܾöûЦˡ

Цһ£֤Լ˵ΪԼ

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Īǣֹԭ򡣡

һתһ֡
֪̽ˣ᲻ԭһԭ㡣˰ȫУ˵ˣˣš

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Сѣ֪ǲе̫ˡ
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߰ɣȥط
ȥѽ
֪ˡ

ѧٽŷżٵģ춼ϦˣܿɢɢѧѧУϰҡ

Բλ࣬ˣٿң˼ץʱѧϰץʱ̸
ţ̸ʲô
ûʲô
Ͻתƻ⣬㣬ѧĸа
š
㣬㳤ôƯѧʱһѧ԰ɣ

ͷתʣôϵһģ
˵Ϊ㳤Ưѧϰð

ЦͷСĹεŪ۶䣬̲ס˻һ
û°ɣ㡣ĵ̧֣ҪһĶ
һ󲽣㿪ˡ

ջյ֣ʴӵذֱεػ˻壬Ĵҿε顣
أĿԶǸįߵŮˣ۾ӳʹ

ʲôأ

˳߿ȥЦһȥòһʱó

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ԣҷÿһ΢ţ㶼ǿģΪʲôأ
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š
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ǡ

ǡΪʲôһ㶼أ

֦ڲ߬߬һ̶ʱСȥ֣С
䣬ǣҵ𣿡

ûлױɫ԰ףϺɫ
ˣûŵ΢΢ͷȥִ֣ͣԭλ

˵䣬ķк

ĥǻǣ֣䡣

˵ָһɲǣӦҪջȥ֦ץסָ֣ᴩָ죬ʲô̽ļ⡣

֦һֻż·Եż⣬ͷһǡ
ͷŶͷ֦ߵʹ촽



ڴ֮ͥ£ͽؽһ

ǲڱƵС໥̽Ϊǵ͵ҸֿƺʵýڣΪ˸ԽĽùϵ˵̫ѣǶ֪ԷʲôУȴ޷԰εమˣһԼĻ쵰һԼõĻ쵰

ǴСǻ˵ѵƭӡ

Ӽù⿪ʼԻάϵվûмּ̡

ٶĽˣһɹɹ̫ɡ

𣿡֦ʡ

֦ӦҲ㡣

Լǣƿ֦롣
Ϊʲô
ͳԿףѧУĴţǣ֦֣ǰطĵط

Ϸɡ˵
ʲô

ɿ֦֣Цúᣬ֦ΪҸڳ֡
Ҷҵ㡣



146 㰮㣬
ҵ,Ҷ㵽ȥ
ô֪

ٴˣ֦ʧȥϣҸȼȥЦ,Ȼ˼ΧȻ΢Ц

ѽǿʼɡ

֦ؿ˼һ,תѾõĵطȥˡ

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Ϸˣ֦

ϰſ͵͵۲ķ쿴һ˳ɻ,*þãҲ֦æܹȥ֦ͻȻַУſҷǿ֦ɴ׳,

ûб,ֱߵߣײһ¡
ʲôأ

һֲ嶵һ̫Ѩ,˰Ȧ,,㿴ܺŶ
ü,𣿡
̫ˡ
Ц
ʵѹסǿҵĺģʣƽأ
ô

ַ,ǣɲǰǧᣬҾͦģղҿǶˣңɺأѵȥ֮󣬳ˣ
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ӣ˳·ļ磬߰ɣҴȥĵط䡣

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ڵӹ龫ֵתȦϽ촽ԹԱ졣

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Ǯ˼ҵСʲôöûгɫֹƷ߼壬һѣҲ㲻һˡ

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ˣһӣôûһ뵽ҪˣҲҪϢġ

Ķͷſ˫ۣܴؿڣѽôôù

Ȥܿɰ
ȷʵЦˣЦЦţȴĶʱһͣ·𿴵һεȻһ
ÿеʱ
ƺͲӵп֡
ƣǣŸĳ̬

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쿴£ҪȻôѹ֣̽ʵ㣬ղȥǰѧѧУﰡ



˵𣬽㡣

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ؿʲôæﲻ

粻壬Ҳ֪Ƕڲڡ

-

ǲʲôʱʼ֦ûʱǣͼء
ӣǶꡣ
һʱܹʱ̫졣

һվڸߴ棬ź͸ҹ֦ŵڵζѧУΧǽƮ
ľֱվ˿ʮСʱżǻһ¡

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ҪȻۿţôΪΡ

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֦ٵĺҪסֻĻ¼Ȼ֣ʲô

Ǹܺ˵Ϊá

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ܺһͷˮʲôգ˵ʲôǺܾûϵ˰

֦ͷ紵߰㣬¶ģܺЩһǻ᲻̱֣ȺҪ̬ȡ
˵С˭Ҫ

˵ˣֲÿÿĵĻ¡
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ã㿴Щк֮䣬ԥѡ㣬ǲǺܰ

ܺ궼Ϳˣ֦֪˭𣿡
ܺꡣ
ϴϵʲôʱ򣿡

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ãҸ㣬ѾܾúܾûϵˣԴײ㡭
ұ졣
֦Դĵȫסɲվȡ

ܺոѺ˾ƣ绰֦ϡͿĹǲˣҲòᣬԴһȣʧ˷ִ

֦㵱ѵģĪظҶϵҲûйֹ㣬Ϊѡ㣬ңЩѣǶôģǾϣܺúõġΪ㶼뿪ˣȥûˣû뵽ˣôôԼŪӡ

֦ǹ𳰷ЦЦΪǡ
ܺ꣬Ϊ˭õ˵㶮ʲôͲ˽ҺҵãǴСͰű˴ˣ˵жҪҶ˵жҪΪƾ㣬̫͹֮ĸˡ

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У˵ҵҪ˵ʲô

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߿߿

ǵȰѾסͷܺˣ˳ˣһһٵ֦ţã̤бˣˡ

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紦ǻˣɢҺҵãĺܿЦȺɵǣԶͬǵİ
ã㰮㣬㡣
Զץ֡
ûκˣܹǲɢ

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˵⻰֦Ҷϵ绰ƽذֻܺ

б˸绰˵õĲãǸ˭

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ͷɫԸƲͣ춯֦ͷƾż䣬Ѱǰµĺۼ

ϣĵƶţһ͵͵ߵָعһԸơ

ҵ𣿡

ָҡεԸ֮䣬һһһһʧ

ˡ

Ѱ֦ħڳʪϣͽٿܲԸƵķ϶



147 
Ϊʲô˵Ը߸,Ψǿ鲻ˡ

аʮָݽָ׷ȥʪĸҶ,ѪպͨİɫһҪһ,Ȼ

˵,ܶ˶Ըġ

ˣ뷨ͱ,Ҫҵ޸Ը
,ôŬҲ

ʵ̻֮ʣһ,ʮָ߰ѪԸôҲˣǶԷʹĳͷ
ɫĹŸɺϵȥƵʮָݽֲڵɣϵͷ
ÿһץסҪȥá

,,֪ˣԺ󣬽úܺ,ܶܶలȫ,ΪҸŮ,ҴûкĽ,Ⱳӣ±,±ӣǶҪá

Ҳͨԣ֦ܵĳ⣬绰ˡ

Сȥˣ
ʱ£Ҿˡ
ҲûдкһԾߣ֦һ˶ǣûбֳ˿⣬ν˵
֦ûԹҲûǰʲôίǿ˵ûϵ΢΢ίˡ
㻹ûߣ
š

Ĭһ䲻ȵ˵ڿˡ
ҿȥ𣿡
С
æ𣿡
š
ҵͷھ֦࣬ʶҧס´ʲôʱԼ棿
ǳϦҹˣҹȥ㡣

֦תҪˮһһ̲ˮüȴлġ
ѽҵ㡣

ͨ绰̻Ѥõʱ

վڼ󣬲֪շʱʲô

㣬ˣ˯ˡ
񱻶ԭأٶۺܾãͷľګġ
Ҳ˯ô˯ˡ
밾ҹҿ㡣

˫磬·бţһѵ·ûϴĿں죬̨ϰһܣ߰Ťͷ

˯Сѡ

·Ҫš

ǰ׷㣡
ţͷ
зִغ˻ԭλֵģҲģôˣٵøңҪȥģȻһᵣĵġ

ҰҪȥ
ҧǵͷصֹסضѾ޷Կصĳ̶ȡ
ȥһ

ʲô֪𣿡

Ц£Ǹܡ

Ϊҵܡ
ܰܰһ꣬㶼ûиߵܡ

¹⸲ԸƵ֦ϣӰһˣӰúܳ۾ֱضãеˡ
ִԸƣһԸƵĺߡ

Ǹڰ޽ϣǱ

ȥôãҲǣѺͽԸһ𣬹ĸλá

һ꣬ʮ꣬͵͵ԼĽ㣬һ̬ϲٽ㣬ڰ͵㡣
ӵ·ŦϵúܽĽ㣬ʲôɫ
Լе˷ܣرڽ뿪ҵϵԸƵʱ
Ըƶ׼¹⣬һһµּ

ˡ

ḧǿ鷢ùӣּɫѾģ֣á֣Ҫܶࡣ
Ϊдֵʱ֦˺ص
̵úҪ͸ľơ

ԸͿԲǽ

ɵ㣬һ꣬õж࣬ŻɵԸ

ϲģ½һһȻ֪ɵѧŽ㣬дһһģһԸơ
Ϊͽһúࡣ

ǣĽ죬˺ÿһ죬ܿڶ̫һֺݳ޵¡
Ҳֻۣɽˡ

һ룬롭
ţ롣

СҶȡһ˽һΰɡ

ñʻּдµԸΡΡԸƣڽŹڸߴ֦⡣

¹طԸʵְɡ

-

Ϧ

֮ûôͣô𶯣ǲסͣΧΧȹļվ̨ǰףһ̡

֣诺ͷڿĿûƿ

üȥæһ䡰á
ô˵ˣҲǰͷ

֣诰ѵӻС֪֣лҪ˵æá

찡
ţ
֣ίʣûС̫Ծ˻֮ǲǼʲôˣ
ֻڼǰģϹ
̣̫û˰ɣ㻹ѽ㵱ʮأ˶ǻҴʶģܳġ

ѵ𣿡
֣读޷װķ

İɣ̣ǰ£½㶼ҽģҺϲϲ㣬飬ͰһģǸټ棬ҲģϾĽ㣬ôϵǷָģûôС

춼ô˵ˣ֣ʱģֻԼ̫Уˡ
Ŵǰּ򵥵¶ļ쳴˵ģɵһӣ˶ٿࡣ
Ŀ

ˣ֣诵飬֪֣Ǽˣһ˸һ𵣾¡
ϣû˯þһֲõԤС

ڳæ÷찲Ĳ٣ܱһҪǿöࡣ

߳ǵϰҹԣԢ緢ơڼһæԭٷϵĵ㡣

˶ںã쿪Ц˵緢ƣƣǻᷢƵģԶһ
֣Цˡ
ȴûЦϴ֣û

֣ѵǵĿת졣

캰㣬ź

á
Ӧ

˶ģûӷݹֻԹԴӿ㶵ͳָֻһ֦΢ԭء

ؼң

ң

֦˵ؼҡ

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С򣿡
Ѿȥ֣վŲ

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ﶼܺã˼˫ۡ

ͨͨģ˿Ƭй

㡭
֣诵ĵط쵣ĵÿˡ

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á֣ӣҳСա

Ҳ˵æӹ磬ܺóԵģ̣쳢㣬ǽֲˡ

ţá

ǽϵӡણણડ

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еسԷԲˣеʡ

ȫûʶԼ˶ٶֱһθܽ䣬һأˮͷͣˮžӣ˳ʵˮ
ǻǵģĲֹģˮ᣿

Ҳ

Ϊʲô˿Ļôܡ



148 ֦Ƿ
ʮһ㡣

֣诺ͷɳ,˽һƣ̬ĿҴͷ̵ļ
֮һֱ,һ̣һ,ûܿ͸,Ϊʲô΢Ϣһһ죬ȴ֮

ڲŴ,ҲһƬ͵ľ󣬼ܾûô,֣诵ȴһ¼š

֣诽ģ죬С,ġ
ţġ
ǰҲ𣿡
šȵϾ׷Ľ㣬Ҫĺܼ򵥣ֻҪҵľͿˡ
⺢Ӱ
ЦЦ,,㲻õģңһһϲ,,һ,һ״̬,״

֣诱,԰ġ

Ṇ̀Լӹȥ˵
˵ű

ãȥɡ

䣬ߵͷ߼̣ˣ㣬ζôأŶҪˡ
ڼϵֻһ

İɡ

ȿˮɳƵɤӣ۾ֻĻʾһÿһӶѹȥظĳ嶯Żһһ̡

αء찧

αء
ǰαء

߬סǣŴҵƻ𣬴ӳģֵӰ
Сѣ㻹С㲻ᶮġ

ᶮǵġ

ǵĺֹһ졣

ӵܺĵ绰ϵ֦ʱ֦űֻվ̨֦Ϊеί

֪֦ڵ˭ôɵһˣʲô塣
αء

ָںСŮôమ֦ɵŮˣţڼ

֦֦վ۲۰ϢϢòã
֦ͷûأһ۶ƣִС˵ˣģҪ

ϰûжҹ͸ˡ
֦ױѡһÿѣһ׼֡
жڴھжʧ䡣

վѵϣۡ
ܺ겻ö֦˵ֻʱ𱸹䣬˵£ûзִ磬侳ʱŷ֦û취ȫ
ӸԼҪ˵ȴƲס
ˡ

⻰ֲ̣óҸ֦޷ܣļ΢ʧҲͷİΪûʶˡ

ǲܺģǼ²ҪˣζС£ȺǷİɡ



ſ촽ϣһ£ͷһˮͻȻܺΪʲôô嶯˾ƣҲܺһ֦˿ε¡
ǿԼ侲һףߵ֦ϣȻǿӲס
ߡ

֦˦ؿ˳·ϲ䱻

üͷ𣬡֦ڸʲôѣѰһ󶼲𣿡
֦ŵĴҿܾС¹Ƶģʳָڴϣһ·ĺӰСħ
Ҫ˵ֻСҵģûѣûУûеġ

㡭

ĵҪˣ֦ˣһòãô᲻ѣǣһֱǰ
һ߬ס֦󣬡ߣȥҽھߡ

֦ȻЦˣЦ¡

ᣬߵ񻰣ʲôǾв𣿡

ҲǸ˼֦֦Ǿܡ
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뿪Ҽҡ
Ȧ죬ЩģЩţ㵱ѵģҸҲǣֻãʲô

֦䶢
жǣǻ޾ж༫ˡ
ϵںеȥһµĻᡣ
֦޶ԣİµ·һĻ
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֣óǵ֮ĹϵԼŮŷֶ۳ľСƣõĻ֦Ҳֿ
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㲻ô
֦֦òãѵСþͺ𣿡
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𲻽ǰȵʣһˣ˭

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ʺãİš
֦˵ģģ򣬿Ծûͣ

֣诸Ͻ֦֦𼱣˵

֦Ϣ̴٣ŨأżӼѹֵĿԣǲϸѺۡ
֣̣֡СֻǻˣҲˣߵĻɲ鷳һæ绰



149 ι
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֣诲,һǼ,ô죿
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Ͳ㹻ý,һֲ䶼ˣ֣񹦷һѶֻ

𣡡

֣׷ȥѾˡ

Ŷû˵,ǰֻݸ
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ι

վ˵߽֣,,ˣôĥ͸绰ʱı顣

Сҷ,ûҩ,ʱ,Ҵһҩòã
ûа,ȴģ㷢ˣ

ڷվ˽Сʱ,ԡˮͷܵҲס
ΪüԼκƫķʽ֦ԸⳢԣԼ塣

ûߣչ˲Լġ֦ˡ
Ŷ
¶ְ֦Զʮ֡
ԼҸ㷢˺ܶϢûпֻôһûлظң

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ôңôĲصǵѡ

æһ죬ȷʵûʱ俴ֻⲻ׼ظ㣬ĵ绰ʹˡ

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š
Ŀǰ˹Źֵϵɨ֦ʾĻ
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ף뵱֣һֱĸ첲嶯

˵ŴҶʶƵĻѻСѣ֦ˣҵȥͺҩӦһ̻ģҪˬԼˣ𣿡
Ϸɵɵģģ㣬ȥɣù˼ң㡣
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˿ֻѻƪŮΪȥǸ˵һЩȰѼá

֣读á
÷Ҫըˡ
Ͼܺ겻ûѹ֦촽ӶҪĥˣ֦ǲţš
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Ȼڼ֮󣬱һŷ˵һͨϣ˳
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ظģҲǺ֦ظܺһ޵ġ

ˡ

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ȻһڣͱǺˡ

ǽ㣬˵Ļһжģжá

ϣĽֻ̤Ƭӵй㣬Ҳܿĺ֪ġ

Ƕǰɵϣζ뱻̤ķ죬ǹԼռ֦

һ죬֦ӷﴫ

С𣿡

ϴװżҩŲڱĴשذϣɳϡ
ҹձʵ̻۱ڴϵ֦˺һССѷ죬е㿴֦ˣΪˮֳô鲻ԽҪˡ

֦ͷʪϺͲϣ͸˯ȹͷοһƬʪۣڴĴм䣬¶ڿеϸֱ۵̺·˫ţ޷Ƶض¡

ҧأϴ߬ɳɳ죬֦ÿһޱȡ

ζ̫Ϥˣ֦ϢجΣҲ˷ܼôһ˲䣬ԼΪʲô̵ִ֦Ķͷʱ֦һͷתüźѪɫ

̫ˣǾԵ֦ˡ

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ңҡ֦Ѿˡ

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֮·һεܵļȥۻס֦ļ磬ᱧס

֦Цű̵ۣˮ޼ɵ˳۽˵֣ңһֱһֱ

֦Ӳ壬ܹܵЩͷųѹÿһʱ˵ġҪ

һֱǶأ

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ǡ
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Ӧң㡣

Ҫһμ棬ҪȥǼʶĶһ

֦ʧش۽ޣǿǣǣҿˣȥҵˮɡ

š

þˮҩˡ

ȥ˱ˮ˵һƬҩø첲֦ϰԼָ֮ҩƬݵߡ
졣

̧֦µͷǳǳסҩȼٰˮݵʱȴˡ

ˮôҩ
ţȴࡣ
Ҫ֦ٲˮֱ򢣬ǿӲذˮȥ

֦޹ǵؿֹסĲӣָϸϸĦĲӣ̬ϸֳС¹ײĻЦ
ι

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ָ֦촽ιҡ



ԣġ
۸ģģ˳ҩѣܱԻܻģҪѳסԼ

ꡭ
֦һ塣

ʱǨ֦ϺܶʶˣΨûУɵ꣬ʱ꣬ǽĸƨ棬ʱܻ̲סȥ촽ȻһԼ촽ȥһЩĶ

Ҫܰҵ촽ڽ촽ϡ

СС꣬ŤҲʧص

ǱıԵɨ֦첡̬գյˮ뵣ʧ۾ȴ˵Ĵꡣ
ÿһʹ׼ա

Ǻղˣ곹ҹߵչССĲ壬ҩƬִ촽ʱ۵ճһغСĻ磬һ̣ԼΪĶ

һ̣ԼΪ֦Ķ



150 ׵
ʧ,һжʧˡ

촽֦ʱΪʲô˿һ治¡
Ǽꡣ
ʮļ,ڰСС꣬ǳŤʧصؽȥ

ͷĶŵľͷ,ʱԾ,

֦ΣϣܰԵһ,Ҫհǰ˺,
ʮ꣬Ƕʮļ

ɵã㲻,ῴ͸뷨һܶ㳯¶ԵĿ⣬֪Ҿҡ

ԥˣꡣ
̫,̫ˡ
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ͿĴԽ,ͷĶͻȻɡ

ҩƬ֦俪ʼܽ⣬ÿõ촽ǻҪʱ,ɼį͵Թ

̫,һ̫ˡ

,ж൨С,Ż㲻ҵĴ
ж,ŻҲԸҵĴ

ӽԺҲˣԸ߲Ը⣬ҶҪˡ

֦һʹ΢΢֧ϰָƻһõ촽㲻ɿصײ촽ϣ͵ؾֹˡ

ǵˣ㣬ǵҵĽˣ


һǱļġ

꣬꣬Һ㣬۾ıӣ촽ҵʱ򡣡

ʶƿ

̬ǺǿӲ֦ķкǺܼ˵һ֦΢ﰧܷܲһЩܵôף޷Ϊ֦ڹ
֦Ƿģ֦ĸԸ
һӣ֦˳ˣΪ֦ôôįôôҪչ˺ͺǻ

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СС

У㡣
У֦

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㲻§סңһ̲סҪ·ģ뿴𣿡
Ҫ
Ǿú§ң𶯡

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Է·˯
֦̻ġ

꣬ÿϣҶҪ˯㵽֪֪˯ֹ˯б˼
ʲô
֦촽ʼ䶯ȡࡣ


ϢţٴϢš
֦촽쳣ȣǹ̵ģŴĵļ۾
֦ܿǱ۾ģʪܵĽëֹֹסӵ̽Ų䣬ڰʾĳ顣
꣬ջ㣬ֵʲôûзˣúÿ죬Ϊģ𣿡

ˣˣĽģһµġ

·𿴵Ǹ׵ԼĽ㱧ڻǣ
Ǳ˹УڱµԽԽ´µĲǶԷ촽ı߽硣
αܶԵȫԿ
ˡ
ǰɣҵǰɡ

뷴侲Ƽٵİ飬ǽ㣬ϴ㣬ſ촽Ľܵӭӡ

򣬼˿ˮ

ֿһӶУ֦͵ȥ˱´µһֻ˳һȣ˸رڻ
յ֦ʵ̫ˡ
ֿ֦ݹصļʵ̫ˣڵҩƬ֦ƽҩζĿ࣬ҺüڽûбߵˮӴ˳°͵㻬һڡ

һץۣǰЩӣ۸֦ʱµġ
ǣͲǴǰˡ
Ǻ
ټˣܡ
ǵĺϢͬƬ̵˼룬ͬ
ƺѾǲܼȥɡ

ټˣᱻ跢ֵġ
ûϵģ֣꣬˵ǽġ
ԣҵĽ㣬ltp

֦̽°ʱܵһֻε˷ܸУڰзͱʵҪΪһ壬ȻѪ롣

֦ˮ䣬侲ؿż侲׵á
꣬ǣǣҴû˵Ҳǡ



һƬҩͽ֦ֱ֦ƻȥԻιҩһֱһֱֿ
ֱһƬҩڻһ㶼ʣ˵촽ڷֿ

鷢ʹȫѪҺľġ

ǿҵǼԸȥϵġδ

һ˲ûڻ֦ǰûڸղŵʧ֮٣ֲ̧ȥ촽֦ĺۼ
ȥˣͿԵʲôûз

ܣ

֦岻Ǻ˵ĸȣⷬڹ¶ƫߣȴĳȡ
ڼļѣʱʱ£ȵĺϸ΢ü궯

֪֦û˯ţʣõ𣿡

֦ŻѰӻƵģץյøָؽڶ˰ףҡͷ

Ǹ컨壬ûһ䡣
˶˶̧֦ͷãһ˿ִ֣ΪʲôҪ˵Ǹ
ǲˣԺ֣ҲӦø֡

֦ÿһϸ΢Сǹ˵ģͷȥʱ촽أأ仺شĲӲջѺòѹȥĻٵȼ
ιҩôء
֦ŵúᣬ
Һϲ죬죬һҪ

ʱ࣬һϾͿˣǴԼûأ
֦ѹס븴ĿΪĳ죬СʣҵĲˣ죬죬һ𣿡
֦ܿ˵ߣӲػشһ

֦ǲǰ˺ĺܶ¶ˣֻºõĲ֡
ʹʲôֶΣҪߣûаȫеذñø
һ˼ʱܻˣ

š

֦һӾίؿˣȭͷڼš
Сǻ㶼ˣ㻹Ž㣬֪֪һ˹꣬ܿģܺڵģ£㲻ߣ

ĿĿߣĴü̲סڻɪɪˡ
˵˲һֲһߡ

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ˣˣ㵽
ǼȻҡҡ׹ı߽ϣ̶ȵá

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š

˵޾ģ֦״ĵ׹Ӳдϣ
ǳ֮أʲôİ𣿡

ִ֦Ĳ궯ĽƽʽĺʧһƬעš
֦ܽӴֹͬʣݵġ֮֡ѹǾ޴ķкʹ尾

Ҫˣʱ䣬ȥºǿ

ʵˣоԼ״̬ԽԽˣȥٿ裬һԺҲûлˡ

ĹӰε֮⣬ڰ֦źڰļزʲô
С㲻ĻҸһȥɡ



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ǰͷѪ˺ۣûӮңʵֿ˵õĽ֣Ǻͱ˲һǼʹˣҲֲ
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صˮͷˮ˦˦ϵˮҪ֦˵ʲô

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ڼʵʱܷһ𣿡



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֦żĸ첲,ЦЦ,Ŀǽſ˫ͨЬ档
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֣诶ˣֻ֦վشΪԼƵģ˫óЬ૵ᴩЬ𣿡

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֦Ըǵõģֻ֮ĺá
Ըǵõģֻ֮Ļ

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ϲӣڵҲ֪òóԣȥʳпһǧˣ޵úܣ϶Եġ

á

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ǰºǸ¹ѩ,տĽֵЩ·ѩĽӡûУ۶ϵĿ֦ѹڵͰĳ棬ԱǿһͻһȦͷΧļҳЩµ̫̫ڳĻŵķһС

ǰʮ,ƿ,¥Ǽˡ

ͨ죬һſھͺûʲôס,һұڶû
֦ͷ˿,û˼ơ
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š

ѩӲ,ڽŵ׿֨֨,֦һȣ
Сĵ㡣
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С߲ˣ㱳ңòã
ŵ䣬ǣǻ㡣

֦˳ֱĺڳҵɢסֻ¶һغѪɫżͿţţᶨţԥţţڴš
ʱһִֻɫѪڲ԰׵Ƥѣ֦Ŀȷǳ۽ǡ
Ϊ۵ʪ

ã㱳ôΣͱһΰɡ

ãֻǶ㲻һ£һ£Ϊʲôǲԭҡ

ڼ۽ǷĦȥĵˮۡ

һ߿ޣһ߾ܾ֦СС󣬲ɫض㿪ΪԼ֡
߰ɣҷ㣬ߣԵġ

Ըȥ֦֦ٴΡ
Ըȥԭ֦֦жá

ʧǼٵģ֦ȻܿģԸ·ߵжѣǰжʹöûжһˡ
͹ˣĹˡ

ϤĻļôͽ䣬֦ÿһ̨ףЩۼҵشǸ˺ԼܣʹӹǷ˿˿Ƶ֦鴭Ϣʱ

𣿡ʡ
ۡ
ǣҵĽ㣬𣿡

֦ıǴ𰸣Լʱ˿ֻ̣뷴ʼһ䡣
Сҵã𣿡

֦ò˻ȥͼͬͬɫĴ¶Ųˡ
Ϊʲôûչ֦塣
Ϊ֦Ѽúÿһ֣ݵñɫһ԰ףɫɸɿݵĻɫҲܾûвˡ
Լչ˲ˣôоչ֦

˥ܵ¥ֵͲĵƹǵӰͶڰ߲ǽϣ̫ˣʲô壬ǵȻִͣڶԷϡ
һһ˿Цİ
һһ˿ĺޡ

Ǽͬʱ̾˭ûֱ⡣
ô˵˵
˺ˣһ꣬꣬κڴ˿̶Եö԰ףԴشţõ۾š
һ׷Ҹϵģһ໥ק͹ƽ̨׺խ¥ǾһĿˣ˷ֿߣЩ
ֿ˵ѪʹĸԸر˴ģܵץԷ֣سΪԷ޷ĸ

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Ű࣬пűŰ壬֦ǿӶԿףͱš˺üȦ֨һſˡ

ǿú󱳶ţײŰصʱƸס̧صƤǵĿɨһϤİϷӣնųصĲһһǰߵ֦ӲıӰϡ

ؼˡ
ǣڻؼˡ

ǰձɨҳζᣬȴճΪǵĺأƣ֦ڴǰǰľͷǼΪ໹ļҾߣľͷʴɢܳζ̼źһ֡
С򣬸ɵվﰡ

ڵǽ棬֦ҡҡͷվͺá

Ӱ̫ҪˣＸûвֵļ䣬֦ȻͿ˺֦ܶܶ
æι̷۵֦
ſССĴ̨дҵ֦
۵ͷ󺹸󷹵֦
ʱת֦
Ľʶֵ֦
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ǼͻȻԼ֦ʹĺ޴Ӻζ֦ȫõĽ㣬ʱûһ˿ĲϸѼ軵ˡ
ԵڳΪ˵ʱ򣬼Ҫ󡱽һҪ

ǣ˺Ͱˣչǲͬġ

ǴʹڰͰֻռУûзΪϵϵҪͱҪԽ֮ӣ̫ļˣ󰮵ıǰѶԷյ޷ʹమɱֱľһ˿ڡ

˵ȥϴɡ
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š

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ˡ
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Ǳ֦Ⱦˣ׵ѹ̫ˣͻȻͺޣؿ޳ʲôȻѹͷɹǽҡ
ζѪˮζ

ļĺΰΣΰΣۿҪˣ͸֧ߵ֦Ϊʲô֦Ѫ֣̿ʱˮ峺ģѪӾǱ˭Ⱦģ룬ɣѪǱ֦һ̳ѪҪ֦𣬿ﱻѪˮ˵˻ˣԼأһһ³֪ԼĽ֣עǳӵףϢʧһ̣֦ˡôܸͬ*᲻ˣȻ׼ңþȫҪѽоϰԻģ߬ס֣Цס촽޷˵غӵ׳

֦ںڰҵ촽Цסûǣֻֻˣ㲻Զҵģκξ
ߣü
Ҳߡ֦Цôذңôء

ãá

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ܾûˣϾݲһ̫㡣
żʣС㿴Ҵ𣬻᲻Եò̫ʽѽûǰ׼֪ʱӦȥ·ġ

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ţǵġ



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ϰ﹵ͨһϰ˸ܴĺɫڴȥⷿװ˼ҪֽǮ,,Ȼӻƿõİ׾ƣݸʱʣŮúñ־,˭ҵѽ

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ֵţ죬иСŮ˸ճڳԣòУһǸСŮŵˣûȣϣͱ˱ˡ
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ļסֱ֦ۣ˲û·ƵСֵ̫ˣʲô壬˼ҹĵƵĵƹΨһĹԴǰе·
ǲҪΪ·Я߹һĹ⾰ʱθǶϵǰ·

Сͬһˣ벻һı䣿
ţʣô룿
֦㽣СǺܺãкܶĶǵʱСʱ붼ĺãٺãǵļңԸĻǻɡ

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ǵģ֦˵ûֻļҡ
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ӦԶ

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֦˵ǵļ̫СסߵĻǿһѽǻһƯĻ԰ȵѩʱǾͿڻ԰һѩˣС㲻Ҫٰܵ۾ȥѩ˵۾Сܵѹġ

裬ҵ軹û
ǲֻ裿

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һǵãǣ֣Цڽ˵ʱĿǶ˵Ҳ㣬㰮ңҪ㡣
֦ζʮӵ·ϣǾͯĥѿྡ
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ǽһֻǵļңŹ˶ãǾͻٰһʢĻõ廨ǴŽ׻ɴļͷ

ǣΪʲôԽԽˣԽԽˣҸϲ֦ע⵽Ǵʱ˿վĵط
һǰ

̧֦ͷõ廨ɻɫֽǮһƬʮƬƬ̵ذ˵ĻþϳΡΡؼڼͷֽǮʱܲʵ˦ʲôණһ˦ϵֽǮŵˡ
̫ͯˣ̫ˡ

ôЦÿʼˡ

֦ˣͣҡͷĵڷǰļǰקĸ첲ҪקĿǻ˵Сǲ˵ҪȥΪʲôҪﰡ

ڻѩƬʪͷûȥ֦ʧص¹ȥΪ÷㣬ͷȻһЦ׵رŵµ֦סʱЦȻֹס֦ĲӣŤͷ춼ˡ
Ĺϵ֣Һúÿ˭ķء

ҪҲҪ

ΪʲôҪʲôţ
׵ذ֦ĹǰˣˣˣΪʲôԶµˣˣˣ˰

ʲôİü˼Լĸףͻˣ֦Լ÷ҲãҲգ˷ļʡ

㰮ȰҪö࣬ȱҵģ㣬㰡

ûУСûıѹ㣬ûС

ǿЦǰǺޣĵذ֦ԼС
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֦ڷѩģϣܹŹҪҸ߳Щ߰Ļ¶ģõģûЩ˺õ£ûģ֮ûй϶మһԽð
Ը۾ǿаǿԸԵʵذǰԣһӶ򿪼ŷĹš
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֦޴ɶ㣬Ĳӱúʹס䣬ȥʹĻ

һ̵ȵ̫ˣھưطһһĻڱȵˡ

֦ΪԼǳϣ˭˯˽ҵŮ
øڮٵ֦
ڴ֦Ǳӣ
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ݳǼ޷ĥںˣյýҫۣҫ۰ģıӺʹΪ߰ʩߣȴӿֻš

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Ǹ

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㣬˵Ǹ˵ң˵㰮Ұ

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Բһر߳ǣʵһ˻ģһһŮǷ졣

֦۾ﶼǿ־壬˵ƭԼĹֻһСѣǸȺºͻҪССѣչӦõģӦõġ
һһٴΣͺºһǶҵϲҲǲһģºرģ첻ᣬջ˺ºԶջ죬ΪǾҳϵģԶᱳңˣ֪ܶͼģ
㲻Ҫܵغ
֦棬ҪˣʲôˣҪס䣬Ҫɶؿţ

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һẰװģš

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ʲôܵأltpҾͲltpɶǽӰҵİǸѧİ

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ô룬ôĹײ
͸֧ҲҪ߬ġ

˵㷢ˣȥ㣬һҹĶŸô׸ҪҲŵģҪһȥģ̫ˣ鷳ôҸʲôʲô㲻ͲǲǶѹ𣬹
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㻹ڹǰңʱӦþúҸɣ֪֪Դ׵ģǿ϶ҪģһôأȻñȶһ򱶵ķʽѽ

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ΪʲôֻᶶôΪûš
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һ磬ǵͷһ𣬼ֿ֦ͷİ׷ˣƬڻѩʪ֦ʪܵģվ
ѩǳҲκһɡꡣ
֦Լ

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һ룬ͬʱĿׯϵĹʱ֦ڼ¶ѹһǣݵضӲЦЦȻ۾˺Լ½󣬹õĲӣȥ

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ԣԵġ
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һƬİףӲ촽͵ĿȺͲһеȡѹӭĴ˺·Ҳ˺·ķǰڷѩģߣһ
۾׵۾ζŤϣѩΪǱһ㱡ѣɬݺύĺǼϢȻķӿֹͣ

ơ֦ݼ䴭Ϣૡ

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һĸʱ۾ǵò񻰣תͷã඼̡
ҪҪµҲҪ

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裬మˡ

ǽ㡣
á
Ǵ治
Ǵ治
Ǹ
Ǹ

ΪԷѣһһƿ׾ƣվ˫÷ֽһѩҹ￪ʼתһ֧衣

ǱѩҪ񣬴ҵ貽ɢֽǮĻҽĳ˲ͬʱͷһںҵľƣͷʱ֦ĶͷײǣûдӺ伷ʹƵģһЦ
ǳԽ׳˵£νԵĴģ֧׼ȥҲ׼δ裬ȻڱѩУ˫Ȼӡ

ƿҩһǰһ·ͳ

ͷ֦ЦһγԼƬ
֦ضЦƬ
ûһζƬġ
𣿡
ţ

ŲõģҪ֦ƬҩžƣƬҩȥ
˵ҪҪƬ
ɵϡ

ѩδվֽңڼЦ˵Ҫ֧һֱͣȿֺҩҾƣֱˣҲվסˣŵѩ

㡭
ţ
еˡ
Ǿ˯ɡ
˯ˣǾһˣȻԶֿҲֿ

ͷ֦ϣսٵ磬Ӳʱһǻرڻ

㣬㣬㡭

㣬Һð㣬ð㣬úñңǲֿˣҲֿˡ

߳ǣǿûϵԸƶ˶¹طԸҲǽԸ

֦ɢûбϣ鿴ã̫źˣ̫಻ˣɵƮѩΪһ׵ļ¡
Цˣͻˡ
Сԭ½𣿡

Ǽѵһȣþһ˿ָ׽ڽ㲱ϵĽָ

ã׽ã.ס

㣬׽ã.ס



156 
ҿԾСϰﳯܹ,źöˣϰǣų嵽ǰ档
뺰һ,һܣҰ첻ˡ
ʶԽƮԽԶ,ۡһ,ǵĿ

СӤ׹ص

ұʿӲİСŮ,ĸݣɫƵ,һܳԲ
ңҵѹ
ҧţûжҡ

½½м˹,ϣֱҩζˮζζиֵζ,Ҷϲ,ҿ޵ø
û취ңҵĿûͣ,ΪѰһζ
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ȻҾһֱǸ

ÿ춼һ,ʱ,,ʱſϣǶ,˵һЩĻ
Һż޵ø
ԽңԽޡ
üë潥ü壬촽úܽˣڴϲܣڴԱߵϣѺҡ
΢΢
ûһʲôûƿιңҳھˣζҲϲ
ˮˣûζ
Ե̡

һ죬ҳţҿһҲСӤĸױڻﲸ飬˱Ե㵸ɿˣʵҺƿԵİɡ
ƽʱιҳԵģҲǴطġ
ΪʲôСӤԵôģȴԲʲôζ
϶Ϊûֱιң

òƽ⣬ҲԵǸСӤһ̡

ҿʼϺûҵǸĵط
Һʧ䡣
ȴһһȹϵĺƻҪ졣

ҳ֣Ϊʲô˵趼ܲԼĺӣҵġ衱ȴܲҡ
˼ϸ壬֪Ҫʲô˵Ҳ裬Ľ㣬ԲԼĺӣ㲻ܲԼá

Ŷԭ
ҵĽѽ

Ծ͵öֻɥһƿûζ̣ȻŽ壬룬ﻹûйɡ
ʲôˣͿ貸һˡ

ϧˣöˣͽҲӦÿűСӤ貸ʱҽؿˮ
ǲԵġ
ҵøĵ̬һĻë

ȴ˲һ

巢ˣÿһغ˵۾ֹסǴ飬һ꣬ҵˡ
ղܵ塣
ʹ֪ǲԵģұ񫡣
ÿ춼Ŭʮֿ꣬ûʮ꣬һκֿʱһû

ҽ䲻񫡣

ɷϵǣһ·ʺҵˣ˵Һܹ˳չȥĻֻҪϦദϲġ
סϲ͡Ҳһһԡ

ҼǵãΪԵʣžľظңҲǵãǸСŮҲҪչ˵ıСС֣оٳңֵͯꡣ
ҼǵãԾããҶ˹Ͷܺ껹ߵ˶ܺãҲǵãҸãһõˣᣬ˼˵ĸܣ̫̰ģ̫̫գҵ˽
Ҽǵãںమʱҳȥͱ˸ҲǵãҲϲŭֵˣֻ˰ɡ

ҾǹȥǵҲ֮һһ໥̽ĴվĽǶȥȻǵ֪˼붼ͬҸܲĸܣÿһԼֻΪȥ˺ʹһΣʹһٴΣʹһΡ
̫ˣ̫ʱƣҶĻ׳棬˽ȫߣ׾پҲжΪ

ʵе㺦¡
Ҿôԭ᲻ʮһԭ֮󣬸һʹĴ
ѾСˣһΪ˼ǣÿһ˶ò˵ˣӦԭӦøͺõʱ
ϤĻ氡
ʮ꣬ߵˣҲôȰҵģȷʵҲôˡ
أ
ҵõʲôأ

ԣƭѣᣬʹ࣬ĥҵģȫǰ
Ǿˣҵ۾ѵҵ׻Ҫôн͵ġҵĿԣһжᡱ

ʮ꣬Ϊ߳ˣȴˡ
ʮ꣬Ϊ߳ˣֻˡ

ҵﲻÿھưȺȾƣ裬ѹ˾ͳԼƬҩһ£Ҳǿ԰ⱲӰȶȹġ
ģҲٰκһˣҲûϵÿ춼һȶġˡ
Ҳκռҳ¶ܰȡ
ٹʮ꣬ʮ꣬ҴҲЦ˵Ұһӣ

ʵ׽Ūˣһΰߡ

仯ö࣬ȴǰ˳ңĥ˵Ҫʱһû뵽
ʼֻǱһ̬ңõĺ̳ͬʱҲҶǵİĵһʰ
ȷʵˣҲԼȥˡ
ǻá
εҽԺµòУˡ
ˣһһ

ҽԺҵ̬ȷ΢ı仯ƣؿңߣˡ
ôȥˣֲܡ
̳θ
뱳һ͵͵
ҺһٴΣְһһΡ
ͬ˽ףֻҪúûţҾ͸á

ûƭ˵õʱá
ҪúûֻҪúû
ǵĸ̫ˡ
պֻҪƭһΣ֮ƴ˴յξӾͻˤϡ顣
ѡģٱ˺Ҳһãҵġ
ˡ

Ҳӳˣǻõģλġ
롣

ϧǵĸ黹ûüλûüؽһ԰ǰ
ҿһͱܵƬ
Ƭ
ҿģҲƬ

ΪʲôôɣÿһΣĵˡ
Ҹô˵Լء

һƭˣһûԭʱ

Сʱһ裬ȥۣʣ治ģҪôһΣҲԼȥ
ѹסʱ׼Ҳô棬ҲɳĬĬﻮһ޷ġ
ãַӣ䱩׽ûаȫУһڴһʧ

ҺҫۣԼӡ
Ұ̳ҲԼµ

ʱ䣬ҳҩԽԽˡ
ҿܣòˡ

Һ֮䣬ѾŲε⣬Ҳȥƽô࣬Ϊĺۺˡ
ұжĥԼж
ʲôء
Ҳûʮ꣬ͷˡ

ΪʲôҪôִôŤذһˣ
벻ͨ

һе㲻ġ
ĺ֪ҵж
ԭƭͱѣ

һصºǵϷڴϵʱ͵͵·İҩ֪һ˯žҪҩ
ҲҪֻҪһжĴ𰸣Ȼһʹ󳹵ʧȥҵû

ѩ̫ˡ
Ըˡ

һеذңͬҲһеذ

ҺÿģҲѹ

ģȫûеʹ졣

ҲҪģʲôֻץøһЩȷңңҡ

ǣôͰˡ

룬ƴ롪

ǴСͱϡǲమıǩ
СøַʽңҵãҶ㣬ֻ飬ûа顣

ݰһʼǱ԰ΧģҴӲ¼ҡжٵңûҰҰ̫ֻ̫ˡ
ںڰĵط˺ĥ̫ãڵǿʱһӿֻţҴëõҪ
ֻаҵ˽ҲŻаȫС
һҵƿأҾͻʧء

ȲģΪңңǨңΪȺԵòô࣬ŻҲġ
Ҫ㶼Ҫһһʲôɿֻŵء

ҫ۵̫еˣҷҪֻżùҡ

ûôҡ

ҫۣΪأ

ӦкܶѣӦôϲƯѣ磬ֵðˣȻҵʱҫ۵Ĺ⻷ҡ

Ұҫ۵Ȩ

Ұġ

ǷԸԭ
֪Ҳ㣬Ըԭ𣿡

ңˡ

ǣˣˡ

ֻۡһСӤ׹ص

ұʿӲ׼İСŮʱ롪

ҲԸ˽һɡ



157 ޵ýĺ
ʱ,ǰվ˺ܶˡ
֣诣£Ҷ˹,ܺ,Ծ,Σ,ϫԱϵĽ,ˡ
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ǳҩ,˾ƣӦ
Ϊʲôû
ΪʲôǶֱ

ֻһûп֦

أ

͵۽ʧˮ䣬ڴ,ǡ

أ

ôˣ˭ܴȥ

ѹʲô

Ϊʲô˵

˵

ǿżܵ,׷׵ͷȥ˭ڡ

廹ҪŲ´
ؼʱ,֣վ,ס˫,ر˱
С,֦֦ûѹ

֣读뿪θ,ȫûϴθʹУץ֣诵֣ʧʣ裬ôѹģҳôలҩôƣϴθôܻѹ

֣读ǲͬ˵ȥĨȥ۽ǵᡣ

Ͻӣʱ䶼ڿֻжȹʲô޲ޣڵĿֻţȫԵ΢

ᣬˡ

ӣƵԾҩԾķ
֦ҽҲǷƬֵ֦ҽԾʶ˽йϵ
˽֣˰ҩ֦ܾöûùҩ
ҪƵļ
Ծʹ£ֻ˵ǺͺˣģҲĦ͸
Խͳãڼҩ

Ծ˸ۣ˵ǻºˣʱͲ̤ʵһСʱ˺ˡ
ڼңȴڣԾܵСϰ֪˺ܶƷ˴·Ĺأֵڵϵǣʱ͵ҽԺ

Ȼºô죬ˡ

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촽̾˿

һ˫߬½ǣܣ͵͵ҩˣԵòƿҩΪʲôû£ôû£

ֳĬˡ
ΪѾˮ桪

ڼҩ֦ʱ֦ˣȻ֦üע⣬ְҩˡ

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ֻ֦Ͻ֦

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󺰣ѹˣô죡

ֻҪܡѹҲҪֿˡ

εðɣȥɣڸڷ䡣

˿ܳȥļӺûиеĵ֮һܺİŹϺ̷˵øʲôƵġ

Ծһѣѽ㣬ݵ治
ԾһЦҲ˭ѧ
Ҷ˹֪˵˭ǸЦûĵģͼǵǸʦǵʦˣ
Ծһԭء

³治ңϣңǻû£
Ҷ˹Ц
Ծ̧̧°ͣλСѣҪ˵¼ˣҿ϶ͷʦ
һ죬ǲһƽǶǰˣҸҲ¡
µ٩㲻Ƕ̸𣿡
ѽûе£Ǽٵģٵôܻϲҡ

ɲҼϲء
֮ͳĬԵͻȻһ䡣

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һôطվϣ֣վ˭Ҳ˭ıߣ͵ԷѼӶӲ
˭ȷ

쳤̾ǰɣ
֣诲ؿ
°ָͷˣæ֦¶˰ɣ۳Ҫˣǰͷˣһǲǣ

֣诺ͬ˭һԣ

һЦ

ꡭ
ܺһеģͯƵſڣûſС¼ȻĳǣǾ¶ˣ

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ϫ½㣬˵ʲôأ㿴г˫ɶԵģ

̧°ŬŬ֣诣ŬŬ
ͬʱɹʱ±Ǽ⣬㬱졣

ûһְĿͶ˽ĽκͽΣ˵һô°ͿǲϵĻ
֦ǽãҲǽðǻһأ׽మǡ
ʳָһ𣬴¡
Ҳܰ

Щ걻֦ĥˣʲô׵ĸ鶼ܽˡ

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һۣͷŤһߡ
ܲסǸŵģ˸ۣԸĻҲǲԡ
Σ㡭

һЦ𣬿ſڵܺ꣬ݰݣҰݰݣС

ÿмˣȺ˲ܾ۵һ𣬱ôһ֣Ҳûôˣ»ص֦ϡ

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һĻ磬һĻôˡ
ô϶
ҵҽԾһ䣬Ҳ˭ѧ
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±Ҳˣп̸һôҲ̸Ƶġ

⻰˵ҵĿϡ

˵ˣˣǸģˣôҸ£ɾ͸Щ˵޹ˡ
֣ʱʱͶŪûڣϽ˵Ǿɢ˰ɡ
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ϫʣ

»һȦң˸ָߣ칦ȥ

ã

ֿʼþ鸴ȼģһҹģ׽ɶɶɶģǧ򶼵øҾƺ԰


£ҹ
£ҵ޶ȵġ
£㣬


ϲõЦݣھ֦ʱĬطŲͷӣϢ뿪ˡ

֦Ҫǵʱʱڡ
֦ҸʱǻڲͬĵطĬĬףǡ

ǼѣҲ֦ѣۼ֤һ·ж࣬ǵҲΪ˽˴£ǿྡˡ
ͬô࣬ѾˣǼˡ
ЩԵĴģŴѾͣµǳѩΪֹɡ
վڸԵϣŹͬǾǡ

֦ôˣúûȥúҸȥ

-

ƭúòҡ

ϵļڲһ֦޵ӶʪһƬ

㻤ĻʿüΣ޵ôңüҪ˵ࡪʵ֦Σˡ
Ѵȵ۲ס

ѹ𣿡
⣬˻ʿö顣

˵
ʿһһΪѵ˵

侲ˣʿ׼ȥռ䡣

ͻȻڣɬ˻ƣһ±һ֧ʹ𣿡
ãԵȡ

Ӻ󣬼̯±һҳǣֽ֦֣д£

ҿԾСϰﳯܹźöˣϰǣų嵽ǰ档뺰һһܣҰ첻ˡʶԽƮԽԶۡһǵĿСӤ׹ص

ּбŤÿһʶľ
ǧ֣д˺ܾúܾãдһ䣬Ҫͣúÿһ֦˯ݣʪֽҳοּ
ֻĴ֦¶ȣֲô֧ⳡûлӦߡ

ڣ͵Ĵͷơ
ִڵĳ˺ڰ

ûһһɿַ֦֣֦Ħ±ݣѾŨصĿǻ顣

ҲԸ˽һɡ

㣬𣿡

㣬㲻Ǻܳ㲻˵ж࣬㶼ᶪ𣿡

ΪʲôҪװɵΪʲôҪװʲôΪʲôǲۿң

㲻Ըԭ𣿡

޴ı߬סģͷǽյ˫ϣҲѹֵڼžĲ
ԼҪޱ޼ʵĵȴﱻֻ˺ˡ

һ̡

֦ۿܾõûס˳۽ǻ䣬ѵѵĴ伷
ޣ޵ýĺۡ



158 ԽĽ
߱ɫ˳ɻɵ,ˮϢ̵̾ڿĵ໤ǹɵġ֡ڼž޷Ŵ󣬻ߵࡣ

ŵ̧۵,Ϊǳֱֻģ߶֦˫ۡ

ѹֲסʽҪ,Ȼֹ,㡭

֦ﲼѪ˿̧û,ط۽ǣȥǹ̵ˮ

ָ֦ⴥƤɲ,Ǹµңױѣ޴ί,ʧõĿϲѹֵʹ࣬л̫õĹ¶˲еķߡ
ɤ񱻴ֲڵɰֽסۡ
,,һΪ㡭

ԣԡ

һôԡ

,ǽĴ,֪,޲ˡ

һһҹĵļ尾,ʵԹ벻⣬ʮ꽻֯ŰԹĸ,ĵ׵һҵйĳڣȴޡ
Ҳ֧Ųס·ҵĺӣ͵˽ǸϤ־ΥĻ
ļҵز̵ˮʪ֦ǰĲŷ

֦廹ͻѹ΢΢һΣսֱۣرס
ظʪͷ׾ȴϧ
ǾͿްɣ޳ͺˣء

İڻļ޵øף·ҪЩܵȫк
һҵĲƽϢ
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ҧгݣԵøйһ˵ţһȴʶͱһȫ֦·ϣǳʵؽţ˿ûҪ뿪˼

֦ãۿˮ˿ھ˳԰׵
ôôأ
Ǵһ߳䣬ޱߺڰجǸǿغö꣬˰ĮԵãôͻȻؼǸССΪ˶ŵô޵СŮأ
ʧõ׽̫ӿ̫ʵѣΰܳһ˿ãȻһУ

֦գۣʵˮ̰ġüۣҧĴꡭ
һһȷϡⲻΣǽȴޱȵ£ʵʵڵӵġ
ţûߣǻлᡣ

ã㻵ǻ
֦ʣȴݡ

С޻ȥЩ̵ۣĿڼϣ޾
ٿޣɾСèˣÿˡ

һ仰ͰѼסˡ

ûô޹ˣôſ֦еҲססЦң

ûУûء
֦ҡͷ

֦ĨĶӣָһҪ۽ģøʲôƵġ
֦Цеؿ
ʱѰղ˵Щ޳ǸӣƤҪˣ޵ݵЩڡ
ͷŤһߣһϵֻεؽž

ǸǸ㡭ȺúϢɣҳȥǻڲڡ
ǣ
šĿƣ뿴ֲ֦̫ȥ裬£ν㣬㣬ġ
һ򣬼۲֦ɫ
֦лһóó̾Ϣ
ҵġֱ

Ƿŭµļְ֦ģΨзԹޣѾļЩƬʰƴ

֦Ƿ峺η̹ϣĿڴۡ
ĬãõΪῪˣڣѣʳÿһֶС
ǡ

ٵģǼٵģҺν㣬ͷ죬;ưЩ߰ˣʲôûзûнҲûкͱûн̤ȫϷ㿴ģͷβֻһˣֻǡ
Ƿ̹ϵ޴ίܸ߳ûͷ

ֻǡֻ̫ˡ

Ȼ֦ʲôˡ

˯ʱЩ϶ڶߵĿߣ𣬹Ȼǻþ

֦۵̧֣ʹȥԴʹ˫ʢʹ۾Լӡ

Ȼ͸Ӳˡ

ں֦ϣǴģ޵úңҪȫķŭ
ڰ֦ϣİÿÿ֦̻¶ĵǲ֣˵ЩͷεĻʱܻ쳣ŤѾΪŮ˵¶СŮıŤ

֦̫ΰСŤϸ˵СԸ˵Щĺܿģ㣬ģҲģΪˣ˺㡣ңҪҪԭ㣬˵ҲҪ

Ϊʲô

ĻŻûֳ֦ЦŰӵ뻳

ΪûʲôѽҵɵãĶңΪʲôҪԭأԭµģҲŶ԰

һӾͱжòУɬֻСʱȭͷһһش֦ͷ
˵ˣ˵Ҫˡ

֦ŶһöСӵ˵ýȥĻͿްɣʹޣޣҿ̵ģ˾

ͷ̧һָס֦Ĵ˵Ļ

ְ֦һأþȫñúܽܽ·ҪЩʧʱ⣬ĿǷʧõϲãעӵ
лл㣬Ըԭ½㡣

*ͷҪˣ֦ϤģŨҩˮζĻϢȻǣͷǳɽᣬȻɶˡ
ǻԹίǿĲɵĻ飬ε̳ɢڿС

֦ɿֱʱ͵̧ͷںǻõ·һ׺֮ӯУþΥɡ
֦ˮݹ㲣ȴʵӣŻ飬ذעӡ

㣬ԭԭȥˣˣҲˣǶˣȻǾͳͷǣⱲӣ±ӣ±ӣҲֿˡ

ⲻ󣬶ԡ

˵㻰֦˸Ө⣬ȴ
˭˵˭ͺ
֦Ц۽ǻ飬Ϊʲô
һΪǸˣܿҪһûжԷ磬̫ˡ
֦ۡ̾Ц磬С˵úе
Ȼ˵

ˣľȻȻðˡ

֦˴Ķͷ㰡ʲôʱܲôС

ü֦ͷһƤһѵˮǣصȵ֦԰׵Ϸ˵ĺΡ

㰡ʲôʱܲô죿

š֦һЦҿܺ

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ʮ֣꣬说ߵļʮ꣬´ߵļûжʮһ꣬ԽĽᣬڻصߵļ
꣬δ˿㱥

ǲԼͬ⿴ȥڴϵĴ߷羰ڱΣܿģһƬδ֪ʡ
￪ŵƣǺܰɫ϶ġ

ȴǣɺã㣬ð

֦ջĿ⣬ĵЦǻȲؼֻʣºͬİĬҸâ
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159 һϴ
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֦һ߶ڿʲô飬˵һЩרҵ

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