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˿ΪСԱѱμۣĸҸŮѣеŮӦһÿʣ⻹˵С˭Ҳû뵽ؼҵˣǸȫȻ෴Ը񣬲ÿʣ⣬Сֻһˡ
ף̴ȦףƾһѺɤӺڳ˵ʳΪ̳Ĵңģ˼ɡ
һ죬˿ȥμۣ˵ǣǣ˴ҫ۶Ŀ̫
ִx
ռ࣬
΢-Ϊ
һƭƭҰɡ
ﴩС˵ͬͬյĶ񶾷ɣŮԼԱ򳤵úʹмƣʧŭĴ˵ƽɺ޷ֻ֮ƾ豾ְݼŬڹͰĸо
ɱĮȱ٣Լڣȴ뿪סǸСԱκζһ˿һ㼣
俴СԱͱ̸ЦȴڿʱȻתܾ֮Բ
û֪ϵĶ³˽Ǹ޹뿪ҹҹһڱ޵ڶ첻òīȥϰࡣ
Ҳû֪жϲǸοԼڵҳ棬˵ֻ绰ȥҪǮҲãҪʲôãֻҪϲƭҲá
л᳡

ݱǩжȦճ
һ仰飺ҵģ
⣺Ŭǰܾǰ


1 
ѣԼģ
ս㣬һźɫͦװģŮ˷һݺͬ߹
ױûжˣƮ򵽻ʰæ㵽
Ȼƹȥֶ֪ķţεĺһ㣬ͬ޴롣
Ȧƾˣһۿݼ඼ǩ˳С𣬽ԷԼѾʮˣҪ̸ŮѣҵԾĲУһֱɿڣºˣ˼˽½˸۵ĻյͬʱһͻһͻģֱģһӶȲˣֱȥѽĹ˾ץˡ
ڿſȣһһ
һ·ڿ˵ͷЦˣЦġ
һֱߣѺͬӣɫײУ͸Ҫ˶˵񣬴ѿߵʣҲ֪뷨
СȥѣԷһ޿֪סˣ±۹ʣֻÿ˵ѽ˵Ѿͬˣȥϵһ£ҲǺǱϵ֪֮㲻ͬġ
ԱͿ̸ûô࣬ΪҲǺعȼƻһ֣û뵽ѽ㺦˲ǳ
ɶʱŭĿѣҲίźĴ꣬㣬ҵǩԼ˾ʱʹˣ˵˾˽ģֻҪͺˡ
߷߲ƽ룬̸֪ĻҲŲǩأ
Ҵõͣ϶ҪҶ󰡣
һ˼ûǿѹŭʣ͹˾𣿡
飬СƱƣҲ˵Ҫ̸𡣡
ѵ㱨
ޱ飺ûͬ⡣
Ĺ˹ӣ˵αϣ˵Ա̸Ҳģ⻹ͬ𡣡

ƻȥˣͷۡ
ڣܲܲҪԣ̸ôˣǰҲ̸Ǻúõ𣿡
һ޹ίüͰ͵ģҾ̸ҾŮѣ˾˶̸Ҳ̸
Խ˵ԽоԼҪίըˣƾʲôǶܺͶۣһÿγȥԷǻҪ˵һ䵥QAQ
̣ѻסˣСƽϣĳͣǲһڣ̸ʧ˿ģҵĶĸȦλǸߵģҲһṩԴģȻͬ⣡
ѣ
ⲻǰ
ֻѾֱ˵ˣ
ѾǱߵĵ˵ˣҪǷڵĻ˵Ӱڱġ
Ǳ߿ܶÿλαǵҺˣ׼Ҫ;ڣȥȻӰȦ
ҲǺԭ
ֱһۣŲӲҿʵ͵͵ȹ֭
ôŮ𣬺úϷĥݼ϶֮·̸ʲô󣬶ֻӰҵ
ȶȸ߾Ӳ£е۲ڲͬۡ
Ϣһ˲ˣջûʼ¼ƣѾʮˣҲյ֡
ڶ뿴֣뿴ĸǻμ⵵գ˵һ£˭ԸԼ̰ڷ˿ǰ㲻þҪһȡ
ֻǸˮգ뵽ǣСѸС磬ǧ˿ȥ¾ˣⲻѪˡ
һԣ˸ݼŮѣԼԴֳȥ
룬ɾһڣ˶ˡ
ȻⱲӣԣ
ֺõЦЦþͺƯЦܽ˸оůյˣǿƽһ˿Թ
㣬ҶǱ˵ˣȥɣμⲿգܲҵŮѣҶĽ𣿡
ǹ̸ܲѾۺܾˣ㽨ʮ̸ʱ˿ȺڸȹˣӰСһˣڶ̸ˣҪ̵ʮꣿ
ʮ껹̸ʲô̸ഺ٣ãôһ
Ѽͬ⣬ʱ˴̨鶼û
һ̸ֲҲǸ̸ԣҪ̸ǰϷҿ
ԼС˰Ѫ֪Ȧ̫¿
ƽﰮЦ챻˵һ٣ҲЦˣüԼСüβ֪֪ˣҲôˡ
ŲŮأȻҪá
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͵͵дִģ֪дôһ£ΪʲôҶһ¡ⱾСķ[ͷ]һд̸̸[]


2 
ǩ˺ͬѱ˶۾㣬һҪһףƢã˵ģԺͷ˿Ӱķչ
⼸ö䶼ˣҵͷԼͣ˵ɶûá
㻹һΣΪο
.
Ķ㡷ǹ׵ֱۣʽ֣ݸùһȻϺüҹضز
ף̴ۣ
̳´ۣ
Ů̸ӣ
ۣ
ôԱջ̸
Ķݣ
۰᲻һĻף̴λ̳궥Լղ꣬ȶȲСѡ
ף̴ͲС̸˿ǿҲ⣬ѵķ˿ͲˣᣬջһѣúӪҵȡһ¥μʲôۣ
˿ֵĲɿҲжţɴɾ΢۲ΪԱƾƷ˵ֲcpƾʲô̸QAQ
ȥյ·ϣٴνӵԼҾ˵ĵ绰
ΪҪԼһЩ߰Ļû뵽ԷȻһ̬ף̴ʲô
ף̴ĺÿÿһź̺նǷĳ̶ȣдĸ贫Ҳܸߣ⣬ѵȻ֡
Ҫ˵
ʵҡͷûʲôֲʶ
˼ҶûһأμӵĻҲ࣬ʶôĸ֡
ǣҵ˼ǣһμۣ˴ˣף̴Ⱥȡһʲô𣿡
ˣ˼
˲Сͨ죬רҵʱ֪Ȧżʣ뿿ʵû
㣬ҵԧף˼ôôƯĸ֣ôܿңϲһŮ
ճʱף̴ȾԸ߲ʵȻͽȻͬ
ɸ֣ԼЦĸɵNһϲһŮǷˡ
͸ģ֪Բ߷߹˵绰
ѰһֻﴫҶϵίľ˾죬ߺߣЦôˣЦŮã
ôһ룬̲סٶ
û̸Ҳǵһβμۣδ֪ָоܻ졣
ĿΪˡĶ㡷ⲿգһֱ³ʼ㡣
ѵְҵԱóӾͷҲֵĺȻԼӳ΢ĳ֧黨ǰοյĲɫ֯ɫȹЦģˣ˿ʮл
ֱз˿أһԼϲ˳Ļ
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Ȼǣһ˵еҵİɣŸջ̸Ҳ
⻰һ˿һͨ
СԱǰ̸զˡ
Ǿǣ̸أôϲȥǰ
϶ͳһˣѷ۵ѷۣµĶǴһʼŵѡ簮ķ˿׼ýڵĻΪ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪Сѻʲô˵Ůѡ
۳Сѣĺǡ
¥סڣ⻰ǿɲ˵ҪСкڣ
Ƿ˿ԸԼϲǸʣһ£˵ʵһҾҪˡ
ѶԴһ֪ı䵽Ŀĵء
򿪴ţһƬ԰˳ʯ·߲ǿ
һ˶ûУȻǵһġ
ַ˿ۺôưһǰǰ
ǰĸ˵꣬𾯸档
УС
Ů̫ˣԹŮһֱò
ѵԺûˣתһȦʹ˵Ҳ쵽ˣɳϵˡ
Ŀرɳرҵˡ
쿴籾磬ܿ˯Ϯ
Ƥһһǵģûü˯ڶλα͵ˣæк
ڶλԱͯǳ۹ʱǵȡҲˣžУ˼ԽԽţͬҲǺҪرܵ¡
½μյǶˣַк
Ѵִһ٣ʮأλˣλŮͬˣͬûС
ղˣ˵ǵݱȦͬɧŹӴ˶ͬԶ֮
ѣ
Ҳһ޷˷ɡ
ţͬȡΪŮŮαǰսֱ̧ۣͷȥˣʶ۾Ҳ䣬켫ˣܡ
˶е죬粱ŵĸټңʵ˽Ըÿʣرѣ뵽Ϲһʣǲǻû
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ֻǵͷȻЦתƻ⣬Ҫȥһ
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ಽ棬̾ϣҪҪԣ
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ֵƽ׽ˣҲûʲôӣڷ˵˵ЦЦ죬̽ԷȡԼá
ʱźȻƿȷˣȥҲſȥһvСɫ䵭Ůſڡ
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ȷӦЦһ˫첽ӭȥ˳ֽӹԷ䣬ĴкףʦɣڳϣкõģҪҪҲһ飿
ոջñ˱ʦأԼˡ
ٺ٣Ǵ󹴹ôò
ף̴Ŀˣ΢ɫڶԷϣЦݲã㲻Ĳԣ΢üƬŲ뱾Ϊãҵķġ
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л˵
СѼ
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3 
֪仹ûʼѡף̴ֻɳϡ
ҲѰںõġ
ɳֻˡ
˼״׷վʺã˷ܵĴš
ѵһνǲϲ벻׽ƣҲ̾һ覴öûС
ëó۾ҲƯֲķ˿˵ǣ
ףʦҪҸеġ
һ飬̵ϡ
ף̴䵭ݹǾΪ˻˽¸ǩģԸ⣬ɫºֻͣ͸һ޵ľ뵡
ã㲻ùҡ
ѡ䡣
Ưףӣ죬ɫѩֻǾǣĻѾһȺ˿ʼˣգŮֱգ
СǸ֮Сѱ֡
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¥ϼһ
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ʦҽƣһ֣ƽʱرĽʦû뵽ܼˡ
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ѼһֱԱʾ⣬飬Ťͷȥ˫Ưǡǡöϡ
һ㶣Ц䣬ǣȻĽӹͷǵҽףʦãԱѣϷˡ
ף̴ȵͷջߣԼɫָ⣬֪㡣
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ܳףʦ֪ң
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ף̴ɨ˻ܶİһۣ֣ûС
滰Ը˵ƱϾԱһʱеƲסϵı飬Ρ
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4 
ͬĻף̴Ȳ˵һ飬Եϸһз꼫ˣȴ⣬ذָָһ䡣
˿ȥһƯĹɫ۵ģͷ˺üֻޣͬۡ
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ԭȦҲС̫˹
Һܸ䣿
ף̴Ѹٴҵص㣬üʡ
ԵǸֵĶϲȴһ۴һȺ￴һġ
˵ϲ˵
黨˻Σǣصͷ԰Ȧ˶˵ףʦܸ䣬˵
ʵ˵ദֻžͷ˵̴˺˲Ź֡
Ӧѡ
Ŷ
Իãף̴̫ǿˣǰǲΣѹģҲһ㡣
ף̴ҪȲȲ裬ȵĻһڸǡ
Ǿ͸ǣŻŵġ
ˣףʦҵķ仹ûأȥһ£ѽ
ĬĬȥ΢Ūָ⣬װ⣬ͷš
ˣʱְ˺һֻöĸף̴ȼֻת䡣
ӳˣʼˣġ
˭Сȴ绰
¥ϵģСûʲôѣ϶Ǿ˽ĵ绰
¥̫ˣҲòϣϸСȻûʲôѡ
ף̴ȵľý㣬Լ˲Լˣ˿Ĳֻڸף̴Ƚ۵ʱһ١
쵽緹ʱף̴ȲŴÿſͣ˼룬ɫ򴽣û˵ʲô
ꡱһźȻƿ
̧ۿȥǡǵ˭ˡ
ףʦҲ¥Է𣿡
òȻǵãǵͷá
˿ڵĻNɪˣ˭˭˵ŮûòģվŮ̫òˣ
˵
Ҿ˵Сȿҽģˣ̫˶ѡ
ףʦҲ¥ԷһȥɣҿСѺѾˡ
Լ
ѵ֣ף̴ƯڵͫŶ˶ǵãǲŸʶĵʼͬͬˣ
Ϊ棬ԶԱҲ޷
һ緹αֻͳ¾ܸǴ֡
Ҳʲôˣո԰治žͷ棬ֲɻ׷׵ͷͬ⣬Ϻһޡ
¾һϤҲĿ꣬ʾæʾҪΡ
ף̴Ⱥ¥ľڲǰ죬ڳ
ףʦ
ȷģһϲæվкףʦͲˣС˵Ҫء
Զڳˣæҥҿû˵˵ףʦѼѣ⽴棬ǳ𣿡
̧ͷһЦ΢΢ʪȴġ
Լ˾Եģлһ
ף̴ȶ˵ͷ̧ȹȥϸ߸Ьûש˵һͽ˳
ǸС
ĵ»ǳˣŮ㣬Ѿȡ򣬻֪ܵĴ
ô˵Ƶķ˿Ȼɣף̴ȵķ˿ô𣬹ȻûòСֻǿһ¿ЦѵҪף̴ǲŸ𣿡
ŶΪʲôԼѿЦҲԼѴкʲôòΪ
Ʒ˿
粵Ҳ˵ǣˡ
л˵
һո[]


5 
̧ͷЦЦƢʵףʦ𡣡
ովˣûףʦӦ档
ף̴ȶԳʲôûͷҲûʲôҪڳ͹һ
ܽһףʦԼռõĵױһõǰС㿴ҵĵôòÿ
Ѱĭİæ֮лͷһۣĬƬ̣ʵϵе㽹ˣĵһûѾܲˣһҳԡ
˵ˣһӿһС˵ҪԣЦСѣҺá
βתʮ˸䣬Ƶġ
ף̴ȿ΢룬ֻμգҲһҪҸ̸ֻҪ¼ȥѾ㻹ˡ
ĻӿһЩcpۡ
оСѺܺô
ܶСѺ⣬кøеġ
дͶƱ𣬿Ƕ˭֪ˡ
äܸСѡ
ұȽϺף̴Ȼ˭
Ѱɣֻ˵
̴ǣҥҥ
ףʦҪԼ嵰һҲһ
˵Ļѣܼĵ̫ѿˣף̴Ȳԡ
š
Ŀʽվһ߿һΧˡ
ףʦҲȤ𣿡
ơ
ף̴üѩ׵ֱۻؿڣû˵䵭Ҳ˵ճʱö˵ˣơ
֪Щ£æһ仺գףʦӦûܾǺ档
˵ף̴ȲӦһ
Ҹоף̴ȻŸѡ
أ
ȻҪСȣСһ˵仰ǶͣȫӦСȲŶԣ
Բ̴зӡ
ŮԶһ㣬񾭲Ůˣ˵˲ϲеĲϲеģ
ף̴ȵķ˿ôƾǺף̴˵仰ͱôһ·˶ȥˡ
װ·˲ú
ĻһƬ˿ս̴㻹Գսѹʽʤˡ
û˺ͳ¾˵Լһ¶æ˼ģףʦҪҪԣҽ㰡
ף̴ȿһۣܣá
Է·𿴲ľܾ룬ĺ˼ģãףʦûµĻѧһ£ԺԼϲ˳԰
ף̴ȣ
Ļǣɵ
ŮŮŮ̸Ҳ
ҪСû˵𣿡
¾ûвԷбף̴ݾ޵
ǰһ磬û뵽һ޾ϹüѵĸôƯ
Ͼ
¾ÿÿ뿴ָо
Ψ̫Σֿڸ̨ףףʦûϲأҪѧҲһʱԺлٽ£ǲŵһ죬ôҳԶٺõİɡ
뿪ЦƵ˵
¾죬˵ʲôֱӽ˻ͷոϴж𣬸һ¡
ŶãеģҪ𣿡
ţӪһ¡
ô˵ԷʱĳָϺ࣬Ϻźÿ
ѣ
ǣզôء
ֱԣȥϴϺ࣬ȥ
Ŀǣ˾ôģųˡ
찡ɡ
Ŷ
ڳ¾Ȼ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵Ƚָӵģȥϴ˾ȥˣѾŪòˡ
ϸ⽴ãĸϣһСˣÿš
ףʦļ嵰ģļ嵰ܼģ˵ļ嵰ǳ¾ġ
Ũ֭ζĻ
ֱǰĹڴͣǣôõ
˿Ǽҧ־ĽСδŮѰӵһֻš
ʹ˷
㿴˳Էˡ
Χųһ档
Ҳû뵽ô濴㣬⽴Ҳ֮ܶ࣬Աȵģ¾ξ䣬ֻԼڳԣſһ棬λû˶һԡ
յĵһ죬ֻȵƬ񶼴쿪ʼİžһ죬һ˽⡣
ף̴Ȳϲһ׽ģƫƫǻһֱ
Ưü΢֪⼸еΪʲôҲô桭
βɨԱߵһۣɵЦż䣬òƺܺá
ףʦϲɫҿףʦܶ·ǰɫϵġ
ҲʣСתƯ۾΢΢
ɫϲɫ
ԭɫɫܺÿףʦôףɫ϶Ҳÿأϲʲôɫ
ָ°ͣ˼һɫϲɫ
ʱֻף̴˵ЩѰһûһ˵֪ͺˡ
˷׷յĿָʾ[ԼкøеĶдţͶԷר䡣]
л˵
һо̫죬һо̫Ҿô[]ҵأ˭͵ҵ[]


6 
ǴҵһλøУԶӣ뵽պദ࣬ԸϵˣѾ˾
Ŀ֮ǰͣѡĵȻܿ죬мαǱ߾;ˡ
ƹܵһ䷿⣬¾
Ȼһ˯ϵ¾û͸ȥˣǰ˰ӾԱߣһҪ̸ĵӡ
ʦǣﲢûֱ豸ҲýһľõƬ̷ɡ
һ̧𣬵һϣŶȣ·ʣŴд˭
˵¾ҲЩԥŷһ˵дɡ
кøУ
Ϣʱ¥º˻죬Ҿ˲
𣬿ҿףʦҲио
˿ˣ¾һ죬ˣףʦŮͬ𣿡
Ůͬôˣ󲿷˶˫ģǻֱ˵𣬽Ŀ鲢û˵ܸͬԷţ𣿡
ǹһĨǳЦջ
֪Ϊᱻ˲ݣ¾ԾС𡭡ףʦ𣿡
Ӳܣ֪Ⱑףʦж֪ɣдŸףʦһоͷģ˵ء
ʵԼдף̴ȣϾαʱ˵ףʦͬдţᱻףʦķ˿ݺһ٣ֻҪ밤
Ҳ֪¾Ϊ̵Ѿ˺üֵ£ڷ۲٣¾ҲͶף̴ȣһֵġ
ʱͷҲˣ٣ΪԱȲӵһЩcpۣ׬⣡
յģ˭һѣһоͷۣñԥĳ¾¶˾ġ
ϲԸ񣬵ף̴ʵڳ̫ÿˡ
ʵʵڵŮ
ˣҲҪд˭Ҵææȥдˡ
ŮǱߵǸĿ꣬ûôᣬܿдţȥͶ䣬ȥʱף̴Ȼ߽㣬վֱףʦ
ף̴ȣҲϷʦ㲻ôҡ
һ£һʱЩûӦҽʲô
ǲŸʶֱðɡе㲻˼
ƯŵŮ򴽣Ҳ֪ô˵Ǻãͷһƫֺˣʲô
ףʦһǽףʦɣòһ㡣ֻף̴ȺԼ֪
ף̴ȿ첽뿪ֱ׷ǰֻͣסŲ˳۽΢㲻Ҫȥţ
պףʦʦ緹ԵĻҲһݡ
Сֱ޼ģ
̫ҸˣӵŮʵ̫Ҹˡ
ǲǲ֪ף̴ȸд˰
֪ѽ˵ʵҲû뵽ף̴ȾȻԥһ¶ûоͰŸˣһǲŮ̸ӣоܱ衿
ߣǣСϲ
ѵŻ˭
СȰɣʱ˳Բ緹СȣôƫģСȲŹ֡
ף̴ɫ䵭ֻ³֣ԡ
̬е㲻ãѻΪԼǵˣеЦ޴ӺףŶǺðɡ
ף̴Ĺط䣬վԭؿһıӰŻȥͶš
Ҳǵ´ȵС۲٣ĿøղŵһУҪˣף̴ôôûò˲ҪСдţСѲŲϲôûòˡ
ǣСѺĸԾͲԣ̬Ⱥһ㰡
wuliС쵽黳
ϣСϲף̴ȣˣһһԼǰ۸Сأ
ǣë0СȺ̸ǱԼ
ëѵķ˿
СֻǸһдѵģ˵ĸСȷѲһ顿
֪ķ˿ôк𣿡
ף̴ȳѾã˿һܴ򣬴ëóóȻֻʱЪս뿴ѻŸ˭
ǱӰʦ֪ôĵģҪĵͶŵʱ򣬻һתûˡ
˿
ܸܲɣܸɻһܸɵ
񾭲ɣʱʲôذСѻͶף̴˰ɣ
СѸոտ˳ί
ߣһѾϲСأ㱻СҲϲСȣСȣָҪôСء
ëһʱû˵汻˵ˣԼҪ
Ҳм̲סڵĻ˺Ȼϣף̴ѣ֣Ŀ˲ȶȡ
ܿŶѾͶˣ˸ŵʱ
õĿָʾαҪһǰԼš
һȥŮԱ֮ǰҲһ˿Ը󷽣ͬסѴкЦЦȥˡ
һţڿһˣ²Ӧǽرĳ¾дġ
˿һֱԼͳ¾Ǹ̵͵ĳʲôϵ
ȻţͷֱӷŴϣ˲ֱڲֻ֣Ȼſ⡣
Ҳûоʲôôſдģյһţǳ¾ĸ˭ˣ
˵ķ˿ʼеôһ̵͵ըĸ磬˭˭Ҫ

ŮǰȥԼţȻһαûõţһˣȴֻ⣬ȥˣ
𲻺õԤС
ǵŮͬαȥ˰ɣ
ģ˵ҪŮȶȡ
ŮҪϰ
л˵
дԤգȤĿȥղһ£ݶ
ºǾ޸ĸũŮֲ˴Ϊһ̻ײһ֣ĹɵĻͣסˣƯޣĽȥǣƫŮȾɫƴ׬Ǯȥؼҡ
û븶µļŬ󣬾Լƭˣ
ʲô¥ĿŮӣʲôݱ΢ûз֮ƭ˵ģƭӣѪǮQAQ
޹ΪһճԼµĻ¥У˵֮ˣʶĶҲ¥ղ
裬ˣҪúһûʶҰ帾ȴʱһãڶԷȫȫİУȻбƵʱ
֪ˣ˵ŪҲҪϲˡ
ˣǮ˵ǮһҲҪƭϣ
ޣίͰ/
Ͳ.̤ʵϸɵũŮǰްԵ.˺Ĺ


7 
µ»Ƿˣף̴ȥʱȡš
⣡
ˣŮͬαܹҲֻλ
ڲţѳ¿ƶף̴ˣ
ȻŮ˲ϣǲò˵һ䣬СţҶϲСȡ
ֻѵķ˿ڰҪҪǸף̴дţôûòֻ˺㡿
۱
Сֻú̸ʲôҪˣЦŮӦúͬʰЦŮһ𰡡
ëǺɣԼף̴һ֢ģ
ף̴ȵķ˿ǵĺܣԼһԸһʲô˼ֲˮɡ
СȳɶƵģϲͺͺһ򵥡
ëĬƯƯѵСѾͳѿ
ҲΪòɱΧĺ
Ưֻֵһŵ㣡
ëѾף̴Լķ˿ȫһˣϵû˵ʲô
һף̴ȵǧ˿ǿЦģҲԼдף̴ˣԧĸᱻ˳
ˣֻܰοһԼСϲף̴Ҳȫ޺ôԺͿԴˣ
Ǻѵľ˺뵽һȥˡ
˳ԼԲ
ɿһĻʱ򣬼ֱǼĲ֣еҵģ֪дף̴ȡ
ڵ۶ȦЩ˵ףҶСû̸СŮ׳һˡ
뵽ʲôεĹ˹ǣ°ͼֱ
ڴף̴ȴ˵ţܸ˺úһۡ
һţף̴ɫҲûʲôƽĸˮƵģطͿʼš
ʲô򿪺ֱ
һţλεĳ¾֣ü˼һ¶Է˭ֲǵãͷһˡ
ĻʱȻը˹ҧгݵķһ䣬ˣҽŮͬҲ䣬ҸҽдţĿ鲻һΪʲôҪɧŮͬ
԰ĿҲһ£ûй涨ͬͬдҪŪ
˭Ҫ˻ϲ
ף̴ֲ˵ڶţĻ˲䳳ĸˣƵš
˵СӶŮͼı죬˿ϣ֤ݶˣˡ
еôҽ㣬ϧСҲˡ
ˡ
Ƶķ˿֮ǰӲΪ⣬ʱ֤ɽ˵һˣֻ̫ܰ
ף̴ȵķ˿Ͷ࣬һռǰڵĦ˺ü̴㻹·еĶֻ
ף̴ȵɲôòģ߹˾¶ˮҲֵ˱ơ
ʣһţѶ²Ӧдģ࣬ѻף̴ء
ף̴жΪдġ
Ȼŷ⣬ͷ־ȻǣԼѡ
͵һڵϡ
Ѵͣǣ˵õء
˼Уûдף̴ȣд˭ˣ
˻һ䣬дܰǲǹϵҲܺԸҲϵ
ղһСcp춼ˣûд̴˵ô죿
ֻѵķ˿ڻܺãҪ˵ף̴ȶС⣬һҲû̬һӣ
Сй
ߣǰ˵Сϲף̴ȵأ˵
ף̴ȵķ˿ҲԸɩӣҪһĻǸϣѣûʲôϣɾǸݼɶ˻ᡣ
ǱǮ
һ£ϻǲ˺˸*ڵء
ⲿԤȵĺܺãܹעȾ͸ߣֳеӲŮͬȦף̴ȡĴϷ룬ѼԲˡ
ף̴Ůͬ
Ƴ¾ȥֱȷѪ꣬ͷҪ
ף̴Ͷѣ
ûͶף̴ȣ
Ͷ˭ˣ
ֱָ˺ܶ·ˣ뿴˭þܾף̴ȡ
ף̴ڿһϵʱɫסЩѿ
ţȻûһдġ
ţ
ؿ΢΢űأ˺һ̸ֲģֻǲμӽĿѣѵһʶдŸ˭
дͲд˭ϡ
ף̴ɿʲô仯Ŷϣݶûϸ
Сǲˣ
Ƿ˿ϲף̴ȶ꣬һۿЩá
˻أ϶ҷûСдŶˡ
СѾˣСȻȥ˵أ
ǲʶô
˿̡
ǱҲõš
ȵǣԼȻţһܵģǻһأ
ߣͷ׼˵һţ룬дܡ
дʶܿģǳóԣϣٻ˽һ¡
濴꣬ŷ⣬Ȼŵӵһߡ
ڣҲ˰ɡ
۵һҪˣ
ǣף̴ô죿
¥ϱ죬СеŮ׷ȱһ
ף̴ȺСûκιϵôҲСѵ£֪
һԲִˡ
ɻѲ˵ڶţֻд֣ѣף̴ȡ
ѣ
һʱûӦ
ʲô˼ֽдҵ֣ȻдԼ֣˼
һǲҰ
뵽ԼȥͶʱԷٴɫӣ磬˼ǣҿ㲻ˬҵŰɣ
Сȵֺúÿзǡ
Сдźһü򵥡
ҿѾˣ˵ʵҵһۿҲ±ƣף̴ôдְ
¥һ£СԸȽ䵭֮ǰμӻ˵ǴģܸдžѾܺˣûʲôȫ֮С
㻹ͦġ
Ѱ˼̶̵̺ʲô˼ĵİպãһһԼ׼ķۺ
С
СѺůԴÿһ˵ϲء
ԴӿѲŸף̴ȣ̴Ѻڻһʱ䣬ƨϲ
0ף̴˵ϲѡ
ǣŸʶСȲ֪д˭ãŸѵġ
Ѻȥţ²һš
ʱƯ۾˲⣬ϣһһ߲ţͷλյд֡
Ȼ֪еˡ
ҽô㣬ϲڵģ
ȻϺü粣
Ϊ̳
ʵʵڻһѣ˶ǣ˷۵˶С
͸޹ˣʵͽıѵ
л˵
ۣ[]ۣ


8 
ڶ죬֪ѵѺЩȻεϴ˺ü
û뵽ϻ˿cpǲŸʶʶһܿ
̫ˡ
⿴ţף̴ȷͲ̫ϲ̬ҲãʲôرģдŸҲǡ֪д˭дһպɣȻôʲôݶûУ
ţԽԽȷŵһ죬ףʦôϲңҺǰֲʶ϶дţһϲģǵοһ㡣
žӵͷ˲ˮͳȥˡ
ͳԵļЩѾͿ˼һЩס
αҲ½½¥
ȻбӰ쵽̬ЩȻ
һ˵յдŸף̴ȵϢ󣬽ֻǺкûģдŸſ˼䣬Ȼһȥѵ緹
ȽΨһûյŵŮΪĸŮֻܱ֤ÿһţû뵽еĶŸף̴ȣ䵥ûŵǸҲԼŶӣ¼һѣյϢˡ
¥ûƵģһ۾ƿȥ
ġ
ȻǸ죬ĳƵҲмǧķ˿Ҳ׬ȻԸίԼ
кȴӣɫһʱЩѿ
˿ֱ״ˣף̴ȵķ˿˸ѪͷҲӮһӻڿһ춼ôԼŵĻ˲䳯ڵĻʲôˣ˼ҺôҲǸǧ죬һֱһζǵСƵűдĺã·Ե۸ټϾ£Ƶ·ԵѾתֱˣһʱ侹Ȼֱѹһ١
ķ˿޴һֱŰѷ۲١
Сѣ緹𣿡
Ƚ¥ѣϲ¹Цݡ
Ѹռһ̧̼ͷȽȽҪ𣬼Բԡ
ȽʳŶ͸¶ף̴дŸѵ£¶ֻо塣
ĸ֮£̫ˡ
ԳԳԣҲҪ԰
ͳ԰𣿡
Էֻһֻ嵰ʡ
أҼʰ̫ܳࡣ
ȽȽѾˣ
Ե㡿
ȽΪ죬պܸоҸһ㣬˿ƽʱҲô˵Ψ٣·Χûյŵʧ̬ö·ӲǱŰķ˿ڵĻҲԾˡ
Ŷ㶼ô˻Ҳ𣿡
Ȼͷٶһģ˾ҶԣԷ˲
˵ԵģҪһܣûƻ˯ɡ
ȥн£ǹϵá
Ѿ֪ͶƱ粵ˣ;ĵúãѰ˳ҪͶ粣ֻû뵽ף̴ȻͶ֪ף̴ѡ
һ֪ˣôѡ
ף̴ȵֻҪĶӦףҷ˿սҲǿ㲻ϲΪ˲ķ˿˺ˣȽ룬ʹˡ
Уȥһ£ȳ԰ɣһĻֱӳԾвÿ
ţá
ȽЦдӦӻ֡
ܾòμʱкϷˡ
.
¥ϣܵķţܣ𣬻𣿡
ʡ
һʱûдΪܻ˯ȥһȣһ룬һҵĶܼ֮еȵȣܵģϴ
ܸѡ
ţӦһŤͷ¥ڶ¥ײպÿųף̴ȡ
һѩ׵ȹعͬɫ磬ɿţɢ伸鷢ĵ
Է˽㶡
ãһ޳
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9 
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10 
ʮһʱɽĿĳȥĿĵء
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11 
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ǲԵģԷʼƺòһڣȻҪˡ
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12 
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ס˲׹Ҳһ㣬ˣʲôʱġ
סӻûͷ󷽺Ц⣬ʮлףʦЬ𣿡
ף̴ԭ΢ɫԻһ̧Ŵ¥ȥ·ʱ˵һ䣬Ҳϲˣ
Ʋ԰׵ǿЦݣһ£æ˵ĵأǰףʦ¼ر壬һ桭
ף̴˵꣬Խߵǰ
ŷ֣ڳԼ˵ÿһ仰ȴʼûз
һƬУз˿̾СȻԸϲ˸öɫ
ŶϲˣһԼȥˡ
ѽ
ʹս̴㣺
˺ٻǣߣ
ף̴ȵӰԼѲŷ߹ȥһϴˡ
ǳȥôڲŻ
ף̴û˵ڶǸͼˣ̣ʲڣҳȥ绰
仰Ǻ˵ģʱԷհһֻϺͷԼææ̧۸˻ӦŶãǵ
š
˸תֻԼѣţȥˣ̻Ժòã㰮𣿡
ף̴ȽŲһ٣Ưϸü΢΢ţ˭ֺ˵˵
л˵
СȣԭҶе[]


13 
˴绰Ѿȵķ֣ףʦЩˡ
С΢΢ţϾ֮⣬βɨҪҲɱˡ
һ£һֻϺҲɱͷʽϴϴ֣Сʣףʦ鲻𣿡
ף̴ȵƳһۣˣת߿Ҳû̫Զֻڿɳ¡
ѿһԼѣСףʦ𣿡
ԼҲûɶѵǼϺͷƲۣףʦ̫Ѫˣ
ԼЦЦһҡҡͷҲ֪ҪȻԼȥ
ĥĥ䣬СžܾҲҪףʦҡ
һŸȥ
Ļɸ֣Сûŵģ
ҸҶһССѺԼ˵Դˡ
ӣСȲûôСֲۣϲѣʲôóԴ׵ģ¥ҥСıʦ
ˣ˭˵ϲԷܲܲҪԸҿġ
ΪʲôྣҾͿҾྣྺྡ
Сѱ±ѽ¸ҳţСȲģһǵһοôһˣĸء
һλ̴ѱ䵽̴˵ķ˿
Լ⻰Цˣףʦ㣿
Ȼʶʱ䲻Ҳܿóף̴ȶѸ˲̫һͲǻ˵Ը񣬸˵ˡ
̾˿üģڲ˽ףʦԸҲ֪ףʦΪʲôóóȻĻǲҪȽϺãһȥ塣
ˣϴɣһϴһ㡣
ҲȰѣ˹ϵ˶ûκκô
һʮһ˲μӣʳĲ٣ԼģЩĿ˰æģף̴ϵǸɸɾһƬҶӶûá
ţá
粺ȽҲ磬ǶǺĶһȥ棬ԸɽĿҪͻˣһһ
ƵֱͻȻжϣѾڿˡ
ףʦСѣǻˣ
¥ȴкף̴ͣһȻСŮһѡ
СʲôѽҺһ
ҹΣվˣ
ܳ尡ǺǸ
вѷ۵ǿСxӵcpһܷǵľͷˡ
̧ͷܹҲʶЦЦкϴˣǳԻòã𡣡
ÿ˶Ҫһơ
ף̴ɳϣ
ÿʣ
ÿˣ
ԻððϲԻҪ
ţǶġ
Ƚ״æ֣ҾͲˣҼأԲô͡
ͷҲ̧͵ףʦһԷѹҸһ
ףʦȽȽһԡ
뵽ףʦĪˣԵףʦýǵø
ף̴˪һۣ㡣
˫ֻأ˵š
Ѷһ٣һֲ岻˵ԤС
ŷĲ⣬С˵ܣϴһףʦˣȥ
粿˿ף̴ȣֿǰ޵°ŮȻһס΢΢ͷ·ʮɻ󣬡ףʦˣǺúõ𣿡
˰ովģڶˡ
Ҳվأʲôףʦ𣿡

һʣһ룬Ҳûʲôɣ
ʮֳʵҡͷ֪
״Ķȥһ㣬ԼѳԷʱҲ͵͵ȥϴּ˹˾ĵ绰˾˼ܲܺѳcpȶȲף̴ǱҲԼԣ㲻ɣܻһcpۣŰ۵ʱͿᴿ
ԼǩԼͬһ˾
˾ǹ滮ˣһݾ
գЦӯӯ۾һǾͲⰡƽʱôϸģôףʦףʦ϶һˣϢء
ѹΧڳˡ
ʱǵֱ豸
Ϊʲôŵһɺµζ
ǲζ
ѽҪcp㣬Լcpǽȥ治ĵĺܿ𣡡
Ĳڸף˸ҧгݵģúúãҾҲǸƯõĺùȻҲcp̫ˣھҪȥȡ㣡
ѿѹҪƻȥţȻҪûϣţˣ
𣿡
ü˼
ǣǣǣ
Сȥţźܺúģȥ㲻ȥСҪˡ
նԼҲȰף̴Ϣʼվòԡ
ףʦŸ߸ЬأҪȥЬ㴩߸Ь¼ȥôҲͻȻ˵ӣܺõġ
СȷţСϣȥʣҵٻ
粣
˾ϲ˵ܺúƭ
ֻѳȥߵף̴ǰȻĶ¡
С̽ͷJPG.
ף̴ֱķ˿ԼҽʢգĻȻЩԼҵһ
߾ħ֣ȥȥȥҽ㾵ͷ
ĻȻͷ㿴㣬Ǹ̲裬ǧҪƭ˰QAQ
˿˽ģȻӲʵԼҲ˵Լף̴ȶһоûС
ֻϣԼҽϽѵĿҪϲˣֵð
ף̴ȴһֺõЦ
͵͵˼ϲŭ
ϸָ˽ʣСףʦҵ𣿡
ף̴ȱܲãеĵڰʾַǸ˭һյһˣѯʣǿֺЩ
ɨһۣߣΪʲôҪ㲻Ǻúϴ𡣡
˺޹ϵȻ˭õĻ˵
û
Ŷ㲻ңһΪأô
һ˫գգͣˮСţе
ף̴ʸڷϣûϵϴĲ˾ͺˡ
ðɣ㻹Ҫһ᲻ģ
ˣַ·ܲһƫʵϣÿ˵
û̸ȻѵһҪpass
ף̴š
ţһȥʲôܰæġ
ҶǱϴҲһֱŲɻ˵ǰͷûϴˣϴá
ϴԱ˵˵ˣǽһģϴ˺ܶˣ㲻ϴˡ
֮⣬ף̴ǷҲϴˡ
ף̴˳Ũܵ۽޲˲΢΢´ѩɫ룬ˣôô˰
ͬʱĿȻһ΢˽г⣬ƽ˳¼ơ
л˵
оеˣҿǱ̸[ͷ]ҪӿȣԼصϢ


14 
ԻʱѾʧˣһף̴дŵĳ¾缦Ӷ졣
Ȼ֪緢ʲô֪ƿҪɱˣɱģǿƵףʦ
֪Ͳף̴дˣû뵽ף̴ô᲻Ҳɱˣ
뵽ԣ¾һ㡣
̵ͲǴף̴ǶԷۣдŵĻԼ
ϣף̴ȱڷѹǰ棬Ƚ棬һԷѹæǰæ׼ģһֱף̴һʱҲȻף̴ߡ
ܼ״죬Ťͷף̴ĬĬԼŲλˣû˵ʲô
ѰܲԼѡQAQ
ҪϺҸ¼
һ߳ԣһ߲չˡ
ףʦ䣬ҪʲôҲ˵һֱֻǰˣѷˣͲԾ࿴Щ
ϺȥͷȥϺ߻˿ǵģܷ㡣
š
ף̴ģر
Էţ𣬻ҪԼᣬȥŶ
ԡ
ͳϺԵҲ̫ˣֲôݡ
ף̴Ƴһۣ㲻Ҳ𡣡
Եô໹ôݡ
ƽʱԼҳˣͲ֣Ե̫ˣҸ˳òá
ЩڵģͶˡ
Ҳԡ
ԸԵģ㲻һʲô
壬ף̴ȳ˳ǣ룬ҳԣ˵ĺǶÿ˶ô˵İɡ
ܷŽڿյ䣬˻λãھԱߣ̽ͷȥʧ䣬ֻףʦԣҲܳԣСѣ𣿡
ӯӯˮˣŨŨί˲ס֪Ӻףģˡ
ˣŨŨĲζ
ȤⲻڴѾõ޳𣬴˺һֱĽĿ
񾭲ɣҪСȳԹʲô°ҲҪһ죬ѵСһ˾Ҫ˵ӣܲܶǰòһ㡿
ѲСȶҲˣðģҲǸˡ
Ѽѹææֺ壬ҲʲôһĻ͸ûвܳԣҲû㣬ܣôѽ
ɻʶʱֵܿģ⿪ʣôȻˡ
̴㣺ʮҽеıҲУ̬ԶҲ׷ҽ㡿
ô˵cp۾Ͳˣ˾ˣôܲcpأ
¥ע㣬дš
ǣ̴˵ģСֻǶԱòѣôƷҲı䲻ˡ
̴ֱһ٣ĲУͣźݻ˵СȾٸдţֻǽ첻Сͬ˲Żһֱһ𣬵·飬СȲŲٴѣ
cpҲºݻƣľģٵľǼٵģ
ôˣһŷԼ֪¶˱ԡ
ѵǻÿʣ˵СڲμӽĿ֮ǰյϢˡ
һֱ˺ܾá
ֻ㶣ٿ¶ЦҶģû뵽ˣҪӱҪϺ
ŶУ
ף̴ȣ
ŤͷߣҾ֪
극ɼʰǽ壬ǽûϴˣҪٲʰҪʺˡ
ӽĿҪʰ˶ڿϷ죬˽⣬ǱƵ˳нദ󣬸Щ仯ͬߵûʲô仯Լɰţż仰ǳЦźף̴Ƚ̸
ף̴ɳﱧһı˵ɱȽаȫУ÷ɴͱˡ
ѵһߣŲЦݣʱ޿̲˵˼άѼˣһ˵Լϲһ˵èҲϲ۰ͰѣŮѣ𣿡
ԼŮѵ£ƲסЦ⣬ŮǾͲ
ۣСᣬŮѡ
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СȿϰֻСԺ˺һèˣ
һ̴ѱ䵽̴˵ķ˿֪Сǰè˶̫ϲԾû
̸ԺͲһѽ̸˿԰Сè
cp̶̵ļСʱѵϱҵһסأʺϸСèˣſ԰СҲˣۣһ׷ӣһֻèһţӡ
СѾˣ˭ѵĴܲҲһ㣬ҪǵյҲСر㰡ѽˡ
cpҲƫĵġ
ԣ̧̧ͷһ̸ŮѣһҪһһֻèһᰮǵèҲȻһֱ
ˣôе㿴ء
˵Ц*ʱȷʵоеճˣǽȻʱƽܲ棬ΪֻڽĿûѣһ˳̫ˣר˵εġ
ɣʱţٻ裬ȷԼ϶ͷȻˣпǺ˵ģϲŮˣŮҶҪĵġ
ͦѽҲϲ˵Ůоÿɰ
̴˵ˣǣȫˣôоСѵ͸պúܶˣ
Ҿ˵ҹβģ
¥Ρ
СѾǶСȸһ㰡ÿιܵʱ򶼸о˳ģСȾر
ǣǲƭģа̴ֻ̣˵
΢Ц̽ҿɰ𣿡
ЦһСѣϣɰ㳤þͺܿɰ
ٺ٣Ҳҿɰ
Ц
ף̴ĵøˣ²Ӧûдܡ
ˣд˭д˭д˭
ʱαǸԻԼдš
ף̴ȣ˺ﶼĿˣֽд±
ֻ룬Ѻܶ
оûжһֱ˵˵Ļˡ
ɲдѣд˭أ
˵ִԺﻮȴֻų⡣
˿Ҳ֪ԼôѡΪĽĿͶŶҪⲻģ
Ҫ̴˵˫򱼸
¥ϵİɣСȾϲԼҲϲյ
Լѽ컹ף̴һأҿҲһ֮𣿡
л˵
ҴˣϷĺú棬벻[С]Ǻһ棬ʶ½Ůر˼ҴѧҲЦ㻹رͣһʱͷЦβһĪЦ˾Ҳ̲סЦһֻЦģֵ̫ˣֻҪһϷҾ˷ܣô[]


15 
ÿһλαȥԺͶţͷ𽥸ȡŵˡ
ۿķ˿һɤ۶ȵԼͶԼϲɩӻֵ߽ûдŸԼ
¥ȡŵһ飬¾ºѾˣȻٰŸף̴ȣֲڽĿＮǾͰͶαȶȲԸ
䣬ʱüȻЩ㵡
ֽȡһһߴ򿪣һϣſдģһȴǳ¾ġ
Ҳû˵ʲôպžͻطˡ
ȻĵĻȴըˣǣ¾ʲô˼ֲϲף̴Ȼˣϲǻף̴ȳȥ
Ϊף̴ȲϲԣûƶˣеҲ׷ף̴ȡ
ĿȥΪȶȻף̴ȵ̴֣һɹƹһѡ
ҲǼõİ¾ĿһѣʲôģĻ˺ˣ
˺ˣ
˺ˣ
棬ҲȥԼţ¾ֿտյȥֿտյĻأȥ·ÿף̴ȴųŵæͷкҴû˿ڸеĻ˷䡣
ף̴Ư壬ʲô
ôоС鲻̫ð
дŸɣСһϲյġ
˵ʮֿ϶
ҲͬûпСѲдŸ
֪ΪʲôǿҵԤУԼҽ㻹ǻдѵġ
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㵽˭ķ˿Сȶֻòѣû˵ϲѣѲдŸëװ̴ˣ
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΢ߵԺԼ䡣
ڽŵĿţһóʱ˿Ծס
ѺԼѵģ
ԼѶף̴кøУڿķдŸף̴֮Уֻѵѡһֱ׽͸
ѡܣף̴ʱȻչҲһġ
ƫĸ
СѰɣ
ǣдţҽЦΪأһҽѡȲֺҽˣС
ף̴ѡ˭һأ˵̫磬һף̴дŸСѣҿĸ顿
ף̴ȷ˿ն޿ܣ
ף̴ȻԤдŵ˭ŷָ˽ŲԾӿ֣ص򿪵һţԼѵģд˺ܳһĿʮп꣬ŷһߣԷеĻƺܴʲô
ԣûиоûиоӴǲӴ
Է⣬żʱڼƽϵʧ
֪
ݵλûҪǿԼͲϲദ
ڶʱһ㣬едģ̾ͻ˰ѶԷϳȥ
򿪷ڵСģף̴ĿһʱȻסͷ֮Ǩƣӳ
Ļʱžż̵ֽḷֻ́ܶһ仰ףʦһ˺ܿġޣޡ
ѻûȥţ˿ͲסįĴcp״ɷһ䣬ۣСֺúÿ
ûǹСȸдŵʱдˣָСдţΪ𣿣ˣѾˣ
ƫƫʱһĻص¥ϣصģСдŸС
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˿
Ȼû˵ʲôѾоܲԾˣʱԼֱأ㣬Ǹѵ׸ʲôԻ
Ҫϲ˽㣬͵ΪǵӣѾҪѴëQAQ
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Ķ㡷켸סˣϺüѣĿǰʵʵڵıա
Ķмαϴƣ
ף̴ѣ
ף̴дŸˣ
Ѹף̴дţ
˵ף̴úܿģ
̴˵
˵cpúûһѣ˸cpۡ
ҹСͨ绰˺ȴᣬ۲ֽۣ״̬
ѻл㱹绰˼һŷӦףʦдˣûдͱˣдúϾ˵⡣
գҪˣ˯˯˯Ԫ
ڶ죬С˸磬мαһģ¼һ¼ʱһԺǿиԵĹˣҲһӰǣȥˢˢ
պܻ¼ۡ
ڳ˼ͺȥˣ𴲵ļαڷǰڳĺ
һõЦݣСѣˣԷ緹Ҳ𣿡
΢΢Ӧһ۾תһȦʣףʦû𣿡
ף̴ȣɫ˽ܿЦŵͷţףʦ˯Ҫȥн𣿡
ҡҡͷˣ˯ҪȥףʦˣϢñȽҪһ㡣
ף̴ûѣֱҲûпʼ˿ֻĴﵽѵֱ䣬⻰ҽʧ߼̰˯˯úģ˯ţ˯źֺ̰˯ˣ˿֪Ҳ֪ƾʲô׷ҽ㡿
ⲻǷף̴ȾСдŵ̴𣿡
̴㣺
Ȼ˵̫
л˵
ٺ٣ʵxİˣ
޿عһӣһȫʤյչֺ͵
֪ǰʱչһСݹȴ֪ݹھ˾޵ĹüĿ续ݹɫ㣬ʵڽ˶ϲ̲ס˻ȥ
Ѫĵ䵽޿ĹκϣΪŮӣҲչò˶٣ĺù
ȴû뵽ȥعգ޿Ⱥ磬飬Ϊʳٻ󣬲賰Цܺúܺãչ¹Ҫ̫ˡ
֪֮һѱ˼Խ߾ȫֺ޿ΪԼֻҪ˳ұʲôˡ
޿˼ƣ֪ҪԼ̲ס˳ÿѹ
ԣȳļҲԣҪҪ㣬޿ܡ
һ齿ʯֻá
˫cֻһ
xò
ϲϲ[]


16 
ף̴¥ʱѾʮˣɹ˯緹ӭ緹
ûʲôرķ£˯úܺãɫҲǴк
һֱ¥º졣
Ըãƻ𣬱ֲִֵҪСദӣʮĵ
硱
Լԭ¥¿飬¥Ķ̧ͷף̴ȺЦЦк
ף̴Ҳһ磬߼ɼϣ̸ߡ
ͷ˳庰һףʦ
ף̴ȲߵԶɳ¡
СҲɵĿչȥʣϿ˺ףʦҪ𣿡
ף̴ȶһ٣̧ȥѸһ㶣ŷֵʲôСʣףʦֲð
֪չȥףʦ˵ˣײǹˡ
ǣʣĶС
񾭲һһҽҽԶ㡿
СȺίôƫƫкøС
춼дţ󲿷ַ˿ڳԼǶֻëкøˣ൱Ϊֵ
ҲӲģǣ˵ǸдŶѣⲢ֤ʲôһǲ֪д˭дأ
ҽΪʲôдԼѣԼѲһֱкø𣿡
ϳף̴ȶѲ̴ܻͬҽֲϲԼѣд
Ŷ㲻ϲԼԲддǡ
һû˵꣬˼ǳԣһ޷
ף̴ȳ΢Ͼ⣬˵ĻҲವģʲô֡
ǲʶ졣
ѽ촩һ޵ĵ黨ȹûСѩ׵ĸ첲ϣСҲˣףʦײˡ
ף̴ȣ
Ϊʲô⻰Թһ
ͷôұ
õֻƽʱ˵Ҳû˻˵ʱġ
ŶҪԿ𣬺ģܻһ㡣
뵽ԷԹף̴Լָ⣬촽򣬶һŤͷԡ
ֻһѩ.µĲϸն׹Ա߻λơ
ûھͷǰ¶̬˿һһѾ
㣬֪֪Լʱ˿̿رں
ѣҸ߹Ʊ˵Ů죡
󲿷ַ˿ڿأҪͶԼһ𣬵Щף̴ȶ֪
ǰԼҲûзֵСƢ
ܽˣ̣Լ壬üʮֲͬڶûԶ緹һҪһȳԵһ°ɣҿĺܺóԵģҺǴˣͳһɡ
뵽͸۵ĺǶԼҷҲòһ¿ˮСͳ԰ɣźܺóԣ͵Ϊǡ
˵ʵԸãƢãպֻչˣҪǲյͦʺϵɩӵġ
Դ챻ף̴ȵǷwbϱѵķ˿cpֳԺһЩ̴ľҲת䡣
òcp
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ⲻӦ𣿣
ֲ£Ƿǵ𣬶ף̴ôûҪǡ
ѺԺ˺ܾãŽ˿ԸһЩ
æȥԼŵĺȥ΢Ƥǽ۵ĺ⡣
õпòӲųˣϿԵģš
ǰźԵš
Ҳ֪ףʦ˲һԷӦøܽ֡
Ѱװ˺Ӷ˳ȥף̴Ѿڲǰˡ
򵥵ĺڵĺܺÿʣףʦҪţ𣿡
ʵ̫Ȼˣף̴˲Լʶظһȣлл
ԷûжŷǾ仰ָ¼ͬĪָˣСƻ᲻̫ˡ
ף̴ҪĿڣԷüۣЩûпƷǽĿ鰥ݿܲȡ
ף̴ȣ
ԭΪ
û£Ǿţ̰ɡ
Ϊء
Ƣôôã
ĿҪһ֪ţƷƣƷƵ½ˡ
Ŷȥ㵹һ
š
ף̴Ӧһͷһ̬ŵССڳ
Ȼ
ʶ죬˼ͺһֱ˲岻ȥķΧ
üһûп⣬ǰĿǣɫЩ䣬һĻͷ£ǵòٷ˿·۲ѡ
ǳҪظˣ˭кøеĻ˽»Լһһܵʱ乩һ˽⡣
緹ģţţ֪ףʦ嵭ģϺһ˴ϺΪԲôףʦһϺ
˻ʣҲΪѣֻ򵥵زˣףʦ˵ʲôˣһչ¾ΪԼ᧿Σ·ԵҲѵôһΣڳһһӲˡ
չѺȳԣԼڳʰһ£αȥǰˣͬαȴһҲûţеĿ飬еĵͷ¡
Ѳֳ״һ£գգƯĴ۾ôȥ԰
Լº͵ЦЦ΢䣬ڣлСչǣô࣬ǵȻҪһˡ
̬º
ȻԸģ˷ֲϿ࣬ǺܸжллѼѽ㣬Ѽѽá
ܣ
ǣĿֲѣƽ޹ҵľѹѾܴˣ
ԼûнյѶϢ˸λ£ȻһƨԱߡ
ܸպþվһߣӿһ˲ѾۼſˣֻʣԼ߻һλá
ף̴ȳĬվ˺棬޶˸о˼ȡ
ѲˣæŤͷ³ԷţƳ˶ԷһۣԼ£Ͳõˡ
ֻһλø
ҿԼѺڣżС𣿡
л˵
̴˵۸СĽţ


17 
ףʦҪʲôҰʢһɡ
Լᶯǵף̴ȵģô¼ƺ󡭡ƫƫ˸ġ
ף̴ȵܾá
Ҳſӵֽ˽Цһ¡
ѳԷʱ棬Ϊף̴ȲߵԵʣøһչֻͷԡ
ܼ״ֱۣ±ŤͷСʣܲܰҼһţţҼв
̧ͷϵţȷʵԶһ㣬Ҳ
С⣬Сûʣվܼһ顣
еϿСյˡ
˵䲻СȣСֻдţҲֻ˵أ˭ãߡ
ллСѡ
ЦĲüˡ
ף̴ȱͳԵ٣鲻ݣԵľ͸ˡ
ͳͼˣһû
ѳȥһƬɫ
ûסʣͳЩ𣬲ǴӦҽԵ𡣡
ף̴̧ȥ˲˸оں̲ס˴ֱۡ
˵˲ԡ
ҲģûгԷǰ͸׽
ȷʵûдӦҪԣԼһԸ
ɣǣĲóQAQ
СίͰ͡
ίʲôίģû˵Ҫԡ
ף̴Ⱥݺü򴽣ԼϺҲó𡣡
ȻģӦҲζպء
Լѱ˼м䣬ЩЦˣͷסɫ²ˣ룬ҶǸ˻ģ
ף̴Ҳˣޱ飬ûԣ֪òóԡ
㲻רŸġ
ʡ
˲ˣӼһֻϺŵһλõԾĿƣĶ
ʲôÿġ
ողǻչڲˣ
ţܺɤСѣʢһº𡣡
Ȼеϰչ˱˵æӦһʢ
øʲô͸ʲôһ㡿
ҽдţŮʢǺûůġ
СѺܺ𰡣ҹγ壡

ף̴ҲôģĲһֶһ֣Ȼһ룬ֱһŨ׵
ףʦҲɣһºòã
ֲķ˿дëġ
˭Ҫůһů
ϲ˷ҪģǶһ޶ġ
ҲеŲϡ
ķһߣֱҲû˶
С͵͵֣Сʧ䣬СְԼˣ
緹յĵһͽˣĿ齫һܺųĶ㡷ȵƬ͵һڡ
¥ʰԼʱף̴Ҳ˷ţǷ۵ķ䡣
̫ϲˡ
䷿ѡͺˡ

ʧʧ䣬ǵһʱ񣬸߸˳ף̴֣ףʦҰɡ
ǣŮ
¥ôˣ
֪Ѹո¥ҲӦˡ

ǲҪֻĴܲŮԶһ㣡
ף̴Ȳ֪ĻϵĻҲܾãҾһӡ
Ŷ
˳¥һһҵȥѺ죬ףʦؼ𡣡
ء
йţ
š
ŶףʦǵðʱԷȥˡ
ף̴ȸհĸʶΪһ룬Ϳܵ߻ߴߴˡ
ýˣ˵⼸ԼԷҸڵ۶˷ӣ̫Ϥҹ𡣡
ף̴̽˵̣˳ѩ׵ָսĸӣŤͷߣҲûǾ䣬Ҿ˸½һϷӦûʱ䣬Բ𰡡
һǸ
ȻЩʧ䣬ԾŲõЦݣʮִӣʲô˵Բѽûʱûʱ£һںֻġ
š
ǵ¥£ף̴ȵӰѾˡ
ڱſڱԹ˾ĳߣСڳϵţһѳæӭȥӣ˺ܶౣ˿ȥ·ͨ
ˣˮɽ˼ǽڼúϢһϣߵȥ顣
ѽӹԷˮϡ
С̫֪Լ˵ĵˣԥһҸɽ㶼ˣԵҲ̫ˣɽ˵Ҫʳ
ѣج
ɴ˫ţǣƽʱԵĺܸɾǼҳ˲˵ģΪʲôҪʳ
ǳ
ǺɵԶСãɱȽ죬Сɽ˵ͳ⣬ҲûٳԣͼʹĳԣҪʳ
ѿǳ¾ģĲ˵վȻһʱûס͡
ﲻ֣ҳ˲˵ģûҪʳʣúҳһƣ϶û֣
˵ûðɽѾӪʦ͵ˡ
ѣ
Ҫҡ
˵ĲԸ˵̱ڳϣתƻ⣬㣬μ¼⼸ȶȺܸأ˺öΣ˿Ҳ˼֪
˵ˣһû
˵һʼףʦķ˿ĺܲңľսҿ
ɽ㻹˵Ϊܾ˭ܾ̳ҪǼܾ͵ųű̴㰵ɱɣ
Ҳ޵׷ǵĿȳ̶ȣпܻᷢ
Ҳˣ㣬Ǹף̴ǲϲ㰡
˵죬ʲôϲϲģףʦΪ˵Ƚ϶࣬дŸҵġ
Ŷϲܻףʦ
̱ȥˣȻϸ˼һȻҲ֪죬ˣദһ£ôġ
֪αǱҲڱȥء
Ըͣദ죬ܸоĲԣףʦһʱȻܶ࣬ףʦ㣬ůůľ˯
㣬ɽȥ׷ף̴ȡ
ֶ֪˵˶㡣
Ҫеס
ðɣϺúϢŶȥ顣
ţá
һߣף̴һ뿪ҲյµĹ˸һӰ
л˵
̴㣺ҼɱֻĽë[ŭ]


18 
ڼϢһϾ籾ڶ类˺ȥ飬һӰȻϷݲ࣬ɺӡ
ӰŰΪ˾Ů׽ʿɱС
Ůڰһ棬Ůʼ࣬Ϊ˸Ǳߣһȡ˵ľ׳һߵȴᡣ
ǸȽϲŮ¹Ľɫ
ݵúҲܺݺƭһᡣ
ѱױʦ˽ƯСױݣûֵĵʱСϿģϤһ¾籾
Ÿ׼ˮҲһߣСʣ㣬㻹𣿡
Էæ֮лһһɻ󣬷·ʣΪɶ᲻á
㰡ף̴ȳcp
ѣ
˵Ĳᱻ͵𡭡
СûɶۣȦʱ䲻̣*Щ۸ӡ
֪æ죬ᱻ͵𣿡
˵ãһ¼ȥˡ
ᱻġ
ŶŶҲ˵ˣˮ
ţˣԺҪף̴ף̴ȵĽУ˵ûòҪףʦ
ŶŶõġ
ʹʧϵȨֻűӺһ׿ˮ
˶һ˻㣬סˣԴĴת뿴ûֿԴգȻʲôֱָָǰ㣬ǲףʦƯƤ׵ķ⡣
ûмף̴ȱˣˢԷܶΣÿζĺͱ˲һͼġ
˵ƯֲƢҲһֱô
Ļʶ̧ͷϤӰֱֱײ
ףʦ촩һѩ䳤ȹԺ󣬶׺飬̬Ȼţ˲ֱۡ
ȿˣѰ룬ҺףʦڽĿҲ㳯ϦദգˣѼ䡭ӦҪкİɣ
꣬һվĿƣҪʲôæʣ㣬Ļ𣿡
ף̴
Ѱڰ֣˵ʲôأʶ˴кѡ
ȹڣСܹȥ
ף̴߸ɡŮƺ˵ʲôͷתҪߣȴ˽סףʦ
Ϥף̴ͫһͣ£ͷһ˲쾯ãյ
ҲǸص̴㣬ݹʱǼĲ֣Ҫ̴չ˺Сȡ
ϰȥμûйˣڼҲһֱ׷̴ֱ뷨һģһѣֱյĶ⣬˭ãˣɶ϶ϲܺҼһ𰡣
ףʦһŽҪˣǿ߰ɣ
Ҫֻ˭õĴë
ж಻Ըף̴Ȼǻͷˡ
ֻΣԭƽĺҲһ㵭⣬תСܹķȹŮӣ촽΢ѡ
ѱе֣ЦЦü䡣
ףʦɰҲ⡣
ף̴΢΢ףֻһζɵЦü
ԶסңΪ˵ɣ
ûˡ
ף̴ȱֵ΢䵭һ㶣֪һô̬Ⱦͱˣʣôףʦй
ţҽⲿӰһ¾籾
ԼģΪùдУ⾳ȻҪ͵ӰҲҪ˽Ź¡
ŶŶףʦⲿӰŮ䣬Ůá
ף̴Ƴһۣ֪
ոտ·Ͳ³ˡ
ҪȥƣСæڣףʦŽ㻹ǱߵأҪȻȹȥɡ
ĽëƭҼҵû̸ףʦ
˼æţѾͲ˼˵ʲôˣֻܺ˰벽ףʦȥæɣҲȥǾ籾ˣ´μ
Цл֡
ֻǺѰľٶƫƫǲõЦҫ۵ƲĿ⣬ޣ̲סʳһԼһϵĻ粶𡣡

û뵽Էһ±ƻûӦף̴ȴȷԼʧˣʶż죬̫Խˡ
æŤͷֻһ䵭ĲȻûӦһ䣬ˣʡ
ˡ
߸ЬڵϵöԼоԼԷһۡ
ԭأԼʧǵĻ棬ô㣬ȥףʦк𣿡
˫ŰƴС˵ʲôԱģֱסˣҡͷˣû£ȥ빤ԱȰɣ컹֪ܲĵҵϷݡ
üĴɽ˵˲ϣ͹ԱһҲУҪǱҾͲˡ
ǺɹС
רſѲ¡
ǺȣҲȣҿǺȻ𡣡
Ҳܽʰ
ŶС
ӣСȥ
ѵͷ籾ȴôҲȥûڶߴߴܾ˼ףʦ˵Ļˡ
Ȼʵġ
дŸңȻֻţΪʲôдֻдأ
ףʦǲǶкøа
أ
Ҷףʦʲôо
˺ףʦһ⡣
ţʳָھ籾ϻȦϳˡ
籾õģһ̨ʲѼס
˳ͨˡ
ھϴ磬ⳡϷű°ࡣ
ҪȥӪʦƵѳԼʲͣû뵽°·ӯӯԼףʦ
һˣɡ
ףʦ
ѱϹϾ
ף̴ȵͷҪԽֱ˽סЩԻţֻһ䣬ףʦûС
⻰΢΢۾ֵ˻ûУ
ǳɫ˫峺ף϶ԣûС
˵ʲôûУף̴Ҳûʣ˶һۣղȷˡ
ף̴һ㣬΢ɲ֣жױбһʣҪȥġ
ʵһؾƵԲݡ
ף̴ȣ
ϲŭɫŮʱҲƲסϵãȻʲô
üۣСʱƨɺβҲӦ÷ҡˡ
ǳƣС˵Բݣ˸׼Ӫʦ嵭̵Ķҳԡ
оͳԲûˡ
ף̴ȣ
ϿԷ𣿡
۾һźܿȥҵøҾ˵һ£Ʋͬ⡣
ɽֻҪһٴηŷҵģԷһܶʵʵԲݡ
ʣͬ˵
Ŷ
ѵͷ֣Ҳܻף̴ȣһףʦҳҿȥ𡱵Ϣ
ͼ/Сè.
һ/Сè.
ף̴һȴ𸴣ûȶãͼ򵯳һ䣬ȥȥ
̾Ÿʾ˵ļУѱ˻
л˵
ɽ㣺ҵ˱[ŭ]


19 
ʽʽ
ף̴ֻһ߱༭һϢһʡ
ԶӰ˽ıյԼϢ󣺣
𣬲Լҵ
༭Īİõľ籾һߣͷʼд¼ӵݡ
ϲóԲݣȻǺܶ࣬вͣҪвͣףʦҿԶԵ𣿡
ϲԷûԣԵĶǲݡ
̫ʹˡ
ף̴ɨһۣƺΪʲôô⣬ܶؿڵϲԡ
ǵͷţԡ
Ҳһ¹ԣиζҪȥ𣿡
㻹˹ԣ˵˲Ա𡣡
ף̴üҡ
ѶʱЩ飬ͷСǣҿ͵͵ȥ԰
ҲûôȻҲᱳž˱ۡ
첻̼ˮܵġ
ĨC_C
ף̴ȣ
͵͵ȥԾ͸ҷϢ
ȥԡ
һֻҪףʦҪһȥɽһ˵ģ
ѽѽ̫ˣллףʦ
ˣĺܣżȻС
ף̴ȴȥǰЦ⡣
ֻάҳ̯ǰǻûϵʽҪôҷϢ
ǻ죬˻䶼ϵʽף̴ûӣҲٺ˵˸ûлҪӺѡ
ŷӦæͳֻɵɨ˶ά롣
ףʦͷһֻɰСèȵſϡ
ۣ̾ףʦСè𣬺ÿɰ
ף̴յϢȥӣɨһۣϣǣýҵġ
ŶףʦϲСè𣿡
š
ҲϲСèҲϲСϲ
Цеġ
ף̴Ⱥ⣬Ͼ˿ͺаģܻչСӣţҲܻչˡ
ˣ˵΢𣿡
װ
ʵʵܺȽȽģ˻ûӡ
Ȼˡ
ף̴Ҳû˵ʲô˵ûֻǳʱкøУȼ΢Ŷѡ
ջֻ
ȥѿеķ꣬Ƿ㣬˺ܶ࣬ף̴ȴſ֣³ǰҲӰȡһִϣƯȥһ룬һ˫۾Ծɸ˵Ƶģ鶯
ף̴ָŰ̬ţʹվֵĴҲ۵һǰͷԱҪһȺԶһ㣬İᡣ
ֻһ˻ãףʦҸطԷ̫Σˣ˻ϳġ
ǴģȵڵȷԱȷʱѿժһ͸ף̴ȱԹȰףʦһܺһ𣿡
ԲִͰף̴Ȳ⣬¾ˣ
ѣ
ףʦ˼άѣô˵ˡ
ʵҡͷûʦ
ûȾͺȣҸʲôðʱܺģ
ѷӦæϣմɫһɫο磬ѩɫ۵׻ȥף̴ɫС˵Ҿ˲ҺӦ˵ĻͲ
ţ˵Ҳܿɰ
΢۵ָĦɫľС
㲻˵û֪ˡ
Աܿòȥտճİ
ְѿִϣף̴ߣӦһţҲ̫ƭȥɽ϶ʵġ
ʲôףʦʲô
ֻǲ˵ƭˡ
ѣ
˵ҲǣҲͺɽ˵ͺˡ
ף̴ȽţоԼѧһ㣬ûϵɽ㲻ġ
ֻҪ漰ףʦӦþͲ⡣
˽˰䣬ף̴ȰѲ˵ݸѣذ׵ֻһӣͷǶһȦһȦ꣬һҫƯˡ
һֿۣһۣӹ˵ʱĿ޵ףʦÿ
ף̴ȣ
å
ƶ죬ʲô͵㣬Ҳ˿Ļʳֺҡ
Ѵ򿪲˵߿˵ûֺðʵףʦƯҲÿ
˳ۣľҪһ㣬ǰ񣬺һסҲ
ף̴űֽ˽֪ôɴ಻ˣһ㲻֪ߵģƤĺܡ
ʲô˵
һ˷ѳԵĶ˲ŷ¿ӣף̴Ȼר̰ͻȥˡ
ʱ˭Ҳ֪ҹһȻʶ
ף̴һԷ
ۼα½Ӵع⣣
̴˵ģ
һһŵСһӰǸǵģǰѶǰԲˣ۵ݰҹպ÷֣״æһѡ
Ķף̴ѣ
ݺݲһȶȡ
Դڽһ׷СŮڷԷʱվĸʲ׵Ůûס࿴˼ۣȻ󡭡һŮעժһֱ֣ӣͫ׵𲻸ţΪ׷ŮѾһ¡
ԷСɵߴſ޵Ů˶Ľȥˡ
ԼҲڿĶֱⲿƺƴϼʮˣе㶯ҪѰԲǲյˣҲָ֪ͨܺŮڣȻһķ˿ϳϣźྣ˵ྵˡ
ŮڷƬϵǵ󣬻ȥͰƬŵԼ罻˺ֻΪǷ˿żѣ׷ĽȶԽߣʼ˷ԣǲԱߵŮʺϤ𣿡
˵ˣʵҲ
ǣ˫۾Ծף̴Ȱ˿촵Լķж߹ѡС˵Ů
ף̴ȺԼˣ
ȷ̸𣿡
Ȼ̸̴ֻ㲻ϡ
ϸ˼֣˿΢ذȴ̸
л˵
˿[С][ŭ]
ϳռ飬ʲôе޲˳廨⣬ָоٶ׷ҪȻɡҹһֱףҺöѽ


20 
ѱѾ籾ϴ˯ˣҹȴһͨ绰ѡ
ӻúܣָڴԺֻ۾һƳעȻ󻬶ͨ㣬ô
Ҳź
֪˯磬鷢ͻȻò绰һ䣬ף̴ȳԷʱժˣ
ſڴϣеûʶأԷȻҪժְȻôԡ
ţпյĻһѣȻף̴Ǳôģϵʽɣ
˶Լˣ²Ӧüϵʽ
ȻҲӦˣţУռϵġ
̶˲ŸռӣС
ţʲôУʲôҺ㡣
˯
Σȥѡ
˯ﱻѣֱʱŷӦԼˡ
æӴ룬еƣҿ
㿪ѣһţףʦ֣ף̴һԷϻһ֡
ˣˣ
˵أȥףʦ𣬿Ǳô
ŶŶŶ
Ƭĵԭȫժ˻֣鼫ˣϢСģףʦ˯𣿡
ֻһͻϢôˡ
Ѳ˼ҳ
ף̴ȷϣûС
˯ôѽҪ˯˯Ƥ嶼á
ϲܶģŶ̶̼죬ף̴ȾѾϰˡ
ţ֪ˡ
Сܼ硣
ӦѲЦ۾ַϢףʦ㿴𣬶Բ𰡣Ҳˡ
Сè/
ţˣû¡
ףʦ
ҧָ⣬Сʡ
ҹˣף̴ȴŰɫ˿˯ȹ΢ĳ纣ڴϣĿ˵򣬼״֣ΪʲôҪ㣬ǱĵƬԷѾԤˡ
ֻǱĶѣҲǵһαģǷºôܻС
СܹԺܿɰṩֵܸߡ
ԷĲѲŸһצצı˵㣬ôѽ
û£Ǳ뷢˵˽³Ը
߲֮Ǳ뷢Ļ
Ŷʺ㡱
Сͷ/
á
㣬ףʦ˵ǿ˵˽³ԷҪ뷢ͷɡ
ףʦǱأ
Ҳˡ
ףʦǱӦòʵҺףʦһμۣ˽³ԸͦģҲҪ˽һûĻͲˡ
Ҳû£ոմִֿһۣûɶǡ
ţþУҲˣˣǽôϵģ
Ȼˡ
Լ𣿡
е㲻˼ʹûбˣǵͷСףʦⲿӰ籾˾ȥкţԼҵģ촩ĺƯҲû㴩
ȻҺףʦţоףʦݡ
Цߣ֪ףʦúÿˣǰϳ𣿡
ԣ˲Դۣⲻһ̸ûҪһ
ء
У߷ڣǶͭ
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ܵʱԼһڷԼãһ˼ҿף̴ȵ͵ġ
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21 
ڶˣ·ȥ飬ףʦдģûдɣ²Ӧûûߣ·ʱЩ棬һˣһȥ緹ѽ
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ϵʱҲŸټԱˣֵĿһۣǷ߷ߵĿߵʱ˵һ䣬ԭ㣡
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ΪԼĪʦˡ
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Ȼױһݾϳ˵ҪĵϷˣȻȥһ߿༭дϷ
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ҸոպͳС˵Ļ𣿡
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ʣ϶ȴûɣѾǱߴˡ
ҲûܾͷֻоӣţҾһɣ
ķϵ˹ϵ֪һˡ
л˵
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22 
д籾һ⡣
ҲǾ˵ģ֮ǰˢЩƬλΪǽĿ鳴ֱף̴Ϊ˺СԷ
ˣ籾ȿţҸСѽһ¸ոдõϷݡ
û뵽һԼ£ãȻһף̴ơ
۾һЩϷݣ֪СɾˣΪͬΪѩ츳ԼѩѪ˴С˿Ҳֻһֻͨİ׺ݣǴá
ֱʱһѪŮϣűϳ
ѩһͬɣ׳ʵĹʽ°빦ҲʹԽԽ*٣ΪñòΪá
ݵúãܺݺƭһᣬڶӡҲ̣㲻ŮأһдĹѪӡ
ѺͷҳϣûУҾǾĶҲ̫ˣҾǸСôϷᱻɣ
ᣬϷֲӰߣСԱ·ϾȷѪģû𣿡

ʵͷǰǶݵúãʱǺףʦһˣͷˡ
ӻ֣Ҫ·ϼȥٲ˵ģϰ߰ɡ
Ż
ף̴ȿž籾æ֮Ҳ˵
ƲƲ죬Ѿ籾ӸԼϤһ£תף̴ȽϷȥˡ
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ף̴һ署һʱʱԱ濴籾ϡ
ڣҿԸٳһײ
Ծϲ˵ó𣿡
ڿԳˣֻݵĽɫϡ
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Щȣû뵽˱лҪҪá
һʲôˣĬĬĥŲ䵽ףʦߣСʣףʦҪҳרOST𣿡
ף̴Ӧһš
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ף̴ȴ籾⣬ⲻһ
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һߣı˵ҪжױɡСӭȥʣôô簡Ӫͻûء
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ѵ󣬡첻Ӫͣͺ˵ҪףʦԷ
ֺףʦԷ
𾪣ԥ첻ǲϹ𣬽һȥԷ᲻Ӱ첻ð
ô˵ҲеԥӦòɣҺףʦμˣ˽½Ӵһô
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23 
һѣ챻͵ĵˣǿܲչȻԴſ֣·ҲܴǱʶȼǿƯµüϷֳ˭˭
粨ף̴ٶȽУ
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ʶ˲壬Ժô찡QAQ
ѷ˿Ͷɽһһֱǿȿһ˵ԼСõģˣСòòԴˣյˡ
ߣСнĳЩˡ
Сֻף̴ԼɣĶյˣСˣף̴Լῴ𣿡
Ǿǣף̴ֲʲôɵȦʲôλǷ˿֪𣬿϶СѺܺòԸһֱСİ
̴ԲܽԼųcpȻпģһֱף̴΢ҪǷ塣
ף̴ûκζ
ںСһԷǰͰֻˡ
ѳԷΪ˷ɣϣʱ˴š
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ֱ극ڳֻſʳ¯ѵ˵۾˽Ҳˣ㣬99+ʾˡ
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ŶҲνףʦҺȶˡ
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ף̴⼸Ҫд׸裬ҲæţûպķɣżһЩԵĹͶιѡ
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û˸Һף̴˵Щ̫䵭Ҳ̫оˣЦܶʱ򶼲Һ
ͬвˣӰϣֺ͸һֱĻͺܿɰ
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ѱ׵ͷԣϳ±𱨸ˣ֪Լڽӣֻʵʵؼʡ
ŬȡԼԼʲ͵ĻᣬЩӪʦĺѳQAQ
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24 
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ѹȻ,䵽ף̴,ŻЦ,һ𵽵İ,ѽ,ףʦ
ף̴һ,üû,Ϸ
סףʦ,ر,Ұףʦð,ףʦд,Ϣһ¡
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Ȼף̴˲ôðĸһǺϲģÿ׶ѭš
ۣҪ¸ˣڴڴ
˵Ϊʲôף̴дѶ֪һֱϵ𣿡
ä㷢˻㡿
ף̴¸裣ܿ챻ѣڴֿ֮࣬ʼѺף̴ȵĹϣѽ̸˻Ƿˣûզһؼˡ
ϷҲࡣ
Ҳѽã˯Ҳ磬۵ģҸɡ
ҪᣬһֱԼ߳ף̴ȼ״Ҳû˵ʲôЦЦˡ
һһģ뵽ʲô΢·ʣ⼸춼Ϸûпֻ
͸ʧһҲϢʸá
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Щ΢Թ˲䱻ƽţ⼸úϢһ¡
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ദǢ뵽ѣԼ΢ûðи͵ڣΪʲôǻѡأ
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ȥָ飬ջЦάֲȥˡ
ȻɹԸоԼαų⣬ףֻǸף̴дһűøжѣô
ȽһߣȻȥȹ죬ʱû¼գϵϢ֮ȼա
ףʦСѣûٿǵѡ
ΪֱʣĨǣɳóֱֻ۾д˺档
û뵽¾ȻнӴһһٷеڶ١
ڶٳûʲôϢˡ
֪ʣҿһЩ˵ǳˣļٵѽ
ľ룬ģף̴ȿȦĸ֮˭Ҹ֮ͱôֱ۶ҪһˣǺϲ
ȻʵĻ⣬һżæ㿴ףʦ
û뵽ԷֱʣҲ֪ôء
ף̴Ƥ΢ƣ𸴣ţպˣһԷûгܡ
һǶѵĳ壬Ϊרù˾淢ԵеСˣպȽˣȻϲֱ׵Ŀ˽£ý͡
ûгܣûгܣûϵõĲˡ
̴㲻ͷˣֻ䶼ˣ˳ʲôڲܲԺҲڹϵòսһҪҺһʲô𣿼ٵģǾ籾
ѻһһյǾԲɩӵģ
һǾ籾أ̴Ǳ𼱣ȦڵѣȫǾ籾СȺպ˵ģһԷҲǽĿ鰲ŵģǸ·ŮҲǽĿˡ
ԭĿ治ˣ̫ˡ
СȱʱˣǹѹСȵ
̴˵cpǸ˾ͺãЦף̴Ȼ͸ϲСԱcpЦˣ˼нƷеλбŮָҪcpף̴ʲôôΪѷףʥĸĴ󱬷
һƫ̴ѡԺ仰
Ҿ˵أ϶Ѻ˵ģСƢôãô˺Сѳ
ʶ죬ѾƢܺõˡ
ף̴ȱе㲻ϲȽԷ˵仰ͬСƢȷʵܺãÿ춼ֺǺǵģҲ֪ʲô
˿ˣǿѹǣǫ飬ѽƢҲûкܺףʦ˺ܺõģҲŲףʦܡ
ףʦҪݵĽɫд谥ҲдͷԣǺܺõˡ
Ŷףʦ˺ܺãжð
ЦһʣȻ֪Ѻ˵һʲô
һ΢עϣ˶٣գۣ˲䰲缦Ƭתƻ⣬ˣһǳʲôĿᰲ𣿡
û׷ʣ˿ûţԼ˵ʲô˵Ļ
ˣ˻ȡһ£ȡƨһף̴ȣ۾͸˼ܣȡ
ôСһɳǶǼһ
緹鶼ûˡ
Լظ緹Լһ³ʲôĿᰲš
ŶҲҸǴ֣ϴϴʲôİɡȽԼĶλȷǽ˵ġ
¾αܣһƲѹף̴ȣףʦҪ֭òã
ΪᣬϺõֱ豸ߣҲսȥˣcp۽ƵģۣСѶˣ֪͵͵ſС
СȶеģǱҲеģ
ҪǸʲôȻ˳Сɣ
ϻռαģֻף̴˵ùȥֱ˵
Сȵ˵Сǵһλ
ף̴΢΢ͷӦҲ죬ţá
ǣҽƢأڲɷûû𣿡
ýɷף̴ȣһףҵ£ָеĳɾͶ壬ҲǼﻨǮµģף̴ȱõˤ˻Ͳ뿪ڶɷõļ߾Ͷ˹ҲٽκβɷãȦСĺ䶯ף̴ƢĴԼѡ
˿˽ԼȻҲ֪ף̴ȷʵƢǺܺãԷһʱȫ
ͦͦģе
֭棬һһȥѣҶһ㣬˭ԾͿԳԡ
仰ҲˣȽչʲôʲôԷ𣬻*е̫ˡ
Ťͷѯʣ֭ףʦԣԵĻҲһ㡣
ȽȦܶУԵһӦ壬Ŷףʦԣҳףʦɣ
ᰡʲôģףʦܴ󷽵ġ
ڶףʦ˾ĲС
ֻз˿ٶɣСȴ󷽡𣿡
Сռǿ𣬸󷽣ǲ˽Ǵȡ
𳳣еྣٿ
Ƚʶף̴˵͵Ц
ף̴Ҳһ֪Լܴ󷽣ֻǿǵ˻ڽӴĽ׶ΣټСڣҪ˿·Եû˵ʲô
Ѿ̸ˣ˳ԡ
ֻǼ첻ѣϵôˣԽԽ˶ǿȥˣܻԼ·ԵۿʼûãcpѾˣ̴˵ʮcpۣcp۵ٵĿżǧƴһѡ
ûһˡ
СcpеĻǾĬĬŵĳ׷ߣ
ദᡭһֱѣ鲻ѣÿдŸùھҲֻܿǵϲһ˶ѣܲŰһҷ
ҲûаĿ
¥һñӣʹף̴Ⱥһȥˡ
¥¼αˣôˣֻף̴ȥ
˹ϵȻ׽٣ף̴ȱˣҲûͷվȥһ·͹
촩¡أβȹģ鱦Σһûһǧ²С滹УŹ䳬ое̫ˡ
Ŷҵ㡣
ȥñӾ͸ף̴λãԼЦʲôʱףʦӵϵʽǶûء
Ϸʱͼˡ
Ҳ֪ԼѶףʦкøУдŸףʦҲףʦһøУԺԼ˵ܸоֵֹġ
һЦԼĶ࣬۲ŸտʼŮͬαܹλʲôñŤġ
ϷʱģףʦȥϷľ𣿡
ѸҪ˵ʵȻ뵽ⲿ绹ûɱأܶϢҲûæɲŤŤֲ֣ˣȻӺˣףʦƢͦõġ
СƢ仰ӱ˵һȶҲŮԸ񣬵˵Ҿ޷Сȶû𣬲ʱͦģQAQ.
ұΪԼܳȥģϾڽĿôãû뵽󿴼ףʦѡ
ٺ٣ϷæףʦҲ˲һȥԷģͻȥϷˡ
ζ𣿡׷ʡ
ʲôΣŶ˵Է𣬶԰Ȼأǰ쳬æģ
ŬŰϷμۡ
Ϊǳһȥˡ
ԼĺͿЦһεУ׽ѶҲʵʵ˵ףʦҲæҲ˼
Сѡ
洫̧ͷת¥ףʦƯķһ֯䱳ȹмϵһӣճϸϸһȦˮεָ߹
Ȼֻѵ뷨˿һΪ룬š
л˵
ǰƯС[͵]
ĩβ˶֣ӲǿԷһ¿


25 
һףʦ,ûˣ۷ֱһı顣
ĻҲ
,С̫ÿˡ
˿˺һ,ֱԷ¥ŷӦ,Ϻߵķɫ,æվ,۾ʱһۣڽ,ףʦ,㻻ߣ
ף̴΢΢ͷѾͰԼ׼õñ·ף̴ʱˡ
̫ô,ףʦעɹ
ף̴ȱ˰ź,Ҳû˵ʲô,ࡣ
,ף̴Ҹеİ
СȺĵС,Ȥ,ζˡ
˵һ飬Ǿ籾
Ҳš
Ҳš
̴㣺
ѺƢѯˣʲôҪ,ȥиǴ
˼ȻҪ˽½Ӵ˼,˾㱾һȥ,ʱҲû,ֻг¾,Ŭһ,ֺף̴ȣڣҪȻҲȥɣȥǵ˾ᶫôŮ᲻
룬ôŮԣѲ˰ɣ
ģָʲôܲСԶһ㡿
0㡿
䳬ôĻŮͬһеģҶ롿
ǣ˼Ů佡ɵ¥ݣòеĲˣ˵ֵܡ
СԷȫԭˡ
Ѿĸ̷ֵԼƵȥˣջ˲Сķ죬ĺ
ҲһʱĬˣǣǣ
ô˵
ίܾˣ鷳ˣڼ£ҺףʦȥˣĶÿ춼ġ
ֱܾˣ֮Уû뵽ôӣһ£ֿף̴ȣʮҸףʦɣףʦôƯΪ˱ǲҪණȽϺá
ף̴ȣ
ˡ
ֱתͷ˫ֻز
Ѳ죬Ҹףʦడ࣬Ҳ࣬Ǿͺãףʦǿ߰ɣȻ緹ˡ
³¾˵ʲô˵žͷþܾĻæף̴ϸ󣬴ߴ䣬һ첽߳ȥ
ף̴ȸϣԼǣסϡ
С裺һ
ٺͱ֫ӴξĲᡣ
Сůġ
ף̴롣
߳ѲһҲֱĹڽ͵αǸʱŮദȽϺá
ϲͬôѽ
ף̴ȵͷʾͬĻǰС˵öԶˢˡ
˽ĿĳԾףʦţȻȥһףʦߡ
Ŀĳûף̴˽µĳΪҪpdڿռҲ⼷һ
СĵİףʦŪһ·ͣȻժñӷϥϣһ³ٴ
Ǻϸף̴̲סʣÿ˶𣿡
ɻһ֪ףʦҲһ˻СûУ
ССϰչ˱ˣʱĲ
ǣǲյ㲻ҪϲϺŮ˶ǣҪϲһյ
ף̴Ȳˣϲϰչ˱˵С
󷽣СԼռϣϲϲˣҲϣϲչ˱ˣʲôɡ
ףʦ˵ĺԣƯСˣãȻ޴һ˲СԷ˿ļ첲Ÿ첲Ƴһۣ˫ֻأˡ
ţϥϵ߬ģԺŬģ𣿡
Сǲʲô˰оеֺ˸
¥ϣСͥѽΪɡ
ʲôôСȻͥһΪ϶ҪúҸĻôֵĺء
ף̴Ƴһۣǲˣ߾⡣
죬˵ʲôֻĴߣż̧ͷһףʦƯµĲ
úÿ
ףʦĺúÿȦհ鴫
Ļ켱ˣŰ⺢ӣô֪أ
ûҼСȶܲСȿһΰˣյǵù/ָ
Сϲչ˱ˣҲûʲôɣΪʲôҪֻǰչ˰
ȳͣڳſڣѴӰȡֻװķ۷۵Ŀ֣Լһֻһֻݹȥףʦ
ףʦҲҪ
ף̴ȿһӡſͨͼĿ֣룬ʮ˻ôɣȴûоֽܾӹ򿪴ϡ
һͺõźš
˫һֻܹȥ˿š
ףʦСķ͡
³ʱ˵ĶСͷֻѽСķ͡
оǰ棬һһ£񿴵ʲôȻЩˣףʦһ£ȥ򱭺ȵġ
ûü˵ʲôԷˡ
Ʈȹڴһ磬ˬıζ
С뿪ͣһ̯ǰ˵ʲôһʹһͮͮˡ
֭һ飬ףʦ
Ҫѽ
ף̴ȼһüе㲻ӣӹʱһ䣬㲻𣿡
һԷʱܳҪôطˣ
ףʦʣС̲ס͸ʧ䣬Ͱ͵ģ㲻ҺȣҿףʦҲеġ
̫ˣף̴ȶ˶٣ŷӦľˡ
ֲȡ
Ҹ򡣡
СҡͷãҲԣףʦˣ˵ҪǿҳԶһȥˡ
С
СԵɣСôݣһûµġ
ԳԳԣ֪ԣ˾Ҫݰ˵ı֣֧ѵľˣһλף̴ȶΨ
ˣ
ף̴۲죬˴һ飬ˣҿ˰
һѾ;ˣôˣ
ѴӲܺʧ䵽ϲһ룬ףʦ𣿡
ףʦѩ׼ϸ°͵˵㣬ûֵģѱҲ֡
죬ǾУ֮ǰƵؼƻˣҲȥһ֭ովˣ
˵ȥȥŤͷȹˣһķ硣
ɿֱܻȺȺȣô㣡
ؼﻵˣˣ
ף̴Ҳ֧Ⱦͺȣվԭصš
֭ĺܿ죬ûһһ֭ıˡ
Ц˵֮ǰһϳߺˣͲҳԶ˵ȥҲУҵΪء
Щί˿Ѿʼ˿ͷԷ籩ˣ֪СѸף̴ȥԷһԷ»·ˣ
Ѿ̸ˡ
̴㣺һȺ˵ԻǺǣḻ
֣ؼƻˡ
ף̴ҲСۿɼϸˣ϶ؼƻˡ
Ѻϲһͷһ֭źף̴һ߽С
˲ˣͷһСƳ·һЩԵģżף̴벻벻Ǹ
ף̴ȱʵʵЩûסڣҪԾ򣬲ҡ
ңҲԡ
㣬ף̴ȲֱӴӻһձʹӽСƳ
飬ûԣԡ
ף̴ȵƳһۣǰŮʼˣʵڲ񰮳ģðɣԼĽһ׾ˡ
ʣʲôԵģ
ѿ˿ž˲ڣֵ˵һͯʳҪǸһͺˣҼʣܶԡ
һ߿һС߶߶
ף̴ȣ
Զˣôࡣ
ŶˣȥϺ࣬ʱȥȽϺÿ
õȻֺ˲٣ü۴õЦ⣬ֹֹס
š
ף̴ȲȫȻ˵ʲôոǡ
һ߲ˣһҪӽСƳѴûȥ
еˣһģÿ
ף̴ȣ
Ŷ
ԽԽˣûòС
һĻôһ
¥ϻ᲻˵Ǹս飬ŨСһ䳬Уġ
һϺִ࣬ȥһѣϲζŨһģһ˳ʱҪŷѡ
һ㼦ɡ
š
ף̴Ȳ򣬾Ϳ򣬰һϮ̳ȹ޼䵭̵ľĵֱ£һ̲ס뿴һۡ
ܺÿ
һ䳬оʧȥǣʲôһ㣬ǻˡ
߲ˣȥҪһ⣬ʦæȥƤ˵Ҫǰӳԡ
˵ŤͷʣףʦԽϲʲôڶģ
ڡ
ף̴ȴ˳۽޸£ŶԷ߶ǣס֣˼ʮ꣬һ߶
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Ѿˣ˵ģ
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ҲԹͦڵģζ
۾ЦЦǳ԰ܲģٸףʦڵĳԡ
֪ףʦ˲ˣףʦĺúŶ
Խƫ
ţ㲻ʲô𣿡
⣬׼ȥܲˣף̴ȷ·ʡ
ͷҲأԿԵѽԵģ϶㣬㰮ʲôʲô
ף̴Ȳòϣǿһɢˡ
ϳʲô
֪Сÿ춼ͣ߹ȥʣźŵˮζֱ˱ꡣ
Ѷһ˲ùһϹϣɫ糣΢죬ϹϣףʦϹϹϺܺóԵġ
ţԵġ
ǹ˺ܾõĳУȥʱ˶Ҫˡ
ʵǻʱ䲻̫ʮͷͲסȺ˴󲿷ֶûͣ˻û緹ʱһĲˡ
һͱΧסһȺǶŵʶץ޳ָ⡣
ף̴üˣôˣ
һԼõȴȽٿס죬Ҫֱ۵Ҳһջȥˡ
ˣŮͬŮͬȻһףʦԴ˰ҷɱĿȥ
ȣλʦˣѾʰˣ͵ʦ³
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ף̴ĪϲôʲôϤܵĹϵһ΢䣬ȥɣǳˣûԱԼġ
ĿֻҪ¼ƽĿʱֻûй涨ܵԼһЩԵôˣѹŵһϣοСֲǵĳӣǮʹǮҲʹ
ף̴ȵĲǸ˶ܿ
Ƚһ㶣ܿٶȷӦ󷽵İڰ֣ԶԶԣҳһ㳢ζͺˣóԣҾһ£ҵʱٽ
ףʦά͸ĹʣļҲԾ⣬ͷţȥˣףʦһ¡
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˵ţǳɹŮ˾ô衿
һ˵һҪԷԼ𣬾һֱСȻ̫ˡ
Ҿ֪ҶеĳԣҲ˸˵С
ֱտʼСʱ̴˵ķƵȥüˣȶһֱ߾Ӳ£оף̴ȳԲ֭Ļ棬֣רŸ/ޡ
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ܲܶҽֳһƫ
.
ף̴ҲûŵȳԷʲôҲȥ֪Ҳȥ˳վڿʽ̨档
ףʦܿġ
ףʦ˺һ߶ˣҲܶ
ҿùңʲôҪæ𣿡
Ƚϲ壬ѾѺף̴˫ˡ
˿ܻᱻɱĺ£ۣףʦɻСѻ۵İɣ
ף̴ȣ
֪ܲʲôʱˣվһߣ۾ֱϴ˵ѡ
ף̴˵æͲһעӣ̧ۿȥܡ
ǣôһ
εͣ¸ѻ֣ŵܣôҲ𣿡
ҡͷĵҲ۲ۣʲʣҸ㵹ˮɡ
мᣬˡ
֣͵һԽԽԶˡ
Īһĸо
ҲͬС
ؼҵǰƵǸŵŮӣҲûùѵǽȦͻһ˵Ըôת
ˣҲʵģҪǶ͵һܿˡ
Ѷ·ѳ֭ˮٷˮչ๾һһ֭ٷ棬ζѾƮˡ
Ƚû۲ɫˣæϼϴõϺ࣬ȿ
Ӿˣȸףʦʢһ룬ִƵĺɰ̳һ˷ȥ׺Ա㣬Ȼһ߶߳ȥһߺˣףʦ棬ţȥƸء
ȻǾƵؼƻˣΪ˽ٳһ¡
ȳ԰ɣ϶ˣٳơ
ļУȷϾͳԷҵġ
ף̴Ưѩ׵ָ棬ʮţڣ㲻˵Ͳ֪
ῴֱQAQ
ף̴ȣȥɡ
˶չȥʢˣֻܣʧǵվԭأıݲ顣
ŸսȦݼĺء
ͬʱ¥ϴͬʹĲҽС
ѵף̴˲Ҫȥôˣһ˾͹ҵˣƯСͰͣίףʦֻģˡ
ϵ̫óˣĸ֪QAQ
л˵
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26 
鼫,ʧǵĴ¥ף̴ߣſ,ɫдʧ䡣
Ǹ˶ܿжġ
ף̴ȣ
,ô,ⲻ,žˡ
ҲŬʹ,֪ʵʹֻܶѱͬĿ⡣
С̫,Լˡ
ȽЦ˵
ѣQAQ
Ҳö,ҲԶ
ڽĿܻϸĿֶһ֭,ҿԺ󻹸ҲҺ֭ˣ
ף̴΢΢ü,һ,㲻,ϾǺܺÿ
ѱҡͷ,,ٳԻȥɱҵġ
ף̴ȶΨ֧Ѿ˵
ᣬһ㣬ѵҪϣ
Сҡͷ,ۿ,,ȥȵ
Բ,ȵаɣ
ûзźܶ,嵭,Ҳ͡
Ƚ̾ÿ
Խ˵ԽˣҲԼ
ԺҲȥˣ϶ķͷŶˣƽʱԼļҳֵġ
ҳ棬ֻʢһ뷬ף̴ССںȡ
ģζҲܺá
ίСģף̴Ψһļ⡣
ϸü΢ˣʳأҲˣ
ͶԲˣôʳ
ѱҡͷˣȷŰɣٳԡ
ݡ
ף̴ٴǿֻõһ˫ˮж۾
ˡ
СȰЩûֻСͷһڽһڳ档
Ũˬ֭ĺɰζܺá
Ѻ۰Ͱʣó𣿡
ף̴һԡ
ʢһ汻ԵĸɸɾҲȵĲˣȻܵϲ
͵͵ֱգ֪÷ý㶼ˡ
Ҳһһϧĺ꣬ûٳԶóԣ״ӳһڱɳܶڡ

ף̴ȲϲӣЦˣҲ̫ãɿڡ
ܵʲôãСķһͶˡ
̴㣺ϢǧٳĴСҲҪΪСϴ
ë񾭲㣬ˮʲôϴ
ܵͣҲ͡
Լһ£˫һͷĸСƵģһ㣬ҪҪԣллףʦ
ף̴ȥ
ȷʵΪˣˮ󵰻ǻģϾԡ
ಽʳСƵĸ·ܣ˭Ҳû⵽
ǹģѿˣһһôԷ۶˺ܺõףʦԼûгԱĶӣûעܡ
ףʦϴɡ
ף̴ȵıҲжţǴСֵģӦûЩ
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һͱ˼ٸš
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ڲһˣڣߺߣ˶óСûеף̴ҲǵȻҪһ̴ۣѩˡ
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ˢˢںţcp۲ͣף̴ȵţ⡣
ױɽĿṩԼױȥʽĿĻױ
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Էһ䵭ĻһźŽʣףʦ㻯ױ
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ף̴ǲ֪Щܲ
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ѻҼˣͣСǸԲԲ赸ûкúԺһѧġ

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27 
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ķʽ˭Ļðա
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ռǿĳ档
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СǱģƯֿɰСҲǣҪú̸ѽ۶ˡ
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쳤ӿֺ󣬶ʱЩţףʦѡȽϲ
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ǲݸе𣿡
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ĥĥӦһȻµףʦҲǻде㲻ȷģ֤ʵףʦдˣǿѹѹǵЦݣһ룬ȥͶˣ͵ĻϹϿ̳ԡ
š
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л˵
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28 
ڶ,ڳæռα࣬Ȼ,Ͳֻһ,öЩ,˭Ծ͹ԡ
Ϊף̴Ȼû,ֱʱûп,˿ϰӿֱ䣬ȻֻԼҽ㳴cpĴë,ò϶Էջ㲻
⿴ϹϿ̶ɿ,ҪӲ
첻ģİɡ
ϴǸ⣬ҽġ
Ȧҽ,˭֪Ҫ˯Ȼ,,æһҾЦˡ
ô֪ף̴Ȳ,СԼҪС緹,һأ
̴㲻,˵ǲᣬСȱ̰˯ߡ
Ǳ,ƤҲȽϺ
ϹϿ̺,һСķ,ȻӰǸ,ųų,ϳһ,ɱôٻһҲûݻˣˣٲʲˡ
СǽСÿ춼Ҫܣ˶ϵ
˶ϵŮѡ
ӡ
̴㻹ڵĻϷһЩۣ޷ǽİɣԼҽ֪ͺǲٺӴˣʲôͽȱһͣ϶ԡ
ţиԸܺõķ˿ðͷС˵Ǹ׼ңСֱոտˣˣǹȥɡ
̴ʧɫʲôұȻҪΪ˵
ǴҴһģ˭׼ң
ȻһʧԼҿȥˡ
ûëcp
ף̴ȷʵ𣬵μӽĿñȽ磬ǻ˴˯߻Լﲻ̤ʵ
¥һЩαѾˣͻָָףʦСѸ緹ڳһֻһء
Сޣһε࣬ﻹмθڲСмαΪ˷ֹ˳ԵĶףʦҲˣڼӴһñףʦ֡
ף̴΢΢ͷȥܿҵԼһݣóʱ״Ʋʣأ
Ҳ˵˭ҶĬĲµˣٺЦСѰСѳȥѽÿ춼ȥġ
ô˶
ף̴˵ϲÿŮʳʱҳһ롣
ˣôСȻҪһһȳůˡ
š
ӦһͷʼϹϿ̡
ϹϺţ̵ζһġ
ֱ˿ûϢһڿˮ˵ʵôõ׷ңҲ̲ס
ǣ㣬СȸͲȱǸ͸Сȫһ϶ϲСȵģƭСȵĸ飬Сȶȣ
ֶΨ˿ŭˡ
Ѵͷ󺹻ʱף̴ڳ׼緹޴䣬һƬСƵӰͦżˡ
Ѵȥףʦ
ף̴ȿһۣһϹϡ
ķʵеˣϾСһƬ⣬׼ŬԳԡ
ȥϴףʦԡ
⿪ĸҴûй
ף̴˿֪ΪʲôʵеСƢ
˵ϼˡ
ǵȫȻ̫ͬʻĸˣԣǲ֪Էôˡ
ѻ˶򵥳ϴһϵĺһɫ¶£ͬɫĲȹıȥˡ
ʱףʦѾ緹ˣɳϿ顣
ѻŶأһ·Сȥֱ˳Լˮ󵰡
Ȼ˳ȥڲϳԡ
ȥˣȣСѳô𣿡
Ͷš
СѿһҼء
ʵĿ˭˭֪ôһ˵ϧĺӡ
ף̴˼ԼԼȥ棬Ϊ˵Ҫȥ棬ĿҲһţʲôϷ򣬵ûˣ˵˽ȥ
ۿҶ˿ʼ£ѶɳĵᱧˣĿ˲٣ÿһţǿԸǶһȥ棬˲ɾܾ
ף̴ȣ
ܾܾ
̧ͷ俴˸һۡ
Ʈҿֵܵ˵Ļɣϻǲòף̴ЦҲŸʶÿ˶Ӵһ±ȽϺá
ף̴û˵ʲôֻеĻϵķ˿ᵽ޳ζ
˻Ҫ𣿡
ܾܾСȺСעҪԼˡ
Ŀ˵ҲͦеģҸʶȻҪӴһˣһӴ֮תأ
תνҪ߾̴˵죬ֻҪǲתͺˡ
ǣǿ˵ף̴ȵǰŮѵǻÿŮԼܲȶԷǵ𣿡
Ҳǵùûף̴ԼȻƻһʲôء
ԭҲû̫ͷ鵽һԼ󣬾ƾͱˡ
Լһ죬ԽԽ
˶ſ˷ֱԼ͸ƥԼᣬʲô𻨡
ϾĺѸı䡣
ϲҪôһϲֵˣϲֵҪôܳ갲
֪Ŀİˣ֪ףʦԸ
޵ף̴ϡ
涨յԼ߲ܾܾףʦԸͲдˡ
ôŵ
˶¥дˣסף̴ȣСʣǿ𣿡
뵽ţף̴΢΢ףڻ԰һƬ£ǰһţ̡
ԥĿ˿۲ƽı棬˻żСʣףʦ쿴д𣿡
ף̴ȴűѩ׵ţ̣΢΢ͷ
Էƹһ㣬Ҳ֣ףʦôģ
С̧ۣ
ף̴һǿҵĸоֻҪԼܾǼһоͽˡ
Էٶ⣬ٳԺӴ˽⡣
С̽׾ġ
ѩϸָ£ȴûش𣬶ʣҽӦĻǲǾҪдŸˣ
Ѹовȥ˼ĲϲֻǱΪû취
ء
СļˣԴҲģţĿ涨ÿ˱дһţ߲ܾܾ㲻ҳȥҲǿ㡣
ף̴ԵͷȻ󻰷ٿȻһת㲻ܸдš
ѣ
̧ͷĻҲ£ѽðԵ
ǰСȡ
ŮˣҲΪҴ԰ɡ
ҡ
д
һһ䣬棬ȻԸӴӡ
ǡ
СûаȫУڸ鷽棬Ҫȷ͸Ҳһ
һ㣬ף̴ֺγǣü˵ʱԴĲãѵаϵ𣿡
죬Ȼ֣ͶͶԷûйϵ̼ǵõһ죬ףʦԼʱճѰ˺ܲôִյһ˽ˡ
ףʦҲܺãҳĺĿˡ
飬˫ȲԾ£˫ֽŵķϥϡ
ŶٽӴ𣿡
㲻ҽӴˣ
ף̴ü
æҡͷǲ룬ǾٽӴһ£ףʦĺܺá
Ҳôõһ
Ժܱܲ˺ˣ񷢺˿ġ
ǾǣҸոջΪѵӴ󵽸Ҿܾף̴ء
ܾף̴ôˣ²ϲܾǺʲôҲҵġ
¥ǲ֪ɣ֮ǰף̴ʾǸidolѾɱˣ΢Ŷûˡ
˻Ҽǵϲף̴ȶѣﲻ˰ɡ
ֻбеɧŹŮ֪ͬжġ
ҽӴֻΪ˺ã
û뵽Է׷ʣһ£ʶ룬˺û
˵㡣
ɫģڱǣףʦⱲӼƯŮңҡ
ǰ滹ȴ˰죬˼˵Լͨ졣
õĴ𰸣ף̴Ҳ΢΢£ûм⣬עĽ䣬Ů˰ƵĶȾǳǳΡ
Źһ⣬ֻһʣأһʼͣǲǣ
ǱףʦʣϾһ⣬ִٵͷҿ˫ͬƯ۾͵Ǻʵ˵ˣšҸչʱ˭Ҳʶ͸оܺҵͺܷϣԸӴһ¡
أ㻹һŮ𣿡
ҡҡͷʵģ־ãҺϲףʦһ棬ٽӴӴ
˻ЩøУҪ˵Ũҵİ飬ʱ̸ϣӴһ¡
ף̴΢΢ͷվǵдңص㶨
˵ת뿪
ԭ˺һķ磬ǿյ¶ȣҲطдȥˡ
cpۻϲأ޲Ѹ£ྵcpûbeྵcpûbe
ϲʲô˵Ը񣬲Ť󲻵űˣȤˡ
ĿȷܿдźһţȴܾվԼ⣬׼ŵӣͬʱһ
εĺ˰벽ָŷͰ͵ġ
ССѡ
ܣôˣ
ʣȴڿԷеʱˣòöԷ̫Σĵš
Ŀ涨˲ܾܾյţֻܳȥһ¡
֪ǰ˱ɫƽ⣬ֱӰŵݳȥЦʣҿһȥ𣿡
òӹţЦȻԡ
ţҾȻȥˣҪȥףʦ𣿡
ţҴףʦһȥè
صѡŮĿˡ
ò˵˳ûëǮϵ⣬طǱȽϺʵġ
ͲʲôС𣿡
ĬĬͷ̧ʱžмǿջЦζȥɣףʦżˡ
ѣ
ݼҲ̫ڱˣ˵ʲôſڣȴû˵
ϾоͷڣҪֱָݼϵ⣬ܶ˶Ӱ죬һպεġ
Σǲ˵ˣ˵һ˾ԼΪʦأ
ѵͷˣףʦķ¥£һ۷ۣŮĵķ䣬ף̴䵭Ըȫϲķ䣬ԺˣҲѷװ޳
š
ܿһ
Ŵ򿪣ŷСĵ￴ףʦҵдˡ
ף̴ǰѾյԼѵţ֪һ˻СһӣЦˣֲ͵飬ôһ
Ŷ
ʵӦһֱӴŽȥ
ﴧţոմӹţǰֱӾˣֱŵݳȥŲԣæгһ⡣
ף̴ĿǷϻƺʣдģ
εͷţոոҵģˡ
ǡ
ԷЦһȴҲû˵ʲôֻǶԼϵһ̧̧°ͣģ߰ɡ
Ŷ
ףʦ䵭Ҫ𣿡
Сʧ䣬һ̫ãŮѣʵǲٹһ˵ˡ
ǺòҵһĶӴģԷƫƫô䵭
ܾƫɣһ𣬾һʱҲ˵˵ż򵥻䡣
ף̴ԣͣü̵֣˶٣üЩΣд裬պһУȻٺѩ⣬ҪǲԸȵĻһɡ
˵õִд費ܱ˴ء
ѣ
ֲõЦԭˣ
ææãæͺá
ôµˣȻӰףʦд裬ȻĸҪԼˡ
ͷǲûвԸȵģдȥ¥һɣһԺ𡣡
á
ҶСĿֶ١
ȻϲѣܰСĺһ㣬ԺͲˡ
Ͼ֪ף̴ȺܲչԼǲʱԷдʱʳϢܲɣʳһֱݵġ
кøеαҲ¥죬Ȼŵ㣬׷ױȥۣСóԵİ
ѸտһСɣӿóӦŤͷţҪ𣿡
ִ󷽣Ƚ۾˲ˣ̵ģҾ͵仰أ緹Ҳóԣףʦпڸ
ʶûʣĬҲڸףʦóԵġ
ʵȷʵѻеСʳףʦûԵأһֻܳһȻȻףʦûóˡ
֪ЩҪΪףʦģȽ˸OKƣȻֻһ顣
ѱʣСƯװɳϴף̴ԡ
˳㿴ԼнĿӡľ籾
ᣬڣһҪع⣬Ųᱻҵ
㻹ûǱ߾ָµľ籾Լѡ
кõŮӣҲһЩӰҪǡ
ǹ˾ҪˣԴ󲿷ֶбλ̫Դ⡣
ҪԴ̫ϣʧۣ֮ҲǾԭ
СǺҵĵģղμյʱһֱûҵģҶСί
Ķ·ˣֻǷ˿֪СҵжǿжŬ
¥µ˺ܾãף̴ȲŻ¥մҲȹ˿£عȹȹɫľΣӹһſӨ󣬼ֵƵ΢
ڿ籾
ף̴ȼ棬Ǵս
˲ӯЩӣֱѿڶżʧ񣬡ʦ㰡
ף̴ȣ
ḡС
л˵
ָ[ŭ]Һ[]


29 
ף̴һʱ,ڵ
Ѻ֪ӣ,СΪԼ粵,ҵ˼,ףʦˮú,˭ҵѽ
ף̴ԭ˵,ֱӣ,,Ƶģ´Ҹƿ
ҡͷˣһžͺˡ

⻰ô˵ֵֹġ
Ļ,ҴȻҪΪֻС٣
С,һС,СǶСϲ㶮,СȸСͲʮǧӴ,ϲСϵζ,жమҾͲ˵ˡ
Ǻǡ
̴ۣ,ֻܳЦ
ףʦԱ,Ҹոտ,ˡ
ó,ף̴Ⱦûоܾ,ָһ,еӣ˲ôʹãеģɴ򿪵ӣ˿ԿһҲ̫һֱһ⣬䳡
㲻𣿡
СģζȷʵѺ񲻳ԣһ鶼ûԡ
һʣԷһ壬̧ͷʱ۵ı˶Ҫˡ
ף̴ȣ㲻˵֪ˡ
ƹˣ
С˵ͷţһ㶼ûᣡףʦԺҲķˣ´ҼңҸԡ
ף̴΢΢ͷţá
ֱý㿴Ŀɿڴţֺ£ոԹԣҲְ͸˼˰ɣ
뵽üλѪĽ㣬Լеˡ
ף̴ȷ˿ȻԸϣǼҽȷʵʱƹɡ
óʲôͳʲôԷʲôʲôû飬˼ҶҪջؼˣҲ֪һ£˿ǲġ
ףʦϲС𣿡
ȥѾģȷԷ᲻Ը⣬̽һ¡
ף̴ȿһɫ򴽣š
Է۾һزסĸˡ
ʣСèأףʦϲСè𣿡
ǲе̫ˡ
ף̴ֱʣҪȥè𣿡
ƯԲһĸԲˣЩţ㣬ôµģ
ʲôѲµ
ҡҡͷй¶һЦ⣬гôŵⲻ֪ɢ˺ܶ࣬ܺò¡
ҽƾʲôֻСЦô磬ĺˣ
¥ϣǺðССأʻģž
⵹Ҳǡ
Ŷϲèףʦѱɳϵıͷʡ
ϲ
ף̴ȺϲèһֱΪͥԭ͹æµûèżҲȥèġ
ϲͺãҲϲèҲϲԺȶˣһֻèһֻ
ĵǺܺá
š
ѽˣС˵Ҫһ
û˵ʲôϰ˰ϰκǰѰһ⣬һʱҲ֪ôڣ˾û˵һ۾ĿӣһͷԱɣôСһıɣóڣһһԣż׿һѣרעӣջ߼Աɡ
ôĻСȲ˵ʲô㲻𣿡
Сϲ˵أСȶ˵ֻܿӣһɣҿ̵ġ
ֱĿҪʼԼˣѲվ˶ϲڵëףʦȹȥˡ
û·ϾԼᰡһ㡣
ף̴Ҳ׼һ·
˽İǻױɽĿĳ͵Ŀĵؼ档
ѾûҪֱһȥͺˣĿ鲵أ̻Ҫһ£Ҳü
ֻĿĻ
·Լ׼ģױǽĿæġ
ȥèĳϣʣףʦǱ߻ױ𣿡
һcpȶߣ˵仰ѣԷдҲˣcpԽԽ׳󣬽Ŀ˶ʮģףʦǱҲĲˣһ㵽
ŶǺðɡ
ѻһһּͻȾ黨ȹϵһӣϵ׺飬ճϸȹֱףԶԶȥƯˡ
èһ׿ˮһιèʳкһֻĴٳʳ
Ӱʦҵҵ㣬ϣܶһƬʱҲ÷΢
˿˺þúСһѵԵתԼҽ㣬ף̴Ȳ٣ŵɫĺҶ߳ȹɢţ̺죬ϲôһ֮ûбΣؾˡ
ܺÿ
Ѵ̧ͷȫǶŮľޡ
Ӱʦнһڵıˣף̴òС
ʲô񡣡
ף̴ѾӯӯվڶԷǰˣ˫ֻأ˳۽´
죬ʶԼèèԷǰһ٣ɬڣֻèرԣףʦҪһ𣿡
ף̴èϣƯ۾
ӹè䣬ѩ˳ָͣ
Сè䲻ˣ㷢һߡ
ףʦϲСè𣿡
ѿţоͦϲġ
ţСèܿɰ
Ŷ´λ
Է˵˾䣬վһèȫȻûԼһҲӦȥˡ
´λҪһ
ȷʵͦõġ
Ҳһˡ
ף̴Ӧһ㶨λ𣿡
ߣè
ţˣλãиС԰ԿģףʦҪҪȵʲôԵʲô
ʡ
ף̴ȸȥ£ҪһȾͺˡ
ԵأС𣿡
ԡ

βƺЩ
ף̴һèС䣬һɻ̧ͷüôˣϣҳС⣿Ҳ𡣡
ΪǺ֮ǰһСԣܳԣһ㡣
Լ˵СɵĲУæҡͷҲԣҿףʦԾͺãڳԹ
ף̴ȣ
Ǿһɡ
ϲ̫ĶȻСԡǾͳһɡ
Ҫһɿġ
ŶŶǾҪһСľС
š
ף̴ȴӦȥͷԱ˵
ȻһССĵ
Сɢζеԡ
ƽʱҲС⣬ܻмرԡ
ڣǳԵˣرС⡣
ѲĲУ۰ͰͿ
ף̴ȳԵĶһ٣ѯʣҪҪһڣֻһڣӦûµġ
ȰԷֲϳԣҡҡͷҲԣԾͺˡ
ף̴ȣ
ݡ
ٴ꣬е㿴ȥԷˡ
͵ͷţ֪ףʦ԰ɡ

֪ʲô֪
ˣù㡣
⻰еˣίСƱƣҾÿ춼ֱҾˡ
˷
㣬СҲһڰɣĺӰзҳԡ
ЦˣҾϲֳ棬ϸһ㣬˾ҪҪÿȻʲôˡ
ף̴ȶΨ
ÿη˵Ǿ籾ᱻѹھԿѳԱΪˡ
ϵıռ˰㡣
˻ÿ쿴Сֱף̴ɨһֱ豸ԶڽĿ͵͵㿴ֱĺĪоһ紵̲סһ¡
㡣
ף̴˵ֲˣͷĳС⣬ָϴԶʱϲͰСèѱš
һֻ˾ССֶնյģŴˣ᲻ͣķ
忴ҲܸɾǶϲ
Ա˵ֻСèԲԲΪúԲѾһһԲԲԲԲĽУ޲ðԼСè
СèڶߣҸҸУ
ÿɰÿɰҺҲճˡ
ףʦ˵ڼ䣬кüֻСèܵűߣͣĥ
ֻСèֶһֻżèСèë׵ëԷһͷ۷۵ģˡ
˲ѵࡣ
С⣬ף̴Ҳһ
һ͹èˮˣȻúܳʵ
ǽĿ鰲ŵĺʴ͡
ʵʱȽ϶࣬ô⣬ܳһ㣬ܸףʦһ¿ǣչŮ
ڰԱŲ˵Ǹ˼ˣ嵭ģҲĺʡ
û취̫СԲˣٱ㵽Ҫ۰ͰͿˡ
ֿġ
ϲ𣿡
š
԰ԣԡ
Ǿͼһɣǲ׳ֵģԾˣûʲôùôࡣ
Ѹжףʦ*Һá
ڽĿ֡
˶һϺֱȥϴ֣װϺ
һС룬ŵף̴ǰʾԣȻͷ
ף̴ȼ״ļֱ˶£ļ˼ϺպһպϿʼԡ
˾ֹ޼䣬һͶιĸˣһӵȻٲȻСûʲôˡ
ףʦϲϺ𣬸оϺԼڡ
ţȽϲѾˣ˷ѡ
Ŷǲһֱͻһֱѽ
ԷЦ
ף̴ƮƮһۣԡ
ӣеˣҡҡͷǲˣҲϲ˷ѡ
ţԼҲһ㡣
Ŷ
ôоСеš
СѿϰAȥҪţŶôãΪʲôҪ
ҪţʲôŶģ
˿ڵĻϺɸֵĻѶ֪ڸףʦúȵġ
ףʦԺֻܺȱ׿
ÿ
ףʦûʲô˵𣿡
һͷף̴ȵ£ȤĵճĵͶˣԷȴһֱֻǵӦ˺ѼȥĻ̲סЩ΢Թﻰڡ
ֲcpķ˿һˣڵĻԣˣҪˣҾ˵Ͳ߲ͬԶôϲְ˵̵һǲ˵ף̴ȣ
·Ҳǵĸʾãһ䣬Ҫ֡
cp۶Ʒˡ
ף̴̧ۣһſӵҲ΢΢սȻڣЩȥʲô
˵ȥ
ԷʣѾʵ˵ˣϾǺףʦڽӴǱѾٽӴ̫ˣףʦʵͦ˵ģϲףʦ˵ϲ¡
ף̴ɫʣϲ𣿡
ŮͷԥƺԼô˵òãһҡҡͷأС
ʵ̫ϲְŵĻϲ
ǿĲϲף̴û˵ʲôţ
ãǿ껨ͻ
һԷ
һһǳԷ
һھһڼдʱף̴ʦżǳԷ
Ϊ˴д裬ǳԷҲû˻
ǵǰ˵ڷͷԣ˳õġ
ĻѾҪˣ˭Ҳû뵽ף̴ȻѸԼݣᶣǳԴ˲ϣܶ
ȻСһ㣬һ㣬ʵСѾԵˡ
Сȣˣˡ
ף̴Ȳ֪뵽ʲô΢΢Ǿ˵ˣҪڷǰ
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30 
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뵽СԼҲԼѳԷ,ף̴ǵЦ²ȥ,ɰ
˫Ͳʮǧ,Ҳôɰ˶ӴӴ
ѽ촩һз,һͺܻúö,cp۷ʲôæ,Сȳȥʢװ,ȹӴΣͱ˳ȥôأС˼һࡿ
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Сϲ,ϲëס
ѺҸܱһԸ,һԼ,Ǹûᡣ
ȱĿȥĿĵأѵʱѾڰŪ,ȹһڵ,˲¶õЦ,,Сѡ
һƬĻ,òɷ
ȴûƵ,߹ȥͷܡ
СѣԸҺЩĸ𡣡
ԷȻϲݵġ
Ϊ˽ļ治̫ΣҲûоܾ͸ü¡
ܲ鿴ƬʱЦӯӯޣСĵĺúŶףʦһԼҲ𣿡
ԷȻѵ˵۾
żְûڣˡ
ƽʱ̫գҲû˵һʱգףʦûкء
ܲɫʣʲô
ᵽףʦɫ͸һ㣬ֱЦѹȥҺףʦȥèˣèùԺÿɰһֻ˾ϲˣССģر﷭СͷףʦҲϲüδһˣ뱧ףʦϣߣǳ˺ʣҲóԣҿԳһ㺣ʣףʦҲԣ˺öࡣ
ܣ
ֻһʣ˵ôʲô0֪ףʦһ졣
еǿջЦǺܺˡ
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һžͿףʦڿжలġ
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ְֽ̳ĽԲĺƯѰһµ̵ķˮ׽˽ȷճﳳֵȥһ֣ףʦ־ߣǲǽĿʲô°ˣǹȥһۡ
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궿ˣԴͦ


31 
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ĿҲжĲУһ˰סίԼԥ˵
øжףʦ˺úQAQ
ԷҸʲô
ף̴ֳһӣߵעӣɿڡ
æջߣŵŶһͷԽӡ
ӰƤʵ̵Уոպء
ΪԼԽӵˣٽζˡ
ѻ̵ʱ򣬸ڳԳʵڳԲµԼѣʣµĽѾˡ
Ա˳ԲĽӣֹԼѺĻը˹
ǣһԽô죿
̴˵ֲŸǣϣôͺһܶһ
ûѰɣ˹ܱ׷ģʶԼˣ˵þǰŮѵĹϵ
ܲҲô
ֶˣݡ
Ŷܲ÷¹ŮѲμۣչcpô
˱ֳʶһǿһͣѵcpѾȡˡ
ʵ⿴˹˶ľٶһ꣬԰
ôҪ𣿽͵͵ףʦһ¡
ƽʱҲϲԣżСһ㣬ûֻףʦ
ʱת۾͵ϣĿûʲôţѾͺףʦһڻ԰ﵴǧ죬ССһ˽⡣
ϵдŻڣѺף̴˫򱼸ȻӹɵģܻдҲܲµΨһ˲ȷģԼѻд˭
ӽĿʼĵһ죬žͶף̴ȣֺף̴ԼᣬȻԼоͦǿģûй˶ڵĻھǻдף̴ȡ
й˶ڡ˵ˡ
˶ԼռͦǿģԼһĸоԼʣĽӣ
Ӧòдף̴˰ɣ
ڲ²⣬ԼѱҲܾᣬֻԷǿмϵϵʽֽ̯հһƬ
˾һʼף̴ȳcpף̴󱳾ãԸ⣬Դף̴ȸƫѣֺ͹˶һѺ󣬹˾͸Ϣ͹˶ʶΪʲô˵ץι˶ʶԷҪԴ
ǡôʹ˶Ҫء
ԼΪԲֶεκˣֻй˶ֻй˶С
ֶΣȥʹ˶ҪԴ
š
Լҧҧ꣬ʣд
ˡ
űˣͫȻһ
ƺµĻ˭
űʵֳٳٲɣһԼֱʱرˡ
ٷֱ豸𻵣Ҫһ¡
ȡʱ䣬ƨƨȥ¥ȡţԼѣִ˸кԷ߽ˣ΢׵㶣ʣѼѣ岻ôеס
촽ͦġ
ԼѺ֪ӦǣǿһЦȥ񣬡û£еˣûϢá
ŶҪúϢѽõȦǱǮ
ã֪ˣлл㣬Сѡ
仰Լѵ˵ĺģദӡõʵѡ
ȥˣҿףʦдʲô
Դ֮·Ѿʮ϶ף̴ȻдŸˡ
Ǳ˵ô˵öԷʲôʤ߶ߵĵ󣬵仰˵ģ뿴ף̴ȸдʲô
ǵģһ𻹲
Լҡҡͷ߹ȥ䣬ȻҲһš
ֱ仹û˿ֻܽѵֱ俴һۣĻ˵硣ֱôˣԼŵ˭
оеˡ
ǹܰɣҿϲԼѺһ𣬿ͲסįԼѣ
пܣڲỹԼѷɣ
˵/ҿ
ѱıQQˣpdȴûȥԼķ䣬һŤͷͽף̴ȵķ䡣
pd
˿OVO
ףʦ𣿡
ûһ͵õ˻Ӧţһ
ԡҵţЩʧ
Ŷ
Сʵ£۾ҲҿʱŰó𿪿
д˵濴ţС£
ף̴ȸϴ裬żԼİɫ˿˯£īʪţмƵƤܵǰͣµˮ
ѻûüţ״æվüͬףʦôͷͷðġ
ȳС˵仰ٻȥͷף̴ȣ
أǽĿ׼Ҹ㴵ɣףʦ
ڵĺܣף̴Ҳûоܾͷţԡȥţﶼдʲô
˻϶ԷԼ
Сһ죬ָʾҵе㲻˼˵ѣҪԿģñ˵ģҶԼû㡣
˵һʱЩԹף̴ջǾ仰һãһԼ
ܻῴġ
š
𻶿
ֻеůĴͷϣһôͷҲǼۺ鷳¡
˿ֱ䣬ӲǿѸף̴ȴʮӵͷ
֣Ȼһֶ޵ܰС
ͷף̴¥ţһš
õ⣬һܵģѾǰܵˣûףʦȻҪ
û뵽ףʦֻҸдţ
ಣβƳѾ˲ֱӣ͵͵̧ŤŤָҲʶȹߣһڴдš
л˵
ÿ춼ڴ̸ϣҵxpֿͷ[ͷ]


32 
СͰ͵,һ㿴ף̴Ȳջߣһ
һ,ף̴ȳԴˡ
Ĳ̫ϲף̴,Ҳð,cpʵ̫ˡ
پڲеĵڶ,СԼΨһһ,㿴ٰȥġ
ֽƽϣдСĻ,ףʦףʦ,ҪһҿԵ㣡
ΪҪѸдŶٿȻס
ף̴ȣ
һŤͷֶСڴޱȵĿ⣬
䵭вżŭ,ܣ
ͷ׼ŵ,˿ҲЦǰ,,ҼҴʲôʱ˶,Ҳ
,СƻյһѺ֡
ܾˣ,СŶһ,ȻԼ,ףʦдš
ףʦֻд,С
˲ˡ
˿ôʲô,仰ף̴,еֵֹġ
ãɬ
˻
˻˻
˻˻˻
¥ϱΪ
㣬ôңôôҡ
ߴָŵ°ڣҿףʦ
ף̴ȻǺܵΪʲôܣ˶ԽС
ķ˿ÿ춼Уף̴ҲһˢcpƵʱģ͵͵о˳ڣܷ϶Է
ǲС
СŤŤģף̴Ⱦģ쳤ϣ˵˲㡣
ѣ
ίףʦѧˡ
ǣףʦô۸ء
ףʦ۸СˣҿС
ף̴ȼСһģ̲סִЦ⣬˫͸⣬ľСǹС
ֱʮͽˣַ˿᲻ã׷ڵĻԡѾû뿪ףʦֱ䣬pdһͷҲףʦķ˿˵ټ
ȶȸߣѣף̴ȳܣ
ף̴ѿˣ
ף̴ȽѹС
ѵң
ݷߵֱҲսмαһ䣬ڴϿ⼸ѣԽԽôˣѶ˵ô練ƣ
ף̴ȵķȸpd˺̲ȥС˵ʱ仹ŶĻ𡣡
ףʦ졣
ף̴ȵͷûеȶԷ׳⣬ʣͽǸй𣿡
ǵöԷʲôǸ˳СͲ̫ˣԷСҲܸоС֪ʱίˡ
ѱûݷɵģû뵽ףʦ˵˫գգҹ˾ˡ
ţ֪йҿ㲻̫ϲ
Сڿʱ˵һ˾ġ
ԥԥоЩ˵ֵֹġ
ף̴ûõò𰸵׼Ưķһ˵ӡ
ѲС˼ңҺڹ˾Դˣ

˿ܶ𣿡
ף̴ȸоû֣ѶѵǷ˿ܶࣿ
ҡҡͷǰǹ˾ĳܣҪʲôԴܶġ
Ȧֱ˾ռߣûб˸бõ¡
ף̴Ȳϲ
ԺҪʲôԴҲҡ
ֱ׵ȻҪɽ˼
һ£ǲǳ𣿡
̧ͷƳһۣҵܲϲ
ҲҲ·Ѷ˻ϲߡ
СæҡͷҲҲһ
һˣԸԴġ
СҲУҲԡ
ף̴ȶСһЩֱʾΡ
ĿһȻջߣǲˣʵôء
ѵĹ˾˵ʲô˾Ҫһ鷳Ҳס
ˣһԼõģףʦûоüѼѺ͹ܺ죿
һԣȤȻ
ţ֪𣿡
Ȼ֪һ飬ѣ
ͷѽѽףʦҰɡ
ף̴ȾܰԵҲɰЦЦڣ˵һͬˣŹ͹ܷˣҲ֪ǲԼѡ
ںȦΪܶ೤Դ˸ԼҺӲҪŲԵ̸ԷֻͼǮ
ۣǴ˵еĸ뿪Ů𡣡
Ѿ̾
ţöǰˣԼѵĻʱӦøճУ԰
СֲþסǮջ󡣡
̾ף̴ȲɨһۣȻҲС
СֻжʮͷҲǸ뿪У԰͡
ü̫ˣأܾסǮջ𣿡
ãȻİһ֪ôԼˣܳʵĵͷܰƬͦġ
ף̴ȣ
СҲǵŮˣ˵ʲôѾ˻ΪǮͷˡ
ף̴Ȼתƻ⣬ǵºܺҿ˰һ¡
СϲԣûȤСģҲδɡ
ҡҡͷ־ܾˣǻˣ̫á
˽°һ¸оûʲôרȥеֵֹġ
ſϣô˸ǷףʦϢˣҪȥ˯
š
ף̴Ӧһŷֿ
һԼûеŹڵţ˶Ƣ˵ϣοдˣдʲôܸ˿ݣӲŵ㣬Լ͵͵ŷ⡣
ֽд֣һоǴӽԺֻдŸңٸдԣ˵ĻһҲǡ
һԵôҲûб䡣
ԼЩεЦˡ
ʣͷʹ𣬱Ǹ̫ûˣСҧ㣬һ嵭ģˣţҪ
ԼѲЩң͵վĻѾȫ޷עˡ
˶գ
Ϊоͷһ㣬ǡ
ꡱ
ŵԼ˲ͷˡ
һͣţˡŮ䵭Ȼš
Ѳʮ˯ˣڶߵһ죬ϴ¥ӡ
Ͳó̫࣬ףʦ𴲵ʱ䣬Ե̫˻Ӱ緹ģֻףʦʢȣŵٸϸӣϸĵףʦ֣ųȥܡ
ףʦܣֻԼһˡ
ҵpd豸ں׷Ȱpd׷ˣֱڱpdҲҪţ˵زġ
û취ֻ΢ٶȣȥ˵ˣϴ˸¥վڲԵףʦǿƲסϽܹȥ壬ףʦˣ˽ӣеˣԸһȡ
ף̴Ƚ촩䱳ĺ͹װ㣬쪸ֱ۰׵ĻۣǰһһƤö˵Ҫոȥˣ
ѣ
ֱڣ˵ʲô
ЦˣһΪСȾܾСѳأӲһʹ˶װˡ
Ǵ˼ҳ̫ܵˣɡ
£͸۾ãȻһŷӦЦûסǿѹ£ԼЦԻˣףʦѾߵˡ
ף̴ȣ
ߵ㣿
ҪǲμƽĿҪҪͣ˵Ҷߵ㣬㲻˵Ҫһ
ף̴ɫһӾͲÿˡ
ѷֺæںһܺòãףʦһҪȻһȦ𲻸ѽףʦ˶ҲƯ쪣ˡ
ף̴ĿޣοҪǮƵӿ
cpԴӷǾһֱһ⼸Ӻùأָ߾̴˵죬ϲǵ̴ҲûȻϲɩӣɷɩӿĶԣǽֿ쪣ˡ
㲻𣬲ˡ
Է˵žҪ¥ûɣ뵽Լ˼ǾСܣһСȻѾˣһ˲ﲻˡ
ಽĸš
˶Լô
ɫеԼѲɫôˣѴкϺãѼһ𣿡
ʡ
˶ͷˡ
岻
Լҡҡͷѣöˣлл㣬Сѡ
ǡ
Цз޷޲ƽ岻˭߰ǰģһ㲻ҵĺã˼ҾϹ䣬лл̬ôã岻ѵһ۸

ֻһڣ˶ˣԼҲ˵ʲô˶ӣʾҪھͷǰ衣
ѻ˵ϣǶĻԳԣ˾һ¡
չ˵Ļеģֹף̴Ҳܼչ˰֡
˵꣬ף̴ˣȫûҪ˼һûٺͱ˵æ׷ȥףʦȵѽףʦ㻹û緹أҸòã
Ѽ絽˼ߣţԷ岻ãһɣҲܺóԵģԵǴģһȺòã
˺Ϊˣߴֺõ˵һѡ
ף̴ͣ£ȥһ·øҡ
ŶǲҪȻһ°ɣ˶á
ף̴أҲȥܲˣĵһۣܣҪԼܡ
˵俪Ž˷䣬Ȼһѹ⡣
Ҳסˣֻӣվš
ܲףʦֻѩ׵Ĩ¼ӱɴ磬ͬɫȿ㣬𣬲ϹſſԲϴһֻ׹ȥƯżˡ
СÿСȵĵһ۶ᱻ
ˮСһ㰡һûӣ
ף̴ʵ
Ÿʲôһû緹
˺׽ˣϤٶȶף̴ȵķ˿˵ˡ
˭Լףһø߹ĽŲһµʱ䣬͸ǣˣԷͷ
ǴȿǺԸµġ
ŶŶȥһȣҪȻܲһܣ
룬ѻ̲ס顣
ף̴Ȳɲһֱ߳
޿ֵ̣һۣˣҲˣҲϲܡ
ͲʱȫСͣ˷ѣȻԶ˳ȥˡ
ŶܾͲܣʲôѽ
ˣίյģף̴ûôˡ
С¾𣬻СƢ/
û㡣
һԲߣΪˣոյ䵭ˣŤͷ׷ȥûףôҲô
ûȡ
ˣҲǸСġ
Ҳףʦ֪ԼС𣿡
ף̴ȣ
ָҲˡ
һֱܹ壬Ӫķ˯ֻҪǶ岻õҪ߶߶ģף̴һȻʶԼȥв
ƫԷܳһף˲ˣ˺ˣҲˣȥϵңҸһȣٺһƿţ̺òã
ţ̵ģܹ
ף̴ļ䷺ͷûȥţվڳ棬ذָų̨棬ҿ
cpҷҲʾûۿ
ⶼ˳ʲôˡ
ôв˵𣬵ģԲԡ
Եѡ
Ѹ˽ӣһֽһţ̣һ߶˳ȥһߺ緹
ǳ극ٳȥ˺Ե㡣
仰Լʲôһ˷͵öԵ㡣
ף̴ţȴӦĺܸɴ࣬á
Ѿϰ˱СලŶڡ
Ӧߵǰ£ףʦԽӡ
ףʦúÿԶҲÿССڵģš
ʦҲˣô簡
ݷɸ˯ף̴ڳͣ뵽쵱žͷ治ԼӣⲻкֻѴк
˵ˣѴһѻϴ*׵ġ
μӵղ࣬ûУ֪˵һһжҪڿģôûòĳһ΢ˣǰݵ¶̴ǳ
ݷɶԽĿһ֪ױɬЦ߽ʦ緹Ҹ˯ѣû緹ء
ͷҲأףʦĿĳ࣬Ͻӣڹ֪ǳûȥɡ
ĸҲ֪ĸĹʦҿ¡
Ǹɾߵĳ磬ƫƫ˵ϲƤ˸оѸء
ף̴ɨһۣպðҧȥ˵Ҫȥ𣬻ߣ
ߣ߰ףʦʲô
ǵú˵ϹȥУŤͷֻһ䣬Լȥɣÿһ飬û˾һ£м
κһˣӦû󼦵
ȷš
ݷɲŵУƨƨ߸ף̴ˡ
˿һЩοһЩӣСûףʦһ֮ǰֻίʲôʱôݷɹ
wuliСҲпɽˣСҪúñϵСѽ
ûãһʮ۸ֿʼ䲻ҽˡ
ܰԴס
̴㣺Ǻǡ
籾ᶨðݣһǾ籾أҲСȻϲѡ
Ҳף̴ȻԽ۽־籾


33 
ϽĿĳȥ,ĿǳԸһԣϾȶȸߣҲ鷳,;͡
,ȥףʦһ֭,Լû,С߶߶,ٺȡ
ף̴ȣ
Ⱦͺȣֵȥ
СǼϸ,žͲ֡
,ҾֻؼƣϱQAQ
緹𣿡
ţԵģٷŵ,ֵġ
ּҳǲ˵ġ
ԷС
ף̴û˵ʲô,ͷ,һ˳С
˶Ѿеϰ,һ߽ȥ,ѱסѩ˳ָ,ףʦȥϺɡ
ף̴ȱסҲﲻ,ͷ,,Ϻ
оĲﾭϺ
û취ѽ,ףʦϲϺ,ҵȻҪ,㻹ʲôϲʳ𣿡
ף̴΢΢һ㶣룬ֻǶ˼ڣء
ʵҡͷûˣС
Ŷٳװɣòã
š
ӦˣһӰŵӣùѽ
õ۾ʼѡϺ
һҵϺÿͷͦģҲʻҪQ¡
Ϻȥףװһӣӵﳵ˹Źŵѿ⻹ʣ˳һһţŹǣ׽ԣţţ档
ָһˣ滹֪ôأʲôҪףʦԵĿɵץһ㡣
ף̴ȶԳʲôʵû̫ҪѷҪලԷоÿԳԻ߲ԶУûٶȵͷ
ߵ߲ʱ˼ܲء
ܲԳóӪҪԵܲ۾á
ٸ㳴˺òã
á
һʣԷһӦ
ʲôԡ
һˣһϺһףһţ⣬ڼαʮ⼸Ҳ͹һ˼ڵġ
еͷƤˣǸףʦˣҲöˣȻЩĻ
ַȥһЩŹǲཷ⣬Ź
һ߹һﳵӶһͼӵĹﳵ΢΢ðˣףʦҪҪӰٺϸ
ȡ
һ仰ȥһЩӰٺ轣ȷڽĿ´ι¼Ƶʱٸףʦ
˽ȥ˴Ҳˣ¥ĺǴкȽһĲˣۣô𣿡
ţҺףʦȥһ㣬֪ԡ
Թԣ϶ԵģǶأԵ٣һСͺˡ
˵ʾġ
̾˿䣬Ϊʲô᳤֣ᰡ
ȽѧҲ̾˿ĿЦ
̣αﱾķ˿ģҲȽϴ󣬵Ըûʲô㣬ȽҰҺĶǰ漸θƺͳ¾ɫܶѡĳ¾ӵ˲СĹעȡ
Ѿֱֱ̫ȥˣ֪ӣеȴϲԸ
˲˺˻Żģڶ쵽緹ĵˣȽûͣأһĲˣˮѣȥϴ˰ǿʼ¡
еҪˡ
ðףʦϢһȥŶ
ף̴ȿһۣȥĴһ壬ҿ
ŶףʦҪҪˮٸһ
ȡ
ôҪҽԣѲǹҽιְɣ
¥ı޵ˡ
СݶÿҶϲֵֵ£ܰСι˵ںúСȡ
ûĿ֮ǰСǳԷҲżΪԭͣݼˣ˿۵С
ѺͼŮڳϴˣмαеʰĹ
¾յ˾ľˣֺܶ࣬Ҳ˷ѽľٶûһ
˵˸ɴҪ˵˵ʱ˹ڿܻᵭ£̴ÿæź˴ܣҲûһֱ׷
ֻѱΧʱĬںһڹҲˡ
ҪĶǳˣΪ˷ֹˣֻȰʳĴãһǺܿ졣
ݷûҵȣpd˵Ѿ˳ˣطһʱŮαһڣȽдŵĳȽȽأȥˣ
û¸ɣһмαأָָæأҪ壿
治壬尡
ݷɾܾˡ
ȥ濴ɡ

˵˼ҶŮ棬ȥһϵദҲԷô˵
˱ﻹǱȥˣĬĬſ塣
Ƕڰʦ㾭˿˵Ҫҵģһ춼ҲˣҺò׼һΡ
Էɣϣѹһͷ
£̧ͷãȻһ𣬲ǲżСʱ𡣡
ŴףʦȥСʱ
˵˶ѣݷ˵Ҳ̫ˣһ춼ڡ
ף̴˫ֻأ俴ȥ׽ĿôѡαģѡһЩ档
ûû𣬻Ҫչˣ
ͶѸƫһЩյദûбѸˡ
ϲȴܽѳ⻹˵
ôһ룬ף̴ȸܲ˶ָʹˡ
ɫ䵭
ݷĲУŮôǶ̬ôˣ
û˵ڸʦ˵
ѵ¹ҹܡ
ף̴ɫΣգˮѾ˵ļһŪĿˣ֮ǰͶùϵһˣһ۲ճҲС
ݷû뵽ף̴ȿģҲˣȻ˵ֻŵ۾еղȥ
ĻѾྷˣ˻ûһҪ˼ҵ£һ˿ôŶ
һˣСʲôʲôùףʦܣףʦռǿϡ
˵˲㣬Һͬһ˾ģ˾ûйܵô࣬ƾʲôܣ
֪ݷɿ׵˵ԸΪݷɵǰ;ڽĿֱ䣬ֻҪһ˵ԵĻˮ³Ȼʱûá
ʵڲ˵˾͵˰ɣѾں·ߵ׼¿ôף̴˵̲ס˿ԣܲܲҪһǵĵ
ɵˡ
ݷɻ˵ûãĻûӦڿڴֻѾ𶯸ͣˡ
ҲֱӹҵҪ
Լûòһ㣬ףʦҲҪףʦܣףʦܡ
Сõ˲ףʦ˵㣬ҵȻףʦܰ㲻˵㿴ֱ㲻֪Һףʦкø𡣡
ݷֻкøжѣû̸㣬Ȼ˵ûǸԣҵû𣿡
ҲͻأûòģôûòףʦȻҪҰ
˸ִһʣԱϴ˵ļαŬŵᣬ͵
һڽĿֱӿ˺źô̼
ֻȽȽϸӣվСﳤù˧أӴһ£ô͸оι״ģСӦǰȻֱֱ׳СѴ
˼ŮͬĴһ
ҲԷĹԵһ¡
ϾǱ˵£ȽҲ˵ʲôĬĬԹϵˡ
ݷɾһ˾𣿣
ҲǸϷͱ˰ˣûԹʲô࣬ί̲סҪֻ˳ϡ
һ˾Ҳܲ㲻ķˡ
ˣ
ף̴ȣ
СҲôڲͬ
ЦƳݷһۡ
ֱżæŽ˳ȥ
ղˣ
ף̴ǳǳЦ⡣
ѵȻ񾭲ǰڹ˾Ǹ񾭲ڲĸˡ
ôôҵ˰
ߣˣףʦһҪԵ㣬Ȼһֱ
ף̴ʮΣ㲻𣿡
Ȼǰףʦ˵ô᲻ˡ
ΪαҪͷңҲ̫һ㡣
˿ȥݷɹ㳡ˣһ仰ʱըˣʲôҽôҪͷҽ㣿ɱģҾ˵СǺù
һֱֱĹڶˣĸ̴һǰԷܣҲܳͷҽ㣬ҽʲôǰСͷֻûĵСߣһ㣬Ҫٺֻһˣ
ѽܲˣ̴Ǳ˭˽ħ˼µСֶζ
̧°ͣƫͷҪԵ㣬ģģ㲻Ҿһֱ㡣
ᶨҪΪף̴ȡ
ԷֻȷţúúãСԽԽˡ
˿ԣ
ŲأĺܺóԵģףʦÿֻһ㣬Ӫ
һһ˵ʮ棬ʳ͹ף̴۾Сȷʵе㻵Ҳܹ˶ں塣
ţǾİɡ
Լ岢⣬Ը⣬Ҳͦ˵ġ
л˵
ȸǧʮ֮ǰǧΪȫڣͻһֱʮ֮ǰ[ͷ]


34 
֪ݷ˵ʲô,֮ʱɫе԰ѿҴھͷǰף̴ȵǸף̴ȸ,һۡ
ɫְ,ָսɿ,û˵ʲô,ֱ¥ȥ,ȻǲԷӣ,ҲԼķ
µ,Ҳˡ
мαгԷæȥæ˲ˣùƨ²ɣһ߶һ߿,С,㰡
ԷԷ,Ҫˡ
ѻڳף̴ʢ׷,ףʦ˵׷,ᶨÿ춼Ҫ׷,ȻûһҪʢԷ,û˵ʲô,ֱ˳ˡ
˹ͨ,ֻʢһŮȭͷС׷
пյĻٸٺӸ
ȽԴչ,ʲôٺӸ,Ҳ,㲻ֻףʦɣ
һЦ
ôСԴ󷽵ȻУ㶼˵ˣҿ϶Ҫķݰ
ڼαϵġ
ն뷹İԣվǰ
ѱסȥ·һ£ãȻܣ
˶ͷҲŰܹвһƣҪ
ԣпվôˣ
һαע⣬еš
ף̴ü΢΢ȥͬƱˣС𣿡
˶Ҫ˵ġ
ʲô˵ģѵҪ𣿡
֮ʳģȻôһԼҪһ롿
Сڻޣð
ҴŮȸõСѡ
˶ף̴ƣŷӦʲôͷҲŻһЩһ𡣡
ѣ
ͺܺǵ£ܿŲ񰮳ʳģ̲סʣǼѼҪ𣿡
˶ͷţ鲻õʱϲԵġ
Ӧþûù
ۡ
ۡ
ۡ
֪ʲôΣۡ
Ҿ֪ǸԼҪġ
ãǹܳԲԣ
Ӧ˺ʡ
˶ҡͷҲԣһݾͺˣлл
òãҺͼѼҲѣ㲻˵ѼҪҲġ
Ƣܺá
ԼΨһеĸҾԼһֱף̴дţΨһĸҲûԼûдŸףʦ
϶д¼αˣ
ٺ٣Ǿͺܺˡ
Ҳܻع;͸ˡ
ܸдţףʦ
˶ͷֵһлת뿪Լߡ
˵ĻԼȫڶû˵ҪӸǹ˶Լ˵ģҲҷ˶˵鲻áʵûС
û鲻á
ԼѴǰһʢƽѩ׷
ԷԼ࣬ԡ
ҳԲôࡣ
Լѿһ۹˶ǰķʢķȻԼĲࡣ
Բʣҳԡ
ԷּȻ˵仰
ԼŭͲŪһ𣬷ҪһŪôѿ
񾲵ĺƢѵ˵ǲһĻ˶˶٣΢ȴûѶԷ׷ϵԼ
⻥Ȼֱ˿ξòԣϤһһʵǸԷ̫Ϥˡ
Ĺһ̹ܿİɣ
оǰ޽㣬ȷٿ
ף̴ʶ¡
һʱף̴ȼһֻϺ
ףʦɣȥͷ˱ѿǵġ
ϺصģҲһ̰Ƶģ˿ףʦϲˡ
ף̴΢΢ͷϺ
ó𣿡
ճһڣԱ˾۰Ͱʡ
ֻÿڣСһ˳ޣţܺóԣҺϲ
ѹȻЦˣһ˫Ư۾Ц
ϲͶԵ㣬ҷŵͲ࣬Ҽҳ˲ˡ
仰Ѿܶˡ
֪ˣҲ԰ɣ𣿡
緹ԳԵ΢һ㣬ûʲôѾĹˣոʢʱ򶼸ˡ
Сһ죬˳۽޲˲ԹŶһеҾͳԣ㲻˼С
⻰˵е˿Цˣһ˼С
žֱ˵㲻˼Уҽڡ
ף̴̧ȥһ죬Ѹ˺ָʢף̴ܲһΡٸʢһԡ
˵ҲǲˣΪ¶ҪˣԼϸҲе㲻Уȷʵרһڿʵˡ
ףʦͳۺˣҨС뻨ףŪһٲˣش䣬ǿžӪʢ
ַ˿̹ˣչΨһŵ㡿
ǣָСŵأ̸ֲָֻŵġ
˶ѧһԲԼҲ˺ܶ࣬һ仰û˵һ޵㡣
Ѻף̴ȣֻжԷ˶оΧ¶ƾսʮȡ
Լָ΢΢ſЩ˵ʲôһȦΧľͷû˵
л˵
OK£ûк·ˣٲʮ֮ǰҽʧȥҵȫ[ŭ]ʵҴӴѧдĻһµȫڣܽıû[ŭ]


35 
緹,ףʦڻ԰ɢʳǧϸա
ⶰĻ԰ƯճƬġ
Լס,ףʦϲ,,һס,ףʦҲ,϶ĵÿһŶÿ
ȥòѽ
ֻСʡ
Ŀ¼ֽ,ףʦӴһ
Ҳ,ʵԷ
ף̴ûоܾţҸݲ衣
һҶ
ѺȲô߼Ķ,ͬûоܾ,ͷ,,Һһ㡣
ҲҪףʦϲĶ
ص,ʱݷ¥,ɫһǱ˾Ǳ߽ˣòܶ,ףʦ,,ʦ
ѳͬ˾Ĺϵ,˵ͷ,ף̴ȸ,һС˾񾭲
һ뿪ֻ¥Щ޴ݷɡ
ݷ֪Ҫڹǰסİɫֱʰñ飬̧ͷpdֱ豸Ϊ˵һ䣬ףʦҵô찡
ĴѲӵ̴㣺֪ôȥ
ӸҺСȸܡ
춾ĺðġ
ѵðף̴ȷŶԷݲ衣
ҲȲ
㾭иӹ𣿡
ףʦʡ
ѵͷţ¼ڼ䲻ĳ磬˸ҽ˼ˢˢ
ûʱˣ
۾һֱͦףʦҪԼҳȥ𡣡
ף̴ȸһܿƲס΢΢ȷʵС棬СҪǾˡ
ֵڵˣȻǹҪ
ûУȹɡ
ʸڷϣѾˣ
СˣױһСҺͺҪһŶ
㱾͵͵ϢͺˣҪ߱ˣñ˿֪ҪûϽģٺ٣뵽ףʦһ棬еˡ
˿ҲûϾѾȦģˣϽ飬궼Ƿ˿һ磬²ֽˣʱ˿Ҫ磬ôҲ˿ʾ⡣
˵ҲȵcpһӳΪcpҵۺԸȺú¼ա
Ļ˿һһֻ۵͵Ļƶ飬ϣк͵ǣҲ˽һʲôġ
̴㲻һֱ˵Ǿ籾𣬿ڶҪԼ˰
ǣ̴û˵
ۼɩӳ棬Լҽɩӻôãǰδеĺã˿ڷ硣
ǣʲô籾̴˵ֻǺڷ˵ģ
ĺڷ۾ȻƤף
ף̴Сɰ䣬ĻҲɸЩ
ǳԸɡ
ѽѽ
ѸջĴӦ֪뵽ʲôüС˲Щ˵ίףʦҲܳĲˣ֣ʱֲҷˡ
ף̴ȣ
ǣô죿
һһչȥ˼żСףʦҪҼҳԷɣѽ
ȥС
ף̴ָ΢΢˶ûȥСļҡ
һס𣿡
ʡ
͵ͷ԰԰Լסףʦ£ûб˵ģҸԺòã
Ŷûѽ
ŶǺܾˡ
ţûǱѼֱֳǿ
ܸоλᷢһЩΪ֪£
ţá
ף̴״Ӧˡ
Ļһظģ飬飡
˵顿
ף̴˫΢ǰʱֵ䵭Ѿʧܾˡ
룬ҶСһ飿ýˢҾͿʼԼҲ֪͵͵עˡ
ңѲŴףʦķ¥ȥһЩԡ
ܺԼҲ¥£ڿԣԼڿ顣
ѴкܣѼѡ
˶΢΢ס
ԼҲվǴкȥ˯𡣡
ûۣҺףʦڷء
˯ϻ˯ŵģϷʱ̫ۣ˯
ڷ죿𡣡
˶䲻ʣԼѼ΢ЦҲ֮ӲҸо亹Ҫˡ
ǡû˵ʱ£ΪֱȽϴ³¹˶ڷ䣬ֶţ͹ƭ˵¼ղܴڷڿаȫһ㡣
Ѳ֪ԷΪʲôôʣͷȻ
˶
ɨԼһۡ
Լ΢΢˳ǣЦҪһ𣿡
ҡͷȥӸһ㣬ҲǵóԣףʦҪԱĻȺģ
ġ
Ŷ
СԹԴӦıȥ˳ף̴Ҳں氲ĸţ˹ϵȻʮҪãѾ˱˶岻ȥĵز
ԼЩп˱Ӱһʱʧ߾Դڿʲô
һæջߣŴĬ
ǡ
ֱӸˣ˲ٶ˵
˶Լʢһ룬ԼԥСù˶Ҳȥԡ
Ƴһۣԣˡ
Ȼ¼ڳ쵽ֱ⣬¶ѩ׵Сۣϴһ˿۾칫ӽֹˡ
ԼǰϲˣÿһҪȥ
ѶʢһӸ˶ı飬һ㡣
ף̴ڲǰţֻʢһ룬̲סʣ㲻Ҳˣ
ԣҳԣҾͳһͺˣܳԱġ
ԭף̴û˵ʲôȶԷӸͰĵͷӳԡ
ӸŴζܺá
ֻһС룬Ա߳ԡ
Ƕϰ棬ϲһ
⻭治ǴС
¾£С/ۡ
ֱտʼʱû˾ף̴ȻսĿŮѣû˾ף̴Ȼһ
ڣûΪװףֶΨ⡣
ʱת۵ϣÿﶼԼĿ꣬дŵٶȺܿ죬ԥд˾ͰսĿ˳¥Ͷš
Ѹףʦ߶߶˺ܶ࣬Լг̰ţʲôʱпջϢ˵
ף̴ȿʱ̲סЦˣ߶һ䣬ɵӡ
Ǹɵӡ
Ҳȥףʦдţط𿪿ǺһԼ࣬Ҫгŵ̫עϢ
ٺ٣ٺٺ١
žһɵЦ
մף̴ֱף̴ɵӵķ˿
Ҳû˵ȷʵɵġ
ڶ죬ǰһ컹ҪţţһͣȻȥܣϴһ˶¥£װ·
½мα¥Ǵкüּα극ŵȵ٣һ߹ʵף̴ȡ
촩ǺɫҲȹԲʯŨܵĳȹֻȣ¶ѩױֱСȣƯ·ˡ
Ѱ*һֱԷߵǰʲô
Ǹѣף̴ȴ˿˫͸峺Ҳż⣬ƻСֱ˳ֵ¡
Ѻݺ¿ˮ죬ԡ
ζףʦ˶٣Ļںף̴˵ĶǣüôˣһӻС͸ˣСĻش𣬡ţ̶࣬ȥȥҪҪȣ
ţȡ
Ķʲôʱܾ
ף̴˵׼ȥûֱ˺סȥһٳԷɡ

˵ʲô
׵һ¶ô顣
ظ˵ȥһóԷ
ף̴ȣ
ݽӲ˵ԺҲ𣿡
ͷףʦ˵û󡣡
ǣҪҪټһ㡣
ĻЩЦˣΪС˶С伫
ٺŮôɰȥ˶ɡ
Сû˶ϸò׾˶һΣѸˣģ

һ˾ף̴ȶ˵˲ˣŸ߸Ьװɵǿȱܣѵѳ
cp۲˶θɣȥѳҲ˳裬С裬Ϊ˭һǸû˳Ұˣ
Ѱ˼Сȵķ¥ϰ߸ЬȥһҪ˵Сֲû죬ܾ˻治ܾܾͺ˰ѻ
ϳһƬµ˲֪
һ˫۾ģ˵ӡ
ף̴ɫ΢٣ֻܾС¶ѹɫüĿЩΣҧҧȥ·ɡ
˵꣬ѩ˳ָ˴ţС
ֺˣð˭ǻСˣҲŲǡ
ףʦ˵ġ
ף̴ȻһɫĹװȿ㣬ɫģԺβƯ
ܣҪǿСҲӦ
Լֻڿʼǰ͸С˵ã˾Ͳˣ㲻ܡ
ţõѽףʦϰϰߣ˽ֻһǧףϰٸĳǧס

һǧʲôٵ
ף̴ȶʱڴӦˡ
˵Щңףٶˡ
ѣ
۾֮ȥ
ǣֻף
ײǼٳ̵
̽ʣܣ۵ģҲֻ𣿡
ף̴ȷԼ϶ֻףԼȥ
ԷⲻȥֻӣССŶһ
Ǿʹ׿ʼܡ
˿ֱ⿴ǶҪֵ̫Ѩˡ
𰡡
wuliСҲҪܲˡ
ȣİѾˣϽcp۸㳡ףһ¡
һǧ
һ
һ١
ѿףʦƽʱĲ˶ʱҲŻٶȣףʦһܡ
ף̴ȼģûвԼһԶˣܲųһ㣬һֱߡ
ѻĺ˵
ףʦϲȵ̶໹ģһҪҪȣ
оףʦӦϲȵģʢһ
ȻԷͷţҪġ
˵ᴭһÿɰ
˫ЦһܵļޣĿҪһ㣬Ҳ̫ࡣ
ɢһ߻ȥף̴ȵһθоԼô
ҪȳԷϴ裿
ȳԷɣеˣȥϴ
ãףʦˡ
ۣܸܱףʦء
࡫ףϡʦˡ
ߣĲܣ㲻Ҫٵˡ
ȻܲоҪ˶뷨
ѲϣҾҪףʦһܣܹܣҲһˣףʦҰɣһˡ
ҲǵӴˣף̴Ҳա
ף̴ͷ۵ĺܣܲСܿɰܾСĲ̡
һĵһۣǲҹ
Уףʦ˵ףʦҰףʦۿϢһ£ܾͺˡ
ף̴ȺݺüоԼСƫƫ޷ܾѡ
ҿȥܣܺһܡ
һǿӦܲ£ÿһҪ˶ӡ
ԷһֻҲһСӦǺðɣҪܣܷڡ
ţҲڡ
Էǿ
ָ߸ȥȥˡ
ף̴ڲߵţȴûȵСȵһֻʧС

ôˣ
Сü
ѳ̾һÿ϶ǺӹˣӶ䱿ˡ
ףʦĵףʦ֪ǽ¼ƾͽˡ
ף̴ȣOVO
û
СͷɥòףʦӦһȥܲ¼ƾҪͣˣô
Ѳˣ˼䣬ûµģȻҲܡ
ףʦᷴڰɡ
С۰Ͱ͵Ŀţף̴ظҲڡ
˵˼ְ˺ˡ
ԼҲʢ̶࣬Աһȡ
㲻ǲܺȱ𣬽ϻܲ
ţûʲôӰ졣
ǶϢһ£żЪҲûµġ
ÿ춼ܣ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷϢһͲˡ

ʶСѾˡ
̫Һûġ
𣬼ֳ緹ܳܣѾӮһȦˣҽ㶼ֻ𡣡
̼εܲãÿһڿȾϰȥˡ
úοСһô¡
ٺ١
ף̴ȿеˣЦ仨
ô𣿡
ţˡ
ף̴Ƚ˽࣬ᡣ
緹ӦĿİţȥcpգֻҪcp۴ﵽһģҪģ˿
Ѻף̴ȵcpٵ΢cpڶҪǹˣ˵һøȥĻȻٲǡ
Լû뵽˶һ죬ǾͰˡ
ԷԼ˵ʵѲǹ˶ˮƱˡ
Ʊȥİɣ
ô룬ȴûб¶֡
ֻǵͷͬ˽Ŀİš
ûбûҲûȦԭ
ܾҲûõġ
ǡ
̹Ȼһ£Ŀ˶ʱǽסˡ
ҪҪ
Һ͹˶
˶Ժһɢ࣬ԵЩƯ
ôûҪҪҰ㸴ϰһ¡
仰һԼɫЩ̣ǿЦЦãһᡣ
ĬԱԱ˳ָմϣԷͬһԴ㲻ǸϤĻ
һȥʱǿˣЩɣþûôĹˣ뿪Щ꣬б˱
Ѻף̴Ȼڻ·
ξףʦһױ׼;˵仰Ŀ׼ΣɫĺƯѶ룬ףʦֻ·жÿ
˫/


36 
ף̴Ƥѩ,ϸһΣȻ˵һ۾;Ϊ,˻
ףʦ
ֱ,Ŀ,ף̴ɨһ,Сѵׯ,ͷѹɫͷڹ̶Դ,ղΡΡ,εӡ
˫ǻʣϺɫΣ¶Ƭѩ.µǣֱÿˡ
Ļͣ˼,Ȼ,˰,ҽһ置Ůľ磡
ݿ쿴С,С̫ʺϽŮ,,Ҫˡ
ţݺݳ/ġ
¥ϿӴһ
գյհ԰,ÿһÿˡ
Ҳܺÿ
ף̴۲ת,Ů޵Ĵ,һ,ĬĬƿ
Ѳʲô,ʶҲȥףʦ,ĺۣе
̫åˡ
Щϧѹס˼վš
Ŀкȥգ֪һʻĻСȱָվ﹣ϣһ˼գûһЩãȻ޴룬Ŀͺף̴˵ףʦʦļźհɣǱһ֣΢á
ӰʦЦʮϡ
ף̴ȣ
ֱĹڣOVO
ʦǶǵġ
ļš
ҪҲ˲Ư¹ЩĿף̴ȣǵףʦϲӵ֮ǰ鵽ĳͷӵǾԥһ£ŪƷˡ
Ҫ
ףʦ᲻ѽ
ССĵ̧ۿš
ף̴ȵû˵ʲôɫһ磬ϴǼʵеڣųСֻﲻϰߺͱôܣΪСĹϵûܵӵĳ̶ȣųɵģڣǵľҲƽˡ
ţף̴򴽣ڶֱ豸ע»߹ȥȻִѵļϣȦˣӰʦǰһһ߷񰴿ţһָٽһʦȥףʦףʦڻơ
ӰʦǸŮڽĿ￴ǻǴྣϹ˭t˭pķδͣЪᶨʦtףʦp
Ҫ
ûô˵Сȭף̴һۣףʦ˵˳Ũܵ۽СȵĲţûвԸ˼Ը⣬ͲվŲ
ģСĵסף̴ȵ˱
ȷůĻԣЩӲ壬ҲĽӴĵĲӣ⻬ϸۡ
ף̴ȷʵûвԸ⣬ֵһλãԼЩ
Ӱʦܾûôϲģˣ鼫˷ܣλʦͷ
ף̴΢΢̧ͷϣͬʱȥһ£Ƭڴ˿̡
ʦٻơ
ףʦȥǣʦ֣Ȼһ£ԡ
ʦһֻٴףʦϣýһʦԱһףʦ
߳Щ㶵ӦˣӲԷһЩ
ף̴ȴһ룬һֻ΢΢°ϣȵСЩߵ̧ͷѽӰʦǶӡ
ף̴ȡȡ̧ͷƯ۾ӣβƺ΢΢ŷɫ
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Ǳףʦ׵е㲻ңԾԾԣûףʦ׹ء
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žͺ㣬Ҳкøе˳ԡ
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Ψһ˫ֻѺף̴ˣ˵һ죬һֱ˫
Ѳ˼Ӻף𣬽ңҡ
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ʦԼԸСҸоƺѾΪʦıǩء
ǰиԳǿСëˣ˵˾ȶȣ̫ѿ˵ѲȻĿС˶ǺģµģоСѾΪһרǩˡ
Ī뵽ĳһţףʦС
ûϣֻǳ˵Ӧеɡ

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ţʰ
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һֻȵϣף̴ȴ˳ӵıԷ
СķȻ޹ǲľζȻֺš
ҪԵʲôĽɫ
šһ磬ڸյŮ
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һһԼ˵г˵һ飬ʾһ㣬ףʦûйŶҼҳԷٺһƣ𣿡
뵽Ϣһ죬ԸԼкøеһ𣬳ԷȾ죬һŴڿﴵ磬׷翴գľӿ޷˵ҸС
һֱ
һ˹ڼţһԷһ˵й¶ɢˡ


37 
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ף̴Ҳһ˲,˱Ĵ,΢΢ͷ
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ף̴ȵĲ,Ŵ,ֻһīĸŮ˾۾һ
ѽ,СȽˣ
ԶԶӭȥ,Ŀȴϡ
бڣף̴ɫЩĿһۡ
ף΢ЦСѰ,ĿչС,С,Ǹú,ллˡ
˵ףŵ,˺ܶʵԱ,æ֣ûûû,Ӧõ,ףʦ,Ұųɣ
Ťͷʡ
ף̴ҡͷ,,Ҿ,ͺá
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濴ˡ
쳤ӣΧתһȦȻͷˣףʦף㣬ټ
ף΢ЦŻӻ֣ţ´ټ
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ţã
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ף̴ȿ˻С뿪ıӰֱԷûȺС
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ף̴Ȳֱϳ
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ʵϳһ
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ֱ׻裬ѱԸ赹һˣۺܶ࣬Ǳ߾ͲˣȶҲܸߡ
ܵ˵һյĻ𱬳̶ȾͷǳߣѾҪΪڵһյˡ
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˵ʲôŮѱߵĻˣһӰСµĸ飬ˡ
ˣ㣬ԼֻҪиͺˣҿֱף̴Լȥ棿
ѺҡͷһûѵǼٵģ
Ǿ籾
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ɵúúչףʦҪҪȥһЩõʳ͵סĵط
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㲻ֻؼϵ֡

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š
˫ֱҪǻţ㲻ֻ̫ܳܿף̴ȳԡ

ǳԷѹţ͹
Էѹ˵ġ
ţصĻô֣
㲻ҲԣҵţҰӪʦͽĿ顣
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ɿڻУԱı׼
Ӧˡ
绹ҪȥһµӰĵݣܺǩͬڳϵʱͳֻף̴ȷһ䣬ҵ
һɵЦСף̴ƺҲֻܿһ֣š
ѿһֻۣûһֻһ£Էʲô𣿡
ʵ֣ףʦҪ㵼ݳԷףʦ𣿡
оԼͦģףʦһʲôţˡ
ף̴ȴϣûС
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/СèŽ
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ϲҪɡ
š
ûֻˣǶԷϢʣˣ͵ԼļҾƵԷ
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㿴˻õһۣȥˮͤôˣ
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ǲҪѽ
üģûõӦüȥɫʣôˣ
СףʦȥĳԷҸˣͲˡ
Ҫף̴⣬һᱻʽ
ʲôвˣ
ƽʱȷʵײˣ֪С˼Уһ֣
˭Сһֵûأڲ

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Ҳ׬
գȦҪҵСĴѾȿǼˣֱ˦ͬһͷ
ˬ
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ţ˵ڵĻָĳˣ㵽ʱԣʵĻǾͶˡ
Цеģãллݡ
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̫ʳеĳԾͺܸˡ
ע̫ġ
ɴսѣвһ㾯棬㲻̫࣬һ߲С
ѣQAQ.
ұ߳ԱģżҪھƣΪ룬ѺȾƶСã̫࣬ڱϾ̸ӣҲû취˼ƾܣͶ˼
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Է˵ͷŮرϲ׷˵Ǹգ˵ףССѿ϶̸ˣҲΪĺĲרһʵġ
ЦǺǵġ
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Ȼ˿յЩȣѴסС;˵ȥ䡣
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ף̴ȲͷƤôˣ
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Сѡ
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ǡ
ף̴żҲķǣʶʸڷϣΪԼ˸ɣ˵ҵζԹ
Ǻðɡ
СΪʧͷף̴ȺȻֺˣôҪӣ˵ôأ
Ӧóʵһ㣬
л˵
ûģԵҹޣٺһҹëѪʲôģζ[ͷ]


38 
ġ
ΪԼеʱ,Էָ˿ڣ

СƯ˫˲Ҳ̧,ǲԾ,,ҵ𣿺ٺ١
Цɵӡ
ף̴ҲЦ,ͷ
һľս,ţ,ף̴˽ôСѽ
ף̴Ȧ,û뵽˽ҽʱġ
Ҫȥϴּ߰ɡ
ŶŶ
߷ŵΪף̴ȣԼվ,Ѿ΢΢˻ˡ
ף̴ȵС,ûȸˤˡ
ýû۾,ʲô,ı
ɷ,˵СһŮһʱ,еСǸĵĻС
òǡ
˷ϴּ⣬,۹۱ǱǹĲ˵,ֻ͵͵̧ͷһףʦʢ,һ,ͷ,һ,ٵͷ
ȨƯˣֲôӽȦͺ쵽ڡ
ţŮǽ𡣡
Ȥףʦ˵ˣ
һæ𸴣ûУǿˣǿȥһ͵ݡ
š
ף̴ȵͷʾ֪ˡ
ѺܿϴּʪѾ洵ˣһȥףʦ֣ףʦţСůͣȵö˸һѾ
ˣûզȣֻе
ţȥɡ
ѽ
ףʦǺڽӴеŮͷһЩĬĬףʦ
ף̴Ҳ˵ʲô˺źȥˡ
ʱԵ˶վ·ȻѾˡ
ſڵĶ˵ע⡣
̧ͷף̴վſڣһΪԼۻ軨ˣֱҲȵĺһףС㣬ŷӦ˻ף̴ȡ
æӭȥףСôˣǡ
߽˲ŷһˣ߻СβͣƣһСβͺ֣ϵǡ
Ҳû˵ף̴Ȼ˭õϡ
Ϊף̴ŮԶ׽
˻ѵѾ̸ˣɺŪҵף̴ȣ
ҲûܣȦ꣬Ҫȥ²Է
ţ̸ɣԼȥţ
һͷ˵͡
/.
ûף̴ȻǼĴҲ࣬ˡ
ѵͷ𣿡
ţȻȥ
Ŷá
ѹԹӦˣף̴ȶ˵ͷ뿪
˻һɫ˲䲻һˡ
ǹЦ鲻٣кѣ죬Сϰûɣ㿴㣬ˣҪŮ͡
Щ
һ£ʲôæ֣ҺףʦŮء
ԷҲ˵ŲţЦЦλãȻߵߡ
սСʣףʦô⣿
Сʵףʦҡ
㲻˵ˣҲŷֿðҪôˡ
ˡ
Ȼ˶ȥ
ȴԷȡһ׼õĺͬ
֮ǰʹӡˣѺף̴̸ˣʹ㵱ǩͬû̸û̸ѡһС
һСҲнֻǸףұʲô
СϺܷŮǽͰѺͬ˰ɡ
ݼҲͷ
ûӦԷΪף̴ȲǩͬģΪǺȥϴּʱͺ˵ˣ߸˵Ľӹͬϸ귢ֶֱǩ֡
֪ԷתɣҲû˵
ǩ־ʹ˰ѼλƬƸͳȥˡ
ף̴ԶԶϵȴǼ״ֹȥкԷҲֻǵͷ̬Ȳ磬˺쳤̽һԴʱ¶ǳЦ⣬֣Сѣ𣿡
˲Ծóһ·æǰԲ˫ֱеˣףʦ˽ˣҪȥˡ
ף̴΢΢ͷȥɡ
˵ֶʾ⣬ʧˡ
æף̴ȴѻȥ
Ҳ˼ףʦ̫׽ϾûûֵģǱһ룬ûȥȵľƳˣҲûƤףʦ֡
ɸԼʹɫʾһ㡣
ûע⣬Ҵҿ͵ԴһƬ
ףʦǣ֣
΢ϸָס֣Ȼ
ֻ˸оͷҪðˡ
úߣٺ١
Ǳף̴ǣִˮͤģףҵĸں棬벻װôҲ벻öôϲһֻɵԼ䶼ûã۰Ͱܹ˸ӻȥģ˵ʲôá
̾˿ѽף̴ȵĳ
ʶҲҪȥȴû뵽Էѳһأ俴Լĳȥ
ʱԼԷԴԼҿģȫٿԼĳȥҲûкȾơ
ף̴ȶԶԷѱ»еȻýͼСն񣬻СȽϵ
Ѻ˾ƲܿڸʻϰųԹԿף̴ȡ
ԷƵŵһϳ
ϵȫС
˽ˣȻһ
Ŷ
ӦҳȫϵϣõֻſףʦϢ̵ġ
ףʦʲôʱ򵽵ѽ
㡣
ѿһʱ䣬Ѿ˵ˡ
ףʦԹ𣿡
ţôˡ
û£ȥԹضģԱ˾Ͳȥ
û𣬲ȥԷģ
㲻ҳԣҳ֣͸ҵһ߲
ף̴ȣ
³Ҳûжŵĵȥĳԣٳһ㡣
ûԱ߼ලһ㣬ʳʢϳԵҲ࣬ʳĪͺһ㡣
ððҸ㵼
۾Цóֻһֵλãף̴ȾͰŵȥ
ҹУҲ˽ʳ֣ϵƻͨкܶС̯ӡ
ȻҲ١
뵽ʲôС˵ҪȻǴȥԣ
±˿ϳ
ף̴ȸս갲ȫְѵİȫҲˣû£ûسԾС
ǲУףʦĳ㣬ҸԺòã
ţҲС
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ѴϷ۷۵Ŀ³ף̴ҲӰȡ֡
һͬϸȳϺһ⣬ûע
˺ܶע
ſ֣Ҳͱ˲һ֮аԼָ·ʱʱۡ
˶ˡ
սףʦ֣Сʣǲᱻϳɡ
ף̴ʵʮа˾ţû˵ֻҡҡͷû£Ǿͻȥ
Ŷãǿһ㡣
СԣضѾܲˣصġ
ҲܶûгӣĶ߲һ࣬ټһߺ֭ĶݣֲֺӪóԡ
ףʦҪҪҲһ㣿
ѯʡ
ף̴ˣҲѡһЩ
СԵģһ㡣
ҹضҹĲ̼Ұ˼СӣǾ˿ӱߵһԱһţȽΣС֡
ףʦ쳢ζôҪϲĻ´λ
š
ף̴ȴضڣüۡ
ζģǺ㣬ʳζҲģպ÷ĿζСһϲؿζʳȻҲԹض
Ǽҵر㣬ףʦܳ𣿡
ף̴̧ۿ΢΢ͷܳһ㡣
ŶֻһˣǼҵϧҼʲܳԣףʦֻܳһĻҲˡ

š
˶ڽ䣬ȫ޴ţֻܿһ𣬵Ҳ⣬ͷ˵Ļ
·һʼֻǴӺӵһ߿ĺܺãЩĽǱߵߣųԣŮĺʹֿһۣȻһһۣ˶ˡ
ǣ
۾Ϲˣ
ҿʲô
Ůôôף̴Ⱥѣ
һһԱиĻ𣬵˺вʶǵģûпȥѣйǵϢǻ᲻Ծ͵ǰ
ĳһģһʱŮ𾪵졣
ף̴ȳԷ̬ԵľͱȽ
ԺúŰ׼뿪һСȻˣ˫ǣвõԤУѿִˡ
С󣬡𺰣ǧ𺰣
С˫ģԼɢĵѡʵ̫ˣ
˭
֪˴͵͵ҹģѹСʣǿԸǩǲμӵǲҲ׷
ֻҪھʲôܴӦ
Ͼҹĺܶ࣬һɤȫ군ñ
Ǳ˸OKƣб𣬰ֽǩʲôС
ȣСôһɫt·۾ģǩ·Ͽ𣿡
Сԥǻ᲻һ̫ҡˣ
ԷϣĲģҾһֱǵǩˡ
аɣб𣿡
СЯķ﷭һ֧ʣƺһԾȥǸѧ
ǩˣŤͷף̴ȡ
ף̴ȳĬҲӹǩˡ
Ůǣ̫ˣⱲݳƱûгɹ
ף̴ֵεݳᣬоûƱˣôҲһҲҪˡ
ף̴ȵҷۣǸԣף̴ȵÿһ׸ϲҪҹ̫ˣֱԷһΡ
Ҳܿġ
һСԽۣˣ
ϵۺͱѵǸоǲһģΪΣͷһף̴Ȳ˵ϰ΢΢ͷ
ףʦڵұȽϤףʦİ¡
ѣ
ҺףʦˣҲؼҰɡ
ԷҪȥ˼иϳʽò̫ɿأæ˵
ԷδҲ֪Լ̫ܺãֻСȭСףʦþã
ףʦĳƺȴгģѾͿʼƺе٩ʱһҶףʦˣʱЦҲẰʦ
ллף
з˿ڣеţЦݶ*һ㣬ף̴׼سϣ·Сʱ˼÷ɲ˺ͶڶģܺóԣʵóԣѾеˣٳˡ
̼Ϊ˿ζǷ⣬̵ġ
˻صϣѻף̴Ҳ˼Сӣ˳һ
ͬζİӻһҲ֪ԷõʲôζֻԺʲôڶѽó𣿡
ģţóԡ
ٺ٣ףʦԱûԱٳԵ㡣
ִñ˶Էף̴ҡͷԱˣ԰ɣȥҵĵַģ
Сԣһ͡
Ŷ
ѱһСף̴ȴ򿪵һڸʻϳ԰ӡ
û˻ף̴ȵĳڳԶǵһҪģ뵽СԼĳԶҲǺܵĸо
˷ֱʱѻֺףʦ𣬻һ䣬ףʦ·Сģ˸ҷϢ𡣡
ţˡ
á
βƺճ˵Ļȡ
˸Իؼжױϴ裬ֿһ籾˯ǰף̴ȻȻ˯
ĳڶ죬ʹ绰ȥˡ
绰磬Ժ˯нӵ绰һʱûӦ˵ʱ䶼û壬ʲôȥˣûȥѽ
㣬ѣǲûֱӻؼң
ΣգС˯ⶼһ룬ˣС飬ʲôˣ
ǣǲȥҹˣ
ѣ
ǣô֪µģ
ףʦ״ˣ
ֵܰͦðףʦô״
ѲԸţͶ˶Ҳ˵жˡ
ɺǺЦ˵ɣȥҹж˵ʲô˵ɶҲûԡ
ͳһض󣬺ףʦһԵģزˣˡ
ͳ˹ض󣿡
ѣ
С
һû͸ġ
ô͵Ķ㶼ҳԣ벻Ͼˣ˭ҹҹģûһ˵ӣԾˣϳˣ
ʲôϳˣ
һ˼뵽ǩŮƺʲôǳ˳飬ֻ΢һ˺üܽȥȽȥ󣬹ǰĺȻǣ
#˿ż̴˵#
ף̴ǣֹҹУſֵǣͼ
ף̴Ѹ˿ǩ
ȥԭС˿żǵ˵ˣ˽ĿıǩĶ㡷Ļȣοȶߵˣͼǩֶһ˶滹·˷һƬֵŮǣڽߣȻʣԪҹһŮ͵͵ؼͣԽԽ죬ţҲֻһ֮ңɣ/èèͷ
ûһͳˣͼһ
˿ˣ֪ǻȥ棬û뵽շּֿ˰Ҳ̫벻Էˡ
һ󵨵뷨ǻ᲻ֻ˳ӽĿװظңʵһֱһء
¥֧뷨
cpȫcpԼҽǶྰǣྶྲ꡿
̴֪˵Ҳá
С¾ôֲ
ѣ
㣬Ҳǹģ͸Һ̫QAQ
һҾ͵أҪˣ
Ŷѵ¡
ùܣƬĵˣô죿
ϹϵȻܣɳϵһ̸أ
ף̴Ǳôɣ߲һˡ
л˵
ۣۣѽ[ͷ]


39 
Ѹף̴ȷϢʱ鼫,۾ͣգŷȥףʦ,㿴𣿡
ŵĵһ,ûлӦ,źȻ,Ŷ,̫ˣףʦûء
ֻ,͵͵Լȥ˳,ûأźݺ˿
Ҫˡ
컹ҪȥԽɫ֮Ǻѻһ˶,ϰȥСȦ,ϳٻȥϴ,Ⱦٺ;һȥѡ·
ҪԵһŮɫ,崿,ʮּ,봩ķһ㡣
˰һ·һȥԡ
óԣϺ
ף̴˯ʮǿ,һʱùֻ,΢ſϢ,ĬĬת΢,ɸ߹ѵĴ,ȥ,һǣգСǣĽҹ͵ĵƬֻĵ˵ĲѷΧĵĺܺúܰ
ָһĬĬͼƬ
Żص΢Żһţˣû¡
ǵýѵԣûдȶԷٸϢʱѾˡ
èè̽ͷ/
/
ף̴ȿǲɹ΢ĻȣСɰϲ
һ䣬ڳԷ𣿡
ţڳԲҶӡ
ûб¶ף̴СһҶӵĳ
㾭Ա𣿡
ڣԡ
Խô
һ㣬ףʦ緹𣿡
ûС
벻ţѽҴţźҿԡ
ԲˣоҲԹ
˶࿴ۡ
ף̴ѹѹȥҲûз֣СϢãȥĳԣڹȥ
ѷһַף̴Ⱦ𴲻·ˡ
ܿ죬ֻÿ˻籾ʱ䣬͵һѩҲ£ѩȳ㣬¶Ư羱ףʦ
ǰͷһ׿ˮˣԶԶк
ף̴ע⵽̧߹ȥ
ԷӶˣĵ
ףʦ쿴ҪԵʲô
棬ּ档
ף̴˼Ҳһ㣿
ѣҲԣˣұˡ
Сʧ䣬¡
Ϊʲô㣿
ף̴΢΢üЩҲЩˡ
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ΪȥҹˣȻ͵͵˶뱳źȥģˣͱ֪QAQ
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ף̴ҲƲסһ㡣
´Сĵ㣬ĵͺˡ
á
Сſϣ۾
Բ̫𣿡
ţűԱף̴ȵͷһţţһʡ
ѵͷ϶ûʲôƵġ
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֪ģȥԲ֪ԭֻ߸˭ڶˡ
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СٺЦףʦֵģףʦݰһҲ֡
ߣС
Ǿͳһɣȥ
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˶ûϵۣѼĲУ׷΢ԣڽӴ𣬶˲ӦѾ̸
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ûйе˵ף̴ȿ϶̸ģֻʸѣҪ˶þͻֿԸûҪ
Ϊ֪ѵļֻͥǺͨĹ˼ͥĸ죬ףҿһһ£ףּܽͥϱ
ܰɡ
Ȼܶ˰ǣҲкܶ˱ʾιϵ
Ϻ䶯ȶȺעһûнֵĿ񻶡
˳ٳûйȴ̬ǣòѿ϶ιϵ߲
ļ죬һӰǵϷҪģûʱף̴ȳȥֻʵʵڻϷֻǻԷ΢Ϣÿ춼ʲôҲ
ҶӶ÷ŹȥȻף̴ȳʲô
Ϊˣף̴ȲòȥԵ㶫ȻûƬˣСҲҪֵġ
ϲֻһֱϢֻ𶯶ӳѳ⡣
˺Ҳϲּ
ԼϷĵĲӽȣ˼ڣ⼸Ŭо籾;ǰϷ
ǰ˶ܺã̵
Ϸ˳ɱˣѳ˾רŸɱ磬óֻף̴ϵ켸㼸档
Сģףʦ˵ȥòã
ǿԶһأȻԸܿҪֿˡ
ףף̴˵ŽĹţû뵽һκף̴Ⱦ˳ƴֻʲôʱر˵ϰߣֻǰÿֱǰģף̴Ȱ˵У
ף͵͵Сҩ˾ǲˣСÿ칤ôۣ˵ôҲΪ㿼ǿǡ
ף̴ɨýһۣʵȴǣҺ𣿡
ˣˣ
ףţ
ǣҵ˼ʹ󣬶Ǹ̫СˣŶʮ͵СûжԣϲϲǸģˣ
ףŲ˵ѻҲмֱǸǸĻǲ̸
̸Ҫ̸ˣһﲻͬ⣬ٳ̸Ҳ
/
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á
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СѽӻǻҪȥһһ·ˣû㾭ˡ
ףԹҪ˵ȥ
š
ǰɶ˯ġ
żһҲ
ߣżΪûգ
ǿ˵ģף̴ԴʶѺ緹
ͨҪʲôóԵģ
ףžܾñ֮ǰѵ·˷ۣȻѾתΪڷˡ
ôˣʲôֻϷңȻȥɡ
ףźɸ֣úüۣ뿪
ף̴ȲýжأԻ˷ѡʵ·Ρ
ҹӻǻص۶ͻԼҵʱҪȥˡ
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ûʲôֶܶûˣ˯ɣ˯žͲˡ
ף̴ȻһԼҲѵϴڴϣֻͼ˯
ڶһ磬ߵ㻹ѵӾˣѺŹصӣûһԡߡ
ϴּϴ꣬Լһ¿ˮһƵĺȣһ߸ףʦϢףʦѽҹȥ㡱
̫ˣھһεľء
Ӧǰȥףʦ֪ףʦס
ѣOVO
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ذϷʱ˴ɨģⶼһ飬ֻҪԼĶһ¾ͺˡ
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Ѱ̶ֻ֧ϣһתһʣףʦҲ𣿡
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Сɬѽô˼ѽ᲻̫鷳ˡ
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Ʋס̧֣ʲôͰסһ𣿣
ף̴ɻ󣬡ţ԰ȫҶסһ𡣡
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ŶǲӦȥ񰡡
ѷӦСʡ
˵˾У㵽ʱƻû𡣡
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СҲҲǣҲܲòðɡ
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š
ǲˣѻȥ̳һЩʲļ
ƾźף̴ȵĵ绰õ۶ݱ֤ͨһ·ʻȥҿףʦָʾͣ档
ף̴ȼסǶѿȥһ۲²²ͲˣףʦҵͲ鷳Ұˣһ㡣
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ɴһʶ֮У·ˣѱ˰죬ֻһ䣬ãƯ
䶼ˡ
ףʦؾûΣǺܺÿÿ
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ţҲǡ
СһɫȹҲܺÿϲ
ȥ𣿡
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ѷ·ʱŷӦû˽ȥæӺóСĶˣһȻûм棬Ҳܲﰡ̫ûòˣ̵ģףʦתһ£ʺúòã
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ѵͷһۿľףʦѩױֱĳȡ
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ܿ죬Ưףʦȥ΢΢𣬡߰ɣûˡ
š
Ҳ֪˽ԼһȥѼҳԷî˾ϣ˼ûѽԷûѽԵôѽûʿ͵͵ǱǼֱ
ѵ΢Ҫˣȫcpڹչġ
֮ǰһأֱӿĶˡ
Ȼֹˡ
ûһƲ΢Ҳûɶ˵ģнչʱ˵ɣ
㲻ǻû緹ҸطԷɡ
Ŷ
ĥӲ˺ܾãýڵĻᣬͣһſڣ³ߵһȥףʦ֡
ףʦҲûԷɣһһǼҵƤرúȡ
͵ȽϸߵжᣬԹΣֻԼһˣײԵģ
ţǾһݡ
ãףʦҪС̰ҲܺóԵġ
ãһͺˡ
θСҲʶѺ󣬱θڲòһЩ
Ե㣬ԻˣҲ֪İá
Ŷ緹ٳԵҲû£ԶӰ緹
εͨ
š
ף̴ȴ˳۽۵׸һƬӰ
ҪһİӣһƤ࣬һȡ
õģԵȡ
Ǽҵĵ۸ĳ棬ϴҲˣʶ֭һֻһҶʮһݡ
оԼһǮһӣһͻǮʱ
ʹǮˣܶߵѻǻ̲סզࡣ
Ҳģһֻʮһݣ˻һеԲ;Ҫһٶࡣ
Ǹߵꡣ
롣
ף̴̧ͷԼüлҪ˵𣿡
ţףʦ촩ĺúÿ
ף̴΢㶣Ƭ̣ü䵴Ц⣬˺ٵüģ
Ѿ˵һˣôϲǰĲÿ𡣡
ʣҡͷǳ𣬡ÿҲÿףʦĶÿֻǽһԿرÿ
ǡ
ף̴ȱЦһСǻ˵ôô˵С
ͺܿ˸ԳԼǰһݣף̴ֱ˺ųһֻȣͲ
ִ͵ѼȻףʦ֣ǽȥԻòãҸ²˼ڶĽӡ
ٲȻҪһļơ
ԷҲδܾ΢΢ͷ˳ˡ
ЦףʦĻ
ףʦҵڴаôԣзȡ
˴ͽȥһҳС
ҳסСȽϽĶͦʵģĻʣȥⲻһЩһ˰Ĵ߲ˡ
ףʦϲԲ˻޲ˣ
ˡ
ŶǾ򲤲ˣףʦԻ̶𣿡
̣⣬֪ףʦ̡̲
ԷȻͷţһ顣
Ŷá
˵ڳѡʳģãʱѾˣϺ˱Ƚ϶ࡣ
ֳһţ⣬һ㰮ԵӣȻܲסܺóԣһѾ²ˣ˾ʹСŶȥˡ
ĿյֻãһȥವģСһо˶ˡ
ף̴ǵһңɫĬĬ̧۹۲죬ǺܰůɫͺһɨĺܸɾҲյĺ
͵С
ף̴أ˶壬ٻ񣬶ԷѾһ˫µЬˡ
ڻϷʱģɰɣ

ɫЬͦɰġ
ͷڲĿޣɰ
ٺ٣ףʦѽɳһбҪ𣿡
ȣҲٺȿ֡
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ԷһᣬҲʾӦˣתͷ˵ǺȾ𣬺˺ƣұһ£ζӦòֻܺһ㡣
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ãһ㡣
ף̴ﱧѷɳϵСèɫȻУüĿ续˼û̫Ҳǵһڱ˼Ⱦơ
л˵
ھ[ͷ]ȻоѾһ


40 
ɳ,Ѵ򿪿Һӣ˸տȻףʦһ,ԼҲһЩ
Ⱥһ,̫Ҳ,ףʦô
һ㡣
㲻ϺܺҲ㲻ϲá
Ŷ,Ҳ̫ࡣ
ô,ҪҶң
ף̴üʡ
ĸҳе,ǵȻ,ףʦΣհҿ϶úչģ
ǾͿԶһ㡣
ף̴ͷһڣ㴼ȷʵζ
С,Ҳѽ,ȵĻ,ҪȥֻҴˡ
С,ȾƲܿ,ҺȶٶҪҴݵ,ϵ˵
ŶǺðɡ
һڿȾƣһ,Ѿе,һʱ,˳վ,ȥϴһ²,ȻǳԻ
,á
ף̴Ҳվһߣ߲ȥֺãеУøĻĸĻ
Ūĺܺÿ
Ұɡ
ף̴ȰĴӹ﷭ӣһϴ
ķǴƽ㣬ռҲܴ˽ȥ
ףʦʵҾˣϴЩܿġ
ôҲܰϴ𣿡
ף̴ͷʡ
Էûô룬ҡͷ۲ۣףʦ԰ϴҲ˼ףʦǿнп˸ɻġ
֮Ҳ𣿡
ף̴һ仰ͽûޡ
ٺЦһзζݹȥףʦæĻǾϴɣѸеϴһϴͺˡ
ţá
ţһЩе
ѵϸгɱƬһ̻ܺóԵġ
ʳĺܿ׼ˣóԼʱרõСֿʼףȥ΢һţ͹ˣ˵ζ´ٸףʦԡ
Ūˣ˵ţԱ߰ڷźʳģȻֻϵĿɰС롣
ɫҲܰȻѡġ
ףʦĸƬ΢𣿡
Ѿ΢ˣһ+÷ʲôԲ¶Է˿иȵĸ֪ҷһѣܵȶˡ
ͷ͵ľŹɡ
ף̴ȵͷţ㷢ɡ
ףʦÿһ㣬°ĵˡ
˵ž;ֻ׼ģ˭϶˾ȻɨһۣôҲܳ΢𣿡
һ㶣ûûаûô˵ףʦҪˡ
Сί
ս°ͣƯ۾ˮġ
ף̴ȰĿġ
ڶԷ΢ԷòֵΪﲻ̫ˡ
ŶңҾǾڻֻǽӴ׶Σףʦ΢ܻӰ졣
Ѷ˵ףʦҪǺ̸Ůء
ǰֻУǵһŮģףʦá
ֻǽӴ
ף̴ȴ΢΢䵭ûӰ죬㲻õġ
Ŷ
С/
ٱףʦֻŽĲģ˸Ź
ͼƬϴɾĲˣֻмΪӲûôԭĽѩϸָڡ
༭͡
һ춼ץӸζ΢ķ˿Ƿˣһ΢³壬˲ˡ
һ
ǵһ
һллףʦԼҲιϡ
ţֻףʦİɣףʦÿ
Ѿͷ/ͷ᡿
СĹԹںԼᣬͷˡ
˵һ飬飡
ܿ죬ף̴Լᣣѡ
ԵѻΪʲôʱˣææܽȥԹϣֻһԷ
һԷҲְܹҪǳͺܹ֣Ųǻװޡ
·һ䣬ǸĳԷأ
ѼҰ
·ˣѾǻȥԷҵĹϵ𣿡
˵Ĺϵˡ
ҶһѾѾ̸ˡ
̸˼һС΢Ϊ̽ǵķӦcpǿվҪС
Сͣժø֮
Ψǵȥ£cpྵĲ֪Ϊ
ѷ΢ˢһۣûʲôķֻ
ףʦòóԡ
һЩǺģҲƬˡ
۵ӡ
š
ף̴Ӧһ̲˳ԲˣƫĻǾͲˣѸ˾ͳԵġ
ȻԵĲ˺ȵĻǲУǰûĺֱȡˡ
õľӣѺƵϴɾľƱֻ˸ףȡ
˵ƾҲ̫ܺ࣬Ȼ
ѣףʦٺһ㣬ˡ
š
ԷӦһ*ȵĲࡣ
ľȴԼԤҪ
Եһ룬˫ȻͣոϴƬκ죬ףʦٳԵɣҲ֪ôԹ´Ҷһ㡣
һзζףʦڳԡ
˼һ⣬˵Աˣٳһ㡣
ȻԷֻǺܻĵͷȻÿ̼⣬һ»û׼еԱ߲͵ķˡ
ѿʲôʱףʦ㲻˰ɣ
ף̴΢΢̧ƺףţ
һŷӦĵҡҡͷûк

ȷʵˡ
ǵһҪչ˺ˣæվףʦﲻҪҪȸһѾ
ʣԷӦĺҲģףʦĺ󱳡
ֱԷ򴽣С¶еΡ
ΣȻΣ˿϶ΰ
˵ˣףʦҲǵġ
ȥ˷ףʦ
Сȵƺף̴ԴһᣬȻѽ
ḲһƬӰ
ףʦɳһòãȥŪһˮһ㣬Ѻȵġ
á
ף̴ȺӦһ
Ѱ˷ɳϣҪȥȴһ΢΢սסɳϵŮ˺촽΢ɫ޵Ľۣʣȥģ
ȥŪˮѽȵˮϾͲˣףʦãӦٺһģҲ֪Ȼ϶ġ
Ȼף̴ȼ֣ҵľԣһΣҰɡ
ѶӣɳϵףʦƽӣᣬҾȥȵģܿͻףʦԵȵ𣿡
ǿԷˣܻܿԼʱ£ѵӴһ㣬ָ⣬һףʦƽ˪˽ȴͮͮա
ǰһۣףʦ
ٺ١
ף̴Ա߶һ£üƲˣѲʵջ֣װ·ӣŶԷҲɿ֡
ǽڷ˳ָһɿ·ȥʷˮ
ȳʱٷףʦӴյߣһ㣬Ƚ
ף̴ã̧һڽһС
ѣ
ϲʼðŵľƴĺ󾢺ҲСڲſʼ
ֹţףʦôôҲô˵˲ҽˡ
ʲôСʲôֵֹĶһ
գۣһһιףʦȷˮ
ĿѾˣҲԵĲֻ࣬չףʦûˡ
ף̴Ⱥ˼ڷˮͱ첻ϺˣؿڣǣСÿ춼ڸʲô
̧۾۶ɻ
ˣСÿֺǺǵģ˭ЦҲ֪ڸʲôǰ˼ʣҲ֪ôģһھԾѿڶ
㶣ֻ⵱ףʦ˼룬ԾºļˣҾڵܺúҸͿİףʦҸ𣿡
͵͵ȥߣף̴˳ںڵĳ
ԷҡҡͷҸ㲻ϡ
ΪʲôףʦôˣҲòҸ𣿡
ף̴ĸ˫ûи飬ʱֶæڹΪǼĵһӣеΣҲȥ˾ѧϰû˺һ棬ıķҲ˵蹤æܴǣʲô¶ҪѧԼģ䵭Ը
ף̴ȵͷһŻʱҲҸ
䣬ٿת˻⣬𣬡Сǰ̸𣿡
һҿףʦ
ôͻȻѽ
ʣ˵
Ҳ˵ףʦˣŻʵġ
ѹ˹ӡ
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ףʦ֪ԥһ£Ǻܲ˼ĳԼ¡
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ĿʵִˣŽʵ̸ġ
ף̴ĪЦЦֺܶ໭棬Ҳ֪뵽ʲôʣ̸С
ѺߣŤ󣬡ҶμˣȻ̸
䣬Ĵ˳ӣ۾˱Ĵ
С𾪵ĵɴ˫һСڱ
ףʦôкˣ

ĸӲŵ޷¶ѱʧˣҺףʦ۾
ԷҲʮ裬򣬵ҲڴˣֻһȻһֱš
һƯףʦãȻ˫֪Ҫôˣֻ˫۲ĲӣûӦһ±ס
ѣ
˵Ըᷢô޴ı仯
С𾪡
ŵ޴룬֪֫ķţҪ§ףʦ᲻ԵһЩḡ
Ҳ֫ӴֻǣǣСء
ɬˡ
ף̴ſϣòԷüãִߴ٣㶯ѽ
ɵӣôء
ңҪô
û̸Сģһδⷽ棬ÿһҪõȷϲŸҶ
Ҳ֪Լ롣
ҲţûƢͲˣһС»ҪϣˣŴ˻ꡣ
ֻܻӲŰһַֻŵԷϸ֫ϣ߽С𣿡
ף̴Ⱥߺ˵Իǲԣװˣ˿
ַʵʵıˡ
Ҳ˾ƣûƽʱôԼѡɳףʦһӿֲɿףʦȥ˯ǵףʦ궿ˡ
ֻǿԼˣ䵱Էα
ףʦǿϣ˺ܶࡣ
ʵסˣ΢΢սŻᣬʣףʦҪҪȥҼҵĿͷϢһ£ǰʰɾġ
ûõӦһɻİ˰ףʦ⣬Ťͷȥû뾹һ񾲵˯ա
ףʦ˯ˡ
Ҳǣףʦô磬ôģ϶ˣҰףʦȥ˯
ĵһףʦķᣬܺñϾҪȥͷһ˳ô죿
ףʦ˯ô㡭
һŪô죿
һ˼ģڿɳϡ
ɳΪż濴ԼݵĵӾ磬ſ˯Ҳеģһ˯е㼷е̫ˣǣףʦѽҴ·ء
˵ԼҲòУ۾Ҫˣԭλã˺úö£ԼҲű˯ߡ
ֻ٣۾һ˯ˣ˯㣬Ҳûзʲôʱˣ˯ѣԷһ˫Ư۾ء
ѽףףʦ
˯ǰһлصԺ鼫ˣҲϸӬ
ף̴ȵͷɫûʲô仯
˵Լʲôܣʧ仹˿
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ףʦôһҲ֪
Сҧҧ꣬һʱûлӦԷѩ׵ָԼĴϣⰵû𣿡
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ѵĴԼӦ׷ʶԷΪʲôҪȻˣӦȷ˫ĹϵȻȻˣ˵ȴǣΪʲôζң
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ǣڽʲôҲ
ף̴ȻһЦ󷽵ĿûвףԼףҲ𣿡
֪ʶףʦû˵
ȻĿЦһ롣
Ҳ֪ǲһֱţƣȥǿһڡ
˻
ף̴ܲסСġ
Сҽ
̫ˣһʱãҺλʦȣֻʵʲûݵĸ˵ڶλᡣ
ŪҾͲˡ
ףʦв
֪ǲ˵Ĺϵһصԭ⼸в
æͷʮ棬ţŪˣĲˡ
Էǿ۵Ĵ걻˱˫֮Уֻ˱ģΨŪ
ƫף̴Ҳǵһ̸֪Ӧôɵͷǡ
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һͨ꣬Ⱦɫף̴ҲǷһѵúߡ
Ľ䣬һֻ޳һһȥǣסһֻ˶û˵ĬõĲˡ
л˵
[ͷ]ҲˣԸҹģöööĺö


41 
ֱһ,ף̴Ĭ˼ϣﶼûһ
ܲˣеż,˳,С,,ʲôϵѽ
Ҫ֡
ף̴ȹĿһ,ʲôϵ
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Ѳϸ˵̸,һףʦأֻһ̽,ҪȻӴһ£
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һ,ŵ,һҲ˵,ֻ֪ҡͷ
û˵ʲôû˵ʲô,ʲôҲû˵,ףʦҪҡ
ף̴һ,ѵôûиˣԵ˾Ͳˣ
䵽ɫ,,㲻㸺𣿡
ѣ
ûаҿԸ
ӿĻϲ,,ûû,ûв㸺,ҿԸ𣿡
ʵЩС
ף̴Ƴһۣ㱾Ӧø𣬻û˸ҡ
С졣
Сߵ˽Էؿڲ˲䣬뵽ֵ¿̲ݻã۽ŷɬǿ򶨣ǣףʦ̸òãŮѣԺõģÿԣд裬չ㣬в
Ҫף̴ŵˡ
е㲻ƫͷȥⲻ
Сˣæȥףʦףʦ̸ѽҲˣ̸ܲ
ǿ˶ԷɶӴ˺ܶ࣬ף̴ȵļҡҡ
ף̴ȲûΣһ㲻Ӵ𣿡
ҡͷ벻룬ҲӴ̸ףʦ
СͰͣñٴף̴ȣû˵СĵĻֻһ
Сףʦ󣬡ͺ̸ɣĻܺõģⱲӶû̸ͺ̸һ
Ž
˵겻Էжִȥף̴һ
͸֮ǰû׹һ֮ǰҲû׹
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ţգ
ף̴һߴֻ¼һʡ
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ɹף̴ȹ˹ǣϲԷ뵽ӡ
㾭˷˺ܶϢҪ𣿡
ף̴Ȱ¼Ϸ˺ܶܶ࣬һֱڿƽﶼЩʲôֻʵ̫Ƶˡ
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СҡͷûûûУֻ㶨ףʦûбˣ㶼Ǻ˵ģҿЦء
ЦҲϲ
ռǿϲ㿪Ц
ССǾֻġ
κˣ˵˵Ҳ
ţһͺ˵ģԺǶЦˣףʦŮѣֻ֪ô㶨ףʦ
ҲǴˣִȥһ¡
ף̴űеˣǲԾֹ࣬ţԼ˵˳ǽ͹
죬ôϡ
ٸϣѶͦ˵ģЦӯӯû̸һ˹ˡ
еС
Ŷ
ԹԵͷֻûõظַ˺üϢߴ٣һ㶼æµӡ
ء
˵
ף̴˵ҪʲôʱûУ
ѻظոףʦڷֻ㣬ԺҪ˵Ҹ㶨ʲôˣѾŮˣףʦ˵׼һ¡
ɣ
ʧ룬ʲô㻹ֻף̴ȿˣǵ¼ȫˣ
㲻ţ˵ҪѵҲף̴ȿˣš
ΨԼѵǰ;ԲæԼǾȥ˵仰ҿЦġ
ҪͼҲ̫԰˭ϲ覵氮ϲ档
һֱ߶ųոտǾ仰ȻһʱûӦĲԣʱŷ֣뵽ףʦ϶ˣȴûᣬĬĬ̧ͷףʦһۡ
ף̴ãҲ΢΢ţ״ü㾭˺˵ʲôˣ
ҡͷ˹ȥһѽףʦһһףʦҲģһ῿ԼŬϷġ
ԷЩ죬ȴҡҡͷãԳҵԴá
ϲСҲСίԴ˵СǴֿɵõģȫСѳ
෴СҪǲԸҪſܻ᲻ˡ
Ѳ֪ʲôԾɲϣʳ¯ŮѲ˲䣬ȻС˵ҪҲҪףʦһҾͺˣøԴ
ԴǸϲ˵Ĺġ
һĵһ죬ף̴ҲóӰ顣
˻⣬˵Ҫôʼ͵ˡ
ŶŶŶͺһ¹£زҪһ׼
һͷֻϺ㷢ϢѾĻ˵ûףʦ
ףʦӦòƽϰɣ㻹Сӡ
˵ףʦǴֱ΢ҪҪĺգȥġ
֪С۸̸ҪһֻɽֱĳƺóƣҲõòˡ
ףʦֵͷӦ㣬ףʦôСˣ˵˾Ͳģ˵Լģ˾ֻҪ۾ͺˡ
ף̴Լ뷨ڲҶ˵ʲôֱԷֻ˸OKơ
׼ϴ²ˣף̴ȸߣӲǴһ²˳һһϴ
²˴໹ǸɾģֻиմһȽࡣ
Ȼ²ֶ࣬һһȷ²˶ܸɾر鷳
Щ飬ϴĺܿ죬ף̴ȴСûɹϴƵģһϴˣԷϴһС顣
ϴɡ
ףʦӹ²ˣֿտյף̴ãȻţҸʲô
ףʦüüȻǳӽȥǡ
ˮָָף̴ȿ
Է˵ͷֻСʱڿܴĲ̫á
ʵЩ£һ
ԷҲݼˣĵҡҡͷû°ĺòòҪȻҪɢġ
Ϊף̴ȵ˼򼦵᲻ͣԲãֱһżڶԷǽڷָ߰˰꣬ȵĺϲ£졣
ףʦҲЩΣ˱Ĵ꣬ҿƵǶѼŪġ
ѣ
һûˣѧ˼ҵִ򵰣
̫ˣҪƵҽ㡣
ûϴõľ²˱ˮѹȥְֽף̴ü
ڴʯ̨ϰѼླһС죬Ȼ˳ŷССһǾͱˡ
ܼ򵥵ӡ
ף̴ûԹ£²Ҫһԣһмһ̨̽һãһõ̫һż޹С
˳Ĭ
ᣬһɣǺܴġ
ף̴򴽣̫ˣ⼦ô°һӾˡ
һ
ףʦˣæӿȡһ̨һ£ѳһЩϸƣ˳ϸһĵҺˡ
ףʦֻûЩղѡ
ɹһЩɺ˲£һ¡
һ죬ֲǶмĶף̴ȺܿѧˣһһƯ
Ů򵰶Ŀ
ѿһۣϴһ²ˣһۣϴһ²ˣûסʣףʦҿ𣿡
Է򵰵Ķ΢ɲ˶٣װƽʾңʲôʲôҡ
һ䣬ԹԴչȥףʦ۵վͺݺһڣࣳһӡ
һ̸СԵøճˡ
˹ͬģһϴĲһĽӡ
ף̴Ů洫ŵڶذӣͰĺܺˡ
ӡһſԲģƤĺܽһ©
ѴŮѴѧ졣
˾̽ԱߣһŹա
ͷǻܰĵƹ⣬Ѷžͷգһֻ۾ż֣ഺòԾף̴ԴһʵĲֱ޳ָſӣĿǰõĽӡ
ѡ˽Ƕȣ¶ף̴ȱҧƵǡ
Ȼ֣ףʦĵһ졣
ʲôһ죬ˢӿķ˿һ£ܿ죬вַӦˣִ֣ҵﰥһĵһɣ
Բϸ˼֡
ྵcpҪҵһڻྵ£
ǣȱ𼤶û϶̸ˣһߵóԶھڰ̽ףҵ̬أף̴ȶû˵ģôܲ΢̽һףҵķӦףҲͬ⣬ˣԼҲûϣֻѲȶȣſɲôýġ
ܿ˻ظλѣ۲˭˵СȲ΢ģҴȿɲЩ˰̸ί
ϲ*ձϲձСת΢ˣ
Ǹ˶ܿǹˣһʱֵĲУcpǱ棬˿Ψʹ飬·˿֣ӣ΢ͱˡ


42 
͵С΢ۼֿӪѾͼ,ڸƽ̨
˶ˡ
˿𾪣·˸۾Ҫˡ
̸˰
һΪǾ籾ء
˭Ҹף̴Ȱ־籾һеϲѵ,ȻĿҲû취ǿͲϲԼ,ѿ͸
֪ǽԼᷢʲô,ôȻ͹,Ҳ̫ˡ
֪һ,ˡ
ץӸεжС²֪ǻڼԽء
ڶĽף̴ȰԵ,ڲ˴Ҳ˼,һɳݵĵӾ磬˳һơ
ףʦĺܽˣƶȣֻ׼һ,˵ˡ
˵ν,ۿɼҲᷢʲô,С,չˡ
Ϊ,ǲôһ
ŮѲ,Ҳûͷ˵ˣһ𿴵ӡ
˻־Ĳ,ǹ˾֮ǰŪ۵𣿡
ף̴ָָݼЩֵˡ
,ݷ,,꽫Ľɫݵġ
꽫
Сɫ͸ɻ
ĸֺһϵ
,˾ϲҵľˢ
׵Ķ,ֻҪݵĵӾ磬ܵõһ̶ȵı֤ԽͺܰԼСһ顣
ݵô綼ˡ
ף̴ȿͲˣ뵽۸ѣˡ
Ժ󲻻ŮѵκξӰĿ顣
ٺ٣ղʱҲˡ
ݷݵľ粥һһ˲־˾ӪΪԼ֮ķ˿ڷĶࡣ
氮ٵĿϯǵļ˿ǹ˾Ǯġ
ûʵӦõġ
ף̴СͷС
ʶ̫ˡ
ʶİ˱ϻһոհõӡ
˼ӣֱף̴ȵľ˷Ϣû˴ʼ绰
ʤͨˡ
ܰձţҪвкҪҪ˵
ףˣ̸Ҫ£˵ͳԸôģΪʲôҪ˼̸ԣǹΪʲô˵һ
춼ˣýǱҲеʺ򣬲û
̸˵ȻҪѵŷ˿𣿡
ף̴ȲΪ⣬μ۵̸˿Ӧ׼ŷ˿Ƕ̴㻹ǶСƽ
˲ûɥһΪʲô͹˾˵һôͻȻ˾һ׼ûС
Ʒˡ
΢ǱİӦûü
ףţ
ôº尢̽˵һ°Ϊʲô˽
˵˵ȥף̴ȲӦóóȻͱȥ
ʲô˵ģҰæ
ףżһͷתǣҪһ𰡣һ尢̲ͬô죿
ף̴ȳ΢䵭ô죬̸̸ֲǲͬǵ¡
Ůͬºͺͼ˵ˣﵱȻʧɫʱҲˣŮͬҪ̸ŮѺӦòû²̸
һľս򴽣Ůһɿˡ
ף̴ŤͷһۣЩãŵְץǿסԼ
绰΢ŻϢСĴȥС㾭˲̸ͬ𣿡
ף̴һ⣬ԼӦȥ۰ģȥ۾Ҫ̸ѵָһһߺǰһ𣿡
ûСȷʵ׼ˣ˳Ȼ̸ˣҲʲô⣬˭Ҫ̸Ȼף仰˵Ӧ˵
һлġ
Ůѵļ򣬰˽ڻСֻͬҪҲͬôѽ
˳Σףʦҿ϶ġ
һ˲ͬأ
ǵĲȷʵе
СԱŴ꣬
ף̴Ⱥܲϲ΢ϽĻظͰֻݹȥ
Ҽû飬Լ
ʶͷĻͣף̴Ⱥͽ¼ϡ
һСʱǰϢѯʣ̸ˣ
ף̴ʱŻһš
ԷҲԼ࣬һáֽ졣
Ǻܲϲܷһӡ
˫ˮŷһЩʣ尢أҲͬ𣿡
ᡣ
Ҳûᡣ
ף̴ȴû̸Ը߰־ǿ˲ĵȻ
ﲻͬȦҲҪȥһ
ľȨԶԼ
ţףʦá
̧ͷףʦ˱һ¡
ԷӦǲ˲ֺʣأ˻ͬûи㷢Ϣ㣿
ţǲǻͬģֻҪҸ˾ͺˡ
ף̴뵽ԼϿϢСĸ죬ûй涨һסһʱȥְּסֱϴѧ
á
ûжʣЩС˵Ȼ˵
˾һ˻ְⲿӿһʲôʣǶ˾ƣһҴȥ𣿡
ף̴Ⱥܺõ鱻ɢһ㣬šüãŸһͼŸߣ
ѣ
仰ô
ӣͷҪҡɲ˹ˣûûֻۣ̫ȥ˲ãףʦǻ尢סһ𣿡
ţΪû̸
ûŮ֮ǰסĶνĸϣסҰһе鷳Ծһֱס
Ůѣһ̸һαŮѰɳǣе㲻Ǻȥˡ
۾һСʣףʦ˼ǣ̸ͿԲؼףʦ˯ҼҺҼһͷʰ˵ģ˯ڿͷòѽ
СǸˣ˲Ÿտʼ̸ףʦʲô¡
ף̴̧̧°ִͣӦˡ
Ÿ̸ס˼ȥǲ̫ãԷС־ûʲôˣֻֻ˷һؼҵϢ
ףҽһʡԺš
λҳྴôҲһˣĵ䣬ȻûҪֹ˼
һлܵ谭ףŵ롣
ף̴ȵĽףͣ˹ĵһʱյϢѾѽȦˡ
һЩļͥɼݹĴССĽɫ
һһȥȷһɾûжõľ˵ʲô
ȦﲢûôŮͬСȽҲʮˣܿҪʮţһֱûţô̸ŮҲ
ף̴˯һ¾ôˣ˳ֻһµļףԼļǵɫģףʦ̺Ļɫžͺܰ
ף̴ƴӿſϺĿæ
ΣЦڣ˵һ䣬ױӺҼİ̼׺ˡ
ͷҲӦһţһ㣬ױ׵ˡ
ҼҰӦʲôһͷȥѧһ¡
еԼѧ˻ؼҸױӵ˼
ѾͷðȥѧϰôɻģףʦҲױӣû̸Ҫױˡ
ɲöԷ̸󷴶Ʒʡ
ǻ粻̸ء
㡣
һ˸ɻƫԷֿɻ
ûµģֲףҶŪˣףʦϾ˯һһȥϴƷɣףʦµģӦչ㡣
ܻչˣҲϲչˡ
š
ǰ֪Ϊʲôý˵ϲһ䳬õ£ҲóȥߣСԼȥУͺϲ
˰Ʒ˸ԲĶͬֻɫ߹ܲͬ
ҲǻֵˣСǣɢ
ѡСԲ۸Ҳͣкܶͬסһ඼ʶżҲժɢɢʿ
ǰõĶڳɢһһȦŻȥණ¥
ԻظԵķϴ
ѽҲһ˴ôһףʦڣѾڴϴˡ
ƽһ飬뵽ףʦ˵һϴҪȥݵĵӾ磬æԼصԡϴ㡣
˭ϴһ룬ڲδ˷ʱ䣬һϽŪȥŵ˷š
üأѲԡҵŴһ̽һԴ溰ֱӽѽϴ衣
ף̴šôŰֽȥһʪԴ
һ٣װ£תţϴ
ţףʦϴˣôҲͷѽðġ
еżҪû·Ѿֱ߳ͷˡ
Ҿ㴵ĵģҵķûд
ŶŶСЦ˸ãҵĴͷȴһ£ϴ˳㴵
Ͳһϵĭˡ
ף̴ƫͷûѩ׵Ĳڷ⣬ȴӦãҵ㡣
עĽ䣬һƬ
Һû
ŮţϴҲĥˣܿԼϴ꣬һĵ˯£ܳȥף̴ȡ
ף̴ԼŻϢ˯´ѵģɫ˿˯³䳤㣬ڵϣʪɢƯ岻ΣĵĲԽ塣
ĬĬһ¿ˮ߹ȥףʦͷ
Ұ㴵
š
һԷң˼ŸԼСʵġ
ףʦͷƯ
ѡʱʵڸ˴ͷû̫ʵˣ͵͵ԴǵñŤͷΣû˵ʲô۽ޣһЩݵģ
̵ġ
˳ͷָƣԴˣѷ´Ůѵļ򣬡ףʦͷˡ
ף̴΢΢ͷҪֱסСߣȣȵһ¡
ԷüƯ۾ҲЩɻ󣬡ôˣ
ʳڣСĴĴշתĥͷĴ졣
ף̴һ㶣ܿ˫УձۣԷȴˡ
ǿװȻЦģٺ٣ףʦǣҿ˶УҲҪС
ˣ㻹ˣ
ǣչԡ
С±ƣСæҽͣǲǣǾ籾籾ﾭôдģÿϷôæ￴ȥ
ֻܿԱס
ˣɫƲסЩίƲ졣
ûоУӣԺҲҪ
Ŷ
СίͰ͡
ף̴Դִȥһڣҵ
û˵ĻǰķҲûʲôġ
Ѻܺú壬仰Ĺָ
ףʦ˵ɵӣǲǻҪ˯ǰеġ
Ѿǹأ±ָˣСһ죬Ľӽ飬ǣǵȻһ
ף̴ȿɫȻ˼ʧЦﰵԼףС˼
ͷӦãǾһΡ
Ȼǣסѣһȥӡ
ֱݶԷݺ˱һڣ˲ķֿ
˯ڱ˼ңҲһҹΡ
תֵ¼ƽĿʱˡ
ףʦ˯磬Ҳ磬ϴȥ׼͡
벻ǣףʦȻҲ
С۾һףʦ
ԷƯûдױȥЩ԰״ۼˡ
æӭȥСĽŵķŶԷֱۣףʦûϢ𣿡
ף̴Ȳ֪ΪʲôôʣҡҡͷûУ˯úܺá
ߵ·ˣΣŮɢȥ˯󼸺մ˯
ԾѴһѾˡ
ŶǾѪ㣬ҪⲹѪȻȥţ⣬ţ⳴ӷ۸Ժٳţ
ţá
ף̴Ӧһǣǰ£һץץϲ𣿡
ûԹҿɡ
ۣףʦûԹץѽ
ţ˵
ֻһֱûȥԡ
ЦĺܿģǵһףʦץˣףʦԵĵһץȻģ̫ˡ
۾Цֿʣף̴ȸͬͷš
˳ͲȥĿ顣
Ŀĳָصǣ˳ѹȥ
ף̴ǱûɳΪк˵Ҫһȥ
˹ϣİû˯Լҽ㷢Ϣȴý֪ԼᣬҴţ͵Žúһأ׼·ҪȵĿȪˮźŪһСʳ¥µŰ
ȴû룬ĲֹԼһ
ףʦҲںһģ
ףʦ˯һģ
ҵų˺ôһϣ
𾪵춼ϲ£ˡ
һһ䣬ף̴ֿտգʱͺ΢ףǴк
𣬺û𣿡
Լ䣬һϳһʡ
òʰ沿飬ŵʿˮҪȥԣȲˡ
Ŷ
յıķڣհˡ
Ե⣬һ̺е㲻ʳڡ
˳ģͺϲòź˵һ飬㿴ûУ̸ˣ
㶣˰
˭᲻̸֪ˣ΢ɱˣ
ͷԼҽףʦֲ֪ʲôʱƤӵǣһȥˡ
˻ϸ˼֡
ٺ١
Ͼ棬ûˣֻǽסһֱɣһԵСʳϣۣʳǸ𣿡
Է뵽Щʳİʱõģףʦ⣬ǵİԣҲͲƽ׳е㷢͵͵ͶιѽʳĺʶȻˣ˵˲ٳʳġ
ѣ
ɫߺ޼ˣڳ
СģŤͷͲˣͷף̴ȼź󱳺䣬ȵĿҸ򡣡
л˵
һѺ33¡ɩɩܾˡȥѽÿ[ͷ]


43 
Ŀ˵ĳȺָص,˾Ӱʦ鶼ЩܣȻҲ˹ϣԸġ
ף̴Я˱ķ,Ҳûзֿ,ͬһĿĳ
ף̴ȵĸpd״,˵æѵĸpdͬһ,ڳһ豸,ֱ
һ磬Ķ㡷һ¼ƾ,ǰȶϸ߾Ӳ,Ƿ˿·ˣڷ۶ۿˡ
˲䣬ˢˢӿֱĹֱſ˺ü¡
ȶ̫ˣ˦һء
˿,ڿ,㡿
ȥ,զһ,,һģ
Ϊʲôһ,ף̴ģѲŶ/͵
֪ྵ̴˵Ҳá
ʲôѽ,ôͻȻˣ
Դӿĺ,˿ץӸεҪˡ
˻,û,Сȵô˿ڣ
˿ֻŰ,ϴ˿ں,һʱûע⵽±Ļһѣһ㶣ȫλϸ۲죬Уұôˣ˭˭ɵģǲ㣬㾹ȻҧұǼұұ֪֪
ҵţǶˣҶж༤ҡ
Լǵ𽵹֪Ϊ/Ȳ衿
˿ڵһγף̴ϣʵ̫˿ˣ̼䣬ף̴ˣѡ
Żһʣף̴ȺѸˣ
һ˹ϢȶѾף̴ˣ·׷ײ²Ӧ鵽Ũʱûаѳס
ף̴ȵķ˿޷޲ƽССϲҧˣܲһ㰡Ƥ۵ĺòãһ㶼֪ˡ
ѵķ˿ȻæԼС˵СѲŶʮ꣬çײһСȶʮˣӦðһСѲŶԣ
̴֮󺧣Ҵû˺޳ܵĻ
Сʲôʲôλ˵ڵĻ˷Ц
˿һԲִˡ
Դһ֪ݵֱ侵ͷС֡
ף̴԰סѺ㿿ںϣĿ
ߴߴ˵һһ˸ԼʳһֻλŮѣۺԼ˵˵
ЩٶǰôҲġ
֣ӹȻˡ
ף̴ۣоǳ磬Թûе㳳С
ǣֱӽСˣ
ؾҪСҪСˡ
Сףʦ֪һģҡ
ף̴ȻԸԩˣü۵ǳǳЦ⣬㣬С
ûСء
˵ܲҡ
ľ仰ûأ
Ȼ۾ϢԷ˵Ļȴÿһ䶼ˣв
ⲻ

Ļ˿ûף̴ҲûѾܵȼŵе̻ʹˡ
ҲܣҪ۾ҡ
á
ף̴Ҳۣ״Ӧ
ü䣬ҪҪϢһ
ף̴ȣ
ҸոϢ۾
ƽǿߣûֻڳʵ
ѲҾ㿿Ϣ
ף̴ûк֣ͷá
ҲϲС
˽չɿ죬鶼еˡ
öԽ˵ʲôһpdЦſڣ˵ףʦʦˣ
Ҳڵʵ̫ܰŸʳڡ
ף̴ȿһۣѵöԱɫҲ΢΢ס
صͷţףʦŮѡ
ӴӴӴףʦء
ףϡʦ֡ڡǡҡŮѡ
ۣһ¼ƵʱûͷĿһ£Ƿʲôѡһģ
Цף̴ϸָôͲɷһˣҺףʦһֱڽӴҲˮɾһˡ
ѣƭˣ׹˲һġ
Ǿ/Сͷ
ۣʦϲףʦܲµû뵽ףʦҲͬ⡣
͹һ߲Զף̴ѱȽҪã뿪վͲһˡ
ǿףҵģô̸
Ȼʵǡ̸ˣܺãžͷ᲻÷ֿһ㣬ȫڡ
ף̴ɻĿpdһۣΪʲô᲻ͬ⣿
ҲСܺúϲ
pdڨڨЦ£˵֮ǰ˵ףʦʦͶԷһ𣬺öѶΪǲһ𡣡
ĿҪȶȣѺܶѳĻⶼ˳
һ٣ף̴ȣף̴ɫģΧ¶˺üȡ
ݵһϽڶԽһˣ˼Ҫˡ
ЦЦ뵽еķ˿ȷʵΪףʦҳǻӦһ£û̸ʱδİģϲôࡣ
ĸӿơ
ף̴Ҳͷڲϲġ
СһȻ˵ˣеʧ롣
Ǹ鵭˲ϲˡ
ڳֵӾͺܺá
˿ҲԼѵõɫС
Сȹһ͸֮ǵһôĿ˭ţҸĻܸоϲˡ
һѱˣһҪúöСȲ۸ۣСȱǿʵܴġ
ܿ쵽ˣĲ粻Ѿڿ˵ˣֻ˻û롣
ѴӺ䣬Լһȥ
ף̴ȸƲŮѵӰӣһֻװõưһֻѴӼϵţ̣СС
ĵȻ죬ЦҪ͸ˣ˸ߵſڣȽ˵һҪô죿˵Ŷףʦĵһ졫
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µ·˿˰⻰˸ȫȫβĻҪռˣ׷ȥȽֱ䣬˵ˣ͵أһҪɱˡ
ȽĻ˵Ҳ֪췢ʲôȻһҪúʣɲСˡ
ƢãûʲôӣǸҺ˵
мαʵҲܺ棬Ŷ۾๾תתתžͿվڿһˡ
ɫ̫ˣţ̵ף̴ȡ
ſһؿͼȽȻζҪȳˣȽȴ¼˵ĸð˳ڲȥһҪǵúȡ
ſ⣺
ѽǽҲ̫ˣû뵽Сһȷ϶ģɵɵ
ŮֻͬһܣȽˣûʲôҪԴȶҲͬġ
ѺѺãһ¥˵ף̴ȲڵĻ
һ䣬ȥˣƿĸӽȥҲɵأ
ҪҴҵŮ
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ѷ˫ֱأװҶˣ˵Һףʦأ
ٺ٣û˵㻵˵أ
һףʦ£һ߻Ϊ˵ɵףʦ˵һ
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ǲ˵ɵ𡣡
أףʦŲϲһɵӣߡ
ȽһջǾ仰Ž£䵭ףʦעֻŻ塣
˴΢ļͷӡ
ʣСѣףʦôѽͻȻ͹ˣ˵ʱΪӪҥؽ΢ɱˡ
ԷһĴָ
Ҳ׷ۣˣϢճʱҲΪӪҥ
Ƕ̸Ҳ䶯ġ
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һˡ
ʱ˲ף̴Ҳ⣬ҪѺԼʳڡ
ѣúúãʵĺãĺ桿
պֻҪȽһ£ҽӵݳΪˣ
ѱʵһ£˭ȱ׵ģ
˸ϵûôãȻ棬û˼ʳڣǳײҸдˣװ鶼ңѾһͻᱻ˿СԺȦˡ
°缦һߣһ۵ûС
ⷴΪ˹ȻˣΪһۡ
ƺڻ£˰죬ҡҡͷһҪ̸ġ
Ƚе㳬˵֪Χˡ
ǣףʦҪ̸ǰһ£
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Ƚ6
6
ʮݶˣ֪СôƭҲȥˡ
ǣ컹ΪԼ׼ʲôϲݺݸжСأ׶ûУһȻһˣ
̴㣺εcue
ȽһҲţף̴Ⱥţִ̣ţ̺ˣȴΪŮѲˣæ£С˼ˣС˺ˣףʦ̸ġ
ף̴Ȳ̧û뵽Էô˵
һ룬СһһŲҲ˲ļ˹ϵȻͻͽ
Ƚϣ
Ѿף̴ȺԼһĳжЦˡ
ѸЦˣp˫ֺʮף̴ȿͰ˵̸ɣͼƬ
һСȾͬ˵̫ҵĴȡ
СȻ̫׷ˣ֪ҲҪžߴ͹һ
ҲϥǱСһѡҵģ

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ǸҪ𣿡
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¥ϵĽ侲һ㣬Ůͬûоƺһ˵˭˾ָҸоյ׾Сǵ˿ϡ
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ҾҲǣ˾Ҫΰ˲СǺССöԣ
ףʦ˵ȴһ㶣Ťͷߣѽһ𡣡
һʼ˵ǼӴԣ㸺Ρ
ϣС˵ԼʲôģϻᴫĻ
գգۣףʦƫģǵģףʦ
С
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Ƚоոף̴е²ʵģڹҲԵˣֱӰ缦ĬԹ⣬ֻΪжһ䣬ףʦá
ף̴Ȳóʾ룬С⣬ȴЩж˼ΪϣҲġ
˼Ƭ̣ͷţҲûܶ˭á
仰ֱС۾һ޳жԸӡ
ߣףʦȥţ⣬ϰ泴ӷۣ
ʲôԳӷҲҪҲҪԣʦܲҲԼϰģ
ߺߣһ䣬Уֻףʦмϰġ
Ȼˣ䱻һߣȻʰ
cpԾͣྣྣྣˡ
cp꾭Ĳһ/ġ
һ㣬˻飬ο̸ֻ˵λرҲˣԸҲԯޣһǲǡ
þͱ죬û뷨
˭ǵҴȸϲš
һ˿϶ŰŮһȻһ
ĿĳЪ£ҪѺף̴ȥС
ףʦһ֭ǣסһֻŵ֣ڳ䡣
һˣһӷۣ˺ܶܶţ⣬һЩСϺˣǰף̴ָһʳطԣٶȸжĲУ첲ĺףʦף̴Ҳûס̧Сͷ
󸶿ʱ˳ִӳеıȡ֧ѩ⣬һ߳ѩһ߻ȥ
ף̴ССѩ⣬ȴһҧһڣȻ󱻶ĺϲ£죬òȥҲŤͷףʦúó
ֻҪʵͦĵġ
ף̴ȵͷ
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СžͷصĲУֻС֣ױһҲûУǵף̴ȲĿü顣
֪žͷ˼óֻϢǲʲôˡ
ֻһ¡
˵ֱʱǲֻģǲôҪף̴ȣһֻ۱һֻˡ
¼գԼֻӶף̴η˴˻ֻ
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˿۾ɵͭ/ظأݣҾٱ˵Ļ
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ÿŬֵҿӵһVIP˿͵[]


44 
Ҫףʦ簲,һȥףʦˣ˳ְѸpdȫ⡣
ڣ
̫ǵˣ
ʲôǷ˿ܿģ˵,˵
˶Ϊ˸,ѲŶ
Ļͣһ˲,˲²,ȥ˰,оƽʱӦͦ׵ģǶˡ
Ŷ,ҲҪ/ޡ
,ѰͷȫˣȻףʦȥ˱˱ףʦϵζ㣬Ҳ,촽
ף̴һζ,۱Ů,ֻһ,Ѿоˡ
Ŀں챻С߲,ٳȥʱ,ۼ̰ȫ¶ϸϸѰһ飬߻꽿۴ϣǻںɫ,,ոʲô,Զ
̫,̫,¾Ǻ,иӪžȻ˵ǺԼ£ЦҴȵĵλҪͱ˼װ£
Ӫ˵ģʲôʱ򱻸˾֪ˡ
ѱŮ˺ܾã׵ȶЩˣһڻ顣
ףʦ
СģʱףʦĲˡ
¶ԷҲֻƳһۣûǣ֡
˫΢ֿʼףʦףʦиͣһֻС
ף̴춼ˣСûûصġ
ϰ߾ͺãʢġ
ڵˣѺף̴һ¥ˢˢһ˳Ǵк
ҲòһһӦ
ԼѺ͹˶ЩҲһġ
ԼĳЦЦ˶Ƕף̴˵˾乧ϲ
ף̴һμۣԷ̸ˣû̸ϣ˵һֵùϲ¡
š
ף̴ȱ˺鲻ѵöԱҲܹһǳǳЦ
ݷҲˣ¾ղ˾׼˸úӪһ£ǰѺճȻ飬һǰȫռˣ˾ҪٻǮ򣬾͵ûѱƽʱüļ۸Ȼ˾ͷˣܻһ̣ȾȲ
̣Ҫộһղʱȶȸߵ;ֱӵ춨ⲿܲʲô̶ȡ
ȶôͣҪڷ۳Цˣ
ݷɲμյɫҲ̫ÿڿף̴ʱûסһۣպñͷ׽
ݷɵֱ˿࣬ڷ۵Ƕһ¼ĺڷע⵽޸ģϣ֣ͬ˾˵ϵݷɵڶѷۡ
ȶȸߵˣһƵˣԤģݷɱ˷ȥȫҶûˡ
ЩμӽĿʱ֪ݷ뵽ԼȶûˣͷҲûˣѲȶȲ侵ͷͲ
һ˾ģнƾʲôô죬Էȴô죿ǿף̴ϲ
һһкȻһͷʼ
ף̴ȻĸȥڲϳԴԶĿ
ݷҧҧҲ߹ȥڶԷ
ףʦ
ף̴ŷüһۣȻλȥ˶档
һҲ
ݷɣ
ǿЦţף̴˵Ҽи㣬һֱϲףʦĸ裬ףʦܸǩ𣿡
ûпǩۻĴ㡣
ݷһ˿ֱڵĻЦˡ
ûпǩۻĴ㣬
ҽĺϲףʦûƭ㡣
кܶϲҡ
ף̴ɫ䵭͸ǩ
ҲҪҪǩ˭
˵ֱ꣬ߵԱ߰ϴˡ
ѼŮˣС˵һٸʢۣʢţ⣬ٶŵˣòã
˵أŶҪ㹫˾ɵӷˣܲǹ˾߲ˣ񾭲Ƶġ
˰ɣ߲ϲˣһֱ
ţá
ʱףʦеˡ
ӦŤͷһۣƯ۾䣬ףѾ׹ˣһ̰ɡ
ţ⳴ӷĺܿ죬һܲ˿ѿʱţˣһ˻˱ǡ
ûԷζˣ۰ͰͿţǵȴͶιС
ҲԾԾף̴Ⱥ档
˼ŮӦһԡ
ţһݼţĳţӱ͵ף̴
ǲţ⳴ӷۣǳţһСӷۡ
ԷҲĽӹȥ
ŵڶȽʿˮٻͷõһţӡ

ߣ̸Ǻá
ף̴ȣԼԵĶǱ棬ֻ
ҲҪˣֻǼðܲã
СһѸף̴ȵһҬˮ̫˾ͺȵˮ󡣡
š
ף̴ȰͷԣҲˣ˵һԷۣճһڷۣһ˫˶ţĿӾķϡ
ףʦ͵͵Ӳ͡
Сߡ
¾Ĳò˼죬ڼԲãȥһʱ䣬ѾûˣȫڹעĳЩͷ顣
ˣִһ㣬ܻûסڣףʦСѹϵãһΪףʦݣСѻףʦСģһҵأû뵽ͺͨദࡣ
Ŀտʱ¾Ϊ̵ͱݺһ֣ʱգ̻ǵͣһ㶼ûиĽ
ԽԽԣĬĬͣ¿ӡ
ף̴ҲЩ̧񾭲ģӰСǵһ䣬ʲôݣͨ˵ݣСҲֻͨ¡
ͨµȻҪͨµķʽദˣ
Ǳ߶䤱ˣ㲻˵㾭˵Ϊʲôôࣿ
¾ֻǼ򵥵빧άһˣԷôҲû˼ЦǰĽСѣܺףʦݵһǺŽǲǶҪŵԵģ
ѣǲںݺףʦƥ䣿
ף̴ȣ
ǹ˾û˽̹ô˵ҿȥ㡣
¾۾һףʦ˽Ұףʦˣ˾˽̹βŷҳġ
Ȼ˾˳Ŀ飬ధ֤Լһȥˣŵõ¶Ļᡣ
ڣ˱̹˻˵Щ
Ц˾ʲô˲ʦϽȥ׷ɣһûС
˾ڹɣⲻѧãԲıһ¡
Ѵ˴ף̴ȣû£԰ɣһ˾Ͳóˡ
Է˵Ҳǵһ֪ˡ
ԼѺȻˣԷף̴˵ֿСѲǹףʦʰɣʢô⡣

ˣ
ܰ˵
ܲεĳ棬Բףʦôݣһôˡ
Ҳһ£ѽŮѣԵôˣţֲˣţá
¾˵䱩ü˾ȻежǸ𾢶ˣ컹Ҫ˵ʲôԱߵſס˺ˣԷɣˣʳ޲
˵ôˣô涨
¾Թֹûȥ£ϵˡ
СŮ˵ҪԵ㣬㲻ֵġ
ף̴΢΢ͷͲ¾ָһţ⣬ţҲԣ㿴籾
ҲǵŮǣһȻƬԼϣкܶܺõľ籾űѡ
˵⼸Ҫտ籾ġ
ţҪȥ㷿俴
ССҪף̴ʧЦ֪Լôܹ
Ҳûоܾţá
ѵļල£һʳķ۱ף̴ȳԵĸɸɾ˺˴кһͬ볡ͬһ䣬˿ҲpdȥˣȴɸеȻʧ
ʱҴͺˣٽʲôء
λٸʾһ綼ʲôȻҪQAQ
ϣྵcpĪһڡ
Ѻף̴Ȳ֪ĻˢĺģĿҲǡ
һдʣһſ籾Ȼȫͬ£ǣһġ
һַֻ籾еѣҲҪŮС֡
ʱܿϣ󣬽Ŀڹг̡
¼ҲһֱڱţվûزˣȺڼܴܲ
ǸոϲļαдŵǾյԽĿţŵʱÿ¥ѡһĻѡͬһļαԶӣӳɹǰαɼ棬ӺвļαԻαص㣬ȡöԷͬ⡣
˵˾ǽĿ飬Ѽα飬ף̴ԱˣӰʣԶһ
뵽ܴнȥ棬ʵͦ˵ģ֪ףʦ߲ˣףʦϲڼš
Ѿˣһѡʱ¥ѡ˳ˡ
ڷһȵ鷢Ϣȥ¥°ѡɽǱѡȽ϶࣬к棬ŮͬǷֿģ٣ֻѡ
ѡҲȽΡ
ŮͬһˣζһҪݣһж
һжãġ
ѿѡԥԥʱĻѾѡˣʲôأȻѡף̴ǰɽ𣿡
Ҵɽ붼룬ƽʱó/ġ
Ӧңźһ𣬱ѡɽɽϸߣһ㡿
ɽףʦӦòϲȽԴףʦȥ·ףʦԵģɽĻ´пȥɣѡ
úûԥڳӣȻ˳ȥžͻȥˡ
ڶǹ˶ӣҲɽһ۾ͻȥˡ
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Ȼϲ֮ǰС˵ȥɽͺöȰ˶ӦûѡɽŶԡ
˿ֱ˸߲ңÿԿԼȥˡ
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˿ô¡
Բۣǣ㣬㣬ѡ˽㣬㲻ǲϲ˶𣡡
pdܿĻϵķԣ̲סʣ˵ףʦϲ˶ǽΪʲôѡɽأ
ף̴ȵСӦûѡ
pd
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Ŀ²⣬˿һ֪ܲͬһʼأҲУвҲУɶС
ҺýĿк֡
ѡص󣬽ĿͰѸԵѡ񷢵Էֻˡ
һڡ
ûһԳɹġ
ڣ
쿴ѼαɶǽĿ顿
һ˵һ鶼̫ΪԷˣѡĶǶԷϲġ
ٺ٣ϲֺñ
ף̴ȿʱĵһӦǲ죬ѿѾҪȥ˻ˡ
ﲻͣ߶ܻƣȻһҪֿԼᣬƷ
ѱȥһףʦǲɽĻͺ͸ϤܻһɽƵģ˶Լ˹סˡ
ܣǡ
С㣬˾㷢ȥ˴Լ֪յûС
ںѣһ£ûѽʲôʱ򷢵ģ
ģΪ˾Ʒƴʹ
Ŀܹ˾ûüңǹѡ𣿡
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˶˾ǹ֪˶ЬƷƣƷƴʹҲǸС˵ġ
ٺ٣ллܡ
㻹˵μջӰԺĹߣͲᣬֻǺú¼գҲ죬ԼǱˮˣ
˶ЦͷȻ󻰷һת⣬ˣҿĿ֪ͨףСֿˣ
԰Ҫȥףʦ˵ء
ԵĻܺͼѼѻһ岻ã˾˶
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ףʦȻԼѡɽģףʦһΪǿԼѡɽġ
ţá
˶ӦѾƿȥףʦˡ
ˣһѵ֪Լ岻ãΪʲôҪѡɽ
Լͬѧ֪Էⶼġ
ԼɽӳĬֻ
˶Ҳ̫ˣԼԼɽʲô°˼ңѹ̸ֻۡ
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Ͳºһ˵𣬷ǵˣѹԼÿοܺ¡
ܵ¥ݿʱף̴ҲĿԣ飬ԷȴΡ
СѲɽΪʲôûѡ
ȻΪң
С۾ǣСΪ㲻˶Ҿѡ˳ҿԴȥ··ԵģȻȥתľ
ͦɽģǺףʦһҪոշû֮ǰѾڷҪôˡ
˵Щʲôʱȥɽ뿪Ŀûʱˡ
Ƕˣƽʱг̺æ˾ѴӦһɽ
żпգʱҲԲϣ¼ƽĿʱײһ
¼ڼ仹кܶ˸ţȫ㡣
ףʦ˵Ҳе
ף̴ȴӣȥ˻˰ɣһȥɽ
ȣ庢ӵδ˵
߾С£ž޵ף̴ȣ
Ŷ
ѹԹԵͷʾһ˵ҸѼѻˣ˵岻òɽ
ף̴ȱܻģԶ˶٣ʻû˵ڵĻ룬ҲûҪ̫ܣԷֻǡ÷ѵͶѡ
ţȥɡ
̸Ѳȫλܵףʦᡣ
Ư˫΢΢䣬ͷף̴һ£ȥˡ
һ˵͹˫ؼҷӦcpڵĻʦһҪһĻˣ鲻Խǣ


45 
ף̴Ű,Ѻ棬һ̵ʾȻСϱ
ȥԼѻơ
ԼҲû˵İƵݸ,ӹĳơ
ǿЦЦ,Ĺڶˡ
˶ܲܶԼѼѺһ㰡
ԼѼͦõ,̫ǿ,Ա˱,ŮѾôףԼҲϲ
ҸоԼѻͦϲ˶ġ
,Ȼô᲻ѡɽ,Ҳǹ˶ϲɽ
ѻŮѵֻȥˣȥ䣬š
ףʦдʲô
²
𿪿֪ˡ
СȲ裬Ҳܺ,ף̴ȵֻŰ׿ˮȺ,ü,ԵúмԼ
Ŷ
ѹԹԲ,ףʦ̵ķ,,Сѣʢ̫ˣ´һ㡣
θС,Բôࡣ
,͵͵˹,Ȼϸۺ÷ŵ,ʶŤͷȥŮ,춼,뵽ͷĬĬջȥ
ڻ۽𾦣ով
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˭֪۹⾹⵽ףʦķԣ
Ѳﲻˣôÿ
㲻ΪʲôҪҵգ֪ĻΪҷ˿أ˭ܲµŮѡ
ԭף̴̸ҲΪ²˰
ǾһûȦûȫ£
˻㹫оûҪȦһ飬ɣȦǼɷˡ
ӷ㻹ǣ˵Ҳ뿴Ҫô̸ˣҺ޲ǰһͶȦҺԼҹϳԡ
Ŷ
Сֱѵˣʵʵգһһ죬ҡ
ף̴Ȳϣûס
С
ͽˣ
ţס
ף̴ȵһ˵촽˶ǵͷӦãԺˡ
ȻҲס
˵ŮѺܸˡ
۾ָոջüǣֺգòãҺϲ
ף̴û飬ͷã㷢ҡ
Ŷá
˻Ȧͱˡ
ף̴Ǳߵľ˷ʹļ׵ʡԺš
Ҳ˹ˣСϢ㣬ǲ̸ѽ
һСͷţѽѽлҺȥǳԷŶ
ԷкܾãŻһ䣬ðð費㣬̫ˣ㣬ԲҪ
һСͷıǰ͵ȥġ
ף̴ȼ֪ں˭죬һһЦ΢΢ü첱ӹȥעʶʣ㻹ã
ûбܻԼļͥͷţͬĸ츸á
Ŷ֪ǵ𣿡
Ҹոոˣ˵лһȥԷ
á
ף̴Ȳ֪Ǽҹϵôûйۣһ֧ˣţҪҳˣҲ̫˰ɡ


47 
ɽƬһ·羰,Գ˵㶫׼ȥˡ
ȥǰѻС,ĵ᲻ᡣ
á
ƽʱ˶,ڻ,ܻ,Ҳࡣ
,á
ʱɲٸӰʦม
ǾǣҲҪ/͵
ɽ³,αΪһ³,pdΪǣҲȥˣûӦĸһȻ޷ж༷
ף̴Ҳǵһɽ,Ǻ,Ư۾һգգ³,ѸƵľɫ˼Ƭ,Ȼһת,Ťͷף̴Ҳһš
ף̴ŵ,ʶȥ򴽣,ôָģ
ź,Ůѽ,ĸ˭ġ
,Ȼе㺦,̯,ҪңҲҪġ
Ŷ
ѹԹ԰ݹȥ˰Ū˺üš
СģĵƬҪˣף̴ͬ⣬ʱصҪ󣬡Ƭҡ
ŶҴϴģȻŷŵҡ
ף̴ԣ۾һϴݡ
ҲҪ
ѽѽ
ദоͨŮŮûɶ𰥡
Ůǵ
ڿҪҪٺȵˮ
š
˵ˮ⣬ҪһƿףʦȻŻˮһ١
ˮһӵģ˺ȵĲ࣬һʱ֮侹Ȼֲĸģĸףʦġ
С±ơ
ף̴ȿһۣȴûôִ࣬ȡһƿ򿪺ˮ
Ҳ֪ƿ˭ġ
С
Է侲ûˮɣ
СҡͷûûУġ
ţǾû¡
춼׹ˣˮ˭ĻҪ
Ҫ
롣
̧ŮѵԴ
ŮԴëףֲܾÿαԵúܹԵӡ
ȷʵû˵ʲôżգ۾
ȥ˿һ磬ɽȴֻüʮӣϢôЩʱ䣬ڶоһˡ
ȥҲԵ޾ɣٽƬ
΢ɺÿ֡
˻ûֻɽĻˣ̫Ҳû˼棬αȽݷҲˣڿ졣
һǣȽʹִкףʦСѣܣǻˣ¼α𣿡
Ц߽Ƚһ¡
ȽȽţһλ¼αһġ
󷽴кãҽգǸˣܸʶ㡣
ˣ
⻰һȽͲ²Ӧбġ
ôܽա
۰
ȽǱߵĹҲһ£˵αˣ
˭ҴС׷˰ɣ͸һ
ãȽȽȽͺˡ
õģȽȽҲˢ㡣
𡣡
Ƚкʣһˡ
ݷһ·òӣվ㣬þò
Ļ
ŻҪˣûôյģȻԴĽ㡿
ȻһУϲԴˡ
ѵķ˿ֱӦ˸ѪͷҲû뵽ǾȻǽܣ峺±ơ
Цܣõܣôû뵽ɣ
˵仰ʱֿѣƺ뿴һķӦ
ݷɵý㣬ȷʵһ£ΪʵڲϲݷɣҲĸо򴽣СףʦҪҪһ
ף̴ҡͷȥ¥ϴ裬Ҳȥ
ʲôģŮѣܷԼڵʱദ
һҪ¥ͰҲ޶ȥ
ţãҲϴ
˺˴кһǣ¥ˣպϤһ¡
ܲϲյƲͬȥϴ裬Ͼɽһ
ϴ裬һīɫtӹһâǵƴһһȥԼˡ
һıӱɢһ΢㻯˸򵥵ױȻ߸ȥŮѡ
ף̴Ҳϴ裬ڷĨҩеɹˡ
ţССȣ
ϲ³ƺһֱС
ף̴ȵ˵һӦ
Сһʱŵһ¡
ȻڶԷװ׵Ķϣŵһҩζˣǲţüʲôѽôҩ
ţɹˣɽʱȥġ
ѣ
ͫ׵ۼˣæʣʲôʱɹ˵ģɹΪʲô˵
ûʲô˵ģĨҩͺˡ
СۣһһչȥڷֶԷӴһƬɫ
ɽʱףʦͷ̫ˣ˸ͷʱԼˣû뵽¶ľ̫ɹˡ
ֲףʦְͷˣ϶ǲӰ飬أףʦúá
ָжġ
ף̴Ȳ֪ô£СͺҪһ
ְ̧ݵļʲôֻɹ˶ѣôŪĸҪһ
Ѳףʦ˵Ų
ף̴ȣ
û˵Ҫʲô
ȥС۾ڶԷŨܵ۽Щʪ⡣
С죬㣬۲۰ôһ鶼ˡ
ôһɹˣоɹϻۡ
ף̴ԣƯķ̧ƺû뵽⸱Ϊۡ
ֻС˶ѣҪˣ
Сʱĸϵãæµû˻ЩСˣɹ˲˸˵ûҪ˵û˻ۡ
С˵ۡ
ɹ˵ĵط΢⣬С䡣
ף̴Ŷˣ䣬䵽ҩˡ
ŶҰҩ
СùԷϵҩ࣬±ӡ
˲е㵣ǲں͵͵ް
ף̴Ƚͷ۵һߣ򴽣ޣֲʲô¡
֪ˣûпޡ
΢ҩĨ˿ϣɢ˼ȣСƵģף̴ҩǰҵ𣿡
ССҪ˵
Ϊʲôˣ
עӣҲܲεѹһ㡣
һͺ˵ˣңΪҲѡɽģҪȥͲɹˡ
Сסš
ף̴ҡͷһҲһ˵ԼҪȥɽģҴûɽ㣬һҲ֪ɽʲôоɽܸˡ
ԣҪҺܸ˵ģΪһɽһС˸ûʲô
˵ѶҲǰ˵ѹŹô˵ģףʦúá
Ѹ̲סˣף̴ȵСࣺö¡
ף̴η˷ϵˣȥˣ֡
Ŷȥɣ綼ûʲôҸһ뼦Ժòã
ÿ˻Һܺóԣļرۣ
ף̴΢΢ͷţá
ϾֱҲ뿪ͷ̫á
ǣŮѵһ¥
ҷ˿ֹͣĴԸؼңһؼҾͿأﰡָȥˣܲܲҪŮ/ίͰ͡
˻ףʦȹɱˣʺš
Сۿôģոտ޹Ϊʲôް
͸ֱ豸ܿ⣬ֳ˸׷ˡ
ձɳϺ죬¥ף̴ϣϡ
ͮͮ۾ʱһ£ȻװãȻӣСѣ۾ôˣףʦ𣿡
·һʱ뵽
Ļ
ʲô˼СȾС𣿡
ǲ֪ʲôϾʱ֪ʲô£ֱʱرء
ָɽ·Ϲرչһֱ䡣
ǣãֱʱرյʱ˵ϲȥ𣿡
ϲΪʲôҪһȥ˵ֱһرյġ
һ¥ϾǵС֮һϲ𣬲ұȽϹɽûй
ɽкɽǺľȥɽͷÿˣйġ
Ŷ/ʧ䣬ΪѾ̹ˡ

ѱʵһ£˵ʲôףʦôңԼģףʦûϵ
˻ǣ֣ܼˡ
ԷѲˣҲǸǿʵЦţԲ˵ˣףʦôãô㡣
򴽣Դ֪Էݷýܾ֮Ҳˡ
μָҪʲô
˾һֱƫݷɣĹ˾ʩѹݷɣûУ˿һա
һ·ŮѣڻǰϾҪˡ
Сˣף̴Ⱥ˵ҪǾͱصˣȥ
Էһһ˵ãƭС
ôԡ
ˣһӶģñߵġ
仰˵ļ¼α棬һ㣬ˣƢۣ֮⻰һĻ˵ûòʼпǵһԾͷ̫˵ա
ǲ̫ĻȴûһܺƢĸͣǣǲɵˣֻСѺףʦɵġ
ף̴ǵȻ˵һۣסˡ
ֲɵӣҲϷ֪꣬ʲôùڲϲ
ףʦϲϲҲףʦ
һȥСܲǹġ
ԲѽСܣףʦϲᣬе㲻ˣûңҲҵģףʦҺܺúģܶһ⡣
⻰һֱķ˿˲֧⣬ǸСȣСȲŲ˵ġ
·ˣһ˵һұҲװף̴ȵɶ׵ˣҶûף̴ȶСѺ
԰û̸ʱѶͦõģԸ˲һĸо
Ц˵ףҪ汻ף̴˻

һע⵽С˵ףʦ𣬲֪Ϊʲôо
СѾѶԷ¶ԼŽ͵ĹԱ
գԭҲǹףʦģֻǺǻϤ˽ףʦԸ񣬵ԺϤ˾ͺˣףʦһҪᰡ
ŴЦսһ㣬˵ʵף̴Ⱥܲᣬ˵С˵
žͷ棬һ㡣
·ס
˵ףʦ˵Ļæףʦˡ
Ц£ղŽ
ոףʦ˵СҪ𣿡
ķһߵͷš
ȽߵվСҲ̫ƫˣףʦСҲҪԣ
ϲݷܣԼ˸ɽȥˡ
ڴ򼦵־ҪҲԼʦ֪ǽĿ飬㲻ܲҵķ

С˵
㲻ҪףʦҲܣҲҪԡ
ף̴ֺˣôô˲Ůѣ
򴽣ȴû˵ʲôСѴӦһҲûֹ
˹鲻ˣ֪ھͷǰôСѺá
ԷˣСѲþܾ
ȽԹԸ֣һɽҪˣոձģ֣ҪףʦСҲһˣģһҳȥԣǡ
ٺ٣֪Сϲ׽
һ̸ġ
䶯Ҳһԭ򣬾ûбǳ˭˶ƶԷĳ
ţԳֱ̫ˡ
úྡ
̫ãˮ󼸷Ӿͺˣ⻬ȻûСףžͺƯ
üӶһһ룬ţȽ˵Ҫȥͱҫһļÿŵ¾ʹȥˣڲǰ
û棬ճңѸףʦ˸ף²쳢òóԣҿԺòãĿĿ䶼ûôùء
Ŀµõ˿ƷƵҪһΪ
Ǿͽףʦ԰ɣҲþûˡ
ţʳ
û£ҵͺˣܿġ
ף̴»۵ĵҼһׯߵؼ˱ȽϽ
Ŷ
Сʵ/
ոһΪҪһĹˡ
ۣǮ˹ȻȽ⽡
þûߵؼˣȥҲɱһֻ涼Ǽؼ
˸첲Ÿ첲Էʱֻ˺ü£ʲôŴ򿪿һۣǾ˷Ϣ
ϢҪ㡱
һѾ֪ˣɽ˶ЬǵƷƴʹļ۸ǳã˾ѾӦˡ
һ֮ǰԵǸ飬ǱѾڶŮˣκȻִ绰ǵǣ˵Ůӷϣ̬ͦϿҵģ㿴ҪҪԼһһ¡
Ҳû£ﻹ籾㡱
ǸѼǵã籾дĺܺãϲ˵нͶˣȻָŮԱݣ
ҲأףʦⲿͶʵģףʦͶʣǻ˰ɡ
ףʦû֮ǰѡһ˺Ȼţǳףʦġ
ףʦȦıԺԾ飬˼ǲǶٶҪףʦˣ
ףʦ
СԾȥף̴ȵĥ¡
ף̴ȲԣҲȻĲ¡
㣺ûҪףʦͶʣҲ²ŮĻԼͿõͶʡ
ȶȺܸߣֺͳף̴̸˵ˣԼŵġ
ȥԽɫǱҲϲıݣڶǸݵûãȨ׵ѡѣҪȻȼһһ趨
ǲ籾ĲļŮһϸ߷壬ûж۵䣬߹ȫŮһϣںȫԣݵúԺСĵһˡ
ãȼɡ
Ϣ͵͵ף̴ȵһ£ллףʦ
ţôˡ
û£лл㡣
СʱĪģһˣ
ף̴û׷ʣǣ׽ľٶȻ⡣


48 
ϿĿڲ,ף̴һʵļ˳Ҫһֻ˵쳴ԡ
ֻպڳæ,Է˿ƺõļ,Ц,ֻףʦ˼𡣡
,ףʦġ
仰˵,Īһۡ
յЦһ㣬Ҳ,С,ҿԳ𣿡
ѣ
ǣôŮҪɶҪɶ
ܱܲϲŮѣˣҺòײ̸Ķء
ѱһ˲ѿˡ
һƢܺ,Ҫپܾ,,,ᶨҡͷ,,ûô࣬ףʦҪԵġ
ףʦͳҲ˷
С,ǲǾŲȻķ
Ǹҡͷ,ףʦθС,ļ͹,,һٸĳԡ
պеʧ,ִܿЦʣأҲ𣿡
ҳԡ
͸С˿ᣬûԼȻҪԣ
ðףʦƷƷɡ
ǲϲС
ʲôʲôССȲŲС
ССèӦèŶԡ
ǹè1лл
񾭲
˵ϻдŸ˭
֪дҵ̴˵С
cp۲ı˵£İcp
ܣҿô죬ԼѸһ仰û˵϶дף̴һˡ
ҽ
ף̴ȴ¥۾ڳѰһȦҵ˺ʶִյŮȥǸ̸û죬ֲġ
οڣ˶ཻ̫±ǽǡ
ԼС㹻Ҳ¡
Сѡ
Ůѵ۾һæ̧ͷССȣѽѽ
ģף̴бɰǲԵĹ˹߹ȥ𣿡
˿ˣǵþͺ
š
ף̴ӦһȥߵţһɽţҪ˯˯ĺˣҸţ̣һţߵġ
֪ˣСܼţ˯Ҫš
ѾҪܣС˵ҹ岻ãô˰ҹ£ƽʱˣæʱ˯˯˯õģ𴲣
ţȻתҪ𴲡
ף̴ȣ
Сü鲻ԸҲҪ𡣡
ԷأУӦҪܲġ

˹ӣûסʣôǵã
Ҳ̫˵㡣
ϴ¼ƵʱӦģȻǵڡ
ţΪܲûܲQAQ
С¶һͰ͵ӡ
ղ֪ʲôʱ߹˻Цһȥ֮ܲǰҲгܵϰߣæŸһʱ䣬óڰѺϰ߼ͱΪףʦˣףʦϰǿܵġ
ϲСȣ˿ɻ
cp
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ҼССȵʱ֪أմߣãСѼලС˯ÿΪСȵ˽/ָ
ף̴ҲöԷ˾Լ˸飬򴽣ڣãܲҷ亰ҡ
˵ʲôҲһȥܡ
ԣ˫һæͷѽѽ
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ҪС
СǹСױƭġ
ף̴š
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·˺˵ӡ
һ˵һ˼ֻ뽻ѵĻҲ̫ż˰ɡ
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ӻǲΣףʦദʱ䣬ϱ˰
գ
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εͷǺðɣ´һܲ
ţá
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˵
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ˡ
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ѻԼЦЦӦһȻȥᷭһ£ܿͻ
š
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˶նҪĹڳԡ
ܵע̫ȣ˶˶٣¿̧ͷ㲻ٳһ𡣡
㣬һ㶼׽ʵҡͷˣҿǳһͺˡ
ڳԹ
˶
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ף̴ȴԼһ鼦ᣬŵԼ࣬ԡ
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˺þòſʼҰοˣڿķϣһΰɡ
۲Ϊֱ䡣
ÿʱֱأһǿûзʲôºüʱǹ۲һף̴ȺѵĸǷȹ̣ڿĺܰģĪֵӡ
ͷˣԼܰպܾãȻҲÿˡ
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ף̴ȸոտˣ
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ԷǿӦǺðɡ
㲻ո˵ˣװҲ
ף̴üϲС䵭ԶԱ䵭ܶô䵭
ѱҲô۸Ůѣ־ӦˣȻͷ˳һڡ
ףʦ룬һɣҪͦࡣ
ûܾ˳ӵı࣡
ϴ裬ϸɸɾģҲûױĺܺãЩˮۣͺܺס
һں̲סһڣһȥʱף̴ȵѾˡ
ֱٶȿ˿ϰΪ
Сֱ졿
ǣ쵽ɶñ˵ģ
Ǿǡ
ҿ飬Ҫ죡
ףʦʦ˺þŶ
pdյݵָʾҵҵڣһ㱬㣬ף̴䵭ɨһۡ
ЦЦոףʦڴͷеˣ˼
ŶֻǴͷ𣿡
еͷŴţ컹
ٺ٣ֻɵӲŻǵĻ
ףʦƯ
СҲòģžͽھȻô͡
ûʲôΪжɲ˻ۿһϷ
ʱݷɸձ߳֡
Ůѵ֣û¥ݾѾһӭˡ
СѣϷɣСĲɵģһ㶼ã
Ǿ壬ÿֵݷӵʱҪ˴ߺü飬ʱԼˣǲߣɵһúˡ
⣬ֲ׵ĺԼƣû˸ݷӡ
ΪΣվһһ仰Ҳ˵ֻѿӲһ䣬Ҳˣɡ
Դ
ףʦҪҪһ£
ֻͬ˾˵ͷʱȴǲõЦ
ˡ
ף̴Ȼû˵Ƚͻӻ֣һ£һһ塣
ѱ˸OKơ
ף̴ûϷ˱ڻһʱѧᡣ
һŵۻۣɱһӹ̶Ҳ׹ֻ׹ҡҡλδڶϡ
ĹճߣŮѻʱֻ˾ϸСֻ־סˡ
ˣֻǲߣˣ˵ôأ
ѽ˵Ҫڳǵļαһ𳪸裡
ɫ˲ɿָΪԼʧ룬ҿɲ䣬ҳȫġ
ȽһЦˣףʦŮôȫʦô¡
ղ죬ҳҲ
ȫûڶ˵εЦҲܾѽҲġ
ձˣԤϣɫ̫ѿֻǵĻϵķ˿̫ˣһ԰һ١
ף̴ûзŮȫ˵ҲûʲôܺǾ͹ˣСֲǸ֡
˺ˣǿʼŶ
ⳡϷĸ˲룬ܺˣּαйʱڱ
ţ
ѵȻڽĿһչˣɫ治١
ƫƫԽԽߣ֣Ƚյķɻ뿪ʼλˣѸܻͣǡ

Сȡ
еŤͷѰҰƯ۾ˮģСţȥе
ף̴ȿĪۡ
Сܹ֧Сȹ
ܲܣҪССŮܵģ㶮ܵĺó԰
СͶͶ
СͰ͵ıסŮѵֱۣϣһڷ˿໵ġ
ף̴ȽӹӣŮѺ󱳣
ϷѣӮν˾ͺá
ţףʦͶҲͶˡ
á
ף̴ȺʱᣬоͷڣҪС
оͷڣûסСһ¡
ָӳ߽档
ףʦͶһ塱
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ǾͲҪˣ˵ʱ㳪һ㣬ҳһͺˡ
룬ǹСѵģӦþͺ˰ɡ
ȫȫñС
ףʦҲ̫˰ɣĽѡ
ҲܺðףʦᣬȶףʦԣܺðһԳĵС£
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İףʦСŲñôô
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ϲϷ﴿ΪŮѡ
ţ
ʱתף̴˵Ǿ仰ǻһ˳ù˺񶼱תˣһ·նκγΪ谭ĵûϡ
±ƣֱԼķɻһ·ߵյ㣬еûӦ뿪źȻô˳
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һԼĲû±ͷ
еѡ
ձĹ۲Ѻף̴ȵദģʽȻһ˿õԤУûҽ뿪ܾǾ鷳Сˣһ𳪸𣿡
գ
ӲЦЦ˵ҪԼǵŸ
ܰĿ첻ǾͺСѱø𣿡
֮⣬㶼ԣΪʲôС
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˼ˣֻεЦЦͷӦǺðɣҳҲ
νûϵ
ȽΪкϷߣѱסţűһϷ
ǵͷһܺա
˿ЦֱԣѡֻҪѡգԺҲˡ
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ף̴ߵķ˿Ѿˣֵļ˲ס
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ѡһ׶Էᳪģĸ衣
渳֮ף̴ĬĬסСĶ䡣
ʹȻŶСУôıһ
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51 
Ŀ鷢֪ͨ,λαѡԼǵļαһȥԼᣬѡǼαȨܾ
ȻȨܾпͷˣף̴Ǳ߲ϣѱȺͱ˳ȥԼ,ĿҲûа취
ҷǿȨQAQ
Լ֪ͨλֻϵʱ,ǣ¥¿,ҲŮѷԼ,һȥְ,Ѽǹֻ˺ܶ·Ҳ򣡡
Ůһȥ,ĿԼʱ
ף̴ȶȥûʲô,һȥ¶ԾͱȽ˸ˡ
á
ٻԣǲˣ᳤,Ҫҵġ
ף̴ʧЦ,Сÿżʵ,εͷ,š
ڼҳСܶ,ԵĻʲôҳˡ
Իڼҳ԰ɡ
ٺ١
ףʦһ,
˶ڲԶţЩĪĽǣǿܺ,ȻҲûκ谭
á
ԼҲԾ,һЩǰ,㶵ЦЦ,ʱ,Ҳġ
ء֪,Щϵֻƾǲߵġ
ԼѴһֺֻȻѧ
ûзͶԷǵĽӴ̫࣬Ѿеϰˡ
ֻǵˣ˾ͻңҲ뷴
ԼѺŨܵ۽ޣڶԷ
˶ͷһЩ⣬ˣ
Լҡͷ
û˵ʲôˡ
ѹȻӵյԼҲԥľܾˡ
׼ֻǸϷµ˸Ǹ˵û£ӣʵʻǾǧ֮⡣
Ȼеרһˡ
ΨһԼıܣձѡΣжǳãԸ⿼ܣɴûԼˡ
ܸǣ֪ѡԼûͣ١
緹򵥵һ棬ҪһԼ˾׼ˡ
ע⣬ݷɲҵն㿪pd档
ҧгһ磬յȻûʲôɫʲô˼ǲ˵ˣҪдŸף̴ȵ𣿡
յͷʮνӣȷʵ˵ˡ
ݷ۾ˣһѪ˿ΪʲôҪдŸѣ
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仰ݷͫȻ˵ʲôϲѣ
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ѴӴѧͿʼϷˣһֱѧӡ󣬺ϲûлӴ
Ĺæ
ҪݷɣҲܺѽӴҲûȦ
ԭԭȻѣ
ݷɲûѪý㣬ڳԣȻϲѣǣϲʲôã˼ҿɿ㣬ʸ֦أ㲻ȥŮˣһλʱ㻹һ᣿
Ͳˡ
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вա
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СҲϲСһÿһ¥һʱСġ
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
ף̴һֽӹҬˮҬˮҲܸ㲻ȣ
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ҪʲôرСһͺܸˡ
Ŷ
ʵӦŮ޳ָҴȥ𲻸˺òã
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ף̴ȿһֱֱۣۻλΣǿû
ţҪҪһҬˮ
ȣ³ʱҲɹһ̫Сˡ
š
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쳤Ӿȥȣף̴ű׽Ʒ͵һ㡣
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ףʦһ
Ȼף̴ȵעȴΪԼ·ϣ֮󻷹ܣһȾĲǷȹ׺ҡεƬܺÿʺС
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⼸㿴ϲ𣿡
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ף̴ףҲ󣬵곤ϵЦӯӯʣףС㣬Ҫģչʾ𣿡
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ٺ٣ǼСȾǴС´Ȧ
СѣǰûܹĴǳ˳飬ǲ̫ϰߣҡҡͷ
ţǾͲˣ㿴⼸ϲ𣿡
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Ƕ̫û֪ˡ
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.
ˮСȣðԵ
ף̴򴽣ʲôԵԵģٿС˵Ƕá
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Ȼͱǣˣе·һ͹ȥ
ãȻǣ
ףʦ*Ǯ·ֻǮԼ·
Сĥţеˡ

С߶߶ҪΡ
ף̴ڴӦá
ٺ١
ָ˹Ʒꡣ
ƽʱϷæµʵʱܰĹһ̳ѡƷĻ֮١
ףʦϲ飬һΣһЩܵģʱף̴ִӰóݹȥסˢš
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ף̴΢΢üϲô
˵ʱû˵ʲôһȥͲˣСҲˣĴ΢΢ƫͷˡ
Ŀ˵ŤͷŮѲ˼˵ɫ
ʶ׷ȥǣǣϣٶȱ˦
ף̴ɫģǣҸ
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ۼ˱ŤӰʦ޲ðȥ㡣
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ף̴һۣ˴꣬Щ䣬Ʋ̸֣Ǯֵôġ
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ϵһѶ
֪С뻨Ǯ߾ȫãǣϲ
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֮ǰˮϯ̴ĹǺѵķ˿˵ע㣬̸Ͳ·ģΪڹǰǿͺԼŮѵ飬ѵ˵ùȥ𣿡
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ҲŲ˲ϲǮأСȸǮﲻ֪жˣϻװģС
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cpһȰһȰǱߣֱæת
ף̴ȡܡѸϼ
Щܡ˶֪
Ѽ׷ȥˣίҲ㻨ǮһҪ㻨Ǯ
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Ѵڵ֪ԷûжϲĽôóģֱpdʾ⣬ףʦˣʦ׷𣿡
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ף̴ʮָѩףĵָҲüˡ
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ëҲҽʲô⣬ҽǿǲǣ
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ˮڷ˿Żˮһ磬ѸСȣ䲻Сȡֻߣף̴ôƢôô顿֮Ļ
ף̴ҧǱСߡ
˦߿ƫƫСץμˣСͰ͵ӣҲЩ̡
ƿ
Ѱ˴ĽĵģȥһУףʦߵŲ鲻Ըףʦһȥģ򵽾˻
ףʦĿɺóˡ
ף̴ƫͷأʲôģƵģҲԡ
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ѽѽоһĺʵˣҳ𣬱ȸˡ
ָͷĹ˶Լһ顣
һˣףʦ
Сᣬ˵Ļβ˵Ŀˣֱף̴ȵһۡ
л˵
ҺȻ뵽ߵʱСҲ˵ˣףʦټһ°[ͷ]
ˣһΰɣûȱ[]


52 
ף̴һ,ԲˣһۿȥǺӡ
cpۻУҾ˵СȺ,СóԸ,㻹Ҳ,ˡ
̴㣺,ҽ㲻ԸǱҽ,˼
ë˼Сﶼɱˣ666,б԰,ܲסС
ҪǵžͷΪСȻ𣿡
Ӵף̴ȽˣҪǾͷˣǰ𣬳ϰ,Сˡ
Ψ̴㱩ŭ,ƨҽ㰮˭ҲᰮֻݽС
cpȰ,ҲҪô˵,СûСȵǮ,ôݽء
.
Ѻڽ,͵͵ȥС֡
һֱ˦ˣƶᣬٴȥ,ף̴˦,,˦,,˦,˦ˡ
յĽģɫͰͣСȡ

ף̴ȻڱŤŬʹԼӱҲƵġ

Ҫңҷֵô壬Ҹʲô
ң㻨Ǯ
ǲ뻨ҵǮ
ף̴Ծơ
ѼǣסֲһֵôߵĹȥ
Ȼ뻨Ǯ㻨ҵǮѽѵ˵Һϲףʦ𡣡
Сףʦʹ䡣
ף̴ȣ
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ţ֪ˡ
Сɵͷ
ף̴һɣһ£ٺҷֵôҵˡ
ѹġ
֪Ļ
ˣ˵˵ɣģΪһЩԷ۸ѽ
ţ֪ˡ
С˺һҲò˿ȥȲ˼ˣվףʦٹɡ
š
ף̴ӦһվǵĶתǶȣȻͣˡ
װŮЦӯӯվǰСȰλǸʲôcp
ѣŮ˭ʶû
ۣһŮǿˡ
Ҹոȥһ£弯CEO⣬׵ŮǿˣԵܲã͹һġ
ۣСʶ˶ǰܣ̫ˡ
ǵȻףҵС㣬Ϊ㿪Цء
ף̴ϵû⣬òͷȴظһ飬㣬Ůѣѡ
ѼԷǿֺǺϲԼӣæͷ۹۱Ǳǹ뵱͸ˣû뵽ֱԼŮѵˡ
ٶ̧ͷòкŽУá
ʶԷ
ͷβӯǳǳЦ⣬ܣĽĿ𣿲Ҽȥɣ
װźˡ
ף̴Σ㣬ֱѾȥˡ
Ҳû뵽ˡ
洽ѽǲǴǹˣǲ˼ҽǳ̸ģҪҪ
ףףŮϻ۷ǳǽİѼ̷κζŮҪȥʲôȦȻãﻹżһЩҪ߼ˡ
Ļ˿һﴮĶȥȥȥ֡
һֱ֪ףиĴŮûֻһЩ￴ݣѾΪˡ
СôÿôȻСѾŮˣôҿԣ
СǺңҲ⣬᲻ᵱڱʾϲѰ
¥С˵ˣ
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ϹףҲϲѵĴԾûͣп϶Ҫ
ףһһֶû˵ǾͰϷˣҸоǻһֱһСȲӼڲˡ
ǣźͨ˵Ĳôǻһֻ˵̫ˡ
ȻǺͬˣĿ鵱ȻҲĺĻЩҼ̳ˣƽ¶棬ں漫ˣʾԸߣ˵ֻᱬ
ף̴ɨһۣȻ֪Ķʲô⣬ҡͷܾˣҾȲȥˣͷͽ˵ģȥɣҺСѲˡ
ҺСѣеĻȡ
ͷ߰ɣȥˡ
š
ף̴ѵ֣һ뿪ȥ¥̳
˵Ц˽̸ţˣȥͦòģòҲû취
٣ãԼɺ˵ҪŮ£Լҽܲ쵽ȥ
.
ѳ⣬Щţ˼˵ˣָֻյĻãף̴ȵָ˻ΣȥЬȥЬӣûЬء
ţá
СɰǣסԷ֣˲Ծʮָۡ
˴СһѶȥߵĽŶˡ
ǮҲףʦģףʦŸǮԹԿףʦˢȻĲֶȥˡ
ֻһЩϲǰϣĶõַǰæ͹ȥ
˶Ÿ߸Ь˰죬ĺܣҲù䣬Сֻȥһȵģϻرĳ
һ֭ףʦһȡ
ٺ٣Сÿֻһȵġ
ΪʲôֻһѽѲŶ
Ǳף̴ȸյͷһ֭Ѿ۾չҲȣףʦҪȡ
֭͵ǰף̴ΣȾˣûвȡ
Ŷ
Ѵȥȣ˼ĻȻܣʦŬǣ־ǡ
ʦ/
˻صʱ˻ûлɳϣʼһЩʳġ
ĿôˣֻһȻԣöµһˡ
αӦòʲôҲɾ͵ųԣֵһ£ѹͲˡ
ף̴ȿŮϣڸ绰
һͨ绰ǴģԷˡ
ͼ˵Ϊһ壬̸깤𣿡
ţҽˡ
ãҲע塣
˵Ҷϵ绰ֿʼ绰
ÿ˶Գƺͷעβм˵˼仰ֻд绰ʺһ
һ죬ĸĹϵżͨʱҲụ˵䣬ʶԷľôҲĸʮӣףʦȻÿͨ绰ڶڽ
𾪡
ôˣʲô
˵绰Ժף̴ȴСԴʡ
ӣףʦŸ̸ڽĿӦò̫ãҡҡͷһ㼦ᣬϸòã
ţС

ףʦԳ𣿡
Сȥ۰Ͱʡ
ף̴Ȳ³ӦǺܰģ˵ͷţһ㡣
ٺ٣ǺѽҲ
ֿһӣܿҲˣݷɺͳ¾˵Ĳ¥Ƚ顣
ԼᾹȻѡͬһطɴһˣǺСʱĲԼѺ͹˶
˶ƽʱæڹѵóһΣʹԼȥ԰ǶǴˣǶ԰ܺ棬ûȥĵ࣬Żġ
һȺ˵ϲǵķˡ
ĲҲ࣬ȻӦ
Ƚϵ΢һ㣬ͬΪαҪãߣǽԼᶼȥˣ
һֻţһ𿴵ӣͺܲǸ߸𣬻Һףʦȥ̳ѽ˺öණ
ۣǹȥѽôû뵽ֶ֣ð
Ƚϲ֣ϾۣԸֵģܾÿ﷦ζǿмα뷨ȥˡ
ͦõģߵеۡ
ףʦ綼ʲôˣҿ
Ƚ档
·λи߸Ь
·Ь̳Ǳ߻û͵ֻˡ
˳Ӿİװ﷭˿
ףʦеоϸƯ
׺һƬƬϸСҶӣŮѩ׵䣬ȷʵԵϸƯ
ۣȷʵÿǻ˽ָ
ţõġ
ŶԽѽ
ֻ䣬ȽҪˡ
˿ڵĻ飬飡
Ҳвַ˿ʾԲ˵δcpˮ˵ǲܽġ
cpŶ˵ʲôҲ
Խ䣬ԽÿҺףʦһһֻġ
ѡָʱ뵽¶ʲô£֮ģҲ¶Խ䣬ٺʵҲˣֻ»ûüѡ
Ŷһһֻڲ𣬴ϸҿ¡
ѽ
ʱ˵ģףʦͲᣬףʦ˸ָ˦ˣʯиĺƯء
ףʦҸϺòá
Ťͷʡ
ף̴ȵͺˡ
ǽָָ
и˴ָôһʵģ
һ㶼֣أ

ף̴
ڷʼŪƣֻҪ漰Ҫ⣬ף̴ȾͻܾΪ֪ףҸͬ⡿
cpȻ˻ȥ⻹е㷲˵˰ɣ
ȷʵҪ̫ˡ
ȻŮѾܾҲеΪԼĶĲǶԷˣСĵȥŮӣżίô˵𣿡
ƳܣΧѸٰĿǡ
ȽҲˣƢɾˡ
ֻСȥѣʾ塣
ҲίأоԼҲûɶθ˿ôˣҪϵģ˼ҳῴİ
С졣
ëۼˣȥ̴㳳ܡ
ף̴ȻΧܶҪϷɫ䵭ĻһȦȺ˾㬵İջȥˡ
СίҲһ˭ͽָ˶˵һģһҲûУ
ˣ
ǣ˼е㲻Ծ
ѣ
½ָҪʲô⣿
Сֲ飬ֻ͸ָ
˿Ȼcpͬ콵أȤСѾ뵽ô̼
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ͽָͺƷԢⲻͬôϣ
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ܰɡֻһ򵥵Ʒ
Ȼף̴̧̧ѩ׵°ֱͣ׳Ӧ
Ļ˲ը˹cpΪĶվˣ
ո˭˵СȲСѶģ˼ϲʽУ
ҸоСûһöָͰСȶ˼СȺ˼СȺðСѣˣྷˡ


53 
ףʦҪ,ĬĬѽָ˻ȥһȥٸŪ
˿
УŪ
ΪʲôҪȥŪ,ǿ˵
Ҫ,Ҫ顿
Ҳû˵,Ȼû˼
Са,û뵽Сô
ô˳С,СҪܾ𣿡
ᣡҵcpҪһһ𣡡
ף̴Щ⣬΢΢,ǴӦ
Ƚһ,ոջΪҪžͷ泳ˣû඼Ƚǡ
ȥˣףʦһȥ𣿡
ףʦ,ÿʱ,ҲϲԱ,ܿɰġ
š
һ,ԷȻ,ԹԸ
ѳᴹ,ȥǣ֡
ϴˣԷҲţӲǴһЩȥϴ
ϴϸ,ϴĺ,Ѷϴ,ϴһ
ֻŴһ,ҶӶһƬһƬϴġ
½¥,Ҳ˳,Ǹո͵Ѻף̴ȵֱطһЩ˿ʼ͵ˣԸϽɻ
˭Ҳ붥һ͵Ĵѣܶĺ
һˣٶȾͿˣܿܳϷˣʢʱ͵͵Լʢһ룬ʱûڿȻҪˡ
ȷʵæĹûйעֻ𿴼ˣһ߶ģ۹۱Ǳǹģ͵û
Լҽ֪ģܿף˾˴˵ʱټ
һѩ׵׷Ůң˶֪ΪʲôԼߣȻԼԼѵߡ
Լ˵һ䣬ˡ
һ£ƺû뵽Լ˵Ӧҡͷ಻࣬㣬Ե㡣
š
ﱻһ鳴ף̴ɨһۣԷʲôء
Ӵ˭׾ôѽ
ѽѽˣСռǿ
ľף̴ֻǺͱ˵仰ͲˣôǿԺ֡
ˣֿʼСҪˣߣǶ֣Ҽұء
벻Ҫϧǰɡ
Ŷ
ѱףʦѵһ£ʵͷףʦԼеĲˡ
ף̴һֱ֪ԼռǿϲŮѺͱ˵̫໰
ҺãСҲռ̫ǿģǲǣ
ף̴ţָһӲˣЩˮԵ㡣
̴㼵ʵۺ죬ҶûСͱ˵
ʲôõĶֻСˡ
ųųСģ
ëcp۶۸ǼҿС
̴㲻ˣ֮ǰ̴һֱԼֻݵλƥС֣һ·º׳Ȼһ·
Ѿ˵ˣȻۡ
극󣬼¥˻죬ֵܿдŵʱ򣬷׷׻طдš
Ŀ¼ƵڣһԼǵĶдҲԥˣһʼǱŮϻ͵͵죬һÿص㣬ĸкøУڴҶѾԼѡˡ
ϸĽԼףʦһĸдβһ䣬쿪ġֻһԲԲЦ
׼¥Ͷˡ
տſմӶĳһš
˿
ãصµСе㲻ϰߡ
¥ʲôòϰߵģСѲһֱСѿרһСĶǶԼҹɢҥԣ
ëǶԴŲɣԼ϶ǺܺõˣõĶǱ˺˵ģ
ŸףʦϢԼһȥţõظ˲ٴδųȥ
ѾˣǾͺãȣ˳ǹ
ûоͺá
¥ף̴¥ݿڵ˱̧̧Ȼ֡
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ѣǷֿʮӡ
ʮӲﰡ
Сĺܰġ
ף̴ǣߣС΢죬е㲻˼Ҳû˵ʲôȻŮףԸġ
˵ʱͶŻ
һ㶣ű㻺ЦˣкСѣףʦ
ף̴*ɫ΢䣬ʵڲϲϻ΢˵ͷ
ҲǣеεĴ˸к
û˵ġ
յ˵ѸŮѾͿٵˡ
˻ࡰӡԷͶԼһȥ
·ף̴ȴ˴ˣոһֱңҰŸˣ
С±ƣҡͷûѽ뿴㡣
ԭ뿴ҡ
СЩõ۾ȥ㷿
š
ѴӦһǣŮѵһ˷䡣
ϵҲûʲôºоͷڣɵʲô㣬ɴͱڴֻ
ף̴۲תĴ̣ȴƺʲô
ʲô
ŮһֻϣûкԼ˵ЩŶԷʵ
ţ
ãȻ̧ͷȻֻҳŮѿѽץ졣
ף̴ȣ
ɵϷСӲŻġ
ûŮ˵ʮǫѯʣôץ
ŮѽһĶԵ˾ͳɹˣԡ
ֻݸŮѣף̴ûӣ˼ΣȻ΢΢üûˡ
ֽ˦ֻ߲˦

ԽϷɡ
Сһɡ
СѰ棬ǿһ档
û£ûԵǿһ¡
ֶҪ˦ˣû˦һ߲ˣɴ࿴档
š
ף̴˻Ӧһ
ֻڲĲŹ棬ûˣŤͷͶȥף̴ĿתĿŹϵĶ룬ȴ⧲һ
ɫЩȻ±ơ
Сѣ
˿໡
ߺߺ
СҲˣӦ裬ԺҪúõģٳˡ
ǽǳء
ѽѽСǱСȶһ£ﲻ˾ͺ˵ͺˣҪһͳܡ
죬ȵĺģһףʦ
ף̴ȣ
ЩΣȻȴԾĹǳǳЦ⡣
ʮֳ硣
һĻףͲЩᡣ
ʮ˴ûԼ¶顣
Сﵽʲô˼Ŷʮ갡뿪ѧûдۣƫƫСȾϲ
Ҳ°ˣӿֱ俴ץ졣
ǸϲСϷģĲôãһЩڼˡ
ץ죣
ѽף̴ץ죣
᲻ץ죣
ѡ
ͬСļ٣ˮ࣬ѻѰѣӪϴ
ףԴýȦͻһȦ΢պֵ뿴ûõг̣ȴ뿴ѣ滹Сȣ˳ͽȥһۡ
Ľ˲ϲд˵Сȿ϶ϲѵģֻѣСȴСҽϿôˡ
ڵ˵ԽԽˡ
绰һԼۣһ¡
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ףͼһߴһ߿ദ
˵ĹϵƺСģСе̫ԷĻˡ
ǰڼʱɴûôԼ߰Ļ
ףᡣ
һߣܿ쵽ȡŵʱ䣬ץʧһΣѳ̾һ°͸˲ʹ䰡䣬Īίץˣȥţҿףʦдʲô
ף̴ȵһμΪСϷʧܶίģǾ档
һһ顣
ףʦá
С/
ף̴Ĺ⻬ֱ
ǰѸȡֱóʱѲȻЩ顣
ԭš
ɱģΪʲôҪQAQ
ǡ
ף̴ȿʱЦһ
Сֺõȥףʦֱۡ
ף̴ȿ첽뿪Ҳϡ
ΪףʦָҪȥԼķ䣬ȻأûԷ¥ȥȴ䡣
ĬĬһûк
ףѾˡ
ƽʱæżܳտһֱҲǵһοСһģ
ΪԼϻˣŬԴֻĻǰ죬СʲôʱҲôˣ
ȻԼķ䣬ѻ±ſڣź棬һŽȥҲŽȥ
Ȼ˳һţѸpd棬Һ˼ֵһ£ȥˡ
ǲһҪܰɣ
ҽ
Сȡ
ף̴ȴƳһţ˼дġ
Ŷ
Ļ໹ף̴ȷ˿Լίְһ١
С˵СҲûзŹ
ö̫ˣôϲף̴ίСͷٴ䵽Դϡ
ëȺ·ˡޱˣԣϲ˼ǵһۿͰĲ԰Σף̴ȻϲҲ֮У˶Ҽ
ף̴ȵűСԱߣѴ򿪵ĵһžյġ
ݲҲͬд˲٣ٶǸ˲ܳԽӴҲԣԼľۣϲݵϷѯܷһȥвɹԡ
ף̴Ħָ⣬ǹǳЦݣСѣ˼ȥأȥȥѽ
˶ܿĳף̴ЩԴˡ
ףû𾢶õĵԶӵһߡ
ҡͷҪҡӰˡ
˫ҲڶţȥȥҲȥҪСȣûȥء
йڽĿ顣
ҲץʱյϢûü˵

ʧ䣬ףʦһ󣬾һֱһȻҪֿﵱȻ᲻üˡ
ף̴ȴûᣬǽ׷ʣ첻ڣҪȥ𣿡
ٶҡͷҲͻأȥ첻ڣæ㣬йȥ
СüûֿѾ˼ˣ°͸żϣ֡
ף̴һ㣬ƭˣ
ƭʲôܸϻ𣿡
յԼֻ컹ܼܲŮѣˮ۰Ͱ͵ġ
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ţһ£ףʦ
˵
ף̴һ£˼ͷ˵Ƕһ룬Ҳ㹻˿˵ġ
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ˣ
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⻹ࡣ
ף̴ˣִȥ£һ㡣
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ֱرգpd˳䣬ף̴ȴʼûҪ뿪˼
˵ûȥˣҪϴ裬ϴѣŮŮˣôܲӦȥϴ˳һ·Ե˯´
ǡ·ҴΣ𣿡
ţԡ
˵ֱ꣬ԡҡ
ѸоĲԣûף·˶Էڴͷֿʼץ졣
ֱŵĺСѡ
/.
æӦСȡ
һţԷЩʧ棬·͸ˮһ㣬·ûýһ¡
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ԷûҪڵ˼Ƶĵƹй¶ѩӡ
ֻ俴һۣ𾪵һ̧ͷԸٵͷһ¡
һҪס۾
ףʦ˶Է
̫ḡһ˿϶ǲϲģ
СأԿ϶š
ף̴Ƚӹѣı
òȥˣʣֻһ𣿡
ŶŶУҲһ㡣
µڿйˮûģȥףʦһ
ף̴Ѿ֪Ѳ࿴ˣһһۣȻԡҵš
߲һֱŵȴԼĪ˵ѣ
ףʦôˡ
˴ף̴ȴ˿ɫtβ¶һ˫ѩױֱĳȣһˮԡ
С˼Ķԡſڣһ˳ȥеίſߣףʦղŵˡ
ף̴ӦһѸѽûʲô
ûʲô̫ˡ
ˡ
ף̴̾˿СҪĶеòģûʲôҪģⱲӵˡ
ûСѻҪˡ
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ף̴룬ŮѽǰȴÿÿصĲˣһء
֪ˡ
ô䵭
ѹ˹ӣһڶȻףʦ죬ˣ
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Ůѵͣʳ˺ɷ羰Ļףʦڻȥطɡ
ף̴ȸЩܵչ壬ѵıţȴ仰۾˲УЩá
ôŸߣ
ƺãѱؿϣһ±ƣûۣûҪ̫߰ˣ㲻Ͻȥ˯ĻҪˣߣ
ף̴֪ˣС˵ͲܲҴţԼ򣬵õȴȥ
ˣѱסצӣתӣסӣƽ֪ͨҽҪ˯⡣


54 
û뵽Ҫ˯Լ,һ£СǳǳĺΣ˳۽һһ,,Ҫ˯
ظһ顣
ף̴ƽͷ
ŤŤ,ûоܾŮ,ֻ˴ڴϹ,Сʣ᲻ýеѽ
ף̴ȣ
Ҿýе죿
̫ˡ
Щ뱧ԹС,ôܽô,ڻֻҪһҲᡣ
һ𡣡
ף̴ƽ޲
Сߣ̸ͣûкܾ,ھ˯һ,̫𣿡
,ȡ
̸Ҫ˯һ,Ҫ׽,Ȼ̸
ߡ
ף̴һ˫۾,ٴʣ˯𣿡
룬پܾ,Ҫˡ
ѽ,ϴһ,ϴһ¾˯,ҪҪϴһ£
ѺӦˡ
,ȥ¥ҵϴƷ
Ŷ,á
СȥˣȻⱧһϴƷһ˯£ף̴ҪҪϡ
Ͼ·Ѿµˡ
ף̴Ȳųѵ·ҡҡͷãҴľͺˡ
Ŷ·ûпӡ
Сϸ⻬׵Ļۡ
ǣȥϴˡ
˼æջߡ
ף̴򴽣΢΢ͷϲСʵȻ־̫ʵǲеġ
Ӧôһ㣬һźá
ϴף̴ȲŽȥﱧűʱе㺦ߣ뵽Ҫףʦ˯Ŷð
ܲ˼
һκͱŮһ˯ء
ԼŮѡ
ף̴ȴԡҳʱѾ޷ҵˡ
۾Сѣ
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С߶߶ףʦ᲻ұ̫˲ѽ
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յЦ¼֣Ϊʲôףʦ첻ǲ𣿡
ѣ
Сɻ󣬡Ҳѽʲô𣿡

ѵֻףʦ𣿡
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׷ʡ
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̸㶼˵ϲˣҺ̫̫á
ԼҲܲˣСȿ϶Ҳġ
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Уֲϲҵķ˿
ˣҪףʦϢˣȥɣһףʦҪˡ
һֱ䶼ҪЦˣ̴ǿ⣬ߣ㻹֪Сȡ
ջڣװû֪һţ˹档
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ӦСȲȥģȻûдӦȥģҲȥ
ף̴ȸ·ɻãյϢʶǳǳĻȣһʱӴëǶģСͷ/ͣС/
һһԱ֣ҹıǴķ˿ռģϲ
ѿˣ̲ס졣
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ף̴˵ʲôֻ£Ѹ˵ıڴϹȦ
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Ѹ˵ļֺףʦ졣
һԷҪæȥˣֻЩʧķ籾¼ѾӽβҲʱһЩµľ籾ˣ֮ǰĴŮ籾ҪݺͱپҪҪݣݣ֮ҲŽһ
˾˲࣬Ըÿ˽ӻͦġ
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Ȧһ󻨾ͱˣÿˢϢǶҪԷ˿Ѫ
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أԳ緹ͷ籾Ŷװ
һʼûװèϿղżװԼˡ
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ҲȺ˵ԼԹˣ˻ûϵ
ֱ콥ˣֻһ⽻СݵѶѶĹУڵֻ
æҽͨףʦ񾲵Сѡ
С죬˵ĲУ
촩һõţȹ˼СӣɢԽԵлף̴ȸմһȹҷأױݾ£վڱţէһȥΪļ·ˡ
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ѳһ۾һأһһء
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ҡͷԱ߱סţССģȥô᲻롣
͵һš
߾СҪ׾͹ףҪڣ
л˵
ΪʲôҵĿּеѳԣô[]


55 
ŤŤ׽,ף̴ֱͦ˼ǡ
һڻ
룬СҲϲΪʲôϺ׽һأ
Ǳ
ף̴Ŵ,ҲȥСһ,,˿ȻҲ塣
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ףʦҪݸ,Ҹˮ,ҴõһŶ
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ף̴ûڱݹ,ҲûЩЦˣ̧Сͷ,Ҳס
һѽһѽ
Ǿˡ
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æȥŪˡ
ף̴ȸ,,µ뷨
жõֱʱ䣿
pdһ±ʵ,æظ,аСʱ
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ԡףǲԡplayɣ
¥ϱۿ˻,С,ģ
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СѣȱŪˣһˮȥһЩ
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ѽһ˫Ư۾ףʦʲôˮѽ
ʲôһ㣬㿴ϲʲô
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һһռһСɳСɳһλãһе㼷ˣǺϲһ
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Сеܵѽ
ְֺ֪ͼĸĺӣСͼ̸ĺӡ

ȻֻСе
ҼҲֿ̫ͥˡ
ڶȥˣСȳСѣСԺԽԽõģ
ܵܵϢҲʾԸſȥһۣԷЩӲͬõĿɿɰֱֻᷢм򵥵һ䣬ڻؼ
ף̴ǣסŮѵ֣ڻؼ𣿡
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ֻǲμӸۣ˾ǸҪƵѾʼ۹·ҳˣαһŬ͵
ݷһһ飬ҲֻŪһ˽սˮ˱Ѿֹһˡ
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ң
ʲôòҵģ
ߡ
С̫Сˡ
ѽ˸飬ʹȴǣһСȥ˵ŪҪȿ㶫ѧϰһ¡
һ߱һ߿ҪҲһ𿴡
ף̴ȣ
Ͳˣһ𿴡
ףʦ˵ֲ̫ȥղþϻŪ˵ġ
ͼΪԼһýڡ
ף̴ȻˣĬĬתú󱳶
¼ƾҽˣҲãһҲϲ
š
ŵĺ󱳲˲䡣
ף̴ȷˣֻסԼסһӣȥҡ
Ļúѧģ´ξͲˡ
С⡣
ף̴ֻһĺ
ڶ죬˿ٴμ˴ͬһЩϰΪ
ֻвַ˿;Ҫɵʲô۾ͣתֱף̴תʱסЩۼʱϻϲصķϲǡ
ףʦԼһ·ˡ
ֺãף̴εһۣҲûܾ
¼ƽԼ˻ȥʱҲԾѵĳԼýȫȫˣֱѺɾĺϲ£졣
ǣҪͬӣ


56 
ڳ,һϰˣͬһѾҲﲻԡ
㣬𡣡
Цӯӯ˴к
㣺
ֻܸЦЦ,,һȥ𣿡
Ͽֿ,Ҳ׷,cpǰ,Ȼô̼
æ˵£ûֱ,ҲͲ֪ʲôʱ̶ֳȡ
Ȼͷ,ⲻʲôҪһ£ȻסףʦֱۣͷֻüϢûء
ף̴̧,΢΢,,ô,𣿡
ŵĻ,ֻ۾̧,дãȻΪʲôԣ
㣺
û˵԰
ҲҲû,ҾǱĵ
ƽʱ,̫ͬױĳˡ
ѻһãȻ,ĵĵѽ,ҺףʦŮ,ûµġ
˵û,ף̴Ҳһӣû˵ʲôˣȦڵ¶Ƚϵ͵±˵Էȶȣ̫ߵעĿвĻ
Ҹ֮ǰĵԼ緹һȥľ籾ǵñٵˡ
ţ֪ˡ
ʲôݣʶ𣿡ף̴һʡ
֮ǰ˵Ǹ籾ĵݣûѡңǹ֮ˡ
ӺףС˵ҾӦǿϲݵġ
ף̴һ뵽˭
ͷľ籾ȷʵݾͲù̸̫࣬ٲ˵ġ
ڻֻǳڣһʱˣᷢ£ŮѵԴǽȶȻ߱ŵõģ±һ壬仰˵ŮѳԸְݹȥ
š
ԼҲ֪Ůڣֱûۿûֱ֪ʲôʱˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôԼȥԵġ
˱ĳͻס³һͨ绰ף̴ȴƳһֽۣ𣬶ý㲻ͷأĿļαˣզû

һ٣ʲôټЩǸΣСѵĳˣǸҡ
һĬףŭһ䣬ԣ
Ȼ߶Ҷϵ绰
ף̴ȱԻЩüֻţѧһ»ͻ˵ҲŲأСֵҶá
һ˫峺۾ȥת˲ý׵Ժ̧ǣסѵ󣬡߰ɣЩ¡
ŶףʦһȥԵʲô𣿡
ڽĿԶܿƣˣٺ٣Զһˡ
ţʲô
ȣȥƤɣòã
á
ף̴ȶԳʲôһûȫȨ
СƤ̣žˣ˲Źȥԡ
ûˮˣ˳ڵ˼ƿȪˮݸף̴ȣʲʣ
ף̴ȽӹˮҡҡͷȴǴ򿪺һڡ
緹ԹˣҲûôµ˳Բ꣬˾ֻһƤ
Ƥ˳ζüˡ
ó𣿡
š
ǰԹ𣿡
СҡԴûгԹʱп˵
ٺ٣ҪϲԵĻԺ󾭳ԡ
ţá
ֻҪһͦ˵ġ
˳ƤһӿȪˮȥǰ˿յȥҲವĺë׶չ˵ĸо
̱ɳϣף̴˳ߣͷ˼Ϣһˡ
ɻ˭أߵȻţһ룬εž˴߽ŴСĶİ¿һ飬˲סҪͻЬ
֪֪ˡ
ףŻЬ߽ȥְѷȫòһ飬Ȼ󵭵еС
Ѵп˽ʱͽŵվȻۣһ¡
ף̴Ҳü͸ССֲס
ùԷĴӣƽϰߵĻױƷƷ
СᣬƷõĲϸֱĨĨͺˣȻСˡ
ߣ˵һôˣõŻôҪͬӣͲסķӣΪʲôҪסģ
ף̴ڵ۶ȻԼķֻǻûôסˣȻҪͬӣѡԼĴӷȥ˼ҵСƽףʵ޷⡣
סģܡ
ף̴ֻӦһ䣬ѾöԷ̬Ⱥϴμʱ̫һЩʴӣŹԹȱ¡
˵ֻǣһ𣬼ֱûۿ
ףƳһۣߣ㣬Ҳù㣬и۵ıӵݹҪҪӣ
ӣҲϲա
ýҪݵ飬Ҳϡ
ףž֪˳ɻᱻܾԷɫãһôҲ룬ȥۣҵŮѣں۵̸𣿡
һʶ࿿˵塣
ף̴һְֻ㸧ŮֱۣȻƽڻҵľˡ
ѾڿǸˣԷý㣬ΥԸҲܲϲ
ףŶʱһҭ˵
𣿡
ԷβƳȥ
ߣʲô£ˣһȥˣ̸ɣ趼˵˵ʲô
Ϊ˵⵽˵ķԣû뷨ֻе㲻ͬ⣬˼ҵ趼νҲ⣬⻹ʲô˵ģ
ˣһ㣬ĬĬţСίýǲǲϲѽ
ϲ벻ϲҪ
ҪģҲ˲ϲҡ
СͰ͡
ף̴ȳ˼һڣҽ㻹ͦϲġ
żСѵ£ϲ
𣿡
ϲң׽㲻ý𣿡
ţ׽㣬лԸ
ѽѽ
СЦеţµƣһɢˡ
ˣСǵһΣᵣĺҲġ
鿴ûУ
뵽£ף̴ȻһתȻʡ
һ룬Сǵÿʲôѧϰһ£ǡ
飬ʿˮһСˣµĳһһȥ飬ǿˡ
Էʲôɫֻ˵һҪճɹ
ڻǰ졣
СŤŤէȻˡ
ף̴ȲΪ⣬ҪӣԾһɣҪǲ˼ѴϺˡ
ϴ󷿼ģоҲࡣ
СƵ޿ˣʵʵȥˣʱ谵
ף̴Ȳüһξڿ𣿡
ŷӦʲôһӶ͸ˡ
һӱʲôӣˡ
ڿұȥ䡣
Ŷ
ף̴ɫмʧ䣬ִܿżζʣҪҽȥ
Ⱳӻû˭أСܱö
ѿ϶ͷףʦģҾ϶ܱ
ף̴ſֱۣţǿɲˤˡ
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š
æӦһСڻԼˤ˶ˤ㡣
һαţʮֽҶƨɱֻСһףʦļһֹ䣬˹
ȻһףʦƮƮģһҲûУ׾ͱˡ
ŵ³ȥ˹ǣЩ⣬*Ҿ֪ܱģףʦǰݺܶأҼֱ㱧
ף̴ǸչЦ˲ȥʣǰ˭
ͦģŮԱұܶ࣬һʱ벻ˣҪʱҲԱ
ף̴ȳ׸˲ˡ
СȻôˣһΪǵһأ
ɢѵͷʱŷֵģһЩãȻ޴룬ָ⣬ϸķҵĴϣСʣô
ףʦһֱߵǣû𣿡
ССͰ͡
ף̴βбһ£ûСԵ֮ǰȰ²
û£ôģ
ף̴ȿڴͷŴӦҲ˯ζ
һֺܸɾ˰ĵζ
š
ǡ
Ѳ˼˵򴽴ֻжŮѣʲôġ
ȹСߣţµͷһ㺦£ףʦѾˣӡ
˻Լ³
Դ޳ָһ£ԷŰ£ûµģûŪãҲġ
ɤӦһָȥԷ˿ӵıԵҪʲôף̴ȺȻһϣȻ󣬿ӱС¡
Сﺦ߲ҿȥס壬ָȴ滮

ףʦ𣿡
峺׵谵ڷ·Ҳһ㡣
ף̴룬˵ܣСǻջȥǿɲУҡͲܣֻǵһαܵĵطЩ˼ˡ
ûУ㰴ѧǡ
˵꣬Ҳƫͷȥ
Ŷ
ջָͷ΢ʪ⣬ܿ죬ָȥOO@@һһ㣬ҵС˵Ǹ۵ĵطӱЩӲѧűдģȥˡ
һ֮дβ׵ӿµףʦۿˣǳǳһ㱡
̧ͷȥˣ۵ĴĴߡ
ͲָרһĶס
Ӷͷ°ͣĶױˡ
һҲŪ.ˮĿʼֺˡ
ֻǽһָڣͱ˱סһʼЩңʶʹģҲϰ˶Է顭
ף̴ҧŴͣȴǻ̲סйֽĴ.Ϣ˫ˮŨأ۽Ҳ޷ʱֱֱ侧Өˮ飬ûڷ䣬Ҳ
ץסĽֺɿ˰ֳڴϣΨؿھ
ѴӴͷһֽʪġ
ɾȥ§˫ʧףʦСֵô
ǵһΣԼֵĲá
ף̴ſˣ̽ſڣԼɤӶЩˡ
ȿȣͦõģѧĺܺá
о
ԭϲôһʶСġ
ȥˮϴϴѽףʦ
ţϴһ°ɡ
ϻãֻǸطеʪģϰҲ
ƨƨ߾ȥԡϴˮȥˣԡңףʦĵطŸ˦󣬺ᡣ
Ǻϲףʦģ۵ģܣУ΢һʪģϲ
ף̴Ȼڷͼƽֲϡ
ѿĵط´ʱȶЩ
ǵһΣ̫Щ
ȹסѩ׵ӡ
ѷźϴˮ˲ų˽ȥ
ף̴΢΢ͷȥûʲô⣬ֻ֪ȹյġ
ףʦʲôҲûд
ͺô̼
Ѳٺ˼룬Ͷԡױкף̴ȹ
ԹˮˣոպŶ
ף̴ȵͷȴߣҪֿϴˣ鷳
¶ˣǵĹϵϸøһ
Ŷ֪ˣȥһ˯£Ҫҵ˯𣿡
ţ
С˯½ܶá
պա
˯»ȵˮУһͶһԴ
ףʦĿţҰϴ
ﻹѯʣȴѾˣһĦӦѾ»ƨˡ
Ľ䣬ҲȾǳǳı졣
ֻһͷֱֻȲȥԭŪʪ.ĵطϴ
ѾƽϢȥʱƲסף̴ٿƺ߳ǹ㣬ҧŴת壬ѻ
ѰһƣܱȽԼţȻףʦƨɣСҪϴɾġ
ף̴ȣ
ҪϴϴҪ˵
ָһĨΣ͵͵һˮ棬ɵȱϴʱϾûˣ˵ˮ棬ֻ˱ţһֻԼƨɣҪסˡ
ÿ춼ϴ裬ûж࣬һ御ϴȥѱŻ۵ˮ
ף̴ŮѵĲӣ˱棬ȡһԡһͰ˷ŵĴȥˡ
һûعֱ־Ŵһڣ̧ˮӣʪɢסЩ۵ӣˡ
۾ףʦ۵ףȻףס
úף
ԽԽϲ׵˾ûôϲˣɫΣû׹һˡ
һһվס
Щľˡ
ףʦôײ
ǡ
ף̴˵һ˫۾Щ˵
ֻܰû˵Ļʻȥƫͷֻ糺Ĳ
ڴһӱĹˡ
ûʲôˣ˻˶ҪˣŴֻʱĵ绰ȴˡ
ף̴ĲŮ΢΢ӲŤͷȥôˣ˭ĵ绰
ҡԴû£Ұִ绰ˡ
һ㣬мûͰְִ绰ˡ
ι֡
ţ¼ˣڼء
ף̴ȴս·ԷǽԼǵ
һ߷ţһȻˣԼʲôóԵģֲɾ
ԷԼͬף̴ȣ
ʣŮҲ𣿡
ţԣҺŮһ𡣡
ףʦ棬һֱսĬĬְֵ
ܵ˵ҪŮѻ𣿡
ţǱҲȥ
ŮӦôҸʰһ䷿ܵÿ߶ʲôʱܻأϲҲܹһˡ
ϰְ߶߶˵˺ܶ࣬ѾͰţͨ绰ָҲ˵绰˵ԼڻŮѻȥ¡
ȻϹģ֪ԷݣΪŵһ䣬˼ּͥĺ̸𣿡
ף̴βסģ׽㣬ĵģˣһͷ㡣
ԷƺԥһŴӦãķʱ˯ж飬ԡ
ȻţҵʱסƵС


57 
˵绰,̫ߣתȥţŤŤȥ
ף̴Ҳ鲻,ָԴ,ࡣ
ĸ˵Ļ,ء
尢̡ƽʱ㲻ã
ҡͷ,ûѽ,УףʦǶõġ
Ͳִϣĸжˡ
Ȳ˭Ҳν
һҲĺܺá
ֻǱȽȱ
ףʦϲ
ף̴ȴ,Щ,ѾǶõˡ
ţֻҪ㲻ģĶ⣬Ժһõġ
ҲŲỨ,ֻϲףʦһ
ף̴ûд·,ϵԡɢ,ظְĹҵ,ûס,Сȥ,Ȼһڡ
ף̴ȣ
ˣôСһ
뵽СԼ֪ĵط˺ܶί,Щ,̽ƿ
,һ¶,¶,ôˣ
ʹ˲,ţˣš
ף̴ȴӦһţڡ
Ҿͽн㡣
һ˵һ߿ʼǱԼݺ˵ظ
ף̴͵ҧҧС˵ԼĶĻȴͬ
ϸָŮѱͷھ龭ˣ
֮ǰĻ⣬Ȼֱ˵˰֣һҪº˵ģ
ȥˣͰ͵̧ͷףʦҲûоǲǲˣ
ĻĹӦùȥˣƫƫԷٴ뵽ǰ˵ʱףʦɫѲ²Էˡ
СʱЩ
Ư۾˲
Էɨһۣû˵Լ׸߲ˣֻζһ䣬Ժˣ⡣
СԱʱ˹ܣȰԼˣӰŮѵĹ˹⣡
Сұһԣ
ף̴۵¶Щ׹⣬һ¾ͰѵСˣСͷˣԺֻףʦһˡ
ߣǻ࣬СѲѧôġ
ѵĺ󱳣
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ף̴ȱ˱Сͨ죬Ӧһû湻𣿡
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һ˵һͳֽ΢ĸǿŷžӨˮӣҲ˲
ף̴ɫֲˣüʣ˭ֻһߵģ
һ飬һûκθое㲻ϲҪһҲ׽һףŪһŪ
ѱ˵ˣһʵͷŶŶˡ
չȥһӣҲףĥţʱʱɨ棬µ΢΢Ӳ쵽С
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ţУʲôҾͳʲô
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ŶǳߺòãҳԷѵģԾġ
š
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Ҳ̫࣬һԲ˷ˡ
û£ԲҳԣҽԵٳԵ㡣
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߻Ⱥģ˺ܶˡ
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ѳԼĻżҪŵģ߰ԼĲųԡ
ҳԲôࡣ
ȳϲĳԣʣµҳԾͺˡ
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ף̴εͷͷȳѸеĲˣȻƳԷۣ;һͨĵ绰
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ôˡ
ףʦ۵һͨҲĹĹĵġ
ЩŮѻ㿴Ԥ棬һֱںͱ˵
̧ۣŷֵڲšĶ㡷﷢¡
Ҫ𣿡
ûϢء
ף̴Ƶģţ춼ˡ
ĶԤ棣
߸߹£ǰ۾Ȼǻҹcp
ҵСѴҲûһ
ֻеһĵıȽ϶ѡ
ӵڶеŶģ
ռǿһ˵Цĳǲˬˡ
ѻһˣǻͺԣ˭˭˭˭йøУ϶š
ʱʱó䷹ˡ
ھ
Ѻ䤱ˡ
ֻǵһڣͺˣѽףʦҪ֪һϲ㣬ҿ϶ӽͲͱ˵ˣһֱ㡣
ף̴ȵһۣװͰ͵ģ£û
ֻǼȻ̨ˣԤԽԽѻ
һݵĵӾ硣
ѿŮֺһ˰һӣȻһһιԡ
ⲿϷ𣿡
˺Ȼʡ
һ̧ͷŷ֣ԷľȻһݵż磬С졷ʱŸնʮһ꣬ʺഺУ԰żʱ
ҡҡͷûϷǻûأҲϷ
ף̴ȷˡ
Ǿͺá
ʮһСڱûʲô仯ഺлϢ
ѴսţߣС˵ףʦǸӫĻǻڡ
ף̴ȣ
ͷԱǺϲϷûĹ
СʵҡͷûУұȽϳĶϷְԧģޣûа
ף̴ȣ
Ǽ񵽱ˡ
ף̴ȴȥСͣܺã֡
Ǳˣ˫ȻһٺЦ
һûйʱϢǳסһ𣬼ʹף̴˯ȻҲܡ
žŵ㣬ҹոտʼʱ򣬵Ӿ绹ûأɳϵףʦѾСźһشˡ
һε£һ߼֣ŵ̫ˣô˯ģ㻹ǲˣ
Сͷһ·һֹҲҪ˯˯Ƥã˸Ҫעˡ
ףʦ̧֡
ף̴ʶȵһŷӦ
С˯ˣ
ڿ㣬ոոOO@@ſϸڰڿأ
Ҳûע⣬˼̧ƨ̧ƨɣ̧־̧֡
ף̴һ˯·𣿡
ǰ޹ϲŲ·ףʦ˯
ǺɫĻƫƫ鴿漫ˡ
ˣ㣬̫ˣ˯š
ŵ㣡ʱŵ㶼һܳȴҪŵӱϴ˯˻
գգ޹û˵˯ѽףʦͶӰǣûùأȻ򿪣ڴϿҵĵӣȻҪҸʲôòã
ף̴ЩûӦʲôвҪʲô
ʲô
ͶӰǱϣǽڵӳСÿɰҪҪʲô±΢ָⴥ˴Ȼ
СЩε̫ˣǲûŪѽףʦ㲻üװҶ֪ģһһҸոոһ£Ūһκο϶ġ
ף̴ȣ
ʲôø̵ģ
ֱ˵ŪһΣѵһܲŪ
ָһ䣬򴽣̧ۣСѻڴμ٣ͬѧĺ׽ŪһȭͰͬѧ۾ˣЦĻôʡ
ɰ
ҲһСѣҲôãôá

ֱĴ̼ȫף̴ȱڻһ̯ˮˣ˫ҲЩʧ񣬷ű
Сʣףʦο𣿡
ףʦ
ϻδɢȥСڶߴߴߴߴһҲ˵
ף̴ȶ˶ͣһһԹܣŨˮգȥұҲû˵㲻УԼ˵ġ
㶼С˵ôûкӡ
Сա
ף̴ŭС˵˵Ȼһ
˰߻Ϊһ̸ġ
Ŷ𣿡
ǲõ𰸲ݣ׷ţף̴ȱȣޱӦһ
Է߸Цеһȥ
ʱʮѷϴˮҲֱȥϴ衣
Ҫף̴߲ˡ
ϴصϣ滥ӵţ̾˯ˣͽʷǰôɵף̴۾˯š


58 
ڶ,һй̶ʱյĿŴͷ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪Ǽ˯ģڻû
С̰˯,ϲ˯,ʱû˽,ǳȥ,Ȼ˳ͻ
һؼŻû,ͷ˯İʱ䶼Ѿ˵,緹һҪһ,緹ôУ
ѷսţСУС,𴲳緹ˡ
ף̴˯,˴˾ĬĬñӸǹԴ

ǲС
ƱҪŵϢϢ
Сȡ
ô,Ťȥ,˰۵С׵졣
ף̴Ȼл˯ио,۾һ,ͿһֻճС׸ͣ
鶼סˡ
޷ܾ˵ǣȴʵòУһҡͷһͼ˯ȥ
ɶԷҲ,Ҫ˵
ףʦ,С,š緹,˰,ɳڶ,ڶڶУһ
СȺһ䣬ԣҺ
緹岻ã˯òã
ִȥ࣡
ôԼĻ˯Ű
ף̴ټҲһЩίñӸסҺ
ţ緹˯һ
һ˵һ߸˱ˣӵƯѩ׵塣
ף̴ֻһᣬСᱧ
޳ѩ׵ֱ۲ԾŮѵĲӣԴؿģˣҪˣ͡
У緹ġ
󱻺ԥˣף̴Щ۾Դһ£СҲԷҲܡ
ţܣֻҪףʦйص£ҶҪܡ
ף̴ۣ*򴽰꣬ҲĹҵģ˱ԡȥϴ
ڣûˡ
㡣
ϴѾһģίΪʲôѽ緹θܲõģףʦһ㡣
СͰ͡
ף̴˵ŲʵԷҲܾ
ֻɫ䵭
ϴ֮ȥŮѵ˯£ߵȥоԼܾûôˣòУֵһۡ
ûоһ㣬ױƵԼͣصĺģҪĸ
ġ
ŶףʦԶɳҪҪȣҪ𣿡
ţġ
ŶãȳԣԲ궼ҳԡ
ף̴̧ɨŮһۣʣˣ
Ůҡͷûѽټ

Ҳͦõġ
ף̴ȵͷʾͬ
һͣɳϿ籾֮ǰǸŮ߾籾ԽԽϲûͶԷݼأѾҪˡ
绰Լ˼ʱ䣬ʱѻ·׼ţף̴Ȼ֪ҪʲôҲȥ
ŶãҪ֮ǰ̳·𣿡
š
Ŷȥҵ㡣
ѽ촩һȹ׳߸β
ȥƯˡ
ԼŮѣԽԽϲ
ף̴Ȼ·һ߰Ŀ˻߹ȥŮ֡
߰ɡ
š
һ¥
¥һպýϡ
ġ
ףʦϵȫѽҰϵһ°ɣٺ١
ȥסȫǰһһϡ
䵽˰װţ˶һ
ĬĬ죬һһʱ䰲ţûµûµģҲˣ
ף̴ȣ
ûҪ
һƫͷŮѣЩΣ㡣
СҺѽ
ôС
ŶǳȵǶҸһȵģȻ͵͵Һһòã
һ߿һߺ˴
ף̴üЩ⣬Ⱦ͵һ£Ҫҵġ
ΪõһڣģͬһϣĴ𰸣û뵽Էһһգ˵ȴǣΪ㲻ҺѽҺϣ˵̫ˡ
СίͰ͡
ף̴ȣ
֪Сôۡ
ߡ
ֻӦһͲˡ
֣ĸ衣
ף̴һοȥС۾ЩõĸŰڶϲ׸衣
֮䣬ף̴ֱˡ
ƢĿ죬ȥҲ졣
ι㣬ҿ쵽ˣҸףʦڳأӾ͵
ԷףʦҲ
ţҲڼҵĻһ˾̫ˣȻҪһ
ţٶˡ
һЩˣѵ۾ۿɼˣЦƯüۣ죬ѽѽ㼸ˣףʦܳԺܶġ
ʵܳԺܶףʦ
ֱĺɣ
ѣˣ㲻ԡ
ѲƾʲôҲԣףʦԳԣ
㣬㲻ԣҪ˻ԣզôܳ㡣
ֹûеõԷȨѵһ١
СβͣһҲһġ
ף̴ü̫ˡ
ԾͲԣʲô
ѵͷѹȽҴȥĵطԣԶٳԶ١
ֻЧãѾú˵ˣڵ绰ͷ˸߰˰ˣֲ˵ף̴ʲô
˼ҵҲᣬֲˣܵҲܲ˵ͷϡ
ͺ
֮ǰ֣ҪǸһˡ
ܲף̴ȣֻвԼˡ
ţ֪֪ˡ
Ҷϵ绰¶Ц⣬ףʦҺãףʦһڿ㡫
ϲףʱʱҪţԼҶҲҪб
ף̴ѩ׵ָ÷֣ЩΣúÿȵףǾͿ쵽𣿡
Ŷ
Ӧһ
ʵ
ȻףʦףҲףʦ׾Ͳˡ
ȳͣ£Ž˰ȫףʦס
ף̴Ҳֻǳ޲˲ű΢΢̧ͷʼ̲סĻӦ
Сѡ
ڳǵĿں춼ˣòóСӲױ
ױ³ȥ͵ݳԷ
Ĳֻǵݣⲿı磬Ƭȣ¡ؼˡ
ǱһۿеľѣֻǮͷ˶ѣڽǮ谭ûˣȻõƷ
ֻҪԸǩͬѾдͶ̱ʾʱͶʵġ
רºѽһϸڣһȽѪһжĵӾ磬ŮܺãͲΣһǿĶˣ߻Ȳ꣬Ȳ꣬˵ϣ
߹һȫԣ˶ƭһڵᣬۣΪעҪģŮֶĲˡ
ľֻŮһ˵Ǹ߹٣϶ҲŮԱһλġ
ŮҲǶߣȻˡ
ǵС¼ۺǷǷۣļƴԣˮǴߣȻûкܸߵĴԣҲǿһˡ
ǾͲʮԱˣһң϶ԱԸġ
ѾѺһϵеĹˣ˫ԶԷ⣬û˼̫ãѾǩºͬӦݡ
ף̴Ⱥһģ̬Ⱦ͸ˣȷʵǿ˹˲ѡѵġ
ȦˣҪУף̴Զ׼ܺһû㳴cpһҪôѱıԤϣҪôף̴ϲһ֣ԼѡʱһȦ¶ֺ̫á
˹ȶȴ΢ˣcp۸Ѿռcpһϣ;ٰ֪һͶʣŤͷǩ
ϷݵıȽڶǸҪãҲᣬŮһ㡣
ǩԼԽԽ⣬ʵ̫Լˡ
ϾܾʱһѲͬǩԼˣ˵ˮһա
ǩ˺ͬǱ߻֪ͨʲôʱģϷҪ¼ƣʱûϷֻ˴ˡ
ظʱԼ˺Ůܵһ𣬺ûסȥһ䣬ٳһ㣬ҶŮ͵͵ιˣȥˣ֪𣿡
һ㿴Ųæ˺ߣԼܸ߶֪֪ˣҲȣȥɡ
εĵһۣף̴ȵǺƢ˵ͷ
һʼͿеĽ
ף̴ȼСЩˣƫͷӦ
Ҳ⡣
ݵ̬䵭ġ
ѷ϶ûڶף̴֪ƽʱˣеĳȴܳԣһ۵
߰ɣȥԵ㶫
Ȼźʵں㲻ˣԼҲԥûһͬ⡣
ѽѽȥʲô
㲻ǰԼҳǾͳԼҳˡ
á
Ѳ·ף̴
˴һũ֣ͣʱ˳ܣĲⶼרԼԼֵģֻܽӴʶˡ
ˣŶֻӴǮ˵ũ֡
ף̴ǣŮѳڴǰ̨㿴ʱˣнһæʰ沿飬첽߹ȥףС㣬Էİỹһֱš
š
ף̴ӦһŮߣжµķԱϡ
˵ģҳ˲ˣԶһ㡣
ǵ˸ոʶʱСѺϲ˵仰
С΢죬ĻǸˣù˵ҳˣм㻹һˣ˳Ҳܹˡ
ɫͨ۸Ǹˣһ۾Ͳٿˡ
ˣԵģ˷ѡ
ͬʱףҲԼ̸⣬սȥͱǰ̨֪СҲԷˡ
ֲּ︡죬ڻ𣿡
˸ϡ
ףЦЦߵĺѣȥк
һǻ⣬кԽԼ緹
ף̴ȵҲʮֺ棬ȻûвӦģЦЦУǾȥɣŮһģ
仰ʵǰ̨
ǰ̨Ҳǳ˵ģȻ֪ף̴ȵŮ˭۾ˣ͵ͷȥԹϣ
ǹQAQ
˸ѲˮСȻͻţһֻСʢ
ʢףš
˵һףŽȥҪһ棬Ǳȵ춼ѡ
ãȻ̧ͷֻͷһϳ£ɫ泤ȹʶİŮԣŵĻȹŮȴʶæվк㡣
̬òˡ
˵ͷףֻۣкأ
һ£֪˭ѽСȡ
һ㿴ȥף̴ЩΣ㣬ôˣСֲʶ㣬ôк
ǣףʦĽ
˻
͵͵һ
ĽŵĶҪˣԭǸ˵һĽ㡣
ףʦĽ㡣
ŵ˵ֱףʦн㡣
ŲִæҵĻһ㡣
ƬַӦ̸ֻ˶ѣôϽˡ
ˣܲ˼
Էǲ⣬˵ͷϵĲˣʣ͵𣿡
Լһ˳ԣҲҪһӲˣһԱȣԼøСԱἫˡ
Щŵֱͦף̴ȵʲôʮȻ˷ѲãԼԣˡ
ףͱʾϰ߹֪˻Ϊ̼εء
̧еķԱټӼ˰ɡ
ף̴ȵüĲ΢΢𣬡Ҫԣ
ôˣòˣԣ
е㲻Ǻ
㲻Լİ𣿡
ţǽôûһԷˣԸôˣСŮѶû˵ʲô
ЦЦĿѡ
ѷ·ĳźţŵıæڣûû£Ǿһ԰ɣףʦ
͵һȥףʦ֡
ף̴ȾϲСѹ磬ǵò
ò鲻Ըģףͺһ㶼ҪСŮѼҳˣҺһٷ𣿡
㣬̬Ⱥһ㡣
½Ůί
ϾףҵŮȦһ˼ɣ˵ʲôĻ۸С
ףüһ¡
̬Ȳ𣿡
ѡ
ŮѵĽ㣬˵̬Ȳãֻæҡͷף̴üĽ壬ӲãŻܲһ㡣
ƽʱýжȤζԼŮϣͲˣýͱˣ۸С
˵ˣףƲһ㣬ֱسȵףܣЦŸһͻˣŮ
ҲЦһ£ҺһĿһ˵ҲڣҪ
ף͵ͷӦü˭㲻Ǽ档
˶ѵõϢԼСһʱ䶼أпմȥͱ˼棬һȥ˷Ѱʱ䡣
ף̴û˵ףأѡ˼ˣ÷Աȥϲˡ
ЩţĬĬŮơ
ֱ߬סɡ
ף̴ЩûµģʶˣҪǲ˵һԶͺˡ
ٻõĹŮѼʱенѿ˵ף˲ܿĻ֪ʱӲȻֱᰲźһ㡣
ţҽʲôѽ
Ͼܱյİᣬܰĺܣ˵ᣬɶԷҲˣף͸ף̴֮ǰһ䣬ͺ͸ոһн㲻Ǻܺ𣿡
ˣ̬
ˮ۾Ҳнǻ᲻ᡭ
ᣬͱͱȽСҽҲӦõġ
ףͽʮͷСʮ꣬нҲ
Ŷ̸⣬᲻ŵ㣿
ᣬĿСҲо֣͵ѹˣҾš
ŶҲ𣿡
ףͼһ˫峺ףЩ΢Ȼɻ󣬹˹ǣȻֻǼһ棬ЩСΪʲôôϲˡ
ֲʲôܣȻ


59 
ѵһγԷʱôʵ,ֻŮѵ֣ûж죬һֱ˵,żŮѼӲˡ
ף̴Ҳ,żʲôʲô
ȥӾͱ,Ťͷս,Լһ,ҳԲ£ˡ
С,θôС
š
ǸϵʱҲһ,ֻС⣬Ĳˡ
ðɣϸ߳Ժò,ϲ𣿡
,,ϲ
ٺ١
С˵ϲ,е,Цü䡣
ףͿ,ſڣԼתƻֿʼĹ,ҲҪҳԷ
С,ǵ˽ʱ,ϣκ˴,г,ûʱٺСѴһ
ףʹõ۾λοԵ˼,һԣƬ̣ƲƲ죬С
Ҳû֪ԼѻӦ
ӦֻΪŮѵĽѣСȿɵˡ
ףСĻ;ЩЦ
СȶˣôţɺֻСһı˺ܶࡣ
ǳԵĶ٣һӵĲˣֻһ˿ڳԡ
Ϊ˶ڲˣ׷ûʢ׷Ȳ˸⣬ֳԺܶ෹ֳԺܶ˵Ļˡ
ף̴ȼԵĸˣּ̧һ˹ȥԵ㡣
ţѾԺܶˡ
Ҳ˼۸ǣɫͨͨҳ˵ӣζȴܺãһԼֻιġ
š
ף̴ָŮʢһССڵĺȣζҲŨܺúȣҲóԣۣ
һٷ꣬Ǳ߹ڹϵҲĲˡ
Цðףһ£۸һˡ
ףЦżˣȻϵҿɲ֡
ũҲ˽Ժܺã緹һ뿪ǸԶ˳ڳֿ
һɶ£һ·˳硣
ףҲͷҲǣСһȥɣС̫ˣǵԵ㣬ҲĻˡ
ţãټ
ټ
ף̴ȶڽ˵Ļûκ̸ֲűѹܳԷģ̸ǰҲԷܽԵ㣬ϰˣܱСĸо
ֻ˵ͷ͸ŮϳˣûҪ˼ĶûС
ףҡͷҲ֪þԸû˵ʲô
˸ظҡ
ѼҰƽʱûʲô˻ֻ˯ɳϣȴղ
ȥģ
ף̴ԭȵŮѻ￴գ˭Ůȴȥģɶɲ
üʡ
ţȥⶳһţѽǳţۡ
һ㣬Ȼҡ
֪֪ˣףʦѽ
ЦЦڱԹһ㣬ʵͦ˵ģһô
û̸֮ǰΨףʦ䵭ӣԶȲĳѰܲһȴʼհԼˡ
û뵽ף̴ˣ̸ǰ̸ȻȻͬ
Ҳϲ˵ϲӦҡ
뵽ȥĽŲ˼֡
ٰţⶳãȻȥš
ŵĴǡ
㻹һ𿴻Ҫ˯𣿡
ף̴ҡҡͷˣҲ˯дһʡ
Ŷҿ籾㡣
Ǳ߾籾ѾˣСʢġţŮ־ʢġ
ڷһụ̈һ籾żһЩעպǺг
ף̴Ȼеʱ¼ʣûˣŤͷŮѡ
ѲҴ´УҲֻڶԷʱŻ̧ͷӦݺ˱Ƭ۵Ĵꡣ
ҹĻ٣кڳģף̴ںϵԣһӡ
Ҳ۵۾վˣϢһ¡
š
ŮӦһƣɵȥˣóֻ߶ڸλϣһʱֱףʦˣ
ף̴߹ȥȻĿСһ𿴡
ũ˽ȷʵܲĵ͵ݳԷƬ
˳㻮һۣۣЩίŤͷ˽ŮѻƲ죬˵ҳ
ף̴ȼСί綼۵Ĳˣ࣬Ǳ˺˵ģҰ㷢һһºòã
Сҡͷãѿ϶ŵģһ𣬾ǻô˵
Ҳֻ֪ǿʱǾòˡ
˰ѹȥ㲻ˡ
š
Ѱֻһߣȥһһ¡
ף̴ڸԼŶӷϢ
֪ҪѴ۵ףţ
ԵĶ
ԼüˣϢûأʵʵùزæѹۡ
û뵽ǣҲԾĻųˣȻѡ
ʮԱԾҲܿѵıȻģ·Ǿ籾ʢģǸͲΣѪŮ
ǿԾ˹֮ǰ
űĻѹûСʱëվˡ
˭˭˵Сѳģ
ǿִ󹷿ʵɣֲʲôõߺŲϷ𣿡
¥ˡ
ݿڲ
ȤֻСһǴŮеĴŮ˶ǣûҪŮһ֡
СѾⶼǴŮ˵ģ
ף̴ȿһۣ΢涼ǿСģŶȥѣѾԼȥˡ
ݼ
Ѹλϡ
һ·˴ֱӡ
Աõҽݼ
ݼֻҪһ㱳Ա·ߺԶ
ţбˡ
ף̴ȰϵѸŮѿ
۾һ¾ˡ
׻С˿ͺܸˡ
ڴ˻ȥͣţۣţĭ¹˳Ȼϸֵϣټһ㿪ˮ
ǰһ飬ϴ׽ģȹٷŽȥһС߲ˣͺˬ
򴽽ǣףʦϾˡ
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60 
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΢,Ķ㡷
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˿ϲһ˱ȽûӣҪάԼӣ


61 
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ǰСȴСУ÷ֵıȽϿ죬Ȼ̫Ϸ[Ц]


62 
Ǹ˿ͣȰҪǲϲСȥף̴΢,˶һСһ˿أ
ѲڿµС͸ˣ,,ҵȻ
Ųᷢ,СȺҪһһ𣡲Ų֣
,һ,ڷСһ·ɻܿˡ
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ѾЩˣŵðǰ˺һ,Сȳ,ǳ,Ȱȥ΢ֵķ˿Ҳʱ˲,ף̴ȵӴСȡ
ף̴ȴ,ôʱ,Ҳû˵ʲôߵķ˿ͷһ·һ·̧ͷ,Ѱʲô
ǰŷ˿󵨷,СС,СѽǲҪӻѽ
ף̴΢΢ͷ,,̫ҿ
ѻԥԼҪҪǰ漷һŬȥ,ף̴Ѿͷʼ绰ˣ룬ֻķ˿ʶͷҲ˲ϱˣæͨ绰ſھǣιСȣأ˶Ｗ
û˿磬Χʹף̴Ȼ֣ף̴Ѱȥʱ۵¶Ц⡣
Ȼҵķ˿ȴ¶һ˹ı飬ǸոջȥȰֵķ˿ŵڶ㣬ѣ
Ѳڿɬ򴽣һ䣬ǲֵġ
Ȼ󼷿Ⱥȥߡ
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š
ӸǷֵˣϾףʦϲ嵭ֲԷ⣬ʣǵҲ·ѽҪһЩĲˡ
ϵĹʲô
ʹһӰˮϷݣ졣
ˮ׼ԡˮҪϽһȾͿ㣬һġ
ţ𶼰ұء
Сѵף̴֪ͷǲģˣһȥɣ͵̽࣬һȥ
ŮѵĹԤᵣģҪߡ
ѽѽ
ԱҲ̽࣬ʲôһڴӦ
ͳԵıģһȥ顣
ⲿڵ۶㣬ػ㷽㡣
ף̴ȳھʱ˶ˣû»Լû׼ʱϸά־ҵĺҲˡ
ǣ˵õĵ͵أСҲţ᲻÷ֿһ㣬ܵ͵·𿴼֡
л˵
о˸[Ц]һɺһˣдˣԺҲô


63 
ף̴һֻ¼ΪͶ̳ھ,ݿһ˺üˣŵ֪ԼʹԱŮŮѡ
һֱźͱ籾,Ȼ֪¡
ǵӰ˳û
,ɽ̳,Ǳ߾ܾ,˵ûС
,ȥף̴ԡ
ݴʧɫ,ף̴ȺӵǺܶ,Ծ籾ҪҲߣҵģ
ۼݹȥæҲȥ
ף̴ڿŮһҪĺӣѱŵֱ۶һ𿴡
ݱ,,ͻ,ףС,ҪҪǾʹһɫ
,ף̴Ȼ˻ͷ,΢΢ۣ˵ʲô
ﻹһɫСݵĽɫһ,ףСҪҪԣ˵Ƕ󡣡
΢,,С˰,Ǻˡ
ȻЩĶ
ûݹϷ,һݺá
û,ǸɫףС÷ϣҲģֻٵʱЦһ£ʺףС㣬ֻһϷݡ
ף̴Ȥ룬ݣСҪͱˣ
Ȼ֪Ա˵Ǻģһϸ뵽ﻹǻ᲻̫ˡ
Ӧ
ͷˮţľҲûʲôֻöúЩϲۣҪףʦ˰
ף̴Ȳ˲Ůѵš
ҲЦһ£Цҵ˴ûᡣ
͵͵е𺳣Ȼװ𣬡ˣǾû˳ףС㿴
ԳȻѾ籾Ҿˡ
ٳֻܸСѺԼá
еϲϸСѳˡ
ͺְҵҲӰһ
ôһһ£ݲֲܾܾ֧ӦˣߵʱЦᣬݲ⣬Զ˲ʣСݵĽɫǸͬ˲趨Ѿ𣿡
ɫѹֻݣñдˣûжپͷף̴ȵһβӰƷǺŮһģԼOSTͷ
ʱҪôˡ
һҪڵӰݱȷֿˣȻ˫˫ѳ´Ⱦһϣǵʱûз֡
Ҳû£΢ˣcpۺܶ࣬Ҳܴ򶯷˿
һˡ
ߺ󣬺ֻһС£ʣ
ףʦϷ𣿡
ף̴΢΢ҡͷ
һظǳţҽѽ
ţá
ٺ٣ȥⳡϷʲôʱ򡣡
Һһȥ
༭յϢҪһ֧ߣüأֱϷʲôʱ
ֱЦЩЦˣһżǿɣġ
Ŷˡ
Էͷ룬ȷʵࡣ
ȻŶԷ뿪
ҪˮϷһ׼ָҪģǰӦһ¡
ף̴һԱ߿˹һ±ˮ׼ˮҲë׵̺ӣһһ
ͨһŮˮﱻûıյֲļˮٴγˮףģָҲˡ
Ůһȥ
ף̴ýżˣ۵β죬ݺһˮˮڴ
ʪ͸·ϡ
æǰڰߵŷ̺ӹסϸãйĵģСԱᡣ
ȥѣף̴̽ѣ
·˿ۣʲô̽࣬ӻûֿɡ
ЦˣҼèûôˡ
ҲҪС¡
СѵϷ·͸ˮܽأףʦֱǻòһԡ
ɳĵ㿪΢һʱһڣԼ۾
ίͰͻеСģȥţףʦףʦˡ
ף̴ʶһ䣬˾ˣôˣ
㲻ȱ𣿡
ȻסŮѵȥֻҳ棬Ȼҡͷûʲôǲõѣ˽㣬һ㴦ġ
ŤŤƬ̱סҲҪ鷳
¼ǻ鷳ģôܲ鷳ң
Ůβһбҡͷϣûûۣллףʦ
˵˵лң
ף̴ȴ۽ޣ·Щãѱһڣףʦ
Է̧̧°ͣǿӦһš
죬ףʦÿɰ
ȶԷΪݺߵһ½һˡ
ǹѲʵɳϰѵ
㣺/
ǣɶҲûɣҾϷһԱ͵ףʦҴˮȻ΢ϵġ
ûϵ
ֿƲ˱˵С
ɾ֪һ׳¡
Ｋˡ
͵㣬ǻһȥ飡
Ǻףʦһûмˣ
ҵԾ˵ʹ
˵ûʲôˣһҪʵʲôõΪϰߣõȥ㣬㣬ȥףʦίû
ɲģˣҪģ
Ť⣬ҲȥЩԼ𣿡
ףʦ㴦ЩýҪǲĶ˵Լô
ײСֹ˾Ҳ󲻵ȥ
ûף̴Ǳ˳֡
Ѳˣô˼һ鷳ȥףʦѽ
ף̴ȵ˯ǰţ̻ڷüȥ˳ɨһ¼˲ˣͷӦţ˵Ļ͸ҡ
СЩ
̧ͷףʦվţ㶣ᶯһ£Сףʦ
ţŮѾǻæģ¶˵Ѷ㲻ϣÿ˯ලҶ壬ѵЩæҰҲõġ
ףʦѾҺܺãöҸˡ
С졣
ˣǡ
ף̴޻˵ֻҡͷʲôõġ
ǶҺ
ˡ
ˣϵĻˣţ̣ȥҿӡ
Ŷ
Ӧһӹţ̺ȣһںȽȥ;̾һȵİ
ţȻҪȵģˮٺȱġ
Ŷ
ջؼң˾ϴˮ裬ţ̺ʵڴϣף̴ʣǸ͵ĵСԱҪһ𣿡
ʲôô
Ьӣϴſף̴ȻãȻʡ
ף̴һָŮѵͷ˾Ҳ˳飬һ㣬ɱҲûйϵ
ף̴Ļעõô
һֻСôˡ
һ㶣ԥƬ̻ҡҡͷ
ǲСԱȦͷҲͦѵģܾҪȶȣȥҪ͵Ǿͺˡ
ţС
ôС
Ѳ㲻ܽС
СǺܿɰ
Ůѷ·Ҫ˵ƣף̴ץһ䣬Ű˺á
սףʦʱѾˣϷϴ迴ٰѵѾʮһˡ
ƤӴܣ˻ӿŮݵĵӾ硣
ſżѣСҲڵʱ϶ûйԹ˯
ף̴ԣֱӵûŮÿʮչͺ˯˭˯ŰҲСһ˵˯˯
Ҳ֪Լ˴СŮѵӣﱻЩˮ⣬˯ɣףʦҺѽ
ʲôҪ˯
ף̴򴽣ˣҪ˯ҰѵӹˣٿǵӰľ籾Ҳ˯
һ˯ˣ˲ˣ˰죬һҲ˵ֻίͰͿš
飬Ҫ˯˯ҲŲ˯
һ˯ʹһҲವģⲻϲ
ֻ˰벽˿ʵ˯ӣСҰŪһΣǾ˯𣿡
ף̴ȣ
һα˯ɫʱЩӡ
Ƭ̣ͷ˷
С˵ʲôء
ﱿˣףʦҡ
һȥ˿ӣѾҪŪΪֹ
ף̴ûü˵ԸҲǿܿ㱻۸ĹѩϸĴȣĲ˲ˡ
촽ҧסһʼ˵ŮӴҲˣһһģˢĶᷢ
ô
ϴξλ
ѵæţ壬ҿףʦңҺһòã
С𣬱Ūˡ
ŲἫˣ۾ˮʡ
ףʦ˵ʵۣ͵͵˼bedϵķӦӦ÷ſ
޾ϲҪǱͣŪ˾ǼŪ
ûдͷҵҵ˱š
˱˻ûһ롣
ֱϴʱף̴ȶӣֻ˱ԡҡ
ԴûаԹԣ̧ϱĸ첲˲ֱۣͣʣףʦ𣿡
ף̴ƣ̧ƤɨŮһۡ
֣ʲôžˣɽȴǺۡ
ǵȻ˯ɣ
ʵһͨѷˣǾҲᡣ
ף̴۵Ĳ붯һ£п޵˵ͷ
Сǰûκ˽ԣÿÿϴ˯ʱ򣬶ᱻϴɾһʼú߲˼Ѿޱˡ
Ѱϴɾˮϴ˯ף̴ȱһͨҲˣټϽΪʵĺ磬һʱƤӳĺܣڲ۾ˣһͳ˯ȥ
ѱţСŻ۾һͦĶˣչȥĪ˱ڣףʦûӦ̧ͷһۣѾ˯ˣҲٰҹű۾˯
˯ϰߣûһҲ˯ˡ
ڶ˸磬ȥԡϴţֱԷԺۡ
ף̴ȱҲǸһ˯ģû̫ѣڴ෢͵ĶǣοŮѡ
Ͳһ첻𣿡
УҪ˶緹ѽȻ岻õģףʦأȦȻһȥͺ𣬽ԡ
ðɺðɣҲܣһߡ
Сл˵Ľ
ף̴ʵھֻܾͬ⣬ֻĸϡ
ŶҰʰһ´ȥ
ƽʱаרŴɨϾ죬̫ˣҪʱһ¡
ţҺһӰɡ
á
һһȥ¥ӣ˶˶һȥԷ극ŮȥĿ㡣
Ա˵һԺҪ͵ˣ͵ͦõģֶεĴˡ
һȦǸԱ֣ȴ֪ԷѾ뿪ˣһ£ȥҵʡ
ݿЩΣﴧű±кѽСϰҲ֪ǾˣȻ͵ףС㣬ˣԱϷݣףС˵һ£֣һôˣȷʵùܡ
ڵȦͦģڵӰȦֻˣݻǸף̴Ȼ᲻ˡ
㶣ӺףԷֱӱˣ˵ʵҲûôأףʦûк˵ˣֻҪԱҪ͵Ǿͺˡ
ҡͷѼ򣬡жףСϷ꣬ɱˣҵʱǰɱɣҲһǸ⣬˾ԭҲģô죬ָͰѾȫͺȥˡ
˾鵱Ȼ
Ҳ⣬û˵ʲôͻȥŽϷȥˡ
ף̴ȵϷݸոǣֻһϷʣµ˵ǵǱ߻ڿôţȰ˰ⳡϷ˾С
ʵ˹£ףʦѾеڽϷˡ
ǾȻbe
е㲻ܽܣף̴ȿԺ˶ˡ
Ǻо籾񣬸Сĸо
ԶԶԣףʦͱоͺãĳһÿȲһ𿴡
ţΧ˲ע⣬һ£Ĵࡣ
ŮŪף̴Щάֲס飬ƹҪͷӦŮȴ˵𣬱״̬ͲˣҪǰһһ飬ɫ䵭һ㡣
ף̴ȣ
ɹҲѡ
ƫѻ˵ǱС
ܿ͵ף̴ȵϷˣݵݵָʾ˹뷿߰飬ʱЩ˪
ǵرҪ༭дġ
ϾǸ֣ûݹϷǷԸһЩȽϺġ
ڿҲóϷ
ף̴ȻûϷ飬ʤԸߣһξĳɹˣڶݵĺܺãһãûˡ
ʣ°볡죬ǰ볡꣬պۿʼһ¼ơ
˴Ӿ糡ȥף̴С䵭ȥɻʵףʦ㻹ûгϷ𣿡
һɣֻȻ򣬡ףʦҵ
ʲô֣˵ĺһ
һ㣬ûϵףʦҲϲ㡣
һ˵һߴչȥһ¡
˽гûйʱûй͵ģҲûз˿ʲôļ棬˿ΪѾˡ
˭ˣ㾻ңҲûء
ף̴Ȳ졣
ѵνףʦҲܿɰ
̧һҪҪȥԵʲô
˶ƾ籾ˣ˼Զ

ŶǻؼҰɣܲϷ϶ˣǻؼҵȾľ籾òã
˵籾ף̴ٴƽԹһŮ˵Ľɫûһôѽ
ΪҪģһͲһŴıӣŮͬҲһûµģϷѣǼٵġ
ݹܶϷˣľ鵱棬ʲôݡ
ף̴ȲԸ⣬Ůѵֽ˽ϷҲϣвõĽ֡
ѽ˾ͿžˣҲǺܺõġ
ѽʾ֭˰οŮѵĻ
ף̴һ㶣ȥˣ˼һͷţ˵Ҳе


64 
׾ͱ,̴Żؼңȵڶ죬յĿ鷢¾籾
ף̴ȵϷݲ,Ͼݵ,˵֧Ǳ龫ϸˡ
ѿһ,̾,,Ϸ
Ϸ
ףʦһϷúĥһ
Թ˵,ѽ,һûĹϷأһϷҪ׸ףʦˣףʦģ
ӫĻ𣿡
һ뵽Լ֪Ĵʡ
͵ͷ,ѽѽ
ġ
ף̴ǹĻ,ڶڲס
ĵһҡ
,ܶ඼ףʦ,ףʦһ°ɡ
С,رס
ף̴ʵҲϲ
ȸŮֵһϢ,ȥо
˶籾ȥ˾飬¾籾ָҲһϷݡ
ݿǾкĻ,ҽ϶˸Ƶ,ףСɱ,ϾǵһϷ,һЩ
ЦǺǵ˵,ף̴Ҳû,ͷӦֱŮѴȥϤ籾
ⳡϷд˽㺣һڻ谵Сӵǣ䵭ĮŮӣϺ⾡Ŀס
ǿʼ˰ͨӣŮŮ䣬Ůڳ鰮ĿУһӡ
ϧþûãһҾҪˡ
˴޼ҵŮϱ˼½ǡ
˽ǵǺֲɢҪǼȥֱԶĵط
һӼ˴ˣԳ֮ǰ½ˡ
޼Ϣֻݻ֪ˣûԥѡİ˶ȥ
İ£Źڦҵİѱ
Ů
ǴݻԼ½һʱҲƷ֣ҲµĻԺ
˼ǣ͸ůķΧǺһԷŰ⡣
һ˿ϸҲ©ļ¼
ⳡϷף̴־Ȼһһ߿ͷһпȻ¶ǺģȻĻϲ
ѻãᣬף̴ȿǶʮȴûŵģžǸֻ֮Զ۲档
ͷһι˭˶þݽȥˡ
չҲûߣѧϰһ±˵ݼϾǶ֪Ӱ滮ҲϣδרӰȦ
ף̴Ⱦһ߿
ԱȵĿ꣬Ǵк
˵Ϸģٵһ͵ˣݲף̴ȵ̫ãǰչΪ˾ٰɱ硣
е㲻˼ݵĵӰûϷݵСǣרڴӰˢģԴûеݸɱ磬һմףʦĹ⡣
ף̴Ȳ֪ϷٵûɱģֻΪÿ˶УҲû˵ʲôϷͺһȥˡ
ǸĽ㣬εĵΪкڣƣһ߿ļȾȾ
һǣƬҪ̧־ƣ޿Աߵ֡
Ƭ˿ȥһ¡
״æڣٺȵٺȵ㣬Ҷٺȵ㣬ƺȶ˶岻á
˾ܲţŲܺô࣬ȶ˻ͷ۵ģ컹¼ƽĿء
Сġ
ף̴ȿ˼ҲˣøҾơ
Ҳû˵ʲô
˼ҳŮѣʲôŮѵء
ֱɱ˻ȥ·ϣף̴Ȳ¶Щϴ嵭ľ㣬·һʰ㣬˶ϲôḡ𣿡
ɵۣ⻰Ӻ˵
ʲôʱḡˣףʦˡ
Сί
ף̴򴽣ˣḡ
㶼ŮѵˣŮѵḡ𣿡
˽ºãһ·߻ȥٴ򳵡
СĿɹŵź촽ʲôʱŮˣһֱһףʦ̫ˡ
Ĺģƫͷȥˡ
紵ɢ˼⣬ȴûдɢף̴Ĳá
ǸŮ˵ˣΪû
Сʶ˭ˣһ٣ȻӦָĲƬɣ
ף̴бһۣӲãߣеôȡ
ͱҴҸоòһ㣬Ҳ֣ס㾴ƣȾ϶Ⱥüˡ
СȿЩֺ˵ǾͶСȾƣ̫ˡ
㲻ܺú˵ΪʲôҪֶţ
ҼҲˣ
ף̴Ȳ˵ˡ
Ŵˡ
һ㲻ҵĻҲˡ
Ķ߬һЩ
͵͵СѣһҲã˵ˡ
ȫȻûǰǾ䣬㲻ҵĻ
ֻ˵ͬĵί
·Ĳ˲˵ϢҲͳ˭һƲֵӡ
ѲߵЩˣǲߵģ涼䵽ȥˣ͵͵󿴣ףʦ˵һһ·ϵʯӡ
ʱͳһƬǲ̫ܺ˳ܵģս͸ˣԷֻҪѹһ㣬;۵С
ǽŲҲһ䵽ԱߣȻø첲һ¡
ף̴Ƥ䵭
Сȡ
Ǹո˵ˣҲ
ף̴һɣʵС˵˾治ˡ
˿ģʱҪ֪ôźˡ
СϳԱȥضԺòã
ף̴ȷŲӣڿԣԥҪҪӦ
ô˳̨ܸоеûӡ
ףʦҪӵġ
ԥ˼ŲһĸոʱЩӣίͰͣ䣬ûӾǰڲСȣԺ˻𣬱ҵѽ
ӦԺ󲻻ˣף̴ȵɫźÿЩ۽֪ҰԴס
ǰ֪֪ˡ
ףʦ׾ء
ɲǰһˣϾŮѵˣעһҲӦõġ
ţֻ㾴ƣȶ˾ܡ
ˡ
ף̴΢΢ףѩ׵ҧҧꡣ
С˵ţ֪ģǻ̲סˣԺ*˵ֻ֣Ϸʱԡ
Ϊƽļһ䡣
Ҳף͵ͷã㲻Ҫˣֻϲġ
ţӦ
㱾Ӧֻϲҡ
ٺ٣õĺõģһ¡
ڽժ¿֣͵͵һ¡
СȥԹضȥȥҪԹضοһԼףʦ˵顣
˵Ŀ⣬ף̴ĵתͷͲˡ
㣬ֻ˵㼸ˡ
ָףЩ顣
ҪԹض󡣡
Ҳûоᣬֱ
ף̴ȻܾҪپܾǾʵ۸ʵˡ
ͷţԾͳԡ
ڽͷ򳵻ȥСһұض
ؼҳԣȺء
ڱһʳܾûгԹضˣֻžĺܡ
ף̴ҲһЩӲװ¡
Ϸˣиһ£΢Զһ㡣
·ϾŹض˺գƯպ󣬱̻Ļ䣬ܰ·ƣһųͻƬ
û涺̫ã˾סƽ㣬һɳϳԶﲥӳĵӣ˼أƻҪԱһ
ף̴ȴⲿӾʱƺʲô
ü΢Ůϵ㿪΢
Դ̸Ѿֻˣ㿴ֻҲֻΪ˺ŮѷϢѵôһ΢Ϲŵģ¾翪
Ӵ¸ߣ
Ե
һȥֱԵһŻȻ֪ȦȻô˸¾ˡ
û֪£ûֻСҲ˵
ף̴ĺԹĵһۡ
ѻʲô֪Ӿ翴Ľζ
ѵһ۾ΪʲôûиŮģȻö˲²ǸˣҪ֣Բ
СѣΪʲô˵
ף̴ƵȥŮ΢ת
ֻرĵʾһ㶣ףʦҷϢһ𣬷ʲôϢѽ
һ˵һߴֻףʦת΢
Թӣܿǧˡ
Щϲѽףʦѽ
ףʦΪأҲһǣô˸ˣΨҲԼϸţҡ
Щ⣬۳žҪˣæ˹ȥףʦؿŽףʦûӾ磬±ܾ
Ȼ˹ֱף̴һȥֲ΢죬˵Ҳ˺ֻܶ࣬һ㱧Թһ
ôһҲԣܲ㿴𣡡
ʲôѣ
ãȻȻûйע
ף̴ȥǳˣΪûѶ˵Ѿˣ
ȥǰѾΪϲձϲձСȸСûз֣ǿܾСճһתˣ
ȷʵڲ²ǵĹϵǲѾˣЩֻŶе㲻ףʦˣֲףʦء
һתסף̴ȣ壬ףʦûóóȻ˵Ļû뵽Ҳô໰˵ѵӦÿǵ͵𣿡
ѷ߷߲ƽ
ף̴ȼСˣôչȥԼĺ£ڻˣ
ˣ´²˱˲ң֪ĻΪǹϵû׽ء
ͶŮѻ뵽ʲô۾˵Щû˶ȸ׽Ըǰæ¾Ҳң
ѻһݣ˻Ӻ˵ףʦϲ˵˵Ȼң
ûûУҸǻ϶ô˵ǹ˾ŵѽмҶʶǹ˾ˡ
ֻһЩϵ˵ùȥģҲҪģͷҲġ
Сίôôˣ
ףʦԩңҾͲˡ
Ҳ˵װͰ͵Ļ˵ﲻԸ⣬ףʦģֻ˵СѧһĻ
ƫף̴Ⱥܳһףüһ䣬ңҺ˭ã
Ҳ˭ãԼһˡ
ŴĹĵġ
Уѣ㲻˵ֻ
ôһɱûеĻǽף̴Щ⡣
Сţˣ˵öҪС
ţǲУҲ㲻Һá
ռǿԴףҲҪܶܶİȫУϲԼŮѲͣ˵ϲͣжϲ㡣
ܰġ
Ҳң֪ǲܵģҪô˵
ѱԹһ¡
ÿ춼һԷֻܻ࿴ģôܸ˱Ƚ׽ֲ˭ֻܿģ
ףʦ֪ģ֪ǸҪõģҪô˵
ף̴ȵȻ֪ʱ˵ĻڲԣǹСҲģɵСˣ־ЩգϲСܡ
ԥһָŮѼϣ˵ˣ´βôˡ
ȷʵЩ
ֻСһ˵ġ
룬Се㲻ƽ
ƵĹСҲԣһģ㲻ҡ
ף̴򴽣ţ֪ã´βˡ
ֱ˱ڻУ룬С᲻ΪǿķǣͺԶˣ
뵽һңʶֱ̧ȥһǡ
ŶԺˣٷͷǷִ˯
˼ĳͷֱߴߴ磬ף̴͵۾ѿˡ
Ҫҷֿ˯
ǰˢͣ޷ַĿˣҲһ
쵰ѣȻҷ֣
Ѳ֪Ի·ߵÿ죬ֻͣңҲŻֿ˯Ҫһ죬ͷ㣬ߣ˭᲻Ҳ᲻۸㡣
ַֻʽˡ
ף̴ҧ̺챡Щί㻹۸أ׾ҷ֣ɼûҡ
ҪĺˣȻ
˭˵Ҫ֣
û˵Ҫְ
֪Ű룬ץ˸첲ҡҡΣ˺þãʳˡ
֪Ůִ˯ֺٴĿɹ
ͷҲˡ
ͷףʦףʦȴΪ֣޶ûضȥ
ͷСһͷ
ף̴ȽѵôСһҪгͷұ֤Ժ˵˲𣿡
һҪ˺壬ѿԲ壬۵ҲԸ
ʹӦˣײ÷ãֻԼķݡ
ãûгͷֻҪԺô˵Ҿˣ˵ңʵҲһġ
ţҵĴ
ף̴ȼûϹСǰ
ŮǲһģԶŮѵͷ
ùѽϴˣһ¡
һһȻʹűס
ף̴ϲϲĲˣ׽ﻻ˸ƣ˫ȷţڻȻȥһ½һµ
СѺ
ҲͷӦڲŵĵ⣬˴ӿǻҡ


65 
˵ڶĿĳȥ˱
һ,ȶѸٱѣͷѡ
˶ĽˣԼڿҿ¼,ûһϵĶࡣ

ȶȵֿ,ڱҲܹע,һ־ͻᱻ˰Χ
ף̴ȴ󲿷˲,һȫ԰
Ƣ,ҲЩ
˴Ů,ȥŮѵˮ,һֱֺ˵ˡ
ף̴ɫ΢䣬ˣƫƫͰӲû˿
ֻѲ,Ȼо,æ˰æ˵,Լ,ǶûжҪ𣿡
¼,ѵû̸ϣ
ͬαߵ,αȴ˽ˣ˭˭кøж֪
αͣһ£ӡ
ĿԽ¼,ǾԽԼǳȶ,ȶȱ˴,ȻûҪǵ̸,ֻҪи˻ѡһ,䵥ξͺˡ
ԡһȺ˸ӳĬĿ
ĻƮһ,С˵
С֮ʧ
ЦǱߺڶڣ֪ܲܳɣҿųɲˡ
϶ɲˣǲͬмҶģǿžҪȶȷ졿
ȥŽˮŵǰȻȻ£ףʦȵˮһ·
ѵСڵľã˯ƫƫ컹Ҫ¼磬СѵʱģĶˡ
ϳ΢˯˼ӣҲûܻŮһҲҪˮֻȥŮѼϣ˫ֻƺڱĿǳߣΧ˼ȥ
᲻аף̴ȷ˿սǶμʶһǽ˺Ƭ
СȽ쿴
ǰ첻΢˵ҪලСȵϢⶼȥˣΪʲôôࡿ
ߣ˭֪ʲô
ǵǵģҪʲôϲѲŶ
αҲСʣףʦôôѽ
Ӻ׵СЩ飬ͣԥһ£ֻССһ
СˣҴط˯
˵ãѵƽ䣬ûйʱҲ˯˸ףǴ˱Щˣһӡ
ףʦͲסֽֿеģѾɳˣپÿΪˣ
ԸûͣƬ̣δףʦʧ̬ģԽԽϲ
̲ס¶һ̬
ԡ
Ĵ
ףʦԸǺܴˡ
΢΢ףʦʣǻط˯һ𣿡
ף̴һͱСżڻȻ䣬һʹᱧ
ϸʿС
ȤôоԹС˹ء
ССԴϵӺýÿɰ
ף̴̸֮ǰûܰѿɰֺף̴ϵһ
Ƕ˵߹֮
Ҳ˵Ƣ󣬷ûпɰ֮Ĵʡ
ֻиһЩʲпܳϡ
Ǽʶף̴Ⱥܶһ档
ԭСҲԭСҲôһˡ
ף̴úܣǼ⾻Լϲζ̲סᣬĴ겻Ծȥ
ĴУѲͷ
СԼ֪͵أٺ١
СЦ̵ģŵָ˼֡
ƹ¥۷۵ķ䣬ֱԼķ䣬˷ڴϣ˶ʮȵĿյҲϣȻpdܲȰŵֱˡ
ף̴йصģĿһ㲻ܾ׾ʹӦˣѵֱ䲻ܹأڿ죬ùһЩɿ
ľˣֱҪǶˣȶһ룬ݿɲ⡣
ѵͷףʦСС߳źʣҿȥ¥𣿡
ףʦͶûôԡ
ϴСףʦϲԣҪףʦһС⽡
¥ʱ˻죬ַ׷վк
ףʦطˣ
š
ЦЦСѣ󣬸ոһ¾ͰףʦˣҶһء
ԼҲ˵ţһЩԱ󡣡
Ѳ˼˵ȦܶԱ嶼ͦģµˣֻʵЦ£Ȼ˵ԼҪȥ⡣
һţҪȥ
ǵľͷô죡
۲ĵһǾ֪ˣѺף̴ȵĵطͻᱻǵʱõġ
Լķ˿Ȼе㲻˼ҷ˿˶ڣҲû˸ϴࡣ
μۺȻǵõһЩڵϲ˵ȲŮͬǱߵļαߣȽЩȲֵ¼Ƶ׶ˣȻЩļ
ϰˣＱУ˵ڵĻԾɺмҿԺһȥ⼸Ҳڼѧ˼ˣǳ
Ϊϲͷܴ۽ڳҲѧһЩ򵥵Ĳɫ
ðð
ǺŶʱʵ˭νֻѡ
ӦмαҲҪȥæᶫ˶üպܶҪȥĲƻ¸ˣˡ
ҲҪһȥ
ף̴ǿʶͬһӪģף̴ȲڣŮѣȻðæһ㡣
οǰĹ˾̼δ˺ҹ˾ϵˡ
Ϊȥ̫࣬ԽݱۼαŽˡ
˶ϽĿĳȥ
ȻΧҪʲôˡ
һʴӣҾһƤȥףʦ⽳ԡ
ۣǶһ£ǰһҹҲû緹ءȽӣģϳ󣬿һ·ʹǰӹѾĲ
ҪȻ緹ͳ⽰ɡ
顣
Ҳûʲôѵͷѽ
˿οСİСĺܺá
ҿСȶеء
ţϵǶˣСԭ̫ݣá
һ
ף̴ȵֱһأķ˿޴ȥʶֱӿ
˱һ˺Щ⣬ѻ˳һĲˣ߲˺֮ġ
С¾ˣβѪţ⣬㳴ţţȫ˰ϡ
Ϊ˱Ƚ϶࣬ÿ˶вͬ뷨ڳдһСʱŻȥ
ˣŮһ䳬еʱ
ŮѾͺܹԺģҲûз磬ʱʱӾͽˣʱ࣬ƹʱҲ͹ʮӣˣҶ߳ġ
ǸݷɣҲҪǸҲҪ˾ȻһʱȽţѴ۽磬ҺбмαæˣȻоȽҪˡ
ݷӦƽʱᣬҲĲȽһ۵Ľ֡
ڵĻ˵۽ַˡ
ݷɲֱѣ·£͵͵ȥһۣɫͺڼˡ
·ǰˣȻҪá
СȺá
ųûãѾЩ˼Լˡ
һŮͬˣһһʦЦǫŵһϳȻ˶ϳȥһƨԱߣʻҲϻ
ڿ̫ˣֿѯʣôˣҪ˵𣿡
ԼѱֻԱ£˾ٶǷǳȥЩΡ
ǾȻΪף̴ڶԻȵcp
Ȼʹ˱Դıǩλĸо̫ˡ
μӽĿΪ
ĶνֻҪȦվȽŸͺá
ţԼѲԾ˶￿һ¡
˶ͷüţ
ҡҡͷû£һ˵
ѼǲǳԴѽ
˶Ҳôģ˹ǣԼѵԴûʲôŤͷѡ
ѿգûеžͷ˵ʲôֻҡҡͷףʦڼҸء

˯𣿡
ţ֪˯û
Сճ˱ʾûۿҲв˱ʾ
˶ûۿһ࣬һջĿ⡣
ȽĿĳſڣһȥսͼɳ˸ˡ
壬ݡ
һϳԼţ۾˲ˡ
ССȣ˯
ȤСںûСڵѼֱ
Сȵֱʲôʱ򿪵ģȻû֪ͨڲ֪
һò׻ص԰̴˵
ֱտҾˣСpdȥأ˵ʵܾûСɫôˣ޴ĺƯ
Ŷֲÿ̫أҪùˡ
˿׷ϣΪڵСѾ˽ˣһ˯ûŵĻԼˡ
ȻûзӦ˫ֻɳϣͷûлһ
ֻе⣬ܹȥ˼£ףʦףʦһ⽳Ժòã
ף̴ڱӵ輸ϣʣʵĲλ˰æȥƤ
Ϊ⣬Ųߵģ
Էɴ⣬ڲСףʦ
֡õĺܺá
ٺ٣ûǶŵʱףʦС
СȻ
˵ţһ˳ĵðû˾ڸСҩǲǹ˾СƢð

СȱƢã˵
ã̴㲻ò˵һ䣬СһֱȦƢãˣƣ㲻ΪˣϾѽ
ҲҴȱʵӲȻ߲ڵĵλ
·ˣ
Ҵţôô̹ˣ
ף̴ȻҲע⵽Ǹ֣ŮһۣȥҸȥ
һ˵⻰ˣףʦ˵˵ֻġ
ף̴ԼһοڲԺͺˣСߵĿĬƬ̣С죬˵Ͳ˵ұҲûǸ˼
ʵ¼Щͷ
ÿһ˵Ϊܽܣ
ܸоСȱСѳԵġ
ˣС¾ǳҲײٺ١
Сֻһոջأڿġ
ѹ˹ӣ֪û˼Բ˵ǿķǣһȥأףʦ𣿡
СͰͣף̴˻û֮ǰܵŭһӾɢˡ
Ŵ꣬СãȻá
ҲһЩίһ˯Ͳˣ˵һ˳ȥˡ
ǣĿ黹ҩģ
ɱĽĿ飬߯Ҫˣ
˵ͻ˵Сȥµģô˵С͵͵һС޲㳳ˡ
Ҳˣ§ţ˵ʲôʱһȥˣȥ⽵ģҺ˵˵ѽ
Ŀ飬Ŀͷǻǵݣ˵Ūͷһ¼ܣǲô˵ġ
ߣ
ףʦ㲻ҪǵĻһ·ϾŻء
ˣף̴ȵȻˣɨ˽ĿһۣĿ˴˸ڵҲ缦˵˵
ţֻûе㲻ˣȥӦýҵģȥͺˣҪ鷳ˡ
սļα仰æӦ鷳鷳Ҳȥܲʲôⲻ˺ܶˣϸͰ
һֳоͷѧ˼˵мαЦˬʼˡ
ף̴ȵͷûдȻľ鷳ˡ
ֻһЩŮαķ˼鷳㣬Ůһ䳬С
§˵˯Ҿ˯һҲû뵽ôãһΪġ
ţû£´һȥҪҰ
ð
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ף̴ֻƵķŮѶˡ
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볢̵ơ
ãһһ£ƤҲòãٸҳԡ
⻰˵ǷǳֺŮˡ
cp۱໽еͬʱαҲЩᣬôѽСѣֻСȳǲԳ𣿡
ѽҶҲܳԡ
ŮѵȻҪһգ
˵ȽҲǿЦҪҲңñ˵cpû𣬲Լ
ҡͷˣҲԳԼġ
Ȼûаĸ޳
ѽ
ܶԴСʹ㿪cpȻ죬ߣʶࡣ
СԾֻСģСҲҪСȳԣƫ裬˴չһ
ǿҪcpƵģ
Ƕ˵ԼģֻҪԼŮѵľС
ףʦҪԵ㣬緹ûԶ١
ŮѰȰ̹ˣҲţҳԶʮ
Ư۾ʮҲ̫ˣιСèء
ף̴ȱŮ˵һͨЩŭұͳԲ£ϴֻʮ㶼ҳԵĶء
ڲҲˣ˵ң
ʮܱ䣬С谡һٳʮ⽣ܲҲ/ۡ
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룬£ǶʮҲѽֲֻһ㣬Сֶˡ
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ף̴ԣ΢ЦЦҳԶʮͺˡ
ŶҲУǳ극дʡ
½ӵ׸軹д
š


66 
,Ƥ̵϶еģȸʢһЩ̵ƵģָʢƤ,ԭζġ
㳢Ƥİ𣿡
ף̴ȱƤ,Ů,û˵,ŮѵĻһ,ԼҰģһһƤ,Ƥζʵ̫,ֱţһȥף̴˳ָס졣
üĽţһĲ,Ѽ˾,µ,ҳ,̵ƺġ
š
ܻھͷǰ,Ҩף̴ƤԼԡ
ζܽ,öͦóԵġ
СѣͿҹˣôףʦ𣿡
ȽЦӯӯʡ
ѵͷ,,ˡ
,ǿɾ͵ſˡ
˵۾˲俴,˽ż,æ,ǱѽԼ׼𡣡
ô˶ףѹܴġ
˳Ĭһ£֧ܿϣȻǣҲ׼ģֻףʦѾˣڴһ¡
С죬ûʲôϸ
˿ʱ¼ƿˣҹˣһҹ¼Ƶһ죬˻
û⵵ҿô찡
ҵ·ۣͷһΰֱʽա*
ڴСıҹоǲǺСȶῪĵġ
ǵȻСġ
¼ƿʼĵһûʲô˳⽣һȥдһȥо籾ȥͬһ䡣
˿ѾϰˣСϲġ
pdֱͷȶˡ
һ磬ҲǶһ磬Ȼûз˿ģֱš
˷˿Ҳˡ
ĵѲȥ׼ǰףʦĻٸŪС⽵ӣף̴θڱСȻҡͷˣǾ͵ųͺá
Ҹ㳴γһŶţ⣬ҪԵ㡣
ţ֪ˡ
дȥˡ
ף̴ӦŮ뿪ҪдĸȴȻûͷ꣬Ļ˺һҲû
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ҪչʾһԼѧĺ⣬ĬĬһۣɲ
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˶ڳæµѺͳ¾Ҳ򵥵ĲˣĭӣĵҪġⷺһֺֿζڡ
ѾһڽƷһˣڶЦˡ
ѽû廨⣬һ
֭ճһ˵ͲһΡ
˺ˣԷףʦԷˡ
ΧȹҪųԷ
Ե⡣
ûţףʦҪԵ˽һͣôֻ߲ˣһҪԵѽ
ţҼС
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һ͸ףʦ˺ööˣոջǴЦףʦеЦˣѶĲˣЩԾɬЩҶҪ𣿡
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Ŀ¼ƽӽβһԼĿˣ˵ϲеѡǲԼ䵥ףϲǵĹһǡ
Ҳܳûһ·˿
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۶һ˲٣ٳԺܶࡣ
պ⣬ֻЩźû̸ܺһ
.
ף̴ȼ߼СϣüЩ̲ˣٿվ
ôˣ
беҲ˳ڡ
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СԩûУҶû˵
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ף̴ȹ˹ӣ˱Сš
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ףʦ䵭ɨһۡ
ĿⴥԷǵĺۼѩؿǳǳҧʱͷףףʦ𣿡
ֲҽбˣɿ˼ˣ˭뵽ϣ
㻹֪
ף̴ã֪ˣæȥŴߣҵȻ֪ѽףʦĵطҵļң϶Ҫġ
֪컬࣬ѣһҲã
Сָأº岻ţģһתͷٻͷȥȻļˡ
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СңЧף̴̼ˡ
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͵תͷˮ޹ίƯ۾Ĭˡ
Сѡ
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ŲС
Сô۸Ҳᱻġ
ףʦǲ˼ףʦãҺð㡣
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ף̴ȣ


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ף̴ȡ
ף̴ûйˡ
Թ۸ң㻹ίˣϵڶء
ӣżϣС󣬡ˣҸòã

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ָ֮У΢˶
Ҫ࣬첻ˡ
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˱ԺҲ۸ˣҪһֱҵ
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š
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ԼcpûгɣҹжˣһҪһʱ俴
ֱٶȿӵķ˿ʹֱ䶼˼¡
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СҧŵС죬
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˲²϶ˡ
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вַ˿ʾܽܡ
Էֱ׳βΣԼûãŮôˣ
Ⱳûҧ촽ˣֲ㲻
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ôһ죬Ҳ˼ѡ
ѾԱ͵ǵİţԼİȴֲֻᡣ
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ݷɱ˾ѹţãȻЦһǸû׼𣿡
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񾭲
ף̴Ҳ̧ɫ΢Ŀȥ
ݷһǲҺͶԷϣѡ˱졣
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ҲˣȷʵˣԲŻţ͹˾̸ԼԶԹ˾ĻͲôˡ
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67 
ʱ佥ƽ,αֿˣɽĿѱ׵ļαȥǾ׼õıʽϡ
ף̴ʵҲ׼ףǽĿĬҪ׵,ڱһ
ֻԼȴ˽ߡ
С̸,ֻƺĳ嶯,ǲûкıס
ڴ
ûһ,ĿӼαȥĳ,ǱŪˡ
αŻ׼Ա׵˻ڱ
ף̴ߵpdҲ˵,ɫɶ,ɿڻգʦǵһúõطףʦ׵أ˵Ϳʼˡ
졭
ף̴һ㶣Ǽһ,ֻ˯ѵʱ,Сǰ籾,ʱСǲǳȥ,С˵ûС
ƭ˵С
,ף̴ǻǿƲס΢΢,š
ʦıףףʦڴ𣿡
Ҫ˱,鲻,ף̴,ش,Ȼڴ,Сѻûô¡صĺұ׹
ʲôҼҴ¡صı׶û̵ֻСһˣ
,һȱ׵Ҵأ
̴ñĵʣÿ𣿡
ѷ˿֢ˡ
ĿĹԱЦʣԭʦףʦôһأҶܺ档
һֱǽĿһš
뿪Ŀ¼ƺһģô̸ϵģú棡
ף̴Ȼ䵽һʱü۲Ц⡣
ȻҲһñ֪Щ£Ҹĳ嶯
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·ڷɫĻ֮УڱǼ⣬ϿݽĽϣһ¶ţΧɫӰӰԼԼڵסλüˡ
ף̴΢΢ˣ⣬Ū𣿡
ģȻĿһŪãǻҲŶ

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Ѵ¶źȡһƯʻɰٺϡ֦õɡ
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һֱףʦܺÿϡ
ף̴ԣ˳۽΢Щˡ
š
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⻨ڱϵʱͺܾãѾʮһˣȥؼҿ϶ˡ
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Ůһߣף̴ɫѸ䵭
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ĸ߸Ьףæͷţ˽һ£ţôСŮأ


68 
ףû뵽ĸҪ,һ±ƣԼѽ
ףüԸǼң
ף̴ȷ,Сôõı,Ӧúһ,ȴ˽˻,ҲûʲôҪҪ˵
ô,ûΪʲôҪ
û𣿡
ףֿףš
ף,Լ֮ǰ˵,ȥǽӻ
ԺԶ޸ǣȥӻǾֻá
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пհһ˰ɡ
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ף̴һطȲСϢ,Сѡ
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ҽʵҲ׼
ôѽ
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ףҲף˯ģһ±ƣСȽûйг̰ȥǸ
ֵµ˶Ǹ֣һʱûӦף뵽ģӰӳǡ
ףţ
ף֣
ף裺
ˣ𰸼ֱ˲
Ů
ף̾˿Ҳû˵ʲô¥緹Ȼȥ˾
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ţҪˣͿ˯һ
š
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ǰֵ˻쵽ǻʱŰ˺ѣȻǡ
ɻף̴ֲ˻ˣŮѵֱۣһ⣬ޣˮҪȥϷڻһ׷ӰɣϷĵطһģòã
ǰֻԼһˣȥסƵҲ㣬ˣףʦ϶һֱģҪףʦסƵ꣬Ǿе鷳ˡ
һԼϷ׬Ǯ׻ǵķǹģǵͷ
ãǻͷпվȥ
ţʱ˰ưɡ
۶ķӶϣû뵽˻ǵġ
һȥϷϢ©һȷ˿°ʱԼȳ˿һףʦأףʦأ
ףʦǲҲˣҪףʦ
ѣ
ֱ𣿡
һ£ʧ롣
ٺ٣дvϵģûбģǲףʦôˣ϶ģ
ǶȦ֮ڵԼɩӣָƣ
ѣ
ǻͦġ
ЩΣķ˿ҪףʦͲˣֻûȥףʦǣ
ף̴̽Ůѵġ
ԴŮ˵ۺÿҲеϲˡ
һŵۣһӹ̶һ˿ͿƲסС
СȣСҰ㡣
СȣҲдţ𣿡
ţţ
ˣǲҷ˿𣬻Уţ
ʵ̴˵cpСѻôСһԴס
ף̴ȰѺ󱳣߹ȥӹ˿дţȻԽԼŵȺɫܺţСѻԴ׵ģҲϲ
ֻϲԼŽš
˿ҲǿЦģ֣ŶࡡСѳԴףٺ٣𣡡
ף̴Ҳûз£ԼŮôˣ
᲻Сίء
źͻ÷˿ϽȥĵǴҹϷҪŵȵĻ֪Ҫȶˡ
ǵȶȺѵʣף̴ȸ棬Ϸºܿѡ
ΣȻһѱǰ档
׹˾ܲÿݷɣ
ݷɽ
ݷ
ȦǸȾף
ǰҹϵģѺŮھƵϴɴϣ౧ˢѡ
С𾪣ܾȻ±ˡ
ף̴ſ˳ҲɨһۣЩŲߣӦһţǹ˾ԱȦһĹӸˣۣӦûãˡ
ȻӦ
ѱŸ̾һ
ף̴Ƴһۣͬĵͷ
³ã۸СȻܱ׷Ź
˺ˣ۲ѽ
ۣһϷ𣿡
ҲҡҡͷļϷɱˣʱһȥӣȰѷˡ
ҪϸҪסˣûйȥӡ
ף̴ȶʲôʱȥǲ̫⣬ֻ˷ҳһЩͼƬŮѿҿ⼸ףѾȥˡ
һ˼е㲻ԣףʦҪ𣿡
ᵽ˭Ǯ⣬׳ܣף̴һ˵Щ裬ôҪҷǮҵǮˣ
С˼΢εĵԴ
СЦ˯ȥ
ΪŮѸԼӣסͳ׷治ֹһ䡣
ôߡ
ҲǺ˽Ůˣʱ˸궿ӡ
ӲڶԷߣͷҡɲ˹ˡ
߲ߣСȲҪߣֻǾãǶΪϷôǮӣСȣɡ
ȥס
дȲͬ׵ͬ˼ڡ
ף̴ˣ׵Ļ˵һűԹһᰡѣᣡ
Ѷ˵ָһף
˵ᣬϲģСȡ
ף̴룬ϲҾô۸
Ǹ
ˣ㣬㰮ˣҰǮ⣬ô졣
ԴвκζԷȴ˵Ĳˣðð׬ǮСȻһֱСȻҲûйϵ
ף̴ȱ§ڻü۴ĲŵȥЩһ䣬ɵӡ
ûˢѾϢˣڶݷɵѻ߸߹΢ϣ۾Ȼ
ҪΪԴλ
û£һʼĺܷȦҲϰˣٺСȵġӴԴٱˣҲݷɡ
ֻöԷ¿¶ҲֻǾûöѡ
ûк˯еŮѣ̫ˣϷŶ˯
Ȼ߳Ƶ귿ûһͨİ绰ˡ
ĸȦ˴ģûԥһһ߽ͨ绰ι
û뵽ȻȴһУѣ㣬ף̴ȸҵǲǣұҲҪȦɱˣˣ
ǵʲôޣҪ
û˵꣬ԷٿعҶϵ绰ٱĴȥʱŷѾԷˡ
Ѹսӵ绰ݷɼʱһ£ȷӦҶϵ绰Ȼڣʲô˰ˣףʦע⵽𣿡
࣬ȫԼף̴˵ݷԴ£ֻݷĪףʦҪ㣬̫Լ˰ɡ
һϷȻֻŮϾĵӰƷϷݺܶ࣬˿Ҳӣץˡ
ⲿ磬֮ǰĵһǵӰҲҪˣŮãԼýӵǿ
ףʦOST
·˿֪
Ǳߵݵ˼һϲ
ŮϷһ²ŽлɱĴ㣬ףʦԼ⼸쿴귿ҪؼҼҳ׼һæĺܡ
ö΢мһĵطڻǵĸϷݣ϶ܸϻϢƵٺҲûԼҺá
ԴѰݷɴ绰ҥǵ˵ԺҲûݷɵϢ˵Ǳ׷ɱˣҲȦΪҵʧȥȾƣƼݱץˡ
йĵߵǷһѡ
Ҳ˸ѣݷ֪ýܣһƲ˹ϵ˵ƽʱôϵɹ˶Է֪ϲѺƿڴ¼׬һڵͬƱ
ΪɢˣѾڵˣεһֺͬԸ˵ѹҲҪϲСĺˡ
Եһ㲽죬
ûЩ£еյ£ǴԼ֪ġ
źܳԴףŶûʲôɫһٺźõġ
Ҳ˼ҳʱ򣬹ڸտʼҶϽȥ
ף̴˺ܶÿҶǲһġ
֪СѺͼϵãе
ҵõܵܺͦġ
һصСسǣĸСʱ飬ֺܿԽ飬ֻΨһĻŮ˭ҲҪ˭Ҳ᲻öǰְסһ£סһ¡
Ƥ
סˣһʼСѧס޷ѵģвҪס޷ѣŬ취ʱǮס޷ѣûôüĹ
Ǻ֣棬ҵõܵܶϲ
ļڱ˴ճ
뵽ǰ飬̲סеѣŮѷˣüôˣȥҪǲȥǾͲȥˣһºòãҴ棬ţ
ŮѲ˵ӣһеˡ
ŮڻѸٹƽʱֵСûвȥ´һ档
ǿ԰ѹںϢڵһһȥˡ
ţû£Ժұ㡣
ף̴۵С˵
á
ȥң뻴ǲԶڸʡԼݹȥģò׵ˣ³ף̴ںԼ
кüᡣ
Ѱһ㣬ûȥأиУŸβС¥ˣһ۾һܹס㣬ô͵ˣ˵Ҫϲŵء
С࣬ôżҲУ
˾죬ְ˵У࣬ҶഩУ
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л˵
[ͷ]ٺ٣ifߣ1.СѶСһ飬һͿʼ׷Сȣ2.СûϽĿ֮ǰϲСѣΪСϽĿ3.˶Լѷ⣬ȿĸֹǰͶƱѡ[ͷ]˭Ʊд˭[ͷ]


69 
,ɩˣ
߸˽ȥҼҳɳϣŮŮѽ,εվ,֫岻ЭĴ˸к,ҲŮ,СѺŮ,
ѽŮѵ֣Цݺü,Ů߹ȥ,ǻҲӷǺܾû棬̬ҲЩȻ,С,,,ҪҪȥԵ,ŮѰɣ
ף̴ʱ,ֻʣľˡ
̲ס˵úƯĹ
ͦͦеԺ,ѽ,ȻƯ
ף̴΢΢,Ʒݹȥ,μ,ĸá
ſǴСĶ,ѽ˾ͺˣôôණ
һμ棬Ӧõģģõġ
ҲСѽá
û뵽ȻСŮķݣԷӣҾͷˡ
ڿ˵һֳһˣѺ㡣
Ѽ۾Ҳأûȥ棿
ûûС
֪Ҫûȥոະ㣬ʰˣΪõòף̴ȡ
Ǹףףף
ף̴ȡ˼ף˰вԱò䡣
ʵһΣСʱøˡ
ԼԼ˵ɸ죬ߵңķ˿ϲĸ裬Ըǩ𣿡
֮ǰõ˶ԷǩһĹĽˡ
Ҫˣͱ㲻ô죬˵΢źŶûӡ
Ҳ˼ȥҪֻܵ˹Ҫ
ŮŮǸǣбԼҲ֪һֱĶԷСط᲻ϰߣ̫ҿ
ǩֻǾ֮Ͷѣҳģúñ֣˵ͷ
ԡ
Է۾һҪ󣬡ǿĺ𡣡
ԡ
Ҳͷ˿ĺյġ
Էõ𰸣㣬۶Ǹˡ
̸ĳԵμˣһȥϣȥˡ
ѶԷ͵ʱǺܲ˼˾ͺã´βҪôصĶˡ
ݶἸţ̹ȥģǵһ˸˲Σи鱦ΣոҶ࿴۾ͰѶˡ
֪ף̴ȼǮ־øǮˡ
ôǮĹôŮ̸ء
İɣ
ɿСѵӣԺϲԷ
߰š
ѵòܼ㣬Ǹ˵ʱɳߴߴ˵ûꡣ
ԶЩľսȷʵͦϲף̴ȵģԷĸ裬ˢķ̸ȻҲ֪ԷƢǺܺã˵ô໰Ĳ᲻
ʵ֤ûвˣΪġ
ܸŮѷϢҲЩϵˣӡ󲻴
׵Уϣף̴ȻʣҪҪȥ̳
ððȥһ̳ףʦȥԵ㶫ɡ
ǿһ쳵·˵㶫ڹҲöˣһ룬һȥףʦĶӣġ
ף̴ȱͻһŪʱ͸ˡ
㣬ѽûء
ҿ
Ҿͺˣ֡
˼ĿŮѻ
һ𾪵۾ɴˣ￴ף̴Ͼĸܻǲ̫һ
˻㣬ֲ˹

Ǻܿһȥ̳
ȥͲ˼˵һ
һ˵Ҫȥ̳æ䡣
ȻǵôŮȥ͹㳡·ãǧȥʲôС̯̯Щ䣬˼ҿˡ
֪ˣ衣
ö˵ѵûһΣҪ㣬ҪȻϴһԸ
Щͷۡ
ǺͨļͥƽʱôԴӰȦÿλҪǳԷ߻ȥǱ߶һ
ѾӦ𣿡
еҲס̫ȻȷʵӦˣҲֻܵͷ㰢Ƕ˵þû㣬ˣŮѵһ*ӦôһԸ˵ġ
ѳ΢ţ֪ˡ
˵ͳȥˣûٶ˵ʲô
죬⺢ӣˣǱġ
һ䣬ʶǳЦʲôȥףʦһֱСһºƤЦģ߰ɣȥ͹㳡
ðð
ӦϾãͶ࣬Ҳʣһɴˡ
ף̴ȵĳȥ
ǺעĿģСسǣһ·϶бĳãĺ˳
ڸʻϴ֡
ף̴ȿʣ˭Ϣ
ҵܵܣģ˵ˣҪȥ̳˵ҲҪ
ϰ԰¼һ˿ǡ
ţɡ
СǴСҲǴһǰС׽˶档
Ŷá
ѷϢ˵̳ʱܵỹûǾȽȥյˣ˳һ¥˼
ԴչʣƽʱжҪô𣿡
ţȻӰ콻ͨ
ŶǱ㣬ǲǺܺð
аɣרҵ
ȦҲǱڵ˴ʻ㶼ܰŪˡ
żмֵͷģǺٺٵģһǧﶼһ
㣬㿴ԺҲӰѧУô
ԽˣȷʵÿһԺĸѧУǡ
뿼ĸѧУ󲿷ַ߻ǱȽϸߵġ
˵üſμٷ֡
סҲΪ˲õĲΡ
ϸӰѧУĴרɣרӦòࡣ
һߣ˲ðɣǵ׶ôô߷ġ
ȫоÿһⶼѡ
ǰѾд
ԣ
㲻Ҫ˵ˡ
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һֱڽߣŮ̸£ѵ棬Եճ˼ˡ
һ¥졣
ף̴һֱû˵Сѣ߾һֱ˵
һߡ
Դһ󣬻û
ܲŮԸȻˡ
ѼʱŮɫԣժ˿֣ȥôСȣǲ̲̫ˣ̫˾ͲҪˡ
ӹ̲裬Һȡ
ӻһ̲ף̴ȣ
ĿýɩȵãOVO
ѣ
ž棬ÿԷˣﶼһ¡
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ֻԼҽ㣬һ޹ʹȥˣڣСȣô
ǿɿɰģٶĲˣһף̴Ҳе㷢
ֻҧŴٺҾͲˡ
ûȻŶԭǱԲˡ
Ҳһ㶣ϰ˵Ȼûע⵽Ůѡ

Сڡ
СԲѽҵĴҺ϶ٺˣҵ
ֺ˵ʱǱģȷʵţٶҲҪûˡ
ף̴򴽣ŤŤŮһ£Լ֪ͺá
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µˡ
ŲԶڳϵһȺˣһһ㣬Ҳûãϵĺܡ
㡣
ż򵥵ĺɫtװ˶Ьվǰ
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ҹϵãΪҴӵԭֻʶ
ῴһۣҲе㲻˵ĺֻôһ
һʱ㻹ǲҪһ
Ѽ˸ռһҪܵӣæ⣬˺ˣ˵һ̳𳳼ܣСᣬҸһ£Ůѣ΢һɩӾͺұò֪ûԡ
˻棬ſʼ¥ߡ
ΪƷû뵽Էֱװ
СȣҪ·𣿡
ţһɡ
Ŷ·㴩Ĺ𣿡
һ߲ҲƷʺܺõѽܹģɩϲʲô·
ף̴û˼˵ѿڣɩƽʱϲƵģȽϺһ㡣
లˡ
ף̴һװ޿⾳ĵ߽ȥһ·ʱ΢΢üһȦȵݹȥˣС㿴ϲ𡣡
һ㶣˲ЩĽĿȥֲҪ̳ԭ·ף̴·
ϲԼ
·һ㣬ʱĻ´ο԰˴۶ȥ
û뵽ɩӿŲ˵Գ˽䵭ģȻô·
ллɩӣңҵ·ģøһǮˣɩʲô·Ҹ㿴¡
׽һ㡣
ף̴ȲóڶԷܾ¼֣ȻҲ΢΢üŮѣ·Լ˵
˶Է˼˵ɩӸļѽзż˻Уģһ£ϴϴ´λٸ·ɩкܶ·򡣡
߶ô˵һС˵ллɩӣһ߽·Ҫȥԡ
㵱Ա󣬾;ȥ·Խһڣ;ÿԴӦˣҸðݡ
ùʱûд·ܶ·ָˣԼûôˣҲûʱȥ򣬾ഩУࡣ
˭ϲ촩Уѽ
ף̴żȥ̳·ҲԴֱӽ˵ģҪ·Ǿ԰ɣ˼ഩźձСȹ¼һǰʮ·
·ЦУСﴩƯҪҪԼ
𣿡
ף̴ȵͷš
һ߿ţỹã˫ֱûʲô飬е㲻Ȼˡ
ϰֳע˵ˣԲһ˵ҲȥɣҸСᣬҲȥ
һߵɫһƬ̣ŵָָԼ𣿡
Ҫͷ˵Ůװ

ǵȻȥװ㡣
Ŷ
ּˣԱ˵Ҳ·ŤŤȥ˼СŮ˵Ҫݣ˿ܻе࣬ҪǾòڣϾھƵɡ
һ綨˾Ƶꡣ
ף̴ȹĿŮһۣôһһߣ
㲻ʶӷ
ᣬӷǾһߡ
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ܾãСҲίˡ
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û˵ʵԺܸоϵĵӸˡ
ȥʱѽӵĵ绰ȥ˻дˡ
뵽ڼһˣ;ͷۡ
Ҳֻøĵ
ף̴Ůܶβˣ³ǣŮ֡
·̯ʱͣ£ʾԷǱ̲軹
ҺöԷˣǮһ
Ɑɫģǰû
ţСطеģȺȣϲ͸Һȡ
ף̴ǳǳһڣͦͦģ˵Ϻòúȣаɡ
ỹûȥոںʱָ죬ǣΪʲôҪҽ㣬ԷӦҲҽ㣬ȻǾͻˣİҪĲˡ
ȻѣȥҼ𣿡
ţȥ
ݺӦþͲˡ
ͬʱŽ߰㣬ҼҺúõ㼱ʲô
ƾʲôÿζȥҡ
ҽΪʲôҼңϲҲҼҵģ
ۼҪڳгæǵ죬ͷۣÿǶȥʲôóģһѩ⣬ˡ
˸Է˸ԳѩڻӰĺ
Ĭ
ȰͻȥŤͷٿ
ף̴ڸʻϣŮѣ룬Ҫ´β˰ɣоͲ̫ˡ
һͣ¥£ͱһȺ˰Χˡ
ѣ
ף̴ûⳡ棬ó̲סüЩ˭ôôûʡ
ôûò˶Ƚʡ
С塣
ְֵĵܵܡ
ף̴û˵ˣ˿˳ųȥΧڳԱߵ˲һ㡣
һȺ۾ˣ˹˹Ӱֻڵ￴ĳƺŻǵA66666һͲͨ
ѺЩ˴඼ʵϤܶ඼Ǽ̸ǱߵݣֻЩεĵͷûôˣԷǺ飬Χ¥ַھӶ̲ס֣Ϊͨأ֪ĸеɤô󣬺һǻˣһΧŵ˾ͱˡ
ѣ
ֻͬЩʧţæ¥ߣ˼ܲŰЩЩݺܿˣһ¡
Сһǲʶģʵ˭Զ׼ЦкСѣһŮѰ
Ůѣף̴ȡ
Цȴûк׽
ˣף̴ȻҪժֺ˴к
ŮѿһժԱȫ
սŮѵ֣ЩԹôôѽ𣿡
оһһࡣ
Ծ㵽˾ЩΣæתƻ⣬ôôණոճȥӴС
Ը˵˵Ǳͱɩģ˺ܶ࣬һҪٶء
ҲˣЩ˼ŮЦ绨ѽСѸŮƷˡ
ǴСúá
Ц˵
ѴϰԿʵЦݣף̴ȴѾòȥˣôΧǿɫ䵭ĲУɢһϢ
л˵
[ͷ]


70 
ݶڿ,иݻкף̴ȹȥԱߣԵ衣
ף̴û̧ͷŮ,Ҳһ,СһֱǺһ,ô˼,϶ϰߡ
ί,ȥһѿӣЦŶС˵,СϲԼ
Се,ͷ˶ϲԼ
ף̴Ůѵ֣ϡ
һ,,С
ҲСѼ˶ȥ
ΪСҪһڿ,Ȼȷʵе㲻ò,ǶԷȴֻǰֱ,ѽ,ȥ
ף̴ȣ
ȥ
Ϊһ㣬һ,˵ȻҲ
Ц˵,ܳԵĲˡ
԰԰,Сտ,ǴС,ҼǸԸ
ף̴ȿ,һ·˶ڿŮĺһ
ȻðһɻǿӲǳȥԡ
һ㶣ĿŮѡ
Ҳһ㶣æ˵ȥԸȥԶǮԼڼҳҪ˶ʱġ
ԷǲС
ף̴ȶҪЦˣһӵˣˣ
Ҫ˶ʱ䣿
粽ãȥԣǸǮ
ǮǸ𣬾͵СǰТˡ
Ҳе㲻ˣ׷Բ·˲һҪǽȥһɣôôһء
ǻǼҪڼԷף̴ɫ䵭ҪôȥԣҪôҺСѾˡ
һʱû뵽ף̴ȻƢһҲһ
ջطԼʱԾ㿴һ£һ˵ҪߣʱˣܹȥɩӣϲסڼҪ𣿱߰ķ컹ɨһء
еΣһۣڰ֣סôס档
úסΪʲôסҽͲסˣǲһ˰
ûãΪý㲻ס϶Ҫˣ
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ף̴Ǳ߷ƬĵĵգСѴһֻСߣɫ㣬ҫۼˡ
ûõյ̴㲻ģֻһӿѵ΢
СȵƬ
ôôСˣԲôģֻСԺܲܶСȺһ㡿
ͦóԵģ̫ˣСܲһţҪųôĶ֪ĻʲôԵġ
ˢһֱۣ࣬ҲȻ𳪸ĺǲ̫ܳؿڵĶɤӣŤͷȥףʦЩΣףʦǸǲǲ̫ܳѽ컹һԣԺҲôˡ
ȥŸջ꣬۵ա
ʲôҾͳڣûµġ
ԾЩûڣС˵ԺôҵĻԾ;ܾңҲԵġ
ף̴˵Ļ


72 
ڶһ,˾ʰȥˣϼΪ飬׷׳,ȰǿԶ,ף̴Լֱ,ƯС΢,ҡͷ,˲ˣǻй,ܴ̫,Ȼȥˡ
йͷţ˼Ҳ˵ʲôˣֻܵͷĿ뿪
ѿĳף̴һ,ﳤ˿,ˡ
̲Сѵĸĸһ
ԺҪٻȥ,ȥСҲί
˼һļҳ,ϵɸȶ,һ·Щԥԥ,ֹӡ
ڣڶԷٱϺף̴޿,,㵽˵ʲô,һʲô˵ʲô𣿡
С,ǺҲֱŵ۾,С,ҵĸĸˣҪȥ㸸ĸ𡣡

ҲҲ˵ɣʵҲԡ
ٶ顣
ûв
ǡ尢̻᲻᲻ϲҰǻһǧ뿪𣿡
ף̴ȣʲô߰ġ
̲ס뵽˹˶һԣü˼ǣҰһǧҪ뿪ң
ѣ
˵仰
ûѽûѽΪʲôҪ뿪㣬һǧҲ뿪㡣
һǧԼУ
ߣҪǸΪǮ뿪ңˣ֪𣿡
ֲ֪Ҹ
Լ˵Ļײˡ
Ҿ᲻᲻ϲѽ
Сȥ޹ˣף̴ȶ˶٣ϣᣬǺϲ㣬֮ǰˡ
Ǿͺá
Сȵļ˲ϲ
ϾСҪһֱڵ۶ģԼǱߵ˻Զ룬棬ȥһҲû⣬Сȴ
ҪʱӴġ
ȥͰʱһ棬ȻȥǼǽ𣿡
ȻۣͬŮͬǺϷġ
Сˡ
Ѿȣʲô
û뵽飬ֻҪҳСⶼѾʼǽˣ
⣬᲻̫ˣ
ÿ죿
ף̴ɫ˲һ¾ֱͦ˼æҡͷ첻죬Һ޲ϾͺСȽ飡
ʵϸһ룬ĺܺãԼļˣСߵġ
ף̴һ⻹ࡣ
Ůѱ¶һ˿һһ˼Ʒ
ٺ١
СЦɵӡ
˴ĳڻصǣѽϷҪģ֮ǰĵӰԤʱҪҪǩۻᡣ
ͦæġ
֮ף̴Ⱦûôæˡ
ţʲôҲɵţһдһţֲš
˹ϵҵҲ˴Ĳʲôʱ֡
ϾҾ̫ˣ⣬ȥͲһӵġ
Ȼû֪Ѿʼżĸˡ
ף̴Ǳߺ͸ĸкףҰ豾һ棬ȻӦ˵ʱʱճġ
ףҲʾԼʱ䣬һԸ㷹
Ϊºܽţ˺Щ·һһԹȥͣұ尢ϲʲô͵Ů
ף̴ȷʤǶҪڴϺú׽ģϱ·Ļˡ
ռ˶ʱ䣬ܲˡ
ڣһ·Դʱһֻ˳ֺնߡ
һ±ŤͷͼŮѣԹЩãֻǼѣûҪÿ춼ţҪƽʱûܲܶ࿴ң
ǵȥЩ·ʲô
һˣ·㻳Ȼȹĸÿÿ
񾭲
ѻеûӦƵģɵɵ˵ÿ춼ڿѽûв㡣
ף̴ƵҪѡˣȥҰҲ˵ʲôġ

ԲҴСҲǸǣѿġ
ҲǾҪ˼ҵ˼ǣôǶ˵ʲôģ㲻Ҫˣ࿴ң
ܲܶһţ
СίҶˣûҪҪҹ
ǰÿζʵġ
ػضУôȻʧȥˣͲˣƯˮĴ۾գգ˿˾ۡ
Ѻ֪Ҳ˵м֮ģң·ˣԲǲǶˣȥһ⽺òã簾ļ󣬺ܺóԵġ
Ŀϣף̴õ۾ŴӦãͳ⽣һһ¡
ѩ.µСյԷǰһǣġ
ף̴ȺЩ㣬˫̸Ůȥˡ
ŮѸְ⽣ףȻ⽡
˶ʮ߸˵ҲҪһ㣬Ϸô۶ˣԳһҹġ
ף̴ȲȺ㣬ϲ簮
Ҳֻǵͷţһһ㡣
ǰǴҹġ
Ȼ緹ҲԣҲԣСһˣһͶˣӲ͡
ҺСѵ飬˶ʵ٣ƽʱְԵ嵭û
˳ҹ󣬺ܿˣڶѵһӰȻֻǸСǣŶӶӣ˺ܶƣȦڲǶ
ԼܣȽЩǸһμ۷һѵģһЩһŮǣҲæˣ˾벻ǣǺǿСȵϷģ֮⣬վȻҲæˡ
ӰȫⲿӰصģxxxxxxµӰһȥֶ֡
ѾϰˣǰһЩڷۻ䲻ף̴ȣ治ѸˮһͬеTOP1
ӰһֺȻճף̴ʲôʱʼϲѵģ
·˿˶㶣ⲻѾιü𣬻Ų⵫ҪԹϵȥȻĬˡ
ʲôף̴ȸһǳרŵĲ
ʲôѣ
ʲôѳǵʱյһڲŸ¼ꣿ
֪ף̴ȵĿλӲκǳ
·е㲻˻һ飬һΪף̴ڲμ֮ǰѾˡ
̴֮ǰ˵ģߺߣ֤ˣ
̴˵ֿʼĵĲ֪Ϊˡ
ţָİŮдרĲֻһдģ
Сô˭
þûôĸˣǲǸϱСдر氡
ˣҪһٱ顿
ʲôʱСѺСҲһһϷһʲôģǷŵǳԳԡ
¥ϻǱˣСֲԱôȥϷ޷ھֱӣ̫ˡ
Ҳˣö˲²СϲˣŻostһ룬̵ġ
ٺ١
ȥţȻװĵݹȥһֱֻ˻ӣСȣˡ
Ѷ˵ʵǺƽˣף̴ȻǴչȥһۣȻȻ*
ü㿴Щˣ
ףʦѩһ¾ͲµΪʲôˡ
ѺЦСʣ㵽ǲ֮ǰϲѽ
ף̴ӭСڴĿ⣬˶٣ʵ֪ǡ
Сʧͷ
˵ȷʵμ֮ǰ֪ˡ
֪ѽһ˵ˡ
һ棬˵ǵ
ף̴ȵͷֵҵ˼ģʱһøС
һھֻϿѣһϲˡ
ȻһֱԸϣȷʵסӣֻǴҴɨһ۶ѡ
Ҳڣ֪ԭԼϲС峺⣬ĵԸ
һøҲУСܿԼã˵ףʦϿף̴ô㲻üΣʲôСһˣ˻һ㡣
ѩ޳һľ˺һڿУ˾һ£Ҳһ¡
СԽԽСˡ
Ǻܿɰ
ף̴ôţûԼһƵڴϡ
Ҳֻһ˯㣬ɵĺܣױ£촽׵ĵطףʦҪϲңֻϲң֪𡣡
ֻһף̴˵ģ쾹ȻܴŮ
һӾãŮѶٹ֣Ҳһˡ
ϾҲܰңܰҵĻҾͿ԰һ㡣
ף̴Ųӣǡ
ҹ¶ŨĿҲ֪˶òͣ¡
ڶ죬һƵ˵ҲĲУһſһϿԼֿˣۡ
ף̴ȸСڵȥװǶҵģ
ߡ
ŤͷСίףʦôˣףʦϲ𣬲ҪҺϲףʦ
ףʦףʦףʦףʦ˵
һζе
ף̴ͼ֮һܿѡ˼߿߶߶ġ
ףʦѾʼҷ𣿡
СίԱ۾һͺˣȥ
ף̴żȻûжˣ˵СҲˣĻͷȴԼţۿͨ죬ߵĿ

޿̣ף̴ҲװͰ͵ģίʲôڱŪĲ𣿡
ܣίġ
ѿСһۣװŤСţҲίңȥ緹ˣʲô
⸱ģ˵Ҫȥ緹ȥˣף̴ȸоԼҪǺˣʱϲ
ˣԼҪŪģڻƢ
ף̴üչȥһ㣬ͦؿڼҪιߣһ˳Եıͼװԭǻԥûס죬һȥ
ף̴ȣ
ȻһֹȻ˵ĸо
ֻԣ첻ˣϻҪȥҰ衣
š
ӦĹԹԵģҲˣһСȰһ·һμСȵļˣҪúñ֣ڸˡ
ڴ꣬ΪˣӦǳȥ߳ԵʲôĳСҪܣȥһȦ緹ֻȥˡ
ף̴ȿһ·ޱ飬⼸С·Ѿˡ
ڻҪ
СȣĲûܾˣ˵Ǵ黨ȹһ㣬ǴеȹӺһ㣿
ף̴ޱ飬硣
Ŷ尢̻᲻᲻ϲѽ
ᣬʲôòϲģǺܿѡѡҪָȥ
ǿ
˼ҳ͸ýˡ
֮ǰȻָҲԷϾģϣһ㣬Ѿȥ߼۹õıʯǶˡ
ôǶʽԼѡ
֪֪ˡ
.
ѽŵΣڵ˼ҳʱ䡣
׼õȻһ·˵ƶܽţŤͷŮһۡ
ף̴ֻǳԸѣˣ¸·ͣ£ɡ
ܲˣ״̬·Σա
Ŷ
ʵˡ
ڸʻϣЩţûȥĳϡ
Լˣҳ·
һףʵҲеţϾŮҲǵһμŮ˵Ŷǲܵġ
Ҳڷʰ˺ܾãųɳϵţɲ˵ۣûö˽һ¶Է
ף˽ºѼˣ⣬ֻؿɳϣȻף̴ȷϢʲôʱ򵽡
Ϣյģ˻֪Է룬ֻһۣЩŵ̧ͷףʦ㷢Ϣʲôʱ򵽡
ţ˵Ϳˡ
Ŷ
ʵ֣ͽ㣬СѣС˵Ϳ쵽ˡ
СѵϢ
ףַһ䣬·עⰲȫ
/Сͷ
˺ܿ쵽ףңķԶԶˣæܻȥˣС㣬СŮѻˡ
ˣȰѳ
ףһ˵һ߹صӣɲ֪͵͵׷ۣ𳤱
ͣĵط߽Ҫһʱ䣬ףͳûСȵ˼ǾֵĴȰһ㣬Сһ㣬Ҫڵ۶
㲻˵֪
ף־üֱС˼ϵİ˰֡
ף;֪ǿСѵְҵԱǷĵġ
ȻǷַӵ
ԷӦĺܸɴ࣬ǲף;òס
Ҫ˵ʲôѾſڽˡ
ѲǵһγСȴǵһνţɫΪһʶͽУ̺ããͽá
ף̴ȸҪأŮѾһˡ
ЩΣʾɨ˸ĸһۣڣСѣǲ𣬽ˡ
ףֶⳡϺͱ׽ʱӣ˫ֱһȰ͹ȥˣСѰǾС㣬͵Լһ̫н
ãõġ
ӦĿ죬ȴһ£ףʦһֱһûôȥ绰ʱ
ˣǿĿġ
ףҰ̬ȶܺãģҲܹɳϺԱ۲ۣƽʱʲôĽɫ᲻۸һһˣףԱһ䣬Сһ˭۸
СƤӵ۸Ůѣˡ
ҲǣʹˣϲСĻĿģپؼǣҲͺˡ
ǰСڼסŵʱ򻹺ãԴ̸Ůѣʮ½вˣŮһ
ҲʹˣʱһֻҵǸŮߡ
˶ôãѸûܾ͵ͷӦ
ף̴ȣ
㲻ҵ
û
ĬˣֻҪСѴӦҲͬƵġ
л˵
컹һ£дд[ͷ]ķˣ


73 
ףҵԵĺܸ,ϸֱסףңС˯һ䣬߸˵Ůֱ,²ϲжȥ
,úã
һĽ
а,ϲ
ţ
ϲǾסͺˡ
Ҽҹ𣿡
ף̴̽һ,û뵽ԷӦĺܸܿɴ,ͷ,԰,ȥҹģýһȽϷ϶ϰԼҹˡ
һҲÿζؼҹġ
ף̴ǳЦ,,Ա
˵ĳƺ,Сһֱ˵,Ҳѧˡ
ٺ,ס
СѺ,̸𣬾һֱ
ף̴εš
ʵҲϲ
ҪӣС
Сѡ
ỽһ
ţ
׵𾢶,ãȻ̧ͷ,ôô
ûô
СԼ,ҡҡͷ
Ŷ
˵ûʲô,Ѿ,,βһЩױֵĵطϾסڳˣֻԽԽ¡
ڶ죬·µ鲼ۣϵĺܡ
ϢĲһѾϱˣ˱ķ̣˶˯ŵʱѾʼˡ
ף˾ȥϰˣףҰҲûˣʰСû
̲˵ССȥˣû
ܣ
׷׷𾢶Ȼ֪гܵϰˣűһܣŮҲһܣû뵽ϰ߻ˣڡ
Ѻʵˣеģټ˵һطĺ棬ǣȥ˳ͽ˵ط͡
ǵ۶ĸҲܹͣ
һ緹ȥһǧ飬ֱǮ鶼ǻ㱵ģſŮãȻʣŵ𣿡
ף̴ȣ
ЦأǣԳԿ
˶ҲסƬ뿪պʵûټˣԷէȻԼԷ߾Ͷˡ
һ£߹ȥףС㣬С㣬Ҳڣ
ţܼѼѣþòЦŴк
ȷʵܾûˡ
˶ҲЦЦʣ𣿡
ððһԣķù󣬻ڼҳԱȽϻ㡣ССС
ţȷʵһЩˡ˶治ɫ͡
ף̴һֻ֧°ͣҵǹܿġ
ѣ
ɫŤһ£Цֻһ˵⣬𣬹ֲζͦõġ
˶û˵ʲôȥ⡣
Լѵ˼ͣ˵ɡ
˵꣬Сʱ¶ʹģСʵġ
ţ
ҸոѾǮˡ
˶üðɣǾ´ΰɡ
š
ҾϿǵϢ
ҳ𣿡
ѯʡ
գգ۾е㲻˼
ֻӦһʣҲ𣿡
Լ򴽣ʲôǣǱ˶ȥµġ
û뵽˶ȴͷˣš
ۣϲϲǻȥ֤𣿡
Լһ㶣ʶȥ˵СѵĹ
Ŷ
ôǴ֤𣿡
԰֤ٲ񡣡
ǰʱһҪҹȥ뿴
ðð
ֺ꣬ףʦһЩŰ뿪
ףס죬ףһȫҸ
ȫҸѵţǳϵİȹǹĻȶÿˡ
˷һһԷƬ΢΢Ҳ֪Ѿҳˡ
ܸо½
ྵԵʱ˭뵽Ǹôȶء
᲻е̫ˣʶ¾Ҫҳ
ʲô죬Һ޲ܺǵϲƣСҪúõѽ
ǰģڲϢѾ׼֤ˣ
һǧˣ˿·˶׷ڲϢ
һ˸Сѣ̴ë̴˵Լ΢ܣ
ֳ㣬ٵ¼΢ˣǺɰתѣڣҪףʦ֤
̸Ҳˣȶͦģ᲻е̫ˣСѲŶʮͷ
û˼ظҸСѡʱأѡ˾֤ϾȻô֪ˡ
õϴ𰸿ȥ΢ĺɣ
ᣬŽ飬һҲԡ
ѻָĿʽǱ߸˺üʯѡ۾ˣʶأףʦͲСˣ㶨°ɡ
ף̴ȷ˰죬ǿһʽõǰúΪǵĻ¾ģȻֻ
ףʦĳĬһ۶Էں˭죬Ȼһ˵¼ڵҲΣϢôˣСʹ𣿡
Ȼŵһæͷףʦ𣿡
ƺûĲԡ
ף̴Цأǲʹˡ
ذ׵ָ˵ֻĻ
һ£Ƭ̲ŷӦԼ¼ٿţ顭
ССȣ˵ģûʹ˼
⻰Ų̫ŷף̴ޱĿ
Լ죬һ˵ɶأⲻ궿ˡ
ûʹûС
ԣִȥţСʹҲϲģֻҪףʦҶϲ
ף̴ȵָĿڣ꣬ʲô󣬲ŲأҸղ˵ˣףʦ˺òã
ǸʱԵĺܣֽ
ף̴ֻװͰ˵Ҳûãֻܸҽ飡
˶ߵˣÿǣĶû
һ𣬼ֱΣ
ûûӣ˵ϲףʦģôףʦʹ󡣡
Ųء
Ѻֻף촽ֺõǡ
ˣҿ϶飬ֻ飬ҶȦˣڻᱻ˵Ůġ
㻹
µµģµĺܣˣԺһס죬ҷģ
Сָ췢ġ
ף̴ȿһ棬ɫŻһЩţüʹˣȲˣ
ûУôôãҾһº죬˵СԵһȣʶ˵ˣףʦԭҰɡ
ѽף̴Ȼıˡ
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ȷûʲô췢ԣŷֻԼŮѣԺֻ˵ˣ㾭Ҫǲͬǽ飬ңڱҡ
Ŷ
Ӧһ
ŤͷͰЩԭ
˲Լһִ˿ˣ¼ȫף̴ȿˣ
ҲҪ
ˡ
ƽʱ㲻ΪҪң
͵͵غϢȰҲҪ̫飬ҲŻô˵ģһףʦһء
֣Ҳеί
һҲˣûк˱ˣ˲ˡ
⻹࣬ҿҲǸԣϢȥ˿ʧҿɲ㡱
߸˵꣬Ǳ߰ãڷһϢܡ
ûбû֣˻ɾе㲻ˣףС㣿
Էַһš
ɾԼҪˡ
ôʱ޿̲һ
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ȻҡҡͷҲŲҪݼͦãԼԵġ
־ܾңǻС
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һ˵һߺ˺Ĵ꣬˱
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ָº󣬵һҪ¾ǵǼǽ顣
˾ϸѡѡۣۻǳɫģĶܺãϺԵϸ籡Ŀˡ
ٴñӺͿ֣ȫװĳȥ֡
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ǴʵˣһȺۣҵ޵ϣΪʲôҪŪôʵ
ֱеף̴֣Ⱥݵİһ˲
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ѣ
ŵŵ֣һ½ȥˡ
ˣ˽
ڴҪˣŵ˲࣬Ǳʾǻô飬û뵽ȻҪˣ
ţʶ飬ûаأҲ̫ȶһ㡣
Ž֤һӽ˵Ŀϴ
еΣŸϽˡ
ϾǵǼǽϢ˵ۼǴֳ
ö˸˵ԼҲˣ󣬣ף̴ѵǼǽ飣һѡ
Ҳֱ΢ԼСȵĺ챾˵ѳױˣһĶǸѶѹȥˡ
裬ӵһcpྵcpͽˣ
Ǹܺãû뵽õôͽ飡
ȦձζҪһԴԺ˶Ƿһۣͬ棬Ҳͬеգһ˸õˣֳʲô£˶Ӱġ
֤ˣϲƻԶ𣿡
оͿˡ
ϲƣϲƣ
϶˾лҲûˮҽˮ˵鲻ˡ
֮ǰ˵ڮǵģڻڼء
ûˮٸҽǵĵ
ЩˮΧ˲ֹһ㣬ף̴ȵĻҲĻ
һֻͨǱܲ³ж׳۵ʢһġ
Ȼֻף̴ߵģǱߡ
ѵĸĸûɻ۶ü˻ذܴӦ
ȥذ񣬿϶첻õģһֻһΣ᲻ףʦίء
ҵʱЩҪգڻǶ˼˼ӣϲ
Ѽᶨľܾˡ
ϰֺ綼ϸķ޲棬һҲû
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