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1
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Ծһͷصͷһϴֱ̨
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ƽѣż֮ͻᵽˡ
ţžӣƵļһԼ׼ЦݣԲԲ۾Сպֲá
ûκ⣬λѿ϶е顣
Ϊ˽죬صذм̣׼һ嵭ʢĽӷ硣;Ͷ٣Է϶Ҳˣڼ򵥳һ١ȲϢһȥ档˵ص湥ԡ
Ͼǿƽصذտѡ
԰Ľ㣬꣬³ᣬЦӯӯȹƮƮʲôĺãֻalphaҲһСëͷݺϲĶ
ţԼһֱƽϲáڶƽһ߰㡢AOӦоеİĽʱҲвʤֻǸĴ飬Ҫƽ㣬ŵóѣв
һ뵽Ǹ飬ʱæ˦˦ͷԼĶ
ѧƣǰȥˣƽպͼҲ٣ֻмڻع棬ƽʱʲôϢΪǸѣصظ˼ε绰
Լҽ޼죬ȻһڴӦȻƽ㣬ϣϲҽ׷ӣʱԿ׸Ҳмףϲĸ
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Զ粨Ȼᣬ͵ͬһ㣬һҲ̲ס΢Ц
ģλѵе⡣岻̫ãҲ룬ܲܰסһҶտһ㡣
Ŀǣϸ¼ˣʮ׽ѡ
ﹾཷᣬȴȻҪúôӦڴõӡ֣û⣬ƽ㣡ȫҰɣ
лл㣬ƱЦҲɿɿĴˣܰæˡ
ԣڵ绰ͷٺٺ١ɵЦ
Ƶûص˵λѵĵڶԱ𣬲Ҳûν
ڻٳûзֻŵĲŵĶ첻κӰ죬ȥҽҲ鲻ʲô͵ԼǸŲϢصbetaˣͦ㡣ǡƽҲǰûС
֮Ѵ⣬Ҫƽλǰúñ֣öԷڴΪԼԼ䣬ƽշ־ܳٳûзֻԼȴѲԭǸɵˣǸɿصĴˡ
ԼΪ˼ƻĵһ˵ػӭλصѡ
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ԾһۣȷԼֲãɱﵽ˴ǰ
վһ׼Цݲõشš
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ֶֻǴƷϢ˵Լһѣ滳ǰȥޡ˵ǸСãҪ滳տһ㡣
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滳лˣҲƽߣȭĳɹƮƮģһקͳˣһ㷴ضûС
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ҪǷڣ͵
˵ԼҡҪߣҲҪ滳ٻߵʱȥƽǰװ״ľԼˡ
ΪдˣԴɨһȾװƿʻһաҪ֪滳סͲ밢̴ɨˣѼŶԣǸԽԽã
ԽԽƣ̧Ժһ䣺ҪͬԼҪסͱأ֪𣡡
ԾĵģҲ֪ûС
ջòйַƸһֱʱΪ׼
ļԣճԼסʱˣǸͦͰĳҲ֪Ҫ׼ӷ硣һֻﾲĵģֻڿ˿ûеڶ˵Ӱ⡣
԰ǰ˵Ľӷ磬𣿡
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Ͳ롣ãû˺Լƽˡ
ǰָ滳䵭ָ߰ģ
ҧһڵҧÿ֨죬Ǹ˵Ӱʧ
ᣡ


2
ڶ硣
аҴԣѾȥʮĸСʱˡһҲ滳ģʱȥôãʼһ춯ûС
İеʮ⡣
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ˣһζûɣ
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ԼûйϵԭԼģʱȥȴ̲ס
緹ûһܳˮ̣ӺܿдһͿͿĸĵͬ򣬱ڿŴԵŷ˴
Ͼƽ㲻ǰԼҪտԷһЩ
ţԥԥץǷͬߵ˴ǰȴûµš
һСħ˵ǸĴ飬ʲô˵ǳĻˣҲûĸ˻
һСħ˵Լңԥʲôûһžˣôࡣ塪
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滳ҲЩ⣬ڣ㡭
ҡ𡣡֪ΪΣײԷ⸱ȻЩ飬ѿڶҼңҪҼңⷿҲû취סˡҲլҡ
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վ⣬һ֪ûʶ˭ȥͲ೤ʱˣҲûС
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ǵˮ©ӣƺе㲻һ˵ﲻͬţŤҲ˵ȥˡ
ֲʾŻææͳԼдõͬһ˶Щָʹ̧̧°ͣԼ
滳Ǳ㽫ųĲֽչĿ⡣
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滳˵ͷû˵תͷ뿪̧űŵɵһŤ
ôȲҪŰһӲ룬סԼңԼû˵ᣬⷳ˵Ĵƾʲôôǡ
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СĻѾȥһ˰ɣʣദô
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ֶԼֻ滳㲻ʮһ·ݵұ㻹ء
Ŷ滳üëȻƽ޲ȴ͸¶ʮʮĲţ𡣡
͸š滳һۣתߡ

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ҡҡλ³ӻ뿪ŷּ¥ݡ
ȥ˶ֻ࣬ЩĵľƾϷû˸ҹľƣûȼֻ΢Щշȣǰһж˲ɵĹΡ
ΪƾŤŵָЩʱֿһյĵƣǺڰһƵĵ졣
ԴӦ˺һԼѾ滳סһˡ
ԣǸ
Ӹһ֮ǰѾŲ˹Դ֮
شƣԲΣǷĵʱԱ߿ɹ̫ģǿա˿̣滳ףŵ԰칫ŶƺҲûз
Ǻܻҵط룬ȷʵĵط֮һˡ
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ʲôܺЩƣȴڵġʱֹԼ޶˵룬ֲɵͷ񾭲ࡣ
ǰﴧŵԿ׷ϡⷢһ졣
ι㡣˵ƽտ㡣𣿡


3
𣿡
滳Ļ̧ͷֻһѺ˵׼ƽȾġ
˭㡪ۿԼҪߣʲôסҵķӣҵĶ滳Ҿ̬ȣ
дŵġ滳һۣƽҪҪǰװԼڡͻȥˡ
㡪
Լ滳ֻǼʮڹоԵʹȨڶ¥飬ĽΪ׼еʮߺʮ
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ԼСʱµġǴζ硣
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촽û˵ó滳ֻǴ۲ٿԼĶأԴ߹ˡ
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š۸һίͰ͵ôӦҪ滳ǱˣҪΪежôӯаԵˣᡭΪﷳźȾƵġ
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Ȼֻ֮ͳ׺ͨ绰Ƶģֿʼ˵صر滳ֲš

ٳûлӦƵЩżˣôˣʲôˣ
ԽԽ滳ѿ˿ڡ
㣬ҡ


4
צƵıϣ滳ķһʮּѵԼĴûʲô£ֻǺˡ
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һŷԼɳűϻһӦôҡϵ̺ůë޲Ƥ
⾡ﾲĵģûеڶڡ
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ǴѧڣʷϵƽսҲ̿ƵĲ渵һϿξͷŸѣԼְɮƵģǹǷ졣
ᣬֻԶЩǷʵԼְ
һôơӣץʱ¡ͺϹ죬ѡЩûе»
˵ʦѣѼʦҲЩѣѧϰѧϰҪǺ;һ𣬺أֻѧЩϰ
˵ġ죬˼ҲԸѲ˼Ҷˡæأ˭Ұ
ҲЩæ˰ุʱ־ͬϣȻͨĻ飬Һ裬ڸԵҵѧҵ·żȻʶġ
һ㲻ǵ£ڵ绰ͷֱ졣
Ҳ֪ٻϣġุ˵ţۼҵֻңңæңң㻹СأҪôˡ
֪֪ͷۣⲻǱûô
Ļѧ̵ְֻҪѧˣһЩҲûϵġͣ㻹ûֻҲöˣ㿴˼ҡ
ˣ̶ġ˼ҵĺӡڡͷ۵ر˱۾֪Լְֵ߶óܳʱ䣬ɴ̱ɳС
һ룬ְֿ˵Ǹ֣һӴɳﵯæȥᡣ
˼СܣǸ滳ĺӣҲСģܶˡ
͸֪յֻͲ۾ȥƳԵţûСڵʮа˾ȫǸĴ飡
ǰʱ䣬˼һ̸ء軹˵˼СССһһʲôëر壬ĿҲ͵ģѾʽˣ㿴˼ҡ
滳˰ɣ
֣֡æֹĻ⣬ô֪ҺȾˣϸ绰ˣ
СƸҵġุҵµĻ⣬Ҳ֪ϰ߻ôҿСǸͦͦĺӣﰡְ֪㲻˵߶㲻ͦϲСƵ𣿾ͶĻչ˺Լ
ƽ㣿
ƽô֪ģ
ԼְֵţüһȻһӡ
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ûϻص֮ļˣҲ֪϶ѰͻؼԺ滳ɳϣȻƽ绰״һɺͻ͹Լжô棬ƽ
ĻĻ϶ǲġ
أԵͷԾࡣ
ңƽ㻰ﻰҲǸʮͣ˵滳桢̫̿ˣûȱġԼ϶Ǹɼ˵С
ƽҲǣҲǣǸ͡ʲôǡ
ͰְֵĺӣҲʶƽģȴˡ
ΪľƾԽԽίڹ˵绰Ҳûкתͱ̺ɳﶢŵȻ֨һԵſˡ
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滳˵Բ𡣡

ЩؿǰӦԼǸֻȻһôԼ˳ӰȴŽĻ
̫ˡͷ
ʲôɵǸģ
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ֱӿʣǲƽ״ģ
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Ǹ߸Ĵ顣һ㶼ѱ˷
ɱ˫ĺ۾ŵʱҪһԼ۸˶ԷĴ
滳԰׵ĲϻǵԼµİ̺ۣʯϵһĴۡ
ðɡĪƲĿ⣬Ѹ˵Ҫȥˡ
ݲ˵˻˼תߣעĿＸĶӡ


5
Ϊƾζ̫ŨԺĳЩ䣬滳о㡣
ȻҲܸûκԭ
󲿷ʱ򣬶ûκԭ
Щоϯʱǲġ֪ǷΪΪҩЧ滳ٳ޷ѹֻڹȥج޷ʹŤѪӶͷϲϲϵӿͯꡣ
ѪûĽףܿСȣȻû
СС滳վǡãֱѪֻӿֻ֣׳ʹԨ
Ѿȥǰ𣬻ŵٴβһţʹţЩɲġӼЦ
ܹʱ亹ԳԴеһΪԼԴһج
˿û滳Լڴϡʹʶ֪ʱȥ˶áֱԽԽʶ糿Ѿ١
ӦġҪúóԷ
ȥܶ鷳ġ
뷨ʹһԼ塣񶾵ԲԺ滳ʰԼ߳ҡ
ʱΪЩ滳ȷʵûġֱץסֱۡСűߣجʹű
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תߣֻʣ±ȷǰһʱҲû˵й˼ֻķҵԼĿȱǰ
񣬼ǻزȥˣȥķҲֻԼһûʲô˼ңңѾˣҪЩңңϵѣ֪Էʲôӡ
ַſһ徻ɴӰ﷭ǦʺͲֽͷ˲ݸ
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ʱ򣬺ǳȺӡϷȥֻɫС˵ȥѩ
ͷʱڱʼ⡰ɳɳş֪̌ͷͷɫȫˣϵӳڵǳƵƹ⡣
Ѿôˣ׼ظصʱҲûм滳ӰӡΨЩǡڳʹõĺۼ
̨еúܳףһȾֻгߺͲ˰ˮһ߻ûϴɾӦ滳ùˡ
ЩۼʱųٳʶԼ֮ǰû°ʹõļ󣬾ͺֻһסԼסʱҪɾ
Ǹûù𣿻ǹëÿú󶼻÷ǳǳɾ
֪Ϊʲô뵽ԺкȻ滳һҹ磬ȹƾɡŽڳͰ͵شɨģ
Ӧǻҹְֺļĸɣ˦˦ͷԼֵ롣ӦøģÿܶһΣ󲿷ִɨͺá
ôһȻʶЩԾ
ȻԷÿÿɾô컹ʣЩˮ
ѵΪԼǵõЭ飬һŵĶͱ֮ض˷䡪
滳ɴ࿪˿ڽˣ滳𣿡
ûлӦ


6
ҽԺʱѾֻмˡ
Һҵ滳ġӵĲӿţֻĵĿæµĻʿʱŵμܡ̣Һμ䴩
λţ滳ֻڳһͷǽڳ˯šŵΣֱϲźɴ
ͦصġ룬ŵڳˡ
ҽԺﲻԶͨĹģ滳˵ԼҽԺʱԷô˵ҲǸܲãּҴҵ˵˽ҽԺء
ʱ޹ûϵʽֻæҵȥҴҪĺ룬һʱʲôõĿܶ뵽ˡ
룬ǸôᣬһһûеӣҪʲô˭ܰߡһ
ڵ绰ͨˡ
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˭ˣԣֻеһ˼滳ǲֻ˵ôһ䣿ûµʲôǸġ
绰һͷһ
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͸ҩˮһΡһε׹ȥҲģɴֳֻŲ滳˴
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䲻ͬڸԣ滳ԵòΪˣȥһʱ
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ţԾ֣ҪȥԷǵǳǳİ̺ۡ
ָⴥƤҲ΢΢ģ

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˵ˣǿĪĸĹ
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滳˵𣿡
΢΢Ŵ˴δ֪ĵһ
Ȼͷ˻Ҳ̫˰ɡ
滳ԱͷʾԼ֪ˡ
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ƿҩˮƻҪٹһ滳һȻе㲻ڣƫƫԵ滳ɫƽֻһԷ
״Ҳֻεȡֻ㷭һܿڰԵεķΧ
˭֪һ΢ţӭǺüϢุġ
ɨһۣ֪ݺͰ绰֮࣬ǽҪֻͲľѻһҪҵԼķ򡭡
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ӭŶԷɻ۾飬յص滳ҼסôãǲӦñʾʲôѽ
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Ҽֲξ㣬Ǯסġ
ôһ˵Щ޴Ҳ֪ôˡ
գգ۾סҼҿԣҪҽƣ֪˰ɣ


7
Ƽƻĵһ죬Ѫȥ档
ġ
滳ʱͷεҲûһֻΪҩЧûû⡣Լ״滳ԼӦÿԳȥתһת
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ΪѣͷģҲһš滳һӦƲƲ죺ôô簡㡣
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Էҭһ£ֻ˸ԡҡ
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˵ֻ𴲡ϴѾҪľеˡ
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滳п۾֪˯˹ȥ
֪˶ãһ
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ǸڽУԽԽ滳

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ֱشҲȥӶ˸λã滳ײײͷɺԵѪҵԼǸССķ䣬˹ȥ
Ǽȫˡ
ǣȴ
ͯʱ滳һౡϸС
زͷȥ
ֻɫġССԲģһ˫ܿɰĶۣë޵С̫㣬ղų
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ɫСౡؽţͣ滳ļϡ
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󣬴լеһж޾ޱߵĺڰûѪûʹࡢûĽŲʼʧأڰ档
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滳֣ҪȥֻƯĽɫС
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ۣȻ˯ˡ


8
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Сشţŵɳ˿͵̧סԼ̵
ָڸ£¶ȣҲţֱҲǷһ
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ǣƫƫǸһײԺ֮Уֳٳٲɢȥ
滳ڴϣһֻ߬ɢҵ죬ģ
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滳ǲѵģͫҲ޷۽

Ǳһؾ档



9
ſڣ滳
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ٶ۵طӦһϳˣЩȥ
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áӦԷָܿҵҩ䡣
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û𣿡ǵôҩûϵ𡭡ҽиҽɡ
𡣡滳ҩúܿ죬ҽ
ǡ
ֻ滳̧עԼϰ΢ʧɫ촽ƽӣոЩʹĺۼмҪҲˡ
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Ҫο㣬΢۾Цһ¡
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Ǳ߻صĺܿ죺Ҫҹ˾

Ϊʲôһ˴ڿյĻű߷һֻ򵽼ûùı·ҡ
ҺůͣҲյģװ޷࣬ϴɫĻƿһ֧ʵտ¶ˮڽƵĻϣӳǳĵƹ⡣
ǰ̨ӴĹԱ󣬺ܿ뿪ˡһģɴᵹšüͷ㿪档
ʲôҪԺܶҩ
ʲôҪ롿
Ժܶ಻ͬҩôˡ
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ǵԼСѧʱиͬѧಡССģ촽ǳǳϣһľβǵǸͬѧûÿÿζӰͷǡ꼶ʱѧˣûٹ
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ҡҡͷԼͣƫĲ²⡣϶ôصģ˵ֻǵֿѡ϶
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װܵλݹһƬϰͷЩʱ鲻߽Ӵ
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Ůʿװ֪
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һ㶼ûӦֳϡ
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װãԱˡ
Ҳûô滳롣
ҪǸ϶ҪưλһۣȻޱԱһɳȥ
Ǹ滳ĻҲᡭ
Ǹ΢ЦһʱЩܿءεɴඪֻԱߴ̸
װȷʮֹԡϽĺѧԣʲôʹʲô˵һĻֱͲ黧Ҳˡ
̸˼䣬ԥһʳǸʼԼɻ󣺡Ǹϰ壬岻̫𣿡
ɫ΢ЩЦݣԼֻŲǣҲ֪滳첻Ҹо֪ǲ岻á
ǰ޸Ļش̬еıľɢȥˡװѹüɫ¶һ˿С
ע˫ۣ̬ȳϿңʳ̸ĵһ⣺ϰʲôϵ
סˡ
ǡ


10
滳ʲôϵ
϶ѣ滳£Ҳİˡǣѣ֪ΪΣЩԸ֪Ĺϵ
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װҲԵЩ죬
ֻ𶯴ĻװܿϢ̧ͷϰǱæˡҴȥ칫Ұɡ
ûټǹϵǸ⡣װǰ·ʱͬԼкͷ⡣ֱһͬרõݣֻʱװŵ֣źȻ˿ڡ
ϰ˵黻ĻЩҵĻǴϰ崴ҵʱˣ˹˾
˶٣ڿδǣߵʹĴָĦŵڶָڣһż
Ҳ֪ϰʲôϵȻѾվˡ˵ľֻǣϰȷʵ̫áһֱǡÿꡭܻжαȽѵӡҲ̫á
˵ţװӹﱧǸң̧һʮ϶л΢Ц֮ллˡ
ʲôȴһ
ݵĿĵء
ûٶ˵ʲôװڽ칫Һ뿪ˡֻôͷˮƿ΢š
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ڿǰαĵþЩݵùˡ
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칫ǰҷŵԷֱߡ
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á滳˵лл
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Ǳ̵ƵģŻæƿߣֻöҲʼˡ
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Ͳ˵ң㻹Ųءڶôżǹ˾ûͲתˣֹ˾ҪǣҲֲİɡ
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ȻӦʹҴҹš
ǻ΢ûٿǼ칫ҵķҲƵ뿪˵


11
滳Ҳ˵æˡһС¶ûӰֻÿڹļֻСᱻùϴáٹԭλдֽÿ춼ỻ
Ҳһ
ǳɫ룬˳ֽдšաıǩ˺պã͵ǱʾѾˡ
ǣ滳Ӧþ賿ʱˡ
Ϣô˭Ҳ֪Ϊʲôͱôԭʼֵ緽ʽ
˸Ƿ̶˯ͷһۣȻǼֻС뱻Ѿɸɾشˣ
ҹųԷ֪˯˯һӦ滳ö˶Ǹˣֲ𡭡
ǵġ̫˵عޱԹš衢֡ңңƽ㶼޲ڵı˼ҵСܰ
滳ϰ߻ԼءҪѧϢٷְҪְ߶˵ССϢɡҹߵ϶Ҫ㻵
塣
һͻȻԺ
Ȼ𡪡ǸǻŲ
λ˵ӦͦءҪಡĻôҹ
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˵ԷֻǽҶѣϢϰҲֲܡǣǡ
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ƽҲտ滳𡣼ȻƽίУ΢һ㣬ӦҲûʲôԡ
ԾΪԼΪҵʵĽͣҲپˡ
ܿдһƽ״ѶϢȷϷȥ֮󣬱ţ̵÷Ž΢¯ȣʱλƵȥԡϴ
ͷڱҲһ£ʵöֻƬѸٽԼ緹
ʰɾĲǰ̯һųֽͷԼ汾ķ־塣⼸ûʲô£ûѳȥȾƣƽ׶˲ʱ䣬Ҳչɿ졣
ڻšССĽȻȥѩԸͰֻֿһǨ㡣
ǣǵĶȴһ籩һĻɫСʱѹİɭˮߡ
ĳˣײײɲֻһȳһյСϪǰС
С˺ܾúܾãˮԴľͷһܴġķ˵Ĺ㳡Χŷïľڹ㳡СǺ¹ҹĻ£һ͸ĵ
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ɫСͷĳ˵ãƯĵ񣡡
ȻĵֻǸ߸ͷһԲ

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˫͸ĺɫ۾
֪Ϊ滳ģ
ͷֺԺҲƽˡµĵŮԽԽǸ˵Ĵ顣ķңʰƤȴֳٳ²ȥ֡
ֱӣɴƿֽʺֹʹóֻ
ƽ㻹ûлظ״΢š촰Ƭ̣û滳ʲôݡ
λ˵Ѿˣٱ̫̽áҪǵ滳Ļ˵ҪԷһġʲôϵǸֲ¡
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ǻȥˣԼһڼûûôԥͽ˵绰ι
С㣡˵С㣬иᣬȥȥ
ҿ磬ҪȦˣûС㣬ȥȥ棿ҽ㲻ȥҪҲȥû˼ܾƵģԷúܿ죬һˣྭȥġͺȥ
˵ྭıңңңҪڵĻ˵׼Ҫץ˺úýʡ֣ȥʱһҪܿġ
ʱصȴڴ˴
ʣǱߵ磿
ţϵһкûʲô˼ѵ˵Ҫǵ·ͦġС㣬ȤҪȥҿ㰡˳
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յ˿֪ԼΪǸ˾ʹӦ˸硣ҪڸĿڣ͵ڰԼ˵ĻԻȥˡ
գֻ˵ãллˡ
˭˭òΪ⣬ϵҰС㣡


12
أǳͨᣬϵϵһô۵alphaʲôûסӦҲûм˻ǵáⳡУû˭ĿͶϡ
ֵעĿģĻĿԼĿķˣ̸ڵӴһεļ̳ˡ
滳Ȼ滳
ǲЩģǴһѣռһߺء
˵ףҲûʲôֵġеϲҸŮŮĹϵȦﶼ֪ƺܾˣԼûֻڶԱ𡢿˳µسС𽥾ûʲô˸ˡԾҲȱȱ̸ϰȣֻϲһְˡ
СͲһŻΨհΧм䣬Ȥʮ㡢ܿԼΪĵȥģ֪ΪȴƵƵ
񿴵Ǹˡ
滳ȻΧ£ģΪ֮еĽ㣬Ҫ̸ĶˮԴԴ滳žƱ̸Цˮ
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֪ΪΣÿÿƳǸӰ;ۡ
С㣡Կûôˣô񰡡
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˵С㣬ϴȺ˵˭㲻ϲƽˣԱߵѰ˾ƣ˳ִС㡭
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賿ʱдڱǩڼϣ̵лֽҲתģ滳Ӧ˺һȥơ
Ҳ֪ԼʲôǸе˵Ĳƽίһ˿֪ĿֻšǸ滳ˡ˲¶ʹ滳ǼٵġǸûдڹһ˵ȥĻ˴ҲŰɡ
ġ֪Ǹ滳Ҳġ
ƾʲô滳һţһԼ϶ʶӰ
ô߷߲ƽţ᳡Уһ߬ס̸ŵ滳ߵ
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ӦţֻԽԽȣҴҴ껰ͽڶԱߵϢҡ
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Ҳ̫ʺ빫˾ҽ滳ֻ˵˽ԭ򡣡
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ǸոǸ衢ܵҵ滳ԶƽᡢԶᴹ˫߸ϵİ۾ֻһۡӦˡ
ι滳ǣڣղ棬װʶҰ


13
滳̧ߣ˵Ϊ㲻Ըñ֪ʶҡ
ڸոգô׾ӵĽڷסһ¡ôһ˵ĺҲûϡ
ҲװʶҡӲԼԲ۾ǿǲС
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ǡҪ滳˵ʲôأ


14
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ǣ滳˵ܴġ̫ˣЩûʲôȤȵѧֿ϶ܿ졭
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ǺӣиԹϣֲ档ֺǺǵУС˼ǲѧҳҲûа취
һƬ֮Уƽȵʻţһ·ǰ


15
̾ſϣűͷһûһ·ͷļ
칫ҵŽţģûһڡҪ̧С߲ߵ绰϶˽šัܼࡱææ뿴ľЩˡ

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ֶʮ룬Լѡˡ


16
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滳
ǰ̨ĹԱҲͬкܡ
ĺܺáĩӽ𡣡滳ͬǵͷԺҲǣ֪ͨҺͱٽоͺáԼİȫǵһλˣǶ裬úϢ
˵գת߰ɡ
Ŷе㶵ضá
滳ʱǰ̨Сҡҡ˵ټ滳ֱҪӳһʾѺáҡҡȥëβˡ
ճ˾ûһȻ˵滳
滳ʣʲô
㣬˵е⣬ôͦİ
ԣһֱԼܻˣ
Ҳû滳룬ҵһϲͨСֱ
̫ױƭ˰
飬һۣû˵ʲô
Ȼҭһ䣬Բ۾滳
Ҫȥģ滳ֻʣ˵ģص
̧̧°ͣ¶е
߰ɣСܡмȸԾӣȵˣ֪ˡ
ʵĿȥҲ죬ոջһᵽ棬գۼ˸߲
СƢ滳̾
ҡҡͷ˵Ĳ


17
ѡĵطһֵСԽֹ㳡
ʱ֣СԺӻ̯λǶѾ֧ˣ·̯֣ڡ˫ɶԵ̯λдţŸʽСʳЦ֡һƬٵľ
滳عͷ˳ؽߵˣ߰ɣ
һģû˰ԼʲôѩĺҡСƤʵŷġɲûģСʱѵܷ裬ֵط·
ŲţȥƳһ滳
Է糣·̯ϣûʲôѪɫݣԵ䵭ƽһ˫۾ʲôҲ͵͵ţеڴԷ¶ʲôɫ
ڰ칫ѧͷ͡ԴͼһѾʱ뵽ļƻ
ʱţ滳ô߸ϣһʳ˼̻Ĺëӣ˵н񱣬϶û״ޱ֤ĵط
ʱ򣬾ǸԱ߿ԣҲߡ˭滳˵ѧЩ
ڣҲ˵⡪Ҫ滳ʵڶòں˵ϲĻͰСԴؼң滳ԼȥԵķ˺ˡ
ϾԷողű֪ʲôĻҵ˾ɧţҲͦ۵ġʱһˡ
Ȼ滳Գ𣿿Ƥ𡣡
ûӦʶش𣺡ԡ
ԼԥոǷ滳ڷʱѾԽվһ̯λԣܿ˵
鷳һݣһһ벻滳˵лл
ܿ죬滳ֻ˿Ƥĳֽ̯λڷŵСεУҵиɾһˣ˶ص
Ǹʵ̫ϡƽˣǵӼֱڰ칫һʱ𾪵Ŵ͡

վû¶𾪣滳ɫȻֻӿڴгֽչƽƽϵϡ
Ȼ̧ߣƽ
ŵصֽ̿
ʲô
ࡣ滳ɡ
ֻñһȥĹĵˡ
滳ӹǰĿƤйһЩݺݡ
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²վȥģʲô𣿡
ûһض飬˳ֽһˮƵ滳ǰԶ죬ܿ˸뱥һûһضſӽ˿С۵һͷ
滳ڳǷݿȱޱ߼ƺڷɢڼձߣԵò԰Ƥͬһ͸ϸ޳ָһԿϣ֭ķ˿ʱָȴֻӯĺ
봹ףÿһķȶ󡢳ţܵһжҲ·ӵġ³ʪ·̯һ
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ţһʱӶˡ
ֱ׵ע滳ѯʵ̧ۡײʱûзӦȻ㶵ض˫ĺ۾
滳ǰװọ̇̄˵Ҫ𣿡
ǶļӸУԺеĳּ䡣
񰡡롣
ֻɫ۾èָ߰Щˣ֮󣬵СɣǰצǰƴС֦ģ
ûзӦ滳ԵЩ
˵ʲô
ҡ
ĺֻҼ̨Сè
дŵǣûԼĻ˵һȻ˵㡭ոչ˾Ǹˣ˭𣿡
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ԷҲûʲôرķӦֻ˵֪Ҽ£
ͷ
á滳˵Ȼƽֻó
Щͷԣǰ˵ˡ
㿪

ҳ롮ϼš

һ룬³ɽжٸˣ滳˵㿪֪ˡ
ָѾǸϣҪ㡣Ļգգ۾ȻŷӦԼ׽Ūˡ
򡪡
̧ܻͷȴײԷǵЦ⣬ȻϢ
ʶ
һûеĴ飬ԭҲǻῪЦ
˫Ц΢΢ĺ۾˵ˡ
滳ҲŪò̫ڣ

һʶԼոԭһֱֱض˼ҿŻæջߡֱ壬ȴûһ򣬲ŵֻڵϡ
æҵסֻ̧ͷô
滳˵ȻۺЦ⣺ǸǸ
Ȼܲ˵ض֣ԼûСҲԷ𣿡
ͱһСôţӹǺСӣֻһû滳
滳ɫԵñƽʱɣֻڲЦˡĿӣĦָǣ˿ڣǸҸ硣
С̧ͷܿʳ˵ͷĸ𣿡
ҡڵĶ³ɽ滳˵Ϊ̶ˣֻ֪ľжʮŵϺŵŮʮɡ
𾪵Ŵ졣
Щ˵ı׼ࡣı飬滳ֻĸģأomegaһסլȷʵСʶˡ
ЩãȻص˵ͷ
ǡ뵽滳أ
Ȼ֮ǰġڶԷ̫õĻ֮ǡЩȴԱĹܲ⣬ǹġ
˵滳ǡ
ԸȥǸʡ
ԥƬ̣ʳǡأ


18
أ
ȥ磬滳ֻ˵Ҷǲˡ
˵⻰ʱ鿴ƽʱһģһûʲôĻˡ
Ȼú㣬һЩ˵ˡ
ǣûټոյĻ⡣
ͷܣ̧ͷȴ̲סҪ̧ۡڶĴʲô顣Ͼ滳¡
ʱ滳ȻҿԡţС⴮𣿡
˼ڸոյĳ̧ͷ룬Żش𣺡С
˿ڣ˼άųٳٸϡ
СԵ£Ҳ֪ոյĵ֮Ժֻǿ϶ԼƵĵͷոջ˵㲻ϲըĶءҪҪʱһǡ顣
˵߸̧ͷЩϷ绯ģһ滳ޱӡԲ۾˵ԣС
滳ֻʣĲ𣿡
Щ΢΢ͷ۾·ʪִŵ̽ʾƵģһӾֻСè
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Щ룬Ǻƽʱûʲôģ䵭ģһı鶼ûУôܿôû취
һţʲԸؽС⴮ָ˶Է
ðɡ˵ֻһ
ֻǵЩС⴮ǷųԵˡֳ֮಻ͬСԣ滳ôһֻ翾㡢˷ѽĸ߸СʱһֱԵĺôһɳ
֮˼ϣԼСӣġ
̾һúð
滳żЩڵرúܽȴվԭû㡣ԣޱƳһۣʲôҲû˵
ѽ滳ˣô涼ǺóԵģҲкòãһиء
滳Űɣ㣿
ȻͷҺģ
˵ţTڣѼֱ滳ǰ㿴㿴Ǽ⣡ҺòײģﲻҰ
ˡ滳û취Ӧ֪š
ô˵ţȴֱ̧ۼ⣬Ȼ⣬滳㣬һشǰȥƱҪöԷķڷ
ĺģţȥץԷ󣬡㶼ô֪ۣ飬㿴Сϸ첲㶼ֲã϶ҲСӡ
ץס滳󣬳ŶԷһʱҪȥԷ
滳ֵû취ֽ⣬ֻһһģ֪֪ˣˣҡҴˡ
ߺߣԷģջ֣⻹ࡪһ£
滳Ūûֻ֣ᰴ˰ʵϱۡ
ΪոյĴ֣ȱ滳ϸЩ糺죬ԵǱģϸֲ԰ףֱϣǡǣһͣ˲Ĳ
֡
ոմֵʱôûʲôġ
ֻǱ滳һֱۣȴȻúÿ죬ֵĸоǿ鼡ϣҲҪˡ
ǣͨ죬ᡱʶջֱۣĿĴת,ǡˣҪҪȥǸ
ԱһҴ̯λԱߵĸɫʳЩ䣬Ա߾ǸɫƷСС߰˼ӡԭֻתƻ⣬һɨȥȴҲ£ţ滳ȥ
ǰ˵˵ͷ²˵嵽̯λԱߣϰк󣬱ʰ𼤹ǹԷ
ײײֱ˰Ѽǹ滳̧ۿٶ¶޴룬ûЩ
ҽЦؽǰƣԡ
滳ЩΪѣǣҲ򣬻˷Ѵ
ʲôġںüеʱ䣬һѴ򲻵ٴһѣһֱ浽ϡôֲרҵѵʲô˷ѵġ
Ĳá滳ô˵
˵գӭĿ⣬ЩھƵ΢΢򴽡
ʱһҲûʱϸ߸ϡ䵭ˡ
ǸܵĴеѼҵļáеСģű˵ɫ滳һϰ˱ֵڷЩʴӡ
ĵȻһθС
þͲ£ֻѡ
˵ǰ滳۾Ц
ûµģ滳ҲҪʲô¶ȱ
ԣ滳һ½˽ǹ֣˵á


19
ǣ滳ԡ
ǹָ̯ºܽ׼ɫС׼²
滳һͣƬ̺󣬹Űָ°
žӦը
״滳Ҳ۾
ԼĽЩƵģָ΢˶
ԱСһžžવعơ
ѽ顣˵˷ܵ۾ģ츳
滳һ䣺˭Ǵ鰡
ֱ׳˵ţһûб׽סŵ飬ûб飬ÿ컹Ǵѽ
滳תĿ⡢ƵšüëЦøˡ
ٿڶǹʱ滳ͲԵôˡ
ڽֻǸͨĽֱС̯ϷҪμʲôһ
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滳ʮӦȵĽƷ۾ڽƷƬ̣õһֻ۷۵СèצԿ׿ۣǸͻᷢС
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ҪָָǸСԿ׿ۣ
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գգ۾
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һУͷ滳һЦҪʲôҶ㡣
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ǹʱתͷ滳Լ
ĿײһʱźȻطӦŻææջߡ
ɡԾֳݵĿ⿴еβͣسЦҪĸ
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Сëǳɫģ´ŤŤĶۣе㱿ģ
ҪִëСͷԱֹǺܴҮ
滳ֻǰë׵СͷëСٵǰԼƬ̣ȻڵԱչʾЦ
滳Цţ˵ܿɰ
Ǹ΢ЦȻȻ毺õϣһ·ڻʻ
Ϊ֣滳պţ̬ɡ˫硢΢΢ĺ۾ڲѩɵˣȱ߸ϣֻǸͨŮ
ࡰͨ©һġ
㶵ע滳һ
滳Щؽ͵ѹ

ңǡεرŵ滳󣬡ȥ濴
յڵȵ˾ʱĻҲѾ˵ǣڰҹɫС
ΪһϾʽԵĽ˾ؼңã˳õ˺һλá
λơǰ󿪵ĳ·ȵķ硣
δӳⲻסšͷ޺⣬˷ܵתͷ滳ȴȻеϴһ
滳˯ˡ
üﻹǸոմõżëסЩֲڵСԴڱ䣬ųʻСȻζ
滳ʵ̫ˣûʲô⣬ҲƮƮġֻ˯ŵʱ΢ЩԲԲĻʱ¶µոʱһ
𡪡飬񻹱СЩء
´лᣬԼɡ
ôţŲŲ壬öԷøһ㣬˸Ƿ
Ŷƽȶ滺ĺ֪ҲеЩ롣
ǣ۾
ƽʻҹĻµĹͷͷһ˯ˡ


20
飿
һȻ͸˺ڰ
滳滳
滳۾͵ֱ塣
ЩܾԲ۾
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칫ңӿʼǰѹļʱģΪæԼԱддոſ˯ˡ
һ֮ƺѾˡΪԭûȥȴʱʱ˾һȥ档Ҳһ
Щ޹ص£滳𽥵Դļ¸гٿʱѾָ糣ûʲô¡
ŶͷЩƵģͷȲݵֱߣһڣ
ԼȵǱȡÿһһ裬ƵģȻգգ۾滳滳ùİ̵࣬˫۾Ҳʵܾ
ֻýӹ˼ڣе޲ʡ
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ո滳˵Ҷ֪ſ˯Ҳΰج𣿡
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˵ţЩˣԼǲ֪á
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˫ɸɾΪجζǵԲ۾滳еЩڡ
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滳ЩԼһı鶼ûС
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ͽԼĲǰƣ滳󡢽ɫƯһš
ôôȻչ۾滳ҧµһڣǲǺܺóԣҾƤըĺô࣬Ҳرۡ
滳͵ͷ
š˵ܺóԡ
ͺٺٵЦûûΣ԰ɣ
ǸӣΪŲոڴڴģԼըء
Ȼ²Ѹ׷˵ţ˵ӵʱʳû㰥ÿĲסҼǵáţɿĽ˹ȵʱҪҪһ
ͷ۾ԲԲģë׵ͷΪһһǸ¸߰ģ˾ʢС
滳˵ǲܳɿ𣿡
԰ôֶµģգգ۾Ȼе㷴Ӧ
ѽȻصԲ۾滳ҧŶ
ںȻЦεĺڴгȴ滳ѲԼجΣĸʱɢռǡõЦ˽ƮƮĳŪ
ǸСƵı飬滳ֻǴ΢΢Цˡ


21
ˣ滳֪
һΣεǸϣڳ̻С㳡
أ
ش𣺡ȥ硣
ѻ
һǡҶǲˡ
ͷβĻѻ
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˼ɫĿͨTƿտĴ칫Եø룬޵üеۣ߱λһҡһΡŵǸĿ棬滳һۿȥϳǻõġ
Ǹʲôʱ򡪡ˡ
滳̾һ
滳ȻĽҽ˺滨裬ҪҪȣ
滳ԥһ£û˵Ҫ
˵رá쳤֣Ǹºݸһ磬ҲӰ˯ߡ
лл滳ӹӲĳûкȣǷŵһߣҿҪһʲô𣿡
ûû£Էҡҡ֣ܿʵЦæ˵ˣæġﻭһС㣬ٺ١
á
ذ칫ǰʱ滳е㲻̫ڣ⻹ƳͷŤüͷרע
ûЩ־ԼȥעǸƽﲻ̫һ
𽥿滳һںͬϣһʱ˵ĴڣҲʱ÷ɿ졣ڽһɵҲ޶ϣ滳̧ͷ۵Ĳŷֲ֪ѾҪһˡ
һŲĿ⣬Ϳ쳤֡ȥԼɳϵıҪʲôСһԼͶĿ⣬Ǳץһ¶е㱧ǸЦ
𣿡ЦݿʣǲǴ
ܲáɫԲ۾ģС̫â꣬ԵЩˡ
ûС滳ֻ˵Ѿˡ
̫ˡ˷ܵشӵҪҪȥԷĲкܺóԵС⣡΢еӦûܸϵһ
滳
ţԷԵͶĿ⣬ȫȻʣô
˵㲻صҵġ
۾ûף
˵ȥ滳Լ
ҡ滳ڣƽ˫ֲ£ԼҲûԼǵɰ̣Һܸлҵչˣ㲻Ҫ
㲻Ҫ
ҲԼġ
Ҳ֪ǡ㡢ǰ˵ʲô㲻Щ
滳˵ţòƵط΢Ц֪¶顣
Ͼڹ⣬ЩǣĻΪʱҰҴլڵͬסΪģҲ˵Լȥĵط˻չҡ
ԼΪķģԲ˵Ĺգ콫Է˾װһ档滳ԼһִٳᡣֻûԤϵὫԼ顣
ȥ˲ʵֻ룬Ϊ˵ǸˣԲŶ˵ЩĻ㲻ҪΪ˸е
ԣʵҪЩ
ֻǼסϵѣҺܸмңҽҡ滳˵ңһֱæغϵȤҲࡣ˵иʵ顣
ãЩӦ㹻ˡ
ƲϵЩΣԼ֪ԷԼæ
滳û˵Ļ֪ŭʶԼǸ̶ˣЧһá
Щӱܵ롪ǰС˵ҲѾˡ
ǣ滳̧ߣԼȥ
ǡǡ
վֻ¶е㱯˵ĵ顣
۾͸ò˼飬ӳܹ˵⡣滳üеһ
Ǹ飬˵ԣûչ𣿡


22
£ǲ֮ˡ
Ǹ鲻ϻشԼ˵Щˣȴʹߡһ۸˵ӣķ뿪ʣŽˡ
Ҫ̸ֻܱŶȥת뿪ʱ򣬻Ǹ¼һı顣
ʲô
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ǿǳɫͣϵСݮ
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εֱ֣æҡͷûЦ
ǸŮalphaȾ÷ɫϵں죬Цз顣εǼŮҲǺһѧϰ˾á׵ĩ˸٣ڱŵԼ
ԼεΪḻǰŮѲʮΡҲûϸ룬ΪʲôҪḻѯ滳ĹϵԼһôûУԴʼԼķգεͷЦ
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ֲҡ˵ֿʼС⣬ܵͣҲʲô
㲻滳˵ôһΣﻰҪƲϵȴֲֻԼĸܡ
Ǹ˵ǵĹϵᣬ˵ԼæʺΪ顪ȴ˵Լϲᡣ
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˾䵭΢Цһģ˫۾ȴø룬͸ԵЩˡ˵ʲôͻ޳һ
ΪԼסˡ
Ǹ飬Ҳ
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Ҷģġεͷǳˣʮǰɡ
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εʣոһֱ˵Ǹأ
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ΪʲôһʲôһĸҲŪƽᣬû˲ϲȻҲ⡣ΪƽϲãҲϲƽ佱ʱ
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˵
ֻ֪ϲ滳¶òı顣
ڣҪʲô
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벻ͨǸʲô˼ǾȥԼô滳ܵ˺ܲԶ칫ңڣ֪ԼҪʲô
֪ԼҪʲô͹ˡ
ܿϵϣǰ̨ﶼѾʶˣɨ֤ͨʱ˳ץԡݺװӴһ¶ЩǸε顣
ҽϰ廹ǲ
šװΣϰæ
ҶһЦȥȣûɣǹġ
װƺЩò׼⡣գգ۾޹ؿ
æùҡҲ𣿡
˽˺һװԥƬ̡ڿڣʵڱǸ
ȻȰ칫ҵųһ϶
滳û£ȥæɡ
װعͷɵֹǣϰ塭
ûϵģѧ㡣
װֻõͷЩ뿪ˡߺ滳ƿţɡ
żףǲ԰׵ûʲôѪɫģԵһ˫۾ڸ͸ڵƹӳ£ǲһëһСƬӰ
ǵҲֵᣬЩƣ롣

滳˵Ϊʲôң
ԷƽΪѾ˵ĺˡ
Ҳף˫һ۾滳㲻ϲһ𣿡
滳ûлش
ֻǱܹĿ⣬Ŀ⣬һҲû˵
滳طʣ𣿡
ǳĬ
ڣ滳˿ڣҡ
һȻĻͬʱڿڴֻϢʾ
ЩȥֻԷҲߡȥϢ
۾̧ͷ滳ӣǡ
˵ҪعˣŰҡ滳˵Ҳǣ
ͷ
ƽҪˣ


23
ԣջһˣΪ˸Ĵѡ
̳ʵ㲻϶ֻ࣬ϾҲͦĹϣԴڶ࣬ǳ˫Ӱ滳УֻǻдһĿֻš
֪ûĸþС
ⲻʲô滳Լֱ֣δǵˣʹԼⲻʲô
ʵӦûеġڵ״ȻãҲԶôصĳ̶ȡҲֻڴѧһűþŹƺͺúܶˡ
滳
ٳûиϣǰЩЩؼһôˣ
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มӦе㲻̫Ƶģؼûв𣿻᲻̫ˣ
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Բ۾ģͧ
õ滳ͷĻӦ
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ͧ滳˵ô˵ԼϢأˮҲûʲôðɡ
ôһأϢغˮǿ϶
粵˺ü䣬Ȼµ¡
ˣƽϢأʲôѽҾÿ϶޹²ݻаζλůͣģرᡪ
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֮ǺԼ޹ϵ¡
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滳͸ÿͻ鵱ʱӦ滳˵򵥡
ŵֱʹţʹз·ʮңԶǶԵһǷһϡһ֮һ㡣
滳ֻܹеԼ𽥾󻯵رƽĿֻţԽԽءԽԽ졣
Ҳѹְ滳Ȼʱ˵Щ
ʵҲܹоԼġֲʲôˣʹ˵Լܲߡѡ˳ĬܾؽЩԼϵ¡
𽥣ʹҲˣһԼеĸоû滳ее㷴θľ
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ѭŷȥ滳󴦵ҲѪմʪһСƬѾֳЩɺԵɫ˿ڲС
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жƺʧˡ
ʧԷǸɹѣ滳һֱľȴȻʧȥãĸҲЧˡ׾޴ԼҪЦ
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ѵ֪𣿡̧˾˵
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滳㲻۵ѵǻ𣿡
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Ŷ˵۾ǳγġƵǳɫͫ׵УصӳŲ԰ݵѿ
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Ϊʲô
Щûչ㲻֪ѵǻ
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ˡ
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ԼѾ˵ˡ
ǰ滳ҪеЩͬˣȻǺЦ
ǱͲһ˰
滳˵ͷԵ¶΢Ц
ԣ˵ƽ糣ô޹ء


24
ġķ˵ɭֹ㳡˵СڵĵԼСѡ
ҹɫԶˮԴʯͷĻΪȥݹּķ硣ССĽóϵˣȥһѩ
ҹˣɭ𽥱ú䡣
Լ֦ҶëУһ紵ɫСȻ˸硣
䰡С˶ë
̧ͷʯͷϸ߸ߵĵ
ǰĵŮŅ̀ͷʣһԲ
վôߣһһ͸ûʯͷľΪڷ磬ûлȡůë
ѵ
ɫС롣
ҹɭֵķХСŵݣЩǡ
Ϻã񡣡ʣ𣿡
Ȼش
С˼ţȵͣϢʱԼ޵βһëʯͷԼë˵ϥϡ
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ĵڿڡ
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С˵ʲô
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Ů˵
ҲҪë
ôߡôңԶмڴͷȥɫСһۡ
һ紵Ľɫëӵϴëŵľ䣬ˡ

ͷһʡ
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һǸ飬Ҫ޺޵صűµֲҰӡֲܰѱӳȥֻӣݺݵĥ
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ϴҲǡԼԼŪһˡ԰׵ҪȴֵôȻǶһһ
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Ǳ̵ƵģһɿеıǩֽҲƵ뿪˴ǰ
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顣
һȭȭƿգصؽɳϣ죬ֱɳԭţϷӵҲζ졣
һʱ䣬Ҿǰɳ죬·Ҳ֮𶯡
Ӻ꣬ԺֻһƬհףȭҲԽԽ졢ԽԽأЮŸɴķ
顢顢顣ǻ޴ӷġӿļҲһȭȭ壬ɢڳصɳ
СʱߵԺˮƳ֮ǰ߿
ֲ̧жԷϢӵģ
Էæҡҡͷ˵ˣҲҡ
ѽͷԣҶþûˡǣѽ
Ŷ˳ڰ֣ͷҲصܵȥˣԭţȻһ¼
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ûôС㡣˻׳¡ЦǰɣҪŵ㡭ʱˡ
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Ǹѽ
˵ʲôﶼ֪ԺȴǸӡһ԰׶͸ļ͸ĺ۾
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ķӦýصͷ򣬹뿪ˣһվԭط¡
ⶼʲô
ӦһֱһԴɳײ
Ϊʲôǡ뵽Ǹ
ȭΪ˷ſԴģµã˼øˡ
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Ѿõƽع԰׼õˮ͹ȥȴе᲻𾢡
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Ʋ֪治׻װףʣ˭ѽ
Ǹ죬滳
ͷɥضŵ棬һ䣺Ҳ뿴Ǹ
Сæ첻ôЦ⣬ǳ𣿡
ûСֹйߵƿ˴ذ壬˭ܡ
Ǹ鶪¼仰ˣ볳ҲȻûˡ
ͨͷЦ
ǣᣬŶ


25
ڶ졣
ʱ֣Ǹõ죬µ̫߸߹յһƬ۵ĽӲӡ
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ҲܺƳԱߵ滳һۣȺһԼֵģֽǱҲһڡ

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26
滳ڳʶԵġ
ʱչֿãԼųҪع˾񣬾һһʹȴңҲȵ
עżһ峯ȴȻȡ
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Ϊ˵ʲôԷطЦΪӦĿߣ˵ԼûС
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װǵ׵á
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룬ɽҲһ˵ĻһжᷢˡеһУΪͥĴ֡Ұһ񶾵ǡЩѡ滳Ҳϡ
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ڣҪĨȥűܵ־Լ
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ȶȲ󾱼䡪촽˵Ϣؽ֯һȥ
ûʲô滳롣ֻʱǡ
ֹס
ȡ
滳˵ҡ


27
æµҽԺȡ
ͬλҳڸڲǰصȴ
ܿ첡Żŷֵҽ߳൤Ѹվӭǰȥҽ
ߵѾȶˣĿǰʱ֧ѽ̽ӣȹ۲Сʱ˵ҽܵomegaϢش̼ǿлȣ峬ɷӦĵ״һomegaʱǣԼصĹͷš
һԵุ磺ǣ֮󡪡
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˲ڣװҲڡ˵ǳģҲ˵Ǹ磬˾ﻹдԣ˵滳ȥʲôطȼ١ף˵бۡ
⣬Ҳǵ绰ӡ΢ŲأҲҲˡ
ȷʵûʲô£ֻǶԼΪalphaЩϰߣܾþϴ̴ЩȣʱŻ⵹ûʲôġ
ֻ˶ģɴȥƼס졢鷳չҲԼƽ㣬ҵ滳ġ
ƽ㣬ſ˼ϣϴգƽ㣬ǸʲôǣϢء
ȥקĺ죬ȥ治ҪԱalphaô׽ʱٴ
ֲǱˡ䣬ɴưԼ޶ȥˡ
ӵСɳϣ۾һգգضŴƣֻԲ۾װ׵д󣬼Ҫʵʻغˡ
Ʊû취ֻʣôˣ
ǣǸǸƽ㡣Сʣ滳ǸϢ𣿡
ءЦҡҡͷѾ˵С˵ҵomega
滳ĽǡȳǸ⣬ϣܹæܣĺ¶ˣһЩò
ǵomegaֻװͨ;ҵİŮѣҲѾչ㹻ıꡣ
Ͼomegaⷽҵġ
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ܡҡҡͷͲǡ
ƾʣΪʲôǣ
ϣֵıζСţֻҲ𽥿ʼЩ죬֮ǰҲŵġ
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ǡҷǵáԽ˵ԽСǡ
ǵʲô
ı㡢˫硢е¡
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滳Щ¡
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ԼãֺЦΡ
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ڴűίСҪСĿհ֧Ʊ
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ġȻҲôǣİ
ӦԵСҵ׼緹öԷæԼûԡ滳ƵΡ
Ǳ߽ӵĺܿ졪СǸһС۾ܹص˵ͷõģԵȣͰת
ƻûüͨһл֮󱻹Ҷˡ
ٲʱǱߵľ滳ˡƺңе㷢գǺܺá
㡣ڣɫЩ޳ɣҵ
֪ƾЦȻˡİɣС档
滳ȻǷĵģҲû˵ʲô״ӣѵȳǸʱʱû¶ʲôӰ졪֮󣬻̸ǱǮ
С档ƽشţǵתģ˵ʲô
ף㡣滳Ӧ
߱ȳƣЦЦත³Ǹĸס
С桪
ǻ֪Ұɡ滳ЦЦҪ֪ҵĻҪˡ㣬ۡʲô²ĻôãǾ͡ත³˵𣿾͵ǰˡ
áֻܴӦû⡣һ
ʲô
һ벻Ȼ
űߣڣϾҪģ
滳ʣ۾ģС̫滳ʲôֱӶ˵Ϊʲôҡ
һ룬ͨ滳ͷžعҶˡ
ӫĻڰ


28
ʱ滳ûȥ˾ˡ
˵ŲģһҪ滳ԼͬסϾûȥﳤסĵ
װ˵ΪżһЩӦͻ״ãҪȫԼϰ壬ҲǶô顣һ㣬滳׵ġ
һķסˣװݵԿףѡʲôʱżޡһ۾ߡ
װ˿տյĿͷ滳治Ҳˡ
ȳڣҲǹرܵʱѲòעɱĸżȻڴ죻Щʱܴðڳױ۵Ĺѹ塣Ψµǡ
滳û뵽һomegaܹǺȳôѰֻǸԵʱǡ
ее̵֡оӿӡʱʱʹţȴű㣬˫֡ǳܵζǸǸˡ
Ǹalpha
滳֪ЩֻΪomegaıܡԭʼ壬żյʱʧȥԼҲ޷Լ³ʲô֡
ǵԼҧǼ֣ʹصʹ
һ㡣
滳óЩ⡣ڸһŵĽͺɴȫãżܺǵӰʧһоͻعƽ
ӵ죬Ǹѵõĺ졣ȳ֢״𽥴ȥǸʱҲԽԽ
滳ڴϱŵ԰칫룬ŲҪͿػ졣
ֱͨﴫ
滳ںִֵʣ滳Ϊʲôҡ
ڴһʱԾûȵľͷ滳ǰһĲ
ͨܵذϵġ
źȥĻʱ滳ųٳٸеһա
ùҶϵġַӦЩͷ̫ˡӦðѻ˵Ҳʲô
Ҳֻܽʹˡ
ֶֻĵƣҲ֮ӿ滳ϵԡú÷һߵĽǹϣɻ˱
ѾãڹеıմԵĲľζЩİޱµٳ޷ů
滳ʶܡڽĶݼסЩϰֵζˡ
壬Լ뵽֮Уټȥˡ
ʵ滳Ҳǲ֪ΪʲôԼ
ĺӣǶмĹϵرִǳǡһǣ֡һʱǵȻҲСôҪĹϵȴԼռȥ϶Ҫġ
滳Ժ룬ʹƶalpha֮Ҳû취ʱǡȹʱ䡢ýԼ˵˵飬һӦҲ͹ȥˡ
ʵڲԸԭҲûʲôԺӦáҲʲôˡ
ǰһżΪƵԵʴ桢ĳ˶ˡ
͵żȻ˸ΰɡ
ڣҲ˸ѵʱˡ
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ϰ״̬ǳáװԭȳ֢״ҪҲˡСʱǰȴȻʼյرأֿʼͷϢءҺҲҩ
ĿǰƲԭΪϰѾʱǡͨҪalphaϢظοܹ˳ɹȡ˵ֻǡϰ״ͺܸӣҲȷŰһæ
ΪʲôȥҽԺ˵Ȼôˣڼ
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ңҵĴͳУ滳ĵڶԱ𱾾ǼơĿǰڲ˵ǣͨժ塢ȥ˵ڶԱӰ졣ڵֵĻҲ
˵ţװһЩ˵ȥˡ
ҲȡһЩϲ̨桢ķʽʹһС
ԽԽľ
ʣ飬Ҳ𣿡
װ˵Ҳ˵
شȻˡ
Ǿйˡ
Ŵµı飬װʼսļƺɣûôˡ
ὫЩΪϰҲΪǻˡװ˵ֿϰʲôͻҲȡЩӶ񶾵ֶζԴԣҲ
ҡô֣ص˵alpha֮УϰֻϢأǸеη塣

ǣڴӿȥ滳е·ϣһֱ׼ýңһֱ仰
滳Լ
ǣ滳һֱôҲϼ
һֲ̧˲侱ƿǰյš
¹䵭ǳ䱡ƵϢأʱȴյȣе¶ȷ·ҲȼúܸߡϢص˴ʱڴһǡССһţյͨ졣
ǰùҩǸеһܵսԴǶ֮ıǡ
Լ滳ġԼҪЩ¡
̧ԼȻȶȵȥŵ߹ȥԥƬ̣״һԵαϡ˴ߡ
ʱ·ϣѾϲ˸οȳomegaķЩ˵ݱԹȥˣʣµľͶ򵥡ķʽ
͵ͷϢأomegaеȫ
СĵƿſԼϢšãȻϢصĲٿزζɢеomegeûгֿ־ִķӦ
ûйԵϢ͵ؽ滳Χ£еֻһܵalphaķ˲䡣
ŵضˣһһȥ
𽥵أ滳صĺƺҲƽ˳ɫ¶ְԵòôʹˡ
ӦþǶԵİɣ
ͷŻ˯滳
˵ôˡҲ˵ٶңУ滳ǵס
ܵ㣬滳գֻ³һ䣬Ҳ
˵ţ֣οḧ˸Էķ
֪û˯滳ֻǱܵع˹֡ƺϲζüĿչЩҲġһ̹ϵĻӦ
ţʶ
滳ĺֻè


29
ǵãֻɫСˡ
ݣԼëøɸɾһ˿ƷèһƯһ˫ر͸۾
С˿Ϲһȡҵ̨ԼӲȥʱŻˣڱ߹ذķ϶ôҲϳ
ССһٵʱȥ㳡ʱῴиСԴһԵĹľҲһë塢ġ
ʱдҵȥ̳ԱС档µĳϱߴϷë޵Сϥſûһܿ˯ˡ
СʼղУֻᷢвһġûҲев
Ǹȵļڣôűùͷʳֺѧᡣ
ССˣųԹĿչͷžžܻؼԼļҳ
ְָΪС˱̫ˣȻˡ֪èè֮ʾ벫ķʽȴûк˴ˣŻ᲻èҪν
֪С˲ǲϲԼֻǻûѧôϲѡ
ǵãСèһηԼſϥϰȵ˯ʱȫŻˡ
ϥ£ը˻ëſ˰ֶӣ֪ڳ˭סһܵˡ
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ȵĴСʶķӦǸƢ滳
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ˡ
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ǸӰС˵

ҾϢζ滳ȵ˯ڴһǡ۾ڴ̵һͷҲ˳ߡ
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㡣˵Ҫֻѡ
ҲֻǡΪϢصӰ졣ܿҵһʵɣΪʱǡ
˵ţ滳̧ͷԴЦЦ赭дͼһУֻϵѡȵʧͲˡ
ֻǰŮüۣƽͶ᣺
С棬ô𣿡
ӡײ졣
滳ͽ͵죬û˵
С档Ǵ˵ᡢҲЦ⣬ȴм棬ΪʲôҪԼģ
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ʱ滳ԼЩ˵һǸԶġûĵĻˣܺùЩƴԼǡǡ
滳޷ش
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ǣ㡭˵ţĨ˿˿ɬдĵĨȥֻϣԼҪٺ˼룬֮ǰͶĿ費Ҫ߰һѣ
ƴǿģֻҲûв𴩣ЦЦҲӹͷ
ˣǸ˵ùܡҼԭҲô°ɡͶʣȷʵǳۡ
̸ϵʱ滳ڲ𲻸Ķ
̸˶ԷҵɵãΪƾ΢ֱСʱҲʼȣȥϴּʰԼ
ҡҡ֣ϴּŹϣвɫİ͸⡢ӳھưɷĵ棬εüЦˡ
ðɡֹţáҰ
*
ҹĻֻ֣һյصƣӳճĹǺڰаССһǣرƽдд򵥴Ųݸ塣
Ȼֻءһ
ƽ壬ȥ鿴Ϣ
ƽ㡣
Ϣ˵ԼƽѣӦˣȥƵҲȻʮ㡣һֵַ
ȻڶءҲ֮
һϢ滳
˵Լ棬СĺȶЩԲؼҡ
ոնһ֣λȻ촰
֮˶ûٷϢֻ³
Ϣط˼飬ֱ֪壬Ϊѵüͷ
Ҫô
գվͨһ绰
ιڣҡ


30
ҹ
Ҵ³ʱ滳վھưſڴ硣
ΪԼӣĵʶһ˿ңֻǿԼֳɫӣЩѹ¡
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Է߸к档
ãȻطһ
վŲݳ±쵽һ룬Ҳͣסˡ
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۾
ƽ㣿
š
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ԭһ𰡡Ȼ򣬡˵֪ҾͲ鷳ˡ
滳ף
šȻصͷ鿪ʣæƽ㰡ֲġ
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滳Եվûж
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һĺܴϸֵĵ滳ݡ
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Ϊǣ촽Ҳ΢΢š
촽ֻ񻨰һʪȣڽֵƵӳ·۹ƻϼɫ
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滳Ϊ۾ЩԾԼͺ̧̧°ͣЦôҿǽء
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ͷ󣺡ȻҪչСá
滳룬ԼǸɹ
Ǻ֡Ѿʱǹˡ滳ȴǻΪͨĽӴеߡĵƹ㹻谵ˣֻԼԼͨͨ
ࡢ滳ͼƾܣһ¡
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۾˵滳㲻Ҫ˰ɣˣǾòԵҩҲԽԽáպֲҵϢءԼסҼﰡ㲻ʱҿ԰㡣
滳˫õ۾û˵
ţһֱûлشʣòã滳
ǡסһĻ滳˵Щѣ᲻ġ
Ϊʲô㣿󲻽⣬һģԲŵ㡣ǰһ
᲻ġϲˣҪʼһιϵ
ҲΪδֻС̫ˣոշֻûʶǵ塢ԵڶԱĸҲʮģǡϢأЩֻ˹ϵʱԻﻥĶѣûκ塣
ǡġ
Լ룬Ҳ۹Դ
һalphaһomegaסһ֮йʱǡ
ζʲô
ԥţӭǵڴĿ⣬Ҫ˵ܾĻ
ſڣȴȻĵ绰ˡ
ʾЩǸضЦЦ绰
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滳ŵ绰ͷסˡ
仰ĹıҲ𽥵ʧȥɺЦ⡣
أüĿЩãȻĿֻš
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Ҷϵ绰̻Ȼ̧ͷ滳һۣЩģ
ҵáҵȥҽԺ
滳˵ôˣ
裬ɫ԰ף裬ողסԺˡ


31
ҽԺסԺ
ڲĳϣͷǰĵ档

ﻳǶԣѾԺЩʱ졣
ֵĺɺϣʵ൤⼸β֪ǲǿԡϾʮˣ岻ˣͱȰҽԺβ˸Ƭӡûʲôȴƺ⡣һ飬ͷ
һϣȫ൤æǰæϵרҽԺûⷽľ飬ȷסԺűģûͷӬƵԱת
ͷ㴲鵽ϵרȷʱ䣬ԡ֮Ҫ˵ͷϳ˲ͷ
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ⲻ͹ǰС̫ЦûƭʲôҵȻˡΪ滳


32
˵ѡѣpng yuάٿƵĶͬѧ־ͬߣҲָˡ
ǣҪô
Ĳѣ䵱滳λõʱĽʵȴֻȡǻϵЩĻ飬װѧֵεٶľûˡ
滳ûйѣҲ֪һѡ
Լͷ˺ü죬޹ǸƷȥϢʽ㣬ѶЩʲô
ƻһš붼õ϶Ļͷذüġ
ԣ滳ջʲôҲûʳ
ֻ֪˾쵼ߣͶ֣ȴ֪ôѧǵӣϸѡ
֪мľɲǨơ
ţ滳ע֪ͷļһּˣֻšü
ֱߺȻһ춯
滳һӻʶ쳤̨֡ƣԼ˯еˣȴƳϵıѹ˹

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۰飬ǸɹƵóƵģЦúܵ⣬ԭҲᷢôһΪֻôСء
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ͷȻһθ衣
City of stars, 
Are you shining just for me 
ᣬ۾£Ҳ峺͸һȾʵصꡣƤţԵɫϪ֮ʡ
City of stars
شҹޱȰңԶϵ޺磬·׹ذ㣬һеޱҹĻ֮С
You never shined so brightly.  
ǿСС滳ͬһë̺ͷͷ簤ż磬ڱ˴˵Ȼ˯ˡ
ġڰʺ滳ɹԼһ޿־ʹİҹ


35
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36
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סڰˮıԶ߲Զд԰ʱֵͦġ
ԼҳͣãߴӻԿסߴš滳ںЩȻŵҪȴҲ̲סشҵС԰
լӴĻ԰ʵֻǿССĻ̳ϻ԰һǣȴֲҰţ۾ɫ
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ע⵽Ŀ⣬ǰɴ྾ŲСƹϣӸһҰֵģͷƬտ͵͵ȥժһ̡ƹϻͦˮģڲܳˡ飬ڴŶҪҰֿҾĲˣ϶Ҫҡ
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ᣬֻȴͬˮһȶģֱҪ˵ԼڻߡסʱӦҲСèһܾΪ֮ǰСˣŻô˳֡
һġ
ģֻ֮ӵûκԭ
ʹ黹ءȻѾˣԺƽͺˡ
ôԼ϶ص˵ͷ
ţ̧ţ¥ȥȡЩԡ
ʱȻ
ุ漴ﰡȥţСƻˣ


37
ϺุʵҲû¥Լǰȥš¥ʱ˶ѲȺЬ˿
ڿաһȦԼ˰ӣҵᱧסƵֱۣЦݿļҳм
קεĴ¥ݣƽҾʹ˰
൤º˿ڲ裬ŴӰ¿е֪ҵĺӸոҲݷˣֻǶ˶٣ɫȴ˿ԡ
ԼŮڰ֣߰߰ɣǰȥ
ﰡڲڼҳԷุ̧ʣҪǳԣ̹׼СʲôɿûУ
ɴضһ䣺ԣùǡ
ֵ˼̨ףźȻգգ۾Լƽ㣬ƽ㡭ڼҳ𣿡
΢Цʣ㲻ڼҳԵ
е飬ǻش𣺡š
ʵǣǸֻǺȱ趼ôˣҪһԷ֪όǳʲôӡҪȻƾϿʼ̸⣬ѷŪһҲû˼
ԷʱҪúóԷСѧ֪ĵúóԷŻá
̾˿Լı2š
ð˵Ǿͳȥԡ
˻صʱ滳˯С̺ӣôĴ̣ȴռλһֻԼɺСһš
ġɵĳϸ£һᾶܽ˻Ƶļͬɽ߰㾲
ŵһˣ飬ȴֹסҪϵˡ
ʱҲ滳ʵҲû
Щ֮ദ̫׽ҪԼеǸôˡ
顣
ô䣬߸ϡ
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ǳеˣȻע⵽˶תˡ
滳۾е㷢ƵģֻڻԼںδ
飿
滳ҲһŷӦ
ʲôʱ˯š˵ȥֻתһԣͻȻע⵽һǰĴƣ㡪
С档΢ЦҺ͵̸ջûá˯ú𣿡
Ц滳ӱƵƫĿ⣬βŵ˵ͷ
֮ķΧʱǼ⣬ᵽܵζ
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֣Щع
飬ˣʲôѽ
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ƲƲ죬˸
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Ϊ߶Ϥġȫεˣô޷ţֻè
е棬˸Ҳ滳ܵؽӹ˻°͸档
⴮ͼԴһһⷴӦûסЦ
飬һС̲סˣ˯һͦأʲôʱСҰһ˳ȥԡ
滳˵ͷ˵ڵϢ
಻ӡô˵
Ȼһ֮յԼȴϢ
滳ϢѸһ飬̧ܿͷʱȫѵģЩǸΡ
Ǹ˵ҪȥҰһˡĻͲˡ
ۣ飬ʱ仹̸̾
˵źȻ뵽գգ۾˵ǲӦҲûԷġҪһɣ
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˿ζò̫࣬ɴѡһϤ˽˹ݣط󣬲еǻģࡢɾ
ϰǸͦͰġֵỊ̇һֺղˣҵŮʱصЦӯӯк
ϰ壬Сϰ壬˶డ
ݲ˵ϵúܿ죬˽ǴƳģȻҲ㵥ͿһǱ˵ֻͷĿƯƬ
ղţǸ׼Ӽʱ򣬴档
ΪĹϵ֮ĹϵǱȽģΪм䣬˷ҲǺڵķΧʱԼ֮Ŷʱ䡣
ǡǾе㲻ԾڵﲻԾȴôҲ˵
һĸоšüëڤ˼룬ʵ벻ûסƫͷȥߵ滳飿
滳ԭҲڲ˵ϣԱ̧Ӧţ
ǸСʣոպ裬㡪
ûü꣬Ǳ߿˿ڡ
˵ʲôСأŲ˵Цӯӯ
æҡҡͷֺõءٺ١Цʣ˵ˣʳǶʲôʲôɿ𣿡
װǳ׷ģھǡ㡱Ȼưһۡ
Ǿ׷ˡҡҡͷεؼʣСأ
滳˵ʲôԡ
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ǳô
ͬʱ
װһۣĿײڱ˴пЩ
װ㶣ֻЦŵͷͷøԼб
˵Ѳ˵ԱƣָԼߵĴ鿴θպóԵЩղ˵İģ飬㿴±Ѽ桪
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ôֱŤˡ
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롣ǻе㲻𣿻˵ԼǰҲΪ̫ˣϲ˵
滳ţ̫͵͵Էֻܻǰȷˡ
õԱùһСɳ©תϣǳɫϸɳȥɳ©ײɢҵ͸ᾧģָذŪǸɳ©ɳһҡһΡ
˼ǼʱģġεڵȥҪȥϴ֡
ǵȻֹӦ⡣
ģģأɳ©⻬Ĳõ滳ĵӰЩʣӳϸɳ뾧䣬ҡҡλΣԵøǲһˡ
ں˵ϵ¡ǿʼ֮ǰƻص費Ҫرܣ滳ˡ
ûµģ㡣ô˵ġ
֮˵չزҵûܵʲôպþ·ݺп½ĵزĿб꣬Ǵ㰴ɽԤͶꡣ
ĿǰϿɶõʽͶ滳һֲٰĻҵˣǴٷһֹƱʡҪ³ɽԵͷġȵʱֻҪϵزһúãɢĹȨȻյû
زǷҵ񣬾Щͻֻͳ˸ӡ󡣵ô˽⣬Ҳ֪زǴƼ⣬Ƹְҵˣְۡ
ǴҪƽ룬ֲͬһԷ
ڼҳԾΪڵãҪ̸ķˡ
ţЩɥƲƲ졣
ֻɥɥȻԼѾҪúѧ˾ˣԸԱȻҲȥѧ
һţҲɫֻżġȵȫ롢Ҳ˰뱥ʱźȻǻ
С档ƻ΢ЦЩΣǼҸնԳ尡
ʲô˼
ЩͶȥĿ⣬ֻƷ˿ӣȻЦģȴм档
ţʲôʱ˵õģ
滳𣺡һǰ
Ը߸üβŷ̾˿ðɡȻһҪú࿪Ļ
װڴֱߡ滳Ķ棬ֻǶһšشͷò͡ȴûôƽ
֪ѾеĿӣԼĽԼѡ
Ƕ˴Ӳ滳ֻ
ЦһҪ֪ӲƵˡС棬㵱Ҳô
滳ֻƽصͷϣӲҪ˽һЩ
һһѾײˡ
ֻܹ̬ԼѺͽ㶼ϲƵİְ֡׮ܺ˵ġϺͺ֮ĺƺҲ飬ǡǡ
ƽΪʲôأ
УӡֹĴӸݷǸԸӵĳİҲۡ
ԥ˺һҲûܾǷҪɻʳѾλ⣬¡
ѧƣڳճͶ֮⣬뿪һԼĹң滳պкʵĿԽʶ˴˾ݣװԱ߸
Դ˺ͷֻܰšǡ
ʱȥҲ;ߣȴٳ²һֻ꣬㶵š
̸϶ƺȻע⵽һֱûӣصһ䣬Է⿴ǡƷ׸ء
á
ԹԵ˵ͷһӵĳˡȴȻЩʳ֮ζ
ȻһβָоҸ
ңԶ
ƽ㣬Ǹ顣
һֱǽ㣬еǳһ졢ɿᣬ֪ԼǶԷСá
滳
滳ո˵ôôõĻ̸ֻһ˿һĺۼֻƽ䵭ޱϽûֳԼһۡ
ߣǳͬһˡ
ǣȴ̸ݣֹͬȫȻ֪ܡ
ûôʶԼңԶ
ͬʱĵҲǰδеǿҵءӿһԸ
Ҫվߡ
ǸƽȵģǱչ˵λá
ǸԱԷλãǱɵĺͯһ㣬ϵλá
ĵԸһһһصǻսѪ̵ֻ˻ۣһ㡣
ǰ¶ġ
Ҫվߡ
һһʵֵġ
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ʱͷѾЩˣʱֵҹȵģֻ˿˿ơڳ⡣
Уֻװ˳ϸ˶̫˳·һʱվڳλԱߣֻЩѰ졣
Ǵȿǻǡôȥ
һĬ
ҺͰȡ
Сȥɡ
滳ֻ˵һ룬㱻ǹȥˡЩ޴ŴƣҪܾ㣬ҡ
ǣסգգ۾滳
滳ֻЩرƵģûнĿ⡣ֻǰԼڣҲûĶ㿪֡
Ͼû취ȥ滳ջǵ˵ͷá
ǻس̵·ϣ滳ҲȻܰò죬ֻ𽥵ͳҹɫӴŨضĬĺ
ҪȥԷֻ￴滳ġĿĲ԰ײ
͸ոճʱе񣬶ҲǲԼ
ЩơµദҲ֪Ȼ١ûʲô飬ϲɫˡ䵭úܣһҪôæŲմء۵һҲҪôﲻۡ
ΪոûгԺ
ңʱθ۹
ǣڿӡʻûʲôС·ʱ̲סҵλͣ˳ֲͷȥʣ飿ô
滳ת
ûʲôܰ͸ĺ۾ֻ촽Ⱦһǳķɫ
Щ谵ֻͶЩҡҡҷҷ·ƵĹ⡣ǰ԰׵omega΢΢촽´һƬӨԵüЩһˡ
ȻʱˣĪǸèĲɫƬЦ
ֻ£ԼҲ֪ЦƻǲҪھͽǰĴΪ
ԷʣΪʲôûͽ㣿
һȫ֮Ĵ𰸣еסˣʲô
滳û˵һ֡
۾ǡˡ˼
ȻǺʵûס
Ȳ׶ԷΪʲôҪʣҲԼΪʲôΪʲôûƽ㣿
գգ۾ΪʲôҪƽ㣿
滳۵Сۣ˺һ
˭Ҳû˵
ˡ滳ֻ˵ûʲô
˵գƫĿ⣬ҲŲŲɱķ򣬲ˡ
ʲô˼ͷˮذ飬ι滳ΪʲôΪʲô
顪
Խʣ滳Խת塢ַֻ˵è
գһֱ˼ңҲûܹƢèʳǸ𰸡
סһ裬滳طȥһԡҡŻϴϴּűߣ׼ҵ滳ӻ˵ݰݡ
ԼҪѧ˾£Ҫֵ滳ǽ̵Ǹˡ
ôظһ滳ѡعֻܹԶԶıӰ
֪ԼֻĽӡ
׷ȥһˣ԰桢ײײ׷ȥԶǣ滳½ǡֻܹúվ滳ߡſС
죬ҾͲһѧҲع˾ȥ˵ţЦݰݣ飡ȵʱ°ร


38
峿İ칫ҡ
滳ڰ칫ǰʪĳڣֻŵıֽ
ӡԶԶϰʱ䣬Ҳ滳ճϢ硣첢ûʲôرĹ滳ڵǰһʱ¡
滳ǹʱ뿪ġ
Ϊ˱ǸС档
Ժһ顣
Ϊ¡졪ȥݷļңĸ˳˷Ȼһؼҡ
һȥѵļҡںƴ˺⣬ҲͨٷȷвͬѰĹϵһжܺá
ǣ滳֪Լô¡
֪ϲġ
֮ǰһţҲδκβڡЩССļҡЩԴһֱСĵĶࡣ
ǣΪѺȻʹòˡ
ԽʱĿ⡢СһɵЦǽ㺬Ц顢ϣ滳ޱȵ⡣
ãԼֻǸĪȥˣӦڳ
ѹϵʮչˣ滳Ҳ޷ЩԼͷĨȥ
ʱʣΪʲôûͽ㣿
滳ΪԼõһ𰸣Ϊƽ㰡
Ϊô˵ġһֱ
滳ûаѹЩ뷨
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ǹ˼СȻȫǳ⡣
Ȼ⣬Ҳֻɵؿգգ۾ΪʲôҪƽ㣿
Ϊϲ滳˵㵱Ȼϲ˻ؼҡ
ǳ뷨ڼ׼ֱʱص˵ԼҪع˾Ҫȥҡȫ㹻ɰȥԼƽ㡣
ûС
ΪûУһо͸滳е⡣ЩĪԴͷ
ΪʲôˣΪʲôݶѹأ
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ʱΪ˶㿪ص˸磬ĶӡݲϴʱմʪԼڣǱˡ
ţ滳̾ٻǻ̾Ϣֻ֣ذ˰ܡֻǣʹ˵ЩѹҲȫȻ޼¡
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һ㡣
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ΣǲӦðЩġ滳Ѿ㹻¶ˡǸСһͷˮı飬֪ԼжĪ֡
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ԣҪˡ滳Լ
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ûµġԼûµġܿͻ
ֱȥ滳Ҳ𽥵һضԼĿơ̧Ӳָϸϸޱߵĳ£ڸסǸɼ΢Сۡ
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һµĶ߹ܼ࣬තŮô£ҲʮִƣܼҲԷصǡ
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Сӵĳ࣬֬δʩԲ۾磬ԴЦģĴǣջеӤʡ޳ͦΣ缹װεüãȥֻͬνڵĴһ㣬ʮ㡣
ȥȻѧģȴɰ̬ƽ׶棬ܼǸԵӵܡ
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ԭȴ۷濪ʼѧϰһֱӽӴʵѾȫûˡðЩֱŶһ档
̫ˣģţܼ໹̲סʣ֮ǰҲѧЩҵϵතԽ̹𣿡
ҡ
˵ȷʵѧ裬滳ڽ˲СܣǸ顣
ֻǣͬʱҲܵˡӦðԼ滳Ĺϵ˵ȥ͸¶ˡ滳˵ģһ֪ˣһ鷳
ǣҲֻ˵ҡ֮ǰԼ΢оһʱ䡣
ڵͬʱȻʶԼǸĹϵù⡢ˣԭڱ佱ĳɾ͸Ҳеһ䡣
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ǣֻеȵ°ˣܼǸ顢ʶԷô¡
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Ǿ˵ܻܿǸˡ
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߸ϵĵŮ
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޳ϸĲȻļߣ滳ǹڴµģֻ졭볱ȣӦѶȥɹȳʱƳδϵļ羱
ֻûϸҲֻܹƾģļ䣬ټ
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bmi϶ϸ룬סһ֮ŴһԷһˡ
㹻ʱ䡣滳ý
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Ź澭ûбʲôһʱʮСϸӴǵѾڴȺˣһӭ뾭ԱšҲĴˡ
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ָԼ˵ף⡢ңҶӣ滳裬ûŮ
˵žҪᣬ˻ΣһԵæԼĸףĨ滳ź;˾ˡôƭء
ͷҲ˵Լ顣
ǾǡҽˣǺþöûСֶŮˣҲｻ֪úòá
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ˡ
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ңصظ߹ǳǳӡ滳˵ˡԲζſš
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ҵ˼ǣҿ԰ǽȥʡջ·ĽţȻܺãɫȴǲɵģȥĽӴҵһ
ϣҲ˵˺ֻͬ⡣ݺŵͷáá
ֱ˵ӰӴУӦԹս¥ݼ䣬滳ȥ˸绰˼һ顣
ͷĬƬ̣ȻЦһ
ԡ滳ô˵ǽɡ
ĻǣֻӦá
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滳


39
ȥֻǸalphaվڻ룬Ŀǵó죬鱩ŭҰһشŴٲһ˿ĺۼ
ֻ滳󣬶ȭ߸һҪʩԱ
ŨҵġҩϢسŷ䣬˵һԵɳдᣬ̺Ͼǻƿˤǽ塣
͵رײţ˶ɵһȥ
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æȥԼϵζ
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40
ʱǡ
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ڡ˴οյĲƲƵ滳ָǱͶﾡջǮת˸ȦӻƵôԼƵҲν
Ȼѡɷ۹Ҳãȴֱֺ滳ǸСǸͨbetaŮԣĹôȲalphaɷ򣬵ĸȴ֪ԼӦСܵĻŮࡣ
Ϊ飬滳ּɡ
㹻ɣɶ³ɽԾߵĵزͶʧܣɢ޷ջأò׳ʵĹɷݣԷֹʽɸĺ
ôɷҪ˭أ
ˡҰĵ֧ǣ滳µĹ˾ջء
ϾϻۡҲҳϵŮ

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滳Ϻֳּ̧ͬƽǸΣ㡭
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š
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뿪󣬰칫ڱֻʣ˴ƶһˡһʱģҪЩ˼ĵӳ
ˣ°˼һ󣬺Ȼһ֣⡣
΢Цָ΢ɿóһϢ

СһȥȪɣ


41
ȥģǴµһ˽˶ȼȪ
ȪСɽУïܣڳµİͷţҲ¶ֶе紵ʱɳɳ죬Ķ
Ʋ֣ʶֻӺܶĴβͺ꣬ƽҲٻһԼĵط档˱ֻܴ㣬ǰĿյȴŴƬƬĻ԰ʢá
һġ
ʢװ滳Լһص˼Ҳͬ룬аĻǻ̸Щϵ£ôҲüѿľء
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شõĽɫ̾˿ͷһװ͵
ƫ˵õԵƬҹô˵С
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ƽֺ÷϶иͷǽɫڻ԰ǰѪڰѩϣȻͷ򵽵º쵽õõ塪
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˵ʱ΢ӰڣôԱ豸ءĵʲô˵š
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ӭ滳ͶѯĿ⣬ʣ飬ǴѽֱӴѧУץ𣿡
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˭Լļﰲ˫˷
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Ȼ
飬ô


42
飬ô
վס˽ţЩߡҰ׵ŵƵģٴνУ滳
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Դﱻ಻ϡһŵģɫͷףֱײͷͣһʱҲ˸ոյ˼
ǣ滳ɴҲ벻ԭЩˣֻǱһһǰ
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ڳˮһģʪܵػص˰ϣʯ档
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45
ҩٽƷ˼滳ֻߣ˯ȥˡ
˰޵جΡ
εĸͼ̸ˣȻϤıͿ޽еڽյ⣬һαǸ޸֮СľСŮ
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滳ΪϤĻе֮ǰȴվһƬӰˡ
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ǷԼܹǮԵʽȱ˵ֻǱˮнԼ޷ǼϰʲôæҪԷʱ;ôһˣڵذϣ˵·֮Ųκá

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Ҿò̫áͷС˵ɧһ֪ңһ
⼸ǿԼڵȥңû˶ϵƽ㣬Ҳûʹ˵ûְ취Ҳ֪ʹȥ˵Լȴܾĵبһ
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ŵλɽλ׵һλãӦǼ̳˵ġ
λϣȴһˡҪĳɽĶܣ϶
ڼǳѪԵͳ󿴵滳˽Ĺҡһ㲻ϴסλϣ»ûʶԼǱ˳ͷ
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ֶĺԱ壺ԣ滳ɵ˵㼸䡣Ͻһ͵ϴˡ
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滳ǿ
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ЦһӦǰɣ滳
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滳ֻ䵭ƿĿ⡣
ӶˡƽֻһŲÿµİɡ
Ӷ룬һ˫˫ɲ۾Ǵְһոµ̲ʮ롣
ζϣ滳ͷһʩʩȻ
ڼ̳˵ף̧ˣƽ΢΢ס
ɡ
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ͷƵֶĩλεͨ죬ûҲǡϯҲǡ
滳ûٿֻƽԵ̸ϵĹ
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Ůĸġò毺áϸഺõͣ԰׶üĿʹʱ˳ˡ
ʹһȹµذԵĳȹ컷УɽõԼomegaŮΪһôͨΪԼͼٵ档
ƫƫһ˫ФԼ۾
ᡢҰĲ˭ˣ˵滳Ů˴ϻۡҳϡ
Ϊϼ̳˵ļֵԶһഺٵomegaŮļֵߡ
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滳
滳ӡ
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һУ滳ɫƽߵǰֶӵǲˡ
͵վס졣
ҡҲšҲţ
˫ĿѪ̵زԼôеȨΪ滳΢Ұ֣ǰ滳
ԡԣҲţô˵Ұ֣㡪
һӵϣǿнߡ滳ֻվ̸ƽԼ죬˿΢һһ
ɽδ¥һٷȻûʲôɳԵġǣӦⳡ־֮滳Ҳܿ뿪
Լĳ³һ
ͷⱭˮ˿ΪʾԵȨǶ֪߾˭ΡΪ滳ͨѪԵȨѱһĵĹɽԼΪ
⣬ȨȻᱻջءɽ顣滳µĹ˾չϵĴɷݡ
һж滳Ԥ֮С
ȴֻǸеһƬհס
հףмȵƣ롣
滳۵Ҫֱ˯ȥȴ޷ֹͣԼجεĿ־塣
ԼǸӰˡ
ηԼһ˯ȥԻǸӰ滳˯
ô۾ãֱ𡪡һ˽˺룬֪ȡҪôǰҪôǽߴӲĸҦԣ
ˣǸİĺ룬滳Իǽˡ
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滳
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滳˺þãűϳǸȷʵʵĻþ
Сֻ̫ͨһͷصȴһԲ
֣滳ܹͨһͨ绰ʻ

滳ƣߵؿڼʻλУǻкȻӿһǰδеĿ
˵
𣿡
㶣ܿϲشӦˡ滳Ǳһȫĵַ
ҶͨʹԼָλãȻͣϨ
ȻתĻеߡ
滳нѪԼĶͷ¡𽥸ɺԣˮƤʵϡ
ֻ۾һ۾ѪĲˮ̵ۣʪ·ǰ󱳣ͷ˿ϵѪ˲ʵС顣
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جز֪ȥãĳȻᱻˡ
滳Щٶ۵ؼŤͷ
͸ɫĲȥֻСЦ
Ŀ˵滳ҵ
滳ƿ˳š
򡪡
˽Ǹᶨ̫һůڵĻ


46
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һûüߣǼȴȻᵽʪѪζ
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滳alphaŮŻˣ˭۸ˣ˵ˣϲءַ£ҿ
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ѵѵԼʱŵˣ²ԭֻгθиһʱ޴룬ٶСطˣԼŻ˻ˡ
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̧֣ݲݺѶԷԺĳվ飬ǻس
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47
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51
»ǡĵӡ
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һ벻ݵǼȷʵԶٶ³СʱҲˣ滳ƽʱ°໹Ҫһ㡣
ʱ䣬ƽϰʱ򣬶һ³ͣٲҪһЩʱ
Ҳ˵ͨŶôţȻԼȻҡ
ڰˣҪ滳֪ҪЩĶأ
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滳еãȻؿԲ֪ΪʲôҪ
Ȼָ֣˴ա
һ΢գǻڼձߵһ
úȻסŭҲ۲ˡ
ʲôѽ飡Ūƹˣֻ˦˦ͷֹֻ֣ؿҪֶŵģѽ滳һأ
滳СʣΪʲô
㶼ˣ
ôߣȴȻԼûиס
׷滳Ŀǰֻѹϵ
ԼǸû
뵽͸ˡͷɥ˰Σʮ־ɥ˵Ҫס
滳ûţ
ιסڣض滳۾ڵ
㲻Ҫס
ǣĴסˣ
ԼڴһֱŵСӣ򿪡
˿ϵһ
ϸϸʣ·ѩɵһ㣬ѩ״׹һССġŴϸ͸ˮˮ͵Ĺ¶̫һɫǶ鲣״ȴһָɫ·ȼŲĳȺ档
ǡѩŮͯѩӵƬࡣ
ǡң˵֪ΪЩŵһ£ԼƵģΪ㣬顣
˵ţǣ滳Ϊϵϡ
ϵ滳ģﻹδҲڸװ¡ֻԼ᲻СĴʹڸǵδ˿ڡ
滳סˣҲ滳
ԣԼţͷô˵滳㲻Ҫȥףòã
˫¹һġĺ۾ԼĵӰ
Ҳҡ

滳
滳ֻǴͷСöССġŻɫĵ׹ָشĺģá
ȻȻסָ۾·ҲڵȼһССĻɫ

˵
ܰɣ


52
ðӦͷЦܡ
滳վӿȺŻ᳡ʽıشУƹеıӰ˵Ŀյ¶̨
ںЩ¶̨š
գһжǸ
ֻʣ½ġϼɫĻű任״ƣǶˡ
滳վûüſֻŲźģңԶʢᣬس
ӳ˰
ۣ顣󣬿¶̨ĲãС̾ôá
¶̨ϰյʻ̨ϲϸ뻨䣬¶̨һŽķһԴӣɳֲں󡣶ϳһǳɫʻ⣬Ĳ͵ʳȻʳȴҲޱȷʢɫȥ֪ʮζ
˵һΪҪء
ġ滳˵֪ܾˡ
˵ţߵ߸ߵֲԲɳ£˶ݽ˸ƮƮʵصС
ܾãЩ󣬡֮ǰҲ𣿡
滳𣬡ҸеʱɽҲΡ
ʱɽҪԼomegaŮ⡣
Ȼʱûг꣬ȴѾʮˣഺִۡõʱ
ʱ滳Ҫ롣
ÿһⳡ磬ǰʾõˮһԼӿִȥžƱ̸Ц
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ֻ硣ÿһ硣Ϊϵ¶ϯǳϯ䡣
ߡ
忪˦¾ĳȹװһУϣԼ֡ԼĳִҲԼеĶˡ
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Լܹ˳עĿĳĵ뿪С΢õ룬Ѿܹļˡ
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վalphaŮ𣿡
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š滳˵ͷºܶġ
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ˡ
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滳ӹ֭С˵Сƹ
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֪ΪΣܵľٶҲйʱǡǣʱǸ񱳺ӵƵơ
ǣо滳żֱ۴ഫЩŵʣֻԽԽ졣
滳ȴɫƽ糣ҲܷɣֻǰؿߣָŪԼС׹
Ϊ΢΢ĻζɢĳҲ֮ᶯҡţͬ˿һ㡢㣬ա
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ЩͷɥβƵӦš
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Ͼֳϵᣬ͵Ŀζǲģ˴ͳͲʽ֮⣬ּ˲ʽ͵ƷĿڰɨ˸أԼҪĶ۾ܿˡ
ֱӣס滳ߣڴʣ飬ҿʲô
滳ɳССڵؽεؿһۡ
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滳Щüë˭
˵ǸŮӡҲûôඣ
Ƭ̣ݣǸǳɫС㰫٣Сһֻ
滳ͷ˵ˡš
ô˵ţ֪ʲôȻЩ͵Цܡ

һӵԲ۾˼ɵݡ
飡̧ߣۣ㻹˵㲻׵ģ㿴ı顪
滳صһۣҡҡͷԼ˵ˡ
飬飬һӲȥԱߣʲôҪôصǵ˵ʲôҲ֪ġ
滳ȻϻػɴȥԷҪɶĴġ
ѽ
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˶ֵˣһɵ簤ż硢һٶˡ
΢΢ͷȥֻɳİ˵ĳ·֯һ㣬ڵֱ滳ǳЩ΢΢žӲӳµϦͬġԵ为
ںһϣ滳Ϊֶ΢գ˫۾͸ʻɡ
֣ش˶Էա
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ָ˷ãϸءš
Ȼ˵ͷһ𣬱һɵĽᡣ
滳ֻעָ
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ġʻ¶̨ڸߴֲںǷ·벣ͷӰ׵ظֻǴһ밵ɫսİС硣
ֻ簤ż硢ͷͷʱ·ҲΪǶֹͣšϦ䡢Ʋٴƿڵ뱭СϸϸĻﲻΪ΢Ĵûǣ֣ȴ֯ͬһ׵ĺ
ǹ̫ˣ滳ļѾ۾
Ҫ𣿡С˵¾˿⣬滳֣е
滳ֻСС˵ͷ
Լװף滳ķ˿׸˸ϡ
ȻҲ۾
˴˵¶Ǿؿһķ˴ų˰硣
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ȾµףԭԼĳ㣬ٻͷʱǸ滳ѾСܵģ룬װһ˿εؿס󣬻һ˿㡣
滳ڽˣ֮ǰԷ˵ġԶ⹫˹ϵЩš뿪ʱҪҪߣ
ǵá滳кҿ㣬˵仰ˡ
ͷมá
ô˵ȻͬУȴٲֳܱ¶̨еܡ
Żȥ滳һ˲ʱеһ仰òԶ䵭Ĳ԰ײֻȻһֵĴ
ڸһ
ҹĻ£յЩߵ뿪ݣҹɫ֮ʱӭһ⣬˸ת滳᲻䣬ȴȻԷɫƺЩ
˳滳ȥֻһӰվڲԶǸųװǳɫͷŮˡŮalpha
Ǵʱ⣬ҲõԷϢζŨ̼Ҿƣһ˿޵ķ㣬Ժһʹܹÿһϵľ͵⡣
ԴӷֻˡŵϢϲľalphaΪ˲𣬶ϢزܲˣͷųɧˣⶼԱˡ
ʶվǰһ滳
滳ֻ΢΢ɼҡҡͷȴûȥ˼
˵ùܡ߰ɡ
ࡣԣalphaŮü߹Сܣѵôˣò׼һ棬˵һ䡪
һԵݣһ˫ǳɫüɫΡ
ûʲô˵ġ滳ҪʲôԻȥٿɶᡣʱҲ١
СܿῪЦŮ˾Ц⻰˭ˣҪΪЩɶѹˡ˾ǻ߬𣿡
ȷ滳ֻǵɫ䵭ĵЦҲ߬øһЩҦԣ˺β͡
˵գֻתߡ
滳Ȼ㲻ʲôʱġ
alphaŮ˵ﺬŹŹֵЦ⡣
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Ҵϣȴ˯⡣
ȣʮģֻǱԼƽ壬ͷддҪڽԼĸ׼ƻ
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ֻҪһԼʱǸСʱ滳Ǹ΢΢Ц飬üĵֱĥ
˺óóʱ䣬滳Ǹ߸ϵġ䵭Сܣ𽥻¶ЦݡЦģ
ôǷǵһμ棬滳ͻΪǸ˶¶ֱ飿ѵΪǸŮرɰ
ЩĪˣǸʶ˵ɲĻŮalphaжԷǸҲޱΣա
֮ס
ҪסһҲˡ
ͷƽϳŸֽܱʼػŵͼԱŻʾͼɳɳɳдñʼⶼҪð
׵ص㡢ʱ䡢׷ʽҪɹʡ
űͷڤ˼롣пסĵطλԼԿǣҪĸ׼ƻ
ٲף滳ҪĿɰСˣ


53
Ϊ˱д׼ƻӣ类ߵ׼ʱʱȴȡһӴӴɱȥϴȻ󻻺·嵽
滳ѾеԱˣڽⶳҪţšյԼ緹滳Ϊ𴲵ʱҪһЩ³
̶оԣԴӽȡ
ƽϢôɣеҹߵ˼㹤Ϊϰһһ۵ؽϢϢʱҲҪ˯
ߵʱһʮֺ滳Ҳ࿴ۣôô磿
ûлشֻվ㶵ؿϵΧȹ滳Ȼٳٺ˶䡣
ĺͬõİ°
Լ滳Щ󣺡
˸飬һӻعǱץ飬ûУҡҸոʲôҲû룬ģ
˵
滳εؿһۣû˵
ЦǴ飬ȥ򶹽
СţźܿáðɢʵҶϣһ󼦵ĺ춹ȥƤкõƻ滳˼һȱλñС
顣죬
滳һۣû
ðɣţ˵ԺͲèǱáװССģСӡ
һСӹȽסˡ
̧ͷֻĹĵ滳һЦȻ󽫱Сӽ
ַգ滳ҲջĿ⣬ˡ
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֪ʲôʱв˵ѾͣˣֱֻalphaŮϴżΪЦ⣬֪ʲô
ǹŹֵ߼Ҫʵʻһ㡣滳üڣС󣺡
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ΪƫӲܸոϴʱмմʪĳȴԱųѵģԵúЩɵġ
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á滳ЩãȻԭأǣҪʲô
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ǰһʱֽд˴ӰԡӰС˵ѾѼķ̫Ϸ绯Ǹ̫ȤҪô̫̫ʽﲻһ˿ԼϲȥҲô⣬òѡ
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˼ʣȻһ̧ͷֱֱײ滳ѶԵЩʵĺ۾

룬»ڶš
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״滳ЩãȻüţ
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ɷسЦ
԰ô飬ܲɣպҹ˲࣬ȥԵ㶫顣
滳Щص˵ͷ㱻ǣ˳԰ķ
⻹һ԰
֪ʲôƱߵʲộֻ֪ԼزĽŲǵçײůǣ֮£ͨؽֻڶʱɵξвųֵġǺͯ԰
ΪҹԭĿ˹Ȼ࣬ӵȴҲ壬һĶʵĹ԰
һȺǡ˫ɶԵˡһˣһСǱЦţ𽥻谵ġĻֵ֮ͯܰʻ
á
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ϲˣҲ˶ĵطʱȺеֻš
ǣȴز
վġ˲ɫʯͯƵĽֵͻȻǸһ԰ͨСЦʹֵͯ
һļŵھӼҽĲ·ԼѧУֻˮϴԱϴ½ոµıѪ;գȻϱʪϣĵѹԼʵʵ롣
滳վԶǱĲʵյĽ紦ػزֱиϸСȻϴһϸϸϲ
̧ȥֻǣһ޴Ĳɫվ
ͨڿУ紵һҡһΣ۾ģƽһĲЦݡ
飬˵ǣţòã¶ĻҪҪϵϣ
Ҫ滳С˵ֻȴ֣ӹǣεץסˣᶪġ
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жʵ̫һҾʢޱȣ滳ûܷӦѾǣ󡢷ɿȹķȥģֻǵսеŷߡ
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56
ԣǻһȥӾˡһ˽Ӿء
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ҰǶôϲӾﲻ㣬ôҲ֪ʱôӾʲôųʱô˵һֱţֻʱѹ
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ࡢৡһӺ͸ˣ


57
ǵʪԴżӲݴлͣڼձߡ
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ж˯ҲɢȥˣԲ۾յͨ죬ŵǰalphaŮ
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ֽΪոյı˵ţܲõЦΪҪӵˡΪǵһ죬΢һ㡪һҪŶ飬ʱΪء
滳ͷǶС컨ԼֱժСƬϣһɡ
һҲֻܴǴչǣ㲻ϲ𣬴飿
ҪǲϲĻҾûȥŶ
˵ţҪĿƬ滳һӳ֣䵭غһۣöСƬջ˿ڴ
˵ҵġ
״ЦøˣЩβ͵ص顪
滳Ҫ𡣡
Ŷ˵һŶ
ܵһͷȥ¹﷭˺һֱܿһɫֻܻеؽ·ǰˡ
飬alphaŮ˵ţڴԻȹҲǳģֻҴһΣѾϴɾˡ뻭
˫۾滳ʵ޷˵Ҫ
ǣ·ȥͷķﻻڻͷʰġ
·ȷʵ˵ǳɫ˿ȹϣķΡǳɫȻ´šֱϣպܹסݵùֱֵۣҪ̹¶⡣
ΨȴıȻʮȴױ͸˿񣬿԰׼ɫ
Уǡ
滳ЩΪѵرֱۣΪǰӦĿյжã˵Լ
˲Լգٴֱۡչ羱ֵܱøȻЩȻ̤˻ҡ
ͻ̽ͷ
˳ȹ滳ۡһ۾ޡ
飬alphaŮŵˣ¾ĺúʡ
۰Ͱ͵滳ҿ԰Ūһͷ𣿡
滳ͷܵĿռ䣺Ÿ߽𣿡
ҡҡͷšػΧĿռһھɣ
ɿ죬һСɳƵյ룬滳һˣȻ׵һ߸Ūͷ
֮俿ʵЩˡ
İĳȹظܵ滳ɳЩӲ
׹ɳԡ΢΢ǰֻרעĳһƣ˿Ϣľ䡣
ʱ˫ǳɫԵЩİ
滳עalphaŮ˫Ư۾ãֱ塢øЩʶ˶㣬ơؿԼؿڡ
Щͣסˡ
ŲŲ滳̫ܣô飿
Ǹ滳˾µ°ڣС˵¡
ȹӲ㴩¡
ϱᱡ촩ɫģɫһӾͻ͸ȥ˵һ¶ļˡ滳Ū˼飬ǺǰɫôôԵøĴۡ
ԣյģϰʲôҲûٴ
ȹȻܹסǰصλã滳̲ס壬ΪŹֵı¶жٳ޷
СΪ̫ˡ
̫ˡ
Է忿ȶȷڼϣؽţҲе֡
滳߬Լ°ڵֽɣǿջߣͼԼƽ糣ûʲô
ȴ㶵ضǣײ˲һ˸ڡغ쵽˶⡣
Բ𣡡alphaŮŻƿߣҡûʲôҲûС
һ˵һԵøˡ
ôŵͬͬŵذ˼³ܻػ棬ԼҲˡ滳ĽǶȣպÿõ¶İͨĶ䡣
ˣԼҲ⺦ֱŤ滳Цһ¡
룬
ͦһ̨ϵͳ̫õıʼǱԵģ¿졢ɢôһֱãֱѾǦʡǳǳ˲ݸֻ¶Ķ⻹ǺģɰҪ
飬ߴŲݸ壬һ߻ţҺþûˮҲ֪ửʲôӡʵһʼͷģ񰢶߯˹պҲַȹӡ
Ů񡣡滳˵𣿡
ôһ㲻̫񡣸оʡalphaŮ˵Ҹһ꣬Ҳ֪
滳ббɳ첲壬ЩӣɴҸƲɡ
滳е㲻һû𣿡
ȻalphaŮӦҾǿȻзΧӰұ۾ܻ
š滳Ӧá
ȻӦˣȴԱԭƣһ˫۾طŴ
ȵ˵׸壬̹˼ɫ֮һ̧ͷŷԼģز֪ʲôʱѾᵹĳɳ۾ȫ˯ˡ
ͷķ΢΢һС飬ֱȻȻشǰĲ΢΢ճ壬ǳ׵˿͸԰׵ļɫ
ͷڵġЩҵʧȥԭʱһ˿ֻ΢΢δķβڼ羱ԣס˶Ѿǳǳ˿ڡ
ֻһĺڷ޷촽ߣźԵҲ۶
ǰ滳Ҳ˺ֻԼĺһ㣬ͻὫ˴ˡ
Ǳʪܵģһ棬ͨĶǲݮһ
׽סģԶĮԶңԶ滳ǵġ
·ӦóͻеͼһֻˣҲֻǾվȻ߹ȥ
ǰ߯˹
滳ǰȥ촽ϡ
֮ǰǹġΡ
ܽ
ˮеľ飬ࡢ͸ͬɽȪˮ·͸һȾ
ǳͬˮ壬ɢڲ԰׵ļǳ˿֮䡣
ס
ǵã滳Ĵġָ



58
ɽȪˮľ顢͸Ů߯˹ߵá
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滳ȴֻȻذ˯촽޷΢΢ſһƳڴߣ΢΢£촽Щɫĵۺ졣
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Ҳ˺ٳٲٶ
оõ滳ǳǳϢձߣŹɱҶϢϢζ
λʱ
ǻײ죬ǣüѪҺҲڷ̡滳հ׵̫ˣַŵɫ
ͨͨͨ
Լĵ
Ҫ
Ҫ
ҲҪʲô
ռС
ǸڹѪۡռ
ӵӶᡢռomega
ȵͷԺһһȥˣԼ뵽ʲôͷ
գ촽Ҳֻǲ԰͸գͣƬ̡Ȼ뿪
ССġ࣡һ
Ƶ̧ͷʱ÷ɿ졣
ֻ֣Ὣ滳ƴĳڶ󣬱ҴƵĶ˻֮δɵĻֻֽԼͷأԺߣÿҪ͸ˡ
Ϸ·𻹲΢С
еĿڸУֻһ𣬺һ滳Ϣصζ
ʶԼԾػոǵյĴʱÿֱҪӶðڵ
ȻԴȴֹס˫ɫġ΢΢ſ촽
ĺһ£볢һǵۺɫζ
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䡢Ȼ֮ǰҲǹˡΣϾǽ֮󣬼ĵһǡ
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Ͼ⽫ǵһʽǡ
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ڽٵѹȥҲ𽥲ˣʰ𻭱ʣõɫѸ˳ȹ׹Ӱ
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ԼеŮֿɳ˯滳ǲɵССЦݡ
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alphaŮô˵ţû滳΢һ㣬ȿȥ˾ѽ϶ٵġﰲֺã˵˯úܺء
ӣѾѴҪ˵ġ滳ϴԱ߰ϴˣҲֻõͷð
ͺٺһЦԲ۾ֻС
ôһʱ䣬⿵ļ˵ͻͽ˵ʹܱȣһļҳ˶ģˣ΢һЩżŻҪ
ڳԭҪõʳ滳ȥɳֻϷ滳ȴʵڲɳϵš
ϾһԴӤʵֱԼЩôɵԸ
һڿҿڳͷˣӰССһ滳һͯıŤС
ȥæˡպȥʱڰϺߣе㾪ȡ
飿̧ͷϻһ㲻֪ɫϣȥѽܿͺˡ
滳ϴ֣ͰԼǸͯ۶˵ˡ
õɴ۾ҪϺ
顪ĹĵطϺӣɴ磬˭ͯңҲǽأ
滳Цʪָһùգ˵С
ҡҡͷ˦ֻ֣ؼ
գһϺʣϹңŹǺһˣʳҵĺ׷ʮּҳĲʽƲ϶ôɣ׷΢Ŷˮڣζúðġ
ʱߵӣɫʵ𽥰ȥˣжĵƹ⣬͸Ĵƹ봰ҹɫ
ںãһժΧȹһ߽
飬վŸأԷѽ
ڵһõİȴһڼҵġһ޶ĸо
滳ص˵ͷҲڲˡ
ù֮һŲݮסڡͯĸۣϳ˳Լʰꡣ
飬˻вȥһߣԳ극;ˮҲСʱٳԡҪȻײʱθŶ
滳ԽϴõĹ̷ڲ輸ϣԼڿĵȥ
ɫشĻѾεɫЩ͸ıʯڽ⣬޺ĹҲȣԵޱȰ
ûϼȦϴ꣬ˮʧִ֮۵ĹŹ֪Щʲô
滳һʱЩ棬ǳţһʱҲȷͷСûŪʲô¹ԼŪ֮󣬵Ҳȥˡ
ûк̫áŰСʱҹɫװʱ㱧˳š
滳ɨһۣϳֻŸӣͷʲô
ֻֽϴõĹϡҲȻЦ
߰ɣ滳
ȥģ
ֻ˵֪
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ҹ΢գ£
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alphaŮ۾ֳٳûдոΪȥţѾſ󡣴ʱ߿տյģһûС
ûһ
滳ԼͷŻˣʶԼǶһվںڰ޹ĸ¥Ȼ壬еһĵսֻš
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滳Щˡ
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ƫƫֻУ԰ʱõķ֮һбǶʱ䣬ıؽ޹ĲֿʲôҲʲôҲûУײšҲȸ߸ߵĴ
ֿ⣬ԭаǼͬѧĴЦǾЩЦҲԶȥȻһж׵׹˰
滳ǲµġʱµüҪˣֿտشָž֪Լĺڰʲô̬Ķǲݷʱ̳Դ
ֳܱһ˿һ
ֻҪ¶˿־壬Щ˾ͻŵѪζһӵϣ׽ס䱾ءֶԴԴȡ֡
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ʱ߬ſڴĵʱ߬ԼΨһϵһݣΪ˵ֿ־壬ֻǽ۾һһ顢Щʣ
صرţ亹͸Уɺһαʪ͸ʱѾһôãȴûҵԶᱻ֡ᱻһֱȥ
滳ÿڴֱ촽ѪڣɤҲ˻ƣһΪԼҪˮιȥˣջûС
ŹġСʱ֮ڱ֡ЩվԶ֣
ѧУһＸǼԺյүС㣬ʦôܵأ滳ңȻɽŲʡֶԴּɡ޲Ψһࡣ
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ǲһġ
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滳ŵüҪ

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Ҫ̲סֻŵǸ˲䣬滳Ȼ˺ġꡪĲ

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̵ĺڰõǼٵһ
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滳˳ӵ۾
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׺ǹҹɫʽ촰֮Уֻһͨĸ¥һ֡

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飬˸ػô
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滳ص˵ͷš
ﳬõġalphaŮ˷ܵС˵СʱżסһֱֻҪãܿöࡢöǣպˣҾ㿴šýر磡ҾúɺɣصΪ׼һ
գգ۾滳ֻ˫ĺ۾˿ӳ˲õǹ⣬ҲҹյһƵģʪܵضҡţһ
󡢴飬alphaŮЩææ֣ס滳󣬡ôҪ𣿡
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ͷë޶ңһֻСԼܴܴɨѣÿϺçײطȥײĻԺǳһ䡣ڵҪͱҪ˵ĻħȣŸϰصɨ˴ȥ
֪ҲЦ⡣

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ӭĿ⣬alphaŮһЩˣɫԲ۾ϸһԾѣһЦС
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ǡǸ顭
ȻalphaŮ˵ʮ֣أȴֺ
ȡ졣
תЩŵʣ롣
죬滳ȥԼɣ


59
յ硣
滳ڰ칫ǰԼ㱨չƻĽչ
װڣгѾõƣϵĹɼ۴ҹ￪ʼ˻СɶΪҲ𽥼١ĿǰڶɢֵĹƱչ
ǣǴѧʱ򴴰ĻҵҲһ¹ʵй桢ɽչϹɷݵĹ˾
ֹĿǰϵĳֹɱѾﵽ26.6аŮʿĸ׺Ůʿ5ϼλµ4.5˵ţԤһ𵴽ֵɻ0.2ңﵽ6
滳ţȻ˿ڣʣµ5ôû㣿
װĿǰ㷨滳9.3ĸ˳ֹɣԼԼΪܾŵ2ټ滳µĹ˾ɶ֮еѡ
滳˵ʣµ5ǡ
װؿ͵һ׹
ʱһͷ亹ɫףϰ塣

滳ֻ˫еؽŷϣƽ΢Ц
ɽҪɷݣšҽҩҪȥȥˣЩɷݺλá
̸ݡֻǿϧãѧȴȻδ¾ϡ
װɫɷף滳ٳ˵һ仰
ʱ滳Ͼû˵úޣȻҲĴżֽңǱѡԼҪֿܡ滳ϰѧû֪飬ֻһڵŵˡ
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ǱϾϣӴľˣ5Ĺɷݡװеĳ˶ࡣǸҽҩֹ˾ܾλá
Ǹʵλãж³ŵ֣Ҳйľƽ㹻װչͼĶ
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alphaһ˥ȥꡢŭУҵϵˣ滳ȵÿҪݽƺ⡢ȨıһֻûС
װ׽ˡչĹɷɽевȻ֡
װ˵ԶǸѡӹףҳϵĶ滳ĸףӵеĶȴڣԶʧ
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ǣ滳гڵţһ֮Ҫս϶ӴϣΡĸɽӰһٲ۵ʯ飬ݺ۵
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ңװɤɬ滳ҡûС
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ǵûͺáǵǻڵѧء
جج겻װͳȥ󣬰칫ֻʣһˣҪ
Լѧʱֵжôгʤȯգȵܹһ˺滳ЩƣнαУ۾³һ
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Ǹ桢ࡢõ̫һalphaŮ
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ϾҦԣʱͬͬѧҲڹ˼СȦʼͶǸЦ֪飬ûһ㷴ӦֻԹİ衣
ǴǸʱ滳ϵԣŻڴѧʱҵ
ŷļһһļϣֻǸеľ滳ȻκκøС
ңͬһ㶼ϣҦԣع
ҦԣǸһʱģ֪᲻ͨѶalphaŮ˵ЩʲôǸЩѿһҲԸĹ¡
УѧУȥ֮һͬѧ׷׳ЩܻζڡҦԣˡ
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뵽ףĺ𽥲һڶ⡢˷θսЦһʱ·ֻصϡθš滳Ѿʼ亹ˡ
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ЩͷԼԺգȥһЩġصĶ硢硪
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Ǳһ׽סԺͷҲϷ֡
Լˣ°ʱҪȥԼᡣ
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1047°໹кþúþá΢ǸżʻСͷ򰲾֪æͨڹʱ
滳ĵͷһηЩϧϸ΢ͷͬһƬӯë
֪ʱЩֻѾɢһˣ˫ԲԲ۾ǳԼڴ
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ڤ˼ԼһԼճ̰š
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Щ￿׵ʵ٣ҪˣһȺ˶ӿԡңң͸ˣıʱֱҳһ˿ģƭˡҪǸңңŵڶͻᴫֶ
ƽ˵˽̫ˣʵڲȥԼ˵ö˼䣬ͻһӱϳԼ˵Ķ˭Ͼʱ򻹸߹òҪñ֪֮Ĺϵ֪ƽǷС
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˿̣ϢԶָĵһԼᣬոմڹԼҪʲô·֪ʶ
ϾεôḻǣܺߣǽԼ뷨˳
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ЩءһûӦô¡һϢͷԼεˡһĿĺɫ̾š
գգ۾ãȻһֻ÷·
ȻʲˣǾֻһˡ
֮ط˺üʮҳվҪȥӰ
Ƕô˵ڻ谵ӰԺ粢ţȵӰݵ˻ŶʱͿԳʱǣ֡
滳ϲ˺ܶĵط԰ȥ˽ӰԺ
ȵʱǻȥץޡպЩ϶رУ˵ץ͸档
ȻҪһȻѾˣſԶõ塣Ӧöõ壬ǴͳķɫĻҲܺãС
ͷڸ첲ϣһһֵؽƻý¼ţ䲻̵ֳЦ
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ƿŵ滳۾ģæѽ𣿡
滳·alphaŮе㾪ȵ۾ûдװ顣ҼǵϻǼɫװ
ϰʱǴ˵ġ
滳͡
İװЩӦָֻؾ׵һǣ̹ϵӭalphaŮעӵĿվţȴĪظее㷢ա
ΪԼᡣ
⻹滳һԼᡣЩϣԼ֮ǰƺӦĽԼװһôһ⣬ԼҲҪǰֵøЩİ֮Ŵһ¡
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Ȼ滳һķδʩ죬Сװסͬɫףֻг¶һ԰ϸļ
ȻȴĪɫϵĳȹ㣬ϸ֫ߣµĳҲصش΢һԵɶһöСС鷢
һڣ¶ϸݵ׹ŵ͸ƽʱʱ滳ԶԶԵøɡҲ
滳ɫִһڴͲڰĺ۾ǳǳҡҷšȴǸ𰸡
ҡҡλεسŽһ

ǣһʱסˣٳûܹ˵
ĳĬ滳ˡ
滳֪ԼÿǻŲ·Сָ˽½ǣ
˸飬ڻعҲǣסЦ
˵滳ÿƽʱҪÿ
˵滳һӺ˶䡣
ǣ˳alphaŮǣ¥һֱʱħƵĴӺһ
㡣ǲ̫ĵɫܴһ滹ŵ¶顣˵ӦûԻؼ᳤úܺá
顣˵ţȥӰòãȥӰԺ˽ӰԺҪĻǻؼҿҲԡ
ȥͨĵӰԺɡ滳ش𣬡ð
ĳϣǴͳԼص㡣룬ӦûʺϵһԼɣ
ΪһڽӰԺﲢرӵӣȴԤƬŵڵġı׻ζ
滳ԼֻЩĴӰԺ۾ӰԺĻɫƹԵøģҲеӿһŨҵθ
飬ӰԺҲûɣ
˿˻ԤƬܿѡҪĵӰһӰȥƱ滳ȥ׻ϡ
ʳĶЩ滳һӣű׻ֻʱȴδԼüλüˡ棬ڸ߽ŵϵһҲʼûӰ
ȥˣ
ܿµĵӰʼƱ볡ϢվӿһӰڡİ֮У滳𽥸еһ˿ֻš
ҲվĴңźȻǸȺеӰ
Ա߻վһŮ˺ܵվһʲô

ʵ滳֪ǸŮ࣬ڵͬ£һͲomegażᵽġС򡱡ġ
ǸСͣһЩźܿɰİͶȹalphaŮ΢΢ߣ˲֪˵ʲôЦŵСβһҡһε⽿á
滳ʱע⵽ԷҲһС
رɣҲǴ׵鷢
һģһ
滳ӲվֻȻһֳ嶯Լϵöˤ飬ǾҲûһˡ
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滳վԭأȴͶһעӣԼͬ¡˽ǵĹϵҲֻǿֻǿ
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ֻalphaŮЦòãüɫǰѡ߸һ滳֪ʲô˵ʲô԰ЩomegaͷͬɷػӦȻЦһţÿֵģ
˵ţԱߵ޻ȥ
ǡأ
Ҫ
滳֪վȴֻǷȻҲò𰸡
á
ˣ롣
ǿġĺ䡣ʺֵУ԰
ǺһֵˣЦôġԼʹÿÿָ᷸ĴalphaŮҲòѹеչΣ޷Ļɡ
涼Ҫһ㡣
վʵ̫Ǳˡ滳ֻǱ˵ʳشȺ˽Ǹλˡ
ʱȥĻϵԤƬ˼֡
滳ʱ䣬ѾԽʱˡһǳӰĻ
Ȼ̨޻ǰ˵ЦֱţͷҲû̧
ԣǲٿ
滳ԼӰԺ̫ȤٿĻҲ뿪ˡֻǣһʱҲûԷȡϵķϢĻæץޣƲῴҪҹȥʣƺ̫ˣʲôһ
ǱҲûڽȻҲ㲻Լᡣ
Լ˵ġ滳ǣеЦؾ˾ԼɫİĿšԼʱ뷨
롭ƯЩ뿴ˣġ
ǣʲôء
ôҪֵúʣվҲû취Ϊ˰
ЩͷԺתתȥٳٵò𰸡
֪˶೤ʱ䣬ͷ𣬽滳Լ˼ɬԹлѡ
飬˵ţе㼱ҴҵģôϢþãӰҪˡ
ԣǾȥǳӰԼһ
滳˵Ǹ
һӰ滳û겻ᡣֻǰӣ³Լ˼УҪŪԼؿﵽʲôƵ÷ۡ
ƺҲһ֪ΪҲĲɵģʱʱҪŤһ¡ƵƵɫ֣ض࣬ƺҪ˵Щʲô
ɾôᣬֱӰҲʼһδ

滳֣ǣڷӳе߿աҲվ׼볡ʱֱˣ
˵ʲô𣿡
alphaŮ㶣ԥǷӦÿڡ
²Ժӿ
滳³
ǡǸ
˺þãڲܹ˵
ǡ滳ǿǣ𣿡

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Ȼ滳еЦ
ôãһֱһֱԥ֣صòˣΪʲô಻顣ǡҪʲôԼ滳ûرĸ飬Ҫڵ״̬ء
ֻǣֶѰ
ش𣺡԰
ǣ滳ֻ̧֣طalphaŮһֻ֣˵ֱʮָ۵ģȻһֻ֣ͬʮָۡ
ǣ֣ů͡
ֺȡȡҪ˶ڻˡ
ʱalphaŮͺˡ
ʱʮָۡվţߵú쵽˶⣬Բ۾ע滳һŴĺƻ

滳ֻȻеһѹӿ
ʲôҲ֪
֪ԼںʲôһǶǵҲ֪滳ǡҲøϲĶ
Щ浽Ĵڵǣ֡
ΪʲôҪǣ֣
ڸ֮ǰǹԼġѾڡԼᡱˣѵҪ
˵˼һҪȸסԼᡢǣ֡ӵֱſԽǡȻϵ
ԼĶҲֵȴô
ԭжڴʱһͻжʧһ㡢һ㡢һڴ𿪰װޱȵľϲȴֻ濴һ̲񡢸òҰ׵
ʧġһʧʧ
Сܵȵô
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˫ңԶԲλͫףпԼɱĵӰҲǸʩЧĲ԰װΡ
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ǿԵȥ˺ܾõʬϱġɢζ飬ͻأ
ǸomegaŮͷϵģ
ǸŮķϣǿԲС鿴ɰй󡢱Ƥ鶯÷·һССǡ
ʱ˵ÿء
ƷԱȣֶҲÿ
ţ滳ֻﴽǡ
ٵˡҲܵȵõЩ
ǣЦ֮㰲شȥ
Ȼ촽


60
ڴߵ¶ȶ
滳ǵķ֪ҪһͷǼֻ˵촽Ϊ¿ִ۾ǳĬؼȥ
Ϊùϼ᲻Ϣصζֻմһ㱬׻ǵζΪȶȶյù̡
ãž滳һ㡢һ׹
յôȣȴ޷Ƶشθ﷢䡣
滳۾˿
ֻվӳĲ԰׵Ӱ
򡢡alphaŮסˣֻǴؿԼ滳
ƺϲģ
滳ʶԼָˡ
ɿ֣תһλϵı
ҲҪԼ
һѿӿ滳̧֡زԼ촽ҪȥЩζЩƮƮ롣
Ȼڵ
߰ɡ
̧ܵ֡Լʪ촽ųٳٵغ˶䡣
һع񣬲ŷ滳ԼѾԶˣæȥ
顢飬˵ţͷеᣬ㡢ôˣ
Բ
滳΢΢ŤһۣɫƽǸ
Ҳöġ
գգ۾ûӦ
Ҹոտ˶Ѿˣڷӳûˡô˵ȥ㲻õĻᱻ
еֵֹġ
ֻalphaŮеûӦʶڣҲ˵
ԣ滳ͰﴽǣȻӰ﷭ƾʪݸ
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Բ𡣡滳ظԺ󶼲ˡĻȲһ¡ȥϴּʰ
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㲻Ҫң滳ӦҲһİɣڵӰҲˣȥ𣿡
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ǲǻ޻ԱߣһѧͷͷоеСżŹצλƵȥȻһͬΪ˽źСػƻȡԼë޵ʤɹ
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뵽Ǹɶֿɰĳ滳ǣǣǣĿڲ֪Ϊɬɬһš
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alphaŮƺӦ⣬ֻšüͷһԲ۾Щɸɾִ̽ͼ￴ʲô
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š˼һ˵߰ɣ
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Ǹһ±ʵǸǸɰõomegaô³شһ𣬿ֵػЦĳ
һӾҵؾ滳ϵëżеһֵѣΡ
͵̧ҪʣǶalphaŮ˫۾ȴһҲ˵
һץżȴҪʩ
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ŲǸպġ
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Ȼһ˫۾΢΢Ͽʹ
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ⷴalphaŮˣԲ۾ֻСֻЦ
֪飬˵ԲҲǹҪģֻΪ㻹ûлպÿЩպиҪż˳Ұץһ¡Ҫţֻèè㡣ҪǲϲĻǾȥץһЩģòã
ûвϲ滳߬ë޹ҼֻС˵Ҫȥץ
ðalphaŮͿЦǾһȥץĶġ
ֱ滳Цӯӯ֡
滳ǣ֣òã
ץַʽ
˵ǣ֡
š滳ŵӦһȥ
ڿԥƬ̣ס֣alphaŮ̻סġ
ȼᶨ¶Ȱסֲ֣һѣָǹؽΪջʶЩ룬ȴҲеҲڴӽյϴ
ͨͨͨ
滳ٳٵءҲ˶䡣
ǣǣȥ޻滳Щһ֣ܿһֻ˵ܺüССż˼֮ͲٶˣƵԹԸ´չֱȻһС
ͱԱѡԼϲżҪĲץ
˵ҪΪڻǣ֣˭ûзš
ȻֻʣһֻֿãȴĸãǱŪֱڵʵλ֮󣬾滳°ť
ñ滳̲סһ´ӵӽǿʱĻ档϶Īı֪Ϊʲôһһ˾Ϳԡ
ǣǲԸ֡
һףһëߴ޻صֻë޵СҲ
ٺ٣顣Цȥĸ
滳ָԱߵķ
ſźܶܶСʿ桢ɽСͽëȮܾˡ
ҪǸ˵ǸСë
alphaŮһͷЦյ
һջķᣬ滳ֱֻëߣҡҡ׹ɴױżװԼñĶñȫ޻ֵģͬ޻ƵƵעĿ
Ա޻ǼһСŮǸģ˴һߴߴغһõѡ˴߽棬ɲ԰ץһԡ
ѯʵͶĿ⣺飿
滳ͷɿζԷȥģֻɿȴûзţս֡ǣǣ֣һͬȥ̨޻ǰ
ܿץҪżСﱧԼǵëߣΪǰٷеļȫ˷ܵĲˣ˺һץ޵ļɡԼ˺üΣǿĵӰʱ򣬲ֻ뿪
С㣬õǸչﻨģ޻ɫ˷ܵسգգ۾ʾ⡣
͸ǣҪͷŶ
˵գɿܵˣԼͬ飬ЦһţܿƱ
ֻվԭأﻹǶװ¡õ廨״ĵɫ޻ǡ
ǣֿͨ滳Ц˵ҪͷŶ
滳ˣƫƫalphaŮЦӯӯضš֣ҧ촽ˡ
ӰԺ뿪̳һСڲŵĺֺþòŵɴȥ̲һ
Ϸ֧õ޻ǣܣе졣
ŵʱ򣬾Ͳܹǣˡ
滳ָܾԼΪ¶ȵ߶ʵееϧ
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alphaŮ˵е㺦ߵغ˶䣬Բ۾ˮģǲǡһԼֲңҵ㽨顣ңڿӰʱǣԣӰȥץޡ̳ߡ
ԣһӰʵĶҪǣֵ¡ֻһֱûиóóȻץ֡
滳еЦ
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ôе죬ǺȻע⵽ԱߵиرССŮںͶĿ⡣豧ڸ߽ŵϣС첲Żʥģ۾ֻˡ
滳Щ֪ؽӲ塣ʵڲ֪ô׶ദլʱſ޹ԼùüһкȻʱȷʵвˡô˼άȴȷ˼άˮƽͱСཻͷ
ע⵽֮ǸתЦݲõСŮ˻֡
ѽС˵
Ǳߵļҳע⵽΢ЦָԼŮͽкСŮСҲģػ˻ӣá
ۿˡ滳ЩӦض˶壬ԱԶȥһ㡣
ϲС
עСalphaŮٳ뵽
Ҳǣɳôļͥĸ׺͸׵ĹϵҲرغǢҪһԼĺӡҲԼһǳҲǺпܵ뷨ɣ
滳ͬʱҲʶ
ֻǣԼû취Щ
ʵ֪ԼеЦġϾϵûȷֻദšԺˡ¾͸ԶԶ
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ĻߵһĻϵĲȱָҪôأ
ֻǣһЩҪ
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ߵʹ֧ԲԲס޻ǵķɫõϡ
ҲࡣǸഺomega
滳ʱ׵ġȴĵȷȷΣalphaŮϲʲôأСӵϲŨҡҲȥ÷ɿ죬԰סСȱֵ׻ϲأ
ҲܹһomegaĻϲһ
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ǣϡԼصҵʱ滳ַһ
Ƕ޻ǵõڴͷڴϣһһض
ҪġһomegaĻҪͨԼ峹ȥֲ壬ȻͨڵϢҩάĻܡɹʴڰٷ֮ʮҡ
Ͼ弫ΪҪ٣ָڶһ꣬ĻҲԶԶֹͣʹϢҩҪһֱʹȥֱ
ƣһʿԻָͨ˹У
滳Ǽ֣ٳûж
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Լһ㣬ûнܹҲᰮˣȴҪһӴϣȻԼĶȥ
ĺʹĿǰżĴʹѾѹˡ
Щơһʹʹʹȥʱ
滳һΡһΣȴȻ޷ֹͣθΪǶĳ鴤ͷ亹ֻû䣬ҪսҲü١
ڱغ

ǸalphaŮߵˡ
ƾܹİøһĻ
Ŀԡ
ͷȥһŢġʹķ籩滳ãȴʼյò𰸡
ֱźȻߵ졣
һʶñӸסȥϵ亹´ȥš
վõalphaŮ˯£ͷģһơ
滳ƽʣôˣ
һ֡
ȡůᶨԴǣֵĻͲôˡ
飬С˵ҡ˵ڽǸǸǡ
滳ףţ
ǡǸ˵ţҾá񲻸ǡ̸һ̸
alphaŮ˵ţߵö䷢죬ֻǰ滳ߣȴȻע⵽˴ŵǷƷ
ֱܶڱ£ֻõ󼸸֡
顣
סˡ
Ϻߵĳʱȥֻһͣס˽Ų
ʲô
״滳ֻЩػعͷôˣ
顣
ס֣˺صɫǳ
𣿡


61
顣ʣôˣ
𣿡
滳һʱ˳ߣע⵽Ƿ¶һǵ档
ˡ
һȴֳֻƽɫʲô
Ǹʲô
alphaŮǣִ֣ⲻϷſܼе۾飬ԭʱҲ˵Ϊġô𣿡
̫ˣĺ̫һ漣ظƽ滳θĲʸС
ʱôʣȴֻǳůڵȶָԼֱ¶ȳ׹ü˻Ҫش
ٱһ
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ͷԺת˸أ滳ض˽յ֣ıŸҪôʵʩԼԸźȻоϱס˽alphaŮһο˿ڣǣ滳
滳ʱźȻع
ûʲô̧⡣
죬ٲȻǡôܡĲ顣
ҵֻһɶһֱ⣬ƻҪҾðҿһۡ滳赭д֮ǰ˵ľǽڰˡֵطʺϾסǣ浽ҵļƻҾͳˡ
alphaŮüƺ𰸽Žɡ
ġ滳˵ҲˣҾƽʱ岻ãûʲôر⡣
⻰alphaŮΪصɴ۾
ƽʱ岻þ𣿡ƺһӱתص㣬ֻ̧ߣǰˣ飬̫עˣְҹֲúóԷƽʱԼҪܡ
ֹһѣֻǰڤ粻飬ȴȻһСǣһǣ
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alphaŮ㶣ҪϢ飿ȳȥ
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΢΢ס˰봰ҹɫεĺɫ͸ӣӳ֮С
ǲڴϣлЩǵǷļķȻߵֻͷֲ䡢ڼȡϵһ㣬øָ̹ϡ
ʶ֣Ǹèһĺɫ
ĺֺ˳һǳ˿һ㡣
һʱûסظ˼¡
滳ͷ⼸塣ɴķ˲䣬ſȱߣֻ֣ذŪš
Ǹģһֻè
Žè
alphaŮӦţô
ûлش
滳ſԴֻССش˸Ƿܸоõһ顢ظĳ
̫顣alphaŮ˿˵ţôůͣôô
ʱ̣ȷԼϲ
ͺܺá
ֻҪ㹻ˡ
ۣջ᲻ȥǸ֪顣
ϾǹҲֻԼִalphaŮϡΪȥʹomegaֲĸ»̫ˡ
ɽߡ
ЩʵҲܺͨϣʵڲûʲôֵñϲĵط
alphaŮЩŨҵġվҪȼģ޷ԤϵΪʲôή٣ȻڽҲ޷ֹ泹Ϩյֻʣһųɻҵ
ߣ̫̫õöࡢҲʵˡǸomegaĽĽ㡣滳޷ȡ
ֻҪھ͹ˡ
alphaŮض˵ţ飬ԺҪˣòãһȥ˶ɣ㲻ϲˣͰʳʲôĽӪʦȥƻһҵ˽˽ȴĿʼòã
˶ССģۡȵʱˣʱҲ
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ϲʱԼϵϲʱ֣ڴԶ
ţֻǱ۾alphaŮϣԴؿ˿
飬СҪ˯𣿡
滳۾ҡҡͷ
ſһȻ뵽
ô
ʣҪ𣿡
ͷŵһӽӲסˣܸоalphaŮŵöһ£ٳûлػ
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϶ܿɰ
滳۾Ȼһֻ㶵ĺƻ
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ҡңôǣôͻȻ˵
alphaŮ״ΣҪ滳ϣ˵ҪվĶˣ滳
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alphaŮߵͨ죬ͷ˺һ˵
𣿡
򸣬滳û壺ʲô
˵ھͱ𣿡
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һʱ˵Ŀײ滳˫ɸɾȾˮɫ۾ԼҲٳٵغ±źƻ
ڡ
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ң˵Ժ󡭡֮󡣡ô˵𣿡
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滳Ȼָš
ʱȥalphaŮʶ˽滳ָ֣ڿ˿ڡ
֡˵˵ǲǻ̫ˣǡ¡

Ҫġ
滳ƽ䵭أԵ˵ͷ
ǡã֪ˡ
ѾŪˣһͻʶѿڶ
ѽǡ ֪ʲôˣô͡滳
ıüˣֱ׾˵ֻԭתصС
滳⸱һʱʧЦҲٶˣֻǵԣң
alphaŮৡغЩ˼عԼͨͨƻôܰѻ˵ôֱס
ʱǵʱ򲻼ߣҧÿʹˡ
ôڻˡ
滳Щεһ䡣ȻѾʳԼҪĴ𰸣ҲûĻҪ˵ˣֻ˲ϵȵɻϣСԱ߲ˡ
ֻʣһ֪ηӦ
ƫƫֳ˻滳һµӣֻֻèһſϣỺƽȣһ֧ͬ丵ıɽȪһһӾƽĸ
Ǹ˸һ

Ŷ䣬滳ԼǸƬ̣Сʣ
󡢴顭ʲôѽ
ȻΪ˾ҪҪˡ
ȻҪ
ǡΪһomegaҲῪЩɣ
ţȻһҲû˵ȥֻǾ˾½ǣԼϢһ
Ҫô˯ѽ顣ֹŶ
Ȼô˵ȴǷ滳ͷҲСˣ˺˯ķʽ
滳̧һۣú죬
ҡңǡ˵øˣίող˵ǣҡ
滳˵ǽǵʱҪ졣Сƻ
˿֪ԼɡĿǣһӵɴ۾
㡪㻹˵أ飡ҵ˺ʵĻߣһϲôʱҰôʽʱ㻹أǿǵĳǣ
ǳǡ滳ƽڽҵȪ
һӿ˿ǣһû˵
ǡǾǽ֮ĳǣֱ׳˵˵ԼЩίˣɫɥȷϵ֮ĵһǡôô㣬㵱ʱֲˣҲס
ίͰ͵شεСıʵеɰ滳ûסȥalphaŮë޵ͷ
ǣʣôǣ
alphaŮסˣ룿
ԡ滳˵
ᣬַŵõ͵͵ģֻźʪһ·յص
ôǣڸҿɡ
⻰alphaŮеĶһֹסˡ
ûӦ䶼ûк졣
Źһ롢롢롭滳ȤؿţֹãſalphaŮٳٺ˶䡣
૵³ڣҪ𣿡
滳ס
ԡ˵ȷʵҪҵĻ
Ѿ˺ܾˣ̵ķʽȡ˺ܶalphaŮ¶ȡǻȫ㹻
Щ¶ֻ㹻滳θٳʹÿҪǶЩĵ˵ֻǱˮн
ҪࡣСŨҡֱ׵Ļ档
Ҫǡ
ؿգգ۾
һһҪھ𣿡
滳ͷ
ɣǡ
ڵһжüªûĦ֡û̻ҲûлĽãֻһɢżĴ󴲡
ʱǣʽҲ֣أûκʽҲû˼֤
ԶԶӦеǡ
ǣ˫۾ȴһҲ˵ˡ
·滳ǰġûκβ۾뿴ĳֿ
ĳ֡һģ߾ȫƴȼţ·ת˲ŵȿ
Ż̫ʹ̫ʹˡմȾѪɫԵţ԰׵ȫȼ
ҪһԸҲҪץסԸ֮ȼճɻҽ
أֻ˵
áԼǡԵһŶ顣
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ﱧһѼ
Ǻܲõɫ˸ʽֽмǩ档ƬҲǿͨġ
Ȼû԰ֶûв̻ûн೤Ҳûʻͷ
alphaŮЦ滳Ҹ㳪ɣ
õЦݣ·̫λ۾һ£ֻΪ֮
ǣ㱧żڴ滳΢΢ЦȻ󲦶˵һҡ
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̧滳۾ȻЦһ䡣
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ñڻɡ 
һָ⣬alphaŮ΢Ц
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Ὣŵһԣֻ滳۾滳ϲ㡣
Ȼ֣滳Ĭ£ءҲܼᶨأס԰׵ա
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ððеһжʧֻʣˡ
ֻǡ
滳֪Լû޵ģ˫̫һ۾ֻ΢΢𣬺ȻЦ⡣
滳˵滳ѩҵСѩڻ𣿡
ûС
Ҫ˵ۿȴȻգһʪܵ
ֺظȥǿ顣
滳С˵ҿ𣿡
滳˵ͷ
ۣȴš
ͬ㽵Ĵϡ
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ǸϣһһΡǸܴĺӣѧǺܿ졣
ϰУһѧϰǵķֱѳ׳滳ܹ׵ѹ滳׾Ĵݣ֮޼ɵçײӶᣬֱõԼҪ͵
èţҪӿȴҲΨҪҭҪ´ԼȣΪǿӲĸ¶޵øࡣ
ãŵҹڿϷſҲٿ޲omegaŮԼаȶƣߡ
ֱڶ
˶˸
ǵʱôֱòӣ߼ˣҿ滳Ҵһ˯¾Ҫܡ
滳֣ס½ǡ
ʣҪȥģ
alphaŮЩ
ңش𣬡ȥ˾ϰ࡭
Ĺ˾
滳޷ǸomegaǸܿɰСβ裬鷢
ȻҪȥġ޷ıġ
ˣЩ˵ؿһźȻڣ
ҲҪȥ㹫˾һ𡣡


62
ˡݵʾ
ǰ滳alphaŮĽŲרõ
УԣٲȻһ
ûãֹҺʱһ㲻࡭
͵ɽģӺš
ôһ·ŽרõУڽỊܹ̇˾ˡ
滳Сȵص˵ͷ
ʱҲЩռ˼ֻǱϾûҲûȥڲûнκȶĳڹϵˡ
οҲǺʵʱѾõϵһƱȨؼġͻҪʱڵ±¶Ĺϵֻ鷳ͷΪڦĹߡ
֪ЩֻܹӺ͵ɡǲĺڻһ͵͵ظߣ滳Щ΢΢򴽣Ŀ⣬ˡ
ҲáЩ롣
ȵǽ죬Ժܿ졢ܷҵµĶᱻ֪һν顣ûκ˻֪ǸһСܲйʲôϵ
Ϊ׸òù̫մΨһĺӡ
á
ôԹԵţ滳ͷԼڵģĵӰĵ׷һƵɬС
Щ˵·𻹲дڴߡ
滳޷յҹ
ӵǣһһεǡ·̫֮ϣܹڻͷĿѣȥǡȡһԣֻаҹ
Ѿϵõôֱ̰࣬ζûĵԶ֪㡢ɿʶ䳹ǵĿն
ȵһ죬ָôأ
õһУȡ⡢alphaŮξͬ۾ʧȥĻᡭᡪ
飿
ȻǸ̫𣬽滳енѡ
飬㲻𣿡
˵ţֻ滳Ȼֵü䣬Цݺܲãһֻǣֵģ
𲻸˵ǣְɣ
ɡ滳̡
԰СԼСŶӡ
ˣǽԼҲȥǣסġ
Ȼǣ֣ȻԼԴϲˡߵһƣպÿſԡǣģǶſС̫Աߡ۾צè䡣
ΪҲů
ǵͣ£µݵ칫ҵһ·ҲûܹԴϷֿǣ֡ݵغú˼·һ칫ûü£滳ſ˻ȥ
ů͡ůοЩ̰Ŀ滳еһ⡣

ǹϣһһ졣
ϰࡣ
ջ̧֡ظ˼ĳ
alphaŮǴҲǣ֣òã
Ĵè˵ͷá
ֻǣ滳˵һȫ˸ղŵĻͷɨ÷ɿ죬׵׳ԼĺͬļС
˵ǣˣͷҲ̧רעǸӣֳһ۶Ƿ
ô
ڰ칫ߵϣ°͡ǰԼͷ湤ˣԹıЩĵֽϻȦȦ
滳Լ˵Ҫġ
ˣȴƽʱ˸ڹ˾ʱûκβ
ҲͱôһСС
ڣ˵ˣǣ֡ҪǴչȥ滳ɲǣ֣ӹŵĶԷ˵Ҫɫݵ̧ۡƳһۣһҲûе𿪲ҪԼ
Ǹֲ¡
ܲԸñʼֽ桪ֲĴ̫أҪŵǱ߷ܱʼСܡ
ʵסǹεȴֲܴţܳȥ˽ӿȣ֮Ҳ޷Ĺɴ滳µСŲ԰׵ڸֽǳǳػ˶ԷС
ǣһФܿڰֽϣ졣
ȣȻڵ滳ʹߡ棬һָרעͷƵĹ飻ȻǸϵСܣࡢȱ䵭ƽ߸ϵظˡ
Ȼǳҵ滳Žšһտյİ˯ȹãȻհ׵ֻǲһͷ֮ͬȻضɹҹ滳Ǻһ飬Ⱦһ糺졣
֮󡭡ʱ滳һΣŵʹѹֵغۿڶкΨһһ᣻ڻ谵Ӱ֮Уޱ߱һСС鷢ʮָգ滳ѹ͵üԱƵĻҰ
Ǹҹ
աʡۿ촽ȫȾĺɫ
½ǣҪƿȴҪԶס۸þҲ̳ȥֱҲ޲滳
ͬһɫɢݲ԰סȴȾźεļϣҲɢָ䣬ޱȾ繡
Ǻڷ԰׼Ļʵ̫컣ûɫȴ·ȻȾȲɫʡ
ȻعŷԼڻʲô
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ֻոյĶ̫ͻȻ滳Ҳ̧ߣţ
ֻһƳͿֱŰֽԼĻԭǰ칫ʱƽ޲ӣƬ̣ҲȻ
ࡢ
滳ǸʡٲȻʱԼģҪ쵽͸Ǽߵü˵

ҡңҲǹġæڣƫƫֺܲ԰ףֻæҵؽŻֽպã治ǣ滳ҡˡֻһ˿Բ˿
Ůԭʹ˴ߣ糺գڲŵ͵͵Ӧ
š
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Ծ£ȥһԳŲֻƯġĶơ
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飬ͳ˵㲻Ҫİ
滳ʾǰļ
С˵ʲôʱ򶼿ѽԱء
Щֻһ˿ޱˡԼֻĶ⣬գգ۾Цվչȥĥˡ
飬滳ҵСѩղ˵Ҫǣء
滳û취Ťһ߲ϿֱӭȥȻЦӯӯؿţ飬ò
á
һֵֻݵǰЩֱصߡ滳ŤԲһҪģһֻѾ˼ϣǣ
ǣסֻ԰ϸݵ֡
ȻǣԼĴߣָҧһڡ
滳ҧסˣðŷӦֻ
ûջ֣ٺһЦֱϡء˺ܴһڣһΣڲ԰׵ֱһǳǳĺɫӡ
ҧ̧֮Сһܵض滳Ц
滳һ
滳ִһ£
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滳Ťͷ˲䣬Ѿſ죬ϾҪҧȥ
ͼֹ
alphaŮһۣۼֿҧֱϡ
ء
Ȼ̧ͷ滳Ҫ֮ǰȿ˿ڣǸ÷ɿ죺Ҵ顣
ҧʵʹûôֻΪ滳Ƥʵںܴ߲ĺۼɢڲ԰׵ϡ
滳еίҧҸ
ǡΪ飬alphaŮеԽ˵ԽͷͷǵɵķβһҡһΣֺݰϸϸģģرررҪҧһڡ
Сɣ
滳ҧ촽һۣջԼҧ˺öݺ۵֣Ťˡ
ڰ칫ηϣ𳤷ĺɫժȻظ
ָӷʼΪ³ʹ滳ֻ˺Сʣȵģڰһĺڷȫ֮ŷڤ˼һվŪɵС黨
滳֣۾
alphaŮİ칫ҲǳġζůڵģǸոտһ⣬ζϸܣ˲ԾؾҪжһзȫǸйԶǿӲalphaˡ
ҲǼalphaŮʱģģǸ˾ˡǸߴalphaˣ׾󣬺ʹʱûڵĻҪ۶ֱһȭͷȴԵòһֻܹһӲд
ɼ滳ȴalphaŮϢء
ŴĵסǸȳڵʱѾȷˣalphaŮǸ㹻Ͼ̫һŮ̫ᱣ˺
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˵ţȻЩԲ۾ҸΪʲôҪš
˵ľǰ
ԼԼİ칫ң˳£ΪʲôҪ滳һֵط
Ǹ˲䣬ʶס滳֣һ˺ڰСռ
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һļҲڱдȥ
飬ãȻ⣬ôΪʲôҪл
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ȻѧҧֵģҲһҧȥ
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ʶʲôߵͨ죬æԼļ羱ۣ顪
㡣滳ֱ׳˵Ҳܺҧ
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˺һȫŪһͷĻңʱʰ˺һꡣ
滳ȻǱȲģ۵нɳ˿Լĳֻһٶˡ
飬飬alphaŮȻʮ㣬²𣿡
滳ƳһۣС˵ˡ
Ц
ҰȥˮŪô˵Ҽǵâرúţ㻹Ժһҵıģ̫ŶҸóµģ
˵ţյɳǰ滳գҲСģһ𣬴飿
ﳢͷƵģֻ۾ġڴ滳ȴĴ𰸡
Ҫô˵Ҫأ
ǣ滳ͷ
alphaŮϡһڣ˸߲ҵһȥ飡
ƿţŲ칫ңܿʧֻ滳һɳϣ̧֣ḧ˸ԼȾȵ촽

滳е롣
ĺ̡
ûһŲܿ³֣վͣڰ칫ǰ
ô졭
滳ԴŸոյЦ⣬˵ű̧ۣȴȻסˡ

վģȡ˲ˮص
ǷǸңıá
ңҲͬԭأСܣ
ûü˼ΪʲôԷԼұİ칫ֱֵɶ⣬һ룬ĽŲ
ңһͷޱվͣǱײʲôһЩң
ңңôˡ
ң׵ԭء
ǰԼұ칫ɳϵǸСܣһ˿װңϽĳҲɢţ촽ʪܵط죬¶ϻдżʺĳӡ
Լұͬ¹ڲˬ޲ҪģϺȻһʷҧۡ
⣬⡣
ϢңԺ䡱һ¡
ɴ۾ӲؿɳϵСܣתͷͷԼұ㣬ľȻغһûܻع
ǡǣǡ
βţΨһĽҲǰ
ңòš
ŵĿ£еЦЦŽңң



63
ңңңңȱż
ڳİ칫ǰסԷ滳ϵĿ⣬ֽŲõؽϢק
ģҽ˵
ңȡ
ܴһֻһӺңϣֻȵȮ࣬ңʵڱȲһǱϢҵС
ţϵССһ
һͷͿңֱۣջֲŵض
Ϊղŵ֫彩֣װͶ̷Щң͸Եָ˵ЩؿԼұãʶվԭزҶˡ
̧ԼͷֺõЦңң
ң⣬Цͦ㡣
ͷģǸȴʶ˸ֱزӦһ䡣
ûСûСǣæҡͷаңңҲһҲ
ңһҵݣֿǿлʡɫޱҧۣ߸üë
ɱ𡣡˵أ
ǰalphaŮشһԣ֪ƽܹߵġҲǽû˵ˡ
ңüͷÿμ㶼¾ϲҡǲЩѻˣһ鷳
أȴȻһ͵͵
鷳
ңûӦ
鷳̧˵ңңô˵
״ңͷ۵ؽüͷšøˡ
ǡϵСܣȻ鷳Ƕڷ˵¾ǳͷβ鷳
ϵĿ⣬ֻʣʲôʱ㵽һģ
ֲ˵ȻɫĲͬŨˡ
ûСһ𡯡˵ŵˣңңô˵
ңϳ顣
ָġ֣أںԼصһ˫һǺЦԲ۾ޱ棬ҲƽյԵüЩİˡ
һΣԼұϿ飬Сʱ򣬼ûнӴҵԼҪȵؽӹֻǴѧʱѡ
ңĵһ
λСѾҪز
ͺ񡪡ѾҪͬһˡ
Ǵ֡кͷĵҲˣԼеĶ󣬱һο¡ңֻ˳ɱǡ
ƫƫȴ滳
Ǹ滳
áãԲ𣬽㣬Ҳô˵ֻǵ£ңҲֻһֿʣǣʲôʱʼģ
ֻҡҡͷ
Ҳ˵ңң飬һ֪˵١ҲȲҪ裬ҹʱԼȥ˵òã
Ϊʲôңʣ˵𣿡
ңңЩεЦˣܰôֲʲô޶Ĵǻû׼ҪЩʱ䡣ȵ׼ˣԼῴŽġ
ĿǣǾңٴУǼһ
ҰûңԼʧȥʱǣҪ㣬㵽֪֪ʲôˣ
Ǹ滳
ϵСܲáǵĴ¡Žھͷ뻥Ǹ滳
ûɳʱңʧܹΡ
ңǿ־Ǹ˵ģġ
ûмô־ˣ࣬©ܹԤһ㣬Զ֪ƣ롢ᶯҡֻҪֵ̳ˣŶĳʱŹ滳һ̨ƾԴתĻ
Ҳ֪СǶʱ䣬滳ǩЭ顣
ȫƽȵġݵĺʱ滳Ҫ·ֻһ䡣
ȻˣСȴ˿ûиеһ˿οΪǶ֪滳һ̰ѪȻҰĵߡֻܹ˵ҪµĶԶԶȷࡣҪõҪһУû
ǣңҪ뵽ΪʲôҪ̵һϸʦΪʲôҪӽ
ӽϵһмһ֪ǺһŮ
Ծ߹Ҫο˵ǣңң
ңֹ̧̧֣סĻͷ
֮㡣ֻ˵С̸̺Ҳ˵㿴Űͺáֻǣ£Ҳͬġ
ЩãȻؿʶֹңңҡ
ңҡҡͷ˵ˡ
ˣ㡣ұܼ࣬պ˳·㣬ȻˣҲˡĩʱȥС̣˵˾¡
ԭأԹ߳Ϣң뿪;ȵ滳˸档
ΪҪæǱ߸ȥȴֻ滳촽˶³֡
ңıӰһȴûͣ뿪ˣӰܿʧȾͷ
ԥƬ̣ȡֻңȥ˼Ϣ
óң̸ȴʵ޷ԶԷ̬֮
ңңʲô
ϢȥȴһѶأ̧Ŀ⣬ֻ滳Ȼվڵȴ
ȻӭĿ⣬üۡ򴽣ֻؿڵǸ
Բ
滳ֻ˵鰲üʲô촽﷢ףֻнյ˫֮䡢յʧȥѪɫĲ԰ָڲй¶Щ
˵ҽ첻Ҫġ
˵գʹӣһվšǼǡ׼˽һ飬ǸСӡ޷Լլؼʱӡʱ滳Ҳģƽյ۾ģͷѪ
ɽǸı̬
ţ̲סҧ
ΪԼѾ滳㹻ˣĨȥЩȥľϵĺۼ
ŷ֣һԶԶ
ǰողЦֹŪ¹ɢҡǼҲ˻ҳʻ鶯ֻͬͨŮһ滳ҲԻ̬ΪȫԼĴǸ˽ܱ𷣵׼
޷ĵ׷һɬ
ǣֻ߹ȥԷ԰׵ա
滳alphaŮС˵ΪʲôǸʲôҲû
·Ƕһ˿üǳǳĺҲ֯һƺ֯һЭ
滳ֻ˵Բ𡣡
ҲģŵѹֵĵƣǱĳڹȥĻ֮Сô߲һ˽ļ֮䴫ҲԽӰеѡ
ֵֻһƬ滳ûпޡɴ̫ˣմȵָ⣬ԵҲЩʪֻһ
alphaŮֻǿø
ͷͷȻʣһҪǸ滳
ûлش
ǣС˵滳ҪŶ
˫ĺɫͫƺ𽥷ӦĻҲֻ΢΢һҡš·𿰿Ҫģ
еĹȥغϡ
Ȼ滳ҲֻǲܾվţҰȥĬصȴʹ١
ֻȿ
һ¡
΢΢Щ룬滳Щ۵ʱ򣬱ִսһǵøҪԵһƬ԰׶촽һöԼĳݺۡ

alphaŮԼʪ촽ɫ죬ְֻοͷ
ҷСѩ
ԣͱˣòã
*
Ϊ滳ʵڲã칫ֳһڰֳĹУ˸ɴظһص˼С
һ·ϣųһͬſŵĴһûһ̸һ߹עֻϵѶϢ
ֻǣңңȻûκλ
֪ңңΪʲôôһ
ֻǣЩ£϶ҪԼûаЩáʱת޸ĵ롣
ȵĹϵȷһЩദһʱ䣬ὫͰְֽȴǽܡʱٴ滳ؼҡ
ڡ
ͽǸղңңǶ㲻ִĶԻ滳
ƳһۺӾֻ滳סں봹֪ʲôֻ촽ҧˣ΢΢ЩѪ
飬СѣҪҧԼѽʹ𣿡
ԣ滳һڷӦɿ˽ҧ촽ݣһš
ǲҪӴԼַԺͻ̬ȵļΪ

顣ڣһЦ⣬滳ҪҪһҪȥ㶫ʲôȥʳѽ
ǸңңޱȽ;Ĵֻ̧̧ɿػشСһҲҪȥ
ûа취ȻֻӦá
ΪбϾǹϣô٣滳ȻߣҲûڹ˾ʱһſļϡܾԼԴ˸ееϧ
ǣֻĵǣ֣ڱ˴µⳡѪɹ
иʳĶáѡһʳһڴȻŤŤǣ֡ͣķȥ
ͣޱȿտɢɢͣżûڡԥƬ̣ԼǣֵƺŲҲҲʳ
飬ңң˵ʲô
ǣֵomegaŮ̧
Ұ滳ӦƺЩٶۣ𣬡û˵ʲôرġʲôҾ˵ʲô
ԣʣңңʲô
š
滳Ƭֻ̣һսļ羱ԡ
Ϊڳ΢һĺ۾ɵģﻹЩıܣԵø繣ĺɫžɢڲ԰׵Ĳ䣬ɫʶԱ·ջһ㡣
滳ֻǿԽԽֱΪҪԼ
ѾǹˣűϢ֮䣬һӺŻŵɿŵĿڴǵһֱ쵽˶⡣
ã㣬塣Ϊ˻÷Ǹͼı
滳۾ֻš
ͬѹӢϸϸġӯɵë翰ɢҡҷţ·һҪȥôعβļ䡣
Ƿϵ
alphaŮòӣҪ͸ˣֺ񳹵׳ĺ۾
Ұߡ벻ҡԶҵġ
һ仰滳ٳûʳ
ġ
˵Ļ
֮Ǹõıǡ
ͻԶ뿪
*
ǣϣ滳һΡ
μЩͷʵɽ˵ģ飬֪ԷЩˡ
ڷ׵ʱ򣬴Ż׶԰Сࡣ
Ƕĸʲô˳ĵ¡ǡÿԹͻͷ磬ܵܽһͨͨɷ˳˼ܣ䡣
󲿷ʱ򶼱ȽϿƣõ˳ֵ¼ܣϸְűһͿϵĽ¼ܡע⵽ȥ˵¶Ƥ
żգȵڶȥ׶԰ʱҲΪ滳ļ̸£ֻǶ˱ͬ顣
ϾͥϾϵδӡƶӣڶɷǸұĶͽĻﱻ͵͵ѹ伹ͻʹԹ޴й
ֻСŮҪС
ޣ߿ޱ߸߸е¼ܣسԼŮϣһΡһΡһΡ˵˼磬ôίȫΪ㣬Ϊܰܰ㡣˵Ҳ뷣㣬ԲҪˣҪʧ
ΪСС滳һȺܺ¡
׶԰¶ͬСѧŶƬӣģضף߬ȭͷ˵˼磬ÿҺðѽ
ʱС滳߬ȭֻ˳ӵر۾
ΪǶʩԱ
һµ¼ܡķ⽫û
ǸСﲻ֪ΪʲôҪֻãȻԭءΪ߬ȭͷ棬ֻһˮǡ
ˣͬڳ˵Ĵ¶ɣʧصʱûôˣǾʱʼ£Ѿʺٴˡ
ǣһַʽйǶԴɷһԼŮ࣬ҪչԼذԼʱҲᰧԹԹرԼҵˡ
ʵؿޣ˵˼磬ֻˣĺܰ㣬ҲҪ衣˼磬һҪ衣
С滳վӲرԼĸ§ţ۾ʱ㱿ͷɫ¼ܹЮʹ¡
ǱϾ̫С̫Сʱ滳ΪԼˡ
ֱ졪ΪԼıòɢ
Ǹʱ滳л㱵վalphaŮݵɫһΪԼֽҪܷˡ
ûд
ֻǡȻһ
ڹȥνڴǸȵ滳㱵۾ֻܲ͸ĺڰ
˯ǰͷһһҪ˯ʱͻȥˡǾǻûеʺͬĽ׶Ρ
ţ滳壬ԼǸλò˲䡣
ѾˣûalphaŮȵ²ֻ࣬ʣһϢζ
ůڵģС⣬ܶŨ
𡭡
滳ؽԼʣµһ˿ζ̧Լȴе촽ֻǿ鴲ٲϷˡ
Ȼ֪ң˲̫죬ִΪĿԭңӡһֱãҲЩ֮һ
ңӲͬһֻǿһۣ滳֪ʲôֶԼĴƶϡ
ʱ滳Ҳųٳʶ
ңත³İְ֣Ƕͬġ
ôܶǢҸͯļͥһЩ֮
һ죬Ҫ뿪ġ
ңҲȷṩ˺ܰС
Ƿϵϵ磬ֻң²
ͱϵǲܹһã
滳ȵ죬ϵҽԼǷ֧ñǡ
ԵĻ;ǰɡ
߾Ҳá
٣ȵҪ뿪ʱЩ
ԼմȾµĴ֮Уһİ£йСʱġĥ


64
ǰҹ滳һֱһֱΡ
εСʱԼĸŹ¼ͷ£ָĸ첲˵һԡ
谵СմȾĿĸīζдͷϲסɹͶµһƬƮƮҡҡӰվһߣĬһС
ֻСʱԼϿһְľȾһ󣬺֪Ϊʲôôʹ
ֱֱһ룬ǸСʱԼ仯ģȻСӡ
̵ӲǳɫƻһԲ۾ʢİĿ־ʹʩߣδε¡
衭Сڿޣ֪ԼΪʲôĴء裬Ҫҡء
¼ܣʵԼСŮˣҲȻත³ӡĿϻʱƵķ
Сᣬȴ㲻ʹ衪
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滳˹ȥҪǸСǰ
ȴ͸ģҲԼСʱģСʲôҲڵס
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ʹ嵱ըСڻзҪԼĸͣδε滳ľ䣬ҪҲȫʪ͸
滳ҪȥֹǸත³εĲȻȴֻǴԷ壬һԣ
ͼ輸ϵĶץʩˣȴֻǴƷ֮д
ͼҩЧجج滳ҲܹΡ
Ҫ
գֻܹССͽ͵صµ¼֮䣬Щδεʹ;Լľ䣬ذš
ҪҪ
ССſҲھط
Ҫ㡭ۡҪ
ξȻһת˶ˣֻʣ
һ˵ġȻɫѹֶ˵
滳ǱܵʶǡΪ飬Լļַ֮󲻻ɢ
ءǸĨȥԼᣬҪ΢ЦȴЦأ滳
˵滳ûмˡ
Ҳڡ
е˵滳İ⡣
ΪҪ㣬û˼ңҲڡ
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ϣҲԺһΡ
˵֣Ѿļ⼸ֽµȴѵһ
ʱӲ֪ߵȥֳͷĺalphaŮֻط˸µζ˯ߡ
ϡӽѵʱֵȶҲȻǻɢ
ʱͷЩκģҲȣżյʱоȴûôܡԼѣҲԼ¾ûߡ
ĵ¶̫ˡôţȥҲࡣ
վ˼ûʲô󰭣û⣬ȻһƺǷաȥٷ¼ƣɴôˣתԼŪ緹
緹ܼ򵥣ٶõֹˮȡ弦Լһ˰ƻ
ڵˮƽѾ൱ˡܿҪըĲʽݺõĶӵ붹ȻϴõƻʼضֻϵĽ̳̣пƻ
ѡѧһʱĵܣˮЩأһֻ򵥵ӻֵ
ֻСӺܹԵڹ˼һɴһһֻСè
ġĶ䣬è죬гβ͡
ǿƻ˴Ҫһͬ͵
úˡȴҲȻǸ䵭ȻСܵ滳ǵ죬Լҧסֱʱ򴽳֮о¡֯ĺԼ滳ʱվȴųͷٵİģ
ôָ⣬һ
ţ
Ǹ飬ǻӿһհо
ȡ
ǡҹʱƵȺ͸ɿʣĳڹѪϤֱõʱͬˮӿϡúɣЩͣ˵ͷԼϵ·
ѾˡĻǶ䣬һ㣬ʮ·ݵȫ滳˻ģѹһѹüëʾ̾
𰡡ʱȻڿᵽһɸ⡣
ĶûзǣƻζôҲŨϡգԼ½ţҵζԴͷ
Ϣء
ǰѵп涼һǴһƿζˮζüйԣҪ仯ʵߡĸ꣬һŻǻȼ
㡣
ʶԼϢص˲䣬һžסϢջȥ
ŻææƿͿĴӣܻȥȡ
öµġֽԼȫ¶һԼĿռһ·ȥڲǿͲͷŨ۵Ϣζǹȥ
ɫζģʵ̫ˣ滳ĽŲһ٣۶
Կĳ⣬ʣôôʪ
alphaŮҡͷ
֪޹˵ˣ
ͷĵظҪһƬʣģ۾˵ϹҲˡ滳лɵؿۣôˣðɡ
ֻǣԼʵҲ֪ô¡
ԥԥ룬ѵ𣿿żյʱҲָоȣʢҪȫ¥ٻŶ۵ġ
ССǡ
飬Ҳ֡
վų滳ɫ¶ֵǣķ߹ôˣ
һӱԼ˼ѣ˫ĺ۾Ȼм顣

һ󣬲գգ۾˵Ǹ飬һûзŶ
ͷչ滳̧֣ŽĶͷϡ
ֺģݵùǽִŶǳ
һơ
һ䡭ġɣеʱʪܵơ
򵥵ĽӴȴһӾ͸οֵȡ
Ǹɿʵӭ˸أalphaŮ滳˫еġǳǳĺ۾һʱʲôˣֻеҲսһƬФͫ¹⣬
滳ùƼģֻΪڼԴӷָֻ֮עԼϢأ˲ûʲôرܵķ
ʱмŰ׵ľ룬ܹŵԷϢصζ
ܵܵҹʱǲ¹⡢İ̶ϵһֵץסȥҲָֻߣֻһʪĺۼ
ȴþ
Ҳ㡣
վһʱزȵҽһ˲ȴֳɱɱؾӿĵӿһֵֺͷ
롭ȥҪץסԼ
Ŀ⿴Щڣ滳˴ߣֻǵȥ¼ơ
סҪ뿪
ҪȥЩԵ˵Ҫ滳
滳û취ֻõͷǣڲǰˣǰʽĲ͵
ԵŶ顣ڶ棬°ͣ˵ţ϶ûôúóԷ緹ںþ㶼һûԹʲôˡѾŹˣҪҪټһ㣿
滳ͷˮģҡҡͷ
ˡalphaŮ˵ţͷȻûüе£飬ңң㲻õĵģһ̸ģĻҲȥ㲻ù˵ʲôòã
˵ƮƮģӰ죬һ붹ҪҪǲһ
ȴ滳տֶסˣһûж
գ˵Ҫ
ûӦ
˵㡭Ҫ̸ʲô
ѽ˵鲻ǺܺãصذοңңǶ㻹жǵĹϵеᣬһġˣ϶ͺˡûµģ飬㲻Щһġ
滳΢΢ҡҡͷ
ңûᡣƽֻô˵㲻ҪΪ
˵ţֻ΢΢ûӡ
ʱ򣬡滳˵ҲֿġûбҪΪҺļ˷ìܡòʧ
ֿ
˵ĺᣬȴһǸؼʡ
alphaŮĿӣֱ壬۾ʶˡ
ΪʲôҪֿ
滳̧ߣЦһ¡
Ǹܲ˳ᢵСܣֻһҪ޳һʪЦݡ
˵㲻Ҫң̸ʲô
Ǹת˲ţ滳ֻ˵
ϲǽԺǻһʱ򣬾Ҫͺˡ
ҡҡͷûн𰸣Ȼ棺滳ΪʲôҪֿ
滳ش˲ţƱҪʳǸ
ǰomegaŮ鼸һ

滳ȻִŵҪȥΪʲôҪֿҪҷΪʲô
滳ãɫＸֳһ˿ĳ֪ܵǳǶԼ
ȻˣڣѵԶһ𣿡
ףΪʲôܣ
滳Цһ
һҪҷֿģ˵㲻ҪļǰұʲôǲܹԶһˡ
վҲԶһ滳ֻҪ㲻Ҫ뿪ǾͿһֱһ𡣡
㲻Զϲҡȵ֪ʲôˣͲϲˡ滳˱۾ƽ˵ңңҲûᡣű㻹Ҫ˽ҡ
һֱ˵Ի
վеǻӿһİջ
滳˵ô࣬Ϊܹ֮õԼ˵Լ˽˵ǳҪֿ˵ǲԶһ𡪡
ҲҪ
Լ˵ǴҹͣڵȶȾҪ
ԼڲţԽԽ졢ԽԽ죬ȼ
̡̡̡
Ҫ֣ӱܾҲû취ܡ滳ԶԶͣԼߣǽԼ
˵滳Ҳֿġ
Ǹǣǣǡ
Ϊ滳ҡͷһƬë֪˵ʲô
Ϊʲô֪
ǻİҽӿ޷ѹԼŭ
滳ΪʲôҪϲ㡣֪ϲ㡣˵ҲЮųŭ𣬡ΪʲôҪһԼģƾʲô
滳ƾʲôô룿ƾʲôһֿ
Ǹƺе㱻ŵˣһ£ؿ
ʧأҪȥץסǰˣ滳ҡ
˫۾һʢ˾̣ܽѹţȴȻǸ滳
Щҡҡ׹ĿֻԼĵӰ
ЩİġĿ֮г˷ŭĵӰĳֱܵġǱڹѪռȵӿ𣬼Ҫǡ
ϢصζƺһҪʧˡ
ҡҧأҡ
Լǻﴫ
Ҫ뿪
ռԶԶռ˭˵Ҫ뿪㣿
Ҫ־壬Ҳ˵ֿĻָֻ֮
ԡ
滳鲻֣̿С
ҧ촽þһ˿ԿջҪ֣Ŷ
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ƽӵʱalphaŮڱ̨֮ʵرϥǷ
״ε̾˿
˵ţⰡֲҵġ
ǸܺͰţڶԱbetaƽͺˣ˵æһڰ֡
鷳鷳ЦСһʲô鷳ġ
кڵ˼ƿˮƲԼûصϡ
ùģûʲôŨصϢζȻһýˣŨҵϢ
ƴ򿪳ʾʲôζոոˣ
Ҳ֪ӣᣬǡǴϿʼҾ;úȡҲȣ֡
׸ڰɡ
סˣ
ʱ˵ģһҲûԿǣ׸ڡԵġ궯ͷϢأomegaռߣжalphaͬĵ⡣ζ̫ˡ
alphaŮصͷ
ô죿ƱʣҪһܰɡҿһͿޱˣ֮϶ҲܡôܳǲС滹ڼѽҪҪȥĵطסһ
ֻģģͷҡҡͷ̾˿㰴Լˡ
ӣʻλ۾Ů٩
ᣬͣҲҡùεŵǸζʱá
֪Ц
ţҡͷûС
˵ţһĨȥԼᡣװŹǸصǣԼҽܿͷų˻ǳߡ
һߣ滳Ѿȥҽ칫ҵ·ϣ׼ܼ顣
ҪⶨѪҺеϢŨȣԼԡ
ͨ״ӵҽ˵ţҪalphaϢش̼壬ܻЩʵķӦȵ֮ȥң𣿡
á
滳ǷƷ˵
ɡ


65
׼滳Ѿ׵ײҰ
亹ʪ˳£ָ⻹Ϊʹ΢΢ŶֻǱ۾ڼ鴲Ϣ
ۡ;һ䶡ʹĸоب֮УƿÿһΪԵĿ־ս񾭡
ϢһԼվȥͷıҽ
ҽüͷ鲻ͬҽλᣬлһλbetaŮԣϽоģŶҪٴ滳Ƚ϶࣬ĸպģ㸺ǰ滳ͨ
ڶ滳˱ϼ׼ֵƫֵϸٽһ̺лҽսۣ
֮״ǲؽġлҽ
Ϣˮƽȶ㳹ժҲ޷ȥӰ죬ͱȽϸӡֲȻָܣǶӰ켫пһ񻯡
滳˵һҪأ
һҪؽĻлҽ̾˿ôalphaһͬǰǰϵ̣Ҫµĸϡ
滳һҪǰ²𣿡
һǰ¡лҽֻҪһĵġĶκalpha

Ψ֪¡
ǣ滳˶٣ǿڣûеĻʲôӰ
лҽһӱЩӣֻǳסˣûбֳࡣ
ֻ˵ûеĻȽѰġ
Ӹղżʱ弸ֵ쳣Դ󲿷alphaϢضȽϵִϢغ𵽰Чпܱۡ
лҽؽǸʹḶ́ԶովܹʹҪࡣûаµİĻᡭ
ѡһΪί˵Ѱ
֪ˡ滳ǵͷлл
ڽϾ͵лҽŽȥŶӽнһ滳Ҫʮʮ֮ǰƷѡ񣬲֪ͨǡ滳Ǳʾ˽⣬׼뿪
лҽٽֱʱصס滳
Ҹ˵ĽǡҪϢӰĻȥе塢ҩ棬ԼԱbetaǸԷոСķ
кʵİ¡ӦһЩ״ĻҷΪڵ壬ײñƵķá
ңڲһ޷ñǡomegaؽķա̫ˡ
һҪĻҪаµ顣ƹĻߵУûжǰġ״Ҳ֮һµͬҲɹʵı֤
ô˵Щӵ滳۾ҽ֪Իߺ͹ǳڶСУǸĺӣⲻΨһļֵڡʵûбҪ
лҽ滳óʵģִżָӵϧлҽл뿪һ˽ҽԺ
ڵ״̬ʺϿǱǰؼҡ
ϰ壬СԻعͷȥģ
ʹأ滳Լҵסַ
˼ӵʱ佫Ǹַ˵ڣȴһ̵ʱڡ
ȥո˳һܣǡ۾ЦСջöŶ
ڴǲڵġ㹻ȥȻԼǸ䡣
ոյļķ̫ʵ̫ʹ滳ò۾нƤ÷ƣ̾塣
лҽ˵ܱƵĻڵʿñǡ
ǣҪָͱҪؽ
ǸҪͬġϾⱾͲalphaŮӦ֪͸顣
οڻڳܡҲûȥ鷳Է
ƣ֮У滳ǿԼۣԼһϢȥίԼɹһЩͨalphaϢذ͵ҡ
ڻû֮䳹񣬵Ϊѧ˵Ʒǿġ滳صὫԼЩܳˡ
Ϣȥû룬Ǳߺܿ첦˸绰滳ûӡ
Ҳ֪һȰҪؽڴŻ˶ؽͬݡЩûҪˡ
ȻڱͨװǱ߳ĬƬ̣Żһ֣á
ûˡ
£滳ֲ鿴һ䣬ֻһһظȥȵЩֻ۾˾ƣߵǳߵС
*
صҺȻǲڵģ֪ȥʲôطͷյҪ
ÿһ̫ˣŰϢءվڿտ˵滳Ȼùˣ̲סҪ
ķ̫ľڳϵǳ߶Դ˺ްǱЩƿƿ޹޵ͽ¥ȡԿ׿ţ滳亹һν͸˱
ɫףǰһطڣЩ嶫ˡ
Ьǽڣ滳ԼɳϣЩϢطһԡ
Ŀãʧвشȥ滳Ȼߵʱ̫æ˭ҲûʰʣµиʣԻڲϡ
ְųʹĺһָһЩվȥµ͡
˲ɢˤ뿪ҲЩû緹ȥҽԺ£ﻹʣżֻˮȡһ嵰Ѿȫˣмϡ
źöֻƻɵӡԼһֻСè
滳ؿţ֣ҪǿСè״ƻȴֻͣ˿С
ÿɰ֪ôá
ԼʱûΪһƵξǨŭѶԷǵĻҲ߰ɣ
ĻalphaŮ˵ھͻڲ棬Цӯӯߴ˵źԶ˵Ļôߣֺ޾ľһԵôտô䣬Ҫеһİη
滳˱۾ǵɬ⡣
ôһʱ䣬Ҫ벻ˡ
ȵֿ죬ֻʲôأ
ҡҡͷԼҪȥˡ󣬱Ĭصǰ³ʣµ͡
ȫ׵͸ˣˮȻЩ˽͵ļ嵰ڿǻȴֻʣ˼еҲü滳еһθźǿԼȥ͸˵𶹽ǹǻζ
滳ԵúһһȥҲȫˣƽʱһԷʱٶҪʣһЩʢʱЩͷҪԵµķ١
ʳ壬滳θЩ£˿˿Ƶʹϸθһȵʹʧ֮󣬲վùȫʰɾˣذڷһԡ
ֻʣһкõƻ
пƻڿб¶̫ãʱѾЩˣ΢΢ƣԵЩήһٲ˸ոпʱƯɫ滳һǷŽ˱ֻʣֻСèģ˿
Щ鶼ˣҲҪЩˡ
滳ֻ룬İһ֧ͿáͲҪ飬ҲԼһ
˵ҪصԼȥģҿտյģոҽԺôãˮζֻпɳϻдһϢζůڵģ̫ζ˸еⰲȫ
̫ˣҲԼһֻ̰ɳУȻЩϢſߡ
ܶܶ಻ͬζɹ˺ܶº͵ζǡҩࡢңעҺ
ҪųĵȻעҺǿʵ̫ǿɵİο滳ԥѡ˴صʽʼ
Ŵ򿪵һƿĸӡ֪ΪΣָȻЩʧƵķŶòĹ̶סƿǣȻ֮ܽŤ
ડ
ƿalphaϢԼ̫ζɷŨҲȽϵ͡ʼ飬ŻȽϱա
滳ЩŵһΣ֣߬Ƕ׼Լڱǣᰴȥ

alphaϢζ滳ʱǺüϢɳ壬šҪӾҵѹȸеһֱٵÿҪ
вСֻеŨҵġܰвʣȴ㹻ң滳ԺţҪܡϿܡ
滳Ťãܹ𽥷ƽֹͣսһƿһԡ
ϸ
һƿ͵Ļζ
ʵ˶ġײײܵϴּ䡢θжһɶ滳̱ԼɫҰסֻۿһƬͨʱ롣
еomegaƺЩʵϢؼˣ崫һҪȥľʹ亹üһˮ㡣
ջǻصɳϣ۾еش˵ƿϢء
ƿС
ƿҲС
塢ߡ
ڣ滳ֻܹ߬ؿڵ·ɳϣʹüҪݿ˹ȥһԶԼʹùƿޡ
ǱܵؼٺţҪõһ㴿ȴֻܹࡢ˴˻ŵϢأȥǡ
ܵĿ־Ѫսšš
еĶС
ۡ
·ֻεεع̶ɳϣҲ޷ѡalphaϢػһ滳һαǸʱ
ǸֻܹŮϴּ䱡һŰšƴסԼ壬ҪԼܹʧǸͬalphaվͷ̰-ЦţͷԼϢѹ滳ֻ׼Ŷǿռ˶ԴţĬ鷢ʱ
˸ҩ滳޷ԼϢأͶͼı
ֻһƳ
ҪĻƴɱΣⲻѡ滳ô
ڻֻǸûֵ˽Ůˡڷ֮б˵ɽᱣҪȥҡһαǣҲֻᱻݲݼ޸ˡ
ԡԡ
ֻһ·ߡ
alpha˻صţÿһ¶滳ҪȴȵòţҲԼȻʱҲһ
ݲУסԼ죬ԼҪҧͷ
Ȼ󡪡Ѹٵء͵Լľ
ȥǿ塣
ۡ滳ݿ˹ȥ˼ӣԺһƬհף亹ʪ˻¿㣬Ҫ̲סʹļС󣬷ڵģű߿վϴųԶЦԭء
滳ֶǿ鱻µƤ⡣
һֻѪעĺ󾱣һֻմѪ۾ضһͱȻʺ
αסˣֻ-һomegaŮûаԼҲȥĴ㡣
ȥ滳ӻƬ̣ر˾ʦҲڵԴҴҸϵȥҽԺɽƺһпĺְ¡
ͬͬѧˣڹ˵һӣֱ滳ʼǡϣǵļҵ׷Ʋ
˿̣滳ȴ·ֱǸֻһûκȨŮ
ҡɳţھҵѹȸеһȿҪʧȥǡȾңҪ
ֻоҵʹѾȥˡѾȥˣȥԼ壬ٲκ˵ѾԼҪȨ
ŨҵϢζþòɢ滳֪Լ˶áֻ˶òָǣֻǵԼܵؽıΨһġġûбȾľ
ζ
ġǿСЩƤ㹻۶ᣬû亹ÿҪԵ滳Ҫ
ϢضСҪһȥˡ
ʵֻǣѾϰԼȥʽ
ҪʲôҪӱظŬһֶȥȡ󲿷ʱ滳ܹõҪһУġ
ǡǵǣϣҪһнǮ͵λ
ĺ飬Ǳ˴˽棻װԤıҲ޷ƶԷǷԼĸеˣδΪѪԵһ˿⡣
滳ûʲôǿԲ͵õġ

֪ΪʲôϲԼϲô⡢ôôá滳һõõĶ
Դ˸еޱȵĲ֪ԼҪôصĴ۲õǷϲ
omegaؽҲ
ȵͿסռζ
ţ滳§ֻһůζججƣĳߡ
ʱļ⻨ȥ̫ſɳϣ˯á
һ۾ʱɫѾ׻ȥˣֻҡҡλεصһյСƣϸһİı̺
ԭվڹһǣˣŵ߹
飬С˵ô˯ѽˡ

滳ǸӰãȻطֱ治ԼУơ

ΰɡȻٳ뵽
ϾӦǲġ
ȻΡ
滳֣ιסеalphaŮ½ǡ
ʣﻹȾʵ˯⣬ȵұomegaϲһ𣿡


66
ûӦرǣ½ǣʲô
ʲôomega
ΰѼomegaŮֻս˾½ǵָδһ㣬۾ؿ˵ˡ
˫۾ʵģմȾһֻ̹϶λá
еĹҡҡ׹ڻ谵ĿУ̶еӳŵġʱᱻһƬҶİ
ɵ÷˺
÷
Ҳٳ뵽
Ա߶ƿƿ޹ޣЩ˷alphaϢءʱ򣬿˻δɢȥġҵalphaζɳǸոµϿڴ˸ָϢҩƷ
滳ֻɫһߣüͷ촽Ҳ԰׵ʧȥѪɫżÿҪѪҧۣǻ
һ޴վֲֺ£һҪ滳Ȼ
ڷomegaŮĺƽȣֻ˯ˣƺûʲô󰭡
׸ڣò׳ҩѹȥˣֱЩζø˱ܣǶطָԼҩֶˣȿеζɢȥܹɵغ
滳ʱʱŶƺһ˲ֶ̺ͷЩԼϢأЩʵζظǹȥ
ǳζţůڵؽΧ£ʱȥſomegaŮüͷչ¶˼ִŵƣ밲ɫ
˯òã³Ϣ֮Ҳûٶ滳ֻǰѶᵽڿûֻЩԵģ滳ȴûѡ
滳ˣҪЩµģǿԷˣȻҲЩʲˡ
סԷԼ½ǵ֣öһ£ȴûзſֻĸؽϸָ
飬alphaŮ˯ôãôֻôѽҪҪȥ˯ɳôխ
滳ֲֻϷţִܹһҲûн
ðɡĬǸܾˣοؽսˣʣǣҪҪԵ㶫ʲôʱʼ˯ѽ᲻еˣ
滳ֻһԲǻûѹƵģɫеմȾãȻͿհס
߽Щһոմȴ滳Ұ׶ѵ˿΢΢Ѫ촽
ЩѪѾɺˣ߲ĳݺۻ档һ֪ƬضûбǵϧֻõޱȴֱĶԴ
ţֻﷺһɬѹϧ
̧֣滳԰׵͸գƬֻ̣ͣ˺۵촽Ϸ

飬ǣ˵ȥñˮһ㡣
˵ţҪվȴȻһǣס䡣
滳ɫΪһӲ԰ȥ
Ҫ
ＸЩ̣۾ҡԵġһҵĿǻ
ߡ
Ҳߡοḧ˸󣬡ûҪߣ飬ֻȥñˮòã
滳ֻǸһ

۾ʪܵġϾҪ޳һǺʼսյĿǣ̹¶-һο滳ô̹ϵģ
Ȼܿɰġ
ǣʵûȥģǷʲô
ŵ滳ֻ̧֡ԷգȻᵲ˫¹һĺ۾ϡ
߱һӵסڰ滳ЩãȻ

飬۾ʮòãЦˣҾ³ˡҲʧġ
⻹Լѧġʱ׶԰൤ڷķֹ£ڹ⣬һ궼ز˼ҼΡżؼͲԼһ˯ô˵Ҳߡ
൤żҪȥӵ绰Сʮͻˣڴﻹһְֲˢ͵͵Եɿǡ
룬滳ãֱֵôСһСЦӦеͨİɣ
£ë޵ġƵĽëᶶ˶ͣ˺һȻһССá
͵Цִһ滳գúСѵŶǳԡ
˿ʼˣȥ˱ȷˮְװǵĺӱ˳ְһԱ߹ССżҲˡ
ŵػصվ۾滳ǰʱԷոպʮߡ
ʮˡʮš
Ů۾ëΪȴеĲ΢΢طŶǺɵ˳ˮ֮Ϸǳɫ޲š
ǣĵؽˮǹзźãȻֻţɫСèżǰ
ʮ
Դԥ˳ֶ˶٣۾
ͳЦֻСèżһգһ顣
滳ؿֻСèֿ
գӦһš
ȵˮͰȵˮǹУȱ߰Ҳˣصţ촽ĺøŶ顣Ҳ΢ˮһԿǡţĸɿ𣿻ˮǣ
Ե˾Сһصͷؿϣ˼ڱԹԱȵˮů֡԰׵ָ΢΢飬Ϊ¶ȶ𽥷Ѫɫ
࡭
ſ죬㱻ûһˮǽȥ
ڴݼɢ峺滳۾˼alphaŮֻͷ޹١
ʶסǿǣûüʣֻ΢΢촽ϸ׵Ŀ˪ȾĴϣȵĺ졣
˫۾Ҳʪģô޹һӲܿ÷ɿ졣
һʱֲ壬ǵԼ뷨alpha׸ڵıܡ
롭һ¡ǿǡ
վûжģֻ滳ˮ֮ļ˲ɽɳ֮С
ɳֻܴǶ˵ǱϾЩխ̺࣬ӽϸϸشͷ˽ţ滳;½ǣɺ֮󡢰һֻ˵è
̺£˵Ƚһ𣬱˴˵ȶȾȾڸϣɢ佻֯һ
ֻ֮ССţèż滳ϧرڻͷ
飬ǸСżʣոҪ˵ʲôѽ
˵֣滳սԼ
ЩƫոǶʱѾúܶˡڿֻǸʺŮոһʱᱻıʻϢˮǵһ֮С
ҡ滳̧۾ʪģϲһ㡣
˵ô̹ϣ֫嶯ҲֱףȴЩƯһ㣬ڿһӰԼвŴڵˣֵκˡ
΢΢ˣֻ뽫׵׵Լ
ȻֻЦǻomegaŮĶͷҺϲ㣬顣ررϲ
滳ˮǣ˵ͷļ
ͷųԼϢأһŻèĺ󱳣˺һ˸ոյ⣬ССش˸ǷȻ۾
׸±ûҪߣǸȵů¯رʺèſ˯һȻҲʺ滳
ů֮л˯ж˷̽ţʣ
顭
èӦš
顣
ǣѭѭա
ո˵ģǸomegaʲôѽ˺Լ𣿡
滳̫üëֻꡢ۾ҪǸ˯
滳ţңòã
˺߽һģģӦ
ءѧ㡭ֻૣҪߡ
˰ĵƣߵ滳㳹˳ߡ
°͸ļϣȴٳûһ˿˯⣬ֻǰĺڰҲеǡ
ֱ֪һԼ֮ǰǷйء
ֻϧ滳ˣֲȥԷĶ
ѧ㡱ӦָľɣԴ֪飿
²ţŵطֻϢȥ
Ͼǰҹˣ´ҲղѯʵݿһС̾˿ǴڻеomegaŮĺڷӡһǡ
Ŵ¹Ҳʵش⣬ֻҡҡλΡ޺ӰټĿռú档
滳жһ޶Ĳ԰ҡҡ׹͸⡣
alphaŮҲֻֻǳζӵų˰ߡ
*
ڶ졣
滳ʱѾˡ¶ɳϣ̺һǣһʱֲҹΰʱľλķ
ǡ
ЩãȻػҹ¶ȡ

ֻţɫСèżѾڴ˴ˣǹӺˮҲʧ
ֻСֻ֮仹һˮǵ⣬ƺζģҹһвֻǸΡ
滳ů̺ٳٻزֻǰʵҹ
ʲôʮȻͻ³֡ɰ滳̲סЦ⡣
ǴɣϾԼӦôζεô׶԰Сѵڡ
ȻţСèϵǣë޶ûнǣֻӵãĶͷ볤
󣬹ǸĻҲ֮Ժ
滳һӲҰɫ
˵һЩ˵Ļ
Ǹ
˵ΪǸ͸ϲ
滳÷ɿ죬Щ̵ҧס촽
ʱʲôš
һҲ벻ˡ
ҲϵЩֻǸΰˡ
ϾŲôᡣ
ʵ滳յģһԼҰ׵ָֻҹԼָץסȣȻúЩˡ
٣û֪Ǹ¡ֻǸΣҲûʲô
شһ滳ƣվȴʧվסţһʱʧء
ȻȴײһĻ
滳̧ͷֻalphaŮСЦõ
飬˵ôúõİԼˡǶ˵ԵģҪҪȥ
⴩˼Ӽҵ˯£ľ̳Ժ˸Сʶɵģ
Ѿصˡ
滳һӾˡ̧ԼҪࡢ˵ʲô𣿡
Щ󣬵ƺҲע⵽ɫеĻ̿벻Ǳ̧ķ˵ʲôʲô
û˵ʲôѽ顣˵
alphaŮ˵ЦԲ۾С
˵㡢ұߣ˵ϲء
ҡҹйһεļ伸ޣ滳ãȻȵǰalphaŮԼô̹϶ɵģֻ֮մȾ˵ˣ
ȻalphaŮ￴һЦ⡣
滳ڡغ
ѽѽѽѽҮ飬æҵȥ֣̱ϴҴҴˡ
滳غһջ֣˫ΪȾԵøʻ鶯ҹĿյȫĺ۾˵
Ҳϲϲ㣬滳
omegaŮ
ҡǸڻһմЩ⣬ΪȶҲ
ôȥ˲ԣһ緹Ҳûʲôصذθ࣬ȣģĵع
ԷǱ滳ЩģʵڳԲµomegaŮȳ滳̳Եһֻȣ̧ͷȻһ˶ͷϡ
С컨
Щ滳ѾܵСֽˣǵΪһЩɣ硪ȥ˾Ҫһǡߵֻˣ׽½ǲϷ֡
ʲô
ͷС컨ֽµ۾ģɰֱ
Ϊס˵ر飬ҪٽŶ

滳룬ܾԼȷʵԼС컨֮ĽܸȤ
ȥص¹ȡԼףֽתƵǮеĿƬϣһͷһalphaŮಽظԼһ֣صģ
˫۾ԲˣģɫҲ࣬ɷн¡
滳Щͣ˶ôˣ
˵飬գգ۾ǲǻڳ
滳һʱеסˣŻش𣬡Բ𡭡
ΪʲôǸalphaŮ⣬ãĴ𣿡
šһͷҲáʱ򣬲ô˵
͵ʹЩǸεĿ⣬΢΢ȥ۾
ҪǸalphaŮЦ˵֪Ǿе㲻ֵҺͼ˵ĹϵǹҪܵġ
滳Ƶػش𣺡Բ𡣡
ǾûаȫеĻҲáǵalphaŮᷳɡô²⡣
ڵǸ
Щû취ǣǣ֣Ȼһ֡
Ȼɣ顣˵ԺҪǸǾòʱһ£òã
Ҿ֪ڸе
滳˫γõ۾һʱ˵
ֻalphaŮͷָʾһԼĴָ꣬ⰴƬ
顣ݵģҪҪ


67
ݵģ۾䣬ҪҪ
滳ע˫õԲԲ۾һʱز
Ҳĳֻ۾صȴţɵķƺֻë޵Сڴҡҡÿɰ
Ҫ
滳Ƭġ΢΢ȴ꣬Ҳ˺Ρ
Ծ⣬ʪԼЩ˫
ʵһֱһֱܺ棬ʲôζġ
ϾalphaŮ촽ʪر𽡿ķۺɫǺϲʳСӿζôһͷ׵ǹС
ĴҲǹһӨ͸Щ΢ţһССġƯĴ顭
Ӧİɣ
Ȼ֮ǰҲǹʱ򼸺һֱ滳ȲalphaŮֱ֪Էôѧô졣滳ԼҲǵļɵģ׼Լһ컹ص˱ʼǡ
ȻһʵʱȴǸвǵһֱһֱᡢҲҲԼӦҲˣֻܽŶԷ½ǣͷԷؼҪǸ
ǣҲ볢һζѽ
滳һʪԼ촽
áԼ˵ǣ㲻Ҫ
Цͷš
ǣѧһʱӣסalphaŮĲᴹ˫ȵĴӡһǡ
ζõζһ㱡ɲҶ⣬ȴֺȺȣȵ˼ֱҪڻӵ滳ѧϴνʱģȥǱø
ãȴķλȸߣ滳ЩǱ˿˫Ϊȱǵķʽ糺һƬҪȴalphaŮȻеվֻ촽ʪط죬ûܵһӰƵġ
飬С˵λ̫
֪Ｄ˺ʤģ滳ʵҧҧ촽
ǰalphaŮ˵صľߣֱ̧ۡᰴڶԷϣȻalphaŮ۾
պϼףһޱıƣ
ۡǽϵalphaŮҲе㱻ļŵգգ۾ѽСѩ
滳
˵Ȼһδȥ
֪ԼȻǿƣȴȻСζֻëè䡣
úϾӦˣֻվﰲصǣżҪӦᱻomegaŮһۡ
ţ滳һŲסһ壬Ҫƿô޷رһ£ֱӵalphaŮĻ
Ǹ滳һ
۾ԲԲalphaŮ۾Լ糺Ц촽ʪġ
飬ߵţҪʼ
ʲ
ȫ̳ԽǸ
ȼҪȥǣܻѧϰֽǷʽ뷨ԺȴֻʣһƬհס滳ʧȥ֧ŵִֻܹϣalphaŮļ
ֲͣͣ¡
ǸalphaŮûʶԵˮѵۿ
ֹǣͨ촽̵ȥЩᡣ
СѩЦ
滳Ƶһ£Ҳûޡ
alphaŮƫƫϷš
֪֪Цãڻûѹ
滳ҡҡͷ
ǣԺǾͶ˵еӣ滳۾ʲôʱҪǾòΪҶѹˡӰԺԼóԴˡ͹ҡ飬Ҿ֪ѹˣҲˣòã
˵̹̹ϳϣ˿ûһ㲻ͻᷳζڡǳγޱȵ̫滳ؿز
滳Լʱ򶼺ᷳԼԵ޹ʵΪһС¾͸е̰ɿʵƺԶҲе㡣
ģҪªࡣ
򴽣ò˵š
顣ʣҪҪ
alphaŮ̧֣ٳԼСĴָ˻ΣȴĻӦ
ɡ
ֻСӲŻ¡
滳ţ֪ԼҲһЦ⡣
ֻ̧֣ЩalphaŮСĴָҡҡλεԼ
СûġĸʱڼҸ׶԰׶԰Сѵְֶ֪иƶǮľƹ̸һųĸǲúǺ棬Լĺӱ滳ǸƵļ̸˺
ǸǸ˵СѣڱԼѵ֮󣬱ҲٲҺˡ
СС滳ʶ磬ϥһǡŴС﷭С˵ЩͬСǼճһѡرЦ֣ʵҲĽġССǣЩƵϷΪĳԼ
ʱҲʲôӡ
Ƕȥ´֪ġ
ǣǵСͱĿȱȴһһر
ʲôӵģ
ǡ֡
ůᶨȵܽڻ̫Ѫŵġʱʱ̴̿ķҲɺͯǣֵڡԶԶظͯʱС滳һֿ׾ӵ
á
滳Լ
ԶԶӵԶſ
ӭalphaŮԲ۾滳ֻҲ΢΢ЦЦ
ֶܹ֮٣ؽһ
ȵomega
滳ûаԼЩӵԸ˵ֻ֡ٳٲԸſȻalphaŮͶ˵ҡ١
Լǵʪܷ촽˵ţԼ
״Ц飬ôôɰѽ
֡һһεǡ
滳ԴΡԽŨζ˿˿ġȵǣڴ֮䲻£ԽԽ̡ûзǸоֻԴǡ
ͣǡ
ҲȴƵҧ˴ٲǸղŵʣɵԲ۾Ｘһ־̡
滳վԭأֻãȻҪ֣
ҡ滳
ֻҡͷ𿿽Լĺ󾱡
ǣȴȻ޷赲ЩŨǿƵζ硢ӣʱ
alphaŮŵüҪˡ
㡢𿿽ңۿһӺˣҵ׸ڵˡ


68
ҡalphaŮۿҵ׸ˡ
ǸģǱ滳ǽϵģ˭ֱ۸һ
滳ãȻգգ۾ԣ
ԡҡʪģԲ۾ίصʹţ̲ס
ǵġ
ⲻalphaҪɡ
滳̲ס롣Сһ÷ɿ죬ղǵʱôȴôɥ
һʱ˵㻵˼ɴѹȥŵˣյʣ̲סʲô
Ľ£ǽalphaŮһ£ҵؿܿߣҲĺ죬һֻŵüβ͡ԭתС
滳
alphaŮǽ֮䣬ֶ㲻ֲҶƿֻܹͷԽԽֻ͡滳һȾ̵ͷ
״滳еӵЦ͸һ֡

ڣѭѭգţ
ԽԽ˵ĺҲҪһȼù̡
ҡ̲ס㡭
ڣalphaŮſǻѿڶҿʵ۾
ǻûأ

ӵġҪζ滳գգ۾Ҳԭء
ᡢµشվţalphaŮͨҲغ˶䣬飿
۾ˣ
Щ£ꡢʲôġҪ
վţһʱ˭Ҳ˵
ĽǣصȥűԼɺð̵һšڶalpha׸ռϣ滳һԴ
alphaŮԼʵʵǹ˾һֻһֻذŪ滳һԵָյͨ졣
ɵĸԣ׸ڣһһԵøһڵĽʱ
ʱָֻ⣬Сרעֱֻÿ԰׶ͬùǼܵʲô亱е䱦
滳Ūòڣʶ뽫ȥһЩڸסԼµǳֻ̺ۡǸһ˶ָͱalphaŮһסˣֲϷš
滳alphaŮίߵСһҪ
滳ֻ÷ɴཫԼ˵ݣȥˡ
ôһalphaŮɫͨ죬һ֣̽̽ͷ¶ȡ
ȡ
alpha׸ڣ滳ֻ̫֪׸ڵalphaøкйԣԼomegaֳѰʹֱռУϢҲԿơ
һֱֵúƽ
ıƽûκβ𣬶ķʽҲûʲôͬʱġǼŻalphaһֱͬ׸ڵԵɶ㣬¶Լªͱܵһ档
УΪ˷ֹӰ쵽˹䶼ʪġǿżʪûһϢصζ
žΪһֱûϳġԵڶԷ׸ôΣڸalphaŮֲܡ
ţ滳Щյش˴ЩͷԵԼָ֣ݽ΢Ĵʹ
alphaŮƫƫԴ˸С
һ̧ͷ顣
滳ʣô
һֻҲҡЩԵô˵
ˡ
ҺûôºۼalphaŮûǳǳѹֻۣס֣ȻŪʮָ۵ơ
һ̧ԼЦٺ١
յͨ죬۾ȴģǡɷ滳Щɬؾˡ

ţʣǸڻ᲻𣿡
ѽҳԹҩָ⣬ָڴ𣬡ҳȥ֮ȥƽһˡҴ˲ҩ
滳סˣҩ
šalphaŮӦصͷǡ׸ʱõģСңʲôصڡĺܷġ
ͻȻأһڴߵǴĻ
Ǹһ컵ζҲûС
ֻֻľһ촽ײƵġ
Щʹ򴽣̧ۡ
ֻomegaŮɫЩݣ۾ĶԼܲԸðǼһ
ô顭
գգ۾ȻոǸԼǱŲ²⣬Ϊţȥƽ㣬Դ𣿡
شǵڶ׾ջǡ
һľ
˷뿪ʱ滳Ƶģ촽ҧһڲꡣ
ѽѽѽһ£æֱ꣬Լ촽סˣһ
Ϊʲôѽ顣
űӣЩƵشԼ׸ﲻЦԲ۾ЦСèҧ
滳һ¡
alphaŮ²ˣ۾գգͣǳԴ
Щҩ
滳˵źȻԼɤЩɬ
ҩҽģʺ㡣ҳԵĻһʲô⣬֮ܲܡΪʲôҩ
Ҫѽֻ˵
alphaŮ˵õʣԲ۾ɾò˼飬ֻǼȻһ
˵ܵʱҲǹģ顣ʵҵʱ׸ˣ֡ʱ˵˵Ҫ뿪ҡҪҷֿҺر𼤶ܳȥˡ㡣
ԵĻһ˵㡣
˫ԲԲһ͸۾ţ滳һʱʧȥԵ
գŴۡЩɬ˵ǡҲܡȵʱˣͻѰˡôãҪ
һȺȻա
̧ͷһա
ǣ飬alphaŮ˵ֻңҲҪע塣ҪҪ˺Լ
̫ս
滳˫۾һʱǲ֪ʲôȥˣֻص˵ͷ
ɣ
alphaŮ۾䣬̧֡
ҪԼġԼҲᱣ㣬òã
á
Ǹŵ滳Լ
Ҫ˫γ̫㷢ǳɫͫ˲䣬ĵţᱣκˡ
á
滳Ӧ̧֣Լ
ڿɳֻֻȻһĻ
һϢװ
Ȼ֪ˣС㡣
˵
죬Ǽһɡ


69
ڶ峿
顢顪
վأֻŶ̤ţȴ̲סˡ滳ſкõӣЩ߹ȥôˣ
alphaŮ绻칫ʱװͷҲ룬һܻ˵¹ڳģԲ۾ȴҡβ͡Сһ
飬˵㲻ҪŶ
֪滳𣬡Ѿ˵ˡ
ֲһֹ˼䣬ס֣֣صomegaŮ۾ģ飬ĲҪŶȥ㹫˾㣡
滳εؿ𣺡֪ˡ
˵ڶ죬Ȼ֢״ȥˡϢҲܹõƣ׸ڵӰȴʮ
ڵģ֪ˡ
ֻȥϸѣֱֻ˾ŸСʱжͣ滳ֲŵӣ˵ҪҲˣֱҪ滳ڴһߡ
ӭ˫Ŀ⾼Բ۾滳пӣû취ģ˵ͷ
ˡӦ֪
Ҫڴһߡ
ֻȥΪģҪȥװڡomegaǼ¡
΢װֻԼ棬ȴʱص֮һҲ϶˵ҲԼԼ֪Ǽص£ڲֽºۼȥ˺þãһ϶û˯á
Ҫȥװֿ϶ܴ滳һܾĵһ֡ţ滳һתԹԵȥЩΣյ¡ǲϧԼ£Լomega
գգۣǰomegaŮ˫ĺ۾ôҲ벻һȫķ
գalphaŮ̧֣֮ǰʱģ˻˻Ρ
滳Щ󣬻̧סСָض˶Ĵָ
飬Լ㻹ǵðɣҪġʲôѹ£ң˺Լòã
˫۾ЩƵģ΢΢
滳ŴӦá
һ㣬飬ҳ˼صŵ֮󣬲ص˵ͷ
ðɡ˵ţ°ȥ
˵䣬alphaŮȻȴסˡ
Ϊǿ̫ˡ
ոʱûע⣬һŷǵľô˫Ưĺ۾ߣܹŵõ滳ҧŵǿӵζҵĹ֭ʪ촽Ե͸ۡ
Ϊ滳Ҳסˡ
Ȼ֣ι˾䡣
ᣬ۾
̫ɰˡ
͵ײһ¡
ЦǿӴ滳ݼȡߣڶԷãȻע֮УԼȥ
ӵζ嵭ġˮ𣬻ȾŶ滳䱡㣬Ȼظο׸ŵȡ־滳ֻؿϸָǣ½ǲš
ǳǳǺ˿벽
ǿԼӿЩؽЦ°Ŷ顪
滳ͷЦԷӻ֣һֻЬת뿪
飬һֱȥǼҿװʱ
ֻΪװɫʵ̫ˣͫлްǽţֻԵ˵ͷһʱ滳Ƴһ۵Ƿһ
һˣƷܺһݣ֪дʲô
վָЩ䣬һʱҪ£ܿ𣿡
Ȼװͷͼ΢ЦɫȴȻض࣬ɣС㡣
Ƿ顣³һŷ˵һҳ
ǡ滳״˵
˵Լȥ֮ѹͲݲݱԺˡûеõʱҽƣһʱΪӦ˹ҩڷÿǺҩʹ״ԽԽ㣬֢ϣųһԿƵȳ
棬װָĦſȱڣ˿ڣʵС㣬Ҳ֪ǶǴ
Ӳ֪Լȥġ
һѲֽ
ڸеʱʱûгꡣǸС
ֻһ룬ͿҪ޳ˡ
Ҫ۰
ʵ滳رҵġңһһҪ㡣װҲ֣أЩȷֻǣʵǡ
״ҽƶƷ
ժ塢ԼΪbetaӴһϢصӰ졣
ֲͨķʽָΪһͨomega
ţֻءû֪ԼѾҧݣ֮մȾ˳⡣
滳˵ġomega
ʵѾ׼˺ܾã滳֮ǰװʱһֱҪһϢصӰ죬ҪΪһbetaǶ繫
Щðգַĳɹ΢ƫߣȻܳһʱ䶼ҪҩƣҲͨмصĺ֢ʱΪһֺʵѡ񡣡
ŵڶַһкӡˢּԵޱȼĿ
ֲ塱Ԥ񻯡֢ءСҪͬ
ЩۼѷomegaŮ׹ǰСҰ׶Ѫ졣
ǣҲȻ̴նɬüҪᡣ
Щѵؿڣɬǣڡ
ǽˡȻ滳һֱûȷϵҿóȷʵڽװ˵ƽһѹֵǣԣҪѡڶַ
ֲ룬ԼΪomega
޴йںͷЩ˵
ûʶԼմ⣺Ҳ֪
šװͷ滳ҺöΣһһܸ㡣ԼһúܺáҲ֪
滳ʲôνʵر¡Ҫ볣һҪָԼĻͿһֱһ𡣡
һֱҡΪѣұġװͣĦſȱָֻǡڶҪµͬͷβûҪ㡣
еĻԺһ
ؿ˿ڣЩϢء
ԡװǣǣǣֻûЦóɫΣ˰
ЩܲӦalphaŮԼͼÿһƿԹˣ˺þá
װͷǾ׼ķ
ЩΪĴƷ˵ţеĻŻǰȥɡ
ͨġΪ̵ʵޱȶҡ۾ƺеЩοҡҡͷ
滳ҵѡҵѧãҲҵ˾ߵڣҲɹװ֪һˣҲ϶ԳŹġһֱôãǸͯŻôģ
ǡǱϾ̨˵ţһ٣ΪԼıժ۾Ϊѣû̫ˡ
ԣѡ㡣
Ҵûм滳ôһˡ
װ
룬Ļ˵ܹıľ
Ѿժ۾˫Ͻ걸۾ʱ¶һֳϿҶⳡѼ˱ĵܾһξȫߡһˡ
գգ۾գЩ⡣
֪
ԼҰ˵ѣءŵص˵ͷ
һġһġ
װ뿪ҲվǷƷսԼı
̧֣Ĩ۾ȥԼɬ⡣
Ҫ޵ģǻǸõʱҲûôʱ䡣
ֻҪڡ̣ȥԼİ˵ߣӵԼ
ֻӵҲֻӵ
ǸӵҪԼеȫԼİˣнûĨȥеĲҲҲɡ
ŲҴҡ
飬ڸѽ
Уһһ¡
Ҫȥ
*
ܲ
滳Ϣеü
ǵһյ֡˵ġڡϢ
أڹ˾
һͷܿϢ
25.6ArtҪȥ
֮ǰ˵°ʱ滳Щ󣬵ǻ˸ʾáıǻıֻСëͷҡͷԵصͷģ
СʢĲģ滳ԼǲҲһ˿Ц⡣ֻ룬ǴžҪսپˡ
ڲЪķſŵң
ʱλСɳУֱͦɫڲݺòĿ֮䡣óǶԼڸԭܹճΪһָӵ顣
ԼҲȷʵûѣȻôҪá滳ĵΪԼССؿһ䣬Ҳȷʵڹ˾شҲ
գ̧ߣȻңʣ𣿡
滳һ١

ȻķӦңõ˴𰸡̷ġbetaðɡһ̾˿
ྭ쵽á滳˿ڡ
ʵڲ֪ôáĽȥΪ˵ңֻøɴرܵعϵʰ˸ո˿⣬ָʱ䵭òӣƽ̬ȵʲô𣿡
ңá
ǲƽʱⳡʱԷҼɵҾ̾
ǡ滳е㿴ġһֵ顣
Ҫ滳ĻŻ뵽ĸסļʱλѧڿӡ͸ݣȻ޷λСܵľ裬ȴڿԼŮѡ
ǡԼˡ
ЩĻҾͲ˵ˡ˵ҲûʲôáңֻǸɴұ롭Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһ˵ˣֻǾ㲻⡣
ȷʵֱ׵ġλСྭĸԡ
滳ס
ϸ룬ҪҪСǶʱԼͻˡ˵ˣС˵ûаٷְٵİصס
˵ҲòŴҽƭѾҲš
˷֮⣬ҽϾҲûʲôֵƭġ
ԣ滳ʶ͸¶һ˿̲ͬסάû
ע⵽ңüë滳ҲźȻԼʧ̬ͣס
źߡңͷʵ޹Ҳǣǵ̬ͬӴԵԶԼһźıҪӳ죬
ԣǾá
˫Ф൤۾滳
̸ɡ
滳ôţһʱסˣֻЩ˵
£ҽҲˣȷϵٺЩ׵ĺѧҲǻ¡ңΪˣôģҲܹܵġ
˶٣˿ڲˮָЩԥղ豭˵
ֻ͡ǣ滳СܣҲˣҽͦģʵԺܴ
ң˫۾˸֣µС
һˣͻȫȫţԶһ˿ɡ˭˭ͻ޹ǵȥȥԼӵеһж޹ǵȥĺϲ㡣
Ҫʲô£ҿҲȻһᾡ㸶ۡң˵ţЩεЦЦ͡Ǳ𣬿𣿱𹼸úһһ
ζ滳ûزղص˵ͷ
ǡһ
ΪalphaŮᵽ£һӾ뵽Ǹ档
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á滳Լһġ
ңãƺҪҵŵĺۼ
գ֣صص˵ͷһƣã
ңվֺȻ𣺡ȻҶѣС̺С̷Ǳҽƻûҵʱ˵ҪԼ̸Ҳͬˡ
˵գ滳ɫοضͷҲ̫ˡСǱҽܽһ֡
ЩҲ׼뿪滳ȥ
ﲢţȻһơĹ롣
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ܣѹõ͵͵ģܿţȴȻһ㾪̵ĺۼΪֱӺԼ˾ͨţǰ̨иֵ˵ҪҴͨĵ绰ֻòߡ
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Ǹalphaˣ˵ԼΡû֤ͨ˵ֻҪ˵֣Сռǡһҡò⣬ԡ
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ʱͼǿб竣Ρ
滳ѹѹüëѴĳŪζ
ĺܶԡͨһͷӴң籣׼Һܿ͵
ͨҶϣ̧üۣȾ˵ǵңһס
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ŲסڵͷĲŷһֻʯֱֻۡͷ桢ɫƣżΪǶϵؿҧԼʣһָֻףҲ˸ʱƵĲһ
·õĵȴĥȥдһ˿Ͼ滳һһͱǡȱomegaˡֻڲмĿ־塣
滳ʱŶ롣
ߵɨǰˣЩȻѹѹüëƽĻ̫ˡ
˵οڴ¶һǵֻֻ
ո£·۵ûκλۡ
ԴڼҵƲƵϰߣһֻֻܵ
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ʶ˸alpha˻Żææɳվڳ󱾾ȳһȣʱôҲֱ
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alphaһ׵ɳ
ɫҰס罬ֻɵԼܹָֻ֣ԵزţȻв˵
Ϊ֪滳óֻЦ˵ôһ䡣
ͼǿб滳ʱǸ߶Ȼûɹϴּ滳ȾѪ۾סһ˲վûȥġ
ϾǸomega˽ŮôҲֻ˺Լȥ塢ԼŪñȴ˺һһƨɾͳ˹׵簮¼һǻƵأǶξҲûἰ
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СһalphaŮ˲䣬޵øˡ
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ڣǸalpha˵ˡ
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еʱͼҡ֮һˣʵȱǮͱɽˣҵ鷳
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ֻǣʵڡ̫ÿȥЩ̫ڲˣ滳ЩڽЩ浥alphaŮĹ·ҪЩ
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ΪأΪ㲻ް
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71
޵ʵ̫ѹˣɴɴصĲ֮䣬ȵˮμҪһƬʪܵġŲľζĺ
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alphaŮȻ˿ڣȾſǻƵġ
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ȻЦЦ㲻Ҫ˸еи߾ҪҸ𣬻ʲôġ
ʱӣǿż佩˵ָеһʹ滳ЩŪضԼЦЦ
ǣǼ˵ȥǿϴģʱ㲻ԸһĻһȥϴǡ㲻ҪӣҲ
һͻӵĻ
滳alphaŮ䣬ƺĿˣ
İ¶滳ȴûѡ
ӵalphaŮ弸Ϊ
ҲشˣֻԼţƽ
ʵûʲôġ˵Ե֪£Ҳ鷳
ʹ
ޱȼǺһ䡣
ҲƲסĿǻ§˻еϸˣ
۵İ滳Ϊʲôô˵ԼΪʲô˵úʹôֵһᡭ
żӵţ۵İǸôôۡȥ滳ȥ
omegaŮĬ壬ϸݵüһƬӰӡ
һƬץסӰӡһͻԼߡȻںҹʧ
ԼŻˣֹӵͷȥ϶Է촽
ȥ
˵ϣǶ׾ӵõ廨һԡ
µ滳˫ĺ۾ֻǿտյӳҹģʪܵģ·Ҳڿ
alphaŮԽԽףžֱ䡣
ҲֵģҲҪϴǣ㲻ôԼ㲻ȥ
滳һһalphaŮʪա
̵ģȵζ
ʣ𣿡
ƴͷ
ǡǱǰɣ滳ǱǡҪ̽ǻȥͱǡ
ϲ㣬滳ĺϲ㡣
alphaŮţǵø
ԶԶ뿪㡭


72
ô˺þãԼ˵İƽ
ֿۿͱǼⶼǺģͷɥü۵ģһֻʪСƫƫȴִֵֺ֣˵ʲôҲϷš
滳޵ñӷ£ҲƵģӦңȥǸ
á滳û취شӦҲȥ
ģalphaŮԲ۾ضƭң顣
滳ִߡ˽յ֡
ȡ
ָΪȥʪģȾ£ȶ
ʱůסůڵ¯𣬻ǽһжڵ̫
ǣ滳΢΢Ůʪ´һǡ
ġ˵һϸ΢ƮȻɲ죬ҲȥҲˡ
滳룬ʧȥһסķʽ˰
ֻ޵ôףԼȥˣҲֻͽնѡ
Ǿ˰ɡ
alphaŮֻرһڡ
µһ滳Ȼͷҧȥ
ľֻҧǳԹһסƬζ㣬Ҫ滳ԵƵġ
滳˿ЩűСҧ촽һۡ
ˡ˵λ˽յ֣ȷһ¡
ԣalphaŮķӦ󣺡Ϊʲô
һս滳֣εرԼ޵Сӡ
飬ܾض滳ǲҪˣ
ûС滳ΣȥŪԵġ
ม˵ڵͷЩ鲻ԸǿɿȻ֣صУĲҪŶ顣
滳ͷεشӦţЬӡйͷȥŪ˰С¯Ǳżȡܿ죬ȺõĶӹͷ˳ϣﻹǱͷ顣
ȵĹͷalphaŮԼЬӡůڵ̺棬Ǳ顣
ͷɿشֻͷеСؽһӵݸԲ۾գգͣ
ڵķζڻڶ
˫޹ŵк̽۾滳֪ʲô
Ǹǡ
㲻˵ǣ滳èƵڶԷϲ䣬˸λãſڣ֮󡢲ſԱ𣿡
˵ʱ滳̧ߣȻalphaŮ˶䡣
ǡǡ
Խ˵ԽСߵҲˣĺһֻߵÿҪ͸˵Сӡ
ǡǿȽ顭
˵
ǡֻǲ˵ġһҪһ¡غʽУҪнָֻſ顣
ԣߺ˶ãҲܹڡ
˵ĻҾ顣
alphaŮô˵ţ΢΢ͷԼҰ˲԰ϸľֲ䣬СĵرܿڵĶӹͷȥնԷ֡
Ϊ㲻ܻò˵ţսǼָֻ⡣滳бǵĻ᲻úһ㣿
СִŵεĻ滳Ҳ̲סҪЦ
ӭߣֻ˫ԲԲСһ峺۾ڴҪͷ
ÿɰ
滳롣
Լ߲šԼָֻԷϿ˿ΪޱůԴ΢΢۾
š滳˵ᣬǾͱǰɡ
alphaŮһӺܾϲֱ壺ģ
İ滳𣬡Ǿͱǣ
룬лҽ˵ǿԽܱǵģܴѰʹУ滳ںЩֻҪȥһΡҩЩ׼žͿԼΪˡ
滳ĵزţ˱ǣǾͻԶһ
Ҫġ
Ƭ̵ġǸ˲ıǡ
Ҳֻ˼죬СˡĦϵ̫ҲһֻǣһֱŵĻһỵġҪĻˣȵǷֿ죬һˡ
ǵĻ
ǸĺӣҲȵֵʱҲǿȥϴǡ
ġĺϲζ
ġܣ̫һů⣬Ҫĵ˯ȥôů
ţ滳۾ԵԴϿø
ǣ˵ǡʲôʱǣ
԰ŵļһalphaŮò¶ȥһֺˣЩ֧֧˵
죿ڲЩİ˵ϣ
˵ţϵ¶ԽԽߣҲĵ͡
գ˵ҡЩ׼
滳̧ߣֻߵͨ췢̵Ķ⣬һֻСƻ
ȥֻջһܾۡĲӦһԲ۾ŵ
滳˵ƻ
ܻҪ顪
ƻգ滳ӦðǾϡ
һ˵ѾѹſҪҧalphaŮֺˡصȻ󡰰ءһҧ԰׵ա
ûôҧģ滳㣬ﱧ˶ʵڲ㣬һ񣬾ͱ˳ϡ
滳Ʋˣˡ
СһalphaŮֻҧ𾢣ֽڴǺͶ⣬ݺ۷ȣ滳ֱסָڡز˲䡣
ô˺һ滳Ѿûˣֳһĺֻſſ۵ֱ
alphaŮȻ޹ģǳԱһͣɴཫһҡҡ׹ĹͷʢһЩҪιԼİԡ
飬գգ۾滳顪
ȻʲôҲû˵֫ʵֱףǸС׶Ҫˡ
ָܵĶ֮ǰûйġ滳ҧ촽ԼȴȺ
alphaŮ⣺飬ҲúŶ
滳ʶ̧ȥԼĶ䣬øˡûʲôɱصԼɵİһۣޱµĳ𵽶󣬽һлȵķѶӳԵˡ
ְģùԺùԣֻţ˼ġгԵСʳè䡣ţо񱻻һڻһ̲
ôһһ׵سСͷè³һؿϣŻ򿪵鲻ˡϸس䵱һֻ⿿棬ʣµĹͷҲꡣ
ǳԱ㡢ָոֹһ滳Ǹеһʵƣ롣ַ飬յеȻָչֵalphaŮ
ǲ塢һǲͲߣԻţͷͷǣǲߣԻϥǵλá
ֻһͨȴalphaŮԣ۾ؿ
ۣ飬˵Ŷ
ʲôġ
Ҹеʱ棬Һ͹εһʶͶֻϹϡ˵ţҪǵʱһĻͲò
滳֣ɵķ
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ָָͼ״ʾԵİˣ̧ͷȥǿ֮Ѱң
ʵ滳ǶⱾģСѧʱֻӢİģֽҳҲɾɵġ
СˣΪͥԭҲȺһ꼶μʱ򣬱СܣСС滳һԵĿսԴš
ѧУûͼݵģֻһܳ¾ɵġû˶ͼǣͷУⰮʿ鼮ĵǻģŤŤѰûС滳һһȡһһ
ʿʱδǹѧȺĽ̶ܳȣЩͦӵС˵кܶļ鼮ԼСֵ顣
С滳ʶ磬ơй˿ھ롷ǡŮѧʷۡһһ꼶̫ˣ꼶ſġ
ʱһ꼶еС˵Ժ󣬱ҵⱾ˻ҳȫӢȫԼһصţʵ䡣
ǣСС滳㱧Ŵʵ飬ԼԣһһʵʶȻ鷴ض
ССָֽҳţԼλã۾ڻ谵Ľҽǹģ
ѾҪˡһոµ飬ֽϵָѾʱͯģůalphaŮͷͷһͷ޲õҹյѰǵӰ
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ŵ賿ʱ滳ʵòУԴһؾҪ˯ţֻ˯һ޻ǿ˼ңŤŤè˻ؼﴲϡ
ڶǹգֻǱиҪҪ׼
ǡ
ϵʱҪǡ
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ȥлҽ˸飬֪Լܹɹܱǵĸ87%ϣֶŶԷͬĿõ˿ڷʹҩҩࡣ
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Ҳ̧ߣĿײৡغ
һ˭Ҳû˵
ҡҡ飬գalphaŮȿ˿ڣȴŵЩ״ΣһذԼĻ顪
һʾպõɵĻïܶʢʢģ滳߹ȥڻŵϤֲʱھúһ㡣
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׼˵ģűõӰڲϣʵڶ̫ˣҲԲȥʲô滳飬ǿԡȱǣȻٳԡ
ƻһalphaŮصͷǣǷֿȥϴ裬Ȼȥҡ
滳ʱѾϴˣ򵥵سϴ˳Ȼ׼õո
ûھǰ࿴Լ壬ֻǲ˵ĳ¶Լλãҧ촽ҩͿĨǿ˰ϣΪѹϸ΢ʹж
лҽ˵Ϳ֮󣬾ͲôʹˣҪһ̲С
ҩɫģһζϢζ滳Լᱻ׽š׼һкЬȥķ䣬ڴ߰صȴ
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Ь˴ƽڴϣȴ
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ǸǡǣǲҪҧһ£
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ȥֱۣomegaŮһ£Ȼһԣȴøˡ
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滳ֻҡͷ
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˵ţԼһߣλñ¶ƽ
ʲôԡ
ô˵ţĸĳ˳Ŵ󾱵һ̣滳ȴսط˶̴ٵľ

йһͷֻҧס촽˳ܵؽп־嶼ȥ
ϢôůôȶۣǶζľ˿
滳ȴ޷ѹԼľ塣
޴ġʼڹѪĿ־ţɡ
·ֻصǸص㣬Сϴּ䣬صڵ󼴽ҪһζĵС
滳۾ֻϣԼҪ̫̫⣬alphaŮȫޡ
ʵ滳֪ԼӦӦʬһû취ֵ컣ǿԼĿֻţѾķȫľ
ţԼոµ˯ȹҲͿ顢ɶӹľǲġ
ֻϣҪ˯ȹ
ǼЦһϣ浥alphaŮҪֱԼªɱ塢ȻʧȥȤñúõĵһҹⱲҪöĵĻ䡣
alphaŮָĺ󾱣һµս
ۡ
̫ˡĴ滳úʹԼûϵģѾùʹҩûµġ
滳ٳ뵽Ӧáǲʹûȥİɣ
ججؽãԤϵеľʹȴٳûн١
滳Щشͷ̧̧ͷȴȻһ
ŵһӾ˴ȴֻǱ˸棬ɵƣؼ
alphaŮֻͷԲ۾ģΪߺͽŶˮ˫ְοļ
飬С˵İɣ
滳ͷalphaŮ
۾


73
ֻǳϣǳǳġֲֻһ
Ĵȶۣطˮ
ڳһδ¶ζ
滳ڴϽٵġ-ɫӶζٽһǡ
ر۾ûзӦȴȻеиϡ
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ѣ
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˵ߴţ˫Բ۾棬ҪʵʩԼĴ㣬滳ֱпһֻζ
ûüӦһ֣մ
滳ʶĿ֡
alphaŮѽһЩŵؿ˼䣬Ȼȴ٣ۼҪ
һأ滳ȥȻһӺݵض㿪ˣ˸ա
ֱ̧̧°ֻͣ·ӮһƵģԲ۾ܵߺߡ

ǵ󡢳ıųʤ׷ģ滳һӰѱʲôҲ׵Ժֻŵ۾Ҫ
Ȼ֪ǲΪʹҩЧĶ̫죬滳Ȼеһѣӿ
˻Σĺɫȥʱֻһӵ
飬Цҽס
˵ţЦ⣬ůڵһ㣬ͺ̫
滳ЩֻԼؽԷļƬӰ
˺һ˵ԲùҵģֱӱǾͺá
ҸҪalphaŮף۵ģ顣
˵ţ̧˳Ż˵ļָڳڵıϣںһֻè
ܸոһ滳Ӳǵ״̬г˳˿ȴȻǽŵġеļٷˣԻţΪȵĽ¶һֲҰɫڵȴĳһ̽Ҫٵʹĥ
ǣ
ӵomegaŮȫȫӵһ˲Ȼɿ֣Ȼ⡣
飬ͷЦϷɣ
滳ʶҪӦʣͷ㵽һ룬ȻãȻסˣ

Ϸ
֡ĳϷ棬ĳϷȿʼĴֱϷ
Ϊ׼ǵʱϲ鵽˹ϢǸϷ滳ԭһѣԼΪЩ²ĺ˶⡣
ˣֱalphaŮǣšںƺ˫ɾԲ۾ʱЩãȻ˺һŽҪʲô
Ȼৡغ͸ˡ
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ΪʲôͻȻô죿Ƿ̫𣿰ҵϢ̫Ũ
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գ滳չ̵شͷҲֻǣǣ֣ˡ
ЩǵؿһڴӦšðɡ
ǣͷ飬ǿʼ
õ滳ĵͷܽЦǱѾõֱƴʱ͵ط滳ֱϣžһ
滳еûӦֻ㶵ؿ
飬˵մŵСӵĵ⣬һ
滳ʣ֮أ
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СѧԵ֡
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滳ֹһȴҲ˵֣ƴ
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滳ԼûʶѾղеĽǺͿֻȫԺȫȫسЩɵĴֱϷ
ıһ滳λʱֻӮһС֣Ȼ·
̫ȫעˣ涺Ťָȥ׽Ū滳滳ֻһۣͶ뵽Ϸ
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ֻΪϷĺܿɰ
ղЩһĽͽӲѾȫӰ滳ĳɢڼ羱ԣϻ΢΢һ⣬ȴࡢ΢΢ͷ۾һգգض֣ƴƺʲôһ
ĺһֻȫע׼סèè䡣
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ߺߡַһЦָȥ׽ŪеĶ䣬زŪǱĶ⣬ôأ飿ѽ
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滳ģһʱŪˣҲֻͨŤ壬ţҪ˴ȥ

ЦѾҪû˷ۿȾԵˮ
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ڿˣȵԼҰ˵ļϣɥʧ
СѩǱȥڻˮҵѩ

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ЩǷ׷µӡǣЩ˯ȹ£Щȴòϵڣͻأ¶滳԰ļԵΪۡ
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˵λһ㣬˵һ䣬һ׹Уƽȡ
ãáֻܹشӦ˯
˻еŮԹԵر۾
Ϣصζ̫ܹˣȶůӵҲ˯˹ȥ
ʱѾˡ˯ıû۾ȴԵĴλѾˡ
ţ
лalphaŮһ˹˹䡣
滳Ѿ뿪һˣû·ԵλҲѾˡ
˴Ьȥͷˡ
ǿŵģֻ׼õ͡һ˷ݣӲʽӦǸģȴֻһ˵꣬ҲûˣҲûϢֽ
ȥˣ
ޱͷѹ˳ĵǡ
᲻ǡԼ۸̫֣Ȼ滳ˣ
ǹ˾Ӱ࡭
ԸȥЩĿܡ
ʱȻע⵽صλã滳ЬӺ׶ڣӦǻûߡ
Ǿǣ滳Լˣ
ţ߹ȥš
һΡΣʼû˻ӦǷŵġĵײЩţֵһȻû˻Ӧĵ׵Ľȼࡣ
ǣһź˾䱧ǸҵԿ׿š
Լҵڴ齱ߣ۾ѻ˯˹ȥбףԶһյͲͼСҩƿҩʶ
͵ؾһ£첽߹ȥ
滳ڴŽ˻ѣ滳
ŵomegaŮãӦһ۾ǸϤãȻ˺һźȻֱܾ塣
滳Ǳһһ˫۾̶ٲҹ
ԼľҪʲôһ
ڲŷ֣ﱧŵġǳһֱޱرŵģԭԼס
滳ʣôˣ
滳һʱû˵
ֻһţָ˻еףһû˵
̫ˡһͻһ㡣
֪Ҳ滳
õ˻Ӧ
ǡ
滳飬ɫ׵׵زҰţۿȴͨ졢ɺԵõһģ촽Ŷޱȵľ̡
ĺ۾һԱѹҰ
omegaŮֻǽŻס
˵
ǡˡ


74
ֺ˺һĻУϲ԰ײomegaŮڲˣֻȻżʧԼָ
˼ΪȽǶҧĳݺۣҧúأʱţ΢΢Ѫ㡣
µס
Ϣҩʶ
˫԰׵֣һȼȥջǽǣȻڳݺԱһСǡ
˫֡ҹﻹ֣͸һףؽȴȾƯĺ죬մᣬȵúĴˮһ㡣
ȴڵôҰ׶Ӳﶼ΢΢Ŷ˿ڰ߲
ֻǡһûпס滳ûߣԼ˰磬ͱˡ
ĵӿһֵֺ
Ҫ滳ؽԼصһ˭ҲҲĵطһٲˡ
滳ת˲ţֻػomegaŮĳοûˡûˡûϵˣ¡
滳Ȼ彩Ӳţһ
ôһʣ滳
Բ𡭡
滳ôһ䣬ӵ̫Բ𡣡
ΪʲôҪǸ
ʣ˴ӻзַֿļ˫ĺ۾ȻпԼģĵӰ
ҡš׹·һͻصĲƬ
滳ֻҧ촽ҡҡͷ
ǣָ֣Ƭ촽ЩǿӲؽݵĥ½ѳҧ
Ҫҧ˵ţôĴָֿݣֹ滳ŪԼ飬Ҫҧ
Ĵָ滳ƺݼͻȻȶŵˣٳûٶ
Ĵָûʹݲ԰׽͸΢΢ֿĴ¶ɫ⣬ֻһ˫۾ãȻ˳ӵ
֡ҪӵҲҪ۸һֱ޵顣
͵ײһ¡ʶԼʲô˲䣬һЩŵɿ֡
滳һʪظ֣׽ס½ǡ
ôƬ̣ڿ˿ڣԲ𡭡
˫۾ǺصǸκ𣬼Ҫѹˡ
ǡҲ֪ô¡ˡ滳˵ʱ򣬾͡Ҳ֪Բ𡭡
ֻʣ𣿡
ţָڱ-ĵ촽˲䣬ҪĨȥġɫ˺һ㡣
ǲҰ׵촽΢΢ݣΪĦϸ΢Ѫɫͬĩ֦ͷġӯĲ԰׻һ㣬͸ģ
滳ֻŪԼ촽ҡҡͷ
Ȼ˵Ҫٱһ𣿡
ԵȡҳһҩȻͿԱˡҪҪһΣ
˵ţһ˫ĺ۾һȼĪɣͬȼյһþˡ
ԣֻҪֻҪһΣٱһΣһġҿԽܱǵģʱֻǳˡǡ
ô˵ţ滳ҡҡλεؾҪȥԼҩ䣬ȴȻһǣס󣺡
ܾʶһ㱻ק˻
alphaŮֻǰϡ԰׵ļһҧȥ
滳ҧóʹȴûж㣬ΪǱǵǰϷˣǱֻǣǣС˵ҵȳҩſԱǡ
ô˵ûзſ˼omegaŮҲ۾壬ȥˡ
ֻǣȴеʹӶȴûе
һȻʧϯ塣滳һæ۾ʶԼȻǱˡ
ϥһޱĹơ
ʲôģ顣alphaŮϱðȵģҪߣһ˵ţǡ
滳һӲҰ
ʶߣЩѣ𣿡
ȥҽȻʣȻۣǾͳ緹ȥ飬ǲûг緹ѽ
滳ˡ
ȷʵûС
ʱԾ͵͵ڷҩҲûЧԼȥлҽ￴ġʱ̫⣬˵緹ˣϳԹĶҲµһɶ
Ϊֵᷢġ
ֻǸȱʡǶܹɣһǴomega
ߵűߣճһֻȥŤ֣յĲ滳һӴ˼ѹܵرĲ
alphaŮԼоԾ㴹ͷñǼ⹰ô飿
滳ҡҡͷ
ƱϾ̫ܣڱСһҪòȫĵض§סĲȻԼӵ
ǣ滳̫һԴԣֻĺ˶䡣
ΪԼεüãֻǴĽǶȣպÿõǲڷСü͸εƯ⡣
ţֻѹ
ǵġ롣
ղ˵ǵʱomegaŮֻһȻģ԰׶ƽԼζԴνȴֻΪһĹһֱ쵽⡣
̲סһԼҰ˵ķҲôˡ
£еĵһöñ֮ǰˡ
ëϸϸġϸ־ɣ͸۵ĺɫϴ˵һ˺ҧһڡ
ţ롪ôɰģһ۸˿ô찡
ȷʵ顣˺յĿǣô˵ţ֪ʲô𣿡
滳ҡҡͷʶ˵Բ𡭡
ϡ㷢ԾʱӦýѽ㶼ӦˡalphaŮЦһķȥҽҲãԼڼϢҲãҪ㰡
Ҫһ˶˺Լòãƭè䣬ҪһΣ˵ԼĻ飬ҾҪŶǵ𣬾ŷӣ
ǻǸκӵǣ滳Ȼס壬βŵ˵ͷ
滳ᣬھ˵ѣģ§ڻĸоһֻè䡣е᲻ý˷£ɱϾߵ˲ߣôҲҪŵġ
ֻúЩźԼҰ˵գһظ˵ԼȻͷŴܵеԱߣʼ׼һʺ϶Է͡
滳ſڲߣ
ոǸССǷ·𻹲ڼձߣȺ̲סҪȥһů
롪ôôõˡ
ԼĶ
ܿ촫̵ؼζ滳ſû
룬ԼġĲܱܽǵĻ
*
Щ֡
ż鴲ʱлҽ˵
ѾԹ緹ҽ滳ֻÿͰ͵ڼʻλͣ滳顣
ΪalphaϢش̼ԭˮƽܲȶڽܱǵʱ򣬻ϢعӦһļʧ⡭ʧЧѾֹ۵ĺˡʹʲôıʣ屾Ͳã¸Բ
лҽطǼűѡһԵ˵
Ҳ˵ڱƵʱ䣬ٽalphaϢصĴ̼ʱҲԡ
лҽô˵ңǵʱûʲôͻ״ûʲôɣʱûиеʹ̣
ֳע£滳֪Ϊξе飬Ҳ֪ҵʱʹҩ
ԣлҽüͷŤˣʱ򿪵ҩҲˣ
滳͸ˣϾöҽѣҲֻܵͷ
ôһͷлҽǱߺһû˵滳ΪԷ˼ԼƷһ̧ۣźȻԭֻԼھƬüĿɫϾǡ
лҽʣܺİ𣿡
ںƷһעҪϺͰ
ҡ
滳ʶҪƾܣ˵ԼͿԣȴȻ˫۾ʶ˶ԷڹǺ͵ʲô
ǱomegaϵԱ
лҽڵģԼǷԸءԼalphaǿƿ˱ǡ
Ͼ״ô㣬κǵ˶ʹҩࡢҲҪɱǡ
滳ԼҲ֪ǸǵľֻҪԼߵ²߶ѡ
ֻǣǰҽߵĺ⣬滳ҲЩ޴롣
лҽ֧ŶӵĹƸΪƷǸѡֻ÷ڵ£лҽܵõ㹻нˮλ곤ĻŮʿΪ˶еǣֻΪһλƷ㡢ҽµҽ
Ȼ滳ʵǲóӦİġͼı⣬һʱеЩʴӡĬãǸȥһϢҽһ档
ϵǣлҽԭʶ
áš·ֽȻЩ۾л̣
лҽҲվ
˵ô
ͦõģûʲôˣڷһֹڼʹţЩؿô
лҽĿ֮ת˸ء
ʣǡ
滳һʱ֪λش𣬷߹£ܵǣס֡
ҵİˡ
alphaŮôȻشЦ
̵þˡ̫һçײζڣȶ͸ȾһӸο滳ĵײĿɬ
ȵ滳Ծָ
šԼǵġ
ԣǸ²ⱻƷлҽҲ¶ְο
ãͷͺðˡܵ״֪٣
˵ֻ֪Ǹдġ
Ҳԣˡлҽȡ滳ͬ󣬱㽫Щⱨݸɣ˵ڵ״̫ˣܲȫ޷ǡ
ӹǷݱ棬ʶսomegaŮ֣Ȼͷ
ԣҪָⲿֹܵĻҪһʱҩơлҽ˵ţʱҪٶ̼ٽбǣʱҲڡҲҪɴ̼ΪǻὫƳþ̣Ƴڼ䣬ЩҪϡ
alphaŮӦ֪ˡ
ЩʲôҪʵ𣿡
滳Ҫʵġ
ЩΪǡʲôġ
ʧȥЩܹܵµĽӴ滳ȫҪʧȥ
֪ҲϲЩġϾǸոսӴЩµСʢ޵ľ
ȻֻԵalphaŮƱ棬ȻеءŵɷʣЩƣ𣿡
۵Ļûиº͵Ʒ
ô˵ţ滳̧ЩȥֻõalphaŮͬõ۾
ҶʱνġƳһЩҲԡ˵ţָֻǽֽǲԾĦϸָڣȴҲСĵرܿЩˣçײᣬǡûжõķûϵôϵġ
Улҽ˼Ƭ̣Ļȷʵôִ٣Իøº͵ҩЧԵЩ
ӭεĿ⣬˵̬ܶȿܺЩ롭
ԣৡŤͷȥ顪
۾ģüëȫȫǱ۸֮󡢴ŵ㲻ŵرӹСԴһֱִֺ滳úް취û취Ǹþ˵ߣҲֻܵͷɿڣ˵İͺá
лҽֽϼ£׵õģҽƷעҲᷢһݣʱλһע⡣
ͷã
ֽ˼䣬˱Ҫ뿪ڳ֮ǰ滳ЩءŶʳʡЩܽӴҲ𣿡
ǣǣЩ
˵ţalphaŮǣֻ֣Լ˼ȫ¶һɶԽ˵ԽСҲ̵
԰лҽţҲ
ǵһοԼλⲡƽ顪ÿͬġomegaһԵңԶɽӽΪ۵Щ˽ܵ⣬ϸӵĺΡ
Ҫ׽ֹЩΪֻҪעⲻҪҪǣalphaһҪƺϢأٲֱӴ̼塣
̽ͷͷˣллл̣
ù滳ȴৡغ͸ˣֻߵôۣҪлЩ
лҽǾôǣַ˳
飬ڼʻλ۾飬ҪҪһҵѣ֪ǵĹϵñ¶ˣܿɿģƽңң˵ȥ
滳ڸʻλЩãȻ̧
ȥһǣס֣ҡҡλΣ˫۾òã飿Ҳܸҵ
Ȼõһĵͷ
ٺ٣Ц
¥µȴʱе⡣
룬İôûаȫУһʱû취ǣ϶ѹѹ滳ȥѡ˵ĹϵСȦ湫˵滳΢ðȫһҲ˵
ϵ˹εԼԷԷ˳öԷһԼˡϾε˺ܿɿָô⡣
԰С㡿
ͷӦʹ졣
һֱܺ棬˭㳤ˣܼˡ
ʶ𣿡
ͻʶġ
Цó
֮һ벻ˡ


75
VvvvˣҪŵŶӦһ㡿
ͣˣóһϢ
Ҫܿƺܿơ
ǧŵ
ǱߵĻظ÷ɿ졣
VС㣬һͣһܱųʲô
V˵ô
һָı
VôùʦͷԵССĶƯСʻؼѽ
ѽǡ
û̫һ£æֽ͡
˵ģVʱһ΢Ƶ㡿
㲻ϲ߷һʲôġ
ǰ컹ҪָԼζùεǱ߹÷ɿ죬ϢҲص
Vһܰ˼ţС㣬ұ˺
Vڣзִ磬Ůֲǲ
ǰ˸лȥεһըemoji
ðɡ
εЦֻŵջֻȥڸʻͷڱ˯omegaŮ
滳ǲ
ǣʱܾãԼİҲǲһ
Ϊһ綼ȽšԼһ룬ڲ̵ĳ滳Ѿ˯˹ȥ΢ü仹ǳǳƣ
ĺðףֻ촽ȾһʪĵɫմˮĻһվǽ͸һĲ԰ɫ
ȥ滳ľͺһƯĲҡҡ׹͸
ţһҪȥգȴҲֻͣסֻ֡ڿزĴꡣ
滳ӰˣԼ岻áƽҪΪһ鷳գòܹʵڲ̽Լεʱ仹һʱ䣬˯һ
ǻûӣ滳ڴֻȴˡһ
ҲˣǱֻܵ鿴ϢȻ˼ƬظһĻ˫Ⱦĺ۾
Щµģȫ޽䱸ٲ˸ոհ칫ʱģãȻֻ˯кȻѵè
̫ɰˡ
̲סǰȥĴһڡ
飬ҧҧƬÿɰѽ
滳еãȻ׵ʶɿ˽յĴݣȴŽһǡ
һһεȥֱԼҰһǳﱻ׵塢ո糺죬ֻǾ½ǵȴӴźȻͣ
滳õȲЩίؽУ
ѽ
ЦһıǼ⣬Ȼȥֻȵ˼ʻλϡ
лҽ˵ˣйȵĽӴȻܵġ
omegaŮ巢׵۾ˣȻ˫۾ʪǣãʶĲٸܡ
ҧ촽ίؽˣǹġ
alphaŮЦ
ûѽ˵ҽ
滳ȻȥԷļ򡪡һӽס֣Ҳǣҧһڡ
Цĺÿɰ顣
ɰ˺ٶ۸һ㡣
滳ҧġСһָĥƵģŲȥ滳ѣɴ࿿ظʻˡ
ͲȥſЦ߰ɣ飿
*
˽˹ݣĸ䡣
alphaŮڲһͷΪůһ磬ž컵ڼͷʰ豭ʪ촽ǴŵЦİС
ε
ĻһѷϢǵ

˵Ҫ
ǡεЩεǣǣǡ
ˡҪԤһ¡
ôģ˵ôأ治֪Լ׹˸ʲô˻
ǸСССľͻomegaŮǸһçײĴС㣿Ľ㡪
Ͼصйܸ̣εɤȻ¶Լƽ׽˵΢ЦȻ˸áȥ
ǽŶ
Ǳ߷ɿص
ĽŶ
εüأϽġ
ֹ˼ӣܿŰֱµ
̲סǸͼһͷԵС㣬ڰβͽһƯֽĻ
εҡҡͷЦ
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ǣֵӰǰ
εεҡҡ֣ƽһʵЦ
˵תԼİ˽ܣǹεҴӸӦüģôףʵ˺ܿɿġεŮѡ
˵е㺦ߣԼ˽ŵֽ˽
֪϶ʶεε˵źȻԼһֱûжЩͷôôҰ
εŲ豭ֳ׽ԭء
ޱ𾪵ȿٿվһԵ滳Ȼ󿴿˽ŵġʮָ۵֡
Ȼתһ顣
Լ滳˽ŵ֡
ͷˣε
εգգ۾ǰһ˿ûиı䡣
滳վܽؿڣá
ǿˡˡ
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豭ϡॡһ
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εе㲻ȷţôˣ
εȻţˡݡһҲû˵
޷Ǹ滳ԼСŮϵһ
ʲôһ㣬ҪŵʲôѹʲôǵһԼɲǣ֡Ϊһ׽ʾ֭ģ
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ʵҵԴ¡
ʲôçײСջһ使޵ĻǶ䡣
ǡͷԵСλؼһͷݵҰǣԼȴȻֻǵظ˼ëΪ˵СѶæתβҡ÷ɿ죬
޴𽥴Ժȥε̻عζ
Ҿ˵˭Ҳƽ㡣
һ䣬ˮûչʱ̧ʪ֡ȥա
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üȴЩֻͬЩģ˵ô˵ֲ¡ʲôģ֡
ԲԲ𣬡εæֱʾͶ˵ʱûע⡣ȷʵáҿǱֽЩ˴Ⱦˡ
˵ȦЩalphaм˽ҡĽġ
ҾҲǡ˵ձһƬţӦúЩ˱ֵ룬Ȼʱ˼СҲ㡭
ӴģεӿڣЩŵشȤŮѵˣ˵һˡС㰡㻹ǲǵϴྭô˵㣬㻹ұԹšʿա
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ǽ滳վǼмϡ
æģźʣʾεȹ½ȻʪĲգĻԻһ£ҵȥ
εӹɨһۣոµ¿ʽҲķװƣֱûоܾɡ
ȻǸСܡ
ǿһ㶼졣û滳֪ĳϲӣȻԷ֪
ƫƫԴ˿ûиоֻǵشչȥȥǣ˼ҵ֣Ȼʮָۡ
ۣ飬۾գգͣô
εͷ۵·ȥˡûʱСԧѾˣһģȻֻɨһ۾֪϶ӵʮָۡ
Ȼ滳ƺ￴ʲô˴Ų鲻Ը֡
ЩµİӿܱóֻΪıʵԼˣίͰ͵ģͲѰֽдˡ
εֱǣţͱüȥˡ
ʵǲ⿴Լǰ״һͷۡ
ǣԼ˲裬ʩʩȻȴŶԷڡ
滳ƺ֪ôת˸أղſѡһ
ž˵
εΪǸƺüЦܲô
滳ǿûˡ
Ȼֱȴ
šüһӲ֮е֣ǻӻֲУſڡ
ǣôalphaŮ˵


76
ѽô廰ȥˡ
쳤֣ӹεǸ豭Ǹڵ΢Цӣ˵˵øЦġ
㣬飬ʲôžѽҽεε˽ε㣬߽ϹСţС˵ţգգԲԲ۾ЦԵİˣЩǿӲȥǣԷ֣òã飿ô
滳˵ͷָ飬ֻûж㣺š
״εڶ̧۾
ˣڰ֣ĿɡҲ
ԣalphaŮе㲻˼ЦЦ滳Ķȫ͸ˡ
εԼıһۣƿߣһţ档
һٷҲͬεŶ氲ġŪչˣΪ֫Ӵ̫ڵغŶŮе㲻Լ۾
ദģʽ͹εеʵ̫ˡ
ϾԷǸСܰ
ԼôһçײıҲúܺ滳Ҫһ㡣ȻalphaɣƺֻҲûʲôӰ졣
ΪЩС˵ܲõ滳ΪͽһԼıѳԵģС˵ؿߣֱĽֳݵ
ȻҲȷǳԵģȴп˵ȫϱߡεԽԽãȻ룬ദģʽǡǳ׷
УСչ˵δҲ̫΢һ㡣
ӵˡʢǰֵʱ滳Ƿëůˣ˼һů͵ģͲûιȥεһҲ˽ôСʳһιιģ˵뿴
ֻǡ֮ǰûмôضԴһˡ
֮ǰ˵ԼƣεȻ֪ģֻǿḻǷνİٻǴЩСӵֺ¶øУǶһĳݺ
ֻǣʱ˫۾ﺬŵġȾЦ⣬һΣƺȷĶˡ
ȻԼģ滳Ҳ٣Ҳͦõġ
˵ˡε͵͵롣Сϳ˸⣬ҲûٺƭġǸСƭĸʲôأ
ôһٷȵֱʱȥϴּʰֻʣ˵ʱ滳źȻ֮ǰ˾¡
ǸεŹε鰲ǸΣ˵Բ𡣡
˵֮ǰչε׵ҵ¡
ˡԣεڰ֣죬Ұˣһ֪˲УԴӻ˾֮󣬻ʲôʲôĸǺޣǺ޵ù𡣡
˵ˣڲˣ趥ϣҿҲͦõġ
˵ţվԼո¶°ڣ̧ͷЦЦûҪǺúһͦõġ۸С㰡
ϴֻһ仰
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ʵֻмƣ쪵ش֦ͷ¡Ҳá
еϧػصϣġӲӵ⣬Ȼ⡣
飡ЦȥʻλϵomegaŮϿ϶磬ûƣǻؼȥ¥ǰɣϻԺ¶տôô
ճ극
ֻǿô²ӣ滳һʱٻعʱȻѵͷ˷ܵ˳ӣȥɹտʳġ
˵ֻȥտȴĸڴںϡ滳ֱλҲԻշȡٳʲȥΡ
Ϊڸոյ̳һֱҶ
λƫ̳տյģ˿Ҳйʱһֱ͵͵ǣ֣ǰЩŹﳵǣܿտʳģתʳ
Ŀ滳Żʳ񣬺Ȼܵи¶ȲաһعͿһֻССĹżڳЦ
飬㿴ԱߵСèżҲָ滳ܵذһ𣬡㡣ҡ
滳˵ɡ
ΪȻЦɰѽ
ɡ
滳롣û˵ȴȻʶalphaŮͷЦЦżֻԽԽ
ֻ滳ļ򣬶Ǹպö˵ĸߴܺһƬͶµӰټֻˣûκ˻ᷢ֡
Լ
滳Ǹһͷ
֪ĵǸͽڴֻ۾ȴȵǽ١
滳ͨͨصãգȴҲֻȵһĴ˴ߡ
ЩãȻۡ
ߵģֻֻССĹż
ֻżĴһ£Цһ˫۾Сһǲöʵ档
ô飿滳Щ⣬ԵؿʣҪչոΪʲô۾ѽ۾Ұ㿴
滳˵öӵط
֪alphaŮǹġȷʵֻڵش֣Լˣһʱ־ȣûԼΪҲֻҧҧ촽ˡ
ô顣ʣôѽ
滳һ£alphaŮżίͰ͵زˡ
ôһֱ˳ϣǲ֪ô˵ӡֿѷŵĹɴ쳤ֻ֣ë޵Сż
㣬顣Ц
Ҳû
滳߲ӹalphaŮ󡢱촽һǱ̵һѸƿۡ
Щί룬ǡҲҪż
Ҫ
ͨͨ÷ɿ죬ЩøоҪһƵ滳ǻܲܡԼ̵ա
Ȼ˿ûʶЩ߰С˼ֻǺܿʵͷǾ
滳ƵرֻСӦһš
ȻԼҪëߣȻֻë޵СƽȵĳУǺܿǳߡ
˯УƺӹѾõȣȻֻһ˲ݵͬһƬƶӹƽ棬ȴںͣ
촽ļįڵõһ㣬滳ûü۾㳹׵س˺˯εС


77
滳Ҳ֪ô£ֻ˯øⰲȡ
ֻһΰСʱͷĳ̣ȴȫ˯ˣڸʻһΡ
ֻǣǸβá
ʱһμ䣬й͹˼С
дѵһʱ䡣滳ֻʮ꣬һָֻ꣬պõŮɬʱ򣬱Сʱ򳤿ЩȴЩӵ
ǸƯomgea۶ˡ
Щalphaϲ͡滳Ϊ˶е־塣
ûг꣬ȻɽΪomegaŮѾˡ
ÿһѧУ滳Ҫ뷽跨ڸԼĵڶԱңҪΪɽʱͬһݰװʱͳȥζһԼ˲εĲ̶񾭡
Ϊ滳̫Լĸ㣬ɷ򴺷缸ȵomegaСģأ滳ӾԴԼÿһˡⷽı£滳֪ġ
֪ǻıʲôֻҪ̤һһٲԨ
滳ʱûһȨʹǿԱѾȥȫľ·վ±ߣޱȴҡҡ׹ʱ˼Сˡ
Ƕʱ˼СᶺʱԼץ滳֣ǣܣڹͻȻ滳Ūߵһ仰Ҳ˵
ʱ־ܾ滳ȥǣԼ滳ʱֻᱻһԲض㿪һ۶ֻԼȥ̸֣滳ܻܾúܾá
Ǹʱ滳ԼǲԸԼĹϵ¶ǰ˲Ҫװ졣
ֱ죬˼Сģ˵Ǹ滳͸ˣַ⽨ΪԼʲô˲ĶͷҲԸҪǡ˭Ըһ𰡡ʱ򶼾öġ
˼Сô˵ûʧӣֻΪһС¾Ҫôãôͦ˼ġ
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ûкȣҲûֻǸӰţȻҲˡ
滳εģƬ䳹ǵĺڰ
ںڰãֱڶİս٣ʦӷȳ滳䡢ȥϿΣԹ˼Сǣ˦ΪγܻȥȻһ˼ա
Ȼȴûбá
һޱůȻڿյĸо滳Ժ۾ֻalphaŮС°̫ͣ±յûۡ
еģûĺڰֻʶ§˶ԷĲ
顣Ц°ͲķҪҪ˯һ
ůڵģ滳һʱҪԼȥﶼˣֻʶ𣺡š
Ǿ˯ɡû顣èһҪ˯ʮĸСʱء
滳죺Ųǡ
ҲŲè
滳˵û˵ֳ˻˯εС
Ϊ̫ҫۣһصûбǸСĴˡ
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СëñӹظëųһšԼСȵɹ̫ůְġ
ʱ滳˺һŷӦԼںδ
Ƿӵĺ԰ҡҡλεϣϸһű̺صذѵʱ̳ëżҲֱߡ
ë޵ĴУӦþԾڲԼëСɡ
żյʮů滳ָůڵëĦţٳٵΪԼɵľٶ˶䡣
С԰ƺĿյϣѾտ֧ˣ翾ģ´ʳģͷ
飡ע⵽ĶalphaŮ̧ͷѾڶҮ
ɵЦ
滳һۣû˵
alphaŮֻеءȻɵЦ
Ǽˣͷ̵ë޵ģеСë滳ɺϣһٴ
ǻȥϴ֣߹ȥһŪҪõʳġ
İƷӶ࣬һӣҲϴõģҪһཷҵĲ״һ֮⣬ֻеһˡ
alphaŮ׮§ýֻԼмĶؼرóԣұ˶ᣬһҪ滳ա
顣˵úЩԵررóԡ
滳˫ԲԲСƵ۾ֳֵҲֻеεصͷ
̵ʰཷͿͷڵԱߣڵۣССضȻٽһ׼СǸšüͷģֱͲøСձˡ
滳ǸģֻúÿɰԼ˵㻵ۣɴͷĶעⲻķĴչȥ
ȻͻȻۡһ
ȻһذһһͰеķ۶˵
顪
תֻ滳Ϊɹ΢΢𡢴ŵĺ۾
Լ޹̧̧üë΢΢۾ʪĿԵô֪ΪʲôҪԼ۾
ֻ֮²ؼè
飡
Բ۾մŵûֱӶûбãɴһ̧֣ϵķ۲ϡ
ճ崥մϣ滳еûӦ˫۾գգãȻסˡ
ʲôʶ֣ſָ͸Ľɫۣ
µʵرɰĵ׶ʱһƬǱչȥȥԷָϵǵۡ
ѽ飬˵ҪȻҲˡ
滳еãȻءʶͷá
alphaŮͷЦȻһĨȵڼձߡ
滳Ӧ˺һʶ촽
һ㡢̵ϲŵķۣȵĺߡ
ôϸרעֻȥǵֱۣƷԼζһ
ĵ׺Ȼð뷨滳һ㸡Ⱦȡ
û촽Ŷ⡢Ųƺ⣬еçײĻＸҪ塣
ڣǸɾзۣȻȥӵ
顣еЦ滳۾û
滳ֻվ
촽úú죬ΪոյǶ˵ʪɫŻմŵ㾧Өķۣһġ
ϵȶյߡ
롢
֣ġalphaŮţֻܹڶԷǡ
Ϊʲôأ
ӯȵǿҪȼͷĵӯ滳Ǹ½ǣ˿ڡ
Сʣɲԡ


78
ɲԡ
滳Խ˵ԽᣬԼ̵÷գȥ˫õ۾
գҲֻalphaŮ½ǣЩģطʣ
Ǹ𣿡
alphaŮ˫촽Өǲݮһɫޣʪ󣬺ֻҪţܹ˿˿⡣
ţ滳ʶ򴽣Լ촽Ҳʪڴ֮ġ
Ȼֻͷؿ
滳øˣ
״Ȼص˵ͷð
滳ûü۾ͼҨһС׷ۣʾšӵ滳
滳еûӦֻǱܵſ죬С׺סˡ
ڴݼŨζalphaŮûӣЦ
ǲǺ𣬴飿Цõֿʣ볢𣿡
滳Ƭ̣һӺ˶䡣
ɡֻ˵ţСѣʺѧһݾƣ飬Ūϣ㳢òá̫̫ɹ飬ôô졭
ڴյ滳Ŷ䣬Щѵǡ
ʵ̫Сˣһʱû壺ʲô
滳ֻǱҡҡͷȻ󲻽ˡ
飿alphaŮƺеͷԣֿغ죬׷ʣô飬˵̫ˣ㲻ϲȥҵˮŶһ㡭
䣬ͱһǣסڡ
ѯʵתֻomegaŮվɫЩίذԼֻҡҡͷ
Ҫȥ滳ô˵ȥ
alphaŮЩͷ
ðɡ
룬ôӦȻ֣èķĳҲȥ顣㲻Ҫ˵Ŷ
գ滳£ҡҡλεͷԼһ
ҧҧ촽Щί룬Ϊʲôǲأ
ڽε֮ǰҲǹġ
滳Լķβ˰Σĵ׿ίȻ뵽
alphaŮļôáôɰ˧Ըôʶᣬǹһ˿
Ҫ׷˭ǲʧܵġ
ԡǲҲ˽ҲͬЩ˽ǹ
ݸЩǣ֡ӵСʱģֻеɬɬָоؿӡ
ԼûС
ţ滳ԼЩί̧ߡȥ԰һĻĴܲ
Ѿ׼ˣ˿֪ʲô߰Ķע⵽̧߱ͷǲõЦ
飡еŵ͵ô
Цݡ
֣˸û취ܾЦݡ
žЦݡ֮ǰŮѱͰİɡ
滳ԽԽίֻ˶Էһ۾ԼͷһãȻվԭأ֪ԼôǵԼҵè䡣
滳ֻ롪ȻйǵľĻ
˵ǾԼûȤǹ˵û˼һŲԸԼġ
滳ٳʶ
֮ǰÿνǵʱֵú׾ӣôҪѧϰɡҲԵñ׾ʽҲȤ
Ϊйڴ˵ΣǺȻ˼С̸ԼʱЩ
˵Լġ֡⽨Уʱͷ
лҽڽֹǷһĹϵ岢
Ҳ𣿾ԼûȤܽӴ̫أϵҲˣʲôҲٲܸ
ûбǣҲ޷ǡĻʱͿ뿪Ҫ໨κһ㾫

뵽滳˱۾ƴѹĵɬʹУֻѸһ׷ȻֻʼѰԼҪϢ
úһ㡣Լ
ҪߣҪһֱһֱȣȻһие롣
ҲֻҪôġءֹͷֻҪҲѧЩ֮ļɣͻԸأ
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ΪһֱԼļƻԼѧЩļɣ滳ʱЩʳ֪ζ
еʳΪԼߵʶҪӿalphaŮ˫ɾ۾ȴǿԼƿĿ⣬ֻǱֳƽ
ӡ
滳ԼͽǶӶѡҪԶЩࡣ
ݼĺܲҲȷʵһûзֻǿĵһտտݵϵտ㷹֮ҪԼʰܣ̵֡
滳Ҫ¸ոѧļɣҲûƴǡ
ͷͬˣԼڳ׼ҪõԭϣȻž˸¥رϥںڰȴ
Ӧǲġ
÷ɿ죬滳ͷϥֻοԼ
ѧĲãϲٴҲеᡣԲµġ
Ϊ¥̫̫ˣ滳ڵͰĴϣÿҪ
֪ȴ˶ãʰõ翾ܵҲ٣ƿ˸¥š
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šৡһ¥Ҳ͵ĺڰشˣǹ
ǵҹգЦãȻرࡣ
滳ص˵ͷȥǣ䡣alphaŮ˳ڴЩ󣺡飬ô
滳ֱֻ׵ʣҪ𣿡
alphaŮգգ۾Щ⣬㶲Ŵ𣺡á
滳ȥԼ׼õĲϡϸϸԼҧһСʡ
ȻomegaŮ˿ڱƣڿȥ˫մĺ촽
ʶסŨҵľƾζڴ硣
ģŵ̺⣬ȴɢȵĴݼ䣬ȽӵĴд̼񾭡
滳ǵǿӲɬȴǿƵһҪռλãԼѾҪˡеļ򶶵ҲֹͣǣҲ¡
ǵǿƣȻȴˡһǣվûг׶ȥ
еֻסomegaŮᵫǿӲжǡ
滳ȥһ㣬Լ
֣ոյĳƺû
ΪomegaŮûкΣֻǲ԰׵ģڻ谵ĸ¥һȥ͸ģ
Щ֣Ҫǲ԰ݵա
ҡĺ
滳¿Ҫһϣֻš
ﻹźȵЩƣ˵ͬɵ
˫۾֪ΪΪոǸǣʪӳ̶Сˮʡ΢΢ȴҲҡҡ׹һͻˤһ㡣
ִ滳գomegaŮֻǰƫƫͷ֡
Ȼġ
ƵζŨҡ
滳۾ǣǣǣȻ
һᡢһúܺõġ
žƾζġУţڴݵ
һõġҪҡ


79
ҡһúܺõġ
滳ôţӵԼˣŨȵζǵøԽǡüٶңء
ȻΪûбֳڴе鶯Ӧûл滳ԽӲֱҲûȥ
Щ׾ӵжǣ촽ʪšմľɫȻȴɫҰףͶ·ֳƿ𲱾˼ڣȻʣľҺ㵹ԼĲ֮䡣
͸ľҺεδǻ¡
滳ôʪܵعalphaŮǰ棬ǣȥԼ塣

ţĲϱҺ͸Ƥϣϸµ࣬͸һ㼡԰׵ɫĳҲʪԵôˡ֪ǲΪ⣬ۿˡ
ȻomegaŮôͦظͼչԼȴľƽһֱֻǱʪĿè
Ǹ˵һ롣
ϲ
ǣˣalphaŮֻƺûбջ󵽡
滳ƴѰԼԺ֪ʶ;飬Ȼһֵ𣺡ˣǣǱǰɣ
۾һӱˣԵģûϵġڲҲûϵɣϴʱ㻹ϲ
Ȼת滳ֻʶһٻعʱŷԼȻ˴ϡ
alphaŮݽߣҲޱȵȣȵ滳ԼҪڻ
Ҫ
ûгԹֹҩǵĻһۺۺۡĵԱͼʴ滳ޱȵҰƾ߻
ɡ滳Լ
ϲЩġܸġԷģҲֻôࡣ
ЦЦalphaŮԼΰ£ֻ֡Լڣȡ˳ģ
ܸ¥ĺڰóǣǹľƾյøȣ滳ûʶԼΪ¶
滳ֻ룺ɣ
ǣalphaŮ
ĴߣһҪȥԼӵеһС滳ر۾
Ȼ󱻡ء촽ҧһڡ
ȵ컶ȫɢ
滳ʹءһ۾ãȻϵalphaŮ
˵ʲôѽ顣ҧ˵Сֻ˵ţֱ壬ֽ滳ɢϸϸãģôҽлҽǽ˵ء
ǡ滳ȥǣ󣬡ҡ
alphaŮָҧһڣͷζĥĥ
Ȼ֣ḧ˸ԼãȻίİĳ
飬alphaŮ˵еΣȥϴɣ
滳Σˣϴ裿
ǰ顣ƺ֪ʲôϴѽôƣҪСèˡ
⻰˵꣬omegaŮһȻίغۿ
ΪЧľƾ촽ҲʪɫմȾ⣬۾Ҳίغš
˶Ⱦӵĺ죬ڲ԰͸ļ䣬ֻһֻ͸Ĳݮ󸣣࣬˺ҧһڡø߸졣
ոɫҰסֻۿͨһƬһͻӣÿɰôҡҡ׹Ĳˡ
ࡰͨײһ£÷ɿ졣
лҽ˵Щ滳ԼԲܡ㲻ϧԼ壬ȴöԷˡ
¥ﶼŨľζһʱŲԼ˵Ϣؾûʧء
̺ӰʪܵomegaŮȻָ滳ͨıǼЦţٺ٣Ǵè
滳ȻֻԼŤţˡ
Ҳˣ͸ɹȥǸԲ顭㲻ȥϴ
滳Ƶذͷ
ΪͨͨĶڳֻ¶һ㣬Ϊ΢΢˶ɰֺЦ
֣ǸССĺ⡣İ˷Ӧܴ嶼һ£ֻǾͷԼȥ
ȥϴĻҪʲôѽŪǸССĶ⣬ˣҪʲô͸ңòã
ſȥ˲omegaŮʪļ򣬡飬ҪʲôԣҶ㣬òѽ
仰ƺеЧ
omegaŮŤż㿪ĶͣˣֻеɵСʣʲôԣ
ͷʲôԡ
ǡɣ
СalphaŮ񶨵Ȼ˿ûƷԼ˵Ļ飬˵Ĳԣ顣
滳еίص˵ġ
ſϣȥŪomegaŮգһأ飬㻹ûʲôҪѽ
ȰգŶСʳնèԼѾ֪ʲôˣֻǹⲻ˵ף滳Լڡ
ǡ滳Ի˵ڡ
ޱȷңֱƾЩ԰׵ļʵһĻ𡣱ָλ̵Ҫһ㡣
ȻalphaŮ˿֪Ϊʲô߳ܣֻǼգѭѭա
ţ滳Сغţȥ§ļ򡢴յ滳ǰԲ۾Ҫʲôѽ
̫̫ˣȵ滳ĴԼһͻڻ
һᣬı۾alphaŮգȻȥ
Ạ̊́ܶȴʪһ㣬մʵ΢ζ滳ȥǣͼЩµ촽һֱļį
滳ɿ֣Լͷﲻˡ
alphaŮЦŪյͨ
һֱѽ顣
ֻЦȻףɾȻ󡰰һڡ
ȵһΣҪǵʱ򣬾ңòã˼˵ĻֱҲѽ
һֵɬӿϱǻ滳еίؽͷֻܿһֱĲֵ֡
Сָ𣺡춼ҡ
滳ԼûʶԼģֻʵģޱԼ㶣һЦ
ԼʶŽİˣĵò񻰣ֻԼ඼Ҫһĺ
Բ顣ϴȥǣԷ֣ҪҵģеͷˡԲŶ
omegaŮͲ˵һûз֡
ǣɹֻݶսԼġ
Цǣ飬һȥϴɣ
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alphaŮеϴ裬ľֻǳϴѡ
滳С̺ӱԡױߣЩƵشԡˮ𣬾ܾԼԴ˸еϧ
ֻǣƺѾⲻˣȻˮȵӡɢĳȴû·Ĵ㣬ֻصˮˮ£Ȼõļԡݸ滳ѡ
飬Ц۾䣬еɵģϲĸѽһ
Щԡúܾ£ɫͷ׵ؽ֯ţм򵥵ĻͣҲģģ滹ſͨС
ЩСżĲɫСϣɷнµܣɫȽǳ˵ݳСأ飬ҪҪһ
˭ҪֺСϴ߰
ô룬ȴǴѡСϵɫ򡣶ģͷǹСһ顣
ɡ
滳΢΢ͷֻøЩ
ԡͶˮУɫԡοܿ췺ǳɫ˿һȥ㻻ɣ飬Ҳȥת
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ΪֻǹǸǡֻΪԼ׽Ū滳˶ѡ
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У֮Ȼ෴ģǵĸ¥УǸ·𱻴ʪܡҰ͸Ů

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ŵʱÿһιʱ滳ţӲòˣαסĲҡ
Ȼ˯εеȴ̹ϡֻޱؿalphaŮ鰲ġͷűߣоõԼڼ٣ܿƵغײ
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ŵڴһ£ǸܵԴ˯еomegaŮʶķ˲䣬ιס䡣
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滳յ۾ֻվլ󿪵ǰɫƽޱȾɵ԰֡
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Ϊʱ̣ǿӲȴȻȥˣӿ壬Ȼ滳ԺпտյġʲôҲ벻ֻһƬհ׵ȥҪǡ

ȥȴֻõһͷͷİalphaŮҲǵȴֻЦ͵ǿӲزڼǡ
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滳ֻ֪ܣֻ֪ԼԴεʲôҲ벻ֻҪ˸еĥĿȱ
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ǣôªôȫޣalphaŮȴ˵Ļ
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82
ܲ߿յĻҡ
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ⶭЩô֪ģ
λϵ滳ӣʡ
Ѿֶͨβʵô
ҡֻͨĻȻڵһ˲䣬ʱ̸ǳӦĶ¼һ亹ҡ
˫ƽĺ۾ţһʱ˵ˡ
ڴ£滳δٶ˵ʲôֻΪ˲Լ̬һ㣬˵仰
ȻյͶƱУǵɵĺõ34ĹɷݣһƱȨ˰ľ顣
뿪ʱЩµŻô㤶ʧǡ
ֻ滳ôĹɷݣܾλϣĹ˾ȫϵһ֮ϡ
˶֪ģϵļ̳ˣδȨߣɽĿ϶˳ؾܹõۺޱȵһС
ôҪԼĵĸأ
ҲᵽӴεȻϾˣҲҪˡ
һٱ濴սζʵʵʤԭֻΪӦĺ´ĵ׶е׽ֻΪһֱǸнҲܽĹ
滳Щͷ۵̧üġ
ʲôô
ڸ˵˴룬ڴֻȻһֻ𶯵ޱƣ滳һܵشȥ鿴ֻϵ֡

һŵǸȥ鿴˽Ϣ
ġalphaŮԼҪڹ˾¥¼棬Ȼȥ˭İ칫Ҵһ硣
飡
һͷֻõ˦βȥСë
ҵѽ㣬һҪԹŶ
˵ܿһͰ͡ŻСͷС˫Բ۾ֱ滳ҪǰԼʧԼ
Ųɱɵ׼ʱˡ
ôţ滳ָ΢ܿóһظˡ
֪ˡ
Ȼ󰴳һģ˵ر񡪡һֻĳëСèǰצһɹİĵĶͼ
˵ȥˡ
ôظ꣬滳̧ͷŷԼԵƺЩ̫ˡ
Ǹǣڵʱˣҡ
¿Ȼʣ̸ˣ
滳һʱ죬ͣסȻûκԼ
ķӦҲЩ⣬æ֡
ûûУҿЦģæ˵ǿͦõģƽʱôһͦĵģƽʱҲġ
ô
滳ЩɣֻʶҪȥƳ棬ȥԼ顣
¼״ֻЦЦ
ҪʲôҼѰѹءϾҲɡ
ȷʵСʱ΢е㽻ġ
滳صլʱ¾Ѿˣֻ˻ȡԼĶʱһΣʱҵ滳ǱǶʱ䡣
ڻ԰Ȼ̫ô£ȴǳΪָ·滳ҵ·һΰ衣
Ϊ滳ûõĲˡ
ˣ滳Щİ⵱Ӧá
˺ºalphaŮȻѾ¥µȺˣЦսҪ͸ʻ׽һ£滳ǰա
ģպȣƶһϡ
飬ǶССţǺŶϹ˾
滳ûлػֻ۾ʶ˲䣬ԼƸ
ֿԺЦؿԲ۾ģ滳ͱȥ
顪
omegaŮС죺һֱ۸ҡ
˵ǸǣǸӶһֱĳǡ
һֱֻʾıԵȥж֮ǣ滳Ǳյλ硢½Ҳϼ
滳۸ûģ۾ڶеףalphaŮ˼۾ƽسڶ»С
ѽԣҲеЦս۾Ҵ顣
滳غһȻ󱻡һ촽
Щŵֻ̧ۣζalphaŮЦ
Ϊĺܿɰ顣תӣ׼ȥ
滳ϵϰȫȥ㹫˾𡣡
˵ţһЩҪҪ칫Ҵһ
ƽִ䵭ٲȻǸܵСˡ
ЩɥӦһŶ
Ϊǿһȥء
һȻûʲôãΨõľֻһ滳ûʲôˣֻʣ¹ද¶´ʲôܵľٶˡ
ͷɥصͷšԿף׼ʻͣλ
ӣomegaŮȴЩСءһա
ûµģ
Լ˵
Ͱ磬һᾡġ
alphaŮԲ۾ԼȺ˶⣬С˵
ճ̰šȵ°࣬ȥԼɣ


83
°ࡢԼᡢ°ࡢԼᡫ
ͷԺתתǲʺɫһײײȥȥӿʱĽŲȸԾģֻԼҰʱͨƯ⡣
⻹滳һҪԼء
ô˵ԴǽʽԼҲûмΡ
Ÿ˷ݵĿȣԼĽͽ͵ˣָ滳Ƿݰ˽ǵţ̼õķݿȣСػֻϾרҵģǿèèͷŤŤ˰һ״
󿧷ȵʱԺ߸裬ҲԣֻǵҪ칫ҵʱͲٷָԵˡСƿȻԼڱʼǱԵУ۾ĻһԵֽ飬ָ÷ɿ졣
İڶԷǱƵ滳ǰԼԼϰŵˡ
ʵ滳رЩֻԼ˼էһ滳Ҫ̰ȥ棬еԼ˴˵ĸо
أεװĵ滳ԼıʼǱǣ꣬ȹӵĵԳƮƮϸźΣֻ滳Ļ
Ȼ滳Žָ̧꣬룬ֻƽ˵
ǷְɣҪ͹ˡ
ʱˡ
ƹֵΣ̲ס졢Լеȥ
ʼǱһŶԽomegaŮԺЩ߰ͷȻֻ԰봹һѶѹһ˿΢üƺΪʲôרע˼š
ΪҪԼʵ̫ãЩҸ·ϰʯһɶѳɶѵļжûԭôĿˡɵЦһȥԼˡ
滳˫ڼϷɿŵôݡôףǽڷϸ޳ûװεָǵǳۺɫʱ򸡺պ񡣸ɾƯ
ֻȱһʲô
ȱʲôأ
ͷЩüë
ԼҰ˵ֿ˺þãֱ滳Щڡָ̧ڻȻ
֪ȱʲôˣ
ָ
е滳ԼʼǱԵ˫ɶԵ¶Խ䣬߸ɴǽᡭʱģָֽ
ţ̲סԼ˵ͷ
ԣӦҪһöָġ
պãвһµʱ䣬Ҫˡ˵ԡ
ô˼ţalphaŮȻע⵽Է˫ĺ۾ͶѯĿ⣬ҡҡͷЦû£顣ææǲǴ
ԷֻҡҡͷͶ˵Ļϡ
ʵ滳ûһڹʵͨƶһԼƻ̵лѰר˽ͰȻֱֻõһʡԺźһʺš
ʵѾԼصʱ䣬˵ǲһҪϸģȻ滳ʵǺܽšһýȥշӽ˽ҪʼԼƻȱ΢ظоһ㡣
̲סȥ롪
ϲ
ǻúƽӹȤ˿ܹȸԾڴ
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ʲô
滳ݻĲ壬ֻȻ̲סҪЦ
гһ߷ܱʼalphaŮ

alphaŮ̧գգ۾ţ
ʲôѽʣϵġǣţ𣿡
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪڿϻѡ
ϸ룬Ҳǽʲô彨
ԺЩŵصɴ۾
飡ܻèѽʲôѡ
è
滳һӱøˣֻšüͷȥһĻͼҳһ˿Ӧè޹
͹ǴΪȵ̫飡ڿȶˣˣŻġ
ҪСƢȻӦѸϴŶԣģʵںܿɰ滳̲סЦȻֱalphaŮصһۣ
飡
ʵ̫ɰˡ
滳ǱЦͷĽǺͿ־ֵزɣһʱֻʣ졣
ţòãҲûʲôɣ
ĵ׸һͷ
ֻҪһ𣬻һС𽥱ðɣ
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ԼһվǵӰԺ
һж滳ȫȨźִУȥ׻ʱԼȥȡƱסˡ
УomegaŮ֣۾ؿһ㲻֣ȥ
ˣֻһԵĳߣŶԷһͰ׻һֱֻϣȻߵƱصߡ
滳ֻǽ׻ͿԼƱǣҪʼƱķӳ
ȵȵȣЩرǣ䣬飬ǿʲôѽһ֪ء
滳ĽŲһ١
ȻؿomegaŮ˶ɥˣֻβ͵è
λ֣飿
Ӧġô˵Щյüеǳ˹ԺĻˣԣдʱˡ뿴ʲôٶһµģȴʱĻͲñüƻbĵڶΡ
顢飬æӴѽҾһ䡪ʲôƻaƻbģǽȥɡ
еĳһӴˣ滳ƵӦһ䣺š
ΪǹյĹϵӰԺ˲ֻ̫࣬ǰż£ڵһŶǿյġº滳˿ʲôشһ㡣
ãӳҺȥܿ㴫ĸŮӵĶףҲʵɫ
Ƭʶ
һӰƬʵڲǺܸȤֺԵ˻᲻ϲ͵ӰƬǱĵתȥԵˡ
ϣ滳Ȼûڿġ
ֻпУԴ֪˼ʲô⡣
͵ĹƯĲϣһʱҲĨȥ˼ƽ䵭ңԶ¶һָ
͵ײһ¡
̲ס롪
飬Щʲôأ
ܿõ˴𰸡
ûһи̽ŵġСȻǣס֡
Щ̧ߡ
ֻomegaŮͨĶ⣬ԼŴĻרעƽ顣
ȻȴõŴëŵ΢ţ˼򣬽űЩССϸڱ¶š
ǵӰЩ֪ʶд
ڵӰԺŵӰȻĵǣ֡
ڿյ顣
ѾǣˣܵĹϵҲйȴԻǻΪּ򵥵ĽӴ˶䡣
ÿɰ̲סҪЦ
ǻסֻϸֻ֣滳Ķˡ
ĵױһֵо
еʪģһɬ⣬һ
롣
İˣôɰһ棬ֻһ֪


84
ǣһӰǶʼǣ֡
ֻͨͨţ滳еƵģֽӲһƬôҲů
ôһŵӰƽomegaŮҲ𽥷
ʵڶԵӰȤ͸ɴഹԼ飬ʶ֡
һָһͻĹתתȥʮָƬ̣ȻȥΪƽʱ˶һֱö̶̵ָס
ôůڵһȥ
ҲģͬСèצצһϰȥëÿһνӴalphaŮͷ
ģֻԼҲŤͷƳһֻۣԼֻϵֹȻһߡ
ʱ㹻ֽǵʵʵоյؿⳡӰȵ볡𣬷ӳʱomegaŮָѾȾ£ôˡ
ںţĵȵ˶볡𱣽ĹԱûнǸƬ̡
Ȼ滳С촽
ǵһԼʱͬվšʮָۣ滳촽
ȴȫһ
Ϊʱ滳ġҲΪѹȻϻմһŵСǵúȴɳڶģһŵġơ
ҲǵȸԾζˮһ
һºôǣ߳ӰԺлŰͰ׻ûϡǾڴһһͰ׻ꡣ
ʰһ׻ҪͣȴȻע⵽omegaŮ˫ĺ۾ֱֱԼ֣֪ڿʲô
ţ
һʱһҲ±ˡ˼һŽǱ׻ģݸԼҰˡ
Ҫ𣬴飿
״滳е㲻ˣ۾ܰƳһۣǽӹȥԵˡ
ֻǣڽ׻ߵʱ򣬻һ֡
ѽ
alphaŮʹָèƵķȻ顣
֪ˣ飬Բ۾ģôޱȿʵ˵Ҫι𣿡
ԣ滳һӡڡغ͸ˡ
Լˣ

alphaŮֻǺ޹ͷԲ۾գգͿ
Ǵ飬˵Ҳģڻǹѽ᲻᲻㡭ҪȥɣպðһͰԵ
˭Ҫι
滳롣ֲСˡ
ҰļƻҪڵӰԺ⸽ٴ϶ʮӵģٿǰ԰պοȥȡƱʱ׶Ρ
ȻalphaŮȴؽϽļƻֻ³ǣ¥صͣҵǵĳӡȻС
滳еظСһԼõָһʱ崻С
ôԼֻǡֻΪ̫ˡΪǽյôȶůŻȥġ
һصalphaŮ²ر׻ͰҪι
ŲҪ
ű׻ָѾҪݵĴߡ
ȻһӰʱ΢Щȴˣըı׻ȴɢŨζеǸѾõġalphaŮϢصζ
滳Щ㱵طֿݣֻ˫Ц۾
óγþˣ̫ĹâҲҡҡλεϢС
ڱ׻Ũζ
۾Цջʱ滳ʶԼĴӶԷָԵιı׻Сһ
һӺ˶䡣
ɹιʳalphaŮȻ㼫ˡ۾˸߲ҵСɵĳŶΰΡ
滳ҪϿһ˫ֵضС䡣
ּӸʵ̫ʵˣ滳̲ס̧ȥ
Ȼʲôûд
ҲǡomegaŮʶ
ϾǸalphaŮѣʲôСë
ֻǣѾalphaŮͷĿϣ״ҲûжֻЩͷͽ
滳ɴһݣһֻҲ̧ҿسalphaŮͷ
ͷеӲӲģʺܺãëСһĵĴ˾ޱȳʵ
滳㣬ԼҲջ֣alphaŮµעһ°͡
۵alphaŮգգ۾
Ȼ󣬲źȻӦ
ܺ飿
Ȼ滳ϵǣalphaŮûһӵɴ۾ͷߣֻô˵ˡ
˵Ŵչ۾Ц
ָкܺšǴ飬ҪϲĻҪҪһ
ʲʲô
滳Ǹ񿴵üЩ˵ƫƫalphaŮֻôۺЦ⡢ִ
滳ҧҧ촽̲סȥԷķȴһңͷҳˣһһķݡ
ЦšӦţʼٸ߼ŪԼͷ
ǵ滳͸С
ԼǴûиԼ̫ӵķ͵ģҲδϻѹ̫˼ȥУһʱЩֱŵģȴޱȥ˽̳̣һոµķ׼ʹá
գգ۾ǰ壬ŪԼسɼƣȻһһؼϷб
滳ĵalphaŮĳȴڵţܲšüͷֻǸӷ͵ģҶһ£ҪһֻۣͶƵľپ֣Ҷˡ
飬ȻţŪʲôѽҪҪҰʲôŪĺ氡
滳ͷalphaŮЩεЦ
ðɡ˵뵽µĻͷ˶ˣ飬ղŵĵӰûп׻ǻûأҪҪٳһ㣿
omegaŮôСƳһֹۣԷŲֵֻ֣һ
Ŷ
ã滳˳ƷȻǵһŪȴģ
ɱԴ쵽һߣ׺ССġ׾ĲɫСȻһĻͷ״ޱߵĳĩҲ׹һССĻ
Ȼ̽ںһһֻոµġûв𿪰װСֻ𿪡
omegaŮ˵
ʲôѽ飬ֹôصġ
һֻСǺܿɰëӣһССտģ
ܾе죬ȴһʱûЩͷ
ţalphaŮڤ˼룬ƵĶء
Ǹʱ硣滳ǽͣʰϱȻţҪѡһʵλּҵСŮõľķҾϲ
ˣ׵Ǹʱ
Ǹʲô磬ڻԵǸСȹӡСɺܿɰŮ
ס滳ͼΪԼ⣬Բ˵۾𽥷š
еԾǸʱΪҪ͸Ҳʵѽ
滳ס
ƺ˿һҪǿ飬ֻ˵ͷ͡
Ȼҵʵλã㽫ë޵ո·Сһ࣬ԶЩȥԼƷصͷ
áomegaŮô˵ţˡ
һ̧ͷȴԼһ˫ˮԲ۾ġޱȷؿԼ
滳е󣺡
ôˣ
alphaŮȴͻȻ˹ϰһڡ
أ˵飬úŶʱΪҪĿɰŮܵˡ
ʲôѽ
滳ɵ㿪ԼոµƷ
͡Ϊǿˡ
СһչalphaŮ˿ôĻֻǰͷ䰡䣬˵š
飬ţء

ΪԼ˰ɵΪ滳̲סҪ̾
εشԼë޵ķ̲ס֣ḧ˸
ģС˵ֻ㣬
ֻ㡣
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ڳ˺һǲǰȥһԼص㣬һ԰
չʱ滳ϽԼƻѾױˣڳϸͷʱ򻨷˹ʱ䣬ſǺһȼƻ˽Сʱ
ǵʱ򣬾ͲòڴһӣõԤԼƱ
ļƻһġ
滳Щֵţʯ·ǰߣȻеһǣǣһ̧ͷͿalphaŮЦ۾
ô飬ˣʲô˵ѽôġ
Ҳûпġ
ĵ򴽣û
Цſգţ
̫ˣúһҪһ
ﻹǹϣǲܵġ
滳ৡغ͸С𣺡ƻġ
ԾüëЦ
飬˵еϡƵģ㻹˸ƻѽϸܲܿ
滳һֱԼԷˣһЦԼġ
ֻ˲أû
alphaŮȻʤ׷ƵĿ׷ӿߡ
Ǹ滳Ūķͣޱɢһ׺Сͷһտô£еͯСƤš
ֻһͲôһˣʵǻõҪεβҡҡȥȥŸǳССë
ʱײϵСֻ³ϿƱҪǷݼƻģ滳ǾĹۿû취ֶ㲻ֻðֻļƻˡ
ڳϣǷݼƻ滳ʹЩصȴŶԷķӦ
ԽԽáǲȽϺá
Ͼдʵ̫ˣЩ϶ûбҪ׼ּʱ䡢ϸԼ·ƣĸҪʲô
վǸŮĽǶȣ˵ҪԼ̫塢ơȤ
ôȴ˺һ滳ҲˡµģҲˬȻ΢Ĵ£滳ͷĵ棬ȻЩͷĿѣ
ҪˣЩ޷ƵġϻԨеĽǡ
ŵǷݼƻ¶ͬĳŪɫ˲䣬нǺͶᱻȼɣ
滳ϱ۾Щ롣ҪǵԼٵˡ
ϴһ
ʱǸԼζη
顪
滳ס
ÿɰѽ
Ȼֻһ仰alphaŮ죬ŵЦһ滳ЩԼĶ䡣
˺þãǾ䡰Ź֡ߡƭġʼûн١
ǣ滳ֻ̧ۣalphaŮ˫ĺЦ۾ֿʣһ׵顣
񡢾񡪡
Ŀһ
ûϵѽ飬ɫôô˵ţ˻ǣŵ֣𣿡
滳ҡҡͷ
Ȼʣ㲻ҡ̫塢̫ȤôûΪһͨͨԼ͹ȷӦûеĻһ
Ƕô˵ġ
㲻˶
Ȼšһ˼ʲôüͷҲеˡ
Ȼ˵飬ǲʲôõĶ

滳һסˡ
Ϊʲô֪
˵ѽŵõġ
alphaŮеЦģᡣ
ϵζʪģеѹ飬ǲʲôԵ޹ʱԼĶ
滳ûлشɴֻ֣Цյ
飬Һòã
˵ţΪʲôģ͸С컨
ɡ
滳̧ᴷһ£ֻalphaŮסˣһֻҲסȵ¶ȴֻϹͬ
λ˽յ֣òã飬
㲻𣿡
ŲΪС컨ĶΪŶԷȵ£Żô̹Ͽڡ
۾ʣΪʲôҪ㣿
ҡ
ǣ滳˵ȥЩɬ
ҺģΪ̰壬ԼᶼҪдɷеһжҪƶõļƻôûȤ㲻𣿡
˫۾ֻ΢΢ˣЩءȻͰ⡣
ȻᰡalphaŮ˵ʰֿߣ飬ⲻ˵ܰܰ

˵ϲѽЦֻкϲϲŻģŻԼһҲôƻѽ
滳𣿡
ѽô˵飬׼׵ʱҲ˺öƻأкöΪҺϲ㣬õЩҲ𣿡
˫۾Ӧš
alphaŮͺܲõЦȻֱһ¡
˿Ľ䣬һ˫۾ͷһȫľͷ
ֻ˵š
ϲ㣬飬˵ɫ̫ͬҲϲϲ㡭


85
Сİģοͻûر࣬԰㹻󣬵ȵƽ԰ɽϵСȥ֮ԵҲ𽥵ˡ
ïܸ£ܹǣ֡
һӰҡţֽһƬߡ
飬ƳһĵͼǸ˻ɫǵλָǲҪȥ
滳ʹչ΢΢۾ȥǸλ
ֽҳյЩģ壬ְ̧⣬պomegaŮڵͼϵָ
ݡ޳·ѩɵһƯָڵͼһ軭·ڹҫ΢΢¶͸һģ
ǸΡ
ָ
ʲôĽָʺأ
Ժиͷ
գвһ¾ҪˡҪͼҪѡʯ΢ƺͶʵʱܲҵʵıʯ⣬¶ԽҪͽĸҪЩһ㶼ԣ
ͨĹ˵ڽָƣھͿԿʼ˼ˡ
ôţ֪ҲšüԼҰ˵ϣȴѾɵߡ
ֱһǣϣ˼
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Щûعֻ̧ۣ˫Ⱦһ󡢰۾
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һʱò񻰣ֲ֪ôܹǻȵİ⴫ԼİˣҲֻǣomegaŮ֣Ȼݵָһǡ
顣Ȼ΢΢̧Цررá
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ֻǣڵɽС·ĺԶԼͷ·ҵδ·ʱ滳Ѿ۵ͨ죬ֻǺһԵĳαߣò⴬񽻸
ѽ飬뿪ʱ죬
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ڳһͷֻžʢalphaŮӰʧСǰȻֺ֣ܿ˸߲ҵ
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۴alphaŮһۣɴֱ׳ؿ˼ϣһҲ̤ˡ
ðɣǽӹΣ飬ȥ
滳۵ԼǸļϣţһҲ˵ˡ
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ģһ롣ҧһڰ
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ҰƺҪеģ°صȥֻ̲ס棬ǻеԥؽ̵֣Ŀ
ͱߣomegaŮůϥǣ˵ʲôҪԼҵèһۣԼǽӣ񿪵ĸǹ԰һֻҡҡڰڵѼӴʲôսһ
ѽģ̲ס˵ᷭģ飬ôš
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ô˺һܹɫôϾ˶ôˡ
СôҲе㳳ѾԶ࿪δɴ˷ֻѼڰտˮƮԼżһš
յ΢ˮһƬԵµҶҡš
ѼӴﶥסҫ۵⣬ųֲζ⡣
ˮƮƮalphaŮȵ¡滳ȥԼ˷Ǹոµġë޵С
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ֻǣҲֻסֻɿ֣Ȼʮָۡ
alphaŮͶѯĿ滳˫ԲԲ۾ֻԼġӿ˵Ȼ
ʵǸӦڲ͵ġ
ڳalphaŮͷʱ򣬾Ͳ֪óˡļƻһ㡣
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ϴǸΪԼҲ¼ɶٵԼᡣӦúõǵһԼᡣ
ʲôѽ˵Щͷ˺һ˼ȻЦӴĵѽ顣
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ûлٵκζѽ˵˫۾ЦСεԼܺãϴԼҲܺúܺãҪʲôѽ
ȻɫЦ
ֻҪڣ飬ʲôܺ
ȵϢգ滳һغ
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飬alphaŮʣҿ𣿡
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΢һ·ŲõԵĹ⡣¡
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ΪһԼĽԼһǻ
Ҫ˵⻹ǽһʽ棬ȻȫȵӶȴҲֻ΢ЦţﾡȻˡ
Ǹ飬ͬѣŸڿԼɵСѣ߸ɴֻëޡ
֮ǰǸĿֻ䵽ϣԼҲûʲôԣֻǺܲõЦ
Ȼ¡صؿڣƽ㣡Ҫһ¡Һʹ顪
˵ţalphaŮ˽յ֡ҪԴ֤ǵĹϵȻ󱻺˶滳קһ½ǡ
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һٻԵڵģȳԵ˺ٰ㣬ƳһԼ϶ûʲôΣյĶŶ²ԼʡƽƽƽôȡıalphaŮ˿ڡ
ﺬЦ⣬еؼһӣʲôʱܳǵϲѽ
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С棬̲סϣ֪˵ġʵĲ
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Щ˵ֶδܲɾôӺĶй̳Ͼһ˿ܹӲдءȻȴ޷Ԥϵķ
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ڵĻζ׼ؼʱɫѾȫǺڳˡ
֮˴ƻؼҡ˳ڸʻԱߡŵ滳˵˺ü䣬û취󣬴뿪ˡ
ڼʻλҡ֣ƽݰݡ˸ǷϢ
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㣬˵һ·˳硣
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ƽ㣬Ǿճؼҡ·ϵĳѾ𽥵ˣŰ޺Ӱֻżɳ۹ȥһĦУ컮ڰ
Լ˺þõ·ֲôʱѼӴ滳Ѿ۵òˣ־㷹ڸʻ۾ȴȻĦгһӾˡ
ֻЩãȻĺڰŷ̵ˣ𽥻ع
顪һأ˯һͳЦ죬ҲǸոĦг̫ˣ⻹ûŵأһKX450ڳܡ
ôרҵ
滳ʣῪĦ𣿡
ᡣӦ΢е飬ǻģ֮ǰ֤һʱ䡭ûʲô˼Ͳˡ
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omegaŮǵͷԺиЩйصƷ
ǣʣǡȵ֮лᣬ𣿡
alphaŮԲԲ۾һúܴ
ввУҲ㡣
Ȼæƴҡͷһ߷񶨡
治У飬ҿһ㣬Լ滹УԼãһʲô¹ʡвС
ԼԽҰģһȺȥɽһ棬Ҳ¹ˣȻͬ˵ءʱˤϹ첲ԼرϲҲûʲô
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˵ޱ棬Բ۾׹˳̹뵣ǣ滳еһֵľ
ǡײ
ֻ𣺡֪ˡ
alphaŮһ㲻⣬ֻԼڿųʵûа취ߣֻؿ
飬СţҺҪŶҪʲôΣյ飬Ҫ˺ԼĻһᷣŶ
ôһֱһžưô꣬滳ҵµģ𽥷Ӧ
Ǻû취ЦЦӦԼˡ
ˣˡomegaŮ֪ģҲġ
ͺǲһۣĹĵӡ
϶û顣˵ƭҡ
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Ϊʲô
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飬СˣȻȴû˵καĻ滳
滳Щ
ô
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ǴһͷζںܲؿԼ
ȻֱϾô洿ƵŮôҲ˺Ǳͬһ˿־塣
ǣֻ΢ֱһ㡢Сһҧڿҧ֭ˮȻޱ档
ҲеĶ
Ⱥȣ̫һ¶ȣ滳ԴΣֻԼѾҪڻӵ
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۵ࡢΣյĺڰֻ˵ϾСѩ
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һȵ뿪Ĵߣţ滳ǸЦ
飬˵ţѽҪҪȥϴ裿صĻζŶһΪǻϺ
alphaŮرࡢر࣬ޱ޼ʵ뷨룬˵Ҫ˯Ļ飬εĻ˵Ҫҧһء
ҲŲҧˡ
滳Ƶ룬֡ءҧһڴꡣ
ߵˣͺеЦ۾䣬ȥɣ顣
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alphaŮԱЦ۾ĿɰСȸԾͲá
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֣ͺǿĵЦԼı
飬ţҿСӦñѽ
alphaŮŵģ滳͵ǸտС
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˵ôȴûеõӦЩػعͷô飿
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Щί룬ǻġ
ңŵĻʵ̫ˡһԺʲôͻ߳˼ܵĻ˵һ۾ͻῴǸ۵Ĵ
Ȼ󣬻ŭ֮Уͻһֻ֣קñµµء
Ϊ⼸һֱĵǡ
ĨһըʹȻֻصϣʹȻײԭ˿ϡ
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ûϵѽ滳ء˵ûϵ㿴͸ҵСҲСŪˣ᲻µĸң
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ѽǾЦĻĻҲ͸ѽϣŵģһֱĵ
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ˣȴӵġ

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˵Һ£ҺȥΣһһεصԨһγˤ÷ǡ
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ĵصһֱѹŵģȻҲȵǸôѿڶ
һŬȥġ
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С̫áֱʵؽԼеİ⾡ԶԥȴֻôųֻҪߡֺȥԼģǻҰһƬӰӡ
Ȼ滳뿪
ֿҪ֡
ԣŬءȥһΣԼˡ
˫ȶξ۾ŹѾĵǿյú͸
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̫ڻͳΪһɬ͸ʢŰ⡣

omegaŮš
ʲô
Ұ㡣Ұ㡣
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ô׵ĺǣϰ඼ٵˡ
ǲŵ˿յĵݣȻǲڵģδҲãƷոУŶæúܣҲùٵ
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ˡ롣ֻǡֻǡ
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ǣĺܿɰܿɰֺȻô
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ΪЩ滳Żŵ÷ȴôʹҲҪɱǣΪʧֻŵȫʧȥѪɫҲΪСС׽ŪԱؾԼһǺᷳȻЩȫϧԼ塢ԼҪᵽһ
޷ȥ⡣
ʲô˭滳ôࡢô̵ˣְ鵽ƴЩҰļԼԵ뿪
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СһҪĶ
ǻὫ͵תм
üͷԽšԽɫϾϢ
滳ġҪĶ


87
칫¥ԣһҰտĿ
alphaŮʱѵˡ
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״ҦԣеһﴽЦܼ࣬ôҺȱô
ϴμǸһalphaŮһװ˸ɫ̶̵ĴͷԵóԵݷ˫һ۾ЩƦḡЦ⡣
ʱ˫۾ЦشƺѰЩʲôȥš
Ϊμ죬Է滳ĹŹ̬ȡЩζĻӡҲ㲻Ϻá
ĳֱҦԣ˺Σա
ûбҪֻҦҪ˵ʲôֱ˵ɡ
ԣҦԣЦԼʩʩȻˣܼǼӣһƬ֮ġ
ֻǺ֡滳ˣôͻѡǰԲԲ۾һģalphaŮ
ϣҦԣûֻǺǸпҡҡͷָЦſ˿ڣ͸ʲôˡ
Ҳѹ֡
˵ʵڵģҦԣǿԼǰŮģôɡ죬µķ㲻ʲôֻǸġʲôĴӡ
϶ܺƭҦԣ뵽ʰɣ˳ҵĻȥɡ
Ǹ߸ϵ滳뵽׽ˣʹ˺
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˸ɴشϣҦԣҲЩضס˻ͷüëǽóˡ
סalphaŮ롣
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alphaŮһʱҲЩġ߳ٸϻؼңȴǵļû˵ģ滳ҲţտյΪɫԵû谵
˼飬ûҵ˻ĺۼ
ǾǡӦûڹ˾
ͷĵת˸ءҴææ¥ϵϡʱѾ°ˣ˾¥ŵƣֵֻҹڵıڡʾ֤˵˼䣬ǱŽˡ
ǰ̨ǸδܹתУԼ·س˵¥
滳һҲͬϨ˵ƣտų׺£ʱŷֻĩ˵Ǹ칫ŷﻹ΢΢͸һ˿
ǼϹȥСš
滳
š
飬𣿴飿
ûл
ǣ顭ҽalphaŮ˵Ȼƿš
Ȼ滳
ɳƺѾ˯ˣỺţֻ¶С԰׵Ĳ΢΢üɫʮְһ
滳һ˫ףȴմ˸ɺԵѪ¶һľİɫ֪˵ҲһʱҲ˿ڡءȻһ׹
ôˣ
ԥƬ̣Ž˻ѣ顭飿ҪҪѣǻؼ
omegaŮë΢˲۾ɫȴãȻ
˫۾յġֻӳӰӣƺڿԼеĻӰ
û£顣С˱ҪҪʲôûеĻ˯һ
ƮƮѽèһ˲䣬ˡ
ģһֱصɳѹִ˺һ
˼ϲȥο顢顭
omegaŮһº۾Լֱָۣ״Ǹȵ¡
ȡ
ǽסˡ
ʶߵģξһûʵĻþ
ǡİ
滳
֪Щ֮Ҳصߵ
ʵӦٱֵøЩģΪˣӦۡٸˣκһ
ǣʮָľʹƺеʧȥΪ˵ĸ֪滳ֻǾ䡣Ҫˡ
ҲժףȻalphaŮȵµĻ΢úһЩЩˡһġ
գ滳ҲֻὫԼޱȴĻѳ
ΪˡĵǸ˵úһ㣬Ҫ㡣
§alphaŮĲֲ컵ķʽȻ󿿵ؽ

omegaŮعƻ繡
ǡҪ𣿡


90
ɡ
滳ૣֺõȥalphaŮĴǣһ¡һ£ţҲŵúʡ
ǻʹʹҲôԵҩ׷ѣǡǡ
ǻϲЩġ
һαǵʱ򣬿alphaŮģҲûô⡭
滳֪ġطҲĵȷȷûʲôеľֻ⸱ǡ
ǣ̧׵֣˳ȥҵalphaŮ֣ͼչԼΪomegaŮԵң
ЩǣӦǸǡ
ڱϰοͣƬ̵̡˱˱С룬ټҪǣֻȻomegaŮ˶ͷ
飬СʣҪȥ󣬡ô
˳ǵߣ滳Ŀⴹ£źȻԼϾǰ߲ѪѾɺˣȻǳɫȴԵޱۡ
滳һֻʶؽ˲أ¸ȥҪǡ
չȥ
Ȼڴûн١
ֻסգĵƺ滳
Ҳǰ
滳ʶ
ôѪδ̫ûˣalphaŮ϶ҲϲӦʰõġ
ҲԵġ뿴ǱǡתȥһУҲǿԵġҲƯʲôġ
ǣ滳Щ˫ȵֻʣ𣿡
ʵʵġ֪ǲΪЩڹȥĻͻȻûȤǹȥûз£û
Ͷ·
ǡûжң˭ûУҲġҡ𣿡
˵ʲôѽ顣
ԣalphaŮһšüͷãȻȾ
ʲô˼
ôͻȻҪô𣿲滳˵ʲôء
ðɡ
Ȼ
һӱе
滳ֻջĿ⣬Ȼֱټᷳˡ
Բ𡣡omegaŮ˵Ҳġ
˵ţվ뿪ȴȻһǣס
ͬײϣڲһקպ͵زָλõ˿ڡ
һҵʹľлѣ滳촽̾ʧȥѪɫ
ۡ
˲ҪʧӦԼ˵ĻomegaŮǵǲģ͸ûôȥյıҪ־Լվˡ
˵ɿҡ
ȻalphaŮûз֡
飬㡪˵ȻҰ׵촽һЩŵطȴֲҷ֣ԡԲ˵ˡҿԿ𣿡
滳ûлش
ĵͻȻӿһּᷳһԼ
۾ôξ̫ͬһ޷еԲλࡣ
Ź˼С˵ҲȻʶ
ԼȷʵǲõЩġ

滳Ǹɴؿ˿ڡ
Ҧԣˡ
alphaŮǱ̵һһɿ֡
ҡҡЩţҡ
ʲô
Ƭ̣ŴӿڴȡǸСӣСؽ
滳ӹС
ʧüҪ˺ֻءӲأ˵ָǸСС
Ǹ
Ϊһʹ㡣
滳գգۣǰȴȻӿ˺ڰɫڰͬܵĺһɢţֻҪû
ǸãȷԼлûгֻþ
ӱǡϡ
һ˷ģƽ滳ԼҪе֣һȥˡ
Ҧԣ˵ʲôǷ֪һУ滳Ѿˡ
ҲˣЩȥθɱ񡢳ªãҲʵϵĹ¡ܹʲôҲǺ¡
Ѿõܶܶˣĺ⡢֮´棬ЩʵʵĹδΡһԼĻ룬һֱܹԶԶһ
ЩѾӦõҸ֪Щǻᱻջȥġ
滳
ллҡomegaŮ˵Щ
Ҳûһɣ
ڽܸ׵ʱ滳ԼһġûڽҲֹϵ
㿪ֻ֡
Լһ滳ô˵Ȼת뿪
*
ʱȥվɳǰһҼž
ԵŽţomegaŮԼ棬һ
ڰ칫ʱʼİ˾ѾܷˡЩܵġǺȻ롣
˵Щ
ԣǡҦԣ
ǶԴ˵ʲôǸ
һЩƬ龰еĵء
İ˷û߳ġ
Ҧԣ˵ôĪĻҲһġ磬ΪЩ滳˹ȥ
ġڡӦ˹ȥ֮У޴
ֱǸһ˴šȻԷڵľ״ʲôõ顣
˵ҲŶԷһˡ
߹ȥվͣűߣŸСػˣ滳
飬ҿԽȥ𣿡
Ȼǰģûһ˿
ҽȥòã飿СţҺܵ㣬ģߡ滳ҽȥ𣿡
ûлӦ
̫ˣҲֱûһ
ʲôĿܡ
ԼŵˣһҲվסŻ˼ǾŵذŰ֡ƿš
糣ֻɢż򿪵ҩƿڴϿԼİˡ
滳ڴϣﱧС㳡õֻëСżƺѾ˯˹ȥ
ֻǿýˡʱŷڷŶģֻʵУǱ굱һƬҶ
˿̣İر۾ֻʶ߬촽˿ֻһƬҰס
ĺܲá
֣omegaŮɢĳȻ˳ȥ¶԰׵ա
顣СűڻеİˣûˡѾûˡ
omegaŮͷֻʡ
ء
ţƲȴҩЧج޷
ҡ
ãã顣
͸ᰲգҰ׵ļǸ𽥵ȥǳɫ˰̡ŵβŶ촽
Ҿ㣬滳һ㡣
滳ûп޵ģȻȴζ
ǣסԼҰı
û顣
alphaŮֻԼҰ˵Ķͷٴһǡ
ĻУҡҡ׹ĵŮǣסڲʹ䡣
ôȡôů
omegaŮʶţİ˵½ǣȻԼָϵ˿һεѿˡѪ
ů
Ұ㣬滳
촽˵¡ȻС˵š
Ұ㡣


91
ǸιЮƮƮҡҡãֵġþů𽥽䡣
嵱еҩ滳Щģΰ֮УůڵĻ˺һ㹻۾
Ŀһֻġıܵ
ǡʲô
滳ЩãȻתתֱ漴һë޵ĴС
ŷԼ߲֪ʱżë޵ġ׾СССèΧܵĴϣȫһõģʱܺͽΧ£ֱ̳桢ߵĳһ
ҩϴʱ򡢻ûеġ
˯⻹δȥ滳ãȻĵ׸ĵһͷǣЩë߻Щͯ߹һ
飬һͷ𣿡
滳ãȻֻ̧alphaŮЦߣͷЦСһá

ԼҰãȻëż֮䡢̬ﻹЩδѵУ˫Ưĺ۾ֻǰãԼСƵģһò
վߵԼҰ촽һڡ
顢ǵļ϶alphaŮС˵ôôɰѽ
滳ǵµģֻʶκ˳żձߵǣȻպ˶⡣
Ĵ𽥱ȾȶȣomegaŮܹӻ˯ϵʶԼںδ
Դεظͷ
û𡭡
ǣ滳ֻܵؾ˴Լǰ½ǣСʣ
㲻𣿡
ʲôѽȻǵͬǼ⣬ҸҪ߰顣
Ϊҵġ
Ժһظ滳
ȥô⣬ªֶģ˿һ۶ҪӶرߵĴڡЩ
Լˣ洿alphaŮķһ
һҲ䡣
滳С˵Ӧߵġ
ô˵Ϊ˶ţȴȻôƽ˵һ׼Ĺһ㡣
㲻Ӧúһ𡣡
滳Լûз˵ܾĻָȴ׽Լ˵½ǣָڶʧѪĲҰɫȴŲԸſ
ˣ㲢
ЩԱĻǱ̽
һףЩǿӲΪʲôô˵Լ
alphaŮûǶļ򡢸ûнڻֻº͵طգ滳Ǹֱ塣
ѸߣһоĶڱ壬omegaŮﵥ½ǣǱյޱȡ
Ҫ
ƴš
Ҫ뿪ҡҪ
ȥ£ҡҡ
alphaŮжǡ
ټϮȥֻ΢΢̧°̵ͣءԼʪ󷢶촽һ¡һ£СԼ°ڵָ
ףֵֻܲ¶ȡֻĦԼ˵ͼ˵رԼİ⡣
㶼֪𣿡
ȻomegaŮڣʵúᣬ
ҡҦԣ˵һЩ
ͷ˵ţŹȥԼ˵ա
Ҳġ飬Ը˵
ȻİȴֻҡͷҲΪ»ѵľŶ
ҡǸʱ򣬶Բ𡭡
omegaŮţ˫۾Ȼȴȥֻأҡͷ
ԲߡʱӦáҡ
;̸̣۵ԼصġҪΪ˳еȫεĴ󣬿ǡǡ
ǣǸͲĹ
alphaŮ롣Щˡ
ΪʲôҪǸ
Щ̵ƬһĵǸҲ޷סԼҪӵ뻳еĳ嶯
ˡ
ֻſֱۣؽӵ˻С
Ȼ˵ǸomegaŮЩãȻࡢ
ֻǽߣӵ
Уֱ֮˫򵥱þˣʱʧĻһҲݣͻĳ
滳ţ滳
omegaŮϾ̫ˡ˯ȹԼһڽڼǵ״ԼһֻͣĴΪ΢΢
ôļôࡢô
޷еһӿ
ƬﱻˮʪУǳɫڵļϣսɫѱ档ֻʣǡ
˳滳ĳʪĺڷҲ֮ɢҵɢڼϣˮһ㡣
ʱ۵滳Ҳò԰ףڻҪݸϲɴǱԼŪѪ˰ֻ̡дЩܹԼȥ顪
Щѵ
ΪʲôȴҪǸ
ס޷ס
顣˵ΪʲôҪǸ
ҡomegaŮʵµģԲ𡭡
ֻǱø
ǸԵǸ
ѹԼȻȴӵԼİˣۿֻ̣ҪԼ
滳滳ţĴ㲻ԵǸ
omegaŮűյеʹֻܵص͵͡һ
ࡢȫ§ӵеƵģ
顣ֻһĴ㲻ǸԵǸ
ҪǡĵǸͷǿңȼһֵȣҪܰ滳ͺˡ
۸Ҳκζˡ

ԾؼomegaŮι˾䣬ۡ
ɿֱۡ
ȻֻǷ˵ļ򣬲ȥ
Ǻ׺ףųͷζǿҪ븹Уһ˿Ϣء
滳ܿ챻ǵóûѲֻܹڼҵǵУӶ

巢ʶءţȥˣȻalphaŮȴԸôŹ
顢顭ֿ˲䣬ţԵǸ
Ȼǵø
ǳ׽ʱ滳ѾЩʧˡãȻпԼҰȵĻСһֻһȥ۽ľӨΡ
滳İǣ˵ȥҧƬʪȵô˵Լ
˵ţҪΪԼĴǸĻҾҪôˡ
һβԼԲԣڻû׵ŷءalphaŮ˵ţЦ۾ǲǣ飿ҪǲӦĻҾͼʱǹ
еomegaŮһӽסˣЩµҡͷ
ոǸ׺ǿӲǸµӡ̫ˣ滳޷ôãֻʲôӡ
ȥ
ôףȥ˵ǵѹ
Ҫ˵еίס
Ӧңô˵Լ˵ҪǴӦҾͲǾǡ
滳ǵͷá
ȻõһȻǡ
ֻǺᣬȴָӶط·һвӿΡ
˾ӿţǵжȥʣ޼
ù⣬ȴ޷ֵˡ
ͣʱ滳κشԭأЩãȻ
˵ġ
Ǿ͸ίˣԼҰ˵½ǣָûֻܹߣƭˡ
Ц
ÿɰÿɰģֱҪˡ
ţӦһԼҰ˵ıǼ⣬ƭè
滳µؿҪֲ֪÷ʲô
С˵Ųǡ
ѽalphaŮЦ촽è䡣
ǡǱСİ˿ߣ㻹ҧˡ
šӦֱ׳һèèСֻϲ㡣
Ӧ÷ɿ죬ԾҵomegaŮãȻˡ

ǸոչԴεģ˫۾ɵ˵ˡ
״ֺЦԼèż˵
ǱèǰԼŪ˵ıè˵ҿ˵ˣòãšǲ
滳Թȥ˫ף¶ָϲŵɴ
ĶԼܲã˿Ҳԡû¡ΪһҪ塣ֶֻô㣬Щң׵Ľ¾ſɳƲҵİ߰Ѫ
Ǹ˲䣬Ҫֹͣ˺
Լˣûôء
˫ϸ԰׵֣Щֻһû˵ָڡ
飬С˵𣿡
ʵá滳ҡͷȻõһڴߵǡ
ССģᣬѹӢڴһЩãȻ֪ǸΪʲôֵ
ûбϧıèָ֪ϧ
ҰŪһŶalphaŮ˵Եһ£ȥҩ
ѪɽɴѾ˿ϣӲȡһۺۡǩմ˵ƣһʪɴƤֿȻὫɴ¡
¶ģ΢΢𡢴Ѻ۵ָףдѪɫļ״Ѫָ״֮϶زҡ
ĿҪû취ˡ
İ˿ɫԣֻЩ
һΣΡ
飬ȻʣֻƽԼŵԼҰˣôŪģôء
ʵҲǺʹ
滳밲οԼİˣϾصʹ̫ˣҲûʲô
ֻǣһֲ̧ѹؼڵˣ滳ͣ˻ͷֻؽԭί
ǡǸʱ򣬡ԾԽ˵ԽСǡҦԣϵң˵һЩ
˵ʲô
˵ѡЩˡomegaŮ˵ѣͷʶҪǸԲ𡭡
ţùްִս˵ʲôѽ飬֮ǰԼʲô
һЩµ۾Լˡ
alphaŮЦһ촽ֲĴ飬ӦǸѽǡȥ£ҦԣЩ£ǲǸġ
Сظ˴˿ڣ˵ţֻ˵һͨĵ
Ҳ΢ϧһԼҪٰԼŪˣòã
alphaŮ˵ţһָֻİȻ԰׵ֱס
̫ˣȾűѹĺۣȴǲҰʧѪɫôǣҲûܹů
ôô˿أ
ЦЦ˵Լ΢һè
滳ʶҲŲǱ
ðǾǴèèİ˾ЦôͲҪԼ
ܻʹҲԡ۵ģ˵ûϵˣҲҪƭңòã
˵ţϧʰ˫Ұ׵ġ˿ڵ֣ڴǡ
Ҫ۵Ļ͸ۡѹͶ˵ԼѹĻ֪㲻ġalphaŮţòã飿
ǡ滳ﻹǵӵġ
ǻĪءͲ
˵̫࣬İ˴ôҲᷳɡ
ֻ롣
飿ǸڴߣȾһġвһĸоǲʲôõĶ
滳½ǣֻҡͷ
ҡ򸣬ֻЩѵ˵Һ¡
ʲôѽ
ᷳʧȥȤȻͻ뿪ҡ
ǣЩ滳Ҳ˵ڵġſڣҲֻǾǸ½ǣ˵
㲻Ҫߡ
alphaŮͺεЦߣ§һ𵹽СżĴǵһƬǵõ廨ԡ
ȻԼҰ˵۾˵Ҳߵģ飬Ҳߡ
˫ġһĺ۾ʱȾ˲Щҡҡ׹Ƶģ̶ˮ¹ⲦؽĵӰʪܶء
ǵӶԥģȴҲ̹ϣʵǸԼȻ̻¶
ԼҰ˵۾ԼѾס
֣ȥǣԼҰ˵֣ȻСĵرܿЩ˿ڣָֻϸָ£һСǽָģ
֪滳ǻò
飬С˵¾˽Լеϲ㡣ϲϲҲ뿪ġ
ȻʰͷǸץʱõţèżᰴԼߣomegaŮ촽һǡ
İ˺˶⡣
滳ͬز۾alphaŮ̫ˣĴ̵СԼİԣҲһԲֻغš
ͫУӳalphaŮȵ۾
ȥЩѪ˹ڲпӡÿһҹÿһĿհ˲ҵ滳ţҪϻԨ
ĸ̸ϵˣͬѧй˼Сôô໰滳Ǵĵ״ҲʼЩţԼҲǺһˡ
Ȼ
ǡЩȻͬġ̫һĺӣõõһ
ڡõںڰＸҪȥؤȻõ̫ı
־ԼʧȥⲻӦõһСֺ̫Ǳʹ֮С
滳ǵӡ
˵뿪
Сֻ̫ǣָ۾䡣
֪£ҵСѩµġ
ǿԴһַʽһֻеĵİ취ʲôá
̫ô˵
Ҫʲô͸ҡ֪ôſеȫ滳òã


92
廹ƵУ޷ܸܺ͹ĽӴǣҹǾֻء̵ؽһǡ
ȶĴһƣЮŨضʪҹ䣬ķؽʪ
ӭŵƹͷʱһжǷ˵ģϺһꡣ
ϲ顣
滳ָˣܹգ˫ȵֱķ˿һһ顢ţڴһϡе䱦
ûбش

õĻӦһǡ
ǵòأ滳Сϧһ
ȻȴֲҪǵøֻҧҧȥúߣһ
alphaŮڹ׽ŪԼǺŶ⡢ҧҧ촽Ҫߡ
ֻµļ
СѩС˵ҵСѩ
˵ˡ
ǳյȡϵ¶飬Ȼ󿪳һССġͬСҡҷĻ
պ˶ա
omegaŮૣ
İ˵ͫô·̫һȣҫ۵滳Ҫ
ңҵѩòã
أһǵļ϶
Ҳߵģ滳ԽһУеһУȫҡԸӦ𣿡
alphaŮü䣬һķ䣬һֵϧġõı
ź˰ӿ滳ֻԼĵ׵Ǹ
á
Ҳءأ̻¶Լİ֮ࡣ
ҡġomegaŮૣΪڴߵǶʶ࣬һġ
ǱЦ
˫Ĵϰһڣ΢˿һ㣬ųЦ
顣˵ĺÿɰÿɰ
Ϊȵȥ滳ֻЩءס½ǡ
죬ҡ
и಻Ծ룬;̽ʪС
󣬱ǵèͰ۾ͷһһпԼҰ˵ıУķβ
Щ룬ૣ
alphaŮӦţ
Ǹ˰̡
滳ֻС˵ʾԷԼǸ̺ۡ
ڸոյalphaŮ⼫ˣһһκܾءЩȥǣ滳Ҫ
Ϊ㡭ǡǸںһصլŪϵġ
ôֹţԼԼĻƮƮҪĨȥԷΡ
δϧè䲻֪仰ֻalphaŮ˸ĵǺѹ
顭
иǵǳǳ˰̡
ʣôŪģ
ˡ
ΰУomegaŮֻǱܵػش߽һ
ıҪңҶ㿪ˣǣڹ⹴ĶӣȻ͡
ָһ
ʱŶ󰡡
ǵһμʱ򣬷Ǹʱ滳ôôС
ǵǸСģݲ԰׵þˣһš
ʱʮꡣ
ıΪҵĴӣʱѾҪˡ
ǵԼ˼Σ¹ڳ˽õüҪζܸߺأһԴӡƳֵ競
ıܿ
Ȼ˱
еʱôƽ̸ֻͨһιȥΪеùһŻ˵ġ
ţȴĶˡ
ǾԼΣǸ֮ϵĵ䣬滳˶Ļ٣ܺá
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̲ס뵽ʱǰ˰СʱΪ˴˿΢һ
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͸ġԶٵĺӣӵˮһ塢ˮһġᱻۡմȾʺͳ

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İ˷·ʲôȫŵĶһ硢ֹͣת7·ݱ˴ѩ׷ɵĶ졢̫ϵϾҪˣһĻȫֹͣˡ
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ʲôʱ׼ǾһؼҿòãȲ
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Щɵءⵥֽذס쪡һӴ򿪣滳ǰˣ˧ȴһʱûеõҪĻӦ
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ͷֲ𡢲ֱֻ࣬ϵĽ̳оãջֻѡһָ͵ķʽ
ֻ滳ϾǲӦ¶ģġΪղŵڶ΢΢˾ĳ㱻ɢڼϣֻ÷ȦڲһС黨
С黨ķβҡҡλδȥ׺ųɫ뵭Сֻͬܵһһ
Լ˻Ҫȥ˾ô룬Ҳû취ۡķֻýһ˫ССķȦȥԴΪԼıǡ
滳߻˯ֻ˳ӵذзŷβͷһһؼֱҪ˯ˡ
̫˰
Ǳƺæ滳ڳҩЩϢƵҩ֮⣬ľҩ֪ġ
Լ˲԰׵Ĵָ̧ǷһƬơ
滳ǺãȻ۾
飬ɫãalphaŮգգ۾ŵõ͵͵ģջҲȥ㹫˾ɣòã
ʱèӦԼġϾŸոտЩڹȥƬ滳һûĵط˵Լô࣬ʵڡʵǲҷŶԷһˡ
ţ飿ǷѭѭյغˣҺһ㿴һҦԣȥ㣬ָʲô绰ĻΣհ
һô죿ҿ϶һ춼Ҫ㣬ŲġalphaŮ˵ţҪҺһĻͲõʲôĻһԱ㡪
˫ӳӰĺ۾ãȻţδѵľ⣬ǵ˵ڵĻȴС
գգ۾飬ȥҿ϶㣬òãҿȥһ칫ȵ緹ʱһ֮ǰ
滳Ҳڱģģ
˳Լղ΢΢ƫƫͷèһ˲䣬ȾֻһҪҡˡ
Ȼҡҡͷ
УomegaŮֻ˵Ҫġ
ӭ˫ġСһͰ͵ľɥ۾ҲԲΪֻеԥţοǣסԼ˵ֺ֣һָܿЩɴֻĲֲ䡣
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״omegaŮ쳤֣ͷǸ
ڵǸˡ
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ǵȣһֱҲȼĵȥͷǱָȥ촽
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alphaŮſͷ²ָ󷽱ָ飬Ҹĳ1ţòãûдҵĺѽûʲôɰıע
Լ˵㿪ͨѶ¼Ŀһޱıע֪ģΪǲֿĻԱǻƷı롪ԼĺԺ󣬸ľǡ25.6Art
ѽ顣ŵصԲ۾ʲô
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˵ţ˵ıעȴֻõһءҧϵǴ
αȸոһ㣬ʲô컸оֻĹĵģס룬Сһ
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ҵıעôѽ顣
Сһҧ˵˷ֱ׳Բ۾ؿֻǴ
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飬͸ҵĸĵ
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ȻùٷҲصıעһʱûͷֻǶֻĻ
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ʲôѽ飬alphaŮĹĵؿȥǲЦʲôѽ
滳æҡͷ
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Цˣ۾ԲalphaŮҪ֣ѽ飡
滳ֵԷϵ˾Ͳٶˣֲôݣɴȥһס˶Է˫Ц촽
ǴŵζһçײֲִڣalphaŮҧ̳һ鲼

ģܿȾµȣɱ͵ζһڸвκܷḻġζ˵Ĳ
ڷֿʱ˫һĲ㳹Ⱦɫֻʪܵطˮ⡣
İѾȫ׵úĻ糺졢۾ˮɫ졣
alphaŮָǸζһ¼
ҪŶ飬Ҫġ
ô˵ѸٽǸݲŴãЦȻС
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94
˵ʮ˷֣߼ʱ﹫˾칫ҡСʱӵԼҰ˵ĵ绰
飡Ǹ˲䣬ɿؽˣô۸㡪
ǰ
ǱߴģƮƮһƬһ
𣿡omegaŮʧҵˡ
סˣ
ȥܲʱһжǾȻģﰲ࣬ϲ˿δвЩͨĹԱǡˢ֤ͨʱǰ̨һﻹ˸к
ᣬװͼװĵ˹ͬߣ̸ʲô˵ͶװҲע⵽ģȴûͶעĿ
ֿĻر̫ˣЩؽ
ʲôһɫװ˺ȻڣܿţһֶĳŪһСʲôɵġ˼׸ˡ
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˵˭Цպһ֪ء֮Ҳ㡣ң
ĺǱܵش˸
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ĵ֪滳ѾʧȥȨƣȻＸ˿߹ȴʶ߼ÿһ·
Ҳɿǯ˵ֱۣеؿЦעȴȻͶϣһʱ˵ԼҰˡ
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ĺɫƽȴųǵ⣬ˣҲܾˣҲϳֹ10ϵĴɶδõ߿׾١
ĺʱסˡ
У㸸罻ƽ̨ϵʽ֧֣ȷʵܲģЩźҡҡͷպʹʽ׶ΡĸƺҲáţ֪֪ôгϢ᲻Ὺģ
ƽв˽ӲãźȻŭ̧ͷһ˫۾ǵͨ죺㡢ҡ
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ŭŽţȴǰҲ˺Լ޷ı滳κξһʱȽҲˣֻѵпǽڣ˵ġĻ
滳ֻǰȥ׵סģٽ߷ָκһˣǣִһƬң߰ɡ
ǻص滳İ칫ңŹϣһҾȫһŰ⡣е㶵ؿԼҰ˵ıӰز
滳ֻǣֿ˿΢е죬ʳָΪһȭĺݶԹƤȻҵСҩĵưʹƬָ׸ǴСĲ˴á
ΪȰֵЩڵŤŤ
ôСĲˣֲӰʲôƽʱѵʱٻЩûһҪôСĵġ
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Ȼ̧ͷ۾ܰalphaŮڣʲôҵ𣿡
ڡĺеЩѲԭǸСܡ
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Ȼ˫ԲԲ۾ֻ΢΢˶٣жǸ
alphaŮǣסֻ֣ǺСģողвĺ˵Ҫ׵ҵȥһ·׾ͻ䱦
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omegaŮ˽Ǹ
ôůڵģһơ
ְȫ滳Աظеһ롣
ǽǸϲֲ䡣

ֻḧļһһµ̰ο
飬ԸҪӵȻ˵С컨Ŷ
ɡ
滳ֻ˵Ѿ߶ˡ
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պýҪһȥȾƣиױƻᣬҪߣвѶڡҿԸаˡһȥɣ


95
ʱϡǻǻص˷ԼҰȥ滳ⰲشһԵɳϡ
֪ʲô
飬˼֣̲סҪļ̧ͷȥԼˣ飬ʲôѽ顪
գգ۾Ĳ
滳ֻЩһۣ֪alphaŮΪʲôʡ
Ȼʧȥ˹һƽûʲôãڲ֪ʲôˡ
Ӱڣ滳ֻǰɳϡһ㷢ʲôҲûǲȴޱȵ⡣
ʱ֪ʲôomegaŮȥֻôһ죬ʲôҲһԲ߶ŲֻҲ飬Ҫһ˺ǻ
һֹ̨ͣתΪ˽ʡģʽȴһĻ
Ը
滳ֲʲô
飬ɴ±벻ʲôǿЩʲôҰ칫ﻹ̨ԣҪҪϷвУֲ̫ɣҪҪӰû㿴
omegaŮá
ֻõһײ˴ϵǡ
У顣Ȼֻ˵ض۾һֱѽ
촽ྵۣ滳ŴЩؿԼİ˻ȥ䵹ҪҵȤĶ
ЩڵشŤŤָ
滳֪ԼõalphaŮʲôӵġ
ǲرر֣˵øֵͬ飬ҪôŬȥҵһԼеȤ
ʵҲġҲûкܲߺңֻеˡ
Ϊⳡ»׼˾СʱһСʱĻ飬ȻʮӽԼǸϰߵİ칫ңԼİߡ
滳ֻЩƣѣ˯žŻʲô﷢Լ˼ʶȫʧ
ֻǺżŻֻȷԼȫĻԼȫжн䱸͹Ӵٵ˼άװԼѾ뿪Ǹص塣

ֻǣİƺԸ
滳Щϧ򴽡
ҲҪæԼ£ΪʲôҲϢһأ
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뿴Ļ
ǣomegaŮɹõԼҰֻĻᡣ
һҳŰֽڶҳдС֣񡷡趨ҳãЩãȻŵŮǶȵݡ
Щ˫۾ֻǼնɵģȴ͸¶䵭ֻ߰ûǵǳǳ˰̡
ڰ칫ǰ°ЦпһֱͣеЦ飿
滳ǽ΢΢̧ЩΪߵalphaŮ
ʣң
һ飬Ҳ͵͵ˣǡȡģȡĶѡΪԸ
滳͵ͷȻ󷭿һҳ
ⲿᣬƺѻƺܾˣɶҲܸߡеĹ½˵һֻССĽǨ;˷籩Լʧɢˡ󣬽ɭֵһ
˵趨ĵֻеĻһŲ廭ĵŮ˵һģһˡֻǻûɫʣ̳ǳǳġҹµɭֵΨһ͸ɫ
ССĽŮֻǸ߸ͷһԲ
ȥҹ٣ɫСŶԵ⣬ȴֻõ˸Ļش
߿޴С񡣡䵭ĵ˵۾ֻӭ¹⣬ҲҪë
滳ֽҳֶ˶١
ԼƵ䵭ףֻöһֵȻ
ǡһγܵʱ
һȥȻƽ޹ʵض죿
ʱԼѽ
ѽѽѽalphaŮԭ쳤˲ӿ֪һʱҲеţæƴ֣Ǹǣ飬󿴣
š
˵ͷַһҳ
ɫëСã˴ദ죬ֱһΣյķ籩١˵С޴ɶ㣬Юڱ統УҪ˺һ㡣
ȻСģĵһζڻС
ĿĻ棬͸Ů͸ļŰıܹ꣬Ůһšȴðȫ
滳̧ͷЩ򴽣ҡû
ûôáҲûоȹʲô
ǱǸˡ
ѽЦ۾䣬Ǹʱץס
Ƕʱ䡣滳ֻΪԼ֪һϸѣȴϵôᡣ
omegaŮֻЩģҡҡͷȥ
ССĽŮһϤһЦ
Сﳪ裬ʱԼּҵСȻС׺ڵķ䣬ϣЪڵŮļϣȻͬ밲ߡ
ֱһƬҶϵ䣬ŮȻֿʼԶ
ССĽΪʲôˣֺѹ
Ǹϣҹ¹ҫ£Ůĵؿ͸ָһѺۡ
͵ֽҳֻһƬհףûпʼ滳ط˼ҳȻֹܵ¿һȻס顣
̲ס£źϥͷ̧ѯʣأ
һûлѽæġalphaŮֱ׳Цȵ顣
滳Щҧ촽
alphaŮЦȻ⣺飬һ𻭣òã
Ҳử
Ͱдű˵ţܾԼеصͷȥֽͱʣȻںĹ£дòã
ҡ
ţôЦ˳㻹촽ϡһڣϲζôдԣŮô㣬϶ԵġдĲݸ壬Կд
滳ؿ˫۾ССӦһš
İֻص칫ǰȥûдļֻһűʼⷢ
Ҫдʲôأ
дõľ籾ŮԶ͵͵ؿΪҪˡ
Ϊ̫͸һεı굱࣬Ѿ޷ٳܷ籩ʱ
Լ޷ٱС޷ٳŹһ꣬ҲСῴѵģ͸ĲƬֻһ͸Өࡣ
ŮѾϰԼһˣҲѽԼˡǽɫСĳ˸δĻ롣
ΪڻڶҡŻôؽӽʧġ
Ųǡ
滳ʶҧ˴
ûôá
ǣЩŤǦʣظֽд
ŮԶСΪҪˡ̫һСҪ뿪ȥѰļˡСС޷ŹĶ졣
Ҳû͸ͬˮƯࡣǸɰͰ͵ġҰªһʯͷǻȻ󱻲ʵ
С񿴵ģĻһʧġ
ССĽ˵ÿ˵ȴһҲƯ
ʧȥСġ
дһ֣滳ԼıʼƬ̣źȻʶԼĵͷȫдˡ
һʼͿĨЩּݲݻˣҪֽųһŶͰ
һֻֻɵסĶ
飬alphaŮЦҪӵòã
֪ʱѾ뿪ΣֻǶɳԼİˡ
дʲôá½˫һ۾΢΢𣬲ö죬ӳЩҵĵӰ𣿡
滳Щƫߣָ⡣
alphaŮСԼ˿ڡֺȺȣ̵滳ҪԼľǹĲ񣬽Ҫ˶ڻ
ȻʣòãСѩ
Ҫǡ
滳ԼƮƮģֻЩʵС
ߵọ̈ⷢ˵Ҫǣһ¡Ļͺá
ԾЦ
ð
ȵ֮Ĵϡ


96
һֱ׼ȥ磬Ƕû̸ϵ¡
滳ֻɳalphaŮд˺öö࣬˫ףңдƺǣҲ滳Լ
칫ʱ䵭ģҲڼʱļӣı£ٲȻǸģûʲô⣬ֻΪѹߵļ϶΢΢Сһ
滳һֱãԼʵݵùͷˣҲɰմϱߵġ
֪ͱµԼԭӵġ
ᷭЩССĻ滳д˯һֱиģڶиůڵա
飬İСȥɣ
滳µ۾ʶȥֻȵ֣ȻֱһССġӯǡ
Ц
ϵľƻᣬʵǻװǻҪѡʵķװȥװ꣬滳˵ıںƽȶĳԺصͷٲȻҪ˯ˡ
״alphaŮתͷЦСʣ飬ҪȻǾͲȥؼ˯
Ǹջķ
ؼҡ˯ߣԶǸůȶȷֿ
ֻǣģԺﻹظһͷ
ȥƻĻͿԼǣǵĹϵ
ĻˡҲֻġ
ˣ滳ֻܵҡͷ
֪Լ뵱ɰķӦֻλ˲仳Ǹմζı죺СҪȥ
ãáalphaŮεЦؼҡھȥ
ȥһҲڽС꣬װԳ¾ɣȻƿľʵţչ¶ĹӷƵĵƹǡãӳֹġŵϷװħͷŮ۵ħƷꡣ
Ǽƺͳ̨װĲ÷꣬÷ǸʮỊ̇Ÿ۾ȧǣȡŰݷʱ۾ڶһݱֽ̧ۣ鵹Ǻ⣺ŶСͬѧˡλǣ
ǳʱϷͿʼװĵ棬ߵ·Ҳ벻Цĵ̻ˣǣ滳֣Ц̣Ұˣ
۾ЩȵصͷŷԼСëͷСŮʱҲѾˡ
滳ûֻΪǼͨķװ꣬ȴȻʶλҲϵܺõĳһӴͷѵ˽š
Ծվֱ˼ʶҪɿԼҰ˵֣á
ֻǰյøΡ
飬ȥǱһŶҺ·ȥalphaŮɷ˵ŲڰƷϷСɳã˿ûκοʱ䣬һỴ̂ҺҰҪ·ǻװᣬĻҪһףҪһװ
ĺһֻʮġԼ汾ֵֻɫСڳɶѻӵϷصشšһ·Ѷ죬ܿ±·
飡³ԼҰߣȥһ¿϶ʵģһء
滳ãȻؽסϣһ䡰һ¡û˵ͱ¼

alphaŮ͸¼Ű崫ܺû飬ء
ǰ
滳Щյر˻Ϸ
ûʹ׸ѡʲô·
Ǹʱȹӣܱܱ¶Ƥɴû취ȥҲġѡ
˵ᴩװġΪԼһСʧȥᡣ
omegaŮɥҧҧ촽е·һչ
ո»ûвڳġ΢ճεĸطɫȹףһۣñҲܴܴ󣬿ȥֱסŮ׵ĳۡ
ƺע⵽ƫãɫƵĳȹһֱףҪⱩ¶ڳڵλûһֻССġ۵С
رɰ׾ֻõģalphaŮ
ıһ
Ժ߰㸡ֳʱͷȻalphaŮ
飿ǸõʣƺЩΪʲôһֱûж費ҪҰʲô
ûûУ滳ɿش𣬡Һܿͺá
Ѹ·ÿĶñĲԼͨĶ⡣
ֻСĴͣڣɫŮڸţֻϢذ
¼ûоӣ滳ǲ֪ԼôЩڵ߬½ǣƿţ׼ӭԼҰ˵Ŀ⡣
ͬ·վһƬЦصȴ
滳ͬҲŮһװ磬ֻĶȹ۴µϥǵλã滳ĳȹ˵ҲɰͷҲͣǺСë޶䡣
飡СħŮǵЦҪǣ֣ÿ
Ͼڱǰ̫ˣ滳ûƿ
Ҳĵһߺ˶⣬˵Ҳ
һԹĦЧĵ۾ۣܺʡ
ǰɣĵӦ˵ǣһ𣬱ȶϵĴ廨ƣ̣ǲǿģ
šĿĳ͵ͷħŮǰͺˡȹ죬ȹЩǵҲʺϡ

ԣգգ۾ؿ̣ңҲǽأȴģӦǴǰĳȹǸ
Ƴһۣﾡǡ𡱵ζȻ󿪿ڽ滳ȥСͬѧİˣСҸһͷ͡
滳͵ͷſԼɵİ˵֣ҹȥˡ
״alphaŮֹؿţֻúܲɿ֣ȥˡ
ΪɸӡʺϰƷĳȹģȻԵıʯװΣȴûжһƳ֮֡Сķ裬ֻӽһɫѻ
෢ĹУһԳͷЦӯӯؿôҲ
飬ž˰ĺ۾ֻЦ˵ÿ
滳һۣߵø졣
Ϊ滳ŪͷҴԼƷĿĨɫãȻ⡣
ױ̨ѰƬ̣ϻ﷭ö״һһȵıʯȻΪϣҲ¶Ц
ǡ̵ὫǰalphaŮɵĳãʲôʱҪˣǵȥ
Ǹӳ͡ĴײçײŮˣԼᶨѡİˣ
лл̣
ԣЦɫ۾棬ȴҲ˸ޱȼᶨȷš
һġ
ֻ˵̣İɡʱҪƻɴء
öףķϣڹӵƹ˸Ĺ⣬öǡ
Լҵİ˵֣滳Ȼһȴлɡ
ͷ𣺡ǻġһ


97
ƻᡣƹá
ⳡ֮ĻװɶԾٰڱУﲥỺ֣ؾһ̸Ц顢ơ衣
һ̨ԣһͷ桢ѪalphaԵŮڨžƱԷ̸ʫѧ
˲ţһֱϲʫҲдʫ֪ʫûȤalpha϶ЦݣҡžƱʫģηϲŵʫ裬㣬һʮ͵ʫ
ԵŮֻòЦЦرԵһŲŲȴյ˹һǰø˵ЩĻ
³άڡΡдŶ̫ưɣЩʱٶҽӡȵĽ󣬶ӡȵϣ뿪ǵĵطԡ飬Ҫȥ֣ȥ쿴еĵ㽫ȫһŴϡ*
ǰ³ά
һȻ䵭ƽǺȻžһֻ
ǵԼʫ
һԴתͷȥֻһӰһܴŮ׳ۣڸ˶ñУֻ¶԰׵°ϸ
滳ֻǼ
ǵԼġ̫ˡǡΡʮ͵ʫ
̫ƽˣûϣ䵭÷͸¶һָ߸ϵİζ
һ߳ŭǺ롱վ㡢ʲôϵӡ
ôһļ򣬡Ҫ
һתͷֻһŸϤݣࡢܼ࡭
ڰ֣û˵ʲôʱ䣬ֻ߹ȥȥǣ滳֣ŮҾʹ氡
˵ȻոյĶעĿɶٶ˺ѣ仰ƬˮһСƬȻ
С㣡΢һЩôչۺ棬ʲôʱ̸ˡ
̸̧̧˽յ֣Ц˰̫ˣҪʲôʱεҺ˵һˣл
ȻתԼҰˣ߰ɣŮѡ
ǸڨĿҵ˳û뿪򵥽գalphaŮǣԼҰˣ߳һƬ滳֣Щ
˵˵Ĳԡ
ãȻԼֻǾ˼ǸalphaôͻͻȻһڱӶˤһ
̲סεЦ
顣С˵Էϸ󣬡ôôɰѽ
˫ãȻ۾ǸˣΪʲô˵
Ǹ滳
ǸŲߡϻ۵ľСܣȻͨĽȴ¶һֺͯһãȻ
һֻɭִСԺ˵è
룬̲ס͵͵Ц
滳ãȻס֣
ЦЩʲôأ
ԼalphaŮԲ۾￴һ˿ֻһҲҲˡ
һõalphaŮôģǵЦôѽ顣
ҡ滳ѡŴǣͼԼԼҰǻϲĳϵĸܣ̫ʺϡ
ԼҪһȻֳ滳Ǿò̫̫ˣ̫ǰ칫Ľøƣ
ҲĲʺ
omegaŮֻеЩɥθҲ⡣̫һˣһһ
ġκһˣЩɰġСɵŮǣЦšɶеʱ̵ģ䡣
ֱһ˫͸۾ͻȻǰ˼
飬˫۾ֻͷ۾ǲʲô
滳ʶش𣺡û
ֻҡҡͷЦ
ףЩģǸȴȻᶨᡣ
ҲãӦòϲİֻ˵ǣȥ˵ɳ£̫ææҵģʱó
˵ţƳԱ߽ϷŵĺƣеŵƲƲ죬ҾҲô
ԭЩĸоȻˣ滳˫۾ֻʶڣСƹ
ҲŲء飬Һþöûôȹ顣֮ǰȹʵڲôúȣᡭ
omegaŮ͵ͷϾ̫ƣԻЩ棬ǱСʣ𣿡
ѽ˵㳢֪ˡ
ԭѾƿ滳һЩֺȻԷ˵Լȶ˾ƻθʹǿͣס֡
omegaŮȻͣĶЩ󣺡
Ȼ⡣
΢һ׺ƣԼһͷ˿УȻָԼԼҰ΢Ц
Һ΢΢Ⱦ˫˫Цġһ峺۾ͬһдš
飬Ҫ


98
ڶ˫۾дŵ˲䣬滳ڡһӺ쵽˶⡣
ҧ촽ֻԼϵĺЦעҲụ̵́Ҫڻһ㡣
ûзӦֻЩͷЦ룺ţ
ɡǡ
ͨͨͨ
ԼƴͿҪһֻƴȶųײϵĴĺ
촽ôʪӨȾƯľɫ
滳һ¡
̲ס롣Ǻ«ǽƯɽһ
ô
ס˺
֪䣬omegaŮѾժ¶ñԼİˡ
ų׵ǣԼİˣȵ´
滳ᴹԼҰ˴ӡһǡ

ֻݵͣһ˲˫뿪滳Ѹٵȥٿ˫̫ͬ۾
򸣬ָɳֲ棬ǡ
ЩƣЦ
˵ǻؼٳ
滳̵øˣš
öССġѻƵŨڳĶʵǺ̫ˣǾӨʺʯһţҪֻҪյøһ㣬ͻڻˡ
֣ᴥǸͨĶ⣬ָŪ΢¶ȣ滳һҧ촽̧ۿ񼸺ˡ
omegaŮ١
ĺÿɰ
˫۾ˮɵԼӵ⣬ȴһҲʲôֻԼְֵֻŪģ
ȻöĶ⡣
Ȼֻյ˫۾Цʣ𣿡
ǱơǸǡ
滳ش𣺡𡣡
Ǻ«һ
ڽĶҲȾԼµȺطſ֣СһվҪȥľơ
飬Ҹõ΢úһЩŶԼ滳һ£벻Եʲôʲôȥ˵
ߵúܿ죬գۼɶֻЦŵȺС
滳Ӱʧķֻ̧֣Լá̵Ķ⡣
ζ·𻹲ڴݼ䣬֪ΪκȻúȣҹɶԵе¶Ҳһ
滳ᳶ˳ףɿЩͼԼܵҹڿյ⡣
Щ
ܹԼΪʲôôʱİ˱Ѿˣһ̨Сͳ
滳Щȵ̧üë
ŲͳĿľˮ͵㣬ſڣǲ̫
̫ʲôѽalphaŮӦ
ԴţҾûҮ飬ܷ㣬ǿԸպöڲͳ棬㲻Ҳ̫Ͳ˿
˵ţӲͳҵƱԼҪľƣϻƺͿ֮ģ˻
ǱȼβƵݸ滳ָڱϲݲݱȻһ£̫Ŷ飬㲻ܺôࡣͳһ룬ʣµĸҡ
滳ӹˮıƣ߻µͰɫῴһۣƶȾƵģ
ҲŲأalphaŮԩԲ۾һˣʲô飬㲻ܺô
˵ţſԼҰ˵ļ򣬲ǵģ飬ҲûС
ԭǱƣϵ¶Ⱥò׽һ㡣СһŮôȥֻЩʼˡ
滳ڵ㣺
alphaŮֻǣ۾ҪֻһҲ֪ʲô⣺ţ
ôʣ飬ô
ϵȶȺյøˡ
̫ˡ滳˵ƫߣǹϡ
˿ǵġ
alphaŮֻ˵ţȻ̧֣ὫĶñһ㣬ԼҲƬӰ
ڻ谵Ӱ˫һ۾ȡ
û˻ϳǵģ顣
滳ֻ·̫һɫһƬ档
ǻɶԣ͵顣ҲȻһİĵطֻǶˡ
ǣ滳Ӧš
alphaŮʹսһ촽
飬Ŷ
ôԼݵİ˶棬ֻڵǵζ
ĺ𡣡
omegaŮÿҪðˣʹӶñӰ˿Щ˳µȥԼҰǱֿȣҳ飬Ҷþûˡ
˵ȾƵġ
滳ЩƵ롣߬һԼҰ˵֣ˡ
alphaŮžƱ飬ָ𣿡
ôۡ滳ܵشȻ˫ԲԲ۾ע£Ǹ˿ڣе㡣
alphaŮͺϧ֣ףֻϸ
ôǵ˴ɳãָԼޱȺ˳ļɫصļβơ
èһ˴ͷеı̽һɫľҺΪζü
Ȼ滳̧۾ʪģֻ˵ÿࡣ
ǰɡЦͷҲáζ̫ǿɫƯ
ôֳ˼ֿζ滳Ĳ̫ܺȾƣϰɶĳϣȴǰΰѵпϣҪ˯ˡ
죬úȡ
ǾͻؼңؼҺȺúȵľƣòãͷﻹصѾƣɺúˣһҲ࣬ҲɬġʱǺǸòã
ϣһҲ˵ҲƽֻٲȻѾҪ˯ˡ
̧֣պգȻ¶ȺܸߣŴΪƾȣѩ׵ƶϼɫ
ǵġ룬ղ˲ԼҰ˵ķһҲܺȾѽ
滳ҵĳԱ̳ϣҲûʲô˻ҹľơ
ҪȻΣհ
ΪղĶomegaŮʶģһȡ
û£顣̧֣˳˳ļ˯ɡ˯һʱҽ㣬Ǿͻؼ
ԼЮİ˱ء֮˰ߡ
ǱߣḧԼҰ˵ļƽỺĺйһöָơ
ɶԵһǣвͳǵӰ䵱УһжһССġůڵζĵôûãȻڴпϤӰ
ǹεúļѣһͺظ߸ֻ̧С㣡
С㣬ôѽҪҽ˵Ҷ֪ˣֲȥ档εùݮܺرԹţϹǡ
ꡣ˯ˡ
ڴ߱Ȼ߾ԵİˣֻЦԼǽܡ
ҰˡԺʱٽܸǡ
ݮϵҲѹС㣬ʲôʱʱ䣿
ŮҲչԼָϱȻ£ָģͬصѹ
С㣬С㣬ûнָʲôʱ飿
ԣЦ
ս§ԼҰ˵ֱۡ
ûءȻ˵һγ۾İ⣬̫ˡ
ɹͰܸʶô


99
˯ܺǲ˿ǳߣҲǶ˵ɴӻְΧһֺСǸߣ˶ԶˣڳһֻǷϢ
ȺּˣһȺֳͲֳź壬ݮôḧ˵ļͬڰοһ仨Լ˵ǶôС˺ʹˡ
ǼƣҪǱһǣţһ겻ˣڷĺ鲨Ĵݲенӵ

̫û͹ݮϹǫ̃̄СʦѾ˱Ħĸоۣ̲ס죬ô롣
УûӦú͹ε̽һճĶĿ⡣
ڹݮ˵ĵһ䡰촽԰ףѱ򦡱ݳʱ򣬹εȺóһȻҲûֹˡ
Ϊصѹû͵͵ǷȺֻйݮսؼһְһһתЩֵĺǡ
berryС㶯
berryС̧ͷ
berry̧ͷİֻϸݴļϣţͬڰһ峿¶ˮµİٺϡ
berryɫɳ磬֯ѵǺģΨһ˫ǡ
berryʱ߻˹᳡·ѰʲôĶȻͣסˣ
berryŶС
berrywocuol
Ǵ룬ûסЦ
մѪĵemojiݮֻЩѯݵʾһܡ㶪ըֻˡ
峿¶ˮµİٺϻһİˣȻֻϣ˯ø졣
滳ᣬϵҲƮƮģȾϣȴӼͷ
ƫͷȥĽomegaŮڵü۵Ķñһ㣬ֹڵƹ⾪ξ
ʵȥ˯˲ٺϻ
峿İٺϻ㡢ϸף滳ġ
԰ЩûʲôѪɫģŵİٺϻomegaŮԼԾǱĵ׵Աҧ
С
С̧֣ԼҰΪƾ˵ġ촽
оǣ滳ô͸ƫƫһֵ;ܹĹߵڣαˡ
һҲ񻨡
룬ȻһԼһ޶İˡֻǱϾڹϡ˵ڿǡ
飬˵ţЦǻؼ
*
ʵ֤İȷʵǸ滳Ѿر𰲾һ֡
ģֺùԣ˵ʲôʲôΨһıǡһҪǣ֣ôϷš
ֻҪû취һֱָ֣ϵ˿ڣǣƵomegaŮ͸޼ɵ֣ƶôŤҲһҪܵſ
飬εķȥòã
İ˾ֻèһſϣģز˲ʾԡ
顪
滳ſŲֻǣøرʾԼĲ
ô飬alphaŮеţŻææȥ֣Ҳɿûµģˣ㡭𣿡
ãſŵ˵
ߡ
Ҳߣ顣alphaŮҲߵġȰ΢һ£ȥòã
˴÷ɿ죺Ҫ
omegaŮ̧ɵĺ۾ã۵׵ҡҡҷҷǱ˵ġˮ컡
պ촽ƾյ糺죬͸¶ʪɫ
ȻomegaŮܲءֻЩؿߵҪȥұˡҲŲ㡣
ֺЦΣǱչȥ촽
ȥ˭Цʣʲôʱƭ顣
omegaŮе㱻ˣֻؿ
ðŻش𣺡ƭҡ
è̲סЦִ̧ա
飬ȱȥòãԵСͱһ۾Ǿ͵
滳һڻȻ˵Ҫһ¡
ð
Ǿһ׽ŪĻ˼սȥomegaŮ۾ȴŴ²ǵǸ˲䣬ֻһڡ˶Էǡ
ӭ˫ˡίɺ۾ֻЦǻؼ顣
omegaŮ͵һۣԼˡ
ϾŨԼ޻Ͳô˯˹ȥ
һ˯ȥ۾ʱѻص˼СɳϣѾ׸ĳֻۣһ˯ȹȻı̺ȫ
滳Щ̫ѣֻز˲䣬ҪֱȻ̺Ӱˣֵ˿
⶯Լƽ̧ͷɳϱһ˾һˡ
飬ЦomegaŮգҪҪȥ˯
˵ķӦеģֻãȻض֣һлӦ
滳С˵ơ
ţalphaŮûӦʲôѽ
ơ˵ھƻ棬Ǹʱ˵ġѾơ
˵棬һ˫۾ȻһʱûסЦ飬㻹˵أôҲôȾѽ
omegaŮػֻôһҽҪȵļӡ
ֺЦֿɰǴչȥĶͷӦСƹ
ܿѾƻֻԼҺİ˵һ㣬Ȼȥ
ֻôŶ顣˵ûôԶȻθòã
omegaŮеίӦһ
ûʲôƷƵļɻ£ֻǶƱһȫ˿С
Ȼ滳ЩѾơսȥҪԼǡ
㶣
ģֱѱĲһ˫۾ȾˮȻĿ
˫ġ촽ѾȾúú죬͸Өǵȴȥߢ͸οĺʯ

omegaŮ
Ҫǡ
ȼһŻƵģֻдݼľҺԸοø
Ҫ࡭
ֻΪƣŻô̹ϡ
۵ζĴ䴫˴ݼ䡣ԼҰ˲԰͸źεգҲӦǸǡ
omegaŮɳ̺䣬Ȼ̵ءĵأһԵģʡ
*
ô˺þãalphaŮڿϷſԼʵسҭŵİˣȥ裬ϸɾ˯ȹصС
Ͼˣֺ˾ƣ滳ߣܿ˳ߡ
Ĵű˵ļҵİҲ˯˹ȥ
Σһֱҹѡ
š
Щ۾ŷ滳ڿѾյúȺˣomegaϢصζٲܿƵʡ

İ˲ߣ촽ʶҧþǺۣ˯ȹ½ҲԼɢһƬ¶պġɫĲ԰׼
omegaŮ̵ֻǽ۾ܵüͷٵĺµ䱡㡣
͸ңԶҲҪˡ
ֻǻʶĥ䣬Ҫõϵһ˿ο
滳ţҲյ飬ȡءҺȡ


100

İ˲ʶر顣
ءȡ
ɢҶ¶Ƭ羱̫ڰˣ͸һȼһΣƯôۡ
Ŷ½ɢøˣ΢΢¶һĻȡ
ߴǸλõ˲䣬͵ŤһӺ͸ˡ
ŻææŲߣֲҿԼİˣֲòСֹ˫Լ֣Էָϵˡ
飬
omegaŮֻܵšüͷָʶطŲ
İ˷ǲѵģ亹Ѿʪ˯ȹϣʪھߡʶڻȼһߵĿີ
Ϣصıζյøˡ
˫ֵŤšҪ£ڻŶԷȥĵطһǣõ˿ڶˡ
Բ𡢶Բ𣬴飬֪ܡ
һomegaŮķš
Ҹлҽ绰òã
omegaŮֻѹţ塣
ءţҪõء
֪飬֪ġǣalphaŮ§Լ࣬ڣ滳ûϵˣܿͻˡ
ʧİֻǵ͵ʣȡ
ڣòסԼҰˣŵҵֻõĺ벦ȥһͨ
ͨһͷӵúܿ졣
л̣ѹЩ˵úѸ٣ôʵڱǸֻǡ
ܿ滳״˿ֻǿҵ¼omegaŮĴ䣬һ߷ѾעöԷҪҧ飬ҧ¶ȼơһ߽лҽҪļֱԷ
ҽ´úܿ졣
ȳң״ԭʱԼطҵµʧءлҽ̶̫ܵߣƳԤڵҲ׶ΣŻһҵʱ䡣
Ŀǰ˵ûЧҩԿ֢״ƿǣҲ鷢ȽӴǻΪ
ôУΪҽĽ顭ɣʵϢذǱҩ֮ǰõĹˣڳ˷֢״ʵʵڰȥԳЩҩ
ͨͷֵõ˼ҽУڹҶͨ
תĿ⣬ֻеˡomegaŮţʪܵģûޣȴһ۸˵ģ
ۡ-Ĵ΢΢ָֿض޷£¶ǻɫֻԵʩΪһ㡢
omegaŮèƵıָڳݼ䣬˵ĻֻܹһģʣָҲѳ˼ۡ
Ϊ˲һСҧ¶ȼơ
ֻѡalphaŮ֪
ȻȴԵôô
ȥ˱۾ֻὫ¶ȼƴomegaŮĿǻȡߣСջ֣ǶԷĶͷ
ȥ㵹ˮ顣˵òã
ȻأڳȵеomegaŮûлشֻüͷýģԼʧķ֣ȴ˿ա
Ϊϱį֣Ŵ¼Ʒɿ˴׼Щǹҩ
䵹һӣʻʱİ˱Ѿ۾ֻնŴ̷
omegaŮЩٶ۵̧ӭԴķ
Żǲѵģһ˫۾յˮʣãȻհףһ˫͸նĲ顣֪ȳ;ƾȥ˶ǣжٻͣ˯
滳ſڣ
ǵʶҲƵЩȶջˣ¶һָĴҡҡ׹
ǼϹȥֽĶڽǹϣֻֽ˻
ǸŶ顣
ĺɫˡ
ҸոճȥˮˣǹҪ뿪ߵģòãҪҪȵˮѽ촽ôɣҪѿʹġ
omegaŮֻ˳Թֻˮһ
򴽽ȾϵҺ壬̵̧ۣ۾ʪԼİˣߣζ
ΪɰǺһֱڳѣֻôЩǷֺηˡ
ǸalphaŮЦҪٺһǳԿɿ
滳ĸⲻѣô򵥵ʹƶҲõġ
ǣüĿ䵭ͬ¹omegaŮֻյüëֱھһ׮ĴһڡζŹֵˮ͡ɤӵɿԥ
գѡǱˮֻ۾һᣬˮ˿С
ͷѸٹĶţomegaŮܿˮһ̧üͷܵšһš
⸱ģɣֻԵֹ˳ӣ¶ģƫƫ촽յø죬Ⱦʪζ
ţ͵һ
ҡң飬ϢһòãŻææڣǡҡȥһ
õĻӦֻһġǡ
ͣĴһ˲˫Ѿ§סĲ

İĴૣеί
ҪЩomegaŮô˵ҡ
ȵ̫ܣҲյùһƬЮЩϢصı㣬Ҫշҡ
У顣ܾúԥֻĴڻԱǡ岻á㣬òã
һ㰲οȻ޼¡
滳ѹҧҧ촽ִҪǣֵֺܲסalphaŮ֣ŶԷԼ塣
Ҫţˣأǡǡ
ǸңomegaŮƺҪԼѧġеĽǼɣͼȼĺȻܹõһ˿ο
ءĻҲأҡ
䵭ͬ¹ϢѾշˣŨ̵omegaϢζҲԽԽء
ϵȶŪû취Ҳֻס˫󡢽Լİ˴С
omegaŮһ
ǵ㾪̽˴ݼ䣬ֻءǿζȥǡ
һֱ滳һ˿ֱomegaŮš
ҲȥֹǣοԼҰ˺׵Ĵǣֻǵ
ԣ飬𶯡ǽ첻Ҳ㡣
omegaŮ£ǻţʧί֮䣬ΪǸܾԭԵˮ
ء
Ҳſǻܵ壬ܾԼİһѹסˣֻͽ͡
ءǡǡ
ԡ
alphaŮֻĴǺգһһεԹձǵǳǳ˰̣ٲԽһ
㣬飬㡣
ء
滳ǲѵģֻšҪѳܹԼȥԼԽ׹Խ࣬ؽڵļҲյϼ졣
Ҫأ
ȥᡣ
ûµģ滳ܿͻá
ʶomegaŮֻúίί
alphaߣܹοʹ¶ȴֿɼȴƫƫϰԼ󡢲Լȥ
ǸţԽԽࡣ

滳ҪȥǸԼҲֻǱһս󣬾ί۾ˡ
ء
Ѿõġȵǣֻ˷컣ֻڰοֵĺӡ
СalphaŮ˵飬ԡ


101
omegaŮãֻǴſǻţԽԽס
˰ڻֻеϵĲһ㱻ʪڼϣͬ𽥻ɵġĺ
еļֻǲšʱȥûˡ
𽥵أûʶһ㸡ĺˡ
գomegaŮΪߵĸȺʹһʶһϣѲ
һֻſҪĴֻڱ굱
ССġĺųȴҲ޷˦ưõɣֻܹ䡣
۵ÿҪˣȴֻ޴ԼİˣʲôҲ
ֻܹƴذѪҺӿŵĿڼϰøٸomegaŮһпԴ
Բ𡭡Բ𣬴顣
ǸӵûʶԼҲȾ˿ǻ
ԲĲܸ㡭
ӵ˫Լ½ǵץԽԽһһµţֻǱܵؿšͼҵһֽѵķǻŻæɿ֣ȥԷ
𶯡飬΢һѽʹġ
һ˫ϵɴѾɢˣȻ˰߰ߵѪϸֱȴʧѪ԰׵ɫԱ֪ж
ţֻԽԽѹ
岻ã˿ϱһ֪Ҫ˵ʲôʱܹϡ
һΣЩˡ
alphaŮͷͷסֻ԰׵ֱƬ̡
޷ЩƬ
İ˵Ƕιȥʱı䲻˵ʹࡣƬУ԰ֱѪ߲˿ڣ˫޹ĺ۾
лҽ˵滳Ƽõ̫ˣѾʼܺͷ
ôСҪ޴ȳ
Ƕξ㻵壬ȥ壬ؾЩ尾
ڿЩƬʱ룬ʱڵĻһҪ滳Щ˺һ˿һ
ھ滳ߣȴЩеġ嵱ŰʹΪ
ʲôҲˡ
alphaŮ³һţһʱԼ·ҲھԼҰܵȳĥһʱȴ־ԼЩܣԷ֮һ
滳
˵üɬҪǼִ˺
Բ滳
˵Բ𡭡
ŮֻĻ־ס½ǣȻѾûܵĶ
ʶ§סļ򣺡顪
ࡢ
İ˵飬߽ͬһ㣬ҲھԼľݣ 
alphaŮǲ԰׵ġΪȶźεգգգ۾ֻһ͸ˮԼҰ˵ϡ
һˮϰ߲ۻһܿҲˡ
Щְ̧ȥźȻʶԭԼᡣ
ڡ
ȻӦСظȥԼİˡ
һӯġССǣӡ滳Ķͷϡ¶ḧ̵Ҷ棬Ȼž׹ȥķһ˿
ڣ飬ڡ
ڵġ滳ͬһذߡ
õӦƣߵİĻڳ˲ǳߡ
˯еõʱİܹʱƽôˡ
лҽҩʧomegaϢζڣҲûʧȥǣֻǾùѪȼһȡ
Ӧȥһ¡롣ϾҪŴôá
һʧء˽ȣǾˡ
ǣֻ֣Ὣ滳ɢһãڸסؿڵļظ˶Էĳһž
ȶʧ˯еomegaŮüͷһܵѰǸԴ塢𽥲
Ͼͻ顣
״alphaŮͷϸƣ
ܿͻҪǲȥĻһ˵ˣͲˡòã
ò׽ǳеİ˺ãץԱߵëߵԼƽomegaŮУڵȥҵԼҩƬлҽˡ
Էһ¸˾֮⣬һ·ʱ䲻ûг衣
ôȻһ¡ȷԼûһ˿һ̼ԼҰ˵ĹϢζֱЩԵĻصңšüͷ˯§
ĻУomegaŮи𽥱

ʶԴţȥԼָǺͯ
ֻ§
ˣˡ˯ɡ
*
ǰû̫á
˯˼Сʱ֮omegaŮֽ˵ڶοɲĺˡ
һεĸʹȵһλҪҶʹ࣬ȥǡ
Ѿƣ滳ò塢ƴţɾǸҲ𽥵˻Ƶš
ܵţҪԼ壬ͬѸɺԵĲа嵱боҪſ۵ͽ
Ϊϲп˿ڣЩȴŸڲʳomegaŮʹ̵࣬÷䣬á
೤ŵʹУΨһľǱһظŰĻԼϢذԼİˡ
ôãomegaŮ޺ԽԽ˻ƣΪʹԵس鴤ţҪ޻˺
òιȥһƬ򾲵ҩʹ൱ҩЧƵ˯Ρ
ȻİҲȻһسҭʱˮ۽ǻ䣬ûͷС
ЩѾȥˣ촽ֻ²Ұףһ˿ѪɫҲܹһĵһ㣬ޱȴ
ĿҪˣȴûİ˵ķֻܹӵԼİˣḧ᾵ļҪһ㸧ο
֪ǣʶomegaŮһΡ
йȳģҶʹ࣬Ҹµ
ûκˣֻÿյܺҩƿ߰ѪɢڴϣҧԼʹࡣ
ЩʹԶԶտ¼ŵƻ졣ޱߵʹУ滳ɱ뵽뵽ѡ
ȻһΣʹ࣬ȴûһγǸͷ
ֻǡ
͵ζۣԶȻ
иԼԼͷĵ׸ŵһһ㡣
ǸůȶȲȥ
Զ
ǣĥomegaŮֻǱ۾ոȵļԼߡ
һ
飬


102
ϣ滳ѹһΡ
ʱ賿𽥷ʱǵĴûúϣ׵¹Ӵ麵һӳҲһֶҹ
滳ɬ۾˯alphaŮǴһӤʵġ⻬ա
ԲԲģ
ΰѼ䣬滳Щۡ
֪ԼôΣμһ¹ҫ΢΢ġŴӣô󣬴úôԶԲ⡣һζ
ҧһڡ
滳̫ˣֲ֪ΪƣԸŲһԼ壬ǾֻĿϧؿšȴԲǿԲԲŴӡ
һΪomegaŮ룬Ϊ尾ȳУǸζ̫Ũˣֻһɵ޻֯ɵһỺţŻεŴŵġ
šŴӡ
±۾ʱomegaŮš
Ӧζġ߱ܿζģҪȻķƣʱĵͲһ
֮һͱƤͬɫҧһڣͻϸ۵
ŶŴſζһε˯
滳Ǻ⣬尾谵ðйһμӰͶʶ塢ʧȥԿξȻʱʱҪԨ
ԭҲġովһӿɲĳȣƣ۵Ҫ
ȻǶ׶Ŵ֮omegaŮȴֻʲôҲûεˡ
ֻǡ𡭡
УֻƵζҡҡλεسա
һҹߡ
*
ϡ
滳ʱѾǽʱˣ˯̫ãıֻʶز˲ձߵͷԺһƬհס
졢ʲôţ
ô˺þãЩйȳļ»صԺ
滳ѳ׵ˣͷһ
ԼЩ룬׾ӡȴƴҪԼԵջǡ
СڹѪзڵľʹʱʧȥԿصĿʪalphaŮ
滳һʱ֪ĸеѿ
alphaŮǸοġһδӻļ䵱и֡
˵ûµġûµģڣ顭
յֱ̣滳ͷСñͷþãҵԼĺΪҲûз
ֹãźȻһ˾ǡ
飿
ǸȻڶ滳һŹĹĵġСɽƵıҲһ¡
alphaŮѾһƿͷϵıӣ״ҪԼļƻ
飬ʲôġ
˵е㾪ζomegaŮͨĶ䡣
滳һֻǾͷ
ʣ㻹ҪԼԼֽͷѽ㲻𣿡
ҵȣȲһԼͷȩ̀ͷֻþ׽
ֻ滳ʵ̫ʵˣһűļһڱ봲֮䣬һԲֻмΪ΢΢š
ֱùͷһι̣Ҳֵĵط
ǣ¿˿ɴͷ۾ܽЦ
飬˵ҪǲĻҾҧŶ
ַomegaŮߵͨĶ⣬ĿȷвζԶ
뵽ԼСһİ˿ҧĴУ滳һЩµʶ̧ۡ
ֻЦڴ߿Բ۾ŵ⡣
ߺߡǵЦֻᲦ˲öĶһݮζ͸һҲҧģ顣
滳Ͷؿţ۾ﾡǺί
Сһ롣ΪʲôҪҧԼ
״Цøˡ
ԼҰ˱ͷѹһƬۼĶͷ
èӡˡûʲô֮ģ
һ仰˲䣬滳ֱ̳壬ֻʶ̧ȥԼӡŲϺ۵Ķͷ
϶϶ܱܿЦֲÿ
Լӡ
ǺҪѯʱˣûеõش
״ֻεؿڶͷϵ֣Ǹָҧҧſڣѽ飬ûµģҪ
ͣ٣룬ž
ܿɰ顣
滳һκ쵽˶⡣
šӦ֪ˡ
״ǲǼߵʹֻǸþһ㣬嵱еľֻʣƣ롣
ͼ´ǰ滳ôΪġ
ŲڵذϵǸ˲䣬滳һֱˤ˵ϣalphaŮӽһι̵ӵ
飬ӱ§ˣ§һߵģʢ˵ǣҪȥģ𣿻ûʲôҪԵʲô𣿻᲻ú緹ҪҪ
ûС滳Щε̾Ҫȥϴ
ม
alphaŮգգ۾顣
Ǵ飬ұȥɣòã
滳һͿڴ۾Ǹģ뱧ȥϴҪϴˢһ
ô
滳̧ᴷһ§Լֱۡ
˵Ҫ衣
Ұ
߳ŭ
һⳡҪҪĴֲ滳ʧصԼҰ˻Ȼ󱻱ա
alphaŮӮˣȴδɫֻǵǣ㻹𣬴飿
㡢滳Ҫ̧ľȴֲңǾֻȻһ£᲻ۣ𣿡
滳˫ǵԲ۾ʱ˳΢ЦȵĴҲţе㲻ˡ
۾ѹǿŵģЦţȴҪˡ滳ҪΪ͸صıζеԾ
滳֪Լʱŵˡ
ǵãԼʹû취alphaŮǺ԰ҩʱ򣬷һֱڵᣬҲŶҪʹ
ԼЩϵĿʹνģȥҲͺˣ㲻ʲô
ֻǣԼҰ飬滳ȻҲеһ߬ˡ
дٴɿѾõı걾ƬȴųһССİ׻
alphaŮȻ뵽
ǲǡӦˣ
ǻƻò㡣ֻǡҪԼһֱ˵ĻԼŮҲ۰ɡ
滳alphaŮãֻ̾˿Ȼȥ
ҧһա
ŴӡomegaŮȷţΪ֤ԼеĲ²СС΢Ц
ݻķơ
ţζġ


103
ȻŴҲ
ġţζл⣬һζļǣСֺͬһ˴ݼ䡣
Ǻӯ೤СġУalphaŮֻḧŪĳصİ⣬һһΡ
ģͺҲı
֡
ȣûӿҡҪȥǵʹຣĺƽ滳ȴȻеһ
ǡĴѩ֮УѩڰѩϣûĽҲۼ
ֻеĵƽ밲ҲֵԼҰůĻĺҪڻһů
ǽalphaŮգȻὫȥԡҡ滳Ǹ§Լ˵ĲֻЩԹŴ
ΪʲôǵˣЩ߲·alphaŮȴûһʪ󷢺Ĵ֮⣬ƽỺ糣ûһ˿Ծ
omegaŮЩ룬´Σ´ΣҲһҪ׵Լ
Ȼϵ˲١ʱʹ滳ʵЩյģԴҲ䲻ر£Ҳøƣ룬ϴʱҲҪϴ̨ܹվȡ
Լݲݳ˸֮ϸɾ˯ȹԡңֱŵɳϲͷڴֿʼ˯
ͣëŷβʱ̲࣬סС飬ô˯ҪҪԵʲôҩ֮ġ
滳ģҡҡͷſһǱԼҰקȥһ緹
һСļã滳Ҳѳ׵ˡڳԵһϸ̧ۿʼհԼϡԼһͻԭʧһalphaŮЩεڣ

ţalphaŮӦ÷ɿ죬󿴲Сβһҡôô飬ʲôҪҪұȥ˯һ㻹ٳһʲôҵļҪҪԣǡ
˫ԲԲ۾ûۣ滳ֱյе㿴嶫΢΢ߣС˵ҡ
alphaŮЩɥΪʲôѽ
ǡ𿴡滳ҲԽԽС֪Ѿ˶䣬һֱţ֡
룬һĲ䣺һֱҳԷҶԲ¶ˡ
ɹȻʮЧûȡalphaŮһӾɥش˲ڵС䣬Ӧá
Դӿʵ̫ˣë޵ġΪ˯ƶ̵ľҲЩȥһͻȻ֪첻ȥɢҲûʳԡûϲߵĿС
滳Ǹë޵ľɥһʱҲЩˡ
ҪԥԥظͷҪȻźˡ
ӴҲŵԷ֮ǰҦԣһЩ߰ĶᵣҲġֻǿѣҲʲô¡԰ɣ

ǣ滳еɵˣܵؿ˷յ⡣
Ǹ㡭㿴ɡ
alphaŮһ̧ͷģ
滳öͨĶ⣬üЦǡҴٿڲĻ飬ٶһ㷹òãȥʢȣ
滳ЩãȻalphaŮŸվɿȥ̨ʢԼǰĵգۼֻɫļȣһӭ˫۾һʱЩ
Ǳƭ
Ե֮˵ʲôҲϴ룬滳ڿȦЩ£ɴƻسſԼİϡ°͸ڶԷֻӱ˲ˡ
ţͽҲЦ⣬ô顣
滳죺붯
İڴڲ֣΢΢ƫͷղķ
ճ극alphaŮ𣿴ȥϢòã
š
滳Ӧһ§ˡ
Ĵèſڼε̾˿̲סЦ
֪顣ӦǴȥɣ
ʧȥϵĹ֮滳ȷһӾ˼ڼʰ֮ɳƽ廭Աߡ飬żҳЩµط
˹֮⣬ûʲôرϲ¿Լʱ䡣
滳ʵóʼǱʼ΢һЩйصֻǱ˿϶ҪˡϾ滳ںۡҪϢǹָϻˣü̡
һˣͻҧΪգԴеκģٱ׵õᣬֻա
ǡĺġ
ӣֻ޲ð鷿е鶼ᵽǰֻҵĴ󲿷飬滳ѾпˣҲûиϲġ
Сʱ飬ڻΪ˼硱ʱԼΪ滳֮󣬶ǡ
ʱС滳ϲˡǡҲϲССԴǻһͷоԼסˣһ߲ʵк͵Ӿͽ
鼮СѧʱǸ¾ɷûж鼮ͼǣѧУͼܣΪԼʱѳεΨһ
滳ϲʫ裬ϲһһд˱ν֣ϲЩһĻԣȥ
յУϻմĨȥľաʪܵļϣɴôմѪԽԽ࣬С滳ȻܹΪЩ顢Щ룬Լʱȳ
źܹӴϵĹԽԽõȨʱҲˡ
滳̾̾Щȵġƣľ̾塣
Ҫ˵ôϲǴҲûеġСʵ뿪ȶĳת滳ҲֻеãȻ
Ҫʲôأ
벻ֻ̧ۣԼˡ
ʣҡڸʲô
alphaŮҲЩ۾ǲ֪ΪʲôҪʡ
գգ۾ϲ£Ƿż飬պʱЩƽʱû£ҪȻ˯һѰ˯̫û᲻᲻ãǡ
滳ʣҿԹ𣿡
Ȼõһⲻ޳ɵСӡ
顭İ飬ֹأôѽֲ㣬ʱ˿ڡ
ɡ
滳򴽣ˡ
֪ʲôģ̫ǴչһĶͷ
飬֮ǾͳȥԼᡣ
Ȼ⣬۾顣
͸һ룬ҪȥʲôطôԼᣬòãϲʲôԣȻǾͰļƻȥԼ
滳ǵͷá
Ȼõһڴϵǡ
¿滳һʱҲˣ鵱壬ҵֽļල¡úܲ˿ڵʰһ֧ʣȻϽ˼ƻ
ԼᡭҪȥ
һţشصĲݸ壬Ȼһų
԰ȪҰ͡ӰԺš
ءǦͷֽҳϵɳɳҲȻͣˣһȵϼ
ȥֻomegaŮԼϡѾ˳ߡ
ǲ԰׵Ϊȶ΢΢պˣ촽Ҳ¶һʪĺ죬űָ仹һ֧ǦʣдֽԼƻ̣ϸػ˵ͼ
ţֻ
롣ôˡ
ֻ΢΢omegaŮȵĶͷӡһοǡ
Сѩ
˵
˯ɡ


104
滳ȱ˯šϸһ̺ƽ廭ҧűʼ⣬żһԼģ˯Ĳ
ɹá
ʱȥƽͶֻпĳѾ滳嵱ȥֻƽĺƽ档
ֱҹʱ֡
ɴƣǱѪӰһ˺ѳ
ЩȳЩʹϯ
ʱ滳ԼҰůڵĻ˯Ȼͬըľʹѡ
Ǹ˲䣬ǰһƬͣžʹ£ֻΪԼѾȥˡֱڶξʹ١
ڣ滳ʱѵġ塢ҧֻԼͣȻ󳢵ڳݼӵζ
ۡ
ȥôۡ
ӿĸ滳ǰڣʹüҪʧȥʶˡ
࣬İ˻ڳذ˯ţֻΪ¶ȵ뿪΢΢üͷһĵǡ
Ҫ
ӣѾ㹻Żˡ
浥alphaŮһ춼ಽظǳСѼһʲôˣƵԲ۾׹ôء
ûalphaŮˡ
šϢصζ̫ŨҲдһ˿Կ
滳ţֻĿǹԼ˵Ĵߣգȥë׹ŵ亹ҧ˴ǿҪ
̫ˡ
ʹڹѪ顢ƴһ顣
Ȳʳǣ滳亹ֻҪˣŲԼҲΪһֿ̡
ġƵ壬ҩ
omegaŮЩ룬֪ôʹ
ͼ´Ǹ˲䣬ʹʱռ־滳첲һֱӵ˴
󣬿ǷŵҹҪϢߵ滳˵ֱһ㡣
ˤڴ̼䣬ֻʶؽӲ˼ͨͨţʹȫռԺܵظһͷ
ϣİˣûΪһ춯
ȻԸΥ
alphaŮ˶ʶԣֻڽ飿
ȥȱˮ
滳ش𣬾ԼƽỺ糣
ڣ۵÷ڵĻȴȻʮƽ
ô˵û£˯ɡ
ûлشomegaŮ֡Լʱ룬ûˡ
Լ״ûбԶ㵽һŵԼİˣԵȴЩҶʹȥ
ֱһ룬и§䡣
滳һһʱûסʹ
§סalphaŮֻڣ𣬴飿
ԼҰأֻȴѲҲ˲Ҫߡ滳ҡͷ
alphaŮʣһǳǣ
滳ǲˣ
滳̽Ȼ۵巢ʶҪϣû
ֻȥǵ亹Ϊش
֮һСС̾ϢƬѩֻǺΪѹһ
ǣ滳עڰĻ谵Ȼ˵ˡ
һɣ飬㡣
çײİ˵
ߣԼһˡ
ͻȻĬomegaŮȫӵͷֽŵ¡
ͷ¶Ⱥֲ̺̣亹Ҳʪھ䣬ֱϴһ
alphaŮô롣
Щ룬˿ȴѳˡֱ壬Լи԰׻㱵omegaŮҵһλá
ȻԼҰ˲Ұ׵Ĵֹ˫ݾܾŰ촽
飬ҧ
С˵ҧƵġҪǺۺ۵ĻҧҾͺˡ
ΪӦomegaŮֻ˴Ťͷܿ֡
ţֻѹޱ
Լôۡ
ﵥ亹죬ΪҵʹŶֻͬ쫷統һƬıë
񻯵úѸ٣ԭܹװģӦĻʹӾ磬ȴգۼʧȥ˻ش
omegaŮֻʧ塢ؼ尾š
ȻҲ˵һԼȥҧԵԼߵ֣ȻŤʵһڼղİο
ĥİӵԼĻʹĲӵҲĹѪ֮С
顭
˵
ڣڡ
ӵomegaŮá
滳ءأס½ǣֻͬһ΢ĳ
㶵Լİˡ
һˡ
գգ۾ᡰžડȻ̡
ءalphaŮţδεص䣬ء顪
ǡǲˣ˺òá
ֻͬһţԼİӵø
ǲˣ㲻Ҫأ滳㲻ҪôۡҪ
޵ú׺ףֻٲȻͬٲһ䣬Զomega˿޵ûҪࡣ
°׹£滳ļϡеomegaŮƺȴӻ統лǣ΢΢˶еʪ⡣

ֻǿޡֻǺۺۣҲҪˣȻȴ޷İ˾Щɲľʹ
ءalphaŮţҪôۡ
ȻһġͬѩƮһ

İ˵ȻԼȶĻ䣬ͷļϣӿ
ڻ谵ġҹĴ齼䣬ӵ·˴˵ºܹοҲпʹ
滳˯ȥˡ
УԼҰ˵һֻ½ǣҡҡλΡ𣬳˰ƽա
*
Ǹ֮滳״̬һֱãȻգֻǾҲģôҲѲ
ȥлҽҲһûʲôõҩЩʹ
ڴϱűʼǱǻ滳ʱǿĨᣬ˵ԼȥԼ£ֻõalphaŮСһίĵӡ
룬ֻû취סԼҰ˵֡۾޺ˣСһ
һѹʱİȴߣ滳Ժתţűϳеζ㣿
ȡʣոճ¯һ
滳ǳԼ˯ȹ߳ҡ
alphaŮȻڳ決ģһ׷һߣģմţǼģֻĨᡣ
滳ţֻĵѹ
߹ȥιסԼҰ˵½ǡ

С˵
ٿޣɺε
ȻİתһƲ죬һᡰžડˡеģӳӰԲԲ۾ִ¶
ʲô
滳еЦ
ֻǱȥԼǸġʿζĻȻֲ䡣
˵һɣ


105
Ҫһ𣿡
alphaŮӣ۱ĨˣԲ۾һʢ˿Ͱ͵ĵǡ
ǣ飬᲻᲻
Ǳȥǣ滳ֵģֻԼմۣȥ滳ɴָֻúǿش֡
滳ҡͷ
Ҿûá
𣿡alphaŮԲ̫ģֲ㣬Ϳ΢΢öͷȥ滳£šȰ
İûѪɫϣ˿ȻΪȶĨ̬̺죬촽Ҳյúܺ죬ʪˮ⡣
ǲƯһЩʾŵġԷ˿յʹ࣬һᣬ־úޡ
滳ֻ̧֣˲ĨһŻա
ȶȲգգգ۾ëϱһ顣
ͻȻģŽëһģᣬôԼİˣ滳Цˡ

omegaŮЦˣǵȥ
ҾúЩˡû֮ǰôۡ
滳˵ţԼҰ˫׹˵ǵ۾䣬ҡһֱ˯ĻҲϾ˯ˡ
ô˵ҪҹĻ˯ţܵġ
˵ȻסalphaŮԲԲ۾һúֻܴæͷӦǿǣһ˯Ŷ飬΢˯ܾһġ
еİƷֿ滳飺
һƷ뿾ݷֽ⿴Ǳһ̸տСɣҪҪպûû˪飬ҪҪһ˪ԣ
滳Ǿͱڽİ˼˵˲ǰճ¯СǱرؼһڿ̵֡
ﾡͺʺ濾ıζúҪ֯ƶ
飬alphaŮѻһǿҪǲһҪ˵ŶҲǣ飬ǧҪ˿ڣҪȻ
滳ű̵Щ״е㱿׾СɣԼҰ˫͸۾ʣҪȻ
ҪҪȻĻ
ţalphaŮеŵģҲˡ
˵ţԽԽСҡҾ
ܵĽӴҲйģalphaŮçײִ󵨣ǵʱżҲסȻȴҲȻΪĻɺƻһ
ÿɰ滳롣ֻúԼɿݲ԰׵ĵҲҡҡλεءһƻǳ׻
ǣĿalphaŮʪӨĴƬֻ̣ιס˶ԷڣȻ˵
ǡҲŪԼҲȷ𣿡
ԣֻ㶵һӸˡ
omegaŮˣ
ȻȻõһζǡ
̵ġĲˣǴγ΢һŨȻꡣ
ظĳƹͷѹȳеÿҹһ
alphaŮǱֻͯ
ֻɫġСůڵСë֦Ҷ׺СǶĻ֦ڲնĿ
ĳһСԵĽɫ΢硣
ǣ滳࣬ǡ顢顢顱һš
omegaŮ۾ԼǳǸ졣
*
ô˺һֻʼ֡ƴˡalphaŮһŻææ鷿ԼƼ
ĺܽЩԼϢֻ̼滳Ƴйе壬˸ڻصʱ󾱵½ʪģǱʪˮۡ
ǣеվš򾲵غź󾱺ͶŪݷ絰⣬滳ſԣ˪һֻһֻװαɡ
ֲر𷽱㣬ҲóЩմߵļɣֻܽЩװΣֲɫ˪Լݲݵ̿С״ıϡ
ʵҪȥҲǿԵģֻһ»Ҫǣָϵˡ
滳ԼνЩСʹ˵ûʲôϵȻһֳ˿ڡѪɴϱİ˿϶Ҫѹ
ǵЩᣬͬڻıһ㣬ڼ̵þˣϵʹ໹ҪʹҲΪ
ˡ滳룬ٿޣalphaŮҪɺ۾Сˡ
ֻǣomegaŮٻЩƵġոǸǣýôͻأֲֻټӰ壬ݲݵֹˡ
滳ڱɱѻǳɫ˪һֻȴ֪ظԼĴ꣬Ħ
һȣȻȴֻһ㣬ϵļį˵ȴѩû󺣵ĲգۼڻٲӰ
Լġ
һʱЩ񣬶alphaŮʱҲպûعͷ鿴״
飬Щؽˣţ㻹оôûв֮ġ
滳
Ŀʵ̫ǵùˣЩǳֱҪʵʻһʪġ
ֻҪ΢΢һͷ˵Լʲô΢СĲܹȻ滳ᱧشȥ
ûС滳̷ֻϣҾûá
𣿡İգգ۾ȻЩ̫ţ飬㲻ҪƭŶ
ǸҹȴҪԼ㵽һ䷿·֮Ⱥˣڹغϡ
滳ЩΣֻϾҲܣֻ̾˿ȻԼΪ̾ŵİˣ
alphaŮܹߣںСô顣
Ȼζǳɫ˪˱Ǽ⡣
סˡ

ͷԼģʵ̫һֻմ͵ĶСëˣ滳һʱûסЦ
ǣ滳ֻСתһԵĻƿȻһͷԵСָԼҰ˿
omegaŮ˵Ȼļձ߲һ˪
ɹè۾︡ǳĽЦ΢΢˶Ķ䣬βɵҡҡ
˺ð죬šۡؿһ˹ȥ׽һֻѻ
ִϣ滳һֱⲻУȴƫƫֺϲһιȻҲܿ챻еϲ˪϶ˡ
ϣalphaŮԼİˣֻЩЦ
ߺߡ
ЦҲԼҰ˱ǼѻһСزһ˪
飬Ӯ
գԼİһչȥ˳omegaŮڴϵ˪ζֿʱССġ࣡һ
Ȼ𱡺ζ˪
滳Ծ˶⣺

alphaŮЦ
ϲϲ滳˫ƽ䵭ңԶͬ¹ĺ۾˿ˮʣΪ͸ոյĴֶ糺һʱȥ̬ɫҲԵûöǼϻմһ˪
ֻǸеƤְСŮңԶɼֻ䵭̰ͬǸСˡ
룬ֻסԼҰ˵֣ȥֳ˪ζ
ͷաǼ⣬Ȼ˫Щڴ΢΢ҧסʪط˫

ԣŲ滳ǿ˵ˣöԷǰճתĻ
Щ󣬲֪ԼҪʲôãȻʧ룬ֻΪԷûЩѡ
Ϊ滳ѧ˺ԼġԼԲƴʹĻЩһУ˪ѩԼĲ
omegaŮҧƷ˪ζֻ۾ʪܵιס䡣

˫ʪĺ۾Ȼȥǡ
СѩalphaŮ˵ҵѩ
ȻôĿѣȴûϨ
ֻȴĳ죬ıѩͻῪʼڻˡ
ʪһӯСѩ
룬Ȼ󳢵ѩζ
ԼģֻԼѩ
*
ô˺һӣǲһȥԡҰϺ̵˪ɾԼİϴ˳Ȼ󴵸ɣ滳Լɳȶȣе㿪ʼ˯
ֻǣ֮ǰס˯̫࣬۵ʱܡȻȫ˵alphaŮ§ļȷ״֮ȴڻȥ˯
ԼڵĿֻԼèûа취ֻñصſԱ߿´õ˪װαɡȴĵ¯
˵֣alphaŮָħһ
б׾ֲɿصѻУٲȻͱø˪ͬͲһ㣬ڱػָͼ
ͷѻ滳ſԼֱ̧ӳű״ġɫë΢ţ촽ҲǸȥ
ȥǸ֣СһǵСһҲˣ·һһ
滳һʱóalphaŮ˱ɡ̧ԼЦҲûзֱ飿

omegaŮһʶһ
ŷԼǿԣʱ˶䣬еŵ𣬡ôˡ
ʲôġЦժף˲գô񡣡
滳Żææܿߣ͸ˡ
ڣalphaŮûзӣֻЦǸƷıƸ
ٺ٣顣ЦСһֵӣǲǺ񣿡
ֱߣȻһèèͷ״ıɣܾĵ˪ɫ룬׵׵ëصɫϸɫ˪ԲԲ۾䵭ֲ̫
ֻèèɵߣֻǺܵؿЦݲãβҲҡҡһ
滳ǿɣ̡
ΪԼİڵʲôĴôרעֹƽʱһ
ڻֻúè
滳ţ˿ûԼѾȫˡԼֻè񡱵趨
Ҳû
룬˵ɡ
ɵİ˾ͺź飬㲻ϲ𣿡
ûвϲ
滳ߣ˵ûС
仰׽alphaŮһ˸߲װûӣֻǴչȥʣţ˵ʲôѽ飬û
飬飬ظһҸոû
滳ʵպգ̧֣ҧ촽ᴷһ¡
еװͰ͵ô˵Ҫԡ
״Цѽ
滳èԲ۾֣ԼҰҪѻ
ҲҪ㡣
ôֻСֽסѻȻСļһ˪һסСɵ
*
ֽ⿾Ҳ൱Ȼ΢΢Щ˿ڡǽ̳ͼƬô£ڳѧ˵ȴɿɳƵϼΪˣζҲܺãûаֿڸС
ɷнµò͵˪ѻ֪ĻΪҪȥμʲôʳ̴滳ſڲһͷӷõ͵͵ģҲ˪ٲȻ˶һɡ
ճƷͱɺƯذ³巢ȦȻСèСͷд
ºܿðۣǵʱǵѡ
Echo_ôζɩ
Echo_СҸ[][]
ġͻأȷʵҸ
ôذգֻԼҰ۾Ц
顣ЦҲ˵Ļá
滳˵ɣԼȴҲ͵͵һöɵĺա
˪װˮɿڵ⿴ʵˣ䣬滳յûʲôθڣҲ˺ü
Եеֲ࣬Ų߶ɴһѽɳθ
Ҳû滳ڻͼֲè
ȻͱalphaŮסƾܵ֡
ϲգҪҶ飬ٵɳˡ
Чľֻθడ࣬ûٲصʲôطȥҲֻԷȥˡ
ôԼҰ˻һomegaŮ־Щ롣ůڵİѾɵޱ߼ʵ
룬ȵһжԺ󣬾Ϳ԰ɵıƬͷ񡭡
Ȼ𶯵һͨ硣
滳˿ʾalphaŮʾ⣺ͨ
ֹؿôǹǷˣס䣬ЩɵرʾԼ϶
滳εЦ֣߽ȥ硣
һͨ϶µ磬壬޶ۣһǸɽȵġ
滳ʾ֣Ȼᰴϡ
鿴ϢѡŻظȥɫƽ糣ȾЩСӵʻ۾ȴִųŪġɭɭķЦ
滳֪ΪʲôûгţȻǸġѻϢӡ֤Ʋ⡣
ʽͶҵϵĴ鷳ûʼŲȥˡ
ӴɭϵľˣȻÿһնȻֻ׹˿֮ϣǣһȫ
ɽʱ϶ϵĳΣ滳֮ҪӼ
ɽǷԽߣȷлΪԼһ˿·滳ǶͽǵĶͽ
ǰߣȻȴûܹ̳λáΪǸλõʱ̣滳£㹻ȨϵһˣŽءһͣȻȱҪ
ⲻȷ˵Ĺ˾ӦΪһ˵ĴƫƹȻ滳ȴҪô
ȴʱ̡ǸǱҪȥ
滳ᡣֻԼǣвġȾһȫ̤ࡣ
omegaŮԼֻĻӳڵı۵ס
ȻЦˡ
ʧҵʱ䣬պԼİڼɹһȳȵʹȥҲ洦һвоֵʱ
ʱͿԹػǸͷվ£õİ˲עκκڰ
ȵʱ򡪡
滳һָʾйƱϢ㰵Ļֻ
ڡġ
omegaŮҡҡͷЩһθľʱ䰴¡
룬֮ǰ졪ǾȥԼɣ


106
Լᵱա
ȳϿĲ״𽥴omegaŮȥ׺תĵڶ죬ǱȥԼᡣ
滳ļƻվصȥɽϹᣬͻϵʱһ̻
滳ѼƻˣһʽݣԼдСһҪϲĻ޶Լ·
ǰѴùСӻԼҰ˺Ͻƻ顢ֽõճƷԼĺ۾¶ֺܺĵЩε̾չȥԼİˡ
飬С˵ҧҧ˫촽ôôɰѽ
omegaŮ׵еκģȻһ˿𽥻ع򴽣ؾܾ
ҪףҺġ
ôǿʾеļƻ飬ԼȴԻ糺Ŷ⡣
ҪȷԼƻ滳˵㿴ݼƻ飬ûʲô
ôϽģȴô
ŲءǣalphaŮ˵Ҫס
˵գȥƷ˫ʪܵĺԼҰ˷Ļ̽˴ݼ䡣
ôãСܳ׻è䡣
滳ǸƲ֣ȵֻʱյ䶼ˡ
һۣԼŶܽ˷䡣
мƻдʱ䣬ʣһ·飿
ȻջһƵĻӦš
Цȱ£ţ۾䡣
·úܿ죬ҲûʲôɴģΨԼͷʱЩ˼ȥƷЩС
ȻҵʵλãԼҰ͵ë޷СϡڷȦ֮俨á
͸ǵǶԷɫһöСһ˱ǰϡ
žԼὫϵķãЦ
ֻǣһֱٵ滳Ҳ԰ԼöûгѾʰõſűߣſɵ
飿
̽ͷ̽Եضȹŵţһʡ
飿㻹ûʲô֮ģ᲻ˣҪˮ㲻ĻҪҪȥȥ㵹ˮ
Ȼſˡ
һС죬ľܾдҪ
มӦȻʣǴ飬ʲôҪҵûб֮ҪҰæǲֲ̫㣬ʲôġ
ûܹͺ䣬žͱˣͷǸӰԥƬ̣߳˷ڸǵһСƬӰ
Ȼסˡ
omegaŮվָȹڣֻЩڵ΢΢üĿ
Ȼԥʣ𣿡
Ȼ㶵ؿ۾Ҳûգ
ǵһο滳ȹ
֮ǰʱװʱ滳ҲƵķ񣬳ͳ㣬żỻɳȹȻҲԱַ񣬲ϱ¶ļ񾡹̺ܰǵȥˣҲȻϰˡ
ֻһϰȥϵ;ĿҪˡ
Ȼڵ滳ȴһȹֺġĲϣǳɫŵĻƣӯǻһ㡣ҲԵú
ȹϸƯߣԵomegaŮ¶ֱСȵļ԰׵ø͸һֻ׹ϸϸ
滳ɢ˳ֻзβ΢΢žһСɫʯķŹ
ԼϡȴٳûпڣôԼϰߵŵomegaŮ
ָȹϵĲϣһȥѪɫɫúһҪһ
滳ѯʣҪǲʵĻҡ
顣
ڿڡ
ԼҰˣֻҲÿҪһе޻ǡ
ȻalphaŮ˵ЦǺСһ۾顣
ôôɰѽ
滳ЩãȻ򴽣֪ôӦˡ

ȥֻḧµĳȻ˫촽ӡһССǣƶǹһֻ
ôɰôƯ
ԼҰ˵ĴૣֻƬҲȾϼ죬ţomegaŮⷺ
滳Щģֻҡ
顣
ֻḧĳԼİ˴һӡǣҪȥЩѹѾõĻԱֻƯʺʪɫ
ĺƯҲôૣοԼҰˣ滳ĺ
滳ǵεģֻĻϸ¶ӵ
ãomegaŮκͷźȻ˹ڼƻͷ
ֱۣʱ䡭
alphaŮЩģ壺ʲô
滳˵óˡǣ
ֱֻ֮̽䡣
ҪֻؼԼİٴһ
ǣ˺һalphaŮԼҰ˳Ϊƻƶ֮ǰſ
ԼҰΪ˶šȻȴʪ׵Ĵ߰ɣ顣
滳Ͳ˵һۣûʲôɱèһ
ЦչȥԷֱۣܻܿҵ׸
Ҫѽ顣˵һ˳ԷոǸŪһҵĳˡ
滳ͽӹ״ϣš
һܹȥָϵҲ˲٣ٰʲôˣʱ˱ֻмֻȻŴָԳ˵ĲѪɫ
ľܣֻʰֻ֣ڴǣȻǣ
顣۾ЦžǣֲӰװ
滳Ҳ˳ȥ
ԼСװıͬɫȹɫҲƣǵġһɫϵгɶԵķֻ
Ĩ˴࣬ΪҲͿʱǵ촽ҲƵɫ
ھУǣֲģֻȷһޱȵǶԵ¡
alphaŮ۾ֻСЦ
飬˵ǲǺܰ䣿
滳ھеӰ
˽յ֣˿ޱġȴҲᶨİȶ
š
˵
䡣


107
ԼĵһҪʲô
Ҫ滳ôһϸƶõԼƻذʱÿһ̣öԷܹҸʡ
ܴӳʱʼǾΪűǶùеĻʱ䣬˵һȥɽϵ³
Ҫ˵ô𰸾ͺܼ򵥣
ǣ֡
ʮĩոպʺǣֵ
Ȳ̫ȣȵƫ͵èһǣϾʹ̫˳Ҳ̫䣬䵽ôף˾û취
³ϵ˲࣬ǲһŵλãƿŷ硣滳ϡ۾ķ羰˵ϥǣһ
alphaŮǣԼ˵֣üۼųһССЦݡ
滳ֺܺǣûʲô⣬ȴģֻΪƽдñʶڼָڴűļ롣Ȼ޳ֻȴ̫ϸˣܱס
µͣҲģֻһҪԼڻ
Ȼǣãİȴûڻֻ΢ָҲȾ£Ҳ
Ҳгɾ͸еЦ
飬СˣÿɰŶ
滳Щؿһۣ޽⣬Ŷȥˡ
ĺÿɰ
һӱģǻһֻžصײҷɣֻú
Ͼǹϣû취ֵ̫ܣalphaŮֻ΢΢ԼղԼҰ˵ķȻСرܿ˵ָףսֻ֡
á
̲ס롣ץס
յ㣬ɽ·ĵһƬӲӣ΢ƿĴз˿ߡ˱˴ǣ֣һжõǡôҲ˽Եġ۵ķ佬źʡ
һ̣ǿʲôȥˣûвпѰȳİ˺ۣҲûomegaŮġ̲ʹǶιȥʲôҲûУֻˡ
Ϊϴ滳̧ۿײ۾
Сʣôˣ
ֻЦǣ֡
omegaŮЩãȻҲֻסԼҰ˵֣Ȼµһλã̽ͷԼҰ˾䡢ٶˡ
ģֻèһֹֽΪƶǰɫѶĺ
㡣
ֵġϴ¶õһţζ
omegaŮ˵õϴ¶ԡҺζ̫ɣȻԼʱȴҲܳʵϴԡװȥ
ڣ˾һζеϢ
룬ǲȥԼʲôᡢʲôֻǣ֣Ҳܺúܺá
ôһֱǣ֣ǵĿĵأ绹ֵʱ̯λûдҲرࡣ
滳ļƻǱӦȥߵɽкƯտҲֻǸոһ³СԵζʹӲԶƮ
飬alphaŮЦ룬һȥɣ
滳ûü飬㱻һܹšСԽȥ
Ǻܿõһʳ¯СӣͷҵһƬ˵ͷͷо
СǩһֻСƣڵһӿһὫֻСҪιԼİˡ
飬ֲɡô˵ü䣬Сһʾſڣ
滳̧
ֻ᲻㣬Ϊǣָּ֣׻̫
alphaŮƲ֪ʲôһֻͷ޹ؿԲ۾ġ
飿ˣ
滳򴽣糺һƬ΢΢ҧһֻСӡ
Ũζڴӡ
Сӻ΢е̣һھֱӳµģomegaŮޱߵĳѴҡҡλεؾҪʳԼûע⣬֣ĳ˷ţȥò͡
ôü̵һֻӣ滳ֱιһں̦ͲƬùĹҵġ
̧ԼҰ˵ЩʲôֻչĹĵģȴʵ̫ɰ̲סЦ
顣ЦţƳ˳صԼҰޱߣֻСѽ󡣡
滳͵
ûС
ĵֻġҪԼյ֣ô롣
ôԵһգҧһֻСӣʳ³³Ҫ˵
飬ңǸ
alphaŮЩȥȻЦڡ
ȥģɹҪҪһûʲôԵģȥ򡪡
滳ԼİǵЦݡ
ЩʱɿᣬalphaŮǸСһЦ棬ɫ۾ӳõ⣬ǻմһĺ̦顣
滳εָָ̾ԼǣʾԷ
ʲôѽalphaŮе󣬴չ飬Ҫ𣿿ǹϰǻȥ١
ʲʲô
滳һӺ͸ˡ
һû˵ϵĻֻ֡ȥԼҰ˴ߵһСƬ̦
ЩװͰ͵ذָĺ̦
ŶŶ
alphaŮûüͷͿָһСƬֱ̦ӳԵˡ⿴΢ֻ꣬һʪܵĺۼָ⡭
滳Եֻ̧̦ۣԼҰվǣƻһһֱ쵽˶⡣
Щ󣺡
ҡңǸalphaŮյͨ죬æҵӦ޲һҪˣȥĳԵģ飬ʲôҪģҡ
滳ӹֵ
ǣ˵ˮɡ
ðɿӦھȥˣ飬һʲôʹҵ绰
Ŷ䣬ҲƵķɱˣӰܿʧ˽ֵС
滳ԼҰ˵ӰãɫЦһȥгһȻ
ߵˮҪźܾõĶӣˮĵҪ󣬵Щңôġ
룬ǲȡֻᰴһϢȥ
ŰӺһӰŴŵһͷ֣Ҵææϵǰ
ǸŮˡòˣֻǸһЩ毺һñǿ׿˵İƣ˫߸Ь˿̵ȴЩǱױҲЩˡ
ġ㡱Ůbetaɽ˻ΨһŮ
桢滳
Ϊô滳һԸˣŮԥſڣϸһεġǿֺЦݣ
ãԸ㣬ʵ̫ˡ
Լļ壬ǽҪԵԼ϶ѰģȻȴһ㶼ʺǸֺ飬ֻԵͬľżһӲŹ֡
ողԼݱԱʵڲô
滳룬Ȥؽߴ˫ʺ촽Ų
ر⡣
ģalpha̸¡գŮơ
ʹ֮ȷʵһ˿Ļ
ǣôôأ
̫̫ǣ滳ֻڣƽ䵭ƺԼλѪ׷ҵϣûҪ˵Щ
ָŪԼ׹ȱȱɨӲվŵŮˡ
˵ɣܴʲô
*
һ࣬ˮŶӣŲùֵ⣬۾ţѰһԿǵСԵꡣ
̫̫ɹˡ롣
ҪǡôһĻôĴ˵ɣ
ͷǺܿ⡣
Ǿñȥˡ
պոܹʱпһèĿñ϶ʺԼİˡ
ţֱڴеֻȻ
һʾɫ첻Ծһɨա
Ҧԣ


108
Ҧԣ
alphaŮ۾鿴ֻʾʱ䣬ԼŲ̫ȥǽһͨ
ཡһ
ҦԣЩЦ⣺
ܼпһӴҸֲ
˵˵֮󣬷ԣҩ۶ֵ¡㲻Ϻһ㣬ֻҦԣûalphaŮһ£ûӷӵıҲǳһ
żɽʲô
ͨͷһЦ
Ҧԣ̾СܲϽӵ绰ֻôˡ
ζֻǽ滳һƯȤŪһ
ЩڹȥƬһӸǰ
ԾҧֻҦԣһֱɧ
ǸİǼӣȾųӲͷŭֻֻŭյʢδԼʲôӡ
ʲôɧŰô
ͨһͷalphaŮ˶٣Ŵ
ֻһЩϵ¶ѣô˵йصģƫƫС±չˣ˭ϵϢѲ֡
ʣʲôϢ
Ҧԣӵ绰Ҷ˵
ܡ˵Ҳɧ
ͨһͷʹź̾
ðɣϧ
Ҧԣװģ̾˼һתôܼ벻ûиЩ£ϢϢصЩĲ𣿡
Ҫûʲô£Ҿ͹ˡ𣬡Ҫ֪ģһԼҡ
Ҧԣ㶣Цһ
ܼЩ˲һֲ滳ôϲ㡣
ô˵
ϧеʱû취סߵˡ
綼ַˣεܾ߳⣬ҵ߱ףʽɼ۶ҪͣˡЩİˣΪʼٸߣָ˶أʲô֪𣿡
ΪЩԩģȥҦԣġǼ𣿼滳Ըѡңȴϲ㣿
ֻŭʹһȻ£ҦԣǱȴسĬŴһŵЦ
ңҼʡҲǵĶѣܼ౻ڹﰡ
ҦԣûЦ⣬ҲʧȥЩĽΣɭɭģֻǱ˵ˡ
ܼ໹šľΪԶߣ
ʲô˼ʣҲǶ֡Ҧԣ㾡ҪǸ˵
ǶalphaŮЦ˭ܶ˲Сֻܰ࡭ܼԼİˡֻǣ֪ʲô𣿡
ġЩƻɿalphaŮ˵ĴûкʱΪʲôһֱߣôᡢô𣿡
ƶ㼵ˣҦԣ
Ǹƻĵһӿ˿ǣû˵
ǣ滳ǶҺܺúᰡ
ãalphaŮ͹װģ̾˿
ϾϲҲϲҦԣôѽ
ͨһͣ˺һȻҲ⻹ⲻΪҭסˡΣalphaŮ˼߳ŭ´
ãã
Цˡ
Ȼȵ滳ȥ;죬ǧҪڣ
*
ҶֵֹʱѾռȥ˺þãҴææԼҰ˵ҪˮСԸϻȥֻԼص̫ԼҰֲġ
ϴΡڵӰԺǵһԼ죬Ҳ
֪ԼҰĵкܴ󡢺ܴһնǸеǴƯĲһһĻͻˤҲ˵
ЩġԼ
֪ģЩжôпضԴԼİˣҦԣֶôǶ滳á˵ĻһҲȥŵġ
ֻǡֻǡ
šЩ£İ˸ԼʧҵˡССļʱУϵЩ£ȷʵһ㲻֪ġ
֪ԼİжŶֶԣһֵֻΪ˲ŪȨĶһ滳ôϡ
Щ¡û滳ûйϵ
̫£滳ûи߹ˡ
alphaŮţԾսָ·ϽӲӵεòɵ۾
ȥʱŲûСһڸϻˣȴ𽥱ó
̫ˡ
Ҳٳʶ
ԼҰǰһж棬ֻǵļһССġ޵һĵ죬ûҪֵͬһС
Ǿ̫𣿾Լһеİû취վߣ硭
룬ֻҲһ
˭أ
Ǹڸʱˣ˼СǸ˾Ϳ
ԲԲԡҡͷͼͷԼԺ˦ȥŲô롣
ҪˣҦԣǸһ»
ʲô֮ģİ˵ԸֻǱвȵĶѡҪͬԵս
ôۣѹĵĹǺͲֻǼӿ˽Ųϻűߡ
İֻǹߴţȴ
׵ıȹӵȹͬһ滳СϣΪĴҡţһֻ׸ĳɢųβϸ԰׵ĲԵ˵͸
滳ĺ۾þͬ亮ҹ͸ֻӳŹεģ
İʵ̫Ưˣ˶͸ĵһ·˶ֹסҪפ㡣滳ֻǶԴ˺޲صȴ
һ̣һӾˣؼҪһ
ôƯˣȴôԱ䵭ңԶòˣȴΪǵԼصػһȹӡ
ôôɰ
룬޴һʱǹĵײŵЩȥԼҰǰ
飡Цڳһͷ£ĿСһߣǲǵȺܾˮ˺ö࣬ҲСľŵ̫ˣȵʱ̫ǸŶ
滳ҡͷ
ûеġô˵ӹˮڻȻֻ֣ιסalphaŮڡ
ţǣ̧ô顣
omegaŮûлشֻǱ֣ȻļϿ
߸ֻԼҰ˵ɫһ룬èһϲ˲䣬Ȼ㲻ٶˣϸҲģ§һֻߡ
ܵͷµļŲЩ˵ڣҪ
ãáͺû취شӦԼİˣҪ㲻𣬴飿
omegaŮͺģͷֲ˲䣬
ˣôõĶӡ죬еۡһ
𣿡ԣһӽҪȥ£ǲȳû飬㻹ûʲôĲ᲻ա
һҰҲֻҡͷ˵Լû£ͰñϣȻһŮա
滳èһССز˲ָ
滳ֻܿõ
顣
С˵
ôôɰѽ
omegaŮֻǱ֣һ۾
飬飬ȵһϢˣǾȥòãȥһ䣬Ͽ̻
ر˴˿ţ滳ᱧ֡
ֱһ̶ȻһԵȺըеӰǳ
Ұ֣Ҹó㣡
ŮЪ˹ؼţֻеʲôomegaŮĶͷ
滳㲻ú


109
ܡ롱վֵ̧
صײһʹƵڵءȦ
Ͷȥſһȭͷʯܷ˿̱ԵմЩѪ
ʯͷʹıԼҰ˶ͷϣβҵ˿ڡ
飬ᰴ˰ԼҰ˵ļ򣬰û£¡ȥ
µļ΢΢һ£omegaŮ̧ͷѪɫֻЩһһˡ
һ޴ŭȥ·ž޴󾪿ְ㽩ԭصŮ˿סȺק
㡢㡭
Ů˻ڷţѾױϽëױˮüЩңȻš
滳СҰ֣ǣǸѪáá
졣вս֣ǵžʱҷһ㡣
ŮţȻڶĸ̫̫ȴ֧첲ϵ񼸺Щʵתţſ滳Ųϡ
㣬İˣСҰֵġˡ
˵ŵЦ˼ЦЦһ㣬
ҲᰮˣСŮ֪ߵʲôεİǣˣһĶߣ
Ůţ׸Ͳþ㣬ðؼңӦǸ꾫һýص
Ťסֱۣ͵ذ˵ϣʹʱͷ亹ſû취˵Ļ
Ҫٸ³һ֡ԾͬǯһŤøûôˡ
omegaŮֻҡҡͷȻվŲߵŮǰ
ۡڣˣʹ𡣡
˵֣Ů޼ɵȻ滳Ǹ˲䣬ȴʱ佩Ӳ壬ŤֱֻۣеµѾ˶
ӣǴӹ־ǰomegaŮ˸߸ϡмһˡ
ʹˣܺð
滳ֻԼλֵһǽѪ׽㣬۾ֿණӶ䵭ɡ
̫̫ǹ̫ˣ˵ЩȱɣûϵǺܿͻ֪ˡ
ۻǾһ£͵̧ͷ
滳ܣá
Ъ˹ţɫ߻һţˮݺᡣʱ˿̣ѲκΰֻƴҪͷǰԼҲġʧܵomegaһ棬Ҫʧȥϰߵ䳾
ˣ㣬滳ǡļ˰Ǹװڵӣ׸ϣ㡢㣬ģҪǵˣ϶Ҳùͻɣܣãǡǿ԰һж㡪
ϡ滳ֻǵΪʲôҪ
Щ͵̧ߣЩʧȥ¡
ˣ̫̫뿪ˡ滳ô˵䵭ƽ·˵ֻһͨС£ȥǣľһ˿ԣҾǰ
͵̧ͷĿѣomegaŮֻȤŲߣԼߡ
滳۰ţȼҵȴοԭأ޷κηҪҪ㲻Ҫ㣬㡪
滳ֻʮһ¼
Ůһз׶סˡ
ӲǣＸ͸¶һһĲҰףȻҪ˹ļޡ
Ȼ滳߸ϵȻһӵȥȻʧ
գɿ֣ʧǵֻͬҰ׵Ĺһ߿ˡ
Ů뿪ֵȺҲ֮ɢȥȻǵԼȴ񳹵ױٵˣվһʱЩ޴Լˡ
Ů˵뿪滳ЩңԶɭȻƺһӾɢˡ
һֱԭǸԱֲСŮ۾ΪÿһŵÿҪƫƫȴҪܿߡ
˫Եյָڷףֻ˾è䣬һҪһ
飿ŻѾˣûϵˣòãû˵
滳ֻվߣûоܾĿȴҲûдӦ˼
һʱЩΣԼβİˣȻ⡣
飬ֺŶô˵̧ԼΪ˵ʯƵ֣ЩͰ͵ģ㿴Ѫˣ֡ҪҪҴһ£
һ˵Ȼú޲ðͷomegaŮһ̧ͷ
ȻֻǱܿߣֻ˵ֺһȻƵȥ̨ҩ䡣
ѽ󣬡һ顣
գ滳ǣͷȥҷ̨ҩ
ڴ˸λã滳ҧ촽ϴ˿ڡ
ոһײЩأʯͷܷٶֿ飬ʱΪûоһ侲ŷһܳ˿بֱƤⷭЩʹ
ֵÿһ㡢ԼҰ˷ַģֻȴֲҡϾ滳ڿȥһֻǴͷ˫۾ӳŷѪɫĸˣҡҡ׹һ㡣
񡪡ֻҪ˵һۣҪĿ޳ˡ
Ǹ鿴ĵѹֻ̧֣ԼҰ˵ķ
飬Сˣⲻû
omegaŮһ٣ȻƵģ𶯡
ѽûµ飬ʲôġûҸոҾҳ˧ġ˶ˣ֮ҪҪȥҴѽҺþûˣ˵òá
滳ֻЩίһ򴽣
Բ𡭡
omegaŮǣ֣ȻҲԸ֣ƮƮģһӾͿԷ
Բ𡣡
Ҳֻ˵֡
ǣѾԼˣҪȴҲڴԼİܹסһ
ǡ뵽ѵǾáֻΪЩ£ΪǸˣԼͻҪ뿪
ͷ̵ظͬһɬһ
һʱ䣬ǺȻʲôҲˡϡǸŮˡʲô
ֻǺ롢Լİˡ
ϸǡӵǣĨȥomegaŮĲЩնءһ
ʰԼҰ˵֣ڴӡһǡ
ǵζģһࡣᵽ
Щ¡ҲҪվԼҰߣһֵ
顣alphaŮֻЦ飬ѹȵ괴ǼԼɣ


110
Լҵİ״̬ʵ̫䣬ֻҪԼᣬר־غˡ
˲ָ̫࣬պڽ滳ͷСذֱϵ˿ڣССضԼЦ
顣˵ţҪͿһ㣬΢Цһ£òã㿴϶Թƿˣ
ЩŵѧԼҰ˵ģ죬ָϱȻһ´ĻȣȻҪȥomegaŮ̫ĵĴ꣬һۡ
ðɣðɣֻôӦǴ飬Ҹ㽲Цòã
˵ţţǰһֻɭϲȻһֻСáСãëСþ˵Ҳѽ飬Ҹѽ
omegaŮֻڵ˿ڵ˵
ðɣЦ𣿡ͼ˵ҼŶڶ죬ɭԷûֽͣʱһֻûβ͵С󡣹СëС˵ҲͰС졣ʱС˵ҾֻСѽ
ԼˣԼЦԼһӣԼҰûҲ¶Цݻе⡣
ô飬Ǵսһȥ滳۾Ц𣿻˵㲻ϲЦѽٸ㽲ģѽѽѽѽ飬ôִҡ
omegaŮҧ촽ִֻһ¡
㡢ССģ
ʲôеͷǽЦЦϴνèĲɫƬЦҲûЦ飬ľúܺЦѽָˡ
סԼ˴֣СһСơ
»˹ûעߣɴཫֻǣȻӡһССǡ
顣ЦҪպŶ
omegaŮڵ۾ˮΪոյնźΡȻԻ˵ǣȴѾȸոյģ̫ˣǸҡҡ׹Ĳ񣬶ٲȻŮ
С˵ɹ
Ц㲻ϲ
omegaŮͱˡƫƫֱǣţ»ֱϵˣèèȭҲܹˣֻܺɱ˫ˮʵĺ۾ȥˡ
Ҳϲ㣬顣۾ӦЦһЦôģҪɼӷèˣţ
ǵv͡һĵè
ҲûС
alphaŮ־Ѿ䵽ĴϣŹһز˲䣺ٺ١
飬ЩѹҪڼҾͺˡҺѽ
滳˵ѳպ˶⣬ûа취ҲֻԼ΢΢򴽣Ӧš
ô˺һӣֱϵ˱ãʵʵذе̫ʵˣһ۲ǻһӣǹ˲ࡣ
ֻ뷨˵ûһ룬ֱصһۡ
㻹ۡomegaŮָ۾ҲǺܲ˵ģһ㣬ƽʱҶ϶ҪġʱĹˡ
û취һʱ֪ǸýԼôҲɹۣǸɴ˵ǣһڣ˵ĺÿɰ
գalphaŮҲֻ۾ɵЦ
ٺ٣顣˵á
滳͵ֻ֪ŪʲôõģеװͰ͵ģȴֻǣԼ֡޻һشִꡣ
ֻǾúҸò֪䣬omegaŮԴ̬ȫǼһˣеӹ˺ܾõİ£滳ԡԹ۵ˡ
á
Ǵ㰴ԭԼƻеģϾ滳ľôãûΪһĪ˾öԷļƻապϻҪȥ̻˵ҵʵʱ΢һ滳Щ¡
ôţôɵЦһӣʹյԼҰ˼ȥ飬ȥɣ
ߵɽһƬܳտԶЩȻҲĺÿʮ·ݵĹտʢ÷ïã·ԵĽɫͬʵķһ
ǣߵԣ۾Ĳýɫ滳͹ɫεЩΣһšˮȣܵԱȥʵտ
򻨰СտĴкϲĸ
ѽЦУڻǰŮѣ
ӴǿɵúúæӦҰѡ
ô˼죬ѡ俪ʢҲƯģصѡ滳ȹͬɫϵİװֽлܻ֮ȥԼҰ˵Ļ
㻹𣬴飿ÿѽűʻİˣźȻ뵽Ҫ飬ǲǾû취ǣ
滳ŻӦؼǣ
Цѽ
ʢõĻɫԼұտҪƯİˡalphaŮһʱ˸߲ҵòˣ滳Աȥֻ˷ֻܵò׳͸硢βҡÿҪܹɵС
滳û취ǣקԼߡ
omegaŮ̾ˣ
ԣֻǹԹԱǣȥԲ۾ȴдãȻţô
ֻǾãҪٲץס˷ܹͷСҪΪβˡ
滳ûдֻ֡ԼҰԾŵķգܿϧֻǻգûǶë޵С䡣
omegaŮ룬ϧ
ϾסԲԲ۾ӳտĲɫֻƫͷȥԼˣ飬հɣ
ԣ滳Ȼ򴽣¶Щԥȴ˵ܾ顣
alphaŮЦȥǣ֣֮ҡҡ
֪ԼҰ˲̫ϲգ֪ΪЩĵԱԼƯΪȥЩûʹ
ֻ룬һļ䣬ȥЩĹȥ
һģòã˺Сѵ滳֣㿴Ŷ飬ôƯĻֿôãұӦûġ
˵ˣ֣û취
ô˵ţЩͰ͵Լİˡ
ǾļƬֺˣο𣿡
Ȼ滳Ǻܳһ׵ġ
ԭͶ˺ΣalphaŮСһشµ۾һӾͶҡˡ
š
omegaŮӦˡ
á
õԼҰ˵׿ϣֻһӵalphaŮ۾Цͷѽ
յļҲڵģԻΪ滳˺öţomegaŮھͷǰϾЩţͰֻöԷԼա
ۡƬŶԷͷЦݲõԼССؿ飬飬ôɵİ
滳Ӧˡ
š𣬽ѶݣͷԵС㡣
˹ȥֱ׵￹飬СëͬڵһડȥײԼҰϡ
omegaŮòģ֣֡
ȻһӴδڵĻ
֫ϵССսԶalphaŮʤٸˣ滳Ҫ˼Ų֣ô㡣գomegaŮ۵ֱɴſԼ˼ϲˡ
飿ͱһ顪
滳ſϣͷԸ̧
죺ۡ
ôھѽ˵飬ǻҪȥöطءֲ̫Ϻһ֮ǰҲǣʱιȥҲǡ
˵ƮƮģֻǸֵģԼڽĸ˵һεʱ滳Ūÿ޵ιȥ˺üǼ¡
ᣬomegaŮһӽӲ壬ʱⶼպˡ
͵̧ͷ̧ҪȥԼҰˣ˵ʲôء
ǲһ
̧Ǹ˲䣬ĵĿţͷ˹ͬսƬ֮С
滳ЩҧҧСҡ
ͰֻƬ
ƬŴЦݣ۾Сеģ˺۾ȾպͶ⡣
ΪץģƬûô˵ͷΪֶŪЩңҲ룬ĽɫտɫҲģһƬ
ȻһźЩ߰㡢һ㶼մϱߵƬȴԵһжôǡôӯ֣Ӳӵ·ܹƬٲܸˡ
alphaŮЦ˵ϲ𣬴飿㿴ҪǾÿԾ£ϲֱɾҲԵģòã
ֻǣһƬֻǳƬС̫һЦݣô˵ܾĻء
滳ƬŮõãŽ߷ָǸԼ
ҡС˵ҿ֡
İֱһˡ
ǡżֵģһ硢ûоЩ˵ǸԼӯɳڡ֡
滳֪ԼԭҲܹ¶ֱ
ŲءalphaŮ˵ſҪߺϣܺÿţÿˡġ
ĺϲ滳¶顣
ͺֻǸͨġߵŮ۾Ⱦɫ͸ÿҪʧһֻԵʻ
ҪԶסЩ˲䡣
滳ƬĬһҲ
ûֻĵ׺ֵܿظɫƮƮͷһͷ
룬ƬһҪģʱͰƬǮ͵͵ֻǺ桪ҪǿˣҲһẦߵһκ쵽⡣
УԻʵȵȥˡɴԼʱͿԻˣҲǶôصˣܻᱻԼҰִϺü¡
Ϊտ̫ڷïֻ̫ڻۣɫտԱߵһжǿֲֶõġ˺þãոɴ඼ڳ̵ؽõСԡ
飬ˮҳһŶкԼҰ˵ֺһڣ̧ͷš飬Ǹ
omegaŮЩ󣺡Ǹ
պ񻹲ɴһ˵˳ǸŮˣ˭
£֮Ŀһӱסһ滳ˮڴһ
˵ɤƽۡɽ˵Ůҽ㡣˵ġ
͵ͷ
˵ԥһ£ѡõĴǣΪʲôѽϳʲô𣿡
İֻҡҡͷ˵
ûϵģ㲻õġܿͻûˡ
һ˵ǣҲһ赭д
̸ʱ滳Ҳһֱģһֻǡ˿Ϸ죬Ҳ޷˿İǡ
˶٣ѹĵ˿Ľꡣ
ҦԣĻԼҰĻԼȥϻİš
ЩˣЩδع滳ˣ˵ᶯֶȥǿ
֪ԷǷһ¡Σ뱻šԼİ˶һȥЩ¡
滳ǣҲֻڣҰɣòãʲôԣһЩ£㲻ҪԶҵ󡣡
ҲѾڳɳˣ޷ȫ滳磬ҲԲҪαŮҵϵ£ҲԶҦԣ֣вԷһЩ
滳ûµġ
˵ţȥǣԷ֣
ԶңҺһ𣬺òã
ȻǸ˲䣬滳ȴ㿪֡
ôһ£˶Щסˡ
alphaŮ˸գǱ㽩Щġ
滳ȷӦһЩǱջ֣ոαγƽȫɡ
ҡҪ
滳˵
Լһ˾ͿԣҲҪһ𡣡
ЩˣԼҲûʶѿڶĻжô䵭ˡ
£alphaŮȻһ۾
㲻Ҫ滳
ѹԼӿԼڱֵ̫ŵǰİˡţҲԵЩİһ
Ϊʲôһǿﲻ㣬վ𣿡
滳ɫ԰ףǸİһŵˡ
ԼˣҲ˫۾￴ޱȼѹȴһӲ˳Ļ˵ȥ
ԡ滳ô˵ﲻңҲҪ֪Щ
˵ǡңҪôܹﵽ㣬ԸңҪôſԣ
õĻӦȴֻҡͷ

滳ɫ԰ףֺһǣ֣ȴȻ˵žܾĻ
ҲҪʲôˣ
ô𣿡ȻalphaŮֻţԽԽ滳ҲԶ֪ԵΣաԶû취㣬ֻܹһǵرߵСҺòãҪôվߣ
İ˼󣺡ˡ
ȥı˼㣬Ҳǡ
alphaıܡһֱĵǺѹҲǶԼΪķ߿ֻҲ޷Լǻмҵ
Ҳԣ滳ô
÷ɿ죬ǻҵšۿֻѿڶ
Ϳ滳˼СͿ𣿡
Ǹ˲䣬һжͣˡ
alphaŮԼİ˷·ӱ͵شȥһֻǱܵؽӲԭأ۾նȥûˡ
ֻһ硢һȥѪɫֻ׵ױһƬҰס
飬滳˵ʲô
ӣֻڿһȫȫİˣһӸеޱȵĿֻš
ѿڶ˲䣬ͺˣԼҰķӦֻǽһһسԨ
ԡ˸İæǸԲ𣬴飬Ҳǡ
滳ۣҦԣˡ
˵û
Ȼ㶼֪ˡ
滳ֻ˵ƮƮģ·˵ÿһֶҪķ
㻹ҪҸʲôأ
һҪԼ˵ֽԼѪܶõı-ذȻǰʹľģŻе
omegaŮҪоԼ໹
ǰڵҲһ룬һ˲䣬ͻֹͣˡ滳ֻǲʱ˵뵽
վ˵
ˡ
Ǹϣ滳ûл


111
֮Ϸһϵд¡
滳뿪˾ɽĳµܾΪһ뺽زͶʧܣϵʽ״ţ֧ϸˮ̴򷨡
Ծ߷·ԼһƵɧţװĸҳֻҪЧ滳ļȻû滳츳ѧҲֻжʩЧ򭣬¹εһѻ𣬾ͰԼ˸׳졣
׮ͶʧܣͲֹ۵ʽ״ѩϼ˪ϱյýͷöѾõĵչ߱Ż
ͬʱȱ˺ľߣڿ£ϼͳҵһͬס۱ɿü죬Сɶ׷۹ƱϵĹɼһȵͣΪ̰ĶǴ˸Ļᡣ
εĳȨջɽУȻϾѾˣֱ滳ϵʵã޷
ټϱĹǣȻľ˼һ˶͵⣬˭Ҫҧһڡǲò滳Ϊʿ볡ȴ⵽˾ܾ
ò滳һѻڲ˽ɡĸ߹Ǳ׷׳ıšˣȴΪϣֻΪԼѰһ·ű˿׶ƯУײǧٿס
ϵĳıΪӽڷﱻĵ죬滳볡Ÿ߹۵ĴɷݣԾԵĿȨΪϵĵһɶ
ϱ׸ժơΪǵӹ˾ԭϼĸ߲㱻״ϴƣѪ󸹱ԭ߹ʮһ
˾ɽԼļ̳˱ڹ˾ߵĵΪԹԺûԼ߳»Ϣ
װΪ֤˳֤ͥıϴǮͷǷŴıԷԲҵǰơ
һܵʱ䣬滳µаһӴɭϡַͬĴһϳ׸Ļ죬Ϊ滳
Ϊһ͵ʱ򣬳Ϊζ³滳ʧǰ棬ֻͨԼεǴָ
ԼֻͱʼǱǰ桢űͷˢţעصκνչ
ûطȥơϾ˳˼ܡ滳뿪֮ûټԼİˡ
滳ûٻһֱ˵ȫе緽ʽ
ƽ㶼֪滳ġԭ滳ĵúúõģһҪϢͷͿʼװһҲٻء
ǵһʱ֮񡣶һΣϵˡ
ڵ׸ܣ˸˫˿ææʱ򣬴ֱ滳صйʲô붼ˣֻջһǸľܾ
ط֪滳סϺǵܲҲұˡûҵȥʱһ㱻ϡ
ЩġʧȥȨƵǣҲڷ׷Ѱ滳ΪǱмǵ滳ͬģͼҪõй滳ٵ
֮Ұûҵֻһ߰㡣
ģֻҪͨȥ˽ԷľٶȻշתࡣ
alphaŮʱ룬¶滳Ӱ첢࣬ȻܹҵңȻͷͻᱻȡ֪滳ģ۶Է״滳ܹԼһʹЩ֤ʲô
ңԷʱ飬ʵ̫ˡҲûа취ȥġ
ÿ϶ΣʱεԼİվ·һͷƴҪȥߡȴôҲܲյ㡣
ʱomegaŮߵĵط־ܹеԼȴֻվ³̵־䣬ؿ滳ɫһһҰȥһֻ䴩ŵİ׸һѸٵؿήڰû
Ҫ
Լomega˱ڰ̳ԴǸ˲䣬͵۾ת˹
Ҫ
ǰǿտյ컨壬ǻΪľ̶ҵشϢ
̧ȥ۾ŷԼѾմʪۿ
Ĵ̿տյģû˵ϸǳɫ˯ȹomegaŮߣָι½ǡֻпյͺڰ
ںڰûһءһ㣬ͷ
Ǹ˵ģǸ֡
ֻǡֻǾòʺֻΪ滳˵ҪԼеѹѹ޷ԼһصĶʼɡ
ΪǸ˼С滳Ҫʱߣ粢վһ
Լȴԡ첻ҲԼİҪֻܹõ޵ﲻһæ
Щģģͷһʱ˵ЩȻȴְ滳˵ôأ
Ҧԣ޺޵룬Ǹļһ
ҪǡҪ
ʱѾ̫ˣڴϴһɴһֻȥԣҩš
ô׵飬嵽м䡢ɧ滳е⡣
ʱԣҩĹƱѾҪʮˡ
ϾʳƷģֽԶ࣬ΪηҲơûֱӶԣ಼֣㡢ҦԣʽǿԵġ
֮ƱҪöԷʽһʱϡҩſϰݣǸalphaŮûо䡣
൤Щʹ֪ôģҲûȥˡ
֪Ǻ˭ѧģôô츳
ʱͨһͷεЩͷԼСŮôһָ˾ôݡ
ǰСǺҲҪңңһ£ƽʱܣʲôҪ˵ľô
ڱҦԣⷽ棬ȷʵò
ֻǣôʵսģ⣬ԣҩҵĹɼôսİҲͻȻߡ
һ
˼С˵ô֣϶ˡ
ֻǣ滳ҲӦúս
alphaŮЩί룬ģһܾͷºݻȻԼܵ˭ҲҲš
ڶ쵽滳ˣӰûء
ǵһγʱҲǣ滳һ䡰޹ءȻ첻ؼҡһεĺݻǡҲҪ㣬ﲻҡתߡҲصñһλҪ
ֱҪĥ
ȵټʱһҪԼҰ˰һܾҳߵĻϰ߸ĵС
ȣǵܼ˵
alphaŮĨ۾ƵطԼĶͷȥײͷȻ̾
ֱֻèһŵӵ÷ɿ죬˭ҲҲš
Щ룬ȵʱˣһҪǸץ汧ţô˵Ҳ֡
جξѣҹߡշתãطֻ죬ͼԼİ˷ȥһϢ޹
ֱһͻȻϢʾǹݮ
㣬С㡿
Щ˵û
أôˣ
ݮͷͽ
氡ôͻȻһ϶ûˡ
˽㣬ҹ˵ҪٰţǸС·һ¶أ϶ر֡
С㣬ҪҪȥҲŮѣҼ֤ܣ
ͣϣá
滳Ҳϯ
á
ء
ݮݮȥ


112
װʱ칫ֳһšűקһ϶һԼСӣһڱİΧ֮קűߣشš
滳滳˿ţ滳ôôģҪ滳㲻
Ŵ磬Ǵ󸹱渻̵ģ̶̼죬ȴѾ㲵òӡ
ǿ߿̫ڼ񣬷·һǯһֱֱ̹ԺװҲһͷۡ
ϢϢֱй¶ȥˣһһҵõϢķҲѾ汻ܾǾıơһжᣬҪ滳Ӧǵǻصϡ
װ߹ȥϰ岻㣬ȥɡ
һļͬ˾һ㣬͵ϥ߹
׸ܡ㡢ǣòã
קװ㣬ţϥûмһ㣬ֻѾٲҪһΪ϶µ棬͹ⱥĸ̬ʡ
վŵСкãȻ־壬ĴԼŵĸףҲһͷ
ͯΪ̶Ĵ˰ţССܵܰҪѧͣ嶼ôˣôܵá׸ܣ㿴滳ܻܵôСǼɣ׸ܣǣǡ
װ΢΢˿һ򱣰ҡҡͷʾ⣬ȴȻ칫һ

滳䵭ƽЩѹ֣Ѿĵߡ
װһ
㡣򱣰кùܱģֱӶȥ
жѸ١̶ĿܿʧڿȾͷװŰŰ֣ƿš
滳ɫǣ𡣡
ֻǸӰڰ칫ǰɢſӣֻ̧۾顣
Ų̫á
װ˽Լѧú˾滳ǺкˣôͷϵĴǱġ˵ۣһ;񶼱ˡ
̫ˡ滳ֻҲûһͷۡ
һǿվװкѧ㣬ҿһ
װͷӦˣԭλð̣ǵӰܿϴּ䣬ȻϴֳصˮڸһС
ǡ
װһҲ˳㻹վϴּԱߣţ滳
ɡ
ˮܿͣˣűƿֻ滳ϴֳرߣϵεδˮ
¹˼Σ亹죬ݲҰ׵ûһ˿ѪɫֻвԼǺۣۿԵطŲ̺죬Ѫһ
滳װڣû˯ˣ
ͷۡomegaŮƽصԲҩ
Ǿһֱûô˯ˣһǰڹ˾ʼ
װԥƬ̣Լѧãǿʡ
أ˵滳㻹ûϵ𣿡
£滳һ£شһС
װȰ滳㲻ܡ
ҡ֪ô𣬡֪
omegaŮ΢΢ߣٿԼвҰ׵ݣë΢΢ţһˮ֮¡
֪Լġ
˼С
ǸֳalphaŮе˲䣬滳ȫˡ
ڹѪľ弸ҪȥǡǸ˲滳ʶؾãһСеһУѾˣǶʱЩѿֳ-Ĺȥ
֪ˣҺ³Ǹ֣ƮƮʿࡣ
ͷ·𳶶һ˿滳һ׹Ԩ
ҲҲٴȥͻ᳹ױˣᷢҲ˵ǰ
滳Ķӡ
ҩԼСĺڰãٺţֻԼʧصذѰ߰˺ϸǵֱϣŻȥһΡȻװͨѣʼָʾһϵΧ
æ˺ö죬һֱֱͣյʱ滳ڻجج뵽ԡġ
ˣôԴԼġ
Ҳȫ֪飬ֻ˵һֶѡ
ȫˡ
ҡ
滳͵͵˵ţҲؼ
ǰ𽥷˻ڵɫҲ֧ŲסԼ塣
ڳʱʧߺ͸ǿȵӰ£Ľ֢һηˡ
װסҡҡ׹滳뿪ϴּ䡢صɳϡ
ѧ㣬ڼĺomegaŮܵ˵֧һٷֵ㣬ȫ֣ȻǱźš
ǡװ̾ͷ£֪ˡ
˰ýɳϢһ˵ˡ
滳һҲһЩģҡͷ
ҡѧ㡢ŶҲҼҺ¡ҡ
ֻǡֻǡ
ֻԼڵӱһһŵġô裬ֲҪԼ
һˡΪԼôáһ
Ҫôأ
еڶ·
װͰο
滳Ȼװ߶£ϵᣬҡ
Ҵȥɡ˵ʵ̫ˣһܶδú˯ľѾ˼ޣжôǿ־Ҳһ
ѧ㣬ҡǸòã
omegaŮֻ˵Ұ׵촽ҲڷŶ۾ȴԼҪȥˡ
˵

װʱãԼ˾볣˵ľ̫ңԶˣֱһڷǿꡢһ
˲䣬Ȼ꣬ҲֻһͨŮѡ
ȻǿȻޱȴҡҡ׹
磬һҪȥ
滳˵ţѧ㡢ҼǸ𣿡
*
ڶ
Ϊļ̳ˣû뺯ǴҡڽС
ȻǱ˴̸˵ЦǣֱֵͬһᣬҪҵ滳ˣʵڲʲô׵顣
˵һ滳ˣӡ
û취˴Ŀ֮´ߡЩյ룬û˿üĵطĥḩ̂ʱٲȻǷ¹ڳÿʵļ̳ˡ
ôܾǰڨˣڱ߽߱ǽǻãƵһԵķֻ᳡һסˡ

عͷװĴҴңǼȵģ
һӾϲ۾滳𣿡
ҡ
װɫ
·ԥʲôһղž˵ڣһλá
ϰھھȥİˡ
Ҵң뿪Ҳ죬еھ統Ρ
Ǹ᳡ѯʹߣѸٸ˹ȥ
᳡˵ģҲ٣һƬӰУǵĿԼԼһţ·ڹעʲô
滳һİŮˡ
ĽǶȣŮ˵ݣֻ֪Է滳󣬶ᣬϲ
İվɫҰףֻ·һֻ¹һ㱻
ϵǸ顣
ǣalphaŮ첽ϹȥС
վ滳ǰ˻󣬵İŮ˵ֱۡ
ŮֻȤûɿǣ滳
ŶеȻƵǣǣǣǡ
ֻǶ
ſ֡


113
ſ֡
Ů˵Цݲֻһﴽߴɨݣ·Ѱʲôۼ
Ǹɣ
ô
һҪ˵ĻŮ˵ʵЩƵģֻ촽յĻȣͫɫͬ
Ȼ˿̣ͬЦ۵ȴ˱ζ⡣
ҽһ£ǹ˼СҲǡССô˵һף͸һŴ
ΪֻǶƵס˼Сһһ㡢ʹԷſ滳ŵ֡
滳ķӦԷֻһˡ򵥡
ǶŶԷ
˵ˣָҷſ
˼СһʱѲãȴģֻü΢Ц
Ǹ͸һɸġ˲ʤȯա
ǣûᵽϢصζȴԿֱԵȷšǸalpha
һ̰ġҪռomega˵alpha
Сܼ࣬˼СֻЦָͶȥߣ£Խ޴˰ɣ
ǵԵ߿ɫͫףҪ滳ϣǰһסˡ
עֹ棬ÿıҿıС㣬Ҫپֹð粻ӭûòĿˡ
ˡָĴʣù˼СԭȻЦҲһӳˡ
Һ滳˵˵ѡǡҧúأСܼǲǹ̫ܵˣ
ֻǵԼҰǰסǵĿ⣬˿䡣
ҡӭңСܼ಻Լ滳˼С˵ţЦ˳ҲʣȻѾˣ滳費ҪΪҵƷ
£ֻһصĶϣվԭص滳·һӱ˹̧ͷ
omegaŮ߽Ӳش֮תһǾס֣Ҫ״Σ
ǵģңǡ㡭
̫ڼĺҲԽԽ죬ֻҪ˵ɾĻһҪȥһ
״ʺáʶο⻹ڿֵˣڹעǵһһ
ֻعεػסԼ˵֡
֪飬֪ġôһԼҰǣֻ֣ǷʣСǲ̫ˣ
ȥǹȥˣôҲ޷ȡڣҺ滳վһ𡪡ҾͲٿˡ
ٽ߷ָǰܻЦˣֻתعԼİ˵߰ɣ飬Ȼȥ
Ƕ̴ٵľѹ滳ƺֻһα˻㱵ʹСֻһֻ˳ӵĲżһʧǵرǣ֡صϢ
Ϣûпƣֻǿյ谵ڣ顪
õһײġǡ
ǸǾ̶飬þˣֲһеĹעһζϢȣֻ񱻾˱ѩһҪ˵Ĵ
ݼĺ̫ˣŶͬһ㡣ЩӭšӦǣڴӵλóЩɬʪ
Ҫһ㡣
ֻһ룬ЩʪԭѪζ
alphaŮͷһǿежǡ
滳ˣȱ𡪡
˷ֿomegaŮøˡǻҵţιڣȴֻһƬĲҰף촽ҧո˿֮⣬һɫûˡ
˫۾ɺԵҪֻȼһ㾪˵Ĺʣͬը̻ޱĿͬһҹĻ磬ȴҲһͻһ㡣
滳վĺ֮Уһ
ûСңûС
omegaŮţҡҡ׹ҵĿֻĺҲ١
ҲǡЩҡ
ֻ֣Լİ˻С
֪֪ģ滳֪һذţ֪Ҳ˵Щ㡣
еȻҵսţٵùֻ֣ƺѾȫ˹Ѫľ̺ʹУֱӳ˾ַ֢״
šܵҪѳΪԼ⣬Ҳ鲻ԵˮûСءû
һʱûбİ취ֻܹ˰Լһͬ˵Ҫɢ滳עҪηŻ
滳滳
ظţŻвļԼŵİ§ø
ûµģѾûˣҡ
æãŵս𽥵ȥomegaŮҲȥպ顢ﲻˡ
°͸ϣ§ŻСһɿӵ
һԼҰ˵գֻһʪ亹ᡣǱҵֽزȥЩۡ
顣ˣǲˣұ㣬ȥǱһô
ĥȥomegaŮķӦЩٶֻۣãȻͣ˺һصһͷ
š
ǣɳ滳ʹӱˣ⿪װļſӷ͸ʱë޵ķļ§һֻܵϸݵĴż
˵ĽŴһ𡪡omegaŮĽűȻҲһƬŸյʮһ·ݣ滳ִźܱůװףȴȻúոմӱһǣýԼҲȾomegaŮ塣
飬ˣţ飿
滳˫ֻ˹ֻ֣ǱܵСţֱָèצһ
ãůڵ¶Χ££滳𽥻Ҳܹع
˿ڣֻǴë΢΢˲ҡԲ𡭡
ſϣʣԲʲôѽ顣
ҡӦá㡣
èô˵ͷ͡
ҲòҲԲ𡣡
ͷʵ̫ˣֱҪԼ
ϸĲҪ۶һ͸ޱȴ̲סҪչȥǶμӡһһǡ
롣
ѽ治ӦáalphaŮ˵飬ҿɵˣֺ£㲻ңôҲ㡪
ۼԼԽ˵ԼҰ˵ͷԽֻͣЦ˵
һֱͷ飬£ҪŶ
滳Щ̧
Ȼõһڲ԰״ϣغصǡ
alphaŮͷζءƷζ⻮˵ҧˣȻ󳢵ѪζַĲֻЩֱʾŶȳ
滳һֱǵȵռţֱҲûһ˿ܹƷڼһΡΡ
ãalphaŮ򴽰꣬ϡ󡱵ӡһڣ뿪
ȼ򵥷һŶ顣ʣµǻؼ˵
ЦԼҰ˱ǵʧĺ۾Щյš
ڣ飬ûʲôҪ˵ģ
滳ãֻЩãȻؿԼİˣ
ң˵ġǸģҴûС
һһӾָ⾪ֻҪҪѿԼҰ˵ĻΪԼ硣
ûС
ţ飬֪ҲŹ˼С˵Щ
Ǹ֣ûomegaŮһһ㣬èըë
Цס֡ȫٰοһһḧ
ֻ˵ġԣ飬ڹ˼Сûʲôҵģţ
ҡҡ
⣬ֻomegaŮɫ԰ȥԾһҧס촽֣ݴӴֿҧ
ԥá滳ս䣬ڣ
ҡ͹˼С
*
͹˼С֮䣬Ҧԣ˵ЩʵҲǴġ
Ҧԣ˵ˣ͹˼СйһνĹϵʱĹ˼Сͬһ㣬Уܹصİ衣
Ψһģֻ˳
˼С滳ʹĽȳʶֿˡ
Ǵ滳һоˡ
ΪһֵĶԼӽ滳ȤζŪĸ飬ȻڸױӦһ̽¶еͬѧǰΪЩĿˡ
滳ʱںˣֻǱϾСûκȨǿҪֻ͡
ϵǶֻһȵֻomegaͽΪһݾƷͳ
滳ָող뿪ҡʼ޲ãÿһ񾭶ޱȽţÿһ䡢ÿһˣŸľ衣
ʱģҵС˽ŮҰ֣ȫУţһκοԡκξԶĵһңң߳ڶһϲ㡣԰׸䵭Զκ˽ʡԶһԲ·ࡣ
Ǹʢѧ˵츳ʵ̫עĿˣĿ毺áϸֻͬѩɽһȻĽ׻䡣
ǹע۲²һǸomegaȴû˸ҶԺЦᵽ֡
ֱһktvľۻǺȶ˾ƣ˴˺ЦԼǶġ˭Եõģĸ֮ߢ
˼СӦǸԼ
ǡŰҰϣôΣҲһָ۵ζһεƭŰֱƻ
˼Сᵽζ
ʱĹ˼СҲûкûôŪĵļɣֻ滳ʵ̫ƭˣֻҪһĺ⣬㹻ݽȥ
˼СǡĸԣԼһ㹻ġ
ĹϵÿһͨУ԰һȻ¶ɬΪڿµָĴ˶⡣
˼Сܺãررã䵭ǻ桢ʾ⡣Ϊ屧ϰϣ˼СȥܡܵøǹһȦȻöʱյߵ졢һ滳ˮˮζȻЦ
滳ҲһһݣȻ
ڹ˼С£ҽطֻomegaʱխϣ˼Сֻһ롣
񡢷ֻomegaҲûô⡭
Ȼجα𽥽١
ͬǳһġûȷϵ˿ʼȡ
˼Сʱʱȴǰ֡˵滳ɰȴҲΪֱԸУ׵滳̫ˣݵúѿЩθġ
滳յһƯҲΪһС£滳Цšϳñ
滳һѪۣЩصӱһŲ顣
ʱ滳̫Ҳ̫޴ֱ治Щ״ֻΪԼ¡
ǹɵصȴŹ˼СԼٲҪʲôϳ³㡢ڸȥԼݵùֵ֫壬ʳƴҪأȻΪÿһС¶Ǹ
ϾϾСϾԼ̸ĸıֵܽáǵİ衢ԼĴ۶Уû˼СһôãҲֻй˼С˵ϲ
滳׼ҪΪǸ͸˼С죬˼Сȥ԰ǻԴǳ˼СһζЦ
ȻĦ֮ϣ˼С˰ס
˼С滳ҪҪһ𣿡
滳ͷΪ˶ֻԼҡҡλεءڴӾ޴ʹԨصй˼䡣
ֱĦֽ䡣
ͬѧֵؾۼƽ̨ϣȴһʤϢ
˼Сᣬ˸߲ҵһһƣףţЦŹ˼СǶôԼ滳Ƕô飬ֶô޴
׵ʱ򣬹˼С¼ţӦʱǾ仰һΡһΣһһһһΡ
滳ѾԼʱ뿪ˣֻǵ֮ǰΪԨǸ˲ȣȡ
Ƕʱ䣬ľ״񻯵÷ɿ죬İҲ֮Ļ
Ͼɽϴ覡߸ϵĽѩק˼൱УòƳª͸̲סҪ̤һš̤һţֱױٵ
ͬѧǣҲԽԽʶ滳ôȴʵԮ
ܳϣǸܴ˽Ůĸˣ˱Ǹ޲ȥһһ豻ײƣҵ˷˵ᰴͷǿ¹Ǹûκ˻
ңֱҪǿбԼ塪һвֹͣ
˼СֻǿţΪŤ˶ħеԿ׵ˣȤعһзȻ뿪
Ƕξ滳˼ΪصĽ⡣Ľ֢״ʼǿԼѧӴҵҹҹ˯ž˺ԼҲͬʱ˻ͻþ屻ȥĲ֢ͬʱ䱬һΪԼҪȥ
Ȼ滳ǻӲдֱ졣
ڣ˼Сˡ
еһС
*
ˡ
滳˵˸ԼҰɵķɤЩơ
˵ˡ
ԼҲûһ죬ܹѷԼϵһȫ˵滳ΪԼҲ˵ȥġ
Ȼ֧ŲסͣЪһΡ۾˺һǰһξȫ˵˳
ֻʣһƬ԰ף滳ԼҰ˵ĻȴȻֻúɡ
ˡ
һֻǱ嶼ڷŶΪޡ
omegaŮ̾˿ֻ̧֣Լİ˲ȥᡣ
ûµġԼô˵ȥˣ
ֻҡҡͷȻſ
̧Ǹ˲䣬滳ŷԭûпޣҲһֱۿ˿û¡
Щ󣺡
ң滳
İֻ˵ָڣȻվ

滳Ƭ̣æ׷Լˡ
һ¡ô
alphaŮѾƿϢҵţ˳ȥĿ᳡зɿѰţԼĿ粽ȥ
滳ӰȺ֮⡣
alphaŮҵžƱ̸ЦĹ˼СһδֻɴȭͷȻ󡪡
顪
Ʊ׹ȥһء
ǸӰײײغ˼Ȼӭһػ򵹡
ѹȥһȭһΡһΡһΡ
ʱȰܣȴܲסӶֱۡΧš۷׷ס
Ǳ˴˽񡪡
ĴС㣬˼ҵ¹alphaĶŹΪʲô
Ǹomega˭
޷ճӰӿţеӶߡ
滳ԶalphaŮ
ֻȾѪġŴסģȻǣʼܡ
ǣ֡ƴţȺӰ̤ϴ·ֻһֱһֱһֱܡ
еһжģ壬еķ羰ɫӿЩӵҲȫʧ˷籩һӿҹɫ
Ѿеһж˦
ƴرţޱȰ
滳ŴֻƴءƴܣúᣬѾΣԶ׹䲻תյľͷ
ڶߺХalphaŮĽŲܰܰһֱܡ
ͣʱȫȻһ硣ӵ̵ķܴܴ󣬴ҹɫ·㵹šҪ
ޱȣ̫ͬ
滳̧ۣalphaŮɫ۾޳һ㡣ںҹԵš
޵ֹסᣬǺһ滳أҡǲǲá
滳ȥ
ֻǶˡ


114
ȵģȾҹζ
alphaŮ޵úһţδһţ˵Ĵ֮䣬ɬɬġ
ȻԼȴ𣬾ùƼalphaϢζʵʵطھȴȻġ۵ζֺһĵ
ε⡣
ǣomegaŮǵκԺ︡һͷ
Ǻεζ
ӵϵҹ紵øĴԵؾӿĺˮζһľĿζҲʪġ
ֻǺӵǱ˴ǡ
ҹɫ⣬ȴޱȹ̵ģһգֻ·ܹڵҹĻҲ̳һһ㡣
ܰܰ˺Хҹ⣬ֻҲûκһ
һжбšʣȵǻһ©âķ϶һܴ󡢺ܴģ㵹˵ĹƿӣͷװɢǵҹɫΪţŨ
ûζġֻõεһʪζ
ӵšãǲֿ滳̧֣ԼҰ˲˲ϵᡣ
ȻʪһƬЩˮôһڣalphaŮҲڳصᣬ޵ɤӶе㷢ˡ
ոջô
滳û취̾һչȥЩظԼҰ˲ȥᡣ
˵ûµģˡ
ءİ˻ţ顭Բ𡭡
滳ϣһӤʡΪ΢΢ţһָкȤǡ
alphaŮڿޣҡأҵʱģԲ𡭡Ҳ֪ء
ûϵġ
滳ô˵ֻǿȥalphaŮסͷ
֪ġûϵ
Ųǡ
ſǻ֡
飬ǲûкú˯ɫôŲûϵ
omegaŮǣǣҪֵƽν¶е顣
ҡѣðɡ
ţ۾۾ɵԲԲģ飬ģ
滳ĿƣֻҪߣֻǱalphaŮա˻
㿴Ŷ顭˵̧ԷƬڵɫôĺȦûкú˯ôݡèèˡ
Ųǡ
滳ҧҧ촽ĵ㻹˵ҡ㶼Ҫ޳СˡǼô졣
˵գָᰴ˰alphaŮıͷΪЦ
alphaŮ֣£Ȼʮָۡ
顣Цá
滳ҲӦš
֪ѾܵúԶˣվ᳡ĵƹ⣬ܵһͰϾСԡԶԶؿȥһƬңԶķѾͬڵƽϵļһ㣬öģ
ǣס֣ʵûںӵϺܾá
ķʵ̫󣬾ܴף滳ҲҲһûѪɫ
ֱۣǣ˺ܿߣܿĵطһС԰
̾顣
滳ź۾ЩãȻؿ֪̾ʲô
ֺalphaŮ˵ôãһ㶼ů
˵ţȻֻ滳֣˿ڶЩСģֻôůš

滳ӦЩãȻ룬ջ
ǲ̫ˣ
Ʋ⣬ֻΪǾ̫ˣֺ鷳
ǡů١
ǣʲôѽ飬Ȼǡ
æֹֻomegaŮֲϷţĵҲֳַɬ
֪ԼҰżЩԱ߳Լ⡢ֻ޲ðԼᵽһ뷨ôˡ
ǼλӾʱҲǣԼôԱ
޷ЩƬƬлɬġ۵СŮſĳУԼһжֻ¶һᱻԼϲ˵ǡѿܳ󡱡˶ġϸֱۡ
ʱ϶ѹѹѹ
һˣôֵôأ
뵽Щ;ԼҪ
˼СalphaŮǺ޺޵룬ʱ͸ôһġҪŵ顭
ǸĹ˼С
롣ǲ
ҪЩҰǵĶԡʱʱ˵˼άģʽ滳һһߣſԡ
滳ϰЩЩľ𽥲ٸеʹˣҲԲС
ǣֻԼҰ˵֣ƫͷȥЦ飬ǵǱһ°ɣ
ҵһȪڵŵġûʲôĳ£ɾϲֻۣ򴽣Բ۾ʼһʽ̸
顣ڵԺǲҪˣòã
Ȼ仰omegaŮһЩ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻû˵һ仰
˵飬Ժ󡭡ô˵ǲҪȥЩ˼СϵЩҲҪȥ˵Ļòã
֪˵Щ˺غصӰеʱ᲻Ծ롣
˵ţǣԼҰ˵֣ڴһ¡ǹһСƬڸոյĶŵʶȭΪµ̺ۡ
أ飬һжûµģһ㣬òã
ҡ
omegaŮ˫۾ãȻ͸֪ͬϡ
˵Ҹô
ѽ
Ц
ҪѧᡭҪٱԼҲҪԼˣʲôһҪңһܵҪúöԴԼòã
滳ֻһãȻ۾ءӳʵҹĻģǲ֪˵Щʲô˼
գô˵
ԲҲ㡢Ų㡭
Խ˵omegaŮͷԽͣҲٿˣֻǽۡԲ𡣡
ţֻɬܣӿһ
ôˡ
ֻһ㣬󷭸֮ͽôӴεȻչС
ȻȴסúöԴԼĺ壬ΪԼ˵ЩȻַҪǸ
ĺǡСͱŰһûбúöԴСèҪʲô壬ֻΪȻ̧֡ôҪ
͵۾ȴѵĽ١
İˡЩȴȻѡ˽εİˡ
ӭһ˫۾Ȼ˵ʲôĻˡ
еɬأߺȻģ壬ҹĻϵ˲öʵһƬ
գһ۾һ׹£ŷԼԭǿˡ
滳ЩŵؽԲ
Ĵ滳Ĵ
˵
ôĨҲĨ꣬һƬӿġʪܵĺΪѹϧһֱһֱʡ
ǡ
Ҳ޷еԸ
alphaŮڿڴţҲҲҪĶֻ֮ǰİװֽϸϸģ
ģֻһͷޱȡޱȵ
һҪһҪ
һǳɫİװֽɿص˽ָģ
alphaŮ޵ָҲڷֻԼҰ˵֣öССָָֽϡ
滳ȫסˡֻԭأãȻ
԰͸ͬҲģͬһ
Լ
ſǻŶһҲʽ¡ء
˵滳㣬ԸԶԶһ𣿡


115
omegaŮز

ҹɫþþҹĻһʵġذ˿޲ڸסеֻӹ֦ͷҶɳɳ죬ͨеƻҲͬ赲ԶһĹ
԰Сĳϣֻˡ
alphaŮ˵Ļ֮󣬾ֵֻᡣ
һˮžડָֽϣʪֽ棬ȻֱߣһԵС͸̡
ʲôѽ
滳öװֽɵĽָϡοۣģֻȻЦ
ð
omegaŮӦ
ҴӦ㣬
̧һ˫ʪ۾ԣ滳ӡ
Ȼһ±ӣüֱֻۣˡ
ҡءalphaŮţʪġͷɥСһָһû׼á

滳ֻúû취
Ǵչȥ˫촽һ¡
С˵ˡ
ʵޱȿͰ͵Сֻӵסʪᣬػǡ
ô˺һ֮omegaŮչָԼָϵָֽˡ
ҡأұƽָġǻûѡյͼ˺ü档
alphaŮﻹеǻί˵š
ұ룬ٽһʱ飬ҪʽģأôŪ
ò⣬ָذա
ȻҹɫһжͿһģ
һöɰװֽɡ滹ԼԼӡlogoָֽԶԶؿȥҲޱȽףǰ׸ë
顭
alphaŮöָĿƣֲļªͱ׾ȴϲԼָϵӣһʱԥ
˵㡢Ҫժɣװѽ׼˽ָ١
Ҫ
滳úܿ졣
ƽֻƽʱûʲôֱȻȴһӽ˻ǵԼıᱻһɿһָֻֽ˺档
˵ָôģ
omegaŮֱ̫һֻԼİζСɵèˣһ˫Ư۾ôܷߵˣȴԾԼжɰֻ̲סҪ΢Ц
ҽѽ顣ôӦһ
ǲû̾Ϳʼֹ
滳ʵùˣalphaŮ촽ҲһѪɫûУǺܲĵקˡȥҵҵ·߷װһס
˴ӵƹķװʱomegaŮѾë׵ˡվͷһ滳߳Щڶ˾׵ë
ǲ̫ϰַ·ֻ΢΢֪ô
ǲǡе㡭omegaŮС˵̫ʣ̫ˡ
ûءúܿ죬Цȥǣ֣ɰѽ飬رʡ
װڿ󡢿ǳɫ滳ͿˣССġһ붼һֻϴ衢ëɵè
ѽ顣˵㲻ǴӦôԼĺܿɰ
š
滳Ӧ
Ӧһ󣬻Ǵüۡ˵ѡ
ԼúϧԼЩѡ
һģֻͬһƬССġӯѩһƮͷĺϣǵһƬͻɬ

Ҫ̾Ҳ̲סҪ΢Ц
εءȵǣסԼҰ˵֣Լ½ǵıΧ£䡣
֪ģ飬֪
alphaŮ˵
֪ѡҲõģ㣬õģòã
õһѩһ㡢΢Ц
š滳Ӧһ𡣡
˼ס֤ԼҰ˲֮ͽˣǸողǣ粻ܾãżڰҹʱ˭Ҳûἰȥ¡
һš滳һ߱ʣµİװֽѧϰ۵ָֽķ
ܵСʵҲûôܡЩֹֻ̫ţȴѧָ֮䡢ͨͨİװֽգۼͱһöָֽģ
βɣomegaŮЩյҧŴֻˣ·ҲˣŲƮƮƣͷԼƷֻҪ˵ȥ
úΣֻקסˣ̨ףԼҰײ߸ȥ
ãֱڴеֻʾдװ
ôһͷҲźȻЩκϾ˼ҵϴһ滳˸ˣֻһʰо֡
飬磺
ȴһһӣǷæϰ嶼ðɣ
ţӦأû¡
ңǻҪˡ
ĵôССز䡣
Ǿͺá³һû¾ͺáܲܰҰѵ绰תϰ壿ֻˣϵ
͵ͷԹԵת
ƺ̸ʲôϵ£ԼҰнӹǸƷĽָɣԱߵȴţԼҰ˵йصĲһֺЩ
˧ŶalphaŮĵĵô롣滳ʱرر˧
ţԡ滳ţȲҪ֣ǵ鷢չһʱ䣬һϵһܶ࡭
ֹ˺һöָȱˣǱߵĶԻڽ
Ǹ滳˵ֻǱβ΢еҡ
ӹֻպãգգ۾ʣô飿
ûʲ
滳ֻʶ𣬿alphaŮġֱӵ۾źȻͣ
ԥЩϵ¡
ţ
۾͸ˣֻؿԴһָġޱѹıӸС
飬ʣСɵķһҡһΣӦʲô
Ǹ
滳ֻʶ㣬ջС˵
ҡǡҦԣ¡ԣҩҵʱҩҪϣҺͰڼƻô
omegaŮ˵΢΢ۣ죬һŭ˭ȥ㡣
ԣͺЦ
顣۾䣬ƵȥһԼҰ˵Ĵǣ㽱С컨Ŷ
ɡ
Ц
ģ顣˵صضҪʲôҪģһŶ
õomegaŮһӦġСǡ
á
һСƬװֽҲѾùˣ滳ֻõöһɵָֽеŤŤģȻɵˣȻЩ׾
omegaŮЩ̫ضƷˡ
ô顣չϲҪҪ°һ£ǻؼҵµֽۡ
Ҫ
omegaŮȻס֣СĵرܿŴĻˣöָֽҲΪˡ
Լָֽ֣СءʮָۣȻ΢Ц
ʱϾѾˣ滳ԼŲëסҲ޵۾ͷźɫ˶ЩǱģ
ǣǾҲûӣҵƣҹİ೵ؼҡ
ƽƿĳһҹ״ůڵ¶ȡ
˸һ졢ֱõomegaŮԼҰ˼ͷֻ˯˹ȥ
΢΢ͷӡһǡ
顣С˵ǻؼ
ģʵҹɫ۵ָϣ򵥶׾һָֻֽԵøס
ͬһ԰׸룬ᡢҵ鳲ķ


116
Ͼôáæµ˰ϣʱomegaŮѾۺˡ
һȥϴ裬źˮ׶ϴ»ʱֻԼҰѾ˯ſԡһҪ˯ˡ
ƽһ䵭Ͻӣֻ뵱С°ֱϣҲֻͬһͨСŮһˡպ촽ڵѬȾ˺ΣԵø
Ǳߵ춯omegaŮͱܵڱ˲䣬΢΢̧
alphaŮӦţ
һ𡭡
˵⼸ֺomegaŮٲȻҪ˯˹ȥΣֻ߹ȥͷ̧һ㣬ֹ滳ԡǺԼ
еܵմomegaŮ۾ܵءһĲֲ䡣
ΪոմʱͷһһµţʱˮѾմʪ滳ĳڲ԰׾ϣͬڵĺһ㡣
ڵˮšļֻЩֵرڲˮ£ȴ׵
㡣
֡βƬԷŹ⣬󰮳裬ͬ¹һ㣬ϸ㡭
վԾغԺֻȻͷȻǡ
alphaŮһ÷ɿ죬æҡҡͷЩͷԺȥԼϵ¶Ƚ¡
ôڲµʱ򡭡
İ˾ֻǺ޷صȴɫΪٳٲ˼ССĲһƲһָʹĽ

èŽֱۣһ𡭡
Ӵ顣
û취ؽסָֽ֣ˮ
ˡ˵𶯣顣
ԣomegaŮͺǲر۾ˡ
һ𡭡
ֻ̾
Ϊʵ̫ˮʵ̫ˣİԡ̹֫϶ֱףһʱҲЩԱԺ벻ҪԼڲˮˡ
omegaŮ¶ļֱ۶Ưùֻ֣Ҫ֪ԼӦŲĿ⡣
һģ滳Ҫһϴ衣
Ǹ桢ȣ;ԼҪˡ
ġһһᷢЩʲôҽֹµġ
飬ϴòã
ǷԼҰ˵ա
ԡôСû취ˮŵҲϴˣͻȥҵңһ˯
omegaŮЩãȻؿһ̵طֱһλζգΪǸһ˯˵ͷ
˵áһ𡣡
ʵ̫ɰˡ̲סҪ΢ЦǸԼҰ˵Ķͷ
ǣҰϴͷҪҪ
ʡ
Ҫʲôζϴ¶ţ𣿲µİζģ˵ܲţε֮ǰƼҵġҪҪԣ֮󣬾ͱζСè䡭
ԣݵʪȩ̀ҪȴֻһĴ
滳Ƭֻ̣Ǳܿǵָֻè档
ҪomegaŮ죬ֻûкءԼϴҲ㡭
Сϴͻȥˣ飬ҪȻˡҺõÿ죬ұҲûմˮġ
alphaŮ˵ţ̲סҪǣԼҰ˵֣ϸϸȥǱˮȾ÷졢ϸָ
Ưþһһ
ֻмָبŵġҵɫͼ
˿ž;úѹ
Ŷ飬ǣ̲ס˵ôˣ˻һ㶼Ϻážͺ۰Ҷʹ
omegaŮģҡҡͷ
ûµġ
С˵ţΪûȫ˼ֱָϲ˲䡣
ʹˡomegaŮૣܿͻãѾʹˡ
*
գè仹Ǳڵζ
ϴ衢ɳŹǷ߽ʱֻϵıӱһСɽԼҰ˴棬ֻ¶һ˫ѵŵĺ۾
۰顣
˵߹ȥڴ£˳ԼҰ˵ĳ
һΪ˯ˡô˯ѽ۾һڵ𣿡
š
omegaŮӦ˵ͷһ˫۾ƽͬ¹⡣ģոԡģֻȷʵѾˡ
΢ܿڴͷϷһװõļŷĹĺۼ
ðɡ
顣
˵ŸȥԼҰ˲˲Ǽ⡣
ôˣô˵ٿ˯öðɣòһ㣬˯ⲻͳ
滳ֻǲ԰׵ջΪոյˮżֺΣβҲͬѬЩ̺죬ӳͬ¹۾
ôʱǳƵʹ¶ֲͬѰġ©ĵĻζ

ڵ㣬
omegaŮ˵Ҫȥǣ֡
˵⻰ʱԼĴ꣬촽ʪ
ǣŷomegaŮĴɫúú죬ģͿ˻Ĵ࣬ζþˡ
滳ֻ˵ǡ
ʲôأ
ĶǸ𰸲Զ
ô࣬ԼҰȴһûзӦomegaŮǰյҧҧ
ԥƬ̣һһֻֻɴؾҪȥԼ죬繶

ס֡
Ȼ󣬽滳˱
ظҴŪ˵ıǡ
ӭomegaŮίֲŵĺ۾ǵǵؿ˿ڣ
飬ֲ𣿻Ǹȳ
ԣ滳һ£ֻһۣͷˡ
𡢴飿
ʹչȥؿ
ȳѾ𣿻ʲô仯ǲӦлҽȰ㵹ˮ
ǡ
ﴫƵһ
ûϵ͵ͷο֪ģû£飬ҲߣҰӾͻˣȵˮӦûһ㣬˯һҪҪƬֹʹҩ
˵ǡ
omegaŮ͵ССģֻҲһ
ȳ
𡣡
еģԼҰ˺Ķ⣬ֻʶڡ
ǡ飬䶼պҮ

omegaŮ߳ŭ̧յñȶ仹Ҫ죬̺Ρ
գգۣ˫߷Ⱦˮ뵵ĺ۾źȻӦ
ŶŶ㶵صͷ۵Ҫѽ顭
˵ʲôҪ
滳ߵøˣҪ˵
alphaŮֻӵһñӳ׸סԼͷһˡ
滳滳
״ڱ
滳


117
ߵ˵omegaŮڱ
ֽسűǣֻԼһֻһƽƽ̯ڴϣô˵ҲϷ֡
ԼǸڡĻ붺Цˣֻ²ȥԼҰ߹ȥ֡žߴȥҪԷıӡ
飬ˣ顢顪
ţ滳ҲֻŤŤȥҪֻǱͲ㣬ôҲȲģֻûһض㲻ˣֻܹɿϵȥһǡ
¶alphaŮСһǲõЦ
ٺ٣顣
alphaŮԲ۾ġ
ץ
ͷոϴ괵ˣԭ͸ɣڴһֻôɢڼͷ͸ڵϴ˷ܵõܻؼҵСִֿɰ
ͷԵС㻹˷ܵҡβ͡
ոԭ˵ѽ˵ţлҽ߹ǵģ岻õġ
ԼҰ˵Ķһյøˣָ˲öĵ⣬ջһҧ촽ĵӡ
ЦһԼҰʪӨ촽
ζģе㵭ζҺ
ѽ顣ôſԼҰ˹˾һıϣˣҽ˵˲ԡôЩѽ
ԣ滳һ۾
ѾյòٺˣֱҪҧˡ
omegaŮܻ
˵飬
еؿջ֣ⱻҧȻСˡ
Ҫ̲סˣǸҪôѽ
˵ʵ̫̹̹ˣֻomegaŮ۾ԼҲΪһССǣֶ죬ȴֵúԼ˵ĸǹҪϵ£ֻһͨĻ⣬Բ۾
滳߳ŭصȴ˫öξƱʯһ۾ֱҪܣҲֻܹصƫͷʰalphaŮһƴĳȻҧȥ
еǲݣǸûζֻһ㵭ζ
滳룬ֻԾֽ˽ԼҰ˷ζ
ϵζͬġǹõġƿոµϴˮζ
Ǹϲţζġ滳롣ЩƲֵּҧҧڳݼĥ
Щؿȥǵ𺣴˿һҧԼͷ
š顭һ涣㲻ҪȥŶ
ʲôomegaŮ͵
˭᲻֪Գȥ
˵ΪÿܺóԵӡһ˵Ҳսûעϡءҧһڡ
šζģ㡣
alphaŮ˵ø棬˼һӣż֮ǰţζĸá
滳ԼҧһڵգǿߵصԼɵİˡ
ɡ롣
աֲʲôƷ֮ġ
ֱ׳ؿţٲȻѾԼոҲϴˮζġ
ţζãûôôҷܶ㴼Ϣζ
ſŵalphaŮ²ҧһڻҧȴƫƫҪҽЩ£滳ЩƵرַ˸ˡ
飿
alphaŮԼҰ˷ȥԼЩãȻؽ飬飬ô
滳ͽͷסԼֿʼ̵աڴŤһȫµıקȻôвס氮Ҳǽͬһű
alphaŮ߲ȥҪҧһڣ״һ㶣Ц֪顣
ЦǴҲߡһɺãһһ̯ˡ
꣬˵ǱŲŲŶ飬ͷһ㡪ұӦ˯ǱߵҮҪҪһ£
滳˵ͷ֮䣬ֻİԼڶԷζشģҪ
alphaŮͱЦ
˵ֻ԰˵ļ˳˳Ǿ˯Ŷ顣
ôã滳ϴʱ˯ҲȷʵһӱϲһֻоԼҰǱҲϤϤŲţûҪ˯˼
ǣ滳ɴĻ￿øƫͷʣ
ֻĹ⡣
顣alphaŮĿֻŲصϣüͷ΢΢ֻ˼ʲôǲȱʲôάѽʲô΢Ԫ֮ģ
˵ţĻҳչʾ滳Ǹʵ̫ˣֱҪ˷ֲڿЦо
ҿ˵ģèèҧͷ񻹿ԳԵʲôģϲʲôζѽѽѽôִѽ
ֲè
滳ͷ߷ߵתȥĿ߲Զ
ǱЦ
ֻӵЩḧ˸ԼҰ˵ϸı˿ڡ
飬alphaŮʣ֪ǺҽĻѽ졭ոգôͻȻҪ
û뵽ԼҰ˻
滳ԥһ£룬ǻشˡ
ҡС˵Ϊ֮ǰˣһֱ㡣ΪǸ
omegaŮԾɲ⣬Ҳشú˳ֻǻ£ȴԼİЦüĿ΢΢¶Щ
ЩãȻ
顣alphaŮֻʣΪҵǸҪ𣿡
š
滳Ӧˣ漴õһڶͷϵǡ
ᣬǻһ̵ͷϣеСӵǡֻȻԼúᡢƯһ㡣

omegaŮ֪˫Ű۾дŵһѹ
ֻǺϧ£ס֡
ɬɬġǺһ̲סҪĸ顣
֮ǰҲalphaŮ롣
֮ǰҲġ滳ҲֻǸСҲ飬Ҫͨϵķʽסİ⡣
ǻǱһࡢЩɬֻһ̾Ϣ

顣˵ԼҰ˴ЩãȻĺ۾Ժ󣬲Ҫˣòã
omegaŮ
Լ嵱ߺͳ룬Ŀģòã
ϣ֮䷢ϵǻеͿֵģҲһҪĴۡŲʲôƷҲӦñԴĶ
˵ЩɬоȳԼҰ˴ǡһһš
飬˵ľ˵Ҫң룬ѯʣ᲻һԽҪĶ
û˸ô˵
İֻüĿɫ͸Щ
еġ
֪ǡԲᡱ˼
ǾЦ
ѽalphaŮ˵Ҳ·ԣҪϧԼϧ㡭ϧһ𣿡
滳ֻƺΪе˼Щѡ
ҡ˵ܴܴ⣬ϧԼѡ
šӦЦһģ顣ԲûôѡʲôҲҪңòã
omegaŮգգ۾ȻС˵һƬƯë
ǡһ¡
Ȼ
˵Ȼȥ
һ̽˷ֿ
顣С˵ĿﺬŲЦ⣬ÿɰѽ
omegaŮĺ˶⣺Ѿ˵ˡ
ǡ˵ܿɰ
ֻǡ滳ãԼûôɰ
ǣǺܿɰ
˵ȥǣ֣Լ£ס
һ˫յϣողҹĻдϹԼ۳ɵġ׵ָֽ¹ļ֤¶Ա˴ģǻԶԶһ
ͷԼ˵յø
񡭡˵ҹɫƯϵǲȴҲܰǵıѺůֺһ
ô˵һξ۾·ʢʢ⡣
omegaŮ۾Ц
滳ôɰ


118
һҹİߡ
õʧæµ尾֮滳ԼҰůĻӵһδйİȳߡ
˯ߡǻϴ裬ȻڴϺҴһĹϵ˯ʱѾ賿ӵʱˡ
滳ԼǺѵģֻڱԼҰ˵ӵУһ۾һ˯˹ȥ
ϴҲεģȻ˯ʵ̫Ҳ̫ãЩ׷šͣס˼䣬ֻҲû˳ĺȫûomegaŮļʲôۼ
ֻůڳɿ·ܹǵѩȫڻһ滳Ǹӵûκʾţֻ˯ø
һ۾ѾǵڶʱˣﻹźصĴڸֱ治ʱ䡣
滳˯εģЩãȻŷһλѾһˡ
˯ޱǸ¶ʧЩ
֡
ܕһ۴ͷĵӡʱٲȻѾǡ15ͷˣҲ֪϶Ҫһֱڶ绹һڴʲôҲomegaŮе㲻ġ
ƵһϵԼҽȴռ˵ͷЩ˳ȴǲٶˡ
ոʱҵˡ
ɬɬĸоǣomegaŮ˯κԺ͸˸ί
ԼƵشͷ͵ƢشԼİһȻŵζͷղֲ䡣

ͷϻȾЩϢصζﳤõĳȻûȫ˳ҲֻΪǸӵ̫ȣ滳ӹе

ܵͷ˼ʣµÿһ϶
omegaŮֻǽԼǸϢصζУر۾
һֵͨʱ棬װΪϵĲо֣Ҳһ¡
ҡҲǸˡ
˼С
ůڵıԼҰ˵ϢذУȻһ뵽Ǹ֣ȴҲ滳ӹѪһ䡣
Ծش˸
ΪһγͻԷѾ֪ĴˣҲһڳﱸʲôԴı
ļĻ
ΪѪıܿ־ʧȥԼǣʲôȱ˼Ϊ©ʲôͻˡ
滳Լ
ԡԲԡ
ޱȼضԼģ˼ЩѪеı
ȻΪȾζıʵ̫ˣ۾滳ȻҲԾءһγ˯
ССĻƮƮģǰλ滳ȴԽ˯Խȡ
һﰲƶҲʪͷȵġŵ͵ĻƣȻɢ
ʪĸоʵڲ˯еomegaŮüܵŤ壬ҪƿצһĻơ
ǣ۳ɫƶȴ̺̣Ҳܴ󣬾ֻǱϷţסһӶһЩ
ף
ΰ֮䣬omegaŮʵ˼кȻһ͸ġλϸݡ
ơ֡
滳ʶ
Ϊʲô֣§ڻ
ξпһȥ滳ѵ۾ŷϲԼĸʲôƶ䣬˯ŤᡢצһϵalphaŮ
˯ʱ򡢺Сʱһ
ǡɫ˯գ滳ԺǸͷ
Ҳģ΢΢ͣɣ˲ġû󣬶ֻἷ
֮ǰͷͱţ˯б¶޿ƣ滳ֶ᲻
Ǹʱÿһ˯С滳ͶûͷġͷСǰԵءһֻ˻ͷȴСֱϡ
С˯ĸãҲûѹС滳ѹôţԼȴֻ͡˯øǶɡ
ڣڲͷˣȴֻ§ͷһ§ڻҲڱһֻߡ
ǵġ
ǣ§ڻ滳ֻǶԼҰˣЩƵؿ롣
Ե
Сǡ
¶ȱȲҹһˬûյ滳ڱѳһĺ
š񾭣ؽԼצһӵȴʵںܲס
omegaŮŬʧˣʵ͸סԼİˣ߷롣
ȵϣͳԵ翾ˡ
ҪȻģһܴܴϴδһȥʳ㳡ʱһųԵǸ
ôţʵʵ§İŲŲһȻתˡ
š
alphaŮЩ۾۾ӳӰֻʶ΢Ц
죬ֻܺһϺã顭
ʲôϰ滳̡ˣ˵һϡ
ֻǿȥԼҰ˴һССǣá
ҧҧ촽ٺ٣顣
ܶˣ˻ڴ൱һڲž𴲡
Ҫɵùͷˡʱô˵԰ɣ顪
滳ǲᡣֻԼ˯ܾáܾãǾֻڴֹȦԼҰˣ˵һ롭
ЦؽӴϰ
飬˵˯ˡ
omegaŮһ
˵ôĻԼȴֵֻģԼҰǸһֻ滳§డࡣ
飬飬alphaŮ޾磬ÿɰŶСèôôɰѽ
滳ڻֻܹһģĿ
һǲ뿪ңѾںһ͵ķȽ嵭ݽ緹֮䡣
ߺЩԺؽ飬ôҸոġ
ʱѹ滳˯˷ұԼҰ˯

omegaŮЩֻ˺һžԼҰ˵½ǡ
С˵ôá
̫ˣõòʵһģֻСŮȼ˻֮󣬿õͼ
ܾԼֵЩ
ԣԵalphaŮЦþԲϻþס֡
ȥԷɣ飿˵ȵꡭ緹ţʱǾϷô
Ϸ
ϷݣȻڷűʩʩȻ
ת̰ɣ顣
Ц˵
ָת˭˭Ҫһ£ȻشԷ⡪ش𲻳ͺһƣĻϷòã


119
ԣǻɳˡ
ɷнµض˳һģת̣ЩǾưɰṩϷߣȻƿƣֻС
滳ЩؿЩȫװԺв⸡ԼҰǲǰѾưɵĵ͵ˡ
漴Цؿ˿ڡ
飬˵ţһСƿƸģҺһƿ
Ϊʲ
һalphaŮǶһȥƻᣬź˶ѽιȥˡһģ㲻Ҫ˯ǰء
滳滳Ͼĺòѽ
Ҳǻ¡Ȳ˼ƾҪκ˯ȥ˵滳֮ǰûھϯϱ˹ƣĹҲҪȺܶࡢںȵθۡ
滳ǶԼĸԣʹҪ϶ҪñͲôõĽ״ѩϼ˪ġ
ţҹһԼҰˣ԰ɶ԰ɣСè
ҲŲǡ
滳ţֻ̧봷ȴһӽס֣Сèһࡣ
Ұҧ촽
ʹչȥ˫Ĵһڣֱ׵Щ԰׵촽ҲȾǳϼɫЦԼĽ˿һȥ
ʣ飬ҪҪʼ
滳ʪĿϣӦš
ת̣һȫûʲôɣֻƾϷֻǶø棬ͷͷһоŷɿתָ룬
˵鶼רעϾͬűƽֳʮƬεתֱ̣ڿսʱɳ̡
һģǳɫָҡҡλΡٶͣ滳ɫϡ
ҮalphaŮССػһȥԼҰ˵ķ򣬡飡
滳ֻЩܴ춢ֻת̣һ㣬̧ɣ
Ǹ鶺ûסЦ
ʲôѽ顣˵ţ῿ȥһ
omegaŮɫһϷľɥԼҿİˣҪڣ
ȡ
ʣµĻ㾡ǽ˴䡣
Ϊ͸ոճԹˮ̣滳Ĵ֮䣬ɢһζӵζ
ģֻǺܿȾȣͬ͸ġȷ佬ı
ļָⵥر§ԼУֻһȲһ֡ҪԼҰ˳׳ԵǽȫȫӵԸ
ûģֻԼҰ˵ļʼΪȱʱſһçײǡ
ٺ٣顣
ֿʱalphaŮ˫ˮƯ۾Ц
ζġ
滳ȵš۾ֻڡغ
飺
ѽѽѽ顪ۡҴalphaŮ˼èèȭܿͶǴ飬ҪŶ
滳ȴĻ
飬ڻв𣿡
ʡֻ۾Ц
omegaŮЩãȻ
˵
İͣޱΪոյǶɢҵĳ𵽶
ʱ䲻ûкúϢ϶ҲûúóԷ԰飬ڻûʲôģ
滳ΪЩֻʶ𣺡ûС
šalphaŮ۾Բ۾͸¶һ֡ҿ͸ζֻ顪
滳ЩҪܿĿ⣬ȴֻա˻
ܣ顣
ҡš
գomegaŮŴ˵
΢еͷָۡҲлʹҾеۡ
̾˿Ȼ󿿹˵ֶͷ
顣С˵
滳۾Žߵˣֻ֣Сοûµģܿͻˡ
š
ӦȻϲֲ䡣
֪ġ顣֪
СһalphaŮûоɥ̫ãԼҰزһ֮󣬾ͺָֻܿ˾
ë޶Լֱ²ؽתƸ滳ðɣǸ顪
omegaŮᲦָ롣
תȦһͣɫϡ
ǣһƷǹһ㡢鶯ȸԾǡ
滳׵κģֻǱܵغţӦԼҰ˵ĶŪֻҲģģءalphaŮĴ֮䣬Ҳˮҵһҷζ
࣡һֿalphaŮעֻǺеЦ
ߺߣ顣Цšһεǣ˯֮ǰʲôɫѽ

Ǹ¶ġãȻı飬alphaŮЦźߺߡ
滳ĿŲšתӣŤ˼½ֺǴкһ
顣Цʣ𰸣
ʲô⡭omegaŮ飬̧Ҫ
ͨЦס֣డ࣬Ҳû˵أ飬֪𣿡
滳ŬţȴʲôҲ벻ʱм䶼ģԡҵڵȷʵʲôҲûˡ
ϰߴӡ
ԼԺѹڴйص
ԴӰҡһ˯֮ǵĶҲ𽥷ŵһҲǣųԲԲ״š
ǵãﾭֵɫǳɫɫɫͼģоǺɫͨԷŴͬһɫϵ졣
һ˫ɫģСǵӡ
ôĻǡ
ɫ滳Żش𣬡ɫģСͼ˫

alphaŮЩգգ۾ûϵµһ
ۣ飬˵㶼֪ѽѽ
ôɵ£滳ҲЩֵ򴽣۾¶Щɫ
ûʲôô˵ѡ
ŶԣalphaŮӦţͷȻ飬ܿϧϴ֮ǰҴȷʵһ˫ϴ֮һ˫µġ˫
˵գٰ뱭ˮһƵıƸ滳ԣ
滳Ĺģǹġ
ѽѽalphaŮҡͷԡСһʾ⣬һȾ飬ֲࡪ
滳ǽӹƱһ˿С
ȷʵ࣬ҲûоƵĴ̱ζݺˮ֦ζġ۵ζ紽ݼ䣬omegaŮʶ򱻾ҺʪĴ꣬һζҲս䡣
ġЩ߷ߵءͷĸԼĲԡ
ǾһȾƺˣԼҵĿѲס
ֻǣҪҲûô򵥡
滳ãһתüΣĹ£ô˼άҲź˺üݾơ
ȻȵľԶҪߣֻĺܲһ𽥾Щκġ⸡ԴҲûôˡ
𽥵أһĪʼ˼άԽתȫҲرúͻ
omegaŮԼҰ˻ΪһεĴܶĹĵҧͷһβת̡
һΣָأͣɫС

alphaŮЩʧطһգգ۾ԼҰˣ飬Ҫʲôѽ
ҡ滳˼š
ԼҰԾҧ촽ɫЩԥ˼⣬۾͸¶ϾԼٵһôô¹شҵһ㣬ЩεЦ
飬alphaŮʣЩ߼Ŀ𣿡
ʤǿȾƣ滳Ҳһ㲻·硣еĿֽдڣм仹ɢżŸֽͷǸߵѧҵ߼żƾ컱ɢһɶ
һΣ滳һġ
ΪƣΪԺʶڵЩҲ𽥵ԽԽ
滳ԴεģԼҰ͸۾ֻļЩίһ򴽣Ҫҧ
ǣ˿ڣʡ
㡭
omegaŮʣɫӨ޺죬ҺȾһƬ
֮ǰй𣿡


120
ʲôѽ
Щ⣬ֻûסЦˡ
ѽ顣
omegaŮֻһֱ壬üëܺ۾뵵ˮʡҲһɣȴ˸һģ涢
滳ô˵˾ĳ㲻Ҫӱܻ⡣
׽˰
ŪúЦΣֻò񻰣ǿȥҪһԼҰ˷촽ȴ㿪ˡ
Ҫף
omegaŮô˵ֻšüͷɫźľζ
ָתˣӦñס
ŶalphaŮ͵ͷӦ£ܿس˴󣬹ô˵ǣ飬һ£
ȴ漴ȵһӡǡ
ȵģһӵɬֻȴһ˿ûжݾƵζ˴֮ӡ
֦ζġ롣
滳ʱļɱ͸һЩΪƾöԴԺġҲЩٶۡ
alphaŮԼҰ˲ôģֻջ̲ס§˻еļȻػǡ
İҪءȡ
Ȼǵø
ڷֿʱomegaŮѾȫĻ۾ʪܵġãȻˮʵؿãһšüջèһؿ飺

㡢ôomegaŮ˵˵㡭
ѽͺ޹գգ۾׵ѽ顣ֻǻӦѡ֮ǰתת㡢ȥʱҲлӦѽ
һ滳ãȻظšüͷ
ƾյȶԴ˼һĵղЩص˵ͷšԡ
ЦȥǣԼлһǵİ˵֣ѽ顪ˣոҪʲôţҽĶ󣿡
˵omegaŮעѾȫתˡ
ǣһ򴽣˵ǰûнˣѣңҪȻͺȾơ
ĺÿɰÿɰ
ķӦô̹ϵù֣˫ʵˮĺ۾Ѿ׵ˡ
ֻ˰ƿûжݾơ
ֱֻ̲̾ס˫ϸյø
èС˵
alphaŮ롣ôƭҪ˻ˣɸô찡

ġȫ˵omegaŮ˿֪㣬ֻǺܲĵ򴽣ʣΪʲôش𣿡
Ц
ûеġ𣬡飬ǰûкͱ˽
𣿡omegaŮһҲţЩɡô
ʦͨЦȥıǼ⣬Ϊ̫ɰ顣Ҿѧ
滳˿ţֻǵסšüͷͼƲЩܡ
㡭˵ǲǡȻûкʽȴЩʱˣ
ۣ飬ɴ۾Һԩ棬
ҪomegaŮûУ
Ǹѵ¶ֻͬСһɵĶģʵ̫ڿɰˣ̲סҪЦ
ͷⶺԼҰˣ飬һ
ǣomegaŮֻܶȥת̡
̫ˣ𽥵죬ָʱָᷢŶҪǲ֪ˣ⸱ģΪ˼ƿ׵ġ
Ǽƻеһ֣Ҳ֪Էû϶پƣ̲סЩۡ
ǽԼҰ§࣬ë׵ķϲ˲䣺顣
Сѩȴ֪ʲôáֻšüͷԼǸצһĻ
̧ȥˣת̣Ҫ֡
Ļ£ָҡҡλΣͣĳɫ
ã
滳һƣСһȥԼİˡ
𰸡
õһȵǡ
޴צ˿Ϸɻץʪƶ䣬һšͽܵʪ͸֦ݾƵζȻǸࡢȡ
Ρ
ҲǺ˾Ƶġ
滳Щĵ롣
ǣȴֻԼôٶֺۣȺȣıȵĻһֻè
ǳ顢ڵצסëСëʪȺ滳Ʋ֡
ȡһ¡
omegaŮκظһͷ
ԼǲǱƭˣ
ΪʲôתԼתܶԼǵκġʲôҲ벻𡭡
ֻǺܿ죬Ҳûȥˡ
ǹããģģأ滳һΪش
ûеġalphaŮȣֻޱֿȳһֱûУҲûйֻ㣬滳
滳Ҫʲôȴ̳Խ̵

ܵءԼҰ˵½ǣֱӿĺû
֦ݾƣһ΢΢ЩζľƵĴ󺣡
ֻӵӵҪ۵ĺȥеֻӵԼĻС
ô
omegaŮظͷֻ־úί
֪۸
ͼڣ
ȻסЩķ
һ㣬顣alphaŮ˵Ҫ
ࡢ
滳Ʋӭ˫ȵĴֻܹӿĺ
ܡȱԴԺģЩίԽԽ࣬Ҫһʪܵĺ
һ˵ġ
Ϊʲô۸
omegaŮţֻίգգ۾Ȼǵ

滳ԽԽףСţҪ֡
㡢أ۸ҡ

æҵذο˺һСѩͣᡣ
°͸ԼҰ˼ϣ滳һһűӡϲĳЩίЩë޵ǳɫˡ
飿Сĥ顪
omegaŮȻޣûġ
ֻǵȵ˵ļ֮ʱĵȷȷһӻˡ޴ذοţԼҰͣ˳ᡣ
omegaŮ۾ͱͷ޵üŶģȴʵںÿɰÿɰ
룬̲סȥպպβ
ỽˣ顪
omegaŮһҧסͷڳݼĥĥ
飬ԲҴˡ治ǹģ̫ˣûע⵽㲻ġҲǹҪ۸ģòã
ãһĻӦ
ûв
û̫壺ţʲô顪
滳ĵؽͷĥĥ
˵ʵǰûйˣ
ûѽҧͷ顭ûУҲƭġ
˵ţԲ۾СһȥԼİˣ飬㲻
Ϊ⣬omegaŮ˱ø̹֮⣬˼άҲЩٶ˵Ƿüͷ룬ھšá
˵ţֻ֣ȥβģûС㡭㡭
ס֣ϸġƾյøָڴǡ
š顣Ӧֻ㡣
ԼҰѾòˣٺһСͻֱ˯ιȥһָոյᣬҲٺȾƣɴ§ڻ
顣ô˵Ҳ۸ġΪ⳥ǾͲǸϷˣòãʲôҶش㣬ʲôҲҪңòã
omegaŮκģҲٿˣֻüͷһͷá
ǣ顣
ʡ
һ⡪֪飬ǻº¡Ǹ˼Сûʲôϵ

omegaŮЩٶ۵صԼļ䣬ģش
ûСΪСʱΪҼ̸ҵĸʱѵңҹڴؼܺڡȻǻص֮ҲƵ¡ԡһе¡
ءһһţ·˵ĸǷԼϵһݵļֻޱƽţȴԼĿҪˡ
ЩΪոյۺǶֻҪⶳɴ˷˪
̲סҪ뵽һСС滳ֻôһ󣬱һƬĴšһ˫ֵ̿ĺ۾޵ÿҪȥģ
šӦָսԼҰ˵֣飬裬̸顭ٸҶһ㣬òã
š滳ʼҵĸ
ԼҰΪжķʵԽ࣬Խʪظеѹ
ЩƮƮĻѾܹƴճԼҰ˵ͯꡣ
׺ݵļ̸ҪĸʩԱ͵ĸ־ԼɷıȴֲΪԼжԼССŮͷԼί⡣
ЩһǸžˡȴҲޱ䵭¶СŮ
Ų䵭ء̲ס롣
İˣôɰô
Щ䵭Ϊ˱Լһ߰ˡ
ҲѹֵʱңңԼʱԼҰ˵ķӦô
һһ¼ˣʧȥԼޱȺõļͥҲ뵽ľȥ
ֻ룬Ҫ̾
ôᣬˣomegaŮԴԼȴộԼľһνѡ
ԼҰ˼ձǣּڡ
飬ʣǹƻ˫ʵƯ۾šڣʲôҪҪģʲô
Ͼ滳ɫһӱú۾Ҳè俴һֻԼͿϵľ޴ɡ
ҡ
ãڻش
С컨omegaŮ𣬡ҪС컨
ôɵĴȴ˵һǸСһ̲סҪЦסˣֻЩʣС컨飬ҪС컨ʲôѽ
omegaŮϲֲ䣬ֻſĻһ˹ҵһλãһҲԸٶˡ
ԣڿһԼҰ˵۾
ˣ飿

һ滳źȻѹ
ҪʮȻǸƷҪһԸ
һָֻǣҡţ˵
Ҫȥһطһţܵĵط
ôѽ顣
һʱҲЩ棬ʡ
ʲôңòã
İ˾ҡͷš
߾ܾţ߰ԼţҪܿ˵ĹԴΪ롣
ԼҰѾϣɴ§ȥϴ˯
ãڣ˶һˬػصҴϣ§Լڰΰʱ֫Ը̹ϵomegaŮȻЩУʣ
飬ԸԸȥҵǣ
滳ģģģǿ̧ţ
alphaŮЦ
ǹɣ


121
滳˰ϵΡ
ƾ£κԼҰȵĻμ֦ζġ޾Ĵ󺣣͸ɫƽһСϣڴƮƮ
˺ҹȻðһֻʹ㣬ɫĴ֡žذĴϣز
ȴ̵þˣ滳Ļʪܵģȥһĺ
ﲻšҪѿĻֱɿЩͷһĴomegaŮءһ˰ĵĳߡ
׹ߵһ룬˵͵šһκЦ̾Ϣ
ǣԼҰ˵ӵomegaŮûˡģһǸ˲䣬Ȼεİߡ
Ǹϣ滳˯úܺá
ֱڶ졢Ȼѹʱ̴Ӵһһػʲô
ӦǸϷ˼ƣκر˺ö໰ȻȻ󣬻׿ˡ
ˡ
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Сè䣬϶ܺҧalphaŮ˵ţҪȥԼҰ˶ҧһ£԰ɣ顪

оʵвȽ滳̲סˣһҧ촽

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Сô죬ɹ
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ѽalphaŮʹ𣬼滳ѾȫˣɴһſȥűӡԼҰȥǰûк˵СʱСһֻè
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滳ԺмһӸһֻġСһͰʹµë޶İצ㡣
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ҧĲأȴҲһαҧǳһģԲ۾ȥԼİˡ
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Ūҳһŵ˯ȹã˴׼ȥѸٳ裬alphaŮžžવĽŲԼʵȰСë³ȡ
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滳ٳûзӦ֡ģԼҰǰֻΣӣ˿ʲôصġ
滳ɫ԰׶ϾһеεЦȥǣ滳֣飬еţǲǣ
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ŶalphaŮҲеƵģѽ飬ԼӡúܽǿȥʮӾ͵ˡ
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Ӵ飬ûµġСˣôȥһ裬ǳ򵥳һ緹òãģǵһ˵
ššá
omegaŮӦѾ𽥻ָƽȻת糣ءֻ׼ȥԡϴ衣
Ȼڹսǵ˲䣬ֺһ˴ϡ

滳ʧֻʹȥʶȥԼĽֺ
״alphaŮһ˹ȥҲߣЩæҵضԼͷŵİ¿ֿҲţȴֻõͷҡͷܾ
ʹ𣬴飿ҪҪҰһ£
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Ұ˵ûкһ𡪡滳˾ʱ£ʮʱװһͨ绰ˡ
Լ滳깫˾֮󣬾Ҳȥصǡ˵ǿ϶ᳬԭʱ䡣
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״alphaŮ˹Ҫ滳֤ԼԲһ͵͵֮ܵҲȥˡ
ʮӵĳ̹ȥ÷ɿ죬ڵ³ͣóԺű߼ʵڼݱʱİ˵ӡ
Ϊ˼ѡŵˣomegaŮصûдøʽҲͷһûȫװسڹ˾С
Ϊֻһгͨ䱻˰˷䣬ǵ͵صǳװɫֻȴźƤèèݵƣųķס
ϴʱŵġèͼɫ㣬ĳ͸ոպһԡ
һףٲһƤЬθԵøϸ޳
滳ĳɢһ˳ֵ֮Сӣޱ߱һԵС
ֻǻԼҰôġֻΪԼ¶ģalphaŮɫ۾ﲻЦ
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ֵͲһǽϵĵʾͼŵַͻݵƣȷԼûߴݮɫصֻĻ˵򡪡Ϣÿ˶һϢ·¼һɣֻ÷䵱еעⲻԼ
ֻǱϾʵ̫ˣһѾۼڷ⣬ʹȺܵҲˣ滳ûע⵽
ֻǵڣȻšһ㶯ҲûУֻ˵ǻҪŸ¡
ţֻ̲סҪ̾ҪЦ
߹ȥԼǴкݮݮС
alphaŮˣеζȻûκһ˿еζصغǴкЩççײײСעԼϢء
ꡭǹݮţһ̧С㣬С
ȹεС꣬ٱε飬ЩεڸеʱݮǸʵʵĳСܺԼ׽εô֣ϷȫޱóĽһֱݡ
ʱ˵ţСָָŵķ
С㣬СأǸСܣ
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ðɡٳʶȵ棬˽죬ݮ϶ҪӳԼˡ
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ֻСôһ˼鵽·ܽĿŤš
ӳЩ谵İƹ⡣İ˰ɳһˡǸ顪ݮǴŻΪ䵭ֻóǷǿŽǵģ
飡
ǣalphaŮЦ߹ȥǣԼҰ˵֡
ôûϢѽܾǲãݮݮεãȻСҶС
ݮվǵͨ죬òűһ䣺á
ֻ༸Ҳһһ̬
״ԼҰЦЦ׼ȥмСѽ
ѽݮݮˣȽȽ˵

ݮȻʶʲôƵģһ̧죬۾˼صɵúܴܴ֮ȥ
СС㣬ǡ
ţɻ󣬡ôˣ
㡢㣬˵ɹǼݮޱ𾪵ءڼѵ˵ǡڽ𣿣
ûа
ԼҰˣô
ڹݮܹ¶һ֮ǰֺȻסˣ滳ҲֻǻЩǱѹȥ۾ֻ΢΢Ц·ѩڡ
ǻûн顣
滳ģһЦ⡣
ֻǶ˶ѡ


122
öǺЩĸԣһγ׵׵ıڹձҲ𽥻
ǵļصѡòˮ½ϣʳҲܿ˺ɶԸеѡֵǸеսս滳һۡһۣԥԥѡһ׸滺֡
ʱȥС滳ɳһǣڷҡεĻ谵ƹ͵͵ǣ֡
飬ԼҰߣ̧оôǲǻãûʲôԵѽҪȥǱһ㡪
ôţССomegaŮָ֣ϱȳһƣֺܿʮָһ
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ĵͷݮճһ׸裬ʵĺ棬ֺ̲סǵСɳԱȥǴڨ
СС㣡˷Զһ㣬²ţǸСܡ
滳־Ϳԡ
รݮͷתȥɿ˱ˮɳݸ滳㣬̺ܺóԵģʲôġ
˿е㵣ԼҰ˲̫ܽܳԱ˵ݹĶӹͿ滳˵ͷˣлл
Ŷ
alphaŮЩɻ۾ȥԼҰˡ
ˣݮͺ񱻹һ°ؼ졣
滳㣬СôʶѽزסʣʲôʱһİСúýǶһҲûŶʱ䶼ôһˣʲôҲ˵ǲŲǲ̸˵ģôܣһǡ
ֱǻǹһžһ㶼ͣģͬˮһⱼڣеץסص㡣
滳ͷţȻȤؿ˿ڣݮݮ
ݮһ񣺡ڣ
ո˵һȥ档滳ʣƽʱʲô
ݮ÷ɿ죬ɫƺȤǾ˸߲ҵؽɣʱһȾʲôģǸճ겻ܺȣʱҲȥϷߡ
ĵͦãԼҰ˱ˮɳҲżһڣɴȥȡЩ㡣վƷԥһ˼ֻɵȥ
ٻȥʱҰ֮ĻٲȻѾӡƽʱʲôˡľô
Сˣϴһȥһ֪ʲôĪеĹҪڨҶأСһͺûˣ
ݮô˸߲ҵؽţԱ߼СԴסصͷ͡
ʱС㳬˧ŶһӸɵƣһô±˵
ҪƽʱҲҪ⼸ԼСǰһβ͡Կ伸ġ
ȻʱalphaŮԼҰһƽ޲΢΢׺΢Цĺ۾ٿרע飬ȴȻеһӼĺ⡣
ŽУ飿
ţomegaŮ΢΢ôˣ
ɫֻƽ糣ֺǷɣһ˫۾ﺬЩЦ⣬ʲôҲûУȴʱеһ˵顣
һӴ˸İЩŻŵصݳ̣㡢ǸҪҪԵ㶫
รݮɿشչС㣬úó԰ɫҲÿҲҪԡ
ûġؾøɴ࣬ҪԣԼǱȥ
ݮ죬һƲСС
滳ЩεؽƣûµġҳԲôࡣ
ǣ
ݮһ˾񣬼ߡ
Ȼ̸˾ǲһ滳㣬㶼֪Сǰɲġһ̸ϲˣĶһˡ㿴ոǸ飬鰡֮ǰ˵Լϲƽʱ򣬿ɲ
һΣʱ˺󱳣ԼãŻææ뿪ֹȴ滳õֶһ٣󣬱Ȥؿ˿ڡ
ǰomegaŮʣšϲʱôģܺ˵˵𣿡
ۣǣݮ˸߲ң滳㣬ʶˣҡ
ݮݮ
ƴСգ۾ͼ
Ȼݮ˿ûнյİʾ滳ע⵽ˣֻ˵ɣݮݮ
ŶŶãݮ˵ţ˵Ǻܾ֮ǰˣҽҵģ˵ССѧ
סˣֻؿԼϵױ˸ɾ
ݮ²طţӡСʱ׷ŴƵܡһҪͬһѧٵ˽ͼԼƳʧܡһһ
ˣлУڵʱò׷ż٣СǳҪƽĻҵĻܡ
ҵط֣ԼҰšף˫۾еɫԽԽŨͬ
ôˣ
alphaŮʼվ滳ƻЩƵģڡ
ѽ
š
alphaŮأֻ·ѾԼԴ׵İЦűʵδ


123
İϣĵʵ̫ͶԵalphaŮͼ廰޹һȱϵԱȥÿе˷糪裬òײŵԻ
գŵõ滳ߵλãذ̣ԼҰ˫䵭ĺ۾ԹԸСɺɿ
һߣݮ²ؽţˣ˵滳㣬֪һҽ˵ģ˵ǸʱֹΣСصһˮȻ󡭡
ԭѾҪ׷ˣ£һ̧ͷŻŽˣȣȵȵȵȣݮݮ
滳һۣС
û£ݮݮ
omegaŮ˵ᣬһӴ˸
˵
ŶŶáǸûͳȥС㻹ûԷҽ˵Ϊڴƽ߸ոպС
ݮţȻʶԼ˵ǸСǰĶֻȻס˿ڡ
һ۾Ŀ֮ɿţ԰С㣬ǡ
ʲôǣݮСͬѧôʱ䲻𡣡
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𽲹ͷû裬ϽԼȥˮȥ
С㣡Ҫ
ݮalphaŮΪֱ׼ӳȥ
滳Щεڣ۸С
ԣͷɥؿԼҰһۣӦ£ม
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֮ǰ滳ǰԼСġ
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滳վʣҪʲôҳȥɡ
һСǺܿ챨Ҫ滳ͷӦ¡ŶվԱĿԼҰһۣС飺飬ҡҲһȥɡ
滳һۣûԣԾžžસȥ߹հ˹յĻ谵ȡ
飿ǣalphaŮС׷ˣе㲻ǰ顢顪
Ŷ
滳վԭأƳһۣ΢Ц

Ǹ΢Цʵ̫Ͼһ˫۾䣬ŨƯĽëҲڼ滳ˡ
ţĺëҪըˡ
󡢴顭
Сıʱ˸ͼ⡣
Ǹҡ
ܻţ
omegaŮ۾Ц
ʱĻΪڳûͳȥܿϧɣ㣿
ĸ֣һһҧ˵ģһ㲻컣ŹɺݾҪҧһһ
һʱ䣬alphaŮֱ֪ǸΪ˶ԷڽԼ㡱ӦΪ顣
޴ءǸ˺һȱȻҪͣ϶͸ޱȵĻź;ᡣ
滳ֱһֻżԭزͣתľС
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滳ȤصԼҰ˺һε̲ס顣
ֻǣЦȴһӱһǶסĻ
ࡢء
omegaŮͼ̧־ҪˣҰȴֻΪǽǸؼȥ
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ɿζӿšϽףմʪû
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ڷֿļ϶滳Ŷ⡢ȣҪԼҰ˻
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alphaŮֻס󣬽еֿΪУеءôǸ
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С㣡չȥЩ˵ڿֻôϢأ滳أǻΪԼܳȥء
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С㣬ҸоŶĺϲϲ滳ɣ֮ǰԴƽĳݲһ
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ǡҪ˵ĻҾǻԶһ֣Բԣ
Ҳ΢΢¶Ц
š
ô˵̧֣ڽָǸλã֣ء
Ȼǻһֱһġ
Ҿ֪ݮЩ˷ܣ滳ŶƯЩʲôĲŲһС
ǵȻӦȻϣˣݮݮʱ˳㡪ȥȥȥȻȥɡ
ڰ˷ܲѵСøϻ˷һֻջؿڴתԼļе
飿ˣЦݮݮ˵ء
omegaŮֻǶڱĻ谵̧ˮĺ۾һۡ
һҲûУֻߵܻ
ᱻʵΪոǸʵ̫Ҳ̫ڣomegaŮļҲΪȱЩ
˭պĶʪ촽ӵ糺ɫգ˫ˮʵĺ۾һ֮ʶ֮䶼ʲô
滳ôߡ
ǣֻ߹ʱ򣬿жǸǡԼ˲ˡ
顣
ǣڶȥԼҰʪ޺촽
Ц˵úСҪҵ
˵ţalphaŮסԼҰ˵֣ʮָۡ
ݮݮ˵ǻԶһء
omegaŮ˹ӡһҧһĹĵǡ


124
ʰûȥ뼸С˺ܳһʱ䣬һһ˶衣
Ȼֳе㲻Դǣ滳ɵʱǸܺõߣԴΪСܵĳ⻷ǵ൱
СʳͷʱԹݮΪףһȺСΧ滳ߴߴֱһȺëޡȥСһϴֺܳ
ڵ֥ʿζһȵԼҰ˻᲻Ϊ̫ӻ̫е
ֻǣ滳СѵеķӦȴӦøãԽӹݮġպ˷ѽ֥ʿҧһڣȻԷصһͷ
ʲʲôЩƵ롣
ͷת˲һֵȡ
Ǹ顭
alphaŮĥĥֻȻҧԼҰһڡ
ɬɬеǴŴϿǹһͷؿתתԽԽ
ԵģҧһڣҾ滳Ǹ԰ϡ
ոջΪȾɫĺΣָ֮䡢Ϊ
ôƯƯֻ̿Ҫ࿴һۡЩͬ챦ʯһεĺɫͻᱻһ㡣
̲סôһֱһֱؿȥţȻǷƯռ
ǡֻһСЩȴȻͲˡ
İ˵ĸôֲϲʣȴԸЩӵӵشصСһм䣬ĵÿģһ񶼲ָԼ
ԣҪҧһڲС
һǸ԰׵һöʪĳݺۣЩָ˵עomegaŮãȻίԼȻ

һȫȫغϵȻģһƬӯë
㶵̧ͷ
ԼҰ˷Ŵúܽ˫۾һ
omegaŮĴ΢¶Ļ
ʲ
Ȼġ
մˮݮζ
ģҲ죬滳Żŵ˿ȥѡڡغ͸ˡ
ࡢ
alphaŮ޹촽µһ˿ֻͷô
滳㡭
ֻǣոջŻŵ˿ȥʱĶ̫ˣһ׼뿪Ҳ׷ײĿ
ô滳㣿
滳æֱҡҡͷûô
ŶݮӦǺðɣ滳ǿŶ
תͷȥʰɢһԵı滳Լİˣҧ촽۾ߵˮ졣
ģҶԱߡ˵ߣ
ⲻûп롣
Ҫǰ仰Ҳ˵ǰ˿϶Ҫˡ˵ҪزˡǣȻû˵
ֻԼҰˣ޹գգ۾ȥǣԷ֣顭
õ̫ͷҲΪոմǸɣȥܺǿͰ͵С滳Ҳǣˡ
ɹյԼҰ˵֡ЩԼעЩЦ
ٺ١
ǣԼҰ˱ϸ֣ػΰΡ
飬Կˡ
ʲô
omegaŮЩεֻḩز鿴ݣֱߵĿ

С˵ᣬû취ӡ
㲻˰ɡ
˳ȥŷСϷżֻձиտյĥɰƿ²һǳɫ͸Һ塣ȷʵǾơ
ʵֻ϶ѡ޾ƾĹ֭ˮ
͵ģomegaŮע˫۾ᣬƽʱ¶ȸߣ·¹ڻһʧȥ˽͵ԡ
滳ôᡭҲɣ
ǣalphaŮֻԼˣ۾Ц
ЦŻˣ顪
ðɡҰЩε̾Ĭˣػ˶СѺ˵ǺݮݮǴкͻȥˣòã
ôеôװ
ܲ˵ţ죬׽ԼҰ˵ֲ˵ˡ
Ĭе˾֮һоͱü򵥺ܶˡͬǴкֿ滳˰ԼѳȥԼĳֻɫЩΪѡ
alphaŮںϣһֻë޿Լ֣ЩԥԼҰɫ۾

šԼԼҰҲ״̬alphaŮɴ˳ˮۣԵ飬Ϊʲôҡѽ
滳鿴
ǽʲô
ݮǡݮݮôȫalphaŮԿرﲻ飬ô
˫۾㶣һӳεЦ⡣
̾
ҪalphaŮίͰ͵꣬顪
á
滳̾˿ˣֻû취ؿźǰС
ǡҪʲôС㣿
һһţСһɵķҲںСӡ
𣿡
˳ǣסԼҰ˵ڶԷһӽԼǰſȥҧԷ촽
omegaŮе㶵ر˺üڣһӺˣȴֻε
˵еʹ
ȷʵ
촽ҧһС飬ݺҲеˣͰ͵ģǱһݮ
ϸţСݮһ鱻˵ɫ
Ǻ
İˣֻİˣֻܳζ
ͷ̲ס¶һЦ
˶ԡ
滳ŪߵֻǰıϾǸСҲûж㣬ֻǺŶ⡢ľalphaŮ䣬ʩΪ
ߵ÷
㡣alphaŮҪ󣬴ָʹԾ飬ҿǽأҽ㣬ҽ㡪
ôŽֻȮһԼҰϲҪӵ˿Լһ㶼ûнӣɵòС
һ¡omegaŮʶ㣬ȡ
ܣ
飬ҽ㡪
ͷ̵ë޵ģ滳߲䰡䣬omegaŮֱ㣬ջǵвǿơ
㡣
գ԰׵omegaŮǲ˵Ӷ쵽˲
֮ǰԴʱ滳йģһ˵պȫͱˡ
ֵᣬߵÿҪ˵һƬССѩֱȾ̺εƯɫ
΢Ľëĺһ㣬һͻڻ

㶵ءԼİˡ

ؿ˿ڣٽһ飿
һգգ£omegaŮëţͨ죬ߵüˡ
޺ʪ촽΢
㡭
ùԡ
ͿȥçײءأԼİˡ
ùԺùԣҵСá


125
ڳĥ˺þúþãalphaŮܺõطӳΪŵ㡣
磬һǿӲ

𽥱Ⱦᣬ۵ζҲŨǵζģȴ滳
һ£˲԰׵ĶҲ
ֿʱ滳Ŷ䣬˫ˮĺ۾ֻءȴû˿ɱصһۡ
ô顭
СʣҲȾõ͵͵ģ·Ҳ̡סԼҰϸָ
ôҵ
㡢omegaŮ׵εģҲֻر̹ϣĹĵ˵ô
ڳԴ
ֻ㡣ЦԼҰ˲Ǽ⣬ֻǡţǡú츳
滳죺ҲŲš
ǸһȴԸ뿪ձ¶ȡ̲סֱ߲ģʵ̫ɰˣalphaŮ̲סҪЦ
ѽ
˵ֻǲؿø̵һȥ
ڶԷѾʧȥ˻Ӧнʱؽǡ
ȻalphaŮ˵ҪȻ飬ҽǵķʽòã
˫ޱȵãȻͬڱʯ۾Ц滳촽
omegaŮκġԼҰ˵ָֻܵĻš
ǣ滳ٽһ㣬Ҿͽ
ǣͲգӦ㡭
ǸССģֲԾζô񡢺񡪡ӵšŵˣκΨһ
ùԺùԡ
һò񻰡
ĺ񻯳һࡢͯһɫĺʪģָɣ޻Ƶġ
ĺÿɰ
ǡСգٽһ
ǱˣҰ˾ȻûеСèһ̵ֻãȻӦţȻ˵ͷ
šССģ㡣
ŵʱָָ֣߬èһСģȣޱɰһ˵
еҲһףҲҪһࡢºۣȻ󳹵׾ΪС
ǣֻЦԼҰ˵Ĵ꣬Ȼһؽ̵
ǵʱӦ
ǣӵǽű˴ǵķ
omegaŮݮζĺһһѧϰЩٶ촽⡣
šһǵļ϶İԵģ滳ҪػӦҡ
ǸͣЩջ󣺡ٽһ飬ҽ㣬òã
Ժػش𣺡ء㡭
Ȼǵø
Ϊȹ˾ƵġomegaŮôκ뵽
ƾζԴȴεġֺȺȣҲʵ˳
ء
ֻءԼҰ˵½ǡ
ءomegaŮë˲һξӨᣬ㡭
һ漴ȥ
ţҵСѩ

ùԡ
˺þúþãһֱֿ滳ҲԼҰ˻ã̵һϵ
ЩйƵԼҰ˵ָ֣
omegaŮ˲䣬šҪֱӣҪع˾ġ
Ǿͻֱ׳ӵסڻȥҲü
滳عͷɫ

ûôѽ顣
alphaŮֻ˵̧ޱɢĳ
ͷеɢҰ°һһ㡭
滳ѻԹԱָ˳ųɫȴе
ǡ
ôС˵
촽
alphaŮ󲻽⣬ϵĶֻͣɿظԼҰ˲ɢķ裬ɺȥ˾ӣ飬β𣿡
滳Сȵص˵ͷ
ĳΪãΪҲ¶Ĺŵţϴ¶ζôalphaŮָ䣬ɫѺ
ô˷裬ö˫ĳɫϺתǰȥԼҰ˵촽
š
ţҪԼҰʪ󷢺Ĵ΢΢ȥһСƬomegaŮèһ֡
ҾûŶ顣˵ǡһףģ̫˴ĻҲġʹҪҪһҵ󴽸ࡪѽ
ԼһµεЦ
ôҪѽ顣
滳ҧ촽۾Ⱦøʪܵġ
飬˵Щ
˵촽ܺ졢еסʲôġǱǳġomegaŮίô롣
ԼĶ̵ò񻰣ȴôνءھ˵ѵẦߵ
alphaŮֻǺ޹ͷ֪Լʲô¡ֻǡβͷɵҡŵСë
Ϊеɡ
ǣ滳ֻԼеĹĵٵԼҰһۣջһΪ޹С
飿

滳ֻ̾ܿǵõùֵĿ⣬ͼԼͨĶ䡣
ʣȥҹ˾𣿻ؼҡ
ѽѽ
alphaŮ÷ɿ죬һֱ塣
ұ֤ԹԴ칫ң϶㡣ȥ顣
˵ĵһ˫Բ۾ԼҰˣͷɶ̵ɢڼͷ滳ҲǺԺذͦصĽëˡ
ոǸǵȻڴϣЩɵڵ˵ͷ
š滳Ӧȥʻλðɡ
ðɡʲôѽͿ飬ۣ飬ô鲻Ըѽֲڰ칫ô
ǣǡomegaŮӦţ㲻ô
ӦȻӺӾԼɵİȥȻջһĹĥС
滳ûסЦ
ոջ˵Լǽء
omegaŮţ̲סҪҡҡͷ
ǸɹһƵʱһ
ʱŸոհalphaŮƻҲ󡢸ˣŴͱһ§Լš
Ϊ̫ǿϴֵСˣalphaŮ̲סգգ۾˿ڣ飬ʲôģ
ţ롪
滳ӣӦ
ΪʲôҪҽ㣬ȴֻҴѽ
ջһޱĻش
alphaŮšüͷ˼˺һӦ
Ŷ
ǣ飬ҪҽʲôѽŻıʣšװģ
£omegaŮĶ䡰ڡغˣּ

ร飬㲻ϲ
ֻǼһʵţԼҰԽԽĶ⡣
ǡСС棿Сѩ


126
һ·ϣalphaŮֱĳƺȫ˸飬Цְüڳһ
װģ
滳ֹ޹ֻܶȥװνģˣȴѾò񻰣·һͻγݮ֭ô
СһʶomegaŮôԼŬҪպĶա
ͣ˳Ҳеİơգգ۾ſڳԼҰˡ
ԣ飬ϲĸѽ
滳ڡȷԼ󣬱ˣ
alphaŮͷǺܹԵظˣಽСѼһĽŲǰߡ
žžણǺܹԡ
ΪΪԣѾֵôˣƺĬŲڹϱ¶˹ϵġ
տġʱܳ˵Ĺ˾ͣȻҲڡ
ǣôţ۰Ͱ͵ԼҰ˵ֲ֣ȥǣеġ
Сˡ
滳롣֣ܹԵشŶۡëҵòеĽɫ޻ǹ
Ϊոڳϲע⣬alphaŮͷҲеˣֻǻûʰ̵ø
滳žе̲סҪȥɵķȻЩķβ˳
̲ס̾
ǣomegaŮˣ㡣
ţ
ԲԲ۾Сһչ
ô
Ұͷ滳ô˵̫ҡ
alphaŮӦ㽫˷˸⿪ԷԺЩŤķһͬһѹӢķ˿£ָ˳Ȼɿ˸С
ͷȷʵӲ־ģôһСԺʱеֻСβ͡
顢顣
Сβ͵˻ֹסػͷԡҪ
顢ȵѽ㻹ûиҴء
ССɷȥҡţ͸Сβˡ
ʹأ滳ָ֣²˲
βϵȥһ㵯ԣһССĻȣɰ
Լоֵȴ֪ΪΡԲ۾ֻԵеģ͸ɰˡ
滳̲סι˾СӣСβһ
ú桪
ۣ飡
رһСӣźȻӦ˦˦ͷǸϴС˦ëһתǸС糵һֻֻ̧ԼСӡ
飬alphaŮߣɰ
ң
滳롣
Ųᡣ
Ȼˡ
ֱ׳֣ŪǸëޡŵСӡ
Ϊм䣬ֵţ͸ˡ
ҲŲɡ
ǣomegaŮ˳µءƽ˿ɵҪ
һ¡
ܾҪҪҪ
ǣһֱԱ߶㣬ͷҡǲ˹ģ׷ȥӸֽǶͼͻalphaŮԼСӵķһ¡
ôţտͣһʱֻ˽ӶҵĽŲһˮϡ
alphaŮͱϲ٣ôޱضţ㱻ץ˼϶ֱҲػСϣ滳ôҲû취ͻƷë޵ķҡ
òץסһ©˹ȥȴֻܹalphaŮֱ
omegaŮܲĵˣֲԾζһ£һ¡

Ұ˾ܾ÷ɿ죬ҡͷ
顣
һ¡滳ǸСӻġҾһ¡
Ҫ
һ¡
ôһalphaŮҲе㶯ҡˡԼҰ桢ԼҲûϵζʪܺ۾Ȼ뵽
šǡ飬ٽһ㣬͸ô
ʲôѽ
滳͵
ĺ֡һγ˳óԵʳͷȻʳ֪ζСȥػҪٳһΡ
滳һҲеģëСӵջ̫ˡԼһǺܲضҡˡ
һͿԣ
ţͷһ¡
滳Ҫ󣺡ҲҪ
ȵ칫Ҫ֮ɳԱߣһ߿ļһԼҰ˵Сӡոպá
šѽalphaŮеӣЩβͣǾǴ
С滳ּۻۣһ𡣡
ô˵ţ˿ûʶԼࡢ̸һСӿɲģֿɰҪ
ֱЦЦٵߣֱֱ׵ĵӱƻȥ
omegaŮšüͷ㲻ҪЦһ㡣
Ӵֱû취
ûб֡滳ִŵҪ涺èһСӸɵˣԷȴһ飬Ҫһ㡣
alphaŮһƬ
룬è
ááӦ΢սһ㣬ԼҰ˷СС˵ǣ飬㵽ʱһ¾Ϳԣòã
ǿ̫ԼҰ˵ľߣƬ԰׵ļһӺˡ
ҡҡԼҰ˵֣ʣòѽ顣
ΣomegaŮüӦš

÷ɿ죬죬ЦⰻȻ
ǣڽҽɣ顪
滳̧ס֮󣬻ǺŶ䡢ССг
㡣
֪ǷΪڹϣڰ칫ʱ䡢ȫûڣ滳ߵøֻԶڳﻹҪߡ
Ǹ̫ˣССġѩûб״أֻڵһƷ統оɢˡ
ԼҰ˵֣ôľ룬Щ塣
ǣС˵
̫С飬û
𸴣omegaŮߵøˣ԰ϵ¶һյúܸߺܸߣйƵָǽг
㡣
ţЦȥķֲ̫ĻҸողõβùѽ滳Сá
ȻѴӦˣҲ΢΢ͷ˸ĽǶȣԼСӸԼҰ档
顣
滳ô񡢺۾ӳԼĵӰֱúòС
顣ôʣô𣿡
omegaŮͶ룬ֳš
ۣ˵Ц飬ǲӦèѽôġ
ԣ滳ءûʲôɱصеҪҧһڡ
Ų
ţе׵ģϵȴȻأҲקССԼë޵ˣ
ôţ滳Ūķ裬еģָżľ䡢ǿʵġ
оԼҰ˵ָʵ̫ˣҪ塣
Ҫůͺˣ롣һֱôȶģͺܺˡ
ôţиһԺȻ
ϰ壿
Ǹ˲䣬滳ŵü˸飬
һӻŻŵջ˻СӺ֣򴽣ڱİ칫״̬Դķ
ǸͬװĵŮԣʶԼӡԷӦ滳ֱϵǴǵģǸƺͿ֪
Բ
ԼѾСܵİ˵ͷǰһƺͨΪЩΪѡ
λҵͬ£ԲҰˡ
ͬԼкŮЦЦԼҰˣŷomegaŮĶǺŵģΪոյɺǱȥˣɫΣɰҪ
ոջã滳ǸСء
һȫûб
չȥԼҰߺĶ䣬ֻǱϾڣԷƺҪһ·һ·̸۹¡ֲֿģЩΪѡ
ɴͷ⡣
˵Ŷ˵ȥһҲû˷ϢҾͺá
滳еԥǵϾǡơ˵ģ̫һˡ
û
ЦһԼҰû취ǰƣȻomegaŮҧҧ촽ڡغ˶⡣
ҾȥһһϴģòãʲôҾϵ
ΣomegaŮȡԼĹе
š
ͽĿúõװڴģԼҰЦ
Ŷ
ߵԶЩԼԼ̸
ƺ˵ᡣ
滳Щʲôû塣Ҳµõ϶ǲǺĺûʲôеĹĵĻش
һߣ滳ԣȻֻ΢΢Ŀ⡣

滳ӦողŪԷë޷ָ⻹Щ̣Ҳ͵͵ţڴµ
ܹոǸơֻ˵뿴ģǱ˵ʱҲĺһ䰮
ʲô֮ġ
omegaŮС
ɹѡ
*
ߣԼҰ˵Ĺһ·ǳͨ˿տ˵Ľ
Ͼǹʱ䣬ûʲôڽalphaŮҵ˿յǫ̃̄űˡ
еġ
ոԼҰ˲ŪСʱĹŹִУ·Щڷ䣬ţֻԵ¶ȴȻˡ
ûˡ
ǡǡ෴롢ѽָ
ޱԼʱװƽ塣
ȥ̸պԼﻭͼñԷû˾ϲ
ǣĺѻ
ָԪأЩ뷨ǲ֪ܲʵ֣ڲʵٻҪһʸרҵƽ㣬
УʶЩҪǡ
alphaŮƽ壬ֹסطֲҧرʣֻܹӰ淭

ıζڴݼ䡣
ͷ̧ԼСӵķβػ
ϸţƺѾһööָԼҰָģ
ãֱһȻǰ

װƺǲĴҴҵظϹģվǰɫЩصšüͷ
ʣϰ壬Ǹˡ̸̸𣿡


127
ڻȥԼҰ˰칫ҵ·ϡ
ʱ칫Ҳպ̸꣬Բ˳칫ҡŵشţһס⡣
alphaŮССرȻһ°칫ţʾ⣺ڿԽȥ𣿡
ֻϰڡԲ͵ͷûġ
รЦл
Ȼ˵ȴҲû̽ȥԲӰʧСҲԶȥ֮վԼҰ˵İ칫ǰֻǴŰ֡
˼Ժл
ոգ˵Щ
ã˾Ƶģ̾һáȻƿš
顪
滳ԭڰ칫ǰЩͷƵѹüëǰĻʮңԶģֻһ˫۾ͺȻһʻͬ¹⡣
omegaŮӦôˡÿ졣
Ȼ鵭ģȴѷ֧°ϵ֡ϣָⴹڿУƺԼҲûЩįƵģǵȴԼҰȥס
ȻӦʣǱչȥסomegaŮ֡
ϸϸݵģ䣬ܱġ·ܹȾڻ
alphaŮǱЦ
š˵ûʲôġͻ
װ˵ЩϽüĿ֮ѻǡ
װ˵˼СвжôΣաҲͻĳֲɾֶΡƲ滳Ż˵Ĺϵܡ
滳һҪˡ
ԡװô˵š滳˵ʲôԶĻһҪ˶˵ʧȥġ
ʣ滳˼𣿡
ǵġ
װվһŸӵǸΡ
ô˵ΪΪ滳ѺˡȻ֪ЩԽװ˿飬ͼΪǶ˵һ塣
ֻ滳̫ˡ
omegaŮصǶʱ俪ʼʱľϰ廯ΪأһҪѧװΪѧͬߣȴȡ
ֱ滳һ𽥱ò֪ͬalphaŮԼλѧá˾жôҪ
Լ뷨֪ҲԽ̸ǡǸĺܶԲ𡣡
󣬵ʱûлش
װֱ𵽻һ·ЩһֱԺתתװеġѧǸ尾Ź滳ҲԷ˵ģԼ滳жôҪЩˣı
ѾҪˣûнָ
alphaŮһ·Ƶ롣
Ǹܲܡһ˼ƴҪƿɡ
ֻڣԼҰ˵ʱȻһޱȵġ
ڿǣأ滳û취ܵ
ǣ滳ǰıʼǱʹչȥԼҰգ˴˲˲֮󣬲ע˫ĺ۾ſ˿ڡ
顣
alphaŮѭѭգǣԼҰ˵
ûʲôҪҵѽ
⻰һomegaŮĽëһֻǿûƿߣװɵ

Ӧ϶¡
˵ѽ
ͳʤ׷ƵԼҰ˵գֹתߣȥ
飬ûʲôҵ°
˫۾¹˲滳СϣûûС
ٻɴԲ۾ԼҰˣ
ûУ
û
滳
һomegaŮܿ˶⣬ߡëŶ˵
ҡҲ밲㣬㡭
ˣ
ʲô
״omegaŮһ̧ͷ۾¶ְûڣ
ǡ顣alphaŮһ۾ԼҰˣʲôʲôң
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˵˺һ˲Űѽ˵ݶϡ
滳һһڣĥû취ˣڿ̹ףԼǵİȫẦ£͵͵˼רҵ˷ֿʱڰ
⼸˶alphaŮԵġ滳ôģûġ
֮ôһˣʮ֮ڣ
alphaŮЩ󣬡Ǵʲôʱʼģ
ǡ͡Ұ˸ش޲Ҫͷ񵽵ȥʱҲڡ
ͷʵ̫ˣҲССģ½ǵָֻ¶һοĲ԰ײ
Լˣʵû취һֻ֮ͷϴ䶼ɷɻĿè䡣
Ӵ
ֱû취
ǣ֣ԼҰ˵ķ
滳ԾҲֻܹȥġɴ޼ɵءȥŪomegaŮ԰ա
ģŵ¶ζһġ
ǺЩ۾
档
ʵҲûôġϾ滳һķһֱķʽ⣬ҲҪƴܾҪá
ʲôѽ顣ڣչȥԼҰ˿ıĥŵ´꣬Ҫҧ
omegaŮСԲ𡭡
š
úЩֻ֣һĴǣɴչ
ҿԲģ顣ҪΪʲôΪʲôҪЩ˸ѽ
ǣ滳Уõһװ̫Ĵ𰸡
֮˵Щ϶ôɾ˼С˵ͻᶯҡжϣôˡһΣաΣա
ǡ˵ͻֵġ˵ţomegaŮ̵߬°ڣܻ˺㡢㡭Դвҡ
ô˵ԣõķǡǣǷֿûйϵҾͲǣ㡣
ô˵ţȴǻ˼ֻ߬е°ڣǾһһôҲϷţֻһķ
alphaŮʵûа취ֻܹ֡ԼҰִֵָࡣ
õķǣҪķأ飿
omegaŮãë˲źȻ˵
С컨
ԣһʱ󣬡ʲô
˵˵ĻΪ̹ףҪС컨
˴÷ɿ죬֪ʱ̧һ˫۾ض˿Լһ֣µҪš
ڰ˶䡣
ãá
һʱΡȥԼҰһա
ոջôأȴ˴ƭС컨
㣬飬һС컨ôӦڿԸ𣿡
omegaŮһȷǲƭԼССءЩѵؿ˿ڡ
ҡ
㡢ߡ
Ͼ̹ԼԸᣬһԥȴޱȴϣֻڻ͸ѩ
滳˵գҧ촽̧ԼҰˡ

õһӡڴϵġҶϵǡ


128
滳ζò˼顣
칫ŵġϤǳζһ࣬䵭ңԶģȻ滳ȴ
ɿһģalphaŮؿҧ۵ǳȥȵ˪һ㡢һ㡣
ǣȻۣǲܳԵġҧһԼҰ˵Ĵеϧ˿ȥ
ССġ࣡һ
ôֿˣomegaǵеεģ۾ʵؾˮȴǺ֪ʲô
е󣺡飿
Ǹ滳ãȻ˵С컨
һûסЦ
è롣ô棬̸ʱһˣ˵ĻȴŻȻζ˫Ư۾еģСѡ
֪顣alphaŮָԼҰ˵ĴǣƬأȥС컨Ŷ
滳ĵֹƬСĵرһСڰ칫һĳƺżʲôƬֻ̫ˣֻƳƬİɫ
omegaŮСȡƬݸС컨ֽ
ȡһöֽҪڿƬڰ˸ȦȦϣָȴȻͣסˡ
顣Ц̧ͷԼİˣ˵ҺȻŶ
滳Ӧ
Ǹʵ̫ˣ۾΢΢ˡ촽ɵһ㣬ֻ˿ģȴĻ۾ӳĵӰȴ
ͬһ촽ϣŸոյĳµ޺ʪˮе΢š
ţֻϧһԼҰ˵ĴǣҪomegaŮ۸õŰݡ
϶ŵСʹСħߴߴҡҡͷ˦ֻ۾ԼҰЦ
飬֮ǰսԼܵǼ¡
˵ţֻȻԼҰ˽ë˶𴽣¶Щ顣Ǳ˵ȥ
һûпС컨ء
ԣomegaŮһ̧ͷ
۾۾д˲죬β¶ЩίҪۡ
ѽӦֱ׳ȥԼҰίǣΪ̹СƬ顣ô̹ϡôãȻҪһС컨
滳Ǻܲ˵ǣ۾ίصڿǸ۲۵Ĵ̡ԼòѾֻС컨Ȼͱô׾ٵؿ۵һö
ίʵ̫һֻ˵èˣ۾˿ߣˮɵģͲûһ÷ɫˡֿɰģţʵûа취Ҫ۸һ㡣
ѽΪԼĶȤζССصŅֻ̀ȥԼҰ˵ա
ѽҪ顣˵ţЦȥomegaŮ˫ίĺ۾㿴ŶѶҪûˡ
Ϊòÿɵһͣ滳ٻǳһģֻΪ֮ǰսǶȳڵԵݻȥ˲٣ڴȻǱģûʲô⡣
Ƥһһ̾
Ŷ̲ס롣֣滳ҲǱģ治֪ʲôʱܰԼèɽӡ
omegaŮȥǿίίĴ󲼶һնеˣֻǻûзոյĿߣȻҪԼµС컨

ϡһڣùϣУ顣
omegaŮŤŤȴԻ˫ִֵŪգ͸ˣɴ̧ȥ
ЦŶ㣺ѽ飬ҲСѽʹŶ顪èèѽѽѽúúã˴飬ҴˡҴˣĴˡ
֮omegaŮջ֣Ĺĵصһۣ˫ֵԼգֻˡ
˵ǲʹûֻʵ̫Ҵèˣ°˶ͷֻ䡣
ֻһǸ֪ԼҰûǴչȥͲ˵omegaŮա
֪滳ϲΪӤʵرģȡʱϿҪ𴲵ʱ򣬰˯ѵ滳ԺءԼͻܵһһա
Ȼ滳ĺϲʽҲ̲סһʶҲ˲ԼʶԼĶ֮󣬻յغ˶⡣
顣ͺƬŶûһС컨ܾͻܿġ
Ų
Ųǡ滳ǰաԽС컨ԽԽˡ
ոƬʱ򣬻С컨رر򵥣ֻҪڡ˵ԼҪһǡͿˡ
ţ滳ЩתȥҪԼİˣһ¡
ôһĿǣ˵ȴҪǵĻ
ÿɰÿɰ
һúû취Цȥ΢
滳ţԼҰ۵촽֪жɰ
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˺þãű滳ȥһԣ˵ԼҪ
ֻǣô˵滳ԼֲԸalphaŮֿ˵Լæ빤ˣָȴȻ°ڲš
һҪĻҪֲУԼʶİˣֻǺҪ̾
Ӵ顣ԼҰ˵գһȥɳǱߺòã㱧űʼǱһպÿԿѽ
ڣǿǿomegaŮˡ칫һųɳ˼簤缷һͷ滳ǸõıŵԣҲܺʡ
ֻ滳һרעȫ˲ˡ
alphaŮؿżԵ¶ȳȥҰ΢΢üɫضŵĻֻеƵƲƲ죬ԼҲͷȥˡ
滳Ա߻ָûʲôͷҪԷϲǸɴ㿪һ»ֻֽС
һֻɭèɿԾȻֽϣ۾ЩίֻޱȿߵĻǰˣǱ۵ԼϲСʳһ
ǸոյĴ顣
ίߵèèĵðСǵèѹëһִè
alphaŮԼƷɿɫԼһ̲סЦ鰲Ȼź˯èһöССĳɫǣë޶ԡ
ɰ
ҿϲòˣֻɴཫһͼŰ桢óֻֽֽ˯СèԼ΢ͷ
Ȼոµͷ񣬸ԼҰ˷ȥһĵı顣
ǣͷomegaŮһͼ˸
滳㿪˿ֻǸʵںıЩسת

㿴顣ʹչȥԼ»ͷָҵͷǲǺܿɡ
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alphaŮ۾ԼǸAıעߡ
飬ҵıעôѽ֮ǰǴӦҡҪĵ
Ҹ˵ġ滳еίƵģǾһߺ޵֮ǰǡ25.6Artȫˡ
ǡ˵Ǹʲôʲôġ
2滳ޱָظһ飬25.6Art
֮ǰѾˣԷ˵ôԻǾ档
ɴƿϥϵƽ壬գգ۾ʣǣ飬ôġͨѶ¼ô˶ܱ𣿡
ܡ滳˵⻰ʱԺƽ۾˵ֻһ΢£Ǳģкģֻù˸ʽ
ΪȻص˼ͷҪԼҰ˼ȥֻǺȻӦǰ飬һҲ˵˵ҵıעע
Բ۾ǲشսȥԼİˡ
飬ֻǲ˵Ҫһעѽɶһ޶ģͱ˶һģΪʲô͸ĳ
滳۾۾𽥸Щ
Ƕһ޶İ
ܳʵشţҲãȻֻ֪Լעʲôԡ
ֻ㣬㿴
˵ţֻͨѶ¼΢Ŷ
˶ͬĸʽaͷͨѶ¼ĵһ
⻰˵õǲ١ֻǸһ鶼ûеĸɰͰͱעǲԸ㡣
ԼҰѾûа칫״̬׷ˣɴ࿿ȥֻomegaŮϲ䰡
顣עҲ̫һ鶼ûУ
ë޵Դ滳ϲȥίίСһ
Ҫһġиıע
omegaŮֱ㣬Ҫɳ棬ͳʤ׷滳ſ§ڻֲ䡣
滳һֻȡβҡÿҪһСϣܲ͸硣

ƣ޹ֻջһĲ䡣
ôһalphaŮֻȻˣŽߵġ滳԰׵Ĳĵſ˿ڣءһҧĲϡ

滳һʶ̧ȥסҧλãֻײһ˫޹۾
գգͣ޹úղŲҧһֻ顪

գ滳ֲԼɵİˣֻܹӦ
á
ӦͷԻޱãȻ
ʲôǡи顯ıע
ǲһ÷ɿ죬ʲôͱעʲô
ô˵ţ滳ãȻĺ۾ʵ̫ڿɰˣ̲סҧҧԼҰ˵ա
˵顣alphaŮҧԼС˿ȥţǡʱƽе£ʲô֪һҸƽıעǺemojiݮݮСݮıע
滳ϱҧĺۣȻʣǣҵıעʲô
գգ۾е
Ǹ飬ƺ滳ҲЩߡ΢΢ѹüë
ʲô
ǣ飬ҿԸ㿴alphaŮ÷ɿ죬Բ۾޹ԼҰˣҪӦңԴŶ
滳ͷСطԼͨѶ¼滳
С˾滳İۣЩ̧
С˾˾è˽èС̡ӡ
ͽ͸ɿƽϻ˼ʣ۾Ļɫè
Ϊè顪Ҫ˵Ļ飬㲻ҮɭèֻһûҵʵıעѽѽѽǶ˵˲ҵѽ飬Ҵ
ԣҵèջ֣ˡ
omegaŮС˵ҲŲè
šúܿ죬ЦԼµֻֽݸ㿴飬ͷһ»Ŷǲǳɰ
˵ԼèomegaŮֻȥ»ıֽ
üۣͼɫ鶯Ŀͨèһø档
ЦΪԼҰ˻Ŷ⡢̧Լһ£ȴֻȻ˵
ҲҪ
ûӦ
ıֽҲҪ
滳̧ĺ۾ʪЩգھɥԼử
ҪСġ
omegaŮ˵
԰һ𣿡
Цѽ
۾䣬ֻǴչȥԼҰˣеط
飬Ҫȡһ㱨Ŷ
omegaŮŶ⡢۾ʪãֻ۾
ȻЩɬءalphaŮȵĴ


129
õζ۵ı꣬ȻҪúð滳һŻǣʱ䣬滳ɳһͷ칫һͷ
żҪͣ˼ʱalphaŮҲҧˣֻʶ֡ȥԼҰķβָڵĳươ
滳ЩһֻۣԼķȦɢ˳ܹøһ㣬Ҳȥˡ
ع˺þãһʱֻбʼ⻮ƽԼżļô
ϾԼҰίУ񣬺ܿ컭Сıֽ
öֻ۵СëڻֽϾ޵طȥС˺Ǻ׵ضԻ¶в̬ųһ˯ŵģֻ߷صһŴİģҪ׸Լİè䡣
ıֽ֮èһҲ˿ɴʻֻë޻С
֪ʱȥСëĻɫèĵɫëֽalphaŮͷƽ壬ޱͶ룬ûԼҰ˲֪ʲôʱѾͷĹֻɳһͷ°ͣרעض
滳ʵ̫ˣڿһһѾ̧ûƺͶʲô˫۾ͬĺһ㡢ӳĵӰ
ųԼҰˣһʱûǸÿڽһǻӻָװѴŵֻǻûüգգ۾һӽomegaŮ˼о˹

ѹ滳Щţڡغ˶䣬ֻܵȥ
ҡû
ѽ飬Ϳȥ˳ַһ᧿ΣıʼǱԣٺ͵һȥ
⻰ȻһֹomegaŮԼҡҡ׹ıʼǱֻɿذѵ˻һģ
ǸСܣ̨ʼǱҲ־ģǸҿˤʼǱˤģȴǺÿɰÿɰ
ţֻ̲סҪ΢Ц
ڶˣɴӸȥȥԼҰ˸ոպĶ⣬ôԼҰˡ
顣alphaŮʣոʲôѽúŶǲʲôĶ
˵ţЦ׽Ū˵Ĵۣ飬ڻڰ칫ءҪ𡭡ѽ
滳Ȼֻҧ촽ס
ﻹŵԣƲèèȭֻɴ쳤˽šЩϥǡ
Ҳû
ֱţomegaŮ˿ûʶԼƺЩ̫ˣֻôַţǿߵԼҰ˵۾
Ҳû롣㡭
ЦסŤҶĽ
飬ĵȥˣʣ۾䣬ôʲôѽ
㡪
滳һӺ˵߳ŭҪ

ѽͿʼݣѽСè
omegaŮˣɴʰı
ô˺һ󣬻ͷͻȻһӴ˵֡
滳ɿشЬӡͷһ˿ҧ촽һۣɤӣ˽
Ա߿ڼ֮һУֻú档
װ̸ʲôй֮ǰҵĻ
ҲҲû˽رܣɴһԣǸıس°ͿԼİˡ
˲СܡรСˣ䵭ңԶŶ
ݲĳɳΪһ˿ˣȻббö¶Щʲݵĺۼޱ߼ƳΪ֮ǰС΢΢žڷ˿˳Ų¡
ġ䵭ĺ۾Ǹ߸ϵֻڲЩɫ԰׵աţΪղŵĴ֣΢΢źΣ촽ҲǸΪĵۺɫ
ûüõڡʵǸոʲôҲûģ԰СһҴţ滳·ҲŪˣϣҪʲô
ţ֪ԼЦֻȻԼҰ˲ڳССȻһ㡢һȾ˺ܿԽԽ죬ǲݮһˡ
ҧһŶ
alphaŮţ̲ס촽
Ǻ̸ܿˣװҪкܿ뿪칫ź£ŲҲԶȥǸ˲䣬滳һŤͷɫˡ

Щܻҧ촽ߣϷĺΣ۾ˮ졣
㡢ﶢҿ
ȻʶոΪʲô˶⣬㺦˰顣
滳߳ŭ

alphaŮЦԲ۾ֲֻõС
ش𣺡ΪƯѽ顣
ԣ滳һӸߵҪ
޴˺һֻ̧־ҪԼյ÷̵ҡ
ǣ֣ס󣬲ԼҰڵԼ
ǣҾ̲ס뿴
alphaŮ˵
ΪĺƯѽ飬ررÿ
õһǰı
omegaŮ򸣺
Ц֪֪
ȻڵһƬ谵ֻ
Ҳ㿴Ŷ顣
滳Ȼ㻳ɣģ
ѽôĵر֤
õı֤omegaŮɿԼץű֣ùػصߵС
ԼҰ˶仹ߺһʱҲٶˣ¶ͷͽһԷϵƽûԼõͼƬ滳
Դһ𡢰ֿ˺һĻomegaŮǸϲֵֻֽСëģһֱͣþòԱ߿һȻ𣺡Ŷ飬ͷﻹеҡҰŪһŶ
ǣ滳ͽǸһ˿ĵβɢһţɱʽ
ĳָ䣬ɢһƵġţϴ¶ζţ̲סĶ˼¡
飬˵ôϲСҪҪԺһһֻ
˵alphaŮ𣬡ʵ֮ǰСèҲԵġǸʱҰèëǼֻʱԾСİ̴ȥˡʱǿȥݷȥô
˼÷ɿ죬һתصСĻ
šˣ˵ҪҪѽ飬æŶ֪ûʱ
ţ滳Լֻֽѡ˵СĶСΪԼͷԼ촰ԶЩ˺һյ˵ͷˡ

ҲʱŴԼ˼ѹԺӿոûõĻ
ҡ
omegaŮһЩԥĿ⣬۾΢ƺЩҡһ
Ҳ֪
С˵ҿܡʲô
ҲãСҲá滳ûԼܹǺʵİϡ
ֻǰôáǷ
alphaŮãȻͷЦ
ð𣬡ǾͲ
Ȧãؿ˿ԼĽȻȥԼҰ˵֡
еϸ
ǣ顣alphaŮ۾䣬飬æˣǽȥݷó°ֻ̺èòã


130
жǿò˼顣ǣ滳ڵͷĹӷļнѳʱѾϵ֮ǰڼҵỊ̇ʺöԷʱܰݷá
һƷģalphaŮģЦǳԺضƣ͵ȥȡһ¡飬ǲǿǵúȫܰ
ôԿţĿУһ˫Բ۾Լҳİˣֻޱڴŵõޡ滳ţֻģҲ̲ס̧֡ԼҰɵķ
š
alphaŮͷֵܿ۾ֵ²䰡䡣
ΪֵµСëЦ̫ڲˣָָã滳̲סֶ˼¡
顢飬飬õ˶Ǿȥɣ
ǣõƷ֮Ǻܿ쵽ϤССҵλͣóعͷſλ֮俴
飬Цؽˣǲֽ
ûС
ں滳÷ɿ졣̧һۣﻹ§űš
촽׵أýӲӡalphaŮ롣
ֻǣԼոոǸڶһһεСӣбβС㷢ʵ̫ɰˡ
롣ȻôɰֻҪ滳ûθʹʲôĻͻǲҪ
ðɡ ӦԼڱϵ֣ǣҪʲôĻһҪŶ顣
Ұ˾ͻӦס֡
šomegaŮ˵֪ˡ
ôǣ֣׼õԼҰ˺ܿҵϤŻߵ˴š
嶣򿪵úܿ졪̽һ̷Դ
С㣡
УŮЦؿ˿ڡ
Ѻ趼ڣڼҸǿţ
ۡһۣ㶼ô㳤ߺöడʱֻôߡ
Ȼһ£ܿתȥ滳ܵǳ¶Сʱһãҡ
ţ
¶úԥԺͷˡ
԰С㣬λ㣬ǲû˵
СĻһЩˡֻеԼŵ滳ҲһЩ޴غŶ俴֪ô
ţԡ԰
alphaŮӦæңھӼҵúҵرȻ˼䡣
ǡǻûأǶ˶ѡ
ԽԽңɴ಻˵ˣ˸ͷ
ô֪ģ̸𣿡
ûѽ¶˵ţҵЬԼµѲŲأ˵Ǻùʲôġ
һ֪й˵ҪСС֮ǰҲûε㻹˭ԣȻŮ
ǸܻõСҲߣϲͷ˵ֻعͷ滳
СŮѽ㣡ʲôѽ˵ǰûèССأҴ棬еã˵ģ¡Ҫǲ֪ôŪԱ߾ˣϤϤ˵Լ㡭
滳Լ֣ͷƺһûôˣã֪ġлл㡭
¶Ȼۡһ
С㣬úÿŶ
̴̾УС㣬ŮѺƯ
omegaŮһӺ˶䣬ȴԼҰͬӦúԥصͷ˳µӦˣ
ǵȻ
滳ߵŤȥһۡ
ʲô
û˵ѽ
ٺ١ЦЦÿôһ֮󣬱̧ڼõļ
۹ã
ѽС㣬Ҽÿˡоһġ¶˵ţȻɶԵķǱȻȻЦúЩС㣬ǲ·ѽҵһο
ѽalphaŮӦøˣ·ŶһԵģǰһȥǸʦ̣ǵġҾ͵»ٺ١
˵ţã۾ֻСһǣĵֻ·Ӳӵķ
omegaŮţЩֻһӻعһӺˡ
ԼҰ˵֣ͼֹ
ţ
alphaŮ˿ûյİʾֻޱȿʵת
ô飬è𣿡
ҲŲ
滳ʵû취ֻرȥֱŤˡ
Ƣ״̬Ҳֻǳ¶šֻССİëè߳˷ʱ
滳ǵĵȷȷСûнӴκγġô˵ԼŲèҲһ㲻Ͷദģһʱˣ˿Ҷûˡ
СˡȻѾèˡֽССݳ¶˵ΪС˱ǼҵʱررݣССһֻͻ
ڵССΪһֻèһ˫Ư۾ͫΪɶ΢ͷţƤëһ˿㲽ӯ
뿪ԼС˵ҡͻȻͣС˵㲽һʱЩԥ
һǵöڴЦ⣬еСȥ֡
ͰصϳԼ
ǣôһС˴ҲϳԼͯʱ飬ڽš˲֣һ
۰
alphaŮе㾪ϲȥһߴŪèļղࡢСֱ۾һúƭС̾š
ۣСè㻹ǵѽôŶôоֳһŶǲǱȥʱˣӴұһŶ
ǱޱظֺСè¶ſɳͷԼʶƯС졣
С㣬ССôֻŶǰĳݳݵģ˵ʱԲ˴򲻹èǵһδȥҽԺʱҽ㻹ΪŰССء
С˵š
˵ССʱˣرǣڴ¼춼ʳҲСС㣬㿴ôԹԵģϲ֪òŵء
ҵֻСǰƬ滳ʣˣС㣬벻ҲССҪ룬Ҹʳιιʶ
ҡ
滳ֻèôҲû˵Ҫ
Ǻܿ죬ҲСèһԣЩèιССԡ
СèһͶǸнѵƲ㣬ɴ༸²ȣѽ滳Ļԡ
¶ţһgoodĴĴָȥ
ڽӴèȵġЩצǸ˲䣬滳׽Ӳˡ
˺ð죬̧ܹ̽֡èı

ˮһ
ůڵģֺ
˵СèֻǷ䡱ͷҲ̧ѽԼǰ໳ˡ
ôΡ
滳̽šһεظèƤë
֪ʱѾˣֻ¶һɳԱߡСضèӣԼֻĸͣ
ŮԼҵè䣬ЩԺ˵С㣬ɰɣ
һһèá
š
ӦɫרעȡֻǽǸƯޱȷɣֻͬѩһССЦС
ҲЦˡ
˵ɰˡ


131
èԹʳ۾˲䡢·˼һƵģɴomegaŮųһ˯ˡ
롪Ȼе̫ˣѵۣµȺܰҲҶԱֱߵһǿҲǸϸĺͷ
èǸ˲䣬滳Ѿ㹻޴ˣ¸ǲ֪ôźãֱֻ·𱻶סһ㣬һҲٶˡ
ֵ˺һȷС˯ˣᱻ׳ѡŽŲޱС΢΢ŤԼİͶȥһޱȿеġΪ
alphaŮֻüǿʵЦ˿µëڲˣָֻֻ̧è˺üƬ

滳ҧֲҶֻܹνصͼԼȻԼϰ˯èȳȥ
ǣ顣
alphaŮ񿴶һֻü䡢˵
ÿɰѽ
滳ͳصûʲôɱԼĺ˶䡣
һҲ֪ԼġڷĶ⣬ҲԼҰ˵ľͷ׽Ϊղ֮һ
СС˯˺ܾãҲһè˺ܾá
¶û˻Լ³˶
ۣļٵİС㡣
һ˼ģڳſڿ
ʲôʱİģġϴ㲻ǻ˵аڣҲҪ³𡪡
ǻඡӦ˿ˣطдҵ£֪϶ûдꡪˣҪʲô⣬ǸС㡣ɴˣʲô֪
Ǹʲô֪ġ滳˿һɳԣΪ˯ŵһֻè޴롣
֪¶ʹӦһȥдҵ
ڰ֣Ȼ𣺡ŶˣԲཷ
һֱϣСèڿʩʩȻתѣŲӣ󷢴ȱش˺ܾúܾõ滳ȥ
Щ˵ģֻԼСȱߡأһԵϣˡ
ۣ顣èС̾һ䣬Ŷ
滳ƫƫ¶ǸСҲԱߣԼҰԼŤŤسŲ壬Ҳֻ֣Լİˣ
Ц
֡΢΢Ƿֻȴ滳ִԼ֮ϣǴͳʿһ
omegaŮ֡
΢΢ȻקԼ

ࡢ
滳˰룬ֻһӺ˶䣬Żææƿ
ѹԷڳСЩܻ㡪
ûڴı˸ꡱƣæоս̵Ǹءûʱ俴ǡ
ҲС滳ССؿţȥ˵̻С
Ұü䣬õЦмָζȥ˵
滳ʵ̫ˣֻæԼҰ˱ܵľٶ˷֣ûalphaŮζݲӦš
Цǣס֡
ܿǣɡalphaŮС˵Ӧò̻Сʲôİɣ
滳Ŷ䣬ȥˡ
Ҹŵè䡢ָϵС˶һֱɫ𽥺¶˼ʱҲǸҪؼҵʱ
뿪ʱ¶ű͵͵һԴС˵
С㣬С㣬Ҫʱ򣬼ǵһҪҰ
аССػ˻֣ЦʱССȥͯ
С˸߲ҹţomegaŮ̧֡ԼҰһ¡

Сˡ
ô͡㲻Ҫƭ˼С
ûѽЦ˵飬ССһͯá
˵ţǣ滳֡һ¥ݣ˲𽥽ٵĵɫҹĻУϤСﲽУڽĻ⡣
Сè·϶ܺССôƯ
alphaŮ˵ţҲطˣƺ𽥳ԼĻ
ţȻҪССôˣҪ£ֻܶһˡˣһԽݮݮֺƯİɫɴȹǣǣҵģ߹ȥ
̵ţ׵ͼڻɫչƯǰ׸롣
Ľë滳ԼҰ˵Ȼ뵽
ҡЩһû
alphaŮͬȻЦ΢΢
ɴ
ǵõһڴߵġҲʱһ֣صǡ


132
èദʱôŤϻؼ֮ҰȴųѰ˷ܡ
ӴalphaŮֻƬû취߰ȴ۾˯İˣ̲סҪ̾
֣ԼҰĳ
飬ʣôϲè𣿡
omegaŮ͹ԹԵ̧Ծ˲ͷֻ֡
˫۾ģСҹƵů⣬һƯ
ֱò񻰡
ԼҲèһ
ôϲĻǾһֻǣ飬˵飬ܸϲһ㣿ûʲôϲƷѽǡ
滳ֻ֣סָ
Ҳ֪Сشѣֻûһ˿⣬֪
šðɣӦǾ͡ʱ˵
ԣomegaŮСȵص˵ͷ
а롣
ҪƽʱԼҰʱָոϴ裬ʱӦôˮԼڱΰѵ۾ˡĻô
滳˯ϰһֱЩأҪ˯ŵĻҪô͵͵ȥҩҪôͻԼʲôҲɵȻ賿ʱȥԼҰ칫ѹ֮ΪǸ˯ġʶè䡣
񡪡ֹҰ˱
ǣɴڱŤ£ԼҰ￿˹ȥȻ֡һomegaŮһԼ
ȣֻ̫ˣʹ˯ȹĲҲͻ߹ǺͼΡôϸֲһֻ־Ͱȫȫ§
Ϊ˯ʱ䣬ܲûʲô˯⣬omegaŮҲԱֵøⰲûкߵشĹĵغҪҧһ
滳ֻЩãȻôˣ
˵ů͵Ļ˯롣˵
ͻȻ죬첻ݼ飬ǳȥòãûʲôȥĵط
óͻȻ⣬ƺ滳е󡣶˼Ƭ̣Ŵ𣺡ҡȥɽ
ɽ
ֵͷˡ˿԰ϸ޶ۼİˣֻþ滳ҪԼصڰ칫һ졢Ѷܵļȫ꣬Ҳ᲻˵Ҫһȥʲôɽ
ŶǰӦǼҳ㷹ˡʶֻĵĵرԹһ䡣񣬴顣治Ǹˡ
ʣΪʲôɽ
滳Ȼ۾Ȼ¶Ц
⣬С컨𣿡
ˣ
omegaŮɫζܷҪ㣬ͻشҪǲĻŲԼҰССɻ
ۣǽʲô飬ġ
ǵ׼˯ĳϣûнŵùֻڱԼİСȵŤű˴˴֡
ԣ滳㿪ֻ֣ʣ𣿡
ʲô죬㲻㡣ǿǺҪС컨ô򵥵⣬Ų㡭
˵ţеʰԼҰ˵֣ȻҧǸ԰׵ָڡ

滳һܷһֻѾЩϰԼҰһԲϾҪҧ˵ϰߣҲֻЩͶȥһۣŴˡ
ԼҰ˻һҲûнǸԭĴ㡣
ЩĵҧҧԼҰ˵ָڣԸƬ԰׵ļΪѵۣط׷ʵ뷨
ðɡ롣֪Ͳ֪Լˣûб¡Ȼţζģԡ¶ζϾڻû취ɱǡΪ滳塣
һ뵽Ҫ̾ˡ
ԴһȳԺ滳ֿʼȥлҽˡֻԼ֪ʽƺҺҪȥСʱʱ䣬ȴû֪ʱʲôӡomegaŮţÿԼҪţõһҡǼƽľܾ
ַʽζų׵׵ġԡ
ҪĻ滳ͻΣٶ۸һҲûϵǲͬһ
ЩյЩʱոյĻֻȻһ֡
Ц顣ȥлҽʱȥţòã
ԣ滳㶣ֻʶҪҡͷ
ɡ
ǣalphaŮü䣬˵ǸոͬһײԼԺͷ
ҪͬĻ͸һС컨ô
滳һסˡ
촽˫۾𽥱ЩӵİǺڽ̫С컨Ļ⣬ڱסгЧİѱա
֪ԼҰҪǸС컨֮ԸʲôӦʮҪomegaŮԥķӦ֪ˡ
˫ǰƽġͬһ۾ʱԥǰաǶǸŵС컨Ŀ˲¹⡣
滳΢΢ҧ촽˼ջȾŸոˮµĺεģǸŮˡˡ
ƺгЧ롣״ɴٽһѻ
У顣㲻ͬĻͿһС컨
仰ûԥŵomegaŮһ̧ǲŵ۾ΪȾͨ죺
ô
˵ѽЦ飬С컨ء
㲻ҰڷӦͼ飬֮ǰû˵
ҿѽ鿪ʣֱ׳飬һй߽Ϊ׼ұԼĽȨء
滳ȥᡣķԣǴָ˵ǣѧôһ׹ûʵ˵
ȷʵë
ǣ滳͵
˫۾ȾøЩʪܵӣе߳ŭȥҪҧһڡ·ֻСвšͷ
ֻǿɰ˺
Ҳˡ
ԼҰ˵촽
ǳõġֲɺҩζζҲеȣΪһӵɵıůͣ滳Ҳ䡣
һҲס
omegaŮΪ޸ĹС컨ĹЩоõ˶ƺҪҧԼһڡֻûġ
ֻӡĴϣһԥѹ㲻ϣ˵ˣһֱŤǺ롣
ëһŪ촽

סԼҰ˵֣ʮָۡ
ȻеçײרᡢһᱻԼҰ˿߲ȵǡ
滳
ڳǵļ϶Լ糺İ˵һ
Ӧ㡭òã


133
С컨ϣԼʮǿԸ滳Բķ߿
գ滳ֻܹԼҰ˲۲۵İȻС컨ͬԷҪ
ֱӸҼС컨űӣôСţҲ䡣
alphaŮЦǴ飬ммűȽϴ̼
滳͵
Ȼǲһ㣬alphaŮָءһӤʵҵʵλãԼȻѧƽģ
ءҧȥ
ζ˵omegaŮ롣
ǺȵġסһڵĻڸеʱȥԼʱȹĳţζ̲衣
ܺҧ
滳˽ֲۣٶҧһ㡣
ǣֻ΢΢һҧۡǳʲôէһۿȥŸӰalphaŮɹõԼҰȥƵȨ
һ·ϣ滳ڸʻֻҪȥɽ档
С죬֮ȥɽɡһ𡣡
·ƴͣʱתͷȥֻԼҰСɫ޵Ĵ۾ڴ
omegaŮ꣬ȥ
ԼûʶԼǸΪɶ΢΢ط˵ġβëһƮƮֶôһ
ԼҰԼ滳̧ߣʯһĺ۾Եø͸
صػ˫ʺϲеЬء
ţ󷢾
滳ƽʱϰߴġ˿Ϸװ˵ƤЬҲ֮ǰЬһ˫ͺЩոµ˶Ь
ر£һ֪û֡
顣ʣЬ֮ǰû㴩
Ŀȥʱ滳ѾЩˣȡҪһʣش𣺡µġ
omegaŮ˵֮ǰ˵Ҫһʱġ
գգ۾
ѽ
ᵽalphaŮɵö˶٣һʱ¶ЩЦ
ֻǣʵҲ֪ԼʲôġϾûһȥ棬ԭ򣬶Ϊ滳̫æ
ǣ˳˵ȥǾ˵飬֮ǰûô˶
滳Щ˵һۣǲ֪ΪʲôҪѾ˵ΡԵԼΪ׾Ļ⡣
Ӵ顣Ц˵ȷĿȥɽʲôʲôģ֮û³ͽͦߵʲôɽ
ֵطƽʱ滳Ŷ߲һ·̡οҪȥܳƳ̡
ǡʲôģomegaŮǶɽ˵л
֮Ǹɽ˵ǺܺǴ飬ҾãǿԵϢõʱȥɽƳ̽ǾȻؼң˳·ʳȻһ𿴵Ӱ
æomegaŮЩŤƲƲǣҪȥ˾ûʱ䡣
˵Ǿȥܡܡòã
ԣҰֻǴߣɫİ۾ڴĽë£ֻ˵ͷͲ˵ˡ
ϵǸ顣
ǲŲʲô˵öԡ֮౻˵ĺ壬ǡǡ෴šûϵôԣҪҡںһ˫۾Եð˳ӡ
滳ʱ¶顪ǵıʧʱҪһαԼʱ򣬾һ˫۾
ͨ
ֻǣϾôãalphaŮҲ֪Է˼ڣèһİ˾ֻǴһԼҲûвԣΪŹġ
ֱ֪ûа취
Ȼ֪ԼҰǹģҲȻò񻰡û취ЦԼҰķ
滳û㣬ֻһۣѣСĿ·
˵ҲǡֱҽԺͣó֮alphaŮתԼҰˣЩԵءԷĳһ㡣
滳գҲеģ壬ʲô
˫۾ʮʮ޹ģ֪ԼҰ˾Ϊʲô¶ֱɰĿڡڿһֻСèһ顣
ǵġalphaŮ̾
ǺԾ
ǴչȥܲײԼҰ˵촽ǵ֮һЩçײǡ
ģ͵ʱԹɿҰҲȾŨصζ
˵

滳̧նˣͼάԼҪɢβûС
Ǹ̫ίˣβһԵĲĲ֪ԼʲôԼҰ˵Ļ
ȻomegaŮ˫۾ƫƫȾˮɫҲġһɫ֪Ǹɫжۡ
ʱձһСƬίüۣɶ

룬ֻղЩɽĻȫԺֻĻһۣԼҽʱ仹һǾЦ
Ŷ顣
omegaŮֻǴչӡһƵƮƮǡ
Ҫ̫ã
滳ô˵ָء֣ҲݣԼçײİ˵
Ҫҽ
ӦȻ
ȻȥԼҰ˴һǡ
*
ֻǱͷ滳ȴԼǱոյŪһ㣬صصϴּʰԼ
䣬ܾͷ룬ֻǵסԼҰˣԼͷȥ
վǰԵؽԼͲСɢ
ûʲô仯롣
滳ҲǡԼҰ𳤷ûôɢҵĳڽ⿪ȻƽȱС죺Ҳûѽ
滳͵
ں䣬ھǰһЩԼ촽˵͸
omegaŮ˵˵Ҫҽġ촽
ô⣬չȥԼھݣûûװ
滳򴽣ҪԼҰ˵øֵĻ
ңոǵʱ򣬡
˵ţЦЩζһá
ҲϲѽһֱҵţҶҪˣ㻹
ҰˡڡǺѾ׺˷һ

ͷˡಽظԼ󡢲ĽŲһʱ̾
Ͼֱڣ滳ǲĴҴҡһòָôΣ仹ǺúҪγ˲ݮ֭
ķʽҽԺϾֵġ
滳涼һ䵭ģ˿̴ҴҸ·ʱҲƽǸߣţǿеһԲɢǰ¡Ҫʵ֮ģޱִţ׷ҽԺ
һ·ϣͶעӵĿ⡣ԥǲӦýһ£ٸľ졣
Լǲ⣬ȴҲõԼҰ˵ĶԽԽ졢ԽԽ죬һֱѾٸµĵز
Ǻ
롣ǵ߷ȾµģŲʲôġ
һ·ǰ滳վס˽šЦŸǣֵalphaŮһۡ
顢顭˵ţĵӣÿͰ͵󣬡ҺȥҲһ档
omegaŮȻ۾߷Ⱦøʪ
ֻǣֱŴ򿪣Ҳûɿ֡
ǣƽ
űڴ֮ǰİô˵
һؼҰɡ


134
滳ĸԤƣеĲ̫ࡣ
žͨ˹ϢظԤԼճҩʹ滳滳ĿǰдС壬Լطڵڵĳ̶ڡ
ǽΪһһεϢظԤ
ڶԱĹϵȥֻܹŵȡڵҵһƬžźص飬ûʣһ졣
ǣalphaŮֻܹһƬհɫ飬صȴ
һһѲõĲ²תתȥȺġĺһ̻Ʋ㵱ѵĻȡ
Ӧûɡ
alphaŮûͣԼ˼
Ͼôʹһ˺ۣƻʱķʽֹڲңҪָһƽģŲס
һ־ԼӦñЩ˼
Ͼ⻹ԼҰ˵һδӦһֵ̫ѹ֮ġҲ̫ѿ˵滳ΪζһȨ
ðɡ
뵽⣬̵ֻ³һٻǻ̾ܵؽЩѹ£ȻȥЩ޹ϵ¡
硢ǽϵĵӰ֮ҹҪʲôӰƬҪ׼ʲôʳ䡣
µӡͬ滳ǿӰĻģƫƺЩϣʱĪһŵϵӰ
ֻomegaŮƺûرϲƷ͡һ𿴵Ӱʱʲô͸ſʲôȻ˱ű׻ˢӢӰҪȻǿһĸƬ
滳ϲʲôأ
⣬ĵȷȷֵúú˼һӡֱЩνԼҰεĵøáٽһõӰԼҰˡ
ǣҷſڣɴšüͷԼǰƬʼ
ô˼ãʱȥú޺ۼֱűڴ򿪣alphaŮžѾȥ˽һСʱ
Ѹֻվǰҽѯʣҿɲԡ
õһ϶Ļش
עʶͷϢء
λҽ԰滳𽥾øЩǲҪ̼䲻Ҫ巴Ӧ
Ŷ䣬Ӧˡ
ŶʱҰڲϡ۾ƽ
ϻ亹Ϳűȥոжȥļ㹻Ŀռ䣬ֻԵøϸݶ԰ס
滳ǻǰֳκһ˿ĸԣʱҲֻǽŴԼ飬ֻзŶĲҰָй¶ȼŵʹࡣ
İ亹乣ţϸŲ̬ĺ졣
վ֪ԼôߵԼҰ˲ߵġ
֪϶
滳Ųͬ
֮ǰҲģ滳ǰʱҽԺøãֱɫûô԰סŻصߣֻΪ˲ġ
ڴ£ȻȥǣԼҰ˵֡
顣alphaŮС˵ҽҽģ˵ҿ㡣Ǳһòã
滳֣ûʲôֻסָͲˡ
飬ҪŶ
ô˵ţԼҰ˵ıalphaŮֲһ䣺šҲῴġһôԣҲŶ
ȻõһӦ
Ҳûޡ
滳ǸƮƮġ÷·һֻһӾҪɢȥˣȴЩĲһ
ӦԼҰ˵ĺ󱳣ǺСƵģȻˡ飬ûء
滳Уءܲĵغһ
ȻǶ̶̵ӵڣ̾λãһѹս
֪ԼҰ˵Ȼˡ
ϾôǿֺþþǾԲ¶һģְԼ
ǹȥõǸȳ̫ĥ滳ԲġǼҹǵõᵣġѹȴΨǵҪԼ

ЩһġĺţҲôɬ
ԼҰˣһʱȻɤӶµȴʲô˵
գҲ֣§סǸ԰סˮʪ͸ļԼҰ˸Լ
滳Ƶôˣ滳
һϢǺ˵ġҽҲôalphaŮŽϢͷųһЩǳζȥİˡ
滳ʣûкһ㣿
ΪӦomegaŮֻǱܵ˲䣬Ȼ۵òԸ˵ȻָҲսˣƺһȻ
϶֪롪ıֻ֣ССè䡣
ССԹèҪ˯ʱҲ̬
alphaŮţֻԼҰ˵Цˡ
ԼèһİˣϢصİûˡǴͻؼܿġ
ҲʱϲԼϢζ
Ȼƺһ̫̫ģƵġеalphaζһԵżԼ˧ȴʺİˡ
һomegaŮסȻؽ
ҪǺ׵Ļ滳϶ᱻŵġϾйôһξ
˵顣
alphaŮеɵء롣
ĺӦһŶԡ
ţֻǸ˧أԼҰ˵Ķͷš
滳ǻؼ
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ؼҵһ·ϣ滳ںԺؼȫ˯ȥġ
ҡ˯֮ǰomegaŮһȵ˳ٽҡ
̫ƣˣߣİߡ
ڵõĵͷ֮󣬾͸ɴжԼеķԼС˯ֻèһ
·̳ʱ׼ȥɹϵʳʳģŽѹѯ滳Ҫʲô
𣿡omegaŮ˯÷Σ۾ʵԼҰˣҪϵıҡ
ֺЦڼʻλԼҰˣǾֻ쳤֣滳ıǼ⣬˯ɣ顣Ҫʲôͺãһ
ǲϵı̺ʵڲѣalphaŮǳɹƭһݷֻĲɹ嵥
ŵ˳غóţϢӵζϵƷ߹࡭
֪ʲôʱõģôȫ
滳ǸͷһֻʢһСŲõСĳɶԡ
ÿɰ
̲סֻڴһԼҰ˵ͷ
ʶԼʲôʱҲڡ
alphaŮֻӿ˽Ųǳ̳Уͼ˦ͻĺߡ
ȷ嵥ĲɹǺܿ죬ֻĴӻȥʱΪںһֻ̺ӻ˯è䡣
ȴԼҰѾˣޱںֻĻӫӫӳں۾ԵЩް
ǣڸʻλ֪Ҳǵüôˣ
ҿҪȥ˾һˡ
İô˵Ȼƽֹ¹۾ȴһǸΣΪԼˬԼǸ
滳˵Ǹ
ҡҡͷ
˵ʲô顣һ˵ʣ֪𣿡
omegaŮЩԥ۾ĹγţЩѵص˵ͷ
š
ӦȻݳԼֻ
ǴĿȥ
һš
¼Ƶֿ飬۶գۼͷԾһš
ŵıΪ֪˱ϣھͷܲ滳ȴ˾֮⣬˾˹Ͳ֢žͷǰߺ


135
ļٵġ
˵׾ǴඣҪǮ

˭ԼŮλ˿Ļжģ˵ֻ㻹ûеģ
ϡ
ǴǸСܣôԴԼѪˡ
滹ͦƯˣϧˡ
棿ӲգҲ湻ģΪȥģ˭֪ԼĸױôԴ
ТΪȣҵֵ
û˼Ϊ֮ǰǸ³عء˵¶³ôÿλã־²ٰɣ
Դ
ТĸĲգ
ôϣǿ϶³һ㻨Ǯ㹻һҹϺˣҪԼ
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칫ҵδڣ㱻գۼһƿˡIRŲݲ뿪ĹزĽŲɿ̤æµĴҵС
ϰ塣糾͵վ˾ǰݳԼı棬ܿ쿪˿ڣ˾ĹɼĿǰĲڿɽܵԤڣԤƵֲ̲ɿصĵ䣬⣬ǻ⵽
IR뿪֮ǻص˾֮ʼæµѵĻҲ𽥵صԻعƽ
滳ֱڻ͵ɳϣű棬ͬʱԼͶʲæµͨżָ
ʵ̫æˣӴĹ˾ҲǡȻԱߣԱһְﲻʲôæɴĴķæСְȥԼҰ˳忧ȡ
ڿȣŨҩˮһ滳ʱϰߵĿζ
֮ǰǶʱ滳һѧϰ˾Ҳ滳һĿȣֱҩҩһġòűӹȥɫҺʼ¡
ֻǣ滳ζûʧ顣
ôϲʳϲС⣬۾ӳͷɫϧĶؽ˻õƯ̽
ȾֻǹԵѣΪ滳㡢ԼָⲻϲζĻҲ˵
ԼҰѹüͷȿʱ鲻ϸԺ
ǣվںĿȻǰ롪˯˸þ˵ʲôһԼҰ˾̫ĥĿζ١
Լʳף˱ġȵĿŵŲˮɿ»صǼҵС
Ѿûзÿˣ滳֪ʱҲҲҶͨѶɳǰڱֽҳϣŴ򿪵źȻ̧ͷ
æЦ飬ҪҪɿ
š۾İ˷еı棬ֻԾط˼ɳУش𣬡߻ϽˡСʱ֮Ͷʲٿһλᡭ
滳˵ţЩ
Ǹû취㡣
˫۾ǸεȾú͸ĺĸƬԵ⡣һֻúû취
Ǳͻ¼ޱŵǸˣȴֵúԼһǵġ
ӴǣalphaŮֻ߹ȥȵ˱ȵطϣʲôǸѽ滳ɿҪҪԣ
èһİССصһͷȥոպ䡣
̫ҲomegaŮԼ·һʶز䡣
Ҫԡ
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״ҲֻεشӦҰ
ɿֽʱomegaŮȻ䣬ղ䰡䣬ʲôи컵ľٶǰһֻĴһ
Ǹë޵ķε̾˿
顣ʣָк𣿡
ȷ˵滳ûȥֻղӦǡС֮ʲô
ղűomegaŮֻǺģŤŤͷ˵
գգ۾һʱ֪ǲǸֵûۡ
һֱڽġȻ⼸΢еķˣҲֵúܲ滳պҲǸλãӦмѽ
ѵĺ𣿾ֻ

alphaŮ㶵վǣԥһʱ˶ԼĻɣɿˡ
滳̧ʱľԼҰ顣
һʱûסЦ
alphaŮޱãȻô飿
˫ϲ۾ģܹڳű׳ƹߵĻ￴⣬ֲãôӳomegaŮӰ
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϶֪ԼȥǱ˻ԵСãȻôҲƲҵС
ոջô˧أһֱšеԵ
ë޵С
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alphaŮգգ۾ιҧһָ
۰һе㲻˴ԼҰ˵գ飬ôҲҧѽ
û˵ˡ
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ЦԲ飬Ǳһ㣬øλã
Сһɳ㰤Ұˡѳһţ滳ſȱſʼ̸
顣alphaŮʣϲ˲䣬ô
ʵá滳ô˵˱΢΢Һ棬šʵûʲôӰ죬˲ʲô
뿴ֻ֣룬ȫԽɽеķ¶ǿϷɱֿȤ
omegaŮ۾ģ
ֻǡЩԼ¡ûô£ҲûеҪǺС԰ŻͶʲšòײŰ̯ʰãϵʽԲ١
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alphaŮῪ˿ڣԼҰ侲ƽĲ
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㡭û𣿡
Щ£滳˵ôּ򵥣˵Ӱ죬˵ϵĹɼۣ˵ҪʽҵšȴΨû˵Լĸܡ
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ӹȾĽǶȿĵúܲٲȻճһޱ۵Ĺ£Ⱥ鼤ߡ
ƭºӡƴȫӳŮһʧȥŮ˪ƶͥйµǺɫĸ֭ѪȴѪ顢ĹΣƸȻԼ˵ĺӡ
ôôѪ飿Ǵţ滳ŮΪʲôܹ壬ûһŻģ
Ȼ滳˵ţЩϢϵӰ첻󣬴Ĺ˵Ҳŵȷˡ
ǶԼأ
Ǹͯ꣬ŤһŻҵĲҰͯꡣļ̸ĸһʩߡ
һξȴķʽʿѪ죬ⱻŤ̯ڹǰ
ǳ塢ǲݲݽҹ
滳ĸо
ԼҰˣǶԷָ⡣
滳ʣ𣿡


136
û
滳̧ԼҰˣֻȻеһĵãȻ
ûЩûй
·һ̣ͷ·һңԶķ籩
滳վڱ۵УһзԶ侲ָֻмž
ֻмž
Ƿϵ̸۵ĸˣֻϱһ׮Сĳţ
һ֮䶼Ų͸ĸĤ޴ˮ䵱УƽصˮĻû滳ƯУŲˮӶνһС
ˮĻЩ̸žĸЪ˹˻ţšйšץļ򣬺ҪһķЩһУȫúԶ
ûʹûг֣ûܵһС
ֻǾ䡣ˮģӲ͸ĲҲǣȫ
Ұȫ
ǣomegaŮ˵
ҡûЩ
΢΢ߡֻԼűߵһ㣬
ڲҿЩĳϡҲûбҪȥЩ˵⡭
ЩҪ滳Ҫ˵ϵҪһ̲ͣؽŵĹɼۡǱĳһҵɵı뿰սʽʲô
˵ڡ
ھ޴ˮĳȻܹǸӡСһжΪ޴ĺӣվվڷ籩롣
Ҫ
ǸСС滳ǰչĻĹ¡
ĲҪ
ǣջ޷˵ȥˡ
alphaŮֻǣ֡
ûϵ滳
İ˵ŵģּů¯ë޵ı̺öСֲõþˡ
˵Ҳš²Ӧڹ˾￼ǡǣ

滳˫һ۾ֻޱãȻ
ʲô
alphaŮЦ
ԼҰ˶ͷ֣Ȼ䡣ůڵ´˼ӵĲλ
ߣȥЩѽʲôԡ
滳գգ۾ʶҪڣû
ţš
Цǵ֪Լ˵ʲôһ
ûϵġ
alphaŮૣȥձɢĳ
ûϵ滳Ըҵġ
ЩȥҰ׵ġѪܵĹȥ
ǳž⡢ƭ˵ڡǾԼ̻¶Ĺȥ
룬ָԼҰɫֻȻҪӵ
Ļô룬滳Ҳоһɣ
alphaŮԶжǿĸԡ
ǣ˹ȥçײȮһԼҰײԼĻ
ң滳ӵţҲеƵôͻȻ
ǺȻҪ
alphaŮô˵Ȼεģһӵס˾ٲֵĹִ̬СץԼϲġһͻʧ
֮ͱһһ¡
滳üۣɫﲻԾ¶ºͶεá
ٺ١İ˾Ц߲˲䣬Ȼӵø
úֻ·ڽһƮƮġ֯ɵƳӵԼһִĺϡޱһµçײ͸ӵĻһֱ滳ǻ
alphaŮСëëڲڵģʱô룬֪ʲôֱŪˣӵžķβ߲䰡䡣
omegaŮԼˣС˵
ֻһšţ˺ü£죺ŲҪ
ɡ滳ô̡
ǡ֡
˺һomegaŮ̵Ҳʶ
ΪʲôӵȴȻòôأ
ץסģǸ޴ġһеˮ䵱д˳Ƭ׵İԨ
ûоʹֻů
ǣӵ滳ҲԼĵر۾Լп˻ů
һСôԼ
ʮӡӣֻӣͻȥҪðȥעǱߵҪý巽ĺһҲ󲻵á
ֻӡ
֪ʲôһֺֻȻĺ󱳣ںС˯һţʣ飬ҪҪ˯һ
а滳ţҡҪᣬҵÿҲܡ
š
alphaŮʹ
֪ѽ滳㲻ǻСʱſʲôĻ϶϶ϵġ˯ҲҪҪһ
ûıҪ滳šҪϢҪһ⼸춼ûʲô۵ģĹǿȻ֮һ
۵ġ
ǡڸԵǸȴԼҰ˵ĻôҲԸߡ
գľܾҲֻǽԼҰ˵ļģز˲䵱ҡͷܾ
״Ц
ߺߡЩ⣬ɴ໻˸ƣһԵ̺ӣԼȣô飬ҪҪһ¿
滳𣺡Ҿӡ
˵šԼӵȻһԼҰϡ
ӡomegaŮ죬Բ˯һҪȥæ
˵ţȴԼҰϲ˲䡢èһ˸λãſŲˡ
ţţȻ״ֺЦЦԼҰ˵ļ򣬡˯
̺ԼҰϣָȥ滳Ͻذŵ衣
գ֮䣬ĳɢϥ䡣
˳ųomegaŮܿҲ뵡ر۾̺
ԼҰݵļҪҾͽ㣬òã
ú׶滳ֻһ͵͵һ£֪ڷԻѾĬˡ
èһ
ԣҲûôalphaŮ룬۾Цøˡ
Ͼ֮ǰƣʱһ·Ҳ˯һ滳ܿ˰ΰѵ뵱С
۾ԼԼҰ˵ֵӰ߽һ˿ڡ
ҡе¡
šİӦȻĳšְĦŽӲļ羱ů͵ƣ滳ڡ
ǣҲô˵ȥ
Щȥ¡ұġomegaŮţҲʱȥ
˵ţҲԽԽᣬֻ˾뵡Ļ˯
ḧԼҰ˵ĳָɫǻš
һһ飬ôžƣİˡ
ǵţζġ
滳ϻմһϢصζ۾ܹӲʱҲţζԵͶ
ţͲԾ΢Ц
ֵȴһֱȷomegaŮȷ˯ˣŵȡֻ
ȻҵԼϵʽóһ
һŵ֣ҵһ°ɡԭȺôأ
ãЦġɫ۾˿ֻӳӫĻ⡣
й˼ҲҵĽ鷳ҡ


137
滳˸Ρ
ڻѣİ칫ұһȵġļ죬ҳĻӿţŽĳʪʹ̶
úСŶ꼶ŲĿУŻ˵ס
ȡŮϸݵָ׽ײϣͷԼڽֵһǣôҲϷš
Ǽһϡ
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ҲʹͨǲġûױƷڸԼϵˣĳöЦģþȫάͥЦϡﵱ˭֪һʲôĻɫ
һ⡣ΪˣɷŮͬ˳޶ȵĽػ˼ңһεضȭͷ
ǣĸϴ桢ʹʵؿΪô࡭ţȻôܱҡ
Ȼλĸ׽ԼСŮӲ輸͵קļͷȻ¼¡
й֮۵̱ɳϣţֻԼŮҹȥ
滳͹ˡ
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ʵǸǲסġ
˿ںܶ࣬ûԼǱȫ·ˡ֪ǵˣϷʲô
õڡõġĸһ
ССŮĨ۾ϳԼڿޡ
ûпޡԼЩ¡ϰ˵ġޡ
糾͵Ľֵƣȵɰζ˿ԽԽ̣յû֪Ưһ
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Ҫˣ֪μ
ʪ¥꣬á
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Ǹɬӿ졣
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Ǹ˲䣬ȴһҲӦμֵӰ
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СëëڲڵŮܿʣ۾֡
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ǡҡ
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
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ò
Ҫȥ
عͷ
滳Ų֪֣һСĺӣȻѾ˴ˡ
alphaŮġůϸ԰׵ָǰܡ

غţԼӾ൱С籡ӿ͸ӿķ
Ҫȥ
İ¶Ц
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ӳģȾɳƤʿƹһ֮
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ܿͻϵŶʱӦеͨɣ[Сı]
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ϸۺáսԼǮȡֻ鿴ʱʱŷһϢ
ҶŶèͷalphaŮżСͼƬ˵ɿ߾ʱһ԰ɣ
ﻹҪֿ滳룬ûԼҲ¶εЦ

ŸոǸĺܺáҲ˯ǰôƣˣֺֻů񻹲ŴԼҰ˵¡
omegaŮšָᴥǸͷ񣬶¶Цݡ
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һߣԼõĵص㣬ȴ˼档
ڷλ΢΢ͷװһ˿ǡô¶
ָΪȴЩ͵棬üͷ΢壬¶һưĲݡ
ءƵУΪ˸ĸ׵βöͲ˾˽ɫֵˡһߵָ²ľһ
ޱȰࡢﶼ͸ݳһĻѾ㹻˽ˣһ·űԼҪиǹߵĲ͵ӸڹѪ﷭ӿš

վڷſڣλϵ׼õ˵ȫ˿ǣŵһζûܹɹ
飺
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߱ѹȸʮ㣬ڿˣֻڿһ˲Ļһ㣬ɫ۾д˸߸ϵĲм
Ѿʼ亹ˡ

״alphaŮ䵭ȷϡ
أ𣿡
˭Ӷ뵽ʱһζݵĳԼıͨŵ绰оңѯӦÿǮŸʺ롣
ңңãЩ˸Ƕ٣
ԼڳģĵӰѧԼҰƽӣüۡ¶߸ϵ䵭ɫ
šңͨͷƺܿ㣬и㣬´Ŷ٣
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Ǳ߶˶٣ܿʣ㣬뷴٣߱ȼۣЩɾӣҪǷڵĻףλһõ
֪
ôԼӰĳ˲ФԼҰ˵飬ɵЦˡ
ôõ¡ҧɲҪ⡭ǵ⣬ԼϹ𣿡
Լļƻ򵥸߸ԼãңǱֳĬ˺һ˴𸴡
㣬¡
ʵص
ǱǸСܴģ㱾˭ֲ֪С˵㸺Щĺó¡
ѽӦޱ죬۾ЦҲûأңңҪҵ绰ŶҪ顪
ȻʹŰСʱٳɳġԼҰФƵİ飬ԼǸƻе˹
滳С˾ˣСһܵܣõнͨϰء
ǡ
ԺϲŤţݳ޵˵ͣãڹǸУ˿ڡ
Ҫҳ壿ŵ˵ͷȴһȻ˸İҡҵȻԣǣǮ

ֻЦ
Ƕ̴ٵЦᣬȴͬըһ˴˸

˵ⲻͬڼƻķӳظӵز
ΪĹºмֵ
䡣ǿƵǡôݻĻһ㣬˲ԾسΪķΧ
˵֡
ľ֢ˡԴְԱ
Ϊմϵ֣Ȥı£ӵͰﶼʣжۿ
ҪڿԼҰ˵ĳ¾˰̣Ѫܵʾ֤ףǽˮϣס˵۾ǵĺŪ滳
ĴǣȻҪ
ҪֻǶšǵעÿ죬Ҳת˲š
˵š
ҲȺ鼤ߡǣϲϻӦĻһܣǱضᱻǡϾƽӹĹ¡
ҡؽֱ壬ߵӵУѾ˼֣ҡ
˫۾˼ѳĻ
֪һ𣿡
ֿһǶЦ
޿ɣֱ˶סǣǵֿϷᱮΪ޷Ĩȥ۵㣿
ϵĺë
ִ˸ս
ҡૣҲ֪
ܼ򵥡΢Ц˵Ǿ仰ɡ
Ϊ󣬲𣿡
ǹ˥Ŀ˾ˣĸǰ֢ڵĲˣǶڵϵľǮ˭롭һ֮
alphaŮ΢Цţ
ϵ۵㡭
أҪһö۵㣬Ǹŵġܹˣ


138

ô
˱˼ȫȫסˣֻޱȲš
ϾϾҲֻ˳˵Ǯȥ˼ҵѵӡ㽲ЩԼǸŮĻѡ
ֻôһ¡
ôôܻأ
ôܡ¡
ţظŷϵĻ֪ͷȴԽԽӲһڶ˵
ֻһеӿĺ⡣
ϡӴľͷɵҰޡ
֪׵˭˭ǱǮ֪ϵģҲ֪ʲôʱ
ӵеģֻһ룬ͺ뱳ġһ֡
ġ
ҡҲš
ҡͷ亹죬ҪϵȥһԵᾣͬһĶͽһ۾ͼѰһԼҪĴ𰸡
ǣΪʲô֪أ
һڶҡţҲţҲš
ǶôҪǸ϶Ļش
԰ֻһ˵ˣƭġκܽЩǵĲ¼ɺͿ־ѳĻʲôԡ
ȻǰȴֻõһŪЦ
ɡڹԭǡöЩ飬һЩ˽⡣
˵顱ʱѹѹüëɫ¶ӶζھӼĳĴӡ
˵ţڣҵĻչ¡Ҳ𣿡
ĿȤġô飬Ҳܿ챻
˾̲Ұ׵ݣָô棬˵ȥ
ԣһһתվָأԭܺ߱ɡǻΪϳֶΡ
ۼ͡ǣŵҪĽڵ㡪ɱƷ֤ܺ˳׵׺ɵ̬¡
ҪôǷ߶ɱҪôǲš
alphaŮ˵䣬ֻ·ڽһ²ؼĹһ
۱ߵһֹ㣬Ǹֹ
˵ţЩشüۡ
̾ġ
ͬ²ؼǰ˷ѾҰɫݴҪ˶
ܡţҲš
Ѿ˵ġÿһ֡ƺӡ֤ϵġǸԳĺľٶ
Ϊʲôʲô˵ΪʲôǸɴŵ˳͡ΪʲôǶĸ׵ĲģϵҽԺ
һʱɸҪվڵʣȴΪһ䵭߶һӽס˼
ҡϵ亹Ѿ״ʪҡ
ˡ
Щĵ֡
ҡ
ңһӱһ˿أʲʲʲô
һЦ
¼ʡֻЦգalphaŮ̾˿Ѿᷳ˷ʱ䣬ҡ
ʵ˵ǸֵʱѾڻ֮н¼ʰͣˣԼûʶȻ˿̱˳ڴﲻת豸ȴٲȻͬһһ㣬̵Ҫ
صֶ
߶µȥڴ¼ʣһžડ˵ϡ
ķһһݣ׻˽Ĵ񾭡
ҡܡԲ𡭡
ֻҪǮʲôҲû˵ʲôҾ˵ˡʲôҲû
Щʵţȥ֧¼ʡȴôҲ亹١
աա

ֻ߸ϣɫ䵭ڿһź͹ߡ
㡢㡭ţΪʲôҡ
Ұ򵥡
ڴ
ҵ㣬Ϊ£ʲôԭҵ㣬ʲôԭ򡣡˹صֻұơˡ
˵ľġ
ֻǴ˫߸ϵ۾ؾͿԿõֻΪѡΪǸ˵ͻԲŻһѵ
мһ㡣
ΪǰŮ񣬷ֻڿһ޹ؽҪġȱֵĶѡ
˶ġ
ʶ
ԼӦñΪǶʮ
ʶ˲䣬سʧȥ̱壬촽Ŷ˵һ
һ֧¼֮ӿڴ
ա
ҡҡͷ
ðɡ˵ûºȲˡϧһò衣
˵գalphaŮеض˲ͿͣؼҺúϢɣ͡
Ź˼ӣ˵ҲƵĳ˷ţ°
²豭վ
ÿࡣӦѧúɣ
ҪΪ˷ΧŲȲ衣
alphaŮġ汻Ťһҵӣ¶Ӷ
ߣŵˤŵ֧¼á
Ȼ̧ţɫĮȻؽöɫĻеƷ÷顣
صֻϣһŤŤһǣ˰ΣŽʰ׼õu̲С
˼£ȻԤ뵱еĹʾڵ
ǼźΣܱݳȥѡ
λ׼һ
ֻĻ˸ţܿعƽ㿪һģƵ
صģŵӵ㴫ֻҪǮ˵ʲôҾ˵ʲô
alphaŮŽ΢Ц
Ҳȫû
*
ߵ½ñԤлҪ࣬õĲ㶼ûء
ҲãǼʳûкͬһռڣԴؼȥԣ˷ʳ
˾ѾȴˣŶ˳ֽһֻװƷӷڸݡ
㣬ؼҰɡϴ˵ϲıܵ⡣ЦУݡҺҰ˳Բôࡣ
á˾ҲѾϰ磬ЦӦСܷˡ
Сܡ
Ǹƺ㶣ȻЦ
Ŷ롣𽥴ӸոյЩ˲ʶ
ҲСŶֻվ滳󣬸վߣԼİˡ
ٺ١alphaŮԼڳĵӰеɵЦá
롣ոദʱ֪һɨա
á
һ·ߵ㹻죬ӿع˾ҵԼĳﵽʱıܶȱ״̬С
ӣȴԼҰˡ
šʲô⡣롣
һ㲻ԼҰڹ˾Ŀ֮ǰΡЩʲôˣκݣǻᱻŽȥҲȫΪ֮ѡ
һΣ滳˵ϵͶˣһĻ⡣
е㵣ĵġ
滳ҪʲôְԼĸܷһλµĻ
alphaŮգգ۾ſڷϡʶؽСףȻֺҪ̾
Ҫôأ
öu̻ڿڴ׹ţһöҶƬһĴڡ
ڣͱܶûеϺܾãİ˺ܿ˹˾ǰȻ
omegaŮ
֣ԼҰһĴ꣬ϸϸؿˡ
滳ѾϰȥķʽˣȴǱеãȻ

alphaŮûйܣֻԹԵؼԼҰơ
ãûʲôԾ̫ƣҲûΪʱ乤ʧȥѪɫ۾ﻹһɵЦ⣬û̫ܵӰ졣
ǣֻ䡣
ϸǺıܵһڻ
룬е㲻쳤֡һԽִȥıԼҰ˻ȥǸӡ
飬Ҵ˱ܵŶ
ЦomegaŮչʾŵľС⡣
ٲԾͻһ
滳Ȼ˵
ζ
һסˣеæҵز֪ô죬ҡǸ
϶Ǽʱմġ
alphaŮջ䣬Żææֲ֪ôͣʶѿڶ
ҡû
һڣ滳㶣۾ﷴ¶ЩЦ
֪˵ǡеζ
šš
Ӧæҵװף־;ӵ˺ȥԼĳ䡣
ȷʵءҿӣǻؼȳ裬١
滳ֻ

Ȼ˿ڣҲģһ䡣
ǲȥʲôˣ


139
գգ۾
ʶװɵʲô
omegaŮ
˫͸ӳӰĺ۾һ顣
ءһȻ飬ɴ̹ףѽ
ķӦ滳еסˣֻãȻȴŽĻ
ȥһˡô˵գգ۾¶޹Ц뱣飬ڻܸ㡣
滳Ȼ֪˵ʲôһ
ȫˣٸЦ֮ͲȥЩˡЩȫùܣĺˣֻæǹ˾ͶʵͿԡ͵Ǿϲòã
ʲôϲ
omegaŮ롣һ˵Ƿ֪
ԼҰһͫףֻȻееֵί˿֪Եɣֻ滳һŲߣԸٿˡ
û˶˵Щ
İ
ġȥԼĶԲȥܡ
滳ߣ΢΢𴽡˵ˡ
еˡalphaŮŻ뿴ı顣
顢飿
Сſ顣
𣿶ԲŶҪ֪ĻҾͲˣ㲻ҪѹҲ㲻˵ģҲһҪʲôϲ
û
滳˵ֻȻײһ˫ξԲԲ۾
ʱ˫ò˼۾ֻʢ˵ǣεҡҡλΣβ޹شš
ë޵СеǲСҧԼϲߵСһþɥ

omegaŮ̲ס롣
ˡ
ô˵΢΢ײԼҰ˵촽
촽ôֻŽɫеζǡ
Ȼ̫óǣ滳һֱǸóģµѧϰߡ
ѧɽӡŷɿسΪǸСܣѧűͲԼҲȻѧķȥǡ
΢΢ֿݡǳֹһڲҶĻظζ
Ȼ׷һǳζݡ
ֻǣûǵкļɡ
ľ֮ǰ滳ǿ˿ȥş̌Ҫձɢĳ
ȷʵôһûζ
㶣գգ۾
ȻЦոǹ촽ģ۵ˮ⣬ʲôѽ飬ովڳȻûڰﲻСմϵģڻؼҾͻ
alphaŮ˵ţȻıܡ
˶ˣȱоˣ飬ܾͻˡȳһһҪҪâģ˵Ǽҵâóţԡ
alphaŮʢҪֿ죬滳ûзӦͼöѾȡ˺ӣȵԼһ̧ۣͿЦ
ҡҡӣâζģɿ
š滳ӦǾâɡ
΢һ㻯ˣûʲôӰ죬ɿµıڸϸζҲոպãǳ۵âζ
滳ͷСһԶֻоԼҰ˵ֵֺֿܲʼЩɢҵͷ
֪ʲôġ滳
ȻԼʵҲϲͷΪalphaŮʵںȤǷβܾǿĴƮᰴһ»ٵ
ͷûʲôȤġ
˫ָŷңûһȥԺβµȶϲͼ⿪ķȦ
滳Ūе˦˦ͷתԼҰˣҪ𡪡
һжĻ
ء
ζȶɱȴģˮķζҲ䣬סıɿǵڻ
alphaŮָĳӵ¶Ƚ֯ڴţܵ𽥱ڻ
âζһ£̵Ҳûȶ
Ƿűܵۡ
滳ǵεģܲĵʶİǵļɻǱҪúܶġڻ׷ϡ
ֱһζҲԵalphaŮԸֿǡ
ٺ٣顣ЦĶͷŶ
Ư촽ϣȾ˵ľӨɫ΢΢šųõЦ
ǡ
滳շ졢ΪոյĳǶȵţԼҰ˵촽
ȷʵ
ܿҪˡ
omegaŮ˵ǣסԼҰ˵ָ⣬Լ
ģâ֭ķζԼ˵Ĵߡ
ҪҪٳһ
*
ݱܵ⡣ô̵طųԵâζı֮һɿѾòˡ
ɫı̫ܲ۵̮ڵϣΪӵƻ΢΢ݡصʻλ˻𣬻ԼҰˡſ죬
Ҳԣ顣alphaŮ˵һ
滳ҧ촽ι
ȻǵĽӴҲйomegaŮŲӣĺ˶䡣
ߵ÷ָڣ̲ס΢Цִչȥ֡
滳ָͻȶǵһʶ飬ɿ
ʲôalphaŮΪ⣬ЦʪԱ߸أһ¾ͺ
Ҫٿ飬Ѿתȥһ
顣˵Ҫˡ
滳ֻܹеĹĵתȥŵⲻˡ
ֻǽСʱеʱһղù
ͲϺ񻹲һȶȣڴݼȻụ́滳Լĺ
ͨͨ
ⲻǡӽ𡭡
飬alphaŮǻؼң
ƽȵʻͣ뷱æĵ·С
ȻؼҺúϢ
²˵š
죬ǿһȥȥɽġպʳҲˣǻȥһΣһѧɳ˺رóԵɳ飬϶ϲ
һ·ǰ
*
磬۶ϵʱ𽥳ΪǿҵʱȴͻȻһͬ
ܷԳһҶھӣһ˵ΪصĲʵָضվ˳
˵ʵûйͲЩȫαģΪ˾եȡ˺ܴһʲ
ֹˣǼҸȱǮΪĲųٳûиβ
㣬ǸŮϾйϵˡ
ɷһȶ̷Ծ˶㡣
ٵİɡ
עעˣϵˮʼϴˡ
滳Тѣ˵ⶼϴ
֮ǰѵģ
ıİֲˡ
˵ˣǴݶѡ
ӵٷһ
ţȶȱյԽԽߡضԼĸֻһϢͷָٳû˵һ
أ˿ǻѯԼĶӣզˣʲô˳
ûûС
ǿÿһֶǴＷһƲסҪʵʻĿ־塣
ԡϢܼ򵥣ž˵ȺǱˮѣҪ۷תҪ⡢ҧԼҪκμߡ
֮ǰһӵġ
ǣǡ
Ǹȴ·һУᴩš
һжǸŮ˵һ
ԽԽۣ۱ȣǸƷ
ҡҲ
ޱȵľ̺ͷߺ֮Уҧݷ˫Ŀ죬ޱ
Ҫһѵôף
һᣬһȡԼֻͨǸ¼µġеϵýߵĺ롣
ιż𡣡
ҧгݵ˵š
ԣҡ£µҪ


140
ΣΡ
ɳϣŸ裬ʶػζСģ౧˷ܵ۾ġ
ɳһˣٲȻֻǳģĵɽ˽ʱҪõƷ
ҰͲ̺е翾ܺһֻСʳģװµȫں滳ҵĹԣһҲû䡣
ʮһµѾ𽥵ˣһܺףԼİԤš

Ȼģһڽ֡

±ȥ̽ͷô
ű΢΢һС졣omegaŮ¶С

ֻż΢΢ѹüë۾ȾЩԥʲôѽĴ⡣
Ƚ
ŶŶ
Ǹ֣µӣɵñȾͷҲ˷䡣
֮ǰôܣ·ʱ滳ǲȥġ
ÿζǣһҪȫװں䶼ƽƽŻƿųڿɲ
һʱ뵽ԼҰ˿϶ڻ·ʱʲôܴ鷳Ż
ǣ·ʱֻʲô鷳أ
alphaŮãȻ
ѵǡڼ￴ʲôóֵС·汻˲ĳֶҩǸһЩ·ʩħԼˡ
˼ű߼ʣԽԽԶֱҪͨճ硢սƬٷɵùȥˡ
ֱ滳ڴǰͣ
ǸҰޱԴĴ鷳ٲȻ̯ڴǰֻл΢ֵɫë
omegaŮô˵ǷüëɫＸЩίҲ֪ĸ
ԭأ

滳ѯʣļȽϺã
alphaŮգգ۾
ʵطʣʲô𣿡
滳͸üëǲ֪ôʡ
ȻСomegaŮô˵ܴ󡣡
˵ɫëڵϲһұߵڿ¶ϵè塣Σɫһпͨƣĳ¿
ΪҪͽһȥ滳ô˵
Ľ˵ġų֮󣬴ƶЩǣϢʣ͸պһԼȥΡ
̫ԵĻomegaŮЩԥ᲻᲻̫ã
ʲôѽһʱЦΡ
µԺ󣬾ôҲˡ滳ô䣬Բн⿪ӵʱ
ƽʱһֱװġϼʲô˼ȴôؾС⡣
ÿɰ롣̲סҪ΢Ц
š
˼̬ȥȻǣסԼҰ˵֣ϡһڡ
û顣㷴֪ˣûʲôòصġЦʹɫǼô
滳ûƿ˵ͷš
㻻㻻ȳȥȡalphaŮӦ÷ɿ죬촩飬ôֶǴŶ
滳ĺ󱳸ߣߡ
alphaŮЦ֪
ʲôʱĵ롣ҲѹģﴩʱǲԼѽ
Ҫ˵Լèһİ˿϶ҪҧˡȨƬ̣ԹԵû˵
ûеϺܾã滳ܿ컻ѡõıë³ҡ΢΢ЩԥԼҰˣ𣿡
£֪ΪʲôƽʱЩ·ˡ
ֻΪװһɶĴë滳Եʵ̫Сˡ
omegaŮվƽ壬Ŀëֻ¶ϸָ⡣ɫë³ĵüף¶ĳ͸
滳˿ûһСܵͰǣֻ˺ڻһ¯߿Żһȥһֻëһ§ס
ǣɫΪٳûлӦӲ
𣿡滳ڣ𽥵ȥԵȡ
ʲôѽȥǣ֣˵ôáɰĺ̫ɰ飬ұһ¡
ûС
滳Ŷⱻݵػرһ£ܿ
ˡ㻹ǡ
һŸʱģƫƫҲոջԥšȥٻһء
룬omegaŮöͨĶ⣬ȲԼ׺ߵİˡ
Ӧȥ
*
ʱ峿ǿȥӴƣȻһȥѡõĽεص㡣
滳ŶںůҲſյëůڵȶȰôҪѣе롣
״ͳûһıסԼҰ˴ԽԽ͵ͷ
ȵϳʱomegaŮѾȫȫ˯ˣſյûн
ٴԼôС״ıС΢ģ˯Եø۵ݣҡҡͷεЦ
ôء˵ôһ˵൱ˡ
滳˯óһϸС˵ûܹѡ
ǴֻڣҪҪƬ
ʶͷʲôƬ
·αڵƬඡѵÿСôûı顣ǳɰŶ
Ҫ÷ɿ죬ƽ㣬ļ
һļϣ͵˼滳˯յƬ
ֻ͹ͼ裬ĳƬɰò񻰡
ԼĻб۾˯Сһİ˺ü飬̲סƬ΢ü˱ֽ
ȻҪ滳ˣҪ¡͵͵ΪԼ⣬ʵڡʵ̫ɰˣҲûа취
һ·ֱɽ¡ɽ·ҰӪʱ滳Ժתѡ
ȫ˯ˣãȻ̧ԵĴãʶڣ㡭
šЦӦⶺŶ
omegaŮЩӣ۾¶ģ˼ţֻȻˡ
ӺӾ￴Сһģ̲סЦ
èɡ롣
ССһģһ
顣alphaŮ˵˯һ·Үȴ˳ҰҰ͵̺ãʱ˯ô
滳ԺͷȻֻε˵Ļһ۾Ȼһε˯˹ȥˡ
˯˺þãǿŨķζ滳𽥻ѡ
ᣬ۾ֻѾͣһƬܴĲݳߡ
ɽŵɫңԶɭҲǳĻɫҰǸʺҰӪĺõط
ʱſţӰΧڵǰʳȫѷһԵҰͲϣƺоһֻ
ǸཹеŨķζԴ
ϾɽϣĿЩ䡣滳§ű˳СС˸
飡
ڹо׵alphaŮ̧ǿʵЦ
ҪҪһ㣿ҺƽоķѹͷƬڸոպÿԳأҸʢһŶ
ֻæˣָ˷ܣʱ΢΢ЩɢңǼ϶һڷѹͷɫ
滳ţɵεҲ¶Ц
ȻһԼıǼ⣬մˡ
һ£ֱ̧ȥ䣬ȻЦô֣֪
Сè滳롣
ѾæˣomegaŮͲٴǰȥűһԵҰ͵ˡ
վҲ߹ʢȻ¡
С档ƽķŲŲҵλá
滳ͷڵ룬ֻ÷ָҲů
ưţƵķմſı䣬Ϊ粢ĽӴҲ𽥱µȶȡ
ڵǰоһֻͷƺԥǲҲҪӽѾ
omegaŮһŨķֻȶһֱθУƽɽϱµĿ⡣
ů
滳̲סҪ۾
ô˵ůů塣ȴʳ׼˵㾪ϲ֪ˡ
omegaŮ͹ԹԴ𣺡á
ƽǸ谭Զıߣ˳ֽһֽ滳˵ţ˵С棬㹫˾Ǳߡ
ôű˴˶֪Ľһ󣬴ƺȻʣ
ôС棿
滳ЩãȻʲô
ЩѽڴָȻһ·Χ磬
Щ
ӵеЩ
滳ԼҰǸӰССķЩɢңΪţֲõİ˱ˡ
滳֪alphaŮܿͻعͷЦЦݲõ÷·϶ٲκ
ûԼӵеġЩ
ҡ
滳˵ԼҰʢֻڵ룬ۡ
Ҿãܲ˼顣Ҳҡ
ƾЦ
ʲôѽӦԼõĳ˵϶᲻˵Ŷ
ҡ
Ҫ˵ʲôպھǺйͷתͷѯʣƽ㣬Ҫ೤ʱ䡪
˵ţalphaŮȻϳϵе֣̲סʣ
ۣ飬ƽ㣬˵ʲôأصģҲ֡
ûûСƾͰڰ֣˵Сĺϲأ
滳ſڣʶҪϣû˵Ļ
š
omegaŮôӦͨ죬ΪӶ
һ׷ʵalphaŮҲһסˣվԼ˶䡣
öˣԼȻУܿվ
ȱţҲ
ϹཹðݡҰʱƽСƾ㷹ɵؿһˢֻ
һŵ
ȵ㣬һСܲú˵±
ĵһʱ䣬Щȵ۾ȥݲݿƵܿȻ
С档ƷֻЦ硣ԼҧԼ
滳̧󣺡
ƺ֪Լ˵ʲôƾֻ̧λΡ
ĻϷһţȻ治ݣȴģģóص
ۣ
һһӵ˹ȥֹԼҽ㡣
¡ѽƽ㣬꣡ꡪ
ƫƫû˵̫ԣֻܹƴʹɫƽ㡪
ŶƻȻ򣬡İ
ͷѹ
ų𣿡
ЩӹƵֻı
ƽ㣬ҿǲǸָģ˵ڱ
*
鷿Сž
ҵ˷ˮˣе¶Ƹ
ǡ
ԭ͵ͷӦͷøˡ
û˵ޱѹ֣ͬԽԽĹҡ
ֱɽŭһ²豭ӱֽ̧ͷü֮ޱ
ãá֪ûá֪ôûá
ϵalpha˳Լͳѹֵɭŭ
ȻָЩʲô
ô˵ЦӻԼ뿪ʰһԵֻ׼ϵĳѡ
ɽɭɭضǸ룬ڣ
ԡŮҲֵԶ֡


141
۷籩ģܲõѪ׾˾վһ˼ߡ
ϵǣزûгԼϵҥԣҲûлӦЩƭǮѡָء
ǽ¶ĻʹߡһԱܲõı磬еĵĺ
żߵľͷƣˣԼֱ˹׽֮ʱǸԳǡ
һ籾ҪԼҺõļ˵һЩڵܲǶôТ塣
˵ֻҪغúñ֣ͻǮһգĸβʵ̫ҪǮһʱϱӦˡ
ƣڴӦɷúԼһֱĵǴջǾԼΪ޹ˮ
οܲûŮԼҲֻжʮͷ֪ڹ˽Ӧ
ΪһǮں޲ѣҲĥڲŻ鶼¶ҪֲԼĹ
һŵУʰ׺ͻ֮⣬֤ݡ롢пһĻм߷֤ʡ
˲ţ˵϶ǱˣϾôƴ֣Ż˵ЩĪĻƷԼ֤ʡ
Щھӵһģ޴ӳ壬ֻܹһվͼһƵǸϣԱƲԼ
ͬصĻȴǺĻʹ߲Żվơ
ҲΪһǱвģϾǸĸ׵ֻϰװóô֪вЩʲô
أΪ֪˵ھӣǸصġǺܿǳǰ³еĵֶӣֽĺƬɡеĵ˶ĻƵ̨ǰҵ˺һš
־Ǹ滳ΪָضĿƺѾûôˣҲĿ⡣
΢΢Щ̵ֽǣ˻֧alphaŮֺõ֥ʿ
ѽЦ֮ǰ̺˵óЩʲôģһ뾿ôһⷽĺ츳
գգ۾Ц
ҾС˵ţƺѵõΪе㺦ߣΪǸĺ̫ôţҵҲô˲ץǰѱ˼
ȻҪܵ£alphaŮ˵һŻźȻͣסˣεץԱߵķѽ͵ݸơ
Ǹƽ㣬ȳպѽرóţе̫̣һҰŪ
ֻǣalphaŮݵĹʵ̫ˣһҲûǰװģǣһ
ƾε΢ЦţԼæҵظԼ֥ʿѽ
ɫڵпšһܾµ״βʱźȻոԼֻǻ˴Ƶģڴȴֶֻ֥ʿ
ǣǡ
գգ۾Ӧ
ƽǲʾݵֻȥأ
̧
ԼҰҰͲϣ̺ӣоŴֻʾŵš
Ƶﲻϱ仯ŵĹӳĺ۾Եøרע
ֻܹͲﴫġ˵εشţ
ҲӦñϣΪʮǮˮõҼֶŮͷϡ
һۣ
һʱҲ˲ϷѽˣæŻ˹ȥյԼҰߡ
顢ۣһѽ顪
ȥ̫æˣһ˵滳ϣ˷һԵ롣
omegaŮεط룬̧ۿԼְյò񻰵İˡ
ȵȵȣȱ顣쳤֡ȥǸĻûأĺǱ߿϶ʲô£ȫٸҲΪġ
alphaŮٷɿؽţҪֻȴֲ
æһ滳ٳûзӦֻöԷΪԼˣֻܹգգ۾Լ޹ı顢ЩԼҰˡ
ССڣ滳
omegaŮɫƽֻ΢ָձߣǣǣ
ķķ⣬еģ壬飬
ʵalphaŮҲԼҰ˻ΪʲôֻϾô˽飬һֱжǲȥ˭˵ʱƺҲе㲻ġ
Ȼһ־ķչʵġ
ǣԼô࣬ǲҲ᲻ѽ
ϾǸСᱻ˵ǿƿҪ鶼ԼеСܡ
alphaŮô²⡣ԼҰˣŪգϴ޹飬Ҵ㲻Ҫ
˫ġӳӰĺ۾ֻǶ˶٣΢΢᷺
¹⡣
֪ס˺
ңԶɢںˮ֮ϣ΢΢¹⡣
alphaŮʲô
գգ۾е󣺡滳
滳û
õһƺЩѹ΢Ц
û
滳ô˵ţסͷ
е滳±һ㣬й¶Ҳġ
ָס䣬嶼еؽԼҰһ㣬ֻСһ˲䡣
ô˵ҡֻǡ
omegaŮĺաֻߵĲ԰ݡ
Ϊڵʳ滳ҲЩǳķۺɫޱǱѩڻ֮Ļꡣ
лл㱣ҡ
İô˵Ǹģ͸úǺͯһ㡣
лл㡣
£Ȼٳٺ
עԼҰ͸ĺ۾ֻһȫ͸ˣҲյù̡
ҡĿİأеҪô˵Ǹңûʲô
˵ĺһ𣬼ǲԾ¡ŵüֱҲ֪ˣֻܹطԼҰ˵ûȥš
ҡﾡɽݳޱʪµĲľζǸҡ
ˣװɡ
ζЦŻԶȥ
һسˣҲ
omegaŮڡغ͸
ҡûУ㡭
ҵؽţæҪƿǰİˣȴһǣס
滳
ô˵ҲߺŶ䣬˫ġһ۾ȴյޱõС̫
Ǿһ°ɣ
*
˵һ£ľֻѵˮһǶѡ
һֱǵ¶ȳ״촽ȥ滳ĶҲǺģߣֱߵͷҪ񵽵ȥˡ
һʮĹӣȴҲյͨ졣
ȤؿԼã̲סеȤζؿڶˡ
С档˵ˣҪˡҲǡȷѻء
ôöŪòˣиԼʢ
ĺǶʲôɽﻹֶεš˵С档ûɡ
š
滳ӦȻŶ⣬ȥĺ۾ƽ糣ֻǸ˳ᢵСˡ
Ȼô˵׼ˡֻˡ


142
ȥɫ̫ɽҲůˡ
ӲӵڲƺһƬһԵط⣬Ҳůġ滳ҰͲһǡ̺ӣԽԽ˯

ůڵ£롢ԼҰ˺ͽԼֻƤԽԽء
ֱиʲôɢǳɫ屻ǰ͡
omegaŮſڣʶҧһڣȥˡ
е̡
ȶȻǻθ𽥷ӦŨڴݵӡ
֥ʿ΢΢еζĽϣţŨ֭ҺıƤŸζʶ͡
滳ѹЩֻ̧ԼҽεЦۡ
ţС档Ƶ֥ʿ˱¯ǰϸϸоţӰղſõġòóԣ
滳ͷš
omegaŮԹԽӹˡ˫ֱſţʼССڵؿУ͵ԱߣͼȻԵõͶι
С档ƶ
ǣɳȻǼȵĹ֭һ֪ܲΪʲôţһ𿾹Сѡ
ƻȥһСζŹֵİ۲ˣҲ滳üͷˡ
滳ô̵رͶιţͷһһҪ˯
һ¶ͻȻա

omegaŮ˸£óˡ
һ̧ͷֻԼɵİվʩʩȻڻˮı֣ž
顣˵Ҫ˯춼˯þúþˣһȥ桪
˵ţ鿪ʣմˮ滳Ϊʳ΢΢ա
飬ôѽalphaŮЦ˯ģ㿴
滳ȥ֡
û죬ֺ֣ܿʪ
͸⣬飬ǻȥ˯Ⱥȥһط
ԱʩʩȻżɳҲͬصͷЦظͣ
ѽС棬Ȼ˾ȥǻȥ˯
֪ΪΣ滳֪Էеġȥ˯˵ġȥ˯Բһ˼
ԼҽЦ۾ڡغŻžվˡ
ƫƫԴ˺ֻ֪գգͣЩظﻹҡҡλŲźһڵĿ֣
ѽ飬Ҳô
alphaŮǣֽɡ
¡һ飬߷ۣСĽ¡
صҪȥģʵҲƬСյأֻ̤㣬ԵøȻ
˺üȦľС·ڵ
ľơ´ţ⴩ҶƬڲݳ䡣һͰƽʯͷڿյһǣոպεĸ߶ȣһȻġĿռ䡣
￴Сô˵ǸλָԼҰ˿ëɫģ⡪ôСɫر
滳ͷalphaŮĿһԣΪĴжָ⡣
е䡣
С˵ſյϷ͸ڶµ⣬ҳһСƬڳγӳüǺˮһ͸
Ǿʹˮףءˮķȥ
滳˵á
alphaŮһҵԼҰٺСҲˣԼҰˣϸϸرС
԰ɡӦЦ֮ǰֵģһֱһţûҵᡭţ飬ϲʲôɫĻѽϲĸ
˵ţСչʾԼҰ˿ڷɿɵı֯£еĻӴǴϵĴСѾǱǱĳΣϸƳ
滳˿ѡǳɫһֻ
ѽӦ죬šðɫǺɫƽɫġոպá飬ұȻһŶҺþûˣ֪᲻
Ȼһӣƺиʵͼֱֺܿ֯Ȼ𣺡滳ҺȻΪʲôһֱҪѽɽʲôġʲôԭ𣿡
滳ԥһ£С컨

һС컨omegaŮ˵Ҿʹ𡣡
Цʲôѽ
ԼҰһ˫۾д棬˿ûЦ˼룬ɴӦˡ
ѽ˵ȥ͸㡣
õŵ滳۾ãڼǷϵŵڵ˵ͷˡ
ҡΪʱ򡣡˵ϴμʱ򣬹ݮʱʱ򣬻ͬѧһȥɽ
滳˵΢΢
Ҳ롣
ôҲû뵽ԭһʱúֺЦ
šӦһʱû˵ʲôĻ
omegaŮ˵գ˶٣ȻµĻ
أôСʣǰҲ𣿡
Ÿʱɡݮݮ˵ǼΡ
š
͹εǼһģҰӪţʱСûгҲûһŪģϻȥιӡ
˵ţȻʲôȤһһ۾΢΢
ѹʱճررƯ˵ԼţȻպ÷ط
˵ſȥԼҰ˱գЦ⡣
棬ͺһ滳ǵܣֻԵȵ´Σ㲻æʱǻ棬òã
alphaŮͬԼƵĹ˹ָ
Ưġѩ϶ҲܺÿǻŶŪů¯֮Ķţ飬ҪҪԼڶʮһˣµһѩʱǾ
滳˫һγ۾
룬alphaŮ϶֪˵ĻʱԼֱ̫Ҫ˼Ŀѣԡ
Ѿɵ̫ߡ̫ߣӵ̫
еãȻգգ۾ţ飬ô
omegaŮԼİˡ
ï֦Ҷ£ճγͬ͸ȪˮǱ㸡ںˮס
⴩ˮӳ˫һǳɫǳǳظ
滳۾
סָȥԼҰ˵Ĵ
ԶôȡǻὫڻ¶ȡ
ǰġͬѩһĵҲĿʼڻˡĴ䣬һССġӯѩ
omegaŮԼƴعĶš
ͨͨͨ
ҡ롣ҴӦ
һѩʱһ
ֻǳѩԺԼࡢԺ󡭡
ǸƷĻѾɢǽյֱߣССɫţ¶һʯ̨ϡ
ĳӦⲢ̫컡ֻǴֳŵ֣ζǡ
ð顣
alphaŮӦţ滳֪ԷԼԼૡ
ֻ˵ȵ죬һ𡭡
š
滳սԼҰ˵֣Ҳ𽥱ȾڶԷůȡ
һ𡣡


143
һս֮ǵճٴλعƽ

滳ڰ칫ǰЩãȻԱһϡҧֽԼĻ̲ס
ͷļڣ㡢Ǹ˾Ǳأ
alphaŮ̧ͷ⿪ʵسЦ
ȥ𣬡Ժǣÿ춼ȥ˾ˡ
滳Щءһ
飬Ǳæ𣿡˾䣬ƺҲûȫڹˣɴλʡչով
alphaŮʱ˵Ż촽ǹɫȾģʪˮ⡣
滳ʶؽĿƬʪķ۳ɫϣôҲƲۡ
֦ζġ
Щ룬ζ
˵顣
ǰתˣɫ죬һ档
Һ軹ңңǱ˾Ǳߵ£ұϾҲرȤңңһֱóġ˵ţԣ֮󶼻ҹҸÿ¿ʱȥ˾ʲôҪҵ˵

滳Ӧ
֪ԼҰʲôʱôҪľ
ֻǡܾá˫ԲԲһЦ۾滳ٳʶԼҰ˺ҲѾΪ㹻Ĵˡ
˵ͷʣǡԺ󡭡
ԺЦ˳һ֧ûİǣԼңԼ汾Ͳ廭Ҳõġ
˵Ц滳գգ۾
ŪԺҾȥϰǸԼ°ʱһ㣬ÿ춼°࣬ڼò˵ǲǻͦģ
š
滳Ӧ֪ΪʲôȻҲеһֵʧ䡣
ӦġԼиҪ¡ԼĹ滮ԽԽȷӦΪԷ˵ġ
ΪעܷԼеϺǣһֱôϲǸֻܾһԶʲô
ǣȻ
滳Щش˴İպڳ̧ۣԼİˡ
ô˵볢ǡ
alphaŮգգ۾ܿ𣬡ѽҪ֦ζŶҲ֪ûζġ
˵վҪȥԼıȴһġǣס
ǰֻеشͷ飿
滳ֻǾס
ȻԼ˫ǹһɫĴ
Ȼ֦ζġ
alphaŮĴݼ䳢Ǹζ
͸ġˮζӲǣȶĴš
ţеܳϾڰ칫ң֮ǰ˻ڹֳ滳̫ܵġ
omegaŮקԼҰ˵
йɫ˿ϸݶ԰׵ָ֮䣬԰׼еü¶һ͸ɫؽΪץ΢΢ۡ
ôԼҲСһ
ϧΪһֱԵʣԼϢεøܣָһδ࣬ѾܾöûŵalphaŮǳζˡ
ֻͬżżϴЩһࡢ͵͵űӽʱ򣬲ܹŵֿСһƤ㡣
֦ζܳǺ𣬿ȴáƺǳĴˡ
һçײۣûʲô仯
о֡
滳˵ԼؿڵЩƵġȵʲô
ֻ۾Ȼǵø
Щ⡣
֦ζģôۡͬһ㣬ȴҲû⡭
ãźء΢΢ƿȥ
滳ԼĿĿޱרעԼϵ۾ֻǻӿ
ֻһ˵
omegaŮ֮УԲϹĶֵͷ
ˣֿˣҲȻִŵһ㱡롢Ͷ֣Ըſ
һ˵ģߡ
ǣ뷨Ͼ̫˽ˡ滳ԼҲ׵ġ
עҪԼĵ·ϡ
alphaŮֻ֣ȻЦ
滳
ʣĴǡ
飬Ц˵ҶȰĻ汾꣬СǸɹҵĵһĿҪĻҲȥһΪ׼СɱŶ
Ц⣬ںСһomegaŮţֻһȴǻЩֵɬе㲻ĵ촽
ûСС˵ʲôСɱֲè
֪֪°ͲķȻˣǳ˲С
滳ν˼£̧

alphaŮЦøˡ
˵ţֲ˲滳ķ飬æȵһȥʳŶҪһ㡭
ţ滳ϵĵ绰Ȼˡ£洫װ
ϰ塣㱨ţټ죬ҡĺ棬˵ҪҪһ𣿡
˶٣Ծս˱ԼҰ˵ֱۣ۾Щްɫ
ĺ
Щŵʹ滳˰̰ǿͼáʧܵһͿںعҧָû꣬ƬͰ߰ӼǵɵĻɫ
֮ǰһġǵǸ˵۾ҲǵöԷ滳ĳԲѷ
alphaŮ롣
滳
顣˵㻹ҪҪҪȥĻҰ
滳ֻЦЦֱ

omegaŮ΢΢Ц
ôܲأ
*
ĺ̤˵ݡ
ŷһװȻȴڹؽڴ壬ɾѾ춼ûлˡ
ʱalphaԴȵĽŲЩɣü֮˹İ۾ضǰ
ֻǸһƣǿ棬˭ܿóľжô
űߵţ⡢߳Ūɨȫ
ӭĺĿ⣬ȿ˿ڣǸƺøָּˡ
ȷʵּˡ
һμʱϵ¶£Լֵǲʤߵ̬ϵУ֪жô⡣滳ǱһŴܾλ߿ʧߡ
һΣ˵λȴ׵ߵˡΪǸʧȥһеˣеϢϣһֶҲúô
滳ӵһС
ܹӵеһС
ҪˣĺֻܹԼƢҧͷǰߣغһԵ
߰ЦôˣִҸ˭ȥعң
˵һֱԼϵõ˱˳ŻǰһԼֵܵŮھƵſڵĺգ
㡭عѿ˽һĺһӵֱ˳Ѫ˫Ŀŭ̧ȭͷ㡪
ԿЩض˶š
΢Цĺ
alpha˿վͣסˣһԭأ沿ŭǵý
ջûжġ
ĺֻҧţԼĵλ޷ֻôͷȥ׼䡣
һֻűסǰĵ·
̧ߡ
㣬ĺһڷŵøЩ
΢Цalpha˵۾
㲻֪ʲô԰ɣ
ĺʱǵͨ졣
סΪȵķŭպ޶ҧţܹݱҧÿ֨·һҪ
Ц

صǸ֡
ǰŮ߻ϵһС
ѱҲ
һ㣬alphaһͬй˼Ұɫ
״̧ţÿһ·졣
ˡ

ȥɣ


144
ĺ̤˰칫ҵС
ǵضϵͣˣԶȥĽŲalpha˴ͷɫҰ׵һΣڰǻޱȸӵ
ĳ˵ѹֺ޷̧Ŀ⡢ȥԼΪ߸ϵʤߵѪãֻܹɫİ칫ϣʼΣܹڡ
桢滳ҡ
һΪġ
滳Źĸĸҡ
ĺʼһԷľóڦľٶɻἤŭ滳
ֻǣΪһһʧġ滳Ϊһ⵽شʱҺǸ˵ĴǱضܹһٶϣ滳޷֮ա
ô롣
ֱΪһʧĵƱַԼĽϣ滳֮䳹˺˱ĺƽ
ڵϿɶ׵Щ£ֳŪĿǣ򶭴顢һһѣֻһСģŮϢˣƫƫ˼ҽ˳
һӱɽԼһιļҵ߳Щʵֶλ¶ǰɨأһ˿Ҳûˣ֪жЦ
Ȼŭɽȴ滳⣬ĺ²㣬ࡢµֶӣͳŭΨһķйڡ
滳ֻٵĺ׵ʱɽվĳֳ޺ͿԹۡ
ڲ߻һʱɽԼ׿ϹġȴΨһӡ
ڣĺļѾҪٵˡĸ˲Ƿһƨծĸ׵ļæҪƲϵ
ò滳һ·
ڹȥᵽ滳Ŀжôм˵ԼԶܵͷ

ޱȵĿ־Ͱûĵ׻ѹţѹĺͲôӲļǡ
滳ң㡭
alphaϥһһҪڰ칫ǰ
һŲĶ
»ص˰칫ң˵߽ߣһֻ˱滳ǰ

alphaŮô˵ţԼҰߣ˺ܲġޱȷǶĻֿǡ
һ㣬ɤӡĵôæα˷ʱأ
滳ߵСalphaеСǮһŻɫ˵Ľ˿ȸܹ滳߹ƻǹǱ
ĺһӡ
ʱӦеŭģȴֻĵӿһֿ־塣
滳أ
滳ôѪ鵽Ϳ޺Ը
Ŀѵ滳ֻѹѹüëص˵ͷ
ҲǡӦüĺѪҺȫᣬ˵Ҳе
ԡ
³
ĺѿڶ͵عȥ
ҡǸģҴˣĴˣҲ㡣ԭҡȾҡ
õֻһ䵭עӣͬǽǲܻӭһֻСɳ棬ʧȥǡ
ˣ滳滳ãܣ³
alpha״εѾģߡ
㡢ˣҸˣҡ
ֻҪһƮƮףļҾָܹԭ״ǸҵСүomegaߡӽҵú޲ñľҲǽġ
ֻҪһס
alpha˿ͷ³³㡭
ʹʹû滳Ϊأ
ĺ̲סԷţǸ˫ǸװbetaŮˡ
װʲôˣ
ũڳȸ߿֮ҵĳ㣬עҪڿҿԼǸ׸ͥһӵƽӹbeta
ʹˣ滳󶫷磬ҲٲȻһԾȵϸܵλã10ֹɵĴɶָܹǸСӷ˷
أ
ǡɽֶӣǱɽ˵ֶӣҪǱߵļɻ˳ؼ̳ˡҡң滳׸簡
ǴСҲһ𳤴ġװĻܹһԾţƾʲôУ
Сʱûż滳ûкһ۸ǸݲСŮ᲻һжһ
Ǹյĺ£ֻǵʱ΢ֺ滳һ㣬Ҳһ󶫷磬Ҳڶ»һϯ֮ء
ĺֻúڡ
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Ǻʲôأ
Ҳļңҡ
ᱻŵͬħ˽סҰĲһжΪԼ֮Ůٵ
滳õ
ǣĺĹѪһʱӿܵĿ־塣
ʶ㣬·𿴵Ԩ̾ŵġ˷ֵľ޴ޣݶҪս
ԣ룬ɽЩ㣬ЩУĻЧ
ˡ
Ѫֻ˵۾ͬıУޱо̡
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־˼alphaξȫᣬܹʱСʮӺˡ
Ҫѽ
չڰİ칫˵
˷ѿˮо߿Ⱦˡ飬ȥһͨͨŶ
е۵ԼҰ˵ļֺڵؽոնǱȿɿɵݵ滳ǰԼЦԻڼݳһʮʮӡ
omegaŮЩεؿһۣ˳ָ˱һ
Ҫİ˵΢΢ǣǣǣϾʱ򡣡
滳ֱ顣ճϿҪڰһͦȤİ
ƮƮĻ£һû˵
žomegaŮЩֻ̧ԼҰ˵ųˡo״ô
滳⣺ôˣ
ۣ顣͸̾ÿŶոǸ顣

omegaŮʶҪȥҷ塢ȥƳԼı龿ΣİѾǱŴһ§Ȼա
ÿɰŶ顣alphaŮЦոǸҲҮ֡ţּƬĻ󳬼boss
еݣƺıֽȻ෴
˵滳ܿµ𣿲֪ΪʲôҪܿɰһ
滳һʱˣֻ΢΢죬һͷˮ
alphaŮѣޱʢ滳ȥѴһŶҵĲ廭Ҫȥ
˵Ҫͨ磬ľ͸һ졢ֽƿ˳ҵһë̺ԼҰˡȥʱalphaŮ뿪ķ򣬻ЩӶӡ
˺ˣ󹦸ɣ֣صԼλ飬ɿǵúŶ
滳ǹë̺űӣͷ
֪ǲãڽŴͨԺ󣬷ŵ˲ʵĵζҲ𽥵ȥֱȿɿɵȡ
ŵɿζð칫ůİ׳ƹ£ԭɾȴһֻɫԾ˱ɢů
ʵӺܾǰʼͱ䵭պܲһˣı˱ʡƽֵСֽдĿռ䣬ȻһŰ칫ˣءҲǡôռ䡣
滳Ҫеǲ칫ԭˡ
һܿտɣ
룬˱Լ̺˲ء
omegaŮƿĴֿ˿ԼҾ桢ͷˣ㽫עͶǰĻС
װŽʱ򣬿ľһ
ڹԶ״̬ѧú˾ԼĴ칫Ȼ۾רעضĻȴһͨͼë̺ﻹһֻɢŨɿ˱
ǼװҪ̧һ۾߸ɴ˻ȥš½һΡ
滳ע⵽Ķɫƽ̧ѯʣôˣ
˵ʱ滳΢΢ѹʾװԼڰ칫һͷͶŻʵİˡ
ǣҲϵ΢ȥŷһˣģϰ塪
ſһϵڲݸ׶ΣĻϽ֯¿һͼ㣬պõǱߴһԼҰ˹¹
š滳ƺôӦţ˵ͷǵġ֪
װ˵ЩûˣֻǶԼҰ˳
²԰׵Ĳ͸һŨܵĽë΢΢𡢳˫ɫ͸ͬ¶
ΪڹȻźܲĿͨ˱ȴԾԵúࡣǸɫ¡Űߵعơ
ţһʱд󱬷ݲݽһûüߵĲͼˣ¿һŻͼ
˵ģҲ׮Ͷʵ¡
Ҫ˵Ļ׮⻹λʱƻģҪչһƷƣͬҲ̸ˣֻΪʽزۡ
滳΢޸˼֣һʴأƷʱֻҪĸϣµһʵѺȫյû
ֻǣװЩ磬ЩģɽǱߣǻٲǷȡʲôʩ
š滳΢΢ףף
е˱ñء
˵ġСʱ֮롣ϵ


145
ʱСԺ
͵طյС˵ǰ°ŰһҡҡλεΡһȥ쵼ģʮĶ̷Ůҡϣеزŵ绰
ˣϸ˵ġ
ŮЦе˵ţǴüĿģ
ҰʲôֲֵģⶼˣÿҲڼֻ㣬Ҳʲôˡ˰ϸ
ͨһͷ˵ʲôЦӣش̫ʲôҲֱӦ
ȻȻڼֵأҲͦõġ˵ţ豭һȵĲˮɣ˵֣ϸҲǣǧע壬ԼʲôСأǲǣ
ã´绰ȹҼҺӸǰȥټټ
ڹҶͨŮһ²豭ͿԼСŮɫëڻƹϼܺͷЩӰ
۶ε֣˹գأֺѳȥˣ
ǡվʹٺͷ˳ָԼ˸Сƹϣ˲ЩʲôġҲô졣
Ůεؿ˿ԼĻƹ٣ʣǸģ
裬Ůʹչȥ裬򲮸ĵ绰ʲô¡
޷ǻЩ¡Ů˴𣬡˵Ǹ˾¡ȥԸǸŮʲô
ԣŮЩŵգգ۾裬Ӧˣ
ûŮˡмֳָЦЦ豭㲻Ƕˣʱ˵
ԣ裬㲻
ܣҪʲôأƾڵ˻еĲ豭³ŵĲҶ֮䣬˼úúõģΪһɽȥһܣ
ϣѾɽġˣ滳ġ򡯡
ͷҰ׵Ů˵ţԼͷëƵɫ̷СŮЦˡ
۶һˣûٻǵɽˡֻС³ĸס
˵ģΪôˣҶˣȥڵС򶭣ƾҡҡͷ˵Լľϸôôÿ۵ҲӣùҲɽұȥɡ
ԣŮһģڵ˵ͷ⻹С
ôˡƾЩЦԼСŮۣ˼Ҷˣôġ
ĸգСŮ⼤һԩ裡Ҳи룬˵仰˼϶ʶҡðɣǺܳС
ô˵ţڳĻϵóǵʱ׵ϡ滳Ϊë޷һ̸СȹŮ
ҿһһ߶ûգôţҸҪɽǱʲô˳ʱ򣬻ŵأ
˵һʱˣߵõԲ۾
˵裬ҰֺúÿҸ磬˶գסˣȥҪǽҫʱ˲СİϢˣһ֪أ
ɽ˳
Ķӡ⣬Ĵ󶼸ҷ
ٰʱͷƾЩݵط²豭ȴ˿ԡ
ˣ۶ӻ֣ԼСŮȥ֪ˡҽ͵̸ƽʱҲҿŵⲻġ
ϣմ÷ɿ죬˳־߼СһȥҽԼѳȥ棡
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칫ҡ
滳űʼǱԼҰߣ鿴ϵͳϢ
װĻ㱨˵һ糣滳ϵҲѾﵽˣ鶼ڰռƻչ
֮ڡļ֮٣ȻճɹıҪ滳ȻĿ⣬رϢڡ
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ʼûʲôֵַæµԼĿ⣬滳֪ԷԲôݵĹ˼С
Ǳܰ㣬Ǹʱ˸ֻù͵Щʹ
Щȥ˵˰̡бϵ˵ľˣȻѾۼȴȻͬʹһڲ԰׼ϡ
omegaŮָʶԼҰֲ˲䣬ø
ɳΪ˰һţָؽȾµȶȡ
ʵڰ칫Ǳôܵġ
ƽģ滳һŰ칫һţ˸¡ֻalphaŮܿҪʰùҡֿˣպûһ
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ڴعߣܵй̧֣εԼҰ˵ķ
ô顣
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һʱԼҰ˺Ծٶɰò񻰣ֻҲģҪһ
ߵèҵλãٶˡǷеıʣƫͷԼҰ˵գȻڶԷĴӡһǡ
ţôʣ飬ôͻȻ
omegaŮ̧ۣ۾ë˲
Ŀʵ̫̫ˣΪڻһֱһ취ҲûУֻܹȥ֡˫촽һǡ
ô𣿡ʣ۸ˣô
˵űġһɽĻ𣬡ɽǱʲô£
滳ҡҡͷ
ǲϰԼҰ˽Щµģֻ˵ԼЩؿ˿ڣȥԼǸƻҡ
磬֪ɽϵͼѹ⣬ȷ˼Ŀ֮ϵ֮ǰõ֣ʹЩ˶ɽ϶
Щ£ǲ˵ģֲõˣֻų⡣
ֻǡҲӦҪԶԷ̹ϲſԡ
滳˵ˡ΢΢Ŵɫɳһ㣬ȴԼҰ˵ķӦ
ֻ·һͨһ¡
ۡ̾ԣ飬͵ĳѽ
ǡ˳ӡ滳֮죬ᵽ˼Ȼǡ˲СķϢû֪ѡ
Ǹˣǲ콻װϵǸ룬ǾͲ֪ˡ
úúáЦչıǼ⣬֪ʲôҲûֻ޹ǣܺ߶ѡ
omegaŮͿߴ̧̧°ͣȻ
ôһȥˣɴ˵ıʼǱͻȫŵһߵ£§ԼҰ˵ڿɳһ̺
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ӵŶͷ滳䵭ƽ
ȻˣûֻֻǣСʯ飬ڻԼͷ­
Ҫģһֻֻ֡
Ȼ¶ʱһᴩǿɢź͸ζİͷ­
ԼѾʧȥǰġ˥ϵġڼΪȨalphaˣֻʲôأ滳ܺ档

ǣomegaŮԼİ˷ġ
̫ˡ졣


146
ƵʱλŵԹ
üۡ۾ضĻΨҧһϸϸɿ˼Ծ΢΢»ζš
̫滳ŶҲûзվű߿˿ԼôߵģֻЩĪļӸС
о񰡡
ԴΪʲô΢յӣʵںһá
룬̲סεüȡֻ
ղǶȵĹͼҲãľ䡢бµ⣬ֻǵһ̧
С档
Ǵ棬ڻˡ
滳۾̧ͷ㡭
ǲ̧˲䱻˾ͷ֮С
滳㶡Դ˼ѾϰΪˣֻЩεطĵԣ̾˿㡣
һֱϲǵƬСʱˡ
ãԼϲƬЩԼģص⣬ÿ˸߲ҵʱҲֻ̧ܻžͷ¶õЦ
滳ԼϲգСʱļûҪΪƬ󣬳ЩϱĽ֮⣬Ҳ˺Ӱ
ƾϲļšֻΪǸպӰΣԼһһСѵģأ͵ϰˣ𽥷չΪϰߡ
ǣԼԽԽࡣʲôֵƬ滳СʱĬͼһӣҲȥˡ
ƿ˿ԼץĵƬؽֻƸԼãС档ô
滳ֻ̧ۣĻ
ƽĶۣƬȷʵĵ൱
ż಼ķ͸¡ǰǰŮһѧģľķëºͳԺ̧Ϊ׽΢΢۾Ȼ
Ϊɿɵ΢Ƭ滳ԶԵñģҪһҪ˵Ļ
ŶôЦ˵ǰɣС棿
Ȼʱȫӡ
ĸʱƬĻŲ̫ÿ
滳ҲõԼʲôӣݵһҪݲ԰ףҪô۾һʵķǱѹסĳǱը̵޷࿴ҪôجǲҰ׵һ
֮ԲƬģ
ΪalphaŮϸ˿Ƭ̧ߡۺЦض滳Ƭ̣ȻС棬ǲ΢һѽ
滳סˣ𣿡
԰Цգá֮ǰһ⣬ɫҲöˡҾͷˣ
ԣomegaŮæֹ㣬ܡ
ļ棬һҪܵġ
֪Ӧ˵ǰĴ϶ϲ
˵ƬȥҲʼƴ豸ոµƸ壬չʾ滳
㿴С棬Ķռ˼·ǡ
һƵøţ˽һЩomegaŮͼֽʾһλãܲ΢һ֣ϳһĿռ䣿úܴ󣬵ǿԱҪзһ桭
ԡƼ󣬡ʲôӵģ
ԸճЩ滳׼õĲοͼҸ
˾ڵͼֽ˺һ󣬽ȫ޸ƿƽ壬Ա½Ĳ͵תǰ
㣬ҡ滳òӲǣ̧ۣҪ˵ʲôͱҡҡͷס˻
ˣС棬лˡ˵ţе˿Ȳ裬˭ⲻ˵߸Ķ࣬ͨҲ㣬иҹЩСòˡ
ô˵ˣ滳ֻõͷû˵ڵл뽹ζĲһ˶
ϲ
ֻܾнܹúáΪûнӴйصκ£ƺĹϵָ׽ƳĽŻʺ͸Ϊһ
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ǵǸζҹһöֽɵĽָڳڶ׵ҹĻ֮£׵üҫۡ
ݾϲΪ֮⣬롭
˼Ժת˼Ȧ滳ʶҧӣЩʳ֪ζ
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ôС档ѾɳĿʽ충ˣƾͶأ֮ǰǿǲҲѾˣ
š滳͵ͷѾˡٵȰܾܼƷ
롣Ƹ̾УСܲãǼӡ
һʱע⵽滳Ȼ㡢ȴԺЩĲɣƵƵԼƮٵֿʱеջʣһûж
ƻΪ߽ȣɴ࿪ʣôˣС棿һֱҡ
滳ʼǱװرֻ̧Щԥ
šջʳŵúСģ㡭˺ܶ𣿡
һ㶣ԼóϵĻﶺЦˡ
ʲôС档alphaŮ֣ȥ滳ķ˵ʲôء
ռʱ˵滳֮ǰ˵⣬ǵڡûסЦеʱĺܺ棬ԼôСԴϵôģζϡ
˲СܾͶ棬Ϊ¶Цݶšüͷǲ֪ʲôЦĵط
㡣ظܶ𣿡
˰ɣС档Ϻܲ˵Լõβ裬ַڴһֻè䣬ȰΧ˵Ǹ֣֪ɣڶأûϾʮ
滳Ƭ̣޹ȦҲˣԼеŲߣЩƮӦš
ġšûС
ƾ̾ˣС棬ǵʮ壬аɣڣѡԼ꣬ҪǲĻҾ״
omegaŮҡͷ۾ѾдˡҪҪҪĿܣ״ƾͱЦҲټԼСˡ
ʰö滳˷裬뿪䡣
㡣ֱʱ滳֣صУעⰲȫ⼸죬ҵɽǱ˵ᴹˡǱҲСЩ
ȻС档ƵͷӦˣʣҵ£кҿǰ컹ѡַأһȺæòɿ
ûomegaŮôӦеƵģˡȵǾλã͸ͺˡ
Դ̧̧üЩεЦ
ӴСܲá˵
滳Щģҡҡͷ
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״ƾЦ˳ֺһͷë
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һƽʱǵ滳ĺ󱳣ӵԼݵСá
С棬ǺúӣҲǡǶܺáƷԺʲôͨǰףǰúˡٿǿǵ֤ˣǣ߻̺˵أС棿
omegaŮԼҽͷ۾
·ѩһ㡢Ȼȴ¶ͷɶ̳һƬȡ
á
滳ӦҲӵסԼΨһ˵ļ
á
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·ͣ滳ںŵԲ鿴յʼȴȥһϴּ˾
ʱոպáֱ֮󲻾ãյװ磬֮Ļһݼܵʼ
ˡ
ͼѹ滳ãȴʼղЧʶԼɽջǳһơ
ڲ滳ĸŵߡ
滳һֱڵȴģѹһƬѩµһ̡
ɽϾĶ³ô꣬滳֮ǰʼΰѿļţ˵ûһ֣滳ǲŵġҲֻݾߡ
ڣܴ֮ɽ̲סˣơ
ʱ䣬Σȴޱȷƽ˾ֻΪߵҵɿתšһɣÿ˶æµøûʱ佫Ͷעϡ
ʺԶֽšһССĶ˭Ҳĵطֱڹؼʱ̽һʱ
ٱϿ
ʼսŹ˾Ķװڽʮֵʱ̣ץһֻո³֡СС۵Сӡ
ϰ塣װǵȣǲ飿
滳ɿɨļݣƲĻʹж켣ȡ
ĻĹӳڵ۾˸Ŀ⡣
ٵȵȡ졣˵һûκЦЦɽµ桭ԶҪడ
ԭֻһֻֻҲˡ
ô桭ɴһѻոɾá
ǡװǱӦúܿ죬·ĴѾյˡʹȥ
ٶʲôľϡϧսҲǾĵģ糣ûʲôŽսսƬЩĽ졣
滳ҶͨѶЩű߼ʵʶɵalpha֪ˣ˵Ҳϧеʧشüء
ǸСһëβͺͶ䡢ʧ飬滳һʱҲȴ˸ոյֻǴ΢΢¶εЦ
ǡ롣
Ķ˼άһ滳ûӦָȴѾ֪زͨԼҰ˵ĵ绰롣
ˡཡཡĵȴʱһɲǣԥŻûǷӦùҶϣݵġΡһ죬ǱѾˡ
ô顣
alphaŮЦβ΢΢ţһƤС˷
˵𣿡
ֻôһʣȴǡǡúõ˵滳˼omegaŮһ˲䣬һӺ͸ˡ
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ĺܣ˸߲ҵҪŻõòСŵĲʺǣ滳еϡ
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alphaŮƳһĻ·ʱ䣬ȸԾصȴ
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omegaŮضԼĹˣֻȻ˫ͫɫǳӵЦŵ۾￴һĨ⡣
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alphaŮЦʣЦݼ΢΢ǣ˸ѵ촽һѪԼȴȻ
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װ˰ࡢ׼ȥϢˣ´ͷգգɬ۾ȥ
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149
ʱȥϵĸ֪Ҳľȥ
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ױ滳ڹˣ¶ֲԼһڴšɴСųԵ滳Աߡ˵
иʢСһ졢ɢע滳ƺҲ΢һˡ
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С㣬ǡ¶ͷ桢Щģؿڣ˶˰ʲôʱܻȥҵûдܻ꣬и¿
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ĵףomegaŮһءظԼ˵ŮĻ·ץסʹһݡ

ġҵǡϾͿԻؼҡ
ʲôʱ
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Ǵӹ˼Сõźţɽﶯߣװϣ׽֤һݡ
ɽҪ滳ʧӡͶ빫ڵĲУûϹɼۣƫƫҪһ𳾰䶨֮ǰ²ƿ˳ִһӱڣɳõλõص㡣
ͼϵźʱʱһʧĻϣalphaŮԾսŷ֡˳ִ˱װװҲ˳֡
ŵͼϵǸ㣬ֻԼҶ侲
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Ϊѧʱûٴܡֻʵ̫ϷڸѵصıЩΣյʱֻ侲ԼЩԾ
ǰҹضиǱڸλÿƾ棬·ĳֵһӽǵcsϷУĻǰԼǰ
ֱһȰǰ
λźŵķءǰذڵλá
ŵޱŨ̱ǵalphaϢζ̼񾭣ͷҲʹ

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滳أֻһذסȴӰѾȥĵصأ
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alphaṲ̊صƬأֻڿԼİˡ
һСšͷڴϣŴ˯ŵĳŮƺѾ˯ȥˣŵľҲδܹѡ滳Ұ׵װϺ϶մѪȴյһƬ졣
Ҫ޷ˡ
滳ȥˣ滳ңˣҡ
omegaŮ۾߻ɢƺЩرʶǰˡ

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omegaŮʶҪ¶Ц
ƴᣬͼţ滳Һƽ㶼ˣѾûˣھܻؼˣһߡ
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Ҳܡ

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滳ƴײȥһӵƫ˵ϣѾסalphaŮ˵ֱۣжǹŤڵء
ƻһù˼Сŭüʧȥǣ˵صػ£ÿһ;ĩ·ķ
һ˷Ǹɴȭŷ׵һס˵УŶԷɿ֡
㡢ʹalphaŮҧһһصͺţҷſ
ॡ
˼Сеšƴ̧ͷײѹԼ
ûܶ㿪ߵʱȾһƬģҧſǻѪζס˵ӣһȭһȭһȭ
ѵ
߱žѪɫţھ޴ķŭalphaŮŭÿҪʧȥǣֱһ𽥸˶ʡ

ԼҰ˸ɬġ
滳ڻһԣֻԳŲ壬ˣǵÿߡ
á
÷ɿ죬˵ĺصײˮϣŹ˼СڻѣУһѱԼİˡ¥ݡ
˼Сľȱü죬ȥ׷ǣҲȥ׷𣿡
׷˼С˳ǿѪ˫Ŀ˻ţȻʧȥǣ׷
ӵ÷ɿ죬еĻңһ·ɱ
滳ԼҰ˵ĻֻеӶòֻģɫ顣
飬飿
˵Ϊɿıܶȵš
ˣûˣͻؼҡ
Ƶĳȴų¶ˣڵ»żʱͣĦС
ɿĦгͷãԼҲͷ˳ѡ
䡪
飬ң
alphaŮعͷŻĿЦ
ǻؼ
Ħгڷɰ˽ֿڣ̤Ϲ·ͬһһżҵķ򼲳ۡ
ܿظǣͼ׷ϡ
пǹʱ𣬡飡飡ը
ưܵĦalphaŮļʻ¼һֻӯض㿪ӵͬĵ·ȥͼ׷˦
һ·ǰ
ǹ˼СĳԶҪϵĦҪ졣
ʻ˴ŵ·ΣǼҪ׷ϡ
滳§½ĺ󱳡ķõ˴˵Ҳֻб˴ˡ
·硣
ǣҲޱƽ
飡ȴԼҲ壬滳Ұ㡪
omegaŮţ·һ㣬ƺҲڻش
ǹ졣һ㡣
ûİ˵Ļشޱȳȶֿ
滳۾ļֻૣҰ㡣
ڷļžǰɳţ׷ľȴȻԽԽԽԽ
ֱţڹ˼Сָʾ±任ŷλ
һһҡǰǰرƽĦУγΧ֮ƣһ䣬Ҫǳ׽ͣ
һ㡣
ХķУalphaŮͷԴ˿ޱ
ֻһ㡣
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ˡ
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Ǹ˲䣬͵ؼӴһ˦βΧб෽ǰǰ
ܵһ̣ȴȻײĦг˲䣬ԼҲͬײһ
ڱ˲䣬滳alphaŮعرסԼӵλסͷ
ģɳ۵ײ
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150
ǳһоػˡ
ɽҵ߳ݵɧܿ챻滳ȶλ򶭷Լǣ˽ȥԼΪҵ¸
¶ƽߵ磬ûʲôˣֻΪܾŶ˸գؼҺܿգҽİҲ𽥰ӰͶ˳µѧϰС
˼СΪ˶Ǳδ죬Ҳ뷨˼СԼڳײʱ˵۾ҽԺܼӡ
ǣڶݵ֮ϵķչܿƽɵسźˡʻµĺ
һжܺãǳá
ʼû֮⡣
ˣǳ׳ȥʱײͷȻҽƽø⼰ʱҲֹۣȴʼδѡ
ҽ˵죬alphaŮͻˡ
⼸죬滳һֱڲҲһڲġȴ֮⣬ڳ˵òأȴҲˤ˸첲һʯࡢƵıһŲϰ칫
ձȻʱȶһֻڼӻ롣òױųפĲﲻˡ
ǣΪ㱨񣬻Ϊ̽װÿʱԼѧõ֧첲ԼڵĻһ
ҲһװıºһԵĹϣֻԼϰ崩ſĲŷæµţָڼϷɿ
滳վƬ̣̲ס˿ڣͼȰοҲ뿪벡ûãҪ۵ˡ
滳ʹӵĻ̧ͷЩٻǣ˿ڡ
˫۾ɫޱƽֻ·ƽʱһ죬ȻȴȾɫ۵׷죬ԵøΪ԰ס
Ϊʼû˯ù
ΪƵԭû취ҩԼҲ̫˯ϻڵʱ滳ԼһڴߡеĹȻԼҰһ
ʵҪ˵żںڰʱ滳ҲԼֱضеëȻ
ƽʱĻ϶ҪûڣЦǣ֡
顣˵մһ룬ô˯ѽһֱҡ
ȻalphaŮͻһ˯
ǣǡ
һֱûѡֻΪ˱
ֻһalphaŮЦݣ滳ͼҪ̲ס۵׵⡣Щͻ䲻࣬Ҫһŵۡ
ִֵءԼҰһŲϣ뿪
װҲ˵ʲôˣֻܹὫºԷķơ
˰Ĳ衣װ˵θڵĻһЩɡҽ˵Žͻˡ滳ҪǿĻ϶ҲܵġҪãܺú˰
滳ͽӹº˵ͷ
ѧ㡣˵װ۾лл㡣
װҡҡͷᰴ˰ûдһ߼
Ȼȥˣ滳˵ˡ˾Ǳңʲôһϵġ
װѩ׵Ĳعž
滳ڴϣ˱۵۾ϥϵĵԷһԴϣǴЩ衣
Ͼѧ˵ǶԵġĻҲѹģҲˡ
ţ滳СС̷ҩ裬ԼһЩ
֪ΪߴӵĻƿˣΪҩԵʣͷƺҲûиոôʹˡ
omegaŮűӣֻȻﶼûʲôɫ˴ǲŷĵɫӵļɫֻѧµıºǲɫģɫƶĲＸԵЩĿ
ԼЩҲѾϰƶɫʣŲϲ
Ӧ׼öһġ
滳룬´򿪵ԣɿһ֣šüͷɾȥ
ϲġͷƤҿԴĶ
ֻǵһֱҪ˯ʱ䣬Ҳһֱû
ܰҽָ൱ãҲתѣ滳װεûȻһµĲڣҧ촽ֻӿ
ΪˣҲΪǵԵʣԲʲôֻ˼ڣûæóȥˡ
滳θºȻӿʹ壬ȴָֻþˣľһ㣬Ҫˡ
ǣ滳ԭԥã߹ȥ˻ĵӣԼҰ˵Ĵˡ
Ȼ֣Щӵأô̵أȥָ⣬ס
·𿴵һľ޴ըȴޱȼžȫֱ·Ǿֻб˴ˡ
Ȼ滳ʧȥʶˣûܶôصƣȴһֱûѡ
滳˯
Լһٱ۾Լİ˾ͻʹʧҲҲ
ȷѾ̫öû˯ˣδ޷ƽʱһ͸֧װһҩҲȷʵ㹻滳ԼҰ˴ߣҲظеӿ
ȵƣЩθ滳ͷ麹ջ̲סҪ۾
Ҳ˯ͷԼҰ˵ָ䣬ôԼ
Ҳ˯ģҵţֻϢһ£΢Ϣһ
ǣڱëߺʻĲƣomegaŮпԼҰ˵֣šüͷ˯ȥˡ
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۾ʱľһ
֪Լ˯˺ܾõģԴ֫屻͸ţ۾ҲɬصҪŶ˶еһѣδԺӿ
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Ȼ㿴Լİˡ
滳ڲԵϣտ֣˯š
ݲ԰ףձѹ΢΢üͷҲšúܽ·Ҳ޾ĳҵҪ
ţۿＸӿһ⡣
ٺĳѣԼİˣʵС
ǻ˰
滳һжˣǶúõġ
Ҳܹ˺İˡ
alphaŮúÿĺÿģΪ滳˵òԼأڿͻԼߡϾ滳ôҪԼһ˵ˣһָúôòˡ
һ룬ĵַ
滳á롣
޷ԷֲҰסֻ·͸һգ۵ڣβҲţ֪Ϊ޹̫áΪᡭ
Լ˯˶ðְԼŪˡ
룬ֻǣǣӲǣĵζѹ
Ҫǵģһ̶ܷء롣
ֻü֮ƣͿԿԼҰһöûкúϢˡ
ѵ˯ôҲ㽫˽ѣֻ΢΢˶ָomegaŮŶԷšüͷһ㱾ܵɿɫ͸¶ְ
ǣԼҰ˵ݣҲ΢΢¶Ц
⵽ñҹĻʿǰ鿴״ɶԷԼϵһɼ˸ͣʾԷԼ˯İˡ
ûʲô°ɣѹ˵ҪûеĻʿ㣬˵ɣ
ȷʵãһ֮Ҳûʲô⡣ֽ˼֮󣬻ʿ뿪˲Ƕˡ
ýߴԼҰ˵Ųһ㣬ڴβŵèСżйʢʻ
ֻëסЩֱŵС߰һ𣬱˴ܵпţޱȿɰ
ȻɰĻİˡ
Щ滳ľϲ
룬ֻú
omegaŮ˯еݣ̲סҪ΢Ц
ȵİ˯ˡ۾ʱ򣬵һʱͻῴѾˡ
롣
֮͵滳ľϲ


151
ôʢϾԴalphaŮľôҲЩõġ
ҹʱ̲סƣ˯˹ȥһΡβͬڻʱĻڼžһΡ
滳źƯƯһӯĵɫӡɴȹǧϣ۾΢΢ôЦЦ촽Ⱦ͸һķۺɫӣһ
ŷ硢ɴ滳ĳ𣬷·滳Լһɵġ͸ĺ
İ˷ǧ֡

omegaŮô
𣿡
ȻҪۣҪӦеȴվڵ·һˣԶԶؿšʼûж
İ˻ȴţȴôҲŲֻܹ滳ҡǧɴȹڷƮšס԰׽ףǵȴŽİ׸롣
ҵȲ滳˴ɫ¶ֵ䣬һӾˡ
ҪǰȥӵסԼҰϸݵ˱ǧȴֻܹԭؿţ滳ɿ˷ǧ֣ȥ
һֻס
ޱĪءţһ
ʲô
ֵģһεһģһ̨ʼǱ滳ƽʱǫ̃һǶ̷żСװϾ޴ʯָ⡣
İ˱ʼǱȽסڱʼǱĻomegaŮ˴üֻۣס˴Žָꡣ
˵ģһƬëƮ䣬ȻûҾҪ͹ˡ
šʼǱԷϳɵĻеŮޱҸҪˡ
飡ͼֹҪ
Ȼ֪ӺδڽõȻǻС볤
ڸ顢滳Ҫ顪
滳ɴȹƮţסȹڣŽָ꣬ԼĵЯ֡ת̤·
Ҫ
״һӼô
顢飬ҪҪ͹顪
ţ͵۾
ӳģ컨İס
ŲŲ۵Ĳ㿴ԼҰݡ
ȻȻӴսǵĲ滳ҹﾫƣ˯ȥʱλãͷЩģݲ԰ƣ
滳㶵ء۾ôע·𲻸ȷԼľģֻһþѡ
顣
գգ۾һģһݣֻʶʳ
ǵĻɴҪʲôɫģ
滳ԣȻৡغ۾
۾Ҫˮۿתţȴƫƫҧ촽ᡢϿ޳
ôomegaŮĺ۾뵵ͬʪĺ
Ǹ鿴ʵ̫ˣ˱궵ͷʪίè䣬ѹomegaŮҧ촽̫أ԰׵Ĵֱĥ·ЩѪ졣
Ǹ㲻ҧƣҲһĳӡ
϶ʹ
Ӵţû취ͼֱȥԼҰĨᣬҪҧ顭
óȻ˵̫ǿˣͷһΣûֵ˴
״滳̧𶯣
մȾſǻĲһӴˣβŶŵòӡ
ѣȥֻomegaŮۿͨ졢ΪͣˮһӹȻٲܿء
ء
úãæӦҲ飬ûǸոеΣûʲô
ءȻӿҧĴ˲䣬滳Ҳ̲סᣬأ
omegaŮͷסԼҰ˵֣޵ԽԽס
ֻôҲͣһŲ԰չ¡ٴݵ°ͼ䣬ʪѩ׵ı֣ͬһѶӿĺ
û취ؽûµģӴ飬ô޳ѽ
İ˾ʹҡͷȻһ
޵öס˱ӣҲƵģЩžžવؽʪĲŷڡ
ء
ֻö˶ָԼҰ˱ȾʪһƬգԷĨȥˮ
滳һ߿ޣһֻ߲סָ׽ýģһ֡Լİ˾ͻʧһԽԽס
滳šԼҰ˵֣أ
ڡalphaŮ۾Ӧڡ
Ѿûˡûˡ
滳Ȼڿޡ
š޵˼˺һĺɤֺܿ챻ƣҪһӿ޾ġµпɬᡣ
ӿˮȾۿͱǼ⣬԰Ҳܿ챻Ĩúɰֿͯһ
omegaŮʣء
״εЦЩʯһġԵᣬҲƬġͯһĺټһ
飬һԼˣòãû
滳šеµģֻȻ׽ֲϷš
΢΢ͷӡһǡ
omegaŮһڣ㶵ؿ±ӣһᡰžડϡ
Ц
˵ü䣬滳һ
*
滳˺þúþãϢ̫٣ںĴľߡ˯ȥˡ
ͼ飬ȥԼĴ˯ֻǻһոճڣͱԼҰһۡ
Ҫ滳ô˵Ϊ̫öƵģǣ֡
ָֻ˵øֺ֣Ӱ㲻ԾζһͻܵƵġ
ŪúЦΣҲֻܷȥˡǣomegaŮһܲġŤŤƣ˯˹ȥп֡
Ƕ֣ظԼҰɢĳ
ʵǿ޵̫ˣ۾ţҲͨģ԰ϻЩۣ۵ȱϢɫ͸ΪĿ
ǸԵ滳ˣŷµļᾣһȥֻ۸ú˵ĺӡ
ư൤޶ʱľһ
ۣ
Ǿϲ۾Ȼֺܿÿеڴ߱ȳꡱƣʾעԼ˯İˡ
裬裬һѽ裬ƽ㣬֣ȵһǴ˵
൤Щεصͷֻ߹˸ԼСŮĶͷԼõЦԼİȳȥˡںһ㣬һں
˲൤վűߡӴԼСŮֻһͷˮءΪǸֵزסţͼҵ𰸣ҪֱǻҪԴĲˡ
൤ţ̲ס̾˿
Ա߻ոʱĻ⣺̡
̸ε¹ʣ
⼸ʱ൤ԼҴδΣյСŮڲ˯ѣ֪ЩΣնΪŮˣʵҪȫ޽٣ǲܵġ
ֻȴǸԼⳡƾнޱȳ侲ζ³ؿԼŮֱߡ˯ŵģ޺۾ͱӵӷǸС
ŮҲΪԼİ˶𽥳һ㹻еĴˣ¸ҡϻ۶ϡҲ൤Լĺõ
ͺ񡪡ԼŮİĵǸΪҰļСܡһӱĨȥˣ޺˱Ӻ۾滳ĺȡ
ǰ൤롣
ôҲǸӰֻǺһ󡢶ʮͷĺӶѡ
ˡǣ൤ô˵¶εЦ⣬ͦõġ
ุס֣ԼŮݣҲ˵ͷ
ԣЩظ˵ʲôԼõʩʩȻ˿ڡ
ˣСưත³ô˵ЦģʲôʱҼңСĻ񣿡


152
ľָԶһٱ
֮ǶͷΣҽٰµʱ䲻Լ·Ū֮alphaŮʹžСԼҽԺ￪ŵ綯εɡ
ôһȦͿ滳ߣһ߸첲ĲŷﱧűʼǱԣЩؿֱǴ󲡳ѵ˻
һıʼǱ̲סԼƵ
ǳԼ죬۾˹顣
omegaŮ۾ίְؿһۣŲĿ⡣
߹ˣֻվǰȴȻŤ߲Ͽˣ
ǸʵǺƢβͼⲻĵ˦˦ȥè䣬̲סҪЦ
ǰһ㣬ȥǣԼҰ˵֡
顣alphaŮЦҲǹⲻ
Դʼ滳Ͷرؽţż뿪һ¶СalphaŮȥϴʱҲһ˫ִֵĺ۾Ŀ⾼޲ôͰϴ
Ҫ滳ֺߵ˶ˣΣֻܿΰ˸ߡ
Ҳǡ滳ڿϻصԼĴȥ˯ˣʱûѣԼγȥת˼Ȧ磬Լ½Сõöǡ
ɣʱ滳ѾˡΪĴţֿʼƢ
סָģϸָЩ䣬ֻΪűʼǱ̫öմЩȶȡ΢΢֣ƣȻԼҰʮָۡ
Ӵû顣alphaŮЦ̻أֲʲô¡ǿ㻹˯û㿴ĴȦŶֲú˯Ҫè
滳һת۾˭ᡪ
ֱ֣͵ǿհǰ
顣Ц¥¶ҵġʲôʱʱ䣬ҰǸ͸ҺС˵ˡ
omegaŮüۡǹ̺ССãӦһнӹ˰ǡ
š滳ô˵סůڵ֣Ȼĵǣǣǣ´Σһߡ
û취ͷͻ˻˽յ֣Сڽһ
ӦȻ
*
滳ȥ˼Сһ档
ʱЩԥ۾ﲻסطҡ
ҡ滳ôҿȥ𣿡
ֻҪԼĻalphaŮúԥֻ۾Цû滳Һһ𣬺òã
ǣһ·ǣ֣ǵ˹˼СڵҽԺмڲ⿴ţֹǱӵ⡣ӷŵСֻõ谵һģӰݡ
滳ǾҪԽȥģȴٳû¶ġ
ǣҪҪҺһ𣿡
ʣһ۾ԼĿЩ԰׵İˣûЩĲЦʱǳɫ۾ֻԵޱȿɿ滳һʱüЩ
omegaŮҡ
飬Ҫǲһ˵ĻǾһȥ˵ԼҰ˵֣Ҫ֧ŵòã
滳Ҳס֣ã¶ĵءҡҡͷ
ûµġ滳˵ң
ֱһΣƿš
ڣűڲ֮Ĺ˼СЩٻһŲȻ
£alphaŮſڣƺ˵Щʲôֻûܹ
ǳ֮ıըǸݣ˵Զ滳ҪأҲһֱûܹ뿪

ֻ۾
ǳɫġһȥֻ˾ľӯȴޱ߶۾
滳ţֻ·һӵԼеĻ
һ½Ӷһ㣬ĸףȻЩûĶˡ
˼СҲԼִ
滳滳
alphaŮ۾һգգضƫִһţƬƬģˮ
滳
˼Сǳ֮󣬲ġ
ȻΪܻų˹ʱȴҲڹǼòݳԸҲ˵ˣǰǰ󻻹ཻ
ֻǣô۽ǽСɰomegaŮbeta㣬ԸǿƵalphaˣûٸ滳һĸо
ڹʱ˼СΣεԼĸʱ
εǸ԰ŮһƬ£ΪŶ䡢ߵشȥΪıѶҧۿѪ·һͻ᳹顭
滳滳
õһ͸겻һСҲޱİ⡣
ʱ滳Լ࣬桢Լٵ
İǰһе˶Ȼζ
ǣ˼СԽԽƵΣÿһ׸εǸ͸ͬһŮ
εԼӵ߰߳ݺۡ滳۾۾ǹעһ޾İ
ôܲΪ˶Ķ
ǹ˼Сˡ
֪ġ滳ôԸⱻٵ
һֻҪ棬滳ͻ»صߡ
߳µˣҲֻǸƷѡ滳ôҲһȥ滳Զᰮ
Ӧ
滳ôܲ
滳ȴվǸ޴alphaŮߣˮĺ۾ޱˡ
˼С룬滳ôܲ
ǣ滳
˼СûomegaŮȻǰǸalphaŮġͬ޴ذףҲ۾ɬֻĳ
ôܣ˼СҪˣô
滳ôܲҲͺʳЩ⡢й˼СĲп˺ȫֵһ᣿
滳ӦĶŶԡ
Ķ˭Ҳ᲻ߵĶ
˼СţҪǰomegaŮռСҪ۶İǣĵֿױԼ
ˡΪǸ߶滳alphaŮ
滳ţomegaŮ˫۾ֻɴµ沿⣬ͼ˫۾ҵȥİ⣬滳滳
滳û
ֻվĹ˼С
ءҲָסԵЩЦĹ˼С
Ѿˡ
滳ָ⣬ԼݼݮǹζǸǿհǵζ
ҲѾδ
˼СţȫǺˣƺҪ˵Щʲôһ
滳
Ѿˣ֮ûʲô˵ġ˼СǷǹܡԷδ졣㹻Զټ
ңվȥ϶Ҫȼ˰ɣ
ϾֻõalphaŮʵڲϲɻΣڿ϶ԭתӴ䡢߸ɴѧƯƣҲԼˤȥ
滳ţ۾¶εЦ
ҡҡͷתٿԼĹȥˡ
滳滳
˼С˻֣ĿΪֻͼͣͼסԼִ
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153
ĦķΡ
ŤŤͷֻڴϵİֻ˸ƣʯĸ첲ŤŤһߣë
ȻΪҹĻ谵飬ҲܹõomegaŮ϶Ŀ⾼ضĳطΪ˯ŶЩƵŴǡ
ӹ˵Ƹϴڣ滳Ѿ˺öˣѰԼͷżҲûomegaŮӰ˯⡣
εЦ˻֣Լˣ
顢顪
滳ᡰһǱͻȻһβ͵èƵģֻЩãȻ̧
˵ҪҪһ˯ѽ
ԣomegaŮڴ϶˶Щɣ𣿡
Ȼ÷ɿ죬ĥӲݵ飬һ𡪡
滳ԥһƺ״ǲ֧˼һŴϣջ̲סġ￰Լͷżյˣš
ǵĲ൱˲ԷomegaŮСءһĴߣɵýӲҪ
ֱǸΣ֢ˣֻҪٲСһ㡢˴ͻ˵һ
״alphaŮֻܺЦεؽˣѽ顭
š滳ͷǳӦһȻǻֱͦͦôˣ
û취ֻ÷еؽˣһ飬Ҳ㷭΢һ
滳ȻǶ˵Ǹû취ģԣСŲ˸ԼյԱߣˡ
һµġԴ
м仹һֻܣšȥԼҰ˵֣˳ŪһߣomegaŮһܲ
Ӵ顣ΪֻǽԼҰ˵΢ָ࣬˳һڣԼٺ١Ц㲻Ҫһأѽ
滳Ǳ߰һһֺСĵ䡣
á
omegaŮúһ仨Ļꡣ
еȶǱϵϸֱҲֻŸСģһ
ԼҰ˵֡ȴţȻȵomegaŮпšǿ㹻ˣ㲻Ծϲ˲ա
èһģһ

alphaŮһò񻰣ҲʪģֻԼҰһ¡
ֻǣԼʵڲ㶯Ҫǿ˵Ļ滳϶ֻ쵽񻰡
Էûʲô˯⣬͸˵Ҫ˯ˡ
ǣֻᰲomegaŮֱۣ˿ڣ˯𣬴飿Ϊ£
ԵİЩģض˶΢˵ͷ֪ڵͷڷϡ
ȻϿʲôϾȥǸ˼Сֲ֪֮˵ʲôҲΪЩ滳Żʧߵġ
룬ָοԼҰֱϵʯ࣬ȻǼűĲͣϣһӯǡ
ǳһġalphaŮ룬˳ԼҰ˵ļ
ǵһʱʱҪϲ١ȻǺݺݣڻϸ
òױһ㣬ɲһֵȥˡ
顣ţ˵ҪúóԷŶҽҲ˵ٹҾܻؼˣҪǻؼҵʱݻȥòã
滳Ҫ˯ˣֻǺģֲ˲ļ򣬸첲§͵ͷһš
ʵ̫ɰˣ̲סҪ
Ǽѽ飬ûкúóԷǸҲֻ˼ڡϲ𣿻ûθѽһֱŲȷʵԲʲôŶȥඵ
滳˵ءšһս§ֱۡҪèβͣľҪžžવصء˦ˡ
ǸӦֱЦ
ҪٶȥèҪһˡalphaŮǴ˼ͷֻԼЦˣ飬ҪǴӦҵĻ͸С컨һ䣿
£滳Ӧ÷ɿ졣
˵ˡôҪȻΪĻ̫ƻֱȥԼĿƬʮ䡣
ҪӦҲŶ
omegaŮͷ
ǣ飬ʣڼʮԸҪʲôѽ
ԣ滳ƺһƵģһӴ̧
ھͻ𣿡
ѽЦҪ˾ͻ
omegaŮԥҧס촽۾ҲƵΪѣղ˵ͷ
ǡ滳˵죬ȥط
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ʲôطأ
һһϡ֪ʲôĵطԼҰôôãҲһֱִŵ
滳ƫƫصò񻰣һҲ͸¶Ҫʣͱսַͣ˵èһҡͷ
ǣֻôһͷˮԼҰ˳
ǰɫģ滳ɫࡢıƽϰ໹¡صװڼϣͬװĵ𿪳һۿȥֱȵսƬսƬ
飬alphaŮǻ̲סڣۣôţǵҪȥİ
Ұ˾ҡҡͷҪһֱһ˫Ϊ΢΢Ľë
ܡô˵˵
ŶһȥͼԼҰ˲Ľë
omegaŮһֻһ¡۾ãȻҲȥˡָⴥµĳڽë˾ŵ
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һγ̲̫ڳϰԼҰ˵֡˸ڵĿĵء滳Ҫ۾ֱ˵Բ
ۡ͡ظ̾һ
ʲôѽ飬죬Ҫôôء
ô˵ǹԹԵر۾ֻо滳һֻЩŤΣǰߡ
Ƶʵ̫ѣ̲סʣۣ飬Ұ㿪ɣ
ֻջһ棺ۡ
˭
alphaŮرԹ䣬ֻԼҰȥˡ
ԿףűƿalphaŮ۾ںڰȴţԼҰһˡ
۾
ӳģһŸߴǳ׵ܣǶǽڣͼ顣ǳɫľʵذ壬ƹİף½װ޵ľζ
һźȻĿЩԼϲҵƷҪô趨汾廭
ۣ
ƳһĨҲϴĺɫһ˷ܵشָǱθ˺üȡ
飬ǸǸʦƷѾôҲҿҲҾǿҿһۺòá
滳һƹȥһĿĻ汾ͣһԼҲ̫ϵõĻ֮ǰֻԼǵλңƺǻЩǮ
ҪϲסŤ壬۾ģҿ𣬴飿Ϳһ£ģҿ϶ġ
滳ͽŽջһġССССġ
Ȼ
ô˵alphaŮؽСطϥϣ۾þˣϲģԼҲ¶ЩЦ
ѽ飬űľ滭ҿز֣ǡŶˡ
滳Ц˳
ΣԼҰ߹һеƷ
ΪġԼϲĻҵƷalphaŮ۾ԽԽԽԽ󣬼Ҫϵ
ۣϵء˷ظ̾ţۣ飬ôҵֵطİôûˣôͼݡǲǲ˽˿ŵѽʶĴӡûҵ
ڣܾͣͷһĿռǰΪûзϲɳ뱧￴ȥЩģֻǽǶ鼮ǴӿõĿǪ̇̄͵ϣѿδʲôӡ

滳˿ڡ
Щģ

alphaŮգգ۾
滳Ƶǰһǳ֣صءҪ˵Ļе֣عȣĹھѡ˵ֽŹͷˡô˵ȥ
ͼݣҺͽһƵġ飬˻ҾҲϲ
滳˵ƽͬ¹һЩ
ԣҰ͸㡣Ժˡ˵ǡԼӵУǶԹڿţ뷨ҪţͼӪİ׸㡭
غһΣҲֱòˣŷԼҰ˽öǵķޱ
omegaŮʣϲ𣿡
ŵʱë΢۾ڴƯͬʢ¹ĺһ㡣

ģİĺԼûеȵĻش𣬾ֶ˶ӲĽŸȻ˺һ
Ȼ󣬵ϥȥ
Ȼ˺
omegaŮֲ㡣ŤŤشӻͳǸ޲ĺӣͷַ˺һ򿪣ȥǺ߲è䡣
ڣװĵĺ۾ȩ̀ͷǸ޲гʸԾҧס촽õյúúúĶ⡣
ɫ޲Уһöָͬеǹһ㣬͸ҫۡ

滳˵۾ĵӰ
Ը⡢ҵ޽ᷨϵĹϵ𣿡
Цס֣ڲ԰ָ֣صӡһǡ
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154
ƻֻ˺óһʱ䡣
滳ĸ첲ҲҪһ²ܲʯ࣬ڵȻҪ֮󡣶ģǱءװ̡װη񡭡ÿһҪ߻
˫ҳ˵ƺุЩϴ𡪡֮󣬾һжǣǾ͸һ³һɲܡ
滳ҪɴཻģֻǷȥԥ˼ϣ̲סȫȨ֣һƻ
۲켸ûд󰭣Ǳ˼ңϵľвúܿ죬Ѿɻˡ
omegaŮڿﱧŲ߻鿴һֱչȥԼҰ˼ϣŶԷĳһ𷭿ֻǺܿһʧȥ£Լһȥˡ
ǣڸųŲϺܿȡкõˮȻ˰̣ɢɿҲϡ
滳ε̧̧ߣֻ˷ܵȥalphaŮȻûͣԸаѼʳȫաȻЩƷ˼
ϾòײΣԼˣ˷Ҳġ
ţomegaŮ̾˿ҲԼɵİȥˡ
½ͶչʾŻõôڽ飬ҪĵĻǿȥͼݡ
alphaŮĺϲǸСͼݣҪܺ͵ذװ޹ûáܶ岻ã޲ʮȫ棬⻹ǻ˺ôľĲϲ顢Ż˼ҡ
ƺܵ鷿ȥˣصĲ֪Щʲôģһ˵ġšҲ֪ǽܻǾܾ᰸
滳ҲŹ⻬ҳ׵ġ׺ɴ뻨ֳãֻһͷΡ
Ҫ
֪ģֻҪԱͿţǵĻһһϡĹ¼
ϾǳϯʱĴžµҵ壬ԼǷʲôץסĻᡭ
滳ЩӡҲá
ǴϾİɴȹŻĹšܻĸм̸ǵĻ
ԥomegaŮĿɫͷ׶µǳǳɫϣٳûŲ
ĦϣҲƯĻֻǸʻҲ¶ˮţҳӡŵɫ뻨Ļ߱εøȴԵñ԰ס
Ҫ
ֻǣЩͯһ¡ضʢĻ񣬴alphaŮϲġ滳ǵǸϣ۾ǻӣ˵ɫɴ˵ǱԼǣ֣˴ȥ
ʱ۾õòˡ
滳֪İ˵ʢġͬλðĻǼǳǳõ¡
滳룬ҡҡͷ˦ԼԺеĵִС
ûʲôġomegaŮ롣ֻһѣûʲôġ
³һԼעеǰĲ߻Уˡ
鷿ûһͳˣﱧŶܲؿҪ󣺡飬Ǳߵ㡣
ë޴ͷ߲ȥ滳ǣǣǣҲЩϰˡ
ԼҰɵķԼĻ߻ͷʵڲֻŶ಻סػζţߵƤһƬ
滳ֻԼҰ˵ĿڴƤ˳ѣָalphaŮԺһС
СβͼһomegaŮĵ룬ÿɰ
Сʵ̫ɰˣèһŮ̲ס͵͵²˲ôԾεظһջ֣滳ͿԼҰѾûڿˣֻɵЦ
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ҾúúŶ顣alphaŮ˵Цֻ֣ǣԼȥָڲˣ
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ջѡ˸Ϊʢһʽ͵һͬȷˡѡͬ滳̳ڶܵ顣
¶ʱæúܣ׼¿û취ͯǺܿϧΪȥ˻ǹаװǹ״èʳ
ǰҹ滳һϣȥ˯š
ͼοһֹȥĺ󱳣û˵ʲôͱԼҰһۡ
ʵ̫ˣֻֻըëè
alphaŮֺЦԼèĵӡ§ڻô˯ˣһֲۣˡ
װǱߵķף֮ǲһȥֳֻеȵϺ̺ʱŻ档
滳ôһСʱȥ׼ˡ
ѡĻɴ̫ءҲûҷҪ˰æĳȹڣֻǵȻҲô
ǣȹװomegaŮװڲɫ׵ĳȹУֻʦԼŪͷͻױžһ㷢
װ鲻̫ãʣ滳𣿡
ǽš
ʱ滳ȷʵҲٽˡ
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alphaŮѡĻɴǶȹıԵŸסϥǵĳȣӯֻáͷ׹꣬վԼʱСӵģ
ֻĿ滳ӵ˲䣬һޱȲֿʵЦ滳˻֡
ĺ̺Խ͵Ŀ滳ֻԼ
ͨ
һ´ֻȻеЩ𽥵شԺȥˡ
ǡĸ㣬̸Ļ
ֻֻѡ
˾̨˵Щʲôǵ滳סԴƵ֡
ˣС棿ʡ滳˵ͷ
Уǲʻĺ̺ϣ˴ǰ
ں̺ϣǣסֺġװʯ䣬ͷɴĳ̲סչʣ᲻ذ飿
һ㡣Щװ̫ˣ̵úܽ׹ͷЩϸСĴʹС
滳ֻҡҡͷս֡
ߵ̨УЩˡ˾˵Щʲô֤Ļ˵ŰúϡЯһȻ˷罻ˡ
λҪҪ˵Щʲô
ӹ˷硢һԵĻͲϣɤӣ滳ҲԾءյĺϡ
alphaŮڣҡ
˵ʲôأ滳̲סҲЩ档
Ǹʲ糣
˵Ҫ飿
ԣ滳סˡ
ʲ
Ȼסù̽˻ȵرˡ
ٶ̫ͻȻ滳ֻüܵ§סԼҰ˵ĲȴСĵ˻еͷɴļ
ΪľŶֱ滳ֻalphaŮȻ˷
̸ıͣһЦ⣬֣ء
˵ݰ
£һƬȻԼеİˣֻɿ̨
omegaŮһ
§ֻǰܡ
ȹĺ̺õĵƹ⡢װλ꣬бʵǶ˳õĴš
һƳ滳ֻüɧҵУװ̨̤ӹ˻Ͳ
£ȴֻǣ֣ܡ
滳ֻܹȹڣײײظԼİˡ
ͼˣࡢ
alphaŮͻعͷЦ飡
ǣǼţȹڱ紵Ҳôİɴɢҿ滳ͷɴ
ɴƺԽװεޱȾͬͯĻ买šҲ̤صĻ꣬ⳡѭ浸صһж˦
ĿĵһƯġոµĳܳ滳۵ҪԭشһӱԼҰ˱˳
ʻλֱ
ҡңomegaŮţҪȥġ
𣺡ܣ
ӷɿʻտ·Ź·ͷƵķʻȥ֣Х滳ãȻˣǡ
Ҫȥڻеʱ

Ϊ
ȥ滳Щ֪ˣ˵ǡա
Ҵء
alphaŮӦֻ۾¶ıѾõġޱȲõЦ
ʲôġ
˵۾÷·̫һ㡣
û˻֣ûһ޼ʵƽ̹·ķУɴȹİɴƮͬİ档
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155
ȫ׻ɴسڻǱޱעĿ
жϢҵģƫƫҪڹڣһ߰ͷ͵Сװһߺͺ濴СŮ졣
㣬㣡
Ŀ⽻㣬Сѧ͵ŮʮΡԼҼҳĿ¼СƵķʡ
㣬Ҫ𣿡
ǰalphaŮգգ۾ɿسһǲǽ飬ӻءСѣ֪𣿡
˵ֻ⻰һ԰ԵĿˣһȦ˿һʱ̲סﰵͶעĿȴŽǸ۹¡
omegaŮض˶٣뿪ڣԼҰѾؽ˵ȥ
ҺҰ˸ʱһˣһֱڣﲻͬһǿǷ֡ҪͲϲ˽顭
ô˵ţܻ𳵵رĹ滳ٲȻΪ˷⽨ܾͥѹȵĿȴ͵ŮΪԼƴȫȴǿаؼҡԲȵعŻ
˷롢ʹİˡҵĻᣬͬɴһȴжȹҵӻֳԼİˡ
ǳƲİϳӣȻԶ߸߷ɡ
Ҫȥȥ˭ҲҲǵĵطú
alphaŮΪԼβ˵ģЦ۾Լİˡ
ǰɣ飿
ɡ
滳ǲҪӦģǹʹءε̾˿˵ͷΪӦ
š˵¶һϹģССġЦû˻ٿˣκ¡

ʵǸСѧЩ붮Ϊȡ˺ǵġ
СŮǣȥ׼Ʊǻ̲ס˵һ䣺治סÿྡˡ
͵ͷǣסԼҰ˵֣¶Цѽ
һֳ˿׼ǻߺܿ¿տ
Щ滳ĳȹ𲻵ʲôůãalphaŮԼҰ˵֣ȥ˰˼ס
omegaŮ۾ѯʣʲôʱķɻ
ӵķαһС룬ĳΪʱĹ̶΢΢žɢڱɴϣڰ׵Ļɴɫӳ£˿͸Եøͬһ㡣
ֻǣջ󡢻ʲôƵĸоеģǱʪ֮󡢳ëҲҳһŵèӡ
滳Ǹ飬ãȻְ͸ˡ
һûסЦ
״滳ֻܲؽ
alphaŮڴ𣬡飬϶ٵģҼء
˵顣
è䲻Ŀ⣬˵ţֻǴֽȡףᶶԼҰ˵ļϣȻġ
ڿǱҰءһжֻҪ𱻰ܾ͹
ЩɫƷмп˵Ŀʽȫƫá˿̸滳ϣֱҪסˣޱɣټϴİɫȹڣṹųĻݥ
ΪԼ룬һ㶣ûסһӡۡЦ˳
ӭ滳Ŀ⣬ָɿض˶ֻѳݥͼƬԼҰ˿ʾ⣺㿴飬Ŷ
滳شĿȥĢͼƬ˺һӦ͵̧ͷ

һӺ͸ԼɵİˣüֱҪҧˡ
˵ʲô
ʵںÿɰÿɰ
ֻǣȻԼҰȫըëˡٶȥҪԼµģalphaŮӴһæϴġ
Ҵ飬ȥ滳ߣů͵ķмпԼҰļڸè˳ëġֻ˵ɫ˵㲻ƯĢɰѽССģĻҲȹӡ
ǣ滳һҲûбá
omegaŮֻ§סȥֱ˵ǻҲûٺ˵һ仰
ںλãһԼȻĹĵİſ˫֡
顣ЦһҰͷǻһûꡪ
滳վԼȹڣû˵
alphaŮգգ۾ɴװе顣
Ͼʮһ·ˣɴֲůĻǶȹһ·һ·磬Ż֡
ɹȻomegaŮЩҡˡŴ˵شߣϵݸԼɵİˣ׼Լȥһ
֡
ȴûнӹףֻס֣ǣһڡ
һ顣alphaŮ˵ü䣬Ŵұһòã
ôŽǳɹԼİˡڵ㹻Сɳһ㹻滳ˡһؽԷϻ׹ŵķƤ
ۣ顣˵̵ؽ⿪ԷһƷ˿ôôѽòҪûߣҪþۡ
滳ͷ˸رӵķͣΪ˹̶Ĩ෢װε귢Ҳ̫ˡҪޱСضܹܵٳԼҰ˵ͷȴǲɱش˼ơ
alphaŮժСЩ۵֣ԼҰͷƤ
飬ȥϴ裬ȻҰ࣬òãҲ΢ѧģӦû㡣֮Ǿ˯ˣǾ͵
ô˵һȻ滳ٳûзӦǺЩ쳤˲ȥԼҰˡֻ滳ȻŴߵʹضһϣ
ʲôѽ롣
ô飬ǷеķתȥǣסԼҰ˵ֻ˻Σʣ㻹Ϊʲôѽ
omegaŮ̧Ȼûʲô飬ĺ۾ȴдί
ڵĻɴҴûġ
滳ô˵һ䣬߾ִȥˣ촽Ϊί򣬽ԼָҲٶһɴصȹڡ
˵Ģôѿ𣿡
ԣסˡ
Ӧ֮ԼҰʪܵġдίֻ·ϾҪһĺ۾ֻһӾúЦ
滳ĺ۾һҲʪģֻҪһšܹγķ
alphaŮ̲סȥԼίİͷȻЦ
Ȼûߵľ˵ţûвÿ滳ƯģƯոں̺ϵһۿʱҶסˡҲô˵㣬ҲǹҪĵģԲ㲻Ҫѹòã
İ˾͸ίƫߣȥŷomegaŮŴѾеۿ
Ӵû취롣ǸСܣô˲ȴΪԼ۾
ЦȥԼҰĨȥᣬȻһ촽
Ųʲôء롣ֻСѩ
Ϊ滳ǻױģΪһ·ı΢΢ĨûˣȻ촽ȴԱȾ͵øʪ󣬷žӨǳۺ졣΢ɢھߣ׺͸ͬм͸ɫ
˫۾Ϊίʪܡˮĺ۾ޱȵ͸·ڻһ
滳۾ʪίӦš
ѽСѩ
˵̵ءԼҰ˴ӡһ೤ǣڳǵļ϶š
Ҫ滳ĺ


156
ô˴һ滳ȥ˸衣
ԡǰòײŽǶͷĳϴɾϴĭڲøɾϵˮ֮⡣
ûлϴ·
һͻȻ˽ֻʹ˵Ļǩ֤пֻͼԿף֮ʲôҲûСһտա
omegaŮɢʪܵĳվھǰ˺һŲϺþãšüͷɴȹڲĳȹ´ˡ
ƽĶۣȹʵϲϱǳ׵˿ȹƮƮҲܺǼֱӴȥҲͻأʽ
һʱ䣬滳̫ɾ⣬ûʲôȱ㡣
ûʲôġ֮ǰҲûд̫áûϵ
Լ飬΢ЩomegaŮŴŻʪˮϴԡҵķš
İѾڵĵƹ⣬ţڰյȷ磬ͷҲ谵˷ɵůơ
ſɳŷɻϵıǩʼǱддʲôæøͶ롣
ƿһ̧ͷ滳Ц
飡alphaŮЦޱȲã
滳߹ȥֻԼддֽǳԺչʾ
滭һֻСèëЩģմˮһװΣһƬĽͷɴ
ΪסգŶ䣬Ҳ˲ĵĵv״
顣ڳЦ
˵ء
ԼҲǣ˰ͷƤԭӲ̡ʱסСëһʱ̵øˣû˵ʱ̺һͬӯľģֻ߰㡢ֶЦޱȿʵС
滳룬ȡֽŵһԡͼԼɵİ˴ɳק
˵еѣɳôҲŲԼ滳òϴ裬ֱҪһ
ܲƵקһûקһ򴽣ƢҲˣֻҪԼҰ˴ɳɡվ˽ţ³һסalphaŮ֣Ԥ棺Ҫˡ
УӦۣۡ
һʱûıomegaŮ͵קˡ
ȻݵУ滳ȴıҪЩalphaŮۡһûɲסײײ˽ԼҰ˻
ۣ顣Щδ̧ԼҰˣգգ۾Ҫ
ԣ滳һӺ˶⡣
ʲʲô
ӵֱۻֻųȹһ㵥Ĳϡ
ȵ¶Ҳ֮ӡļϣҪСǰ¡
omegaŮܵ´ֻյøˡŲߡëӶ˲βҪɿֱۣжӵ
ӭЩĿ⣬滳˵ȥϴ裬
֪顣alphaŮڴ𣬡ұҲҪȥ
ôһȻɿ˻ԼҰֱۣȴȻȥ滳š
飬ôС˵ӣζԡ¶ŶȹҲƯ
һĳȹԼûлϴ·滳͵
omegaŮܲ˵ذŲ˵ȥϴ
Ӧ֪
϶֪ԼڵıͱǩֻèһģһalphaŮôĵ룬ֻԼҰ˵ĵԷҺýǶȡءһڣŵóѵԼܵˡ
ԡű£˲䣬ԼҰèشһַ
ϴ죬»ɴͳȹ֮ˮڵͷϺ̵Ķ͆ଣҲûе̫á
ԼͷʺӲûʲôҪ˼ɵĵط
ɿظԼͷĭţҪǴͷĻ϶ôϾomegaŮĳôָ֮ͬ˿һ㣬˸
ĭͷĭԼȻ⡣
飡СضŷϵĭȥԼҰˣ飬㿴ҡ
omegaŮѾ˴ϣЩͷ̧ʪļ˲䣬ֻһӡৡغ쵽˶䡣

ɿرֱҪ̧۾ˡ
㡢·ϡ
ʲôѽalphaŮΪ⣬ع˹ֻȫԼͬҿԼҰ˼ģûʲô˵飬㿴ͷϵĭҿҡ
ĺɡ
滳ǲģ֮ǰŶȹôãϴ衢ֿŲˮ˵Ҫ̧ۣ˹ȥ
ȻԼҰˣͷú޹޹۾ô
滳ͷѩĭalphaŮ㶣ۡһЦ˳
ʲô
omegaŮ̲סЦֻ̧ͣԼıǼ⣬ЦԹЦġ
ĦҮѽ
޵ġ۵Сʱһ޹ؿͷ͸ˡ
ֹסЦ⣬Ҳٺ١ЦΪ񣬲Ҫ㿴ҲĺŶ֮ǰҿ޻ӡ
ۿԽ˵Խ࣬²Ҫǻϴ;СװʺϻѾҪųˣ滳ֻû취ظ˻ȥȥϴ衣
֪֪
ҰӦ÷ɿ죬űžغ£ˣֻûһͻȻ򿪣һͷĿ⾼
飬ոõԡ¶ƿѽʲôҿͬһƿ
滳һ´ϴ裡
alphaŮͷȥûһܿ־Żˮˣžžસϵ滳ΪԼҰʲô¡ϴһͳˡ
̾˿̧ͷԼɵİʲô£ȴȻһʪȶ
滳һ
ɵĴ棬ˤȥʱ顱һ졣Ȯһſϣھ߲䰡䡣
ҲŻɴĳȹƮƮģұ滳Ҫ̣omegaŮ۾֪ţŪüֱҪˡ
滳ŶĴԵ¹ȻƲҲֻε֡˸ԼҰɵͷ
ůڵˮζҲȻʶȻӣζġ

ԼҰ˶ʣ滳СС˵Ǿ̽׵ë
ȵǽ֮󣬡˵촽ķβиϲ㡣
ԣalphaŮͷ۾Լ˸ſһͷϣ顣ʲôѽ
²İ˻֪˴еĿĵأ֪ɻȴ˵Ļ
ʲôϲأ
滳ҲҵԼͷԼѬζġոµëУ˱ߵһԵıǡ
ֻסԼҰ˵֣ԼǸӣζĻalphaŮͷ˲䡣
Ȼ滳˵ܡ


157
ɻƽȵлĴУ滳ԼҰ˻˸ĺΡ
һ˯˺þãмԺһ۾ֻߵݣҲ۾˯ţĴǵĻȣ
滳˯òѣֻܵشչȥԼҰ˴һڣζҰҰɼ£ֱ۾˯ˡ
ǣѾǿҪʱˡȻҲˣȴڱطѹգգ۾Ц
顣ЦҪ𣿻һͷ
omegaŮ÷£ֻǴչȥָ׽סһͷ
һᡣ滳ô˵ָèһᲦŪԼҰ˷βС죬
ȵ˵ͷ֮󣬾Ҫᴩʲôˡ
ûﴩģ˵¶ȴʮң滳šüͷڹڵĳȹ͹עĿĻɴ֮˺һջѡԼĻɴȹ
ҵȹڰɴã̧ͷ㿴ԼҰѾͬ˻ɴ֣飿
˷ɻͨ󣬺ܿ˫Ĺ㲥Ӣһԡ
滳šüͷһȻֱ
ѽ
ЦѾͨվ˻Сͨ͸ĲĻǽƬɵƴͬ׵޻
ǵĻɴȹڵİɴɣҲһ
ôվİȵĻ֮䣬alphaŮЦޱ
ӭ˹
ڻһҵ깺˺ʵﻻ֮ǲڰΪȫ׹¡صĻɴ˲ͶעĿˡ
ǲģڵӢҲ൱̸һ󣬵֪˵Ŀĵغõ˵ѣԴһñȥ̫ɡǱߺϵ̫Ǻɹġ
͵ͷӦ£ԼھǰųİˣܿԱʰһñ߹ȥ˶Էͷϡ
飬ЦҪҪ
ΪͻȻĶomegaŮЩ΢΢̧ۣ۾΢ôˣ
ΪǶȼ٣Щ·ԭĸ߸ЬҲˣɫĸ㣬г¿ɵ毺ϸ߾Ǽмп
жʴ滳ƺҲƽջҪɲ١ΪڰŪҲûжֻ΢΢Ƕ̫ñλõãȻȥޱɢĳ
飬ⶥôalphaŮЦӣԼҲֿһñոյ̸ҵǴñӣõʱ̫ɹⶥһ㣿ϲĸѽ
۹ǺܲģֻǿûһҪƮһι״ſֻСĵ̫ñϣҪ滳һԵ˼omegaŮæصͷקԼҰ뿪˵š
Ȼһɣȴιġ
滳ûüվƣ㱻Ŵ˰ʿȻȥҡҡλεխСʱЩãȻ

ļ˿޵λãӹĳСôʡ
ǡʲôʱʼƻģ
Ұ
alphaŮӦЦü䣬ֻԼһСջҲݸ۾ӳ˹ϵˮ
ţš㿴ЩֲῪʼ
˵ţ֮һƬҡʻӵ֮У㲻ǲϲЩȻڿÿı鶼Ŷһֱôüġоҿ˴͵ʱ࡭ôɣ
ӭˮʪķ磬ֲ㣬żڴѬζ
alphaŮ˵ţգգ۾¶Сҡβ͡Ҫ󱻿޵۾Ҫ
š
滳ӦȻеɵǽԭԼһյݸԼɵİˣ͵͸
ĺܰô˵βҲ˲ԵĺˮУҺϲ
õ̹ϵĻӦalphaŮӹЦøˣ̲סĺ˸
ҥУϸӯĹˮҡΪӵˮĲζڵĴ
ڴʹ֮£ɵһСţغһͷϵԲ÷ʻȥ
˵ʮһµ꣬ȴպøһѵõ졣⴩ӵԵĽԵıɫĺϣ𹱶ĵӰ
ȥˮ棬̧ȥԼİˡ
ֻԼҰ˱ųգˮϽֵĵӰ۾صӳźˮɫ
Ϊķ磬omegaŮ̧֣ᰴס̫ñһǣĿһ̨ܴڷŵġʻϣЩ԰׵ϸĺΣﷺЩϲ
ֻΪЩöʻ˴Ļ
װɫ԰߲ǽӳ£˵ƷֵĻ䷴Եø죬š
״Ҳ̲סҪЦ
봬ԽǱߣӢԼٳɵġŵ򴬷ѯ
Ұ˺ϲôȱȻʾţΪ˲滳ֶСѹû磬Ƚ϶࣬һЩʻ
ڴİ£ǽԭĵ½صĳһӣ˵һһ꣬һĻޱȲáʢŵĻǽȻЩңֵһԡ
ע⵽̸滳Щ̧ߡѯʣôˣ
ЦӦûʲôóԵġȵ´ǲҲȥԷ飬ʲôߵīܾģǾ˵ͺݶڡ
̸ţԲ֮УƵˮǰнͬһβɫ㣬ʱϢŨˮϳд
ڶɿ˴alphaŮԼİˣӵȥմЩԼ붮УͼҵʢŵĲûǽ
ֻȥľ¥֮䣬ҲЩʧ˷ҲûѰ꣬ͣһֵ֪ĵǰ
ʲôꣿalphaŮҿŹӡľţͼľԼʶַп𣿡
Ʒꡣ滳𣬡šҪ𣿡
ƿš
Ǹͷ׵̣ԵĲƷУ̧̺ͷкһ
㶣ԼٳɵӦԼҰѾ˿ڣ̸
alphaŮ۾滳лҪõö࣬ȻϻЩɬȴ硣
˵ʱƽղ񣬶ǸַŵúܵͣǸղŵ˹˺Եˮһ㣬
һŵеֹƷڲʯǹСڼƷɫ滳һͣ
λ˵ĲƷŮģƼЩ
￴ɫĲǹŸԼڹڵѡ񣬶滳ȥ˹̨һ̸̣
ڵָ£alphaŮСһΣεɫôʣ飬˵ʲôۣ
ûʲô滳ʹ𣬡ֻ˵Ʒ˵ǿȥݿ
มalphaŮӦͽעͶ뵽ָɫȥˡ
һ滳ڵĳܴô룬һƷСľУڴ
ȥ
̸֪
ḻϳ֮¹ϵѡƷ۵ĶŮֱô滳
Ҫͻ𣿡
滳ЩãȻ˵
ó룬ӡԼľϻѰƬ̣Ѱһöʯ滳ģǸǵףҵİ͸ҵġ
ġ
ͷ׵ôЦе
һ˫ҵ֡ӣġ


158
Ϊȥ̿еĲݣԭг̣˹һ죬ųࡢǴĲƷȥʥɴá
ľƵɽ䣬дǳޱӾأӡӾȥֻպõɽ´ɫС
˸裬滳ſ׷شԵϣ۾Ӿˮҡɫ
ǻʱѾ𽥺ȥˣʱĻиҹɫʣεзһƬ
еƶҲȾͬɫˮ浹ӰҡΣȻҡ
滳ֱһЩʪȻձߡ˸顢̧ߣֻԼҰվƱ
飬λαӣЦҪҪȥ棿
ؾƵһ·Ӿµģ¹ȴźˮߺ
ܻе컹Ŷպû꣬˵Ļͻˡ
alphaŮ˵һֻƱݸ
һ𣬴飿ǹƣûʲôġ
ڱĵɫ˴ײţĶ
ûʲôġֻǰľ϶һͻκġ
滳룬ôŸ߽űϵˮƬ̣ǵ˵ͷ
Ҳһƻ滳ô롣
ȵ΢еΡߵĻ˵á
ˣȥƱʱСԼҰȵָ⣬滳һӺ˶䡣
Ǹƻ
ǸҰˣ˫ֵġ
һļƻ滳ֻյˡ
alphaŮЩͷԵĿӶԷƱͷһ
̫ˡǺ̲סͻŻææԱ߶˳ź󱳡
ѽ飬alphaŮ˳ĺ󱳣ô˵ţȵ̫
һβǣҲһӾΪȵ̫ƾ÷ӵø顣
滳һĨ³һ
һ
գգ۾
ȵӾ¡ӾرʱֵݸһƵļβƣһǳϼɫͬӵĴϰɫʡ
飬顣
alphaŮ̷һߵİϣЩضߡ
㲻Ҫȵ̫ŶӾ˵ĻҵȻ϶ᱧģһǺˮ϶ܡ
滳͵ͷСڵеľƣƱƵһŲ̛ϣ̧Ӧá
ΪƾalphaŮ֡ԼҰ˱øԹɵ΢Ҳģ˵ʱ
̲סءҪȥ
滳ѾӾȦ׼ˮˡӾװǳɫ°ڱˮʪ΢΢𣬶ûˮС
ߵĳˮ̫ǿվûȣǱһӾȦ滳ƿǱСѼӾȦԼƮˮС
㲻𣿡
alphaŮһ㶣Ȼʧٵײһ¡

ǸࡢβҪڻҹɫһˮУ
Ϊƾ滳ҲЩƵζ
ĺ۾ţôӾرߣˮĳˮϷոЩΣ촽ҲǼβȾϵľӨɫ
ü򵥵ǳɫӾϣˮµļ԰׼͸ֻйؽΪƷЩůĺ졣һ˫޳ڶšˮβ㡣
վû֪ԼѾס˺
ˮ
ˮ壬һ˫ޱĺ۾ˮ
ûomegaŮЩͷ
һ£űԼﻶӭ˹æҡְ಻סƴ࣬ɴץһԵľƱͷɵˡ
ã
ھƾĹľ£alphaŮ³һˮУԼҰվ

*
ĻȥҲ𽥱ֱٲʺˮҹɫӵˮ˺þãָƷ˸ƵŹȥ쳹֮ǰϰ
չ滳ϴģֻomega Ůԡȴվһߣȡ
ȥ
alphaŮЩ󣬿ԼҰȷŵ飬뵽Է˵ʲôʱҪӦðɡůյ򿪣Լԡңһ䡣
Ŷ飬ҿһ㡪Ҫ
˵Ҫ죬Ҳĺܿ죬֮ڵˮŶֻԼҰȻվСԣԡԼһװ׵ĴӣüССںȱľơ
һƵģûеľƱڵ£۾ҲԲˡ
ô顣еЦ߹ȥż˵ԡԣȥϴˡСƹҲľƵģٺȡ
û
滳ſͼʲôѾˡԡڻϴԡˮʣʪůһӰ
omegaŮվھǰ³һ⿪ϵԡ
˵Ҫϴ裬ϴȥӾ⡭
иҪҪ׼
ϴˮԡ¶ζʼеһжҪϸƺϲµζҪ̫Ũϴֲ֮󣬳ȴҪ̫ɡ
ʱǵһʱͷǰɵġҲͬһ䡣
װȻû׼ú
һжʰ֮滳վھǰȷÿһϸڶޱ֮סմˮŰ֣ھƾĹЮúغء
Ȼƿš
飡Ѿſ˴ϣ̧ͷǸ
䱡ʧȥԵ㶵ֻߺɫһ϶
İվɵĳɢڼͷǳײϴ£ϥҡţϸαεޱȷ
΢ࡢͬ¹һı磬omegaŮĺ۾Ҳ˰Ũڽë΢
滳ҧҧ

ôؿ˿ڣΪŶЩҶϵ¶ˮ
omegaŮ˵
Ҫ𣿡

Ծס˺ֻᵽ䱡ɵյŨ͸İѾ
滳վͣڴߣס֡
ָ΢䣬ͬѩָ仯һЩʪˮΡ
š滳˵۾ǡ
alphaŮڵ͸ٳû˵һ
ҡҡ
ԼҰ˵֣ŨϢζȻѿڶ
챨棡
omegaŮסˣ
ǸǸǸŻŵͼͣǡǸ飬壬岻ǻû֮ǰһֱ̫áǣǲ㡭ûб֮ҿ
գǵõһݱ档
Լ滳תȥıӰ
ֽʰ˹ڣӰ滳лҽ΢alphaŮһһ涼ȷԼҰ˵ȷʵѾûڴˡ
˵Ȼ޷ָһйܣȳҲԿ̫ܲȶٲôˣ滳Ҳٲôʹࡣ
Լǿɱǣ׵ء
ȷһ֮alphaŮֻȥԼȥİˡ
飬顢顪
һͷȥȥűԼҰˡ滳־˴ֻǱϿ
ȹʵֻ̫ܾomegaŮܱסˣ°䰡䣬Сһ
ʵеɣиոյҲȫɡ
ҿ飬áalphaŮɵЦҪȥ飬ۣԲֻҪ㽡
滳ȻһĹĵĲôŴһ
ߡ
ѽæ飬ǹҪ㡢ʲôģҲԾԲǲϲ㲻ҪòãԺԺҿ϶
Ժ
ѿڶԼҲٳٵ뵽
滳ĵȹıԺ
뵽Ǹء֪˶䡣
񡭡
÷ɿçײһֻϳӣҵС¹ڴڱǵҹĻ֮ţĴײ
С¹˵Ķúú졭
Ҫ
滳΢΢̧ë˲۾
˵𣿡
Ȼ
Цָϸļ
ΪĶŻġ
˵ӵסԼİˣĽ״֮С
һı磬ͬ決ͰϢƣ·¹ͣС¹Ľϣӳ¹ϵӣޱΡ
졢졣
滳һɣ
ԼҰ˴ϵǰһ룬alphaŮѯʡ
֤㿴òã
omegaŮָ󣬽һƬյüᶨ繡
á
滳Ȼ۾
͸ġȵĲڽë΢漴䣬ڽһƬ¹
Ұ㡣
İţսֻ֣ԼӵĻ
Ұ㡢Ұ㡭
㸩ȥһŨġζ
˵Ҳֻ˵
Ұ㣬滳Ұ㡪
졣


159
һĸ滳ƿǰıʼǱԡ˿½ǵʱ䣬վ׼ȥϢһһ·
װʱѾװش䣬¶԰ϴһöȺɫĹ׹
ڻ㱨ճװʣϰ壬Ҫȥ
š滳Ӧš
ȥİװֲ֣Ҳǣһæ滳Ҫǻʲô£ҾƵ˵ˣ
滳͵ͷӦ
ʱϵҶԡӦһڵġ
ʱĴŲࡣȻʱ뿪ʼָ·ʱalphaŮصӰȻ˳İ칫ǰ
滳ĻװԼʲôҲûƳԼҰ˺Щ͵͵شӱһСӡȻǰ
alphaŮЦ󿴲ëβ˦һۣ飡ûбŵ
ʵ̫˸߲ˣ۾ԲԲģҲд˽˷ܣ滳Ѳһֵֻ䶼Сë
ԼɵİˣomegaŮ΢΢ѹѹüë۾Цֻţŵˡ
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滳ʰСסݼġԴſζŨɿζԼҰЦ۾ĵ׵ڴرšһɫ̵
롪졢ȥأ
ȵԹС⣬ͻˡǣ֡һȥĳطȻ죬ǴӷصĹһ
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ԴӻһκalphaŮͰַʽĳһ졢ƺæʱڹʱͻȻǰȻܵ
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飬ʱô˵۾䣬Ҫһඡ
Ǻȥһ滳Ҳ˵ֵСֻǵõкܶࡢܶȻǶȴůһƯˮڶν˽ָһġ
Щϲ滳˵ȫ޷Ԥϵġֱĳ벻ʱ̡üǰŻֽ֪һðա
ֻءһʱȥҲЩɣڵȫƲԼҰʲôʱͻȻˣë޵С̽ͷ
磬ǰϣܻԼܵ鷿ϰСʱȥмƻΪ˲Լ䣬ǰСƷ
Уڳ죬ر¸߰Ҷø졣ͨҪ϶ʮӣalphaŮӾͻǰʳòࡪȻˮ
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ҹЩ£omegaŮڡغ˶䡣ҧҧ´û
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Ͼ۵˰ҹɤӻЩƣ滳һۣҲԺ˯˹ȥʱͿԼҰЦ۾
顣ôݳһ߰ɣ
һݵȻɫǳƶ뺯ֻ̫Сͨƶ˶ͯС
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һĹҲ졣˲ͼ⣬ԼĻ汾˺·ҲһʱҲʼﱸԼĻչ
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ѽalphaŮЦס֣飬ֻΪһ˿ŵġ
ǣԼҰ˵ĽŲ滳һǰֻĻչչС
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ĵһ汾ҲĴ
չذϵǹǰţһŻСĲ廭ڡ񡷵Сչڲз趨ļ׸塣
ֽϣɫС񷭷ţĵŮĿģ̥ǣһ˫͸۾ֽ
滳һ㿴ţԼҰȵ֣ĵغ˶䡣
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ںڰУ滭ͿɢͬһĹչĻ谵аš
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ุУ滳СΪ⣬Ľǵõһ㣬ѾϰˣȴÿÿҪ˵ҫһ
о滳ֻ̾סalphaŮ֡
ˡ˵ˣ
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ؼҲûֵԼҰһֿʼ̸⣬קomegaŮܵСɽϡ
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һж滳ġ
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滳Ϊ΢΢۾Լİˡסֻ֣Լε׽С
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162
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164
С๷͵׷㵽ҧʱڽֱˮײֻİèġ
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165
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ӵעĿУȺеǸӰomegaŮǰվһ˲ס֡
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֣ܹ˽ɧȺٳ˵Ľѧ¥㳡
ʲʲô
滳Уףקһֱܡ۾˸Ų;档Щĺ۾ģԵޱʻ
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硣˵Ҫ棬ҲĴˡ
Ϊ֣Ầߣصٵʱ䡪ǵʱѾһҪʱˡ
ǣ²ϣµЬݸ
µŶû˴ġЦʵԱġǲ֪ΪʲôһֱûǵһŶϲʣ
װһߵĽСС졣
İġİ˵Ļ滳Щڣܲͬ·󣬰Լ
ٺ١ЦǰŲŲɴסûСѩ㱣㡣
ԣ滳ССǣǣǣǸƺķԡ
ͺܴءźءӴһ
ô֣ѽ滳ҾǽСöأ
֮Դ֪滳ҪСһ֮ҲûйԹɵؽйѧˣһֱҪԼ㡱ƽҲһֱԽԾӡ
ŲǡomegaŮС˵ָǣǣУСѣ
ʲôѽ飬ôСҲ᳤ߵġģֹ˼磬Ҿǽ
滳򴽣㣬һǿҡҲίҪ󣺡顪
ֻת͵͵ΪԷɹΪЦһ£ĺ۾ﷺЩġŮ鶯ʡ
ⳡڳƺССִһֱ˶߿յʱŽȥ֣ɣȥ棿
ϵϱֿ˼ʾ֮滳ǲᡣЩ޴վϣ̧֡סһҵ㣬е㺦µػعͷ
ҡȥ֮󡭡ʣô
ֱ𣬳ЦȷŶãû飬ˤաұ㣡
滳һᣬģӣҲһ鰼ݵҵ㡣
Եģָرã飬һ͵
Ȼֱϵ㹻ֻʵóȴôѣȻҲ滳˵İϣ°ťһŰԼסˡ

ͻȻʧظʶ۾ǱܵػǸ֣е㷢
ҡҲ֪ô
ֱ־Ϳûµģ飬һұڣҽ㡪
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ļޱФƵomegaŮ۾ԺһƬհס
Ԥϵеײûз
ֻǵһġȵĻ
ӵʹ׹ĳ˶ϣ汧۵滳ϡ
Ƭ̺omegaŮ㶵ۣеûӦ۾ãȻֻèһ§ļ򣬶ޱȲõЦ
Ů۾з·͸һ㡢ʶгɾ͸е̲סЦ
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滳Ա˵ĺⶼġԹԵصͷôҲϽн㣬ֻըë滳ˡ
顢飬§滳ͽһ
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滳÷ɿ죬Ϊ΢΢ġСһգ۾¶Ц
˵ֲǽ㡣
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滳ܾȥ롣ĻΪ΢΢ʹһ˲ʹܿڴڶԷߵů֮С
Ѽ˳ȥﳵǶ֪С··һֱͨﵽԱߵϡųںϡ
Ҵ顣۾ŮЦòȵˣһȥ䣬εǱмرꡪ
滳ںϣ§ǰò첻СΪ
гƵءǵĿĵؽСӵϾǽͶµӰУҲˬģô˵ա
滳۾
һ·ߣһ·Ѿǣ˳塣
ǻ˵أСŪݰظ
·صؼٶȣﵽԱһֱЦ
ԭأ
һպ˵ʲôأǡǸʲôˣ͡
ɽгӿٶȡԽǣ˳ֻһЦ
ѧ㣬ȴˣСһȥˮ裡
£Ӱת䣬ʧ˵·֮С
ϵķȻӯ滳̧ۣõǰŮѾ͸˶⣬о˶ͻŻææͣ
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滳̧ͷŮ͸ĶΣӦš
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ˣҲֿʼŻŵؽ滳û̫ϸȥֻս§ڶԷֱۣ῿ȥ
ǼӣԼ
ͨͨͨȶʻ·ԼҲ

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ҡ𣿡
һѳѶˣһᡢò׷ˣæز֪ν͡
ҡңҡ飬ҡǸԲ𡭡
ΪʲôҪԲ
滳ֻģҡҡͷ
ǿԡߣôԣֻҪ롣
ԼŮĺ󱳵УƵأѾغ˼Σܹءô˵ȥ
ֻǡ㲻ҪôáҲôáЩ¡ҵĴ
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ҵĴɡ滳˵Ϊҡ̫Щ⡣Ϊ̫ųˣ벻ʵʵ¡ԲŻᾭЩġ
ûŹ˼СûΪԷֳĺΪԼǱˣͲЩеʹࡣ
ˣΪʲôҪôã
omegaŮֻ˵ָءֻ߬½ǣüҪҪԼġץסĶԡҶԡ
ôҲûϵ
ǲҪߡߡҪ뿪ҡ
ǣΨĿ滳Ҳ˵ڡ
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170
ҪȥĽɫСǨбһ籩
˳׹һƬɭ֮䡪Ȼһ͸ĵ
Ůģְˣ߸߰ͷССĽʾ⣬ȴĻ߿սãٳûϤ
ֱǳ٣ССĽȥ޿ȥڱ֮УҪ˺ʱŮḩԼĻ֮С
ǣһΪѡ
ССĽļϣߴߴس裬̫ʱ̣ԡų⣬մ¶ˮĻ䣬׺ڵŮ͸ĳ䡣ҹԼġѩһ͸ѵ£ĵߡ
ȻһƬҶ֦ͷʱŮȻֿʼСԶ
ССĽѹΪԼʲôǷѾɭҵƬҶ۵ĺӣټԼһƬëװȥԼѡ
񣬵񡣡ʣΪʲôԶң
ΪҪˡˡ
Ů˵ƵҶȻƵɫӳ͸У·һƬġƵĵ
Ҫ뿪ҡô䡣ҪȥѰװİˣһȥϷ
ҡҲҪ뿪ССĽ˵úܴ𽥳Ľɫ򣬡ҲߵģҪҪһ𡪡
ȻŶԽԽɭеıҲ˵ԽԽƵκͿ綼ġι̵Ҳ𽥱ô
һ죬ͣϢһ̣ʪĽڵŮ͸ָ֮䣬һѺۡ
Ůæͼ𣬿ʱȥЩѺѾҲ޷Ρıͣµһ̣Ҳͼڸǡ
Сˡ˺۵ĵŮ˵Ѿûٱˡ
񽹼ÿҪˣҲҪ
ǣʹһ߰ɡ
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һȥϷòã
ֻһ仰
Хķ紵ȴо䡪ΪĵŮǰһ͸Ƭ

͸ӨƬУֻһССġʯͷࡣ
СþáþáþãֻҲҲڵŮģ
صƬ֮䣬ǿʯͷ࣬һֱһֱһֱؿޡ̫ѹˣʪëëʪ˵Ůġ࣬Ҳʪ͸Ƭ¹¾Өͬһ㡣
ڽˮһ鲣һ̣漣ˡ
ǿŻɫʯͷȻ˶
Ȼ󣬻Ұġ׾ġʯͷѿһֻСС
СӵεɫͬҹĻëһŮʱǸҹһģһ
ˮڵŮġĿǣЩãȻضԽ˵
СΪʲôڿޣ
ǣһȥϷ
ůϷֻСȻɹ졣ڴĵһ΢紵ëʱǾһȥеĴصģ
ڴķУֻСαޱȡޱȵСǲԶȥӰʧĲõ
ĽɫͻʵͿĨɣһʣԼµĻ棬¶Ц
ŵķһ˯İ˳ˡ
ĩ˯ģڿҿҵСԼͻ¼ŵֵȥ˯ˣһֱڡ
飿alphaŮ̧ԼҰЦôۣû˯𣿡
滳żĿTﻹŸë޵СżãȻҪô޷߹
ǡomegaŮô˵˸Ρ
ʲôѽ
μšμڼ򣿡滳˵ţԼƺҲеǸεݣС񳤴˺ö࡭ԭССģһֱڼҡ
˵ţ룬ɴԼžડϣˡ
ʲôѽȣᳵ·ȥԼҪҪһ
š
omegaŮſñܵز˲Լϵ֣￴һԵġĻƽ塣
ʣͯ𣿻ˡ
ѽalphaŮӦЦһȻǳȥƽأҪҪȥŻ
滳Щٻص˵ͷèһϲ¡ǴӦˣ룬ǸҿɲԿ
Ŷ顣
alphaŮգգ۾ԼİˣĵġڴõЦ
֮ʱȱ
Ҽǵôۡ

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