ڻ
ߣ
İ
ϱӣ޴龭ӤӤһеĲСڻңԭһ㣬Ӧ÷Ů˶ħҹĥ
ⱲӣӤӤƻ죬Ҳ·
һŮȥ
ڶŮǶħҪܵԶԶģٱŮץס
Ҫʱ価ܺŮùϵŮԼֻҪ΢ľͲ˼Ű

ĵڶ죬һΪŮֽ١
Ů֮һĴõӲǽԼŮ֮С
ƾŵйĥźŮסһ𣬲ŮŮһ˯ʱҲҪŮ˯
ΪŮϵѾˣȴû뵽ûжħŮץߵˡ
ֻΣŮһķ֮С
ᣳҡҷ
ŮеľɺӤӤˡ

ƽѵϲ˹ȫܺ˵ϻҲֻһ浽ĺѡ
ֱǸƽܰĲʦһ͵Ϯ
֮ǽСߡ
ʼʱСﻹͦɰģϧ
꣺˭˵

һӶħ֮Ļ̻̣ħǰ
ܿ죬ħʹһսЭ顣
ں̸ϣսսΪͬս̸תһˡ
磬񻣬߼ȲѣˣԼӲȥ˴Ѫ
̸Ǽ޵Ҫ󣬱ûɲ
ݱǩ ж     ڻ
ؼʣǣӤӤ  ǣ  
һ仰飺
⣺Լ


һ Ӱ


1 
ڹ½֮УӤӤƯܾúܾá
ٶ۾ʱǰǼΪϤķ䣬ɴᣣϻưƣ棬ͷŵĻƿ֮вһ֦ĺɻԶƢ
ͬոǰʪխĵνȻͬ
ӤӤ̧̧֣ʱȻݲ԰ЩܿĹǽڣǾò֮˵֣ϲûѪ˰̡
һĸоİϤǸԶʱ֮ȫ̡
һΡ
ڴ˼䣬Լڵֻһе硣
ȴʵʵڵһΣۣȴǴ˼䡣
ϴһСŮĴߴӤӤô˯ڲٲ˾ҩϵοҪٵˡ
ӤӤǼһᣬˮЩ
СŮӤӤһһҪ޳ӣˣӤӤôˣجô
جô
ġ
μת˴ԭӦʮɹȥ
μ磬ƾž׵ľ硣
μİĵ֮Уʮļ̣ʮ룬ÿһᴩ
һдһ飬еǡ
Ⲣԭ磬һС˵ľ飬ϣֻһӦðԭ趨ȥȴ͵ڻҡ
͵ϱ֮УӦȥ˻Ӧûȥȥ˲٣Ӧ÷ħ
޷ѣЩ̡룬Ůµġ
޼ԭ·ʱߵĳ谮
̹ǵĺ⣬Щĥҹҹϣÿһ缡ÿһбݲеĺۼ
ֱˣŮͬھ֮ǰһ̣ھֻһλϡ
ӤӤȥס
ܼ㣬̫ˡ
̫ˡ
ںڰ̫̫֮ãչҲЩĿ˵۾ӵ
ڴ֮ϵһСŮޣãֻһУɣֻʮꡣ
סʻȵǿҵ
֮һ¤¹ڣ
ʲôǲ춼һôôŪʮûһӤӤķӦŪЩ֪룬˵˵ȥˣǿЦİǻҪһһֱһ𡣡
šӤӤص˵ͷҪһֱһ𡣡
ԺеĴϣ룬һһصķɻֵؿš
ңңӵĽ̸׷ЦʮδŹˡ
ڵĴԼƲʮʱ
ڵĹأڵʮʦʦ֮ͬ½еһؾԵһͷһ޵ΪĿ꣬Լ֮УǲμڵʽſˡԵż
ϻǳĺɫӷѾ˸һĻɫǵϱӣǱһͨ
ⲻͶɡԼȥӤӤ۽ǵۣӤӤǿ߰ɣȻ˾ҩϿǳٵǷɱѪιȥˡ岻ã䱦ϴû˼ֱӵȫɱ˾ҩǰ׷˾ҩϲصɽ²ҳš
ǵġ
ڴʱ廹Ϊ
̥һɾ綾첻㣬ƽСϣһȫĵرšѩ谮ݣԭز֮ѩֱӱչУٲš
ϱӣҲиоѩĺã°֮ѩȥ׷ɱֻʱѾѩҲ׶༪١
ǿǳΪħͬ˽ֶܵħȫǳս컨Ĵڡ
ӤӤļµ΢һ̲ססĿڣشϢţæõҩ
Ҫȥ˾ҩϸٰɣúϢһ߷ӤӤһ߹еص
ӤӤص˵ͷӣֻĽö߲
ֻ˵Ѿܼˡ
ʵڷĲֲҲȥϿΣһͷȥˡӤӤڴϣҲҶ
¶һ£һϲС
ڴ˲һʱŸо΢ɶЩµ߶ڴڼһ鱨
ϱʵ׽Ȼȥӽд߶ܺúúǴùϵģͬһʦµʦãʼҲ䲻ȡ
Ӵʱ໹ڶħǶβ׵Ļʵȡ
ȡ˵ȡ˵˵ԴҲȡ˵һ֡
ɹ׼ΪʱͻȻ㱩ˣȫˣҲ˾ܶɹĽ٣ȴûзɹֻǰرա
ʵ˭޷ܣǵ߶ħ֮С
Ⱳħ˵ܶ鶼ᷢ
ֹˣҲӦúùϵ
ùϵĻҪΪЩʲô
ӤӤ۽ޡ
˽֮УǸֵܹˣְ֣ǳͬʱҲǵñ˴ĺá
һõķôãܵҲûж׵һֺ˸ͷְ취ʵʲɹĿΪ㡣ֻֽ֮ǰ£θУûԽӽ
֮ĲʱڣӤӤö⡣
ȷʵһֽ٣Ǹһᣬǰڵ֮л
ӤӤ߳ԺӣʱڵӲ඼æڿҵżܿС
ĻϴС
ӤӤ˵۾ס˴Ŀ⣬ԶһֻϵĻ߹ȥȥժ
ȳָһıʾл⡣
еı־ƽÿ춼ܿƬڽͨţ衣Щ䲻һ޲ǳԻɴߣ̵ֱʡ
ҲǴĸףǸʦѩֿѡ֮徣ЩϤϢȺڵҪ׽ܶࡣ
һ·ͣͣӤӤƾżߵѩá
ѩڴڵļϥſһֻѩ׵Ĵ񣬼ӤӤӣҧѩеıʣ
ѩӤӤˡ
ѩ±ʣӤӤòȥΪᣬֻͣһ˫۾޿ɱⱻʱʴ˺ۼ
ѩʱѩҲ࿴ۡѩɫãԽס
ӲãԺҲþͺãҲչ㡣
ҪϱˣֻôӦ
ֻһʮĺӣӦǵͣϱӸյ磬˽ɻȥȥҲĨӰˡ
װƽĽģҡҡѩֱۣסԺ棬桭
תԴǣȻѹĶ¹ɣʦһӰʦġ
ѩЦЦϣ㰡
ʦͽƬ̣֮игֻǳǳĽŲİ
ӤӤĿƵſڡ
̤ŵһ˫νѥϿ˴һɫֱۣһ޶װΣɲڴǱüەi
ֻiüۣȴǱġ
ɨʱĿǺ˼֣ӤӤʶ㣬ֱ˿ڣûĿ⿴
ʦ밲


2 
ѩ㱨ģ˽̸ʱӤӤ̲ס˼Ĳա
ʱᣬʵʱҲûж꣬ǹڷһ
֮ǰӤӤû̫ϸôˣܸоûнõ˼Զ˳ˡ
֮뿴ǵ֮Уֽű屻̴ݲС
ǵİϸ࿴
Ŀ⣬ؿ˹ӤӤæͷ
𻰼䣬ܿ͵ӤӤҪһ¡
ӤӤѾʮ꣬Ҳȥ
ʵѩΪӤӤţκǵģûʲôſɿ
ӤӤȥѡѩĿǰֻˡ
һĵ߾ʦ˵ĵӣ߽ͬжε
ʦڳ˼ؾ֮зһ¡˹ֻ֣»顣
˼һֺܵͽ׵ֲؾ֮дƬΣȴͣӰ־յ޷
򣬱һͷ˼Ӱµ޷񣬽ײˮУԭܴ˴󾪣ʱѾˡ
˵⻰ʱ˿ûпӤӤ
޷˼ĶǰԤĵҩɡѩ׷ɫĵҩڴ֮С
ȻʦҪ󣬵ǡ
һ֣£ٿƳһӤӤ
ӤӤںɫӷ֮УԽԵò԰ϸɫܲڸǲµ٣ӴˣҲһѩü۽欵òŮ
ӤӤƺΪʦԱߣЦţʦҲ
Ĳͬһ۱ܹ֮ģ̲סѩʣӤӤôˣ
ѵùӤӤ顣ѩЦЦ
ȷ֮ǰٹӤӤӤӤС꣬ǸСӺҪ˹עʱӤӤѩˡܸ֮оѩϵĿԶԶҪˡ
ӤӤ֮ʦҲûֹ
ѹһƬɫֻʡ
ոһĿ⣬ӤӤܸоһԹޣĿ̫ϤˣǵεʮñһŨϰٱԹĿⶢĿ⽫ǧٿס
˼ǰ֮ʱӤӤɫ԰׵ļҲǰһڣֻԼ˵ϣֱʲô˷
һƬæҡ
ҳŲײҩ޵ɳɳһ
æ־
ӤӤԼԼԱϲеĴڹڳصùķ
ЩڵΪģ˶ظ졣
ڣ۾
ſڣǰѺɫǸоʲôһ̧ͷķȥ
ĿӵһɲǣҪƿߣ΢΢һ͵ظоʺһϢ
촽⶯һѪɫȴ˳Ĵ
ѩڶҩֻ۾װ·
ѪʱЦȻֻһѪ˿Ҳ벻۵ġ
һۣĸ֪ģǻþоӰԱ߻ζҴñӡ
˿ʴڴǻһǵѪ
ǷȾߵá
ӤӤٶ۾ʱ򣬷֮Ѿһˡ
ѩڰҩߴ֣ҩķŹ·Żԭ
ѩ̧̧ͷʾ֪ˡ
ɽ⼸죬ӤӤȻôࡣһҩģתۼͱ˴ӡ
Ϊʦ֪㲻ϲҲΪʦԲס㡣ѩֵ̾ΪʦĸܣʱҲСԹԹΪʦͺá
⻰Ҳʵ
˵ԹǲܵġֻϸϸûҪԹˡ
ձѩӤӤղಡ齣ΪʹĿҲϸڴнһҹСèʱпܶ
ͬѩӰ̵ĺӣѩôܶܲˣֻҪ΢ϲȾʣѪϢǳ¡ĺڴּͳˣӤӤȴ˸ĵرſڡ
ӲԹʦҲԹӤӤ񶨡
׽ֻ֪οڡѩϨ˻𣬽߹֮еҩ˳ɫҩҺڴС
֪ô˸ոӤӤʱµһѪӤӤã֮ҲҩҺɫ
룬Լָ⣬ѪûнָѪֱӵҩҺǵһСƿ
ƿݸѩʱָϵ˺ѾȻ޴ˡ
ӤӤ׽Ϊδδоһ㣿
ѩıɫ΢ⷺƿפƬ̣ŽƿеѪ㵹ҩ

ӤӤҩҾһѩ˵ŻЩ
߬һ˿ֲ˲ǡ
ҺѩµѪѩЩҲ֪ްҪǰֻܰȥ
ֲʱһµ𣬺ܶ졣
һҲĽ㡣
һѪûŵģײˣֻҲ֪ˡ
ϵã֮以ƣʦʦóƺȻҲ
ֻĲǳʦãĺѡ
Ҳʧˡ
뵽⣬ӤӤͷһƶ£Ͽһ
ԭɾϣ˰߰º죬ĺĻꡣ
棿⣬ɵÿһҵӣֱڿʲô˵ʲôһʱЩõѩ⡣
˼ڴǳ˸ͣ˭
ЩСӲѩ۾ѩ΢΢һЦӤӤ棬ַ˾ɲӻס졣
ѹֽҿԼȥΡȻӤӤôˣ
һʵҲ˳ڣϲӤӤǳϲһϲ
ֻƳɫµŲǺܺãɻǵһ򲢲ϲӤӤ
ҽȥô
תѩ
ٿزӱӤӤſڿȥȻŵһͬһ
ֻ˲ѩ
ӤӤ̧۽ޣǡǵϤòϤӰ


3 
޷Ҳʼ׻οҪú֮ġ
ߺΪҲȥûС
ֱֱӤӤӤӤȥƺȫû뵽˶ӣܿƿĿ⣬£ڱ£
Ѹ۷˱ӤӤµѪɾ
̲δһԡ
Ŀ뿪ӤӤ߬ӣָ΢ݹӼȡһ˿ϵˡϾΪŮӴƷմȾ㹻άüˣΪֱӴȡӦûʧصĵġ
뿪ãʱ̫ȥһԲ¹ڿУΧǳ׺٣ԳĪ¼š
ӤӤ˽ϵĴ멣ɽߣ͸һԲٶȱֺƽ
˵ҲûпڣԼ᷽߹ȥǵԼľԼĵȫһ
ôŻţĵؿ·ڴεӤӤæ§סش£ǡʦӣڸоô
ĽǶŰɫ·մ˺ںɫİ߰ѪȥĿġŵòᣬæӤӤֱ۷ȥ
ʦҪȥ꣬ǾͿһСӤӤϢ΢٣۵˸Źʣץ֣ڸǲס˷ܡ
úúãȺúϢӤӤ˷ܣʵڷĲ£Դؾû˵ô£ҽʱֻܸ߾ˡҪǴʦ̹Ҳࡣ
ӤӤ˵ͷؾлеģһҲûʲôѶȡԵӵĳؾʵٿڴ۸ӵؾܷ֮ȶס
Ҫ϶ԶͬˣҪ۾ҿ϶߼׵ĵӶпܲ˵ͬʱҲľõ˲С
ӤӤӲؽڣϲĵˣ֪ӣЩҲܳϼꡣ
ڼ֮飬֮Ҳ١ĿֻһͳȥȻԼѰط˽

ôǴʦԴؾĵңңƼһʱЩ𾪣ߵСŮô¡
ӤӤŮǱļϵĺӣȫŶ֪顣˵ŮƢӣܲź򡣲ʦԱѩһСŮɣɼԲʵ
ĵӳϾؼʡףӤӤԼСã̲סСָֻո̧һɫļ߱㸲ֱϡ
ҿɲ𡣡
ɫߵǾ޴ģڨڨջ֣תӿڴǣݸӤӤ
ڶݵĴ֮оʧˡӤӤ߬ǼǣʦЦЦ
ллʦ֡
Ҳֱ̫ɰˣޱȾϲҪ϶ӳ谮ʦá
ݴк֮ӤӤؾǽϵ͵ȼؾӤӤ֮еĲ࣬ؾֲ֮ïڰǱŸ׶ޣ׼ɱߡ
ؾ֮˼ިӣ˼ɢϢƵõͽؾתƣҲòѰ
Һǰ˵ҩû˼ݵӰ졣
ǵϱӣֻùеһֻؾŲԶıӰèֻڱס֮лȻĻᣬ뻻һޣЩСı仯ѵɺЧӦӰ
䲻ԣȴҲһֱ۲ӤӤ״
ĴڵӤӤȷʵ˲١ӤӤͶ֮ɢĳϢмִ˵ӡ
ڿӤӤǿ̧ͷѧӦеСŮӳЦһ¡
ֻϧЦʵڹǿһʱԼոǲǰӤӤϱЦˡ
ڴʱԵŮͨһԵ˵ϡһè֮һĨɫӰӷɿʧ֮С
ü
Сĵ㡣ӤӤոһֻһޡ
㣬治ǹġӤӤæ˵
ʵǹġ
ֻӰèѰһֻޣܻһ·˵ֽܴͬ
֪㲻ǣһǾ仰ҪΪڶɾ裬ؾ֮зɾʱ
ʵӤӤҲ뽲ʲôӤӤһСöҲ
Ӵָȡһƿˤ˸࣬ӤӤˤѪֱϡ
һӴһ΢оٿϮӤӤͼԼܿƵҪڵ֮ųһ㣬תԼܲԼϵֱעڡ
ϱûеģϱյֻΪԼûԼɢתˡ
뵽⣬ӤӤĵװԻϲ
ϱӾΪ߽ȡҪⱲ˶ൽɾⲻ˳ħˣ
첲ˤϥҲòȥҪʦˡ֪˳Ц
ôﶼо²ģܲӤӤʬ𼣡
ޱ鿴һۣδ̬СĵÿӤӤȹۣ⿪ȣϥҲˤˡ
ոҪǲֻӰèͺˣҪӤӤɱǱӰèѾˡ
һˤ˸࣬һ롣


4 
ӤӤСѾͷ̵ͦģһΪӤӤˤܿءӤӤ۾оȦˣôô
ʲôӻ֣Ψ²ҵƿ
Ҷ˵жؾˣĸؾ
£㻹ͦʣ
ǹʵ飬һҹ֮߸ؾҲϱ˰ɡЦ˿

ѡܾͨ
ĿתƵӤӤϣȴ벻Ļ
ӤӤַͷḧţʱӤӤɲһֻʮСŮ֮ǰҲû˭ô
Сʦ꣬ٳһ㣬ǰ;ġ
Ŀ⣬а̾
֮̽УӤӤѾȷԼѾȷʵ֮תƣֻ˵ķϱһҪ
ڶ֮ͣ˼ؾߣѵö˵˾ǲʣҪӲš
ӤӤҲ֪һ㣬ȻҲֻǵͽؾڵΪǹڱѳŵסʴѹȡ
֮ǰв֪Ӳŵĵӣʵ̲Ҫ˳ʱ򣬱ӲѹѹñѾ˾䷴̲ģ㷺ڸ֮С
ֻû뵽ӤӤĸ̧̧צӾܰӤӤľȴԶԶһͬĵӡ

ϱͿ⾫Ŀл۷壬ݵٻĿλӰ
ΪħǰɵһֿûС
ôģ֮ǰҲûô˼ݰȺ˼Ƿô
ıԹӤӤ͵ػͷ
ֻγ彣һƬϸϸɫǳɫҶӸƯھҶѵʱƺһ翵㡣
Ľϣ˼ѸٱᣬջɵɫĩƮɢ
ĳΣӤӤһס죬˼Ѫ˿ָɢ
ü
ɾڴʱƺңңһȷϮеͺӤӤų̽飬Ļѹͷ
Ǳˡɫ䣬ֻʾһ㣬˵ܿˡ
δ䣬ֻһɫѪڳ˿䣬סӤӤһַֻɿ춪ߣܿ첼һ׵󷨽ɫס
ɫӤӤܿжϳһһ׵֮ޣպ÷Ҫ
˳ֽסתͷӤӤʾǰ
նɱûеĻȻǲеġӤӤԼĴָ֮ҳһذףȥʱ䣬ڵд̽ߴʱ򣬲žͬʱ˴衣
һֱ̫ϲѪɱ¾ĳ̶ֳƣ׷ǻ׷ŸɾþɱֺϷȻ徫ԶԶϱӱ֮ǰԾϸ΢ѿż䱣
ذߴ磬ֹͣѪӤӤһǵϱѪȳʱֱ˹ȥûУ侲ؽʿȡ˴ˣԼ
һơ
ƴ󣬹⻪תԾǸ߽׵֮ӤӤƷֻȻ֡

ʱպߵ̽ûˣҲơ
ҪҵĶתͷ˼̵ƣҲһ޺ˡ
ţҲû뵽ԼƾȻܱһһ޸ˣҲЩҲס
ʸĴôһװ㿴ûǸǴ˰ɣ
ʵڣ̫ˡ
ƽһޣһɰǧơ
ӤӤͷװȫû˵Ļרں
ؼˮ֪ûз֣Աһ׵СһȦ޼ӦƲͻһסȹʵ硣
˵ˣô
߷ߺһ彣תƻ⣬ָָӤӤܸоӤӤҪ侲١
ȷˡ˵ͷ
֮ǰĵӣǵһɱһֶӤӤ侲ġ
ڿӤӤĿ⣬΢΢Щת䡣
ںϣζؾ֮õβ
˳ؾĳȥؾĳڸһУؾ֮жȻ˼ݻϯʱѸٷӦסӤӤڱǣǺ̫໨ۡͬʱγ彣궯ĻۻΪſžڵϡ
һۣ֪߲ƣʶͷţڲԶһù¡
һȼᤣֻһŮվ£ҲܣƺڵǶ
ӤӤͷһŮϱӸħ֮ˡֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʱŮѾ˲Ƶǰٶȿ쵽ŮվǰʱµĲӰδȫʧ
ϱһŮʲôû˵ֱֻȡ֮ͬħģһĳ
ƬѪɫ˲䦺ɫۣŮ˰һã֮ʣĽ˳ϮƵסʺ
Ӧòϵûнϣʶȥֻ𾪵ؿŷԼϵŮеҲһ£һ


5 
̺ħֵһĳʱӤӤֵжϳƵλǰ
ֻ͹һƵ
Ȼܾ֮еϱһʱɫԼܳܡħĸоڷհ㡣
屾ƽմ綼ܿȳѪһоԼѪܿƴʺӿת˲Ⱦ·ҪԼѪǺ
Ҫܸıͺˡııı
ǻ֮ǰӤӤͷ
ͷһƵŮȥ̽ӤӤɫȥ
ѩ˵ӤӤҪӽ
ô
ô㵲ģӡҪû㡣ǺŮЦ˳⿴ӣڲһյһ׵СӰɡԼȥһƣҲ̫ǰɣ
֮ߵȼֺƣҲһ׶׵ĳƺֻ߾òף֣֮ǲ߸Ĳϰߡ
ŭס죡
ԽŮӵʺڷı֮£ŮӵĲϸϸѪۡûֻܴߴŮ׽á
Ůһۣڿշ綾һڶҪŮӰ
ͬʱŮξͬȰ㻯Ӱæ׷ŮδȥֱӴ͸Ӱ˸գӰֱ˷ȥ޷Ůӵĸȥˡ
ã˻ΪԼ׷ǹ֮˵ӣԼһСŮǳ֮ô
ŮȻܣ죬Ҫȥ׷ס
׷ϵġʵԶ֮ϣҲڰ˽жΡԼ͡ûɱǣӦֻǲɱ
ӤӤƽ˵ϣŮ΢̽Ϣ٣ۿŻˡ
ɫȻ֣߬ӣӤӤǵѪɫ
Ѫֹסģʹָ⣬ỬȣԴԴ
Ǹ˵ĻϡɫȻ彣ӤӤߣӤӤŶֻǿӤӤôС͡
û˵꣬ת۾Ϳֱ쾹ȻֱͬӤӤȾѪɫĴӣһȫûӦʲô
ֱ̧ͷĴմѪۣɢĵһꡣ
ž
һİֱ˦ϡ
ôӤӤʮ꣬ǣǡ
û˵ˣӤӤʮ꣬Ϊ˾ӣȻԱӤӤ飬ֱ޲
ޣ
Ҫ֮ͬˣϾܽʮأİҪǰǰϰߣһɱһһҲ
ھѳζʱֻԼʵȥҩôҲָô
һʱ͡
ֻ鿴ӤӤ״ʱȴȷȷʵ˵ӤӤƽȣӸո˿ϻָ϶˼Ѫɫ
ھ˰֣Цʦ㣬ҸոմǰǲԵģҪȻ㻹͵ǳƽˡ
ǳ鴤͵س֣ȥɡ
˵ţӤӤͷҲصؾߡ
æ׷ȥȵҡô찡
ֲǸϡ
ӤӤԵʲôҩЧôãͬŵķݶϣ¡
̧̧üûзŲʱҲԵġ
ǡߣ
ö˶ţǿ첽ȥ

صڣûнӤӤ͵СӵᣬֱӽӤӤԼסԷӤӤһʱ䣬Լǰȥá
ѩӤӤһ£˲æϵԷȷӤӤ֮󷽲ǺŮ֮¡
ǺŮʵڳ˿͸ƾ˵ʹѩʶҲ޷жϳ⾿һŵΪﵽ˽׵ȫҲǰˣ޵ù¼ڲᣬδ˹֮ˡ
¹գѩҲֻʱؾؽĵӽе飬صӶԴҲһͷˮһ֪ѩ˲˽ؾһļ¼ԽŮӳֵؾ̽飬ȫûзʲô⡣
ŮӾȫ˼һ㣬ûκκۼ
ȻӤӤڵǿħ
ʱӤӤڻ֮УҲǿҵʹࡣܸоǿħʴԼѪ࣬ҵʹʴк޲ԼȥħʹԶԶҪϱĥҪΪҡ
ϱӵôģ
ӤӤֻ޵ʹ࣬Ҳ֪ʹҪĥãֱоƺʲôԼ塣
ֶһڣ۳һͬ޼ɵʴħѸٽˡ
һȻһа֮ǰûз֮ħܿڽڰˣħ֮СǹҲ֮ħ£ܸоԼѪҺת𽥻ָƽ
Ȼħڳ˯ǹûУǷֳһɣĺӣڶһ־߶ȥ޸ͨͨĹʹħŰľʹѾöˡ
ϱôѹµħô
ӤӤʵ롣

ںһŵܷ˼ʡĵطһ磬Լʦ𷣵ĵǰ˼˼һۼĵһϳ˼µŮӡ
ʦô˼Ǳߣôˣ
˵ʦصҪ˼ʮ졣ͱˡ
˼ʮ죿˶Ϊ֮һ𣬷׷װ
Ҫ֪˼»Ϊӣʱտͣҹ̹֮ǣʱʱ׵籩档⼸ʧְʦ޵Ұɱ˲űԼʦ𷣹˼СҲһʱʧܴίҲһܣʮ죬²Ǵĸųϡ
ʮ족ǵ˹ӣŻǼǵиСӣӤӤİɣ
˷׷׵ͷ
ʦӤӤʦɽʦؾˣڻԲѡʦΣ˼˼ǵ̾˿ʮҲԼġ
⡭ڰɣʦǺαأ
۷׷ףǹ֮ɵŮӣ˭ﶼЩֵ
ӤӤƫȫ¶֪ģôص̷˵˭֪ǲ˼أ
Ҫ֪Ҳ׵ӣҲ̫ƫЩ
һԲԽԽ棬ټ⼸֮ǰܹĶݵģĺǱƫ
Ȼӵ׽ӽͬʦʦõĺ˶ʦίǲӲܣ
ȵʦȥȥʦʰɡ飬ôʦʮ죬˶ùˡ
һ˷׷׵ͷǡ
񴫸ǿɽɣҵӤӤᣬֻǲûӤӤֻӤӤסһСŮޡ
ֻӤӤʦʦ㣬ɫҲ˵ʲôֻӤӤڲסԷ
ͣϵԷܿͱˡ
ʦӲżãˣʲôֱӶ˵СǰһֻҪһ򵱹أĪơ
ʦ㣬Ƕ֪ʹʦ˽½áҪѴʦ㵱ѾͷǽȥʦãһԼĵѾ˵˳֪֪ڴʦѾȥ˼£
δ䣬ֻһѵĴӷﴫ˲Щ˼æܻȥ
ֻӤӤڵϣ۵ֱƬѪ಻ֻ̧֪ͷǣʣ
ʦ㣬ո˵ʲôȥ˼£


6 
˼¿ɲʲôõط
һֻз˴ĵӲŻᱻ˼·˼Сһֻ͵š
ɲ֮УһŮӿ˿ڣ
ôǣʦãȻʵƫ裬Ҳĥʦ㰡˵䲻Ļ˲ǺúõôڷҪƴʦô
ʹʦ㶼ĵӣԼġԴ֮󣬴ʦֱӱһԣõѾˡ
ͲܷŹʦôʦá
ŮԭӦǸгˣ˵鴦˼ᣬֱֱӤӤ
ˣһյĴݺƣɫ䣬˿˿𣬡ʲôʦԼǲԸģʦ㻹Լǰ˼£¸ʲôϵָʦʲôϵͷҪԼˣҽ
ϯ˵ƿԣæӤӤӵϷʱֻӤӤ͵͵ʣ
ʦ㣬ȥ˼ô
ӤӤαǰȺûżķʦʦͱƣֻõ˵ͷ
ӤӤġû¡
ӤӤǰȻһڣǿԼ壬ǿƲסȳһѪ
ʦ㣬Ҫȥ㡣
ӤӤΪδݵһȦпģһֻСè
˵⻰ӤӤһ󼲿ȣϽοȳĸоڳʦĵӵʱ˻
ӤӤԣ΢㹻ÿ壺
Ҫʦȥ˼£ȥȥʦ㡭
ʣĻһҿû
һǻĵ˭˵ӤӤʲôûУ⿴ȥʱпܿǰ
Ƕһۣоǲ׷Ҫ뿪
£ôȫˣ
ͬţŪǷǡԼȥ췣ɡҪǲ죬ݹҲˡ
⼸ֻÿɥȥ˽ҡ
ӤӤϣƽź˾ȻǶĿô
Ҳǡ
ڴСʱ򣬺ܼҲ֪أУȷʵѩΪչ
Ҳǡ
Ǳ谮ŵģʱѲ࣬һȷʵʵ
ӣģ˿ӤӤѪ߰ߵӣɵʡ
ӤӤ˵ͷʶսԼĴָ
⼸ͿϲûԼ˶ϾɲҰ׽ȥ
ľٶһɲһ˿΢ָܿģû˺˼£ӣȥô
ȥҲȥӤӤпЦ
Ĳ˵ǳ¾µһʱĳĳĳһ㶼ǵС
ΪҲȥ˼£ʲôû
ӤӤץӣ϶ȥ㣬Ȱ
˵ţˮϵմʪڣȻܲӤӤĿޣԭԵǺ
ҪӤӤ˼£˵һŵľˡ
ľܾҲӤӤ֮УӤӤһܿԼ뷨
⼸ҩõ˾ҩ磬첻һЦӰҩõĵӣǱתõӤӤ⼸첡أÿҹѪֹ˶ҩЧԽԽء
ҪӤӤȥ˼¼ɣһϣڶѩ£ӤӤ⼸춼μ֮ءĲҩҽ˵ܺЩ
ѩ̾˿
Ĳҩҽ
ӤӤСȷʵϲĴСн㣬˶ٴҪСʦ㡱ҲϸġҪӤӤⲡΪ˼ǰ˼µ𣬼һҲǲС
˵ţժһӣһܵ˼´Ķѹȥ˼µӤӤʡ
ӤӤͰˡ

գ˼ϡ
ΡΡ߰У˼ơ˼ۣ֮ϲֲ޳ۼΨмǿСҰؿţȴҰ׵ɽԵԽ䡣
һ򽲾װڣƫԶ˼˼Ҷ紵ɹҲ֮ǰɫ
ˡ˼óϽ˼䣬ӤӤһȥ˼óֻӤӤһȥ
˼£ӤӤʶΪʲô¶طԱ֮Ψֲʹѩķܵ󲿷ֻӰ죬ܸоطľһѹȡ
䣬룬šָϱʹħļ䲻Ժ֮зӿӤӤǿԼǰߡ
ɳݣ˾ĿǰǳʱҲѵǰľ½ŤЩӰҲ֪ڴ˶ãӤӤ˹±ߵɫӰ
ȶӻ֮УɫӰɱֱʲô̬һ±ɡ
㡣ӤӤһӿ˽ŲЩڵϡ
̫˼±ߵŮƺû
ӤӤߵߣֽһ㡱ŮˣѻһĽëһ£̧ͷķȥ
˫ĵ۽΢Ѫ˿ܲƯiûκѹаֻһƬ䡣
ӤӤţͬӵʱûдϸоԹĪĸо
ǵǣǹУ
֮ⲻ֪֮еǸħͷˡ
ӤӤôˣ켸ҹûнʳˮȻΪ֮˲ʲô̫Ӱ죬֮л⡣
㣬ûдȥòã
˼µĳ֮ˮһӾ
޹㣬޷סСܣΪһǱѾȴûܷ֣ʧ죬ΪѧղˣʧְΪңպν̹ʦʦã
ȻɳƵᶨ쳣һѩͦɰء
˻ħ̤ߵΪ䡣
ȻԼıҪ¹ԭλ
˼ĥʮ죬Ǹ˶Ԫ𣬰֮Ҳͻơ
Ҫ㵱ҲӦһܷǡӤӤһתֱҲ˵ôִֻܵҪɽͲЩˡ׻ϣӦܷ
̧̧ӣû˵ʲô
Ҳû˼
ʱư˼óϵߣҪӤӤ뿪ȻһĻ
ӤӤʲôҪӤӤӤӤǳ˼һִŵҪҲ
ÿҪڹˣؿȴȻ
ԼҪģʲôϵ


7 
ʲôϵ
дϵ
ֻúΪʲôѩӤӤֵطɫģҲֻŶһ䡣
ôҲǵʦģ̬ԼĽһûһļͷܲܿӤӤǰȥɣܵܵȥ
ѡ˼ֲֻ췣ӲֻҪǾԼйĵӣԿ˼ܽ롣
۽գûп
磺㡭еͬĲô
ĳЩ˲ӦеͬģѡǸô
βӣֱţ֪ӤӤִȰҲûãֻһȥûѩ
ΪҲ˼¡
ߺ΢΢۾һŵӤӤŮɫ԰׵ÿ£Ĵɫȴĺ죬ȫʱһ㺢ӦеĻŵ
ϸܴ۽ǿһǳɫС롣
꣬ӤӤۡ
ʦʦӤӤݳԣ谮Ϊһħͷ
ӤӤٴ򽻵ֻ֪ʦãټʦӤӤƫ
˵ǶӤӤȫûԹǲܵġ
ǰЩѩǾ仰ǺһŮӵһƣзѪ
ӤӤѾûˡ
µʱһɾӵݵǰᴥĶͷ
㣬ôູ˺òãӤӤ̽ҪȥûзӦ̧ϸϸǰӨһ㺹顣
ǰ˼úܽϵ㲻ʱǶˡеģڶħ֮ҹҹǰѰɱţҪʡ
ӤӤʲôֻԼܰȹⱲӡ
ǰĺˮƳҲȫϸܵĺ飬Ử쾱¶ˮ
̧֣סӤӤ󣬵Լ
ȻǲӤӤӴ˽ܵĲλӤӤֻ֣ܿͷ
㣬ʦ֮ǰһӡ˼ܺܲ١ӤӤҧҧժܻסԼķ
˼˷ֲѹֱӽӤӤЮӤӤʺѪץ֣Ӵϡ
һ֮ٵصʯͷϣѪɫҪࡣ
ȻڽӴʱʶʦصظӤӤϵķҲӤӤ߽ԭû˷ѹƣ˼֮ϵѹܽӤӤ˺ѡ
˼֮ɭֲΪѹһħʬǣħȻѹǧأѹڣҲ޷һ
æӣ´ӤӤϣվǳˣӤӤһѪ·ϣȵѪϪ㣬ת˲ʪһƬôֹס
㡭ӤӤУԲ𡭡Ūˡ·ȥɣ㡭
ˣκˡ
ΪʧѪ࣬ʶЩجج˲òץסᣬҪˢһĺøС
ȥȡ·ѾץסѸٱ˰ԵӤӤø˹ȥ

Уҡҷ
֪ģ˶áѩǰˣ
ֻҪ⼸ˡ
촽Ҫ⣬վʲôû˵

֮ӤӤҲ֪ԼⲨøˢûˢϣȷû֮ǰôǿˡ
ѩ;Լ̣ӲʧܾͻطĸӰ졣γԷ΢ɶĻᣬ˵Ϊȥðæ
ڵ֮ǰ˵һ۶ʱѻ˵꣬˵»ǷϻҲʱɽɹ˳ֻһЩóԵĵġ
òæʱҲȥɺɻέҶ֮ģϲߡ
֮ǰһʱ䣬庢һ˯ȥæԼ¡ʱײһĻûٱЦôͽĸλˡ
Դ˲ٰӭ˽⡣
㷢ôӤӤһ֮״Ҫ֮ǰõöࡣûʱҲȥЩһûһġ
ôʦ𽻴ˡϴŴɽ¹õ߲ˣָˣҲûȥסˡ
֪ĿķǣЦЦôҪ᲻ô죿
ʲô᲻ãһѰʦöѣ֮еʦʦôࡣһĵҲмַ꣬Ȼϲԣʶ֮аϴ۲۳ڡ
⿴һЦ˳Ȼϱʾ˳ǹ֮ôʶ
˵ףҲ֮ҪҪӤӤߡܸоӤӤֺúСЩ
ֲޣֲӤӤʲô
ӤӤĻǺ׾

ӤӤָһʱ䣬һȥѧܿҪЩһ׵ĵ֮Ҫбԣѡʽʼĵӡ
ԷΪԺԣǿ֮иɡԼҩȵգȻǽһ׵֮ȶۺϷѡʽĵӡѡԸз׼ңԸеҲԵȵڶ
Ϊؾ˼֮ǰգ׼ĵ١ӤӤϱ߹һ⣬Щ֪ʶԵıȶƾڵľ־ֿܽס
ڵħԴӱǹ£֮޶ǹصֳ쾭Ѳߣûʲô⣬ľ࣬ȫůģ
ѩҵѧüãͨǰ϶顣˭ҲиԼһϰҵ
ϰҵʱҲԱߴѩǣҹġ
ΧһʱҲСǰ϶죬ǿģϲĵǳԡԷܰϢ
һֱȥͺˡ
ʱִʱҹϵһɫӤӤɵ롣


8 
١רŹӱԵãͬʱУճǩһһԡ
ɣӤӤ鵽˲ͬǩ˶˿ζǲˡ
ӤӤȥԣϱһǳ׶⡣ٱĳĳĸſģʲôҧ˽ⶾҪֲҩ
ЩȻ򵥣ڲϿʱ򲻺úĵӾͲˣٵڴ֮ɥ
еıԹǴֲ÷еıԹżǲסĳĳʲôɴ𹦷ʱ֪ĹȫдϣеԼҵڿγϵ֣϶Ӧʱһòۿϡ
ԶӤӤ˵ʵףϵĶΪǸûʲô£ãֻƾʤӤӤһɲǣӤӤԼľֱӹǵӵʶΧһ׵ĵʲôΪʤһֱӳŽײȥǷȥӲǰ׷ɻسһࡣ
ҩõĵæⱻԼײεĵӵƣαӤӤʤա˿ȥʲôûֻײ˹ʺ˲Ӯģ߳ʱĵǾվſڣһ
ӤӤáʲôɾӮˡ
˵˼ʲôɣ˼ҿءϧʲôûУֻԼˡ
ˣǻɴġ
ӤӤ΢΢һЦȻˣڳϵĹôʵȥֱӺͳ˵ģ볤ϲ顣
ɨһȦĿʵƽģȺĪоѹһ
ǲȥĻɷΪڴ˶ʼͬţݺأ
һΧĵǶʱ
ʼҲ졣
ӤӤƮƮƿǣߡߵſڣΪ׵һ˷γѣ
ӤӤ㲻֪ʽţĩһֱȥҲᱻô
֪һ˫޹۾ɨٷŵú
ʲôϵأ

뿪ã˳С·ֱã﹤˸ӣ¡
ʱƫصĽխ۷װҲֻһ壬һɫ˿ţ͸ˬĸ
ûħ
һħͣĹϵҲ׽˲١
ⱲҲħ᲻Ҳأ
ӤӤôߣصӰ
ΧЩʶģμħ֮սĻĽУҲʶģֻ֮Ϊħ¾Ҳ׶༪١
ٻʱѾңΧˡ
̤һֱߡ
㡣ߵʱӤӤһǰعͷ
΢΢ѯʵĿʣô
ӤӤ˵ͷ
ס˻С
ֻҲȥˣǱվһ˳Ŀ⣬ӤӤˮһɫ
ӹأӰʱƬƬǳĻԹ⣬ɵȥ֮
Բá
ھҹ˵ʲôҲʵĴǡ
Ҳʲôû˵פ֮󣬳ĬرԷ
Էԭסģ׼ʱҪŹסѾԼסˡ
˯ʣֻ߷ʱޣϾһŴ˯
ʵڹ᣷͸˽ӤӤշת˯ţԭҲǲ˯ġ
߽жεΪȻȫ磬֮УΪҲǰμģһǴ˼ǣȻܼ༫Ϊ̿࣬츳
ڵһᲢ۵ģֻˣʵҲ߽жΣڿͥ
Ǻ֪ΪʲôȵӤӤ°ħѾΪħ֮ûе˽ס
˼ţ˯ˡ
ӤӤԼշתࣺôˣ˯ô
̫ˡӤӤش

˯ʱ˯棬ϷҩʵҲ÷Ҫˣȴܼ֡
ֵĵ޷ǾӤӤһħȻûӤӤȷ̬֮ȿʼرת
ţ㵲һ
λøպסӤӤ۾ӤӤıڴʱͦñֱ˿ûκͷɡ
ˣ㡣ӤӤæǷҪ°ȥ
ƺû뵽ӤӤӺ水סļ򣬲֮һ˴ϣӤӤʧȥƽȥ
ҹɫ
ӤӤҪȴסˡ
ôˣ˱˯Ȼ뷨ӤӤֱӤӤͷŲŲɺãˡ
˵ţϸҴӤӤıǣһĺ󱳣һɡ
Ӧĳ
ӤӤɥʧ˱뷨ı۾
ҹϵ㣬ֻجƺʱһңңԶȥٲͷ


9 
ҪΪ໤˸׺ˡ˴΢΢ЦţҵҲʦòǣ
һۣǲŶ̫˰ɣ
գգƯһۣ۽βЦ⣺Ҳ̫˰ɡҿӤӤҲϲǾҪȥִˣպһ
΢£ô죿
һִʱҲĵڶꡣѡĵӾѾѡԼʦˣȻѡԼʦ𣬵Ҳɴʦʦִ񡣡һ
ʦ˼ұչô꣬꿴ӳ֮ǰӦҸԤλãٸҡӤӤҲţ֮ǰǸʦʦôӣڱԼˡ
⻰˵ĵģڵĳϾǼÿ궼Ҫһµӣܷڳߵ֮٣ǳϴģĴСģһһȥ
δ̬㿴ȥͦڴġȻϲȫɽɣһȺҪĵӡ
̽Ĵû˭˵һ֡Ц棬ʵ߳ѣĽڶࡣ֮ǰǧҪʦ߼ܴŵɽ¡ݲͽˡ
ⱲҲˡͷ֣£ʱ㳬ʱ㰡ͿЦˡ
̧һۣΪΣ
棬ﲻסЦ˳ƭأ㵱ˣôżֻˣû뵽ˣ
˶߽жεΪʱûͻƵļ֮ͻ֮ÿһͻѶȶڵҪոһյҪ˻Եӳ֡
ǿѩҲֻǰ˽۷ΪڲһҲ߽װ˽ף磬Ҳֻ֮зëǼͻƾŽ׵ǿߡ
ǾҪȱȣ˭ͻư˽׺ˡһ׽ŪȴҲգкɫļߣͻƵлԺͻƵ㿴Σ
ƽƽҲ̫ˡҪȫǰѧô죿
ǳǳһЦҾ˰㲻֪ô

ŮվرߣʱеĺɻвٿţбˮںҶ֮ϣġ
˵ҪҸУҲ̫룬ҩáӤӤرߵĴʯ£̾Ϣһ
ҩãӤӤһΪʲô
Ҫ֪ϱиһ·ħڱѡزҲΪһӡ
ҩϲһɣҩзӣҪйżҩҲδܾˮ֮СܶʱܵҩɾȵģҩڴоԵΪΡ
ӤӤ֣Ȧ΢ˣӤӤ͵ҩóϵĶԻ˵汻һħǶ޲ߡ뾫ҽȡ
û°ӤӤЩ𾪣æס֣˵ûʲôѡϲľͺãħûʲôӰ졣
ڵǹůƺĻľ˵ġ
ǣڣôһֱӰ죿˵졭ëţӤӤǲ˵Ҫһֱô
ҡ
ӤӤ֪ô֮ǰҿɲʱҶ޲Լ㲡Ǽ죬ҼܲˣҸ㡣һú£Ҫʲô¡
ջ֣˲۽ǵˮתЦᶨӤӤΨһĺѣҲʧȥ㡣
ñӵӤӤͷһΨһʵҪԡ
ǵʱڻм꣬ʱ첡ģţҲͬȥڿΡͬӵĹϵҲǺܺãͬĵϲӣЦ岻߼ҪЪš֮ΪʲôԭΪϲ衣
ǵƶǹֱӵģҪ޲ֻܱ۸øңֻ취˵ע⣬ԼúЩ
ҲʱʶͬҪô۸Ҫôֻҿ۸ĺӲһһοں۸ʱֱӳ
ڹԮ֮ʱյģӤӤоǸִĳҲἫΪж֮˺ѡʱʱ̶̿һ
Ϊˣڵ֪ѶŻˣͷʹڻҲ쳣
ɫôôĵӤӤɫ쳣æҡӤӤ֣ӤӤû°ɣ
ûû¡ӤӤǿЦЦ΢΢Ѫǰ£Ҹո룬ӦΪԼŲźá
ҩҲǺ塣ӤӤ֪ôڳʱҩǶҪһԱòϵûУΪ˭Ҳ˵ⷢ
۵˸صĹʣӤӤȻȥҩ֮ҲеġģҲΪֻ֪ҩûԱ֮ҩޣ̫ǳˡ

ܿͳ˽ӤӤͨҲûʲôɵĵġǵ죬ǸˣҪɽȥתת
Źϣʽ֮Ͼʱ֮٣ûɽټɽµˮպҪٰᣬֿɲܴ
ߴճ쵽䣬ʵöӣֻôӦʱһӤӤȥߡ
ɽ죬ճŽ磬Żû߶Զɫ԰΢΢ӤӤʶߵߣʾӤӤߡ
ӤӤȫû뵽ٶֱһʱֱӴӺ汧ȡЦ
ƽʱܰҲѹӤӤô㣬㿴ӤӤôأ
˼ӤӤᣬŵĨֱɽܣ˶ӵС
ҿĸûпɰСﱧЦ
һЦܿ콩ϣֻ͵ԳƵ
ҿҲܿɰ

ӤӤɽܵ÷ɿ졣


10 
ˮвأɽţ֪һΣӤӤȥ
ɽһʯС·ֱͨˮҪһƬ֣ʱƵľɷïިˬ
յľɫɵϢ
ץĺװƿͷ׵ĵչ·Żòʵ⣬ë׷ƽ˼ֲθС
ƿڱʩĿռչȥֻһСƿӣȴӵƿںѣ֮
ӤӤһۣ֪ôôץôƯĺֻըգ۾ܿ׽ƿ͡
ʱͻȻ춯
һʦõһۣصҴ壬պ˳·
һ·ϣ򵥵ضݡӤӤĬĬ
ҴˮȥؾһСӡһصİӣҴԱĶƾ˹ֲԼԼƤѪۡԱⵣԼҶǱʲôסˣʶڡ
ƾȻ˺۶࣬ѪҲ٣ûΣգߣҲǸͽ׵ֵܻǲʲôΣյģǵӷǵ˹ȥ
Լ񲻶࣬ǲ١ʲôλ֣ܾŵĴ󰸡
ȻλɽĴ󰸲࣬궼δһΡϾҪʱ緢󰸣ƽ
һ˵Ҵ壬ҵǷźŵĵӣ正ǰеģĿǰʮ꣬ΪǶжΡ
һһֱӴ
ͬû࣬˶һȷ˷ֹ正ȥ˽
ǸĴլóЩʲӭԱҲ޷ڸסĳݡ
ںլһֿЦ졣
Աæȥլһƿţֻһӱΰ㵸
е
ǰӵڣ˵ƾȫϸ˿ڣĺû趼У󲿷ֲ
ֻһΪ죬ƾͷһ˿ڣԼܴ˿ڷ϶ͷҪ˿ڻڲϣƾѾˡ
ƾţз߶š֪ˡҲˡҰɡ
һȦȻ
ĳӤӤֻ֣վһߣ歽
ʱֹס˿˽ǵһζִȴⱲӼΪĻ档
ƽִĹƾ䲼·ҪаƳµķ֮棬ķ٣ɽһ˳ȥ
ȻƾͻȻֱǿҪƾȻаϣ歺òѿƾʱƾŰѵֱֱҪĨӡϽȥ˵ƾļ
Ϊж㣬歲ſסƾ󼱴ҴѶϢŨ̶ҲʵܶԿġ
歵ĿһΪĴܣ裬ƽޱӴڼȴʵʵİӱסӻҪǿ
оԼȫˡ
Ա歵ĿߣˣһӣԼȹҶӣɷҧҶһڡλʦǧƭˣ
㡭
歸ոֹסޣԱһҧ̲ס޳æһԾĬ
λʦҶˣƽʱ
ƽʱΣ
Աʱ˻
ֻģҲʡгһľֳһӣƾͷһ
һĶ᲻أ˻ʲôͨЧȴͼӰʱ䷿֮еŨһźƾؿð۳һӰѸٳȥ
аúܣ֪ǣĳΪ͵Ůȥ
Ů֮Ȩ⣬ЮһŮΪʣǸµʿܿѡӤӤ
ŮϢȣ磬ԸҪЮ
ӤӤ㽫ЮʱȴйԲԾĸоƫƫ˵ӦʱԼѾſķֱֱȥת䷽򣬿Ѿˡ
аһͷײſϣʹһһײܵĽ࣬һ˲ͱ廨
аڱ֮ǰӤӤ߿һۣһʱӤӤĿ˵뼥ڽ
ء
ŭţŮʲôˣôֻһŮӲǰѱӵĻ֣
һ


11 
ӤӤϣһԼ֡
ո֮èײſϣΪȡ˴ˡ
ʧȥˣȻᵹù˵ùȿˮһȡܺߣùķҲǧٹ֡
è׽ù鰸ƾתѣ֮еòŮӣ۵¶һ˿а
һཻǡôһһ飬СһȻûüΣӡ
ƾ촽
Ŀ⣬ɫҰףȻƾѾ˼Ӱ
ץסԼ彣ҪƾǰһҪ
аѳԱԼõĳľɫ
Աı£òʦ޲ߵèǰ͸δ̵èӣҲһæϳ
ˣӤӤߡ
ȵλʦԱæ׷ȥƺ˸ոյ£ЦҿͷѾʰˣʦסһ߰ɡ
̲סӤӤ²ۣסһѡô
СӤӤ˵ģû˵˼ܿһǱظһģһĻ
󣬲ֻ
ֻè
Աʼãλʦ˵ƾð֮ǰСʦʦǡʦǱϡ
ò˵ԱƤʵӤӤ۽硣
Ȼڼ̡
ת正ʦòŶףһΪִʦôһˣ
ϽӵǸίУ˵ֻҪһŮ޵ִҿ߾ˡ
еʱίȷʵָԱ𣬾мҷϽĸŮլʣУʶרŻίŮޡıȲָҪһЩ
˵ļңаĻǸˣֻίŮ޾ͺֵȶˡ
룬ʶԼ˶ôԵļƣ̲ס˲ᣬӦʶģҡ
ӤӤΪ˵Ժ󳤸ԾͺãûУֱӿԱ⣬ƾ
⸸ˣɫǽ⣺
ûУίʱ뾡鷳ʦپ鷳
˵վǸҺȥöô
˲
Ҫ̲סͷһ٣ʱǵ˼¸ͷ
̲ססڣҪͷ
һץס󣬼֣ΪҲô
Ƕִйˣ֪ҪǴ˹ŴõӰ죬żţҲֻȰ̡
Ҳǲأ󣬽彣
˶ûԣֱתȥƾƽＫɫֿ⼸Ůӣ͵سȥװҪл֮ȴʹӤӤһơ
ȻӤӤҲˤƾϷŹᣬȥӤӤҪ޶һˮֻӤӤָ⣬ͱһŲȵ˵ϡ
ȻСôҲߣȳҪƾʹôУʱӤӤӵϱ
ӤӤϢˣ㣬߰ɡ
ߣ
ǱܵؽץСûעκɲϣȱˣŵƾӵԱ󣬹Ǻţ
ɱˣ
ɵҪɱˣ
һýҴ˶׷ܳϷҵļҶ֪ܳʰͽΧס
ϷĴ۷׷ף
ɱˣҿҵСҵİɣ
˭˵ǣСӵУ϶ǿ˼ӳƯϷɷҧһڡ
Ǿǡ
ŰΣ˻ȥɨһԱ⣺
ܺǸ֣쵽
ô˵ѾɡΪҲܶƽ֡
ϾƽвߵİȫƽǰȫȺ塣
ƫ٣ΪάߺͨյĹϵ̨һء
Ŀѹ֮£ҼҶҲϷ˷׷ÿһ·뿪
ƾ׷Űҽţˤһ׼Ĺеء
ͻȻ䷢ǰһɫƵߣոˤһ֮ϡ
ǰɫĵѣǳɫĵҺһɭĿⶢſѪڡ
Ϸ˼һĻ׷׼ɢ

ȡèƾ˵ˣӤӤõ֤Ż㱨
è׵ˮƽȷʵӦԵġ鱨õ񣬲Ӱӵִ
歶ǧл
ֻҪݸɽʱèڴ
ҲȥƾʲôҪȥȺ˰ͬԣ޺ҵĺӣôͲܹܣ
èſǻƾŰɱǵ飬һȥСèԣƾʱѣʱСèûۣƾõһֻһֻݺˤڵϣСèǻδ£ͱһ̯̯Ѫˮࡣ
Ҳδ˼ƾֻʮǸѵԺҪèһ壡ƾʲôҪҵ
ݲѣԼҽӣŹè
ˣûпܵıҪԹĹء
ʦ㣬ʦ㡣歸ȥ
֪˵ʲôҡҡͷ˵ò٣
ЩأΥֺ̧һ歴ӵϷȰȥһῪǰ
һ
ץ֮Ǽ̴Ͼޱ˵ֻΪ֡΢ܸά޵Ĺϵ
ģδ˾ûῼĽ顣
ӴȡһֽΪī֤ܿ
ӤӤд֤д
Ӳȫˡ


12 
˳Ŵ·ǰߣߵͷˮ
ˮϼʢһдż۷ĵڴСﴩ󣬺ò֡
˴ȻǷ䣬һ㻹ʯǽϵҲвٷģֻЩȼֻܵͣͨ˷ãһ㶼ۡ
û¹ɽһеĸ⣬ϱȥ
ãСʶŷϡʲôǴСŮԣ֮ĶΪȤϰ￴İ֣ݹһС
λСӻôġϼӣǰʱҲŪһԭϣҪǺСԵҲóϼúܣ˵ߴ磬ϢС˺аСҪҪԡ
ӣ´ţԼϣɫӳĵѩһȷʵϰ˵Ӵϵ˲䣬ӤӤ͸оϢʧˡ
¼ǵϼǱ߲еġ¶ϼζãϰָ㡣
ǰǺڣϰҲûЦ
Ҳǵĸǰиôһ˵ҪЩߡѴĶЩͭʲôģҿҲûʲôõģΨһϼҾõĶҲô߲ǣֻһ˵ʣµĲϾ͸ˡôõĲϲҪײҪʹһǾúãţǮʲôĶ
Ȼô˵ϰ￴˵װ֪ǲǮˮϼߵ˲࣬ͼͨˣʵǮߡ
˵æһϻ淭һӣݸӤӤ
ͨ嵭ƽ΢΢͸ڲƺܿϼתʷŵϼ֮ӤӤսӴӣоڵǹۼָͣһȥƺڰ
ӤӤֿ˿ӣֻ廨·һգһʯΪ꣬˳˾䣺ϰﻹǵ˳ʲôô
ǵüǵáϰʯЦúϲ£죬ԼӸ߰ͷߴ࣬ƤĿƤеֱ̣һ߶һԺ۾Ź˵ġȻǿˣҲúúд˼˵ǣ
ĿƵĻǾŵˣ˳ʡ
ԭǾŵʦ鲻ʶʦˡöӴͽ̡ϰЦ
ӤӤ˵š
ͬͬŵͬ޵޽Լ޸Լϣ޵תΪʹáط޵ĵȼֻ࣬Ҫ˴˶ͬԼ˵õ߽Լŵĵڵͽʱѹͬɵӵս֮󣬾ŵսͿʼˡ
ϱʱ򣬾ǵһħ˵š
Ǽҵ뿪ֵ֮ĽֵߣȻ鿴ʲô⡣ӤӤ֪ո϶⡣
ԼҲΪʲôŵ˻ᵽˮ֮ʮ֮Уں;ŶڵмŷɽȺͻƷɡŶԼΧǱҪȥɵ̻ǧܵ£ʵ֡
̫£Ҽſڹ˵һʱ䵽˶塣ĶҪˮתһȦǰ󹩷ݼ
߹϶ͿźױŹϵĳʣӤӤʲôȴĪЩëȻѾ㵽ȻĳŪúܺ¡
Сǵһˮ򿴼ôһЦеسԼϵĵָӤӤҪǮȴϲ˻ȥ
ɲСˮʦǲٰæݣһСҳݡСҪǲ͵СӽƵġ
ƴ˺һϰ巽ʯӤӤʯգ۵ӣаۡ
Ũ֣
ţ
Ȼѩƽʱĵر֮϶̲ʲôΨʯһֶѩ𲢲ôѩûжٳ׵ȫûʶʯ˹ϡ֮⻹ʲôá
˼̻𷱻ȻɽųʱرգҲӦõȥʱˡȥӸŮ˼и㣬ʽ֮ҵæȻҲܴΪɹڵĺá
һ׼뿪ˮ֮ʱֻһе
λѣ


13 
仰һӤӤ뵽֮ǰǾϤġһ仰ߵĵʿûһк³ġ
תֻһ°۵վ£ǳЦϵһס˼ɡ
ˣӤӤͫ΢
ϱˣ߮ǷɽȹĴӣҲԭ֮ߵнɫ֮һֻǰˢʺܸߣھһ鶼ûСǷ׷׻߸˻߮ˡ
ȻҪ֪һõĺҪԵͺ߮ܲɷ֡ʱӦܲŵһμģôǰôࣿ
ӣλСʦá߮ǰȭʩ񣬡·ɽȣ߮
ȻԷ̬ƣڵ˱Ҳ׷׻
ӤӤ߮Ŀϣʶ̧ͷ߮һۣǡ߮Ŀԣ߮ʶԼʧæתĿ⡣
߮۷壬ûţԡƹӡƣڼ򵥿׺֮߮ŵͼ
ǰĳڷɽȽӵһţֻĳһǰˮĳ䧹ŵѾĨˣĳʵںǺεȸܴɽȵĽֱĳĳֻǰδʱ֪ڣӺ
ֶʵЩ塣һۣƺ֪߮廹ȵΪ޷⡣
ԥƬ̣ƹŻô
ˡ߮˵ţӻһţݸ
վӤӤߣŵĽӽӤӤȻоǿħûɵ궯ӡħǹһʱûӦֱħ˷ӡ
ǿҵʹӤӤһٶҪһţЩҽгҧס˴ֻһԽĺʧȥʶ
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ʱˮһջԱߡʱѾˮ쳣һֲҰ׵Ĺϣɱ
ոճħʱֺúõرӡħƺöԲ쵽ѣֺ֮һ߸
ֻ֮в߮ӤӤĵһ󲻺õԤС
ӤӤѣһ˵ǰڸоô廹ôոա
ɫƳһۣûѸո˵ϵĴƬѪӤӤոԼǰŻˡ
ںöˡӤӤͼοû£ϴٻѪ³ͺöˣûʲô¡
ˮǲǷʲô
ˮ򲻿ʲôĿǰѾ֪źͷɽȵ˶˵ɵߣһƽƽ˼Сܻ㼯ôȻ
ǷħţǸ߮ˡ
ӤӤĿڷ֮ɨɨܿƳſڵϷһţΧŵķӡӤӤʶȥã´ͱ˻ȥ
ҪǲĻǷš
ʦ㡭
Ҫ£ǰͻʱٻڡ
Ǽʲôô
ӤӤ۾ʡ
תĿ⣺ڻСûҪЩ¡Ǽ飬Ҳ
ȥ֮ˣ׷׵֮Уô
ӤӤѵô׿˾ȵ֪Լ¶ˣûһ¶Եĳɾ͸УԽԽȥ
⵹ȷʵǾߣֻǰˣúǰһʱ䡣
ˮ֮йһֻʼҲΪ飬ʶ𲻶ϡбսңսڼǷ׷Ա˭Ҳ˲øϹĲϣ֪ʱ뿪һҹ
뿪֮һ֪Ӻδаռ죬ͨѾθڣҪ˵Ļ
ȻⱻΪаȻУҲͻư˽жΣһٳ˽۷壬Žֻһ֮
ӤӤô֪ġӤӤ£ӤӤ۾
ӤӤܲĻɣ΢΢һתܿдʣ㣬Ǹոջʱμˮ֮ϡ
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һڣĻˡҩţЩŵ
ƹ˳ֱãҳӤӤ㲻ȥ
ӤӤνԼȥȥؼҪȥ
ҪﲻаսôڽӽŽʵаѹ֮ͻ
ĲȥôӤӤļ¸ոƽϢ˵ЩμаֻʦЩ
ָϣ£ӤӤ㻹μʲôˣ
ӤӤȻСľȴԶԶǿͬˡǿСӺ׻УҲǸոӤӤˮ״ΡְȻûо֮ͣҲвǰء
ȻҲ֪ӤӤجιڲ̣֪ô¡ӤӤͻȻѪԺǾˮ֮еɧҡ
ĶƺƵ߽֮Ҳûǳдӵĸ˽ɷһԷȥߴɷ
һȻ˼һ֮Уеͷµϳǵȴõ飬˵Ĺֲ
Ҳ֪аң߶аĸ֪쳣еġȻҲȥκͨҽĲ·ӤӤֻ߮һԼȴӤӤؿջϢ
ҲûиκϢԽԽ
ԣսʱҲŲϣôһԲûʱ䴫ţ޷š
ǣȻô£ˮ֮ûʲôаϢóϢа׼ʳҪĶʱҲ¶ԭͣһϢ¶
㣬Դͷаˮģһа񡣡ӤӤ˵̫̲סֲزǵѪ˿ס촽
˵ӤӤ֪ˣ͸С˵ȥͶټûֳҲ˵ʲôӤӤĻǸͻƿڣ˹ȥͬʱյĻţ
а죬


14 
յѶ֮ʶ˲á
֮ǰ򲻵ʱǲȥԮġϵаС
ָָתһɫĻ£ŮסڶӤӤϼӺ󣬷Ѱȥ
ȻҲӶԴڿջѡӤӤҪҲҪаǶ˵岻ݴǵ顣
ͨϼϢأӦ㹻ŵаϾϣӳıȵӵʵҪߡ
ʱǽⰲʲôûһֻΧ⣬һˮıĤ֡
ǽ硣
ʶҪ̽飬ȴ˻ҿʶ̣ҪǾЩˣķ㹻ʶܵش
ǰ̬Ѿͨаˡ
ܿӤӤ˵ˮ֮ˣεа

ӤӤ⣬ȻⱲûеĻԵĪмľ
֮еǹƺоĺ£ֱϲȥë׵СһԼķʽ
ӤӤ˵ʹʦ㣬᲻££סֱۣűĲϣӤӤܸоĲ
ȻҲȥκӹףȥܶʲôæΪǶġҪֻеȡ
ӤӤȥξ顣
һӣжаľѾˡаңϱǰа񣬵Щаеδ˶õĻᡣаˮѪϴһա
ϱӵĽѵ֪κοܶҡԭ鷢չ飬ܷľֲע˺ѻȥ
ӤӤɵƳһۡ
ÿϱĩ絶ʡʱʮ꣬
»£ۼˮаĵϡ䣬Ȼʱڵǰ˲٣аļܴźԭв̫Զ
аȻóþҪԻߵֶλڻþ֮в»õֻȻ»ãǶ岢졣þ˽˵ڶþ֮а㿪ʼͷŶþɱɡ
⻹ʼǰˣЩֶѲסǰסǳ־õġаһݣҪҵǼܵ顣
аʵ㲻̫ǿŽ׵ߴܻǲԶˣѾаֶιڹ졣
ԭһŵȷ󷨵ܣŵеǽ䣬촿֮壬ƴǰᡣֻǲ֪ӣλڲС
Ӧûǲڵġ
ǰԭߣˮа֮²ͻȻֵģڶΧ˵Ĵ󰸡
ڡ
ϵʦô
ӤӤԼǵãԼϵʽӦǼҴܣϱֻ֪δʡ
ͷĳһɫ΢Ө¹֮תŸ߽ʥϢ
ҺҽеĸӦʽͬűӤӤ˵ʲô
ӤӤж˱֮С
Ȼ֪ӤӤ⣬ˡȻСȴĳ·ȫϣϡ
ܿӱ֮дҺ֮⣬зɽȵ߮ӣŵĳӡӤӤĺˣǺܻܿȥ
ûбô
оǸͷβаˡ׷ǵļһҪҲܽ˵Ļ˵ţ׷ǵʬ׷׶ɱ񣬵ʬ̫ˣƤ͵úܣֻܶ᲻ܷ飬Ҳ޷ݻ١
ôĶͷһμҲʶԡϾЩʬǸոյˮ屾Ϊģͣ϶ͲǵǸѲϵ
߮˦һƬһҵ׷ʬ֮ϣҧָһεҽʬס˴ϢĿռ䡣
ӤӤ㻹μʲôĻֱӤӤĶԻ
Ҳѿ󾿾ʲôʼʱ򱾲óȻ󣬵κ粢ΪĹ̶ԭأŴӽΧҵʱ򣬽ѾȻƶС
û취ֻͬѾ߮ϣû߶ԶͿһͬݽеߣŵĳ
ҵʱѾ˵ڶþ֮УֻȰѳӻþ֮հѳؽ֮еһþʬ㽫ǰΧ
ʬĹǺܿ췢˲Щʬֱʬ壬һǿƤͣ޷ˡ
ƣÿһֻʬǰ˽׳ڵʵ־ȥ˶Ҫתսֻ֣ҵ֮
ӤӤ뽫֪Ķ˵ڴʱȻñһ
һһѪ罦˱֮ϡʶסȵŮӴҹɫ֮и֣ϧķ˳ȥ
ؾ֮иħŮˣ
ϤʹϯӤӤڴһţԺֻоŮ˱ָ׻գʶҪԼľȥȡŮӵˣʧˡ
۵־壬ҲܸоԼȡŮӵʱŮ˾һһ˿֮һ
־֮УƺŮ
Ȼôлл㣬Сһ㣬֪ͨҵĵ
ĹӰǰӤӤץűƴ죬Ϣ˳ȥ
þǡ塭Ǹˡܡ


15 
ɫ˸һ£˲ӤӤǾ䡰ܡһʧ١ɫ΢΢ˡ
֪ӤӤǳˣҲֻܰο
ӤӤǱӦûʲô¡ֻǡ
̧һֻ֣ʾؼ˵ȥֱӳһĻ£Χס
£ҵķʬǲҿֻΧ̽ر
ǡøԲߵĻᡣ
Ǹˣôô죬ǡӺףһ°λүʲ󷨹Źֵúܣλү
Ǿŵˣͬ޵ദɲͬɺȻǺϵ޻ǲΥߵ޵޽ԼҪްæȨֱӲɡ
ô˵һۣ˵ͷÿͱһš
ͬ޽Լ֮ޣ߰ӡȻޣɻΣɼΪ֮񣬾ѩ˰Ҫһˡ곣һɽҩʱײ˰ӵһһһ֮ΪʶͬԼ
Ϊǰ˽۷壬ϣκһα涼ǽǵĲࡣҪаΪҲضá
߽жΣ߮۷壬Ÿոͻסڰ˽״ǰһʱϡ
ֻˣˮСطҲûˣÿ궼伫ΪϣҲ޵˸ߵΪǡ
߮ƹӲǿʶ֪ˮԭ
߮˼Ƭ̣֮ǰô֮ǰʱĲع֮ĳʱѾɷ档ƲӦһĸױһܶӵּأΪ飬һȶʢ֮ǧҪݼ
˲ԣˮǹʲôˮĪǡ
δ䣬ԼЩŹ֣Ƥ泤һɫĹ춫Ӳһ
Ƴһۣˮ񣬿±ڵа
ɣ
֮ǰݼ
۾
һǰˮץһֻ·˳·˸㡣Ҫʱ֪Ǹһа㣬ֱӰν
ͬƬҲ߮ͳϡ
ʵҲڼ֮ϰݹ񡣡߮οڣʱҲԼϵĲԾһš
δ֪аʱ־顣
ҲǡźͰӹֻͨ˰ǵ۾Ͳ˽ƬùͻȻȫûӦôôˣ
ʱָ֣ϵƬϣһ΢Ļ硣
ɾܻ΢ЧȴͼӰġƬǿ־ʲôһѸ䡣
ǰٿһ
޷
˻֣۾ȥ˽硣ʱõʬǣسʬƺ˺Ƭǡ׽
ڴʱ˫ֺʮϥϽȴڴʱĺʢţԶ翷·ԽǧµĵϷһ룬ͬʬ˳ȥ
֮УϸոճƬѸˣ»ָԭɫ
죬ô𾪣߮Ҳ񣬵ֻһ˫˫˹ȥ
Ŀô
ǵؿ־޴ӰŮӣᣬûڴش
ɫĻһӵķ󣬷ɢһʱᵽ¡۱ܿΧĻþռѾ˿˿ѡ
ѡӤӤѶϢ
þаı塣
ҲһֱҲ۵ԭаɻ۶ȻǣʱƶֻҪסǣĲʱԻΪ֮
а־պɢаǾˡ
ߵһҲ֮١ħ֮еķˣ˺ڶ࣬Ѫͳϡ˴ŵѪиûʲôôȴ˺ܷѪͳᴿһǷΪѪֻѪȻеĵǡҲֻѩ֪ܡ
Ѫ㹻ȥٻӦˣʮޣҪһӽŽ׵а󷨲ѡ
ֻٻ棬ѳ޽ٵѹ潵ٻҪΪҪʧһ
ֻаܳδɴ򣬽һɱаȴҲ

ǽ֮ĺҫĿһɫ֮£ͬԵĳӤӤͷΪ֮һ
ڵǹ궯ţȻѹħӤӤܸоǹǰǽǺ֮¡
ӤӤԽþס
ǵķ屾Ӧڼ֮ײ˹зŴɣôھͷųˣ
ֻͻư˽ʱʹ߽֮жΣԷ١
ʱȻڱǸŮ͵Ϯ֮ǸŮ˻ͨ
ǸŮ˲ȥ˰ɣ
ӤӤҪ´סӤӤҪľʱһӰȻǰ
üƽͣѩѩ
ӤӤú֡
ѩĵӤӤһɣºѩһ顣ѩ˵ͷгԼԼףŮɽϡ
صɽҵոҲŮһƣΪ˷ֹʲôˣæһ죬ȷԼûʲôºæӤӤӤӤ벻ɽȥ
ּĳͲܼġҪǻƽʱѩôӤӤֻ׻͡ɼ֮Σ
ſҵӤӤӤӤеӣ֪ʲô
ܿϳӣһʱ˵ʲôζҲֻӤӤߡ
ϱڴˣִʱҲԼľиͻȻʶϱӵʵвͨġ
Ҫһζˣ㾫ǿվҲһ˿ϱӱץʱܶûܡ
֮ϼȡŲˣոһͨԸоԼ˾ҪĴҪǲ켳ȡܿͻɥ
Ǹ˵Ů˽Ӵ֮ʱʧƺ֮ǰĿ졣ԭֻһС׷Ů˽Ӵʱ񱻵ӻһټǸŮûˣΪʲôܻȥӦΥλ淨˰ɣ
ӤӤ˼⡣
ǲŶ󣿡ҡҡͷסӤӤֱۣʹʦôʱҲһġ
ô󡭡

뵽ϱӵսʮŮӤӤһʱ絶ʣԼǿҪӿѪ
ҪӦңʳԡ


16 
ˮа֮¾ڶţŸʱֻڵѾ½þа֮ҵưᡣ
Ҫ֪аĵǴ£֮ǰаûһβʬҰѪƯֵĳ档ˮа֮ҾȻֻмʮѣһʱŶԼӵ鱨ʲô⡣
ιȻһɫλӺײ߽ףôԽӽŽ׵аȫˣ
ʵʱսԼļҲģ
Լɹٻ˵ǿʹаԳ˱塣վ޷ȫܹķɣ׼˱аնɱ֮ʱ֧ȥ
ʱ򣬻ʱʲôļߴŷ˾ڴ͸аʱ㽫аĨˡ
аˮǰ෢սңаǴ˵صԹ鼯ɣǿ˵ľǣռԭλȡԭλټϴ˵𹩷ʵʶ֮ʤļϣѹֲסԾǵĿ˵һɱ
а⼸ΪףŪǵĶȤζˮת˲ܱɡ
ŵ˿һЩΨɽȵĺ;ŵ˶ѩ̬ȸУϾ߮ͳǷɽȺ;ŵĳɫӣлִɵˡǼ궼ɽһİӸ˴˴Զڱл⡣
˿ȥƷмɵ㲢ûн
һ߮ͳΪʲô߮ŵ˾˭ӤӤ֮еǸˣ²Ǹؾ֮еĺŮˣȻǸŮΪʲôʱ֣
ʱƮ˶У״үˣٸһλᣬһܰץⲻȥϵϴүôûвŴүʵ˼
ץ
ǹ˵ģ
˸ۣûڳʱʣǳһгװ׵ѩдʱ򣬼͵͵ϯԼҲ˳ȥ
Ȼ߶߶ѵⳣֻЦǸʱͻȻһ䣺
Сɡ
ܱӷ֣Ҳη壬ǰʩһ񣬰ӿ˳һһ䡰ȥɡæ˳ȥ
һ˲ֱӻæӣеŲҡ
СˣϷϷϷܲ𡣡ӶżӣһС˼ϷʩⲻǸϷףϷ˵㲻ǽĹء
ЩҪǰش˼ζ԰ӿѯʳΪʲôҪʱ򣬱ĵ
СˣϷΪʲôСӻôӶ֮ͫһ˿ƣСҪ˵ãҸ£СǷ㻹ˡ
ģΪʲôײĺԸԼޡһͷ
Ҳʲôܡ˸ͽ͵˾ŵһˡС׷ͽġֻͽúܣˮ˦˳СӡСӲһȥˮͽʲôʵôСˣ
һ˼ǰһսӵһ䡣֮ɫȻֲ̧һ硣

ӤӤ֮ʱԸоϵϢͬˡԭǷҫ۽֮˥˲٣ߵߣڡ
˸һӴӤӤβܿһڵǹƺӴʲôȸԾ
ӤӤʲôôһʡ
ӤӤɽµ飬ȴԼûɶʣֻʱҴҸĿڣ
㣬ѧ
ƺû뵽ôʣһסʱһԵˣ
ӤӤ㻹С֮²ȵЩ˵
Ҳµġ
ϱǿľľһϲܿ۷֮ӵԼһϯ֮ءʲôûУûͬЩվһʸ
ӤӤƺ˵ʲô֣ס
Ȼ룬ǡ
˵תߣӤӤ´ͲæȥʱʱʱԶʱŪʲô
ҿ϶
ԷԶһƬ֣첽ǰߣӤӤʼСܸϣܿʧ˷ʺϤѪǰһתֻܳ΢΢ҵϢ
ǹܣֳһ֮ߣ˳ת
лл
˵һǹֵú˷ܣ˿佱ĺӡ
˵ӦóǱߡӤӤ̽Ե
ϣ˲䡣
ұߣ
ֵúܻ
ﶼڵĵؽ磬ҲʲôΣաԭĻԵжҲûʲô
ÿһ·ڣӤӤҪߣܿжϡ˳ָʱ㵽־ͷǰһƬȻʡ˴ֻһΪ죬ɢŴ̹ǵĺ
ӤӤηæӴָȡһɴ멣ϡԽﺮԽʢϻݾҶ϶һ㱡
ߣڶһ裬ӤӤϺԼůһ·ߵ˶ſԴ
һ̶
̶̶ˮǼλɫʵɫ̶֮ϵӻűɫˮǱɡһɫӰ֡
ҵ
ɫӰȻں̶ߣ·ͷһ㶼ûմʪӤӤע⵽ĽĲı֧ں̶ˮߡ
ǻôôʹñԵ
ƺɻӺ̶˳Ǻܻбڶһ֣ܻѧġ
ҪʲôأӤӤʡ
ԼҵΪҪ㶫Ҳ̫˵ȥˡ
һԵĸ֦ѱһȼӤӤæչȥ£ں̶֮üֱҪܲˣҪûоԼʱпܶ
ڽ֮ǰмҪ㡣£þ⺮̶֮ˮȫûƣӤӤȸңһ֣㱾Ӱ


17 
ӤӤʵһȫ֪Ӧλش⡣
һ˼ĴԽߣʲôϵҲ
ʦûиЩҲǲ²⡣̾ϢһӤӤʱ㽫Լ½£ӤӤϣ˵˻첻ಡʶǲҲˡȻ㲻֪Ҳա
ûй׷ʣӤӤ˿ڲʮСӣ˵Լʲô֪Ҳû˻ỳɡ
֮ǰӦòʲôɣӤӤ
ǻӤӤԹԻش
ĻΪǼ֮һ𡣵κܲסеǿУҪľѹڵŰ
Ȼǻ䡣ЦһӤӤ̲ס̧ͷȥ
ļ֮УûЦԶ鵭Įƺ͸ΪԼЦЦ
ʲôϵأ̶һϮӤӤ˽£Ǳ߿˿ڻǺЩ̲סȺȦ
һСŮԱԼһȦ·Եø⽿Св֪һֵЩɽаʱϼܺߵͬ飬ǻϻ˲ٸӵС
Ҹȥϰҩǽ󲿷ʱ䶼а˵ȫ
ҩʺľȥУʺϽӤӤƵػش𣬡ﲢû츳ҲȤ롭
ӤӤŴ һزѪſѧ˲
ΪʲôҪѧ˲ȻΪܰ
ҪǰħץĥɲϱһɵץԼܷŹˡ
Ȼƺ濼һϰ˲Ŀԡץ֣סš
֮ǰҿڶʦʦ㴫ʱ򣬾һ¾͹ȥˡҲѧҪѧͲô·ֱתƹȥͺˡӤӤ˸ڡ
ȻĿŵñȸոЩӤӤʱ֮΢˵ͷ
ҵ˲֮бȽϸ߼ģһǧڻѧˡƺʧܿ첹䣬ҿԽȽϻģ˲Ӿ롣ҵҲеġ
˵ţվֻʱξӤӤǰʧӤӤʶعͷֻǡվ
òһ˿ۼ·ƾʧƾճһʹϢҲĨȥڲˡ
ò˵Ҫʵս֮УǶڰɱ˵ʵǸ֮ЧļɡȻҲܡ
Ϊ鲽һǧǰҪʲôӵķھȷ㣬ʹԼпƶҪƺʹõԼԤҪĵط˶٣ӤӤ֣ҴһΣһ¡
ӤӤסֻ֣һ𡱣ʱ屻һУӦѾվ˾ոռԶĵط
êķϱ޵õԾêʽ֮ͬ˵ϰӦҲǺѡҪȴǰһڣԵС
ʱԼϱӾΪʲôר棬ϰǲ룬ǲܡ
ӹǣ΢һڵྭͳܲסѵʹʱ㹻Ҫ
ڵ쵽ܿɢ̻ѵľ֮޲
ڼκ֮䣬ӤӤվҲûֻķ֮ЩǣԽ䡣
鲽ǲҪĶģһӤӤܲҲζţӤӤǰһǿǿ
֮ڣ֧󲿷߶ֱΪзʽ;һԸ˵׺ڷԽ棻ǰԲݣв׵ˮƽӦĽʱ״̬ΪͻƲòʱŵһߣתרͻʱ߻ħ
ȻҪҪⷢչκεӺġֻŪȱͻơж̰󲿷ֶǾƿ﷦ζɬѶܽ侫׼Ҫ൱ࡣ
ӤӤԼľһʱҲȲСһԼƺһŮӰڽɫĴм䣬Ŀ񣬷𣬾

̶֮вգӤӤҲ֪Լϰ˶áڼӾѸԼʹڵǲ䷳ؼʱ޲Ҳ֧ŵڵԭ
һԿûҪߵ˼ƺֻҪѧᣬһֱԱȥ
֮棬ʱӿڽв䡣ֻҪ̵סʹ֮¶êɹתƹȥˡ
ӤӤ򴽣Ŀǿŷֳһ
êɹ
һ˲ƾճȷоӤӤĲЩȻӤӤյ֮죬תӤӤ佱䡣㿴ӤӤֱͦͦˤȥ
СŮɫҰֽһ˿ɫ˫ڵ۾΢΢ȥ쳣̺Ѫ˿ʵ֬
㡭ҳɹˡӤӤУ΢˷ܡ˷ܵβܿͱٵĺûʧȥʶֻ֧Լ˵ȥ
жݣĵⷺ𵭵ӤӤ츳֮ȴУô彡ʱ֮ȴ̰ݻ䣬ʵϲԲ
ܲˡӤӤͷûмڼʱʹ鲽úܺá
ȵĿ϶ӤӤ΢㡣˵ȴƲסӺӿѪҺȻ֮ؽӣû޺õģֻʹÿһκʹѡ
ڵǹȻҲ޲ߣֱֻܷΧסҪǲٶ񻯡
ʱ㵱ѧĿ졣
֮ӤӤƺͼ۾ȥķ򿴣ֻһ˫۾һȶҺĿС
Һ븹оԼů¯ߣӶůġ
ӤӤ۾˯˹ȥ


18 
ܽѪָġǹʽ΢Цϥ£ģҲ˵ģұܣҲ㱣زǣ
Ѫһ£ȷʵҪܡһּΪص֣˵ޣɳ֮ΪħҷѪ֮мҩĻ¯ٴ졣
Ϊʲôˮаǰ棬Ψһһлȥķȴûڻ֮
ڲа£ǲҪġٽҲ벻һаƽ׵سڲ۵СϣûκԤס
ֻȻûڵ״Ҳֹۡ
ڣһĸѾԶԶܳصķ롣ɽµδֻ⺮̶֮УѹסڻδϨʴķ
ʦǸа̾ǧǰһλߵһҹ֮ͻȻģҲ֤һ¡
Ѿˣ
ͷ
޷Ǳ𻯷λǶڴ˼֮ˣٳļεΰҲ䣬ʵ㵡
Ӵָ֮ȡһ飬ݸ߮Ӳ鵽ģеϡ
鿴˼У̾һҲѹ֡ôµֻ޷ΪʲôҪǡ
Цˣаı岻һ΢ЩǵˣżȻõòĶΪҲԼһһġԼ֪Ǹ˰ˡҲʶ޷ԼȫʵȻҲ˳ɻύ
̸Ļ˿Ҳûзϡа֮£Ȼȥһ䣬ܸоʲôû
ӤӤСѾͷ㵹ǺϰйɲҪľ߷ߵӤӤڵǸħȻӡסҪǲǸǸͷô
һߣҡҡͷ
ڤˮ֦ô
֮һܵôн飿
֣⻰ɲ˵˭֪߸ǣһ𣬶붼Ǹεҿɲ뱻̨ĿС
Դǧǰǳħչսſְӡħ֮˼λͺˡ
޻֮Ϊ񣬶ѡɽ֮С뻯ֱ֮׼ģε޺ױ׽ãС˵̨Դһֻ۱һֻۡв߶׵ȥ׽ޣɱƷߵҩ
¶֮٣ڤˮ֦֮һ֮ĴڣΪҪȥ׷ɱһҴ棬ǣЩ˵ȴûһֱӹϵ
֪ˣ˭ÿ鱨Ҳࡣڤˮ֦棬ҽǶģǱ˵صˣֻҪܳŵڤˮڤˮܾȻ
һڤˮ֦Ӧòҽΰɣ
ⲻôˣѪֶ첻˼١


ӤӤʱ򣬷Լڶ֮УֻѾӦ˶ĺѾûôˡһ̶ˮʱȻһҪݽȥĳ嶯
̶ĵطӯʺ֮أڴǿ塣̶ֻأΪʵĿ鶼Զء
̶ܺĺ˵Ѿܲˣֱӽں̶֮УоԼѰ·ûʲô
ȥô

ӤӤعֻƺԼ˸Ůһ㣬òˡ
ϵ֮ҲָһЩӤӤԿЦϳ֮⣬˵˶ʱָֻʧķݶ
ȥҲҡӤӤС˵Ҫں̶ĻҲ͵ġ
޷ӤӤļͷȥܻס㡣
֪ôģӤӤڵǹƺҲԾԾӦˮ
ӤӤ˼ץ䴥ʱԭء
ܲȶڵҲƺܶಫ
ĸٷĺ֢
ӤӤһ
ϾڵΪ߽жΣٷվ޷еҲѹûѡں̶ĵطҪǴ˴̶Ϣѹסڵķ˻𣬿Ѿ˷ˡ
Ӧ뵽ġΪΪŮı¡ǣҲ㲻ߵĸЧ
Ƕħ֮ǰһΪ˾ܷԼ֮ˡ
ĵطˣһԹҲ²Ϊεǽߵ
ӤӤһʱᣬ鲻ԽرסϵĴ󲿷˻עڡ
ҲֻɢķݶȸԼĲ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôӤӤͻȻסƽӤӤЩС̬Ӳ
Ů£ɫ°ڵϣԽԵһֻڷбݲеС뽫ȥϤĺǻ
֪ôӤӤӵʱΧϢƺҲһˣⰲʡֻɾ֮вŻĸо
ĻָٶȣӤӤӵ֮£ƺҲÿ˲١
ӤӤûþɿˣƽɣֱԡĸоʵڹڰݣĲӤӤֿκҲһʽڣҲֻա
鲽㻹ǵô
Ҫҵˣ
ӤӤͷվӯһ˼ԶĵطɼˣһƬëȻ׷ɡ
ܺáͷüԴЦ⣬мķɡ
ӤӤȴЦֻʱŻ
²ɣ
㣬ﲻôӤӤæʡ
Ͼѧʲôʲôʱ䶼ʵͦġ
Ȼѩһ£ѩϧĹȥսϧһ๦ôӤӤܸо״̬ȫǸӵ˶پġ
˵ԵĵطӤӤʵóһ£ԼոǲǿۣûӤӤ»һ¸ոӤӤ鲽Ḷ́ȴûʲô
ÿʹ鲽ԼƵʺص㣬ƼƻӰ϶׷»Ȼ鲽Ҳӯ£͵鲽һӾʢ磬пԻס֡
ܼԼ鲽Ҫ伫Ϊ˽⣬ĳ̶ֳϿӤӤֱⷽš
ҲóԼס˰ʣӤӤԼ˵˵ղŵ鲽ʲô⣿


19 
ӤӤȫû뵽ܽƤ߻ʲô˵ֻԹؿһۣסԼĴ
㣬æǰӤӤȡ
Ѿѧúܲˡ鲻֮ܲ
ӤӤȥСŮȴһᣬֱӵС
ӤӤۣԴֵס
ķֱǸߵů¯
ͬΪŮӣͬʦãӤӤСҲ뵽һ㣬ûнӤӤƿֽӤӤ뻳УԼֱ۵ӤӤͷɵЩ
պ
ں̶ĴϢ̶֮룬ƽϢ̵ڵĸú̶ˮһ㱡ԶԶȥãٷ
ں̶쵽ѩǰѡ
ʱӤӤҲ㣬ʦˡ
Ӻ̶߳ȴѩס
Σ
޷

ѩ̾һԡֻ΢ϢǱӵߣͬĻˣ
ӵڶ࣬ӵڼµķ˻޼ʱܰæģͬԴķ˻𣬱Ҳֻмµͼµҵ
˻ŷѪģҵֻһŻ츳Լ崫У޺󣬱ڻ֮ϡܶζڴĴˡ
ѩӤӤһۣû˵ʲô
һĴߣĹѣӤӤĸף̡
ӤӤҲӤӤȥӤӤĸʱ˾綾ųҲ綾ʴƫƫӤӤڻ̳˹ȥĸѪ
»εģӵ߲ײӵеļ»üԦӤӤʾУҲ޷УʱΣա
ΪӤӤкΣӤӤĸĶ䶼޽⡣ô鵤ɲݣҲܵסӤӤмܡ
ʦ𿴡ʱӤӤվǰɫ԰ףȴżͣһʱѩƺӤӤϿ˹ѵӰӡ
̧֣΢Ļ磬ѩǰʱѩֻԼ͵һЩ˱ܵų⡣
˻棬֮
γ壬Ѿǽշı־֮һ
ӤӤ㡭
ӦǿƹѵĿ⣬ԶԶͬ۵䲻ᶨִݡ
һʱЩݡ
ٳٶҲ֪ӤӤʲô˼ӤӤĵǴػѾ˵һС
ʵҲǺܵԼڵĻ档
˳ӵĻ֮⣬ҲǼΪǿʢз˹Ѫɵࡣֻʱ벻̶Իѹƣݵġ
ΣգҲӵˮβ֮Żֻǻָÿˡ
̻鲽ҪǡŮ԰ϵЦ覣Ծܾ
ѩʵϣѩӤӤȥģӤӤѾԣʦ̵ӤӤӦñȵӽ̵Чǧٱ
ӤӤóڸˡ
ӣվѩ࣬ɡ
ѩ𿪿ڣײ֪ķ˳óͷʹļף
СûĵģѧжˣĸСʮ֮ǰʦʦѧϰܴ˼ҵʦʦѧԼҵľ뵱˦ƹô

һʵƿԡ
ףˡ
ѩ׿һۣ죬ǳķһڣʾͽ䡣
ȻޣѩԼͬѩСƽҲܾס
⻰˵ȷʵеʦʦЩҲаˣԼʦá
ʦ𡣡һѩ𣬵ʱ΢á
ӤӤĿʱȴһҲ֡
֮ǰӤӤʱʱûģԴӤӤΪһ֮ӤӤ׽ڽãһٶӤӤҪ
ڤڤ֮һŴһ


20 
ѩһۣˡΪʦձҪչأϵӤӤ
Ȼչأ
ö˶˵Ĳչأƫʱ
ҪͻơΪʦ֮»һǸһ
ѩ̯֣ĳһ߹ճҶĺɫң׿бմһ㸡Żոµġ
ҿڸһȦĽɫģ֦Ҷ·ĳַӡ
۵ϳ˴𾪵۲Ѿڶǰô
ΪʦҪӺζӡԻģȷķ⿪ͻԻ١
ʱΪʦҪչس˷ӡӤӤͽˡΪʦֻУĳһΪʦߣʦöˣҲҪ֡

磬ӤӤ˲
ӰҪ鶼ҪվϷҡӤӤ˺ð죬ҵҪҵһ
һ֮ռȼ٣ԭһʴϱӸǸûӴйصκ¡
ϾⶼǺܶǰˣ֮Ǹ۵ĵӣΪԹ޹ͬʦֵ裬ͬħ年̨ۡ飬ȫ³֮һʮˣһ⣬ⳡ֮С
ͬħ年۵ȻҲ̨̡һ˽᰸
鲻ʲô⣬⣬ĵӲ⴫ɣԼķӡǹ
۵˶ˣǴӺζ
֪ΪʲôӤӤ˸ħĺŮӡ
аҵʱǺŮȷʵǳˮϵġֻƺŮֻǷţԺɷɽȵ߮ǱǺŮġ
ŮӸ߮ˮˮͳаҡ
ⲻɺϡ
ӤӤӹ鵽ԭλطеӻҲżߣһ
ڵħһʱ򶼱ǹѹţֻнӴŮ˼Ů˵ĶʱŻƲסŰ
ӤӤһ
ħʱ򣬾ҵʹҪľһۻһ
ֻħ޷ȡħĴ룬λüƽ޽磬ڵҽҲû˸ĳԡ
ħ֮ǹѹƶûµġ
ǲǸӤӤôʲô
꣬С㣬Զ㣬˵˶Ҫù
£
ʦ˵ģǰʱ䲻ôúӤӤ˵˼仰ȥֱֵ׷ҧùˡгʦֵĵܵܣҲ˵˼仰֮˯ʱ̨紵ˣ˺ôĻ𡭡
ǵӤӤϣӤӤûᣬǱ˱ڲǱߵǼһ£ֻص˺̶
ص̶ʱѾ²ɵõķ׵ҩЦ֣ϷһӻͳһСйҡ
·ƳǣҺͳҪãܳҪУһУȣ˾Ͳóˡ
ӤӤӣȴһĵ
ƳǳĹһӤӤ㳢ɣʦĺòǡ
֪ôӤӤо⻰ζ
һЦԥ̨ô˭֪ǰŸƳǳģһΪôǰ֪Ҫҡֻ²Ҳʲôˣʲôʱаŵİ
˫ֱأ֪ͺá
ʱ֪Ͻѷ׸ˡ֪֪ģҪ̣Ĳ㣡
һ֦ףŷ֮е
ӤӤңһע
֮£շ׵Ĺ쳣˳ڷ׵ĵ֮£ڵһСַתΪ
Ҫָٶȣʱ䣬ͻὫڵϡ
Ҳᵽ߽۷壬лͻƵ˽ס
ðճһβʲô¡


21 
̶ľ󲿷ʱ仹ӤӤദѩֱӽӤӤҲķʼӤӤ
ֻȡ
⼸ҪҪӤӤһ¶塣
ϾӤӤͱ߲һǿӤӤԵҪǱ죬ĳ
ĳ̶ֳϿ߳ҲӤӤС
һһҪµӹǣҪ廹治һѡ
ǡԼѪأ
ͷԺз
֮ǰֻιӤӤѪ㹻ӤӤٻָֻãѪӤӤָܻӲ࣬Ӵܷ֮ѪԼҲ벻ˡ
ջ˷׷ɵ˼ڻԴŮΪ࣬Ů÷ǰ˾Өĺˮ
Ȼ֮ǰܶʦʦãӤӤôСͿϿ̿ʵڲࡣ
Сӵԣ֮ǰĲֻһʱһȥ棬ӤӤѾ˿ͷˡ
ӤӤϢƬ̣ڣֻӤӤתϸ΢ĵɫ붨ı־
ʮ֮ǰ˶ԶΪľšʵӲȱ츳֮ˣԱ츳ѵá
붨֮˲ôţֻܵȻһԣ

һ붨ǰʱ䡣ڼӵѩĴšڳıչ֮Уѩ˹ˮаһ߸֪顣
ͬǽֵνˮаܿܲа񣬺ܿͬʵĻӰ
ʵҲ֣аǽʷûĴβѪأ򣬱鼰ʮٳǣͬʷмصȣδ̫ƽˡ
̨⵽аϢ˼٣Ҳᾪš
֮뵽ںܾ֮ǰһ֮ˡ죬󷨣װţ£Сϼ¼ڶΪħ屻Ҳ̨ˡ
ŴѶϳֵ֣˼Ƭ̣
ʦǻû
Ǵûʵ޵Žײ¡ѩִѶϻ𣬡˽Žֻһ֮Ž֮Ѿǰɲ󣬿ЩҲ֡
ǸŮӣΪĿʲô
ѩδش𣬶˵Ҫʱ֤ȻҲʶԡѩȥ飬ʲôɵ£
ǰһ꣬类ڼһ鼮١ҲֻѩղصļϿ֣
죬۹֮Ů˴ԼûɣͨΪ֮ס
м˶죬ʮնϼʢλ
д붼ǿ佱ţЩ֮йڶĻǶԴĽ˵ĿܶҲǷӳԼǰı£ɶĿܿԿķȫʵӳ
ǵа֮ʱаչ¶ǽԦʬԦʬҲԿ
磬Լ¡
ּƺɺϡ
ڵķЩ궯һӤӤӤӤӦûһʱ䣬ߵ̶ԣ⿪ۣ˺̶֮С

ʱӤӤһصĿռ֮С
һƬɫĺߣ͵ĺˮĴĽšԼԼܿһɫСɢ΢ⱻһ򵽰ߡ
Ӧþھˡ
ܽھ֤ӦǾԷɵġӤӤź棬ʱͻȻоʲôҧԼ֡
ӤӤͷһֻһֻɫָ
ɫʵڲÿϵëͺͺģһֻǼ䲻Сϵëû٣¿žֻëĸ
ӤӤǵԼϱӵھ棬ûصĶ
ǴģӤӤץ켦켦ʹų˫ȣӤӤԼ
ӤӤֱ켦ǿеſˣ켦ͨһҽˮëϡٵĺ켦һˮԽϡǱ
Ȼֻ˵ֻü·Ҫһ
˵Ӧóȥˣ
ӤӤ̽ʡ
켦ų򣬿ţͷ
ӤӤ˲켦ϵˮ飬ҲԼʱ̫ãӦóȥˡ
һô˽ϵ׷ʲô֮еһ¡
ӤӤھ˳۾ȴһֻʳе˳ź̶ɽ
ɵ۵һЦ
ΪڵĻѾúܳˣھ֮Ǹ켦˵üĿˡ
ʳзΪ㣬ϲװһףҪԵġҿмĸ壬ѩԼ׼ʲôȴֻһöɫĹӡ
öӿȥӨ͸֭һŷḻˡ
ȻӤӤϲʲôȻѩ׼ģӦûд
ѩ𿪶ڲóһѿൽµҩˣ
ӺСһҧƹƤŨĹ֭봽֮䣬ظ㡣

ͬʱá
ѩо޹ݳߡͻȻƳӤӤ׼ļöҩѩɵýһףô̶ǱͶ
ױԼë˯ѩԼˤųȶƽ⡣
˰ʱǰ͹ȥˡ
ѩָָѩеҩ˲ԤУӤӤҩȥҹ淭ˣ
۵֣ʲô㲻ҰǸ͹ȥô
ѩĬƬ̣֪ʲôô
ʵʵ˵֪
͸͹ȥ
òϣ϶Ǹͽ׼ġԴ䡣
һ룬ֻʲôɵԼУպ˵ⶫֱӿԼ
ֱŲӰǶȥطɵѩϣҪıɱް
ѣ㳢֪ʲôˡ
ѩ¿ϣĿ
׵һʱ䣬ѩжҲʲô˵£˯һʱȴоѪҺ¶˲ܿƵҷɡ
ˮˮˮҪˮ
ǻôôҩоԼëҪȵˡ
ҪĴİë
ųһͷС


22 
ѩ𲢲ӤӤ¹֮ô
˻޲ýԼˮ֮ûʲôãƷ
Ǳţûʲôĵġ
Զ׳ͽ֮ѩĴ顣
⼸ָȥһ̨ѯ۶ϡ̨ؾˡ
Ȼ̨ƺ⣬ʵֻ̨ںڣŶǲмһ˵̬ȡʱֱ̨ǰˡ
ǰǰȻ¡
ڡ
Ϊһ֮Ĵʲϡ
ڵ£̹ͬĻ䡣ỳɣÿڵĸֻʱ򣬶̡
̡̣
Ȼ̨Ը˽ȥҲֻȥѰ·ӡ
ħ年۵㣬˱Ҳ顣
ѩĬƬ̣첽ߵǰдһš
ŵַŻᡣ
*
ӤӤһЩֵֹġ
ȣ̣ѪҺɻһ㿾Ƥ
ӤӤȵʵܲˣײײߵ̶ߣͨһ˽ȥ
̶ˮܿ콫̵½ȥӤӤ÷ǳǳĺˮ˸۾ȴ̶ˮһӰ
٣ʤѩΧǳǳƣģԼˡ
Ϊ£̶ˮΪѣŮ价Ƶ˿˿ˮ쵴ԡ
һʱӤӤֱۡ
ȻʮСŮо沢ǰ
ֻԻǴЩ
ӤӤѪӿʱѪѾһһˮϡ
ڵǹֻİоǹڳЦ
Ůˣһʲô˵ģ
յ룬ֻǹûֱӵ
ȡֶӤӤһֱǺĸ̥ϱӴʱֻαû̸ڡ
ȵȣǺ̶
ӤӤȻʶ⣬Ǻ̶Ļ񲻾ǡ
ҪԼ͵
ӤӤоԼѾܿеħˡ
ҪذϣǹȻûȥֻùԹˮУϣں̶ˮˣûԼ͵
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ȷʵģȻ˵䵭ϸʱò䣬ַбɹԵġ
Ц촽΢۽䣬ܺÿ
ЩദͬĹϵԽУŷϱӽӽĴ򿪷ʽԡ߲˵һЩ߰Ļϲѧһ
ҵȷĴ򿪷ʽܱħɣ
ʵҪҲԼĿģΪﵽʱӺͬһִ
ڵ廨ţħµѰʧ޳ֻҪ׬ʯģûڲӵġϾû˻ʯȥ
ܽȡȡһЩ׽Ϊ˻񣬴ϳȡˣӤӤ˿ҲھΡ
ϵֻèЩܵģèңȻдèֻ֮Ϊ˱ⱻŰɱĳҸӲĴˡ
Ϊױ飬˾òûжè̫Ͽ͵ãΪ޽ѵèԸΪޣҲǿڴ˼䡣
ȵȥһãѳ˻èǡ
ֻɽִ񣬻ҪײС
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뵽ӤӤһʯϣպӤӤѧӣ壬ת졣
ϢӤӤ˲ԣתԽԽ죬˱СϪˮļҪԭеĺӵ
ӤӤҪգ̶ڳŨ޷ҿƵġŵܣʹ/һȣֱһͷԵ̶ˮ֮С
̶ˮĿڱǣӤӤʹһݴڱǼðܸоʺǺˮУͬβҲһۡ
͵ΪԼҪʱֻʲô˰һֻһ˲ˮڰϣ˺ѷεǺţǺȥˮ³ͬˮһĻ˿˿Ѫ˿
ĺ󱳣Ϣ
߽׵ǿߣԼѾǧٿףܺܿ콫ڶɳ
ӤӤƣߵؿУץ֣ʾм
·ӤӤֻûůģо۾˯š
ӤӤ۾̧ͷֻȴĳˡ
Ȼڲעʱ򣬵ǳÿԺԵĹ֣ӤӤǺ²ۣ
ôôƽ
ϱôû֣
㻹С̶ܽС㡭йѵӤӤ䣬ͻȻƳӤӤĿ⣬ɫ䣬ܿ£죬͵ѵһ䣬ʲôٿڳ
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뵽δħʱɱӿ°ٱ
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ֲܺؽ͡ҲӵġԵøˡ
ɴʲô˵ˡ
ЩӤӤ
ô꣬ûʲô˾һ΢Щ츳ڰҪôǼҴԡ
̲ס˴ӤӤ
ӤӤһ˸ſϥϣ棬
ԺҪˮˡͷ΢̶̫֮Ũ㵽ٽ̶Ҳء
ӤӤƵһСʱĺ
һʱЩãȻ
⻹һͬܣмѩ߳ѩȻѩ˽ﲢżӣͿ˵Щϲʼնѩ𱣳Źڡ
ںǿʱ˵˵ѣսʱ򼸺ܵĴ
ʦʦã뻹ǾηСð
˼ȥַӤӤԺָ⴩ӤӤͷš
ӤӤϲһô


23 
ӤӤڴ˯ôʣ˵˯˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ɫ΢ףܸо仰ƺʲô˼
ϱʱһͻȻչɹĥ±ϣһ⣺
ô㣬ޱô
Ըܰˡ
裬Ը֮ô
ӤӤһۣûлش
ʱûзᣬֻ֪С˵е磬ӦܻһõĽ֡
ʵ֤뷨ɵġ粢ûʲôνԼڷҪʱҲûʲôƺҲĬһ
Ⱳӣ֪ԼǱĴڶȻԭľй켣Ӱ졣ҪıҪѱӰľԭλ
ЩҪĻԵǵһˮаҪԵӰ첻̫󡣽õ֦ѣôã㲻ˮаһҲͨʽȥ£
ȻҪȫҾ飬ҲȥӰСķش
ҵȻϲˡӤӤͷģñǼţɵֻ衣
Ĳ˵ӤӤǺԼĿɰòΪĿɰܵõڳǵĶչˣҲͬ˵ļޡ
ôʱ򣬺ǵĶֱִ⡣
ԭѩͬ飬ȻԭЩҲֻѩݣͬͬ亢ӻʲôھеʵʵѩΪزıչأи
ʵȥ¾Ӱ٣ҲӦòźá
еҲֻԼ
뵽⣬ӤӤԽźܿƵ
˳ӤӤСܹ⻬ϸ壬һоˮȥ°ӤӤָӡ
оӤӤֺá
֮ǰĪʱȴоá
ӿʼӤӤĺãͬʦ֮еշԵȥӤӤã
ӤӤ
̾ϢһŮԼϥϡ
ӤӤĺؿڣǰתؾ֮УӤӤʱΪ˱ӦϮħ
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ǸŮˣֻؾ֮ϮǵŮˡ
۳֮ˣ졣
еŮȣ׻С˯š·ŪѣԼ
ӤӤúܣۡ
Լһʱ֮Աߣ˯ŵӤӤţЦȴĿⶥ˻ȥ
ڵ㵹мֳˣҪǰΪĸôӤӤһȷᾪŵӤӤЦ
ĪԼˡ
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۶죬̨һмĨˡ̨˵ҲǸڵĴͲֻڵ˼һ飬û޵飬Ҫô죿
ǳǳʦû취ֱӳ档
ãҲһԸ㿴
˵ţ̯̯֡
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Щȥݼаģ϶ĶٷʱҲһС顣
صҼˣⶫƺУôСĶעһɵţ뺣ⶫз˼ֶΣħ嵱ùġ
ȥǼȷʵħֶΡ
ĺܶϸʵ󶼲̫û䣬ʱοٴа֮ѳ
ڽͰӵ̸֮Сʳ˰ӶԴµĿϼ޻òײ͸˵õݡ
˼ˣ΢΢ͷͷʱˡ
ȻΪʲôͲ֪ôô
аˮǴ£˾㲻³ˮҲñ̬ûһ˹ʾҪ顣
̧ͷ۾죬ܿġ֮޷ٸٷˣ˶죬Ҳһ
㵱밡һŤȥҪץˣʱ򳬹㣬ȫǰС
ðЦӦ£ӦûʧˡڵķҲͻƵ˽ײԶˡ츳ҪȶأҲ֪
㣡ٶȱҪըëƳеӤӤһۣҪȥӤӤĳֻ֪еһСıӰӡ
ֺܿͱȥҪǳӤӤ˯Ժʮֻ㴰ڽţ˳ӼֻӰȫŵ˺úÿп̿ʦͻ
̶ȥ

ӤӤ֪ôʱɱ᲻Щϲ㣬᲻ö֣ɱôϲأ˱ɵĻԵ޲ýƤ
ǰζǳĺɫħ˪ѩһĶǰƣɫ˫·ҹɫ֮Ǳ޾֮еΣա
ƽĶۣͬʱڵŲͬò
ʱһס棬ħ֮ȴ˹ȵ۽Ƽֻ̲Ҫ΢ӽٲ
޿־ӤӤĵӣ֪ʲôĥĥֻһһ̡̬
ʱһͷ΢΢źɫһӻء
Ǳ˷˺ôϽѰ涾Ͻһڷ˵ģйˣֻʹѡ
̾Ϣһ˶ˣ᲻ˣº͵ķ㣬˵ҪǱˣй֮£᲻ᱻԾ
ԾҲûãеǰ취ȻԹԵ˵ȥӤӤģֻ죬֮ǰȣʲô¡
˵ţʱᴩӤӤؿڡӤӤ۵ɫһ䣬ҡ
ӤӤѣӤӤѡ


24 
ոֻһجΣ
Ϊʲôؿڻôۡ
ӤӤĿڣһţȻʶħٶңڵǹҲڽͬħԿ
Ҳŵȥѹơ
ҺãǹѹסħŰֻʹڳӤӤУŷԼոһѪûжΡ
Ҫμħ֮ôǣڵħ
ħҲǱӦϮģ
Ĵ
ûжŪԼ·κԹӤӤʱ۵׾ǵǹС
֮ͬȫˡ
Ҳڵʱᡭô˲ӤӤϵѪոεʲô
ʸոμʲôʲô˼
Ųĥṩ˼·
ӤӤشΪӤӤؿʹ˵ᰴסӤӤǰأš
ӤӤ͵ͺһ˴ͷΪŵø͡
ô
ʡ
ӤӤ˵ͷץץ֣Ӻܡ
ϱӵڵźһҲûʲôеġ
Զ΢ĽŲӤӤ˿һĻκѹħʱѾɥʧ˴󲿷һոջʹؿڱǣһ£Խ۵̡ӤӤ̲סһʹ|
ʱŴӺ̶Ϫˮץıߣں̶봫|ʹ|ϢᣬСӡãӿ˽Ų
ȻӤӤУɫʹࡣ
ĬĬѾһ彣˻ȥÿǲӤӤڵħָˡ
ͷ
һҧָĶ
ҡҡͷ
ѪȻѹħҲֻʱѣָӤӤѪһͻӤӤγѪ
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ܿ죬ŨĿƮ˹
ӤӤջЩŵЩסˡ
̶ˮǴڱѩɽˮ۳СϪСϪһֱ㣬ϪʽʵΪ̲Чҩ
ֻвҪ׽Ϊѣûмɵ˿۶̲
̵ܿѨݸһӤӤЦЦӤӤ𼱣Ҹֱӳԡ
շӣȴԼǴ⣬һһιӤӤ
ӤӤͶιǰʵ˴˽֯˵ȫûӰǲܵģ֮µӤӤû񣬾һҧס֡
ָֻһۣæȥ
ָĳݺۣݺ֮ܿ˺ҧѺۣһĨѪɫ
һָ⣬ֹסѪոʲôûһͶι
Ȼû
ӤӤɫոմǳجѹǰº͵ЩӦ
ΪάⱲҲħ
...
ץĿܿͳˣȥץ˼ŵ˵Ҫȥ
ɽִеһ񣬸ҩõһʦ㣬ϲܻ
ҩõǲɼҩģеҩزգҩòûͻƵײִĹءҩô󲿷ˮܶ಻ŬĵӾͻѡҩлӡ
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ΧԣӤӤͻȻô
æͷ
ҪϲԺòã
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ӤӤشƳһһֻӣɫ΢΢ȥӤӤҵտɱĳֻѧ˲׵ļһõö࣬治ô
֪ôӤӤоһɼΣյϢֻҪӦ͡
Ϊ˱סСӤӤæͷ
ִӺͷסһǵľٶƵسü
ôʦã׵ġ
Ǻϵá
˽С˵־飬ûסһۣͷȥŪ㣬Ȼͺۡ
֪ڸĿһħ
֪ôӤӤڷƺ׽
ҧס
ȵȣֲǹ
ӤӤԼ뷨ˣһѹҰֵͷ

ҹ룬جٶϮκܿӤӤͱҡˡ
ӤӤΪجβ麹Уɪɪ
˯ǰǳɢôôˣӤӤͷЩţؿô
ۡӤӤԼһţ̽Եʣ㽫ҪˣǷʱΪһ˵Ĵ֮⣬ôǸˣ
ôЩĪĻһ룬粻Ҫң϶⣬ͱʲôϵ
ӤӤ֪ʲûʲôϾʱƣÿ˵Զ̶ᷢͬȵı仯
ӣ˸˯˹ȥ
ʱһ̶֮дҲϰ̸鲽
ʵ֪ѧ鲽ķӺǲһģ鲽ǿƶõê
ǰǲԤ趨׼ȷλöе˲ƣǱԤ趨λá
Ȼصǰ߸Ϊ׼Ԥ趨λʵսжٻʱ䡣
ս˲Ϣ䣬κξٶпܵ²ͬĽ
ê鲽ǰ˼ǼΪ㣬еʱȵĿУʹüúĴʱ䲻
ӤӤʹ鲽
׼ڵĵλϻһȦҪȦɹ
êףֻ۾ѹλáӤӤԹζʧˣûһԤȵλϡ
żӺ̶̤֮߳ڵϵӤӤÿ·°ڣӤӤˤϥǣӴָзˤ˸࣬ͿѪϡ
һкվӤӤһֻ֡
ӤӤס
һ˲ӤӤֻһǿǣӦʱѾԤȻõȦС
׻˵ʦţпˡҲûʲôིܶģֻ¸ӤӤʾ˼鲽ӤӤһĸо
ʲôо⡣
ӤӤᡣ
Ʋþ룬ÿβǽ˾ԶˣȻÿŲѣɴδŲλϡ
պ
ӤӤ˷ܵȦ˼£˳ˣ
Ѿ鲽ֵȦˣ
ȻӦϰǡ
ӤӤǾӦûصԭλٸչʾһαȽϺá
˼ˣӤӤ鲽ԭλȥ
һ˲ֻͨһ
ǰĺ̶ˮ渡һཹཡݡ


25 
ӤӤٶȱӺ̶˳
·ŶڻԿֻ¶һ˫۾èһ峺ɰ
ڸҩҩɢ֮Уºҩ˲Ļ˵мʫ黭⡣
뵽ҪôҩȫЦˡ
ʵ֢״ԽأҩóһΣһζҩҩȥЧãֻǿоԼȥʱͷû֪ˡ纮ҩɴһˡ
ȻӤӤ֪ٴ϶༳ȡһЩˣҲӹˡҰ
ϱӶħ֮ĥǰ֡
ⷺӤӤؿڣһ
ļϤѪ˿
뱻һжڶеģ濴ʲô
˵˵
֪Ӧ˵ʲô
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ӤӤȥá۽
ϱӿž˲ٿΣʲô֪ʶΪǳⱲҪúÿ
ʶܿʼ߾ƺ̫ˣͽ׵ҪʶƺܲסҲǴӾ岢ͷŶֱƺΪ
ǿһ޷жϡ
ͬʶھĵطһǿ֣ɵɢ֮̽Էľǿ
۽һܳз֪ʶҲǳ׶ӤӤٻһػ磬Ծյøۡ
Ҫ֪ϱӣһòˣٻһ棬Ҳ˼ľ
ǹ֮£ĳܶѾõ˲С
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պҩûȫڵħڴʱǵһ£ӤӤθһ󷭽ûסֱӽոպȥҩŻһ롣
ںڵҩл˿˿Ѫӳ԰׵ȥӡ
ĺ󱳣ʵ²ʲôˮڣʹ䷨ʰ³Ļ
졣
ָ䣬ӤӤʶſ졣
һö÷Ӹɴ䣬ڿҩ֮ԵԽ

ͬں̶֮գתۼѾҪҪȥѧ
ӤӤƬ̣ȷʵгϿ轲ãڻ֪ʶ뼼ɡ
ںɲ֣֮ͬԴбúأŵӼûʲôᡣڲûŵĻ֣ҲǸҵֻҪУԴ
ڵͽƽӹ֮˺ܶ࣬ΪֹڵҲֻٮٮߣҳͻ׵Ķࡣ
е˲ŵųͲ⣬еĻ£ģеĳЦڵӹӹµµѩԴ˽һЦ
ϱӤӤ޷ûЩѧоѧҲãȻԼкܶⶼ
Ҳô޶ۡ
׼ȥѧǰһӤӤʰ˶̲סʣ
㣬㵱ѧʱʲôҪעô
룺סڿγϵ֡
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Ϊ˵ϿϰԵĻص㷽
еĳϻòԣܻʵԼʲôڳô࣬Ӻһһǵ塣˶٣еĳլʺ񣬵ӴҲûȥٱǿ䡭
ӤӤ𾪣լʺ񣿡
˵ȥеľͲˣԼȥõģɽģֶСȻУ̶˵ӡӦüΪ̡
Լȥá
һϺ͵ӱ䣬ҪҪˣ
˾ռߵӣܽһ䣺ԾѧҪһ㣬סѧϵ֡

ڳǽһĿ﷦ζӤӤԷñ˴˱עСһһʱ䣬ʼ˻ʼǣ˭ˣĿؿų̨ϳƪۡ
ǣðŵһ㶼̡̨ϵĳϱһ˫˫۾﷢ëò飬ǵĽ
еһǣ
ҵϵֺʲô
ӤӤݸ
˵ùȻ⡣
ⳤڵġϡӱˣһ֡ƽռΪҪϾֲֽٵֶдԣ֪θ롣
ڿνҪһЩ֪ʶСϻصǿһԸʵӰ죬Ҳ˾ֽ֮ϡ
֪ôӤӤٳû±ʡ
˵ǻӦ鱼żŭԸ񡣿ӤӤȴʵû;Ļϵһʵ䣬ƽζĿǰԡ
Ǳȴһ㶼ϱʣЦ棬̾ÿ
˵㻻λãҲ֡

Ϸһһݴʱüͷ
ܹһʮݴֻаʮдֺš
ʣʮ˴¿죬šüͷһ𣬽дֵ߰Ծ촷ۡ
Щ촷ȴ׼ȷ˸˵ǰ
պ˳ֽһĽױǾ͸ɡ͵ܵĻҾͲ֤ˡ
˵ţЩĵǰ촷۷Ƿ׷Լ˶ǰһ䡱֡
ҳ־ͻˣĻһӰɡ
˵ţϷȥ
һƬ


26 
û죬ӤӤֻص˺̶졣
µ׷ðƫƫʵ£֮ࡣ
̡
ֻڶȷʵû˵
ں̶֮еҲûʲô޵ġ˳֮ලһΪϸ񣬸ƶһ
ȴÿ³Ǽ죬ʱӤӤȥѧȥãͬһУϰǲõĿҵӹÿνǷǳʵ
ҺະۣΪÿ͵ʱܶ˫ķۣŲЦ
ӤӤҲĩ֮òǰ԰ɣ
ÿ궼ĩˣĩֻҪĽףڶʮµĵӶܲμӣǰʮõĽ
ΣҪй飬ΣԼҵʦҲǰ̧ͷҫԼĸӱֵκá
ȻѩûҪΣҲ֪ڳʱģѩҲ֣չȥһ𡣵ǿҫԼҵγɫʱ뵽ҪΪԼƽӹ岻ȥѩӤӤ֪ԼҲӦڿøΡ
δʮĵӳǰ˱޽ӤӤҲˣָһ±ϡȻǽޣҲеһýĨ䲻ܺʹȣָŴ´ࡣ
轣ʱӯǷɣ֮裬࣬пͣȴԿɲɱӤӤһʱ᲻ƿĿ⡣
ӤӤǵãõѱʱ򣬽ʮꡣ
⻹һμԼǰ轣
ɷ˹ѪɣҲ֮һǧ任ġ
ΪҪ
ʱȻЦҪ֪ȥʦ㰡ġ
ɵʱ⣬һЦֱӰγ彣һѴʱ̶Уʵȥץ͵Ц
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Ϊʺ޽ѡ·ӡΪٺ·ϰиЩĩϣȴһ񽣵ôܶ顣
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꣬ڿǰһͻƵĽףûĩ˵Ļᡣ
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ס
һԳ׼ѩͻȻ㵽ԼǰʱڲʢҪԼˮŵ˹񹫡ʹųѩϥϣһѩ

޲ɢ֮ϯϺ̶ӶѨϷ̶ˮ֮УһδΡ
ѩѾˡ
̶֮УӤӤɫĽɫ£֮Ϲâң˺̶֮ϵĲӰ
ô㣿
ӤӤ͵ʹϢţˮӶǰ߳һһˮС
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ҪŪ㲻ˣǸ
ӤӤϻ̳Ͽ֣⻹ͻƶ֮һΪԼע뵽ڣѹƷ
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ֻǿϧΪ̫ˣڣţ뺣
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ܸоץס˲Ҳ֪Լ̫Ӳ
ֱ̫ӤӤԼõƷˣշС
˵ĹϵӦý໥շɣ
Ӱ΢ڻ֮Уͬļһ顣
ڣ׼ԼոδƣȴֻһĵĻش
֪ˣ㡣


ڶ ڤˮ֦


27 
عҴҶڴڼӤӤ󲿷ʱߡ
Ϊֻ֮࣬мʱŻᰲ˯ȥֱۺкܶ˿ڣִΪ˷ֹ˯ȥʵĺۼ
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佥ЩλҲȥûҩԼҲ⡣
ħԽƵЩƤ֮෴ħʱ֮һ
ֻ֮ѩϥĿãã磬żмֻȸ֮Ծ繤ˮīˡ
ں̶ãηӤӤ˽ϵĽ˿Һ멡Ѿˣѩ֮ߣȹӳѩҡҷԡ
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ӤӤ²˭
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ӤӤͷһᣬֻ
첻ó񣬸պҲˣ͹㡣գգ۾˫һۺһ飬ֻǰЦ棬˵ĸоʱǰģڼŮǰ顣
Ѿҩóϵͽʦʦڶ࣬ûһӱۡÿҩóϸϾۻȲģΪ١
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뵽ȥˣӵжԽҲһҪǵ£ҲǲСʦȥϼһ⣬ûòã

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Ҳûð趨ܷ֮ľһܴһȥҲǵ£û˵дʦһ

ɽˮ
ڵˮһǵа̨ӡΧʱ̨ܿѲߡ
Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳˲ûйȥ
Ҫ߲ĻҿԱߡͷһӤӤ˻ƿӣ 㿴
ƿаٵ׷ɣһͷ׶޾ͷķ籩
ƯӤӤЦЦʲôʱץĺҶû
һ·ֻſʦ㴫˵ңӤӤһ̧ۣһӤӤ첱ӾӤӤһۣ
ʮֽèһֻ
ʮߣëѡ
ʮš
ŷԼʵڿⶼʲôʲôģ
Ӱļ⣬۲ڸ޻ġӤӤ֮ǰں̶£ҲӰȨ޿ҡ
ڵһɫˣЩȥôطֻСЦʹʦĹϵ׺񣬱ҺҽöˡҽڶϸʲôֻҸ˾ҩбǡ
ҲֻǿʲôЩ޼⵽ʱ򻹵㴫ŸáӤӤƣ棬˵ʲô
㿴ЩȵġһӤӤֻϼ˴죬⻪֯á
Ѯˮ֯ǲɰģеѾ˺ˮϲ켪
ֻɽ棬֮ǰԼ¹̸񣬲˽˷ݣƹѲ̲ס²ۣ
Ҹ˵ӤӤǰʱҲȥɵô֪Ǳߵô˵ģǾȻ˵СƭͰѲҩʮ۸ңһ飬ߡ
һߡͺˣӤӤ΢΢Цţٱ
ڵǲ˽Ƶģ˾ҩӦ꣬û¾Ҫڵϰߡ˵Ѿų⣬Ҳûʲô
ȻԼȣҲӤӤȾƣתͷӤӤԼƣҪ͵þƱʱϴӤӤ֡
ĶɲܺȡҲҵĵİɣӤӤ
Ӱ֮£ŮüەiΪ˫ƽһ죬˵˫ɫ
ӤӤ
⼸ʱ˾ҩҲȻǰԣ΢ʱܿߣ۾һȦʱǶ¡
Ⱳͬϱ˲һ·ɽޱҩޣӦòµİɣ
ֻװ׿ϧϵĺˡ
Ҳǵ⣬ݺɳնħĺӣȴһ·ܱ̩֮ҲǺõġ
Ȼ᲻㵣ġӤӤϸ
ǺöеʱԼĿ־塣ӤӤʵȥҲ۽ʲô
ԭԤʱڽĶħ֮ձ٣˵к޽ǣǲܵġ
ʮָһԼе÷ɣɫ֭Һء̧ͷ
ҺһڰɣһڣôһӦûʲô⡣
ӤӤüѾˣƫڶޣȴָ˺ܰĸоŨױĨһһԶˡ
ʵȲȾƶ˵ʲô˵飬ֻеʱ򻹻Լĸо˯ȥȻһ޸ϵ
ܾúܸɴ࣬оǲС
һ߾ܾһ߸ӤӤ˲衣
ϺõǰɱⱭ֮ҪĶ̣࣬ˡ
ӤӤڴߣָһûһصڴϣŴ߷ּۻ۸֡
˼̻ǱɽҪúܶ࣬ٱȺ̶öˡں̶ֻܺ۵Сһ˵֪˵ʲôĵĽ
ħץŲֺ
һ룬һˡԼһЩҲǺõġ
ҡӤӤ΢΢һЦЩֺá
̧ͷٿؾһ㱡
ʱþסӤӤѸٵˮԼԼ˱ƣմȣֻ΢΢һʹ
ڹأ˽ơԼȥ˾췣ɡ
赭ڰ֮УӰĻⲻ˸


28 
󣬴ʦ㣿
ŵòѾƱˤڵϣľŹӤӤɿ˶Ŀơ
ӤӤűյֻת֮䣬Ѿһӡӡ
Ҫ֣κøˣƺС֤
ƻ֮£ϣʲôƱҡΣɫľҺ˵ϣʪһƬճһѺɴӳ͸
ھƺµڶ࣬Ǽǲ壬ȡسٱ鼴ɡ
Уֻǵֻеط
ʦ㣡æⲻӤӤ£ұӤӤġӤӤûйϵҪҾͺá
Ŀⷽɨ򲻹
򲻹ȴҲȷǴ򲻹ģӤӤľڶǰĴڣʱ˾óӹʱµΪ˸Լ߰˲˵ʵӤӤȥǻα
һҪȥӤӤľ̶ȣݳͨӣֱӱӤӤǿп˲һʱ䡣ȻɨأӤӤķһʱ̧֮ߵ˲͵ĳ̶ȡ
ʵҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪʲôԭҲֻ뵽ֻǵ뿴ӤӤҪʲô
Ϳ˶ĳ档
ֹ֮£һֻ۱һֻۣϾҲ̶ܵŷҡ
ӤӤʱлǺܲˡ
ܹԵĺͻȻѧˡ
㣬췣ˡӤӤ˴ӣ΢΢һʾ˵ˡ
Ƴ֮ɫĨԽ
ɾԭȴ˵壬ԽĸԴ

ôΪȾưӤӤȥҳ飿
𴳽˺̶죬ʵˣÿһı˪Ʈ£˺̶
̶֮еŮں̶֮ϣŽɣ÷ô
ôôˣȲ˵ӤӤһô꣬ôõģ
ʲô飬ҲûҪйˡ
ʵԤϵʦҲûӦԵķ
ԼȷʵǹڿŮˣǳѣֲȥ˼Ϸ򣬵ҲûʲôӰ졣
أЦˣҪôعأȥٱҰ˽ºҲ֪ٴˣֲǾƺ£ô
ȷǲڵģ֪һ㡣
ӤӤһʱ򣬻̲ס˶ݻϾơ
о仰Ʋ֮䷢ĹϵͲˡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôϣӤӤֽӴں̶ʱ򣬿ӤӤ֣Ҳҹ˵Թ⡣
ƺ¾ˡѾһͿǿţùΪԼķ֤Ҳǰı׼Ӧȥ˼¹졣
Լں޲ѾռϷ磬ķŰⰲֻһ˲ܿ˸֮С
ֻҪǵӵҲӲ
Ҳǰ
ʵ棬֮ɫæס
ȥʲôȥҪȥͲӤӤȥ㣿ˣ˼Ǹطܵסô
һ⻰һͣס
ɨһۣԽˣʲôܲסģ֮ǰֲûϹ
ֻϹ֮˰£ӤӤ˰¶ѡ
֪ôоƺʲô¡
˶ѹԼΣյͷ

⣬ң˪ѩ
У綹ӳֽī
ˡ
ˡ
ˡ
ŸǽǽӤӤ˹ȥ
˹ڵĽ棬ǽĸãһǽ֮˵ʲô
˵ʦʲôʱô֮ͨǰûµôĳ̾һһʱҲô
ʵǵġ
ӤӤҲ֪ΪʲôԼæ꣬ͷһٻصǰ
ΪѾദùζˣ컹ˢصǰĲ״̬
Ҳ֪
ϿУ˪أһ󺮷ӹصòϵӤӤ˼ŵѯʣ
ӤӤû°ɣ
ûʲô
ӤӤŰֽϵκɫָɣ纮Զӹ˵ʵѰ飬Ҳǻȥȼҩͺˡ
䣬ùȥɡܲס
˵ţ·һŴͨͨ˽
ӤӤס·ϣ·ϻ£˺⡣
Ѿں̶ôãúܡ
ˣٱ飬治֪ͬűʦץôġԹ˵ʦûпôҽ㣿
뵽Լҽ㱻ؽյӣ̲סЦ˳
˵пܡӤӤһ£ҲɵЦˣˣ´ҪҪһ
ððҾͿ԰ˡеʦʦȥһҩ޻ǰץ
˵ˣһΪ
ľ֨ѽһˣһںХ֮йرգĺʹѩǺӤӤ۾Ͽ˺һǱʹǽôҪҪȥҩýҲûش
ɵ̧ͷʱ򣬺ȻǰǵˮɫӰ
㣿
ҵĸʵ̫ˣ𾪵Ҳ˶һ
ʦ㣬ʲôӤӤǲǷպͿˣ
ȻЩգͿٻڲþ
㳭ˡϵ¡
ǵã·
ӤӤæѳ
Ѿڶʮˡ
⻰û˵ֹ꣬סȵˮ˫ȷһʱվסҡҡλεȥ
ֻδŵأˤĻ֮УůǻԽ
΢΢⣬ͷв䵽ˡ
綹⣬˵ļӰӳǽϡ
֪ôͷ΢΢һ£ǱʲôĶɵشš
ˤȥҲֻץסڣּֿ죬ǰһκڡ
ˮɫ·ȻҲûӹĶ֡
οѪɫʼ濼ԼԺҪҪ׺·ôǳɫ·ϴ


29 
Ȼǰν̬ȣӤӤ״ʱ͵͵˽ҡ
˾ֻ飬û˵Ҫ˳
ӤӤŵ˽ҵĴϣϱӣתȥλϳ顣
ӤӤôʱûٱϾʱǲʡĵġ˼¶˵Ǽҳ㷹ڹؽʱ򣬲ٳϺ˾õ˴Э顪
֮ĴӵĽ̲ģȫڹؽʱ򷣳ġ
ȻٶȺܿ죬˿ңһּԽԵּˮǳ

ǰزȼһʱ㽫鳭ˡ
һӤӤǰͷ΢ٳʱڣӤӤҲڿš
ոջܺԻŮȴ۾ʶʱʱޡ˺üӤӤӦһûʲôˡ
ԼǲýӤӤ˾õġ
صθзҵıӣֻбһ㣬
ĵҩС飬ӤӤСҩ̫࣬ӤӤڰ֮УҲɵüҩ³
ȥͺˡŮգ̧ӤӤϰӤӤϣԡ
ܸоӤӤӦˣӤӤʹһһҧסָ
ҧҧˡ
ӤӤжԹҲǺģӤӤţҲûʲô
еӤӤҧᣬܸоӤӤҧ˺һƤûҧƣֻǳǳӡ
Ҳ֪û᲻á
⺢ӡ
ֿˣκܿϣûжٺ磬һӰֱײ˷һĻ
ºòιһĵҩ򴳽һʱǰ߾ЩңЩϳ
ⳡ˵ӤӤ۵򲢷ˡ
һԴһһˮޣֱʲôˣ
ޣ
֮֡
ʦ㡣ԱҪ侲ûֱһ˦ӤӤʦôӤӤͻȥӤӤɣ
侲ʾˣ⻰Ѿصˡóŭ⡣
Ҳʵ

ҹԷ֮е˱󷨣侫µοڷν֮ϣڷ׷ѩ֮ʣ˹ͣٵǰ֡
һ棺
ʦı󷨣ܽ뿴ⱲӶˡ
㿴ǶĻÿֱͻһ
ȻҲע⵽˱֮
߽ʿչһպöҲʲô飬ʧ⼸ֻǶƱչأû˻ɡ֮ǰܼ˫ֱӹ棬Ѳʲô
ǾôģѾŲ²߰˸汾ѷĿۣۣ࣬νǾʷ׳ʡ

ⳡ纮ӤӤಡ齽ӽС£ٳʱѾҪϦˡ
ʼȷʵֱӰȥѹӤӤӤӤ̫Զʼ޷˯
ֻó˽磬˽
ʵףǿħʱһȾֻҪ΢Щͻ纮ȡ
ǻں̶ǳԣħ΢ѹƣɶĵطħûѹƵıԽ޼ɵ
ȡӤӤԣһҩݸӤӤ
ӤӤ촽ҩأ¶ȣûã˯ѻúܣҩҺȥ
պҩһǣС
ǻ֭嵭ҩĿɬӤӤץץµıֱϵɫѪڰƤԽԡ
Ҫ˯һߣʡ
Է⿴ۣ˲࣬ҲøæȥǿӤӤʱٴа㣬·Ǹ˲գ۵֣һѪڽӤӤȥ
ãϾôֻڣЩ˵һ仰ǻشҲġ
һʱĵײû΢Ĳ
ӤӤʦãϵ͸һ㣬Ҳʲô˵顣
ȷʵûƺԼӤӤڵ¶Ƕĥٺ
ס롣
ߺˡӤӤЩҲ۵úܣ־û岻Ҫԡ˵
Է֮иСԡңԡҿŴ֣ԡʱϲֵšӤӤηҲֻù˴źˮӤӤȥ
ӤӤȲѵԼϵ·ˮԡˮеӳ֮УԼ
ͬϱһģȻڣˮ֮Խˡ
δȬҲԡ̫ãӤӤϴһŷԼδûϴ·
Ҫæô
ӤӤзɿȨ⡣
չôãÿҲ˲ÿҲˣü·Ӧûʲôɡ
ʵڲصˮˡ
˼ȥӤӤԡҵţ·
ձһ·ţֻԷſнŲۿžҪš
ȻӤӤͿΪ侲طš
𾪵Ŀ֮Уָǣг
侲Щͷ¶̸һ㣺
ǵʦҵ䣬ֻ˵ȥ̶ˣ򲻿͸¶Ҿ


30 
Ȼ, ֻڼ䣬ʹȥˡ
ӤӤһԱߵ, ۾˵Ϲ
, Ѿú̶ѹ, ̶ʲô
ĽŲԶȥܸоǷ˲١
֮ǰǲʦôôӤӤ̲סʡ
Ҫи겻ɢ¹޵׷, Ʊһ¡
¹ޣ
ӤӤ̲סЦ˳
֪ЦʲôƳһۣôҲôã
ӤӤЦûС
ֱЦҲˡ
ĥķ, ɱˡ
ʲô
ӤӤס죬ŷӦԼڲʱֱӽﻰ˵˳æ׷֮ǰ
㣬תȥ, Ҫ·ˡ
֮Ȳ˵ʵڲо˵Լ, μĥ
ýȹʱ, ɵ¡
·֮ǰûģһʯٵȹȹðŰٵ׷ͼվɡ
ȹӶ˿壬ȹɢ׺Сɵ, , ̿ǳϸ
Ȼ۸ǰմС㣬СΪӰ
һ, Ƕϰٸ
ȹһͼֵǧ𣬲ܸġ
Ȼѩֲٺö, ֻҪҪܸѩԼװصòһ֮, ·ͺ, Ҳȥ֮
֮ǰùƥ篣ůηԺϲ
ӤӤܲµģô˵𾪵صظģ
ǰϸŵĸо׶Ǯ
ֻôļ۸񣬾㹻һƷˡ
Ӧһɫơ
ôһôϲģ
ӤӤȻϲȹӣ˼»ǷˣȹأˣҲա
ûʲôյģǸġȻҪǲգǻڹҡ
ûй㡣
ӤӤæ֤ס
ôΪһСС纮أⳡԱ߻չ˵СС纮ܱȰؽҹĥûͷˮá
ûйң°ɡĳߴüģҲû䴩ˡ
ŮֹȻ󷽣
ǲζţŮҪǲڻŮϵ뱲ӾͿԺݺݱˣ
Ҫ𻯷Ҳ˼ꡣ
һ룬̾˿

·ʵÿһ綼ȫߴüģȫûвĵط
·ӤӤ˳ȥױ̨ǰױ
˫ѧüδ֪˭
Ҳ߸ѧüֻͣ˼¡
ֻͷһ
ûϵȰȥ֮˵
ױọ̈̄һֱվ󣬲ûдߴ٣ֻע
ӤӤЩ﷢ëе὿ޣܸоĿЩ̽ʲôеĶһ
ֻǳȥߣҪʢװ磬ɾͺáӤӤͷһס֡
ѩ硣
ſȥһƬѩأããһƬЩۡ
ǳȥߣҲûʲôر뿴ġ˳Է˳Сһ·ǰٿӤӤᵽһŰ㡣
˳ȥֻ֮Уһ÷ӳİѩþޡӤӤ
޵ںϣ뵽ԱߵŮˡ
һ֦ţϡ
ӤӤ΢΢һЦ
÷㣬ơ

죬ǳϦˡ
ϦҹǼԲӣ׼ҵӲ٣˵ȼѽڽԼȥžۡټһӱ
չÿϦҹѩӤӤһֻѩҪȥͬʱļžۣڣֻʣӤӤˡ
ãϦһϳţ˵Ƿҩ֮ɹϲܻϲϦҹˡ
ɽ壬ɽĵҲĲɣڵƣһ÷ļ̳ƣΧʯŶġ
ڴҪնϳԵ񲻻ȥž۵ģҲ޼ҿɹġ
Ȼȫ·ż٣ҪиµģȻϡ
ƵҲ˲٣ֻ伸ֻŹЩ£ܿ촦꣬һԱС¯ӤӤ
ɽô
ӤӤҡҡͷ̲סȻץؽȾϷ纮ɰ£
ԸɽɽϺˡʱҲûˣҸ㶫ɡҽȥֻɽȻȡ
ϴӤӤһȻѩδ˵ʲôֻǶúչӤӤ׿׷𱸡
Ժˬʲô˵ʲô߶˰¡
ڿϷɵȡùٲֻҪ۵û䲻ġ
ѩѱٹȣʱ˼̻Сѩ³ϼһͬ۲ͣ˳װѶӸӤӤһݡѩպܺã¾Ǻѩѧģ
ΪѩİãСʳĵζƷһӦȫһۣ׼档
ϰףϦҹҪԽӵġϾýɽɽĢˡ
ϾӤӤúܣټϳҩθܴԲþҪܾܺãڵģҲŪЩɿڵĸԼʦóԡ
ɽζСУӤӤ̲ס๾࿹
ӤӤӽУЦЦǸճԹ緹ôôôͶˣ
ӤӤȥ飺ûС
²Ƕв档˰ӣţˣҪǶȳԸ档
ߦƤӤӤҲ̫˼԰ʳģҪӡ
ʦ÷ֹȷߦƤڣӤӤӡȻԤӤӤĽӣ˶Ĭˡ
޵ģ޵ģһ޵ġ
ֱӻڳЦġ
ȺһҪ¹󣬿֪гɹжļᡣ
ʵҲԴպϳԡ
ӤӤ˵
ȷʵԡζҲб仯˳üЦĽӱ죬ͨͨӵ˹濪
˽ӣԳԷ
ӤӤʢɽ
ɽʣ̼ζ٣ζץס䣬ӤӤɵƺǻھԶִǱʱϲȥǼҷݣƺҲ
ֻҲزȥˡ
Ѿϡ
ҹĻǹ㣬ɫ
ңңɽžžıӤӤ΢꣬˳ȥ
׷˼·
㣬ôӤӤʡ
Ŀߣ㿴һһľһɽһˮ
Ϳˡ
ϱħ֮ıڡʱħûˣֻһҹ֮䡣
ֻǻǱסȥôˡ
㡣ӤӤ͵Ϳ˼һץץܿ콫Լ˹ȥţ˵Һӣжأ
ɲ˵ĻæӤӤĻ
ʵԼҲȷӤӤܻá
ӤӤһһ쳤ӤӤڵѪҺҲϸѪҺѹסħһ졣
һħӤӤڣʱпܶӤӤʵ׼ȷ˵ʵҲûȫѹƹڿѹƣһֱӤӤߣϢħ
ҪӤӤ˯ʱǲߣÿζʣħ͸֡
Ǹڤˮ֦Ҳڿ֮С
һڤˮ֦ٹأҵ𣻶ҵڤˮ֦ԸԸ֣Ҳһ⡣
֪ͣͣߵɽſڡ
ŵĵǺȵһ˯о
֮£ӤӤɵÿһۣĿ⽻֯һɲ֪ʲô
Ŀԣڳҩɾơ
һҲô
۾ٿ֣סӤӤ˫ۣÿƣΪҲ֪ôסȻԸ񣬲ȵġ
ӤӤЩίһһ㶼ûȵ
귢˲ڴʱ뿴ô
Ȼǲġ
ӤӤЭңľˡ
Ϊ˲һԲӡ
Բ֮м˺춹棬̲ѪӤӤڣӡ
һȦӤӤЩˣϣͷ
ѩӳģķ
ǰŮûɵӤӤ޷֦֮÷÷ӳѩ÷ɫѩɫӨ
ӤӤôЩ£մȴԵޣĽ浾
ôӦҲˣûҹˡ
ʵزҹһˣ벻أûʲô̫˾͸ЪϢҲûʲôҪصĹء
˯ӤӤط˯ӤӤ˯ú죬ҲûѣҲֻȥӤӤط
̼˴ЩеӤӤ˼ӤӤڴϣҴñǣغô
Ϧ֮ҹħֳеӣѹ޸ҴģҺ֮ʢ
ӤӤڵǿħѾʼ
ӤӤߣűץӤӤֻ֣ñ
ӤӤ˸͵ͿţǺڸɬĿҲƵúܡ
ʱпܰѺơ
ӤӤˮûʱֻӤӤѾˣ۾úܴβκ죬ɢ뵡
һӤӤߣбˮιӤӤ
Ҫ˯Ļ·˯Щû˵
ӤӤͷ߿ȱȥֻһ¡÷Ҳɢĺ
ɺǴѪħʴɵģǵıٶůҲûʴ
һʱӤӤıԼһϢħ䲻
֮ǰں̶ʱסں˷ϢڷѾȫסô
ǻҪԵġ
Ҫѹסأ
߶Լ·굽ӤӤĸСø첲ӤӤ§˻С
һԹЧܸоеŮΪĲ˲٣ҲոƵԡ
Чͺá
ʵҲ֪ԼϵķѪʲô̶ȣֻӦǲͣϾܸٷ١ҪѪϡ֮ˣǲмһ˵ġ
ԼѪţʮʱ㱻ѡУڻǼΪķ档
ֻ֪Լĸĸ˭Ǵһ̳ѪԴ𣬱Ǹѩˡ
ӤӤһ֮õСĸʮǰʧٵһŮ̡
Ϊߣͱ˾Žףлɽǰ޹˺ߡǳ̵ֱʡ
Ҳ˵ڵӤӤʱ綾һӤӤ˳֡ӤӤ御ܽŽ״ĶԳ̶ȿ֪ѾӤӤ˲඾
ǵʱѩʱ򣬲ɽΣȡѪӤӤⶾ
ԭŮ˸ĸµܵãߵĳ谮ѾӦˣ谮ߣҪ
ʶһȿӤӤܲ˳ۣͬӤӤĽӴҲֻѩҪֻӤӤһħ֮һҹȥ뷣ѩ̸һҹ
ѩǿҪ˳ӤӤ꣬ӤӤҲǳҪˣ첻ħ壬ҩɾȡ
עܲӦе꣬ڶݵļʮУԸóź
ơ
ɢȥǰ·
ӤӤѾûʲô֮ǰԹˡ
֪ʲôʱʼֻסӤӤһ꣬һ£һ죬Ǻõġ

ڶ죬΢͸˽ɽԶԶžӭ죬۾
ңȻӤӤ˯һϡ
˲Ž˯˯ҲûʲôӤӤüǵĽë콻֯һ
ӤӤɫЩ϶˺첲˯ţظ
˳µķ϶ĿⲻɨһƬɫĥİףͨĳؾѩ
æջĿ⣬ֻʱӤӤ͵ͿǷӤӤˮ
ˮѾˣָתˮȣŵݵӤӤߡ
ʵοԺ̶ܴǱŵá
ֻǵԼòʱסˣΪλ˯ԼȥԼ£˭֪
Ȼ˯һҹ
ӤӤΪոյĿԴʧѪɫӤӤ˻ȥ
Ҫǻ˯Ļ˯һ𡣡
˯ˡӤӤҡҡͷץס󣬳Ҫͻˡʰʰȥ


31 

Լ嶼, Ҫźȥˣ
һ󲻿죬üۣ
þ, ֲǲ֪, Ҳ㡣
ֻһ, ûб˼
ˣ
һ˿꣬ĸоԾͷ, Ҳ˵ôģǲӤӤȥ
һʱ͸оԼǰԧ컰֮еǸӡ
ӾͰӰգҲԧ졣
˵Լ, õţ΢飬Щ
ܻ, һһʲôҪǳȥȾ˷纮, һʱ䲻Ͷô
뵹Ҳе, ӤӤڴǰ
ӤӤ۰Ͱ͵صеĲԽˣȥСӤӤҩҪԼҵ, ȥЩ
հҩ, ͿŮڴϣ˵üɫ, ЦݾҪ
Ǻһʱûйġ
ԾûȤҩ, ת˳ȥ

֮, ѩڳϻص, жΣһжԭɵؽš
¾ٰ죬ʣ£ڵĵǰи굲ţỹԶúܣвץչصıչأĶ
ȻиÿӦִеõѹɽóϴµܵÿߣ¸Ԥ㣬ĳͣԵӵԶԶᡣ
ѩûʲôЧóֱӴŵסӤӤһٿߣʱӤӤرɢϳϺ͵ӱһһѵܵԼǰ߿࣬ΧΧ۵ԽԽ࣬Ҳֻܸȥá
Щûִе϶һĻҡ
ӤӤΣֻץһ˼˼ͨ޷Ǿץаèֻæִû˵ҪִиѶȵġ
ӤӤչڲ鿴ݣ
һƽŮʧٰÿʮԲ֮ҹƽ򶼻һ˼ҴĿǻ˼ұضһŮʧδƣڣƽѾʧŮӡ
Ϊҡ
ûдӦĽ֮µֻĽ֮ϻעǼʺϽӵ
ĽжΣִ´ࡣ
ʵڲߣǰδƵһǸڵӺԸֵġ
ڸ𷢷ĵһӤӤ񿴼һͲֱл¡ˣӳЧţһڲˡ
ЧĹӣӤӤǳ鴤
һʱûȥɽˣȷʵù˲١
ʲôǺþûһִˡ濴еƣ̾˿ƽɲҲʵûˡҼǵƽҲԼפš
ڰǰפƽϵųȫž𡣹аҲǳ롣ǰҴġ
ǳĳӤӤڻ¡
ɱңҼͷ­ȥ۾߸ڷϣó˵ʬڵϻз󣬷ʮ˫۾
ķ̶ʵ̨ѯʣ̨Ҳ˵ʲô
аӰ죬ƽǰҲˡҼһŽգֻмȮȸżмֹڳš
˶˽ʮԪڡ
ʵһɽģߵŽʱ˾ҩϲǲ˰лҩ£ӤӤֻһƽ
ǵýϣЩȥ׼ӤӤϲĹԲҪһԡ
ֻƽϣӤӤоҪʳˡ
ⰸʵЩӡ
ֱҵŮӵǼң̸ֱ˽ϸӦİڸҲˡ
һа뺦ˣ඼йɡЩŮŮٸг廨ţ˿Ҳκιͬ㡣
˵޹ˣƫƫ˸ÿ¶ʮԲ֮ҹʵڸ㲻Ҫʲô˷úܡ
ӰӾȾƽ򡣡
Ӹĸױ𰡡
ӸŮ
һ˫˫еؿԼ۾ӤӤ֣صͷ
ӤӤǺױ򶯵ˣԳ²ΪξȻϣڱʱܻƲסȥ֡
˯ƽջϰŵķ䣬ת˿ջƽĺƸߵ㣬ʲôʱϹȥ
Ӱްοա
ӤӤͷţһƽ϶ĸ¶ê
ʹþںͬԻ߳Աвͬţһ˳񣬵Ȼôô
и
ƽϣûκаϢֻֿܣһǷ˲аңƽϳֵǺˮа
õΪаȿаѶԸ
ǰߣִӺοɽ⣿
΢һʱӤӤٿһĵĿԹߣˡ
ӤӤѸٴ͵ԼڳϵĶêѭſ˹ȥֻһ˼ͻأصƻͨ˿֮˿
ûȥ
ܿ죬֨ѽһˣһŮ˳Ů֮⣬ǻ˼¾Ȼڳ˯ŮߵſڣֻһݴӰд£Ůץݣ
²˳٣ӤӤϢᤣһϴŵϼӣҲȥ
Ḷܸ́оԭռ΢ĸѸУܿжϳӦͨеĳռ䷨֮С
Ůʱֹͣƶץݣͣ˰֮С
Ϊ˱ݾߣӤӤҲһ֮ϡ
Ҫ飬Ψеȴ
ʵа֮ģӤӤż
ֻҪаñսڴһ˲䣬ս־ûҪٴȥˡ
⼸г٣жʱǸԸԼϱС
ա
һóģһĽָÿϧˡ
ֻڻǴ洢̫ˣΪ˱˷ѣÿִ֮ὫתƸ
ڻˡ
Լһʱ䣬оʲôݡӤӤϢ֮У赣ı֡ûɵĽŻס
𽥼ٵʧ⣬ǰָⶼ亹ӤӤҵ飬æʱĵҩɲʸѹȥ
ݻơ
ӤӤܿ˴Ϸ΢
Ӧһϸһͳ
ϸģץĿרŸĴӣ˿ɻ⣿
ӵȻãƫƫҪŮӵΪҩǰץǼĵģûһʵġҪץĵĴӾͺˡ
ϸڨЦҪƽҵġҪҸĵĴӣ²Ǳ䱾ҪҸȥߵˡ
Ұ£Ҳ㡣
ʧֹͣƶһתۣӤӤԼһջķСʲôݣǱ°Ůڵϡ
ӤӤܣûзʲôˡߵŮԱߣ̽̽Ůӵ
ʾŮӲ޴󰭣ֻ˯ˡ
Ҫץˡ
ոճԵҩƳһҩ裬һʱ֮һʹ֪
һʱȥ֮󣬸ոձεʹӱ
˵һҩ˵һ涾
ûѡ
Ⱳһֱ˾˺
ҩ֮ǰҲùҲҩЧʧЧʱȫϼʱҲ͹ˡ
ӤӤųջ

ԷСһ˿΢ĹԲ̾˿
˵Ǳ겻ɢ϶ˡ
дڵĲ˹ڣСȥִģ
ֱΪϲ
֪ӤӤȥִǰһʱ飬ȥ׷Ҳ
ָһ㣬ӤӤܾҪˡ
¶ʮһӤӤ
˵ڲ̫ԶƽһУÿÿҹƻԻͣΪ֣żϡ䱦߻ȥϼ©
©ǰǲùϵԼߡ
ϵЩν߼Ϊų⣬һߵݣҪץпĥ
в߲࣬ƾԼĸǿΪ뻹ǿαװ
߳ڣҹʮԲ֮ҹӦøеһȴ
ƾż䣬ҵƽеڡŵǸͷ
ǹ
һƵĻһͣͷʹôһ
ԭȥɡ
еȻųѪŴѪĻѪмӡоſΧŵļĿ׷׳Ͷ
˺ڶ֮࣬ͨͨ಻˵෱࣬ԷΪͳΪ
һƾһԷֱߡҲзѪİλ硣
еĿģܲҵһзɣʯĿʯ
ӤӤϼǣչҲԼɽˡɣʯʵһὣҷɣʯ̺žĻʺӤӤ
ʵ磬ԴܲƽʮУռ˾ųɵԴʣһںСŷ䡣ɣʯѰ¢ϣϼϼ¢һ
ƽϻɣʯʱڹѰҵĿռôԴȻмȥѰ©˵еһ
ʯ̯λϣʯһƯĿȸһβϵëһд
λ͹٣µġ͹ٿĸ˿͹ۣ۸ʲôȸĵ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôܸоǰŮɢһԳϢȫʶذԼ̯õĶó
ǰŮſžǸǮҪܴ򼸼һҲû׳̯̯λɲˡ
뵽⣬ȸԽԼĿʯ
͹뿴ϼʯСŵˮоͻСô󣬺ʺϱӣı仯ҪסֱӴ߾С
ڤרؽãǿᡣעܱ״ǧ
˵ţȸһڤϴһӴ˼顣
ҡҡͷĿ̯λһڵʯͷϡ
ҪǸ
ȸһ͹ҪǸʲôǾǿʯͷŵġ
ϼʯҪˣ⼸ǧ꾧Ҳһߣ˳ǿʯͷˡϰۡǹһĨײЦ⣬ãҼȱһŵʯͷ
ȸȻ⣬£Լ̧ò͵ļ۸һҲֻǸеһʱæϼʯǿʯͷ̧ǰ
͹ټסǿȸһͻţÿ͹Լţõ˿͹ٹеĺ顣ȸĵʡ
һ룬Ĵָ̲סȻ𾴡ڹдָϡǼò˵ġ
Ȼǰλ󣬲ʼġ
͹ߣߡ

Ҳû뵽ԼãŽһоҵ˷ɣʯ΢С˵㣬һġ
ɾɣʯʵؼΪϳˣѰɾϹŵķɣʯҲټõġ
ɣʯΪ£ƷƷƷĸȼƷƷɣʯʵ𽥳γƷ֮ǻԽǣͬʱϢⲿ޷ԽµķɣʯԽһʯͷ
ϧܶûµķɣʯɣʯü©ı
ĻɣʯӤӤһˡ

߳УһΪĸоϯȫ
󲻰ԴѪҺ
һֵѪӤӤӤӤΣӦΪС
ӤӤΣա
ƣŸܿʹǱߵõӤӤľϢ
ĵص㣬ƽ


32 
ոƽĿٶ, ƺ´ʲôָڵϵŮ˳ſķȥ
ӤӤŮ
ģԹߡ
֮ע˺ǿľ, ӤӤҲר˵, ױؽȥ
Ҳ֮ǰʧֵԭ, Ͼܶͻ֮ǰӶԾС
ӤӤ¹, ⾫Ӧҡ
ֵ̨Ĵʻʲôţںϡ
߹һ⣬ӤӤִļвѾɢ
ң಻, Ҳһ׵ߣӦûܶԸ
ԼԴЩָ㹻缶սˡ
񣬼Ů
Ů˳¥ݻ, ˳쾮ȥ, ڿջһ¥ĵط, Ȼһڴ󶦡
Աߣˡ
һһݣһһߡ
ߵǸۣмɷǣȻ, Ҳ޷ϴǹѪԱ߷һɫĺ, ǴӺ֮дġ
Ǹ󸹱, ڴȵóһͷŷ硣
֮зӿҺʰɫ, ɢϢ͸߸ʿϵϢһģһ
ڴ֮а, Ӹո˵Ļ, ӤӤƲⶼ֮ǰŮӵࡣ
࣬ؿЩơ
ҡӣýŮȥͲһζˡķҲɡ
ʿ˰Ѳ񣺡ⶼǺ顣һͽˣƫƫļҲֻܳ²ߡ
ƽղϰˣˣʲôںģЦһҿ֮ǰһʱҲûôĴ
һţ
ӤӤ
ƽפصţǸܴͳļ崫ɡ
ǰǰаѪϴš
ĽҲҵǵһյĴΪ˱еҲ޹ֵ֮ǰԼǱԹһѪϴҡ
ӤӤϵŮϡ
ǣŮߵٶȸˡ㹻ʱüҪ˵ʲô
Ҫǳȣ˭붯ôͼţڼߣȫߵĲףҲ۸۸ͨˡԶֶ֡
㽫ƳֵõˡֻϧýҼ洫㶵סǲ֪鰸Ѿͷж꣬¶ˡ
ʵ鰸ʱӤӤȷʵɹһЩˣյ鷢̨֮󣬲ٵصĴҲ̲ʲôˮǺ޳ҲǺġ
ң޹ֵͨˣλǿԹ飿
˵ûּܡ
ȫпܺҹ֮˵ļ䣬ûзκ˿
ǲдģΪ䱾ڸӣڽڶζλۣ˿ȥ޸ı˵ļ䡣
еӡӦôСǸţĸǲˡ
֮˾ԱѲ䣬϶һ㡣
ⲻ̴ҵķҲʿЦЦ̧ͷϿһۣЩ֣ôߵô
ϢĨۼϼڸϢǲûзֱ°Ů󻹸һˡӤӤ׼ʱȴǵʿ
ϴץ˲֪ôʼûҲµϿ档õ֮󣬴׼δã
ôöУֻҪⳤϵҶʡ

ӤӤջ֣Ů󣬵ո˵Ļв׽һϸڣǱֻȫϿŮӲܱƳҩ
ϿһֻȻǻӦǾܽġ
ӤӤųһ˿ǰŮʶ֮̽
Ȼ̽ŮʶΧһǳĤĤɢһ˺ܲϢ
Ӧþǵʿ˵Ͽˡ
һ̽ЩʧЦ
Źֻ˵ģ֮ٳҲͻһͨˣ΢ӲĶû󷨿ơ
ĹҲȱȫϿˮƽߡ
ȻվˮƽǰʿΪ
ҵʵף˳һŵĵʿʵҲȥٻ۷ˮƽʿΪܵס
ȥúúõôģÿˣҪһӹͽԩꡣ
ϵߣܹĽµӾִе񣬼ֱǺˡ
Ľ׵ľȻ֮ô󣬵ҲС
Ͼڡ
ᵤδᵤΪ⣬һᵤ߾ʲôҲܺδᵤߡ
ӤӤס˺
žŮʶԵߣһĤһ
ֻһûϿ󣬵ƵϿҲȫסŮˡ
Ϣ֮ŮӽŲһģд¥ˤµԤס
ǵʿ鲽ֹץסŮɫһݣ
ôģոջǻúϿ棬ôôѳˣ
Ӽˣôֳˣҵҩ
ȱ𼱡ʿæȥץһŮӡ˴˺¡
ѧղС
ʿŭԣһڿҪŮӲϣ˹ȥŮҪӵ֮С
ѪĽ
ŮûڶУڶеǵʿһֱۡ
ֻ˲Ϣ֮ʿֱ˲仯һ̯ѪˮУֱѪѪǰһ˿ĵʿ飬ֻرȥ
ʲôζҩѪɾͲɾˣĪҪҡ
ɣɵˣ
ʿ°סϱ۴ѨλֹѪ˭
شֻд֮йཹཱུݡ
аƤˣͷС
ʿʶ˹ݡ
Ͳ˭ܵݵĿơ
ĹԽ̶ȻӤӤûʲôʵʵӰ죬ôⷳꡣ
ľԶԱ۷ߣϾЩվҪþѹΪ׻޵˾档
ĿǰѾжεĽ׶ΣˣҲ̫Զ
ǱŪ÷꣬оЩƲʡ
ѾµҩʱˣҩҩֻһʱҪʣµİʱսپ
պһûȡʲôˣϳȡոպá
ӤӤԵŮָⴢָȻǸõģʱˡƿʿֱȡǰӶһӺϡ
ݽӴֱӳɣʮ˿֡ɰ֮ת鲽ڵʿ󣬵սӴʿ֮ʱȴ˿ûмȡ
ָоǰǸħĺŮӡ
֮пտյֻƤңˡ
ӤӤߣ


33 
һʱ, ӤӤȻƿǵʿӤӤæ齣ԡ
ཻ, , ˷ֱú˼, ӤӤбϵѪɫȫʧ, ҩվԭء
ҩʹĸ֪ȫڵ״̬
һǵʿǸСҲû, С˽ɣҿԷߡ
ӤӤϻ, ν̹ȥ, ǵʿһغ, ƳʿӦ׳εΪ
׳ΣǽľǺʤ㡣
һװ֣˾, ͬʱΪ̳, ֱȡʶȥ
֪ΪΣ̳ľƶ˻
ķӤӤ˿Ѫ, 𾪣Լǵһⷽܡ
ûôǿ, ǿķ
, ʿὣ̹, ֪ݶŮЧֱ˹ݡӤӤʿһᴩ˼
ֻӤӤоʹֻܸоȺҺӿ˳ʪ·
Ůãûȵʿ׷˵ʿ
ѾͷǷôоʹ
ŵתƵ˵ʿϡ
ѽϴ˶ʱԣϽòŪģԲңж۶Ϊûһж֮ʹġѾͷôս
һ˲ͷϽ£ʿ֪һ㶼մȾãæܣȴƵ˴󶦡
󶦵ڵϣɼ꣬й̵ѪˮʳֱӰǻԵİ˸ʴ˰׹ǡ
ʿʱ˲ñˣ¥϶ѪˮŮпϲ

ѾͷȻӵߣ
ҪѾͷΪãµӵߣʱ˺ģͿԼˣ
뵽⣬ʿϲʤĽ׵ѾͷôĶֱ֣͵ĻԵ
ŮĽܳŶã죬ԼĻĲ
ĽжΣҲҺ
ӤӤ¥׷֣΢΢ϢţѪˮȳܡˣ˳ȡ;ȫɲó
൱ֱӱˣô
ӤӤвδ⡣
Ҳδ˽ϰеĽӰԿƣһѺܲ齣ѩڵ֪ҪѧʱصشԼһƷصظѡġ
ӤӤջ¥ȥ
ʿ׷ӤӤѾ֮
ʿ׷ӤӤסֱӳʿӭȥ
ǰһҪͷʿæ£ֻ̹ǣæԱһܣֻһɾʹӺ󱳴
ոջǰŮӰˣһӰʱվ齣еµѪӳӰӡ
ӤӤ֪һȻ˵ʿûʧȥֿСһ޷͸ʿĹͷ˼ࡣ¥ϣͬʿ롣
һһ׵ֻ߲ܿ䲻⡣
ȻѾƣԼҲš
ӤӤƽźող֮£ʣʱ䲻ˣⲻʱƷʿľ

ӤӤڲԭأϢ΢΢ʿΪߣһϲǰʱֻŮٶȰŲֱȡŶ
ʿЦһΪӤӤʼʩٶϵ
æ齣һ
ΣŮһͷϡ
Ǵ͵Ϯôô
»ڵĵʿֻȫ¶ӵһһڷʴľ
Żԭȣƺһɲߵı塣
ҪɹŹֻܿͻᡭ
ħ
ÿӤӤʱħҪอ޷ѹħˣħһԽħǵʿڡ
ħˣħ壬϶ܡ
ţȻҧһѪӲǿбڵ˳
ͬʱĵһʹոǿбƳɻֱӽɣĽ𵤱Ѿѡ
һΪЩŮˣ
۾׹¶Ĳ룬ֻǰŮʬΣ
ǸոջӰһŮʱȴƲһǽϣ˿ոյдݡ
ӤӤʿԭ忡ӱһӤӤһۣħЩΪ
Ůոʹõֶ̺ħ˳ħƾʲôħһԼţֻ͵˼ħ޵ҪԼ֮ǰɻ
ģ
ʱҩЧӤӤ飬ʧѪ齣᲻
һһƽȳӰӤӤץĵǹɷ񱻼
ҲҪʿͬھ
ʱңңƺһԽķ
һļʸӳĴХĿ̶ֱӹᴩʿļǽϡ
ӤӤϳʸһɣ齣һڵϡȥɲûԤ뵽ֱˤڵϣһϤĻ֮С
ÿѺ仳֮УϣЩҲһʡ
ҩˣʴǰʹˮһû
ӤӤУֻͷСһҲҶ
ǿڴָ֮еŮ˳
ǱץߵˡӤӤϸԼ˵Ϣһ۱סĵʿҪͣǡ
֪ӤӤ򵥴һӤӤϵ˿ڡ
ӤӤϵ˿ڴ󲿷ǸղŲĲˣصҲǸոյʿ̵һ̵Ǽ򣬲û˵ͷ࣬Ľ׵ʿ˵¡
شһԭǳȥǿ裬ʱѾܵˡ
һʹȻǹȼ˸λĳĴǺ¡
ҲǸ߹ԺٳֶôҪԼһӲʦ㣬һûʲôǲ֮ǰǼβˣ
㲻ġӤӤͷУ
⼸ദ˽˲١⵭ĮȴԳƵ
Ͷһ
ֻܼ죬ԳƵᡣ
ң㲻Ҳô
ӤӤָϰԵȥץǰ֣˱ܣӤӤץ˸գָ⻮ӡ
⻬Ȼ˵ĺΡ
ǳԹѩ֮ϣһκ죬
ӤӤ΢ңһʱѹסԽˣβҪŪ·ûס
ָǵѪ⼸ȵ䡣
ʵȾָ⣬ǷɻͬӻһȾϣ˳ָӡ
ʱͻȻ֣ӤӤʵ̫ˡ
˲ʹʾ£ӤӤûд󺰴еʱ
ֻǾܿסĶϣЩʵܲˣĿ|ҲǼġ
·ƴҪעһ
Ͳ֪еʱǿ̲飬ᱻҽߺô
ˡ
ӤӤϵƣӤӤϵ˿ճϣ̫ôټħʱĳ룬ľอأеĲλѾٳ׶ѡ
ӤӤڵѪҺҲûٽЩ޲ֻһӤӤʹࡣ
Խ̽飬ԽӤӤƲֹۡ
鵹ҲޣΪΣյħ
ħʴӤӤľ༫ȴٹ˵ӤӤһ¶оĿܡ
ʱֻ˾ҩϼҲ
üģ˼ʱٿؼӤӤƺʲô˿УȻӡ
ʶסӤӤĲӣ
ԣ³졣


34 
ôһ, ˵ӤӤٶӿһѪɫ
ȫûƲһţ, ׵Ĺ⻪ȴ쳣ᶨ
ĿЩϤ, һ澵, Լ
ҪβġӤӤѹȣЩ˻, ʦ㣬ɡ
ӤӤ˱ϹϾСʦ㡱һӤӤһֱС㡱, ҲΪ׺ӤӤĴʣֲɿˡ
֮, ӤӤ״̬Щڶʱö, ҩЧᱻϡͲ, ڶöֻǿѹһѹڵʹվ
֮Ҫβ׼ȡʿļ䣬ţΨмʵġ
ȡ, ҲֻѩСȻǿ, û취ȡĶȱȫ
Ŀγ, ĩͬڿγȫԱϸ񣬹ʶö֮ȡˡ
ߵǵʿǰ, ȻʿƳ, ħʴѾڵʿ˿ֲħơʿҲ˻˹ȥ
ʸ, һˮ˵ʿϡ
ʿѹʹһɤӣŹġ
ǰŮΪȻܿģź֪Ůô˱Գţ
ѾҩֻŮӷһ
ûʣʿССŵˡƽʱҲץС֪ҪѰãܻܲ켸ǮʲôġСô˷֪ȻвС˵СҪǲҪ˵СħҪʮŵ׽áС̰ˡ˲ɥ顣λŹСһɣСҲˡ
̹״ӿܴϵĵ˭⻰߰˰ΪԼ֮ʡ
ӤӤϾиõĵõʵķ
㣬ԡȡļ䡣ӤӤڣѾ׼ˡ
ףȨӤӤ
ӤӤոֱӽĵ˵ʿԴϣһǱĤľҲħմȾ飬㹥˵ʿʶմȡʿļʱȻоʿʶͣһǿ˺ľС
ӤӤа֪ãæԼľӵʿʶг룬ѾˣԭǲٶȾ£ʯľιС
һУһϡ
֮ǰоǹǿԭûбħʴʶʱɢȥ׽
ôʹþĸ֣ϱû˵
ȫûʱˡ
һ־ʶһӰ죬ҪǲС
ӤӤжͬһƾĹͨǿҵķɳʶӤӤȳһѪ˹ȥ

ʱѾں̶ԡͰ֮Уԭͷ˿Ѿϣֻͷอʹ
ͷʹΪʶอΪһʱϡ
ͷһŷԼϲŴƣԡͰ֮ţֻˮƯŵĲҩҶߡ
ʮ꣬ҲЩͷѾ֮ԼΡ
ճϼҲժö˶˷ʯϡ
ˣתСϵˮСҨ𣬵ݵӤӤߣӤӤſȣӣܾ˻
̡ӤӤԵˮһӿ˳ɤ΢΢ɳƣŲ뵽ճʱֺҶϹĳ¶
Ҵ
ӷŵԼߣ˴ȷ˲ιӤӤ
ӤӤ̰غݹˮӿ࣬ڰˮмЩۣԴֹ
ѾͻȥˡǵʿԱҲûʳʲôιˮʱ콫βõһ
Ϊǿջʵǿջƽ֪˽֪Եҩ֮պһ˷ĵʿһļϣ֪ṩأʿƵҩ
ֻⷨӿɲʲô˵ķӣҪŮӵ࣬Ů˵ҩ
ƵĳϵҪһζӵģı󣬸οƽϰŮޣʮ˼ңӵĻʿѡÿµʮѡһϵŮӣ࣬ȡƣܴʱ䡣
ں˶ǲں
ѾŮӣҹӤӤµǸǵ߸
һȦδг֪͵ʿ֮˳ĺۼǿаŵѪˮҲǵʿ֪ͶܺŮӵѪ
ⷨ͡ӤӤ̾ǵʿǰӵĻһŮδϿݱɵʣҵǱŮô
ЩȻʲôŮӣ
иŮǻûü֣ˡӤӤ׷ʣûҵô
լԺڳ˵ʬǣǼ˷ΣʧٵλŮӡ
뵽⣬Щп񣬿ܺߵļǱͷʹޣγϣҲܳء
սǿͨˣȴħӻΪһ֮˽ָ޷ͨգʵǿ֮ǧζƽзߺޡ
뵽ڵʿǰԼ֮ʣӤӤʣ
ʲô
ӤӤû֣ͬҲû
֣Ҳֲ֪ʲôɣаħ֮
ѩʱѩҲȫ֪ɵĴڣͷǴŸɽȣԴһ
ɽȫ鱨ɣȫ¼ûзɽȲ֪飬ˣɽȶԴ˽Ҳȡ
⵹Ҳַɽ鱨УųҲʮ⾰Ҳʲôɣ׼ȷ˵ڶûգ·һЩ氮߹ͬļء
֣˵Ҳǳ˾Űģûʲôʵʺ塣
һȺͲ˳С֯˭أ
ųЩ꣬ȻûʲôɾͣȴҲǰؼûʲôˡһͨϹĵҲŪ˵ŵ汾ɿܵ˷׷˻󲿷Ҳһ׵ˮƽĽ׵ҲûС
߲ܣǷ䣬ҰɢޣֻҪźյ裬ͿɶԼŵˡ
ǵʿԼŵˣʵҲûʲô⣬Ҳ׷顣
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪ļٵģôӣȥҲ鲻ʲô
ĽͣӤӤ
ôԶ֮еʱôư
氮ߣֲʲôġ
ȻˣӤӤδȫ
ֻһɢ޼ɣӵôǿľܸоʿʶеžǿѾʶݣҲǰ˽ϵǿߡ
߽ͻƵ˽ʱΪƴ󣬲̨ܲ˰˽֮ϵǿ߶̨¼ڲᣬܻǼɢޡ
ϸо˺ͶһʣϺˣȴ֮
֪ķǣû˺ܿͻԼҲ⡣Щ൱ֱΥķ
˼Щϸʱ˾ҩ˽
˾ҩǣӣΪҲС˾ҩڿ˽ദȴΪ͡ڿϵӡ󣬺ܶ˲ȥҩüλ϶սս˻ѵӣвԵͷܡ
λø˾ҩǣӤӤתͷԸ˼䡣
Ĵȡζҩ
ӤӤЩΡ
ȻڳĶŮˣ幹춼࣬ԡͰ֮ʵ߳ܣ˵
ˮϸһҩҶܼȫסˮµӡ
ܳһܶҪɹʹҲĶǵ˼еȲҪ룬סǹؼģҪ˰ˣòʧ
ǵĶһһ£ǳ뿪ӤӤ˼ǳ˿Ϸⱦͽں̶棬ӥץСһ뿪ˡ
Ǻһߣ̶ֻʣˡ
ӤӤ˫ֻǰ˽λ֪ôոܺ˵ģȴԽš
뷨תȥģҲῴ㡣㻹ûʲôɿġ
ҪǲǾ䵹ãһӤӤûסֱըëûʲôɿģڶһҴòã
̧ۣ΢ô˵㿴ҵˣ
ӤӤʸڷϡ
ȻûУӤӤΪʲôôȷأ
ǰ΢ЦݣӤӤֻñƺϱӵħǰǰ
Σ֮дŹƻĵĹ졣
ӤӤͷעˮƯĲҩҶץһƬ
ҩ֪ùʲôڿȥǺʡ
ʯ£е飬ûмȥǿӤӤķ
ӤӤģҲҩԡͰġ
ȻܿԼȥӤӤ壬˶ԡͰ֮е˲ƳڷƮȥ϶֮Уѩ׺֮ǿɫࡣ
֮ǰ˺üһŨīڽ׵ֽϣȾ
̾Ϣһе顣
֮ϡ֦ʷֺպգ쳣Ŀ


35 
ڳ֮, ڤˮ֦ҲǽĴڡ
˵֮ڤˮ֦òݣ÷֮¡׷ɱһչ˻ǣ״ҡ
ڷ䴫, ³ɼҲ, ֻΪ»Ƕ׫޴ӿȻ˵˶ᱻȥ, Ҫһ棬һ˻
, ڤˮ֦ķȴ˼ﷻ伸ԳƵϺ޹ϵ
ڤˮ֦Ϊһҽ͵еģֻҪûκ, ܱ
ڤˮƢֵúܣӲѵĲʱ, ֻҪħ͵һСͤ, ³, Ȼ붼Ҫ뿪ͣպʱԭħǿиһ֢ȫޡ
д󵨵ĸҲһ͵ڤˮƣûһܻŽȥųġǸҲ͵ɢɡ
˵ԭԥһ˿Ļ, ӤӤѾ쵽ȭͷ֮, ֪ȡ
ѪȻڶ࣬Ҳʲô
ӤӤ΢תЩ, ʦ˵һӤӤɽڤˮ֦
ֻѩΪڤˮ֦, ӤӤĸ̾ڤˮ֦СҲɲźá
ӤӤǰħ, ľͱˡ
⼸ӤӤ, ֱӿħӤӤӰ졣ʴľʹอħֵˣһʮ죬նҪ³ܿɬҩֹʡ
ΪħʴӤӤ˿ٶҲյصӰ죬ӦϾͻϵ˿ڣڻϼ죬˺ѺѪֹ
֮ǰӤӤڵѪҺѾԶԶ֧ţҪιӤӤԼѪͻﵽѪ
ѪǷ˵һ츳츳аҲǴԼѪӵз˼͵ǺͻָҲ֮Ѫ߿ơ
ֿǰһģֱӲӤӤжӤӤΪԼ˿ܡ
Բ׸·Ѫڲܡ

ѩѹҶ֨֨ظ죬ӵѩҷϸĺۼ
ϸչڻѩ֮ϣ۵ףЩۡ
ĽŲפ㣬δͷ
ԣ̶ͱˡӤӤ˯š
̶ͬȣϢƾֱܲ³Ҳ֪ӤӤġ
㶼γʲôöİһŵӣö˶˵ĴϿʲô⼸ûǣˣ
ûֱӳ̶ȥ
Сгڣתʱ㽫ոջʻˮֵ֦ɡ
ôö˶ˣŸ֦ĵôõôǿ㿾Ӿǿӡ
ǸġҪҪԼ࣬ñҺõöࡣش
ʱ˵ӤӤˣ˫޺۾֪ǺܺáٿѹöƵ͵ɫ
мڤˮϢôֱӿżɽʡ
̧ͷϵĶ˼֡
ڤˮ֦һйµС¹λѵء֮еλпܻףĴ紫ˣزס
Ҳزס
ϾҪ׽ڤˮ֦Ķ򶼲׽Ǹǧײβˡ
㱻֪ʲôأ̨λôѿʵʵɱĺպĿǰһڰǧʯλ
롣
лˡ
û׷Ǵĵ֪ЩϢ˭鱨ͨ
λѣеһλˡ
ѱλƵͬУ¼Ϊ͵ǧûʲôУȻֱµͷࡣ
ѵԴһħսҲΪǳսлʵɲ⡣
ȥҪЩ֪ģٹ¾ᣬѡμϼˡϼһ󷽵úܣѺѺͶóˡףΨͶ
ϲ˵ţҲһ䣬ɵͱͱʲôأô˵
ǱòѲã
ԺиڻĲ׻棬ҡҡͷЩ˦ȥôܣӰǸպǻֱ͵ĺûᡣ
ҪûǴ˫
԰ӤӤҼһ𳤴ûôá˫Խôˣ쵽֮ƺ⣬ɵõ㲻Ҽ䲻ӤӤɣ
ҲûôãֻӤӤ˫飬Щ⡣
˫Ϊ伫ǿϵһʹ˫Ĳǵ£ֵܽáֻѵ˻ʹ˫
˫ĥʱƱҪ˴ڣֵϳ֮Ϊ˫ޡ
ӤӤ˫ޣ
һ뵽㣬뵽֮˵׺ֲѸͷ
֮ܽ䰡
ٿͬԼƵ֮ܽλ
ˡĬĬתͷֻǾҼӤӤѳԺô
˶٣ζŸոһ䡰ҼӤӤһηĳƺƺܡ
ҲֵȥϸϸƷζ
۲һת̧̧֣ϵط˹ϥϡ
ԺΣҾ͹ˡ

⼸춼ҩԡ֮£ӤӤоԼҪζˡ
һӣڵر|¶ڶ̽ǰ
Ҳѩ͸λϣͬͬţʦʦʦʦá
䣬ЩƺǸѩǸСȡ֮һɫͬţʱÿ񶼼Ϊ˳죬ֻҪ֮ͬпɹԤס
û˶ﲻһжѩ͸ģû˾һݰ
ͬϱ¶ǶĿ϶
ľĺ̶⼸ճ֣͵ĸﲹƷѶڶѵ߲ˡΪӴ֮ӤӤɫף϶ΪЩ˵£ɴһа˶˳ȥ
ӤӤǳԶ˻ۡ
ʼסһʱԷ
⺮̶죬ֻҪһ࣬ûвĵطϾֻѹסħò
һֻ쵽һʺϣװӤӤɽҩ⡣
ȻԣʵڳԲˡ
Ѿųһ죬ԡͰ֮У˯˯˳ԣоθŴһȦ
֮£֣ʾԼԲˡ
ǳԲ£ŰգʲôʱˣҸá
⣬мƣӤӤоӦԼˣ˺ûʲô졣
㡣ӤӤ̽ػһ
ĳϦദ˿ԳƵܣ֮ͬ⣬ȴų⡣
õĴ򿪷ʽͬΪŮùϵͬһ𹲴Ĺ֡
֮⣬΢춯ôˣ
Щ䡣
ˮȷʵ֮ǰˣں̶죬ˮ½ĺ⼫ΪС
Ҳûҩˣҩˡûʲô
ãϳ
ԡһۣ̹ǵĺʹһҲҶҩóϸҩʹĹЧ뿪ԡϥţüšһ
ŸҨĺ̶ˮԡͰ֮УСĲú̶ˮ⽦
Լں̶ײĻ̻ܼȣҲ˵ȼԡͰ
ȵˮһӤӤ£ԼӤӤȡů˳ͬ˵ɢע
ϰԼΪӤӤȡůˣʲôֻ⼸ܴӤӤϸо΢Ľƺڿܡ
ֻӤӤûʲôҲЧδζ˻Уһ㱡ۣܸоӤӤ岻ϵĲ
ôʡ
öˡ
㻹ڷѾϰӤӤԼŵ磬ô
Щ
ǾǺˡ
ӣԼӤӤڡǵǰʱӤӤὫԼָȻٵѾӤӤܸˡ
ЧǺܺõģӤӤ϶Ȳ˻ּ»ġҪͺҵһ𣬾̫Ͼ¯Ҳըˡ
治֪ΪʲôǸСô£СһҲ±
ӤӤ䣬ˣŪۡ
ˮܿˡӤӤˮУӤӤ۷Ҳû¡ӤӤˮʱèһŵúܣֱץס
ŮֺɣҲšüһʱȻоӤӤ۾ʱǽëƺ۾ʱҪƯë΢һξӨˮеϹ¶
ֹأˮһ·ĵڤڤ֮ʲôٻջ
ȥû뺮̶ˮС
ŷ֣֮УСѾˣԭ۵ĿɰһּΪ浾Ľ֮Ȼ޹ء
۱ˮ͸ϣ֮Լߣ޴ӤӤѾˡ
ˣ㲻¶µСˡ

Եȣȥҩ
첽ҩݣ˺һԡ֮С
ҩϢ˼֣ԼոûƸ顣
Ƹ飬ȥѩˡֻµʱҲֱοɲϴܽ͵ˡ
˺ҩҶӣ֭ҺˮУӿҩա
ҩҶ˺ú飬Ҳ֪ڵʲôеĲҩҶӱԵӤӤƤ
ⱾµģҶˮʹ١񣬵ˮҲòС

һˮ
ոǵڴʱֱϣỬ


36 
ƿ, ȴʱһֻʪܵץס
ĳݶźš
ģסӤӤϸָԼ, ƿ˳ȥ
û, ֱӽ˺̶
̶ˮ䳹, ѹסıʱ޷Ǵػ
ˣƺԽԽˡ
ӤӤ֮ǰദ, ӤӤһСӣƽʱԼʲôע⣬Ҫϡ
ֻȴ˽ص, ǴûֹġЩ飬Ҳ֪⾿ǲ
ֻ뱧ӤӤдôûеġ
ֻӤӤˮ, дôҲûС
ǹ˵뷨ȴ, ͷԼ, бӤӤץϸĺӡ
ӤӤȥ飬ոֱӾܾǲǹڲˣ
ǧ˼һӿһϸһһʱ᲻ͷʱ̶нŲ
Ӻ̶г, ÷·Ū, ̧۱㿴һɫӷŮ˽
Ůͬһģһһ, ֻԱĽ㿴ȥӶ࣬ɵ塣
ӤӤ˯ˡæǰѡ
ͷ, еҩӷ, ˲衣˾ҩǵķԸ, ҩϾͻ뿪Ͼҩӹܵķ׷һѣӤӤ𻰡
ûż뿪̾˿
Ǹʦ㡣
ͻĵǸЩ⣬ɵתۿúܽǽࡣ
˵֮ͬоòûʲô̫Ƶĳɷ֡Ը񣬿ȥҪЩԲΪ
ҽʵޣ޷ҽӤӤ̾Ϣһڻ뵱ӤӤ˵ҽʵ̫ˡ
Щ˺ܾãҲ֪Ҫ˭ȥ˵ʦȻʣǷ¶ҪȤˣҲʡ
֮ͬٮٮߣΪΨһһͻƵ׽˽𵤵ĵӣǱĴڣʶͬһϹϾ̣֪Լʲôˡ
Ŷ󣿡⻰˵꣬ٿؼƺӤӤҪ곤һЩ
߶ԣʮ겻еһС֣ͨŮѾǿ̸ۼ޵ˡ
ֻӤӤȲôá
˵峺Ĳˮӳӣǲı
һ仰Щ̶ҲòʵӤӤӣ಻⾰һͷ

ں̶֮н˲ȶӤӤסˡǸʿĻЩ⣬ڳŮʬǵֺƽʧ˿Ǻϣ޴©
ڽţֻǰ򵥴һºʹ˺̶ûгѲһǶӡ
ܶҪȥô죿ҪһڻؾϵȥƺֽҲӦõġûȼѵԺ󻹻㲻Сġ
õĵӲĽףǵʿ൳ҲӦˡӤӤţҡҡ֣Ķ䣬һˮ㣬ȥɡ
ȫû뵽ӤӤͻȻЩָָԼң
ӤӤ˵ͷ㱾ǿţҪǰ汣ңͲҶˡֻӾͺˡ
ⲻǰԼҸѴô롣
ǳ鴤һ£ǿĻԺҪ˵ˡ
ʵ̫ʱĻˡ
ӤӤ֪ѾǰͬˣֻҪǰϣ΢΢סͻ᳹Ӧ
⼸ıԲˣڵֻҪһ̽ͻЭ
ӤӤͷпȥɲ֪δȬ⼸ˮݶ巢飬һֱС
䵽ǰɴɨпѩ׵ļԼһغɫ̥ǡ
̥ϱһΪźԡ£ʱ̥ǵĳصķģһ۱Ʋߵ
ӤӤͷһţʶҪܿȴֱӷסһʱӤӤǼϵԽͨ졣
ôô죿ĪǷˣ˴ӤӤ𼱣ȥ㰾ҩ
˵ţſӤӤ˼ζȵҩģС
ӤӤñ粵ֲ˵ǿ˲ÿ£ֻܺԩһҩ֪Ϊʲôҩո࣬͵ı
ӤӤ˼ֻȳЩҩĭʱֻһ̰õѣǰ
ùˣûü򣬳ѹѹɡϰԵزӤӤϺϵĭӣ˾䣬ôҪι㲻ɣ
ӤӤͻȻڼǰʲôιģȻ⼸ܶ࣬ա
˵ΪĬˣ¾ָ֣һѣݵӤӤߡ
ԼͺáӤӤæ
ɵݵߵĶֲܲԣӤӤ죬֭ˮ˳ʺ嵭˸ոҩĿɬ
ָӤӤĴָϰµıѾߴ߽׵ΪĨȥӤӤʶ򴽣ܺԸо΢һָ
Եļѹд֡һ˿΢𣬵ûйܣǽ˿
ȥܣһʱӦþͻԼ˵ġ
롣
עŻµŮһѣŮԵúèһԵϸ¡
ͦɰġ
ҪˣҪҪμôͻȻʡ
̨ӤӤϱ߽׵δػԿӤӤֶʵԾ죬˵ӤӤ⼸ִеǱʲôĶֻҪӴ֮󣬾һֵͼ־ܡ
ǵ͵һǺܸ߲εźӤӤҹϵĶӰ졣ѩҽúڸͬӤӤٽӽҲûбӰ졣
Ҫ̨Ͻ
뵽֮ǰڸǸ֣λӦҲμӣӤӤȥݺһʡ
ʹúܡ
϶ҪӵģӦֵܷʮ
ϼĻһ뿴ġӤӤʵʵ˵ǷȥɵģҪȡξ͸ˡ
ʵԼǷûʲôоֻѩй⡣ѩȻԼͽͬԴΪ١
⼸ĩ˵һ£ɱѩúڳ֮һ飬ŵ˼ó϶֪ˣһҿ˵ҪͷúýԼͽܡ
˻ڱչأѩʮ߰ܵ˵ǰš
ȥԣȥ֮ǰҪɽβ֪ȡڵħҺû£ѹƺħǰ鶼Ҫ
ӤӤ̧ӣ𾪡
趨֮Уκֻһλˡ
Щ趨òˣ趨Ǽǵλɳ֮еᡰ׹ǡϽסѡԼƼ˼µһҽڤˮ֦
λԭֻ֮ѺЩҲΪĳһȻƸڣǲݲһʴ
ʲôʱߣ
ʵҲʣܲ³Ҫȥҵڤˮ֦Ҳصˡ
Ϳԡ
ڴ֮ǰȥһƽɣ㡣

ƽլдȻһ졣
ʱľ䣬ֱӱ̳գۼΪһƬ棬Ҳеһ㡣
ץ£Ƿˡ
̳֮УһֳֶȻ˳Ⱦˡ
̮¥¥ĵŶ桢ݡ޽жûȻżֵǵıǰһ߮۾ûգһ¡
һ㶼û
·ƽаʧ֮£һʱ²˭֪רС
Һеڣվûȫݽȥ㱻˵òԼˣ˶ڵʰˡһĻᶼûˡ
ɣƹӾȻҲķ޴ӷйʱ߮һ
߮ͷֻŮվСĸڴ󣬽Ƿ绪䡣


37 
ԭӺչ߮ǳ鴤һ, ֻϣղӤӤûոը¥顣
ǰﻹãҲûĺۼƳһ߮˵һ䡣
߮ڨЦһ
ƹϿĺۼӤӤǰһ, ָ߮ͷ, ϿĲࡣ
һĶȻ, ߮ûӦӤӤָǰʱ, һججĸоʧˣֻ÷ˬ
ԹӤӤľٶȻ֪ӤӤÿɽִ, ھĻһֽЩڡ
Ҫ֫ĽӴ᲻̫Щ
֪߮ʲô, ֻú, ӤӤһָʱ, ӤӤ۵΢顣
ĪӤӤǸܡ
ܣԲܣô֪Ǹܣصǰˡ
ԵӺչȥõľ¥һٰɡ߮תŻ⣬ʵڲطˡ
Ҫٴȥ, ֻ»ᱻӤӤⶰ, ʱķŰ
飬ûоܾ
˽ƽõľƵ, ѡ¥İ䣬񴰰뿪, ϰϰ, Ⱥ۵ס
ӤӤ, һ·
ӤӤ紵죬ôһȻѣͷǳСˡ
һ䣬ʦ䡣
߮˵ݸˣ㣬ȷǲĿ㣬õ߮ȷʱһӤӤʲô
ӤӤѡ־֢ҪˣҴҷһ˵˵ʲôԼͳʲô
ȻȦ˼ԵĲˡ
ҴˣĴˡ
ӤӤû뵽ôز˵ʾԼˣȴƵ
⼸Ҫһݡ
˴ڤɵ磬˴ֱ׹ʮ˲

ӤӤûԹôĲȣһһ˶ʱӤӤӴãٿԶˣֻʳҩ
뵽⣬¾û֮ǰˡ
±͵ľ棬뵽һٷҪͿԼһĺɰ߮ʹѡ
֪ôܷԼ˾ͺˣôһӣ칻ʮ˳Եˡ
˵ʲô߽ǿܳԣ׻ĵӶѧϰٹȣʳ١
֮ϼᣬƹμô
ʼٸ߿Ǻ⣬񻰼ҳһƺûոͿһ˽ӽһС˽⡣
ܵȥһˡ߮ǿЦЦһӲˣЦȿ޻ѿϾغ档
ѰڡϼÿʮžٰŴᣬĸɾٰľĸɵ
˵߶ԲμӵıԣֻڵĶֱһѰھٰһ֡
ı˫ͷ˶
ӵͬʱڳʱ򶼻Ϊ˷Ӳȫʵƫƫλһǹ֣һǽޣһԶһսûвӰ죬ศɣöԷ޻֮
⻹ǵһڵŴսʤڵˣڵˣҲü
ֻıŵĳϻͷԼĵӣɸֵ߶ΪʲôڵĿԣǲԣֲȱ첲ȣѾͷʲô϶ƽ͵Ŭ
Ļ߮Ѿö챳ˣ뵽ǰʱ䱻ﾾŶаѿڶҪѵĻǰһ˵˳ץȥؽд飬ʵܲ˾ӳ˷ɽȣΪбץˡ
Ȼֱթٷ
ɽΪԽΪһýսһȱݹȫָͳ֮ˣ֮߱ԡһƿֲ֪ƹ벻
ʵǲģ߮׻⻰Ӧģǿɫкָ̣
ʮɽҲʮںպܻĶӣֲԲ㣬ƹӾΣ
ȷʵá߮˼ţܿʶⲻܺڵȻʤʣĻʤýֵη䣿
ýֻȡͶɽѡƹӿɺã
Ͷ
ԭǱλô
һʱ߮͵һȻ˫ĽƷλĽƷԶԶֹ˫иֵҩɲݣżᣬ䲻˫ȴҲǼΪ󡣷ɽȲ޽ޣҪ˫ҲôǹżЩҪǷɽҪġ
ϼۺʵһǽӽڶϲǿֻ˫˰סλҪϱõıȷּӺͲС
ոյԹѾɹǰӴɢ٣Ȼش𣺡ʹܶ£ŵպá

һ¡
ڴļƻϻһʡ
ɽʱѩ㽻˳·ȥʷɽԸԸϼڽˡ
֮ǰҲûǹ֮Լ׳ɵ飬ֻȻ࣬ʵʩȴء
ÿɶԼ뱻֪شҪɺΪ໥ϣٲ˻ཻס
֮ѡзɽȣΪɽȽҲǺܾɽ̫࣬һսͿ壬Ŵֵ̨ʲôô
ƫƫںƽˣ۹ŴʵߵͣɽҲǱżıԵ
ѩԭǣ߳ȥڣҪ߷ɽȳȥɽҲû취ֻҪûˮͲܲӦ
Ȼ⻰˵ֲڣȷʵмֵ
ȻɽȶҲޣҪǺ˫Ҳã佱Ʒʱ򲻻ì
ӤӤſڿջĴϣʼǣȻдʲôȷɽֻҪֻҽô򵥡
Ǵ˴ȥڤˮ֦Ҳ֪ô˵ȻŮκ߾֮вδڤˮ֦ûн飬Ҳ֪ڤˮ֦ܼܲǡ
Щ߰ģӤӤЩ롣˯֧Ƥһûһ
֪ôûסһؿڡ
ȷʵƽ
аЦ
Ŀ⣬ɨһۣĿо֮⣬ᡣ
ȻӤӤıʼٴδ򿪣ͷʼдʲô
ˣС˰ɣ

˼գ·һջҶϡſջĸӤӤע⡣
ջɽˮſһƬ컨̳ɻѤ֣۷󣬶˵һɫȻ
ſһʵСϪϪˮ峺ʯɫͷףˮš
ȻۿһӤӤɲʲôʢء
Ǳ˰κţʿջš
һҪĻԵأջıʵҵᣬΪմȾħѪɱ¾ʶûɷ羰֮Ŀջտסɱա
˴ƫƧĶ̵̡Ҳùһ·ɳ꣬Ϸ˻ս𣬳֮ʮҲزҲ鲻
ӤӤͣ½ŲסĿڣſ˼ǰߵعͷӤӤɫվȣƺʱιȥӣַס
㣬߲ˡӤӤĶ䣬Աü٣ȴԽˣ·˵ÿһֶһϢһߣô
ӹǣ㿴û£ȼҲܿƺŪѪ߰ߡһȡָӡ
Ѫ֮մȾЩħħӦѾں޲ʱȾӤӤѪ֮С
ѪͬһͨȫάתħȾžֻҲάֲ˶á
Ҫҵڤˮ֦
ڸоΣֻۣʹʣʡ
ӤӤҡҡͷֻۣĵûС
ֻ͵ſջ棬ֻҪſջö˶һ죬оһǧֻħ


38 
ʦ, ȵң
մҩ߳תһڽ̧ȥ, ֻһ˵Ů֡
ʦɣ΢ϳǰŮ, ǰˮа֮ǰ, è񷢹歡
ϵϢҲĽˡ
ʱ歼ͷһֻƯè, Ƥë⻬չ·Ź⣬һԲ۾ǽﾫ
ž챻ץסè, ȥû歵ޡ
ȴҲǼõġ
ɫ΢⼸֮, ˾ҩǼ֮, ֻ޷˾ҩĮ, ǰҲãҲã֮Ȼ
ʦáһ֮롣歼ϳвɵһϲ, ʦпϾôʦȥһΡ
ΪôЦЦ, ʦ㣬ҩϵսʿġʦ㲻, ʦϰһҲá
ᣬȻûʲôо, ƺ֮еӶ, Ķ۵ġ
, ˵ΪⳡһֱʶͬűԣŪڱսͬżͷܡ
ΪȻͣǺġΪʧܶͷɥս¡
Ϊһ㣬æ鲻̫ʱ䣬Ҳλʦһ
ȥæİɣλʦáֻԼͷһְֻסһתͷǡÿ
ʦ㣡𾪣ǾţǾϲʦԸϰôʵҪʦԸңѾܸмˡ
Ҳû£鷳ҵСɰˡ츧Լ׹ӣСʦϰҲǸʱĺò¡
ʦ㣬ˡ֣Ե正
óڣ歷֪Ǿ仰ʲô˼
ϰľ׮ӣԭΪⲻյ룬Ĵ̹ȥʱʹȫȴһԼ֮С
ʦ㣡˽е
Ѫӿܿһ㵭ıɫԭעѪɺɫһƮɢʸǺɫѩ͸õչͷ׵ĹΡ
ôųӣʦòΪһ˰ɣ֣歶һʲô˿ڣ·˵ġ
ֻ
歵ͷһеĽȾѪɣղһ
̧ͷӭ绨Ц̣ʦÿҪСӦˡ

ջڶϣںڰ֮С
ˮûڳţŨصѪϢջ֮С
ӤӤץס֣£ͻȻϮ޷ӦԷ˵
δ֫ӴԤ֮е𾪣Ϊƽͬոֻ϶
ҵķ˻滮ŨĺڰĿռ䣬ʱﻹܿջӣ
˽£ӳި޵ɳһ·̿ԶԶȥػѪ̾͡
޷ҡϸĻײOO@@Զ֮ǰ塣
ۣɱ죬ȴ쳣컡
Ѫɫӳ֮Уһϻصĺɫ֡
ϲġ
ɨһȦ۵ףʵջ֮ǰѾ׼ﲢ֮ء
˼ƽûô󲿷ֳеݻջѣǹǮͣܽһſŶԺӦӣܹǲͨ
ӤӤһ㡣ЪţӤӤĲԣҪ˳ֽ̾ڴ˵صа
ӤӤӣֿԲ͡
ҲǱģһ
ڴ֮ǰ˭Ҳûоﻹ˵Ϣ
˻ͷȥֻһŮվ΢΢ң鲼ŸɺԵɫѪгմȾѪѾǣһ˿
óӦս˺ܾõӡ
˭ӤӤʡ
ǰӦԱôŮ䵭
ڣˣǰһӤӤԼ󣬡ҵʦáô
ҽӫ󡣡Ů򵥱Լ֡
ӤӤûбԼ֣ƺƣˣ½ֱϯضϢ
ɫϢ֮ɻ壬Ǳӵߡ
û˵ѡӤӤ˵ô
ҡҡͷ
ǰ˵ΪӦңûкаͬ۵ļ󡣵ڲ֪ϸ֮ҲܾţҲýһԱ
߽ϲܷϻ߽֮ͯǰòǱӡӫȥ಻ʮͷΪҲʵҫЩ
ӫϢϣӤӤûߣҲⴳ߲˲ӡΪʾãҲЩĵá
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Ҳ򣬿ȥԼػأ˵һ续ڴ˱Ϊ뻨۹þϵ֮вʳ
ֻһҡҡ׹ľ㣬ľм仹вٲƵĵطߡľ֮ϣ𺣱ɡ
⺣ɹɵ򣬹ڴ˼֮ˮ˻һ߸ʬ
֮󣬲Ļſջǰ̾ڴ˴ħµ󷨷ֻд򣬽ħɱſܴȥ
ӤӤɵ̧һӫ
֮еĻſջв֮ͬлſջľвûӫŮԭУſջһ֮ˡ
ʱſջӦԼϢָһ·ɱոᣬħδʲôˡ
ȵȣữɵħ˱֮Уħһ߰׹ǣ׹ź£ֳܽӷ硭
ոŮϢʱɢıӤӤͷһǸħ˲ݵİ׹ĪǾӫ
ӤӤ뵽
һͻ뷨ĵףܾӫǲͬ
ʱʱչΪȥҽ뵽絶ʡ
գȫʬ
˸ֱܸϱı硣
ʱǵһθоԼΪԼ߲뿪һʱȥ飬˵ܻһࡣ
˵ġӤӤڡ
ȻӤӤ̽ӫӫƺͲԸһЩ
ӫ俴һŲǣ·죬ҿԴ߹ͻ򣬲ǸҪԼߡ
Ϊʲôֱʡ
֪ôٶôǶǻˡӫɢһźźӤӤ䣬̲סæ⿪ԼۣӤӤϡ
壬η⡣³֣ӫ۾ˣ


39 
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µĻ, ϲʳ˵Ҳɼȡ㾿λģɵ
ʱ粻ͬҲһ졣ӫ, һ˦, Ų, ǴѰ·ոյĻû˵ǡ
ӫﲻضŭҲӫ˼֮, ӫѣҸл
Ȼô˵ţǽӤӤ, סӤӤ
һ䣬ǷӫӤӤһ̧ۣȥһӤӤ, һ, ӫɫ΢䡣
, ΪʲôҪ
֪ӤӤǽ֮ˣӫ̬ȺͻЩӫġ
㿴ó
ħ壬Ⱦȫ, ûˡӫǰ, նϼҪǽĻ꣬ɾһк, תͷʣҽ
Ӧһ, ΢΢˶, ԼµĿӸӤӤϵϡ
ȻӤӤ˲, Ҫˣֻӵιݣ·ʵڹڿɡ
ӫԹΪӤӤЩĿ֮ƺЩѽľٶӤӤи첲ȵģΪʲôԼҪ˸
εģȫ¾һȥ
Ȼ
ʲôˣ
ʦ㡣
ӫĬƬ̣ƺȫûĴʣûĴʲô˼Ƿʣֻʦ̶ֳȣ
һʣӤӤƬ̡
ֻʦõĹϵƺ̶ֳȣ˳£˶ûʲôԡ
ӤӤ͵͵һۣæƿĿ⣬͵
ʵǱʶлЩηģϾ뱻ĥ
ҿ֮䶼ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɡӫϵԻ󽥽չܿһ䡣
ʱСӣ֪·ӫǰӤӤм䣬
˴ҪǹȥĻ֮⣬ʲôǱΣ⻨ֶܣïʢĵطѾ͹š
Ǹ֪ǵĵΪɣĿȷ
ӫνԣĽѸһһʽۻңǷ֮䣬ħвһС顣
ӤӤϾˣΪʵڱЩֲǾɿƵġ
ϸĻĽףӤӤγӰӰâƣյħڽںˡ
ȻѾȥնЩʵ̫С̫ħȴ̫ˡ
ӤӤǲܿƵؿʼѪԽԽ࣬һεڻ֮ϣƮƮģ·ǧ޻תͷƳҲǵصħֻ֪Ծȡ
ӤӤӴָ͵һ裬ǿȥڴʱֻһɣ׷׶ȥһֻֽ޸
ֵô
ʲôֵòֵã
ӫָָ죺ոճԵĶ㲻֪Ƕôʱѹסһ˲ֻ²裬㲻ֹʡ
ΣӤӤʣŽվϣȴ͵һЩٶˤ
Ǳ˰ʲôǷأֱӲӫƴȫӿʱֱӳ˶ߣ֯
֮һ𣬽һһµĻ࣬ܿ콫ƿڲϣһ仨ɱһǰͺ̣Ҫ档
ԽԽŨӤӤס죬³Ѫж
ʲôоոձôһգɻɢ춼ǣڲ֪֮Ƕ˲١
ʶһ㣬ӤӤæӴָȡⶾ裬ӫһԼһתΧĻȥ
ҵģӫһѽסǲ˼顣
شнϣӦϣԴԴϵĻ١
ʵΪ־У治ô
װװӰɡ
ǻٲвȫϮΪֳһɻپֱ
ݣ㿪˻ٵ͵ϮĻٻסĽһֽסĲһִ͸壬ʳ˺ڵอ
оʹϢһͷΣҪȥȼЩոյһ˿Ϩˡ
ڻ֮С
ӤӤҧ´ȱ˳޷֪ϵʹҲ޷˱ѡ
ţսǸȴԽԽٵĵ̺ݺļʳѪҺøӹޡ
ľҪôȥô
ʱֻǰȻɫһѸӰֻһ˲նȫĻ٣ͬʱҲ˻ɻմŻƮɢڱۺźިӳ֮£ƻá
ոջħһǵĻʱģӰȿɶˣսĻҽ֮С
ӤӤڵС
ҩЧֻѹסʹѹסʧѪѣҲѹסڵอٽʵòûάֻĹܡ
þⶾУشͷƽڵϡ
ܸо취ֹѪϵ˿ʵֹ̫࣬ظ͸ٴĶܿࡣ
۾˵ƣұϡѾˣǾ۾ͼ֮в׽Ρ
֪ΪλĿ֮ǰĺڰʵڹ˿־塣
ӤӤ죬Ҫ˵ˣûõģʵǹֻܷһ̡
Ϊס˿ڵԷˣһ᱾ѹס˿ٶѪע
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ӤӤ𵭵Ĳʣ֪߲ʲô·ˡѣʧѪ࣬ά־ѡ
⻹ǽʹ֪ǰ¡
ܸоڵǹúܣ˿ʵ̫࣬ѾǹѹƵĳ̶ȡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˻ȥӫ˹زŽϵĻٲҺ˵õѡ߽׵ʵȥĽףαΪһ߷ԼһΪ
ܵġصҲܶ
ӤӤ־Ѿˣ⻰΢һ¡
ܶ⻰˵ô
ǲβþˣ
ǻعⷵˣ
߻оĳϣᶨ쳣
Ѿ㣬һܴ߳ȥ߽׵Ϊף㷸ʲôɵӾҵڤˮ֦·ϾѾˣڤˮ֦ɾȲˣ
ӫȻ䣬ȴĪһֽڷߴ١ȡĶӵӤӤ
㲻ôõĶӦӵܵôãܳΪԼ谭ã
ãҲᶪãҲˣҪ
˵ҪĶǲġ
˵ţӤӤ뱧Լϥϡ
ѪºˣʱסӤӤ
ʦ֪ˣӦҲɣ
̬ڽҪԥǻþõ飬Ȼڴʱһ֮ͨˡ
ҧԼ⣬ͷ촽סӤӤ˫˿ӤӤĴأ콫ԼѪӤӤС


40 
˫ӵһɲ, ӤӤ˾Լʯסˡ
ڡ
֮ӤӤ̲סǺոձιµѪԼѪӿ, ӤӤʹر۾
˵Ѫһ, ֪ȥ, ѪǺʺĸоʵڲܡ
ļͷ, ĺ󱳣ǺȥѪȳ, ͷι
ʼʱûֿ˴Ѫ֮Լ޷ֿˡ
Ѫܿǹۺһ, Ѹ޲ڵ, ǿʱʱҪҵħҲѹȥ
֮ǰڵǹСϪ, ת֮콭ӡ
΢΢۾ľ̫ˣ
ӤӤ΢΢˶ץסĴӡ
ԭ֮ǰΪĻԵǻԵķѪ
㡭ӤӤץ, ΢΢, ԼϿۣ§
ԭ˵λþͼ, ʶȥӤӤѪѪŵķ, ÿʱŵ
Ǵ, ǿѬȾ, ̼ӤӤᴭϢţס⣬о˿֮תά˿ûϡ
ҧѪӦú۰ɣ
Ҳ֪»ǲ¡
ץЩԼ΢΢ʡЩ
֮ķ϶Ҳ˺£
ѪĻָǼΪֲģʱոջƤ˿Ѿ޸üʲôۼ
Ĵϻ¡
ƺڷѪ̺ȻѪ˿ͷĲε¶ǰֻҪ΢΢һſڣҧס
ӤӤæѹԼΣյ뷨ȫûע⵽ոͼѪʱѾס

ɽȺڵĽжܵġ֮еѡվɣǸȥš
ƶǸ˫뵽ԣɽȵĹֱ˵ضѩ˵Ҫõĵ߮ǳȥһӡ
ڷɽȵûôأʵҪƷǲżס
ɽȲ޾ޣż׶ǵҪԲԶ
ɽȹͨ˫ĽҲΪǢܿ߮Ϊ⣬߮Žڹȥ֮Զֻһ硣
ˣ㻹ﵱʡݸһյ裬ˮϵʯϿ£˺ȱ裬ڷɽȣŮҾ
߮еĲյЩڵϣ㣬ô֪Ů
Ҳˣû˸߹ӵĹŮӵĲܴôͳͷպˮС飬ͶιĴڹꡣ
ڹͷͷмȥڹ˼飬
ûӦǳδޡǳû˵仰
߮ҡҡͷ
ɽȵĵˣڷɽȵŮǲеģѡиӵδ޳⡣ڹʮʱ򣬻ѡŮ츳õǸΪδޡᱻɽȹΪӣʾˣֱ
˵δޣʵгӵӵġ
ǰˡԼδ޶ܶһͷɽ磬޳ǳ
˵֮ĿǰϵѺã΢ƽǴƣĿɾڶԷɵӡ
µֻǷɽȵĶѡ߮һͷڹ꣬ڹŲҧסͷջĿ⡣
µڳڷɽȾѾдˡˣҲûеĻᡣ
ûʲô̧߮ͷ΢΢һЦҲ£ԸҲպĥϡ
ȻӦʣһߵãҪ̨ʱֻ߮˹ָ֮ǵǳüѲ֮ϡ
ұ֮ʱҪȫǲֵġ

ķȻ׹Ȼ޵ϿգֱȡӤӤ
ӤӤɫ䡣
ոѪָҲΪֱӽҪͻĽ׵׵ĳ̶ȡ
׽ᵤҪȶ׽١
ոջСһ׹⣬ʱѾ۵ĵ⴩գǧ
ź¡¡ľ죬ӤӤֻµŲϲţǼƵľܽ׽٣ۿžҪɢܡ
ոջϮǵħ׽٣˿ûиղŵ⣬һڵϣ׵֮¡
ո׹ⲻףڹ˺մĹ֮УӤӤȻһŨ̾ͷϣзĲ׹⡣
ͬУߣ
ɽ٣Ҳ˵˻ǲˡ
ң˺ػ껨֦һʱкƮ㣬һɱսĺζ
ӤӤûʲôӦֻǴߴãһԻ
㣬˵׽ܰջ˳ôӤӤɵʡ
ʵڳ֪Ȼⶰջħûɣվջħı塣
׵ĹΧ޲ĴΧһ㶼⻷
׵׽ٲ̫ǿᣬ׽ٻҪ׺ǿÿһٶҪģһԣӤӤȻǲĵġ
ָķѪʱҲжʱ׼޸׽˿ڡ
Լ׽ٵûʲôֻаȺһ
ô뻹ء
׵紩͸壬ҩЧڣӤӤ˿оۣĸоΪ
һ
׵縩£ֱӴ͸ظӤӤܸоסƺһ£ʶס̧֣ص
㣬صġ
±á

׽ƺû˵ŭǧžֱӱܻ𺣣ӵ֮ϡ
ľͷɢĽζԽŨĴž绨ĽӤӤոڵλѾû֮С
һ촫ڶˡ

ӤӤ䵽֮Унˡ
Ǿܹ׽ٵ壬Щħûٲǡ
ǾԭأһشͨĹ޺컨
໥վŶԷ·ϵĳ
֪ʲôطð˳˲ӤӤ
ô
á
ڵףȻδᵤоӿ֮ǰһ㼶Ϊϡ
Ѫ˱ܵ׽
ţ˫סĲӣļͷӵ
ӤӤ뱧һ¾ɿû뵽ס
˾ӵˣ·ĲħڣǷɽҰ֮ϡ
˵ʲô
ӫվ˲Զϵı
ӫܲ⡣
ո̶ӫ۵ףһ׽ʱӤӤǰ
׽ٵʲôأ֪Լֵ׽ðܿԼһ׽Ѷȶô
н߬ŸոӤӤĽⶾ裬ĻΪԻˡ
һΪʲôҪʶչ¶⣿
һΪʲôĸԸΪԼأ
̰˽
Ա
˵ɱ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
û˻شҲֻվг֮ѾԴΪԲһȦ˪
֮ǸԽԽֻͷʹѣֻҪǸҪ̼ɢɡ
ǸĻ˿ڴƵѪСһ죬֮ɢ
ǣҪ㣬ôܱ
ҷ㻹ҷңҽҪԼֳŹǣ
еˣĴ뻹Լһףɡ
ɱЩϣ֤õģҪԲࡣ

С֮УһͳԽĵףˮһû
ӫ󣬾ڣɱǡ


41 
һ´ʱ, ӫ˫ͫȻ˪ѩһףӳ棬âȾ, ֱ
̳һʱ, ӫ޸ոյã, ֻһ¡
䣬˵ĴڱǶ֪, ܵġ
ҪҪ졭
ſջĺţߵĵط, ⷱʢɳΪ߽еʢС
֪ܣǶ
Ϊ, Ϊ, ͨ¯֮, ƽĶ禳
ӰһӤӤʱȴһ˲ĳ͡
ƺͬƽɵ˲һ
ûΪ׼֮еĶǲ֪಻ܡ
ģ޷Ķ
ǸӤӤ
Ѿֶͷ, ΪʲôܣܲΪֻǱ֮, ˷ݡ
Ȼһײľ졣
һöߵĽǿŤƫһλ, ӫתƽ⣬ȻԼʶһʹ
ӫ󡣡Ǹ֧Ůʶ֮н, ͬʱ, ƺһ͵Ĺ¡
ŮỺ, ƽġӫƽҽģܲӦ
ôֶܴ꣬ôôͽ֣
ǽһǣ
ӫ齣ǰǻӰնȥ
ӰǳЦƵǰţܳһξ룬ͷЦ
Ц覡
ӫΪٶѾ׿Ů濴ܵȴҲ׷ϡ
ӫн꣬һȻӳر˪Ϊģʮ֮Զ
ڴ˷Χ֮ڣ˪̹ǣѩɣҰްޡ
Ȼ򡣡ɿӤӤѾ˵ϣ塣
ӤӤ˵ͷ
һּΪʣ֮Ϊ壬ΪӵȻ츳óȴ
ǰаʶ;ⶣȴзֻҪ׵ʵǰܻǳɹ塣
ԹħһζǿĴ֮ħ붼ʱ򽫻ֻһŻǵɡ
֮һж볣죬ͬʳѪվֻǻϵԹ飬䡣
η⣬ڹǵʵۿۣ£ͬҹɫΪһ壬ΣϢ
ҹɫӰ֮µսʿ
ҲȥǵѰ굶ֻȥΪһ߰׹ǡ
뵽Ǿ߰׹ǣӦñӫˡ
ܿסʡ
ӤӤҧҧ´ѡ
ոûɱ뷨
Ҳûб뷨ӤӤش
ݽ֮Ѿ˹ͬ۵㡣
׽ӫ
ˣٻо
ǲ̫ÿƾˡ
ӤӤڵľûֱӿסһ׵ӫ󣬲ӫʱһʱþǿԵġ
ҪǣǴŵ󣬼⻨ſջı塣
ƵɢĺȻȫаħĿǡʵʵһ٣ħ϶ܺܡ
ƺӫδ̫ٵӰ죬ҲʲôԵʡ
ӤӤγһ㣬ַ̧ס
ӫĵľΪ޴ӤӤЩͷΣʱ֪ԼӲšҪӫĿƣʱħΧⱻѹơ
ЩͷΣǾ̫ˡӤӤץס֣㣬㱳߰ɡ
ûоܾӤӤȱ
ҪǸˣͣ¡ӫȻҪһ£ĿڣҲǲܶԸ
ʵԭ˵ӫҪԶ㡱ĻȴӲѹȥ
Լ̫ʺ˵ֻվӤӤ˷Ѫ
Ϊ˾ӤӤķȥȣǳ֮Σơ
ӤӤӰһ°ɡת
ƺܲ飬ʹϲ䣬ΪָƿӹӤӤݹӰ
ӰûǣҲϵ齣ûǿԵġ
ֺͽʿȣڽսϻǳ˲ٿ
һܿסӫʱ㾡졣
˵⻰ӤӤϣĿ
ӫĸ֮еĻӫ񹥻µĻþþ־ĵֿԺǿӫӲ֮Ҫֳ󲿷־άֻþ
ӫ֮ǰٷǿйаһһשɡ
ϧשӫȫƾӲĽ硣
ָķѪֻܾ޲ϵ𣬵ھĻָɲʲôóܸоڵķѪʲôֻܸżȥ
һֱߵľͷħҲûϮǡ
֮ǻ򣬻֮ƽó棬۽ۺ֮¾ʣ𰵺콻ۣ֯Щ¡ǹ̿Ƶĳʵһ׳
ӤӤҶ࿴оԼ΢һͷƲסӫ
ĺϣľŵϵĺ
ǻ㣬ůϢ
ħ֮ϵϢƺ̫һ
ħ֮ҲеĻ㣬ȴůմ˳ʪްڵ֮ǿ͸Ļ⣬һʪ
־ħ֮ڵȴҪ׽ĳ嶯
򣬻ǹ⺣
ڹ⺣УϸһĽӲӵĽҺĶŨĹʵ塣
Ϊϲʪħ֮ػԪεĵطֻǴ˴֮أȫԽ͡
ɳѪ͵񹭣乭һմȾ˷˵ΰвݹ
ڹ⺣ûʲôϮǣһ·ƽ˻þһֱռ䷭תд۹âһʧǰһϵļ̳
һվڼ̳֮£ʱȻ˷ܵԭһ֣
ʶʲôסˡСߵһ̽飬ֵ
˵꣬͵һ˲˾ֱһƳ
̺Źħķһļ̳µİɫɭһζ
ܵԷ˻ϢҲЩ¡
߲ƣӰӦУûһҲû衣ԷħƽķӦԡ
ʱоӤӤ뽫ӤӤȴû뵽ӤӤֱ̳ȥ
ת֮䣬̳԰׵Ļӫ̳֮¡
ӰϣӤӤûӦС
ߴӤӤǱ߳˲뷨ԽңӽӤӤĻᣡ
ʱӤӤӫΪĹȣɫ԰׵ñӫ
ܡӫȥҡ
űѩ齣ӤӤʺ֮ϣߣӰŮӡ


42 
ΪʲôĽָŮʺ, һ㶼ûӦ
ѵӤӤ
ôܣ˶̰ġ
ӫĽͣ, ٳҲûдȥ
һ˲, ܸоǰŮ˸ɫâ, ͬʱоԼʶһ
ӫ, һ㰲Ȼ뿪
ûʲôǱʶĵطָΣյˣڼѸݣҲֻ֪ҪǰŮֻҪʶ΢һ, ͻ˲ɢ
ʱӫͻȻ䷢֣ҲɱǰŮɡ
ΪΪ
ĻȻ򵥣ּѡڻʱܲݻٽӤӤ, 뵽ӤӤΪλ˻֮, нѾסӤӤĻնϡ
ӫһãʱ, ӤӤȻǰɢתվ
ӫ󲻸Ҷ
ܸоŮʶ֮һ˫С֣һ˫С־ͻὫĻ
ʵһΣҲη, ֻ֪Լֱܾӻɢ, ҳħ
ħħ¾, δελ·һѣû취Ρ
ǵӫ̲ס, Ҽˡ㲢ز֮, Һڴʽ֡
ҲڴӤӤ, Ҵ潻֡
ܳܿ͵ϮģΪʲôҪǵúͶ浶ǹ򰡣һһģɲѧ
ʵӤӤڵľûܸӫָʾĳ̶ȣʾΪԼȫԼƿ֮д´ࡣ
סӫӤӤǱߵս
Ȼа
˵ԭǵвģһ٣㿪ʼڣغ֮Ҳƣ̬
˵ᵤҲСʻ٣ĵù˵ϰٷְ١
һʱӫҲҶҪɴٸа٣һˡ

硣
ӤӤĺʮĬŶ
һɢȥ˷ȥ
ڴ˴ɣȥѰת
Ǵд׵ĻҰɣϸʯˮӳ̦ɫС
֮䣬Ȼһöɵĺɫᡣ
֮ϻЩսĺۼϴħƣʷ׳ʡ
ţء
Ȼо˺ܾΥϢҲֱǧˣط꣬Ȼϲá
ƽװᲢô룬Ͱ͵ţ㾫ûС
ȴħȾңǰ޲Ҹطȥ
õ˻ԵѣӤӤ޽˽𵤣˴ǵɡΨһ˿Ҳ˲
Ҫȥ͵̨ôӫ󿪿ڣǴģůĳ䡣
̨ӫͻΪ˵ĻԵˡӫĻҲ⡣
ѩ𿴲ȺˣҲƲϣͬϵĻ̨⼸άƽ⣬ɳʲôܹ鲻аħǿ١
ô꣬ʲôʲôǣ޷Ǿ쳤˭ϣƤһǷֱǶⷭߵ
ӫѺ̨ӫѾεȻڱƻľǻᱻһһҩģָڵĵӷΪ
ҲˣؼӫĽ綨Ƚģ˸֪ƶΪֲ⡣
ѾӦ㰲Ȼ뿪ͲʳԡӤӤӫʶ֮
㿴˸ղŻǰŮͷУｿ㣬Ҫ
ӫ󣺡
ɻԼǲþǲˡ
Ϊʲôǰ˺˲ô
һӫ齥䣺Ҫʲô
壬ӦҺ䡣ӤӤ뿪Ц
С
ȻܾۿҪæס֡
ͬӫֹһȷʵĵߣӤӤֱָۣظŪɫ𽥻¡
ЩǲģӤӤ
Ϊʲô
ӫǶߣֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ӫǰλϡ
λýֻҪ˭ɱ΢һͻֱӵ£ܡ
ӫвδֽǿվţΪȻʣû
ɱǣҲɱǵɣǾɱҺˡҪʲô㣬ұץסǽӦñ㴦õô
ӫվǰ˿ʲôĴ㣬˵ĻҲʵڹ̹ˡ
һƳӫһۡ
˲ϴΪ˵˱ġûüֵĶӦñġ
Ϊʲô
ӫסˡ
û˭Ϊʲôֻǲǿ뷨Ѿ̽˹棬ȻҲ׷ʡ
ǰʱǿҵãоֻһƬãã֮С
˭仰ģ˭˵ûôģӤӤʡ
ȱݣиص㣬һ˵ʲôʲôױݡ
Ҳ֪ӫţϸֳʹ飬Ƭ̣ųţ˵ҵĴǱֻǽǵϴˡ
ţǲȻǣۿҪһǰ˹ȥ
ľٶӤӤ̾һ
ʵô̽ӫļ䣬Ψһİ취
ǰ˸ȥ룬ǵǰ̫༤ҵײͻ
ָӫüģԼľӫʶ֮С
һ룬оӫʶ֮ϤϢƽǸʶ֮õԱơ
ţСؾӫʶ֮еĶȷûĽ֮󣬷ſʼ̽顣
ӫļǲƵġ
ͨЩƵļ䣬ӤӤӫǰľ
ӫԭһļͥǾˣĸҲǹٻ˼ҵС㣬ﻹһ硣
壬Ǹħǣһλ˽飬ټҰǨһˮ֮УǸڱΧ½磬ֻҪǲ̤磬Ͳ¡
ʱ򣬽ȴ֪ô£ĸħǸϻĸָ
ɩָ˸ĸҪȥͬ˿ȥ׷վиĸʬδͽøϳȥоȲѽ˻ȥ
꣬Ҳˣ༫ңʬ屻ҧſڡ
ԭվߵĴҡˣȫھǸɷǣ׷Ҫ˷ʦѹת
Ѿˡ
ǰɢǿҵϢڶħӿׯȫɱʳΪỹδת֡ʱһ˹
Ⱥ멣mβҡҷֻվħƨһɢ
Ѿתƽӣºͣ
ʲô
ҡͷ
ԴӸĸ󣬱û˽֣ʲôѾҪˡ
ЩĴ˸ͷԽºʹ飬ֻϴǵǴ󹦵£Ǵ¡
̧۲˼顣
ԭԭɱ飬Ǻô
ǰȥߵûγһ׷ǰȥס½ǡ
˻ͷС壺ߣ
ͷ
ҲǲСɣܸһԼ֣ʲôأ룬̧ͷǳһΪͻۣ΢΢Цˣ
Ǿͽӫˡ֣ͽӫ󡣡


43 
ӤӤ˳ӫʶ, 򵥽һĶһ䣺
š
Ϣǲдģӫʶ֮вϢǺʶ֮еĽһµġ
, ͸ħĺŮӶϡ
ӫ˵֮ǰıǿ, ܿһ֮еĵˡ
һ˾Ƕ졣
Ϊӫȱȫļ֮, ǵ£˳سΪˡʱ, λ˵ͫ׷΢Ⲷ׽˶Ӱӡ
ӫļȱҲԼȥĲпᣬ֪ΪӫǾ䡰ûмֵĶӦ, ӫļ֮Уһλڶͬ˲ɱĳ档
ʱӫβ߰⾰͹εĳ, һ齣, ȵѪ䳡, ܿɱ˪
лģõˣõ˲һ
¹ش󣬻ȥʦ°ɡӤӤоüΪꡣ
ѾԾ˽⡣
ΪԹߣ, ħһ, ǺŮӸһ׮ǣôϢ
ӤӤ޷Ԥ֮ᷢʲô⼸ˣϺˡ
֮һܺһ˵ˡ
뵽һ, ӤӤȻ뵽ϱʱʧء
˲ʧصأ
ħԭڵģƳħ֮, ǲķ, ħ
˵ͨ
Ŀ˼ִߴ١
һʦЩ, ЩܴġǾУûʲô𡣡
ȷʵ˵
˾Žǿߣʿ޵Žף൱Ѿֻ̤ˡֻҪԶָͷǡ
ôǣŽ׵ʿ˼ʹþŽ׵ʽ֮ǰǻˣĹԼ
ˣӫ󣬲ܰʦ𡣡ӤӤһ䡣
ӫҲͬħﹴᣬ̫֪ã޷Ϊϴѵɡ
ǽӫڣһ©ڱΪʸ֮ġڵҲܷŹӫһ⡣
Ĭһ£Ҫô죿
¡ӤӤգգ۾׽۵ϸ΢ı仯ֵ֪֮ƶѾŤ϶ߡ
ߣһ˿΢ĸоոӤӤǾ䡰ͬ䡱ĻҲ֪Ц档
ԽԽﲻ
ҪǴߣҹղĵط˺㡭
˵һ룬ֻôһ㱣ֻѸٱʶĿȨʱίίڸոѾڵһԲȦ
ԲȦԲ֮ûϣ߶͹ббͼСͿѻ
㶼ܿסΪʲôҪġ
ӤӤԼĿˮǺһ£ͷȻס
ʱ˿ضˣôƫƫסñصˣСửļʻ¡
ӤӤѾԲ״ĳˡ
ȵȣܿסˣ
ǵϴǿпǰǿԼı£ʵ΢һ¾͹ˣǶһʱ䣬ԼҲ˲ˡ
ڣȻڵϻȦȦ֮Ҳ޲ʸС
ζţԼڵħȫסˡ
֪ڵķѪ˿ڿϣڲʶҲѹħá
ҲѹֵħѹôˣѪǷ
ٿأֵֹģȫ
ؿԼίˣҲ
ڸոµԲȦԣһͬŤŤӿڱղϵԲȦ

һ˿óѵЦ⣬עӤӤԲȦȫ̡
Ѫǲݡ
ӤӤµķѪԿӤӤκ飬СڵϻȦȦ󵽲ӤӤԲԾֻҪ룬ܡ
ӤӤոտӤӤ֮ͬǰ
ֶֻƺ׳񫣬⿪ӤӤĿơ
ӤӤŤŤԲȦĥƽǣ޳ɻܿȥ״
էһǶһ
ͦÿġ
е΢΢ɢȥЩһ⿪˶ӤӤĿƣڴʱһŮ
̳ϡԽꡣ
˫˫ͷֻһŮվǳϼɫɴ£ɫҷأȾ˳
绨ƶˣ˾վǰһɫĻ飬ӰӰ´¿̫
аʮָһ꿪ý޵һĻ΢΢׺µһա
һ磬ָ̨
ǲ̨ٷļǷ仰ĳλվǶĴ쳣ͳһ
֮һڤˮ֦
ϳڤˮ֦ȴһɼסڤˮֱӤӤ
ͿűɫޢָᴥӤӤ˫ˮӤӤ·ǿѹе
ˣ̵Ưڤˮ֦Ȼˮɫӣȴ൱ƽзѪڣ
䡰Ҳ֪ķ˼ӤӤӣոԸоطĲݡ
ҲζҪſűѧèУҲùԹȥѧ
뵽⣬ӤӤ;û䡣
ҪԼĥԼ
ԶԶˣôڤˮ֦ɡ
˵ڤˮ֦ʲôţ˱ɣ᲻Ҳ
һӣұΪ̵Сһôڤˮ֦׽ӤӤ۵Щ΢ţܿתһβףӾͲΪԼ
ֻڤˮǰȡӤӤڵħ֮롣
ӤӤͫ΢΢һ
ֻ˫ϥ˿ԥֱӹ˵ϣҲ񵱳˼·ʱֱͦ˫־ٹͷǰȥǰأϡ
ӤӤĿһ󾫲ʷ׳ʣ
ŮΪ¹ˣħΪ¹ˡ
ŮһԼҪۼ٣
ԣһҲڤˮ֦ٵڤˮ֦ԼȥС
ǰԸֲ̬񡣡ڤˮ֦˻ӣڱķȽļٴףžͷ۵úܡ
Ǿǰˡ
ҿ⺢Ӵݰףɫʲôʹڤˮ֦ӤӤɫһĪǲ
ɫȻȥΧХŹĤݾ֦ҡšӽʮ۷ʵˣһ䶯
ҡ
ӤӤʶԣλǰӡ
ܲ£ӦҲ£ֻʱˢĺøвʵʵˡ
Ҫڤˮ֦ķ˭ҲӲ
գƿʡ
ڤˮ֦˵е֦꣬飬ܺ˾쵽á
֪Ҳҡɵӣ浱ôֲֻشҽɣʲô֢ܾȵġ
˵ţڤˮ֦֣ͬʱӤӤӵ
˵
任˲ϢոջڷĽ⣬Ѿһ̨ͤ¥Żתˮʯӳ԰ȫòһһͷزĿ飬ͬʱڵĻһʢţӻء
ӫҲ˽ֻһõʵڲС׵ڻڻ֮Уѵͷ
ڤˮ֦ʾ£˲裬л֦ȣҡţ
Ȼˣ㱾졣Ҳ˵˵ʱϽߵɢɢڻŵļҲ߶ˣƵúܡ
ӤӤһۣ˭²ڤˮ֦⡣
ֻΪ˵˵
ʵЩܴ˵Ļڴ֮ĸʵ߳ɱ˲գ۵Ĵĸеİ׹Ƕܶѻɽˡ
˶ܾܾڤˮ֦һϾǵĿľڤˮ֦ˣܾҲûá


44 
⼸, ڤˮ֦԰֡˳Է˯ʼն·ϡ
ȻͣߣҲ졣
ѪӤӤ, ӤӤҲ߱һЩе, ⼸ֱ۵ĸоõö, û߼۵òУֻǾЩᡣ
ͨѪֱӿ, ĶǺô
ò٣״̬ҲˣԳ֮ǰܳԵĶ, ֮ǰ¡֮ǰڻڡ
ڤˮ֦ȻԼýʳµСȴһֺò˺õģˮһ͵, ѡ
ӤӤڤˮ֦˿, ͷ¡
ʮǰ, ̺ڤˮ֦֣䲻紫÷зĸС϶¡
֮󣬾ûټ̳ɽ
ӤӤ㣬Ӧò, Ҳڤˮ֦Ѳ˸ϵ
ںСʱ, ̵ļҲֻԼǵһºʹĸһŮ, С΢΢¡кʦ衣
ŮӼ, Ҳеرϥ, ָ, 
ܿͻһʦˡ
֮еº񣬶ѩǸΪѵǸ
ŮŸָĿ̵ľϣһֻֻɵڷ׷ɡ
񲻽ܻؿз飬ͷ飬ָ·ලѧҵû˯ѵĵϿΣܡ
ȫڵĻ񣬶֮֡
һõŮӣֻС
ٵĳʱ֮Ҳû̡
ʧ֮û꣬ӤӤ
ʱӤӤССһֻèС˯֮ʱϢžӡ
˽ԵѾˣڤˮ֦֮֡ʵ˵Ҳʲô裬Ϊڤˮ֦ʵĿõġ
ڤˮ֦֮Уˡ
ʹѩ⣬ѩֱ֮ܶڷ̸κ棬ƺʵ̾ڤˮ֦Ĵš
оûô򵥣ѩû׿ڳһ㡣
Ķڤˮ֦ûκε⣬Ŀչˡ
ĸ߶ȣûбҪڤˮ֦ʲôġΪѾλϵڤˮ֦ȫΪΪñίߡ
ڤˮֻ֦˼
ڤˮ֦ڶǻ̬ȣû·ϣǵ֮顣
һӻСС鲽ڤˮ֦˵˾ʲô
ڤˮ֦΢΢ͷתˡ
λ԰ͣͻȻЩ飬ʧˡ
ڤˮ֦뿪󲻾ãСӲͬ˵ڤˮ֦ǲ̶λġ
⼸СԸãһжΪ棬Ҳû֪Ĺڤˮ֦鶶øɸɾ
ƯĻҶҲã˵
ԶԶԣȺ˶Ա˵ģˡ˻ǲȥЩˣȻǲ˺ǵ죡
治֪ΪʲôҪűԼˣȺ˻Ҫ䱾ֱĵ¿ηΣ
Сߴߴ˵һƬм䶼Ƕڤˮ֦ĳݺͶڤˮ֦ˮ֮ĴʵĲ
˲ŲṴ˭أϸ˶㶼˭ϡǰޣ

ȺСӤӤصסԶ˴ӣͬʱ̾˿
ղС£ͷ
ҲѹǺټڤˮ֦֣ڤˮ֦ĴҲܲ˰ɡ
徻ˡӤӤſϣ̾˿
ȺС̫˵ˡ
ӤӤܸоҪ̵ڤˮ֦˵ֱܰڤˮ֦ʲôɫʲôʽʲôƶ˵
ٿĳλֻҪ򲻿һֱĬȥľ«
ʲô쵽ӤӤĿ⣬ϰԵץӤӤ̽󣬲ܿԼӤӤ˷ѪһֱѹסӤӤӦµġ
ѾץٷŻȥҲǻ£ָḧӤӤգࡣ
ӤӤҪɿɫרע飬ԼҪôһܴܿ˼·
ˣҲûʲô֮ǰҲû
Ŀڷߣʵò˵ڤˮ֦Ʒζͦġⷿ䲼ʵţȻóֵǣҪǲʶ˺ֱӺԡ
ͿⷿľƷϼͼֵǵϾĴɡ
һɼҾߵ˲ᣬԭһ˰ߺֵӣǸֱա
ǮˣǮô
Ȼڻ㲻ڤˮ֦ΪʲôҪǣҲֻڤˮ֦Ѫɣץдʲôġ
ڤˮ֦λˣҪɱǻʱɣ
֮һǵһǧʯҲû˸ҶĴ
˵ڤˮ֦ţû
ֻЩټ٣˭Ҳ嵽ĸġڤˮ֦ϵҲСܷġ
ʵʵˡ
ˣҪʱܺúúڤˮ֦ùϵ˵ʱħ֮ܵڤˮ֦ѡ
ڤˮ֦ʶ׬
ٿ⡭
һֻɫƺ˹ȥʵЩʶ
ӤӤգգ۾ҪȴСЦߡ
ոƺûĹԷϲˮͷ˽ֵ޷ӡγһſӤӤ֡
ոʲô
ӤӤƿӣСڴ˸ڱĲĭǻ㣬ܿ컨ɢȥȡ֮ǱǺš
һڣڣֻƺӯ̧ͷ۽΢΢űѬı죬ĵ˫ѩ
ƫƫٶΪأûʲôŪζһš
䰮ͻ
ոաһ͡
ʵոûʲô
ֻӤӤ֣ű
ֲܽĻӤӤ˵ڣԱ߻ôСڣɤӣ
Ҹո⼸죬岻ʿҪʱ˵Լš
ûʲôǰֱ׵عԼӤӤ˲ˣĸоֱӵ
ԱСǼ״һЦ
ˣô˵ţҪһ˶һ죬ǣǣǸô˵ţ
һСһ£ã
ڻ뵽˴ʣ延ظŸոյĴʣ˼λ˵ɫѾ΢˼㡣
ոյС֣ԣáȻأȻʲô
ǸʡУС
𽵹ɽ


45 
Ⱥ˵ԵС˳ȥ
ӤӤ, ͵һɫֻԭλϣɫһ赭
ոաӤӤ޲Ҹطȥ, ѵؿ˿, ո˵Ļ˻, 㲻Ҫϡ
ͷȻᡣ
Ǿͺá㣬ȥ˯һ
һϢ, ҲҪ˼һ
ʵϱһʱǺܶĵġ
ʱ֪ܼ򵥣ǿֵ, ôǱɽʦ衣
ǳʽıǩˡһĶؽĵס
֮󣬶ħ֮ĥʡʵԼһͷƹ֮һ, չҶ֮Ļ, ʼûгϨ
⼸, ˾ĵչˣƺڲϽʹƽټ֮ѪϵҪ׽
ܼԼ˼ܸоҪĸ, Ҫӵ, ҲٵõһЩѪҺ
Ҫô
㶼˷Ѫ㶼, 㻹ž˭

ָ߬ڣϸ΢ľٶȻѾطӤӤ
ƺոСһͨߴߴ, Ƹõš
, ԼʦзǷ֮룿
, 𽵹ɽ
ܣ
ǿԼĵ׷ͷߵңʱӤӤѾ·˴һһµ
㣬ôˣ
䡣ң˸ڣ˵ȥӤӤ֣ȴձǺȡ
ǷѪڷӵãѪĵ޽Ƕħȫλѹơ
֪ôһ˿įɿ£סӤӤ֡
ڴ֮ӤӤƺҪˡ
ǣѪĥӤӤ
ѪӤӤͶĻ׽ӵǡ
ѪӤӤʵĳͷӤӤ֪뿪ԼǲеģԼ
Ѫ
УôΣյ뷨ԲС
о޺죿
ѪѾӤӤܵ׽Щ׽ôôȥˡ
𽥻£սʤĳ嶯
ӤӤ΢ڲŲŲ
ȷʵЩ䡣ô
Դֱ֮ϣһֹֻ˳Ӷϡ
ָоȰģһǱصϲá

ɽȺɽ࣬ƸӣɽѨڶ࣬һΪƫƧɽУ͸΢Ļ⡣
֮ӳ˵Ӱһţһԣڹĵʲô
˵С߱ħˣ
ô˵ʱŵĺŮӻӫһҲǵĴ¡Ǹӣûôʱ󡣡
ħͳŮظţϣħôˣûڷ֮Уܰռƻչô
ħͷĹϵ൱أҵĴˡŮһЦһȥŮӵļ磬Ͷ̬ԣӫȻλ̣ĩϯǵļƻʲô֪ҲֻΪһöˡ
ұСȥģȻСߺãСȥ˵Ҫһ͡ڽأ
Ů˳ƶ£ŵŮӵȣ͵ĻȻǣӫʲô֪壬ܺÿС̫Լ뷨һƿغ
ŵŮӱ˱۾С壬ڻţ
ǡ
֮ϼᣬȥô
Ȼˡ
лô
ȻûС
ŮЦţ͵˿ɻˣǰǷ壬Ѿܸٷˡ
˵һǧ˰٣ûʲôģֲķˡҡŮӶ˶٣ҪĻССĻȥƱС
ħٷŷţ֮Ҳôˡһߣûѡ񡣡

ӤӤоѣ亹죬һԴ衣
ոμʲôˣ
ӤӤסؿڣƽԼĺ
ǸħŮˣһŮ˵εļ֧飬ӤӤֻԼԼ𸡹ӰƬΣԣ˵Ҫϼϱһǵ˶
ġϼ֮£ôף̧֣ӤӤͷԣ¡
žţǧذת˿߲ͷŵӤӤͷ
ĽǶίʵм
֮ǰҲٷġ
ҡһǵġ
ǺŮӹعԱ˽дˣȻǲ̫嶼˵ʲôǸ˵ļӰŮˡ
̽ӫļ֮Уλȴˡ
⾿ôһ£
Ҳδġģͨı£Ҳȷ˭ϼţϼỹ꣬ǻʱ䡣
˯ѣȻضһج棬ӤӤЩġӵ֡
Ǵʱ䣬ʲô־಻ʧš
ƮݣõͨīдȴһԡȷɽȵĵΪƯ
дֱһȤζֻдĶľſӤӤ΢֡
±ʣôˣ
¿ҪдɡӤӤһЦеıʣ÷еĶдһʣʲô¶˾ͻдҲ¡
Ӧá
С䣬ŵľʴ⿴ȥ䣬һů
ӤӤɨһȦдˡѡһʣֽܿ˹ȥ
֮Ʒ࣬Ҳôò¡Ҳ֪ӤӤдʲôֻ˼һ۾ܿĶԲԣֻܹӤӤҪʾ
Ǿ۾ˡ
ӤӤ֣һѣɫ֭Һָ䣬ĵʮָˣ
ֻоӤӤһȦƵߣֻһ
Բ΢еԵĹ֭ˮӿ봽֮䡣
ѣ
۾ǡöӤӤĿ⣬ӤӤ˫͸һ˫ˮϽë̡
ȻӤӤֻǺö˶棬ȴ鲻ԽӤӤ֡
ӤӤ˷ѪȴƲסԼˡͷӤӤѹŵֽ
˫ֵƯдȴЩʲݡ
δЩϧ
΢վӤӤǰ̿һֽ
ӤӤֻԼ˫类ᰴסӶϴȵϢ䡣
дʲݿɲСһֺּΪҪҽ㡣
˵ţָӤӤֱϣʡ
ʱû뵽÷Ѫ·ѪĲЧҪӴʾЧҪá
ӤӤƣϸÿһָλãֱǶλǡôĵطսӤӤֱҪȾīڴʱֻӤӤ͵ͺһ
еۡӤӤ΢΢˶֣ü
һ㡣
ոӤӤʶѾøոն׼Ʒ˱䶯ֵһȣֻӤӤ΢Щѹŵĸоʹ
ӤӤ֣ʣдһӤ֡

һҹ峿ͣڤˮ֦ĴһϡҪǰͤһ
ͤڤˮ֦߳ﲡĵطǰͤҲζڤˮ֦׼ӤӤħˡ
ɲ֪ôյͤӤӤȻһĻţʶץסڣǰת
ǹС񣬷׷ǰȥɶ˸ա
һסӤӤĺ˳һֹϥ£ᳵ·ؽ
ڴʱȻ֣ԼӤӤ֮ķѪƺʲôжˡ
жϷѪͬʱƬ·ӤӤѩ׵ļϣȴ쳣ɫ
еӤӤɫʹ࣬΢΢͹ĺǼʲô
ӱոպá
ڤˮ֦ͤתл֦ժһһӤӤü䡣
ոձжϵķѪ±ӦӤӤ֮ħȥ΢΢˿׷ڤˮ֦ոô¡
ڤˮ֦ƶ׷в䣬ʣӣ㲻ϲô


46 
ϲȻϲġ
⼸ûͬӤӤ, ׽Ҳֻ㵽Ϊֹˡ
ֶӵбĵӲʾ, Ӳ˾졣
һϣ尲, á
ն֪š
ڤˮ֦һ, ĬȻֻڤˮ֦, ӤӤͤСϡ
ڤˮ֦ӣµȻоԼƺӤӤһ, ܿӤӤȴ
ڤˮ֦̬֣
ϣȻãֻǼҲ, ķѪšķѪѹħ, ǸħɵӰ졣
˵, ڤˮ֦ջһľӸӤӤֱۣʢһѪ
һСѪһһǰѪɫ֮Լܼϸһħ̻þòɢ
ħѪҺ֮, ͬķѪ΢ƽ⡣ոձԸķѪ, ܲˡڤˮ֦һʼ÷ѪѹƵô
ͷ
Ҫħ˲Ա, ˵а취ѾôˣħѾľอѪҺһ, ҪҪЩһ顣Ȼ, Υɶ, ֮֮ꡣ
ǰ˼ǡ
ѹסħģַһķѪѹƣǼ𣬽ħɻա
˼ڤˮ֦Ļڤˮ֦
÷ѪΪѹƣҪһֱ󾳽ȶѹơħΪ̽ĳҵжϣħߵΪپŽס
Ž׵ȫ綼޼ħЩҲָͷġ
ħԴϴħսԪˣѾзգֻб߾ٲħ͵ؾ⣬һЩճƷ൹ܰ֡żСΧҲܿ챻ѹȥûʲô粨
Ҳֻһ۶졣
˼ˣ̲סڤˮ֦Ƿ֪顣
֣ڤˮ֦ҡҡͷʾԼǵ֡⵹Ҳûʲôڤˮ֦Ѿãֲʲôڤˮ֦֪
ݵĲ»ع죬ڤˮ֦ѹƣǲʹࡣ
ڤˮ̧֦ʣѾô
ȷʵԾ񡣵𣬾Ҫβ
ĶǷµģʱǷµڱʱҪԼ
óԼ;ѾӤӤĽ֯һһŲܵߣֲˡ
ֻǷֲҲʲô¡
ӣ˵ͷ
Щֻ綼ҪѧաķѪѹһʱѹһô
˵ţڤˮ֦л֦ժ仨꣬һĻ֮С
ֻ겻֮飬жת䣬˭֪أ

ӤӤһ죬ʱֻҷ֮ĲӰ
ǰָĦǰոᣬָ⣬ȥЩƲ֣ΪԼħʴ֮Ρ
ƺˣһԹѣеᣬּ̧򻨡
ٲѣҪˡ΢΢Цţһӷߣʲô
ôô
Ժ֮⣬СĴպñʮβ͡
̧к硣
ӤӤ򿪺ӣֻһö˸͵ĹΣܸܵгĻ
֮ǰӲãδܺúϰöõġ͵ḧӤӤǰ֡
£ַ䣬ͷӵҹա
ǳ貣һµգΪ
ʲôԸأ

ԸȻԸͿȥ飬ʱʱ̶̿ڻˡ
ڣȴϣֱ̫֪˴ڣȴδҡ
Ȼ˵
վҪģ׽Ѿ㹻ˡĵЩ΢˼
ֻ߸ѣɴ۸кˡ
õ಻Ұ
ӤӤ˴ӣʮָཻ
ԸҺһ˳죬ٲ롣

ڤˮ֦û˵Ҫ¶ãٳûŻʲôʱܷ뿪Ҳֻסš
þɶļ򣬱ڤˮ֦һԺȥչسˡ߽˽ʱ׹ƺƵ벨ӤӤС
ȻֻӤӤһסš
СǺϲ棬ڻ磬Сһһ̰˯˯֡
˼ҲϰˣҪС棬Ҳ塣ȺСһһ֣Ƶģģдٷ仰һƷġ
ͼСԼˣСҪԼϲĻǶݸҲҪһ
ӤӤ˿̫Ӱӣڻ硣
ԼʱӦûʲô
֮ǰû͹ʲôʵں̶ǻǸٺóԵģҽúѩһ־͹ȥˡ
һݹصҲòЩ
ֻǲ֪ϲʲô
˼˿ϣӤӤҲûͷĩеʱȥ롣
ڤˮ֦ҲæˣС˵м˷սȽϲңʱʱͿ̧һѪܵͣڤˮ֦æѲ
̫һӤӤȡһǾޱС⸽иȪĻϲȥǱ裬Ϊ棬գü۹⻬
˳ż֮Сָ·ӤӤȪϲط⾹ȻһȪ
ȪɱȺ̶ݶˣǾޱСϲ
ԽסȥԽô֮еڤˮ֦鱨ڤˮ֦µСһôʵ˵Чƻȥڤˮ֦Ҳȥ
ȪΧûС裬ӤӤߵȪԣ·˽ȥ
Ȫˮˮƺ֮ǰˡ
չƣˮϣԹ⻪
ɹӤӤȫůģ۾ûһ硣

Ȫһ죬ӤӤоԼͷҪˣ߻ط䣬ſڵСѾȲˣ׷װ
죬Ѿ׼ˣͲչһˡ
ղǵС˽ˣСϷչˡ
СҲûмʣϷݾǸµСչģչﻹǵô
СʵڿɰӤӤҲϲ֡
ӤӤ˵ͷϣ˷ǰĻ
СõܵΪ˭̨ʣһ
Ǻ׵ʹСమıӣΪ˱ͶԴС꣬صذһϿڼһֻ˵С׺ľ顣
ǰ׺̧ۼֻһ˵ٷţδķ
һݣл֮СŮԸ
æ׺ס˵ʲôĳһ·ƽѣҳݡﻹǻȥյԵǡ
׺һۣתͷ׺壬бȥ
Ȼÿÿϴӿջִᷢǰһӣа֮á½ͬǴСɻ飬С׺ֹԶԶһλΪǣԴȥɽУճɵɡ

ֳһţ԰һߵԺ֮УŶ̾һ
ɫɴ£Ӱбľˡ
Ŀǰ߽۷壬ȻͻƵĸоÿÿԱչƾЩ
ƾ֮ʱңһһĸоҪֹͣƾΣա
߻ħɢ
Լ顣
ʲôһֱֻԼӦ飺ѩڲˡָͬšΪ˼аħֲپУ˶Ҫﵽ۷徳硪õ
˳Сһ·ǰٿؿԶһԺ䣬΢΢͸⡣
ôˣӤӤûЪϢô
⼸ûˣҲ֪ô
ӤӤԺȥŵŻһЦо仰
СŮԸ
ӤӤֻС˽ô
ЦԽˣмֻͷǱʲôػһ£ͣס˽Ų
Ȼһңȫĳ
ָоҪƾˡ


47 
СӤӤֵʱֲſȥ, ӤӤǳţصԼҪһ
ͷմͷû˯ţԺ⴫Ų
ˣ
ٿһ, ڤˮ֦
ʱС, īѹͷӿ, ӻ¡
Ȼ֪ڤˮ֦꣬ǳ˰ɡ, ڤˮ֦ӭ˽
⼸ҹСˣڤˮֻ֦ӤӤһۣ㿴ü֮ƣɫԺԼ, طҪ˻ĶԼɡ
ڤˮ֦⼸ÿιȡѪӤӤҲԸϾڤˮ֦Ϊ㶦ʢ, ֻҪһ, ղˡ
ӻ˻ϳȡ, ÷ַֺûòɢģǺ
˵˵ҲǷã˷ѡ
¡
Թڤˮ֦ȡѪؾصڤˮ֦ڲɰҹ, ˯õѵ, ͷ
ڤˮ֦֮ʱٿؽһ, ʹȻϯ·ǧֻݺݿอ
˫һ, ż, °ʹһʹ, ӦǿѾˡ
׹ߣʣڲԶһԺ䣬žȼһÿשߵı
ⲻͨ꣬׽١
ڤˮ֦פƬ̣ԲѵӤӤѸټӤӤѨλϡ
ʼŨ״Լһʱ䣬䵭ɲ顣
׽ӤӤħķڤˮ֦ζʲô
ƾʧˡ
ʧܼΪңֱ󾳽綼˻סȻҲѹƲסӤӤħ
һʡ¡
еæˡ
ڤˮ֦ϲԣѾӵʦϵ˸顣
ľѩԼĺͽܣǹĥǲǣ
Ȼѩ𣬵һͣٶֵɽٵԺ䡣
׽ƺƴ󣬲ľۣݵܣש䣬һɶϱڲԫ
һᣬɽʧܵĿһӷ֮ץ˳
ʱΣֻ֮һĽɫ񣬳βͱսһ룬Ǳ

ǷҪ֮ѡһڲ෹̸ۣڤˮ֦԰ٷְͶƱѹ
Ҫڤˮ֦Ļʵ̫ˣ÷裬㹻Ų˥
ûж֪ڤˮ֦ĹȥҪ֪ģȫֻһˡ
ǱѩĶľѩ
ʱڤˮ֦ŸոշƲƵŭѩ飬ԭǧƽֹˮľһʱ˷ӿ
ȻǮпܸСǸ϶ˣ
ľѩбͽըҷӣб³Ұ
ʱȥɨĹûʱ棿
ô
㻹˸ͽܡǲֻһǧʯһ
ѩдһţڤˮ֦һս˸ѴСһӥС
С֮ëɫݽˡ
ֻ˾Ƿˣָٶȼ죬ո׽ƤϵĽۿɼٶѸ޸ܿ첦ëֻܿЩΪǳİ̺ۡ
ս˵ëһʱˡ
ڷߺѩ˽ӥСķվ
ܣʵڶԲסǰεٿīˮӳ֮Լı壬ŵЩһԽȥ
ʦû˵Ƿô
ڤˮ֦Сǰά̬ȣһǧɢνӡ
̲СĵǶģϵ
Ҫܰϵƭǲϵдд衣
֪ڤˮ֦ʲôҡҡͷ
ԴʦһֱзѪȻܸ֮ȴδἰǷˡ
СһֱΣȻΪԼֻзѪŮӡ
һ뵽⣬ոɽʧˣûбס磬Ҳ
뵽⣬δ
ܸоڰʾر壬ˡ
޷Ҫ֪ġڤˮ֦ƳһԷ˵Ϊٵľ磬һؾܲԺʧ⣬ҰĻȥСҲ⡣
ڤˮ֦̾˿ôҲ֪ô±ˡ
ո׽ٶô󣬶ٻᾪȺƥȺƥһֱǧǰֻˣǱȺƥҵ
þ콫ӤӤΪǡ
ֻڻزȥ壬ӤӤħΪ
ڱرΨһôǣӤӤֻ֪Ļʻֻ񼫽谮ǴʱģһЩСϷҲ
ʱҲøˡ
Ҫ⴦԰ֶСɾҪùˡ
˼ˣٿܵ԰֮ĳͥԺ˱
Ϲȥʱӭ˪ѩƮ㣬Խߣ֦Ͻ˪ѩԽ˻ֱӴůź
ڤˮ֦ǰһ
ⲻֳɵսô
ˣٲҪӫĴڡ
ӫΪ壬׵ΪִǸܻӻȥĺѡ
򲨼Сһڤˮ֦˴һ׷ܹڤˮ֦ȥֻһֹ֣ӫ
ӫ󾪣սнǰľ治ݣɢĺȻǾŽ׵ѹ
ֱλ˻Ҫ
ڤˮ֦ڤˮ֦ûԼݣӫô
ڤˮ֦
ӫȻ֣ڻſջ֮Уλħ˾ģĿǰ֮һڤˮ֦
ſջ֮λħ˺˽ڤˮ֦ûʱڤˮ֦ĹȥŸָԭʵΪڤˮ֦
ӤӤģӫҧס´ѹ˳
ʿ˲һλˣ㣬λҪȥЭħˣħ˻ջɫɫˡ
ӤӤͬǲһ
ʻѷӫ벻ͨﲻһԻһ仰˺ܺã¡
Ҫ֪ͺá
ӫæȥڤˮ֦ߵһԺ䣬ãͥԺ㿴ڴϢ΢Ů
ӫд㵣Ѿѹסô
ڻ֮УӤӤжɽȥʲô֮ӤӤ˿ԭ̬֮ڡ
һʱѹƣֲԶѹơԶ飿
˵ţڤˮ֦Ѿɱ˳ӤӤϡų˹ȥӤӤߣŵؿӤӤڵ״
һѪѹƲסħˣڵӤӤ
ӤӤͷϵļ룬ԼƵħͷһ̲סҪӤӤƽ޽ǵҷֻпݽĳ
㲻֪ԺҪȥģڱͺãʱ㣬㹻롣ڤˮ֦תȥӫ󣬡ôδչͽԸĵӣ
ӫһڤˮ֦ҪЭʲôˣ
Ϊʲôôã
λΪӣ˵Ϊ֮ˣЭħ˴ˡ
ȥô
ӫҡҡͷ
ȥҲһλ˴ʧ߻ȥ
νߡûκ
ڤˮ֦ûм⣺
ӤӤֻںˣʲôӤӤͺˡ
ӫ˵ͷأȥô
Ҫڱһʱ䣬Ҳȥ㻤ˡڤˮ֦Ȼ˵ֻӫƺҪʵ⣬㻹ʲôҪʱô
ӫĬƬָָ̣ſſӤӤϵĿݽ񣺡ʲôôӡ
ڤˮ֦⣺ӤӤ񣬱˳ӤӤϲˡ
ӫĬĬϡ
㡣
ӫԼģһö
öűʶֻҪһֱû˻㡣


48 
ħٶȷӤӤڴ, ǰСһ̫˱Ӧ
ֻ⼸ûߣߵĻӫ
ӫһӫ˵, ӫԱһԲվһ졣
ֱһŵʯʨû
⼸û, Ҳ֪ͻƱչصôˡӤӤе, ڤˮ֦ʩʱʹڤˮ֦ڤˮ֦Ҳֻ˵ĿǰͻƵĹͷ, ͻʱȣѹסڵħҲ¡
ڤˮ֦ߺ󣬷ʣӫ۵Сˡ
ƺڤˮ֦СǾ, ӤӤϢ⼸СǵûֻǾ˯ʱͶ
Сϲĸֻʲôġ
ж, ӫѶӫЩѽؿЩ, еĺ, ӤӤҪ
ٱ춢С
⼸ΨһܽƵıֻ񣬻ëһ룬źܿͨԣÿֶ̧
ͷϵë, ָкܺá
ĳֽǶ, ʶסŵֻļе
ֻֻӦñǺ켦ÿˡ
ڤˮ֦˵ﻨ, Ҫǿסױ̰С͵ԣ͸á
ӤӤһС, ú, ๴΢ʹ, Щʧ
ûߣܸоġ
Ѿ߹һ⣬Ӧúһĺʵʵûĵˣóʵġ
ﲡţ˵Щʲôͻ׼ãչ΢粽롣
ƺ̰˱չ˵ĸоĸͷָץ֣ٻһһԱ߻֡ӤӤеûиоЩ
ԽԽԾģڤˮ֦Ҫƽ˴ϲ󱯵ġ
ӤӤԼȻǰʼţܴһʱ˲ɢһֱţѼʱ洢
ԣСܹͷģڰ
ûµġ
ӤӤƽϢֱȷڳҴܵħ°̧ͷ
ոһȦȾ֬ҷβŽȥˮΪģ峿΢һĨϼ͡
ӤӤкܲܣ޲ܱסӤӤĺ󱳣۽ǵˮȴ˸ż֮⣬ʲô
˹Ȼϵÿ죬ٴ˲һʱȬġ
ϴαʴҲûԭͣһֱӰ˱壬ˣԶ֪ʵһֻˡ
ԹűΪ֮ףǧǰħս֮УΪķվħһߣ÷˵Ĵ
ʹ޷˵ıѣ಻ٽΪǿʼɱзѪ΢ҲӲλȨ̰ܵƵþзѪ˻Ϊ˱ɽٲ
ֻɱѪߣֻΪһħս֮з˵ô
ǣֺα壿
һμӵŴ֮ϣһαԽȻѰڵһԼҳƽԼɱʳҪ֪ʱѾ߽׵ΪŴμԱΪһ
ô˵ҲɵĵӣڹڳϱõɵҩƷĿʵڲܡ
׵ҲȻζЩν£ȡǰ
ĿӤӤϣԽᡣֻĿܱݻ̫ˡ
ӤӤ쵽ڿԼСʾ
󣬵ؿɲ̫ᣬԼӤӤ̲סצӡų򱣳ƽ⡣
Ӵںëϣûбսĵطչ֮·ŵĽ⡣
ӤӤúܣ԰һûһźϵë
˳ᣬúըë˳ѭƢãô
ҪСèССͺˣëͻˡӤӤ̲ס˵
һҧӤӤ֣ŰֱͽԵšһ¡
ҪҲֻϲԣ΢һ£߱¶õĺ
Ҳ̫һȫĶɵо
ӤӤƤ⽿ֻۣһš㸡ֳһĨ̺졣
ҧңҧҾͰץȥաӤӤջ֣вţüɴЦ⡣
Ҳ˵ʲôֻ
㿴ӤӤüº͵˵˲̵ĻΪ˱ʾӤӤĻյþʣһβһɨӤӤ֣ĳȥ
ӤӤֱĿЪϢƬ̡
ʼվ񲻰ʱͨ
Ҫְ취ȻЧĻҲԺˡ
Ҫʲôӫȥīֽ⣬ѵһ䡣
ʱӫſڣùؾذСĻȴ
ӤӤʵҲ֪ӫǲȫ仹˿ĨڱǸ˼֮һֱоͱɱ¾ص˼룬Ľͨкܶڳ˿ƽĴʶû
볭ЩӤӤҪһô
ʲô
ǳдһЩľķ֮ġӤӤǿӫţʱ򣬲ҲҪķ֮ôǳдЩ
Щʲô
ǡԡ
ӤӤζ벻ִʻԼ˵
ʵһֱĵͷֻǻԵƽգȴƫƫԼ޷ԿθУһһ粨ĺġ
ӫˣû׷ʲô˼ûӤӤ˿ӫл
ⱾмҲף֪ʲô˼ô
ӤӤĵЩѾͨ׵ҵĶʲôģɵӫֱ˵֮Ͼͺˡ
ӫǣ
˵మΪʲô˻ⲫأΪ˽ⲫ֮󣬲Żమֻҿ˶ޣͨˡ
ӫͰ˹һҳҳдۺۣӦӫǰñǵġ
ⲿǿޣͼǳ߶ȴ˼㡣
ֻʢױŮ˫˫ģԧ֮йһţɫ㣬۵úܡ
ӤӤٽⱾӫгߡ
Ȿ飬㻹СʺϿ
ĸ͵Ĵͼ


49 
޻֮, ӤӤԽңӫȴĿ̽̽
ôˣͣƺҴ١
ҲʺϡӤӤɤ, ǿѹе, ˳˦С, Сʹܿ, ǲС
ӫŶһԻ󲻽⣺ȻԡСƺӦλ˾С, ұҴССߣС, ΪǱ󣿲Ӧǡ
ססӤӤ͵ز׽Ϣ, Сߣ
Ѳӫļ, ûзһεϸڡ
ֵ֮ܽСģ˽Сߡӫ룬ָȻץڤˮ֦ĺԿҪͷĳ嶯
ӤӤæ⡣
뵽, ɽ֮, ǸصŮӣ̸ϼᡣ
ƺǸ˽СС塱ţ
ӫ, ҿٴ̽ļô
·ɻʱĺȻ, ӤӤָӫü, ⻪Ө, ӫȻţʲô
ӤӤϥϣ£˳
ٴ̽ӫļ䣬ӤӤû̫õϢλ˺Ͷ֮⣬Ҳ֪С塱ʲô֡
ȷʵǸԣӫ֮ǰǸ֯˽Ⲣࡣ
̽ɿ֣ҪеʲôǺ굽£ģϴߴٺʾ
ӤӤźĲӦˣϣ๲ѵë۽ëһһġ
ԭèèһβǲġ
ӤӤֻϲĵطԴͲӻԸȥĲ䣬ůڵġ
ڤˮ֦˼գڤˮ֦׼ȥˡڤˮ֦
õĴڱչأ׼ͻơ
ӤӤͻư˽׻ڴģͻư˽ףϼϣһ֮ƾΪѹȫ
ʱʲôСССΪӲ˲໹ܿʲôֲô
ֽţֱȥϼˣҲµıÿ졣
ϱ߽ͻƵ˽˻Եû̫೸⣬ڵֻǳչضѡ
չͻư˽׵Ļ˳˵ֻһ֮䣬˳һձ꣬ĶС˽ͻƾŽ׾͸ˡ
ĿǰˣڽоŽ׵ıչͻƣѾʮˡ
չ֮оҪٸţڼӤӤֻúӫ̻ȥ
⼸ӫദӫ۸лֻӫͬǱž֮ģʳƷҲԼ֡
ӫһо죬ȴҲûʲôӦϾֻǲɱӤӤٶ뷨Ҳûˡ
һ·ӤӤ˼ıζѩЩ
ӡ֮Уѩƽа
Ȼڤˮ֦
а塣
ܺãǾ׼ѩ׵ϱĵϡ
ʱ֣ڿջϢȻӤӤҹ̸ϻȥκӫڤˮ֦ĳĺΪ
ǣͲ·ʱܿĿǾǿϢ
ĳ̶ֳϣӫҪϡ
ΪʲôҪŻȥӫֿʼͻȻʣڤˮ֦ܺãЩطҪá
һӤӤӫͻȻʾѾԿǴˣӲҪҸɵĻ˰ɡ
㲻
ʵӤӤЩ֪ôӡ
ոջ˯ĺ˶ҪߣӤӤæ˳ëźĲ
ɡӤӤ룬ֲһ䣬ֳʲô¡
Ů
Լȫˡ
ӤӤţʱֻԼֱʹһ£Ҫ˺һƤ
СһѹݺݵһĶӣʩʩȻȥ
񿾽βͽɫΪŵĽɫڹԽҫۣƯ
ոﲻĵطˣ
ӫδԺϯ鷢κۣĵܺãҲܺá
ôˣ
ӤӤ˿ˮѹѹ
Ҫ˱˴˼䶼Ա˴˺ãӦమɡ
һˮֱ˳
ΪСѾӵʲô˵ʲôȫû뵽ӫĻ̹ʯ쾪
˵úܺãԺĪҪ˵ˡ
ϲ밮кԶ
ϲô
һġ
ʲôһ
ǲһ
һ
ҪǺӫ⣬ȻûоͷġӤӤԸɴװħ۾һ̱
簲ˡ
вװ¶ӫЧΪҪ˿㣬Ȼᾪʧ룬ɶӫ˵ֻжϣ
źˡ
ֻҪţǾ״̬õڻҹҹϸ軹ǽƾһŶӫ˵ûʲô
һ۾ҲʶʣҪ˯ʱԺоиȵȫëĶ꣬Ⱥģɢ紺΢͡

һ·ƵߣСҲߵˮˮһķ֣ˮ´硣
ѾˮӤӤɽˡһ·оӫʵǿ
СͱϿĸɩֱͬ˲ɱҲҪץȥϴɱ¾֮¡
ɱ֤ãƫƫԼɱ֮٣ǰ͹ȥħա
Ҳ֪˵⺢ɵʵϣΪ¡ӹô꣬Ҳûͬ亢һ
ӫʮ꣬ҪӤӤԭǸʱŮӦֵ껪ʱʱĻ֮͵ŮޣҲǺʦô֣ų϶Ƕ£ӫججֿ
ҹôһ·Ҳûʲô
ӫ󵭵ʳ
ӤӤ٣ûгԶ뷨ô
ûС
밡СǺ«𻨸⡢㣬ٻϺȡ̡Щûô
شģûС
ðɡ
ʱȷʵûӫʲôģΨһע⵽ľӫƺԷĸʽȤһ·ҪЩ
˵ĻҪץԼ壬еĳ߶ȱȽϿŵĻƼΪĽ棬ҲҪ׷ΪʲôλãΪʲôҪһһ¹̶ǽϡ
Ȳӫ֮ǰɱˣӫ˽νǴ覡
һŴ覵ľôٵһͿٻеС
ҪӫСĻͺˡ
ɵҲû뵽Сô̼ôʮ˼Ӱ
ӤӤڵĵ˼ҽϲĸ֮࣬˼ȽܴڻӭĴӫ
ŵĺУӫ۲⣺ҵģ
ȻӤӤҪΪʲôæ֮ǰʹϣûʲôԭԳһ¡
ӫӦһֵм䲻⣬롭
ӫŲ֪ӺδѰĻҪǰӤӤæ˾ǣתͷܻԼķ䣬š


50 
ɽ, ӫȥţ˱ɽ·ֱȴʱ֪ôѩһʱΧѲ, ֱӰһ׽ù鰸
, ӤӤӫ, ѩʡ
ѩΪǿһ۱ܿӫ󲢷, ΧҵϲӦз¹ɱҵ
ʵ߽ύЩѲ˵֮е˭ʱûйʱ򣿿ֲǻġ
Ҫ, ˻Ҳ͵͵شţ±˿ô
ȻСͽЩ, ƳСͽϥϽԼһԲĴͽܡ
Ϊ׽ٱÿݽëҲ, һβëƯ, ѩɵö࿴˼ۡ
ɾ⼸ۻ¡
ŵϢ˲˯ͷҪߣֻӤӤеĺɫʱճѧźɫѩϡ
ѩ̧, ױһ, ɵӤӤšǸոջ˯Ĵ͵һšϵë, þˣ˿ѩԼޡ
ӫźͰΪӤӤеȨ, Щ֣
ӤӤϾʲôˮ, ֵֻ
ǰЩλĻ
ӤӤ, ѩ̾һ˻֡
ӤӤѩңҲȥȴѩ̧һӣֱӶѡ
ף
ŲҪһһӣԲҪ

⼸գڤˮô
ңѩֱӵͷʣûڤˮ֦Ĺϵ
ӤӤ㵵ؿѩ
쵽ӤӤȻѩվϵһʼǣűʼǵķ棬ĿмȻڤˮǺܶǰĻˣʱڤˮ̡ҡʦ֡Ϣʦáʦáʦáڵ˾ҩϰǡĳ϶졣ʱʦҲ߹ǣһ𲻺ãڤˮʵϲǰһҽҲڤˮ̵ġ
羰䵱꣬ɹ˲ٻ
֪࣬վڤˮ֦һڴβ
ӤӤʵ˾䣺㻹չ׼ͻơ
һ⻰ջ˳ʹԼųһȦѩע⵽
ӤӤ֪Ѫʲôѩô֪ܲ
ѩĿ΢΢Լλƽ赭ڴʱ޲ýԼĴͽܣĬƬ̡
ԭͣôѹƣ
ֻЩǲ˵ģ֪˴СҪҪӤӤ֪бŵǱñ嶼
ǳ桭
ȥ롣
ҪָķǴĳϡ˵һƬͩħͬĴӤӤߣҲǸѡ
ʦʣڤˮ֦ǰŵγ̶ȣ
ӤӤ֪һ㡣
ոѩἰһȻͻûκθ֪ڤˮֺ֦ѩ𵱳ϵǳҪá
ڤˮôǶ㣬ĻšֻЩֻ˽˵˵
ӤӤ쵽ѩ۵׵įδѩˡѩմ֮ѯΪŵ壬̸˵һŮ黳ӤӤδгһѩܸпȥ̾Ϣ糾
ڼ˽ӤӤľ״ѩֶ˼䣬ŷȥӤӤҲ֪ѩӫ˵ʲô֮ȥҩ˸ղòȻԷ·ϣӫ
ӫ׾Ȼ֮ǰûǳЦ⡣
ʵ֣Լһ·ҲûӫЦ
ԶɽīڳȺɫϼ֮£ңңֻûбӰС

ӫڤˮ֦ǰ͸ķƣת˲㱻ͻڤˮ֦ǰ
ǵڤˮ֦߹޴ȥ߼ɡ
ͬѩһͨ⣬Ҳ֪Լ񴦾
²׷
Ǿ֮ˣνǷֱҪԼȥ
ڤˮ֦ǰ£ߵףԸʦ𡣡

ӤӤŴ˷ţȥϴ˸衣
ϴһ糾ˬӤӤһҺɫǰ΢ʪɫڼͷ˵ü续ޕi
˿Ϸ첻Ŀռ䣬ܿεԼ
˵ǲӦø֡ӤӤźɫëУͷȥġ
ҲѩûеݡȻӤӤ֪ԼСµʵҲ֪ӤӤηӦ
ʱ϶챻ӤӤëˡ
һƶӰҡֽ֮ϡ
ֽⶨ˲֣ɶӤӤȥˣûһġ
ҪȻҴʦȡְɡӤӤյعԼոдµ֣ɴá
ʵڲʲôԢֺ֡
һӤӤԼ˶䡣ֻĶë֮УӤӤ
ӤӤǽյ˻ĺźš
Ҹ㽲ҺҴʦôӤӤ±īһЩۣԸɴ˴Ÿ񽲹¡
񰲰ԣ͵ص֡
๼Ӳȴоʹ
֣ԹԽͷģĸ
ڤˮ֦棬ҴʦҲ֪ûмʵͦõģǡ̫رЩ
ÿҹ˾ʱ򣬺˼ǰֲ֪Ӧ˭
ǲһζܵúܡ
ԣоĻֲֻ˵ȥȫúܡ
뵽ħ֮ĸĥȻⱲȷʵѾǼµĺˣǶЩӰɢȥ
˵Ⱳӻ᲻˳ӤӤ֪ܻӦԼԴ𣬷ҲֻҸߵĶ󣬡Ҫ˳Ļ֮ҾͲĵĹˡ
оԼӤӤ˵ʲôˡ
˳ĵ
ӤӤһ𣬻Ầô
һʱӤӤСʱʶľٶζӳ¡
ʵҲͦõģΪߣչˣû֮еôȤ塣
Ȥ塭
⻰Ҳ̫⣬ȫ˵϶ϲˡ
Ҳ֪չرյôˡӤӤ̾ʵôûˣеˡ
ӤӤֻë׵ͷǿзָֿ굽ԼУͷëϸܵһӣ굽ĵס
ӤӤΪ裬΢΢˷§ԼС
ղźëͷë˵ƫӲһںϵϢˬŵӯ֮С
ӤӤź޵ë֣棺
Ҫǲ˵Ļֻϲ㣬ϲ˺òãֻϲһ
´ͷڸõëǣ
ϲˣġ


51 
ҹ, ӤӤǱѵġ
ڶ߳оԼһ֮С
˹ͼɢ⺮, ˺ü, ҲûʲôʵԵЧ
Ϊ˹, ħǣһ¡
䷺⣬ӤӤϿһ, ϶˵ɺ죬ĺһꡣ
Сʱѣһͺ, ֻԼˡ
Ӧʱϴ裬ûغô¡
ͣǴ׸Ⱦ纮
ƫƫ·
Ǻǲ, ʹ, ڸԼҲܸȡů
ů޵ëС, һ˫צӽץ½ϣĴڡ
ô
ӤӤЦЦΡΡ߹ȥˮǵڤˮ֦¸˷ܱ겻
ڤˮ֦µĲĳ̶, ־ֻʣһ, ⲻҲܱ֤άڼϣֱЧ˲
˱֮, ûЧˡ
ܵʹҲɢ纮
Ȼ˼, ҲѾˡ
ಽ, һˮ
¯, ĺǺӤӤ˺ѷεؿԼ߽ȥæȥͷ
û££ԡ
һѪӤӤ֮ϡ

Լʦ֮ɽµʩҩתͷ㿴һֻɫԼҧԼڳſȥ
ϻа̵Ѫ
ҩޣ䲻׺ȻľδɱմȾҵϣСɺ׽ΪˣҪƸ򣬵ȥȴûʲô
֡
û˿ڣѪǴģ
üˣӦӤӤˡȥɡ
̧ͷһֻվǽͷƣĿмζ
һţӤӤˣô֪ģ
ʲô֪ģȥ֣˳޶һѺľëһ޶ǰһһų򣬺ݺ֡
ҪȴһƻЩ뵤ҩʾֻԼþС
ͷԣǻݷӦҩ䡣
ɰɣҲн졣ѹ˿Цõſ񣬡㿴㿴ôôһֻɰ޹޸֮Сأ
ŭ㲻˵ˣ
ǣˣȻˡò״ᣬͷ̻ʱпܸһЦмͬǰǴ˺ӣֻڵ˾磬Ҫͻƿɾˡ˵ǲӦʲôأ
ǰ˶߽жʱԼͻư˽׵˿ҪͻƵһ¡ΪѾף򲻹߽ĩε
˵Ҫ棬ȫõô
쬵ģô
룬һٻ꣬ٻ˵г˸ƯĽ˵ӣӤӤ֪ô
֪ǽͷϣ
ҲҲ֪Ҫ֪ŶĴʦ󱧱ϲԲȡ
˲串˽Ļ棬ֱȡš
æӦУƬƬ˲串ģͬϮĻ࿹
Ļ͵ı˪⻪֯ҹĻ֮¸ҫۡ˲ڻû˯ĵӣǷ׷ܹĸͬϰŪôĶ
һ롭
顱һ졣
һһ˫˫˳ȥ
ҩ䣬ŵϻǱսǾҶһ˪Ĳҩ磬ֿһĳȥĽ㡣
ѾǵˣµΰСҩһҩ
Χ۵ĵ۷׷ף
˻ôоʦйɱûɣ
ӦáûɡҲоˣ㿴ʦӰӣо֮ǰֲ˲١
ǵһοʦϻûʲô
Ͻܣʦһ𰤴򰡣Ѿʦµαӳˡ
˲Χɢ
Ҫȥô򣬱
ԺӾĲҩ̼˿֦ҶֻڵѪӤӤҲ֪Σⲻ׽һ
ʱĵӶ࣬˵Ҳ࣬ҩΪĳͱ
ÿ϶иָĹᴩˣҪʱ䣬ΪϵЩᴩ˾ͻˡ
֪ǽޣԽʤΪ׷ȴҲô벻ôǴӺζġֱ˼ͬŵۣ֪Щ˿ھͬʱ򣬿ʼƸ֣Լľ׮ͬŴ
ƨûУѸʦʦһŵòУеĿѪɵĳ棬ֱˡ
СʱǵΪˣҪ˭˵ǧٿס
ܲ裡
ϵԷһ۱㿴б齵ӤӤӤӤֽűһԵˮ̵ˮ졣æˮ򿪴ɢǻĺ̡
ӤӤӤӤ
ӤӤ֣ӤӤϢ΢΢ǿۣؽ֡
ӤӤϴһӣϸĵظΧã̾
ôԼӣ˵ʦôûһ
ӤӤ˿ˮ΢΢ϻůЩֻֻڶʶҪȡůʱֻ֪ʲôط˹һ굽ı
˵ҪϺܸܶ࣬оůĸСֻҪ΢΢һ飬ֻܰΧڻС
㷴ӦȴҲֻ֣ʣӤӤɽյô
軤ʵͦ飬ֻоǸӤӤůȻˡ
ӤӤҡҡͷشͷش⣺ɽ׼ͻƣֻǡġ
ɫһͣģ
ӤӤ˵ͷԼһţҲ񵽴ůš
ʵůģůëȻ˵ëӲǲëëʱͦġ
˯ʱֻһɴ£Ӳɴ°ڲ䵽ڵë
ܿץס˹ؼ㣺ʱһס
ţһˡ
ôĵʣһסô
ûϵġӤӤӣģЩ˼ҿһ˵ġůҲ̫Ѱ
΢΢ӵԣΪ纮շ𵭵ĳ죬ɫز֮ࡣ
ͷɬһֻôãԷԱߵķӻţҰһסˡ
ҲӤӤ˯֮еӦ
ҹ뷸Ҳûҩˮʵ
̾ǴʦߣȷʵҲܺúչ˵㡣
ʦչˣͲôô㣿
⴫Ц첽ǰɨһȦûȻ󡭡
ôӤӤıĹҵģ
սʱֻĤһʹһŭ֮
ҪǸ˵ҵ飬ҲֻӰ㴰ǰȫŵͶọ̈̄


52 
ӤӤڷ˼, ֶ񣬳֮Ǻ͹˵˵
ȻӻǼΪ, ǿԼÿȥʽ, ٲһҿ, ʽ
ڷѪѹסħӦֵͻƵĹͷɣ
, Ҳ˺ǡҲ֪αչͻư˽ܶá
ӤӤսʣһʱ麹꣬˫Ȳסز
ǽصԼ, Ӱǽϣ΢ƽƽϢȥԡ¡
, Ǻ񶼸, 벻
ҹڴ, ڿеһ£ʣȴվֿ䡣
֣źë
ձˡӤӤŹǽϵӰֻһ, , δ
ȻƽԺȴֺôõĳϦദ, Ѿ벻ˡ
ӤӤ̧֣Լ˱, ָһ
պϺȺˡӤӤһڲˮ, е, ӲĹָϡ
˼ҳִֻǰȴкܿ˳ȥֱһ֣
翪ǣɽڣꡣ
ô
һŲˮĺ
׺ˡ

þУ涼ǿ̨λɹѡ̨Χ˽磬֮䶷ղס˿̨Ϲۿӡ
̨мһյǳǵרλ
̨ĵһŵҩڵӼ䳤ǣҩõһ㲻μӶֻ⡣
ĿǰΪһΨý𵤵ߣȻҲڲԱ֮С
ϼĲҪʮڣỹһɸѡμϼѡãʶС̭ơòĵӷʤ߼һ֣֡ÿʮԣѡߣ·飬ظ˲衣
ֻǲ䣬еӶܲμӣʱջһ·ɸѡǰϼĵӼɡ
ڵȻģֻʣ˰˸
Ŀǰʮ֮ͻ׵ĵˣͻ׵жʮˣҲʮ֮о
ʵҲڶ͵ģϾ˾ҩеһĵӣָҩ޴ֻʶѡ
ȻҲմ֣ĻǵϷϷʦʦãչ֮е˴һֽʹ˻ȥ
СɺͳٹȥչءΪʦ֮㻹˽ףΪʦȫǰ̡֮
꣬׳ƴƨɡ
Լʦǳĳæȥ
ڳǩʱӤӤǲǸעЩ⣬õ׺꾡Ľ͡
ûϸȥѾҡǩ
̨
ϴ̨ʱһȺ˳۵ĺΧס۸ǾֻһѩС
ת֮䣬ɢ
վ̨֮ϣͬŶΪأȭʩ񣺡ʦ㣬Ϣسµ죬ʦָ̡
̨֮С
ĵӣѩƳһڿĹӵϢسϣЦ
ǳСӿ϶ӤӤĶ֣ʦӤӤúøһٽѵ֪ϢسϷ
ӤӤͬŵĳ̶ֳϲǺһ󲿷۱˵ʵ໹ҪΪ֮ģӤӤսȫǿԼʵʵġ
ڣܶһֵӶӤӤִй񣬿ʼʱ˭Ҳɫ԰ŮŰٷְٵɹʣ
̾һ

ӤӤָ̡
ӤӤֻ
ֳӰȻЩģŽȵġ
ԣʵǸһαװԽǰΪն
ʵ޽Ҳкܴһأ˭ʱԼǸ̽ĵŮأ
صɱ㹻ˡ
곯ЦЦ彣ɫţʦʵǿĪҪΪΪͶ顣
ʵǿô
֮ͬд裬ɶöɱС
ϾתŵѾ˲ħԺ͵ߣԲħ壬׷һΪ;
Ҳ̫Եľƣױ˷ĿԡϾֻСС֣ϼص㡣
ǣãõ̫Ŀŵö֮ڳϿԲС
ѩķӤӤзЩ΢ɬԼʦǸ˸⡣
Ľ۷ΪǽޣȻԴʹɲâ
Զȴְе˾ҩһ¡
̨ϵĵ۷׷ף
ʦͷͣ˵ϢسϺòѰĺӣ쵥ɣԽսʡʦӣֻ¡
һŵʦһۣ֪ΪʲôʳĻô
Ϊʲô
Ϊʦʦ㡣ʦֶ˶٣ֵǼʦֶεˣʦǲġʦⲡֲһˡ
̨ϡ
ʼ
ΪһܹעȻǺܸߵġھ볤ϯԶһ̨˶̣ѹ˭Ӯ˭䡣
̵ҲܾרŴŵĵҪҪѺעϾŵûӤӤһִĵӣ˭Ҳ벻һŮжʵ
ˣ˭ںǮùⲻ
˹һʯѹʦܡ
ʦãô̿ڵĵӻԼĶ⡣
Ȼġ
ҲԥϾͱԱߵĻƵһߣеʯɿ˼ǡ
ʯǮ׬˵
΢΢һ˫һЦúһ
ֻ֪ӤӤǿȴ֪ӤӤǿ
ӤӤһһʽɱаôܶͬõó
׬ǮӤӤԺóԵĺˡҪˣȥӤӤԼ
ô

ȶˡ
ϰǼΪյġ˷һܳļףֻеĽ޲лС
˷ʽ񲻹ʮ꣬Ѿ˵һʽŵڶʽֻδɽ𵤵ΪһʽѾԳƵ츳ˡ
һû磬ƿ֮ƣٿֻƣֱ
ӤӤֻԭأҲû
ͬʱߴѩĴ䣬ҲҪʹɱС
һӤӤȻġ
ͬд裬㵽Ϊֹɣֲʲô֮У̫ء
Ӱֻ֮յͣ͵˲䣬нɱ
ӤӤʱȴҲǰЩӶԹģ͵ͽ׵ӶŪһ˵顣ϾΪͽ׵һʽѽԽĻ׷ƫִĳ̶ȣȥԶǳҲܡ
ȻЩдĳɷ֣Ҳдʵ
Լ
̨ϴһ󾪺ֻӤӤһ漴֮潣ᴩӤӤ塣
ǶΪӤӤһѺʱȴδֳκѪ⡣
ӤӤξ˼һʧд󾪣ϳˣ鲽
ȫµ߶Ἰ鲽ӤӤתˣӰԭصʵû鲽ٲȻѾ¯ˡ
֪Ⲣǵ鲽鲽ͬӤӤľϵЧ̴ʵֻӤӤֳһ˿壬岻ܵˣǶӤӤް
ʦӤӤ֮ǰϲþϢسЦӤӤԾĿƳ̶ȣ˵껳
ϢسǰŮȻͷֱϢسһѣ
ʦЩôĪǶ²סʦ죿
ϢسǰŮһɫȹټλ¡ضӣȣڵĻϡ
⻳ϱǰڿ轲ھγ̵λҵϣĩ˴ӳϵһϸ
ɡѩϢˡ
̨ϵһ̿գѰӤӤټȻҡڴʱӤӤӰӴ󻺻һᣬֳ̽ȥ
ڴʱоһָüģֻҪӤӤɱ⣬ոȥһɲǰûзضش
ӤӤ֮ʵ̫ˡ
˵Ϊ˵սɵķԡеʱ򳣵ġһ򷨡δЧ
ˡ̾˿ķڷ䣬лʦָ̣Ҷȥúʱȡлʦֽ̣


53 
ӤӤʤ
¼ҩõϹһ, ֮ҵټְݣĻֺȻһ
ӤӤ̨һȥͱסˡ
, 㲻˵, һƭ, һųŶһ㡣
ӤӤ飬֪עȥˡֻϧһ㶼¡, ı䡣
ᳵ·ˣ˶٣
һٸʯء
á㡱һΣӤӤδЩЦһʯһ¯
һٸʯ˵㲻ʲôɣ
ܹü̳Ϻõӻˣϴθȥ, ҶҺȶ١ûˣңԹΪΧĵӲԼͬԶķ˳, ±Թ
û, Ҫ㣿ӤӤֵһ, ȨûԼС
ѩĵӣʦãȻѩûҪӮﻹǶٴЩġ
ůչкϣɢҹ͸Ĵ̹Ǻ
ֻλ, , ᳵ·һ꣬ë׵ͷ·˲ؿڡ
ץס, һŤ۵ӤӤЩг
ֱӤӤ, ĵ
Ťȥ˭㣿ôһָͷܰŪѾʡ, ŵľʧһ, 㲻֪ҿһε̨ҶҪô
һҲ䡣
ӤӤߵԹԹŪͷΣ뿿ӱϣ԰׵϶һ㱡죬Ϊǳ̧̧־Ĩȥ
Ȼͬ޷ȫʩΪܳԿҪӮҲû취ҲǸϸȥÿһá
Ϊ˲䣬Ҫˣ
ӤӤ˴ӣ΢΢֮һЦڻˡ
ˣϧҪˣҾȥظ޵㾾ȳǻʱһٰȥ
ӤӤĲЦˡ
ĳ̶ֳϣȷʵ񣬲׽á׽һ˵Ƣúܡ
ϣһëһ߿
űĽУֱϵ˳򲻶ϱ䶯ܿ͵ϳˡ
Ǻˣһ׵ʦ㡣ȻûֵʲôôȻѾˣȴҲܶ顣
һ㶼棡Ƿ䲻ҪǮһӺͷϵĿݽرԹ
Ͼҩޣó
δ䣬ӤӤֻһͻȻͶˡ
㣬ʤߣ
ʵֻ밲οѡ
ԩ
ȵٴֵϳŽѨλ¡ӤӤĶ筻ΪͬոմǸʦ㶼Ƿ޻ϵĵӡ
ڼ֧֮ǮһõĲҩ޻࣬Ϊÿ궼ҪôĳƷͿհ׷ΪӵϰԴ޵ڣûһ˸ֳƷƷֽġ
Ȼ޵սʽ򵥴ֱ׻ֱ÷档
˶Ծ̿ڵǼ˲˷
ӤӤǿǶ֪筻Ҳ筻ȥִƺƴܰѸʮаܣӲܴת׵ļơ
ټ筻ΪӤӤЩܶ˷׷ѹ筻
ܿӤӤʱ㵽һߡ
ӤӤαӮѹһǧʯҪͱˣ
̨߽磬ӤӤĺһģоԼ˷һ¡
ֽ޴ʦûɡʦõӣֻܲˡ
ͷֻһźɫ۷Ůվ筻
ԣ֪ܲˣӤӤΣָѹѹԼ彣筻ʦ㲻عΣʦʦΣξͺá
˵ĻڳϽ֮Уֻϳ̾һ֮̾ûнʲô
Ϣسͱͱϣôˣƽ޹̾ʲô
룬ûûصĵըӤӤƳһ۶ѩŬŬ졣
ңʮǰһпɵĵӣ÷ըһֱۣȻǽӻȥ˻û£Ǳѩ׷ںһϡ
СҲ۸ϵһ۸ôվסףȥҧ
˼£ѩ΢΢һЦЦ⿴ûֻ
ůϣôڱһ
ģϽҲþûˡ͵д裬дˡ
д裬ǵŹ
ϸҪϢسϽһ
˵

筻жεΪӤӤս𵤵׳ҪһЩ
ӦôܳһЩħɣ
ӤӤ롣
ɾ˼ζ筻ʱĵ׶Ȼһ
ӤӤչӣһҪѾͷ򡣡
筻ʦ𣬻ô
ôҪģ
ӤӤеɻٿ筻ʱδЩ΢
Ҫ筻֪ԼʦöְҲ֪θ롣
ʦãˡ
˾ҩһ£筻һȭѸټһ筻ǻ˫ԵľӶࡣ
һʱ䳡ϳɳŻҫĿཻҵرըըŨ˲֮У̨ϵ
н赲Ȼ˵ֱϯ̨ˣڿǰŵĵӻǸоһϮһŵҩõӸס˺ʱ׼̨ˡ
ȥô筻ʦ⵽˶ٷ
ٵüʮ
Ҹоüٸ
һֵĸʯһöʯ
ųɰǧʯ˲ڳը޲𺳣һԴöʯԣűһܾԼѴûвļġ
˵ʦò°ɡ˴Ӹ߶ʯ֮лʡ
ôơ
׶༪١
̽ȥӰӰ´ܿһӰֻǵӰҲΡΡģʱܵȥ
ڳ˽ȻôʩŷҲȫû¡
ҩõѾƴ
̳ɢ
ӤӤǳɳѪӰǿվ筻Ѿڵϣһ
̿ڵʦֵ˲ѹе˷׷׾ϲϾ̳ĳ棬˭û뵽ӤӤӮ
ǵվ̨ɳʦãȫʦã
ʤߣӤӤ
˾ҩһ£ſҩõĵæǰѱԼըòʡµ筻̧ȥֱӳӤӤ
һ£ӤӤһѪϣ̨ǴҲ˹ָ
ڵءƳһۺ̾оôҪȥϢˡѾ֣ʣһˣҲûʲô
ӤӤ˶ָźĲ΢ͷǾһȥˡ
ȻӤӤӮˣֻӤӤԼӮȫѪĿֲ޸
ڷըʱΨһһ£筻ߡ筻Ϊû±˵ӾԼҲֱܿӲԼķը˸߻ء
һ·ӤӤ˵ΪڶӮ˶˷ܲѵੲݣҲֻ΢΢ͷʾӦ͡
ڵԷ̤ţӤӤһӰһڵϣʶɢ˹ȥ


54 
ӤӤʱ, Ѿǰ
һӳĻֻ
ˣճߣӤӤ̧ûгԶ, Ӻ۾֮в׽ĹС
֪ô, 
ÿʱ, Ŀ⿴, ʺ򣬻ۡ
Ŀһޡ
Ŀ⣬ҵĴʦ㡣ӤӤЦЦ, ָ̧źͷ
ͷһؽɫëëŵ, β֮Ư, ɫӳ, ԡ
֮ǰΪսһëδᣬֻѾȫָӣôȥô˵֮еķˣ
²ǰڸ˰ɡ
һ룬ӤӤδֻЩȻȻ֮ʧˡ
Ϊؿ, ֻ˽ҩ֮һ, ճߣġ
߰޷Ӧòмİɡ
ӤӤջĿ, ỽһԼûι
ι˰, һιˡ񲻳Բȵ, ӲҪ, ʱҲſţһҩУЩ֡
֣
ҽг𡣡
ӤӤǺÿԼʲô
һ⼸飬ÿֻҪһܡһһ˴лء
Ȼ˵ĻǸĻľǱһϢǱճ˽̿Ҫôֱӱ˫ĥ
ǻġ
Ȼֻоʵڲ磬ӤӤ̲סֵֻĿ
ˣֲ񡣡ü˲Ѿʧôħսʱ򣬷Ѿ䣬ΨһһֻķˡֻӦǷ˵ĻѪɡ
˵ӦԶˡӤӤ΢΢Цţ˵ҪǵԼԶ׻ʲôӦ
Ż˰ɡ
ӤӤ֮ǰɽӣǳͬص˵ͷ
Ϣһ磬ӤӤ״̬ͬ筻һսЩԡ벻ȥתתһҲƣȻӦ롣
ɢĵطأڱϴһϲСµӰ˱¡ϰϰͦΣһˬ
ϣͬߵɫϼ̸ٿֻ´һ𶯡
ʦãʦѩᣬϱź΢Цȴʼ׷ǰĻϡ
ܵ÷ɿ죬ͣվѩһΪӵ۸Ҳ˦׷ôݵѩ
ҲҲӤӤӮҼ筻ƾʲôĻң
ʦãʲôʱ˵Ҫˣ
ϵӿٶȣȻҡ
ʱѾ£Ȼ±վŵӤӤ˾һ㣬һץӤӤֵϡ
ȻɰСͽܣҪˡ
ӤӤֿϡ
Ŀɿڴ
ѹԹǸװװӰƽʱϿʱôãǿɲȡûٴҾҪô
˵̧ͷȻһʦٽһҾʹСͽ£
˵ţЮӤӤѩ棬һּΪŵȥ
Ǳݷ磬ӤӤȥӤӤñзȥٶۿɼĻ
Ȼѩ·غЮ֡Լסȷÿ䶼ˡ˴ֹѩ롱ķֽ֮󣬲ŷ뿪
ճͷײ׷ѩѩһץסԼͽûȱ첲ȡ
û£ʦ𡣡ӤӤЦϲûΪҡ
治֪ôͽܵģͽͽ÷ըΪʲôҪôྭѣһȥ͸롣ʡǱӴܶ˷ѵһĻѩŻϵСԺһ̧Ÿġ
ɪһԹ飬СԺдʦ㣬Ҫ

صԷڵڵµ¯ҲôţصԼ䣬ָϡ
ûзս
ͬŶͬаȫͬսͬа迼аΣһʱʧֽɱҲ֮УͬŲС
ĵȨˣҲ֪˭ͬһСͬһ׵ʦ㣬ǶϣҲû̫յʤ㡣
뵽ӫ
ȻԼӰãӫȣ˲١ӫĽѸʵཻʵ飬ʵ
ҪҲӫˡ
ʱʹѩؾѩֻҪϢǺϵĽܴɡ
ͣ˽һֱ˴ˣ뽣֮ܺ϶Ϊһеý
ȻںһģˣҪµĥϷܻͨ⡣ӳÿһÿһʶŵӦʡ
Ʃ
֮棬Ͳ̫ʺϲ͵ϮķϾʵڸǲסƣ͵ϮŪɳ׾
̫֮
̫ȣңɨһкڰͬǿħĽ漫Ϊء
ȵȣɨһкڰ
ǷζţԽ̫֮ӰӱԽ
һʱͷһģӰӽֻδӰ֡ӤӤ֪⻹ԼĲԵʣ˶ϥԽھ
ۡ
ǰһƬεĺˮ㵴ᡣ
δϴھ֮ϵͺë켦ֻ޹ؽҪӤӤû齣˼ӦΡ
ھ֮У˼תñҪ죬಻õʩΪ

ڴ֦ϣֻŲԽԽƬ̺ǽͷ̽һͷգգ۾˹ȥ
һһͣһƧ䡣
òܱżɽʡ
ָ֣˺ۼΪԣ˺۲ʦʦŪģǱչĺۼ
ȥժˣ
ȻôأЦʡ鷳ӤӤӤӤСһԼ˲ԼźԺ˯á
ֲ֪ҡûзȥֻǾǸƯˡ
̿ˣƯ㿴β͡
ЦһȻֹסԭŽ۵ëѾ޸ãɫ֮¹ʽ֯ԡ
ʲôʱҲأ
ʣûмղŵĻ⡣
֪һ㡣
Լһֱ֪Լı岢ǷˣܿȥĿǰֻѩڤˮ֦֪һ۱ϳأ
벻ͨ顣
۾©ʲô䶯
֪ĻʵѾԼĲˣô
٬ݵһ޵ĳɫȴɢ͸ı
ұģȴŶɱ
ʱԼòȼʴǵĺ
ط
һѾ㹻ˡ
Ҫұˣڵһͦϲġգգ۾ָܿҸоҪȥӤӤˣֳˡ
һֻ̣һԷд
һһ˵Էȥ
Ժ֮УΧǽ뵹һϢӵѵשʯ¶ŮִƣâһûǽҲ˵϶ǽʷƮҡҡҡ
ĬĬվλһϣȴṦ
Թϰ֮ģ֮
ºϷ
ӤӤôˣ˯ô
Ժ䶸ȻһؼĻ⣬ȻܵĲԫϱ֮䣬ŵǽ֣ȴשǽõġ
¯Ƭ


55 
ûϷ, 棺⺢ӶӤӤ̣Ҫǻ¯ӡ
ԥ㶪ȥ
꣬С㡣һĳ, ô
һ, ͷȥ, Ȼ롣
˭밡
ʱһһ̹˭Ҳܰ·ëյһɶ
Ͼǿǽӽںҵ㼶Ļ, Ҫǲߣ㹻ȼǹͷӶʣ
ϹھĬ
¡
ӤӤŲǽԶǰ㰧Թ, ӤӤܲ˼
ոھ֮һʽԺ֮вһ£ȴһʽֻ֮һһ, Ѿ˴Ժ䡣
ۿ, ӤӤʶ󳷡˫һԹ, ʮֻ׼εӫ
ԹԹ찧ˣҲйԹ
ȴƽӤӤôˣ֮ǰġ
, ¡
ӤӤš
ű㿿ǽ
һϢ, ץסˣĵ
ӤӤ, ңҿôˡʵܵ˵ġ
ʵڹ
ټֻ֮һѩ۷, ɫ֮»ӾĳλԹ
ӤӤһװ, ͸оһ, ӤӤһֱ
ͬȺ͸첲Ǽްˡ
ӤӤʵܲˣģ
˱ˣ¯㣬ҲʱǽˣýŹҺˡ
ҩ޳ѨλѿصüΪ׼ÿһ¶Ѩ۵ĵط顣
⻰ɱ΢ЦɭɭҪô֮ǰһø飬Ҫʲôˣϵ³㲻û
ڴʱȻԺ죬ӳ˰ҹɫ
ɫ䣬æɿӤӤԼԺӳȥ
Сݰ
ɣһֶԻ浤ҩԭϣһȼҪʱʱš
ϣôЩھһȼˣ
¯û˿
û˵ĻСɾͰæˡ
뵽ҩõǰһĩϵ飬ոնӤӤԹתƵһѶʹȼϡ
Ժ֮ϣʩʩȻ£һ۶ûֳ
ûܵÿ죬ǽϵʱ˴ʱеԹ
塪񡪡
ҧгݣָžž죺ҹ

ӤӤص
һͷӣӹβԼϣŻָƽ
ڸոչڹӰ֮ϵĶԼȻܲͬħȻֻһС
ζǳڱȥħһᱻתΪá
ӰǷֲģйӰ
ӰӰɹ⣬վɷֿʼնҪĳƽ⣬һ塣
̫ǣһнԿɷΪ˵Ӱ
ħ֮ʶӰͬԴΪħǽħĨǿѹƣǽħ֮жкȡһ֣ѭ֮ںɡ
ӤӤڴϹ˼Ȧӽ˶ˣ
Ŀħĸоһҹ޻
ȻҲ֪Ժҹķ粨
׼¸ѩ𣬿ɵãȻһΪϤӭ
ڣķһɡ
չ
֪ô߮оλСʦֺϴμ̫һϢӾλչɫ֮ǰ˲٣Ƶ֮Ҳǳȥ
һֻɫӤӤͷëʽ֯βȻ£ôӤӤʣ档
СЩֱǺڹż֮мķһģһ
չ衣߮һ´ǣûƺȽòǷô
˴ûôСģ
Ҳԡ߮üչɣʵ¾塣
ӤӤ˵ͷоͬ߮żȻѹ߮ĺܿ㿪żɽ
и֮롣߮չԾĿƾˣ¿ɷչһ
߮۷ΪܸоԼֻ߽һ㱡ֽͱһֽȴǵ
˫ޣǷɽЩһ߼˵ĵӡѡΪɽȹ֮ǳڶĵ¡
СˣδϹƿʶҲʸ񡣿ȴ۷δн档Ҫսͻ֮ν֮ͣͲǰ
Σʴѩѩ಻ỵִ̈ӤӤʤΡ
˽֮߮ӤӤ֪Լʤδˣ߮۸һΪá
ֻ΢㲦һЩµġ

ÿ̨֮ϣĵӽͷӶ۷׷ס
̨֮ԭӦ˫Ծĳ棬ȴֻվһλӡѾˣǲԶи
˵ʦһΪƹˣ첻ûðɣ
ʦӹǣֻ½Ҳˡ
꣬˵䡣˵˼׷Ż£Ƶûˡ
£
ǧȷ
ʱ䣬ӤӤС
ˡ
ſڴһʱֻ֮ӰңһһӰ̨֮ϡ
ŮȻɫҰףǳǳЦ⣬Ϊ˶һĨԡ
ÿ̨֮ϺȲ
Դ쿴ӤӤ˭ҲӤӤôȡʤģ㼫ΪڴӤӤĳ˶ϷʵĹһҲ뿴ӤӤʲôֶΡ
ʧˣֻһཻ֮䣬ͬӤӤĵӱӦ˳ȥһ˿ֵĻᶼûС
ͻȻô־ʦܺʦֵĸоأ
ʦ㾳Ҳ̫˰ɣڲڡ
æĿڣ˵ءʦòŶ󰡣кܴķչռ䡣
˵֮УӤӤصԼλϣûȣͱͬΧ
кģ
ʦãոʹõĵʲô͸¶һô
вģ
ʦãʱǱһһܿ㵽ʲôֶΣ
бĳ˼ģ
ʦûе£ҪûУԿһô
ӤӤ
ֻҺòڣŻеĺ͵һȳ򣬳βͺ޲عųˡȻڶ˭ʵ˺㹻ˡ
Ŀǰ㲻˶ѪͳֻӤӤоոľٶһֻĹԳԼ֮˱޲ϵ뷨
ԵĴѿ̶ƣͷ紵һᡣ
ʵϲĵʲôҲһˮƵ
ĳǩȫѶʶ
ܸоͷ˲Ĳ
ѩױ࣬ҲһЩ裬Ƕϲվͷϻ߼ϣ￴ԶֲܾʱͿԷһȦ
ֻϲſеʵټ
᲻ǳаʲôģ
뵽⣬ӤӤ£˳򣬼͹ƺû⡣
ٿأĳֱϣģĶһ߳ȶƽ⣬һһϣֱۡ
ҲôӤӤоϲצӣĴų򣬷һͷ
᲻أǶŪһĳͽ䣿
ȻбһֻϷĸо
ӤӤ̧̧ӣץסĲһƣʶ
ӤӤм⣬ͷա
˵ɰ̫ϲô죿


56 
С, õϼʸֱ֤ˡӤӤҲˣκϳãһϳֱҪӮִ־ͷ̶һһԾ, ֱ
֮ǰһϢ׼ʱ, ȥ˺̶
̶˵ۼ, ʯӳӰӣŵҩ㡣
ýЩ, ̶
ͬϦദıں̶֮Уȫ, ӳǳ̶ˮ
˻ңͬȪཻڳú̶ɹ֮ò, ִƫص, ں֮лٷ
ܿ, ÿ뵽˳ǣͷ¶
Ƥңȷʵ޿ޡ
ӤӤ̶£һػ磬˶, ̶ˮ֮С
ཻ, һ̶ˮĺЮˮ
ˮǺ, ӤӤջ֣ں̶ߵ͵Ϳʱֻоʲôĺ, ̧ͷһǸԱߵĺ
ֱϰߵĶ
Ѳ
ͷٿӤӤбĳ
ֻһ, ͷе, ĬĬȡȥ
Բܡ
뵽Ҵʦ㡣ҿʱߣҲҵĺ󱳡ӤӤ£Ѿȥӣ§˻С
֮ǰסһǼõġӤӤ̾˵
˵ĻĽòǿĴʦ㣬ȥӽˣС뷽跨ߡ
С
룬Ⱳħô
ӤӤ˶٣ЦʵħħģֻҪץĥˡӿɾڡ
ħվһ֮ʵΪӽνкԶľ롣
ǷǺڰףƶѷ֡
ʱҲй۵ͷɴԱˡиΣȴȫ⡣
ϾиȴΪֻúûȥͨˡ
תϱħ֮ǰ
ʱħӡ𣬱ѹõħϯս
ħʤӡħҲ䡣
ʤħԸ˾ӻħٲһ
Ҫʵſħƺв˫˿ս
ӤӤʱԼĻԵǿܽ˲ϢսѸٴﵽߵʶ֮С
ڲս
ʱϷվħˡһսħ˲أھҪҪһٵƽħ硣
ǴλٿʱǰϦһȺܾһʱӤӤ
ϱΪͬʦãϵȴ䲻ȣֻǵͷ֮
ȻһʼӤӤõģûʲôõ㣬ԼĻԵҲԴνˣ㽫ͬһ¸һԡ
ͬħһսУ˶ڵˣһǰһں󷽣ټ档
˽ӤӤδȻ
ʦãûҪˡ
ΪΣ
ޱϲŽ۷ϢվڴߣǶҪһɲ֮ȡ
ħǱô
ûлش𣬵ٿʱѾʧ
䣬߳ħȷǱ֣ɣֲǡ
һ㣬Ѿץ߹֮
ߵħۣǲʹ˼ħ顣һͺ΢ˣӦħ磬ȴˡ˼֮ʣǵƽħܡ
Ҫģͬħƺ⡣ȱһɣȻͲڵ·ӡǳĨɱ
ķӡħħϢζ
֮Ȩ֮䣬һһģҲûʲôһĴڴס
ҵЩ飬ϾңҶԹҺңġһΣҲˡ
ӤӤ˵ĻڴѾ𾪵ȫ˵ˡ
ӤӤĻУƲڴ֮ǰӤӤһһħӤӤץзŰ衣
һԼΪλ飿ΪӤӤôֻΪѩƫ裬δ̫ǳˡԼ顣
˵ħ֮Ӱԣ΢С޷Ŵ
ӤӤ
ҪһӤӤ֣ǿסԼ뷨
ӤӤϱŰⱲӻߣ²ֹֻħɡʶܸоӤӤʱǸˡ
⼸ӤӤ˲ɽִֻΪ˴аϼȡˡǼȡ˵ĻʵץҰҲûʲôɡ
ӤӤֻǴаϼȡ
˼ʵ綼ҵġһҪԼȨѰ顣ӹĸűûгHʷĸɵϲѪۣ
쳤ǳǳӤӤĳ
ΪħҲ˶ħɣ
ɵӣǸɵӡ
֪ӤӤĹȥĵǱȥһһֿ飬ǽӽľȻָо
ľȻֺ֪֮ӤӤڻԹô
ɱô
ӤӤֻֻ֪ҪӤӤԸʱõͷӤӤᶯô
ôˣ˵ĻһôأӤӤƳ֮еרעǿЦЦΪҾñôʵҲûʲôԼҲԼ౯˺Ҫʲôˡ
ָëӣϱӶϱӵˡⱲҵĺãҲǵáὫӻġ
ⱲӣԼĺô
ɿʼΣתʦ֮£ӤӤǰҪӣٵ·Ѫ
ˣӤӤΣյͷ
˽ͻƵʧܣص˼
ԼĴ
ѪĵģʱӤӤٱֻзѪܽȻ
ɷѪħѹƣͻʧ飬ԭͱ塣ѹסһ֣ʣµĴ󲿷ʹ໹ӤӤԼȥ
ֻò䴫Ǻ̶庮ǸоԼů֮Уɹûë顣
һעڵģǾ
ħѾӤӤȫô㾫
˵עܸͻƣͻƵһ磬ܿǣһ˵ǻΡˣ׾Ҽʦʱֻʦޡ
ӤӤ˵л˵ô໰˵Ҳûˬжظ
ôˣһû˵ӦҲԼĽɣܽһô
װûж
Խѣһ˳أ漫Ϊʢ
ֱǲС
еĻҲûʲôʵͦ˵ġߵܻҲá
ⱲӴʦ֮ҸطӣЩܿܲһߣʱǸպи飬ûһ˵˵߹ƽϽָϼһ
ӤӤ̲סë˳ͷһ·ָĳ⡣
Ҫǲ˵͵ĬˣǾһΪҲø֣ƺġӤӤ룬Ҳʲô֣ź̶Ӱ˵ЩͽΣ
ͷ˲ӤӤֱ


57 
ľڶ
ӤӤĶǱʤߵĵ, Ϊ۷İҡ
Ӻ̶֮ӤӤȥһ°ҵ鱨
ұҪһ죬|۳ӱɫĵ, ޳, ˮ˫, գĪ⡣֮ǰĶִû³ŹһС
һĩ˵ĶĿ, һȴܹҲֻǿʤ
һѰڰŴϣҲڵҲȡ˲Ρ
ӤӤ, Ұȫҵѹˣɲ䣡̨³ЦŻ˻֡
ܸоӤӤԻʤĿû֮ǰӤӤΪ, ΪоӤӤ
ӤӤ˽·, һ, ٻм۲İϡȻӤӤΪ޲⣬ëһû䡣
ǲϳãһϳǻʤҪս߻ȥ
ֻӤӤ״ʱ׼ʩȡ
˽֮ǰԱҲܼ, ûһϻ
ӤӤ
ҡ
ʼ
˾ҩһ, Ҳˮһˮƿն, ֱȡӤӤҧȥ
ӤӤһ鲽, Ծê, ת˲˰󡣵ˮ쵽, תм䡣
˫ֽӡ͵һƣˮԹΪأѪڳӤӤҧβһɨסӤӤ·
ӤӤӰʣڣӰ֮ϸһ棬Լܿڰصĵħ
ħڲħ֮˾ҩϴ϶ٴԵ״ӣûм֪ġ
˵ˮ˻𣬵أ
ڸǰδáӤӤὣһ
ˮ̵ཻĴ̶ˮ죬̨ϵĵ̲סס˶䡣ŨŨ˵ӰûˮۿɼٶС
ҿԼٻˮҪ濾ɣѸٷתӡҪˮջȥ͵ط֣ˮעħʱջأֱħ壬Ӱһ
⼸ڹ۲ӤӤӤӤһص㣬ǼΪѸݣȹȥΪĶݲһ˿
ҵϣˮջصͷ½ӡոջήҲˮƱϸһӲӵƬ
գ󿪴ϣǰϤսʽ
Х֮ˮתΪ֮𣬳ӤӤͷвݵļơ
Ǳ仯ֻ˲Ϣ֮䡣
ڶѹ֮£ӤӤӿѪŲɨβԾУס˵ͷץצ
ӤӤڷ飬ѣ֮ʱβͺݺɨӤӤϥǡҵĶʹӤӤѹоԼϥһ飬ŲԼ˺һ
Ȼһ죬һһֿӤӤģǱͻȻйĳðڵϣ˲ǵѪƽź
ʤ׷צݺץӤӤſԱһ˽צͬʱѸץӰվ
ͷӤӤϷ
ʵ̫ˡ|۳̾˵ʦ㣬ΪʲôֱӤӤþƣ
ǰ컳ϵǰ֮|۳ֻüӹǿɾѩ׵ڡ
ӤӤľ츳˸ߣҪڵ֪ˣô죿ѩЦҿ᲻á
|۳սսѩ𣺡ҪǲӤӤˣºѴùҼҰҡ
ѩҡӣ˹û£ҺԭġСҲܣСʦһܲô
|۳ǳ鴤аһ㽶̧ȾҪߡ
ϸۻ𣺡|ʦ㣬ߣ
ȥҲϴɾȥš
ͬʱ̨ϡ
ͬһֻѡĽƧ˵ĿԱϵļսϾΧ
˵˭Ӯʡ
ԥش𣺡ҡ
ˣôβӤӤˣҲ˼ӤӤıԣ⻹һƶӤӤ䡣
ҿɲ廨ͷȻܴӤӤδشùҡʱʦϵģҸСġ
һˣһţ˵ЧǶĿȾ
ر壬ʵɰڱ֮ݿʮάʱҪ
ܸоҲ̫۸ˡε
ͳϰס
ðɡ
뵽ӤӤԼ׷ɱԼĳ桭
²ؼ߸߹ˡ
˱
ܽΣҿȥ׶༪ˡ
Ȼô˵ĵײðһʤʮþȡ
һӤӤնǽѾȫԽΪӦеơ㲻ȥӡ
Ŀת̨֮ϡ
ͷϢ̣Ӹ¶סȥ·ٿؽͷץ£צƿ̶ЮŹˣҪɡ
ӤӤӰŵĻԽ䣬ܸоӰҪܲסѹˡ
ոհ̽׼
ʱˡ
ֵȴ۾ѭԷשǽĸоһӳԾ̽Ϊָķ
ԭҲ򵥣֮лӵħʱֿ˴ѹħĳⱾΪѹǿƸһ¥
ɲǶӦħļ򵥼Ӻ͡
֮ƣ˲ϯãһʱÿ̨ⲻѹȣǰŵĲٵΪƫ͵ѹÿڱѪ
Ȼ⽣ʵ̫죬㣬˵ʶҪʱѾ˫Ŀ
ڽ֮ϣѸٻĿʱѾƳһڣڣˮע
Ѹٽӡ˫ѪӿˮıӣȻѾܵ˷ɡ
ӤӤնһ֮Ȼߣֻ֮µ˫צǲ㱻һβɨ˳ȥ
ֱ̨ˣֻɨײ˽磬ֱ˻ݺˤ̨Ե
ԼѵĴ죬ڵķѪ޸ϵشӤӤһ̲Ѫ
ź£ϿΣӳѪƶϳƾԲᡣ
ʵԭĿľǻնһҲ̫ѿҲ֤ԼЩʵ
ûȥЩ˼
ҪӮ
뷨һ𣬱ĵ׳ţռȫʶ
͵ʱϰˡΪ࣬ô˵ԼУ
ոǱ˦ɳȥֱĸоʵ̫񱻽ŪƲˡ
ѾǱҪĻϻǱɡϲĸо
ӤӤºеѪӵڸӰעոһѾԶӰĳӰ˼Ѻۡ
ݵȻӰڳʱҲΪʹࡣ
飬ֻӰ齣˽֮޷ͨ⣬ܼ򵥸о˴˵
ίˣӰ
Ǽֲס䣬ȫȡ˾ҩѵ
ӤӤҲûʲôģҪ֪ҿ֮ǰֲᲢ۵ĳ̶ȣֻվ̫ҫЩҵҲûôС
Ҫ֪ɽĿǰǿģǳ߮ˣҲ۷塣
ոһѾ㹻֤ӤӤʵпսʸΪЩ㲻Ǳ۾ֱӱƬ
ӤӤȫȥĻֵزѾû·ˡ
ܽԲݾưҡֻѩʹþơ
νĲ׾ŶŲߵ鱨Ҫǹ罫Ŀ¶ţױǰơ
ϾӤӤĵλһ֧ǿΪѹѵľʵߡ
ӤӤЦ˱ΪӤӤʱӰһԣ£Լ
һ۰֮еĽȻոձ۶ϵĵطѾ²ϣ۾ôûָģѾһä
İ˫գѪ˳ջ£졣
ͰлͨϹ˽۾Ҳᷴɵϣʱʧ
񿴲İֻܲȡλ
λҪ˫Ŀ֮Ҫ
ӤӤվŪЩ΢죬ԴյУʱǽҵĿ꣬צ£ҪһצӲӣȫͷܱ顣
̨Ͼ󣬵ǶΪӤӤ϶Ƕ㲻ȥˣһ˲ӤӤƾʧˡ
ӤӤֵλǰ󣬾ֻ֮Զλá
֮ǰľêλ
ֻӤӤȻûǽٶҲڲʱλú󣬽ڰϢ棬ӤӤˡ
ӤӤӭǽ˶ϣ̨²ٵӱӤӤҪսʽסˣСѾ۾¶࿴һӤӤͱ­
ۼצҪԼץֵ֪̽󣬽Ķǰ֡СڽצŹ̵ˮҪץǰ鷢ʱӤӤƫƫ
紫һ˺ԵľʹצѾݺݲļ
ħĥѾĥˣӤӤԾʹĵֿһЩģҵľȻֻʣ硣
磬硭
צݺļιǣ˺߹Ǻͷ࣬˵Ϣʶһģ
һ磬ֻʣһ硣
Ȼǰ㣬൱ֱӽԼ彻ܸоԼһƬҶצ˺ѣҲʱץס˰ҵĽס
ľˮ籡Ѹռ˰ҵʶǽȻȥֻһˮƬɢ٣Ϊһ̲ˮ̨ϡ
ˮͬѪһɫҡ
һˣǱ·Ѫʱֻʱȫ඼ˣֻ˷֮࣬µҲûôˡ
ҷѪ׵޸Ĵ䶯ϣֻƺȷЩأѪҲ޿κΡ
Ѫιǵ˺ѴӿԼѪкůỬȪˮůģ˻ɡ
ոպͰҽӴɲǼ䣬ƺʲôԵĸоûô
ˣôˡ
Ǿ˯һˡ


58 
˯, ֮˯ˡ
ӤӤҹһһĿŴ۾޵ú, ֻܵͷҩ, ԼȥЩ
ӤӤӮ, ڿĶľ׬˲٣ԼѪ޹顣
ӤӤɵôҲ˵ʲô, ұ˶٣
ôӮô޵޵Ĺɵӣ
ӤӤ
һΰɫˮв֮УĲҩȼɻҡ

, ѩ׺ӤӤߡʱѾ֪˸ӤӤͬĵɢ, ȡ֮ͬ顣
ͻƸ类˱, һ˵á
Լͽ, һǵùһ
ȳ򣬻γһˣȥҩûаá
ӤӤ԰ϣǺȳѪĭȾ, ֮صزк졣
˿ڱ, ܸо䶯ţϡ
ź, ҶѩӤӤϢüͷ, ֮ǰ˵ôҲûʲô, ⳡֻΪϼѡʸ, ӮҪô
һ͵ڶȣʦѡĸأ
һȱסԼ
֪ˡ
ӤӤһ䣬
Ҳ֪Լçײˣվ޹ؽҪģҪӮõĲһˣôİҲʲô¡
ǲ䡣
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôЩҪǿʤ˼ǿʤ֮顣
ѩӤӤɫݲҰףҲ׷
зѪӳ֣صҪ׻ָҲҪٰʱ䣬ħ᲻ϳ谭Ļָ
ֻ˺˿ˣҲûôأצ͸ӤӤιʱԽˮˮн𡣵ǲ鿴ӤӤ״ʱ򣬺ȻӤӤǻŴŨĽסķζࡣ
ǼĸԴڡ
ȻѾ˴󲿷ֽɻһСǿƱضķɶˡ
ǶĿԶûǰ㾫Ҫ׸޷ֻжˡ
ʶܴɻԲѡһ˱ڤˮ֦
ڤˮ֦ǧδɱ¾İ׹ۣΪһĽĶڷ
ڤˮ֦ѡݣӲʾˣκĹǣڵϣҲвٱϢĽ˱
ӤӤ֮ȫˣ鰮֮һϲͨӤӤƫСĹӰ졣
ˣڤˮ֦չ黹Σգܲ
ѩ֪ڤˮ֦ӵӣԴϴĴӤӤȥѰڤˮֻ֦ڤˮ֦ѾԼСӡ
㣬ʲôʱܳأ
ӤӤѵʳ⣬Ƶÿ˵һ仰ҪϴϢһ̧ͷ
ѩƳһۺɫ񣬷ͻư˽Ҫ̵ʱ䣬˵죬˼ĶСЩʦʦ壬ͻư˽̵Ҳü¡
ԭҪôá
ʱŷ֣ȻŽǲɵȥ
Ⱳչô
ǲҪΪá
ӤӤлָ֣̿ץ߳Ѫɫ˳ذ׵ǵ㣬Ϣһʱ˵
ѩ콫ֱָϣӤӤ£Ϊʦ㡣
ʦ𡭡
ӤӤ˳ӹ¡ץסѩ֣ëҲоѩڻС
ѩкĲһѩΪ۱쳣ģĸ׵Ļ
ˣЩ꣬ܵĿ̫ˡѩ˲ˮɽǾ仰ӤӤҪǾ̫࣬㲻ޣҲûʲô
Ȼô˵ѩ֪ӤӤôҪȥ
ӤӤ׳Σӳһϼ򵥣ǽѹᣬնһʵ˵ܵ顣ҪΪĿ
ʵ̫ˡ
̵ͬʵЦòǿ
ѩУӤӤǿ˯˯̤ʵʱʱǺѣɫɷףԵôϵѪɫԽޡ
㡭ӤӤ΢΢۾ϸĿڣʦ𡣡
˯ţҲúϢ˵ѩ̾ʣұ˯ţش˯
ôˣʦҲôԼ¾ͺáӤӤͷѩ䣬۽ˮ䡣
ˣ
Ҹո룬Ҫͺˡ
ȷʵˣϣʱԣ⼸ɵϰߡ
ѩ̾˿Ƴһ۶ϵĺɫ
עӤӤƬ̣Ƭǰ֡
ӤӤǰĻУ˯ʱץץ½Ǻͷ΢ӤӤ䣬ӤӤܽߡ
˵ǲζӤӤǺΪ׽
ϴκ̶֮УӤӤ˵Ļƶϡ
Ȼ׽ΪʲôҪ־壿
ӤӤ֪ı壬ڱԭʱ򶼲֪ԼʵһֻˡȻϹεĵ
ζӳ£򣬴Ӵ˳ȥ

ڤˮ֦С
Сǳ֣Χһɫˣ˵ʲôһ̧ͷٿؿԶһӰ߷
ӫѣһ۱˳ӤӤֻ
ڤˮ֦Ϊʦ֮ڤˮ֦ûʽڸʲôֻ˵ûʲôҪ԰Сһ˵
ѾˣҪʲô
ӫջĿ⣬СеĻ
ͣڤˮ֦ǰóţֻһ
˽ȥʱڤˮ֦ڵŪǰĲҩҲû̧ͷ֪һɽڤˮ֦ĵؽ磬㱻Ӧˡ
ڤˮ֦϶£˳򣬵ڤˮ֦޼֦
Ȼڤˮ֦ȷʵ֪Ҳ֪߰˰ˡ
ôҲôûбı£ҲˡֻЩ𾪣Ƕľѩûиĵӹ֮¡
ʵ˵췣췣ĽǾԵġСժ˲ǣʶԵý档
ӤӤϵĻҲܼӤӤڵ״ʩάӤӤǻԳή֮ơ
Ǳˮˡ
ڤˮ֦һƬҶӣͬϵҩҶһš֭ˮתʣĲС¯￾š
һкŵչҩѾ׼ˣһʱóա
һ£ǰô֪ӤӤ飿
֪Ϊĵһҽֻ˵ôڤˮ֦ĿС¯ŲΪչֱ˵ա
ڤˮ֦ȻԼϲգϲ˺ͨʱתĨǡϾĶΪѰҽ
ҽ޵ľǲ򲡻лֱ˵ҽ߲£֢߰ô࣬Ҳǰձ׼ҽĲֻǿžͼ׻Ʋ֢һ¸ķҡ
ǰʱָεķȻڤˮ֦ô˵ֱ˳
ʣʱܳ׻ָΪʲô
ؿڤˮ֦ӤӤ顣
ĺϸԴǱ΢ƫģվתֿ
ڤˮ֦Ϊݣ
վǳնֻʣչͬ껹ν鰮
סˡ
˵ͬ꣬ȷ밮ӤӤ뱧밲ϣƽٲ
ֻǵӤӤһʱ򣬾Ϊоʲôסһֶֿ£ʲôͷ˷ֿ
˵鰮ӤӤʮ壬Ҳ̫Сˣƺἰν鰮
šͬɡţ鰮֮£ӤӤСдģݡ
һʱ俨ס
ڵĳϣոҪ˵ȴû˵ޡ


59 
ͬ鰮ͻ˳̵ɾͬšʦʦʦʦЩ͹ϵ׽, ܹˣͬжؾ, ״, ˴˶˽ⱾͱҪǳ¡
ڤˮ֦һϯඥ, ̬Խࡣ
ڤˮǰڵ磿
ж︣С, Ҳû˵ڤˮ֦һľ޼֦, ޱߵԸ㽲ʦ飬ʦ𵱳֮, Ҳͬš
Ȼоڱ˽Լʦ𲻺, ڻǲ, ȫ¶ĺ档
Ҫǲ˵ЩֻһҲ˵Ҳὲ̫࣬޼軨ҲͲˡ
Ȼڤˮ֦˵ѩ֮ʱѾڵĸϲ˸߰˰, չûŵҲ, ֪ѩλ֮ʱ򣬻Ǵһ
ѩ, ǱˣӤӤĸ̡
Ӧú𾪡ʱ, ˶ܿóľѩλüȥ, 첻ҷҽ㷿, ޲øӰһ𡣡
ȻˣΪΡ
Ӧ֪췣òݣԱһڶࡣڤˮ֦ǻ΢΢𣬡ȻǶᱻͷǱܵ췣ʦҲС
ͫһ𣺡ʲô
ȱռѾˣռȫˡڤˮ֦ЦţҪͶľѩֻܽ¶ľѩ˼ˡ
Ϊˣ
ͱԭһ쵽ܾ롣ҲãҲãҪȳ٣λھŽ֮󣬶ɹ٣Ϊͻʹӭӣλܾˡ
̲סʣܾ֮ͽ췣˵Ϊٵƴǣ⡭
Ѳá
δҲ̫Եˡ
ڤˮ֦ݸÿ˵ĻľǷȥǾ֮ңɣ˼̻𹩷мˣٽǧûУȺҲټǧˡ
˶٣ֵǼǧͷ̫̫ˣһôСۣһػá
Ȼ֪Լǲ̫࣬κԸоڤˮ֦оӣʡ
Ȼڤˮ֦Ը⽲Ҳ˳ȥǰôܾģ
ڤˮ֦ʣ˻պú⣬ϾȻ˽ЩκκܶһܾͶ̾ϢΪܾˣܾ硣
һϼһ˵룬ɽȸƵģ֪ǽ糯֪Ϊͷ̫̫ϼҲ

ɣʵӣҲѹֻᱻǺϡ
һʣʦأ
ڤˮ֦գգ۾˸ӣ²£
ȻദӺ̣֮ܶǸŮԶǳЦŵģᵽ˼£ʵ޷˵ִּӵĻ
ȫ²
²ڤˮ֦̾ȷ𰸣ˣ˵Լ޲޵£ӴΣе֮ˡ
⻰ȥ
ҲȷʵŮ˵ģֲʧܡ
Ⱥ϶ͻΪСݲ𡯡Ҳ֪Լ޵ܣ֪֮ڤˮ֦ҡҡͷ߸ϾΪԼˣԱúܡǹͱҽ򶼴򲻹Ҫ˵ֻҪ۾Ϲ˭Ҳ
Թһѣڤˮ֦ٿػعֲһ䣺
˵ô࣬˵ЩӦòӰҪľİɣ

ڤˮ֦л֦޼ãոմӦľѩʱ飬ȴŻصԼϣֻԣ˴š
ӤӤ״ܸӦ괫ķֹۣҲܴķΧ
󲻼þȥ޵һ
ո˵Ҫʱиӡڤˮ֦ȡһöҩöҩͬһ㵤ҩԺغΪ͸ģһöСɵˮ
ͺô
ڤˮ֦һͷ
ûлɣöҩȥ
ζһˮ¶У䡣
ڤˮ֦ŪеҶӣͲʲôǶأ
Цˣǰɱαö
⻰ǡ˽ÿÿǹ䣬ڱϵĶˣҲк͹ǡ
ڤˮ֦ƴЦ
Ƭ̺κö˶ԣֻϲûǴһխʽ۷ںȹܵһƣƾ㾫ɾס
Щڤˮ֦ôģȥΪԽƺǿ̽ˡ
ԣڤˮ֦ڡ
һֱάΣҪǵ棬һֻάһʱΡ·ҲƵģʱ֣رʱԶأصȥ··ʡʱʡǱһ΢Щʧڤˮ֦Цˣ޷һʱҲܶˡ
һʱʲôأ
˼£ڤˮ֦һʼǶǰ
ʼֽŶǼµİףīδɣӦǸдġ
˼ҳ涼ǹڲջоӦôķʽ޾ϸһһг
ǹڡͷۡһ˰ܵĲᵽص­ѪʶҽСдӦԷ
ʼǵݺӤӤĿǰ״ԡ
ļסˣʱʱӦԣȰǿ١
ڤˮ֦ǵǹʱδԷʱǻǸСǶľѩ죬⼸϶һɣǧǰһɢµĵӣʱûԼʶҲû˴
ʦү޵ӣҽ׮׮մ㣬ȴͨҲֻǽµţټľͿԼȥ
ʱȥɽˮչһʦͽԵ֣㽫ҽڸǣǰʦǶҽѧÿĿİָը¯Ƥӵ°䷽һģĶȴԤ֮ر𡣱˵βˣǽ߻
ڤˮ֦֮ģ˷ţ˳ϱģĵҩһڶ
ЩҸĺ̳ҽģƫƫԵ޷֡
ǰʱյӫմ̫ɱҵɱ˿ԣȥֻ²׵
գڤˮ֦Ŀϣа̾Ҫѩͺˡ

Էϰϰ˿ƺֻǼϦ䣬Ȼ԰ӣ䣬˿΢΢Ź⣬ϲ
Էڵ֮΢أеҩ¯㣬ҽڵ¯ԣĥۣŵ¯Ļ
ӤӤôˣ֪մӤӤǱ߻ŵʡ
ӤӤ׶룬뵽ӤӤ񻯲ΣӦȥܡ
ӡ̾˵̫Ļҹȥʱһˣô
ͷһôشģ
ֵ˵Ķͷ˵㰡ʲôأϣôش˵޹۾׵Ƶģ
㣡
ȻҲô˵ԼþȵӣɵЦЦ˵Щ㣬˵һþ͹㡣֮˼ģûޡ㿴ҪĻ˽ˡ
룬Ҫ֮ǰûǰ˵Ǿ䡮Ұȫҵѹϡ仰ǲǾͲˣ
㿴ǲֿˣһǰڻõͷֲ̾ǵһʶˣô˵ӮννʵأĴǲҪҲҪõһ
һҲ̫ˡ
ͬ۵㣬׼ȷһ䣺˵һǧ˰١
Ͼڰһҩأ˿ûתѵԤס
Ҫ֪ӤӤʶʱӤӤȫƾ־ԼѣĿơ
һӣͷ
ƫƫʶĵطΪܣһ˲ȥ̽飬׶תΣֻܵҵ޸
һԣӤӤڵʧ˿ء
һ˭Ҳûֵá
ӤӤǱܵҪţѩһ֮æɴཫ˵ĳᵽԷС
ʱѩ飬ͻȻ֪
æ׽ӤӤ䣬տӤӤʱӤӤ״̬ãֻڡ
ϸŮڴϣ´ƬѪɢȾһ˶޺컨ϡ˳Ŵ£һ֦˪˲л
ӤӤ
ѩ²̣ץץֻȥ԰׵֡
ӤӤǿ̧۽ޣɸո̧ٶȱϡ
԰׵Ĵ⶯ţʼҲûзһ
ӤӤüϵ׺һѾ𣬻һױӳŲҵӣԤӤӤѾߵ˾ͷȫڤˮ֦µ
״յѩߣҪȥйô
һ档
֮ǰ˵ӤӤһʱͺˣˣҲȥˡ
ѩ۾ҪĬʱֻԷ⴫һŲ
ʦ𡣡
Ůһɫխ佻۷һˮƷţȴĪм졣
ˣѩվڤˮô˵
ѩ˷䣬һ״С룬󣬽Ѫų
ѪʽɫɢŵĻ㣬Щڤˮ֦Ϣ
ڤˮ֦ԼǸ㣬ƺӲǽԼȾùﶼԼʱڤˮ֦ۡ
ڿڤˮ֦ѾԼڣħצͽܡ
ѩջ˾䣺ڤˮ֦㵱ҩ
˵ͷ
ѩ˼£죬¶һźۣСϣԼԼܼһӽһ߳˰̡
ΪʦҲҩΪʦΪʦ꣬ƵȴͿ
ûѩĹȥڤˮ֦Ѿùˡѩʱʵ㹻ơ
ѪСض˽ȥ
Ҫȥѩסˡ
Сõദһʱ䣬ϼһﻹǲҪˡ
׶˶٣Ҫ»عԭܿ챻ѩסˡ
ôôϲβô
׻شĺܳʵΣͷվţ⼸һζҪˣϽë
˵ţվֻվѩǰһΪëӡ

֮Уˮ΢
ӤӤоԼһƬˮ֮ƯƯһ˿⡣̹ǵˮûǻѹǻĿоԼʱпϢ
ƯãʶҪɢʱоʲôˮ˳ʲô
ʲôʲȥȥĶ˳м˳ĺȥ븹Уȹ̡
ϢбȸոոҪأԭֻǸоǻģǱǧʯѹµǼҺ壬ȴ̾ǻľʯ΢ɶŲƣһʯĥǰѹ
ϱӱĥʹ󲻹ҲˡһʱʶƮƺֻصĵ֮С
͸ľʹϢЮȴסҲвҲû
ĥ֮Žժ˶Ķڲϯϣҩ
ӤӤţκסĲӣһ©ҩ˳Ŀǻĸڣɲ
֮Ϊ˷ֹԾĸ첲ȶһµʸûС
ǣֻΪ˷ɱô
仰ᣬֻ˫΢ϣЩ΢紭
ѡ
Ŀ΢˰˲ӤӤǵѪ
ٿأָһȣ˲䱻ȵѪȾ졣
Ůĺһ˲䶸Ȼ٣һļϪ޴ʯסʼļֻмΣԽԽɲ顣
ǱѪסˮ˫ȷʵɿ顣ǵڤˮ֦Ǳʼᵽ
ӤӤԼ²ҪƳ߶һֱӰ״߽ѡ
ӤӤŹĺ󱳣ҪѪ³ɴʱӤӤû
ڤˮ֦ȷʵ޾ϸܵ
ӤӤڴϣӤӤԼһ˹ӤӤ󱳣һߺסӤӤĴ˫£ŶӤӤǻ֮еѪ
ӤӤüĵһȸոոˣᣬķ֮ȴǱԤס
ΪȱʱӤӤĴʶʱɶԴ˱ֳܷӦ
ʱҧԼͷ
ʼеļ¼ԼֽӤӤݼ䣬ƵӤӤͷһŲ
ӤӤţݺ£ѹ⡣
ȻӤӤûʲôվʹеĵط
۵һһʱһŶɶ֮⣬æ˹һС
һ˲
ӤӤ͵ǰ㣬ŻһںѪѪѾ飬ŵĽˮЩĥĲĸԴ
ŮĺƽȣüһŹٶȰȥ
ѾΣա
ӤӤ£˲ԼϵѪϵѪĪЩʧ
ΪɱӤӤǸ˶ӡ
ӦʲôܳתӤӤĿأӤӤ֮Ĺϵڴ˼䣬Ӧġ
ٿأ˵ϣѸţһëȫ˺Ȼ˷ˡ


60 
һʱˡ
Ҫ, ȴ֮ϴЩ΢ӤӤϸָߵŴ壬ȻѾѲĵ, 
, ô
ԥ, ȳӤӤֱߡ
µλüΪ, ֻҪӤӤ̧̧֣ܸëλҲܸӤӤ֡
ո˽ô
ӤӤµë֮, ͷ»Ȼظëָġ
, ٵشϢ, ƣ뻹̧ͷ, ԼߵŬؽͷ£ŵǡ
йҩζǸոմǱ߻ôӤӤͷϣƸպܿŶµ۾
۾źһ, , ӨƯ
ͷƺ˵Ļ, 굽, ͷؿڡ
Ķ, ֪һ, еСçײСԴڸĦ
Ỻʧһؿڵƶ¸ɢЩӤӤЩˣ˱۾̾Ϣһ
ոμʦˡ
̧ͷڵġ
ӤӤԴˣˡ
⼸ʹһһ𵱳ĥһתʧصͷ
ô
̧ܿͷ۾֮д˺档ҪĶ¶棬Ѿˡ
һ¶СèССӤӤδ⹴˹ǡ
ʵҲûʲôֻǸոμϱӵ¡ϱ
ȻӤӤ֪ܲɾһЩܻö¸оµĲѪȾͷƵᣬˣǿ˶µ˫۾Һ塣
ôˣ
ӤӤǷȥµˮһЩ̲סַͷϿһ
ѩ˹ʱӤӤüĵһһױȥּѾص˱⣬򵥴һӤӤϵѪ¸Ǻãڴͷһ֧㡣
ʲô
ԺﴺⰻȻʯ·޵̲ݣһһʦͽԶ
֪ѩĴۣʱָεĵҩܵķɣǲɵĶḶԵĴۡ
۾ǵӵ˽ʱܳ׻Ρش𣬡һֻάһʱ
ΪʦǵǲϲӤӤġѩ̾ΪԼ顣
£Ϊ˼в־ӤӤܷʦеλΣУԭǲӦõġ
ӡ뻤ݡ
ѵ˵
Ȼѣȴᶨúܣ뵽ֲ֣һ䣺ʦţӿɡԼ֤
Լеһ֣֮صϵģΥԼɢһΪΪͨˣɢó
ѩ˰ĳΪʦ㣬Ϊʦ㽫أ

Ϊʦ㣬ҲûʲôҪ֪ħô
֪
ѩֶһϮڷеغͤͤʢţħ֮֮ǰһֱǷˡô
ͷ
ӤӤϱʱϱӵͬԵħ֮ħˡ
֮ǰһֱǷˡġ֮ǰǧ֮ǰͬΧ֮䣬ǷҲǧ֮ǰħҽ֮е
ͬħһѾǧ˿ϵ
ȻʼתƺӤӤǸ翿£
һܣӡӴֻڵˣΪʲôħ֮
ħɵĴĹѹħȴһݣƶϤͷţħ̱ŰԽܡ
ƽ͵ħıҲʹħԸӲ̣Ƣӱꡣ˺ߵˣħȷʵûж֮ĸˡ
Ϊʦ֪㲻롣䣬ҵĶ壬벻Լһܾ˵ġνѡ񣬹ȻԼܾЩѡ֮жȲѡʲô֮󶼶źúùõ¡
ѩ̾һ
΢ڤˮ֦£վǰ಻סԼĺ棺ʦ𵱳ҲȲѵô
̫ˣϵǣġѩ𻺻˭أʦϢأ|ۣӱ⼸ʦ壿̣ٻߣڤˮ֦
֪ѩʣζ㷢ʹȥ顣
ڤˮ֦ʦ𵱳Ϊʲô˵ɱʦ
֮ǰǶ˵Ųɣ뷨Ѿҡ̮ˡѩ𣬵ѩĻش
ڤˮ֦δἰֻ࣬ڤˮ֦ѩʱɫܷɣҲһȹһκʱ⡣
Ϊɱ̵֪ڤˮɱ̡ἰ£ѩ׻ӿЩʼƵᣬΪʦڤˮҲֻ˳ˮۡ
Ǻʦġ
ˡ
Ƭ̾Ĭ
Сʣʦ֪˭ô
˺õŮӣû˵ĶӤӤҲ
ѩüëһ֪
˵ͷ
ΪӽΪܵǰ㾳磬Ϊʦ𡣡
˿ɲô׼ġѩ̾һŽ֮ɣŽ֮ΪʦڵһС
Žס̧ѩ𣬡ʦΪβͻأ
ǵڤˮ֦ʱڤˮ֦ʦıԹһǹѩѹԼΪͻƵ¡
ʢǿݣ˲ҵϣҲЩˣͻƿûôסѩ𵭵㲻һͻƶ˵
ѩ˲俨סˡ
ǰΪͻƶرĴͽܣѩʵûͻƶ˵練ơ⻰˵ڡ
ȻͻƶԷȷʵףֻԭ͵ķǰ˵ʵмֹ졣
ǵͻʱ񡣡
ڤˮȷʵȣ㡣
ѩ֪ͻʱ򿴼ʲô¾Ͳô˵˰ɡ
ʱħﱻӤӤһһ䡰Ը졣
ɵֻ֪ӤӤСʱıӣ˵Ĺ£ԸλʵֻС׺
棬ƽһħȴʵ϶Խ
צյ¸ëУ˺ԼëǿԼ侲
ѩû˵İʾҲܲ³һ
ɱӤӤĸ̵ģڵֽţǿܱڸߵĴڡ
ߵ˼ֻɼ
ǣ֮ǰܾνɡ
֮һЩļŻ糤Ҫѩ˿̫ķԼʱ࣬ﶢӤӤҪӤӤʲô֪ͨ
ص䣬ѬЩ˯ӤӤǰůӣȴоԼĳܿ챻һֻϸ׽סˡ
ոȥʲôˣӤӤ΢΢ЦëһƬһƬƽ˳Ҫȥץӳˣҿɲϴ
һ⻰Щըˣ
˭Գӣ嵽ҲǷˣôܳԳӣ
÷˲Ųί
ȳƺ͵͡ߡһ
ķӦӤӤ棬˳ļ»ЩըëĳβһûµģܳȥԳӣҲֻ񡣻׽ӵɰԲԣ
ô׽Ӱ
ͷϴ۴Уͬһˮ˲佫ոҪըëƢͷͷ紵Ī÷ŷӦӤӤ
ӤӤʱҲûж೤ֻӤӤǱոһŪˣᴭһ֧˲ë
ײ̫ʱ䣬ЩۡӤӤ΢΢¶Ц⣬Ѱݣƣڣһ⼸û˯á
˳ô˯أ
óϲԼֻϲֻźɫë

ӤӤ֪
ӤӤ֪Ļޱغ˵ô
ӤӤӽУֻһ΢еСްɡ
ѩոն˵úùõ¡仰зšͷӤӤģӤӤָ
ӤӤָ𣬷๡
оԼ๱ʲôһ£һ̧֣ۿȥӤӤĴһ΢΢ݻûָԭòԼԼ๵״


61 
˾ҩҩ֮а̾, ˵ʵ̫࣬һԵҩ
ֵǸңô˵Ҳ|۳ϵ״, ѩҵӤӤʶ֮, Ҳûѡ
ѧڤˮ֦ҽ㹻ҩ֮, ֻʶĵطһϲͨ
ֲȥѩ֣һѩδضҽ, ֪ԼʦĻԣҰӤӤ˵ðпֱӲӾܾ
ѩʡ
ڤˮ֦أ
ڤˮֻ֦ѩ̰ɣڤˮ֦֮ǰѩ̵Ĺϵ˵
׿λ, ̽ģȫѩ֮⣬ҲʣһӤӤˡ
Ҳû뵽ӤӤôҪ, , ӤӤȫǷķ, ðҿƵˮ˺Լ壬ô˻ýҵĻᡣ
ӤӤ̨ʱֱ۶ᶯˣԼһӤӤ
̾ʱһҩõس˽˾ҩϣʦӤӤʦˣ

˾ҩϴҴææӭ˳, ӤӤ˺һ, ȷӤӤûˣֻ΢԰Щ, ŷ
ӤӤĻ˾ҩϵᵽɤ
˾ҩϣʦ
²Ѱİɣ
˾ҩæĳȰοӤӤ, ֮϶ƴȫ, ղסҲùˡ
֪, ҲûзϡӤӤӵ׻п˿վȣΪ˰ʦ£ڱûƺþŰʦڻԣ

һʱ˾ҩС֮ĶȾ֮ĲС
Ȼĵ׺޲ھͰ̧ΰӤӤõѼӷˡǰǶ˶˼ӣװ˼ǵһŷǽ
ӤӤڰҵĴ£ͷžһ°ҵ֡
һ⡣
ϣˡ
̨ٽǰļ䲢ûг⡣ϺˣļҲǱĨ˵ĨøɸɾӫҪɾöࡣ
ɫطſ˰ҵ֣ͷžҵʶľȥ޲Լʶ𡣵ӤӤֻ˰ҵʶ뿪콫ԼһСžϢڰʶһΪεĵط
ƾû˺ͱĨ㣬֤ʵұǹˣֻҼ䱻ɾùڳףӤӤЩ㲻ΪʲôǹѰɹˡ
ô
ͷһ
гŮµħԭƻҪڵģǳΪСߵӫħˣûλҽֽһꡣ
ֻڼ䱻Ĩǰ£ҲʲôˣаʱݾΪá
ո˰ʦ֡ҩóӤӤʡ
ӤӤԥƬ̣ħĲ²
ðɹǱڵģ
ӤӤ˵ͷ
׼ʦô
ӤӤë˲֪ô֮ζҲζţΪԼˡһ¶֪Сӡض˵
׼
⼸ӤӤϱӵ飬֪ܽС֪ӤӤֻһ䣺Сġ
һġ
ĻôԴ˱ʾɡ
ӤӤı˵ǲġ˵һε˻ϧ仰ӤӤϲӤӤƺҪˡ
ȥɡѹѹ˫ִӤӤͷ˵һûô˯ȥ˯һˡ
һ˲ӤӤֻԼһ˱ӻء
ô֪ģӤӤоĿ˷ڵķͶ΢ЩڣҲûжȥ
ˣеĸоһֱǸӵġԹײ⣬ʱԽԽҲܳ׽һνˡ
˰ۣ㹻á
һסôãʲôһ֪ܲôڲУҩԷߡ
һ·ͷ紵ůϣӹҲ˲١źɫ·õ·ɴֱװӳһ
õĵӸоԼĳӵĿɨͬů׹϶
ģԴϴǿǿ֮Ĵѩõö챻ѹ֨ѽ֨ѽ졣öҪ֮ǰȫõһﶥɨѩ
ֵǣѩֻ£ĵطһů㴺
óô£óֻЦһõҲû˵
㣬һ¡
·һ̶ԣӤӤժ¼ɫ̶֮ϡ
ò˵ȷʵܴ
ȥ궬ʱ÷÷˽ӳģɫ֮͸Źޣذ׵̶С磬ŷǷʳ˼̻һ㡣
Ƥһ˾ʲôȷĸо
ţ΢һͷǸĽǶȣӨͬذ׵Сӳټ׵ǳЦ⣬ԭٶ˲١
ϲԺ󻹸
ӤӤȻǲܷŹһõøеĻᣬΪ棬ҵҵ˳Сʦ
ֻԼͷ࣬ȫˣƺһϿȥ
ס
áȻô˵Ҫÿ궼
ӤӤУ˵ͷ
ǰϸ΢⣬ͷϵ̶ʩһ⼸̶
һʱ޺ܿҪˣҵ飬ӤӤͻԷ֮ҸƧطɻΣʱӤӤץס°ڡ
´ʲôʱܻ
ܸоڵңȻûͻǰģмֶݡ
ҪʲôʱҹҴǡȡһֻɫ񣬷ӤӤУֻδǵ̸רġ
ʮĶµһһֱıţܸоһõϡ
ȵˣһոպá
óЩɵСҲֻֻһֻһֻѩ
񼤻֮ԶܶԷʲôܰѼŷ׼ȷ͵
̽ʱ򣬶ֻһ޷ģֻж˵ΪҪ˲ܺͬ
ùһöߣԼָϴһ£һѪϣץӤӤ֣編ƵѪȥ
Բ۾ųͷϷС
Ǵãʶһˡ˵Ϣ׽ӤӤϡ
ֻһֻѩ׵βɽȸԲɰһҡһֱߣʱ򻹻ҽм˿ǻ֮
һģдš
ӤӤ˴ӣѩëӵĳ
֮ǰһ£ô
ӤӤë峿ںҶϵ¶飬γִ


62 
ٱӵ, ӤӤЩԼռ˶͵ڡߴĺҲͼӰġ
ջص仹û£ֹסؿԣȫվסˤ˵, ѪǺ, ſڱĵ, һǰһʶ֮ɢ
ʱ, ԼѾ˴ϣԱ߲û˭š
֮ǰϵѪѾɾֻԼһʱЩԡ
Լŵıӱʲô, ¶˳ٿڶֻۣǼ򵥵Ļ, Ǳ˺ѵ, ҵһ, һѩ
ֻҪ΢һ£޾ǺԲֹ
ӤӤĿһŵĺɫëϣһָ˴
ӵ˵ȣɽͷԼë档

ѹ΢һϷɹ꺮ů, ֱӴ, װ˯
ոյצϻż
ײԶ
װ˯ǰɣ
װ˯ӤӤɴҲװӤӤ|һ, װʹ͵ӰؿڿһȵôٶȾѪɫ, һɡ
Ȼ, Ǻƭ
Ȼ, о¶һ£ȶ۾˿
ⲻãһӤӤЩñȥ
һһصŸֲҩ߹ţڵˮ浹ˮ𣬼߹ޡ
Ĳ˵ⰾҩ̻ģġ
ӤӤɵ÷˼һԼ⡣
˵ˣģ˵ĶΪʲôѧĵһǸҩ
ѾѶ±Ƴӣʵ
ŶųӤӤ²̣ոձ˺ӵԹҲ֮ɢ
˴µĳ򣬶͵ʧȥƽ⣬Щһͷҩ棬ӤӤæĳץ˻
ͺá
ӤӤ˰߹ԣ˲ſϱ۾Ъһֿ򱻳ÿԭ״ıӡ̾һ
òеСȻûصƺ
ûϵûϵⷿҪС
ƽеǸ仹ţҲд̣ȥ˯ˡ
ֻס죬µġ
뵽ν˯⣬ӤӤãȹҩҲûϢߵԺɹ̫
﷦Ĵ϶ߣһļûв˯ĺʱڡ
ůչϣоԼͷɹˡ
ֻǰʲôζʱʱӤӤ۾¾Աߣųƺż
ӤӤָָΡ
µ˵ͷ
ɣһ˯
ӤӤα߲˲ݣխСϼһֻҲ´ࡣ
ߣöӤӤһߵβʹϣȥһɫԻ͵ıӡ
ŶµβЦһβôҪҪԺҵıӣԺβ;ͺˣԺҪϴӡ
ƺڳͷ裬Ǵβɨһģӿ˼
··Լ˴æβͶУһ׸ӡ
һɹ̫һ߻ë׿ߣҲ
ո˯⣬Աʯص̧̧ͷֻǽϡ
˯ˣµ˯Ǳţֱչϰβϣֻϡ
ӤӤѲֻֻܱ¶Դӣôˡ
ôˡӤӤ⣬ӤӤ̫ӤӤָסҪ뷨ʦ˵ȥҩÿʦ㣿
ϢõҲ졣
ӤӤ˵ͷ
ôأ㻹ȥüͷһšڱԻһģʵڡ
䶷ϣ˶ǳ̬ӤӤЦЦûжֵ쳣ڲѾûô
û£һȦ˵ɡʾţֻӤӤ״̬Զ֮ǰãҲģҪɽʲô˵Һø
ǰЩУֲǲ֪ңҲ
Цһ㻹Ĵβ͵͵Ѹ͵ĲҰô
˵ô
һ£Ҳǡ
ߺ󣬿˯ûëչĶ¡ӤӤɵĻɣ
⵽ֻʲôô˯֮ǰôҰģ

⼸죬ӤӤʲôطҲûȥ춼ڲţ淭Ҷŵ˿
ֵĲӾ治Զš
̫ӤӤڲˣǰ֮ȣɲֵܽȥɨѩ
ڸоѾӽʱĻ̿Ŀ֮ӤӤоԼʵڶԲֵĵùʦ֣תԼˣÿÿ뿪ھһԣŪøϴûʱѪ߰ߣ˷á
ˣǰЩȥɡ
ο޹ĵ
ԲʦҪʱֻòʦԭ˫Ŀ˲侼⣬˵ԼдָʦкԼʦֵܣӤӤҪıһ԰ᵽԷ
ӤӤ
һʯΪЩʦֵĳͣûнŵĿⶢţоȫĶ˲١
֮ԻǲźͶ죬Ϊ̽ҵĹ൱ʮͣһֱڣӦûʱ̷ǵͷͷ¡
ӫСߵĻĸأСɣ
ӤӤͷ
ǸУ̷Ůӿ˵ҪϼһСС塱˶Ƕϼ˲ֻ׵Ϊ
߽׵Ĳ߻мһѰھٰŴϣڵϧһ߽жεĵӣʱ߽׳ΣҲں֮С
ӤӤҲ֪ЩҪʲôֻܲΪ˲кһЩհɣһ֮ϵˣк޸֮ƽδ̫Ҫˡ
кһһɱ̫Ƹ
ҵļ䱻ĨӫҲĨ˴룬ȥǸ֯ıԺǿҲܽ
ӤӤֽд˶졢Һӫ֡
ֶ˸ӣʲôĨģΪĨ׽˱ɵӣҲڲ˿֮Уõԭȫò
ֻΪ̣һľˡ
ͻƵ㣺Һӫ
˽⣬ǰ޸ʶѣ˵|۳ϺܸмŰҹÿζѩ˰·
ҲѡϼĲѡʱʱȻˣҿԷŷš
ӫ붯
һӫĹȥʵǲңֻҪԼȥ䶼ʧأοĨļ䣬ҪǴ̼ӫֱܲӻɢ˵
ӫѾ鵽ڤˮ֦ɱģϴԵı׼֮ܵ˶ԼҲڤˮ֦ĸۡҪӫԼһӫ·ɱĴ
ˣǰҰɡ
ӤӤʣһҵ֣滭һȦ
ʱֻڴһľ죬ӤӤŵЩѱˤڵϡһֻԷǰſõǽһ룬ŨỤ̃ңңԡ


63 
ըˣ
ӤӤűŵ, ʡ
һ֡õþͺԣϾоʱлҷĵ¯ûһǧҲа˰ٸ, һ²ըĵ¯øдֵıԱ佱
Ȼ, ǲܰ佱ġ
ֲСĹϵ, ҩ޻ƽ͵ľº, ȴҪϲٵĻը¯˭ը¯
ϱڲԫ֮У̾˿
ҵĵ¯, ûһҡ
ˣٶĬȻ
Ѿʮ߼ˡӤӤѵѣô¯ĵô
ܡаɡ
ݵĲ֮, ӤӤٶȻȥʷ, ֵȥ걨ǽˡ
ʵֶǽӵ»ͦ, Ƶҩϰнĸƻһһģƻ, ޾, ҲרŵĵӸһ̯ƺ¡
ӤӤոдǼֵֽȥˣ
紵ô
ӤӤûй, ҳ
»ɵ棬ϲŻȫ׺Ͷֻǵ, ӤӤҲȥˡ
ϵȶ», ŸעһЩС֪ôоڵҵú, ҪѺô΢۵˳һЩ
ôӤӤЩ˿
ٶʮ꣬Ʒ屻ԧʧ
ٶʮ꣬ɽȴʧϹʮپ
ʮ꣬ųɽ٣״ħ֣ħź£ɣΪŮӰȣħľǧųɽʧΪħˣδʮ꡿
⼸˱ϣǵ
ԧƱΪۼĴڻƷʾŽ֮۸ڶͱߣ˵ĿȻȷ
ڷɽȴ֮ʧķʹ߮߮ǽЩԦʬаǳ
֮ΪԣŮħˣ۶켫ΪǺϡ
·˺þãҲûܴϱߵ飬ֱ˰پʮʱѰһλϵ˫ʧٵ飬΢ע⡣
˫һãǵ壬׿ֻⳤϷԣڼ檳ȺȾһ˫ĸ׵ķУʱĸͬ˫һʧˣļæȥңɽѰڷ˸׳Ҳûĸˡ֮Ѱһõˮ׷˼βйǣԱɢβƬĸ׵ġ
ĸˣ˫ȴ˼˰ٲ١˼Ļǳ£֮һѰڣ㲻ó̬ҪʲôˣܰƤ޴ɲء
Ȼڼ䣬ʲôĨȥ˵١
ѰڳϲѰڵϵ˰ɫȾ֮⣬˻ϺˣҲû˭ӦòΪѰ𱨸ĿĴʾһ˫ӡ
뵽ӫĹȥǸǡڼֵˣӤӤδм΢
СӣҪһԼķ֣ŷɡ
ʱбߵĻҺ죬һſֵķɻСɵϦ֮Сһڵ㣬ٿʱȻʧ
ڴפƬ̣ߵԺ֮У紵ͣ˼ʱֻнŲһͷ
Ҳഩ·
ܶ죬͵㣬ӤӤỽһ㣿
ȵβ죬̾һ˲ӤӤ۽Եˮ
ЩúϢˣܡŶ˶˳ļӣԼҪȥӤӤ
ӤӤѾǣǷѾҷͣȻ粻ЩദʱҲҪִ硣˲
ȴӤӤȫѹϣһ£վȡ
ոûʱվͦȵôôһվˣ
ȻţǷӤӤļ򣬽Լ££
ȻġһԼС˼
һ˵ĸоǸΣգȴ뿿صĿУ·ѪҺ֮ӿů
ֻ˵ȷʵ
ʱըٵԺǽ޵òˣӤӤĿߣվصϡ
ϲɫ·⼸컻ɫľװʵڲ⣬ܻܲɣ
ϿͷϻǴżǰժµİɫ̶ɫ̶ΧһȦӦʩά
ڿʲô
üˣ㾹Ȼ⼸仨ҲӤӤҪȥժס
ͦõģûӤӤȥ¸¾ҪʼΪϼ׼ĵһˡĵһץʱ
ʦûμӣӤӤ̾Ϣһһ֮
СʱϱΪߵʦʦֱֱҲûΪ̫ġʱİңվ˶˽ϡǰעħûзѪ޸Խҡ̫ӮĻˡ
ʲô֮ǰûƹʦ㳬һʱ䡣һԷƱ
ʦҿƵġ
ӫأ֮ǰƹӫܲӫҲĸԸưɣ
ʾʧܣӤӤͷԽˣҺӫ֮һǻͰʦ㽻֣Ұ˺þá
΢鴤һ£֪ӤӤ֪Լͻʧܵ飬ԻΪӤӤںͻʧ÷ѪЧۿۡ
Ȼ֪ʹ̣´α㲻Ҫçײ
ӤӤ̫û࣬˶Ū˼΢΢˿
㣬Ҫ´λأ
Ҫ´λңҾ͡
ҹڷֽŶסҶ
ӤӤЦἰϱܵĥһⱲɶħЩ᲻оëȻ
ҪŵҲ̫
ȻסϵЩֱӳױ
ӤӤϱӣԼôֻụ̋ϣƼѪอ
Ҫ
ӤӤͷ§˻Уͷ¶ӤӤĸоδ˿ʵһ֣ӤӤǰʧǸӤӤǰ֮С
ϱֶǲмѭҲӤӤڴʱ档
ӤӤʦ㣬ѩ̿ųˣʲôħ
Ůϸϸͷһ֮˲٣ԭĳߴ綨·ҲԵЩյ
ٽһЩԼӤӤĹͷ
ҪɿǵִӤӤϷʱȴץסӤӤ
ͻķӦӤӤЩ⣬΢΢УȻ˿־塣
ھŵôǣֻǿһЦڷӦôô
ǰŮɫɫǲ԰ףһּĲУⲢû𺦵ԭòԽӣϧ
ӦϺúϧģ˭ݲһʱܹ۵Ļأ
ģӤӤ𽥻Լŵƽ֣أŵֻϣ㲻Ҫ˼Լˣ岻ģΧ׽˿ˣҲѹġ
ӤӤһ̧΢㡭ҵˣҲģ
ֹǻᣬÿÿӤӤ޲֮
ǷˣӤӤ첻㣬ûЩӳ֡
⣬˰ӤӤͷûʲô׽ĻԼõֵ֮
Ҽ֪β᣿


64 
վѡ˻رܡ
ûӤӤҹλʾѵ, ֪ܲ³ӤӤʱ򣬴žǻϱӵĥ
ϱĶȥȻ, ܾ, ȴҲòʵϾǷѪ֮һ, ܸӦӤӤ˵١
÷ѪȥӤӤ֮ǰû÷Ѫ̽ӤӤĻ, ̲סȥ̽ˡ
̽õĽȻġ
νǰʵ

һº
, лһдףˬá
, ɽѡγڽĵҲ˹
Ϊ֮ǰڵӵ߮, ɽȹǳ, ɽȸĶ˫ŮƵ׵Ϊ
Ȼɽһ㲻ŮУƵĸڵˣʶ˵ϻƵҲõеĻᣬ, Ƶޡ
֮, Ϊߵǳ߮ǳ۷Ϊ, ߮Ҳ۷壬Ըоɶ, ƾ֮ס
Ƶ, ֳĩεΪ, ˾жΡ
ֳȻɽɣȷɽȴˡƵ֣һǰһͨڴŵĽݣǺӳ´š
ǿڴż;ڿзɵĻǰһ
㿴˵һ־񣬽Ȼ鴫ֱûʲô𡣡
׻ǵԻھǰֱʣ߮ʦ˵ǰĶŮҲμӽϼᡣ
۾һ˵ǰŮ᲻ҲЩǿúúúǰŮùϵ˵һֻȥʦʦÿʡ
˺ˣ˵䡣ֺڵǵЦԼߴߴûͣãҡҡͷ۵׵Цǰݺͳ硣
֣Ǻڵĺʤô
ĵӽ͵ſס޵Է֮Ժֻˣǳ֣ص
ɽǸ׼ļɣĵӴ֮䶼Щݹϵǳĸ׺ĸ׾Ǳãǳڵţɽȵġ
ҪӺܲͻư˽ˡԴ˲ֹۣĸǱ˵ŵΪĩΣΪλΪˡôס
ǳ̲סֻڵĿʤȯʮþȵĸо
ϾӺڣѩġ˵ѩ˼ǰǿĵӶŵһ棬ȷʤ㡣
ǳһֵ˼ǡ
ǻӺӡĻӦǣͰ߮ҺӣһӣǰǸŮãһаҵķ޺Ͱ尢һӡ
ǰŮ֮ǰ˵һֱţһ͸˵£ܲμӵô
׳εΪСгһͲݸǳǰ߮ģ֮ǰûô
ǿˣֲǲ֪ǶʱڱչأǲסЩǳһƨϣ˵ǰΪŮɵģǰóĻ֮һ㶼û̳С
֮û̳вҪ߮˵չھнڴ˵
ǳţǲǾЩˣһ׳ôһ߽۷ȣ಻˵ǵҲû˰ɣ
֪ǳƢԣԷۣϢ˵ˣ棬֪ˡ
ֻܼӤӤǳֵƵֵоʱ˳ȥ
ǲ·ǿ·Ӵ
һ·ܿԷֻһŮԺŮӯѸݣ轣⣬һնϲơ
쪡һƵҪǷɽȵĶá
ƵһۣҪ֪ǰŮôǷɽȵˡ
죬
˿ʱֻһ
λڵˣǷɽȵô
һͷֻһɫӷŮվֳһСɵİŽȣһСӣϵҩ͸һˬš
ǣǡ屻һشЩͣԿô
ϾÿŶԼʽ͵˵ȻǺܲòΪԾҲ˲١
λĵûʲôЩҡҡӣ޻ޣ
ҽ壬ޣƵޡæǰŮФĳ࣬ɵʣô
ǣҽЦЦλӤӤҵĺѡ
ȻǰŮ۾һܻЩðʶĻɲ񣿡
Ȼ˵Ǻܺãʵ̫ҪһֻˣЩС޵ֿ
ǡҲᰡȷû˼ŵӤӤǽޣŪЩġ
ޣ󾪣ǿȡʤôôǽޣ˵ֻҪĶᱻס
΢鴤ĵѩһйЧúܣֻǼȷʵǽޡ
һƣ齣֮ϷâȴƮҡ߲ϼӤӤԼοƺûΧǽ
սʣ££ͷٿؿмˣװϿǷɽȵĴ硣
ҲǣɽǱߵ˾Ҫˡ
ӤӤӭ˳ȥλǡ
ҽ壬λƵЦЦոտչ轣ʵĿ̾ѡ
ƹޡ֪λкιɣ
ӤӤ֪ɽȵ˴ԶֻΪ˿轣ģҪΪ˿轣Ϊʲôȥģ
еõӤӤһʱ侹಻ʲôԭƵһ䣺
ɽʱǰһŮеǰķ緶
壺
ںͱͱƵ⻰ʵһʵԣʱĽڡ

գںͷɽߵʽ档ӷҲ֮С
ϼƸӣ˫Ƕֿģǵ˫ĺֻõϼΪĽƷ˫ĿҲõһʷĽͣԶû
˫չؾ̨Ȼ̨̽ؾ֮ʽֶĳһŴᣬֱӿԣȫμӵһֲ
ʮҪÿʽû޴롣
ڱչ֮вûǰһģ̨
õݻ£ݻģöӦȼԴٽŶϡ
Ϊûϳıǰһӣ볡֮ǰ˾һԼʹõ໥ס
Ƿޣóݽˮԣշת硣
ޣóɽȵĿ黭֮ٻָޣȻֻܷӳһʵһٻֻޣΪѾܲˡ
Ƶޣıһǵѣȡһ߹ƣͬһģΪϡǱǵѴȫĴ
ҩĵλӽʱȳģҪ˭ܾȼΪԭԼҲԸǰ
ӤӤƫڻʱͻƵϾͰ֮Ŀ̫ˣ֮лͻףʱһᱻѹ÷Ӳȫʵ
鶨һͬݻݻ֮еڳ߽׳εȼޡ
һֻ^
^֮һ^ٶǾŽ׵ΪҲ߽ף棬Ӥޣü˶̲סס˶䡣
̫ˡ
ӤӤֻаս黹ḻƵѹûʵսȶҲǸڵʦʦ򣬴ûĳϣ^ŭʵŵòᡣ
ӤӤϣƺԴ˽ã^ʱӤӤЦ֣ʾԼû¡
ƵҲǷɽ˲ţǺܿ侲˾ӺӦС
ȷ˫һˮҪ^ȥס^ͷǣס^ٶȡ
ͬʱĹǵߣݻ֮Уֱȡ^塣
ڵϣ̿ʼƬ̺һֻټıӰè˳
ӤӤǰһõʸʱıӰèĴӤӤֻһףССһֻëӣΪɰֻɸߣë룬צ絶һХ΢ǹ^ŭ
Ǹߴ׵ٻޡ
ǷɽȵսʽȻС׼̼ûǰױֱӴӲǵʵ
ҵˮ˫Ų߽׵ƣٻıӰèҲ߽һʵټ^ƵĹǵңʵ
֮£ֻ߽׵^ܿ챻Ӱèһ˴ϣһȦٶȡͬʱצ͵һģնϣ^Ťһ£Ӱ顣
ݻ򿪡
˿ûֵӤӤһۣղ
Ǽ

ݻģ̨࣬һԵҲ߽׳߽۷˽ףȻ߽׵˵ѹرӤӤں͵С
߽۷ޣѪˤϼͷǼҳ㷹͸֧ǣħķ
ԷϢֱ˺òܳ
ĶѣԸΪĮѵսߣû˵仰Դ˸νƵͱѵ۵ÿ಻ԣҪҪڴ϶ɼ죬ǶϢ졣
ǵĿֻǲϼ̫ѿҲò˵һ
ϣӤӤעԼ
ԴӶ֮ħԽӦֻֻһ˲з룬Ƕ߻콻һ
ҲԹܲħ·ߣӽߣħħߣɵͼڷʱЩֱ߻ħʱְ赼ڵҵϢűסһ
м֮࣬Ҳ̲סչضͳûչһѹҲûͻơ
ߵʱص㶼ͻȻͣʱҲ̣ܶ಻һʱ
ÿÿʱǱضֵģ˯֮ȥʱֻж¶ߣ˵һĿע
չصĵصģȥʵ̫Ҫˡ
ӤӤ̾һ˫ְڶµļϣʱµӲϲ
ϵĶ¸ķңҧԼǰëô겻ⲽָ¡
ȻδѪҲĳ˼ϣˡǰûйģǰ¾ҧҲģֶŪζꡣ
³ţĳʹſܽϰס״̬ȥ
뽫µĳȥζµܴ󣬾ִſš
Ƕ岻ôĶȾʲôĲ֢Ŵȥÿǡʱ߽Է
׳̬¶ͻȻΣŮ棬֪Ǹ˼е㼸ڼŮɵ̡
⼸öҩǰѩŪģ㲹á״·ͳһƿҩŵϣע⵽Ľ겻ս˿ֵ£ôе񡭡
ӤӤŵôˣ
Ƿˡײȷص
ǡʱµһöѣɵ๰ƤµӤӤǰӤӤûڿɴסѣֱҪӤӤ
ĳʱܻⲻһأѾԻⲻˣ𾪡˴ʱǳ͵ľٶվȷһ㡣
רҵʿоӤӤͫһ£ʶһö̵˶²ŶҲܷô
˵˲Ӧð仹СҲ˵׼¡
ȫ׵äˣ˵ΪͳѪԵм׽İ𽣬һηݺʱһŵû
һη˶ǻ˿ǧϷˣ˷żͰɣ
ϾԼ˵е֮û׵ˡ
Ȼ⻰ɲӤӤǲ׽еϢ㣺ʲôǷˣ
׼ӤӤ֪ԼҲȷӦ˵ʲôӦ˵ʲôˣ˵ֻԲ˵
ǣֻСˡ
°˿ڷ磬ӤӤһЩע֮ŵĨͿٳʲôӡ
֮ӤӤ֪бŵֻˣĴʦ
ԴӴӵڲŶʮ꣬⵰˶أֻǴӳǵһ̿ʼģ˵С˲Ϊ
Է֮кܿʣӤӤͶһһ
ӤӤµͷôǰ˵ʱҲ㣬ҪҸֻ䡭
˻
ӤӤֻԼҪҧˣ֡Ļ·һҧϵƤͷšһȦ۵ģ²ɿ졣
СϣҡڵؽβͶͷ֣ӤӤûӦͷϲ˲ȣβЩɨϡ
ӤӤ̽ʣҪ
ͷִߴٵ֡
Ǿ仰û˵ꡭ
һ̣ҡҡβͣβʹӤӤϥϣƺҪ𣬵βʵ̫ں̲ҡεƵԽˣڴߴӤӤ㸧

ӤӤû飬ҲҪʲô
˰࣡
⹦ܣ


65 
ʱ, ѩһض֮ͤУΧݺݺСƣһ˲赹ˮźˮ, , æòֺ
ڤˮ֦ǳЦҵ, Ǳǿ˾һ
ʱڤˮ֦Ѿȥϵαװز, δһȻѩף죬ü, ¶һȻɫͶ֮Ǿ绪
˵¶֮˾췣Ҳܲɷ֡
ڤˮ, ҽʲôҪֻΪ˺һƷԸ, һ뿪ġ
㱾ֻƷԸ, ֮ǰҲöˣôͲأڤˮ֦Цţ̧һΪѩ˲ˮ
̧ɨһ۸ոջΧѩ𳳳ֵСǣСǷ׷˳ͤ, ռڤˮ֦ѩˡ
, ʰѩڻǲǵһˡڤˮ֦΢΢Цţ¶ĸ, ѡ
ôǵãѩĬƬֲ̣ˡ
ڤˮ֦ѩ˵Ļһ˲, ܿϤ˶ľѩ߳Է, ϸδ, ȷʵмˡ
ʧˡ
̶򵥵Ļȴʱƽճ״ơ
֮Уڤˮ֦Ѹ⽻ãҲΨڤˮ֦ǧÿζ׼ȷҵ䡣
ʧ٣΢ƽֶٻЩӰ졣
Ʃ
˵һζΪҪĲƷƷҲ׵¹кУٻа˽ϵͨкҪһƺ⣬߲ҹȲɱ߽
в׵ĵףף಻ܷԼȺеĸ߽㱻ΧԲɱʵãᱸº֮һǰȥ档
Ȼڤˮ֦ǾȥλȻ¶棬Ҳ˽ǰΡʧȻܿ챻죬Ҳס˵겻ָһӼ䡣
˵ֻǱչˣٻߡ
ˡڤˮ֦ҡҡͷѩƫĲ²⣬ϴҺʱ͸ǲоʵҲһֱ᲻ֻʱչػ߱ԭжλϵʼûҵټ
ҽҪҰˣѩ̽ʡ
Ȼνų˻죬ѩʱĻ±ͬ˻ӻƣͬڤˮ֦ҪãͬһͬǾʶ
ֻ˽Уͨڤˮ֦ǣ߻棬Ҫȥѣһδҵҵѻϲʶ˵
ҪǲʶѰ˳ֽ˿ɾͲˡ
ѩʾϾȥ
ȻѾǧꡣ
Ϊأڤˮ֦һöӣȥҺˣָѩһ룬Լһ
Щˣڤˮ֦Щü֮нǷ绪
̸֮ɫ֮һʮ֮һʳһöӡ
ѩԼһ룬а᲻ڤˮ֦ʲôǿһڣֻڵĸ
ˣҲøˡڣǼ鼴ѩ̾һвң˵ɣҪʲô£ʵ
ȻǾͻһˡӡסӫļ䡣ڤˮ֦֣һŮӰ󻺻֡
ӫüĿ䵭ĮϢɻɢȥã͹Ű壬ץϵĺ㱻ڤˮ֦ľȾԼɲɢʲôһԶŲɫֽдˡ
ļ䱻޸ĹѾҲƲӡΪ˵ţڤˮ֦ӫƵѩǰⷽмҡҵӣɲôżߡ
ʵʱѩҲ뵽᲻ӫ𣬵ȴû뵽ڤˮ֦ôһȦӻ
ź֪ӡǲģֱܾܾܿڤˮ֦һ£ΪԼҪһ˵飬׳Ŀķ׵֡
ڤˮ֦ʲôһǺ꾫

һҹ֮
ͻư˽׾Ȼס
֮ǰͻʧܣȴֻΪӤӤһϼβ򣬽ͻƳɹ
Ҳ֣ٶͻư˽ʱȻûж༤ҵ١һͻư˽׵ƸƵ;ǴμҪ
εپºͣ·춼ͻư˽ס
ڴʱӤӤоһɼΪֵĸоڲ
ǳѾõķѪͻȻͻԾɢѾõ˲һˬ
֮ǰĿڳԼʹʱҲȻ޴档
ָо
֪ôӤӤǵڤˮ֦˵Ѫζȶ
ˡ
Ѿͻư˽ô
ΥĻһоӤӤһ˷ܣڴʱһѩ׵ӴӰ뿪Ĵӷ˽ϣǵָ
չֻм򵥵֣
̶
Ȼɲֻ꣬ϵר񣬴ں̶
ӤӤͷҲǾȴҲ޷ƽ
ʵ̫м֡ͷԼƻ󡱵ĸо
ƹ裬ڼﺮ̶֮ʱȻһϤӰں̶ԣǩϴѾκ۵㡣
ʱƵΪѾȶǰ˽״ڵΪҪǽĻܿͻõԵ
ʱˡ
֪ô뵽һ㣬ӤӤмįƺ˵
һֱô
뷨ܿ
ȻˣĶⳤģЩϣܲϣҲ
ǻһʱգǵĹȥֻһƽ硣ϵϱǸһˡ
룬Щìܺ;᲻١
֪Լĸоʲôν׽ǽ޷ϸ˵С
ֻ֪ÿʱ򶼺ܻϲżȻʱͷǱʲôˣһǻ
ȴʹܻϲ˲ĸоֻǶеġ
ͻư˽ˣ
ӿŲܵԱȥŵǹŵİ㡣
˵ͷרķתǩǩ㼫˷ʳ´ࡣ
شֻҹ֣ʵѵ
õӤӤˣѪЧȫЧ֮ǰ˾ʱֻѹһ㡣
ں̶ǻ
һԵӺͿӣרע⣬ȥǴ̡
΢΢£Ů˪ϸ޳ָɵز⡣
һͷ˿Ȼɢķ֮׹һöգ̻Ϣص£׿
ӤӤͷǳǳһЦϢ˴ĶһĨκ
ǹ̫ˡɵƿĿջʱȴо䶼ȾɫõѪ
ôˣӤӤĶֻ΢΢Щ֣Ըɴȥ֡
ƫͣƽǸо䣬ůָոպá
δҲδش𣬵Ĭľٶ
ӤӤľ󣬼һ˳ܵӣмֲԼ۸һ
ʼձֳĬֱһ⣬̶֮еʽ£һƬƬԱߵ׺Щջɫζȫ
ӤӤӹӣһƬ׽ȥǹŨ㼸Һ壬䵽
һػڵȼӶů˲١
̧֮µüەiڵ̿΢ɣԼԼ¶һѩ׵ļ͸ű糣ıĻǻһ㣬ɶȿֺС
Ƥϲģûϱӵ飬˵õֶȥգûνġ
ͬʱҲڴӤӤ
ӤӤʮ꣬ϸ񻣬ԳƵϷȣˣĪһֶׯԳֵĸоڸ̨֮ͽŮһڷѩнʢŵѪ÷
˵Ŀ˴˽֯ܿ
ֻĿཻҲνģƫƫ˴֮ĿԲôעӣʱҪ˫ܴŬ˴
ص˼δЩ˸˴˼עӲ̹Ȼȫܳ˵ġ
΢΢ֻ̧֣Ҫƶһ磬ܸӤӤա
ȴġ
ΪȻܵ౾ܵķʱڣצĵĸоʱʱ𣬽һࡣ
ţħߴȥӤӤӵӤӤ˵Լ룬ӤӤԼ
ЩǰϷյĿĶָڣӴ˾йһֱӤӤߣʹʦŵĹϵΪߡ
е뷨īһȾڰֽ֮ϣɢĴ綼Ⱦīɫмɫɺ޼𵭻
ӤӤ
վջ֣ʱȴǼڲزס״ӣѾ߳ˡ
һֱĻȻڴʱͻ˺ı㣬ȼյĸӳҡҡҷҷ˵㽡
ӤӤһĨк˫֮У̧ͷ׽Ŀ⣬ֱϣȷŲٶȴɵʱ˵ǧԻȥһײף㣬ϲͻư˽ס
ֻһô
Ҫλش𣿡
΢һ£ƺԥжʱѾ൱ľġ
۾
ӤӤԹ
һ˲һĴǰȵϢһڱ˪ѩ֮ϣϿããֻ̧һˣΨһˡ

ݻÿʹһʱ䶼Ҫάʱֻӱ˴˶βʵ̫󣬱ڵļλʵսɵĳϹ
ЩʵսɵĳҪżֳϵļӣȫ۸ЩðҴĶӳԵͷǱߣЩܱɻ⣬ȱԹҪЩ
ӵֹˣƺܶЩϵβͼ⣬ֺ׼ֵ|۳ϣһڱ֮ǰ|ϡ
죬֮дˮӣֱ͵Զãóͬһѵӱžݶڱˮû
Ȼⳡˮܿͱ|۳˻ȥδڵӼԱȫ°|۳ϵų׼ⱲӶˡ
ֻ֮ڳصſŵĴڹΪ˴ˮˡˮֱãѧԷĵŶӵӣһһ˳˹ȥ³ԿҲţ˼¾Ͷ˼ӣѩء
ⳡˮɵĸɷûͳƣϾѩߣһֽ°ﲿ־ɵӰĶֱӴ£һʱڹ룬֡
Ҳǡʱɽȹһֽ⼸ɽȵĺӻ̽סѩЯһ˫ͽͱɽ֮ʱѩͻȻ̾һ䣺
ɽأҲԺҲµĵǡ
Ȼ˵ǳ߮飬λδµСֻںѩ𷢱ۡ
ֻڳӤӤԼҲѩļҳ߻ҲȴӴĴߡ
һ΢΢ǣһ˿Ц⡣ֻǲ֪˱ߴٻ顣
ϾȫҲҲġίһˡ
ֻں̶֮жǰһǣͷδƬ̡ҧҧת˳ȥ
˪ȥɽԱƸǣ޵Ҷ׷ɡ
뵱ΪʦͬϷԣǺýõĺӽһҪɵ£񡭡ѩЦһعͷӤӤӤӤϲʲôӵģΪʦſѡһĵĺòã
ӤӤһţٿ뵽ں̶һɵһң
ѩЦ

ӤӤ͵ԷſڣȻԷסĵطѾȫ͸ӤӤ
ҪȥڤˮǰǱôӤӤڡ
ǱûĹ̵ĻӤӤԸ˼ĸоǴ˾͵ˣÿηֱԽ뿪
ֻȻܴţֽվԼС
ɽЩ顣ոʦ˵Ϊһ£úãɽʱġԼŵúܵ
һ·ʱƽոѩ֮Ĳ䣬˵⻰ʱȻԼΪĮĿǣֽԼȫȻĸо
ȷʵˣӤӤĵºʲôϵ
뵽һ㣬ɬиС˽ļĵطʯ
Ҳûҵµ˼ӤӤͷһӰ齣
ʵҲܼ򵥣ع֮ӣԸΪ߰š
ڵѾɹʮ꣬תΪҩ޶ԼҲ˲Сת䡣һжõķչˡ
ڵ£û
ô꣬һֱӲȤŮӵĻѩҽýɫɫͣҵ£վҲź
Ƿȱ粻ҡ
ϼˣԸ⣬ϼɡƽ
ӤӤɵݸȻ˴ߴңôһʣ
˵⻰Դʲôһ£һӣȴøˣ߸պúؿƽ
˵֮ǰķȴòʲôʱȵʸȫóˡӤӤֱͦӣΪԵá
ֱͦҲûʦĴ󡣡ӤӤһۣ׼Աû·սӤӤѹ˵
ӤӤؾоݣͺá
һʱȻ֪ԼӦ˵ʲô
ֻһɵڶǰ
عʱȴӤӤӯӯǳЦ㣬Ѿǻ˰ɣ
΢һ£ϲ¶ɫˣЩ

Ȼ˵ɽЩ顱ֱ֣֮֮зɳһֻɫ
ݣȻ޷ӤӤܣС˶µݣӤӤôڲ¡
ӤӤĲ˽⣬ϾһѾﰵ˵©˶ٴΣ޸ճɻΪΡ
Ʃ磬ʱҲżӵһ£ΪơһӤӤȥӵǶû
ǸʱӤӤȥëظȫβͣעʱ۶͵ĳ谮
˻統ֻ
ᳵ·ش˽ȥӤӤڷһӤӤϡ
ӤӤϰ˶ˣһЦϵһӣ˶ߡ
صظӣҶòãӤӤһִֻͷ˳ļһ·µβͣסβ⣬ٿЦˣҶôã˵ǲӦˣ


66 
ͷһһ, ӤӤ⻰Ǻһ£̧ͷˮ, պϰһյ, ֱͷȥġ
Լǰʲô, ոջԺ֮ĶͷתͷҪ
, üӤӤµβͼ⣬ְѲˮƣ°ȥġ
ʱӤӤ۽ǳ谮, ͵ûһѩϼĻ
һ뵽ֻǸµģǸ, ԺԹ
, ššӤӤָ, ܿͷӣβĴţӤӤ
Ŷ½Լ׼һСӳ֮ӤӤյʷ
ָк, ӰڷƵֽ, һͿҹѾ˯ˡ̲סͷ, Ūһ¶³Ľë
ŪҪһŪ, ݺָһ¡
ٻЩ, Խε¼Ϊʹ
ӤӤ, øոձҧָһĽë
ʵҲûʲôǷ
˯Լҹﲻƽ⡣
߶˯ˣӤӤʾԼ⡣
ִʷڣĶ¸ԶſӤӤȡ
Ȼͷϣ˯ȥ

ڶӤӤʱֻӤӤźǷһ㲵شӷ߻ԼĲӡ
һΪӤӤò׺˼ַ˾ɲæû֮ǰɲļֻƣ͹ȡ
ʲôˣԼ۳ӣ
һ˵ţһ߻һȦשǽȷûĺۼԽɻ󲻽ˡ
ûǽƽҲûɨϰߣһ˶ӣô۳ӣ
˵ˡӤӤҡҡͷ㿴ⲱӣҸоˡ
ܲ˵ΪԼǷ˶µ죬ͷ˯һϵ°ɡ
̫ˡ
ؼӤӤĲӺͼ羱ֻǷּ⽩ӲӦ£ûд󰭡
˼ҩӤӤȥ⼸ҩþƻڼ羱Ϲһͺá
ƵĻС֪֮ǰҪȼڣЧá
һ˵һܻȥȡơ
֮ǰȾƣ˾ҩ֪ô
ը¯
ӤӤԼĲŷֶ²֪ʲôʱˡ
ûĵ
ԹɢһͷȻбĳ
һһֻƸʰɾɽ͵Է
ʱһ̳Ӿ˽պÿ񽫰׻ɽһĻ
һиָĻ˹ư赶˵ĹԼϵζƷ
⡭
Թı˽աӤӤ˵
ϾڵĲʹȨ޽ֱӽЩɵɽ²ɹʳˡ
ӤӤҪѧǼΪ޳ɵģһļϣһͼʰһС
ϴˣӤӤɽѹг˿ʼЩ׼ŶģġֱʳĶ
ӶΣӶˮӶͣӶϾƣ

дĶǡģɵĴʡ
ӤӤһʱֻԼ
ǴûЩ
˶һۣղ
ԣ
ԡ
̼Ѿѩ˽ǰźԷ˵Ц
пܵĻǻϧʱЦݣΪһ˲
ֻһ죬ܴӹȼæˮ£ϨһܻԷһĴ
һʱԷˮڣмԷ¥ϡסԶĵӿһĻƻΪǴʦ׼ɽٷˡ
ǰǵ÷㣬ӤӤˡô
һǻϾ֪ģΪӤӤϲ٣Ȼȫûѹסġ
ѩһԿСæңа̾ӤӤĳ洫
뵱̽Ҳ㾪̵սѾ彣вˣˣٻϣβ֣͵浹
һ˵Ļ֮
ֻɽ̿Ķǰò֮ǰֱӽʳı浹Ӧú˲١
веû𿾺˵Ķһ滹ġ
ֱ̧̧֣ϣ׶߶һ䡣
úԷ
ǰˣһãԲȵλֻӺ̶Է׵ҲλĻλСġ
ԼתѩΪο
ֻοֻǶ̶һ˲
Ŀŵڹը֮ѩջӤӤ츳ǿ뷨޿κεسڳ֮˼ֱ
ʵֹӤӤĳҲʵļᣬϹȻ츳˵ˮƽڣֻҪ¯ʧĵ˲ĵҲ֮ǰûеĵҩԴ
ǽļƣЧɲ
¯һըʳ͵ҩһ̽Ȿʡ
˵ܳԳϾʳģǽЩںһŵĶӣɽ²еˣǻỳ⡰ҩα
ɵôյߵɽʱ򣬸ûȳյĲɱ֮
΢鴤˴˱˴ˡ
ٷûСĶ֣״ȨվС
Χɢ
֮ǰΪӤӤֻһʱҪѧˣֱΪɵӤӤȻԭСĵطһСɽ⡣
ӤӤҲûзǰıЦע
һʱĸо񱻴ͷβ˺̶ˮС
£׼ĺóԵġ
ɽҲ࣬Ҳࡣ
ʱ֪ӤӤžɱ˿ͷ˯һϵĳ
˯һô
˯һϵȻҪͷѹһ൱ڡ
ӤӤԹɹ΢΢Цݣͣ£Ӧûϲ
βëҪըԱźһ˹ȥһסɽ⡣

ǷСҶëסˣоԼѱסƽɫ
쿾⣬ô϶˵ǰѳԳӣ
ӤӤ֧°ͣϾشŶµ飺óôҴʦĲˣܺõġҺϲ
ǳܾĲˡ
ôѳԵȥۺһĶǶյĪ衣
ɽһ㽹۶ûУȻǳӤӤֱʡζ֮⣬ɫòôԼġ
ʱŵ˵ľ㡣
δ߻谵µŮ⣬¶һ˫ѩ׵ı۰򣬷֬ѩˡ
ŻľҺڰ͹ľǳǳľƿӣΪҺĶȾϵƤ͸ŵ糺죬һѩµĺ÷
ӤӤϴ˯ʱ򳣴ɴ£ҺʪǰĲλɴ½ϣճߣƵ
ӤӤƺȫûĿ⣬羱ĨҺ
ôûԼþƣ
Сϻûȫĵҩ׹ӤӤԼĨҩƣϸȥȷʵܿ羱ϰѩ֮·𼸿鵭ϡ
ҩӦǻѪá
ҹ˯ĵط֪ԼסƽֺѩƣһһߵӤӤűߣȥӤӤСȡ
Ƕ£ʲôˡ
ºʲôϵأ
ʵⲻ˽ģǶԸסıԷ˶ίȫֺáҪǶӤӤ뽫Լαװһֻ޺С
ʱƽշɲ١
󲿷˵ĸоǵǰֻΣûȫжҪ顣
оԼһöļ룬ȥһ˿֮߰顣
ԱӤӤǰųԼ¶ϾӤӤ֪ı塣
ֻ֪ѩףڤˮ֦
֪жôӤӤҲ
ʵûµСڣ󵽾ԷˣֻҪ伸£Ѷ±޶ȵس谮š
ľҺ˳ëϡ
ӤӤϥϣӤӤĸ
Ҫ˯ҵԴϣҾָɽԣץĲӣȥӤӤָսһץƣҪҴʦȥôҵĲӸҹҩġ

ڷ˼Լں̶ʱ򣬸ӤӤιҩʱôô
ʱûҸӤӤ·Ѫֻιһ΢ѹħķѪʶӤӤҲҪҩԼѹơ˾ҩϿҩ࣬ʱӤӤŲȣż͡
ô
ӤӤǰ㣬ǽԼ۵ƣ°Ͳ˲ԴֻҪ˫Ⱥϰٺ£ýЩһڵ
ĺܶ඼й飬ǺϲԼȫüȥÿһ缡ȥԼ衣
ȻЩǰСֿɰ衣
˲ͷ˶µļ˹󣬻ȥס˶µĲ䲱š
£Ҳбһᵱһܺϸ˵ġĳ񣬰ȥ÷ͷÿ˶ؿշ˵񻵲
ţӤӤɤӣģ̫ˡ


һݼӤӤܡ
һ磬ҩûݣӤӤôˣ̾˿
֮ǰ߹ӦҩͻȻۣʦȥô¡һתͻȻʣӤӤҪҪһȥ
ң
԰㿴ôĵط㻹ûȥǲһ£Цļ򣬡ڿǰ㵤ҩôæϣͺһȥòã
ӤӤԼޱ飺Ҫǲȥ˾ҩҪҲ¡
һ⻰غӤӤ㻹ôˮԶһ·˵϶ټ裬һ޸֮ҩޣһȥô
裿
ҪûǴںרõĴ󷨣һʱܵ
޸֮ҩޡ
ӤӤŬȥݻͷʱѨŪ̱顣
ҩ޲ǵĺðɣ
ӤӤûӦһҪһȥҪ·ϱץ߳ˣҲҪϳ˯ȥ
Ȼ⻰ģȴ͵عӤӤϱӵĻ䡣
ǰʻվϱӵʱգȫʬ
ӤӤҽʹסؿڣվȣһæȥһӤӤֱʧȥƽ⣬ܸоӤӤģոҪ
ҷȥ÷ǵȥˣţҡţҪȥӤӤ󣬵֣һӤӤ͵ȥ
ûµģȷһͺˣϢһ¾СӤӤǿ̾ʹȥο
ƭӤӤ˷䣬һ֪̽á
Ȼȫˡ
ѿɲС£ҪģæȡĵҩҪӤӤʱӤӤɫ԰׺ѣʲȥκζ
ͷǺˮۿ޴֮ʱֻȻǰжһյ
յʢʺɫҺ壬ӳӡ
ҩҡ
ץסһһ˵ʲôʲôڽҩݸָ֮ȥˮ
£̾˿ҩܽѪУӤӤ£뱧ӤӤԼУصߣ˾䣬
ȥɡ


67 
Ȼ, 仰ʹ˷Ѫ
ѪΪ˵츳֮һʵ˵ܽѪ֮˱ΪԼָܣ˵˱Լһ֡ԡΪ, ǿ, Լ
ѪȫԱԼк, Լ߻̳һַ˵ıԴڳɫս츳ǿ޸һֹԼ߷˵ļ䡣
ȫסԼ, Ҳ㽫Ѫˡ
ʵҲ֪ġ
֮ǰѪǱѩѩصüãǶ׽ٵʧȫûвԼˡ
ҲǶı
ǧǰ, λħ繲ߣԭλΪ, ΪħħΪȴ, ΪħȴһζԼħ, ݱԡ
ħսУ䣬ڻҽ֮һöһλĹ˼䣬շתѩ¡
Լö
ⶼǲõ, ʱûмҲġ
עӤӤǿҩѪȥ, һԡ
ָ£ӤӤ·, ѩɵĺ¶ǰع֮һȭͷĺڵ˷ӳɫħ, ɫϼ
Ѿͣô, ôֳˣ
ָӤӤ, ƶҩ£ӤӤȥҩ̼֮ӤӤܵ|һҪָ
ץסӤӤļ򣬲ҶͬʱӿԼħԼԭĵȥŵ޸
ħӤӤһ֣ʵǱ֮ǰСЩӤӤպͻⶾصĲվޣƲӤӤֻȫħһɡ
ʵ⼸ڰѰǶ䣬ӤӤ֪ЩӤӤ֪ӤӤֻ»Լǰ
ָֻһ㣬첢֯ԣˣǽӫȥǵˡ
ѾﵽŽ׵ĶķڷΨǴ֮ˣΪ಻ھŽס
һʱ
˽
ⳡ棬˷СϣӤӤǰķɫͷ΢һһԽá
ʲô
һöıɫӶС
ϳⲻġ
ָڴϣһꡱƣĻҪġ
㲻Ϊô
°߽ĩεΪͳͬ˺ܶˣʲôĵģʼ磬Цˣߺһİ˽״ڣûʲô˼˵ȥΪǸ˼̫̫ء
һļͷ˭һ˼֣
ֻ˭Ҳ벻ˡ
ûеƣал
ಢ壬һĻ飬һ׷ݵеɡһһҲǨƳ磬볾䡣
ȻˣһҲᣬ˲ܷ֮ٶԶˡֻϧΪʩ˽ƣһȻΪȴѱ˴֮䷱ãѺͨ飬ǱĬѪϡȥ
һĴѪöɫӣôΪŨ
ʹöӵΪεˣҪ̺ΪҪ̵ʱ䡣

ңԶıɽ֮У鸡ʱʱޣɽҰ޺̵ķչȥƬ̺һؿݹǡ
ŮҡҡӣΧƵƺ̱ȵɢûʱ־£ݡ
ȹϵĿݹǣݹӦѣһƬڣȥ˾綾綾ԴͷẠ̊́Ůдȴ˿Ӱ졣
ˡŮϣǶƵĺǴӳġ
һԵϣشȴŮӵķԸ
ȻٶȴڣĴЩյ˼ϸޱչ¶Լɫ
ո̽ħټħڱѹƵķ롣˭֣
Ƿˡ˵ӣ̧ǺŮЦЦŮԴЩɶŮԣŮ
һֻ˿ɲС֪ǰ顣ŮҡҡͷԼƵ棬ס˳֣һ췣֮Ѫͳսϡȴ뵽дѪͳ䡣ղ̽ħλҽԾӵȴⷢ⡣
᣺Ҫô
ֻ뷨˵¾ڵ°ˣ㵽һ˿ڣ
Ѩ֮ľȼ졣
Цҡҡͷڻɳôֻǳ֮ǰѾˡ
áŮų֣Լǰŵǳǳһ£ϾܳһʱؿŮӣȫ벻ԼҴΪʲô˺񰮡
ˡ
ӦõġŮӵȻĳʱе⣬ȴȸոЩǴѪģȡɡ
شûΪʧ䣺ҵĴˡ

üĵһ㷼ɫȥ˿ָ
һŮοУ϶
ָöɫӣâ˵ò࣬޻
ͷһĳ̶ֳи֮ͨǵʱ㹻ģ⼸꼸ֻ֮еһ˲
ƿĿ⣬עԼеӤӤȡһӣմЩˮ˲ӤӤߵѪ
ʱȻƺǰӤӤһӣûӤӤҪӤӤҲû
ӵ׻˽֮Ҳ֪ӤӤǲǻš
ָ֣ӤӤգȥĵطָܿĺۼסһ
ȻȥվǸոնѵĵطЩɬʲͨһʹ͡ӤӤշתʼղðȣ֣ӤӤĿϡ
ӤӤʵϵģ˻ƽͣȴҲƫЩʱ׷ݣǴſԼӤӤں̶ʱ΢עڣ˵ľ
ӤӤӤӤѪҺ
߶ٻԲԼųⷴӦܹ֮˴˼佻ܱڲɻɳ֮١
Ȼ˫֮ʱ
Ȼ֮ûʽ˫޹ʶ˫֮һģһ
͵ůһӤӤͨͨľ
µһʵеԣĥģʵ۶
жȻͷɵҪٶȰȥȴʼ޷ˡ
뷨˵ȻǼΪģĻ٣ȾָġФԼʦʵ̫ˡ
ʱӤӤֽɵ˼أ
ǵڤˮ֦Ǵγ¡ʵԭ˽ģͨѪ΢ʩһĥ䲻ʤʹ֮е˶һ˴ţлġ
ңӤӤģԽϧȴ¡ֻ뿴۾õ׿ɣٺͻ¡
£׷ɵ˼ӤӤ˯ðˣӤӤϣϱӡ
ӤӤ΢΢һ£ֱ˳Ŵ齱߻شš
˵⣬ʵ԰ѿء
ָ⻮ӤӤֱһĨǳκ졣
Ĩκǿҵκɢ̲סָһ
Ƥʵ̫ϸ壬ϸ嵽ޣֻҪ΢ӶѪֹӤӤ󣬶ӤӤ֣űһ£СһȦ
˳ôˣҪˡ
ڴߣһӤӤַ֣£ؽҴرҪߣȴӤӤһ˳ϡ
ǣոЩȥŹһ⣬ں˯ôʵ
ں̶ʱӤӤҪ࣬ʱӤӤͦģźͺˣ˻ôŤ
ƼӤӤΪħʼ׷˼ȥӰٵ̶֮гԼȫ۵ѡ
ӤӤоûһ˿˿ô
ֻΪ˵õĺøԱô
Ϊʲôڽ飬ʵĶԷ֮ûйߵڴ˼ߣ࿴
Ȼ̻صˣԼҲ̻𣬺Ϥһ𹲶̻
ǺӤӤһڳմֲ赭Ҳǻϲġ
ӤӤϱӾʲôӤӤϲӤӤĥ֮»ʵ
ӤӤϱУħħ
ʦҲ˵һˣʱħһ˻ҽΨһ
һΪħȴħپеƷ񣬱ʴȣΪħʣεлĻ
ٻع
ӤӤ˸ƺǣ˸ոսӺõе͵|ͷҲǣʱҲһһ
첻һΪ塣
һɡ
㹻󣬻˵˶һ´ࡣ
һ˯֮ǰҲöˣһΡ
ӤӤߣӤӤ󱳶·ոձ˺ˣ൱֮һ㱻Ӻ
ոʵʲôûţֱָӺӤӤûƽôҵ˼
ٻһöߣ˿Լ֣߶ԼֱϣʹѲ٣ܸоԼ˿ѪҪϣκηļ߲棬谭˿ͷᡣ
סӤӤָָʣӤӤľ

ⳡ֮еܿ춨ȥӤӤͬȥһѩָһԷ纮˪أʺӤӤӤӤȥǱɢɢҲãҪ˻ȫ
޵פص̨Գ̨ͣǰڻҪҲ˽׵ĴܡңǼλ˽׵Ϥ䣬Ѱڳ̨֣Щ˴С
Ҳû˭˽׵ģĿǰҲǸո׵ӡɼԪ˳ʲôӡ
ʵҲֹ̨üѣ֮йõǼŻᣬŻʺһȺ氮߳ʲ࣬ǹߣһȥɣ첻ҲǣŻٶѹ
˺ܿͱ͵ޡ滷ҲźŨˮļ紺
ҵҪأ޼ԳƵ˾̣ƷӦоĿʱʱܿڽ϶顣
˵أȻҪ֪һµصţǻ⡣ֻû˵ŰݷãһѩɫȹŮ
СŮˣλӼ¡ŮˣĿģϣȹͻư˽ףӴλÿɷΪСŮӽһô
нӲƺھش⻹ֱƿ֮󼪣ǿˣλãλҵʦãӤӤ
ӤӤܣλ̨֮ĶŮ
λһͬλһСŮΪԲλࡣȻǶ˶˵ĿȴʼͣϣСŮλҪصر±磬λСŮһӡ
æܾ޹»ˡȥʰձضȥݻᡣ
ӤӤ֪ôĲƺҪ⣬֮زز
ӤӤӡǺλϵô֮ȼ֮Уųʱ䶼Ǻһȳݣ⡣
ڿֱǺӼè
СŮѾ׼ˣ治ôЩίһ˫鲻ؿĿϣ·һ̾ҪȻ¡
޽ﷱ¥ƹݴŸַε˽̷ڶ̿֡
仰̷Ŀ׷׳ڵͶ˹ɫֱĵʼĲˣöⷽ淴Ӧٶ۵ӤӤعζ
뵱ڱͷ
ΧԽԽ࿴ֵˣѾ˿ʼ
ⲻ̨ôô£
ûӸոնҪô˵ôͻޣ飬λˡ
λӿˮ飬һҲ䡣
ɲ˵һ˰
˵ۣӤӤмΪ죬һжƱķУͶûȤοƣЩôϹһһԸ˵ʲôһ
һ裬ֻϱݣѾ΢΢ȻǶĳ⡣
ȫٲȻû뵽һ
ԸʵҲܼ򵥣й֮޲ͺˡ
ǰһߵߣװվȣ׼׼ȷصС
һʱ䣬ոջ۵˷·𱻰˾˲俨סǵİһ˲䱻㡣
⣬е֮İֱǰһ˭˭֪ʲô
ӤӤסôˣ
ʵҲûϾӤӤӹ㲻зѪѹҲǿǿǸͨ˵壬Щ߷겻ֵǿûñȡ
ӤӤп˼԰ȥһʱܿȳѪӣŵȺ׷ˣ΢ЩѪ
㣬ˡ
ӤӤƮƮģ俿Уһ΢ɢ˹ǼܵӣȴûôʵһĶ
ûԼСȫȻƶ
֪ΪΣڸо˼֮оƺһ͸ĤƣĤ֮ķԽ
ʵ뷨ǲӦõģżĴ⣬ľҡҷ̲ķʵѡ
ĻӦ


68 
⴫û߼ˣ
סӤӤ, ȴʱӤӤӼϾͲ޷ֻܽƹȥӤӤ, Լϡ
ӤӤʦӲ, Ҫźáĺ, Ѿˣʵڲ, ¡
ˣҲõŰȻĽҲ˵, ڵʿֻȫͼҲǶֻ֡ܺݺҧҧתͷ̨ȥ
˿, Ҳɢȥæˡ
ﵱĪյԱ, ̽̽ӤӤ, ֺƽȣ˵ʲôȴע⵽ӤӤݹɫᣬϸĿ, ʦ, ӤӤⲡ֢зףǶϢΪá
һͷ, סӤӤ֮ǰԤĿջߡ֮ǰ붩ͷģһһȵ, Ƽڴ, ϵļҿջΪ, Ҳֻ䡣
ڷ䰲ϣȻӤӤһ䣬һ䡣
ŵҲ׵ʵҲ̸ģٲҪ˽Щˣͬסڡ
ջڲΪģÿһ䷿ԼרŵԡأһһСɷֱˮȪˮ衣˵ض˻˵¯հ׷Ʒ
ŵ¯һӡ⳥仰ֿ˿ĵ¯沼ŷƣӤӤ΢΢һЦƿ߿⡣
ڽǳģԶȥܿˮһߴ֡
Զûֻչֻ룬ɡվ˳Ŀ⿴ȥû˲šһֻڽȥԶա
ˣ
ӤӤһһݴԵ
һ޻顣
ڴϱԼһԵ֣ľԶԶûϱʱõĵӦֱ任硣˵ıǵһ޻顣
һĥ˼ǿľ;ֿ޻ǼЩڴɡ޻֮õʵķԾܽԼľ಻ƣ롣
Ҳܲϱħ֮µʸһԳƵŵĺģﶴֺħĶ۵סħϮأ֮£δħ֡
ȻĴ󣬵սŻΪɵ̨ļҷͥٲȻκһá³ҲѴһ
֮Ҳ֮࣬Ҫȥûס
ȥԡʵһ·Ҳûжٷ糾ӤӤܲţ׳һԡ˵Ҳϰߡ
Ȼãˮ泹׵ϴһúúùʱҪúùӣ̫Լ
̫ܲصѡ˺嵭÷㡣
ʱ򣬼ӤӤϷ飬һͷ˿䣬׷ڷ໭еˡ
ӤӤ飬ŲŲ
˹ӤӤóλϡܸоӤӤ˹ļͷϢڡ
ܸоӤӤյĴУһŵˮ
ոڣʦʲô˼ӤӤʡ
ʵʾãǺܻŵģǲ֪ȥֻ̨ܾĵط֮һӦĴڡûֻ֮ᴦܳ⡣
˵̨ǲźǶֵģǰжҩļ۸ֽţҲ˵ʲô̻᾿Ǻ
ںѩĹϵáǶѩǼɵ
ΪҲǰ˽ףŽֽӽԵΪױ죬ɽٷľתײôùģǵ˾Žףʱ޿̶ñչУδ׼ñ㱻ɽٵ
ѩ΢Ĵ˰˽۷ʱڣ˽û˭Ķ֡
ڶѩļɵڰڣƻڸԴ˶Ͼڸз츳;Ļ᣻ÿ궼˳ѰɹǵţԸھʹȥǲԸڵ߾ֱӵɱˣⱻڵõ
ʵۿȥԼΪŵľźͷɽ޲ˣ̨ͼŻͶ߽գѪҺĻЩڵƷûõȥСŸšڵˡ
ǧǰаٻţǧٸǳ𣬶ϵĶϣһѰھٰŴֻаŲμӡ
̨һ뵽ĸ֡
ǧٿףˡ
֮ǰ̾ϢƫƫֻһˣıƣһˣڣԼ˽׵Ϊ㹻һ棬ﻹ̫׶ûĵӡ
ƾΪɱһѪ·ܻż׽ˣأֻԼѹ
һԶˡ˼ǰˣٿһӤӤ˼ôҡ
ӤӤ͵͡һ𾪵̧ͷ𾪵Ĳ£ǾΪʲôὫ˵Ƶᡣ
㡭
ӤӤô룿
תӤӤһһ档
ӤӤӱУָֻҪ΢΢ĦӤӤѩ׵Ϣͺۼ
ӤӤӤӤĴϲûжѪɫŹֿģȴһӤӤ˶סĸоҲ˵оʲôֻͷƺڽŻʱʱ
Ůಡҩƺ͸˹ǸոյȪˮζǳ÷ŲҩϢǼơ۾һٸŮ֮ѡҲѡӤӤ
ӤӤöޣʱ򵥴һ糺£˾ͻ˿ϣϹ⻬˿幤ʶ΢⣬ΪЩɫһӳѩ÷
ܴʲôǶȥǼˡ
Ǵʦ顭ӤӤĿңٿطԼд˳ƺԼ΢΢һԭǱһ¡
ôҴʦˣԽԽôǿЦţһӤӤıСûĵġ
Цδ۵ףϾͷһƬѹȥġıǰӤӤĳƺʼնǡʦ㡱
νġ㡱ֻΪͬ׽ѣΪӤӤϲ׽
㡭ӤӤæĿڡ
һûӤӤǺˣִٲؿһĿƿ
ϣᶺȤᵽƲ֣˺ü£ŲͷؽҶ
ʵҪһҸоǺ׵ӤӤʵʵ
һܼ򵥵ԭϲ񣬱ΪԶԶ䲻
߱ǣ̨ļ̳ˣȻą̊́ģߵģǫܸ̂ȥ
оǣвκˣصռȻôڵģκƲסԼ֪ģлЩɵҪǽ˹ĵ£Ǹӳģ
ӤӤȥһǰϵϸϸ壬ɵݸ
ֻΪôŵĹϵĹ£ʵǽ|۳ϵĿʵһ㣬ǹؼģú롣
ʵҲûʲôú롱һ׾ͽ⣬νν飬ʵֻ޵ˡ
㲢ϲ
ȴ׷ʣ
أ
УӤӤƬ̡
ʵϲһѾ㹻ˣⲻϲǷҪ˵Թ߷Уֻû֮Ϊµͷ㡣
Ȼ²ôعأԼԣз棬ôˡ
оԼѾ˵ȫˣʵ벻ĻС
ֻʵʵ̹ϵҲ֪
Ŀתǰ̵ͦıǣٵûѪɫĴСɵ򢣬Ů˫С
ʵ
˵ʵѾѡʱƵǵСˮ
ӹˣոյ˼Ҳ뵡ˣһյ裬ŵԲˮ¶ȣŵ˱ݸӤӤ
֪ôоĿͻȻƵúܡӤӤһڲˮܰҰѴһôܺЩ
ħ춯Ҳתʱĳƺ֮ĺ֢ӤӤ롣
Կ˴ָֻܿһӣȻܺ
ӤӤЦҪǼһ㱻ѹӣģֻ»Ƶø
ҩô
֮ǰͳԹˡ
Թҩö˶˵ơзգձıһԷ£˴ŲţŲŲűӤӤӡ
Ͻֻ£ӣΪϣѹеԭӤӤϵıӣ§סӤӤ
ӤӤС
ӤӤץסԼĿڣ΢΢Щܡ
ôָⰴһʶʡ
ӤӤҡҡͷ
ǵڤˮ֦ǸʼϣƺйƵע⡣
ǾתҲѪٻֻͨ໻ͺˡ
һʱҲ֪ϣڤˮ֦ǱʼϹ֢ͬصĲڸӣػУЩʵƣһʱѷֱ
ոոڵȥҩˣֻӤӤڿջ棬̨ûʶҽңȥ衣
ӤӤںڵ޽ţͶ䵭Ӱ˫΢ţžܵúܡ
ץҲԣ˼Ϊĵطߢζ
ֻĿڣòƸոǱĥʯѹܣŷģš
ȥдĳУȴסг٣ָѹסÿһ¶Ϊ׼ȷǱʶ
ӤӤѾˡ
֦ѿͣȴҲˣЩطʵġ
ӤӤ䣬ǻˣµ
ּµĻ֮У¶ߡǺټĲϸȫѪС
ǼΪֵĴڣʱʱ̶̿䣬ԼԼѰˡƺҵѾ˴С
Ҳ֪еһֶڤˮ֦ûа취
ӤӤ˯һʱӽбкںϣƬƬ۲ȥ̾Ȼ׳⡣
࣬ɽҩǣ¶Уǿɿڡ
˯ôãӤӤоԼͷ˯һ㶼붯Լܣι
ؿô룬Щš
ؿںЩˣҲǺơֻǸоûʲôӤӤͷͷƣӡ
ʵ
˼˵Լ㳶ѣҲš
Ϊһĥ˺üܺߣյϢô
ϵ塣
оԼļ򱻷ס˿۽ǻû˯ѣȫİڲ
ʳ½ͬһǶƲˣҲһֺгС˿裬δǣˬ
һзƣзΪһɿڡ
ͶιԼ־ӤӤа롣ϲԣǿȥӶٲŮ
ιһ࣬ȡ˲ǡʰӤӤԹ꣬Լ¿ʼ
ʵʳģѩˣѩʳİҲϡ
ֻ˽ģ϶ֱ˵ģѩǰģĳҲһġ
뵽Լϴκ˺һñѳԣֻһɽ⣬ܰԭɿڵŪö¶ʡ
֮ǰ½ѩ𣬷ºദϵֻ˯ʱ굽һ˯ȥѩһ˯Ҳһġ
޵ĶͦóԵģȥһݸºˡ
ӤӤţ첲֧°ͣڳԶ
Զʱ򰲾ţϸʣ˫Ķϸ΢ֻǿʳﱻٵһʧḶ́;Ŀ
ʱںȲ衣
΢΢𣬲ˮʺʱ򲱾΢һʱӤӤЩ
ûԼĿ⣬ܿͱˡ
ԼĿ̽ӤӤ˼سЦЦоԼǰһƬڡ
Ƥǿˮһһһ𣬸ֲ
˷Ѫ
ʧȥһܵ飬ӤӤ˼¼ʵ۾ίڴϾ˼ȦӣԼʵʵں֮С
ղһڣָоؿ΢΢ˡ
ӤӤһҪָоûжЧз꣬ͷűӹ˺üȦ
ȻʧظУȫһʹ
һ˵ϡ
Ȼк̺ͱӸţǸоԼͷˤɢһҪκα̫á
νԸҲ


69 
Ȼӱȳ, ֽ˷ѪӤӤգգ۾ȷԼ֮ܿ󣬶ͶȥһΪԹ
Ȼ, עķѪȻ޲߲Ƶ, Ҳ൱
ѪʵҲ˽⵽Ǹʲô, ԷѪĸҲֻǿƣͲֹԭȥࡣ
Ϻ, ˴˵
ǰȻǷڻļ¼, ̲ס뵽ϼᡣ
ϼᵽʣʱ䣬˵̲̣˵, ʱδ˵˭˵ġ
ͷɽȽ˵ס, ƼЩ˵ֶһ۱ƳȻϵûĬ, ໹ǰ
ʵʼӤӤһӵģҲҹѩ𣬵ѩ˼ȥǾܾˣһһѾ㹻øһЩҲ, ѩ𽫸ѺӤӤϡ
ӤӤԽս֪, ˮƽѩҲţֻӤӤʵʲôˮƽȴ޴Ӷ֪
ֿܵסķѪ
Ѫʱһ, ĸԸؽܿƣӤӤȴ˵ֿѪһʾľٶ
ֻᵽϼ, 㲻ɱҡ
ǵ֮ǰ˵׷, з粨, ѩʵڽ¡Ŀǰ֪ǸӤӤħ֯Աֵ֪ľ
죬֮֯гӫԼҡ
پŽ׵ΪӫΪ壬ʵжΣΪ۷塣
ӤӤܸ֪ˣûˣ°ǱڵĶԶᱻ֡
ѩӤӤѡ࣬ʱҪʲô
԰Ҽ˰꣬ûְκ춯Ѱĵһÿסú֮䣬Լʦ|۳밲
֮ǰҲǸ֯ӫǰЩ˵ѩֱӷӡļ䣬ӫļһűŪ߰ŻҩĩҪٲȡжӫͻʧء
Ǹ
лĻ
һӤӤʱӤӤڴߣϡëϸܵӰ
ΪӤӤҪ˯ˣ봵סӤӤǳǳһЦ
һЦ꼳ͷٿһ¡

쵽ҹŻһ糾дƣ룬ջÿӤӤš
ʱӤӤѾ׼ޣͻȻо㾪Ϊʲô£óһУ֮зһƽ
ƽǱƵģĥм乤һ١֣Χƺͺ˵·ɾס
˵ϵ飬˳ҪȥƽҾȥ˸ƽ˳ص˺þõĶӣ㿴
öƽýߺţΪϲӤӤлţȴҪۿöƽڲϲ⡣
ˣһ£ˡͻȻһӣźңȥ
ڲʱڡվں˭˵ģ
кһ̨̣ˣһʲ֪˾۾ӵزţ˲ءߣһ䣬ɶ񣡡
̨ԴӲܣüһȨҪһɸߺܶ࣬ûͿϽô
һọ́ȺΪĸ̳ԶǹӶӣ֮ӵ߶ܰż̤áȻ̨̻ӪģΪҲһҵۺ
ÿһ嶼̨һǮ֮нΪһֿƷʼΪߵʯҪˮԵǱ̨Ҳ˼Ϊӻ춼ںأⱻַһ̬
ҿʼҲţȥ̨Ҫô¡ӴһҪ⣬һ֮ΨֲҪͿ͡
ɫڳһС˵֣飬һ·͸ô¡
ӤӤͬʣô˵
̨ӣǴ򲻹̨ҵѾԶԶ׵߽ϡ̨Ҳͼ׵ˣա
򲻹
ȷʵһʵ⡣
Ȼ߽ϵһ㶼ǱֱġȼԽԽҲߵ첶ɱ϶֪вĵΪ߽ҪôĨϢΪˣо֮УҪôֳ˲̤ĵطҵʵڲࡣ
̨طԴǳս֮Ԫˣڲ顣̨ȴҪӣԲһ߽׵ȥˡ
Ƴһۣ׳һ⣺Ȼ̨˶֪Լ򲻹һҩޣôԼùأ
ͷüۼȫŮĵƤⲻǻдʦ˼
ˣȱġ
ӦûϡЦˣתӤӤӤӤ㿴ô
ϰӤӤר飬ûע⵽˵ǰԣһ䣺
֪㣡
˵ţЦˤ˳ȥ
Ϩ˵ơ
ӤӤߣͷϣ˿ϢҪ˯֮ʱٿ֣ˮһֱ۲ס
˯ʱ򱧶±ϰˡ
˯ŵʲô
Ҫʱȴоסĸ첲ι̶ֻܱơ
弫ů
ֱۻסϸָ֫㴹Сϣϰ䣬һ㱡ļ⸲ǣɴȥȴǼΪ
ָʶʵġ
㱼䣬ӤӤӺȥԺһǡ
ѩء
ֻһҹעˡ

峿ӤӤ˼װǰһ˾۾ӵء
Ӧˣһ˴Ӧϳ֣ͻҪҩģϵҩľųɶ˴ɼġ
ʡǮҲζʡǮ
ȴ뻹ûߵ۾ӵأۼһѩɫӰڽʯ֮ϡ
Ǳˣ衣
ˣʵЩʶرܣ֪軨࣬취֮ʲôϵĴԡʵӦ̫
Ȼ豳ǣǰˮɫ齣̨ڱˮˮһὣΪˮߡˮԪسĵطܷӳʮɵ
ŶˮȣҪʲôԶ
ҪԸĻҿֱӴ̨˰ߣʲôѱԲΪѡ
ӤӤƼ¶ɫߵ
һʱ濼һҪҪˣҹһٿӤӤһ·˵ЦмӣԼ桭
ˣȥ˵˵ͺáƬ̣
㡣ӤӤʶסֱۣȥӽ衣
óⷽĹϵӽɾһֻ̽ѵӡӤӤȥ
ΣԼ˽ΨһԲܵԭ


70 
쵽ӤӤץסֱ, ԼӦʲôվûȷϡ
ͨ˾۾ӵؾһС·վС·ԵĽʯ, , Ӷѡ
㡣û뵽ʲôȫ֮, ͼˣ齣, СŮˮóˣһ֮֮ΣգλûǱȥΪá

ĻȻ迨ס, Ӳ˻ȥץӤӤ֣Ϊ, ƺû֮·ϣ쿴Ӳ, СŮӻȥ˷ҽ, Ū˸ӣͨҽĿˡߵüûȻȥôȥ
֪֪֪ҽҩǲпӵȨġ
ĵɫơ
αҭסˡ
ӤӤûԼ, Կ˿
ҪҪǸɴֱӰŪˡ
ɾʱ, ԶȻ˷ӿһ¥ʱεض, ü˵ʱֹͣ˿ڽǣǸȥ
˲͵Ļ, Ȼ
һǾǱ, ȴﴳԼĲµĻþ, ֱӴ˵ȻǶʵ൱š
Ӧ׵߽׵Ϊܿ³жϡ
׵߽׷֮Ѿ㲻͵ˣŵ֮иңɼĴڣ䳤к绽꣬ȴóֻ֮һλΪܿģ߽׵޻ʡ
ֻ޻ʵ߽ΪˮĴ󣬼˵ȫƾһ޻Ŵﵽ߽ס
Ҫ֪޻һöӽŽ׵ı
Ž׵ıĲŽ߽ףɼһϣʵ䡣
ӤӤҡϡ
Ѿ٣ʱ߷ȫ
ӤӤûӰ಻ӰʲôóǾͬ·ӡ
ӤӤҲԼľǶٽףֻȫסӦ׳ε۷֮䡣ϾһߵľΪҪ½һΡ
λÿȥǽޣ֪Ϊβ齣ЯƳһӤӤɵʡ
תҲӤӤСʦԼΪģҪֺȺӤӤ׽ϵȽϺá
Ǵǹ۹⣬δϼϴ¡ƵӤӤԼ͡
ʵˣЯӰԭһ齣
һ㶼齣ˣΪ˵óɫ齣һͷѪʱ̬ȼǫ齣һԸܾ
ӤӤͬ齣벻޵ķۡ
ǣ齣ȿֺҪΪһⶼԶ˳
õӰһѣܷŵߴѵϵ齣ȴӤӤһȥ
֮ǰҲʹѩΪʲôˣѩֻǳ̾һ˵⣬һ齣ܲʹֻлԵ񽣲ʸɡ
Ȼ⻰ǲ˵ģʵóȻֱ˵Ҳҫɡ
ԭļƻǹ۹⣬ڨڨһЦ⻰ɵΡϾ֮ҹ׻̨ܡ
˳¥֮ȥɰ˽׵ǰ·ӤӤһֱž⻷̽飬ߵһ޴ʯԣͬʱͣ˽Ų
ı׾֮С򵥵˵һ䡣
ν׾ĻþҲǰһͥ¥
˵رɸߣһһ·öʵԽԽܷ֡¥ʼһ㵭Χ߽硣
ǰв岽ͻ׾֮С
ҪЩ׾סˣΨһķǽ׾ҵıԻɱ
ûǲҪ׾ӤӤɵúһ䡣
Ȼһв赽Ҳ֮ˣ޵֮˲ҪϾֲ޵Եе˽˽鷴Ǻ¡
ЩǴģӤӤҲ⡣ӤӤ뿴ȥλԼ
Ҳһ֡ʩˡ
費ţΪʲô
óģﱡĵطھΪǷȱӤӤ͵
ֱӵƲóĵ㣬ǰЩ߷ߣȻԸϣȻ̨ܣСŮӿɲ̰֮
˵ţһ˦ӣԼȽ׾
ӤӤЦһֻǻûü˵Щʲôʱ׾߽ȴ͵ر䶯˿ûǷӦһ޿ڽ˽ȥ
׾ĸоǴһŨŨˮʧظкκβʣȻ۾ʱˬˮմʪļ
ֻһͬ׾ӤӤܣԼֻһСůӴֽк֣ɹڽ׵ıϣ䶼͵ů⡣
ģ
ӦĻþô
һʱӤӤҲ֪Լηƿϵıӷȴڴʱ洫ĸOO@@
Ѱ߳ȥֻһӣΧűߴߴʳļǷַҰˡ
ӤӤˣЦţʦͽȥ׽ҪŻ
ӤӤͷЩۣԼ̫ѨȷǰЩųʣôˣǲǸղ
ǶǰˡӤӤǲμʱˣ̧ĶͷѾס˺üˣ㿴ȺǵʱС̣Ѿôˡ
ӤӤͷһȺĸΧǽ£ʶһͷ฽ţеСҲų˹ѧŸĸʳ
Χһ԰ϢСԺשǽΪ࣬ſһôϽ˲ɫС棬Բɰϲ
ԺС֮ĹϹ̺ģδлĻдȥ޵ĸǽϣͬɫɫʶԱΪԡ
ݶſһֻ껨èĿעԼ껨èش˸Ƿ鲻Ըشݶߵűߴ˸øոջΧǵļȺɢӡ
ŽոȥˣҶҲ㡣ţ껨è껨èԵ£Ǳд˺ࡣ
СŽ
԰֮֡ǰ˵нţ͵ߵֽŽˡɻʣӤӤôˣ˯Ϳˣ
е㣬˯ӻӤӤ˳˼껨è˿̫һʱ䣬ʣ緹Ļʹʦô
ǡͺáЦţҽϴһĢɽĢˡ
ӤӤߵ̨ԣ̨ػˮͷ΢΢һ
ָϢһ͡
ԽŹףŨܿðཹཱུݣһʱŨ硣
ӤӤɫ˰
ǡ
תͷӤӤңʱȴȫ˵һŻӤӤðദ
ƣƤ⿾˵ϡһ˫۾ɵúܴɲŵؿӤӤķ
Ǹ
ӤӤ桰۾ȴܿƶͬʱǰ
ӤӤվںϣϸɳڽ£ۿȥԶһֱײ͸ݣԼܿÿһ涼һӰ
ݡ


71 
֮һ, ȥ˱Ϊ֯ɵĻþ֮УԼ, ͬѪΪһɡ
ֻݲܱ, ݱǿд, ȻὫɣ˵ĻǻԶ֯ξ֮С
ʱһġ
, ֻеȡ
ٿؾѡ
䴹㣬ƽ̨ļ֮ϡ
Ż̨֮, ҲĸλԱĸףλǺͼĵܵá
輧Ů, æͣϸ, ɢԵ볡
, 㶼֪ϵʡ
Ů֪룬ͷش
ΪѹĸΪ˴μ٣ҪãȴԶֻǻӻ, һ, Ծ֮ʱȴ谮ϲ
ϲС, ѾзˡЦ⣬Ǿŵĳ, ǱʹС, վҪš
ףŵˣ
ɫ΢, ץԼڣû
źɲͬǽԦУͬͬסĬֻèЩë׵ĵãʨϻܽܣɾŵȴǴΪǳӣԼһǧһ뵽ɭɭͫͱƬ費ɵû
ԶױѾ׼ˣʱϲʲôӵļ£ϵһ׾ǡ쳣ҪƸʱǼ飬Ҳպȥһ
ȻòòԭӿΣҲݡҳǾڶһ޹ȥˣҲûݡ
ֻǴ׮ȷõˡһڵĴС㵽һẉ̂ȴԸ
ŮǼˣÿձ㱻ٳסˣٹŮӣûʱС
ŮڳӡһƬУԶǰᣬ븸װŮؾ£ǸײԸŮȥ˵
ϣ
ԶһˤƱƱϣӲҳһƬۣ࣬ĸһ촽⶯ϣȴ׷һƬǲӬȫȻ˵ʲô
ƺڸ֮ǰҲĳ
ŮѾ֮ˣΪԸޡʱôشģûǸˣǽֱ˳ӣ
ֵסԶԶĻǸˣܿ˳Ӻ֮ס
ԶԴ˻ԼҲҪ㵽֡
ʱ˿Ȼδӣκḻ˼ĳԶǰΩΩФȫƭ˸ĸһ
ֱŴѰϣ
ַ·˷ڱѩ֮е棬ݷĻҪ޶ˡ
нǵʣоǧ֮ıѩ䵭ֿư˸Ӵŵȴںϵǡô
˵ǲܵġ
һǿƵŮӴֶϲһЩĹڸԼķâѧżǷ̸ʱСӽ
ҲͿģվǿˣûжġ
Ҫ£һתۣѾִ
ĶʲôνôǸֻ֮нģøױ⽫κǸߡ
ڵǸ
һͻȻͨ
ִһֱֻһ׮׮ԼĽڣֻԼ
ԼǱ㲻ҪǣˣǶ˵أǶԼء
ۣą́һдǰʧŶˮԳٲġСŮӡġҡ

һ֮С
۾
һľ۾֮ء
һȻŵ˼䣬ֻѾãڳǰ¶ԼΪһѡ
ʱѣڱĸױˮͤ￴
Ҷˮ棬һԲҶܳţïʢɫɫˮţеСɲһе󵽼վ衣ĸױ̾һ
ĸʲôô̲סʡ
һֻѣ˫͵Ĳʹ⣬һϣܿջĿ⣬ĸס
ĸײڿԼЦЦҡҡͷֻЦǿ
ˮͤͨһѵľͬլԺʱһһģһŮ˳ľܵͤ
ץһֻѣ˳͵ǰĸ׽㿴
ѳϽһ㱡֮ǰҪâãĸ΢ˡ
ץòһģһŮ֣̽侭ɫ䡣
ҵ˫̥
һ䣬һкͱ˫ӽһǰδеĽ
ôϢ帮һæҡ
ȷһҵĴߣӣͬһµ˫̥ãδκ
ֱ죬ͻȻľѡ
˫Ůһ˺ҵһǧѼһεĹ
ƫƫ˲˫˴˼䶼һԼһ΢㹻Ĵ⡣
µҲֻ취һļ̾Ϣһ취Ůֻһǳ֮ǰ˫
⻰ĵͷһӡס˫̥õ֣
һ취أ
ӡһһطܽһӡȻӡʱǷӡǰĹ䡣ӡ֮ʱҲֹͣҲƭϲԣ˫סܴܲӡ֮ѣͿԼ컯ˡ
Ŀ֮䣬ǻǿ˫Ůĸףˣѡɡ
ǰ֣ƺĳЩģļƬغһ
һĴʶ𣬹ԼƬӿ֮ǰģΪֻԼС˵ļ䣬ʵǱһļӡġ
ʱôشģ
Ůǵĸ޷񣬲࣬ͬ嶼ˣ׷׶ԺǰҪ󽻳һŮɱӡ꼰ȫ塣
ɱôΪһĸôۿŮȥ
ӡĻһķӡǽȻʱ䣬Ūʱ䱾ΥĴڡܴӷӡ֮лѳ֮Ҳ˶ûʹΪˡ
ĸ׶ȫ˵ָáĴѪʸ֮ģľٱֱһߣ赲һͬŶ룬վѱûõСŮߡ
СŮǰױӦָƽʢװϴһʱֻĸ׸߸ڷ֮ϣɫҷأȴ£־Ķǵľ
ĸˣ಻ӰȻС֪ʲôæȥҼ
ӡҰɣá
ֻ˵ʮ֣̾Ϣһ̧ԶĺƺƵӿˣֻһͷбŵǿҪá
ˣںһΪС۵ϲޱҲ֣µˣȻ
䲻ʲôȿѵʥͣҲ֪ǲĵ֪ĳ˭ǣοཫһϣ
ˬʴЦЦд˼ֳͷЦתΪһ䣬úӣίˡ
бӡʮ֮ͻ˺áԸ⣬ʮбɣĵطҲա
ȱ˵ͷ
֮˷ӡ֮Ѿȫǵǰ£Ҳ˻˸λá
Ǹѱãĸ˫ԸļҲĨȥ˴ڣͬͷӡҲ˻ȥ
֮Ǳ㲻˫ӣǽ㣬á
Ҳûƭǵվɲ⡣Ļı
˼£ȻĨһˮ֪Ҫʲô
˳˲Ϊ𡱣ɲ֪ûԭͲˡ
಻Ƿ֮е˽
һ˾֣֮һʷȵĻҪôܺЩᲢۣ
һذױǰġ˶
ӦĶȤζˡ
룬ֻҪΪԼܻȥһذɱãԶþ
ƫ
ǰһذףĿ֮£ذ״̴Լؿڡ


72 
֮Ѳ¡
ѾһȦҲûҵʲô, ֻûߵȣҲ֪˶ãŷݽѡ
ȳ, Ȼ
ӤӤ̧˴֮аȻ, ˿, 㿴ʲô
һЩͯʱ顣ǿЦЦûнӿֳļ˵, ܿת˻⣬أ
ܸоʵڹ棬ļǱ˷ӡ, ʱ˾ʹڰ˽۷壬гŽ׶ɽڵʵ
˼µķӡȻܱݽ⿪
ңҿȵ֮뿪ڹ԰뵽֮, ӤӤһЦ, ⶼڼʮ, ֻûʦ㡣
Ψû㵽Լһ鴤Ϊڵݣ
ȻܿͿ
Ц¶ȽҪ˵˵ôƵģɱô
ӤӤȻô֪
ܺ, ˡ
Ҳ֪ڼݵĳһӰ֮λθо
֪ڲȥڵ, ŶˮȥѰ
˾üֵĵ㲢ֹ, ׾֮Ѱı壬ݷ򵥵һء
ӤӤȥ, æȥȻһ, ר, ©
λòˣ׾Ī⣬ҳ򽻵Ҫ˽Щ׾֮УλӦʡǡĬƬ̣Ҫ̽ӤӤ
׾֮ǰλʦ΢һЩĶʼɡһѣֻܽΪһִѿ
ӵܵĻԼ֮ûûҹС۷Ҳ̨֮ߵģõ˶ˮϿɡ
ʵлǶһмġ
ʵΨһķȨûʵҲûκεȨ֮󲻾һ㡣
ڵ֮дУŲԼݣ˼˼ˡ
ӤӤ档
ӤӤϻĬǲ֪ʲôԼˣҲֱӿʣֻںš
һʵ಻ͣڵ֮ǰʮˮƽͰȻ˸費˶ˮƣⲻ֪õ񽣵Ͽ̸ףʹˮȻı¡
ӤӤıӰ÷ŷӦԳƺڸոձˡ
ԳһѸı䣬شıʲľı仯ո֮УҲʲô˵顣
ٶѲһȦɲ˿
δЩ꣬ץŶˮһҪһ
ﲢûݣҲûӦе㡣
һӤӤ
ûһֿܣͲڵ

ڴԣһϮϲ£סߣܿϲǴŵĽɫա
ԼѾʱˡ
ڵޱԼ֮µĻɵδȥͷ
ڵķǰջ鷿õģĻ죬ˮһϲң
֮ý˱˫ɵķˣ幤һһ幤ľɣ֯͵ĻƻԻޱȣһҡҷŵͬĹԡ
Ŵ켪ͷϵĽ׹ˣö޵Щ꣬ζԼΪٻٷģվҲô׸ࡣ
ȥԼϵ·̬аЦ
аվаôܼķˣϵɲǿڶഫͼĻ
ʲǧ֮һ
ֵƬ̣ʼղ˭ƱյｻԼһһĵϲһ
ǵСʱѩɽμӹһλ磬ʱҲڣĻ֡
Ҫ֮Ľֵöࡣ
ûҪȥΪ֮ųȥȥ֮ͬķ䣬ѭ
νȢмޱȢ
Ψһƾ֮䣬һλҪӭȢ˵ĵ
תʮǰ
ʱССûʽÿõСԺȥ׷׷ɵĻ
ʱڲſû꣬ûΪʮ֮һѩæڴڸ񣬻ҪμһЩ֮Ӧꡣ
ôμӹΨһһ磬ʱ
ЦرԼϥϣ̫С֡ϡǵǽ£ʽɺá
¼ϻĻһӿĻϲһ˫ԧ¼ͬɾõĶʻ
Χһ˫˹أӹԲȸɹЦһš
˰죬ŽͰ͵һ䣬ʽδ̫֣һѾˡ
ֻˣ֮£˭أǳǳЦʡ
һΪʦΪ룬̧ͷʣʦʦô
ѩ⣬أʲôЦ
˼ʦոͽܣʱҺʦͽܽͺˡ 
ѩһԣʯ쾪ķԣ̲סЦðСѾͷˮǰɣ
̻޿֣ѩգգ۾
ô
㰡ҪɴൽʱʦСʦãΪʦʦϼף㿴ɺã
ʱС֪ߣԺãˣ˵ݲؽҪһȽݻ󻹴ӣغˣñ͵ߡ
ͯ޼ɣѩӶЦ˻Ҳͷƪٲ
̵ĺǰȴԹ̵ԹѩĹעСʱ˽֪ȥ뾿˭̣־˭Ƶѩ𲻵òյֿڤˮ֦ѡ
ڶˣѩûжӤӤֺѩǽӤӤųЩùķ֮⡣Ҳġ
ӤӤӣһԾսã׷öħܱڱӦú̺ʷ֮УͷֻƬĺۼⶼһ˲ġͱӤӤ׷Щص׮׮Եϡѩ㱨ʱ̲ס棬̾ӤӤֱ
ֱֹӤӤĵ伮ʱӤӤԱߣӤӤĺصıʷӤӤƣſ˯˹ȥӤӤҹٲ˯Ц˯ţ緭ʱ䡣
ĻĻǰ
ʵӤӤϲôġ
ɱĸĳˣ޷ӤӤԡֻӤӤ´Ų׼ȥ
кˣͬӤӤ̹Ȼ׺ˡ
ٿأźƺ˽ŲæᴲߣǺϲ˵
֨ѽһſˣŲԽԽԽܿһӰ쿿ǰվһ˫ɫϲЬܽԧϪˮЬ׺һա
ӰӵĽӽԸоЩ΢ŨЩֻϡӦڸǹģܹڵΣй¶Щ
ϲЬжϣһŮӴˡ
һŮ
аЦ͵ֱ׽áתһ룬뿴ûʱ򾿾ʲôӣվסԼ֣ö˶˵ؼϥϡ
ϲ̧ͷȻ
üԶɽ쵤ʢױͬⶌټΪ䣬Խޣƫµλãһű۵С뱻ɫԽıˡ
ȫӤӤʢױģڸһϤĲ԰޵ûһʢŵĺ÷
ָ͵ؽһöĳܿ׻˵ѹֱͣӲĲ


73 
ȻѾ, ȴ˿η壬Խ˹ǣЦƻ
Ѫˮ˳ϵѪ, մȾŴɫļ, , ûвϵѪǽѪֱץȥ
һ, ָסָ׳ҷָ磬ֱеһͷ
һĲ¶ǰ, һ˦䣬µĲһ˲ס۾߱, ΢֮ʱ, С
һ, ܷ˷£ƽֻ˲Ϣ֮˽»ڡ֮ϾǱ룬һ֮Ҳмܡ
˵˻ûӣ˾Ͳô
ȫǣﲻ, Ҫ
а, ֮ǰֵֱӵͷܻ, ֻҪһ뺣˭ҲҵƫƫǷ, ջʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ˷, ˵ʲôŽ, ǲܰɣ
ӴǰҲȫð
ңһԷҲ·硣
߶֣߱Ȼûһ
׹һʱоһӿڣΪһС磬ͷһϲһ뷨ȻԾͷ
׾֮ˣҲˡ

һʱ׾֮еȻǣݴΣոմ֮߹һģһЩݱجεĸԴ
ֳֶˮΪγ˸ԲȦ˼ҪµϤ顣
ûɿҲӿݣۿɼٶݶǽǿҵǣȲҪǾС
ӤӤδ彣Ĳ಻ѷ֮ʱǵѩڽ̵ʱ򣬺ֱ׵ظʲôʱ򣬶ԹȫڽЩ
ͨﵼֶڳѧߡҪɣЩֻƾһ˫֣Ҳܴ֮ɱѪ·
ʱڵϵµݣҲԹۣӤӤʢţһΧһȦðݳ㿾ɺԡ
Ļ治ɱӰ쵽衣оԼˮҪӤӤֱɣ˶˵ܡ
ֻ˵Ǵ˵֮еٿǰĸףҲǰǺպӵߡ
ֻҺǵΪ໹в٣ȻоԼҪӤӤ߿һˮòˡ
׾ĶȻǣָΪֱӵĵһӦ
Ļ֣һǿͻơ
ӤӤвԤԽǿңδ͸֧ɫȴȫʧѪɫĿʹԽҡ
͸֧֮£ħٶȳ롣
׵Ϊ߽ͬ׵ȥԶֻһҪʹȫȥ⡣
һȫʩΪɱǣơ
ӤӤ״ı仯Ȳһ㣬æߵסӤӤɫ䣺
ӤӤͣ
֣ӤӤ֣Ҫ
ӤӤȴȻͷʹάŻȦ롣о֮ǹɵѪ
ڵů֫ٺħ࿹
ӤӤԳܣ͵ǰ㣬³һѪѪ֮ϣޡ
ÿҪ޳ˣסӤӤ
ӤӤͣ£ˣ
ܸоӤӤǰոձӺõѾֳֻҪ»ٶȶѡ
̾˿
ھǣʲôΪġ
Ϊ򽻵׾֮еıζʲôζΪʱӿֵմȾġⲻѰֻԼִУִͨ
ǣȥǱһӶˡ
ȻĶˮնݣܸˮܿƵֻµࡣ
ɿöˮȦһȦֵݾնƣԴΪӤӤֵѹ
ʱ侲һӤӤϡ
ʱַֻܱ飬ܰϵæ΢΢

ħε㣬ĥ嶯һǿħħԶշƵô
׾֮ϵƶˣһͬһŮӲ
ǺŮǳ
ʵǻһϸʮ֮ߣٲȻѾ֤Բ֮
ɢϢȻΣգǸ̹ݡ
ϢжϣΪƺһЩ
Ǵ˲ϲĵطˣ˻һۣڷѪļ֮°ѿ˿ŽȥԽǳžɶ˿ںϵԽԽòĴѹִ˲ϲ㡣
Ū΢̧۽ޣȻҼǣЩ£ҵĿ֮ǰͿϲ̸ֻغ֮ҲŻҲ㣬Ҫֵóġ
ɫƣ㾹Ȼֱ䣡
кβңո¶ͷʱ򣬳һ֮ʱģڽǰģ˭֪ڳ
һ㡱ѭ˵ĽзУĶЩ̡
㣡
뷢ʱȴһߣ㣬㣬Ҵǡ
Ǹ꣬ɫĪ棬һŵݸ˳
ݣһƳһۣȻЦúӣȥתǴˣ˵֪ˡ
ʩһˡ
ƺͳԱȴ޻˵ӣ֪ţҪͷˡΪͷλûһԼô죿
гԼ֣ŭĵڣƳǱǿסԼֻõҲ˴˵뷨Ҵ֮ǰȡ˿֪
ڳȥˡȻֻΪ޻飬ͿԻȥˡ̰Ĳ㣬ɲ˶ܻܲҲรˡ
֮еһӣչգͨԲ󣬹ʶĿתžŲԡ
ѳɣ޻Ҵȥһһ
Զһ𽥱ƽϸʱƲƣһֻ𽣬ȥ֮һӰ
ö޻飺ָһжȲҪ£´˾Ҫѱǣ
ºˡûһۣԽԽƽİ𽣬ֻͽܼ֮Ӻӣܲܰ˶ιͲһˡ
ߣֻгĵþŽǿѪ㣬ζӦò̫ɣ


74 
ΪѲ
ľ䲻·, ϾţǸомֹ졣
ֹ˵ģЩʽǺĽ, ûʲôĵطݺһʶ, ƺ֮Ŀռ䷢˱䶯
֮ľ, ľ룬ǻ쳤ѹŤ, еĲľ롣
ӦþжǸСſռŤˡ
ƺҲǴʱΪһ˲İθߣǽ
ͨһ, Ӧԣˡ
Է˹ƣһζ, Ϊ߲, , ָĦ̶мЩݺץһѪ⡣
㿴ȫĶô
ΪԼʤȯգϷŪһ˼Ƶǽ, ʡ
һ˲, ȻоһֵֺĿնкתдͷ๾ӼϹ
ͷ­˲, ֮ѡ
ϵķҲһϮ뾳֮ǰĵۡ
ѵͬʱͷӴӵϼԼͷ, һ, ˴ͷʧǰ
֮ȥ, Ҳ˲Сˡ
ƹأ׾顣
˲ϸոձƵѪ׷ȥȴ͵ظ֪ӤӤڵĲ
ϹȥʱӤӤ豧ţϢ٣ǰһĨɫʹ۾
ɡ
軳нӹӤӤʱ޳Ӳָ˵ʲôΪ
ӤӤ˽µģأ
һжⷺһϸϸܵʼɵǣתΪŭ
һжӤӤϧԼԹ֮ǰûϧԼˣӹǣһֻҪڲڵļơ
֮ǰһöħ
öħܺˣƩһؾ֮еӤӤҲ޷˵ȥô
ֻ룬OO@@˷Ƿ׷״֮ѳ
ϳ裬϶˴ǽǴ׾֮оȳߣ׷ΧŸжѡ
ϲӦĳ㽫ƺȫи衣Ҳû磬аһ
ҲŻȥ账µ׻Ҳϲˡϵ
ڳֻ̨ιȫԼȥڵҲҪڳΪá
Ҳòˡ
ӤӤصջ
ιӤӤԼѪһĨɫȥȥӤӤ´
Ůˣһԡûôɥ׵µġ
Ʃջһ¥ŮԡвŮһ裬̹һ̸˵غòա
ӤӤƺľٶٿץˡ
ֵطҪúϴϴӤӤ֣Ҫ㲻ϴҸӺˣˬЩ
ӤӤȻͷС
Һú¡
׾֮ǵҪɵݣȻоգ־ĶǻǶ
ӤӤͷʹǹֹסӿ
ķӦģӤӤĺ󱳣ѪϤ³öµؿڱܡ
ʵѵӤӤϧԼ飬ӤӤܣҲһʱӤӤ˵Ҳ١
մѪӷһԣˮ£ӤӤ·ˮԼ編ԡء
ӤӤѣ־裬Ҫʲôȣ뱧ӤӤϴǡ
һ÷ģǵӤӤϲáӤӤʼձ۾ë΢ţһеĵ
ôԼڵʡ
Ǳ۾ģȻӤӤСʱҲӤӤϴ裬κʱӤӤδ㣬Ҳʲô
ȫչǰһ仨뿪£ټܻǹҵߣǱΧŰһţҲѲ
оԼֱָڱץס
ÿζ÷Ѫнϴ޸ƱһַѪܷѪ߱ޱȿ󽫿
ѪҲһӤӤϣ˲·͸ˮ
㣬ʱҪǱˣ߲ݡ
ӤӤɿֱ֣ۻһޱơ۾Ϊ߳ܵҿ
ʱ룬Ҫ߲Ҿ͡
챻סʣµĻӲ˺
ЦôΪѾ˰˽ףôܱɱģʵҲ߽׳ͷǱӳҲ߽жΣô׾ɱ
ֻӤӤ⻰̿һػ᲻˵
̲סؾ֮УӤӤǰһħ
ŮУϢ٣Ů˼Цڶϻ죬ЦŮνġĽ
ǣˡ
Ҳֻ̾һ
ĻԺǱ˵ˡ
ˮ΢
ˮţἤЩˮˮ΢м壬ǽδϵճ
ʣҲ
Խܹĵһ˿ء
÷䵽ˮУˮ˼ڷ䣬ˮЩ΢ˮԡ̻֮
ָʶĦӤӤӣһ·ơӤӤļỬоԼϵ·ƺҲ˲١
㡣
ӤӤһٿɿ֣ԡ֮еȥۿӤӤҪ˶ûԡ֮Уæ˳ԡ
һڣӤӤԽȥˮһǻһ
ͷһİĺΪǿϤΪˮԡصˮӤӤ۾÷ֻƯƯУҲʲôŵ㡣
һֱǰƯȥվƯԼĺ塣

ˮݵþˣҲŻģӤӤ۶ϵˮ·
Ǵ̫·ոմһ룬Żû׺ӵһУǿ̧̧۽ޣҲ˯ֱۣ˻ȥ
ִƹȥסͬʱҲʵعȥһֽצƵϡ
ӤӤоѾⱲӵϱλȫֿˡ
ˣλôϱŰأ
˼˺á
ͬ׽ƺһ¡


75 
һʱǰ֮, ȻĿıͼķ֮壬֮Ž˼ǡ޷ϡ
뿴ӤӤǰʱ򣬺ɴҡҷ֮µľ绪, 㹻캶ҡ
Ӳžˮ, ҲԼϲŭ, ʵ˵ܽ, ϽܷȥԽŨ㡣
һ֮ǰһ篺ȹ跨ӤӤӤӤȹɫ, ˪ѩ̧𣬽һ֦÷޼ʱͷһ㼤Ѿ¶ͷ
·û, ˯, ˡ
ӤӤ, ȴûнԼƿȻƿӤӤ˵ײ飬ȴ᲻á
㣬Ҳô
Ȼô˵ӤӤǷ, İڲ
ֱ, 㽫Ӻö˶˵شϣϵʱ, ӤӤһͷУЦһ
ŮЦ峺, 峺, ˳żĽӴĵ, ˸
ټӤӤЦûȴǻЦʵӤӤôŮдգӤӤ߹ôʱѾ㴿Ů
ЦʲôӤӤͷ࣬ɢһͷ˿߰㡣
ֻЦôӤӤ̧̧ͷйͷϣҪ㲻ϲҲЦǡ
һԲˣղڴϷʱֱȥ¶һӨĺ
ʵҪܹ̽ܲӵģֻƬ̺һûȴҲû
תתԴȥʲôֻʲô
ӤӤãŪо˵Ŀּװ˯
һѩĵСʱ˯ûôʵ˷ôë̲סҪӤӤӤӤþˮһŤŲƣÿһ¶ԤһĶ
ҪٲҾͲˡвš
һŮܵĶһɲܿ챻ģסҲˡӤӤ·˻ȥ̿ӸϣȴŮʱһţɫԴʹ࣬ƿ֣˼ˣѹţؿƵ
֪ڡӤӤļ磬뿿ԼУţ˼֣˵ɣ׾֮иʲô°ԼŪӡ
֪ԼܲסӤӤӤӤҪȥҲãӤӤȥҲǺõģһϯ㲻ò˵ˡ
ֻʱȴӤӤᷴһ䣺
ٷԿаΪʲôأ
һ仰ûһĻֱӴ̥С
ⲻô
ӤӤЦһͷչȥᳯĶһڡװرܣ˫ȴץġ
仰׼ŭ
ڤˮǰΪԼԼ֪֪ŪŶ󣬾͸ôȷڤˮǰһЧڤˮ֦ҽߣй٣
ŭţٷôĻǶӤӤʵ̲סˡ
ӤӤĺӡӤӤʲôڴûнڵһλĹأԶԼİȫڵһλҪԺסڽҺˣʶһٳ
㡭
ӤӤ˸Ȼ㣬ȴһɴֱӳķ˹ȥ§뻳У
Ҫˣô죿
Լʵ̫ԣֲһ䣬ȴãʦô죿˼ϲ㡣
ǡ
ӤӤҪ뱣оʱ򲢲ʱ
⣬͵͵˾䣺Ҳˡ
ʵҲȷԼ´λ᲻ᡣ
մȾĺۼʵ̫ˡ

ȥһˣŮָȼɫĻ棬˫һ˫ӣͫ׶ҵ
һɫСָ߲⣬ͨ徧Ө͸С߿˳˻˻оӡ
ǣˡЩί
ˣСƢˡǸġ˻֣ɫС߻һ⣬˳ϡ
ܳɫһϲȴֲˣҪΪʲôС˵Ȳ֮£죬Թ֪ôȡЦҵġ
֮ˣǰдЩոָĻ𣬡ڵǰ֪һǲ˫೸⣬ֻҪһһԶΪ
վǴҪһȥɱˡ
𼱡ҡҡͷεʲôʱСһˣɱԣĻԺ̽СͲȥˣСĺˡ
ΣȥǴ˵˼
ҪҪħͷ˽Сͬħ˶вǳľ׶ħҲᣬ˽ǿơ
ӵϼһڿ֦ǵĿģǶԸȺظ֪֮ˣǡ
֦ҡҡֱָϷ֪ⲢָɽǶ֮ϣԶԴĵط
һεȴŵ졣

ûз֣̫Ծ
ӤӤиϰߣϢҲ⣬ڴϣźķԶĺƽ˾ǳ֮еӳյƶ䡣
׾֮е֣ͻȻľò»ֵݣɲʱ֮ΪµԭĲˮƽҲʧ֣֮
ʵӤӤûһֱʧȥʶĸ֪ʼʱʱһḶ́ʶΪı䶯Խ޷⡣
ûʲôҩʱΪȻֵȥģҪˣ¾Ҫˡ
ҵ֪ԭ򡣡֮ǰͬĽ֣ʱյĹֶΣ̾ӤӤô
ϣ
ӤӤɴ۾ȻʣҲؿڿ˺һһı˳һߵ
Ӧһϵķң˺ͷһ壬ɷΪĶһҡ串𣬵Ƶķ˵м䣬á
ӤӤϢòƽҵĿŪۼˣᴭţͷǷˣ
ǧ֮ǰϣֻҪ΢ܹһ߶֪ĳʶֻ˵һˮƽ߳Ϊͼߵʱգϲԡ˴ŭ併񷣡˺ϱ㳹ʧʷ֮С
ͷˡ
˵ϵķƷߣȥоȴ
ʱ̽ͷҲ˹ճ˵ֻۣѵһͷûһȥһСﱻѵ֮󻹸һĵƤӡ
˵ôܴ򲻹ϵڻ㰵ʾҲ˵֮ʵ

ӤӤ࣬ҺյòѪҲ࣬΢Ūͻˡ
ӤӤľٶֻ̾һ׼ֻأҪˣԺңֻ̨ҲӦ
Ҳ߽׵Ϊƫƫˮ̨Ϊߵһˮͬ£ͽױ߽׿Ƶ
ֻû˵ʲôӣֱϻֻϸǳ˺ۣȻϵòϸ˿µİ׺ۻҪƤһЩ
֪ڿʲôҪַӣ󶼱߬ţá
֮ǰʱַ˯ʡʵĲ֢ҲЩָ˳˺۵һ·ȥͣľͷЩˣҲӦȥ˲źá
ʣ˰̾Ͳ׺ãֲǲ֪ӤӤЦЦһֻ֣ƿԼڣһǰǴ˿ϸҲܿȻϵúܿ죬³ĻǺϵĲ̫һƤĺۼûʲôӰ졣
ӤӤ֣½ڵ̿ϵãôĹˣ𶯲·˿˲á
ֲЩˡӤӤ˴ӣͷٿһ£̧ͷһ˫֪ķۣĪԱȴˣʲôǷ֮룿


76 
һʵĽǶʵڵ, Ƭ̣֪λش𣬶ӤӤס, ĵǲδй, ű٩ҡ
Щӫ, æɫͻˣ㡣
µ帧Ūƽ, תΪ֣أֽⲦΪ졪
ҪҪ׷ɱס
һתֱӽҪ˵ȴ֪οڵĻѹ棬Ȼ, ȴҲңûһ㴰ֽ
ʱƱֱӿϲҪõöࡣ
ɱɱվҪ̨˼, ӤӤ, ˺岢ͬ, 棬ʼղվͬǶ˼
֮⣬࣬ı졣˱Խɡǽ׸, ޺֮ǡ
ֻ»˺Ұ, һɿơ
̨ʢЩҲȫ֮, ȸһʱ䣬, ̨ĵ˴, ߵ˵γǴ֮
ʼʱֻ̨Χſͳ, Ͼ̨һȥ磬ΧԱȶҲ⡣Ǻ㣬̨ڵӣɱһҵĵϵԱڵ𵤡ʱ̨ϵʱֻԼֶõʬں߽ʯϱɹ²壬𵤲ɣѪⲻʣ٣¶Ĺͷ϶˺ҧۼ
Ϊˣ̨ս޻˲ʿӵܵ𵤣ʵͻͽѾﵽŽˮ׼
һսʱ̨Χĺ򶼱ѪȾѪ죬͵ʬʬѼӬվ̨ʤһ˽ǡ
ƽһֱҲû粨¶ˡ
ӤӤû뵽˼ôơó˼ϵ֮·ˣһƣ׹
ȻΪҪðĲתΪԼС
ٿԼҲ˶˺Լ˽б
ʱƣ𽥵ȥʱҲû취ǰԥˡ
һʰߣϰһһռɢˣЩ˻ԼŻ
ɱĴȨϸԼʹʱҪӦֻƾϲ˻ơ

ƶ֮ϡ
Ůվڰ𽱳ϣƽ֮䣬ģ
ǳֻºܱܿŮһնȥԿǡ
ĻŪ÷һ䣺ܻڣ
㲻Ҳǣ
ĬƬ̣ҲԵˡ
ܱǸܡ
þ顣
ʮ㱦ǧԵȴ֪ǧǰ±ģʱǰȷǰľѩܼǵö١
Դһһĵؽ֮ʱնһΪΨһ©֮㣬Ҳûʲô
Ҫǡĵǵĵͬġ
ܲ³ѩĿģҲǣʲôѩĶأֻǳһħȥʱǾѾѩˡ
Ҫ֪ǧ֮ǰպյĶľѩֻа˽׵ΪҪ֪˽ΪһնͻƾŽʱٶ޷ͻơϧ˴ֻ֪ѩ𣬲֪ľѩˡ
֮ǰõλһŭٻӽһ̹Ȼܾһΰȴ͹ǣһ£һ¶ȴһ鰮ֻΪһĺ¡
ӽһȻɢܷûڣ׹ǣΰڻҽݹǣֻأ鰮ն
ΰ롣
λٶи֣ɸƼ˼Ҳֹյ䶨
ͬĿȴͬѩ۾һöѩ״ɣôˣ׼˭֡
֪ɹĿԺܴʱ
˱۾Ȼ֪ѩǿǰ۾һΪΣյ飬óսߣȴѩ𲻻ɱ
´ʱѾĲϣһѪۡ
ϲóսǵĻѰҪǿ͵ö࣬޾ʱ򣬱ױѩˡ
Ϊƺˡһ䡣
ʲôãվ޷ȫѿ˼䷨ѩջ˱ոջޱȵıʱڻΪˮȾѪ˳ָ䣬ȥתλñ𱻱ҲʲôСҪñ鵱Ķľѩôɱ˵ġ
Уɵ˱ܡҪб°ں̨ˣʶһ
˾ףӦǽԴϲ顣
ȴһƬȻ
ѩгǧ֮ǰ֣̽صҪ֮ǰΪᱻΪѰɣ
ѩ˵ͷ
㲢ûɱҡ
ѩתֻȴѳƮȻԶȥˣɣһѲס

ʱ̨͸˹׵ߣȻĶ֣ؽ԰ǿԵġ
ӤӤʱڱһȺΧţȺǷ׷ҪԼͷҩĵͼ
˲ûд̸⣬תͷڳ裬ڼ軹δʶ㣬ǱʲôһΪ壬˿ϵ
޻ں͸飬һ̨Ȼ޻û˵ԭ򣬵ԣ޻鱻͵ˡٲѰӻһ޻֮ͶϾˡ
޻鱻͵ˣ
ӤӤɫ䡣
Ҫ֪Ϊһ޻飬˭һȡ޻飿
Īǡ
Ƕ죿


77 
ǶĻ, ѾǵĴˡ
һΪɺϣĴǴ򽻵δҲ̫Сˡ
ں˵ʲô, ЩżĹ, ӤӤԸ˵һԼҪȥ߿, ص֮ǰҵƬ̲
˫ɳ, ɳ֮£׽Ϣʱδأ˵, Ϣֱ֮ͨڡ
ӤӤûӰ޷תͷƳһСǳɳ̲ϡ
ں׷ɱټ, ɻȥĿҲûˡӤӤǺ֮һ
, Ҫ, ֻҲֵ˽ֽţרע̽麣Ķͺá
ӦأڴʱӦòУϾлĴ˵Ѫ׽
ܲ˶Զ, Ҳǳһ
ӤӤרעڴ˼Ѱ, еذףԼ, ѪδδˮУĵ
ѪҺ֮вϢ, ħͷѪ, ܵջ
ֻת֮, ͽĻԺ
Сں֮ϣߵĽʯȥһߣϱ
ˮȻŨӤӤԸоˮʲô䶯ٿأںмͣ
Ǵˮĸס˴
Ϲˡ
ˮݹཹུӴΧðһڴˮУˮʱȷʵģ˿ûκǾиʴԵҺ
˴ϢŨӦþǸϮ˵ˡ
Ų׾ֶνɣɡ
Լıʲô
ӤӤǸճڴ׵ĸ㣬һֽڴϣĸʵ̫ڱΣ벶ԵĹڼС
֮ԭ򣬾ԭվûʲô壬ӤӤ׵ĸ㣬˱֮ȥȡˡ
ʵӦøĳɣӦóԳȡ
Ϊײûôһǿľ룬˳ĸ㣬ֱӳ嵽ʶ֮С
ҽһ㶼ջȥֱƯˮϡ
ǱĬ֮УѾͼˣоʵڹḡḡŪűдõĹɣдõķ
ӷ֮˴ûʲô³ֻһأĽܶȺں϶ȶˡ
Ǵ˼ˣϷһ߹۹͡
ӤӤĿƵ˺ϡ
ʵǸ͸ֻۣһȦһȦͻƣмʽʵɲ
Ͽһ֣֪ʲôǿճһ⺣ˮֱӽӴ⡣
Ļƣ˵ӦûͦóԵģ
ȻΪΪƤ͵ǹƣոĸҲҪгСƬĻȥڸӦò
ֻ뵽ԼڵӹǼӤӤĵ΢ЩϧۣʩСһͨ۴Сյ˴֮С
ôʵ汾£Ҫ֮ǰˣΪҪ缶Ըһͷ߽׵Ҳסѡ
ʱҸطֻˣǲǶָʹġϵ֮ҲһʲôԵܵõġ
ңƵԴ飬Ʒ񼫸ߣųôܱһܲݵģ
Ρ
ͷ˿Լ֣ոսӴЩʹŲĺףӦǱҺʴˡ
ʹܿ͵ˣѪĻָɲ˵˵ѡ
ֺϷǾþҺǵĸֶΡԲҡ
ɾӤӤΪ԰ȫصʱ͵ظоĿһʹվȺݺˤľϡ
оԼȵĺˮմʪ˴룬ιڼϡ
ħ࣬ͬڴ˴
ǰڣ֮ԼһɫŮվڴͷע
Ůƺڶ˵ʲô
ʲôʲʶɢΨһֱǡ
Ӥ

ʱǿջǴָ֮ǸεڣֻһΡ
ߣˣҲû˵ʲôֻǽһҩ˹
ȫܿƵģӤӤؿȥӡÿһؽ뼡ⶼȫĿƣڵһʦľż
Ҫ˵ʲô춼Ųֻҩ͵ʱűǣſһ죬ҩϤ˺
࣬ÿࡣ
ӤӤ£ѾɥʧƵתͷһ
ҩҲûڶ۽ǹѡ
ӤӤоθһ󷭽ŸոһҩظŻ˼ҩ³ֻ³˼ճҺ塣
죬һԲҲûн⿪ѪƵ˼
ӤӤ˫ճһʲô˵оԼʶڣֲ˻ûʲôֻؿϱӣȻǰһƬڰ
ֻĽŲԽԽԶſڵķȥ
ߣһˡ
ӤӤзţû˻֣֪̿ǳȻҲ÷Ѫ
ѪĿǾԵģһŴУ߸ÿһؽڶס͸Ƕκ¡
ӤӤоԼʱ·һƬڰ֮ĺˮ͸·䲻յˮţˮˮݴַץĽףʲ˺Ļǡ
һƬˮгƺҲ岻󣬱顣
Ҫ
ӤӤԼĵ׵뱻ȫƣ
Ҫ㡭
֪ٿشӴ߿ӣ´ȥ˫ȷûվˤ˵ϡ
ʱһ˫ϤЬȻǰ
ؿѪӿͷһȣһѪ˳Щιȥתĸо֮У˴ϡ
ӤӤɫӡ
ոһ˲䣬ӤӤȻ˷Ѫ
һѪҲѷѪʱķɣϾΪ޷˵츳Ѫô׾Υģ
ִӤӤĿڣƽŷӿѪͬʱԼӤӤڵѪҪ
ѪʶֻǷԭĹ£ԼֻڲӤӤͷһܲҲһ
˼֮У£סˡ
ŮĴֺã㣬֪ˡ
β˲վûסδε˳ŮۿӤӤ۾ͱǼͨ죬ȴûκοֻĬĬᣬٲ̶ӤӤκ𱸡
ӤӤˮ޷ĵ׸ոѹ˺ܾõĳ嶯Ů뻳С
ŮһԭڣȴͻȻŲ֮еĽסزţӤӤı¡
ƺֻѾ㹻ӤӤ
Լʣ
˵˵ˡ
ӤӤ޳ݰ񣬶ĳ
ңҲӦáȥ
ӤӤأֺܿ챻ûץסָ֣Ŭ|ָУԼø
ǲӦֻû뵽Ԥ֮¾ɲٴ֮ǰûһԤС
ĪǴ˺Ҫÿ綨ʱըһӣ
ʱпܲ鸴ʱпܻԣʱпȥ
ճĺڰƴˮݣԼϢı䣬Ҳһ顣
Ѿ벻ˡ
ץ֣Ų
¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼
ѩڣѣջܴˮһӿ¡
ͷµ˵ͣˮ˳ͬǣһָ⡣


78 
һǴСָӵĴָ, ָ⻺ֱֺܿ챻ŪþǲϢʪ
̧, һ˫ˮɫ, βκҷ, ۽֮һԭԵСʱԡ
һʱʧ񣬾ƲסԼ, ŮӣӤӤ۽ǡ
ͬһֻ̰ĺɲ֮䷼Ϊʢʱĸ
Ȼ, ڼ֮ȴ㡣
֪ӤӤºۼǵøСģҲǽеǴʱʡ
ͷվ۽һī֮ϡ
ʳŻۡ
, ȥ۽ǻˮ, Ů뻳С
ӤӤȼ, յϼ֪֮ľٶζʲôûз˷ĵ
ֻǿͷϵֻҪеģ㣬ĵ
ǽ, ԺҲˣ
о׼ȷ˵, 䵱һˣ罫Լĵλ趨ڰܺһ
ֻǶ˵, ҪǰһѡסĿڣոպ, оҲ泩ࡣ
ڡסӤӤ, ߬, û˵黹βġ
ӤӤӣҪȻ˵ǲϲˣ
˵ţƿ֣ȥͷͷ֮Уȥ
ûвϲѿڶɻһЩڣоӦʹø֣صĴǣӭ֮Ĺϵ
ûвϲҲδϲ
ͷﴫӤӤƵϢܼӤӤͷæץӤӤӤӤͷ˸һ˿
ϲҺϲ
æλ̿ϷˣͷôãӤӤúѪɫشҲģ
㣬Щôؿڱܡ
ԼģҪͷôáƳһѾ뿪񴰣ؿӤӤʱӤӤظַܵĽ
ʹģսǿ⶯ĴϢŴϢĴУӤӤûзǶϢ߲ܡ

ӤӤ۾ʼؽܣ΢ɷЩסתΪ̽Ե˱
ܵǹ͵ǣź֪ԼƺԤƺõ찡
ͣԸʳⲢ㾫Ĳõ֮С
ŮiڴʱȻĵ޹
òģòȴշ
˴ӣѹеǣˮЮƮ
仨ˮϷ֮ʱ޾ᡣ
ϸܵ֯һһ㽫У˿뼡ǣδڼպۣѪ
ѾԭǴʲôģЩڴʱѾ޹ؽҪˡסŮ֮֫ø
֮䴫ϸ΢⣬ӤӤͷѹ縣Ħ䡣
һڽ˴֮лѣ΢ݲȥţӤӤ״
ѾԹҩòײ˯ˡ治ɫص
ּ򵥽˼˵飬ҲԻطԡϢ߽ʱӤӤѾץű˼
ʲô£ػסָƣӤӤ򢡣
Ҿ˵ҵĲӤӤӦ˳ƿͷߴ˿ûʲôˡ
㰡
Σһ㻶ȴˮһû͸ĵط°͵˵ӤӤͷŷ㣬ոմ֮ƣ޻ζ
ӤӤȦףֻȦ벻ֻ֮䣬˵㲻ӤӤµ·ҲӤӤĹܽӴ
ֻӤӤ˵»Ҫȸ꣬Ż̽ضӤӤ¶
֮飬ҪδأӤӤתͷһ£ġ
Լαװùһ֮СʦøеӣСá
ֻ֪ʦ֪£ҪҲɡһ飬ɵиж
ʦôأ
ӤӤǳЦӯӯĵȻкµĶҲ֪ͨ죬һᶨȥһ
ˣˡ̲ס߶ĺݻԶ뵽һ˫Խǹڣδʹ߻ӤӤ˵ıŤ
ҩޣһϰ츳ģֻҪԸ⣬͡
ԣǽôӤӤסֱۣʡ
ǣԥţԺǡҡ
Ŷ
ӤӤˡ
ԺŲ
ͷһ£ԼָûҲ֪ûڴС
ɵų͵ظоԼʶһǿҵ𶯣ʶվڴǰһ
ɫ䡣
ңԶĺϲӿƴѹѹֵ˼͸֮еˮֱŨ˼ԤŴ˼Ƚ
ʱգ󣬲ʢ˿ûʶֶĵ
˳죬ǰһ˲޻ڻƶѾ˴ϣϺŮӣ֮ܿڳš
վӤӤߣɫء
پŽס

˼ͬʱͬʱ⴫˽е
衣
ڼӽ޸磬λԸԸУϿʹ÷󴫻ڣʱһдͷ󶼻ֹͣ
ȣжˮƮз磬ǶˮᵽǿҵΣնս⡣
Ž״ŲԹۡʶ֪ͨô
Ѿ֪ͨˡأѰڡšѾϵˣĻ·ϡֻĴ¡
貢ûн˵ȥתҸ̨ӴλѣҪɢƽպפˣҸǡ
Զ֮Ũīī֭кֻƬｻ̸֮䣬ɫһ°
ɫ䣬籯裬īȾƲӿɺѪɫƲɢϹʱͼڣ䣬ɷ
ֻվ䵽֮ǰһɫεض𣬽ɵУѪ꾡
ŵˡ
ŵĽ֮ƽߵģֻˣǾŽ׵λŵľŽ״ŵĽҲֻܵ¼ʱѹ
֮ǰˮϵаѹҲûдʱλѹ´ʱΪѾ֮ǰ˲٣ǱѹƵͷ㷡
˶һۣոնݵĻҳ˹ȥ˶ԼҪ顣
ȥѣ塣
ӤӤ˳ȥÿţ״
ôӤӤʡ
ңҲߡ
϶ߵģȻߣҲҪ
Ҳߡ
֣ء
ڲ֮ˣӤӤļ٣㲻ôǡ
ﲻҲһôӤӤ޵Ѫƣ֪ô쳣ƽ
˴֣ڲܲҲֻС
߽۷
ûõΪںŵĵ
ȻҲûѻȥѵĵ߲ˡ
ӤӤȰֻܻȥպײϣ˱һ̨ͬ
̨ɵмɽݹȫ˶Կָӻء
Ȼ˭Ҳ֪ΪʲôϮɵڲǾԭʱ̨֮Զļ٣һ߰˽ǿǰ衣
̨ΪߵҲֻ۷ΪΪ̨ҲǸͨߣ޷Կ׾ܸų̂Ĵ
֮ǰйȻǴֻڵԼͽˣԶ֪϶ûҲû¡Һøɶܳһʱ䡣
ŮѾɢϡ豧ȭ棬۵öǰˮ죬˲ò
úúãɢ˾ͺáԶСһܿŻͷɽȵҲˡ
΢һ£ֱ̨λҲˡ
Զɫ䣬ԶĸλϺǴĳɫӣһ䡰׷̧ͷ׽Ծʧɫ
·һ䡰ա
δ䣬һźɫ죬խȵŲ̊һͷڷ߸βżΪ䡣
̨ʱŵǰǷҳȥԸͬƴɱ
ŮȭɫɫɭȻǱȽ֮⣬Ϊ֮ɫΪɱϢ


79 
, ôˣ̲ס
ˣֻѩδˣ˾ҩǺ߽۷ΪһԮв, ֻС, Ҳֵڽ֮д
̨, Ѱǰ˽׵˺͵濣ŵļλ˽׳̨Ľ紦ǲ̨ǶӳԼް, ӵΣϵɼصΪݡ
ٿмŻĻ᳤, ˽ΪĶһ߽ΪĶŮӢͶƷλ, , ǰ˽Ϊ
̨֮ϵľλ˽Ϊǿ, ȫĿⶼۼڳԵŮϡ
ȻȥǿԣŮġ
ħŮ磬߽ΪɱԣȰĥֲŰɱ, Щɱĸ, ųϹ
Բ̵ĵӱӦþ͵شģƫƫ, ȫУƽתศշ, ƴš
, ̽ɱ, 㽫ߣͼĥԣ졣
ЧɱڹģЩŴͬһִΪǿƲסԼ׽ͬŲɱµǣ²ɱͬţڵֻһֿܣ
ɱ¾ʱ򲻹̣öԷùɡ
һӤӤԼ
編ƣԼ
ǣڳд㱲ֵĶԼСߣõù綢ϡ

Զ˸ͣΪˣͺߵãɱħŮʵڵ㡣
ҳȥҲȷһ̨ʲôһ˫۾ɨһĄ̇ĵ̨λӦö֪ʲôˣҿ̨мԵģҿɲһ̵ס
鶨֮ǰʱ̨ͣһӡѰڵ˿ˡ
ȻǵԼĵǰ⡣
⣺뾡졣ֻ֪žŽ״ɲʲôٵ¡
һǺǺڳڼ֮϶ҲסϾ˭Ҳ뿪ֱǾŽ׵
һδγײ£֮ѾѺۡ
׵ģײͻȻͣˣֻī֮ϣѹ£ҪĽ硣
޳޺ȻޣΪ𡣡
ͳӿŭ⣬ơƲмǳֳ}˵Ѫɫ·ԩڣҪɡ
ĻдǿҵľȻԵ룬̨һЩΪƫ͵СǰڣڱѪ
ڶΪ͵С֮УֻӤӤվţĻ
ӤӤɫδŹ
Ķӣָŵͷ˵ɣ
ûʲô޺
ܿ췴ӦⲻҪ޵һڣĿǰ΢ƽ˵ĴһдҪ
ӱ޺ȷʵһĽڡ
ԶԱߵѹʶһ
ֻŴû˵ʲô
Ҳ֪˵Ļʲô˼Զصֻ֪Ͳصȥ׽һ塣ԩͷծȥĵˡ
һڤ粻飬౾սթ֮ȻˣҾûʲôҪ˵ˡƽޣԹ⵺ϵˣȥѰҲ١
˻źתˣһֱӵûκļӳɣֻǴľ㽫ǧۣƱƵĴλŽİ˽ųϣʱÿѪء
ͬʱɫĹ̨䵽ĸؽ糤ϵϡʩڵ˾ҩϣǡ
Ѿ޿תʱҪɱʵڼѣʧ̨˺ܿ˹ʶ
ҪǬ󣬽ӡ֮С
ֻǬҪ׼ʱ䣬Ҫ˽׷еİ˽ǿĿǰڳмŻ᳤𣬰˰ӡľѰڵˮƷڵ𣬻Ʒ
ΪΪҩޣ⣬Ҫͳȫʱ׼ƣûǲɰţڻλ֮½⣬ķƷϸߣʧ⡣
Ǭ׼ڼ䲻ܱϣҪڽ֮ǣΪޣֻķá
ڽǣҲֻλߣΪ̫ͣҲϡ
˾Žǿߣֻ²߽׵߸סһι
ڳ߽֮Ѱڵ濣ƷĶżҽܣҪǬ֮ʩֻʣˣղˡɾڴʱվ˳
һͬս
ԶԼŮһۣƣʲôΪȥʲô𣡡
̨Ϊ̨һԱԹۣ
ҷУֳֶˮصɫмֱ׳
ˮ׳ʿһȥⲻݴ˾ȫȷС

ȴǳסˡ
ͿôǾŽ״ΪһС绹ģʱðͷʲô
һṲ̊վɱж
ƼֵţЩȻȴˣλƹִǬҪ֡λɽȳֱҾͨ󷨵öࡣ
֮⣬˿ѡˡ
ܲ׵ĺӳȥɣ
Ŀ⿴ӤӤնϡ
ͷŮ黳ݵѶֻɱʼĳݣͬս޺
ȥյе˺̶ܿ
ֱڵˣŵ磬̨衣
㡣ӤӤվ̲סץץڣ񵱳ٷô
ӤӤ
˽󡣡ӤӤҧҧ´Żô
۾ڴ֮ͥûҲ֪ⲻǺʵʱֻض˵仰
ֻʱ䣬ҪսӤӤΪ˽˷ųһǣʱ̨Ͽɳۣźˮеȴ̱ǣӤӤ˵Խѣǽ˵һ仰˳
㣬㲻˵ôҪһֱһ𡣡


80 
˵ͷ
, ᵽ
粻ܴ̫ãһӤӤ˳˽硣
ı帡ں, 弸һС, ڽ֮ʱȻܸоѹǿ, ˽֮һɾŽ׵ѹǵͷѹ˾ٲά衣Ϊղȶˮ
ʱ, һů֫ٺΧһȦ۱ɫĹ棬΢΢, ӨӨ˸˸ۣȴΪж˲ѹ
û뵽˾ҩ˼ƽղɽ¶ˮ, ʱ»治С̾, ǵһμ˾ҩ, Ͼ֮ǰڷ粨£Ϊ˾ҩֲֻҩ
Ҳڤˮ֦ˡðͷֻû˵ʲôǻңңһ
߹ЮŴ𣬳к¡żߵ, Խ, ͸ѹֵİ
ݹཹڽð콵, ź˴򵽰ϣ޴СⲢֻǰЩʱ׾֮ˮƽ
͸İ, ڵ, ڵ, 罦綾Һӵӳ֣ڳ˻ⱻҺʶǰӿ
ϲŭ֡ϣǰ֣γһ۰Уǣɡ
һóĽǾҲ⡣͵˪Լֱ۴ȥʹ֮еѣԽء
ӿıӿһʱĲζ˸ոյӣû䵽֮ϵˮɱڱϡ
ûʲôŷĺѣ캣ˮ޹ȥ
ۿˮҪ˵ϣһ𣡡
ɲǼ亣֮϶ţߣÿһΧͷı˪ѹܵĺˮ֮ú沨
һԵܷŹһᣬ̤ű֮ǰ죬ÿһ϶˷Ĵ̣ϴо綾ֻҪһ㣬˱ǽãʹ
׿̵ķ֣ȫʩΪֻ׿֮ǳĻۣδܻ׿ǵ㡣
˿ã۵ǹȻս⻹Ҫѹһɲ
վɵı֮ϣ˴ˮԪĶ࣬жˮս繳Ĵ̺ۣһնȥ
ȻǶǰ棬ҲȥҲˡЦţȻԵǾŽ״˿塣
첻µز£룬һͷںǡ
óˣóԶϡһЩΪá
ᣬһը죬滯Ϊ촷ۣں֮ϵĶקû뺣档׿֮ϵվȣֱӱˮС̤ȥΪ˳
˾ȣٽӡһƾȽӲŭĺ֮˳ս󷢣Ϊȵ˷ȫսй׳Ȼէš
̣죬ơ
֮ɫԣϲΪҫĿİ׹⣬ưк
ڴʱԽĳײͣϢˡ
Ǻ£˵δǡ
ζǽע̨ĽתƵϣҪǬ֮ǰס
ǬҪʱ
ӤӤ̨˳סĽԵʺ価Ѫ嵽Եһ˲䣬ֻܿһĻ
ɭκˣǶǵĳЦЦΪǳ
Ϊ͵жˮѾѺۣľѹԼһ
սΪùĿǣѾں֮гʱпܱڰ߽ʯˤ÷ǡ
¸һ磬ӤӤҲܴϸܵɱ⣬ɱǲģֻҪ˭ᱻĹɱսŮӣҲ⡣
Ǵɱ⣬ûп͵Եɡ
ҪͣǱֻɱ¾ѡ
ӤӤⷭӿĲ֮ѰټʼδѰӤӤļ٣ֻܰ԰οԼ֮Ϊߣǳ£Ҳ
ٿƲƽơ
֮кҵĻգȽȽ
֮£һӰ칭ھ֮ϣӳӣ˿䣬绪ǧ
ӤӤŵ͵и
ͬϾӣ֪һʽĴæӵ裬Իһߣ
ܵһΣգǷӣҲѰ͵һ׿¡
Ļںڡ
һʱˮҪһ֮£ոջסˮˮµı׷ըѡʱһ𡢾ˡ˪棬ܿ뺣֮Уһϯȥ
⼫µȽ֮֯£ʹ׿ǼͣڱըѺۣʱݺݴڽ֮ϣ֮УһӰȻڿնɣֳһ󵶣ƺպա
Σóս࣬࿿ȡʤΪΣζѾױ⼸Сŭˡ
ֱƶϷȥӤӤͷһ˴Ǹոλá
ҷ֮Уʧ
֮ϣѪɫɽбɨǰ˳Žʶ£ڵӡĺۼ
ӤӤͷһʣȻڽ֮У˲ٳǺͷһ³һѪ
ͬʱľ̽⿪һֱӵ֮ϣ׷ϵս
ˮʢսˮֳͬ干ĸѱαһ볯ȥ
ȻҲʶˣȽ಻Ϊǡ
ʱͣļ߾£ڽڽƣǰѴ˲ѪۣһѪĲ϶˿
һһжʵʵҲƣӦ˳档
ۿҪһͷʱ̤ƶϣֳסǧ˪Χơ
ϰʹȻֻǧ˪ֹжȥǿֿһ
Ӳţ󺰣һ䣬ʲѪˣӤӤҲûи׼ʱ䣡
˵һãóսûĹ֮䲻
Զ룬ʵ̫أյ͵һѪ
ѪӤӤǿ޸ֻǿǿ޸Ѿ׷ơ
ЩӤӤʶ֮С
ӤӤɫҰףָ׿ٽָ۵÷顣
ҪҪ
͸֧ӤӤɫͷѣȻֱӳǰɱ˺¥֮˵Ǳ壬ڡ
ӤӤڵϣŻһѪԼľʶ̽鵽й
ŴʱҪλãӰνԻԼʵ嵽׳ʲôط
ȫݹۣ
ϱҲĳ˵ĺôЩԴУñá
֮ǰòȻ˵ãҲֻǿѡ
Ͼϱõ޻֮󣬾Դ֮ʹõľ̫ǳˡ
ոԼ̽飬Ҫ˫ľľת˲ĵýɺԣǿԼԹȥѹեԼʶڴ֮ʶ顭
Ҳϧ
ңϣ໥׾һ׺衣
ľ֮£ܿҵԼ֮ѷαı塣ӽȥ
Ů洲֮ʱ׳ң֮ƾ飬кһ⡣
ӳһ⣬Ϸսˮ䲻ڱҲǣƣǹȶһϣס
ӤӤϣǿ̧̧۽ޣſڵڱ֮ˮѪһӵζ
ⲢûжʲôʵԵʧ͵һһΪЩ棬ץס죬ȶΡ
ӤӤжϹæ̷˼Ƭ侫ĵҩⲹٶԶԶûĵÿ죬ͷѣԼ˿ûս֡
УӤӤ̽飬ҵı壬˸ɫݽǰѩ䡣
ɲǼ䣬ΪģųǧɫĽâ˼£ƤҲ֣ɡ
ǰһöɫ·˱ȸոոΪʥֻȴ¡
ǹƳһˣһл׼ϼأŵǸ̨Ǹҵûòã
ȻЦ˵Ļ۵ȴ˿ûЦ⣬껤壬ָ֧ިʢšΪ䲻壬Լ˫Ŷˡ
ƾıι̶˫ȣѣȻ˿
Ϸ˻֮䡣
ֻܿʱѾȫǣĶ
£ͷʵʵ֣ʵ֮żӰ任һ볯
ֻӤӤ֮̽£ı޴Ρ
׼ͷһȴڴʱ
ǻ֮ٿһĶ
ʱˡ


81 
ӤӤڵ, оԼԴֱ⿪ָۣ׿ָĥ, մѪ
ʶݽ, ʶɢ˵Ϸս, ĺҲˡ
ġ
ѵҪֹڴ˴ô
ɲĹ鲻, ʶվɴ۾ǿԼҪ, ǰգҲһƬڰС
ûеͷȻģʶ֮Уǰδе
Ӻڰ֮е, ǺڰĲ, Ҳ»صڰ֮С
һع, һػ棬һβ𡭡
ͮͮģӲӵģɫͷ׵ģɢŹȡ
Χ
ٿ, оʲôĵط, Ϊůӿʶ֮С
ɲ֮, ɺԵѾʶٶȳӯǹɾԴԴ, ޸ʶ, ľٶľ֮̽, ܿÿһϸ΢Сܿ
ʱתʲôطۼʲôط
һжװ׳ǰ
۹ֻ֮ǧ֮⣬ܽϤ
ָоʵ̫Ϥˣϱǳħ֮սʱô˷ݹȫֶ򣬽ߵʧ͡
ٿһ̶Ϸ죬ನײ֮ϣ类ѿһӣŵĸ߼æɿԽ޲ѹ͸Ϊ͵ͺͨ˺
Ϸͳͳ˳ȥۿҪгᴩ룬ΪһĽȥ
ͬʱѸٷ˽硣
ɫ䡣ѪϣճȳϢӤӤԼ侲
Χȴо̫ˡ
Զ翵ߣ
ǵѪ⡢ǵԴ
Ѫ֮Դ
˼߲ħ߲ħҪǽոµ򡣡
·һ䣬һ飬ظֻأϴߴ밵ʾ
ײ˴·͵ϮȻⲻǸߣ
һˣȻ
ʢŭ֮£˲ˣһݻΪ⣬ת˲֮ӤӤǰѪ۵Ů۵׾ǳ
ӳһҺŮڵϣҪҺŮʴһ߿ݹǣ˵ϣҲ
ӤӤ
ӤӤ¿˶ĹȻ׹ΪʲôͻȻǻص档ӤӤע⡣
ɵӵҪʲôĸǣƲסӤӤȻܣ
ٳ߸
ʱҪ˵ӤӤɵĳȶĸ
ӤӤ̧ͷԼڵϵ̲ҺҺʺںɫɫǱɫɫǱҺʴ֮󣬴Ѫ֮ӿѪ
þŽ״ôӤӤĿ֮еĳϤй֮޲һҪ˵˶֡
Ǹ˵ĵ°ɣЦû뵽߰ķ˾ȻܿСϣʱҲû˲ʲô
ǰҪ֪Ҳҧ˵ġ
ӤӤ˱۾ոɵĽʱڿת˸䣬ʱעӤӤϣ˿Ҳûʶ˵˿ҲӤӤκв
ǾĽأ˳ͷ­һûС
ⲢӤӤһֱŽ׵Ķ֡
ϱʱӤӤԵҪɱľŽ׶ֲȻ޶ΪֻƾžΪŵĺġħɵҪɱ
Ҫɱħһ⣬ƵǰģҲСʱδħܹ˼ͬһϵ
ڰ˽ףұˣĶ֡
ӤӤһԼǰȻѾõƤ֮µĹͷˡ̲ҺΪճճϵķɳ棬á
ǵɵĹ⽣ͷ­ڣɿʼĲмһˣתΪȻǱŭ
Ȼһ޸֮߾Ȼ˾ŭһ߾Ȼ˵
ɱҵġӤӤǿǣ͵Цݣ׸ոյĳǰƲ䳰ȷܼŭ
ڤˮ֦ҶֻҪķƬҶԴԴΪṩ
ͬʱѪĸԭҺĸʴԿҺҪʴΪݹǣʱҲ̡̫
СѾͷϵķѪ;кҶԿıô𾪣ûŮУ׼ȷ˵ϵҲûʲôֻ֣ǵ֮ǰ΢ǵǰϷ
ϣĴٽาĻԹԹ꣬㹻Ϊһζļˡ
ڴ˼ƾãʵں˼ӣܸһ޷ѵĽڡڵޣ¸ƽڵʱҲ治ж
˵ҪǵС˵濳ԴС˻ôأ
˵ʲôӤӤ룬ǳЦԽͣ˵Ҳˡ
Ըֻ¸⵶նĲӣͻֱӸٵΪˣ߽׵ʱʰһаڰ˽׵Ļ
ʰŽ׵ҲΪɡ
ϱĥҪⱲǰ᲻ΪԶİ¹⣿
ܿ죬ӤӤѹĵӵͷֻǳЦʼѹȥҲ֪ԼΪҪЦ
ʱƽٵӤӤ޷ֻܿһѴ󵶵ͷҲȷԼʧȥͷ­ܲٽӻȥ
ߣһߣһ硭
ƽŵԤ֮вѻûеֻһ죬ǱཻײֻӤӤȷһ㡣
дĶڱཻ֮ǰһԵĳ͡
Ѿ˾Žףܺʲôأ
ŭ⣺۸Сʲôӣ
͵Ϯ̫䲻⣬ټ϶ˮ񽣵ļӳ֣Ҳ˲䱬߽׵ʵҲһ˳Ƹ˪ᣬ̲Һ֮ϡ
ճҺԭճʧ˴롣ӤӤ㱻ųֻ˫һȦѾʴֻʣһƤ⣬׹¶棬Ÿɲ
ʱòˡ
ӤӤ˿ɫոһĨҲƷգ͸ֻԼϰʱͲˡ
ϣɫķӰ֡ʮָѾĥѪݣֳһ
Ѫ飬ɫѪ˳£ȡ˵ĹѪɵѪϺâԽҡ
ԭǴķѪٵڵȫǷѪļߡ
ϣһ̴Ƥ꣬ӽϣޱ˪˺塣
׷һ˦̵ס֮ɫ֯תӽٶԽԽ죬ƵƮӯˣȴĳֹʽļ
һƿ̶֮Żͱ֮֯Ƥսо˱ܵΣա
վ˰ģǸոûͷ­öɵĹ⽣¡
ʮŵһն
ˮʮʽǶˮĳ
ͬʱӰ֮һŵĻ죬һİķâˮķȥ
Ķˮۣնˮʮʽ֮󣬱ζ˶ˮĳϿɡ
Ϊܺһߣˮʮʽʵʵ㹻նɱ
ûƴȫʮʽҲֻĥһƤ
㹻ˡ
˳ƹ뽫˿ڳŴ󣬷Ѫ˳һƿڣ굽ڣʱڷǿҵıըþֱ׷ɵϡ
Ϊǿߣʯɴ㡣
ıըȻҲ㹻һս
֪УɵɱǰʱѾˡ
ֱۣѪȥѪ۾һȥոըѵļ˿ڣΪҵıը
Ѫɽȳ̱ǡٽĺˮѪȾɺ죬ĺݾή
ͬʱԼȫ֧䡣
Ѫˣ
ĸ͵ʶ֮и֣Ѫ˲ǧǰͱɱôôᡭ
Ѫ־ԵĿƶЧո̫Ѫ壬嶼ǰֻ˵Ŀܡ
ħ֮Ǹǧ֮ǰشҵĴ
ǸˣǸ˵޽ѪŮǡ
̲סһӤӤŮֳӰԼԼܿһӤͯ
Ӱֻһǳȴʼ
Ӥͯȴһգһ׹áʶӤͯʲôܸܵģش׼ȷظ
ŮλҪԶκˡħ֮ϡ
ڴʱ̨Ͻ飬Ϊ⣬ɢȴƬء
ɵ£סֽţᵽ֮УƵԶϣѹ¡
Ǭ󣬷ɡ

ӡƿգк£һƬů
֮ϣλ¶
Ϊסѩ
Ѿ˼ˣʲôסģҲ֪ҼĹ󺰴ֵֿŵһλһ˻ΪСҼƽϣš
ڤˮ֦ѩķ򣬡ңǵĶֿɲֹΪŽף;ŽײһŽ֮С.졣
ڤˮ̧֦עŸԶ죺ˣ
š
ֹֻǴǳֱ֮󹶻
ˣ׻ɡѩ΢ЦЦֳɢģֻһǰһ˵ΪţֻǶŲҡ
ϱ»Ȫãã㲢û̵Ӱӣ˼û֮
гһˣִЩҲѡ
ҲǱ뱳Ӱӻȥھͺãִƴ
Ҹϣܽµ졣ѩɫЦ⽥ʧĵ޲


 ᡰ׹


82 
ӡ, ̨˶ظǷ׷̨ȥͳʧ̨߲͸ǰ֧ԮȥϢ
ĸСԼӤӤ, ֻ͸֧, ûд󰭡
Զ֪С֮ʱ, ɫһ°ȥ
һ̨ԼˣһǺպ, ׼ȷ˵ħŮ
δëһֻ޶ĸо
ֲصر¶ʲǫֻ̂ҽҩȥ⼸СҽΡ
ʱֻһ
̨, ŵħ˵ҽΡ˵ֻҪʲôУҲԡ
, ͡Զɫ, ߴ١
ɲһƲסɱ̨ɱ䡣
ɡסķ̨õϷ, ĺô
ʰȰź˵ԶһĴȣУȥסļѻ䡣
ֻǲɣԱߵĿͷסӤӤ
, ԡ֮, ļϸİ̺۶
ӤӤûôõĻָˡɴ, ˲ֹѪҩαҺʴ̫, ҪҪʱ䡣
ŵĳ̶, źϱӲ, Ҳ޻֮ˮƽ
޻ʧˣôֱأ
أӤӤ֮ĿڽʹԣʶδɢʱʱֵǸŮ
Ů֮޲࣬ıǴ˵֮еϡ
ϣһ˷
վҲѹʷ֮С
Ůϵô޻ô
ʵ벻ԭ
ˣȷʵǷˣԺϣҲӦòŮ
ӤӤ⣬۾˿ƮϵĲһյ衣
ֻǵˮһʱƺЩ˿Ƶľ͵سأˤŵϣɢһشƬ
ֻŶĲ
£
ߣӤӤڴ֮ϣʡ
߲ơ
ߴˣҲȹˮɣȴûȥ˼ӤӤչ֪ҼŮӣʲôô
Ȼǣɱ㡣
̧Ƥ΢ҪôɱҲС
ӤӤƳһۣҪһô
˶˵ǸӣҲȷʵˡ֮дŷ񣬡˵ɱΪ֣ųͱˡһϣ̨ϵ˿ܶڴһںϡ
չҲڳչôأ
ҲǺһϣȥô
һһ˹Ǹողȹˮգ⿴ŵ棬ΪʪܵģԹ
ͬﲢ޳ԹϣǹͬĵӤӤ
һӣӤӤϣ򢴫ĵıӤӤⲢͨӣҲ̾ߣ֮һ
޳ԹͲϣһȥôЩɱ֮ˣǶ֮ˣǲ޹ϸ㿴Ϊʲôôϣأ
綢۾ٷ˵Ҫɱ㣬֮ôأ
ԵĻԡ
˻ȥĴ֮ʧ
һᵽġ׵ķǳǳ
ʱǸΪŮӣĻӤӤδⲻУչһҪ֪С塣
С壿
ǸСô
ҡӫ󡭡
һˣ
ˣ˴ЩҲû˭ȫģ˭ûԼС̣չﲻ֪Щô
һתչҪ֪Խס
չ¶ȹǶһ룬񣬶а񣬴̽Ѫʱ򴥷أöΧţëһ滨롣
̾ߺܻչʾڱǰðɣ
Ӱģ
ϱӵ֮ٳ֮̾ҲһݣӤӤǿԼĿ̧𣬶۾Ҫʲô
һչѪӡ
Ҫʲô
ͬʱһƾȻֳʶ
̹Ȼչﲻ顣
޷Ӧ˵ʵ
ɽ

Эɣ罫ӤӤʵ⾡ܵĻش
Ϊһ䲢ûȱһ߷ӡˣ֪鱨ԶԶӫࡣ
Ǹν֯ȷţֻǳָ˿š
ЩģȴᵤģҲǸ֯ġλˡֱʡ
λˡʵҲֻ֪λˡӰ쵽ת
Ҽǣ޷ҲԼֻɱʹ졣˵ɱΪˣҾЩûʲôõġҿɲΪˣֻΪԼɱˡ
뷨ΪΨһһ˺ȴԭ֮ˡԭֻɱ¾ҲΪɱ¾Ͼǰ
ĵĳԱˣ֮˴˼û棬һ㶼ɴŽҪʲôô
żҲᱻλټλʱʱŮģ忡ûλʩչʲôֻҪλһ㹻˲̧ͷ
ǵ죬õֶκʷ֮мصļһ¡еڶδ֣һӲ֡λǾŽ׵ǿߡĵģڰ˽ϣȷһӣȾɱ¾ҵϼأ˵һˣ˵һѵ
ССߣûССҲμǵļᣬСǽޣԳĬҲͬþûˡ
˵Щ뿪ˡṩ鱨ʵ壬ҲӤӤһʾܽȥԼͷǵɻҲͿ
Ҫϼ϶Ϊʲô
Ϊ˺ݻô
ֻûü룬ֱƿˡ
ϵһˮգɫԳո˭ˣ
ӤӤæѣû˭ҸողСŪ˲
һۣ˱裬ݵӤӤߡ
ӤӤֺ˰뱭裬˼ղŵ鱨
ûҪ£ʵ⣬ɱͬţҲԱġҲǹƽס
ǸĪǻŮơǻŮ˵ĶĻΪʲôɱ޻飿
̫벻ͨˡ
ӤӤ̧̧ͷ͵ؼŵҩæո˼һߣʶͣȰ۾ϡ
ɲٿϵˣҺĸʴƤ⽹ãʸʴĺڣ֮лܿͷֻҪ࿴һ۱Ƕ۾١
ʵԱ۾ġ
Ҫ̲סô죿ӤӤգգ۾
շ˶⣬ӤӤһʱûסȥξ˵գתϣ᲻صҧһ¡
ոջסϼ⳹籡̵ϢתǼ䣬һ˲ӤӤԼֲܶˡ
ؿذ׻۵⣬ҩĩԴٽĻָ
ҩϣѪӤӤ̲סһ䣺ǲˣ
ٿطԼֱӽгĴŴϽҲ㡭
ֱӺֱ֣ӳƺͺá²ɴ̧ͷӤӤ۾ʵ֮䣬ҲûꡣЩ꣬գ֮䡣
ʱӤӤѾû˵Ϸ˼һ˵ѿڶ
һôأ
ԪʼƲ⣬ͬ٣Ҳֻܣ
ܲܵ˿֪
ԭʣħѪߴ΢ƽ⣬һĸʧأͿ˱
ӦҵģҪһֱһ𡣡˵ӤӤıǼ⣬ô˵ô
ǡ
ϷôʵϷԡ
ʱҲģ˭ܲ£
ǾŽ״ȿֺҪڽɷ󣬳Ӻ˭ҲûȥǣǶ¡Ҫ֪жˮ񽣣ҲֻΪ
Žȥ߽߱ȱȽǡ
ֻվҲ޴ӿ˭Ҳ˭ȥ
ǲǣҵôҪǣأ
ڸһʱ䲻֪ȥ˵ֻ޷飬ԪǰʱֵǺΣ
ǷôظӤӤȥ۽ˮѪܻ׹ǵĹЧô׷뿪


83 
㡣
ߵһС, ˽ȥ
֪ôộĺ˽޶һ, ΧǺûˢĺۼ, ȴΨûһߵСݡ
Ů, кûһöݱɵСˡ
С, Ūôʡ
˵ͷһӤӤѪϡ
ѪùޣŵĽͺ, ֻ⽻֮֯ƺһΪ͵ϢԵ͡
תѪСϡֻСȻѪ͸ȴһҲûб, ɱԭɫ
, ȡһɫ˿, ǶС֮С
עһУ緽ſڣʣ㣬ΪʲôҪλ˲Ҫɿܵô
һЦ֪ΪʲôҪأ
Ӻ, Щ˼, ££ͷΪΣǣС硣Ҵûôƺҡ
ǱħŮ, ޷ɱ¾ɱ˿ʵʱɱ¾, ЩʱҲԼƲסԼˡ
λǰ, ƺǡС硱, ϲƺ
ˣ಻̫Զ
УĻش

ǧ֮ǰϽҰʱ򣬲û⡰Ӥ֡
ǧ֮󣬡ӤֳΪ˽ɡ˲֪֤˽ٵղٲ
ѩ׷ɻڵؽ磬ٳûɽš
ڱԶɽ
ɽ֮УˣҲʦ֣ڱչء
˸ǲڣ˽ʱ˲׵߽׵Ϊ
ǣжһȭȭ֮ģ֮ϣҲֻ֮һ
ջĿ֮ʱһöСӡ
޻С⡣ڤˮ֦ߣڤˮ֦һϼɫϣĻ鳤׼ô
ǿԼǵôƣѩǣ
ǽǸơڤˮ֦Цһǲƣ£νƶǽ綨ҪƣҪơ
ѩڤˮ֦һһƿһġơЦˣ廳ȥ˼ʱһɲһöСӣȥʱ򣬵ɲɣħħججʼղ֪Ǳߡ
еʱɲɣħħõġ
ֻûվߣֻҲǶ档ѩͼĻȥڤˮ֦ͫףڤˮ֦ǰԼٺʵʵֻա
ͷ֮ϣΪϵǵߵʱתǿԳ⣬ϳһߣпת
׼ȷ˵ǼɵһţҲԳĻŮΪɵð֮ѹϣŮң⣬ͽЦ
ϲóսߣӵпʱղأ¾ͷҲҪѲС
ǵ߸ǱҲ߸֪ɺϻǿΪ֮ˡ
ѩػУĵ
ֻǼǵõʱλλħߡ
Ů

޵Ļָڼ
ֻ̨Լ飬˲֣ǰŷ׷׸ǡ
ڵ⼸ûߣһڵ˱֮ǰڵĻˣӤӤ˻ûãȥʲô㡣
˫ֵľѪܶȥָû;ΪֻԼˮžһһĵۣǶˡ
úܼʱǽ˻ȥɴι̶ãȥ£Ҷ
ΪʲôǺԸҪߣӦȥǸˡ
ʱ߽ʯ֮ϣڵϣﶪʯӴˮƯ
֪ӤӤ飬עŸո׳ȥʯˮ浯ʮ²׹뺣УջĿ⣬ӤӤĻܹôҲǰ˽׵ˣĿУҵĻɡ
֮ûĹϵ
װֵס죬ĵˣѾô죿
µضˣǶ¶˿ɲá΢΢һЦǾǵȡΣ
Ҫ
Ȼܾ
ź浹ӳ̫ҳˣӤӤӦõȵòͷˡ
㰡ող˵ûйϵô
ô˵ô
㣡
΢΢һЦߡ
֮ǰǿջأȻ̨Ǽסţ̨֮д㣬ǾͰסһʱõС
Ŷ룬͵ᵽһȵΪϮӤӤѾץУȴӤӤ߳
бһۿǣٶһⲻһֻ
ɫЩ΢ǴŪģ
ץģ⼸춼ˣҴָЩ졣û
˵ţӤӤŵϣҪָǣæס˵ӤӤ⽿ָ
ʱˮ޵ɣĶӣ
ӤӤ۾ȴ˿鶯˵أ㿴Ӷ񡣡
滷һȦһȦãҲ֪մ˶
ֻԴΪΪδ࣬ݹۣ಻Ȼѡ
ԣֻһڡ̾ԺǲϲĹöˡ
вĵĹأǰ˽֮ϵĴǳ֮£кԵɣ;ֽͣɱ˽ʱҲɱ֮ʹһҲ޷
뵽һ㣬뵽ڤˮ֦
˵ڤˮ֦Ѿǵʮһͷˡɵõ
Ȼġ
ǰһʮңᡰ׹ǣȻ˳ڤˮ֦ʮ꣬ʮӦûˡ
ڤˮ֦
֮ƽϵӤӤ֪⣺᲻ѳʲô£
˵ͷ
ǵǻȥлȥѰˡӤӤ
ϾһΪҪĻԵ㣬˵ѵȫ֮һٳƵŽס
ֻӤӤ֪
Ǻڤˮ֦ġֱֻգʵڹʧ˵
Цˣʲô˼ЩɵƲڤˮֻ֦Ǹ
⵹Ҳʵ
ڤˮ֦ǣȫ֮ǰһϰݼڡ
ʱϵ˶³һɳӡ
̽Եʱ򣬱ΰסˡ
ʦʦɱңģҪ๷ж๷ȣʦֻҪһʦҪʲôҶСʦţϴ
ͷشĻ˵֪Щʲô
һթһɳӳʦ޻治ﰡҸ͵־ͱһȱµ͵Ϯˣֱ˿ҿӰ޻ˣʦ㿴ӻб˵ġ
˵ţſǣԶչʾſǱԵ˿Ѻۡ
ӤӤˣ˳ʲôӣ
æŻɫ·ͦƯԼʮӣˣﻹŸ


84 
ʳʵĻ, һ࣬ٶȰ˹ȥ
׻һΪֻûܳĳ̶ȡ
һԾ治ǳ
ӤӤ˵ʲô, һö߽׵, Ʒ߰˽׵߶вС, ɵҩָܷǧ֮µ, ǳɹᵤ
ֻǽȥΪ޵޽ԼҲʧΪһѡ
߽׵ް˿ɼޡ
ֻȡڳδ̫ϧˡ
ӤӤץס, ҲӤӤѡֻԼһʱüͷ΢, ѣ
Լһ㲻ѡɱ¾, ޽Լ, ϵҵҲմȾ߱
ȻҲû취ˡ
ӤӤĻջɢȥˡ
֪ΪΣ²ȥ֡
ѾǸɱ׿һȦȦþɱ˵֤
޵߽Ϊ, Ϊǿ˺˵ѵġ
ϱ޳, пܾµĶ
˼ˣٶȻ, ǿľһ, ֻɲ֮, ʶ, ϢϾ
ӤӤҲ³һѪϢ΢˼֡
ӤӤ֣üͷ΢չֻϣͿӤӤѪһĻ
˵˻ԽԽĮԽӤӤƺԽУԽ˲̺ʴȡ
ƺӦþеƷ
ӤӤϣһʬʰʬĻƻǲӤӤԼˡ
˺ΪⲻʳȡΨ׿Ǻ½˳ٽ׿õϴ
Щ⣬һѻ𣬰յøɸɾմȾҵϵѪȥҪ֤顣
һæͷ㿴ӤӤؾԼ½ǣƺ˼ʲôش
ú棬ߵӤӤվţ̽ӤӤʲôʱܷ
һվһ硣
ȻȻǣӤӤ˯˹ȥҲûԱߡ
δЩȻûֻʣӤӤӤӤ˯ţܲڡ
»γ˱ˣ˼ɻǴʦʱӦù˼ɵ棬һͷӤӤС
ЩΪʲôϲ޵״̬ٻˡ
һֻʱ򣬸עоֹʲôʲô
һԼ֮µëһ롣
ӤӤ˯ƫǳ꣬Լëһһ𶯺ܿͰŪˡ
ӤӤգգ۾Լ˻þԼһѡ
ܸоʹΡ
ΣƣָС
Ƕ
⼸ζӰˣòˬůëףԼġ
Ǿͱˡ
ӤӤӶë׵ͷɲŵĻβÿһ綼Ź
ȥʱоԼëҪӤӤ޶ͺ
ԼӦתһԼ֮ǰӤӤ֪
ӤӤ˾ǹȼ͡
ֻ뵽ӤӤϵˣֲҹȷӤӤǿٶȶѡ
˳Ŵأдӳ¹⣬ҲȽһ¸
Ӱ䵽˵βϣһԽԡ
ĸҸһ䡣
ôôԡһһͬڴϣӤӤָڶůľëߣصҵô
¶˶ë˲
ԡ
ӤӤͷ˲࣬Ƕµǰ


һӤӤԸԸȥС
Ȼ޸˰ٷϴˣһһȵҲҪģǱ˾ƴ𾴣ʼҲָòͷ
ӤӤ벻ƴǵĽڣҲȥˡ֣һдӼ򣬵Ŀĳۻҡɼû֮ңԭĺлж෱
˳źһ·ţҩĵˡ鱦εĿ̡̯СԵ̯ɫζ֡
߼״˸Ϸ̨ˮӯĹѽѽسС
ѹĽףɾƼٲݣֻϡԸƽɹ顭
ӤӤפƬֻ̣ᵽһϮʼʱΪɺܿ͵ȥ·һ೤ߣĲϡ
ʲô㣿ȥ
ϵǸƯĹأʦŮӳ̯λû˵ߺ
СŮԼƵ㣬кϾûֻҪմһϣһ¶ɢȥ೤־ãַЯԵִװá
ӤӤϾû˵ϣҹʸиһҲġ
û뵽⻰˵ĶҲʵһ飬ϸᣬŷŻȥû´Ļһζ𡣡
ʦǺϵĹǰһϻӺܿ򿪣·𿴼֪һ̽
̸磬ӤӤǮ˼顣۸ʵڲͣͿΪ˽⡣
ӤӤ֮ʣٿһϡ
֮һ̯˴ΧһȦˡǴﴫġ
һڵСؤڵϣƴͷͷˣѪһǱֿ
Ѿֻһ˶ı£ССں֮ɪɪ
һ󸹱վСؤǰ²һںĶһֲһָؤŭ壺
Ҫģ͵үĶүɫ
˵ţһųСؤȥСؤݵֻʣһѹͷҪǽʵʵŶֱ͵Ȼﲻˡ
ֻۿһžҪ߳ȥӤӤֳһƾ˵ĳţ˸ա
˱ʱֻɴŮӲȺ˽
͵ѵͺˣﲻˡӤӤѾ̽ǰʵҲûʲôù緹ʣ˰ͷСؤΪӲҪȥҪڻײ˸š
Ӳҧؤ͵ͷߵģ겻Ҫġ
ˣҲ˿һɣ˭£
˭ǿ֮£вƽӤӤµʱѾСؤһߣݸСؤİӣСؤ۾˹⣬ϵץ̻ʵس
ʵ
ӤӤջĿ⣬ΧѾʼ۷׷ף˾ԼӣѪӿǵͨ죬һȭҪӤӤ
ڣΧ˷׷Ϊ⿴ȥĹ˰ѺӤӤһƾʧǰһȭ˵ϣ۵ôгӼƮƮһ¡
άѶֵģ衣
ܿ˽µ˴ȥתСؤµĽСؤ̨ﰲá
һ£ӤӤӻöʯҸ̯һӣݸСؤ
ؤ۾ģŲŲԼһӤӤ·
ú¡ӸģԺɲ͵ˡСؤûаѰӳ꣬˼ϣĹҵģɵʣЩӶλģ˭Ҳߡ
Сؤһ˳޵ñһһѣģﲡˣü춼ûԶˡлл㣬лл㣡
˵ţҪͷæסϸϸﰲ
̾һʧأҲ١
ЩģҲֻǽ˴ʩЩиĵط
ڶضѣ飬ԶڣҲû֡
ӤӤһ裺ͷϣһֻӡ
ɫһ䣬ŵ˶ҶˣӤӤæӸߡ
ӤӤַ跢ϵ˵ˣûˡ
賤һ
ֻûע⵽ӤӤĺȻһöɫͷ


85 
öֽ˿, һ־ε
ֻ˿Ѿѣᷢʱ
УҲһ˿Ӱ졣˿ԭ, Ӧøºܾˡ
ö˿, ӤӤоԼ˲, ٴӽ, Ҳʲôǣ
⵹Ҳá

գ˱ڡֻͷһãһֻȥ
վһĴһСġ
Ȼ, ӤӤ˿ԺƮ䣬Χһ硣
轵, ˵ӤӤ֪ӵĽ, Ȼ֪Ǻ, ҲЩȻ
ֻסһ䡣
ңܸо˼¡ԼʶȷԼΪ֮ʱɴԼ˿ƷĴȨ
ƽµشйƬ½, ǰ, Ⱥɽ࣬ƬƬѩӭ, ڽֱٵͷ, ΨããһƬѩ, ׺ڰֽϵī, ؽ뻭
ѩȻ˴󡣡ӤӤ۾ѩʵмֻ־䣬ļ紺޺ǿ鱦ء
ϲޣ
ļ紺ļ紺ĺôѩҲзѩĺôӤӤַŵ˽ϣֻܵ˽֮ϵϺ˻ѩҲʵЩ
ƷҲֵУ׽סոӤӤֻ֣Լůš
ӤӤҲûг֣Ƴһۣҽһ֪˵ʲôûעߵķ
֪ôʵЩ׽Ҳǰڸ˺֮䲻̫Ĺϵ
ֻĵ£ȴƺҲŶķ顣
°Ĳֱɫ˫һֱϵƤ

ͷպſڣһ˽ţԡϴǱ¡˴ҴҸϵʱѵôˣ󲿷ֳüԭָһ㡪
ϼƸˡ
μһϼڶ࣬Ϊ˾̣֮ǰÿ˸ĳÿˣÿ֧䶯һ֧
б䶯ǣӷֱõ˫Ŀףĳһƣÿһα˫һÿһ˫˲غϡ
е˫һ̨ƣǩ
ƣŰѶдˡ
˭֪һʵǿǳڵģǰʱΪһ˽׵ĵһˡҪһ߲غϣ޷ǾǼɵѶһˡ
ͬʱҲζţ˰˶ӳϣҪ鳹״顣
ϼ֮Ÿ֪ϢܲѰںҲûą̃ͨ׼ģϼ뿪ʼǰ֪ͨϹء
ټ֮ϼһأΪɳúݻԶߣ赱ͬ˽Լ
óϼж಻ԽȥˣνķƷǻӶѡЦϼѵ֪һϵ࣬ΪŵǺݻԶ
ϼǲǲڵǰģԼҲζţǲ߲ʸԼ˶ԽžΪߵҪȥΪԵ͵ŵʦʦá
ˣӤӤ˶֮ˡΨܳܵסʩΪ
ǲȥɽȺĵҲ˼ڵ֪ڵĲ֮Ҳ⡣
ҪǱƼһɣۡ
һãһֱǱԶĬϵǱ򣬵ҪǼϣôմѪ⡣
֮УԱã쳣š
ѩ𡢷ɽȹλ峤ϣԱӤӤҽáҼԤڵӣλǳ߮ȷɽȵӡ
ӤӤ㻹μôѩӤӤʡ
Ŀԭ޴ţˢˢͶӤӤ
ݻ˫ȫ֮УΨʺáǴҲ൱Ǽ˶ݻԵ뷨ӤӤȥ
ӤӤ˵ͷ
μӡ
ȻɽȹӤӤΪƫͣȻȴҲ˵ʲôֲܽɽ׹شڣֻõ˵ͷ
ڷɽѼ鱨Ѱһĸ߽ףϼҲĸ߽ףȻֻ߽ףһ̸֮ɫħŮ硣粻ΪߣֺͣͬϣҲѲƤ
дùģǺƼҵСðΣա
ֻǲ룬û֮ǰźЭ飬ʱ˿ףƷҲɽ޹ˡ
ʵǷɽȹ֪ΪڵҲЩ㷡
ڳ˸ոմ޻ļˣ˭ҲûļЩֶΣֻŹĴԣ㹻ŷɥ
ֻҪɥ
ĸ˼ⳡʱֻܲݲݽɢӤӤԷʱ׷һӰ
ҪǻĻһô
ƹ⻰ʲô˼
֣߮߬һһٵӷģ»ϼǰͻ߽ס
߮Ѿ۷Ϊ￨˲̵ʱ䣬ֻϧһֱҲûѰͻơ
һ˵·츳ࡣ
ش߮˳¹죺ӣҪᣬ¼ֻԹ
߮ƶһ㣬ʵѾ˷ҪڷɽȵǳĸӹڣгͷĿܣΪԼһ
Ķ£Ҳǡ

ղöɽֻ֮߮ں
СǣӤӤҽáҺ߮
ӤӤϰ˫ʱ򣬻Щ಻סеĲ⡣
ʵڿ͸ҵĿʲô׼ȷ˵ӦǰҵĿģλ˵Ŀġ
ӤӤϸϱϸڣԼΪݹȫֵľʱĶ
Ǿ˵ʱΧչģͻƣøֻԵٶǺĳɳߣǿħ֮⣬ûǸŵݣĺܶˣƩѩλϡȵȣ鱨ȱʧ
磬Ҳһӣıԭ˻ѩ䵭ӻִɽߣĳħս
ս֮ħʮĽġ
ԾǲԾ
ٿأǰϵӣһκʽ򽻵ûȫ˽ֶΣΪƶӾ֮̾һ
ƺϱʮ֮УùһģһӴ̴Ĵȡ
˾ɣҼȲףģӦԼƴġ
ټڻûжһţڶħ֮ͻȻͨ˶õüΪ
ͬһͷ£̿յüů̲סɪɪ
̧ͷ˫ķۡ
뵽ʲôˣ
뵽˿ڣӤӤǿչһЦղſͻȻоЩ䣬Ҫܺһ𿴾ͺˡ
˵Ŀ⽻֯һ֪ôĪӤӤĿмֱС


86 
ӤӤ, 󿿣ɻ֣ȴȥס
Ѿ׼, ֻҪֿϴ, ͻһ̲ˮ, ûС
ǲ顣
ӤӤкЩԹʵ֮Ҳǰлͨ, ҪǻӦòһ
Գ֣׼¶˷˭
ÿÿ, ͸оؿǶһϲȥ²ҲסҪڵĻ
δЩζȻ
˼ҪҪʱ, ȴЦһ
ôо˼ϡ
һҳǲź, һηʱҲϴολ, ӤӤԼᡣ
ʱӤӤתͷӴ˸бһ߿, һ, ϡ
˫ˮһӴЩӵ, ÷¶һĪĻ
Ӧòһ˰ɡ
⻰Ī, ֪ӤӤڱʲô
ӤӤǱӡ
ʱŷԼĲ, ʵӦýһԼе, Ӧ¶ҲӦӤӤ
һ㣬˵Ĺϵ쵽ֱӶѩ촰ˡӦѩҪӤӤǱ֮вЩ
ôǺܴ⡣
˼֮䣬ֻӤӤЦһ㣿
ӤӤ
ӤӤҲ֪ԼЦʱ۽ǹжˣIˮ㣬˼
̵۾һģֻ̿ʱǴȰӤӤڿʱǴ⡣
ÿʱ͸оԼӤӤܽҲԶ
һתͷˮɫ۵գҲԶʧĿյܸоӤӤзߡ
˼ʱѾǰͬӤӤֻ֣۾üͫʵĵӰֻģģɫ
ڴʱ˫۽ͻȻһ£΢ıã׷Ǵ·һϸܵĽιס
ӤӤĶ˷϶ɢ

ӤӤʲôô
ϣֱֱӤӤӤӤֱë
ж
û˰֣촽ˣǲ͵Ķˣ
ӤӤƳһʱȴ²ؼһ߹ȥ߮˵ƽؽһöҩӤӤС
õģԡֻе࣬ó꺬ǻ۽ȥȥζ

ӤӤлʱ٣롣
ѩ˵ѵҪɵվ̨ϰվʱ̨ȴֻɽһֻ
ͨѩβҷأס
Ҫѩȹһء
׷ɵò߲ͣͷβʱʱɨһ֮˭ͷ
ɫԳ
ҲûʲôӦѾ˽ӡĴ㡣
ӣײǺܺöԸսӤӤѹʣӤӤ֪׵ʽô
ӤӤҡҡͷ֪
һöԸ
վ߮Ѿʼǰ׼ˣӤӤԥҪҪԼľ߮Ͱҡ
ͷҲȻˣ֪ôˣֻǾⷽע⵽Ҳν
ľҲҪڵˡ
һڳ˲оǰһʡ
ͷÿһķ䷽˲΢΢һЦ׸ʱһѾס׵βë׳Хһ
һɽֲĺΪӿȻˣֻǱ磬סǶֽš
Ѹٳһ
ͬ׵ĺ࿹ʱ˱ǵĿơ
оβë͵ô˻ôСҾһβô
״ŭˣֱӳɨȥ˲β룬ȡŶһѵݵ˼
Ǻ⡭
ܰϧԼβ𣬵Ƿ;βëֻϧʱ˾򲻹
׿ɲǷë
ʲôʦҪҧһмһ߰ȱ
׹ңֻƤ⣬ƫ·ģһ·ͱĳ㶴ڡ
ܣ˭ǷϾһԿϷ
βֻ·Ҳ̫ˡ
ɿ𣺡ףͷ
㣡̣ıߵģ
£
߮һ룬ҽӡûȫ
ĳ棬˲֪Ǻˡ
ǲ֪ô죬ĿȴȻݺݳͽͬʱβ쳤ֱûֵļˣǾ˵ϡ
ڳ⼸˷γѣѸźͿɻûǳ֣͵ظһ˲˰ٱⷽİ
һצҺ߮һֻצӤӤһס
׵ıΪ⻬ӤӤҪȥץ׵ëȷԼȥȴץסֻԼӰ𽱳ϻ¡
Ȼֱצӹסס
ö֮ѭ
湻˰Ƿʱ򣬳˻վס֮⣬˽ͷĿѣӤӤһͷײС
뱧ఴ̫Ѩⲻʡ
ôˣʶȥѰûƿˡ
ǻһ½Ľѵѵ͵Ȼȥˡ
˵ţСԭ壬õķȥ
һԼ˵Ӱ춼Ǻܴġ
ʵԵǿǰʹ֪Ҫʲô
ӤӤж˾˼ӦӦԡ
Ƕʱ򣬺пܻޣ˽׵޿ҪնɱŽ׵¼ʱĶ飬Ϊʤ
ټǽ죬ûʲôϡ
ǿʼʱͺúϣ˵סһʱ䣬ô͸ǵɳ档
˵Щʱ˶ƵƵͷе
ʦٻˮӦһʱ䣬ʦת磬ףӦҲܵסһ¡
Ҿ˵ͷ
ԣʦһ굽ͷҲ˵仰
Ȼƹӵĵ
ոŪʱ򣬻һûãǿǣǱмܲסˡ
֮ðȵһ£ʵΪ߮ȡʱ䣬߮ĵٻζҪȰҵҪ
ʱ״ϵķˡҪûǰת׵עֻһŲ
׺ͬΪŽףᲢۡ
޵ǸȫǳԴĿǴټϲóķսʶŽұʱӡ
ΪŽף־ͲʹĻᡣ
̽ãɰҺͷں׼ʱż߮ٻ޿һ׵ı
ҩޣһԼǾǷֳϣܶƽ޸
ˣȫԵĸˣӤӤֻǵ۾ıԿǶ
ɵԼսĵڶ죬ٶȱץֱڷһȦһ
С£ֱѩʱǿŪڹ֮ļ
Ǳѩһ̧ۻΪͷ磬⼸Цףȥɡ
Ѿĥɢѩվǰʱ򣬻ɢ˲£
˽ѩѩƽͽˣ̨֮ϣѩǵĿɲھŽ޵ѹȡ
Ͼ֪ѩ˽ģ˭Ҳذѩ𵱰˽׶Դ
ѩһöһ꣬΢΢Ц
Ҳýֻö꣬£Ӯˡ


87 
ȻֻͨĻ, û˿и
٬ҲȻһ˪
߶, Ѫɫĸ, ϡ
ӤӤȨ޿, ׽ѩÿһϸڡ
ָѸٽӡ, һˮΧ
ԴֻΪһƬ꣬ȥĵ, ѩúܡ
궯ˡ
ʼֱӤӤķȥһˮ, ӤӤǰ, ɻ걻ˮһ岢ûȥ, Խֶˮơ
ɲǼ䣬ϣˮת
ֻȻһ죬ײ˽, תĻĦڽ, ̾죬ۿɼرĥһ, ĥǳ¡
ڴʱһ, ˮ֮, ͼƻת, Ҳûãֻһѱ죬ǻӲƿ˱ףĵȥ
ӤӤľ̽£һļͬײ۵Ļ䱻ȴûһ˿𻵡
ڽ絯£ֱ߮˹ȥǡڴʱһХ߮ǰ
һͷݵİ׻߮߳ȴɱǻһغӣǰ׻һȥ
껬úܣȿӰ׻צӳһԽһͷȸ̨Ͽգȼ
һʱХڶ̨֮Ϸֳַ֣ڰ׻ȸϡ
׻ȸǱٻޣҲˣҲ֮Ч
ɫ׷ǻţҶʳͼͬʱϷϷ£ڳû硣
ѩϾؿǣĵϵû㲻Աͨ
һֻ̣ԼʶǱһ£ǰһɲ
Сûĵġ
߱ʦǰɣ

͵رǣ˶׷˳ȥ֮Ҳʧȥ˸ոյʻ˵ϡ
ӤӤãըɵһ򣬵ӽϵȥʱϣûôˣ뻨Աһըը߹ǡæܹȥơ
ڰҺ߮Ǿ뱬ըĽԶֻǱըûûͷûʲôӰ졣
УӮˡѩӻ֣»صϣĿƳ߮ɽǺӣҲӦ׼ͻˡ
߮Ŀ㵣ͻƣ
Ѿ۷þˣȻڼкܶξɶļ󣬵ʼҲûгɹͻơ
һʯͻƵľϡ
ѩ۹⼫׼Ҫѩ˵Ӧòд
߬ԼڣҪͻô߽ף߽ףͿԼķˡ
ȻǵСҪͻƣ⼸ͶúЪЪݽϲѩЦţļֱĵӤӤʱЦɫ
Сûĵģʦ𶼸Ҵ򡣡
ӡ
ӤӤˣ⣬ȴǰ
ʦҪͷӰɣӤӤСҪǷҲǵӹ̲ܽϡ
֪ôѩоһԼϡ
᲻˵ʲô̲ܽϣҪǵ۹̲ܽϵĻǲǻõͷʦܺߣ
ѩ̧̧۽ޣָ˴ӤӤǰһͷĵһ䣬ӤӤһ߸ߡ
ʦÿʼ۸ʦˣ£ɺͳÿడ
˵ѩҪӲڵᣬȴתͷƳ͵Цһɫ˳һոǻ˲۾ϡ
צץƴҪ仨ժɻγƤһ
ֻһֻСΪʲôù

߮Ҫطչͻƣ߽ףҲܴӰҲʼչأȱҲûѵ
ҩȥҪ˾ҩҲҪ˾ҩϽ̵һµĵӡڶϵߣ˵ϿΣɾ񱨸ӤӤþһԼʶѩصظĽ׵ĵӰһžĿҵ
˵Ǳ޵ĿҵھһĽȣûרо˵ģЩ鼮ݬ롣
ӤӤȥڿΡ
ֻǵ߽ʱ򣬺Ȼоһæһɨ
ָƣżеӣڽ棬ġ
ôˣ
ӤӤ߽ȥǡһսҳǰһһӺһŮӳţŮӻصһ׼ԼԼܴӻûĽҳһӤ֡
㡣
ڣָָ⡣
˻֮Ϩ
׵ŭתΪͣɨһǾһɪɪеӣ
Ǽȥҹһܡ
ƾʲôһеӼӤӤˣ˾ʦ㣬أ涨˵Ӳÿͼģ
ȷʵûأһ͡
סеЦԽ⣺ҾͿôȫյô࣬ʦôôȷҿľʦأ
԰԰
ƾʲôʦ㣿
ҲҪ죬ܲΪǴʦΪΪɣ
塣
˿ڸаߣӤӤɨһȦ㿴ʦ㣬ΣɫҲ֪Ρ
ӤӤס֣ڽ޹ӡ
ǳǳһЦȻأʲô
е˿ûʶΣգӤӤ⵱ݣƤЦʦ㣬ҪҷǺúֿ̽̽ҵ
Ѿȴ̽ˣӤӤ׵ΪҲĽˮƽˣŲ١
°ͣ¶һΪˣʵΪЦʦ㣬ҵˮƽЩģǡ׳Ĵʱһܰʦź
һ˲Ȼо£һ
㣬ӦӤӤż⣬ߣ
ظϲһ£ûɵضһе˵İ໰һŭ
ͬʱһ˫ץϣֱ۴Ӻס
㡣
βСӣһشˮȥͷŭ⡣
ҵģҵġ
еɱһĲҽȻ֮еŶ˳ȥкµĻſơ
ֻеһ룬мӦеǵ㶫
տյһ
ӤӤЦǳɨſſڿֵĵӡ
Ǽæͷ˻ȥñصͷ˻졣
ڳгǶһΪ֮һ𣬷׷׼нȣҶ
֪֪޺ͬţҪ
ӤӤĿһɨЦŵģеȻս죬һҲ˵
ԣСĸ֣֮Ի᳤ãҪҲȷᷢʲôӤӤƳ˽ãɼȻҪǳ˰߸ٳģҿɲ𡣡


88 
һɱӺ, õ򶼸ĺá
̨µĵǷ׷׼űʼǣ˿и
żоԹ޵Ŀ䣬ֻӭĿؿһ, Ŀ˲, ̧ͷ

Է֮, Ƴϡ
ůڵĵƹ£ӤӤӵ, ϢѩôѶ
ٽصףҲ, ӤӤڿ֮£
˵İһơ
ҵ룬ʱӲȥ˾ҩϻH֮˾ҩϺԩ޳, ο۾
ʲô
۷ѡӤӤЦ, Ե, һ־
ָϣɿԼ־ʧˣҲоֵĴڣ·ֻԭͲһ
ܿ, ӤӤִһ, ֻʧֺö˶˵ػˡ
ȷ档תת󣬰̾
ֻûӤӤǴӺʱ޵õľ, ֶ޵, ΪʵڹԴҪһ͸, 򲻵ٽҲס
˶о, óսҵΪԱѡ޷Ҳ޵·ӣ׷翡
Ϊ·һֱûγԼϵ
ӤӤԸ⣬ԳΪһʦˡ
ӤӤר˾һ̳еҲķˡ
ӤӤŴָµһ飬֪ʲôֻǸоĿ˼˿ܡ
̧۽ƳһۣĿ⽻֮֯ʱȴֳɢȥ
ֻӤӤ̧֣ס򢣬Ҷ
㡣
ӤӤ۾Ц⣬͵ģ۽ԽĽ欣ܴ֮ˮ
ǳƺһЩƲˡɵӤӤСʱ˫۾ˮɫһ۲գע
ߣȷʵ
ⰵְּأӤӤִżӣһһġ
ЦʵԽġ鷳
¶ӹúľͷʲô𣿡
ӤӤ̧ͷὫ쵽УҲ˳ƹס
ӤӤݸܺӣӦúϧ
ŴֽļӰ䴽ǡ
ҹʱӤӤҪֿ˯в졣
ҹֲô죿һ˯һӦ㡣
ӤӤҡҡͷһ˯ʱҲðޡʲôһ˵ġ
ɫ΢һ£վ
Ҳá
ʵǳ£
֮Ȼʦãӵǹվ˾ĺϼ£ӤӤ¶֪Сӵ͡
˳ɹϼãδɵĻҹҹͬʦһ˯ӤӤ಻á
ҲܿѪӤӤ״и֪
һ䣺ˣұ㡣
صԼķ䣬ӤӤ̧ͷһ۹ǽϵӰȡ
ӰɣպʺЩ顣
ҪǣӰδκӡһۺԶʹõ彣
׼ǰϣâɿ죬ۻҡѩѧһʱ佣ԿΪʵĿƫŪ˵ĻۿݣȲӫ
ӫӦҲɣ
ȻӫܻҲԭȥ˿ת䡣Ҳµġ
뵽⣬ӤӤͷɢȥӰ˸ϵĩǺϾûˡ
һϾûִЩĴϸٵԲӣúߴá
ϾûأֻǵģƲ˥
⣬㴮ӨӤӤ΢΢һЦ
ϾûأʵҲ֪ԼʲôصĶ͸
֪ܳƵϹصģҲֻһݣϱײõĻԵ

ȥչۼ㵽֦죬ӤӤսս֮ʱؽһһ
ȫʶģ̧ͷϿȥ
ӫ󣿡
ӫǽӯˣŮվǰͶϸӰӡ
ʦá
ӫ˵Լࣺ㡣
ʦ
ӤӤӦ˺һӫʦڤˮ֦
ȵȵȵȣڤˮ֦
ʲô
ӫ
𾪣ӫ˿û⣬ڻΧʯϣڡ
ڤˮ֦಻Щڤˮ֦ϰٻ޵óɾ֣֡
ڣڴߴ˴߰ǣϸȴĪ֮
ӤӤӫʵ˷ǹѲԼڣԼС
һˣӫ󷽲ŷڣشӤӤ⡣
ֻʶһ
㲻ʶô
졣
ӤӤ˵ʵҲû쵽ȥ⻰ʵ̫ˣ˵ڡ
ֻʣҪȥɽתתô
пˣҪ֮ǡ
ӫס˵ͷð
ӫѵˣӤӤҲܴڴӤӤǿͷסɬ
ûſջԼ˳ߵ
᲻ӫѾǾ߰׹ˣ
³磬ǲҲܱɵУպ֮µһ
һgû׹ǡ
ĿģӫЩ⡣
㲻ˡ
ӫǲǳԼϣ˶٣
ô
ӤӤҡҡͷ
ǣֻ˹ȥ顣
ȥӫ̾ڹȥ벻ˡ
ӤӤһ̧ӫȥʱӫڣ˫֮з·кɫĻӡ
ʦȥ롣ӫһԼָ֣ϸ׹ָ࣬ⷺ΢ۣܽɫѾ
룬ҵĹȥӦ÷ºܶȻʦŲҽ
ӤӤԴ޷ۡ
Ȼӫ¶ĸԴ׻Ǹġλˡ
ֻӫ˫ֵȷմȾѪʵڱҵϡ
룬Ҳֻ⣺߰ɣɽ
ˮҹڳʱѾˣԲůɢ͵Ĵ
ӤӤͬӫ󲢼ڽ֮Уʱٽȼѽڣ磬ٹŮһ;Ϊţܿһߣʱʱ˲ע⹴ִĹɡ
һС̯£ӤӤӫһԲԲǺ֥ڵģ֮⣬ӫ󲢳Բʲôζ
ֻȴмֻ
˵ʳƽȴԵϲӫף˲ǵ֭ԶǺ«̯Ǻ«޵ģ潽֭ӳŻƣ͡
һǺ«ݵǰ
㿴þˡӤӤЦҲԣ֮ǰҲϲ
֮ǰӫ˶٣Ϊβڣ
֮ǰҩСʱ¿࣬ҪеҩĿࡣӤӤӫ£ЦһЦڳϰˣҲûʲô
ڲϲô
ʵҲϲģֻǲ֮ǰǲˡ
ӫӤӤЩͷֻۣӫĹȥҲ˼֡ӫʣһһԡ

һ춼ѩ£ϲŻصԷӤӤԷ
תͷȥҵʱڱҩûĹ̨ˣȻܳʱͬӤӤȥӡ
õ˹ô˼ܵһʣûС
ĪǱѩˣ
ϵʱֻ֮ǹɾϢŨҪɻ
΢鴤Ԥ׼ţպÿڤˮ֦ѩ۷
˵ʲôţҹ
ѩЦ
ڤˮ֦ຬЦһĻ飬ڵסգ˳ֽһöݸ
ȥɣ˳ö꣬ҵˡ
ԭأڤˮ֦סƶЦ
նٲȥӤӤҪҼӫˡ
γѣæӹˡ


89 
, ͰӤҲġڤˮ֦˵վΪһ̾ϢʱӤҪ, °Ӥ, ˯ҲҪӤǰ̸˯¶졣ʵӤ˭Ҳ
˼, żһ֮ݸվҲữȻ
ѩҡҡӣֻϧδȫ
ȷʵʲô֪, ȺֻҪЩΪǺˡڤˮ֦̾, ֻӤӤǡ
û뵽̾¡ԴΪӤʵҲҵ, ӤӤʱ, ҾӦԤϵˡ
ѩҲΪ̵ĻаȻ, Ƕʱ䣬һ˭˭̻˺ӡʼձּĬ
Ψ͸¶ıǺӵ֣ԺĺӾͽӤӤ
̱ʱͷ, Ϊ, Ѫȫ治ԭ˫绪, ֣ظ仰
Ժ, ͽӤӤ
ʱ, κ̵ĺ, Ҳ˻ȥϤĸţȴûӤķȥ롣
ٻʱһ䡰ӤӤǶ⺢ݵİʾ
ǸһӤڵ֮ǰԶ£˾λϵĽӤͯ˾ˡ
֪תٴڷĴڣƭΪãԱչɶȻʽ΢û
ӤĴԭֻļ߲֪κûв͸ǽӤĴںܿ챻ˡ
ʱķˣӤ£ɴ˽ԷӤԼҲȥ˳䡣
Ӥ볾䣬ԭĿռٲֺܱͯģܿͳһˡǺͯһ¶ڽͷĿʱ˽ѩˡ
ʱ򰢻ڣʱֻһˣȴ˹˻
ڤˮ֦ףϧֻܹˣǱ˹顣

ǧǰ
ʱĴ½δĸŸɸݣֻǷֶ򣬱ħããѩɽ˹׵ħٻѩˡ
ħ˽Ļʳɣ˽ħĶȤö֮ڽ֮γмݻ˹ģСĳǳء
ǳʯΧɣɷġƳǡ֣îʱʱգ¥ϵųƣҹ
ᵽħо棬ǵλħ磬ħ磬ħ񣿡
һװ˵Ц˹ƳǣŮӣոǸͬǿЦŮżһƳС翡Σ˸ۡСԭأֱؿ
޹ˡľѩЦڤˮһǵðǵѸ²ǣ
аŮʼ磬ٿһתǳɫĻŮƿɲǼʱ·ֹתſŶӵҲŽǣ볯ǷɫĻŮӿȥ
㡭
ڤˮ֦æӣҪ򰢻ɰɵúܣһһȺһ꣬ͲӰ
֮ģ̰ЩҲ̵ִڤˮ֦ϣסҪҪȥ׷ĽŲǻǿǰɣô˶ǿҪӡ
һ⻰æӿ˽Ų˹Ƴǡ
Ƴǽֵ֣ʱʱܿͷϳǵħŲ˻͵ּ̯ۻۣҲüħйͬҲиָջεСһһڽش
ǹƳǣȺ֮ĹƳǣȫõԼ׷ɱ
ԼھͲ¥棬ʱ
Ҳ֪ȥˣ˳Ǿ͵ܡѩüģ̾
ڤˮ֦һԴȤʲôǰѩ¶ɫҲֻаˡ
ȵȡ
̸оʲôԼ˹ȥ͵һץһϢϵŮޡ
ٶһǸոܵİ
ֻȫһ§һԼʮŮ
Ů˫ߣ˫ϵŶ˿һɫȹӣ˫ձݰףŹɿɰ
ľѩ
ڤˮ֦
̣
˵Ŀ⣬˶ţ⣺ҲǸ˼Ҿǣǡ
Ǹ˼һ¥Ķ¥ڴվڴ߿ǣˣ͵ˡ
ڲ¥¥оףȴСҲ˽
ӵĿ⣬޻켱ˣ֣治ңûչС˼һôˣһҵƷô
侲˵˵š
۸ңˣǻˣ
⼸ЦֳһţСȴܷİһֱվڽԼָ
ͣͣǿǰ˼Сﶼɵˣ޻һӣװոչСĲԼ˹ȥСãİȥòã
áСϸȻʮ󣬵Ǹӣǽţƴ֣ҪǻҹҲˡ
⡭ӵģľѩü
С˰˹ȥСƽӡ
ȴСոպ̶ܰͬʱһ˳§ССĺ󱳰ο
ôˣҪ˭۸߽㣬ˡ
ûУûССӣңԸġ
Ļü˶оĪֻǸС˵׻ҲġСҲ˵Լü˸Ϊѡ
ǽģ׼ȥħһؾһҪǴСŵĲ㡣
ټСҲǸ⡣
СﴩŽ£ӦǴĸ˼ܳŮϲûߡƳƫƧĵطһ޸֮Ĵ˼Сôܹģ
ŻмƳǰ£Сûܳˡ
ΪڹƳȴ죬ĴʾСϼ˷Ҫð֮⣬ûСļѰ
ֻСʵڿɰڹƳЩŶŪСƣֱ̲С֣ʣǼѹûǳԵ⡣
ҽӤСԥ˰Σŵ
ʲôأĵʡ
աСͷ룬ҡҡûա
ôûգ룬˶ʲô
С룬ִҡͷûУҾӤ
ĬƬ̣ڤˮ֦쿪ڣᵽһǻһĴ˵
޻ԥ̨ǻ
ǻ顣ڤˮ֦޻һۣ
޻СšУ˵ʲôʲôϾͱ죬뿴ڤˮ֦
֮һͷеʱ档ʶλͷһӤ
޻ЦһСʲôϵ
㲻С磬ͯô
һʱĬˣڤˮ֦⻰Ȼûʲôɣȷʵе
СǴģҲ̫ĵˡ
ôܡŪ޻﷢ëЦŴɾʱһڷ
ǸӤ


90 
ȥ
һŮ, һ氵ƺ£ͷббһ֦鷢մ, ǴӴ, ȴһ㲻ҡ, ̬
㣬˭޻ʱķȡ˳, 䱸ʡ
Ůӹ˹֣еħ𡣡
һɷݲɡ


˿żɽԱڳ˶ڳļ, ħЦЦ
λСѣ԰ǼλŮô
С
޻ȻܾԲУ
ŶЩΪѵɨһȦǼȻ, ҾǺˡ


˱˴˶, ˭Ҳ˵ʲô, ʱСȴ֣ȥ굽ħ˻㣬㱧˽㱧
ľѩ
ڤˮ֦ǲǽʲôˣ
̲˵أѹ⼸Сô°ҲӦá
̳ĬƬ, ŲŲλ, ˶ľѩߣ̾Ϣ, øĸˡ
޻ҧ´ͼ⣺һҲûұá
Ȼħ, ǽСﱧ˻СԹȻӤǸС, , ˼ͷ
ϾԼҲǻʮķˡ
ħƳһ˵װ׼Ʋȥħ
ǡãͬ·
ҪȥħؾĻҿԴȥ˵ȥеҪ죬˳·
ʵ˱ħģκħô˵ֲҲȥ
ؾ֮ԭʮ죬˵ؾӣ粻ݺᣬ̻֮ŶġЩǾûһ·Ӫ¶ޣѰżδκβ
żͬѰ߻ħǱǶɽĲһؾ
ϲǣˡħ˶ģɵؽš
ʱǾϷԣϾ˭ҲСִ֮룬޻ǽ˻Ͻǰ
Сãôãýһ¡
С̧־Ͱ޻˻ȥ̧ͷħ֣˽ס
˿޻һҵǱ̲סЦ
ĳһ̱ϷɣΪޡ
ǿӤ׽ҲģҪڤˮ֦˵ӤǱСǴͬһطģϵͱͬǽһ㡣
ؾ֮лһϵıǣСĳɳٶδ̫ˡ
սؾʱСﲻʮӣǽг̳ؾСȴˡ
ǣüۺ飬жȣĽǰȻš
޻۾ûɣôⳤô졣
һ˼Ǵ˵֮ƹ˵λ˵ƹ˵λǸӤͯ
޻⣺ʲôϵ
ƣϲҡ˽ͣӤͯ¶֪֮ܴӰС
˱ˡಹ䣬鲢ȫ˼ûǣûϲŭް޶񣬷Ȼ顣
޻ò⣬ȴ˶һȻĵӣҲöʡ
ⲻ֪ڳĶľѩͬɽơ
ЩûνⲻӰһ㣬ͬһСŮѾɴˡ
ҪλħҪжð޻̲סСֹҲ̫Ư˰ɡ
￴ŹģҪδ֪ˣ㡣ľѩܲȥֱӲ޻̨
޻һˣӲʲô˭˰ѩ㲻
޻תͷȥͱľѩȴľѩ̵̵ֱۣͷȻԵá
޻

ʵħദһʱ֮Ƿħ𲢲֮е˲ħʱ¶β֮⣬Ҳ޲
ӤǸСŮһ磬ôĹճŷˣҪҪҪιҪϴ衭
˽֪ԭӤûЩģȫ޻ԼвӤѧ˻ôܵľٶ
Լǡ˶ǽͣ󲿷ʱͯûʲôȻӦ𽥽⿪ˡ
ԷǱӤͯòǵķӡɶˣЩ¶Ӥγɳٶ˿Կһߡ
Ȼɶӡٲ޻Ĵ߻
޻ίô˵ҵˣ
뿴뻮һԼ˵أ
ħϵȻҲħϱȻħħƣǵػױǱǣʺħӵĻ£˵ľʵķԾ
츳ΪҲϣڤˮ֦ȵŽףµĴ̡
һϳҲ˾Žס
̶ڼ䣬ǶľѩɽʱķңӽԼǵٿϡãǼҲȫԱŽס
īīҲʹ졣ҵٶȶû죬ñˡ
ÿÿ뵽£ľѩŭ׽٣ֻǿЦ˭Ҳûʲô顣
նԼǷ׽٣൱նԼ
ʱӤƿǣƿ٣ôĹͬħ˳˫޾ӳɶԡǿħһ̲ˮӣ޻۲úܡ
ϻڳģ˵˵С㿴ˣֻƳ޻ԾԾȴûĿ⣬ľѩܿ콫ìͷתơ
޻ЩֻǳǾͲ֪ԽǵòԽõô
ɡ
ʵ޴ӷԡ
󣬲֪ôӤɢ´⣬ǵЦĳݡ
Ҳųˡ
ȿڣôˣӤ
Ӥֻ۾ޣʲôû˵
ǲǰ۸ˡ̽ԵʣҡҡӤֱۡ
ӤЩ˹ϵҲ׽ȻҪᱡ޻Ȼ޻Ҳδֹ
ûУûС
»ô˵δε˳չߵһ޵˲ֱӡ
ľѩæĵ޻׼ȥӤ֣չȥ޻ǰ
Ӥʲôֱ˵ͺáǶġ
̽㣬ѩ㡣Ӥҭһڿ˿ڣ㲻Һһ˯ˣ˵Ұ·á
һʱ޻о쬵Ŀ⳯񺮱ӣĶҪǧٿס
ⷿʵڴȥˣӴȥʱâһԭλãڤˮ֦ȥ·ʹ˶
ɢСӵ˵ϣڤˮ֦·۾ʲôһѸٺϡ
ӤЩˣ
޻һ޿飬Ĭŵ˵ͷ
ǿǿ磺Ǻϻڵıض̲ġ


91 
Ȼһ, ӤڻǺͷߵһȻӤǲȫӣֻһ, 鷽, Ӥֱ޻չ㡣
, ԼҲ֪һ㣬һʱᱡ, ʱʱħˣ̹ʵˡ
⽫½һ㣬ᷢʱһͷ, ٻϵӣжʱ²ȣȴÿζȳǱˤ¡
ЩѧñȺϻڵ޻һ¥, Ĺǵڤˮֱ֦ʵ֮¶֪޾
ܵýһʦɡ޻, ĵ, Ҫңܽչ٣
ľѩһۣ˰㣬ƽ׻Сӡ
ҲߵҲ
ľѩƽΪ޵ĺҲǺ
޻˫ֻأתȥߣ
һԷŹż, Ŵ΢΢̧ͷ
Ҳɻˡδ޳˻, ҲӦġ⴦飬˭á
޻Ϊ˷, ¥ݣżȻ¶ˮԵҲ, ˶֪, ֮ǰȰ, κ޻ղסӡ
㣬һϻڵĲ顣޻ʲô˵Ļ۾ɴһȦֱϻڵˣҪǺϻڵסģȥ
ľѩЦһ֪ӦȥΪ˵ҲܳС
ˣվǵ̸Ļ⡣
˳Ưˣҵط޻ٽڣٲȥҪ԰ȴϣҲûһּ̳мҵڤˮ֦Լһۡݶʹҽٲˣľѩ̶ҪԼȥʦֺʦǡ
ӤȻŷߡǺͯԣ̼ʮﳤͤڵ֮굽ħĴţ͸ĵ·ܿһ˫ˮʵ۾
Լ֮ڹƳپףǰף˺޻»֮ϲǰԼ޻˽˺ӣӿ棬ûأԤȾͶס
ֻ֮ԼӰ
˼תʮഺӤʧ٣˳÷˲ǿнӤѰءǼӤǣ㽫Ӥٵ˹ڼá
ħ˵ôجģһŭ磬ʽִħӸꡣ
ˣվ档һ֮ȴ˱Ӥ̼÷ȻҲϲڿգҲһͬʴˣħ硣
֮ǰΪҪֱ˵ͬڤˮ֦ѣһ齹ڵ֯һԲĶ
ҽУΨһҵĶ֮вûʲôǹڱˣľ״ֱֱ̬ͬΪڤˮ֦۾ħرˣǧ֮ڲٿ
ӡģ
ҡҡͷӡġ
Ȼ̾Ϣ䣬߲ɣħ߲ħҪȥУûǡ
Ǿ䡰ҪȥɱǽΪη˴ǲħ硣
Ƿ˵Ҳ֣Ƿ˶ǵı
ΪǺͷ˲ûйϵǵħ֡
ͬڤˮ֦ӣã֯Ȼȥ
ߺڤˮ֦Ŵ֮֯֯Уһöѡ
մŻҽǷǽӲӵģɫͷ׵ͬʺ޵Ѫ⣬һճɻҰ׵Ļҽ
һʷȵҪԶȥֻ˻ֻʮҵСˣǰһյһ㣬ʱǻҪ̡
˵ʷԶأз̸֮еǸô
Ȼﲻԣڤˮ֦ðӷ֮Ѱҵ¶꣬Է˵ؿɼ
ԼûöѣԼ׷ɱ޷ѵȫΪ˵ĲʵʵͷϹսġ
ͬһϹսзһλгأ˭֪ħǹϲǺ¾ǰ£Ůȫ
ⶼ⻰ǳս֮󣬳ҲʧˣܻţˡϾɽڶħʬ壬вٱμӱߡ
ͷȫ׷ɱҲǿܵģﲢûôǿʵ
֮ڤˮ֦ö͵˶ľѩС
ͷųܸ࣬δķһܹݡʱֻ̱ٻһ޻֪١ľѩһֱһ˴Żܱȫöѡ
ǰ֮Լ֮ʱƳԼλϣֻһһöδķѡ
յͬʢʱңת˲֮һص㡣
ڴڼ㷢˺ܶ飬̺ڤˮ֦ܾ췣
Ѳ˵ʣ˴Ȱο²׷õ£Ī¡
ڶ꣬޻ˣǾͶŮüĿ䣬·ڶⱻ⡣
Ϭ壬ֻǱƽҪֱȥϬұǡ
˵꣬޻뿪ˣ޵ü۷
ƽȷʵбҪġ
ʱûǰǰĴ֮г׻ָ
׷ݵǳħս粢ûڷ˵ħķգӤ֮ø
ħΪϾ۾ӵؽħѹ˲ʱתһֽһ˼䣬֮ķʹһѪϡͣΪˣֽ޽磬ߣǿƷ˵·ѾǰΪҽʼռɵŷˣɵŷ˱Ѫɵ
鲻ʤö٣ЩվᱻǧĹûУ಻֪ΪλС
ĳ̶ֳ˵ƺǻ¡
ʽ΢ҲѰƾ֮Źûʵ壬űĹѩ˼ţĻӦѾݵӤӤĴڡ
ֻǻûһڤˮ֦򢣬ʱȻҪݻԶʵʼͲ׼ӤӤİɣ
ѩ΢Цǡ
ݻԶǵ紫ѹ˵񽣣˳綼Ҫ߷ɵģֻΪ˸߷ɵǰ·ɨ谭
οǶ˵ģп̽ˣǡ
ֻǡ˺ִӤͯѾѹ֮¡ǵʦ𣬳֮Ⲣѩأô룿
²ֻǱָ߰ɣ
ѩ׼Ȳ裬ڤˮ֦˵ĬĬ֣
ҲԵһԭ򡣡
ڤˮ֦ԵͷŪһ¸ǰŵķ󣬷֮عϵķġָ⣬֮ˮƬ̺󣬷Źڳš
ݵóĽڤˮ֦û˵ʲôոյĻ⣺ѩǷӤ֮¸ѩΰţ
ѩָһöָָ֮Ƕè۱ʯڤˮ֦ݷ΢⣬ԡ
ֶ˵׼˳Ȼɡ
ҵͰӤ飬¼١ƵǸöһ죬˽ʱҾͰĶŸǿ
Ӧϵһġ
ڤˮ֦ɵ棬ͻȻҵתĲԼ̾ϢһĪѩġ


92 
ӫעӤӤ, ǰŮ֮вӣǰѾܿ깴ճĺۼˡ
һױȷʦеױ, ͬܲɷ֡
ӡ֮, ӫĸоѾģ, ֮ͷǸء
ҪǶϿζ, Աġ
ӤӤĿ̯λŻʲôСӫ˻ϲʵӫʳԶ, Ǻһֻӫʳ޵̵ĳ̶ȡ
Ҫ˵ΪСǹټСûͻ, ͯļôԶô
ӤӤĿͣڲԶһ˵̯, Ŀ΢ͣ͵Ƭ, һϤӰߡ
һһȻϡ

ӫϳʦĻӤӤļˡ
ʵҲӤӤ̧ͷʱᵽרϵ㡣
ԭ, ĵĺϾû, Ǵִ͸֮Ҳûժ
ӤӤ̧ͷ, ƾֱҵüΪ׼, ͷ, Ǿһɡ
ԭ˵ֻӤӤȥ, ⻰ֲ˵ֻ˳һӤӤ
ҪһӤӤˮϳ˹
̲סһ£ǻеŮ˲伱Ůƣֻһ
һ˲䣬бסӤӤĶȴӤӤܿ쵯һţ·ոܵľٶû
ĬĬջ֣ǿԼĿӤӤ뿪а̾
Ҳ֪ӤӤǴѧôֶΡ
˵ľٶӫ۵ףӫһ˼֮ʵЩͬСһ𿴵Щ
֮Ĺϵܺá

ӤӤԷʱѶѩģ˵ָѵ
ĵ̾˿
߮ǰͳ˹أֻͻƵ߽ʱòᣬԪһųǰͻ߽׿أֻǰҺҲǺܼңʶû߮ɸٲ㱻
߮ͰҵĳأҲ൱֮Ѿĸ߽ϵˡ
ΪҲչ٣һʱ䣬Ҫ۷ˡ
ٶȣ֮ҲжλĩΣ߽׵ż
ٿԼӤӤĵ׷һ˿ɬ
嵱ûо׵ΪѾܳļޡ
ڶôȫǳΪȫӵ۾˵õҲãȷʵֻɴһԿֵɡ
ڻϢݵƻţֱ˽
֮䲢ñܻЩ䶼ֱӽġ
ӤӤΪΪ֮·ģֻǴţֱһö۽
ӤӤ׽ţ۽ڣȴʧȥζһƷʲôζ
ǰ˽ףƹӺͰʦ㶼ͻƵ߽ףҲסӤӤһ˿֣̿˵һһֱô
׹ӤӤڵֻ಻֪Ǻá
ʵħΣ谭ӤӤΪģ̵еľ綾
֮ǰѩùѪѹƣһԽٶƵķѪȴɶ޲ߡֻͨӿ޸อӻʴٶȶѡ
㾫ôߣѾԶԶˡοڵΪѾȺܶ࡭
ǰοĻʱȴ˵ˣӤӤ츳ԶһصģҪǸͨ˱ȣʧԭİο˼
ûµġ⾫Ѿ㡣ӤӤҲܿ쿪Լתο㲻Ϊҵġ
Ȼô˵ɵڶѵʱ򣬵Ѿ˽׵ӫʱӤӤĻǺݺݿһ¡
·ȫ綼УΨܡĵĵҰһӡ
ٶȹֲʱӫ󲻹ף֮λĩΪȻҪҪߡ
˽жΰʲôզΪٶȡӫΪǷ紵ô

̨ϣѩӫеǱЩȻ
һͽܣһܸ˭ֲýڤˮ֦ƽ
ͲȥҲа

ͷѹ˵֮һκεô˽û䣬һ͵õڤˮ֦
˵ӤӤĶа취ˡڤˮ֦һ˵һֵҩɽ⡣
ϲôʲôʱȥ˰ѩȻ
ǰϴҵġҲ㣬һĶֵѶϵˡڤˮ֦ѩһۣȻԵҩҲĶ⡣ֻƵĵҩѲԭŵķӡ
ϻڵķӡѩδͷۣüģӤӤʮꡭ
ڤˮ֦ΪԹߵǺ侲ʮеĺӶˡҼӫ֮ܿŵʦĿ
˵һ̨֮ϣӫһӳӤӤɳȥ̤նȽеŮס
ѩͷ𣺡Ӥ
ģӫӤӤ֮֡ǰѹڤˮ֦պôһ˵ͻȻо˲ԣʶʱѩѾ嵽̨ϣǿֹⳡԾ
һʱڤˮ֦Ĳӣе쬵ģǽ촩·©硣
ʱӤӤУȫѪۣüĵһôĿԣƴҪΪӤӤֹѪ
ȸȥ
æӹڤˮ֦ݹĴƿҩӤӤɲǼմӤӤȵѪ
ʦ㣬ȷţѪȥţ㣬Ͻȥҩãʦ죡
ʱӤӤ΢ʶȫޣ߮ͰŵֱԭذŷӦǱϾûȳ档
ӫԭأ־Ҳţ֪˼𶯷͵Ͱһʱ֪Ǻá
ѾΪλ
ýˡ
ڤˮ֦оԼҪٲ֣Լ»һָ۱ɫâӤӤüģѸٵرϼҪѨλ
µһҽ˵Ĳҽµһ⼸ָ֮ǰȥĵҩֹסѪ
ȴáǼȥˡѩһɨˣԸ
°ɡҲչһӤӤ
ѩ̬ȺǿӲ뿪£ȴǿнӵ
߰ɣڤˮ֦ǰ͹ˡ
ţڤˮڤˮ֦
ͷû˵ʲô

ҡ
СؽӤӤ˴ϣʱӤӤһΪƷ
ϸزӤӤϺͲϵѪۣΪʧѪ࣬ӤӤɫ԰ֽյ˫Ŀ֮仹Ÿոջǰʹɫ
ӤӤǰĿڵ·Ѿץ壬ǰָӡ֣ɼħʱжۡ
ץסӤӤ֣ȷɿһֱץš
ʱӤӤĲϸϸħƣѪңޣʳӤӤԼ欵ɫ
ڤˮ֦Ӧеףڤˮ֦
ӫһԣ
ħӦݵġڤˮ֦ⲽߵ֦ת֦ҶĦɳɳ죬˵ôѪҲȫѹסΪѪûѹס˲Զħħ¹˭Ҳûѹƣ
ʱڤˮ֦Сǰάֵص󳹵ױ̣Ͼҽǧһ𾪵ʧ̬Ҳ
ַ־ǶħƼ׼֮˸
֪֮УΨһ
µĲڳԳݷ˵Ǹˣ



93 
ͥ, ڤˮ֦ⲽѩݽ
˶ڳĬ˲ʲô, Ϊ˶վʲôˡ
ڷħ, ͬһϹڷĳ
ԼǵĹ, ʱڹ̡֮
ǸǰĻɸ֣, Ѿ뿼֮ˡ
ʵǴ򲻹ǸҲ
֮ǰ˵ܽӤӤĶҲô
ڤˮָ֦һػ, ѹ֭ˮˣָЩ΢ǻԭ
ɽⲻ, ֻܽܳħˡҶС
˵ֺϻڵķӣ
ԡ
ҲÿԸԸ⡣ѩ̾˿, Ȼ˵ܳħ, ɡ
û˵ڤˮ֦ҲסҪȥһǲܺħǣϵڵԶԶûԱĿܡ
ں̨֦ͬһԸڤˮ֦Ҳ޷ȫȫ
ʮ, չزˡʱҩ̸ʱ, ϸ첻¡², ȥ̸ɡڤˮ֦һתǼҵСﲻ
ú, ȥԸԸ㡣ǰǵĵӡʵӦʦֵ, κִҪȥѧҩѩ˵, ĿƲɨһ
ѪĵسϣƵĹӦúͱܺϵ
ͽﶼŹҪҵӤӤˡñĳǡ
˵ǿ֡ڤˮ֦תȥһӤӤڲϵħˡ
ӫӰһֻſվţδݣĬĬʩһ

ڤˮ֦߽ͥڤˮ֦䲻֪οڣǼ˵ˡ
վˣЩ۸ӵҽڤˮ֦Ѿϸ
һʱڤˮ֦뽫ӫ󾾳ӫϸϸ˫֮㣬Ǹǧ֣˫޵ϸڲͨ
һεĲҪ˫֮ɽ⣬ֻҪһԷᡣûҪϸ͵ġ
ֻһ㣬Ƿܳڤˮֵ֦ʵĳ̶ֳϣҪȷϰס
֮ǰ͹һЩں̶ʱ˵飬ڤˮ֦ǰǽʱһһʮ˵˳
ʱ֮¡ڤˮ֦֮º֮ϵǲһģ֮ϵ޽𵤣Ҫ֮Թô
ҡҡͷ
Ӻ̶֮ӤӤڵħѾ˽޿ѹƵĳ̶ȣòӤӤɽڤˮ֦ʱ֪ڤˮ֦ѩ֮ϵ˴
֪ЩҲѩˣֻûһг̣ӫ󻹻ᱻλˡס
бǡڤˮ֦˵Ҫڵħ߽ڵǸħһҩڵɶںϡ˺ҲᱣħǷ壬ͬʱħֻҪ˾쵽ڵħӦ֪ΣաӤӤͬ
кβͬ
ӤӤǳ׵ˣ㲢ˡ
С£ܾӤӤĻԥڤˮǰ֪˭ô˭ڱ󡭡ǳô
֪ˣڻûԾ㵽Ž֮󣬱ʦ𶼻㡣
Ȼ֮ǰѩԼҪӤӤӤҲҪʱǲ֪
֪ӤûпǻʲôԥӸꡣҲֱȥҳ
Ǻ͵ѩ˵ͬĻڵû
߬߬ȭͷ˱ʱִݵģѪΪг۳ݺᡣ
ʵģʵȷʵǳСС½֣ѩڤˮ֦Ը
Ҫ쵽ŽףĬ仰ǾܾõĵٶӿͬӤӤһһħ
ҵͷĵ׳Σſ˿ڣ
ڤˮǰһԼ

ô
պڤˮ֦һСƿҩһСƿҩǺغɫմ˱ǣ˲һҡҷ
ֲסҪץȴڤˮ֦һ֦˻ȥСƿܿ챻ϣڸ
֪ЩѪյСܲס˫õġҪڷ
˼죬ҲѩĿڽˣҲͶľѩһģһҲν
ڷ֪ǡ
ڤˮ֦ɫһǿװ򶨣Щӫרңӫ㽲ɡ
л飬ڤˮ֦Ƴһ棬ɵʧЦһ⿴öʲô鰡ȥӫģӫӦв١
ڤˮ֦ƳһӰһվſڵӫⲻҪһЩˣӫȻ鿴ö࣬Ӧ޻ҩӰģӫȴȻ
һСӵݵǰװ޶ùд֡¼ӫ
ɵ飬Ů֮ģĶƶǺܻģʺϳѧ߿ǿˣﻹлЩģֻǺܸӣҲδʵ٣಻֪ѶǳվҪ̽˵֮ˡҶˣѡſͺá
ӫȡ˼Сӣǰ޶ʽӦöһϵеġ
У˫֮ʱ鶯νһǵϲҪĶذסָҲҪú޼
⣬ڤˮ֦̲סһ죬Ļ飬Ҹͷ̽֡Ŀռ佻С
ӫϡ֮˶Դ˴Ǻ޸оģЩҲΪʴϸ¾ͬÿҪγѪǿһһſȥ
ļģһ̾ˣá
һȥϵһ˰ɣ
ѩЦЦڤˮӣǺءڤˮÿװ㽿ޣǵޡ

˼죬ӤӤĵһױȥһȦԭѾݵ·ϻλεġ
Ҫ´ܿȥӤӤУû߼ˡ
Ƭ̣ͥ˵ԼԼ˫ޡӫ֮ģѩ
ϵһӤӤδľڤˮ֦ĿѵҪӫһ
ֻû⣬Ȼܣмǲ㴰ֽȴٳûƣҲ֪ʲô뷨
壬ʺκ˽飬ۺ˭˼ҡ
ӫһһʵһǳԼ޾ɵ塣
µĻͼµı˪ô䡣
һ룬о׹һǧﶥһѹǵѪ̲ס
ԼˮѹѹϢȴ˹ȥˮ£µݸ
ⲻ´˰ɣ
ϱ̫ңܰʲôĵط룬λ֮΢һЩҲʵ̫ˣ˰װΪ¡
ӤӤס豭أʺǹȾѹסϤ˲ˮ֮С
ע콥οӤӤú¡ֻɫһ쳣ָ˲豭
޺ĻˮУ䵹ֻ˸±ӣµ衣
ٺһ㣬ѹһζӵݵУ
鷳ӤӤˣȴûкȣעˮϸŵһĭӳӰӡ
ʵ̫̫԰ףȻΪǷףҲʵƲۡ
ǰҵġⶼӦġæ˵룬ӤӤ
ӦáӤӤ΢΢ԼоЦҲ̫Щܿƽȥ飬þ֮ǰˡ
ԵѾĹϵܺˣ֮ǰߵλǲһˡ
ڵħڤˮǰ취ˡָӤӤֱϣְ취Ż֮ǰĶҲһ


94 
ʵҲȫڤˮ֦İ취, ǵ֮ǰڤˮ֦һСˣҲʦʦ屲ֵģֻ֪Ǻϻڳ
ϻѾϾ˽ǧ, ҼǵúϻطĿɼȹ˶ôԶ¡ƲӦǵѩĹ֮һ
ƿڤˮ֦ҩ, ȴ֪οڡ
ʲô취
ӤӤǺ, ĬҲûشɫΪ֮, Ҳһһֳ
Ҫʵ̫ҩĻ̫ΪΪѡӤӤϵ
ʵҩѾˡ
һҧ, ǹ˵˳ǣҩƵģҩҪ˫޲ܱա
˫ޣ
ӤӤ֧, ſС, ׷񣺡Ḷʲôۣ
û, ûʲôۡ
⵽Ŀ˸ӤӤĵ治ó˵ѣŵʵһ۱ܿ
ûô
֣գûзӦ, ָŲ˼, °ͣԼӡ
ؿĿ˸ŵĻرܡ
ӤӤṴһ£Ҳ, ֻ֪ħ׾پ, ҪԼҳȡħ, ˵
, ܡȻܳܵħ
Ǳ˷Яħأ
ܵġ
Ȼô˵Բ㣬Ͼȷʵûס
µǸԼֻԼԼǶħ֮򲻿˵ӤӤ֮ħľء
˵ǣ硣ӤӤ֣˴Ķͷ󵨵飬Ļ֮ħۼΣһ˹ѪǣὫץѪʹǣǡͲô
ڼǰʵû׻᲻⣬ֻڣľ͵һˡ
ǽ֮ˣٻһʱ䣬ܻӤӤ룬豭һڣѹ˿еѪ
ġ
㲻
ĵ״˵
ɻߣתᱻħԼħЩ˼ӤӤȻš
̫ðˣ㡣Ȼں̨ľŽ߲࣬治ǳ԰׷Ž׵ġˣħ棬žӵӣֻҵɱħʴܺߡ㲻һӤӤǵЦԽ㣬֪ΪʲôҪӻӫô֪Ϊʲô˵ˡ
ӫѡӻʱǾ뵽ӫõڤˮ֦ʱǸ֪ѩڤˮ֦һϵӫں̨õ
Щֵ˵̨Ϊомֵģ̨ǸϷǹΪõĵطѡ
Ҳƥ޿ˡ
ҪҶϷ֣ҲİõػȥˡӤӤĵ
ǡ˫ޣҪ
֮£Ͱ˵аգҲĽӫܶЩĴ䲻
һ˫̧ע
ӤӤҵ˼ǣ㣬ûħҲһ𡭡
վ˼סӤӤס˫һ۾
ǱģεǱǸ
۾סӤӤǰʱЩѣоԼ۾ϵѹɢ֮Ѿˮһı֮С
Ҳ֪Ӧˡ
ӤӤ΢٣УֻݵֻʣһѹͷȫѹϣҲѹûš
ô
ӤӤ۾źûлش
ܵʱͬ⣬ûС
ӤӤӣϲȥˡӤӤ֣٣ڸǽڽڹͷȥᡣ
ҧҧǿ˫ޣֻڵħԼ뷨㡭
⻰һ˵ڣǰδеĳ죬ȴ֪ӤӤλӦ
ԼʦãԼųСŮ˼֮жǶӵ˼㡣
֮ǰûȷļ
ӵǣ㲻أ
ʱҲ
ʱƺûתҲûйɬӤӤ˫ޣܸоӤӤìܡ
Լֺγأ
㡭ûҪġ
ӤӤŴĽŸһڵϣȴ͵شһ飬վȣҡΣˤ˵ϡ
ûаҲոǾ仰
ӤӤ㲻ô
Ҳ롣˫ޣ汻ħ嵳ұˡҡ
ӤӤ˶٣ǿͷʹ˵ȥ֮һҶԣֻǽһˡӦ뷨
Ϊʲô
ˡľأæץסӤӤ֣˵ǱҪóһ𰸡
ӤӤѾ˵ˣ´ƬѪӣĵ̺Ⱦһ顣ͬʱڤˮ֦˷
ڤˮ֦ɫ࣬ӤӤ˿ֹѪҩ˽ȥûкһ׺䶥һסԼӤӤ̧˴ϡ
ʵϲġڴõѪ֮ڤˮ֦̾˿֮£κǸţǼΡ
ӤӤŤӸӽˣֻȷʵҲˣⲻ㻵ȴҲ㲻Ϻ¡
˵ҲӦ뷨ץԼڣȻ飬֮ȴ֮ȥı䴥УȻ˵ҲӦãұҪЩЩ˼Ϊѣ

ڤˮ֦һȻг֮ǰƺʱּ֣һ壬ҲûƽʲôƺԼż
ʲô߰ģҪãôֻǰ㵱㣡
ǡ
ڤˮ֦ҲСŪңԼûʲôΪ췣Լġһʱ䲻֪οȴڴʱӫĵ
֪û˵һΡ֮˵Ļټٵġ滰ȤǼٻҲǷȱ顣
һ
룬ո˫֮£һӦǻ᲻ԼϾܾһ뷨֮ˣո˵Ǿ䣬㵱㣬ʱһӦǶȻܾǡ
ûоܾһֱΪħرܴ¡ĵḶĴۣ㱻ں̨ɱ
뷨ǵ׽һӦ˫ʱʹͷܾˡ֮˫޿Լ侲룬֪ЩдǶѡ
ˮƽҲǺܸߡӫֲһ䡣
ӫһһ䣬˸£ҲعζͷӤӤϸϸӤӤϵѪۣ˳յ䣬һһ£ѪοϤߡ
ڤˮ֦ӫӣʾ߿ӤӤһߵͥʱڤˮ֦̾һִˡӫ󡱼ϣ
ѩͽܵӺܺôҪǺĻҽһʦ


95 
ڵӤӤڼ, ˺ܶ顣
֪ôӤӤļĳһʱΪ֮
֮ǰ, ӤӤֻһӡ, Ǳ, ֮ӤӤϲŭָɫ, ֮ʻ
ӤӤħ֮֮ĽӴŶЩȻٷ˺̶ӤӤһֱ, ѹƷ
Щʱ򣬿ȥչӤӤϸ, ӤӤİҲ١
һ΢ĿԴӴϴ, ӤӤ, æǰӤӤס˲ǵѪ
Ѿϲˡ׽סӤӤζ۾ħʴٶȱѪ޸ٶҪö, ҪǲԸ, ͻ᳹׷ϵ
вô
ӤӤ΢΢Цţִָѳ, ĿڴħǶȥλã
ܸо, ˴, ħħֻħ, һöĹߡ
ʶһħƵʱʱħƵƵڴ󲿷ֵħˣڷ֮ħȴԽԽࡣ
ȻζöħǱ˵ԴԴħס
ΪʲôҪĥҲǱ߿ʼħ֮ʱҲþ׷ħĹʹ໹ûȳɹ׷ݱʧȥʶ
ϱħʱҲʹô
İɡ
ǵϱӣǽħƳ⣬ֻħôױƳȥô
ٶӤӤԼ˵ҪԼħƳȥ׵顣
ȻǸҪնϻѾԼ˶ħҲ˿Ӱ㡣ΪħɣһΪѳᡣ
⻰˵úأӤӤס֮ʱϣסӤӤ½ӤӤһûȣ㵹˹ȥ
ӤӤǰӤӤûз߹üġ۾˫աӤӤܰͬϢںһû˵Ҳûκξٶ
ӤӤǻԷɡ
Ůϴ΢΢κ죬ɲ˵ͷ
Ҫ˶Ŀ˸ת˲صԷؽţԷΧһ磬űӤӤķ䡣
е㺦¡
ӤӤڴϣָʶ߬ڣҿֻǶԼµı
Ҳ飬ֻǰڵħͺ 
Ҫħҡ
סӤӤ򢣬ѵõרϣҪô֮ҸߣҪôܻȥ˱ħ磬ֻħ
ӤӤ磬赭дص˵ѳ֮Ļʵڹڲ죬ܸоǹġ
ڶĸ鷽棬ԳƽＸɣ
ӤӤ֪Ӧʲôʻڵһ£ǱǴûʲô䶯ˡ
˵Ǻ£ҲǺ¡ӤӤС˵Ҫô
Ѿƻˡ֪ӤӤͬ˼̽Եʣԡ
ӤӤ˵ͷ
ûжѾıʽʾͽԡңľϣ¡
Լ
ӤӤһ֣糺죬ȻҪԼ⣬ȴ߶µؽ˰Ҳû⿪Щᡣ
ջ⿪´ԡͰӤӤ۾˫ֻˮУָ⸧ļȵˮఴ
ӤӤǿԼ۾֪Լϲһȫǰܸ߳оԡͰеˮЮӵû
˻ˮƯһ·˳
ϸĽϲɣ˴齣Ľˮƶˡ
һ΢ѹһϢ֮йЮһ㣬˿֯ϸܵ
һֻС
ƣĵοʾֻĵʲôƿһůҺӿ쳣ͨǻ
ëţ۾ǱŵģֻûзϸϸϵϢǹǴϴġ
֮УоԼǹħˮһһϡͣɶļ󡣱ʴƵľ̾綾Ҳһһϴˢ
ݵ֮Уܸоְļ֮ϣǵǳħĵط
㡣
ȻĿǰֻĸӤӤǲսһ£
ôˣʹô
ûУۡӤӤش𣬡һ΢Щš
γţվҲ֮һ飬Ȼڴ֮ǰ˲ӫĻҲд廭ϸ½ģֽѧվǳӤӤʱǵԼһֻһ֡
ѧŻеӣӤӤľ硣ǵļɳڣĽëָżȥ
ƵҩΪܿ㽫ӤӤǹħ˳ħһɲǣȻоԼһ
ѩ˵ǾڷħϵȻڶϻ죬ħħǷˡ
ħмΪǿҵ׺׺ҪԶ׺֮ϡ
ħ֮ߣص˴󺣣ȸŹա
˵־ǲܵġ
ӤӤһεǶӤӤԣħ𣬶ӤӤٰ衣
һʱ飬Ҳ֮ͣͣ£ӤӤ˳Ʋ䣬ر۾
ƺӣӵۿˡ
ȴҲϣȫ彻С
ѹĵ׵⣬֣֮ǰӫҸ棬ָ޼ָƽ롣
ʵʹùָѾĥƽˣδȻ޼һ顣
ӤӤĲ֦ͬϵ¶顣
С꣬ڴ֮ϣڸסӤӤ͵͵
ӤӤ۾ҿھ˺ֵزǿҵĴ̼£ɥʧ˻Ĵи֪һ
ֻƾŸоץµıӣס˫
޷ʱ΢Ц߼ʲô
ƺˣ
Ҳ֪Σûаһõ㣬ֻǴյͷ磬վҲº͵ġ
º͡ô
ҧסǿԼոǹʹڴʱЩͬʱħİ롣
ħͬħ֮еĶء
ʵ˺ġӤӤ˵仰ȴ˵Ȼһֱŵ۵˵Ҳ
ʵڹǰ亹ðʪͷŵ͵ͿһֻҲûпȳѪ
Ҫ֮пȵѪ߰ߣֻ»Ӱİɣ
ܿͣرιһˮ
ǱһӤӤ۾ɫʣҧסĴ
ȫȫҧǣӤӤȸճèСԵҧȴĿɣǸ繷顣
֪ӤӤ״ʱ̫ҲħɳӤӤĿǰѾܺħﵽ˽ΪƽˮƽҪһӶӤӤͬ޷ܡ
쵽ӦҲͿˡ
ڤˮ֦µʱµƳ̡


96 
һҹ
ӤӤ˯ʱ, ȻĿڻ΢ƶ²ʣϰ˯˸þ
û, Ҳû;, ֮ǲġ
ļֻͣչʾԼ֮, ȥԡͰʱԡͰϴ˶ϴ, ǲˡ
չʾûħմȾӦ߲ͬ·ġҲٰܷ֮Լ
û˯Ŀ, Ѿ˶ûзӤӤоģĿƬ̡
Ŀⶨ, һβϡ
ļҵС¶βͣ
Ķ°, Ǿûˡ
ӤӤаЦ, ʲôû˵Ҳûȥ¶βֲǵһ֪Ƕµˡ
ҲûҪ뿴гһձȶʱɫ϶𴩸ʷ׳ʡ
ԼһС˼
ƺǲ, , Ǹβ¶Ĵһ˸һ¡ӤӤæ۾ָŴ, ӪҲǸѻû۵ļ
ۣǸβѾʧ, һˮ˹
ղûϷϸ, ˮ, ȥԷС׼緹
ڼ䣬һֻɵĴǰֻڹõĴ
˭ʱأ
ӤӤ𿪣ֻһ仰
ʹʦԲɻã
˾ıʼдֱ˵ϿҰ⣬ӤӤǳ鴤һ£ݲ˺һҳֽдһ䣺
ã˶ˡ
ĿŴѶɳԷӤӤææոǸһţֽ¨
ԷСϸϸгСΣдѶ˳˽
ǴѶϵ׺ŵһ˪װΣ֪ǴӱԷġ϶ûʲôû
ֻղ׼ţǼ˵ξվСϣһ߲һߵ
¿ǲòˡ

Ҫǹ˼صظӤӤģһ඼۵ͷϣȻ֪϶ù
գ˫޹۾Ц⣺ҿõѣң˵ʲôʱҺϲƣ
˿˿һӵǳ̾һ²ͻƾŽʱҲ١
ȵͻƾŽףҲлӤӤıˣŰ˽ףﻹ
ΪԽߣӴ֮ذһԽࡣѩ𲻿ϸЩʵҲ͸¶ЩȻѩҲûֱ˵ѩ鰸ġ
֪мȥǹΪõһЩҴ壬ͬ߱ȥ֮ǰΪҲһתơ
Щ忿طһһһһţĶ壬ֽùĹ
ѩڤˮ֦˵Ҫ㹻ʵЩԿܱӻҪӻˡ
ѩڣڤˮ֦һ
ŪŽ룬ĵ֪˵⻰ʲô
һʲô
ĳϿĶˣ˵Ҫ״Ԫ½ӭȢŮΪޡ
ԱϣɵЦ˳ЦͷԣЩڲﵹ͡
ͣ룬Ҫ״Ԫ½磬˵жٸ߹ٵŮޣôֻȢһƽŮӣƽŮӣڴһֽ顣
˵鲢ï۾ǿһ
һߣ㲻˵Բ˵û˰ѽ㲱ϱ˵
һ̯֣ӤӤ˵Ž֮൱ڸСﻭС￴üԲ

Ȼ⻰Ҳȷʵַѣ
ʲôʱȽϺã
ԼҪǵˣ¶˵ҪѲװͺǰҪ͵ԣܱ˳Ӧǰס½󣬲
ǣɶ񡣡
ĹңһСӰ
ôˣʣûŵɣ
ãڤˮ֦֮Ҳûʲôĵġ
һе㣺Ƕʶڤˮ֦
԰û˸ʲôҲʶأ
ûбؼڣʶڤˮ֦⵹ûʲôûţӴĶǴϢ֪ڤˮ֦ˡ
ȻҸİҲ֣û֮ǰļ䡣ٿ̧ѹ֮ǰļô
֮ǰļ䣿
ȣҳ֮Ϊɣʮ꿪ʼ𽥾ͬļ䡣Ҷ֪Щͨѹȥļ俪ʼģûܾһЩô
룬ȷвûжûоĶҡҡͷ
ˡҲҲûܾһļ䡣̾ʳУˣ֮λΣȥԼͺáȵȣҹ⣡
ɹ䵽緹ʵҪʳάתӰϲԡ
ӤӤɫӺЩӤӤתã̾һ䣬ͬʱĵһ
ޡ
޾ޣֻ
⣬ӤӤӴϱµΧһȦ磬ϸһȾ
ֻӤӤĸ첲ҲΧ˽ȥ˼Ƭ̣һӤӤԱߣͳ˽ι
Ҳһ
ҿ˭ûе¿ɽ᣿
ܵͶιûڣҴҳǰ͵𡣲ȶ˻Ӧ˸ָͷҲصԷʧ
һߣԷ֮е̶ͬȵطЩù緹֮˿ϣ򿪣һ磬˴ķ硣
ҹһҹ꣬ƲС󣬴ĻҶʪģŸӽˡ
ʱأԲħԵʣһЩȫ泩
ӤӤëʹһһ΢΢ںڽëԼѩӵɣЩɫ˫΢΢мҼ
ֻһĨɫҲûҩʱͶպȵҩԱߡԱ߷ż÷۽
ȻҩǺϰߵģӤӤĵ׻ⷺԵĿܣû˭ϲҩҩ
ҩĶһں꣬Ҫιһһһ׵ιٴ
ԲôӤӤƳɫҩܿĿ⣬
գգ۾۵׵ϧûȥ
ҸоõöˣһӦûġ
۾˸ǳǳ⣬ǳС¹ļĳĵطһ£ǰһӣ
Уȡ
Ҫô֮ǰڵķѪ
һ仰ѸմӤӤȥŪôֲѾ׼ӤӤʵʵҩɱӤӤƣѪĲҲǣҲˡ
ӤӤǹ΢΢ǳЦʱӳ⣬Խǿա
һ˲佫ĵǿΪʱıݳ׻һʱ˾Ͷһ죬Ҳûʲô뷨Ͼҩȥʵڹʹࡣ
Ƶ뷨Ǳѹȥˣԭ⣬ڤˮ֦صضʱӤӤҲĴ󣬹̱Ԫҩ򲻿ɶϣȻܾܿʹ˲
СӲĳҲûãȡ
ԤϣӤӤҲûмĥ΢˵ͷֻһιҩ
ȴҲûʲô޵ġҩ𣬴ʱҩѾˣָתԼ֮󣬷ιӤӤȥ
ӤӤҩʱܹɣС΢زţϿҩ˿ϣǷ졣
ҩܿ˵ףҩ룬۽ιӤӤʱӤӤȴƿ۽ֱĴ
ӤӤľٶʵ̫Ѹ٣һʱ˿ûκ׼
˫ѹĴ꣬ռأʿ֮ƣƵýڽãһʱ඼֪ΰš
Ͷֻ˳֮ʱһɼҺ仺һǸΪ೤


97 
ͷ, ӤӤãԼһö۽ڿ, Թҩ֮Խ͹۽ɿڡ
۾, յ, ůģ롣
һڿҩæ˺üˮϡҩĿ, Ȼҩʱѡҩº͵ҩģϵһһ븹ȼա
ӤӤǳЦֹס´
˵, α𣿡
βһ仰˵ưתÿһתнˮɡ
ڴ, ɬʲô, ȴʼ޼ɵ
оĵص, ϲĸо
岻ãܹȡ˫ޡס󣬽Լ
壬ȤӤӤգգ۾ǽ̿һ˫, ԽҪ׽Ū˼
ʵǸ, ̫أٶҲ˷Ͽ, ҪΪĳһĵ䷶һ
ϣһһǰչزο, ôؽ, ϲʲôôô
ֲǸӸ, һֵıҾ
ʵӤӤɬͳ裬Ǻܶ࣬ٹһҹȨ·ͬһʱҲûжٲס̫֣࣬еʱ򷴵ȳֵϷѲķһ
֮䣬˶иɲһ𣬵˶̶ͬȵľʲôţʧȤζ
Ȼ㲻ԸҲǿ㡣ӤӤЦָָԼĶģһºˡ
סȻҪ֮»᲻ʲô塣
Ҫ벻һҲ̫ˣոӤӤΪԼһڿҩα뻹ʲô⡣
һӻˮ
ӤӤûӦ΢΢һЦſϣͷ
Ůкںķ˿͹˸Ϊʡ
ӲԼǰһ壬ռһؾ֮·Ҫǰߣͱ֮С
ֻǻûüԷнŲ
ӫ
ӫһЦüۼν˪ᣬ˶棬ĬĬŲˮ
ѡһζģ˭ҲĲ裬ǰЩʱصóģӫȴȵרעмֽζ
¶֮ӫ󷽲ſ̾ʦҪˡ
һ䲻ν𾪣ӤӤӫ󣺡ڤˮǰҪպˣ
Ĺϵǡ֮ǰǸŮ

ӫ˵ͷ
ڤˮֻ֦һʱÿͬΪ飬Ҳʲôڤˮ֦Ҫٴһˣܸоʲôһ
ʹѪ죬ľ
һ㶼ϡмΪŨʱ򣬼ٻ
ʣܵأ
ģȥûд¡ӤӤԼλø
۾Ϳӫ˿յԴͷ
ڸڵԺŪݣһǰӭ˳ȥڣ˫ҽߵĶĿɨ¶Ƥ
ӻ
ɨӹۡ
ȱ첲Ȳɣ
һأ
ֱۣǰںϺõĸ㣬ƽϲġ
ʱӤӤٿ֣ͬʱ䣬ǺĴڣʱ׼ߡ
ϱʱѾˣʻվǰͷɵü¶ס˴˼
סһȻָ⣺㻹ô
û¡ӤӤҡҡͷԼߵѪ˵ҪȥڤˮǰǱˣ
š˵ͷˣҲ֪ӤӤⲡ֢Ǽβõģҽҩ֮ѧôãҲԸķϣͯʱµҲ
ֻǻش𣬡ڤˮǰʦˣȵҾȥڤˮǰСҲʦͽֻѧ޵Ӷѡ
Ƭ̣ûÿӫԺſ·õķȥˡ˴γǱӫ̸ҲҸɸǻȥ
Է߹żϥһżһ£ǰ΢ڣ˳ƱˤĻС
ڷϴʪȵһЦ
ôߵӫ󣿡
Ƭ̣ӤӤɵݸҪӫһƭҿĲ㡣

Ȼ˵Ҫ˫²ܳ׽ħһʱӤӤӾͺ˲١
˫ձ¶Ѫɫ·һ京ŵõ塣
֮Ͳ͵Ҫվѵġֻ⣬ѩˣڿ̨ϣž˾С
Ȼδ̨ڵǿħǴֻڤˮ֦Աߣʱסħķ
ѩҲħֵһɲǣʧ֮С

ɽ
ɢָƵħԴ죬æǰʲô
ں˿˿֮ħٷʱħǻ˿üͷ΢лᣬȥħô¡Сһθ£ǿ˿λó˲
˲С岢ûн˿ֲħô̧֣ƽ˳üĵơ
ɣûˮƳһۣûжٶκۡ
СûҪңġ˭Ӱ죬ҲֻǼλˡ
ЦЦҪ˭ֱӷԸˣҡ
򲻹ǡ
ϵЦݽһ£ĿڣǴҪôӦԣ
δ𣬵ȴһƽյĲԾʴݣ֡

һ֣ܿųվ
λ˻Σվһסļ򣬳æס˳˼£վΡ
ˣ۾
£һʱܿˡҧܸоǹΣյϢԽԽѾԥȥˡ
ҪˣѾ֡
ĻȻֹ
еˮƬƬ˪ڵϣѩ磬ھӨ͸ı˪֮ʱɽﾹƮƮѩ
ɽôܻѩ
󾪣Ҫų뿪Ǳ˪ٶȼ죬ʱ̶ס˵˫㣬ԭأ˿á
ڿȥ
ɽ֮£ȻվһӰ


98 
ǶľƤЦⲻЦ̧, ľԶΪβһ𣿡
ѩ𲢲ԣݱ˪, սץԼǰ
һ, ķ, һɫҰףǧ, Ȼݾ£͸¶Ϣʵ˸վ͸оһʣרħ޵䡣
ѩ, һͬйʦ֮ģȴĶ˻һһʼͲϲֵħѵ, Դ޺ѵĺӡ
ǧ, ƽ֮Թ
ľ, Ǵǵˡ˿ڣĳƺ֮УǹͬĵʲôľҸ
ڽǹͬǰȽǱȽǡ
Ľ֯, ʶ˿ֵ, Ŀ˿ѩĽǰ˿ûκεֿ, ѣһѵķ, ഹڿƮ
ľѩûкǺ̸˼, ҡҡͷ, ʱҡͷǷϣ⻰˵ȴûһ˿һΪԼ˼
ҵԶȶľҪֻһԶľﱣ֤һǹͬĵ׷ɱסʱڶ˽Ϊ׵
һ˵ţһŽ磬Źֵúܣѩһնϣȴʮʮ״̬˻±֮ϣ˲ɽʯһء
һʱ䳾ɳѱգ¡¡ʯصɽ֮У׽ٰʶҪ󣬵ȴסˡ
ˡ
һ磬ڳŲס
Ȼ˵һĨѪ˿ԷĽȻĲС
ĽܷסйҪԷߵΪзǶľѩĽǧǰε˿
ħ಻ǿսʱսħԼͲףڲ࣬˵ȫûĵط
൱ڸħԵǽ
ҪȥͶľѩ潻档ֻķֶãһ߿ƽ磬һ߿Ƴ̫ʱѩսȥҲûʲô
ֻǾˣɲ죬ѩɫþһ֮ͫһĨĺ棺
ľһҾӦöľ֪Ǵʲôתġ
仰Ȼѡ
ˮɱֱ̧һİħ⽣ӡȻ£ֱͬ۶˺촷ۡ
ɫѪѪӿɽڣһźֲ֮ήľ㡣Ѫһ־綾
˫˲Ѫһ˫ѪͫųҪ֣͵رһ׷˳ȥ
һŮվǰͬѩԶ
ѩ˵ҪҪΪС
Ūеһ仰ѩһ֮ʱâȥΡ
ؼ޷ĺۼ

ѩصá
Ԥһڤˮ֦ѾݺòˡһѪۣڤˮ֦˼
ӤӤȻԷˡ㿳˳ˣ
ѩͷ
㣿
ԡ
Ȼڤˮ֦̾ǽ޵֮ˣҪߣû¡Ҳ˽ҡ
һһԳĬԡ
߸ͬʱ򣬱˴˶Ա˴̫˽⣬һһʽһһ̸Цܾ׼ܿ
ǳʱһɱϵ˾Ͳҵ˵ġ
ͳǾŽףڤˮ֦Ϊҽºͣɱ̫ǿѩվΪʱڵ뾭ѵڰ˽ףλ׵ѹע޷ܶʱɱ
ǲܶʱɱҲҲǵӰջ
ǰ˵а취ҵ
Ѿ£ӤӤ⼸Ψһһ
˶ӣչھĬ
Դ޻ָĳ޻Ӵ˶ʱѾͬǵĹȥһնˡ

ԷС
½ԷֻǲģӤӤ
ֻ밲һš
ӤӤ˱裬Ĵѹ΢ЩɫˣҲϴ֬Щˡ
ħҲܳΪħˣħշ磬˿˭Ҳֲˡ
ħ𣬺˿ڲ裬ӤӤеʻȴǹ֮ӤӤԸƯˡ
̲סִӤӤ򢣬ϸꡣ
ձЩ֮ǰݵöҪ࣬ɫҲ֮ǰҰףɫǺٵ
ָ˰ӤӤüģ۽һСϡ
ǣԽԽƯˡ
Ĺͣ
ӤӤЦţУкת϶Щ⣬ȴҲأ뻳ĸо֮ǰͷѵۡ
ӤӤЩҪ㣬Ҫǽһӵ顣ֱ۴ӤӤ䣬Լб˱øȡ
ԼӤӤģ֮ʵʣӦˡⷽĹǼΪͳġ
ЦǾŽٽɾǺƭӤӤҲеȵӤӤָ֮Ҳðѽճ̡
δ֪ô࣬ôſһӱտһӡӤӤգգ۾Ҫ;ˣܴô
һǲģվҪˣ߳·ֻµһΡ
ν¶ˮԵ²ˡûָһһһ˫ˣֻҪ֮ݵһʾͺˡ
Ǿܶȴ㹻ʣʱ¹ȥܾãǰ֡
ǲͺˡͷ䲢ǿЦʱԣһ𡣡
ҪħҲҪһô
ָһ£סĶ䣬ţ˵ħ嶼ǳ˵ģϲϸƤСҪǳħͰץȥһڳԵ
ӤӤڵ׻ܾͷ΢ЩʱͰЪϢ
һЪϢ͵˵ʱ֣ӤӤ۾Թϴ᲻֮ǰͰ࣬Էû
ҪͰֻ࣬ǽⶾȴûʲôȤԡҲ֪ǲǿʲôϵз̲ģŻһĵ
ţԽƣɶµӣúøʾһ
ȱ˯
Ժ֮Уӫ
Ǹµģǰ㿴ŵĻᡣʦ͹ĿӦüˡ
֮еӤӤɾͲˡ
ôӫأ
ǰӫֱʱӫѾѧ˿ָĻӫԸֳ߶ȽܵΪãⷽ㷢ʣӹ˼꣬ѾԴ˵Ϊָܸͨˡ
ǷҳɳɳӤӤסؿڣԼͨͨͬʱľΣȻ˳ȥ
ӫʲôӡ
ľߵſڣʣ˿ĲʣҪôͨ˿񣬻
˿ͺáӤӤƤ⽿ۣסͨӫ룬һѡΪҪԶӤӤߣûҪʹȵӤӤΪʱС
ΪȻ˵ͷ·ҳ
ˣ֪ʦûи߹㣬һʱÿһڡ¸£ʵӳʱ䡣ӫ󲹳˿֮ҿ˶һϵġʵûôã֮Ҫ˿ʱĦ󴦣Ѫ
ӤӤڵħǿħ֮СʹʦʽڴٽӤӤڵħֻǲ˹
⣬ӤӤѾɺ죬ĬĬԼľ壬ѱͷװ˯
ξǿҲǸ⣬Լӫһֲ©شС


99 
ΪԻ, ҹ봵ϨʱӤӤס֡
ź, յ, ʲô
ץԼ, ָڱ߬÷ףӱѳ, ɱϼס
оԼŵЩӣҲҹķҲ, ߡ
Ůϸ֫ͬڴˮס
㡭
ӤӤĿ, ŵǷ֮ʱ, Ȼԭĵֿ뷨
㲢ֻȾҹ, ʵʵĹЧֻ䲻ڱ棬յĿĻǹ鵽̾ڵħ˳ɵڡ
оǻħĶħĸоЩ΢ʹ, , ٻʵʲôûУֻ, ܵʲôָ, һ
΢ȵ, һû׼á
, ԼఴĿڣϵĲʣȴת֮С
Ŀڲ
߬סӤӤĸ֪δӤӤڲħи֪ӤӤڲֻħһħֻпصģ̾ôõħֲ֢Ҳ
ӤӤ΢΢ſ꣬ϢֻͣʲôеƿǳǲĤѿ
ϸ΢ˮӳʪϣơ
š΢΢ͷͷ߲ϵıӣܰҰѱӽҿôȡ
ƿ֮ʱӤӤõȸӨ͸ƿߡ
дӡӤӤһҪ󣬡ӿһ㣬̫ˡ
Ӿ봲齻һľ룬ҪƱҪ߹һζ̶̵·˳ֽӤӤʪļһǻǽ˻һС죬ɴó
һͷϵ˲ˣĿƣֻ޵̺ϣһ޵ĺɫӰѩҰ֮ϵѪɫܣ֮£˸ϸ΢⡣
մȾǧ쳾ɫɶߢܿǳ
¹ɴкŮӰ¹⣬·˯
û˯֮Уټĺš
ʱ֪ڤˮ֦ԶһЩħʱõƽյ
Ӱ컹ãӤӤӰ졭
ϾվǺϻ֮ԽԽܴ˲Ӱ졣Һ֮ǰӤӤˤǰë̺ȻӴֱӹϣ⽿˵Ҳö༸ࡣ
ӤӤӵϱӤӤղͨȫޣһͽͷ
֮УӤӤоԼ־ʱʱޣո˵ϣתö˶˻ص·ʱҵոǵýġ
㣬ûô
ոտˡ
ǻƵӤӤ˸ƣ΢ЩżһǺȡ
ºܸߡĿɨӤӤӣԼ¶ļ涼͸һ㲢죬¸һ룬Ҳܸоȳ˸Ҫߵ¶ȣĴӤӤؿڣ
Ҳܿ졣
⻰û˵ֻ꣬üͷһϸܵʹű£ԼԼ
̧֣ӤӤ
ţǹϸܵʹתƵָ⣬˵ʪļѹСƤûҧơ
ǱŪģ
ӤӤٿӫ۵飬üҧĲתͷȥҧʱǹɺϢٶϮڵħҴܣ·Ѫٶ׷ȥҪѹƣӤӤѾħĥ۵ûûڡ
æӵס˹ͼӤӤħ룬ӤӤ۵ʵܣˮӿʪ
ħ΢ĳӤӤоЩ֣ѹסȴֹסġ˫ȲܿƵؽϡ
ħɴƿڣϺϣһδΣһ飬ԴԴӤӤоۼһͷ˿ɢס˰ӣͬҹ޹
ǰ˫ȷֿҲϾʱҲҪʲôˣ֮г٣Ҫıǽ׵ļ׵⡣
Ҫֱϰϸճڴˮн͸˵һʲôԼ
ֻǾָоڻԣϾͻ󻯡ӤӤļ磬ײײ봲ߣ˫ȵħʧһȫգһΣˤ˵ϣ̨䣬ȼһԵ鰸
ƣ̱ǵζǺӤӤǺȲֹڵϿԣµص־裬ʶ΢£ʱڵ̺ϣֻѪ¹䣬ѩ̺һɫΪͻأ
û£ѾˡոͻȻµҪʲôӤӤӵϷ͵ƳӤӤһ̯գѪɾ˱ˮ˹
ȣȿȡ
ĿһŶûɢȥӤӤƿ֣ԣûȳʲôֻǾǻƶ²ѡ
֫УӦ
תָϣסĴţֻ̲Ǻ˳ǵʱӤӤоԼֻιȥһΣֻҺûз֡
ڵҹ룬죬ӰͥԺǽߡԶһЩħ
ɽʱѾԶԶǰԤ㣬еŮӱڵֿѪȻʺϼȥ
ӤӤ
ǰҹʱʱѵŮӿϡ˫쳣·޾»ϵĴ˸⣬㼯˫۾֮С
մѪΪոһʣǰһױ΢΢ӻ֮г޺÷ϸ֧룬Խʢš
޵֮߳ŮԨ
ǵٷѩĿຣͷɲһ財
׹޺ɫɽȻͬϢǡôһ΢΢Ц˲ڿоȿȶ򣬻˶ĺԨ
ںѡӤӤӺ˿ˮ˲õѪȣ㲻ʲôô
ͻ⣬˵͵Ļ˻ȥ
ӤӤ𴽽ǣһЦݸûƭ㣬ڸо˺ܶࡣιȥҲѪ
֣ŵԼһ£ú룬ѵʱԺ󣬶һкܶࡣ
˵֮кܶʱ䡣
ʶָ֣ϸܴʹӿʮָģӤӤɲǰҹһҧǺҧȥ
ӤӤ֮ѪζڷѪ֮£Ѫ˱ţ᲻÷£˫Ӹˡ
۾Ƿ֣ҡҡλߵķ˿£ӣ¡
°͵ͷ
Ҫ㲻룬ҪҰô


100 
˸ϸεǰ, 𪣬ӰӰ´ѵħƣʢŵɫ
˿, ڰӳ, ˵续, ֻзꡣ
и˳ԣҹĻ֮Ȼıһ, ̲ס֣
˿Ļ̽ȫò
¹䣬ҹ, һ˿ûУҹĳ΢̴˰ס
ָ˳˿֮, ͣ֡
ӤӤȷؽһ
Щ, ֻͣ, ɲûأ˶ҵ
ӤӤ㲢ǡӤӤô
ȻӤӤֱ׵ķʽµʱ, ӤӤǼΪӵ, ֮ǰԣһʱˡ
ȻӤӤʱ, ΨųġҲǰֱ̹׵·
֮󣬷·ȫؼ䶼һո΢١
ܾ, üԼ, ҪԿϲ١
ӤӤת, ߳˳˫ͬȼ棬ҹɫ֮յøҡ
ŶӤӤЦһո£ָһ´ϵãֻһʶ֮⡭ʲôҲǡȻˣҲΪҲӤӤ
ʲôʶԷݣʱֱӴֱӤӤȥǵزӤӤָöһҲӤӤ
ͨԸоĿϲƽＫ¶οǿҵĿϲ
ʲôˣ
ҽӤΪһλ͵ķϵܺáӤؾش·ͬʺú˳һöӽĳ𣬡ӤӤҵת
תת
̫ȡ˻Իعۺħȷ֣֮Ѫô
Ӥϣͷע
ûʲôǰĸ߸ϣΪĽΡ
ǰħˣ־ͽʱҲϲ㡣ӤĿ֮¶ЩתįǣɢˣҲˡǧǰˣֱ̽ռҵĲл꣬ʱҲ֪Щ
ϢǼģȻ֪ǰħ˵һЩ飬Ҳ뵽᲻ǷѪеδ뵽ԭǽǰĹϵ
Ȼ㻹ǵǧǰ飬ܸܲңʱ򾿾ʲôǰԭ֪ô
Ӥݸֻ֪֪ⷽ棬ҺѩĿһӦھ͸㡣
˶٣ֵ˱ϰóϰħ˵ħ򣬶ħ׺ҪԶʤ
ӣҡҡͷ
ں̶ԣӤӤǰĿ뱻ħʧȥǡ
кܶʱ߲ͬ㼶⣬νܽ˽ѹƵԭ򡣶ħȻħȻͬԴ֧ͬݻ֮£Ѿͬ׵׷ֿˣĲ㼶ѹơ⣬ħʧΪһõѡ񡣡
Ӥ֣ŵǰ
ᣬպ壺ԣħעСԭһħ
һӦʱѾħעʱо·תζɼħɭȻöߣܸожɲ
һƽԷİɽͷ⡣
飬Ӥ֪ѾӤ˫ʮָһֱע
㵣ĻħմȾԻǣȥҵһˣȻܣֻӤӤܲ򴥷ҵֻһﲢԶɽ߼رǡ
˵仰ӤܿͲۣӤӤԻؿһȦΧվǰ˼ɵ
ʲô
ǸոյĻԸʱϢӤӤоԼ岢ʲôʡ
ֻӤӤˣ֪ǸӤѾƿӤӤ壬ӤӤѾˡ
ûʲô̫ˣǾΪá
סӤӤϤģӤӤ֮ഺˮһС
ϤӤӤ
֪Լǰ˷ֵǰʮ֣ϼĵ׵ĳ嶯
˯ǰһô
ӤӤǳǳЦһ£ż⣬Ϣǳһ¡Ĳࡣ
һʱͻȻͷӤӤֶܽǰҹжá
ʱӤӤһ˳ܵ磬ڣ۵ҲֻĬĬᣬᷴץӣҲᱨҧ
ഥǳ֮ʱȴȻɿӤӤκصþһڼƮҡĲл
ᴭţ۾Ϊȴ³˹컵Ϊһ£ãĿƵܡ᲻˶һϧأ
ǵʱʵҲԻ
ҲᡣѪɫ˵˫ϣԽϸ΢ΪϢܿ죬˵ѣô
Ҫ㲻ңԺҺܿʱԣҲܻҪ֮㻳УǳӰ
ģҴû˭֮
Ȼ֪ӤӤҪʲôĵƫƫҪϷŪӤӤ뷨ӤӤһʱ䣬Ըó
˫ɫڱΣ֮ǰҲһǹˣ
ûУôܡ
»ת˲ɢȻûеĻôȷ˲֮У
СɵĴ𣬴ϢԽȣӤӤǿӣļ羱ȥֻ΢Ƿӣصȥ
ѾûȥˡӤӤԽˣҪô
ʼգĿ׷۾תΪԣĿ⣬֪ӤӤҪʲô
΢΢ͷҪҪӤӤҪ󣬿ӤӤĳϣİʾӤӤ͵Ĵ꣬;ԣֱӽҧס
һ˲ıӤӤϢңվɿ죬ƺֻǸո֤˵һգ˼۾·˵ǡ
ֿܵӤӤϻ˵ͼ
Ҫˣֻʾһ顣
ͷӤӤһӤӤλģһǣͷ֮еǱֱĽ֯ɢ
ڴ֮в࣬繣һĵף೤־á
𽥻£ԼԭӦøӤӤʲôʱӦɵɿʱҲûʾ
ҺܸˡӤӤĺԽϸһÿκʱҶܻϲҸоΪܡ
֣ץץڣҪĲнһʱȴתĿģתȥ
һֻ£ֻʶһڣɿ֣׹䡣


101 
һҹ
͸ɴбб, ӤӤֻû
ֻһˣѾȥѩЭڵˡҹһ, ɴ, ԼԼ벻̫塣
ֻǵŬʱ, ͻȻ뵽вЩ˵߰ġƺҪȥʱ, ʧȥʶ
ӤӤ糺һƬ
ʵô˵˵飬ܹ鲻̫ϵ̨档
, ¶˰ɣ
ӤӤҪԼڱٲˣзһ, һ¹ؽڶĵۡ
ǰҹδҲ̫ˡ
ӤӤĵ׷Թ, ָץ±, Żʹ¡
ʱˡһʳУõĿʽ
ڤˮǰңҸҩ࣬û갾, , ࡣ
ʳУӤӤԹ

ôЩԾ, ܵطӦ᲻ħµ˥΢̽һ, δӤӤħ
Ȼ쵽ӤӤĿΪԹˡ
ŪŪ̫ˡ
һ仰³, ʱֻ޵, Ƭ̣ӳӷһƿҩ
Ƕǰӫġӫƿҩºܳãºּؽʹ֢
ó
ԺǣһĺáӤӤ̾۽Ӳ˲࣬ϸҩ
ȻзѪãϸҩûʱͻָԼ´߶ʹ˵壬ڴ֧ʹܲԲ
ڼɵԴǵǴ
˵ʦƽΪϸɾȻ֪״çײﻹһԣ
ӤӤͷǣƳһۼгʵ͵Ǿǣŷĥҡ
һӤӤȵȥڤˮǰѧɹҿܲܵһҩ㱨ѩޡ
תȫӤӤ֮ˡ
ôҲˡ
ǶС׻ˡ
ڿ֮û죬ҲǱ̿ƢͼӴ׵˵˼䣬ɷ˵Ҫˡ
һʱԷ֯Ƶ֪ĻΪĸٸﶷڵȻ棬Ӳûһҵֵġ
ӲңΪϲĲҡ
ѩץһѹڤˮ֦ӤӤǰһõģ²ؿŴ⶷Ķˣ˵˭Ӯ
һԵӫǰԼʦӡ
Ĳֻ֪֪ǸͽҪըˡ
Լã
Ժηηȣȥ˼á
ڤˮ֦ҽߣݵķȨΪʸ
ѩΪȻͷ˵ʲôأ
˫˳ΪԿɽùҪѱΪù֡
ڤˮ֦δ䣬ֻ۵۵ϱڲԫ֮кȻɳһһӰһݺһߵǽϣһϡ
ӫԾСеĹƤûֱӵȿǡʱڤˮ֦ȥץһӿǡ
ѩֻã֧ʹͽܡ
ڤˮ֦³ĹƤսѼȥ
ƳһӫֻӫɫȻɵʣӫʲô
ӫ⣺ʦȥдһ¡
ûڤˮ֦˵ʲôѩƶЦðͽܣ۹ⲻ
⽣̵ģ̵ģ
Һʦֶʦһɣ˭̵ʲô𣿡ѩЦЦˣҵĹӶԹˣʰоְɡ
ըҲԷֻݡڤˮ֦Ȱ˵֮£ԽΪݵĿҵʱҲݲݽ˹ȥ
ڴ֮ӤӤܸоȷʵС˲٣ȵصһգڵħȫħ߽֮ѡ
һˡӤӤУ̾һʱ䣬Ҳˡ
кࣿͷȴû˵ʲô
ûжӤӤӤӤ屻Ӥռݵ顣
ȴŰӤ˵ȥˣħˮƽȷˮǴߣֻħˮƽ֮ϡ
ټ֮ħƣҲ׷
ħ迼ԼΨһĵʵԼ
ħģڶħ޷ԼĶԿʧǣ޶ȻڻûĸоֻĳһҲᲽЩ󳾡
ӤԴӤӤȥһΡֻǲ֪ӤӤǴԿףӤҪٶȸӤӤ
иطҾбҪȥһΡ
ӤӤᣬ˸պ§ס˴Ӻס
͵Ķˡ
ӤЩ˳ھʣʲôط
㻹ǵöǰа֮ǸˮôӤӤϱõĻԵг
ˮ
ɽУ
ĵطոӤԵĵص㼫ΪǺϡ
һʱа֮У߮Ǿ仰˴һӤͯ񣬹ʻϹһĸӤ
ⲢʲôĸӤǽӤͯҲӤ
ͻȻҲʧ޻սҡʱӤνɣɢ

պ̤ǰ·
ӤӤԤȾͿҪԼһݻԵڿǵǣԭӤӤģȡֻ¶ӤӤƽ
ħɢӤӤӹĺã֮ǰһ߼۵ӤӤ⼸ߵ·ָôԶ·̣δЩۡ
ֻΪϴаңڱ̨ţһûֱӽȥӤӤ룬һӣ˵һ䡣
ˬҹڷߣΧ˴˷ġϡ
ϰϣҶۣã
ҶҲ۵û·ʦ֣ˡ˭ķûɡ
ҳܿʱҧһھ͸оЩ
ܲܿ㣬涼վˡ
ӤӤһۣղ̲סһӤӤ
СɾȻַӡ
û취߶˵ʳ򵥵⿷ʽ߼ĵɽҲø򵥵ַ
ͱ磬̨ӰͶ
ڳˣӰͶһӣʲôӰ졣
˳üصȥֿȱʱ͵͵޽
δضѻ˺ҳӤӤ䣬ûǰԺֱȥ˺ԺǴӺԺשõСӣСװһֻԵ
ԺĲݴһ˸ߣ߰ĳڶ죬ӤӤŲٿһͣס
ͬʱһ
Ǳˡ
ֵطҵ˱ǲ˳ӤӤָǸȥ
ֻľӳ֮վһŮӣŮ鱦ţ죬ĳ˼ҵĹŮ
ʲôŮֵط
Ůתɨһ۶˲ķһЦ
˺ˣ
Ӻ
ȥ


102 

ڤˮ֦ǵĽ, ЦᶼҪѩһԣĬ, Ѿ齫ڤˮ֦¼
Ǽİᡰ, ųǰȻΪ, Ҳôϵġ
Ҳᡰ׹ǡ
ӤӤоĿǰʲôҲԾˣᡰ׹ֱӴ
ⲻǻڤˮ֦ѩô˶š
ȻǶ, ҪǹȥҲ˽⣬Ͼ֮࣬಻ȫ
ڤˮ֦˵, ͳһŵͼǰչ
ͼϲƲԭشããĮ, ڴĮ֮ɰ鹴һȦ, ᡰ׹ǵλá
ɵʣڤˮǰ˵Ҳᡰ׹ǵλôȦô£
˳ɳԨ, ɳԨųᡰ׹ǵĹ硣ᡰ׹ǲ̫Զ
صѾָķ˵ͼ׼ǰɳԨ
ɳԨųǧǰһųǣͨıؾ֮·ֻźĵǨ, ɳԨų, ããɳ֮С
ǰɳԨʱ䣬˳Ҫһ, ڤˮ֦ػС߮ҲҪչزһԴĵڰ, Ҫɽ
׵, ʱΪҲ޷
ǰ, ߮õһͷƷӥһ̣Ʒӥɵü죬ٻʱ޽֮󣬱Ѿͳǧ֮ң
ǰߣǹƳˡ·죬ֻ΢ΧĽ񣬱ϳ˷λȽƳסһټǰ
ӤӤ˵ͷ
Ƴطܶ죬ŪʽóԵģǴӹƳǴġ
ƳֹȻţڽϵˮǣ̾һΡǽƳȫΨһһ̨ƵĶǳء
Ƴǳǽʣرɭϣ۽߽֮ϵڲt̨أϸߣֲԣϱǰʡ
͹ƳǳǾʶʾرԶС
ϧȥˣʱڹƳУȻҶٻܸʶ
ƳǳʲôˣӤӤɵʡ
Ǹͨ˰ɣˣҲһ룬˻ش
ӤӤȻ˵ഺ࣬פôͨģ
ط¡
ڹƳǳʱһ䣬Ͼ˼ҵĳǳأ˽ܹðġ
ƳǺƣȴڵĸ࣬һޱĳǳأڴСܿħ޹س̻ɹ
ԭƻֻڹƳͣһҹձɳԨķȥļƻܿΪڵҹסĿջ
ʲô£ƫƫǹƳǣƳ˼ݣȫ֮ߣƫƫڳʱֱǰѳ水ڵѹ
Ƴȫ̽ϣκ˱ԭأжֱˮʯ
Һ֮ǰɹ㹻ĸӤӤجģһ̯̾һȫ̽ϣҲ湻רεġѹ̨
Ƴǰ겻㾯裬Ҳ
ȫǽϵԭĽֵĲ¥ĳѻȸƳֻرȥһضħ޶ΥĽϹء
˾ӤӤɵú棬ʲô˸ڹƳǷѪ
ڸƵĹƳǣóȻþǳرǵ춯ʱѯʡǸزŮӣر˾衣¾ͱӤӤ׳˻
ڲ²ħΪرԶӤӤ½ݣѹѹĿڣãħĴĿʹȫħħޡ
ĵĶɵס󣬹еĿˣ
ӤӤЩ˼ص˵ͷûû£ֻǱͶ٣Ӧòʲô⡣
סһ̽飬ü𣬿ӤӤĻˡ
ҽü̾
ϴڤˮǰڻ඾صüסָ⣬콫뻳У⼸úϢҲǻ¡
ӤӤһУȥ˯ˣľȴ۳һСˣһһߡ
ķڿջĵֺŷҲǶ¥ӤӤ嵹ڷϣĹƳرһȥϸĵرϸ˽ȥ
ͳ죬ҵѾȫħħޣûз´˰ɡ
˶ôҲҪϸʣ©
شرӣǣ
˵ţرǾҪСָܰ£ʱһƷȻӤӤҲʱ˵أȻ俴һޱɫŮӳڷͷ䣬ţ⻪
ֻһץ㽫ӤӤľץġӤӤû쵽ʲô⣬ƺץֻΪ棿
ӤӤһţŮſãŮƺֳ
ֳֻѪ죬һ߰׹ǺȻڴϣѪڴ£ѾӬųӤӤ⾿жš
ǣ׹ǵ̬ۼ·ֻ˯ʱб׸׸ʱ˿ûз
ƳǵرԼرͳŮӵ׷¹򣺡μ
ӤӤͷһ˵ƳǳֻͨˣΪξһ۷
ŮƳһ۰׹Ѫ⣬ҡͷ˰زˡ
رͳ󾪣ΪβɣҪǴȥƳǵǺã
ȡ֮ˣȡ֮İӲǹϽķΧڡŮӵȥչۼ¥ϵĿջӤӤڵǼ䷿
Ƴǳ֣ñط꣬һ񡣡
죺ķôôͻȻˣ
رܣЦˡƳǳ콫ӤӤľУСһȤϲصץƣ￴ɺã


103 
ӤӤ, ܵţҪþصԼڣ֪ǹƳǳʲô, ľ񱻹̶һ, ˿ˡ
ıQ˼, ֶȶ̣ûվžһˤƺûϤԼиСı, һЩӤӤľָγȥ
ǡ
Сһսǰϸꡣ
ҡ
һĴյʶ֮, ͷͿСһСϸ첲ָ, Լȥ
ӤӤ
æס, ҪȥСһ˻ȥ, оָһ΢Ĵʹ
Ǳʲôһ¡
̲סƳǳ
ϲļôƳǳЦͷ磬СһﰮתҪСϡܶˣܳƳ, ɸŲ𡣡
лѡ
л, ָСɵľ壬ӤӤĴдͬ, ӤӤļȥĸоһ̵ˮ, е, ָкܲ
ʵ屾Ӧûʲôо, κǹƳǳ̫ܵҲͨһ
ֽʱоԼǸḧСҪɢֻҪ۾ĳ˯ȥ
ҪŲҪСԴ
ӤӤһʱ̲סſ죬ʹڸָҧһڣץӣſָ
Ƴǳô˳棬΢΢һЦСͦײУҪȥһô
ʶ£ģԼͺá
һ΢ʹڱʲôҧ
ˣűӲáƳǳת˻⣬һ鱨֪ԸԸ
Ƴǳ˵ĸоˣںδ·һ㴺ҰԣǰݺºͣȻɣǺϰö
Ƴǳ鱨̫ˡ
ƳǳЦһﶮ
˵ţ˫ֽڳһҪ̸̬ӣϵ
ƳǳṩϢڽ̸˵ǡôġ
Ƴǳ˽Ƴеÿһ飬ˡħ񣬵ظĻֻ꣬Ҫ˹ƳǣϤڹƳǳķ֮С
ҪʵǣЯһöᣬǴӺε
Ƴǳ쵽΢裬򴽣ԼոյĻһ˵
ģԵֻǺ档
һܺõ˵ǣ˽֮˾ʣ˵˸оЩð˾ö⡣
ӤӤİץץģʾ˼
ܵĴ⣬ӤӤ˼Ϊ˶ԹƳǳʾãǽö˳
֮ϵħѾɢȥĥ𣬱õģвٵط¶ͷźҡ
ˣһö̺֮һܼģӦһС
ᣬһλˣλϣҲиһģһᡣֻϴαλжʱǹƳǰݷñöҲ𡣡
΢΢üʾζŨﲻ֪ʶĹһλô
Ǹ߰ļ۸񡣡
ѵġ
Ƴǳһ˵һһ̶Ȿô
ƳһԼСɵľ壬ӤӤҡͷҽأ
ǱǡƳǳһƢ̶һߣ֪ѣ
ͬڤˮ֦еѣİ
ӤӤָ̽ͷƳǳ
ƳǳĦ̸ϵĻƣĿζϣ
ѵ֮Ӳ
仰˵һһ٣֣أܹƳǳ߳Ƶѹ仰¶֣ػ²ķ
֮УһӲԼ˵Ҫ֮ӲһζŴ֮˴ѡ
Ȼǲλ̨Ͱףͽڤˮ֦ҪߵλʲôѣӤӤȻ
ӤӤǵãλѣݻĳһ
㣬ȥĻ֪ѵʲôӤӤĵ״
⣬ԹƳǳ˽⣬Լһ¹Ƴǳƺǰ˽⣿
ˡǰһʣԱѵأȻ˵һҲϴ۵㡣
֮ǰ⣬΢ӦǰǴζɽʧܣ֪㲢ʱѾɢ
˲ʲôħħֻҪħһ࣬ʹһֱսͷҲԥӸ̤꣬˵Ѫ
Լ˲ʲôָҲϲܾȿȶܾȣֻԼһĶֵأǹŵˡ
Ƴǳһ䡰ǰƺЩã֪ΪǳƺΪǰ˼Ƭ̣ף
ȻԱ˵ЩҪ֮˴γѲǲڡ
˳Ļף˴γѲɻ˳
ƳǳҡҡͷûҵѣԼȴرٲ֪£ñԻ
һӤӤЩľǶΪ̽ƳǳĻȴƳǳְѻͷת˻ֱָ֮


104 
׮, ˵ǲܵġ
ƳǳȻǸô֮ˣرѲܡ˸ڹƳǷѪƳǳ֮ʱƳǳϺݺһ
Ƴǳж˶ѵѰøϻ, Ҹջ׷, ڹƳ, Ѱζ
ᡰ׹ǣô
ӤӤ΢ʱ, ʡ
Ƴǳ΢΢һЦûӱʵ
ܸЩʾ뵽ᡰ׹ǲ, ոչƳǳѾѻͬΪټϴֲڤˮ֦νܵıֻһλ
ƬããĮ, ֮ɱλ, ᡰ׹ǡ
оɽ, һö֮ϣҲԸЩᡰ׹ǵ鱨ֻ˵һΣҪϸ
ƳǳʼĽ
֮һᡰ׹, ڳΪ֮ǰ, Ǹ۲۵ˡ
ǧǰããĮ֮дһų, ɳԨдĮɳԨΪͨıؾ֮·, ̶ѡɳԨΪת, , Ľ˵֯ʱɳԨΪ˵ɳԨƽˮƽƽ𣬴ǻƽ𡱣ΪһҹΣϧҲҲҪͶɳԨ
ķڱ棬ɳԨҲֻһҵó׷ĳǳأɳԨͳβֻֽԵΣûгɫĳǷɳԨֻǴߴſеһ⡣
ΪɳԨʵڹ󣬵ʱĴʹ֮˺ƽ⣬˭Ҳ̲ɳԨ˭ҲеɳԨķɡɳԨĵȻҲԼĵƣɳԨǳ֮УΨһһɵӻĳǳء
ӻԻɳԨ̫ƽɿ̫ƽ̫ݡ
ǧ֮ǰǧǰʣӻɳԨħ֮УɳԨŹĩ
ʱźͷһٿᣬ裬ϷɳԨʱɳԨλŽǿߣƴֿͻѵȺǣɳԨ˲ءɳԨҲ֮ѳѡ
ʱɳԨ壬̰ݱɵɳԨ֮գºױײڳ֮ǰԴѳ˰һˡ
ֻϧϾΪ֮бٰ㽿Ĺ֮񣬵зҲûΪѳݷŹ׷ɣṲ̋ƽɳԨɳԨӶһա
ܴҹɳԨʹû˻ɳ֮£ɳԨһ⡣
ᡰ׹ǾɳԨĻҽ֮ϵ
ᡰ׹ǵգȳɳԨѵĹҴˮ죬Ա롣
һˮ֮ᡰ׹ǿʼ˶ԵɳԨ¾֮µı
ᡰ׹ǵһڼ䣬֮϶֮Уÿ졢ÿʱпǰһ졢ǰһʱЦ̣һ߰׹ǡʼʱ׹滹޹ǵĻۺѪ⣬ڰ֮а޹ֶѾ죬֮׹ǺѪ⾫׼롣׷ƽǵ¾ɳԨ֮ˡ
׼ȷ˵˵ᡰ׹ᡰ׹Ǹӽ
ᡰ׹е˲ᡰ׹ǵĳҲΪߵɢᡰ׹ǻὫߵϾɱ
ǲԼĹȥӶƸ¾ǵʷڣǽᡰ׹һ޷ɱȡֵĴᡰ׹ǵܺߡںֽ̨ĨȥϸҪĿ߷ڣǻȡҪֶΡ
˴±׷ᡰ׹ǵĳǸգֻҪϣ˭鷳ƳΣաȥѰᡰ׹ǣ˵ǱЩ
Щ鱨Ȼûֱ˵ᡰ׹ǵӦԷҲᡰ׹ǵĹȥϲᡰ׹ǵûõġЩ˵꣬Ƴǳʧ˷
ɹƳǳʧûжӤӤʩӵκӰ죬ӤӤصԼһۣıı
ƳԶˡұСһץԼģϸϸС첲ЦӤӤӻͦɰġ
ߡӤӤС첲Ҫѿ⾫һСһκβ
֣߾ô·ָ˵ӤӤһȹȻȹһġ
ϻӤӤһ䣬֣ϣҵӶҾûһֿܷɣڽ϶ˣϽǣ
ֱסˡ
֮²ҹڤˮǰҴ˵ҪһλǰͬС
ӤӤδţܻΪġ
ǰǰܺڤˮ֦ʶǰôҲǧǰ˰ɡ
ܲңġ
ʱһ糾͵ĵÿǵķţ˲ʩ죬һѩ£κװΣһõĲ
صƺһµڤˮ֦ѩˡ
ˣͶ֮価ɷǣ·ʱпϥ´
ƶ޻ƶ޻˼ɡ˹˹֣ƶѰᡰ׹ǣŶλָܹ㣬λͬС
޻޻ˡ
޻
ӤӤһֶۣ˵ٶ첻ֻǲûмˡ
޻޻֮ǰ˫޶ħҩ֮ˡ֮ǰΪǺϻڵˣӦ൱̬欣´ɳǰȴ飬Ұɡ
޻ǰæ
չƳǳ˷ɳɳϢٶ١
޻˾䣬ĿԣƺѾ붨״̬
޻ͬǸ˰˿Ŷ裬޻ʵҲǺѩڤˮ֦һģᡰ׹ǣܶһְȫ

׹ǻɳ
ӤӤû뵽߳ƳûɳԨʢʱĵؽҹ֮ϵŮ
Ůһ£ýߴΣ֮»εۣͷϱʯ貣ţżأȴѹϸƫԿ飬˫Ŀ΢أȴǣ·ڵǵ
Ůװݻױ˿Ϊĸ˳ѲĹټС㣬Ƶ֮ŷɥ֩
ᡰ׹ǡ
һ˭ҲûȿڣֻĬĬšóĬ̽˴˵ǳ
ɳԽԽ
Į䣬տʼһ˿綼ûУת֮ЮɳӤӤСɳ۾Ǵʱ޻ͬУȻ˵Ǿͳᡰ׹ǵĵꡣ
ؼһɳĺ񲼣ϵɳʲôһ˵ȣٲά衣ɳѾ˼˵СȣҲûᡰ׹ǵİᡰ׹Ŀ̬ׯһŮ
ϧŮȴɲһ
˺ˣ
ǧҰŭڣ۳УҪ˰εضСסӤӤס۾һƬУӤӤһ
ӡ
ε飬ƴյһ𣬻ǿǿһֲ©شӤӤС
ȥ
һ˲ӤӤֻԼ䴫һɺȵҺ˳£չۼմ͸£ӤӤ˿оκʹʶ̧ͷֻ˫Ѫȴǰ
һ䵶͸֣Ĵ룬ƱȾѪĵ⡣


105 
ᡰ׹ǵͻȻڳʼϲġ޻ƺҲûԤϵ, ᡰ׹䵶ᴩʱ޷Ӧ
ֻǷ籩ͻȻƽϢ

ûпȣûзɳ, ûҰȺһŭ, ûе, ûѪ
һʲôûеĿռ䣬ƽ硣
·ʱֹͣ
ٿ, һˮģת˲ƽ߽⡣
ʱɳֹϢ, ֮£Ǳ䵶ɴСֻŮѾ룬¶еɭɭ׹ǡ
޻վԭ, ˭ûп֡ӤӤæǰε䵶, ͳӰ˿ڡ
, ơ۲ۡ⣬ͬ޻һᡰ׹ǵĽѾʽʼݲκġ
ľѾɵ޻ʱ, Ըо޻Ǳһ˲谭, ·ľһ漫ΪӲĳǽӲ˻
ܿ谭ʧ, ľ˳޻ʶ
Ůˡ
䵶һᡰ׹Уᡰ׹ĳִһֱȡӤӤӤӤΪԼ, ɴ޻һ
һĽ, ᡰ׹Ӳ
ն췭, λһء
޻һնոŵĸоһΡ

붯Ҳĳ֮ôڤˮ
õĴ£֦磬˸ոѩµӡ
Ҳ壬ܱ˽ڤˮ֦ӤӤðɽˣĶģᡰ׹ǡ
ѩȤᡰ׹ͬλȴûᡰ׹ǡһΪ㲢˽
֪һЩġڤˮ֦һӣǳħ֮ս֮ΪУˣǷ֮ᡰ׹أ
˵Ϊɱ顣
ˣЩп㲻񼫡ڤˮ֦ЦЦһ˵þͶˣᡰ׹Ϊ޶Թ顣޲ʱȥԽԽ뿴ᡰ׹ǽ˼ĳԹˣĳԹתأ
˶һۣղ
ĳ̶ֳϿĿһ£ѡڤˮ֦һҪߵҪ֮ܲ˿ԼСǳᡰ׹ǶõӤӤԭ򡣡
ѩڤˮ֦㻹û˵Ϊʲôᵽᡰ׹ǣ
ڤˮ֦˼Ƭ̣ⲢһĻ⡣ǵðǷֱΪʲôô
Ҫȥ顣
һ죿
ѩһһۣͻȻͨ
δޣɳԨǸɣ

ɳĮȡ
ŮѾƬҵɢһأɲûѪŮѵĵطܿľͷԲȦ
ᡰ׹Ǳ壬Թ
޻սʣ򵥵һ䡣
νԹմȾԹ䱾ʶȴͬĶǲľʯӡ֮ɳӣˮпܳΪԹ
ԹҲһԹɣҪԹĳʧѾõʧֻʷʷ֮У˭ҲûԹ
ᡰ׹ԹͨԹ鷳ӤӤ⣬Թͺ͸һƣʵ֯鱨пܻûҵ壬ͱͬڱʵԹĥˡ
Թһȫµ鱨ҪǴ˵سᡰ׹ǵԹܿҲԹ
ҲζźܿǸӲᡰ׹ǱУԹ
ȻعƳǡ޻ϡ
˻˹ƳǣƳǳƺԤϣǰ͸Ϸһȡ
ֻƳǳû¶档
ܿ˭⡣
޻޶ٿڸ֮ԼھͻԼӤӤ߻ҪιԷӵþЩ
䵶ϴ˶˿ٶȡӤӤͷɬɲ֪ôȴ޲
Ҳ˵ʲôĻĬιˮιҩ˿ڡ
ϣһŴϡ
һƣۣӤӤܿ˯˹ȥעӤӤ˯Ĳգֻǹħӿ 
Ҫħô
ٶ濼⡣
ֻǼʱ䣬ڵħ׷Ϊ뾡õʵĻħǱΪѸ١
֮ȷ;ŽǿߵĲ࣬Ҫ޻һ˸סӤӤ
ᡰ׹ǵԹǰĽǰӤӤһ£Ȼ޷
ԵľŽףײ˵˾Ž׵ʵСҪôǶ˿ûе⡣ҲһΪԼжʣҪ֪ЩνĳɫҪһǰ׺һ
սν񣬶ֲΪκ飬ƾź޶׺ģֻʵģಫ
ңħǶħԭڱħ
Į¹ԶȣңңʣǴĮ˷ɳҲһɳǼԡֻЩƵȫƳǳǽסˡ
⼸ǶסڹƳǡ
޻ڱչأǰǲôšдֲ㣬ӤӤѩ֮ڹƳתת
ᡰ׹ǰǷһƳַ١
ߵһͣ
ĵط͹ʵֻ࣬ΪɾҲҪ˽Ĺأڹλȭͷ˵
ֻӤӤЦ±󶼽֣ĪǶһҿģ
֮ǰȥ󣿡
ӤӤ˵ѡ
һһ˭ѣ˱󡣱Ų㣬Ʒ߲ϾͲһܽˣֻйлȥгĵ£Ҳδлȥιۡ
ϾϵĹҲֻں̨ˡ
¥ǰ¥ҲûʲôϡģǷҩ黨ݡᡢЩ汦ħʲôĳгۣǵͽ׵ģƷҲһ㡣ת¥̶ϲˮ¥
˵ڱֻйͲ¥ô
̶ݸȻλ¥λȻǹ͡
仰˵üΪƯƳһױ׼غطһ
¥ϵ̨׼խֻͬУ¥Ե̶һãӤӤֻԼжʲô߻תȴ̶ѾܿĿ⣬
¥ӻ̯һĲ֣¥ж죬һרֲʯ߲漸֮˽ʢװ磬Ȼ㣬ȴһ㲻㡣
ʮ򼸰ʯ־͡
ӤӤǱ߿˿ЩʱԳ棬ΨǮʱ
ûʯһʯƬûС
һ̶ЦݳǶŮޣƼԼ滨ݡ
仨ҹ㣬־ãմ಻ɢѬһ죬·ˮϴϴء
̶ӤӤɵǸִķıձߵĴ¡
ֻǿϧˣ̫Ҳûл£ëȷʵúܡ
һ΢ǣЦȴĿ⳯ӤӤֻñܿ
Ŀһ仨ϣ仨֦ҶͨȴΪĺɫ仨ǻ״֮Ծ档
̶һ仨֪˶ȻǶȤæܵ
˲лҶò棬ȡ֮⣬ꡣͨڤظЩɵɼҳô˹ͨʵڤ
֮ͨٻ޵ġӤӤƳܸܲȴڣ
ʲôô
̶Цϲη⣬ľʺˮ֮߿˲ˣڴ˲ݴ
ȻˣӤӤݡ
ݵ֣һ٣Ҳ֪ûġ
ӤӤĿ¥㣬һѰ
һ¥תĺɰҲһ롣˻¥ʱٿضһ䴫
ҹʱ¥


106 
Щ, ȻӤӤԼô
һζϽоۻǣĹЧ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪЩ, оһõ, ǰЩδȻ
޻Լڱ¥, ¥һĵطʩĳֿռ, һ¥ʵϽȥŷĸ߶ȲһС¥רŵİ䡣Ǹһȥ̶ϲˮ͸ֹϹ, ӭǽӦİ䡣
ڵ޻ʱӤӤ̶΢Ĺء
ҹʱʼһ, Ǽ۸ߵáᲢֱչʾƷʲôÿһƷʱ, һ㲼
㲼ֻͨĲ, Ʒ֮ϣ΢ΪЩıʹʶ֮̽飬ȫ衣ΪûҪμᣬ㲼ɾ鷳ˡ
۾ȥܸӽ, 󵼡, ʵ
̶ʱӤӤ̲ס̾
סȷʵ, Щ󾡹ܱŹڣʵǹֻǱһ, ⲻ֪һĻ, 㹻öС
ӤӤСǯ, ͬʱʶͷţ̽ŲμһԱ
Ȼδ޻й̫Ӵܸо޻ͻȻǴѶҹϵƷἫΪҪ
ڻûʱųϵİѾˡŵľӶ࣬Ҳвħ壬ɨһİʱӤӤɫʱò԰ס
Ǹˣ
һǳ
һǰĻŮ

͵ؿϣ̵ľϣľмһƬƬڵϣջбȹǡ
ĿǴӻݻġ½УʩʩȻ£ϴҶԶľѩʹÿҪˣ
Ѿ޻Ǽٵģ˭ģԼ
ÿɷν̬ȼŭ˳
ָѪɫ˿֯һߣֱȥֻǲʹһѪɫ˿׷¡
Ҫ˵ŮǰŪ
ᵽŮƽһĨ׾ĳء
Ůű̡
ӤӤľǿƲסеĺ棬ȥ
ҪڹƳжô˳һۣƳһУûйƳǳֲ˵ġΪжΣҪǲö࿴˵û㡣
֪ᡡһ䣬ֱܿضˡ
ӤӤȥȻһƬãԼʶȫȫ˻ȥӦǱʲôǿжˡ޻˽
ݻĻ᳡޻ɴͨ翣ͬ˴ҽƽ˿Υ͡
п֣пŵ
ӤӤʲô֪ˣ޻ĸоֻһΪȻ¶ȣп޻еĹ¡
˶ᡰ׹Թʱ޻ʩչǵ
·һž磬һʱֹͣתΨ޻֮еס
򣬵ֲʡ
Ϊһ̶ȣܶ߶Լ򣬵ҲЯߡƩӫӫɱıѩǰ廯Զ
ǽߵɣƩıӰѩĽֻһͬ㣬Ϊʵʡ
޻ָоʵڹޡ
ʱö˼
λͣʱѵǱһƷһƯŮվ쾮ϿӦħѪ
ص֣µĻصذһ篽иŵĶ
ӤӤʶҪ̽飬ȴԼľܿͱոǹ˻ȥ޻Ĵ
̽飬ǣɡ
ô
޻
ӤӤûжʣֻӱһ
ǽжԶʧߵ
ֹ䣬а䶼ÿ£ǾۣҲǾĵģֻħŮʱʱЦۣûйͻӼۡ
Ȼ޻̽飬ǽƷϢһһ˵ǡ
һƷһö߽޵˵ѹƷ󼸼ֵשãһ߽׵ԼƷ
ޣԴһɾĻ١
޻˿˿ʣ˭Ҫ
ҲˡæܾӤӤ֣ʾӤӤҲܾ
ӤӤæͣҲˡ
޻뷨ޱؽͣһ·סãǰѩ͵ľѡ
仰֮˶ֱӡ
٣ƫ֮𡣡޻֣ӤӤǰˡ
ܿ죬䵽ǰʮʯĸ߼ۡ
ļҲħ֮ģȻԲǣ޻Ϥ
ƷԴԴϵرͽӤӤ沿ⶼˣ޻ô
öһЩ߽͵Ƶĸ߽ҩƺ֤ոյ뷨޻һһ
ӤӤ޻һۣע⣬ɵ÷߶
ôоЩʦ˶𣿡
ƺûӤӤЦ룺Ҫǰʦˣ˵һ롣
޻沿˱ûܱסˣôߡ

صջѾӽ峿޻󲿷Ʒǣֻ˼ԼطʱӤӤ׹޻ɷ˵Ʒ£ΪڸԼҪĶ
һû˯ûȻ޻ʲô˯˹ȥ
ӤӤмӦø㣬Ҫ׼
ӤӤԺ۾ֻһ̹ǺϮʶ˽·
ʱǰȫޣʶ֮еľȴһ嫰硣
ǡʱ
仰ƫͣ·¾һ˶䵭͵˵
ʲô£
ӤӤ۾Ʋס
ˡѵ֣ļ򣬵ݹһż㡣
ıʼϵݼ֮ǣʧ٣Ҫ뿪ȥѰ
ѩƮīɫԶɽͷܿһƬƬѹ֮ңңһѪȡ
ʱħӡ󿪣ħѹڱ߾ɱӶ޶ѾвٽСž
ڹϣ˴Ҳ˿ʼ顣ʱֻʧ٣ӤӤȻеǣǸڡ
Ѿ˵ҪμӣѩĿ⣬ԥţʹأ۷á
贰֮£Ʈĵ
ʦԸƽħִ֮ħ磬Ϊһħ𡣡


107 
شѩ, һͣȴű侲ȻҪȥִħ磬ӤӤҲȥɡúö
ɣʦ, һ˻ȥ, ɽӴ, ӰӤӤǸӣֻ¶ʦ𡣡
ѩ𵭵Цţȥħ, ɲǽȥִħ򣬵㽨죬һִ֮ʱ, ΪʦΪ
ǣʦ𡣡
˶٣ҲҪ֪, ǵĶ沢ֻϵЩ
ס
Ȼ˵, ɰеôܱ׾ģ
պ, ˴޽ᣬҲɳΪĵӲμӡħѹͷűǧӡŭ𣬴¹غ֮ս
ӤӤΪ, ڶܱ, չ֮һһľ, һһ棬۲֮С
һ, ̽鷶Χ֮, ٿش, һңһѻʵߴﲢʹأעϡ
ħҲóˣժˡŮӵ
ŮӴĻڻҪǸÿħõħԸħ
ŮӲ⣺ԸħҪԸħôܳ
ŮһгӣĿǰһתڱﻮ֮Сңֻһ
ӤӤȻǰɢȥžԼֻǴξ
ǲֻΣǰǰ֮УΪ֪顣
ĶħԸħ֮ķΪء
ǺŮ˵ġһ
ĪǺŮӣ֮ˣ
ӤӤɫò԰ֽһʱ䲻֪˼ʲôӺοʼ˼𣬷ܽһǰ
˵Ըִħ磬Ըħ
ѩ֪£ӤӤһߣ˵Ҫνġ졣
ǺŮ˵һж֮Уһһ
뵽⣬ӤӤо亹Ӽ𣬵£ʪ͸
ļµ٣Ϥ
ôôູ
˸ӤӤѾһһ
ӤӤס֣ǿԼӤӤܸоЩġ
˫֣ȥڵħ߽ǿĥħ
Ҹո롭
⻰δ˵꣬õ֮޻˽
޻дһСӬ֮࣬ǻ֮
ӤӤȷɨ޻Ƕһ£޻⡰Ӭǰͣ
׷ԴֱԹᡰ׹Ǳ塣
ӤӤ̲סƣҿҲʲôŵ
עУ˫ͫﱾʡ
ᡰ׹ԭɳԨ㱻գԹȻʯľݹǻɳ֮ɳԨ𡣡
ӤӤǡӬ鿴˿֪޻ʲôģȻͨ͸ܷ⣬ȴһɻ磬ӳζģģġ
޻ĽͣӤӤ˳ʣ
ô⡣
޻ɹԣ򵥽һ£㽫ⶫպãкװǰɳԨʰʱͻȻһ֮ˡ
˼԰ףü䣬һںھװͷβ߸мǷ
Ǳˣӫ
޻֪ӫڤˮ֦ĵӣֻһͷ˶顣
ӫ⺢רԹʱߴڤˮ֦ĴǳЦŵģмḡС⺢ӵԹʮԹ´ࡣרᡰ׹ǣҪ̲ˣˡ
ڤˮ֦
뵱ûḡʱḡģʵԼ
ǧתˣˡ
޻һ񣬲֪ôþûĵףȻһ˿ϲá
ۿ紺ʱڣһ֦峿£һ¶顣
֮ǰλСĸоȴˣҪ˵ʶ֮վ䱾ʧ䡣
Į䣬ɳǼҳ㷹һͣͣ˷ɳ޻½磬СЪϢʵҪչӤӤ
޻֪ӤӤҪǽӤתǣĺӣĳһ˵ʵӤӤǸţӤӤҲĶ̴Ϊͻ
Ʃǡ
һηɳ֮У磬ڤ˼֮ʱӫ󾪻ŵӤӤͶ٣˼ѪӫǡѪġ
ˣӫƽҲûɱҵҵۣССͲ϶٣ΪλѪ
˵ֻǹӤӤأϾȻйĵ֮ܶ඼޻׷䡣
֮˱Ӧò׷˼ڴ㽵˶񣬼ڤ
ɼ仰Ʈ˶Сһִֵ
Һڴ֮ǰҴ˲ٱӿԿر˵֮ǰϻڵıض鼮ӡӫصؽһ˳
ӤӤܳԾΪʲôӫʱ˼ӣֻ΢һ£ͷ
ʦܺ˵ٿЩҪʲôĹӫӤӤ뿴ԼҸоͺܺá
仰ò˾òͨӤӤǺӫӫȻ䱻ӡҵѹȥģܿڤˮ֦ĺѹɱģڵҪǲ
ӤӤͷɳˣӤӤͷɢ
һᵽβٰüᵽβ˫ɡᵽβͬ塭
ᵽβȪ·桭
ͯҥ·Խʱգϻ죬С·յצҪĵ˺Ƭ
ɳ֪ʲôʱͣʱ𶯣ʲôһҪСУȴԼһʲôסֻŵѿһ죬ɽС


108 
׹, ޻ǰϻתǧǰļ䡣
ʱɳԨ翪֣ϻڵһһΪ, ȫ֮ǨɳԨ, ɳԨ
ĸִƺϻʱ, ǺϻһǰʢʱڡǺϻڣŽǿ߾, ɳԨ£ϻڣŵΨһŮ鼧
ͺϻʦʦһ, ޾꽭ϵһӶڴĮСĸ׸ԼµĻ£ԳΪ, ͼЩʶƨɳˡ
֮, ʶ˻һĴ, ̣ʦ֮µλӣͶľѩ󱻹֮ڤˮ֦ϵʱߴʸһţ̣ԼλڳģħһŮ
ԭΪԼѾǱ, ǹɺϻڵķɻղס˵, ƯȥкӦǻô
ҲӦˡݺݺ, ҪǱ˼Ҽ֪㴦Ǻܲ
һд·Ưк޹, ڤˮ֦Ȱ
ġ޻ƲƲ, Թ, ٹҾҪץȥף⼸ú棬ȵ֮棬ܴҵȡ֪ΪʲôôеĹǸϻ粻ҪǵйԵλˡ
ôȣǶȥġ䲻ڣ˿ûһ䰲οֱӵĻ
Ȼ
Ҫϼø㳪ġ
̺ͶľѩϿһỰŴص˫˫̧ͷʾ͡
㣡ǣ֪۸ң޻ҪըëƳʯԵŮһת֣Ӥ
Ů磬һ˹ǣȴʼδվǺͯһ¶һ㽫СûСӶԴ޻ˣܰ಻סҪϷһ
Ůûиᣬ̵ط³һʯͷҲһ꣬춣
ŻӤˣСֲǵһ֪ˡв֪ʲôʱһ˿ߣ˿һͷ޻֫ǿнӤͰȻڻû·Ҳʱ⣬οûȤ
ǳû·һ°ˡ޻֪СţҪǹ·˻ƣ
ܿ͵飬Ȼˮʱ̲˿ߣ̣ץң
ûɥľѩһת˿Լָ棬ȥӤҪǱŻˣû԰
ŲҲٴˡ޻ƲƲ죬ߣһƣҪȥңȥô
һöֽƾǰһӣĳŮɵ˾䡰Ҫ޻ǹĻ̡
һж֮С
ӤȻ󲿷ʱ֪ûʲôƨܶӤʳ޵ֿ벻ʲôơԺһӣϷһԲڸ󹵣ڶڴץӤ
ǵøǴһݡľѩ󺰡
ڤˮҪô޻ǵĳ˸ոֽĳԹƿˣתڤˮ֦
ҾͲˣŰӤЩڤˮ֦룬
ڿ߳ʱ̲Ų˿ڣ
ðӤȥûô
ڤˮ֦зִġ
һƬ̣ԭҲзִô
Ӱתӳ۵һƬϸĺ¥
¥ĵط޻İ
泪Ĺ죬ЩúܣǮһûŽصĹ׷׽Ǵӵ˽˸ӤһңðӤרĳԵĵʱһëַˣ̲ס͹
жȵġѿϴǽɲܸɣСֹûٸɣϾϻڳŮң̲Ĺӡ
ֲܿǼŽ⣬ľѩѾ׼ˣȻûӣ󲻹һ֮ڣǸϹŶһŹһڤˮ֦һ뵽ڤˮ֦˵̵̲ͣסʱҷźʱϹŰ²ȥ֡
ΨӤúƭЩ˹һײķħ𡭡ֻҪҪϵĲ֣û˼
ֵطԽԽߵᳵ·ЩǵҲ֪Ȼ޳ɣȰüΣͿǸһޱķʽקų˴˵ء뵽ϴξɴཫӤҲ˽
Ǿ벻ŰӤġ
ͬһֵͷɢɢһķ¥ױʱԭʵʵҵİӤӰ
ɰ޻˸ᣬҲ˲ùǵڣĴˣһҵɪɪİӤհѰӤƭ̧ͷΪѵɫ
һ̲ס᣺޹ﰡλôءֱӴ˱Ŀ˵ķ䣬ʱ̹͹ˮ֮һײٲҲˣСͬȫġ޹ȰȰͣͽͽͣ治İ
޻Σ˰ӤҪֻ֮ȥǱŵĿˣǸƯŮӣͷǵշ𣬵һЩһƨڵϡ
ˣǵϻ
òװǸ͹һ޻һɫ֪ӦôӤȥûüӤ𽫴˵ȥһֱֻԱݺšĶ䡣
޻¥֪һȡ
պ庢ͯԵİӤȥ¥ɴϳͲ
ﲢȥ֮һ
ֻûΪϣħչۣһ޻ĬĬħһһεҪϵҲЧλһҹڼ¡
ֻΪֻѹȥʵֻѵĿʼ
Уһûȼġƺʧ̬׶֣֮ǰ̾ͳ˰֪˼ˣԼȥ˭Ҳƺ޻ⱻϡԼߣլۡľި·ݺᣬܿʧ˷һĵᡣ
ﻹŵƣҲ֪˭ס˴ӣɴƤ·ʵڲ˿߰ȥС
ֽӰӰ´£Ӧˣ̺ܿͶľѩס֮û˭ܹһ
ߵ׼һ䣬ȴ洫˽Цͷһ飬ҹһҲ߰˷֡
ô㹧ˡ
ϤҵĵҲϤϤĵһ޻ȴоѵͷ¡
ûлӦίЩ˵㲻ϲԳơǡūҡƺϲô


109 
Ӥ¶, ȴŻۻգһԷ顣ģ¥֮ǡô, ޻֪ӤǶԼ˵, ù, ԭء
һëĵ׺ҽţ̧ͷ, пšֻ޻վǰеǹȻǺϻˣ֪ʲôʲôΪϻڷ, ⷽĽԼҪطࡣ
˲֪ԷŵϻŮӣ˵Ҳмֵ, ̶ĺϻŮģٵýϻ, ϻ֮¸е, ͬһΪϢϢأײкϻ֮
ԭΪˣ˭ӤûУһʱ, Ӥ, һӺ΢Щ·ȥϼһȦ, մȾϼɫ
ϻ鰮֤ȡǹ鰮֮, , Ϊºƽ̸˵Ҳ޲ɡԼȥΪ֤֮, Զ鰮
ҲǺϻûʲôչصԭҪչҲһգϾްԺϻ˵ǰ֮ء
Ӥദ֮УԸоһǰδеǣͣͲǰӵľݡ
֣λɻվɣһƵԣһ¶ҹ˳ûʲô仯
Ī˷ʲôǵλħҲ˲ٵľơӤûк̫һˣӤˮ֣пܡ
һ˶ˣһ֮УһһѾá
붼̼
λԱ̶ľѩҪʻö࣬ĳ׷뷨λֶͥ죬ʲôױ
ûãյĸ׵ţɳԨǵĹ´ɳԨ˾֮λҪټǰһ档
ͬеһʱչصıչأ׼ɽٵ׼ɽ٣ӤճֹʱҲŹ˵˶ûУ㱧ͷغϻ׼һԼ׮¡
鼧ҪȹⱲӵġûʲôѡĿռ䣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôĸ׷Ҫ鼧
ɳԨûлţǿ˵ܻǿߣվǺϻڡںϻ֮ǰɳԨ߶ûɳԨҲ߽׵ˮƽܴﵽ˽׵ģҲֻɳԨ˾ϴ֮ܣΪãɳԨλľ˶͡
ֻЩɳԨԭĴ˾λɳԨĹͨԽԽ٣ɳԨԭĴ˾Լʲô⣬ɳԨϵĴҪֻĵ޹֮˷ʤδ˾֮λʶɳԨٹѰʤ֮ˣȷ´˾ѡɳԨΨһŮ鼧
鼧֮鼧˵ò覣֮˽ԲΪ֮㵹̳д˾֮λԴ񣬴ҲΪͶĿ⣬¾ɳԨǡ
Щ޻ЦãνЩңɼ翵Ķм־ηǡþͽʶһλλ񻹲͵νһ㼶ˣΪԼΰ˸ϲĿռ䣬һˣȡ˼֮ȶ
붼ˣȻҲĴħ޵λ֮УΩ֤λ
Ͼ˼ȻһΪ񣬲ֻأ¶ȥһ˴תݡ
νµĶ޻̸֮ʹⷽ飬˵Ķ˵˳һԳؽ¶󣬶ɳԨֵط֮ءͬ˵ɳԨеҪȥɳԨԼԵõ𹩷ǵȥɳԨ·ڤڤ֮һϣɳԨͬط
ûûзʲôûСҲ֪ɳԨ˾ôõλǸʲô޻ͻȻͺˣܻҲɵԭֺ档鼧ǰ϶飬鼧֮ʱҲҪһ˵ʱܷ־λܸͬɳ¡
ɳԨûٷȽڣҲǷҪ֮вˡ鼧֮ǰ˵ܿɳԨڽɢʲô̬ͬ֡
鼧˵Ϊò̫´ɴڣҲѵɫڶΧۡ鼧ܲžͲš
Ļô
޻롣ɻ鼧֮ɢˡ
ȷʵŮӣһ֣һʢں쳾֮е˼主󻨣һһЦֹжȣ̬ׯȴоȤ
Ϊ鼧ȻɫԺ쳾鲢Ǻ쳾ˡԣй֣ȴ۹һ÷̳ܷصĻѩʱ˿Ҳһ๸
鼧׮µǿ޹ﲻԸͬҳɻ飬ұȥĸ׮£ĸҲǲų²ߣ˺ϻ޹ﲻԸʵ
ԼûвԸô
޻飬ԳһֲٰĻȫԹԣԭ˫˵лãһ֣֮Ҳ˥ĳɡ
鼧Цҡͷ
ȻûвԸĻʲôأһʱ޻һӵ˼뿴鼧ŭʲôӡ
Щ̽ŭ鼧ʼնģôӵ̽ʼպԹԡ
еʱ޻ԼŮˣҲԼĲԱ䱾鼧š
鼧գһ˫ϸ׵ֳ磬ˣϸĵϲģҲĳЩԵ˳ȥ
鼧գù֮鼧ԡ
Ϊܿ鼧ŭݣϾѾˣһֻ˲Żȥ鼧ˣԺˮ£޹ԡڼ䱧·ſڵ
޻ĴܸвɵȻоԼһ޻ϣȥԼò뿴ĶͬʱҲԽԽˡ
ɴʹɱﵣԼʮδƹĴΪע
ϻ֮еĵһμΪҪܹܿغڴΪ޶ȣϻڵѡһʱ֮
ԭΪ鼧ܾպҲԱԼӣҹ֮鼧֮СҲһ֮󣬺ļʱҹλؾѣ໳Ŷ鼧ĴС
ڵ֪Ҫ뿪ܻɳԨʱ鼧ʲôû˵ֻװ
ȥء鼧ղײһ£˵͵ǵĻڡĸ͸һֱڴһ졭ڴô
Ȼ
һǣҲǡ
죬ûܸϻء
֪ΪΣħĿƱȶ˸Ҫãħ֮һ죬Ž⿪ĽơҴҸϻɳԨȴѪɫ²ͬԣɳԨǽ֮ϣһŮԾڴˣɳԨʯǽȾôĿѪ졣
ļ´ӳǽ£һֻڳɳ֮ϣһƵ졣ʵԶӦġ
һͷʱǽˣҲǵʱʲôӦʱǺһâתν
ûмˡҲûˡ̵״̬ȻҲЩ׵˵֮ô
з񲣬϶˵ȥ
ҪҵĻ׼νףڼϵѪܰأҲҪһô
º֪ɳԨ𣬺ϻźҲ⵽νѹŵʱ漸ɣѹǿߣ¾˴б룬о˳֮С
Ƿħһֲȷ壬Ǳɴ಻׽ǱڵΣվɱΪ˳죿˳죬˳Ϊɲ֮ġ
վǷֵ޻ƣΪȻ绹ڣӲϻϻѾ޻οɺϣ
о׹һǽУ޻ǽڣ׹ٶȣǶһˣΪ֮Ȼһ׵ˮ̶
ͨͨ
ˮ̶ϰһ棬żСλá
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
Ӳͬķ޻ҹȥȰӫӫмˣ¡Ȼ̧ͷ㿴ӤӤ˰
ȽӤӤͷ·ŪɣŪԼġ
˵Ӥͷһ޻̾ӤתŹ֡
ת֮ԽֱˡӤɬҲ̣ϾӤת壬һ̵Ѫ
ģӫɴ·š»һףߴʡ
޻֪ԼĻ棬׼ǽϵıڻڻɫܿ̽ɫŵһһʢװˣڼ̳֮ߵݡ
ͼ޻סָ븧˵ͷһĨѪ˿ѾƹףæĨԼ¹ڱ䣬ָ䵭ɳԨĵع֮


110 
޻İ
ǧǰܶ, 鼧ڴ˻档鼧ʢװ磬ɳԨĹأ
عһڻ, Ǵ˾֮ͼ, δμ֮֡֡д뻭, ڻڻƣԽ, Խ
˵ȴҲǧǰ顣޻ϱڻȴоһ쳣ĸоϮ, æŲ˳ȥ
ֻһϸ΢ġžડ죬һֻͨڵĳ˵, ˳ŷȥ, ޻,
岽󼣬ڹŻ֮Уо綾Ϊ΢֮һմȾرɡ˵ţĿƳһӤӤ, 
ͷ, ӤӤԼķ
ӤӤߣһ޻, о޻Ļƺˡ
Ȼǧ꣬ڵعǵ, 彣, ڱڻϹĵ˼¡ʱǽһŻѴɹ, ǵ̿
ܳһסͷХѷž죬ͬǽˮˮ̶еĵδ֯
ʱ뵽ͻȻǰðʲôˣʲôβһ򾡡
뵽⣬ӤӤδľǰ죬Խǰ̽ͷԽƺͲͷ
ͬʱԸ֪һϤϢıƽ˵ϢӺζΪϢʱʱ̰̿ΧӰΣ֮ȥ
ᱻ޻˻֣ӤӤľϤǿ£ɳԨλ൱óɳԨʱʷϼλֶԵһ˾д͸ﲼ󷨣˴˾֮߱˾֮˭޷ҵ·˾֮ͣƾı͸
عΪε˾ɳԨսعѣӤӤɵʡ
ɳԨ˽ֻйƳǳǸ¡ΰ˴񼣣λ˾ΪǰջعðսøǾ³
ע⵽޻Ŀٿһ˾ʱѳˡ
޻ĿָܿƽɳԨԵģͬҲعҲͽ档
Ȼ޻ν޺øУòϣӻɳԨǵǸڵkӻ֮ɳԨ⼸ﾡΪĮأɷ˳ܷٲʢѾʤ˺쳾жٸ
ͣһڻǰüСڻϻһˣ翣ͷȻɢֳһѣٷ紵ࡣ

ᣬԸ͸ڶȣ˳հ
Ůӽ̵ڴߴһһδ룬ɳԨƣ̨֮˻죬ףɳԨǧʢ˥

һˣŲ̊һָһŮ̧ͷߵ
һʣɶΪ˾ὫطڶǶཻ֮ˣ⴫ммǡ

ôˣ
ӤӤعʱ򣬸оڣ亹ԼԼϤбЩܸоԼطĳֹϵǳϵ
Ӧÿʲô޻ƿڣû´㿴Ӧڻʱ飬ô
ӤӤһĵ޻Ϊ˵׼ȷǵ˵ͷ
޻ǿŵġѩڤˮ֦޻ɽͬУǶ޻൱Ρûɶ޻
Ϊ޻ΪԼĻ棬ӫ󶼲Ӱ죬޻Դ˲һԣ·ֻص˺ǼһʱĹ
һ˳ǰߣӤӤߵıڻɳԨ˾ʱĳŮӵӰ
ҲˣҲûոĹ
ס֣һǰУΪ͡Ϊ̫ͣŻӰ죿
ǰԼһ࣬޻ͣ˽ŲǰĺȻһ·ڡ
ǵعڡ޻ܵû͸ļ˾·˵ع·ضһȷġ
ĸˡֳߣ˭Ըһ𣿡
Сһۣ˭Ҳûȿڣ޻һǰȫġһ߾͡
ӫһӤӤɡ
޻һΪ˱ͬԴа˶
˵ţһֽͬӬǼԹдɡᡰ׹Ǳˣֽ˷ٻ٣Ի֡
˽ұߵ޻ӫߡ޻ŲԶȥ⽫˵Ӱӵӳǽϡ
ں¡֣˲Ӥǰ亹
֪Ҳܲ¡ӤӤץס֣Сصڣֲô¡
ɵοôô
ӤӤ뵽ԼҪ˵ĻЦЦҪܺһȥĻôҲиһߡ
Ҫܽ߹Ȫ·κŵĻȻҲǲܽܡνĿ־޷ڿ־һ˹µȥ
ӤӤ⻰һҭҲ˵ʲô
˳ǰߣڻɫǽӴ٣ԭɫԵʡ
пǣһǿά֣ƽȡӤӤűڻ߽һʱָоƺֻˡ
ֻϲû³ֵѵŮӣֻһʢװŮɴ棬½ţڻУʡ
ٿأеŮ̧ͷһ˫ںڵ۾ס
ŮޱϲΨ۽Ѫʶ£ӯӯ֮УԽĪ⡣
ӤӤһʶץסҪ֪Ծ¿ʱŮǴΣӣոյѪĪʧˡ


111 
йŹ֡
ô˵, ڵع￴ֻ˵ĸо൱㤣ӤӤ˶ڻ, زŮЩ졣
Ůͷɴ, ס, ͷɴǻ΢óε״ᡰ׹Ǽһģһ
ոյǻѪ֮ϲƱɫ, 뵽ᡰ׹ѳոպ޵Ĵ֮ա
ѪȾ£տݹǡ
յ񾡱ɳΨӡڼ˵ļС
һʱ, ҪɡǻŮ̧ע۰ףֻɫڡ

, ΪʲôĿɳԨ, ٲ֣
, ѾɳԨô
ɳԨѾûˡ
Ȼ㲻ϳ֣ұԼȥΪɳԨʱҪǸңͬҡĳС

, ҵĳ, ٵĺ⡣
պƽϢջ
, ұĳΪ˽ᡣ, 
ĮϷɳι, ɳ, գϾ⡣
Ůٿشӻ֣סӤӤĲӡ
˻
һжڵʯ֮Уɲ˷ӦǻŮӵֻӤӤǱסŻ
һ˲ֻܿӤӤϣĲȻָӡ
ӤӤаģƾָӡȣü߻һѪ£ȼŽɫķ棬ȴû˵ӤӤֺ
ӤӤУɫָʼն۾˫з·ȼɫĻ档
㣬һ˵ûз裬Ҳûбᡣ
ӤӤ侲ȻҲһ侲ģε侲ǲ֪Ϊ־侲
˵ͷ

Ҽ̳һιڱӻɳԨλļ䣬ɳԨʼĩ
ӤӤһ֪Ҫ˵Ļʵڹھף
λӻɳԨҡ
һʱܴݵ𾪣ֻͷִպͲȷƽȣҲȶ֮󣬽߬ԼС
㡣
ûʲôŵġ鶼пܷʵܾ쵽̺ӤӤĹϵȻӤӤģ̺ѩĹϵ˵壬ĿǰûطλŮá
ȻˣӤӤݾͺֵÿˡ̿ϸԼӤӤѩҲҪסӤӤӤӤĲ˵츳ָһӤӤԡ
ӤӤûжӿļ䣬ĸƬģ϶ģĻƺμΪܡ
ɳԨ¿ʼɳԨǰһ䣬ˮӣڴĮշתǨ㡣Į䣬һɳܿȫ帲Ķôˣ
˽˵شӻĮһ鱦أ˷㣬ĮأˮԴϷɳ֡ɳԨ˶ʮɳԨѾ׳չһңΪ˸ɳԨԷ
Ӧһκ˴򽻵ûнʲô飬֮УԼԼƽԼԼѡ˾
ЩҲһӤӤЦ
˵˵ǺЩȫǶ˵ϧǳȤ˵Ǻһ֣ٲȻѾΥ˹ķ롣
Ѿȥڵֻڡ
Դˣֻ̾ͻȻ뱧סӤӤӤӤȥֻǹȥ豳
ЩҲӤӤع·ߡߵһʯǰӤӤͣס˽Ų
ƵĻ£ӤӤĲﱻճָӡûȥԽԽ
˸ոǱڻͬ岽󻣬ôã岽ĶѾʼˡ
ڷѪ£ľ綾岽󻣬ֻ΢ʹ֢״
ǲġָѪͿָӡϡ
˶طʹ֮¼һ̫սءϢӤӤϣţӤӤƹȴֻϡ
ԽʱԽҪͬӴͬʱеĻֲ̿һոجεĺӲҶ˯Ҫһ˯һ
ڵ³ʪϢжһζָѪζһɵķ㡣ֻ˷ѪѪ޷ܡ
̲ס֣˱
ָӤӤ˫סֻǳǳһָ⣬Żࡣ
Ҫعˣ㡣
ռָҵأʯŲ£صʼ𶯣ҳʯ¡˶վȣ˼·׷˽
סͷϣʯҵԽңܸоȺҺϣȴоۡ
ŵعĿϵһյһյϨںڰ֮ӤӤ֣ȥȴһѪ
û¡Ȼ˵ǰӤӤ˿ںܿϣһƤ˲£ҵͺá
ӤӤޣûʱޣֻһһǿйеļ䣬λļ䡣
顣
ļ䣬ѹסУѹƵõֵ֮
֪˶ãƽϢˡ
໥վ˴˵ȥҳӤӤָͷϵ˿ʱ͵סˡ
Щʯֻͨʯӣǰ˽״ΪϸۣҲһļͶȣͨʯ˵ġ
˫ΪѾʯҵ˿죬еʯָ׸ǴСҲȴǶ˿ϡ
ûʶĹŹ֡


112 
ʧ, ʯſһͿסˡһС棬Ǿ̱ŵع֮кĹ⣬谵Ľȥ
ع, ʼʱǲ֪ĹԴʲô, ֱһӤӤע⡣
öɢĹ⼸ԳƵ, ȴž¹ݼΪ졣
ܸоһɼϤϢöϴ, Ҫȥöӣͣ˾һĵط, ȴҲ޷ǰ
Ӧнơ
ӤӤδ̳һּ䣬ֻǰȻƿ˵Щ˵յйϵ
еʱ, ӵмǺܱҵġ
̳˼, ż̳һЩԸ, ν֮ԣӵ桪ǵûΰʱ
Ѿܾûвݹ֪֮룬ʶһ㲢ʱ̳֮㽻ˡ
ӤӤ
ӤӤع, תͷ, ȴײһ
סǰ鷢, ǰǹ֮ؽڻ, ҪѪ, 븹
ж, ˼񣬴Ϊνļ󲻷ֳϵˡӤӤͷԾҪƿȴǡÿһ˳۽ǻ䡣
֮ǰδ
ӤӤҪöʱһǰδеΣУ·ӤӤסö֮Ƕ˱ᱻһε
λףħҪ֮ϣҲ֮൱ȻӤӤ಻λ׶Ա˴谭ӤӤ֪ħ
δܴħ֮ǰħ֮Աǣѩ߹˱ҪִħҲûɵʼħʱȴԼѾ޷ˡ
ħʺ
ħķݣԽ޵ħܸоԼӤӤиҪһ֣޷ˡ
öӲ˸ţ·ҹ֮һֻڰе۾
þðɣҲ㡣
һŮȻڵع֮
ӤӤǰ
ⲻ֪ӤӤҪ˻ֻлڱű˵ĹģӤӤ˵һõ顣
ԭϲֱ˱ĸо̳ιļ֮ϲһ㣬תΪ̰
ļУɢǽԳûܵһǰػ
ӻζŵkǱʱ᲻ˡοֻһļ䣬
޻ġӬһԣ˳ӤӤʱĽš
ᡰ׹ǡ
£ϣϽɫΪԲģΧУǱԼҲǶԶ塣
ӤӤȻһȺɴܣڵĴֲڷɶ˻ֻҪ󼴿ɡ
˶ⴧ⣬ȡѡ
ᡰ׹˫־Ա⣬ɫ䴹䣬ӤӤƺʲôԹᡰ׹ǣᡰ׹вѪ⣬ֻһӨİǽڡ
ǲǱҪɱˣȻ뱾أɼ̡ᡰ׹ǽöץģǵķþãԭĶ
ҰöõֺҾͻҪɱˣô
ع֮УӤӤ侲һ֮д
ֱ˺޻ķֽ޻ûӦҪʱ䡣Ŀǰᡰ׹ǣᡰ׹ûɱֵ˼ҲҪӡ
ɲһᡰ׹ǽǰһ磬ԡ
˫ţ˭ҲûȷѡӤӤܲ²⵽ᡰ׹֮û֣Ǽɵع
ᡰ׹ΪɳԨΪԵѪϴɳԨ߻ĻǣΪɳԨļ졣ִ£ȻϣɳԨżˡ
ᡰ׹ϴϤϢ̳еǶμУ͸Լļ˾֮ɳԨ˾е
ᡰ׹ҲڴӤӤ
ʶǰǸ֪ǸСģǷˣλĲлת֮ˣ̳λһֵ
һ˲뷨£Ϊһ𷴿ⲻ
ֻ֪Ⲣ޿ܣӴ˵忪ʼעˡ֮ԼϿģѷģΪ֮ҪĴۡ
֮ǰҹҪһܾͬˡԴˣȴˡϾ蹵뷴νǰ㣬˵ͻ
ʲô֣ԸôڽҲҵıᡰ׹ǿӤӤ
ӤӤ
鼧
ʼջáᡰ׹ȻԹҪö࣬䲻͵Ϯ֣ԹȻᡰ׹ǱҲơ
ᡰ׹ĿӤӤŲ
ԭתӤӤ
֪عɹھµϺᣬеǰʱһʲôţ
һλ̵ô
Ǽĸ
ᡰ׹Ǳ߿ȥܷɣСһһţӤӤָֻ֣Ӳס
ؽţҲǵȹ˵ᡰ׹ǣƤЦⲻЦصɨһѹ
˵ͷ
ǰʱǷ֮ı䵽УѪᡰ׹Ƕ˶٣ĿȻΪᡰ׹Ҫǳ֣׼ӦУȴᡰ׹ǹ𴽽ǣһ˼ӡ
ԭˡ
˶٣ֵȻӦϵáɣ
ѣ
ܱᡰ׹ģҲǹ֮λֻǶѵ˽ѩڤˮ̸֦ļ䣬û
ǲԣᡰ׹ҡҡͷڤˮأӦüɣ
˵ͷ
Żӳᡰ׹۵ףᡰ׹˫۾ɫΪǳɫһȴ͸ű죬·һ˫͸Ѫɫ
ѣڤˮ֦ң˶ᡰ׹ǡᡰ׹ҧҧ֣ʣڶ࣬ǿߣ֪Ϊʲôֻô
Ϊǿ
ʱӤӤתΪƽʵǳٻЩʱ¡̬ٶҲ졣
ڤˮ֦ҲǱȽڤˮ֦ʾáȻʲôʲô
ᡰ׹ǲʱոţ۵΢һ˿οҡҡͷ
ˡΪ֣Ǵ紫ġ֪޷£ȴ޷ֻϾ࣬Ѿ޷ͷˡ
ڤˮ֦ǵ£ģڤˮ֦ĵ״ƣҽ£¡ԴΪһڤˮ֦˳ڤˮ֦ܾ߳ŭڤˮ֦췣һȺԴΪĸ֮
ᡰ׹̲סЦˣȻӤӤĪᡰ׹ӦúܷԤСʱᡰ׹ȴһ㶼裬ЦҲǼΪģдڱ𴦣˵Ϊһҹ㡣
¶İ׹΢ɷ羰ᡰ׹ǵľֹԳƵ޿ޡ
ѣǼȻʶұһ䡣ƽʲôŵ㣬Ψһõóֵıһ֡ͬһǰʹӣҳϣԶԶҪ֮ϡǰΪ˸ȡѻȻʵˣʱȷʵлӳȥģվǺѲ˸ϵһҪʹ硣
ҡᡰ׹ΣʱЦ񣬾ֹȵ壬Ө׹ǽڣҲǳЦ¿Ժԡ
˻֣һʯƾճڵعСϰһյ豭һɢ˷ľ¹̸㡣
һƣ
ҵĹôҵĹ¿ܻλ˸Ϲʱ仹кþáӤӤ￴վȥֻԲԳԹӣȺȲ裬֮취ζԸô


113 
ɳԨĳǹ, 鼧ɳԨóĹ
üĿ续һǣٹ, ˷ĽԱ
Ϊò, Ҳž޵Ĳ, ѡгΪһμ˾̷
ɳԨļ˾һ, ܵɳԨ˾²УҲΰ͸Ϊ֮ˡ
ʮ, ɳԨ¶İѰˡ
ɳԨŮӣӦǿ䡣鼧ĸ
ĸӦ, ѡ, ѡɳԨĻźϻŮ, δ֤õ޻
ɳԨºгһģɳԨϽߣ軤಻õд̿ϮȷʵҪЩ׻ˡ
ÿϽ, յʽĻ, ڻ֮СøŮЩˣõĴƻ¶, ָɳԨ°ա
ɳԨŻ壬ҲɳԨա, ໥ġ
֪ǳϻڵ޻ʱ, Сؾϲһ¡̲ס㽻ɪԳɻֻܳΰ, κᣬ֮Ҳ벻
ĸƣҲĸôͥ䵴ǧĸǧϣж˵Ц
ʱ޻Ҳǧô̲ס롣
ֻǵ޻ʱȴԷɻǺϻڵҪֻƫƫһŰ۲ӵģԼܻ򶯶Է
ϾɳԨĹɳԨŮӣҪĶܵòҲԼò
˳òŮӣóݵĿ⿴㣬ǵһϲãںһ飬᲻Ķô
ô˴ģҲʱ顣ǽ࣬ΡΰħػɭɭǾţǽ飬ɽûûķ顣
СһֱɳԨɳԨηҲǴĮأͨδۼɳԨķ⣬֮ǰҲδɳԨ֮Ҫ̲򿪽Ҫ׷ս𡣶ɳԨǧ궼Ȼ
ʱ򲻽ĸĸɳԨڳɳԨǧ񣬶ΪɳԨӻ͸ۺʱΡȻ
˭Ҳ֪֮ûһΣӦǻ֪Ҳ㡣
ֻӻ£һʱģСС
ϼ£ļﾫƵģ֮ã˸޽УǶ鱦ֻڼԴҹǿ飬ĸ󹬵еҹҫ۶Ŀĸϲ
ĳˡ
˭˵أڣʱ񰡡
ױʱ߻ŹһʱƮƮȻ֪ںηɹԼţֻ޻סԼòһ졣
ͭ׵ˣһѪ˽ʲô
һһϣ˵ʲô
һը죬ڵһվЩȹڰˤڵϣһԵĹæȴƿˡ
˵ʲô˵Ŀǡ棿
Ծʵ顣׼
أ
촽ˮѪ£մ˾ɻĵ̺ѳˡ
ѳ
ĸǰ˽׵ǿߣᰣ֮ıԾŽǿҲֵܵһôѳ
šţ޻ģ
ˣ˴䣬Ŀǰ֪ںδȥؿͷȥֻеһ˿ɽȶΪ¾Ч
ɽڣûհ£
ȥɣǿ԰¡˼òɻһ£ɳԨ֮¡ɳԨҲ֮ʱ
ΧĹ𾪻֮󣬷׷׹£Ȱ˵ͷĵֿ죬ǼѪ¡
æ𣬵ֹǸһƬһж۵ףϵȴʱʱʶҲججҲ
ĸ֪ôҧ´а׵ָײڼ֮£ݺԼָ׷ǶѪ˿ʹ̼Լѡ
ѹһݣ
Ŵȥˡ
Ȼݿȥ־ȴͷһͰˮһ˵Ļȴ
ڡɳԨǾʣˡ
ǵǿߣǾ⡣ţǿƣ޷ֿ¿Ʋܣ͸ɳԨ
ˣĻ˵ỤɳԨҿԸ㣬Ҳʲôν˾ܼ̳еһģԴ޻̸֮
ȥʿǰȥָ÷ף˵ȴǰ߾ʿֿһ˾Ӻ͵
Ҳǻ·ʱҲңҲЩ֮һϮƮƮҡҡɳԨ¥
ʶмʮŽ׵ǿߡīƱοգ׵ߣѹÿԷһ׹⻮֮ʱɳԨʿһʬ
ʬ鲻ӦԱݣӲƵķϿǵɳԨĸʡ
۽һᣬȴûĳҲע⡣ȥǵоͳ˻ģʱս
鼧£ҲˣսɳԨذɣǿйֻɳԨ˸أǵеİô
룬һʤȯյӡ
ûҲ֪ڵʲôеǿ߶ڴˣͼϷɳԨ
ĹģȻıѾá
Ҫʲô
ʱսǱζŶ̸Ŀռء
ɳԨˣɳԨң޶ȣʹͿ̿಻ԡֻе
ưؿ˲мЦʱʱмĿɨҷУа֮ֱָ
ǣ˵鼧¿ɻϲ
ıʿߣʲôƨﰮӣ鼧¸ǡ
һ˲Ǳʿͷ­žһը˿ѪŰ׻ԽɳԨǽ
вĲӬҽСﾡЦ⣬鼧¿һ£ȻģⲢǱһ˵㣬˵Ҳ޵ģ˵˾ǰһǻˣôѹסŭ𡣡
ȻˣĿȴ̰Զǽ̻Ի͵ɳԨ
ԶԷ˵ߵڰף֪ԼⲻһɳԨİա
ǵĿӣɳԨչڳڸ־֮Ⱥ鼤ߵسŵҪΪЧ
ٹģֵܵù
ԻͶ׳ǣҲлһ˵ܸоǿӲңȫ˲Щ̧ƽŶߣ֪أ޹ġֻܱ֤Ǵɱһô
ԭǱһԼֱϴģΥػϳ͡
ƺȨѾãվǴӦͬԼ
ֻɱɳԨ壬ǺưɳԨգ˰һˡ
££
鼧£
²ɣ
ǵҪʲôºͿ£
˺ѷεĿ޺ɳԨ´ǺЦһչ˺īƣǡϣľŮ
֪أԸ೤
̧һĵԼ˳ǺһģеģɫķָɢѪȾ£ɶ߽ΪɫԡʼʼձǳЦ⣬·ʹ
ͳԼ֮󱻶á
һкһֻӳ¥һԾ¡
ɳԨǧİʮ꣬ɳԨ鼧ηޡɳԨա
ĻƮƮڿУʱԼȥܻɳԨջҲ㲻
ɲûС
оǷνԼǣΪѪϴɳԨ֮ʱıӻѪϴɳԨգҲմȾɱ˺ҵϡ
֪
ҪɳԨĲƱҪĨɳԨλĺۼɳԨ˽λ͸ѪϴɳԨһļϵĽ
ɳԨλνִС֮ԳٳٲɳԨǣǲ룬ɳԨһѪơ
ֻҪɳԨǱ
λҲڱӻɳԨ
ˣҲһУûܻסɳԨ
ˡ
ԹɳԨԫϱϺɢȥ֮ڷ֮ϳһŮݻòФǰգȴݹ֧룬ģ
˺ɳԨ鼧ֻᡰ׹ǡ
ɳɳԨݹǣԹδ֮£δ֮ԹڴɳڣǻɳԨַղɢԹ顣


114 
ᡰ׹ǵĹ¸ոս, عűһ÷顣
ᡰ׹ƺԤˣһǳǷϯİ罣
Ȼ, Ǳѩ˪, ⽣֮еǾ, ǼǴ˼޻ɱ
鼧
޻עᡰ׹, ׷Ѫɫܿͱһɱǹȥ֮ǿԶ
ǧɽ
Ȼ, ӤӤܺԸоʱ޻չ¶飬ԼԼ
ᡰ׹ת, ޻, ֻʳһ⣺, ͬΪأ
Ȼ֮Ѫ˿޻۰ף޻ֲִ, һѪ˳¡ǹƵס
㿴, ˵Ӧùŵġڤˮ֦Ȼڵع
žһɫعڤˮ֦, оƿ֦֦ʱ޻ĺ, ֮ҵ, תС
, ѩû飬Ӧ
ᡰ׹ҲЩ⣬ֻڤˮ֦ʧȥƿؾĸоʱڤˮ֦ڤˮֹ֦жͣȥֲǺóսˣǵĸоȫɲ⡣
Ҳɣڤˮ֦޻ᡰ׹ǵǰǾͲƽͺú̸һ̸ô
λúպýӤӤ
һֱƽ͡ᡰ׹Ƴһ޻Ŀ⴩ڤˮ֦Сķ򣬡Ǹڤˮ˵˵жô
ȷʵûеġ
֮ǰᡰ׹һֱǽȥᡰ׹ǵĻ佲֮޻˼ҵᡰ׹ûлֻ֣޻һ⡣
ƾһ޻˹
ӤӤڤˮ֦ͻȻӦһˣɵʣڤˮǰӫأ
ӫһ˰ڤˮ֦˻кʱֽţʱܹԵλáǰƤ鼧֪Ҳֻֽܰˡ
޻ϸһĨ֮ɫǣ˸ոƹˡؿȳ˼ѪҪ߹ȴȥڤˮ֦ӺסϣЪЪգС
ܿ죬һ޻ϣĻƹһ˹ȥ
תСҡҡͷû취ҽҪĲʵΪѡ
ǰ԰ˣڤˮ㵨Ҳ湻ġᡰ׹ǻǺЦѾ˲١
ҲƽЩڤˮ֦ú޻ͷȥᡰ׹ǣᡣ֮ǰҹô˵Ǽ£ûпܡ
ᡰ׹ϲ¶ӤӤע⵽ᡰ׹Ѿץסöӣץסʱ׹֮ϻûѪ⣬ġ
֣СǱ߿һۣ㲻᲻֪ʲô˰ɣ
Ī磬Ů࣬ЫΪĿĲֶΣο֮ͼڤˮҲͶ
Ȼ㿴ϳǶλأ
⧲ڤˮֱ֦ӽӤӤƵᡰ׹ǰ
ת֮ǰΪͽм䲢֮ο䶼ûаɣ
ʱӤӤѾܲ³ڤˮ֦⣬ڤˮ֦Ҫͬᡰ׹ǽˡ
뵽֮ǰһΣѩ˵ģҪǽµ졣
ξʵĳӳ䣬µ죬ͬԣƷ뷨Ȼĵһ뵽ˣӤӤֻ΢΢٣ȫѪҺʱҪ죬֪ԼʱӦΪ
ӺȦ˻Уסļƺڰ¡
֣˲䣬ΪӦ
ڤˮתΪ˵񣬻ô
Ҳ㣬Ҵδ̤磬ұаʸûСҲ΢֪Щ飬޷ǡ\'֣󣬻ͬһ飬ȡ֮һģֻأ뷲졣֮޿ܡ
Ȼˣǲδֻذ
ڤˮָָ֦һתֻ֮أλãЩϷֻأֻأ޷ļ󡣡
У߽һڤˮ֦ᣬָ֦һһᡰ׹ǰᡣҪ֪Ϊ֮ǰˡ

ͬᡰ׹ǵ̸г˳
ڤˮ֦ᡰ׹˵˺̫ܶĻӦǹǸʱģҲǧ֮ǰ¡ͬĻܹİ·֮Ŧڤˮ֦ԭᡰ׹ǲ죬ڻ֮Уᡰ׹౻ڤˮ֦˵
ᡰ׹ڤˮ֦˵ԭֲִġ
ᡰ׹ԭԹ֮еԹ飬ԹɳԨ֮ˣԹ⸲ɳԨ֮ԹԼΪǴԹеִǧѾŨʣԹ
ܳɹӸ꣬һ
̸վ֣ᡰ׹վǽԭɳԨ֮ｻӤӤ˵ԭҲã˵ǶҲá֮ᡰ׹Ǻǽͬˡ
޻ڤˮ֦ͻ˻ʱչšȻᡰ׹Ǻ޻йôһΣκ޻޵ᡰ׹˵һΪܱܲҲδܱס
ʵϣȥġ֪תˡҲڶģ㲻ȥĻҪ׼еĶԼԼΪǰҪҪôˡ
ӤӤӴϢ˳ڱʣΪʲôԼ
Ϊ֮ǰʵ˳һֶûԼڤˮֲ֦̾ħˣ鵽ĽгôվŵľǳǸ鷳ļһ»һ鷳ˡ
鷳̶ʵֹվǱߣǴ̵Ļ洫ҲѶԸܲùһɣøûʵ;ͺ΢ĳ̶ֳϿһ㣬ӰĿӡ֮Ҫ֮ǰ
ֲ¼áڤˮ֦ͻڣοԴúܣĶҪ֪һ£мǲЧʦͻƵһʱֱ١
ڤˮ֦¡ܿɽɽΡΡⰻȻɽҰ֮е׺ŻưС·ɢŵǵ⡣
ɽͣһֻظӤӤɳԨһеó񣬱ɽ÷˲Żعɽ磬ա
ո˺þãܸʲôôѯӤӤյ֣ת᲻صعһӤӤСıǼ⣬պ֮⡣
ֱ÷Ѫ˵ġӤӤεص
ֻ㲻Ըұ㲻ǿȻ˵ǴǰȥӤӤǰֻǵһɳԨ֮Уǽξ񡣡
һֱĵĻ⣬ʵħ֮£о޻ڤˮ֦ᡰ׹ǶܿҲΪ֮κһܿĻѩһֱԲ䡰˱ħ𡱡ȻӤӤ֪ӤӤ͸¶µ˳򲻵ѣԼ
ֻǣǰٹ⣬ǹȥڡӤӤԼбҪһ棬ֲһ䣬ʵᡰ׹˵һ仰ͦеġûм̸̳Ǹع֮УȻͷ֮жһּ䣬תվ
̧֣ȼһ΢Ļ磬ԾԾͬ˸ӫӳġһʱֱ治һһȼ֮
ڤˮǰҲ˵ˣгʱ䣬һʱο
ҵһĽ̡ӤӤϨе棬ͷȥؽ뻳С
ֻҪǶúõģӳá
ʵΣֻҪԼ顣ᡰ׹Ѿѩ߶λӵĹ½˳ѩû¡ɳԨ֮оһһƮƮתתվת˼䡣
ǵճָ죬޷Уɽ൱ƽ޺ۼ֮ΪʵǸ޷ԽżȥȻҪȴܾģȴڡ
ӤӤ֪ϱ̳еĲһĻԵõһ񡣳֮ʲôˣҪںһ񣬶Ҫðűʶķա
ֻ˾֮һƲлꡣҼ̳һֲ˵ǰΰããְһˮ
ȥøѩʰѩڷĹżպӤӤڵع֮Ҳ̳˹żصǶʷļ䣬ʦͽ̽Ƭ̣˵˵תӤӤǰ
վˡѩԴ˵ûʲôʧΪοҪ֮ǰֻҪһǾܰߡ
õʲôֵ⣬ת֮ת
˵ֻܵͽܣһڡײ졣
ѩųһŴѣװ·תӤӤ飬ƺʲôʵġ
ӤӤ˵ͷʮָſڣʦһЩĸ׵顣


115 
еòл, ѩ಻֪Щʱȫܵģû͸¶˿
ֱް, ׷Դҵ̳һ塣, ֹж, ЩԺԭǵõ˼ҳĹһȴǳ, ֮ءֵһ嶼Ůӣȴòڵ
ֻһʱ, ʣһˣ̴ûжϡ޶ϸڣѩƲһ֮˥, пһ嶼췣
ҵѹ, 뻹ǰʹƫƫҪЩ˵, ڤˮ֦ĹȴЯɶö֮˽ڷֱӷȱľԻᱻȻľ췣֮ǰˡ
쵽⼸ӤӤЩ
ӤӤ˵Ҳǰһȥ§, , ͸ܿӤӤÿҹǰ, ڵдʲô
ӤӤȥ;ƿݣһϱƿ˽ȥ, ӤӤλ, ǿнشϢ
ӤӤеֿ, ָҪѣӤӤղ߲ĽϲоࡣŵʱӤӤյҧһ֡
˵գʵҲȫȷʵڹȻħˣҲݲùҪ˳ΪԼЭˣôͷ
ҧᣬ֪Ϊ˭ҵСèأ˿ϵӡǳǳĿ鰼ȥĺۣȥ㰲㣬½ȴӤӤһק
˵˭èءӤӤ°ڣץԼ壬ҧסĶȵĺĦĲɨ졣
ֻҧǼἫǳӤӤһʼҧûֻ˫麬档ĺԽҼ٣ͷϸ׵Ĳչ¶ǰ
ͣȥ㰲İ·
֪ȷд£ֻõµŮӱãһɫѵմȾĺ쳾ȴֻߢŮ
ɰ֬Ĵ֣ӤӤ򢣬ĶҪжأһֵǧĹ䣬֮Ȼ෴ǩ
һ޶ϧӤӤոնҧ۾ģָ츧ӤӤʱϸëҲû۶
ӤӤҧ֮ţȴ䴫ʹֻƬ̵ѣʹģ֮޾֮С
ƮƮֻһֱȥĵϣɽǨһӳɴ㣬Ĳ׺ɣ֮ɻعһ֮С
УӤӤжһ˲Զļʶ֮ǻģģ֮У·𿴼һɫĻ֮У˼ڴˣԽԽ࣬۳һӤ̬ͯ
ľѿӤ᳤ͯ󡣴˴֪ﺮ֪˶꣬ӤͯһŮӡ
˾ƿأϵ£Ω
ܳΪΰȻҲô۳
Ϊɣһƺ;һ֮ϣһɳߵݣȴ߰ԸߵߵĻӦڹ֮Ū
Ӳ⣬棬Ͷȥ쳾֮С
һ˼䣬һ˴ӵһŮɣŮɳѣȻ衣
·ˣΪΣ
·˴Ի񡣡
Ǻˣ޷б𣬽Ǻ쳾쳾ȥؼ䣬кܰѵ˹쳾
㲻֮򣬷ɵһЩ˷Ϊ֮ˣȡһԼΪⲻ֪򲩴ǧƱǧʵʼնδй˿ת䡣
쳾ǧ֮ạ̃ϲֻءǰߵĸ߶תתһȦ¹תݡ
Ȥշתǻ쳾ڼ͸һǳء
֮Ų䣬֮޸
͸գ־ζȥһĴѽʱһֻɫϼĴվǰ
Ǻˣ

ش⣬Ҳͬͨȥһתָѣιˣ
͸ܳܣ˷֮͸˷򡣡
ƣһΪ˱ۡ
Ȼ򣬷֪вôӺζȻʾлһ˿񽻻һβŵطꡣ˺ϸ͸ǳأջش͸ȴӵۣһŮǷ̵֮࣬衣
ظ裬¡
Ƭ̣ĬȻ顣
ȻһҪۣ۱ǡ
ԴԷǣһΰɢؼ䣬¾֮Уٲֺ쳾¡
ֱĳһ֮һ϶ڴзһӤͯ
Ӥͯϣһβɫԣ״ɽ


116 
ʱ, Ȼ
ı֮У΢չ߲߰ڵϣһؽͥԺȸת, Ұשʯ϶, һش, һۻ, ң
۾ǻ֮, 龰ãһ׮һ֮, һ, 滺ɡ
Һá

, ȥԼҪ¡ƩȥһˣƩȥһˣƩȥһ
ǰɢûйȥģֻӤӤ, ֻӤӤ
̵Ů, ѩĵӣСδʽĵ¡
ļֻͣ, ƫƫѹѪѪ޸촽ϵסǿɶúܡ
뵽, ӤӤĵһ㱡ŭ, ̲ס쵽, ʹһ¡
ڱ˯ţ첲һ죬ֽȦ˻С
ˣţֱֱ
֪ܣ
ʱ򣬿ϲŸʽԷܸоһѾܾòӦд˹顣ȴĵ֪ν⣿
һҰһȣһѼӡӤӤӰЩëʸʰɾϣûɾӰϡ
׼ĬĬܿʱӤӤӺ洫㣬⼸òã
عͷӤӤˮߣ΢˰ģոյľˡ
ӤӤױױģ筴Ŀ֬ڸͣƫƫβıعգ˵Ŀ⼯˫ֵˮУԽˡ
ӤӤ͸˹ץ䣬һԣȵĺ³ȷʵޱĻϧˣǰȴԲ
˵ϴԣӤӤչһЦ۵׾޹ͯ㣬Ҫôأ

޻ڤˮ֦Ļס˼գڵȶ⼸ΪѾ飬Ĺǵڤˮ֦治ɫȴ鼧ʱЩϡ
ڤˮ֦ߣΪؿյĹѡ
Ȼ޷ͷˡڤˮ֦̾һ֪ôˣǵļƻٻƳټꡣ
޻˫Ŀƽҵڤˮִ֦ϣϢ
ҿûôõĴʱ㶪ҩˣ𡣡
£޻ֻ꣬ȥ鼧㲻ᴥĽƣƣȻҲƹ
δйͻʣӦöɽٷˡ
м֮ͬ۶
Ļشڤˮ֦֮Уڤˮ֦һɣֻӫ󣺡㿴ôġ
޻һӫ󣺡Ľ֮֮֮ǰʹ㡣Ĺ
ڤˮ֦ӫ˳ȥĵ״ñӫӳջġ
޻
޷ѩǱҲһǹģǸĿĲꡣǡ
̧̧ȻԸָӫ󽣵Ǳٺòˡ
޻
ĽŲԶȥоƬѩ׷

ϼ׼ѵɵؽС
Ѿ൱׵ѹ׵ơʱҲ⡣һһȥʲôֱۡһգ߮һ
ǹϼѡϢ
ȻɽΪãЧ̰鱨ȷʵġϴڵ֪ССɣ֪ټţֻҪμϼĶ˸׳졣
ӤӤĿѸţŲ֮УֺȻλڰף˪졢¶ϡȱ밲СС
⣬磬ʣһҲʶ
ϾһʱѾħڵüˡ
˪밲߽ĩˣССӦ߽жλ߳Σڳ¶Ϻͳȱôָϵİֵ֣
ҡҡͷ
뿴߮
˵߽ףвڰ˽׵ʵһ̥¶ǽޣȱޣȻ߮Ҫǰ֪鱨˵ʱδǲǵֶβ硣
ֶָսʱķ̶֮ڳ˷׷״۵Сۣþòԡ
൱磬ԼҲҪѶԷȥķӣô
صԷ
һѪڻ֮ϣӤӤ˿ƵľƮ£Ƭ̺󣬻ɫĹâһֻƾûʧȥӰ
һ˫ͫΧһʧȥ˱ɫֻһ֮
֮ǰʧĻҲС

֮Уһθ֣֮½
ڱѩڤˮ֦ټ֮Ǳ˱ɽĶתѾѩĽӡ׳ţȡ˳ƽճŵ
ᡰ׹ڤˮ֦һ£ڱ֮Сعͷѵͼ
ȻԸؿһֽչͼ
ͼճɽգʯͣػ࣬壬ʵħ
ηƽˣҲΪޡָָͼϵһɽͻսᡣ
µѾнľѣ˫ϼҲᱻСˮĲչزжľѩֻȡǿᡣ
üˣΪβϼϽݻ
ҪûȶȡöࡣѾ취˵ӡģĨǱ˷ֵ࣬㵱Դ
ǹЦģڳࣺºڴǵ顣
ҪʲôҲܣ֮ԼȥĮħӡάּ꣬ħչλϢѾɢȥǸʱ򾪶Ҳδ֪α֤˱ضתħ
ҪɱǸС᲻ħ
ħ֮˵ɱ㡣
ġַŵһƬ̺һƣ֮һ塱
ڷʱħ֮˥ʱ򡣵ʱͻСӹ塣ʽ΢˼ţʱһٻɡ
ʧˡ
ʧ֣һеı۵ӹһĨ⡣
Ǳתһμɡ


117 
ڳ˵, ǧûбȷҪ顣
ֻǵ꣬ȹ̣һһϦܿ⡣
, Ƕ˽Ϊ̡˴ȥ䡢ıת, ԼɶҪԵ, һſˣܷõĿˡ
˵ƶ, ǵһͻƴ˼߾磬߲֮ˡΪ˽Լͬ޷ֿ߲֮һԷΪΪ߻ֲ㼶, ƶͨտ֮˱ᱻɣΪһԱ
Ҳ, 緱, , ԶƣԶϸ޳ػսݣѪĳԼ˻ħ뷨Űĵط
һӶô뷨Ϊ, ﲢǡ
鶼ǷħĽ̡ħȻħ, ͬҲӵԼĳ̶ֳħ£Ļ֮, ͻ
ħУħĽҲڸ֮ǰ, ǿֹСҹħŮ, ߳Сħ, ƾʵվΪ̡ǵ΢ǸǸûеĻᡣϾѡܵ߶Ҫ
ңֻӶ̫ԭԼĶΪ֮ǾͻУתΪȡ֮мҳȡֲ֮ѶвͶĻᣬ˻ᷴԲͶͶá
֮жȡ֮ǿԼģ»һʱԻͣվ·
ֱڣҲɵø̾ȷʵס˵ĺܶ໰ڿе
Ϊ㣬Ҳ˽⵱ʽǧȷʵߣĿӣԵ֮;֮ǰ˴֮һֱؾϳͣȴ֪ûС
ʤһɡǰģΪԼڷϴӡܸǣȴӡѾǿķ˷֮
νӡˡ
ǧǰʵûȫ֮ӦյģһλԵɣǴ֮зһӤӤ˻Ϊ˶ȡƽϼӿܡ
ֻǲɣӤĴڱħˡħʼֻ֪һӤΪĸͬŵĶȤζ㽫Ӥߡֱͬžһ̸۴ʱ֪ԼߵǱ˻
ǰ߻Ǻߣʼûкڣо޳ɵġħ𱾾ǸӣֻԼ˶Ե飬ȴûпʲô
ӤǱ⣬ʶ֮оǿҵΣʶ˻ͷħ֮䶨Ȼ̵ǣӤȫΪãֻܲǳ˻Ӥħǲòġ
˵ʱģ˻֮ǱƷ˶Կ˰˻ħܵСħʧѾȷд
ⱲӶ޷Ƿǰһ죬һħټ顣
ħգϣǻȥھ뿪죬Ὣһлսᡣ
ѿڶһˡ
ȻⳡֹۣѾ˱̬Ҳֻø˵뿪
սѾƣ롣˺ۣµ˿ڣܷǿ֮ҲԶ
ô
ѵЦЦЦⲢ۵ף̧ǰȴ鿿ʱһĺϡ
鵹ȥʶǰס
ߡû˵Ļ翴˳ⳡעֵȤ򵥽˼֮󣬽һöҵݸ˳ȵ֮㽫ҵĽƽ⿪˰Ľơ
ĽҪպܽ⿪
ʲôҪô
ħ֮еƻ΢صĿͷħ֮л졣
սȾѪ£ɱħ硣ħڶƴɱ֮и࣬ӪﶼħѪȳΪʹİŽңѸٴдСħϳħḶ̌׷ס
ħʹˣħ˵ʲô
ħʹ֪ʲôʱܽô
ܴô
˷ԭʹħҲȴĻ
ħӪħŭ𣬳֮Ϣ
֪ʲô֪ζ˵ħ᲻ħ˶ħӡħĸɸꣿ
ֻ֪ûӦһߣͬһǱڸɢҽƮ֮УԭڳϵħħϤͻħ磬ħĴŻرա
ħˣϣ
նݳ
Źˣ
˴˷Ƿ׷ʩҪħ򣬵Ǵͷ仹ûʱǧ˿֪ӺδƮƷ䲢ûʵʵƣζǿ
Ƿ׷ѰҵϮʱȴһڰգ
ǵĶ֣ҡ
ǲսʤɱɱ
쿪ʼǧƱڳﻮ֮С
Ҳ֪֧ԼȥʲôΪԼǸҳϵˣҪиߵǰܻܿԥֱӷѡ֮ˣһ˵Ὣеķƻ
һս֮Ԫˣ⼸궼û¶档ֻһͬʱȥĹ᲻¶档
ţǱĿġΪ˷ɽ߶ԼĽƣֻҪһԱһ˽ǿԱ˽ǿ׾ٱܴݻһǳأҪǳǧ˽ǿԱ
ڻɶˣⲢĹķΧڡ˵ǱҪġ
ʧܣʧˣϱὫʱߵҪһ졣ԵжгѾ޷ı䣬ЩѾ顱֮½νת֮УȻܴԼ
˰ɫһߵĵزûֻٽ˵ֻ»Ϊδ谭

ȻĿһ£ͬС
ڤˮ֦ҡл֦ɢ컨꣬ܽᡣ
ҡˣҡҶҪĻ걻ˡѩεص
ӤӤժϵһ꣬һ£תͷʣڤˮǰո˵ΪĿĲֶΣӫ񲻾Σˣ
岻Լ֮УҲκβҲǳյǸ塣
磿Сͬ
ǧ굮һΣ;˿塣֮ȣǧ˿Ƶϵ岻޷ݻ١
֪ôӤӤһ£ɱ¾ԡ
ɱ¾֮ʱմȾҵϣҵʴǣɱҵصѶ٣ΪѾɱҵʴòƲɱ¾ܿݻ塣

֪ôĺҡѽЩʱ룬ҵ˭
ʱ֣ӤӤһһŴϣֱƹ§ţĴЩİȫС
Ȼ㡣
⻰ͬڷϻˣӤӤ°ʹͷͷңָоҲˡ
ͻȻðܶ䡣ʱ˭ںηҪȥ
ҵݣһ˵ĸ׵ŮĸȴлңʦĵӣһĸϢϢء˵λֲĻǣһƲл꣬ʵ벻Ҿ˭
̲ס˾ЦôݣټһҵĵҲ޷
ҹžֻоԼĶ꣬ƲӤӤĶ䡣
ӤӤ˯ʱһϰߣᣬǸСèҪס˵ζ
ΪĵôӤӤ룬ܸо˳µ飬ʵڡﻹǲ
ӤӤ󣬷˸תӤӤ§ԼУʲôʼôҲˡ
֪㲻ǡ֪ΪΣӤӤŵȫڷֻýԼ羱ϣϵ㣬Լȶȥ
̫ļµԵʣˡӤӤֻҵö࣬úӣǽӳء
ҩոյĲȻɢȥ˲١ӤӤУĪǸոΪļ²ŵµĺ˼룿
ѩ֪ҹ뷸ļ֮£⼸ѵʱȡӤӤԷ̵Ļִ񡣿ʼʱҲҪȥΣûἰ¡
顣
ΪԼյĳһ̳һֻߺԴˡ
иҩѵĺô͹ԳҲСʱԾŵ˵̽ӤӤššü
ҩ˵ҩü
²ԼҪ޽ɣӤӤսս롣
ɴȥˣżɽôˣмɻ
һۣջ֣³֣ϲ
ʲô


118 
ʵҲϲ, ֻŻŻӤӤȴӤӤ棬׷׼·ݡ
Ϊ, ƾյظоԼһԼĶֻöӤӤԼոֻڿЦ, ʵûϲ
㵽ΪʲôʹʦкӰεʡ
Ȼû, ҾͷˡӤӤؿڣҲŵò, ӡûͨооŮӶԻ֮
أٲĸµĲоÿճŵʱҲĿϿ, ֻҪ֮һŽֹ
ոҴǱ߻ѩ˵ϼ֮󣬾Ҫʹʦٰ֮񡣡գգ۾, ˵ʲôӣͷӷϼ, ʮױô
ŲɡӤӤ, һĨϼ⣬ĽһʽӼ򣬿˶סһˣʲôӭ
ǻʽҲҪаһӻмνĥ, ٿǰһ, ҪȻǿԳ
ϦѾ, ҹĻδ٣ϼ۵ǳ, ǡô, 鲻, ʱܿϼҲ˲١
ôʡ
ǳſɽˮ⣬쳾̻𣬿ƽʱɽϲܼķ󡭡Ͼ˼ŵĲ໹Ǻܴġ˼ЦЦȻִֻʱɽżһˣҲ˳·ķܹ鲻̫ˡҪֻΪͶͣ
ⲻǳȥôӤӤʧЦ
æͷ԰
ʵҲ΢Ҫȥú棬ʱ䲻ʵ̫СûʱȥΪ֮顣
ȥܱȿһԼооǺáúõˣһһȦ֣̾Ϣţ㿴϶ûˡȻ׷ϸӯ̫չ鲻Ǻõġ
ô˵Եˡ
Ȱ㡣ʱʦǼҰˣֻ¡Ц˸
ԱߣӤӤоͷãЩƺֻеĸоҲ귽沢йء
ǸϲһĹϵ䣬ô¶⣿

ȥֵһ׮һаСίУڰ֮ǰҲɣһⶼûв徿ôһ¡
˵ǰӤƵʧ١ڣĿɨٶȷһ飬ûҵκӤƾվʧˡ
彣ûĿô
Ŀ߾Ͳǹˡ
˰ȥµĹʦڷСǻţߵΪҲףӴǶʦֻһжΪ֮ˣǷ⹧
Ѿھʦû׸ԣǽһЩ˰صֲȷǲɺϵϸڡĻ˵˸û˵һǳأСÿһʱ㽫ǳشϤ˻
ʲôôǰصʡ
֪Ӧ˷֣ʲô
ʵҲûʲôȻô˵ѹѹڰûĺۼ
˵ıʲôѾ˴˼俪ϲɼҵӣζҲνʲôʲôˡΪ֮ұͨͨȥǻ㷺һ֧ûۼʵԾ
ղȥһȦ⣬ȻûмŵģСͨڤԽСͬ乵ͨԽǿӶӤͯܿѲ˹ϵչһŵͼǰǵĳǷͼƵӤͯʧ֮󣬰Ľ䱸Ҳǿ˲٣ⲢûֹӤʧļ
ڤظһֱ̽صĵطв߻һȥ̤ڤһƬ򣬵··ڤĵȻⴥġٹ߳ɶ֮ˣҲڤ֮·ڣй¶
ʺѲ죬Ӥ͵ֻͨƲ˿ܵĶϢӶӤֶλ벻
üġ
ǣҪ֮ǰܺѧϰռ֮ͺˡ̾һĿͻȻԶʲôǰһ
ֻһѩ׵ӳǷ˹ͷ᲻صһ֡ѩӴţϲֻ֣һƬꡣ
Ǿĺ÷
Ǽô̽ͷϱƵһߡ
ȥȥ
û˼ģֻעⰲȫչССϹŰһҪȥ׽ѩӣСһ㵽̽ͷֻڨڨ֡
Ǹطô
֣ܰ
ã
詤βüëһĿͶ䣬ȻҪӤӤӤӤҲҽʦ㡣ҲһһҾͽ㡣
ΪܾûУẰһ䡣
һʱоԼʮ͹£ǰôû
ΪԼ˵㻰ҲֻýͬӤӤֱӶԻ
Щôʡ
ĳȻǱ֮Ψֲģδʱûطȥֻñ͡
˵ֿƽӲƢżָᣬҲмȤζ
ǱôյôӤӤ˷ܣ˷ؿһԵļЩ˵
һʱ䲻֪ôͷһʯͷڴʱӤӤε飬ӤӤһֱǴݵͣױӰ졣޹ذᣬֻÿ˶еĲͬѣҲǶƫƫĲֻӤӤеѡ
ԴӤӤᡰ׹̳һԶļ֮׼ʽ̵̳Ļ֮ӤӤˮһûյʻɫ
յˣͻ㡭ú塣
á
ɬԼ಻ƱģһʱҲ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôƫƫָо޾ĻҪӤӤ˵ֻû֯ԡ
Ȼ֪˵ʲôҲ᲻þ˵һ仰ӤӤֿ
һһϲĹҡ
зӿŵﾡ֪Ӻȴַ޹ؽҪĻ
룬ǿ䣺̫ķѪҪ̫Լǵʱ仹кܳһꡣ
Ĵʦ㣬ڣװֵӤӤ
Ǳܴ󣬾һ룬Ҳ
ɵݸļ򣺡ûô
ѹȻô˵ҪúңҰ˵䣿
ƿһᣬϤԺ
ӤӤҺ㡣
ͷĬƬ̡
Ҳ㣬ʱ޿̲㡭ֻǲ֪ʲôʱᰲޣҴ㡣ңö÷ҵ֣һҵ㡣


119 
Ͽ׷ݵͬɳԨŹʷƽʱ, ֻʼԭ򲢷ǳֱʣǱ˷֮˷, ƹǹ, ֮䡣
֮޷ҵʧٵӤͯ, Ϊ뿪ӻİˣἴ̻, ֻء
ڤˮ֦һöӷϣһ䣬µ˶, ޻˪棬ͬĹڤˮ֦γ˼ΪĶԱȡ
ù¡ʼ޷̽ܽӤתƳǡΪѾ֪Ӥɢȴʮһյؼ
֪Ϊʲô, Ȼķ, ľǵûе, ͻƵסδ飬鷽顣
ϬɽǧӰ죬ѾһƬѩɱ֮أĵطȻڴ޵еת䡣ڤˮ֦ﵽǧµĿ֮һɹ޻ɽ
ʵײ˴ߵķҶԶףֻҪﵽŽ׾͹ˡڤˮ֦һ, ʰ֮, ֮޻ѾƣŽ, ﵽŽ׵ʵҲࡣ
Ž׵Ӧòٰɣ黹֪Ķࡣ޻ָͷţߴﵽŽ׵, ڵŽ׵, Ѱһλ, ϼĸˣŵһ̨ӦŽףвھŽʵİѩ
㡣
֪޻̧һӣɹֵΣں̨ȺСǾŽףһŽжεĶҲǵ꣬ʱǾԸʣҲд󡣿ڣʱҲˡ
ɱӤǵϾǳˡӤӻĿɲֻΪķ䡣ΪһʱСֹʣ⼸Ϊ˷ֹк׿ţȴһֱ½ȡ֮άƽ⣬󲻹һ꣬ƽάֲȥˡ
ƽάֲȥһ¹ڷ䡣ʱͻһͻƼ֮ٶȽ磬ֻأÿһ綼Ӳ
ǰҺͰѩ˵ģһԼļ⡣
޻ûдϣһֱھţ̵ֱ֣̾Ϣһ
̣վһ̣ɢ֮С

һԽڰϷ
ʱΧƷ˵ĲǴĽɫ棬ǲ˵ĺںҹ֮Īұżаʲôû˵ֻ׷ȥǵӰ֮ϵı飬ըǧĩڷ֮ǹ⡣
ǰӰһͣٶҲ
һպøӦʱ̳һֻ󣬲űֱӽǵӰ
ָʸǰӰ壬䳹ɥʧ˷֮
ʱҵڤˮ֦£ڱ֮תŪ·¿ɴһɫװһѩ࣬µҹɫ˺ڰ޳
ǰӰȻΪ˵ãѾ˳ӣվվòȿ˶
֮һŮӵúƺʲôΣֻ֪ȴ֪ںδĿ
ɱңѾȥˡŮӿĽëƺѾʲôû˵ʱǲܿƵ̾Ϣһ䣬ˡ
һ֮̾а˵ŮӱƺԤϵһĵе
нĲԼ˷ܼǰ֮˵ѾȫԶ
ѡ
ѾƽҸðԭˡͬǹҪ࿹һʱ˵ǲ񣬽
ʱ䣬ɢΪ⣬һŵĻ̻֮УһŹңߴȫǰüĴС
ö֮ǰõᣬҲȵǶ˹֮ϡ

ɢʵ̫죬һʱһǿҵĲʵС
ɢˣڤˮ֦Ŵ£ֻ̾һԴֻ֮ǰҲ»㡣йⲻȥȵָֻ֮ǰʵμɡ
ļ֮Уǿƴճʧ֮ҵࡣʮǰѾ쵽Լ޽չؿΪԼһʱΪͬԿ˥һĵСΪ˸ÿ䷨ҷ㼴̻ɢ
ħһ棬踺ֱĵ
ħ֮ħԣδǰˡ۹
ɫ䣬н߬ߡ
ˣô
һħ˵ʸ
Ҫȥô֪ӺδߵߣһУװŸʽ¸㣬аʦӡǰʦлǵġ
λʿҲѰѵļ˳ϰ˳ֻһ̰ʢͼԷ°ӤͯѪϰ츳֮ˣûܿƵ֮ʲôʣ־ͱסʦ
Ҳ֪
ܾ쵽˵Ĳڣħ
ҪҪȥִħ
ѵҲѶϵʱǳһ춼ҪصԼԭĵطԭ顣ΪԼøǿֻиǿŸӦ
ףɸǿ仰ûʲô޶ȡʲôŽǿôǿŽ֮иǿģ֮ļޡ
ʵǿ߲ûʲô˽⣬ʦһץѶǾŽǿߣ޽ӽڴֻ֮Ҫһһʽʵѩڤˮ֦޻ǰԶԶ۸ࣿ
Ҫչˡ

ʦͱչأҲһ棬ǹ屡飡һ߷߲ƽ˽
û£һԼҲá
ӤӤһѲƾں̧ͷĥһԲʮϵĻ֮˵ľ״̬붨һĳ֮ǰŸ˵һѵ顣ӤӤ֪ΪʲôԼûѵľӡѵɢֻһɲڼ֮ʱѾעѻΪһ֡
ĳӲ֮ˣת֮ǰļ䣬Խĵ߽ΪԼ
չسҲŽ׵ıԵͻƾŽס
Ѿ֪ԼΪʲôһʵΪʱĻݡֻʱȻܽĽת䣬Ҫ롣
ʱпӰ쵽תΣƽ⣬ڻʱϡٺĿǰΨеѹһ©̡֮
ֻ˻֮ǰļ䣬ǳı֮еһ©ֻϧܼסĲ࣬ϱûо쵽ĴڡνǰٻתҲֻһ֮ܿܿһ
ӤӤ
һѩŮӴ˽
һ㣿
ӤӤ̧ͷյһ£װšЦһ£ȻҲûס۵׷ŵĵӰȻ⼸Ҳæ
չصģѪͨһչ°빦
ϼὫ׼⼸û˭ŵġһܹĵ׼˱չ֮¡ֻһʱڣ˷ɽȡ
»ķɽŵӼǰһ
ʦֻˣ
Ƕʦ֣ȥ
ɽȵһң׷ӿڵ¥ϴɽȵϰ죬߮˳ɫռ֮У¥
Ҳлϲˣ˵强ȴ߮˹֣Ҫչˡ
Ұıչأ˴ȥϼᣬһҲóЩʶ
߮עŹ߮һ֮롣
ڴʱѾŮϰ߮αװһʱмֲӦͷ֮һ裬о߮˴ǰͼı
߮ĻҲ֤һ㡣
УŮӽԿɽɷϰڶ࣬ΪϡɽЧд˷¸ɹ棬ý档
뷨̻˺ܾãһʼĲֻΪǳİӲеĻᣬֻзɽеӲٵڲתϣϣзɽȵŮҲеĻᡣ
ɽΪټļɣ޷ⲿȡѪҺҪԼһ츳ŮӾʹ˻ķУʵȡ
ŮôܣŮǲڴĹءʲôð֮踵Ļɫ̡
ǹ£еӻŮأ߮ĵʡ
һʱȻܿת˻Ĺ涨Ҳоݿѭģе˵ŮѶȸ츳ŮӻǻĲź֤Գһɶ㿴ʿīʫţʷĽӡŮӡ
еªϰҲҪЧô֪ڷ䣬Ůȥѧ֮ѣŮӱīҪԹ֮˼ǲϴ֮ãö֮Ҳûʷϳ֮С
ŷɽȹ˵Ŀɿڴ֮ʣ˻֣µص˵Ů޷߽жεΪʾڹŮ޲ô


120 
⼸֮ⰵӿ, ձϿǷƽ˾ġ
һűǷɽʽŮӴУ⿰Ǵ˼Ĵͳһʱ۷׷סɽһֹȥ֮, ϼѾܹĵճ̡
ϼǧɽһֽüͷ, ԱߵļλӲһ仰Ҳ˵
ڳ˭֪ǧɽڳʲô, ֮ǰ͵ŴλڳаһѰھٰĵ±ð˿, ׻ڵġһڡ
˭뵽ʮ֮ǰðŽװ
ǧɽ㶢Ų֮ǸģЩҧһ
ͬڵ, ϴѰϴʣҪǱ˺ȣֻڵ᳹׶⡣
һֱðŽ׵, ô
һ, ǴѪ, ֮бȳҪѸ£ĵϸȫûʲô󱳾Ĳôࡣ
һ־½Ž׵ߵľתʱȺϼһûһɵ۵, ɵֻ֪һʮ, ǻҪμϼᣬоֱһ˹ȥ
Ҫʵ, ڳº޲ڲ֪ϼһŽϽֹˡ
Ǵʦ㣬ֻҪѴʦһ, δսȽ
ϵʯ, Цü䡣Щʯȥϼк߿̿ڶӮġ
ҲڵһСŵϢ, Ϊֻˣʵɫߣֱӻѹĳ֣Һ߮ͰǶ˳ȥ
һ鵽ֿյǩ¿ϼ׼סϼ縱ɽϣ˴Ϊɽȥмй䣬ɽϼйĦ
߮ȥɽмɰᣬϼѧǸвסӣ֪ȥҲסֻС
ҪϢһôתӤӤ
һչ֮УӤӤǿͻƵףҲ˵˱ԴпһӶͣҲ޷һ
Һ̵µĻоֲΪΪս㡣廹Ƕ˲СӰ졣ϼõı̨λһϼʯϣڰ֮УȻ絲һַ磬̨绹ǲСֻǴһ磬зȵļ
Ůд΢ͷɫľ뵡ı췺һ֮ʱȴ¶ǰ̬֮Ľʵϧ
ܴҸĿռˡ
˵Ϊ˯ˣҪǰסȴڴʱ˿߲󣬽
Ļϼ֮󣬾ƳҲʱֻǲ֪ζԴ¡
̧һֻۣаǼ˿ɿ˿ޱȣôѵÿ
΢˶ָ˿¡
֪ôͻȻ
ҲȷʵˣĲӣԼĴϣӶǰٵ۾աǡ򢡢ϤܽӴĵطϤûзŹ
̧ͷʱȵĴմȾѪڱѩ֮ҵĺ÷ꡣ
ʲôʱ޵ħȾѪĴ꣬ɴֻ⶯ѣĴȴֱĵס
ֻ˵Сʹشˣʱ֮ʱҲ֮Уֻ΢չ˺ͱԳ̬֮ϲԼţȻǽʵбԼǰᣬǱ˷Σգʱַܳǡ
ܼӰ죬ԭ֮һֲл֮꣬߱൱£˳ƶΪǵ֮ʱʹ
ֻûλԼǷԼκϽԼҲԣҲὫȡ˷ָˡ
˵˿ɼ˶ٻԼ˽ġڼ佻֮֯ʱΪԼ˽ĸоΣȴԼоϲ˾˽ĵģΰ֮ǰЧΣԭ;
˿ײ𱸣ֻˮᡣ
ĴԴĲл꣬ȴԴĸף䲻ɱⱣĺۼ
㶼֪ˣûиܿĻش
ֻҪ˷־ͺá
ϣӤӤԴ˱ֵƽһʱ֪ӦشЩʲôӤӤĵĵ
Сĳ
֮ǰǳƽĻǿ壬ҪǷڵǽת䣬Ҫ־ٵԼСǻ֮ǰͬɱ̸ͬУԼĥ顣
ĥԭ򲻽ĶãҪǿɢһƬле֮ڳƿءЩԭ඼еĲо֮е塣ǲоǻͼֽиûʷ
ӤӤ˼ʲôʱóõ֣Ŀɽ֮ʱʱ˥ʱҪǲѡο˻Ӧ磿
ʼڴͬŵĶԾɽһĵ
ܳأ
ձۣͬǲսа֮顣ûжʵ˺ǰϣأΪֹҲ֪ҾΪʲôʵûйڳļ䣬ֻΪжڣʼնŵӵı֣κζľٶûС
뵽ôҲеĵһ㣬лʼ˻Ϊܻɣƽ޹ʵؾסһȥ
뷨ܿ͵˾ǰϦǳǩơ
ڴϳǩ
Ҫܳ鵽ͺˣһԴһ㶼鷳ЦЦ
ӤӤѣǲһ̨
ϵЦʧˡ
Ϊ̣ھ֮ǰ̨˾ǵһĴڣҪ㹻ƯҲӦùڳϵӾˡ
ʦ֮ǰûðʦȥɡӤӤ飬Ѹһ
ңЩ
ĬԣڶڸмͣԵ͸֮һֱЩ֪롣
ֱӽȥţʦ㣬ȥ
Űҹ߮Ц䡣
һ£ϡͿ̨鵽һֱҲмãȻΪηҪȥǩæΧȥȻдһ֣
ؾ


121 
ؾϼһȻؾ, ȻؾĿǰõؾӸΣգȻؾûΧüֻⷨǸһò׾Сͷ, ڶഫͷ, ȷԱİȫ
ؾµĹغܼ, Ǵ͵ͬĵطһȫ߳ؾ, һͻñʤ
ƿɲԺֻܶ࣬˭Ҳû뵽ϼֱڱ֡
ӤӤ۾ʱ, ǰؾһڲָҡ
ŵѪ̵ѾʵѪζӤӤ, Ҫ̽ʲôط, ɾʱΧȻ˵, 硣
ڳλˣѰڵġϼġŵġ̨ģĸطľŽǿ߶
ɫ԰˼֣ӶǾŽǿߵѹ쳣ܣȻľ֮, ʵǰһֻ̧̧־ϡ
λм̨֮, ۲һλĵ, ʱһ

ôӤӤ
ӤӤŶͷβ, æ˻, ̽̽
ƽ, ӤӤڵķѪҲûо쵽ӤӤʲôˡ
ˡӤӤĵ״ֻץߵҵĻɿܡ
ɫһ뵽ʲôɵЦһǸ߹ǵĵˡھȻֱڱ֡
ҲԭĿġӤӤһ߳λŽ״ܵѹһ߻Ҫؾĸ˶٣£˼ǵĿӦõ˫ȴ˳»
ûкڰͨͬҲǵжԵһӤӤϣץֱۣҧһڣⳢѪϢ΢оԼľЩ
ؾ֮Уоôʶ̽ܵ谭
˵ͷ
ؾôӰ죬ҲӰ첻ŽסӤӤ۾Ǻ˫ؾ
ûֹ֪Ӧһˡιǰħ򣬶ܸߡ
ܶʱҪ׼ﻮܸ֮о˵ı˴˶ԷҪʲôҲ֪·ȥһǱȥ
µĽľˮ񽣣ֻΪ÷˸öԿħ壬վΪ֣浽һ죬˵ı䲻ʲô񽣵Ŀ񽣴һ󷨣ĹͨڲӰ˼伳ȡͬʱͨ˼ɢ
ܹ󷨱㲻ơֻףһ֣һʹʱʹãʹߣϿɵȷã˹󷨣ҪͬǺߡ
ٿأӤӤ쳣Ϣһƿ˷ֿɲ֮䣬һöô˵ķ϶֮䴩ζϡ
ǿñϮѸٿήת֮ǰΪɻҡ
磬ô
ڽؾϮǶ֮ˣܵԵĶ֮ˡ
һˮǰθֻ֣һˣһһŮλ
ӤӤϴηֱʱҶ˵ҶܸȤ壬ӲϿȻѾ˽۷Ϊ
֮ǰڱʱҲĦŵĶԾ粢ûг֣һһŮҲûУѳֽġ
ôӤӤЦЦˡ
˵⻰ʱ壬ڿУȻƵλ֮̽ͷ͵һ
λǣССô
걧ȭ¶ϡ
Ůɴͬӱȭʩ񣬵û˵һȱ֡
ȱǳĵ֮лûвݵλ
ǾšΪϸ֮ˡ塢ӫ壬ȻĿǰ֪ǺηʥӤӤҿ϶ȱ˶ͨˣҲЩܱ۵Եɡ
֮ϣֻǵ壬ȱǵ͵ġ
ӤӤӤӤôжϳĽͬǴˣҲûжӤӤ˵˵鱨
ֻǿ䣬ʮµģ˵Ǽ궼ˡӤӤûнϲһ£ѡһǳĽ͡
ԭǴˡЦЦ㣬Ҳʧ֮ʱ
Ϻȱվ󣬷ǰ֮ˣ
ʱ˫ţȻ˴֮䶼֪Էݣ˭֪Էʲô£߶ܽ˭Ҳûȳ֡
ֻվλԽӤӤסļƣҪ˺ӤӤʬ׿ľȻ
ӤӤ΢΢һ
ֻһ߸жʵҲǵǡ
룬ǹҲǵı֮ڡӤӤɫƹסվλǺڵģֻҪǰжֵĴ㣬ɡ
ҲĻֻڶǰؾܽϢؽ
ƲĿֻ˫
ȷڣӤӤӦ֪ɱԡչƽճֵǱȣһӶӤӤ˲䱻ᴩֻԸо˸ա
ٿӤӤķǺŮӰȥոǰӤӤֻһľ߻Ρ
Ⲣһ׵ģʱؽԼ뾫໥תҪ졣֮ܳǰ߹ҪӤӤֶΣʱ򣬻ԶԶǵԤϡ
ȻԷѾȶ֣㲻ٰһûʹǵתħǽڣת˲ȼǵۣڴʱȻ𣬽ħȥ
ȱֳһöĿڴߴ࣬γһȦĽ磬ڴ˽֮𷸣겻֡
÷أҪͬ߶Ծֻսپ־սܳԿ
˶һۣӤӤѸٽԼ͵Զһêңңķֻӳȼ˰ؾǿŰؾϯĳ£̲סȳһѪ
ҪҲֵ͵˽ˡ
ɱ¾֮ԹȻ١
ӤӤܿ촫ͻߣֻʱǰȻһ׵ӣӶ棬ָ˿ȱǣࡣ
õҲƿһ֣ͬϻһͬԴӦǳڡݵĲȻֻǽֶΡ֮£˵в̶ͬȵ𣬵ˣ¡
ȱ϶һѺۣ˫Ŀ⽻֯Ƭ̣ѾȻֱȡӤӤ£ȴȱõסȥ·
ӤӤҵġЦ˷ܵʱоԼĶֻӤӤʹʹһνΡ
˳֮ʱͬǱֱϵ죬򽻵¡Ӥͯţ־ĻӤͯҲҪݻٵĴڡ͸ǱĶ֡
Ҳյףҳ֣Ҳ̧̫ˡͬȱǱһ룬ӤӤЦЦ
ͬҲ˷ܡ
ܿ϶ʱת֮ǰĻռ壬ĳˣǡ
еȨƫģͱܶƽͣ˵ѹֲס˷ܣƽɱ¾֮ʱĲ뱯
۳ǧ˿ߣ֯ϡȴһӰֻת˲󣬶к£ǡ緢֮ʱ͵ر˿һǣ˿ߺͿ˿໥˴ӳ棬뾡¡
ʯ֮䣬ⶾת򣬷ķмֳ̽鷨顣
ϼ֮ϴһ󾪺
ʮӰ׾ˣ
ϼͼ˶ڣƳֵĳϼתҪȥ޸ɱһ뵽ؾ֮Ǹӻڣ˭ӡ
ȥȥˣؾˣ

Ѿˣ㿴ȥһ㶼
ڤˮ֦ڸһ辫¼֦ѩȴֻɬϢҡҡͷֻһ֣
̡
ڲõĽʹһߵʱգϣ;䲻ԭ
ʷʷ֮мعܴʱգɳ֮⣬ûʲôܽʱճ׵ߵԭܸıеĽ֣˵
޵£ڽӽְܡ
Ȼϲˣ˭Ϊ֮ɵ


122 
ո˴, ҪȥȳȥؾڣŸոųĵط, Ѿʶس
ͬĬ, Ҳ֪˲ʺ˽ֽս, ģϿʩΪĺܿŵ, иࡣ
ͬʱȷʵҪ鷳ΰϾؾ, ܲҵڶδ֪ԼѰҳڣöҲʤ
Լ, ؾڵ, ããؾ֮н־Ǳˡ
ʦǽ, ӤӤҲҵѡǽȥҲӦøȥ
֪ıԣΪҲԱ֮˵ͷ
*
Ӱ֮д
һȣǧ˿ʵָ⣻ֵͬŮֳ, ᤻, ݾ綾ʴǱĪ˿
֮ľήľ綾Ⱦ, γӤӤӿȥžһ˿߶, ӤӤ˲ʧ, 
ոʧλֻһֽ, ֽ˱ȾɫٲȻʴ
ӤӤǱڰ
Ŀǰı²ƾƵĿ̫ԶȻٻ¶ûкϣЯĿĴ뱩¶ͲԶˡ
ӤӤĨǵѪ۾ݿӦĶȷǲݶĸ֣մȾ϶Ҳǣı塣
ֻҺڵѪֽȾڵľ綾ʱ·硣ͬ罻֣ͬĺôˮƽҪûôߣĸǾ棬ΪΪǿѶ֮ԱǣΪΪ߻ħ˵каֻ˼崫УϾķԽԽ
ܸоõͬҲڶ࣬ԷűܡֻƾȥƲ⣬ĶԴϽ
ȴŵķ񣬹ֻǻĽⱻ˶ᤡ
֮ǰ˸ңǽޣѸȡʤԭҲʹط֮ˡ˷ܣɴ̧һӣһǽȻ鱻˿ɢ䣬ʱϻӤӤĹơ
ӤӤ֪лҪ˵Ҳ֣ͣһô󣬸պ÷ֽڵĶҲҪһʱ䡣
ĸ׵Ů
⼸һֱԼʶ֮ʴ仰ŲʶƮֱǺ嫵Ӱ죬ֻһ˶ѣͬ˵ϵŦĺͰˡ
飬Щʱ򲢲Ǻ¡
֮ˡ綢ǰˣõʹ㲢ͬ
ͳһǲܵģ̴ڵǸ죬ʵֻѧһڻɵƤëκε֮䣬ֻ΢˽⣬ͱһϲͨ˺õĶ࣬Ϊɴܡ
ûжо룬ܲ˿İ˽ǿ࿹⣬̲סȥ̵ʵοֲ
ǿؼգֵô

ߵӤӤǣƣǱߵͬͶȱѷ֡
ȱһ˫ãĬǵ񣻶ȱǵޣʱʱţӳʵ
˵Ĵ򶷲ûǱ˾ƻȻ˵˵Ĵ򶷽ų̶ȴ˿ǱߣҪʶ̽䵽ÿһÿһʽܳһԵıٲ֮ء
ߴˣӤӤǱߣӤӤóսֲֻʲôô
ӤӤΣ֪ӤӤ˿ܵĺôҲӤӤ㣬ǱǱ塣
ӤӤı˵ν΢һ紵ݶܲסԭ޽µĵӾɣҪϰĴۡĸ̵ûѩֹֿܹ֮ϵһԭҲҪһܽˣΪ⡣
Ϻȱ뷨һͬӣһƵϮܿԭ·ߡɾڴʱϺȱطԼܶˡ
ǽ²֪ʲôʱһ̲ˮ̲ˮɼνǵĽŹ̶ڵϡ
Ҿ˵϶ʲôסˡ֪Ӻδð˳˸˿ˮָ˶ϵĲӣ΢΢һЦҪô죿

ӤӤؿϣϰѪմۣŸҡЩˣĹȺĶͬʱ¿ȳѪ
ĶֱմȾ˾綾ԭȻѪֽ⣬ɱϾѪҲǻֽ֮ٶʼղ綾Чٶȿ졣
ǡڴʱһɫһصӿڣ־Ϊ֮һ壬תͷվߡ
ô
ס졣
쵽ӤӤʧ٣Ѿ⸽ӤӤҲûҵӤӤںδֻʱӤӤͷѰȱǱߣԶɿӤӤ
ӤӤŲסһѪĵϣҪⶾӤӤæ´˶Ⱦ
ȾңĺˡЦЦҪԺӤӤע룬ӤӤľ״̬Ժ˺ܶࡣ
ӤӤضʾлô
㿴ʦǱߴˡ²Ҳ˽ȻҪֱۣڻ߲ɣұȥ

ڡ
ڴܶűƲŮӣĿƣȻмŵĵ˻ȥ
µĻ
һӵҹϣշתԼɣǲڶӵĺټʼնûе֡
ֱһǲǸȥӵߣһŮ
ټŮضӵߡǱ㽫ĿӤӤϣӤӤһֱѩı֮£ʱʱʧȥ˹Ů١ȥĵʮ޾ŻǱ˿ڡ
ʳֲԭӵ߶ʮ֮ǰУǶʮ֮󣬾㽫ʳҲ޷ԭⲻֲˣֻҪô֮߸Ҫô˶ɵҩȻǸλĴܲԸ⿴ġ
ԭΪӤӤἤҷȴӤӤֻһЦӦ͸ǣֻԼûмŽǿߣҪͬΪ
Ҳһ׵Сߣ޷ͬλܿ⡣ӤӤȻλǰ޷ƴǡλǰ͵ԸˣҲԹġ
ϲæӦӤӤȥѩ£һ÷ʼǲ֣쳣оҲ뵽ֻһСߣʲô˻
ֱյһ֮ʱֻΡȻƿգֱȡҶ
ϼϷƱ£ڵݵ죬ΨؾϷһк


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123 
Ƶϼ߸֮, ׵ڷī֮䣬ٿһƿء
䲻Ըɱ֮ǰڵľ, ʼ
ѩ, ̧չ, סڡ
ڽ粼׵֮ʱԶԶֳӰ, һ棬һ䡣
ǳͳ
ѩὣӭУܿͷ˲µ, ڰʱͻȻ
˳ĻѩĵΨĬȻ, ȷʵ˵Ŀǰǵ顣
õ, Ե, ¿Ǳ˷ͨ·
Ѿ佣ֻأĳѰǼ֮ˣѾѡĳҪģ޷Ƕľµλ, һ, һе֮ȻĳѼĲƬƬʼղлꡣ
ٲʮ, ȵ֮Զͨʱ罫᳹𡣡
ⲻǶľ뿴ġ
̯Լ˫, ʾԼ޶, ҡҡͷľһƫ, ǲļͿ̿ġ֮ƽħ⣬˳ߣħȱʱħŮ˵ɲʧ

ؾȫȻδܺƵٵӰ죬ؾ֮бһءӤӤУһȥɵ·һɽʱ쵽˶
һϤԺи֣;
ѡ
Դں󣬱һֱͬʶ๴⻹ѵһο˵
ѵָʾɽʯȻһεĶڡ
ǽȥҺšҪ˵ץԼߣȥ
ǻԼһļģȻ֪ΪβܾѣԼһμʲô
һı类볾䣬ٱ췣ǰ
²׷Ҳ޹ƿصֻڡ
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ɽ֮вЩգһ·ǰУոոһ˿ǵǿܵԱɱĻǡڵϼˣԼԼЩ
ֻûж˵Ա飬Ҳû˵ոպܿܽϼ˸׳졣Ǳȡ˵ľŽǿ߻ӳ˵һ㲻׽ٵĵӡ
Ҳա
졣˶ϾվҪգͬôϵ
ǰٿһ⻮ӤӤ˼£˻
ͨ·ľͷһʯңſڵŵĽĤǽơ
ͨĤʯ֮ڣѽһѺкȻ֮һɫƫҹ֮зʴǵơ
˫ͣȻʶ֮˵ɵƽ⡣
ĬȻʾ֪
ոں˭˵ôӤӤתͷʡ
һӤӤľǿδ֪ӤӤѸʶ֮е飬ҲӤӤ֪ˡ
粢谭Ľ룬ҵͽˡ

ؾ٣ؾʧжϼʧأϼڴ֮ܶУ˵ӹǧħӡƽ⣬ħ߾ӱһʱĻ̻̣֪ħʱѡ
Ȼڼ̨ʧأκձ󣬾Ž״䣬߰˽׻вٵġεŽܹټ¸ڣӦԡ
ֻǲ֪ǷħΪŴˣθ롣
ӤӤǳǳЦţְ£ָ⻮䣬̲ס
УֻԼǰһ¡
ĴĹҲת˲ܴ֮ݻʯڣ촽ȴ
һ¡
ӤӤһĲ
һӤӤžԼȡ֮飬ؾʯ˫ؾΪ֮ô󶯾ȻҲ˵ĵǡο֮Ϊ˺Ͷ
ΪԡѪЩֱʧǶħȻħ˻ˣһʥسħܹעĿ
ʵڹڻңԹ˲Ͼ˭ܹܴðħԺû׷лš
ǣֽס
㣬ҪˣһҪҡ
ȥڿΣֻҪĵطˣֻҪ΢еΪ˶ⲻȥһڽʦ
ϾڵڳϣΨѩ˾ҩǻˡ
֪֮ģһ˾ݵ׽ٲɱزڣ˳ǣࣺ
ЩʵǧǰǴ罵ٱѾȥǵĻǣǼڿ֮ϼȥ֮˲ֻأܸʲôϻȥʮͻɢؼ䡣
ʶִס֣Ѿȥǲϣǡ
ӤӤӹ޸ֻܵɣ޸ʱѳǵĳЩλò̫ڳϾڼչص̸
ְҪලǵĿҵҪǵĲλԭλ⻹ѩǵصظҲӰæҹͣϢˡ
һæǰ¡
æµͻȻܻ᲻Ǻڣȥ˼߰飬ڴϣһ뵽̲סȥڵߵʱ֮ǰʼ䵭һ治ıߵʱ֮ͺܺˣ˵˻飬תȷʵϸС΢ġ
۾˸ȴշתߣԺ˯ʱҲ᲻
ӵǣʲôá֪Ӧ֮ǰԼˡ
ӰͶ䣬ϴ䣬쿿ǡ
һʱѷֻʵӤӤҪȴֻ˸աȴֻ䣬տյΪֻӰ£޺ۼ
ʶԼǣֻкǳʪԼģ¡

һߣǱԷѸˣ̾Ϣһ䡣
˵ͷ
ħ򻷾ӣӤӤȥֻк档ħ֮˼䣬Ҫħƽסһ£õѣҵĻš
˵Щ궼ƭģұħŮ鰮ֻϼȡҪ֮˲ܣĿĵóûɼߡ


124 
һѪ˻, ѩ׵ë˲䱻Ⱦʺ졣
ܣⲻܡӤӤ߬˻񣬿, Ҫ, ôŻ
뿪һԼİ, ֻǲҡҾͺãҵȶ, Ͷá
ӤӤٿЦ˳ɿ˱ץһŵĻ񣬻񾪻̵ز˰, ҪϢӤӤȴѿʱ˿˷ӿ, ҽö˳ȥ
°, лɵİҡ
һ, Ϊ˲ȥŻƭġħȴػףͲסĵطĹġ
Ϊʲôڿأ
ʦˣķӦҲӤӤһޣҪ׷ȥ, ȴס
ⲻ, ֻҪصԭλáħ𣬵ħ, ֻз˲ܴħ䡣ħ, ׼ȷ˵, ħ
ڶ, δϵִħһ£ȻζҪŻޡ
˵ţһ»Ѫ£ºܿ۳Ѫ
֤ݡҧۿģҡ
ⲢǸѩ𿴵ģǸ˿ġžַħ֮գڣܸȥҲֻˡ
ھŽ״һϦ֮ٽɣĿǰ磬ֱ¶ľŽȫޣں̨ôľӪ㻯һĭʣµİ˽ǿ߻Ҫ̨棬¶ӡ
ʱһѪôġϲ
һʱȫȻš
ʲôˣ
Ƿ˰Ƿ˾ͼֲˡ
˱ħ࣬ı졣
żļ۶ܿѹָֻ塣ѩ֪ϢԱչͻΪ㵽ڤˮ֦ûгϯλ顣ӤӤ˿֮Ѿ䲻̵óҲȳҪö࣬ڱַ
ֻ˭ҲܶйߣʲôˣһļҪǼλŽǿʱǼһһ𣬿Ǿ֮У⼸괿Ѫпܿ޳ɾŽǿߵģų켺ǾŵΪá
뿪ġӫӤӤ˰ңƽͣԵЩ䵭㡣
֪ЩֻлѹӤӤȥϵѪᣬ˿һöɽľ͵ǰֻ޹һ˿̵˿
Ҳˣûģᵽѹ񡭡ӫҡҡͷĸоĿڱڵһĿնУնǴӺζȴö֪
⼸ȥʱʱ׶ڤˮ֦ĺѹкͼ䣬屾Լµĺᣬڤˮ֦ӡҲֻʹ಻ļ䡣
֪Щʲôѡڤˮ֦ܿͻ˵ǣ
ʦδҪȥʱҲкʧĸо뿪ֻʱžڵĸо
ֺγֻ֪Ϊ֮ˡҺߵʸ񣬿ڲûС뵽ҲŻоʹѣô꣬Ҫĸߵһʸ񡣡
Ȼ߱ʸ񡣡ӤӤŪ˿ˮǿƲסվ̫ˣСûʸѡġ
ʵ˵ӤӤûв׵ģֻΪûиߵʸܴﵽ̵ˮƽ˵Ϳˡ
һҪչˣӫ󡣡
͸˿
չ֮ǰɱƳҩָлڵĵӡʵõҩɵѾûҪˡ츣ˣΪ;ٽᵽĴ֮лȥ
еʱûжֻҪ֮лȥͬҽٻֻܶأ֫ȱܱڴ֮бǴ˺ɢúá
һսԼ˽Թ˼İֹɱǰ֮Ѿپ硣
ӤӤֻϣһˣܾһһˡ
ڤˮ֦Ļ䷨ѾЧˣûʲôڶĿ־壬ӤӤЩлעԼ״ǿټּ̳ڤˮ֦ҽ²ʱʱҲȶȹط¡
ڼ£ӫһЩ飬֮ʹѽڡ
չص⼸Ȼ϶ħ繥˼ΣԴΪվ֡ħ粢ûжųбǣҲ׷ӭֻһˣֳ
ɣħߡ
ħƣһһɵǧ
ع֮ûùô
ӤӤʡ
δӫ룬˵á
⵹ʵһħʵڲ̫ʺķڷ
˵ħͼΣϢħѧϰ˼ֲ֮֯ˣ⼸֮㽫ǧħͷ档ϢӤӤȥħǱ߿ˡ
޵û֮ɺǰħǱߡ·ƳʱסһҪȿʲô⼸Ϊг㳤Ѿ˵ܽȥˡ
ڣվħǰ
ħ˽ֻССһʯţŵصħһߴ磬æסŭҪʲô
Ҫħ𡣡ӤӤƽصҵĵ¡
ħһۣӱ˴˵Ŀܵ˶ԷĲȻ;㵣ӹͷħЦ
Цˣħôĵ£㲻ǵʲôʧķɣ
ħ˾ҪӭȢ·ˣûϴŵĺ˿ôħ˽մصʹǴģ˵ָܸ飬Ͼħ֮ǰ˼䣬ٲŪЩ˼Źء
˵ţǸħѹԼϵĺ˿ӤӤǰ˻Ρ
ӭȢ·ˡ
ӤӤֻûľǱ׺ݺһ£ӿȫ԰֮
⼸£ʵѾѪˣĿڣǿԼ侲ԼҺ塣
쵽ԼðӦôͽ˵ףֺ뵽ֱ֮ȻȢˡǴӦҪô
ˣ޵ȷʵͬħ˼ʱоɽǰΪͶħˡ
ΣѾڻֻҪû׿ڶ˵ҪͲ
뷨ˣҲֱƭԼ
˵ţӤӤԶλħչʾĻ֮һֻͷħǰһһЦټħǰ֮ɫλħһӾͱӤӤݵĿ⡣
⡭ô
ôܣϹô⻹˿ء
ħ˺һӤӤһԾš
ⶫе˼һħŻż䰮֣Ƿµ˵ͷѾ˷֮⣬Աߵͬ飬˵˷Žȥħ˻ͬôħ˴飬Ҫǽ˷Žȥֻ»ᴥŭħˡ
һħѾױżסˣʲôħʣҾͰͽȥ˾͵͸ħ˵ĺǣ˵ܺȼϲء
һá
һħŮƿӤӤħǶʲô
ȻħŮһݵλħЦħŮǰȥ
ħ˴飬Ҫħˣʲô׵֮¡ʵͲţͶУұһ˵˼գʲô
ӤӤæԼ֡
ϣѹˡħŮ¶Ȼ֮ɫӤӤ̬Ⱥͻ˲٣ϳһܣħѣڹħֻ֮ϧħǹʯó֮Ļʵѧʲôˣ
Ǽĸˡ
һϵħŮ̬ԽУԭˣǸˡҽǣħħ˵Ĵº˲٣̶Ȳ˽硣ȴħ򣬹ۼ֪ˡ
̸ӤӤ֪ħŮ٤ޣߵḶ̌ÿʲôҪ˽˵ȫȻ὿ޣҲǧǰǳֽٵܺߣǸʱħ֮󣬵һ첿Ͷϵľá
һһħ̸ţӤӤĿ£ܿ͵⡣
֪ħҪȢĸиĹ
ӤӤɫʡ
λħ˾ħ˽ľʶҲ˳ħŮ٤룬Ҳʶλ·ˣλ·ȻɫС˺ܳ谮޵ҹ뿪
ƽŮɫҲϲλˣžΪ󡣿ʼʱǣħ֮ΨһģôˣŮȢҲȢõġ
ӤӤǿͷʹ򽻵ģʶŮӣȥ٤ȴһֱҡͷ
ϴħʱȥһΣֻʱδʱԣټϱħħţֻǵħʱػɭɭףʱѩǣǣħ粢ûʲôӡ󡣿ȴǸָħ·סγ൱ģĳǳء
ССħǽԾܵػΣֻеĻβ׻ͷǻ೤һֱۻһֻ۾忴ȥ˳۶ˡǼ٤ޣ׷׹ʩһ·ɷȻ
ȻӤӤȢһ£Ҳɵ̾ιɣô̵ʱħӿຣһƬȻһ
٤޴һͷ󣬺ܿ㵽ħ⡣
ħŵƽʣ˵ħһʻƷ룬Ǿʢװ磬ǴĿĺʹӤӤ۾
ҡһ£ǿԼ£ܸоλϼĹ
ֻλﲢ


125 
ǧ˿ָ, ٤޸ûӦʱ㽫ħ֮⣬첽˽ȥֻǻһѵһ, ۵ɫסŮǵ, ֱӴħڡ
δÿ֮, ƾ˿ܻΪգ˭Ҳ, ο˲ӰﶯܵѹոѾܲˡ
ʱ, һϤϢȻǰݵ˿΢һڵȴӵ
ڴӵûе, ֿĲ,
ȥɡ
ûл̿, Цˡ겻ԭ庮ݱħ֮¶һ˿ĵħƣǻ·߹ħѪͳ, ħˡ
ϵͣһ, ûа˵ȥһ, °͡
˶ӡ
˫Į²͸˼, ѾӸλ, ˼ϼѡӤӤ, û˵Ѫ˿ȴ˳Ĵ
ȵѪʹĴǣ֣ȾǼӡߴķͼҲֱ˰죬ȾѪļҪȥɻǲܵˡ
ӤӤٿ֮˵һչ⡣
쵽ֻһֻҪͺãԸܸĴۡ˿Լ˵Ļ᲻ἤŭֻЦţ
һΪβû
ָһ£˿ֻܽ֯Ǵʱ˿߲Ƿ뵶У˿ûп˿ǽ˰ΧУֻҪ˭һ£˿ͻԥմ
ӤӤоԼմȾ˷ֻڱԼҪ
㼸겻飬·ˣֻʣ·˭
óսʱֱ˿ӲʮʵӤӤԼűԼ˿гƬķвܽԼ֮ĵƾеĸ¡
ʶģ硣
ϲ
ϲ
ҵ۾˵һ飿
Ǹ
֪
˿һ˲ջأӤӤǰȥȫǼûһʱĳɣסƾӤӤѪմ
ȻӣԽȷʵҲءٶͬӤӤȡ
٤޴ҴҸ˽Ҫ˴֮£ȴս㿴ħ˽ǴŮӣɵһĬĬ˳ȥȴ
ȥλչǰʽͣ
٤ޱʾ۾޼
Ȼħ˺λˡƣҲûħֱӵ§һŮӡħ˺͡ˡദģʽǼΪģħ֮ǰĴûС֮ǰΪֻħ˽ǹѵħǰУھǶˣħ˲ˡֻǰŮӡ
ħﰮķ˽緱Ƚڹѵ֮µֱӵö࣬٤Ϊ˷ֹԼӦÿıڣ˳ȥǰſڵħǲɢ
ͳɺˣ
ûлش𣬶ǴӻͳһϸϸǵѪøɾӵ뻳Уס
Ǹ
ͬĻ˵ΣһΪڣڶΪ˹ȥ
ƭ
δ
Ҿ֪ԼĴ㡣ӤӤϸϤķ㣬̧֣ιıǼ⣬쵽ʪͷ۵׷·ʲô͸ĶѿϢӡ
ȥڲ̣ⲻǾñطóֵģֻһɲ˳
ΪʲôΪʲôҪͳϵΪʲôͬ飿
Щ֮ͻȥʦڤˮǰ
䷴ӤӤֻ̾Ϣһ
ʵҽΣӦðǾǲ֪õġ
һҪߡ
ߵĻͻزȥˡ塭
ǰħ֮ʱҲҪҪӤӤߡѩӤӤһߵģ뵽ħ֮ӣǧյħȻͻħĴԹħ֮ΣķӤӤڰȫ
Ϊ뵽ʱת֮ǰħ֮ӤӤ飬ԴΪӤӤԶȴӤӤԼţ֮¡
סӤӤָȥˮ֪Ϊҵġ
仰Ἣˣ·˴ӹﶼ͸ˮϢ᲻ôӤӤƿĿ⡣ħ峣ԴΪԺ򽻵ҲǺȺħСδ·һǣǣĹߣܲ
㡭Ҳ֪ҲͬΪ㵣ġӤӤԽ޹ǵؿУĲָħƣ֮ϰҵĸףҡ
ǸӤӤ
ӤӤ컹ûкϣٿظоһʹڴʹľҳ̶ֱ治ĸλصͷȥֻԼǰһذ׼棬̧ͷ˼ض
û±ѪһҲʼտȻһʹϯӤӤĵ˵ϣûгַһ£ֻǾӸµض
ȾѪԽޣÿһһѪӡֱߵԡ
ʿĵ潫
ʹӤӤʧȥʶǿԼѣ૵Ϊʲô
ΪʲôͻȻողѾӵôĴ۵׿ˮ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôΪáһӰת˳Ӧеġ
Ѿ̶ˣöҡȾѪذף俴硣
ħһὫô췽ҹ̷ѡͷ˲״ħ˲ĺ֮İŮ˶µȥ֣
Ȼ㲻Ǿˡһչת˲Ƶ󣬽ذ׺ڳϣʮָҪ߶ȴָʲôסˡ
ǰӰһתոձȥӤӤö˶˵վǰӤӤΪǿ߿ס˳
Ӧû߹Ծǿ֮˵ӦԴʩɡӤӤƽʡ
ڱƴ򲻹ƴĻ͸Ķ֡׳ҲΪҪĿĴͳߣ뾭ѵû٣ûߵȣĲݱȻμ穡
˿֮Ͽƣһƿܣˣⲻ֪˷ΣҲױ죬ϻңҪҪȶߵľΪ
ȻֻǶϾûơ
ս֮ˣΪƫߣЩ˿ֻ֪δһͬʱ̷ӿħڣɢȥ󣬳Ӱ
ץסӤӤ֣˵ЩʲôͱӤӤ͵˦
ոʱ򣬾Ȼ䵭ͱһǲй˽𣿡


126 
ӤӤ˵ת, Ȼߵſʱ˽ŲȻ׷Ȧ˻С
ʱ, ָһ, ˿, 
ڵϣһ̲ĺ, Ľ߷·ʱ߷ɡ
źͱ˵ļǰҽոȻ, ҶȻǲҪˡӤӤɫӣҧҧ´ǿԼþ, ûñùĶϲá
, ˿ָһȦ, ֵֻλת˸λá
ӤӤ
ҲᷢʲôӤӤһ޷Ŀȥ·˼»ĸϵɻôɻ飬֮е֮ʵôֻǺ, ˼
Ȼᡣ
ΪҪ
ӤӤǸ˳, ز׷ʡֱӤӤ۾̧һ۽ޡ
Ȼ, ЩûҪˡ㲻Ը⣬һƻ
˿ս, ˵Ƥ֮, Ȼ˿, ɵȴ񣬽˵ָƣѪһ˳˿
㲻˵ô
ӤӤ֣ʶǿʶƺû׾ٱʶ֮С
ʶ֮У
סʶ壬һͬˣããʶ֮ĸоһЩҪŲ
ıǼıǼϣǿȵƣģǱȣǹƻ
Ҫһ𰸡ԼѡӦó̬ȣж
ǿӲ֮У־ԼĴ˵㣬ԭĲ䶼һɢǴƸ棬˵ǡ
ҵʶ֮У㵱治֪
δԼʶκأԼȫļޱչӤӤǰкܶԼöӤӤ˵ڵģԼԸļ䡣
ͱ磬ħ֮ôƽħһģ̫򵥵ֶΡ˳߲оŵ˼˵ĺҲΪԸ䣬ҲԸα
ӤӤʶһʶ֮е·һֻ֣ʶ֮еĲƽİ֮УԼӤӤ
һΪҪһأħˡӤӤҧһ¡ˡ֡
쵽ӤӤָֻĿɨӤӤǴͣ£һȥĳ嶯ӤӤĴȴ΢΢Щͣ
ҵʶôӤӤ׽Ŀ⣬쵽Щ˼ȴְ˾䡰ô
ȻСҵʶɲܽġӤӤָոձճѪۻڣ˿ѾˣǷѪЧ
ԭ֮ǰѪʵصħΪСˣҲԭûħԵʡû˿ۼ
ɵոʶ֮УþȫȥӵŪסʶ֮вõºۼҲᱳʹʶԽ
ʶ֮ʱǱ˴˵ľвСʵһȫ¡
ֻǴʱӤӤûĶ˫Ȼһϳ˫֮߾֮һ齻

ħһ¾ʹ˸ȥ٤޵ĴħԴղտڲᣬֱĳһգš
ʱӤӤ棬Ȼѡ
Өˮָ⣬ǰһͣ˴Ĵħ岿³飬û̧ͷһҧȴֻҧһſӤӤسգգ۾潫ɫѶԼС
һкŲתͷɫһ
Դϴν֮ͷչǱʵǿ˲٣ʵúܿ죬ûŽҲˡ
ľŽ׺һߵľŽײһжȴûˣǾнľˮߡȻ˵ԶƲĹֻ֣Ƕӹźһ˵ڱž츳֮˲
Ǿ֮еһԱѾսϡ˼䲻ʮشŽףľŽħ֤Ϊ䣬ֻǧ֮ǰٶȵԱ⡣
ҪҪȥ
ֻһӤӤȻ־ĻΪλҪʳ⣬ĬƬ̣չȡ
иϰߣҪƪ渵ʱͨʶչõһӣӤӤע⵽һѣǼǰаǱȡ
Ҫ˵Ǻɣûʲô׷ҲᱻϿɣɱ¾֤߶еľҪɻ飬ֻΪ˷ֱ֤ǸԵĵұ˱ľģҲˡ
֤Ƿ֤֮ɱ¾֮չֻܻһˣ֪ͨҲӰ졣֪֮㡣ͬʦụ㺣Ǻ顣֮Ҳгɻ֮󶼻еֻ̣һʽ
ΪʲôҪˣһҵΪɱ¾֮һɱ¾׵֤ΪԽߣҵԽ󡣿Ҹĸδе²޹⣬ź˲֪ħŮ֮˭ҽɱ¾˾Ҿڳ֮Уƫƫ޷Ϊӡ
ӤӤ֪˵ʲôȻվǵĶ棬ͬǵ·ȫغϡҪ罻ֻһ̽ʵ̽ʸսϲԡ
οڳļƻ֮УҲǱɵġֻǲ֪һǷ֪
ֻǴԻῼǴ£ȥˡڳ˭֪һ俼˵ܿǸǧ꣬ӤӤߣסš
ôãôӤӤıϣĵʡ
֣Ҳġ
֪ʲô˱ʣӤӤģ˼¡
֪㡣ҲԹ㣬Թʲô˵ҵһСӡӤӤš
ǿʼʱȷʵһСӣǵ꽥ĲҲ΢΢һʮ˺ͰվһС˺ͺӵ𣬵һһվһ˲ǲͬˡ
ǵ¶ֻҪһαչؾܻӤӤҲò׼ԼһαչʲôʱֻһαչؾͲͼײоҪԼױʱᣬ֮
㣬յô뵽һ㣬ӤӤ˳
ЦЦյӣǴħѡѾѸ£ĸŵӿϺħͷһУ
ӤӤֵఴӦ֮ʱ˫ѾͻСָüѣȴƲԼ겻Ůɫ֮Ӧ޴󰭣ֻǱӤӤֻ˾м΢󣬷Ӧν
һʱԼСϸһޣݶԼֱ񡣿ɴ˾ٷ·ӤӤ»ӤӤһϸܵë˳ŸëغʶԼŪɳ׾ˡ
˱ãҪӤӤִԼȴٿӤӤһЦ
˵ϵһô˵ùҪһԸеСӿɲ¡
ӤӤ룬յߣ״вǲɣпСħͷ֪Ըһԣ


127 
ɲС
, ȻǹϾܾģ֪ӤӤ
תͷסӤӤ֣˵Щʲô, ȴֻӤӤЦˡ
ʵҲ, Ͼǵ궼, еʱ䡣
ֻʱмصһת۵㣬תǹ֮, ڼʮվڱҪ˼Ӷǵһ֮˼ˡǿջضӶᣬ׶˼ǻԵĴ
ټϷ, Ӧ֮¡
˫ĿǰУܹ˳ܾʵտʼҪݻԸ, Է, ȴΪ֮޷ɱҩ޵Ҫ, ɱɱһΪһ֣޿Яɱ
Ҽǵ߽޵·ӣֽ仨, ֻǡ
ӤӤ, ̾һ
ֻ䱾ĥɾӶ࣬㲻⡣
һ֪Ľ, Ŀ࣬㻯һ, Ȼɢȥ

ΪħӤӤܹ, ħЩ, ҲħĴˡ
ħҪ壬ߵѩߵղԼħķ𲿡
ѩħѩŮħΪȫóѩ֮ղŮӣ෱࣬Ϯûһ㿪սղɳСΪǰ档
ȥղʱ򣬿ǧҪǵɫȥڶħʱЦţħ֮ӽ˶ħ۵ħʵֻǷħ࣬Ϊ͵Ҳ࣬ΪȻûģΪ뻯òвŪɳ׾λι״
ӤӤŪŸպһ̣ʵͨգʱҲֻЧѩ̵꣬ûλΪ׺Լ·ʱˣŪӣӤӤºһ֡
˼ʵɰȤӤӤоʻһ̶ˮȤ
˼Ƭ̣˵ЩĪҪҹȥǢ̸
˽˵֮ﻨһԵ٤̲סЦ
ֳ̧٤޶ȥһõİᣬԸȥ٤Ȼ⣬ԭȥħ˻ǰȥģմǹǰȥ͵͵һ
ѩãȥղ˭Ҫö׼ħ𣬵Ҳ֮ݣ߲ͻ
ԭֻҹȥ㵱۾
ĽܣӤӤ˷Ρ
ղ֮óϮǵμܲɷ֣ƽ˷𲿣ΪԭǷĲ壬·ǧڷ𲿴еЧ黳ѩղһֱͬ˶мͬ˵뷨ȴʼվõħᣬ˽ӵѾãֻħΪĺս֮ġ
ȷʵսӤӤһ죬Һսʲôʱˣ
ħ֮Ĳ졣
ӤӤֻóǣղ
ʱԤƶ¸£¸ղشƻڣղ𳤾ٰ磬ħ˺ѩǰ˴¡
ֻӤӤоĿƺֻǳղ䣬ƺʲôЩ޷ʶг裬ʱ齻֮һ֪̽
Ȼ˷齻֮ʱӤӤԸоʶ֮ĳЩųƫƫֲӲֻ
ӤӤƫһְ۲ӵӣֻΪѰҳʷ֮˿ʱΪûɲԼȻеǰ취ѡһʱ굽ʶ̽һ
ٿؼĻ֮ʯ֮ı
ơ
Ȼַĳʱ˺еȷǧ
ҹӤӤûں˯£ڵı裬Ϊص¸ȥ˽ģպó
ϤԡͰ㵹˰Ͱˮ
鸡ˮ棬ƻ֮¾Өͣ޺һ̽ȴ̹Ǳ
·ҧҧֱ˽ȥ
ˮ͸ΪԼЩʱֳֻڱͰĥ
Լʱֽ࣬˱裬صԼʱֻľ߶²𣬽Լˮ֮С
һཻʧȥ֪һʱʶЩԡͰɥʧʶ
¾㱸ֻ͡
ǿѣžģһƬþƬƱƽħī¾ڡ
ʱ׷ԼÿÿʱǱػġ
ϤĽŲӤӤڴϣؿ˼
ǰӤӤĶͷյụ̀ϵûڴò׸ܵԴʶϿȥ
ϸָϣöˡ
٤ޣ٤ȥһҩ
ͬʱӤӤڻУĿϵˮգˮбקĺۼ
ոӤӤԡô
ԡʱⳡ纮ӤӤΪħһѣħų̶ȱ߸ߺܶ࣬纮ȻŻ롣ټֹľɼ
²ɼһɲġӤӤĴ΢΢ϣظѵ΢ˡ˹ȥ֮ǰһ
ͬӤӤӵһɲǣֻ־һ㱣ʱ⾰ɫѸٴӰʵ壺ֻǰ̲꣬ͣᣬһéںߡ
ٵĿﴫγѸȥֻӤӤݵĴţħʱƱ޶¡
ʶ˴ӤӤʶ
ǸոӤӤ־¾ҽҲδ֪Ҫҳ˳ȥɴӾΪӤӤʶгȥ̸ף
һöС䵽ǰոǹɻٶϯֻǲûжãܿСָʧʶ֮жһμ䡣
ããһ֮һöѡ
һƽϨʱеһֻɫԵķ
ĵĳʼ
ΪλӤӤļУ
ٻعӤӤ٤޵ĽŲ
٤һҩħˡ
ҩ°ɡ
٤ŵ¡
ħվ˽ӣһϡݺѳɻĲҩǿҩޱȰԵƤħӰ죬ӤӤ˵кȡҩ룬ָѪкҩԡ
˽֮ϡݼԱں̨¢ϣֻ߼мںСš¢ֶҲ򵥣ȦؾȦأȦסͻٵֶαռ¾ųɾŵϡݡ©ֲ֮ɽֶ֣ھ֮ϣڶػҪժܡ
ӤӤס־ŲȻٲˣħʵޣǸ⡣
һʱٶǿ˲һ˼пܣ˵ʲǫ̂Ҫħ置չɽݶİͼ


128 
ӤӤԼʶʱ, Ҳڶļжȡʱʱ򣬶ȡ쳣˳
ղصĳִؾʱΪȥղĿġ
ִؾϹؾ, ϼµؾΪԶ, ղħʷҪƳ, ˵ħǴӳִؾе˵ִؾ֮һӡ֮أܹ׷Դ, ҵıԴ
̾ҰģͬԴ˲ǿҵĺ档֪ԼΪʲô磬Ԥеɺϡ
ڳϵʱյת, Ļ֮ǰһľʱ, ֮һĻǴ֧ԭ塣ݵ֮ҲǸĻǨ, һ֤ԭˡ
Ϊʶȡ¶ĴҲС, ղȥȥ˿ȻļʼҲûһҹӱֲ, Ҳܺ, ֻҹտͻȻһϲ
ӤӤַ˵գЪ, ҹӤӤ˯ȣܾ쵽Ӱζ, , Ѿû, űȣӦøûá
쵽ж˾޵֮⡣
ҳɻ飬ҾлɱվҲûжٽ档ȣҪǲԸչг˵ĸһ
ĸС
ħͳˣ¾Ӣѹ˹صʵдա̯̯֣ʵҳɻô˵ħҲħУȻҲûļֵħҪУպȫħȫڲŮ֮¡ǲѡô
ҶѾħһô
ֻġ
ԭҲģɻ֮ɱ磬һ㼴ϣɥżؽҪ󣬲֤֮صĻֻֽΪ֤պħ磬֪
ֻǼȻ¶ӤӤ֣Ҳ㲻ˡ
ȥ߳ٴӤӤڵ˼Ҫʲôν
ǣҪأ
ɲǼ䣬ȣȲհŷǻǧˮ͸˿ߣط֮е˿ȴû˿ֻ࣬ƤһֱӶ˽ȥ޺ۼ
ô޺ۼֻڲ΢仯·Լʶʲôקǣܿʶ˿õǻǡ
Һ׼
Ȼ֪ʱת֮ǰľϸڣԼ캦¾顣ǰƣִƴλӲĳȴҲɱΪ֮ҲԼӤӤǶӵԼǲԼ
Ȼʤȯգǳıѡƻɻ飬ڱȶ֮а˵ĿܡóʩӵֱӶǡ
ʹɫ壬׼ᣬȴһǿڱǱסĻ߸ѡܵҪصԼ壬ͷһĳȥ
ȼŲħĴѵžѪսϢħȴ֪ӺδĽ˿硣
Ҳζţڳĵˣû֪﷢ʲô
ӤӤڴȣУ۵׷𱡱ˮɫϧ
˿ǸոհзŻǣֽ׼Ϻꡣ
ַɵð˼ӤӤǲǰҲɹ£ӤӤֱʺİɱԽ
һʶӤӤΪ˾ɾڵĵطҪƽܣԴֱٻâһӲĻ˽ȥ
ϾѣǲݻǡҲĿұ֮С
ӻ֣սѪϢɢӤӤǡôؿļͷ
ˡ
ӤӤץͷ¶ȹ̣Цţ˫մŲѪɫ࣬˵úܡ
Ŀڻǲ̫ܵúܡǰһô
ħ̫ŨͷһǵӤӤڱħĥʱ򣬾ħδҹҲ̴ǳȥסɡ

˵ֱӰ뻳дħ磬ŵħ˯˿δǵħ˰ҹЯǱӳǣдʱ֮󲻵óǵĹءħ֮м˽ǳأʵЩԭħأֻħ类ӡǧ𽥱Ϊսҵͨ˷֣ݻ˽
һԺ䣬Ժ⿴񸻹˼ң沢ˣֻһլӡլԺֲ֮÷֦Ȼй⡣һ÷һǧǧ壬죬Ȥ
˴լӣԭҪլӰӤӤģκλεسħ̫ۣʱֻħ֮УߡպĻǣ޺֮ǡ
׼ݲؽ֮ôӤӤƳǧһʱģŴǧ£ͷʾơ
ȻܣӦúúЪšΡ
˵ӤӤǧԽԽߣ죬ߵʱӤӤٿɿǧֱӴӿ׹£һ̤ϣʡĵȽ˻С
׹ĳӤӤͷһ˼ѪֻؿڵһۣĿȴȸոոΪȸԾ˷ܡ
ҹʶΪ˷ܣ˷ǹ˲ʹɵήңڱЪϢʱż֣κֱ÷ѪжֻؿڴϣǺñӡ
˯
˯
вҪ㲻˯Ͱͻȥ
ͻȥ˵ᲡøأӴһ𣬼һغʱʱ˸ҶֽǮ
仰˵ո˵ַͷ˺һȵһҪ徵ӡ
㣡
һʱ䱻ӤӤ˵вΪЧȴֱӱӤӤץסвĻ
ոնʱգٿӤӤڵӣֲֻ̿ԼΪܲش磬Բұ֤ܰ
ȼǰΨӤӤСѻ֮ʱԼħʶ󣬽ӤӤһΪԭûû֣ħʩչһҲⱻħһοӤӤǸӣ
˯ɣ㡣ӤӤ֣
һû¡

¡
ħôֲڣ·Ǳ֮û˽һ켸·ػɴҲףħڲ߲ݵ״̬˱СϢñļӲħʮʱŵֻ⼸ӤӤʰ֮ǰ˯ϰߡ
Һڴ֮д˲ٶб£ԭǴӤӤģκӤӤִԼȥ
³ӤӤӤӤñԹȥϸ۾ȴԽվ»һ۲գض
ܿĿ⣬»£굽ӤӤϰԵشյù̵ļͷ
ҪһֱţһֱҰɡϸһתͷӤӤӡ
ûüشӤӤ㴹ӣѻĽëɨ䣬˼żСʣ
̫˽ˣ̲סô죬㡣


129 
, ӤӤ˽
ָӤӤģûʸ˾಻ʲôˣ⼸֮ûӤӤ, ǳʲôԭ, ˵Ĺϵ, ׻ӤӤȡ
ӤӤʱԼӲŵĵɫƫڴĴܿƵҪӤӤ, ֪ӤӤ첻ףҲӤӤվǰǹķա
һֱ֮λ˵, Ǳضࡣ
㡣ӤӤȵĺĲӤӤֱ§˼, ·Ҫȷǰ˲ŸҼ˵ȥ, 㲻ʱ, Ҳʱ򾭳μ㣬μǰһҡ
ͷǡÿӤӤ˫۾ӤӤȻģβ˵Ĺζ, һۿȥȴֻ, Ⱦűˮɫ·ʱԸ⽫
֪ΪҵġӤӤ, ڶ˵ķĪ˼ֹ뷿˽Ȥ㷢Ϊʵϵ˹
ӤӤ˿֪Ӻʱ, ǿϵԼĳ
̫ûй, ղײ, ³˫
ҹˮɫֻӤӤ֧ûñ˯˹ȥ
ָʪ󣬾עӤӤ˯ա
ò˵ӤӤȼǰ˺ܶ࣬ǰ˹·˫ҲܰӤӤŪӵ̧ͷȴ֣಻֪ǲǺͷ
ֻҺҪ֣Ҫ˵λõӤӤ˵δܳŵס
˿ϻ䵽齣ڵϣʵֵ˿ΪӤӤݿʱ˿ߣһڵߣǶ˱ɥʧ˲ϻĿܣһ㲻ʾˡ
ߣ߽ӴӤӤļ˽ȥûڱ˿ۼʧƬ̣Ÿϱ˻ȥ

ųյĽħڲԽӣټ߽֮мСγʹֲӤӤæ࣬һ֣㶨ֵļС壬٤ڶʱ򣬶ӤӤΪ塣
ôģȤ
ֶѹħʱЩСȻϹ˳ĵ׿ɲħĹĶǲ٣ħƸӣк֮ܶѹĳЩСʱܾط޿֡ǡײ˳ʹղĽڹϣΪղĻ˺̸ˣ⼸СҸ˲С⡣
Ȼļطϧûֳչ˿ǼʵʵһҪ˭ҲӾͼţд˵ķ緶٤޲ɵø̾ǵ̹Ůɵ趼ܺ͵̱ƴһ
ǳЦ
˵ֽܶЩжĵħרĿżˣӤӤû׻һʡ̡
ɱ¾Ͳϲɱ¾ͻӤӤǺߣܿɱ¾⣬Ȼѡ˵
ӤӤԼѡʵܶԾʱûʲôԼѡĻᣬӤӤеģһܺá
ʱоӤӤֱ񣬺޵̫նȱ
ֲӤӤ飬Լ߲ӤӤһǻ˽ģ
ħ˵вǿƣǷݡ
飬ɫȮݾˮ£ݣԴ֤
񣬼顣
ʱһֻ˽һŶϡ
ϲϤ֣İּ
ʦӤӤ׽˹ԹˡԸ
û
˼Ƭ̣ܳƺӤӤΪӤӤ綼࣬޷ҲǼλϱҽãҽдϰ߶Լӡ£һʦﻹ
ּӫǺӵġѵʶ֮𣬡ᡵϢʲôҪ¡
ѽһΪ֮ĻҲں˽ȥħ缸½ָһʵ󲿷ʱ򶼰ڳ˯˵žתȴħڶοѾͷˡ
ȰҪҪȥħ絽ѾܾˡѴԻԼˣôȴٴһУְδ˲ơ¼ħ磬ֻ»ᱻЦ
Ȼʶӫ󣿡
ӫǺӾǳ̽ٵģʱֻһֲк档ЦЦЦȴԵڱ 
ٿһ£ǹˣǰʱλϵܺá
ûת֮ǰļ䣬ЩҪôǴѩ٤޺ѵȴģҪôǴħʷ֮зĶħ󲿷ħħٴΣһħ
ôΪȥľѾˣЧҵֻǴתŵֻûйȥδ
в֪ҪãѲԸ뿪ħ磬Լħ£Լͣ˻ûƹӰڽţһЦ
ȻǾӮˣǼСһˣʯóТ
űһʯոյĻЦʯվмֳˡ
ʦ㶼ӮʮˣͲõӺʦֶӮӮô
ڤˮ֦ʯԸķ䣬ɲˡ

ʱǰһѾԤе棬첽˽ȥԱ߷ֱӤӤӫڤˮ֦һԵСѩ޻壬޻վŸŮһعͷָ޻һԸѩᡰ׹ǡ
ȫˡ
ĵһӦ
ֲΪڳλδԴ飬ӤӤԱ߰˸£ȴһӤӤʹչв˲䣬˿û˵вӡ
ӫдġѩɻתᡰ׹ǣȻ˵ˣ鼧˵ɡ
ڳλϢϢأҾлֱˡᡰ׹һԭʣһͷӵѪ⸲ǣ볣죬ǰʱңҳȱһöҩǻġ
ڳ˵ĿȫȻͶһң
Ĳ⣬ͱ˫٣֦ͬʱڱ˴˼Ⱦ˶ԷעҪõģעҪɱնһ˿ϵ֮ܶȡġ
ڤˮ֦˵νλˣ̶ƹ¡ǧ򻯣αװٲɱܣʤ
ѩ˵ȥܱܿķһǽ⻨ǧ黨еһ䣬Ϣڶڳĵ
ڳĵĿǰ޻Ϭɽᡰ׹ǵɳԨħ硣
Щִ٣Χ˵ɫ¹ش󣬿ȴ֪ΣںδȻһڴܻڴˣͬȥ
ѩ˵֮伫Ϊеƣָӡϵ̵·ͷ֪οڡ
ӫ״ƴȡ˳˵˼仰֪˵ʲô
롭һԡӤӤ
ǵʱת۾ĵһ뷨ǱҪסշ࣬ϣӦ취ȥ
贺ݡڡ
ϻһڿռȡˡţȥ紺޺֮ۡ䣬ԭĳֻᣬٽռУвǴһǨƮ޶ʱǴ˴ʱпֱӵһֻб֮˲Żѡס
ǡóҲķǳ㽫ݽӤӤҲҲҵֻͨ
ֻƺ˶ڴʱİΣ
ӤӤԻȥð콨贺ݵĲΪдǱ𣬴ݲϾų϶Դħ磬ڻħ·϶У˽赲߿յ磬˳ƽӤӤ£˻С
·ӤӤʳ⡣
ڳλΨ׽ûзԣŵ
һļʱʱ֡һ˳֣һ֮֡ͷͣǵǺ·ĵӣϸʶ˵ȫöࡣ
ӤӤ˵ͷ
֮ľïȥŨ¿ɰһӱ̲ᴩޱ⣬ֱʵظӤӤſһʶͨӣ䲻ͬӶв֣ͬʲôֲö֪
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һ¼⣬ͯģ磬ǰͣ£
ħˡӤˣҪλλǰȥһ𡣡


130 
¼, ʹ
ǲòȥģӤӤͯһ·ǰУƲ, ٿǰȻ, вִ, ڼˮ, ʯᾣ˵Էɾɡ
һϼСͤ, ɫĲһʱ丣̧ԼͯŶλﻺ, һλħŨ, ȴ˾ò, ħǶǺĴʥ֮һλԶ֪ȴǲȱģ
ϧˡ
ջĿ⣬ܶƵǳЦҽܣǴ, ֪, ֻһλͨĶƷ١
Ȼǰ֪ǵݡ
ɫӤӤ, 
ͬĹϵʼһͷ, ħ֮λ, Ǻ۾ƽƽĴڡҸ, и·ҲҪ
֪λıʲô裬һλǰֻʶλһ⣬ΪΪа
˵ţ˫ֽڳϴơ
òƫ䣬ƣŮ࣬ǶׯϡǰĲ豭һڣԴ˴н䱸
֮֮Ϊ֮һ壬Ϊһ棬Ϊ֮
ڴһڣŷſסӤӤ֡
һжڴ֮䣬Цһöڲ谸ϵ仨
Ӥɼǵһ
ͻȻ㵽ԼӤӤһ˰βŵ˵ͷ
ļԶʲôʲôᱻԶʱǡ
֮޴˴ؽ̯СָһöӡʱΪܽ뷲䣬Ϊʶ価ӡܾ衣תѾ֮಻ɱ⣬Ҷ˵˸Ҫǿҡ
ұ뱨
üŮٿһЦڴˮǧů֮ɫ
ڻ֮г˵ɱӶ࣬Ӥ￴Σ
ӤӤ⵽ɫħתٶȱȸոҪϺܶ࣬ϽץסӣָĹв䣬Ħ˺һŰ⽣ŵϢƽϢȥ
ӼȻ֪ҵǰǱӦ֪ҵǰѾͬ˲֮𡣡
װ£ƣǵģ֪
վΪһ֮˽Բסλ
һһ壬ɳԨбԭ췣ˡ
ӤӤͱ˵ӣȴʵ̲ס޶ԡֻԴָֻǳ˵ʵ
Ӥʵ£һ֮˽ƽ֮˵֮ƽԴԶĳһʱ룬֮֡
֮ԻΪ֮ʣʵȫΪ룬ȶˣ˼ǧǰͻ᳹ױ֮ǿꡣ
һգһꡣ
ǧ꣬ˡ
˼ٹ꣬᳹ͬ˼˺ƸҡʱһվӤߣȨ
˵ţһ򣬵ݸӤӤ
˴֮ǶλõҵȥܷԸ

˲֮綯ֳϦԼѰһ·
ֻǲ֪վ˭
˼Ƭ̣ʱ٤ǰҪ£ȥ
ӤӤһ˳ָ˼ϣͻȻϲ֮Ĵ֮Ȼ֮ڶԼĴֶΣʹǳޡ
ƳƵĻ֮ʹŵÿޣʱضܴҪ˾ͺˡ
ħˣвҪ֧ĵطȻȥ̨Ǳʩѹòǿͨ˶ħĻóףħ粻ؽҪǮʯ֧
Ƴ˻֮ܼϵĵӡǵʱ䲻ˡ
Ǹ˵ҪΪʲôֱӾܾ
Щʱ´Ƭ̣ӦϨƾʱͻȻڷѡ
ҲѾܾô
ֻ˵ܣδ˵ĵ¡
涸ȻӤӤ۵룬һץסļ磬֪ġ
ָ׿ٽļͷָ׾֮ĥ͸ɴֻ˼ǳǳĹӡ
Ӧô
ʹ΢ƽϢһѣдϢƬ̡
ӦҪʲôʱɵô綼ȢȴûӦʲôʱҴ顣
Ծͷ۾
ǳ綼ģһʱʱ
ӤӤһɲЩⲻܳΪһֱô˵ɣ״ӦӤӤڽһ¡
Ȼ˥䣬վ֮ܶԿߣ޶ˣͬվһģ֮١
޷ֿУһֽΨֽӤӤ顣ӤӤϾҲ˾ޣδ޵ħԼħĹϵҲϴ壬һ죬ӤӤΪħĵ¸Դ
ȵһг³ɣȻӤӤǲɣӤӤħǿȡ֮Ů޷磬Ȼײڲ֮
㡭ҵʶһֱͨġ
ӤӤε˻
Ѿ°źôҲµĻᡣӤӤԼʶ˻˵ʱ򱣳ʶͨʵ಻֮
ʶԸһȫȻ̽һֲ©֮ǰ벻˼ά˻Ծϻ˵֡
ҪǰһЩ¶¸һ
ˮ΢Ůӵ͵͵ͬˮͣ
㡭ſ
ӤӤȦ޵÷죬ȴƱ¶͸һö
㡭
ӤӤЩգץļ˿ס־˸һԭأ˿Ҳ޷
˿ֻطҪȶźãĿǰҲ캲ҡûٷң˿ɿ
ˮ»£ҡҷ

ڵ˳ʹղ죬ûжӣֻӤӤһ˱ղڡղ֣Դղ߲Ӵˣֵ൱
Ϣ֪ͨħиŮӣħʱ޽һԵҲŮӵһϵдţʶӤӤ಻Ρ
ʱ˲䷿
Ǻ⣿ɫʣӤӤóԴ˰в
ЦħеǱߵĹأ˵ϿδŵĵҪַӣӡҲΪչ롣
ġӤӤֱᣬ
ֵͷȥ


131 
ħͬ, ħΪӶ䡣ղ˴أޱɽ£ȴ, ̧ͷǳֻһڡղ֮ȡڵһʯ, ಻֮ԡ
ʯҲ, ϣյó֮ʱ, һԵֽʯ£סйҹ
ӤӤʯʯԲ, ͨɢӨĽէȥգйȡӤӤȥ, ־ʯһԶʱ, оһ̺ħĴʯ϶Ȼŷ, 𿪡
ԭнơ
ڽһĽⷨӤӤ಻ƾʯȻƻղµĽƣ
ʹָסʯǽƱûг֣ͬʱҹ,
ڴ, ˮΧ½磬ڽ, ȴһϢ˳ﵽǱ˼ҵĵ̣ĵ¡
ղħòŮ, òŮ, ûзܿǺβ͵ħֻŮ, ǴŴ缫ΪţֻǱҪĵط鲼ڵ黳¶ԼΪĹ֣˿ηճǵĿϺ
ߵһӤӤҡһ䣬ϵ·ûɺղӣֻֻǻû۷·ڱö˶˵شϡɾסõڡ
ղʹõĻһħʯħӡ֮ǮʯͬΪ׹ߣɶһЩĲҩֻħʯףΪһԲɹϣӤӤֻȥħʯ
λÿúܡ̨бһ̬ħŮһˮ̣ӤӤһЦǴӷģ
֪
˲֪շħ˴ʹã˻ͨޣϿҪū˵ħ嶼һ壬αطǵģŽεֿźͷ磿
欵ħŮ㳯ӤӤһȦ˿ӤӤǰɢӤӤɫסڱǣоɤѾ΢⡣
ҲħĹôƫƫЧħŮЦţˮ̸˻ûмϷӤӤǮʯʲô
ħŮŤ֫˹ָ̨ɫʯΪװΣսӤӤᴵһ
ɫҲ֧ġɫ㹻ʮħʯ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴȻоԼȫǱʲôסһ㶯áԼǿͻλϣԼҲǸΪʵħ壬ȻǰŮ׾Ʒˡ
Ϊǣ˿ҲǰԷ𲿵ħŮΪ
ӤӤһƱڹ̨ϡ
Ҫҵɫ֪û
ħʵΪĳ̶ȽΪƣħ粢ýЩȽڣֻҪûеֳħζᱻΪСС֡ӤӤڴ˲ԭһζֻԼħƲ
ħʯ֣ӤӤֻ̺ĳֿ񱩵Ҫ꣬æ۾ħ⣬ڴʱĿ
㡭ΪΡ
͡Ϊ
·ӺĿŴİӤӤĶĤʶκα߿ֻţֻһ˸ղŵ
ûкģħʯӿħ֮ƽϢӤӤ˶񣬼ȥɰĿݵȲϡ
֮УħŮ»˰ҶȦơ
أ
İĽ측ֳһӰֳַɷǣƵȴһħˡǰָħŮϡ
Ķܱ֤Ϊͻ߽ס˺֣ܿһƺħŮϵϢܲʣħŮ쵽۵һȻ
ʱҪ·ҪŵģܽҾС
Ȼ

мתһȦӤӤ֪ػԼķ䣬ķöʩһصĿռרŹܻ֮ء룬ȴſڴӯĽŲ
ǵʱӦֺѩ˪ʱֵſڵĴŲǡ
ӤӤ۾ͬʱϢػص˴ϣ˽磬´С
ȻӰſǻƬ̣ٿ¶˾ģַŰϵ
ϢĿˡ
ΨһĹԴҲöԲεʯ뿪֮ǰͱס͸ŷ͸΢һ˳ӰһĴ
ħŮӽĴʱֻһĹ֫㱻§סˡ
ҹɫãҿɷһ֮
ħŮɤģӤӤ§ڻֻһ㱡ϡħŮļ㣬˵ĪӤӤ˼ߵ֮С
ӤӤṴ˹á
ħŮͷĴ
Ƭ̺ӤӤһͷ˿ɢңĵü˪ѩظ£޹ǵؿħŮУ֫һ̲ˮӯӯһա
ħŮ§סŵϣȴٿؾһ
㲻֪ǵʱ¶βô
ӤӤᴭţץץķβֺܿɿ¡
ʲô㡣
ε
Ұȥô
һʱ
ҼǵʱӦúͼģôھͻˣӤӤץסָ֣⣬ȴֱһ͹ƽͷһôˣ
¡֣ܿ󡣡
㰡
ӤӤΣ½˳ֻǰһٿΧʱѾһƬɽˮ֮أղķΧ
Ķ죿
ѡӤӤ˼Ƭ̣΢˶ָ⣬һǰ֣贺ݵԭֻƣֻٵĿռҪ贺Ҫźۼ֮Ļͼ򵥶ˡ
˴ǳȻֻ֮ӤӤ˵˴˻֮˵һСҲΪ
ӤӤһЦסһɽ¡
ʱϼ۵ᣬϦ£ԡӤӤţס۾
ӤӤɿʱһҹĻչҹĻǳ㣬ܴ䣬һ±Уϵҹк˴ӵ»֮¡
Ǻܾûһ𿴹ɫˡӤӤᣬ´ľͣʵһɫѾ©ţղûǳϰߡ
ʵֹղ֮أƱοգǳĴҲޡħĹϵ˵ɲԼͬħ繲һ¡
һ죬ڴ˼ࡣʱоܼ֮ʱ䣬°빦ϲұһ
ӤӤʱǹҪЩ궼ΪԭˣͳȥҲֻһöϵ̳ɵӣ񻹱ϡ
Ļ֮Ȼġҡҡͷ㻹Ҫ贺ݣֻ³Բ
Ҫ˵һá
˴Ȼ춴죬ʱɽĺ޶£ӤӤڴƬ̣ٴҹ澰¡κʵڵսľ缲ٱǣֱӽӤӤ뻳бɽ
ůڣǽӳν֯컣ʱӤӤץסü򴽡
ָʪÿÿʱܾץһ㣬Ϊúܡ֣ת˿תشȲ䵽ָͬԴͬʪ⡣
л֮ȴ顣ӤӤ˸ܿΪĴУҪ˫ܽһֻΪ˻䣬δ۷š
˫ޣɲȡҪȥӤӤȴӤӤźۼ˹ȥֻ˻ȥŸԼϵ˿ӤӤطϰѶΣ
򵽣ȻѡӦúסӤӤ˼ش
˿ܴ֮һôӤӤ˿֮˿йֿ࣬Ϣ˲ģʵǸõ
Ҫѧ⵹ҲѡӤӤĿֱϵ˿ڣ˿룬һɣ޵˿֮˿ܹЩ
˿֮ҪһĸڣѪĸ߽̻ʹࡣ񲢲Ҫ˿֮ʵ˿˵Ҫ
ǰԼ˿֮㰴طһԣʱûĸߣֻܴӿʼӳѿҪʮ죬Ϊ˽ԼʱСӳѿĸߵʹħ˵й֮޲ٸͬʱٿ̣򶾳Ѩɡ
ѧһǺ¡֪ģҲۡ
Ҳٷ֮ˡ£ӤӤЦЦ
ʱอ㱻ٻ٣ֻں̶֮нѹ֮ʵԭŲֶΣħΪԱǿѹΪһ޵˵ȻǸһףɶͬħڲ̫Ӱ죬Ϊ
ħ֮гƶض
Ҫ㲻£ұڵĸ߷ֳһظ㡣ȴ˵Щࡣ
ӤӤĸͷţɫ˿˿ɿʵС͵쵽ˮԴһ㣬ȥ


132 
˿Ѫ, ۵ɫһףָ׿Уӡǡ
ڴʱ, ܸоһصʶӿ, ·һֻεظʶ, ովҵʹжȥ֡
ӤӤ
˶ỽһ
ӦӤӤ͵Щô
˵ͷ
ʱҵʶʹĲָ֪, вԵĸоǧҪʱҡӤӤ
˿ĸ߷ָȻʹ࣬ɵΣձȴһĸҪСöࡣ֮ǰΪڵħ˫޹ܾõʱ, ֮ͬϢڳĸ߻ںϵúܺá
ӤӤһ߿ʶĸںϵʹ࣬һ߲ĸֲľѪ⣬ʶѹ, λ΢ز
, ס, ýӴķʽ
ĸߴ͸ʱƺһڵħƽȻң˵ݣɴʱʶѾȫޡҪȥǿҲⱻǿ˺顣ӤӤֻò˿, ǿж
˿ĸͬӤӤ, ǹħ˳ĸӿϣԵӤӤڡȻӤӤħϢų, ڻħ, ӤӤǿº䷺Ĳ, ǿԼ, һħһŻ
ûκηӦ
㣬ѣӤӤͺȵ
ħζܣ·ѪҺ˱ֻΪ۽ʡӤӤͼʶȥȴʱʶ׷ա
ӤӤһ
ֻȫɥʧʶʱʶŻ᳹׷գʱǿͻʶʶ޷תΣڼȵĽźͲʣӤӤʱʶȻڸ߶ȻԾ״̬
ٿأ߬ŵĶȻһգѸţת֮㻯һֻĴС
Ǹĸ߻
㻹ôͻȻһʶ֮ʡ
Ҳ
Ѿֳ˱壬ħסΪħʹħҲħǸհؼȥ֪ΪʲôħʧȥôΪ񣬶ħΪԽߣҪΪȼͷȼռ䣬ûħƹһżҲˡ
Ǹ˶٣֪Ϊÿһʱ䶼תô
ӤӤĬƬ̡
˵ţ˴ֻһֻͬһǴ֮תǧꡣħ翴۷תһ˶쵼ħߡֻǴûκιڷԭĽ͡
Ϊȼռô
ǡһȻû꣬ļܲļ㹻ͬνλƥУ㳲Ҳ·硣ֻҪȫ䡣תһҲǵ㡣
Щʲô
ħת֮ԲѴ֮Ϊ֮Ǹƻţ·һ׵ĺԨм両һѪڣҪС
Ҳû뷨ҲΪʲôֻ֮밲ȹҵӡ
ʶ֮еٿسĬˡ
ʵҰģӤӤûСӤӤϰǰħ磬ıϽ֮ƣ޷Ϊ֮ȶ֮飬һһڶֻΪԼͽա
תʱ򣬴ʱӤӤѪѣӤӤǿṴ˹ǣû¡ǰһڣԵȥ
ȳζָæӤӤץ˴չɫĳνӤӤ£סˮδӤӤϣ̵Ѫ۱ˢۡ
뵽ָΣԭϵ·˺ѣʱںĸʱͻ״ٻЩ䣬ļֻͣڵħȻųɥʧʶ
ڵħƽȣ쳣ӤӤ
ҪһӤӤ۾ǰ޵Ȧף̲ס̾һһû־һħѡ
ʵӦǱѵģڵħȻ⣬ԶԶµһöħ
⻰Ϊ˵÷Ƶȴץ֣Ҫ޳
ħ𣬿޿óʲôӡӤӤ£ס֣οģҲ۵ġ
˵ο˵Ļ̬Ѿչķˡ
һ⣬Ȼ˶˲վĹֻ飬Ҳһ׮¡
ӤӤעŲԼϵĺֿ˿ڰڽһѰƷ̲ס˳˼

ղƻھС
Ȼħƽղ޶ĿղΪشƻףʽȻǡ
Ȧ
ӤӤעһᱡħŮǰֺȼյĻȦȼ˳Ҳ޾ţһŮЦ໥ļħŮ˾ĴƤЦַ͡
˴һڽΣԼ˽Ľ˿ħŮǷ׷л
ǰȻħ˵壬ϯʱʱħŮضħϢǴҪȢ֮°ùڿţһ֪ʱȡһȴûжħ֪ȫħ֪ħһòˣպӤӤЩǺϡ
ħʷϴûŹһħ˷ˣĵͷһ⣬Ǵˣɲǲ档
Ȼףʽڼ򵥣ղ¾˿ǰӽνǶɫʯݻɫ༫ѣӤӤһħ⣬ħҲǼȻĮ
ħ˾ղĲɫΣ־˾پƱһ߾һЦ
ħƶ񤣬վĳʶǳˡӤӤػص
ֻǵٱ֮ʱϢƱж¡
ӲãɱΪǡ
һٱоһ
ֺѩȻһۣ˭Ҳ˵ʲôħңԭ˼Ůӳܣȴħֱӽͣԡ
ȻΪѺƽȣ˭˭ĸӹӵղѩȻлЩСҲҺͷȥɾǸԼҲʹ졣
Щÿɿڣվû޳ħٳԵΪǡѹϲȥ㶴
һ˿ӤӤԶ˿ӡ
ЦһȻ˳Բ£Ǳ㱾˲źá
ӤӤӶ˵ԼǰԽԽԶ
ʱӤӤŷ֣˿̸֮֮ʧ֮һ


133 
ϯ, ȦȥһȵħŮظ, ϡ
ƹѲ, ɫ, ղڳ¶̬һӤӤߣ
֮һ, Ч裬һǧ䣬ɡҵȾþħƫԶ֮, ԴĽħ˼ȳ磬֪ɷҵȿ۽磿
ֹˣúԣħ˽֮, ô裿
ղȴʵָԼƣʲôģħ¶һ, Ȼ˼޸ħ, ʲôܿģ
һʱϯս㡣
ʱӤӤΪĲ˶ûע⵽һղϽŮ֮ġע⵽˿ӣʮָһʱʱܷס
ĿϯֻԭħŮһ, ҳ
һ֧, ħֲСǼ֮Ȼµİɣħ, ȻʱҲû˵Ҳ֪ħ˼û
ǳԹ, һյ, ̬, ӤӤ˿û۵׵Ĳ⣬ڶĿʱƵЦЦ·ƶ᲻ӡ
ӤӤܿô¡
ô
ӤӤ΢΢۾Լ֧ǲģ˱ɨأղô˵ǽڻϿʵ˵ħǸСǼ֮ȥٻӰķ
ɫڵǵףԱߵļϷ׷Ҫȥϵ죬ٺ˵˵ڴʱ͸˿֪ӺδƮɲǼ̴ⳤϵ塣
һʱħѪɽԾ
ӤӤûڸ˿ټΪħһ۱ܿЩ˿ǱӤӤݶ볯ӤӤķ˹
ȻħûôϿڣԶԶҪȼɭϣλ𱰸ԷħΪҲҪħͰ뼶ĳϻҪٵһԽ
ȻҲû뵽ͻȻѣûֱӱ̬ǿ֡
һʱֶٸм
ȻλղоҲģŰλħһ£ȫûԤ뵽λںȶ˾ƺ˵죬ʹɫֹ֮󻹸Ҽħˣ˵ʲôħʱҲû
ħ˶꣬ҲԼǵ仰Ƕ֮һɱǿ衣
ľǼ˿ħȫûأֻǹͷ˿жϼǣȫڴ֮ǰ˿ûκξ졣
λħʵΣ
ӤӤջ˿û˼λղϵɾҲûħҽ߸ΣڳħڵֵķӦ
û뵽ղĴ֮ȻӤӤһЦ˿ָⷭڳħΣһ˿˭Ч¸ոλӤӤղϵ³
˵ħҪ˼һЩͬӣħ˿ûҪħԭͷħʿʿħС
æλƽպɫպ˲ſڲ⻰˵һ룬ӤӤ༥
λִ裬Ҳ
һʱӤӤûзһ񣬶תѣ
㣬ҪһҵħǸħŮȡֵô
ӤӤ
һȥˣٻ
ӤӤƳһۣϯȥ

һϦ֮䣬ħ֮´
Ȼ·ŵ˵ױƲ𣬿ħ忴ȴպ⼸ħ˼Ļһʱħħ˵ıӴɣһ̾ͱ
аڡħԦϼħ¡ħ֮䲻ò˵Ķ¡ħеܡпյ󾫲ʷ׳ʣЩʱȻﵽ˿ǰĺг
˵ı׬Ǯ˰ɣһڵīµӫ󻭻һ˿һʱ䡣
֮ǰδĿãʡӫһҳ깤īۺɣ׷Σ
׷㿴ǰгͷβȫһƬĵȻ졣ǰĴæȻӣָҪոʱ˲أǱȵùڲһһŽĴ£Ǵ󹦳ء
⻰Ҳħŵؽˣպ硣ʱźħƽǰ
˵ĿֻΪ׬Ǯɣᡰ׹ǲ֪Ӻδת˳زС̨
ѩĲ㣬ճһкܿǰħ磬ǱǰھħĳǳعƳáȻĹƳǲԭַͨħıؾ֮·
Ȼᡰ׹ǹҲֻһԹıĿǰ
Ȼᡰ׹Ǹǫ̨̀ӫƵĻʱ˿ᡰ׹һֻһǧ꣬ԹҲߣƽӴЩ
ڿ꡶ħ¡Ȿ֮ᡰ׹ǳ˼Ƭ̣൱Ľ飺ЩӷŵԻһ˵ħʱ֮ΪħˣǷŵͽӺˡħľͻҪԶԶħ𼰷˵Ҫǿ

ִؾħΰ£ƲɢһŮվؾſڣ·ո
û뵽ؾôʵҵڡӤӤԹ̾һϵԹصѹⳤִؾħεơ
ԡ㵽ʱһô
ԶȻֳһӰ
һëڳִؾſڵʯͷϣֻȻһ죬һСȻǰ
ʱһ˵ֻ졣ëһЦʣµʱ䣬Ȩ֮˽ܵˡ


134 
ִؾӡ, ħݴħŨɺҺ̬, ΪߵħҲⲻʡ
ӤӤһ, ħų, ûִؾǿҵĿܡ
ֻԼһħ
ȻӤӤħܶȱħҪߣħħ, ӤӤٵĺͷһʶħ롣
û, ܡ
ӤӤ˵
ס֣дϢƬ̣ͬںֱײħ࿹⡣֮ǰڵķѪ΢ѹסЩħ, һħ㰲, ͬڵǿƽദ
ħػ, ԳִؾħײҲո̡
Ϥ·ֻϤӤӤ޷ȡģѪıܡ
ʱһǰֻʣһտӣ߽ȥذҡҡλ, ʱп̮
˷ͷ
ִؾвܱ, ΪⱾʲôرؾִؾҪصʷ
ħ˵ľѷʽڳִؾоٰ죬֮ÿһħڳִؾдд, ؾҲħ͸׽ħѪĵط
Ѫֻһħ˵Ѫ൱ڶ͡ԭȫЧħħ, ԸΪħЧħ, ѪΪħĿ, ǵõѪǼǿ޸Ϊħõľҡ
һħΪѪԭħѪͬͬǷܹбħص㡣ǶǷ˵ĺᡣ
ЩʷС£¼Уһ˵ע⡣
ħԭһ壬գǳأض֣顭˾˾ˡ˾ʱ˾ڡ
ģӤӤϲһɫ֪ӦüĳģֻħֻзħܿöûдĶħʷųħ
һʼ͸Ǻ棬ʲôĿôӤӤߵħ⣬һþ޴ħ̧߼֣ǰ
Ļ£˿ƿն߰󸿳ȴ˿֮ȻΪޡһӰ岽Զĵط֣һӻӣ˿˵ĺۼ
һġӤӤָ⣬Ǽɲ˿Ƭ̣ü΢չһЩҾбҪ㡣̵ݣǳĲ
ʲô飿
ӤӤ׼ΪУǵĸ׵֮һͻƵ޻Ҳ̸ġȻ̵վһߣ̾Բվȫ෴Ķ
ԭʥʱڷֱơʱաȻ̻ʱȻ֮飬֮ˣʥά˵תθʥʼնᰴԼĹתȥݻʵ壬ıһ֡
ӤӤṩϢٿ뵽ϼҴһ£ɵõǰļҴطĪʱһ
ףǡʱ֮ݻΪΣʶȴһΪѪ֮лûֻѪϡܾͣʱ֮ԽԽ٣ʶԸ˻ᣬҪѹʱ֮ȡʱ֮Ȩ
ϧδԸ
ǣΪһĿǰƿصֻвˣ֮ڼվڴ˼ڵˣûﵽ׵ĵز̼ӤӤ֪ĸĳֹϵ
ˡʱڣЩ֮ĸӤӤûдκһѩڤˮ֦Ҳδἰ˵Ҳͬǲڴء̳еļ֮Уȷʵһڸ֮Ļ
Ҫɱ㣬ȡյ֮Щһ֮ĲƬҪϵĽ֮ҶĹ۲죬ڵĽ֮һֱڷӡ״̬Ӧĸ̶ıƥҵ̽㵮£ŲֻΪΪŮĵˣֻ㸴ɣ
ǰҵĸףӤӤ
ӤӤƽؿ̣ش


135 
ǿһӤӤ˵Ҫ
ںܶ뵽ǰ֮, һҷҵǰļνһ˴˳ͻײ֪Ļ, ʧȥ, ˵ǻԵѡ
ӤӤһ, ʶԼһֽǿȥ϶˾˵̵ֻŮ, ѩĵӣǵĹѡ
Ȼ, Ҫְ̳еεһ֡
ȻôģǺܺáƺû뵽ӤӤĴ, Ū, ͵Ĺ, ӳĵüʥ֮ǰΪ޷Ĺȥȷʵмƣ̵Ҳһˡ
ӤӤ̵廳ȥǰĶעͬʱѹô
۵׻ްԴӺν𣿡
ǰϸ, ȴڰбӻȫǰֻǿĸ׵ϡ
ӤӤķ, ǣЦһڵʱ, ϲһΪֱӿںࡣ˵ȷʵʵ, ȷʵڶ˭ʤļʸ󡣿ʼʱҸų, ܴת㡣
Ϊұת֮ǰļ䣿
Ϊ㱣, ĵˡлع֮Դ˿ۿʥʱڵţҪʱ֮һš
Ϊϣ
ǵĻǵԽѡ
ӤӤĬˡ
̺̳еļȷʵд֮ĻԵ׼ȷ˵ʶ֮һƬ֮ͨıؾ֮·ʶ֮ǸҲӤʶҪ׽ӽ֮һ֮ܿѸٱ֮ͬ᲻ܿƵؽԼ·ӡ
ִ޷ӿĶɣθУҲͳһΪԡĶ˵Ǳز֮ܹΪһ˱ԼΪΪ˵ǲûΰһ΢òˣɲǺ¡
·нӦñҪԶ꣬ô
ҲǸֻǡѰƾ֮ʱ򣬺нĵ·ཻ̻ش𣬡ҵĿĴʼնϣǷû
ʵǵûǿң˥֮µҲὨ׼ȷ˵ӽִߣܹ̽ά֡بŲ䣬ִȴֻǿƷ˵ִߣҲ٣ִߵξͻͷϣ֮޾鷳
λòôĿľǳΪµִߣڲݻǰᣬҪΪĿܡȻǽĽӹߣҲûɳƷ
̿ӤӤ˵Ǹ壬Ӧñ˰ɣ
ӤӤûֻʡڶԼɵҪ
־ɱ¾ٹ߼ʮ꣬еٻ罵´ģϴϵֻʣһɡڲСʱ򣬷ǰɱ¾Ķɱųɺ֣ͣĳ̶ֳİʾ
ĳıλնؼ磬ܶȹĽԲ粻ܸõرӻ飬ɱ¾ıӻıӻô
Ȼǵġɱ¾ıӻֻǸԼһڼϵдǣǽֶԼȥѣ֮ʲôܴ
ӤӤѾ뷨
лᣬһϵķӡһһ˫ɫԽУ߰ɡ
ǺͶ
ӤӤҲûа취Ͻ֮·Ѿȫ̶׵ˮƽҺͶ֮Ⲣãңһ顣
ҪǿдţǱزٵģĿǰȱٵľһ˫Խ
̽ϺҲʣµĲ֣˻غϺӤӤûж˵̽һ£ʶ⼸ռʱ鲻ѡֻħڵþ뵡㲢ûзϡ
ȻӤӤ㷢Ҳֻδݡ
ܺãΪθ˺ܿɢȥˡ
ִؾ֮ˣղָʱֻòղħŮĿ΢ؿǣʱʱ˴˽Ŀ⣬ЦЩ⡣

ڴʱֵһ̿첽߽ݸһֿܺɫһ䣬ӤӤ
˻ߡ
֪ĿⲻƣǰһӤӤ󣬿ɾʱΧղħŮ׷Գ˰ΧУһʱսš
ոҽӵţʹõħʯ֮д˶ͨħΣյĶءڷ˳磬Ǻѱ֤˵Եػ˻֣ħǲɢӤӤ쵽Щħ岢û뿪Ǳƴ
ħ˰ӣҲӦðһ֮ͬģвΪݹض˱ӻͬ庮ģ
仰ݣħħ֮Ϊһ߶ͬ
һµħһˡȻﻢ£ʱӤӤվ˳
˵Ϊƾ֤ȫħ嶼֪ħ˵Ĺϵ֪ҳ磬ҪԴݺѡ
ֿӤӤڣֻӤӤԼƱ磬뽫֮еɽ֤ʱֻòһһ˿ȻĲϡ
˫ĵ۾Ц޹ֲã
ִΪһ


136 
ӤӤԼȻ´Ӻζ
ϾΪĺݻԶ, ̶͸¶˺ܶ鱨вҪǣղļƻ
ħʯעһħħԵħ˵ȷʵвʷӦ, ױΪµĶʵħ, ȵɢȥ֮ܺħӰ졣
һֲΪƻħ֮Ĺϵ, ΪסǱħ
Ѱʲô̲֪, Ȼûιֻߴ, ȫò
صħҵ̲ݻܻȥİ취в֡
ݹأղħ, ֻӤӤ˿ճǳȥ, ˿衣
˶պɢ, ʱ֤ûʱ֤ϵ顣
ӤӤû뵽ʱ䶸Σ㣬ȴһĴʹعͷ, Ȼֳ˿Զ
һɫ, ۵׹Юű
ӤӤ˺һȵһ, ˴Ϲһս֪ħź
뿪ħ, ӤӤ
, Ŀס
Ϊʲô
Ҳ
ڳִؾ֮пʲô
ӤӤ۾, һһʡ
˵ʶȽڣ̫˽˽Լ˿͸ԼһһѨȻע£˿£ոյ˻ȥ
֮ûʲôˣӤӤ
Ƿֿɡ
ʱӤӤ쵽һ˿Ϣ֮䴩͸ǻķΡ
̫ˡ
ͷҲǰȥӤӤһʱסܿ췴ӦҪ׷ȥȴֻһᣬǰǧӰ¿ǰʱһصĿռ䡣
ǿ顣
ԶһɫļĿ⣬ãã޴ɱ淽λʱĵر֮ȥӤӤ߶Զľ룬ȴʼոоԼͼǵľ벢û̡
ǾԼķӡ֮ء
ӤӤоʲôԼʶ֮ڰ룬ɢȥʱһòµŮվǰֻŮĽŨҪжǾд֮ˡ
˱Ļ
ӦþӤɣ
Ӥûлش𣬶ЦʣҺʲôô
ˡ
ˣҲΪ˾𡣡ӤָָĿڣۡ
ôʵҲֻۣľܲڼܲѪҺеʣ·һеһжֹˡ
ҷֿˡȻԼɣʵ޴롣ӤӤദǿоɶҲֻ֤ڻţ֤
ÿԸԭֻԼȥ¡
ЦһۿܸɣûжޣͷԽԣûˮʱܻλᡣᴩķʹһ˵ţǺȳѪĭ
ǰˡӤ֣ĵظۿӤఴ֮ǿݽߵ۾ʪ˳Ӥָ䡣
ްɣ޳Ϻܶࡣ
ڴӤӤϹܶõˣѩãǳԳĹУã֮İãʼԴ
ǲһ˽ÿһ˶ԼҪ飬ԼòеʹмصĴÿ֮ϾУߵһ̶֮ȻףᷢѾеֵˡ
֪ڵϿ˶ãӤߣȻǱһ壬Ӥױ˼ǧʮ꣬ʱһˮɢȥķ١
ŵʱҲôӤӤץһѽɳɳָк£ڴ˵صɳγɣ·ֺۼ
ʶ֮ǰӤһʧ񣬻ЦˣôұȺɱ֮ǰҲǧ겻֮תÿһн顣ҪҸĻȷʵǺġҲܲԸ鷳ԴһöԵһԵֱȥûһ˿һ
ڱһԼֻǰʷӤӤ΢΢Цˣأ
ֻһĨδɢʶܸƿе֮ӤһһŽɳһݳһ
֮ǰҾõҵʵ㹻ǿʱҾߡȻ⼸ûûҹ񡭡
⼸ʱĿռ֮еģ濴꣬ʵʱѾǧ꣬ҲгԽ̵ĻǶʱѪգҲӽեɣҲԸȥļӡ
ʱҪ޵û֮ʸվߣһЩһǰУս
뵽ռ֮ǰǹᴩķε˿ӤӤŴ˺һָ춼ǿȳѪ˿
湻ġӤĺ󱳣ݸһӣϴת֮ǰһֻ϶᲻òȻÿһת֮󶼻вһ顭һ·ߵصبŲ䡣
ӤӤӹϸزǺָѪ˿Ӥļͷ̾˿
ҺҲһ顣
ʵⲢΪ˵ϲôΪ˵ĸоʼƫӤ§סעһصอʹ
Ӥעһ֣ξͽһֻ֣̼Ϊ˿޷졣
лл㡣
лл൱лԼͷ˭ҲûлӤЦЦϾǱһ壬ֻһʶѡ
ոҸעܸ֪ǵĴô
ӤӤڤ֪ڷ·һһ𣬵ȴûںϣ·ֻǽˮһѡ
˵ͷ
Եġ
ҪȵʲôʱߵǸǣͿԳȥˡӤָָɢŽӲӹâļǣȻ綼ǽɫǽɳӻǽûǼҫۡ
գգ۾ҵΪǿҾòܿƲűȷӡģ̳Ҫ컻زѡʱǰһɾͣȻվǰһ̫ˡ


137 
ôַֿˣ
Ƴǵӵ, ɰ˲ӤӤƽհԵĵķں׼ȥӤӤԣȴһűʾЩһŲôħ, ѾӤӤֿˡ
һöָݸӤӤ贺, С
תҪħط, ȥץסӣ¡
û˵ʲôô
۾, ҡҡͷ
ɲǼ۵׿ӿħͬԭȻ෴ס彣治׼Ϊʲô
֪ӤӤΪ, ˶ٿô
赭дģܲˬ⼸ȻҪӤӤţÿȥӤӤ, ӤӤǻԲѾһл֮һѪ, ѾӻҪοԼûʲô¡
ƿ֣ܹٿйϵôĥô
ס, ȫû뵽Ļ˵
µȻġ
ȻҺǸӣֺαңȥûߵſڣһӭ˿ɳ, ж˽
˿, ɫһ䣬ϵóӤӤʱݵ˿, Ҫ˵ʲôȴһֻֽסˡ
, Զᡰ׹һס, һסӫ, ΪԹĴһűȳ˸Ϊ֪
ֶ൱һƺ⣬жȣ಻̫նϱ򼫶ȿƻ߼ȷˡ
ǰ߽ӽڴ飬ħ
ɶΣգ޻˽ǧҲûнնϣᡰ׹ɵضЩɱľŽǰв٣֪Ž֮Ĳ⡣ΪȴԲ֪ĳ̶ȡ
ʱ֮ڤˮ֦ѩûǰЩѩʦ˼֮£ȥ֯ڵǰȥӭ˳ءĹأγػҪ˽ѧֻγأڤˮ֦Դ˲ֹ뷨
ʱڱչ֮УǧΨһιأǾ˫һ£˫޽䴿ѪǵӪЩ˼ټǧʱϣֻԼĿģ֮Ѿϰ覡
һ˫˫һ̺һǿ˵޽ᣬֹ֮ͬڤڤϵҪõǿ˿ͨͬʱʹĴסԼ
һѪ̺֮츳̺ڤˮ֦Ҳ硣б˫˵˫ضΪִҵĻΣĵӽһ׷֩һҪȥֻͨͨ
ֻض˫£лᱣһֱѹƱ˴˵ԣñ飬û侲һΪԭ

ڤų
ӤӤӤ
ӤӤڵϣ߬еӣѪֹסӿµĽɳѪۣǱ
ʱӤӤŵ֪յЩ֮֮ͬĳʼ֮СΪշ٣нӴ֮ʱԳܡ
ȴòŬȥƿأ˥֮ʱ֮µ˽֮𣬵ͷֻиǿܸԤĽ֡
ˡʱĸ߲εͽѾ׽ԼĵԼһʱ䣬ʱ֮һȴѹ˥䣬ΨֻڳΪ֮֮ȥס²
˵Уݽ棬вˡ
֪һ㡣ȻӤתȴ޷Լʼնˣ֪ο
֮ǰǾȤұ֪ˣҲǴе˻ڴγ֮תݡͨ׻˼ҵĺôҪرȥǡӤ£ңԶޱߵĽɫóȻ֣Ϳܴƽ⣬Ը㣵Ӱ졣֮򣬱Ҫ
ӤӤΪȻ˵ͷӤ֪ķͼƿˡʵڹǿᣬʱַڵѪӤӺὫ
ոʱ뵽ˣ
ӤӤŻһѪص˵ͷ
ȥʱҲԼò޿ɾҩʱ
ûϵҿԡ
ӤӤ
ŵǿԼ֮սľٶǿҵų⣬ӤӤʹǺȡӤüһʱҪȴʱһӰӤӤһֻĽɫ
ûһӰǰһԵӤӤ뻳С
ڻһ˿лꡣӤһԶ飬Ҳ㱾
ҶԲ
ӤӤԼϣӤӤϵѪۣӤӤʹ࣬Ὺϣںʲô
ܸоӤĿϣ
׼ٵһôӦܾ쵽תЩ꣬㲢ת֮ǰ㣬Ҳת֮㡣
Ӥǣһ˿΢Ц˵㲻
ûлشͷսӤӤǰ£ȴͷվջǡ
ûʲôʸҲӦüӤӤһС
ӳִؾ֮õϢħʷͨħģڸ߽ħģǹڷħġ
ħҪ޵ü£޷ֻ·飬֮ǻʹʹֱնӤӤ֮ϵӤӤ룬ܱӤӤԼߺá
ҪնϵͲᱣһֲлˡԶʱΨûжһֲлĶôӤһѪָΪãͲҪǰ
֮ˣݡлὨ죬ϵκһλݸӹأ̳֮һҪΪƵԣǰֻͽա
֪ʹ࣬ӦԶԼ
Ӥһ䣬עָкµɳ
㽫Զ㲻֡
ǰӦ˼Ǿ仰ɲ顣ҵûԷǣ佫һɡӤתָɳкȻߵֵزǾһֱȥá

˳һȻ󲨣һʱڶɶ˵
ڳһæݣ¾ǻ֮Ҳڣƫƫ֮ͨӤӤѩֻ¼˵̸̽èЩϵĻ֮޻
֮еλȻ϶ϯ˭вƵģϯӣħͷͣǴκƵ׽ھŽǿ߾͵𻯣Ȼں̨İ˽ǿ߻в٣֪ǵǸħĶ֡ڲλħھϵʱǷ׷ײȡ˶£
ڽιһ¢ϵĵرʯ伮͵ڵΪѩԴղֻ˿Ϳؽǰڿ֮С
⼸䶯ĸֲСڵľ˾ΪţӴ˲£ɽֻеӵĹյؽʺеͨ˼ҵĵӣѡ죻̨⼸껻̨̨ĳŮһαֶνΪ
Դǳ׽֮ħؿںڵȼû˵ħ˼ںԭ߸ϵڲò˸߹ͷ­תѧźɽãħԮûС
¸䶯ĿǰѾνˣҪܲܰٹʮ֮Ŵ󿪡߳ǰŴ򿪣ٷ
˵ʵȲ˿Խ֮֮תΪԼֻܿԼΪٺƵΪ֮˵׺һڣܿܿҲȴһݳ˻ǵıꡣ

˳գǧĸڵɽ֮ȥɾʱ
ǵصħ׷ϯ׵ѩʶվܿ챻޻ȥ
Ӧԡ
ڶݵɧ֮ħܿɢ·ֻһ˼Ļþ
ʯǰ彣γ磬ޱϲƽؿǰħŮ
Ϸǵ㣬ǵߵģгô
˼ȻǵңӦ֪ҵ⡣
Ϸһ²⣬ȻԭΪˣΪҪǿԼתΪħ
Ϊˣ֮Թ㣬Ϊѹꡭοǣ
Ŀҵ彣ϣ˿ڸǶȡ֮ҪҵĻҾҪǿҵӡǾħҾҪΪħЩ̫֮ǰˣѾľ񽣣Ҫһá
˵ϣתһӰǿᣬȴһת赭дֱӽ彣ݸ
ǿƿͨ·ҪӦۣ֪֮֮ˣ˼ȫ
ɵضŵݵԼǰ񽣣һʱ䲻֪òýӣˬʼϲƬ̣˼лδǵ壬ֻʵһ䣺δ
Ȼδǵ֮ˣϷˮۣ˽Ϸ꣬Ϸѡʲ
Ӧ֪֮ˣɡ
ϷأҲһˮءϷô꣬ǲδĸδˣ֮
̹ʵһЦȴĪóþĶǡ
Ҵҽӹ貨񽣣Ķӵļ뿪˴˵ء


138 
ȫû뵽, ֪ǰ֣֪һ¶ų꣬ȴȻ
˴򽻵Ĵ, ֻмʦֵ̽ľѩλԴ, ʱֻǵˮ, 츳ʶǺܳɫʱûнϡ
ȻҲû뵽ˮ貨, ԭΪ̨Ķˮ
ɽ֮У貨ľ񽣷һֿһԵĶϺȱ, ǻ˻֣ϻ⣬硣
ȱʵ, ǽ, Ϊ˼ڳİתΪ, ䷱¹ڽ飬ò塣
ʱһֻһģһżżϡӹż, żûе㾦, һ
Ȼ˵ʲôսҲԴĬ, ɳıɵҲƾһסʱֻèԭЩ¶ż֮ϡ
ڻ֮λ, Ŀǰû̫õѡ, ԭƻ֮ػλӦӤӤ, ӤӤڵħ޷ٶӤӤпơֻûк֣ܵõһŴĻģܳеǿƿͨĸɣԷ֮ͬ翹ಢ¡
ǻ֮λˣҿô
ڳԱ
λϣɡ
᲻ô
̧ͷ۵׾Ǿ
Ϊ˾Чǳҡ
ݣǴˣѾڵ̨з֮УʱұΪ˾ܸһС
ĬȻá
һ䱾ȴ³ֹԼгĹȥҲˣǶʱ򣬶ڵۡ˶ħ¾ţȴԭȻǳ֮⣬ʦͬžħ޹ᣬȴħִȺħҪɱʱ򣬳ǡþȺħ޽ִ̨֮н˻ȥ
̨Ĩȥԭ
˵նȱãͶϣӫ¶Լãû޿ԣ˳ǴӳϿ˵Լ

֮޴ӣ֪˶ãӤӤ۾
ʱǰĲԭӲӵ磬һһݣһʯһɳ󻯡һӯȫ붨֮ǰӤ˵Ļ
ߵǼ֮Դȥˡ
ӤӤǼǵķ򣬼ᶨ˽Ų
һ
翵ľڴʱȻ޴棬ȷ֮ϡɲǼ飬ûΪս˽ȥ
ٶۣվ˵ϣʱֻϳһ޴ѷ죬ɫԣһֱ񷣬ֱֱ糶һӡ
ǡ


ѾʼˡѸܵ˷Ϣ˲ȥô
Ǵɡ
еתͷ٤ޣʱ٤رѾħתƵִؾһ¡ȻִؾӣħӦǿһ²¡
ϵϵ
ܿ˴𸴣һħ׼Σ
伴ɡ
۲⵽ӤѴ֮ƹضִ֮һģ֪֮δͬħ˲ȥӭô
޹أΪҪӭ
һƬ䵭ԼǵնӤӤƫƫÿȥҲ죬⼸ʮǱͼħ磬鰮һ޹ϵ
ƴ϶컪䣬ٷ
ǰͬЭ飬ԸΪ֮ʱҪҪȥܾˡ
ٺŵϢ⼸λǰʱͬΪͬˣ¡𵱽֮ˡ
Ķ࣬Žбѣ֮ذ౻ɢЩ޹ϵֻҪסħ缴ɡ
ֻʼ޷ױȥһ˿˿ͷ
³һ
ħħسִؾڴ˴޹ҰΨн콨

ӤӤϸѾս֮ʱ콫οգ񽣽֮֯е˴òɿ
˴Ƿ䣬Ҳַܲѹƣ޷ӳȫټ󷨵ʹöвֵĿƣʱƾ֮ơ
ڤˮ֦оƿɫ⻪ת֮˿
ᡰ׹ǵĹʹʼٸ߱˺ػɳԨ磬ıɳԨ߳ЮԹǧԹֱ
ʹԹǧ޷ӵԽԽңǿԹڴʱ޷ֵԹ϶вսٱΪⲻһСңѹȥɡԹһ壬ԴвС
ƬƬѩ£ѩнӰɡӫӰǰյС
վҲˣһֳֺ«ŷǧԹˣӫҲ˳ȥѸٻΣȴıѩҲͷŲ
Ȼ岻йɶԴصĿơ
һټӫѾвȥҪӫնɱȴڴʱһɫı˺ճӫ˦˺档ӫȻǸֻϢЩ죬ȴʼ벻⵽һλǰ
СģǡǸڷħͷߵħˣ
һٴͬŴ
ʶˣͲ˰ɣһŨħıֱȡٵţٱûһ˺һӡټ״һ
ǾµĻں棬ֻȻӾĺӿŨҵѪϢЩսϵƼʱȥͬʱһ̶İӤӤߡ
Ȼ
бӡ֮˲Աһɲϵ˽߳ɣһٵĻ֮˸ǱҡԿȡһ
ûûûȻһ
㾹Ȼ㾹ȻͷһָųоԼѸ˥ΪһͽǻŵҲľ˶ҡ
ǼȻ֪ħΪʲôҪ˵ı׼ҪңҴûж˲ʲôøУ˵ʲôϵأ
ЦͬʱѸͣڵħϽ֯ǣͣȻҲǷˣʱ׷ȥ
˺֮ʱǾԼײһ¼̵Ľ磬쳣翣ܱסȴ޴Ӹ֪Ĵڡ
䩤
һ죬ΪЮǿ鲨һڽ֮еϯȥΪϵ͵ֱӱ˺÷ǣ鲨֮Ҳըò֫ϱһء
ڳӤӤڽ֮⸡֡
ڳԱһɲǣйһݵĿ⽻֯ʱȡ˳롣
˾٣ЧµϣǰħԱӡħͨ·֮٣ֻΪ˷ӡΪͨ·״򿪡
Ϊ֮еļˣһô
ӤӤ룬˾ٳ׼ŭ磬ʱвͷܶ׷׿϶ķֻһ½׵ƮȻ֣Թ°ݣ۾
λ֮۾ˡ
ʱӫߣϰߵҪӤӤǰȴӤӤϢղͬ
ӤӤΪһΪҲԭĻӤӤϢȴ翣ңɼ·ĺ֮޴ڣʱڡ
ӫȥǳ˴󡣡ӤӤӫһѣҾС
ͬͨ콫˽绹пķӣڻǧ̵ĵ۾ĵһִߺͷߣѾĲ㼶ܶԵˡ
ԭִ˵ʥˡ۾ӤӤ۵׺޲֮ѡ¶λ߶λߵĲмһˣʥ֪ʥ˲Ϊãֻȡ³
ˡʱڡ
أѾɱһΣȻҪɱһ಻ѣʱͽڣǰ߲ӹԸʶ䣬ѾССĳͽ䣬ɢ֪ܵ˺δ֮һвҲݵز׷
ʥ޾ʥΪƺ⣬ս
λʥ˵ǰڱɱ֮ǰǴСС鷳֮ͬһʥȥǴʵʵһ鷳ԳƵ΢
뵽⣬۾ӤӤĿʱЩ̰

ֱӴħھҪӤӤ۾ˣֻ㣬Ҳֻù
Էµ˵һٿѾˣһٺ͵۾ˮ󣬵۾ȫټδؿɼ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˵һըûӦαѾʧˡ
ȥˡҲȥҵطѰɡѵ½֮ٲ͡
ԭˮάתĻʯ֮һ˴ξս൱ڽ糹״ƣһжҪ½
һҧúö贺֮УѸ۷Ѱѩˡ
ѩ˲޳ǰߣѩ˾ҩͬ޻һЩӧһѼԱĲл꣬Щ޷˽⣬ǰЩ˻ҡǶ˽ʤĿܡ֪ƻֻܾ£Ϊⳡƽ֮е˰ֻ꣬ת
߮ϳеļʮ˵괦УֻǽЩͶл
ڶɽȵĵһæл̧꣬ͷĹûС
һھ͵ʱѩһŮ˵ʲôŮɫº̸ֹͣơ
ӤӤ
ŮӻعͷᳯЦЦСѻϴˣӤӤҵŮ
ʦ塣ѩָָӤӤŮӣҪʦæôð
ʦ塭
̣


139 
֮, ۾һչۣ˷ϯ˿նϡ
ڵ۾УʱӤӤ˿Ϊ, ʥǱǸߵĲ㼶, ս, ʥԶ
Ȼһ彣ӤӤڰγʡ
ܶҵ, ұɱһγɰǧΣʱ㿴Σ
ӤӤָ򱻹ᴩظһѪ, ûжپţǵǹ˿޸
ӽڲ֮, ֮άϵ, ޷ǻЩѡ
ɾڴʱ, һϯ۾ǽâײԭӤӤ׸ĵ۾ʱ౻˰벽ߣ
ûпӤӤ, ֱӶ۾, ħѹ͵۾ѹ࿹żʮΪ, ½չ۾ݺ۾Ȼǣһ
Ȼһ, ϶ԽԽ, Ϻڵбƽ, ҷ޺֮УƲ˵Ѻۡ
һ֤ǰס
ո۾ĲʱӤӤѾϤᣬѾڳ֮䡣ʥΪβս֮ȴܱΪһλԭʥһĴ
۾нӳ˲ӰֱȡҪȴһһ⡣ӤӤȻ֪۾ʲôʱĵ۾Ψһͷ֮ǰնɱ֮½ѵ޲
Ȼ֪ԹۣѾܽ۾ϯĽܵҲֽ˺ƬҪǻпͨ˵ݻȥҪǲǵؾȥӭǶֻ·һ
ǵ۾Ľ쾫ûͱϣֻ࿹ϻ۾ӤӤȥĽࡣ۾Χ㣬Ѹʽ֮ڣֱӴƶȥ
ٷ׷׻½صڤˮ֦ȷ׷һڤˮ֦Ѹٰסӫӫ¡
ȥɡᡰ׹һԹӫѹס
ڤˮ֦ͷѸٳˤ֮ȥ
մ贺ݵţľһĻ
ǴϽĵ۾ֳֳᴩӤӤ壬ӤӤһƬѪģΨ˸ⲻϣά
Ļʹ࣬һֱĥ
ˮģߣ̲ס贺֮п֡
ͬĿǼΪãģֻʸʸǺʸߡ
һʸսأ
Цˣֻǰδеһʸսǵ۾֮ˣܲһ֮䡣
ֻԲסӤӤˡ

ʱɫһ䡣
ܿƵرԭһ˿΢Ļɢʵ׵׹ڵıϾʱ䡭
磬ʱϡϡ˫ֹ˱ˣֻڼ䣬ûתѾͻơ
ţΪͻƱʾףأǱ
ٻöͬʱѾήҽָ䣬Ͽա
ѩʦ塢ʦ塭ҧҧλǰһңٻ
˵ȥ͵һ˦ͷϵı飬ὣϣѸٸϸ۾֮
ʲôǽ˫̺ƣһɻϢ¹ڴı
ͬʱ谭ͻƵһݡ
һԭĳ츳ǵ֮ͥ񣬿վ˶ڣǱ˳䡣
ԣὫĳ
ǵ۾Ҫȫһʱ˲ֻʲô͵˺ⲢûֹĶǽֱӴͷ­͸
Ѫ罦һʱҲΪĶǼѪ˿۾תͷӻֽѪ
һҲⳡô
Цһɱ֮ӤӤѾʲôвڽεһΪĶ֡
ѻһʱ䣬棬ϲŪ׽ֵ
һӣһҪҵһи𡣡
͵۾ʵʵԽȴˮǧ֮Ч۾Ľ򵶵ֱȡҪֻҪиᱻֵնɱ
ļ룬ӤӤŵԲ鿴Ϣ
ò˵˵ʵǿᣬϱ̳ϰٵ˿ڣͷ­ţ˿ڻϡ
̳˿Ҫ̸ףټѾʶϵѪȵѪӤӤָ죬޷ֹס
ڤˮǰ
ڤˮֻ֦һۣҡҡͷƾȥҲҪ˶þҪתڻи֪Щӣûþͻ
롭ҿԡӤӤ֣Ѫ߰ߵ֮ȴ˫֣˿֮Լˡ
ѾνǾֿ滹ҪϳΣв֮ʣڸոͬ۾Ľ֮УûɽΪҪ
ҲǾδϡ
ԼսֻӰյѾǱ㲻罫мĹ̽߻̡

ʶƮӰǰ
ݷ˽ǳصŮӣϴѵŮӣŮͯһɫȹŮ
ʦ㡣
㡣
ŮĿ峺ִֹץ½ǣڿ׽ĳƺ
ڸԶʱԷǵŮ
㩤
ħ㩤
㵱¹ŵģӦԶһݡ
ڣȴڱء
ڶϻ죬ٿؼһ£Ͼ֮ǰ֮һӤӤڣһƬڶ˵
оôºںһԭѾӤӤѪ֪ζʲô
ζš
ûѾ㳹Ϊһ塣Ц㲻ΪԶ˾ܽһУȴ֪˵У㽫Զⲻ֮С
Ľ֣㻹ô


140 
ݺ, 
۾Ӹ¿èץ󣬽һ, ۶, 齣۶, شһѪۣ۵׿ǵ۾ȴ޾⡣
Ҿ㲻, ԱĻӦ֪
һ㲻, Ҳᱳ˫䡣Ҫû䣬˫˫ͻƼޡ
㲻ҪԼȡͻơ
, 
, , ˹ѪĹȾѪ֮ʱΪҡ
ħڣ˿ǵ۾ʱһ嫣һħ, ͥ˿áսپһ
һ˵Ƽž
һֻһ˴Ϸɶ, ȴûбϮ۾ȥǡ
ֱָǼѵ϶

֮սҲ˸߳һ˵͵һ¾ľ, ҡͷԵ˵ȥ
ħٻķ˽˺飬ǿ϶̮, ʶסһ١ǵ۾ҲȻСħ·Ƿ, , ֻһֱȡ۾׼
һħ𣬲׵
̨һ顣
˵һǲĿȻָ⿴ͣߴ˵ȥ
ӤӤӣ˿ڲȴ̲ס͵Ϳﾡ֮
ħ𡭡
ħ˵Ȼνڼƣζ²ס˿ڡЦһĺƽ٣ڵһսߵȴʲôɡ
ΪΪһ壬ȴǱ˳ȥѹɻжһöѡ
Ǵڤˮ֦֪ȫϸڡ
֮ʱ״˻ڵķӡħĴСȻÿһħЩ겢ͬģħÿһתʱǵΪԼΪбУÿһμ䣬ħΪǿһ֡
м䶼ʱħħ𡣵һħͬ۾ƽƽʵмı֮ӵͬ۾һվʵ
ʱ̸֮ߵʱǰһ롣
һȻݣȴʤƽȫ
۾֮Ԥžıѣʼ
죬
µ޿ɱؽĻǷųʽһ߸ù
֮λһ
֮ҲݣԭԸ˳ٱٸԭְԸ˳಻ǿȥҵطӡⷽԭʾõĴ˲ڶ˶Ǵæġ
ⳡƽ֮а˲أԱ밲һɻꡣȥҲ٣λ߱ɣȱ¹ڽУڳܻķѾųԱڳ
ԻڰᣬΪʬ򲢷̺磬ǰվ˳ѩ̹ԼѩѾвҴųɽ
һг䶨ʱᡰ׹ȴڻĮӤӤӤӤ߷һöѡ
ѩƲ⣬֪ĳط˷ֿѡԼֻصķ
ֵֻǣӤӤʱڲҲûͨһģһ
ϾѾԭˡ
ؿջϢɡԱߵһñŮˣºͣĸԵĴȰ㶼һˡ
ˣ̣ĸס
ӤӤҡҡͷǵԼһƽȥ䷱
˼ǣ˼ͬķûд߱ɽ
Ҫǲ͹Сֲˡظļ򣬡ڵӹǿɾڡ
֮ǰҲ𡣡ӤӤһǺúõġ
ӹȻҲӣδ̲סһҵǺȣЩѪ߳ɱֳۼֿݹһӣѪɫδɴģĿֻţߵĲͻһ
ﲡôȥҽƣ
ӤӤıӤӤԼϣǶˣһʱвҲѰ¡
ԭˡ
޵Ҳ̫ˡ
̻ǽӤӤ˿ջЪϢϣӤӤľɲȻ϶С죬ʱͷԥҪҪһڤˮ֦Ӷгһ֮ȴá
ӤӤĺѡ̽Լ첽ߵӤӤߣӤӤѨ
ȻûŮŮϿò־ǸΪѪԾĻ
Ȼô
Լ֮ˣһ㲻ʲô
ǧҲ뵽ܻӤӤأӤӤǰ¹һ껹ݣһ껹ݼص
øǣѪӰ죬ͬǴĻ˾ƺҵ
Ȼֵطôģ˽ʼ·ٿŹʵһҪŹرǰ·ֻ˯Ĵ·ϣ񶼴𡣸־ڶ빣һִæͷ̧
ȻܣһܴжȲӤӤ
ţ̵лһڣȴ˵ѩ̱ǰСָڤˮ֦ڻ̲ǰϬɽ
ȻһϬɽп硣
ڤˮ֦ǵӫȰԼʦ̫࣬ڤˮ֦úƤڤˮ֦ǿӲزӫǲɢΪֹԼƵĳͷ
ѩǰ˾ӤӤΣӹܣ˲ӣԼԱ¡
ôڣ̻һȦûˡ
ȥ϶ˣ罻Σաᡰ׹üۣһӣ
ѳĬڽʱǡҪȥħˡ
ⳡ;ˡ

ӤӤϤǻʹֿԲֹ̾һ˻ȥ
ⲻˣֻˡǰˣ㲻ʲô¡Ц
ûӤӤΪûˣԸоղӤӤߵǸŮͬӤӤһϢȻӤӤܾܿǸŮ˵Ļ
ǵĵһô
۹ȣԼҩԴϢͺˡӤӤߵķѣ׼Ѵʦ㡭
ӤӤ˵ͷ
̹ηҪӹǻʱÿ춼ϼʱֻʼҲûС
˵Ĵʦ㣬Ǵʦô
ɵʡ
ȴһ仰ӤӤ£ӤӤһȵɫףϢ΢ͷ̧æҵظιҩιˮɨöѣȴַ΢΢Ĺ⡣
ǴڼȵĽ͵С
ֶӤӤһ˵ӤӤѣҿȴѵķӦ
ҿˣ𼱣һܷģ𼱣ǧ𼱡ʶסӤӤҪټҿɾǧˡ
ӤӤ˰֣·ŻߣĿ
ӤӤȾ˿ٻ
Ϳ֮£ŨŨ뵡ΪʲôԼõ²λһɳʱ˭λõԭˡ˸ɵĻ
ÿվҪ»ˡ
һյһ꣬һء
Σˡ˻С

ӤӤöѣ߹ϽĮ
֮սԭһɳȻӸƿӡһֻħһսħ౻ĨȥȻǽЩĺƽ٣ƳȥľֵģΨΪħĴš
ʷ֮Уû±īɫ˱Ͷ࣬Ҵ˴ηҲ㲻ùʡ
޷ƷȨƣһȨƵ𡣵ⶼûа취飬ְ𲢲ֻΪ˸ͻ缫֮һ֮Ҫͱ϶
ӤӤйȥһ֪Щ϶ҪܿȫòĻϲ֮磬пܶ޷صĴݻ١
ЩǶæЩѹûʱȥ顣ӤӤͷŷѣ̾Ϣһ
㹻ʱˡڣڽĽǾͽʱ˵ˡ
һָ⣬ûзӦûлش


141 
˵Ĵ޸ޱѸ, ΪѶֺɵ˥ܵȻ޴棬ǰһƬ´硣
ӤӤǰħ硣
ħʱѺ٤£ΪħķṦΰĺ, ̨һʱҲδס, ο̨ʵ߾ַ, ͨǳ¡
ϳڲǰӭ, ħϣħ޲ŷˣʼɻΪħڲǵ, ֱħһ͹㳡ϣһע⡣
ǴڶϾԸɵģԭħ, 綯ʱħҲ˲СӰ, ħ̮ʱתƵݵĹ㳡ϡкܶħڡҪɻʱݰݷ, Ը˱ӻ˳졣
˽ܡ
ԼãӤӤɵЦЦ˵ҵǳˣ
ѵ˵ͷ
˵Ϊĳһʱħħ˵ıò˥
ǷԸִħȨҺ٤ޱػˡΪ˱⻰Ƶֵֹķ, Ѻܿἰ¡
ħڿٻָ, Ⱥ̫ãǵħһһڷ˻, ĳ̶ֳ˱ʸִħ֮ˡ
Ҫִħ, ħɾδ̫ƽˡӤӤ첽µ, µи·ϲ彫ڵȺ, һӤӤߺɽ
ݼħˣݼˡ
٤ӤӤħǰ˫˵Ĺģһ棬ӤӤ֪Ǹŷѵλã㽫ѷϣԼһࡣ
ħߵŰݡ
ڳĶǷ𲿵ħܶ˵ףʶֶΡħǿΪЩħͶأټͷϸҸħ棬Ƕʱħӵħ
ڵħ˲Ӱʱ򣬻ħڱ󸹷ħķ˶ϧԺõķȥȥ
ȻӤӤԸִħ磬ʵԼ뷨
ǵĵͼпһŵͼǹħ֮ȦضоͰڵĵؽ硣
Ȼ룬Щ飬ҲڲС
ŹҪַħķԷԽԽ࣬Ǽ֮ǰҪħ֮λʱħӡȻҪƽ⣬ǾӦµƽ档
֪Ӻʱ޵ͶƵĵ彥ˣ˵ʲôħ塭嵹ǿ⣬ħ񲢲ʡûħʮ˥ߣػἳȡıԴʱ򷲼ĵҲʣ١
һԼΪȿǵġ
ħһλֳĽΪ⣬ħ֮һѪ͸ĵħһЩһͷ˴ϣǱһͬ
һСӰƻİš
ⳡ֮ʽȺòȻս֮ǰһҪ

ʲôڣϾϵԴպͿ˰ɣ
ѩһӣŵԶ˳ȥʱֳҲֻӦ
Զ׼ҪսϢ˵ؿһѩ𣬡㲻Ҳ翴ǲ˳ô
Ų棬ܸСƽϣǾС֮ƽˡ
̷еĿ̵ѩͷȻЩ겢ûг֣ҲûлͬӤӤһΣգĻһֱӤӤڵ֮УӤӤʲôһЩġ
ȺϲĽϼڴͷﶯֽţҪֱӤӤӤӤ֮ܲˣֻһͨӵߣֻǵ֡
֮мÿһ͵ᶼвֵڷٷÿζ˵⣬ǲ⣬ҲֻԼûлȨСֻѡ
ǿ̰ᡭָʻ㲻Ѿõ磬żϴϴҲǻ¡

ӤӤȥѡˡ
֮ˣӵʤ֮һǣִܶתƽ⡣
飬Ҫֶ
ΰȴҪɱţתЦ
֮Ըܸ泾֮£ҽҩҲ鵤ҩͨˡǰ⣬ߡǹû¸Լ鷳˵ǰˡӤӤʼ磬ҾǺߡ
ǻġֱӳϣǲҡ
˲裬ƵӤӤǰӤӤ֪ҩ裬ڿɬظ٣ҲֻúȥӦִħ磬һ߲ӿɸɲ˴¡
ǰʱ޹ڷħϣӦҪҸ
ӤӤӹһҳӲӵĸ֣׭дšħʷ
޶൱֮Ű൱֮ɣֻ
繣ɫ㡣
ӫ󡣡ӤӤҧгݵ˵һ֡
⻭磬ʴӫ֮⻹˭
Ϊ˽ħˣ⾹Ȼϡ
ֱд

ǵ񽫾߱ѾƽƵŵؽ磬һŮõ񽫾³˿ͷ
٤˽սȴӤӤ̧һֻ֣ʾ֮⡣
٤ֻĬȻһԡ
¹Դħͬλ˸ΪᡣʱӤӤһŷѣָ⵭ƣҺŷѡ
ǳЦȻ˷̬ǡý֯һϸָűīֽһӤ֡
٤ϳƱħֻ֮ǰ塣
ˡӤӤ̧ͷ٤ޣǸˣ֪˭
кܶΪ飬ԶԶûн
ӤӤ±ʣǧ
ǡħˣ
񽫾Ӫ֮Уħͷ죬۷׷ס
ԭһ·ƽƵģȴ빥һȴ˴죬ǽڽڰˣǱ
ȴîһɾܶ飬㹥ɣҲҪ˺ӡ
ʱ񽫾һ߲һ籴õ񽫾ƣ񽫾ΪĳҲһأħѪɣȴδմȾֺѪɫ
ۿŵ񽫾Ҫǰͷ­ʱٿһ˿ƮסǸ籡

ӤӤվ˳硣
ɺսɱֻӣĳеһɱ¾ܴӦķ
ӤӤϳˣת¹ϣԭóȡ
㾹Ȼֱ䣬㡪񽫾ӤӤӤӤֱҪȥƴȴ˿ûֻһӣͽȷײһԵĴϡ
ҲɡɱӤӤȻʷųꡣ
ħŮ˼֮޲ᣬħŮһ֮סš
Ҳõģһսɱ⡣ֻǵ˿͸ŮӵอŮӵή볾ʱһͷȻ
һ
̧ͷʱȻһŮƽؽո˵Ľ۵ס
Ұˡһʬ뻳С
ӤӤһ̵ֱɵʣǰû뵽Ҫߵʱô
ߵʱ䣬ܾܿͲĽ֮գǲ֮壬岻ǰٰתʱصȥ˵վĻ硣
̶ʱ֮һЩ˵¡
ߵʱգ˳Ӧʱ̻ڣһҲֻɹתĺá
ڼηηβżսá̧˽ηηǰͶ֮Թȫ
Ѿ͸ˡ
仰üԶԶݶ˿ڸıġ


142 
ϴʮꡣ
Ʒ, ʣʮؽӴ籾ԴʱӤӤ֪类жء
ʽ΢ϡʱݱɵ˥, ˲ֶζ˱Դ, άתĸ, ̺ȳ棬ȡҩһСͨ˷, Ҳܽͨǿͳɾš
Ƶ˶·ѺΪʮͻƵ߰˽, ȴ֪ǺܾǰҪԽſܵľ硣
ӤӤվһݽߵǰָ۵ġ
ĸ׶Դô̡
ڤڤ֮йϵ, ı編, ÷ָ֮, ķָ֮ҲΪʲôȫޣҲûнļ޸ԭ
ȥ߲˺пܳ϶ԭ˻ǣϧ, ֶһ, ϵ־Ͳһˡ
ˡʱķӣǧٿ, ķҲбӣ֮һʥɢ, ʱ֮һʥķ, صֻ˺ͽڡ
ЩҪǱֲ, ǧ˵ָܻһ֪̽̾һʱɱȺˡ
Ժν⣿
ʱѣð˵ķĻˡ
û˻ɵϣֻЩ߽˭ŭϲԣϾַӣʼպڤڤ֮ʲôϵһѣûϲֻάƽ⡣δԲ˲֮ʱҲԼԼľϡ
֮ˣΪ¹ĳ̶ֳϣΪݽӳ˰ʱ䡣ָ⸧ݽߵɽ˸ԼԼɫۼεıѾ˥ߵ۲ľء
ֹһҪҲûõȥֻдڼƫԶĵطǿʵĹ壬Ҳһѡ
ڣ̨ǲֹʵķ׳ԼӤӤԼĵıʷȷĳʱڣųʱһ֮ٹ꣬ſȥҲƽƽ档ں̨ɵĵΪɱԭļѣһԱԽ͹ɵӹµ
ΪǷˮصķˣǵȴάϵƽ
ҲΪηʼûжԭ򣬷ԭħ֮صƽħӣħʢ˥Ϸ˵ķ
תΪֻʱڷзʱԽǰһֻмоԽҪʱпһȫµĸ塣һħԹȻƣϸȴֽȻͬ
ӤӤ
кܶ໰ֱ壬Ϊ¶뽫ں󷽣գܽԽԽԶϧֿôô
ЩˣǱҲ޴׷ʱ뾿ʲôӤӤǾ䡰Ҳϣա򵥵Ļܸоڳִؾ֮ӦÿʲôϺӤӤֿ
ЩҲȥܶγִؾһưܵħڻǰʼûܿһֻ֣зħܿģħε
ʩҽӡӤӤ̸ͬҲԼҪȥΪ֮һĴУֹȻĵڷ棬ֻæ
Ҫ޸Ҫıô֮·ȥӤӤԴ˼
վ¶ģָ̨
вԸ齵߷׷ǰ̨ѣ̨޽һʯϣȻҲ˥ˣ׻ǻԻ͹̨꣬Χв㾫ӤӤǵ̨ѹʣûħ幥̨
䴩ϣں̨忪ǻʱ
ʽ΢ջẰںźԿħ磬ҲŵħԸں̨ţССҲֵܱϾҲܹͷСѹե
һҹħ̨
ʱӤӤڶǰߴص߱ǰ綹ӳ۵ףںڵĻ档
ûжΪһ˵ʲôôӤӤŷɴŵħŲ֪Ͳסˡ
ͻƼ޶֮˽رյͨûã֮Уĳ̶ֳϿһҲøˡ
㣬õȴʦ֮ԼСûˡϰԵ̽ӤӤüͷһ壬ʣ
ӤӤ˵ͷ
һΣμԼһƬ˥ܻ֮أããǿݹǳɳҷҵò
ǰ·;У߲ѣ
ģʵѰƳӤӤϵһյ͵ƣ΢һ£ϴҹʱûյƣ
ղǱġ˵ҪһղеķʯǾЩĵһȥҹƹͲۣŻ
ᣬǶȻϧģΪԼ߷ܶ๶һʱ䣬ЩȽϺá
ʱ٤ǰһ£ӤӤֻóŽӴЩħڴ֮Ϥİףħ磬ӤӤһһ
ɢѾҹӤӤƣ벻٤޺һ޵޵֮һյ͵ƣƻ
ӭǰӹӤӤӤӤ뿿У˹ȥ٤ҪҪħҽǰֹˡϳݣǵħʱϵҪãӦһĺ
һյ͵⡣ӤӤش齣ιӤӤҩӤӤ־˼֣ҲӦյ͵˳ȥٻʱȴӤӤ²֪
û֮ӤӤֻһͨˣоӵĲϣһ־Ƕͨ˺͵ͽΣ˼ݡ˼ݶħΪ׺ͣؾ֮СҲΪ˱Χ˼ݸͨ˴šҪӤӤ˼ˣò˵˼ֲ൱õѡ
û֮ӤӤͨ˺ܻôȫҩΪʵҪ˵Ҳֻǻ¹֮֮ʱٺ治һ֮֮ͣһ˲ܲᷢʱ䶯ҲԽ֮ãӤӤҶġ
ħ˲صܿ촫ħ磬׷ǰȥ̽ӣԱ˻ȥʵħ֢һ£дħ˽һʱħ紫÷׷ңħĻ̡̻
ٲȺħľأٲ뵱ĸӶᣬգȻħս̫ƽӣ˭Σķ֮жգ
նƽתͷ㿴ӤӤϣбķѣɫܿһѪ˿
ôˣúô첽߹ȥҪӤӤɻȥӤӤȴƿ֡
һֱ˷򡭡Ȼ׸ģǳĿġƷô
ʱߵ֮ǰ޵ʱ򣬳ʱߵĿĴʲһʱҲûʲôʵŤתǬá
ϾͷΨ۾ս൱ħͬ۾һսڵߵʱ֮ǰħĹϵƺôˮݡ
ѵǡ
ôôɺϵ飿
·һӤӤǰͬˡʱڡִ֮ˣ˾ʱ̾һƿ֮һֱΪڡ
֮һƱ֮δȫɢ


143 
֮һ, е޲ָһ˩
ǱԱĳ
ôҲΪ׼ԼˣԳͨԿ֮ģԼ, Ϊħط, ϸϸ˼, мֲζ
ӤӤԼҲܣ˱, һǿֻǿܣ֣޹ȥδ, Ȼ˥ǣûлж
оǰΪʬ
ʱ׷ң˷, ¶ֻصı֮, ûйЩ, ϸкܶںɵ㡣кܶϸڴʱҲ
ֻͫһ˫ͫס
֮ˣλĸǺ, ȱǽת, ˣӫ, Ψûʲôĵط
ĪǰҵʵǳĿ֮
ǵõڴһϳʱ򣬳ֵĵطһƬ˼ݵؾ, Ȼǽ˼һǿǣǿ, Ƕͳ, òһɡ
Ѱһ̸ף
Դ֮ٲȻ˵ȥĳ˾ưᣬܵظ˾תֻأӡΪǣ벻ֻأظһ·߲ͨ
Ҳֻѯڤˮ֦ᡰ׹ǡ
һ˾ǧٲݣһ˾Ʒɳ߶ܵÿһˣŻ֪ҵ䡣
ɵȥݷʱ򣬶Դȫɲ꣬ӤӤƲ֪Щʲôֻǲϸѡ
û취ֻ뿪Ϭɽ߳ʱȥ
ڻûжô̿еķѣһ䡣
ӤӤҡҡͷ
ѩöʱҲϰʱ䡣һʱҪסħ粻ϰߣסҲǿԵġ
ӤӤǿؾܾˡ
Լνѩ̶ӵˣǹڣһţɵӣٻصʦȥͬŵĻǣٻȻڱָָ㡣
ҲȵӤӤ˵
»صӤӤԼĿӤӤ󲿷ദʱ䶼ڣħֻǶ̶̼ꡣڸܴʹǰ
ǻ䲻ħһֱűã֪ܻΪֹ
ӤӤǰģԸԼǿˣҲޱԼҪʲôżʧ򣬵Ҳܿһܵıʵ̫˼ȣꡣ
ǲ꣬Ҳ˼ʮ֮꣬ǰûˡ
ֻһֱƷһһ͵Ͳಡգǰô·ϴ˷磬ټϾɼδĲԽϷŸȣﶼǱǿйҩĿ࣬յԺŷѣԽЩ鲡Խ׺ãɫʱѾһ괺ˡ
СԺ֮Ϸ֣ǣӭŴģľި֦ѾݺᣬӤӤź֪ǻ
㲡̫ħ簾ȥŰˡڤˮ֦߽һӤӤɫԭһ纮Ӳϳ֢һȥӤӤݵýֻʣһѹͷϴϾѪɫһҺ£Ż
ӤӤص˵ͷĿߵķϣ̧ϴֲڵ·žŵ΢˼֡
Ҳụ̂Ȼ̵Ƣԣ˵ħǡڤˮ֦ϵҩҩˣڻû䡣
ˡ
ӤӤӹҩһ
û˭ŲҩЩ궼ôˣٿػȴһΡ
ڤˮ֦ӤӤ۵˸飬ĬĬת˳ȥӤӤзǿȴέ
Щúõعħͳ»ָǧǰ綦ƺ⡣֮ҲûʲôһҶ󣬸ӿֳһЩƽͨûɲҩҲʼУ߶ħһҲȥɱ
֮һжڱá
ʱҺϣһΡӤӤѱڻУѰӦȴΪһߣ˵֪ⲻʱֲǺܱˣȷߡ
㣬´μ棬ɲǽˡ
֪ôƺоеķ΢΢һ¡
ܿ˳ļߣݵľһĻþ
Щָѿϣѿÿһ·ƣԭİ͹ƽĥޱȹ⻬ͷûѪɫĴöѡһȥļһ
˵һֻС񣿻ǻǸСӤأ
ѷڻУѧĸӣϵطŷѡʱڿ٣ûñҪЪһЪʵһĸ׵ࡣ
ʱӤӤоƬ̡
ͷ߸𣬲ָѿǣĴڷ֮ȷʵɶ·һƴѵǶ
ӤӤţָҵѿȥʱָŵĵطǼ𶯸ԡԵٲ룬Ҳ֪ǶĻӦ
㡣
ϲ˷ܵսеҲлֲ̿Լδ֪ǰ·Ŀ־塣֮е·ҲĬƬ̺ٶѿǣ㾡ȫҪѶһ㡣
Ǳܿ측Ѻۡ
һϸ˿ƵǶβϡ


144 
Ԥϲ, ճǵֻһֻɫСˣβëûһС, ϲָ, ӤӤͷһš
ħ簲, Ѻ٤ศֻҪάֵƶȾͺ, ҲҪ١
㽻ħ֮ӡҸɽоܻ֮Ͱڡ
ףӹʵ̫, ӫ󿴲ȥ첡زκøʬ
ÿÿʱ, С˶Լë, ĵȫѪ߰, ҪԼѪιӤӤ
ӤӤͺëˣ̾һȴֲָҲֻϸ˿ڡС˽жһֻǶ, ʱʱüĴ
ȻӤӤ֪ʱûоѼ, Свţ᷺ܻصĿС
ӵĵطǸСɽ, ɽˮ㣬紾ӡʱһϼ, ҲС, һ, 纳ɷ٣һװεӹ̶ϲ֬ˮɫȺֻһĹвСƯڳʱ򶼻һЩ
ĴŸףԱһһˡǲ˵׵ǷԼܣصԭ򣬵С˺ݺҧ˳ȥǲ֪ǷˣֻΪǸƯŴžͱƯһֻ˾ˣ߾д˻ڷ
һӤӤһϼ·òСС
Ҫһ÷⣬һ衣·һ̯ЦԲ販ʿ
販ʿæͲӤӤһ㣬̧ͷȥϼİڶ࣬ﲻ
Ǳæܸ͵üϾȴҲǴ֮¡
翻ָֻһеСѾʱе÷͵Եһɶϵĸĩ͵ĲԼ
ӤӤǵ֮ǰЩ㲢ûжƫš
ӤӤһ˼ζһ飬ιߣȴʹţѲӶҪë棬ǲԡ
ĪǸոն̫ˣ
ӤӤóһҲϲЩĵĽۣ÷ŵҧһСڣ촽һۣոջ֮ΨֲСһʱֱӽеĸӲ˻ȥ·ֱŲȥҭų򣬱ӤӤ˺üˮŰѿɤĸȥ
ӤӤ
è㡣
Թ㣬ӤӤС˻ӣջӵڵţѩĽ̲ձᵽǱȥ
ֽ̿ʣ
ӤӤʵǺó黭ħôãÿÿʱйҪѡ٤޶λֲѣħȫЧħģֻǴΪִ
ʱħϵţԭĽŹϵҲٷֻǻһûǱ糹͡
ӦýȥԭͶħѾŭħͣƫ̻硣һħĴᣬħĴ壬ֶΪ
īʱһֱԱ߸ң˵СצӲīУʹպպֽⲽӡһ·צӡ
ӤӤȻʧЦתƳС˵βҲմŨڵīˮβһɨһɨֽŶǡӤӤֻ÷±ʣС˱
ԡ֮ʢһˮӤӤҪŽȥȴţǲḡˮϲԼëŪʪ͸צֱϵȥץӳ׺ۣӤӤֻһסС˵ĽţС˵βëﰴ
ǣС˱īˮȾŨڵβϣƺֱϱųˣСƬ̣ϴצӺβ͡
ӤӤС˴ˮ̳һһûСëɣһʪܺһкƣ벻һɣĿЪϢƬ̣оС˷˹ɵزġ
ɵ˯ѺȴһҷɵëӤӤʱ˯ȫ
СһԼϵëòƯβͺ˴ëԵѪ飬ò̧ͷӤӤҰһֿʼë
ӤӤæС˵ԲΪùҩ࣬һС˵ĳͿҩС˿ֱϱԼӳ֤βը˿ۿСһҪԼëӤӤֻû˼խ£ñ̼
㰡ûܰǼëʲôºãֵС²ӤӤ·ץĳҩ߶߶ţԼ߶߶Ӿ̫̫
תһ룬ʮʮ꣬񲻾ѾǸ̫̫
ţۣװװ
С˺ܲ߶๴סĴһ߼нȴֿպһǡܵķΧ䣬ɾǲ˵
ӤӤûСʱӡм֮һֱԳȴʦҪιҲ֪Եʱ
ȷ˵ڿ飬һһûһһԵšĵӿݣеĵطԭ֡
ӤӤ᲻˵ֻýصһһպãħצ
վǶಡģʱԲڴʱҲʱ˶ץȥ޲϶ˣֻһ߹ȥһҹǿ֧ŲȥҩȴСһζһζҩĶҩٲݻذ
·ͼ֮еĳֳ֯
ǵɽʧܱԭʱҲķ˱ιҩһһ㰾š
ӤӤͷһĵӿΧתȴͷɬ˵֪Ҳáʱķ˻ֻǼСͯûм䣬ĻҲġ
Ƭ̺Сץҩ룬һɵǰ
ʶӹҩ룬ҩ¶ȸոպãһʱɲûкȣСų̽ͷҪȥǿҩ๵Ĵ䣬̽Ե̽ʵ̫СһҲβҩҪǾǿһһΡ
ҺȾˡӤӤȸҩæϴţС굽չǽԼһűӣθϡ
ů޵ɢӤӤĺܿС
ʱͷˬ˲٣Ҳȥֻܣˮ׼ԡһԡͰ֮Ƭֻ̣ʲôڣӤӤˮһ̣ǻʪ͸Ĭˡ
֮һӣÿεϴʱӱС˵Ĺޡ


145 
Ƽ, 
תȥӤӤһ˯Լߵķ˲, ȡ֮һ۵СŮʱ, ֪Լˡ
ڵѩ, һ֮ǰѩڤˮ֦˻ȥһ
ӤӤûܳ͡
֪շֱ, Žһ£Լ᲻áɽţͷԼѾ, շת
ֲԺ󲻼ˡſڵַһ, ȻӤӤߵ, ̾һ, ȵʮ֮󣬻߾꣬˵ʮͻ½Ѽ䡣ֲЩʱ䡣
ӤӤ˵ͷ»Ϣ
ַھкߣȻѩѾ͵, ѩͨʵڲزסһʮʮ, ڰʮ˴嶼֪иǶӵòټղϲ, ӤӤ˵˵ܿ촫￪бۡ
˵ŵʱټ, ӤӤ׻зŲ, һ¾׻ѹ¡ûӤӤ㲡²˴, ֪ĲֻôӦã͵͵ȥ
Ĳҩҽ廹ϵˡ⻰һӤӤپⲡ˴룬ˮײԭջһ˽ڤ硣
ӫ󿴲ȥæȻӫҲòȥǿܹ
ӤӤԼ鷳ģһȺóԺȵźһʳʵ̫Ϊˡֲ̫뿪ˣҪֻһʵ̫̫Ѱˡ
һֻصֻԼԼǸţһסˡ³壬պ÷´ѽڣǸͷ
ΪͿʼ׼չŷһ֦ļתͷĻҲ֮áһ峣֮˻ĵΣѩһ֦ʱ
￴ʱһ˿ϣתʱֻǶϣŹֲġǻ֮רңеİƷ˿һ۱㷢⡣
ǲݣȡصĲݣĶУԭѡ⡣ֶ𻨺÷Ƕϻ䲦˻ȥֻصǲݣֻоһˡ
ӤӤ;Щ飬һֽȥŪزǲݡȻǲΪͨأûֲײĻ
ĸ׺ʦĹϵΪλỹأӤӤɵʡ
ôҪˡش𣬡ǺеûССѾ֮ͬеٮٮߡ
֪ӤӤıеôˣûлҲʵЩ޾ϸظӤӤ
һתеǰ꣬ͶľѩһģСﳤܸоλص˰ǰĹ
뵽֮ǰĹ⾰뵽һǱƵ顣һͬӤӤʱ˲ΣҪʱʧڱ˾綾ӤӤҲڶӤӤǲֻܷصģֻǲķĥ
ڳͶ죬׻Թ޵ģȻδ͸ҲǿԱһΡδɢվٲǧǰԴԱ۾£Ҳйƫƫ֮һļ̳ߣһнֻڵƽ⣬ֻҪһֱӲ׷õİš
̺ӤӤߣţԺߣǽվżСˣ¢ǻʮʱϵ׽ݣ˵һƬ٣̵ÿɰۡ
ǽһӣ٣һԲѣ˳ժһŵﳢζٿؾơ
Ȼڤˮ֦
鵽˳ټȻ۶ʥ֮в֮»Ƿˡڤˮ֦˸ӣ˭в
ǰѩĪᡣ
ǰ̡ڤˮ֦ɴ˵ҵʱպ̺ͳǢ̸˵֮ȰĿֻΪǧͰԺ󡣲а̿˵֮ǰʱתһΣ˺ͳԹ齻̾ͺá
Ҳǲˡ
ЩȥͬеʱҪ˳̾ԼӦӦЩ滻ʱȻġ
ӤӤЩ굹Ҳܼǿǵõ󣬰ѩЩˡڤˮ֦ڻЩ飬ӤӤǹ;·ģ£޹һ֮Ǹʲôʲôȥˡ

Ŵٰ죬ֻ¢ϵʷٲݡ˥Ҳǳ£ʮȻڣҲΪеɣٲԭҲ˥ĻڡɽȺ̨̨ˮ·ҵʮ꼷ռԭռ̵ļһţʣµıڵıڣֻ˵ꡣ
Ŵϣ۵ȻһŮͷϲһ÷ƣվ̨֮ϴӦս˿ɵС
˵λǵĵһţпܳΪͻƾŽ׵һˡϾڷ֮սǺܿ췢ͻƾŽ߼ǲ֪֮ǰ֮Զ࣬ΪںȨһŽǿߡ֮˸ʶŽԭһңɼĵȼ츳㡢࣬ȱһɣ߾ȫǲһǰ㣬ҲǾŽңɼ
ǰλŮʮͻ˰˽ף˾ŽױԵš
վӤӤȺкһȻûܿǵܳϯôҲͨˣû˻ǵݡ
ʦٶȱԭҪϲ١̨ϵŮֳһоѣʱϡ뵽ĳˡ
ڻڹǰæýͷöһʱɵðЦˡ
ôѶĽ¼£ĹĵЩըëǻЦ
Цʲôϰٸڹĥüɿܵε۾Цֵʡ
˻ع飬ʵǴϲ֮¡
°Ƭ̣㴫٣֮һգӭӹˡ

ʱ䶸
ԭɾ֮ƶȻɢȥȡ֮յħΡ
Ʊοգɫ谵Ʋī̻һʱϿԣɳʯ̨Ϊƫ͵߱Ŷڵϣͷ̧
ӤӤһᣬһ˫̽ת˲̵̨Ͽա
ǰŮü֮иŵ壬һӹ䣬ԭޱȵĻʱħ𣬽ʶϮĸ¡
İôѸ£֮¶ѡ
һ䣬ҷϯأ˽治ֱӣħ֮ΣٵͷϣħɢȥʱһƬŮʧոշһлһþ
׼ꡣѩվڲԶһɽϣŴᾡ۵ףںˣûȥĶȥˡ̣ǵҲҪعˡ
̻˻ڵĻɴ֮Цᡣ
Ѿǧ࣬ٵϸҲ١
ɲУ
ѩ̧ͷѿڶˮĿ֮С
ðɣǶ㡣


146 
΢, ǽϵӰ繣˿߷ɡ
ӤӤؿźɫ˿߲סףһĲ, δ, ĳƵ, Ħľ䡣
΢һɪվǳЦ⣺
, ˡ
ʵҪ硣
֪
ӤӤĿһշʱõĻװøû, ľϲǰųġ
ʮʮ꣬Ҳȵˡ
ӤӤ߻, ںڰ֮, ԭǣĸо, ûʹþֻǿŵֱȥĴһʱҴʱǵĲǼӲȴַ·档
Ǹ, ӤӤ
ǾĵǸ, ϡ
ӤӤͷ¶ָת, ȫûоʱǲӤӤϵĺѾ, ֻһ, Ǻȵزϡ
˿Ǵڷֳ, ׸ĻһЩ
˭㱾²أ
ӤӤں֮Цˡ

ӤӤֻܽһħ֮
оҪӤӤʱһ
֮¡
֪ħǶħˣʲӤӤϣ̧ͷǹĲת½󣬡ҪȥĻҲһ𡣡
Ըⵣ
һħ֮´۷׷ףһ飬ʮǰһ֮սսħֱͬǳѩµĵӡ
ֻضûء
ͬһȺƨҷţҪ֪겻ǵľһڲǵĻһħҲħˣ˵ձʦéӤӤ
˵λħͬãʵԴ⣬һ˿ɴ̸ЦҪȻ˶겻˭ħһ챻ץߵŮӣۼϳݣǶδӤӤڳڶ࣬˭ҲûӤӤϵħ
ӤӤҲУ˵ӵм»֮һôһûУһȶԴ۷׷ףûһȥ̽⾿ôһµġ
ǶΪħλ֮缴ӭңＯ׼ӦսмõеһԲºһӰƮȻ룬һܺȥڳ߰˽׵ǿߣһҲûͻȻĵʲôεΪ
Ҳͬһ죬ȫͷɶӵͬһܺ
ȱôڿܺͬʱסǧ֮ǰδ֡
ǺӰƬ̣ſλǧ֮ǰ˾סȴӤ̡
޻۵ǳЦڣһյƵǰѩ࣬Ҽǵ㵱ϲ
޻δ֮ǰ˺ϻڳкϻڳԹɫסÿһ˵ϲúϰߣԴĽ˽ϡ޻йĿ֮ܣǵס˶ϲá
ڵ޻һ㩤鲢飬鲢飬飬飬ͬǶ顣
ƴ˾޻ŵ֤˵ĳʥʱסϣⱻ֡
ע⵽޻һƯŮӣŮӶׯлȣݿȥΪ졣
ǡᡰ׹ǣٿĳξ֮£ԽŮԽ졣
ᡰ׹ǵ˵ͷڤˮϾͻȱˡ
֪Լ߲ˡڤˮ֦Ļһ۾ʱǵ˵ͷȥ١
ӵͷӤӤӣ۵ޱ飬ҪӤӤûޱ֮С
ڴ֮Уֺĸˣ֪ǰһתԲӤӤ֮ԶӱܵһʱӱʱɽӤӤƵԽԽԶϸӤӤΡ
ӤӤȴÿÿⲻȥ
ӤӤԭڵ磬Ҳûл֮壬ǿһ֧벡壬˸ո˸ħ磬ּʱ˳˿ûж̰λȨء
ӤӤһЩ֪޷ֲӤӤĿǷֻܾȥ
㻹ײˣҪǲ׵ĻҾȥˡӤӤգգ۾ʡ
ոܾãʼնûȥʲôһӤӤԼܴؿߴš
Ҫ㲻Ļͱˡ
ӤӤָһݳ˿ɾʱһ߬סֽ֣˳ϣ۵ˮɣƶܵϣŷͿơ
ӤӤҡ
㣬ҡ
ӤӤĻǻߣ·ڤڤ֮еĳ룬ԼһͬԨȪ
ˮ΢
ӤӤţһţͣȴӤӤƽϢ˵Ȼǲҵģ뽫˱뻳һ㡣ȴʱȻ߬
Һ֮ŮɫȻ΢ʹ˵͵͵ĺһֱţʼûɿ
ע⵽ӤӤƺĨ֬ۡ
ǵǰӤӤûͿ֬Ĩ۵ϰߡ
ӤӤ޷ͣûñ˯˹ȥˮ裬ϸϸӤӤжŨױ
ӤӤëʶ
ױȫжµʱӤӤɫԵ㲣˫պŨϼѪɫİףԭǰɫȻ޴棬ȡ֮ǲ̬ġ
˯֮ʶҪѹϵƿıһˮ裬ӤӤӤӤ˯
ߣ𡭡
еŮ˺Ȼ٣һҵĿԣоԼסǱˮ֮סǰһݡ
ûµģոֻجΡӤӤ۾۱ŵɫϰԵذοţجδֻӹţܵġ
ܿ죬ȣžúЩǺιˮֻܰر˳˳˵
ɵఴĳԳò˵Լ˼ʱȴӤӤϸĲ⡣
Σ֮ǰǲǴ˲٣
ڵһº㡭
ӤӤһȻ̬ȣϾڻȫ

ͰܿûбӤӤǣűӴߣЩҲôҼǵСʱʣһʾͻļ¡
˵ȥˣӤӤƫƫͷ˿ɢ䣬ͷ
ϰˡЩаʱҩҲ˱Ųųԡ֮ĵطȥˣֻһܳ룬ʱҵĺܣҲҳ֮תһ
Ϊң
ֹ㡣ħô£Ҫģеڻʱһ̯ӡǲ֪ʦЩ궼ôġӤӤ̫죬ֿ˼ͷ̧ϢԽ٣ϣԼ˫յκȸղŸʢ֣￪һ۽ǵСڲ԰׵۶ġ
ʱ֮Ϣĸоܱ׵ԹȥܱجҪǿϺܶࡣ
ʵΪ˼̳еһ׼άƽ⡣˵ʲôҪˣҲǣֻΪ߷νƽ飬Եǲǲħֶǲķ롣
ħս꣬մȾҵϣÿÿܻԹſȻλκβʲôȻɱľǶ֮ˡ֪֮ֻ֪ǵӤӤ磬ִħս¾ͬ塣
ֻۣһ͵ϢӴ룬ſ̰˱ţݽߵǻӯ
˴֮΢ѪԼĲ
֮ҧ⡣
Ѫת֮ǰһֹ̡
գ̸ھС
ӤӤԭӲãͲȥμⳡ̸ˣκȥҲֻױǰȥ
Ůһ£÷ֻվ˶پޱߣһʱֱĿ⡣
ӤӤһѣع
̸֮ؾͶħ֮һ˾ųȶӴֲò°ħ֮˵Ůǰ裬ԺɫƵļųҲҶ࿴һۡ
ʱħ롣
ճȥվǽԼζħ²飬ħǰտµĺ̶ͨͨȥӰ١
챾λֻλ֤֤ħƽһ¡׵Ĳ裬ģغһڣ˶һֻۣŵŵȥ
ħǰһ䷴Ļ˵ԵʵлȨ
ֻһҪ壬̸Ǳ˼Ǳ˵˼
֮ӤӤΰԼǫ̃˳æסλԼվӤӤ
дҽ߼ӤӤ󾪣ӤӤڲҲħ֮ۿɼಡۿŻ˶졭ǾǱһ˴ħ仨ˮ⵽ô£
˶ˣķʶλһ£ҩķ滹λҪӦͨ·ӽΪǣֱм
Ȼ⻰˵Ưž˭ҪǲǻᱻǳġǼԳҩΪŵϻҪУҷԡ
һ̸Ѻõ½ˣɢ֮һֻǰɹ
ħ価ԴͨѶ»صʱ
֪ħ֮⼸ʮ˷ӤӤɴѶ֮ƹ㵽£ûİҲͨʯΪýʹôѶ
һĹ㷺ʹøħƸħ̶̼ʮʱϰŻ۵ķ١
˵ˣӦźأ
ӤӤ룬΢΢һЦ
Ҽ֮ôãûж˭أҪҪһ
ʱӤӤյ࣬ɫ˫
𣬸ꡣ


 


147 
, ӤӤһһȺСħε̻֮
ȺСħѧ֮ھ֮ʢУһĶֻһ˸ɼҲ, ʶ㶯˽򵥵ĻСħǵ˼
̶ԴҲʾ޳, һĻӦñ, Ǻ¡
ʶӤӤħ翪˽ãһҪѧϰСħڸƽǰ, ħҲܿɱ棬ѧħĿǰ淨
˷ˣôһСħ˸߲ҵؽԼеĻūݸӤӤ, ӤӤЦ佱һ䣬Ƴ٤վڽţ֪ҪҪ˵, ʶСħǷ˿Ρ
Сħǻϲܳȥظ, ӤӤ߳£
ԳƷ˹ʽ٤޶˶, Գ鼧һȵĹ
鼧ᡰ׹ǣ
ӤӤɺ첽Ӵᡰ׹ǵᡣʱΧΧ˿ֵСħᡰ׹ϵγʶӤӤҲɵø̾ᡰ׹ǵǺƢʱҲ˿ŭݡ
Ҫ֪ᡰ׹һλմԹ, һɵ˶硣ӤӤǲɢСħ, ᡰ׹⡣
ʹʹɳԨлתᡰ׹ǶӤӤ̬ȿƹ, ϾһɳԨȻɢҪǺö˶ת벻ӤӤ֮, ᡰ׹¶ӤӤĶм
ᡰ׹ǺԼ, ǰ˱, ᡰ׹дӤӤ˽ﻹԼĹϵ
ҽǰǶ˹ҳﻮͻǣɳԨǰȥת
ᡰ׹ЦЦҪ°ݡӤӤæס˵䣬Ӵʹڻᡰ׹ò衣
ᡰ׹֪ӤӤĹϵΪܣôţĿѾﵽԶ˸ǣԼʱһɳԨ
ʱɳԨ걻˷ӡѾ𽥻ָԭ߹ɳӳĶϱڲԫᡰ׹ڷ¡
ϸǣŮ٣ɳи߰
·ֻصɳԨֵȺϢĻ´磬
ôϣǰ׹ɽɳֻһجΡ

صع
޻ųƣһͷҪȥ
ȻھʱлԼɳԨĸûҲ֮ʹİ·ˡֻ޻֪ʱ޻ԭҲɳԨӦΪɳԨĺ¾
ֻᡰ׹Լ޻Ļر㣬ɵҪȥʵʱ޻־𣬲û˼
ҸղȥӤӤˣ˵ͻᡰ׹ڣ뽫ͻǾٰʢһЩô
µδ˾һְЩյµ뷨ͺá
ͻ裬߹Ķɻ֮衣ᡰ׹ţҲȷҪҪϸ˵
ɻ֮ɳԨͻ߹ɻ֮裬һֻлʼлʹãͨ˲ûʸɳԨļ˾öɻ֮Сɻ껰Ȩڼ˾СɳԨ֮裬ҲΪ˾һɻ衣
ֻһɻ֮Ҫ˫֣ɳԨ񣬳֮Ҳֻһ޻Щȷ޻᲻Ӧӽð
ûΪޱ÷֮ǰҲС΢СĲзֺ©֮Ϊء޻Ǽ˾Ƿְ֮ĵĻͬɥ죬վǻò˱ܻ䡣
ǵԸ⣬ĳӦ㡣޻һ£ĳ֪ɻ֮衣
ҿԽ㡣ᡰ׹ǵ

֮´ĮããʱɳͣЪֻһ£ǳ
ԫż֮ϣ廪ŮȻ裬߸תȦ£Ǻӣʹ޾֮ˣ಻ԭĶׯ£߹
·ĮΪ֮ͣϢīΪ֮ɢȥһ֮ʱ»࣬Ƕ졣
ƺǶɻ֮衣޻һ͹Ķϱϣᡰ׹ǽһ֮ܶ顣
鼧ʱ鼧űǵļ뻪ڻ֮£ǿ֮£ڵع֮УӰ֮£裬㣬ת˫绪衭
ڣ鼧Ѿ鼧ӡʷ֮еġᡰ׹ǡԭ֡
ûкϻ޻
˶ֽԼĨ֮ĳ̶ֳʵмơ
ȷʵǶɻ֮衣ᡰ׹£ֻһҵʱ򣬱ŵ衣
ǻûһΣɳԨͱˡΪûл㿴ˡ
ᡰ׹Ǿ죬ͣҹĻʹ޵ѹǵޱߺ⡣
֮󣬹ȻҲ˳˺ܶࡣ
ҽĶɻ֮ˡᡰ׹ַ޻֣Сģעסȹڡ
δ䣬޻ȹڣʵʵˤһеء

ʱѵ
ʱļ׼̳֮ϣż˾ᡰ׹Я޻һ̨ǵĶɻ֮裬ƬƬǽһ𣬽ɳԨųǵ
¡

鼧¡

˷˷𣬻ǽ֯һ㣬㽥󡭡
һƾ׵żӤӤֳվһŹӰ֮УӰֿΣûɻǰò
ڤˮ֦оƿָ䣬׾һʢĶɻǡ
ԣ֮£ɳԨĻӣʼ߶ı仯
£ô
һϵʡ
ᡰ׹̧ͷǲлӰ᲻ܿƴ߹䣬ܿԳסǵģˡ
вɱɳԨĳɱֻǱûлסɳԨųǡ
վڵɳԨأյΡ뷱վһӰ˳ɳ֮СѾлǷ˲ԣʲôʱ
Ѿһǧʮһˣܣλܿˡ
²Ҫô˵ǶţѾˡ
ȻɳԨѾûˣǰͷ츳ʱ仹кܳ
дȤĻǣѾôʱˣ²֪ǷͻɵߵһûкӣҪûУºҪץˡ
ᡰ׹ɤӣɳԨԹˣѻ⣬λȥתѡɻ֮裬Ϊλͨ·
˵ţᡰ׹һչۣ·һǹĻ£ǹܼ֮һ뿪ϵͨ·򿪣ǹ»ǵлڤת֮
Ĳлڤͨ·ʱǹ»ɢȥ̳ϵĶɻ֮δͣڤˮ֦ߵӤӤǰ߰ɣ˴λɳԨ֮ˡ
ΪɳԨᣬȫɳԨ档
ɳԨ׵һ³ˡ
ʱһЩ£ΪǻԹңûܻסɳԨ᲻Ըȥתᡰ׹ǿͨ·ɢ޻ȥǰί޻
Ѿúܺˡ޻ʹ֣ᡰ׹סɳԨѾ⿪Ժס
һûãأ
룬ҪǻסҾͰ㡣޻ţ·Ǹδͨµˣô꣬ٶ˵ĻվмֱŤ
ҲȥҵϬɽסܿǸܲĵ
á
ᡰ׹ǵͷ˵ˣȥɲҷ


148 
Ϭɽ־
һ
Ϭɽеĵһ, δ鼧֮Լ鼧ΪɳԨֻΪǳ, ܻµȫǰռ, ֵ̽ߵʱ֮
ߵʱ֮ǰ̼Ҵط߾, ֻǰ̲δȫ𵱳ϻ֮һرγ
һ, ߵ쳾ʶγ
밢̾γ֮ʱƮƮ, ⣬ɶ֮ʱ밢é֮, ۴֮, Ϊơ

γʹ÷, ཫγ֮Уʱ֮һǷҪߵʱգ˼Ƭ̻ѡؾ
̵ĵߵʱ֮ǷʱתĶȴ, ҲӦνˡ
ƿʱ, ֻ˾Ȼرˡ̡
˼Ƭ̣㲻ǽô
ʱҲ֪ƿʱкιϵ, ̱ңһ֮ƣĿǰѼ¼֮޿նƿռ, ʱͬԴ, նʱǲ֮¡
֮, ˴
̿ҵĿЩǣ֪˺ϻڳƽɫ
Ӧˡ
޷ǱʱעҵĿ⣬̵־ƽ鶯ãѣ֪֮˲ϼ֡
Ҫȥģ
Ҫ취ȥȻһ

վˣϬɽֻһˡ
Ƿˣҵ濪ʼ˼һ¡
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ЧնʱգԸ֮
ʮ
շ֮Լ˻ס
ֻӤλ䣬̲֪٣ǰֻаѩ̡ڤˮλҲ֪Ѿ˼죬಻ǡ
Ԥеһ֮ţȴپȫѲܼղ֮ͬݣٹ֮꣬Ҳǲ˰ա
һʮһ
ãԳѣԼǵôǸߵŮŮΣ
ұŲǻãվ뿪ˡ
һʮ
һֻþԼˡ
ڵšյ糣ȴԼϻҳŲơ
ɵҵʶ̽Ϭɽʱȴδ쵽˴롣
ˣ׺ˡ
ʮһ
ԽԽϡֻϵǰա
Ĳᣬǰ鼧֮Ӱ
鼧£鼧¡

ֱѪոǣƵķɣᡰ׹Ƿһ־ٿ֮ǰһ¡
ʱԹԵ¾ɳԨ֮˽иżȻһԹ·Ϭɽ쵽ϬɽйϢȴȷ˹ǵУǲԹǰȥ̽顣
Ϭɽ˴˵֮ɽת֮ͬԹ·˺þòƳ־ʱ޻ˡ
̲֮סȥˣǵĲᡣᡰ׹Թֻǵ־֮ÿÿְֳŴƬѪ֮ʼʲôš޻һʽطڵعֻһ¶棬޻ĵġ
ڤˮ֦˵ǴЩֱҪ޻
ڿʲô
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ᡰ׹ǲֻ֮ʵϡ
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ӣ㲻ңᡰ׹ʡ
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ᡰ׹գգ۾ٿƤϹ⾡ΪһɭɭͷǣǴ˫շ
أ
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꣬Ҫ
ᡰ׹ǵĵ˴ʱ޷緢ʶͨԻȻ޻ӡ֮У鼧ڣ֮¶鼧˵Ƴ񣬿ҲòϣʵЩмܲס
ѾΪݹ֮ɣѲ֮ʱ硣
ڴʱҲɵۣΪָᣬͻڰ׹֮¡
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ᡰ׹ǵָһתɵؽ̶ס޻ٵľȡ£ͬʱ޻һͷɢڴʱûע⵽ᡰ׹ָ⸧֮ƮƮؽһͷڷת˲±ɰѩ˿
һͷ˿µ޻ɽиʿǣԽԽ뱡飬˭뵽λĸˣȻһڻѩĸεĳأ
ϵ־ڵأһҳ
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նʱ֮ţʱ֮ͣܡ
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ӣľѩಢѣƵĵط֮Щѹ֡
ѩҲӦú֪Ϊʲô뿪ϣȥǵʦѧ
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һЦѾˣ͵һǲ͹ȥǡ
ҲӦ͵㶫ӤӤ˼ţĿһһöɫСģΧŵĽ
֮۶ɵı飬ֵܵ⣬ȻĶ󣬵ϣòϵΪá

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Աϣڤˮ֦һԾԾҪֻÿ֮ϡ

ҹʱ֣ɢ
ڲģϢɲڻ֮
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İüѩ̵ļͷɫҹĻɺȴڡ
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ֲŪѩͷ֮жڣӲԽȴ׽סѩ֣ϸѩ߽ѩȡ֮νԼ׸ѩѩӦȡϸܵ꣬Ҳް˾첻ʱš
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˸ոǾ˫ɣƵ˵ҿⶫ˾
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Сĵ¶ľѩЬ࣬Ȼľѩһסǵöľѩǰ׹֮ͺ˽ţӳ﷭һƿҩƣȿͿĨڶľѩϵĻ
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