
ߣЦ
İ
䱴ɹŴӪУסʩŮڣûԷ崿θǱȶԷ࣬ȴҪͶԷĶˣ
뿴Цý˸Ůܵǰ;Ķ˼ңܵʮ
˵ʲôԷȻʹ󣬵ر֣Ҫǿ׬Ǯܲٳּ£˵
ԭΪ֤ԼôܱȶʩŮúãһ֮ļ޸ˣ
䱣
Һʱ򣬿ǰੲݵĶýˣЦеýˣٲߣȴİƣɾˡ
ýˣ
ý˻ߣֱɲԶ޲ȥ
-
һθϼһǮһɪ˫Ŀ޹С
С̲סռ֡
ģÿؼܳȺˣԺҲ۵ĳˮİײˣıҲˡ
ͻȻ֣ԭҲҪһˮġܲٳּµӡ
-
ų˶ݵΣŰ˺⣬Ǹ˽š
ΪԶԶշתطΪȥ
û뵽ۡ΢䳾֮ˣҲᱻһλŮؼңϸغţϸĵš
ע
1.Ůнָ
2.鲻࣬λŮĸ顣
ݱǩ  ԰   ճ
ӽǽ䱻
һ仰飺˭ܲţ
⣺Խɽȥ


1 
磬ˮеʱڵĻ̌һֻ֣ʹԼ̫Ѩһֻȥֻ뿴ڼˣΪʲôô
һûֻ˵Ƭ
Ҫֲڣ¾ҪѪˡ
ֲڣ
ȻûôҲ񣬸̸ϲڡ
ֱԣ͵ۣĿƬΧĸþҲЩͷģ
ԺУһ룬һ̲Ģ
ڽ䱻㲻ʲôʱݵű顱죬˸Ƶģıߴ䱽䱽ĺҪ˵쿪ţ
䱽
ڽ
䱳վԭؿһ£Ū
ԵķӦңһӣǱŵĵط
ת߽У
зһȼųȺĴ¯ΧڷƷ
һ۾ܿǴĵط
ô
ٶǣ䱶ûбֳߵŴ򿪷š
Ŀʯ̳ɵĽ֣ϸʳﶼˣСȻкšССҲűⵣִ߽ԼĶ
е̵ĸ㡢Ǻ«еũʱ˵߲ˡϹ
϶Цݣһٵģ
ý䱸е𾪵ǣ˶ǹŴΡ
Լǰұ߱Էƴп˶ýҲ
ԷŵĴɫһ˦´ϲŶЦ⣬ѽѽ䱽ˣɵúúøлңҿΪѰź£
ɤŴһ¾˵ע⡣
̵䱽˭ʶ
ǿǰԲɵ
ƫ⸱ģȴҪͶʩôҿЩЦ
ʱý˵Ļ䣬ʲôЦ֡
̸ڵĶ·ˣҲٶȣš
Ҫ֪ղŶý˲ڶϲĸϰԼΪѰһź¡
ͷҵͯء
û뵽һתͷ˵ˡ
ü
ýһ㲻Σ˵Ի͵ְɣҸ˵ңǮأֻһ޹ȥǵĸ
͵û͵֣Ҳ֪
ֻ֪Լ͵ˡ
˶ĬĬƫͷ䵲סЦ
ý˽ܵľȻסͯڵ
˵ǹ˭Ű
ʲôĸ䱲ԼױǺõģ
ң䱴ļӿֳȻſС˵е
һŴӪģ
汻ŮŮ䣬Ҳн䱣ſģ֪ͬͬյŮ䵽Ǹʲô³
룬Ȼ˵һͬͬǻᴩģ
ڵľѾý˸򣬶Ӧʱˡ
ΧˣÿϷĿ⿴ɫ
Щ˶ֻǵ޸ĸ޿Ů˵ǳʢİ衣
Ƕ˵ŮԲֱɲ
ʹֱһأ
ߣӣôİƣڶýǰЦýˣٲߣȴİƿɾҪˡ
˵ţֱۣҪ£
ý˱ŵõһ̨װһƨȥˡ
񡢽⽭ôˣƽﲻ´Ϊף˵ϸϸ
ôôײˣ
䱿̨״߳ȥ˳ֳģһӵ졣
Ӳˣ
ŵô˱ᣬ֪ڷʲô衣
ɨΧ̵ˣӵôΧǰǱ
˵գٴȴİƣҪŵϡ
ļ̣
ŵͷһִеý˰Ҹﰡ̱
ΧԴҲһûϣоѾˣ
̫ˣƽʱ⽭ôֲ𣡣
˵ɰɣһӶ
󣬽䱵İƵȻû£ǰС˦ýˡ
˱һţĹ
ýͬΧ۵ȫߣ䱲šءһţڰϴڴڴ
ʵҲͦЩȺŹ֮ҺûС
ϱ¯˿Ⱥ͸ʪ·ϼһȷ磬һԺߣȲϴһ
ԭǸƼµˡ
ĢĢжû죬ԼˣŻ档
ȻҲǸóģƽʱԷͱ߿͵Ը
Ҳ
ڣԺݵתţòҳһ׼ˮ
ȴԼ
ۿԴ֮ûӰѻˡ
еǺˣ̲ϡ
ˮϣҵԵģϾ緹ʱ䣬ԭųһھ͵ˡ
θû
ַӣڴĻ¯ԣֿ쿾ĺ⡣
ԭŶûиʲôһһţºԼǲ嶫ȥĶˡ
ΨһҪ˵һĵطˣطȫһң
䱱Ҳضãæʱϵ£ҲǴġ
Ѻ⿾ĲŰʣ²ƴĶŰŰ
һھͳûˡ
ʱˮպãԡͰԡ裬Ҳ
ԡﶼҲ
ֻһ裬ҨˮվڲǰĿյشϽ
ͷһ¶ϴ裬䱻еСɬġ
ֻüӰԼϴɾͻϸɾ·վԺ˿
Һѵõƽʱ⣬ʱвӿ˿Ȼ
ȻִæڹûϢֵʱ䣬ҲԽŴ׶ܻеɣ
Ǵ飡Ƕ飡
ʱʱ̶̿ͱ˱ȽϣԼˣô۶Ӹ
̶Ǻܺõģԭ˶ʮӵľ޿̫׾ݡ
ʱһңʱŷֻΣûζϡ
ŶˣJֻ̣ҧȥ
˼󣬽Ӧһ㣬ͶԣԼ˷ʳġ
Ա󣬾Ϳʼɴĵӡ
󵽳ͷС廨룬ֻҪƷܴ
Ķ̫ãټԭļ䣬ҲܴƷˡ
ϴЦݣȻȴǸϸÿɹһ¶ͻ㣬ͻúгɾ͸С
һˮӭϼգԭǮԼǮʼϹš
ˮÿ塢ʮΪϼգÿʱϾͻкܶˡ
еƽʱŵĸˣеΧĴ
϶ƣжļλȷҪȿ
ᱻӡ
ţߵЩƫˣһ˺ֻܶ࣬Ǽӣվһǰּۻۡ
ýˣ䱲ŷŵһˡ
һ˫ۣǺܺÿģɫͫȴûй⡣
ҵͷסø·һͻ
ǼӣںվӺһϸٵ㣬Ů޻ˣҲУ˭֪ȥǻ
ϸƲƲ죬ԵƸ㲻Ҫ˵޶õúܣȥڷԣܻ
ҪãһŮ޶۸񡣡
ǽŻˣֲǲˡ
䱣
Ůͯ
Ȼ֪ŴūֵǮ˵
һڹ컯֮¼ýѣһʱЩ޷ܡ
ңһǸܲʮСŮҪȺؼңʼ
뵽ֿܣ䱴ǰǺӸƷɣ


2 
𿪣䱿̺ŭǺӸƷɣ
ּۻ۵ĺӻûӦʲô£͵ʧأͿշһκ󣬺Ȼڵϡ
סԼƨɰϰϽš
˭ôأ
Ĵֱɸˣ㣡
Ǻӵͬ״ָŽ䱾ͿʼǴ
أ
е㱻Լŵ
֮ǰһԣΪǸԳðСԭ
Ǹ׳ĳ԰
û뵽
ҲǣôصĴʹû༸Բʲô
׺ֶźӵͬŭĿӣǻҪҪ·ȢޣǾ·ǰɣôԼʲôԭû˼޵ģ
ССܽˣ㻹ҪҪôСܻ
ҪڽӴҿ²㲻вû˼޵İɣ
һ˿ֱӰӸ˵ˣۿ췴Ӧ
Ҳŵ֮꣬һôŮ
ǲ˵㣬˵
Ҫǲ˭Ȣ˼ҵĹ
Щǲ˵ӲˣһѣøŮ㲻Ҫ£
䱵ȻûƶģתֵӣĿ¶׹⣬һͲǡ
뵽ôףҲסǿźӡ
㡢ĲȻȻҾͱ٣
ֲǿҸŮŮ޼ģٸǰҲռ
˵٣üͷҲΪô
˽ǲһСӵġ
ڹҲû취ı䡣
룬һģʮǮ򣡡
һϲ˵˵Ҿͺͺ¡
ȳָ
䱣
ӶЦĶܰҪʮŮʲôᣬϴٳּ񣬳Ҳˮ飬Ҫٳֹ֣ۣ
䱣
䱱ŭˣִÿӵӣսʣ˵ʲô
ӱͱ˫־ֵץס䱵飬鵽ӶϾȻһֵİӡ
أôô
ӸϽĿڵʮֻҪʮˣˣۣ
ʮ
ۺУֺݺݵһۣŰ˸˦Լɰһӡ
ƾָУʮֻоࡣ
ӸӣɲãԿ׺
æҽסӣóӳһ£˵㣬ٵĲ࣬Ҳû˵ʲôԿ׵ݸ䱺
ֱ뿪
ӿԼõˣôغЩߣ˵ʲô
ɽһϣ
ӿһӡ亹
־оܰ
㡢ˣֵǲƽϣߣ
˵ƵĻһԶ
˺󣬽䱲ŰСڻԿװӴ򿪡
ӺСС棬㡣
֪ԷˣС˱
Сʵ̫СֻʣһƤͷСڣһ˫۾Ưֻûй⣬ȫľ
˱ڻУôȥ
߳־ò㣬תҲϣſʼߡ
иľƳ÷
Խߣ˾Խ࣬޵شŽ䱻еˣָָ㡣
Сƺܸ֪ΧһУɪԴ䱻жһ¡
ԣϾ͵ˡ䱰οţ²ӿ졣
·ʱö򶹸˶˸ʲô
ʩ̧ͷһۣͷѩָѶߵķãһǮ˰ɣҲҪ˵
һΧ˵ø𾢶ˣﻰⶼָһǮ
·𻨵ǵǮһ
ǲ֪Щģ߽ԼĴ̺󣬰ӷУתֱסС
һֻ֡飡Źϡ
ûûˣǶˡ
СͷȻЩң
Ժк󣬽䱱Сڰϣպˮϴ衣
հС£С˫۾ͲסĲӡ
ԣһȥˮϴ衭ԡ˼
ϴøɸɾ·òã
СûʲôӦֱֻ۱øˡ
ô죿
˼룬̧ҪǿаСֱÿСֱ̫ϸԼ̫˵Է
ֻСһһ
ءСӲһ£Ŀ⿴䱡
ľġûйӣȴܴ濴һ˿ί·ĻֱһΡ
ϧ֮⣬׻úúãűţһֱš
ְֵСﱧڻУһֻǴˮˮġ
ٴ󣬻Ҳ۳
ˮպã·ʱȴԷƿˡ
Сһ˫ӿסԼӡ
·ʲôͽһ㡣
䱣


3 
СؿģҲ֪Ǻ£ҪԡԡҪ·ģ𣿡
СﲻףС㷴ӦûУֻؿ
ʹһʱ֮䲻֪ô졣
СЩɵģҲܹܶģӦһ㡣
ֿʼСæǰæ󣬰ˮҨľͰ֮УټЩˮˮ±¡
֮һֱֻ۴·ѰľͰԣǸʣСǰǸ
˾뿿úܽСﻹǲԸ뿪ϰǿġ
Դţؿڴ
ѶԷõĿŸ̫ЩֻһѹͷⶼûУֱ쵽˴ȴп϶
ý䱿ۼˡ
ȻκʱŮԶܴĥġ
ϸкܶССĲˣϥϻһƬںڣںǺح׵ġ
Ӧ֮ǰĵʲôɵģĵû˸ҽΣֻܵ˿Լָͳ⸱òõĿɲģ
ˮϸ֮ϡ
ˮУССֻ΢һ£㲻ٶԹϴ
ȷʵеͷˣ±ӹ󣬾Ҳûϴ
ԼֺͶԷȶǴĭֶˣǿܿСﱾķɫ
ͦ׵ģࡣ
ϸƤģ˽ˢӴ뷨
ڴһʱСĽ⡣
ֻŴӽ״ȻŤţԾ۶˵ģ״Ĺͷ쳣͹
ĽЩƤ񣬸оԷĹͷҪƤˡ
ֲ˵Ǹ˽ţԭϵôء
ֵĶᣬһͰˮŸСϴɾ
ֱۡա
СﵹǺϣûз
ϴɾ󣬽䱲ſСʵͦÿģһ˫Ƶۣβ΢۵ζ
ҪСһģӦǼĳࡣ
ǼС̣ͦ촽ҲǱģС⣬쵰ݳɹˣֻаƴ
һǸС
¶һЦԷգȴûʲô⡣
ιЩָвźá
ϴСʱ谭ˡ
ԷסԼɲԸ·
û취ֻ辶ȥ˿ɾӣʪĭ·Уȥ˲
Ӹе˾ɪһ£Ҳʼз
ôˣ
ЩԣͷȥС飬ֶԷɫݱ´ҧ죬гˮۿߣ䲻䡣
ˡ
ôˣŪˣ䱸ϽջضЩ޴룬ޣһ㡣
ֱȥԷ飬ĶǴʲôһǵСߵӰ㣬žž䣬ôֹס
˿ޣֻͷֻһŰƴСο˺һԷŽֹסᡣ
ۿһһȦǼҲǺģƤҲǺġ
˫۾ôֱ㶿Ž䱣ýһͿ
ҿ𣿡
䱶СĵÿСﱳ·˵·Ҳˣʵһ鱡ƲֻǸպסСˡ
·ÿ˺۱鲼ıǰÿһ˺۶Ƥ¶ɭɭ׹ǣ̫ûдʼŧˡ
ôأĿ𾪡
ǻϴʲô谡øϽȥҽݣ
˱Ժⲽ£ǲ𽥻ع飬óһԼ£˰סŴ˼ҴҸҽݡ
ҽúܽһϡ
ҽݺ󣬸æôƣСϵôأ˵߰ݡ
Щŧõ˿ڶҪѸеٰŧˮ˵ĽΪ̫ûͷһˣҪѹͷ
ľæپܲסˣʲôº͵ķ𣿡
ΪǲҽΣһۣûҿ鲼һȥûôˣ
˵ˣֻõΣΣ
ڴҲûôģֵϵ˿ڱڴſԵҲҪ죬ϵԽԽá
գԼҩͯȥ׼ιǵһϵҪõĶ
һ׼ݸþƻȵɢιС¡
Сô嶼ûзӦѽֻǿ˹ȥ
ɢҩЧ󣬴ſʼθ⣬ŧˮ
ķѰʱңһУʼСϴ˿ڡҩ
Ū꣬СѾĸһˡ
򣺡ٸ㿪ڷҩмǲҪ죬ҹܻȣչŵ㡣
æллл鷳ˣѶø
Ǵȴڰֵַģ˵ЩֻҪҴʱ򣬾ϸЩͳɡ
ҽоҪõеһĶֻҪܸԼϸˡ
ãӦұ⣡
仰ʼˣ߰߰ɣȥչ˺Сá
żæŰСؼңڴϣ˺
ɢҩ𽥹ȥСһһãڲ֮ǰôľ
ӸŽ䱵ĶתŽ䱸ǵͷҴӵġ
ֱҪ뿪ʱ΢Է
ָû䱻͵ͣ
㻹Ҹι㻺ʹĶ
廹ܿƣС˺ܴľͷǿζʾãͬʱСţš
ţ˼һʵаţ
СҲǰǿͷķ˲ȫ
䱵ִ£ָ⻹ڲ
һץס֣ҽн䱡úϢ˯һһչġȥҩ
˵꽭ԾҪ뿪һת
һҪԡ֪ԡ˼𣿾ˮǽྻ塣
Ҫ·ġ
˵ţʼԼ¡
΢Сɫı۰¶˳ûһ˿׸⣬Ǿεļ⡣
䣬
ǿʱڣﴩǰɫ俲ʽһ£ﻹ¡
Զ˵͸ļװ
ûڽ䱵ı۰ֻͣҴɨۣʹ
䱻ڼ˵Ż˺ˣҪԡԼϴøɸɾĺٻһ·һҪܺų⣬Ѿǰˡ
ˣҰ㣬ôС
䱰Ѽеȡѹڰŵͷ£ðŰġ
ðʶǱƷ
꣬䱲űԼѪ·ߡ
ҽݴ˿ʱŶԸ뿪Ļֻһֱš
մȾѪ
Ժк󣬽䱼һڹʼҩ
һڹʣˮѾˣļˮϴҲûʲô⡣
䱰ˮľͰ֮УվڲԵĿյشʼԼ塣
ڵİţûżȥԼǰ̺
ܾԼκģԺһֱСɫֱۡ
˰ɡ
Ȼôһֱ룡


4 
裬䱱Źҩã߳˼ ԼǲӦһҩޣ
ŵҩֹ죬Ժҽ˽ŵʱƻҪҩһҩǱġ
нһԡͰЩõߣ˰žûɡ
ʱãͲˣöС̷Ѿʰ뿪
ֻܵ¸ϼˡ
ˮĸϼղ٣һСʮһ󼯵ġ
˼Ȼּ뵽ŵǮǲǸˣ
ƽЩ󶼲һͷ˾ȻҪʮ
ʵǶԹŴ۲ô˽⣬˸ղ׼һԾ´ۿһ㣬Բˣ
ҩాã˻վߵԺϵңϸɾºֶ̣߳ȥʳ
ֶкüҶʳûҪŲ壬ʳﶼڶġһһСڳ֣ţڼܹȥʮġ
ȴʱ䱸ԷԼҪȥˡ
ҵȻͬ⡣
뿪ֺ󣬽ưһЩɻĽ֣ѡһҿĵȥʵƹģҩ𣿡
ҵþߵģȻУ̨ƹָָеһطʾ
߹ȥϸڷŵҩޣ߹ޡɰһġ
ģ̫õӡ
ֱʵǵõҩأ
˵ƹʹ˵ЦȥãͷԵһ¡
һƹʹݱһ̫󣬵΢صҩޡ
ҩߵԣֽÿýܸÿҩ޵ģɫ
ϺõɰҩޣӰҩЧܼҩЧʹҩӳĹЧ
ƽʱҩҲһζȫ
Ǿһصɰͨɰɫ޻ƣԣ⻬ϸ壬ȷʵЩӿЩ
Ǯ
ƹ䱻Цݸʢһʵ㲻Ҹ˵㵱ѣŰߣǧ͸¶ͼۡ
žԲĽ䱣۸Ȼǲģſڵ˵㣬ô
԰뿳ֱֿӰѾŰĵĶġ
ƹ񵱼ɫһԼɰޣһֻȥƽ䱣ߣҲˣ

ⷴӦǽû뵽ģôһⶼˣˣ
µԼˣϳĽεԼӣֵϵ㣬ʲô˵ʵڵģ
ƹ񣺡˰٣ٵˣ
£˰ҲУôһ㡣
䱸ǮƹڹزƼȦˡ
صʯϣϼһֶһ볭֣ŻصԼС
ԺʱԭúúϢİţȻվԺɨɨԺӡ
Ժȷʵңһһ㣬ʲô͡ľ鶼ҷŵģ·Ҳڸ
ڣԭҷŵ·ȫľƺҪϴҲɨԺӿࡣ
ʵѽһ
ûãЩʲô£
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ֲɨģˣŻ˵ģûŰߡСİá
ҪЩ
Ž߹Ŵվԭأ֪ηӦ
Ҫ
ŵ岻ܿƵزЩɫʱˡ
ҡҡ׹
ǰҲǸ˼ҵС㣬ĸͱĸĥҪ˵ĻԴöˡ
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ϣҲܾһͱ۶ϣΪ䳾֮ˡ
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ɨ㱻ߺ󣬰촽΢򣬵Դ˫ϥһ¹
˵ͱ̹ǧٱĻū˷ˣ𷣡
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ʲô  
䱻ִ˵˼ά˳Լ¹򣬵һӦǴһԱÿ
ͻȻϥϻˣҪôȥ϶øء
ӲֹסÿΣ˫ֱӰѰżסɾˡ
Էʵ̫ˣܾûûһɰء
ûʲôҡ
ɰŻ¹򣬲ˣū֣̿÷˺񰮡
޷ֻܰԼﱧѹŶԷö
ˣ𣿻ззҲϲҽˡϻˣҪΪøأǲǻҪΪ㻨Ǯ
ϲͬ˹ֻϲһ仰ᡣ
仹ΪԵ¡
űŭŵһԴؿǰǼ⻹ŵǵ㡣
Դκġ
֪ԼǱʮºһ·ؼҵġ
ϵζܺţ˰ģ̲סҪ
ף˵ĻҲΪ
Ǹˡ
䱽ѹڻеİɫЩ̣СʵǮģҪΪʲô˵
ҲҪ
뵽ֶһ£ָԾ߬䱵±ߡ
˵ģÿɲֹʮѵ뷨
ûȥ밢δ֮ʲô˼ֻΪ£ͦáҼȷʵһ󷹡ˣҲǹܼµˣҲҪ˵
ܡܼµˣ
Žˡ
ˡ
󿪵ˮԴв๾ðݣԴϸһ


ֲûỨôǮҪãѰ˼ҵǾԲܼġ
ֲû˵Ҫһԭ˼
ǵһҲ˲бԴ䱻񣬺ߵūū˼һʱ𣿡
Դðʺţ㻹Ҫ˼
뷨ǣ֮ǰ˵ΪôҪˣ
ȴðŻˣСæ˼˲˼ˣԸ⡣


5 
˻ĳֻڵðỤ̋Űŵ̨ǰ̧ӣ˾̨ԿʼԶ
żʳ̯ĳֿǸƤڶ࣬ƤӨ͸Ƽڣһ볭ֱʵòУһѴ̴лǸʳָ󶯡
ţҲִƵӱϻһõţڣٴһһţ
лţ⡢Ķζͱһž֪ܺóԡ
Χ̨ԣֽŵţҧһڡ
Ե㡣
ò˵ֲġðʳǺóԣй
ǰڱԵģǲ䲻ȵļ͡
һţҨһ͸ɫĳ֣죬
̫óˡ
䱳Ե۾ġ
̫һˣԼ춼ġ
Գ⸱ģԴ󣬾һ˫۾Ŀţ͵Ц
û뵽صĽ䱣Ҳ¶⸱顣
ǾԼ߲صúܺã鶯˫ɨɨȥѽģĵˡ
Ѱ䣬۾ƫϸ۽Ҳϸܣʱ棬·һȪգۼ䰵˵⡣
ü·裬ŨȴӲʣеԶɽ
ƫһֱźѪĺ죬һ念
ƺ̷ֻһԼͷβ
ָ֮С
ϵ·ҲǶ̴򣬲ղʱ˳ְ¸ѵֻ俲硣
տͻȻʲôƵģ򱻽µ¡
ؿڴȻһŻɵգղȥʱͷģ
ŵ˫͵صɴյûš
Ȼˮ˲ûϴչǲ̫ɾġ
ֻһ¡һ£ڶԷ·˻ҡ
Ƥֲ֪ʲôģپЩ˼ͷ񵽵ȥˡ
ڷƽʳĽʵ֪ڿԼڳԶҲûйܡ
Сﲻ֪ô£ȻųԼھͲˣͷҲúСϱƵġ
¿еĶѰŻͷڡ
ûӣȽţ´θϼһ
СֻǺҵͷû룬ֵѾˣǿ¶ǵʱţζԵ㣬˺úҩ
ҩѾãٲˡ
ڴߴԶ̧ͷСƮ۵£۾΢ɲؽһ£ſʼٳŶ
ûнô󣬳ʲôССڵģȸƵġ
ϰһûٶ١
䱿ſţʧЦỹԽԽɣ
ҡҡͷ䱰ԼһͬһЩȫȽк
վȥԼҵ롣
ԭȥ磬ʣԭĹ
Ƕʱ䣬ԭ㱣ǲСİˤ顣
ֱڣֻܴӼҳһ롣
ϴɾҿľǣӹҨŵҩ
ǰɨʱ»ҳƮŸϵľǡ
Ȼҵľǣ顣
ҩڰߣֿΪ˸Ͻ궫̻ʵǱģ
ᰴס
ţŹӣãȻ̧ͷˮ鿴
ôżԣҲǿԼԺÿ춼Ϸġ
ŵֶһ£ҪԼˡ
ںѿɣҲûнɣ
ᱻ
ŸϽѿж£סҪ뿪Ľ䱵ָ
ָóһֶղꡣ
ϿĽǶȣðԭЩ˫ۣƵġ
˵ίͰ͵ġ
ôˣ
ȥԭĻĽ䱣סŲ
𡢱ū
Ų֪Լʲô뷨ǰҲûϲŮӣڣܵĲýʧý䱺ڡ
ūūԹԵģģҲϴɾԼġ
ָս䱵ָҲڽ䱵ֱϲ˲䣬̧ͷһ˫̺ˮӣؿ
֪Լúÿģǰʱĸ;ĳ࣬ͷ
ʱϴˣſ㡣
ԣҶ϶Լģǲģ˵ýϲһ㡣
ɽ䱸ͲǱ壬ֻСﻹͦͦġ
ջ֣Сͷţͦã꣬ͷ̨ϲҪȻԼϢ
ҪȥҪң͵
ǧԼ£һģ𣿡
ŵͷ󣬽߽С
ԭȥǸʱ򣬲Ž˸󵥣ˮ¥ļٸ廨룬ͼʮѼӡ
ҪΪϸ
ԭûʼأȥˡ
ÿм䣬˼ͻˡ
Ȼ֪ô졣
Ϊ¥Ҫ廨뼫ϸҪףдСһҪΪʱԷǲ͵ġ
һʮ廨룬Ҫʮġ
ܹףǧġ
ټϼӵǮһǧŰģȥĳɱһʮġ
׬ǧ߰ʮġ
㲻
廨룬Ҫ鴸ϸСС׵ߡ
Сĥɴϸȵ˿
һǰѾꡣ
ֻҪ˿ͬĳȼ̣һĥɼͷһߴ׾С
һҪСˣԲעпܷһ롣
Щ̵Ŵ򿪣ս˲ࡣ
ţûվȥ룬иũҴеĳͷݵǰ
Ӵȵ㿪ˣҿͷ
ǳͷ⼣߰ߣͷһӣѾˡ
ôŪģʯͷȥˣ䱴ǸũѾˣµİɣ
ӵĳͷ޲ãҲѿ
ĳͷַ㣬ʡϡ
ũǿʯͷȥˣȥɽӣСľͰѳͷŪˣұ
˵꣬ũʵͷ٣
䱣ʮģ
۸ũЩ󣬻Щԥ˵԰ѻͷգ˵㣬ʮġ
ũͶˣʮ˰³ͷ
հѳͷݸũӹũǮ䱶߾𡰵Ρһ
ǰһ֣ɹͷx1äһ
䱣
ʲô
ɫũߣ䱳ʵäУ
һصİ׺תųǰĶһӰ
ֳ˵
ä򿪣ֽӲӼ֣ϲá粽ʹʱӡ
ж
Ĵָ
ڽ䱻ȷǼ֮ʱԺУ극ʳİÿӣԴ̽С
Сʵūˮԡ𣿡
䱻񣬵ա
ûаѴ̵ŹϣֻǰѴͨԺӵŹˡ
Ͱһ߽ԺӣˮΪŴͰˮڹȻܴ
ˮǲ̫ȵģе¶Ⱦͳɡ
ˮ²󣬽ľͰˮʢڿյϣְǵݸ
תͽȥˡ
ԭվһΪ䱲ǽʼԼ·
ˣ΢㶼ǣۡ
̣죬һԾͰ·
Ƚ·Ľ䱣·ʱĿǰһضϸѩۡᴹµĲ


6 
ŵƤܰףûôźҲһһĴ
ֻôԶԶؿţǷֵ֬ĴС
ŵ·ȻȥɴǰһֱƵ󱳣ѸõĶסˡ
·Ľ䱣Ȼһ˿΢СΣ־ûʲôҲû̹ȥ
԰ŵ·ϴ󴩡
·İţ
ͬŵèһ㣬˲ըë˲Լϵˣֱ̧۾ϵ
ڷۿҲĺһȦ
㡭
ŤͷԼĽ䱡
ԷʵǱԼߴ̫࣬ȺܳܿԽԼԽѹȡ
Ҫʲô롭
Ų֪ϲŮӵŮ֮ôദģǰ죡
𡢱
Ļŵ
ƺԷ¼Լ
վԭأЩεԼա
ͷ£ǽббӰӰѰסԭů㻬ļɴŵɫס

䱲ҹද·ǰݣԴƫһԡ
·
㡢ͷڡǱߡ
ŻǾЩڣԱһ£Լϣý䱵Ӱû취Լ
̨ʾԷ·Ǳߡ
ˡ
Ͻתһ䣬Ҳٽʲô¾ͽҡ
ȻҴ̵ķƿŽֽš
ͬԺеһи䱲֪Ϊ˿϶˲Ⱥʹ·عڱϣô
Ҳڷ̣ЩƮ·ƶˡ
Ѱ￴ԼԵȱһСڵĲ룬Ųҽŵ߹ȥ
һˮꡣ
̫ˣҶŮˣʲôúߵģ
ŰôߣЩˡ
ˡ
̫ȴ¶̫ߣԼôġ
ʱһҪݵȲǣ
ˮǣĸо˳źβθƤ쬵ġ
˸
ʱ䱼ڱԵЩѪɫ
һ˲ŷȱһǵĵط촽ˣ
䱣
ôʼùˣ
˿ڲʹ˼˵ĵطûˣǿʼ廨ͼӡ
ڼ䣬һλȥֵõһβäеĻᡣ
ʮѩ
ⶫð
պÿԲԭʮӡ
ԺͿ԰ԭĶʮӵýֻȱǮʱãǮֲϡ
ԷԼִһǮ
ԼĪһʱ䣬ʯϴ֮ƺﳳˡ
ǲܵģκԽԽ󣬻ʼҶʵû취רע
վȥ
ֻһߴվڶУָŶʩµҵĶǲ⣡ôֵܳԳˣģ
һذѣͷŵ͵͵ķ٣ŸΣΧŰײΧαΧϸá
ŮȫãȻίߴָţ֪Ǻˡ
һϣߴӵֵסڵϣ۵İϰ˵һĻ
ߴӼԼֵ۳ָҪ˵˵ʲôֿʼҶĶ
ôˣ
üվڶ⣬Ա߿ϷĴ
ϷӶ׼ˣһڽС
Ȼ྽Ƕϰе˼üˣʳʳ֪ôģξȻԳˣ
Ǻ˵ϰߣŹġ
Ҫ˵ϰģ£²ӹˣ
Χ۵Ľַǣжܲµ²ϰ⣬ͬϴνһ㡣
ϰ£Ҳûǰæ
Ա߿һʵҲͷġ
ǵûһˣŮǶ飬ʲô¶кýġ
Լ˵һЩ
תҪ뿪֮ʱڵǸͻȻڵϣֳȭһֱԼţҿš
ϧûãǱʲôסӰ㣬ϲҲ²ȥ
ںˣ
ʹ̣ۺ۰Ѷ³붫û³Լҭסˡ
˵ùԶҭˣ
סԼغʲôֳΧ۵İȥָԼȻš
֪ô°
⸱ģΪаˣ׷˱ߣ߻ֱ뿪ˡ
±ϡ
ֻн䱲ԣоǱҭסԺ
ҪǲʱҽΣ»
ϽȺǰȥȥҽݡ
ʵҲҶ϶ǷǱҭסһǣԼóȻȥȣʱûȻˣ
ҽýȥҽ׵İ취
ҽݻûɫȴԽԽϣҲȥҪˡ
Ŷʱ˺ǿɽ
Ըת뷨֮ʱԼĽָ粽
æԺз˵ʹã粽ֱӱ
ֻ˫΢ɲ⣬²ƮݣȻһܵҽˣ
ҽĴҩͯһ
Ϳٽ飬ɽ󽻵УǷ¡
ңǻŽȥģҲ¡
ڴҲеˮƽڵģǱҭסĲˣһȣ˵θϥһ
ǺӡyueһͰθж³ˡ
ºˣɤҲˣҲˡ
ֻȾˣһ̲θҺĶ
š
ý䱶̲ס˼
δȴȥɾϰһӣԼһѿֵİոϹ
Ӵʵֵû°ɣ
ãʲô£û£Ͻϴ棬Ȼ뿪
ӣֵܵĸʹ
ʹŵĺӸ˼£ǳ̫ҭʳˣѾˡ
ӣԡ̫࣡
ӦԼֵΪʲôʹ㶺󣬶ʱЩҲס
ֵܿˣȢУյչ⡣
Ϊῴǲˬǣû뵽ֵ̫ܳҭסˣ
ˣ
⺺ԹʱС䱣˸񣬵նлΪҳͷҪǽ㣬Ҷ֪ôˡ
䱿żΪᣬжŮĹ۸к˼֣ŮҲôᣬֻݲ϶ѡ
ڰ֣᲻Ҫϡ
лתȥǺӽ档
ȻǶ⣬Ǻӵľûеġ
ƺô룬ܹǳǶ£㲻ܲ
ͬ˵˼䣬гļơ
μ䣬䱣ƺ
żȻŮ˲һҲν
ǰᵲԼ󣬳ǺӵԣȷʵҪ⳥һϰôණôܲ⳥
ҷϰ壬ҿñٲܽ
£溺ӻû˵ʲôȴƫƫ²£Ҳ⳥ֻҪǱھҾС
˻һǲ̨ˡ
ΧΧ۵İҲʼ˽ϰ˺ãԭ±ˡ
⽭еͱ˰ҶƽͷϰգûҪֵôѿ
䱣
䱣
Ƕ
ؿһۣȻԣ㲻԰ɡ
䱵㲻Ҫ⳥ղź͵͵Թ˵ƷԲã磬Ѱ˼Ҫ⳥ء
ȻҪұ㲻ͣȸˣ
˵գż粽룬գۼʧҽ
ǼСŮ̫ˣ
ҽУ䱵ĻŭĿӣ
û뵽ͺȻ⸱ģ


7 
֪䱻ô˵ŶԼŭĿӵĴ󺺣Щµسһ࿵ҡҴδô˵
ıԣΪƵģôô˵أ
ôͣΧ˿ĿⶼЩɡ
ȫȻˣֻҲʼ˼ǲ룬Ǹӡ
ЩûӰ쵽첽뿪Ľ䱡
߳ȥü󣬼粽ЧʧѾˣ
ָȻãֻÿͿԻòäеĻᣬͿԴä￪ôõĶ
ͦġ
صУ䱵ûΪղŵ±ֻǾý쳣ù
ˮ촽ˣո֣Լ֡
ԣɫ𽥰£ҲԹźúϢ
廨һ룬ٷЩȫá
ҪٴһЩũߡߣðǺ
ֽİѽմ廨׵ְԼеĶڷڸðڷŵλá
Ҳ֪ϴûУԼܽȥ
˼˴ߵԺӵǵǰ棬Ƶģš
Ժеİأ
Ϊˣϴ軹ͦġ
û취ˮϽֻܰӴʪšɣԼ۵ĵط
ӼﻹͰ֪ȥˣֻһ鲼ɵѴ
ٺһֱУ˾ǻģҡ
³𱲻ҪһЩС檵˼ҲҪ
˳ıˮ˽䱡
 ȥ쳣ߣԣҲϴ
ͳģ
㽭䱸һ飬Ҳǲôɾ
ǣ˿ڵʹһӲԼϵۣʱȴˡ
ܸоԼϽ˿ѿʪ妵ˮҺ
Ѫˡ
ö㣬ý䱷֡
ӣ϶ԷΪԼ׼·
һװɫ´ɫһɫİٵȹ
ŵصĺ죬ԵֶׯûκλƣҲơ
еζͽ䱵ζϣ·ӵ޼䡣
µͷ滹̫Щյİ˲㱡Щԡˡ
Լȷ磬һ˼ƽȣſʼԼķ˿
ϴʱġ
ķѾˣͲ֪˶ۻණϸῪ˳źùˮϴ
ôһ󹦷ŪԼĪȥʱǿ˳ͷϴ
˿˿Ʒˮ˿һһЦ䣬˿ϽȾźĶͷ紺֦㡣
Ҫһ䡣
С̵ͨƿһ˿϶
Դ̽н䱵ģȴֽûС
ȥأ
ûҳȥңҲûҪĻֻתԺš
ԺӳݣһλУǽ䱵ӣһƫ࣬ҪСЩ̨ܽ䱵䡣
ʲôѷһЩûд
Ȼϻͽһ˯
뵽Ĩ̺죬첽߽ڣѴϵӺͱġ
ȥĻҳ顣
-
УԼҲƵģѶϣϸϸԺĶ
ԺкܰˮûУκϢ
Ӧϴˣ
뵽ԼóȻ룬пܶԷ̹䱻ûֱӽȥ
ץʱԡͰͷڡͷϴ֮ʱŲΡ
˼䣬˳㱡ָָϡ
ԺеĻȻע⣬ҽ䱻˼
ûӦ
ûԺУǳˣ
Լ뿪̫æûйشţ²д˽룿
뵽һţæ߽
ԺйȻûԷţţ
ڴߣϸŴ̵İҴӭ˳ȥ
ūڡ
˸Ԣ
ͬɲͬвһĸо
˷Ķ׹ԭͶĵġ
һͰϡ
û£䱵Ĳ͵ط£ҪԳūˣԺԳҡ
̧ͷվбһˡ
ǺѰһ䣬ȴͷۿЩȡ
ٿʱ֪ΪЩʣū֪ˡ
ţԡ
䱴ǰʪͷǣ˵֣Ժеϡ
ݣҳһɾ鲼ΪŲͷ
û뵽ԷΪԼͷҪվȴԷ־ȥ
á
ٺ͹˲ôˡ
ȵָĲϸĴС
һӣ鿿ڽϡ
ϴɾİţмġŵĺɻ㡣
ɬ
۰΢࣬Ө͸ĺɫ飬ɵؿΪԼˡ
ޱ
ںŨܵͷһ֪ǰúܺãǺ˿࣬βЩݻƷֲ
ϸһʱ䣬ٰѷβ޼Ӧ
Ϊ˲˵ŵķʣ䱶鲼ѹȡˮ֡
ˮ־ͱɾһܸ͸
ϸµΪŲͷŲţ;С￿ԼԽԽƫͷɵؿ
ͷĶԽԽŤ
ѵˣ
ͷҲˣ䱰鲼Լϣֱ۳ǰ죬ѹС첲סԷˣԼѹѹöԷܿøʵ
ˣǸúúϢġȥԵģ۾ح
ͬȴУֵͳŰŵĶתתתˡ
ٻعʱԺֻʣһˣȥʳˣ


8 
Ǵ̶ϡʳ̯ϰ廹һݲˣˬɿڣѵõܵθڵĶ
극ʱѾˣ䱿첽ӵ
ůƵĹʵУһжӰӰ´£ŸڽӺ󣬾Щ
ʱſʼǽ䱻᲻˯
İɣ
Ͼ֮ǰҲ˯
ˡ
Ҫͽһ˯
ڿٶȣðЩ
ҵ˼ûӰ쵽䱣䱼ģƿǣ԰ŵɣ˯档
˯治׳š
еŲŵͷߡ
խУĦô
ΪԼԵȻڴ֮󣬾ͰԼ£ֻһɫ¡
䱵·˵Դ´ϿտյģԵӵ
ٵ棬ϥһţƬ̺͸Ž䱵Ķתתȥ
һֻ»ޱȻֵ̿ĳҸ
䱾ԵñԺֻܶ࣬ʣ£൱ִĵĨأھϵɸظǶǡ
˵һ·
ڰ˵ǡ
·ֱ۳Ͼ٣ת׼ȥϵ͵Ƹ
޳¶ڰУİŵɴ۾Ҫƿߣ˫ȴܿǱӰ䡣
ʲôʱ򣬽䱵˶Ǻܰģ翪ȣ·ʲôϣܿ
ʱּխɫϸ
ǰʮֻ꣬Ůӵβܸ߰ݣʵһûк
ֱʱգȻʵҲһġ
䱲Ůӵ֮¸ߣУɽеĽý
ʧ׷Ѱ׷ȥȴᱻҧסӣ븹
ʱžԼǸӡ
ջխĴϣڽ䣬֪ӭĻʲô
ĺӿϣȴ·ˡ
ŮϲŮӲʲô£䲻ýȢҲС켸ͨͨ
ô
ҲЩһ㣬ֻҡСһأ
ǰ·ãðĬĬǽķñӰԼסֻһ˫۾
䱴Ȼ£ڻصϣԼŻڽ
Щ⡣
°ɣ㲻𣿡
˵Žվô࣬ӦǺƣģ
Ȼ˯
ڽİвϿοԼԼ䱲Ҳˣ˵뱻С
ȴɲҿ䱣ͽ䱸ʮǧ
ôˣ
СڶԼЩԵʵϰߺһ˯
¹⣬ܿҡҡͷ˳˿ͷĦ졣
ţŲӦƵģϸϸǡ
ô˵ûǽ˲˿ڱѹۡ
䱵ü΢𣬲ǲϰߣǾǲ뿿
챧ҲˣҲˣʱˣֿʼ뿿ˣ
ôмǻиڼ㣿
ƺֻѰЦɰžǴһ㲻ˡ
ˡ
Լģ檣Ըᡣ
ԼԵġ
뵽ЩҲ˲ú¡ʲôģͽ䱵ľ룬ԴԷ
ûû˼ҡ㡢ס׽ģ𲻸ˡ
ųʪϢڶߣζҲӿǻ
һ仰С˵ö϶оǻֲ̿
΢Ĳɢֻ¶С
վùСﻹǱģ¸ʹࡣ
ԼӦǿôġ
ֱ̧ۣŵͷοԺҪ뿪Ҳ֧ģҲס㡣
ĸӹԼأȥãһΪ
ԼԶԶΪ谭ֻΪĸ塣
ŸһЩԴµв䣬ɵҶġ
׵ģû˻Ե޹֧һˣǸһЩۡ
䱾ھҪԺɣڱҪ
Ů˯
Եġ
ŰԼɬ䱣ԴҲ˳ֱ̧֮ϣĺڶԷ
òš
ŶЩһ֪ģʵģȥԡ
ɽʲôûֻСĹԣУˡ
Сͷ𽥱˯ɣջյҪ
˵꣬һգ˲˯ȥ
Ҳæµһ죬̫ˡ
Լߴĺţ


9 
ϡš
˯ĽֻԼ޴Ļ¯סֽţһһףһһ£޷ӻ¯
ֲ֪˶ʱоԼˡ

䱾ѣ˫ĿݶڱǼϢȵġ
̧֣ҪһѶͷϵĺȴû
һԼϱͲ±ų룬Էſϣ⣬Լġ
Ȼǰ¯ˡ

ֳĬϢ͵ķӦǰŷˣ
򽻴ŷȵĻˮ£ʱ̲ιҩȣðϷҩһΣ̱ů
ÿһģȻֻء
æѰŲŷڴϣ̧ԷգȻ̵ĸŻƵġ
ϵıƿһԡ
漴´һˮΪŲá
뵽Се٣䱱ֻѰŵ£µ͵档
ɫ˼京ŵԢ͡
ǽСʱŴá
ˮӱšɺ󣬲Ůϸ۵ļϲš
Ǽܰף㾭ܹһʱĴĥҲӰ죬Ϊ˺Ϊƽһ˿̽ռе֮С
ֲȥϸеİŲһѾϸƤˡ
䱶һ˲סӣٿŷĵط
ϧûиòϵӣֻίԷˡ
ּ䶯Խᣬȥ̺ҺΪŴ
šʪʪšźòװѰϵĹѹ¡
ţȥҩһ£Ϊ˲̵ţԼȺһڸ¶ȡ
ൽˡ
ԭȵôɬҩûһ
ţҩҺϸУֹ˿ˮѹѹζ
ֱ΢΢ףµ֮ʱϵȲ£ڴϡ
ԭﻹ鶯ˣ⸱ʱʧģ붼޳
ֱĨԼͷϵĺʼŻҩ
ŵ˶ֲںϣͱˮʪɴüӼ׾ȡ
˿ƺѪʱƬѪҺɺڱϣ˿ֱˮףôôɲ
Ѫ裬˿󣬴򿪴İ״ƿĸҩͿĨ˴
ֱۻסССΪɴ
ȵİúܿ죬Ϊϱȵˡ
źƽȣ˯úģ
䱺ݺɿԼӲıߵԺУľˮưҨһˮ๾¡
-
ͷ𽥸¶ȵĹڴϣÿһ¶µİնȺ
Ѱ¥ĵֿ꣬ʼŴ
¯ȼţиһ
Ӳ̯ϴصѾףҲš˼Ρ
еĶֱϢϢ߽ԺУȥϵİû
˻ûѣ˯óࡣ
ʱѾȥãȴҩˮδδʳڴߣŰ˽ѡ
ѵúܿ죬ʱлЩɣ˯ˣ˺һž۽ϡ
ɤӸֿɬ촽ţ˵ʲôȴ˵
ʱʵҸ࣬ȵ㣿
ŵļֻͣڽ䱲˯ȥʱ쳣أȴûж룬Թɨһ۶Է
Żͷ
֪䱿˺ãǶ۵Ӹ⣬δ䶨ÿһն˵Ǽ尾
䱷ŰſڴͷŶԷûлָҨһף֮󣬵ݵߡ
ûбôԴЩڣ򴽺󣬴յǰСںš
ͲӡͲֳ࣬ɺüڡ
Ҳǵһôľչ˱ˣι˼ں̣ڳ԰ɣԵöõÿ졣
ŵİŶסԹһɨſʼڴڳš
ֻά棬ûй̻ʡ
࣬һҩ
ֻΣҩбϷƵĳһ۽
ݵŴߣѹѹζ
Ƿ۵ĺ۽ϰŵ˫ůڵָҲȥ΢ѹűĴ
Сഥ󣬽ָˣֻץź⡣
·Լû뵽㡣
״۽΢ڵסеĹ⡣
иָͷ˫΢ݱסǿ۽
գۼ۽ʧں촽УС䱵ָ⡣
Ľָ֣УĵطǱһ㡣
ġ
ɣ
㲻⣬ŮһָҲûʲôģ
䱲ڵЦһ£ЩңǲǺ𣿺ҲԹˣҼȥæˣúϢ
ܾðЩ֣һһЦƺʲôħע⡣
ʱдиŮں
վҪȥкˣϢ
ڴϵİ̧ۣؿȥɣһġ
ȴ΢컣·ڰʾʲô˵С໹̽⣬һԼĴ
䱣
Ծ
Ծ
Ķӣ
첽ӽӺ󣬷񴭼ſʼ𽥰
ԼϵĺֱǰȥкĿˡ
Ůٴ𣬡㣬նлԶ

С
䱾̧ͷŷᣡ


10 
һˮӯӯվڴС
ͷλΰΣĹεĽ۾ۡ
벻ף˶϶ΪλԼ
Ŷл
䱲Ӵζס˼ϰذɣ֮䲢ûֵרŵл֮¡
һ˿޴ˣ۲תؿһۣͷ΢΢¡
࿵֪֮ˣҺͿˣѵǡ
ϣ㲻Ҫҵԭһء
˵գµͣǸ̬ú㡣
յڶ˻ζˣŵĿбͷ飬˼ҡ
ֳһҲǺԵĲܡ
޷ֻվˮзߵ̨ϣ˼䱿
ǽһöܿ԰ɣҪǮ
᱾޶ͽ䱽Ӵġ
뽭ֱӴһʺóµ룬һöǮˡ
һҴ̹һǮģᡣ
ԥϢǸǮӹ廨롣
лôæøҽ̸
ߺ󣬽ֲԼͷϵĺ׼
תͨԺӵСŻζһ£ˡ

Լ̸ˣ
֪ΪΣܾһ飬뵽ûĹԹϢ;Լû
ҪҲǰ顣
ʳʱȥС⡣
̨Ա߳ԷߵٹǸϼգҪǺˣǾһϹ䣬á
룬䱸е⣬ãһģСˣڼԡ
ͽദգնǴ˵ĳʳ̨ϳ˰ҩˮҲû
ԿԷǲġ
ĶܹǱԼŪĹ࣬ȻŪʳǾ͸øʡʡӡ
ԷѾʮٻˡ
ҲӣҰԺӽһЩͲûǮȥԵˡ
ʱʲôҶԸ
ЩֱӵСһϼʱǿϲʲôˣҪɣ
²ģٷҲ㡣
ŲˣʮߣСˡ
ʮˣ
⵹Щ⣬ŵΣΪ಻ʮ壬û뵽Ѿʮˡ
̫ˣС⣬ûһ⣬Ǻܲӡ
ǸúúŲС
극ȥ룬žԼΡΡվһһյС
ĽŸʱʹɺƤŽãҲоʹˡ
ֻǹͷվôÿġ
ҡεߵߺǰϴȽ䱻󣬾ԾС
ԴڲʪȵĺڶԷԣƮƮëòš
˯ɡ
СԸ׽ԼǺ£ֻǿ̫ŪЩ
ĬĬƶԼԴ㿪ŵĺ
ûһŵϢ׷
ٶ㣬׷
ٶ㣬׷
ڰУСﱧס䱵ԴĲ
۹ݳϸϸ㡫㡣
䱣
쳣ϤĳƺֻͷƤ飬ֻЭɰԼ䣬޼š
-
պ󣬸ϼա
ŵ˿ڶѽ裬΢ЩҲѪˡ
糿컹֮ʱϾССǵĽ
ڣ䱺Ͱʰָһ𣬿ʼߡ
ŵĽŲ㣬ֱǣס֧ţߵķЩ
ź󣬰źܿ㱻ΧĽע⣬ʲô档
ҲĴ֡
ҲûǴеĿģһŵ̯ǰ˰ײˡһϵжȥ˵ζϺ档
ֻҪǼõϵĶ䱶һЩ
ҲˣðŴ֡
䱻Ǯһ˿øŲϴá
ŵƤ̫ۣ鲼ܹǲʵġ
˿ȥǮðۻˣ˺һ
ͷ˴Ȼȥʳ̫ٳߡ
ȥ·Ķʱæµϰ廹й̧ͷͬǴк
òĶϰ壬ٿǣסԼ֣Ľ䱡
ŲԾüͷЩĻš
صУߵ̨ǰ߱˱ýΪԼ
ײ˼嵰Źǡ
ڹðڹհŹ죬´СȳƵǿڹͿʼͣѵζӵļҺС
ºܸߣҺսӴͬ㣬ϳ塣
Źɢճ͵ļδӴ͵ļҺҲܳ͡
ɫǶӣðζļ弦
ʱһˮ£ˮɫģ
ͼΪӪ̲סڿˮȲҪԡ
䱾ǸȲˣվڵĹǰ
ÿĳһζŹǣùףҨɫ
ؼðžŹĹĵؿҪٸ͵ԡ
Ҫˣ
Σ룬ڹǰĶӹ졣
ǺͰŽһ֮»صֵĽϣľŰȥ
ŮôһڽϽɣټġ
Ҷһǽ󣬾Ȼˡ
ǿѰӶȲõġ
ЩֱָŽ䱵ıӰŮӻǲģһȢؼܵ׳
һ˻صǿɲ˵⽭Ƣɹˣǲǲá
Ҫ˵ϰ岻ƯǮ
ֻɿ߹Ľ䱣ͻȻתߵǰ
üëƵǵҵ棬˵һ飿
˵գۿŰһֻһѾץסһ˵ӣץã
Χ󾪺
Ȼһǲǲã
ץס죬ԺԼߣȴԼʮĽ䱣촽ɫɷס
ʲô˵ʲô˵
ֻұ˵лһһӣ˾͸ƬòҶƵģڵϰ
ˣеʹùˡ
⼸ȥܶණäжˡ
кܴһֶͬĶ˵ùˡ
ùˡֻһ죬պϡ
󣬽ɨΧ۰գƺپˡ
ŵð˱ߣô۵
ù˸ˣһŲ·ܣȴײһӵС̯
ʱӱء
һվûüܣͲڶϣذһˮ̯򷭡
£̯ˮ̯ϰͬǵֵܽȫվΧˡ
ҪǲǮĻǿɾһٱᣡ
䱻صк󣬰Ѱڿ̨ĵطһһҷźá
Щаײ˺û졣
вסȥ̶ԣ㿸ųͷվһԺӵǽ¿ʼء
ԺӲҲֻܸһСƬЩ߲ˡ
äлһֺ࣬߸ʱͱ͵͵ϣȸأ͸һ㱡ĺ
ǱĬӿֲʱ䡣
ڣظ꣬ŷҲˡ
ٲã䱶Լˣ
ţϴϴ֣Էɣ
ŽţҪŹǷڰϡ
䱼״æӭȥӹŹǷڰϡ
ָذδƵģסŵѰֱͦͦ𣬷ڰԡ
ʡȥ·Ĺ
ţ
Ž䱰Ѱײ˼嵰ѵﻹп
ΪܿϷˣȻû󷹵λá
ֻܰѺڻϿš
ÿӲ۵ĺһݸţԼһٵذš
¯飬Խûøտõĺж̣¾Ͱ÷ˡ
ǰָƤ̫ϸЩûһͱ̵ףû취
״ֱӰԼеĺԼǸš
ָû°ɣ
Űźָ⣬һ£ˮеˮΪ¡
ˮˮɹ̫£Ҳȵģܻⱻ̳ĺס
żôΪԼżж۵ָͻȻİ
ۿҲĬĬ죬Ƚ䱷ʱ͹ۿߣ䲻䣬һžӨ͸ӡ
޲ޡ
¿ý䱵סŵССΪȥᣬһȥҶ
˵գΪŲȥӿᣬվ󲽳ȥ
ߵڶУΪģֻΪеı
ΪһЩˮڱﹺһ Щ顣
ʱ󲿷˲ѡСԣԶ˲ࡣ
ûŤֱôҪһ롣
ǲģĻû
Ҹһ𶹻ɣӱǮ
䱵ͷûнԼΪʲôҪҲû˵Ǯ
ڹ۲Χ𶹻Ǯ󣬽ӹݸԼ𶹻ǰǮˡ
һǵ𶹻ȻصԺУðš
ʱİ
֪Լôˣƽû˹ܣʲô¶ܰȥ˿οˣƫҪ޿ġ
Ž͸ĵ룬ͨۿ䱣û£Ѿˣллұ
𶹻ģҲ̵ġ𶹻
Ž䱣ޱҸİţͻȻͷԼеĶ
֪Ψһĵֻ꣬иڱҳΪʩϰĵꡣ
ҲǾǸ䱽ˡ
ţ
ʱըëҲе𶹻ˣޱȣ
ҲǲҲǡ
ûвŵı仯˵ˣ˾ͺãһɣָ׺ٰǸ𶹻ˡ
ⶹӦǺóԵģҼô򡣡
ͻСӦûϲζĶɣ
ذϣĹĵϲ
ϲ𣿡Щɻ󣬡ǵָˣøҳԣһϲζĶġ

˵ϲüͷͱӶֻСūһߺߵġ
̲סֹ½ϲĲ𶹻˰ɣ
żᣬܱ˳ΪʩĹȻһˡ
ȣ崿ǽϲģɣ
ŲŲýԸԳ϶ʩĶأ
ذӲУжɢĲӡ
ŵ㲻ԣ˭˵Ҳϲģϲ
Ҩһף͵ιУûζ˶ᡣ
óԣ
Ϊ˲ý䱳ԵʳˣŬһ𶹻ȫ¶ǡ
ŵĶԲģǱһ¸۵亹ֱð
ôּ˱Ķ¶ǣθܲˣһֱʹš
ƵİСɷףߺġ
극׼ϢϢĽ䱣״̬ԣô֮󣬿Цõذ˱С
ΪŶӡ
ôȵ죬ܶ϶һζûУԼúˬȻ˺ûζֻǳ
ǳζð۵ѣε񾭶⣬巢УȡĨζ
ЩʱӵĶŻ߳ȥĲӡԴ°͡
öԷעԼϣȥʲôʩ
ҲϲԶʩĶ
ԼǱؼҵǸˣôϲأ
ɲ֪ΪΣǲİʾѵǲϲ
ֻǰһǲ


11 
ȰŸʹЩ˼Ժ¡
ȥѳ˵ϴɾֿʼߵС￸ʮɫ͡
ԺӿǽһμӣٹϲڵͿγɼ׵ԡҡ
Ժϴ֮ʱͲεܿˡ
ͺܳÿһ׶࣬ĸΪȣķŰĸµ͡
һ׵ģ߶Ϊ׵ļӾˣֻǼûд󵽿԰ķΧĲϡ
룬ȥһƥ

Ȼģ˵ԼҪ򲼵뷨
ԺбõĵԣСϣӡ
䱵뷨ذСඣ̫õӣҲлͼģѰ鲼ͺá
ͽദԷˡ
̷ǵĻ̷˵ʲôãˣ˵ֵٶǮҲˡ
ױ
ʱһЩÿôȴĶ
ղİοյѩ÷ġ
Ķڴ˼УǸ߽µġ
ѰռңǷŵͻοմѣһѷľͷ
뵽ҡҡͷٴζ䱼䣬ŷȥ
ű̹ʮָŲСý䱸СڿɫѰײ¡
ϸϸ͸ˮּµӡ
ԼĪгײˡз
ĳΪ̣಻¾ܳ죬ײҪ£Ҫĸҡ
ָץһѽԺеĺɫָܾ꣬ر֡
Ҫ˶ӣЩͻ̳졣
ģ
ֱ˰ɣ
̾˫۶źɫȱܼµء
ʱõĲϻ
ûгѲϼֱУзƵĲţͷߵͼԡ
ҪǰſˣӴˣŻаš
ˣˣ
Щֽôʱͬкˣ
ת䱣ͷȥ䱵ı顣
ʻһԴҿӲİѲϵøʵЩ
ϴţˡŪϣϴʱиڵˡ
ֲ˰ɣֵ㷬ԡ
Ƿѡ
ԣܾô﷬ûзζԼֵĲźóԡ
ŻǾﲻԡ
𽥱ɻɣٴƽ䱱飬ŰŵĶϡ
һŽͣҪʼװӵĽ䱣԰Ѳøҿһһûôÿأ㡫
䱣
ô
̧ͷţû˵֪꣬Լ¶ˡ
ſŶԷװдţ춼⼸֣ȷһǮˡ
㡫
·ںͽһ㣬˵Ļȴô¡
ҿʲôý㻨Ǯ£
ĪǸڶʩνƼģ
䱣
ǲܣ䱲֪ԼͷƤʲôǼӿٽ͵ϵͶ겻һ涼û
ţôź
䱣
⻰ûӣֻóԼĲϣſ
ֻһӣ඼鲼
ףʢŷһһҶΧסһֵӡ
ֲϼƶգŰûٶ˵ʲô
ܹ齭䱻Ļ˱˵鲼
Ҫǹ̫࣬ǻᷳ
ԼܱǸǲҪٲʶȤǻᱻɡ
ԼŨѻ۽޸£ȷʵǾϰɡ
»ʱʱɨȥ۲찢ŵɫˡ
ͬͬˣôоŲأ
Ҳʲôԡ
ֿżۺ󣬲ת׼Ӱϡ
棬һţҪϴ֮ʱӽ롣
鲼ӣͱģò
ʳԵʱʣµŹǣֶһ
˽ųԣܸպóꡣ
Լһ׷ŷ֭ڴڳš
ķζܺõĳټӵζֱӣ
극̫ȫɽ䱵򣬷̨ϡ
ΪŴˮϴ
ǰ°˿ˮְ˸ȣ䱾û׼ϴ衣
˿ں˴룬ˮҲ¡
ŵͷ߽ԡ֮С
ŵ͸պÿ·һһԼϡ
ǰ⣬ڼĶĻ̌ɨȥ
ϱůճһĨӰ
Ӱɽ¶ˮɽŴϵԽԽ࣬ӰҲԽԽϸ
ӯӯһյ̵֫ͦΡòײеĴȡ
±ʵĶ𽥻ֽ¼ʲôֵַ𽥷̡
Ӱ˸ƣ׼Ҩˮԡ
ɬֻ΢΢ͻĲλô¶ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰҲŻɴʱϾµסҲȥ
ôͻȻ
ëʼۼīֽ֭ϣȾһīš
Ӱζţչ߽ࡢԼʣײϵʢ졣
ȻڿƵĵһۣ;úʺϰš


12 
ˮţ´ţëʵֲ߬񿴿͸Ӱӣ͸Ͻƿ
ֿƿ
Ϊжź˾ͲΣͿԺ¡
͸ֵӰΡ
ƲסԼ۾һ߾ãӦûرܵġһ־ӰӺ̲ס࿴˺üۡ
ǰҲйϿһЩƯġװ۵Ů̲ס࿴ۡ
ΪֻĽǵġ
ɰֻǸСãʲôĿԣ
ӦֻǾҹΧûм̵еɬɡ
䱡žطëʣֱϣս¡
еİţǱŽ䱵ġ
Щ͸⣬һʼͷˣ˺ܴ׼ſʼһһحվ档
ֱڵǰ
ܾЩ˼ҲŲ
ԡܲһֱŤɣ
ԥһº־ãԷǽ䱵Ļûϵ
ͬΪŮӣֲ⡣
ңŮӺŮ֮䣬ӦҲô°ɣ
ģһ⣬ҲţΪȳơ
ʹʱģָмá
ҹһŴʱסԷڶԷ˯֮ʣ͵͵Ǹ첲Ϻϵ⡣

ӻϿЩһ׳˶ܣӷ
ֻóġ
ţְֱ̧ۣԼͷȫ𣬲ʼԡš
ˮʣڴ΢ҹУҲԵñ
ʱʱ͸ɫɴȥ̨ߵĽ䱣ֻܿԷͷдЩʲô
Ϊ档
ԡҲ
Ȼģͷʪġ
ޡ
ĸ׸ȥĸĥСŮȫÿһÿһ񾭶ǽģԼҪٱԼԼ
ԼĳطССһƬƼ㣬ٲóôࡣ
գΧסѯʼ۸֮ʱ
ĺԼᱻߣƷ㱻ߣ޸ʶˣȻͿһ
ǱˣǸƷû˿ԼȨ
䱳֣ƷǸʱأľ·ɡ
Ǽ̫࣬
ʼڴˣڴԼܱߣڴԼı䡣
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13 
һʱ벻ôش⡣
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˵գ˫ֳŽ䱵±ҡμ¡
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14 
˳Թ󣬽䱶һˮߵУʼæ
ͷüУΨһĴַַ̣㣬Ը⵽㶫
ļҲĸ洫õ
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15 
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16 
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17 
ѳ´ߣְѴŹϣ߶ѷУ䱲ŸҴäóʮ֡
ǽ׹⣬һһĸڵϣһһ飬ֱݳСģ
籦ذһѸ֣ƽصĽüëѹƲסЦ⡣
ЩʮѲ˵ԼõʣµĸɶƵʽ
Ժ󼴱Լܳһʱ俪֣ҲֻΪǲǲ
úһƾɵĲЩֿסһЩ˿һʲô
ڼ䣬ҰһƬĻҳƮ֮Уվ⣬סԼڱǿš
ȿȣʲôȿȣЩ飿ȿȡ
䱴ţ߰ѻҳߡ
һƬƬҳܵɢϷȥһʱÿһ΢Ź⣬
飬зŲˣҾͷŵ
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һѶɹɸɲݵҩžͺܿ࣬ˡ
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κߵʱ߻Ű˵Ҫʲô
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18 
ԼƤֱۣͻĺԺ󣬼ӱ¨òˣûںͰôЩˡ
󲿷ʱ䶼˵ĬĬʲôˣȻаʲôʱ
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19 
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20 
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ڴϣһϳһһͲϵ㡣
ֱض嶼ڴ棬ٶһ¾ͻȥʱڲˡ
εرסţŰŲһ˯ڴ롣
С޹ǣ䱱ڻжôֻɰŲȥҵһʵλͣ¡
䱣Ǳۣľͷһɵıֱ
ʵϣҲԼľͷһ֪޾
ǸСﳱʪحȵϢ䣬Ӻ޽ٵؽ
ĥ
ûһŵĺƽ˯ˡ
Ϳ˽䱣˯ֲҰֱ۳ء
ֻܿాţʵ֧Ųס˯˹ȥá
գÿÿҪ˵ľ룬ᱻֱϣŲ֡
Ҫ̬ȹǿӲǵİȦ죬һģ
һһؼ䣬زסһˣֻܲиԼֻҪӦӦʶʶͺˡ
֪ԽԽȵԵʣĲԵʡ
˱һ˯ǻȵͷ󺹣ֻаס˯ȥ󣬲ܸоһ˿
ԼչȥҪַ˯ͷ
﷿ŵĸ֣붼˲˵ռ̫ط
ֻҪٰʰͿһСø˯
ûҰ뷨֪ţֿģ
ֻ롣
-
ɫбŵ濿Ӱ߲æһյĻƣԺˮϴ˰ʰʰԼ
һѰõĲ˵Ͱ׼ȥ̷š
ϴ̷ʱ˵ҪһֺõĲ˵ÿһԡ
̷ľҲԶɱҪӡ
Цӯӯͬк˹ϵܺãǵЩʳͶʣǲ᲻ǰˡ
ûЩֵˣߵ̷ľС
̷ľкСҪ
̷ţ̷ڼЩҪ̷ͬ˵˵ţõֽõݹȥԼζһ
Ҷͬһ굽ͷĶǮȥֵĶͺܲˡ
ⶫֵߵ͡
̷ľΪ˵ԼԼģЦǺǵúúãҿҪգǲһ
ӹ䱵ĶȻԺߣ쵽̷ǰְݸ̷š
СˣĶ
ţϻû꣬ҪȥϹ
˵ţҨˮһСǣݸˡ
ǿɲˣ˸ˮѾˡ
̷Ժˣ䱾Աߣ߰˱ߺѼ䡣
ŵ⡣
̷ϴβ˵Ҫһĵĥ£ˡ
ԣ
˵óŵĵŶԷݹȥ
⵶֮ǰĵûʲôͨڣźâһͺ
ֻе洦ϸ΢ͬĥøӾϸ
⵶ûɶĪҪڲƭŶ
ô˵̷Ŷûͣٵؽӹ˵ԼľӣĴײȥ
ꡪ
˵˿йײ˿ľϣ
ײûһ˿йĺۼ̷гã
δô£ֻǡꡱһ
ľӾǱȰײ˸ѿѳµ
Ҫǽۼֿ죬סӣ»Ҫҵϣ
̷ţ


21 
̷ʵ⵶ķ̶ŵѵݻغ󣬲ؿڷ
˲ˣղˣӶһ
ǫϾǼҴգҿɲ
ô˵̷ҲˣǼǴտǲһ㡣гϢ˵ġ
Цһ£ֵѲ˵̷ſɻ˳֣й϶Ƕġ
˳˳֣ǲ˰ɣ
̷ҲܰװˣȻҲý䱻
Էȴ㲻˻ǿ˭
£䱲˵ԼʵĿġ
УԵãԼĵҲôһˡ
ҸԵõˣȰѵųȥô֪ôõĵȴĴš
ʱ˵ЧЩ
̷ţҵˡ
˵̷ſմϵˡ
ûļ˵ϻġ
仰֮䣬̷׽䱵˼ˡ
˵˵⵶ĺû⵶
䱰ѵ£ס̷ŵֱۣЦŵ⵶ȻģԺҵˣҵʲôãźã
̷ţ
šţ
ʹãʹã
Ψж̷ľĶԵˡ̷ţʮ壬ͽе
ҪǿĻҲǲС
䱲ǿ׼㣬Һ˵Щİɣ
̷ֻһͷۻҡҡλΣڵ϶Ҫˤ
ٵлú˵лú˵ҿ԰㣬㻹Ǳˡ
⡭
Щͷԣѵǲɣ
ԥǷŲԼӣЩͷ̷æǵ꽻ҰҼ㰢þͺãŲұ𣡡
νǲٽˣʲôŶвã
䱣ҲǸܺõĹǮּܳҡ
ֻʵСЩ֮䡣
Ϊ˴ͷ̷ס֣еؽ˾䣬ӣ
䱣
䱳ԵG̷̷㣿
Ī ˸û뵽ģȻ̷ŴӦҪ¶Ҫ
ѵº󣬽ҲûֱӴ̷뿪
صϣѾȫ£ҸƮֶ̣Ƿζ
ֱӰѽ䱶Ĳ涼ˡ
첽ҵķߣѾ밢ŻʲôóԵˡ
ݻ
ǰЩݻ˾ÿڸлձЩ
СްƵģʲôһ±֪ʳضݻ˵ġ
ƹҲеġ
Űѻƹóڰˡ
ԽڽͷڵԽ࣬ߵſʱѾ̲סưư죬׼ˣ
ֻǣֶżʳ̯ϰ忴ŴкһôԶҪԵ𣿡
Ҳǳӻ֣´չ⣡
ô˵ȴĬĬһ䣺ĿɱĺóԶˣŲԣ
˵գŤͷԺУȻŵ̻صķζ
վڹߣһʢ
ɫлһƬƬѩɫ⣬ʹҶݻˡ
ݻ
۾첽ǰȥӹеĶ
̵ֱӶѹеݻﵹ
ֲýǼڶˮεû㣬ԭˣ
ݻǰƬ£ΡȱãͷгƬκͣ¹ζټ뽪Ƭȥȡ
òһͷǾͻᱻƣʱһưˮ£˲ܱ̰ɫޱȣ
̳ͷǣζϡ⡢ݻˡ
ݻúܿ죬ֻһ¾ͿԳˡ
ڹػǰСõˮۣŨζҲ֮˱Ƕ
ݻ˿ڸţڼǺ˿ǣȴֱˬڿθ
ǲζ
ݻƹϷ۷ȥһ汧ţǰ
Կˡ
У˶ѰѰĲˣպãͨĲɫҲܱζɫζȫ
һ˼Ʈ
Եʱ䱻̧ͷֿ佱պãĶ̫óˣ̲סԺܶࡣ
Ŀ佱ҲŷԾԾöࡣ
˶Գˡ
̱Ժʳ
ʳʱǺˬģûаȣֻʣҹᴵʡ
ֻɫëȥʼֻɫëСԶ
һжõӡ
ƫƫʱ򣬽䱳嶯ڵţǷַ˯ɡ
˼̫ȣǷֿȽϺá
ˡ
ֻС߶߶ȥú˼¶Цݵİţˡ
Ǹ˲䣬ֻԼ룬ʼǰһжǻϸûнˣһвڰյİˡ
оԼ촽ڶȴ֪Լʲô
ֻܿ䱵촽Ҳ˵ǣǷַ˯ɡ


22 
ַ˯Ļ˵ڣ䱾ͺˡ
ǳԱ㣬Դͷ˻;û˰ŵģֱӰһֱѿڶˡ
Ű˵ЩҧҧûջԼ˵Ļ
˼ã˵ˣҲȥһ¡
ٿ𽥷ۿҧס´䱵ͷĬڰϡ
ԭȥûֻСƺ֮ķΧԾͣ¡
ʼͷǵ顣
๵ǵĿţǵע⡣
ŮˣһһίûԸǡ
СǻǼֲиע⣬˸Щ
㵽󣬽䱷ץֻСͰǹȥˡ
Ƕ̫׺ݣһԱίİŸŵ۾գ˼£̲ס䡣
̫ѹˣ벻Ϊʲô䱻벻˸ôãԷȴҪֿ
鲻ӿֱϣ΢ˮϣһƬʪۣ
ŬѹԼĿǵýᷳ
ûԼô󣬾Ȼ̲ס޳
ӱԷ̫Էˣá
öԷԼˡ
ŰСվʴĽ彩סЩҶ
Ļô
ֻǷַ˯ֲԼˣ˻һÿջǻİ
ңչ᳤Լ뷨Сܡ
ʱŻϡ
ת뵽ӦǼûаȫеģֿڰ˵ζһ
ԲŻôġôѹ
뵽ЩҲ˾ᣬԾԣŵ淢
ԼҪô࣬Լ쵶ն顣
С
԰ţ̲ס̲ܶ࣬סðŸЩЩ

̾и̾СȻָо
ҰźȻܻᱻС
ҹɫԶʱʱ
ſ𽥱С䱲վȶ׵ЩӲˣٶȥ˵顣
ɤЩ͵˯ɡ
˵䣬˻ûȵŵĻӦҲĬ
ֽһ䱲ȥѰűߡ
ίҲЩԼǽᷳʲôҲУ֮ǰס䱵Ĳӡ
ϺûӵߣһһߣƽӲŤŤû
ŵ룬뵽ǰҲڶܣоܡ
׹ԷĲϲ
ŵĲ׽ýҲЩ΢Ĳ
һ֮˭ãһ־Ҳһϰɣ
Ͼͬһ£ϣ˵ĹϵǺͺġ
ƺʼս
գвϴʱʱȥЩʲô
ʰ﷿ĶҪڳ
ææµµģͰ˵ʱ䶼ûС
ҲܳĬԼº󣬾ͿʼϷ˶ãˮͻ˳Ű׾¡
ûдǰǰЦӯӯ
ԭԶ̸ЦݵСԺͻȻûһҸķΧ
ӳ˺üգֱڰʰְűͷеõĴɨɾҳͷӡ
ζŵȴ̺ãҪֿˡ


23 
һ䱾;ԣô⣬ʱһѹģһ̫
ʪƣҪס
ͬһѵģѺûκνĬĬϴ꣬һιһʳ
ʳûżȥ̷š
⼸̷ų֮ʱڲл˵ԼҵôôãôôйͷǶڵһпˡ
˵̷ľľͷøˣרǰѲ˵˻ڼ˵ϣ
˵ôǵ˷׷˵ţҪѵóôҼʶʶɣ
н䱺̷ŵ»˻ôôҿǰѵ
Уÿһ̯ǰΧˡ
վ̯ǰԶԶȺе
̷ֻŴֱۼŵĲóһѵ⿪ϲƵĲ˵Сİ̫ײˣ
̷ŵĺýҲڵģ˫쿪ѹȺˡ
еʲôôǴţģ
̷ţҿã
ѵݵ̯ϰУҪ̯ϰѵ⣬ǡ
̯ϰӹе˵ߣȻӵҪǵˣɱͷ̫Ӳ
˵գֱ۸߸𣬳Ϸŵİȥ
˻
ĭȺȥЩԸˣ̽ͷ̽ǰһ볯㿪
ЩûģϣžİһƵģ
˺Ц
̯ϰһȥ˿ֿ͹ͷڰϡ
Ҫõİ񣬿°嶼á
ûʼǰ˵ỵû뵽ʼİȻ
⵶ĺó̶Զ׼ģ̯ϰпʼƵˣôõĵɵûٹ
̬ת䣬̣һҪҵѵõĵط
ĵøַΪչʾѵĺ֮
СƬ硢ȵһϵвѲ˵˿ɣ̯ϰԼùߵĲ˵Ҫ˳֡
Ҳ
ܾɱˣеʹѵָûô̸ʲôʹ
Ҫôһѵϣַɱ
˼䣬̯ϰ嶼е㲻ѵ̷ˣ
Χ۵İǲʲô첻죬ֻǵ׶߹ǣ
룡
ɲˣԺԼڼ׵ʲôǲɣ
ţҾЩ⶯Է̷ΧȥҪѯǴġ
̷û͸¶ֻ̫࣬ꤻ˵Ǻý岻㣬רŻѴ¸ġ
ʲôҪǵоƷһѿˡ
ҪʵҪҾǽ˵˵
һȥܶ˶ʾԼҪ̷ſЩǽ顣
һԿô˶ĵȤüͷɶüеҲɢ֡
ƫƫ첻ڴҶر𼤶֮ʱܲһһף֮ıӦıꡣ
ڱ˺üϢæҵĴꡣ
Ⱥߵܵܣֻʣ̷źĽǡ
̷ȽŲĽôͻȥ
ҲЩţܹ˺ԼͲףоٹһˣ
վ£ܲģܶ뿪̷Ļвܡ
ưô꣬ܵߣšššǿЩȥɣ̷ͻȥǱˣ
˵̷ֶ꣬ŵұ
󣬱˲ڻ¡
Աߵ̯ϰԼ̯λóһֽɡǡ
ǿЩȥɣٲˣ
Ҳȥɣסý໥Ӧġ
˭ͱһ䣬ܼ۾ʯӴСҵۣҲӣ廥֮Ļ
䱽ӹ̯ϰɡл󣬲̷ԸԸ⣬ֱǿбˣɡԶ
Ƚһ̷ܵľˡ
У̷ľҲɡȥѰ̷ţ䱰ͻлȥԼ
ûľ̫ãЩǼеİš
ͻı»ѰŲɹܲƬʪ°ΪܲƬꡣ
Щȥðܵꡣ
ţ䱳ɡǴһѡ
пäпļ粽ʹʱӣ´ࡣ
̤ż粽˵İããĴһӰ˲Ϣ֮ܵԼĴǰ
ǣһɡмǰС
ûгɡǰɡҸ£˫Լȴϣɫ԰ס¶֮ɫȳš
ȴӽ״۶ϣֻŲŲڵϣһȳһš
˽ʪ·ϣͷҲϣǱĿԡ
Ųȹһˮʱ޷ƽ⣬ҡζֱֱϵȥ
䱽ţ


24 
ţ
һ˫ü ɫ䣬ֱͦͦµİŵ
ҪǵڵˣϿ϶ⲻ˵ģˤʲôôǣ
粽ǰ һ ͰѿҪˤİŽס
̫ᣬ סҲƮƮûʲôýΪǴ
˽ڻУǵǣЩԹԷչ˲Լ˾ͲӦóţӦȳȵߡ
ڵʱ ûðԼ߹
㱵İһ̵Ļ ֱۺظޱϤ
ǽ䱣
͵̧ۿ ϲڻ ϲӵ
ţ Щˣüͷ̫ ɫҲЩڡ
鼫Ϊá
У ΢Թ͹밢Ŷ䡣
ܣ 㲻֪ԼȲ𣿡
ǵİۿ죬۴ദӣ ϯȫ ۶ϵĽ״Ҳ۵ĳ鴤
ʧȥ
䱵Ǳ£ˮ̲סգ ɢˮС
ˮڸһе
ԡԲ𡣡
ûýʲôԡ
㲻ǶԲңǶԲԼ塣ᱧţߣǿЩȥܲˡ
ʧظϮʱ̲סץǰ·ǵĽ䱿һۡ
ĿİͰ͵ɡɡҸɡ
ӽ䱳ź󣬰žʱʱ죬ֿſڣǵǡ
ǿҪ죬Ҫǽ䱻ˣҪġ
ΪˣŻǰҳɡԱʱ֮衣
ûãϹȻꡣ
ſڵһϵ꣬Ҳûеȵ䱻
ǽǳʲôˣһҲҵ飬ɡߡ
͹ԼȳȴӰ죬û߼Ϊȱʪ۶ϵĽ״ʼʹ
˭ĽŽڵãĹͷôġ
޷ɡסȣҧʹǰС
ֻΪɡ
ϵŵɡüͷøҴɡ
ֱŵٳֻҺȦͱǼ⣬ӵŽ䱡
֪Լ
ûһۣ첽߽̣Ժӣ˿İʪյİŷڴϡ
ñӹ
ûйǰɡ
Ͱŵ˭ãѵԶ׼
ܵ겻£ɰô죿
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Σ䱲ʪյ·
ĵİţغߴӵصͷָסӡ
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ŵĶûֽͣ⿪Լ£ýܸеؿļ
ʵͦŵģŮ¶첲¶¶Ҳʲô
Խ䱣ܾĶԾǶԷһ˲˲Լ
·Լһһ˵Ī
뿴ĻҲǿԵġ
ǰԷû뷨òһΣϣ䱲ϣܲ˯ݡ
ŵͷʪķ˿̺£˿˿ƴϣ۰ںγɼ¶Աȡ
СµҲٽ⿪ǰƬѩ׼¶ڴС»ͦح̵ˡ
ӣ̽߾ԡ
ʲôڲסˣȴʲôʡ
ʱ·ͻȻͣͣһ˶ڴϣ䣬ԡһվűߣݺһ£ɫͨ죬챻ˡ
䱸û뵽Ϣ֮䣬žǶ̹ˣ
أ
ⱲӡϱӶǵһοŮ壡
ϸ嵽ƱţݹԲȻ£ȴŵģźƵģҲģǰЩʱղųԹʲô𣡣

䱸оԼӿԶ崻ˣȫ֪ôӦ
װ׿˰ŵӺһͻȻסԼıӣܳȥ
ʱţ
嵽ԺУԺ˴꣬ŸоԼ£˼𽥻ع顣
䱶̧סԼصĸ̾ȻŮԵʥͬΪŮԵҲ˳嶯
ʵͦ뱧ŰţһƬģɲУ̫ˡ
ŹƻΪǱ̬
йֽ˺һվʱǸһصŮӡ
ߵ̨ԣ𣬼ҩޣƬҩУżźȥ
ˮӣǽˡ
ȴõͬʱ߽У滹ûü̵ĵͱӣһЩԼӡ
رֵʰŻ·ûˣŽġ
ŴͷڴߣӲԼͷϵˮ
Щ㲻׽䱵˼Ҫӣȴְ·ܡ
ҲپᣬֻŽ䱷ǡ
ٰӣѾüˡ
䱣ղ˿£ʱҲεĲ֪˵ʲô
ֻĬĬѴϵʪӣµġ
󣬽Ҳˣζ̱ǣ¼װǣкζ
Ŷ˸š
һ뽪¶ǣŹȻů࣬е㿪ʼˡ
ֻǽ׻һһۡ
䱵ĻڴϣñǴڶϣϢ
ʱ磬Ȼڳģʵȴûʳʱ̡
΢˯һȥ
ţŰʹ˯ȥ
ֻԽԽ̣ҲԽԽˡ
ŰŰѽ꣬ſȥŶԷù룬ԼҲһ뽪
ðܲȫֵĲû취ˣѾСˣܱϴҲ֪ܻ١
ֻСǱȰŴЩδʱǰ£һ㶼ûܵ
䱸Ū˳ʳǵͷǿ佱
ЩϻһɡðȥȴͲ֪˭ˡ
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վ£պһԼϵʪ·ûУҳԼ·ȥġ
ϸˬӰͷס̨ǰʼŽʲô
ֻһ˵Ļ϶ʲôԣˮ󼸸ͿԺŪһ١
аڿ϶
ٺúŪһ˳ɣ
ȫûտԣΪ˲Ĺĵصţ䱾һ򵥵ķѵ
ڲ˵ͷѵĴͺܡ
ô
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һж˳Ѿһķѵˡ
ɻһ
Ǹһӻḻɫˡ
ҳгɷƬϽĩεһϵеζϡмˮţƬ
ֻеֵǣǰԵĻⶼ٣Լô۶ϣ
ɽˡ
䱲ˮ벻ϼˮ۵ĹȦ
ֻܰοԼҲɣҲܺóԡ
һһӷ뷬ѵУţֱۿɼıٺһӷС
ͷ̵ﳴˣһŸҧƽӣ沢ûڡ
䱣ţ

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̽ӣﳴˣҧޣû졣
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µãҲˣѷ˷ڰϣ߽ӣȥаųԷ
һߣͷְɫԾˡ
ŲڴϣŲĺΣüͷ԰׵Ĵһһ˵ʲô
սȥ
ۡۡۡ
⸱ģӿֳۡ
֪ڰź˵⣬ʵûбãһСľͻ
мӵַڰŶϣָǹ̵¶ȼ
¶ȣջ¯ضá
ۣ
˵ʲô
ȡȡ
ŵ촽Щѣһһϼ䣬حϢڽ䱾䡣
ýЩڵ룬૵𣿡
ϸȥŰԼֻѹһֻ£˫ס۶ϴϼĵطָ
һΪʹġ
һôؿ⴦طǰŸյʱ
ʱ;۶ϵĹͷҪƤ̳Ƶģڸء
͹طƤʹ󣬿ֻҪɭɭ׹Ǿͻð
ˡ
䱴յŶߣȥҳ´£ûµġһ
꣬ٶֳ֮С
ɴϵİɪһ£ָӽסԼȡ
-
´򼸺ǱŸϵǰģ·ʪ˴롣
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25 
ѹڽ䱵Ĵϣ յü˫һ˲˲޳ɨˡ
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26 
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ȰŵĵЩЩ
ٰгɶ󣬿ֱú񵶱ϴ⣬ֱЩȫࡣ
ΡСϼﶼУֻǽĻҪȥ
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ȥܾû˵ĶеȥҽݰѰ͵
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ͷޱȣÿ͸ֽϡ
֪Ķܺóԣհ⽴̳䱾̲סʿˮ⽴Ҫúó
ʱԭŸߵĳգһѰź⣬ޱȵĲ˵
ܹʮѣΪֹ
ϵǻûôע⣬ֻǲĿɻôڷô˵
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Լȴԭأþ÷Ӧ
ССģ
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27 
վԼУ һѲ˵ڿ
ÿһȥڿ¡ϡһ·ܻƿƵġ
룡
ΧȺǿз̾һˣ µ֣ ҵϡ
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ĵĽʮ㺰ҪҲҪ뿴˵ʲôԣУ
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ʱ һ֣˶һض һװ˾Լֱۡ
ӣһȹǣ ĵҪܿ ǲ
˻ȹǣ
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ڴҶʱ ߵߣ ͬ
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ʼѡ
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Żݺݵһȭһ½䱵ĸ첲
׵۸ˣ
䱣ţ


28 
۸ˣ
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䱾Լԩˡ
ÿռĴָ л۸ţ
۸࣡
δȽ䱻ش𣬰žͻסøЩ
Դʵ˵㶼ʲôȥˣǲǺͱͻˣ
˴յ̫ϵİɫСëܿ ɵģ µ޻ޡ
˫ݺݵס ƺΣᱻ
ʶģƿߣ¿ֱֳĽëϷ
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ô˵⸱ģڰ ʲô
Ǿǽ鷳ûµĽ㣬 ԸҵġҪʲôѴҶ˿Թͬȹ ûҪһ˿š
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˵ŵۿֺˣ ̵Ľëʪ 滹顣
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Űţ ƽﶼչң ҲҪչ㡣
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񲻶ϵǰŶҽݻ᲻òã᲻ѹ
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õһ⣬¡
ءһΪ˺ã㲻л
˵ţóԿףϽŽӣᡣ
ϵİͻȻڵҪ㻹°ɣˡ
λǸڵνɣǰЩӶлνıˣˬȫء
üͷܿƵ𣬷ŷְһ㣬ɻǣ
ţҲǽء
᣺


29 
᲻ϲ˳ͻ ɨһ۽䱣ȫûпڵ˼
ͺЦЦȻСϲԣ ǾͶ˻ȥ԰ɡ
࣬ ĵҲܺã ҵ࣬ҲлķСҪϲĻɳԶ
ҲԳҲǵǮֻϣǿԴӦ
֪䱺ʱһôã ҪͶԷã Ҳܵ˶Էá
һֱãһǸŮӣ ǿܶ࣬ Ҳ
ǸƷԼõˣ ˵ΪŤš͡
һ˵꣬ڴؿ䱣 ϣܴӦ ĵ
䱶û ѴŴ򿪡ڣһʱ׼ȥģ
ǱŵİֿڵлνģȽŲ㣬 Ҫչң ²ȥνˣνΪǷЩ˼ˡ
˵꣬ ŵ༸֣Ƶģյ䱶ߵǻȥɣ㡫㡫
Ҫڴϣ»Ҫһڽϲſϰݣ
ֻûڼң䱾Ͳ֪ⶹʩʲô£öԷˣ
ǹֽ̫ã˶ФÿЩȥǡ
ãǽȥ
˵ţ䱾׼ŰẒ̌ȥ֮ǰӻöͭ壬ݸᣬŰӹ
ῴűϵĴţйâȥô벻ԼΪʲôܽ䱴
ҲúõǸɶԷܡ
ֻܴͷɥصԼУ׼Ҫĳʳ
-
ڣ䱰ڰϣСѰŷԺеĵϡ
԰ţ϶Цᣬ˵ڻˣȳ붹ӣٵٳȥԵġ
ûżػЦֹҲŵʵ㣬⣬Ͷʩ㵶Ϊʲô⣬лأҲ
ʻղŻϲѼ仯ָſðŸ˸˵ؽһ㶡
ܾ⻰ʵеΣա
ȻôỰ⡱أ
æϣôᣡҺֲ죡ô͵Ҳ֪Ǵĵ
ԭȻı飬Դʵҹʲô£νء
䱣
ûУʲô¶ûУ
ô˵͵ȵè
յԣ˵ļҡκü£ðţɱȤˣֲӣܺʲô¶ҵȻǺµһð
⻰˵Щ֣ʲôֲӣŮӺŮ֮仹һԣϲŮӵ
һʱûзӦ˼ֱ䱴ƫҹȥˡ
ûپὭ˵ﲻԡ
˵Լ챻ʱĽǷˡ
ʶϳ룬ų׷ġ
½󣬰ҲΪѽˣֱۻסĲϡһڣ
ߣŵ䱵ĻС룡
һ£ȴûôܣ¶һĨСƵ͵ЦԼǼƻͨ
ֻ֪Ǿãý֮ʲô£ֻԼ̫ˣžЩ̰ɡ
һڼϸޱȵĶſʼ¡
Ż󣬵ȻýٳȥǮʳ
ý䱰̨Ա£ָŽ󷹺͸ˡ
òˣȰڳʱ䱰ֻСԺУƵܡ
ֻСӱ¨г󣬾һֱУʳûбʵǲСĥ
ëˡ
ֻС˷ܵԺܺüȦڰźȱ߲ȥСߴߴߴ˵ʲô
κΰȷʵټе㵲оȱǴߡ
ȱֻСԼյߣȥŶԷ˳졣
ֻСֻܿͰ͵ԺУԷë˳㡰ߴߴߴ䱡
ûã˶ˣ䱰ѲҶιСǣŶŲ˱Űǰ
緹䱴ŰŽݣı仯
жոŵɫϻżƣ鶼泩֡
Ϸļ·ȹɫǵʱ˵Һ̣ǻ鶯ϲ
¿㣬ɫΪˬ෽߶ʺڼд
ǸģһƯ·ڰϱȻ𣿺ܳ㣡
Ķǳ£۸ЩСģһ¾ԺŴϵӡ
ļ·ᱡҲôѣʱϰĨһġ
ֻðѱ£Ϻɫֱɡ
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Ķÿǽ𣿡
Űֱ£ֻĨأӨǺ¶û㣬յǰרעصش
䱿ƲסԼۿɼŰ׵۵ļ飬ҪװԼûвԵӡ
ҡеģҪҪԣ
˵꣬Ķӣӵԣ淭·
ƺѷңʵûʲô䱸Լ·
ߺҷţϵحȡ
һŸóԼ·ߡ
·ûʲôɫʣɫģΪ˺ô
ڰǰ·ʱʲôû¶ȴЩ˼
ȥǼ䱳Ĳת
ɫе˸Ӹ䣬ټϸβģڵģǻڽУͶƵ֮ʿ
㣬Щ
ŵֱˮβƮƮ͹˽һ¡
ýûף滹Ҫǿװ򶨣ߵǰ
¡
ķɫûаô𪣬ƫСɫ̺Ų
˿úܽŶпˣ֮ϣǵһ¡
ղԣ־ðҲʲô
ָëʼ⣬ڽ䱵ǡۡؿڴĥĴС
㡣СģƺӰ̾Ҳܺÿ
п˽䱵ĻУͷĴһǡ
ݱסĦǵĽ۾ԾЩװΪʲôҪ
ɰ󣬸ôģЦ¶˳ֱӴ˷Χ
ʵܺÿҲӦΪԼ򼸼ÿ·ѽǺɫóţ
䱻ӦشŶŶãһġ
ȻĬ
Ạ̵̊́㱼Ϊﱻӡһ˰̡Ҳֱƽ
̫ˣӦó֮䡣
ŵıҲ̫ӦԾǷԼ⣿
˶ɣ

˯ɣ
ԼԺ˫ۣȥ
Ҳµ£˯ǰ밢Ϊʲôô
-
˯䱿ʼٵĶ㡣
ۼʱпäС
ʮѲ˵õäɫģĶȫǸ֣ٽ֮࣡
ǰǸֲãڿǲˣ
ڿԼ͵͵һ֣ôҵ߶ࡣ
ô塣
̫ԣԼʹһĻ
鷳ġ
ʣµİɫäУûſȽʱٿ
Ӳͷϵĺʼ
ļԽֺֿãһʹü
յ𽥱վͿ¿ҵˡ
ԺУŷԼϵĲ类߶ˣҲЩ
ҵǣ糤úܺãдһƬСݴ԰㡣
ڶ̣ʮվܳãʱ䣬Ҳˡ
಻ʮձڳ
ײҲȻ߶ö࣬Ҳ߳ˡ
ǳˣҪӣĳ̶ȡ
Щ綼ˮԼȣԺƶϣԼȿָ
һˮݵԡͰУҲðŷݴˡ
ԡͰ磿һ澵ӣ
վںߣҪЩľǰȥ
յóۣЩˡ
ЩܹȥǮ׬Ǯɻʣࣿ
Խ䱻Ǯٶǲģֻϣ˲С
뽭ƮΪСмһ䣬ˡ
ţʮӶˣ
Ƶǽǣеˣš
Է϶Ļش𣬰ֻһͷĿѣðǣҪԼͷϴĽΡ
ԼȲס
ǻǮˮ𣿲̽
ȺҸӪǮܹģ
ڣѽ䱵Ǯˣ
ţ㣬㲻˵ҹܼǲӦøҵǮأ
½䱲ףĽ͵ҵ˼ǣӦðǮҵģԲԣ


30 

䱶оԼϰŵ˼άˣ ȷʵҪи˰æܼңֻҪԷæʲôġ
ǮĻ᲻̫ˣ
ԼǮȥ ͱ
һŴǮô죿
תһ룬 ͬôã ŰŲˣǮߡ
ҲȷʵҪһԼһǮð춫ʱҲҪи֪ʵֵٽпۡ
ô˵ſ϶Ǳûõˣ Ҫ֪Щġ
ң ʵҲûٿԻǮˡ
ʮӻһֲʣ´Ķǰʱӣ һ²ԭĶʮӣ һָССĶһѡ
ڣ ֻʣˡ
ҲΨһԻ
ǽǵĽƶߣԼȥ
ĳӰϵģ Ҳϣ ʱ̸ܵǵĴڡ
һ ӣʮöͭ塣
Դƫһԣݺģ Լȫҷ밢С
䱵ڵѪ ſԼָپѣθмأ ָؿڴ
е㴭ˣ
ö˶˵ʮӣôӣ˭ܽܣ
еĶٿһʹģĽ䱣ͷϵĽΡ
ţˣ
ЩǮǽԼģԼҲӦģֿܹԷ
ڿǻö࣬Ҳһֱô࣬ľͻġ
ţж־Ҹõüޡ
Ůɵļң͸û֣ึ
ҽѾһˣҲΪʲô
ţָսеǮСϳּ㣬Խ䱵ǻԽԽõģҲԽԽģ
⸱ʮģҲ񲻾ԼǮȥôѽˡ

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ֻҪԽԽ࣬Զã
Ӽ䣬ж˸ŹâϱҲģüëǿƲסЦ
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˿ڷҩɴһֻҪע㣬Ͳմˮ
Ӧº󣬽䱲ԺУо˵Ӵ¼ܡ
¼Щɶ㿴⣬һޡ
ǿҵĵطͼӹ̺ˡ
ֵһŷԺԼǸԡûԡ
ˮȥϴˡ
ÿ춼ԡԲúķѶʱ䣬һ£ѺϴȥС
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Ծģ˺ü£䣬㣬ʲô
Ҳֱۻڽϡ
·еߣ¶һض֫źȥ
޹ǵָ״Եĸߣϸϸ鶼ˡ
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̶̵ָ׼滭Ȧƺʲô䱲̫⡣
һ¾ͽ״Խԡ
ҹɫ֮УƺЩͣ˯ɡ
ֱֲ˵ĸо̼͵͵ŵӣе˵ľ롣
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ᱡÿһÿһ綼ܵ
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䱣
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ס˵ˡ
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ʱٷ·һһеһжݰ㣬ƻá
ָס¹ҲӣֻҪһܰǼᱡ¸
ɾڰҪʱͻȻӦе㲻ԡ
Ҫ˵Ҫ·Ͳ˰ɣ
·
뵽ֿܣһݣ
Сɫح
˲乿סŵֱۣȰŷӦɰ˻˸򣬱ӵűڻѹֱֻۣã
˯
˵꣬䱱۾ƽԼù࣬߸ԼС£βٶ㰢ˡ
ţ
ţ
Ϊ˵Ĺϵܸһأû뵽㻹û׼á
ðɣǾٵȵȰɡ
-
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ϰ֣徭ѧҲ֪һ
ȴӰ˳𣬵˺ú󣬾ȥ˻ƣÿҲǮ
īСֺųƷı㲻ʮǮ㹻ֽҲ㲻ùֻ󣬼һʲСĿ֧
ģû򲻵⣬øҲǿԽ͵ġ
뷨ͽ˵˺󣬽ûвͬġ
ΪʲôŶôࣿ
ŲǺ˵ԼǰҲȥЩԹֻƽĻȥֻЦҡҡͷ
ýʡ
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õīֽ󣬰žûʲô磬ڰԣʼ֡
дǱһλʢʫ˵ʫݺƮݣźţܴ׷
䱳Ϣ֮ʣԼĴѣߵԺУյ߿д֡
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дһʫīûУƯ
䱶鷨ûʲô˽⣬Ҳ֪ŵ־Ƕõģ
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ĶҲ̯ϣ̸֣ʱ䡣
СҪҸĻƣ
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дýСóˣ
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⣬Ǹõģ
̯æ߷壬ԼƺԼŽȥݡ
ʱǸ׳Ķӱնߺߴӵؿ䱡
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䱣
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аƯ֣ټڣ׸Ȼûвͬĵձ˻ơ
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˵Ҳ࣬˵Ҳ٣ÿȻ׬ģͺܺķѾˡ
Ҫȥīֽĳɱ
õл뿪ʱƺ׸׸ƫͷϲ˲䡣
˸鼫á
Żȥ˫ۣޱ䱡
ЩʱΪˣҪǽ䱱ΪˣȳҲҪȥ
ȫǣ˳ˣ̫ˣ
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ֵý䱳һ·ͬͬˡ
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ʱ䱴Ҳͦõģ˵ĶѾ
Ϊ̫ҪܾòŻһ
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СϣСӰɣȻҶӺ٣ҡűɶ߰һ
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óƸ˷ֳʮװı¨кű¨߽Уŵȥ
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Сġ
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׼Լܻ¶ϣû׼ҪȢһŮһ¶ϰ
ϲ
ֻ֪ȷʵеԷϲ
ɱģôˣôͻȻˣ
˭̼ˣ
һ飬ԼƿǮҲҪˡ
תܡ
תֺһ˫۾ϣ
ǰţ
Ų֪˶٣кᣬӲÿ˵ȣʱվס
һͳµȥ
䱣
ţ
ֵǵ룬嵽ǰԺ壡
һԺӺӵţ
棡
СİѰŷڴϣ鶼ſհˣȴǵùİŵơ
ôû°ɣ費Ҫȥҳ´򣿡
ôˣ˵۶ԲԣҼǵó´иֹ۵Ĳҩȥ壡
˵žæܳȥסҵҪȥҪȥҶʩ𣿡
Ҿ֪ϲǶʩ
ֲܣͳʳԭͰˡ
Ҫǻϲҵġ
ҪȢΪޣֻǰҵǲӦ˵ģ
ѵҵѵô̤𣡡
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͵ͺ仰󣬰ѽ˦ȥĬĬᡣ
ֻһί˵ıӰ
أ
һ챻αɵɵķӦ
૵㡢ϲң


31 
ϲ ɱϲĳҪöࡣ
Ժ޹˼ɵľܾŲС
̲ס룬᲻ǰ˵Ц
᲻ᰢֻǿףӦ Թģ
пܰŶϲǰأ
пֻܰ ֻ벻 ֻǲ˳˵Уб仯
ǰϲأ
ʿˮţҲЩ˵
ҪıԼ̬ȣ˺š
ҲĬĬͣ¿ ָϲԼᣬ ڴ
ϣ˵˵Ļ
Ҳϲᣬһȷܾģ Էġ
㲻ΪӰ죬 嶯Ķ˵ʲô
ڻС ֻرңҶĺã Ҳֻǰ㵱С 鰮ϲ
Ҳ֪Ƿʲô ˵ֻǲǵС
˵ĻҲᵱģǾ͵ʲô¶ûз
㳤ˣԼϲˣ ĻҪ׼ױء
ţ
ʲôֻǰСãʲô׼ױ
Ž䱵İűҲˣ ȭڱϣݺü һֻ˹Сèֻ㣬ؿɰ
ͻȻƽĽ䱣ôᣬ˵ľϲĻ
ʼ֪ܽ͵Ǹǲ
䱿ԶܺãԾѸͶϡ
ȴС
һʱǲôܰأ
뵽Щŵֲ˳
ȻϲͲҪôãе˼
پܾ
Ȼ֪ûˣҲô
Ҫý֪뵱ãϲҲûôǳֻϺġ
ŵͷתôӴµл䣬ʪۺֻ°ʹ
˰㣬ϧ֮⡣
Ŷû˵ʲôأ䱾ǰֲڵָ˵ļֱΪᡣ
ޱޡۣЦźÿӦЦЦŶԡ
̧ۣ˫е۲٣ֳһ˿Թ
ֽ䱲ϲΪλҪô
㡣ݣˮϴȴ쳣γᶨ̧͵ذѽƵڴϣѹȥ˵ѾСˣһҾʮˡ
͵ĹǣͼΪ˸ٳһˡ
Ҳ뵱ã㣬ӡ
˵ϲǾЦ뷨̤ҵġ
Ҳ֪ĵӣѽֻ־ٹͷѹڴϡ
һֻڽ·ϵӡ
ΣǼֱ͹⴦洩뻬䡣
Ƭ𪼡w¶ăcححtҲһࡣ
ǿҵӾͫ׵ԺһƬհףֻʣһͷ
Ǿǣ˵·ôÓ𣿣
ͻ˰
˵ʵżȫѹϣҲǺСġ
׾ٰƷȻܣҸǽ˼
ʱֻԼȫ鷢壬ܱסԼιȥͺܲˣʹһ˿
ֻɰŶ
ܸоԴиͷͣӿ
ܸоԼһˣ¶Ȼڲߣϵس
ֱ䱾ñǼһζӱǻ
ҪԼİţŁyͰ͵㣡û°ɣ
䱣
ѰƿܳȥʱñӰѰŹ


32 
Լƽǿӣ ܵ¼ܺǽмǴطǽסӣ񺿽С
ôҲû뵽ŵĵô ֱǰ· ְϣ
̫ˣ
δĳ ɱϴοŻ·ࡣ
ϴֻᣬһôԶûϸӦˡ
Σѹڴϣô ʲôˡ
Nģ ָģ֪ˡ
Խ룬 ԽԼ궯 ޷ƽ
ѪԽԽף ˿ûֹͣļ
ǻѪζԺȴڲϸְϵİ㡣
ƽζ һ˿һƹס Զ ҲղǷɫĻ档
ԺаŻ۰׵Ӳϸ֣жԷڴϣؽӵĻ棻жԷѹԼ ۿģ ȴޱȾǿĻ棻зŶححuεĻ档
Щ棬 ڽ˵̫󣬸ܲס
סԼ˫ۣҲǲǻѪֱ˫סԼԴҡΡ
Ķγȥ
ְȷʵûкЦȷʵϲ
أ
ûذŵϲİѶԷϲΪЦƵĶԷ˾ٶ
룬ͰŵľٶȷʵѾԽѰá
ôܵľٶΪ֪ӱܣʶѡԣŸᡣ
˵ᣬ˵ȷʵû
˵ȷʵᡣ
˵˵ȥĲԣӡ
СӦԣܸϣҲ̫˺š
䱵˫ִԼžž£ѱͷգŪʺһƬ
-
ڣŹűӣͷϥϣһֻһ޲ðԼ
Ҳ벻ԼĸȻַս䱣
ֲֻ첻֮ˣ²ᱻգ»˰ɣ
ֻ̫żˣеҪ֤Լ
ҪʲôãֻҪͽһ
ڣƺˡ
ţϵɫȥֱ۱ס˫ϥ°͵ֱϡ
˫ۿնĳһ
ģ㳤˵⡢˱ӣڴԵССһš
ɹ飬鴦ƺҲҪˡ
Խ£䱻ᱻŵ
䱻Ǹ
䱻᲻Ҫ
嶯ʧֻʣ޾ĺ־塣
뱻ߣҪڽߡ
ҪǡҪǽĲϲĻǡҲǿȶԷˡ
˾ǰѽǮԺøȢá
ҪӲϲͷСŽӶУֻҪ뿪ͺá
Խ룬ŵǾԽµ˸СƵġ
ڴϣʱһһţɫԽԽܿڱû谵һƬðŶʼԼҪùˡ
ֲ֪˶ã洫ƺʲô
뵽Ѿʳʱˣ޷ӱܣֻܻٻش·߳ӡ
ԺУվ̨ԸϷ
ų֣Ӽ䣬˶ٵͷߡ
һһ̨䱿ҪȥᣬֻӲס
ͷ̨ϰԭڷźõ°ڷһ飬װԼæӡ
ɨһۣԼָ΢΢䵽ȵס
ŲԼȣͷɥߵ̨ǰ
ߵָ̨Ͻ뿪ܵԺι
ôԵĶðŴһƬհףҪʲô˶벻ֻܻе̨еĶš
Ե˳ŷ˿ûƤǻ档
ȴ˵θڵĲˣۿֺǿŲûԼ޳
ʱ߹ҪѲ˶˵ȥ׵ĲˣҲû˵ʲô
˵ϺϷ
ȫûнҲûпһۡ
ɰҧҧŲߡ
ͬһԣԭֵķΧʧȡ֮һƬ塣
˳ĬŲ˵ԳŶ
΢ķԽ䱶ס˼ڵķҲûУּ׽
ֱ׽һ鵰ǡ
䱣
治ɫꡱѵǽ飬ȥ
ţּһ˿⣬ƤҲνֱӳԵ
ڵġ
ѵŰǵηˣ
䱾׽ٶСһ۰ŵ顣
ȴְڷ˰ķҲûһ㡣
⸱ģ̾ʲôû˵˿ȥ
Ҳʼ˫ۿնسŶ
ûôͰ˵
ֱ˵϶УŻѹίһ°Ųġ
Ѱ
˯ʱԶһһң˭ҲûҪһ˯¡
ֻȻ
òײܱİ˯ֲˡ
ûаڻУܾ˵ʲô˯Ҳ˯ȡ
εǣڶһ磬۷Ǳһʱǰ˵´һ¡
һ˲ѣ롣
ȻǳĬ´ʼµһ졣
ԭܰСӣ˹ʳ֪ζ쳣尾
ֻСղԣǰƤǵλŮᷳԵ
һʱգܰĵطﰢǰãֻҲȥˡ
˯ʱȻᱧһ𣬵αŵ󣬱һѾٺܶࡣ
Ҫ˶þȫϡ
սܺỹǰǮ˴У뿪ʱĵϴ̵š
Է˳ǣ
ʱ䱵ķӦ̲סڴ䱻᲻һ᣿
Ȼڴڵڶվͱ䱴ơ
ڶս䱾ҵᣬȷıʾԼϲҲϲŮӡ
Ҫвʵʵϣ
ҸᣬŮӲһҪ˲ſԵģԼҲˣƽ˳һõġ
⻰һƺе
Ǻ¡
±ΧĽַھƲ
ûйôģصԼУʼش
ʣµվȫ˳ȥܹټԼǮȫøš
ֻóһǮҪʲô˺⣬ÿʲôλ˾ͻһ̯
Բܱڲƭ
ŰŸЩ䱻ǮȻ˵ǰɵɵĻˡ
иϽ䱣ҪһѳֵĲ˵
˵ҪμӳЩǱȱ˭˸
ҲһѳֵĲ˵
Щ˵ҪĲȣ˵һҪûһѺõԶò˵ģ
䱱ѧǰͺĹ£Բ˵뷨ҲֵθС
ԼһҪһĵ
ǱʱҲԺĳŻ
ϧΪƣʱܾġ
ЩедɷʱӵʣЩã
һһŮղһɵоƤ
һɾĺϲһõ
ǷӦϲŮ
ŮӲŮӵ뷨ЩרһЩŮǵ
ԽԽÿһ䣬ҪвϰƭԼԼȥ
òװõĻ꣬òȥˡ
һֱĻ۾һֱᱻݱ
볭Щ볭ԼϲĶ
ţͻȻðͷҪд


33 
뷨 žԽͲס
׬ǮƲͣÿճһĻдһԼдĶ
ͷһддЩʲô ôдȫ֪
ֻһĨڣ ƾŸод
üգ 䱶ͷܱʼ飬ΪҪ೭׬Ǯſֹ尾ˡ
ڽʱڣٴ˵Ϊ
˼ۣ䱺Ĳܣ Ӽ
˺üѲ˵ ǸԹ󣬶˵У ָлǲԣ ˾ˡ
ǵǰȲһ ƽ⡣
䱸ݶԷҪ󲻶ϵţ棬 ԷԲϣˣ ԼڳǰҲõˡ
δսƾ·磬 ôУ
ԼܴӦҲܴӦ
֮󣬾ҲûʧܵĶ ҶƷſʼûã ôʧˡ

Ϊóĵ䱿ʼֺı ϺüںϵԼĳ̶ȡ
ȻʼΡˮĥȵһϵвµ
óʹõʱ򣬶ԷǾЩͷؽᣬ̫֡
ôأ
ѵҪ´һ
˼֮ʣһڵǰ˵̵ʲôԴͷص⣬ǰﵽһ¡
뷨ðҲЩ϶ܴѵרԼҪ˳ֵĻ˵ͿԳΪı˵ˡ
ԽԽһԼĵһӦõʲô
Ҳī̵µĶֲʡ
˼ȥ
ϸ΢䣬ɫʺ죬пѣҧһںͷۣ̼ᷢԼǿ
ǡζƣȴ˿ζˬζ
ղܡ
ⶫϱֵĶԽһڣ֪ⶫʺˡ
γⶫ㳹׷ģʲô˶ϲӵ㡣
ѷģûӦʲôġ
ͻȻ뵽п
⴦طȻʳɴڽУĵλҲǲɺġ
סԼ飬ϵ̳
ոպãѵ޵ıһˮƽˣ
Ӹæӹ˵вϸ֣
úúã̫ˣô⻬ôϸ壬ҵ鵶
̫һڣĽһѾʵȷѵˣ
˵ĻǾҪˡ
֮ǰȡ˶ԷĵĶ𣬲ϷѼӹһһǧġ
ֻҪһǧıɣö֣ͦټģ
䱱߰ŵ̸Ƶʵ
ָŵϵͼˬЦŵƯǲǣ·żȻģҪ£ҿ͡
ܶʳС
ĵˣĻϽˮ಻һδͣ£ʼԼ¡
ѵҳһͭ塣
Ŀûһǧöġ
ӳ彭εЦЦʼеͭ塣
꣬ȻûһǧöҲĲࡣ
ֿʼԼЬͣͳʮöһƸ䱡
䱿ọ̈̄Ĭһ˲ʼóӸʮöʮöţֳһһݣܹŷݡ
ʮôһö
䱿һͭ壬ֿӣԶ׼öԷٸһö
ֿʼԼЬˡ
䱣
ˣöְɡ䱰ڰ֣ﵽ飬ȴ˵òУֱѹ򣬡ҿⷬ棬ⶫְɡ
ͺͬôһʮģ
ǳӴӷժģֻ˵ܵѺӣûвӦġ
ưУ
䱣
ӣҪʮģ
䱣
½¶ıˣ˺ôǼһġ
ˮƽеһƴ
Ӧӳ򵽶
򣬳ͬ⣬ֻô㡣
ųӴ齵Ŀջ󣬽䱷ǷĻãûиãֻеɰ͡
ѵһСżѳߺӣ
̻һɢֿٱ䱽ţųԺȥ
õϲãʱýԼͰŻڲ˵Ľ׶Ρ
ܵ߶£Цӯӯţ㿴ʲô
Ҳз㣬˵ʱһζֱһ
дЩҵֽԼдĶϣƮؿŵķ
ǷȷʵûֻôҲȷʵⶫʲôõģ
ںںģ컵ˡ
Ŵͷ͵Ӧһš
䱼ǽʳϰɣʲôжУҲģ
ŵͷ²ߣš
䱻˵ʲôɲŸһȤûУ˼Ȼֹ
ֱ޿գ£ͻȻЩġ
ƽ˼ֻ˵һС£᲻ԼͬЦ̵ġ
ڣűƽдŵƻӦҲһָ
ԺȻԭض˺һվŶ̨ȥ
ȷʵӦȥҰŵġ
ѡַͬ룬ôһ룬Խأ
֪ΪһһģЩܡ
ѷ̨Ϻ󣬽ֳĬŻصԼĴС
ȴҲܾĴˡ
ԺУſŽ뿪ıӰҲԼʹ
ӦĽ䱵ģҪͽģ˵ýת⡣
Ҳ֪ԼôˣֻúۣǸɲǼ᲻˿ȥӦԷ
ֻŷŬѹסԼĸ
ǿԼҪڽǰ޳
Խ룬Խѹ
̾β㲻Щʳóʲô
ϴμгѪЩ
ǾӦóЩ嵭ʳ
ɽ˵ϲҪӵǸķ
ӵɣԺõ㡣
ǷӦǲѰ֮Ҫһ£ܻĻԺ󽭽㶼һֱԵˡ
ŰԼıīֽռãŲ̨ǰһŷš
ǷںڵģеڻˣҲֻ֪ܲ
ôأ
оһŷַʮ׻ɫСӦˡ
ѵԱߣСӲʮȫһ
ܹõ
Ҷãֲ˷ˡ
꣬͸ˮͲˡ
ԺеģʲôܻǾܹ紵ɹûбôչ˵İײ˺ͷܳúܺá
ûֲɣ
һ뵽ԺܿԼֵзôϲãž̲ס¶Цڴŷܿ쳤
ţֿԼֵķ͵ѳ֦ѿ˲ϳ̽Ѱ Ҫסʲô
Ǹòˡ
óͶѷԣкܶòϵϸľˣžóһһˡ
ãְһ鲼ҳҪĲóװ˺ɲ
òѷڸϣû̫˵㹻ķ϶ˡ
æЩСڴ޽ˮȵú˵ġ
ûϢߵ̨ǰ׼ʼ
߲ࡢĭ˿ɺҶջ衣
ÿһƯŲۡζҲУһݵĴڡ
нŵ񣬱ԺС


34 
ѷȫ Űƶǰ䱲׼ԡ
߲࣬ǰϸ飬 нڹзζ ټˮײϽ졣
ζ뵽ܵİ֮У ÿһ׶ޱˣʱټϴĸʱߣֻʱ߱ɫɹػ
¶ȵĽͣʱˬ۵ĿڸҲᱻС
Ҩһţѽ䱵ͷʵ ̫컹пǺ
ôóԣ ٶ
һ࣬ей׼ƷĲˡ
ĭɫ貣 ĭ࣬ ֻĭҪȼ뽪
Ȳʱʹлһ¹ ɫټ뽴͡ˮۣ Ũ
ʱ һĭԵɿˣ ЩĭװбáϴȰгɿ״ĶУͼƣ ټȵļҺ
ȴҺͣ ɼĭжϵķȡ
һ̽ƻ۵׺š觡ıˡ
ⶹǰýȥģֻ˼Ǯ٣ ûн
䱲ɵɵȥĶ򣬶רԶ·ȥгġ
ʱվڴſڣ̽ͷȥԶвŰĵ㡣
֪Էȷʵϲˡ
˿֮ǰһ˿ڵľС
ֻṩζǣ˷
ô˵أڸȷʵ𣬷ҪˬЩͷ󺹣ͣسš
ԷҲˮȣŲһɺҶջ衣
ɺ;ջǱеģҶʱһ㡣
ȡҶ򱻰ϴɾɹ
ôͷգҶͱɹɡ
ʱˮȽȥ
ҪñЩŶûԼڲأͿʼϵغŽĲˮ
һٷˮȱˡ
ǽûôӰ죬Ҳͷ󺹣ôֵס극ŶһȥĲ裬š
ò˵ʳϣ׾پܰ
ϲòС
ҪǰһֱԾͺˡ


˼ѽһ˲ֱ壬и֣
УܻԼҪô˽
ð¶ϡ
ڽ䱶İŲ֪ʲôֻͻȻ˸飬ȻظеĲ衣
ʼʰӡ
-
ӣ˹ùѵˮ˵֪࣬ʲôʱǸͷ
Ҳ˸˵£ǾǰŵĽ׺˴룬Ѿǰˡ
ֻǲ̫࣬ۡ
ſߺ󣬽Ҳôʶʶˡ
̫˽ܣֻø̷֪źС
˲Ҫ
Գ˸ʱ䣬䱰Լ뷨߰ţ˳صͷ顣
ڶգ׼˳ȥ̷ź
̷żиôɿɰӣɸˣýҲ¿һˣô㡣
óƽ᲻óԵǣðųԡ
ʵʱڲڼңڼҺ̷űûٶʡ
̷żҳȥϣͬʱΪԷ˰š
ѵˣҲܸˣԼӶпԷ
һֶжˣ
Ц
ҶǼˣóǰŲѣ¸䱶˵İŷࡣ
뿪ڽϹ˹䣬ˡ
̫ûгţһжòУһСľ͹˺ܶӡ
䵽ʹЩվס
䱼״˸ӣŵ
ȥʳȥʳ
ŵĽ۳ǸӣȻǲٻѴʱӦúϢǡ
һӣǴ㲻Ҳġ
΢΢һƣͿչзһɫķ
ԼĪָ߳ýƣƮּ顣
Ǹ˲䣬ž;úʺϽ䱣ѾԺԷģ
ǾޱӢˬӢ
嶯ӿԴѯƹļ۸ƽﾫϸˣҲûͻǮ
ԼջǮȫˣ
õʱߺ죬Щ˼Χˡæѷ󣬵ͷȽ䱻
һӺ󣬽ž¥ʳл׼Żؼҡ
ǿվһȳһոڽ
۵ģȴ̵ģȻؼҺҸѷ뽭䱡
ǰĽû߼̾ͣ
ŶѾȳˣôҲ֪ۣ
ʱĽҲٹʲô־ˣֻƽƽŻȥ
±԰ŵұ㣬ǻؼҡ
űԥžܾһġϣκſȥˡ
ſȥȱϺ󣬰ŰǼ򴦣ǵز䡣
̫ûܹͽ䱵ˣֻǱŶúҸԶſڽ䱱ϡ
Զչš
䱲ƽȣûиܵʲôͱؼˡ
ϢһŴʳó׼ʳ
ʳҲܷʢ˺һƷ
εƷȻǲܷʳˡ
Թûãʳ֮ʣ糿ż̷žȻڴС
󻹸һ̫ߴϸˡ
ͨԺеǿŵģһ룬䱾Ϳˡ
̷к£糿ӦҵģͲöһˡ
߳ȥӭӣסж̷ţ˳Է֮ˡ
Ҳڴ
࣬Ҳ֪Ƿǽ䱳ԭ򣬿ȻȶԷҪʵЩ
ʲô£
ɻؿ̷š
̷Цǣ֣㿴ôòȳƣһ֣ƢҲãദá
ҪǣС
䱣
ţ


35 
̷֪Ǻģ Էˣ־úͷۡ
ڵ˼ͲڳϣȻҲôżæŵס
ֻδֱͨӾͰ˴ס
̷ŷ£ ӣ Щ֪˵ʲô
Դϴ˵ϲ׳ģ ϲСĺ̷Ż͸һϱ׼ġ
ɽͻȻ֣е忴ûӲʣ»һȭͱſˡ
ĿǾƣƷԲ̫õˡ
ΪֹҲ̫أ ûһ ͿʼǷزŪϷŵСߡ
ôô˲˳ۡ
˾СܲСŰɣ
˰ž͹ һ
Ϣ䣬 䱾͸ح̣ ޹˼ɵŶԷ棬̷ŵʡ̷㻹ǱΪҷˣ Ҫף ԻѰýţ ȽŲ㣬Ϊرߡ
Ҷ˶δദ֪ʣӳǰ߼ ̷ȿڣ ǶǿӵģԻģ 񲻷ǳʣ
òãҵҸ֮ˡ
˵һУڽԱߵϣɵġ
״䱺̷˱鶼ԡ
̷һøܵģǸǰ˿컨׹޽С
̷һֶԷܷϽ䱵ҪҲŴġ
ôӣ
ʲô⻰䱷վֱ壬ָһû˵һҴҲ֣
վֱ壬ȻԵñеĻ֣߳һ˫ž޲ؿǰ֮ˡ
ûʲô飬ȴ˺¡
·һǴƾȵˡ
ӣ
Ӻ̷ͬʱ飬ͻȻý˾Ͳ㱻ȣ
ŵ̷ŽŵվǶԽ䱵СûŵģǸ
ֶӺǳžôģѿǰɣؼң
ӻЩӦúõףô㵽ҪǸķݶˣ
˵˼
ôͳСˣսӦͬ
¶εЦݣǱ˰̷ţӲˬǲ˳š
ǸƢҪ֪ˣô
̷ɫҵȥܣ
ӣ
ֵ֮ţ
գֻܻߣ̷űǸؿ䱡
ӣ˱ҿųģȥϴؾȻ⸱ģˡ
ҵĲǣ´Ҿֻ֪֪׵ˡ
´Σ
䱾ȵؿ̷ţ̷֪ôġ
̷ŻǱˣĲżġ
һкüʮؿԻһ׵ġ
Žżæžܾģ̷ŶЩ˼ˣеǲԼܵŵˡ
ý˵ִ
ҪǴӴԺ󣬽䱶ѡ¶ϣ
ҪǰԼܸ䱰ɣ
Ǵ󣬵ԼƷԺ̫࣬ܺͽĭġ
̷̽Ե´Ҷϲٽô׵˸ˣӿɷŰһΣ
ãٽҾ͸˵Ҹһ˿ȥ
˿Ʒø̷á
ҪǱ֪Ҫߣ
ϴδ̷꣬žһСİѽ䱸Ĳ˵ҪǵڶȥгԷ
»Ҳ˵ȥĶˡ
뵽ǴôԼԷ̷žͲ˵ʲôˡ
úúãû´ˣû´ˡ
εɨһ۽䱣Ǳġ
䱼̷Ŵ׵뷨Ҳ˿
ڲõˡ
Ѻõһ̸һ󣬰ѽϳֵ˵һͨ
̷Ųδ뿪
-
һ˿ȺʧԶֲ߳ɫ
䱹ţصԺУԺѾ͵ˡ
Ŷڰϣ
ϸо紵Щ̧֣ѱ紵ձߵķ˿õůƵĹ࣬͡
䱽̧ͷȥݸһЦ
㡣뽭䱶ƮƮһֻʱߵĵ̷˵ý
ѵðͬ˵ЩϲߵԷ£̷űȽϲң
Ҳ̷֪ΪͻȻҪˣ͵ˣϲɣ
࿴˺ܶ𣿡
ҲûУʱİڽԵ쳣ᣬһůƹΪ˱ߣճӣͷһҲǸӣоǸղǸˡ
ǽӳ𣿡
űϷ·⣬ɲڰµ֣ѾץסԼ°ˡ
⣬ý˼ͣ١
û
ܾ˾ˣ
˳ȻôѾ˼ȥѰôһˣҲС
ԼһټϸţҲͦõġ
ԣ֪ôشš
˰죬ֻһ䣬ɡ
ش𣬰Ҳ֪ԼʲôӦ
ԼǱѹ϶ͷ̨ķˣֵ£һеһж䶨ˡ
һģַȴۻġ
Լʲô¡
䱿ܸͣϲŮӡ
ŵֲӿ˳ǰһƬģʲô塣
ҲƵģҷý
̷˵ý˵Ļӣ֤ԷͲϲŮӣǼϲŮӣҲûŮһ
ûˣ
һжֻһԸˡ
֮ٴγĬŬѹԼȴΪ˵ĹϵҪָˡ
尢ŵģܷʲô£һһֱ㵱һչ˵ġ
Уʾʲôһˡ
ţء
Ҳ̲סһ˿ǻй¶ǿԼ¶һѿЦ彭ЦŵţҲԶѽ㵱ġ
ôˣôˣޱޡԽðžǸˮأʱض
֣ȥ氢Ųᡣ
ȴ˹ȥԼ̧ΪԼҵزţǽǰΪλҹܼңӣ
û־˳ڰͷϣСķ
㽭ܰһǮҹͦõѽҾͲһˡ
ǰźʲôᣬҶøſǮˡ
˵ţ䱻ûû¶ЦԼر˵
ȻſЦžžøףȴֻܸЦҪǮԸｭġ


36 
˯ʱ 䱻һ˲ߣŴȥһš
Դϥڽ䱱ϡ
䱱ŵһΪҪʲô
΢ر
ɺһ ŶֻǱ ϡ
Ϩ һƬУֻвĦ
䱶һ£תŰš
ȴΪҪŸոտ޹Դʪ㣬 ұһ£ ҲǿԱ˯ġ
ǵȷʵǡ
֮ûκν١
оǲʲô䱵е΢ʧ䡣
ѹŰŵֱۣ Լת˸ һŵİӵ뻳С
ϵζ̫ƣ ӵһζһ ֱ˴ˡ
 ԴŰȰĸо ýƵһɨա
֪ʲôʱʼаڣжɺܶ¡
һʼ磬 ûŬ ֻҪͺá
ɰѰŴؼҺҪץǮ ܶǮˣóԵĶ
ܶƯװ簢š
ðųΪƯС
ԵѰűڻʱ䱲ͻȻһľ壬Ȼͬʱ
̤̤ʵʵģ֪Լһ˯þ֪Լڶһɾ
̫ˡ
Ȱ֣ϣ˸ӵлܡ
ðƵģˡ
һƣ΢ţССڴ
ֱ죬ʵڼֲסʱſʼ
㣬̫ˣɡ
΢СԲƵýûеһʱ䷴ӦҪ˷ſ
ס˵ѹз
Щˡ
䱾ͲϲŮӣ䱾֪ϲŮӵġ
ȴҪֶţռˣ
˵ֻõ
ôڰö˭
ɫԽ̺죬ϸһƾסحеѱѹţܿһ̲ˮ
Ծ
ʪϢڽ䱶ɤзϸֽĵ㡢㡢ˡ
ıԣɲС
С뽭䱶Уý͵ػԼڸʲô
أôˣ
ռ˱˵åֻǵһ£ֶȥˡ
Ҫһ£ǻˣֱֻӡֱӡ
ֱʲô
ô뵽װŵģ
紥ջԼ֣ʵʵ಻Ҷ
СＱٵĺ͹̵廹ߡ
һƽ
űѻŨ۽޸£̾Ϣ˯ɽ㣬Ųġ
䱣
иˣ
-
һҹΣ΢΢ʱ䱾˹ûüȳԣܵУӺش
ΪģֻΪһԼʣľ
åƵģ˼ҹϴ
ʳ󣬼ʵڵȲԣһ̰Ѵװһװʣࡣ
䱶ȥ
ͣ´ӹԷеĶϣһʳ
ԹҲûлصԺУһСʣڴǰ
ˮú˼
ЩС̷ϵãʱкЩȴϵȥڵĳ̶ȡ
ʯߵ̣ⶼʲô
ǶͺõòУֱϲᲲϵΧȹվһڴǰ
ӹҨðĶݿǵĿζؼŵϡ
ɵذ룬ÿһǰ
ſţһλͬ䱲ߣȴ֣ŴֲµŮӣӣ̡
һͰѶж£űⵣһƨڶ̺ʹмĵϡ
ֿϢֲ⡣
ЩŮǸʲôģǸ
ЩãܿŮӵע⡣
ŮӿôƯˮһλСӿ΢ֱЩü𣬳尢˸ۡ
ﾭЩԼϷ˶֪ɵɵصɴ۾ǸŮӡ
ɰģŮӵע⣬ŮҲϢˣֱվߵǰ
ŵ°͡
ڴĽ䱣ְ۾ɴʱͳȥˡ
ʱסŮ֣ݺݳԱһ
˻Ů¶ʹı飬һֻȥץ䱵֡
䱼״ֱӷְƿ
ƿǰסŵ˱ڴС
߸ߵεǰ棬Ѱ̵ͬŵʵʵ
ԷŮӱˡ
ǱƿŮļסκסԼ
ڽ䱺ͽ̽ͷİɨ򣿡һ
űⵣˡ
ΪļСӣϷϷû뵽ӵġ
Ůߺ󣬽䱲ת԰˵ԺˣͶǧ˵ˡ
˿Ʀåðű˵ǡ
ű鿴Щ¶ɵͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ΪŻֵŮӣգŶǰ
żŮӣкϣ
Ů궫ϢʱҲߣͬŴһ֪˵ʲô
ɰѽЩƣ
ɴ˯ʱҵˡ
Уɻʵǽ㣬ҲҪѣҲҪȥѽ
㲻˵˰ҲԼŬԼʲôء
˺ܺõģҾÿԺѵġҲסѣᱻ˵ģ
֪Ƕõˣ㲻ֹҵģԲԣ
䱣
ֹġ
ҲҪõİɣһͲϣͲӦýӴ
ɶϰգգ͵Ĵ۾ʲôܾĻ˵
ֻĵԡ


37 
䱰ѰȥĻ ӣձǴ
ͺɻȷϰס
ˮ򸽽һɻأ ֻǾλЩǲ塣
ճ֮ʣ  ˳Ѳ˿øԷ
˿ҪȰѸɷαƬüȵƬϻ̳СȳƵĶ
ʱԵĸΪȶȶ죬񡰹ܾߡһ㡣
ٰıԵСۡĥ⻬ γһſ׶
ܲһʳ ʱͻᱻĿ׶иһϸ˿
Ħ ֱʳȫг˿Ϊֹ
ⶫ̫ Ҫ˿Ĵϸ
տʼʱ 䱴Ŀ׶ǴСһг˿Ҳÿһһ
뵽һģߣ Ƭʱģһ ܱСһĿ׶
ٰѿ׶۴ĥ Ʒ˿ˡ
̷źú󣬶òĻ̷ľ飬 ܲľͷһֵСء
ŵʱͲױ˵ ҲԷĵøˡ
ڶգ𴲣 ȥͶʱ˺ɻصľλá
صҾֱӸ߰ţԴȥ档
ɻﲻԶˮ帽վͳʱܵʱ;ԳԷ衣
ˮǸˣǴֳ֣Ķû࣬ϼǮ
Ϊ˴ĴܹϺӣҧҧʼ˵ɽˮѴӸΪ
Ϻɻ㣬Դϵ˵档
ҪժɻҪ㡢ҪԲʲôģȡһǮ
ԴôĺЩ
񳢵ͷְһȦԡѼԺӿųȥϢԺȡ
еũֵʡ
ˣˮһ¾ͱʮĸ壬ҪѧûȻĵƣȫʧܸա
õڶҪȥ󣬰ۿɼĿʼʲôʳմȥˡ
ʳģЩ㣬ôȥԡ
ڶһ磬̨ǰͨ
ͨԣÿʳʱԣᾫ
ʺҪ֮ϼ飬һնʮ㣡
Ų˵¾ͰгƬгɶΡ
ˮ󿪺󣬰ƬУӵΣһýƬûô󣬾Ϳˡ
һִ̣װϹ˳ԵۣǡƬлˮÿӽɺ״ɱ
ͨˡ
е䱳ԹĴͱֻǼӽ档
ζߵ̨ǰ͵͵һе׺̵ıҧһڣ
еζͽζֱǻһ¾ò𴲣ԴЩµˡ
Ŀڸк־ĿڸмһĪ˾˼ҧһڣеĶδ£ҧڶڡ
̫ŵĳһͨ󣬽촽ĳ尢ЦİҡͷõĽ赹Ĳ
ȡ
˳ԹȺʳװŸСʳУͳš
Ž׺ˣҲûôߵʱҪһЩ·
ѽŲ뻨ǸԩǮѽǸɣǸҲһġ
ָŵһţ¿
ţ¿ŵľ峵Ǹ˸ġ
֪ǰ󣬻ȥˮͺɣ׼׬ӡ
ţ¿Ҫ˲ſߣŽȥѡһһ˵ţܱˣȥľԶҲһǮ
ðţǰ棬Գ⣬ͲðˣҲȻᱻ
ţˣϳũߺһˣҪ߿
˵գһţƨϣţһͿʼǰߡ
ϵ˶Ϊԣ󵹡
һ¾ײ䱻Уɫ΢죬ûüֿͱС
£ʲô޹ˣ䱻úȡ
˼ܵģ࿴ۡ
иحഺõСŮĶ˵ԺҲҪôƯϱ
Сӵʼնģȫ ˶ˣ
СŮ裺
䱺Ͱţ
-
һʱţͰѴҶ͵ˮ塣
ˮȻǷչˡҵĴӣͷŸոճͼˡ
Ⱥǣ֣һߵɻԡ
Ǹ޴ĺɻأһȥվڶȺһƬĺڵ㡣
ˮ廹һУ˺֧ܶȥڴγһƬһƬС
ÿﶼ̺Ҷ۰׺ɻڴԿһ󣬾˴СĵӣڱϹŷ羰档
Žմ˽䱸Һ̣꣬Цӯӯģɻ
ſţ䱾и̾Ҫֻͺˣ԰Ѱŵģ

ϢһЩ˷裬ָڴȥҰˡ
˵ҰˣʵǴԼԼģΪ˸һЩȤ
Ͷ衢ɻһϵַ
䱶Щͨ費ᣬɻǿܽӼ䣬ͶһѺˣ
Ҫǰžżйεͷŵȥ䱵⳥
ҪȻǿҪӣ뿪
ʳǳԵǺɻ硣
ɻΪ꣬ˮСʱٹۺͼҺɵ͹ըƣһըɻá
ʺҶĥɺҶ֭׺޲ʰ࣬Ҷ֭һӣ̵ĺҶͰˡ
ٰѶҶ֭󿪣ۣúɻڱ̵ףҶ֭Ҷ̣֭ӱзС
Ө͸Բ⻬ŷ۰׺ɻ꣬Ʒɻˮá
һǺҶлһֻȥͷȥβȥ࣬һõζϻȵŴ׺⣬úҶʵ̶״
þưѺʪںҶߣ˿ʱܳ
ĵˣÿһ̺˺ɻҶ㣬
һ˷İţʳٶȶ
ʳɢŲʳϺ˲׼ؼҡ
ţҶɻȥɣҿɻ硣
ɻ粻е㷱
䱵ȻûʲôģϰŸͭ壬һѡ
꣬ŲŰδ˵Ļ˵ãҲ³
䱣
üͷԾЦʧеĺҶɻˣ
-
صУ䱻ЩƣôҲ벻ףΪʲôźʲô¹ϵҪЩ
ˣ
ʳʱҲһָʹǰЩĽһ߶ʲôԴ¡
䱼СֹҪø£Ŷû
ɣֲŰ
벻æɣֲ밢š
ǽѣֻһ߲ԸһίͰ͵İŰŸʳ
ʳԵǴˮĸҰպýͼļ
򴫹պ˳Է
Ұ̹ˮ͵ذ
óǺóԣǽܾÿŲҲġ
һӡݡŰõĺɻˮǰҰˡʳС
ʳеݸ䱣ýȥ͸
䱣
Ĳˬﵽ壬䱽ӹʳкطڵϡ
ûƵس尢ŵȥ
źصͷƺһ˲ò̫һȳһ׼ʳгߣȷʵЩЩЪϢɣȥȥͻء
㶼˻ҪȥģʳУ֪ԼȡֵǵҲȥҲϲ
£Ų̧ۺͽ䱶ϣͨ͸·ܿ͸һС
ɫ𽥺£ᵽЩƮ죬㣬㲻ġ
㲻һ˵Ųϲңһֲȥұ˵ġ
㲻˵ģҪ׼ױ𣿡
Ī㲻׼ԲŲȥұ𣿡
˵ţǿЦһ£ȴһ˿Ц⡣
ʲʲô䱱ͻ¡
ޡױ
žô޸Ǹ
²䣬Ųܡܼ޸Է
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ĺɫ£ֻԼģȲֱ֪ܳšһʱյĽʳȫûãѹס
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һ
˵ŵĽ
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żԭأûʲôӦ£ˤڵϡ
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ɣöû˰ɡ
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ȥʳУ䱶㿪
ٴΰʳзһԣ˫۱סŵͰڰϣ
ȥϲϲҰɡ峯ǰ˫۳ڰ֮ϣѰŽڷ֮䡣ڷӵãһ˲˲Űţ漫ˣ֮ǰҲԣǸʲôû;ܾˡ
ںˣҴ뵱Ľ㣬һ𡣡
㲻Ҫ޸ˣ޸Ұɣ
ţ𽥳ˮڶҲڶ
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Щˡ
½ǱΣô˵ġ
㣬ſҡѹԼĿǻ΢ϲңǾȷſҡ
˻һſţִٵվԭء
ԼǰòУʲô¶Ҳ£Եݵ˾֪ˡ
žԣȴ
ҪͰŴˣͻõճˣ
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֪ŮӺŮӼϲҪЩʲô𣿡
ָ˳Żڽ䱴ϵ˵㣬ֳ»˳Ĳʹý䱺ʣ˳ָƮ
Щֱ
¹ҹУһСҡҡλΣѽԴҡˡ
ָͣ촦ֽ𣬡һĴѣסÿһ壬ͬӵһȻ󡭡ռ㡣
ָ·ϵӣһֻʣһɫ¹š
ֻҪ·ҲΪ谭ᱩ¶¹£ᱩ¶ڰС
䱺ٴʣͻȻÿڸͻȻڵİʥɣ
ŻҪռС
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룬Ӧ֪Ҫôġ
ͬУֱŰţðű޿ɱܡ
һжʦͨģ»£ǣŰŵ֣Լظϡ
üë΢޿֣΢ƣ촽ɣãռҡ
ţ
ţ
ء
б۾ɴ󣬸Ͳ֪ô֪ߣȻֱӡֱˣ
ƳǻУ֪ô죬ô
Ȼܶ໭ͻҪʲôǺµġ
Լﶼû׼ã
˵ϲ˵Ȣġ
ٶࡢٶͲҪ˰ɣ
Щ£Ҫ׺
ˣҪԼ֣ȴŲ׼ߡ
䱰ѰŽڻУڰȣͷڰŴľ䣬컵ңңǰҴˣԶκ¡
˵ţŰŵְøǴطˡ

أšſҡ
񶼲֪ţƮƮȥǻŵǰͷһο䱵壬ԽԽúߣԽԽͷĿѣ
һ£ҪϽҸطٿҪɵˣ
˻䣬΢ġꡱ
űһصģ顪
οմѣȥ
žһ¾ȥˣ
䱣
ţ
㱼׹䣬ԨŻζĻ


38 
ˤڵϣ յȻ޴棬ŶԷʧЦ
˫ۻס䱵Ĳӣʪģ  Ժһˣ ô󻹲ʵ
ãԺҶġ˴յúֱܽŰſǰĶãôˡ
űЩ⣬ֱգ Ҳˣ ٴڽ䱻ˡ
Ҫˡ
䱿ɲô뿪
˫ŵ ָ԰ס
һͰѰŶˡ
㣬 ſҡǿЩȥɡ
ȣ ֵЩҲѲˣ ֻܵŽ䱣 ϣ䱸Ͻſ
һɣ ȫûݰ㣬ʪӵһ½䱡
ý©һģ ա
Űŵ һڰĴϡ
һ¾ͰѰ£촽ϲԾ˵ʲô
ȫ оԼƮƮģˮУһ˵ƵģĶĤͷ׵ˮǰӿÿһУӳŰŵݡ
ſţְһڰŴϣĴ׵ʺ췺ˮ⡣
£Ҳ뿪Ͱڽ䱻У£۽ĺڲ
Щߣȴһ˲Ĺģ
ôôɰˣ
Ķϲ
䱰Ѱű뻳У°ͷϣһ
-
Ժдһ䱾ͱŰŻصС
һ𣬰Щ˼Ž˯ˡ
ǿӲ뻳Уһ
˯УԺ˸Ρ
ǻѧУʱżȻһ¿磬صУҪϢһ
߽λҵƿԷԴ
ʱû룬ƵĳǴк
Żһת糿ʱλѴͬһŴ
һһ˵ͷ
˯У䱶ڸ̾ǵĹϵá
ҵļƬУֱͷ𣬺ҹ΢΢ʱ䱲ѹ
л涨λǵĻϡ
͵ۣ𾪵ؿŷ׵Ĵʶ
ԭλһԶŮ
ôεǣ
أҪŮˣ
˯һŤͷȥУ˯ˡ
ˣŶһֲˡ
ŮһǸŵŮ
ͷһͣ˿ڰһڣ§˱񣬶е㲻𴲿ˡ
ֹûһ߷ǰʱ˹ű۾Ľ䱣һкܲʵ
˵ϲҪȢ
ƶԼ壬ſڴϣ˫°ϣŽ䱱΢Ҫ׵ķɫ߸ߵıӣĽë
Щ
ûסָ˴䱵ա
ϵָ°ݣָſֵ˻
ţֵ˵㽭䱵ıǼ⣬Ū½䱵ĳޣĶ
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һͰѽ䱵Ķ󵽷죬ʸƥ䡣
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ϧջʱץסˣ
һ۾ɴգգͿ۾һһ𴽣ЦýĽ䱡
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뵽䱱ѵ磬ΪԼѽˣҡͷͰ͵ûûСû۸㡣
š
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˴гȥʱ崺磬˫ˮģ͵͵ıӰüۡ
-
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尢ŵǳɣҲû˳ԡ
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Щûˮ֣жص΢΢ζζأϼ󣬾Ƚⶾȥĸо
ϴ򶹸ʱҲ˵㶹Ƥ
ʱÿöƤ㼦ٷԼԵĲҶһڳ¡
ޱȡ
ڽ䱣ŵĳҪ˹࣬ϸʾż
¿еĶ󣬰ŵҺ㲻ѣֻ˵仰ˡ
˵Ļǣţԡֲ̲Ļ
ֻڽ䱿һֱڽӴһ㡣
ŵĻڳԶĻ̌ͷ̽ȥŵɫҪ֪ŵ˼ǲ˼
ɰŲԼĶ
·Щ˲һ㡣
ؿ˺üۣϳƲסЦݡ
ǲҶ̣ҲˣĺãЩ̲Ҷȫء
극һŴӣ׼ӣһʼɹҶ
οյģΪÿģڿȷʵã˶ܲס
Ժôã
һƬڶѵϣٰһѵҲƬϡ
ԣƬסıߣٶ϶ӹ̶
һȾ޺ˡ
Ҳ޺ãԭοյĵطһƬࡣ
ڽʱŰѺҶɹԺУְԺɹŵܲ
ܲϴܹ󣬻˺ܶ࣬ʣЩõҪٴɹˮ֡
һЩܲɣ糿ԷʱԾϡһЩͷӳԣҲһζ
ܲҪˮϴһ飬һʱҡ
Щź͸޺ðĽȥֻɻҶ
һµãҰҵı¨ϣװ㽴ȥ̷źǵźϲƣ
Ҫ̷֪ĲҪ˵ý
Ҫ֪ͨǣջƽİͻȻ޴⡢ô죿̫˰ɣҪٵȵȡ
ȡҰܲãһǣ
ͽ䱵Ѳ죬ͻȻñΪӣеǲϲԼǽܲˡ
ҲУ䱵Ȼǰ˵ʲôʲôģȻҪܲãȷʵҲһԺʱʽŸ֪ǣЩ߰ɣȥ
˵գǰưסŵ֣ϲԣֿ˻
һκϽ֡
áɿҵͷ·ʹͽһȥ
˻û߳ԺӣͿֻС߶ɹĺҶ
ǺҶҪҶ֭Ҫлġ
䱰üͷһ壬Ӻ󣬽ߣӣҿ뱻ɽлˣ
СҼ/ž֣ߴߴߴ


39 
ô˵ 䱺ͰǲֻܰСɽлġ
ǻ̫С졣
䱰ֻС˼ŴŰų
ʱ仹磬 еĶʣ ɾ򵽴õļһЩɻ
Լʳ ѱ¨װŻصС
䱴ţʼӺش
ŽԺаѽлƺúֿʼ׼뼦ӵϡ
ˮŴףǰӡӡԲ⡢轡õζϻϣ һԱá
лҪõ ˼еĺ̳Ӿƴʪ ζζȥ һͱˮҪá
ȴлƺʱ ֿʼڰдŻ
Ҳ֪Ƿõԭд𻰱֮ǰӦֶˣ
Ҳдòã дòã һжˮɣ ԾȻֽϵġ
дһŮ͹Ĺ¡
ŮֻомѻŵСм㣬 һ
Ƣ̫ã ᱻΧ˵ø
һˣ͵͵˽ӣ ԺǽΡԼ۸ʱվǡ
ˣʱûһԸ͵͵ܡ
ò׼ߣȴ·ϱɽ°ɽ
ƽͲǸ۸ģͬɽ˼ǿɽ»
ɽ˽ӵĹ˹Źɽѣͻػʹ֮С
ҲڹİµõݣμӿƿΪһ̽׽
׽˻ȥ
Ůол죬˵һƤ仧ˣ͹ĸ飬ĪĪͰȥ
ϡѪһǰϻۡ侲һͬʡ
λ׿ԽŮӣվ໥֣Ͽһġ
ŰԽдԽ࣬ҲԽƣԽҡ
ֱдһ֣ԼҲ˶壬վ˷ּ˫ȭҪ㣬ζһ¡
̾תһȦ¶ɵЦ
Ц˺һŲͻȻٽʱûϣ
æԼĸֽպą̃
Ƶļһԣʼ࣬ϣó׼档
-
սҪ࣬ʹ꣬ʼڵ˼ԼҪʲô
˿õУʱһߡ

Ƥ
Ҳԡ
ǻ
ԺֺüСߵģԳֻҪʱ䣬
ţԺְŵӰڳЦؽ㡣
Ű֪ڸʲô
úܽžԺУ䱻òУ̽ԴСſԺӡ
ֻܿһ㾰󣬿
ֲ̾ԾԴϣЩġ
ֱȥҰŰɣ
Уܸһ湤Ҫ׬ǮҪ˹øã
ɣͿһۣʲôɣ
УǾͿһǷױٸ߸ߣ
ȥֱ쵽磬䱲һվȥҰţ˳ȥ
߽ԺУ׼棬Ҿ󡣡
ӦýɲŰˡ
䱼ţۺˮϣʼݺݡ档
ڰָ£͵쳣ûг˼ˮˮ˼
źͺѺú󣬰ŰѹƽĲ㣬õһһ¡
̶̵ͳˡ
ڰŰ¹֮ʣԴ͵һڶԷð˸ֱ뽵¡
ֱۣԼɻèˡ
ŰƵı飬ֿʼŲ˿ʪˮΪŲȥϵۡ
˫ʲô۾ŰʱһͰѰſκֻǵĺá
ȫǵôҵģ
죬ˮټϼжεķװǡ͡סΡһ뽪ˮȡ
ɿڣˬθǴˡ
ˮ棬ԴһԵ˲Ͱȥ
ĸƢֻʣˬ
һ࣬һٷ˶ԵļΪˬ
˯֮ʱö֮رסţˡ
Ҳס䱣ΪذУȥǷĸ
ֻҪ£ĽСܸоȫ飬ĶԾ
𾢶⻬ֻ𽥳ϣ볯Ų˵ĵطȥ
䱣
ץסŵ֣ѹͣȴԼٵСɫ


40 
˯ 䱰ﰢŰѽлУŽʼоСߡ
СҪǼ Ҫ˼ȥ Դвϳɳ ҶԷ
оЩʱˮģҾ¥ٰĳҲ˼ĵʱ̡
ÿʦԲμӵģӮñˣܻӵĽ ܵõһŻƤ
Ҫ֪Ƥ ղأҲתȥ һܵõġ
ˮܱ߼ӵĴ ܵõƤĻᣬ μӳ
ƴ뵽Ĵλ λֱˮһ¥͵ڶ¥ĳʦ һλ֮ǰҽ䱴˵λӡ
ʵͬ죬 ѷֳʤ
һصѶȣҲġ
ˮһ¥ȱһȣֱƤϻ̧̨ ϻѪģð ûһ㸯õģ
һͱúܺá
ǻ˻ӴȦɫҰף ɼ۵ȥԴֻѪֿɲľ档
Χ۰Ǽ״̲ס˼ס죬û³
̧̧󣬾ٰ˵ˣֻλѡ⣬ÿֻﻢ⣬ʳġ
ţѡõĻһˣ˭ĺóԣ˭ͻʤ
ϣʼ
λʦȫߵ¶һߵϻԣʼѡ
ˮλʦûϻˣ޴֣Ǹڽ˵ĳӣط
ϻĲˣҲû
˵ϻζᣬζʵǲʺ˵ġ
Ѳʺ˵ĺóԣҲһս
ѡϻϵ⣬ϸۣӦò
ѡýȥȣýƣҪı仢ĿڸУԴﵽóԵĿġ
ϧ⣬кܴһζ
ӷµ˼һ뷨
ǰѳֵĲ˵ӻϹһ黢ＹǿＹű¶ȣ;ʮ㣬֮ǰѡȫֲͬĸо
ڰϣȥҶŵʼ޻ǡ
ǺͻŽֱΪ¡
ǰѲ˵̫ˣַɣ޶ڻ£⣬Ͱѻӻ޳
һ㶼
Ҫǰǿڶ¥λʦлȣȴôҲв¾Ҫǻˣ
õǺͲҶ󣬳ӿʼòҶݲ裬òˮȥݻ⡣
ѡĲǴСﳣ裬Ҳ衣
ζŨƣ΢࣬Ʒлظʡ
Դ΢ζĲĻ⣬ܺܺкͻĿڸУʹв⾳
ݵĲ㵶Ȱѻгٸĳ״Ļ
ò죬һպϣ󹦸ɡ
ĵܺãƷζ˼һʱ˲ɢһƬһƬ±Ө͸
Ǳ⣬ȴͷβϲ
ΧĿɿڴ̾
룬õʲôҪ
ѣΪǵĹֵģ
϶ǵãûǵ޹𣿡
ֺã
ǵã
λ˭Ҳ˭
̨ϣƷζλӻʤѻƤݵС
мѣŹ⻬Ƥϸ̾
˴αҾ¥ˮһ¥ٰı·ɱҧ𣬱˰εͷ
ǻǴǳϷֵߡ
Ǿ ǣǳӵĵǵĶã
ԼҪӵôõĲ˵;Բôң¥ĳʦΧȥʼѯǴġ
ӵȻｭ˵̵λãȥ򵶡
-
оĽ䱣ۼɫ£ֿȥﰢ˳Ͱ׽׽֮ʱ
ͻȻӿܶˣҪҽ
أҽ
䣬վˣҾǽʲô£
ǽĺü˶ԲϻΧΧȹһǳʦһġ´䱣ý̫պõĴˣ㣿Ų񰡣˵˵һ
ܵЩƲ䱲䲻ҾһͨͨģҪ򵶣
Щˮ¥ĳӣЩǱĳӡ
֪λú󣬶˳һѺõɿνĽô˺
Щԥˡ
ĳӲǳԽ˵ٵطڲƭǵİɣ
뵽ֿܣԥ
Щ˰˵ĿģҪռ°ʱ䣬ȥҰš
һԼƢ㣬Ҫǲ򵶵ĻȻȥɣҪˡ
⻰뵽ԼпǱڲƭģЩҲˬһ¾ʹǲģаѿϵģǽ첻Ҳˣ
ҿܰô
ԺаߵСŴ̽ͷ۲е
ô׳Уе㱻ŵûеСضߵߡ
Щ˵лú˵ƣҲҪˡ
ǣס䱵֣ж߶ԷҪ£һֱġ
䱵ͷԼǣס֣ʲôûˣ˵ðݡ
ȺԲӲôˣ尢µʲô̬ȰⶼᣬܹҲƣȥ
Щ󣬳尢һ˺һ䣬ָŰŲϳǰߣҪµģ
ְѰɫŵò԰׼֣ǿҪȰ䣬ϧûУȺ˸û
Ⱥ۸š
ݲðˣѰԼֱ˳ǰһ
ʵʵסŵͬʱɤӸ뿪ұȻȻ𣡣
˵ֱۼд͵سȺȥ
ֵģ
Ⱥ˼Դôϱ䣬ӻûΪʲôôͲܿƳ÷ɿ졣
Լҵ
Ҫ汻ҵԽпܽȥ
ֻǴȺ˵顪һеϡ
ʵʵҳһӣ
ҪǶˣͳ˴ˣ
һȺ˿ϵĴοӣɫ԰˫۷ľҪԼϣԼŤʲô
㡢ôʲôǲǡǿЦ𣡡
˵䣬˺ܣ
ӿ뽭ӵˣޣɢӡ
ڶ̵߳һĻ
ߵſڣҪû¡
µˣĶˡ
ǼһŮӣϷ䣬ǰ¼
Щ˷Ц
ֻвǾû˼ˣꡣ
뵽ᳯ
ðסƺ˵ʲô
סԼΧȹгĽ顣
ҲôһӾ鷳ˡ
ûǰãֻԱ߾ţ˵껰ǰȥĽ䱵
һȣ͵ȵЩߵúż䱴һ¡
ֱ꣬ס˵Լﱧ¶ɵЦ
᣺
᣺
ϻ¶𾪵ɫͫ׵巢վȡ
ʱ䱺Ͱ˶ˡ
žһ䱱㡣
󷽳٣ӣ
᣺


41 
κصԼУ ڵϷֱ߽ҪԶŻع
Ŷţ 䱵ӣ
䱻ϲŮӲ֣ Ҳ֡
̫˰ɣ
 ܸоΥ
ߣŲǽ䱵أã
ˣǶǱ˵ļ£ôˣ
ҡҡͷԼרעʳϡ
һߣߺ ŲŴӽ䱱 һ½䱵ĸ첲ֵ㣬 ҿɡ
Ž䱵 Ҳֻý䱱ô ҪЩһʶ
ɽ䱷˵ԼҪײܺá
׻׼ߡ
޷ ֻż⣬ ѵˮڽ䱵Ĵϡ
ͱῴˡ
ȻῴҲûʲô ܴԷǽ䱵˼
˵ܱ˿ȥôô֣ܲ
ֵ˽䱼ۣ Ų Ժȥ
ɣҲûʲô ðžֻèһеСƢֺܽ
ǰŸŵڰͬһ̨תתȥ¡
ĺҶлѾˣľ޶ڵÿ
ζƮ䱶ʱ򣬲ʿˮܴųŴĸо
ѺҶסĽлŽУֿʼ
һ峴ʱߣһ
糿棬ûŪ棬Ҩϼ׳Ľ⣬˳ԡ
ţ㣬ҪȾ̳ﻹʣЩ
ʪ̳Ӿƻʣ˵㣬㲻ȵĻҲֻе
ԣɡ
ûкȹľƣԡ
ҳִ룬̳ľƷ˷֣˶˰롣
ɱ
Ҫȥŵ룬ȴ¶ɻı飬Щ޴ض룬Ҳ֪ô
ͻȻӦġɱСɱ䱱סŵڱԵײһ𣬵ͽиɱײ꣬ǾҪںȵľƣ
˵Ļ¶Ȼı飬ԭǽ˵ġɱ
˼ÿɰ
Լ룬彭䱵˵ݣձߴЦдǧǧꡫ
˵գһھͺȵеľƣذڳ£ʾ⽭䱿ξδʣ
ˣȻ㣬Ҳһڸ꣬һξơ
ӦҲʲôƶɵģԼԼֲζζûжأǺϰ㣬һ¾¶ˡ
䱲̫ϲζ̫صľƣܾòúȣ־ƾ͸ոպá
һ߳Ŷһġ
䱵֪𣿡
ġţȹ𣿡
䱵ͷ
ţǿٵȸʮգӦþͻ֦ˡ
֦ǰ󣬾ͻ½½ڴСУʱҲųˬ𣬹Ũ֦ơ
ʳΪӦҲר֦ʳƷ
ôϲ
ãǵʱһ֦ƣӹգҲ븽ӹһ
˵֦ͻȻ뵽һļǳֵˮʵ֪𣿡
ǲϣģȻܿŵͷ˫৵ıȻأ
˼˵꾩򵽣طҲ֪
꾩Ǿ׶ˣˮԶӱ޿¶Ҫʮϡ
ϹȥҲ򲻵ˡ
ֻܵꡣ
ҪųԵϣ䱸ոռ˲˻ȥſϣϾûƣ
䱴еˣСӵģ͵ЦȤ㣬Īˣ
ƽｭ䱶̱ϣĻӶûʰֱſº̼һ
ҷȥɡ
ԾͷѵģվŷԼҲεģֺ˵ĸо
ԭҡ£Щûˤ
ǽվסֱȥ
ҲЩΣֱأ
صϣ֪ģ˾һˡ
ǲƽǰǳֹƿԷߣйӵء
ҺĽˮζĺµҹĻա
һɢš
𽥷ſգܲɽˮֻܸܱ˴˼ȵĻ塣
һʧлع飬䱳ڰϷ˫ɣȴֶŰŵ۾
ˣϦװɣ
һú׼Ƹġ
ڴչд²ʱ׼ġ
֪˶ЩЩµó׺
ңŲʮˡ


42 
ڶһ磬 ˵İڴϲҲý
ſڽߣۣȴСʵҹ˵𣿡
ٵذۣ ¶ɻı鶺 ҹ˵ʲô
ĵһס еʧʧȴҪǿջЦûû£û˵ʲôֻҵΰˡ
ӽŲӣ һ˵ı顣
ֻ붺 Ȼ˶̫
䱶ʱ ԼĻ ͵ޱޣ Ҽǵҹ˵ʲô˵Ϧף ˵ҪȢ㡣
Щģ ûƭ㡣
ѹ Ҹղֻڶ㣬㲻ϲԺҲˡԺҪ˵ʱʹҡң һƵؿޡ
Ҫ࿼Լĸ֪㷳ģ ҲҷģҲ֪𣿡
Źڽ֧˫м䣬 ۿͱǼҡҡͷС࿵Ҳܡ
ǹŴģ˲н䱵ġ
ҪǻڰǰҪסԼ࣬ڴعȦܱ
̧ŵͷֵҶ㲻ã۸㣬Ҳ𣿡
ɵͷ֪˺ã۸ҵġ
УָŶͷϵһ£סŵ֣ѰŻ۵ճȭŶԷԼϣԴǵ㲻ôңҪԺ۸㣬һȭϣ֪𣿡
ţ
Žģ򴽣ճȭ̯ڽմ
ָ߻䱵°ͣͬʱӳǰ㡣
˳˿䣬βڽࡢ䡣
䣬䱵һֱڰŵ۾촽ߡ
źеӳԼ󵽰ŵ촽жô
̲סͷҪȥǰš
ȴ°͵ãҶģҲԹҵģԲԣ
ʹҪһ𣬽䱴ԡ
ش𣬰Ӹǰ㣬ۼ˵ĴҪһ֮ʱָͻȻѽ䱵ԴͿԼ˴ȥ
ֻһ䣬óԷˡ
䱱Եκƿˣ񻹸ŰŵıӰơ
ֱһ㶼ŻڴȻʧ
û׵ء
ȥİţȷ䱿Լ󣬹򶨵ıʧסԼ̵첽ߵ̨Ҩˮ׼ϴ
Һýû׷ԼץȥǾͲһʲôʱܴӴˡ
-
˶ϴó극䱲Ŵſʼ⡣
ǣûã½½кü˵лһݺ˵ҪרŴһѲ˵
ҪʺòС
ʶ³ĵ𣿡
³ӣ䱲ʶʲô³ӣʶһû˵ĳӣʵǲ˵Ͽŷĳ𣿡
ݺӼ֪˵ԶԶԣ
Ҳ֪ģΪճ³ӵպʱǸֺС
Ǹͱ˳ǵãֺõˡ
ҲǸӣҲôῴеİ
ĳӣһѺõǸһ¥ؾ
Ե䱵ͷ˵³ӵĲ˵ʱݺӼĶˡ
ڣҶˣ
ڽﶨ˰ѵ彭㵸ԼҪʲôԼ뷨ʲôԼƽеĶеĶʲô
޾ϸ½䱲͵С
䱣
ȷʵ̫Щӵ뷨ء
ҲµģݺӵҪ󣬵ݺӸ˶ߺԺй˼ãſʼ
գ½½кüλʱ֪ԭǰճĻ³Ϊúһ
ãҲ׬Ǯ׼Ƹ
ﶨһѵٶҪһӣЩԲ˵ĴС̬Ҫģյø
ֻҪʮȥɱҲ׬ʮҡ
ˡ
ȥ䱴ĴŬ׬Ǯ
׬ǮҲ롣
ÿյÿվͳŸֻٶȿ쵽һհͿԳһСģվܳһġ
׬һء
õһӺʱգİײ˿ջˣ
˫ֱסײˣϵسһŤһ¾ͰѰײšϣˡ
ײ˳ִˮģҶ̣ɴףҶƬʵһ𣬶糿¶顣
̨ԣŰѰײһ㱻ֻС߶ҶӰӴ۵¶ޱɿڡ
Űײ˸ûзŶΣʵġ
ͽһʳ˾Ϳʼѵİײȫժ
ΪزܹҲֻʮŰײˣܿͱꡣ
ײ٣óȥ鷳ֻԼųԡ
Ƚϻ㣬һܳʮ
ҲȽϻ㣬ֻʮ꣬ڶа˸ߣֳÿһ֦϶׹źܶĴָɫӡ
Ѿ󵽣ȷ֮ʣԲͮͮĹʵ֦ˣжôϲˡ
ʵΪ÷øãӦðѶĹֻһ֦һ֦ӪŻ᳤ø
䱶Щ̫˽⣬ҲֻȽ䱺һ㣬Ҳ֪Ҫ
ڣÿοäпϺͺӣзҪӪ
ײ˺󣬰ְԼܲóһۣܲҲζˡ
䱼״Ҳ֪ʲôǵʳǾʹ϶ȥݷ̷ź
ζһ仰Ѱ˵Щ˼߻ҵͷӦߵɻˮǴȥ
ˮҲκɻˮһαһκãֱڣѾ԰һƷ̵ĺɻһ鶯ˡ
ʳû̫ӵĳʳ˼棬Ҵҳ꣬ͱϱ¨װ϶
ȳ̷żȥ


43 
̷Ҳպó緹 ̷Լ⣬ء
ԻиԼĪʮ꣬ûߣȴ۵Сӣ ͬһš
̷űСӶЦǺǵģ ˶Է¡
䱺Ͱһʱ Լﶺ泩̷ţЦǴк
ʵӵ𣿡
Ȼ̷źãҲЦŵģϲҪ˵ģ
԰ųЩ󣬵뵽Ҫ˵ĿǴ£ԼҪЩ ִӽ 򶨵ؿ̷š
ֻǱǣסսЩܵд
̷ͬŴк ֿԷиС һߴŵʳóĺɻˮ һߵ̷Сÿߣˮ øСʡ
̷űЦǺȣ Ϻܷɣ Ž䱰һƯģˮݸԼ
ԼҲӹرصл
ɿſţ ̷ͻȻһ ӦԼˣ
ﶼ˽ѧֻаصϢ ýˣ
뵽䱵ҪԼ̷Ųһ¾վס䱵֣ѽһߣԶԼ
εЦŵѽӣҰ°ǽȥ̸
̷żˣϽѽ֧ԼദĻᡣ
Ȼ̷ҲҪҧҧԣ浽һеԥġ
òãҾ˵Ҳס̷ŵ֣ϱɷ裬Цزе̷ҪͰųˣµϦʱһҪѽ
̷һʱûӦ˳Ż͹ϲ׺ѽϦҲѡ治Ǿף͡ţ
ͰţͰŲ𣿣Ҫףڸʲô
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лһֱ߶ţɱڲƭŶҪӳףӲŶ㡢㲻£
ͽ䱹ϵҪ׽Щ£Ҳȫײ
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ҪȻܱƵĽ䱶֣
֪ˣ羡Լ˵䱣ͲýΥ㡢ý˵Ҳزٰ
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üһ͵ûڲƭҲСˣʮߡһʮˡңҲӣԳ׵ġ
䣬䱾ͼԭվŵ̷ţƺһӿʼ
ŵæס̷ţϡ
̷ţϽôǣ
̷ŵıͰŶӣжǲ뵣ǡ
̷ҲϽ̷ǰ̷ŵ
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Ƿ´̷̼ŶλŮӳҲˣȫûʾŰǺףǡ
Ҳ˵˽䱵£ȷʵ̫֪׶Ӧ׼Щʲô
̷ô˵Ҳûпǵʱ鷳̷ˣǵһ⣬Ҳϣ念˳졣
˵ţ䱰еʳеݸţԼӱ¨ó̺ӣһװģһװܲɵġ
̷е룬ӹ̳ӣľ
˳Լ
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̷ľýӹײˣЦų彭ףǸлġ
ӣúúãλһҪúùӣͷϰ
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Ƚ䱺Ͱ뿪̷ſԼͻȻ̾
Ц
û뵽һֱˣֲý˵ϲֵģϲСġ
ԭϲŰ
˵Ͳҵԧˡ
̷űҡͷָż˰ѽ͵Ķպá
-
̷ǰ뿪󣬰ŽŲЩûǣסһַֻԼϡ
Ź̵¶ȣЦЩӲգбҸɾ
ԭر£
䱼ЦĻ¶۾쿴ģʵôˣ
صͷȻʹŴҶ֪ˡ
ͷ˵ʲôСܰ㣬ϲˣ
䱿ţȪ̺ŨŨ飬ǳЦţϲˣ
ţߣ
˵ߣܿļ⡣
ڲͬĽϣߵķҪ࣬ȻҲܶࡣ
ҵź󣬲һţĶӡ
Ķӣ϶ٻЩڵġ
Ͼףܹ黹Щ졣
гֵڴϣΪᣬ䱰ѰԼߣֱ˵ܵӣϦʱҪˡ
ӣ
Ǹ˲䣬ӴԶûӦ˵ʲôľžһء
ô߸׳׳һˣվվȡ
Īɨһۣʲôÿÿ
䱡ӿ


44 
У 䱰ѱΰݷõĿ˵ǿͰŲúгֵ㾪ȣͰɨɨȥ
Ȼͷ ԭǻöԷ ȷʵһμѻ һҪ໥֣ӻԽԽõġ
֪ԼҶϲ䱵£ӵ£ֲġ
ͽ䱵꣬ҲΪСӰ졣
Ժн˻䱺ͰŲ뿪 صԼС
صк һΪ׼ԡˮһ˼֮ʱҪЩͣ
뷨 ̷ֻź˾С
᲻Ե̫⣿
ĸ˫ ڣ ҪǲЩݣҲ֪ͨǣ ᲻̫Щ
ԼǵԭĸЩֵܽǷ˼ҵģ ӦҲùЩˣ Լ򵥵С
ԡͰﵹˮվԣһһԼѡ
˶ᱡ £ ϾֻʣһɫСˡ
ֽϵСӣɲ֪ģ ϵ̫ôⶼⲻ
Ǽ˲㱡
װˮľͰߣҪ֮ʱŽס
㡣űŽ䱣ͷţ޳׵⣬мķ˿£Ե߸ݣҡ
Ļ˵䱵ȻǲߵģǵĽСվ
ԾʿˮЩš
Ҳ̹ɣڵķΧʵ컣Լѳֲס
ߵߣΣǺϹ԰Ļ弡УЩŲۡ
ָ̧𣬰סŵ֣סϸϸӡ
ű˵Ų֪Ϊӽⲻ֣Ҳû
𪲱Ⱦһۺ죬ͬŵĻ죬Ž䱵ҡ
Ϊûע⣬ϵ˸ᣬЩѾ
ҲȺָڲӼ䣬ָǻ᲻СŻ
ÿһ£ž̲סһ£ݱҧס´ֹԼҪ졣
þˣˮͬɴһ㣬С
֪ʱס˰ŵ˼ӵְߣȥʲôڰʲô

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š
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̫ˣվסֱܵسԡͰԵ΢΢ǰ㣬ͬһֻ죬Լ
ĥϢ䣬䱽⿪ϵӣָԡͰеˮˮڰűϡ
˳ǹı»䣬ٴηƺߣ۽޲ָסԡͰԵ鲻ϴܣԴը̻
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С»䣬ʲôûˡ
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ŲԶŷֱ֨ϡ
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ûˮ浹ӳ׵Ρ
һĻֽˮ棬ˮ浴ɢǻ档
һֹ䱻
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԰ŵĹ½˴ؿ䣬ʾһкܶϲģ
һø׸򿴵ģ
ڻôͨô׬Ǯ׸Ҫ˼ˡ
¸һ󣬽䱸ݺӴĲ˵Ҳˡ
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ݺ˸Ӻ󣬺֮ʻ³Ҳˮ
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ǸֹµĳӣˮƽԽԽˣƹþ͹Цˣ
Űɣ˾Ҫ˵볬³ϡ
⵹ȷʵǸϢҲڴ˻ԼĻء
һãݺһǮ
ݺӣ٣СһǮʲô£
䱣Ҫ͸ңҪȢϱ
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45 
Ͱײ˺ ճʮյأ˷ʣ¶ʮ˿ػҪʲôˡ
˶ڲ˵ԣһš
ְײЩ㣬 ֵ㶹߹ͦġ
ûЩֲӣ ֵֻ
üû Ѿʼ𽥱ɫӰȥС״ɫСѿ
Сѿٳ㣬Ϳֵˡ
ҲҪ˼գ˱ѵؿ
䱽ԼĴ̣ʼ ˮ һȽĲ衣
粻ۣ쵽ʳʱ ڶʩˡ
Űٵȹ ·ӯӯ 
뽭䱵Ӻ¸ ŵ㣬 ʽ ҵģҶ㳢
úܺãڸжأ ҾӦҵóԵԵʡ
ȷʵŸС룬 ǰڽǰڴܽܡ
䱽ǽܣ վɸǮѰŽ˳
ðų
ŴԺУϳ˿裬벻˶֪ҪˣΪʲôҽ䱡
ŵı飬Щҡ
䱵ģ˵Ĺϵˡ
Դ֪䱺ͰֹϵѾФ뽭ˣЩԼ
֪䱲ϲԼҪΪһ˽嶯˵ϲЩƻ˵ĸ顣
ʱ룬ȷʵе̫ˡ
ͷֻֽһ𣬽͵ñģҡҲģֻǾǼҵͱҲһҪóЩʿɷһЩ
Ҳȥֵûн䱼ֵóԡ
ƺӳԽϸܵĴоͿʼһˣ˳ܣʲôأ
ϸѩĵĸо
Ե䱼ֵ;ãһܺԼĶںϣóԵĶ
ʼʱоڣְ࣬۶ϣģɳ졣
ֻǵĻǲóԵģҲء
ʼָʳġζϣϳµζ
ҵˡ
켦Уټǡͣȡ
Ϲһ飬ζȻ졣
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Σ̵Ŀڸⶼ۾ƲסЩ˷ܡ
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ţֵȳĶҪϲĻҳ
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ЩҲԼˣԼඹϲθڵ¡
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Щ³ӣȥץͱСҼţС๶ѱҧĿ׶
СҼźϵһ߶
ѷҲ߶øˣôǰѳץˣ
ſӣǱСȥġ
ֻСбл֪ץˣ
ʱڿûг棬ֻС͹ԹߵǰԴȱء
ûֳ棬һֻСڵϣֻСϥϣǵͷ
ϸС
ĸТڴпäС
䱱ǾäпˣȥЩЩû˼
ͻȻ뵽ʱԻĺܶʳģһʳäܿ
ͿԽóȥʳĵɣäпĶؼңѱҪЩǮʡ

ţһԿäУȻõܶණ
x50x50ɰx50ȵȡ
ôණ˷ٶȳ嵽ǰ
ţҪȥʱҪõĶԸҵ𣿡
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ţ̫ء
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˳ȥ
еʮű¨߸Ͻȥ


46 
ٻ֮Ϧ£ 䱱һ¨һ߼ϻ˸һֻ˸ֽ
صԺУڰŹе£ 첽ߵ̨ ж¶
ôࣿ㣬 ´ҲһİߵԣҪæӶ䱿ĶأǰǸСܽӵģһܰѹ塣
ûðŽӣǰõֽݸ ȥʲô
Ž䱰ϵĶȫжº ſʼŶԷݸԼֽ
ǰ˿һɿڵĸ㡣
Щ㣬Ц̾ ýĺģ ŻԼ
ϸָһ㣬 󣬲ڶԼС
Ŵζӿ ϵı鶼Цӯӯġ
ˣ ǻȥԷɣ ʣµʳٳԡ
Ҫʱȫ꣬ҪԲ·ˡ
°ѸŽ䱳ȥ
䱻û߽ʱ ŵдķ ʱϷŵĲˣѿ
һĢ ĢõϴԲĢˮǣšˮ֣м峴
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ĢɽǰΡ͡ԼһЩϣȡ
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˵ģҪԼԼ̬ףͰһͬԡˣ
뷨մĵð˲䣬类̵㣬˦˦֣ˮ˦ҡԴԼ뷨˦ȥ
ȻˮͰԡͰеˮȥɢеζ
ĻȣԡʱҲżòУµˮԼϳ壬ٰԼɾûôء
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47 
ڶգ 䱺ͰһĶʰ۵ĵطùʱĳá
ǲǴ˼ңҲû̫ һ¾׵ðȥ̷żң ԼνһȦ ȥ
֪뷨󣬵ͷʵǺһ𣿡
䱵ӣӵǮǼһǳġ
ҲҪűס䱵ͷҪһ ҲҪȢ㡣
űޱİţ ҲסԴͬԴһ
ã ƥ Ҳ޸㡣
ã ͬһƥͺá
޸䱣Ȣ䱣 ˹һƥܴԸ ҲͦǸʱܱסԼ
ô֪ޡ
ֻҪ룬 ԡ
˵˵ţ䱵ԽõͣɨŵĴ ָ˳Ѷϣ հ°
Ҫȥ֮ʣ
ڴ䱣䱣أӿ˲ڣ

ۼžҪ׵ˣ ȴӲϣԭʵı飬ơ
ֱۻסţһٷߡ
ȴһסԼ죬һֻ˼½䱵ֱۣ۾ɴüƵһۡ
С֣ȥ¡
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ɵҲģûһ˾ǰżϣʼŲ˿¡
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ʳѰķɲġ
˿ĲʱҪһŹԡ
˲˿ͬʱ˿ˣֻһԱܲৡ˿С
Ƿ١
䱣а㣬þУҴ̷ͬľһ£Ѳ˿һֵСأŵʱġ
㣬ȥ̯ʱƬп𣿡
ͷᡣЩö࣬Լ֣ͻҰæ
䱣ҪôǼ󵶵ĵƬɵģˣм䣬ƬϷͬʱƬͿ԰гƬϲ𣿡
ԺһǸ
䲻׼ȷʲôԺгֺüѴ󵶣ͬʱĻ档
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糿첻Ϳʼ⣬ʱæģʵûжʱ⡣
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һס䱵ļ磬ϴţ뷨Ҹұ֤ⶫҪ̯Ͼһ
仰ϳָɾЦ⡣
ܶණ׬ܶǮ


48 
գ ׸Ͱ̸ǣȸһӣðдġŮ빫ֻгۻ衣
֮ÿһ Ҫʮ֮һӡ
磬 һʮǮ ҪŷһģʮľҪŷġ
ź񲻶࣬׸϶ô˵ģҰŶԼдĶҲϣžԲú١
׸֮ǰر֪ţð´д˻
ûӦ ֻֻҪ׬ ǻġ
׸뿪ʱͬ˵ԼҪȥ̷ľ Щ õġ
 ̷ľУѯ̷ʹò˿ĸܣ ̷Ҳ˵ú 䱲ź̷ľʼľͷ¡
䱱߰ԼĹ˼˵ ̷ľͱ߻ͼֽʲô⵱ͽ
ģʵͺִĲ˿࣬ ˿ǿƬǰ˰װɰģľͷ ȡ
ƬһľͷϿԿϵСľƬ
СľƬһ 򿪣ȥŹϰϣǰ
˵ֲͿ԰˿̫Сˣ˿ĵпֵܻΣա
뷨ǺõģͼΪ̷ľļˡ
̷ľ󣬽䱵Ե̷ľϾϼľͷӣҳƵһҲԼԽɣ
̷ľ
⻰˵ģ̷ľ֧ˣĥ㲻Ķ˯
⸱ѪģЦˡ
صԼУûͣٵشյǰһ˱ڻױ
ûóѣǵýûҪء
㿪ͷղңؾͶһգ
䱣
ֱ
QQ˵Ͳģ
յǰίı飬ŨϿŰţСĵҪ
ðţ㲻𣿡
ֻסͲʳߵİСèԴȥˣ顱е롣
ǺðţͲ𣿡
⻰Ѱסˡ
ŵԴҲ¶˼ı顣
԰׼ԼѵԼҲ׽
ڳͷ䱣ڳͷԼѽ
ȥž׼ԼԼ䱡
˫ס䱵סһѹ˼£ѹϵӰ֡
ڽ䱵Ĵѵˮǡ
ֻ֮׼㣬㲻ҡ
Ҫô׵ģ
ڰ뿪˲䣬͵۱ס˵˱𣬷̨š
˫ȿ˫УһʱǰǵĴϡ
ģģļƷ
-
Խٽ˾Խæµ
дĻȻúܺãΪ׬˺üӣеҲˡ
ǮһϽ֣ȥ˵㶫
ûý䱸ţҲûý䱷ʲô
æµ˿ڲ˿϶һƬĹܡ
ú󣬰Ѳ˿̷ľ̷ľװϴ͵ľͷ
һһؼ䣬˲ʮ˿ѡһ쿪ʼôöԡ
·İǼֳ׷״ǰΧۡ
ܲƹϡӵȶŲ˿
ǺãôԲСȳƵ˿Ƭ
˵֣
̷Ҳˣ켣ȺУϳ˵򣿷Ҫģⶫûȥʡʱʡˣԥˣһ򲻵զ
ǿǲ֪⽭Ķģ򣬿ɾͲ׿
һɢЩԥԥİն¶Ҫˣ
֮ǰû򵽽Ĳ˵Ҫ򲻵˿ǲˣ
򣡡
ԶԶԣҲҪ𼷰
Ǹ ȿеģ
һʱ֮䣬ķΧٴλ˿Ȳ˵࣬һǻͷԾˡ
ؼҺҲǲڵġ
ⶫ񫣬ϼκʲôʳò˿ϲ¡
滺ɡ
ʮ˿ý䱴׬һʣø̷ľӸ˺ֺͰһҵ³ӺǸݺӡ
ͬʱЩʲôʳ
ͣȿ϶ƷϹҪģűǸֲ˺;ˮ
³ӣǶʱգǳзĺʱ򣬿һзȡ㡢Ҳϯϲٵģټϵʱ˵ѩ硢֦ӣԼزˣˡ
ݺӲҲȫ磬ȡӶ಻ࡣ
˵⻰ʱڳ彭䱼üŪۣԾý˵Ӷ࣬óȫ硣
鴤ı飬³ӵǾɡ
зи⣬ͲˣѾѰ˼ҳԲĴˣѾ㹻ˡ
׵ʱǮʣµľͿԽλˡ
ؼҵ·ϣȥõϲ
ϲɺɫɫɵġ
䱵ǺɫĨغͰٵȹɫֱԽԼɫϼ
ŵĺвͬɫĨغͰٵȹɫֱԽɫϼ
ӺݻΪ˵ĻļΪ򣬸ִ󸻴Ļͼ졢ڡ°塣
ͻ仪ģ
·ôƽİƣֳĺ
νǰѻڲɫչ˳
õ·˶һ£ȷϺûöԷƼԼϲģ
ΪԹϲ˶̫˷ܣڴô˯ţڶն׹ɫ۴
̷һ䡣
̷䵱ýˣԿͷʽġ
̷꣬ŴԼ顣
һȥ̷Ȼǵһ˿鷳ЦǺǵСڸá
飬ʵҪһϵ̡
ҽͨϰգͲôˣֻų׵ձɡ
ԽԽ˶ʼͬһЩ˼
Ҳûٶ԰ױʵʵصߡ
ܾҪǻǰе㲻عˡ
ǰһգϽ˳С桢֦ơ
صкһͬ泯棬ˮСղ
ﵱգǰŵûпţͬһڼȡ
ʳʱˣͬһСС֦ơ
֦ƿڸµţ̫࣬ζŨء
ˡ
ˣһ˾ͺȵеˡ
ƵİҪƽӽЩҪſ䱻Уۣ죬ʵôôعأᷳˣ
ҪᷳˣŻδףͬ˵Ҳ׼
ҲģģҺġߣұߣᰭƯõġ
ֻƭңһֱϣ
˵˵ţŵžžવڽϣɵĽҵĽ
䱣
䱣
ʲôʱᷳˣ
ʲôʱҪƯˣ
عػ𣿣
ĲѵĽ䱣˼ԼԴת˼ֱιȥ
̧֣ǰüȥмǸ
һû
û
ɱģ䱵ɴԼ۾ǰ˿ȥĸİš
ôأ
Ժ˼˼ԼһֻŰţ˳ȥ
ȥ顣
ޣϲģһֱһֱϲ㡣


49 
ôصϵģ Ѿǲˡ
ֻǵðѰűϴ󣬴ӻһƴɰСչޣչޣǷ۰ɫıѹʵۡ
ţ  ԡ˵Ǻˣ ָһЩۣԺϲ
˺ܶζҩĥɣԡͿĨϣʹ屣ָˬۼİ㣬 ó档
ŮбزٵĶ
ϴνŵζ 뵽ⶫúʺϰš

ҲЩκģ зˮ⣬ ·Һ죬 ˿ɢڴϣٲһ㡣
ֱֱŽ䱣 ԸŲۣ ԼһСľͰѽŪˡ
Ļζ֮ ĨۣͰøӰ͸죬֦ͷߴӵһ
ſǰˣ ڽ䱻δջصƼ˲䣬 ׽䱵ġ
ýвָԾ ˰
ɰҡһõĴﶼݽ䱿ǰ֮ʱ¶ġ
䣬ܻᱻǰ֮˹ճ١
ַ˰࣬ǳǳۣۺգСɵıǼ촽
һұţܾòӦڣӦڳɻ
·ûʲôֻڰߣסԷúõ˯һ
-
ڶ˾ֻèһһһ˽סԷ
֦ˣ˵ڶͷͣѺ˻
յźǸˣ糿ԡۣյߣýš
ܺţ̲סȥý϶ˡ
ϦҲɽڽϿʼֺܶɹǣţδ̷űⵣִ߽ߺš
Щ˼ﲻԼɹ߲ȥժǣţ̷
ҲָԢ⡣
䱺ͰҲ˺ܶǣţɻ
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»£ǻƻʱſʼ¡
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̷Ҳú磬ԼҶϱ潭ױְѰŴߣԼȥױ磬ȴȥӡ
̷ߺûãͳ³ӡݺӷֱϯҪԵʳȫȻʼ׼ʳ
ǸȭͷȦзʱܳӵһץϡ
̨ȻŲˣԼлϲ̷ŵĶϱԼױ
ûѡһͷڣƽһͷβ״úϵס
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ʢҵĺ컨ŲԵͷûϲ졣
ţ̷ŵĶϱѽͿЩΪüëں޵Ľüɨ˵ۺ죬ϵ֬
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ͷһҲڸߴ˿¶⡣
ǰǣν֣ĶӾһԣΪ·Եİǡ
ٽƻʱĽϣİգŻƳ˫ɶڽϣ£ЩɻΪʲôλŮҪȥףҲЦףϲͷϡ
˶࣬ǽ䱺ͰŵĻкܶһ㣬Ҳյ˱ƽʱ༸ף
һϲģ
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̷ľվſڣ˺ü⿼齭䱵ġ
ҽȫԣָϲǮűŽȥӰš
ûиǸͷ˵˫־һѺɫȵϣ߳
ӵӣΧΧ۵İն̲סϲǡ
ŰϱסЦ˻˵ͬúܽ
ȥ·ޱ˳Ժк̷Źȶ
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»ٳ
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䱲ðŶһ˶Ŷӵȴҳ꣬Լȥͬ˺ƲܳԵ㶫
ͽкͰź˺ƣ˰һڣѰŴͬһʳ
ôóԵģŶҪϣ
һʮһΧṩԲϣžƱ׼֮ʱ
ͻȻ죬һò
û뵽öˣһұϲ
ֲò᲻˰ɣ


50 
ʮһ˾Ʊյݵߣ ⻰׷ͣ¶ŵķȥ
ͲԼĪʮͷһҲ ֱӴӿŵĴŽԺС
ǵڳʮһ ֪ηӦ
ԭͬԼֵּܷҵ磬 ԭûЩݼ棬Ὥˡ
ûϳ˭
ŶԷԼãжȴôվ˭ݣ޹ʴ˼Уе֮£
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ͣһϢֹһĨΪεЦݣ һŵݹȥ Ҹɵֵܣ ֽ־ޡ
Ƿּҵ磬㲻ǵҲҽ˵ϲ£ һ ò᲻ӭɣ
һ˺á
ŷ˵ĺ
ɨˣ ǿ˳еϤ󣬲ŽӹԷĺ񣬱𿪡
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üͷ΢ Ͱŵļգ˴źأֱӸȷʵ̫á
Ҳ¶ˣ˺
Ա԰ɣҲ֪겻Ĵ󲮸һңΪʱͻȻ֡
䱵ͷͬŶӣ㿴Է˼
ֿ־޵Ǿɣпλ
Բٶ˶ǿԵġ
䱰˳´ҩͯģʱ˸ˣЩ߲λñ˳
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һ֮仹ϤеģֻǺøͲˣˡ
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⻰Ľ־ʶһ¡
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Ҫ֪ڼǳзʱڣһֻзҲҪһǧĲſ򵽡
ϾͰʮֻзǻǮˮ
־޲Ŀˮˣº˸зȵԼУʼҨųԡ
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зȶ꣬ûٶˣ㿪ʼڳˡ
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ã
ǽģȥ
üëһŭпӿͷ־ޡ
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51 
зģ ÿֵܷһ
ó´Сҩͯû־޲һʣһøųԡ
˾Ȼ
شº󣬽־һҽУ Ʋסۿ쭳 ȥֿأ һֻס
ҵֶˣҵֶˣʲôҿ֣
ǣ˻ҼҾͲýӸ㸸ĸ㸸ĸã
־۵ÿڲԣʲô˵ֱڳЩ˱ɫ
̷ľӦ㣬ǰһ˷ס־һֻ첲Ͱڵϡ
ƾôжû֡
˵Ǽʲôʱӣ
־ǰ ϱЩˬ
úùգ 뻹ǳˣҲ֪˵Щʲô
Ҷûˣ ȥǷӣ
ѹڵϵĽ־޻Ķʹ вϰţ һĻ˵
ǽ˵һ䣬˵첲
ý־޿ڡ
Ҹŷ⿴Ƿ
㸸ĸδ ǼҽʮǿǶ־ݵģ
Ǽ¿꣬ ֲʧ˸ĸ ûߴ㻹ǮôǮȢƯϱԵúúȵúãǲԸ⻹Ǯǰɣ
ʮ˵óڡ䱱߲ŷ⣬ ߵҼǵҲ㸻ԣ ʮ˵õóõóģ
ŷȻдĳĳĳ˭˭˭˭˭˭˶Ǯ
滹ǩѺˡ
Ľһ㡣
һ֪Ǽٵġ
Žڽ־ϣ ôûкҸͬͲҸ׵ּȷҸǷǮ
ⰴָӡҲҸ׵ģ
ҸͬһǴָͲ֪ĥö˶ٲˡָӡģ
䱲Ŵ˶õָĥЩֲڣָƲˣټÿָڴм롣
ָԻģ壬һ˷ֲͬġ
ױʮָ϶ͱĥòӡ
Žϵָƣôָм壡
䱰Լָ־ǰøڳ˿ÿ˶ͷʾȷʵ˵һ㡣
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ԭĸǴԼĶмߵҪ
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ȳȥʣµҲ䱰ŵ𣬱ߡ
һֵǧ߆߆
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˶ߣ䱲»صԺУڰԼ̫Ѩ
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ͷгίŰŵղ۸ңҺÿ
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ŵ䱵ԴûµģղźܴԷûöԷóѡ
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˾нƵģû˾Էһ𣬲Ըֿ
ڽ䱷һǣϲϲϲĲˣҼˡ
Ҫ
̧ͷʾⰢԼһ¡
ɰװûӣӣзȵǾͽɡ
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һӴ˸о궼ڷƺ̾Ծ
Ӱ֮£һȡŶԷ
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ͻȻѰű𣬳ڿ첽ȥ


52 
ů͵ƣ ߹ŵĺɴӰӰ´һ㣬ϡ
䱴ûԼɫжᱧŰſ첽ܵϣʼ˼ҵѡ
ż 𶯡
ڴϵİŹŽ䱵Ĳӣ ߴ˿ һ
ֱýͣסؿ
ѽ䱰ڴԼϡ
ʵͷϵķҵģ
ͷȥͷϴһӲӵؽŹڣ̫̫أҲûж
ǽ͵͵ôյ˽Ǯ Ψһķڡ
밢ųʱ ͷʲôͷζûУҲðƯƯ߸˵ĳޡ
Сͷ Եúܴ顣
˫ӣ ʱͽǲƥġ
Ϊƣ ܿɰӦ˫ġ˫ӻԵ ܲǣ ƺƺܶһ㡣
ʱ־˫Ӻʺ Ҳһ׿ԽƷʡ
ллˣźϲ
˵ţ ס䱵Ĵ ͬһ󻬵ţָҲߵ ΢΢ˡ
ǽҰѷȡɺã
˽һȹɢڴϣһʢĻ
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ţ
ûпסŵ˫֣Ҫǰ룬ƾܣܳġ
ǰûС
-------------------------
ױǳ㼡þƻۺʪ籣⡣˿壬޴ϵЦǣϺ졣3
ůѬ¯¶ʡ֦˰Ũ˼ԧ屻ˡ1
ڣ¶ĵˮúгｿɡ2
󣬶ཿ㣬ɡ3
ױǳ㼡þƻۺʪ籣⡣˿壬޴ϵЦǣϺ졣3


53 
һڣ 췢ִӰŴƶϣϸ󱻸Űڴ
˫ڽϣֻڲڵָƿš
Сᷢͣح΢ ҧ ֪˶öã ﴢˮֶեɣΪɺشһβ㡣
ű䱱סӵڷʪĺҹУ󴦵ķ⿪Щ͵󱻽£ģšš
Ҳáڰųحtǡ
Щͷˣ סŰ˫ȣ ʪʪζͻζıǼ⣬ܿʧǡ
 ӨӶ»°ͣ ڰϡ
䣬 ζ䣬ͬŵںһ ΢Сˮ
𣿡
ڰʪĳǣ ϶ģ ȴǽӵһǶһ𣬼ȡ ŶԷϵϢ
ԴڽǴͬĵط ӿҵһƬɹϢĵ㣬 ʡ
һ˲ǻ㱵ģֻζϵζ Ǳȥġ
ڽ
Ծᣬڴһ˲أʲôζûء
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ٴνϢ֮󣬽´ˮŻصӵŰ˵С
ųȥĹҳԼźõѩࡣ
ѩǰųڳǰȥģҲ͸䱣ý䱵ܲĥô
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Űѷź졢ӯӯһյӵݵǰѩġ
á
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ͿãˮҲˣֳȥˮԡͰˮˮºʺ󣬲ŰѰűŷԡͰС
ԡȻһġ
Ϳҩֻܶɽ䱴ˡ
ˮţССһƬˮиҶˮЮŻζֱֻ۴ڽ䱲ϣܻһ˿حϢ
ԡ꣬˲ڿڴϢ
µʪҲܲôˣñӵһ棬˯˹ȥ
æµһҹ糿һ˯ȥˡ


54 
Ѻ ʲôɣǰŵ̨˵ʣµķˣԱ
ɴȥˡ
䱣̷ľ˸ױ Ұ á̷ŻһӼƥ Ǵ˰һӼ´û˺üҩ˵ǿǿ壬ա
˵꣬ͣ٣ܾЩ֣ ˵
ֻܲˡ
ţã ʳʱҪҪȥҽݿ´򣿡
´˶ȴûԷ ܾЩⲻȥ ٵùȥ͵ϲǲǣ
䱵ͷӦõģ ϢһȥϲǣǺŴ׷ҲԴ㣬 ͦϲġ
ã һ ׻˶ӡ
һŹھͰѽ䱴һ˽ǮԭĶʮԼŸʮȫꡣ
ܵҲȫϣһ㶼ʣ ˿νһ ܲǷӶǺõġ
䱣ҾŬܿܰ׬
Դڽ䱻˲䣬 οżֲýҲ
Һüʳ࣬˶ӡ
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䱣ٸͿѩ࣬Ӻÿɲˡ
űӺܺ죬ǲ̣ǽ۵ýԼһʱͷҪЩ߰¡
װŵģſʼ˵ҩ
ҪҪȥҳ´ʱ˳õҩ
ңҲͿһ㡣ŵ
ѩ౾ǸģԼȫʲô£
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ܵģʮָȥС֣϶Щߵͦġ
ţֹһˡ
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Ⱥڲ߿ʯﲻżðèС
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ż̧ͷ޺ģǼҲˮ⣬尢üкЦ⣬ŷˮһۡ
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·ʲô¡


55 
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ЩСŲܶĲˣҲǿո֡
ǹȥƣ䱿Լߵİţ ѯ
ŵͷ ǣ֣ ǰ濪·˰ȴȺǰ
һ𿴵´Сҩͯƨɣ֪һɲݶǰʲôݶʱʱϸܵèȺ󾪺
ѵҽֻèˣ
䱿Χ۵ˣǵʵλӣҽūˣ
Ҳһλӣ Ҫ֪ʲô¡
Ӽ ĳѽҽҪˣˣ
Ҫˣ
¿ɰѽ䱺Ͱ˾ û뵽жû ҽݵСèҪˡ
ӣ ϴΰҽʱѾˣ
ǰ ֻˣ ¸ЩʹϾ ´ĵòСǿɣ´ųԵں帣Եϡ
ϸȥ濴´ֻ룬 װ˺üƬ⣬ һƬι
лȰԵɣ Եɡ
䱰˳ӵлһͬ´СҩͯıӰԼèβ˦Ĳݶ⣬èЩš
˵ѾˣǶ䱲ڣͻӴſ˯
ܣƺר鰢ŵһ
ů޻ëָкܺã֪ܲðŵҲõ㡣
ֻèͨԣҽĲû㣬ȥ㡣
Ƕ뿪ʱҲ˵㰢ţයſġ
βɨɨȥԭתȦ֮󣬻Դȥ佭䱵֣ƴӦ˽Ƶġ
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ɫҲɷޱȣҪǷӦ£ｭ䱻Ų¶Ҫιȥˡ
ǿԼѵ㣬Ժ˼ǧһ߸ԼʹʲôΪūͲ֪ܹˡ
һ뵽ҪôЩˡ
סԼ˵κɨϷŵĲ˵
Щ˵ȫǽ䱴ģҵ˽취
ۼֿ˵һ󣬶˵ͿĲĸ
䱲ĸ뵽һ֮䣬λᣬûʲôƢС͸õԼ
æֹסԼǰΣĿسˣ
ʲôˣȻ£еĵ𲻴Ӧ
˵ţҲ۾߶ʮһͻŵ˿ȥ
Ǹ˲䣬һƬհףԼһ濳ô죿ҲһԼûס⼸ָô죿
ʵɱ㱻ĸĥ﹤ɱɱЩ˸ɣɵвˣиֲˡ
иֲУҲҪеĲˡ
еָĥˮݣˮϴʱ
ǹĥģ뿴ޣͷġ
ʵԼҲͦݵģҪȻüĸĥͲðͳ
뵽ЩͻȻеЦͻȻелĸ
ҪǾô࣬ŵ׼ˣ޷ѵˣ代ˡ
ǰһжɫĹҲ޷˼ֻǵòǰϻӶԼֱۣ䱵Ĳĸ
˼ٴλع֮ʣڵϣϥǿĳࡣ
ˣѱ˷ģˡ
Цһӵĵ㿳ϣһ˦ˣҲп˵ǣ
־ŵòУܣûˡ
־ԹԼĸĸ˵̵˶ɣɣⲻǸ
־ߺ󣬰ǿ壬ǿѱײľбŰŻȥȻ󱳵ϣứ
¼ˣ˫ֶڷŶԺԼǲǿˣֻΪ㱲Ϊû
ֲҿ޳³䱡
֪Ҳʱ᲻иõĽ취ֻֻ֪Ҫ˶ݾˡ
ԵģԱ䱵ġ
Żڵϣţʿš
һֻСè
˺һ޵޵ᶼˣŻӣһȳһڡ
̫ӵ䱣̫ڽˡ
ڣϵĽ䱻ۣůġ
ŵײϴڽ䱻䱵ԶסԼС
ڽߣŲžԼúܶ࣬һҵ˼ʧǰ˵ֲ£ҲٳԺˡ
ֻԼţůš
á
ܹŵİ˯˹ȥڽߣովô˵£ҲûجΣ˯úܺá
-
ٴʱǰɺͽ䱶ϡ
سŰЦҿ˯û㡣ҸоҺúܶˣѾܶˣ⼸չˡ
ʶģҲ֪չжۣе㲻˼ˡ
䱵ƵģдԣİŻûӦе㷢졣
һҡͷҽ͵ûûУӦõģϲչ㣬ܹԡ
䱺һҼǵѺܹԵ۸ˡ
⻰Ŵסֱ˶ˣ


56 
ôҲû뵽Լ͵͵½֪ ׽
ֻ¿˵㣬ûˣʲô˵ģ
Լӣѵ
Դðڵ ΪԼ±粵 ԽԽԼĶԣ ԽԽԼû
ţڵص䱣ʵѵ㲻˭ף
û뵽ӦԼռϷ磬Ūŵģô仰䣬ͱŰһǣ Ĳˣ
룬 æ͵ûûУֻף ׵ģûбˣ
ôżæŽͣ Ƹ㣬 ԣֻܸףңʲôʱ㣬 ף Ҳף
˵䱵ӣ ź޵Ĵȥ
ʵ䱻е㷢գ»̣ޱȡ
ס ˳ƻסŵ §ڻ
ſڵģͲס˳಻ ޷أֻɰŽ
ȥʼʱŷֿ
䱺Ҫٵ㣬ûкãټôãȻǰ󷢺ڣòС
Ĭһ룬ͻȻȥ´͵ҩȺȡ
ڴϻ󣬰ȥԣ´
˺ü죬ɷˡ
Ŵļ򵥣ǷƬ嵭ζʺ˳ԡ
ԼֵķζŨζζոպã˼ƬһѴлζֱ䱱Ķӹ
ŲĺܴԵЩ൱ûһֻöӿտգĲС
ǰȥﰢŶӣŶ㿪ˣһ䣬㻹ŲúҪ
֪ôģ䱳ĬˣҪҩȵĳ嶯ǿҡ
Ҩһ보ųԡ
ƬһҪɲУƬãÿһ׷ŷ֭Ĳźóԡ
䱳Խһڣ̲ס佱óԣóԣã̫Ҹˡ
ÿθڣҸô򵥡
ڴڳųһ˸˴裬ѶñģžúЩ
˯̫ʱе˯ţһԺԿʼоôϼӸӡ
ƽӲ򿪣߲ܳ⣬ʱס߲ˣ߲˱
ҲôˣֻСѾҲ𽥱䣬ʱԼˡ
Ҳ̫ѡ˵⻰ʱǿԴģԵɻ󣬡Ҫ̷ľ
Ȼ˼һӦҲܴϾרҵԿڣĹܻ⣬һο϶Ǵġ
¾£ʱͽǮճдƷ
ֻǮ̷ľ϶ܱøӾ¡
ӵǼ򵥣ֻ𼸸ͣѷˮͲˡ
ȡҲ㡣
ô˵ֱӵͷԵģ̷ľЩ
ãָ˵һ·Ǯ˶ٵȵȡ
ĴҲûŽ䱣⴫ͻ᲻ƣҲ⡣
ֻ⴫ʵ񶾣ЩҪǴٵĶŵãҪ˵Ļ֪Ҫʲô
ԼдȾҥԣüϢգҲǲˡ
վͿʼţߴû¡
˹ˣôִţҲ̫ϣҺ˰ɣеʲô𣿡
䱵ֹԥһ£Ǿѽ־˵¸߽䱡
һ֣ʲô¶Ӧûͨ
ý࣬˵кõĽ취
Լѽ־ֹ˵뽭ã¶ߵɫ
ŭȻˣЩСϷ۸ͷˡģһҪǳԣ֪ǲǺǵġ
Ҫ˵ǰĽ䱿û취ԸЩƷݣڵ˲뵽ˡ
Ǿùˣһڳù
˵ù󣬾ûˡ
ֻùҪǺʹãֻܵٴԼúȥǡ
һʱ
뵽ùˣ䱾뵽Լˡ
ʱúòöν룬ĪӾڵùСˡ¡
ֱӰѺԼͰϣһ꣬˸ʮա
ֿԼµõäУѿĺȫϣܹܳ¡
Ϻ˺ھа࣬١
-
ڶգ𴲿ţվǰơ
ÿ߽·˿϶¶ȵɫƺ϶Ϣȥ
֡
ÿˣ䱾ͻ˵þòôû뵽ô񶾣Ͳأ
Ϊʲô£Ҳ֪ĸڱ˵ף˵ĳεͷأ
˵ЩʱЦ˵ģ⿪ʣһ¾Ͱ˸˵ˣӦ˺һŷӦĺͿĲһ
ȻӦЩҲѵֱӵͷ첽뿪ҷʲô
ַӦһ糿ֻˬòˣ
磬ֹӣԺɹ̫
·ഩ䵽ˡ
գ˹Щӣſʼд䱲Ҳ꣬ʼȴ󲹵ҩˡ
ֻ˷Ľ־һˡ
ǿ䱺úվڴУЩŵģԺģ˺ü齭ԼŽ䱵Ǯɻڴľˡ
񿴼䱻ĺúõģ϶Щˬ
ֱӵֶӼȻԸ⻹ĸǷµծǴҲԸҲҪǵǵĺð
ʲô£ҲöǼһ㣬Ҳǣ
䱿û˵αվӸ¿ˣ¶¶ǻûҾȥɥ׼ͷһߣ˵òð
㡢㣿ôô˵󲮿Լһ㣬ȴʮ㣬ŴĴӣ·һԲϾҪԼͷϵˡ
̲סһ롣
ǣиġɨˣ罣һ۾ͰǴ̴ҿɸǣ֮ɱأ˭Ҫ۸ͷҪùģ
Ҫǲ¾;ԣ˭ȵù
˵գ䱰ùϡ
ֻԭƽ˾ĴڣǵײŶһ£ȻԵ޹Լˣ
һ˿ľ峯˵ȥڲҲû취㡣
ȥһ㶼ûľķΧľʵʵԴϣ
ꡪ
ľϳ󶴣Դľˣ
űסӵˣ䱱Цͼ鷳ҿ˭ȥ
˵꽭䱵˵еĴƺҪǡ
ŵػ볯ܣȴΪڲϵľ̫һײϡ
غüΣǱӴܳȥ
ϵָЦ
ͷĿѣײЩǮʱ벻ԼôͻȻ͵ùˣ
ֻн־޾һĻ쳣ϤЩˡ
ٵùˣ
ʲô취ܲù𣡣
ԼĸŲţܳǣͲд·ͬʱߴͬʱˤˮڡ
ľ嵹ˤϵģֻľͷǵļֱϡ
۵ֱС
ڣ䱿ԼȱһŰ尵ԾҸý־һ⳥


57 
߽־˺ ԭʮĽ䱱һڵϣַӣڴڵش
 
ﴫƷһ Ҫɢһ㡣
ûȫã һ¾͸оۣҪ˵ôصˡ
Һܵÿ죬ҪȻ͵¶ڶˡ
ңֱڲҲЩ
ߵǰ£ ǽϢ
űߣ Ӳӵ͸һ˿ķ϶սϡ
̫ȡ
ŴԺиϳ ûпµˣ ֻȱһľź۵ĲеĽ䱡
ô䱽㣿û°ɣǰ óԼСӣմȥ䱶ǵĺ 㻹δȬ Ӧýҵġ
ÿֻý䱱ġ
ҲԱ䱡
ʲô Щ˼򵥵òǰŴ˳֡
Цһ£̧ۿǰ׵˶
۰ڰϣ ɫϸë֣ ˸ͿɰɽܳС顣
С黹֪أ ָܷܷڽϣ޹ǵн䱻Сƣ˶ؿŶԷ
߸ħƵģһ;һôƲ
ſţŵԽԽͣԴҲȫ
ۼҪһ֮ʱĳ֪С̷ͻȻ𣬴ԼĶ
˾ѣ
ˮӲһ£ֱӺͽ룬ĴһһϵѽϻҩǸȵģһҪ˰ɣȥȷſҡ
һֱ׷Űţɨ˫ɨǷۺĴ
ȫ尢˵ʲôֻ˵
ŴĻгȥתСԺ׷ϡס߽ԺУ䱲һڡ
ذһ¾ͱ÷ۺ죬̷ƻ
ĽĶֱ˲˺ü£ֱŽҿҩ޸ӣɬҩðûмҡ
˸ճԹ緹Ǻҩĺʱ
úӰסҩֱҩС
Ա߷۽ƫͷʾԼĽ䱸óҩˡ
һסֻԸɿ
ҩβҩβҩѺ꣬ҩǳ´͸ǣ˵ǿǿ塢յҩ
䱸˵Լҩ˵ԲžȻˡ
ȫ֪Ǳʲô˼ҩġ
뵽Լ˺󣬾пܲˣҧҧһֱֻ۷ſţ룬еҩһڸ£
ٳ۽
Ϊҩı飬ƽȥһֿϢ
űķӦЦż⣬ڽһ¡
£ǳ׸оˣֻԼ
һŵҪȥ̷ľţúôڼҵĺ
䱿ţû˵
ţЩ˵Ļ
һ˳ȥŲء
뵽Լ壬Ҫǳȥ磬ٲ˿ô죿Ҫ鷳չˡ
пȥڸԼҪԹȰŻͺáȴܳʵĸŰƶһ㶼ֿ
ȰʰãϸСӣ׼ʱ䱲طſֱۣվڴſ۰ͰͿ
䱽һܿģµġŵȻҲ֪ʲô뷨ڽ̧֣䱵ͷǰˡ
꣬ӻ֣߽ϵУܿʧ
һվԭվ˻Ŷ۰Ͱ͵
˼Űȷʵٳţڳȥ͸͸ҲáҪ˭ֻǸС۸ĻԲ˵ģ
˼ãеߣӽ˶Щ߹ߡ
߹˰ɣߵһ󣬻⵹ǰ뿪
䱣
ŵĽ䱲֪˭ôᣬרŵһ¡
̧ͷ˵ӰȻհˡ
Դϴιӽź󣬽䱾ô˳ˣڱһ˵ıӰ˻ȥ
ߣûͬ˼ƽϣԼڵȰţֲûҪҰĢ
ˣɵûҪˣ
󣬾Ϳ߽֪ʲôȥˡ
Щ֣˶ϸ궫һ춼֡
Ҳ֪Ϊʱ
ЩҲǺܸȤջۣٴοֵķ򣬵ŰŻ
-
ϵϣȥй˹䣬ЩС׼ûؼá
·ʱĸۣȥ˹֦۽
ǳ֦ʱ򣬸Ƥɫ֦ժָס֦зĵطһ
֦žાͱˡ
֦ǲܶˮģˮֶڹ֮Уۣɫ͸һʹޱȡ
֦ȥ˺󣬰׵ĹˮУǽ谾
Ҫһֱȫ֦ĹУſԹػ
ʱ֦ĹζζԼ΢Ļζںϣÿһڶоı𻯡
Ĺˮһչз棬
һûȥˮպ䱺ҩҲ¿ˡֱһһҨԣҲͦġ
ȥ·ϣ·ľӣžͽȥȥ̷ľǼҪ޵¡
̷ľϻлƣϸŰȥţðȻؼңܰʱȥš
ŻصʱպÿſڳĢĽ䱡
ҲˣһӣϾ̲סЦݣʱʹʧɫ
ǿٴյһ𣬽䱽ӹеĶᣬŽŲ죬е䱽һ˵ôãʳ䱽óԵģ
ô˵ʳʱ仹ϣҪϺóԵģҪһ
صк󣬰Ϣ˳Ժй˼Լ»дЩʲô
ΪôԵЩģҪŰţʱʱס
ð޷רͶ룬ؼκˡ
üԲ۵䱣Ĺĵ䱽ˣȥҵɡ
䱲뿪ˣߴٵȥȥȥɣûȥֻˡ
ƿĽһţû뵽ôˣˣϲˡ
޷ֻܿȻ볡
ǷϵĽݣ뿴״̬ôȥĪǽڣʼڵϻȦȦ
Ҳֱðݣʼŵֺá
Żţ־úȷʵԼ̫һ㣬ǵðҪԼȥŰţ˵ԷͲԼˡ
룬䱱תĬĬһźͮͮķš
ȷû󣬲ſʼһŹ۲졣
żС룬ˣ£顣
º췬УһõģҲûбʣһСѾʼеˣʮϻмСס
䱿ЩС׶ЩɻûзӦô£պڼ鷬ʱ򣬿ֻСͦظԴһһ߽
ߵǰųǰһ죬Դһһǰһڷ߶ӡ
ٶȿ쵽䱼㿴ˣҲֹ
䱣
ɱģԭֻСɵĺ£
䱵Ͳ˵Ķˡ
úúãǵļûˣҾȥϡ˰ˣ
ȥȥȥ߿ң
ӶֱֻۣС쿪ű߶õķЩۡ
ôķѣǮϣֻԼҳˡ
ؼԼҳԶ֪ҪԵȥˡ
ڵϣ˼ӦôЩ
뵽ķɷѽɳԷѽҲó԰
ܻҪըըը飬մѽԡ
ţְв̫õķ񵽱¨ᵽ̨ԡ
ѽԡ
Ȱϴɾڱиʮֻտˮѷȥһ̣ɰˡ
ʱ˳ֻ߶ĵطڵýøɾİοá
ţøˮѷ鵷óɺ״ٵﲻϽ죬ֹճ
󵽺ɫʼ๾ðʱͿԼǵζˡ
䱷䵹ֻҳűǣȫ뷬ѽС
һѹ·ᣬζ𽥱ƮᣬŵԺдİŲԾʿˮ


58 
дİŬѹԼĸо Լרעֽ֮ϣʵֱӱɡ㡱
عİ͵̾еıʣ εؿ䱡
ˣ Ϣɣ ȥ䱽ڸ
ҡҡͷվ䱣Դк
﷬滹ɫĭӣôǺóԵģ
ôŻô㣿
䱽㣿ʲôԵģߵ̨ԣ ̧С Щɰ
䱿һۺԴһƫȥ ЩЩ ǲŵģ
ɿȴʵ ԳԣζܺáȻһһʳ Ϸһ
ȥдɱң ʳС
Ҳ֪дǰŵְҵ ԼȻ֧֣ûͿԷֵ ðרĴ
û뵽Լ㣬 ðŲר
ԭǷŵͷû˵ ֽ˶Уû⣬ҽվͳ䱽ˣ
Ҳ˵䱽óԵģֻе´ˡ
⻰ŹĶһ٣ƫԴĻ񲻶Ϲ۲Űŵı顣
⻰˵Ǽ١
óԵĸţ ԰Ķ
ʲô˼䱾ʹúϢ´ٸɣ
˵ٴƫͷŹ
Ҫþã㹻ܷװ
ķһӦܳ꣬ԾͲô鷳ı棬ķͱȥװˡ
ʵޣҲװ͸ĺɫÿ
۹һ㶼ɰڼɡװ̲˵̳ӡҲûǸһȺΪԼޡ
ֻա
һԿţС͵Цй䱽ҲôĶˡ
䱣
ʲôˣ
ôף
һְͷŤſţгʺţԵЩġ
ԡ
䱲ûȬʱɤеɳƵͳ˵Ļ򵥣ȴöŵҡ
ðŵ͵زһ¡
°Ϊϣٴεԡ
ɤתһȦһȦ밢ŶУðӲƮһ˲ֿǰˡ
ɫհβ˳һƲôǰ
ý䱵䣬ü촽һеһжðĶ
֪ԼôˣǺͨƽһգôԼǻЩأ
ǿԼʲôû㣬ãһһֲˣһ԰ɡ
ûٶˡ
䱲Կת̨İţһͿʼš
һƬһп顣
ֵֹġ
-
գл䱸ĳ״죬ˮݹϵۣ͹ըˡ
Ҫעǣϵ۵շըʱģҪը࣬͹з
䱻мκͺۣըԴζպҲܺóԡ
ȻҪպĻӰĿڸУֻúóԳ̶ȸһ¥
һպ󣬵ݵǰʾⰢųԡ
ûмֳԷԥŰԽƤִٹһķŷûгĿڸУоȲŻеĶ
һͣסʼζ
ȻûгԹֿζܽܣҾúóԵġ
£ҲýιˣԼװӣԱ߽š
Եô㣬гУһ̲һˣ
ţ䱾õԼˣ಻ˣʵԿʳ꣬СԣӦҲúܺá
ԼùĹϴɾѯʵʲôҪҰæ𣿡
ŻһʻƬ̣ͻȻüз
ôˣ䱱ķӦһæѹźãߵ߱סˣﲻôͻȻҪˣ
Ǹжİɣ
ֻѯһС°͸ж
סԼ죬۾ţëϹ飬ҡͷʾԼû¡
һſ˵̫ˡ
һСպ˷ᵽ˲˵ҧͷˣ
ʹ̲ˣ˲ӿʧ̬
ֻΪ̫ʧЦúúã֪ˣҾȥǣѷһ㡣
ζܵᣬˬζصĽᡣ
ȷʵǼˣӦٶ㣬ζͻá
ȰŻſʼ˵ԼҪʲô
ռס۵
ǲҪˮһʱ䣬ڰϻʮ֣ù̵Ŀˮȥ̣Ǿͺðһ㡣
װˮȰ¹
̳ʱ׵ˮ̰
ճĹԿʼռˡ
ҵ⼦пʱ䱹ŵֻСȻ쳤ɣǵ³
ֻСԺҡͷԵţûзְϷŵԼͬࡣ
ƺں˵ͣ½ŲͷӶһ
ʾԼ󣬱㲻䱣ҡͷš
ҲûĶ˵ͺݺݰѵ⼦ϣѼпˡ
һϣ״ĬĬԶЩ
ȼкãվڹߣȹͣѼ¹ȥ
濪ʼʱͿԷ뽪⡢һϣ
һоðỊ̇Ҳᱻȥ
ټ뽴ͺǽʣͿԼˮˡ
ڰʱ䱾Ա߿ʼ
ˮѱȣ̳һŰС𻮿ʮֱߣһܰ
ʱǲɫıƤ£С
ܵ˵ٶȻǿġ
ϣҲߣͬһ
˵ٶȺܿ죬һͰѼʮŰãиżһС
ΪʳǳףԾͲ󷹣ֱӿ׾С
ռҪҲպãлڰԣ֦۽ݵˮ
СӹûС
ֻ̫ܳ࣬һԲˣűװһš
Ȱռʱʼɢ΢̵ֲüҺɵˮ
һϡ
һӺ󣬰ռˣ۵ˣõҲȡ
ŵ䱽Էˡ
䱾ڰԣһһףһּһŰ
յ͸֭һҧ£۷ŴŴ硣
ý̲ס۾䰢ŵղĴ
Ҳ۵Ŵףֻˮζ
ǳγǷۻȾϵǾޱɫ֮£ȴζķˡ
ֻ֫ٺޱȡ
ʳһ̷ľϱ콬ˡ
콬ǰִ߽ˮˮȸɫġ
Լڼһ̯λ̶Щˡ
ΪĶǽˮˮԱΪ콬
䱺ͰŶ˳ȥӭ̷ľ콬˺ֻ콬ǽԺӡ
̷ľڴǰʼš
ŵԻ׼Լ˿ľͷ
Ǹţʱ̷ľֻҪԭǶϵľƬƬŪîװľűǡ
̷ľʱ콬ͬ䱰ŶڰԣΪһ֦۽ˮóЦŵҪúóʳûϡ
Һðȼ֮һûд콬ϡ
콬￴¶ЦȤʲôöˣҿҪƷһ
˵ţÿӼһԽ
˵ȷʵûԹҺевӿζһ
ǲͬĺóԡ
־룬պ
պϷڸиӶأҲӷḻšײ
콬Լ󣬲ͣζֻζſʼ̾ǿǲˣĶ˼ˡ
ⶫҪҲ̯ͺˣóԣеҭˣúܶ˵ˮġ
˻һ䱺Ͱ˼ά˲Ծһۣÿ
׬Ǯ
ֻҪʱ䣬˶ԼҪٳʱЩˡ
ûż̬ǿЦʵ˵ĿģҪⶫ̯ҾҪͰһ¡
콬ֻ˼Ϣ̵˵ģͰɣȥҼľˮȡ
ӱȽϷ𣬱Ƚˬ뵽ʲô¶˵հǰ˺
˵꣬ˮߣ½䱰Ժк˵
Ժֻ˺󣬽ȵѣǲ콬º󻨹оҲоġ
ţҲǡ֪˺ãΪǶһ޶ģװ׷Ǯ᲻⡣
Ϊ򵥣Ծòֵ
˺ãܲ뷨Ҳǰҵžķ
ַֻѡҪֱӰѷ콬콬ӵǮ
ҪٰѷӾһ£ڸұزٵĲ裬Ժֻһ콬ȥǷֺ졣
봴̸ף
˵˴һ𣬿Դ벻ô¡
ֱҲֻһʿǮǮǮ
ôǺð취
ȥ˻̾Ǯ֪ôˡ
Ҫ˫°ͣݣԺͲдˣרô
ǿҪ콬Ҫͱûһ׬Ǯ
ֻһҪʱ䣬
СԣԸǮҲġ
ߣרʳҲС
ԾҲǷǳϲֻԭպûᣬָպÿȥˡ
ȥʳҲУִ֪ܶĺóԵģúܺá
⻰һҲԸˣͬǿӲС
Ҳϣǿ
£Ҳ˫°֪ͣ̾ôˡ
Ҫɣ
࣬ܵȵ´ηٳġ
ȵȣ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôݵֱš
ʵҪĲǷӣԭϰ
ԭϣʲôŴû˵
ֵķ˵óԶ԰ɣԼֵķķǶһ޶ġ
ζǾԲᱻԽġ
֮ȥκһַζǲܱ֤ġ
ΪֵĶûǼҵĺóԣ
ô򵥵ĵΪֵóԣźǺġ
û뵽Լϣǲˡ
˺óԵķ治ǲ򵽵ġ
ֻǼ
ǿԺ콬ṩ콬ԼȥȡǮԼһֺС
Ϊϵž콬õ׬ǮԼ
ô˵Żһ
˵ǽֱӰзɷɡǼҵ̫Сջܶ࣬ҲҪȥĸ⼸֣
Լֵز٣Ҳ٣ֻСɴ⡣
ص»룬Ⱥ콬̸̸ɡ
˵һͬߵУȥ콬
콬Ҳ̷ľ̸ˣ̷ľû飬ǾԵ֧콬
䱵˵棬ֱӵ㣬ķӶܼ򵥣ҲԸ㣬óԵĵطȫϣǼֵĶϡ
ȫ԰ѷӸ㣬ȥķԣ׼һ˿١
˵ˣ콬һЩжԼֱӸԼӣһ֪Լ˵ʲôĻֻᲨ֡
ҪŽƷУϲɳֱ֮µġ
ôңܸ˵ӣҵȻҲ㣬ǿд־ݣͰ¶
˵콬һ̷ľĸ첲Ҫ̷ľؼȡֽʹ
źסǣҼֽʣȥȡ
ȥȡ֮ʱͬ콬˵κ֮£ǱڽҪд־콬Ҳûʲô
ýΪÿҪ鷳£˺õϡ
㲻˰ɣ
䱣Ȼǲڲƭģм졣
˻һ·ļǮȡ˸мֵд־ϡ
˵бϡ
˶º̷ľ޺̵ţ̷ָľ˵ԼҪѵ£´̷ľŵʱ䣬콬Ž䱸ĺü̷ͬľ뿪
ôһ׮£䱺Ͱ鶼ܺãԵȵء
ûоƣҲֻ꣬ܿпףȺҩˡ
ҩȻҲֻнһ˺ȣϾֻһ˾ԼҪһ¡
ϾҩͦЧģ꣬;ԼȺģ֫Ҳôˡ
оٺȼܳ׺ù
˯ǰһǰһԡڴϡ
ɲ֪ô£ԡĽ䱾Լ忪ʼԽԽȣԽԽ̡
֮ǰ죬ֻͷࡣ
ôˣ
鲻ܲˣ
ƽڴϣеİŶЩסˡ
ֻİѱƿһ룬Լ棬侲һ¡
ʱƣʼȵðŵġֽסţӰϼȡһˬ
Žպۣմ˯ţ䱲ȥˡ
ЩԺʵ䱽㣬ôˣ
Сҹ˾еС
һ¾ڽ䱶ըý֪ԼҪʲôˡ


59 
ܾĵģ оʧɫոԶΨһļˮӰüš
䱹Ϣڰŵĺϣ ָ΢Ħ
Ƥ˳Ѫͽ 󺣱ߣ 챴ǹ͹ı汻ϸɳĦţɳɳ졣
˹졣
ڶգŻòУڴϲ
۽䱾ޱˬҲˣҲˣ оͿʮͷţˡ
Ȱ𴲣 ϴͰҹʣµڹȰһʳ
Ūã һˮ ſʼЩЩģ 򱻿߶ķ
ľԺУˮͰˮװľУ ű¨ ķ˹˵롣
Ө͸ˮ齦 ʺķˮгžϲ
䱰ϴװµУ ̨ϡ
ҿǣ յˮѾðڵİˡ
棬ý䱵ıǼ˲ˮ
Ѱȿ Ƿһԣ𼸸ڰϣһһŻʮ֡
ãͰЩˮ֮С
ˮȻû¶ѾˣһحŸˮ涼ռݡϢ󣬷Ƥ˾Ͱ͵ˡ
ʱ򣬾Ϳô©װѷȫһߣһϻʮ̡֣
ٶȺܿ죬ʮ﷬ûõʱꡣ
ʱŴӷ۾߳Ѿʼæµˣϴ׼æ
𼱱𼱡һҪŷʼƤǣͬʱһִֻ׵ĹǣȳԶɣԱ˲ɻ
αȰŸ࣬Ҳ࣬¼ܰѰȫס
ȫ¶̫ߣ͸ǰʱһðЩˡ
ڶգŻòУڴϲ
ˮȻû¶ѾˣһحŸˮ涼ռݡϢ󣬷Ƥ˾Ͱ͵ˡ
ʱ򣬾Ϳô©װѷȫһߣһϻʮ̡֣
ٶȺܿ죬ʮ﷬ûõʱꡣ
ԁy䱾ʮ㣬־Լ̫࣬רעôöԷŹԼɡ
Őߣ̧ƺץסʲôԶҲԶ
ֻһˮ°ˡ
䱵ʸָ䣬ͬʮָۣҪȥץЩʵʵĶ
иʵᶨڵ
-
ڶգŻòУڴϲ
۽䱾ޱˬҲˣҲˣоͿʮͷţˡ
Ȱ𴲣ϴͰҹʣµڹȰһʳ
ŪãһˮſʼЩЩģ򱻿߶ķ
ľԺУˮͰˮװľУű¨ķ˹˵롣
Ө͸ˮ齦𣬸ʺķˮгžϲ
䱰ϴװµУ̨ϡ
ҿǣյˮѾðڵİˡ
棬ý䱵ıǼ˲ˮ
ѰȿǷһԣ𼸸ڰϣһһŻʮ֡
ãͰЩˮ֮С
ˮȻû¶ѾˣһحŸˮ涼ռݡϢ󣬷Ƥ˾Ͱ͵ˡ
ʱ򣬾Ϳô©װѷȫһߣһϻʮ̡֣
ٶȺܿ죬ʮ﷬ûõʱꡣ
ʱŴӷ۾߳Ѿʼæµˣϴ׼æ
𼱱𼱡һҪŷʼƤǣͬʱһִֻ׵ĹǣȳԶɣԱ˲ɻ
ÿӰѹ״һ˾һʼš
Ŵ׳ԽУܿͻѰЩµľԪĿʼµһ졣
ʳó̫Уֻһף͸оЩˡ
䱳
극һһվ̨߿ʼȥƤ
̺ܷһĻܼӿЧʡ
ţ͵İⲻٷˣɽɡ
תҲʱ̱УȷʵҲǲỵ
ֳԲ꣬øϽ뷨Ӵ
ϴĽҶԣú󣬸ҷֵ㣬ԼٳԵ㣬ˡ
ãȰѷãҾͿʼ⡣϶ָͣⱻɫ֭ˮմȾȬԻˡ
念̺һҲţˣҪɻľǺõġ
̸£ͷ䱽㣬ûоҳЩ
ߣ
̧۳ͷȥں㷢˳Ŵ£ڶ΢紵ʱƮƣɷɡ
ɨɨϳ˿ɻ;е㣿
һֱһ𣬽ÿ춼ܿţϸ΢ı仯ô÷ֵġ
;ðҲձոӺÿ
ûп仯ŵһۣϴЩߵķۣƶбߵģ䱽㲻ŵĻһȥ
֪бߵأ
ҹ˫ȼסʱܸˣ֮նûָоġ
䱽˵䱽ҲͲˡ
յ뵽ЩߵòУȴԽɷ䱡
ýֻ÷еķƵǰ˱ڻУҡҡȥǣгߵģֽ㲻ãûע⵽ŵı仯Ժһһʱ䷢ְŵı仯ġ
òã
԰ţǻġ
Դڰմȥʱʱ͵׼£۰ͰϣԼ
ȻǲԼġ
ðɣԺ䱽ɲˡ
ű䱲ʣ΢΢ЦȴҪװһǿӦģ͵͵ŤͷڽҲһ¡
һ˾ûٷֱֿ۳ӵסŵͬʱƤ
һ㶼Ӱ¡
ܿ죬һ跬г󣬷
ʱҪͣ˳ѷѹࡣ
䱵ҪȥӺͱǡ
㷬ò˶ٹӣֱȥС
ӰõǮ󣬽䱾ͳ֮ǰҩ޵Ǽӣչޡ
˵չޣʵе̳ӣÿܷⱣ淬
ӣﶨʮչޣͻš
ʮչޣװõķɵķ
䱹ǹõġ
չڽϣø֪ûʲô廹ǰ
صУѱȫУڻζ԰зȫװչС
ΪһӾ͹ˣû뵽ڶӶװ˴װꡣ
װĹҲûˣֻεӿؼҡ
Ū÷ϢһŪ˵ʳԡ
꣬ſʼ׼⡣
֮ǰҲ㣬ѸٰѰʺĵط޵Сһ¹ը
úܷڹüͿˡ
꽴⣬ʣ¼ŹǣŴһӱԺ춼Źǣ
Źǻ
˻һ䱶ʼˮˣ


60 
⽴ӷźã ְѼιιĲݰ氡ӭһϢʱ䡣
˵ú 䱸оԼ˶㡣
ʱ Ҳ ߣ׼ӡ
ɵǣһ콬ʹӲԶ첽߽˶ϣ콬̲סǼҵķǺð
ջȥȲҧ˿ڽ䱸ķ
ζ̼ͷ ζǻ ׽ɳɳѩĿڸб޶졣
ѩǰʱ ԵĶ
Ѽǵţ鰾ƵŨΪǣ ٰѱĥм״ 㵹棬ѩˡ
ʱÿΪͻԼĶóԣ ϸֹӡԪӡ꣬ ɫÿ ҲǱһζ
Ҫǽ䱼ѩĻԻϳԹɳٱ
콬ŷҪȣ ֻðѷˮ óȥ
ֻϲ
ûԣҧһں ǿŻԵʼ׼
ãÿպУһ£̾ûƭ
˵ķӹȻǶԵģԼķ뽭ζ޲ͬ
һŨܣɿڡ
Ҳֻܴн䱼ֳķôó԰ɣ
ûз콬̾ȥֵķһ£ʱȥҲ̫ˣ̫򵽡
ô룬콬ɳȥȻû򵽷
ͷɥصУͣ˯˯ãȥռʱȥбȽϺãռʱ֪ҵķķǲҲһóԣ
Ҫˮ̯ӣûжʱ̷ľ
Ϊ
ǾͿ̯Ū
콬ȥһûô˯ʱһµ𴲳ߡ
ߵ̷ľۣ̫ʲôرˡ
콬̤ҹɫ콫΢⣬첽ϵС
˵İŴүǱ¨ûأȥüŷ
콬ӽͷߵβķһ顣
糿ûʱֻŲӵԼˮ̯ϣȳ̯һֱ磬̯ϵ˲˵㡣
̯ˣصпʼƷ
ÿַʱޱ棬֤ڰϳ
ܹʮ벻һķ
ÿ붼ˣǽ䱼ҵķĽóԡ
룬콬Щţ˵ĻǵﾫֵģȻȲ䱼Ժǽֵĺó
ҪǱЩֵص֪ÿ޳
콬Ž䱼ҷķ߳Ա࣬̾ȷʵ̾ϡ
䱼ҵĻ̫ԵʵȫΪǰ
ȥ˵ĻⱾ
뵽콬˸ӳţҽˣ
-
մž콬кô㣬£
콬ؿڴ䱾վһԼߣ ڡ
Щû˹ܣˣҪ߹ſùۡ
콬ﴭЦǺǿڵӣԺҵˣ
Ⱳ֣ף䱲ߵֶһ£żš
һúĥȫ˶ĺã
Ƿ治һȫķóԣԺ϶Ǯϡ
ҿɵʶ㰡ȻֻԱ߸ɵˣǷ
콬ﲻˣƤһ˵һƯ
ĽغЦﶼ֧ˣ
콬ߴ˵ţʱʱϾ仰˶ĵĿԡ
ֱͷЩˣ콬ſʼ˵ص㡣
ҴǮӺͻǮȵʱҪʼˣǴ֣
Ҫʼ³ʳǰùͷٲˣ콬ѾЩ뷨ˣúúúϼƺϼƲС
䱽ӹӣر𲻴úúãʱҺͰһæ
ǺϵҪ콬ķֺϣܰææ
ǿǰ콬ã콬Ͳôۡ
ըôըĲźóԡ
ǾͰﲻʲôæˡ
콬ԼֵСϹϣպԺܲͰŶ
ϸŵĲ¶һӸͷССȴԲԲСϹϡ
СϹϳɫ˻ŻɫϹϻǿɰ
СϹϣ
ЩɻСϹϻûȭͷ󣬲֪ΪʲôҪôժ
콬ǳԵϹûģˣЩϹٳֻỵڵժˡ
Ͱˮ˺պԣǿûߣϹϻҲһֱӳԡ
콬ô˵Ҳûж룬СϹȫóϡ
ãҺͰŽղ˽ȽǾԡ
𽥴콬Ҳڴˣ³䷹ԲŹϵʳˡ
վͬ䱵𣬡ǽӣҾ뿪ˣҵĺϢ
˼䣬ͬ콬𣬰ͳȥ
ҲԹţϢˡ
ԺУѾԵˡ
һ˿һˣܲ˵õŹǣװ˵Ǻܷʢġ
˯ǰ䱰ѽյõӵݸţŰױǰһ롣
ӷŽȥְ
ϴ˯
-
ڶ𣬽ױǰͭԼվľΪͷ
ǰս䱲ţûôԼͷҲ¾ˡ
ҪؿˣȻҪøɾЩ
ľΪϸͷ˳ͷСӣɫͬĨѹڶǰ
ӵĵطʱͬӲһմͷԺ߸ߵβ
ɫںڷ䣬Ϊһ˿ʣ߸Ӣ
һ¾ġ󲡳˱
ȰŰͷŪãͭǰҿͷһξ˺˵־ôһ
ȻŸͷֹֺÿÿһгƵġ
ؼͷڰҲôʹܵġ
ڰϣ̧ͷգգ۵ԺÿնɣŪĺÿ
ţ˵ɡ
Ը⣬ֻⱾ뽭ͷĺ췢ͱáˡ
ͷôԵù졣
ǲǸˣ
Ʈһ˲ƻصϡ
еĽǵŵģ°ͼ⣬е⡣
ָֻȥ׾ԲԲ⡣
۵ָǵ⣬ֿķ˵˾䣬˵ɡ
ӷڳΪĴչ޻û͹˾ûæ
䱿ʱ䣬˵һԼȥҽ־һҵ¡
ţôҪȥǣ
ҵǮ䱣Ƕǵžˣſɻ˲ϡ
ôʵľͷҪһٶģҪ̷ľĹѣҪٷ׬
ɲܰװ׿Ǯǡ
Խ뽭䱾;Խþ˵ʲôҪȥҽ־һһΡ
Ŵ䱣һȥ
䱣ԣֻҪܵĻ󡣡
һỤסġ
ܣ
Щ⣬üͷ΢èһ£ƺ˼ʲôһŵǵϳֵĹߡ
˵ţתһѲ˵
䱣


61 
ţλҴȥ ŻòһѲ˵䱺˵˵û¡
ֻܾȥҽ־һҡ
ϴζԷº󣬰ž;ﻹҪл˵ĶУȻᱻ۸ġ
ҽҴϾǶԷĵ̣ ˭֪ж˰ǣ
Ʋԣ Ȱס ٺͽһӡ
Щţ˫һֱԼصĵطǰʱעǷҪҴˡ
䱵뷨ͱȰŵ࣬־µùʱ仹ûйԼͰϵĺҲûй
ӦҲʲô̫¡
ֻһ ǰż䣬 û˸ôš
סŵһֻΪڵסһ㣬 ˿ʲôˡ
ͬλһ̸ֱ Ӵ˭˭˭˭˭˭ˣ ˭˭˭Ƹжߣ˵ԼŮ֪ô˴ֲʶ ȻʼŻӿˡ
ԶԶԣ ҼǹҲǣ ˵϶̸ɶӹ£һ¡
ѽǲôģ ţĵ Ҫ濴öͺˡ
˵⻰ѵôӽŵ һλ
һֱӾͺλˣλ˵ôĴֱӿڵһ·ˣǲܣ
뵽ԷֱӺԼʵĻԼŵĶһʱ֪ôش
Ų˵Ϊ̫ܣڽϣʵǲǶʹܰԸã
Լһµļ䱵ķݣ˵ɶӲԸһ׼û
˼ÿÿüǺףչǽƽﶼ᲻óԣܹһȥϡ
żǴҪȥеӣŴ󷽸Լġ
䱺ͰſѺõصһżжЩ⡣
ų԰ɣһͺˣµġ䱰Ѵһ£֣ʾĲҪ
԰ɳ԰ɣСҪ㿴СԣܰһżѣҶǡ
׼ʱֱӰѼӵŻУ
ţƶУҪǰæҰѼסˣ¼Ҫţ£ٹȥˣ
԰ɳ԰ɱСϲû¡
λ̸һλҲǻǰǰ԰ɣˮҭˡ
ֵݹһͲˮεû졣
źͽ䱶һۣΡ
Ǿллλӵĺˣλôƺ䱴Ӱùţͬʱֺλ̸Ǵȥĸ
ӣָŵˮĴӾС
˿ʼһ̸
֪λҲҪȥҴ壬ҪȥýŸԼŮ࿴˼ҵġ
ӣҼǸֵģҲ֪ܼʲôˣˡ
䱲˵ɶֻ˳ŻԵݻġ
ţܿ͵˽Ҵ壬λ뿪ȥýţ䱺Ͱڴվһݽȥ־޼ҵ·߽
˵Ҵ˶մ״ʵģԭĸ̫磬ý䱸ʶݡ
ǴЩ˿϶¶˼ɻƺú졣
䱰ռе·ߵһ߷ԣȷǽ־һסĵط
־һǴһ߷ˣҲҶһ䣬ǴﶥǮһˡ
ʱ־޼ҴŽգĵģûô࣬ȥš
ƱҪó
ȷʵˣ⼸ս־һҵù͸ˣŶˤţϣǱޱȡ
Ƕҳţֻڼţܲ¾Ͳ¡
Ҳ˹ˣôͻȻôùѵӦ˽˵Ļȥĵܵܵϱˣ
ܰɣ
һ뵽£˾ŵһɪɪڶܰѵܵܵϱĹߣ
鵽ͻȻһĶ
ûˣ
ɣ
Űɣ
˭óȻȥֻԽԽأŰѴӣϴǵĹͷϡ
Ҫõķ㡣
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ǰںͰҪֲˣֱԼˣͲ÷ѹȥˡ
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Ψһ֪ǣҪΪԼŮ࿴ģǸսļеСǮƷУʺϽס
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ôŶԷһͰ˶ˣ̲ססԼ۾룬Цš


63 
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⻰˴δ̸۹֪˺ܶ࣬ű°ź󣬾Ͱ˰ţð֪ͬΪˣûʲôһ
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ǰ𾪵İŻ˻ϴŵͣԼŭĽ䱡
ͣټϢ¶ʧЦı飬ҡͷ䱽Ѿ뱨ˣɡ꾩̫ԶڵܺãҲıʲô
֮׵İӣҪΪʧڵġ
ֵأһдԼдĶͦõġ
Ĳʲôϸ۲ŰϵȻЦ⣬ȷĲʲô󣬲ƽϢŭƣŤŤתƻ⣬ô˵Ӧýţ
šִչȥסĻвһ¡
䱲ûблʱʱð߷߲ƽðŲӦЩ࣬žӦԶҸ
Լŵ˻ڵƺ«źèһ㷢šһס䱵ߣӳǰգյԣôһǡ
ᣬֻͬͣһ±ַߣ䱶ûʲôоء
һ¡䱰뿪˻ȥڴǡ
ĴˮĽŨؼȴֲֿĴحϢ
Žǡ
꣬Űѹ̵ڽ䱾䣬ȡ¶ȣһ²ż͵Ѿ˰ɣҰţϲҰš
ãԶҵİš
-
ܺã̫䣬һůͣ֫һֱȥʱ
˶ͬʱ
¡¡
¡¡
䱺Ͱˣ
ëë׿һͬʱӲסȻһЦ˳
ЦĵʢĻ䣬ǣŽ䱵̨䱽㣬̫ˣȻʱδʳ˵ȥЦ
ãʲô
̨ǰ氢ڣְѼƲͷõ
ţɣЩΪˡ
ʱ㣬ʱԣԵʳˡ
ĿЩ
ﵹˮʼţóһֵζϡڰн飬밢ŵĴУſʼóһСײϴг롣
죬ӵһͿԳԡ
ڵȴõʱ򣬰˫彭ʵԭôණҶûֲ֣Ժоֲֻ˵ǿصǺڵģԭġ
Ҿ˵ΪʲôֵĶóô࣬Ȼ䱽̫ˡ
Цú𣬸Ľ䱹ֲ˼ģȥǿϤϲܳôãҪû㣬ˡ
ЩôŪأԺлᱻ˿ġ
˵Щˡ
õäϵͳǴռ䣬ֻܰѶûȴŲȥ
ֻˡ
ȥһѺͷ˵Ҵȥڵ
Щͷˣͷݰɣá
õȥˣҲŲ°
Űӹмгŵͬһڰϣԡ
Ҳ˼Щôꡣ
ȥ涼ˣŲһȽϺõķ
ǾȫӦǿģ⣬Ҫòٷ
˾󣬵ڶ˱ܹĿʼæ
ֱ˸磬ȥȥˡ
ֻ˶ªһҲҪӣԵĲϻ㡣
ص̣ſڣԼȥᶫ
Ϊ̫磬ҲΪ˵Եʣûһλ˳֣û˿ʲô
궫Ǻ󣬽Ҳû·ˣֱԼŵõǰյˡ
Ǹɵж
䱰Ѱ׼õʳеݸԷ
ɵж̫ûгԹˣӶ̫ãԵ̻ȣǱˡ
Һð뵽ܸ֪£׼ʳ̫࣬Ը뱥
극䱿ʼɵжΰѺͻڵΰǺԭĻһ
˵Ȼǳɵģѧܿ죬䱽ξͻˡ
ֺֿãûһ˿
ԭһЩģǰʱմ꣬ҾͰֵĶˣڽ䱽ֵľƬʲôûֵء
кͷʶжʣµ¾ͽɵжʻҡ
һЩǮɵжȥûķסƽչһЩɵж
ɵжǼ£ԼҪѶԷٺõġ
Щ䱲żݳص̡
ʵ̻иţڿԼҲ˵صǽϣͨԵС
ֻƽ˶ŽСǽҪͣǣԺУš
ǣʱҪСıȵˡ
ǵԺ̫СһƥԵЩƣֻСˣֻһԣЩµع۲ͻȻֵȻ
һ͵ĲϣڵԣԼߵ߰Űһ
ĴչѾ͵ǼУֻðѷãװȥС
ʱ֣䱺ͰϣһͬϽȥ硣
һʮġ
ؼҷǽǾС
ֶǣ㲻ǣһܻá
磬ҪǺͷһڵ
-
Ҫ̫࣬æ޷ˣѾкüûдҲкüûдˡ
գ䱺ò׳򣬴ȥ⣬⡣
ӰųУûأͱһ
䱣ˣϿкЩϣ
ý̯ϰȫˣæ̧ͷ䱣׷׸͵ѽѽǿɶأ
˻˵䱲Լû
Ȼ֪Լʲôûϲԣг˿ˣұţܵôҶϲǣ
˵һ̯ܵԣû취ࡣ
ôˣ£⣿Щʵ
ģ⡣
ԼϽʣʮ廨⣬ɽնˣҪҸȣ͵ȥҪ̯С
ֲżԸͣȻҲֵɡ
ЦлǾ鷳ˡ
лؼҵ·ϣ˳ʮչޣװ⡣
صУӭ˵ĸ˵ǽǵѿˣֵȥˡ
ºˣæˡ
һվ̨ԣŲ˵ǡעŪϡ
һʱԼֱۣԼӲ˵ȥУǵмǡ
кãҪֵˡ
ǿĶذֲģ
ǽɵжһ֣̫ʱˣҸС
ŵͷû飬ãǿڽҴҸˣֵܰأܰǿŵ
ڶգ̯Ͷӡ׸һ
ģ׸ѯʰ»ȵˡ
⻰ֱӰѰʳĬˣΪ»ûнȡ
زԣ׸̽ʵûд
ţдҲˣͷдˡ
׸򣺡
ͷûд㲻ˣ
Ҫ֪ⶼˣҪǵȡŮ빫ⱾҲ̸ۣô±ĳȥδ֪ˣ
׸Щ׷ʲôԭͷûдġ
ʼɣǲǽ䱴ŵˣ
ֻԼԩòС
˶Ѿæմͷ˯ܶôŵˣ
ʱ콬̷ľҲ̡
콬˵վͿ԰ѷˣԴ˹æ
棬ŷְźͽæһûʱдһûʱˣ
ɲУŵĻǰ;䱴ĶҲʵޱȣһ޷ġ
һһϼƣǵæ
£˵ļпǼվվˡ
ź׸콬һ̨
䱺ӡ̷ľһװĹӡ
ǰӹͷ£׼ɽ⡣
æµ䣬˾䣬Ժжô಼װʲô
ʵװΣֶܵϣûԼΪʲôҪô࣬ѵ췴
䱾ʹǣģӵϰر⣬˵ʮһһСľ͸ˡ
˼ӳɻϣ˭ûл˵Ļ콬ﻹͻȻǸ÷Ӱ


64 
Ҳһ ʮͶһ˵ʵݣһЩ
һܺõĴʽѵʮ᲻̫ˣ
콬ͷ ͣĶ ַֻڵϰŵ ˼ϢʮȷЩ࣬ôһ
ҶͷʾԣǶǰء
£콬˵˰ˣ Ұæᶫˣ յ̯ҵհɣҲҵ̯֡
ǿԣǲŹġЦˬʣ 
дҵİæ 䱺ͰŶҪºܿ꣬ ˽Ҫķµ⣬ûˡ
һ뿪ʱ ׸Ҵ㣬 ͸Ͻд
Ҳ˵Ͻ ö˵ء
콬Ҳһ£ЩСҲܺãɣ
䱺ͰŶһۣ һһأ ĴӦĻģ׼ֺֿá
ȫߣ վڴſڵ˲Ÿɿ
䱰οţû±żϢٿʼЩ
ֲģôתôã
æʱҪϢˣ˵Ĵߴ٣Űɡ
ô˵鶯رһֻۣ³ͷƤı飬ŵã͵͵ϢǷˡ
ɫԡһͬڴϣԼĺоЩ
ؼֱҲģܺܺõൽԼϲĵط
ֻ༸º̾ˡ
ƽߵĽ䱲Ķ˫ȷֿڰߡ
϶´ϣϸһƾͿԸ꣬ȴҪֳ֣סߡ
ѱһǣ¶Өļ˫ָȥðԾһ£ɡ
ĴָϸŰϸطʵﲻ
׼ط󣬽䱵ĴָͬƸѹȥȦఴŰŲĵط
ûʲô̵ַӣֻǷžͺ˵һطˡ
æµðļЩļţܺܺðѽ ļ࿪
ûһ׵ļֽմȾˮĺɫˮʵ棬ɫӣȾԵ翵ĺΡ
඼˺ɫָحӡ䱸ұ֤Լû̫ǰƤ̫ϸ˲Ż
Ҳûиܵʹֻůſڴֱۣ˯ˡ
ֻʣǳĺ󣬽䱵ĶҲЩ˵ˡ
ñ֮ǰڰŵšָȦĦš
ָм룬Ϳ˺üյѩҲûʲôôǴð
СڴϣɪҪܡ
ȴ
䱵ָ˳󼸽׵β׵ǣŷحһһС
Թԣоô𣿡
ʵİﺰ䱵峯ǰ㣬ֳڴϣ£Ӱڰϣ޷ѡ
ű˿ûзԼΣգɵˣ䱽˯ɣˡ
áֺһֱֱֻȦסŵ
--------------------
ڶռͣ˲Ŵ߳
䱳˸ֻÿġ
Ÿ߳Լûʲôˡ
ûʲô£ʳϴȥҹһ󣬾յԺС
˵ҪϢ£㿪ʼ˼Լ»Ӧдʲôôд
䱾һʳŪֻ
ֻˣ·߶üºֿʼŲȥι
㲻ʲôò̫ߴʤ͹ˮģҲ㣬ʲô㼫ˡ
ιֶԼҲ˵ԣʼȥЩ˵ĳơ
ȥҶѾдУڷƵĵԵúǿɰϲ
ٹ£ͿһҶӣΡ
һξܰγһ
ֱ۶£ϸŵܱɾʣһſűȭͷĻɫ
֮ǰժķҶӿʼƣҪήģ
ϡǵ÷Ӧһֱģ֪ô÷ȥֻʱ
귬ַﳤСֲ
ֲ͵ģҶԲ⣬֦ɼðСİɫС졣
ʲôأ
һͲʲôӲݣӦǰֵʲô
ӳǰ̽Ǽ΢ȥֲζ
˵ҶƬļгţее

䱷Ӧˣֲͺһģһ
ӦϴûطʱŪһ£ڳŷ֡
ϴûؼҵķѳ꣬Ѿкóһʱûгζˡ
ڿ꣬Խ˵ֱ֮ϲ
СĶˣԴһ
꣬䱻صԣ˫ֱۣдֵİš
κܺãֱڰԣͷ΢ֱͣյģ΢ζֽϱһС֡
дӦú۰ɣ
̫еԸߣôôƥ䡣
ֿ˿ķݣеƾɡխݶӲݴһ㲻ô۵̦СֻһŴһ¹һױЩӵˡ
ⷿݺͰҲǲƥġ
ǰôãûҪòࡣ
ֵøõġ
ҪǸʲӼĸøãС
ջߣȫȫ⿴Űţֻһˡ
ǾŬһɣŬӣŬͰŶסϸõĵط
ʱʰ׼ȥ콬Ĳ̯Ϊ콬յЩ
Ҳѵô˼ѣԵҪ޾ࡣ
ǣ콬Ĳ̯󣬷콬кáϵ۵͹ը
͹ðİɫݣζܿƮֶˡ
кЩ·İսŲԾԴؿڸʲô
콬þץסֺڴֵϣһһƷóԲҪǮϣ
³ʳϣ˿ɾǵһԵ¶ϣ
䱳ܿ˿ȷʵкܶնͣ½ŲפҪǰԣȴЩҡ
ʱҪи˴ͷˡ
콬Ļ˵ĿģƷ
Ȼ˵͹еѾըã콬ô©һϵ͡
͵εĲһС©Ҩһ״ɵӵըݸ䱡
ðŶתΧΧ۵İնⶫʲô
ϸһſӼУζͺζζ֮ϣ࣬Ƿ۷ŴŴģټеֵζÿһڶһܡ
ûü˵˫Ӹţһٳš
ԱΧ۵İջڵȽ䱳֮ʲôζأͿ˳ԵңѴһˣ
һ˲ŵζðԽԽż߳Ⱥ콬ʵһôģ
콬ЦеһСʮģһ
ʮģ
۸һʼ۵۾ɴˣҲš
ô벻⿴ըһµĶΪʲôô
һСһ
һûаɣȻô
ȷʵһСֻʮҪЩﻹûһء
ֵǮ
ˣҲҪˡʼ۵붼Ҫ뿪ôĳʳɳԲ
ȵȡ콬סȳһ£óԲҪǮģһ²Կ
ʱվԱߵĽҲڳҵҴûԹôóԵĶֱܳΪһˣԳԣҶһ£˵ڲƭǣ
ȺԶԻ׸Ͷӣߵ̯Ժ˵˾䣬ԶŵˣʲôöûԹϡ
Ҳһ˫ӣ˽е
ûԹⶫԽһ̣۾ҲˣҲˡ
ԼǸˣ㲻ЩŵģȲԲӡ
ⶫӲһ΢̷飬һ¾Ͱעȫȥˡ
ôóԵĶ
ּһ߳콬Ĵָ
˶˵óԣǸʼ۵ʿˮ뿪ˡ
ĬĬһ˫ӣее
˵ûԹĿڸУĺܶأ
ºˣҲ߲ˣĬĬվһԲϡԳԡ
׸⵷˵ԼĶӣʾȥ
ʱĶӲŷӦߵǰ棬óǮ콬ϣҪһݣ
ϣ
콬ǮЦиװһøС룬øɾӴӴչҨ޵ķװȥ
һһ뷬óԵòУ
¿ɰѴ˵ˡ
ȻҲ̫׷ôģƺҪȸղҪЩ
ĶҲֻĶԳԣɲǺԸ⻨ǮôĶ
콬Ҳ⣬ҨһԳԵϣƷ
ŴҼȥԳԵĶ˴󣬲ŵԳԲˣҾúóԿƷһĸÿܱ˺üأ
ԳԲˣЩںİնЩżˣǶûԵأôͲˣ
ô죿
ЩûˣڴѾˣҪܳԵãûԵɲͿˣ
վȺмλʶĹһԼպĸء
ǾǡʮġһĻÿ11Ļж࡭ء
иָ㣬ȥʵе㲻ס
һֱӵˣ򣡱أ
һĽǾͬһ𼷽ȺУ콬Ҫ
ǿͷʶĲʶҲһ𣬺ϼһһ
콬￪ʼɵһ죬ϰ壬Ϻһԡ
˵Űڲ̯һԡ
콬󣬴Ӧϣһһ
͸ǿһ¾ò̯ΧΧŵˡ
Щŷǲ̯ǿԱߺȲƷȫôżġ
ţмԣ˼ˮ
콬ģȲ˿ԳԵӣԲӵ˿Ժȵ衣
Ҳģ̯ӱϾֻǽֱߵ̯ӣǮеĿΪҪѡ̯ӣȥѡ¥أ
ڲһˣԼصĶסˡ
䱺Ͱº콬ﶯܿ˲
Ҳչ˲ô˰
״Լ׸Ͷӿʼæ
䱰һȷ˶һûܷǰк󣬾ͰλøһϢ˼ȥ콬æˡ
æУ콬ôھӲͷϵĺڵվ˰æ鷳ˡ
ôҳԶģȻæҪôҰæĵز
ͦ˼ġ
û£ҲǣﻥӦõġ
䱺һ΢ϢһͶ뵽æС
ãֲ̫ۣǮ
콬Ҳǡ
һææҪʳʱ
Ҫʳˣͺ˻̯ȲԶ
Ǽ콬ҲӴˡ
һȺ̱ڲ̯ϣ콬ʣըˣһӰڴм䣬Ҳµġ
Ϧ£ѵյýӲӵģÿ˵ɫյú˵ġ
һ黭
ȻۣȲĺȲ裬ԶĳԶԴʲôû룬ֻõȻ
Ϣˣ콬һÿǵԷУɢ뿪Լļҡ
ųԹ䱺ͰŻǺܶ䱾͸Լ
Щķкõᵽϡ
ԺУŵƼ˼ԼĻ
-
ڶգѷ˵ҴʱûðŸţȥȥͻء
Ҵ壬ҵԼѡһɻ֣
ǸϽģ취ֶõؿţοƼĶʵֵˡ
˸ž̤ʵϸɵĴͳɵжһֵأǮͰм۸
Ҫһ굽ͷʲôϡ
꣬䱾ͼųصԼӡ
Ĵչ޵ˣѾȫϵζˣֻðװС
ٶȿ㣬ֱӸԼϴװ裬ﵹ
˺ü׽⣬ĵúܿ죬ʣºüֻȫѷˡ
ԼڵôΣܾòȣ翪ʼһֱŴϴʼߡ
ȥõäкȫ򿪣˾ȫԼͰϡ
һ
ô˼ӳɣðࡣ
к˼ӳɣܻһЩҲûˡ
ֺֿãվȫ̯ϰǣС׬һʡ
ŽҲ㲻֮ǰǱŮ빫ѾҰˡ
˵лҵŮѧŻķɹӻˣ
úЩŮҲ͵͵Ȿ뿴Լܲϡ
һʱ֮䣬Ů빫ĺҲΪ˲Ǯ
գһԺдһڴдӹֻ
ͻȻһֻʮĹܽУҷϵߡ
ɫţϳ
ڴĽͣʵ˻ţǸʲôģ
Сᣬ־ǿ㣬һѷĵɣӻģҲٱץȥˣ
䱣
䱣


65 
ӻؼʣ һǰǼΪӻ飬ðŵĻ»ˡ
еӻȥһҴ˵ߣǰӻС Ҳ򵶾ˣ
̫ˣ пǸ˰ŵĻ ӳС
ӻܹҵģҪǴãп鷳
䱿һ۴ƾɡۡ޵۵С;Сȴǿּ㣬ŻǸǡ
̾ԣ һѲ˵ã Ǯ𣿡
Сѹ³ҭ ʼϷͭ塣
̫ Ժгӻ뷨 ˣûüΪԼ׼Ǯ
ȫº ֻöǰ糿ʱʡͭ塣
մȾ̸ɺѪ̯ ¶ŵöͭ壬 ʹŲ˵ġ
һˤˡ
ҡֻǮ
һ˵ڣСԼѿֱ۶һ£ ͷԼ۵ء
ֻǮܸʲôأ
ֻͷ ԸգȻͻ
ʲôأ
޷ȥ
򡢴ˡСﴹͷ
Ǯˡ䱴һģ ˻ΣֻһǮһѲ˵Ҫȴ߳ȥȻԱߵСУҲܰѲ˵㣬𣿡
ԭͷɥûϣСһ
Ҳܲ˽˵ǲˣصͷܣллϰ壡
״ɣҲȥһһäеĻᡣ
Сɪ߳ȥĴıӰ뵽Ҫܿ˵ĻСϡ
ҪǿĻǾֻСรˡ
ڿ߶һҪǺ˺󣬴ģĬ
ä⣬˶ת
ȻҲܺãʲôʲô
⣬һɫšͷСڽϣעĿ
·ˣǽ߿ӵϰ壬࿴ۡ
ɵ䱰ѺСϺ
ǸɲǼ䣬пС񣬶ֲһߡ
˭ûзС˴ԱߵСС
ٻʱǶΪСŽ뿪ˡ
ŶԷӺ󣬽ת߽ԺУͬŵҪСġ
˵ţԺкţվЩãСнԼС
дİż״ëʣߵǰͬһǰˡ
˵СʵҲͱСһģ
ôǣѯʵ
ǰ˵״̬ҲµõǶԷʲô£ٰ
˲ûж롣
䱣ǰղǴиСѧŻķӻ𣿿¾Сˡ
ۼԼˣЩģһ۽䱣ȴʲôûʡ
ֻ·װ磬ҸӼӣʱٳǣӦױ֡
˵ţžӣ̨
ãңӦо·ġ䱰СˮԣͰˮľУȰԼֺɾȻѡ
С˼УЩ˵ˣҪ˵鷳ȴŻ䱰οȥ
λƵƯ㣬ǿѹеĲɵˮϴ֡
䱽ԼľҲԭʮʱ·
ԭһʱյ뷨ͽ䱵ĺһ£ԼҪÿ캹ͣʺϴһɫ鲼ɫ·
಻˵ҪʵڲܴˣӵҲۡ
ԭЩƯ·Ͷʩȥˡ
䱷ʱ˰Ѻɫ·һذ׵ĳ
ɫøǸСﴩذ׵ðԡ
оŻʺ·
źɫ·ȥСȥﻻԼԣӡ
Ŵڶıӣ͵İ⣬Ҳζˣóӡ
䱺һͬŷΪŰȭͷСļӣһԷ͡
ţףȥǽǵĴչҨ⡣
Ѿ͵ãΪ˾ƣкŨҵһɾζһҨȥ֭ˮҨģûԹ˶֪·Ժܺóԡ
װ˴轴󣬰˺ʹлȣһԱá
ȴӷͺʱŲԼ֣·Сԡ
ʼΪСͷ
Сǰǰ٣ҲǰͷԴ̳һźþһĶס
ַͼַ㣬ŶŪַ͡
ҪΪСﻻ磬Ͳͷˡ
´Сﴩ·Ͻ䱵·ʸ࣬˵ʱе㲻ǵģ
Ǳһͽͬβɡ
С޻ЩδŸŪʣͷȫԴ棬һɫס
ҳĺɫСϲƼȦø伸֡
һȻЩģֻҪ̬Ŀһ㣬˭ֱܷĳŮУ
ãͲˣ
ŰŰСװôã̲ססţ͵һڡ
ðŵһۣ˵˾仹ڡ
ᵽСļܶƿԺȥļ
͵ʲôû㣬ֻǶЩ̡
ӲѺú󣬰źͽһ뽴⣬Բһѹѹɱ״
ʮ󣬰žͿ𣬿ʼӼ
ţֻһƣŨζͿʼðˡ
ԺеϵСﲻʶűǼ⣬ŴеĲζζ򣬺š
ѾǲԼûгԹˡ
ܳ
Ƕͷɣ
ͻ
ں˼УװżõݸȳԣԱ˲ӡ
û취һӻССҪɣֻԶĵط
-
ʱ֣ŨѪĲڵϣȴͦθϱŸ·ҡڵ˴߳
Žֱ߳ߡ
̫ͨˣע⵽
ߵڣҪȥʱȴվһλӡ
ĸ磬ΪҪΪλȥ˽ӵӣŻᱻżæ޵ġ
һ˲䣬СϳֻңԭŵĲó
ԼϳԼץס
УҪһЩҪĿһЩ
뵽䱶ĶôŸӣС;òԾԶûгȥĻᡣ
öͭ壬Ÿϳţ˫ֽסԼĴȣԼܶȥ
ţҡųȥϺЩʶ̸Сֻ䶼ӵˡ
оԼŵϣ󱳲ˮ
Ǵǰȥʱӳţ
һȥȫǴүΨһһ˻ǸСӣûá
ܿջߣŭĲ²Լøòܳȥ˰ɣ
͵ڣȫû˰
ʱҴҴһڸץֱۣ˵ã˵ǽһӣߣǿȥ
ߣҪץ
СĽ̸꣬ͳǼӸȥҪץסС
Сأ
ͱ䱶κ¶ܻȥңû˵ʲô
ȵţѾԶ󣬲Ÿ͵͵
⣬СĸĸŴ̵ţӷֱкţϰ忪ţ룡µģţ


66 
 С֮󣬽䱺Ͱ˾ڰԣһһʳ
ϻ峴زˣ ˿ס
õͳģ ڸס߲ԭͬʱ еصζ
˳һļļһˬزˣôԶޱȡ
Żһ򵥵Ĳˮоҭʱһڣʲôˬˡ
ڽ̸䱵Сﻹѧдģ 򵶾ء
ʵû뵽ԼĻ һλŮӹܰﵽǺõģ ϣƽ
 Ǻܿͻɽˣ Ҫˡ
һж̫ƽ һŮӶߣ ܶΣյġ
䱵ͷ Ҳ˾ϣ
Ľ̸ͣϦ׹䣬Ͱһжյĳҡ
䱹ѹҸС·ʱ һذѣ Ӧ㴩ȻԹԣ
һ˫۾Ű΢գһ£ ˮлϼӳ΢⣬ԭĻӣһ۾ܰ˵ȼ
űһ£ܾڰʾʲôʲô߰¡
۾Եص䱣׵ʲô
ɫһ±޹۾գգ͵ģԼʲôû˵
ϧ극Żûס䱵󣬻һɫϵһɫȹԶһƬֱ̣޳ҡҷͤͤ
ؾڴߣĳ£β˳ֹɵϡ
ͷڶ¶Өļ
ӵſţҹɫУıԵģԶƽһжǼ־׵ġ
̤ҹɫ߽֮߳ĻӰ
ţ׼֮ƷǶڸ߸߸Уȴ𿪵
ǴŰ£繵Ů
ź󣬽䱾Լ³ɽδɵҰޣϵָÿһ°Ŷ¡
£ѵذ
ЩÿһδǻСģðҲЩɬ֪룬ֻɽ䱰ŪȫĽ
̵رʱ䱵ԴȹסˣǼ⡢촽Ҳʪġ
ˣǰһ֣ϧ˴ȥͲݵƣԽԽءԽԽ١
䱣
߷ߴӰȹ˰ƾ´ֻԼ·ȥ浽˭
ڣãţ
ʱ٣̫ɽ춼ģûȫȥ
࣬·
ʳӻûй⣬Ѿϲˡ
Ҳ͹ţ׼Ъˡ
ôʶȤˣҲʱӲҪŸÿ
ɫЩڣֱʱ˳ְѻ¯ԷŵĴˡ
ĸϰţûжԽԽͷüͷĹ֡
΢곤ģųǸӲ²ǲСþͶŲŵģ
ԽԽҲֱͷһһ
ԶԶпܣ˵
Щˣ˻²ҳеӳ翪壡
˵еҼã
ϣӿţкҲ󣬰ΧҲˡ
лмʳͣԷԵһأڲϳķԲȥˡ
ֱվذѺ״һģ
ҵҪ˭ֳ
һȺ˴߳ ̵ķȥһĿڡ
ɣҲʱţ̫Ƶؿˡ
£
ǱԴһż⣬ҵĵµʯƺ£˵
վǰ˲㱻ͻȻֵҵţæԼһ£Щô£Ƣô󣿡
û𻰣ôˣֻϣʱ׼˵ģԭ뱧ԹСȥ
˵ʲô
⡢λϰ壬˵տһСӣд£
εɤӣŵ⡣
ԭ˵ġ
Ҳûţֱӵȷд¡
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ȵȣ˵һ£ٷɿʵ룬Ĳ֪Сȥպͼﳳһܺܳȥˣ£żŶ
Ǿ͸ҵĹˡ䱵Сܽ˵ԼҪˣҪߣҿǸĸǰǧģҲ֪Ϊʲô£ҪôɵС
⻰˵ģ⼸˵棬һ١
ƫƫ⼸˻˵ҪǷӦ̫ңǲӵĸĸˣ
һʱ֮䣬ϱֺ࣬ɷǺÿ
˵ַϣϡ
˾ǲģǱ˸߳Ĵӿ粽ǰſУ
ʵܷӦģţҲͰϣ
Щ
顪

ľŲ֨һſ򴦳΢޺õľžҪôˣ
еŵӷҪջؽţ䱹ѹŲţƺסˣһŷӦ
һ߲ĺŸ
һ߰ƴ򿪡
ջؽźֻƵģԼĽţԭغתȦ
ֱӰΧۿϷ˸Цˣ
ЩԷԲˬԹҲûˣͬ˵ҮԸӼԿֱҪã
ߣ˳߿߳ԣ
˵⼸˻Ͱ˳ڵϣ߿߳š
óӵĵܵЩǣʲôȴҡ
ֻܳŽ䱺ǲǾСòˣǿŮôҵģ
⻰ѽ䱸Ц֪ǿŮﰡ
ôҴżȢ֣Ů
ϱӺڳҲ˼֣˵һ飬ûҲ֪Сȥˣ
ֵ˶Ϊ֤Ҫǲ鷳˭Ը⿴ôСĹߣҪŮҲɵó£
Ա߶ſϷҲˣ˼Ҵϰ治֪ҲǿСȥûϢͳˣʲôûҲ֪ȥˡ
ü˶ˣ
Ǳ˼ϰˣԼŮסҲ֪ʲô£Ű˼Сߵģ
Ŷ̱ʵݡЩ˶̶ҪԷġ
ɽվͿСˣȷʵҲԷܿͳˣŽֱ߾ˡ
ϰûаϵ
ô˵Ͷżʳ̯ϰʳҲ׷׵ǰǰСԼŽˣû֪ȥˣ
ô˶Χ˹ӵĵܵɪһ£ΨΨŵŵ˵ˡ
һҲֻܻͷ뿪˵ԼŮΪʲôҪܵģҲٶˡ
ϵ֪ôһ£Ҫϣ
òװ鷳½䱳ַǵл
𿴴Ҷʲôʱԣؼʱ̻ð
ţ䱻𼱻ǳ嵽У֮ǰδ֮¡
ͻƽﴩ·ɴ˯ˣ
䱼״һͣסŶϴ볳ѶԷ
´ΰ´ΣξðźúϢ
ڴϣűסˣ˯⡣


67 
ڶգ ǴӾȻˡ
ҽ䱣ֻתƣʱʱͼҵԼСá
û רעԼ顣
콬 Ϳʼÿʱˡ
÷õøЩ Ϊһٻð졣
ϷֳʳСүԼߵѾС
ʱֻʣһʱǻụϡ
ЩֳʳˣҲ߼ЩǮˣС׬һʡ
˳ʳҪǼ˾ޣ û ˵ܷҵǡϡ
ըôãߵ˼
Ĺ߻ ѵɲεľͺá
ֻо˰գ Ͱģˣ ֮Ҫֲ˵ͻࡣ
ԹʳҪ˯ġ
һǰһУ ױ̨ǰ ԼϵԿף ױ̨ӵ
ҪǮ
䱱ֱȥģ⶯ֺߵߣ Ҫʲô
֪ܺԼûϵ л̲סڴûпҪԼ㻨Ǯˣ
ˣ̷ľӦ޼ѡ
˵Ż Կװѳ򿪣¶ռһͭ塣ߣдССʮϣͭұߣ͸ˣһöһĴ
˵Снʮˡ
ô࣬ÿÿ򿪳ʱҸޱȡ
óһͭ壬ʮöϣŰһַͭŻȥ
ѲõҲżʮģͿֻСڶ첻öˡ
źͭ壬׼سʱָһ£ְѷڳһ˳
һֽ
ģģûʲôڸС
䱿˼ⶫܾЩ죬ŰŶ۵ֽ¶ʱſǰŵ
Ӧ˲䣬̲סüЩԡ
˵һ˿ڣ⡣
Ҳûм˲ƽȵˡ
էһէһӦйˣǳ֪
ֱӰڹЩʵЩˡ
򷢸ɵĴǿ֯ʵ⡢ⶫ㻹ţʲô
ͰźúùӣǺ뿴ⶫ֡
ǰʲôأ
ʵָԾֽŵıԵҳ춯ñͲƽֽűøӷ塣
ܿ췴Ӧָϱɣʵ䱽㣬Ҫ𣿡
䱣
ҪʲôҪ
ⶫţǴðŰⶫٵ뷨
밢ŷǵû٣
ʲô
ΪԼڿЦ
ǾԼԺҪõ
۰ţе㲻εСƢڷüͷԽԽǶµˡ
ȥӱסŵӰһùϵһȦסŵ
ֱӰ˸ˣ
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±Űţ䱲ŷְȷʵ࣬ǰ˿ܲһͷңڿֻʮˡ
ǰ˳ֲ١
ͻƱ任ʹðС˫Ծڽ䱲ϣ˫ȶенϡ
ȱסʼȥŲǳʲô뷨Ѷµģⶫûô
Ժ̨ߺ󣬲Ű˷
䱽㡣ŻЩûӦվԭأˮɫȹ񻨶һҡҷ£˿ҲŸղŵĻζڽϾ󣬲뿪
״ƲɨŵĶɫ޲пġ
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϶ġ
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˽䱣ҲĴڡ
ֱٴο
ѡûȥǿԵġŵͷֻɨֿƿ
죬·ʲôһ㡣
ýСƢӷӿѽ˵
ʲôԣ˵𣿡հѰŷſֳ֣ȥˣ˿Լ˵ⶫôУôţ
лǣ̧ŹľɺⲻһͿʼð
ҿɲҪⶫ
˵գ䱳ǰһѰŵ̨߲ö峯ָɺͣ
ֽһ棬ͱɿݾֵ㱻ճĿ׶ɫҽڱԵǴֽŻζڳĿҶ
䱽㣡𣡡
Ҫջ٣ң˫ץס䱵֣ҪѶ
ûõģҪȥٸԼã
֪Լûֹ䱵ģֻټ˵̧꣬ۿ䱣ϣԼ
ҪȥٸܽԼһ̨ðŻǡ㱻ӽֱ˻
ѸУĻ档
ҺüʱֻջһЩ߽߱ǽǣûյּ
ֻǱøͰͻɰˡ
˵ĿģŶɫ࣬ɱƭҡ
ŸûȥûǲãֱڽϣȦпɤʱݣ˵ĵȻģ䱽㣬ллأ׵Ҷ׵ġʶǧǧˣղƣҺá
Ӧȥ̽䱵ģӦһ˿ɽ䱵ġ
ֻǾԼãֻǾԼĻᱻϲ
䱣껪䱣ûбʡû̶Ⱦ䱡
ӰӰͷŹ̵ˮڽ䱵°͡
ʲôȥˣֻԼ䱡
ûͻŪ£رԣڰ°ӡһʱͷͬһ
ʲôأ
ίԼȥ
Ѱų̨̋ϣ˫ȿȼ䣬̨š
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зޣѡ
ͻȻе㶮ŵ뷨ˣûаȫУǲţǾ֮󿴲˻ûϡ
ǵϢʱ䱷ſ˰ţحϢߣȥٸͰʲôԼˣ
ԼϣһסŵһסŵƨɣͰ˱̵ķ
ỹеֹסͷڽ䱾䣬ʪģԴհףҲûȥֹ䱡
˴ԺӣߵĴ̣׼ȥʱ
ɺ̧׼ŵ̷ľϣ
̷ľ
䱣
ţ
顪
˶ˡ
͵ذϣ
ŶûȥأͿʼƾ
ýԭת˼ȦŰ˷ڵϡ
˫ĨԼᣬԼ·
һŸ¿š
̷ľ
̷ľ̽ͷ̷ţ̷Ц֮̾ŨⰡŨⰡ
䱺Ͱţ
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̷ľ޼ѵģ䱸Ƕ˵ˮһ˼䣬ѼѵĴС߰׺
䱺ͰŲ̣߳վڽϷ¡
Ҫʲôţ
ԶԶԣҪȥٸ
ԼͷǣŰһͬȥٸ


68 
 ܿ͵˹ٸ
ҪΪǲѣֻ̫鷳ˣջһ֣ٸҪ¿µ ȻΪǰԼ¡
ػûʮ겻ɡ
ЩٲҪյѣ Ȼ졣
ϵݱĹ дĲԭ֣Ҳԭݡ
ټطû˭ʶʧЧˡ
ӹٸ󣬰źɣˬ ԼĥǶμ䣬 ԺѾģˡ
ŵϹ͸ζŷ·ϣ òС
Ž䱵ҡҡ ȥ֦ɡ

ǵȻҪģ
䱿Ű ЦóеĿɰģܸоഺˡ
ûԥ ڽϹţ ʲô
Ǻ«
ʺϰųԣ 
֦ӣӣѣ
ԣ
иʽĸÿֻһöҲ˲١
ԼľʡʡʵΣ ˺ü ѰװԿΡ
ڽϹһʱ ˮ򶼹飬ŻصС
Ժڣ̷ľѾѼѴΣٰѶϣڲϵݾͲˡ
̷űڵϣͬԼĵģľˣҲվߵ̷ľԣȥ䱰ֵĲˡ
ӽע⵽ЩˣһƬˡ
ֻǷҶӾ˿ʼƣҪήˡ
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䱺ͰŽź϶Цڵĺ̷Ŵк
̷ź̷ľˣˮһ԰ɡ
ðȥϢԼŲ̨ϣóһ֦ڰ֮ϣôһԡ
ھǳ֦ʱ򣬵Ѱ˼Һһһѡ
ͨ򼸿ųζ
ȳԣҽȥŶ
źͽվýС˵껰̷ֳЦЦ󣬰žװǸӣȥ
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ױ̨ߣȴӲóװСľеΣЦСľУȫһ顣ӶԾԴϱȱȣϱȱȡ
һŰЩµĶŻľУľзױС
óԿףϵĹӣóӡ
ջ˲ǮͽϵǮùˣҪõǡ
ͽһ󣬻սһʡˡ
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ֹˡ
ֻС֪ⶫǸģԷΧⶫתȦ
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鷳ȥ콬ԣҲΪ̯ɫ
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űЩҪŽҪڽ䱻УרעÿԸŲۡ
ģǵĽȸԾŤºɤӣǸصĽ䱡
ذ֦ιС
Űűۣ;ԼҲ̵ģ;ǹӡ
Ϣеʱ䣬мŵӡ
⻹ԣÿնɢɢҪǿԼС׬Ǯܿɹۡ
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дһλͨŮϴ¡֯ãԼòôãӡ죬Ůںӱϴʱһö˿Ѫİǡ
Ӱ˼ңҹ֮ʱӰóҪʳѪˡ
ŮӱߵȡˣԺӰҪѪҪŮӴӦˡ
սദУŮӼԽԽ֣ҪǮԽԽ࣬ҪŮ˻Ǯ뷨
ӰΪóŮȥ˻Ǯ
һжŮӵļ֪ŮǮʹøְ취ܶǮơ
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ŮӳŮԽԽãס꾩ǡ
ƫ־֣һܰС¡
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콬ҲûԹ
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ֻǣˮƵҲֻһˡ
߳˼е콬ϹϺϹϻ߽ԺС
尢Ÿ˵ţǽճպˣ


69 
ŲŰѷϣ ûҪʲôһϹ߹Ҳԡ
պ˷㣬ֻðѲ죬 պ϶Ƥ ôóԣ ûԻòء
ѽ䱽㣬ԵĲϣȥ㶹Ƥ
ų¶Ц⣬ָڶһ£Ѵķ˿õԼͷ ׼ȥڶ̡
ῪĶ̰ѶһҶˣ ӶӶƤСҲʳҲã ӦоС
ֵĽַ ϲȥ
ã ȥء
䱵ͷӦ̨ߣ һڹ ˮϹ
 ҶӲˣݫҶסݻˡާˣϴɾ ŹˮͿԷȥˡ
ȰҪһĲȥ Ϲһš
ڵʱ򣬽һ еһ
ֶʲôóԣܱ
߽̣ȥԼõˮƵгԡ
˳ٵſȥһ°Ŷû
ߵſڣûڶ̿ţڶϿ˶Է
и̷űⵣˣѾˣֻʣ˺գպÿżԡ
Ҫ˶ã䱾վſڵŰš
ò˵İת뽭䱶ʱϬ¶Цݣ˶ò١
˻ǣֻصԺС
ϹϺͲѾã©װѶ𣬷һˮ
ٰʣ¼ֻҪһ¾ͺõĲ˷ȥ
ԣ˺ϴɾ
涼ɫİգͨɫգպʲ
룬ƹϳһ©ϡ
ټô䱾ˮƵ԰Ż˻Ρ
䱽Ծɡ
䱽㶼Եģ¡
˵꣬һȥѽҨ׼
ˮƵա
ոСʱö࣬ʣ˼ǼŽеȫڿõķϼš
ǿϹϺͲ˵Ĺϴɾøų
Ѽɢ뽴⳴ȣټС⡢ˡ
ϲžͶ˵ǣζ
ȹ̹Юʱˡ
˰ѽͲ˷ŵϣֶϴһѣ׼
ȰѶƤԼϣҶףÿһպϼҶϣ˷ⶥѶƤ
һȰˣûųԼģǺؿŽ䱣ܳȥ
䱴ͣǿҧһڣĹģ۾ȴܵģ
ҲЦ˳䱽ÿɰܳʲôֵܱĺܿ֡
䱽һպˣʵζϸֲ˵ζˬǺͨһͣصģȴñЩ⻹á
һÿӴϹϣҧһڡ
Ϲˮֺ㣬һˮ
һڰϹҧͿ뼦ҶϹϻˡ
ϲҶĿڸУˬġжζġ
ϹϻҲܲеϹϵζڸ޵ġ
׼Ĳ˺ ࣬ÿһ飬Щ뱥ˡ
ʱŵ͸䱰
ֻ˸ҲûֱӹŶƤ
ܰĿڸУϼǼⶼԳ˺촽޵ģˬĲУ


70 
䱸ɵ ĴʳҲ󣬰պ˳˴룬ֳ˺ü
Ա
űʳСܶ࣬Ա ͳԴ ЦеؿŽ䱷ơ
Թʳ һ̧ͷ죬ϵӣ̵ѡ
ڶ糿Ҵ壬ȥֵĲ˳ôˡ
кӳɣѾ磬 С͵ģ 鶼Ծá
ǸɵжѾˣڵƣ ûгӲݣ û˻ٻ硣
䱺Ͱų֣ ܵ߰ɵЦš
Լһ𣬰ѷϴϰ¡
ֵص˶Žũҷʣ Խ䱴ôôĲ Ҳû˻ɡ
ϣ 䱽Ҫʲôʱһηʺ󣬰ŰѴ֦ǰóɵжһλųԡ
ڳɵжĳʳɴţ ֻҪӣ ҲǻʳѾС
ƣǰѳɵжܵúܺá
뿪Լغ 䱺ͰŶûлŻˮ򣬶ҵĺɽ￳ӡ
ͣɽ£˲ɽ濳ӻܿŵ͵
ӿȥҪΪԺеĲ˵شӵģԽ䱾ĶǱֱģܱ֤ȹ̼Ӳһ͵һ¾
õĵǽԼĿ񵶣û̫ܰӿ
Ǻá
ӻص̣ս䱲Ȱӵĳ
ðŰţԼԺ
ڴ̵дʱʱ̧ͷһûߡ
ͰԼдĶһȥߡ
ЩûʱŤͷԺӵķ򣬿
רעĵģڷ⣬ůŲۡ
ǰԡľ飬νֺֿãļӳξͷڲ˵ϣʱͲˮ
ٽ콬̯Ѱ䱡
ãǴӵģ
콬ҹȥˣҪˮƵֹ˵ģֻܺͽ°ķӣһʱգýˮƵ
ԣǿԵģ
Ǯ׬Цݶ࣬ʼվ̨ǰ콬
ŸȤҲԱš
սֻ콬˵ҪĲϣҪúóԣǵÿһС
ľ콬ԼˮƵҲЩ
ǻݻ
һʱգС콬Ƴ˰³ʳ̯һ¥
ұΪֻǸͨС̯óǺóԣȴҲ̫ʳö˼ڼﳢԹκ󣬶ܸ̳
ĳ֣ô𽥷⴦С̯Ĳ򵥡
ϰ廹Ͷ£򵥵ô໨
ģ콬̯ӳӻɧ׷ĵط
ƽǺöԹˣҲԵӵġ
ΧǡС㹫Ҳ֮ʱϲ콬һڡ
콬ҲԽԽ㣬˺ü̯λ˺üˡ
׬ͽ䱰Ŷ˷ֺ֮ʱֵΪĶࡣ
һһڰûôʱ򣬴Լĵô߹·Ҫ
ѵȥͬʱΪ콬һ
³ʱԼ׸ŷֺ졣
ŵĻúܺãÿ̶ܹһȻٱ࣬Ҫȥ׬Ǯ
³ʱҲõʮӡ
ٰԼдõġŮı׸򣬲Լõ׳ƵһҲ˶Է
ƾһ֣Ҳûʶ
ҹ˴յһ𣬰Ѽռȫڱϣͷš
ֻӣͭΪ̫ˣ¹ǱߵĴȥˡ
ЩŲ£
꣬Ϸɫͭ壬ٴ
Ǿʮ
˲Ӷˣָˣ壬ַذͭŻ¹Уʼӡ
Ӿͺࡣ
ȴץһСϳƣÿʮΪһѣȻҲа˶ˡ
Ǿǰʮ
һһһʮȥ֮ǰµԼʮӣϸܹ׬˾ʮ
ҪԺ׬ô࣬öð
˰Ӻú󣬼رһ𣬵ϣůȺ˵С
䱣Ǿͳȥȥת·ӣͭô࣬Ƕã
ôǮɲʡˣҪõĶһˬأ
ڽ䱲˺ü£ͷЩըëˣë׵˵ãҲµͷΣ䱽ÿˡ
û϶ϴΪ䣬ǿͷϴ
ʹ򵥵ķʲôģӰ쵽ֺÿ
ڶգ˶ûúϢһϽȥ
ȥ̣һѡʵĶ£ȥӵ̣һʮص޻ӡ
˲Ǯ
ǮͭԽԽ࣬ڼﲻ÷ţ±͵
ȥŰġ
ȥ֬۵ӣѡ˻ַѵ֬࣬ѩࡣ
ѩ໹еôģڰôģðԽ͸׾״ˡ
뵱䱸հѰŴؼʱŻǸССС
û뵽˿εĴˡ
ҪǷִָˣη׿Խء
ȥϵӣΪѡüͷп԰ڶͷǰĨ࣬ҲֱӰͷ׹յľͷ
ͷڽԴϱȻʱ΢죬ЩЩڴ˵պΪᷢɣÿһտ𣿡
˵ʲô黰ѽˣԼĺס
ͷ
жȥ˵Ͳˣ˲Ÿƻؼҡ
ǣܻϲſżзŶƤ˯ūȵغһ
䱽㣡


71 
Դм ֻ˳ԷʱҲԺлˣɵ¾ǶڼëԴ
ޱϲǵ¼ҡ
Щ֣ 䱺ͰŶ˻صУ ͿֻԺȥ ʱʱɤӡؽš
˶ûо֣Ϊֻѵһߡ
򵽵Ķźãߵ˵ԣСӸʩʩʣֶϸ鿴Ҷûг档
һձһ䣬 ޷䣬 ̫ûȥҲûоҶˡ
Ҷ ֮ʱۼ俴жڶ
ʲô
ˣ
Щڣ ݻƵĵݣ ΪԼͷ¶ɻ ûдȥ鿴
·ʱ ĿƺʲôСޣ ȶһ¡
Ƕɫͼ̵ĵݺƣĻֲˡ
ɻأл˿£ ʲô˻жСޣ Сϸһ Ȼֻ˯˯ū
еĺȻʧɾϲ΢ź䱽㣡
ôˣ
䱻վ̨ʳʲô첽š
㿴ǼҼѳūˣ
һֻƴСèèŶ֫ţ˯ðʣһûС
ϵëִɫģ滹żݡкɫͻɫëӣβɫޣƵġ
һһֻƯɵС
ëɫ͵ֱ̫ݰţҪڶ˹նֲˡ
СƺΣյķɫצצ鴤ţһһɫ붶ưưɶţͷҧݼ䡣
ϸȥûһС룬ͷҧˡ
䱺ͰԽԽϲԽյԽԴ쵽ȥˣ
СûҰƴСèȻôˣ
߶ţһָֻСصСıϣߣš
ë׵ָе⨺ң⨺ҪһЩ⨺Ҫůöࡣ
ֻ֪Сè˯˶ã˯ůë˯ˡ
СüмɫǴɫģ˺ײǺڻɫ
䱰ָ֣˳СëԴ
ˣеغţ䡢ۡԹԡһĴʻ㡣
ɨһ۽䱣ȥСצצ
СצצСûһָ񼸿С͸ɫצȴСŶģһ㹥ûеģ
յ̫ϮŵС˯þӶһºֻǰצסԴƤķ
һë¶ɫۡ
ȵûߣ
յøŵСèζˡ
ɰ˯ѹСèһԼΪһ˯ѣͿֻȻ
յôȵϢϣѹȸС
ŵС۾Բһվ𣬡ݡһԭͬ룬Ϲ
һըĻư׺ں
ðɡ
Сô£Ҳ±С˵˿
СԼĵطó۲켸Ȼ󣬡ݡس˳ȥ
С쳣վڼѵƽ̨ϣСצӿżľ壬èƵģë޵Ѷ
Աǽ䱴ӣʱûдͲֻиӡ
СҲû룬
Ҫǽ䱰ӵƤĥ˸ɾ»ץסϡ
ӶˣܵǽϣִǽݶƬϣƨƨʧݶ
һܶˮ˿ޱȣֱӰûʶ𾪡
䱻Сèˤվӵ̧ҪסˣСèúܣҪæ
Сèʧ˶һۣжǿϧ
ôԵСèҪöá
ʵ᲻ǸһСū
Χèӵǲ٣Ψһ֪һСèģֻҩǱߵĸˡ
ӣСèȷʵôˣǻã͡
ҪҩǱߵСèֻСèĵйģȻһֻèôԶİĻ˯
˵ԺҲץСء
ϧСè뿪ֻɸ˵ûߡ
գաųϼѣж
ڽ䱺ͰųȥûһֻаĽ޾˹һ㶼ǵѡ
տʼһϢ֮аĽ޾ûйʼצ׷档
׷ĳ򲻶ȣˣ
ϵëҲ˼Ƭصڵϣ޸Ͳǣûֵϵë
ҲûСܵ˾ţ
ֱֻаĽˣſǵ˯ˣֻŵõϢʱ䡣
ŵȵ޻ȼݣ
뵽޸ǣֻءһվתƨɶ׼䱺Ͱţ
ôԵˣƢ䱸ֻһ£ֻ̫ãƲˡ
ūʱֺģԼļʱһ
űЦ͵Цš
䱱סҡҡλ̨ߡ
ճԼЩ˸Ģ⡢Ԫٳص˿Ѿǳʢˡ
˲Ув˻ǰæġ
гĩŷŵζ裬һԣֱŰʮصĴ󶬹ϣζѸƤ
ƤˣиָͲˣȻȣѶһȦ
гƬͿˡ
ߣһ⣬ҪлΡۡۡ͡ͺˮ
˼͵쳣ܡյģѾǺܲܺóԵ״̬ˣŻڲϵ⣬ʱʱץС
ûһ𽥿״ҪΪһ塣
ʱǴԪӣҲ裬֪ڸиǶô˳ڼ
ãð
Ưӣȴһ㶼弫ԪӸζýͣͣ
ҧͷϣ
ĢĢƹģԲ÷ϣֱ¹ͬһ㳴ƶܺóԣȫÿ̫ࡣ
䱼һĢ⣬ڷУټӵ㶬˿һ㲻̣ͳ¶ˡ
һٷԵüΪ㣬ˮͲ㣬ͬһţҲʲôˡ
ϴ꣬ƺڴϣſߣŴ׵¹⣬۾ԲԲؿ
䱱˯⣬ԼЩԷҪʲô
ôˣ
˰ŵԴҲƫ˹˫΢΢һԵģͬŶš
Ųӳ䱿ڽϣָڽؿϻȦ
лǸѧأÿÿҹɫ֮ʱԷܻԼȦòӷϸĴ̼дֱ嵽ǡ
ʱҲͬķʽòŽ䱡
ϸָߵ䱵ڣÿɿ·Ƭ¶ָشлڶϻȦ
Сһ¾ͱģЩҹΪλˡ
ֹֻסŵֱ۷ðſϡ
ýģ˴˵ĺܸܵ
Щܲ˴ʱİţ磬޹ֵ·һжġ
ϷŪҡѰ޹ǵӱøЩ»֮ܡ
䱽㡣
ŵͷ˿ռŽÿһح¶ļڼ֮һǣԴ˳ſ棬ģԹԺܹԶ԰ɣôСϲ
һ˲Ļ㱣㷴Ӧʲô
ҵȻϲԹԡ뵽ԼСѿڶĹԹԣðżôãϵЦģ°⣬䣬þĶǣ˭ϲĹԹأ
ʣðĥ£ֱҧԼŵļ֮ϡ
䱵һ˻
Ҫ˵䱻͸ˡ
͸˵Ľ䱹ʲôֻǱסţðߡ
ƺڴŰŽʲô
ųӵ˽һȴûʲôֹԵǣ˰ŵ֡
-
ڶգڰԹ˼һ֮ʱۿֻСȵŲ̦Ƭǽϡ
Ѷ˯ֻ˳Ժַ
Ȼ;èҲͦġ
ֻֻųɵǰվѰ
ջŵըëСվ첻µزˣҳ嵽ǰֻצӰڰŵȹϣ
ſԼȹצСūְֱСèСèķ۱Ǽ⣬ѵ켦֪𣿡
С
С
Сè̫СҲûʲôࡢöޱȣڴĽ䱶ˡ
Ҿ˵ԼèУû뵽Ĺˡ
ܵǰ£òϴŵİӲϺϵĺеСèһ¡
㻹ǲ£Ȼģ۸Žˣȷʵñѵ㰢Žҿɶأе
ţ
ɡ
ŰСŵϣȥ׷ֻԼס䱵ָڽ䱵ıǼϵһ¡
ɱ˵ֻūء
䱣ţҼҹԹԡ
ţ
컯Ǭź


72 
գ ֻСԺܣһͿʼ켦˾ŶƤڼ˯˯ǵݡ
ҽǱߣ Сʧͷգ ´򶼺żæŵ
Сڴߣ ͷÿնСԼȥʱС踣һȺСèСһ𵽴档
һȺСèڼѺȥǵԺӶèˣ
ֹȥС£䱺Ͱһͬȥٸѯ֮°Σ Ⱥٲȴ˵æµ Ҫٵȡ
뿪֮ʱЩٲһ˵ʲô ˳˸˳ȥ
Ⱥٲ˵ĸﲻˣ Ѿʱ˵ط˺üɽͷ ûҼˣҪǻҲĻҪԴ
˵ԴǸٲ βŲ ¼ˡ
ʱ֮û취֮°ˣ Ҳ֪˭ˣҪôȥѰ
Ҳǵ£ЩСϰֻҪԼӣ ӡ
䱰ο˰ż䣬 ߰һõģʮ֮ߴѯһ
ڻԺе·ϣ ·ҽݣ˷ֱһֻè߳
ϱЦǺǵģ·ʲôϲ¡
ɳ´ҽ߳ߺͬ䱰Ŷϣǹ
´򣺡ҼֻСϲǣҪȥ𣿡
СèǵͶˣٲǵĻҲߵġ
ֻСöǸץ֣ö˶Ҫؼϡ
ҪǲĻҾٸҸ˼ңֻǿϧôϲˡ
ⷬ˵ģý䱰ŶģСȥ˼Һ󣬾ͲϲǡҲᵽǵԺˣĻˡ
˶һۣͬʱ˵
ǼҼ׷ϰˣҪȻ˸飬ƻӦϡ
´˵ǲҪǮǱȥ䱺ͰŶ˻ǻصԼԺУװС벼ľΣȥè
èȽϿأ˼èĻҪдèԼè׼Ƹء
ͨ˼Ҿֻܶ࣬׼һ㡰˼˼ȥèèС
λصҽݣ´ѾֻСװ֯õһֽһֽ䱺ͰŶСص̡
´ҪСһʱ䣬С֪ѾǼҵˡ
Сһ󣬾;Щģצצɤӽš
࣬еܣɡġ
ȥԴȥײײڵϣԼҲ˸ͷſ
ôô
䱺ͰŶûסųˡ
һСèʵصԼߵġ
޷ֻһżëĸӣҲǡèȥʱԼҪʲô
ǡèǽء
ȡ۵Ե֦֦ϰһϸϸһ˰ǰʱգֻļë
ˡ
⴦طҲСèڵġ
˼һÿȸһϷɫĲȥè
ͨ˼붺èĻͻռëͬèèˣ
èϲëģ֮˫۶Ųڵϣ°ͲԵ
èΪ֦Լߵ࣬ҪΪһЩԶС

Сɹעſڵϣ˫۳ߣضǶèϵëʱ׼
ʢаңֱڵϣסë΢
Ϣûһ˯ˡ
ż״ſǴ˵оԼߵСޱ𣬷ŽС
СҼźСţ


73 
ٽ֮ʱ 䱹ţԺУֻ֪ҹԼҪС̯ƣ¶Ķ

һþϸ ζһ£ СԲ͵ŷ죬 һ¾סСߡ
ԭ˯ѣҪ뿪ֱ
ڶèϣֻҪèһëҲ
ʳʱ רŰѻδŵϵӹм ڰϹСԡ
һèһʳôôܰ
ʳϴ꣬ ˰Сؽ ʱ͵͵ܻҽݡ
 С˽аУƺڽǿšʱƣ гֺ棬 ԴŴϽһˡ
䱷ڴϣ ֶµİŻζ£Ϸֳһ
СǸΪһЩϸ˿֯ΪοΣ 濴 ܿ
ҲСǸĵ㡣
ңÿǺÿ˼Ҳǻ˼ 벻ʲôãҷױ̨ϣտ
ܷŵڼҲǺõģøСװţһɫ޲ÿ࣬ɵС
̧ȥãһֲˡ
ţɻЩգ֪Ϊ˵øԼĶֱ˻ȥ
ϻδü¶˵ı飬䱾͵ҽôá
ôûҪ
ϵİźڵϵСһ¶ɻı顣
СͷڸʲôΪʲôǻἷһΪʲôͣ
ڻưɫϾΪݵС룬ÿ϶ڶԼء
ءһŴ˹ȥֻצıϣš
һϴѹСڿ
£
-
ʱգûʽСȡ䡢ؽš
еöˣС֪Լˡ
Щʱ˲ע⣬͵͵ܻҽݣտʼǱ档
ʱһ;ȥУͿʼ졣ÿһСͻ׶ģűСͺ
ҽúܺã͹ˮ׳СͲ֪˶١ģ󣬰СҲŵըëֻܼβͻܻش̡
ԼߣСǷϺüղŻֳֻûСޣֻ棬ҹʱֻŶϸеĶ
һ糿˽䱺ͰһϲһֻѪķ˶̱ڴߵĵһ´Ľ䱸ȵ
䱽ͣҪ´İţڴϲҪҲҪҿԼȥɨʹɨ˳ȥ
Ȼõôһţٽ֮ʱ䱻ǳţΪС
ԻǽСʵԼԡ
Ǹͷһﵽҵ㣬ЩеĶ͹Ĺĵģһѡ
Ƭ̯ʱ򣬾ϰˡ
ֻ㱳ϻϸϸĻ㱳ЩϸܵСеĸϸСʱŲ׿ס
ȻĨϵۣмơ
㶼ƺ󣬾ͼнζټˮơ
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ժĿŷڰͬнһơ
ˮտټ뽴͡סǣԼһЩϡ
Ϲǣڹй๾ţʱʱζ
֭ճͿԳˡ
һ㣬ָСһʣ װУװ쵽ڵĺϣһ̴жΣǿӾˮ
ӶǺԽ
Ĺôõ㣬ԵйϸСĴ̶ôܸоϸۣϺճĽ֭ڱý䱸ܵŨζ
û㶼һһԵġ
Щʱѵ㣬ȫенϽ֭ͷһԡ
ֿſŷõĿڸУҧͷϣ
ÿÿ԰ķʱоԼҸȻиôõķˡ
뱧ŰĽϴţ˵õţ
극һ裬мüǣ̵ġ
ԹؿζĶ󣬳Եģܾ泩
һŲŲ㣬ŵǵֵӦǳˣһڳ
ԺеֵרӦڶ̵ģڳǾͿЩõӡ
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ٲգԼˣ
á뵵ıӣ۾һģζͦģǿŪ֭ڷУҲ÷ζһ¥
ڵ״ζ뽭֪ʡӲ࣬ζˬԳż뷬÷ĿζøӶء
ֻЩˣûǲС
ڶգһոô֮꣬ʱͿӣԺкͰһݺ
Ҫߣڴкһ䱾
ԼֵҲڣСڵԣСббµأһ̣
ͱȻһסҶ;ͱˡ
ѷһԣԼĪӺ˾Ͱ˳
ȻʮͷܴҪԤغܶࡣ
ţӦ˺󣬸ʺɡ
֮ǰͬȥҴ鿴ԼҲ˳ôʱžģũ̸˵ʱãճҲá
ڿб࣬Ŷճɺʵʸ
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£䱿ûʲôɫһ󣬶Աݲ衣


74 
һ˱Ÿ¨ һűⵣٶȵҲ죬ˣԺоͲʣˡ
䱺Ͱվ̨ǰŲˮ
ƳγεڱгɱƬ ˮй๾෭ţ 㽥 Ʈÿһ䡣
ǣڻ䱲Űڲ赹У¶ȥ
Ȼ룬Ϊˣžͻ¶ȥ
߽ Ͱϵɾ Χϲ˲׼롣
׵¿ ɨӹ䱣 ȻҲôˡ
䱣
 ²͸ˡ
ӽнӹЦЦ ˵˾䣬 лл㡣
룬 д̴ˮƮԵɵġ
¿˺üۡ
ӽŵڵζ ᶯ΢ͣٺ ͻȻһ£æݵУ Ž䱼Ҵҵлһ£뿪ˡ
ֶµʣµˡ
֪»᲻ˣ˲ָ֮ϣ⹴
һϢ֮ų첽߳
վһԵĽûз˹ģֻ²֪ʲô̼ٶûһ£Ͱȵˮ˸ɾȻһҵϡ
ò
䱿еٿ£һ󲽻ص̨¡
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ڱһĽ䱣ڰȴֻúܿɰֱ̧סԼ͵Цı顣
װ뿪ߣס䱵ֱۡ
䱽㡣ૣЦӯӯŵŽ⣬ʢĻ䣬˭䱽㲻ѽѲ¡
в˵ʧ˫ۻأԴƫһԣ˵ȴһ˿ʲô
Ҫ˺
Цűס䱵ҡҡԴǰ̽ȥڽ°һǡ
˻ûбãٴһǡ
ŵڱѩڣЩάֲס˵ģˡ
䱽ˣҸóԵĺòãü΢鶯ؿŽ䱣ָСڶϷһ磬׷ָǴطػȦﰵƺڱʲô䱽ʲôԡ
ðɣ䱳ױãסŻӦǡ
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һգǱߺְѲƷоظóһЩС粨Щ˶ĽǰƷʳ
ˮҲܵӣԶĵطʳţЩط˳ʱϲ·ˮƷԶĳʳ
⵹Ϊˮһ׬ǮȳЩ̯жڽˮƵҲŰըεʳ͡
콬̯ӵһЩöʳͶĽǰ콬̯ϳԶֻʵڼģŻѡطԡ
ѵôֵʱˮ¥Ҳһ𣬾ٰƷ硣
ϯƳü¥ԴƷеʳɵģҪǴϯͲ֪òٳϡ
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ھ¥п˵ģ³ΪǰһλãܵʳܿľżϷ
궫ǣڽɢ
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̶ֳȣ·ڹڡ
䱻Ǽʶ̫٣һҲ²ȫŲŻơ
浽ˣ˲ŻƻصԼСԺ
Ǳǰѻƴڰϣ˵úñԡһСܵƺСèƶС˺Ƭɢһء
䱣
ţ
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˵Ķôлڡ
ԽԽ䣬ɢȥˮ
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ŴůͣЩ˶ϲȡů
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ſžĳã˳ˣý䱵ñļࡣ
Űдֶ֣ðŵУڴ̵д
Ϊ˽䱻һпĺľӣϵ棬дʱء
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ѾȱǮˣԽҲûԼȥȡǹ˼̹ö̹ȡԼվ￲ϼ๤
ÿ죬ʱ̣ճɸߣֱǽϲũ
˻󣬽䱺ͰŶ˲ſʼѡҪѿֵ
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ΪζܻͬӭڻϸóԡرҾ͸ӿˣ
춼ҪŶֻΪܳһȺģճİ
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䱵ҲޱĶ˫۱ۣԾš
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ģˮСǮֻôһ֣ѰıĻԺֻԽԽ١
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˶ߴߵġ
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ðŹȥǰ


75 
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ˮĻԶֻ׬ˮǮҪȥɶĻ ǾͿ׬ɶΧǮ
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ȥɶʲôأ
䱽д
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дУ ʼҪ׸׸򲻰Ļط дٶҲֻܾˮ
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ȥ ǴҪı״Ĺʶ
ʲôı䣬 ôı䣬鷳£Ҫϸϸ һٲ¡
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ȰѹӦȥ콬СԶɴƽܳԵСԣģȴȥɶʱˮ߲Ų⣬Ϊǵİʯ
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ã䱾Ϳʼͣ׼
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󣬽ִŰȥ˹ٸٴѯʽ֮°ô
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Դϴγ³һս֮ˮԽԽˣҪ˻죬ǶԲϳ³ķϡ
ԼĲѣһľƣһ¾
ȻʺϺȾƵʱ
ҲѧģһھƣСĺȶˡ
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76 
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Сͷϣ һֻèռһͷ ѽ䱼ֻܺͰ˯һͷϡ
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䱰Ŷ˴· һ߳ůӣȥˮϴ 䱾ż첽ȥš
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䱱³ӽůůͣ ֳ³ôԼˡ
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77 
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ըͰʳʵеؾҼҲ˵ֳ뷬ôóԵģ
ԲõģĶֻòģ
ŵ˵ǼҲ˵صĲʳͲѳԣ
Ҫʳ͵ĻǾӦóϴϴ˯ˣȥôˡ
ΨһҪľǣӦ콭롣
콬ǩԼȻԼҲû˵ֻ콬һը뻹е㲻̫
ʳղ˾裬û취Ӱ쵽콬⡣
ľͲһˣп콬ûġ
ҪǴã»ᵼ½䱺콬ﷴĿɳ
к⣬ǿԳǮ콬ÿĳʳ͸ǡ
콬Ҳ׬ǮˣҲû˼ȥЩˡ
취˫𣬳尢صͷʾС
֮һҲвסˣ䱴һӵߣǳȥţͲ裡
һͬţţͲ֮ȥ콬ͬ콬˵Ҫ֮£콬ޱȶݡ
ʵ䱺ͰŶ迼뷨ģǹϵãԲҲ׬Ǯ
䱺Ͱ츸ĸĺýð
콬̬ãҲ̫ǮѾͺã
ͷڽģֻǰѶѣֻĸԸҲԿ
е׬
콬꣬˻ص̣³ԸҪǶʳ
䱾
Ҫ³ӵգɲס
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ĺˮݣһ߱ãм峴ǻڻˮɫýƣֱǱΪݻƵɫɼɺһ𷭳
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Ѹղˮĺ̳͸ɺһͬڹз
ɫˮðСʱͿԼţˡ
䱼ټһڣɸҶͿԺˡ
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õ廨ọ̃ζŨ𣬲Եùѵ
һţޱˣ䱰Ѻ춹죬ַ۷ŴŴ״̬Ȼֱм衢ǰ
һӺ󣬼ţ飬ˡ
÷ĺ춹ɫ˿ţںϣһŵ̵֪Ŀ϶úȡ
ţĽȸԾǣޱҪţ裬Ҫ˼ʶʶ̲
ţã³Ҳʳˣж˵У˲׼ԡ
³ӣãҵҪȳţ赽ûôúȣ
³ţƶѡһʴõ̡
µĲ³ӻЩ˼գֻСһڡ
γţ裬ڱţĴζ߶ټõ廨뵭š
·ڻ֮Уͬʫԣ̸˵أء
ѡ˽Ǻ裬Ũζζһ˿ζ
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˲ˣҴûȹڸ˶صĲһ뵽п˶ֳޣǧŵĲ³Ӿ̲סúúã治治ҶҪɶ󰲹˺úȵĲ
˫òУҲЩСúȣ䱽㣬һ׬Ǯģ
䱣ٺ١


78 
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ʳϸһ ³Ӳ뿪
ڶ컹δ ˾ͼһͬǰɶ
ɶǺԶ ҪһʱҲܵ
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ɶܴа˸ڳĸ̺֮ʤ
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·¥ǵ 㻨׺·˼ͨϰգ Ҳˮϲ٣ ޱȡ
ûʶĴ ʲô棬ʲô࿴ۡ
һɶ ֱӱɶۣ ֻаһ˻ǵĿʲô
ϸ۲һжʳģ ʲôʳúòãʲô˳ʲôʳʲôģ ϲ
㣬 ˺ܶʳ̣˺ܶ಻ͬĶ ϰҲ˼䡣
ģҲǶԳɶ˳˽⡣
ɶ̫Ҫ˽͸ֻһǲġ
üգ䱿ʼֻյţʱ磬ʱ磬ʣµʱ˾һȥɶ۲š
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ЩɶܵĴҲһֻһΡ
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ͬʱΪԼֵĲˣɱҲߣԺСһҲ
ţ䱴һӣͰš³Ȱ߿ֲˡ
ˡ


79 
ֱӰѳ³ӽеУ һΧǰ¡
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λϰҲǴӱǶֵģ ȥżæתء
ʣԼת÷ѣ Ҫʮ
֮ǰʱ˵㣬 û취˵Ҳû˻Ⱑ
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պһ׼õ˰ѳɶֵ̫Ӵã¿ҵ
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䱼кסǡ
߹·ҪóζӦоУϣ
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81 
ﶼЩʲôΧʳǰ 
ÿ¹żƮζǿûŹϣĳַζģ ûôȵǣ Ŀˮˡ
лһζ ŵ泩һ춼Եúܾ񣬸ɾ
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ٺܿ죬 ֻص˵ ΪʱҲ࣬ȥϹϡ
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Ҳû취̫ ̫ǲġ
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ھ޳а˳ĿڸУԼŨţζ
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ȥִּţеԪӣΪԪӺͰԪӡ
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ڸвһϲ˶ͬ࣬һ¾ͷţΪʳ̴ǰ붼
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һһˮ ѵҺϣ ϸһңǺóԻ۵ˡ
֪ǲ̫Եʣ ǼֻҪÿһղ
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ڵ۶Ƿ賤ʱ ۷ϵҶƬ ͷ׵ĸϵһ ٷĩΡˡǡȵȵϣˬ
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۶ϴɾ󣬽ֶ׵˵ժ˼ŷ ڰͬһг顣
Щ׼ã žŴ룬ʼ۶
ǣ һģŰ۶Ǻóࡣ
䱸㲻Ϊʲô
ܲŹǿʱϢͿԳˡ
ܲŹһʴ̵ĴлɫζȫֻϿúóԡ
һٷζҨУͷһټһ۶֭ˮжͼ£۶֭ˮУһ¶ǡ
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ǻ㵽۾ԾĬĬš
Ϊ̫óԣ˳Էٶȶƽʱ첻٣һ뷹¶ǣ֮ʱ˵ٶȲ
룬ŵĴţ˿֮ǰ̻ʡ
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źһͷã㳦վٲ˵ģ⵽ʱӳԡ
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Խٽأϵ˾Խ࣬Ҹ˶˺ŵƽʺֵġ
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ſλŮֱ˰Ҷڴͷϣ˰ѳʹ͵Ķ̧ݡ
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ȴҲֻͣһϢ󣬿ڵã˻Ǯ׬


84 
㡭ŮָŽ䱰˵ Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
˵¹ȥӾͻ䱺ͰŶˡ
ʱǶô÷Ķܲš
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ĹôడóСӾͿʼ԰
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ټʵЩý䱺ͰŶ˲ġ
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Ҫҽ䱰ŶʱȫҲˡ
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85 
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