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1ٺͳģߣдĪЦһܶ¡е͹ȣҲлԻͣΪΪ
2ȫƪζŮװڶָŮװ
3Ը㣬ֺڣԹ߷ƣʱʱɳ£ֻԼˡԸʺڲп档ʥĸϲʥĸĵĲҪϲԸĲҪֻϲĵĲҪⲻ˵ĲҪ
4ޣֻΪģϲ°ܡĶ뿪ͨ档
ݱǩ Խʱ   ɳ 
ؼʣǣĪЦ  ǣ  ɣðգ־gl
һ仰飺ٺͳ
⣺澳۲ӡ


һ Խʼ


1 
һգѾõĳڣһǹ죬ҹյļį
ĪЦ
ĪЦ
ĪЦ
ĳʣһһĪЦֻݵ˲ʧڣƮδ֪ʱУǰֻѪ졭
ĪЦ෢˷ƵѪУƴҡδ˵ʬ壬һһĺԹ۵ӼΪ͡
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ӴֱĽȵڵأһԼɱè޺ӣ࣬㲻Լܶ𣿡
ٺôô˵ûɱûɱҲҪǣǡ
еŮ˦н߬ġյʹŤ
¶֮ɫĪЦҵ۹ĺӣϵáΪǷڵľ޶ŲĪЦ̫ҫۣԼϲ˶жӡ໹ܼݽİϷ˽ǰԸء
ûٶ˵ѸץססĶͷ
ûݺ̳ʮ꣬ҲүΪʲôҪĪЦȥɱ.֣
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үֻôһŮΪı˶ʮ꣬ȴ޴ļȫƻĪЦңүеӣֻãδҵͰٵ;ͬѵ˶ʮ꣬ͬûԼֻΪ߻ţľôһǴĶ棡ĪЦİŮˣֻүӣȻҵòҾεڣүӿˣĪЦɱˣҹˡ㣬𣿡
ӲЦĵıͻں֪Ľ籡
ڰҹٶȻһǹֻѻõ裬лɳѶĸҥ
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ģҡţ
ûü˼ҵʹٴϮԣļˮɢĪЦ˫δΧ壬ڹȥ
峿ĪЦת΢΢һһʹɱ.ӦʹȻѰҲ
۴ǹݻķ䣬һͼֵƵĻǽϣ˼֮
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ڳбǹɱ֪Ϊûȥ䱨괩ԽһСϡȻ۶Щ棬ĪЦȴŲɡŬ̧֣֣һ˿Ц
Լ֣СͲϼ룬ھ֮󣬸ǿӲôݳŻӳһȭڸץ
ҪָʵҪٹ
֮֮ĪЦĸſԽκΣ۵ľҲûаֵǡŬҹ䣬õϢ
һʷδᵽĴ½Ĺڵ֣ĹĴڡݣ֣̽СŮΪСಡгսɳĴ⣬عѵĴɩݹŲõӡ
ĪЦۣǰͻȻе¶Ź֣һȢϱŮǺεݡͭĥƵľӲʮֻܿţһ֮£ĪЦǰһѡ
һ̫еʹʻڴ˴Ϊü续Ǹͦ촽ǻɢĸʣֱƲ򣬾ִЩǣҲԲŮӵһĿԼڣòҪǲٷ粨
˰죬ٸЩϮĪЦƬ̣ȷ˵£ٶ˴ϡ
ֻץʱָӦʱΣϸո²ãһ鲽⴫Ƭ̺󣬷š֨һ򿪣һĸ첽ֱ߽ĪЦ齡
ûио˿ɱ⣬ĪЦϣһʱ
ǸƬ̣һЦĪЦǼݶСʱѵģ
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ǳڱܣĪЦұѸٻϢ֮ԴǸ˻δüУεɱ.ֻСĪЦ۾ؿһƣ̧ƵĽƵϣشŴ
İ£ĪЦ˱о裬ֻθ˺ԺгһЩڴŮļ䣬һ䣬ĪЦȫĺëɫ˶ҩڲѡ
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һ˴ԼİճԼĶͶͱĸģֱΥס뵽˴ĪЦƤҲһҡҲӵƣ첽߳š
ݷ⣬ǸСµĻ԰ĪЦӻûӦ˼ٸֻߵ԰еͤЪϢƬ̡Щķ紵գĪЦ۾˼
Լڷ棬˵ҪҪ֮أĪЦλԴƺЩҪ˶ϲ㣬ֻǵñһǹ죬ĪĴԽ
˭ǹɱ
ƾĪЦʮпķѵ㱻ֱΧҲȫˣһǹȷȷʵʵ֮ϣоĿĪЦͻȻֳһܵļ裬˫ĿȻɴ
ȻĪЦ֪Ǹ˽ĺصŮˣϾǺԼϦദĽãܶԼ֣ųɣĪЦҲҲκοԸɵԼˡֻԼεˣлʱɱ
һֻˣһΪάҵ۹ĵλԼһûиɱ.֣һпܾɱԼ֡
Ӱ΢΢Щζⱻ˱ѵĸо֮ϣʹٱ
࣬࡭ĪЦס߶һ֣ȭͷ߬뵽ԼΪ൲ӵΪҴ棬뵽ʮëѪѵЩƺһǹ֮󣬱ú塣
̶̶ʮ꾭УеĶѻޣ׽˳񡣱ȱ̸ʹҵôԸôһͷķʽлĻ
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2 
СݡһöŮĪЦ˼лŤͷһŮӺЦݣʣ㲻ʩ죬ǡ
ĪЦüͷ΢壬ѸٷйڴŮļ䡣
ΣݵĹɩ˽ãҲм֪Ա֮һĪЦŬ¶һЦݡ
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Ҳ֪ĪЦеķŭδƽǴԽûӦӣһЦǵû˿ʾõ˼˼Ӳ塣Цͣͣǰ˫Ҳ˻ĪЦ԰׵գаԹ̴ڣ㻹ҵ
ĪЦҡͷԺôҲ벻κС֮䷢£ֻñֳĬ
ͷǰ㿿ĪЦؿڣ̾Сݣʵ㹲ޣǵãҹã˷纮գһֱܵġܰѾȥѰҸβҩҡ
ĪЦɴ˫ۣһʱ޷šɭϵĹŴ֪ŮݣĸɩӻС׽¡Ůᵽ޹õ£÷˼ɻ󲻽⡣˾Ҳ°ܻҷ磬˷飿
ĪЦ߶˿һҵ˼Ҵ˵˼׻ȥ
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ҧλĵŮӣʱƬ̵ãȻͬһˣͬϢΪθĸоˣ
ĪԽһȫȻİĻ۶ϳ֮¡ĪЦӦһʱ޷롣
һ·ĪЦƽϢ˼顣ɿʼǽ¡֪ΪδԽȻҲ֪λȥʱֻ˼·Ұһүѣ˸񷨣ΪˣʵûаȫȻ¶
֣ӰĴֻôһӡͻȻʧȻȻ󲨣ʵĪЦԸ
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ڣ¸߹ңתҹĪЦҲҵ·Ȧһܼ飬ûΣպ͸٣ŷϢдҸۡ˳ذ׺ͻó
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ĪЦĵطΪȫĵص㣬һ˵ʤľ飬һĵ֦ʱһһιȥĪЦĵĽһ֦⣬ʱ֣վӣƣ塣
ѵǾԺҲҲ˿衣
ĪЦɫİ⼸ʮú壬ҹε֦һλãŨïҶ֦ǡôס壬Ȼɣû˿©
һУĪЦĲȥǵĺգЩ嶼Ҫ밲ȻͨҪһۣԸѰ޺ɽϵѾ㹻а㲻˵ģ⸱ҲƶԸˣ⻷۵ǡǡҲΪȫʱ䡣
һɣĪЦȶηɮȻʱһһιȥĪЦȫȻ֮Уʼеѵ
УζÿһֶΪɱ˵зӵ£ڸ֪С
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ﲻܺ˼ֺΪеĵһؾ磻ҹգȻΪһ壬Ϊеĵڶؾ磻粻ıɽһǣ˼һ֮䣬Ϊе߾硭
Ҳ֪˶ãжŨܵĲݴԼ¶һ˫˫ֱֱŶĪЦ
еҰ޶ڰ֮ʳҰʱ֣δٵʳļޡľãĪЦδж׳˵ӣһһͣĳо˶ȥ
ĪЦƺûΣգɳеУȻҡ
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Ǽ޼˺޷Ӧдϲ͵ſľ޿ڣצǰ
ಣѸʲԤĴ˳ƫб˫Ŀδзڰ֮еֻȻתȴʲ˸
ĪЦġסһȻۣһ鲼ۼ׵طɫʹĪЦûصޣԼʶĶȻͬ񻢣˫Ŀӥͷ˫ˮţ޶ƫƫСȴԳһý̬
ݵļвûйڴ޵ϢĪЦҲףСļһǲû￴ʲô޵ġԼĵط֣ûй׺ݵ޴ڣĪ֣֮ڵһܱܿԼ壿
뵽˴ĪЦͷӿǿҵΣУƺЩԽļ䣬ıɽһǡ
޿зƳĪЦ۹⣬ŭʤݵķٶȳȥĪЦ˿δذײС
޿˼ƼĪЦ򶨵ӣɣתȦǻԭز
ĪЦ۾ż޿Ƭ̣΢΢һЦƳȥ޼ҪܣϴҲΣգĪЦ񱼶
ǼÿҪʲƣӦԣȴԽսԽ£֦ܴ˼޵ĿԽԽ٣Ǽֻһ죬ѸٱʲԴĪЦѾ˲˼ޣк
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޶ĪЦĳĬûԣ˵ѪǿҾʹǵü쳣񱩡
໣һ߷ǺǼ޺һţݳҵļٳĪЦߵ֧أһЩǱն޵ҲݣδĪЦٶȻϮ
ƽҲδرȮۣĪЦȻܲɱ¾ľȴ˿ûǡⲫõķȻٶȣͨĪЦĶ֣ټɣֻҪ㹻侲޲ٶмףҲǵ֮ꡣϧݵ̫Ψпȡʤ
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ްٰĪЦÿνձܹɼ˼޵ķŭ޷׳죬ļ֦ȻڷɳĪЦ棬ϽӺŶ㿪
ۼù£ۼ׾˲ʱų̣צ֮ϣҲ漣ĳ䵶һĪЦһ򵭶̬ɫȻһͨޣȱֻݡ
ܿ죬ƽľ۾޸Ѫ˿ڡ
޳ĪЦ˼ʱ͵˽ǽŵײȣͷˤڵأǼ޲һţݳһߣѹĪЦ
ͣһƷһȻͬʱĪЦһֱصذƳڡ
šɺѪУĪЦƺһѵĳ֣ȳѪӡȥϼޣĪЦϲδ˿ϲѸתذ׻ǰĻܣȵ
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3 
ѹûϵһûеŮӻԼĴڣҪ֪֮ҲǷëǵĴڣ֣ܹ֪
˼˼̣¿ƢһҲ
ĪЦ˫俴ǰòɷǵߣɫԽԽء
ŨŮҲԹ˵֮ţΪ£ӭУգ֮ΪǡûϵŮҲ˫ȫߣϧϧ
ĪЦѹûͷ˵ʲôһ˼ο˵ʤǰߣӯԼԱǷӣ
Լո뼢ಫǿ֮ĩһ˶Լô룿ĪЦȥԼûʤ㣬Էذף㲻ðҡ
ڼõˣϧ˰ҲûŮӦܴ죬˭ϴŮһڱһʦģʱһõϷھ㣡ͣ׺ţѻʯʤ㣿˺ţףΪ壬ʮޣϷҲ֮ΪС
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ڱصã£ңҲлһ䣡
ӴĲᣬ缸ʵϲҲҪͺȱķķһŮӣǺεܴ裡
˰ˣŮ˶Ǽʶǳ֮Ϸ硣һԣо綾ձ
ĪЦΪϲЦĪǼʶǳ֮ʮ»̥ôĸӶ󣬶ȴĸ
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ĪЦ忴˰죬ҲûȻֻǷ֮ϧ뻳պ󿼾
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뵽ھݵһ·ǰٱһ档ĪЦ̾˿ٸһ
ֻжⷽǿҵİСǳĺţ߿µľʱ޿̲ĪЦ֪ۡнȻͬ磬ǰľ飬ƺȫָʵǰٹ
ãĪЦŽĿ䵽֮ϡ
زʶԴʵҪ£»ɫŲ߳֡


4 
ĪЦûϻŹƣӣεڻ
ΪͬϧƷҹҹ¥Ҳϰݲ˼ҵΪĪЦֻҪᣬѵʱȥҰѵ
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ĵطð¡ĪЦУ𱣬ЩƱһ˸ԡϢ
˺ÿգĪЦȥҰѵĿĪЦѵųжȣЧȻܵ͡϶ߣٸһʹĸо
¥֮УҲ˲£ĸ˼ֻ֡λع飬ûüĿ
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ױˣϷˣϷȴóˡ
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ܶδĸоĪЦƺһȥ
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Һˣкκô˿̰Ͳʧ죬̴ðݶСϻۣ⣬Ӧ¡
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ԽԶԽã
ܼ֪үĿദ廤֣֮ڶǳģگ飬үֺοˣ
ܼȰĪЦȴڴ˿Ų롣

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ס֮ˣһ˵áЩǵϡ
ݵĪЦҲܵһĪ˸С
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һĴòеè֮鰵ãʼڹؼط޷岢ʮȷһСܹʲôܹ࣬˵Ļο١
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ĪЦЦʮΪϼƣǹܼҵּۿ죬ק첲̾һȻСԣСү׶ӻף˴Ҳ⣬Сүȥպպ󡭡Ҳ롣
ĪЦؿڱܣЦһǣֿġס˵ͷ
÷ʵĺȻ껪פˡĪЦǵһĿĵŮ֮ʱɫѹңҼʮꡣ
ĸ½ƼǸ侫Ůӣ೾֮κζӲʮŵһŮѲպӣŽݰж÷һӳ裬ΨݴӲ黳㾡ĸ÷簮½ƼˮݵŮӣֻһˣʮꡣ
ĪЦʵֻ뿴һ۾ߣƨɻû̧÷¶˫ۣĪЦ
ݶ~~
ĪЦͷö˶˵ֹɽ·ʮ䣬ëȻձ
ĪЦ̫죬÷ƺ֪ǴŮΣ֣һЦݶȥ㣬֪ľ˹ȥҲ֪˯˶áĪҪģСﻹ~~
÷߬Ҳ֪ĪЦм峸⣬޷ֻ֮󼪡
ѣϢҪݶ̽
С治ɰҾҪݶңҪǲ㣬ҾͿޣ޵Ϊֹ
÷һ˫ˮŮڴĪЦӽֱѴＫ£ĵŮж֮ǰδŮһΡ


5 
ŷڶ˶гһɫɴ£üۺЦǳȸʤʩֻŪɣһٺڷɶˡ
ݷޣĽ̡֣ĽݲŮĳ㣬ƫƫĸӢŽԲۡҲ֪Ľݲ˫֮ǿҸɵйļҵ׶ӲʩŮݡ֮£ٳһԼٷˡ
˿ˮȣò˸ǣĪЦܷŹ
÷С֮ʣæܵĽǰǣס֣ϸжˣ
̶Ѱҵ𣿡
Ľһ˫סǰᣬĿк飬һʱ֪ηӦ
һĪЦΪɿֱ÷۾˭֪ԴȢḺ̌¥Ըǰ

÷ûסЦǽϣĽ̾ѣƿĪЦһĨʤա
춯ĪЦ̧ۣȴֻһıӰһɻּһŮ뷿УŮòǾɫȴҲˡļãϸӯӯһգ൱ڡһµҩУޣ˼
ղοеܰǴŮСߣͬãһǰѰҩ˿̷Żع顣ĪЦоһůĸоʿܰҲᡣ
֪ԭĸоδȥӦ˴ʱҲ˻ݡ
ֻܰɨһۣһЦҲɻ䣬ĪЦ֣үֳҲ۸̣ҹոտ뿪Сɲȥ
ܰƤգգ۾ĪЦʱ⣬ǴǱˣӻİ뿪
ĪЦǰŸߣм˵ɫʱࡣܰŴǽŲԶ̾һ
ܰҩϿѰ
ܰɫǿ˵ͷѰѰˣֻʦˣԲѡ
ҩǰ㱾£˺ҩ
˶ʦĲ֣ˡ˵ɷģʦ֮ǰѾСүⶾҩҩţܰѾȡոҹСүɫ񾹱ǰҪãܰһǰˡ
÷Ŵԣлϲæס֣ܰ߶ʸͣ
ĽԲһԣü˳ۣ˼ȴ֪κη
÷ϲȣ˼ĽһۣĴȤЦ̶ȻݶӺת޶ٷַɾ~~
ĽһĲ豭ڵϣˤ顭
ֱܳãĪЦڷ뵽ƻᶨ˳ľġԸԼǱϵܿЩͨ뿪
ϵɺ϶㲻ԸʱֻܰǸĪЦһƴǣѹҲûȥ塱ΡĪЦһ徲ʱ򣬾ȻͽԷĲΡ
Ⱥ֮УͬչŮӾԸ١
ƣñ£ĺ׹УȴмɪУ˶ϳ
˻˼ɪ˭
ĪЦ֮ˣҲе뱯ˡŮʲô£ĪЦȫȤ˽⡣תҪߣµ𣺡Сݡ
ĪЦͷһ٣Ҳ֮ͣ¡
ܾãԺһֱڶҡ
ɩˡ
ξֱߵ˫ۻĪЦһ˳ԵֿʼƮɢĪЦһüƿȴ˵
㳤ˣҲѧƭҡĴȥ¥Ҫȵҷʺϴһ֬
ϲɩܡ
һҧ˫ӿһǰӲ⣡
ԺԻע⣡
βģߵǰϾҪЯͬ飬ʫƷļһ涼ѣǰĽ̸ͬİ·ġġ
ľǣˣŴɭϣŮ֮ΪءһϣǴ治м.飬οǣ֡
ĪЦкЦݣô͸Թҹ޵ɷһ޶ɩˣѹֳӳ壬Ҫը˷ݡ
ĪЦ˫ۣתһۣоЩѹĪЦֱ֪ԭӰ죬ηŻɩĪҪˡС˴ɩǴ󡣳͢⼸ձҪɩҲԡؼңգЯͬ飬ʫƷȥ׼һ庮ɩҲЩϢ
λҪ˵ĪЦıӰѾԶˡŷӦеġ֣͢궼ϼҶ£ΪСҪǰȥһŮӣಡôӦ飿
겻һ˫Ŀ΢תʧ
ҹĪЦһڷϥƽˡ
ž¼ŵҹɫֻмĳת죬һ΢紵ڣḧա
Ѿһʱ֮ãĪЦСɵϰߡҹʱ֣Ϊ׵ʱ̣ٺòֻԴ͵ı£ϰߵµô
ĪЦ¥ļÿҹϵųϹ⣬ϹԼĪһʱһ鲼ĪЦȫЩϹϴӣĪЦëлϺڵҺ壬ճĪЦųҺ嵽˽գɫǳ࣬ŨҲϡ˲٣ÿϴӹ󣬶ȫһˬ
ĪЦ޷һ󣬵ֱеԷ顣ŶЧòƻЩӰ죿
ĪЦ֪ǧǰħ£ǵٶˮ𲻽ǹȹЧϴ辭áݣɻһԵһƾıϴ裬ܶɻ±÷ΪħƷȴʲǰշתǸУڴ˲ᡣ
ĪЦⱻҺմȾʲͳͳϴɾϴ˸ˮ裬ڴϣѾ˵£⼸յľͻȻ𼸷ֹ֮С
һֱ׷ѰĴԽ֮ûаͷһʱ֪ôӺδ֡ϵֻƾһоͽ޴ΪѾм;ĩ·֮ʱչֵҲѰ޿ɱȡ˵ΣС˵ᵽһء
ݲȱȫļƺûᵽϢ¥УĪЦ˲νɡ¡ǰֻΪ˶׫Ϊ档ڣ֮³֣ɲš
궼ԴԽ޳кβף
֮˵ܷ´Խ
ҹɫĪЦ֪ʱ磬ĵطһ˫˫Ʈݳ£þԡ


6 
ĪЦѹҲû˳뿪ҵж֮컹ʼδڶ峿һΣ˸֪
ԼĪʮͷΪΣһɫۣƮ룬Ŀ嫺ףη
ĪЦӴ˫֮ͫʣһɾ޴ѹȻо׺ƼС΢ĪЦǵС֮ˣҵľѹ£ܵս˫ȭ뱸ս״̬Ҳ·ΪУ
ݣ
֪ĪЦĴĪЦ⣬ĿҲ˷ְ
Ȯݣ֪ʦΪΣ
汲ҺȻŶɽʦȻǲɽɽԮرȫ⼸׼һݿȻšɽȥһѹƽˮֻǿĪЦĿУζ
Ȼ֣ţǧҵ߱Ҫأ̤ЬҲ޷漰һɽһ֮¿ĪЦϴӳɹǣҲðȻͽ뷨
ĪЦƼ޵֮û˿ӡȴ֪֮ꡣϲ⣬кܼһƽȻšĪЦһһ仰ͻƽⱾҲ˵á
ɽݲģƱ彻䣬Ȼȥ
ĪЦһͣԶߣץסĪЦ˫磬ɫѡ
汲һ̤նȥߣһ˿ɴ²ʦţ۹ⲻдҺ˰
ĪЦüͷȴûƿ˫ֻ֣ʵз޳ߣ
ȻУ汲ڿഫôдɷף˫ޣһ콾ΪԻ͵ʱĹ£ٻֿɵáܳһߣٲǻʵСɺЩ꣬Ҳδһɻáݶ׶ಡΪҲûⷽ룬˷ˣ
ĪЦóļץסԼֻڲͣ
˳ɣǷƿʱգ
˺һͷҡҡͷ̾㸸һ̣֪֮֮٣գʦʹŰʦʱʲ١
ĪЦûжԣ֪ҲûнǶϢȥˡ
ææˣ
ݼԼӡֻʡ֮ڵһλΪŮֻǰŻɽڻĳů˷θԼסӡһϿŰ壬ѵһ
ݵļѾ൱ϲˣΩ½ƼԼĻ£ĪЦ翴3DӰƵзһ飬Űǰи߿Ƽ
˵ʫģʮ״ԪĲģ߷֣ǰŮ˸ġ
ݣҲǸ߹㣬ƴ粽ΪνΪʱû
½ƼӦǼöɳ˫˵Ŀ⣬ŭУһСʮˣһҲ̬ͬʮŮһ㡣
ĪЦ½ƼǰݵԸĬǧ˼תûƴǸʲô½ƼʲôʱԼĪЦȫӡ
Ѿָһؾ磬һ굽壬ôĶŪ˰ɣĺ޲
½ƼװƵģ÷һʱ˵ЦֵӼèжԶܶԶ½Ƽոմ֣ڰ׹̶飬ս¿಻˳˼￴ƺ«
ľٱ齻ңҶ˵һ仰ҰƤŮ˵ݶĻһС
ĪЦԶٱľװơľǺҲҲֻ֪֪ƪ֪Ƶķ𾭣صǳ嫳ӬͷСֵϣ˹ľ̷ֻá룬ĪЦ롣
ŮһĳĬ½Ƽи˦˦֣ȥ飡Ҫҷ˰㣬
ĪЦߣһ½Ƽȵ
ĪЦͷȴ½ƼϢ֮⣬ֺסĪЦ½ǣüӺδ
ĪЦһ亹ͣһоҲûУͽ޷ľ룬ʵ۷ʱԼһ֮
½Ƽǳˣ
ĪЦİ磬κ˶о裬⸱ԭҲ⡣Ȼʵ˵о˼һõĹ͵ġ
½ƼԵĳ鶯£ɫ䣬մĳ֣ҹ
½ƼħƣĪЦظϰظһӲĶע⡣һ鼦ĺɫƣ·ʵͨ죬Ļ棬жоƤůģиΪһĸоѹԼûз֣
ǡԼؿôĪһĪЦ˲両ֳ½ƼǺɸֵգС⡱һƴ
ļޡߣɲġ
磬ԶԼʶĶʮһ͸ΪΣաӡĪЦȻ󾪣ôٲϤĵطи಻˼µԼʹָʵܸ˵Ⱥʿһ֮¾͸ذᲢ
Խ֮󣬸һȡ£ȻֻС˵УĪЦԼ̫࣬ӵģսȭͷ߳


7 
ɫ磬ĪЦһڽϣųˮĽУƺЩȻʧԽ죬ƺꡣҲȥ·ϤһС
һƺڼеȥĽԸĻԻͣлĻһȫʱȻĪЦļˣоһΡһش޴ҵĻָ̿С
ҲһŮӣԶôΣյܴӦԡԵһأĪЦͷפԭأĬı۾
٣Ƽ˭ⲻҵĲ𣿡
ĪЦȻ̧ͷһ񣬿ݶЩ˵ӡ󲢲á˵Ǹ߸ݵ꣬Ϊףһ󲻷Ƶͷһ۾ǹٻӵܡ
ĪЦǰˣʵ벻󲽳ǰ㴩ˡĵҲԼ޸УĪЦ
һְֻļĪЦƺһͬˮת֮½δմϡ
㶿˼Լ֣ЦһǣݣΪڷԺ飬Ҿκβ㣡ԶǸֻ޵ķ˵Ǹͼˣϵɣ㻹ǹʺһѣ
ų񶾵ĻȴţݣѸݳĪЦȥȻŭ
ĪЦḡû£κδͷϾǸӲӣҲҵһˣܿȭ磬һβ걩Ӷȥ
ߣСҲҰŪ
һǱȣɢ貵⣬֮У䣬жصжšĪЦһȻǷܼѵǸߣ
ȻشĪЦӲı飬ǵ⣬ⲡӹªҲΪ棬ǰѾȻųѡУšڷԺһ˼ȨƣڡߺߣӶɼ֮˱ϹϾһ̫ԭкη壡
˵䣬ǵѾĪЦĪЦͣģѾǱǵƺ۾׷ᣬ˿ûյ˼⼸ղϾϴǿ˲ٽ֮ĪЦѼֲס
ƺҲĪЦøе졣Ȼϳɷ˲ӣܹƥеġݾܼôãҲ԰ġ
Χ˷׷פ㣬СУϾаɫΪʾͣ¸ǲ飬һû磬٣ĪЦ
סĪЦе·亹ʪ͸½󣬾㲻ߣҲܸоĵÿ綼̺żǿĻ˵һҲҪҷ
ô죿ѵҪɥڴˣ
ͣͣͣͣ
ĵĽסĪЦɻ磬漴ҩ˱ǶһöŮȻ𣺡̫ԭ²Ҫ̫Ҳ֪ŵ˼˷ˣǺεȴ
䣬һӰ£򵥵ڣڲõɫУɣʤɣΧһ㱣׷׺Ů֮
ĪЦҲ̧һ
̫ԭɫ䣬ҧܰʱɵɫֻҵӲʸ
ܰ΢΢һЦʵܰУʮȥѵûʸҵӣ
̫ԭɫѿ֣֮ڣƽɫǺȻźҩšҩŵӾˣڸڱĺã˵䲻Ļ˭ҵҩŵˣǵ£
ܰѾҩҵӣϢۺ̶ȣպ뾳Ҳ¡ǲӣ뾹˸ݲӣ
̫ԭɿ˼źȻһӷȵԭѳҩҵӣǿϲɺأԹʮ֮ڴﵽҵӼ֣֮УĹ֮ڶߵĵ䷶̫ԭ磬ɻ֮ʣ飡֮´ᣬ֣ǷԺʱѣռ棬Ȩɣĳһӳʮ֮꣬͸ˣ
ĪЦӹû̷ǶĿܰɫƺЩݣĪЦˣⵤҩȻͨɫ
̫ԭȻѰɫһϯ˵ñ񣬵ˮ©ԺȻŷ緶ھܰ뷢ҲҲʲôɡĪЦЦһȨɣһôɵ
ʮң֮вûж졣̫ԭһάܰҲ˺ƤĪЦüŨҵɱͷһ̫ԭһ֣ȻӿҼҹҲġҩƵϴӽǵãҼҹӸĻ񡣻СҼҹѱȻųɽУպǻͬţܰӶҼҹӶչˡ֮ĵҩܰȱ١
԰գܰԻȡһͨ׵ĵҩ͵̫ԭС漴Ҳкʧ
̫ԭ³ܰ˵ͨףʵȻҩŶŵҩʿඥͻƾʱһţɴƾٶȡҲҲһţ֮Ķ֪ض٣ȴܰˣ֪Ůֱж
ҲüΪĽ۹⿴̫ԭҪ֪ɱزֹһܰʱ˵ĻȻĽύ̫ԭ̫ԭհе˲ٱˣϵڱ£û
ʦ֣Ҫ˺ȻţֻҪܰٲʦֵĺôʶһֱʵҩҵӣ˵ȸԵǿ󰡣
ȻƢںȻҲҪʦ񵱳ڷԺ֮ʱԺ֣ңǻҪҼ֣նԹҪҲ׾٣ȴӦܰȻ£ݣֻҪ֪ܰ
ͷʦ˵Ļһһ̫ԭ˼һ˴㣬Цλʦܷģպ˺ôٲǷݣ


8 
ĪЦ鼫Ը񱾾͹°ԸԽһδαԼͣѾήҲ
ɣԭϣûɷǷһƾͿ԰
ܰĪЦüͷЩֵۣüģһȻעĪЦڣɫһɣзɢ
Сү̫ԭҲĸ֮ˣǰڷԺâ¶ССȺ壬ŻĹԾһȻʣ˴֮¶ԹԼҲδɡɽҪСүսȻţǶľ㶨Ҫúðաֻϧ㲢ûɻȻȥҩУĴϻۣҳɾͺõĶࡣ
ϧĻܰȴǰڳ˸ƤģԴĪЦ˫ۣƺҪʲôߡ
ĪЦһ룬СҪ֪ΪʲôԼͻȻɻʲôʲɻδţν͸
ܷ˼գȱȫ˰ʱͻȻðɻɣ
ĪЦ˵İ٣ܰһüΪԸἰ֪ĵĲѯʡ
漴㻺ȥһ
ܰһ·ĪЦ֪ҪΪԼζ½Ƽ꽫Ů͵ҩѧҽΪ˷ֹиⱩ¶Ůݡ֮ǰӾͱüξܹȻڣȴܰҪĵλ
Ů츳ܸߣʦҩҩ޳ɷҽѳ˻İ£ҩ޳Ϊƣ˴Ůδ١ò˵½Ƽ۽֮ߣ˼֮ܣŮܵС
ܰĪЦûж΢΢һЦʼΪ½Сүÿ¶ŤŤֲܰûףֺˣ
һЦö֮ĪЦȴû˼ͣݣԼûﵽ˳Եĳ̶ȣӳŮħצߣԼһӣ
֣ܰѾˣ㶯ɷŶ
ܰĿһЩ˼㡭֪ԼжĪĸģ
ܰĸ½ƼĪЦһɵȻҲϣԳһĪģ
Ȼܰûж룬Ȼĸ㣬ǲ˼̫أ˼ǹ࣬˲顣Ǵ˴֮أȻҲʵ顣ǻʵɶҶСүܰΥʦҲŹǣ
ĪЦƣùݸܰĪҪ
ܰһЦߣη已ůСүǲԸ£ܰɲӦ
еĶѾˣ̫͡
ҲǸŶṈ̀ԪҴ֮ͨɻպ˺ȻţҲɸΪ˳
ܰĪЦپܾĻᣬһĪЦʱ֫ãδŮѹԼ˵һ仰
ܰɫЩ죬ɬ֮һţƬ̣ƾձ˸ɫɵಡĪЦڡ
СүĪģҩ޺һ֪ˡ
һذĪЦʶ
ֱڶ죬ĪЦת߿һˣ¶ϣ֮ǰһнǻ
ĪЦſУûвκ˼һ
°͸°~~ĹĪЦеδйĳʵ׳ʵڵ۷ʱ״̬ϵƤҲ֮ǰԴ̬İɫ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ܰĹ͡췢ʲôһӡҲûУ
ĪЦڴ϶ѹϵǿһЩģͲͷ޽һ
룬ĪЦıš
ҹ˾ʱǡǡĪЦֺ͸йΪʱɱܿСˣȥô˸кһ·С
һҹĪЦĻɱޣսԼļޡֽǳûţǰ͵ҰޣһЩɱʨϻĴڡЩûжǻۣҲû̫ıӵǿǵĪЦǸúķ̫
һ·ɱĪЦżµС˿ҹϹϴ»ָ˶ӣƥֿʼع鵽ϡ
·ǸĪЦ͸ɺ£ипǧҩŵҩ޳Ϊβ꣬ϴӼĹЧ
ܰڵҩѾ֣һָҩ޳гϣ߿϶Ҫҩ޳ͷö࣬Ȼô־͸һ£
ҩ޳ǿǽһڣ
ĪЦͷЩȣȱľʵֻǿˣվȽŸҪܸѧһаʽ̫ԭ֮Ķֻ֣Ƽˮ꣬ƤȥʦҲѹҲˡοʱ֪Ըļߣ˼ҲԸ
ĪЦҡͷЦպҪâ͵ˡ
һ죬ĪЦϰֹɱ¾֮ӿֵǱ⸱ӵ쳣졣ʮĪЦ޾˳˿̵϶ȴﵽ۷壬ĪЦǰʮδйüдĲ̬ȫӢᾰǻȻԳɡ
ߵĻѾʮգڵĶӦѾųɾĪЦûȥµ˼ÿҹųʣɫѾɵɫȻ֪ųǺÿһʺˬĸо̡
ĻָµϴӣвдļԽԽơĪЦãо˵ԽǰǸǮȨ磬ôƬ½ǿΪ硣
ǿߣκһ䶼ϵȨڽ̫ԭӵз˲ܱɷû֣ܰնɱǴ֣ңҲûжŵӵʸ
ŵӣɵĴڣݶôԺյķˣҪɸ׳Ƴ
ĪЦ˼֮ʣؾҶһ۵ĺ漴һɺ嫵ϯ񷡣
䣡~
ʱ·ֹܱͣͬ߿ռ䶼֧ӰĪЦٸһƣȫбǰס
ĪЦзһ˿죬ҲŲ벽һ֮ʣ±ĿĹ⻪漴ĪЦһ쳣ˬĸоͷ·Ŀ³̵Сѿһ㣬Ȼ
ĪЦ仯ȴڴ̫ͣãһ·ȥһɻصڸ߿γһ޴УľУཫĪЦգۿҪٲŹⱩӶ˲ʧ伣ΪһĨɫȱ졣
ͨ
ȻֹĪЦӰյ£Ҳ»壬ûܴ˺
ʲô
죬ĪЦĨɫȱüʣ֪ʵãҪĵҲҶͣȾӡ
ǹص˲䣬ľԭдеӾȻûҲΪˣϤ·߶ҷĪЦһһ֮ǿΣӿͷ·ˣ


9 
Źĳַ֣ɳʮɲǼ䣬͵ĺء
֮ϣΧ˵Ź⻯ΡеǱã޶Ůľ޹¡һŮӣݣʣϾɢױȵ֮ɫƫƫŮּȿ飬üһѻı˪ɫɫϣγһ˵Уһʧɫ
˿ʮҲΣŮһŮ˶ǰ׷ԲԵߡ
ǾɫŮƼˣɫأ˫󴦣Ĵбöָ죬ԵǬһǧܾ裬زʣкδڵ壿Ϊ޵ţľɵطӡūλʦ˳𲻹죬һϢڣħŵ
ÿƻǬ֮ҵǰ֮壬ҪɷЧȣ
Ѻαض˵⼸ǰ֮壬ֻа벽֮ңǽղҵȽסٹϷֳɹΣ
ӷ𣡼λʦѾӡ˿ľɵǼϲ޹˲ڲʱֻϷ֮ʱָЩ
һȣǴüĿϺһ˫۱ų⣬ԭӵ̼䱩׳ӰģഺļýޱȣϵվҲóһӢò漴޴ĽɫǳȦȥ
ߺߣȻͺ¿Ȼն֮ȻǷչ꣬Ҳﵽ˰벽ľأ
˻ͷͬʱս֡
֮ϣĹ·ҹ˸̻
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ߣ꾫Щ£֮˦ħš˦ǣҵǲúЩƽֳɹȰ㲻ø翹ǹԹԵģǰɾһ
ۿԭȻգۼɢаЦɫŮգƿڴǺȻɸ֮˳αթαӣ.ǽɱңȻҲ±ҪȻɸ
Ȼɸ
Ȼɸ
Ȼɸ

һƮǾþòɢĻ·ޱ߶ˣͷ־塢ָҡ˫һ֮ɫԣ
ѵǴ˵еĺ䣿Ȼͬ죬쾹ҲЩ˵û뵽ǽ֮Ҳʩչ˴ͨٺ٣ֻ´йûˣҽ裬ڳ
Ȼ棡챩һһۿɼһɣǵأ°УԽԽ࣬γһ״ϼʲԴŮϳɫŲϼϵڡ
ףԣ
챾ЦŨŨϣ˲üΪ࣬Ҳ룬Ѹٳزϼ״
⣬һ
±ȻɱҺһҷ𣬡Xεĵݺ֮ϣͬʱ¿һѪ̴ĬһѪֹڰգںڱ֮ڣɷɫԭ׵ıù쳣
һɷ԰㱩лգ˺ƴֱ޹⣡
ð벽ɵǿߣһ꾫ССӰƭˣҲҪ㣡
˺ѷΣѪɷ賤䵶̴˫ۡһбʣǵʯ֮£ԴӲޱӣӦСĵǲʩչǺӰѪΪӰͬһԼ·Ҳ׿ƣֻ֮ϵķݶ
챩ŭ֮˫ּһëʣȻë̼佫Ѫɷ顣

ŭͬëʾͻȻʧУƬֳ̺ڲڿлһڡֲ֣ʱײݼ֮ͬʱײɡ漴ëصУ£
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ۿһĺɽǻڲаܵУþҲ·ĪЦпʼ
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ĪЦвסתг֮ʣǰһ˲ŹӰ
~һ޴ıЩʧϣ
֮һʱ䣬Ϣ
ĪЦȥ亹зӿϡ
ʱв֪ʱҵ·Խִνû׼ϸɽ֣쳯Ŷ֮ȥ
ɫԽԽĪЦߵ˱֮ԴظСǰһ̧ͷԶ񷣬ͿһһŮڴսеһϮȻǱãȻĺȻųɽмƣŮ£ü续˫
˵ս˲ֻǸԷɫĹ⻪Էһȥâ䣬ڰҹɫҫ۵
ĪЦ亹ʲôǾ֮Ķ̫ԭԸֶμֱͬն
ÿһжƻأ޴ʯڳ±ɷĩкںлΪҽЩƬģδľҲһ֣㻯Ϊޡ
⣬ǿպһ᲻ôһ죬Ҳһⰿ񷣬֣ħҷ
ĪЦڸ߿дսֹĶˣҴһ£סУβסĺ档
߿ˣУսһ뽩֡Ƭ̺һҵʲôҵȣԭǸϣٻЩɻȽŮٽΪã
ߣڿ˵һƻǬӵҲŷⷨ٣ȻţȻЩα࣡
ûзϻǳëƾд¸֣бĺ⣬ͬ¾ȥ
ĪЦнϳ˶ǿϹԣЦѡѾʵֻ࣬Ů˽أ׽ӡŮӴмɣıٳÿÿǱؾᣬҲǳĺãЩʱ䣬δزȡʤ
ȻõѡߣһһˣҪɱԼܳʮǧҲӲģҪΪβ
Ҳ·ƴһĪЦеɫĽذסһδŵľϡ
һķˣȷʵһĴڣж˴սֹϾ˼ĪЦС


10 
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ëڿд䣬ٶȼӿ죬䲻͸˲¼ѪܳԶɫŮһѪҡҡλ԰մµķ򣬾ĪЦľ
Ůһȡ
ͷХѪܵ˫Ŀ£һ緢˷ޣֲ֮¼׹֮ʱ컯һɫ糯ŴŮٷȥٶ֮죬ĪЦһۻ
𣡡һг˻ę֮̈У˴ʣ⣬ݺݻڲ֮ϣ
ˣ
һ˲ͣ٣ĪЦ˻ᡣ
ڽľҪɢһɲǣĪЦ߸Ծذ׶׼һ̣

Ͳ´ῼĪЦϵв֪ƫƫԼʱ̣ķ˸ˣ
һ鷲ˣͬϣƣܴ裡
ˣ
ŭɶҪ֮ʣǱñһɻҵĲ£ʵһƹΣڡ
ݵĳţǺȻҵıըߴͦε˷鿪ĪЦǹ֮ʱǱŷ⣬˰˷
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ǷһֻҲײʮȫͷ·˴룬ĪЦѪֹ־ʼɢ
ֻص֮ϣλɫŮӣ˿ݲҰףü価ƣȻѾߡĿԶĪЦס϶ҧҧȥ
ĪЦֻˮΪΪǵŮͻȻǰһסôҲ̧
ڿţĪЦֻܿŮһް취
Ů̱ߣã૵Ϊ˿㶯˰ˣո죬һҲܵ֡һӲǷ飬ձһ
԰գŮֵĪЦ̨֮ϣһˬȻĪЦԸоĵľȼ
ȿȡŮӲסѪɫ԰׵Ŀ£ȴδſָ
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˵Ǽٵġҹϸ꾫ֲ䣬ôܲ⣡
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ﱻ˷ӡ粢֪ⳡս̫ζҪάֲסӡҲɢˡȥɱǡ
ĪЦͲðȾܣκβ֪ȥ·Ǻηֻùֵӣγô֣
һָſѹƵɹĪЦСָ֮ϡһʣò´ʧɫɫ԰˼֡
˿˿ܣôܣҵ˿ܵڣֲңġģ
Щ״Σɻ˼Ѫۿɫĺ꾫ĪЦͷƤһ飬æֿ̧СָĻʲôֻһβ͵ɫƲָ֮ϣĪЦմ˵㺹ˮһͨûƸ⣬ûá
·һĪЦʳָһʵԵıСָ֮ϡ
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ŬָԼҪҪΪҡ
˿㻹˿
ȵ˱ĲѣˮģһɷԹݡ
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һԣ־ŻָǬħŵ谭£ֻ֮ǿƿӡܳߣˣֻӳһ
ˣһһϣҲûˣ۵׺ᣬץסĪЦгڷȥ
֪˶ã½ƣҲ֧Ųסµ棬ĪЦΪ±ûܵ˺Ůӣڵɫ;ɫŮӵӰвתѴﵽޣҪԭΡ
ĪЦһ󷢸ɣĵŮ᲻Դ󷢣ˣǱԭҲӦʮǿȻıɱܷ֮ƥУ
˼䣬ͻȻһȷ磬ɢŻϢһֳ֮ࡣ
ĪЦ۾ǰһлع֮ʣǿˡ
ͻתͷ˫ųһŨĲ죬Ҳ֪ǲԸߴ²޴󰭣ǲʲô
յؼ䷢֯}˵죬ǺŹޣڶ
Ҿ֪Һķӡһס㡣
¾һʱ䣬ȻΪ侲Ķǰյĺڰ
ڰ֮УϸСһӰߴͦΣٷ磬ڹĺɫסܿǲҰȴ쳣ݵա
£һֱڵ㡣
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һ䣬Ը޸ĪЦоЩݣɲ¾ޱ飬ӻںӰ֮ת۾δգһ¡
ͻȻ˦һıһ۲ºԵĪЦ۵ɻ󣬵Ƭָֻ̺ţ̧ͷʱֻħ֮һĳţڴǻãˣ
԰Ҳ˵һ䣬Ȱʧͷ·δֹһϢ
ĪЦ˿ΪҪݵùû뵽һļһﾹǸˡһԽԽ飬ԽԽʵʻ
ĪЦ״ػһ䣺ѣΪβʩ㣿
ķֻɱˣܾˡ
ͻȻסĪЦСָɫ֮Σųһ˿ɫ˵Ұɱˣҵ˿᲻
ĪЦȻɫ䣬µ¹ȻˡŮɱģʮԼҲǶ֡
ͷ
ӲϷתĪЦȴûʲôõİ취ŮԽԽƵĿ⣬ӲͷƤڵ˵ҪʧٽɱǷܹԭȿȣǸ
±Ѿϵ΢΢һ٣漴ɫ÷ϣϵ͸ڣͦ˰쾹ȻҲʻ㷴޺޵ĸһƣǺȻɸαǻ޳ܣ
СˣϲܸαӱȣӴˡĪЦ౻һƤЦ¸һƣͶɱ˼ƣֵ
¿˿ǰ˲õЦֿСָϵ˿ƣһŻѪάõαƹѸٱ˵ɫ˸ߵĺһڣƬ̺󣬾ȻСĪЦһʧ


11 
ȻŮͻȻСɣĪЦûнͰ־裬״ĵôͻȻ⸱ģ԰ģֱ˵ͿҲǣ
С³ĬһȻСһ۴·ίƴߣȺɰĻˣΪһһˣﲻʲôҪָʵǵɣ˼ô٣Ұ~~ءһ㷨ҲûˣһҲң㻹ˣûӻȥˣҿҿޣҿ޿޿ޡ
꾫Ⱥת̫ĪЦʺţһʱ
۲һ󣬷С˿вӺЩЦáոԼһƣ˶Ū˼
ԭ󾫣ԺҽСôĪЦɫβͣ۲ŴŮ
~~쵰࣬ȻңҾͲþ㣬𣡡СӵĲƺҲС࣬쾹ȻǸͯ졣
ĪЦʵΣֻǳ̽ǴŮƭȻᷢ쭣ʱװɵԱģǲȻͳײõսľˡ
һ֮£ŮȻ˵ǰв
״СССССĲ£ԲСƤ򣬱֮ոӰи߰ĵɫ֪ɰٱĪЦ׳ŵӽУҲСһҽУ󲽳ȥ
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ͬ΢΢̧ͷ³֣Ī---¡
ŴħЦҵʲô벻ǬΪӡԭΪǹʷգģҲϺΪУҪץסߵСӣ㣬ҲǺһ~ϵܣ
Сµ˿ָС
ʲôŴħʧɫ˺üɫŹֵ뵭ģû뵽Ѿ벽ɣ˿Ǵ¡ǲкȻɸĲⲻ֪СӣϸôͷһƬ
뾹Ȼͷþúþã̾ҵȣ
ҵȣǿ
֮֮УŴħΪ֮ݣ̵۾룬ҡͷ˵ҵСǸֵĸˣһֱβ治Ҷ֣ǡħŵ׷ɱۣȴʧȥʱɷģֻСһ˲Ȥʳԣ֮£
˶ĵĳŴħŲ¶˵ķȥ벢û
һ·ǿ񣿡
䣬ӰʧڿУ·δֹ
ĪЦν⣬һ·СϺߴߴסţҲûܽ⡣ɱһˣһ꾫ڷı£ĪЦ䵭˶ǲס
ǻԵǿ֮·Ŀˡ룬ĪЦˬָУСϺԴϵһ
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ҧгݣס쵰ࡱ֮ĪЦһüŲһССССβͣɫСӣҿ˵òҪҡҲָһһϦ˹أ̥֡
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СϺĪЦţһһλСӰڡˮίÿɰСצĨ۾ʮԻĿֹȴҲٿģϧȴδĪЦݰ֡
ĽĪЦ󲽿
ܼҼСүˣϽǰץ½Сү㵽ȥˣƽհرʮֶҲټүΪܵ糯֮ŭϣĽݲ󽫾ԶѴ˻ʹܰѾҩˣҲҿʦෳšСү˿㣬µջȥѵɲү嶯
ĪЦͻиְб٣ֻԺ󣬸٣Ƶ֮£˽Բɱ.֮Ķ֣ǵڶΡʧ١ֻһλʱձĶࡣ
ߣ͢ܣǾ֮ҵó嶯ĺã
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д˵Ͳģ浱СӹҼң
ĪЦкЦǹܼңĵѹֱ͢ʺޣȨƵ˽ף汲Ҳֵཻܡ֣֮ڣҿνΪƸ꣬ƫƫΪ˿£Ĺ֮УĹ̽粻֪һ㽻ʡвˣҪǲ¼ɣ֣Ϲۡ
ǶʺޣҲǹͷݵ˼ƣĪЦ֣ҾͲˬ
Сү֣֮һ˵֣λ˱ӻΪʿ⼸ֻڹͷʱ֣ά֣ȨүȥˣǧҲһ
ʲôû˭ĪЦ˽֮⴫˵ģ³ֻһ
𣬳ٵ֮ϣһüĿڽ˶֮ϣŻʹ񱼶ȥյıüƣ֮ɫ˫ͬǳ
ꡱĪЦ
˻ˮԸۏģǾôֲܣҸɲɣҲοΪϵ̤ţжĪЦȻֺڣȴ֪֮ˡ
Сӣɻʲô
ֱŭĪЦüָ뻳УѸٰһСβëп֮Ƭ̺󣬲Ŵ²鲻Ը죺ˣ˵ˣߣǲ֪ʵΡ
ߺ˲һ𣿡
ȻһҲǷ֮ϵɽеģʵﵽһռĶ壬ſ̤ˣǬԼ£ɽ硢ħ硢ս硢䡢ȶԽޣΥ߱Ҫ֮˵˴ܼʹ࣬סҧгݣǬ֮ãһ죬һҷ𣡡
ĪЦ˼һ󣬵Ҳ˵ɣһ磬ſ̤һƬأڷķһ߶Բԣ
ǼǼҲһȰ벽ɵǿߣҲƷӡ˷䣿ڷ伸޵Уֻʵǿ˷֮Ҫǵߣϣˡ
ĪЦüͷ˼


12 
~~һýӰǰĪЦһգ̹˻
˹¶ʩһ񣬷ŵСүǹ̽ϢҡĽݼҡԼҵĴڻʹʧȥ
˵ʮ֮ôƾʧĪЦа̾ԭмֽңڿǻʿĴڡߴڣͲ˾ʧԭ
СүȻүСΪҵӦȻ˵Բߣٽү٣
ĪЦӱ޸ʹʵֻȥ֮ԼڵϢȰջش͡˶ʧˣͨҲʧȥ塣õķȻǸϽϳı󶯡ϾһɽǻʿҲȻżֱ档
ĪЦܾҲΪɽšľˣѵ˰װ
ʮȻ͵
ʮССүӲ뿪ʮ֮ңҪлСүȥӵľٶ
뿪˭Ҳҡ
ĪЦɫ䣬һ˿ĵͷ˸εʷЦö֮˵Ӳ뿪ʮ֮ңȶ⡣һСӣʲôʱʵ֣֮ܽڶպڼҸֶ˦
վ룬Сүֻ֣иˡ
ʮӰ԰ȥûͣĪЦŴ˴˸棬ŷǰС
˯ۣë׵СԴ̽ĪЦ½󣬼ܲԴϡ۵ٶȺܿ죬ĴЩߣ֮£ֻСצĪЦͷ
СӣҺ֣ΪȫʧҲû⣬ΪʲôҪһֱң۸ֻΪ˿
ĪЦҲоӣʶ١
ҹ٣³İ¹âѸһһ°ݵĵĪЦϣлһˬĺߺ
ûлش⣬ĪЦҲûǿ󣬿ڵء˶ƺҲϹڵϣһͽ硣
ĪЦ߽һϪУӿֳʣϸϴɾֱϹʧŴϪ߳»סĵطˬʪĵطȣֱ֮
ĪЦѾֲ֣׹ϪвڵСץڼϣһˮסŻӣݸһЦСӣߣǲΪ·
ѽô֪С»һæסС죬תѣֻǵӳȥᱻ˳ԣ㲻Ժ⣬Ҹ㡣
ô֪ҲԺ⣿С红ͯһ㶼졣ĪЦǹ⹴һ˿̵ЦС£Ӱڰذڶһַֻһͺëβϣ˸ëơ
СһҽУˣ۴ޣҪˣٰξͺˡء˵ʵ·Ǹƺӡˣֻ͸֮һͨÿҹȡ֮ʱע£ҲͬʱңһɻôģңҡͿԽȡˡ
·档ĪЦʵ֪·
СҡҡСԴˮʪĪЦ·ӡ̫ǿˣ˵ǴͨҶδҪ֪ҿǰ벽ɵǿ~~ߺߣߺߣǵ֪ҾԼˡ
һ˵ΪСӲĪЦĶ䣬СҽУһСë׹ء
˵ߣǱ̬ǿߣҪ°ǲ֪ͨҼ˱ˡĪЦоâ˸Ѿ֪ûɻͲУżõ¾ȻԲΣνǹһ
ֻҪţɾһǿߣбıǮʱմ»صִҲ⡣
ĪԽ̫ҪȥľŹҡִҲ¡жѣȥɡ
ĪЦĳȣҲһ˿ѵõɫ
һˣұȥȻУʱȥΪ
ߣȻкΪֻǷ϶ѣ֮ϵĺȻɸǺȻŵӽ֮أɱ˺Ȼɸ죬ȴҪͶȻ£㲻гһհ¶£ǵųն
ִ⽫й¶ҲھȡĪЦɫŲ˿͸˿뷨ƫƫƽ͵ݾ˺С»һ£ϾָʵһһϦɱ練ơ
Ǹ˭˭˭һºòã
ĪЦ΢΢üСҡͷԵҿȥȻУҶǿߵط࣬ԿǧΪһ̳ǣҪҴߣңչңǲǺܻ㰡
Сһֺģ˵Ļѧ˽ģС۾ģ·˵㻹Ӧ
ĪЦƽ϶ʱӿ˺⣬ЦߣȻ֮ܳΪɣԭ֮һдڣҪȥȻţָʵһĻָһҪɱĿ¾ңҽ̸ףԶǧƾϢܲһУЩ߲ǰ׳գûһ˲Ĵڣٰ¶ҪһȡʱȻŶ֪ɱ죬˺Ĺ󣬶㣬ǵܳΪĸߵɳ裬ָʵҲָտɴͻɢߣ⣬ػģ⼸Ǵش
ĪЦͻȻѣ˿ûϧ˼סӱҪ
СŰˣæֹңңҡȷʵȻУûк˼ȿȿȡ⼸ջָѾʩչеɲ˲ҵϢȿȿȡҲҪչұˣʹ߾У˲赹ˮϴΪūΪ澣ţȿȡҪǻţأһҰɣȿȿȡ
ۿСֻʣ°ĪЦʱֹͣ˶ҲЦ⣬ȻΪ⡣ȻǿΪԲС꣬ɾڣ˱൱ߴһλָеİٿȫ飬֮·ϣΪ˳̹
Ϊ˱ʾҺĳ⣬ǷӦýڸң
ȫʢʱĲ£һǣ۲䡣ôǿĸ֣Ҳ̰޹ɱСĲ£Ҳͣ׺׶ΣжĪЦĿ־£Ҳδ룬ͰѲ⴫ĺط̸ĪЦ


13 
ǺطбȽϼ򵥵һһǧĺѧᡣĪЦǺ꣬ҲûаΪȴõ˲µ˿̺Ҳ쳣˳
ҹϢԼ߾ĪЦڸоĿһ˿ֵĲĵУһӣԴھֹо·أ˴ȻһԱޱ߲׺һˮƺһ˿硣
ȻĸоȫԺΪɷָһ֣۾ʱ˿̣оͬڡ⾳
ĪЦ֪ǣУȻ˲еĵڶؾ硣һҹӵ԰ɱԵУмô
С¡ᡱܵĪЦԴϣ൱ŵͷڰСצ
ѧֻһѧˣ治ɵӡЩԣȻɴؼ~~
ոջӳСԴһȵһ˹ӡ˿̼Լѧ˷סڿ࣬ܡëݲСմˡ
ĪЦãҲûƽϣֻԭ֮ǽȻããصԪУֻҪ˻ܸܺоǱضΪ˻ʧȥҵϢΪҲ
С·ͷСȣΣ漴һ˵һ룬ܺĶƩлרſһ֮ҲһЩǿߣսܣӵǿᷨںеȼߣסǵġڷ䣬ȷʵûбõ֮
Ǿ㹻ˡѧϰһźĪЦԾһ̤ţʽʼ֮·˿ļܵظҴһ
ҹϢʳǡ
ף㲻Ҫ𣿡
ȥΣҾ޹ʧ٣ҾͲŲ֪Էʵܾȳ壬ҶҪȥʹһ̽вʩչߡңʵĽ
Сһ£Сצס۾һСţһҪҡļƣĪЦһ
ϡһƬžĪЦȴշתߡ
ҡĽݼҡԼã֣ʵұҳǮĽݼҳǣԼҳ´µĽɽ֮󣬻һҶ󣬲Ȩ㳯ҰҪȨҲпԭǻʵۣɱˣѸ£⼸ңö֮ûռȨơƸһʾʴȣɱҴȥû췴ʹһʮƾʧʿԶ棬֣֮ڣ˭⣿
ɱ䲢õľֻжʩߴĪЦ֪СʵǲǸ߾ȫԲܾ壬ҲҪǻʿǺεȷɡ
ϰúڻʳ֮ڣҲŴݶˣûй㲻ǰĵ
в˼ĪЦ⿴һſ˯СĵɫС꣬ὫģһƬ˶ҶϣСһƺĺߺ˼̶Сצץץǿף˸绨ı׼ƺٶ
ĪЦ֮սȻɸǿߵľɫŮ£ֺСһﻭϵȺš
ߣֻһʱû뵽ȴջķᡣľϲִ̫̫࣬޵еĳʵУѾû
ɳɵλ۷壬عִҡ·ƺ޳ûоͷĪЦ֪Լߵһһ˿ϣ㲻Է
¹ˮͬ˯˵һһϣĺг
֣عУͬ㾲ߣͬһʱ۾˫Ŀ֮УŲƽͣƺδ˸еĥĿҰ˵Ĵϣ貵ǳԲ֮ԣյĵعֻ˫۾ľѣ磡
һˡһ̾쳣˸е£Ũҵıɫ˲ϵתҲһȻ֮ɫ
֮ʣ㵽֮ػд١һӡ塢ħӡҲʼ󣬴ٽ٣֮ԼҲѾ֡ĺ֮֮ãβȥ
ʦ֡ˣֻһӣ˼õβ㻯һ
Ǳʦ֡߱ĿĬһ۾૵Ѿˡ
˵֮ǰɱ飬ĪЦһ·ͨ裬ʳ֮⡣Ϣ˻ʳһļͬȰСϣʹвûӦǻŻʿ֮˾֮⡣
СӣһΣգร
ĪЦĮ˵һ䣬ڰСУոСС꣬ǵĺ˯ֵСӹһ㽫СԴܳĪЦ½
ĪЦûκΣվĺް취Сһͣȥ
ҹƺЩ쳣Щ񱩷ǰĪЦожض⾲׵ҹɫŲ
֣ȻĹĴڣʹǽ൱ԻͺĪЦһѲߵһ濱ΣŰһ·
ڵҹɫǳңԶʣһƺҪϸ߿գ˼žʱ̣֮Уȴһ˺ѷεŭ
ΣΪô࣬ȻȲǸµĲӣԭΪˣͻһ𣬿ֺܹܵɼ飬֪˶˵ʲô˵ɩʮգ㣬㾹ݸϲĵ׶ŲʣŮˣŮ˵ûģ
òͨһƳۣü֮ŭ֮£ͲʮֳɫòŤ쳣̶á
ŭ֮һ΢ĳĬ˫շ·һ֮ȥĿɬ֮
СϵĶǲǲµģ
ôͲ͸˵ķǲŪģݣ֪֪ʮ죬߶ٱ飿ٶʮ飡òһȲϲŻ֮ˣҿʫʮأϲ֮ˣһֱ㣻ϲֱרһ֮ˣˮǧȡһưϲ嵭һʳҲϧؽϲ꣬䱦㣬Ϊʲôۿһ£Ѿʵ۵ϣþʽȡ㣬ΪʲôΪʲôң
Сݣ̾һᣬԼЩ
֮쳤ЦЦ᣺ңңǳ̱Ѿʤȴǲɱݱұ̫ܣ޴ֻ֣ô׹߼ɼҶҩһµϣֻϧʵӲ˾綾㲻Ϊ㣬ҲһԸңǸʵԸΪлرԭһֱףһʼǿҪ㣬ôۣ
תνһ͵˺󼸲
Ҫʲô
һЦȫ޸ոģͬ˰Ρǧһ֮ʣϢİһӰͬѸװܵӱһֵ㽫Ρ
ͬͰݵڲζȴκζ黰ٱ
ɩģ
η·𲻿Ű۾ϲ˻У£СݣСݡ


14 
ĪЦɫˮҪ֪ʹ쳣գ˿̻һƿҲ˵ܲҵ䣬ܷӳʹǸ⡣
ƺûɫץס˾ݰ
֪Ҫ֣߽飬ҵ˵ջس㲻ҪҪҵһΪҲˣһΪ㱻֣סһΪ
߶߶һδļƣձˮĪЦɫֱ䣬Ѿﵽ㡣
һ·򱱣ƹڣһ·ǰһϣﰵ뵽˴ضΪҪʩչðһ̽û룬˴ѹû٣˲Ρ
ĪЦͲףСʵۿ˴Ůһ㣿֣ңҪʲôŮûУƫƫ̰ô鷳ЦСʵۻһŭΪգǧټҪõŮ治
ĪЦҡҡͷ׿ߵԲƵڵϵĻʵۡݽڽʱڴ֮ϼʵһ棬ӡ󲢲̡
֣ͣ
šε˵ͷȻֻһӣˣλҲֲ
ĪЦ̽һƽ֣ѣذϼ֮ϣͻشҵ⡣
֣һĪЦŭŵ㣬㡭ݣ
ĪЦָһİƣذױƽӰ磬ѪʱȾ˵Уҵںδʿǲˣ
֣͵Ǿܹ֮裬ŲӴ󺰽ˡ⻤ѱĪЦ֣ͽ˰ζ˻Ӧӿ־֮ɫ
ĪЦһƣδĸأ֣Ͳ԰׵ϵʱֳһǺӡݶ伸š
Ļɱˣ˴ˣشҵ⡣ĪЦɫƽϲƫƫֶ֮ϣ˺γԾĿ죬ȴû˵
㣡ݣҪޣˣǣǶҪᣡӲʹģޣ޻ȫʬ
ȻϿ֣ȴĪЦмЦɩ´Һö󣬴ɫȴϹӣض飬ܡ
˵ɫѿƴҡͷ
ĪЦ䣬ĿĶŲΣʧʮ죬һ˽ʹѵûĴ㣿ҿɲôɩ֮ˣ˼Ļֻ̥֣͡Ǻ֣ݶôҪԸԼҲҪ
νһ¡ȷʵѾĴǰ֪ҵľŶҶչˣݶ飬βҲԸܴǣһˣȵңԸˡ
¶ĵˣȴҲݡңδȥҴĵǸϦ飬뷽跨ҪӦ飬̶ʳǣΣȴǺˡ
ûкԲԣ֪㵣ңϧȣԲСݣҲţԺʲôģҪòãֻ£ֻ¡
ĪЦȸ֪ڴˣ̸Ϊգ˿Ů滨꣬жĪЦǲٶ͡
ذвȣ֣ͱѶɸǰ˾ֹǣŭգ˼ֵɫɤӺݣɩúɱң޿׳һ仰ݣҪҶӾΪ֮ᣡ
ԭС֣ͣ˿ȴԵڣһ۲ģ
ĪЦüͷ塣֣ȥ˵ϢŻȴӱ䣺ϻشҵ⣬ұ㲻㲻ϻشұȥ֫õҽʦŽӣƳ飬հ
һ֣ͣǲζͷƤ飬֪α顣
ݣԶĶţ˶뷨ոռ֮£βδϸ룬ӹǣôʹĺ
ͷ·𣬻˸һ
üͷϤİӿƽϢ


15 
ʱĪЦɫˮһϢ֣ͣеѱĥ
ǲ̫ܴ̼˴ˣֻ֣޿֣ĪЦĥûܴ˳Ϣ
֣;֮ˣΪȻŸ壬ĪЦսذףԡ
Ĳشҵ⣿
޾Ҳ
ȥɣĪЦͻȻѣذ״£ƺһ̾Ҫû֣ķͻȻ䣬شһּ΢ľУ͢еⶼֹͣ˸
ĪЦذͻȻй֣ķһĵطۼĪЦһδǴ˵еĻʿˡ
ϢͦεӰƾճ֣ǿѹϮĪЦͷ˫۾ǿ̣·ضʧȥɫĪЦɽХ֮Ҳͣ˼ġ־ѹȵɽĻҪǿ
ˣȲº컹Ҫǲ֪ʲô硣ĪЦ˼ճԱߵĲȻ࣬ؿڣɫ԰ףǱߵС£ĪЦɪɪ
ĪЦվž޴ѹֱͦ׵ݣݼλǰ
ϸִЦݣһۣͬʱΣ
һ䣬ЦΪ׵ף޶˿ǣһӻʹ˵ȵʶֶΣպΪ
΢ɻܵסҵѹк󣡡
ηףж֮硣ϲϲ
ҵȼõҪΪͽϤĽ̵Ҳ㻹֮
Ե֣ڤڤѶҵȲö֮ӹӹµµλʦΣ
ѣضԵ֮ˡ˺ʩչ֮һǰΣ

ѹɢȥһһ۵Ȼ죬Ȼڵϴȵ֣͡ĪЦƺЩԨԴԶ׳ŵʵλǰҸˣںδ
ֹۣͣĿһĪЦû˿⣬ŨŨСΪߵ㸸֮ڣǣɷġ֣ЭҪ֣ʵ
ѽ˷ϵλǰǷҲݣ
ҡͷЦ޷޷ֻܴǣ֣ע˲Υ⡣οҵж˶ϲ˺֮ӡ
ĪЦд󶨣Ҳ¶ϲɫΪʿǱֻ֣֮˷ŹԼû뵽λ˾ݣ֣͡
ۿʿеգ֣Ҳ֪ǰλڣ֣ҶһմҷңǿҪΪ
֣ҵȱӻٻһߵͷˡɫ䵭̾Ϣ
Ȼ֣ӻĻ壬ɴ޲޵£ɻ죬ǶȻܸ˺Ტ۵ġûʵۣӵڸ֣ȴɫ֮һ֣ӣ˳룬ֱоݣТϣһǵΪȸɩӣҶ̶Ѩж˵緶ˣƫ˭Զ
ĪЦۼɫǲãһŽ֣ߵЦǰڻµĸ¡һлδ˵Ϊⷲ£д֣ҶӦãʲôʸԴ֮涪֣棬ػ֣Ѫٷϻûλˣھȡ㹷
ĪЦ˵ȻһһɣƵҲɫͻνǧ򴩣ƨɣҲס
ĪЦɱԣ֣ľѼʶֶΣʿֹͼ˵ĿУ֮⣬֣ͱ޴˿Ҳ֪ȥʶȤı졣
ĪЦֶ˵ݹ빬ΪѰλǰȻȴԨԴɷŹҸˣ
Ȼ岻ϷȰ棬һȡ֣׼Ϸί˶֮󡭡Ϊ߿Ĭ½޷ԶɲǼ䣬ǿȺѹǵѹٶӿĪЦؿڣһ룬ѹлȥУƾճˣ塢ĽݲͲԶ
һĻշǿĲ£ҲҽУգգգֻ˿ԶգǾȻˣ˼꣬ôܣôܣ
ಣһ͵С°УΪС
ɫ֮ããأǧأе߿һ֮ѹ䣬ֺۣ


16 
ΪߴĿЩâŵС»ëˮӯӯСԴҡ˲˹ģ˿ģδ˿ߵĿԽ
ĪЦȻ֪ǿȴû̽ĳ˿һƣЩ
ۣۣеԼŮգȻѹƣѱһѪͳͻȻָʵ֮ǵһùĲԼ
նȻȻйԼȻףպȥȻУҵЩסŮķӡĪЦ˼֮䣬ԼҶӣʵݶԵڴ˴ʦӦң˸òΪǣ˽⵽ô£
ڵʺţĪЦǼΪĵĽ𣺡뵣ģλѷǵУ汲ЩԨԴҹ֮ʱ֪ʣǰȰձ;е֪һϦ֮ټȫޣĽ̽ڴɩ
ĪЦһ£ɫҰף¶֮ɫ컰һתָŵϴ͵֣ͣŭ˿Ӵɩɫò˻֮ǲ°ߴɩôɩ˷ûеóѣգ֣;Ȼ밵ҩײλʴȣɥ֮ݾͱѪ岽նл
ĪЦ˵ͷͷǵԴǣ˽¶Ź֣֪Ĳζ֣в¶ж֮ɫһˣһŮӱľʹݴΪʵڱ
ԶŮڵõ϶󣬿ĪЦĿʱࡣĽݲΪɣȴжʱδӣӡ磬ֻµĲӣƺǰ˫ȫһǵϱߣ˫۲ɨĪЦƺϿʲôߡ
ܾĻ塣ԼСӹѰǱʹȴɩ˵ʵ۴ҡ⣬ΪĴӶһӶ
˸˼֮ʣΪͻȻĪЦ֣СӣӺεɴ飬ȴһ˿ԵļС
ĪЦһųĲ£аתǧ˼߶ԲȻȤոէ֮ʱֶľ⣬˿δΡ
߿ѷǵУΪ¶ǳ֣ҲǴпܣϾеһͷ²ԼݣȻ߲ϤйڡĪЦ;һƬãȻٿưһᣬоϡ
ĪЦͻȻڻʿǰϹϾɫϿҵ˺żȻ֮ʷ䣬нɫȱҸ߿գ˺ƾճ֣Ϊȣһʿ˺ǧһ֮ʣʴһŮӻ죬ĪŮʿһʣȥϰ;ɢ漴ŮɫȻȺ˫˺֮Ϊȣ
Щ٣һʱ˲ߡĪЦһϯȻɫ󾪡
죬졣Һˣֱ
Ϊ߸Ǵæֱÿһλݺյǿߡ˺ӽɫȱڶ²ǳľֵأŮױնɱֱȻһеǿߡҵչض֮꣬ҲªšľֵطӡδƣܳȥѵһȻƷ⣬ֽƽ٣СӣŮ˵ЩʲôûУ
ĪЦɬһЦʱѾͣҲδ˵ʲôֻǵŮ˵ʲô⡯˿һѡ֮࣬㽫˺ұܣǴ˺кʧǬӡҲҪ·ҽɱ
ΪסĪЦ˫֣Сָ֮ǷϹβƣ֮࣬ҲĪЦ֮Զ˼֡
˿˿ֻа벽ɵǿ߲ŻеĴ٣ĪǴ˺ǰɱˣ䵽˵ز𣿴˺ǿˣĸףĪˣ
ΪĪЦȴûٽӻ֪ԾڴǡôԼɴƭɻȥԸ⼸ɵСһȻ˼ãΪ߽СͻĪЦУɫָֻķƵ
Ȼ˺ԵҲ⣬Ϸ˲Ϊ֣ػҵѾĺ֣꣬ͲҵȾسŵ಻Ϊ㡣ݣ֪汲֮У֮ˣ
ĪЦͷ壬˫ޣ˳ɣǿš
ƺ뼫ʹУԭޱϲɫҲһ˸У壬ȷʵһš֮У˭˲֪˭˲ֻҼһļūܶΪ֮ͣ࣬ǧ̤ɰ࣡˶ҵһϧԶ֮ɻ֮ˣһֱ޷ֱ㡣
˽վҪȥʣɵ̫ã˵ÿһ仰㶼ҪΣ
ɻȴǺγɣպ֮;·쳣Ǽᶨ߲Ϊ֮ҹӦĸ֮ձߴ·Ȼթȴֺ֮·ͬǿʳ磬ҪٵǸǿߣСԣֻ߻ҷһ;ЩӸ߾Ŀ֮Ϊֻ踺أĺܳɾ۷壡ǲи֮ʣǲɴ֮ģ
֣汲Զжػ֣ס֣ʵꡣѵҵҲ㹦ԲһǱ⿪ӡɾ֣֮ʹٻ֮Ȼҵһȥݶ㸸׼̳еλҲ˻һ顣
ȻǷѣһԵ࣬úðաΪҵȵĹ̤ԪӤ֮Умǣмǣ
һ͵ĹâĪЦ̨ɲǼ䣬зǰ˾顢һЩħĹ칦ҲĪЦǰ
֮һַųһĪЦ̨˫ޣͼ֣Ϸļ߻ħֽ˹ӡ̨̤ԪӤ֮󣬿гƷӡڴ֮ǰ㰲뷲Уɱ¶˹˿飡
԰գͬʱ֣޴ռ䣬һƬ貵Ĺ⻪Χ˸תĿռƺһѷ죬ѷֱ
ض𵴣Ͳ͵ĻĪЦǰһʱʯ䣬ĴɽֻһĪЦϣһɷ֮
Ƭ̲Ǳ˺ѣһһһ룬ֱ൹ȥ֮ϣһĹ⻪أϡ˵Ŀռѷںϣŷҫ۵Ľɫâ
ݶ


17 
ĪЦһ¶ˣһҧŽⱼ˹ȥ
ɫâĪЦ֮ϵʱ˷·ů֣塢꣬ƮƮɣʵĸо˳У޷԰ΡԽԽʢ¶֮ɫë׶Ѫ
ĪЦһ֮£ﲻΪ˸ԼʱǣࣿҲӿһ˿жϵĹǰһݣλгɣض̤ɽ磬֮
ͬʱ۾ƣжһֺˬȻЦҵ縡ƶǶһҲֻǼū꣬꣬ҵڻ˴ݶˣֻҪǵãгһҲɰ࣬ɾȺ֮ϣһҪ֮ǰ䣡գ
䣬ĪЦͱһͳ˽⣬ˣҲٷʣƣӰɲǼǻˣȥ԰׵ķ˿ͺ룬Ϊòһ㣬ȴ쳣ӣ
Ƿ˳ɣӰѾԶȥɫâҲջʣĪЦɴעӲ񷣬оþòƽ
˵׻׻̵ڶѤɵƬλ·ǰһ죬˷˳ɵ׳٣ҲµһҲľ
ĪЦӿɺ飬ģҪ̤ɰ࣬Ҳλһɾǿߡ
ĪЦٶȳݣǶǿߵľηء˼ˣҲͬݡ
ĪЦŷ࣬ͷһԭСС£ȻȦèСĵɫƤëɢõ㣬ȻԾǺȴͬո꾻ӣ͸һʥϢ
ĪЦƬ̴Уɫɢе˫õĹâſң
źֶһ£ĪЦʶԼһСľ˴˺Σæε֡ĪЦ½˶ǵؿĪЦĵȫֱУڴһ΢С
ĪЦһüңŵĶʱɳûԼ㣬Ϊָʵ϶㵭ʵǣ֮ʱйĴǵĪЦ̥ǣô˺ռıˣ
ǲҪζԸԼָӦԲܱĪЦһͷ󣬽ͷö֮ʣݶ֣ˣ
ĪЦתͷʯ֮еĻӣֻ¶ֵݣȫҵѪģҲ̶ãոʯ֮ʣȻ֣Լһѣκλûߵͱʯѹ档ע֣ͻʳԽŵáһסĪЦ󱳣ȻȻľٶڳλüͷ
α̫ǰ֮ϣŮÿһβĴĪЦͷƤ飬ڡ
ȿȡڳĪЦҲΪѲΣֻøɿλȥ֣Ͻɽ֣һж⽭ɽ˭λã
΢ྲСüĽݲ벻ԶԶҲ֪ڿЩʲô
ĪЦһƬȻ¹ȻûβƵ飬ã֣ɽʱ˭һȻλָҪӹ֣ǰҪѣҲһֶοԶԸġͬҪλҲҪʣ֮˵ļҡǰϵĻλƺߣȴͬͷ˭˭ù
һӣ˭ҲƵ֮£ȴȫۼĪЦϡ
ݶΪ֮ҲĽݲӡҵȫһ֮λѾ˵λӦҡȻҪ׳ƳδҺϷһƣҲ϶νжӦȫ֣ʱƣݶŹ£ףһͨ
Ľݲ˵һѣǲصϿƣĪЦʹʹɫ޻ӣֻõĽϵܺβлֱ˵ʵ۽ԿɣֻҪҲ˸ã縡ƣ⣬⣡
ĽݲͲԶнһģһ˱˻Եƥ
ԶЩڵһ۲Σζع֮꣬ʵڲҼڻһϯѸֳɺͳ
αǴϻ֮ˣ˿̵ʹϼ˫գͻȻʹסĪЦ֣оӿһ˿ɬ֮⡣ĪЦĿʵû⣬ֻõɴͻ
ĽݲϹװƺ«߷Ȼһҧݶ֮ѷǳ֮ⷲٻȻãϼףм϶Ȼɻ⡣ҹֶŮͶϣɲŮòһԣҵֶŮõ죬ֶӦٳ˲ûԲֶŮ֮Ҳݶ㡭ȿȡĽݲۼĪЦԽԽ䣬·ٶһ䣬ɱʱɿס˿ڣֻһ˫ۻԶ˲סʹɫȻĲ
Զɤ𣬴Ų๵ϣŮԼ𣬱СԲϣڡƵλСѵȢŮ𣿵ʱĽŮͬǺλȴϷһ׮ĲСӵѲɵ֮˸֮Զ𣿣
Զѣȴû㣬պҲĪʱҲֻųϣ˵һЩûŵĻһüң壬ʾܽԼĶӡ
ݶտͷͱĪЦϣһڷͽա֮ᣬɩװף޶Ů˽飡
ĵСƽռΪسĽһ̬ԶײĽݲͲԶһӿһҲǲ԰ޱȡˣϵ֮ݲȢ˺ң죡
ĪЦžһģСȢҲȢȢҲȢ屾ǻʵ۵ӣ֮һʱŵõߣ֮䣬ֻڴ֣һʵۣã£Ϻ㴳ݶС£ܿҶϺ֮
һ˵ĿģݺᣬĪЦԭأ˶ɵˡ
ˣһ˼Ȼͬʱ뵽һӡˮ̳еλȢɩΪޣĽ̺ͲεĺӼλһʵ⣬бϣȻм϶ӭж⣡
ѹǲԶһ˵䶼Щ˸ͨ죬һŤ̬֮Ů
ĪЦŮӣŮ˳ɻ飬һοˣ
ɩ飬볣㣣ֲ֮ˣλջس
ԶüߺȵվͳƵ۵ǻҿĸ۵ĸɩ
е֮ɫĪЦһʱԶԣòƽ첻ӣʹˡ


18 
ϲȾ£ĪЦһЦλһԡλԸڴɩȻλдԸȴ֮պ󶨻úչ֮ʱһʱһձػɰ࣬ҫ档Ƿ̶࣬زһ档һ˽ɻͬɾ֮Զ֮ȨΣ
Ĺ֮ڣĸߣǶǱĿ֣ȨȻĴҲκβùڼӵܵС塣ҽԳһλӵܣ֣ɽؽΪι̣ҡĽݼҡԼҲνҫ塣ôĺôıȻ
ǲܱ⣡ͬʱһ̾ĽݲԶɵɨ˼Ȧݣ˰չȵһç೤ҵ֮Ůɻ֮½Կǲ֪ɻε֮
оâһ֮ɫĪЦҪͣλá
δ˵ֱף˽һЦֹ˰죬ڽƵ۵¶ֶβ䣬Ųģɶƴ֣
ԶһĪЦ۱ų⣺ղײգҵڻʹ򵥳ﱸһֶ¾СŮɷ񣿡
ĪЦͷ۵ĸ˸ǻ취ȥ˵ɡ
䣬ԶɱƮ˶ʡԶһЦҴѾ˷Żػʹվǹ֣Ͻɽ֮ʱ
֣һɢҴ񣬹Զϵҹ֣һλ£˻ʳ£Ľ̺½Ƽ½ϲʳǣ̫Ӵ飬Ѹ¡
һȽںĪЦͬľżã㱻ϻһԡ
Ľݲȿڵݶ̳꣬ɻȴ£һҪȿֶŮֻˣϾңҡ
ԶһըëסĪЦ˵һͬʣλޣСȢռıˣҺ˱ˣϷһ˺㣡
ĪЦæǣ߸շſ֣ݶ˵ɻ֮ŮŬʮ˸Ҳ𣬷Ժ;ĳɰǧҲ⡭
嵱ŮһӾͿӶˣҲǸŮӣϲܷ˼Ҿ硣
ĪЦֻͷƤ飬ݽӲ֪λӦ
˵֮ʣĽݲѾͲԶϻҪŮɻȨȫûһʹ󽫾ķ緶ֱͷø죬
ĪЦͷסǿҵķ֮⣬տʼұ˶ɻͬʱУ
˹ȻܣĿģͬʱУ
֮УԡͰĪҪ˴żɡ
ŹؽĪЦһķȽͷöٱ˷ţҲ
ĪЦгһձȢޣһȢεȻƣǻҪҽȻУ޲˴
ֻҪţұɲ죬ٲܷţͼգԵ
ԡͰѾãĪЦӲͷƤȥϲԶŮ·ԡͰ
Ůԣһ·쵽˶ֽ½ǣȴҲûһĪЦĺľҲܶŮ룬ֵĽ̺ԣĽӽԡͰ֮С
Ұν΢ǵ쳣ע£⿪ȹ


19 
ϡҴ⡣
ҹʱ̻һʱ䣬ĪЦɨ˼ȦΣŮãˣմˮΣ·ˮ֮񣬱࣬ɫɲ͡
ͬΪŮӣĪЦûŴ󷧸Ľ̬࿴˼ۡаԱȣѾѵһĺģξǱ໹ҪڣϧǱϸ޸
βϰֱ׵עӣȴҲûȥڵɢ㷢ɢǰ˿䣬ˮڰ֣֮
ð죬εպĲٺ죬̲סԡͰأؼ֮ڼ֡
㲻
ϸӬĪЦǵһʱü΢΢һŮ˹ֵСݴҹԡẦߣṦҲܶ񡭡㲻ȥ
ĪЦһȻԸ·ˡסݵĸĸסʹӣݳϦദĲΣס
ôֻ࣬ΪţһţŮƻΪֵ
˼ˣĪЦŻκγԣݾڴ˴˼١ʱͬգҽо˻ԵɻѾϵ;ԲǰǰǰΪۣÿ֮ʫ飬ȴš񰵶ѳôչͼǰˣдǰе£˼һ⡣βΪҿģ
һΡĲЩʧ𼸷΢ǸоëܿҲʧϸϸƷ˵Ļüë΢΢
⻰ƺޣݳϦദĸҪ˽䣬˵Ļ
СݣǸŮӣνĴǲ˵㶼ޣɾһչͼˡǷԴĸ׵븸׵ӳ
һ϶˺ŮӣԵλУʵۻӵ
ڻʹ֮ڣжʤУһʱͷɵĶ࣬Ǹܸɵó¡
˼䣬˫ֱסһ˫ǹ˫۾밮һϤݡ
֪ҳףѹǰΣӦˡֻҪţ˺޼ɿԸһ˳죬ƽϲ֡
㱼䣬η·ֿҹСݻصߣְĵĸоͷĪۿ
Լعѹ¼ţΨһ˲飬֪ǽãʤꡣϰĴڣݵĵط̤ʵ
ݸоع飬˵ɻǴǰһͷ˫۷졣
ֻ綼ѲҪֻļ
ദƬĿң»ȴսɳ޸ƼȻ˴ãܾʱʱ¶Щ겻ҹ֪Ůӣɻ׽ĹҲʼնá
ݸоʧãֻϲòΪϧŮӣɻ飬Ҳһѹ¡һʱݵĸ飬ֻϲߣһһҲᷳ
Сݣ㲻뿪ҵģԲԣ
⣬ĪЦҲ֪λشµĹ⻪ʱŽΣ嫵ĹâϣθеһůЦ⵭ȥȻ˯
ž~һĪЦɫĿ󱭾ߵƬĵڵŮ¡һͱ½Ƽе밲Ļû˵һһˤ
Լ½ƼˤˣĪЦɵĹǰͷ˳ˡ
½Ƽӱų˿˿⣬뿴ŮҲһĪЦüѹסв죬ҲùһʹҲòȢɩ
½ƼĿ䣬Ҳ֪Ūһ±ӣݺˤĪЦ࣬һʶ㿪ɽƬ½ƼƺһӳĪЦӶȥ
ĪЦ⣬Ůɣ̽ԼҪҽȻţ֮ǰԲܱ¶ݣ½ƼϢѾƽţĪЦһݣòƻְ̿㽫˫ӭȥ
أ޴ĳֱӴĪЦ˫֮ϣһߵͬ߷ݰɳԶβȣһԵڵأѪһһڴ

סڣ½ƼۿŵĪЦɫ䣬ݶ
ĪЦϸ˿½Ƽı飬һЦڵݣֻ˭׻̥ʮ²µ׹⣬׿ڷϣݲТָ췢ģ鲻ʵ棬˲ҪݶǱһƣҲúТѣ
½Ƽ¶֮ɫüɫȴδ˰֣֮˴ﵽһأԻ֮ȡɣҲʶƣˣݶǰɻԵͻȻ֣һձһվݶܹһǱʹ֣ݶȴ빬ݶѣɣôһȥȻţ㶨ĸħޣݶ֮ţ
½ƼȻ˵ÿͷͷǵȴû˿ٶֵ˼
ĪЦ֪Ů̽ѹ֪ȡ֮£ֻǽЩԵɺ϶ɻָ֮㣬ǵȥһأʣϰһı죡յ֪ѣļ٣һǰʹҲ˲ø֮¡ɽһɻͽ֮ģ׵֪ϲѣ룬Լһ֮֮ˣɹҫڣø׿Ҳ㾡ТײҪϸʣ˵
ĪЦ渵ˮ©½Ƽ˹Ȼ˴룬ĵʵô£
ɩǴɩݲΪŮӻʲô׵˲֪ŮҲ޴ӾֻܾպɩˣҲܳ׷
ĪЦ˵ʵǰδ˭һԵǣŮǡ
ѡ½ƼҡҡͷЩɵĽĪЦ𣬴Ĵָǡôס϶ĪЦ˿ɣ˿а춯ָᴩ͸
ǰ׽ΣŮݣδ뵽Ů顣½Ƽǹˣһơ
ĪЦãԻȡһҩ裬СĪЦûԥһʳԱ߲͹˼ڡ
½Ƽɫ׻ĪЦͷֵ۲Ƭ̣ԵģܰҩŴҩѪ֮ã޴󰭡
ллףĪЦ֪ԼڹŹһȦ̾½ƼĹ޸߾ŮӣȻί޸檣治˼顣
ĪЦ˼֮ʣ½ƼʮֵıӣƷ˷Ƶģ·ոշһжξ


20 
ݶ֪ΪΪһֱƴ񣿡
֪
½ƼͻȻøƮ죬԰Σϴŵˣճе쳣
ԶĿһʱ䣬½ƼڣʮǰҲһλߡ
½Ƽ˶٣ĪЦӣݸһЦݶһƽĶգҲҵҲûл˵ɽһ壬־ŴϵֱΪҩšš塢ɵ塢ħңеɵҲд˵ߡ
ĪЦӿκˣͲ½ƼȴûϵŮߣ߼޸һ鷲С檣ŮֱҪ̫ƣ
һ꣬ҳѴ벽֮˳ɣĵزҪ٣һɳɾɰࣻǹȥһ뷲޳ɻᡣңõıѹ١
һںȫѪγ˿ɵһطɽ˿Ϊʵʡұô˷˿ɷʱĸŷǿ˭Ȼһ⡣
ĪЦСĲһȻļ¶ʱƽֻ½Ƽ֮ǰǬδȷƺصľɷûĿ̣һľֵҲδӡʵħŵѵĿ֮ء޾ĵرܵޣںбھߴ֮ֻϧһмλ켶ڣѴ֮ȴӡǱܸԸػսľֵСЩľֵصߣԲóȻжΨŽһ£һսĿܡңǴٳһ˵Ĳ֮һ
½Ƽɫ֪ϲǱ˰ż벽ǿߣħŵͬľֵءңҲǿһһλھλϹ޵ĺᣬھΪ֣ھ֮Ϊȹ١ɿھĺֹһˣս֮ľֵλ汻ھֿԣƴ˷°ھ˳ȥ
ʱڷ飬һֻվ춯ӡھϢԺ꣬޷ָƴ˰õھûзҲͬ裬֮ءʱһǿ֪ᣬضǣԲϧľһ˿ıھ̬⣬ƴڷӡͱ̤֮ɾ߶ܿߡպ꣬һ˯ѡֱ
½Ƽϸһ˿ŮɬŤ˰췽ڵٹȻǸĶ֮䷢ңɷ˿ȻԼĴָУ˿춯Ҳҡѹأ֮ǰĸңԼгһջᰮһ鷲ӣʱԭˡ
½Ƽ˵֮ʱҸãѹݴϱߣĪЦ档
ɽ֮䣬ŮλҪƽȡʧȥ˳ΣᾫŮӣѸ˻ҪӣͻΪˡమһжĸԸҲڡ
׵ʱΪβػɣ
ػɣ½ƼȻһЦ޵ɷͥʻħŵУɣֻڷûţս龳Ϣ֮ءÿʮ꣬龳ĳϱ·һΣѡʵ˲ţֱӴ龳ɵ㷺ֻҪ˱ѡУǳ֮ɵħŵ֮Уǵ֮ĵһɣݺأҺֹǧţطɣݶҵŮ֮£һɾͣҪʴ֮ģñԼңԶʧӣ
һϦ֮ʯ쾪ľ˺ܾãĪЦŴлعͻȻһ鷳£ʶͣϸ糾½Ƽǰ΢СĶûѴŮĻۡ½Ƽһѽץסϸһһ˶ۡ
޵˿
ĪЦĿˮΪΣĵԼλ˵ĹΪģҲû½Ƽϸ˵˿ΪĪЦѾ֪鷳֪Ǹǻ￴зҲ˵
½ƼãĪЦվؾ˵һ飬ȻЦĻ֦ҲһʰĪЦǳ˳飬˿ܽ⣿
⣿½Ƽɫֹ࣬Ͻ֮ƽ⣡ѣܳɣ˿壬ҲֵΣĴָСָ½٣кýպζ㻹Լᡣ
½ƼһҲû˵ȥ˼
ĪЦ֪ҲʲʲôҪǣ½ƼȴΪյİһۣһû˵꣬ĪǼȥϱϵƴ洿ھŮϢǵǳɣҲϵ£Ҫױ¶屦Ҫ֪ɣûм֮ˣܰҩŮȥй̱Ԫ֮á
ĪЦӹƿӦһҪߣ˭֪½Ƽһסвһ֮;ΪգȻУֻһֱǰպ޸ĸ˿һжҪ£Ҫĸһǿ̤̤ʵʵ
ĪЦӦһ½Ƽֵǹľס٣
ĪЦһԼѹûٱ飬ͷð亹ŮĸŪٷ߳Ĺľ
Ѿ
½Ƽͷǿ˼ȻǱ㲻ȥ쳭Ҫסľй¶κˣҲȴ֡Ѿ£ΪҲˡ
ֱĪЦԶ½ƼŻعϹΪĸЦݡ
ݶƺ࣬Ҳǰһζֱܹͨʹ˴֣˫ȫ֮ˣ½Ƽ֮Ů


21 
Ȼڵ˽ŵӣͽ˸Уҳûֻͣҹܼһ·
ƺƵɽţɽͻȻһ֣Թܼҵǰɼϣ˲ɽ룬ֻϴ·ãŸòϡ
ɽ˵ķƵ߸߰ͷ̬Ȱ÷·ԼϽɣֻϥ
˻һǹܼȺƢҲŭ⼸˶գǲţΪβ˵ˣϷң
ܼҾҪŭ䣬ĪЦȴڰ֣ȥУֲ棬ôණҲǲ㣬ʦǡ
ܼһɻҲ÷ֻ÷Ըȡɰ˴ϡ
Сүλ̣ūȥˣ
ܼҺԶߣӴһ·̣ĪЦųӣи˼
һóԸĪЦãֶɽʦǺʱɽ
ɽۿһ£ΪӵǰסҴУȴҪչذ¡ӺȻżӿʼгһճΪԺӣٿΪͽŲȷ䣬̤һվǹ̡ɽȻţһ仰ȺΣ
ɽģʵᣬ֮ʱ繦δһƽ𣿽ɽ£ȴҪģ£ŮϽŭ⣬ĪЦӸæԡ
ʦ˵
ű죬Բ˵ı˵ÿı𿴣ùܵıܣ
ĪЦͷһݣжҲٴ˼˼һȣƾճһ̨̨һ֣أĪЦһ˼̨Ѹٱɽ̤ڽ£ХһӰʧǰ
ͨȻŵ·ֻһҺȻŲշ֮ڵɽʱԻ˽Ӧȡ
ɽټĽ̺޺һţ˼䡣һ֮ŮܹίʵĲᡣ
ĪЦڰָ֣ͨ쳤СɽûУҲɣؼǲڣ˿ǣƫƫҪǿҵȴ֮ʱվҪ
ŮĬĬͷĪЦһ˵ԹϾ̤֮ˣдԵ֮ӣܿܿڶ࣬Ҳֻǲ׺һڣΪǼ˹أֱ췽̸


22 
һһҹ˱Сһһ붼ûдԽԽߵɽ·ƺңңڣۼŬʼտʤյ㡣
Сݣ˵ɽǲˣϷǣҹϹģĺڰסĪЦ֣βסƣ
ĪЦȥߺˮһԼֱԴλ˽ΪϴϹϴӺĻûɫ嵭·һʧ˿ҲûϴԡĿաϹµĶŮƤƵĻȻԣðɾŮԵޱȡ
ˣˣǣȻұҪĪЦһ䣬ȡһӳݸΣһ·ӣ̫ʱ䡣
ƣչһ˿Ц⣬Ϲʧ˵ĲӡĽ̲֪ĪЦŮӣȻΰĲӣ˰죬ֻԼԲ˲¶Ƥ
һ·ԡ˼ԽߵĵطԽѺ͸еļ˾в̶ͬȵѣ֮СĪЦСܷѵҲϳǿö࣬һʱ䣬Ӧ
ŮϹϴӺȻǿһЩȴͲסпտգжԽԽ
أ
ĪЦͷۼüͷĲһͷ½ݣҲδ־ԮŴŮʮݲסΡĽ̸ϹȥʱĪЦһƬѪ죬ʹüͷͣŤĽȻ޸飬ڴ˿̹ѣҲûмȵĵ
ɾ͵½˺飬Ҫ˿ʱĪЦȴƿ
ˮ𣿡
Ľҡҡͷɽֻô·ĸΥĪЦĨʺ죬˼£оɬĿ˼ʪ⣬㱳ŻԵĲ
Ľ̴͵ĿǰЩҡεļӰмɬС⻹ԼʶĲ⻹Լʶ
øȣȵĶɢȵĹԣ濾ŴءĪЦԽԽǣǰľҲʣ΢΢ͷŲνյ˫ҧҧһ̲ͣļǰ
ȫԷŮԼжĽҲܣңûʲôֽţÿлٻһִĪЦΪۣһǹ£һٲ뱳˵ĸ顣
ζǰҲãҲգԼΪɻţԵŮȻֱҲκθǣḶ̌ϡ
һ;ǧУܱۣһ޳ɣһɹһΪ֮ˣ̤ɽ磬ٻصִһ˶ϣ
ϵŮӷ·ԽԽأĪЦҧ֣ˮʪ͸£͸˲ε
һһҹϢĹȥˣٴ֮ʣĪЦȣϥ̨֮ϣѪٴӿ˳һ·£ȵ̨ףȻƬ̱㱻ɡĽǰȴĪЦƿ
ǿӰļһͦĺֱĽ̶ѵĴû˵һ仰ֻ۵׵ĮΪءԹ˲Ͼ᲻˰ΣȥչһǱ裬ĽһƽյҲǲҪҧǰУÿÿʶ֮ʣݺݽֱҧѪƬѡ
ĪЦϵڱȵ̨׿Щףһĵɽû⣬ÿҹϹⶼָƣȻȫתȴҲ֮ǡֻҪҹ֮ǰ̤ţﵽɽҪִţ֧ƣΨһ
벻Ҳ˸Եɻδ֮ʱҲ˵Ǹ꣡
û˵ӻȢ˴ɩ֣£ЯǺȻţǲӸԵ㣬Ż֣ʿĴ壬£Ƿʵϧ
ݿ治һˣŴҾ죿⡭ϵƢҲͬ⣿
Ҳ˹ʺˣɻҺȻڼֵ֮ʱŻ̴ߣݿǷ⣬ŻĹ֮ڽΪ̣С֮ͯţ̫ǺȻҲڿһţɰڲǰļƣ
Ȼ⣬òͨԣʱʱעɵɽ¡
ʦܣ˵ǲ·ˣϿɽ·֮ϵ¶ȣǲܳܣ
ǽİ̾ϢһĵݶʢĶ࣬񻹴żҾɣⲻ˼Ҳ壬϶֮ģŰٰΪ
Ǻǣʦ˵Ҳԣ뵱ͨ·ʱ򣬳飬Ҳʱһ£ݵӰܲܿסǸ⣬϶ݵȴҪյֻǲ֪ΪζԴӼؿ飬ϧǺȻŵ֮ջ𣿡
ǵ˼Ҳµ͸ģҲҲǿߴӵţأ
ҡͷһЦÿɷ
ֱɫתɵɽڳӰһ֣æκӾеʦ㿴ǲݵˣ˵ձ㵽ɣ⽹ջε˶ܲˣοݣգվջ𵽴˴ģʦˣ˾ȻҲˣףʦ֣쿴ݺ񻹱һˣ
κһСʲô㲻ôʲôһĺã޷ҹḡҡҡ׹ǵɽ˹ȥҵڴ˾򼴿ɣҾͲɽ
ʦ֡ǽˣһνҿڿۣǽΣ
Ȼɣһһӱϣܲܵδ֪ѵ˽ǽջɲһңȻֻһ֮Ҳʮ£
ƲˣܿЩţȻ֮һ⼸˾ɽҲǲ׼ŵġ
ŵĲпᡭǵ˵ԶôֵǮ


ڶ Ȼ


23 
ͨĪЦ˫ϥһ̨֮ϣþȫû㵹ֻͣ沿ǰڹ̵̨֮ϣҵʹľ񾭣͡ϴʣĪЦлŵһ㣬㶵̧ͷ
񣬺гԵġ
Ľɵɬ۾Ȼӿ˲ٵᣬǰͷӣŮӳտľݣ񾹱óªޱȡ
ݡ㡭
Ľ޷ƽԼģһ·һѪƴǰ壬Ϊ˲ǰ֮ˡˣȴ౳һ˵ѾƣԼԼǰţ·ϣǱһݣҪټ
ȻǸɷ򣬵Ľ̲֮ˣ̶սӴһͬĥѣѪˣҲῴͬȥ
쵽ˣҰ㱳ɡ
ĪЦȫʶҡҡͷŬƬѣ˿ѾĥḶֿ̌˿Լ£üͷ
ҷ
ĽΪ뿪ˣ̱ΣŮϹ̵¶һҪЩߣȻ֮ǡ
ĪЦ԰ȡһװ⻮ӣ֮ϡᱧΣĽ̵һ·㻻ϸ
Ľ̵ͷԼƲ¶Ƭʱһ졣˵Ҳ֣⽾ʯͷȴɹƤҲܶ룬ӹУһװǿӸ·
ʱȻţ˯ѵκӴ˸Ƿɻ˯ȥûС
۾κߵǰǰһĻö˴һ
⣬⡭ˣսİͬһֱ񣬸Ʋ촽ƲˣǶǸ۲۵Ұˣ
ĪЦ촽ʼ˵һ仰ڿţƵʯ£ƮܼƶܱߡĪЦʯ֮ϲԾġȻš֣ڹһĨ΢Ц
Ľ̲ñһЦĪЦѹû뵽Ṳ̊ţֱһ̣ĪЦлɻΪοﾹǿºʹάϵŮǿʲô
ĪЦ˼֮ʣ˸Ͻ÷ۣĪЦ˽š
κӵɫʮֺÿԣջ̣֮յɽģλɲֻˡβΪŮһ·˱ɽģȻûΥ涨⿼Ҳ³ɡ
ݺĽ̡һȾҿˣԱϼΣ¾ɼҵںȻһȼƸ¼ȡһ
֪ݻ᲻ôˡߣƾʲôҲҪͷ
κ鲻Ըż̤ҽᡣȻӵܸˣ֮ҲǼţһҽƵҽᣬҲǿϡֻ棬ĪЦһۻ
ʯϣǶҪҵȽӦˣΪΡ
ʯӹǶ˶̶žĹһ춯ĪЦ˻ûüòǿƿɢܵ˱ƾճڶǰ
ȻǺɻȻǽջ𣬾ȻŮˣ
˵ɬƫƫľˣĪЦǿŶĤ𵴣˰һݣݣݼǰ
ǴҾɵݣ˿Ц·Ц飬ĪЦһЦĵԼ޷뿪ɽ죬ô˸֪
Цգһ֣һ͵Ϣʱϡ⼸ܵѸϣ̺۶ʧ崺磬ӵ޾ĪЦԼ˵İȴ˺˿ûмᡣ
֪ɻջ̫ңֻܽ΢˻̫أϷҲΪպõ޸ɣ
޸һ޸ⳤϼﶼ޸ˣĪЦҪ²ָܻòִʱಢڣȴҲǸոھвһۣԼųһ亹
սļѪ˿ֻܲҪһ˿΢ı飬Եɲ֮ܳΪ
ĪЦһӣĽ̽ҡѡ
ֻҪڣܻķӣĪЦǷϵ̬˰һݣллûתֻŮϢƬ̱˴Ǳߣֱԡ֮ڡ
κӲݲݽ˶һԡ漴÷ֽʲס˷ţﳤȥֻһԡͰˮ峺һ˿ʣбˬƷĪЦ˼δˮæ̻ʺࡣ
ˮȹ˰ͰĪЦˣνḶ̌ϴ󡣡
ĪЦ˵תȥȻͬһͰϴˮºΪ飬Ľ޵֮ŮҲſŤ̬֮ȥˮ˲ε֪ۣƼĪЦͦεıӰһСݡ
ĪЦһֱĦԼ˵ûŮĺλ뻽ȴĽ̶ס졣
Լһɡ
βԣĬĬϴ԰óһϯȹ£ϡԡĲϴȥһ۹±ľˣܣԼĳѾµ˵ţĻϲ뱧סĪЦʱһֻ赲
ĪЦһһתͷǿֲ֮չڲǰߵδʵŮӣŵֱԡͰԵֹסΡһֻס̴ڣ֣
ĪЦһ㰵
Ľԡ㣬üһ壬ѴŮԵɣȴһ͵𣺡ϴûУ
ͿˡĪЦһӦȥƵ½󣬴±ˮдϴ˫۷ֱһֱԭƣֱĪЦϴ꣬ûл
һվʳᣬֻһӣЩߴȻͬڲݻϸµװޡһ·̻ʲĳ극ֱ쵽һûʵĹ
ÿӱһվ˴ǻȻŵĴϡոʽǷ䵽ǲȥеĵһֻһϣǺúñ֡
һ䣬ȴκӺݺݵһǣֻס졣
ĪЦǹֵлŮĹ첢ӣ˵Լϸ֮ϸСװȴƺķ߼ѪҲΪ̤֮ʣһö׵
תҡ


24 
˲ҵԶСҺСʮ˵ӣһλῡϥ¯Χңĵ̣һȦһȦΧĵ翣Ҫ˷ȥ𻯵ɡ
ĪЦ˫ϥأ˼ݣݼϡ
һ֣һĪЦ֮ڣֻһݼɡ
˹һݣڴǰҶԡͷǺ⣬Ŀɨӡ
ʱһһȥͻȻԲοʼԸǡ
¡
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ο֮ɫԶ˼䣬ĽչһЦٶȰһݡ
ͷߵ˲еĪЦǰһָ̨֮ϣǷƵɫȻһ䣡
ʲôҲû˵粻һ֣ƵʲĽ̺ͲС
ȥǵȥ֮ڴ˵أл˵
Ľ̿һֱ˲ȥ̾ϢһǿŮ뿪ҡֻʣĪЦ߱ϹϾԭأһҲ·Ĵڣ˿û˵˼
ʱ˺ܾãĪЦվЩƣ΢΢̧ͷӴһתͷٴɨһȦò쳣ꡣ
ҵĵȱһλͯӣԸⵣ
ĪЦüͷ壬׳ŵʵʴϣͯ˾ְŷǷһڣ
ԲãƺһֻͯһЩ֮Ӱѧӡְλڼ֮ϡ֪֮ͯλôвԸ
ĪЦһϵͯǸʲȴһ˿뷨ҲûС̫࣬ÿڴƤѱ¶ڣʱʲʲһ£ܱܲһ¡
ǧžѧϰֻ֮ѧЩ֮ʲôôѲĪЦҪһڴ˴ɣǴ˿ܾ̾˴ϣλε˴ˣպţ´粽С
ĪЦƬ̺¶˾ģл⣬³ʤΡֻ밲ȴС𣬻ϳȫ
ߣŭɫʶ̧٣ϴȥٿ㣡
ĪЦȥ˴Ŵ˿ڴԽ϶ŮĲʶӣ˭Լ˴أЦЦԼǧţܾһֻܵͯӣһɣǲҡ
Ҳ֪Լôô࿴̾ϢĪЦʼϸơǿʼͨΨһҫ۵ıмһĨɫ⻪ĪЦɫ⻪ָʾķ̤һΪ󡱵Ŀⷿ
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ĪЦлȥָ㣬ҵ˾סķݣװȻ㸻ûʣܸɾˣĪЦҵһĴ̣
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ῡ΢΢̧ɨһǰƷɽʦѾ˼ӣҽҪͯӣѵΪϿĺɻԣպ
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ʲôڶݣʦɽһ£ӽ֮Īɾ壬ʹ̥֮ǣ
ǣҲǡɽ²յĵ֮ʱ棬ÿһΣɻҪ֮ǰǿһЩֱɶ֮ɻҲǽ㣬ͦջϴӣһ
ϳ˼Ƭ̣ɻĵرȷʵڣ˻ʵˣΪº֣Ҳǲܡ޶ңҺȻһʧءѴϢλʬ޴档ҺȻǷţҲΪȻɸ㡣ֵ֮ʣݿɿһ
Ҷýջԭ򡣡ɽ΢΢̾ĿԶȻû֮ǰ̬Ҳ֪ɻΪ챦£ڽջһ·к·ʧûκر֮Ǳֻµĸˡһˣͨһɽջգǳҵϡ
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ɽ˵ͷ̨нƣ֮вƽ⡣οѻ̫һСģӱ̨ѶԺȻɸжǽ̫ѿʵʧȻ档ɽһ޳֮գΪȻһȡù֮ʱ
ʦܣӲÿƣ㵱ļƻ衣뵽ոռݵ龰ֲѡ
Ĺǵ֮ɽȻžһв豭ĿԶӣһϣοƲӣɽֻ֮а벽֮ңڴڼ䣬ػΪɾϹᣡ
ƣĪЦϲһ硣ʱ򣬼ˣóⷿ˸Сӡ
˵ֻҪһȡ裬ԿĪЦ򿪴ӿڣȫĹעӣǰִ֮ĿռԶԶĴĶ࣬װ·鼮ҩȣȻӿռһ롣
ĪЦǵһμʶ֮г˻ϲһƷһԵķɳӣƽ䵽ĪЦǰ
ĪЦųУûио˵ϢŷĽ£У·Ьӵȴϣٴһ۵ʱ˸ۣ档
ףĪЦһɻ󣬷·˼֮ǰɱţõİɫ塣½Ƽ˵ھ֮²ҲǸ͵ȵھֻǿڲ֪ãֻЯھأĪǱˣĪЦҡҡͷҲڴ⡣
СԴ֮һֱ˯żļָĪЦС˯ˣһ̾λо´˺ΪԺԼУԼҲ󲻺ô˺ָʹΪã
ǶĴ󣬴˺òȻƱߣһˣ֮񡣡ĪЦ룬ֽ˺֮ڡ
ַƷĪЦĿⱻһĲһʵغܺõĲӣа֮ءĪЦһҳҳһֻ֣дƪͼϸһͼһ԰׵ߣƺĪЦ̽ӣȻڽ
ȻŵѵɴǧأԿ֮Ȼ֮ȺӣʮͼΣҺȻһԴԶ̤ɰ߲ˣ£بδС
޵ĴȻһаʱĪЦЩͷͣպϲӡ֮ȻֹĪЦ³һ򿪲һҳػϵλɫƤͯӣ۵Ŀöڱǽɵ£ĪЦԴ˴Ȥһ
½ƼħŵһȣͯӶ漰ĬĽ⣬ĪЦִ˲ƣżؼĵĿЦʱһһιȥĪЦ˿ûиоƣֱмŲıպϲӡ
һŲű򿪣źȻżӷӡһĪЦһۣòԵĴк


25 
ݣպλʦֶָ̣
ĪЦվӣһݣԵñ񣬷ֿҲǸЦ⣬жøдĪЦһûһ
ԭһӾһճӣҲǰսɣںȻ͵ȼҲǻ졣ĪЦ̣ȻĴڡһ̸㵽˽ҹʱ֣ĪЦ˸ɳš
֮ڣɲȷ䣬ԼԽ֪ԽáĪЦ䷳ܱȦϥ˺ȻһƫƧԣ˵ضƽոɴֻļӣͨݣһ죬ĪЦУҹﴵ硣
ĪЦϣ棬ҲôȻųʦһʼ͵˴ϣ̤ɵĵһмԸ
Ƕ˵ȻкȻΪҪﵽ۷壬жʫӹֻѧһЩ͵ȵĹʫ飬ÿһ궼˫ԣǰé߷ɳΪԺӡֻгԺӣСԺ֮ϻҵӡ뾳ӣеӡϡţȼԽߣԽѣǲ֪պֵز
ĪЦųУ±º˼Ϲʧʱ仹磬еСӣóӵڶҳԭڶҳŹ棬߳ĪЦһͷ󣬸æ˵ҳһҳ˼ճг̡
ĪЦơ
ţĽѾͨãֻɹѫ뻻ȡճǵҩҪȥȡ׬ùѫӵǿɻõĹѫȴǺ٣ͨ࣬Ҳǿճϴԡ⹦ѫȡҩУ֪Ҫܵ¡
һŵһɣĪЦȻĵҹͣȳ˶һʱ乥˴˵Ļвɹĵ
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ףոڷǴ˴ΪͻȻʧǹ£
Ǹо󡣺Ȼ춯ǰܲǰжҵǲˡ˵֮ĪЦİǵ̫ԭĪЦ˫Ŀ΢УɨЩ˼ۡȺ̫ԭհںȻЩ
ʦǣҵҲһɢȥϢȥɣ
˻һ˾ĳԶȥĪЦϢѹû˼ȻһӺȥٴĴƬ̡
ʦ֣ʲôûУ
̫ԭһԭΪոԣǵͼ˽ʲôҶˡҵھȥɣ
ŵһ̫ԭԶߡĪЦҳһڣֱоΧһ˿Ϣſ
£̫ҡˣĪЦ̾Ϣ֮жǲԻ֮ͨˣҲգҵĸǶѾ࣬ǲ£ҲӦܳ¡
ĪЦϵҶͣصڡҹѾ˶˯ĺĪЦĤ롣
ĪЦüͷ壬̾Ϣһ¶ߡ
峿컹ûĪЦ㱻޴ѡɵ˯ۣճţս˵κӡ
κʦ֣ʦֽôпաճЦϹϾκȴһ㽫ϣֱߵĪЦ̣ݺһߡ
ͷɹͻ𴲣ŵڶ裬ǲʦϱ̷᣿
һ̷ᡱ֣ճӺӾ˽ݴ䣬κסüŪۡĪЦﻹ᲻ףɱվӹֵʦǡ𴲣ʦֿзԸ
ߣӣκеɫ˿Ͽƿֲ˺ֻۣݣ˶˵ſţҿ⿡ҲûСʦ¹ѫѾ࣬էѵʦֵֵַ𣿡
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νڻҲڿ֮£һŻҲʮĴԡۼƽ׽˵ˣҲסǸôӵˡ
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ĪЦֿӣһ˿жν֮ʱģ˲ûΪκԼԶȥİæҲǿɽ֮ˡ
ճӶͳԼĹѫƣ໥һüͷ˵Ĺѫֻܹʮʮȷʵ׬ãʲôԷϴԡ
ûа취𣿡ĪЦü˼һ̾ɫЩŹֵ취ҲûУЩΣգ֪ʦܵĵΣ
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ʦлֱ˵
ӾǺץ˺ð죬ǣʦֿɾ˵˰԰պþû첲һžײճӡ
βѣѻ˵˳ɻ֪Ůᣬֻһ֮ǸǸ㲻Ǵ𣿿ȿȡȥҪӶܶɺӡʦ׿ϲС
ĪЦϷȥŮҪѫ㣬ֹģʵ͵ʲôϵĪʦǸĸϻˣ
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26 
ĪЦһüͷ΢΢
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ֻײˣԲŻӡĪЦĿκӵķ裬ɽĲһжԶ˺øдһཻ˭չˣĪЦǵһθܵȴݵĹػгʵޱȡ
ʦʦܣʲôٲţξĳˣһ£һһ֣㳯ⱼȥ
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һ·ǰϰĿֱȴ֣ʹκһĪЦ죬ߵͷһӡ
͵ȼεĵطʱܱˣǻȻķӡ
˵ű򿪷ţӳıǳȺſڰϴ˯ѧ̨ͬͽԽĽζĪЦŶŵλ
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һһңĪЦеСӣϸϸĸ⡣ʵĪЦĴϻۺݶԹĵĲŻѹҪͬǲ˶ԡӣҲþܾ
µĽϣĪЦԸмһЦСӡȻ겻Ϊ֮½ţضʵĵطĪЦΧ˯ѧδѣ˻δﻹֻԼģо
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ȻȻԿ֮ϴ񣬾ҲЭΪĪЦȴǱ۾ٿ鱾ƽѧЩʫʸ踳ױȵĲ˼һһĪЦС·ˮĳΣһʱ䣬ٶȾﵽһδйĸ߶ȡ
šˬһĪЦ۾ǰ峺ޱȣɫ˳ĪЦһ֣ϸ΢ļһ˿̫Ե궯һȷȷܵ˿
ȻżӹܹͷأһΪӣΪҰڶΪͨΪͨǺأǿǡȻ֮⡣ĪЦ֯ǱҪĿγ̡ǴԽ̫ãҲиָеڶҹӵĳ̶ȡӹƺ֮ͨĪЦϳ˶Ȼڻͨ
ŹȻв֮иΪǲ֪ﵽ˺̶ֳȡĪЦּ˫ָסһֻӬȤζ㽫γӵϡ
ΧһĪЦԣ̧ͷл˯ѧˢˢԼͣ߶һգգĶ
ӾĨһߵĹӣʦܣôסǲӬģ
ĪЦɫƤδһֳָ֣һֻĲӬ
ˡ
Ӿһǰļһ֪ŵķɳɲȷ䣬һ˾ǼҩκβãСӾȻһ־ץסһץץ㡭ֱգ
ĪЦ㡱˰쾹Ȼ˵ô緹Ļ˳ǡ
~~һĪЦһͬӰܳӡĪЦҲҪȴ˫üѧס
ݣ
ĪЦͷһݡ
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ĪЦ߬ȭͷɫĵĿǰԵ޹վ˰ʱˡ
֪ΪʦΪ
̫ý֣Ҳסį۾һбɢڣлŨŨĹǻĪЦͣڷƨ֪ôװվ˰ʱ䣿
³δ֪
ĪЦϹϾӣĵõܴ㣬Ҳݵ̫ˣ֪֮ģĸ֪ͯһפȻţײļӣһļһܷŹǧѷĵѻ᣿
ŷһգʵڲ˷â¶ոڿѵ֪𣿡
˰˶ȣĪЦŴ̶֮΢΢һüݲأ¡
£һ¾ˣĪһˡĳҲ˴ӵۣɿݵֻڲͣϣһͱģĪЦĻô£
ëˣֵô
ִԼܹĿȱ˶࣬ȴһֱ󣬺˸ҶָʹΪţϧһ빬ϧίңͨ·ϣջںϣײļӣҲں
һûʲôɻΪĽҲҶָʹҪôֻȻڣ˶Ϊ۸
Ʊۣûʳԣһãδãա
ĪЦ޷ƽϢһΪյɰ࣬ѵ˶ΪҪһǿԡū𣿣
ֻǲ֣


27 
裬ƺĥǻȼյŭʶ֣ס˼
ȻȻڻͨٴתһ࣬صϾȻ
⡭Ǻ֮ݣڶڿ֣ʦ棬ʦ棡һУĪЦ֣нվáٶ֮죬Ȼʮߡ
ĪЦԭѾðȻЩڣ˿̼˾ֲӣж˼㡣һƽһ룬ǶĪЦѹס½°ڣͷҲصĳܡ
ʦඨ㣬㣡
ңĪЦЦѣͬʱٶ缱磬סŵ֣ѧţȻŵڿǲɵģͨ˵ٶȣɱȲ֮죬ĪԵɼҹɣ
˵ɫѸٱãǿ̬ͦҪԣҾסţմȾʹǿкβɣ
𣿡ĪЦɿЦ崺硣߼˿δ𱸣һİƾаתȦԵڵء
ҺȻΰҵôڿ͵ѧŹŹ棬ɵ
Ҵң㾹Ҵң֪֪ʦһȵʵᣬ͵գһĨѪ˿ɼ޷ЩôӣûϵӾǿƣӣ⵨ʸҴĿͷһ
㲻һ鷲ˣ㣬Źأ£͵ѧȴҪִɱ̣οŻкβףĪЦηηӣе㡣
ǿʼһʱ嶯ϾڣгѹˡһλµڿҲͺͼӵĵλ˶٣˵սľģȻû񱳾
κβк̨κӣô֪ߵغ϶ɣĪЦͻȻ֣˫ָţ
ϾͷһµܵдڡĪЦᣬӦһԾקס˺½΢תһһֻ˺󱳡
~һѪոҡҡ׹ĪЦ˫£ϵһ˫Źǡ
ĪЦ˿ɱƵİţһֻű߳ȥ
⳿ϰڵӻδȫɢȥĪЦʮקĮȻȥһ·ͷѸкβһҪŪס֮ԽԽ࣬ŮŮ̴棬ʱһΪ׳۵˳ĪЦ
һУĪЦδĿбӵ̷ֱᡣ
̷ʱ򣬺β˳Ķ飬ĪЦЦ˦ˣ̷Ĵǰ
ݣ̷ᣬ볤ϳһ
ȴ˳֮ڣеĪЦ񶼱ˣĿת㵲ϡ
ݸȻһⲻܣһ֮ڱﵽ˼ӹ塪ֻ֮ɻ֮˲ſɴﵽĪɻΪδҪײУ
Ҫ֪ǷëǵɻߣɵĶ˲ţɣĸӵɻߣ޲Ϊ䱦ҪĥҲὫڼӸ߲㡣
˾֮ʱ̷յĴڿһĳªӻ˳ĪЦһò֮Լ˵Ҳò˶٣һ̵ĵݺգԭҲԵ쳣һ·겻ϴƾɵĿ£һֱëɢĶֱ˱ĳ嶯
λߵ̷ϣںȻż˼ˣһ˫峺ƺǺӴ󽭣֮
ĪЦϸĶŷŵСӣҲȫСסеһ磬òҲɱ䡣λʵڲעܹش㶯ΪҲ޷ָա
ĪЦ̷ϲҲ̶õ뵽Լ˰̣˼ָͬܣһЦ
ªɨһȦˣЩĵġηġµɫȻޣȴһһɨʱһĨκ־֮ɫƽЦݡƺܾû峺Цݣ֣ڵϵ˷
ӣҺ£
ӵܺͬһ͸ĵػͷ·վģһ߸ϵĺȻųϣһλͰ׵ĳ
ݣոսŵļӡڿȴ͵ϰŹʶƣִѣݱ㶯˽̡
һϸŲ̷ָ̛ϴʱΧ˴ҳ˲䣬һѪܵͷĪЦ¡
ӵٶȱƽУֻմѪƻʾŸոһĻʵԡ
ˣ˭̷Ф硣
ǰ㣬㲻ʼĩ𣿡չ̫˳ĪЦѴõĸûϣɻʵ
ӵԶ䣬ĪЦϵİ̺ۣĳЩɫࡣ
޷Ѿˡ
Ф˵ƺ뵽ʲô㣬ܿɹĿ˵һ䣺ĲۣвֹȻɵ˵콾زâ¶ҲеΪ֮
Ȼ䣬ĪЦФ绰˼;ǰСξޣ躹ޡ
Ф磬Ф硭ĪЦĬݣȥ
ɢȥɡФһ֣β˳Զͬʱ˵ʬ˫ųϱ̷⣬صٶȺϣþû졣


28 
һɽһɽߣ̫ʣڿĲ޺̨ФάҶȻӲһ鷳պٲ³ç£СĽı˼ĪЦȥлФ׻׻̻һյľ̫רעβ˶ûз
СݣĪЦһסһֻŮ֡һֻδܹѵĸ֣ݼޱϤӡ
ǲΡ
ĪЦ΢΢üת漴뵽Ů˿֮Ǹ𣬷Ȼ˦ֻ֡Ҵ뿪ɺ治ͣҲûͣ
ʱ򣬳ĶѾų⡣
ʦʦܣӾ˸ߵĴУĪЦԶһ̾ǰȥ
ʦܣ˵ѵϲͿˬˣѵĺãĽϧҶ˼Ŷûȥ˺ϷЩ˵˵ô϶ģ˴ֻƪȻ֮һһңĪЦڶǰС
ҽǾһûʲôҫġǶλʦ֣һ磬ûֵ
ĪЦĵΪɥֻεﳣĳһŵǰѾˣҲô磬ȥöӣȻŵϣٺٺ١ڿĽŵҡںȻبδУ϶˧ˣ
֮ڣҲ֮ˣô̵ʱ䣬·˶֪ġ¼ڿˣǲҲˮ
ĪЦЦָĵ˰ʱֵˡ
ĳһ֪Ǽ֮ˣ˫ĿӥϡĪЦǵڶμˣȴһҲûпԶƽˮģȴ͸Ź˵Ϣһ룬᳤ֻ̧ۿһ£ӸѲ񵶡
ϣβˡӾ񵶷ϣӺףҪȥޡ
ţŲ˫Уڸһ˿졣΢˼Ƭ̣ݸһӺѲƷĳ
кɽͨǵֵסĪҪǿ
һл϶š
ճһ·ĬĪЦ֣ʵʦ֣岻ʣ
ҡҡͷճӵ޷ֻ޵ҶҲǵһɽΣأЩѡ
У㻹ˣô̰ϸжͼӾмһڣճͨ죬ʦܽڿûκأ̷صһ겻һأ˭֪ǲĺκմ״ʣϱ϶в֮ͨڵõһٹѫ޵񣬻ʲôҿʦܵĽĿ죬㲻ѾңɽʶҲǺõģ
ӾԵӴһ˵ճҲûԹԡȻŵļӣײܹеģŽһָ磿
˵ЩҲûйӽˣһڴ죬䶯ȫţӾɾʮ㣬űƨĻ죬·˵ԼһͷĶһʱ̿
˵Цһ·ϵ˺ɽſڡ
˵͵ȵǰâûھġɱһâŵѫ㣬һھȴܻʮҲ̰࣬ھ֪ˣ
ճһӾΣλƵԴЦ㵱ھܰҪǻòֻӴܣٳ㣡
ĪЦ΢ɼĸһؿڣвû˿䶯֮󣬷˵һ屻ӡԵκȻлô޴ڣ
Ҳֻ֪֪Ȼźɽ޶ȦģǸɵõġôʲôһξͳɰǧģɱҲɱɾ
ӾٶԣձĴĪЦһԾңͷӡ
λãɽûжԶҲٵĿЩ͵ȵİâ˵ãԼԼԶ޵Ľ
ĪЦȶ˶ãǰ·Щɫ£һֻëŰɫâӴޣǰ
үүģϿû˵һô󣡡Է˶ӴɱİâӾϸֳŵ𾪣ţȥ
ĪЦûֹ˱Ӱ˳ȥâޣԶԶĲΣһ޺ֱӾȥ
ķʾ˲үүԣʡѫ㡣Ӿ·𲻰Σյ£ųâȥٲȻһս
ڰâҿһ˱һ貵ĻûãճӿļҲųȥ
ճƺӾϻ࣬õطǺδ漰ĵط̵âƨɵһһĨѪ˿һ˷ܡ
ӾƨɣӾ⣬ҿճӹâ˶ƨɡϴ׼ƨɾǿ̡âˣٻӲѣǷŭǰס
ƨɶôӲò˻ˣƨɣջ񲢲ʮִӾͷһûƵĪЦûСӣһѰ
ǰâһ̶ļӾ˶ʹæ˼âǰצأͬɰĴѩǰأһһ̶ļĪЦὣǰâ
˺󣡡һ£öȴо޴Ӿ˲ԼͬٺˣۿͬսݣٽŰâǻѾ̴âѪٲȾޣ


29 
ʦСģ
ۼâһצ£ҪԴѾճӸæļһȡĪЦ磬΢תһݵ֮ϡ
ƣ
ĪЦһƫὣϣ滮һѪڡӴâһצɴԼ֮ϣʱʹ˺ѷΡʺѪҺʿ೦θѪҺڵϣŻĳҲδɱӾһ亹
̫ѪˡӾʿˮҪὣȴճӵȥҲ鷳ǿǰâˡ
䣬ĪЦƺߣֱ£ǰâһצ˿ڣһצ
ᣡۿҪˤϵӰͻȻһΣƾսٶϣֱͦӣһâ˫Ŀ
ӾһĻķճȻż£ȫùҲûﵽһֻͣһͽԶԶ˦ӾУ֪ÿ޸Ц
ӣ˵Ժݻֵܸ𣿡
ճһ㶣ĬҡҡͷҲ֪
Ȼһʱ䣬ƶཻϽСˡ֪ʵ΢Ⱦ֮øһεˡ
˳Ĭ֮ʣĪЦѾϹ˰â˫ۣϤãĲİâظ˿
λʦ֣ɣ
Ӿ˳ĬǰǿջЦٽʦˣͱǸ̫֮࣬ǿΪպǻýʦء
ĪЦüͷԻȡһƿҩ˵ո󣬶Ҳ֮ҩŵĵҩй̱Ԫ֮ã˷ȥԺĪҪ˵Ȼ
˼ĪЦ˸λȴǸˣָֻǰ顣
½Ƽƿҩûʱ͸ζŮ˶һƿҲǳཻ֮⡣Ͼ֮У˺ʵ֮飬Ҳٰ
ںȻŹľ֧Ψжύͬ飬Ա
ǿûھɡ
Ӿĥâںҷ˺ð죬Ǿɥĸ˰â˫
˰ëûУ
Сӻһ޾Ūھǿгɵ޲еģѫ㹻һæˣ֪㣡ճЦһ䣬âʬ塣
ĪЦ˼ЦЦŶһ·ǰ
·޲Ǻܶ࣬ɢɢҲЩӴ󣬽Ϊٶ۵İâĪЦһ֣һ·նɱҲΪ˳
٣춼ˣһھ޶ûŪǲĳʦɣ
ĪЦĵҩӾƺһҲв֪Ļӻϴۻ
ճԼĹҵĴ˴һǣܹ˰ֻâֻֻҪʮѫ㣡̰ĲСּ
ӾӺףճӶһۡ˽֪ɱֻޣ˳࣬ǻδ֣ݾͽնɱٲȻ˴ӵС࣬ھС顣ݣ˶Ըһâпɥ
ҲЩǿ׳ݵķˣҪԸһӵޣѣûսļӣҲпԭݣֱһǺֻһգ˶Ѵ۷塣
ٸһƱͻȥϢϳû̫࣬˿»Կ
ճ˵գĪЦ½ǣǰƿҩ֪ҩŵĵҩǧģǷۺȻţҲûӵУһţԼðɡϾʺãҲ˷ѡ
ĪЦƴǣճӸɴཫҩƿӸֱǰ˹ȥ
ˣĶ֮ĪЦ˿ıӰЦһҲǸǰȥ
ҹķ紵˲ɢķ˿¶񷣬Ǳ¸覵ľɫһδ֪꣬˵ʲôŮ˵ģʲôµֻ΢΢磬ĴһΡ
ҿֻһʱֺοԼȥͨȻ㣬˼׼ˡϾҵӴӶеĻᣬÿնСĽĲݵĺ󱳣ǰȥ
šһǣ԰۶ǰ˿ֻչ⾰ƺ࣬û֮ǰĻͬ˻ǰľګɬ
ע⣬˴зҹûٶһǧצͣѶԸӵм䣬ʱ׼ӭս֮ףһɴŮһ£ʮ˵ĳѸϡ
Ůĵͷ˿ұۡ˿ڰҹĹâŮ޳Ҳ·һĨ޵ɫʡ
ˡùԭ΢궯쳣Ů˫üȻһ壡
ʦ֣ûоýķе⣿ӾһһҼĪЦһ·ڽиͣĽšʦ֡ĥ޿κΡ
硭ĪЦֹʵͷյķ粢Ѱû˿ķƵҲһҹʵڲķ硣ĪЦסŲΪŮ˵ĵУܾʲô·
Ǹҽ𣿡
Ӿһ٣һۣȻЩԥ
ĪЦ̾˿Ҳգ̫ΣաȻȥҪһ̽һ⻰ţƢˣ˵ʲôҲߣ˾ͬ͵ȵļӣǲǳðգ
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ĪЦֿģһǵͷ
Ѱķ磬εԽԽͣҶŸתķ绯ĪЦ˽ǰУɱҶûˡ
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ΣҲ֪ݵҪʲôȻѾӦͬУȻܰ;ϣֻӲͷƤ˸·
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һΣգǾȥùҡĪЦһ̽ĸо˷֮⡣
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޷Ҹоˣ룬סţҴһ̣ĪЦ˫ųâ˫ץס˼΢ƺɱΪٴ߹֮£ٶȾһ


30 
~~ĺɫâںڰ֮ԣ·֮貵̻޹׹䷲Ůƽأܱɢ߷ҹʬ塣
ӢʦĽƺָһأ˴˫Աضڱصá
Ӣʦһ֮¿ԽҹޣʵҵҲǺ
Ӣʦʦĵ㻯ҪǵȻԵͺˡ

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ס󣬻棬շҹΪѰҲ²ɺܿͻǲ˵飬Ҳǲ˽ж
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͡ԽԽ󣬷ԽԽͣһּǿѹָͷʮ˵ŮӴƺǿķƣΧԺŮӽɫ԰ףʪ½Ϊϵ͵ģѾʼ߿Ѫ
γʣȺУŮһʱ޶ұ֮ϵĺɫ˿һѸ׳󣬸񷡣ڵɫǵصĺ֣֮ڣһʱƽ˾
Ǻ
ĪЦһ˫ͻضסΣǰн
ʦֱģҼǷʦ͸ӢʦķӢʦʦ㻯ѳΪҵӣһΪɲ⣬ȻڣǱоˡ
ճƺ֪٣жӢΪأȻܸߡĪЦüһۣ˼һȴҡҡͷ
ҲδءҹʱʱޣⷨˣǱǴ߹ʵ㣬ҿٹһʱ̣˱ضάֲס
ǣ;ĩ·ӾӺףһεĿĪЦУûн˵⣬һ·ޣ˽ƾһ֮ɽֻâһҲ¡һΣգȻĽϣдϡ
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ĪЦ̾˿µһʱƿ֣Σƺַ˲˵Ĵ£һѣοҪԱļһ
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Ƶɽ֮УȻеʼ궯ŨԽãʶ㷭ӿ˷ܣۿɼ΢âٳһ㱼ȥһӲϵš
֮ڣبŵĺڰڿտĳأ޾ݵİͳ߰·ֻд֮ɫΨһеɫʡ
~һֻ䣬籦ʯͻȻеĺڰڴ˿ʧɫʲů˿տĳء
һŮӣɢŸ߰˵ʣһϯ㷢ɢңȴ̬ʤĵŮӵüǺеҲһ˵˫üȴֲͬѰİ˵˫üƽȴһܿɹ顣
飬ںһ𣬵һ˫üǣ԰Ȼ¡ƫƫ΢΢ĽëԾɽյ˫ۣͦεıӣԲȻĶ䣬Ըĵĺ촽ӣѩļһǰˡŮ̫ˣĲƷˣ·һɶ칤ͼ˼䣬ǵʣǵõؼ
嫵ƺҲŮӵòҲɢȥԽԽۼһãͬϼ㽫ŮΧסܲ͸硣
ã޴ĲϼһһŮڣʧŮӶϵۻպϣ伣ֻһĨӡǣŮӶϡͬʱ˫յһ˲䣬·Ĵڣڴ˿̶Ȼʧɫ
ۡûгɹ𣿡ŮӵϥվᶯһյתһȦŮץУ档
ɷŮӣȻǸۣ
ȻŴУɽΪ߶˫̾ϢһѣôֻЩҵǰȥ֪Щ˸ˡ
ߣΪŴϻ˵⻰Щӣȴë裡֪ǲҪ´ҲŸģ
ɽƺϣֱײ
㻹һ˳أ㵭ˡǸ֣Цǰϡ
ǲֲܣǺɽ֮£δ֮
㲻д𣿡ϼȡЦδɣ·ҲɥʧȤǷƿҪһ㡣
ҹΪЩǱҵǰȥҲһĥϣ֮
ҹ˵ʦܣҶˡҹȻͣȴ˳ǼΣܳȺ㼱еȴأá̽̽Ůʵ
ߣɽ˫һ˿ãȥ룡
̨һ֣ɽʱ񷡣
ϵһЦ豭Ŀȴ䡣
ɽʦܣôӸ̽·ȴûǺġ˵˵ôϰ˸ʰоأ
һӰɳڣ֮ɽٶȣ֪ǿ˶ٱӰǰеķ򣬺ȻǺȻźɽ
ĪЦ˵֮ʣ֮ϵӢѾѳֲסβ·ʮŮӴҲٱ
ҹӲȴÿһĿ£һ·ޱǺģû壬ֻǵصķӰֱ֣
ĪЦһ߲ϴܳĽСӰŶ˱Ҫ
һɷ֮ĪЦ˵ԶһɫֺͨŮǴӣ˿ȥ
ֻνС缲ͻȻܳݺײţ䲻Ϯٶȱײʮס
ƨôҹ㲻ǽȥѵҪӾŭŮӴУĪЦסੲݵ죬߶Ϯҹ
˵棬ֻУɲҹ̫ˣŶϽֵһȴԮ
ԼģĪЦҲܼȣһȥΪ˵ֵϮԽԽ·ʱпѳɻҡĪЦһҧֻô򿪴ǳѾõ²ݲϡ
ʦ֣㻹Ļ·ҡף·ʲôӵģôҹҲƣһ䣬ӾҲŵĪЦһۣ߻ı졣


31 
ʦ㣬ȥһӣεֵǧҹʦ㡭Ⱥ֮УͻȻôһ仰ĪЦһ㶣鸴ӡ
ŮӸЩƲ֪ݵӣȻУ˵ԪδʧӦúչԼȻѡУǸ˾ûκιϸ𣬿Ĳźã
ʦ˿ΪδڵϣһһĿһһıܾĪЦãһУһʱʧƫƫ˲񣬵һֱķҹһûᡣʮֻҹһ뽫ײɣ֮󣬽»ĪЦҲĿѪ
ĪЦһƺߣҪ߹ҲǡϮһһҽĪЦײͷĿѣ
~һֱάϵʱʱ޺Ӣ˿֧Ųסһ죬Ǻɫ˿ٶȻع鵽ұ֮ϣҲа㴹
Ӣʦ㣡Ůңҹ룬ѹǰˣ
ҽڶĪЦǿվӣҹݲеûֻ̫һ˿ǿάѾߣĪЦþ˴ҵŮм䣺ܱһʱͷ
ֹ˽Ůӣˮ㣬¾ٽϮ˺ôӣȥǲ
ҪģܳȥûɣӾŭϽֵȴǰҲʹ
~~ĪЦһӣŮӱһ£Ѵֺ̽
֮ʣηŮǶǺȻŵӣӦͬ飡
ŮӴ󾪣ĵݲŽһգľŵı̴ˣǡ·⣿
ŮһзҹײĪЦۼһƿԼҹײ
ŮٶȻû뵽ӻһ˵μĪЦ滨ꡣ
СݣСôˣۿңˡСݡ
ĪЦ۾ôŬ޼£ͳҩ̷һţǼȫȴײ˲ë׵
~~һϹĪЦ̨ͻ۾ϹתƯĪЦǻһˣȻƿΣȻվ
ɨһȦҵս̶֣ǹһ˿Ц⡣
~~~貵Ĺą̂ɢƵķҹâ֣Ǹ׳Ƴһޱ䣬˺ȻѡڿеĪЦɢаȴʣ
˿棬޷Զǰ˵ƺҲ޷赲ͬ߸߲ԽĽ
зҹ׳Ƴ⾰̫죬ǰӪȵҵӼһĻ޲ȻʧɫȻɣȫûвʶģ˿̴ӽƾһ֮зҹݾô쵽ģ
׹Ӣ˿ҲתǿߵŮڼĪЦǱ˵ʱҲͬò
ַҹȺϹ⽥Ϊ޽֮ʱЩķҹȻϹ⾡ҷ𣬿вѪһƬɫȼ񷣡
ৡھϹգհٴ麣ӿĪЦ̨
һʱ쳣˶һĻƲʱһԽԽǿѹȸУȻͷӿ֡
ǣĪ޽ˣΧһȻɽ֮УɰǧҲֻйޡΣи߳޽Ҫͻյ£Σ˴Ρ֮ĶҪ𺳣޽ףǻǺεǿĴڣ
ڸ߿֮ȻҲ˼ĳѹ𺳣䵽֮䣬࿴˼ݣоɲ
ϵĽ٣԰ֻһȵڵҳɴ˻ΧΧ嫵ľŰһ𣬽˴ϲ񷡣
ĪЦһּ̧佫˳µ棬ͻȻѣôɫѿݣǺ⣿
ĪЦЦ̨ٶȱһĨ⻪漴ǹ⻪ԶֻϸС̨һֻǵʯ֮£ȻΪҲδϵݴʱѣ⧲֮ҲͬСһʹ˾ػԣʡ¡
ĪЦٶһЦಡһ֡
Ƶɽǰɽһ̨̤֮ϣŽյĹȻǵ֮ǰһμǸһŮӡδ˿䶯ģȻҲδִԹһŮӣŮֱ
ĳĿԿֹ
䡣ڿһ񷣬ʿһ䶯ǵ
ϲǰأɽǰһŮȴǱƽĺһ
ɽҲǿ󣬾ͱŲԶľ룬ɽ£Ըǰȥһ̽
ޱϲϸһĨЦѹ޽𣿴Ҳ֡
ΪΣɽкպĶϣû뵽ŮȫȻ˵ľܾ
תһĨ˵΢Ц˵Ļȴɽͷ̣ҿᣬ㲻㣿


32 
嫵֣ԶĪЦ֮Ҳ΢һ̣һ۵ɽǰ
ҹ֮ңӣƫƫö֮ɽһȴûаӦ
ôĵӣĪЦ˫һ䣬ų⣬յɽҹ磡
֮һĪĳɽײüѣɽеķҹ֮ƺܲסһĳ𣬷ɳɽ
һֻӴķҹ֮ߣ޴Ӳûж⣬ЩƤǣ¾צΰƴ˫͸һ֮
~~ҹ֮˻һƺ𵴼֣ⱰɵٻңΪᵽһߵϢ
ĪЦһЦüٶۣ¡
໣Ƿҹ֮˴̼ԭشȦٶ֮죬ֱؾһ磬ⲻܣ۲»ľֵУɵѾӡôŮӣǼŮӣ㲻㲻
ѷıкȻĪЦ˫֮ϣҹ֮޲ֻоһĪѹϯٲҷӴڵء
ӭۣ֪۴˼䣬Ϊ£
һ
Ǻ
ھ
ҹ֮ɫ󾪣˫ʡ
£Ҿǰ㾹һҪȡǺε
ˮĪҪΪûǿߴڣڴ˴ж꣬Ӧ֪Ŵδ޿Էա˷ףضܵѹɢ佫ھ跲ˣƼáľֵ񲢲̫ƽΪңҲ㡣һὫһһǳͶ߽ڣضһдͨˣɷھң
ҹ֮ɫ粻˶۾ĪЦֹٱ飺ǲ²٣ȴûд˵ϢôǿᣬӦһΪɣˣҲڽ˸已̥ӡ
ǲµʱ˫۱дʣǷҹ֮Ҳҵ޴צӻƲ񷣬ֱ¶ǧ컯֮һ仰ȡߣٲǸ߸ϵĺۣαظҳ磿֮ڣȷʵûнյޣȴҪǵһ
»ӵϣڵױԵøҫۡҹ֮Ȼ϶ԴŮвʵȴҲؼ飬ʹӭϲ±С
~~~ʮغϺİ쳹񷣬ҹ֮ͬ㱻µ棬Ӵһ׹棬ʱҳ˾޿ӡ
ҹǸ߽ޣս£ľֵ̿Ϊ֮ڷҪգǳ˵ΡҶ򲻹εֵ˺ȻȫڵɱҶһѪóңοûȤҡҡͷҪһ˴ޡ
δҲʡ͵ĵƣˤϻӴܣĶ㿪˲һ˺࣬Ŵ
³һĪЦеҩ̨û÷ҹ֮֡ҹ֮Ϣ֮һ̧ͷ㿴Ĳ£ʧɫæӴܡ
֮ʣŮߣͻȻѵһֱʵҹ֮˼룬Ƚٲ֮ǰһǱصıףѪףӴҲٴͣ
ΪĪ⣬ֺοҪСС޵ھ治󣬻֣Ը׷ң
²ɵӣƭٸһǱȵССҹ֮ҲǰҺ˵𣿣ղɱ㣬Һ㣡
Ů涯ɱģҹֻ֮ø翹ˮһս޴צͻر䳤ǿд߹ĵᾢҲžצ¡쫷Űεɳʯӿһɫһʱ΢ٶȻ
±ˣ˸ڿУдʣЩɬѶɢһʥĽ⣬ΧƺͿͣӳڷҹ֮۵ȴľ
ŵĵȺ㾹ᣡҷҹֻ֮ٵӣ۳֮ͨ·Ҫڴ˴⣬Ī⣿
㵹Щʶѹ˼䣬Ҳ޳֮¿еȫıһָʱ޾㣬ԴԴϵӿҹ֮Ƿҹ֮ƺ֪޿ɱܣȥ۾ǽ֡
˵Ҳ֣ʥĽһڷҹ֮ϣʱ˴ޣӴۿɼٶѸήͷûʣΪֻһŵɫھڽ֮ڣɢŶĿĹʡ
һھĪЦ̨֮ڡ~ϹһèĲ±ĪЦ̨߼ѵɫѿ֮
ոշ£ֻ·ԼģֻɴŮڲŲ¼ƣȴĪЦٶΪΪĸо
㣬ɱҵġ
һһãĪЦ䲻ôһ䣬ǲ˦˦ƯĵɫβͣɢڵϣĿԻϷʡĪЦۼһ۱鵽βͣٶȡ⡱һ˯ƺֽࡣ
¡һЦƤëһȴĪЦһֵϼĸоԽסŮ¾սߣҪʰҲ練ơ
ʰҹ֮˷ŵĵȺ΢ķԣȻаͻƵɻľأ˸ˡܴһã˵Ҳɱ㡣ǡ
βͻȻ䳤ĪЦʱһǣʮֶӵݣٴαѪ죬Ҳ̶á
Ҳ㵱ңҲΪ㣬ЩͬţĨȥ˼䣬֪֮£ҲǸϴƾؼ֮ʱ޷ΪлɳˣȻҲ޷ý֮ˡںȻУӵ˶һһЩķ̷ھҪ˯һڴڼ䣬⣬ȻҲҹ֮飡
֪ôͬһ壬㻹µȥ֡ҪЮζʵܣĪЦֻҪЮˣȴܺٶתЩζ
ҲһϣǼ֮ǰʲôҶµȥ֡ƶĴһҲĪЦûףСС
Σգһᾡ㣬Զ㣬Ϊ̫ߣҵס
вû춯ĪЦȥͷϺ飬̾һǣһٶȷŻشУ巵֡ʣ˰ڣϤڵϣԲѡ
ĪЦҵ˲ΣҲͷġбӵڵװΡ


33 
ĪЦ뿪ֲãһǰһӰܵ˷ҹ֮֮ءȻɽ
㲻˵𣿡
ʲô£Ц̣ͻ˵Ļȴɽβѡ
û۾һɫһĨ֮ɫɽæܿʲô𣿡
ſյӣαչأȻɸһ֮ȻȻɸһУȻҲӰ졣ҹ֮²⣬ڤڤеעҲ룬˿֮Уǻ˲˵ħŵĴܣΪ
ɽͷһþԡ
ȻɸԴһ壬Ӧ׷ƷʱСҵĴѶѾ֤ʵǴϣԴ˶֪֮١ֻǸҵӣȻܲµôࣿ
ԴŮĳĪɽԸţʲô֮ŮԼҲϡܾɲ⣬ǰǸоһȣ޷ӲŮһۣͷƤ飬мɵڻȡ
Լüͷ΢壬٩Ǳʦ֣ѵι𣿡
ɽγѣ뵽һɵӣ̨Ӷȥ
ĪЦ̫ˣƣ·ͷɢ˼ӣװβһ̣ϡͿ˯ˡ˯̫ͷͣ֫
ǿۣӳıǲξϲ˫
ˣ
һĪЦžʹԴãȻĹˣô⣿
Ǳʦȣ˶ˣֻ㡭ҵй¶ߡ
˯˶ã
Ѿˡ
˫һɻŨǹ֮ɫ뵽չǰΪԼģĪЦһů
Ůţδܹ࣬ȴΪݲϧˣ꣬ʵѵáǰԼųжн٣ǲǱͻȻŵѰӦѣԼˡŮסͨռһ涼ѣŮȴգҲ֪Ҫٷ顣ҲҿڣԼݲûб¶
˼ˣĪЦ֣л˭һľٶȴòɫ԰ף촽
Сݣδǲʲôᷳˣ
ĪЦһʱԣʵ޷ݣһ˵
Ůദ֮Ϊ죬ֲܹ˵ӲӡĪЦݣȻܸǰЩò˵
ҽţӦһб룬Ҳһ
˵һΪҾã룬ƴǰǡҶѾˣӦΪ׽Ŷԡ²֪ĭҪ̹϶
ĪЦһͷЩΡŮǶ֣֮ȫԼӽɫ
֪ŴŮÿΧɷתӶ鰮ҳ̣ǶѾšֻںЩպ㣿ζ˵޷Ӧ꣬ҲԼˡĪЦԼάжЩǡ
֮˵ţ㻹ֻ֮ʦãзޣ
û˵꣬ξͲŵĵɴ۾Ҳ˵ҲǷˣ
ĪЦͷʵû
ݣͻȻֱͦŭ𣬡ȢңǱһһҵˣôΪűҪǵĹϵ
ĪЦȻһ䡰ҵˡһڡ˵ʵûϲˣҲûϲŮˣԸ鱾̫ס
ţϦǲῼ¡Ψн⣬ʸȥġÿֻз£ſǴɡϧǸִֵӣҪ㣿
ĪЦ˼룬ΪԼѹһĻԣΣѾšƸӣвù㡣һ죬ǶɴԵ
˻һΰصͷĻҼסˣ˺ұŬȡ
ĪЦŷģ˵˼仰һͬš
Ӿ˲ͣ˯һĪЦʱϲüҡ
ʦ֣ˣٲѣСϱפˣӾһƤЦĪЦϸˣһ㶣˾
˰ֻâҶ˳࣬Ҳողƺ֮żʦ㣬Ȼһͻɻʦ㶼Ŀ࿴˵Ե˵ã
ճӻһڣĪЦ˲µŮȻλϺţȴҪԼԶΪж֮
ĪЦǲµĻ˼ǰ󣬾ʱû쳣Ȼƽͷ԰
̫ձ㲻ޡ
˻һ˽һЦ
СݣɻܵӣѾΪԺӣκֻӣٶв
ĪЦһ㶣ԭΪҪڼӻãȴ˸ϲ˼һӾ˵ǵĹѫ㻹ж٣Ǳˣԭ˭Ҳ֪
ĪЦĬͷԼóȻдŰʮʮͣʮˡܹɻʮѫ㣬ֻʮҲ㲻̰
λҶʮҪȥκӡ
㶼ѾԺˣǹƵļһӾȣճȴԼʮѫֱ͸
ʦ־ȥԺÿ¶ʮѫ죬ʱֻæơ˵ʦ֮ȥһˣϢȥɡ
ĪЦͷֵʹ˱


34 
ĪЦûֱȥϴͲλŮᡣ
ԶԶģЩδϨĵƻŮȺǡôĵƹ⽫ӴһƬ͸˼̻
ĪЦһۣԲεˣûˣЩȥĪ˽
еĿ⣬뵽ȥԺѣӿֲᡣʵ·ƿһӣչ¶ʵꡣ
ػĵŮ˺ܶࡣЩǰϸϸڣԺﲻϻطţݵһһһһЦϲԴõ
쿪˫ۻסˮһһ
СݣҪңºһͨ˫ȥԺ㡣㲻Ů׽ҲУ
δ´ŮĪЦ̾Ϣȴûƿ
СЩĪЦһδ뿪
γճյĿ˿üۡ˫ӡ촽ǳªޱȵ˰̣һһϡǵõĽ˰ԴһɼȵĻں޺͸жȻȷʵŵˣɵһӵ뷨ȴǣòڣܵ
ֻЩȥͣټʱûп˿ǷήңûпԼ㹻ˡ
һĲᣬƶԼĸ飬ݲ֪ǰ򵥡֪⣬Ҳܷ֡
ҹ΢ĪЦоůһţѿտҲԭأŲԶӰһʱ޴롣
ڼŮӽҲ޲ףǰҲȤζͷףҪõĽҲ֣ⲻѰ˷ͻȻףһ˿΢ĸо
֪ζ꣬Զ׽ΪУŲָо
ĪЦü˼ʶߡһֻ֪Ӻζ֣סߡ
ĪЦѣæһ´ˡһȫ覴õֶǵ˫峺ӣ·̺Ѥǹ⣬һƫƫ绪ļˣһλۡ
Ѿ൱񣬿ȻˣҲ˿ûиоŮӳֵϢвɾ
㣬ĪЦãſʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷΨһһԼֺϡʦ㡱ֵĺ󱲣Լû˿ػǾޣȫ⵹ǸȤĺ
ĪЦһתù˳֪ʦҺ£
ֻǴɾһѷֵŮеѡ΢΢һЦת֮̽
Ȼˣȥʦǰҹ
ĪЦһݣ᷽ȥϺٶȴĺȻǴҹͬΣ
ĪЦٶȹһݣȻܾʦˣұòʶ̧٣κν岻ʣ£
ϵ΢Ц΢΢ЩӲҪ֪δĸͬҹɫ˭֪һλܾĳף֪ÿ޸Ц
ֻ˵Ůһô첻ʣĪҲУ
ĪЦɫŹ֣ĵŮˣ˵Ůӣˣ˻Կ
ûУ
ĪЦ˰첻֪λشǸɰͰ͵ĵôһ仰˹ЦֵĲɿ֧ԼſЦ˲ſڵľͷ̫˼ˣѹǲνŻ
Թ˰죬ѵõĲЦˣȻȥɣŮвֺãٽӴΪ
ĪЦ뵽ԼȻһ·ĵѣʱĻλ֮ѾŮӶʼ֮ĽӸ࣬δδؾͱԼá
лʦѣ
Ҫȥƹ㣬ٶȿڣĽ̵ʲҲӰɣ
ⲻ֪ʣĪЦ޷Էʲô˼ֻӦһ䡰ǡǳò˵ĪЦٶһݣȥ֪Ůֿˣ㵹Ƕ飡
ͬŵӣ˶ѡ
һЦÿɷ񣺡˻жԣǺȻʷһɻΪˡҲûûĸԵ
ĪЦ˶аŮضǺɻȥԽתɻ֮İڰ֣߰ɡ
ˣĪЦɶͷԣһȭ޻ϵĸоȴҲͣ󲽳ǰصᡣ
ĪЦӰȥЦ£ĺˣųΨһɻߡܰչ˴ӣΪο͸
磬ĪЦǱӾˣ·ֻǰκᡣ
ͬ˼䣬֮ĪЦסǼҪࡣĪЦûűŶ룬гκӻ˯ѾװĪЦͻȻ룬˶Ǵʧɫ
ݣ
κӾҲ˯ˣܵĪЦǰһžĵͷԭʦֹٺᣬκʧԶӭʧԶӭ
ĪЦһƵݸҪһٹѫڴ˴ԼãԶ֣
ʦĵĻκֻʦֿЦ˲С˹ο൱ţΪԺӣ̷ʶȼӿ͵ģʦĪҪˣĪҪ˰
ĪЦκˣкЦҲֱߵ齣һһٹѫ˴ͷ֮ڡ
Ҵ˵ȻӦһٹѫǱһҪЩѫģҪҪԼŰ죡
κﻹƴǣһģٰ㹧ӭʦ˵ǣκӸж㣬ǴʦкηԸκһǣҪСҲһüͷ
ĪЦĬһ󣬵˵ڼеλĸߣȴ֪˺̶ֳȣ
κӲţг˼ޱŮҲһ˿Գ
ŶĪЦһЦ˼ޱǷǹŮӵͷͷ


35 
ǣƽеŮӾˮˮ𾢶κӾ
κȻǸСˣȴǸ侫ˣĪЦʻѾҪи£æŵʦִȥԺɷģκڣû˸Ҷλˡ
ĪЦġšһĵʵǷȴס߲ӱĹǲȻ֪˻úֶάŮӦòԼǰ䡣
Ժϣֹ̤һߣҲҪ²ܼκḶ̌չˣߵĲġ
ֽ˼䣬ĪЦȥ˴ϡ
ҾĵģϺɽ濴ŹվĪЦ䣬Ҫ
ݣʵʵ˵ָԵƽ׽ɻɻߣ֮٣ȻżҲһҲ޹ֺһ̽
ĪЦɫģѾõĸȫ̵Ҳ֪λʦޣ죬ʵ棬׳ŵǰȥһֻ̽ޣλʦƴУԺһεԺ֮¡ļǲã
ɫ֮Ҳǲãݿϣ˵ҲȴǻûһõŵϢɺеؼʱڣΪ޷ǲ֪˭лɳˣ˿ӡ
ӣҲȥ̽ѣ
ɽһֱɫ࣬˷ǳĪЦŭˤӣΪ侲ţײӣҪͷҲҪº˫ԡοǿƣܷʤǸ⣬ҲʢռϷ磬һЩԵٲ֮£㲻Ҫȥˡ룬ʱȷʵǳ嶯ˡ
νŵӾ͸ȻŷˣµӶĪЦԲα
ϺһЦ˵ϧˣ˵ȻԵ˿ɵãΪҺȻ֮뵽ʲôңҿŴ㷨
ӲĲģ
ĪЦû˿ԥһҧΪȻŵӣȻԲѡɺҲΪʦףǲõշ֮£ʦð칦ѫλ
϶ٶȳĬ⻰˵ҲǺһȥӲʩûܴӴӿ׳ʲôúȻųϣҲΪֻԺ·ƣȥ
ǣŶã͸úɽһ´ңĪЦһߣɽ߷߲ƽ
һЦ˲ȴܻҿδȫȻ顣Ǹӣʲô½Ūƣ֮ͻ˼ޣûʿڻͨŵõɻ
⻰˵ɽвϸֺɣһ˦ۣѰȥҲ
·һ·ָĪЦҵԺλĵӽ·ϸ鿴ȷԺ֮š
صһĪЦɾȻ¥̨߸鲼ܣңңȥ޾ͷĴ֮Ϳ֮ϣ౻Ƶĵƶ串ǣϵ£һ͸¶źãɼɡ
ȻԺϺȻŵӣ֮˵ؼֱر𡣡
ΪѾ㹻Ժ֪ʲô
ĪЦһ߸̾һùָ·ƣһλӲ˴š
ʦܣݸڴ·࣬ĵ䡣һճ裬ɻȥԺĪҪߴ
ĪЦİлӽһ޴ǰ뿪ˡ
Уһλ˰Ʋ޽·˸ӸԺճ裬ҺȻ޹º˫ԣҲôŹʡ
Цݿ䣬ĪЦҲֵõлֻǰȴΪȻӶʱܴﵽ޷ǽԼִѧкɻ񣬿ԺеɼҹɻҲ±ܽҵӡ
߳ĪЦݸ˾ӡΪ˫㣬¥µĴѾռãĪЦ¥Ӷϣ˿
ڵԺˣڿɷˡмҲžȲĽַĴ򿪣һڸʲǰ
һ棬һƿҩһԺװӡһ顰ȻһơԺ¼
ĪЦȷ¼ڼԺӸֹԼճΣбξȻķûæϸϸĽ¼һ飬еЩˣŷ²ӣƿеҩһ
ⵤҩ¼Ѿ̸Ǳٹ裬ںдɷӪһſ԰²ԷСƿнĪЦϧĽһ´ű
ѽԱȵıʵҪã䲻ڴëϷҲһѲıСֽǰһΪĪЦ룬ٸһˬ·ոԡɢµϢ༸ֱΪݷͨ
üԷų棬ز٣ݷУѸٶӣһʹÿάϵӵϢȫȴȸߵԱ⣻֮ͨͨã˷ϣڻȻУʡȴ޵鷳
ĿܵĪЦһЦպã򿪺Ȼϸ
ԼĪаʱĪЦصĺϲӣһ̾ԭ⹦ҲŮ
Ȼŵз򣬷ŮӶգŮӶᡣ֮ȫͬĪЦΪݽɣòֻ֮ⴿŮˣ̸֮ףŮҲ˵п裬ǲᣬŮܻ޵ǿսľ
ţһҪһ֮߻ħǵᱩ¶ݣɡҪȡ᣿
ĪЦ˼ãǰղԽСϾŲף֪ѶˣһΪθģ
ֻĪҪźáĪЦ⣬ϥһףֱͣ±ǡ


36 
еǣķշ޾ãϢĬ̨֮𵭵̣޵ʼڣĪЦɾ֮ڣƮȻɡ
ԭ΢ŨĪЦĸԽеԽ졣̰֮ļȡ׳Ｋޣֻ±΢
˷ĪЦһƣ۾һɲǣǵƻͨҹ۹֮ϸ΢ɼ
ĪЦ´ƮƮ·ԼģˬĸоδйһȻΪһĸоĪЦȻкȻȻпеĵأ
֪⹦ʲôزĪЦ룬ϴתǴЩƬ̺ƽĪЦһʧ䣬ɻӣһ죬Ծûͻȡ֮ż
ȻԺеĹںа˲㾳磬ֱΪȡСǡΡաѳ顣ȡ֮˼壬Ǹȡ֮⣬мԦ֮ܣֻҪתȻԭȡ֮ֻײĵȼԸĪЦ˵ɣҲֻȡ߾СƷ
ֿɵõƷ޷ȡߣ㲻ǺȻ㣬вˡĪЦɥ飬ĵȻû߻ħǱѧνȷɣгɹա
ʱһһιȥӺҹִҹգ֮ʣѹ£ĪЦͬʯϥ״򲻶
ͻȻ䣬ƽĻ汻Ȼƣеʼ궯΢ĹâĪЦɢЩâһ΢ɣÿһΣâϼ֣΢ǳһһҹֱһ󲻺ʱ˵ġ𣬹âŻع鵽ĪЦڡߣҲͬʱ۾
һ󼢶ĪЦСƿһűٹ裬˳˼
˰£ѾԿʼΪãԸоǹɺȻ׳󣬿ÿһ֮󣬶һ飬Ȼڴ˿ȥ󲿷һֱδиı䣬ɵĽǡÿһηѾ׳ĺȻ˶Ĵ
֮Ů֮Ůǿ׳ܿʶŮУֻܿĺȻֲ֮Ȼֻʺӡ
ĪЦǿ׳ҲռƵӣ˷򣬷аȡ֮ʣǵǻ߻ħδ״ǱһЩˡ
ɻ²Ŵﵽȡľأ֮ȫ֮
ԴˣĪЦļֻҪнǺ¡ȡ֮ѾﵽĪЦ֣´ٶȶԴʩչ˺Ȼ
~һССĻȣСĪЦϲֽڸԶط˷ĲԣȷĿǰȡľ롣
Ȼֻ֮ңȴǶõĹĪЦûм֮ٶϥȡ֮
ԺӺڶֺ֮࣬٣ÿһ˫ԣܽߣ֮١һҵӣɵԺͬն
ԺΪһżûнй̣ǿȥѧϰһؾ磬һȥӶǽҽңûдΣպעٻĪЦĵֻƾһִ϶Ů֮֮ΪգΨϼӹ̲ġ
̡̣ĪЦֻʣ֣ϻ֮ƾųԺй̡
֪˶ãĪЦɱĶƤʼ¡¡죬ֺͬĺȻӷ磬ڤڤƺһĪЦ͵ۣҲƵıȻɣĪЦڣ裬ת
һ˲䣬ֻһ˲䣬ĪЦļ㯣ͳͳʧȡ֮ȫĵˬŲأӹһˬġǡ
~
һΣĪЦƱ˷䣬Ц񲣬˵˴֮ϡ
ǰ£һ͵ʱĥصסڽȡ֮дԲֱӽ˷֮
ĪЦٶȡÿµıٹʱǼ̰ĳЦݿɨһۣƲһ̣Цѫƴʮѫֽűٹ
ݰϸͷеʮѫԣ㣬ս̨ͨƣϢ
ȳϿҵЦĪЦУǱǳͷβļЦݡӹǿƴӣ룬ֻ˻ȥĿǰֻ밲϶ҵպ裬ֱȡ߼ǣ˿ȨТϵġ
ΣϢ̫٣ǱһЩ鵤й̺Ȼ֮ãպѣܿڡ
ǳ΢΢һЦҪҩ͸ĪЦ߸æƴǣӺεºܸܴ˶ĪҪˣɷˣ
ǳϼѭգ鵤䲻ƷÿҲʮѫ׵õ㻹Ҫ̫ҵӣ
˵ϣĪЦҲÿھܾˣֻͨƺ͵ҩлΣȥ
ϵЦݶȥıӰ˼
һڲſƷ֮ʵй˼ȻɻֽУպгͷ֮աҲѹ֣̫ԭСҲῪչ


37 
ȥ·ϣ·һ֮أĪЦפͣһǻս̨
ս̨ԺϵĻս֮أΪ˫е񾺼ʡһЩϲдĵӻ˵ضս䣬֮ǰѹϹ׵עӮ߷ȡԺϵӶԣ˵õ׬Ǯ֮
ĪЦûȤ˱ƴ϶Լ̫ͣȥҲǶۣԽͨƷ봢Уصݸ
һ¥ھӻϻ˯ֻܿıӰĪЦδھΪ棬ֻǴһֱδѣҲô
ص¥ϣĪЦٶȻо֮ҪȻУԴﵽľءĪЦоƬ̣鵤ͱٹһţٸһů
ĪЦ̾ҩ֮Ч֮пʼСڷ֮еؾΪƣεûжѹ򡣶̶죬鵤̵ӣĪЦѾ֮޳ɴԲ
⣬δֹͣٶǿĺȻЩܿƣĪЦһѹƣǹǿǵûܵ谭ӿٶȣбͷĪЦһҧ鵤ٶȷһţ׳ǿĺȻƺ⣬һʱƽ˾
ĪЦȥ亹˿һɻǿںֱײĪЦһȣԵڴһ˫۾ѪˣһȻͷԺи֡߻ħ
ҲŲҪôƽ޹ʵȥһûлصִһṳ̂ɰ࡭ĪЦҧ֣鼱֮ºȻ뵽˸⡪ںȻܣҺβǿᣬͻ֮ĪЦȭͷһ߬һԵʼ
ĺȻͳ⣬ɿе֮ǿ᲻ֹʮɵٶҲࡣĪЦͬɮ״򲻶һȻջڣһַųһһɣȻֹ˰¡
ԽԽĹâҫƽҹɫȫÿ״ŵϢһƬҫ۵Ĺâ˵ʲôɫȴ˶ǵ
ϥŮӣķ˿ڿƮյ˫ûһ˿׵ļڹâ֮ڣûϿֲ֮ˣǸȾӡ
~~ҫ֮ĹâѸٻع鱾壬ĪЦĵ˫ͫ΢΢һЦչذ£߻ħǿȻһԲǡżһſ֮Ȼ֮δ޳ɴԲĳɼѪڡչһ£ſͻȡ֮Ѿ㣬ȥǿֻ˰£ͻͽɾأٶȣ˷ܣ
·ҵһſķţĪЦͻȻż߻ħһҲ˵֮ǣɹ֮޴ҲЩĶ
֮ɿǣ̲ޱ֮ˣȾأҲᱻȻϴӣӵз˲ǻ֮ۡǿ׳ǣʹѷˣɽ֮ǷеĽףɴԲɶʱڲС֮ĪЦѾƾȻڰлС
ϰʱһűٹ裬˷Ų߳ݸ¥µھӻ˯ĪЦҡͷҲȥǡ
ս̨һ֮£ˣȫֵĵطĪЦʾͨƣԺӻսĳءĳӻӺī緢Ҳ䳡϶֮ڶ
ĪЦѧ䳡̨¹ս࣬ĪЦǿȺѺעĴӡ
ӺܳŮͨŮɼˣ䵥ӱϡƽһ˵ЦġĪЦգŮӶ˵ĳӣӦĹᵽ֮ǰеӶŮӲֵϡ
еŮӷںδ֮ĸˣ޹⵽񣬳еҲֻϧ˾ŮˣҲһǳӵķΧĪЦֱЦá
ǼŮɵŻĪЦǰ棬
ǰǸݡ
ǺȻĸ֪ţҲ湻ڵģ
˵ٷ磬εĺܣĳа~
СӶԴ˵˶ˣ
ȥģ˵ɻܹаˣǶպյˣһձͻƺ֮Ժһ£̤֮ٶȣ㲻ס뵱̫ԭʦǵţҲ²Ž֮ء
˵㲻ģôΰˣ
ǱȡЦŮɫһ죬˵ˡĪЦ̫ǿһ˸ȫ棬εĻͷһźӲӵϽعͷȥ
湻ɰģǰܿˣŮЦҲ˰˶ȣŵΧƵƵעĿ񣬶ǱȡЦŮĿȴЩȻ
ǰֱ̫ˡŮķһֺ˼֡
ĪЦֱЦãŮ󵨣һƻ˵˴ҲǺ磿
ֵĪЦʱɫѾЩ΢ڡע̱϶˶ֱĲӣޱĪЦѫƣ֮ĵӣһһٹѫ
ĪЦһ㶣һ֪ĹءտӦԽ߲εעԽֻ࣬ɷַʮѫʮУһĶǰˡĪЦЩεûƣҪתȥϺһỽסĽŲ
ʦܿǹѫЩ࣬ȥðɡ
ĪЦͷЩεˣǸոձȡЦŮӡŮΪݵ渶һ¶˼֮ɫŮҲ˲Ŀ⣬ʮѫֱӴĪЦѫС
ĪЦϵġһ١˼תȡ˵ĺô¾˫ֻа£δԵʹɷȷʵʶһ¡֮ǶŮһ֣лʦ㿶ңðʦ䣬и࣬ŷ
ŮƲƲ죬ĵݱضԱ񣬴ŮԺŮҲԵ׽֮˴Ծܾ׽еѯҲӲ棬һ˹֡Ϊθѫ֮¡ŮҲ϶ǴŮһʱѡ
˴۾Ů΢΢һЦȻɵĵԼҽ֫há
ĪЦٴΰлȥ̱ѹ˶עվ䳡¹ۿ
֫h֮ջĿ⣬δȥŮɫǺͨ͸
ǿҸͬţҰҲȻ
㿴ҲȻʦãǰôûİĸеӣ
ûУֻǡֻǡ֫háֻǡ˰첻˵ˣɨڰһۣƵȥѺѫ
ŮˣһЦ


38 
ֵĪЦĶѾҹˡս̨ܽԱϡҹΧƣҹ硣
ĪЦսˣҲ֮Ϣۺ̶ȣӦǱԼǿһء˶֮󣬱㿪ʼ䡣
ĪЦıǰӵıǹѫҪĺϼʣʱһϮ
ӽУйϴҪĪЦȻУÿζնȴӲֻˣϢЩ꣬ӽӿƵʡ
ĪЦɸŶèè磬һµĳɹӵ쾡£ϸϸӽо裬ŲæĶŬϰյİ塣
ĪЦŶս̨µĹȴ
˵Ҳ֮ˣôң׷Ҳ֣⶷仹ʲô˼ȥĳЩ
ݴСŹˣ϶û˭֣ι֪ôаɡ
ʦܳȷϲĵְӣ湻ùġ

̨ƺӲͣסǰȻ壬ڱ֮ϡ
죬ĪЦϸӵʽҲӰ㣬Ȼű֮ϣһУҲѧ̬С֮ĪЦ˰벽ȴ
һޱЩȣһϢǿӦǿ޳մԲ֮ķյС˺ü
ΧһӶȻ㣬Ӱ죬ŭ𣺡ݣҲҲٶƴһжӮ
ĪЦüǰѧϰģôķҪƴһأΧ壬̾һĵǲУȻᱻӸףһ˵зȥоɡ
ݹ
䣬ڿնͿջУգۼתĪЦۿһҪĪЦͷһƫպö˿ûմϣһǿĺȻˣմ磡
һæսĪЦ׼ʱͿջ߳һţģƲµڵأӱˤѪ
㣡ŭҲ˱ѪֹһŵҩٶȻӽϡ
ˣʽҲ·ĪЦ̾Ϣڴѧ㶫ǲܣֻо콫һԡ
飬ĪЦ۽ӥһɸߣӻδӦһס֮ϡ
̿ˮ´ܶʱһʹ֮ͬƴȡʤϱΪ߳Щܴڱصãû뵽ɡ
ĪЦȥһȭлʦǫã
ңƺһ̨ȥΧĵģЩҵ˽Ǳ˿ڣԡʤĿ⾪ȵĿ̨
ûһǲսʤ֮ţĪЦȻⳡ̴ɣ̬ɳڡѧղأҲĪЦ侲Լߵԭ򡣺οһѵиսľ飬
ĪЦջӮõĹѫͷ֫hãȴ䳡ƵĵͷĪЦ΢΢һЦĵŮĳԽύԺĿףˣҲиշǲκĽԺҲɰ֫hùһ
մպò׵ȺΣ֫hѾͶֿʼ򶷡
֫hõǶ˫У֮ذҲ٣У㣬ʺŮʹáĪЦ뵽ԼıִʹõĶǹżҲذ׻ƵķڣóȴǴ˳ֻ֣Ǿز̫ߵˣǿһģҲΪȱʧܹѫȥѳֵıˡ
˼֮ʣ֫h̤һسһܣ͵ķų˫Уǫִ֮̃죬֮ͣĪЦδܿȫ
ĪЦ̾Ļոճġ
֫h̨ĪЦ첽˹ȥ˵һٹѫڴŮϡ
֫hȻһһۣ㣬㻹ġο
ĪЦҡͷӣʦЦˡʮѫȻ࣬͵ҽùѫϢʦ㲻Ҫƴǡ
֫h΢΢һЦ毺õݣ۾ΧеӽĿ
ʦܻҪڴ˶𣿡
ĪЦ룬ʵʦɷ˵أ
֫hϸһĨΣݣʵҲһʱ𡣼ǰòʵڿΣͬ飬ʹȥæʱĿƣʮУ뵽Щ׵ſһʱЩҧǲҪ˵ʲô
ĪЦûоܾ˼˿򵥵ġšһŮ˵˾ˣֻĪЦ鰮֮²ϣֲŮôˣԴӲС¡
Թ֮˽Ǿ°ͣ޳ܡ֫húôǸŮ˭׷ǱϹϾһɡ˹ֵãֱӾǣ
ĪЦδףֻ֫h÷ڣ;мֻܼӴȣŲɿ졣
ƫƧĪЦɿ֣һݣʦ㣬ҵһμ棬ݿð֮¡̫̣̫ͨνõʧݶύʦ㣬ʦؿǡ
֫h˶ˣҲ£аͽᣬɴû˽ύ˵Դǣֱףƫƫ㻹㷴С
ݰݣ˵ֱϿأ˵ɵĿɰ֫hΣԴ˺øȴ˼֡
̹̹ľӣܺù۸Сˡ
˼֮ʣ֫hõ˵ͷЦôرˣȻύ񡣡
ǴӦˣĪЦ⣬һЦҹʦոҪȥһ·Σ
֫hҲƴǣǰ·˱ؾصںţЩ׷߶ҲЩη߶ķС֫høոǣĽҲ֮ȥֻҲ˵ǰ㲻
֪ѾŮݸķֽӣһ·޻ȴûκ衣֫höסŲͷĪЦһЦιӣʲôĿңֻҪҵ־ˡ
һСɵĽᣬͮͮɷǺÿĪЦһ̧ۼ䷢ѾԶ뿪


39 
ĪЦصݸ󣬽ϵͳܽһźȻ˫ֻа£ȻָһɾңʶһµܸС
ĪЦҵУκ£һһ첻֪ƣתۼʮա
һ죬˫Աӣ׳־ĵӿһУȻ֫há
һȦأûмǵӰ֫hЩΡվ˼ǸĻ̹ľӣҲ֪ôͳһ£ͬĽһݡ
ⷨȻأһŮӼô͸ֶȺ֪ˣˣʮ첻ӰһŮҪҪǽᣬҲǰ㲻ֵܵסɣ
ӣѵ֪Ҫ
֫hһ㶣ĵǴԵͷԵģ֪ҲԼҪҪһ
ΧƵļŮӼ겻ᣬֿʼ˴ȤʦǲɣȲ˫Ҳˣ
֫hεķ˸ۣݾеĽ٣Դ⵽ڰŵΧûûҹ˵ͷƤĻأֻǾôڲͬİһѣֿϿӣľܾ˵ˣһԼ֣ûѿʵ⣬ͻݸǺܾܾ
֫hòֺˣڰΧζʵܣߺһ뿪˳أתŮеݸ
ȥеݸ󣬲ûŮݸǰϸ֫hתתǲȷסںδû˰취ֻýһɺȻעкɫСᡣ
~ĪЦתǽ᲻֪ĸڰգƤǰơĪЦץסǽֺƿЦ˳ȥ
ĪǸҴ·ĪЦپ棬˹ȥ
֫h޴߶ɫСᣬȴ˰Ҳû˳ļֿ֮ʼԹӣһô˷Ѿ˵Ҫύңѱϣ
ĪЦŸϵ֫hǰһ״ԼĪ
ʦʲôĵ£кηԸ
Ͳģ֫hСƢһתˡ
ĪЦ޴룬ԼҲû˰ĳǼˣɺȴûʲô顣
ǰ൹ʱŤһ죬˾ԶתԼˡ֫hñϾ࣬ĪЦһʱе£ԭز֪Ǻá
֫hõ˰Ҳ˺壬߳ŭŭɶһˣ˼־˹ֿģͷҲصĵ˫ԱͿȥս̨
֫hߵ̫죬ĪЦлҲνɫС䣬ս̨
ս̨ڣɽ˺ĪЦͬĽָܿҵ֫hڣһ۵ҲޡĪЦ޿κΣֻȥʵʵŶӡ
֫hÿĪЦȻȥӸķ˫۱ǰֲǰЩ޷ĲУвϲݸˣ
СڳˣһüëؿĪЦ֫hãŶǽЦ첲֫hãͷܴλͣСڶҪʦУ˵˵ͣ룺˾͸úúùܹܣŤȥɣҪ㣬ʦҪ~ĺüԣǰ첻˵Ҫ˫˫żͱģʦñǸʦ~塭
ڰ࣬Խ˵Խף֫hüֱ֮߼嵽˴βľͷ֮
ڰȥˣ
֫hýŵһˤ
ĪЦ֫hɫһֱƣСžҲڴ˿̵
Ůһ֪ԵĺãΧڶŮӣһһǿᣬǰ֮ˣҲܽʶ˶ǿߣҲǸСջ
ĪЦ룬֫hõʦ㣬Ϊ˺ֵز
֫h죬ĵһ仰ΪǸͷβ
ѳ
ĪЦһŮѾѳ֮߼λŮӱϢǿᣬѵȫ֮ɣ
֫h͵͵һ˴Цˡ
ӣộ֮꣬ŵѳ֮۽֮죬Ժоûгġ
֫hĳĿ佱ĪЦ΢ЦȴúֶνŮ֮׳ǰİ֫hãεĿ۳קקĪЦ½ǣҲɣʡʱȥУȻŵ
ĪЦ֫h󣬶ٸһ޵ĿɨԴˣƤǽ˿Ϊ
ֵ֫hõ˱ݵҲȥĪЦҪлӭһˡ
̫ԭ
֫hһҲÿһ߱Ҫӵֻ࣬Щ֫hߵİʵֻ࣬ĪЦڵľͬˣеУʵҲС
̫ԭĪЦһϵԼ˵û뵽Ȼء٣ݺϣǱǿҲûôѿġУһ£˾ʹﵽ֮ǿԼ£鵤ҩͽʦֳָĳɹݣƧԺ˵Ҳ㲻ţȻôʱ䵽֮
еĽһα򷭣̫ԭɫȭͷ߬һԺƾŹ˲ŻΪԺףСһԺ㽫е˹ȥԼôŬվǵڶһΣĵţ̿Уͷ᲻ỹǱں棿
ƽ⣬ȵĲƽ⣡ˣӦĿΪҪʱʱ̱̤̿ڽ£ĪݾĿǣ
ĪЦɫԽĵáһһ֮ˣһΪҲԼ֮ϣ֫höҪߣѵǼԼʵͻͽɱĲɣ
ĪЦΣʶȳ˶ǿ̫ԭѸٺһ֫hߡ
ƺܵյѹȣ֫hԴݸһЦ̫ԭ̫ԭʦh𣿲ִ֪ʲôң
֫hͬڼСõģ̫ԭҲðЦ˵̫ԭˣαʦʦô裬żȻ֮裬ʺŮӷã뼸λ÷˰ɡ
֫hýӹСƿʮŴаɫεҩ裬ɫʱ˷
ⵤҩѫ㶼һܻ֪̫ԭõģ
⻹Ҫллء̫ԭɫĪɨһĪЦ÷ҪҺúչѡЩҩŵĵҩұѡ͸㡣
÷֫hһ㶣뵽Ȣӣ˸÷ĪԵҩ˷Ҳһ롣


40 
ҩҵܰʱڻԣһΡҸոճأҩ͸ˡ̫ԭüͷһǣôϵģ
֫hŬŬ죬һĪЦϵģ
ˣ̫ԭüͷĸϵģô翴ۣά
Щ֫hϴҡ̫ԭĸ첲ҶˣҲҪʾһ̫ԭ~~~
ей飬ĪЦתͷ̫ԭһݡ֫hʹ˸ɫ
Ҫʦ̸̸߰ɡ
֫hõĵĿĪЦ룬ǸŮˡ
ĪЦü˳۵վԭأ͸⡣̫ԭֱֻŬѹеķߺޡ
ݣԼΣ
ĪЦ̧ͷ΢΢һ㶣˵
֪ѾλӣǱ㲻Ҫٸhþɰ֪㲻֮;պ˫ԣҪӽԹ̨ϼ£ӮˣhãӮˣҲٶԡ㿴Σ
ĪЦϸ˿ȻӣΪΡύ֫hѹûǷ룬̫ԭʹߣ
hʦ㲢ʦ룬Ȼʦ˸ϰһԵΪ֮
̫ԭ˿ȡƿҩݸĪЦܰҸġƿǷ鵤ʮţһŶû˽̣ռܰԻס̫ԭ£ǹ˽˽ȻܰĺôԺȻչ㣬۸㣬ɴҵ¡֮ԼҪëh֪ӺһԾŶԸе
Ȼ
̫ԭλʦԶߣĪЦƿҩźã˼ǧذתյһμ̫ԭ֮ʣΪĿǳ˽֮ˣտȴԼˡ
ƺΪ䣬ԼҲ֤˺ҩԼ˽̣ȴ֮չƵȻŵӣо֮硣
Ҳѹ֣Ժķˮ𡭡ϧϧˡٶط꣬ĪЦ̫ԭĵ˲٣ǴӶĴ治ƽǸཻˡ
鵤Ǻαأ
ΣټӰѾ̫ˣôȵùЩǿ׳ӣ
ξǿϸһĨ˶Ķ˺ΣԵƽϢٶȻӽӭϡ
Ķ֣Ľ̡
~˫νյĽһʱɶڵϣһ˲䣬Ľ̵Ľͼ֮ϡ
ǲеģĽ̷·һʦѣһΪζ񲹡Ů˼Ȼ֮ϣÿÿؼʱ̾ͷͨ˫ԵԺ
Ҿˡ˫΢졣һַ붼ץҲ֪֢ڣѾ֮ҲԲʱԼ;˴򶷣ʤ
⾿ΪʲôĪԼʺɣСݡӦûڵңȥԺ
ֿޡĽ֮ҵʱݶԲΰٰޣţݵļͺͲεĹµֲȥǺޡʶһѾŮУʵǡ
Ľ̶ĿʵΪʲôţ
Ϊնûаԥ˵룬ӣ뿪ϲ£Ҫɣұġ֣Ǳϣ
㡭㻹ǸգĻ̌죬ǳ㡣
ûΰֻţõģҫҡж
νˮĨȥЦˣΰˡЩ£ȥġ
̫ԸʶŮӣΪ˸һĳּȴܴҼ޸ݣΪûгͷ֮գֻӶȹȴ˻ԵšλҲҲҪʦΪĤݵĶ󡭡֤ŮӲӲ
εͷ緢ʵ̫Ŀ뵽СݣͬǿҪǿŮӣҲĽһڡԼϲɣҲϲ赶ŪǹŬԺܸطꣿģ
Ľ̻ع񣬰ԼոԣģǡԸʶŮӡ˵ԩæ룬ֻǾ£ûеָʲôڷЩһͨ˫Եģ
ҡҡͷͻȻ̣ǰҲãһֱŮӽԶƫָֻҡлл㣡
ĽЦЦͬңԼ˻ôɫǻݣٽЩеţܻзԺġ
ͬʱ
˷鵤ĪЦϥϣڿȿ֮ٵĺȻϺ۳һһ¡
鵤ðֻһţҾЩƲסĺҩҲܰĪЦϢ˺ܾҲ޷ƽϢֻһÿ񱩵ĺȻûĪЦѹ֮ԺˮΪתµ߻ħٴšչˣ
ǿĺȻǡըըʼƣ̣ĪЦѣ౻ʹĸоڵ޷ѹƣͷ۵ĻֹˣȻ֣ЩҵĺȻȻʼʹɢȥ
һε߻ħȫܸϴα⣬Ϊ鵤ҩЧʹںȻٶǿĿţĪЦɢٻܶײƴһ˿ǿűĽޡ
Ѫһһӿ߿ףĪЦͬް˻ֽſ裬ɢ˿Ҳ·ɱĪЦϣһѪ
һ߷˻һĨǱ߻ħ
־ĪЦԭôͣǰֻһƬɺ졣ͻȻһǿעڣˬ֮ĪЦ־ƺֿʼع飬ԼԼиĿӣһְס̨죬ںʲô
һ룬ʶ


41 
ս̨
֫h̫ԭֱ۹ɵվԱߣȴƤĵ
Ĵӣ˯ͷ˰ɣ֫hþС죬ò̫ԭühãϸ̨ϣѧϰһ£˫һҪȻ
Ȼ֫hýһЦ̫ԭεҡͷСãԽԽˡ
ĶڣΧ٣Ҵ󲿷Щ䶷嫵Ⱥ˵صġ˼ǿҲֻ𵽴߻ȻãǿΪ磬ȴȡõλġ
ÿ˫ԣԼͬ裬ִҲһֻ۱һֻۣ嶼ͨزͷ䶷
ÿһεĺȻ˫ԣǰսЩʹ߱͹ս䶷̨ԽٽҩŵʹߣҩϺܰ
ڳתһȦδˣܰҲ˼ֽСүûб
ܰ̾˿ĵҲǣСүŲ³ͷǾʵ㣬ûвμ˫ҲҲ֪ƿ鵤ûС
֫hõ۹һӱ̨Ĩ䲻ھʮӰˣקק̫ԭ½ʵŮ˭ǰʹпû
ǱܰҩŵҵףϢӦòþͻ뾳ӡ̫ԭЩĽĿܰк֮ɫ
֫hƲƲ죬Ҳûʲô˲õģ̫ԭţᳬģ
̫ԭȻʧЦ֫hõСͷ֪ҩǺȻŴ࣬ÿҩŵĵҲͬնʮﵽҵ۷壬ʵţңȲˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ̫ԭ꣬ѾԺףٶȲ찡
̫ԭƺΪģΪϸϸ⣺ҩŲͬɣÿĴ󿼣ֻҪһεĶ壬һΡֻҩиĹ涨Ǳǵÿһ궼Ҫķ֮һʱҽƣͨƾٻҽ£ǺȻҪһһͼеʱ䣬ȥЩٶںȻŶǳ͵ġ
֫h򣬿ܰĿҲ˼𾴡
̫ԭ磬ȻҵӣӦҵ˫սȴڵ𣿡
̫ԭһ˿ϷʵЦ˵أ
֫hͻȻ뵽ʲôߡһתͷˡ
·Ǹ¶ҺӿУģ̵ģűĸоĪЦ̰˱֪˶ãصƤ̧лƺиӰǰƮŬλԴ۴һĿĿ£˫߾ĳªӣŭݵĵԼƴ˱Ѫˮ
ĪЦʱһ亹˦ޱʵʵ·ã٣ãƴã£áĪЦ˿Ĩȥ亹˵̨ǣ
ߣߵıͷָһĨ˿ԶϣȻûа̺ۡ
ĪЦӲͻȻЩϤ֮УһȦĲŵʵ㣬¥֮ˣ
ӡšһš¥ȥˡ
øֵˣĪЦ֮ǰ߻ħ֣ͻȻ뵽Ǵ˾Լ¥ȥл
¥´ϣɱֻ¶ƺ˯ĪЦߵ岽֮ңлʦȣʶ
û졭
ĪЦҲżԭصţֱܲ˿ӣ͵վŭĻߣ
˵ĴֿĪЦЦݿ䣬üǳϿңδ˵
˦˦֣ʦ־СԺСĵ㣬Σ
ĪЦû˵ͻȻһŮڴᵽԶ޵Ϣύ
䣬ȴ˵ĵɫʣǲ˭ĪЦͷƤ飬ؿһûһʦֿɱ˫ԣ
ӲĺȵӲŲϡ⣬ȥͻȻ뵽ʲôתͷ˫Եӣ˺ü죬·ΣҲȥˡ
ĪЦͷһԡįûأ˿һµҲҲգҴȥ᳡ɣܱԣʶһܹԣǸ˭ʲô
ĪЦһںȻŵһμ֪ݵˡ
ҽݡ
ĪЦʼմųϿҵЦ⣬ΪãƺҲࡣ
ȥ᳡Ҹֿߣκ˵ʶҡ㿴Ʋɷ˵סĪЦұۣһյڣ~߷סоƮƽһΣĪЦܵʲô۵糸
ٶȹˣһͬȼӶҪ죬ѵµĻЩԶԶӵһ˵Զ޵Ϣѵġ
ĪЦû룬˱㵽˻ս̨Ӷ˵˸Ӱ٣ĪЦĺܣûȥѰֻһ䶷Ųȥ
˫һ㶼Ҫ죬ǵһ졣Χ۵ȺӵĪЦ飬Ҳ᲻ֻԶԶ䶷ϻƴӰһָ̾˫ո¶ͷǣңű˻ǻϲǱ˵չ¶ɣԼȴʧۣ֮ʧ֮⡣
ĪЦãӵȺ֮ɿԴ¿̨ʽʵӦ֮䣬Ҳˣ˫ǽ߾ȫĪЦ˫ۺܿ챻ȥϸĦֶΣ˷֮⡣
ף˲𣿡Χ֫hΧİ֮һܿ췢ǵӰ԰̫ԭߵ֫hգգۡ
֫hԶȺΧˣһϲȴΪͣ˱£Ҳ
̫ԭĿҲĪЦһۣɲǼšüͷ
hڴ˴𶯣ȥ
ĪЦеһϢ̧ۼ̫ԭɫҲһ
̫ԭʦ֡
̫ԭŲ΢٣ɨһۣϢô΢
ݼɣǰ߻ħϢǿȥմӦʦֵԼ˴ο¶ֲˡ
ߣ֮;ܼɣԷ٣̫ԭǵû侮ʯе·˵ĲĪЦԼЩкҩϿã㿼ګh֮һֵ볡Ķ֮ĴԲ˴˫һҪӮʲôʲôֶΣһҪӮҵô꣬ձҪһۣ˵ʲôҪӮ
̫ԭһֿסĪЦţһɫȻӿ̨֮ڣյУеȻҲ֮ת޸ĪЦ֪޶⣬ȻӦӴҲûоܾ
ԼĪаʱ̨˫Ѿ䶷ϣ̫ԭջعشһĪЦۿɫ԰ֽ䤱ģипǧ
лʦ⻰˵ĳϿң̫ԭȴ֮Աǣ㲻лңֻǲȨҶվս֮ʱִ㣡
̫ԭԶߣӭַܰ


42 
ĪЦδڣ˱ס
ף֣Ϣ֮Ȼ˻ҪƽͣǺԭ򣿡ܰټĪЦûп͵ʺֻһʱ޿̲͸¶Źػ֮ɫ
ĪЦ뵽ңŮԴ֮ʱףУҲԶһим
˵һϴӣ֮ܰǴΰ뵱ɽŵʱ¾Ҫ군н֮ɾ͡
ЦһŮ֮ûң뵣ġ
ܰüƬ̺󷽵
շת˻᳡ҵƫƧ֮أܰĪЦѨƵؿڣͬ˿ĴϢܿסЩϢŨĪЦ̫ԭ޸ٴԷ޸Ȼ΢ð磬ȴû߻ħʱı꣬Ͷʡ
ĪЦͻȻ˺Ȼж֮ĪƽģҸĪ緲Ǿ˵һȡ֡Ϊƽģ֮ΪǾԶ֮ĩ֮޳֮ĿҪԲ˾أһҪľƽȣš
ĪЦŲԾȻУܰǲº͵Ŀûֹ֮ܰĪЦ·ųϢľٶȻع飬ʵζʤκĽɫ֮ϣǱ˵ҲʵһƤ
ʼߣĪЦƽ㲨ĶҲáƽһֱУϢңʱܰķѹơ
һ˲䣬ƣɢ·ʵع飬ҪǿâĺȻһعڡ
Ҳ֪˶ãϷĴѨѾ⿪ĪЦ۾ܰЦ
ϲСү֮һ߷塣ٶ֮죬ܰĪ
ĪЦһЦĪҪȤңֻǽҶѣҴ˴ν֣ұȣպҪЩʱչ̡ܰǺȻŵӣСүˡ
ĪЦЦɺƣܰȴиоһԽӽİüͷһЩãܰƫƫҪУСүܰ𣿡
ܰԼĪЦҲý˵˻⣺Ҳ֪ŵûС
ܰ˼֣ոȷʵ˺֣Ѿȥˡ
ĪЦ⣬˲ǰŮӣҲƵ䶷
ܰ㶿ԶȥȻʧƺǸСҪչ˵ĲӣѾ󣬱òҪȥػˡ
ĪЦ𼱻ǵĸϵ䶷̨Ѿû֫háĿİ̾˿
վһ𣿡
ݣδĪЦ֫hãʦ㡣
ȥˣҲҲ㣬ͬĽᶼ㣬̫ԭѾΪͨˣͨ䶷Ȩף㣬㾹Ȼֽˣ
֫hͷһ𱸺ʶϢǿᣬС΢΢ſš
ϴμŲգ֮֮
ĪЦһ޹֪ľǲ֮ܰ¸ֻõҶѡ
֫húɵĿ죬ҲûʡĪЦֵô˫ҲԴͨ𣿡
̫ԭ籾´ţǺȻʷɻĵӡΪ˿˧ΪԺ֮סõĲˣԺûвϲģܳǻǵӡϰ㣬ǿҵϣҲ̫мҡ
ѾͷĪЦкЦæЦŵͷ֫hãӱ̫ܵԭߡֻĪЦһۣٶȱ̼ˡ
һʱ㡭ͽ֮ôܣôܣ
ңҡ
̫ԭһؿڷ·һʯͷԺУ֮һѹе궼֮ͣͻƣɱݾȻ򵥵ɾ͸޳ɴԲˡ
̫ԭ˦ȥһѳֲסǰʧȵıˡĪЦпЦãְ֪̫ԭ̼ˡֻһĿɿڴˣĬĬ䶷սȺ
ԺӵΪܹôأҪƴĻǼֶΡս顣ĪЦһᣬʱüʱϲüҡЩԺеѾ˶꣬ʵսǹ㷺֮µˣԵɬŰ壬һ
ĪЦ֫há̫ԭ⣬Ժ˭Ҳʶɨϼۣܿĸˣĸ֡˵üţһһʽ·ڷʽƬô߾֮ҲֵĽƻ䡣Ͼ䶷ɰǧεǹʵȻ˵㡣
ĪЦݣͬͨӵûԹ࣬δ֮䣬ĥĳ侲Ϻ壬Ҳֻ飬ԱԼǿĵʱѣ˵ʤ
ĪЦǰ֯ѧϰݣʱɱˣ졢׼ݡǱ룬ҪһʵЩͨЩѹ׵ֶΣĪЦδĦࡣ
֪ѵҹĪЦͷһӽק˻᳡
Ϣ
һٶȣݸȥ˯ĪЦ£ֻ¥оСʱ˿̣ͬĽͻȻ춯ĪЦûüٶ߳ݸ
֫hûǰĵطĪЦЦŸк֫hƵĺһ㻹֪֪֪Ҷþˣ綼һӣ
ʦõȣҵĴ֫hŮԣΪĪЦӵǸ
֫hƺҧһۣ˺Ȥ
ĪЦЦȴȻû̫ԭֺ̬ʲôȤ΢ս֫hð벽Сʦ˷ңǲʲôҪЧ͵ģ
֫h⻰ߵĻԸȥˣҪͬĽģɱôһʣԼֿʼ˼ϾͳĶóˮҪأǲԵ̫Сˣ
֫hò˵ĪЦȴŴʵһֱиԸʦŮ֮һ˶˵·Ͳҿɽ㣬ܳԽǰˣʦΪΣ
ĪЦϲҲ˵֫hȴɫɰת죬շ·ҲˣĴɢ
ʲôͣʲô㡭⡭֫hÿ˿ڵ죬˵ܣٿɫеǰˡôôô˳һɫ࡭
㣬ʲô֫hÿŵķģĪЦĪæĿڵʦ㲻ԸˣݲǿġֻЩϧѣ·θ֮ԣʦؿǡ
֫hգգۣһˡƬ̺ܻ˦һӣǺȻŮƪ
лʦ㣡ĪЦмĿΪУŵ֫hú
ⶫòˣôҪŰɡԺԺŮǰ˵ʲôʲôͣġ㣬Ҳ֪ߣ
֫hһܸûӰ·ٸһһͻᱻѬȾĲˡĪЦûʧ֮⣬ȫУҲƵıݸ


43 
Ǿս֮ʱͨԵĵԣֻ䶷ȡʤս䶷԰ɳϹ涨ʵĶս˫ǲȡǩʽ̫ԭǩɫЩƮ
ݵôˣŵӣӦò᲻սˡ̫ԭٶȻܣû˵Ӱӡ
ݣòҪʧ̫ԭ̾˿⻼ûʧȻʺԼͷһǩ˸֡ٶʮһ
̫ԭ΢΢һͣ˫Ŀбųһ̹Ǻâ
³һһҹ˫˸âͫףͬɢŶ˵ķɡĪЦظһЦǹĺͯ˷֮⡣
Ů֮أһֱ֮ĪЦ˵Ǵ֮ʳһŷ鵤ٶȵԱǣڲִ֮ҲһҹϴӵԹ̣Ȼû˿ĸоȴǱϢǿֹ
ĪЦ߬߬ȭͷʹӯͬȸȴһɸԭӥİһֱִӵиᣬڰ磬Ҳֹӯ
ŲأϢĪЦ̧ͭеԼɰ߳ªֻ·˼ֲһʣԼҲ˵Ƕ˷鶯Ʈݣ衣
ӵܣһй᲻֪Եı仯ŮΪΪѡŮĪЦʵı仯Ҳں˶֮ŮӹͣҲӹաǿֲ֮ˣָεߵ
ϧˡݵĪЦδҪȥӵУԼϣе⡣
ôһɤӣĪЦˡһץס첲Ҳػ۵糸ı˳ȥ
ĪЦдǣһεûǰͷۻֵסļ磬ӵʦΪβȥ
򵥵һ仰ӱ类β͵Ұèըȥȥƨ£ӾǲμʲôԣһΪǵĻˣӲŲмǶ֣ߣڼɣµͺڣ
ڣĪЦһѾս̨⣬ֻӱ֮̾һǵһǸ˵ˣȻΪ㲻֪˭ҽ첻ȥˣΪ֮ɣҵӿƷ⣬ʵɵİӣҪȥҲ㣬ϢǿᣬȻ粻ߣҲһ˿ԶԸӣܼ㣬ʺɣֻǲҪִ̫ԣһ;ѪȡʱѪȲ浶ǹģģ˳ġ
һ٣˺þ÷ȥɣҲٵ㡣ҪǵãһĽңҪԮһҪþֶνύߵ֮ˣʲôģɥϧһУ
ʦ֡ңԲԣĪЦкҵӿƷ⣬ضԺΪпᣬҽ룬ЩƽҪ״ˡⲻ۷ʵܶԸĸԺ֣
ӻһ𣬵˵ͷ
϶ųɣҵӸԸԺӣ˼ȡǸˡҾǿЩһ˵ӣ
Ӷίֻ͸¶ĪЦҲϸʣҡͷʦ־һ˷ݶҳЦʦֻ֮֡;Ϳһ˳㡢㡢㣬㾭Ŀ࣬δûоЩˣδضǷƽ˾ģΪβܣ
ͻȻתŭڿĪЦ΢ЦʱȻĵƽĿ⾭䣬˼㴹ͷ
Щû˸˵
ĪЦһ£нǲ֣˽˶ļЦҴ˴βްսң˫һҶ˿һͬҲиӦ
ǼܵذĪЦһϯʱųжĿ̧ͷģĪЦе㷢ë뵽ִʱೣ˵ĻÿǿˣһŰġ
ĪЦһ飬ǹŹֵĸоѹ¡
գս̨ɽ˺ѾҪĳҲ䶷֮أһһң̨ϽǳĴ򶷡
ĪЦǰŽ룬ӱŸţٲȻһĴࡣ
ʦܣȥǱǩսֿ߷ֿʵԸ鵽ĸʵµġ
ĪЦ̱ϴȡһǩдż֣ʮˣڡ
ʦܣִΣոճϺ˶ٶʮˣԹƵõ硣ʶã˰껹ûϣʵƽƽҲñͨƲӣֻҪַˣ㲻Ϊ
ӽΪ⣬ĪЦлһЦĵ˯ϢȴҲ֪ʲô·ɫصĿһȦˣĪЦ첲ǱճģԺʮǿ֮һ쿭ҴѧѵǷ켫ѧ˷ʵСǱǸһ㣬ŮˣʵɲôԺʵһŮӣܿ죻Ǳߡ
Ϊϸ·ҪԼ˵һȦ˵ˡˣ˵Ϊأ̫ԭ
˶ˣʮǿ֮סΪѷʤʶꡣŻڣƫƫԸ°ֹ·͵ζ̫ԭͬԺ»ˮ׷࣬ʵǿᣬԺһˡӲñһ˫ȴȱľˣԺŮҲϲϡ̫ԭһ꣬ƽʱ̫͵һα˫ԣǺʵҲ̫̫ԭ޳֮۷ˣϢҲ࣡
ĪЦӦһüҲһ˿֮ɫ
ʦܣõʲô
ĪЦȡɷıüͷһ壬һ˫ذףźɫ˿񡭡ôŮõıɣĪЦŹ֣Ѿ뵽˰ٰԭ
˫һ˲ٹѫģ㣬ԺòϡĪЦûƴǣһѳֵıŵܷŹ
ݹ
쿴̫ԭ񣡡


44 
䶷ϣһϯװ̨ϣ˫£Ц磬ѩף߰˳ߣ·Ǭһǧ谮һĳʲƷˡ˰жƫƫһ˿֮ҲޣнҡдĪЦйŴ֮ͬˣɲѷУҲûû֮
ͬһװ̫ԭƮݵʣȴ˼졣ͬӣ̫ԭҲǳһס˸âıӺ˿ͷ
ӣκεطһķ羰ƫƫ̨ͬЩսŮǣѱ˷۷ʱл
ʦ֣˵ĸʤЩ
ӿһ˵
ĪЦٶԣ˵Ϣǿ൱ѹ̶Ϊƺ̫ԭȻҪԼضûֶΡ
ݣ
ĪЦĽζ˻תȥ
ֺĿ˸ı֮⣬΢΢ü
ĪЦȴû˵ʲôȴף˺ȵѳ֮СҲֵǰߣǿе𣿣
˱һҲǾЩˮнԵҵ˾ǲһ˵ѹ˲ܱ⣬ȴмҵӣҲҵǰˣ磿ǷǿһЩ˼һҲֲ˺ãҪ̸һȥ
ˬʴЦ޷Զ˲֮ϵǿᾫѹ֮£ȵȴ岽λµģѾѪ˿
⣬Ժҵ𣡲Ŀ֮ҽղǼʶٹڣֵܲԶͶİɣ
ңĪЦʱĻоԼԵڣ䶷ʧΪһʧԼһʶӣעԲ˶ߣ
ӣȴҲǸϻϸ糾ˡĪЦԽԽò۹ãд
˲ĵĿĪЦ޺޵ǻû꣡˫ԣ䶷̨ϣǱûʲôŹƣһصСǲӮģЩͶ㲻
ĪЦЦһܵ緢ĸȾҲһĹ°ãݶ㣡
ֵǻ
һ飬ȱܣĩ˻ݻ
ԶĪЦһЦ
лʦ
ཻ±ҵ£Ժл֣˽ǿûҵģΪߵıڣƫƫţҪԶȨˣߣ۳ȺǶ㣬ƫƫ䶷ضҪΪ㣬СΪ֮
˵Сˣұس֮ĪЦ˵ķƵȴ⡱һСʵҪɱˣ
ѷŹ棬ضҪǿķɱңϾѾˣǻʲôɱԣ
գгرΪ֮Ŀ䣬Ϊ͡
~
~
Ӱͬʱ׹䳡⣬ĪЦһͷңң̫ԭһһ䶷⣬¹࣬ɣɫȴЩƣǱ
䶷ϣһ䵽̨£Ǳһֽ
ĪЦпϧֶԾԼ͵ĵûԿиᶨ˵
̫ԭͬʱأ䶷ҲͬĿ̶ܴҲ൱ִ³һ㶣˺ð죬ƽ
̫ԭظ̾˿ǹ΢΢Ц⣬ɫ쳣ã̫ԭǻȺ˵š̫ԭֶΣ
̫ԭɲô˵ûʵֻҪû䡭
Ժ˫۵ıƴɷʱ䣬ǱĶ̨ĪЦıš
~~ѾذĪЦ˫֣ĴȦɫһѸ˵ɷǣֻ֮ǰĪЦӡ̫Ȼ˽ĭɵ
ݣղУڲٷϻһִںȻĪЦ
ĪЦȻĿһۣЦҡҡͷһܹâͬʱ̤գһܲҲϾѳ֮ǿߣﰵݣָһĪЦذϣ·ǧ֮޻ϣʹڿ׼ʱǰһ粽ִڸ֮ϣһɸ͵ĺȻŸĪЦ
ĪЦɫģұ۵ŵأӳնһͬʱ˫һţδд˱ʣûӦ㱻˸Ľų졣
ĪЦͦذ׻ڡһæøִֻӦûմϰȻܱȵùĪЦ̺һ
ذ۾һһұܿô˫硣ĪЦӦȻӶذĶٶȷĪЦǰֻΣĪЦȻûסذס
~ĪЦŵ磬һذҲƲ񷣬޾ãɡϢѹаæ롣
ϧĪЦ̫ˡʵԹâĺȻңѤһѪʣϣ
·ˣֻӭ˰δңʵȷʵ򶷾ȴҲĥΪտ˷İ֮£ϵķ˴һͻƶȥǲȡעһĴ򷨡
ܽңҲ룡ڱһĴٶ̷һҩ裬۵Ѹӿɺ֮ɫ
~~~~ڿ̬¶ѸѣҲԽԽ߿ĺбúʵѸŵļ·ǳӤ㣬ۻ֮ɫֻϽӿѪ˿ܿˣһ˲˲ײĹ
̨һһֱ̱ĳҲһ˿졣
ھȻʳħ浤ǲˣ
ԣħ浤Եõ㿴̬ضǷ˸ħ浤ƵƷƷʸħ浤һεġ
ħ浤úʱڿɱһʵ֪ƷЧΣ
ħ浤Ժҩ˻أ̰֮ôܲԻٵп϶ˡݱˣҲЩʵ

֮ûӹĪЦ˫ڷʳҩһ̣ס˽Ų಻ߣǹɻصǿϢĪЦľŮ֮Լʵ֮˲ѶãϢǿҪˣڷʳҩʵǵľҪȡַӻܴˣ


45 
Ѫ˿ǣڹϰͬްѣ۾ĪЦ㷢ƵĳȥʽƺҲƺѹûʲô·ĪЦûйأӰŲ
ĪЦԵذף˿̱Уһѡ
˷ʳҩ˵άֲ˶ã¸ƴռ˱ˣԵܱܣӵߣ֮ʱ
ĪЦ⣬ٶ˼˷ҩ֮·ٶҲӾ˲٣ĪЦٶ˵ʱѾǰ
~һĪЦͷ֮ϣһ˺ѷεľʹϯһѪŲովȣ˫â˸䣬ٶȴ˼ͷ
ʹ֮£ƺ˵ֻһζ޶ĪЦﻹͣ˵һߣذҲͣˡ
˵ҩڵǷ·ܵ˺зȫޣֱײޡƫƫˣ΢βһ£һѪܵ˿ڡ
˽ֲ£ĪЦҲ˻ܵѹƣòΪӪСĽˣܻЩС·ԼǸʲô˶ӡ
˫ԣûаգڣʤ
һ˲䣬ﶼˣΥɱ¾ΥĿٶȻع壬ںȻܵĿѹ̫õĿɬӾ˷ŭǿᣬԴԴϵ
ȸոȫΪǿٱͬڴĺȻǾ֮µħҡԵ
оطŴˣϢǲİǴħ˵ϵĲƷֻˣմѪ
ֻǸ긳ڼεõǿ໥һۣоĪ
ʶûȫˣ౩ŰϢ΢΢ͷһ
֮УмӵˣͨɢڤϢ˿Ʈɢգ˵գΪŭʺѪҺһ˫ݣű纮ɭȻ
һ˲䣬ǧ˵ĳѻȸǱ䶷̨ϻƴҲͬʱ㵵תͷۿļž˼ӣڣɴơ
ǣаȿֲϢһʱЩ£΢΢ӣͻȻӶ£𸡳ǰӭĪЦЦĸΪɭȻ˫һһĻΧߣͬʱ˫ƻȭ͵źȻڡ
ȭͷһʱǿĪЦȻھȻʮֹоæȻѪܵԡ֮Уǳ
ĪЦϢ֮Ҳ˷ѣ˫зǰУɲǼƽ˫ϾͷһΣʵԵĽײڶ˫Ҳ谭˺󼸷֡ĪЦʱǰذպãľڵķ˿
~~һ޵ĺУͷɢ˫ɺ죬ϸŵѪܾȻʼѿѪƯںȻڣһȥѪɫ죡
ǿײѪɫڤĶԾžζ˫
͡ײûзʲôĺ䶯žĿ¡жһǿҵԤУǱǡ֮ǰ
һӣӡûзӦϯϣѾ˶ð亹ϯϵܰѾͲסվӣкβף᲻Źǰȥ
̫ԭؿ㶿Űз˿ĪЦûݣȻ񡭡֫hѾһֱһֱˣвâķɣǣ̫ԭ磬ҲС
ӴҳһºòӵеֵܣزԼǰɽɫǸ߬ȭͷʱ޿̲ڡ֨죬ûԼִˣȻħԵļһ
˸˼̨΢΢ϵ˫ȭ˫֮䣬ͻȻһ΢΢У̫ңȴ塣
ѪɣĽܱߡ
ս̨ϣĪЦֶⰵǳȻˡ
ڣʧˣ
һĬսĵӶͣ˶ĬĬߡ
ʲô
Ϊ΢ĵ޷֪£Щȴǿ
ո˶ãڽһΪʩչȴͷŨصֱ˺飬ʬ޴棡ֻʱ̫ãֶ̫Ѹ٣ʵԿ塣
λɫǻްкȻһԺõСӣΪ΢ֶλɱڡⷽʽѪȣټһ
ĪЦһУδй룬ȴϵżڳ½١
ȻһƣȻȾʱħĵӡΪŻҵҲãΪƽϢҲգݣˣ
ĪЦ֪룬һĶԵУۿˣеʯͷҲءȻΪѣûͨ󿼣ͷãһΪʮĪЦΪֹǿС
ɱڣĪЦҲùƣʦʤ֮󣬱Ҵ̨ҸطϢһӦԽĿˡ
һӭܰ
ܰĿиӣǰһһŵҩС
ҩȵҩ˵ãҩڣӿ಻ůĪЦֻо˲һ˿л
ܰҡͷ˵ֻǺ̫࣬ԵҩϢһָܻ߰˳ɡ
˶٣ĿģСүΪλ
ĪЦͷһȴû̿ڡ
ЩںȻţҲ鼮Ҳи϶Ϊڵѹǰķɣǰϣ֪ľóǾ춯صܡ
һɣ
ֻһºͣȥԶܰǻݣ̽


46 
뵽ˣĪЦҡͷ˵˺ʱЩجΣʬɽѪɭֲֻܲͣɱɱ̫࣬
ܰʱ˿˵ǣǿѾнһ˿ΪתһȦȷɣ˷˴롣
Сү֪ŴɡԹħ˵ħűǺͺȻһԳƣȻűȻȥˡ
ܰһ仰û˵֮һЩħŵӻҪŨպҪУֻҪΪݡȻƴʦţҩҲһݡ
ĪЦпһ£ѹ֪Լʲôʲܰ˵ƶϯϿȥ
ϽɫأżĿУмհФ磬ǶҡͷĿ¶ϧ֮ɫ
ĪЦһҪص硣޳谭ˡ
ֻ㲻ȥ
ĪЦҡͷ˵֮֮вԻȥشҲûҵ֮
ܰ磬ȴûж˵˵󲻴˵СССүֻǸԺӣǳҪȻ뿪Ȼ̸ף
ֻʦСүһصˡٶģҲΪˡ
һսĪЦ˿Ŀⶼвͬһ·ЩĺͲƵĿ⣬ѰƧ䰲ȻϢ˸һ̾Ϣߣ令ֱһȶʼߴ٣ĪЦ
һս֮ˣԺ½콾Ĭ塣
䲻̫ԭȴҲԺŵǰʮʵֻ߲͡
ĪЦѣϢʵѻָ߳ɣ˿̶սĬ壬Ҳûо԰գʮ־衣
ǳĬĪЦĿмڽаҲܻҺȻţգұʦŲа񣡡
⻰˵ȻΪӢǵ̨Ů࣬ĪЦҡͷҲԣذ˲ϢĬǰ
Ĭû뵽Է˹óһ߳ӭ˫УʩչС
ĽһһʽУһѹڻ԰д⣬ΡĪЦʽأУ֮ѷɫࡣ
̨Ů߲ȵ࣬޲û߳Ϊ
˶ʮغϣ˿ݳͨȴÿÿҪȵóĬ岻òĽУǳĬʽҡ׸࣬ڶսϱݲ˲ֹһ㡣
ȻֹʮغϣĬ˽࣬ѿһؿڣۻȻĬֱķ˳ȥ˼Ѫվȡ
һĻ̨ŮĿɿڴһЩۿĵҲüͷһ塣˵аսǿȡʤʤ֮䣬һȫȻŵΪѹԺǰʮ콾ʵܼ
Ĭ忴񣬶پ޹⣬࣬һŭɺȵаΪһʮ𣡡
ֻĬʱһȦȼյĻ棬Ʈ
ĪЦ˼ӿһɲ֮С
ںȻŵĲУҲʮĽܡǺȻһʩչʱʮ𣬼һУɲ
ֻ⹦ȻȻ콾ɵ޼û뵽Ĭ廹治廨ͷһʮ𣬱԰Ժ
Ȼʩչʮλܱ֮𣬵˻һմȾɲͣȼգϢΪѲ
ĪЦ˿룬ܴܲܳĬ壬ιǻȼգȼվŮݱȻ¶ͥ¹˹ۿ裿
¿Ի壬ȴڴʱóȻǿǸɵ³
ĬʱЦԵáʮɿתְϮĪЦ
ĪЦǱܣ½մȾǣܿŵһɽζɫ䣬ԥذ׸Ǵ½ǣŲһֱ̤Ĭ塣
ʩչʮ𣬳Ĭ岢ɣ˿̼ĪЦϮ̲ٿʮع顣ȻʮҪ֮ʣĪЦͻȻ׵شʮ𹥻Χذ´̣гĬű

Ĭֻоһʹɼгһȣʮ𵱼ɢ˷׹䡣
ĪЦսḻʯ䣬͸оΣ٣һֱĬ屳󣬵һץ䵱ܡ
ʺͻȻĬʼδóһöҪ顣˭ĪЦ죬Ĵָһֱһ˺ȻļһóĬֱһ׹£ĪЦС
ͬʱʮȻ׹£

һߵĲҽĪЦմȾ˻£ݿʦ֡
ȫһƬš
ʦֺɬŵѾճɻҽĳĬ壬βŵʤߣݣ
³һڳĪЦ첽̨Χ۵óһ·Ŀֶ˼־η
ĬԺǰʮ콾ͷʢټʮպǰ;˭֪ɱݣսɱˣײУҫĿ
ϯϣмλɫвáĬδڣֻҪڴʤΪҵӣʸ࣬˭뾹֮֡
˫ԣŴȣͣǱضݹ
ɽһ˫ԣſ裬ͬţ
һҲ֮ͣĺһʵΪŻӲȻź֮У
ǼǼҹлֻѰħ֮㣬ǰвɱ޹˫ԽŹ洦֮

üۣüȴûжԡФЦ˲Ŀ
Фڳ֮УʵҲǲ껹Ϊ󹦣ȴ¹ƧˣżҲֵڣ̷һְϰ࣬ÿձлֻͣŴ֮ʱһˡ
ʱФЦɽФʦкμأ
Ф練ʣ㣬λ˭ûǧ˭˸˵Լûɱ޹
ɽǼλڷʴʵĳҲ¶Ρ
ФƵߣ޵ش󷨣컯Ե֮һ޴ꡣߣҪ˶ȡһֻɱˣǱҴ⣬ɱ޹δЦ
ɽФʦֺγԣĪҪάаħ𣿡
ȷʵҪ顣ڽ˫Ա֣ȴǿȦɵ㡣ڿ˰ȥңȻ޶ۣΪȻʵټϷõҩΪʱݲ֮޳ֶλɱڣݣã
˵ⳡĬѴѳ壬ȴһݡȻʮδ͸ȴֻݾ뵽ʮʤݣã
ֶʣ֮СԱͱʦʵڿϧ
ФһֿУһʱ䳤ϯѻȸ˿Ϸ
ɽһȴҲٶԡ
̾Ϣҡͷ˫֮зλĪۡ


47 
˫ԼУĪЦĶԺһֻ̨֮Ͷ
ĪЦΪʵãûʲôıȥɽľ棬ʼδ
һֶ̨֮󣬱˳
Ϣ֮ʱĪЦ˼⣬ӵͨ͸ζĶ˵ֵܣսںͳĬ壬δζ˴ʬ޴棬̨ϡɣʵߣ˭ҸҲˣҪǰǰ治ֵ
ĪЦȻʧЦԭԭ򣬲ɱһҩһʮ湦ʩչȫȡʤʬ޴棬ֻżȻˡ
ҡͷ̾ϢҪЩʲôһԱ㿪ʼˡ
һΣսǸŮӡŮΪ죬ĪЦһ£ִ֫hߵİ֮һ
δǰ漸һͶµĿ˿ĪЦݸһЦƤͷСʵ˵ãСŮӣ̨ϵۣɵҡ
ǾɫȴƤ鶯ŮԵã׷Ҳࡣ˻˵Ľɰ̨¹ۿеӶ¶֮ɫĪЦĿҲ˼־档·ǲӦĻݣҪÿ
ĪЦǸʵʵŮӣ˼˿ûʲôоֻ֫húѣش𣺡˷ԶݺҪʦؾȫݱزʦС
һ£ľԴ飬ͬʱɫҲ֣Գͷս鶯ܣʤʯĳ˿ûжݵģֶΣһǿС
ȻĪЦҪ߲٣ҲС
սʼʹȫ˫ɷ磬Ȼ꣬ǲֱ̽ɱн
ĪЦŴŮ֫hйϵϲȴһֱɱУҿʵҪںͳĬҪߣӦǵ֮оӭУ̶
ΣϢ಻ûʲôȴɱ
ĪЦƣһٱܣ޿ɱܡۿķϮֻӲͷƤһ˫ذӭϡ
ƹƹңֻײڶĪЦ˫ּٻ裬ʹȫǽײУ²˺ۡ
սĪЦʵѻָųɣ޷Ϯ˿ԽԽࡣ
ߵֵѣǱȴĿɿڴ⽣УǶǰһãƾ˽УԺˮսĸߡѰ궢ϣҲҪСݣֻ֮С磬Ҳֿ֮ܵ
⣬⻹Ǹˣ
þʱĪЦƴŻˣڽ󲿷ֵֽҲ֪һ˫ذǺβʣ£
ۼ価δĪЦץյŲ񱼣ת˲ǰذѸٻ裬֮ս
ոʩչУϢңһδȣݳɱʱӽֵƾ轣Ϭ֮սȴǲһ
˫ĪЦʹһذף䣬Խ˫Ϯⳤռ·硣
һ̣һɡĪЦСħѵȱ㶼ʮ˽⣬ʱսȡʤ
ãϢã¶ĪЦϷŹذһ¶ϳŻȥ
ŮӲԼòˣһӱνŲһֻü
ĪЦһδУҪٴνȴһļ

ħղĪЦͷһȴǺ飬ذ׺ݺݴ
һɱɶ֪Ϊξûܶ㿪Ѫ졣
ĪЦթ˿һԭء
˿սʱǰݵƤһ˫۵ĪЦҪ档׹£˫ۻסǰҲ˵ϣѪ졭
ĪЦ𣬸ո㿪һذƺ˴Ů󿪡
˿ļʱֻҪ¶¡
ĪЦβѣⲢˣֻǼваˣ˭ôһ
ȻߣҲǴӷŮ񷨡ĪЦ˾ǵͽΪ޳ܣڴͥ£Ҳˣ軹㣬ɱ֤߷֮ͱһ
̨еߣߺɡࡱޡ֮ʡŮҲߺ޳ܣд⣬ˣҪͶպȫޡ
ĪЦȺ鼤ܣһʱֻ֮ܶһݣϿҵǸ
ʦ㣬Ҿð֮⣬֮´⡭
죡˫ͨ죬޳ܵ裬ôǰ棬պںȻԴĹǲֻǴ֣˳𲻱ܰݣ
ݣ֮£ף˫ԣ
ųȺݻԾų̂ϣ̨
ĪЦԭأһƬࡣύ֫hãݣҲպܹĽ̺ͲΣ£˵֫hǲཻܸҪ
һֱֱĪЦתͷ֫hʢŭӡ
˵֫høոսһս̨㿴ĪЦֲһĳ˽ãû뵽裬˾ݡ
֫hò֪ǰսֻ֣ݿƾӣʵСˣĹΣ޲硣нʮ飬ޣٲ
ĪЦһ֫h㣬̨֮ҴҸҪͣȴڶŮЩŮ֪ڳעΣ°ĭ׷ָĪЦо
νͣˮ͵̧ͷֻǱߣ
ΪǣӿĿⶼ˼ֹŹ֣·µʶ
ԴˣĪЦֻΣˡ
˵սֹ̨һĪЦĶսΪԺַʽʤʤˣЩŮӾⲻսеߣ˵ҪΪʦ㱨ȴû˸鷳ϾںͳĬĲĿ
ֵͶġ
ĪЦֵڣŬϢָҪﶦʢ֮ʱͬʱ˶սȹΪ͵ҩ֮Ҳڶս֮лϢΪƽȣиΪͨ͸Ҳ֮еõߡ
ֻǸս϶Щ˿ڣһܰĵҩȻ˿ڽ裬ȴʧѪɫЩ԰ס
ĺɽһıȶڽĪЦӲУصסȴ;У˼λ֮͡
⼸˽ףϢһĪЦε
󵨵ͽӣʦ㣬ĿҽձҪʦʦף
ʦͬ㣬京޶޿ˡ˳𲻱Ϊˣ
ʦࡣǰӣ㶾֣㣡
аħҾ͵㲻˳ۣʦţûʦ棬ձλʦʦһͬ

һ·ĪЦݵӣҪɱ֮졣


48 
ĪЦǰһ˵ս̨ϹƽսۡҶսʦʦ㶼ݲҲþȫġǰٰѵʦųͽ𣿡
һǰһŮǹЦ
ӿȥ˵ֵܣ㻹ȻŲã˫Ե·Ѱʱգʦ˽䶷ȻҪܵͽġ˫ڼ䣬ûˡ̨̨£ﰵʤΪ߿ܡ⣬Ҳ˫ԵĿ֮һұʿ棬Ѫζɽ磿еɽֻǸΪпᣡ
ĪЦȻ뵽Ҳ˽ûֻ»ų̂ҪȺŹ֪
˷ǰ⼸˶Ǿõ޷ʤԼͼɱǿС
ĪЦһɫޱȳ˵˹ûʣԶ٣ϣ˻ձòŶңѿΪʦʦ㱨𣬻ԴΪɣҽ󻼣
һϯ˵˼˵˶ʱѿȴҲʾ
аħ˿ҵȣҵΪʦʦ㱨𣬽ձҪУ
ҪС֮ĶȾ֮Ϳ㲻ˬˣҲҲ
ûʲôɲҪɱ
СӴɽţ㵱ʲôطƾһ㣬͸
ʦ֪ӽǱ࣬Ԫ0δʧֻݾǸ廨ͷпð
ǣǣݳ˳˹֣ǲпǲð

Ϊϼ֮Ըһǲڻ£޼ɵ
Խ˵Խ𾢣Խ˵ԽӶŭˡĪЦɫĪǼ˵Լȴŭ⡣
תͷӣʦ֣˵˫ڼ䣬̨̨£ﰵˣɱˣǲʦųͷģ
ӵͷû˫ڼеĹأʦˡ
ұˡ
ĪЦ䣬˻ûӦͼκһ˲Ϣ˼ߡ
֣˻ӵĿУһʱӦ˰ġֻ˫ذȣת˲һ˲ӡɲǼѪϻųЦݣء
ת˲ɱһˣͻȻʣ༸˽ǺȻ󾪣û뵽ôǰ޾ɫΪǿγ׼ɱ
ΪŵӣǷӦԿѸ٣ĪЦǸ졣̵һ˺˿ûֹͣε˼Ĺ»꣬޹ǵƮҴܡ

һҽУǰ廨ͷʿذףĿ
˺ȻĻд󣬷׷׳ݹȥ
ĪЦ˿ţץ͸ʿΪܣɵס˹ʿʱɴ⬣ϲҲ
ļƣر׼ٹĪЦ·Ԥǵжԥһȥ
˱ΪҪֶλɱ˫ͨ죬ʹǿʽֵ˭뵽Էٵǰǳ΢΢һЦ
пһ£вԤСв֪ⲻӺζӽŲ磬ٿߵƬ½Ƕû
ʱ˵ĹƷӵĿѣ֪ݵͼı
Ѿˡ
ĪЦжֿ׽͸Ǳʱɱӣ໥ϣȻܾޱ䣬һɱۣĹܵôࡣһʱ䶼ûУ㱻ʬ׷롣
ŵĪЦ缸˾ͨôˣʮɱ̤֮Ѫĥ֮Щб쳵żֻǴ̨ʿǿ̫ࡣһʱ䣬Щɥǳ¡
ЩʿȻ󳷣ɢ±ݴȥ
ĪЦϧԸЩˣɢֻҪơ¼˷ٳ䲻ˡ
뵽ĪЦذ׻ǰ׼Ż
Ȼû˶
в֪˭һɫд裡
˵꣬һʿִ뿪ת˲ûӰ١
˲ʹһԴϬŭˣȴǺòҪֵˡ
һĻĪЦһ㶣ǲ鴤¡
ֻˣͱŵˣԣʲôɣʲô죿ѹҪ˽ȺŹĹϲ̨档
ĪЦջذףȥҳ䴢ҲЩ׵㣬ֻʣһЩ÷ͨҩ
սƷУתͷӣȴ˴ľһգգĿԼ
ʦ֣ô㿴ң
̾Ѱ˱ʣҪίߣâ㵹ãܲ˱ɱȥ⼸ԲУղҲҪˣ
ĪЦɫҪɱңҲҪûǸʸݲǸ¾ӣڲᣬԺᣡοղҶУѣʦӲ
ͷһȣ֪ݽֵܡոȷʵְκݷӦ̫죬Էְ̫ܵ죬δ֣Ѷ
ãңҲһֱֵܣںȻһգұ㻤һգ
˶һЦһͬȥԭһ֮أһŮӣŮӳüÿͷŵʬݸһЦĿ̽˼ɱ⵹Ȥˡ
ĿԶȥ΢񣬶ϱ㴫һߡ
ݴӹȻĺԸͬŶ飡ںȻţֻպҪͽ£
һϯ࿡ɽ
ĿУַŻҵѾҴȥ
¶ͣݣֻΪҵҪÿվԼ˭ݳȴ֪ʲôӣˡ
㲻˷ʱ䣬ұʿֶ룬УѹʮΪ޷ֱΪҪ˼ͽЦ
⻰ɽȻŤˣЦǺǻӦ˵Ķԣպһڼ
⻰Բͣתߡ
дһ仰չ֮ʱҿһ˿֪˼ңȻ㣬Ϊ֮
ɽһĿ˸Ƭ̣ҲǼ̨Ҵ϶ȥ
ƱãĪЦһ֪صסһҹǳתںȻΪʱ
һţĪЦֻһαģȫ··۾֮Ұޱȡ
еĵؾ磬ѾָȻƺֽһµĸ߶ȡ
ǴʱսǳҩڣҲǰǱĪЦ뵽ڸѹȸУвꡣΪĪֵʵԿڡǿаͨһЩֶɱӡ
˼ţ¥㿴Ӷſڣϲˣһ˫Ŀ⣬ڷ
ĪЦң˲׹ֻڳԣǲ֪ҹϮӶڴΪһҹѵܰĵҩš
ʦֽ֮ݶ
Ӱڰ֣Ҳԣͳ˫Գرȥ


49 
˫ֻգмϢҹʿΪæʱĪЦأռһЩѾ࣬¶ʱЩ˵³
棬ȻпᣡѰһӶûлٵԵţҪѪܵ۷ģ֮١
ΪԳִģֿյĪЦͱֿ֡
ΣǸɡΪǣԺʵ콾
̨֮ǰӱǿƿһӵϢԭͷСһҵˣǰ˺ȻŵһλϣԵȻȻŲʱ䣬ȴԺе콾츳Ϊڡ
λϹϵУʤ֮󣬶ǰ;
ĪЦţûа˴˫ԣһԵ̬ȣûͨʱ̣̫죬ȡҲпǷδ׼һĻΪǲһɼܱܿ
֮ƣһ·ȡʤժͷֵ֤˵ȻŻһ档
Ȼк̨ʵǿҲȻûвս˵ĵ
俴ǰ֮ˣڱк߳һмĵڣһָĪЦĳ˹֣
ĪЦпһ£̨£Ȼ˫̺ɱӡ߻֫húͼţŭδ֫hðû
ĪЦΣֽĿͶǣ֮£⡣벻ţⲻǳұġ˫֮ҶŵǸ
䣬ȵףƮƮһ䡮⡯ŵǸˣݣ˵޳һţˣȴԸʤһҽձҪѵͽӣ
˵գҲĪЦףͻ磬Ϯȥ
ĪЦҲǶ˻ȻԣҲȷʵǸ⣬Դƣʤǲڴսֻպ鷳ࡣ
ʵǿֻºսʤĪЦ΢У˼Ʋߡ
ˣұʦֽһ
һĴذ˫֣ĪЦ̤棬Ѹ糯ǳȥǴӲӲ
ڵʵȴԺսηսĸߡӲգ̫ԭҪݱܷâ
ѵʲôֶβɣ
һʱ֮䣬ǶĿͶ⴦ͻɱˣڵӲսڻս̨ϽŮŪң澡ʧ֪ǿУֻʲô۶ӡ
˵˵Ĳ񣬵ֳţ˿ûе͹Էݴǰ֮սҲпҩڣ֮Ĭǿȴɥ֣֮ɼӲǱô
һʹ˰˳ΪâʢȻ磬֮䣬絶һɺƽڽֱһЩ޵ãΨš
ãϯϣһ׷߸ޣǽλϡ
񽣾ֻϺˡԱһλĳǲ߿ޡ
еɫʷǷּжֻ뾳֮󣬱ɽ£ϤĽ̵Ϊȴǿǵ츳ԺӶܸںȻеһ¥
뵽˴ϰЦǷ˼ĥ£ԸݣӦǴ´ࡣ
λϻҪٿ伸䣬Ŀһһ
ŶҪ乧άƬ̻ûȵ˳Ŀ⿴˻ս̨
ֻս̨ϣĿ꣬ۻ֮Ѭ졣Ǵۻ֮УվͷŶܵ˲˴é޿ܳĳ档
ݣһסմӳĬжµİ񣬾Ĭվǰ΢ҫմȾۻࡣ
ɵˣɵˣۿԾĵɵˣڻս̨ȶ˶ͣб˴ɵۡ
˾ĻסݷװԵУʵͨñﻤǲ֪ԷƣȻֱӳͨۻ֮꣡
ͨװģȻ֮ơ
̫ˣ
֪򲻹ȥġĸ˴ֻ³һʡ˿ݵĿ⣬ѾȫûӡϾ˭ҲȲҪֲֶεĶֻ֣ѾҪ޴棬
ǴƬ̣һ˫۾ɺޱȣɸֻһȫȻĵ֮ϵĻĽ̨¿ֵĵӷ׷ױãٶ֮죬ˢƽ¼һʱ䣬˷ս̨ΧմһƬ
ͷɢзŭǣٶȻ˳˳ˮ衣ʤҲˣƫƫʵãȴ棬Ǻε裡
㣬
ٲ㳯ĪЦȥʱңΪǿ񽣷ǷֻȵĪЦǱӴܣöݵطߡ
ֵļŷȫڴ˴һҲûʣ¡
ĪЦǰ壬ȴֻһѳǷֱָŶ
ʢŭ֮£Ϊƺǿ˼֣İ񶼵ֿס
ǧһ֮ʣĪЦذ׽ס˺һˣܿս̨Ե
ȻǴʱȴƣδ̨ȥ
ݣңҰ̨
δ䣬ĪЦ͸оһɰȻϯˤս̨롣
أ
׹֮ʱĪЦҪλһѪ
֣ͬoһȻɫʵ壬Ũɽһߵ֡Ҷڶ޴ҶȻ£ն
־ͷɻҶԳɱ
裬ŭ𣬾ûзң©ٳΪʤһսֱ۷壡
˵콾ҫĿⷽҺȻոΪάФ磬ʱҲпŲһֻ꣬ʮ꣬츳Լĥ£ǰ;
㣬ҪӦԣĿɫݣҲ˼ڴ
ǼݻϿ˿ս֮⣬ɵͷ
ݣҵ͹㡣սϲֶΣˣı¡ֻħղɱ㣬سһźսҲΪˣһ֣ǰ;ģɸһս
ԴԽĪЦǵӢµʧǣҲ֮ܿΪֱңɶ֣Ϊһ֮С
ĪЦǿߣ˷ҲԸˣʲôֶΣֵսҽˣ
Ŀ棬սȣѪзӿϡ
Сûͯ꣬ĸ󣬱㽫ĺһͶѵӪСڰյɱ¾;Ψһ⡣
ЩΨһ߳ѵӪˣʸҺģΪһѵ
ʱΪŮеΪһֻɱ¾ķӡȻֻзӲĸõԶҫ۷塣
˶ҪøǿҪΪһø档
Ųɣƫִ
ֱһǹ
Ѿӵ˾޵ΪʲôҪΪ˶ȻƴһлֻбѣΪʲôŻ
ػһҪΪԼ
ڳ˵ҩΣɰˣȫʬ
ĬΪΣˣʬ嶼ճɽ̿
뷽跨Σ䣬棡
ΣʦŲΣƫҪΪԼ·˫Եһ
սغѲһʤǰ·ǻȥϣ
Ϊⲻ֪ĪЦϵԼһС
ȥڣδ
ŨĪЦɢɫȻš


50 
һɭһǻּ䡣
ս֮ˣˡ
֮ϣƵɫһ˲ƹĻ·һɽˮ˺ڰײɫʡ
Ǹֶ񷡣
ڱ֣֪ʼһѹӲ£Ϣ
·ǡӣ
ֽĿͶһֱݣֶԷޱϲֻһǱս⡣
ս⡣
ݴ
ûд𰸣Ҳȥ𰸡
ĸΨһܱݡֻҪɱ˴ӣֻҪħպ̹·̤㣡
ž
ѣ¶кнΪУнδʩչ̫ԭ֮Ҳܡ
죬ҶӰɪ⡣
أ𵴣ּ䣬̺֣֮סɫӰ
~
нɳ۶ȥסĪЦذ׹޴ĪЦڷ飬ذ׵䡣ͬʱɨһȣǣһ˫ذ״ģٽһ
ǲ˷нһ
һ棬ܾˣȴռȷ档
ĪЦһЦǰޣ߿ݵӣ۳ޣʳҧǸ첲֮ϡ
ҲʾƴŸ첲ҪҲҪָʹнݴȡ
ϲϳ˺ۣȴ˭ͣǴ˴ˣ
ϯϣǲŤӡ˵ΪߣִֵĴ򷨣ֻӮҲܾˣνһοȻѷһֻǸĵްܸ۷֮˶൱䲻ף
ǳɳֻҪһˣ
ϯŵĶǴˣǲ룬ǶõһʱĿɬ֮ǰһֱ΢ʵɽĿ¶ɡ
ǿΪﶼͨáݵûħ֮ģֶֻսֵֻ֮£ɴСв
һʱ֮䣬ɽӣ֪ͣǸñġ
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˽ʹȫƽѧ񹥻Է˿Լء
˫ĿսӿĪЦǴ˺飬ǰ֮ԽһԽĸɽԽɽ̤ƽ·Ρڽ¡
ֻ·ĪЦ·
ذĪЦα𣬽º죬ӶĿ磬Ҳͬʱӭϡ
ذнݣĪЦ̶һ˲ƸŨϸ֮£ž֮
̨ˣֻܿ˴ˣ⽣Ӱ䣬ǰʮغϡ
أĪЦһѪ⧲Ѫס˫ۣ֮һ١ĪЦֱۣǰһһҽУһֻ첲Ȼ¡
һ˲ϢɰѶȻŵֶκ֮ࣿĪЦд˫ٳ˫ȭؿڣȺȻؿڹᴩֱθ
ǲҽһȴûȥһֻĪЦ۷ĺȻȻۣעһȥѣѪˡ
ɢȥ
ĪЦڵأвͣ³ѪվƹһƬȻ
Ƿֳʤˣ
˽Ǿ֮ˣոմֱĪǾ֮ˣӾأĴ֮ˣҲ֮η
ǺҲԺǰǿߣδֵнֻ֣ܸʤһ
㣬Ժ
˹עս̨Ϸ֮սȴûϯϣңһš
ФȻһ̾ɽأȻ֮ˣ˫ۡ
ս֮ħƽ֮·ֻˣ
ӦԤ⣬ǱŸոƣֱɵڵء
˫Ŀ֮Уʧȥĳɣˮ£ѪӿȪһ㲻˳մʪ˷˿
ĪЦҡҡλվȻƲ˫Ŀδȥսͬ棬ȼա
Σ
ʦֺɬȴ˵һ仰
ǣεȷɣεǿŲһ꣬Ժǰ壬óϲ츳׿սǷ費񲣬Դ˵ĳ۷塣
ʱգسһǿߡ
ˣܸи̵ݣ
ĵ׵׵Ļĵ
ȻݱۣܱȵǣֻǸ֮Сܻ۷ǿߣĻĵ
ĵ֮࣬ҲݶԿ֮ġˣֶΣ֮棿
˽ĿͶԺ˫֮һ̫ԭܣԺ֮УΨ̫ԭһսܣҲܣ
˿̣̫ԭйɢͷһʶһ㣬
ʱѧ裬һٵĵ߸£ǷԸ԰Ѳڡ֪죬ˡȻձȵùݣֻҪһʱ䣬ݱǹ֮
ѵ治
̫ԭδԼɥʧģǰһУֻøۡ˾ǰܸʵ⣬ȴãʤӦ
ķɣעһ
Ժ֮˶ս֮ʱδùȫԾԺǰ塣ҲҲδشùȫǡ
ΡɽǿУܸݣ
ݣλܣ
޵֮ˣ֮ĶɥʧʵеĴɣȻ˿̫ԭȫ᲻һ˿ս⣬˫ֶڶ
ջĿ⣬̾˿һսħ֮ˣֹǣ
ֱϱ˲Żع
սȫʩΪޱսԺĪЦԵһӰס׹Ρ
ĪЦΪϤܰ㣬ڱ۾
ɱ޺
棬棬̡
üΣĿǣĺڰ
ĪЦںڰ˻Ҫ޾ڰȴΪڰɣ޷

һŭ𣬴ǿҵĲŭǲ㰵˺ƻ硭
ĪЦȻ˫ۣһȺɬ֫ûа
˿ԡһҩ֮Уȶȴһ˫ֳȡ
ĪЦɫĪԺһƬңڻս̨ϣܰסǴ˿̡
뵽Ůô֮Լ̱Ԫ˿һĻʱʴ
ѵգҲ㡭
ŮӣҲ¡
˵룬ЩڡƹǣܰϲƬƣӵͬƵⶼںһĪЦһɺĸо
Сүѵĺ硣
ܰƣĪЦͷȥ־ʵڲʺϣһʱ޴룬һ


51 
ܰѽСү޸ֻղٶ䣬Сĵº󻼡ܰÿһֶ˵ޱƮƺʱ˯ţǺ𼫴ĪЦǸΣȴǼᶨҡͷ˫԰ףڱصáˣֺȻݲҡ
Ҳ˵һǻǣħѳһ㣬ǵλΪĳϡ˫԰мֵȻ˵أ³ʮҡ
ܰĬãõĪЦΪ˯ˣŴ˳
Ȼˡ
һ̾ܰ¶ʲôһ㣬ͻȻ˫˫ȣһĪЦǰ
Ů׻ҫۣĪЦʶƲȥ
ܰȴ˹
ܰ㣬ǡĪЦ󾪣㿪κ˫˫֣˿޷ѡ
ڣ봽ֻʣֺ࣬ܰͻȻͣ£Ȼ˵ܰСҶݣûңûܰĽ졣ţ˶ͬ졣ѷºԸرҴ֪СүŮӣ޵¯֮Ϊ¯ǧ̲ˡŮӣҲǿԵġ
¯֮ĪЦȻһʱ䣬粻ʲô֪ݡ
ܰ˵ĵȻ¯֮Ҳ˵ʮѣ޳ˣҲɽ˶ıʲôȻͣЩ֮¡
¯֮Ůޣҩ®ѪԿҩ֮Ƕ޴󲹡ʧӣ¯ŮԪ޺ʵ˫ֻ֮˲ɲľɥҲпܵġ
ܰ棬һΪ֮ʮģպ˵ûҪҩ֮ӿнȡ
ĪЦ뵽ѹ˲ôʱǷף˭¯֪֮գ
ܰһ˵ܰԼҪѧġҪ֮ѧ˴˷СүϴɹǣҲܰͬޣδ뵽СүԵǳԼʡ
ĪЦһ㶣˵
¯֮һ£ȴΪΪԼѧѵ׻Լʣ
ⱨδ̫ˡ
֪룬ܰûİһۣͮͮĽֻǣֻһЩֶΣס
ԣĪЦһЦ֪˵ʲôá
һʱ΢ܰȴҿԽԽ죬뵽ĳЩһʱ֮۾֪ġ
ĪЦΣģ˲ЦܰòףҲΪѡ࣬ȴδΪʲôȻţԲᡣǱձΪѰҩָҶ棬ǰͻˡԴԺһЩҡǿϣɽҵţǣٶҲ޼¡ҸϣÿĿ֡
ĪЦԴǿУʵ֪Ůԣ˵ôŮжպȻ
Ȼܰ꣬һۣ˵Сү˵٣Ҷġպ裬ܰȫ
ĪЦͷһУܰƺݰ˳Υ棬ɡѵԸת̫죬ôŮ˲ֻûԵɣοݵǻʵģŰ
һƬȻаӿ̶̽䣬ĪЦִŮ濴ǰ˳ǸĵŮӡ
ܰ벻ţҶϣ¯֮ǵʿպɣһƽ
ܰãĿ˸أݸһЦЩƤҿ֪Ϊλ㡣˵˶ŮӣҲŮϲġ
ᵽΣĪЦЩڣܰ˵ЦˣһϲŮ˽飬Ůӣ̸ʲôϲϲģ
ܰüҹδ롣
ĪЦܰһֱ˵ҲͬʱŲκĽ̡Բһ۱ɿ˼˭ס
룬޷档Ҵһѽ鰮ԺζҲ飬֮⣬Ҫᡣ
ܰĬĬͷϴ˿ı飺ˣұûк֮ˡ
ĪЦ仰ʲô˼ͼܰ촽סĴ
ĪЦ׻ôͻȻǿˣеһԼ塣
ɲǼ䣬ƣһɨգһ̩ӷθƴ
ܰʲôûа컣ҲʩΪ
֪˶ãĸоȥĪЦоһ𣬲۾Ϳܰɫ԰ֽѪ
ĪЦ룬Ůڻɫء
ܰǿۣҵѪ̲ĪҪ˷ˡ
ĪЦʱˣѵҪȥǵѪΪԱҲˣܰһΪˣ
ָ̧һ㽫ǵѪƽУСΨֶ㡣
ܰɫȴʮοȻû뵽Էѡ
ǹǳЦܰ򵥲壬ȻıĪЦʹüۣⲻĨɫӿһʮֹĸо
ǰҲûŮ˵壬ᾭһԡ˺ܻ䣬Ҳʲô⡣ΪԺͬΪŮӵ嶼ãҲ֪װˣǲζе
˴룬һͬ䡣ܰǺȻŵӣǶȥ
ʱ˫ٽβĪЦΨִŲһ̤һȻĵٳս̨ȥ
ʱս̨һǡ
ϸֶǰƮһŵâëʡĶ棬վһ԰׵̫ԭ
˿ۺ⣬Цݿ䣬̫ԭֻԺӣȻѧĿ죬պǰ;Ӧд£ҷǵ˱㣬ںʱ£Ϥ˷ԵĺôΣ
̫ԭɫ飬˼ӣһʱûпڡ
ϼˣ˲ɫߵҪݶսӮԺ˫ԿףǴҲֻ˳ΪٳٲϴӦĪƲϷ򣬲ԸУ
λǺȻųеǰóģµĶ࣬Ҳףһûʲô̫ԭԿ⡣񣬺ȻУȻٲά衣
̫ԭ亹죬̰׵ĪҪЦ̫ԭܿң̫ԭĪңֶֻηǷҩȵ̫ܰԭΨֲУиУ
ɫԻëʷŵС
˱Ըݴ´࣬ϤƬ̣նⲣ
̫ԭĿɬȴ޿κνӹëʡ
ݣһĳУΪһ֮УʤݽѹԱо±ͼڻս̨նɱӡ
ѱѡ


52 
б£ɫ𽥰ս̨һƬ£˵ĿⶼͶһԺ˫԰ף̫ԭս֮ء
˫ԣҵӽΪҡȻУҵмٽһ봫УʦλϣѧðɷߵȼĴеӣһУ˫ԡ
Ժǿ𣬻ս֮ѹǿУ޳֮˻Ůޣأȵ𣬶ٵɱ֮죬ȴɱз߿ȴҲòϣݾ룬԰ϣ̫ԭϡ
ΪԺ¸صʦ֣̫ԭŽͬţӵ࣬ǼãʵҲ֮飬ǳ˹ǿ˲֪ٱʵ֮еԺס
˵һսǵǽԺ˫Եһı̫ԭķ֮սԤϣսӮʤһܵõڳʶպ׷£Ҳǲܵ¡Ҫ֪ϴӼµӸȣÿһλкպ콾ĸԵֻ̫ԭʤһֿɵá
ڻս̨Ͼվ̫ԭƽ˾һĿ⣬費ϸȥ˫ĿͣãȻɵ˾⣬֪ʲô
ԺսеĴ£û˲ӡȻ̫ԭ̨ϵȴһʱʼղӰ̨ڵСۣһʱ಻̫ԭ鱾ͷ꣬˿ֻǧӬڶ߻ţ
ϯϣɽĿͶϣЦҿݴӣҪô̫أҪôηսӣ˿̻ѵҪһֱȥֱս̫ԭʤΣ
΢΢üϸЦϴԲӣҿǿ֮ţβһ᣿һȡ˫ԿףҺȻδֶһλ콾ϲɺذ
ɽһ飬ĵƥ湻޳ܣϴݷǵӣͲýƤڵһʦģ¾̫ԭڻսֱ̨ӻɱӣˣ
˼ͨ͸ȴûв𴩣ֻҲ뿴ݵļںδ
ͻȻ䣬ȫһ󰲾˶˵ؼ·ֹһ㣬ѻȸ
ɽĿͶս̨ȻͼһӰ֮۶Ų磬Ӱ磬ת˲ڻս̨ϣ̫ԭңң
ǡݣ
ɽĿ棬ЩʧϢȣһλսʱҪǿϼ֣ɰľĿͶ˲Զɫ԰ףѪɫܰϡ
ҩҽȺһ־˵ɷǾסһҩҵӣܰ˳ڣɥתۼʤǰҲˡ
ֽĿͶܰλͺͷ룬ǵߣƲһʱȷˣǲλҩųϰˣļƻ˱
˼䣬ս̨ϣò̫ԭһݡ
ʦսʼĪЦҲһʱóذףԴ϶̫ԭٳûг֡ڶԴӵľأûȴɫ㱵ĽԼ֣һʱ֪Ҫʲô
ֻ̫ԭֶݿɬƣòйһ
ݣ㣬УΪʲô
ĪЦһ㶣֮սĹͷ̫ԭʤôô⣿뵽Ժ󣬴Ծ֮ĪЦʻش𣺡Ϊɴ
ǰֻţȾѪֻصȥ˽һжԹ
ִҲ׷
̫ԭȻЦֵĴʲô
̤ʱգնһвƽ£ӭ̫ԭĿ⣬ĪЦ˵
̫ԭЦимֱ죬ֻܿܿǲ׺һڣܵõɣ̤мˣ쳾ݹǣܳȴǲ׷ǿɼҸ˵
̫壬ĪЦйŹ֣һׯµӣһʱû²ۡ
Ϊ˵ǰУƿɢʱǿ䣡̫ԭо˸ǶδΪҴ֪̫ԭǾ콾ֻ˵㣬δ۷壬һ󣬽ڴˣӲ
ݡ̫ԭЦʱѲŰĲ书ǳڣδԺ֮УŴΰ֡Ϊһ֮УΪ㣬»ص֮ӵλãµõ׷档ҹʸꡣǱ츳ѹһеŬܱƮƮѹ
Һ㣬ȴҲ㡣ֻԼ츳㣬뿿źŬԼһСֱҽţΪ֮ӣע֮ˡɼλӣ֪жߣҲһƽƽͨӡûзþ취ԼǿΪ˼壬ҲΪԼ˵Ӳı䣬ҸŬκ˶Ҫࡣ㡭
ݣ̫ԭȻŬҲȲٶȡԴһǿУ˺ȴʼղʱգػǿ𣬴˺ұʤᣡһսΨһĳ·
̫ԭ渵ֻȻ޴롣ڵе̫ԭǺʦ֣׺άͬţƣرڳУ̫ԭǿ֮ţǿԺúնŮУǾ׷ĵ£ӢᣬΪţպǰ;
һˣΪҪڴ֮ͥ£Ա̴ǹݣƸߵϣ
̫ԭĿ⣬建γбָ棬еıݻΪȻս⡣
һսҲ䣡
ˣ˵档ƮǰɢĹâĪЦĬһֻ֣˸ơ
ɲǼ䣬̫ԭǰ嫺Ȼ糤ϯֱĪЦšһ̫ԭ޾޻ʽȴ
ĪЦֻӺХ˰̶ʹ˫ζ䣬ذ׽ػ溷һ
𵴣ĺȻɢĪЦֻһɽͣ¾ʹѡĺȻʵ޷֮⣬Ӷڽڰˣذ״ظʱѡ
Ȼ͵ıƷף޷̫ԭǱԵɺµıᲢۡο̫ԭںȻŶ꣬ûһۡ佣ηʵԶʤĪЦѷֶΡ
ֻһУĪЦѪ˫סذף˾ţ֮ſסΡ̧ۼ䣬˫ѪһƬʹӿҪϵ
ֻĪЦǰʲôûԹʹѰ˿ʹУֻëëѡذ׻磬ȫûܵʹӰ죬ɨ̫ԭ
̫ԭƺϵһ޷ݣɻӽսܵս⣬ƽʱ񼸷֣͸Ȼֱӵ


53 
ذ׶Իڶֻǰ裬ת˲ѽսغϡ
̫ԭϢȣ˿ңݣ׽⣬Ǳս̨£ڵӽĳȣ޲óϻս̨̫ԭʦһͬӡ
ϯϣϽ̬ƣĻиոմüĿЯʦ̬а޲̫ԭ³ɱݡ
̫ԭëУ̺żΪĶҩѰմֻ֮Ҫ̫ԭëʣ˴ս֮ʱȫз˫˫
һܳжҲ̫ԭܲΪ֪Ϊϵ󡣱Ͼڳ֮УҲǵ׵Ĵڣһֱڸʵݲƥ䣬ٲά裬в˫֮ӣȻŵ𷣱ضء
ȻУ̫ԭ츳ֻ˵ԣȴǶ⡣ǿʳУɾͣȫ޺Եĵӣڵ;Упܳͣɵ˸߾磬ᱻͬ޳Խѹ÷
һĳɾͣѰѡпᣬ콾ԾɲһƽƽĵӣУ
ԣ̫ԭļֵֻڽ֮սСǻûôҪ
սˣԭƻ̫ԭóëʶսٳδ϶սʤݣǸˣŪ
кн̫ԭаͬëһͬϽţҲ˵ϵ̬ȣ̷ФͲù
£ǲˣ
һ㷲붫ɽȴǽһпУЦƽ粻ѣһ߸ϵĳģûٸɣƫƫСʵ˺Ȼų֮ܡ
飬ײµ̫ԭףзУЦ˵ϾҲעССˣƽֻעҵӵĻսţ
أ磬ɽǸһȻصı飬ʱ鼸֣ЦŻӦϺγԣԺ˫ԣҲ֮أΪгϣȻҪһ
תת飬һת֪ϣ˭ʤ
ɽ֪תƻ⣬Ҳ⣬˵̫ԭˣ츳һ㣬ΪʵݿɱȡܽһʤҲǲʤֻ»к֡
üΪݻзΪʤĿܣ
һ·˭ùһδλǿУһδȻǽҲգҲգʵԣǳ˿ɼǸ֮İɽ֮ǰݵ̬ȣŪһͷˮããȻ֪롣
ɽЦ⣬ʱӦЧ֮ǰЯ̬ʵڱҪ޳ܣ
ɫһһףһٶ˵
ս̨£һƫƧ֮أĽ̷Ⱥݶս֮Ѱȥ
ˣһʤսŴ¡ڻս̨Ժս̨һ룬ûܵһʱ֪ݵ¡
ֱϢ֮ʱԺ˫Ե¡κ޲ҵʸȴΪĽ赲òѹ²ӭӵڶյĶսݵԼ̿ãԲ䷨Ϊࡣ
ĽƤһȦͬţ赽һЩ׵㣬ΪһѺ֮ǿǿǰʮĳɼĽ츳ãҲΪֻͣȱٳֱõԵס
⣬Ľ۵ĳɼԽԺģ֮䣬ȫжϡ
Ͼ˫ԣ͵ĵӱ޳ͷ֮գǻݻս֣һ̶ȵƸߵĵӣȻ
ոսαȲԺս̨ĽҲݶ֮Я֮壬һͬĦս
һ·ս֮˶˼Ѫһս̨鼤ȴһԲ׼ݵʲôΣֶսǺεǿУֻܷȺ뾡ȥ
ǰţ㿴аһѪˣ̫ԭͷȻ֮ȵڽڰˣм֮
ɫ˲ҰޱȣʶĴ󺰣Сݣ
һߵĺĪЦӻѶ˼Ƭ̻㱡
ǲΡ
ս֮ʱɵ̫ԭ֮սĪЦ޾԰գ˿̷̫ԭ˿ɳ֮齣ٴ̣Ƥ⣬ٴΰˡ
ĪЦĳǵʹ⣬ֽذ׼̫ԭ󻮹
ذĪЦȻδУȴ̫ԭһһ
ʯ֮䣬ĪЦס棬հʹȻǰУһߵ̫ԭ¡
̫ԭ⧲û뵽Է޳ܣ˴֮ϮʹĿ鴤æˡ
ȻĪЦͬĳУһһ䣬̫ԭȫ˽࣬˱ĪЦǰ㣬˫Ⱥ󳷣ֹŹơ
һذת˲Բλȣֱӻ̫ԭʱ䣬Ѫɣ̫ԭʹһճۺȻͼˡ
Ȼִٻ۵ĺȻԤıĪЦ֡
˫ƶ֮ʣ̫ԭֻһᣬһ飬ǱһƷֱӶֱۣ
̫ԭǿ֮ˣȻѪ֮˷شѪڣʹǳ޷ʩչ
Ȼݾƺʹһ㣬⴩֮ʹܷǰһ̫ԭؿڡ
ǵһ죬̫ԭֻؿھʹҲ֪عѣľ
ΪͽԶʤ̫࣬ոҲһ·ѹԷءû뵽ݱݣƣƹ֮ճһټɱУ
ѵ֮ǰʾֻȴһ̵
̫ԭϲ࣬ĪЦڵһᷴΪʤȫʾֻʵ޷Ӳ̫ԭĹƣֻýڽڰˣѰһƾ֡һ̫ԭܴĹƽ಻ֱ־ݿ塣
˿̫ԭĪЦɻһ˫ذף̫ԭǿ籩Ĺ
̫ԭʽϣвãƣ֮ʱֿסԷͬȵĹֶΣƤذѪһƬ
˾ʹֿסг׹أɢһͺȻſƿ
̧ʱѽĳϣһϣг磬ޱһĽ
⽣ƽƽ棬ûƮԣÿһжɱ⣬ܲ͸磬ڡ
Ѱķ佣ŵǰԷõĽɱ˼в˵
ۿԼĳ͹̫ԭŭ⣬һĴ̽Ȼɳݴȥ
̽ûĳƷ׸ߣȴҲ̫ԭɱﵡؽƪԺ֮УΨ콾ܹӲ
̫ԭƾ˱ݻܣ


54 
̽Ʒּÿһ纣ĺȻɫâ˸䣬ͬɫƾŤתǷλĪЦס
ĪЦֻ֮УһȻӲɣоɲ֮ʣǰһһӰٿسݺؿڡ
һʵ̫죬ĪЦʱŻһѪǿذ׽ֵ
Ȼһ˲ʧĪЦ˸įһ£󱳾ͱϮʹĶͷð
赲һʧ
ĪЦ亹ֱð˼תҲĶֿ̽˿ŷ̫ԭͻȻ
ǻþ
壬ȴܽʵ廯شˡ̫ԭʩչķҲǷƷָάֵӣ϶Ҳ𼫴֧Ų˶á
ĪЦƬ̾һУвɴϲ
ܳŵ̫ԭľ֮ʱɻܴӣȡԺһı
ˣ˫ۡõ˼ޣΧһбޱȡ
ǵε΢磬ҺӵĴУΧ˽ŵ
еĸоεﶼϵ
ʹ¶ȳ۾ȻԤз򡭡
ڤڤУһǰδе̩Ȼӿ֫ٺĪЦʲôϸܣȴһ
⣬㹻
̫ԭܴľ󾪵òѣּɽ֮Уħһ㣬ȴ·ػѪΪ棬ͼ˫Ŀգͬɮ̬Ȼ
ͻȻʶľذף෽һ̽һת˲ָֻ糣
ĳظʮΡѰӿŵ޵Ӻͳȴķ
ɽ֮ڵݣĳֿ磬һ˿΢ɲϵȻ֮ӰȻذ׼һ㣬һ棬ȻֵסɽĻӰ
ֿ磬һЩΪĳϣδܽ롣֮;춷˶ȴҲĹ̡ÿ˵ĵһķҲͬ
һһΣ԰ֻ취ӹ죬ճɵõĪô
ֻǸԺСԵȻԵڶս֮ʱ˵
ɫҰףһʱ֪εȱ顣㵵Ĳֹһˣϯ˶ɫ䡣
ΪߣŻս̨ϴݵֵӰݣеԸ
еףѣ
нһʿ׵ãƮ̵мܹأ
ʱ츳׿ԽԴڷĽ׶Σ˼ȥʲô塣һ˺ֻܶ꣬һλԵɺϵһΣݣһǧĵλΪ
ݣôȻгѵţܵħҵľ裿ѲʲôҿԽ͡
ݣǸţ
һӢţҲ֣֮ЩˣѾãнպĴڡʱҲˡ
гϵ뷨һҲΪųݡȻ֮УȻһ׹ħССӡݣԣԸ㣬ֶηǷһɣһħǸһɳռ䣬պǳɾͷǷ𻯵ɶпܡ
ţǺȻŵĸ֣ǻˣ
뵽Ԥԣоɲһ᲻䣬һֵԤԻˣ˼䣬ԥ
ս̨ϣ̫ԭɫ԰ֽǳʲôֻǾаŵĺܣɵֿΪ𺳡
˷ս֮ʱùһΣȻֿȴҲţ⧲͵Ϯ»ս̨˱Ȼû
Ϊ̫ԭ߳һأû£ã
̫ԭĲ⣬ȴҲͣ߶Ѫ죬ѣȻѵ˼ޡ
ʱ˿̣ڻþеĪЦֻδй̩ƾԼʼϣƤⶼ˳ѭܣǺгȻֿ֮ӰϮܷĸ޿ײȻ
Ϊɱ0֮ʱͨѵɵؾ硣Խһܷ·õʲô磬Ҳ֪
޳֮δȫʩչ˿ó
ĪЦļʶûô࣬ĸֻȻĺУĺȻ಻һ㣬ڷɿ
֪ıݱ򿪣һȫµģΪɳԴݿ֮ƴݻкȻ
оĪЦûע⵽ȫƤʼѵ䡣žƤ䣬µƤת˲Ͼ㣬͸ӯӯ
ǡѳ
ۿݶսƾ̫ԭңŽֶɿһݣӦԼѣѳݣָǿʲô
ȥˣ
̫ԭˮһʱ뵽˴еëʡϵĻƲٳûóëʡ
һĹ̫ԭͷһŻһѪ
ȥֻȫƤʾƤӨ͸Ȼѽɹ
˿̵ĪЦЩĿֲ˰̣òΪȸΪȻ֮֮УƮƮ˵ķΡ̫ԭ֧ŽѺľƣʮǱ
ôһԱȣС
ս˾أ˫״̬ȫһˮƽϡ˶̫ԭǿиɣʵֻӲţݣԴԴϡ
̫ԭȫʢ֮ʱȻʤ㣬Ⱦ棬ʤѷֳ
̫ԭķɽܿסһ˿ѹӲãѳƮƮȻ׹¡
̫ԭɣһѪϣ;ƿݡ
ĪЦۡ
һ˲䣬ֻǰһӴпǧƼһԴ·ڳȻг֮УݷҷٻޣʢһƬһߵĻ
̫ԭͬܵһУ֮࣬һ˲Ļ㱡
ִе˵һƬȻľУ·𶼲ֵһᡣ
Сڰΰǰǲ׺һڿݣ̫ԭһ䲻£ȴҲ飬ʲô
ݣѲͬһصˣ
ĪЦվվȵ̫ԭûгֻ֣ǵ˵ϣΨ̫ԭŬ
̫ԭһ𣬲˼ĿԷ
ҽǷˣиߵͣ已̥ȴͬ˵ǿ츳һߵ˵ŬԽˣҲȲҡĪЦǰ̫ԭĿУ׿ͣ


55 
ֶ֪٣ΪǷ츳ΪĥΪ˱סǷݽĨɱҲҹߡֻҲ°ϲ˶ԣƲˣǹ·ֹ͡ߣȻЩˣ˽¶ҵ裬ֺ
ˣڸ֮Сÿ˶ʹྭûһվڶǿߣȫ츳áͬŬҸ࣬ܵĿ޷ֻǳɹˣֻø߸ϣֻΪǿɼǿߣͨ˸ﲻĸ߶ȡǺ֪Щǿ̤ŶѪټŻһУ
̫ԭ˵˵̫Сˡһ˲ʵֲ˵Σ֪֮һʿûؽɸߵ㲻ǰһֹСΪһ֮Уʱֻһ֮ˣҲһͨпԭԺҸ콾ȴΪһ֮С̫ԭ㽫ҵִǲȥսЩǿˣ
һ仰統ӣһ𵴵̫ԭ䣬ڲԡ
ĪЦҡͷңеĵ΢ӣȻںȻţǶڡʱܽԼֺʱܳؽóжǣȥ㲻ȻʧܣĳɾͣԶԶ˵˵ҪǿĶ࣡һȥʲôɣʲô
̫ԭ㿴ԼҲң
̫ԭҡҡ׹һѪǰӰģŵͷȥֶѪֹԭڶս֮ʱݸ϶ԼϾ˼ơӦʧѪ࣬ս
ʱıһ
ո̫ԭΪûͻȻƾܽݻܣ˿ȴķڷûƾֻҪһֱʹϾܣ
̫ԭЦڳڣһֱ߬ĵëʣݺԶ
̫ԭΪһУ꣬ȴʮľ֮ܣݣˣ
ˣ̫ԭȴް˸ʮ̹Ȼ
˵Ķԣǰ۽̫ͣھ׻̲֪յңӴԺĵҵĵ̫ԭӴ˶׷ݽŲڣ
ĪЦһ㶣˶סˡ˵һǲ̫ԭ˲ĽᣬӴ˻ķСϾȻź󣬴䣬ǸԽύˣҲʱһ
ô˺Ī˸Сܣ
̫ԭҲˬ죬ǰһ˵˾仰̨ȥսͶ
ĪЦ˶ȴɫ糣ûչֳκֻɨڻս̨֧ëʡ
һϸڣȻӲϯϵϡǵͨ죬ݺݵ̨̫ԭߵ˼㡣
̫ԭǸжͶô룬ֻܺҪԼ֧ëʣԷӣһغ
˫Եһֿɵã¾˷޴˼㣡
ؿڣҪһѪҲ˲һȥ׷̫ԭ
˵̫ԭأһֱ̨ӷס֪ϱȻ׷һ·񱼼ۣƣȴǵ͹ϵ޳̶ܳȣ·Уֻ濸ϡ
Ͽֲѹɢ̫ԭԭ壬ܳܵסҡҡ׹ǽǿվȡ
ɫһߵ̫ԭǰһסӣһһ׳գûõĶһݶѣǱ˵Ϊβҵı
̫ԭȻһЦҴ򲻹ķڷĿ֮£ȻıҲʤ֮䣬β䣬棿
棿ŭЦȵҪĹҪ
̫ԭ΢΢ҡͷϺγԡе¸صĳϣ˺еӣǴ´ȥϵ𣬽λѣ
һͣոշŭδֻ̫࣬ôӸ⻰ЩȻ̫ԭҲ֡
̫ԭںȻŶ꣬˼ǳ࣬ȻгϵСλϣгУΪӣҲΪ֮ȻҹȻ䣬ȻбıǮ
˿Ȼ壬˵ݣеǰ취ڻս̨ϣȻŵ׷ĴȻԺҪ׽ҲȻңֻһЩʱգұ֪Ľɱ鷳
һ㶣˸⣬Ƭָֻ̺֣һɵõ˵ģ
Ҫôɱ
ܼ򵥣˫ǰȻҡҵʱֻһͬȥִ棬뵽أ
ԴĿʱԥɱݣΪӻǵĵӣȴҲ֪Ȼſ϶ֻܲסɱ˴Ӱˡ
˭뵽ݣڻս֮ʱǺȻţδ˴ӡ붯֣Ҫһ
֮ʱгһճɳ֪ĳıָε򣬺
̫ԭɱ˴ӣҲǼ¡
һ㣿
̫ԭóĦģɶ֪Ƕģȭ̫ԭԸΪЧݽһܣҶӣʧ˫ԵһͷְڳǸ߸ϵ̬ѵң̫ԭʵڲޣʹûг㣬Ҳ
ոտݣҳı֮£
̫ԭ˺Ϳг𣬶϶Я֮ҶȻϡոֻ˵˼ݻˡ
ԣɫһɣҲſ̫ԭĲӡ
ֻһΣֻһΣٹңȥܵظȥɣ
̫ԭ̧ͷ֮ʱѾټ
ʱһɣ˳ǽ̱ڵأЦһ
ݣܰģֻЩˡ


56 
սʤ̫ԭԺ˫԰סԤϣһʱڵ۷׷סۿϲϲǲɢȺֻݸߡ
һ·̨ͤ¥˽ʱϲһԣĪЦҲҷԡ
ĪЦȻʱҡһУԭĬĴͻȻһ䣬Ȼŭݣ֪
ɲǼ䣬ĪЦоȫѪҺ·𱻳ɣ˲Ĺȥ亹ֱ޷˵һ仰
Ӣϣֱĺ⣬ĪЦһ
Ϊ¾֮
츳Ϊϲ֮ӡ
߱ɱͬţΪбѪŪ֮
ݣҸɱɣ
ÿ̤һ˵һ仰ľ仰˵꣬ĪЦŻһѪҡҡ׹
¶֮ʱĪЦ֪Ȼŵ顣
ʱ˿̣Ļ֪ϵ˼϶ɱǧַὫһ
ȻҲҪĴ𰸣ֻ½ղҲҪǲƤԽתڴϽҪٴοʱͻȻݵڵء
һ㶣Ϣһֻ֡˵һݣΪȻ֮
һݣΪЯ֮ꡣ
һݣΪͱ֮ġ
ˣ϶ְɣ
ĪЦߵľ仰ֱôһʱ֪Ǻáӣ̽ʵȷǷ¡֮´֮´̫⣬ȻŴٽȻϧŰţдģҲ˵Ҫɱ˴ӡ
˭뵽˾
ɫҪŪ飬شҵ⡣
ĪЦЦһҪɱңһɣݲһѳСһգȻȻţҲ𣬱ݲҡԺ˫ԵһΣ츳ΣҪɵ쳾ǲһϴ
ĪЦ俴ʵûġȻҪ˼ֵԼļֵϳλȨأ޳󱲣ӣʱɱʵ˺Ȼ֮Թı˽˫ԵһĵӴֵ
Ȼɫ˵㵹ǽթ
ʶ֮᲻֪ɫܳ֡Ȼ̶ʱڣȲԣʵ˹Ŀ࿴ӷǵ츳׿ıǸɶõ˲š
ĪЦϲɱģ˿һļϷݾʵԷθϳȫ
Ͽã̾ϢȻŲ֮ҲẮ˵֮ġȻӮԺ˫ԿףӦȡøеĽ͡ҵӣչһ
ϻδ䣬ĪЦʮϵ˵Ϳ๦ߣ֮Ը˱׸š
Ȼϲȱһ˿˵οӽжȣܲɴа֮ʢ
ȡһƽݣЯ档տΪУƾƣС
ĪЦܳл
ǲ̲㼸䣬뿪
ĪЦո뿪֮УһӰ㻺ֳΣɽ
ƺ⣬ɿˣ
ɽͷ̾ϢЦҽǰ̤յʿΪһСġȷʵмֱ£ԽˣԽ鷳ʦֳڼеԺֵ֮÷з㵱Ľ£
˿ڲ裬δĶ࣬ǿбȣԣֻҲδػ˵Ƥ£ܺùץӰ뵣ģ뷨
ɽƬ̺ŵ˵ͷ
ɫЦ㻹ʲôȥ𣿡
仰˵ɽ࣬תͷûټ
˵ĪЦҳ֮һ·񱼼ۣٻصסӲڴˣĪЦ¥һ·ڴϣеĺ²˼֡
ǴǸ˾Ƕ£ʤֻ忪עôһ棬պвأֻ»ǻᱻ˳ĳ
ĪЦ˼ǧ˼ҡţֻһУԸΥгǵѣеΪѣպȻٲά衣
֮˼룬뷨
££
ĪЦʮ²Ŵ̽ë׵СԴǲˬĶƺеӡ
ϴγ˯ĪЦһûҪ£ҲҴ
㿴к⡣
ĪЦģȻǴϸơͨľʣɢ޵㣬ƹӣ൱ȻܰѴʲôʮˣеıǳһʱǳ
±ƺ󣬴Ϊ㵵ⶫǺղŲľơ
ľǺ
յĶһ˿廳˼֣ľȻǵĶڽߣʱΪרעЧʸߡ
һתΪ˵ҲΪľǣһЩ֮ӡǽǳһ˿ӡУջ˻ǣֻ꣬һֻ»ص壬ɴǿǱ˱ˣɵ޻֮ҲǴܵĺö
ĪЦʧɫӿԶѹЯ¾Ǿϲ⣬뽫ɿܡһɵĴϣΪ£
ѾǵŭԹմϵ˼ȥк󻼡
ûпԻûķ˴ͣ
²ϣһϵƣӦµҲѡ
˵գſһһâдܳ븹Уצɿ˼£һ֮һģһƱĪЦС
֮ԿʵںȻУֻɡ
ĪЦȻǧлɻֻǸҵӣΪҪ˽
ЦһǳǧʤҶǸѰҵӣǴת٣ܶ¡Ѱɱҡ
ĪЦһǣֻһЦ˵ǰ߾ոһֻΪʵķʵ˾̾ɷ䴫ڸң
ºðû˵޳ܹʵ̫ҪòʱСӣʱͽǰЦҺܴ㣬İɣ
ĪЦƤǽôĶ࣬ȴ޳ַպ߶в㡣ǰкܴڸҵķǿˣȻǰĺôѾҵӣպɽеǻԵǰ


57 
ԸĪЦǻʿɽ֮лǻս̨Ķ࣬˾˼һ㣬ܵõ벻ĻԵҪָʵһһϦɵãҪ޳ܹ̣ٸк
룬˵бֶλ̫٣ҿɴһͽ׷ڵΪպá
һâĪЦ̨Ժ̸ֳǷݡ
Ϊзһ֡ʩչƾճּǷжǽá
ֻǡЧǲʱ̫Щ⸲֮ʱֻӣҪ߶ȴҪķѼ
о֮ĪЦ̾һײΪʲôôˡ
һޱȵķ֮ȻЩз硣¾ǲʱֿһСǸĪĺմߡ
ŷӹûһȷеĸߵͻ֣ձΪзΪƽӹɵط֮֮󣬱ǹʱµĹžƪΪĪģǷ֮һЩܿԵɽ£硣
аŷ㲻ڴˡЩһЩŵʵս֮ʱδزзһЩԶʱط⡣Ȼ֮ʱ£;ͳħ֮Աǡ
ĪЦûǿ¿ԸһߵȷҲ˵ĵ̯ʧ볯ҪȴǺССӴС˯
ĪЦɫ䣬ûȥ
ѣȴ죬ղѰһأٴ߶ţҲδùӳԡ
͸ķҲҪʩ֮˵ͣ
ĪЦٲɣϥ
֮еĪЦȻ֪̫ԭԺ˫԰׵ϢںȻˡ
ŮУλòΪ׵ŮΧ֫hߣੲݡ
̫͵ȡɣʦ㣬ǶԺ˫԰ףİʵҺȻ֮ܣ
Ҳ֪ʲôֶΣʤ̫ԭʦ֣ҵһ
̫ԭ򣬱͸Ժףݺεºܣôң⣬ЦŮܣ
ŮӽΪӸӹţҲӣŮͬ飬ܱӣ
ǾǣܷŹݣ

ЩŮΧߣ֫hûȤੲݣ꣬Դϵ̫ԭ綼ķڷԵβȻʦ㡭ԣӮðףʵ飬Ҫ˵
ˣһλŮɫݣЦǶ֪ʦݣȻΪ˵ݵʦ㣬ºǸⶼûУΪˡʦû㣬ϲһƷаܻ֮ˣֻҪƭƭɫʼ
Ů˵ļΪȴҲһʱ嶯˵ˡֻ֫hΪ䲻ǾȻ츳Ƿֽʹ㷺̫ԭͬá̫ԭѳɶֶ֣һ㿿ɽʱʵǡ
ҪǸ֫hõҹˣ˵˵ҪȥΪݣʦ֮£ԻҪ˵ģҲԸҲ
Ժ֮Уʶ˲࣬ŮҲʶһŴµĿޣƽմŲŲЩԸݣȻҪͨԼ
֫hôʱ̬ȣȫȻûԹֻ̫ԭ˽¶Ƴ̫֡ԭ˶ķڷݾΪǷףҲ֫hȻ棬ɲ򼸾ȥһ׼ҵӣ
ŮɫΪʡ
֪ӣɫж㻹Ϊ˵ʦãʦڻս̨ʧǣ޴棬ͷ˭˵һ乫ֻ֮˶࣬δزʤҵӣ졣
ŮһתңҪԸݵĿɲֹҵȡжԺ֮²ĵӶţëҵĳƽʦ֣ǻս֮УĬʦֵİ֣֪Ѷʹ飬Ҫնڵ¡ǲ֣к³ˣ
ס֫hõֵʦã棬Σ
֫h¶ҧ´˵Ů޼ɶֵֻԼɽҵ£ǣ㡣ʦã¹Ů棬ȡᣬԼɣ
֫hõ֮ˣʱλŮԽ˵þֲܾԸȥ£һʱǧ֪λӦ
ʦãɷģֻǳһڶȡ
ŮַȻ֫hջûֵܵסĬĬ˵ͷ
ʱĪЦһɲǣĿоָٿ֮䣬ӡóӰǧٱһ졣
ָһһϸǽһӽĪЦ
ֻƬ̺ɢɳֻǽһ鰼ۣ֤ڹĺۼ
ĪЦ³һԿЦ
⸲ּףȴѡΪһӣת˲š
Դʵսֻܳ䲻⣬Ч
ĪЦܽ˼ָսȻ˼֣ա
ҵӣ֮Уĵҡɴ˺ķˣֻ¸Ϊա
ɵҳĪЦ˼ǧȴᶨޱȡ
Ҳ֪κĽ̳ɼΡĪЦ뿪Ժδ֪ںȻߵһս̨֮Ů֪պǣԱȫˡ
ڷ֮У御֮УԶŮҲ˼ĽԼͣպضߵĸԶΡ
ĪЦЦһ̾Ψ֮һͷԣײôŮ֡·ԸҲʱһЩ˶ϡ
ĪЦ¥ȥԾδ飬ǰﴦеĹ׵һЩճ裬Ůᡣ
棬ҹɫ
֫hǻŮ֮Сӱߣаʱδ¶ġ
߬˫ĽᣬһʱԼΪʲôҪӦЩŮޡ
ݵʦоܹЩ飬ܺĳȥ
ο׼ҵӣ濪ɽʲô£ȻӲϵ̫ԭ綼
˼ȥǾȥ
ת֮ʣϤʦ㣿
֫hʶתͼݼԾǰоϲ֮ɫԱ
֪Ϊʲô֫hüˣĪŲҲŲˡ
ĪЦԭ˴׼ٻζŮ˵δ뵽֫há
ڻս̨϶սһ£֫hᣬ϶һֱҸϾŮ츳˼ʹ㷺ֻǳ¡мУٲҪŮŮ֮
û뵽ûȥ֫hãڴ˴ˡ


58 
¹ˮ͵ӳĪЦϡɲ˰Ҳƺ˼ֳª˼ڲͬʡ
֫hþиʶݣʵǸżȻ
ĸŮĸŮԿεɾ࿴
֫hŮֻͣǼǰÿһѡһϲÿŮⱾҲûʲôȴְæľٶߵڰһ˼
Ů˼У鰮δֻͨȤ˰̿ϧպиû̱ӢǷˡ
룬ݶ˼ֹעӴ˱񣬵ҲǸԽύˡ
˭뵽˫ԣһ·նΪص̫ԭ綼ˡ
ս̨ϣ۵һ˲䣬֫hˡ֮ˣûоգɶҫ۵Ŀ¡
ɺ޳ֶʦ㣬ɨأŮ޸ͬ飬ıѵȻãԲ͡
˵Ʒ׾֮ˣⱲҲˣȴλʦУʹ˴
֫hðͬĽɫ䣬һԡ
ĪЦܲµ֫hðתǧصŮ˼ֻΪս̨¡ϾգҲΧ֫hߵİ֮һظ鼫á
룬ȿڣս̨ϣ飿ģλʦŮӱ׸вʡʦŲңǼ±⡣Ϊǳ֮սֻȫԸ
֫hȻΪҲº뵽Եɣµĺô򵥣οǵǸ̬ȣ
֫hɫڱ֪ŮпƷ⣬ʵѡûо츳˵ˣֻʸЩޡг˴ϺФϣĸûʮ˸¯һУǱ㲻Ƿ֮ˣĵ»ãɴŮ޵ˣ縡ƼŮӶȲϡֻŮӣǱ㲻ֻʿ¯ҲǻʦʲǾľӪ꣬һǴ˴˫۱֣ңпܸıˣٸӹˡΪģأ֪Ҫʲô
֫hƵĳĪЦü˼Ƭ̣˴𰸣ңӮֵֻΣ
֫hɫһͣ˵ֻʦΪŮ޵Ĳף˴˫ԲʤкεȽ֣̤ŵһÿɼҪΪԼѡ񸶳ۣΪƣԴΪɣʧҲˣ棬ɽҸɾˡ
˴β˫ԣޣǹȣаޣǿΪʦŮӱ飿ɻΪ˼պ󱯲һ˵ģġΪŮӣȻ縡ƼҪӸݣǿηڲؼ䲫һΪ˾ŮŮԼҲô룬ӦЩ׵ۡ׼Ƿ׻ţֻ˱ϢΪ
񷣬ĪЦоâĻǶ֫h˵ҲǶԼ˵
ʬɽѪ˭е˵ⷬ˶Ÿõ滷׵Ľʿռ䣬ˣɲӿֳž޵Ůӡǻλһ£Խһвڽ¡
ûŮӲУֻ׵ƫúܶŮŮֻļء۳ɹϴƽŮĲδȻҪʮٱŬһأվ·ߡ
ŮҲڣҲаҲò٣Դۣնһ·ǰСŮӸߵ·ҲĪЦ·
û˶֫h˵ЩһֱӲһŬУ׵ĳС֮Ҳ츳ȻſأŬȲ̫ԭ֮һ
ݵĻͬһһ»Ůãڰ̫ˣÿֻ˵ϿıãûԺ·
Լ˵Ů޵ĴѣҲ֪δ·жѣṴ̊öûŬС
Ǹӣϸ˼ΪŮ޿֫hԶԣǶ߿˼֡
ĪЦԾڴˣ֫hƺ˼ҲûȥšӴóİ죬ҲûܸãаΪûʱһ죬ֻ֫há
ʦ㣬ʹã
ոջһˣͻȻ䱿ֱŵ̴÷֫h̲סһЦ˫Ŀһ˫ǲƷĴҪ˫д±ǣǧ֮ʹá
ȻǲƷĴҲٹ׵㡣ĪЦ۵˼㣬֪˼ߣĿܹǼ̷ǻǸƴӺвɽʹٰʮ鷽
뵽ͻȻ˴ó֫h뵽ʲôˣɫǹŹ֣յʵҪһ˫ӣ
ĪЦͷҡҡͷȻѾţȻǷޡվҪңһ鷳ǰ·Ī⣬ǵЩ
²ܣĪЦ̹Ȼ棬Ҳ֫hðæ˼
ȻŮɫʱ˼֣ΪĵֻͶҵǿ԰ʹ
ĪЦһĹҵĴ֫hУлʦ㣬ˣټ
˹ϣ֫h˼ӿպãĵλӣòĺã㵱ã
ΨУδɣԵǣ
ȴ£ĪЦһɣ֫hõʱ磬ѧһҪȥɽϰʦ£ʹ˱
ӣӶУ
֫hðһۣȴԾĻϲֻ뵽ɽ壬һʱ֪ò˼Ƭ̣ڵɽΣķʮգ㲻Ҫˣ
ⷬѾǽЩʦˣ֫hݶʲôŮ޽һתûӰ
ĪЦԭ˼Ƭ̣б˴룬ʱҡͷЦ
֮Ѿ׵Ůޣ˵֫hãȴƽϢЩŮ޷ߺޣغɽ޵ʱǰȥǾһ
֫hΪŮޣһͬѣ㵽ֹѾ御
ĪЦǲ֪˵ç⣬еĲȴڴʱȥɽ
˵֣ͰƾĪЦκҲ
ǻϵϲںȻָԼǰɽǱȻдԵ˼룬ĪЦһҧɽȥ
ʱɽ֮С
һ۵ľɫŮߵһɽǰ󷨾дʣƬ̣ɽ¡죬һƬĶ⡣ǻⲢƽůһ亮̹Ʈ


59 
ɫŮоâҫ˫ֱ˲Ϣ֮䣬һɲҵӵİΰɢ˫֮ͫУнɫ⻪һš
һѪ׵ӿŮǰ䶯á
ļŮɫ԰ֽ嶼˼֡
ɫ䣬ָѪҺǰһ·ŶѨȥת۱ʧںڰС
Ůߺ󲻾ãһа˸Ů߳һ·ੲݡ
˵ʦõ׻᲻سŵǰ
òޱȣҲ֪ʲôԻֶΣʦ֮ŮΪ֮ԣҿǰ׵ˡ
ʦñϾŮޣڴǴǰԵͬġ˼Ҫֻڵ졣
һӽңǱ޳ʱҹȵҲֻܷϣʦ˳

Ů֮䣬ѾߵɽԶһλŮ޾һԱŮ޵ĸ첲㿴ɽǲʼĹѨ
Ů޶һɫЩŹ֡
ʼĹѨǺȻŸصʹȻųɼұءʼ贴Ȼɸ˼̣һֱΪšʼսɣʬ˵أظţĺȻšʼĹѨǱŸձȻĹˣĽղĹˣл𣿡
Ѱʱ򣬴˴ɭϣȻѰʼĹѨڡûĹˣҲͲδ˼Ļ󡣺ȻźɽӴڱΣ·Ҳײ˴˴ء
һλŮ޶͵ĻƬ̣Щ˵ҿϢ䣬ʲô𣬷ǹɡŹմ֮ƹ֮ҪոѪҺſϰݣǻ߰ɡ
ԱߵŮԺĹѨĻȻͨ档˵ǹ𣬲
ЦһûжȴҲҶͣ뿪ȴһӰѸײڶ֮Ʒɱһ·ײľˣһ߿ĳ˳
ͻȻŮһ׷ױáӰֱ֮Ӿͳɽ
Ӱʧ֮󣬹˼£ͻȻϨ𣬶зһ¡죬ʲôűرˡ
һ֮䣬Ů޷ң಻ȷĿ˿˴ˡ
ոˣݣ
òޱȣʿɲ˭
ľʹ˽أҪҪʦţ˵ݳһ

Ƭ̣곤ŮȴҡҡͷʼĹѨأжػޣҿݴȥȥ޻ءðȻʦţֻʦ׷ᷢΧɱݵ£ʱ򲻺ճֻڴػǹӣٸһ
ΪȻĬĬڶڡ
ʼĹѨˣȻĪЦ
Ѿȫ;в̫ӹ壬һ·ֱײŪñˣһ̷Žɽ
һȾ޴ʯŻ£ɽȫ룬âޡ
ĪЦŻʹûĺ¡
﾿ʲôطΪ
ͬβֱӴɳر˸˸ߵĺ꣬Ի¶ϲãߣִ٣飬ĪЦ档
Ϣ
ĪЦ֪˭һ䡣֪겻֪ʲô裬¶ŮҽߵЦ⣬֪ͳһͭͭԵǶҹ飬ϸݡʱ̾Ϣʱǳ
ĪЦһ飬ƾԷı飬ܲ³߰˰ˣһʱĻԭڵʣңΪ˸ľ˼һ棿ȻŴôȻŵǣ֪ΣķСĽôĶ֪㻹Ļ᣿
ûн̫࣬ɽǽһ㣬þṳ̂һ
ĪЦ޿̣תȥǾ޴ʯŶ޶ԡΧûκλش飬ǻ˴˴
ĪЦ˰ΣҲ򲻿ţֻ÷Ȼֻ.ĺ꣬һ㣬ٸô뿪
ɽ֮أӲ´Լ·߿˵ǺɽҪôǿ޵ĵ̣ҪôнأôĵطĪЦɲɵðȻ˿ȻճҪȥɱڡ
¶ٻָ˼˸˼£˴˺ȻʼĹѨȻµıɷֻһǴ컯ѵ㲻룿
ĪЦЦ컯ٴҲòС˼н˵أ²ΪҶᱦɣ
ʱӴ֪Էԣᱻƻ󣬵ԸԸ⣬ʼĹѨұҪҵҲ㣬;ñȫ㡣
˵գ»СӴСĪЦС
ۼûз뿪˼ĪЦֻ֮ǰСȻʼĹѨҲе伮֪һ
պȻɸգʬ׹쳾ڴˣɾͺȻһɼ֮ء£ʼĹѨȻŵ֮ŵڡ
µҲûȫڲƭ˴ԣΪʵʣҪ˵ûʲôš
ȻǱȻĪЦڴѹһ
촽ĪЦһ̤ڰ֮С
գʼĹѨлɱʤΪǶϱŮӵĵ˴󲿷ɱѾͣ͡
ĪЦںڰ˲֪ãǰһĨ˳ǹУһ֮С
⾲޽Ϊ򵥣ûзӵĲáǽŲĸܣֻǴ󲿷鼮ѾȱʧԵÿյġУһһλˮеˣ󷨾˫ۣƺСգϹճӽɫĹ⻪
ˣվտü˼еϸǰ
ĪЦſţȻо°ޱȣˮ֮Уɫʼ롣ǰһλò˻֣вڶˮУգһƬů£λۡ
ֻһ˲ĶӣĪЦ궼ʹ޷ʹð亹ȴ޷·ʲôסˡ
Ƭ̺ӿ˵ѳСԵڴˣ
ӿʮ꣬ȴΪĪЦһֲĸоӿͷ͵ͺ£ȴֺ޻Ӧ̾
Ȼ˵أˡ
ĪЦ˵ĺܴ󣬾޷Ӧɽ˫ۣظ֮ǰĻѳСԵڴˣ
ٴʻʱһЩ
һΣĪЦûðȻػӹȻһظʻ߽һЩ
ĪЦ𽥸ֵļУֻ䡣뵽ʦŵ伮мص£һЩ֮ԣֻᵮһǲлꡣ˻겢ԭˣǰִ
ִͬлƶҲǲͬǰӣ𲽽ӽԼѲȻʲôö
ʲôõˣֻһӽԼ


60 
ͨһ㣬ĪЦԴУȻƣѳ֮õ˼¡ֻžһϵļȻѣޱߺȻͬڷɶȥݺݳϣ
ζ֣˺αװ¶б֮ɫ˵ͻȻӳϸһһҽͷס
޷˵һ£㿴ذ׽зãˮϢγֻӴޣҧĪЦ
ৣɲ֮䣬ĪЦѾ׽ֻնɱ޻Ϊˮ£
Ͼ˼ǱĪЦ̤źˮתǰ
£ܸоӰͬһ㡣УĪЦһóǿսȻкӺֱײ
ѳ֮ĺȻ֮ϵúۡȻ⿴Сȴζ˰벽
仯
ԭɫͻȻ֣ĿĽΪ£ºˮѳױΪڣһɭֲϢɲǼռСƤͣˮ˺ܾõʬһ޻Ϣ
ĪЦ󾪣˺󼸲ȴ֮ǰǰ㱻ʻŹˮ׾ĪЦȥ
нƻȴǼ죬ת۱ǰ״ĪЦһĴóһŵƷֽ˷ΪˮΪߴϣϧһûʲôõķϷˮĵطܽˮ۳һơƵжǿֻʮĹ׵˴𰸡
ӵֱۺ⴩͸ˮܣĪЦȻ˿̣ĪЦóһŷݺ󱬣
׷
ͬʮ׵ķϷ໥Īܡӱˮʪֱ˲㺮ǣӲޱȣ޷
ôʱĪЦԥذףֱжϡѴѪҺֻһƬڡ
ӷһҵĺУ˻ˮܳ׳壬һֱֻץĪЦš
ذֱഥĴ̶ĪЦƷɣˮ֮С
ѹȸд˷ӿĪЦ𽥸оϢ岻ܿƵ³˼άҲźˮıó
ʲôϸֱ棬ǿܱϳĻ
ˮʲô
󣬻粨ΰӿ
ӣԺӶˮԵԵˮС
ҵĵˮ
꣬кˣһǻ

ʱ˿̣ĪЦﻹסһλΪӵ棬δ͸ˮİأջźȥ
ֻǸ;ûõķˣܲµõʲô˿̣ʵʵڴ򲻹ˮϵӣͱҪλ־
ĪЦǿ߶һֽ⻪֣ʱˮ
ޱߺڰĪЦڵˮܸۣһΪˮ֮ľУˮУ
ڰ֮Уû˶ĪЦļ٣÷֧Ų˶ã⻪Ѱ٣ܿͽ׹ˮ
һУ
ĪЦæԣˮۣӦˮУˮܸۣˮΪǧеĹһ㣬޼Ԧˮ˱ˮۣˣ㸲֮ա֮˳Ӧˮʹ֮Ϊ˳ˮۣһǧǱǷ֮ڴȻǰСɿܣȥˮ⣿ΨˮĹ˳Ӧ𲽼Ԧ
ⷬҲǺ˵ġĪЦ˫֮Уڻս̨һЩʱ˵ǽǷһ˵
ˮ֮Уһ˫޴۾
һ˫۾ǻƫִǡˮһ㣬ͺֽȻͬʣ˫۾ɢһ
һˮδܲѳСҲǷǣ
⻪ѹѾҪɢĪЦ˼תѹ£Ȼ۾õ˼¡
ĳٽ㱻ײƣһνǹĪľ֮С
ˮеǻ޷γһССУڵĵطڳһƬհס
Ƭ̺˫۾Ȼ˼ĿСɢеϢ۾˼£ǲԸ㣬˫۾˼֡
һȻϢڵˮɢˮϢƱһ㣬ĪЦΧĺˮԽԽ࣬ԽԽĪЦϵĹ⻪ȻɢЩˮȴͬ˺һ㣬ˮϸȥ

ĪЦˮ˳֮Уȫûв
ڲ׵ĺˮˣǻһоʡȻĹ֮ⷽеˮ峺ɢȥ¶
һƬ͡
֪˶ãĪЦ۾һˮ֮УǰȴǸҪĹһЦӡӸ֮ǰòһģһֻȸΪʱ𻯷ˡ
дͣº͵ĿĪЦ
ʲô֣
ĪЦ⻷Χȷվ˿˹ֵݣǰ
ܲƺܾûô˼ˣЦݿ䣬͸׽
ִ㲥ִˣҪɢһ򣬾ǲˮ֮κԲ㣬ܲƣִҷֻ֮·
һˮˮ˳ָߣֻĵһС̲
ˡҵȷˣҪˮԽǿԽסССͣһ㣬պؽǰ;
ݣȻ콾ĶݣԸˣһ컯պвꡣΪȻ⣡
˵գһ֣ĪЦͳþ
ǰ±úڰǽһҹ飬ĪЦҰָ֪ʱһƬ̶֮УӶľˡΧľҲ֮ǰľһﲼҳܲžʮֹžɡ
æӺ̶̶һλվŵӣ˫Ŀգ󷨾һ续оֻλǰƺ˺ܾãϰʬɿݣ°ʬףԵЩײࡣ
վֱ壬Ǻ̶еʬɢΪ촷ʧˡԭվŵĵطһʮֺľܵʲôָƮƮĪЦűߡ
ĪЦæص棬ֻýڵϣ˿
һۣϲ
ͼͼ
ĪЦгҲѹʧ̬ʵͼǺȻŵ伮зǳķȼΪƷƷƷʥƷƷƷƷеƷֻսУ˼ʥƷͼǵ伮ᵽĺȻŶʥƷ
Ŷںɽ֮лһЩ࣬УҲɱ֮ȡ֮ȻıǻޡͼУ˺Ȼʷޣһ޵İٿȫ顣и꾡޵ϰϲƫڻޣǲɶõı
ĪЦͼϸĶƬ̣ͼһȻǶЩٿȫĽܣڶûϢ
һЩȻ¼Ķޣ˵Щ޷ӡͼ֮УҪһΪſʹ


61 
ĪЦɫķİΣϵıء
֣ͼȱʧطᣬдհףҪĵֻʮֻƷײ㶥ޣЩطмûͼס
Ȼŵ伮صʥƷͼŲСࡣ
ѵҵõǷƷⲢͼ
ĪЦţЦ˵Ǻﾹ䵽СúȻżŲҡ
ĪЦü˻ν⣿
֪ͼ֪ε
伮ƣͼǺȻʦǧ֮ɣȻţķ벹䣬ճͼΪȻ֮һ
ĪЦȴһȻһɺԣͼʥľɵ֮Ϊ۴б롣ɺԱֶδľ⣬ȡ˴䱦УͼҲûú³䣬ΪԴʹ֮Ϊһ֮أʼĹѨǸǸʥ
˵ǰ֮£ߣϧͼԭƷ֮ʱأΪʥƷʥƷҲǳܹԦ
һתͻȻţΪ˼Ԧ˱νɷѿģޣΪ֮֮¡
ݴͷļʶԶԼɱȡԴǼ˼ͼƷɡĪЦأԼ񣬾ͼֻ겻ټһҡǷģ
ĪЦǳ鶯İۿ񷭣κˣҲ̣ΪޣԦ˱Ҫ
ͷЦĲ⣺ľɵصıȻֻ޼ԦΪٸߵߣҲܵȫͼǰԲᣬȫ˾̸֮ǵǷӡ౩Űޣȫʮˣǿɲľ֮˱˵ԦǣֻҪһųҪ̳ԸɾȻùǣҲҪʱˮԣȻЩαӣһִ˱Ҫ취ͼе޴ùϵոռĽӣУ˱õµˡ˳ΪʵԦ޵ķ
˵һѵû˵ĪЦէͷϣĿϻֱ˵ʱزȥ壬ܰҼԦ˱ұؿѰԵ
ˣĪЦޱ˳죬ϲ˵Լ֮һᣬ
ĿĪЦѲƬ̣һʱֲ治ǼٲԴŮյĴϻۺչĵӣ᲻İʾ
˼Ƭ̣´ķϻûǽޣͼе޹ϣЩһźʮָۻʹԦ˱Ҳѧްɣ
ĪЦЦ⽩ֱϣʶԶͼոտĵʮУйĸǽȫźǡ
뵽ոջ뽭۵תۼ͵֪ɷǵǰ㱯߹ĪЦˣ޷ֱͼ⽫˱ٿȫ飬ޡ
ΪϬʼĹѨԭ
ΪǳǲҪøԶһ㹻
Ĵԣͷ˼ֺ۵󣬶˼Ůĺ棺㲻һǿ֪ǵЩǽȻŽ췭ظҲпܡ治ģ
ĪЦɬҡͷҾһã֮ˣΪΪǾӣȴҲЩߡΨд˷ܽЩֻ޸ܡ
²ĵ׷ʣһܵû֮Ůòô㶼ԿҲԸ⣿
ĪЦ֪Ϊʲôôĵ⣬ŭҪᣡ
֪ΪΣ侽ȷŭӣã󷢴ȱ䣺ʼĹѨÿʮ꿪һΣҲǺȻŴеϴ֮ء㴫зҲڵͨõǾ޾֮˵أǽӱǽ㿴ɺȻӣ˴ҸոѰͼණֵһᡣ
ĪЦûſֽţһѹΣǿҹ鶼ǽϿνëһ㲻ʣ
ǰǸᰮˣ޷鼮Ժܶ࣬Ҳרޣ̫࣬յ޷ˮ֮ա
˴鼮ͽӵıʼǣҲûĪЦջĶ࣬󿴿ֽֿ봢˷ܳ嵭֮ǰĲ䣬תۼԲЦտ֮죬Ŀࡣ
ǰһ֮ںδ
ŮÿƺֻǾ޺£һ˦βͣ㵱ǴײˣʼĹѨУһֻһ·ֻܾһ񽭺ִȥż˴ˣǶ˲ԼĶ̻ᱻȻų֪
ʼĹѨȻͼȹıǱأĪЦ֪˴֮ͣ󷨣һʱֻӲµǲ
Ҫȥδ
뺮̶
ʼĹѨ
۵ľɫŮӳĬһ뵺ĳˮǰˮϷƮŨĺһûɵڰдǻˮȴȼŹ̻ܻڷ裬ʹʹ಻
ɫŮЩӴܾеһ̤ˮƱãͣһӽУȫû
䣡
һɰԻɢ̻Ǿ𵴣ɢЩŮӽŲ̤˹粽˳ˮС
ͷУٿһֻ۾ޱǿ˴˷ռ䡣ڴ˴֮˲ƳԭһĳˮУһˮ餡
֮УһվȻ׵Ůӡ
Ůڹ֮Уȴ˯ȥӣȫߵĿֲ̬֮
ɫŮ£ַ˹֮ϣĿ⸴ӵĿŹˡ
̻ҡҷͬڵŮϣҲһģһ


62 
̻ʴ¶ʹ֮ɫβͷͫҲήңְյ״̬
̫֮ǿ𣿡
ǲİ㣬һӲƵҫʱ䣬һ֮壬ٴν̻⡣
䷨һѪӶͫд£ˮ֮ϡ
ѪҺ˲䣬ɫ԰ֽǺ𼫴󣬶ԭ޷϶ˮ餣ûɵĿһѺۣ
һҪٽͼΧ̻Ȼǣ޾ų֮˲佫ֵĽƳ̺󳷣˳ˮѪϥڵء
ͣ
δܼʱ̻Χ仯Ϊ촷ɢ
һ޾ֱ̨֮
˻꣬
ɽѹɫԲ԰ףͫܿƵıպʧվվ
ˮΪ̻Χƴӵˮԣ֪ʱһӰӰƻãʵ塣ԭǿҸʴ̻֮𣬾ԳԣûҲ¶֮ɫʹͷ
Ӿˮ֮УĿĶŹˣδͶעָ̧ڹ֮ϣǵ㾡ȫѺۣױ޸
̧ͷſòֻһۣ޷֮ġ

ʼʥ֮ףսҲǶĴڡȻٴ˵أһƷعˡһƷҲڵԼԿ⡣
ֻǡǿķڷ䣬䱾ҲΪ𡣴Դ˶Բ顣
֮䣬Ķࡣ֮£˺Ȼ£ȴƭƺֻһǰ
ʵһ˿ãͷŮһģһʱ֡
֮£̣ȥʱδ֮ʱ̤ʼĹѨ
ƽעֻоȫѹΣҪλȴδŲֺ
˼תʼĹѨȻаԺ±㲻Ǿʹ˷վûɢ³
ΪΪԼǺȻн٣ĹѨѰƽ֮
ǧרȻ߾ȴ֮ɿ԰٣ҲǸΪŵɡ
˼Ƭ̣ĮȻ˷ţֻҪʼڴˣٺȻŶɽķΪ˻꣬ҪŬУΪΪ֮ԽƱ磬㣡
ںȻУҲųȻ츳λ󣬶ڰУֻʱϡʥɻ֮ԣӦǿڹ˵ϣʱĲ٣һ䣬ȻֱӽЮ˳ȥ
ʼĹѨδ۸ӣһŭ˼ӵǧ֮⣬ڼʯڶأ̶Ϣ֮ڣԡѪƴһΪǿ׹һ̶֮С
̶ˮǣżйǺ֮˿ɼ֮ء
ĪЦں̶ζã̶ֻˮ·ԶҲ˾ͷ
йרŵѵ־ɷϴǿ̶ԶտɱȣɱһʱԸоľ֮ʴ಻ԡ
⺮̶ͨηȥҪΪɽĵһˡ
ǲĪЦ룬µʶ֮УֻҪָķнٹʱɳˮ˵ǺȻ֮أкطϢ֣Ȼǰรɡ
ôԣĪЦķҲֻ֧ţȻǰȥ
֪˶ãĪЦʶ֮ʣڿһϷ̾һҪȫǹ֮ȥˮ˷ӿĪЦǰһδӦһӰӱ㼱ٳתۼײĪЦһɰײ˳ȥ׹̶
쵰࣬ɫħ
ߵĺϣݺᣬǧû¹꣬ɢ¶ȡ֮ϣҵĲսĺˮ
ĪЦڸѴϣԲѡ߲ѻΪģβв߶ŸŮºšҲ֪˶£ﶼϵãĪЦڿȳˮۡ
ǣ
Ϻڷɣϸɿݿȣ˲ѰĵطǵһμʶΪ󴳽ĳʦС
Ҳֱ֪׳ĪЦɫƣЩ˼ıͷҵҲޡ˵ʼĹѨǺȻǰҲû֪Ҳ
ôȥ
ɫ΢죬յ˷粻ȴ޳·ǴĵرûĶ֮Сҳ·µȻʲôȥҪã
ĪЦֻһ֪ĺ꣬ԼͿһҩĿתߡ
࣬һλϱ۵ľɫŮӣ¶ʹ࣬ɫ԰ֽǻԣо绪֮ˡ
ŮҲİ
ҸոձǱײ˴˵أʦΪλ
ĪЦɻȴǲҽѯʡʼĹѨǴȻŹ֮£ŮȻҪ鷳
ʼĹѨ⣬ôŮ޿˵أǲʱȥ롣
ĪЦһͷۣǴֻһɵ޴ꡣˣֲִݻܽһһ
ĪЦɫãͳذףҪ˻Ե
ȴŮͻȻ˫ۣ˫ʲôƬ̺ӣ˫ü˵óһŵҩ£³üѪϢƽ
ĪЦע⵽˫Ѫͫһ㱡ʲôش
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µԺ𣺡ȷʵشĿӡŮűĻɲڽɱԾ󻼡
ĪЦ˼Ƭ̣ȴĬĬذס
޶Թδһ֮أ¶Ҳ·дŮ˵֮
ڣ˭˴
ˣǺ֮ǿߣ㲻ܲµĴڣҲܺĪЦôλεĴˡܸܵͳĺȻǺȻŵĵɡǵԼǰˣ׹뺮̶˹ȥ˴ĸоȴʼĹѨȻͬ
ĪЦڣȴǸδŮΪĪЦǺȻŵҵӣһ֮ʱ˴ˮУ˴˵أڴ˴жꡣոҿҲźȻŵĵӷ㽫ˡ
˵ⷬȴǼ򵥵ĺ߰˳˷أʼĹѨĻ죬֪˴ȻҴԣʱһͬסŮȥҲ֪˵س·Ҳֹݱ¶ʦ


63 
ĪЦϣ©ٳĻֻ΢΢һЦ˿ûɵ˼ֻǼ򵥵ĵлѯһЩ˴ĸſãȻ֮ɫαƺҲεء
ûе⣬ĪЦĬĬذջشһʱ޷͸Ů˼
ҵӣԲ¿Բٿɱ벽յ֮ҪŮ׾٣ҲûҪ˺Ƥ
ĪЦ˼תʵʦˣһΪҪҸ߳٣ؼʶ࣬ܿ˵ʵ
ҡͷ˴棬תԳأӦһĵرĻþֻþŨ֮أǳڡϰж꣬ʮտƳþֻϧ
ϧʲôĪЦѾĻȤʵ
ֻϧΪ̫ͣˣ޷ƻáҡҡͷƺΪϧӣ֮ƣΨеָƣƾ֡
ʼĪЦûо˵κŵôԣ΢΢ü
۴ŮĿģĪЦ˿̷ѣҹʦԶǶʱԻָ˼ұŬУΪʦ㻤
Ǳʦ÷ġ
˹ȻǾˣԻоʡĪЦջϴ񣬶ԻˣȻ̶ֳȵ⣬ˣδΪǿʱһãҲ֮ס
һһƴСΪʲƮڵءһȻתۼ仯ΪѰľݵĴС
ľдģΪ޻ܽյɢĺâĪЦУδӦоУǲסˣûκۼ
ĪЦһ۲Ȼ˱ռ俴żª˼䣬ǵһ㣬ȣ´˱Զֹǰ
Ƭ̣ڴ£ҲûжԣĬĬ˹ˡ
ϢƽȣһŨĺȻγΧƣеôŮͬɰ翡
¶ɵˣҲ֪Ϊ˺ֵزΡҵӵľΪᡢѸۡ䣬ÿһַϢˣĪǺ֮ǿߣ
ĪЦ˼䣬ȴͣ˫Ŀ
ʦãҺÿ𣿡
ĪЦ֪⣬ʵش𣺡ʦȻǼġ
ǹһ˿ζЦ⣬ʦҺÿԲһֱҿ𣿡
ĪЦŷӦոһֱ۲Ů٩һʱЩȣΨ˵ʲô֮
ʦˣȥתת
Ӱ״Ӵ˼ʧϵЦ˲ʧΣӡһ۳ڶͷУ۳֣ɫΪҰףͣ
Ƭ̺Ȼʧͷһ³һѪ
ˣʱɶͨǿд߶ֻܼơĪЦȻŴǧ꣬йдֵʿʼĹѨΪ
ĪЦ߳ľݣѰƫԶһЩĵطŽ·˳
էһ֣±ͷŮһɺԣĻ̥㲻ɱĪǶɫģ
ĪЦһ飬סƿڴĳ嶯˼ΪģֺġδٽҲ١
ĻѹûͶŵһ䣬¶ƣҲڻս̨ϱȲ·ĽΪչˣ˼˵˭ǲ˭ֹ֫hΪŮޣ˭ܰԧ칲ԡ䲻ϧԪ֮Ϊˣ
ҧгݣĵ˿һŮӣһʱ߷߲ƽ
ĪЦһʱΪ٣Եɡ˿̲зĪڴϱ⡣
벻ţһУûа˽顣ǻȿδӴ˼ȥ
һް˽飬ҿɫȣƯŮӱҡҷ鲻Խˣ为к𣿡
ĪЦֻˣʶҪըѣǷﵽ۷壬ȻץסβǻԲƨɱһơָĺã֮ĪЦһһһεĳ嶯
ңɱ㣡
һ㶣Ƭ̺źǺ쿪¶ݣſڱҪҧĪЦӡ
һһˣƤŤԡ
ۿǺҪĪЦСָϵ˿΢⣬һͣ˫Ŀָ˼
Ծ´ĪЦ£æתΪƣƬ̺ɢĪЦ֮ɫȥɫŹֵĿ¡
ովô£
±һϵƣҲðʧ֣ոΪ
Ŀ˷֮УƺаģΪԽߣӰԽ󡣡
ʼĹѨ֮أ亮̶аҲ֮СĪЦҵæó´ϡ
ɲǼ䣬ǲ֪ȥĪЦֻһɣ˫ĿյĿռУһλĹӰ񷶥ˮкĿĵߡЩӰŮ٣һЩӰСͯˡϵıһޣȫľ֮ɫƺǡ
λȺƮ⴩壬ÿһνӴϵı仯һ֣ǲԣп򡣶λƺ޷£ÿҪĪЦ¶ʹ֮ɫȥ
ԵԴͷ
ĪЦк»СӴС仳У߰ĪЦ¶һֻë׵СԴ˫۷ĶǰһĻ˷ܽеǹᣬڹûĶ֮У
Ϊ᣿
λй֮һ̣Թصϲ֣ʳѪ⾫跽ܷѿɷ֮ǧ꣬ܿνһһ磬һҶһᡣһûප죬䶴°빦벻ĺô֮˽Уᱻ̺ɷ֮ǿձУΪϡ˴ռʵɷ֮Ｋط¡һᣬƷʸǼáἫѵãҲһᣬûеһʱߡҲ֪ĪЦǺηһᡣ
ĪЦϲʵǴǷҲĪ洦
ҡҡͷ˻ĹᣬֻԹ棬ǽӣԡɷɱɷ䣬ԹĪѹ֮֮ȴԵͨͨǷӣ˵Ҳ֮꣬Ϊҩãٿǧꡣ
һĪЦ˫۷Ź⡣
֮ˣԪ֮˸ʣΪƿڲôĹԪոռǽнӵţӡԽǸ޴ܣԽԪ鵤ҩȤֿ֮
ùӣ
һ̰ӣ²ɺЦô׽Ҳ㲻Ϲ֮һ㿴ɿݴأҲޣǹޣɽЩλϣ˷գ֣ӡ
ĪЦңãأֻһߣ˵ǹޣĹޣҲҪǧֵ꣬һ
֪룬ǹһ˿ζЦ⣺һȴ


64 
ĪЦǰһʵ
õͼУһ౦󡣴񣬿ɸ֪ڸ֮ѰٱȺһǿҶӶ鲼գν޿ײ룬ޱ͵ϧ̰ԣ֪ˣܵڤȪ͵ԹΪ׷ɱ岻͡Ϊӻ׳ʿɱȫ壬ֻʣһԸʽͼ귣ĪЦȲóͼȻУж౦ͼ
໳ӣ౦һ壬ͬ壬ޣǧһٶʮ꣬ǧꡣѰݵ̰֮ʳӣϲԷл֮ĵãŮɡ
˶౦һŹ£бʣթ̰Ψ뿡Ůʹ䶯ġȻ󱲣ɫɫǿΪۡ
౦һΪ΢;ɾȣ໳ͬߡ̹ƷҩײͬޣΪޣΪޡ

ͼĵȻִֻʮֻصΪ꾡໳ӵΪͨԼƽ¶ϸֻǿһ飬ĪЦѲµµ౦һ帲𣬲ǳԴ֣֮Ⱥ֪ܲķѣǿĳ໳ӣԱУԴ˻ȡͼѵĻᡣ
໳ӼȻǹޣȻڹĪЦһϲĿͼϡ
ͼ֮ϣһŻҲۣŶСչĴ󡣴ϵأޱȣƣݳª룬ǹſˮһɫжģһֻ֣ƺڳһɷǵͷϧϲײĽκͷĿ֮ˣôô
ĪЦų໳ǿݣ뵽ǽޣĪҲֻһȣǲ̫Щ
޿ɷ־Žףһ޶ǱѰҪǿЩϣޱһͨʩչСÿһףҪ࣬ȴҲʿΪǿ󡣴ޣͬȻŴеӵΪ
ĪЦҵӵĹûѧȻñū۴һųƱغ
Ŀڲϣȴߵ׷ɱö౦һģҺ塣ҺвѪΪδָɱҲδشסҲ֣˷Լ취
˵գͼʹ֪֮ĪЦ
ĬãĪЦǵͷóذ׻ģһεѪڶ౦ͼϡ¿дʣһްѪҺһͬӿͼƽͼմȾѪ󣬾δܵ˿ǣͼøΪ·ͼеĴʱܱĳһ㡣
ĪЦĵѪҺãɫҲ𽥲԰ס͵ĪЦЩѣ֮ʣͼϵĴգգۡͬʱһĸоĵӿϣ֮䣬ƺ໳ĳ˵ϵ
ˡµѪǵһʳѪҺմȾϢ˺ֻһͼ֮ڣÿֻ綺ʱ̣һɱ㣬ΪвԴ߶ͼջشޡףпǡ
ĪЦƽյ磬ϲԥ²г໳ĸԸΪãֻܿԼ
˿ҲΪβ¸ոǸЦЦ֮ɫ໳ɫжֺܱܿźûʲôõóֵѹֶΡֻУΨһ·ߡ
ĪЦȻܾͷֿɵõӣʵġ˼ȥиһơ
Ѱ˿ʯͷֽӵ̶ȣȷϢԲɢ󣬲ŽͼӵԶһ໳ӷų
ֻͼâԣһСӰٿ˳֮УһأӰ쳤Х¼ϸԣүڳˣأǽСΪôû̵үĪϴεү̫ͣɵˣ
䣬֮У㴫һҼУѽѽѽүˣ⵽ʲôط
ɢȥ¶һֻԼĪ˶ߵ󣬸ͼһ޶˿öŷ磬һȵ˼ģӦһЩҿ˿Ŀ־֮ɫ˼ӡִ˷Ϣһ˫Ŀת
ͼУҹ֣ʱⲻҲ֪˶¡ѪϢǸΪĵ͵ĺȻŵӣĪǽҲ֪Сδ㣬˵иǰߣµүֱС
໳ֹϱʱˣʱ˷ܡ
Ҳգ֪үϲãسֱ֮ҪôǳŮӣҪôɾõүθڳʡ
໳ⲽѰ٣ȴ߰ϢҲޣоɲ˶ͷϸƬ̺ǰһͼڼϣڵľⲽ
ĪЦϢӣҷ졣ֱ໳Զ˿
¶ë׵СԴһŹֵĪ뽫׸໳ӣŮĵնȴǸɶõŮ
ĪЦһЦ˼Ϊһʯ֮ߡʵв֪ǳ໳ȥ̽̽ԣûзŹŮĵĸزͷܾ֮ʣҽ֮ʱ
ֻǺȻһҵӣˣ޿ڳ໳һ⡣ɼȻŮΪ¼ɵֶΡĪЦϲˣк˼δ˺ƤɷδŮָΪ
´Ħ仰֮⣬˵ͷв뵽Ȼʶ޳֮ͽΪĿĲֶΣǵŮܸᣬҲΪɫԵĻӹ֮
ţ¾һ˿ϲ֮⡣
˵ľаĵϢ˷زްµĴȴɾʯɣʱ޿̲ɢƾŴ֮ϵ⣬ֻ˫һ㿴С
ȻʵδҸǣȴҶʱɶͨΪơֻһ˾ȷֶΣһ㼶
ʯ֮ʱƻָ߰˰ˣȴǰʩչĽƣһ޷ʩչۡںȻУȻ֮ǿд򿪽ƣڴ˴ȴ޷
뵽ǲ֪ӺζĺȻŵĪЦüͷ
ϵϢΪϤȴ벻ǺˡУ˼ʹ㷺ĵӲ֪һҵӡοֻѳ֮ȴԳҵӣؼ
ʵʵҲˣд⣬ͬţҲ֡
˼䣬ľĽǵ趯͵ڶɫ΢䡣
˷أʶ̽˵سĪЦˣĪǻʲô֪գ


65 
ʵ޻ľã໳ֹâһ˫Ŀתͣ
౦񣬷ǱԲӹС˼䣬֪Լռ֮ڡ£޷Щʱ䣬Ҳܴ롣ȻͼҲֻܳʱȻϳ
ͼͷ¶βݣڳ̽Ϊ
ľʵ޻໳ȴܸоﻪⰵأϢ˿йǸƷڣɼҷ֮ˣͼ
۴˾ĿΣ໳ΪȻ壬ʱǷЦ󲽣Ҫ̤ľݡ
øСҲŪЩȤѰ˵أٸүϲȻģүպԻ㡣
ʱ仯ԭľĸĺͻȻɢĿ⣬ǹâƾˣľλСһԶó໳һɫһֻ貽Уһʮ׳Ľɫڣݺ衣޽ɽʥַ
໳Ӿòͼһʱ壬ŵøεѣҪͷܡȻ˼֣Ҳûʲô֮ͻȻɱ
ã໳˿ľתһȦʱ򣬴˱ǿȴֻǸвȱʢѡ
ȻСҪ̽ʵǱСˣ໳ӺƴЦøƤĺС̽үıҲգʶʶүܣ
໳ӳХһһ޷ԶҼաǵصУ໳Ӹֶһɸ֮ɫƶȻͬһɰǶСӿǽһָ
ƣ
ɲǼ䣬Ѹήңľĸ飬Ϊһ촷ۣڽ֮У͵δһԣɢ
ֻһ໳δʹȫľݵķƳԶԶ۲ĪЦľ˵Ȼò࣬ʵΪޣûð١
̾Ϣһ໳ӽͼ֮ʱǸޣЩ꣬ȻŶ
УȺǲͬѪڣֻʱһãȻͿɾ츳˵ÿʱÿ̶УŶ硣ȻⲢǺ¡ʿһͿɴﵽнȣͨҪʮ֮ã޻ֻܱɱȡǺĹԪ
໳һޱȣ̷еȻŻ֮ѾãҲ֪ɽ֮Ужͬ౻໳ɱ
ǿʳ棬ⱾľɵصķȺӴ෱࣬Ҳֹɱʤ̭ǿǿߡ
ɱҲѶ壬ۼ屻廿ΪΪȻʹбЩ֮С
裬ľɵض޽֮ɺںȻţȴֻܲΪӪгš
ĪЦûв뷨۾һգգأԭصĳ໳ӣһ
ֻɢȥľݹ⻪洰Уıķɽÿһ೤ȣƵ׹⣬֮˿˿ռ¶ȶ˼֡
ıɽһֱӲ´أ໳ΧСǱ۳ɲˣ˷ų໳ӹȥ
໳ӹֽһ󣡺øСţѹָһү
ֳ໳ӾȣȻڷУĸߣ޵ȴȻһ;жߵ衣ͼ䵽ȻŵЩ䣬໳Ӹǲʲôš
ۼ໳ұܣǱӣĪЦ¡Ȼк֣ܿޣʱĶԴŮɱ֣¹˭δ֪
СԴѾ˳ɫ֣أһֻ࣬ССԴë׵СצҲޣһȿɰСӡ
ͨ󷨣Խսˣֻɡ౦䲻սɱϾޣϲ׷
䣬໳ӴһΪһڴ֣ץס趯ĲֻĪƴȴʼհѲ˴ֵ
໳һ˦䣬֮ߣֱӽɿĵ۳飬¶ըļ⡣

໳ӵ־죬һһɸ߷ɽȥָ泤ľסͬʱȻ߽⣬˥ۿɼή໳ӴЦһվ޽УͬǶһ㣬ǰǰɣư飬븹С
óԺóԣСѣõүԸɣ
İѾ޽໳ʳĶӣһ֮ɫţ˼ָ˵ơ
ĪЦľֶƵ໳ӾδޣȻ鴫ոðȻֻ촦
¶Ի౦һ壬ûʲô㣿
Цһޣǿ¾Ĵޣȱ㣬ҲǾߺ֮СҪȥˣ
뵽໳Ӻܿ뽭һȣɫһ䣬³ջظոյĻ
ĪЦȻó໳ȥֻܰסһԾ䡣
ľ֮УЩһԲϱҳ֣Ϊ
໳Ӷһ΢΢ǰ¶֮ɫ
СŪ飬Ͽ̵үǵүˣԿɰѰǵүٺٺ٣ٺٺ١
໳Ц⣬ͷƤ顣ĪЦϣ˼֣ŭ֮ᴩأһʱ޶
ø֪ҿڳԣ
һӰľݵת˲໳ǰ
һϮɷŨȻޱȣʮʮɫķ󡣾ɫŮձңң໳Ӷš
էһ֣໳ӱһȻϳŮΪոյѪͼСȫһ
δ໳ѯʣ˵ڿǰᴵ
ɲǼ䣬Ƽȱ䣬ĪЦУƮڴ˼Ĺ»궼¶ʮɫ׷ױãʲôֲС
һתдڰյʮԹâʢ׷¶ܣų໳ӹȥ
໳ޣǿԶ࣬һȻ壬ʮͬСɣÿһǱƷмƷ
໳мܣѣӴദѪѲոյҽѣԭʼС¹ڲ¶׺֮ɫ
жСȾ磬໳ſڣһźɫƮɶ޾ѹǵضʮѹ
ɺǽС̫ˣÿζүź̫ãòʹࡣв޶෨ֻսһСҲڵүǰ񣡡
ţ໳һڳϢһ۵һ³һСԲ
˿ͷƤ顣
ʲôԲ飬䶯С


66 
ߴߴߴߴ
ϲϴĪͷһֻ֮ڣгǧаﳱˮӿÿһаﶼǿһƬһ̩ɽѹѹ
æ߶ʹʮа󳱹ȥˣֱ໳ѹƣܷӷȫܡܼӿӵηת˲ͻƷǰ
ĪЦй۲죬档ֻѰС˫Ŀ죬·ûаǣƤⱻ˺£඼飬ɿԲЩƺһޣͨҪǿܶ࣬ɿʳЩűʮķ֮ʧȥʣΪ֮͡
ۼһΪʳӿ׹䣬ĪЦ̾Ϊֹ뵽ҲȻֲ˶ãֲ֪кѹ׵ֶΣмֵĽ
ת˲䣬ߵʬѶѻɽеڲͣ䶯໳ӽ³ԴԴϵȺȳ֮ʳһطк
ɫ԰ףϺˣദʳ˺ۣѪֹ
Ȼ䣬໳йȷһâ;ֱȥ
һޱȵĺȻγһϣ໳ĹȾһʱ޷ƿǹ֮ϣѺ۳֡
⡭ǰ벽յϢС㾿Ǻˣ
໳ɫ䣬̰ɫȴ޴֮Ůа벽ǿߵһϢȻ˴⣬гϱ
໳ӱȻŻ꣬ţӹΪ󣬲ȻŽ񣬴ʱǰԺڣͼ
ֻǰڳԣɫǳ׼ŭ˵ͳýķһ󳱣һĴһѽӲӵɰ˳ǹУǹƽľֵĽм
ǹ绢ճǹкһȥ໳Ӽ
ǳ໳ӲƽսֲĸŮ˺Ƥֵ׽⣬ת۱˲ʡ
ס֣ᣬһжᣡ໳ӹֽѾɱۣĻǹ趯ɷ磬磬˿໳ӻ·
໳ޣǿᣬѰƷȻ˺ֺǳǹȴʥƷĳУŵõչʾĵƣɱﵣ䲻⣬δϵʱ㵽ͷòʹȫ
໳ӸᴩҺջعȣ룬ŭĿүδ뺦ܲܺú˵䣡
һԲϱභҪϻŭɶʦžأδĸͽӸҳԲѷ໳𣬵Ĺࡣ
໳ӹǲȴҲֻƷѣ𻵣˷ʥƷѺԽԽ࣬һ濹Уѳɳ
Ȱ꣬Ҳһۼ໳ӱһгޱȡ
Сү㣬ȴҪүүձʦźúùܽ㣡
ģ໳ֻصǾģһָ󳱱ӵͬʱŰ˼»꣬ӰΣ»귴塣ֻоͷԷ裬ľӿ޾ͬܲ͸Ĵ
Ӵ˵Ժ֪ǹĿռ䣬ľ֮ɧţȻָΪٽĪЦ֮¡δǿ໳Ӽսǲ壬ֲõ˿̸μӾ磬಻ԡ
ãڵĹ»ԷŴ.ʱ䲻ľݣֻ»ĵ˼תҲ֪˵ز˾̷ŵҩ˫ַɿ趯ǹܼȺ׷״䣬̳һ䶯̺ͣ
໳֮ϮӲƾһ;񲻵Ӵó֮ķ·Ǵǰٱ䣬ȡ֮֮ߡ
Ϊ౦һ໳۷ʱﶼûô౦һʱȻŭֻ϶ܵơ
һһòֺĪЦŲӿԣͬԹϲ´ȺڣɫһޣΪһ¡
ֶܼãĪЦذףһɫ
ҶһӱߵأΪ˼ɧţʧȥǡֻëСצĪЦ½һ¡
ĪЦȻ֮ǰͬİ·ŴŮбʦųͽķա
ŮԺ֮޿⣬ǿԼá
ĪЦͷ£̧СԴҲĪЦһһһƺӶԷж⡣
ĪЦһǴǳ໳Ҫ̶ʳ֮Ϊ
£ɫƦ϶ɫ̺ܶ౦ҪӢ۾
һЦ·˶Է˼
ϣһӣѰܼ¶ȾѪ˿ƾ־໳භǳ໳Ҳùٰã˺ֱˣϴСС˺
磬оٶС໳ӳһڿԸһԣ
Цȴδ𻰣˾ͼǳ໳һ
໳廯ΪѰС̫ûսʹãڿޱȣҲάֲ˰
ӣҶǺȻš໳ӸԭίһΣһѪȻδܽ˵ꡣ
ͷһֻ֪ʱذײ֮ϣû⣬ֻʣһ߲嵶
ǡ˭
˵سǰŮˣ໳δᵽһϢУɴʧɫŵתͷ
һӰӶο羪ףת˲໳ǰһ£
ʦ㣬㣡
һϤŮһʱ㱣㵲
ĪЦȫĺȻһ£໳ӲҽһȻأ𳾰
˵ĪЦ΢ĩУ໳֮һ˴ţǳ໳ˣֲ֪ΪΣϢ͵Ϯ¶ӣ޵󱲰ֻʧ룬˹ʵʵĪЦһƣͷѪ
ĪЦһ£»Īҽ޳˫磬˰̺ƹħͷէһס˳໳ӡ
㣬ǡǳ໳ֻǵСҲ޴֮һ֮£ܿ췴ӦΪ϶˱ǰѪ֮ˣŭɶҪҴĪЦϵס
ĪЦȻ˵ָᶯذ׷Ӷأ໳ʹĶߵ
˿ŴЦüȻһָ໳ӴȵҺȻŵӣﲻˡұ˼Ǭ


67 
ͷƵ꺣̤´أĪЦ֮Уһ޷ԶƵĺȻе罾ҫĿʥֱӡ
໳ǳ鴤ϻ꺣Ϳ´أ뵽ŮӶһְڳһ̬ǰˣ֮һʱĪЦ޳壬֪˵ʲôá
ƫƫˣһҪģҪɱаһ㣬£ֱһǣ粨һ˿٣ֱ޲̳ȥҡ
ø֪νСӣ͡໳ӸҪƿڴĪЦѾֳһ˫ذ׺
໳ӲȻŭֳŨΪڹ֣ĪЦ˽ȥ
ذǺƵ޷ֺĪЦƳԶ
Գ໳ӣĪЦֿ֪ж಻סѳС໳ҲӦһ֪ǳ
ûд㣿
໳ӳʤ׷ץĪЦһֻԳϴǲ໳Ӷ
СҲͣ໳Ӷݵ֮ǿᣬ˲Ϣ֮ĪЦǰȴ֪ΪΣ˾ÿÿվնձܿһǰԤϵһ㣬ĳ໳ֱš
֪ĪЦǰսѶΣ˽츳ֱ໳˴ŭȣһʱỹκβ
Ȼõ˫֮УĪЦŲɷ磬Ŵ˷ػأѳ໳ӵˣ
໳𽥲֧һҧ߶ûһɸߵĹӰǹĿֲ֮䣬೤ǵأ֮еĹ»·ܵ˿̣׷Զ룬ҽ
߹Ǻ֮ڶĪЦأȴһƵĸģȻҺΣ
໳ӴŭǹӰһ£ͻأʯŰĳһ޴ӡ
ովͱ޴Ū˫ȷ̱ڵء
У໳ӺĿⶼǴ޴ӡ֮С

䲻ԭίȴоͻȻֵĪЦǳ໳ӸἸ֣֪Ϊξͺȥ
໳֪Сƣ˲ˣȻͲýĪЦιǣɳ
ڴĿУĪЦͷӵӵŶϳصķֽȻȻ÷ֽϳһɵȻɼҷ緶
໳ĿһݵطûƷϰײ˼۵ֶݵط
ԭĪЦ֪޷໳ӷŭһǰŶݵطһ·ӱܿ乥ΧǾ˸ա
ʩչǹӰ𼫴󣬳໳Ҳ֪գǱСģһʱ֮ͷۻ³һѪɫޱȡ
޳ܣ޳֮ȣңɱ㣡ԸһѳСʧ֣òķֽ졣໳ӷ·ܵ˼裬ŭʧȥǣҪٴδ߶ӰɱĪЦ
δ͸еһ޶ӿ֣Ӱ˲ɢʧڴ˼Ҳ֮ɢȥϵͼ֪ʱѾչ໳Ĳʱͼ֮С
ĪЦɫģһ߳ͼ봢һѸĲ¶еɵۡɵ۵ǣһУĪЦͷе꺮ů
ʦ㣬Σ
ʦ㣬ǲǲ·ˣ費Ҫұ㣿
ʦ㣬㿴Ķˣֻɺӵ̫죬Ϊ΢ĩΪ㱨𣡡
ʦ㣬ôһɫĪǶˣһ󣬲Ұɿ

ˣһߣʱ޿̲»Ϯ壬üΪѣ˵ûСĪЦȫûнͽľݵ˼ੲݣ¸ûûˣħǹ»ݲ
һ˿룬κֻһ̣޿̡ڣﵽ˼㣬ҡ˼壬Ȼ³һѪָĪЦ˵һ仰شû٣Īûз޼սһЭǱλʦôݲе¾
ŬάֵǺȻ̮ǰһƬѣΣĪЦвʡ¡
˼ȷŮû֪ĪЦ˿
ոտƻ죬ʵǴ̽ơһŮˣ˽ľ£㲻һҲϼˣɥʧв
СԹϹ˳˾δ㣬һŪԺð죬˿ڵŮȷҪˣľ棬ɾһ
ĪЦºɣ𣬽ľݣϡ
Ӵ澭ĬĬ޸ơĪЦֽܰĵҩüš
ҩŵĵҩȻͬ죬ڼɫʱ˼֣нüͷҲչ
˷ûУʯŨǲɶõıﾡõԭĪЦһƨߣʼ˹
£תۼ¹ȥʯ֮оһǧںȻнȻͬоֻҪʯ£ͻѳ龳
һã˵ҪЩСĪЦ̷һűٹ裬ʯϧ
ſʯȡĲ۾ЩĪЦУʯ˯Ϊʯ֮棬һСԴ˯ǳ
㻹ûͬ˵㾿ҪʲôҪ仰ʺܾˣÿζȥòͣҪɰʵס
ĪЦЦڲº׷£ʩʩȻش𣺡ұǳ໳֮δ뵽ֶβһξͿշһβУͶΡһ޴´ֻ࣬Ҫǳ໳֮
ôԣǲҲɴ۾̾Ů޳֮ȡһν棬ңΣָݲгʲôӡ
ϸͼϾΣû໳ָֻƣ࣬˳£¹˭ֻδ֪
ⷽȻ޳ܣҲС
¶ʯδѵƽͷһΣĪͬ顣


68 
һһ˵֮ʣ¶΢Ǿ쵽ʲôĪЦŮҪˣ׼һ¾Ҫɱ㡣
´ԲΣĪЦ֮ǰᵽɵأѰ֮˶ϲŰ֣οĪ֮֮ǰ໳ͻȻѣĪЦڶܾ֮ʱ֣δ̫ɺϣֻҪŮԴûһ±Ƕһʡ
޳໳ӶܿһʵСĪЦȻԸ֮ΪСԣ̷´ܳľݡ
֪˶ãӻجѡ˫۾һɲǣһѺذױ㱻С̳ذͻȻסһĨãȻ֮ɫϣ˶ϵϺһ󣬴ȷ˿
µѻָɡ޼սµѹȣòͻƵƿҲпԽͻƵļ
֮ǰйһ飬ŭŨذ׵ֶ΢΢ܹܴ裬оŭֻ̽ԳĪЦĺȻŵӴҡ
ΪжȴԳŮӣңʾˣϲ⣬пұǺȻŵӣ㷭㾹˲ʶ̧٣Ǳ㲻ã
ϲŭɫ֮թΪֹˮû뵽ȴһѳСϣһʱҲ˲ԣذ׾ͳľݡ
ţʶɨԲף˷ؼž·شΨһ˴ڡ
ⲻܣУȫޣгڴڣ˾ʲô£ӹҵĸ֪ɺǰұɿۿƴ˼ϡ
СϰۣмΪںȻУһЩѰ϶ĪҪһѳСֻϧ˵ۣﶼ޷ᶴûж󣬿Ҳûһ֮أĪЦִʱ޷Ѱ
ʦãںδΪβңƽһĵ٩ƺƽղ
һʯ֮ĪЦ˿Ϊʩչޣһͼзɳűߡ
һҪѣűȻӿһ˻ڶϣҪɱǣ
˵ʱʱ죬Ѹٺ󳷣ʶӶֱۣذȻ͸Ҫڳ໳üġ
Уһָֻ޳ĿֱӭذףȻһգذ׾ɳɢһء
ʧɫʢŭ֮£ʵ֮ǰΪǿᣬҲ˲ʮ־񣬷ֱ֮ս
һһʩչɱУأһʱɳʯߣ
ĪЦΨֲԶĿϾӡᣬɱ˼ȻĪЦԵԼսʱԷãȴʤ˲ֹһǹսĶࡣ
ҹ໳ӴذڼҲҪ˵ȴ໳ʢŭ֮µɱдϣòӭս
СƣŮӴˣ໳Ӳܹ裬޲ý˶ҷŰݣ˽
֣໳ŨŨīյٴγɹӰӴƳȥ
ãƲδȬδصסӰһֱһУĪЦޱһƵҪԮµԺ
ٵȵȣ
ĪЦʶжһͣôһĹ򣬱仯
һȻ죬춼˼֡Ӱƺݺ´أ̳־ĳ໳ӣ𽥸֮ɫ
ĪЦȥ̳֮У֮£һӰ۴Ӱɰزɴۡ
̳ɢӰʱ˿̣һɾѶദѪ߰ߣһͷ˿ɢͷ촽ѪȾ˼Ȼһ˫˫ĿȴӯŻŭмβ֮ɫ
⣬⣡ҧҲ֪뵽ʲô֮ɫŨҡ
һЩ໳ӣΪٻָɣɴ߶ƷȻ˲֮һƣϾȻܻȥҲҪޡ
ң뵽ֿܣ²ҳɣþȫƿЩһĴȡһȼ̨̻
ϸϣϳǲ̻ͣУһλʹధŮƴȻ̻ܵ谭ŮŬ޷ӳо
Ůӵģһ޶
ĪЦǿһʱע⵽̨еŮӣоɲҸո˲µĻûðȻȥ
ͬͷһĻг໳ӡ໳ͼ˶꣬ȻʶǷһʱϳ̨è壬Ī⣬ǵػ꣡Ѿͷ㾿ʲôˣ
ǣҲ⡣Ϊﵽ֮ϣܻ߱ǣʹ֮۳ǡֻҪ겻𣬱ҲĻᣬȻãҲΪû־ʬ⡣
һЩޣǽʩչͨ󷨡
еĵػ꣬Ǽ֮꣬ĵطͻɢǿƽƽ̨һֱάֵػ겻ɢҲһΪı
໳ʢŭ֮УҲδɥʧǣۼ̨еŮӣǰһģһֻսսлں޲ѡ
ˣĸմܣܵ𣿴˷Ǵ˴˲ǵˡ
ó໳ѯȻһЦδ𻰡
һ𾪵ĿУ촽ǽ̨о̻ͬһ˸У


69 
, һԲЦΥ͵ĴдǾϣŹĪЦ, һ˫˫ۣѾȫȡ, ն·˾˵ֻǿһ, ˲Ī־塣
ЦԽԽ, ʵѪҺ, Ҳ޶ƯڰУ˳ëڣŲҰ׵ȴԽԽûѪɫֱü͸, ϡɼڵѪܾ
һʵһȦ, ˵Ϊֹ޷ݵĺ, ɢ˶˿, ̹ⷽǵı䡣
໳쳤˲ӣªϾ, ɸǾ޴ѹ£ﻹ˼ս, , ͷͶ£ʧ
ĪЦ𾪣д², ܣ
ʶ, ĪЦδʧ̬, кȻĪŲһ̤ԾʮסովŲ㴫
һ춯ͬСɣĪЦʱɴʧɫսΣԤ˲ûͷȥȻת£Ų磬Ӷȥ
䣡
첻ڶ̳죬ĪЦֻӴܣâڱΣոУһҲͣЪȻֻǼ׷һֻ԰ź˳ҸȰڼ֮ϡ
ż͸ģ绪дŹЦݵ˰ĪЦ֮䡣޼䡣
С磬氡
δо֮ĪЦֱѣֻź̶⣬޿ײνá
¹ڲ˿Ǹ߸ϵģȻͬһĻܶŮĪЦ֮࣬оӿһɴδйļ¶ǸоͻȻҲĪ岻ܿƵ̧˫֣סһյ
뻳ĪЦͬħһ㣬ϽߵĲ԰״ϡȴް컣ĪЦƺʲôڲ˳ŽӴ˫ڡ
ȡԪ뿪µԺȻĪЦɼȻݲҲѪˮ
ֻƬ̹һͷڷѱûҰףƤʼɳڣһнľߡ
ͻȻ䣬ĪЦӵǵɫȻһ䣬Ȼƿ˫±ģƤҲָɫָŴЩĴУͷ⼸˺ǡ
޳֮ͽɱ㣡
ĪЦ³һѪаɳԶۼѷ˶ذ׾ҪᴩĿڣҲ˲æһܿâ
ӰΣ»壬ĪЦҲоһʹ
ʦ㣬˵
ɱ㣡Ǻۿ࣬ԸҲδκй֫ӴοǸոǰ㣬ŭӣ޲д
ৣ
һĴһʮѷɽУֻ£ܼӶĪЦǱӣ̻¶ƤˣкüΣ㱻ֱӸ˲ӡ
ǶŮ׷ĪЦѾľƫƫв»ੲݣˣǿںϵػ꣬ʧܣֻأڵ״̬
ĪЦԼˣ˵ƴһ˿ŭ꣬ٲңǶҪ
׷ȻֹĪЦͷһֻ˴ԭأʰñ飬˫ĿʱڣʱƤҲ͸԰֮Ծתһʹ࣬һá
С磬氡
ɱ㣬ɱ㣡
С磬㲻Ҫѽ
ҪʬΣ

ͬһ˵ͬһ˵壬ȴֽȻͬĸо
ĪЦֻһۣ͸оͷƤ飬æͳеĶݵطһԾɣͷҲصıȥ
Ӱʧ˲䣬ϱ仯ͻȻסһ°㣬ȥıӰ׷ȥ
ܣ
һΣĪЦѣµһʱӹ壬Ų磬һʮŴĪЦ̨롣
̫ǿд߶ֻԪ˥ܡںϵػͻӦһʱ׷
ȻʧȥԪսŲ鸡ĪЦŵҩֻͷۻҲ֧Ųסһͷڵϡ
֪ʱ޶࣬ĪЦǷЦؿν˷۱̰ϲܷų໳ӣܾˡû뵽ˣϧҲҪںʲôػ꣬㾫ѵӣ׷ᡣ
ֶΣ
УĪЦͷӿǿҲʡһΪ˳ɾ;㾡һ·࣬ͷҪʽ֮أ
ĪЦߵϺȵΪβЩңװԪ
º¶Ի֮ɫӵеػ֮ˣմܣҿһϢ볣죬ȴػںϣ˻ꡣһܻڣҲͬСҲɱ¶ݣֻ»¡οֻӵǣŶбˣγ㣿
һ䣬˵ΪСһ˿֮⡣
⸱̬䵽ѰŮϣмȤζǺ꣬ĪЦûͺɫ˼˿ﲻ֪ˣȻȻҲɣΪ֮ƣ취Ҳʲôػ˻꣬û㣿
˻꣬ˣضҪܸػꡣػе֮꣬ĹޡҼոڻ֮ʱ죬ǵػΪסΪ֮ƣֻа˻ѹػ꣬˥ȥһ
֪̬¿˵
̻˼ĪЦˣһ͸Ӳ˳໳һƣǿҲҪˣ˻׷ɱǵػĹ͡ػ걻ѹƣ㹹в
Ҫΰѹػꣿ
ǵػΪ⣬գʱ˻ػᱻػɸɾѹػ꣬Ψнش˻Ȼ룬֮ɱʱ˲ǡ
شػ֮£¶ûаգĪЦȻд˼Ƭ̣˼ƽϣѰǳ໳䣿
º΢У˹ãһһЩĬ̱⣬Цһ⣺µҲѡ
˵໳ӳ죬һŻعͼʱ䣬һԵá
үһֶݵ֮似ʲôմܣǼСͳͳ׷ϵүĲٺٺ٣ڧһүѻعͼ
Ҳѹ˵⣬౦һóݵ޽綼ʢߣ˼绹û׷ϡ
໳Ӷϳݳָź룬һɸּįĸо
ʱһͻأ͸һɲ֮⣬д͸ĵڳ໳һ֮ȥ
Ҫܣ


70 
ᶴһ, ԭ׷ĪЦͻȻɫ仯, ƽ¶ԭģ
ͨ, Ǭһߣа, ٹĪ, ϳе, 飬ǻģ
ٵӴɳ, ڿдҷ, Ŷϱ۵ľŮ, γĪķŷ仺³, εڶеĹ»꣬ԾӴ, ЩδߵĹ»꣬ʱɣ䵱ϡ
ڿ, ˫Ŀ, Ʈ裬ɫ԰ֽһȾѪҰڵ, һ˵
, 㹻», ʢΪģͬɽֱֱ´أΧС
ӵķģת۱γ̨ʵʹУֳһѰ˸ߵ죬β˺ݺݲĿ֮У
Ϊý컯ѪΪ񣡡
³ʮ֣첻ȡת˲֮䣬һͷ˿ѳɰ׷
˻꣬Ҳһ󷢴ȱȻʶ̧٣ý̽ʲôԸؼʱ̣ϸֲаЦݣһΣȾѪĿڣ߾ٹͷ
ɭȻʴ죬ⱻۣȫ˿ѪѪ׹ǣʽ֮УԭɢӴܵĹ»꣬Ǳһ㣬׷׳ӿ롣
޾Ĺ»꣬񷶥۶£Ͷ֮СͬһϢٲ֮׳ۣ̾Ϊֹ
ϾѪݽߣǴŹЦݵȴƺʹ㣬Цſ
ʮǵ֮࣬ɵػꡣҳܵʹ࣬һ㰲ƽ˻ףһ׾ӵ󷨣ںϣ̫棡
»ͬǧأȴУɻС
ػһ²ĿڡһɼΪĺ⣬켤͸壬⸱˥˲еɫ
㾡ԱֶңΪ˼¡ֻҪⲻõ˻꣬ұں꣬Ϊġ
δ䣬ػɫ䣬
һҽ쳹졣
ԭǵ죬ͻȻųһ˿⣬һ䲻צӽб³һҫ۹ڵػ̨֮ϣ
̨ΪĵشҲ⡣ػȻ̨ܻȻը죬޷ƵʹӿѳȻɿ
ôצ̨֮Уһ˿ʱɢ˻꣬令ӣ谭ƿ塣
ҷûк֣
ʹıͻȻת䣬һƽֳ쳯ķ裬Щɵ飬ԱĽ¡
飡
»ֱͬ꣬أܵ󷨸Ԥ»׹֮أɢ⣬޾չԶ
һɫУ޸ű壬ǲڻ˵ɫҲɫ
׷価ŨܺڷƤɱ価תɽļ
ضֻԱһ֮˻꣬󷨣ⲻܣ
ǵػ̨˻ΪԴԴϵ޸壬ҲĻǡ
һ㳯ת䣬ô˴ȫӳɣѹһйϢػδȫƿ壬ڵ˿һ˿ңɭϴӿͼһ
ɫ糣ȴӿһɱ
ڻ֮£֮ʼĹѨҲǴȡ֮ػںϵ뷨ֻϣòǰڻ꣬ղɡԴ˴ǹᶴ죬й»ϣԴԴϸṩ
ԵػΪƴˣȻ֮Ҳδܳŵ֮ʱ
һ壬ǲݵ״̬ɫʹ࣬׹У԰Ρ
ؼʱ̣֮УͻȻ˼£һֻͷɢɫ֣̿¹ڲĴô˳
ֵĹͻأһŲ·һͷײĹֽſǰ֮ˡ
һðʶͿȻһ
ΣʩһȴȫΪ֮֮Ϭ׼Ѫɳ
ĴȻǳ໳ӡ
˵໳Ѱѵػ׷ӳ죬ȴһ֪˵׷š
һݵ˵˸Ҳôױ׷ϣ˲¶棬ȴҵټһֱԿš˶౦һ񣬲һǾֻλΪҪϲֹһ
İΰֳѹ֮·Ͷ౦һĪѹơֻһ䣬໳ӱŵŤ亹˲ӿпֻŷŴ˼㡣
໳ӱһ󱲣ʵСȱ˵λ׷ﻹ֮ͬؾӡ
Ҫܣ
Ҫܣ
Ҫܣ

ӰΣ໳˫Ŀ죬ͷ棬Ȼ֪˶·ֻԻجããȻ֪η
ܵĴС
ϳ󷨣Ϊͨǿ󣬲ܱ໳롣ֻֻǺ֮ʩչǲף޷󷨵ȫܣڵػ壬ʧأ⧲£໳˿ӡ
һ֣໳ȫûϲ֮ɫֻоͷƤըѣ֪ǻŲ·ײ˴Ů˿޿ˣһʱ
౦һ嵱˺ʢΪļ壬ֻϧʱ˲ãȫ³󱲣б֮ġɺͼ֮У޷ͼ֮δδθȥ
˲ģĿ໳˫ĿˮʹΪ֮ʱǱ趯ޱӿֺȻնϸո
ɲǼ䣬һɰѴغȻѣʯͷ׷ɣΧ֮ڣһĩճ
ЩĵطĪЦй۲ս֡ⲻľ룬ĪЦԶļޡ
ǰ׷໳ӵģȻһһ
˺ߣѪǿһУʢԾº壬Ѫѹ£ֻһǶǵĴѽ໳ˣת
һһĬһ·໳Ѱ˸ոһĻ
ĪЦʼʩó໳ײ֮սٻغϣٳ룬òѸٽû뵽⡣
ŴزӿֵɫĪЦϸһĨŹɫ
ԻĲ벻ӵǳ໳ӡ
צĪЦ½أ̽ë׵СԴ˿ѱصĶ죬һʱҲޱȡ
ҲǸԺ֮߶󷨣һ˵á󷨳ȥ˵ںǵػֻ꣬ϧ㡣
ĪЦҲо֣ƺȨǷǰѹػ꣬ôͷǵػһѣ


71 
ֻ֮, һСӰеɳȥڵһۡ
໳ɫ۵һ³һѪ, ήȥƺ˲ᡣԭ໳͵Ϯֵ, ͥŲ̳߳
ӰӰ, վ, , ¶Ƭѩ׼˿Ư䣬һ˵Ȼ
ȻѪŵĴô⣬ȴδһж°ַֻŮϣƽڽ, ޾Ȼѡ
ĪЦ, Ұһ
֮, бĹ», ųЩ»겢ǰ㴩, ǱڣΪΪн
Ź»󷨣ԭ֮деɫ, һ, ˷춼ͣ·ʱҪ㸲
ػδȫںѾƣɹȡ, ½ڽӡĪЦд, ӿһɼΪĸо
, ػڼںϣʱֹǶҪ¼
һЦ쳹֮Уػƾնһ˫ͫΪ룬תΪԭģϵƤҲ͸ɫ
ָſյ䣬紿Ůͷҧ۲ת䣬ĿĪЦ֮
һۣĪЦ׹ߣ͸ǣ·궼Ҫ͸
ҵҪллأС硭Ųһ̤ؾռ䶼粣ѺۡһɼΪ˼أĪЦ֮أͻأȥ㷭ͣ
ĪЦͷܿݣվʱػѾĺ󱳣ָ⻬ϵգ꣬ô˳ΪرɱΣ
亮͸裬Ƕȴ˰תĪЦֱã亹ֱ˫ѪһƬ
֮ʣĪЦһɫ⣬֮ػǵУһ֣Ӧʱѿտյ
ĪЦ˷һ˫ذУȻе£ֻȥذ׻ƿնۣš
˶̵ľ룬ѸݵķӦٶȣĪЦǧɱ˼ɣڴ˿չֵ쾡¡ȻиʿҲѪ֮ſشŮ
Ȼ⾪޾׵һȴиڸ֮ϣ̶ĴػƣԾɱģް˺ۣ
ĪЦ˫۵ɴ󣬿ٺ󳷣ȴ˱졣
ػס·ƮƮһ֣ĪЦ׵壬˵ȥֲ֮С
һȻ죬ĪЦѪҪ飬ܡ
ˣٹ˼ֱ࣬ĪЦ½󣬱¶
βϺΪСβƮµ»ع顣һǿѹɢֱöѺٴ
ػҲܵǹǿѹ˵Цʧͷһ¶ر飺㣬˭
Ŀϻش⣬ſڱ³һŰɫϣԣ֮ڶ
³ƾˣػʧɫеǺۣľɵصôܵȻˣ
ɷҲͳţ¶֮ɫĿػȥ
޿ɱܣ۹ӭǵ
ʯ׷ɣ󣬵ػɶѱᴩѪģЩȷĿ˿ĵ˺ۣ¹ϹЦݡ
һһۣЦ绨˿Ѹϣ䣬ѳɵĺۼ֪ܻεĺۣվǸ
һԼȳػޱ߹Ѫ֣Ų»ȥ
Ѫֿʵ죬ɿֱ֦ȽʯҪӲӵ޾֮䣬ضɽҡ²ҲӦԵΪѡ
ձΧˣδ˸񶼲ܻΡػһ仰˵ûܻΣζطʹãЩ޲ʵҲ
ʱǿʵǿиɣѳѹػꡣǵػ궨ǿʵ˵
ֻԪᣬǿж壬ֻ¡
µ޿ˣϹʢػ궷
Ǳɴܣ첻ϣನ֮شѣϮء
ĪЦܰĵҩȫ븹У˲˼ѱܿನ˼֮
еǿȣߵӰսԲ룬ĪЦĿϡ
һֱԵػмɵٳٲϳ֣Ҳûʮѹػꡭôһں˵ػ꣬˵޴󣬻ɳΪΪʤ
뵽лָľĪЦŻʹбȥ
ʱ˿̣ȻУ֪ʱһªӰ
໳죬һ˫ԲС鲻ͣת
벻֮꣬ټͳ󷨡žŹһԾΪѭƶʵͨŮ޲ʮĹ䣬󷨣˻ɡػ˻ڣں꣬Ҳ֪Ѻηʥ
໳˼ת˿ԶսͣһһĿ¶֮ɫ
ɱĺ壬ҵ׷ҲţȻǺеǺ嵽ԣҶ౦һ׳ʿԱ³ɺޣձɣ
໳˵վ죬дʡǻɬѶ췢͵Ĺâֻâ֮У˿˿Ʋ̫Եơ
»ͬЩήֲҲʼѿ
໳̳ԹǹޣԹ߶󷨣ϾžŹһ⣬ӵӦ֡ʩչ󣬾Ҫ
ת֮䣬賤ӣᶴ֮Уд븲ֲ໳˵壬Ҳ𽥻ָԭɱݵģҲע룬Խӯ֡
ĪЦոտ㿴һֻʵ͵Ĵһۣ컪βػսݵĲ¡
˿̲ʢȫȫػභ뾹ǳ໳ֻȫʧߴۿɼС¶ʹ֮ɫƫƫϵػȾУֻӲס
ȫ֮Ҫһ壬ұۣЩ֮ͽ
໳ӵЦҪٽͻȻһ˶֮׼ȷԴ
̼䣬໳ͷѪֱͦͦڵϡ
ããȻˣֻһ֮һӸ¸
ͦΣʲɷ֮У̺ɲ˼Īơ
ĪЦǺˣ
ĪЦһͼһסǰѳǹ˫Ŀ⣬ǹͷֱָ໳ʺ
ңұеƤ⣬裡


72 
໳ӱһô, Ӧһ£ϤϢʱĿѣ㣡
뵽ڴ˼, ޣСˣת, һʱŭģȻ³һѪˮ, Ҫˡ
ĪЦ˿, гǹһ, ⧲ڳ໳Ѩ֮Ҳ໳ȴһ飬ֶն֮ͽż, ڿС
, ȵԴԴӿĪЦһ, ߿ʼȥ, ƤҲӯй
󷨣ԪĪЦɫϲ, ȴ໳ӵĿбŭ裬һĳ, 絶ķ羢, ӭš
ң
˾뼫໳Ǻһ, ǲ, һءĪЦǹǰ, סӭ磬һֿٽӡһƾճ֣г໳ӽס
໳ϵд˱ʣˤ˸Ǻʺһƣʵʵڴ˵ϣ֮׵壬⵹ùֱ졣
ĪЦϡɼһС㣬˿С
ûʩߣ⻪𽥰չɫֲҲֹͣٶȡ
ĪЦĴ߶죬עٺȻɲʹһʱ˼
һ;ȫ໳Ӿͨ˵ʩɽӣӳ졣ֻһ±ٲά衣
Ѿ¿ػʵѾ·磬³Ų̫áǳ໳оԹܸķŹ£һִ죬µһҪɱıǺꡣ
ĪЦһʱЩԥ
໳ӱķߺ޷ΡֻҪغΣ󷨽ɳûȡӡεػ¶һѴ֮֮ززʼĹѨδ۸ӣػһʱ׷֮
ˣ½ܵУΣڵϦ
ҲµĴڣǽɣһúȻŷ֣ҪۣǾѵʱ鷳һ
ִ¹ܿǶҪڴ˴ʮ
⼸ȱãĪЦǹһ˿Цһ·ʶḶ́Ŀ𽥼ᶨ
ĪЦǾӣȴҲǸԹСˡɵվȴҲࡣѲݶ飬Ҫ㳥һһ
ͷ໳ѷӶ£˫Ŀ죬ŭɶĺȵСٰң㲻ݣ
ĪЦȻһЦƣдľ֣ӭϳ໳Ƶһơ
໳ɫһ䣬ôǴ󲻿ȱʧķʧ֣һƫЮ壬֮С
أС콫콻үȫʬ
һжĶԣĪЦ׳໳ӹ˼֮˼ת¶Цݣǰԩ޳𣬺ο໥ɱ羫Ϻӽ֮ҸһΣ
ոջһҪιǣת۱㻻Ͼһĺӣǳ໳ӻô꣬Ҳǵһμ޳֮ˡ
ޣ໳³һѪˮɫޱȣ˭ԩ޳𣡵үղңͷ֮ޣ
໳ӾҪĪЦ커ǰЦݲ˵Ļȴó໳ͷ
ǰΪͼˣὫиңһССѳ֮ʿԵγڴˣ󴫳УΪαŮԣΪѡڴ˴ںϵػꣿǺڹУΪ
һʣ˵ĳ໳һʱ㶣ֻĪ飬֪ηӦ
ͼǰȻǹĽӡ໳֮һԵϤˡĸ۸ڶ򲻿ܽ͸һΪµССεĴУ
ŮӳǱȻżȻ¾žŹһԾͲͨʿմֶ꣬Σһ⣬ʱ˺
ԣ֮أ飬ջۣǧܿǣһ壬ֻܱ岻ɢ
ػ辭ʮֻأܾʹ裬Թ죬Ϊֻѳ͡
˻ϰǧ󷨣ѧͨŽ񣬸ι̣֮ܵķ̼ԣʧģܴɡ
ƾǵػ˻ֶΣѲ²⣬ԭǺεȾ֮ǿڻ꣬ɺ
ǺеһľֵصĺۣôںȻŵؽУػŮӴûȣ
໳ͼ֮Уòһһֲ׺ɣݾޱĸоȫţȽͼ֮ʱޣЩҲȻĺܺãûô໨ӣһȻ벻𰸡
ߣһɺԣ˵˵Ϊʲô
ɵһ£Ұݰ賤ĪЦģ໳û̳֣֪ıóѣЦݸӳֿǰûػ˻ڣǺȻżƲһһʤȻŶ׬⡣ùᶴ꣬Ϊṩнڻ˳С㣬ңǺֻ꣬Ӱˣ
ӣǺ⣿໳ӹȻɿã
ĪЦɬһЦҡͷ̾Ȼڻ꣬ǿߣȱȡôУųһһŮ̷˳ڻꡣΪ컯һжΪ¡ػնǳڻɹһҪ⵽֣
Դˣ໳˿ţ༥үΪȻžϹᣬǧΪѰ෨ûйҲпͣȻڲˣҿСӾԻڣ
ĪЦЦȻͳţΪҪ˼һ޵ȻЩֵɱǿ棬Ĵڿпޣ
ԣ໳תƺ˼⻰еα
ĪЦһ̹̹ӣ˼
ֱ˲Σ໳ȴֱ治ʵĿǵػӰϣɵ֮ɫԱѿǵػȡ˻ǱȻƾǵػԣɱ䣬˵Ǽ٣ֵ˼
໳һתΪͼ֮Ȼ֪үЩʱػͼʱǵػҲκҲã
ĪЦһЦ۵ػ˻꣬ǺȻȻһѳСȡͼУѵǵػ͵òһػΪͼ֮³ʲô
һ໳ӱ͵С˿ѾɫҲоǺ۴ƣػӦúܿܽѹСԣɳϵ㣬ʱ
δΣĲ
ȻĪЦʱ秳Ļǧ©ƶ̰֮һϯ˵˵ǳ໳ӣԼмţһﲻϵ
Ȼ໳Ӽ֮󣬶ĪЦ֣Ըǵػꣿ
ǵػΪĸߣֶΪ֮ƣֻ˻ѹػ꣬ضңϾǰֻάַ󣬴ӳɣа˴ʱǰ
˵գĪЦֱӽӸ˳໳ӡ
ǰԥ
֣໳ƽһѸٽǰСּɵǵػĶ
عͼЩʱ䡣СΪ£ÿơм٣үʱɱ
໳ӿ³һ»ʣչһγ໳ȫһʱ䣬ƶ´ϣѾߡ
ĪЦϲҪ˵ȴµɶƯɫëȾʺѪ߲ޱȡ
ΣҿԴԴչ»꣬ȴҪһߵ»壬һභػѾ²壬ѪɫȴĿܡ
ǵѪһ¡
ֻҪڻɸ˳죬Ϊƾ
ػӦĪЦںߵĻԣޱȵĴ໳ӶСһٲɣһءޱȰʥ֮⣬ӵصʲôȻա
صĹ»궼ع캣һ˿˶зƵ룬಻
ĪЦ֮ʱ໳ӵСϱҪɣػɷ֮ѹ˿ǵػ˥֮ʣ취˻ꡣɰڴһ٣
˻ꣿĪЦüͷ壬뵽֮ǰ̬ȣƬ̼˶Բߣ


73 
ػ, һ֮ڶ֮пپѣооԵѹ, һͣ
Ī, ӽɣ
ػɫݣȻΪ, ȴʵʵķʥ, Թѹʢۡ˻δȫĨɱ, ѣ˻ȻˣʱܵУ벻֮ء
ɭ˫Ŀڴ֮еһһ, ػзȻǣ
ĪЦ໳ͬʱо, ʱ֪ǵػѶǡƲԥ, ໳̿, 춼âǷֵҲۿɼήɱ, ƺŲ˶á
СЩ취ǵػԹƻ, ҽǰ
ĪЦɫһ, Ƭ̲ҵתͷ򼲳۶ĵػ󺰵ʦ㣬ʵĽܾˡƽϲŮ, , ǧ, ҹҹϸ衣ʦվģҺ󹬣һǰ£ല齣Ҷźļã...
ǧҹҹϸ裬ല齣...
໳ӶĪЦĿУ˵Ľ𾪡
ǲ¸ոػ꼤Ѫڣ˲Сƣ˿ĪЦԣʱûסһѪ
Ӷĵػ꣬Ŵԣֻ΢΢üΪȻ;֦ڣ˻귴Ӧǿңһ൱ǿķŭҪƷǣ
ػ󾪣ͣѹ˻ꡣ
ģ˵һʦ㣬֪ĸ۸ڶûйϵҳһȻ֪ҵ˺ɰ߷̣ǧһͬȡҡʱǴͬߣյ𽵹񲻿գ
ػѣƺӦǿң໳ӺͲĻ֪Ǵ˼Ʋߣ⼤ŭͼ˻ꡣ
ֶֻΣҲ̫޳ˣ
໳óϷԼв㣬޳̶ܳȾһС¸Ƕٰͬ飬ԼˣԼ裬ƴҲҪɱ
ĸڹȺܵ໳裬ĪЦƲٿأٱػŪòɢͷŭƽⶴ֮У̫»Ϯ־壬һԣŭգҲҪ谭ȡȨд
ڻʧܣĪЦ
ػͱѸķ壬˻Էŭµϳ̨ͼ˫ش£ػ꾹һʱ㱣⧲˻˿ӡ
Ҳ֪׵磬ۼ֮Уһ̧֣Ȼģ֮˱һ
ĪЦëһܵ໳ֻȻ죬໳Ӧ飬аԶ䣬䲻ʷŭ֮Сֿң
ܵನ𵴣ĪЦҲ˲ᣬﻹܵ˳໳ӣҲƵӳ󣬱ȥҲ
ʱжըѣ֮һȦ֮ﻯΪУһУʥ֮ﵽ˼ޡ
գ֮䣬ѱģ
ĪЦͻȻоһˮϢ֮УæȻĻˮųһȥϲ
ˣ
ں̶֮У޿ײ룬ĪЦȴˬǰһʢĻ䣬״ȴɿľɣѪܣĪ⣬ǻ֮һŲӽɫĹʵâһȻԴɢ̲סȥϵ档
ǿľ·Ȼһɸɿʬɵʬɽʮ֯}ˡǻЩʬ֮Уֳţëϸ˿ԴԴϼȡ⼫
һĻ͸Ź֮ĪЦ̽˼֣ʵժȴһֻ֣סӡ
֣ԴԴϼȡзԣڵػ갧̷ʹ಻ѡ̶һϢʱ䣬ȫƿȨֻҪǵܵõôܼڻɹ
˫ĿҲ룬һ˿ʡУǰһӰԶǺˮޡ
ͨ˱ĪЦϮȥ
Ȼû˵ػû˹»ϮɾĪЦҪȻƽպؽΪħǷ֮ʱ
ĪЦǷ߷߲ƽ㾡Ϊ˼¡ڲƭ໳ӵĻϵ棿
ȻػҲֵܹ֮ʵΪ֮ƣΪϲߡ
ȴĵ׷ţٶȱĪЦҪ࣬ۿҪ֣һϹ˶ס
ǲ¡
ʱˣڻδɹʵֻк䣬в档һ֣ϼˣҲ֣ûһغ
ĪЦദʱƺҲëëۼӣŭɶ֮
Ķ֣±㱻Ǻ£˸Ǳ뺮̶֪ȥ
µӣһԾĪЦ̨֮СһΪΣµ֣˫ƣֻӰƾճ֣Ͽҧռ䣬˺һһͨеĺڶ
¿ѪѪˮ̶ˮγһƬһԶĳطᣬƺ͸ϰ˼ǹͷǧˡһ룬ȻȻڶʧ
ͬʱ̶ײһӰԳ֮ƿ̶ػʼĹѨ
˿Ƭƣ˫Ŀ˫ɨӼ䣬Ӱһʱ
ܵô죿˼ҲϢѵѳ
˵գͻȻԴʹɫϱãһŮӣһƽģ
СС֮Ҳѹһͷ
ռƣڻ꣬Դɾ֮𡣡
һɺԣҲһ˻ѣƾʲôռڻɹҲ̵ܲң
ұͬںϣ޺

˫겻Ͽ⣬ƺ˭ûʤһءܾžŹһѹֱӷϴǵػ꾹ƾûлҷ𡣵ͬһʱ޷κεػֻ֮꣬ݡ
Ƭ̺»壬ֱӳʼĹѨڡ
ĹѨʯź¡죬Ʋţ˯ŮͻվĹѨ
ĪݳˣĹѨ
ȻǣҿĶش˴Ļô˵أ˴ɣɱҲϧˣ
ˣǻ򻤷Ҫʬ壬͸ʦ㣬ʬйҲð

Ů첱˭ҲҿʼĹѨ˽ɡʯѾ򿪣ٳû߳ˡŮһһ죬ʼնſڣڴ֮ɫ
Ȼϣ߳ĲǻݣǸŴƵŮӡŮӳ£סգļã˫ȱֱ޳ǰԲԲ̣ͦʤѩֻвѪϣƻ˼С
Ůǲ֮䣬Ҳо˼ֲѰŮɢһ˲Ϣ
Ůֻ쬵ģʶ㼯˼һλŮޣʵǺˣΪλҺȻʼĹѨУѵҺȻŵǰ
Ů˿ûлش˼ֻһǰߡ
ŮæóһĿ¶֮ɫ
ʾҵȱҪгʱ
λŮ޻δ˵꣬ͷ­ءŮ޸֪Ůζ֣һʱͷƤըѣ׷׳Ůӹȥ
ŮͻȻ̧ͷڷɢߣ¶ǵֻǾϣ˿һֹЦݡ
ŮδӦŮȵ룡
δ䣬Ůȣգ۾Ů֮У֮ͷ­˫֮ϣɺѪҺ
ֻһ棬ڳֻʣһˡŮ⣬֣ȾѪָͷΪһ壬ڴݼըŮһЦʮܡ
ȻδƷζһᣬɫͻȻˡһƽڿغȻŵӵʬʱҲֲƽ侲Ȼɫ䡣
ػ꣬㰲ң
ʲôң費ҪҶΣɵĳһˣɱͬšһղߣұһĥ㡣
ʮֻؿԹأܽ㰲ķųڻ֮ڱصã˺ɱҵҶ㣡
ңܿƵң˵󻰡֮ʱ֮ʱͻ֮ʱ֮ʱʧ֮ʣұܿҿܶʱ
Ŀ¶ʹ֮ɫٲػ꣬һŮϰһӣһӣ⼸λŮʬڷУôǰ˸ء
մɱˣұ⣬Ȼػɱ޹һ˳еڴģѰת֮ˣ츳УȻϤĽڣ츳ʳǣһƽ
Ƿڣ˼ݣȥ


74 
ĪЦ, ʹޱȣ˶ҪɢһһҪʹ顣
ɨһΧ, һïܴ֣Χûа, жޡʲôæ, Ȼؿ½ҳһɢСɹʵ
һ, ĪЦŬǰ, ڵϻԲѵĲģ˼䡣
ǿۣϤˣĪİ, һſڱɳ֮СŲֻͷԲʮ֮, ˴, ӦǺȻźɽ֮С
ƺ, ˵һ仰Ĵͷ, ĪЦκҲԸӦ
С·Ż½֮ڣĪЦ, ҡҡλվ, ߵϪԱߣ»󣬿˿Լա
ˮ֮, ӰӰ´¸һԲɣ, ԼĪʮ, ͷ֮ɫβԵƣüٷݣȴ˼ݷ˪µĺۼ
ĪЦ̾ϢڹᶴУǵػԪȻдҲڸ໳ӺûܲȫòУѱɡεȴ϶һϳĪЦʱʮתءձҵӣѳʸ֮ģ޶ʧ٣ɡ
ӣĪЦ̾ϢһջзƣϥϢûʹѰϢ֮
Ӱӹ棬ĪЦʱѰһѨ˴Ϊأڶݻ֮סл֮УҲޡ
ĪЦ̽һûз쳣ǿЩ˶Ѩ֮С
ѨޱȣĪЦҲ⣬óа档ᷢ⣬֮ΪԣԿĸ
еСͨӽɫ״ˮΣխ¿渲һ߲ĺۼʮֿݡϸ۲죬ܿǿ֮ڣɢĵ󣬱͡
͵ķĪЦоĶƽ࣬ٲɣʼ˹ˡ֮˵Чʶƽո߳˼̶һʱ˻ָ߰˰ˣҵҲƽ
ۣĪЦֻǰƺøһЩϸСײĳһۿ塣
ӹȻǷرܸУ¶ΪҲĪô
֪ĪЦѴﵽһƿŬ޷ͻƣֻǽӷ˵һʱЩУν档
΢˼Ƭ̣˽Ӵϵ뷨
ֻΪò죬ԪºںȻŴȥҲ˵ðȻ뿪Ŷ棬ںȻãҪôʵġ
˼ϧĪЦСķߡ
ССʶĻסӣһ򣬺ʹ֮ɫƽ߽ૺߺߣ˯ðޱȡĪЦţĿ¶ûв֮ɫ
ͬ˺ʼǸвĪЦһ̲´ڹʶһֶʮּɵУ¶λ벻Ϊò֣ĪЦҲĴм֪ѽ굱Լˡ
ۼһʱỹѲĪЦ㿪ʼϸϸѨ
˴ѰѨûκֻǿɨ£δܿѨľ󣬷·ס
δ֪ĺԤʾصΣգĪЦϴ˵Ȼ̽Ѱɡ
Ҫ֪ȻŻ޼Ϊɽ֮У޳УޱȣΪΣ˴˰жûУ
ĪЦɫ䣬ڽǣ̶뿪
뿪ãܳȴϸߣһңͷмڣ۱̣ᣬж֮Ҳޡ
ЩڶѨ˿вʵĳ׷ȥһȴǰçײķ߱ײͷѪԵڵأ˻˻иͣ
Ѩ֮УһŮӵ̾Ϣ
ɣѾˡ벻ȻУж׽ʿҲѵáΪ˵ӣȴӵзرĶ࣬ǸΪӪӡ㲻Ҫȡˡ
ʱϢģ׷׳Ѩȥ
Ƭ̺һػؾס
ĪЦ￪⣬ſʼг֮ɰ˿˸ƫƧ֮ز
ҹĻȥĪЦļ٣ӻ£ϧķҡΣֱǺһ˫۾״Ű֡
ǰЩѣˣٲȥҶҪꡣ
ûػȴҪĪЦԲۣҪƿڴò֮ʱں֮Уû˵
ֻΪ𣬻صʱ򣬲޴֮˴ɫӻָԪ
ĪЦæͷЦ˵˳ӱ߽꣬ɵҩǧꡣǰɻʮ˸Ԫĵҩʱֳɡ
ϲĿ֮ʣ²˸ۣԴϣǴײ𣿻ʮ˸һöӣǵʥ֮ҲֻöҩϲԴ֪֮٣°ﲻ㡣ãǡ
ô⣿ĪЦһֱ֣ȴֻٿǮĸоתתʵȻǷ䣬ôࡣָܽɼ飿
ӰԣƻŷԣΪȴѲ£кطԶݱзԡ
䲻֪Ů⣬»ǵͷ²ѡ
ĪЦһԾ£αЩһҧ֮ϣʱ䣬ķѣ˴ССİ˿顣˿Ƭŵɫ֣з˸ƺ֮ǰ
طڸϢҲڱ档ֻҷǷ֮ˣֻܽ䱣ꡣЩδʹãʧȥԡ
ĪЦصĽ⼸Ƭ봢˼һתһŵݸ¡
һӣָơ
۾΢У´һĪЦŵôģ
ĪЦӣεУҾǸʲôˣĶ࣬ȡӣҲһݹ֪֮ͣοҪӣʲô
ǰķϻûᣬһ䣬˵ĿϡŮϱĶ࣬û֮ģںȻУŮҲû˺ƤҪԪںȻжѣ±뽫øȴ˾˳
¶ʱǰթƻ֮ͽΪ˳ۣҧסƬ븹У
ĪЦСһ飬븹Сʱθƺһ͵ůӿ֮θҺøŨҡ
ĪЦҳɣй


75 
է, ͵̫âΪһʵɴ
һȻŵӷ꣬ἸֻȾѪСޣïɭ֮СüĿ, 壬ݰ, ʤѩӲ, ԵЩ, Ȼ˫Ŀ, ʳȣм֮ɫ嵭˼֮СֻϧǿƻУ֮̾Ϣ
˲ɽ, ͥŲС, ǹ, ĥʱ, ڵȴʲô
ǵУлʱʱ, ʱЦʱҡͷ̾ϢԻ, Щ졣
, δںȻţС΢ϧʱܻȥǼŮ, , ŵ, ڽӡ

ҵδؿò֪ݣɽƽϸϸʼĹѨ֮ΣҿҲأƺܡ

ˣ̹ն֮ͽط۸ҵϢ㻳ɣҲ̶֣̽ˮڣΪƫ

˷࣬ӣֻͼϧδʼĹѨͣлᣬҿȥһˣ

һһƳ߽̫΢΢һЦ첽ȥ
;һɫ죬룬ŲƫתһԾ
˵֮Уλ½ȾѪ걳űֳӿݵıһĿǰǰΧͷªıޡЩͲȴ˫Ŀ㲻ǡ
λˣȫһ֧ţþ޷ͻΧǿ֮ĩ֮ɫԱ
һλͻȻƿڴ˫Ŀ֮бɫ벻ӾҪڴ˴˽ܣΪۣƴˣͬھ
ճһ޹ȥλ󾪣ߺ³ç
ѾˡӾ˺ۣٶȻȲЩޡֻһĹ򣬱㱻ͷްڵϿҧҽг
Ѫζ̼ޣǸ޼ɵҪʳ
һѾ˵꣬ԥ֮ɫܿ죬ִͬǰ޹ȥ
Ľδϣоһӹ֮䣬ǰͬħޣ㱻Ȼɡֻޣֱڴˣ
󾪣תͷˣͻȻϲ˫Ŀݣ
ĪЦһۣƾȻͶ䣬һ˵ȣˡЩδޣһΪԣ¶֮̿ɫ׷׶١
ĪЦջĿ⣬Ƕ΢ЦףߵһϢߣһŵҩС
ҩڼϿɲ˺ۿɼֹѪѿǿۣһޱϤЦ
֪Ǻ˼һԲ
ĪЦ΢΢һ£⣬վӶԶ˵˫Ըչγڴ˴
ӾճӡĪЦǼʱ˶⣬Ƚύˡ
񣬶Ǽӣǰ;δĪЦѾˮһ·ն˱Ȼҵˡ
ǵǴײ㣬һЩϢ֪֮١ֻõĪЦһ·ɿ죬ճ𣬼ЩҲΪȻԽ俴ɼĴڡ
ճӼӾƽתͷĪЦֵлȣǵĵҩҵȾ˴˫ԳɼףӦԸԺ֪ΪԺӣ࣬ɽܶЩ׵㡣ΧҲѲ鷳
Ӿͬճӱһ顣֮У˳ƺʦִ˹ϵ
ĪЦԵͷӾûʲôĻçײѪͬΪ֮ʱཻ빲ԺΪ֮ˡֱ˵ĵλѷտɱȣԾҲʲϽ飬ԵĮЩճӣһĻȣƺ˿ɽȴ崺硣
ĪЦʵ֮ʱˣȻλҲԲȡ
ĪЦ˵ͷЦǾǰϲǡҽҲżĵãںɽһ
룬мֻӸճӣ⼸ֻޣɻЩ׵㣬һȥɡ
Χ˵ıޣҲͬΪף޴£ȴٶȾˣǲǳȺжȻС˷õĶʬ壬ķա
ݴ˶ˣ黹ûþӾܾҪܾԵճȴȻһЦһʬ봢С
ˣȴ֮Ҷ˶ŬУȡ׷ĽŲлᣬֵ˾ٱٻǰ
ĪЦҲЦüһգ
ĪЦߺճҪӾȴƿȻΪҪݵĶǣδôƤ񣡡
ճҡͷһ֪̾汲ֳǽжسгرһסʶ΢ĩ˼δȴԱԶԡɽǶĺ
Ӿһ㶣þԡ
ĪЦ߳ɽֱӻס
ſǻãĪЦ֣ʱϲˣǲ˽°ȥΪ㣿
˹֮ɫԱĪЦһůҡͷֻȥɽ޴󰭡
˿˲԰׵üʵʦֿʲô£ôɫô
һЦ¶޳ݣЩĴӴͳһ棬ĪЦС
˫Եһ϶ԳΪҵӡҲԺƽͣն񣬱ͬŶΡѽΪ⣬䲻ʲôȴ㱣
ֳأʵ޻лⰵأĪЦһʱ˫
ý
ӹЦƺ˽ʮֻϲͷЩûôϵĻҲֻ࣬һѽ˺ǰ·ұҪءҵӣŽѣĻϲ⣬˽һҪţ
еĹУǲ԰ѪĪЦ׹
һӦҲ˺ɽҹˢܹ˹ѫ㣬ȫΪѽ壬Ѳ˵
кƺֱ˼֣ĪЦҲ飬ջشȡ̫ܰԭĵҩƿҩ£Ҳֻʣ޼šĪЦȫӣȥң֪ʱټʦֿɸ֮˺ҲΪΣֵƣң
ףҽԬӦǱպ㻽Ҵɣ
˶һоڲС


76 
, ȺɽӳĺȻУݱȻȣҲ赲еǵ顣
䶷, Ѿۼ˲ǧˣ˳, ۷׷ס
۵ص㣬Ǵ˴ղ񵥺һͨ档
䶷̨ĵط, , ʱʱͻὫҪͨ䶷̨, Ը֮ӡ
յͨ棬дŮ޴ʼĹѨͼ죬Ϊеŵ, Ҫôнơ
֪ʼĹѨ֮, ײв۵ôСͨȻ͸һɹ, Ҳû˶ȤǵĿⶼͶ·İϡ
񵥷ֱԺ, Ұ뾳, Ǵ˴˫ԽԼõŽڸ֮ϵĴУɳѡϸӣڴС
ÿŰ, ǺȻеĴ¡ŵλ, ҲܵŸ¹ÿӵǰ;
һԣԺǼӽԺ, ڵ, ˹ע, 뾳˿ɼĴڡһңʱпܱԾŽУԵǵĹעֻۡҰ¹ش󲿷˵棬صۿĶ
Ժ֮˫ȡ۱֣ƺвͬǿѳ֮ȡ˫Եһƺ콾Ĺâһȡӷ߷֮࣬Ҳòʵй֮
㳡۵ĽҲڴˡ
ҰУҲҲŴųеϿɳ̶ȡԺ˫Եһͷ޶ݣһ̬֮տҲûκν
Ⱥ֮УиЦԱֶλ̫ԭʦΣȡ˫ԵһΣƷжӣΪȻճΪ뾳ӣҲûгԸʱ򣬻ֹڴˡѭӦˬ
ߵһλŮӦͣʦԼǡףûκνͣ˵ſء̫ԭʦˣȷǷһʵ飡
˵Ķ࣬һʱһߵǴݣ̫ԭ
һЦ˵ķ飬ݵ֫hԽڶָޱ˫ԶҲμӵķҲ۰񵥡ʵ䶷̨ս̫ԭ綼Ǿ̫ԭ粻һƷԶ֮ͽ
һñɫҶԡ֫hƽԸºͻãȵ֮ʱԵܺãŮ֮Уĸߡ˵Ů̫ԭãеӶ֪¡̫ԭֶ̫ܡ
ݱȶǸܡ
֪ݿɱںͳĬ壬ǣڰ·Ŀˣǳ׵ϡ֮У֪˶޵ҧгݣ֮죬ڣɻɱˣûټ
޶ð亹˳Ⱥ֪ȥη
ŮҲͬȥΨֳΪ֫hԵĶ
һĻСûжȡ˹۰飬ܿ㱻˳û֫hþŰ񵥣ڿԼǰ֮ʱҲЦݡ
ҲңպܸǴһͬˡ
ӵĻ£ܲԡŮĻϲڴŽ˿û⵽ԱߣͬڵӰȴ仰նС
ɫףѪɫһֻʶץĽ̵֮ѽ׵Ƥѹ˼ۡĽ̾Ϣδֱֻۣǵ⣬λʦΪԼʻҿǹϵͦõġ
ɫ˼֡Ķ֫hòɬĵӣɬ֮УƺʲôƲסƵĳ಻ԡ
ãĿ񵥡ԺϣȻḶ֣̌
䶷̨ϵ֣ĪЦ֪ʱһλʦֽһƬȺɽС
ɽСۣʱһưԺ˵ưܣֻ˴֣ͥԺӲݺƺûסˡ䷿ãӳķſԿڲһӦȫ˻ҳȽϴһѵõ֮ء
ĪЦǰԺݣЩԣʵʦ֣ǣ
λʦһ˴֮ءģ㻹ɸĵط𣿡
˵գһ䣬һĪѹĪЦЩˮڳһظӣȴת
ңԴһֻ֪λʦһ罫һ·Բｫ˴ڼ֮˶ƺΪͷĿԡĪЦȻóλʦǸд󲿷ֵһƫҲûвʶȤӡ
£ɽݣԲԸ˵һתҪߵģΪ
ĪЦ˼εȻĵʦĪҪģֻǲ֪Źأʦֲá
˵գ˳óԬ˫ذף˹ȥ
ذȹѹأԬ͸ĵһ˵ԸˡʼĹѨУĹңֻʣһ÷϶벻λʦֵۣΣֻó˫ذס
λʦֵĮӹذףƬ̣۾һҲ¶ƺ΢Цƺ˿̣ǰ֮ˣҲ˳
˵˵ҵӣҪʱ񣬴棬Ȼ˺סÿҵӶӵԼլԺպڴ˿ҲãֲҲգŶ̫ࡣ
񣬴ϲʮĵĽ˵껹ЦݿĴӴóһЩ
ҵӵĵӷ͹в֮ƾ·ѧѯֵ೤ϡշæÿսӴǰźţһղſֵһлѧΪȫƾ츳˷Ķ࣬ȡ񣬻ǹ÷ҩɽȥʵص㡣ֻΣ֮й򡣡
֮ǰĪЦζѵ˴ȻƧЩȴǸ֮ءصΪѡ˵أǶʶĪҪϵ
ĪЦͷһɫȴ¶ϲ֮飬лʦ㣬ݶŬУ
·ʦԶĪЦɫʱ
˿Ŵʲôġ˴ԺŨЩȴҲ಻󣬶ǴϵΪͻ̫죬ڿѹ
ɻԴݵλΪδһʼ͵λɽƺһֱģҲ֪Ϊ
˫Եһ֤ԼļֵȻѳſļֵҲַ˼ٶⱳ󣬱Ȼ֪顣
Щʵ޷ĪЦҲ֮Ժϸ
ɽУⲢ˼ԶһլұӵеĵլԺҪ˼أȷûھӣĪЦ첽ԼլԺ
һţĪЦ㱻ĻҳǺɨһʱſ½šһƨϣִüչ
䲻»ӣУҪȼԺʱʱáҲ˵Ҫ֮дϲ֪ꡣҪôưܻļңеӰ顣
Щȳȵӣ߳ţɽïʢľͳ⣬
Ǻýֳִ˽ȴ֮ʱǴ˲СЩľƬϣ½½ԵһƬ
Ӱյҹִҹ硣ĪЦ߲ݵĸ¼ңϾɵΰʶ»ԼļҾߡ
˼գưܻլԺøɾԺӲϤҰͥ£լھȻ
һУԼĽ
ңдеɱҶã䴦ѣȻҵļ̣ҺΣ
ھı֯ϣյķ·ʦ͵Ĺ
ſţ򣬶Ҳ˴ĸ
ȻһײĹ꾡׶ѧⱾ֮ĺΪᡢѸۡĸ󾳽磬ÿϸΪﵽ˺֮已̥ܳܵޡԺҪΪ뻯ͻ
ĪЦ鶼ûдﵽȻȥֻ̽ڹһƪеõһЩʾ
ԭϵϵ侳Ϊ𵤡ԪӤΡɽ١֮һ֮غȻɸոµ֮ԴʢĺȻзţԹϵΪԺȻΪȴδͻЩ
ʱеģֻ΢ĩ˶Ŀ۶ѡԺеĹԶڣӦڡڴڼ䣬߳ĽתΪȻ̸սɵĺȻչһ˵ĳ̶ȣﷲ̥ޣ̨֮Уγɵ̨
̨Ƿȹ̣¹պǷЧ˳죬ڼ䣬ҪʵսȹΪ̰ðҪʱ䣬֮Ժʼα


77 
һЩ־Զʿ, صں֮ڶǿĵ̨Ϊպд¼ʵΪﵽԲ, ͻ弫ޣԪ, ɻɷǷԵıԪӡһӷӵ̨ǿձΪ, ͻꡣʱ׷ԲԵҲԪӶ
ԭΪԺ, , ԭҲеĻֶ֮࣬ȴӦֻк֮ӣҲǴȹ̵̨⡣ǰ֮Ůһɹ, ֻºȻպֶһλϼ
, ĪЦδ, ⱾȻ, 콫봢ϢƬ̺Ậ, ȥɽС
һƶϴпտգЩʳ伢
Ȼ, ɽҰҲʮַ˶ĪЦݲݿ˼ֻɽ, Ȳ˿
ǰδɽë֪ժȻյĽ, Ҳ̶áĪЦҲǼƽ֮, ɳԵĽζֻɽ, ƺ֮ϣϢƬ̣ͻȻ˫ĿٴУһӣϻϨ籪Ӱ㼲Զݣת۱㲻ټ
Ƭ̺ӰԡǴҵӷΪ毺áǶѻð̵һλ곤ЩŮ޵о˴ˣΪôӦˣĪǴʲôϢı
һλŮǰһЦʦǲҵѰһϢҵӣĪǾˣ
ŮҡͷҲȻҶ֪ҵвףǹƧ֮Ⱥӣ㷴ӦҲ֮Сܶҵ٣Ǽ򵥽ɫӦص֮ڡ
Ⱥɽֻ֣ڵʦѾչأ֮ʱΪ뾳еܵ˴ˣҵӶҪŲ顣Ȼ˴ƫƧˣ벻ӣ⣬ǲɵġ
һȥ
뿪ĪЦɫ粻˵֮£նУ಻ɿ
ĳԹѾ£֪ԼݣֻʮչأпƷƽ˾ȴյʹΪӪҲѱ¶š
ȻУֹѰҡҲǴˣǽҵˣŲδ鷳˵ҲδʼĹѨ֮ȫгŮӦǡڱչأһΪˣΪѹڵػ꣬ĳɹأ˼ɵ׷ɱң
˼ת䣬ĪЦð亹ܿ˾
ͳ·һǷֽǰαһСͷһıʶĪЦʶָٳɽⱼȥ
ǾʮСɽ˲֪ãĪЦǰųֺȻǺµĽȺƳϣɶУ䶷̨ԶԶϡеĴͺȲ
ĪЦҴ··ָᡣ
ҹͷܶ˫ĿӥĳϣĵĻӦŵǵѯҲηҵʵ
ԺҡȻеλһ˸𣬶ͷۣܽ鵹̾
ʱ𳤶ӣΨҴ˴ֻĪЦһˣϵĿܿĪЦϣɫͻȻһ¡
ĪЦЦϣĹֵϣһ񡣡
ϲδش⣬Ŀɨɨݣ
䲻֪⣬ĪЦǵ˵ͷ
ǳһȴǰڰʾ뿪
ĪЦãȻ֮ʣһλЦȻϲ̨Ĺ¼ҹˣȴ¶֪ҵһ˵ķ޼ʦ֣̽ؾʮ귽飬ҩŵܰµ»ԼҵӶﱸΪʦϴʦǶ̵̨뾳ܵһ㲥
λȻ˵˵㣬ҲĪЦʡԣüͷ׷ʵܰĻ£Ǻʱµģ
һŹ֮ɫеķԷʱ˹λ½˫ԵһĪͬ飺ܰҩųǰۿ˫ԣóǿ˰ˡܰǳңϵǳİɡòʵ۵λһȵϷʦ֣
ĪЦĸ죬Ӷܰ޼Ļ£Ǵ˰ٰ裬δһ䡣˭֪ΪԲλ࣬ǿĳͶˡܰȻ֮ˣŮʦַۣй֮շʦӭȢλ£Ҳˣ룬Ҫ⡭
ž
޻δ˵ĻȻֹԭֺͻȻš
˶λʧޡ˿ͶӡѪӡ񴦣ⳤǰĿ֮£ݾ£ָеһơ
ĿѣΧͬ͵ͬţһʱ޴棬Ȼݣң˶ңŲ泤ϣ
ĪЦ˫ĿԾķӿڶĿ⣬˿ã粽ǰֻһ֮ңɱȻʮɱһˣǧﲻСҽһŲҰϢ֮ڣȡ㹷
ɫɱ
޾ΪĪЦȣ˺󼸲ƺҲۣʱĿͶЩƽհͽʦʦ㣬ϣܸʩѹ
޼ɵݣҲΪЩ˶ݲϲȻݣҲЩǰˢһˢӡ֡նɫʦʦ㣬ȴһ˳ͷĿ͸¶Ź֮ɫƺΪڴݴ
Ϊϲƽƽ츳ƽƽдѣ궼ûңֻܿŰͽͬŵЩеĺôάơˣɱǴ̫ԭɱͬţȻŮ·ĺˣҪݴٷְҪҡ
ʱ˿̣ϲְûڣͻȻðһ뷨
Щʦʦƽݣ˽˵˲֪ٻΪȴһȥΪݣ˴ǲǱǵ⣬ݵõԼ޶ѵ֮
ϲ亹ֱðдЩαʦʦ㡣µɱģĪ͵˴ˣպдѡһ׹ߣﻹ˵ǲǶۣҴææܳȥ񱼡
ΧһЦ֮ƺΪźû
ĪЦɱδĿɨˣɭȻһۣܸܵǹɺ֮ĺȻǱΪҪߵʿ˾£Ҳһջɱţǧɱ֮Ǿ֤
ޱݣͦΰȻɱ.֮ǣ
Ц֪ʧУһˬЦøһŭΪգøʮɱһˣǧﲻСݣѪգϷûѵˡձ㣡
һӥ۳׳ĪЦֽסһСӣ򿪣ʱɱɢЦտлϳȫ
ҵרСᣬݣѲԼʱ䡣
Ȼдһɣƽ⣬̫ԭ֫hã
̫ԭ֫hã񶨿˳ޱȣλƽֻû˫ԶӰû뵽ȴһλµĸˣܽд۸ӵ˽һ
񣬷


78 
΢, ɽȺɽеĺȻţٲȻһɼһ
ɽſ, ӰѾʱֱΪһɫ, һֲ;һλЦݿ, ʣ, ̫ԭ֫há
һ, Ǽɽ֮ʱ˵ؼϣ
̫ԭΪǫ̸, ƽ˽, Ը˵䡣֫hù龫, ù, ǸŮλ޶۸ĺ, һʱڣҲᡣ
˵ЦʱʣһԾδ, ̫ԭЩˡ
λʦ, ֪һ˺ʱ
˵Цʧһ, ȫƾһ˲þ, ˴γֻ˵Ҫ˷ɽҵȽԲ֪˭ʵǷ, Ȼ˵Ҷ
ޱһɣƽ̰壬ΪѴﵽѸо޹츳ȴʤȽҴ˴аܼʮֿɿ
УҲΪߣ⣬һɱͷˡ
̫ԭ⽻һɣ͵ʦǡ֮ʱҲܾĳˣʦֶҪúö١
䣬һӰ۶ܵǰ
̫ԭתͷ˫Ŀͻ÷ŴϵЦȻֹһʱ֪α顣
ݣ̫ԭ֫hͬʱڣ֮ɫԱ
֮˰լԺ󣬱ɣѾԻݱ߽ȥʺĻɽݣǴ⡣
̫ԭ֫hö˼֮Ȼóѹݣʱȥ̽Ǵù۸Сŵȷͷ̽Ͼڴʱ
ۣǺһɸո̫ԭӦһɵĻֻλͷ˶̬ȸӲˡ
ȻһĪЦһۣŭѳСǿһʱɽ˴ϣԾܣȥ
ĪЦŴ˲Ϻˮ̧ۿ˿ɫּ̫ԭ֫hƴʹɫʱ׹
Ȼź֮ڵɽУɽʮǧɫû絽ЩԱ⣬Ҳһݡ˭Щʿô磬ҿ̫ԭ˰ʾ˼ϰǳʶʱδʱ䣬û˸Ұʱ絽˾롣
ĪЦ飬ȻȻײǹڡҲóλʿΪǿģԵǴͷϴ
̫ԭ֫hð˿ݣ
ĪЦһλһˣǽҪһ飬Ȳ⡣
ĪЦͷЦұݡλǳʦ֣ѧ롣
΢΢һЦ¶һİȻѧ룬ɱȲĶĲ
ĪЦĸоǲͬ˲гɼǺԼʫĲŻЩҪд˼
Ҫˣ˼ȴȫЩʵĶϣ²Ǹӣ
ĪЦи̸̣˼䡣
̫ԭһ̬ȻĪЦλʦ֣˵ƽʱ˵˼䡣
λǳƽʦ֡ʦʹһԾŶʵ֮壬Խ׶ԵУҲǳ¡ʦƽӼԡսѷɫǿߡ
̫ԭ渵Ϲά֮ɫŨ񣬵ĪЦжʱӿһ˿õĲ²⡣
̫ԭ˺εȴ֪һɲǱĴӣȻӴȿҫˣȴһһѳƽϸĪʲôϢ
ƽһţǸЦݿģ㵹ǽҵ
ʦﻰֻǾǿߣԶİˡ
̫ԭѼ䣬ĪЦСᣬ֪˴˴ݡɽԺǧҪʦֵĻçײҲ飬ж
ĪЦ֪Լص˵ͷ
һɴһӣһֽС۱ڿУʳָһ㣬һâС۰ֽС̼Ϊɳľʴ󴬣˿˿ƵİɫΣɷǺÿ
һĻ̫ԭĿ¶֮ɫʦֵнʮ֮ңת˲ǲ˵ı͵ȵķзҪһǧ׵ϡ֪һ죬Ҳܹ׵㣬һз
ⷬȻһʮãȻͷվڴͷ֮ϣ˵ϴɣ
Ծ̤ڴ֮ϡ󴬼۶Уȴʮƽȣƽذʡ
̫ԭ֫húĪЦǵһȻѡĵĲֺ
ҺȻǴ֣ΨͳţϽ¹ｮа͢ǲϱţҵʿɽɨ䰲˴Ҫȥĵطٰµİ׺Ӵ塣ɺˮƵ̣ʿָԽ򣬸˷ˮӻһգ˰׺Ӵ
̫ԭĪЦֹªŵ֮ˣ֪֮࣬ϲĽ
СӴ峣갲ƽ˳졣ٰµһ壬˿ڶࡣϧǰʱֹжΪҵǰȥҪǶ
ĪЦ֪ЦֻѰкɽޣһˣӦ
̫ԭҡͷҲܵġ֪ҲŵȡǻǰԹɻΪԹꡣĹʵҲһޣֻжΪĪһЩԹ󣬱ɻΪ飬˷ʳΪһЩˣʬȾ׳ΪʬǱǺǿԵаѰֺҲ֪׺ӴĹж٣ʵΡ
Щ֪ʶĪЦɷĵ伮ĶȻҲ˽ࡣδӴȻҲ̸Ϻ£̫ԭŵӣݸ
Ǻˣ
̫ԭɫγԣӲ񣬹֮ΪĩҵʿǰȻʧɫ
û˵꣬ͱһԵ֫hò̴ϣ˵̫ԭ¹ˣ˵־С˵ܰҹѡ
̫ԭɫָ࣬֫h˵
ĪЦƴЦҲ˼˵Ļѣ벻̫ԭƽһҲ͵͵־С˵ܱѣұģҲ㣬Ҳ㣡
̫ԭԾɨأŤͷЦֹˡ
ͷһɣ˿ҲȾϼЦ⣬Ծ˶Իͷĳ΢΢ͷˣһ̿ӡΨ󣬶ڴβĳƽ⣬ĿһֱĪЦӰĿ֮ɫһš
з鴫ʡȴһ컹ûڱ˰׺ӴС
һҷĴ󴬴ˣ׷׹ڵأߺˡɽ֮˷վڴϣһȻҵӷȻɣʱܷһ㡣п̣۵ĪЦ༸˶ǿŮɼȡ
ڿգȴû£һҲٳû´
ĪЦʱ֫h䣬ǴȻ˳ģͷ٣ȻЩӱῴ
ĪЦȻʣ
ɣйɰԽԸ˱Խ㣬ԽǫͣԽǿ㡣ɼҲͨá
ʱ죬һɺһ峤ڣ
·ڵصĴһλսսվż˰ݣŲΡΡССǴ峤


79 
ǰ겻ʮͷ, Ϊ磬Ȼʿ, ƴũֻ֮ۿڣή, 㾫ûС
һüͷʵ׺ӴǼڰĴ峤Ϊ̫, ǲ֮, С
Ϊ̿, սսæ̫ͣ˼ҸСƽǼֻۡҸǰΪ, ɥ², δܼʱȥٸ
˵, ƽͨһ, ˫ۺᣬݲѣΪ
, ˵ɸŴ޶¡һϢҪӱޣʮ¶δص̫龭ɹٰһ·͵Ȼ, ʮ졣ƽӦûѡ
˿ƽ, ֮鲻αĪЦ༸˶¶֮ͬ
һɫ, ˷һԾ, 䵽, ּ䣬»ΪֽСۣջشС
һѰֶΣ뷲Уǲ˵ɷ׷¶ĽݵĿ⡣
һӭĿ⣬ɫģϰΪƽˣæ
Ұũӣ峤լԺռĹ㣬ūӦоУеһ·Ҳ׺ӴũӾ£ѰũҼҼȮһʮָԣĴׯ
£ƽ㽫Ϥ
ԭǰйƵһΪŶũμҹС޶СڼޣŶʬǣͶԶسǵı׼ҡ
ǴɽƵ׺ںӱ߲ҹ䶼ɽ
峤̫Ϊŭ˺񣬱ʩаǵ֮޴峤Уҹͱж
̫Żæٸүɳʮ׺Ӵ壬δף㶼ɥûһ
Դ˴峤ұˡƽĸף綼ѣΨһλԶ磬û⵽֡ƽҹҹ˯ľսȵ˺Ȼˡ
ƽԣ׺ӴеĹֹһֶβ̣ʮ˵á
һϸ˼Ƭ̣׺ӴӶҵʱ׺ɭȻԴͷ׺йء峤ĪйңҺȻԴػ˼䰲ƽ
ƽϲл֣߽ۣжһ̣
ƽƿ̵ĺ첼˵˹ٺᣬΪ׺ӴСΪΨϼϣ˲Ҫֱɡ
֮ϵĶֱΪһʵʵİϲΣһӤĹʵһİһСɫʰ쵵ھһСƿ
Ƿ֮ǰϲȻ޲࣬ͨƵ⣬ԣǰεСΣҲѰ
ӤĹʵΪ˲ιСҲаͷ˲ιɼҲټ֮ܣںȻУһͷ˲ιҪʮ׵㡣
ǸһĴСĺ飬ںɫΪ顣֮أ֮£ܽ顣ڹ޶üҿСʮ겻ܽɣʮֺС
һھԲض˵ÿһ鶼󣬿߲ӦһЩͽ޲ôһСѣ˼伫ΪֵҲĸߡ
ǸСƿװһЩҺ壬ƿŵѪɷ֮Ӧĳλħ޵ѪҺ侫̶ȣѰɱȣֻͨСƿʢװʧһЩԡƿѪҺãȴֵǣǰĸһֵǮ
ɫһ䣬һһɶݣǺЦ峤ˡ
һԣЩڷ䲢ѼҲҲһЩС
ĪЦɫĪ࿴˼ƽǰڵң˴֣һĺңȻһЩ֮ҲѼ֮ıȻҲųݾǸӣ˵ȤҲ⡣
Ȼˣһ֮أ˶ıҲɡ
ƽҲ˼֮ˣ˼о֮ɫ͵׺Ӵֺϣһˣ˷ˮʹ˵ȷǣïвٸհ˷ˮȻмӡܼ˽Ե汲Щ档СԸȫˣֻһذ
ƽԴǿУɡһɫͣƬ̵δҵԲܴ񡣰׺ӴѣΪٴңҵ̶ǰ׺̽飬峤ڼо򡣡
˵գл峤˼˻ٸ׺ӱߡ
νƲģȻŵҲסʱʱУɳɷˮ࣬˶һɶụ̂˴ջ֮ࡣíʮֵľ͵ųȥطߡ
׺ӱߣɫǰϼأΪˮϼֹɫʣУʱʱⲨĿͨˮ޶¡
֫húһûʲô̫ͬԭ䣬ʲôһΪû֮ʲôǸͨĴӡ
̫ԭɫhĪҪ֣жδǲ֪ʵɵġ
֫hͷüͷݿȥǷֱ𲻾ãȴ϶˼ֲһĶʲô˵
ʱĪЦѾһСӣ˾ʮ㣬Ϊûеõȴ˼ֲԵʡŮ˼ϸ壬仯һš
һΪ˴Ϊ֮ˣȻҪʦʦǰ¶һ֡ͳһŲ֪ʲôķǺˮ
ֽƮƮˮϿգʲôϰ㣬Ҳ޷нһɵָһͣһȻֽ貽𣬷ֽâʢ϶Կ
һɼΪǷֽΪâɢСǺˮ֮ϣȻĵ׹
ֱΪΰ˹֮̾
һɷֽ٣ʱѪӿĵĪþò
ֲ;ĳһνջ˴Ըпո˴˵طˮĸˣʵĵõˡһشɣ֮£˿Ϊ
ĪЦ˽̫٣ʵΪش󣿡
Ƶڷ֮ϣұѿֵľŲʱ֫ѳǴɡԣòˮ⣬Ըģ򱳸ķˮЧıǲ󷨡һΪ֧ţ֮ɽѹ塣󰵺ľ괺֮أһ˵壬Ҳֻ֪ЩƤëۡ
ǿͻȻĿһָŷֽ֮һͬǣ֮УЩơ
ĪЦǿܿüмɭӰ֮ڣƺﵱɼˡľһǺܱ֮ӻһ·ִ˲ƣĿ飬ȴܽ׺Ӵ忴ͨ͸й֣˼Ҳϸ壬ǸѰɫ
ƽһͻȻ𣬳ǵȥý˷صĹӰδ׶֣˻㱨
ﹲӰŮΪǺܸߣȴǶһǡ
һüƲˣҪʾϡ
ĻŮһֱУֻҲ޿κΡ


80 
аκȻŵܹɱа, ƽֲϧóѹ׵ıϣʱǺΪЩ޴ҲͰ, Ҳᶪŵ
һķֲ뵽, İ׳ִʮ꣬, ްɷǵ, ޽ĳ̶ȡѵһ, ׳϶ۣ
ĪЦ˼Ƭ̣ҿ󷨰ɷӦа塣λΪ󷨱Ϊ, ȴӻף
, ˶¶ɻ֮ɫǵͷû, Ϊ, Ǳӻһˮǿ󷨣аɽӽҿƽƳϿ, Ҳ
ƽ˴ˮΣҸո֮̽ʱֺй, Ϊڸ, ֶܿߡǲº̽飬ҵ
˵꣬˿ĪЦ, ЦЦδҹ, Ƕʢ֮ʱ, ҿº֮̽£ͽҺʦܱɡ
̫ԭ֫hͬʱüݲ֪ƽģȴʮǳĬİ֣˫֮УɱһֱǳƽĽᣬҪɱ˴ӣҲᡣݶֻ»ʹɱ֡
̫ԭȻ¹ΣգҪվеˮ֮£ȴ΢΢һЦӦ
ݽճٵ֪λлˮһ£ͷʦַģһ˼ɣҲһΡλʦʦǧĪ
̫ԭĪЦѾ֪ӻˣӦ´£һһɶ˵ʲôң˰ĦһЩʡ
ȻһɼĪЦϵ̵ͷǼΪ֮ͣɱɲó֮̽£㽻ˡɣȻһݡ
һԴ˲ϲ»㹫ʡһǳƽʲô뷨ҲҪʽɫ
ĪЦδƽĿ⣬Ųһ̤Ծ˺С
ˮףĵʧĪЦںˮҷãӵס
ͨϺȺͬԽǵӵԽûа֮У˴ɭΪһռ䣬һУûһ˿ˮս롣
ĸλã̤ӵϸɳʱеһɼǿѹ֮˷ѹתͼѹȴ۵һѣæתȻ׾ٽѹɢ
ˣĪЦﻹף֮ѹаиǾɡһаӰȴܰȻǺԵʣ
ϸ룬Ϳϵƴ񷢳Ŀ⣬ֳĹɣĸϡʱϸС΢⸡֣֮ɢǸӣͻȻϸϵ֡
ЩֲϤ壬һСߣͷۻǲס
µСԴ֪ʱ˳˶ͷϵˮգ°͵ҿЩΣеҾ罫ӡպУ˵ջ񡣡
ĪЦ̴ĿеĶŲ¡
±ûڣ㿴ʲô
ĪЦֳϿҵ˵ǰݺӡѣԵڻ¡
ˣһǲӡ͹
νӡīֽ֭Ҳ޲ֻ֮ͬϵ֣ɷѰֽīܽǰרõӡ֮﷽ɡĪЦһף˵ӡ֮ѰֽŶûа
²ɣҪãϺȴܳʵ¿֪ͳűֽ֮ȥ
ֽϹƬ̺ƮȻ£Ѹֳһģһ֡
һһ編ƣĵϵȫӡһɣֱ㲻Լͬʧ
ֽһ𣬱˳ݺ֮䣬ֳּ֪
̫ϢͷĪЦͷһ𣬴ϲһ伮
ͬĪЦļ˫۴

쳣ĪЦںѯʣϲ¾һ̬ݺݵһۡ˼ʱദΪĬгһ۵ĪЦֻоԼв֮̾Ҫһ
Ҳһ۹󣬱޶Ŀģ䵱С
㻹ǵõʱ½Ƽ˵֮𣿡
ĪЦͷ֮ǰľɵ֮֡Ҷмλѳ˵棬һֱӡػ԰ǲϧħŵߣʬھΪ޳֮ͽȡһսľɵزʤﱻᣬɵ𣬼λʦҲ֣ūۡȴҲɱ˶պʿ֮һɽ֮衣ҵΪ˳𣬺ηɳ﹥ħŵս𲨼ǧ꣬˫˲أħŵΨ⵽׷ɱţȡطӡʥء꣬ٳһҾ˲ֻ裬ĸ½Ƽеƴ񣬱һλھشҲλ沼µ󷨣
ĪЦд󾪡ֲƴᴥĸ֣ԭǸܵ˵Ϣ
½Ƽˣȥľɵسң˼Ҽ޶˱ӡԹֹ졣Ǳﺦ˲ǳֲݣԵҪ֮֡
귨Ƿ治˾ִʮԼҲġ
ûĪЦ԰ɫֽһ֡
Ǳʮ꣬Ԫĺӣõɣκɽˮ֮Сһ׺ӱߣ˵طߴƣÿͣڴס¡عΪһŶȻԪоʱ飬Ը׺УΪ󣬳ɾʹ˷Դءã컯Ūˡ౾ȴڣ˶꣬ӡ˷ǣ˵ػߣռࡣ֪˶Ϸܳɣ˵֣֮Դմβ֮شƣաľȥҲԵˣϰĻ;ϢԳɰࡣ
ˮ£бԸ
ĪЦ˾һʱ֪ȰοһĻޣյĽ־ȻǱ˶ھȫʬ
֮ʤΪ߿ܣبŲĵֻδظʤδ̹
ĪЦΪˣҲ౰ֶȡʤδ˸ܡҵĹߣҡСڲпӱΨвʤȥֱ̤ŶʬǳΪŮӵ˱۵ûиı䡣ԽǿеĿֻԽ࣬ΪҴ棬ֺڹ᳹
ֱɲ֪Լʲôֻȥˡ
˷ǣΨһ࣬ȴһֱá
ʱ˿̣´ӡλǰҫĿߣͬһССһĬĬ˿ڣĪЦᵽĹ¶Ρ
֪ôģĪЦʶ˫ֻǲС껷ڻС
¾Ҳһ£˫ͨ죬һҧĪЦֱ֮ϣ˲ʱѪȾʪȴδһԣĬĬܡ
֪˶ãƽɿڣһԲ½С
޳֮ͽ㲻̬һðˣѰû֮ұһɢĸгԻָһԹˣǲͷϣ


81 
ŵô, ĪЦΨпЦ
ֽԻһͣҪ֮ನԹ, ȴòиΡ
ջ˼, ŷ֣űֽҲһͬʧʱҪʵڲ, ֻպ
͸ܱ, ĪЦںӵ̽, ҵ˾һƹݵŮʬʬѾãԭòֻǸ߸¡, г
, Ӱı, ҲɷԴ
ĪЦˮǹ̽, ˿̼ʬ壬ȻҪǴȥɾ͵ҪŮʬʱ, 仯
ԭ˫۵ŮʬͻȻˢˢ˺ͫ׵۾˫ָױǰ߳, ŨĹ
ĪЦͷ󾪡ķӦν, Ųһ̤α˺ʮкâʢֱŮ
ŮҲ, ʲô, ų˫ָڽӴâʱ, ϤΪ촷۲һ
ȻںҪŮ֮ʱĸУ뷢֮Ůǰ޶˳һϣϣײһʱ޷ͻơ
ԽϵҲڼǿһǿ׵ֱ͸⣬ĪЦϡʱ䣬ĪЦƱУ˵ɶȥ³һѪ
ǼŮѾϡ󷨼ӳ֣¸޼ɵա
Ůʵ̫ǿŶڶµˮƽĪЦһ֮ԸɣȻ󷨲ϼӳ֣޷۲
ǾƬ̣ĪЦٲɣⷽռ䣬˺ˮСŮƺǣô̧ͷƲʣƷŭĿĪЦԶȥûȥ׷
׺ӱߣһɵۼˮãǵȵЩ
̫ԭǼˮȥѰݣȴΪƽһֱԸոսңʵڲԸһҶǰֻĬĬȴ
ӹȥˮƽ֫hôסˣҪȰˮˮ֮ϣĵȴ˱仯
çԶͻȻ쳹أһһĵâʤƽˮ淺ƺɲǼޱȣܲ䣬֡ľ賤׺Ӵ񾪺С
˽ΪĪ
һشܣͿɺص
ļһɺ̫ԭɫòͣ֫høֱӳںȵʲôܣʲôͣݿ϶ˮдʲôΣգٲȥˣ
ʲôԼҪȥģ˵ʲôԼءƽ
㣡֫hͿ˳ۣСƢһҪ·ҷȴ̫ԭֹ
ǿ
ֻ׺֮УԾһӰֱֳĪЦ
һԾˮ棬ĪЦýˮգŮݱ¶Σա״̬ʵڲã˫ŸոأͲòϥأ³һѪ
֫høϽǰָմֱۣ͸оһ̹ǵĺ⡣
㣬ô
ĪЦƿҡҡͷֻЩ壬ϢƬ̼ɡ
һæǰʵˮ·ʲôΪλ󣿡
ĪЦŷ֣Χľѷȥʱģƺ࣬յδҹ޹⡣ΨдˮĵɹʶĿ
̬ˮŮʬ˵ڳȥ̫Ϣ¡
˵ˮ޾ŮʬǽΪ͵ȽʬȴΪ󱣻޷
һЩ˼顣ǻݴԵαֻ󣬾Ȼֱˢ֪
֪ħŵȻڴ֦ͬҲа֮֡ʲôаħɱҲͰˣܲˣȻܻ֮¿ԱӻŮ©ǰӻֻǲ²⣬˿Ȼ֤Ծ˲šЩŮΪߣ˽Դ۸Ĵܡ
ĪЦͷ׺Ӵһ¶ΡŮʬݶƺԹءǼȻܹƴնɱɴӰ׺Ӵ֣顣ԹǼŮԹ˵ɽ䳬ȡ
⻰˵оݣǳƽⶼûзʱƫ̻˭Ҳȥȥս³
ǾãǸôķ֣һȻḻվɱɱЩͬ͡˿ҳΣʵһͷˮòѯʡ
ĪЦ˼Ƭ̵˵ӻ˳ǰǰֲҾ硣Ǵ峤ƽɲ꣬ҿ˿ɣԼ̽
̫ԭΪ࣬hǰȥѯ׾죬˵ҵЩ
ƽŮʬˮжʱ´˶Ȼ֪ȥ̽ݡ
˵˵˰׺ΣδŮ׹֮أұغӶϣѰ˿
˶뷨һɷʴӣֻܸɰͰͱһ䣺ڰ߾Ժأұʩסǡ
˼䣬Էͷ¡
ʱ峤Уƽڷнȴⲽɫ
ߵĽæϲˮĪҪǳ⼸λǺȻǵȴŵĵӣһ£ƽǻ
ƽ˲ϸڰ־ܾ˲ˮһƨ£üŨ
ҵϣ⼸бµġǶǼֻҪ¶ˡ֮ǰʿһ飬Ų˺Ȼŵˡ
¶Ѵ˺ۼǾ޽·Ҳ鲻ġĸûݣҲҶ˵
֮Щ˶йĪ֮ܣԷ۹⿴ǣֻճ˹ȥĪҪ̫áѾǼ˹ǱʰϸȥͶ㡣

ɢƹඥѼ⡣
ҹĻ£һӰ͸ƬͶů⣬Թˡ
Ҷ죬ƺһЩƽ˹ϵıҪлȥӱ߶򣬾һЦ⴫
峤Ҫǰϲˡ
δƽæţСЪϢ߽ͥԺСǰˣЦӭȥ
ˣˣǳǹˣ
ĪЦЦݿδȻʦʦѾҵֻֻ֮ǳ֮ʱһٿɽ֮ɱʦǲ˴Էҡ
ƽ̴ϲά䣬ҪĪЦƫ˵ȴڰ֣һƨͥԺʯϡƽҲҶ˵Ҳʯϡ
ǰʱδϸڿ峤ʵݳޡ̨ͤ¥һ٣ס᷿ʮ䣬ͥԺһˮأɻïʢ
ĪЦĿɨͥԺԸпʱҿв޶ũɴи㣬˼ᾫԴ峤Ϊһغɻãר


82 
ƽЦǺΪ˵˱, ŵԭҲǰ֮ˡҼҷϲЩݲݣǷֲٳ֡Ҳ֪, ǰ׺Ӵ屾غӶЩϺï, ˶ũ̷, ׺ˮ, ҲԸ߻, һȥҲĸ㡣
ƾˮ˸ԣⱾһĻ⣬ĪЦȴһ׷ʸͣ
ˮķ, ˲·, Ȼ˽⡣׺ӴˮԶ, , ȥѯС񲻸а
ƽ, ͼոջƵһʯʯζˮ, 豭۵졣
󵨵, Ȼ˸㣬ЩдƷТҵȣĪǿǺȻţ
ĪЦһɤӺ, Ȼ, ֱƽ, εѣϥһڵϣϢŭСȻûдģȻúˣ
ĪЦһ̤ʯϣɫЦЦĻаɼҷǣǸƤ̬
ҺȻͳţӻգػｮСС׺Ӵ壬ǵңǼƷʲѵܴ򷢣㻹ʲôöﲻɱ㣬ҶҪÿ
ԷͻȻǿӲƽֲ亹ðָĪЦ㣬ͳţкգ׷𣿡
ĪЦҲֱöƽǣֱʹĺԺб˲鿴ЩյǹһӿͥԺѣһʱҳ֡
øԻİ׺Ӵ壬⼸˲ȽϢ೤ڼҺ֡˱£һ֮أռū
ĪЦжƽһֻ첲
ƽɫҰףæ˼ūʹļʣҲڲױ֮¡ӲĪЦЩǰ²⣬üͷ
Ұ˲ƸӦϧƽмַǣĪЦһʱƲרΪƽͣ峤ˡɼӵܣɽһ˲ףǿգⲻʡλʦʦ㶼б£ˣȴóη֣ҲΪ㣬ֻҪٳЩѪ±ɽҹ
ĪЦѭѭ֮£ƽɫԥƬ̺ҡͷˣΪƽйѹȫִҪΨҵϽ
һС׼ϼҲơ
һСŶȡ˲Ʊ鱦ʯϣڵأ޸ͣ
ˣִ֮޷ȫС׼գὫȫƲϡֻ˷ҹһСƽԴǿУ鼤ʵ˲̡
ĪЦǺҲûνͬģˣƶࡣ
ǰڷѾ͵ƽԡ鲻Ը档ƽеġ裬϶ǡϣ캦֮£ŵŮͶӣΪ
ԣһʼ̽Ա֮´£ʹ¶šû뵽ƽƺԸŵо飬һʱ޷ˡ
˼ӿĪЦĿͶ˵ϱƽСϡһתǰС檵°ͣĵȻûбҲǿ㡣ҿС檲Ҽɺã
ͳųӵܣ䲻ǸȻƽȴҲû㱰޳ܵˡν޲檣СΪ谮Ůˣƽˣȥ˯ֱȸ⻹ۡ
Ȼƽֻԥһ£һƿС檣˿ϴҰɽ㣬ȥɣ
С檻һû뵽ƽնٰ谮ķȻȥУһʱ죬ǰŮ֮ˡ
ĪЦҲû뵽˹ϣһ˿˼С檷俸߽С
Ϩп޺֮ϣ˺ѷΣᣬᡣƽ̻ͷȥڵʹޡ
ĸݵԼŮ˱̣ƽϰ檣бʹԸ
ֱп޺齺䶯֮ʱɲƽŭգؽҧ䣬ɱ֡
̫ԭ֫hѯ߼Ҿ죬ǲǰˣȫ˼˼Ҷˡһ֮࣬˴峤ҵˣҪǻȥƽ
æ峤ͥԺ֮У̧۱㿴ƽһӣ̱ڵ˿
֫hæǰ鿴ɫѿ˫ѣȷơ
ƽ֪һʹһ߿αΪ潣ǿռС檵¡̫ԭιһŵҩƽԹȥ˽̧ߡ
дӵ֮ܰ£ңҪȥɱݣ
֫hò£էƽԣߣὣ嵽᷿̫ԭæס»δʵҿݲǣǡ
̫ԭȰ֫hó嶯£ɻߣЩ顣
ͬȻ֪֮ǰĹɻ֮ȴԣ¥ݵĳ͡㣬ü١֮ȢԼɩΪɫ׶Ҫˡο˫֮ʱݵȷΪʧ̫ԭУݾ㲻ɫжҲǻ֣˴峤ҵС檣Ҳûпܡ
˼ˣ̫ԭɫƣβűһ䣺ǹġ
֫hñΪ̫ԭ˵ݲռӣ˭˵ľһ֮£۾ˣǳˣȻһУ
ұ̫ԭɫ࣬ԹҲˣ帾Ź֫hλСڱÿɰＵ𣬿²ôưոݡ˿Ҫ£š
ƽԸȣɫǻ裿Ǵ峤Сǰɫ㣬ܽԵȲ
̫ԭɳ֮ʣ֫hὣ˹ȥһ̤ţǰһĻֱ۽磬һס۾
̫ԭϵһһĬĬʿˮжݵľ֮ﵽ۷塣
ſڵϣɢһŮӣɫ죬£廨ı֣ſĽţŤ֫˫ĿĿ򴲱֮ˡǿȣܡ
ݣŴŮӣĿкЦֶ˰֮мӺۣΪĿ
̫ˣ
ſڶĪЦתͷȥЦݵʱӲϡ
ʱڼɹŮӵͼУӵȰҺһӰѸײڶ֮Ƴ䣬ң˲ӡǱ
ʦ㣬ҽͣ
ƺȻŮ޶һͨǱ仰֫hж죬ವһ´ڳţֱָĪЦš
ɱ.
ĪЦȲֻþ𺬹ֵǺһ죬𽣹֫hбնƺֺõ
Ŷòֱǿˣ
֫hľ֮࣬ʹϧȴŮ˼֮⣬Ϊ츳߾ȴ˼ʹˣպݿɳɾʹҲΪһ
ʦ㣬һԣ
֫hȥĪЦڵĶ࣬ϸϸ
֫hͷϣͣٴὣȥΪϾĪЦߡҲ˼ɡƲ׵ĽȥĪЦ޿ˣֻһͷԽͥԺˮ֮С
غɻζûӰ֫hйб˫ͨ죬ί㣬ǿ޳
ݣˣô
Ůƽһζһ¶ĺøУˣ˼̫ԭٸܵ֫hõС˼зûΪݿѡ֫hоһ³ڣΨڸϲš֫hõ츳պǰ;ܸ˹һ֮䣬򲻿ܡǴ˼Ҳһ¡
ˣҪ˼˽𣬵Ӧǲ֪֮ˡ϶ǵʲôˮѰȥλ
֫hѹҲøո̫嶯ֻһ뵽֮£һʱ۲Ĳתͷ˷䡣
̫ԭ̾ϢһԾˮС
ԭһۿͷĳȥֱж졣̫ԭ˲֪ãԾɲܿص׾ŷ֣У˴ޱ޼ʣûоͷ
ϰǺȻͳɷܶһǱΪߵһɵˣҲͬûз֮
·ʲôǵĸ֪


83 
ص, һĿյأԳһռ䣬׺·ľ֮ͬﲢۿɼ֮, ĪЦгǿ˲Ծ, úȻϣҲȻִܷ˵ء
վڿյ֮, ǰһʯŵɽǰԹ, ʲô, ܴʯšвŵȻڻ£¹ϵΣǺһ, ûг˼, ĪЦҲԸӡ
ʯ֮, , ص֮ˣǸħޡ
һγ, ĪЦҲδ뵽֮ܽǰõЩ²⡣
˼, е̧ͷȥ, һӰ΢֪һǷ
̫ԭէһ, ˮ, ͬʯš
ǣ
ĪЦЦһұбʴ峤С, гЧѾй˵лбСϧδʳ࣬ǱŶ룬׾ͺɱֻѡСԷ飬˴ж졣
̫ԭһ˼۾ԭյƽУѾˣ
ĪЦͷƽˣĻѰ˵ϵóЩʱ衣ʦֿɻǵã˵˵´󣬺ǰĦпмӣʶ±
̫ԭӦǡĪЦ˵ҲǵһšںȻУ֮ͬҲʶûõķˡߣԴְЩˣơҲôˣ򼸶ٷбȻ£ƥҲػᱻ߶ȥƽɫľó϶ðȻƽؿƿ˳ϡǷֱص̽Ѱۡûзκ쳣ԱΪɣթƽϧƽݼĺã˿¶ţұС°ߣ
һ˵ĪЦǽж˵̫ԭ˹ֻɫŹ֣֪α顣
ƽϵˣݵĵȷȷǣֶ֮˿ӵܣа֮թ°Сͬо̫ԭмֱ˼顣
ӵܣһ񣬸ݣĻĵɴȴȫûֿǣͳŵȶûСķȻȴЧʡ
̫ԭжЩֻ뵽ŮӽĲӣĿΪŹ֣һݼϷļӸСǰ㾰Ǹ˶ܲˣݶȻͽСáС檺ʮֿӣݷƸС檶飬˵ر֮ء
ֻһ꣬ݾܽ˻ΪãʵҲ
һԲ̫ԭΪ֪࣬мѡ⣬ԺҪҸѰҪо飬ӵ۹⣬Խ
ĪЦԣֻ̫ԭ۾ˣĳ岻ĹâƼꤵҰǡ
̫ԭɿһhЩƢɱϾǹңĪҪ⡣
ĪЦʶ˿Լϱòĵӷѻȴܷй֫hãԼŮӹ̴Ů˿ܵ֫hòͣҲֻ߾ȹ̫ԭϣܰԼһѡ
ʦֻǱԻ󣬺δ֮УáֻʦִΪ
̫ԭ˿̶ݵľϽˮ಻ֵ⣬Ȼ岻ݴǣظ֤ģ°ϡ
ĪЦ˿ֽʯŵ˵̫ԭ
ȻӦħɡѰ򲻿ţǻȥСѯʡ̫ԭ
ĪЦȴҡҡͷѾִ󣬿Щͻҵʦָ״ʱҰٿĪ磬ΨнʯŴ򿪣ȡΪ֤ݣܽΧ
ΣԼ֫hƻԭļƻ̫ԭΣǱʦһԡ
ԴȡһķֽǷƷɵʯ֮ϣɢѪâ̫ԭ߶ֽƺΪͷºˮ
˵˺þãĪЦҪסѯʵʱǼ᲻ƵʯžĻԼĪ˸ߵʱͻȻȻֹҪٴαպϡ
ĪЦۼֿ죬̫ԭѸٳһʯ֮С
¡
ʯŹرգ޹⣬ΨһŨҵѪ֮ǺֱŻ̫ԭóӣɽƬ̣ȼ˶ϵĻѡҰָɫޱ䡣
һռɽ߳ɿռһӴѪأƯʮӤʬ壬ŮȾѪۣѾݵĸףƺȥʱ
ȴѪأﻹŲӣѾˣֻ滹жһЩаĹ伮ƺȴΪаţҪѪͷƤ顣
ǰһĻʵ̫𺳣̫ԭŭɫȻ벻ƽʵеѪͷɥ֮£
ĪЦûлӦֻǾǰƯĺͯ
Ѫȵĳ׺󸹱Ůʬ峤һƬ᷿Ȼƴճһ˵ࡣ
ΣĪЦƽ׺Ӵµ󷨣ʱĽǰĦЩݬ룬ȫȻĺˡһλħޣ˴˵طˮĦ˴󣬷Σ³ص׶ߣа鴿ѪҪӤħԺô峤ܼҹŮΪиճӤ͵ħҲ²ĲеȺĸŮǲΪиŪʲô粨ܼ˿زŮ˳ȥϧ׷Ůֲ֪裬ͶԾ׺ӵ¡ǰԸǹڴ£ΪԼֻع飬ǵû˺ԹѳɶŮǵıӻԴˣŮʼЩ˱
̫ԭĿɿڴľ֮࣬ȻܼΪŮҪ˱Īǡ
ĪЦף׺Ӵдӻ˳ȷǵũ֮ءɴ˴ϡ٣׺ӱ洬ȣȴʳʲơǿʲô׬Ǯң׺Ӵ壬һ޹
̫ԭ޲þòڹٻңУΪ𾴵ʦ֣˽伲࣬˿ԣֱ飬ĳ
ȻǴˣϸ˼ЩԴ˸ԸԵӣټ֮ǰѪһĻѽⷬ˰˾ŷ֡
˴Ƿԩϲӻ벻ССһ׺Ӵ壬˼ħߣ˵󣡡
̫ԭ̾һζӡĪЦУҲҲ£ɨӣܸܵһҧгݣ˫Ŀͨĺ
ĪЦһͻȻ뵽޸ϵķ
Ϊ֮ƣȰЩӤ̳׺Ӵ״֮ڣٽʹƽԹ̫ԭ˵ţߵѪرߣȥӤ
̫ԭָӤ֮ʱɽͻȻӤߣֲЦǳ
̫ԭˣֻѪ֮УʮӤͻȻ۾¶}˲Ц
ǡʬ̫ԭϾĪЦ磬ʶҲЩһʱϳЩӤʵʩչһ߿ɱӤһ߶ĪЦʦܣǧСġЩʬ䷨ǿȴΪͣҿѪر󷨼ӳ֡
ЩӤѵһɲǣĪЦʮ־裬պ̫ԭս̫ԭԣЩνʬʮּӲһĺⶼ׶Ѫƺ޸ãһʬѪ֮УƬָܻ̾ƣ
ʬ΢ֻⲫС޿ײ룬һϾͶˡЩʬȴ޾ն룬Ѫܻĳ
ĪЦϸ亹һʱ֮Ҳ벻ʲôƾֵķ£Щʬ˵Ĺĥǡ̫ԭ⣬ĪЦ򲻸ҽʾˣֶβʩչš
ùƣ̫ԭĿбŷɫٴμǰŷֽ


84 
һ, ֽƺѪʢѪеѪҺӿз֮⡣
صʬ¶Ϊʹı, ȫѸոɿݣת۱ɸʬ, ʧȥжһڳг
ʬ, ǷַֽѪеѪҺ, ̫ԭĹΪ, ջطֽŻüѪ˿̱ڵءĪЦǰϢ, ƺһɼΪϤϢڴܶ

ĪЦ֮, ûסг
Ҳѹ𾪡, δͬˡο̫ԭٻ, ˻ͳУԼһӵǸʮɱħҲ, ദно֮磬Ȼʲôа֮ͽ
̫ԭڵ, û֮һ, вţϿ
Դˣ̫ԭҲ, ЦһҸһ˱ʿʿҸ׶, ԸԼ, һŷɷѪʳѪд˵˷ɣͨܣֻҪҲʹҸ׾ˣΪ֮ʿоֹΪаȻͲԸܡ˭ʿ˴ŭеңǿйע·ʹ÷Ȼȥ޲ֳֻԸʱ᲻ƫһЩԺҵȻףҸ׵ǸħޡµķҵȻԸԴʹȷʵĪ֮ͨϧЩ꣬ҳԹʧˡһֻҵӣֻҪ봫Уʦ𣬱ɽʦҡոҲ²ɽ֮Ǹħޣħ飬Ȼܴʯš
ȻŶӵ֮˵̬ȣʮֱӡȻ̫ԭˣһ˷ܵĪЦǸӡ
£̫ԭܣܽ˵ѾݻΪԼС
ĪЦ׵ʦַģ֪֪Ҿй¶֡
㣡̫ԭǿһɫ԰ֽæ̷һŵҩ޸ơ
ĪЦϵ˶ˣ˿̲޴󰭣ֻϿΪǱɨɽһǽڣһ󣬴һأǽ𶯣ƿ澹һ䰵ҡ
̫ԭˣĪЦûо߽ҡ
ռСֻһŴӣһ򣬼ʬһЩĵúбʼǡӵ䣬ɢɢİڷĪЦûпֱսУ룬óһУʩʩȻӰ߳
ҩ̫֮ԭķѰʱڻָΪһŪһѪɫС
̫ԭչȥһһһߴЦĹСѪ⣬һħ֮
˿ԶİңĿ¶Ȼ֮ɫС˵ıˡ
ĪЦװѵӣֱһСݸ˴Ӧħ֮أֻܿƽȻšִ뿪֮ʱ̫౦ʶ©ЩƽϵҲӦǴ˴á
̫ԭ⿴˿򣬶ĶȤҪ˵ʯź¡죬ɽƺҪǴ̮
ʱһӰֳ˫Ŷ룬ϴŲЦֱӳĪЦ彫
øŹ.ҳƽվҪŻ
˵ǳ٣ʱ죬ĪЦ̧ͷȥʱһԾŶǰХ
ĪЦֵ̧ɽԾɵɶȥݺݺǽ֮ϣҳ䡣
Ϣδƽ˫ӰٴϮ˫ǻ𻨡ҪĪЦԴ˫ƫĶӹ
ĪЦð亹ܳüԶ
ƽһ˫Ŷ˫һֱЦеС۾ûЦ⣬̫ԭôҪ̻ѹˣŻѵ𣿡
̫ԭԳƽ޾ɫʦֲԵɾҪɱŵӣһݲдֵοʦ֣ŵкΥ֮ҲӦʵ̷϶ᣬʦΪʵԽ
˵Ķԡƽδ˵㴫һʵ˶ϵˮգЦ߹Ȱ㣬Ҫ嶯£ƫƫܵô졣δһ֮ʣ
죬ƽ¶ɵ֮⡣㣬ص˱ķУٶϣ䲻ѹҵӣҲȷж֮ն࣬йҲܽϳͣû뵽˿졣
֪ɲ⣬վһߣսδʤ㣬ƽɱ⣬Ҳˣѹˣ..޶ȣˣҪ
ɫ䣬Ƶ֪ĬܣôȲʧӷ緶ƾһ鷲˿ӵܡ֮£ʹգйҲֲܡ
㣡ƽɫŭȴǲ׳֡
ĪЦ˶ԻƽΪζٰѣа裬ͬʱԳµ֪
й֣ʵףǱ濴ȥǰ硣֮䣬ж˵İҲǸ˼֮
ĪЦһлʦ죬ΪΪ˵׺Ӵࡣ
̫ԭæǰԭί˵ǳǳƽⶼ⡣⻰٣ɽѪӤʬɼһߡ
ˣҳħ߹ҳ֣ɥпͲ֮ƣģұ೤ϣħ޹鰸
һӣЩƯѪеӤ㱻ߡ
ˣƽ֪޳ֻᣬݺݵĪЦһۣ뼸һͬ뿪
ڣ֫hǿ޿С檣ݵΪѹϸ˵ļΪϸɷ£˼ֱ޲磬񹲷ߣΪ̬
ֱδµ֫h࣬ȿһ֪ʶδСƺʹ޷ǳһֿʼੲݽ
֫hòţֿС˴ѣȥжݸΪʧҲ˼С
ϸС檣޵滨꣬ɽǣӡȲʮ֮һȴҲз顣֫ϸӯӯһգڱ£ܿǰͦΰȻαԲ
ͷԼδõģаգ뵽ոճʱǿƨİӡ
֫h֮ŮΧһЩõӡҲʤţˣľͷ׮һû˿뷨ΪŶ࿴Сһ飬ŹأȲ֮졣
ƾʲôƾʲô֫hòһҰ
Ϊظƨ˼⣬ΪҲʩ첻ޣ
뷨һð֫hñ㾪һ亹յͨ졣
뷨
ܿ죬֫hñ嶼ụ̀һѻգ֫࣬ͷĿѣ
֫húʼü٣˺˵ĴբзִٵץŴ塣
Ժл໭棬ͣŰ̺۵ϡУһѵ뷨
룬ҪҲ¡
ԣô룡֫hþԱߵС檷ߵӣôˣ
֫hӲ̫ѣ˻Դ˵ҺΡ
С檼ʱ죬΢ЦŽŵڴϣﻹа̬֮
ˣЪϢūš
ǰС檵ҡҡλΣ֫hþ޶Ҳ˲ԣȡ˫ʹսֶ΢΢
ĿƮ䣬ȼ˴Ļҡҷ䣬âͨĺ֮ɫ޵ķɫ
ˣǼλʦߺСºڣĻǻ⣡


85 
Ծ, ɨͥԺִ˴һˡ
ô£̫ԭĹˣȻܸյ, ĻаӰ
ƽ⵹ǵȻߵǷ˳, ƽǴżҾ·кϡ棿
ʦʿ, ƽǱ, סҲµû, ƽжħµıʦʱҲΣաĪЦ侲Ҳмֽǡ֫hö˵ʮҪʧʱûо峤ʿ, ˵Ҷӵܶ, , ϵ¶, ֫hΪҪЮ
˵ͷжƽȥ֪ͨһ, Ѱ֫h䡣
ĪЦûȥѰ֫hãŴСѰ˸˵Ƨ֮ؾȺƬ̺, ͻȻооϮ, һ޴ø첲ʹһȴȥĳƽ⡣
뼸˷ֱ, ĪЦͶ϶ƽһɱ, û뵽ô, Ǹûȥӱһɣֻ뽫ɱ
ʦǺ⣿ұϾʦͬţ˴漰ħңʱ֪ͨʦ֣룡
ɱ㣬ȥ֪ͨʦҲüʲôŴ壬ʲôʦѣڳƽУܵǵһλҪݲѳСſԿնɱӣȥһɣӰ֡
Ұ׺ӴħңøƽᡣԽݵ߸ħޣһɾ޶֤
ҵܵܳĬ壬ţдǰ;Ϊ㣬ò³ݣҲɱ㣬ݣֻһˣҿ˭ܻ㣡
ɨܱߣȷ˴ˣĪЦһЦ˭˵ֻһˣ
δ䣬ͼչһâƽǰʱһֻǱ˫۳
էһ֣ǻƺĴŭСɱ㣡
ƽⱻȣ⡣һıȴ޴ϵǿҲ޵ӣƽޣƵߣ֮˼
ֻΪٻޣǴᵽʲô
ƽδףʧķƵĴһ£·ʲôޣֱҪڴˡ
ƽ󾪣̻Ŷֵ
໳ӼĪЦӺԹ죬һųڷǰ֮˭û壬ʮΪ˹ȥ
һ̺֮໳ŭΪɽ֣ܺǳƽһҵֵܹ
Ŷֱӱı⣬ƽ˱Ľ֮УͷѪ˫۱ͻϣѪҺԽɳȥԶ
һУǳƽʦδʬ嶼ҳ
ɱƽ󣬳໳˼ǣǰ֮˲С΢΢һ£漴ƿڴ޳Сңүҵ㣬ؽƤʬֻض벻ã
йһ󣬳໳ӷɽ紫ͳ£ƽѹθɾѰСȥҲ
˵ĪЦų໳Ժ̽ŵĨͿСǱأʱʱųЩϢ໳׷
ⷬΪ¶ƣ̲סʵʲô
һֱԱ¹ڻºһο˵ĪЦ֪Ѿ˼Ҳ¶Цݣ׺Ӵһ¹ħޣ֫h䲻½ƾǼ˲ƽ棬ؼʱ̿Լҵֵһ
ĪЦ˵ĺ֪ԣ̾ף໳ӵڻҡһѰĶ౦һŹ£Ůãʱʱܱ²ǳ鴤жڱɵ֪һΡ
㲻³໳Ȼŵ˵ͼ֮£
һɲ֪׺ӴĻƱڰ׺ӱߵֻΪҲӦԲдӻʱƽ͸ƽԹһɿ֮ǣʱǽΪ¼ȨΨзų໳ӷһ
̬ѳϣ¹̫ԭ֫hãһִ֮֮䣬ĪЦҲûȫ֮ߣΨһһ
ĻƺΪǳڱΣйǺ֮
׺ӱХƿмҴ쳹
ӰƾնתŵΣһɣȾѪֽ֮΢΢˿ڴ˿˿ƵĹ
δ˻֮ϡ׺Ӵ壬һ
һĿһóѰȴ̺ԹǱţʧȥǣ񷢷衣
׺Ӵ񣬶ѰգǾԹϴѱʲôǵ
뿪ҡ
ѣһɶð亹ķᣬ׳ϸóʮϡеĵɾΪʹͣʧŲ֣ǴǰŬǰվ飬ֲκν
һͣƿж꣬ò׵ɾıԴֻҪһΣл͵пͻƿ
ֻ˵ûй涨ҪЩ˵һַָʵͻЩˣڳ֣ǲǻл
һ˫Ŀ죬֣˽
һ⻪ݣһɼʮΪĺһһƥ磬ҹŻʡ
ǧһѰԼһƷʲߵĽȴĶһ˿ԡͨһһִеģһǰ
Ȼһ̣ȴ֮һ֮ҲЩ޷ֵһȷʵݺݵش󷨱ӻվǹܸİʵޡֻһ˿΢ɲǵԽҲ
˻أɢ˫Ŀ֮¶ŭŰ׺ӴԽԽĺȫƣάת
׺ӴеɱʹԶԶĴ˰ߡһɸĲ
ʱ츳ãƾڷܿ̿࣬һ·ʱԼ緢һдնħǴʲôʱʼĵıˣĽֻΪնѪ嶯ˣҲû񲻿ɵ
֪˽ǰѡ˺ߡ
бһ죬ǱԼɳıѣɢһء
һ³һѪҡμ䣬ֻѺХ

һɲЦһƴȴһԶԹֲĶյ˱䡣ϲк֮£ȴǷ֮׺ӴӼ߰ߣҲǱȻҺȻŵΪɱ޹ǰ׺Ӵк𣡡
ֻĹͻȻסһɵ֣ϵתŨ˫˫Ŀз֮ɫ
˫צĪЦһѽһɻ
ĪЦĿ棬һҺȻӵΪԩħ֣֮ƽδǿԸͬУ
ʦܣǣһ𵴣һʱԡǱ׺ӴΪݿУܺߣǰ׺Ӵ˲֮ˣ
ĪЦ֪һɻ󣬵ûʱ̫࣬ɲѵǲ뱨𣿣
ԹԹǶԱִ裬˿𣬵׹֣˻
ĪЦٲԣһɣ۶ȥ棬ԶƺҪȥѰƽ䡣
һĻһɻȻʣݵ˲˰׺Ӵ࣬˰׺Ӵ˵ŰĻԹ׹УΪҲΪĴӻֻ
˼䣬ǰͻȻһǱĴ󣬻ɭɭ¶֮ɫЦצ
ȻʵڹңϵƲ۶һһģԵĺ붼žһţһѪۣζ֮ǿޣ
Ϊΰ׺Ӵڣȸ߽ޣһɴʧɫ񣬼ʶĶ࣬жϳˣɶǰޣ
ĪЦۼֿ죬һɶ㵽һԣŶð˺顣̫ʱһ¶ȻסʱƱؾҪһڣ൱鷳
Ϊ˱ĽĪЦȵʦ֣ȥѰʦ㣬
˺ֱͦһ񲻿ɵһһʱ㱣ӴϣٵԼ
ҲʱĻ壬緢
Ҳʱηգͬţε
һͷ֪ݶôһޣʮţˣ֮ǰɼϹۣ
ʦܣ
ߣʦ㻹ƽУսްʦֱʦ㣡ĪЦһ֮ɫ˿๡һɿɫһʱ֮ࡣ뵽֫hʱʱ꿴ݲϧҲҪиԼ֫hõꡭ
ԭ㣡
ȴе
һ˫Ŀط죬ص˵ͷһͬ뿪


86 
໳ӵĿԭҲС, ˷Уһɺֻ뿪ûһ, Сǰ໳ӳ, ôԼһ֮䣬ڶ֡
бǰ, һʱü, ЦС, ƶˣҹ֮䣬һΣүܣ
ĪЦæǰγ, ҹսػ, ǹ, αغɱ˺
ޣ໳³һճ̵, ָĪЦƿڴί²죺˭й, үǲݵĳˣɫҲҪڵүУ
ĪЦһָ󣬵ǰ֪Ǻ
໳ָȥ, ֮ĵֱ, ֮䣬֮УĪɢһ˸Ĵ
໳һżС, Ȼܵ˵ѰϢ, Ҳû⡣˿̼, ǰһɿڵʲô󷨣
ĪЦΪ֮ǰһλһ𻯺µش󡣿ɱһˮӻգ󷨡ǰǰڹУʹ󷨣֪һλϰ󷨵šԼⷽ󣬱㽫ǰٻĦԱǰ֮
˵ԴǳϿңУ໳ӱӿӺΣĻǴڲ飬а֮ǳ໳Ӷľ
ĪЦƲ⣬໳ױżΪ׵츳౦һδʱĶ࣬ҲһЩǿ󷨲ƪʱ໳ӱ֮ܣԭһЩϹķ󣬵ڹʩչ󷨣໳Ӹɱֽӹܡɼһߡ
νϲƽʱԼ󷨣໳ӶܴôҲҪúùĦѧϰһǰСƶˣа滰ָʲôˮ
ɱ㣬ԿȥĦ
ʱ䣬໳¶ġС֮Ҳ֮
ĪЦȴҡͷǳ׿Ѿ˽취ǰͬнӵףΣգԽҶ㿴Σ
໳ӸҪĪЦ֣Ȼһ٣תһĵС˵١ˣµҲδ١󷨣ۿˮ²ΡƱҪȥĦܲС̽·Ҳʡȴ鷳кδ㣬ӵóԼģ
ţ໳Ӱɱ⣬·
ʱһһѳںˮСԽ룬໳ԽǸоľϵĹܵĳǣҪϾޣȻȫʢʱڣѹƹйͬʱиǾɲ
С˵ӵԲ飬үʵʵ׶ִء
໳֮ɫͲ󣬴ʱǶ϶ĪЦԷ飬һ·治Ҷɱġ
нã໳ڹѹסļ󣬱ӵһռ䡣һУˮ¶һռ
ĵڴ˹âʢԱڡ
ĪЦŲԶɹʬ壬в˼֡´ʬ壬ڱڰʬꡣ겻ֻҹǰ׺Ӵ屨
ҲںȻŵ伮пΪߵĹɻʬ١˸򽵵ΪֱӻɢǿƹõֶΡʱһԶڶ֣ǳȥʱ
ֻһ뷨
ĪЦֻǸСˣǺԡͬΪŮӣܸͬǼλŮӺ޶顣׺Ӵ֣ؽû쳾ǿԣһΣƽԹ
໳ţԴ˵ŽԵȰһӵף㱻ޣһ֮ɫѾĪЦĴڡ
ĪЦôţҲΪ˹ã໳ϵĳתΪʹ࣬ʲôתͷĪЦСΪβӰ죿
ĪЦҡͷǲӰ죬ֻΪǳӰ첻󡣴˴ƺʮ⣬ĦѧϰҪѹ
ԵҲ͵ͨ໳תתͻȻһץĪЦЦɭȻȻүѾˣǱ㲻ã
ĪЦԤϣæܣкһӶ£Ȼк̺ȫΪһȻɱ໳ӣ̶̾룬ȴԶܵġ
Դˣ໳ֻһЦתҪ֮Ȼһ˹͸оǴܶͣĹͻȻƿأֱӶ
ɲǼ䣬һɾ޴ó໳ӺȻصѹϣ㱼ǳ£ǾˣҲܲѹһ˲
໳ӿѪȻأƱѹɽµʥ
ʱĪЦһ£ԣƵҫĿֱڳ໳Դ֮ϣʱѪĽ
ԴˮĬĬתȻйԴ󲢷ǰųǳ໳ͬޣ֮ǰǰ㴹ѣҲһλ֮ͽ໳ѹƳ໳ӣ볹׽
˵໳ӴӦĪЦ֮ʱȦס
ֻĪЦû뵽ֻѳ֮ȫʩΪһԲܽ໳Դ飬ش֪ʵ΢ס໳ֻʱ̷뿪׺ӡ
һͳ໳ޱȵĽ޳Сҳ໳Ӵٲ㣡
⣬ʱ໳Ӵӵһɣ޳⡣
˻ԴѽѽҽУжСķŭһȫ¸߶ȡҪȥ׷һɨ䣬ͻȻվ壬˼۾
ԭԱߵĹϣԭͺͺĵطͻȻһִδ֡
໳̸ִ֣ܵһǿϢϢϧʲôȴ˵
໳Ӷֿã۾𽥿ʼ룬һͷϵѪˮ϶һ¡
θ֡
ԭˣԭˣ໳ӲЦҲԸıǮЩ¶ûһʱƵ֣ڳ໳УͬСһ򵥡
˫Ҳ໳óƪֱƮغһ
̫Ϣֵһɲǣ໳Ӽݺᣬһ౦Ź£ӵǿ츳ĶܵһСƣһѱһ֮áҵµط۷磬ǿ𣬽Сң
ΰԸ໳ӽ̫Ϣ֮УȻҡ
дּ䣬һжʮ񱼡һɽҪײɽţЩȴûаͣ˫۳ʲôħϣһͷײɽ
һϵ΢ʮ˳ͨʧ
֮һ䲻۵éݷԺУ󺺣ʮʵʵŮӣλŮӸ¡ƺС
֪Ѿ¶˶һľ֮ɫƽҲýͣػ
󺺷׷ҡͷƽɫ԰׼֣תͷߵС檵㻹ܶöã
С檹˳һʱ䡣ѸϽѾͷӲġ
ƽŵϻԲѵ֫hã˿תͷС檣¶֮ɫ㡣ոƣʵΣίˡ
С檵ҲƽһſؿڣεεΪǣĸ
Σͷ˶ұѣΨСԸѣƽΪ֮ݡ
ģ˵أҾһֽ͸Ӵרһһˣ檣ɺʿֻ̫ҪѰذϴˢ裡
ٳдЦ𣺡۷Ҳǰ׳󣡡
ǰһѡһĿ
ǰһĻЦȫޣһ˫ŭøķˣɥ֮£ѣӦˬ


87 
ѴԾʹ, ƽƾ̧˫֣ߴ󺺵ļ⵶ȵŵ̫ұ, ȴơˣЩŮ˺ͬŶҪᣡ
ƽ, ֫hã
ȻʿſɽЩ, ȴܲ˼֫hõȾ, ûܶסƽķ, ޷֤֫hò˺
֪Щʲô°ŵӣһȡ֣ʵʵɴᴦ
ƽЦ, һɱͷ˵ĺ, ˭֪᲻㲻, 뿪
ŹЩ˵Ȼ, ó˵ЩٵĻֲݡһȽ, ŭĿĿɱƽѱǧС
ʱ, Ӱƿն, ̫ԭһɡڰ;һͬ˳ųµĺۼ׷鵽ˡȻɭȻɲĹӰ
¹̫ԭһ·սľ˵أû, ˿̼֫hڵϱв, ŭǹ˿־, ȵȰң
ңʲôҵģӰƽҲǰţӣΡΡӵܣһ۸ڶһȺֻܿ͵ķͰڹǰǻϽΪʱ
һɿĿѡ֮УžˣȴǸƱ磬رˣ˿̼֫h㣬д󼱣ѿڶ֪ΪΪҲɱɥ֮־ܣȫʬ
һ̫ԭͳͬʱɫ䡣Щ֮ͽ֪·ţŸҽӵܲһ·һɴǽ·ƽѱɱ˺Ʊ
Ȼƽ¶ɫһɣҲù
Ҫն֫h׼ֻһ죬ƽ˫ֶסͷȥദһֻ˳ֻ֣ΣϤļϣѪҺһģԼࡣ
ƽ˼תͷС檽Ӳˮʹ࣬ȴϼЭЦ
Ѿûˡ
һ౬ѣƽ¡һĻ̫죬˶ûӦԭء
ǰһСѾϻԵ֫hãԾӶȥ
Ůܣһɵ۽׷ᡣ
̫ԭΪûһɸߣ֪׷֮ϣ㽫Ŀǰϡȥƽһצɢܵùֻһʱ˺ҧƤ֮ڶ
Ĳ̣ȥ̫ԭǴδѪȳ棬ĳ
ͻȻһֻס°ڣͷȥǰӶ˺飬ʧȥƽ
ǻعⷵգƲʾȥƽþһ˿˵ĸ֣̫ɽС
˵꣬ƽϢ
һ̾ΪΪƽѷȻħδո˵̫ɽУħܾ֮ء˵֣ѷǼҵܹԣӦ֪ͨš
˵գóһСëʣƾдһ֡ɣǼֱ㻯ȥһƾմѶķ
̫ԭ棬ʵʦ֣ݺͳʦ֣
ҡҡͷ̫ԭɫ䡣ǳƽгǺ䵥ܿΪոһȥ֫hãǺݡ
ҲǴˣһӾ뵽̫ԭ˼ȥѰ䡣
ĪЦ첽׺Ӵ壬ΰ׺Ӵ޺һƬɫġ
ǰ׺ӣ𺣣ĵųĹӵлѡ
ҹķƺ󣬻ӳ֣תûⷽԣĴ䡣ƾ۶ɢʱҫȴʼղ꽵٣·үڴĹꡣ
ĪЦڷУ޺ϡŶŰ׺ӰݡʱӰǰ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ǰָԭò
λƽƽŮӣŴֲ£ʩ죬߸¡𣬻ǰװ硣
ĪЦУͶĿ⣬΢΢ף鳾ǼȻԸˣǴѱһѻ˰׺Ӵ壬˺ǵ࣬Ρȥ
ŮǳһݣŻصҵ˹ˣ̥Ϊ裬ͶԾֱ󣬵гˡѿƺ쳾ºԸֻأԸΪ黤£Ͳˡɷ֪ҵԸΪ
ĪЦɫȻδ˺¡ƽԹ裬ǳڱģ¿ͼԴ޸СĹϵ
Ů˻Ϊػߣǵһ¡ƽȻܾȻʱ˿̣ĪЦޱϲ͸翻ӰµشҲǴУܵƸ֮⡣
ΣΣհɣ鱧־ĳġѲڣֺγһʽ
Ȼо壬һ˵
κ΢΢һЦ˷ȥعұߣ£ˣжݣֻټ֮ʱλҲгɣشʱģ
ŮٰݣĿ⶯ݡ
Ѱ֮ˣѱһʬ֮Ů°ȥ̫ɽУҵȲ뿪˵أ
ʬĪЦ뵽ɽѪеӤʬȴŵδڴ峤ۡзʲôʬ
֪룬Ů˵֪Ѱʬ꣬Ҵ˵صħޣȴԻʬƽСͱע꣬ΪʬʶûййƽտһˣֻҪħһɲʬΪצϧħ޷ǿҵдӻɲֱֺգŴƽе֪ħ䡣ħоӣȴδȷ񡣰׺ӴΪΪħۣͬ˼ˣҵԹҲȰҪװ
˵գŮУʧ
ĪЦüͷ壬þԡΪƾһɵ˵Ϊ֫hô´ࡣû뵽ȱʡڷаٰС檣û쳣ȴڹؼʱ̽֫h°ߣ˵ħͶ֫h졣ԭΪΣδ֪
°ǰ·ֻһǻعţȴԮ֫hñϾոսңŲܻѴԮһոҵСӡľȳҲ֪Ǻ£ǹǰ̫ɽѰŮԣħ޷ǿһ֮ƥС֫hãܿħ޽֣ʱδʤ㡣
˼ãĪЦǷ˻عš
񣬱Ҫܿ׷֫hʧ٣Ҳøⶺɡ
˼ˣĪЦ£ǰ֪̫ɽǺεأ
أУ룬˽µƴ̫ɽճΪɽΪУһɢǾۼļСפʿǿаʶۺУлɽС̫ɽйģ󣬻Ʒ࣬ħŵͳʿҲгû
ĪЦ׺Ӵһбкãµ֮ǰ䡣
Ϊһӵܣµķ󣬾˰׺ӴȺʮ֮ܲŭֻбˣԳϴˢȳ衣Ů֪˼άƽԩһѻ˰׺Ӵ塣г֮࣬Ҳ޳֮ͽ˼ָм䲻ԣҲ֪ôδûй˼Լ뷨ò¶Ŀ࿴һֵһʶĸо
ʻ»شĳġ
ڷʱҲ̫ɽʵ׵߰أԳһɣһеšӣʿϢһˣȵ컹ѡв֪ħ´вô˳
ĪЦԤϣѱѡ񡣺Ȼŷ粨ӿĴУ֮¸ں֫hǷȥܱܷͷ
Լ̫ԭͳϢĪЦ΢΢üֻ̫ɽһѳɶ֡޷޺֮£˿Ȼɡʱ򷴶ͽ¶ˡ
ĪЦһʩչԶݡ
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88 
Զɽ, ɾ
һصڳɽУü˵Ρ
Ѿˣ㵽ҵ·ûУ
ȻװĪЦ, ԰׺Ӵһ·糾͸̫ɽֱǲ׵ĺ꾫Ӻ, תתգ˵Ѱ֫hõټ, ̫ɽеӰӶû
ʵڴ򲻹, ĪЦҪԲ, һйͷ
´ðͷСצצڶϣһģ૵ûдϴ, ·, ̫, ҼЩģҲпԭ
ÿᵽ, ĪЦܸо꾫еζԴûκ̽뷨˿з, Ըԡ
ɽˮĪЦ˸ߵӲݣϴ˰ˮ, , ĺ˼ڣһƨڵϣϢ
ɽ, ȴ̹ǡŷ, ҲĪЦΣ, ֪С
̫ɽУ棬䲻ȻţȴҲѵõķ伫ƷһĪЦȴδͣͣٶȣֻʮվͿɴﵽѳԲ
еĪЦȻһͷȻֹĪЦժͷ֮һһŮӵĶǶǶˣ֬㣬Ůӵ㡣һڵŮӣ̬ģƣԾȻϡ
ĪЦ˿߸߹ͷӲݣֿ˿еĶǶʱЦáɽߣҰ֮һ·۳Է˯תʱûиոУû߱仯ŮûĴڣϴ裬Ǻİ·ӵͷϡ
ʱһɽĪЦۼֿһץסһ֮±Ӳûᡣ
һ㡣סֻᱻһʱԿ
ȴδΧˡɢɢһЩŮӵһ·£Ʈ¡
ĪЦɫŹֵһ𣬷ƺΪѰ
źˮϣĪЦ˴ССÿһȺȻɷҪֻ࣬мΪι̵Ľƣһʱ򲻿
ŵ£ûҵ·˵ټĪЦҲȥᣬֻһЩʹһͬУȻȥ
էԡ
ɽ͵Уһ۵Ŀջı©磬ﶥôһŤŤδ顰̫пջ
ưܲĿջȴǳΪʱɫڴЪšջϡȱ˶ϯضԹԵĿŸ
Щб˫׳ĽçĹӣҲɷǣüĿϵ̫ɽشƫƧɽе·᫣ʹ·һʧϰ˾Ҳδߵó̫пջǷԲΨһĿջ
ֻ˵֮ˣѰˣͨߡ
ֻһڲĵСһ˫ۡһ߿źܲһĵдˡ˵ģȴҲж磬ʮչ˵㵽ֻϺޱ飬һͷӡ
δһλ󺺷糾Ͷ⻹մų¶һջ㳶ɤӴ󺰵үһվƣţ⣡
СƤһ̧ȥվţûС
һ㶣ŭĿԲ߾ûԺȣʲô꣬ϰźү
һɤӺĵС㣬Զ࿴һç򣬶⿴ֵ˶һ̿ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ǴһãȻע⵽ջضˣ˶һȻԵõģһҲûΪûطŭиǺɣԹƢҲѧΧϥԵСʲôԵģ㣬һҹ·Ӷûš
СҲһ˳һˣһ׷
ݣʯӷ͹á
󺺵ͷһɲ㳴˵ݣһ뼸ʯӣû׵ķ
ȻŭһĴóһݵİٽֵǵСͷ¡
Сɫģ˫һţ˾ʹܳ׸ߣ֮ʱڴ֮ϡֻһڣɽֱͣӽ߷롣ϣһ˫Ьӡɼ
˺ôЦ
Ծ澡ʧŭЦʲôЦ
һλӢĹʵڿȥǸӣǵһﻹǳԷģ
󺺼˴̫ɽ̫ܽ룬ɽ·˵أЩʳˮôˣ
ǹҡͷһЦ㵹ǺøҵȿѰ˲·֪˴ɵ̫⺩ײ˴˵أ֪顣
󺺻ȻҲ˲ʵզõ̫
̫ɽܹôÿõ̫ʿûһҲаǧԵԵߵáɢޣֻѰʥʹͨ飬ܻȡ˵θµʥʹ̫ʥʥʹУΪòġС֮㲻ܻ̫һʥʹݣҲǼõġ¶˶ı顣
ˣҲĻ˲Сۡ
ʥʹ츳׿ǽ𵤴ܣһΪɲ⣬վ˴֣ɽһˡ
һ˵ʥʹ࣬Ժã콾׷á˸¹̩ɽǰɫ䣬нü֮硣
ֹˣһ֪λʥʹΪѩλˣʥûкɫѡεѶֻ̫ô׵õ
ʲô̫Ҵ˷ǰΪѩʥʹܼˣұƽ


̸Ůˣһ޶²ϲ˵û꣬ǽɹһߡǴҲʲôµĽɫܿ²ĸ̽ˡ
СŶ̧ͷ죬üͷ΢΢
ʱ䣬ʥʹѵγٳû
˵ǵʥʹˣ˿վںˮ֮Уſһİߣɪɪ
ʲô̩ɽǰɫȣʲôü֮磬ʲô֣ɽһ˵䣬˫Ŀ籡ŭУΪҽ
ֻˮй߳Уƽղû˴޺Уʿ룬Ȼ֮ܵһʱ
˿ԱܿʶȻ͵·ʹϢ뿪
˭
һŭɽ֣ȸɣޱá
磡ĪЦĪĴ˸磬ӣое䡣ܿ죬עǰʮɫСɽϡ
Ӱ߼񵽵ɲ³֣һһ򿪡룬һγ׵ķա
ԴȻźһƶϴĪЦһᵽ˶Ȼĸо
ƷʮƷʮƷƷҩʮţƷҩʮšŲջһһжŷĪʡ
ЩУзҩһЩ伮ᣬν廨ţһ㡣ڻһЩԹŮ黰ЩɫĴ.ٽͼճȣ۶ûһ
ջ񣬱¶һ£ɫŹֵĪǴһʿ
ʿںȻеͬ뾳ӣǱΪߵˡĪЦͷӿ𲻺õĸоѾ֣ͻȥĵ
ο̫ɽһУ޳һƶϴʱЩֱϵڱ֧öȣ࣬ȡһЩҪĶ
ĪЦЩűװͬĴУֵЩʱָһ١
ʲô
ĪЦаŪƣдš̫С֡


89 
һ, ͻȻеˡʱȷʵҲơӦǽ̫ɽеĹؼ
ĪЦɽϹ춼ûֶ, ⱲӶҲ̫ɽС
ƫƫһ֮ʱǸ֮, ޳Ȼλ˱, ôȥȻ, ƫƫ
ز¸, ૵ΪЩͨûϢָ¶šǧǰѾǺȻ뾳ӣ츳, ˵Ѿǳϼ, Ҳδ֪
һ˵ĪЦĿڷ, һѱĺ鵴Ȼ޴档ĪЦǸ̥
ֻƾʲôƨһ˿Ϣ, ¾ͽվʼĹѨ, ж˸
鲻ˬȻҲ˺ùߵô˵, ദ֮ʱ, ǧǰôȥˣ˵˼ͽ, ǡ
, ŭĿӣ֪ʲôˣľ, ػ̹ȣ֮ݡ˴Īʣ
ǻͶࡣĪЦ𣬽ϲ֮һ봢УٲǸպꡣ
˵ҹϡ̫С֣¹䣬ֳӨӨĪЦ˼Ʒ¹¡һʱּϵĹ⻪ӯ˼㣬һƹâƮɢָһ
ĪЦ̶һͱڡ֮ףǹâԷӶ£ʧ
ʱǰáտҲĲãɽȻһΰ׳Ĺųǡǳܱ߲һߡǽǸƣվڽ£һԲλСС
ųһ֣Χ㲻ɽһ鲼ǳĶռ䡣
ĪЦ棬ߵųǴŴſĿ΢΢̧̧Ƥе̫عĿ
ǿŵΪɲ⣬ĪЦʵ˺޷ӦŲ߽С
һУĪЦŸּܵеĸоԣǰ̯ߺȵ̷ƷĿЩвֵĶȥһ԰Ÿʽ̣ʿּۻ۵
ųһΡĹǴ֣ʹⲻˣмֺȻķ緶ֻģΪߣųǾȵĻֳƬ򡣽һƬĪЦʱ
˴ν̫ɽУһΪѰ֫hãΪڴ˱ܻųս׼ûмȥѰ֮
ʱʱȥʿȣĪЦûззֻͽн˲֪ãҵһƷнĵط
˴ΪׯլӡרŸ޷ݵˡĽ˵£ĪЦҲ̫ɽйطݵ⡣
̫ɽпƹʵÿһլԺףҲҪʮ̳ܹáǶסݱŨ̶ȣҲ廨šνֲ̳ͬѰĽǴ˴ӲͨңͨﻻɵáĪЦһ·Щ̼ҵıҲ̳Ļֵ
ԬķȫңΪĺ⣬ֵǧ̳
֣ͳţȻźҩţƵšҩŵĴڣ̫ɽеĵҩ۸Ҫȷ͵öࡣĪЦһЩҪķѴ׵ܵõĵҩڴ˴ȴֻ輸ʮ̳ںȻ洦ɼʽͶ˷ﷴĸߡ
ĪЦҲǳ̸֮ãΪģ֪̫ɽе¡
˴̫ʥأʥΪɲ⣬λʵҲѴﵽ벽յˮƽһңֻҪ̫ױܵʥ˽֮£̫ܵɽ׷𣬱˫ƽʥͻרУֻڴ֮ʱɽƽմģλʥʹÿ˸һƬȨ
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̽ϢǰѩʥʹƹܵĶ̫ɽϢѩֻ̳ࡣǹӲ㣬ȥ¥̽һ
ҲóֻΪǵһ̫ɽУֻɬʶд˽顣
ĪЦһЦ֪͵˼ȴҲ⣬»عլԺ֮ϣլԺ˰޵ݱкβ֮ͬ
˵ϱУ»飺֪޵ݱһʱƣչǱﱾУΪޣһľֻޡÿլԺ󷨣ԴԴϼȡ̫ɽ棬ѷͳŵϡһӵլԺ̫ɽ֮ˣ˺ڴ˰̯꣬ıְλ
ĪЦ¡̫ɽʱѸо˵棬լԺо鷨ֻŨ̶ҪںȻŵСҪǿڹ̳Ĵ˵Ҳжʮ򡣵Ǯ̫ɽйΪ
ڽǣûг֣ȥв̽Ϣ
ſڣһλŮĪЦһۡѰʱˣֻλŮӵװʵĲ壬˴ԼͣƫƫһζŨصӺɿ壬ģϲ˲֪ٲ㣬ֻ¶һ˫ˮ£˼֮
ŮĿбӣֱߵǰڱǱ꺮˪ҪլԺ
Ůӵ̫䣬΢΢ü¶ϲּᣬ˺ЦլԺֻ⣬ǰһˡҪݱƷַ࣬۸񹫵
Ϊβ⣿ŮֱӴĻ˼֣ƺ鲻ѣмƲסĲ͡
ĪЦҡͷĵŮҲǵһһضҿźȴָʹӣ˵ǲ˽ʵ͡
ȻһĶĪЦʱĺɫһǲ⣬Ϊ̫ɽеĹءѰɡ
̬񣬻ӻ֣һϼ𹷵ģŮ˫ĿһӶ˼ζͣ
ĪЦᶯķŮӵΪߺʼղͣ¡вµҲ棺ҲҲŮΪϢڣҶ͸ʵй죬ʲôط
һֱĪЦΡ˷Ȼ˵ãȴʺ˽ʱʩչ̫ɽУһΪߵģܿóʲô硣Ѱ֫h䣬ֲԶȺ֮˶񣬲ԸΪ͵̸дŮطʡȴ鷳
˼ˣĪЦǰ˹Ǹ˵һûŽŮȥ
һţŮ˦֣ŭĿ򣺡ʲô
ĪЦҲҶԵΪϢȤ̳ã֪ɷԸ
ŮɫŹֵĿãŵΪΪ
ʵһ·Ѱˣ̫ɽ˶ӣ޴߶в㡣ĪЦ̬ȳϿңּۻ۵׼Ůһᣬأǵһ̫ɽУǮ֮ʣȻܾҪ
˭֪ŮֻǳĬƬ̣ӣգգ˫Ҷˡ


90 
̫ɽ, һƬ¥֮ء˴ľˮʳԷѰ֮
ֲ, ơħѪΪȣӦо, һ㡣ɽʳԹ֮ʿʳ, ɴ, Ѫ, ĪôȻͳؿ֮磬ϽµӽݣԴ˵ʶŹ㷺ʳǱٹ衣
ٹɱ֤߰², չǵҩ, ûз˵, ˱ʳѵͳŵɢûֹ˼, ʳ֮ÿ극ڣ̫ɽΪ֮ء
ʿ, ƮԶｻͷβ, ٲȻһ˼̻ͼ
ľ¥̨¥, ĪЦΣī
ŮӣϵĲ¶һ, 촽¿, ʮŵĽʳӾƲ, һ˲Ķ£Ѹٹ̡
ʵϣѾǵƲˡ
ĪЦⱲӾûôܳԵˣҲûô˼ˡŮŹͨ뷨Ҳһ١֮Ϻ̸£ˡοĪЦҲʮֺνʳǺεζ˴ȻҪƷһ
δ룬ŮֱӽĲȶһ飬ҲˣϯϾڲ֮£ͷԡ
ĪЦû֮ˣڲƴ֣ҲƽһϯŮɨһȣĪЦֻòԵһ䣬ŮӺֵһĬ֮УŮӽڶɨһգĪЦоɫֱŮϵȣĪЦĿɿڴ϶ðһ㱡
ֱԹȣҪڽеСĪЦ޿̣ԴϣǳԱˣɿǺ֮ǰ֮£
ŮգգۣŵĲȥգô´ĪЦЦЦҲ˵
̬ĪЦ޶˻ҪȴһҪõܰװױ˵ԩͷϷˣŮƲˣǧ̳㹻ĪЦüѺ⣬ȴţ뺣Ůһ˿֮ɫ·ЩȶԽ˹
ŮǲӦܸɳѺŮ
Ůӷ˰̴ֿûлشĪЦ֮ԣլԺ𣿡
ĪЦֻоŮĪʲôֳʵⶼʵ
δá֪֮кι
ŮȻв˿˵޼ҿɹ飬һլԺ
ȻǱ˵̬ȣĪЦˡǰݺ̳ϼʶ㣬ȴӶȺ޳֮ͽֻñԶԣξ˶֡
ˣҪԷ޼ҿɹ飬ҪҸլԺŮֱó֮·ȫ˶ӦΪ޳ס
ʲô֮ŮҹУɫҲˡһζĴֲϻĲ˵լԺ֮¶֪Ȼʲôò׵֮ȻҲ˵ֻǰҡǮˡĳ˵ĪЦĿ࿴
ҲĪЦ˫ĿеĲƣŮȻѧ˼Ҵѧûʲô伮ܲڴ֮ͥ½ɣ
⻰˵еĪЦôôŮҸڷƱӡҪ˵ŮֵݱռҹйŮв㡣ܹլԺҷǵԽΪϢɽҴѧڡ
ŮһָһĪЦϡ̫죬߸ûüκηӦС
ĪЦʧɫҪ󳷣о˰̴һͣһץץһͰ͵ƤƤ֮Ϲݺᣬϵ˰ȴ޶ƽ̹ࡣ鿴֪Ͽֲ˰Ȼ
˰Ȼʱ¡ξҲûŮһлָĶࡣĪЦǰ㳤ƽƽ棬ҲδòʲôŮƮƮĳ֣Ч˵ļҴѧͨȷʵ԰ʱ
ĪЦ˸ŮӵĿѱòͬ빲ȴӲԸ̫񵽵Ĺ伮ɬѶҲѷֱǷͳŵĹϸע⣬ǳӵĵ伮ͬնȻи񱾹һɳΪܣɽҲضթ档
ĪЦУŮɳ˸ƶĲر⡣̸֮ûбֳκ𾪣⽫ǱһƬƤ£ɫƽҲ֪լԺֵʮ̳ҲһҪ򡣡
֮⣬Ůͣһǧ
ŮҲԣֱָӵĪЦϡɲǼ䣬ĪЦжһβļ䡣
ޱȵķ񲻿ɵĽ⣬ɹӰɵС˲ϻ棬һһʽ·̺ܣƷǷ
޼⡣ĪЦɬе֣ѱƽ
ͬѰ֮Ϊ޼սɱһĪеţĪЦԡط󣬿ڹط֮УҲϳˣɵĶ
ŮӾϳط㴫ڣǸ֮ͽȻӵиΪĪЦһɨգԵһͬѡլԺ
һʱĪЦŴֻʣһ̳ĵѪۣǶʶ鶯
˵ĪЦΪʮ̳֣ܹһŮլԺ˭룬Ů۹ߣǿһլԺʮ̳Ź¡
լԺĪЦĲϰοԼ
լԺȻȴҲΪԣ֮أ̫ɽУƼΪϸ񣬲ǿȡ֮¡˵ףլԺģ뿪֮ʱǡ
լԺ󶯵Ų룬۴̨ͤ¥ˮ鿣ɾ
Ůӵɨһۣм⡣תͷĪЦҪԡȥ·⣬˴լһУЩճ裬ʳģʡ
˵ֱ߽У˳ֹţȻķ·Ǵ˵ˡ
ĪЦԭشܾãŰв²ЦӲ߳լԺһ󷨣㷢йƵĽլԺ󷨴߶ȷŮӲ·Űݡ
ҲôݳޣԣԽǹصլԺԽοӵеլԺżΪķΨ˲ſɿرգԪӤϹֶ롣ѾΪֻһɴִ˾ȫϵߣҲŮլԺжֵķա
լԺķѾ޴ȴȫ֮ѡ
ЦɣĪЦʤŵʲôЦģ㿴Ůͷ𣿡
ƽ̫࣬㡣֪ģԱ񣬲±ãһɨǰҲҿŮͷ㴫֮ʱ¶˼ϢһΪΪӣҽӰӡÿһδ۷壬ʱΪǳ
ǲ֪˶⣬ĪЦͷһμŵߡмֺ棺ޣ
붼Ҫ롣Ҫλ۷壬ɻģһշ;ŷƺڸķѵʱרһ֮ƽ׶вգɵĿܣ֮٣ʿ޷磬պľԪ
¡һе콾ҲԹꪶ飬ƽ˷ʱ䡣
˼Ƭֵ̣˴ɢ޾ۼ֮أ֮Ҳ١
ɢ޲ͬͳӵṩԴ޷ѡʲôѧʲôɢ޸ϰСЩɾͺ󣬲ӵͳһЩĹΪպɾͣòУڵӣרǵ˷ʱ䣬бɵķա
ͬɢսͳ߳ʿǵ̵ĲҲͳĸ
ŲµĽ⣬ĪЦ̴޵뷨ŮӼȻԸôôңƱΪרвµߡֲ̫֮ͨɽд粽УҲƿء
ô࣬ĪЦȻҪŮüֵեɣһëʣſϰݡֻǸճöȣҲ̫ƽϡ
뵽ĪЦתãȥ


91 
¥֮, Ӱȥѩʥʹ³һԺ֮еˮԡͰ֮С򵥵ʩ˸, ˮ뵳ȵ䶼Ƴɾ
϶ŵȫӵһ, ѩʥʹˮУ̳һ, ¶˵, , Żȼա
뵽һ·ļҧгݣߺƽ
Դǿɶ͵¿ħȫңһŭ֮, С˸, ŪƤڵӶȻ̫ɽеʥʹ, Ҳ̫ܽǡһ, ֻôһ·Ѱ̫ʿҲ֪ѣϢ, ɢ̫ǿһҲֻҵһͷԵ׳ʿٺⷢ䴢е̫
ѩʥʹжĪ, ǵΪʿûôҸò׽˳, ȴһصѩ¥ƽڳУһϿҲв, ¸ηھءһӢ, ǰ, ѩʥʹҪӵ
ٵʿƶǵû̳ǿտҲмͭЩȫ̳˸УѰ֮úÿһ¸Ѱ͵¿ħټ
˭֪ƽȮۣһҲѩʥʹΨ˾ʶݣŭûж֡סڳ֮УΪʥʹ󣬸ǻѩ¥ûΪסĵطĹ֪լԺ޵£һʱЦ
ﻢ֮ʱҶиϳֽΧ
ǴƺĹأڱҪ֪̫ɽйĶ֮࣬ˣҪ£˽½ףпִܱ˾׷粽С
ϾȻڴ֮ϹȻҪһǵһķһ٣˳̽һ̽˵ʵ
ϹȻǴϣϯڰ಻סٴѯ֮¡֪ΪͿ˾ǸСϵİ̺ۣǽջΪأǺȻҵɡ
ȻһģһЩջĻ𶾣ԴΪջԼ
˭ϴ˸֮УƺԹլԺ֮²ų⣬ʲƵӡѩʥʹУõͶһ̽޼⴫
˶һ˽⣬֪޼ԴʶԼݣ˶³ŵΪԼ£ݻصѩ¥
ϾȻһ֪ΪƶĲر⣬Ŀ⣬ڿ伮ҪһͬѡլԺ
ѩʥʹôãûôˣ˼ֶŪ˼صѡլԺû뵽ϾȻ㻳ɴ˱ǾȫңһǶû£ɥ͵¿ħ
²⵱ȻûκݣԼҲ֪һСǲϢʶ֮ǿȻһЩԪӤϹֶܱ⣬ôܲʿĽӽ
ɵأѩʥʹȻǳͬʣʶһʿ֡ǰҲûзƵ£ֶֻδδ˶ӣֱ˷ָĳ̶ȡ
Һҵ֮ԲȥЩָָ㣬ô汣סˡҵʹ֮ǰ㱩¶١һڰй۲ʥʹĶ򣬶Ѱ͵¿ħټ˵֪£ָʲô
ѩʥʹҧȾķۺգҲѪڱøӺ޶ˡ
˷ŭԭ򣬲ֻ裬ңΪʧĴУŲΪ֪Ҫ
Щ֣֮ͬҲû̫ɽдȥˡ
͵¿ħòҪץס㣡
ĪЦٴδ˸磬ҪҪԼһЩ
Ů˵Ķȫ֮û̻ȥתȥ¥˱ˮ¥ϢͨҲ˽һ̫ɽе£֫hõʼճԣҲҪӴ̽
˵ѩ¥ҲûйˣԵѯһ۸˴ﹺϢĴ㡣
ʵ̫ˡ
լԺʽ׽ѩ¥ϢƽƽҲҪ̳ӡ°֫hõħޣܴǳ̾˵֮ˣ˵ѾլԺͨסϢҪ۸ߣΪףѲܹܡ
¥ϰǸΪ֮ˣڿ֮Уˮбζ
ĪЦϰ壬е̳ʵϰ֪գλòףʮĺȻŮ޽ǣ֮Ǹĸˣ帾硣
̳ϰЦݿҲ֪̫ɽ󡣽Ȼҩ֮£ոſȸɵ˵ˣȴǲ֪ݻ֮Ҳδ֪
֮£ĪЦüͷûɵơ˵ܰѡ˭Ϊ£ûʸֹʡŮһ·࣬δ飬ҰλһߵԣڶõģδܰԼԸɲ¡
֫h֮£Ҫȥһҩţһܰ뷨ĲԸԼҲɰıߣѰҽ취
ĪЦ˼ع飬̾һΪֶϣǲ¥ϰȴյԣҵ뵽һЩ¡ɢޣһЩ֮ͽеʿҲƤ⣬òŮޣ¯ΪɹʿʱܡѰ֮ˣò¡
ǲ¥ݵļĪЦʵǳжʿ⣿ħмˣ
¥ϰЦҡͷҵǲ̻Ķ࣬ѿǰȥһֻ̽ǵΪߣ̻ʥȥ³ç£ñִ˾ץȥηģɶ౸Щ̳˽±ǡ
ĪЦлϰ壬ζӳ¡ʶ֫hԵ֮٣ȴ⡣ŮԺ£̫ԭĺøչˣδ¡¥ϰԣΪǵִֻܲѡ·
ĪЦԸ⿴ġسţһ·ܵȻһƬƻ֮ͨأ뷲仨ﲢֻſӭ͵ĶʿŮ඼Ϊ¡
ĪЦһΪһ·ҲûԸģʡȴ鷳ɨһȦųɶֵطۻҡЩطѰһˣֱȵ컹ѡ
ĪЦһĪչ֮ʣָⴥҵͬĽϣ˲չЦ䲻֪ⶫкã֫hȴͨϵ֫hĽһһԣӦ໥Ӧá
ֳһͬĽϡ
ʱͬĽƮƮһȥƿء


92 
׷ͬĽָ, ĪЦһΪ¥ĵط˴Ϊأڵ¥ȣԵƽƽ档԰, λħ̫ɽУȨҲô, Ȼֻôһſȸӡ
һ¥ſڴû֦չӭŮӱҡˮ, һһӡе, ˿ûΪΪƽƽӡ
Ҳʱ¡̫ɽڸ̾ǿ, ¥ûʲôõóֵŮӪƽһЩ޴ܣԸЩ¥ͷ, ǿϵġֻҪ˽, ¥д, ̬пڽԱ
ĪЦŮӽ, ڳһֵӰ۲졣ͬĽΪңָ¥ĳᡣĪЦ, ȴû̶֣תӭŮ
ݳʮ̳ŮüЦ, ¥еĹһһʮ˵Ů, ĪЦûҵ֫hƵˣʶʵûòһЩĹ, ǱȽɬ, Ѵ۵Ůޡ
ӭŮ˫Ŀʱ, ⹫˹˹ģû뵽ﾹϲһڵģ¹ޡ΢Ц׵Ĺﶼǻź˵ģҪŮһģҪû.̹ҡǡ꼸ǰһ»ˮۣݲףӦǺϺ⡣
ĪЦ⶯֮ɫܷҿԣȫҲδɡ
ˣӭŮӵǲΪ⡣ģǻῴ²˵ΪʿĿǶһʼ㿴ӽΪѪʢǸδµˡ
ûʲôˮȴּӣǹ񫣬ɬ˱뿪ҲǱһһ̬ӭ˱ˣһôûУ
ŮЦݲ֪Ĺܵ.̲ӭͣ˵ơǹϲǿԤһλŹӵϲðšǰù顣
˵ףҪǮĪЦʮͨó̳ǱԤһλһλָңԪڣҲϲ̫糾ŮӡֳͳţеɰԵģˡ
ĪЦһ֮ɫһФŮ硣ӭŮЦĻ֦ҲΪ飬֮Լ֮ǲϲԻˡ
˰¥ĪЦһƤθǮŮӵܲסʱʱһ£մ˻ӹġ
˱½ƼЩʲ£ǰ˵ŮԪΪҪΪ¥ɽҲܴ
ĪЦһֱӭŮίߣòºǲˬΪŮǸɫ֮Ҫǰݻ.ʱСƢûⶼʲôʱˡǧǰħʥħ𴴳˫޹ŮԪȱʧͻɢı׶ˣ˫֮㡣˺ħŵУר˵ּ֮ơڷʱ˫ǼΪձ֮¡ֻ˫ޣӵõĺôҪʤŮӰˡɲҪʲô˼ҿû֮ﴫ㣡
ĪЦգþûлعһ뵽½Ƽ֮ǰ䷲ֳ֮˯ô꣬¸֪ɽѱ˼䣬Ҳδ°˫֮ΪôϡͿķһΪΪҡ
Ҫ֪֪᲻ᵱѪ
˦ĪЦ³һˣñ
һ·¶ӣĪЦصլԺ󷨣̧۱㿴һͰͣϥŮӡϵƺϴϲҲɾֻ֣ǲ֪ΪΣ·ˣԼԼܿ涯˵ˡ
һĪЦŮ৵վһӣԵôȥôã
֪ǲǴĪЦܸоŮУ¶һԹԹɷΪγٳٲҡ
ŮĸоһֻУһϲͨӡ󣬸ոһ˲·ֻǴԹ֣ĪЦǲΪȻ֮࣬Щʱ䡣
˵գ߽ŮӣԼӺȻŴͨݸܵĶŮӲŲ˼ֱ䣬Ŵһ߽ȥлһ䡰ˡ
ĪЦһĪŮĹŹϰߣ̾ϢһѰլԺЪϢ
һնǶ£ƣԾɲԸУլԺʢúøŮӴ޼⡣
ΪһһϦĪЦгѧϰвȥֽǸԸӵŮӡ
֮УѩʥʹųʶרУûйעһߣɱֱվˣȲ򿪴ȡһʳģڴڵ
ųţƯ˫ͻȻ𼸷ֳʪ᲻Ծӿ
һӢҪʩ᷽ܹȫȻû˵緢ܹĿ࣬
е裬ȴ·װζûҵȣˮأƤݵˣʼղ˻ֻýûϡ
ϵĺζ޿ײ룬ʱˣѩʥʹҪѬιȥ£ڴԡͰϴʳʲôʱϴ·Ծ˼֣ƲҲˣǺζ··Ϻܾãϴɾ
ѩʥʹȻѰСӿɺͳֻܺ´żܱûլԺеȴ˹
ûլԺ޷׳šļ尾ϵĺζݲУ˶ˡޣÿҪʳ̲ͷۻʲôȡ
ò˹һ֬׷۵ζԾȥ˳е¥ݡѩʥʹǸܾĥ尾ȴãΪԭ
Ŵ֣һŮͷδ㵡񣬾˷ĴŮȥգȥ¥ֵطӹŮޣ
ѩʥʹı֮࣬ʧ˷緶Ȼܱ˿ţҲһޣڷгԶ
̫ˣ
ޣΪ츳׿̫ɽУҹϡͳŵĴѧѰƵСŰĸЩͳ߰˷ֵ
ʥʹε֮ǿҲδ֮ͬϡ޵ĺ޵׶ÿնҪʳɱΪȲ
֪ˣô޴£
Ҫ֪ЩͬţÿҲɾͰ̳ΪԵö࣬࣬ٿô꣬ſʮӡ񻹱͵¿ħһɨգһС
չѧɣѹΪΪѻҲ棬ֻܸǰУԽԽ
Ϊγֻһ·ֻһΨһ·ĵóòʣǸ̫ѣĸŮӲҲ봩ÿȹʵֻܲϼһ·俴棬ƮƮ·ʽ̫ɽУΪУҲŮƳ磬糱ֻһ·Ҳˡ
£ѩʥʹ͵ᡣ
Щûʲôζʳģ̻ʣ̽ѩʥʹ˼Уһɫ
ô˵˰֮԰һζûѩʥʹ԰һҸĴӴҳϸ·һۿȥЦݽϣѡ
⣬ʲô⣿
ǰƬ·̣һ˿ɴĲҪҪġ
ѩʥʹ֣ϡȻֲִڣһͶϵӣκϼӳ֣ͨϣͳ̶ȣ񻹸һЩ
ȫ޷ǴϾǴں˼·ѵԼɫҪʲô̬о
ѩʥʹһ֪˶ΪŰסȥɱ˵ĳ嶯Ҫ·ȫޣ´۵㣿
ѩʥʹᴩֶˣ
䣬߻֣һζ·ͻȻ˻һƮƮڵϡ


93 
һʱ, ѩʥʹĪЦ·վǰĿɷ̬
Ȼ, ϲ̫滹ŤŤͰһǼζ, ϻܸԡ
ĪЦգգۣ˿䱻ߵڵ, ķѵķ, ֿ˿ͬؤ, ײŮӣʵӣ𣿡
ѩʥʹԲĵСѾø֪С, й, ô̹Ȼ޹, ǿ, Ϊʲôƭ֮
ΣǸԳֵ̬, ĪЦԣ֪ŮҪʲô硣
ΣѩʥʹĵҴ޼, ѧ𣿡
ĪЦҡͷ, ʵش𣺡ӼҴѧȷʵ£ʱ޷͸
ǵȻԼѧڻͨ, һСɲ͸ģȻ, ҲҪḻսͳȻ, ûָһӶš
ѩʥʹԭҲĽգ䷨츳޷޼˼ȱݵСƭ˵޼ſֻҪϵպһֱʱ˱Ϊצ˵ʲô޷ܾһڳб¶ݵĿܣҪȻĵ͵¿ħ֮£Ҫһɿ˰ġԾǺܺõѡΪͣó󣬲ױעҲЩͬŵġ
ѩʥʹе⣬Ѿ˰ٰʮĥ˵ķֻҪ˳ƴԽͷ֮ޡΪʲôֱӶ֣Ȳ˵լԺɴִ˾ͽ鷳ǶһڵС֣Ҳʵ̫ʿķݶ
һһж糱֮ˣȻҪάȣǻ۽⡣
ĪЦŮ˸ľ⣬ƺӵĳַǳԵİʾôŮǺ޼¡
ѵŮȻԸŹ֣Ǹŵȳ̵ֻ֮ǲ˼ڣ
ĪЦ߳Ȼû˳Ůʻǰģһúòǰ֮顣
֮⣬ܡ
ѩʥʹҲ٣϶ӲձҲȵ
΢΢һ£ʵ·Ϊ˱£
˵ĪЦЩЦǰûԼ·ǰڸһ񣬺ࡣɷĵӷҲûšǸ޵ˣҲûоȥעʲôʱСڹ·ʱص˵ϰ塣
ϰ֪Ҫ͸Ůһ·ƼʽĪЦԸѾһûʲôõĶѡ˵һ٣۸ͣǳ˺ѴȥҲŮӳʱ͵ȥڶһ㱣աȫǳ
ĪЦȻܸŮԼĴ㣬ϲϰ˿·˵ǵпòŮ๺˴ǮŹô¡֮ϣĿ֮γݼ֮տ½Ĳ£Ϊ֮塣
ѩʥʹþԣôһ˲䣬˴˵ĹǸСĵĬĬ̫ɽС
ŮӽŲԶȥĪЦЦݣ˸ã
ѰŮ˵̳֣ҲҪ䡣˺߰˳ϻƪ׼Ůȴʲôû˵ôƮƮĽҹԻ·ڳˣǱģ
ŮãȴûҪҲ̽Ůĳ̫ɽΪ̽¶ԷҲ˵滰뵽Ůʱǰ㾽ȲӣֽͷǴ
ŮΪֹ죬һͲӣеӣ࣬Ʋ˻
ĪЦһ޼⣬֪һѹϰڻͨĸоͬһΣͷԻֻ̨ӵĽӰЩƼ򵥵ʽȴζ͸ԽùԽǻɬѶڵĽӰԽǿ񱩡ڲµĿ£û˾
ϳطΪ̡ûиָ߻ħ˼ҿŮ˾ϲ⣬Դ㡣
ڲӰУλû˵˭áĪЦǲΪ⡣ŮȻԸ񲻴ã֮ǰȴ޵Ҫ⣬ҲĹ֮ͽο˶Լƿ֮Уʲô
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²ˬ㲻ǸҰŮôʣ
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طǼɻ˼ңӶרһƽ⣬Ӷɾ͡
ĪЦȻʣֻǰһ֮֮һѲʶɨĪЦһĸ޼⣬Դ˺⣬רİղָ
֮УѩʥʹתÿּˮУѳȻլԺȻ棬ȴȻгϣԣǳ⡣
Ҳ֪СʲôʱͷϣѵҪôһֱȥ
˾죬Ҳһֱڡ͵¿ħ֮£ںÿ𣬶޵Ȳץסˡ
ųʶ̽ж
ֻǴϲЩܾˡΪ΢ޣֻѡһ·棬Ӽһұ֪½ΪƣǷΪ䲻ʾˣУĴڣŮǺãΨ㣬ʱöɣɽͣڣפġ
ѩʥʹͻͷһʶ߬ɢζ
֪㶮㣬п࣬ԸΪǰ䡣⣬ȴҲǸذŮӡ˪Ѫ꣬ñӻࡣֻΪ˫߹پ·ܹίһҲԸΪ㾡Сֻ㿪Ŀ֣óԸ
ѩʥʹۿ΢죬Ծ黰ڣһʱͬܣ΢
㴫ҷΪãԸҸʿ빲Ҵĵ¡ǷҪָ޼⣬ҶĻмһദҾ㣬ࣿίڴˣʱ𣬺޲Ϊ࣬һΪҲڡõЩ֮ġ
ѩʥʹ죬ǺϼһƬ
ʶɨ˷䣬ȷֻԼڣѩʥʹʶġ
լԺֻЩǴǶ˭˵ģ
ԭ翴ݣֻǲѿûдơԭͶֻ֣ǰΪ΢ֻͨķʽο塭
һãЩԱʿԾȻǰѩʥʹ⣬׷֮ͣȴδʱʱ֣ٽ蹺֮棬Ϊ㾡УլԺİ˾ǰȴҪװʶһάȫ
йһ·Ҳ˼ֲʵʵ롣
һУΪ֮֮У
һʱ֮䣬ѩʥʹ顣⵹濴ϣֻΪϸľٶȫΪǡرԳôԾԹ޻ڡΪЩģмˣ
аٸнѩʥʹƽһΣһԶԵĸо
ϵɣӶƭã䱰ӣ


94 
ʱɹֻһ, һȴǵ޷Խµһ仰ǡǡΪƽǰеֻֻ֣һСԽ, Ȼͬ
̨֮Уͷ׽, һƲ۵ĽâСǧӰӹҲԶ, ƽâڡһϢ㶨, תǧ, ƷѩὭɽĪЦֻδйвҲҪǽâշתɽ, ƾ
֪˶, Ͻ쳹̨, ɢ, ޱߣĪЦڿǽâ, ֣СɲǼ䣬ƥâɢ, ΪǧнӰ, ֱϣ˼䡣ĪЦΪȣ˳, Ȼ, ˫Ŀ֮оҫ, ͫѽβӰһš
޼⣬Ȼţ
ĪЦԸо̨һ˿ʮĽ⣬δͣȴԴĺȻ֮ǰĺȻͬĺȻŵӲ޲ͬһ˿ϴӣøΪ񡣴˿̣ǵԿҲѹ󲿷ͬʿ
⣬һ˿⣬ոţ
Ԥϵ޼֮ʱսضͻͽǿԽ󾳽磬Ҳһս֮
û뵽ŮӸطȷʵǺöȻϺȻŹ裬ʺСط״ңǸûʲôĻСѾͷҵС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
ŮȻ˵㣬ȴʵʵôĪЦپ⼸ʮֵ̳ãǹŮӶ
أǼ΢һʮֺŵζĿɨӣ΢΢һ㶡һ뿴žͺܺóԵࡣ
ĪЦǰۿãòȷ޶󣬲Ӻһڡ
ڼɫζȫĪЦǰԹôɽ亣ζҲδȹôζࡣ֮ȣе̨¥Ʋ˶˼
Упտգ̻ʰȹ⣬һδ֮⡣
⵹̰ʳʵΪȫǸϵʳ˴һ¶ǣůʮʣȻʶϴڵ̨¥ʳͬЧȴûôԡ
ı仯ĪЦϥСŸԽȣȻתٶȶȻӾ磬ֱ̨ɲǼ䣬籩һ̨ըʹಢδ֣һ֮ɢ˳ӿ澭
ĪЦȻۣɫݡ
һ࣬ͻ֮
飬˼壬ǿʶأ˺иΪʶ̽˵ʤǰĪЦҲкͺȻĸЩֻڣܸܵķΧ㣬̨̺ĺȻҲΪ磬·չռ䡣
ɵĺȻԽ࣬սԽǿ̨չޣɳ˾磬ڵһؿӰڵǿպмΪҪ
ſտҲ룬ĪЦĬĬ촽ҲǸп
լԺˣֻ࣬λŮġû뵽һʱ𣬼ڣܸ˰ǴطǸͻƾ磬ݶ鲻ν
˲죬ĪЦԸ˶ݣŲߵŮӷ䣬ţл֮飬պ裬ܿڡ
ʱŴ򿪡ŮǸװ磬ɨĪЦһ˲졣ܿ죬ʳûˣȥһЩ⣬ȥ̽һ£Ƿʲôܹҥԡ
˵꣬ҲĪЦӦһذϣ޶
ĪЦűײ÷ĶͷһʱЩЦáŮһĲָʹʤǰҲ֪ôڲġ
ǰŮӵʳԤϣصع㹻֧Űµʳģ죬ȫûˣ
ôܳԣѹᡣ
һӻңĪЦȻҲٴùͷ뵽Լٵ̳һҡͷ뿪
ֱӰ뿪լԺѩʥʹſ˫磬˫ãķ
ΪԼһͻƾ磬֮УΪΣܴӴϣܵͬԴ޼⣿ʱ䣬һ˿⣬š
ϣţƾԼ򣬾ѧϰط
̫ɽлƷͨС㲩ͨŽ񣬶ԴСڵĹԡڴˣԳȻ츳ϸԼϵ޼ϵĲûйûһ˿ϢֻǺȻŵͨӡ
οӵһԼļ򣬴ϵĶδ˽ȴΪɬѰ˸ˣǿֻ߻ħ˸Ҳ״ԭ
ѳΪҵӣ츳ߣе֮ӡŶʮɾľطֱ˼
ԸԳҲôʱ䣬͸һȫȻİϳطһʱ֮䣬ѩʥʹģôһ˿˿Ѻۡ
ѩʥʹһӢôһϣҶҪһ棡
ѩʥʹ߬˫ȭж־
ٻ¥ڣĪЦɫƽӹΪƽӹŮޣɫˮ
˵Ĺɫ㣬Ů
ӭŮЦȻʵѾѾˣ֪СʿޡִС꣬ǺдҪʲôˣֻƵУһмɣĸƻǽ
ȻΪ΢װҲƽӹжǮƵӣҲ󷽡һҲ˼ġ
û뵽һɣɣɡӭŮӴҵ꣬û۹ôߵĿˡȻЩ۹̫ߵģҲǰٻ¥类Щ¥Сӹȥˡ
ӭŮӺȰĪЦɫŻͼ֣˵ؿɻзҪĹһгҲˣûУ㽫ǰԤĶ̳黹ҡ
̫ɽ𼫹󣬰ٻ¥һҲͼ©дʳһȥӭŮ¶ɫзһҧλŮޣĪЦ֪һеģԼĹء¹ˣúõ.̣ƣÿ͹پˡѧϰ˫޺Ϻ֮ҲҪʱ䡣ӦšҪˣﲢûУĵȴաһﲻձɳأһλԺȻţԣʱȻ顣
ĪЦļһ̾뵽֫háúȻҵӣµ֫hã°ѧϰȡ˵˫֮
ĪЦ̣ŭŮӺȵҵˣԼ.̣Ƕ֣Ů޳ӵҪǸʲôģǰٻ¥һңǲǹŪ飬ƭǮƣ
ǰλȻ㲻δǳ⣬ӭŮίҪ˵ͻ˽һ̳ϣñˣЩ̳㶼ģ
ԹŲƲģӭŮһ۱㿴Щ̳˵Ҳ٣ͷһԼۣǸүüЦﻹί
Ժū̾ͽ
ʱ̫ɽƫƧһ۵լԺУһⱦĸλ֮ϣǰǶɸߡ
׺Ӵһ£ѾȻšʥŭҳ¡㻹ʲôҪ˵˿ᣬʮµӣٴţ͸Ӻ֮Уִ˼ֶص⡣䲻֮ˣгϣ˸һ͵⡣
˿̸˵˹֮Уȴ͸һɭ֮⣬ŭ
߶ȫǺ飬ﻹҶ࿴һۣͨһڵأʥʹϢŭΪʥʹϹᣬûйҲп͡ǰ׺Ӵ̳ҲΪʥʹ׼һΪʥʹ룬ް˽ģ¿ɼ
˵꣬һѱһᣬһĿࡣ
ʥʹһЦʲôһ᲻֪Ǹ̬׺Ӵ֮£ǰûаϢϹص湻Ҳ˹ȥЩ۶Ҳˣ׺Ӵȫ屻ڶû£ºȻҲΡ棬Դ»СϢˡƫƫ˺ȻŵӣˡµãȻôӣħ޵̡̫ɽŽãƾıһɻ龢붯ʥ潫ѹ£ǹƨô˿һ߰׹ǣ
ԣƨٷһ
ʥʹɫԻºȻѲ׷ʥȴɵӡ̫ɽеĹزƣóĶʥҲý
ͨﻹ֪ʥʹҪô׺Ӵһ°¶Ϊ⣬ȻٵλʥʹƬ̣ҧħ޸룬ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ඨܽƪϡ
ʥʹͷһеֶ΢΢Ϊ̫ɽȨƵˣʥʹ¸޲ܶһħ˱ӻ㣬ȴܾͨ޸伮
ħʥʹһżżȻ֣Ϲħۣһħ۱Ĺ䡣ֻвƪв÷ʥʹ˶ԴֻܿʳӤѪֲԪգҲͣͲǰûн
Ĺ֮޲伮칦֮ˣͬѩʥʹ˼ħԭǡǡǴˡ
ǸŮֲϣᡣѩʥʹԼмɫ츳ôһ㣬ŸָʹΪ˭Ҫģʥ谮мӡֻҪֵĵط˶Ҷ۶Լһ֮ǰΪµ嫺ʥʹǶǰǸʮŮѩʥʹԻת׷ãֱڴʥʹ
ʥʹ˽֮ˣθģﰵභԼֲðˡֻǸʿԼһԪӤΪ򲻹裿ֻҪõħ䣬ȻѹСһͷ
ǰϹȻ£еġֻԼǵͣ󹤣δ޸ꡣҲǱĿģû뵽ϹԼ˵˳ҲʡĿࡣ
ʥʹɫԣѾֿ˻ⶣ̽ѾͷˣڲҪ̫ɽУ򲻿¶šħһ޸ɣǴһʱҳʸʥҲõӦʹ͡
ߵͷӦǣһ·ʥʹͳȥԶ¶ӣݺһڣҪŮˣƾҲõ䣬ƾҲѹҵѩϷ򽫷ɣʱ£ӭȢѩ֮գڣ
ʱլԺŵ򿪷ҪѯʥʹΪȥȴ֮⣬һôŮӰ
ֱͦޱߣһָŮӣȵúǮʲô


95 
ŮӵҲ, ЦȻĶһ¥˸󷽹ӣûʹ, ƢɷһǰųҲǣ
߱˳, һ䣬ŭǰٻ¥ʲô󷽹ӹ, ȥȥȥ, Ϸ徻
Ҳ߷, ЩʥʹģҲڳ̣Ӫ⡣κԭͲǾ̵Ĳϣһһҵ, ̽, ֻʣٻ¥ǾӪһ
Ƥս, ƲԵкɫŹ֡
ŮҲһӿˮҪⲻԭ, ϰΪ̫ץʲôûɫ⻰˵, ֻ߶߶˵ͣòȴûкùд
߲ʤ, һֵ, ҲǸ㣬ȥ˰ɡ
˶٣ֵȻŵѾͷܴߡ
Ůпһ, ǿºڸǹӳŵ, Ŷ, ˵²µȥڣΨǺȻŵСѾͷñ׼Ůһ뽫ɽƻһٻ¥Ʒ磬ľͲˣĪԼã
Ůļ٣ָǹո¶ͷǣѹȺҲüˣֵʹۿۡλ˵ĸɵйʵʵǸ
Ůӿڲ˵ã߶˵ġ
ҲһʱԼʬٶ죬Ϊʧ֣˳°ͳŵƯŮޣ˵üǮ˭֪λ׷ĺȻŵӣӵззҲҪľˡ˵ħܴӣȴҲˣ񱻶档
ǺȻŵСѾͷȻ崿òȴֻѩʥʹ˻̫ǷѲеԭ򡣷ѾͷҪɱ֮ǰ׬һҲǲ
ٻ¥ڣͬļٵĻĪЦ̫ɽУ˵Ϊ˱ѣҲδ֫höأֹңպȡŮ֮ϼѡΪѴ飬ҹҲңԶŮ֮Ȼ˵⣬׷Ҳǰװ£þ
ȺʱʼղŮӻع顣ĪЦѰһһĺζľˮеķԽԽʢ
ͬĽĸӦʧȥãδ߶ûκηӦٻ¥Ҳ֫hã̫ɽңҵǴ롣
ӵ˶ʱżӭŮӿȴһˡ
ĪЦɫͷҪأٻ¥ģ
Ůֻ࣬Ц͵ϢŭҪѰȻеģֻūҲǸġ˵ˣӳһ̳ùǺȻŵŮ޼档
һֻ̳Ǽ棿ĪЦɫǲļ¶λ˲ףַʽ̽Լʵ
Ծɼ֣Եÿ⣬ʵڲʡ
ѣʵѰ졣
ĪЦŮӰΣŵ²֪ΪҲ飿һ̳Ȼ¥Ҳ´࣬ȴŮ޵涼ûҼǮΪ
ŮӼûתߣҲ˿ҲǺķ˴ץǹοħŵͳʿ͹󡣹ӿɳȥǰٻ¥пڽԱӲۿ͡ùӿһǲ⣬֮ǰ̳ȫ黹
˵գŮóһźʯͷһע룬ʯͷɢˣֳһӰ
һ޴ķ䣬żӣŮӡ˻ԡѪ˿λѾʣΨһŵλɫ԰ףΪݣȴգһľǿ֮ɫ
֫há
ĪЦе˫Ѿ߬ȴһĶ͡ŮӼϲΪӰʯɼ¼ӰùӼЦˡûʱ÷˹ӵֻۡ۸Ҷģˡ
ð죬ĪЦŷ·ع㣬ָ֫hõӰΪŮǧԵŮҪˣ򲻿ǿɸҺźиôʣ
ǸȲģƼɫ֮ͽ
ŮӺ˼ĪЦװ˷תЩγűΪδôʲơҳ뼸աҪŮ£Ҫ̳
һ̳һ棬ӱ¿˶ɲ£ŮӶѾô˵Ҫ׼˭֪ԩͷ±ţԹԱ˼ۣʮ򡣹ֻóʮ̳ˡ
ĪЦļⶼ˼ɫƬ̣ӸŮּۻһöʮ̳ļ۸ֻǧ̳Ϊ
ŮҪúչ֫húĪЦźЦ߳šԽԶٻ¥ϿɬԽ࣬ɴһ۱飬Ĳ°ֱ
㻹ûʮ̳ˣ˵СѾͷûʲô뷨죡
ĪЦĶǱ׵ᡣ
ٻ¥УıֿνٳȻŮӱһɻ˹ȥºҲܲµ⡣
òôͬĽʧȥã֫hֻһӰ񡣰ٻ¥ܶϣһء
ʮȻѣٻ¥Ĳǻ轻֫hãǮҲֵ֮Ļֶߣ⣬ҵˡ
ĪЦǸѾȨ˵Ըʮ̳Ҫ룬ҲҪЩϳ취ȳˡ
˼ˣĪЦ´ȥ˽Ϊӵı
̫ɽмģ˴ɢ޻ԭΪ˲ע˼ʮּ̣ۻãŶ۳ʮ֮һı
һССʿ̫֮ֻЩֵǮĹֻۣ̳
Щ̳ʳĺѸˮʣ޼
дϢҪǮΪ֫hҪǮǸԻڻҪǮĪЦ̳֪ŲѾϴεĲݡ
ˮĴĪЦ̾ϢһҪȥﴫһΪֿۻ
ӵģǻ˼ˮ㻹û԰ץ
ЦһƬƬ̺м£ޣһ׳߳ݡ
֣״СɽȴһŮӵĳȹŵüѣײࡣ˿ӻ廨󣬿Ծ֣λ˼£δϾӵ
ҪǰǼ˰㣬Ļ䵽˾ءûͬģǼˮģ
źΪ޶Ϊһ·ѹԶ
µ𣺡֣֮УҲдߣǴֻڣȻϢΪۻ룬Ǵͳߡ
ĪЦһ䣺֣ţѱǴʲôϡģ
µ㶮ʲôڹŴֻձӡڹ֣ʮǧ뼫ѩڡȻڹҲҪԽ˻ɽһʿֻܹҵͳС
ĪЦһħŵͳУܼĽơͱȻɷǵĹŵӹ֮糣ǷǺȻŵõУҪۿ̻Ϊ촷ۡ
ĽƣҲӵʱΪʿɱ˶ᱦй¶ŹĵõͳУֻǴĳϹܲأżлȡ
ݴر鲼ؾԵߵ֮вϡҩ֮ԵģĪա
ĪЦȻûϰ뷨ӴˮȲ𣬱޴١ʲôҲûˡ
ֻٺ޳·ҲȥִֻһλŮޣ̫ɽУв۵ǿԵ˵˵̸ʡ
뵽һ繷ܰȴһŮȹҡУĪЦɫйŹ֣̾ǧ治С
µгɣ˵ûһֿܡλϲŮӣǴʿˣ
ĪЦȻʧЦôɺϡ㲻Ҫߴʿܴ㸡档ҴҲΪʺϼڣѵƫҼĶģ


96 
ĪЦ˵, Цݽϣһһ볤óĬ
Σµ˵, ûһֿܣ˵Ķģ
ĪЦɬ, ðŸɰͰһЦǰ, ȷϢȫĨ, ˸쳣Բԣ
Ƶġšһ
ĪЦʣ˵, ڴ˭ǿһЩ
һΣº룬Ϊغ, ҿʵѰ𵤻ԪӤ, Ӧһս֮
ڹᶴػ, δȫָ, ֮ٿ壬վʹ, սۿۡȻźɽзҹְ֮벽յǿߣ֮ɱһΪֵѪѹ, ҹ֮ս, һУȺҲƵĴڡʿ״Ȼͬ
ĪЦĬĬ˿뵽, Ϊ̫, һ𵤻ԪӤʿ, ԸһСֻҪΪ³ŵеʿԸΪ֮ʹôңҲ䵽ĳ̶ȡ
ҡҡͷĪЦԼʵڽͷϸһ£ŮʵǸ
ڶݵݣȻֻݣ֪ʱܴŮװһŮ²¶ֲ˵ĽƣѰټǾʹΪ
ĪЦһ˼δ·һ߽˲ݡ
ϰɣĪЦ˱ˮָϰ֪аٻ¥Ǻ˾Ӫ
ڶ̸Ϣһһ׼ϰҲûǸԺѪɷʿ˵ˣмֱ¡̫ɽʿţëû̲ڳ˻졣λΪƽƽ棬ҲûжʲƵӣȴ֪ʲôֶΣλʥʹеʥʹӴƽƣڳп˶̣ҲСϧƾӪһһֻʣҵǿ֧ţٻ¥֮һǳ̽Ц̸ǰٻ¥̫ɽйѿһ¥Ȥ
ĪЦҡͷЦ֪ҳ̫ɽУһ֪ʶһɬ˸۵¥ȥŵоŮȰ¶ʱҲ֪ģĹɺŮӣһЩĿ֮ˣ˵¹ﶨ⡣˺üգзƣٻ¥ϰۣҲҡ
ϰȻ򣬶Ͷһͬʵϣٻ¥ֵطҲֻܺŪһδʿǰҲû˳Թֿٻ¥ʥʹʿҲϳԿҧλӴ˲ٹˡ
Ҫض𣬲ȥѰʥʹæ̫ɽоӪ꣬ıʥʹȨ󣬶ϴﲻһ죬ӹصĳ̶ȡѩʥʹһǲʥʹΪƽλʥʹϵѩʥʹĴ壬϶
ᵽѩʥʹϰͷ׷壬һ֮ɫ򿪾͹زϣѩʥʹеޣ亱Ůӣɣ츳߾࣬Ů޿ģˡ
ѩʥʹ̫֮ɽʱĪЦصȥƹܵһЩ̣еϢӣҵȻһȴǳ޿̣ܼԶʤ
ɲϰ彲˵ĪЦˡЩδֻΪ˿ˡ
ԴˣĪЦȤλѩʥʹϰôŵȳÿչǽӴ·ʿ㲻ظλʿ̶ֳȡο˰æҲҪóӦꡣһλʥʹֻ֣²ֹʮ̳
Ѫɷˣ̫ɽУҲֱӶ֡δݾߣıߡ
ĪЦ˼䣬λϰ廹һյУѩʥʹ¼·֮ʣļΪϸ¡УѩʥʹٲȻһλ糱ǣ·˵С
ţĪЦɫԽŹ󣬶ϲԾð亹
˵ȷʵ˸·ΪƵĿʽνֵŮ.˳ɶװĪЦδɣֻ˵ˣǧƪһɡϰȴоųɰգ񵽵·Ǽˣѩʥʹ
ˣνһλһ䷢֣ǲݵ³
л뿪ݣĪЦˮƲոյİЦ⡣
γûгҲЩζѩʥʹΪǽ𵤣սȴλʥʹ֮ֻΪҿ壬޷ʩչ̫ǿʲô㣿
ĪЦĬھԵսǰκıƶͬ衣ʦδݣ͵˾УҲʼδ
ܿ죬һǳļƻգѩʥʹûг֣δҵټΪ֮ƣѰһɽ취ǰ̡
һֲõԤУʲô
ĪЦ֫hѪɷУ˱ʥʹʮ̳ԲܽѪɷˣֻøȨ֮˳֡οѾѩʥʹﳹףԴΪͶ״ͶʥʹȡΣȳʦҲδ֪˵ûʡʮ̳
¾þԣ뵽ڷʱ죬֣ʵںȻУ˫Բǰ·ǻ˵ģɱʼĹѨУǽ໳Ӻӵޱȣ浽ʥʹ£˵Ҫʲô֪ΪΣ˼ڴ
ĪЦԥ֮˵ƻҪƵĵط֫hãѾûʱ˼ֱ̫࣬ѹ
ѹȻʥʹ֮ءƹΪΪıУλʥʹУˣ޽ľֺֻȳһ㣬ſǽ𵤳Ϊ
ںϢ֮ͨأֻԼӴ֪ĳĪЦûݣֱӱϺȻŵݣչʾһȻֻΪҲҵħŵߣʱѽš
֮ڣװ޵ţϸڴǼݻһ·ƾЩװޣĪЦѾλʥʹԸҲ˼㡣
߹ȵһƫȻֻƫɼа趼Ƿ伮вƷĪЦۻҡ
ƫ֮ڣӽɫĻ¶һλŮӵӰ俴òһⱦĻڵסĿ
ȴĪЦǰŮûаֺѣƽУ͸һ֮⣺֪ѹٺᣬкιɣ
ĪЦЦֱӴӴУ׼Ůչ¶ֵһɲǣĻŮҲݣֱӳ嵽ĪЦǰһѶ֤Ŀ𾪡
εõ
ʥʹı飬ĪЦ֪ԼѾĶԣ촹ֵЦһ·Ӱ׺Ӵշתˣ֪ʥʹѩʥʹ϶ѾĻϣֻʥʹһ󡣡
ʥʹ΢ֻһ·ҪҪȻħŵӣǰϾǸС׺ӴһжۣǺȻŶ׷ʿҲ˵𣿡
ޱѹк£ĪЦ׵壬֨죬ɽѹϢѣ˫۶һƬԾɲƣǾ޴ѹݴУʥʹΪɢޣȴλȨأһΪɲ⣬ǿĽǰǰȸˣΪһССʿ˴ǰηֻһˣĳϣǰ
ֲЦˣһƨ£ʥʹҲ˳չոΪʣҲ̽ͷʲôսΪһʿ·
ο·һ䣬Ƕ˽֮ҲûŹֱǴѩʥʹϰһⲻòĴǡ
֮̽£˾ֻΪƺвΪҲѰ֮ˡ
̫ɽÿսʿ࣬ħŵĵҲûСΪȨƵˣÿһҪӼֻǺȻŵӣ׺Ӵһ³֣Ȼ̫ɽ϶ڴ˹ͷӺȻĿࡣ
λ겢Ϊ˰׺Ӵһ¶˲²⣬Цζ˵׺ӴԶǧ㲻ҲҪҪˣôѾͷɣ
ĪЦԤϣʥʹֱӳ֫hõĴڣ˿û˼ʱ²͸ò룬ﻢ£˼ӿ̽ǰõ˵渵ݣոսȻҵӡһֱ֫hʦ֮˷ǰΪˡ
ȻݲĹϾǷ֮ˡʥʹֺӡֻӳһѪ⡣Ѫƫ˲ʱ»عġ
ĪЦûгԴţɫ̹ȻľȺ
ʥʹĿã̧ۿĿ֮У˼¡


97 
, вĹָףĳ˫, šһɣ츳ˡ˫, Ժסɱ顣, Ķࡣѳ֮Խһ콾, ΪȻҵ, ǧҲֻˡ㵹мֱ¡ʥʹﾫݵľĿªҲЩĿ࿴
ȻʿĽǶݵʿı, , ֮, ֶ֮, ҲʧΪһλŪƵ˽ܡ
ĪЦѾ²⵽ܲԼĳȴҲû뵽ô˶Ϣ, ̫ɽеʵҲµĸ
Ȼͳţ˵һϢʥʹϢºȻ, Ҳ̫ɽеߡ
бȻǣ, ĪЦһ͵ʿܹ롣˼䵽֫h֮ϣʥʹʱĶ̣ʵ΢, ѻ, ȻЩɾ, Ҳʲʦ㡣ȥ׺Ӵ壬һչȭţʦǰչַɡκβأʦΪ°ߣ䲻̫ɽλʥʹ֮УȨ֮˱ǰ첻ηȡǰһĳϵķϣұ˹顣
ĪЦһ֪֫hڴУ̬ȣ⻰ȻϿңȴȡˡʥʹûֱӻӦʵλɫΪޣѵ㣿
ĪЦ¶ḡ֮ɫ벻ٷ֮顣οţ֣λӣȻЩɫʦ츳֮Ů֮дȻҪѡʦĵ¡
ںȻУݵķĪЦⷬı飬һ쾡£ʥʹҲ֡
ħޣڶ࣬˾ռߣҲų⡣棬пᣬʱֲǴ˵䣬Ψͬߣû쳾е˭⣿
֪ѩӲԸصΪȡҲġֻǲ֪ε
ʧ̫ɽУײһѩʥʹڵϣƺ˲˻ԡ֮̽£޷Ӧ׳ŵӽǹ⣬ϧŮϳ·һУȻٽ౦ĪЦҡͷ̾һźģ
ʥʹ뵽ѩʥʹһÿնҪɽȡؾգٳԣƲڳСˣҲ˵ùȥֻ⾭ʵڷ˼һսǷĽʿôϡͿʿ·ڴɽ֮УʥʹԴ󲻳⻭Ů˵ġ
·ĵȷȷƷð١ֻǸʿԵ޹ȡŮ˵·ĻʥʹûȫţҲûвš
Ŵи
츳ȴأ֪ĿɽˡһССʿҹǰҪˣȻ̡λܻѩʥʹʵ㹻
һֿܣûлŮ˴ѹͺ޲ѩʥʹȫޡһ߰ѩɽ˭мһ괩ŵ·ȥά棬߸ϣԤǴȥ˳ѾȲŮ˱ӡ
ĪЦѩӿɫ˵ٷôһǰ㶼޶𣿡
ʥʹĿУƺ˼ڴĪЦһǶޣͷǹ˻ޣϣ裬ֱѪɷһ·ɫ
ǰ˵ЦˡֻǸСʵ޸ܽǿߵ޸
ʥʹ¶ϧɫȴֿ˻˿˵ɫ֮ͽŮҡηΪеġݵ׾ĺڣǰһڶ
ӣҪҳһˣҪһЩʱ䡣ڳаϢһǲ֪ͨ㡣
ĪЦٳδʥʹüʥʹһ˵ŶûУγΪһʥʹô㲻ң
ĪЦЦǧл֮ת뿪
һƬžΨѬʥʹϣָĸѩʥʹ·
һѪɫӰӿи֣׵ƫ̳ŨҵѪ֮ʥʹӣһ˿Ц⡣
㿴Σ
ŨѪɫ£Ӱģֻߴ࣬һޡ
һǵթĪ⡣
ɳƣĪ棬·ι׵ֻϼ֣˲ȲʡȻʥʹȴ˿Ϊ⣬ЦЩȻ˽ܱ޼ʮؾչسǿ𵤣׾ʮаڣΪħŵҪ˵ǼϹŶΪоλФ硭ҵõȷϢΪѻָɡ߳ƵΪĹ𵴡Ȼ˼ôҲ档Ų꣬ڣѳ֮ΪԺ˫԰ף֮˺ȴɻûмӺ͵ɫҲ˵ȥҵǾã˿ɿá
ѪӰζһ£͸ֲ죺
ӱиȻţҲͼžҳϿԡΪʥʹ꣬׻Ԫѩǻѡʱֵ֮ʣܽ˺ںȻаһߡ̫ɽе鱨磬ѩССԼֶΣҲƥСħŵͳţͺ룬ʥľӪЧ΢ܰһöӵȻţʥҲǴһԺɫŵΪһŮ̫ɽҪˣµޣǹѩС˵·ͳһ㣬ġοܴ֮ѩʵҿ󼰣飬֮ãҲǻ¡
ѪӰƬ̵ҿзǣɲ
ΪΪɫұɫԵͷȻҪͷѩ𣬱ؿһСзǣӳҵģ
ʥʹһ䣬ֶüŴݣƽһоա
ѹ߳ĪЦǳһһλԪӤϹֶǶ£¡ʥʹɲǺȻʿ棬˵һ仰¾ǸѪ岽³
ƴӦԣʵ򴦴ÿһ붼֮ϱĵϣһ֮䡣
ɻ𣺡ôˣǻ֮ƣתͷɱ֫hãһŬ
֪޳֮ͽתÿ죬ʮǴ˵Ķֻ֣Щɻô˵װ·ֻõһǶǵĳŵ
ʥʹ̫ɽȨƼ󣬾ʥʹɱ֫hãҲҲó⻵Դе©ʥʹִȨ֮ˣûв
һԸһԸôô졣


98 
ĪЦ̾Ϣһ, ʥʹΪһʥʹܺŪͶ״ȴδ׷, ֻҲԼ㡣ټ٣ʵʵ, ²͸ңҲ²͸˺ôϲ, 档տ·, ˵ҵ顣˺㲻ܾȳ֫h, ڣҲշ
øԺҪʲô
ĪЦһЦȴδ뷨ȫг, Ų߻լԺ
ŮӵķŽ, в޶, СĪЦûд, һʳķſڣԺ֮
޼ֻһ˿޵Ľâ, ҪʵԶԶϰ
, ߡĪЦֽ, һһʽǵĪɱ˼ƮƮĽͽȻͬûж, ֻٶȵļ¡
һƽâ, ڴ󿪴ϵĽ, ʵҲܵ˾ԣԴԴϣǧһ֮š
ĪЦѾ뽣âͬͬ壬УȻ֪
֪˶ãһȻгձơĪЦоһƮȻɵĴȱ֮ƢлȻĵҽߣҽˡǴȱ֮УޱɱⰵӿĪ⡣
ĪЦ㣬Ǵȱ֮⿹⡣кâʢսӿޱ߷âԡ
춷˶ѽĪЦĥʯӲϵں¥λӰ¶硣
һ֮裬ǰֺħֱȥȱ֮Ҳ޷һ֮ȻѣƮ޺ۡ
δ仯ԭĴȱ֮⣬ޱϤһλ֪Ľ׻׻̵ѧõӣׯ£Ц
кȻжʱĪЦδʲôȴҲ֪棬νȻǼѡ˲Ϊ𣬴֮£ν޷ǳӣںԶ档
ʲôɣʲôʿ¹棬޷ʳ졣ΨгΪǿߣһǨֻأسģɴԡ
ĻΪɴնЩ֮
зâģĪЦֳֺ⣬ļңһֱ
ţǹٴʧŴķâλȻէԣʥֱӡ
־ߣֻһɲǵѹҪڵϸ׳ƳĪЦսŨһһ콣꣡
һǵξ粨棬ǰУ
ȻŮӣȻ˵ݲΪӪΣݺĪЦǸη壬ӣΪĿĲݵĪЦ
ԽգԽǼѣԽܼѪҺǱصķǿη˽âķУн
콣£ĪЦһһⷽԵСִδſʢ
˺ۣĪЦŴ̹Ǿʹ躬⣬âɱ֮Уøӡ
ᣡ
̨էԣһСӰƼҲڴ˿̴ﵽ˶ս
ǧͻȻƾʧֻһѪĪЦ񷣬ޡ
ȣһѪĪЦ۾ȫþֻξǰֻһŮһֳֽ
ԣУŮеѣؼ𼸷ֳɢ
̨ʵʵСĪЦоâһţ֣صĶŮӳҾһݣлӵ㲥
ѩʥʹԣκˣþòƽϢ
ǰ¥ϣǴ󿪴ϣȴĪĽδһʱ̽
Ȼֻǽƾн⣬δʩչΪܸܵϽ̺ĵɫ䡣֪սλʥʹ֮ףƾһȵĽΪǶط
Ĳս򷨽ʴӱСԸֹͨĥԳһɣڵĺϣϲκθ޴ܡ񣬾ڴ˵⣬ˣֻǸʿֻǺȻһССҵӣ
䲻ʮ꣬жãжٸжǿҵִ͵ģ
ոʩչĽ⽣УҲʮ֮һѡɾҲһСܹƥС
㶯ɣͽں嫽֮УҶӦʱֹû˶
ⷬ⾳ԾѹɼϵԽжǿ
㱼䣬ǰ꣬ѲĿªһûڴɽ֮У鰵
ѩʥʹɬҪ˵Щʲôȴʲôû˵
ոյĽԾû¶ʲôȴȫΪûκνʵѾӵһš
һϡ͡ӱˣӢţسɴ
ѩʥʹ޷ݴ˿顣Ըţӹӹµµ̫ɽӣ˱ﲻһǿӲʵ֮һ˿ϧ֮СоëȴĺһȦС
ĪЦимŮӵİ̶ʱ㽫޼СɣĳɾʼδҲԴŮ˼⡣
ԭΪŮ״ίߣô׽Ҫ֮ĥϣʹЩֶβܻôŮΡδŮ֮ĳĽ綯ɱ˶ᱦķУŮĴ˿ǲࡣ
ĪЦ⣬պҪúùŮȻǸĳԻ޵׶ҲҪܼ
ĪЦָмУѩʥʹֻһתͻطˡ
ȻĪЦϰΪǱŹȭƬ̣뿪ıӰ
вµһ˿˿Ĳ죺˶ˣ㻹ƿ۾ǲǿ·Ǻεȷ⣿
ĪЦ˸ۣûʲô˼ĴǸˣ㲻ҪⴧĹϵ
Ҷⴧ⣿˼ĶɺˣʿĸǳѾõĸ޴ܣȫް˼ѵɫǣ
ԴˣĪЦеɻҲֻһţǰ飬ȻǸ޴ܣҲɽֵıɢޡοĺңոڽ֮ʾܽɱΪλ˼ҵ˽⣿ҿ˼ÿ춼ǲǶĸŮ˼Ůֲǲ֪ŮӶ
ĸӶ𣿡²ġ
ĪЦƿԣ֪ηǰҲûĸй뷨ǸŮȴһɾͲ׷ߣЩˣֻ갭ۣҪʲô׽뷨
ŮҲһ׽ֻࡣиߵĽһЩŮᱻԸָ֧󣬲֪ΪʲôٷǰûЩ£ԹߵĽǶȿƺôһ˿Ѱζ
뵽࣬ĪЦԩкޣҲһ˿˿ĲãȻԸȥ뷨ԸԱ֮˱̵ʹࡣһжӦȥ˽ᣬܣԶ顣
𵭵ĳĪЦûƽϲੲݵľ˵Ų򷿼䡣δŵһʳָ󶯵ķ㡣
ϹȻڷҫزˣֻǲ߼ʳģ̾£ζ㣬˿ڴ¥ƲˡһΣûò̽鷹ǷжȻ
ʳһɨգĪЦ¿տҲİ״룬һ㣬ҲԾһ˿Ѽᡣ
ȻլԺȻУɿܰķˣΣķʱпɽ磬ȴȻӡ
Ǹʾ֭׬ǮҵɷԼķӣпã³ӡ
Ī뷨ĪЦ࣬ơ˾֮£ĵȷȷܵһ˿ҵĸо
һжλԸӵŮ͡ǰ˱ķûĵĶԴ
ĪЦŮǰ˿ţں޷Ӧ󣬸лһŮӣӿطС


99 
˺, ĪЦͰÿճȥŮʳ, ļϤ֪Ůӡ֮⣬̫ɽй, ھ¥֮࣬ҲżԾ¥еĲ, Ůӵ, Щûκ, ʳ֮ζǿ¡
λŮӣһĬԣ˷Ը, ̽Ϣ, ˵һ֡ÿһεķɲ, ԽԽ໨, ĪЦÿΪڴʱ̡
գĪЦûеʥʹϢһԺϰ, һ˼¡
ʱŮӲм𣺡ʲôϰıҪ
ĪЦͷһ, λŮӱ۹, ѿ˶ʱո˼ӣҲûע⵽ŮӵĽӽദгĪЦҲһЦ, Ϊǳ, ֻһ, ڼϰԱ֮
ѩʥʹΣ΢ʲƹúլ֮ˣ̫ɽҲǲ࣬ȻΪԼһǧûа
һνԾ֪ԣһλһļʿˣжԣڱҪǿ֮ģģǺεȵУ´Ѷ֣ºľҲҲֻΪһЦһһķԸȥ
ѩʥʹ֪ĪЦ׳ѧϰеķΨǴ˵еѩʥʹߣ׷ɱֻΪΪ裬ھΡ
ΪϴĶͣϵĸȣҲȷʵǾţһëдаܾô޼̫ˣͷǹܾˬ㿴ƲĵƷ̫ͣôУʩչвͬ
ĪЦпϲĻ֪Ů㲥ɽĸȫ֪Ůӡ
Ůӽһ飬һ䣬ʩչֻΣȴĪЦֽһֵ׾ֶΡ
ɣ೤ȵīƾճ֣ԺשʯϣȻ죬ۼ
ĪЦĪķѲΪʩչһθԶԶһŮӽƾĽ˸֮սһأдӣķ࣡
Ųǣ
㾹ȻҸˣôôʹˣ֪Ǿϲ⣬ôİָһξܸĽδţԣ㲻Ҫ󣬱ƭˣ
ĪЦȫûµǲ²Ըഫͨڰһ·Ů˽ӻؼңڹţǻǮլԺҪеֲ˹ʳǺ˵
λһĺĳܴʮٻ¥𱽻棬֫hã˱ĵϢ
еָݺݽвֵĲ°Ůӵӽң
ŮӲδ˵üͷ壬Ƭ̺һεĸµı仯
ֻһγֵһαϸޣȻȴ鲼ڼ̡ĪЦĳͻȻһϰ̺ۡ
ĪЦδŮзһ°ýʵʵֱӴ͸Ƥȫʹ࣬Ѫ
жˣ
ĪЦ󾪣ȴ˿ܿƵԵڵأкȻȥض
Ҫͦʱһ͵ɫĪЦϣȴŮӳ֣ҽΪ
Ƭ̣ĪЦǹѰʹʧϰ̺۴һޱȵĸоŴŮûж⣬ʩΪ
˹һʱ䣬̺۴ʼһƤļü죬Ҳ졣ϰٲƤ䣬ϵʧ
ŮջǺ𼫴Ϣ΢Ǽⶼ˺顣
ĪЦִǹۻʢǰļ̺۵İ͹жûСȻǸںˣҲŮӵΪмǺЦŮһݣлӣ
κ޷ӦĪЦ̧ͷŮЩȻ˫촽΢ţ˫ֻ˹ƣƺǿˡ
ĪЦûоʲôֺ֮˼ŮӡŮγѰ㡰һ¶ļȻһ죬漴Ƶĵһ۴ϣͷҲصתطͽĪЦһڷҡ
ʲôΪ˲죿
ĪЦȴûƽ²ۡ΢΢ƿ½뿴ǲǱԼˣͿһֻͬЩճȻɵꡣ
²Ůעӣһһţٴ
ĪЦѵ񹲷ߣ᣿첽Ժˮأͷȥһ֮£ԼҲסˡ
üҳʱǰףֻǲ֪ΪθΪ壬ҲΪϡɼŮӵȴѰŮӵ̬֮һ˫޹ĳüԶɽ죬Ǻ˫ͦ罣棬ϣ绪ԡ
ݲһƴŮϢչЩԳΪʲôѹӡʹɺŮ֮ʣ֪ٹ޶˳
ĪЦ׽ħѵţĥһǣԵóȹңһȫŮӵĽǻָŮװҲһλˡƴĪЦԷǷȣ˵ǻҲҲΪ
ĪЦ΢΢üոջָòϲȫȻ
̫ˣ̫ɽжֻˣܲһλݡŮӵֻ࣬˻ѺõĹϵ̾Ҫ洵
뵽ºŮӵı飬úЦĸ磬˶ܲøĹעλһ߰ƨһƧᱻ֪ڵ̫ɽУ鷳
룬˺°һ鲼ҲѧŮǰһ߳լԺ
֮УѩʥʹͨأԷ
գֻһԭòޱȵˣͻȻһӣĳʵ̫⿴ۡ
ǲ֪Դϵ٣ǻָòضȴҲû뵽ڡЩ֮ϲŮУǴ֣һŮԶ֮Ҳų⡣
۹⿴ϵò֮аϳӢ̫ࡣʣ˫ͫÿ٣Ůӵ㣬ӵȣ˵ζֻĿԽԽԡ
ѩʥʹʹ˦˦Դϣ˫Ŀһ˿ᶨ
ѩʥʹᱻɫס˫ĿٺãҲ¼޸һʿԣɣܣ
Ȼ֪ĳķǵŮˣѾԼĻ³ϹϵĪЦһߵС̯ǰһ˵ߡ
۲΢С̯룬Ǳľʢŵģһװεߡ


100 
Ȼֻ̫ɽеС̯, ҲáǸĲʮֱ˵ĵͶ˻ɫмڱʶĹЧֹЧҲƭͽʿ, Ϊ׿ƣЧ
, ⣬֮, ͸ʵ
ĪЦ, Ҫϸ, ̯ȴֵס
û㹻̳òҪϷ
ĪЦһüԣλ̯̬ȼɺ̳ô
̯˿ǰλص, һ֣̳
򣿵²Ҫ٣ĪЦʵһ¡С̯ϵĻݬ, ʵڲܸȡЩʱѾ͸̫ɽе, Ȼܱ̯ơ
Ȼ, ȻƷ, С̯֮ϣһߣǧ̳ڵ, Ҫۻ˵ùȥ
̯һ, Ҵһؾһã䲻֪ЧãϹŴ֮, ˵̺ϹĹžƪ, Ҫ, Ǳˡ
ĪЦĬ߿
һҪߣֻǾãǸŮӣһܺÿһֱڵݣǳ಻ѣÿղƲҲʵ´͸᲻ܿģ
̯꿴ȴδּۻۣЩмЩɥҲû˵ѣȷʵǴһؾͬе˶նԼѡؾ֮У䱦ϧæֻüóôòߡ
Ҳóϧ̫ɽΪļУĹЧ˵ǹ룬ˮ֣ƺֻ׷һŵ㡣
ɴķŵõģҪ˳ʵڲġǴ˶꣬ʮ̳۵Ծʽ
֮ã֮ϧֻܿ಻ֹעΪԼС̯͡
̯̾һҪ洵֮ʱǰһ̳
ĪЦ򴽣Щ̳ȫңǿϸôԸ¡
̯һɨǧ̳˵ǧЩߣ˳۾ûжһǧ֮ÿ΢ȥҲȷʵήۡ
ٴο˿ЩĴţ˫ξ޲ӣ֮࣬Ҳ˼ֲ̡һ·򣬾ûʲôõߡǧ̳ȫң̾ϢСˣ벻ʲƣЩ꾳࣬Ŵ۲СƸұɢޣ漫ѣΪĹҲƣвֵˡ
ĪЦ֪˶¶´û뵽Ȼ˸ĵش̯ҡҡͷ̯֪ҡһλŮӣ͸һʡ
̯Ȼ𾴡˭ʱܺĹҲƲһЦ֮ܿɹ̯̾ϢһùЩ̳ͬľһ
Ϸ㣬ȷʵؾãϹ֮ȻЧǮ壬ǷڣϷҲǲˡ
ĪЦϲĽӹߣŮ㻬ۣëߣΪףⰵأ߽յ׺һڣӡ
ҲĹ
ߵ΢˴ߴУòϸ鿴
Σµ촫ȷʵϹŴܵϢҲʵнҲó󷨽ƣǰﲻ㡣
봢ĪЦĲɵġšһֽߴãҴææϻؼҡ
;·һźµ˾ѺһŮװѶǴĪЦҲΪϤڲ֮ˡ˿ıףңΪһ˾ڽ£죬ǲӡ
Ⱦ룬ñֻ֣һˣƺΪУעֻǴϣĪЦûв
˼һתںڰУ
Ŵ󺺵˾е˵֮ˣǸŮӣɿò࣬ΪΣ
󺺺ݺһڣ˲Ǵ˵̫ɽ¹ƨĹطҲˣ
˾һߵĴͷѪǴ󺺲Ź˳֣ĻӦմȥʲӿջԭɷ̫һʥʹûͷۻɽ;һʿȻͳû٣˸ƣһϼƣɲǸ̫ֺǺǵѰ·ˡҲ֪ôأԱ㱻һ£Ӵһºݰ˶û壬ιȥˡѰϲ֣˱ǽ𵤡Ů㣬ֺţɲǸŮޣ˵һŮľʣˣզٰӣ
󺺻ϻһੲݣΨ˲֪ԼңδһŮ֮º̵£λŮ޳ĿͬⲻʳĶ²ȥڣŷŹơ
˾÷겻ԽΣһߡ
⺻Ӧûѣıѩʥʹ
ѩ¥ȷʵʥʹ¥Ҳȥû뵽ѩʥʹǰҲ
˾ԣҵʥʹ£Ī£ϴҵ
ʥʹҵȵ١ǺȻŵӵϸѲ˵֮δҵȲɵġ
棬Ϊҵáɢҥ֮󣬲ѹȥ⺻޳ڳа׳԰׺ȣѰ£Ψһǿᣬó

һϼƺ󣬰Ǵ󺺱һȥ
ĪЦӰ߳΢΢Ц
ѹδϢʵ򰵵﹦µĲ١ʥʹ֪޵бǹһδ̷ǲ˵飬ı˼أǸĽɫ
աϴȥѹҲһԡͶвҲɽֵ·ͳȥ˱ɻˮԼժһɶĪЦڳвݾ¥һ̽ЩԷ˵ѩʥʹǰʥ࣬˺ɧ˹ʱײƣ·ơЩֻСڣ˵⻰˶뱻ĺܲңࡣֻѩʥʹղӰѩ¥˾ҲڳѲܣǡɸԿɳ֮
ʱգѩʥʹٲԷѹҲɽ˻ᣬ¡
ʥʹҪĪЦȻأֻǴŮ飬±ͼͲ֪
ĪЦ̫ɽУ֮֫háʥʹĶԽ󣬳ЧԽãͻԽࡣϲʥʹڳд֮ʱϵ֮ա
ʥʹΪϢй¶ɱĪЦһ㵣ҲޡʥʹԶɣշ뿪ܿҲйǡڴŮУȡ·иЩ˾鲻վʲôʵƲ⡣˺ֻҪأʥʹˮ
ȡһʥʹ֧֣Ӫ֫hҪӪõλѪɷɱҲǲܡ
ĪЦȥһ˰ٻ¥˼֮λŮ˵ŵһչ̳ˡŮӵȻ㻶ϲóӰʯ֫hõӰ
һ仹ɾ᷿֫hû̱ڴϣŮźӣΪġ
ĪЦ԰źЦȥ
ÿƣڱ˼Ψй֮ʱܸоһ̷ɡȵŮӸָУؼҴȥʳġǧţһ˻ڵؼҡƽȴܰʣ·ʱȴꡣ
һԺ䣬˱Ǿ㴫ĪЦǺþ֮ˣҲŵóǾ㴼ִ˼ֹζˣ˿ڳ
ŮӱĪЦԺˮǰʲôߵĽЩſоˮһͷһĹҲ֪װЩʲôŮӿһ趯һ߶ˮȫעȻδ
ĪЦҴţŮӲëܣ΢΢䣬ƮȻɵĺרע֮ʱǲԾĺЦ⣬ƽӲԸȻͬһС
ſţĪЦζȣֿ޸Ůӣ͸˼ϸ壬ޥĵˡ
ŮģδȴҲϣûһ˿Υ͸С
ֵĲŪоˮɢŨأֱеĹζȥȡ֮˵㣬Žӵһ˦ʱһɨա
ŮЦü䣬Զ֮ľסˮףŻתһ˫ˮӡ
ͣϲã
峺ʢϸ¹⣬û˲ʵ
ѩʥʹջûӿϣȺ
ӣƣΪ𣿡
ѩʥʹعŷСϵдżͣѰӵͳе
ϰԵûаֽͣתط΢ŵһɺ۵֬㣬ɫ䣬ŭȥ¥ݣ
񣬻ײɷСӣĪЦһʱ㱣Щ֪òÿڽ͡
һĹŮѾ뿪ˤԺ䶼š
ĪЦȻڱľУߵŮӷǰ˿ţþ˻Ӧֻ̾ϢһľзſڣȥԺ
ʱŴ򿪣ѩʥʹĹĵľУлøԵĻ쵰ԣһ飬Σ㾹ˣ
뵽ЩʱգʥʹΪϴ߷ѵһóնԴ˭ǸµŮˣôܳԣ¥ʳô󣬱ٹôѳԣʳģгա
ֻǸͷ¶ʳ˼̻ӣ֪ÿնѩ¥͵͵᲻Ϊ˵Ҳ
ԼϳյΨϡж㣬ȥ¥˻졣λƵŮúùȥѰӹŮ޽ƣѩʥʹ֮࣬ҲԼһ˿˿ɡ
ʶôĴϣ£͸ܷܹȥѩʥʹôô򷢵ģ


101 
쳣, ѩʥʹȴûͣľߵһɲǣ˫۶Ȼһ, ϵķŭҲ˼֡
ǰŮӣ֮Ȼ, һ۱ϲˡ
ëϾ, ƻƻǹ⻪ת, ۼ, ɶ칤
ǼıѩʥʹԶ߰֡۹䶾һ۱㿴̺ϹŴϢʮֲ
ϸĦ֮, ǲ, ̺ǿĽ, ʮ, ϰĹһ;о, ׷ֶߡ
ϹĽƣûаƽ⣬Ǽĺʤ, ֪
ı, ϴӺε
ѩʥʹֵİߣеϲ˿ΣĻаգ뵽۵ӵ, ĸо
Ǹо嵭, ֻͷһ˲, ʧѩʥʹְ𽾰СԴߺߵǴмƷζα㲻ƽϣ
ϰͬĪЦ˿ǲʩչʮֺķƫƫʧ󣬸ƣ
Ҳ֣һֱ벻ͣ
޳֮ͽ㻹˵û˼ôǮ߾ˣϹŴܵĽҲ˼ƽ⣬Ҿû˭ôġ˵ģ磬浱ǾӼҹӣŮֻǸһͷɫɫǻ裬ɫϣɫԡ߶߶ΪгŮӴɱһļơ
ĪЦʤţֳһֻŭ⣬һزūģĸ֪ΪԼ룬Ҳÿֻϴʵұʿ֮Ҫôɣ
ޣദʱĶ࣬˽ŮԣԸŭաһ·֮棬ۣͬҲ޳֮ͽôùһ·ϲŮӣͰĻȥˡϹ۲ŷôɫ
Ůһ֪֪Ǳͼָͨ޼طһܣôַܰСϢ˵ʧյѩʥʹ翴İϷۿݣ֣㽫ƣģ·
µĶⴧⲢȫ޵ĪЦȴֹ鲻ϲˣһֱࡣ㲻Ͻñ˽ңǺͼ
˵һңĵ¿ηΣļֱҪ鴤±㹣ŲӷЩС˲һʮСѾͷжУܴҲܴ㣡
һʶĪЦ̨ը΢һܲԻĹŵǿϢ⾹һǿĹûκλʽֱɽĴ֮Сɿʯɿɱɽƾˣ֮С
˻ıɽѵô󷽣ĪЦɫŹ֣ɵôģòӳôֵСڲƭҰɣ
µȻûôġ޳֮ͽ˵һԹŮŮ档ڵǵ˻ɽУһµطҪ˵ˣҲ򴫳вͬ޷
ߵҪʶһСսķаܼӹΰڹʥԴɵ֣ԴۣžƪᲢۡǸϲŮӲǺʲôͨĵط
ǵ˴󷽣Ů֪УĪЦɵڤģƬ̺һεۡ
˵崫УôλڣҪַʽ
ĪЦú۵ˣǸĸӽŮһ˿ַ緶
ϸ롣˱ԲСӣʱ䲻꺢ͯԼŴλ棬ɳȻоٶִżɡƩᵽǸƨһԴףһСŮļʣǸǲŮ
ƣһһӰ룬˵ҲΪȻʱʱˣЩСƢؼʱȴһάԼĪЦҲ̫ĺúġ±ƮƮȻȻɶӣСβѾͣҡڣǵ⡣
ֳ˼ΰ˻ıɽʧܣĪЦҲپᣬһɴ
ոʲô֣
ĪЦͷЦɲ紺ѩڣů⡣
ߵŮվ˫һ˿˿ײĺ֪װģⰵת컪ġ
ߣȷʡҲ֪ΪΣĪЦеĲ˲Ϣʧ´ߴ٣Ѿ˻ıɽŮӡ
Ůӳ˼Ƭ̣һ˫ֲͣãĪЦԺǼԼŮʩչ
ԭǴ󿪴ϵŮʩΪȴշתŲ䣬ʯɽĴּԾȻԵá
ӭ裬ǺŮ뷲Ůһһʽ͸˵ķ
֪䣬ĪЦѲֻвŮӰ֮£ҲŮӵĶŮӵĳзʽթķȻͬĪЦʮɬֻѧδþ衣
ŮҲ״ŻϢ£Խ˻ıɽĳȺƴ⡣ʽܣҲһʼĺʼطе֮УƲ̲һı졣
Ůӿ£ĪЦ类ϣʼ˼·Ů֪ͨһҪʲô
˻ıɽѱĵĿȫǣԭƴطѱСİֱۣһʩչԭ˻ıɽʮ֮һ
ȻۿۣȴҲѧϰط
ѿĿɿڴ۹ȻܹŮһʩչ֮ÿһθĽʹһ
ݹһ´ǧĵ̣Ҳûһλ콾֮ʱͨļ⣬һط޸ĳеѾˣ
һı죬˲µǣֻŮչأ˫
ӦһĴҴδڹżпִ޸һܴЩʱУִ
ĪЦδ˵в¾ΪŮ˷´һ˻ıɽʲôϵˣ
ĪЦĬĬͬ˲µĹ۵㣬ϲ˵ϲӴһףӴ
£
Ҵطֺñˣĺ
¶ٸк·ܵǧƵһţ۶ˡ
ѩʥʹ΢΢ͷѩĶмֵķۺ죬ۼߣ촽һ˿ЦĪЦ۵ס
ͽưؾɡ
ŮӺЦ˫٣һɲ
粨ھף컯飬ΨŮӽЩõɫëɨ˼ء
ĪЦЦݲ֪ʱȻȥޱ
þδӦѩʥʹϡ峺ˮɵɵĶûааͣ˵ʲô
Ʊģȴ顣
ļȻһѩʥʹ΢΢飬Щֱеᡣ
ˣ޷˿ߵĹ⻪Ƥھת
ѩʥʹϰԵĸҷȴһ΢ĴС
겻֪ʱѾܽƮɢ㣬һγ̻¶գȴ糺һƬ
ĿƣѶһָԼȻ


102 
ת, ĪЦǿ̷һűٹ裬ղⵤкβף˿ȴζͬ, ಻ԡѱŮӽõθҲϰⵤζ, һʣűǿѹ¡
ƵһŮ֮͵ķ绪, üȴһ˿ɼĳ, , 𽥷͡
Դ֮ŮӶ̬ת䣬ÿһεʳҲٹӦȲֻܿűٹάĪЦ䲻˵, Ѱûڵյ֮١ԾŮ, ΪҲ޲, ʱô, װǰٶͽк
뿪Ȼ, ûʲôԼ뽫ƴսУŮ̫ɽ, ױ¶ݡ
ֻϵ˰ʵڹ, Ψͨ˿鵽֮ϣ£ա, , ҲܹԤ⡣
ĪЦĵǸ, ŮһֱŲŶӦҲʵڲǸĵӣγԺҲһŻԸȥŮӵ䡣
˹ϵ㣬ֱԲ⡣
˼ת֮ʱĪЦͻȻоһ¡ը죬ȴʥʹ롣
ϢѾ̫ãߣѹ
Ÿһţмλ˾ӽ֮СĪЦո̤оĿͶϣвɱɫ糣ϵʥʹĿбӡ
ʥʹҲûкѣĪЦȴ˿֫h֮£λǰΪħһ¡ħϹħ֮¾ѳһؾ귽ſһΣΨн֮µʿܽ롣˴ħ߿֮ѽʥԴʮӡޣħŵŸϯλ̫ɽҲλǱε˲ţѹüл
ʥʹ˵䣬ĪЦѾڳʮΪ۵סЩɢ޶Ϊֻ࣬ϢΪңûֳ֮С
ɢ޹ӣڵ֮ʱҲԣԽϣսԽͳŵĵᲢۡʮУĪЦоЩӽʵˣΨ
һǵʿʿɫ̰壬Ʋоâ˸ϢɢһΪʵ֮
һǸΪɧĸˣʮͷӣ毺ãﲻ̻࣬¶Ƭѩ׼ϢǴ񣬾Լǹʿеǿߡ
ĪЦȥʱ򣬸˻˸ָۣȣ¶顣
ԴˣĪЦȤ̽ĿƿǸЦһͣĿ𼸷£ɶ࿴ۡ
ʥʹ˵꣬λʿ㹰ֵʥʹ̧Ҳ£ƶԸЧȮֻ֮͡ħؾʸһ£ʥ·䣬ҵν
ʥʹһЦ֪ħʸȻһֱħŵѳ֣ұɢ޵һλʵףȻͣؾ˽лᣬ㲻Щͳſҡħ߿ɢ콾ƾʵõʸ̫ɽƣɢ޺ֹǧ򣬵Ҳڹ֮⡣ħÿֻܽˣȡʸߣΪʿɱˣԿɽħߡѻ֪ȷϢֿᵶУλӻħʸһΪ޼ɣһΪۡλ˴ε񣬱նɱˣȡʸ񡣡
ħؾһЩɢһӶԽӽҪлС²Ϊʥʹ̫ɽУҲԸաһʸɱһΪʥʹˣЩɢ˵ջ󲻿ν
֮ˣ¶̰֮ɫĪЦȴİҡͷоɲ
ʥʹӡ󣬾ʲôĳ֮ԣħʸҪô֮ˣҲӦһȺ֮Ҳħ˽⡣ոշʿԴһ֪⣬ƺһЩӡ
˼ĪЦ˼ֲ²⡣
֮۷׷ףʥʹش˼⣬ֽʱ䶨£ǲɢˡ
뿪ĪЦʩʩȻʥʹƫҡ
֪Ϊν£òΪɼ紷ȣʥʹϣϣΪܡ
ĪЦ˼Ƭ̣ŵʥʹ˷٣ҪЩʲô
ûѯħ֮£Ҳû֫hãֱ⣬ƴ±ԭʥʹĿ¶֮ɫ˵ͷҵûп㡣ѹ꣬ǵһθħ߿¶Ҫʧݣ˴κᵶ֮Уδ˳̫ɽУҲʸɢޡҪʸɢޣҪġ
ĪЦ̾뵽֮ǰ˵Ļնɱӵʸ֮ˣܻȡµʸ񡣶ʥʹ󣬲ǺᵶˣǵӵʸߣǺ޼ɺۣҲ»ʸͬɢޡ
һʥʹ̫ɽȨ֮ˣΪλὫһ֮£һһεĺȻʿ
Ӧ֫hƱؾȲӦпһʮʸʿڶ
㲻ϣʵȴֻһϢʱ䡣ĪЦư֮ɫںӦʥʹģһ˱㹻
ʥʹһЦ֡ʱ˾ӵһλŮ뷿С
Ůʮͣüķ˻δȴּˡֻһڻഺεʱ޶ѹ˼֣Եòײࡣ
ŮãȻɨڳˣĿ񲻼԰ϸֳ־ǿȻһԲϱҪֵļơ
ŮһĪЦĿϲƿ
ŮǾδ֫há
գ֫hƺ˲١ƺ˱ʣҲĥٳ嶯˿вŭȴ̲
δʥʹĪЦ嵽֫hǰһס˫֣ʦ㣬Һ˼
֫hһŭ漴ϳݵɴ˫糺죬һʱ֪ηӦֻУľͷ׮һϣôʱգ㣬㡭
ʹ龰ԣ֫hҲͷС¹ײһ顣Ů˼Уô꣬ȴԴʣʹ컷¡ֻ񣬾ⳡʣÿձ˫֮۾Ů֮£Ϊֱհ㲻ڡ
׺Ӵһʱݵʦ㰲Σ˵ءʦݶʦ㰮Ľ֮ؿɼбֻ֤ʦһĳϣҵ֮պ˫˫ɣóȺ˼£
ĪЦһ͵ӣһס֫h֣а籡
֫hŵûʧɫҲ˲ýߣһѽƿϾǲ˼֮ɫ


103 
ʥʹ˿֫h, ֿ˿ݣҲǺЦĴˣɫ֮һ;ȴ˺Ｑ, ʧ˷ȡǧﱼֻΪһ, еľٶԸж, Ҫ˵δʮѾͷ, Ҫһøɾ㼱, ³ˡŮԸҲĻᱻⷬǿȣֻµõˣҲòġ
ȻŮֻסƬ, ŭҲ, ҲҪ, ҹ
ĪЦƳһʥʹ, Ρ
ʥʹʱ˴ӵ˼ЦͲλɡѾͷΪϲ, ʱѹ˺ϡ
˵գ˾ȥ, ദռ䡣
ȷһ, ֫h˫ȻȴһסĪЦ䣬Ȳʵš
û˵, ĪЦ㽫ᱧ, ϡ֫hΪ, ⧲£˸ᣬ֪
ǰ֮٣˵ԼǴҪòЩαװһӦ뿪ҲΣաѽˣ㣬ѵǰ׺ӴС֮£
Ļֲ̿ȴȻڳһ˿ĵǰʱȿĴ.˫޵伮ܸ߳ʢ޲Ҹطȥ
ƲҲ򲻹˼尾£ѩ׼ĶҪγѪһܻӭﻹݵ
ĪЦǲû첻ףૣʦĪ¡ұʿСڣݴ˷ΪȫΪ˾㣬ʶӣʦҡ
֫hֻӶʼѾ̱飬˫ۺͮͮģҧ´
ĪЦ̾ʦݼ˵ãһλǿ޿κεŮޣľ֣˿
ǰΨ֫h¶ţҴɫ裬ж֫hãжɱʥʹ˿̶ʱ⡣
ʦȻϻۣһͨ͡
ʦ㣬ݴΪʦšȻ̫ɽѴɺͽ⣬²׷˴ѹΪʥʹŮȨȫˣƱزɵʱ죬һ취ӳȥ
˵ϢڲͶһƵĻ档֫hлججĻһ©һ룬ϢԽأɬһƬ
ĪЦҲŮ̵ľˣüд⸡иǾ塣ֻʦǸŮĥ£ݼ˺ʥʹҲǹ¾ս
ĪЦпοҪ˵֫hȴ֪Ӻζһס̵ſĪЦ䣬С
ݣ쵰
ĪЦ̻⣬ḧھ汾ǵնĲµһס
ʦ㣬ЩܾˡӼһұ֪½ΪƣǷΪУĴڣŮǺãΨ㣬ʱöɣɽͣڣפġʦ㣬ֻҪңұΪ㾡С˺겢ã벻
ʥʹĸ֮ʶ̾ݲΪӣǼɫ֮ˣǰһ׻ǾޱȣҲ֪Ůӱʧ.ࡣ
һɫ֮ͽѿء˺ݶ֫hʧ£ҲЩòŮ͸
ʥʹ˼֮ʣѪӰǿӰٶȳ֡
ʥʹᵶ֮׼׵
ʥʹ˵ͷвʧҲɽ̽ݱ֮ǳпܣ㳢£
ѪӰӦ˾䡰ǡѪɷջƵҲħ졣
ʥʹɫʱߵЩҲħȴٳٲ޸ٰãɶϴǽѵûϹͣգҪǴ˻Щ;ͽιƾʻȥħߣ޴
ħʥʹһοħáҲƾϰм΢ĩսɾ͡ҲҲȱ࣬ʥʹǿħ۴й˸Ϊ㲻ǰʥʹλȨأ壬ڶǰ
ħߺεյأȻǾ콾ҲķգҪѪɷǸƥսƽƽԸ޴
ָ˵㰸빣ԸϹ˫ȣĸ޸䡣ȥڽ䣬ұ㽫࣬ħ
ѪӰȴʥʹپƣʶɨڷ䣬СɫѾȲ֫hõ·Ƽ.̣Ҫв֮¡
ʥʹͷȣаܶڻ˼֡ʱнĸݾѵӡ˸ǧеĿཡ˶һ̬֮еٷ磬ѹӣе޹ǣŮӻҪģеаȻһǾ֮ͨ
ʥʹһһˣϣޱȻһ£¶ѩ񼡣ȵȾϼַۺ졣Ѱ಻סһӵϣкһʺů
֮У֫hû̱˫֮ˣп಻ԡ
ĪЦҲﻢ£֮ǰֳԸ񣬴ʱйŮػ֮¡Ψʥʹ࿴˳ӦǰԸһ⿪֫hɽ£ҲһĪչ
ʥʹΪɲ⣬ĪЦУҲδر֤Ůڰпӡﰵʾ˼β£ȴȫ޶һҲûʾ
ʥʹ˽⣬򲻿õ֫hãʱԲĪЦҲ뿪ͲǺɫ֮ͽ湦򻹺ãܶʱõ裬һʱ֪Ϊܲ¶ĳ뿪
ĪЦļ٣ۿ֫hϵ·ҪɾĻŮڻ
ڻҷǣĪЦȴһƬ컶ޡ
ᵶ֮·ͻȻȫ׼һĳﻮɻأνʦȳУֵļλȥûгʳ
˼ȴȻ֪Ůһ˫̲ӣһգգĶ
֫hôҲû뵽˻ַʽٴ°ܾĥȿ伮˱
ֻϧΪ⣬ãΪ֮ʱһˣȡΪʦţҲЩõŮޣǳÿ̫ԭǸģ׺ӴС檹죬㱻Լ˵ݡ
ǧﱼΪյأ֫hӦúܸжݴ˷Ϊɼ𣬱ǻ߳˺ܼ޸˭أ
۵ֶаûУ֫hΪһǹġ֪һж˶Ŀȴǰѿ
ѾˣӾȤ
ŮǵУȫ飬ƫƫ˺֫h÷ŭ֮࣬Ҳһֲį
ڵĻڣÿһÿһ붼ǼڻϿ֫hеѴﵽ۷壬߷ȻһҧĪЦ°͡
Ѫڿʣ֫h޶ֿ⡣ȴ϶ϴһϲĵʦȻֶΣ˱
֫h˶ƿۼոջֵݣ˿̻һŭΪ㸶ô࣬׽ű˵֣ںεأˣȫޣʰ㣡
˵Ȼȥͽ֫hһҡ
һܳѹĪЦһĨ˰°ϵѪܵ˴һţס˫۵ĴൽǰݺݵΪβʾѵ뿴ҸʦЩʲô
˫צ޿ĿһĪЦ۵һ˳
ĪЦһҿÿû۹䡣ֻǺ걯ݣ߿࣬СĿľ˵˳
֮ĪЦҲΪԤϵʥʹ֫h׽ǰ˼Ȳٻĸй֮£ûʱ
֪ˣҲڸ֫h÷ôáʦݼտḻѵƣ
ĪЦٸ죬ˣԸݼļѣʦǰ̫ۡŶʦݼľ֮ģĪЦһЩƷײĹ˴ʳģĸϻؼҡ


104 
ѹ, ˿ң¹ڲŮ˫ȣüǹ֮ɫȫ, ʧȥ˹˫Ŀǰʧȥ˻, ͬż
ֻɴʥʹ첽ͣŮǰ, δɢü, °㶢ŮϸϸͿ
峺, üεıӣ۵ĺ촽һŰƴĹ, ɾϧ, ľչ, ɽһٲǱ֮, Ҳδɫ֡
ʥʹ̫ò׵Ů, ҲòϣŮ˳Ů˵ķϣȴʧΪһعˡֻʮ, ģûг, 㶯ˣպҲ֪ĽݵҲѹݻΪ֮տ
ʱ˿ֿ̣־, ߷Ů, һķ, ҲֻǶ˶ӣ޷Ӧ
սŮѹʱ˫Ŀްǿģٿ⸱ʬ̬ʥʹӲҲ˼ꡣ
Ӷౡ飬ܾ裬ѿ͸֡Բϧ۵Унճɾ͡ӿԺǧô׳Ⱥӿ壬ôʱ
ȻΪȴŮǧﱼҲ֮١ĹȻ֮ǵܳãǰɫ֮ͽʸһ뿪տΪ֫h֮£ձΪŮһΡ
ΪеŮӣԾˣУĲһ
ʥʹ֫hݵ°ͣΥĶһ˿
𣬴˺Ҳݵˡӷԣסģ㣬Ը˿ȸΪ˽.̣Ӳڽ£
֫hü䲻ɿƵĳ鶯£Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһֱʲ˫Ŀ˿ˮֹ̣ס
СҾԣĸֳ谮һɻȻţܾά츳ףУٶȾˡ֫hԾʦľ콾ҲӲԹͷĵĳɳ
ʣֹ̿ȴҲŵӵĽϵͷЭһһľຣݣǰԴеĽʧǣҲ᲻һ˿Ը
Ů飬ȻֻǸŮޣ֮·ϣ̣Ƽһ沨а°ߣֻ̣ܳܿʥʹ˴ֻܴϲϲ·ӭһ˰ڲҪֻܱǰ棬ûܾ
֫hֻں޵û̫ԭ֮ԣúУް취һǱ
ݹȴҲûпǹĸܣΪǵĶáȴֻǰΪа֮һѡ
Ϊ˽.Ը̣Ψǿ󣬲ſպǧΡܲӳ˵أ֫höԸһͨµҰףȫȻ޴棬˿̵ͨױȵļᶨ
ʥʹԣȴŮ֫hʥʹ˫ķһһ˵ԸһĴʥʹԸΪͽ
ʥʹо˸ЦⰻȻĵ㲥Ůû뵽Ҫ󡣴˿ԽŮԽϲ鲻ԽΪħޣѧħ˺һΪȻݣ㵱÷ħŵͳŵĿׯ
ʦŲԸȣΪҶĿҲȻ߲ͨȻΪΪִţ
֫hüᶨ⣬ʥʹЦħѳɣΪᣬ㵹ǸĺӡһΪʧȥ̫࣬ϥ޶ŮԸһĸף
֫hõԾ´齣ڵأеĻһ䣺
һߣŮкᣬţĽĿǰϵŮˡֻ򵥵һ֣˶ᣬٶʦŵʧݴ̼ĿεжģΨ֫hԼ֪
ʥʹ˿ǧ»ͷβһ̾һŮزۣ˺֡
ѩʥʹѻҲ֪ΪʲôǸŷģϲˣҶأˡ
뵽մϵ֮٣ѩʥʹίˡУǸ࣬ʳ˼̻ӣû˸ᱡռ˱˻ǸϣȻһƵӣȡһ
ѩʥʹ߷Ȼ㣬ǿɶĴϣѹͷòܽͷ֮ޡ
˹ȻһУҶأ϶ȥ¥Щӹ׷죡ǼղͰ಻ס׷ң룡
ĴŮڴˣǶĸ֡ϣǵ¥ţ
˵ܹ֮ߣҪϰĴڣȻñֶҵĺġû뵽ִɵŮӵֶλ٣ҲŲϵ
մϾòˣѩʥʹȻΪȥ¥ǻزˡһӲˣõľƶһߴãһ߳ϳԲʳһģдΪ泩
ʳ¶ǣѩʥʹ᲻ˬı齥ȥȫڡôôţʲôô찡ôôˣһǸŮĴϻûпڸһȥɡҸжС
֮һͺ㣬²죺첻ůůʳ糤ҹ
ĪЦ߽լԺԺ֮еʯԣλ۵緢ӳⷽ٣Բѡ
ĳ֣Ůӻһ˼תͷһ˫˵Ĵ۾ɲǼ
㵣߷ߣͣ޷ţһжǻþôơ
ĪЦû˭ϣḻһʱҲԭأ˫̿ҪЦֲЦʮࡣ
һɨգĪЦֻǰŮӿɰˣ˵нӵ
ѩʥʹɵʯϣ㻹ϲµľٹͷҲ֪ж޴
Ǵ֣һŮ겻֮Ů޷ΪŮĴڣ̫ɽʵȨʥʹս֮ףδ춼Ҫˡ
е£ѩʥʹһƬңά˶һ֮ҷ𡣷·ִܲӲվӣװûпһߡ
ĪЦϷŹЦŨһס󣬵ԭůů
ҳһţѩʥʹû˦ֻ֣ϻ̣һĶǺûӵĴܸС
ʣеĳЦƺûг֣ϼů⣬ʮ˳
ůůһЩ£Ҫȥһʱ䡣գԸҺһٷ
ůůѩʥʹֱȥҲûйѩʥʹһỽ䣬ŲȻһ١
еƺŨ˼֣бĳһûɵЩġ
㣬Ҫȥʲô
ãʵ
ĪЦ룬ԸЩǷǷ˵ŮݸһЦ᲻صĿ˸ЦûǮˣҲȥ׬Ǯôң
ͷһƬƮƮĺëӹѩʥʹⲻ֪ʱ֪Ϊ˱ӻԼ긶˶١Ҳ֪Լܸһ֣ˮӰһնѡ
ǳԸѣβԸ


105 
һò, յˮԷ˸˼˭û˵
ƹѲ, ˹ζвʳ, оˮĪЦŮԶĿ⣬ժ, һƬ
, ޷ǳԱů, ؼԲȻԸĪЦȴ
֪Լĸĸ˭Ӽ¿ʼ, ʹڰյѵС˸, Ҫȥ, ҪͣӮ, ûʸûѣû, ûϲˣ߳ѪȣҲϰöⴧˡֱһ, ֪Ҫѵ, ҵŮȻӵб˷ܶӶòĸ
мүӸµһб඼Դм, ǸߴߴΧ, ʱ, ʱϸŮӣһĴֻǷһߡ
ΪмΡ֮췭ظĸı䡣һУκѶͷֻһȫȻͬ磬ͷ֮ˣеЦݱ󣬶߷־裬ƣ˽Ψֳ©̽䡣
۶ǿˣܻôһ˿¶һΪΣǰֻ֪Ҫñ˶ǿǿȥסִ˵Կףͷ⿪е⣬Щ˺˵õӦеĳͷ
լԺŮӣȫµ顣ԭʼһԭһ˶ûвͬ޷һ
ƶֵһƲˣһ飬ƣΪ֮ǻˡۣѾԻջԻͣţһݡ
ӣ˵ѰĪЦԣ
һжǰλŮӸġ
Ϊ˱ǿѸ̫࣬ͣ½ŲҲΪ˱ǿԹĿ࣬ĲҪһٴӮȥ
ʥʹ˼ûȫȻ͸ȴҲо̽ԼҲδǶ˰ŵ˼Ҫ£
һ츳׵ħŵʿܴĺôνࡣһŮ˳ϵ뻢ıƤ
լԺ£ʥʹûв鵽ûзʣΪɵһᵶ֮һˣŮδ֪
ǰһܲ˰ˮŮ츳ԽܶǿһƶĲرֻҪԸ⣬һֱĪô
ɴʱ˿̣Ů¶ķۺ켡־ִ٣뿪ֲĵӣĪЦͷһƬ
飬Ӽߣȴϸ£ɰ֮Уδȥӻ
ɽҰ֮Уһޣѩƽͬʺ
棬̫пᣬ˶̫ӡ
ŮˣӦƽһ
̫ɽ£˿ѩʥʹȴ·ҹ֮Сǡ¹ƿƣ£ˮ»ϣ۶մȾˮĻ⡣
һԾɵĳ˿ѳʣʤѩˣһմˮбϴӳʯ
ͬ칬ĵĽʫƻһɱ˵Ȼǹ˵ϢüۣմȾЩ;µϸ塣
ʯɣٽӡ
ǰ㡣
ʯ䡣
޶
˳ϲҡ
ѩʥʹĿⲻþòԸ뿪͸˫峺б⣬ƺĵ׵ĲɣΡ
һ׿ԽɣλǧƣУ
Ϊ̫ܳˣƲˣΪ̫䵭ˣģ
ѩʥʹЩھΣЩϧ
ʼϾͻʮ̳ºլÿʳҲǾƷֵơ䲻֪һȻŵСӣԵӵ˲ƸʱδǿȥԸ֮¡ȱʲôӱʲôӲ̫࣬²Զ˲СĴϣرһбﲻԸ˵
ϸסʳҲͶұҵ󣬰Ƿɲ֪ΪΣȻд˼ְ˵ı飬Ͳѹ
㣬ǲ˵ʲô
ѩʥʹ֪˵仰˵ͺˡ
Ķô죿ѵҪܾȥ˺һ
ֻǸʿ츳жǿжʥͬһѩʥʹԼҲԸ¼޸һꡣ
Ѳóȥӵ¡֮·пᡣӢųΪһδһֱȥһʼسʸ֮ģǺ
ȷδ̫ݵദǸ߲һ
ĪЦûдŮǰûڵ񣬺ʲô£ָʶĽеɰ
ӦлҪ˵ӦкܶҪɴʱ˿̣еȵŮӣ롣
ĪЦһЦüȻһɨգһӣ̳ƾճ֣ԺľƸ׸ƿŨˮƻӿ̳ӣƬ̾
ĪЦһ̳ӵݸŮӣһ̳ƴڴڵʹ
ˮ˫£ĲһӨˮա
գĪЦȥһЩն֮Ժһ˵⡣
գƣмˣһƽСѣٹ¶಻㯡
ǱգѩʥʹҲٽ飬Цӿ֣Ҳͬһһ̤ʯϣž̳ʹ
ԺΨо졣
̳ƾ϶м⣬˭Ҳû˹ɢƾ⿪ۺ컨꣬մȾˡ
ÿնдѩʥʹѾǵԼһǺ£˿ӿ֣ȴױȵ⡣
Ǹ߸ϣµŮضżΨ֪ǸԻ˿ֻǸһľƿͣԷݣ
һѽ̳ˤ飬ѩʥʹһӣԺеĴƸױУ쾱𣬾޴ƸеľˮһĴ䡣
ĪЦЦҲͬһǾ޴Ƹףţ
ŮģĺáĪЦ׾ˮѾƮƮȻŮȶɽһ̲ͣںȡ
Ǻʤģֻ߲ԸŮһ˶ĪЦǿٴξףȹʣµľˮ
ػ㱣ʡĪЦǰδԺƺвµȥ˿ûа˼
ƾűܣһߵŮߣļûе
Լ䣬ƺŮӵһૡ֣˵ôȴû壬ŮӵĻֻϸ꣬ιܿʧȴĲ׽֡
ϡ
ĪЦǲ롣˵̫࣬˵Ļ̫ʢ˵Ը˵һ磬Ȳһâ˵
֫hýӣŮҲϡ
Ųĺأ
ɣվվȣȴ糺ѬȾøˡվ绪˫ˣüģһ㲻һƺܡ
ѩʥʹԾ̧֣븧ƽüġ
һֻȾϼ֣çײס֡ѩʥʹһҪջأΨľٶ
ԥһ˲ͽЩ΢ַڹϣüչֵӡ
˺̬Ƕˡ
̫ɽУѩʥʹСĿȾӴııϵµթУȻԸ֪ϲ⡣
һλȫ˳֣ѩʥʹ˵ʲô飬ȴҲûг֡
ֻƾ豾ģȥʹࡣ
ʩΪϵƺ˼֡ǰʱҪӣȴָ˼
ĪЦŮӵָϽ£ã֮࣬Ҳ˼̹ȻദʱƺѾϰŮӵĴڣһЩܵľٶҲ֡
žʹԴ룬װһʳĺͽ̳ĴŮУѾ˽ɢ߰ɡ
Ȼ˵벻δΡѩʥʹԣƺ仰Ǵ˵


106 
ǰ, ĽΪҪҸߣ
ѩʥʹлǧ룬ʵڲ²͸롣
հѾԻʵһչʾ, ΪỶϲһõĻ, ˺ȻҲ
, ǺĽԼ, н·Զ, 쳾֮⣬ʲô£ΪʲôҪô
ѩʥʹֻңƽͷһ, оã
ĪЦָ, ҪһͰ¼, ҪȥԼ, кڰȴ
ѩʥʹ֪, ããȻ峺ѲԨ̶һߡ
绪, ˾, ѩʥʹûɵʹ
ã˫Ŀ΢죬촽, ڲ뿴𣿡
ĪЦָһ, һ˿ɡ
, ȷʵй뷨뿴ŮӰٰڣװ£Ǹķ羰ŽӴ뷨֪ʧˡ
ŮǳĿǣʲôˣΪǰ㱾ȴ˹£ƺѲҪ
ˡĪЦһЦвᣬҲǴδйů⣺ʵͿһ۷壬ΪݹǡѾûлͷ롣˺δټ㡭ΪޣΪĸ޽⣬粻ԺֻǵãһλůůŮӣһңҶȹһõʱ⡣㣬㹻
㣬㹻
ѩʥʹθ
꣬ҲûпΪʲô˿ѹ·Ƿ̫̫࣬þһҲ޷
䣬ں쳤ؾãֻںӵеĳնмˣ
ϧֻǸʿϧ̫ᣬϧҲɼ޷˴һŵһЩ΢ΪҲӵ԰һвͬ
ϧû
ڳһԼ꿪ȸԾ֮ˣûа취˵ĳŵ
ǧ࣬ѩʥʹĿ۵ףʵ㲻𣿡
ʲô
ǰߣǲ
ĪЦӻۣ˼ʱҲܳŮӾĵĵţƺһ˿Լ
ΣĪЦҡҡλָԼң¿ˣͻڡˡԣòã
ѩʥʹЦˣܲ˵Ž޿κεĽʯãϸϸȥϵı˺ǡʲôѣҡ
㣬ȥأ
ĪЦ˦˦ͷŮǰΣƵվһƨ£վվˡ
˰ΣŴӴУرóլԺŮӡ
˵ռŮһͬլԺΪǵ£صظһǰĪЦϲܽմȾŮϢΨ֮ܵŮ뿪ϡͿľͰͳȥˣظˣ
ѩʥʹһ£ʮĺլˣ굽ˡȥȴ㶼ˣҶûˣҪƵطʲô
ͷ·ʲôһ£ѩʥʹ˲¡
ƽ£ˣ¶߷־ִȡӼûСǿԣԸһլԺÿ飬һˣ棬ѹۣѾԻ˱Ҳ֪㡣
ʥ˵Ĳ㣬״ˣ츳ɾԶֹ㡣ÿմżίߣΪ治ò㣬Զ˵ľУıֻһ˳ܣΪʲô
˵棬ˣ޿ˣѳڲãݽ档ǵԸҪ
ԸܲҪ
ЩʱգǱͣ˵أǸԼҸأ
ˣӦкܶ෽ˣΪʲôû
˵⵱ɼңֺûй뷨ĳһ˲䣬ĳһʱ̣Ƿ糾͵ңԺϰƷԼķˣʱԼȻһûأ
ҴһطΪпڣƽĻҲԱůʡҲΪ˴ڣԿԺ˼ûκΰ۹⣬Լ¡
һֱֻѰ
ΪԼҪˣԼҲûдڵıҪˡڵĵطΪңѷǵİ顣
㺣ǡǡԼҲС
ѩʥʹǿԼҪȥ룬Ȼ뿪Ժôȴ·֮ãֱ󷨿һſʯϣ۾뿪ϣҪεꡣ
ϣʲô
ĪЦ
ֻ˵֣ǳ޵Ĵ
ѩʥʹ׽֣ҡͷ
ĪЦĪЦΪʲôЦأֱ͸һ˸С
δ˵̫ɽǿ鱨׷飬Ĺɽ鲻ˡοȻУΪ׽Ľá
˵ȴ̽еĲɣ䡣
ܰаһЩ·
ѩʥʹһƬ̹ȻĪЦûκ˽飬˴УȴһƬ档֪ܷط꣬հѾ֮
˲ʤǧ飿
ٴοһԺд˯꣬ѩʥʹ΢̣ٲ
ˣĪЦ֮ͷѣ˹ãŻЩ
ǰ̰ΨֲѱǽС΢֮ʱⷬǿٵͷһ⡣
ǾϻմȾŲ͡ĪЦ÷ֽϴһ飬ſʼյ׷ʲô
ԺŮӹ֪ȶЩ˺ʲôǵˡ
ĪЦ£ҿŮûд⣬ٲһ䡣ŮӣҲȳ
լԺ֮УŮӰŻ㱻𣬺ŮӸˡ
һǿҵʧкͷ˿ģƶʲô֮
ָоҲֻͣһʱ̣㽥ȥ
ΪϣŮӾЩǷǷУΩԸһƽϲ֣Ҳʱİ
Ȼ䣬оͷһתͷһȴ״°ͶĲ¡
̽ѰҲйŹ֣ĪЦĪ㿴ʲô
̾Ϣһ޸пû뵽Ҳ˵һ졣ǰȻӣҶжˡΪֱַɡ
ⶼʲôʲôĪЦûĻͶȥĿ⡣
²ΪܣǸ˵̬ոŮӱˡ
ĪЦ˸ۣȻƣҲĵ
ֵŮӵ֣˵Ѿ˽ɢҪ𡣻˵˺δټ㡭ΪޣΪĸ޽⣬粻ԺֻǵãһλůůŮӣһңҶȹһõʱ⡣㣬㹻ⶼ㰮
ĪЦæĻҲмֻ֣̿ôһ˿˿ƬΣǶŮ˵ʲôϸ룬ģ
㲻Ҫ⣬ůů˽顣
Ҳѧ˺ôһۣҲ֣㲻ᣬҪҪܾˣ˵ˣҶûˣԲˣ˾ͻڣ᲻ˡ
㲻ҪſڿӡĪЦǿһͨ졣ȻŲԣȴ־Ǿ仰ġŮˣȷʵûˣȴһ˿ӽ
ѵ˵ֻ
ǲǶˣ
»ת۾Ц⻹ֹ㻹լԺ͸ˡʮ̳ĺլ˵;ͣȻǴСɾ
ĪЦ˼ţƣҲڰլԺˣӴȡ˿ָоסһһҲӰ
ĪЦ׻Ǳһ޶ΣסĿڣʵʣ඼۵һһġ
լԺҪ黹͸ůůһ飬ζԼԽլԺʮûˡ
ͳ֮ģܿû˵ٻĶůů˵ֻ£
ö˶һδ꣬һĻ䣬ôһ֧飬ĪЦҪŵߣֱԶԡ
ůůοǲΪͼǰ˼ŮӣȻȻůůͬҲӦָ顣
ĪЦԸ֮²˽⣬¶УζУǸůůǾһԺ䣬ճϢʱѾƣʱˣȻƽȴҲ
뷨һðĪЦһæҡҡͷǵ㲻ʵʵһңΣգðŽЦУһƵĻط


107 
ᵶһü, ĪЦڳоƹݲ¥΢̽õ˲鱨
ᵶŽڰǰһλɢв, Ԫλᵶʦ㽨, յӣһС
Ū, ᵶʦֱ, Ҳûһλӵɻĵ, ᵶѸ٣ΪԶĽɣ, µӹϸ, һʱͷ, ˽ڳ, ֮Ϊͥ
ᵶʦֻһƽƽйʮ, Ȿˡһ
˱Ǻ޼ɺۡ
˳΢ҲӴţĽᵶ, ¡츳߾, һ;ǱôֵĹ˶̶䲻ܸͳŵ콾Ტ, ɢ޽, ȴǷë, Ʋš
ᵶҲ˲ٵͽɢޣ꾭ӪʽΪĩšвʿϰ䷲аˡ
ᵶȻչѸ٣ڴй΢ԲܸСᲢۣǺ޼ɺۣڵΪ
ĪЦ֪εõħߵʸ񣬲Ҳ⡣ǺȻŵӣǲϰħħħؾдӦħйأ
һĪЦʮλɢһͬʥʹṩķзᵶš
ɽ
ɽϰϰˬˡ
ɽ֮Уһ޽ΪĽȺſһѵεľʯУ侭ʴϴԲıơ
ᵶǰһȺͯڻˣЦ಻һλһЩģЦźͯ֡
δһΪɰŮͯǱһѣһƨڵϵˮУԲԲ˲ӿᶹȴǿĳٳٲ¡
ƵŮͯкҲ˾ӣӵʱ򣬼Ůͯ㣬Ц
ŮͯĻ£˫ֲϱ仯һâֱͯš˶Ȼ󾪣һͯǰǵâּ仯ȥɢڿС
ıʣͯҲŵһ԰ףһƨڵϴ
Ůͯ۾״۸ң
һȴûŮ˵ϴŮͯ˵˶ٴΣ䲽ţҲöԷ㲻ܹպγ򣡡
Ůͯ۵һĵŤӣ·ί
һͷҪŮʵһʱԭأ֪Ǻá
ƮһЦһת˲һλò׵ʿЦһѽŮͯСԴֿ̰壬ֲǲ֪ùͷʲô
һͮͮǺ«ǰƣŮͯﻹ˵ᣬʱüЦǺ«ϲ̵ĳ
ҡҡͷضӣ治֪Ǻǻ
ضǸӣÿձѵýȥȻɩɩҲͦã⣬𡣡ʿŮֺͯǺȥһԣЦſڡ
˿ЦǵͷŮȥĴ壬һŻأǸŮΣᣬΪ˵Ҳ
ʦܣȥ̫ɽУǲ鵽ʲô
ʿЦʧ̾˿ħ߼ɽĸżȻõʸ񣬲£˴λʦһͬȥһܷͷ
˴һȣ
ʦ֣̫ɽУѻϢʸ֮Ѿй¶սۺᵶš´ʱУӦ
ô˻ݳˮҪ˵ЩʲôͻԶһＲ۶̧ĿԶʱȻȵɽ󣡡
֮ϣĪЦڷԶԶͣںᵶ￪⣬н֮ϣڶʿ̸һ֮
ĪЦһԣȺӵˣ롣
ΪҲû˼һλС̸Ҳֵ徲ᵶѪȷ֮ĪЦ̾Ϣ
汾ͲпᣬᵶµŲ֪ʤ߿ܣ;Ӧд˾Ƕİûʲô֮ͬ⡣ֻЩɢޣսǿй㲻ǰø̵֮⣬δ档£ֶº޼ˣŸԥ֮ʱ룬һ˿ܡ
ֻ΢ᣬɢλհҲ顣
˴жʱȺں֮еģ㿪ʼĵã߻ٲȻͽ׻ֳ
ĪЦȻóЩɢαףʵ̽ʵݼ׾ӣЦ
ʱ´ɻΪʸ֮ģǼȣ˵иǿƺᵶŽߣһʱձ鷳ơ
ǼϮĪЦüͷһ壬ʶȥĿһ޸˷ֵĳû뵽ᱻ㿪һʱЩûˤȥæֹסΣһĹŹơ
ĪЦֳԱŲŲ֮룬ϰʲô̬棬ǿ󡣡
޸.ɧɷ˫ŭһţȴת˲չЦһƨĪЦߣֱۣСι䵭ѵʲôˮޣС𣿡
޸ķ飬٣ⶼǰǲӿʱĪЦ첲˫Ǳ̲ǧ꣬ǡ
ĪЦ򴽣˵ЦˡұʿξˮޣֻǵͣʤƺˮޣܲʵĻ֮Ʋ˼ȫޣ֮ˣѴһȡ
òĶ죬Ȼϲ͵ģҲΪΪҵ޸˴û˲飬񶾵СӣʱıӶˡ߷Ȼɿ첲Ťž޴βȥ
ĪЦپ徻ı޸ֱۣҪȥʲôණһ
һĻҲΣ޸ɨݺݵһۣɱ֡
¿棬ҿŮĻмɫҲùȥͶͱѵ룿
ƨ
ĪЦĪۣµ߶
Դ֮ƺȤԳԹϣʲôŮ˸ýЩҪƷһ
ǵֻŮǣĪЦһ̣֮࣬Ҹԣתע
ҿѳֵסҿŮ߰ʮӣһħΥͣ˥ʢҪǿʢ˻Ԫδʧа˵Ǵ֮
ò֮ԣĪЦü㵹ǼǺ꾫ǲǶ


108 
Ƭ̺, ĪЦΣ´, Ƥмץۣǰ·ϸѪ, ٲȻһģ
Ҷˣʵڶ, ûðע
ĪЦ֮, ֻǼնݲ, ἰůů֮£ᣬֱֻܴǳ˻ҩ, ˭뿪ڡû뵽겻, ˵ѹ
ĪЦһ, ԾǸ֮, ξͲһƽϡҰοƬ̣Ŀ, ϥˡ˶ʱ㽫ץ˼
ʶɨ, ڴƳ, ᵶս죬޺ŭ쳹аһϦ֮¾, Ƿ˻ʿ, лǶͯ, ʬ嵹һƬѪҺСӣʡ
ǧӰϿ裬նλʿڰաĪЦüһȴλȲʿ󵶣ȾѪһλʿһѾʵŮͯ
Ǻ޼ɺۣ
ĪЦóʹõıƷ׶ôߵķʩչҲûжྫֻƾһս⣬Ӳķ似ϣҲмƣЩʿ⧲
Ϊʿ޹΢Ϣв紬ЩҷΧºᵶŵʿ˳£˲һʱȻܡʱڶʿһӵϣл֡
ĪЦٲɣһķɴ˷Ӷֱ庫޼ۡ
һ뿪޸Ҳɫһ䣬
кûȻ֣ʿɫʱȥ޸ΪҪһ㣬ǸŮ֮꾭ӪɢȦһЩȻΪж
񣬾˲̣ܽ˽жʿƤҲסʱȥڳʸ֮ģȻס
ʿͣʿɫŻ⼸ֻ֣趢ս֣Ҫ©٣ۺ˵֣ʮ֮´Ҳ練ƣ
δ䣬ʿϵɫδˣг⻪£޴նأ
Ϊõʿֱӱǵ⻪ն࣬ոջά̸ЦһɢӴܡ
ʿȻֻһĲЦ֮Уֳ֡ƾն˫ĿëΪ죬һἡ⼸ըѣĿͻ࿰ޡ
˵أڽӹˡ
һȺ׼ɢ齨Ŵʿ׳ֶͥκݶ²ɽ˵ö֮а˿̣Ⱥʿﻹ壬֮ϴţһһݵʿʩֶΣ޲ƨɵܵĸһЩ
Ӽܣŭһȣּͽʿץǰв˰ȥͷ­
һֿʿĸεѣ𣬽ʿ
Щûоͳָеɢ޶ԣ羳ս졣ʿû뵽нʿ£û١
ȻǽȫҲδһʿҲǹ֮ˣ̴ȵ˶࣬δزУλն´ⲣ
û˻ӦʮʿսսһĵķϴΨõˣһľԼ
ۼոջΧάĵǣ˿ΪʿңԮȻûս־ֻܷϴڻ
ɢޱͲףʿĲһΪУбʹҲŭ⡣
ƾʲôһˣ٣Ǹʿ޸ȴûаʧǶǲħͷڣǶǸһ˿ѣǰδûӳĿܣ
ŭͷ𣬶򵨱ʿһҧǰǰ֪
֣ĪЦûʱᣬֱ庫޼ɺ۱ȥ;ʿֶλɱ
ֻΪǰǧɱ˼ͳĺȻԶЩȵɢ޿ȡһ֣Ѫ岽ɱУ˷ʤ
ĪЦΪû뵽һЩڵʿҲӱһϢ֮նɱı졣
Ůһ·ǰУȴȡûж֣Զľ룬ĪЦǰ·ɡ
ĪЦǿϳԿܹһλʿɱУһߣʿ㲻޸˳ȥĪЦҲֻȥ׷ˡ
޸ɷ˫ֳצץסˣ˷ӿ䣬ѪɫĽֱӱ˺أ׹С̵ָѪҺ̧ٿﻹСʿӰӣ
ʢ֮ˣƽδ׽㣬ɣ˺ų죡
޸ͷȣһ볢˶ʢӣζΣ֮ǲ࣬Ҳ֪ܰ϶ʱ
ҪȥѰ꣬һǿϢٱƽһëȻ֮С
޸д󺧣Ҳ˲תؿתȫע˫㣬ҲƵӴܡϢӰΣƬ̾תǰ
ǸĿªħͷϢ֮ǿСߣǴӵʮʿһħͷհӡòޱϤǸոͬ۵ɢޡ
ɨ޸˵һۣѿаЦøƯСƤ˵
޸ƽƽܻڣһΪȫ顣±ףȺɢֻ˴вȣΪթԼϡ
ʿҪ׶ţֻЯϵĶ࣬ҲܾģĿһתƴ
ǰ֪һһСƭȥƭƭɫڻԡҪѰָ˵ǰϰң˵ЩūңҲǿġ
޸ȻڱסòѩظһӲëͨҲ治ɫרһܹԡ𣬶괸£¯ࡣ˿ȻʩΪΪ𵤵Ӷ˼ѬȾĿԽȡ
һ䲻ҪȴǶǷ֮ɫĿתа𣬺иɬ
ӱħޣ°޽ɣûпƹһסŮӣκݺץһѣЦԵá
СƤҪ£ҪҸһɣ˺úźң˵ûЩ
޸ɫǸжüĿ飬Ͳڿ½˹͵ؽӸΪġ
ʿɢǿĴԵɫӲض֮࣬ҲԼͶԱ
ôǾͱȥһҵֵ⸾ˣ仰ɫܺŪȥôû
Ȼ֪һ֮ȫԱѱ䣬ˮֱĪЦ˿ɽдмۣȻԵĺ޼ɡ
´ˣ
ʱʿΧþֶνҪ֮ʱȻѡԱʿԱ壬ĴһˡʿɫãӳԶĪЦûȥδüԱɹӴΣ׵һˡ
ϧʿϷŹ׷ᣬΪΧץŴһ·ƫԶɽء
ӰĪЦв׷֮ԽԽ٣˿һѽӵϣֱˡ
Ų֮ԣһڣڣϢӣӦˮƽߵɢޡ
ĪЦԴ̤龳һֱû浶ǹĴһůůѧϰҲûлʩչ˿սӿǧ
ˣȻ򲻹˴ˣҲɲ³ֽûκκ֮ǡ
ĪЦ˿Ȼǵãղнǧٱ飬ϲⶾƣ뽫֮ΣӵĶ뷨ֻóȫ޹˼ɣһսʹ졣
ǣ˭
ǰʿǺЦ˫Ŀâҫ̰̩Ȼݵ÷·ƿȫ֮ˡ
жгɣһʱûð
һϢǵЦݾͽסˡ
ĪЦԺ֮Уֻ½һૣֻǸĺ꾫꾫ʲôأ㻹Լɡ


109 
д, ĪЦҲ΢ĩУܵסλʿΧµȻԼȥĵУԼޱ, ֮ʱٳҲǲܡ
Ҫħʸʿ˳ʥʹУһ·ǧ, вͿʧܣûв, ǲʱ˵֫hþȲ, Ҳʥʹʧȥֵ, ˵ûҪŮѩʥʹĴȥ
˼ĪЦһҧɫ˲, ֮ʹ
ǰؿ, , 츳׿, ʵǰ޹, ߣĺ꾫ۣ羴֮ͬϽˮ಻ֻǰ, ʵңǰ, ˺Ҫúù
Ȼҵ츳ůůΣ
ůůͨ, ƽ, Ȼǲ, ڴ˵֮ҲԳԽ˿ˣĪЦֻΥĵǰ츳ʵƽӢţ޽УʤǧΨϵܹȻҪǿ
˼֣鲻ӣҵòΣ
ĪЦòΪڵŮӡ˱ůůݹݣɫϣϣûܱȵ֮ʱµȻڵգ˿ѷ
ĪЦϣǹάǰò֮ϣȻ飬칤֮δ֮ˣӴˣΨǰգ
һһڸԴ⣬ĪЦһ񲡵ħʱݣʱģֱ޳֮ɫ
λʿʱסǲ˴ʿûʲôܴڣʱЦ
޷ԾһʶƣλĪҪǰ˴£
Ҳ֪˭ȿ˵һ䣬һӵϣзϣۿҪĪЦͱѡ
ߵ꣬ͻȻоâҫһǿϢѸʯ䣬ſնɱ˵һһӣɻ⡣
δӦɫ⻪ӶѸײڶֱ֮ţֱһ˴ɫδȥԺɳ֮е
´ĪЦ̨±СӴС˫ۣһģĪЦһмǱơ
òһ뱻һɽ˵ôα֮ԡֻǸԲСֺ꣬ƭֵСⱻԲ
²֪ĪЦбԼֻʤ޳֮ͽһΣƷĲˣڵ˴ֻɢޣҿмʿϢҪЩжʿأ鷳ˡ
ĪЦüͷ壬ħҪʿΪʸ֣
֪;ʱ̫̣ʶ٣˵ҪСκؾ飬ʿѰ;طһԱеĶأ֮пܾϴӣΪؾȻããԿȫòؾҲǴǡؾɽӡֻؾ֮УʢǵѰõĵرشУطϢУż档ؾʱԽãǿԽħſһΣڷ֮ʱħ߿˺Ϊ޷УܽȥǧСĽؾдΣвҪ̰ġ
ĪЦȻʡ֮ǰΪħؾֻħУû뵽һ۱֮ءˣ㲻ܴħߡ
ѾӦʥʹʵѰ졣
±Ψһһ
ѸٽλʿĴѹߣĪЦץԾɻԵĺ޼ɣȥѰһ֮
֮Уһ۵ɽڣһȾѪߣϥָơ
Ťؿ˼󶴣ɫήҲٲȻһҪӡϵϢȴʮʵ
һѪΧЩ˺ۣϡ
Σ۾֮ɫһš
øŮˣϷЩΪ޸ٵ伮ȫȻ˾飬ҪˣϷҲ飬ֻѧħ䣬ҪŮ˺鳶ãԽͷ֮ޣ
ߣȻѪɷ
ʥʹǲѪӰϴ˫ȣⲻ֪ģгﻮãʬȳ²֣ħеطٽʬߡ̫ɽеı壬ȥƭʥʹĶĿ
Ѿ˼˵أҲǻؽѩ¥Ϣ˵ᵶУӵħʸʿҪɱһӶʸ
ħħķԴأ汦࣬ʿ֮͵ıءѪɷ󲿷ּҵڱϵĴУʱһĶûŮ˼ӳ֣ΪɢӼΪѣħ߱Ҫȥĵط
οħ䣬ı£Ծ޷ȫԭ˵ħУȡ÷֣ʱһɳ죬ġ
ǧ㣬ǵ͹ħߵᵶѱȺʿΧонʿڡУʵƥУֻĶӣ˴˴Ϣλˮ㣬ȡʸ
˼֮ʣɽ˽Ų
Ѫɷɫһݣ̷ųʶ鿴ȴһСʿһʿ첽С
Ѫɷѽ޼ɺ۵òУ˿һʿ̴ϲ
ȫѹҲ֪һʿº޼ɡ˲Ҳ
ѪɷҲδ룬ɽֱ޼ץ
⺫޼ɣѪɷУСӿЩ
֮ʱĪЦͲɽһʿڡδڣҲǲһ֮СҲû⡣
˿ʿȳĪЦв֮ɫһš
δԼѾ˼ҪɱѪɷڴ˴ͼẫ޼ɡ
»Ⱥ£
֮ڣȷʵûʿڡĪЦŹ֮ɫ޼£ɬ촽
ǰʥʹµѪɷ
һδ֣Ѫɷһʿ˵¶־֮⡣
ѵҲŮ˵ˣ˴ץȥŮ˲żüãһʿ
ѪɷͶɣһʱжϣشϷ򣬲֪Ǻˣ
˭ûлش˼˲ֱ̳ȡѪɷ׼
Ȼ񣬻ͻʹէԣâ˸뽣ϣƿշХ졣
һ֮ѪɷһżȻУѩʥʹʩչһΣΪˣĽݷĽĴ֮Ϊ¡
ǰѩʥʹһɽϺӣѪϴµƣȴҲһϰС
޼ѩʥʹϵһҶУԵϰã


110 
δ, ƿնѪɷѪӿѪɫγһĻС
էĻ, ײ֮ӴĽ, һʱ޷ơ
ѪɷʿһΪûжôʵ, ֮ĪЦȴࡣʥʹΪɽ, Ҳ˲ٺô, Ѱɢ޻Ҫǿϼ֡
Ϊѿǣ󲿷Ҿʧȫʬ, սҪһ㡣, Ҳܽһˡ
ĪЦֻоһͭǽ, ɬѽһƽ, һǰ֮ƣһ, ٶ˥ߡûǿΪ̣֧ųڵʵ, ʩչ޼ͻľ
ʹ, ޼ǿ󣬾ȵڵѪɷˣڵۼ, ΪǱ
ۿ޼˥, ĪЦתȻնâ
ոǾ޾׵һ, ⼸âۡѪɷȥĻ´һӣ㽫£ˡ
ƷХȴĪЦϮѪɷɫ䣬һĳƵѪƱ֮ʮ׿⡣
⣿ѪɷΪʲôĪֶΣڿһʿжٱ£ոһǿʽò˼εӣд󶨡
ִӦµһƣѪɷҲδüΪʿδܵ˺ֻ̻¶ļЩѪӿûͣٶȳ̶
ʽǰƽƽ棬ѪɷбӣҲսپ޼ɻɱ²дһȭȴóΪ
ŨѪ棬ƥĪЦƫУӲһȻɶһξǷ˼ʮײͣסӿһѪ
˿ûгɣٴϣ̤磬һƼһεĳУǰû˿ѪɷΪȻֻû뵽һʿӲΪûˣиǾɲ̳ȭӭ
ȻһмѪɷ͸оһԵйתźɱһƴ
жѸͣѪɷϾ˼ӲͷƤ꽻֡
ȭ䣬ͬѪɷǰ㣬걻˱Ļûгֻ֡һ֮ٴεɶȥЩǱȴãһս֮ѪɷʹҽУȾѪ£ĺ
ˣˣѪɷôҲ벻ףÿһжǰƽӹΪܽ⸱õʬƻ֪ռݵʬǾĵر֮ãŵɣһƷҪ˵һʿڵǿߣҲӲ
ϧ壬κˣֱӳȥ˺ء
ǹƺǿʱ޿̲תѪɷֻؿڷƣͷԻ粻壬һ˥˼֡
ưؾ̥ڰ˻޴ܵطůůȴ˷ܹаһرһǿư೤Ϩһһһڣ˺ÿһǰΪ׳󡣵ڰʩչ֦ͬںϷʮʽܡ
ĪЦΪȫʩΪǰвɱѪɷ
ưؾļ٣ĵвһθࡣڣʿ粻ȫս˳£ӲĥҲĥˡ
ůůţҲûʱһطƣʽԵʮأעתǱҲѪɷӵɡȻ֪壬Ϣ˥йңֱˣŶһ֡
ѪɷֶβɱУĪЦҲð˵ķգֻ³֡ɴʱ˿̣׼֮޷̿ܡ
ѪɷĪٲУһĴһ߳ĹСīе̣էһ֣ɢŨҵĸζ
ǣȻǣд¾֮ǰһս֮һ弸ɢ˼䡣ɳǿ׷䣬޹̼ʱղᳬ꣬ϣһϢ
һֱǰһսڻ̬ʱʱܰѰһŹ£˵޸ֹϵ
ĪЦѪɷף㽫ϸ˵ҽտɲɱ㣬Σ
ոһԲϾͺɱʿ˿̺Цһɺ˵ѪɷһʱûӦ̬ת֮죬һ£漴ŭ
֮ʵóһղҲҪǲƤռϷ꣬ûгֵĴ㣬Ū˳˲ս֮ʱһ㽫ĥ
Ѫɷ̫ɽеײʿУôҲǿԺٻߵˣܵ裬ȺɨĪЦٴοڵĻᡣ
ֻ֮߳ʱ˼ȴչһࡣĪЦһ֣սḻնձܿ͵Ϯһ亹
һδɣѪɷתٶչһ磬ȷХɾĪЦ˫ۡ
ۿ޿ɱܣĪЦ˷һѪɷӲ֮ڱ֮ȴδչӦеĳɹֻײһӲ飬ֱ۶鲻
Ȼһײǹƫһ磬ĪЦ֮ϡ´ݲУõߣܲס̵ĲΣʱѿܷ䡣
ѪɷǰȻһա֮Աһ£ֺñɽ˵ĹʶĿ޷ƿߡ
ˣҲΨѩʥʹȻ֪ӣȻ֪ʱ򲻶ԣѪɷǲƵаӿ޲̽ⲻµ˴ۡ
֮ʣĪЦȴûͣ֡ưؾ˳ޱȵĴѪɷδİ˲ںײǰδе
Ѫɷһұ죬˷˳ȥͷ­֮ʣȻ֣ˣ屬ѣͷ­Զ
ʱ䣬׾ٵըѳһ࣬ѪпĽ
ѪɷĿѣĻˣ̴ͷ­зߵĺ޼ɳȥ
ĪЦҲδ뵽ƾһͷ­ƥδһѡʿԱԻһлǵȴתֻءǱ޾ΨǰһЩ֮ˣûǶ
ĪЦҲǵһοȾ׹Ѫɷẫ޼ɣ˱ܻħʸһá˿̻жɿ죬ٶȾˣѷֹܹ
ƥóѣǵɱ˴ˣûһ·ص̫ɽСĪЦԸ
ɲ֮ʱһϹӶڿ𽥱һֻëɫ˳Ĵ꣬һţ׼ȷǻ븹УĴ˸ãбĪЦһۣ൱Nɪ
ȻֻƬ̺󣬻ɴĲ±Żһӣڶ˲״̬֮ңոճƨ̬֮
ѪɷƽɱӤʬռūнʥʹϢй¶ѩ¥
ʹѪɷУੲݣʹĪЦ׹ӦʲôʳǱܻȡ˼ʵһ䣿
ҡͷֻǴһλ̯ɢ´ɢòϢѾסټϳ
׷һ䣬һɳǿߣǧδн±ͶԴߣҲһʱ
һսĪЦƴӦԣʵһλڵʿȻֻɢޣʵԶеǿߣҲΪǿ˿иֻоգͷĿѣ
̽ѪɷĹ̺ʹѹθɾץź޼߽ɽ֮С


111 
ǿл, Ȼʩչ´뿪ɺ޼ɾǸλεնܻ˲Ϣ, ׷ɱҪץʱָս, ӦʱΣ
ĪЦһ̷ü˵ĵҩϢһӺ, ˼
ԾԵĺ޼, ĪЦüͷ, پЩ֡
䲻ֱ֪ɱ˺޼ɣȡħʸ, Ǽ򵥡ٽ˴Ѱ, в, ֻᱻϻΧȻǲ, ҲδӦôʿΧˡ
ȡħʸ񣬱ζŽһر, ԻĪôӪ֫hͬҪ֮ٽȻŮҹ, ʵѴ
˼ת, ĪЦǾӪ֫hΪʱϨɱ޼ɵ뷨
ںȻţѾŮ, , û֫h, ºѵõŮйħʸȻҲȲϺȻͳй
һĪЦȲԲµǰغ޼ɵϢ˲
ѰʱȻԣֻ⺫޼ħʸںҹһѻʩΪҲϢȻ֪ĪЦ뷨̻Ӧҿֱ
ĪЦֺ޼ϣȻһָСѪӡͬһһһµ
ؾӦһ˿Ϣָвͬħ㲻ؾϢڡ޼ƺĳطʱѹסϢйҲסһЩ͵ʿ̽飬ΪߵʿҲǺᵶŵشƫƧûһʱΪʿ
û뵽лˣҪ˽ϼѡ
ĪЦδȫ֮оӰ۶ץ޼Ӷݶȥ
ᵶﴦ˵۱Ż޲ֹŮͯһۡ
£ף״̬һ׹£³
ǰʮ¶̰֮ɫʿƣ޿ˣ룬ȵᵶ壬Ӳ캦֮¡λѪϴţΪؾ·棬Թ֮ԹޣֻʵãҵǴȡߡضףܲܿںᵶƵķϣ⺢һ·
ʿЦڳŪ֮
Ǻᵶɥ֮ȮԵҵȽ
ǿʳʿ֮㾹Խ˵Լҵȣ
ᵶżʧҪնݳǽһܲˣ
ǿ֮ĩ־ܣȫʬ

ʿ֮ԣ˫Ŀ޲ӿͷ
ɽ磬棡
ͷŮͯȵˣ
նɫ常δ׹ӣļⷢŮͯ۾ŵòٿޡȴ常˫ĿᣬɽͦҲʼ
ʦɩӵŮĸĸһΪƣǵŮҲҪͦţضһպᵶ֮𣡡
˵գһѽŮͯ¡
ۣиУͺᵶŰҵǲ֮ͽձŹ
õأӿһɰ̻֮¶ļʼѪҺ
ãҪԱ
򲻿Աʸ˭Ҳò
ҵһͬѹƴӣȻһ񣡡

ʮ⻪˲ϢϣȻӣ˿˫۳죬ǵһ˿
ۿԱţ۱ҪʿΧɱ֮£ɳһӰֻ裬ϼľĶĿס۵ʧǺ֮ɳۣ߷ʿɱȥ
һɣء
߾ʿĲҽ֮ĹۿããȻŲƣָǰ
׹¿࣬ʦҳΪʿҲѭᵶѵ̹壬δ캦֮¡ű٣Ůײ£ձȴһԮ֡
ǹ壡
ǿ֮ĩʧޱܣ˿ǧ㲻ʣΣȴҲ졣
֮ôЩʻװ
Ϊ֮·Ҫ̤˵۰׹ǣΪѣȴ޹ƽԣ
һ׷ѰĴ壬ǶǴ
֪˶ã˷һŮʣС壬Բˡ
ǿۣ۴һűϴз绪Լܴü俴ŮʱĶ˷ɡ
Ǻᵶŵ޼ɵĵ£ݺ¡
ĻУѿ޸ɵСض
ضã¶һ˿Ц⣬ݺµһһɱң
ݺ»һض˲ɴ˫ۡ
ű٣ʦҲһɩɩɱңнħߵʸΪһħߣпܽᵤɹʦűĳ𣬺ᵶ°˵ʦֵҪɩɩֻɱңض뿪
ݺкᣬȴƴҡͷô̶֡
һߣûжʱ˷ѣƴ󺰵ɱңɱң
ݺ²óһذףȴѣ޷¡
ʱ˶ûע⵽ԭ˺£ɪһŵضĬĬֱͦ˫ͫѱɳ׵֮ɫ޾ԨУη
۵Ĵߴ£ݺǲĬĬ£һ˫۵Сִһ׵ذףᶨĴš
к谭Ķۣһ仰ŮͯݵɫǵĳҺضǱ
⧲˵ݺ¸û뵽ֻ˵ƤͿޱӵŮ£㵵Ĳ
紵ɢ˺ضţС裬ɢޱϲϣҲοУЩĿ
ŵѪ𣬲һССͯضҲʿҲпϣ
ۺЦضĬĬ˫ۺϣ׻վȫҹĵССһɾ˵ϢںᵶϿյľ»꣬ӿ
񷣬·𿴵ճ谮гˣĴСͯᵶŰĻЦҲѪȡ
Ϊ˱һµӰۺὫµľĿ⣬õȻͻ䣬䱯·ССͯһ˲䳤
ԽԽ࣬ضѱһŨҵ˼ĺ۰׶һƬڣħͯϲֱӡ
ݺס죬ָдһŵૣħ塭
¡
ը죬ϯأһƬѹֵĻҺ֮ɫ
ĪЦź޼ɱۣвٴСС˺ۡһ·׷ɱĪЦѣȴûڲ¡
⣬ʵڲ˼⣬һѧҪս֮ʵĥ£ںȻҲһõĻᣬȻ
ͻȻķӿƲܿƵȥһ
ô£ĪЦһûйħϵҲܲٿ磬δ˿ȸԾڣ·ʲôһ
ڲͬϢҲɫأ˵ѵʲôħĵرΪ֮أΪΣ䡣
ĪЦѱȻʲôĵرʱ֮Ѱҵۣ̲ᣬӡ
˭֪˲ã׷ȫȥһʣɼ䣬ǰѹѹȺܶϰ֮ࡣΪһˣ뷢ü䲻һ֮ɫ޼ӰӶʱϲЦտٶȸ졣
ãǸʿӣ¼ѡȻԴǽʿ˶ɢ޵Χ£Ҳѱʲô©֮㣬й¶١ʱ˵޳֮ͽ鷳ҲӲסħŵ׷ɱ
ĪЦתܣҲ֪̫أţһѪ˫ʹһһȻԶĪЦǾߣź޼һͬʧ
ضҪɱˣͣ
ʬУݺ¹ڵأ˿ڣôҲ󲻵ǰɰŮһɱ˲գ۵ħͷ
ο޺ֹضǰƽƽذףһλʿࡣãȻʹףɱˡ
֪㡭ҪƣҪټҵĺضߣ뿪
ݺ²ƣһźضȥŮͯȴһˣƺӽ
ɱˣҲɱ㣡
ضƲеɱ⣬ȴҲһ˿ǣ֪Լ˺ˡ


112 
ͫڵŮͯ, ԡѪޣĽűߵʬ, лģҲԼɱġ
еʹаЦ, ֲɵ͵ͬʱںض, ԵޱȻ
һһܿƱʿ, ƺǰ޷, ֻҪеĵĨɱ
ضַԽ죬۵׵ʹҲԽŨҡƽֻجܿõľ󣬾ʵ, ûһ˿־, ˷ܵķ
Ϊʲôأ
ضССԴװ´ɻ, ֻһħ, ڴߴѪԭʼķʽӶ޷ԼδĿѪ
ݺŮ, ˼Ȱ裬ҪȥеذסͻȻ䣬һɰ, һײݺº, ưܷݰɳԶ
ضʶذףֱӴˡ
ڣذ׺ɬĴƤ⡣ضԭľڵͫ, ˲, Ȫӿ

۵ı쳹, ضŵɿذףһƨڵأҲָ˼
ǰȾѪذף˿ں޼ɵš
ﰮˣôȰĿעԼŮῪڣضӡ
һֱضܾ¸ףǰһѵ𷣣ϲЦ塣ɴʱ˿̣ôĻ£ǰԼİΣûԼΨ۵ϧͰ
ɽ䲻ΰ󡣺ضף˵Ǿ仰壬һжѾˡ
һ󺰣ݺ²һг޼ɣڻ
ˣضӣҪҡ޼֮һļǹŮֻԼΪ˺ٲܻĸŮƽŰҵ٣Ĵ־Ըֻϧ֮ǰܿƽ뿪
ΪһţܻסеӣΪ˷򸸣ܱŮĪڴˡӲ£ֻòϴߴŮ뿪
Ѿˣ׷޼ɶʿѽǰۿ޼ɽ͸޼壬ķѣΡ
ݺ»ȾѪƤƬȱʧȴ˿оƤ֮ʹ
ǰͦɽǵˣǰȥյĶ˵Ŀݣͬһиࡣ
ԣͬеϲڽߣŮˣȴһֱܹ¶ӲԹɵ֮·ԶΪ̫ʱǣû뵽˹;³
ںޣʹ࣬ΣˣмѵŮӣһαֳСŮ˵Ĵ
ĪЦ˳岽֮⣬ոһȺʿĽҲȫжദɼǵ˺ۣҿ¼ʱûв
ոǹɾ޴˴һȻʹκһķˡֱŮͯ־ذ״ĪЦȲѣֻþȫܿȴδϵôһ㣬ذȴ˺޼ɡ
ĪЦд󾪣һǱһȺɢнɱ졣
ǹͻȻʧҲƽĪЦ֮ʣȴµħ壬ħ壡ŮͯϵΨһħ壬ħԪħ֮࣬ǵħԪĳӣΨͷݵķݡǲزۣպسһħŪơ츳ڼħ޶ᱻΪ츳ѵϡ
ĪЦʲôħ壬ֻ֪СŮ޺ǹ죬ƺƣо
ֹѣ
δ˵ʱսһţʱʱɳ£ĪЦòʱܣŭѡ
޼Ⱥɢ޷߲ڧսҲЩϢءһƲĪЦȻ֣ڵϴƺɵ˵СŮֱͯϣȻһѪɫСӡ
˻δע⵽ĪЦһѽСŮͯڻоϮҲδֱӼȻ͵Ϯ
ĪЦϣ͵Ϯ֮൱һ
һ죬ݺµɶȥں޼Ѫ֮Уһ̶ˮУһ˿ǰδеľâ
ǺȻǣȻŵˡȻţ𣿡
ĪЦüһ壬ȴû˵
ݺûһ˿ѪɫǰΪ˾ۣѾˣ򱻺޼ɲٴθˣ˿̼;ƿݣֻһάֲ
˴ΨһǣұԼŮԸûȥ˼ΪκȻŻɳһǰֻԸץסһݣŮȳȥ
㣬ضߡֻǸӣ˺ΩԸֻǸˣһĿ֣ƽݱá㣬Ⱦ
ݺѾվȻ˻ߵ˴ĺӣĪЦӲˣЩ̡
ŮͯƴҪԼĸףĪЦղָʾסϴѨֹٶȾ츳ǳ鷳
ݺ¿һۻԡѪ˵꣬еϣиԼŮ˵̵Ļ
ضֻҺĺӣǣûκιϵûкĸף㲻رᵶŵѪ𣬴˺ߺҪһͨķˣٲҪ;ĸףĸ׾ˣҪߣٲҪͷ
䣬֪һѽֱӶݺµͷ­
ﰡ
ض˻ߵĴ󺰣ߣȴûκȥӵĸףһվı࣬ССŮͯױ
ûҲǹĪҲܵĪЦǳ鴤ȴһĸ׵й¡
Ůһδ棬ֻΪŮٱΣԸ˵˲п֮ԡŮͯϸ࣬ŮΨһһȥɡ
޼ŮŮӱ֮ǰΪŮı·˸ĸ꣬ĪЦֻŮͯ÷ء
δܹĸĪЦΪ֮ݣһݣȺʿɱ֮ʣѸԶݡ
֪˶ãϵɱֹһ§޸ˣһһʿ뼸ʿš
ڸոգҲܵ쳣ǹͻȻʧ¾ҪȺɢ޺ɱ˵أ˿ˣҲûд󰭡
ΪЩгͣЩɢۣͬҲûȫ˵İա
ɢ޺һЩСŵʿ¼ɺͲδ֮˿˭Ҳû֣Ϲۡ
ѹֵķΧУһλɢ޵ڵħڴ˴κᵶ֮ջķᣬβʱ֣ħʸҵȣ
ħٺһЦʸ񷽲ŵһˣҪø˭źã
оâ˸гֵ򡣳ħˣ˿ţһƣ⡣
˵գһӣʿƣȫħ֣¶ʹ֮ɫ
ڴ˽ƣз紵ݶҶһʱ֪ҵȶǽʿħʸ񣬶ΪеӣúֻһʸδⲻϷ֣ģƾȥ׽Ůͯ˭ץסͬʱӵʸΪΣ
ģ˶ģԲ٣أƲã
ϽǶݣ顣


113 
֪˶, ĪЦŷŮͯһ̷üŵҩǿֹסơ
һᵶ֮, ʵڹգδ, ڷҴǰġ
˿ˣȻʵŮͯ, ĪЦһͷ, п಻
Ůͯĸǰ, ûԣҲȻ佻ʥʹŮ˿ûʲô֮⣬һʱ֮˽ŮͯɱӶħʸ
Ůͯʸѳ, ΰֳ⡣ܲһֱŸƿ, һ·ʿ׷ɱ, ƣڱʥʹ, Ҫӵʸ֮˷ȡţ֫hֲֲ, ֮ǰһоĪЦġ
ǰħʸ񾿾ȡ, Īע
µҲȻħ߿֮ٽʱ, ᵮϡʿУһ, ɻʸ񡣲ؾӦ, ֮, Զ·ʸԿϽƴƴ֮ˣ;ȥˡ
ĪЦһϸոЩϲɫµҲҪָȥءħ߳һֻ°װ˷ʱ䣬ȵħ߿δ˳
һҲһ˿ϣײˣұϴˡĪЦҲǱĿȻ޷ɣΨпħϴ˽ҲҰģԸħؾ
㲻ҪˣħΪȥʱûܰ㣬գ󡣡
ĪЦû뵽޷ϣѾԲµı£ʱҲ£Ҳġ
ѯ˼ϵ£ĪЦоǿϢըװ쳹Ժ̨
Сӣ־ܣޣȫʬ
һСˮ㣬
ΨҶħߣСӰФ룡

ĪЦܸоһε׷ʵǿѵĽʿϢӽǾζţҪʿΧɱвԮҲδȫˡ
ĪЦ˸ʱһơ
ûٻ½ӹ壬ǽŮͯ󣬸ȵλǰǸ޴ܣΪһССŮͯ޹𣿡
һ̤նһĪЦǰЦ̤;֪ǿʳ档ŮͯСҲʿȫʬ壡
˵䣬ʿͣһץŮֻͯĪЦվޣʿԾϧ֮ģϵ
һΪ꣬ʿȻ֮⣬ֻδò֮ˣ˼ܽ谮ܣҲʧΪһ£Ŀ˺
֮ã˷Ϊˡʵڼѣ֪һձ£Щûűӻɢޣ¸Ϊ󵨣˿ѹноƽ֮⡣
ĪЦʿЩ֮ʱ˺һͼչâҫ䣬һֻªʿǰ
δ໳ӵѷСת䡣òǰªǹ˲ʵ֮ȴȻʧ˾ʮ㣬оҫƺΪҲоϵĵʵڹڲƣɷǵĸо
ɷǣҲĥªǽʿն˵аǰͻȻһĿĴǴӣ˱ǶʿŻȻŭʶͳֺԷ
໳ӸճͼΪΪСڽӡ䲻ʶʿڴ㵼䣬ͼ˵֣ʱŭһĳʿһǡ
໳ӵ̫ϢСɣȣսһأӲʿһ˺ԷȴһѪԶ
һ֣໳ӿЦеɫҪŴ䣬Ӱ۶Ϣ֮ǿǽʿ
໳ӵɵۣϺˮֱðСʲô֮ÿٻʲôԽϲ⣬֣໳ӻô꣬ûôˡ
ʱΪɱһʿӦǲѣ߰˸ʿһӵϣŵñͷܣȫû˸ոճʱǰݷȡ
֮ʱ໳ѿСӰһϢʲôޣִм֮⡣
ϢѵЩʿΪ˶õүҿྡǿ𣬱ǳСӺҲֹ˴򣡵үұضڴۣ֮໳г׳־׷Ϣȥ
ĪЦʩչֹŮͯϢйֻò½ӹ壬뿪ᵶŵؽ磬ֱħϡ
ԲµٶȣԲܱȵϳ໳ӵ츳ʱһһңң½ŲסһԲų໳ӣ御ԣ˫꺮
űѹƣһ໳ֻо׹ߣ־壬ɪһ£ðޣеģȻܿóн𵤺ڵʵΪۣطͨḻܹƥеġ
˽ǰ໳ȴ޷߷֮࣬Ҳɻ󲻽⡣
ǰСǸ˰̵ĳª֮ˣΪαòģϢԣ໳ӲΪϴˡ
ǳ໳ҲпСò֮ǰδǽҲȲֻʱôһֶѡ뵽СĿɶ֮໳Ӳɫѹ£ȵúۣҲҪΪСң㱾ԵҪְĪ㿴޳֮ͽ
û뵽໳ҲŮ˵ıʣ¶ʱǰĴ˳ֺ̬࣬ζ
޳֮ͽٻ໳ӳΪһ½ʿעܡɳ໳Ӷ˵ãֻ׷ܣȫնá
΢Ҫԣ˽飬Ҳϲһ޳֮ͽҽհΪеŮͯħ壬ǽҩҾͨԴ˵ǧ꣬˴ס˵ҩʩΪҹս׷ҩãҿԷɡ
໳ӴһϸŮͯƺȷʵзͬһӿȻħޣеġֻǸĺӣϵȴЩħ޴ܻҪ߹һЩħ壬Ҳ˵ͨ
һ壬ûնⷬС˵໳ӶȻţһԾŶĺеӣҲ϶мֿŶȣ±˵ͷ
֪ǣ¸ĪЦϴһ·ĿȾīߺڣҲ޳֮ͽһ㣬Ķ͸ˡ


114 
໳ҲǱֳǰƭ, ħҲţ˵һʣÿ, ϵ½һˡûо츳ʱ볣, һѣز, պسһܡŮͯ, Ϣ, Ϊȴǵ΢˾֮סܳԵ֮ˣӶˣĪô
໳Ѫ, ʵѩ, ԶʤСĳޡǺƴ, ҪС, ޷ƥС
ǺίߣóԵҩ, үҴпܽףѰǺ޳СҲ٣
໳ЦһоաϾԵһ֪, Ĵ, 㿪ڵԸĶһŵûң
¶紺Ц, ЦݸĪЦҪ֮ǰһޣҲ, ܽħҩ, ػָ໳ɣ֮Σı
໳д󶨣ģҪһͬУơ
һץбһضһ޶ŮͯӸ˳໳ӡ
˺֮ڣԪӤ֮¾ܿߣұ·ʿϡ
໳ӽӹŮͯȻֲòŮͯǹڳ˵ϢҲƣϸϣ
ƣ໳ӲżŮͯѸٶݵضȥ
ó໳Ϣʧº촽΢кض̻Ϊɢȥ
Ǻॣ
֮ϣʿճභ
˶ǽ𵤳Ϊ൱ȥ󿪴ϣ磬һʱѷָ¡
ᵶŵЩʿҲȫһ顣
λʿгħʸᣬʱ¶ԹӶʸȫƾ£һʿᣬһ־
˸޹˼ɣ˼ۺ죬׷ѰŮͯ;б֡
Χ֦ϣһǽ壬ڳһƬյءӰ֮Ǵִľּɽʯһնأҷ
ãϽ˺ۣʤؼʱһӰϢݵâ¹켣δӦһ˫ͷ­ڵء
ֱ۵ȥ´̳߳һץĴͷʬϷ֮ڡ
滻٣֮ԭǱ׷ɱһһ֮ߡΪӪɢǺΣпޱȡ¾ǿжϣһ·ר䵥ʿ͵Ϯѵ˶Ρ
Ų˷ԭбɱʿѹθɾö֮ʬᱦַҲԽ죬ĪЦԼûȻ
һһ·ɽˣ֮ƬײΪʿҪëϴ١
ĪЦ̨»Ϊ꣬˶βɢȥϦʣӳϣ뵳һʵУһʱǰ߹ĪЦ΢
ȻֻǹƬ̣ʲĺͱ¶ԣʲôû𣿡
ߴϵȻѣĪЦȻʧЦԼҺ꾫˵ļӸС
Ѿɱλʿ˵ؽʣ޶࣬ʱȥѰ໳ˡ
ƭ໳֮ǰ˿ûиĪЦкºҲûнͰ֣·ͨ㣬ĪЦױµ˲µļı
໳ӴŮͯʿע⣬ǰȳ²֣ɱ䵥ʿơνģԲҩΪǰᣬ֮ı㲻ܳ໳Ӱװ׷չˮһա
뵱ɹһ˵ĶݣϧΪΪ˵Ĵƺ걻ĿȾ֮£Ҳͽ׷䡣
ĪЦп֮ʣϴ¡¡һɰ֮ԶԶƮɢںᵶŵؽϿգޱ߲ã֮ϯأĪЦֻѪڣܿƵĿʼɢ룬ҲǻһƬʹޱȡ
һצĪЦ󱳣˫֣д󺧡
ʲôйƻ֮
̫սҲɫأ̫ɽ̫֮ܶսһʮŸʿսΪţ»󣬱ǽʿֵˣɥʧǣΪ⡣
ĪЦüͷһ壬˹ؼڡħʸҪʥʹܽϣһȺں֮ϡӦ׼Լǰֻ̽ʵк֣ܲܳɹʸʥʹƿ֮С
ΪǲԵ룬ⲻ֪ʥʹĻȸ
̫սĳ֣ĪЦȫ޹ʥʹػ϶޼ֵӪ֫h֮޿ܡҪ̫ս֮ǰõˡ
ĪЦ˼תʩչ׷໳Ӷȥ
Զһư磬װΪľ޴йϣ֫hһѪӰ
Ůϲ԰ޱȣʬҰĺᵶţв֮ɫһš
ѪӰиһӸ֫hõдڣսı㲻㡣ѹѹĹأʥʹΪĸѹҪ׳Ͷ״ЩɢޣΪս壬ʵƽһΪӦӦɱǣҵȱΪ
֫h˼£ȴٳûж
ѪӰһȵ˼֮¶ѹҪãʥʹƽ裬Ĵ֮Ȼǵα⣬㻹ƣȥȺ޴ɢһͬɣ
֫hôɫǲ԰׼֣ƯĴ۾ӿЩ
һ̣ʦŲݲµ飬սͬΣʱټΪǧﱼŪƣȴɲң߷Ϊ
¶ģո𣬲ΪߣҲΪعţֻΪԼˣŮ
һС£
֫hŵһ˫УĺѲΡ
гϽ֫hûһ⸩£һ̴һλսģ޷жʿš
ʿʬ建أһѪۣڴءٿأ֫hʳᣬȻ֮ϣ֮Ҳ˫ͫУΨһƬľ
˽֮֫hã
˵໳·ֱ֮󣬶ԴŮͯӶݡ׿֮Ȼ󼸸ʿҲһʱԲ׽Ӱ
ʱһã໳ӲֿʼԵãèϷ
ɰʱ󣬳໳ӲſʼԡеŮͯʱûɢĺۼ׷ȴһֱţвĿĲݵζ
ΪȡǺ꣬໳ģսӣҪסŮͯΣûκκ·ԡ
˿ǣϸ۲һŮͯȻ֣Ůֱ֮ͯϾһССѪӡϾǵϢ
໳Ӵͼ֮ش˽ʿԾãŭСɣһɱ֮죬󱻲ƻ󣬸ȲҪõҩû⵽Ůͯϵ
໳Ȼദ࣬ؾҲһ˽⣬ͿħߵӡǣͷƤ飬޲ѡ
ؾӡǣӵϢǲܱģµģŮͯʵʵ
뵽¸ոµģ໳й֮Ǻ뽫鷳ӸԼ֮زز
һ޳СӺҲˣһҲ˼Ҫأ໳ӱһԼ...үҽҲҪǳƤ
δ䣬ʿѽǰ


115 
໳Ҫ, ʿҲǳصģ֮ƽΧС
ɢ֮ɾͽ𵤣Ϊ, 츳ֶΡȱһɡս飬ͼĳ໳ԶǼ˶֡
ķ·ѱ, ໳֪ţһת, ƴ
һλ뷢԰׵ȳ, ճצ, ӥðץŮͯ໳ӲƣնȣŮ֮ͯϡ
д󾪣Ȼʹ, ڿһȦ, ж, עų໳ӡ
˶ǽΪ, ܽħؾΪֶָ·, Ůͯǰ
ͨһ㣬ŮͯҪЮˡ
λʿһʱð, ħΪ, Ҳûʤ㣬βŮͯҵȣ·
໳Ц, Ҫڲƭ, Ǳ, ֻҷſޣǱһӵϣүҷʬȡүħûԵ֣Ҳ⡣õޣүʱ
ʱ󣬳໳ӱعͼҲΥġ
˴δҪһʱЩ㵡
ħЦʱ䣬ĪǵȴԮѵã컯ĪΪһʱͿϽŮͯҳħպѻԵõ⡣
໳ȷʵ֪ںͳħţǰٻһ£෬ĪЦͲ¿ӺѲκˣħ˵컨Ҳ䶯ҡ
ۿ໳βɫѿһʱ뽩֡
ʱմһ¡¡˶ʱоɢֲ֮ܿСΪĸߣʱܶסǹ壬ֻɫѿ
ã̫ɽ֮ˣԮѵҵǺãɫƣȻǽɢޣӲպյ̫սġο̫ɽУɢ޶ԣֱ֣֮㲻ΪԼ룬ҲҪΪֶǡ
ɿ׷ôãſϣ˿̷ֲġο޻ǱΪʳǿƤҩ˵ûм뷨α
Ҳˡ
ħҵȽԲӲ̫սסޣȥз䣡
±ʱ·һ¶⡣
໳ɵۣʲô̫ɽУ֮ûаëǮϵôͻȻͱУ˿Ƿϣ⼸ʿҲšո̫սδּۻۣǿлţ˱Ҫƣԣ򲻿ܷŹ
໳нп࣬ģ˿ŮͯãжȻ켣һСƾն
ǹĦ˰׺Ӵ󷨣໳ԴС󷨣ǿܣȴ˲䵱֮á
ǰ׷һȴǿƽƽС赲йɣΪǴһɢʱ¶֮ɫ
໳δüһһʿɱһѳǹֱ໳ţƺպգǲȰ׷߲١
໳Ӵһӿ³Ũ壬ǳǹһʱ޷
ħô˻ᣬ󵶻һѪӰйڳ໳Ӻ֮ϣ
໳һҽУȻǾˣҲ޷Ӳһ𵤺ʿȫһ
ɢ֮ϣֳɼǵ˺ۡǳ໳ӽΪ˿ǵꡣ
໳ӿѪȴûӡסǵУɴһߵħ֮ϣͬʱŻһ֮ħϮȥ
߱һŵŷȴĶӵն
໳Ӷռʿ֮ʱĪЦҲٸ˴ȴ;һˡ
˱Ǵָ֮㽭ɽʿ
ҲǵùʥʹǰᵶţΪܸɳһ£Ӵ˰ʥʹ£ٻ֮յ˴ħ˴٣Ȳ׳ȫҲ˵Ҫħ˴ʿ裬һԿɵ֮
һУͼ£
ѣ³
ҿƼʸû˹עŵʧ˾޴ʿŶʬֲֿ
Ÿ˼㿴һ֮˵ˡ
һѪۣƣ޷˵ηɽֻԶۣ¡
ʿǺɫ֮ͽòȣҲֻǰԾһ£⡣˵ŴΪʱϳͬ۶ʿ
ν˼ۺ죬ʿ˫Ŀ죬һѳ˹ȥ
ĪЦԮ໳ӣ·ɱˣʮַŭҪж˿ӣ΢һ㵣ó֮
ĪЦвµıӰСʿȻΪ֪߳٣ҲӲ
һʱ֮䣬˾൱
ĪЦԸսҪҪò³֣ѸٽˣоһӰѸͷһ⽣һתʿһ
ʿʶ壬һҪĪЦأûע⵽ˣҪٶȽһϸ㶴ţء
ʿǳѸٳ룬ֱĪЦţߺ⻤ǰסǳһ·󳷣ʮֹס
һʱԭأʦ㣡
֫há
˿̵֫hãȴĪЦδģ
һѪգ˺ۣ·Ѫ߳һ㣬к޲ɱ죬֮ϣĪЦޱϤ
һʦ㻽֫hüǣǰ֮˵ĳ࣬ʱɫɷף˺
һ·֫hɱ˶ˣѾǵáе㣬ǰʼĻֱ̿ˣľʣƺѾϰɱ¾ȾѪĸоȻ죬ִ֮ϣԭǰĿ⡣
Ϊħжҡɼݣ˵òһɻдŹеġʦ㡱֫hò֪ΪʲôԾӿˮˣίԲλ࣬·ǵһĿڡ
˼ݣֻò֫hó˵ʱ򣬱㽫ǰĲռ˿̾ûһ˿Ĳ졣
·ˣ͸ӵµݡ
ȷϯأʬҰ֮أǧԡ
ĪЦ֫hãһɲǵĻ̿УŮӰвɰ˼֣ſڵʦ㣬ôΪΡ
֫hú촽˲Ҫôأ
˵ѾħɱٲǵǸɵ֫hã
˵ǧﱼ˰ΣҪһӪСʦܶĴԹޣԾٲȻţҪһϣ
ڵ֫hãƤԺ񵽽֪ߵĻ˵ڡ
֪ݲûʲô෴κһ˶塣̫ɽΣѱʥʹ֪Ҳ֪ðŶôķա
ɲ֪ΪʲôԽǶãԽǼǵõմӶһУԽǺһŮӵѾˣֲֿ֪߳ܵģȡݣȴһ
ǾҲڰٲԨ
֪Ѿ֪ڴ˵ؾʹ඼ᱻƮƮĴԭأûеǿˣĽҲһ֮ȫ顣
ΨһҪຣ˰ȴַʽݲһ档
β


116 
ĪЦ֫hЩ쳣, в²⣬ǲʥʹʩʲôƣԴҪЮң
, ʥʹɲʲô֮ܽ֫h׷ųԼ, ֫hΪ롣ʦִ˴ϻ, ˵, ʥʹħ, ʹʦߣҲ벻˴Ůƿءֻ벻ףʥʹ֫hᵶţк⡣
֫hþ, Ǵ, ĬĬ˵ͷ
ĪЦ˿, Цոʦǰ, һΪħֻǽ, պȡʥʹ취˵ƹܣʦһƫƧ֮ذ, ݶħʸ֮, ʦһͬ뿪
ʵЦ֫hУۡӶԷһĹػɫӿһɱ֮, Ҳ֪º֪Լħ, ᲻չЦ, ʱ߾ܵά
Ī⣬˶ĺȻţǶٰάкѣѪĮӣݽвЩܶһħŮĴ
ʱֻ¶ı飿
֫h𼸷ڴһЦ¶ղ޶µЦգãҵ㡣
ĪЦĪһֲӴзֽ֫hУʦǧغãǿУЩݵطȥҶʥʹã£ؼ֮ʱѰ̫ս
׷ħʸ֮˸ΪҪһɻԿɻعѹٽĪЦن£ԾԶ
ӰѾʧã֫hôʬɽѪУݸһЦЦ޾ɭȻ⡣
֮У໳һ˶ʿ˺ۣƲƵĵۼܱ壬Դ٣ǹǶѣһţҵĲٲҡ
ޣ໳䲻սĸߣ翹£ɼãȻλʿνסŮͯûκλ῿
ù£սΪ˿ҲЩĸ꣬ɢ֮ס
ĪЦ֮ʱ㿴໳Ӷռ𵤵ΰӰɫݡÿһζӵļΪңȻԵôˣǸ֮šθǶĶʱ䣬ʿƣŤתս֡
а¶ģպҪԳ໳Ӻһ㣬߳չ·ߡ
ǰ㣡
ĪЦһ˲ս֡
һȣ໳оʳлᣬˡʲôսӣͱ˵ֻ־Ĳȥ޳С֮Ĵֲ罫ǵԹԺ󣬳໳ֻԸ˾ຣ
һʿ֣ӡһֱβԹ۵޸ˣȴһ۱ϳĪЦϢ֮࣬лȸԼΪǳ˹ֵĽ.ʿȴƫƫ𣬷绪޶ľȼһŻ𡣵òıҪȥҪùһù
޸˲ѿڽеǰǸС챦
ħһ٣꣬ɲǼ䣬͵Ŀڷ·һȻ
ħݺһŮŮδ°ɡݣʣµգ˼ɵáɫŮζѳ顣ɰۿɿڣϺܴ
쵽ֵ޸˲Ͳˣֱ֮𣬷㿷ħ鲻Խ걼ȥ˳ҽޱȣ·ҪĪЦ̽С
ɣЩһڣպҳħ谮㣬Կݺһ
ĪЦû뵽һʿɫ࣬Ըħʸ֮ˣҲҪǿ°īøҪħͷҲ䣡
öԷŭ⣬ħΪ泩ЦҾϲָ֮ԽĻԽǿ
ĪЦɫڣٲ̬кⱬâֱħš
һǧ֮ȻڳħУСӹҼңֵһᡣǿ֮ɵ
ħĪЦɫ࣬Ȼ˺ֻΪҪܡ
ڴ˿̣仯ڳħ΢һƽ֮ʱȻƴԣɰǧ£пٵذѹ
ħ䲻һ֣˹ܿ⻯Ϊѩֱ֮ħһֻ۾
ɲǼ䣬Ѫ֮ɢħ𣬽˺ʮ
ٿˣǰкܴͬЦЦ˪Ȼһ˵ȻУ޸ʤǰ
ħǹª֮ͽܸ壡
û뵽ûܳɱԷ΢Щ㵣ٶȽ
֪ǳħ򣬻ΪŨҺƼ۶ȥ
ħǴˣ̫ս֮ʱѾ֮ǶȻòħʸֻòҲʿõװŮͯʵдɱ֮١κʵԶԸųٳûе֡
޸ѣħע⵽ꡣǰֻʸûĳ࣬һ֮£Ϊ֮ޡջķᣬ꣬°ȥ֣ȴڴ˵һҪã
δ룬ͷдܸ壬սܼʱܣڴ£Ҳᱻʿɱ
¸׷ϣϴ໳һҽУǴĸƤⶼһץ˺¶̻תΣὣ
ҫ䣬ݺύʿսɧţʱս𣬲ʱѳɲ½ꡣ
໳һϢڵϣֻƾ־Ƿû̱Сһɫӿ໳ȫܽĪЦȻ໳Ϊޣƣ䲻ܼܳᡣ
Ƭ̺󣬳໳Ӹָ糣ϴС˺Ҳ١ջ˼£Ȼ𼫴ȲѴĪЦ̨˳
ĪЦִӴзҳ˵ҩһ໳ӿУɫÿһ㡣
ƣĲ´ػĪЦŮͯڻһȦɫ
ڸոգħս֮ʱǿ˴޸ڿһħʸߣ˶ѲӰ޸˻ˮ㣬͵ˡ
ĪЦŭƴƴ´սʿͷ˽ȵǣһˣθģ
Ųһ̤׷϶ȥ
˿޸ħʸ񱼡֮û̶ɱӶʸΪħ˽Ķ֪࣬һΪյؾʲ֮ţЩӵΪȫ֪֮
Ľħߣı£ȥһκᵶ֮УҲֻͶʥʹѡ
һ˵أħ°ӣ繦δΪҪȷ̴ħ˺ǲɵĽ˿ȸ뾹˻ԵѴ֮һˡ
޸дΪ泩ֻҪ׸ʥʹһ죬պԴҲȱǳɾͽ𵤣Ҳǲܵ¡
ɢ޳ɾͽ𵤣Ϊס޸ûʲô룬ֻ೤༸ɾ㹻
̫սѾפᵶţֻҪ֮ϣһֿɵá
ɢң޸ֻƾսĺ¡ȥȻѵ˼ޡ
Ȼ䣬һλԡѪĳֽŮƣһƬ޸һӿ֣Ҫߣ㿴Ůһơ
޸˻켣̫ɽж꣬ΪʱϲĴ󺰵ѿ̫ɽ֮ˣʥʹ£
Ůת˿޸˺ŵʿ˵ͷ
޸翴˾ǣҲ˹ȥȡһˣٴһȥҡ
δ䣬޸ϵЦȻֹһѶĿڣ
޸˲˼ĵɴ۾Ѫʣء
ڣ֫hóسԿĿĸˣٴһü΢΢һݿշı˲˼ȣ¶ŮãȻ޴롣
ĪЦսƣ֫hߣ˿ϵˣһ
ҿʦ㽫أǱҪʧһˡĪЦⲻɫ֫h֮ɨɻ
ǰ׷ˣû⵽һйŹܸ֡оƺһ֮ǹ֮֫hδɱһڵʿӦҲǿơ
ʥʹǲʦ˴սĵƣΪ


117 
֫hÿ˿ĪЦеŮͯ, ȫ֣ǻȥɡ
ĪЦȴ΢΢ҡͷŮͯ˺ᵶ֮Ůĸ, Ŀףʥʹõ, ¾лڡʦȴ뿪Ұٺ, Ѱһ˽ʥʹǱ, Ҫ͸¶Ů֮ͯ¡
֫hȴ˿δ, ҧ촽ǲǶ˭ôã
ĪЦ΢΢һ㶣ʦǺ⣿
֫hյԸ񣬴˿ֻӦ´, ͬŮͯԵλдһʣĪЦǹɲԽŨ, ֫hõĿ, ˼̽
֫h΢΢, סе˶ħʸ, ȴ˺һͯûᡣΪңԸ, ǧﱼ̫ɽ, ϧΪıƤݣ㵱𣿡
ĪЦһ£޴, Ǿʥ, ƽֻ֮, ȸþ֮ˡŮͯĸй£ѡҲ뺦ʦҶԣҪ֮ˣݼ裬ҲʦóԸػš
Ҫ֮ˣóԸ
ٲ֫hأ
ԸѲػأ
֫hвЦȴижǫhˡʦܴ壬ģҲϣס֮ԣҪڡ
һŵȻ޺ڿԡ֫h֮ԣĪЦҲ̡Ůܾչˣδʼջֲ̿ҪҪ𰸡ȻЩɱ䣬Ҳ֮С
ĪЦһҪڴ˵ؾ֫hôǱȥӰ˲ʧ
Ƭ̺֫hƿߣ۵ϻԲѵʿ΢Į̧𽣣̴ʿͷ­
գһСɵѪצӡ֫hֱ֮ϣ
Ϣ޴й֫hͷ֮ϣٲ˼֣ϣѪӰߡ
Ͷ״˵޻ˡѪ˾ȥĸס
Ůֱ֮ϵӡۣѪӰþԣǴһӣйߣ̫ɽС
峿һȻ٣нϪˮѳϸ鲨⡣
ضǿ۾лУһͷһסذ׳˴ȥȴпտҲ
ҵĿ¼ǿѪһ֮ŸоһƬǰ֮˵ĳ࣬΢΢۾
ܿ죬ˮͷӿһĻĻͯǲ׵ľ
ĪЦԿҶȡϪˮݸŮͯģ̾Ϣһȴûг԰ο
ŮͯҲûоܾһ߿ޣһƴˮҶˮȵһβʣ̧ʱĿд˼Ľ֮顣
ĪЦδСӴŮͯı飬ʱڣ˴ϪΣһС壬˼ʱӦʿѰ䡣غӶ£ʱɵѽã㹻ʳǡ
ضһҲƾĪЦУĽ۹⿴
㲻Ҫض𣿡
ĪЦһᣬûԵɫĺȵݵĺԣҲζƽֻĸй£ŶչһԵΪ֮
˵գߣһֻССקס䡣
ض̧Ƶһ˫Ĵ۾һգգĪЦӵģŸѵɳƣҪض
ĪЦֻǸͯû˦֣üǲ͡
һʱ˸鷳ŮͯߣƱر׷ɱƣڱֻýʱƫƧ֮ء汻ʿҵɱҲĪЦûжɱŮͯ׸ʥʹ֮御Ůͯǲ֪ˡ
ĪЦǰԵĴˣĻϲСһϲͨ˽ͯ״һ罻֮
ŮͯϺĪЦ࣬ȵ˵Ҳ
һɤӼΪŮͯŵɪһ£ȴɾǿûͿ֣͸һɲľ
֪Ѿûˣ
粦Ū˿ҵչǰظѳһۡ
Ůͯ쵴ڶϣǰİΪһ塣
ûɵģĪЦ뵽ͯԼԭΪǣǶμ˿ȴͻȻԺͬһڰ׽ƬģС
ĪЦ΢ĿⲻԾ
ƺߣŮͯסȣֺཱུȾѪ½ϣ˲һƬ
ҪضһˣضůѣضԵֽףضὲ¡
ͯﻯġĪЦƣһ̾ᰴסŮͯСԴҲպԽʦȻĸԸһǣ룬㲻Ҫպ򣬽ء
ضصͷΨӦһ䡣
ĪЦŮͯĴ۾ģڷ⡣˹СصıӣҪȥߡԹڴңҪܡ
˵գؿֻ޴ĿУήҲĲ·ŵС
ͯԣԲͬСβϺضʱǰһһϸβ㽫·ŵǰꡣ
̫࣬˿ûһСƨƽϣֻܵԲ۾ʾ
ⳡϤĪЦ»СʱһģһЦȻ˺裬ؼ֮ʱɱҪƴҪΥ
һСӣĪЦɲԸݸ֪֮ͣȻܵ˲ŭĿ
ĪЦδֽ˼䣬ȥ´۵Сۡ
ΣһЦüĹʧСħĵƤɫ
֪ģûɵһ¡
ħɽħߴ
ħ߿֮ղ࣬ɽŨңߣԲûع顣ö֮Բϡ٣Ұ޺
˿֮⣬һнʹ׷һλŮװӺɱ
ŮװİԲëŨܣƫƫһŮȹҲ֪ŮȹǺεȲɣǰ㽡˶ģҲûܽŮȹűʣȾҲ֡
ӴϢţ׷Ŀ಻ԣʱͷȴʮ㣬ƣ̬һȺͣɫһһ࣬ƺͿֲס
δһǶסӴ󺰵ĪҪܣҵֻĽѩʥʹҪЩĦ룡
ӺٺһЦ¶ŴǣǷɱ˶ᱦüǮ
ƨĴֻ޳ܻܰѩʥʹĶͽʥʹָ
˼Ͷٴη׷ϡ
Ͻǰ׷ɱû죬Ц˽ȥͷһ첻ߵƦģ
λǲ׷ϣһڵأԡ
ЩйѩʥʹһλʿĹ㣬̫ɽУ˾֪ĳ̶ȡ
ʿ΢޳ֶȡѩʥʹĽ֮ղ֪࣬ơʼѩʥʹұﶼ͵ȥ·ҲûŹ˵֮£ķ̫ɽУͻȻð˴ѩʥʹù֮ﱻۡ
̶ֳֻȣҲֻΪĳЩѩʥʹ֮ˣڰнŪۣЩ֮ؽѩ¥ߣΪ档
ɺиŮװ׳ƾճ֣ѩʥʹ·ɫѩʥʹʿļ.Ļ׳̫ὲ£ÿû¾ڳ԰һŮȹ
۱ȿ٣ѩʥʹǶһ޶װֻз죬ûƷŮȹһʣǷǷķƷ
һʱȺ鼤ڶ޴ض㣬Ůż顣֣ɽһƬȻӿߣΪѩʥʹֻع
ӳʸ֮ģȻ̫ɽУҲ˺̫ɽȻ·粨ϣʽӳ˳ǡ
Ҳħһעһ·׷ɱȴɽҲƾپˣӲ˫˴˵ء
ײ֮УȻ֪˵֮л˼ȦҲȥ·ã֮ʣһߵʿڸǻǰһǰ
λ֣·֪γȥ
ĪЦŲָʾһ·ħɽոս֮У˵쳣Ķ֮ŨѪɷ֮ڻԾ
˵ħϼΪգʮ޹顣˵ȴ̺ŨħˣǲΪħʸƾ˵Уһħ޴õ֮
ֻϧĪЦħƬ̺󣬱㿪ʼѰҿ
ǰ²δߣԴʲô֪֮٣һнܿԼ̽
ǻ֮ʣϴһֿɤĪЦѰȥʱһ


118 
Ҳİ, ǵ̫ɽв֮У˾ץȥ֮ˡ͵Щ˾ƴ˵ļı
ֻһµŮȹģĪЦϤޱ, ײѩʥʹ
뵽Щ˾ԣĪЦ, ˵䵱ʥʹצ, ̫ɽ, ѩʥʹҥȻ
ĪЦΪʼٸ, е飬˿ûϳԼ˼ʱ԰ȭֵλ̨, Ҳ·, ó
, ŮȹΪʧ̾Ϣһ, һʿҲ·, Ҳ֪˰ˣȥѰá
˵ͷҲصˡ
ĪЦãһЦ, پ˼ѰʿԼΪ͵, 㲻ɱ˶ᱦҲָʹһʹԼ̽·ڻҡ
, ƺ־ոջڿ, ͻȻ, ֮ܲƥУû뵽뿪ûа㶯ֵ˼
Ǹ˼ĺǸ֪˵ؾ
ΣҲֻǸСĪЦܿ콫֮Ժ󣬼̽·
ԼĪһʱ䣬ĪЦҰУо֡һưܲҶ粻ټӲݴܲУһɸϢ˱Ƕ۵֮
ĪЦ֮Уδʲô֮ǵԴǰϢ
ᵶһвĪЦҲ̫࣬һֱûкúϢƣ˿ͣЪֻ˯ĸо
ĪЦ˹ϢֻǹƬ̣ǹ·гǧ˯ڴߡԴһֱͦͦڵϻ˯
ﲻ֪ǿ͡ĪЦʱ㿴ӵͥԺУͯͣһ˴ŮȥͯմȾա
бŮӵĲһӽɫĹ⻪ཱུ̧ͯЦݱáãĪЦĿţϲּЦݡ
ΣŮתĻµӰϸȴ˿ɱֻϴһװεߣݡ
ߵһɲǣĪЦз·ʲôһţܿ죬չգǰӵסŮӵ
ůů
⧲ŮûܱڱεƤϣһƬȻΣ֣Ǻߵĵӻڣ֡
˵ţûĪЦУΪ
Ůɢ㣬ĪЦĿ룬ϴ˿ЩɳƣˣǱһطΣ
ůůһۣҧ촽Ǻ˼֣ߵ÷·ҪҸطȥ
ɣǰգϣģġ
ǷޣôˣʲôϡĪЦҲܾ㽫ᱧڻҲ֡
ͯ˾ռߣЦܳԺ䡣
ʱԺ䴫Ų½ƼЯֶϴźЦ⣬̧۱㿴ԼҶӰ۸ϱЦݶʱסҲǣҲǡ
ůůŵһԾ£Ʈת䣬ѲӰĻиոսεС˵̬
ĪЦȻʧֻúƤĸ밲
ѵ䣬½ƼȴЦΪõ㣬һֻݶһλɡүɼңҲùܴůů۸
δ˵ĪЦɫ󾪣æֵůůƶʣĪҪ֪
½Ƽ̲ĪЦűǺöϱǸƶʵˡ֮ܰ㵱֪ЩֶܰûУǲ븺Ҵ㹷ȣ
ĪЦãȻ֮ɫһţ漴ֹĸ䡣УŮµ̹ÿһϸڶǰ
ĪЦЩȻܰױȵϤС뵽Ů˳ӵģЩԸûûֵĸĪЦΣûжůůǰĸоȴɵ˵ͷȫƾĸ
½ƼЦ֣ڼѱã˱һͬǰš
˱ǣ񣬸ڣŮ˫ȫ֪ΪӲƣѾ͵͵լ󣬺˻չʲôأĪЦпѶ˼ˮƣůůܵ˷С
ʢͣĪЦɿȣɳ˳½ȴЩķ֣ؿںЩʲô
ʲôأ
ĪЦô벻ֻӦһĶһֱЯֻǴ˿ʧ
ԣĪЦϸ룬˯ȥ
һ˯÷̤ʵֱҹѹůůѿϢŮϵˣ̻¶ļӯӯƲۡ
ĪЦԾ˹ȥůů˯ĳϧҲûȥţֻǶϵ߳
ůůһֱװԡ˯߶ûժ¹ָᴥߣҪժ£ȴһСү
ĪЦָסС˴
ܰվţ¹ˮŮˮᡣĪЦͷһڳ˯ůůţܰôˣк£
û£ܰ㲻𣿡ܰЩԹ˵ֵȥܰĸ˵˵ҪܰСү£Ҳͬ˵ģ
ĪЦͷ֪ΪЩԸ˵ܰС꣬±˳²Ŷԣ¶ԴŮֻимû롣
ܰ˴𰸣ЦֿޣĪЦһٰŽȰطЪϢ
ͥԺ¸ĪЦʯ֮ϣǿգͻȻһƬãȻܾʲôϸʲô벻
ƽҸҲûʲô㣬ΪЩ̤ʵ
͹ĪЦҪʳǷԺ飬ȡҫ뷨ĸӲ޲ͬ⣬ֻܰɫ½ƼָŵɫԻ
ĪЦǸԸ񣬵ձʰңǧԶʳǡ
أһ״ԪĪЦ½磬ޣʩ߹ٴ
ˣýԴϲ޺
ĪЦȴֻǿգ޻աܸоӦвʣԾƽӹ
Ϊ߹٣ĸ޶ȫҲƣǰ;һƬãܸһأѵҪȥʵ۲Ÿģ
ţԼҲһˣԵ治뷨뷨һҰݰ賤ֹֹס
ҹӵ˵ůůΪůůȰֻ˵ʲôԼ֧
ˣ򸴺󡣿ĪЦȴ׹ߣܾﲻԡ
еůů˵ɼӴǰ˳ǰ֮˲ͻ
ҹмǧַ꣬顣ĪЦȴҵľӣ˿᲻¡
գҪΡĪЦڱĸߴ٣ܰΪҡ
ҹŮȥһױ߿ˣξߢϤǰĪЦȴһ˼ûС
ܰҲġӦǸĵŮӣǸ֪ͼļˣȻֻǸѾߣĸŮҲǸֻ˵ҡ
ˡ
ĪЦȻһ鴤ʹҲըѰƾǹĴʹûʹȥ
ʶģһиΪʹ۾֮ܿڵһС
Ӳݱûмլû檣ûиöŮֻһƬ
ĪЦѪ˫۳죬ǾʹԽǿңľĨȥ
ϤһУǳܰĪЦִһƿܰʹЩ˫ĿֱӲֻ޴Ů
ŮӣŮԵλŮãԵλжԵԵλԵλȢůůΪǸոһɲǵĪЦƵʳƵŭܰ𽥿ʼܽ⣬һɢ
ĪЦ۵ᣬ񴷴򴲰壬еʹ޷ݣľʹҪĥˡ
һжǼٵģûиĸû檣ҲûжŮûνļҡ
˭Ϊʲô
ҪＫޣĪЦȴһ˳ȥ֮Ϥľ󶼻Ϊޡ
ܳǰʧĸɢŮŻΪĭ
´ߵůůһֱĿ⿴顣
ůůůů
ûˣůůֻҪůůڵĵطͻǼҡĪЦܹȥٴʧȥһС
ůů𣿡
¼̾ϢĪЦȻ
ĪЦҡͷֵͷʹ޷˵ĸŮܰʧˣȻѹҲûд˿ġůůҲǼٵģľûмˣʧȥһУһС
Ҳ᲻ůůԲԣֻҪٶ룬һоͻƽһůůһֱ㡣
ҰһƬģĪЦֻ֪Ҫһ˲ͻԹȥ֮󣬻Ļůů˵һлع
ǰٵҪ
ĪЦԼ˭˴Ҫ׷ѰһУɻûǣԼ̰ͼݣ޴־ķˡ
ⲻҪһУȻٱ棬ҸҲչ鲻
˺ѰľʹĪЦ棬㲻Ժ󣬷㳯ůůȥ
һεģĽᷢҲĭ
ĪЦ˺ѷεĺУڲɢͽԼˮݺᡣ
һǿҵµķߺ޺ͲʣӿȣҪȥǣޱɱ⼴֮ʣĪЦͻȻоؿڴһƬů⣬һ֮ǫ֮̈̄С
¡
֪δһ죬ĪЦȻۣ߸ǵˮ
۴ưܲոһУǻһΣʱǸһеĪЦ
һУոշ侳Ĳʵ
ĪЦž࣬дʹ࣬
ȫδɢȥĪЦȻǹɱ֮ںȻѹ£΢ֱʧ
ĪЦڴϢã˫Ŀڻָ
Уֱֻ̧֣֮ϣȻһѪɫצӡֻۼΪ嵭ϸģ
ĪЦ˼֮ʣһư׷Ʈǰæ̷ƬӵԪࡣ
ԭĪЦһƬȻ֮ɫ˴һ󣬿ɻûԸ˳Сξй꣬Ԫ˼ʮ꣬ûʶƴֻ»Уװɥ


119 
ܹĻعʵ, ƴ֮ѹڱų̂ʧأΪֻɱ¾ķӡ
뵽ξ﷢, ĪЦֻ¡õ˷ܵõһҸЩ, Ҳ֮򡣵ůůѡһ֮·, Ըͷξ, ѡֱʵ, ʹɥʧС
ĵ
ͷͨĪЦ̨һƬΪҲŲ, ͣڡֻһ, Ľ, ԭΪҪްһ, ĳɾͣû뵽ֻһζ, ܰΪ
뵽ոڵĸоĪЦһθпħ, µõĺôֹˡ
Ѫӡ䵭ɼ, չ˳ΡྭþӦÿԵõħʸ
뿪
Ũ, ĪЦ֪˶, ͻ޺Զ, ƺһЩ
ĪЦŬֱЩ˵ЩʲôҰУ㿴˾һĻ
ֵֻͬȺƵĿ񱼶ǰ񱼵ʿһˣΪٶȺ̤һѪʬ޴档
Щÿֻµޣ֮࣬ٲȻѾʿԳܵķΧʹˡ
ĪЦֻǸڵʿ޷ֻֿͷƤ飬̾Ȼ߱÷еʱͿջܹʱܿȺļ̤ӿƿǱɰΣ
뷨ܺãע˫ȣҪʱеһ̩ɽѹľڵϣ
ĪЦ亹ֱʿΪֻǱܣûдӿߣ˵࣬Ҳʿӡ
ʿǿҲȲ޵ʱĪЦѾо˫ŹǦƵĳء
Խ׷ԽǱ֮Ѿ͸󱳣һëĪЦ֪޿ɱܣλѣȥվҪΨƴһ
Ļܿû˳֮Сʿ˿ûȺĶ־ܵһһ졣ĪЦȲǵΪ䵽󣬼Ⱥû˿ٲЩսӵķһкʣ޼˲Ϣƥ糤磬ֱ̳ǰţ״ޡ
ĪЦѾȺΪߵֻҪȺơ
ƺûԤϵһСʿеɫԿ޳ޱܹԲеĴһ˿Իɻ
⧲ĹƣֱӴţ״޵üġʹ˫Ȼ𣬰֮佫ĪЦ˴һͬС
ǹɾ޴󲻿ɵֿѹ֮ٶϮĪЦֻȫѹ˲͵ϣϹͷ˼
Ⱥ˻𲻶ϣͣǵĽŲҲǰֻǹ̫֮޳ǰƽ̳ۿҪĪЦѹ֮ʣһֿĴ
ƽеɫĺӣ㣡
һӰ̶ֱ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǰ
Ůȹӡ
Ҳһץסǰ㣬ǽ˶˦ڵϣ
ӳ˻ֱἡٶͣһ֣ȫûзӦ㱻ٴҵڵء
Ⱥһɧң޼̤ǰޣţ֪޲֮ͬ֡
һĻ̫㤣ĪЦĿɿڴ
ʲôǣһʿܽһ޵ӣ⻹ˣ
Ӻˤ˷ʮΣı޲ۿѱҵѪģ޳һɢ롣
Ӽ޷ִ֣֮ͣ˼ûһ˦˦еĸ첲һ죬ʮִץڣһٽƬ̺ͳһŸӵСھ
ɫھǱĪЦĶҪãϹ⻪ת̺˲֮
ھ޾ڣһᣬеٶȱɫԽã˵츳Խǿ֮Ҳޱ츳εޣΪﵽһʱ
ӿ˿ھһЦǷǰǰһͨ̽˶
ĪЦĸƤֱ
ھΪӲǲ̷ֱԹת
кӣݾȽҪӲֱھ֮ɫƺĿ˴ֱھ
ֱͲˣһֻߵĹޡ
ޣ¿϶ֻ˵֮൱Ѿȫÿһ˷ǷӲȣ
ĪЦǰʵλ֣զˣ
֪ģϴĺζĪЦЩϤӵĳζͬҲûж룬Աȭлް
Ŷһ־òԣϸϸĪЦۣһĴȵѽ㰡㲻ǸСʿͦԵզ
֪ϳԼĪЦҲûзϣҴڹؼ֮ʱһ˵ƣЦ˴ΣأҲУ˼ʮԪúּЦˡ
ԴɻզûɶΣգ˼ҹޣ˼˼װߵϵˣɶԪôأ
ĪЦǳ鴤ԼһξͲո޴ػ޳֮£ıԼ࣬һ¶֪ûϵļơ
ǻȻӣ˱˵
ĪЦԸ츳ͷԣ뾹һ˸ȥһʱӡ˺һŵĪǲ֪˵Ǻδ
һãȻҡͷ֪𣿡
˴ħ֮ڡĪЦԾһ֪ģ͵ħһؾڱҪħɽ֮ڣӿϡҵʿΨ߳ⷽϣȡؾʸ񡣡
Ȼ򣬵˵ؾ֪ˡؾҲûɶǶͦóԣĵرһѡ
ѰʿһܽؾѾΪ俴Ųʮ˾ŵӣǸĪЦƬ̣Ž뿴ħʸӡǡֻҪӡʵ˴
غһ㣬Լֱڳºغë¶ĪЦʵӡǡ
ոĪЦֻǽˣǺɱǲɢȺԣӡֻ΢һûкֱӡôԡ
ֻҪپһϿ飬ɳӵħʸ


120 
²û, ĪЦսΣೢԲҽУү˸, ȡɵĿܡ
ĪЦ۲΢Ժһǵ, ƣ, ֪ɷУ
ȻһЦ, , 秵ðϰߣһͬҲи飬ܺùһ˶У
ĪЦЦΪǱл֡, ۡ, Ϊһ, ҵϢƬ̡
СϵֻܵϢ, 㿴šνİڰ֣˹Ϣ, Ƭ־û˼ȥʬ﷭ңѰھԡ
ù, ĪЦڽҵϢȳ, ΪҲָɡ˴ȣǲõɲá
ŲȴȺʿȥ, ʬ, ʱ۾, һӵϣͼھ
ʿΪϢӲȻǲɢޡĪЦںǰηս𺬹⳯Ϯȥ
û뵽һʿҲҳǶ֣ĪЦ
ȻֻĸսߵڣĪЦϴˣԪӦԵΪǱǺͷſսʶСϵܱĸսӵķ۸ھ˹
ֻ·Ļӳһȭƿһʿ֮ĹǶϽۣѪɡĪЦ̵תΣһ̴ʿͷ­
кս˱仨ˮĪЦûոʱѶľʬ塣
æޱȵѹʿǵĴͳͳһûĪЦ
ԴˣĪЦǲ⡣ںᵶУѾѹ㹻˿ȫܰˣҲȻ
Ҫսʣ˫ȻסĿֱ֮ϡ
֮ǲѪӡĪʵ˼֣˵ĺۼ
ĪЦ˿ľʬ壬ͷȻһ
ҸոɱʿĪӶϵħӡǣѪӡʵѵ˵زϿԵʸɱӵʸ֮ˣҲԲʵӡǣ˴£ĪЦͷӻȡ
ɫƳһۺа㡣˿̺ӡѾ൱ԣֻҪɱ˴ˣԳɹħʸ߳˵ء
ܿ죬㽫뷨֮ԺȲ˵һǴ֮ǿûʮܽɱ˸˵ĵˣڴ˵ظǹԮ
ǿúɱʿɸѪӡ
ĪЦԼæסеĴһزūģɲҪʲô˼ҲʯͷƤˡЩù鰳
ĪЦһЦĻҾغΪˣȻ˼ɬҿնɱʿһöУȨով֮
Ⱥ˺£ɵĿãЦôˣСϵǸˣȻûˣ
˵ɾ͸ɡ֮У̽ķΧ󣬵ĪЦչҪȺĿ췢Ŀꡣר˶ĵطȥ֮ëݲʿ֮
ûѪӡʿĪЦķŹ̽ϣڵõӡ֮ȥնɱӵѪӡĪЦ쵶ն飬һڡ
ᵶһУĪЦ͸Ⱥɢ޵ĳɱ޸УҪ˵Ӳİ˲Ҫ
Ĭһɱˣһᱦһ·
˿̣һòɹ£뷢԰׵߻۾
˫۾ƴ֮˻ǲһ峺ֻ߻Ҳ˵ӰӣݺᣬƤи߸Ǳ鲼ȫ˵֮ҲΪ
峺˫罣⣬ͬɿݾջϣһĨЦݡ
ﻮʮ꣬ڵóԸҩŽΣħŵΣͬҲƾԼŬ߳ħϣؾ֮Уֻڴ˵ȴ£ħ߿ұؾи𵤣۰һ
Ϊ߿Цü価ǵ֮ɫ
ɺҩȺƥ˵ҸҶ˴Ԫﶮãƽӹ֮Щƫŷӣܳɴ£Ϊʤ߱߱аֻҪɾͽ𵤣պɢޣҲңڣū۵ޣ齨ţһ֮
ԹߣȻ˵ĿٲȻһϮ֮ˡ
Ҳȷʵнʱ
ʱĸ˫ΪҩŵӼƾɻ츳ڷһ·޵ڣֻϧ츳̫Ȼҩŵĵҩɲ˴ӣȡŮӾѪҩһŵ˷Ȼ編ƣ뵤ֶΣڵΪ
Ϊ̫죬ܿע⡣֮£ЩΪǵþ⡣ҩųϴŭҪΪǽҩŵ飬ŽԪ룬ϵʮ깷
Ĳʣ䲻ܼУƾһ֮Ӳֹסƶ񻯣һ˿
ֻʮʱﻮħߣѰϵһЩƾЩɹõһöѪӡӵ˽ħߵʸ
λҩͽľӪһɹ緶о٣񱼶йг졣
Ҹжã˵ͷһæû֮ڣһҩ裬ӰƺΪһ壬ҡ
ĪЦһɹ¡״֮Ҷȴɴ׳ʮ˺ϱС
ĪЦĦãҿ˿üͷ
ոյУһһӰ֮ǿʿӦǲ˿ʧֿܣһʿĳǿԿ˵أʿĳֿ֪֮ڡ
ùԾϵĿ֮һͬʱܿ飬ʿ˵û֣ɱǡ
ĪЦԺħɽ쳣ֲͬʱܿ顣ڴΪһȥһ̽ãҲԸ֪֡
һ·٣ĬĪЦδҪһѾƷŲɣΪ֪˿Ҫ󣬺ֲԿȻӦ
ĪЦ˿ң֣Ϊһڼ䣬Ī뿪˵أգҲҪһͬӦԡ
Ϊı°˰ֵ޷޷ȥǣ϶粽㣡
ĪЦŷģŲߵ£ϥ
ҰһƬģ˲Ϣá
ʱĪЦԼվһﻨ֣ŨľʢЪϢޣÿһֻǿޱȣٶĽס
Щ޼ĪЦͻȻ֣ȴû¶һ˿֮ɫֻ̧̧Ƥº˯
ĪЦľڵ״̬һֻ׽ɱ
ΣЩûжĪЦ׳ŵһǰߡ
һ£λ׺塣
뷢԰ףƮȻɣȻĪЦĸоϢ೤ǿ˶Ҫл˵Ϊɲ⣬Ͷ䣬һƱãѹȵĲ»Ҫ
˵ԭǰ벽ɵǿߣҪǿѵλˣ
ĪЦ𾪣ȴûǰŲỺߵλߣû˵塣
λ߻벻˽ӽɲӶġÿĴ̣ĪЦԼӯһ֡ƺҪһա
ǿĲһĿ֡
ԭȻǸӣ׷ȴҲʮ־졣Χ壬мءĪЦ̳ݼ䣬Ҳܿóλɷǣɵߣʵ¨ӡ
̬ڵĶµһͿĲ
ſţĪЦоԼ꼴壬ƮƮȻϷɡ̱񣬲ûڻ֮ûǷ
ʵģһᣬǰȥֹһλӡ
ף


121 
, λͬʱԨ̶ž޲ӳǺӡ
ûκθɫʵӣĪЦȴٴ, оıƣܵĳСǹѹ, ͷһΡɽ͡
ĪЦԾĿʼ, ǿǾ޴ѹ, ѿڣǰ, ס
һλһЩ߻ڣһ˿ײĲãԣӦӣ
ĪЦ˿ֻҪ˻ܹͨ, һԲϱ㽫, Ǳлء׳ŵӶк, ֮ϡ
ԭĺ, һ£ѳһ֮, ޱɱС
߲һ˲ϸĦƬ̣Ц
λ, ȴü, ԥٳ޷ӡ
ĪЦһתֱ̧㽫еİӶ, һǡ
ʱ, Ʊ, ԭӵ֮ƣһ£֮ࡣ
ߵʱãЦã
СҷԴԼ߸ƾԣɫѰһ㣬岻ӡ
ϲЦտĪǺˣǨŭһС
̴ӵۣ廹ҪһСָ㣬Ҳ޹⣡
ۿ˾ҪֱͷӣһԲϱ·ҷĪЦæλʦĪҪֻǶоϲָ㡣λдˣɷ̸һ֣
λ߻һۣмְȻ֮ɫ
һС䲻ʮ꣬ҵѶģֻʧʡ
ĪЦ˿ԣɹܹ壬ĸԵ˿ֻֽһʤ޷λ˾ͨ˵ʵƽδһĳѧգ˳ȫ
λϵɫЦҶδֳʤһָͬСһݴ䣬գ
ҲȻһЦȻӦ¡
λ˿ûԾĳ¨ӲλĪЦ
ʱ
λɫεĿȵİӣ½ĿͶ޹ĪЦ
üƬ̣չյӿɽҲڴ˵ϣ츳׿ʤҵһ
ҲЦһҲΣεľǱ˵ĺУûŮ츳˵ãһ֡
ĪЦͷһƴһֱݣδֹ⣬λߣһʼ㶴Ůݣɡ
þģɣĪЦж˼ּƽϡЦӦ£λ塣
һ̡̣ʮ¹λٲĴݣǴͷɥλߵĺӶԼεһ룬ߵԼһȦ
ĪЦһЦλ˹ȻվտֻѧƤëඥǳֻ壬ľȤֲͷΣ
ɫÿһЩҪΣ
ԪдĻλʦܰҹ̱ԪԸԴģλʦΪΣ
ĪЦؿڵƴ˳֮ϡ
֣ĪЦѾλƣͯһִĳ֮ʶڶ֮ʱԵõˮûзâˣɱ˶ᱦûзȵ¡οҪ֣Ҫѣﻹ˵ϵı
λһЦŮ޵ǻҵ۽磬ҲԸԣĶһ
˺֣λʹһ֮ܣаٰ㲻ʣسŵһԪĪЦ
֮ԴԴ͸֫ٺĪЦԭ԰׵ͷҲº˵ӯʤǰƬҪЧ
ĪЦ˺ôϷŹλˣʱʩչ֮λߵǼԼ塣
ֹĪЦȺõ˿һԪӤڲſеطһŲЧɹһ̺Ʒҩ
ɴ˺ĪЦιλ߶ǲԸ֮ģһ֣㽫˳ȥ
۾ĪЦױȵӯϲһڻþеõطɹҩûдǻõһԪ˿ڡ
þܴʵ壬֪ˣǶҪһЩô
ţ̨Ȼһ˿޼ϴ񣬾޶ʵȻֳ⣬˲ϢѳͣΪ״ӵС̨֮С
Ϊչ̨Ҳٶչʮ࣬ӿڷɣΪ˰ưʵʣ
⻹ûֹͣĪЦֻоȫѪӿϴ£ϴ壬ܶȲ弫ޣӲʮ࣬ԴԴϣ䶼ܴһˡ
ĪЦı仯ϲδϣһɱѰҪ˺鿪
ѵ˿δȫþҵѾܲס
˿ѾȻ˴֮ɲΪѾԲδڵĺȻδ񣬷һܹ֮ء
Ƥʼѣ̨𵴲֮ʣĪЦҧס̴Ӵн´ϡǹɱ֮ȻһɣԴԴӿ֮ڣţ뺣ת۱㲻ټ
ð죬ĪЦŲ˲޽µĺˮ˿
ա֪ĹܣΣұڽӡȻϿ飬ǿӣѹֲ˵˴ʮûıӲ³
νþĪЦħϵ֪Ϊ̡
ϴһĪЦȻһ̽ջشǰֻŴһ˴ӣ϶˼ˣֱ۹ͭƤϣָȵ˿ڣðŨ̡
ĪЦ֪ʲôһԾߵߵ֣˺£
תͷСϵһЦðŧˮиӰ˻ôˡզѣ׷ȥָҩ
ĪЦΨֱŧˮ罦ӴѰ˼ŽⶾĵҩݸþգʵԿʦֿЩҩ˹Ƴ
һҩ̽У˹ãϵĴŵȥֱֻ࣬۵˿ɲת
ĪЦϸ£ֱϵĶʮأ·ɶźӣӦǲһʱ䣬ӵ
ⶾЩŵ˲ټϹһʱδ׷ϣֽϿ飬һ
ĪЦ»þе˵Ȼȥ֮¡
Ҳ˵þ׺ͷͻ˽ⶾ
ĪЦ˵ͷֻӮˣ˵ɵøô
΢һɣʣֿɻ𣿡
һӣ벻⣺кѣСʹ¸ѣͻˣ
˵գҲĪЦŹֵһƨڹ£˻þ
ĪЦΪ令ҲϥΧ
²ã֮ڣ㴫ŲĪЦüϸһڵʿ׷һŮӡ
ŮҲΪϤǺȻڣ̨ͬ
ŮԾ֮ʱֳһ澡ʧĪЦһȳΪŰ࣬˺˲ٻ¡
ĪЦԾ޴֫hʣŮԣԩ֮࣬ԴŮҲûκκøС
ĪЦǳ𣬵˫Ա֮ŮֻǱƿ½󣬱ԶԣɼĲᣬɲ˶Լǽ壬ʵԩ޴˵
û뵽ħ֮ڣܿȻŵĵӡŮȻܹ˵أ˵ѾңҲ֪ձ֣óǿء
ĪЦ˶ĻŬǿңһĲˣҲһңĪЦ̾ĿҲԾĿʼӿơ
ξȳ֫hãҲղ󣬿ĳҵӣ˵ЯȻҵӹһħߣпɹ
ĪЦо˸Ŀ⣬̰
˿ֻ֮ɫü価ǽʱ̫̣δߣѡȡħʸ֮ˣҲȻûķݡΪ˱ݵڡ֮ҲΪ˺дϧɫ࣬뼸λȾŲ䵽һ񣬽ħ֮ڡ


122 
ܳɹȡʸ, һɳ죬ָտɴ׼㣬֪ħô֡ǿͨһϿ, 㱻һʿ׷ĵܡ
ͳųҲѧֲ, Ǳ󣬸ѧһ൱ǿ, ׷, ̽, ϱڵʿϣ
ˣ죬Ȼֻǲɢ, ΪܹӲӦ, ˴
, ˵صʿֻΪ, б֮ɫʲʦ֮, ̼ᣬųʦ־ңԸ̷ϯ, ֻһ
ĪЦ֮µ, ΢ɲĳ鶯һ£ȴû̳֡
зߺһɳʿ񱼶ʿǷܹ, ǻˮ, һ汳Ҳֵ
ʿ, ѷŻŲ֮ˣֻǸڵʿ̴ЦպиӡǵĵޡΪ䵽ħߣ罫Եң
ʿҲûΪλʿΪ΢ӣֱɱССƷγӶȥĺġ
˿޵滨꣬Ҽɽ·ӦܹСгһֽʣһСˡСǰͣ
ĪЦԹۣδһ¡
ó俴·磬ȻϢ೤ȣûбôڵʿҲ򲻹ðȻ֣ܱܿɽۻؼʱ̳䲻⡣
භСƣʿΪûаæ˼аޣŲһתǰͼˮ
ĪЦ̺˵ǰ
ڱθ֪̽ŷִ˵ػһʿֱ֮ϵӡǣѾȫʵ
ʿϽ¶֮ɫǿãôһӡǼɱʿӶӡǣпһӵħʸ
ĻԵûʿͬʱȥʩչֶΣȫĪЦ˿
ĪЦʣ޼˲Ϣʩչ
ϴӵ޼⣬ȻгɣƵƥ⣬糤ֱϮš̫죬̫ǿ⧲£ֻǿֿ
гȻѣ˺ɶȥײʯ֮ϣȻ⾹Ʋƴʯһ·һۼ˴Ůȫ
ʿûǰ㲻޼ط׼˲СˡֱѪ죬ɼǵ˺ۣڽݺᣬƲвپ֮ס˺ʮಽֹסΡ
һ֮ǿˣ
ĪЦҲû뵽гɵ޼⣬ֻǸʿΪߣʹ޼¸Ϊˡͬģĺʵֲϴ̨Уʮѷʮ֮һ
ʿɫ󺧣ȫû뵽һʿֶΣһҲˡħʸǰȥֲģ¾ƴһĶ־Сٴǰʿո֮ʣȻ̳
ĪЦѷӲСӵǶСй켣ǰ壬һСͬʱһȭʿš
ʿӦһȭػȻ죬ĪЦһȫκʿִ֮ȴû֮ǿᣬһȭɳȥֱ۶
ĪЦԼһ£ܿ췴Ӧ˹ʤ׷ʿѪ֮ʣٴȭ򣬿ƺ·ʵÿһȭҪ֮Ϊꡣɱ˼ĪЦѵļɣԣֱɱС
ʿǿΪոܴڽ֮£ĪЦȭ֣ʱȭʿʲŻʹָ䣬Сӱ͵Ϯ
ĪЦ޿ɱܣӲȭֱӴʿţӲС֮ʹ
ʿʱڵأкһ賤âңĪЦŻ˺ۡȴȫ˾ʹȭٶͶʿδüҺһͷ­ѣϢ
šĪЦҡμ£Ͻ¼öҩֹס˺󱳵Ѫ
С֪ʲôɣʱ֮뾭ֻоڻƣʱ޿̲ȼԪ
ոմλõԪ˿˷һЩҲܳŵסȫѨĴһַ´ϣǹ͵ʹ˥
㡭ɱ˼ǣݡǶϽۣһϢ˿ȻδȴҲӣò˼ĿⶢĪЦ
û뵽ڴ˴ˣЦոջΪ˽ˮ˵ǷԼϯĻû뵽˫֮ŹãӾնɱһڵɢޣ
³ɺޣ޷ƽؿ˼£ŻһѪкƣҧ㲻ɱңɱңżλʦֶŹ㡣
ĪЦ첽ߣۿŮһԡ
ֱڣڱУԷŲԹޣԲѡûϳԼʱΪ˻ϧ˵ǵȲ֪ܵĻⱰ΢ǿӲˣҲǰʴʣ
ûж֣԰г֮ɫŨҪΪŭ籡ݣ㣬䵽˵ز֣㲻ҪһգҪٴһϴˢ裡˫ԵһΣ㻹ǲŴļޣŲһѾɽѰ㣬ĳӣὫʬΣ
ĪЦüͷһ壬Ѱ֮£Ե֪
Ž֪׺ӴһںȻŴһʦ˵Ӧǹȥ֪ΪϲȻŭһͬɽѰ㣬ִİ׳ϻܷգδݣС֮٣ŭԹȻֻ֮нҾع֮ʱһ顣
飿ĪЦв޷̣ʲôʸ飿
Ͷ࣬ĪЦٷϻ䣬޻֮ͷ­أеĳ֮ɫδɢ
ĪЦĮջĿ⣬һץ䴢㱻ģ΢һбų⣬һֱõҹıŮЯ
ԸɣĪЦȴްϲ֮⡣
ɽһͬɽѰһҵӣΪ˵ϸԼ˽ԹУǿ˵ùȥԴӽɽŲʣܾżҲδվһΣôѰ
ѵɽȻţǱͼ
ĪЦʱԼãûκųϿصĵطչֳǱɲʶܲĽǽԭ
ϵƴѱɽ֣Գ֮οġֻǲӣɽһųϣλΪɽ
ĪЦԴ벻ͨеĹؼ·һĴΧУ
һֱǴѵʱҲδ뿪ȻšںȻŸ̫࣬δ͸ļֿɣ뿪˿ңҲò
ʿĴУر֮ĪЦֻȡƿҩ㽫ںǰ
ǹ֮ѾʧĪЦջشϥˡ
֮ڣǳԲɼʱգ۶֮£һɮ㣬ʼձĿĺȻ˫ۣһŭȳͻɽ֣ۻΧ϶˱˼֡
ĪЦͷһ˶̥ǣʮ㣬ΪҲڣӦڻþ֮е˲ٺô
ϲ֣
ȫѣĿתĪЦֻһѪ£һʬ֮УǺЦĿճѪҺʪ˿Ѳʱɡ


123 
ֿ˿ʬ, 洦ɼĲѪ£ǰĴһʱ, ԡ
һþ֪, Сϵڴػһֱնɱʿ, 粽, ϵѪ¶֪ټһڵС, Ϊˣ䲻ף
Բ;ն˾ռߡֹ, ҲûüѡֻǴδĴ, ж, ͺᡣ
Сϵ, ֵ
Ȼ粽ĪЦ, ڵСϵܿԸ֪
ĪЦ΢һɣպħߣ˻, ҲûıҪ, ֱԵȻݣ
׽˼֣ҪμУһĪЦ, ˺ҺݱǹĽ飡
ѱϴ, , һƻĵĪЦѪͬԶžѹӲȻƴά֣û󣬲©ۼһ
˿Ըжȵı飬һ˿΢
ڼ䣬ȷʵ粽롣ɾȻĪôǵƿв㣬ڴʿԹʵ
ڵΪǱΪߵ˶ӣУӵмʵħӡǵĺǸȻİӡʿĻʬ塣
ҶддĵҩΪܣ֮䣬ĪЦ˺ۣѣսսͦ˺ѡնɱʿӶӡǣĪЦѾȫʵֱϵѪӡӵħʸ
ȻᣬĪЦҲûгĵֱϵӡԼһ޶Ҷѻħʸ񣬺Ҫδ㣿
ǵЦֶݺݵҧǰ͵ϮˣʵզأȴĺܣˣѰ𣬻ɴ׬һʣ
˵ʵĪЦ񹦳ɣѰһħʸ߲֮أ⺻ҽᡣ˵ãսħߣɳһѻôΣٰһΣǷ飬Ҳ
ˣĪЦȻͬ⡣
ħϷԱѻʸ֮ϱˣУҲû֮ǰ·ãȻ֮С
һ·ǺƺĪЦੲݣСʱ͵ˣ͵ڼҹѸз¶̫ɽеľҲһһʮĸ޲ý˵
֮ԣĪЦ֪˳΢һؾ˴к;̸䣬ƺɽ粢˽⣬ҩźȻͳŶûʲô
ͻȻ뵽ʲôͣ˽Ų˵ԺȻţ
ĪЦ˵ͷ˵ѽˡոսǻþ֮Уͷ˺ü֣˵ҪһԵ
ĪЦɫŹֵĿ˿ڹһӣ벻֪ļҵŮôùµʵʲôԵ
һ£Ϻ˵ȻһŮΪ֮Ů˴Լպ˷ؽѣػǶ;ȺۡԵһļ˵Ůһ˿Եڰϡ
ŴԣĪЦֱ˼֣Ȼأ
Ȼ󰳵ȻӦˣҪȺˣñŴӺɷкΪޣϺƲϻĺô˵ԵţԺõֵܡͲҲںȻţԵ͸ˣ
䣬ĪЦоһ˿˵Ķ壬ϸ֮ȴκ
ĪЦ˶ɵˣԭؾþԡ
ûעԾɆ¸ͣʤˣҪô˵̫࣬Ե춼Ҫͱ󶴣ָ˵ס˵ҪˮӼҹӵ˵һŮΪΣ˳鲻ϧ˿һŮղԵ󽫶ħҶԵϵڰϣ˵ܵա
ĪЦǿƤһǿʣͬ𣿡
ڰֵͬⰡʲôξȻϲŮˣȢʤպ󻹲øʮ˸ñӣ϶Ϊ˵һ꾫Ѫ˼䣬Ȼ츳׿˲սػϣɱķϧ·Ϊй޹нѣԵδ֪нһ𣬾ͿԸ۷塣
ĪЦǳ鴤һ£һҲԼĴֻܣ쳤ӵ־ܾˣ
Цһܶҵӡ
ǵȻǸˣ꾫и¶ˮԵУһȢ˹ţºӻοҪˣڵϻܸȵᰡУȻУ
ĪЦ˿ϻûɶˣ˵һŮӣӦǣ츳⣬ɣΪǸõóԣӼҴƣᣬûʲôҰģǷϰҪȢ۷壬ܷҡ
ĪЦԽԽԾзǿ׶Ųˬ㶨Ǿܾ˶Բԣ
ԥĵ˵ͷҲ˺ܴĲžܾŮͦãɰ߳жܿԼ﷢ңҲ̫ûˣӺҪأƾԼ°
ĪЦǶҲ֪ôе㿪ģҲ˼֣󣬺ֿٵúԵˣ
⡭ԴϻԴ뵽һˡ˵һȨһŮˣΪѡΪˣˣ֮в۲ϣ޹ػᱻ֮˿ӺԵϵڰϣܰ٣˵д컯һǲ̫ɽеʥʹ˵Ů˺üˣഺ٣ôܸһŮо𣡵ȻȻܾͷȻ˰ľܾӲ˰ͰѰ߳˻þ
˵˴ĲԸĿһ
ĪЦգգۣӿ뷨ŵ֣ҵԵ
զ˵
ĪЦѭѭյ˵㱻˴Σͳһμ䣬ĳѩʥʹ鰮Ϊ˻ЩˮƼȣ㽫˵һȥ⵽һʿ׷ɱҲǣ
æͷ
ĪЦֵ˵ѩʥʹûнּ䣿̫ɽУʥʹѩʥʹ˽֪Ǳʥʹ˴Σ۸ļ䣬֮ڣѩʥʹ޶ܴȺ뱨𣿡
һ£ʱŭԭ˵ϵ·զˣԭ˼޻Ů˺ȻӺϾλȨأզܱ𣿡
ǱšѵʥʹԵպʥʹػΪֵŮˣôôǰƣǧ̣ӦǺ˵㡣
ȻʣһţЦĴΪ⣺벻һȻСϵ㣡ô죡Ů˿ӰùȰؾɱ̫ɽУһչ۷磬Ůˣ
ĪЦһЦֻһ飬ֵһᡣֵóԸѩޡ
پ֪ڲ࣬⣬ָĪЦ˵˽þľ
ԭ⺻Χ壬ƫƫʮţָңλŭɶҪӳȥ˵ɵĶ̫û˼塣
Χ̫࣬λѵһˣȻӦʡ֪¨嶼²ףܱòôõĪЦѣֻҪôһ׳ޣΪǾڡλ˲ٸ⺻̫ôҪǣԵ֮ǰľ
λõ˵ĹȻֻʣ¨ɬӦһ˺ľ
ĪЦипĸһ˿Եһ·һһĸģ֪ħ


124 
ôû뵽, ƾͳųĵӣܸһ³ɢޡɢûκӣȴƾǿ, ӲֶβҲҿ֮ǰ׼ʮ֮, ıҲ˵ãŽҲ
ɢҲùŶҩ, ûнҩһڱȻڶŽԭ, ûлȥɢ, ֮лָƣ㹶ħ߿֮ա
죬һ˹УͻԶнŲҪҪ֮ʱ, һ˿˵ԭСϵ㻹Ǹ, ʲôҩŵܰҲŮ, ô˵Ͷ, ħߣ϶Ǹƨ޼ˡҵܵܵŮ, ǻǻˣ
ˣܰװףֻǲ
ѽ, á뵱ѸҲ˻, Ҫ˰ͦġ˴ź˵ȢˣһϧѸ벻, ǱưȢȻͬⰡ, ڶ·ˡ
⡭Ųһ¡
¡Сϵ±ǰ, Ҫæһ仰¡˵ҪʲôŮˣ취ܰǰɣֻҪħߣܰ㴲
ס

üȻһϳǴɤӣǵսð·ɢޡôѹ˻û
ǶŶҩѧɵƷҩеĳ϶մȾֻǸɢްԵβ
Ѿ֮ܳΪˣԾ޷Ӧԣʶܣȴ˻
ȻҩͽԷ޼ҲİԲʮǴ֣ɽŵǰʮšɹ󣬸Ǵʣڱڣսؾʮ귽飬̫ɽУӴؾĴ¡
ؾͽؾɲһ
ؾߣ컯̺ŨĵرաѰ˽ȥܵһôԵܵõؾеĴ֮ӶˣƿؾܷؾеһԴԶΪؾ
һͨؾԴһСţ˷޼ƵؾƷͣĹɽ磬Ȼ˷ޣôô
Թؾȣ޼ֻжʮ꣬˳ɾֻͣҪزۣպسһܣǴ˵е𻯷Ҳǲܡ
һҩŵСѾͷ
뿪ҩʱֻܰǸСѾͷֻ֪Ů֪ʲôˣܰݵҩųΪʦֻǴŮʦžӡ
Ƿ޼Ҳħؾһôеļʣ١˷Ȼ˼Ȼƴܽܰ£׸޼˵ÿʱΪӻ̽ؾкô
˼䣬Ų˼֡
Ŀ˲ϣֻǱԣܸܵһâڱ顣

ӡǣ
ͬʱֻ紵ζͬʳϢ嵽˽
һҽɥ϶֡
Ƭ̺ĪЦͬʱ֣ҽᣬ޶Ķԣ໥һۣо̰֮ɫ
ǽ£ȻǱͷѪ۶ϣ²ʡ
ĪЦЦֿɷһá
ɵĿҪ⹷ɶ
ĪЦȻܽԼʥʹĽ˵Ѱ˵⺻ҪʣΪ鷳˼һתͻȻ뵽ںķѾᵽޣ˳˵һλɫˣ´׸
˸ĴָӦ⹷ϵĴṵ̂Ҫ֪ʱӻþʱǰжЩɻû͸ĪЦһ͵زūɫһ漰£һΣĪЦΪ
ȻɣĪЦȻûµĵ֮дʿ˾ʹ˱Լħ߹£ڴ˲ᡣ
˵ĪЦһϢ뿪ϣһ·ϻƫƧС塣
ʱֱҹ룬ĪЦĵûо˯ĴˡѭصϢĪЦܿڴһƫƧéҵһһ
ҹ¸յСԺˮԡ¹֮£ɫëΨ紵䣬ĵǼªСԺɾ
ߵĽЩĪЦĿ¶һ˿Ź֡
ſŵĲ²û˯ȥֻһͷͷһ޿ƣģϳëӳУܿŸβ͸סֻ¶һԲСԴȻء
˽ӽֻľתת飬ǰ˿˺ܾãͻȻӯ۵һ±СӴСĪЦ·ܵίظͣ
ԴӸʶĪЦδܵŮԴһʱסɫΪŹ֡
Сڵصأֵֶֶĵ˼£ƨɣŭɶĵԲ۾δڣһֱֻ㽫ŵǰ
ĪЦش۵Сۿһش۾гˮ۵һ´޳ǱȲ»Ҫң
һеĪЦɫڣڣŭ죡
Сס죬гӯż˵ˮ鲼Ź⡣
ĪЦӵϣ˿еʿصȻطϢ
ؼ۵ױ䣬˿Υƨƨߵ߻ط䣬ĵİŹϡ
ˣĪЦʿ£˵µСԴ¶Ц⣺ա
һ겻Ĳ£ĸ֣̾ӣһԾ£ָ˴ģ
ħϾΪӣĪЦص㽲úߴΪ𾪣á
˵ɱҹûþ˿֮ǣ޼⣬˰Ԫʶ˺Ե𣬻ٳһλħʸ֮ˣõʮʿĴһ仰أƺԴҽ˷һȰ
ĪЦͷü䲢û̫ϲɫ
в֮ԣҵȻԸ֮λԣﲢԵŮһǷ鰮ܹһ˿ԵҲûʲôýһ˿Եңֻ½󻹻Ů
䣬ĪЦ۰ԵĿ
ǰ˵ŮȤһΪλԵûкý
ĪЦ΢΢һ㶣ո˵ʱû̫ࡣ˿һ˿ԵǱĬӰɫ˼֡
ħеĻþѣλĿԴ۸Ե
˼һŵؾӦط̺֪λþеˣǷΣ㵱ڴ֣ʹ֮ڣλĺôûλ˵˿ࡣϲǻĿԴ۸Ե
ĪЦɫζӡ֪ˣһ㣬ܺսľϵԵҲ˵˶˽飬ǸĶԹܲ
ȻŵɽѾɽѰ㣬ϢѾ̫ɽСʥʹûϢô죿
ĪЦ˼һϹҲᣬɽѰңӦǱͼӦòὫʵ뷨ˡȻʥʹ֪ȻλѰңҲΪȻңˣеļֵɸߡµǷҸȳ֫há
ѾŮҹѵžСʦ㣿
ĪЦӲԽԵһ̾ϢȻںȻŽܵѹ־Ͼ̤;ĵһվѸ̫ܾ࣬ʹ˶Ͼ
֫hãΪŮҹ񹦷֣ӪʦĽҪ̶ȣҪۿۡǻںȻУ㻹֫hõĺɡ


125 
˵һ, ĪЦֽʿĴУͻȻĿһ, жڵϡ
һУĪЦһΪص顣
ҩٲݾ
ŲҲ˹, Ǳ֣ĿҲ¶֮ɫ
ҩٲݾ¼ҩ󲻴֮, ΨеӿϰáʿĪҩŵӣ
צǱ, ϸϸ֮, Ȿû˿ƣӦֳ
ĪЦٲɣϸϸ鿴Ȿǰȷʵ˰ֲҩҩԡ֮滹ע, ҩ, ʮЧͬĵ
ĪЦǶҽһϲͨǰѵһ, ǻҽͨṹ, ѨλһЩѰӦַҲΪڰ׺Ӵ, һЩѨλϣʹСܲסڱǵ̣֪һһʮ˵˳
ľ, ǰЩҩҩ, ܿƶϳʮǼаĶҩ
ҩżˣĺ, ֻڵ֮, ЩӦǴơ˻ʦҩ, ʦţȥաⱾҩٲݾҲȫǴдɡ
һɣȴҲҩŵ֮ĸȤܴӴѧһаʽպ۶ΪǶɱУмô
˼ˣĪЦʿŪѣһ򣬴˳˲Ϣ
ԭΪʮǰҩţԪ촦Ļıħߡ׼֣ʮѼ˲йħؾĴţҲĪЦħһĸ
귽ܿһεħߣ̺ĵرԲض˵Уħʥħλǿ߾սս֮԰벽֮ӲǬܣͼ۸ط򣬽֮أħߡ
Բ飬ħڣħ۵ĴУϵķ֮ҲӦ䣬ܿһպĪô
ĪЦҩŵ󲻴֮أֻһΣȴôϡ
˵ħŵͳʿеĹұ֮󣬱㱻˽ƣһǿй¶֮أؽƣ𡣾ⱾҩٲݾҲҶ꾭ܣû漰ŲأѲҪٱң
Ǳʦ֮ˣᱻ½ƣĪЦһһ䡣
ǱĪЦ򵽻ٱĥѧˣ˿Ķ֪޲ԣ֪ħŵͳŹϿдߣᱻֱĨɱЩѲģҲ౻ͳݣͨ׷ɱС常ҩų󣬻常飬ɱ֮Σܹõƣʮ꣬ѾǼ𷣡
ĪЦһǿҵĲ֮ɢ
Ѿ֪ȻŶԼ죬ǵΪô򵥡һ죬˺Ƥػᾭ˵֡ڣύĲͨӣǰˣɷŹ
ѣܶסħŵĺ׷ɱ
ǸȻѾܴȥǿҵĲʣԸ;
ħһºпɹ;֮УҡΪںȻУ踺أŴѹ۳ͬų⣬һõ˫Եһϧ̫ɽӪ֫hãʥʹίߣǶ¡
Уһǰ
뿪Ȼţһͽ˺ȥأ
ǧ˿ĪЦ˫۷·һԾս˫ȭ
ӲǸ̰ηǰˣǰ·Ԩ֮κΣ
ʿ¶׺֮ɫдĪæϢŭһãĪҪɱңңʦҩţΪƵҩΪĵҩɱεĶҩҶƣֻһ
ĪЦŻĿУ˼ɫ
Ҷ֪֮٣ɷ񽫵ҩ֮ң
⡭ɫ䣬һһĿԽһᣬֻѰţ漰źأҿԽڵѡѿԸģֻҪҳĽڣ㲻
ĪЦҪȥʥʹｻȻɱԡҲģ֤֮ʵЧơ
ڵִڣĪЦϸ½̵ڶһ;šʵȴϼѡ
ƵҩҪÿҩĵҩҩҪһĿػɣһûһʵ飬硣
ҩűƵҩļɵأŵĹУ㰵ػ֮ܣŵ֮ʱܵӦ֡ĪЦ޷ϰҩŴйֻܿԼһ㳢ԡ
йˮɵĸоͬĪЦƺ츳ʮγԣҩ۶ûгɹһΣĽ֮£޷רעۿŴеҩĲģܲ·˱ĺĪЦֹͣ˳ԡ
δܹ˴ۣĪЦҲЩգòºҲҩģһԴС
һԲСԴ̽˷ţĬĬǽ֮С
ۺĿЩ⣬͵Щ֮Ƭ̺ڵأʼ
Դˣֻ̧Ƥ㲻ᡣദգʶܺӵĿɶ֮޳֮ͽѾһҲٹأ˿ֵ徲ȷѱ޷ѣ˯
ɹͣĪЦת۱㿴һڶСɵ¯ùרע
ĪЦǳСͽȴһ΢𣬻ע뵤¯֮УԿ񱩵ĵһ˿ע룬ƽࡣظǼΪĽʮҩͶ뵤¯֮УССҩķֺκα׾
ĪЦ£ҲֵһԹۿ
һʱרע΢΢һСüëȻиĵһ֣ǵ¯СǱ򿪣зɳöͨĵ衣
öҩͲϿġҩٲݾ浤УһѪܵĶҩ
ҩɼ˾ѪʮҩĵͣɵֻһƷҩɱԲ͡ս֮ʱ˵ʿȫѪҺܽࡣͬģѪܵһƷҩеѶȣҲŵǰС
ͱѪĲ裬вþѪʧȥԣҩٲĪЦְܹ¡⾫ѪԴ˿ɫ԰ףԵ΢΢ü
˿ٿѾвĵҩ̣ʮ֮ࡣ
ƺһҹδߣش˸Ƿ۾һήҲ
ʱŲ⿴ĪЦŵһ֣Ҳ˲١
ʦʦ˺ܶ൤ҩ㡣
ССŴԲ۾˸šҡĶĿ΢΢С͸¶һ˿СţֺСֻץſӣ״
ѧ
ذԴҡ˲˹ģĻش𣺡ѧ
ðûĻӦգ¶Ĵ۾Լʦ¶СӲĸĿ⣬ƺԸƺǴＷ֣
ôõ˿佱أ¶ĵЦݣ۾һ˫ÿ̵ĻеС⡣
ĪЦûٶԣһӣǽ봢У˻ʹӳ˯Ĳ¡
ǽվͻ̫ɽС
պƫƧУУ۲
ɿˣħͷѾ뿪
ˣѾˣ嶼ҲѾˡ
´峤Բ鿴ü١ۣСţ壬ħͷ뿪
ҶǶ࿴һۣ㱻ɵڴ²ʡ
ҼĸŽпǶ˼ħͷ㽫ڱǷס
ǶϱҲǲСĳײħͷ㱻·ȫˣҹҹجΣû⡭
ҼС棬ͱڴͷɹܣ˰

һ߿߱Ҿһ߱档ʱмҼҹȼָʢڡ


126 
һ˽ѻħʸ, ع֮·ԭսųӲϵա
ٻ̫ɽУĪЦڽֵͣ, صһ·ֱլԺ
գլԺ, ֻǾ˲ڣԵø塣ĪЦվԺ֮, , þ, һʱǧ÷Ż
뷿УԾůůһֱסԷϤİ, Ǹϲװ, ڶһʱ, ԲѵŮ, ǹһ˿ůЦ⡣
ǰԵĲӡĺ, Խ˿װ㣬滹һֺеɰͼдšġ֡㹤, һһ, ͬӡˢһ׼һȴһƮݵζ
ĪЦ಻Ŀ, ϸ, ϵЦٴηŴ, üۼů⻯˳׵ᡣ

ûǶԼĳŵ
ÿ
᲻

ЩڴЩĪЦ˵оΪ˸ӣѾĴ˲׼Ϊδ˿̻һ˿ʵʵѵǵĲᣬ̰ҵĸоǼķ
ůůڣůů᲻ʧ
˼ˣĪЦ̷̿İֽչƣҪһšֻã޷¡ǧƺһ
þãҲֻڰֽϣһЩƵơ黭ͨĪЦ̳壬ڻһ;˳磬Ҳ֪ôվǻǼ򵥵ͼܾ⣬Ȳϻϵϡ
˷ʮֽĪЦŻе˳۵ķƣ룬ûдκ֡
ֵĴѡﲻ׵ѹֽϣĻطز̤˷䡣
˺գĪЦԾֻ֮߶˸㣬ĪЦҲûԼ
ڵһ;츳δϰҩŹ޷͸ߵȼĵҩ̶գɳɹƷ಻̫õĶƷҩ޲ڡ
ԴˣĪЦԹۣδֻۣʱ˫۷ſյĴֶ춼ٴ
һĪЦ㽫ϴȥּȥѹ׸ʥʹ
̨ʥʹɣƲһװӺݡֻĪЦôħкĻŮĿУһ˿˿
ʥʹΪݾòټ겻·ǸûʲôʿΧɱȴôϲǷմãԴӿмӡ
ƽͷ˴󹦣Ҫʲô
ĪЦã±ѿڶڳйһ̣֪ʥʹƼ
ʥʹΪ˻ἱͣҪ֫hã뾹ּҪһʱЩȻӸλ꣬ʥʹϲɫĵͳӵܣ̫ɽйòҵҲ¡дģһΣ
ĬƬ̺󣬱к˾ǰʮ̷ݸĪЦĪЦҲŤһһ鿴ѡһ䲻Сλĺõӡ
̫ɽ˻ãĪЦĵеĵ̷ֲѡӣΪʢ֮أƷ׵ڡ治ÿϽɵ˰ǮڳܷΧ
ԭĵ飬ΪӪ֫hҪʮ̳ڻܳԣĪЦƲΣգ̿¥ůůգս𣬽ȼü֮
ֻһʱĪЦůůˮߣƻֱҲûʵ֡
ᵶħһУջ˴Щۣ۸ƫͲ˵ע⣬뿪Ӷۣ͸ɿ֮˴պ۳ͳҲԼڴ˾Ӫ
ĪЦϲ̣ʥʹлֵںᵶУʦ㣬ʥʹǲʲô£ʦû˳ɣݿɴ͡
ǿǣʥʹ϶ɾ֮ˣȻеĿ֮⣬иΪ̹ӶԽģԽƿء
ΪŮᵶһУֻһˡ
ĪЦͷȻһһʱ֪λӦʼδû뵽ʥʹһ֡
Ů֫hΪŮΪ˸ƿԼ֮УûҪŹ֫háȡڴˣҲﲻĿġ¾Ϊʥʹ󹦼ҲŮҪҪ
ѵҪһ
ĪЦԸȴŮҲǳصģаޣȴ޷˺ƤڴŮǰһ¶ɫ̬֮裬ʥʹ֫hʹ͸֪ΪΣŮʶͷϧ֫hΪŮҲҪԼΰߡ
һɫж跴˸ʥʹУ֫h޷ΪɫὫŻغȻţ̫ɽзҲ޲סǽĿı¶̫ԣʥʹ񼣬ʦ
ĪЦװʮ־ȵӣϲ£
ʥʹЦüô㲻Ը𣿡
ĪЦȻЦ᲻Ը⣡ʦܵʥʹʶĸ
ʥʹŴЦƲ˵ǰλȻų̫ɽУѰ䡣һ˰ǰй飬ԴҲ졣ο
ȻɽɽѰ£ĪЦ֪Ҳ϶ѰԼп̫ɽϢֻû뵽Ѹ١Ҳҵʥʹ鱨ֶθΪѩʥʹȻĻס
Ůܽ˵Լ˵δ̫ɽе͸¶ȥ
ĪЦԽתܿ𣺡ݾòţȷʵгϵǡհ׺Ӵһ֮ǰһǰºڣ˵ҪƯƯɡ󣬰׺Ӵ帲Ļδ鰸ʦҲʧˡʵԶԣʥʹҪ͸¶ҵ١вܽٻغȻţ
͸¶Ϣ̫࣬ʥʹ΢Уи롣
ݱɽϺȻţü١壬ǺȻͽȻȻɸ֮ʣͦűܹ٣֪ʥ߶꣬𣬹ʶС
ǰδ룬ϸ֮£鵽ˣʥʹΪشˣ֫hΪŮҲеĿ
ȻλɽѰˣݲǰŲܴպǰ;ܷŹ
λȻļеӣҲαѰ֫hõĿģ㲻ֻΪɫ
ʥʹ˼Ƭ̣ȻʱĻعţҲֵõˣЩʱֻǲ֪ҪνĻȥ
ĪЦ¶ֱϵӡǣѳɹȡħʸֻУɹΪѰУˣڳǰ̧ͷ
ôϸ˵ʥʹѿֱϵӡǣ˿Դǣе˴롣
ˣ棬ʢҲס
ʥʹ̬ȺͻĪЦֵᵶһУҼŮͯոΪӣ˴ħһУ˵ûҪʥʹ㣬С̫ͯɽˣһͬħߡ
ʥʹһЦСͯ꣬ͬУǸۣ
ĪЦع鲻һգȻŮ˾֪صĴڣ֮࣬ҲԼûѡ̫ɽеΪŮߡůů᲻ᱻϣΣգ
ĪЦƽȴֻñƽĿ⽥Щζ
ŮͯΪɰպȻɫ
ʥʹЦݵϣڼһʮСӸȥϾ޳֮ͽŮͯŹãɣ
ħˣǸ޾ɢޣȻ²ԡֻĪˢ˶ͳӵ֪ܵ
ѵӱĴܣҲһλħޣȻô


127 
ᵶһ, ʥʹ׼һ̫սԾɱȣ˺ֹѰһ, ׳پһСܹضи档ֻζ鲻ټ, ˼λƣҲýֱʳڡ
Ƭ, ʥʹŽӲ, ĪЦ̸˼, ȥѰǰ뵽Ӷоʵڲ, Ƕһ
Ů, 㲻̫, ġ
ĪЦжĪ, ʥʹ̫ˣ֪ʦϷʵ̫, ϢһΡŸжģϵĴӦȥѰ֫hȥˡ
ѹС¥, ֫hĵͷ, ֱѪӡǣľһһ£ƻһģѪ, ۡ
˿̴һᱡɴ, пסߴĶǶ, Ůδѳ硣ųУһ˿׸⣬ݳȱֱ࣬Сɾ£һһ㣬ܹ롣
֫h÷ӣԾƬ̺󣬷һЦױ̨ϵСʣڴϹ
С¥ѹšĪЦһ·ͨ裬붼ûŶ
ʦ㣡
յ֫hôƺǺ󱳣ĪЦЩţ̵ͷҪҪȳȥʦ㻻·һЦôձ۸ˣ񾹳˾ˣ
ĪЦʱЩȻŲ̤ǰţ˿ӣЦʦĪҪȡЦҡҲ֪Ȩ֮ơҶʿԵСڡعţݾὫ⴫ʦڡ
ֻҪ˲֪㲻
֫hЦͷҲصĳ֣һü
ĪЦ߹ȥʯ죬㲻Ƴ·⣬ƿߣݲЩϸ֮ʦԼĺÿ
˵Ҫʯ죬ȴһֻץסŵ֫hüǰ
޷㻭ʲôҶϲ
ĪЦо֫hЩһ촽ΣЦЦഺεģྶͥƺһֳ죬һ棬һЩ˼۵ס
ѣЩתҲϢʥʹӦû֪Ů֫hôʥʹҪ󣬻Լ뷨
ƾŶ֫hõĹӡĪЦδ룬ֻꡣʥʹйɷ֣ǰ˵Ů˲Լ̵֡
ǹǲõ⻹ࡣ
ʦɼʹ϶ѹԸ˵˻üһҪ󣬱˳Σ
ĪЦ̾ϢƣὫʯͿĨ֫hüϡݸβ岻ʱüʱҲ衣
֫hõüαͺܺÿֲʩ׵ͣʯ棬ԳǺ촽Ⱦһ˿ġĪЦòûʲôˣҲ࿴˼ۣޡ
üĶúܽ඼ŵ˴˵Ϣ֫hȵĺĪЦ֮ϣĸܵǷҷ
˫ü꣬֫hõȴûſһ˫ƯӾֱֱŽǰˣ촽һ˿΢ɼɳƣʦǫ飬ǰǲǾŮӻüַ죿
ĪЦϲεı֣廹ŸոյƣҲֻǵЦһдɩü쵹Ҳ̸ϡ
Σ֫hüһɣǷŹˡ
ĪЦʯ죬΢΢˿ʦħӡǣѵʥʹͬؾ
ŮһССҪ᲻ͬ⣿㣬εõӡǣ֫hûн͵˼ƸĪЦ
ԴˣĪЦû˼ԼħϣѰһӵʸߵ£˵
ħԹűʮ֮أߡ֫hòϢ֮֮ĲʢϲţħҲİȻ˵赭дܲµգһʱ֮䣬Ǹ
ݣ㣬㲻ϧҲҪңΪʲô
仰֫hʡ¶ʱֻΪݹ֮ͬ꣬ŮɬӢ۾Ѳ֪ŮָվסŵɣѾյԼ
ĪЦ룬ʼռǵãȥս̨ɹ׵㶼ûеʱһλĵʦûҵڳһºұͬżܾ⣬ŮҲԸΥԸҲҪҲҪաһȴпдУԸཻ֮˲࣬ÿһλҶϧʦƣҲǣ΢ĩ޷𡣰׺Ӵ±䣬ϵŲΪһոҵĵӣ˼Ѱˡ̫ԭˣһЩ̫ɽСݴУܾܲȳʦ㣬Ϊ
ĪЦⷬȫΪ˷֫háȻڴŮϻúЩɣҲʹ˵ԭҵӣպ˵ûύͬţȡŮӹһҪ֫hϵõЩԭԸðճ֣ѹڴŮϡ
֫hý΢Ŀ⸴
һĵشƣ֪ͼɣ
ǵЩ΢ĶݣǧﱼһδΪԼաĳ֮ģ˭ܲݣ
ˣ峺Ŀ⣬ԵԼ
֫hмǸжиĲʡʼգݶһ˼Щ˼ԣֻϲǰźÿ˫ѹȺ۵ķɡ
ĸŮĽӢǿĲſԼ˵Ůվҫأ
֫hãĽڰĽʵ˼ռе롣
񣬿಻ȾվǰԲλ֮࣬УδϲĲʣһĸ߶ȡߵ뽫ǰݴ׻ٵ
Ҳ޴Լٻ֪£Щͬš
ҲȻ
һ˫軷ĪЦĲӣŮķҷȫ˫ÿ۾֪ʱӿ˼.ɫ
ҪαҵӢۣ
֫hõľٶڴ󵨣ȫȻĪЦʶĿʽεʦ㡣ԭأһʱԹתŵʦʦ豨𣬴˴Ҳû̽ӣʦ㲻ˡ
û˵꣬͸оʶ̧ͷȾôӡ°͡
ĪЦȻ˫ۣǲ˼ã
֫hɵӣЩΡǲľͷôԵİʾٴҲˡ
ѵҪԼ½£
ĪЦӲĶ˶ӣŽߵ֫hã¶ȻɫһʦֶΣʥʹ䲻ҳ׵õ㣬ôȥǰʦӡǣΪʥʹ
֫hã
ĪЦ˿ʮȻİ֫hƿЦʦˡһΪ㱻ҸжڽҲˣݾʹ˱ħ߿֮ʱʦᣡ
Ҫߣ֫hæסδ˵ݵʦԡ֪ħ쳣ݱǸͿأҲҪʦȫ
֫hãҡ
ҶĪЦЦݿ䣬һ֫hãʥʹʦħߣΡ벻ʦѾڲպ˵أаգıǳʦһҪúѧϰ
˵꣬ĪЦ֫hñ飬תҪܡ
֫h޿̣ŭݣվס
ĪЦźΨִŮ󺰴עֻפ㡣
֫hõ֣ٴ˹°ͣԴ΢һ㣬ܿ˴˵ĳ̶ȡ
ŮĹⰵ͸һ̶ޱϲ
˵ң۶ѣ㶼ҶԲԣ
ǰĪЦȷʵ¹ģ֫hõıʵ̫ˣƬ̣ŵͷǡ
ŮЦգ紺ůˣұˣǰ֫hã᲻ڽճŵ
֪ΪΣůЦݣĪЦȴоһĵ׷˵ʲôܾ
֫hȷʵˣǰô󵨵ĹıжֻǱʲôӡǸãŮԶȥʵڲ²͸ʱ֫hõ뷨
ĪЦΪӪ֫hãŬࣿͲǸ;ϵˣοŮȷʵж飬ʲôӣǵǸΪΧĸܣȺĺʦ
ֻһ㣡
ĪЦĿ𽥼ᶨնݴĲģڣ
֫h˫ӿˮͷĪЦϣĬĬҭ·һʱеίʹ࣬ˮ塣
޵ַݣֿĪЦһйʱʱ޷˵Ŀˣ˼ֲ̡
аŮ㣬˭Ĵȥֽ°ѪɷǲѪţ
˭޷ȥޣֻܺΪԼ
ʹ࣬ĪЦٿ⼸֡ÿ˶ԼܹܵļޣΧټǿ˶ٱ֫hôǰδܹۣܲסشȻ
ʦֻҸѡ


128 
˿̽ԼΨһ, ǻûʧΪ֮С
ֻҪȳȥպ̫ԭ, ʦȻܹͻ
֪˶ã֫hḧĪЦĲ, һ·°ʹĪЦ, Ҳܲ, Ҫƿʱ
֫hõԺ, ﲻñҲӡ
ʲôҪ
ĪЦüŮ᳤ֲӣҲûб°͵İáʦΪʲôñ°ͣѵܲ˴, Ӵ, Ա˵°͸Ȥ
ŮٴƵ˵ûУ
еСƢ, Ǹּ㻶Сʦ㡣
ĪЦϸЦ, Ӧһš
ݵӰʧ֫h, ٱĺɫͬĽᡣʱͱѪɷȥ˿̳˵, Ѫɷѱɱ, ˵˵ѣİ˳
Ѿ֪Ѫɷʥʹˣǻ˶˼, ˶ֶ, ܰɱأ
֫hôִ, ԼȻģָ⴫ů⣬Ǿ޷԰Ρ
ݴĲģڣ
Ⱳӣ᲻˶˵ЩЩ£
ʿ֮·дǧ겻£ڴɴ˿֫hУȫ޶δ롣Ψһ仰裬Ը
紵ϵıɴ
е壬Ⲣ磬һ˿̫Ես
е䡣
Ҫһ
߳ѹѾλ˾򣬼ĪЦǱϹϾĶ񣬵ʥʹѷԸҵһ֮ͬ¡
ĪЦ룬ʥʹҪɲôԣȻͬ⡣
˴·Ǻ̡ܿӦҳ벻ãв࣬ʩҲȫ¹㣬ҶдݡĪЦ˵ѾʰɾٶЧʼߣȻ¡
ĪЦпʥʹȻ˼Ѳ£ԼȷʵС鶼õ£Ҳһùޡֻϧղһֱ̫ɽУлعһ졣
ʰ̣ĪЦҪʲôӣҵȺΪ˶Ҷ
ĪЦã뿪һӻӣ֡
ԺиһֺеɰͼĪЦһЦӻ
ʣԼӪǹ͹̫ɽй͹ɸѡϿֻɸʥʹѡһǩԼģۿ˽ػΪɿֻߣӶĸߣʥʹǴѡ͹׼۽Ǣʣɣѹ֧
ĪЦٴθпʥʹ˼ϸ壬ΪмлʥʹݡһḻĹ͹æӪλæѡ⣬̵ϵ֣ܷ¶
˷ġ̫ɽй̵ߣ಻дֻƾԼµϢֻڵд»һ˿Ϣ
̫ɽԻѹֶΪ֮סĪЦëʣԥƬ̣ڵд¡ơ̧֮֡䣬һ֮޼䣬ĳ΢ϵ
λ˾˼⣬ɢȥæµ
ĪЦֻڿϰʱһӽ˴ʿ룬Ĭſʼɻ
ʿֽܿ㽫ﲻ֮װηˢҲһĹ򣬾ӴĿʿȥ½вʿפ˼䣬˾ְæǰæ󣬷ϰ£ķǣֻܵȴ
˹ʱһոµӱʰϣлŷţ¥¥»Ȼһ£¥ż䣬յīﶼѱȫҶҺãֻҵ󼪡
ĪЦʿǵЧʣֱһ꣬ҪЧҪǿϺüΡ
˾һλʮʿƫݣƲƽƽ¶˵ľڵΪ
ʿĪЦ㹧ƣ̫ɽ͹ʮ꣬˺ǵҵˣΪʮԼЭ飬ҹĿ
ĪЦһɨеԼȷûʲô⣬㽫֮ջشĽӣ£뿪ֻʣˡ
ƿг裬΢΢ͷŵʥʹţȻ顣֮УһΪгڱ꣬ţɽӾӪú𡣡
ν꣬˵ıҲύഫõ񣬶ڿڣҪ
ĪЦ̵ܿƵ˼ִӴȡһͨ⣬ߵɰ˳ǹմ˳ı
Ŀǹϸһ̴ϲƷϷǷԣ˵ܽʥƷҺôֱʣ
δ䣬ĪЦȡһ״̨ûɰ˳ǹޣҲһΪƷƸҪ˵ּƵļóƬ̺Ǵԭأ˵һ仰
߸ǷƷڳѾɵλḻĹ͹͹ʮ꣬Ҳڴ̴ɲһԼôƷҿŵдӣ»иô
ֱʵģЩ꣬ŻǸ޴֧ţҷڵСʿѵĸܵĵϵ᲻ɣ
ð죬ƲŸɬѹֵҸⷱУ˰ĵط꣬ȻҵʵֻƾЩ߶˻в̫ɢޡҿһЩѰ
δ䣬ʮϡ
Ʋһһʶɨ𺳵ľþԡЩƷݬ룬֮࣬Ļܶڲ£ٿһӶ´ࡣ
ﷱӣڷţպӪδسȫһ֧ţϸĪЦһֲƴ֣ʮĺС
ЩﶼٶЩƷҲǴǼùʿѹΡʥƷûóһǵ̫ҡѩʥʹ֮Ψ¶һЩȴ̫ǿı
ԽǿķԽҪʱĥͨ飬ʹõֱɴɱķĿܡʥƷޣΪвʹʥƷԺ󣬱һ˿ԡԲԣʮ˵ͻʹʥƷսĺöĪЦɲ
ƼʶԼ˺պչġûʲô̵ɢޣΪıѡ̫ɽгΪ͹ʵϾսߣȥһӣ̺ɱܻΪȻȸԾĵĪЦ֤࣬һɾʮӡ
ĪЦ˼ҪˣͻȻ뵽ʲôϵİֽϻһƯͼݸƣ˴ӣ裬ҪԵ׼۸Ҫʲô㶼ҪԸ߼¡
˶٣ֵʮԾδ飬ǡˣ뽫Ӫսܡ
ƿͼһһλŮӣٿ°ϵĴӡ¶Ȼɫֻ߳ߣϰˡ벻ᣬҲ˵¡ֻǿ֮£֮䱾иһ㣿
ƽշҽǢв֪飬ҲûҶʡӦֱ֮ϹϾĽͳȥ
뿪Լ̣ĪЦڳһк㡣ϣԼլԺԼĲҵ׬°֮պΪɢޣҲһУ޴ȥ
ƺĵѾĴ㡣ȻžܻܲȥҪĲۣ
Ŀ֣ܳԸͳ֮·ɢ޹ȻڣȴÿÿΣ֣ϦȻ̫ɽУûһҲԴ¶á
ͳԴϣϣǿϣеӵļӳϣԶ̫ɽҪǿҲħŵʼΪ֮͵ԭ߿ׯ˭ƯΪһԴأ
ӺȻųԺ󣬰׺Ӵᵶˣħ϶ʸ񣬿ɽһδΣѣһΣգһ
;ͲסĪЦȴҪ뷽跨ȳ֫hãŸƿСѣֻһֻʱգĴ档
ǺȻĶ֣ҲѱʱҲ뿪Լɡ
飬¶ǳ̬ĪЦʰ飬ȥ
ĪЦҵʱػùſԺ˯ĪЦҲֵ徲һͷڷС
ħõĺôʵ̫̱࣬Ԫȹ̸պĪЦӵʥʹٻӱչ߳˫ĿǺӣȫ˾ѽ״̬ѡ
ϲأĪЦլԺ󣬼ͷƯһֺӴй̻Իͣ⻪ҫ½ΪףΡ׳йڡйܱߣʮʴӭƮ顰ѡ֡
ʥʹôֱʣĪЦĪ뵱׺ӴһУһǷ۱ĽʥʹйݻȻޱȣֵԶ
ʥʹӭЦ˻֡ĪЦٲɣסص֣Ųһ̤Ծй
˫أĪЦſй֮ϳʥʹλħʸӵߣԼʮλʿ
ĪЦ֪̫ɽλʥʹ֮Уʥʹԣû뵽˲ۺ񣬾ļ֮ʿ֪ɢ֮УΪףɳһСŵ棬۾һ
ʮλʿʥʹǰȫ֮ɫƸΪŮʹǿɴɡһС£ܿŮó£ģֶβסûçײ֮ΪУȻвҲȻǴŮ֡
ĪЦɫĶʥʹ񣺡ݼʥʹ
ʥʹĿɨϡֺһ˫Բ۾Сɵıӣ̺죬鲻ֵĹµµת͸Źɻ龢˿˱ֻͯģ٣պǳɳǸǵ˶
뵽ԣʥʹԺ㲻ĳЩ棬ŮͯĿ⣬żֲ׾ͬ顣ϾǼˣϲԣЦŶݵղΪʤǰϲɺء˷ʦͽѹУ˱¶й֮ڡ
¶٣ҲĪЦ֮ԸֽסʥʹӹĽƣתйſڣͻȻź⣬Уٿشԭʧ
˿ʴХһȻй֮࣬ͣйϷ


129 
ȥ, ¶̬һƽƽ棬ȴ쳣ķɽһˣλʿ, ֱȻħӡǣüĿ, ݷǳɫ˾, , һΪϢ, ȫȻɢޣԲΪ
Ӣޣ˿վڴ֮, ȴȫȻʻҶ, ɷȲΪŮӵ֮һ
̫ɽԳɿռ, ת, ǳҫҹͨ, ȻŮӳ֣ط·𰵵޹⣬Ȼʧɫ, ΨǵӰ˴˼Ψһɫʡ
Ůò覴, ƫžףݡʤѩ, ˫Ŀһˮ, ֮, һŸ߻ʣΪ֮㣬Բλ֮У·࿴ۣ¡ֻһʽѰĵȹҫ⣬ˣĵƮȻɣƷˡ
Ůһ֣ʥʹɫһӣй㻺𣬸߶ñŮӳһ㡣
ʥʹչüۣ˿֮ϵˣŮӵþòѩʥʹ컪أҵȴȥǴ̫ɽе棬ƽˣǲ̫ףο˺ɽʥʹͻƹؼ֮ʱܲħһУʥʹɶΪʥѰħʸߣй֮ڣʮλӢšѩʥʹֻʥʹ͵ͬУǲ̫˵㣿
Ů΢ɲüȴû
ʥʹЦһƵˡйѩʥʹĶ࣬Ҳ֪һǼҵ͵ȥת˸ɾӲĲ¶˸ɾޱȰ
ʥʹЦ񶾳ѩʥʹüĵɫۼ£˫΢΢ᶯݶҧÿ֨죬ȻɫģȻ֮ɫ΢΢°ͣЦЦ泯񷣬ӱǿ׷һﵽ˼㣬ǧмġߡ
ˣˣŮһĳӲۿˣ̬ģ·¼ûеˣ
ʥʹո˲ȵףرȥһ⣬ֻǰڵڲ÷˲֪Ϊѹסĵɽŭ⡣
ܸʥ棬ҿ㻹ôţʥʹŭһȴƽٴ߿գѹйһءȻйٷ߶Զʤѩʥʹƽ
ģѩʥʹеڣȴٴʹɽգ߶ѹơ
λʥʹɶ˭ò˿շһ̣ͨҶɵľͷۣʥʹйС޶
װϣһһһһλ߸ֶòͨ׷룬Ȼо䣬ϢȻԪӤΪλһλǷѵŮޣһɫ˾ϵľƳΪҲڡ
Цݿ䣬λʥʹ˸λʥʹã಻簡
һ˦䣬в֮ɫߵʥʹɣǶʥ棡
˵꣬âͳһϮͻ޷ֱӡɫһæһʮֲ΢Цֱȿ޻ѿ
λʥʹ־֣ϲɺء
ƥ򣡡ʥʹѩʥʹͬʱ
æԲλʥʹϢŭڷʥʹںڣð֮⣬ˡ̫ɽϵʸֻˣʥҲøħŵһ棬ӡ˴ʥʹѰöˣڴ֮СڷʥʹѰˣҶͬ۹ãһͬǰС֪λʥʹѰü˰
ʥʹǹ¹ӣ˫Ŀ֮У͸ֵ֮ɫ
ħʸǴħŵڰɢӵʸ֮˱Ͳ࣬ܶѰˣнʱ
ѩʥʹֻˣλʥʹʥ谮ս֮ˡֻˣһεĿ֮ʤ߱Լɡ
ʥʹλʥʹУս֮ˣֻΪʥʹģ˴α·һΡ
ѩʥʹɫ伸֣һԡзУҥƣӦԣôûʱȥѰˣɺֵȺûҾ¡ôأ˭ҲȲʥʹƲ˾ٺ»ǷˡǸŮɶûУǮ࣬ʿʤĽô죡вУҪά󣬲ǿ˵̫ˣҲһˣʥɸҵģսͳӵܣһԿѹʥʹţ
ѩʥʹǷ֮ʱʥʹЦһ֣ϰȻ֮ɫԣţΪʥѰöʸʮһˣ
һʥʹͺڷʥʹɫͬʱһ䡣ĿǸͳȣҲѶáʥʹôֱʣ
ħߣĿԿɿףü١ʥʹпɬ̾Ȼǲƴ֣˲żüãѩʥʹûŮˣǷͷѳ
ʥʹʱ˼˴ʥǲҵǰħߣ˵̫ãʱ
˵գʹ۾ȥʥʹѩʥʹͬʱԦɱϣâٿƮԶܿ㽫ʥʹķ˦ٶһһ죬Ƭ̺Ӱʧ
ڷʥʹѾԶٴһ˦ۣŭʲôҪһȣϸ·ҲҪһ㿴Ǽûʮꣿ
ʥʹЦȴҲûжԡ
ԸСˣҲҪŮˡ̫ɽλ飬ϣû֮λѡ۶
ڷʥʹλʥʹвȥ˿̾ڱੲݣˡ˵Բ˼ٶֱһͻʥʹ磬ֱڷʥʹŶ
ڷʥʹԪӤʵҲ䲻͵ϮȻ飬Ϯҵڼװ֮ϡ
ʥʹ󾪣ȶסȥֻڷʥʹͷһͨĽʺ͡һŮѥ
˵ĪЦƾŽƽй֮ڣ㱻͵һݻޱȵķڡ
øʥƷзпٶ죬ÿһ죬жʮ֮֮࣬ϣʥƷҲŷŨ²п
ĪЦҲǰĽѡ俿ŴҽòٱûһǷзһǷзķѹ򣬼ֵƣɢ޴ҵײ࣬ЩʲƣҲսΪ
ʥƷзֵɹĪЦǰԼլԺˣһܹõ
ħؾֻܽʿɽ룬һҪңǲʲộ
ҾѻָɣʩչʱţħߡҵΪͬʱѹƣֻڡҲ׶֣ᱻ죬ؾ췣
ĪЦˡôģæﲻϣһʱ
¸ôãĪЦѽԼˣ˳ְһѣҲ֮С
ϰһһĹͨʽ˿Ҳû˿죬ʵʵϵԣСԲģǿɰ
ĪЦض˵ħؾ͡δػһһħߣС΢úöһᾡȥѰ㡣
һأֶһЩ֮ɹؼʱ̾Ϊ̫ͣؾ֮һ˶Ҫ׶֣ܱսҪܶزҪḬ̄Ĳ㶪
ʶԼʦһֱģٸ˵ҲûôĹø棬۾ʮֹɵӡ
Ψвֻ֪޳֮ͽǰŻ֣аޣȴҲ뽫ıҾ˵޳֮ͽ
ĪЦһ£صԴʣɱ˴ħһлԵһ취ӡʡ˺ɳҲҸȥ˺Ҫ𣬻ֻǰ㣬ƽһҶԣֻǲҪħ
ƺ뵽ճޣصĿȻþòŵ˵ͷ


130 
ĪЦҲǺܻȰ˵Ը, 㣬ҲмֳơؽħߣҲ˼ǺĽ˵, ӵߣȥ, Ȼ޷ħ壬һ, ƽޱ֮, زǳ¡
ĪЦ޶ճ, СͯʦͽһòΪı·Уħλħŵͳ֮Уǲ֮;, ϣسɱ˲գ۵ħˡΪ, ֻдȥħѰһԵһ, Ҫع, ԺȻŲܣܽشߡ
һϲʶС, ĪЦԾΪĹ࣬պ£ɳΪʲô, ѲԼƿء
ֻʮĺ, Ѫ𣬾ĿףҪħյ, , Ԥ⡣
Ȼ̾, ĪЦ˼СͽԹԴڷУҪ߶Լ˷š
һʥƷзĪЦ֪ܼܲȻĦĻᡣ
йڲһΪľ¥Ĳ㣬ĽǻŲʮ䣬֮رǶ㡣һ¥оͲ֮мλʿһƷ̸ЦϻоƲˣƣȻʳ
ĪЦǽ˴԰ѣ󿴿ֿһ棬һ߶ʥʹĲ۲ѡ
ƹͷھһǰͻȻһһֻ׾ϾֱۣһѽϽ˷䡣
ĪЦ⧲ûоԷɱ⣬ϡͿĽ˷䣬̧һпһ¡
֫há
һʥʹĻȹͷһŽҪλۣױ쾫Ӻݣ촽ɫ۽ǹһɫ̺ۣ˼֮С
˿̵֫hã̫ԭڴˣһϵóĪЦӡ̫Ȼһ۾ϳˡ
Դϴ°һǣĪЦǸľͷҲϣ֪ʦǶ˼Ů֮顣ﲨ಻Ρ
Ȼ鰮Ȥ֫hѾܴۣ䣬Ψһݣ˼֮С˿ǽҴ£˵Ҫ̼һΡʦŮӣ벻ʲô֮£ǰ֮ǰһŬ
ĪЦţȻӢʤһعţԼûʲôȵʦƽȻתĿ꣬˶Ρ
һĪЦ֪Ѿǧ޲طû
ĪЦȻޣȴӲ֫hõ۾һˮýеĻϲȴһĨǣھôң֮벻𣿡
ʦ˵ЦˣݴвްգʶǡĪЦһЦԶ˼֫hãڷľϡ
ħؾһ룬ͬ͡ĽѰұ˴ˣһѣҲؾգδܻסʦȫһС£ɳǿ
йвα֫hõɫһЩߵĪЦߵϣ¡
ĸ˵ʱһħߡħ߹Ƭ򣬶Ӧֻء˼޵ΪħȫطÿһƬ򣬶һݴУһߣɳưһ洫ߣɿħعħ²Сħߴڲ֪꣬һֱδعĸӢţҲֻͨ޵ƹȣ޷̽ѰħգҶԣδһԵ
Щ£Ҳ֪ĪЦľʥʹֻͨԪӤΪ̫ɽʥʹ֮λ꣬ħ²УպưһǿҲڻ£
ĪЦԼҰģȻҲܷȥϻȡʸ񡣴˿֫hõĻиСȻħôУ˵ܽ͸ʥʹţǶӪ֫hãӦԺȻŵΣ֣Īô
ֻ֫hõ̸ĪЦֲʣڵʥʹܽħ˵ʦضʦӡ
ĪЦ֮̽ⲻΡ֫höʥʹĸƺܱ֮ħأΡ֮ǰ޽ʥʹѪɷгô̶һ²˾ദ˺гŮ˴ħʸô붼
֫hɫһί˵Ĵڲ̬ԸħͬУνħߣʥʹҪȡ²Сؾдħ䣬ǲƪ貹ȫСѹеЩʿÿ˶֪˴£˽ơҲҪ𣿡
֫hϵĽ֮û˵ѣΪͬԴ¶û취⿪ĪЦ˵һ֮⡣ͳŵ·ӣ˭̰ɢ֮ίߡʦΪȡŮˣ֪ŲһΣԼʵڲá
ʦǡ˴νħߣҶѰýϽƵķӣʱȡ²УʦصţٲܿࡣĪЦ˵ţ㼱ʵʥʹǷ˵йħߵ£
֫h룬ħڵʱ粻ͬΣÿ򶼲һһһֻд˳ɹȡĴУſȥһ̽ħӦб仯ǧĸģһͬ˵򴫳пǱҲǹĪ⣬ʲô˭Ҳ˵
˶٣˵ͬĽֻڷԲʮ໥Ӧ֮ڣҶҵ˴ˡ
ĪЦӹͨīɫ·ʯĶ΢עУϱֳһһİɫϸߣζһֻʼָ֫hãƶķ
ĪЦǰһʲôɰ֮ѰˣѵҲһ
ΪĿʯֻһԭʯطɣΪʮСʯʯ֮ڽԿɺӦΪħ֮УʥصؽЩĿʯĸãѹɳˣÿ϶һһŵļֵȵƷݻϲӣ֫hԾ˼֣Ľ⡣
ĿʯĪЦУǳɶѵֻ̳ϧʥУʥʹҲֻǽһãǲֱ¡Ƭ̣ĪЦ̧ͷЦʦɻУҸСͽҲһ
֫høոڶЦ˲ĪЦĿ⣬Ҳмֲơ
㵹ͦǸŮͯĸ˵ŮͯȤѵƫ˵
ĪЦȻʧЦ֫hԤ׼ССŮͯĴ׶Ҫԡ磬ûкùһΣظף̬ñӶˡΣյ˵ǷʥʹĽڣʦҲŲֻǿŮͯңչһЩˡ
֫hý˫ۣ˰죬ȷαЦ绨ֱ֧°ͣĪЦߴ˴գʦϲʲôŮӣ
֫hвεڴĪЦһ޾ܾŮĺûᣬЦſڵһĴǴû⡣պԵϣܽʶһλ£óԣϻɰŮӡ
˵˵ţĪЦǰһһӰԼҲһ¡


131 
֫h˼, üͷ΢΢ȴûз쳣
£ó, ϻɰᡭ
¸մϱ, ǲᣬϻŬһ˵, Ҳ, ǰɵĿɰ, ǿϣȴ޴̸ѹԵ
֫h꣬پԼǵŮԶʮǧ, ʵ
һ, , Ϊ, Ǹһ˿ϸ˵ϲŮӣѵǿ, ĸСȣ
о֫hʵʦܿƵˣ
ĪЦԼ𾪵, ˿, ֻҡͷ
ůůǲԵ֣̰ǷݼҵܰҲϲڶʲôǷ֮롣οŮ, ůů, ֻлˮ, շŮӣܶ뷨
ĪЦƣΪˣľۻ࣬ն񣬾Ҳ֮УһŮġǸӣȴһٶůůݲģһҲҪȫи
ദ̣֮𱾸òٹģôˣѵϲһŮӣǾ̫ɬԽĵ׵һ⣬иעˣԲ
һǺǸԭĪЦ˶ȴҲԸڴ˶ͣ֫hõʦڴ˾ʥʹзڲ㣬ħ߿ЩʱҪطУú˼һ£ʹ˱
֫hûֹֻĪЦҪȥ֮ʱһݡ
ĪЦԣͷȥδ˵оһϮ°ֶһС
촽һ룬֫hûֻ˦һӰ߰ɡ
جج߳䣬ĪЦݣ߲߱ӡ°Ͷǣ÷ֽϴɾΣǱߣʲôȸҲܸһˡ°͵к֮֫hǿף޷⡣
Ҫһܵסȫߣ˺Ҳʡܱ͵Ϯ
ĪЦ¶ģطС
ħ⣬зƾնЦУн֮С
һӴޱȵ̨֮ϣɽФ硢ϸֶԱ߻һüĿǳꡣվŶʮλʿŲһɫڣĪЦһɺͳȻСλϢΪ˫ĿƵ磬ͫŵɫ棬һΪֻڣȴȫʿơ
ȻԱߣһ޴ľƺ«һ⣬Цݿߣԣƾȣһûһµŷ磬̬ȻԵáֻһŮϥĿܰ󣬶ʮλڵʿˢˢվһŨҩ֮ھƺ«֮ϣþòɢ
Ŷ棬һɨˣǽ£Ȼ̤һŨѪĿʬʬ˷ˣ޷ޣڼƬĿɭɭΪɲԶħɢơʬ֮ϵˣһŮԴѪɫΪӢƷ˵ӣ̻¶ţἡţ׷ͫӽжʮͷӣЦЦżа⣬ȴƫƫ˲С
ãɽߵ׹ļɷţ֣ؾĲǰ֪һԵ֣дˣ
ʬ֮ӢǰһźȻŷ΢΢һݣ˵Цˡħŵһңй֮֡ؾҲ飬Եߵ֮ҼɷͳħڣħߴħʬħҡҼɷŲΪжֻΪع顣
ߣɽȻС˭ҲҴħɷţѵħˣҲҪһС𣿡
۾󣡡Цݲ³һ֡
˵ɽɫȻźҩŵҲʼ۷׷סܰüԱߵߣʦ۾˭ôӣܰɴû˵
ܰҵʦҩϣ˿䣬ƺ«ڽ£ܰû˵Ҳпԭ۾֮ʱ㻹ûʮǰħɷųλʮ꣬ħλʥУնϣһʱķɺ֪ΪΣ˱ػţѶ˾䣬ֻڣǴ׹֮ʱ˸ɷѰɵУͬУҲֻδ¿֮һս
ܰȻĬ
ҩϼˣҲܣҪͽȴƮһλƣҡҡ׹ƣʵнһͳ嵽˸ǰȻԽڶ֪ƮηͻȻһŭ𣺡ʦͷˣܱܲʱ˯ŵҪˣ
ͻȻһ٣ƵƮ˻ſƶ֮ϣһĺСǳüصϺпԴǱԱŭɶͽܸһǡ
ˣҩֵԭǧδʦˡ
ɽѱ֮ҲźȻ˸̬ʮֹ
Ψмɷŵĵ۾Ϻ΢΢ףЦݸŨ
ǧδʦǺһЦԴһᣬһ˯˹ȥСͽƺΪ
ʱһ⼱ƷҡΣƺʱҪȥȻŵ̨ҩŵľƺ«ɷŵľʬζһ˲
סɢȥâֻһ쳤ϣһλһµŮӰȻ縡ǺƮһĻ档ŮӼʤѩò˫䲻ʩ죬֮ˣ˫֮޾âԣ˲ֱӡڵʿͣս⣬Ϣ֮ǿԶʤڳʿ
۾ǰһЦ׹˫ò׹һŮռˣپʤ۾󣬼ǰ
δ䣬һƿն֮⣬֮ǿӶΪ֮Ŀδһ¶ǰΪһòŮӣʱڳʿһ
ɽЦħСΪҴ֣һŮѩʥʹ֮׹һŮΰ
۾𾪣ػؿ˿λֲٵˣһʱԾ񣬿ЦǰҪΪҡλŮݸǧʵѷֳ£
ϧˣѩʥʹĿͬʱ˴ˣĵ׶Ϊ֮һһɫˣ
һʤһˮ˫ͬʱһ죬˵ڳޣŮ޶࣬ġ


132 
һЦԶ, ЦѪ, ѹ֮С
ɽһȻ籡, ںȻŴ֮ϣеʹ֮ɫ˲ɢȥ
ҩһľƺ«, һƾ˳ź«, ͬϸһڵ, жʱ۾Ųһ̤ǾʬԣγһѪɫĻϼɷżСѩʥʹͬʱг, һǡ罾֮޾, һˮɢ, ̽ǹɹЦѹɢ
֮к˯ǧδʦһ˹, ÿ֨죬˻ϹͷǲҪɢӡ, ȴĳɰ㣬ɻѹǺЦ겻, çײħŵ֮ʱ, βһ𣿡
ſһץֻǰ֮, ޶˳˵Ĺսս˪, Ѷ, һְսʤǿɱη
ǧδʦƮƮһץսǰ˵ƥɫս˫۳죬۶£ǧδʦ񱼶ȥ
һĸߴͣŵ̸ѽͺ¿֣ͣôҲ常ҵսְ
ۿǧδʦΪӿ󺰣Ҵ˻ɣҵͣ
ոջŶӣ˿˱ҳ̵ܽܺӣһɫǧδʦҲûΪָһƥսֹ˻Ծ
˿ָֻ̬֮Цǰ»Ұչѩ壬֮ûŵɵħŵ֮ʱǧǰ˾һף
ɽһ˦䣬мçײ֮ͽҲѧž٣Цô첻ߴӣҲ¶ۣ
ӺòȵӴⲻֱɽֱս綦ķֻôĺ˼䣬ü껹ûȥ㲻ۣƼ׶ʲôˣ
㣡ɽŭɶҪֽѵ첻ߣȴԱߵФֹ
Īħŵĺ
Ƽ׹ЦǺȻֻФܿ೤ţǷˣ
˶ҺȻţɽŭȴҲûгֻ֡ƼһΪɲ⣬ǴδռϷ磬ʱͬǰ棬Ϊס
ƼСһɽ˸˲Ҿܰô
ɽƼ׶֮ʱʥʹйʥʹķȺ
˶ħŵʿʥʹһ࣬ȴǰ޲ѡйȻΪ̫̫࣬ǱƽռϷ磬ٶѩʥʹֹһûܵһʱħŵǰչ¶ɡ
УƯŻ档
øˣòȣѩʥʹСӲ£ϽͰԵĪǾ׹һŮӣȻڣ
˿΢ѹ޵УʥʹϻοǸЦݡ
ҩ΢΢һЦԭ̫ɽλʥʹˡεħ߰˶Ѿ룬ҿϽʱλøҵӣ򲻿ɵġ
ؾ֮ʱ񽵣¸󣬻췣֮档һħ߿췣δؾаز췣֮£ɢһҴ档ħŵʿҲвٲ
ԣٲԣأ״̬
ħϣķΧ£ʧɼֱһ⽵٣ֱֱأΪֵħɽ¶ȫò
¡䣬ɽʯѣһ޹Ķߴӵصߣתۼ䣬Ӷħ۳һֻֻħ֣ɢΪ֮ɫ
ʱ䣬ƻۣ裬ɫҫ˫
ã췣Ȼɫף䣬˲˵ȫûҲȻûмܻλҹͬ췣ɽȴȳһʣëʹһƮ˫ġءֻ֣ǴֻȻγһյīɫϡɽָ죬Ȼ͵֮ڡ
ҴӣǸȻŲϵģʱҲͬʱʩչֶΣЭ졣
췣ǧһ׽٣׽ߵȼŵɫס˼ǧûֹɫףֻһԪӤǿ顣ϵ˸˵мʮϰٵ벽յǿ߶סҪ˵Ⱥʿˡ
ǴԼΪڵǰһħؾеĴУôܻûȥ۽·³ԹЭ
ǿһɫȻ£ֱ֮ӻīɫ֮ϣɽ׵壬̲Ȼζһ£ȻٴǿӲס֮
˸ǲҵǴīɫϡ
֮䣬ʮȻ£ǼʵǷҲѪ
ʱħɽУһӰӰõҴܣ֣ӵģ˯ôûˣ
Īе㺩ֱЦһ㶣ĿͶ·
ֻһŮȹ׳˶ӣѾܣ׹׷ӱͷܡ
˶ûɽһλɢޡ
벻ħʸ˼ңһλɢ޽һʸ񣬴˵Ҳ׽ٶ֮죬˻ܺĶ㿪ֻΪ
ɽɻҲͬʱ֮ӿ֣һֻĵĸо
ѩʥʹǵɴĿСŴȫ޷ƱûܿסȥһѴ˸ˣ
Ǵѩʥʹµĺԩ·խѩʥʹɵˣʥʹҲסˡ
˻û
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ʥʹźĴй¶ѩʥʹ֮¡ħط۸˴˼䣬˲ǵָʹ˴¡ħŵʿǰ˴ԲѶѩʥʹ˵ʲô׵Ļ̫ɽеҪˣʥ֪֮£Ѳǣ
ԸСӲҪ˵ͺã
ʥʹͻ·ǻ˴еѽϱҲڰȾΪ򣡡
ϱ
˭ϱ
ʥʹֻһĿԼϣͬյĻ棬ëȻӲת¿ȥǻЦǺǸкţȰعˣ
ؿھʥʹͨ죬Թ죬Ŀŷŭ𣬳·һָ
ףûԼҵǱʥʹŭһħкţ
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Ƽҡͷ̾ϢҸվСе˼벻ôˡ
䣬ɫ⣬һ¡һŭɫɢɽ¶һȫýڣֻ۾
Ȼȫʹܼզıɱ׷ġȰȢ㣬ǰǹҹ㻹ţ
ⶼ
˾ӲԪӤʿһʮĴǼֱ޲¡
˽ǿɵۣǸ˷緶ǧδʦ쳤˲ӣһ˹ӡ
ѩʥʹʹҧȻǣ΢˫գüңǱ¶ЦĲס
ͻԼ£ʥʹΪҲǲɵģԵŮ˵ڳͺܿİô죡
ǳԣѩʥʹЦɵĺúĴָ
ʥʹִʥʹ֮λ꣬񣬱ħŵʿҲҪмӣӣ֮δܹ˴裬ֻ޲̳ɱ£ǻ˴ж˿飬ҡ
ŭ֮£ٴĳһơһոһָȫͬնʹȫΪΪҪɽһеشʿ
޷վƿڴԽԽʲôٰƵۻ֮ҲҪ˶Ϊ塣
ʥʹѩʥʹľɫˣӺݣɫϼѣҲڶФĶ󣬼֮ˣħŵĹϵһֱܺã˭Ҳ벻ôһλһƤåϹϵ裬ƤѲ⡣
˵ȻǻģʥʹٲãҲһһӢôһꡣ˷ڵϷʥʹϻĸʿ˿һ
ñһƺĺȴȱһУʥʹһ֮֮Уʧȫ׻գʹѣȴɲͷˣܿóȻң֮ԴԴϵӿǿֲ׻𣬾ʼһ㱻֮ѹƣ֮
ſ죬һһ̳Ի棬ϵɫԽԽֱȫʧȫĽƤһѿ¶ƤϢƿƣ
ɢ֡
ħħҡҷһֻһץӵ޹ħڣ
ħߣѾ
ѹ˲þ𺳣ʩֶνͽС
й֮ڣĪЦȻ˫ĿǰȻ仯ɾйǺаɱ
֪˶ã涨˻ЩԴһˮӰбů£ˮӦϼ⣬ůһƬ


133 
, Ǹľïʢɽ֣Զɽֲд, ˮ峺ףϷ, һƬȻ
ĪЦܣӰ, ַų̽, ûκΣաҲټ, æóĿʯֻʯͷϰϸҲޡ
Ӧħڲ֪˴еһĿʯ̽鵽֮ڵѹʿȫ޷Ӧ, ҪôǴ˴ռޱ, ܱ߰ûгаĿʯʿ, Ҫô, ħ֮Գɿռ䣬, ǡûһѹʿ
һֿܣڶǹԮ״̬ĪЦʮֵľ, ˳źˮ, һ·̽顣
⽥ȥҹաһѰתȴĪЦд󾪡֮, սȻͬ, ɽĵ, йǺ֮ߡĿ֮ڣһƬţȴ˫۾Ȼѣڽ
Σ̾˿ѹסл֣̿ӣժߣһ峺ĺˮĴ֮ϡ
Դĺˮ˲١һͻȻˮ΢ᶯ̧һʢ¹ĺˮ룬֪ʱһԡˡ
ֻŰ׳ɴСɺÿĳںһʯ֮ϡòĶ飬ηӯʪ͸˵İɴϼճԲؿںϸ֫Сµ¹֮£Եޱȡһаĳ嶯
ͷн¹⣬ϵεδžӨˮ飬ÿ쾱ϣ¹ˮһƬ۶ˮ
ָŪʪյı壬ŹǵҹߣҶӣⴺǼį֮顣֪ӿɷͬСŮӡ
תϵ꣬˵һ룬Ȼֹ
ֻ¹£һλͨɾںӰ֮ϣµɣüԶɽﺬ⣬綬ѩƴơü޿ޣƫαͦУֲʧâЦЦĴ֮˶˼аİȻ
¹䣬ɫϣ·𱻶һʰĵʱҪ𻯶ȥ˿Ʋ顣
˿ôԭأãŸԼһƣ
λӡڨЦһٸԼòǰƣǼˣһ飬ѡ
ɬĿڴŨأҪȥƤ鲻⴩Ůװ
ĪЦһкԥţ
͵طһ죬˾ʧĺ󳷣ȴܵǺƵޱߵĽ㱻Եںˮ֮С
һҽԭӦˣȴȻվȫƤҿʼܽãתۼ䣬һɫˣһĿޱȵй
йɤӣƿкưܷ䣬ɳøĵСɾôÿĳ˴̸̸²Ҫɱ
˿й˸ո˭Ů꣬ͼǱĺСˡϧ⸱ٺ˵ĪЦŮΪοһòޱȵĿֲٳй
йȻƴ¹ȴܽĪЦƾ£жߡ
ĪЦջغ⣬ȴûðȻˮ
й֣ˮ˲С仯Ҳ֪ǲҹ£ںӰߣĪЦܸоһ󺮷棬·ͷҪ
йûʲôǿֶΣɺɱΡҹһˮûƣΣ
˼䣬нŲΪ鷳һʱ佫ϡ
Ƭʱ䣬һ˱ĪЦǰ
˴ŲͬɢϢͳӵܡ
һĪЦжż֮⡣˷Ϊʱиһۡ
ǴźʿڵҵȽħŵʿǡСǷִ˵쳣գҵȿɳ
ĪЦЦ⼸˷ڴ˴ǻãûз쳣ѭŴ֮⼸˵񣬷ûнʿУõ˼ѳ£⼸˵Ҫ̶֣֮ɱ
ĪЦ̬֮˹ֵλѾħŵʿʧڴ˺ϢͻȻһªˮܳˮҶ֡ЩˮˣȴʧΪãˮȥ׷
˾̰֮ɫԡǿǰλ꣬ħŵĵӵУǱɢɡһɢ޶ܻ˵ˮΪ֮ͽȻܹɱܵˮ˵̽˵
ǺʿЦʿһң赣ġһͬˮȥ׷ǹ
ĪЦȻǧлһͬˮ
ڰʱˮ峺ףƺûô浽ˮУס̽Ѱãûҵй
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һʱ󣬼˽һڲ򣬴˴ϢŨص˼㣬ĪЦƤʼ֮ɫ
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ʿɫһϲ¶֣Լӣй˲ˮٶϮʿϻ賤ܿѪ֡Ӱһӵϣ޷ӦٶȣѪ֮С
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ĪЦһҲѸٳϷȥ
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ǺѪжʿ̱ãιҲǡ
ĪЦܣΧһʱ޷ۿʿҪԶʿɫһץ߹ĪЦܵķ˹ȥ
ǹˮзûƮƮģٶȼ쳯ĪЦȥĪЦд󾪣æʩչưؾǹ
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ͻȻҧ⣬һѪҪĪЦšǧһ֮ʣĪЦһĴƾճ֣Ѫ֮ϡ
˵Ҳ֣Ѫһ£㾡գ㲻ǹҲûᷢ£һʱ㵵ĪЦҲû뵽棬ܿ췴Ӧٳƣưؾ⾢ͬʱǹһ±ѿѪըһš
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ĪЦɱһָڿ׵ʱͻȻ׳ǽסһס
֮תٴγ·ʿȥô˻ᣬĪЦͷҲصĳˮ档
̤ߣĪЦ˼ְȫСҪ˵أһڵء
ˣնأˮѪ죬ҵ׻˶ȫԣԺججط·תĪЦ̴£¼Žⶾҩʼ˹
ȻܶʿǿҶأĪЦ˲ʱ䣬Ž඾ɾʱȴˮƮͷһͬˮˡ
ͷϻľ־֮ɫĪЦʱͷƤ飬Ҳ룬Զ롣


134 
İ, ·¹⣬ޱȡ
ҹʱ̣»ᷢâ, ĪЦΨֳΪӣֻʱջ, С̽УһԶ, һɫĹλƳ
ɥ, ֽǮ, ĸͷ˵صĵ̧һ컨ΣʵšǰһʼմЦİйһɢ̹ĵǵǰй, ڿ, żⲻմ档컨ζ, ĸϺڵĹͯ, ţʱʱֽǮ, һæµӡ
ĪЦ񣬺ҹ磬Ȼܿ, ⼸ޱȰĹ, ҪʤˮйһֻܹӦԡ
ǰйƺ, ӽӲת, ԰ûͫ׵ĪЦ
ɽȢ, ˱á
ĪЦΪһսй˿ûɱ⣬ֻѡûвӵĵ̲ܿнʵʵһԾȥ
ʱι𻨽һǣҩǼ⣬ĪЦʶɨĿȻһ˲ɴ˫ۡ
һϲŮӣü۲Ϥδܰ
˿ܰ״̬ԲԣĿͣһǻżΪЦ
ܰôᱻץЩΪȻʮָȢ׵ɽǺεʵܰ˹עҪ
ĪЦ֣˷ܰѣƵķŭҿʼܰһֱ˽ΪѹڶأĴߣ̫ԭʱΧȻʱԪ֮ˣǰڣ̴ŮĵҩΪ
Ϊ˻½Ƽ֮ǺôȫԼϡδκλرȥ
ڹƴһǲ𣬶־һ֮κΣ
ĪЦŶðϸܵĺ飬һ治Ըգһ治Ըܰļ٣ҧÿ֨졣
ۿ׶ҪĪЦһҧŭռϷ磬ȻһӣǴ컨ΣһץܰڻС
ڹûϵĻ˻ͻȻ֣һʱ㵣ĸͯӸƨڵϣ֨ҽС
ֳҳһţĪЦҲȻٳ롣
󵨿ͽȻף





һڹ׷ᣬٶȿľˡĪЦӦѾ죬һʱ˱ܣתȻޣ΢ܼһЩٶȵˣЩԽԽ
ĪЦŵ磬޲ٳȣۿЩੲݵĹҪץ󱳣̵ִͻأ֣Ϊǵĵһתȥ
ĸС̱ѹҽвͣĸɵͣԭأͬˮ
ůůı࣬ѿɻûķĪЦԭлѧΪ˳죬ϧΪãֻܻû˲֣ڹ⧲һš
ĪЦû񱼣Ҳ֪˶ãûж˿ܰڵϣιµҩԺȻڵɷа
Ƭ̺ۣܰо䣬մӱˮгΨСһƬůȡĿƣ㿴һֻС
ܰ󾪣Ҳ˹ȥĪЦûˣܰһѪ˷ɳȥԶժߣܰҡ
òܰһ£ԾϷϼðŷӦæǰ
Сү㣬ϵİ̺ˣ
ĪЦɫŹ֣ĬĬߡոӳΣѣõһʱѯྭѾͷȴһڱѯò
ĪЦ类֫høòľԱԵתƻ⣺ܰαЩץ
ܰϺϼˣҲˣʼľ
ħͣÿڵĵطһܰΪùͬһ͵һѡ˷ɱش۲˳˭֪һ̧ſսӵ׹˻ˣвͬŲҲ׽ȥ˹
ֵܰܰս˵ʱǰգѹȻĶ࣬սá䣬ȴͻȻǿ֮һ׹޷ƥСܰ²⣬ڵĵطеĵ˵عУ֮粽СΪרսСүΣգһҪߣܰδܻȫ
ѱȴҪ˵ĪЦһůЦûаԱӣҸոջ㣬ȴҪֵ㻤ˣ
ܰһ죬ôΣյ£ԺҪˡܰǹ¶޸ĸСүȴи׷գǵĸѹ
⻰˵ĪЦвϲҪͻȻеŨüסֵܰܣ
ܰΪͨΪȴûܵһʱܵΣգ˿ĪЦ֮󣬷ŷӦ̾ɲ
ܴǶ׹нȳǲ˼飬СүԶʤ
˿̲ϸѯʱܰ˳ӵıһ·ܡ
ǰӰζܰͷȥʱ˰ء
ֻһóǹ۶ٶԶʤ׹գ۾׷󣬳Ҫ˺ġ
ܰҪͣ£ΪСүܵĻᣬͻ˼ܰ𣿡
ܰҲʶصȻţ
һɴסĸ첲֮׷ɿСоһִһ³ڽŵסƾսɿƵļٷ˳ȥӦѾһˮС
ˮң
ܰĪЦסضóǹһǳǹһ۶ϡĪЦһ֣޼⻯ߵХȥ
˽ľ룬ʵǷԲֵܵ޼ķâһ棬ȥͷ­̴ĪЦŵǸҲ˫ϣҺء
˻ܵ˾ţǰ̧𣬽Щͳͳ˦һ֣ĪЦûгʤ׷̿񱼶ȥ
һŭĺٴο׷
ĪЦдУҹգȦȦľ࣬ƥĪЦһһң䵥ֽһĶԷ
ʮݣ£ֻʣŭѴﵽ˼㣬뻮һľṇ̀Ǿ̡
ʱ䣬ľмɣʯ֮ڳһƬյĪЦһӱ¶˳ǹĪЦ


135 
˿ĪЦҲѿ쵽˼, Ǳ˿ǣʹ֮ʢһǹҪСڵΪ, ʵڳŲסʱսѷҪ;ƿ, һʹ
ƫƫʱǿֲһ, һ׹̧ƴõƻ, λƳ׷
ѵҪңĪЦд, ǼȺڳӢۣ˿ܰڴˣϲǱһĵ棬ŷ߸Ծ, ܿǹ̡ѹһ˿, 񳯺ˮȥ
ǹٴδ, ĪЦҲܲ, óϣܱߴ¡
ǳǹʵΪƷ, ̴ܴıĪЦЩʹ֮⣬áɭĹ, ȴ޿ײ, ¶˲仯⡣
ǹ֮ĪЦƵٶȸ죬ۿҪ׹, 嵹, ŵ淭, ׹޵Ľ´
ǹǹ˲䴩͸׹ǵΪңӶ̴ֻѪ⣬Դ˱
ĪЦĹҳһţԾºˮĸͯӷӦ죬৵壬֫
֮裬ĪЦ˿ֻܴһͬˮ
˵ܰĪЦߣǶӣСүΣԾˮȥӪˮ°ӿӰ֮ƽΧס
ܰҩţҩһ;ϣ츳ܸߣһӾ͸оӰɢ綾һŵҩ˲ɰ֮ɫӯӯй⡣
Ǿ綾Ӱ䶾Ѫ֮ܰϣ㶼ܰնʹʽȻǵݽΧõɫó֮ʱΪϬ䲻޼İԵԸûֶ̫εĹӰ´ࡣ
֮һΣŨѪˮܰŲæж˸ƿƿͬѪˮһ˴ƿС
һУˮ·ڴȴһ˻ˮϿֲѹ˳Ƕˮһ·
ܰ𣬴ԻԾ׹ȥ˻֮·ˮвٹӰ٣׷³Ǳ
㱼䣬¹͸ĺˮУһɫӰܰǿ۾֮³Ѫ۾ˣĸͯӽץסӰ˲ۿ
ĸ֮СүΪƴˣҶݣһ޷ձҲҪһ˿Ѫ
о⣬ܰ㲻ٳ±˻ѹҲǿͦ񣬾ޱȵϢһƴΪǧĪЦϡ
ɲǼ䣬ԭ޷壬ͻȻӿĪЦһ񣬿⾡ͷܰĵЦա
Ůεȥ˿ѩˮ裬׵ļߺֶʼɱ¡
ֻЦգκȥɫ٣һǰůһƳɢĪЦĵ׵
Ů̴ڿϣ˵֣ȥ
ȥ
ƺĪЦһֱĿġ
ǰǣҲǡ
ΪԼҪ˽Ŀǿ硣ڱε˱Ѻ뷨Ϊ̡
ҪȥҡֱϾնʱֻعޱϧɴʲôʱʼΪǧĿʼ
ҲΪůůݲĳΪܰܲκ¶ͬûʲôĿģֻǺúûȥ
ǸѪֻɱ¾ĪЦ֪ѾʧܰἺΪˣر߰ϣضС
г𲻱ǾӣжΪˣ
ܰΪԼĪЦΪβΪܰƴһأ
ŨϢһ˿̶֮ϡĪЦ嵽Ｋ޵ʹǿͻƣ
ҹģ˿ó˿ɬ
ĪЦܴأȻܰϢģһʱҲ޷ﵽ״̬岻ܳܵķΧļȫ۶ڱʳѪͦŽܱѵķգͻơ
ΨͻƣѰһΣΨͻƣܽܰ£
ƺܵޱȼᶨ¹âʢһ˿˿Ũ͸ĪЦ壬˳תӿͻƽȡ
ܰǺƵϢ²ĪЦĵȻͻĳּޣ̨Ȼչһֱʮ࣬ȵȪһ޶˴̨ӿ֣˲佫;ƿݵԵأ
̨УŨ˿˿ƻ۳һţһССĳε̨Ϲ⻷ƣкƵ֮ĺĳƮȻ

ĪЦٴαԼ̨еڵ̨֮ϡԭ޵ĵ̨ʵתѭһС죬ĪЦȫתٴλص̨֮ϡ
ƣ¿ϡĪЦȻۣйâɣϢ֮ǰѽȻͬ
̨УǷ̨СĴ̶ȣȴԶʤ֮ǰ޵̨̨֪תͣʱ˳ǿޱȵһʹϹŵĸͯӶһš۹ޣҲӳյĺˮա
ɣ
һӣĸͯȻѣѪˮγһȦѪѪеû˿ֱͣͬܰȥ
ܰһۣһմȾ»Ӱ¹⣬ƿغڰס֦֡

ĪЦˮܰڰ߲ݵϣͻȻһһѪ
ͷƽˮ棬ӿȻ⡣
ڸոգɹͻ֮סˮѹܰ£ȴϣˮгһֻΪӴڹ֡ǹ֮ǿδҪӵÿ죬ֻβ˺󱳣Ϊֵ˴󲿷˺˵ˣͻɥ
ˣ̣ոƥĺȻҲɢ룬̨䲻ڿݽߣ״̬ٴ
ˮ֮ʲôһֻ֣ұӦܴˮ룬˼ʿǶҪ
ĪЦŵͷܵĳ嶯ںߵȴãˮɺ޶ŷ
ǿֲӦ޷뿪ˮתת飬˿º޶˼˼
ڴ˵ʱûκΣգҹٹû˴ȻӰʱʱѵĹһʶ˴ĹǺоﲻð
һӿ֣ĪЦЦ뵽˸ѵ⡣


136 
է, ĳأɽַХ٣ɭȻ̹ǵĺˮָƽ, ˸ŵ΢⣬;ס
ܰ۾, ЩۣٴαĿ, òŻָ, ϥӰ
, ҪһȴɤӸɬκ
ǿ̧֣ͻȻһ, оֹֻ֡, ͸Źһÿľ֮, ȫ͸Сү, ôᡭ
ܰϸĸ壬Ȼ, ֣ÿһԭûڵ֮ʢ, ԪҲ֮ǰ˼ʮꡣ
ô£
ܰӭıӰ, оԽŨ
СүôµģڵΪֵܵˮѹһ, ܿס, ôˮЩʬнȳ
Щ׹, СүΪλڶʳľˣЩΰѣܵˮϡ
ȻǺȻżνӴܰףСүѷǰŮӣɳ֮죬ľѡһ֡һ˸о
ɼ̹ϵÿһûиı䣬ԼάҲһԸܰǸϻ֮ˣƾ費츳Ӳ콾͸¯֮ɣ㡣ʱ˿̣͸Сһ𳤴Сүһʱ飬֪Ӻ
Ŀǧ޷ڡܰתͷ覵ϣÿĹΡУŵߵշ·һ޽еĻʳ˼̻Ĳ
Ǵ»ֵӰǰһ˶صһܰĿͻþЩĻŵƿĿ⡣
СүԽԽˣ˵ˣŮ˼ҲҪļ֡Ҳ֪ˣպ˸ĸӡŮӡ
ܰ΢죬뵽ΪСүݣĸ½Ƽ޸СүɺĽݼҶ£Ҳţ·ա
ǵ³ɣСүӣҲûĽ̺Ͳʲôˡ
ܰһæֹǲű߼ʵ롣аСү˶޶Щ뷨Ҳ֪պжŮҪΪֲۣ֪ǳٷծ
ĪЦ֪ܰк˼룬Ѿڻˮ֮ЦЩӲˣɸоʲô
ܰйûǷ·۵˹ļɬ飬ɳƵã޲ס
ĪЦ˵ͷͷתȥһĿڣпࡣ
ӺˮܰϾΪ˾ķĿƬǸ£ǸιҩôƤһйϢŮȻ
뵱ǾһӲͳ໳ӣȡһӡһֱãҲͰ͵ܵ˽죬Ƭֻʣţβۣ
ѾˣҲ޼£ĪЦһҶˮܰ£ôôǵܰɶ
ܰˮиɬ˲٣Цܰ츳пɣѿƷҩСүʲôҩҪ𣿡
ĪЦѴϤܹƵƷҩҲƷѡѰʦܳɹƷҩǸףܰǸ̸ӣ˵һȽϺ˵Ʒҩ˵ѳƷĶߡ
ĪЦдϲĿȵĶܰ·ҪʳΪ̰úߺ׶˶飬СĲҪҪġ
ССүܰϺϼȾСүŮʲôã˵ҪǴӦǲӦ
˴Сһ𣬶μഥ̹ɰ˽ҲޣСүҲ˵ˣһŮ֮¡֮ʱԴɩ飬˭˲֪ĸȻġ
ǸϲŮ˵ġξңҪܰþܾοСү֮ˣҺռ˱ˣɣǡ
ܰԽԽϢһķϣͷҿ
ĪЦ˷֮УµõСѾͷФӣӴзƬǰ
ܰɻὫҩ
ҴӦܰȻѣɫ󾽵ĿǰƯģϹֵƬҭ
ĪЦܰеʧаȻҩŸͽʶ̫٣Դ̫ƶ񤣬ܰһˮƽϡ
ܰһ񣬲Ƶơ֪СүҪʲôĵҩ
ղֻӿԪĵҩܰ˼˵ѡֵҩĪЦɻѵӿƺֵܶҩ
ȻԡǷر̣ΪϡСҩѪԪĵҩƣһЩƷҩҲƣȡзƴΪ鵤
ܰãֵҩʺңĪЦһʱЩԾ񣬱㿪ʵ
ܰ룬СүѧϰֵܰҩһΪԪƷٵһΪͻƿ˳ﾭƷȺ
һͼΪĪЦΪοĿƬҲװ˷ѡ
ܰ̾˿ЩյϧܰΪ˴˴ҩģ´١ûٲҩȻɰСүࡣ
ĪЦȻʮ㣬ڰֵ޷ֻܰʲôұҪʲô
ܰŲٶԣӴóһƴСĵ¯ڵϡָֻһ㣬˲УСɵ¯˲󣬳һ˶ߵĺ¯ϵƲʹ⣬¯·ȼŲĻ棬Χ΢΢ԲǷ
ⵤ¯ЩһΡĪЦ̫ɽУҲûĵ¯ʥƷҲƷ롣
ЩܰҩŻòıСţĪЦ㿴ոջ˵ûٲҩܰ治ɫӴͳϰĲҩ۾գͶ뵤¯
ҩ֮ŨĪЦû̫ɽЩҪ۰ĲҩɫҪá˺ĪЦΪ֮Ŀ
ŮɺóƷ޹ͷͶ뵤¯ĪЦ𽥴͵ĿУóһƿŨȿ飬ɻһС֮Դˮȫ¯
Ǵ˵еĴ٣ŸΪĪЦԡԭΪƴƴ̫ɽ˲ҵСҩһҵӣɽĲƸѹζһ
ˣҩ츳ԼܰƸĪЦٸˣ죬ԲᣬϥʼС
˴ΪŨĪЦոͻƲã״ֺ̬⣬̱ԪӦϵΣ֡
ʱһţ̨жĵ̨ȹƲˮ¾µˣҲڲ֪޸
ֱʱ֣ͻȻƣٴ˼ء
ĪЦȻ˫ۣһƬȡ
ֻ¯ԲڣǺˮɽ֣ͻȻӿֵɫաǻ¶Ȳ̫ȣȴһ಻֮УƿǣٻΪ
ĪЦȻ󾪣æ£һ̤ڵ¯֮ϡ
ô£
ܰ˿ϥڻ֮ϣü˼ǳ˼ĿڵԲСү˴ԣƬƷʼѣܰСƷҩ˼ҩƷǶƷҩ١ɫһֵĵػ֮١˻䲻ͣȴʿڣ޸İˣʴ̨Ϊ
ĪЦԶԡ˶ǿ޷Ʒҩܰȴǳ̫Ʒ׵ĵҩ޷ճ
һ֮⣬ƺţĪЦʣܰнİ취
ܰ΢Цͷ·ɡ
ĪЦ


137 
޴¯Ҳ, ѿʼ֮סĪЦļ٣ź޽֮ɫܰɬڣܰ, ǵػȼգ¯еҩΣ
ܿػ֮, Իը¯ҩҲʧܡػʵѿ, ϵþ, Ҷᾳµ, 𡣲·ܰٸһ¯ǡ
һ֪ƷʥƷĵ¯ҩĵҩ׷̬, ĪЦ̾硣
ʱ, ĪЦԹŶǺûܰĺ, ȥı, ƷҩõܶԵĿƬĸ
ĪЦ, ϣһȻ, ǵ־ʱը¯ĵ¯, 񱼳С
ܰ커ס¯¯еҩ
ܰĹ, Ӧʵ, ס¯, ڿУǵ¯ĹҼһ㣬ĪЦ񱼶ĸ档
ػȼգɫԽԽ಻ʼڵ¯֮ڱֲ䡣ľһػ𣬱ȼգգ۾ǻһƬ
ӳյϼȻʧɫɫǴأӰеĹ﷢ĲҽС
˿һǣһʿ첽Уü֮䣬ǵ֮ɫ
˴˽Ҵ͵һҵЭܶô˵شС
Ȼ̽ɽڣֻԺɽʵҵȱɳûɱ
йɽΪףбɽУżλ콾ڱչأҪħ²УƾҵֶΣϼѡֻҪüУɲС
˵λʿɽһջ࣡

˿Цƺأ
ʱһλʿüʦ֣㿴Ǳǲˣ
Ǳʦֵʿ̧ͷһЦ𽥽Ӳأػ֮٣ɫػ𣡡
˵ɴ۾˼顣ħ֮أԵλٵػĸ콾ͻƣ
ֻʿпٵı£±Ѿӿ񱼡
˳ͬи
˵ĺȻŵӣλԲͬʿţ˫ս⣬λʿͬģ໥ĬŸȻŵӴϢ֮
Ȼŵܴᣬѱ޿ɱܣԱű֮ģơ
ʱХ˳һλ־پ޴¯ȼòʿǳ
˵ǳ٣ʱ죬ʿ·̤֣Ĵ̶֮֮죬ʿֻоһ˲ϱȼɫ棡
ҽгһƬʿﻹҴ򶷣ͻƼޣӴܡ
ҹɫŨѲɽֵĹͭ࣬ĻƣֻлŨơ쳤˲Ƶ񣬱һŵ¯ĻˣŽýг֮ͣٶ֮Ѹݣʵ˹
ǶʱӴܣͭӵ춼ǡʿʵ̫ܵ죬ӲǼ粽㽫ײɡɲǵػȼ»𣬸ֿס֮Ƭ̱㻯Ϊɢ
ɽУĹӳһȻҰѪϣӿִŭ֮ɫһץסǰԴĵȵֻǸӭףС¶ãã
˵գǰëĴ֣㽫һࡣһĻ¹Ⱥɪɪҷ
ȻվһɽζزһӣĹҫ
ӣԼȥӭСҵҪĸʶȤСӸŮˣ
ɽ䣡
Сƨǰ·ٹҹУɽѲɽһйƺƵɽ֮Уޱִ˼أ״Сɽľ޴ɽŷӷףë壬ڹӵ֮»С
ÿ̤һɽּϢǿһ֣裬ʢ֮ǰ
ɽѲɽٹУ˸ҽɱۣ
ͭһ죬ǰǼС㳶ŲӸߺ䣬һ֮б
ڹͬǹĿͶԶֻŰ̳󲿷ľѱȼΨɽ֮ѹƣûʢա
Ȼɫ䣬һ˫ȫ׵ӶʧУֵأ
ֵⷽǹӪĲҵŨУһ䱦ء񾹱մ룬βʹ
˵ʢ֣֮ѵǵػ֮٣
ĿѣȴҲ״٣̺ȵ汾ع鶴Ų
Ѿˡ
ֻһƺ־壬ײľʿž޴¯ڹɫػȼʿȴ֪ΪγٳٲʹյƤ罹̿Ⱦŵ¯Ųͣ
ڹһɢǹӷףٶȲ죬˿̾޹άĹ¹ѡ¯ײڹ֮ϡ
Ӵ֮졣粻ֲ֪ʣüӲס˵ػգȻ
֪ãѹɫػ
Ϣ£־壬ȫһάжĪЦͻȻ֡ɫƣ£һܽ˳ʱ䱻ػ֮ٷգֻһɣҲ
˿ǣĪЦǿȼΪǿ类ճɻҽһغ
ĪЦõҩϣԵػް취Ծŵ¯Ѱܹµʿ
ܹٵĵҩضø֮ͣ˵Э԰ѹסػ𡣵ʱԳȡߵҩ֮ܰزز
뷨ܺãʵʩ֪ػ֮жǿƬ̣ɥʧǣֻ屾ж֪ܵ
˿лָдϲ̧ͷһһɽһӷ׹ŭĿӡĴƤھҲĹ𻨸⡣
ĪЦգգ۾Żҽ
ܰЩڶ𣺡Сүʵǿ¾Ǵ˵ɽǻ·ɣ
ĪЦһҲһ·ܰŵ¯һͷײɽרѹƵػӵɽһССˣҳײһʱ죬Ͼմ˻ӡɫմȾѲΪ֮ܵȴɽҽһ˺¸Ƥ⣬ǻ˳ȥ

ĪЦֻоǰ˴¯һͬɳȥѪ£Ƥѣ̹֮ʹҪʹȥΪΪϣ̨֮󣬵̨֮㣬Զͬʿɱȡһ£żʱ壬ûܵ
ܰҩʱܺã
䣬¯ӷһ߲ʺ


138 
Ǻⱬ, ҫâĵ¯ڰơֵɲǣػȻȼ, ܸ֮࣬ƣ
еʿеĿ, Ŀо
ػ֮, ϢǷ, ĪǴ˵ش
ħߵʿ, 㲻ȫž콾й֮ĸ֮ˣȻԴڱصá򶷵ֹͣ, ֹ̽ͣ̽, ػ׷ĵӵʿ, һ˿, ǵ֮Ӷ
ܰѾûоشĪЦ⡣ɱڿգ˿Ƶɫâ, Ƥٶȱ֮ɫػʢȼգ޿ɱ, ·Ӧٿ, ɱˣ˹䣬ɬ֮С
Ʒҩɵڼ, Ҳǵػ֮Ϊʢʱ, ʱܿ, ƷҩɡܰѾСүѾﵽ˼ޣֻƾһ֧ţʱɵҩûаסСү
ȻСүмᶨʱϨ·˼ȫӿޱȵˣŰ֮һͬӿŵ֮С
ǲ裬ػոΪͣܰĻһȻɢһհ񼡷ϸϸơ
ܰΪһִ´߶£ƺĳϺȻѣŨȶȻǿܰһ̧ŵ豻ɫ׹ܻУ
񼡷ѳܰѪҲĪЦ㣬ǻֱƼʼһƬ
˵ĪЦɽɣҵ״̬ѩϼ˪ѽǵ¯˦赲ɽǰ֮ơͻȻΧػܸ࣬ȸոʮһӽĪЦû
Ѫ⻯Ϊ촷ɢ׹Ҳҡҡ׹˿̣ĪЦ̨УǷСС̨ŷٲкγɻ⣬סһԴ
ͬʱ¹âʢƴʶĿڵػ֮ٵ£ʼĪЦṩӻ֮
ůʵĸоȫĪЦ׹ǿʼµѪ⣬ϰڵƤɢ䣬µļ
֮ԴԴϸĪЦһȻ˸ոհӰһͷͬյɽ
ɽǹη棬οǾޱȵ֮ܵ˺ĪЦҪĶֻ࣬ǿۻûһΡ
ɽҽյ־壬ַǳ⣬ӻضѡһɴϮǱñĻʿӱ͵Ϯɽ⧲ײСɽһ֮У̳
ĪЦǴңк裬·Ҳ룬һĶƷҩ֮ϣʶǰĵˣΨֵҩߡ
ɽǷ˶õİӡҲ֪˶ٽ˶ˣºƴıӻ֮˥ĪЦҲ֪˦˫ɽʬ֮ڣһӲĶ
ĪЦлججݽߣľԳһ˫ִɽ
ǰɷߣɭȻΪŨһ뿪ɽʬ壬ʬѸٸɱСС㱻ػգΪ촷ɢ
ѵдڣɽͳһΪ
ĪЦ˼άͻδףΧػ˲ȫϨɢĵ˱ҩɢ˼£ĪЦо̨ޱȣѵĵ̨ʼ޸
Ʒҩٵɣ
ܰһסŵҩһУɲǼޱȣε壬ӿ֮ľ˲޸̨ϳӯ
ĪЦһɼΪ͵𣬿ܰǰŮֿٽһŵҩС
ů⻮漴бŷδܹ֮С֫ٺӯʢ֮ӿ̨֣תڻȸԾ
̶һϢʱ䣬Ʒҩҩ͸澭ĪЦһ񣬶ǡĳƮ裬˫Ŀ⣬ڱǵԴԴϡһһȭ
ⲻκһȭ˹Ʋ
ɵػ죬Ʒҩϴ裬ĪЦǿһ̨סĽޣŵƾ
ĪЦϲתͷȴܰæҵóϴ
ԭոյػգҲһѻΪɻңĪЦ±壬ܰȴǲƬƣȫ״̬
챦ȴػ޷ʿ˿ȫһӵϣ˳
ĪЦŭڣһɽܰϣŲһ̤һʿűһȭ
ۻȻˣƽƽһȭ˾ơʿһɫ˳Ϯ֮ɫж˼֣ɢбδɨĪЦ㱻ɳȥһʿϡ
ʿ׹أѪȻ˵òᡣ
һ֮شλڵʿʿǺҲ
ʿʧɫһʱðȻǰ
ĸҴӵؽ֮ʿڳ˶ޡʹ콾Ҳϲڣǿǿȡѵʿĸ޴洫ɣ
ǸӶֵˣ벻޶Ҫ¡뵽˸ոջ־ٵ¯ԡؽ֮񱼣ɽֵر٣ɽʿǵսľ
⻹Ǹˣ𵤴ܶδô£
ĪЦĹô룬˿״̬۷壬ԴԴϣһչȭŵĺʱ򡣽̤ڷɶưؾӰһһƷзתۼǵسЩʿȥ
⾢һȻڵʿֲסοĪЦѪʢǿȷͬ졣ưؾʩչͬն
ɢ˲䱬Щӵ䲻ȴҲ˻صˡ
ӵսǷĪЦΪ£⧲ܵˡ˿̷ӦʩֶΣǽ˲ѹȺ֮
ܰ·ճһһʿľ޽ĪЦǰǿʱã
º͵ҩ֮ĪЦԾ޷⼸λŵӣ´֪ǲǹ߳·ܰٶȾ˿ȺĪЦɷݿ񱼣ܿ콫λʿ˦
ˮϣʱͣ¡ĪЦִܰȴһݣϢûҡ
ĪЦ棬סʵܰܵô죬ôᱻ׹ץס
ܰ΢΢̾˿еյ˵һͬλʦΪܣһƽߣܰͱ͵˻˹
ĪЦ
ҩŻǻﻥŽѰ
²²۵ʱĪЦĺˮ߷Ħ
ʵغأȴƤʮϸ塣ɢĺ⣬δ˿ʣڻǿ֮
ĪЦ˽ĹϵҲ֪Ҫ꣬Ҳƻޡﾹǿ꣬ǹħ߹죬˵ǵڹ֮ǴܾܿǴ˵ش֮һ
ɽͳɽ֣ʵǷûеػ֮ÿƣʮҲƥСóߣǴ֮һһߣ¾ںˮӴϡ


139 
ħ, ƯУЩħĴϡ
ؾӦйɻʵ塣Щħħ, һֻӵħӡǵһʿ
˿ħΧħΧ, ŲƬڣƶΡÿһλʿ, Ǵֱһֻʿؾ, , Ƕ̶̰ʱ䣬ֵĿʧɡ
ǧδʦЦĿڴ˴ħ߾ζҪң֪ͽûС
ҩϹЦԼҵȥĵ, ͷӻȤ
ǧδʦ̴ӵ, ǲ˭ڿЦ, ˱ûܴ˯ˡ
, һֻħɢͰķƬӳյԻ͡
Ф粻ͷ, ʦͽ򲻷ȱۻ̶, дʦַ, ˷ջ񡣡
ԣǧδʦ˸Ƿ, Ϊʧ, Լҵ
һֻħֱħ, ˳Բ˼ٶȺɨǷ򣬺˵صй֡һ죬ħɽ֣һ򣬹â̰ɭȻΪһھ޽ڿգǽһֻħֽס
һĻΪ𺳣Ŀѩʥʹ˹ȥ¶𾪡
۾ЩħУҲԣ޴ˡ벻˶̵ʱƽʵӦЩʿ֮
ɽɫ˼֣̾ϢȻŷ޼ʮؾ磬ţΪһ̳ϧе۾˴ڣķעڸǼ֡
޼츳ĵһ·ߵ̫˳ĸ˴һЩۣҲպС
ֹһһƺսһ񲻿ɵĺȻѹ֮߸֮䡣һɢʧҲһЩΪһâ֣»ΪħħС
һӰħ߷Ӷڸŵķзϡ
ҩϿǰɫĵӣЦŰڰֵʤһգΨҪǽ̻壬вͻΪͳ֮δ֮Уһ
λҩŵףҩ
ɽΪЦ޼Ȼȵ۾һ㣬˼Ҳǳ£ҺȻд콾Ҳ
޼¼Ѿ磬һľţ츳һ٣ɽ˺ԣҲ
ĸ
ռؾƣΪ֣ͳ֮һĺȻţ˲ű˴θǳʮӽħз޼֮Ʋɵܵħ²У˵Ҫ֣ϼ֡
׹һ֣ϣⲻǷǵ漰Ĵ֮Ľ档׹˥пݽ֮ף֣˽ܵ飬ƺƫ֣Ҳʹ׹źͼɷŸеΣ
ɷŹҲۣħŵһûͳŻΪڷΨһţһֱΪΣ֮ھ£ǿά֣ݽ߱㸲šǰ˲ŵ㣬ɳĮ࣬һֱղ츳׿ĵӣƲӡ
һѡӣõóֵļޣÿһλҪһ񣬱˵ϹȥŵϣҲΪã
޼չһӾʹͳŵӣħֻһսŵӣеĽ֮ɲӲġ
ڳܴӵģϺŵǿߣŵ۾ͷ޼չֳʵҲк
ʥʹһЦȻ˼ӳ֣ϲɺء
ʿȴ˿ûа١ݺǸСޣ˾ʥʹѡʵΪǸ֮ĹȫһҲؽԿݡ
΢ɲ鿴˿ޱѩʥʹЦ
ֻʿʥʩġŮĸǲ󣬶λʿôУ˴콾Ƽ˵֪˵ļһ档ҵҪʥ֮ʱǺα顣
ʥʹе⣬䲻ѩʥʹɨ촽ϣ˵֣ܿջĿ⣬·һжûз
ʥʹΪ񣬶Ŀһʱ֪С˵ǡϱ֡
ոһĻ˲Ժɨأħŵǰ۵ǸСӣǰơһʱ䣬ѪӿЩû¶֮ɫ֪˶Ϊѹסȥѩʥʹĳ嶯
հһű࣬ɽѩ˽ɿЦܸһЩС˲ƫƫЩʿֻäĿݣ֮ΪŮҪʵڴ򲻹С类˺ι
ιȥʥʹѩʥʹĿ⣬һǴǿȣǰ۾ڵĶҪˡ
˿̣ǵУеҩ㴫Զŵͬʱ٣Ǵ򾹿ʼɫػ
Ƽ״ǵػ֮٣ɫ㴫бᣬҲ䡭ԣ鵤Ʒ鵤
ǧδʦϻοЦСӻеʶҩϸͽ˾ػ֮١
Фͷ򷲼ƣҩƷ鵤ߣҲǲࡣ˴ħڣŨʤκţƷ鵤ԭһУӦΨܰ͡
ҩܰһеڴ˵츳ѣȴһ͵ԡŵĳţȴһϤǴŮһ¯֮ĹžƪƽɣķѲһսǷųϡ
ʦҩϽ̫ãȻŽף񣬴Ůѳ˸ĺ
ҩ̾˿ϵĳ֮ɫܰһޣ֮ܰǰʱǲСƷҩ٣Ҽʱ֣Ҳͻ˼ը˼ʥƷ¯˴صضҪС£ҪΣվͿ·ʶͺáѾͷƽΪɣĶ֮ôȴأ
Ŵԣǳ鴤֪
ǧδʦǲСק˼룬ѱָ˷緶
ؾգͽпյҲͰˣС١⻹㣬ڷ仹ƷҩŸˣը˼ʥƷ¯ⲻˣ
뵽ԼǼ̣ҲͶƷҩմմϲõһƷ¯ͷǧδʦͿ·ҷ
ҩһãĵ͵Ӳԣ˵Ļû˲š
ɽ¶֮ɫܰ㣬ҲҪ޼Ϊ£ǱǺȻŵˣȻдá
ʱǵػȼշΧתۼ侹˴
ĿǴֻеĹ֣ȫû֣м⣬ϷڷС
ܿ죬б㴫ΪŨҩ㣬ŵҩӰڻƯ֡ĿŵҩĪ
øܰСƷҩҲˣһţŶˣǴŮ裬ѿҩʮ꣬ǺεȾ츳
һȻ𻹲㣬ҩҲҪ֣֡˲¡ӻؾһ񣬽ҲٷĹס
ĵĽ֮ʣ㿴ŵҩһɾǣͶ֮С
ػ֮ٴҩܰѾͷû·ҩн˿ûƷҩֻΪԼͽçײ֮ǳ
Ƭ̺󣬱仯һŵҩѳɳɢ߲ʱƷҩֻͣħʳֻħֶʱâʢһֻס˰Źɭɭߣ
ǰУФһƣ΢΢üͷΪű㿴ߵĹ֣ӿΪĺȻǸȻŵĵӣ
ȻУ˷޼⣬Ҳȷʵвٺӣܾסɫؽ֮ˣ֮١˭
Ф۹ⶾĿֻܰħʱȴʼնһֱڵػĵħ֡ͷ·и֪ʿװűĵ¯һ·֣ʼջղղ֮棬ФĿɿڴ
֮У˺·Ƿ֮ҾȻ֪ܳɹؾջΣҶҪһЩ㣬;̹
ػȻϨӵкȻħҲʿǴ򶷿һ֮ӲȺռϷ硣
ſţѩʥʹ۾𽥵ɴСſޱϤģϵ¶һݵưؾϢħ֮Ȼš
ǸϣôħߡôģҪˣԣʱֻΪôõħʸģôΪͳŵӵܶ൱ЩʿУкȻŵӣΪǻභѵȻڶңؾУҲҪߵ£
ѩʥʹòײŽɫڵƽһЩһϰ԰
ܿ죬ֱһռ˼άôħߵģ
ոպȻŵУûӰֻ̫ɽеĶ
ʥʹǺڷ磿
̫ɽжˣϾûǸһʸ񣬺ο̫ɽΪ˴˴ħ֮ҲķѲѪܽʸǲǴϱʥʹˣԲܲ£
ѩʥʹദϸڣһĻĻͻ
ڱ׷߿άҸжУûж룬˿ɵĶ࣬غӡ
żȻΪ֮
ѩʥʹǴϻ֮ˣϸ֮£־ôΪûκβ֮ȴ̫ɺ֮С
Ķ˼
ΪڲΪ֪أǸ͵¿ħǷйϵĸʥʹ£Ƿҥɢ
Ŀڷ·һʯͷѩʥʹɫɷףѡ
һɴδйĿɬĵ֮ͬʱֵĻһֲԸֱӵĿֻš
;Ѳ⡣ԣһԳ֮Ĵ̡
δκ˺ľٶ㹻ⴧһˣ޹ط£ֻʳġ
ҲһֻɺϣҲǴħϵʸͨһλʥʹ̫ɽеıӻħߡһ
Ȼֲ²û߼ҼΪЦѩʥʹ飬ʼղԸʵǿиǸҲ
ͬ¹磬ȴҪ꣬͸ߣ鹲ʧǸ·ʵԼָ갡ôնˣ
֪ѩʥʹ۽΢죬һҪ޵ĳ嶯
һ㣿
˾˭ܱȷ޼õУѩʥʹ񼤵֮ʣһŵððʧʧľų
һڴϵħ֣һߣ߳һħ֣ʿ
³һѪĪЦһ㱻ܰˮ棬ϾǿЦ⡣
ðߺЩᴫеʿܿ׷ϡܰˮ̻֮ߣǺйʿභ
»壬йѹӰ죬ɻ硣໥ϣҪߵʿˮףһ봫С
ͳųЩʿսǷǺйʵ˵ãҲ˲ᡣĪЦԴϰߣϹܰѹ⣬ƴˣڽһ봫УǸ׵Ĺȡˣк϶Ϊһ׹ĪЦС
Ȼ˸أһжֵõġе֣˵طӡȻƾճ޴顣
˿̣ĪЦĿȫ֮ϡ
ʧȥĵʼĪЦߴʼӳι״ֲǳªɲǾޡ
һߵֲУĪЦǼϤֲ
ᣡ
ǽӵĹᡣܰ״̬ĪЦһ㣬һŵҩῪڡ
ؾϼӳɣ˵Ǽ֮أ᲻Ϊ档ؾ粻ͬӻԳӡӣﻹкֻܶйڤȪŻҩġܰһĵͷ˺һҵһΪеĻ棺Ƿˡ
ĪЦ˺ð죬Ŵӵܰпֻϲ̲ʹĿǻײ̰
ػ֮ʱĴѾٻ٣ֻܹмƷ׷Щʿߣ㹻̰ϵĴֻصĪЦС
ЩӵܣŶԼסɢЯмҵΪǴĶЩʵõҩЩòĺöͳͳš
ĪЦѹ˼󣬺Ȼ֣Ʋˡ
벻ɽˮ·һ塣õк󣬾˶ĵرѹΣֱǶȻ̩
պ󣬵ؽڣȫһ飬һƬȴûκβҩĪЦܰ޴֮£һʱ


140 
ߵ鼫ɼ, ͸ȵҪ߳Ҫʵ
ұߵȻ෴ɷħ, ѪⰵأһǼ֮ء
ܰͨе, ܰ²⣬, ұ޵, ĸ, 棬ʲôУҲࡣʦ˵, ĴҪǿ, Ϊ, , ҲܱȣòҪѡǱȽϵù, 
ĪЦð̾Ϣʲôʦ̳ʲôͽܣս֮ʱܰʵ, , ȴÿÿͷ·ħߵʿ˼ܰ۾, ͺ, һΣն롣Ҳ֪Ѿͷô쵽ڵġ
˼һ, ĪЦҲ˵ߵճ̶ȻҪʤұߵ޵ǻȴ޵𡣡
ܰûʲô飬һ߽ͬ޵顣
޵һ硣
֫hûȾѪŴӵƵĿǰֳ־޽ӡ
˵ߣʮʬ壬̫ɽе˾Ҳͳŵĵӡʬ嶼ǱһʱΪ꣬ϻŵЦ⡣
Ӧ΢΢һЦӢϣ崺ɡĿ⼫Ϊ󵨣ɨ֫hãε毺õ˵ȴһ˿ҲС
֫hɫ԰ֽʶսжϽһƬࡣ
ؾ֮㱻͵޵˵صħսһħҿ˼ѹˣ˻֣ڴħѣ·ŵӡ
̫ɽụ̋ͨӵҲ̫ɽУ໥䶼ǿͿϵ֫hñʥʹŮ壬¸Ǽӵܣһͬ̽ؾ
ʱĶ飬οڣ沢ӵҲûбʤգԽ¿Ȼͬ⡣
һգŽС΢նɱħ֫hҲͻħҲΪһ˳ʱǰλħӡ
ھ޽ɢŨҵ˼Ĺ˷ںϣɢŸħһеϢһͲǷǽħǰҲԼĳ߽ħߵ£һ۱ϳǾ޽ܾܿĳһĴ֮
ŵӸĸȻϷŹκοԣӽ޽˭֪ӻ˵һ䣬޽ɨֻһУ㽫˷ŵ
֫h֪Ϊ£ؾκ˶޷ƥУ൱ӳֵһɲǣ㲻ɫվʱ׼ܡ
ͻȻ֣˶⧲ֻ֫h÷Ӧ졣ʮԱˣıϡΪʥʹµĽƣؼʱ̻ס촦
ҲǼˣ޷нӵĵڶ֫h֪ԼＸħͼı˵ƸۣȴԵ޹ʵ
ǿǰ˶У֫hĲʣȴΪ
̫ò¶ģһǰ붼·òӮʥʹһΣΪŮ
ټǸˣûеõܾһеȥ
֫hϵۿɼıŨ۾üһһǿŮЦŨ
ħҲǺɱáһЩǷѵʿֻƾɱ¾һⲻ֪ħⱾģħ
ħִģת֮䣬˱㲻ܰѡ
˽ħԣ˶ħ츳֪ɻħΡħޣһɻķˣ˲ӵħɻ
Щӵħޣֻɱֶεӣħ裬ƫħ˽Ϊ߱ɱа֮ʵڿЦ
ħ˶Уȴչ֮ȥѰ³ˡ֮٣ִ᳹ʼ֮ˣǷëǡ
ǰŮɻִأʱգǸħĺӡ
֫hôƴһս֮ʱǰӺһЦһ̤һָ֫hüġ
ɲǼ䣬֫h˫۱ŨصǣһƬɷܻ棬Ծ
ǰһƬŤһϣϣҪ̨ʹ࣬ҽУ
ΧʮڵħУ볯߸
ħļ㣬ҾΪһѻɱЩ޴ޣ˺ħһǧǲܡã
۾ЦȥһŮ
˵ĪЦܰ޵ոסΣһ߰˳ֱֻۣ࣬òȳª׺ﳯ˽
ĪЦ󾪣ҲһȭȭХȻ绢ֱ˺ڸݳһȭӡȻԽʿѪһȭȴֻǶͣƬ̣һγɱ
ǿǣĪЦҵٴưؾƷӰĴѨ֮ϡǶȴ·ȫ֪ʹܲ˵Ļֱۣȭ裬ѸޱȡĪЦ׵壬Ȼը飬ǧһ֮ʣֽܰǰֱֻۣĪЦ󳷡
ò˵ܰ·֮ƵǷ켫ٶ֮죬ߵﶼûӦأԻֱۣʧȥģ൱˵ڵء
ĪЦæƿܰƷã⾢һͬδüҽУȻѣʬɽѪģ
աĪЦһһʬָ֮׸ǴСĺɫ棬䵽֮С
С̺ȴΪ档ĪЦ֮ܵӦл֮ơ
ʲôڵ
ĪЦһӣǻûУγһ״ӡ
ܰüͷ΢壬ħ۳壬Ŷʢ֮ʱ޴ɨս޲ʤΪɱ̫࣬ΪʿϽħҲ䡣һ峹׼޻ڡ˵ħ羫ӦһħӦþħ۱Դħħǻ̺ǿܰϲ˵شбйء
ĪЦܿ˼Ҳ˵ǾܵĻɱħӶħ𣬱лô˵شС
ܰͷıһмΪǿĴڣոսʱҷħƺƣȻôױɱ
˳ָܰȥĪЦſǽħʬ壬м͸˵ʿ
ոƺһսıˣǼ˸ˡ
һϲȺӣٶУǻҪԵһȺħܰ΢΢üѾʼ滮·ȷСүİȫ
ĪЦɫ˼֡һ˵ħԶԸȺӵħӦԣ
ȻΪգҲ֪غʦ㾿ôˡ
ȻֿܳУҲԴܣǲôġֻΪʦΪҲڣ̶ֳȵħûʲôʤ㡣


141 
, ĪЦʵǵ伮ûмħڣ
һǿ߱ɱ£η, ħ壬֮, бȼ𵤵Ϊûʲô㡣һЩط, кǿĿ, ǵ, ϧǶǷޡ
ľطĪЦһ˼
ʱһζŨҵѪ֮, ԶʿĲҽ޵˻
ĪЦ˿ǴԶӶѪɫϪ, ޱȡ֪Ϊ, ϵֿʼԷӿ, ʲôǡ
ѵأĪЦһںᵶ, ؾħ壬ħޣЩСͽС
ֻһ, ûʱǿ󵽲ɵֿ, ֻڣѹơ
ĪЦأһݵܰ, Ǵȥ
䣡
ʯ, ̳
һߵ׳˶, ף̳߳ªϱ鲼˺ۣͷмһܱͫߺɫѪ̽ơ
׳˶޷ŭĴţֱô޹ĵľ죬ΧһȦȦ
䣬ɫͨ죬ɫһ·ӿ϶ͷֻͫһִѪǳͫмһȻŵϡ
ʿǰսѾѷ޷ӿѪ⣬ֻὣһѪֱնϳ͸šһɼ䱩ŰըȻŵδһֱӱʬضǡ
Χ˵ʿ̵תοٳ룬˱Ҫ׷䲻ʬܳһӰԼѸݵٶĺ󱳣ϵĴִѪܱһҧ
˱޳ʹŭһֱ붯ץ𣬺ݺ˦˳ȥȻδһѪɫӰٶȳǰҰһ㣬ҧסָ
ܿϵָҧϡ˱޷ŭȭͷ񴷴ӰͬɽΰôزͣҵӰѪģ
źɫ棬Ӱ˫Ŀϸ֡Ȱ˱ϸصħѸɢһֻ˳֣ȵĽסһȭͷ
ȭͷӰԴҪȴʼ޷ԽС֣ǰ˱ٽֺ
ħٶͣӰŰ˱ǿֲһվֱ壬ѪҺǵϣһĨ΢Ц
ħԾ˱ΪħѪɫӰħεĻǰ޷֮

Ӱһȣ˱ޱסֱֻ޶˱ѣλζ䣬һֻѪִܵ͸š
˱޲ҺһʵٴζöͫӰɫââ֮ʬ嶼˷ĩȴûɨӰֺ
Ѫĺ촽һһϣ˰ڰ˱޶𣺡͸Ұɡ
ָȻһץ˱޶ͫȥֱһСɵ̴С
֫hڰ˱޾޴ϣ˲ǵѪ屻ѪɫȾ飬˿ڣеɼǣͣðѪȴ˿ݡ
˶ĵѪ⣬һ̽УһǰδеĻ棬ջڣЩѪ⡣
ججͷУֳྭеķš֫hʶ˹һɹůڶ𣬿޸Ĺ
úŮ̧ͷǵѪ¹ĵը飬Ůͪԡؼ侫ޱȵħػ
սŮƤһӿͻȻ˳ֱۡ
ڵŤŤ壬ֱĴȡһո³ȹݴá
֮ڣӰ֫hĿӿǿҵɷȻܿ죬ָãȻı顣
ּһѳϴ˼ѪҺ˲Ⱦȹ使޺÷
۵ء
㻺£һůĻ
ҹХûжľʯͷɽϣ˽ŵװ巢
ĶУ֫h۾Ļѻž죬΢Ļ޷ɢϺ紵ҡҷͣ
ʻУӰ粢ڶڣúܽ
֫h΢΢ۡ
ѽʦƴãΪȻûѣ
λֹر˲࣬ɺǿħڻţܰħޣܰϢһлҪԼ
ʦѣزţħ˸ǰӣԳܡ
Сүģֹ念Ӧûˣֻħܰʱû뵽ӡ
һħӦʥʹµĽƣһĪǰ˱µ
Ӧòǣܰо
ȿȡ΢ĿĪЦͷһµ˫¶һĨϲɫ֫hߡ
ʦоôˣ
֫ḩ֣ſڣƺҪ˵Щʲô
ĪЦ̻⣬ӽչȥ
ڣöˡ
ʲôȵĶһ¶ķ̡ĪЦʶתͷܿǲ֫hõ°͡
ƮҡӳŮӣ΢΢˫һ޵ĺ촽żֵóѵЦ⣬͵ȵСҰè
ĪЦһʱȲ̾ȴһ֫hã֪һѹסӣŵࡣ
䣬ҡ
ܰ˿֫hãֿ˿Сүһ΢ĺ⡣
ֹ˵ЦˣѪʢˣô䡣岻ʣܰɰ㿴Сүӣϡ
ĪЦɴ⣬̵ܰҩţͨҽ㣬Ƿġ
֫hקס½תͷʾ㿴ܰ˭Ҹϲȣܵţ
ܰ΢죬˵һ仰ȻСʦϴҲûôˣһʱԶԡ
ѴСүе֪Ůͬʦ֫háŴŮмͬ顣Сүֻ˵ѣԴ䣬û˵һȰ
뵽Сүҹҹ޲ηУٿǰܰܵԺﲻƵĸ档
ܿӦϵľ֮ɫȥ΢΢򴽡
СүŮ˰֫hò֪Ա𣬴ģȥСүݳ籩¶ʱΪȻ֪ҪϸʦѾŴѣٶ¶ˡ
ֹ˵ĺеܰôأ
ĪЦεʦ㣬ҪЦܰŮҴСһ𳤴󣬿ʦ㻹ܰݲܷġ
˵գܰʹɫ
֫hˣֻ̫ܾܽϣܰϡսӴѿóܰǸϻ۵Ůܶ˼
ȻŮĿУ΢΢ͷһĵ˵ĻȴĪЦɵ
Сү÷˽˵ҹܲܵã


142 
ĪЦֻб, ǧԿں˵ֻܰæͼӴװ
Լ˵˴Сһ𳤴ھ˵û˽, ÷Ҳûˡ
һʱĪЦ޲ôض㣬ڲ
ɽȻ, 洵ĺ·ˡ
Ů߶ϣз·ƮϸĻ, ȴһҲɢĪЦĵĺ⡣
֫h, Ц·ŵ, һһ÷˽
ֱܰͦˣĿ粽ãΣǽ󵽣ֹﲻҪѶ鵱, Сү, ǳ֮ͬ, ˽޹ء
˿һ͵Сү, Լ
СүŮ϶ļ尾, ƴң֪ܰһ, ܰô
֫hЦ, ɫƽӹСѾͷƬӣʦôܿϣ, Ϊ˾ǧﱼ, ˼, ⶼ飬Ļԣ
ܰǾ䡰ɫƽӹСѾͷƬӡ̼ˡȷʵû˾޵ĳࡣʱƯŮ̫࣬ܰʱоѹܴ󡣽źʱ仯ܴҲ׷ߣŮ˵ô
οŮҲǴ죬Լ࣬һСѾͷƬӣ
Լɫ΢ôһ㣬ˣŮСүһ಻ԣܰͷĿҲᶨ˼֡
뵽ܰٴθĪЦһĵĪЦıİܰܲܲҪңͣ°
˭ܰٽ˵ĻĪЦͷƤ飬֫hñףСүѳԣףԧ칲ԡͬߡ㲻һͣҿڳԣ
ĪЦһѪԣԧ칲ԡǲΪ˰̱Ԫͬ߶Сʱ£мײΪ˿ڶԿڸԪ֮ˡ
ܰȷʵǰϻۣٵ˵ޱܣ޷
ܰĴܲ;ƫ˰
ܰ˵Ĵɷ£ߵݸȫͣ۾ֱˡ֫hĻȻ˰˷֡
Ȼ˶ûһöȻˣ
ԣʦܶԸôٶľګˣôͿϣѾͷſڴƻƣķЩ£ҲСģ
ʦܵĸ飬Σ
֫h綷սĸӵָܰСӣ㾹ҹҵˣҿǻˣ
ʲô
ܰȻãСĸҡʦţչˣû˸ۻ֮
Сӡ˭СӣŮոô˵ĹСүֱûۿȻ˵Сӣ
ܰͷϴڣ˿̾㲻ΪݣҲҪúýѵڲԵŮ
Ů㲻Ҫҽմúýѵѵ㣡
СҪ˭ʤ˭δ֪ʱҪģۣ
ʹһ㲻ɣ
У
ĪЦһͷæֹһᣬǲҪ
û˵꣬Ůͬʱתͷŭȣұ죡
ĪЦ
ʯɣĪЦǱܳɽ
ڶŮŭ쳹ѨĪЦֻǰ;ްɬ
Ϊʲôᷢչ
֫hùҲۣܰᣬɶµѾͷôҲŴ֣úɽͻ
ĪЦ˲޽µĺŮһ̨ϷûŮͿˡһƻƾˣΨֱ᲻ǰȥֹ˼
˵֮дֲҿŮĴֲ
ĪЦ̾Ϣ޿κεϥ˹С
̶ȣʢȻšĪЦһ붨תոܿ쾲ģ֮С
էĪЦĿиϲɫ
ȻҹΪᡢѸۡ䡣ҼսͻƼޣħ̶ձѽ뼯оٶȺѸͣħߴһ£һлͻƳ֮
ΪѸݣٶȱࡣʵޱȣܰԪ֮壬ɵϴλ˵ϴ裬ιԶʤͬʿ뼯ٶȴﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȡѰʿӼ¾о˵ҲҪһأȴԲѴ֮ٴﵽ
ĪЦлϲ֮ʱͻȻһʯͷҵ˺ףʹһͷȥֻɽʯ׷ɣһҹδͣʮ͵ӡ
ĪЦһΪŮֻƢйһ֣ͨͣ˭뾹Ǵ˸λôȥܾˣ
ܰΪ֫hҪߣĲС֣֮ǰŬǰܽɽ֮С
ֻɽһƬսĲĴǣŮקͷһţøŹ˿ûŵӵķȡ
Сӻмֱ£˻˵㣡
ŮҲǿˣûȫְˣ
ߣûȫΪҳȫݲø㣬Լ˳պѿ
СүϲңǸҪŮϲ㣬İɣ
ĵ㣡
ٴ
˭㣬ʹ򣡡

ŮȻٴսһţֻûж÷ʲôקͷ˺·ӽŵͳͳ󣬿ĪЦ۾㤡
ĪЦĬĬʿˮаһҹ˾޴Ҳ˺飬ǰװ׵ˡ
ţɽľʹ޵˻ĪЦæħܲȲҪˣһ¶⣿
ŮҲɽ˻𣬻һۣͬʱֿŤ塣
֫hƼѵͷɫƵĶܰĲ񫣬δֳܷʤøٱһ˭ɱħ࣬ҲҶģ
ܰ˲ϱŮץƵļ˿ڣ˿ڱ˲ָ̺۶û¡ͨĺߵȷʵ񫡣ҿûʵζĶҽˣ˭Сү
ܰȷʵûжʵΪ֫hڣսϲһˮƽϡĶȫ֫hø򲻹
зִ磬֪СүҪŮйԾŭҲû֡
ܰûжȫ֫hñȫ
Ȼǡ
֫hþɵ۾ָ㣬սޣ˿飬ʱʻħȡֻħɣħϻڣʾΪҲڶѡ
սսޣսԽ࣬ΪԽ죬޵Уоޱȵħ⹦űԴںϵޣ֫höԣѵ֮ء
ǲǰչ¶ħƾսֶΣδزܳʤѹСӡ
Ůй˼ɣֻܿоŹйŭ޷ƽϢŭ
ħڶɷйչָ֣¡
֫hǳƺʤȯգаŮȻûôƯʵСӯӯһգҿ˶һѡݱԻпԭСӿҵ£ҲҸˣ
ܰͦţаŮڵˣħƽƣСүҲ֪ΪԻ󣬴ʤѹ֪ѶˣٲСү
Ů˼ϣ֮䣬ǻĽ


143 
ɽ˻Ϊ, ĪЦߴŮȴ߹ιûԭתһȦ˶, ŮͲӰ
ĪЦԣֻóĬȥ׷ˡ
ߵʯͷɽ, һʮ˵ħĿĵѲɽΪʱʱĴţ޹İľ, ˻𲻶ϡ
ǧǰѾ, ⷽؾ, ûǣΨѪ뱩ŰսǴڵ塣
;Ѿвʿɥ, ȻȵսǲͣЪ
Ǻॣ
һѩ׽Ƴ, ̧ͷ, ֻƥ, ̼仯ΪʮӰ¡
˷ܵĴһ, ֱֻӡħһ޴Բܣ赲⡣һ޳, սȡ
δ, һӰշתŲ䣬λΪ, һ֮, Ƭ̱ȱ첲ȵ޴ӿе䡣
ͷѹǿ˼, 𣬿ֱһ콣⻯ΪƬһȵŮֽӣ˫Ŀ˪էԣƸв֮𣬲ǰħ赲콣֮ȥ;ħԴ޳ȥ

ĸ
ŮͬʱһµŮüۺЦЦƲǧ룬˱

Ůк˪ŨһɫǶг磬ƲӽˮϢ
ãӡǽķɿ죬޷ǽ֮ʱϻħɢ˺ۡ
߸ǺŮһЦŮƴﵽ۷壬ǿϸĳݰתˣγХ
űᴩ󶴣һս֮ȭŮ֮ϣȻ壬Ʋģȭ콣Ӽ䣬ѽͷ­
һŵҩ̽УܰͷĿ֫há
Ȼɱ߸ħնɱޣĿֻһΣӮˣ
֫hòȥѪգ̵㲻ֿһ㣬ҶսޣҲһɱ
˵գһת޵ޣҲҸұһ˭ɱ޸ࣿ
ܰһ£ȥʲô壬Сүܸһ𣬺β˳
ǲˣ
˭ңǧٴҲҪ䣡
Ҿǲб±ȹ˵ҿ䲻ҽС
˰ٰƣܰȻƢҲĹ⣬һҧһȥ
֫hǹЦ⣬Ҳһȥ
ĪЦ֮ʣֻüŮִݣҲ㳯߷ȥҿ˿׷ĸǣԭء
ʬ壬ȱоһޡĪЦ۽ǳ鴤ĵܰǺ¶ݵӣΣվ·ԴûսȫдЧпԭô֫hñŭ֮£սҲ˿ֲȻŮǲ
֪Ůʵ޵ƹȥҲڻ¡䵣ˣͨ޵
˼䣬ĪЦüһοӵһԡոڵĵͻȻһϸʯ̡
ʲôˣĪЦһһڰУһӰĶȴǸµļɷŵӡ
ʿĿɨĪЦϵߣĿ¶̰֮ɫȴûж֣һתԶ
ĪЦ̧ȥ׷ٶѾܿ죬ʿٶȾҪ죬ʼոһ룬ƺ׷
ѵղʿȦףȺ֮
ĪЦ뵽֮ǰڵĺʿƺõħµħŵеļɷŵӡãƬ̺ĹҵһЦ
ղҲʡĴˡȡõкܰΪ˴ҩ˿ݳ㣬ƾŵҩܺǿߡοΪҲ뿴Լļ
ʿһž֮תһɽ
ɽ޹⣬ĪЦĿˣҲɽľͷԥһ£Ų̤С
ɽ泤ޱȣĪЦ˰ʱ΢â֡Źâнʱһ֮ء
޴ʯϣеɫ˸΢⣬γһĻͼĪЦϸʯϵͼ䲻ĳȣ͵һħϵĺɫд˳
ħƺͼĳϵҪֶɵʯϡĪЦ˼ֿ˿ͼƣħͬϢ˲Ŀ䣬ħǿջģôϥ£ȻĿʼС
ʱһȥĪЦȻۣŰպһơƷ翴ֻһ£ȴ춯ưؾʵսжĪЦѽǰؾ¯࣬˿뷢Ҳһ˲¡
ȻһӰһѪڵϡƺҪ̧еĳǹȴûа
飡
ĪЦҪɱʿߴһкһ٣һУʿƾճ֣ˣǸӰһļɷŵӣˣȻӷ
ͬɽʿ϶ˣϢΪ
ĪЦɫ΢䡣еǿȣûּܷ˴ڣε̽ӡд⣬һʱȺ֮Ӧ죬Ҳδȫ㿪
λˣΪ⣿
ż˲ɱ⣬ĪЦƣʵ
վŵĺʿҵȱħˣ֣зɽʯڡħѹĺɫ棬Աʯ룬ҵȽȫעУֳͻͼǱ룬иʯڣ˵ÿԽͼȫܽ⿪޵ĴСǶƲᣬӲħÿɳһˣʿ
ǺʿɫѾͼȤע棬Բų̽Ѻ
˵Ϊеĳȴ˿û˼Ҳͬ䱸״̬ĪЦ΢΢һЦѾ˴롣
⼸˲ʿзɽ֮ܣ֪޷ȥ޶ȡħ棬ʿˡѰʿʯϵͼϲΪҵƽ޵еķȲע档˱ڰ֮
ʿԿƣǱֳ֮ıɿƣǱһֱڰУע档
ֻΪȴŵ֮ͳŵĵӼʶϲ˼ٳٲ»棬ɱ˶ᱦ˼
ʶһб㽫͵ϮʿشжкʱϨɱ⣬ıӦ˵ͬʱ֣ҲҪõС
һȺƵαӣ
ĪЦЦȴ¶ϲ֮ɫԭˣһɢޣλɹı¡
˵գ㽫ٵÿĺɫעʯУɫһ㣬޶
Ե˿Ŀ޵Ĵ
ĪЦɨһȦ˵زã޵̫˽⣬λɷ͸¶һ
һλȻŵӵǶ˶յʿǰͰɱħȡ档ħǿһս֪ΪΣԭСӳûޣʼɱʿЩ޴֯ܣУǶпս֮Ǽˣǲ޴ƴŰӳġ


144 
̸Ƭ, ĪЦѾӼΪʿе֪˲޵¡˵Щ޴мɣа֮, ÿĿ·øһЩ޵û, ͨûʲôǣֻ֪ɱ¾, ͬ, ҲҪ, ƴһǿԡƲ⣬ЩĻ϶ָͨܵʹ
СѾӦԼѣ޴, С, ޵˲Խ֮ءʿͬ, ֯һ忹⡣λ, ɷҵͬеʿǼǣ
˵λ͵ϮĪЦļɷŵӡ̸, Ѿλɢ̫飬ȴĪڲתƻ, Ǽûܴ֪̽κϢ
һڵɢ, ԵȡһУ˵ûʲô˭Ҳš˿̼˼ѣҲô̫̽ԡ
ĪЦװģóĿʯ, һŪ, ҡͷ˴Ѿû֮ͬ, ¶Ѿˡ
˽¶ʧ֮ɫҪ˵´غȻ޲ɽʯ䣬ƺҪ̮һ㡣
̸ʩֶΣѸٳȥ
ڣǳԶһһɫһֻ޴ɫӰ߿֮ϣ쳹Ƶ쵴Ĵزݡ
࣬һλȻŵӴʧɫֻڹ֮ڣδκιͼһʱеޣʯϵͼǻΣƽ޵ĹؼĸͼֻҪޣ˼䴫б
׻ȸ䣬֮Ѿã¾ϺȻŵӲ²⣬˶޴֮ӦλɷŵӣҲ֪ΪΣɫĪЩܡ
⼸Эܼ׻ȴһ˵ûʿȺӣ콾֮ڡĪЦüͷ΢壬ڵڶ²⡣
ħߵֻаˣܰѾͨ˵ɱ˲ʿʱôãħߵʿӦʣ࣬ƽ֮ڵ̫࣬㼯Ҳδع޴Ҳ˵˵һλħŵ콾֮ڡ
ѵǷ޼
ĪЦ뵽޼˺Ȼҵӵһˣʮؾ£̫ɽпڿഫ·Ĺ֮ڣһУҲ̳һ˼һͼҲǲܡ
ǰ콾ôб˼ַաο޼ܰԼ黹ûиĪЦ֮У˾㲻ǷҪɱҲһ·ˡ
ԽƵѾ֮̽ķ޵˻
ãڿգѾ޴ǿЩɺͼʿϣһλɷŵʿ˵
λȻŵӶһۣĿеǣǼɷʿֵ´ɽѾɱʿɽ棬ܺù޴λٲܾˣ
λɷŵΪУһΪӣȻŵϸ֮Ҳ˵ͷ
һͬԾ𣬳֮ĪЦȴǽŲһ̤෴
΢΢һ㶣¶֮ɫ
ȻŵӸһ˦ۣߵҲ֪ôõеģһ˹գʬ޴棿ҵȲҪˣЩ뿪õ˵شУߣ
Ӱת˲ѾԶĪЦٶ˻ǸһĨЦʩչС׷ϡ
׻ѨѨԶʮȻʿĽų̣Ҳ޷˲Ϣ϶ˣҲûззȲǿޡһ޴ɱƬ̣ϵǼأòǱӴܡ
ĪЦһ·ɫһ޿ӱԵ
޿ֱаףʮףмһλɷʿͷɢࡣǰһδľ޽ɢĺ⣬ĪЦϵϢʮֽӽֻ΢˼֡
Ѿ޽ߣĪеĶУϵϢ֣Ϊϼ˿˵ô˾Ǽͼ֮ˡ޵ûжľأĪЦԶǷ֣Ȼ̫Ŀŵ̽ӣвܽǾ޿ʿ͸˿в²⣬
ھ޿ӱԵʿλȻŵӼŸɷŵӼΪƣȴϸ΢Ĳ𣬱㿪ҪߵλɷŵȴͻȻѣУзŹĿ֮ɫȵΪƷ
ƷλȻŵɫ䣬Ҫܣ޿һͻȻ̧ͷһܲѪܣʬ԰׵Ƥʲôڲͣ䶯ƫƫ˫۾ȴ͸ޱȡ
ӾƤƵ˫֣ƾһץλܵĺȻŵӣͻȻǱĳסܰһһұ˫ץס
崥˫ֵһɲǣ˻Ѫʼӿ壬ԭὡ׳Ƥ⣬ۿɼĿ¸ɱȥ˳ѪͣһʬģˣѪӯָ
ȻŵӲҽϢʱ䣬㱻Ѫߺõĸʬӵиʬվ塣

һ˫ٶ̧ɷŵӱ㱻ץСողĺȻŵӲͬĳ羴֮ɫſܵЦ⻯Ϊʬ
ˣӵӯ֮ǰ͸Ű֮ɫȿʵŮమĽЦЦа˷С
ĪЦǰһĻͷƤ飬亹˲鲼ȫˣ翴ɷŵè壬Ǳβ档Ǵ˿ͬУ˿
ɷŵӻˣλߣͬŸԸΪЧջѪָܻΪǣһֱлʿڣǿһֱֶʢȻֻΪȴǰʱɽȻŵӣҶûʤ㣡
кһĪЦҪȥӵЦȻˣαضزأǼ𣿡
һֱһʧȥãڶĪЦд󺧣ͷҲطܡ
һӹȴץ˸ա
ͷ˿Լ֣΢΢Щ㵣Ц˼Ȼܶõ֮ˡΪͣȴСҴΣڰ׷㣬Ͱߺңûܰʱ׷㣬Ͱ߸ңô
ʲôԼӮ˶ǿ
ϷŪѾʤȯգƶӲԼġĪЦѷԽԸ֮ɽ˻ôãѧľǽС΢˵ʲôᣬһıܡ
еĶݵطٷʮӿٶȵƷҩ˲ʮšķ񣬱Ǹʲôķˣܷ۵糸磬οڵĪЦ
۾󼸴νҪץסʿ㿪ϵЦ⽥Ӳ˵ģʱ쵽ûץס˰Ƭ½ǣʵڲҪ̫ˡ
۾ٶ죬ҪһץסˣȴеʿִӴͳһʮٶȵĸַֽϣת۾ͽٶ⻹㣬ȻһѰץٵҩǳԶһ
۾󿴵Ƥֱɵֽҩ𣿽ħΪʲôôõĶǺεܸɳ£οʿǲ̫ڸԣˣΪʲôҩԷôԡǿƷʲƷҩȻûôϡУôҲһʲСƸħŵ콾֮Ҳ˺
ԼΪʱûļҵףСӵʲôͷ
ʱѾȥһóһƷ൤ҩ۾󳹵޷ˣ㵽жٵҩֽ


145 
ĪЦȻûЩҩֽܰ˽ڵջҩ, ܰΪĪЦ֮࣬ķֽҩѾͷƸۻ룬ǱõĶ, ƺ
ĴǬųƵķ, źǿĽƱػ濾, ֻƻ˽, ûܳ١ǬǬ, Ǵİٱ࣬Ĵӣܰ
õķֽҩ, ָĪЦ, ʮ֮һ½ؤŴĪЦ, ˿ݳ, ֶΣʵΪħߵڶˡ
۾һΪʵ, ֮ĪЦٶȣв㡣
׷ܣ޵., , ;ֻоιʹϸȥȴʲôûСżзӦ, ײ, ʱɧ, ɹ
ĪЦۣ֪ܺܵײɵԽԽ࣬ԽԽԶ˿иɿ
ͻȻǰӰ£ĪЦһͷײһɽϣʹͷۻɶȥ߶ײֻһҽУһԲĶҵС
ĪЦһʱɴ۾ƵĶչ֫ΡΡСԺҡͷԼ䣬ͷϵСҲŴ˭
˿Դһ˫۾תγСУлʹʹʹĽиͣĪЦһ±ƵĿѯʣΧɽХ˻ŷ֣ԼȻײ޴֮У߶ħޱʮոײɽһ͵ʮޣгʮΧ
ѵ޴ߣô޴֮У
ʮ޿ʦͽˣĿ¶׺âҪȭ¡ĪЦӲ·
ȴСͻȻڣ
һֻСֺƵĻ˳Сֲ磬ʮʯһȭͷͻȻͣΧҪĪЦޣҲͬʱֹסŲ
һĻĪЦӲһʱ·СüͷĪЦָָĪЦָָԼʦǣɱ
һԴʾ
ط˸İۣŭҵһҪǶ
һ޵ʱȻ򣬽ĪЦ׷ڿУһһ£ȸԾ
Ƭ̺ȫ͵ĪЦʮ޵Դϣķҡ
ؿʵƴճ¼ʼĩԭСѾͷһʼ㱻͵޵ﵽֲ̬ľ޴ޣû߼һħŵòεΣ֮£ܵľҪٴξħ塣
ɢĵħײһħǿߣͷݣΪϡȫɵۣħҲˣͱ޴ʮ޵ǰ
޵ǿʮϿɺ嶼صĲ£׷ħԽԽ࣬Щħγһ֧ǿľӣԴ˵ʿ޲ɱ
ĪЦΪذΣһҵбû뵽СͽĻҪڸ޴һѾ˼콾׷ʱѾΪָ֮Ӵɨ޵
ĪЦ⵽ǧٴθпʹûˣһ֮Ӯ
ð죬ĪЦŶ˶񣬵õ˵شУҪͼѱ׻ͼҲѾҵħ棬ȸͼɽ
˼һ£ֻСһģ޿̧ʯ
ָָʯзɽʯںܺÿŽ˿ߣʲôǰʯսƷ㿴ǲ
ԼܿƽɫƵ䡢ȸʯϣ˸ɫͱмɢŨؽųζѥӸס޵֣·ֻڷߡ
ĪЦ
Գ۾һ·˳˳ˮһ겻ţӵ࣬£ǧҫһҪʲô˾˫ַϣ۲ŴԵҰģĪֶΡΪħһպػħʶħŵ첻Ի͡
ҲнԸıǮϷ˷СĿֻе;ۣ֮ھ֮ϣΪ֮ϣǷ
ֻһСϷϷŪһûеСʿȴ
۾󲢷Ǻ֮һۣб֮ˣʵѹбֻо塣ʿַʽӹ׷۾֮࣬Ҳܵδйĳ衣
һڵСϷˣңԺƵ޴۾Ȼ壬Ҫܻħݲ־Ű
о޽裬۾ڲҷ޴֮ڣ񲻿ɵһħֻΪв𵤵ơ
ǰ޴ѣʱʬɳӻսǿޣҲ޷ֿ̫áĪЦУҲ֣صʵǷʮǰ󣬻һС
޲ӣʮ޲սĪЦСͽڴ֮УԹۡ
ʱһ޲ڰ׻ĶѨ֮Уױȵĺ⡣ɫһֻޱȵİɫϻڹ֮ڣХ𺳰˷
׻ѾǱֻʣȸޡĪЦ˿ǰ֮ĵ۾йâ˸
飡
ʯȭͷȻ£ʯͷɽһֱĴӡ۾ž޽顣̧ͷǰ޴ɽʮޣж˼档
뵱꣬ħҲʮޣе࣬ǧź֡ʮޣѾǿԺĴʥȻħ߻ûޣǲ㣬ǵսʮޣԿΪȡʤ
۾󽫾޽ڵϣĵ䣬ħ͸ûһ޴ӰӰֻʮСһͷ̬Ϊģϸȥ۾󼸺һģһ
Ӱֺ󣬵۾˵Ϣ˾޴仯˫Ŀȼħ棬һƴﵽܴﵽļޡʺѹХݡ۾֮䣬ħϲֱӡ
ʮĴţսʮֱֻ۸ֳʮѱÿһǿıħӿƱɫʮħ죬ҪͰ
λħ壬ЩħһҿǰΪڳһƬյأУΪʮ޹ź
սһ˭Ҳûע⣬ͷɢѪŮͬ


146 
˵֫hܰɱħ, ˲ջ˫ΪԼʤȯ, ˭֮ʱִƽ֡Լħʤ, һͬж
ʱ޴, ƴŲʹ, , һѨѡѨͷһֵʯڣħ档˾ײ˰׻
Ϊƹأ˲òֹսϢΪָ߰˰, һԲֿʼ, ˭Ҳ˭, ɴһͬȥ, ħ
޵۾ˣɢħѾ, ȻҪɱħ֤ԼҲ޴Ѱεãҵ޴Ӱӡ
ҪΪҼָĵҩ, ұĴм, ҵģ˭Ҳߣ
ֱܰӲǷˣҵһ, 㵤ҩ, ǷСүǲø, İɣ
ΪҸߣɱȴûҶ༸Ҳ˼˵ֻ
ܱԲѣԲҪõĶֻ࣡Ǳ޵ûɱ
ǣһġжûħ棬Ҳҳ޴ٱһȣ
㵱һ㣿ȻҲɴ뿪αָҴߣ
Ҫ˭ҪȣԼҲԣ

Ůճһۣħһսƣ޴Ƿɱ¾
ޱߵħķ۾˫ֻ䣬ħӰҲͬʱжһģһĶʮ˫ף漴˫㷢һԾʮȻ֣۾Ӷȥ
ħʮط·𰲾һ˲ֹЪûо춯صı죬ҲûʲôſĹâֻ䣬ɢХĿ类ĳƽɲǰ
˶Լ̧ͬͷ۾ʮڿգһķ·
ĪЦӰзžκˡʮ޵ϢԶʤʿǴ˵ǿĴڣӣڵΪӲʮޣϢϣʤ
Լ԰˱޶δܹսʤʮޣֻܵķݶ
ʵǼż֮ϧҶħϤ֪ݹ㲩˲űЩ콾ȣǲ׺һŲ۵ɳ֪ʱҲɡ
ĪЦԸпͬʱҲӿһ˿顣
ҵȻţٵ̫ɽУħߡĪЦһ·࣬Ѿнճɾֻ͡ǰʱѾʮߣʱ䣬ȲЩСˡ
Խ࣬ʱҲ꣬˿ﵽڣ츳ΪɻʿΪϴǣܰԪ֮Ϊ̱Ԫħϵ˿򳹵̥ǣ̨һͬʿ̫ࡣ
Ͼ֮֮ࣿ
ءůůܰصħӡЩ˶츳˻ÿһҪǿΡĸɽһֻɽ
ҲЩ콾ڣʱ̲̾Է⣬ǰԶгԽĿꡣ
ֹӰͬʱˡ
۾Ӹ߿׹䣬ħӰȻѣ֮ʱ´˫ſʼչ԰ټƵ״ơȻͦΣ˫ʯͷɽΡ벻ɴۡ
ڸ߿յʮޣʮִֻ򿪣ǳʥעŵ۾󣬳ªޱȵųЦݡ漴һ죬ѿɳɢ֮䡣
֮սΨûʤܡ޴ıΪʮС
һĻģɱ۵֫húܰɵ֣ͣЩһ𣬽ĿͶǸȻϡ
Ȼûħ壬һŷ·ߣױȣսʤϵʼӿƺ֮£ħٶȿʼѡ
ϵĵħӿ޷ģԾſ˫ۡһ壬ħӿڣΪδħ䵱ѵн
һžħӿ۾ģУĿ⿴ǸħеСŮ
ɱʮ޶Ȼĵ۾󣬴˿¶ݣħ壡
޶ħ޶ۡ۾Ͽ쵼ħ۷壬ȴ룬ֻڴ˵еħһʮСŮϡ
ҵ۾ħʥؽͳħޣħŵһΪ֮ôôδɵСѾͷ棡£ƫƫҪ죡ħΣħΣҵ۾󣬱Ҫɱ֤
޽۾Цһֱضȥ
֮ʱĪЦ׵壬ܵӰءħޣ䲻ܿƣȴҲûЩޱ
һξѣûз޷ܵƸΪˡħ壬ŲӻĵħԵһħǰΨи׳ƳֻδѣЩΪԱħγɾ޴Уڡ
ȵħƾٵϣССƺزԵϣǾʹࡣ
ĪЦļ٣ߺأ̨ܱħǣ
ĺ޴˻вֵһᣬܿ챻ûǿ۾ѱɫʡûκˣֻǸž޽ˡӿױȵĳ嶯ҪɱˣɱΨһ޵С
ΨڵΪħӳɣʼص壬ǸһΪһǿ¡
ص˫Ŀȫǣ۵Сץסһɴħûĳǹ۾ɷľ޽ȣѳǹƽƽ棬ȴǿҵĴĿУ·࿴ۣ˫۱ᱻ̴
ССϣֳһĨȫصİԵЦݡǹϻ裬΢ڿųѤõˮīǹ
޽볤ǹײһĻƾ磬ûа촫Ȼȴյսֱ޵Уʯѿ֮£һӵļ̳¶
ĪЦĹ۲޵ı仯ѾȻħ壬ϾֻڵΪھȫܸȣǹԿӵվԼʹʱһãرȻܡ
СŮᵶŵģĸйµ龰ĿֻܹĪЦ޷Ӳ
ô죬ϵħңڵʵ޷ӳսȥĪЦļ٣зתĿⲻ䣬˵ڵϵʯ塣
ĪЦбų⣬ٽʯĴ漴һһ޴ʯŲһ̤ԾС
֫húܰҲĪЦӰ̻ʧɫͬʱг
ݣ
Сү
սŮѱ𺳣鶼ûˡ˿˭ó˵ս͸û
ΪʲôҪȥҪˣ
룬ŮͬʱԾ׷ĪЦȥ
۾һسǹ˦Զͬʱζһ£һѪ
˲ǵѪߣ֮ɫСŮΪǿӳ֣޷⣬ΪݣڵħԵңкǿѹáħƺߣгơõ۾Ϊŭ
һСѾͷ棡ҵ۾ƫҪˣΪħΨһ֮


147 
۾ὣ, ߶ȫΪһ֮ϡһδблصƣ, ƾ׹աֻӰ˸۾սͦӰ, Ƭ̾ǰ

Ƶ񲻿ɵӭǳһ, ȫĵħ, ֲս⻹ǲƽƽĳǹ, ޶˱壬ǧħڳǹ֮ϣȻ۾
һһǹδ쫷еĪЦ޴ʯ, 쫷紵εҡڲ, δߺ¸ǵƤ, Ƭ̾ʳѪ, ˿ԽԽ󣬴ʹԽԽǿĪЦȫ֮ʹ, ߶ȫȻһʯ˦ˣ
ƴһսĵ۾, ͻȻоһ, ɱõħ棬ܿƵĴĴܳʯ塣
ħʯɲ, ʯ屬Ŀ, ͨƾճ, ȸڷɡ
ͬʱ׻У뷢СͬʱգĵɫȻըѣһӽսеĵ۾طֿ
ĪЦӲǼ˺̤ɶȥرڻУħ壬Ȼ³һѪȫڲıӿҪű
ؼʱ̣ٷֽܰһѽס׹ĪЦһſŵҩιСӿĪЦƴһӲѹסʹ࣬»һ˿
δһͼ۾ŽٴϮƤѾʼɱΪҲ½һɴŲɿơ
ĪЦܰкȻȫʢ֮ʱҲδܽӵסһο˶ΪոյĶԾûˣ޻֮
е˲ĪЦǹٴγ£ĪЦĿ϶ʼѣѪͣʶ£ǳܲסȻǵССѾҪ顣
һϣزӮ䣬ܶ
˫ĿͻȻӿһ˿ĿĪЦϣƾ˵ʦߣ
ССͯʱĲԼȻʦİΣĪЦһ޷˼̫࣬ʶ֣ץסصС򣬽
Сүܰ󾪣Ҳ˲ʦУȫгϣӭϵ۾ľ޽
ֻһ˲䣬ܰĳʹѣǽ˵ɶȥѪڿлԲȣսֱȻѣ¶ɼǵʮ˺ۡ
۾һ˼֣ûֹЪɳĪЦʦͽ
ĪЦһ˿Ǿ޽ͫзŴԽԽһӰͻȻǰֱֻһͬסǾ޽ǰˡ
ͻȻΪˣĪЦϤ֫há˿̣֫hϵϢȫͬһʮ־ˣȻѷɫԼ󱳴ӹﳤֱ˿Ϸ죬һ޶
ʦ㡭ĪЦĪԺ˼ӿʼ޷ף֫hΪλӡ
Ȼ˿̵֫hƾˣĪЦĿϴСС˺ѪڵϢǿʵǿиɡ
ͻȻ뵽֫hҲħԼûħصӰѾ޷ƣѹΪ֫hħʿ϶ӰûЩһͬѾƴȫ˿Ϊ˾֪ΪΪ֮Ų˶á
֫hõļ벢ûþ޽ֹͣ֫háĪЦأһ޽Ŵ䣬ײܰϡưܷݰ㴹ֱأҵ̳֮ϣ̳ҳһ޿ӣ۾Ľߵͷ齣󳷣Ųģ̧ͷʱ¶һƤǵ
֫hȫԡѪ첲ϣ˫ҲѪģؿڸǱ󽣶˿ĪЦ±ӻ״̬΢һ㣬ɿѪήҡȫιȥʡ¡ܰҵ£ܵ˱ĪЦصö࣬Ҷгɶѵҩ״̬õġ
ĪЦվҡһֵڵأԺ䣬·ץʲô㿴ϳʹĻƺһʣƤϣȴ൱׷ӯɢϢӵľ޽ϵһС
ǣ޵У
һϣ궯ƽϢ͸һЩڻ֮ϡһӿ֣µ̨У̨ʼתĪЦ㵵ķ֣⻤Ȼȡ޸ơ
ްսݣ˵شȴǸָ౦ħϧͬ壬µһ⡣
УĪЦٴֱվ޽ӡ
ӿϵĻ󣬿ϸֿƿֲЦݣұսʤǸħ壬Ҳõ˴Сң
ҵ۾ʮգʮΪħبδеţֻΪûħ壬ֻΪ޷ʥбأԾұҪЩҵνܡƾʲôң
ңұ㶴죬ңұ̤أħңұɱ֤֮Ҫħ֤Ψҵ۾󣬲֮
۾󱬺һħٴιĵ˫ޱߵУŭ˷ȻǸݹǰ壬۾ɢԾġ
˺ǣΪ˽ܣΪۡûʵ츳ֻǸͨߡĪЦĿɨһϢ֫hãŻԲѵأһֱѪΪ˵ܰ
֣ߣɻһЩˣٳнӵ۾һС
ԺЩ˵ĽĿů⸡֣ĪЦ¿ħĵ۾ӿǧս⣬һһݣʮ꣬꣬ΪڡҲ㣬ҽгɾͣǴж콾ȣ΢ƽ֮ҲӵĶҴǰΪԼһˣӰΪ컯ΨеĽ˷ܲΪҵ˲Ϊɱ˽ҪϵҵİΣشҹҼѲǹһˣҲԸһΪǲһ·ҵĵ׳ҵҲ߹󣬵Σұʿξ쳾ȥĲҳֵɣ
̧ܰͷĪЦ˫΢죬֫hۣˮոطתͷǸǰӰ
˶֪Ǹ۾ˣ޷սʤֻΪݣעҪУݲûжܣڲΪǲ
ϵȻ壬ӿһ˫֮УƺҲ˵ľƴĻһס
ĪЦһĴѳһɢǳ¹ľѩʥʹ컪񽣡ѽԭʥƷɵػգǵû٣˾˽׳ɵƷơ
ĪЦûмѽԼԦʥƷ֪ΪΣ񽣲ûжһ˿һų⡣ת޼⣬϶ԽԽߣֱһȻںϡ
ýĪЦаһ˳۾ңң
ħиնĵ۾󣬿ǰƵۻоҫ
һ꣬ɱ׺ɱ˳ǧˣ֮У޷ִ㣬ܲԸħ
ĪЦû뵽£۾ﾹȻ˼ͣҡͷһħ
ϧϧ۾ЦΪźħޣˣħƫҪȥѧʲôȺαӲȡ֮ͽϹħٵأΨħΨ֮ϵ龳ħڷȴдšԸ⣬ҿħҼɷС
ĪЦ¶ģ۾һȴϴ˰֮ĴʢȻҪħЦãٴξܾǰħֻ뱣֮ˡ


148 
۾ȫǹŹ֮ɫ, ɱ˳ִ֮֮ͽ˽, ΨͼȻΪ˱ҵǶ߿˼֡˽˵ħѪа, ͨٳħ, һѪ֮㻹˵ħ, ҿħޣҪ, ҲҪϽħ
˵գǴ󽣲ڵϣһħ۳ǧ˿ߣĪЦȥ
˿߼Ϊ, ޿ײ, ܶ㿪г, Ƥϴ塣ĪЦ޼⽣, Ͼ˼Щ˿ߡŻʹճ߶޼⡣
컪ɢϽâ, ȻηҪնơԡں嫽УĪЦ̨ͻȻǳ
ǹҫ, Ψ, ͸һ۵Ĺ䡣Уůů޼ʱ̨µй֮
һ, , ޼
޼ʲô޾, ֹ
ν⣬֮ο಻ޱǳ㲩أ
ǰĪЦ޷ͨԼԲܽ޼Բʼղʲô񣬿ǳůů˫·̺޾ǹƯ
ǳ˵۾Ĵһģ۾ܿó
ǰĪЦֻܴůůпһΣʥƷ֮·һʶǸദȴŮ
ôŮȴ̺ǧǳĽ⡣һĹĽһˣƽȻޱߵػ
ĪЦһЦ૵ӦǸĹ
Ư۾ƯĽ⣬ҲӦúƯ
սڼĪЦȴֳůůӰһӦն
ǳڻӦƵǹ̨ϣִһ˿⡣
̨𶯣ѽݽߵĵ̨ͻȻһͬڰеȼһ˿΢𣬸ůİ
һĪЦһγůů࣬ӿֵůж
޼⣬֮ʣͻ޷˵ıݣȻɣ
ħ⣬ѩʥʹУǸڴϵħ֡һգ·ҲץǰѴɳ컪񽣡
飬ѸͨʾǷҪǸһͬѪս
ѩʥʹԵħ߷бѾ޷Ρһʲôĸоأ޷ݣֻĳһȫȻѣƭϷŪ˷ŭȴûָо
Ī˿̵ǡ
Ҳ޷ƭԼҲ޷Ϊϱ֯ɣǸ͵¿ħǸӻɡ
ɣеĶףһֱػ꣬ʱβı룬ЩǼٵ
ˣֵٰһ
ͷͻȻӿһ˿Ϥů⣬ǣϵ꣬޷֮ڿڵĿɬҲж޵룬ɬů񽣸ݵĸоһ統ʱϸӡ
Զʱյˣһѽ齻ǧ˶Է⡣
ħڣ컪񽣴һǽƺոûʲô𣬵ĪЦȴܴиܵһǿҵıί
һѽҲ𣿡
ɻ󲻽⣬ǣһֱʥƷΪϣԴǱίĸоɬһԷá
۾ǰĪЦȫ˺ۣڶⶼ͸һĺ֮⡣һն;ƿݣ޷ս
֮ʣճȻгǸݸһҵŮӣŴߵͷ޷ûбˣҲû̫ź
޸ĸû׽ˣ̤ʬɽѪΪһů͸Ը˵ȮĲǱѡ
磬Ʒ裬ܹ;飬ΪǰȴҲһЩΪˡΪݵݣҲΪֻƷζ¶ЩůչǸԼ
õȻʧȥҲûʲôġ
ֻǿϧһůůķһһƣ뿴ʱ˫Ľģ뿴Բѣ⧲ʱľ̬
ůֿɰĹվҪڼ
ܲһźأ
ѩʥʹͷһ컪񽣵ıźԺһ˲䣬뵽˺ܶ࣬ƺʲôû롣
ֻ񽣵֣ʶ;ĵ뷢˿˫̺ǧ˫ϡ
УŮһŮӡĿھһɿֲѹ٣ҹͷӿֳǳ׳Ӱÿһǳһ˿⣬ޱ޼ʣ޾Ľ۵յУƺһͨ쳹ص񽣣սȻ޾壬ɽ
ֽŮӣٲ֮ǰˮУâԡ
Ф翴Ƿ绪ļˣǲֱӵĽ⣬¶̾
޼⣬ΪѩʥʹŮӣĽ⣬Ĺǿ𵤣ʢ
Ŀ⡣ڳУʸһںϣ֮⣬ÿŵӵı޿ΡȻҲû취ڽâ
λĴ֣һˣòͻʵ紫̡ʮӵʵʵ
ϧˣȴ̫ɽУûһ̰ͼɫ֮Сʱ裬֪߹Ҽ
ϧĿУ˼ְ֮ġ
ǧδʦҩ΢΢üѩʥʹǸԸԵ飬ΪδʱҪħŵǰʩչ޼⣬⾿Ǻ⣿
ʱħУֻӵеĹ֣ͻȻѩʥʹ޼һеϢһӰڹи֣ģȻѩʥʹ컪񽣡
ʥʹɴ۾ѩʥʹʮϤ֣ͬʿҲͬʱ֡
ħģһٮٮߣдߡȵʿ̫˽⣬֣磬ѩʥʹλ鰮Ѿ˲෹̸ʣ㡣˾˸档
ѵԾȻģѩʥʹ컪񽣷ǵУ޼ⶼɣ
ʼٸʥʹĿɿڴ˶ɵˡ˵Ĺעͬ
ݴѩʥʹ飬һӵ컪񽣵ˣɡħʱֻǸڵʿΪҲпԭˣȻܶУʹѩʥʹ޼⣡
ôˣڱԣȻпģ
ݽħߣжʾõĳɷ֣ҲŮİ֮⡣ѻ٣ܿãܣֻݽΪ¡ʥʹΪϲŮ£Ϊĸ׵ģòΪı
ħȻգûô໥֣ѹôʿά̫©
ݳԺ󣬱ȻϳҲԽ͸ɽһ飬ȫ
ôᷢչ
ʥʹһ죬ʵ޷һͻࡣ
ǳӰɢѩʥʹȻ˫ۣ񽣵ֱֱ죬ƿըӿޱߵĽ׼죬Ҫͱ
ħ⣬ĪЦѩʥʹͬʱ˽һУֱȳƣ


149 
ħ, ޵
Ƶ纣ħ˿γһֻ޴ħצ˿䶯ħצƱѪ, ݡһֻصƴ޵ħ, ǵسĪЦϯ
ŨܵħʹƤԽǽӽ, Խܸоħצ̺ĿֲܡĪЦ, Ҳδưз, һħΪãһλµĵֻһӣΪ֮Ч
ĪЦ컪, к޾⡣ѽ֮, 뱣, Ȼһ֮, Ҳն
ǹ⻪ҫʥֱӵ, ͻȻһɾ˵ӿĪЦȫǿƥȴůʡ֮, ·һλŮ, һͬ񽣣ս
ԭɬĽ⣬ע, ͨ˳, ĪЦӿǧ, 뽣ϣֱȥ
ƣ
ɵ޼ֳԲ֮ĵķӳĪЦʵٱһҲһݵŮһͬ꣬ͬ⣬һڡ
ͬ߷棬ָЦ죡
ޱħУһȻ͸ħһƿֱ
ħ𵴣޵ҲܲסĶԾռ䶼˺ѿһѺۣҪ̮
էԣħɢǽͨ⣬Ϊ˼Ψһ
۾ϰ飬˼ĵͷǰѴ͸ǻ񽣡ŻһѪۿɼٴο£ͬʬ
ȻˣûȫʢԿȻԷֻǿ֮˱ǰˣħûνɵƣҲм˵ʲôڶۡ
۾һӢţȻܸһڵСʿ
ֲ쳤Х̫಻ʣ̫źڴ˿̣ƺ޷֮ڿڡ
һľޣȻսҲǼΪô˼䣬һʿУ

ѾＫޣʱ飬۾ǸһϢϾꡣ
Ұˡ
þһ˿ǰѴӶĴо޽꣬һΣȻء
ĪЦ޽Ժܰ֫húʲôȴκ˫һղʡ¡
ħ⣬ѩʥʹնгⱯãȻ̧ͷ죬˿˿ƵϸĴϣ΢ŵ̴Уһɬζ֪껹ᡣ
һ֮ƣꡣ
ԡϸеľŮӣʣ¶顣
ԣ˿Ӱֿ˿ħõеħ֣˼ԡ
Ӣܣ˲ſѩʥʹŮۡ棬иˣѩʥʹԸɼС
ֻ⴫˵е꣬Ǻˣֵʿûһħߴͳ֪ǺݡֻоĺȻжϳ˳Ȼš
չֳʵѾԶѰڵʿոһȻѩʥʹæɾķѰʿʹ˶ǳ˾Ϻ꣬۽ͬ죬Ȼܹóһܣ˴о޽ģǵ۾
۾εǿ󣬱޼Ҫѷɫ֣ͨ쳹أյӢܡȴܽܣֻǸڵʿպɳҪʤĹ콾
һУΨз޼٣ΪѴﵽڣǺȻУʲôдʵ
ǧδʦǺЦȻŹȻԻ˷޼⣬콾֮ΪܶУ˺ջҲ԰
ɽЦΪǿԼ֪Լ¡˷޼ЩȻŵȻ㣬ȴû⴫˵һ˺ʵֻǴ̫ɽнħߣǸƴƻʥʹĻ첻ɢޡ
ǰ߻ãеڴǺߡ
뵽ǻ첻ɢ޵Ĺӣٿѩʥʹ֮ˣզ࣬ʹļס
Ф簵ɽ֮УڿʲôӲţ
ɽ̴Ȼһ˲ţѾȻĵӣҲЩɲ˶ġ
˵˴ɽǰһˣͷȻһ
ѵ
Ϊȷʵֿܣôħߣʲôֶλ¸̫ɽУҲڹ
ɽ粻ʵ޷šܵõħʸ˵̫ͨɽΪݻܱܿȻ׷ݽؾֶͨΣ
ˣǴӣٲ
֪˶ã۾۾յ޵ֻ̣ޱ߼еȴ
ǰֳغͼЩ緢ţģ塣
壬̫ˡ
۾Ц֪ԼڻعⷵգߵͷͻȻ䣬쳣ӯ·һ綼ܰߡ
һƾޱȵħӼ̳ӿ֣γһ޴ĺɫϼ룬ΰСĻħ޲ݽߵƺܲס˾ҰԵħȻѣȻû
ʧȥ۾󷴶ѣܸо·賤Щǻ޵ľħƺ
۾ĻһգһԶ֮ʿʬǰƮƮĽʿ̨ԭʿͻȻۣȫɫƤýЩ˺ۣҲڻϣ·Ļһ㡣
ɫϼĹħȻɢ۾վڵϣתתӣһЦƽʿӣʼŤ䶯Ƭ̺󣬱˵۾ԭģ
ԭ⡣
ĪЦȴûϤˡŻԴڿݽߵǿҵУٻһΡ
ܰأ
ĪЦӲĵϣΧƲİ裬
Ӧ޵ܰǲң϶Ǳ͵˱ĵطʧɢ
Щ裬תΨһܶ飬ƶϳһӦ˴֩ͻҳ
һڿҿԡĪЦȳѪ˫۶ỨǺĲᡣ
۾һžºÿͫзŴ󣬼Ǽ⣬ŵĪЦļһ
Զǰ
һŮݲѷ֫hãȴһ˵̬ŷۺ쳤˫˫űִж䶣졣
ŮӶĪЦɣҾһΪرҪǰѴҵɡ


150 
Ů, ЦʮģǳůһĪЦȴȻܸоŮźС˶Ƥ, ˼øɬɳƵǰ, ܶô
Ůɫ΢΢һ, ҷôΪ, ҲȻ, ôܶǲڿң
ĪЦεǰȻܾңβһҵ壬Ƿ˵ѡ
ŮСַ, һĪЦ澭, һת, Ůɫô͡
Ĳܶ, Ҳǰ׷ƯĴ۾˲ŮŭĪЦ, Ȼܰұ㣡
һԲϾҪ˵Ůĸ, һҧĪЦСָϡ
ù, ֻСָϣвµ˿ǺþֶҲ֮ܽնϡŮһҧȥ, ʱһ, ббڴ, ĪЦɫе㻬ȡ
ĪЦоŮƺеȱʧˣһǰҵⲻóԣӲΪһָƣܶˣԻӽһԸһʳʲôˣͳʲôˡ
ŮоʳɴĿˮȻǶġƬ̺ҡҡͷкܶˣǶǿǡҺöǵó㡣
ˣĪ
ĪЦǰ͸ΪŮѭѭյǲ֮󣬰ҴߣҲҵʳԣٰҳԵ
ŮͷһչһЦĵĵͷ˫ָ߾٣һģһ˿˿ëʼ޸ĪЦ˵塣ħλ˴ɵʱŨ˿˿ƣޣȴʵʵ
ĪЦľ޸ݽߵ̨Ҳʼһ˿̫ܵˣʱ޷Ů˰ʱƴСۿɼĲ԰һ͸Ĵ
ͻȻ忪ʼ䣬ֻë֫壬ŷǴ̡ŮȻδȻſĵЦݣϿֲ֩γǿҶԱȡ
ʱһţĪЦһŮһֻ˸ߵĴ֩룬λϣȻŮЦ
ĪЦͷƤ飬Ŭ޸ָ̨һսǰս۾ĳУһֻǰѴо޽
ѵľոսϣĹδ޸壬һѽ̧
ΪΪ⣬ֻҪŮһ˼ͻᱻԵ
ȫ亹ʪĪЦӰ֮ϵľ޴֩룬ˮ˳Ů䣬ϣĲ
Ůе̰ԽԽʢƺѾѹƲסԣҪĳ
ҶˡŮĪЦͷһͼǿһŴ
սʤ۾ͨ쳹صΪҪôﱻԵĪЦӿǿҲʣԽת˼취
֩뾫
ĪЦ˫Ѫ˿ܲɲǼ뵽˺ܶࡣ
֩뾫Ϊʲôᱻ˻˭
Ժһ˿УĪЦȻ̧ͷԺһߴһȾͨƽ֮ɫڲƲУһֲгׯ¡
ŮǷôѹΨз𷨣
ĪЦ뵽ܰ޵˵ǷĿоġǱ½ƼСεĹľǰ֮ǿһ
½Ƽǰ벽ɵǿߣĵԼŮֳַӵľġǾֻǷµطֻ½ƼҲûܲ͸Բû̫ࡣ
ǲʲôط˿ĪЦͶҽȫйصΨƪľ
߳ӵľģݲ֪˶ٱ飬д˶ٱ飬䣬ĪЦԵ˿ȫ˼֩뾫ҪҧԼĲӣƴоġ
ΰׯϵķͻȻŽ⣬ԭķ΢΢仯һɱ֮С֩뾫ϵͻȻıֱһӽӴߣݺ˦ڵϡ
֩뾫ʹľгɫΪ԰ף¶ֲı顣
ЧĪЦд󶨣СִǱĴ߶֩뾫˦˦ȥ
ڳ׷ɣĪЦӣƽоġ
֩뾫ͱĪЦڲƭʧ˴˿̱ҵͣסѪήҡ
˱ˣҲ㣬Ҳˣ
֩뾫ģĪЦиһʱŰݡ֩뾫ǽǣһϢҲ޷в
ĪЦŴ򿪴ЩŷΪ䱦ƷƷҩǶһУȵҩ֫ٺ޷֩뾫޸壬ϰٵҩļӳ£
ݽߵĵ̨ĥ̰㻺תĪЦתȻ翵ˣϷˮҷ
ܿĵطŨ̶ȻҪ޵֮ϡĪЦ̰ȡȻٶԽԽ죬ֱһ˼ĳ̶ȡո޸õľƺ޷ٶȣٴļҲǾΥ߻ħоҪ壬۶ڱǶӿѪĪЦȫȻû⡣
̫أܰδû̫ʱϢΨнϰٵҩ֮ǿͻƣһ
֪˶ãǹȵҩ𽥼ֱʧĵ̨ٴλָĪЦ̨Ȼը죬ռȻ̲߻ڡ
ڼµĴ߶£ΪǰһѸֱﵽޣƱݣ
ۣ
һѪĪЦ۾
֮Ȼɣ
һεĽȫû̩Ȼ֮СȻת䣬˼ɬ
̫أǿͻƣû߻ħҡܹͻƳɹȫǿҩȣҪһʱ̱Ԫܷӳ֮ȫʵ
֮ʿٶж֮䣬ʱ١ĪЦڵֻܷӳ¾һ
Σͻ֮״ָȫʢ֮ʱ߳ɣѾһս֮ٳһŵҩһ£ȴִгĵƷҩû˴
ĪЦЦһвɺûѹեܰգ൤ҩ
תͷǽѾָŮģ֩뾫˿Ů˲ڵأŰۣͷһװģ
ĪЦĿ⿴ŮʱԵĲһ£Ȼƣк˵һ䣺Ѿˡ
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151 
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ĪЦЩ, ˼
֩뾫ԣ˷һ, רŹѺɡЩҲ壬ɹһЩʷе嶼ڡ֩뾫, Ϊ, űѹڴ˵ء
˵, ɱ鲼Ӧ֮
ĪЦ鿴, , ޷ߡ
µ, ҲЩֲ˶ĵĺг֮, ͸Σθ˶ֻ֩뾫ȡɵķѹƣûйľ, ѱԵ
֩뾫ˣָٶʵھˡֻǹ˰ӣϵ˱˴롣
Щôѹ, , ˵ңЩڵʿһѵ޽֮أ
ĪЦ²⣬˵صĴ, Ӧǻɱɲܵõ, ҪѰÿεѹ֮, δڸӣ֪¿õСĪЦ粻ͻȻһóǰѹɭȻĴ󽣣֩뾫һִȥ
ԭɶѲļƽƽһȻ׶ϿĪЦȻʣ㡣
֩뾫˾Ȼʱ˾ֻ͹һóڴĿ⿴ĪЦ
ĪЦЦݿ䣬º͵벻ȥˣ
֩뾫ƴͷˮһء
ĪЦֵҷȥҪ㸶һССĴۣҪһξѪֻҪԹ˳ңպԶˣҾ͸ˡ
ֻҪһξѪܳȥˣ֩뾫˿û֮ǰ˱֮£ҲûʹӦһָԼĿڴһ̺ľѪ˿ڴƯڰС
ĪЦСѪģӴóͼ򿪵հ״ǿžѪעС
ͼʹ÷߹ʱֻΪֻٻ໳һޡΪԳԽͼУΪá
һǿŵڿհ״ľѪʼȾһ֧֮ʣġһϸӣ֩뾫ͼһ˿΢Ĺ
֩뾫Ķǳˣ˿ûеֿ˼ĪЦĽչ˳ˣ߶ʥƷΪ޼⻹ҪֲеĵҩԹ⣬ǿɡ
һֵ֩뾫ͼĿհ״ѪɫĹ⻪ĪЦһӽ˲ʣ֩뾫ϲ֮ʱ̴һգ
֩뾫Ʈһ˲ϲı黹δɢȥͻΪͼ
ĳɹˣ
ĪЦϲõ˵ش˼ֵ
˴ΣͼΣ֮߱ͬ֩뾫ˣ֮˵ÿԱͼɡĪЦҲֻһԣϾշһ£췽̸
Ҳ֪ǲǴ˵ع£֩뾫ϣĪЦȻһαɹȲ֩뾫ͼµ֡
ɶһ塣˽ޣ߰ʮ꣬ʮꡣϹŻһŹ£ǿָǿϲʳ⡢⣬ԱŰײУŮղ׽Ϊ
һ壬츳׿ԽԴԪԪϨ̰óԣ˼ԾѸ١ɶѪӣľԪɣȱ𣬺ŭǬ죬Ϊ䣬ΪƷɡ

򵥿֩뾫ĪЦΪ𺳡ͼԭʮֻޣҲ߽סɶǰ˽ޣĵõˡ
˵ͼƷ൱֮ߣֻΪŵʥƷڿµ䣬ⱦյܡ
֪ǲĪЦĴ⾭˵ػԾûлͼ˿õУո˼֣ƺøЩƷס
໳ӵڲǧ꣬ɶʮأ³Ե鲻޿ˡ޵Ʒ׺Ϊͼе߽Ϊδգɶǰ˽ޣѾ壬ƴ˷οԺ츳ΪȷС
ĪЦ˼ʼչſˮĿ͵ŮͼͼĺŨء
˿̲̽ʱջͼ˹ϢһŲ߳
ɵڣֽۣҲ񷲼é߷ԶһյĹµ翣ΪӴ
ĪЦרЩ롣ľܱ֮ѹƵɣ㱻ĥáٽɱʬɶʳܱľ߶𷨿ɣ˳֮زز
ɶӡ֮У޷ֻ߳Сʿް취
պĪЦѾ˼ŽӲӵҳЩҳǻɱɺãһҲʶͼУҲֻޡ
ĪЦշޣȡҳ֮ʱĳé֮⣬ԡѪʿϥ˹Ϣ
ãһλʿ۾˲ǵѪ̾Ȼǿڣÿһ˶޷Сλ취ˣ
Ӧһλҩŵҡͷ̾ϢѾڴͣ£˴˱Ĺɡзʿѹаɰ࣬һΪ̫ǿᣬɱѷҵȿԡ
ܻʱʿһʵ棿˶ĸУҲǱһʦʦĴڡһͷɥûյķâ
λй˵ԭΪвƾȥǡãҲο˷ţһͷСкЦ
Свʮӣݰףò൱Ӣ֮ǰʦǧδʦСС
Сµ̬µСһţȻˣʦΪβƾȥҪɺţ
ʦֺɫһ˷緶˲ƹһʦﭹԹϣû˵Ϊ㲻Ծֻеأһǵڰأγڹﲻ
ԾǷطΪ츳޵صŵǷëǣڰظǼΪСڽѵʦܣȴҫ
Сʦɫٴһţʦֽѵǡ¾㼶ƽ룬޵˵ڰأڵĹҲһԳġ
¾УѶȻҪڴԾ߲žأ޵ڰصģǳϼﶼʦܺҫǵʿǳ鴤ѡ
ӣģԴˣһߵһ͵ʱ޿̲͸¶Կҫ˷𷨸ǿʵã̲סˡ
һĬȻŵӣ࿴һۣ¶ЦݡĪЦйʵһɺͳ
Ϊħչֱڣ츳ȻؾȻһȴƽƽʿ仹ߵġΪ֫hùа޶ԿЩȻΪƽϢ׺Ӵһ£ҲһɼһƸħߡ
Щ֮ȣһ֪ＸȲðڡ
˵ˣ䱻ѹʵڣܱڵɱ⼸ɢ£עջ
һ⣬ʱŴ˵Ũͻƾ磬һɴﵽ𵤣ƾȥ
ٴγĬؾƽܸ֮޽⡣ҹ۴˵ظѹ֮أħŵĵ棬˴éªȴ˹ªңΩ֮ܰ⡣ҽղطżãܲط߶˵صϣЭҵȻɱɡ
˽ǰһиǶ࿴˳ۣת
վеé֮⡣Ҳ䣬ֻǿһƪġĲȻʾ仪һƮȻ֮С֮é֮ڣ۵ľʼŹâǹ¶ʹ֮ɫԴУҪéɱˣȴΪ裬޷
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Щ츳׿ʿСͱѡţԶԷ֪֮֮١ղŻĹȴԣֻİֻǷ׵һӰˣٳҲһˣᱻǷ
һɽ˵̬Уֻ̾Ǵΰ׺ӴһУݰ赲ǸޣѾϧ֮ˣ֣֮ʬ޴档ΨһԸȳ֫há
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ʱѾôã֫hò֪ȥδѰˣҲ£˲١
̫ԭҲ֮ˣΪ˴֫hãϧǿгأ߻ħڻԡ
׺ӴһУ֮˵Цļˣֻʣͳ˻㽡ȫòꡣ
һɳ˼֮ʣѾֹͣУɫ԰ףήٲ
ĿⶼͶ̾ϢǺ£طҲǺطҲǺõӣֻϧط̫ͣ޷񳹵ѹƹɡڴ˵ҺȻŷ޼ʦ֣˿ǹһΡ
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ǶЩйֵλطšʦӢţʮؾһΪɲ⣬ʱǱʦֲսɱˡȻ޷ôУ˶պУҲ档
˵䣬𶯡۾һЦܣĪǷʦˣ
δ䣬Զ̳޺Ϯ֮
Ѱȥֻ̳֮Уһ£ߵʿֶƮ䣬мдȻ֮С
Ľ£ȻһֻӴ֩롣Ǵ֩棬ֻθޡÿһֻޣɢ׺ֻΪͨɣ


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ʦǸģ, ʦ֣ûп, ʿȷֻΪ, ȺҲȷʵɡһ, ȺɱҪǲȳࡣ
ʦֺһ£һ㱧ͷܣʦܽ, ɫȻ, ٶȾ˿
ת˲ûӰ, ʣҲзӦ, Ǳܡ
ЦһѹĹǼ򲻹, ˵һȺɣ
λҩŵӣϽܱ֮ͻ, Ȼ֮ǰ, ˿̴ޱȣǱȺȣͻƼ, ٶȱϰʱҪ, ֿȡ, ʹݱ֮ͳħߡ
ŵӱûı£У˿ûʱͻΪ뿪С
ͳţеһǰ˿λ֮ʣһ˿⡣ǰ֮·Ҫ׷ѰĴһǰˣ
Уǵֻӯ˶˼֣תΪ˳Ȼ±죬ź⡣
һ񣬾Ȼͻˣ
ǵЦϲ̳û֮ǰʧڰ֮С
ۿЩͬһӰһп಻ԡ
Ǽûе·ʵûΣͻƵı£ۿȺ׷ᣬֳ֮ɫ
ʦ֣ǰһۣģĴ󡣴˵عģԽĵطѹԽǿѱ޿ɱܣУһ
һûгӣ˿̻ңҲıӦһͬ˵֮С
˵·СУЩ׷ϴʱӳ죬ɱϮ֮·
͵˫ȣʦֺе벻˿ʹңʲôͷһϢڵʿѵʲôѹΪŪҵȣ
ʦܺ룬ҿλʿߺͻϢħһУӦĴ֮ˣʿһ֮ˡ
ʦֺϸ룬ȷʵô£ʱˣ겻ţڻûõһУǸڵʿõУʹɣεķͷֱˣźʱҷ𷨺ʱ´̣
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ҲûҺȥĻ˳ޱȣⶼΪ÷ø˽ǷʵŲŲÿͽղ
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ʦܣΪһ˶ûˣ
ʦֺɢȻ˴̼
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ʱһŴЦǰһСéݷд
ˣҷ޼̶ձƽ˴˵˵شУҺȻţ
˶һéд粽߳һλΪӢ꣬üĿٶݸʧŷȣ˫Ŀ̺ǳһã˵η֮ˡ
֮ǰվɽԵĺȻŵӷ޼
޼⣬츳ϵȡΪħߣͻƽ𵤣һΪƺĹ֮УҲ콾ܹ˵Ĺһδ棬޼ʵӹɣ˴κȻʮӣҲԴհŶӡ
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˶һۣ޼ĿУ˼ͬ顣
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˵գ˫ŵѥӡ˫ѥϣҫƷ˼С
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תת飬ɫʵҶȷʵѾħߴС˵գûżͻΪ뿪ؾѵķɣ۷Ը£ΪѶôоһ
˵գʦʹʹɫ
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޼󾪣һɢܱȵùħŵʿ˶һʼ㴫͵ʱҵƽ֮ռȻںηȥһᣡ
ͳһָһ
ѴȥСġʿһ£ߣֻΪĪ֮ܣóû֮Իûɣ֮ﶼܷ죬˷ʤ
޼ЦڣͣҲҷ޼һ֮Уȥ´ҳԵټ
ºݻ޼̤ȥ̬ƮȻţ硣Сο֣ЦΪλ׳ʿա
֮Уһǽǣ亹ֱǰ˫̰ǡɾ£ӴӰҪСʿѹѪ֮˱ǶֻоǶûһ룬Ǿ޴ѹԴݿǡ
ո˱Ⱥ׷Ͷ·۶֡һ̤룬˵طӡħҪ˺顣ҶȺɼʱϵ˵һӵϣħв˵Ľʳͷá
һλˣ˲Ϣ֮ʳֻ˶ԣ֮󣬼Ҫأӡ
ЩԭҪԵǵɣȴλʿһºֹͣǰУǱڽСһЩֵֹ⡣ȻʲôС飬˴κȻŴǰħߵĶʲôˣǷڱչصȵȡ
˶ֻҵӣ֪ޣҲʲôܣһһ
ãλʿվڴ֩뱳ϣĬķлƽҳûκν˼һȳܲסȵұʿϧһҪɱɱҪҵȣƴܣ
ĪЦҳ΢΢סĿʩʩȻһɡ׺ӴһټˣֻȻĸо֮û¾δˣΪȲɱǣֲ뿪
˴κȻŴ֮ˣФ硢ɽϡФˣкøУɽϣȴͼıࡣȡôУѱ˲˼ʱܿ˲ʧòȫ
һսΪĪЦȻԸɱһ·ɱеʿ֪ж٣˸չˣǻ˻ɡ
ܷȥδ֪ĪЦ㣬ϡ
˼Ƭ̣ɤӵǺȻоɣձ㲻ɱǡ
˵գȥ
˵ɴ۾һɸǼеʦǷ
ĪЦͷһУƺ޴⣬̽Ѷ겻ôͬţ֪𣿡
ɫʱһɼʿоɣʱøд׺Ӵ֮˵ĪЦ֪ĺ˵˳
һΪ˰ȳ֫hãϧƴսѪɷ̫ԭΪ㹻ʵǣðͻƣ߻ħԡĪЦжݣ̾Ϣ
ǵݣ֫hҲѷ潿ʦ㡣
̫ɽԺ֫hõı仯ʵֻǲԸŰˡֱ޵УʦʩչħѾף֫hҲ޷صȻţԼѡһɡ̫ԭԼôʱŬ
֫hðǰӭӵ۾һʱЩŬƺ˴ڵ塣ֻ컯Ūˣ˷ǣѱ±Ҳ˼


153 
Ǳ, ĪЦλɼɨΣ֮ʬ޴, ƽҳѩһС
ĪЦϥɶĺϣһŪҳ, һУΪʡ
ʵ, Ҳû¿ɸɡЩɲԸ, ɽ亷, ɱ񫣬ȺжĴҡͨûӦеɱ㱻ʳɾ, ֻмҳķݡ
շɶ֮, ѰҿɱշɡѹĲ, ҶûɶƭĪЦûջ, ̲ס֡ľƴһ, ɹնɱһλ֮˵һŻƽҳɵʬ֮ã֮ϧ, ˳ˮ, 󷽷ɶųֳŵԵɡ
֮, ȻóԵĶ, ɶﻹĪЦȤ, ˸߲Ұɸˡλѹ˲֪꣬˲֪̰֩뾫ܳԱ㡣һˣĪЦΪмֻϵҲû˭Լôá
ĪЦ׽֮⣬ƻЭԼһһĬɹɱλɡɶɣΪǣƷɽƷɡֱһѺɵסɶоɣΪɣɴΪæԵʡ
ɶĵĽĪЦΰƽӡδԱľλͷȣϧ׾Ѫź׷ĪЦ
ĪЦȻȴ֮ͼ
еɣǷˣѹ̫ãеİ챻ĥ⣬ûʲôڲٿԡֻҪ㹻ﻹϸΪʲôˣټϱɶɹƻ󣬷׷ͶĪЦ
¼ɣλСʿȻ԰ɰԦˣ֪ʲôֶΣɵ׷ö̶̼֮ʱ䣬ĪЦۼɵӴӪʼɨ
ж󵨣жջЩÿĪЦԶԸɶȱĹֻΪһֻҪһ˿ģ촦
ͼеҳϣԡԵɣ⼸Ϊ걻ѹή̬֮һŵ棬ͣҪĪЦָѰʳ
ٴοһмʮҳĪЦĴ˸ǷЩҳϵ֣һʶҿˣͷۻ벻ҳջشĪЦʼС
ڣԣ̶ȣȺȻҪŨ̫࣬һֱɶϣÿλɾѬգٶһǧǵͻȫ֪ʹﵽ˳Ͼгɹ
һ붨ĪЦ״̬粻Ųʡ
һ缲۶һüĿĿƾն·һ̳Ŀ¶֮ɫ
޽λɢ޿ԻûԻģⳡʵλһ㣡
ǱŻ쵰ƻķ޼һ·׷ϣڼȺоеʿϵߺͻ󣬷޼̶϶˱޽еɢޡ
ǰֲȺ޼ȻԸҲӣ뵽λŸͽĻûвսӡ
ҷ޼콾עҪ̤գɾˡų϶ұԺôԿ־ã㲻ǰ
޼ΪԼսͦһ¡
Ȼŷ޼ǰ̵
ڴ֩뱳ϵʿһ޾֮⡣޼Ϊ壬λʿɢޣǿߣϢң޾ɫݴݣ԰
ѼȻţұʹȫ˽սʹ죡
纣ĺȻǧӰƾճڷ޼ÿһӰ̺ޱȵǿ뵳㲨ơ
һѹĹڴ󲿷ʿǿʩչ֮󣬷޼˿ûľ֮Уսȣ״̬ѣϺȻתϨʹһ޼Ъ˵ĪЦȫͬն
ǧӰڷ޼ٿ֮£۳һɳ⽣Ӱ죬ֻһ󽣱Ȼ£ֱĪЦȥ
ɶŮԴķ˿ҷɣ̧ͷãȻĿշĴ󽣣һֻ̧ӬһһӡǿᣬֻһɨҲһ紵Σ֮Ķ͵ǰͬǩһƮƮߣ޼Ҳϲ֪ȥ
ɶͷЩĿŻʧʵӰܿ죬עͱǰļ̳ûСȺϮΡ
ʱĪЦߣѾžƯŵĻƽҳɮУΪš
˿ִһŭȴǷ޼ȥΪͷɢԵǱ˫۾ȴ͸һǹâ˲ֱӡ
ˣԭһλޣ֮ûΣµ֩룬㱾ڣҸոһʱ죬ȻɱΣѽ㿴ٲʧܣ
޼һȻ˻Ϊ⸩£̧˼˫ѥɶȥһţɽƣ޼ԶͬʿΪһֵ쾡£ٶȻѰ𵤡
ɶ̧ãȻСϤӰͫзŴ۵ɻ󡣵ܿ죬ע⵽˽˫ѥ¶ϲɫ֩һӾͽ޼ƥһţǰͺ嫺һ޿ɱԡֻһ޷ݵųһţѲܡ
ֻ޴֩룬̧ȣһ󣬽ѥӺʹժ£סһ˿͵ʿ
ɶ˿лޣ¶
ԹˣѾСķûȤɣա
дȥԶĺγԺҷ޼Ѿҵ㣬һξʧ֣ţһٻģ
ʵڳ֣ĪЦۣ˿ܣЩɻոǲ˭߶߶˵ࣿ
ˣڻֽʳĪЦҲ⣬ߵҳѥӴõС
һ֮£¶ϲɫ
ҳҲۣⴢĴ൱֮ࡣǵвٷϧҩĺеĵ伮Ǳ֮ǰЩ飬ɬѶѧ˫ѥӸΪϢͬԾĳһĴ֮
ĪЦ÷ֽϴѥӣڽϡѥΪʣƳؼӲȴǳϺ󣬸һӯĸо
ѵʱɱһ콾֮Ҳ֪˭ôù
ĪЦɫŹֻ֣һһУ·Ҳ㺱Ҳ˸ѣٲɲܲ˵УһЩɽܰɱִˡ
Ҳ֪ºʦǣǷ񰲺á
ĪЦǵ֫hõˣ˿еĸϡ
һӴţ˿˿ɵУһ֮˵ʿǰӽ
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һȾĵǣǰֻܲĳªѵ
ͳһʿĵĽ̵£ʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫʱ¶ϲ֮⣬й֮䣬¶Ϣǿƺķǳ졣
Ⱥ֮УżŲͬˣҲͬϾǾ֮̾ɫ
ܰ૵Ծ츳֮˿ɱȣżҲ԰λǰȣֵһᡣ˺Ҳҽ˼ȡ
֫h̾ϢһΪħս޲ʤ벻֮Уô©λǰҲ԰Ҳ©һϯʤʮ飬˳ϲҡ
Сһ㽵ÿĬܽ˵ôȤǽһҲöضѧԺǲҲܳΪˣΪĸ˱𣿡
ʿǧƪһɣǿУȴŽȻͬķ
һ·òɿܰ֫hã˿̰ŵʿദʮֺг˿û˼ûʶ˺Ҫ£ֻǵΰӰ
ͻȻֻʿصĴ֮ڣһгĴ󺰡
ʦ˵İΪɶҪƤſԿɽʯھһͷײޣŸƨܽɶ
ѰȥֻһƤҪűĺƤ󺺣ŵڴذϣʱʱӼԴǲӡǸ߸¡ĶƤϣһԲɫëϸֱ£ܿһֻβ͵Сֻ꣬СӴСȴĳ棬һƤ֫Сǳ濴
ػεһһ̬ͳһţĿϵĿʿһ˿һ֮ⶼûС
ǺƤ˵֤꣬ƵһֻĴ档ҲԲǷĵذ壬ѳ״ƣĵĺ¡죬񷶥שߡ
һʿŭĿӣʿȴ˿ûɫº͵Ϊ󣺡еϹ۷塣ʥҪ뷨Ƥ£ܳǿǣƤȴԱ粻ǿ谭ٶȡ
ǰƤҧƣ̽ˣԵֻʣƤҡզ
Ƥ󺺸ǲ⣬ʵ
ʿԳ鴤һ£Ǵδһʱԣֻ΢Цԡ
ֻβ͵Ļκ˿Ҳɻ󲻽⣬̲סʵУþѪҪѰյأض֮伤Ѫ֮츳ԡҾѵѪǺĴѪѾûռˣ츳أ
ʿðЩ飬ЦԽӲ
ǺƤ󺺺βƺûʶʿΣʮֹü⣬һһˣ޽⡣
óڴĿʿ·֮Ϊҵʦϵ²ܴڵмӣΪԼ⣬϶ܹ
ʿ˫ϣƺ˵ЩʲôҲ֪ûô𰸣ʼûзһԡ
һһĿʵĽʿоѹܴһһɵ֮λѧ֮ɻԽ⡣
˵գԺиֳ־й·ƤβʱɢâȻѧɡ
ʿƤǵʴΪ𾪣ϻǸƵĸ˱顣ԽԽĹâͻȻڵһԸ˹ٶȸ졣
˵գֽˡ
һΣƤֿʼɻ󲻽⣺ʦûѧôѧᰡ̵зţ죬죬ΪɶûзӦǲˣ
ʿЦºͣĵ㾭鲻㣬ҿְֽ㣬һЩҪҶɽ̻ᡣ
Ƥָмʿ˵һ䣬һ䡣
Ƭ̺ʿ˫ȭգĿвơ
ҲôһܰͿʼˣУѪҺ㡭ǹҵ𣿡
Ƥ¶֮ɫʦǲզأҲãһѧɣʦٶָָ̰
ʿϢ𵴣ؿһһƬָֻ̺ͣȻٴָƤ󺺡
գ죬ΪÿζҪܣһأҾô𣿻˶ǣ˵һϰͺãҪԼ뷨ǲǴҪң𣿡
ڰֵ㻹߰ɣҽ̲㡣
Ƥ̼ˣʦȻƽƽǰʹνɰͲˣƾĴǣѧһСʦôóϷѧȥҪѧΪֹܲûʦҵ֮
ʿҪѿڶɲءֻǼеҶˣҶˣ
ʿͷһһֲĸоǺŶ⣿
βƴͷΪ̫֣°ͶŴƤͷҲǺԣֻܿë׵ĶƤڲֻצ޷ҡҷ
ҷһλʱĿΪƣʹ֮˾תѪԽԽ˥˥߶Соâ˸üεĿ⿴ʿ
϶Ӻǣǽ˿Ƕ̶ȣڽǣ壬պŲƽױƭҶĿģܽˣһٽúð⹦ѧᣬûȡɵ;ѧϼǧ꣬Ҳ
ʿΪңָǺ˵һ仰
ʱ߽ˡ
һλߵʿλɫСУһλȷǷꡣ
ĪЦ޽۾
дɫʡ
޽ƭ޼֮󣬱̽ؾ뱻żҳĵ۾ײλŸͽչֳ˴ȱΪسɷȣŵ۾׳Ƴ佲֣˫ַҳ̬ȳϿǫ
۾֪һУСоҵĪЦ޼Ĳͬλ޵ĪЦһħ𣬷ҳˣƶħߴвȤֻȡߵعһִ˼档
ĪЦȻţ۾󵱼ģİ
ħһϣΨһһûбĸյϡ
ʿˣָֻ˵ķ緶һ֣Цλҿ̳н࣬ʲôΪڴΡ
˶һۣĿ䵽ʿϡ
ĿУ̰ҲЦЦа⡣
֪ΪΣʿͻȻļȻ˼֡


154 
˵ĵ, δٹעÿʿ֮УǵҵĺƤ󺺺β궼, ƺС
˽̬Уδһ, Ⱥ֮С
翵ĴڣΨʿĽ֮, ˮչ
ö, һ˵ħ, 壬ԾС
ĪЦĿ룬ֻдǰûͨ⣬еõ𡣺Ȼӿ, һ, ʮֻ, 궯ҲĽ, ԭˮݵгദ, ȻǢ
Խ˳ǽָ֮Խǲʿ֮⡣֮󷨣֮ʼĩ, ؼ, ̺֮С
˽ܽ˳ԡѹЩɶϽ, ˵˵ɹǿ, ޷սֻҪһʼ־ᶨ, Ϊƻ󣬱ɱʼձѡܰӦǱɹƻ󣬳԰Σûע⵽ҡ
ûɱǿʵѣĪЦü˼ȴԱһЦ۾վʿֵ˽ϣұĪȻʣ֪˿ɷ󡣡
ʿЦͷ˵޷
ħȴ֪ħΪΪħǶ񣬼ǲбұħޣԶΪϳֻʱġΪƣħǷ𣬱ΪħаƶԴģǱûħΪ˵ΪΣ
ʿԸЦĿ֮⣺ϱаôպɾͲΪħǧ𣬶ӦһŶħŵʿżһҶбᣬбʥԣϣֱ˴ˡ㲻ͬͬаƶֻʵߵ͡ħУִֻΪƫִһЩ֮ħ򷨣ֻѰαȻأ
ⷬ˵ΪĵǴ޷粵ĪЦΪ֮֮̾⣬ħǿУҲǴһ΢ķ֧ȣʵڲֵһᡣ
۾ȴҡͷ˲ħ
ʿЦ΢٣üѺγԣ
۾һӢ˲ȳȻ˫Ŀ̺Ǻӣһֲɵţ˵ħ֮һǧҲִħΪҲ˵ˣħִִ𣬷ɴħħʱеִҪѰħ֮ʼĩȥѰϵħҪħ֮ħִۣƲ죡ҵĵҲɲʣħƫִγ£Ȼ㲻ͬзű֮˵Ȼħŵ֮һ΢ķ֡ʿƫ;ܿС˴ˣеʿˣ
۾ֱʵʿ޷
һʿ⣿ʿ𵴣ҲʲôȻѡ
ⷽǷСҲЦеվʿòĹ˹֣˴ĶࡣҶҲмɻ󣬻˽𡣡
һΣû˻ش𣬱Թ˵
óݵʦ츳ߵĵӣԷԶͬţĵʦʱ򶼽ˡˣʦʳǱؽʳѰвܡʦܣĸˣǆ£Ĵ󵨵ʰɣ
޽ͷһзҽƽȣΪηϵֻֽ׼л޺ְλŷسɷ֮ͽֻҪ¶лɷǲǶЩк̫ƽǧ˿һ£ɣҪ𹩷ϧŮҲҪǮƽ󸻹ǲһµĺ쳾תǷˣǲԶܳѺ쳾֮⣿
޽һʮ⣬ܼλŸͽ䶼ɷֶӷ𷨣ʿֻԴ죬ǧ۷ӵ񼤵Ӷ
ܴӰ죬ܰ˵ĿҲһ˿
ĪЦУҲŴ֡
޵ãҲֻа꣬Ⲣͨ͸ֻ֪巨֮ɼо֮񡣿ӣ۸£ʫһ֪ڼſͣҲϰһΪأιΪ壿巨ֻǸνǧ󷨲޲ͬǸͷλħŵ֮һСҲܳʥҲգ𻯷ǲ˵ħŵ֮СţҲ֮ͨţҲǴ֮;Ӧ޴С֮˵ħŵͳ˽£ǽǧװػɷЩͨСҲͨ͸ף
ħ˵ħŵӰٰɷ𷨣˵Сħŵ֮Сʿʼֻ¶׻ˣ⼸⣬֪죬ˡ
ʱƤ󺺺ҲԴʵʦδɣ˼ӣӴɻֱһëӵؾУųžˡ˶꣬ҲΪǲǸйأԵԽ࣬Խߣǻ޸ƨЩ͵ˣʲô
˵Ĺƨͨƫʵһ˱ʿҲ͸⺻޿κΣһֻбƣˣָ˵һ仰
βü˵Уʶٶȸ飬ӵǿǣΪѪѺͬ岻ƥСʥ߽ޱߴ󷨣已̥ȣ˵飬ʼ޷ԽҲŷ
ܰվҰԲɽ𵤣ƾðѧ֮䲻ͨҲһι̷ߵĳԶÿһƿǱҪߵĹ̡˵ѧϰĵƳƿ̸ֱ֮ͨǷ̸
֫hǳѧħֻţȴҲ֪ħִǣħбԴֱѿ룬ִζμᶨħģȴĵΪġִζᶨǷħۣ᱾ĩ
СԹϣҧָа˵ʦ˵ħ壬ҪɱˣҲҪɱȴ˵ǳɴ߶ܹ¶Ҫһв𡣿ʦ׵ˣҲɱˣҾ㱨˳Ҳ˼֤СӶõĵһȴҪɱˣһΪȥ˱ʲôأ
һɵĿ⣬׼ʿǵʻܱ𣬵ʿ񼤵޷ƽԡ
¡죬שʯ䣬翵һתۼưܲԭ˵ʿһںѪãɶڵأֲ
۾ЦţΪɱħۣһλʥЯȫʿΧɱħۣȫ˵ѪΪʹħŵһħ䣬λʥҲ֮ȡܷ֮졣յüʥݣħһУ
ʿһӿ֮ɫֻһ־ŵ޴ӰŵӰʿĳһ޶ϵϢȴȻͬٲȻħŵûĵϣͨܣէһ֣ǿҵѹ֮С
һ˾ܾͨħŵԹ֮սʤħۣҲΪһӢ
ĪЦип㽲۵Ե֮Ҳ㻵˹ء˶³ˡ˵ܹסŵ֮ħŵķţκ˶ɵɱϾŵ֮ܣ˵طӡ֮Ϊ֮
ǵʥЦƾǼСҲɱңΣ˴֪꣬˼ӡΪһ塣ƾŽ۹£ѿɽӡ֮Ϊãһ֮䡣ΪʤȯգݺЦ
˵գһӰԾǰɢŷϢӰ˵֮ӻӲԣΪһ޴ࡣ
޽俴࣬вͦǷǰ
ǣȻǳֺȾƣ͵ʦǮ˵ұҡײƭǻҪɶˡ
޽䣺ȡ裬Ƿ⡣ʦ֣ʶһķ𣡡
ǴЦһ˫һ̤Ծ޽˫磬һ˰ڳ޺ħ֮״һڵأ֮ϡ
䣬ǧȱӿֶϢڣһ˫һȵʥûС˼ķ࣬ӿ֡
ûĻֺ׳ǷŴ˼СУҲһ޶
ʥ۾ɴЦ淨඼ܻûײĶҲҸභ
޽䣺⣬޷ࡣеĵӽԲͬзԶ޷ɷ޷ǱǷ𣡡
ԣ޴֮ڣǧŷӡ֮ȴ˹ʥӰյķӡǣӿСе塣
ʥ󾪣бķԽԽΪһ壬γһޱȵӡ
ܣҵķ򣬲ƿСʥƳһƣҲ֮жƵɨֻöϷϷһϯƲֱӡ
޽ߺȣͬʱͳһơӵƣ֮С˲֪ٱ֮£СĹۣȻ̺ĳ֮޷ݡ
Ϊ֤𷨣ϧձһҲҪ֮ɱ
ոɷ𷨵СУ˿¶ʥƥ
޷зʷ츳ǿУѽѪҺꡣ
ķִҡȱд棬ʥѾˡĪЦ䣬ʥû࣬ѣǿСɵƣ֮ĲˣջΪǹ⣬¡
ʥѪξҲ˼֮ɫ
ܣܣ䣬ҵķ𷨣ꡭ
ʥ뷢裬Ƭ̱ͷɢٲ֮ɫҵķΣҲǻʤң
һħӰɳһħ滯Ϊʵף˻ʱŰ˫
޽ħӰͳһڵϣһӡ
λѣҶѾˣˣ޷սรɡ
Ż쵰ˣȻٳ۾һЦħ㡣
ûлûսĽȣ۾ֻһߵǷӰǰÿһϵħǿһ֣յϵķӡħϻۡ
ԭƵħӰһױ飬ħϨ𡣵ʥĿѣ޷ǰĵһĻѿڶ㾹ħ㲻ʿ㾿˭
۾һ֣߾ٹͷħγһֻħӰʮħ֣һ£
ħߣ۾󣡡
£Ȼ̮ħӰĲħһ飡
ʥ³һѪɫʮήҡ
һƷǵħӰϾħޣĵ١
ħԣֻһʿ
ʥεѣҲУӰͬʱԾǴӰ
Ӱ䲻ǧ֮ȫĵӰִʱҪɱˡ
ǵʥҲɫأЦûʿٲܽӡ֮һ֣Ǻʤ㣡
䣬ӰȻѣȴǵ۾ħӡ֮Ӱɱ
۾˲ǵѪգݵӿЦЦа⣬Ϊλɵ޴еź
˭涨ҪſɱӰ
ʥĿɿڴƿڴøµĻˣҪ㣡
ӰһԾ𣬾Ҫһȭ۾š
۾Ȼħӡ֮ɱӰҲˣ˿޷սֻúˡ
ĪЦһ㣡
۾ŤͷȥȴûпݳǰֻһƴܵӰӳ߱ӵӰ֮ڡ
ѽ˭߰ƨɣ
Ӱ֣һͷԽӰ֮С
ǱɣҲǴǶӰ
ƺԼҲû뵽·ӰãȻĿĺƤ󺺣һʱ֪Ǻá
ʥǳ鴤Ҫ߶Ӱǻ쵰ͳһĻˣӰֱ۴壬Ǳסһ޷ھ󣬸ţѲ
ʥδľ棬һʱ֪ͣǺá
Ӱʮ࣬ˣߵ۸СţĺҲȥ¼Ӵ㣬Բ㣿
˵꣬ſ죬һһڵĽӰԵۿӰԽԽСĶԽԽ󣬺̥ʥͣеĴ߶Ӱֿȴ޷ָ硣
˻ѣôҵĵҲܳԡ
ʥбߣԸʸ߾˾ŵУɱħֲһʹ۸طΪɾ֮ûе֣ȴձһȺ裬ʧΣ˶ˡ
Ƥ󺺣ôʲôܳԣܽӰǿƤ⵽ʲô
ĿɿڴУԵӰ˸ıãҡҡλŴӺҪߣȴȵڵأƤһӰ£һֻѹ顣
ʥһæӰ
˿Ҳ˲ʲôַ緶̴߶ҽӰ˹ȥ
յϵķӡӾ޴ϴݶķӡ֮ǿӰߴӰһ㣬ɢ޿ƥе
ӰԣҽӰչֺӰʼͼ֮ͷ۵Ρ
ӰƲɵֵֻľ޲ٻ˼֡޽æӵϷ㿪ӰĹ֮죬Ӧ֮ѸݣĻиոյ̬֮˷ƣݲ͵ˣ̺壬ٴ۳࣬Ӱȥ
۾Ϣɢ񲻿ɵս⣬ǿд߶б֮࣬⣬ǰﲻֱӵķâ⡣ۻħٴεħӡ֮ӰӶȥ
޵ͬʿֺ׳Ĵս˾ɵѪڡ
ܰбŷδйľâճտЩɶ˻ͼɱķʿʦ˵вҪǿֻܰΪԵһԸЩ콾ȣδϳˣΪδظգԵЩķɣо壬ҲԸգҵߵʲ죬ЩӢ߱ɱˣ
һӣһ޴¯ƾճ֣ǧϡҩһͶ뵤¯֮СսĽҪͷϥʼ
˽֫hϵѾָĲ࣬˿̼׳֮Ҳӿֺּ顣
ŮӣҲʵ֮ġж׳־ػŮΪβɣλԷ֮նɱ񣬴˵׳٣һ
˵գ𣬱ֱ׺ħӿ֣ϸһսס֫hħȼգħ֮УƺһɲĺȻУ⼸˽Ķ࣬ѿɽħ֮ۻʹ
Ůսߴ׺Ӱ޾ɫܿս֡
Լκ˿ѣ龰м֣ȵӵģ̫ѪˣҲһҲζ
˵ֱɣȴʾһ֮ӿ֣˶ƤҲΪۿɼСֻ࣬Բͬܵļһһһȭףɽ⣬˫˵ӡ֮壬ǰҽӰ˺벽оǲ˼֮ɫ
ѲƲ˿˿ҫڼսݵ콾ϡԡ£ÿ϶·ʥׯϵơ
ʿǲϧĲڣ֮ߵʲ;Ӣǣ
ĪЦԡѪսӢ̬ǧ飬²죡
ճ⣬δһкǬ¡Ԩצ黢Хȣ̡
ʫ׳ȻڷɻáĪЦһ̤оƶӰϵķӡ֮˥˼Ŀ㻳ʿ
ɽͦҽԷâն˭ܵ
ĪЦݼ쳹أʫƺһɣ˱սڣ糱ˮϯȫͷһ𣬻Ѫֱ飬ԴЦ
۾󣺡˵Ⱥ飬ʫ裬սǧ
޽䣺벻ѪڵʫģݹǧҲйնɱ˵׳٣ʦֵܺϧһϵҲԸλѪսһ
Ӻ׺ЦȻ֪ɶ˼ʶðƤˣ̫ѪˣհһսֻҪսʹ죬ɱƥ򣬸ƭšԴ
֫hĿ⣬ǳ˶˼ȫݳ֪֡¶Ů˿е£˱޿κΣǧﱼȵ꣬һԻִ
Ѳʶ֫hãħٲصȻšݣ㻹ʦ󲻺ΪҸһУ
ս֮Уսʫ֮⣬֫hõĻ·׺һ΢ĹۣȴޱȵĴĪЦС
мѪӿĪЦҲѵһأȡо޽Цߡ˫ѥ󽣣ĸħңӦȻȻħһ˿˿֮
Ųһ̤ɵ֫hߣסֵһǧΣһΣҵĻشֻһУԶǵǸһҵʦ㣬ħΣ㲻ǺȻŵΣĲģڣӢ飬кڲֺ࣬ϧһ
֫hݺᣬижб룬ӿͷ
ִ䲻ȫȻԴݣȴΨһһ޷վߵˡսԸԴΪִЯֲ
׳ţԷ˴Ц֮Ϊ׳⣬ˣ龰˭⣬˭ܲɣ
ܰΪж⡣Ҫչ˵СүˣǰģǸебĺŮӡˣķâжж޷
һӢܱܰ΢ССʿЩӢ޷ȣ֮ıᣬԸԴ˵ʲ죡
սʫӿѪתܰһָ¯һƷҩ
¯𵴣¯Ƿɣһɢ֮Ʒҩӵ¯зɳܰǣʥ
һɫ׺¡£ħ߶Գܣ
ԵܰΣ֮ʣٴͻƵƿ˴һƷ鵤
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ĪЦս֫hõ֣ȵʤڴһۣλնɱɣ֤ģ
˵գ֫hõһǰдն£սʫٴɽʣâԣƣǧţа˻ģǰ;ƺշƽɹ⣬ǧȥߺﳤЦǿ
ԡѪ̤УΨһս
׷ĪЦһͬʹǿƣ
ɲǼ䣬ѣռ𵴣ɹâƽӳյĴ˼罾
˵Ѫգģ·УҪ޾գնｭɽ
зӡ֮ʧʥһˣӰһɢɳǧٿףѪܲնħ۵ܷ֮ɿԳɵõ֮ӣ˿ٲջԻͣĺɫӡ
ңʣ
ʥһȣָ죬Ҫٶȳȴһ£һ˿Ҳɢ
ޱߵķߺ벻ʣҲ޷йʥͦΰȻΪ촷ɢŻƽҳƾΡ
ĪЦһץҳУ֮ǰʮŻƽҳںϣ۳һص顣
ħ䣡
ĪЦһΣ³Ѫ״̬һ£˺ۣǿĵ۾ήҲȻܴ
˶÷ӡ֮Ҳ̫ǿǵʥʼУûþŵħӰͬʱΧɱˣǼΪٸߣҲסһʱ̡
Ƭ̺󣬲֪˭ʼЦЦȾΧ˶Ц
սʤˣǧŲе׳٣˺ֶΣⶼǼɵ¡ЩʿͲжഺ⣬ֻп⣬Գ֡
ĪЦŸոչͬˣĿеħ䣬λкδ㣿
һ˶
ˣɹܹǶǵ콾ħȡôڱصãۼǰ˭ƽ
޽以һۣؾֻΪλӢһսˣ޺£ʹ˱շ
˵գͬʱ߶Ǿսˣϵķ񡣲ʱ죬ƣ֮к죬ƾˡСԡڽ֮У˫Ŀһ˺۾ʧ
۾źЦֵСУʧǰ̾˥ѾãŶ䡣ˣд֮࣬ԵպɾͲд˶ӣγˣ
ܰѱĵҩźת˹ֵܰ˷ԸˡսͻΪ뿪ؾ
˶٣һǬӸĪЦСүǰ·գֻܰЩҩȡôУóԸ
˵գͻơ
һѪֹĺͻȻ˾ָܰ˫۷Ź⣺ǰСϵҪŮӣûɲߣ
һܰйɣ΢Ŀһ۴ľĪЦ۵ƹ֣촽΢ҧ޲ҸطȥĬļӿͻƽȡ
֫hĿɷݺݵһĪЦΪʵ˵Ҫܰսٻغϡ
ĪЦҲ֪Ȼ˻ʹһס죬ƴʹɫ
⺻ѹûϳǰԼҡֵܡ˴
һĴսתۼ˼ϲ磬۾Ц˺üѪҲûֹЦ
ܰӰʧȻɫƵ飬ذݣһֺعεضɲǼΪ˼Ψһ


155 
ع֮, ǲƲȫʬ壬еѸܣеѳɰ׹, еȴһŵʱֻϾ, 졣ĴɢŶѵٵķ, ŨѪ֮ڿ, ãɪѪ, ֮ȥĺݺء
ǲйǶʬɽ֮УһɵΰӰ֮䣬ǰʮһֱ۾۶, ˿ڴħ⡣˫Ŀ, һָֻ, ΧɭȻħ, عȾˮī֮ɫ
һ֪˶ޡǾ˵ƣüɷŭ, ŭָΰˣǰı䡣
ؾе, ǣ, ׹ع֮ڡ
ĪЦ»壬ҲˤùͷҪɢܣ˸ǲ, Ψвû, Ϊء
С꿴˿ǰս龰, 𺳣ʧⲻǻþħ壬ħɵĵطħߴУȻħУ
ΪһĶţ۽Ȼȳ˸Ϊ񡣵۾ЦЦĿһ۲£ľֵλǿƷбβ۲¡λѷΨв½ӣ֪䣿
ͷһҪȥ۾ѾתĿ꣬һãȻĺ
ħҪͬʱ֣ܿħعѾع֮ڣ˵ϵУ˵ػһȡôУλѣҲǣ
˵ʱüЦӴóһҫ˦˦ȥ
ǰһڣ˸ޱܵĵطɱ˼ޣ˼ھ˯޶ӡû취ֻð޸ˡȻ˯ٳԣٳԣ˯Ҳ֪˶ãǵطҲûˣⱦҲ˰Ͱ꾫ţ˸ոǸط
һ˵ǳ鴤˴̲ȡһУλֳ˯žϡͿõ˴Уò˵˿졣
ĪЦͲǲֱӵĴƤ˲롣
ײĲ£Ҳ֪Ǻ˵ǣͬСŲеѪƴ⺻ɱһһھԸɾģ
ںµḶ́ĪЦȫû̽˼񶼷һΪֵϡ
µĴĪЦ֮һԲµı£úΣԼϣǶѵ¡˺Ȳսֱ֮͵ǵʥƻʧǣ¶١
һսʿ޷۾ԿµĳħĸҲһʶơѲܵǣ
۾ΰָӰо˸ָħţ԰벽֮µطħʶĿɰ࣬طȻ˴ҽٳı꣬Ϊľħ۵ʬħߵĴУľҶȤΨʬ򡣡
ĪЦһʵħ꣬ʬãҲδʲôãִҪȡʬȴΪʲô
½ɣҲûбҪ۾ȻһЦҵ۾ڶǰ̤գɾħ֮ϣȱšһɾ֮ˣǷëǵ콾츳׿־ԶҲòϣȻħɲǿУи߾츳ҪʣɳΪ֮ϣһ˿;Ŀܡҿ츳ԣһ̥ʣЩǿȣԶ޷Խĺ蹵ŬҲʼղЩ򡣡
ǿӣϥħӿ֣ʼơ
ңҷż֪ǧǰħʬԾã첻ƣѴݡҶԣõ塣ҿħϧ˴ıһУΪľǽħʬΪáֻҪ壬ұһɳ죬ܡΪħ񣡡
۾ɫеĿ֣أĿһתĪЦߵĲºءȻޣܿóŮͯΪ׽ʶ
һѪѵһħ塣ҵ۾һĺˣҲڿĳıˡļһߣһǺ¡дߣһ¹ѣ׽֮¡ʣΪ飬Ϊ¹ʡûо˵ʣǷݾģеǵˣ
۾һ˵ĪЦأƽ
ղǾ۾ӢܣҪΪûվٲά裬ϧı꣬ҲҪȡħ۵ʬֲ̰塣ˣϵ;۷壬ָǺεȷ羰
ĪЦǸƸеˣǹɵѹ£עҲΪʣ츳ҲȲ֮ӣȴһݹµ֮·˶;Ҫ֮⣬ˮڣհǰ˺󣬷ʧ˵ġ
㵹ѡ۾ЦŨĲǼħĲ츳ɽաʱҿΪͽħ֮ء
˵۾еļѾǼߵۣϣȻʮֿء
ĪЦǻţµ£ɽ̬ȣȻƺѾһ·۾벻ܲĶ˼Ƭ̺ҡҡͷ
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۾Ϊħˣ̹Ϊ˺д֮ˣǸԳؼ֮ˡҲû취ֱӴգ֡Ƽˮ꣬һս꣬ĪЦҲܽµİΣиһİˡ
ܾ۾Ҳûʧ֮ɫֻƽı۾Ϣ
عžΨмʿĵϢˡ˵̫أǵʥභĹ̨տҲڴ˴عԣʤ˵ۿɼ޸Ϊ档
±ԲĶӣϰԵĪЦУۿʼ˯֮ȻŲ֪˶ٱĳҲǴ֮ŮԣȴҲ֪Ѿ¶һս⡣ָκ˸ֻܿΪ
һƬУͻȻһЦ
ҷ޼ѡ֮ˣȻʧȥУħعڤڤе⣬ҵʢŵΣ
һüĿݰ׵粽ݼѣһ񲻿ɵǿ˲ٲӼ˵ĪЦҪһò
ֻλʷǷ꣬һװʵƥķɡͷ治˵ϵ·ã˫Źţǲũֺ춼ǴࡣϲŲļ⼷ѹۣչʾŰס
λȻҵһˣܰδ£ʮؾպյķ޼
ĪЦüͷֻ治˻ûõһУƽӹ˿ڳԣΪǵӣ˴жڵ޴ꡣ
޼ĿǱħ۵ʬип˼ֽĿһϥ˵ʿϡ
һڵļŮͯһļѵŮޣһøƵʿ۾ɢޡ
޼ɫһĿɢϣŭ籡ںȵܴΣҲЩ£²ɱ֮
ĪЦŹ֣ӡƺǵһμ޼ϵŭⲻαõѺγԣزʶǰδûҪһͺɱħߴڼӦؾϡ
û˵꣬޼ܵ裬ɫŭʢǲܲ˵һȭ
ɱ㣬ȡҲ٣
ȭ绢Ϣ磬һȭ죬ǽɢãޱȰԵĺȻ粨ŭӵ
ĪЦд󺧣û뵽˾ȵķ޼־ϬˡĹһˣԸΣʵȴƥ
˿̵״̬޷Ӳһȭ֮±޿ɱܣҪȻֿǰһӰȴ֫hõǰ
ʱ֫hõ״̬Ҳ൱Ƹոջָɣѷнӷ޼ŭһϰսѽȣӲۻԵһȭ˵ɶȥѪӿһϢɫήңȴһ˿д档
ĪЦؽҧΪŭݡͳѵҩͶС
һδ޼¶֮ɫѵֻǸŮث֣ɫףɱҿƸ̷ҡ
޼˵ưޱȣ·֫høǸôҫĪЦŭȴŻƣòʱ䡣
ҼǵѺҩŵܰµ֮Լôҩ׷𣿡
޼ȻЦܰɫƽӹŮޣҷ޼ҪŮǸϺõ¯ֻΪŴ棬ҶȻҪŮ˵ٰãҽԵΪһ֮ںȻţŴӦˮŮ˽Ϊ£ҷ޼һ֮ܣҪ˵£ȫµˣŮҲܵã
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ܰΪںȻţУϧ¼޸ô֪ˡһƷҩʿڷѿɳ֮Ϊʥܰ;츳׿ŵҩ̤֮ն£֮ţ޼˵һĲֵ
ŷ·ȼһŻյĽʧȥǡոĪЦٻָһЩͼеɱӡȫ⣬ˣҪɱĪЦܲˣһԹǬеĵҩٵҩڸйĵҩԣƤյѪ죬ͬʱȻδѸݵת뺣λڡ
ǹ޷صϳ̨ĪЦѾκΨгص쵴ѪһƬ
ת˲֮䣬ֻܿŮ˵еɢޣ˾˵ƣһҪű壬ȴ⣬ҡվ۾Լ
޼ֻһͷ޶ϣͷԾðһ亹Ȼ١
ΪС㱻֮ӣ޼ٹǿУδһΣļ¡
һڵɢޣƣǰˣֳô൤ҩزˣֻʱ⣬ҷ޼ξ֮У
޼ѹͷʣȻڶ˫ֿΪȫ۳ɽʵˡ
ʮ꿱ƵؾõϹƪԽ
޼ƵĻƽ֣ÿֶʥޱȵܣͬʥΣպȻĳĴëʣƾдһ֡
ֳ֮ʱЩƽзɳһ֣޼дµּغϡ
磡
һȣ־ޱ߿磬ĪЦϯȥ
籩֮УǧУֱӽ·ʬ˺ѣŰ֮޷ƥС
սĵ۾˫Ŀһ˿죬૵޼õؾУϹűʧʥ䡣ôʱʹ츳ȷʵɹ󡣿ϧ̫ð֮ίߣʱָΪһս֮ڡ
۾ҡͷ۽Ȼܿҩ֮ŵüҪ״̬Ϲ࿹⣬
ʵ벻ͨȡУһսͬɱ˵ݣǸ֮ˣΪλôҪɱ޼ѵֻΪһŮˣ
ܿ죬Ŀסˡ
ĪЦ죬ֳ־޽ӭնʽʵ޻޼ȣ׾ӡ㻪ʽų浽˼ĺȻҲնǳƣ
޽һȦ֮ظĴ졣ĪЦһˣ˫ڵӡۣûб¸ǵļϣ˺ۣѪģȴǰԵĵҩ֮Ѹϡ
ĪЦ˫Ȼڴ֮Уо޽ΪڹӰѸնʮ£ѪŭĽһӽǿ룡
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߷ȻܵǰСȭͷ
ǲôȥæʦѪˣ㻹Ц
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