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˭ܽΪʲôǸӣΪŵʦ棬޵ԣͬϣҲû֮ģһμɱԼ
ܽŵعڵϣǷĽԼʺ߶µģҡֻǸɷϲģôħʦҰɣ
ܽͷˡ
ƻ£һ촽俪欵Ļȣˣڱߺúù۲ǡ
ܽлʦ治ɱ֮
ףǣղ˵ʲôߣ
ɽһˣֻģǵǸɵδҲòֻġչһɷϲߣ£Ѱ˸赹ˮġ
꣬˶˵ܽɵδмƣⲻܽıǴҲ֪Ǹδ޶԰ʲôԼܽܣֱƺ졭
ʱ뿳˫ȡ
ܽգŵҹźͿϵͳˣӴܣײԵ̨ǰ
Ե̨Ϊɽ޽ԵĵطҲ߽ΪµĵطֻҪ޽ԵߵβָͻǣźɫԵߡ
ܽ㶵ؿԼβָ߽סô£
βָض˶ߵͷڿ
Ťͷȥվɫİ⵽ô£ͼ
ݱǩ ֮ Խʱ  ϵͳ 
ǣܽ         ǣ    ȵ
һ仰飺ɪ
⣺ھ澳棬ǿϢ


1 
ܽǴ˶ѹġ
ǵտ纣һ˻ĸƵ׺Ų񷣬ǷӬ鲼ʬ壬õ鱻ͺʳ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ײײ˿ӣȴŻ˰ʬӵˡЩ춼֣Ҫ֣ǼƣҪյûҶʣ֡Ȼ㲻״ǿʹ£ϵͳָʾ߽Ƭڰ֮С
һֻʮŮϣ򣬲ϵͳ֪Ƕģݵøо綼ܰԼߡʱԴһϵͳϧϵͳ֪ϵͳһ˼ҵϵͳǾӢϵͳǸͿҲкͼ
ͼֻ֪״ΣʱҲûʲô淽ֻ֪Ҫıɽһ˰ѳĽ֡
ˣͼǸ磬ɲʤö٣ֻǱȽġаһֱɽͷ磬Ź˼óԦ޵ɣһũȣǸöҩʮ˵õš
ͼԼϿ˰죬֪һƬ˼ģ˲ˡʬ帯ܵУԲŰ˶׼յԼһʬ
ϵͳףָ߽Ƭǻ谵֮󣬳˸ЩɫĹܳԣṩһ߳Ƭֵ
ܽĶòˣڳЩʺɫĹӺ󣬱ûע¶ȣгĴȥܽ棬ȻˣЩôƬժЩӳԣôˣҲûӰʵ֡
Ƭ·ۣżְִ˱ѭų··ն·οǸ·գѾ·ˡ
ˣܵʹ£ӦҲֲһĪбȶµĶ
·һ죬ܽŴʯʪĲݵϣ˫ϥ̧ͷաߴïܵڵ⣬ҲƬƣֻһƬɭ⡣
ͿݻҪã߲ȥĻҾҪɽҰˡ
ͼ˵Լ̫ͻȻûһ׼㱻ͷָʾԼԽˣͼкܶݶûãҲˡ
ܽʵǲˣСಡú࣬Ҷ˵ɷǣĸչˡ
͵˹¶Ժڶ¶ԺʧˣԼܺõԺҲˡٽѲκ˽ѧһЩڼҽӵɻżҲվС˵׬СǮ㸻ԣֻҪִţҲȥ
סһССĳֻ¥һЩճƷû뵽Ⱦ˼ͷס߼·ô쫷Ϯ˲ͰͿգڴ໲죬ջĴϡ
ͼˣҵ˵һ񡣡
ҵ
ܽһʱҭƽʱҷҶ
ͼҵһСǻ滨ʮֵ
ֵ
ͼֵ;ڹͼṩĸֻҡ
ǻǲҳԵģ˾֣
ܽС˵ҲдС˵һС˵·𣬴Խ߿ָһ·ѵҲ⴩Խ
ͼǣֻúţܳҲ
ܽ
ˣͲöԺͼĴġ
ҵȥ·ûУ
ͼƺЩ죬ҵĵȫʧˡ
ܽȷԸʧ飿
ͼôܣһصµģ
ܽԴ˲ÿɷ񣬲ʵЩ䣬ǳֵĺԼůһЩڵͶ˹»Ұˡ
ֳܽһźӣЩֿ֮ʼ뿪ֵ··ϣ˼Ǻţֻ̫󣬼㲻ظߵǹĵطҲȥ·
ţͺˣܽһϢԼ
ͼǻʲôӵģ𣿡
ͼһûչʾǻӰ
ܽ
ʱʤܽͻȻһ仨ģһɫĻԲζһڽͷоʺɫģƴӹͷﳤѪһ
رĻ
ܽסǻģȻͼ鱨ǻᷢһζ
ʲôζ
ͼšڿȵζ
ãˡ
ܽѭźͼָ߰ʾߣȻһɵ¡ӽھûκһӶûУȻȴԽԽĶﺡǣﻹһȳζ
ͼòʲôµĶɣ
ӺˣʲôڰɣⱡİܳһѪڣԼһŵԭȥȻͼ
ͼûУû⵽Σա
ܽһֻǵϵɭɭ׹ԽԽ࣬ЩͷɢˣЩܿǼܣǶʲôֺһͷԽԽ࣬ȳζȴԽԽᣬһζЩͷﴫֱ
ζҵˣ
ܽѭŨܹסζĿζȥȻڶǺ뿴Ƕɫǻ̧ŽűܿЩ߹ȥȴһŵˤںմһֵĹζ
ô£
һܽС
һɫ۵˴Ӱ߳˵òɫȴ԰ףʧѪһֻ˫Ľɫͫ׿ܽɻô
ܽŲ˼߶µص㣬㣬˭
˰봹۾ƺЩʧ䣬ֻһָܽĸǰҵѾˡ
󣬱˵ʼɢܽǰι֪֪ȥ·ι
ϧûӦɢһƬƣڵϳһ޹ǡ
ܽĻ棬˺һЩʱ䣬֪Ǹ˵ݣʽָܽѡ˶¡
ͼɶ
ܽղǸµĽָɫĽָ뻹ǶССĺ챦ʯͦÿ
ͼɽ䣬ÿװǶǻ
ܽգ˺ͼɽ÷󣬱ʳָϣֻɽԼָĴСԼΪһһܽСذǶǻժ£˲䣬İ׹ػ촷ۣͬʧȥʲô֧һ˲̮
ͻȻܽоһضɽҡȻյ˿˿Ƶ͸˽Ҳ΢΢Щɫ촷ȫɡ
ʲô
ܽϰǻսɽĽֻâҵϯǰˡ
ˣߣ
һһŮеĿأܽһۺתȥվǸŮҲˣƺûе⡣
㣬ǡ
ܽ۾ǽµķɽһɽ΢΢ɫâʱֻŮ·ɽɽȡһɫܽϣڵס
ڴ˴
ʱתòһ䡣˵ܽʱŻعǸĴ񣬴˼ģЩԵģײͽ·˺üˡ
˶üͷԿһۺŵȴ뿪ɡ
š
ˣڲÿ׵ϵͳˣ
ͼ
Ů˰Լ§ڻ˷ɽܽûӦһ׹ŮӵĻУȾһ㡣ɽʱݵһ¾ͷˣܽŵòᣬһӶֲŶˡ
ǻûܽµľɫѾ뿪֣ͷֿܽĴӣһ˿ӣԼĵط
һЩ⣬ʦϸʣ𣿡
Ů˵ˣģȻЦһֲΥơ
ǵʦţ
š


2 
һαϷɽʱܽס۾˵ΪͨܵڣܽϾˣһЩ
ܽҲνŷ紵ʵХХסŮ˵Լȥ·ϣ֣ܽҲԱеĽϣŮĽ࣬ľû˵ˡ
ܽԾԼԼԼǰʱͰɽԼⲻҪ鷳
ͼʮֵڶҪˡ
ܽͼֲÿ˵±ʧֻܸż
ͼʵ˵ֻҪ㲻ģҶ
ܽһţڶʲôû֧񣿡
ͼ֧񣬲ҡ
ܽȻ
ͼȻΪƭ㣿
ܽЦЦʵʲô
ͼ취ţɹʮֵ
ܽһ룬⻹ףҪԼʻĻ϶ᱻĳпУȻ£ԽС˵д
ͼΪʮܷΪ١
ܽʲô˼
ͼݵĻһɷϲ񡣡
ˣɣԽôһûմϰܽǾңҲ֪ԼһɷϲҪôǿΪȥ
ͼݲʽͳƣͨϵͳԽģǹġ
ܽ
һ㶼ΪͨϵͳԽһԱ
ˡ
˷һ£ֹˡܽĽ̤ʵϣоһԼĽŲӣ쬵ģһ¡
⿪סܽ˫۵ĺڲܽſǰɫǰһİɫţƣǰ·ŵһĺˮо̹ǣǲ֪ͨδ
̧ȥɼ֮Լɼ¥͸Ʋһ⣬ϹʣȴκһС
Ϊɷţ߱ʸΪе֮ˡ
˵ܽҲˣֻ˵ͷҲܣҲȥ
ϵ˵ͷȻ㳯Ŷɷȥߵò죬ɼ󣬱㲻Ӱٶܽ˻ɡתͷ˿ֻ࣬ŶɷԶûиԼ˼
ڴʱͣ˶ɷǰֻŮӳ๰񣺡ʦ㣬λǡ
ŵˣһɫǰ°ģֻܽһҺɫĴ鲼ϻмֽŶģ忴ȥСҲĳˡ
λں˪־ȳĹЩ»Ҫϸڵʦָʾ
˵ŮЩʵ˪ֵĽ硭
š
Ůûʣֻ·ܽʱҲҾòشкˡŮӳŶɷȥܽ˳ķȥֻһĶɷẉ̂ԿһζεĹ£ܽɵ߽һЩ
ʲô
һŮϣݣ緢ġֿ˳ǸǵŮ˳ݣһα߶һŮˡ
Сģ
סԼļܽŷԼղŽסЩ񻭵Ŷɷȥһž̤ȥˡ
ǸҲģֻЩ̡
ܽδ˵꣬ŵ׺ˮͻȻһ󷭹ӿŰ÷ϰܽǰӡһԲη󷨵ڸǰͺˮĴ⶯˺ü
𡪡
ܽһ޺ŵöȥϵغźͼԼҪ
ͼ£ݼ⣬ĸֻаٷ֮塣
ٷ֮Ѿܿ˺ðɡ
ˡǹ⿿ġ
൥ϥɢȥܽſԭһֻ޴İɫ꣬˫ͨ죬кɫ·һε͸ʯİûںˮУϰڰߣ˫צʯ·ץ˸飬ֻ΢΢ɢĿܽϡ
ѽ˭ܸΪʲôһֻܹˮﰡô߼
ܽڸţǺɫӻ׹⣬ļ˶ͷ­ܽȴ൲ס
ˡ
ʱܽŷ֣࿴࣬˸оĮȴԭҲǸĳԸΪһİ˵סȻ
Ǻܽûж⣬Ƕ˶ӣζֻ֣Ӵֳصӵȥ
죿Цܣôܣ
νûȥһת˿˾ŵܽûˣֻûеõ߹ɷžͻᱻϣǺ֡
ܽṳ̂ȥô;
﷽ΪγɷŶȥ
ǿһЩ̣ס̲סǰȥ
˵ħһڶδԼԭŶɷ
֤˵ʲôջǱ죬ӵɫһ˵ݵӡ
ܽΪԼǸֻǷ˷䣬ܽ⡣
ʱɷŴҲ֪ͨˣ𾪶ŵˣֻһȺ˺ƺƵس
ˣôоҪʦ
ͼҲûʲôɣ
ܽŶҲûʲô
ˣһϣһ˾жܽܽŽԼŵĽųרܽһġ
˵ײͽȥͷģ
ò꣬òһ˫üʱŭܽЩľ
ô
ǵġ
ǹûͷʲôֵ£
ܽһҪ˵Ļ֪ôģǹŹ˵˵
ֵµȷУʲôﶼûУӷöûС
üͷøʣ£
ûС
ֱܽ۾˿⣬ȻһСȴͨͨ÷ɿ죬±𴩡
ҿɷ̽һ̽
˵ܽɵŵǿԣһš
ްֻǰ￴ɷ֮
á
ָ֣ܽشϣһ͵Уůָоʮ档
̺ջֿϺһۣʧ岢޴󰭣˷е࣬λɽɡ
ܽ꣬ԼȥƾͶˡǰһҪ˵ȴԶһ죬һĽֱͨʣضΪ֮𶯡
˶ŵһˣϮǵ졣ܽҪ㵽ϽŶû̧һĽ᳹أŵڵϡ
̧֮ʣһĺⲻ֪Ӻδֱгһˮɫĳסʺϸ΢ʹĺ䴫ƺҲƿڶ
⡭ô£
ͼ棬аٷ֮ʮ
ܽž氡ûа취ȾҰ
ͼ⡭
ҶһĻȴ˸Ҷ񱻶סһؿֺܽ
ѵҪʦδ


3 
ɢĴӴܵĹ»ҰϢ֮һƿնֱӵסܽʺٽһҪɥ
ܽŵһĴʹʵĶͷ̼߳亹һСɷֽס
ȻҲû뵽£δӦ㱻һӿƱ˺ü쫷Ϯֱɽ֮С
ǿͣϢվȽŲһĨѪ޺УһѪҺİɫ֮Слµˣ޵Ĳŵϵϥ˲ԣȴ˵ϢľٶţҲŹ
μʦ棡
Щ£ô֪ôͻȻأһؾͳ˴һҪɱ˵ơ
ĳһܽīɫĬĬơȷҪɱ˵ġ
һ»Ů˲ûûпЩһۣһ˫㻺ܽǧ꺮̶Ӱܽģ
̧ܽͷƣһεѹѹ£ѹڷڣʣ˾治ֱӣֱӶ¡ܽڿ죬·ȥٿƣûܿ
нѪ
ܽ˵ĵһ仰ÿʶǲװ˵ʲô
ף˲ףֻɫ죬϶ٶž֣ʲôµĶһ
ͼǵ֮һǸղ㿴˪Ŀβ伣Ѿõͨ˫ͷߡ
ЩôôֿڣԼôʲôѪ
ͼˣ˳˵һ£ڵаٷ֮ʮˡ
ܽôôƽ˵ⷬģ
ͼҵϵͳû
Ϊβ˵
סĽϸ׵΢΢һ̧̽Щܽ˸СڣѪ黬䵽ϡ
ҡʲô֪
ܽʵʵ˵ⷬʵԵôĲ԰˵ˣֺʲôû˵
֪
ǹһĨ̵ĻȣƶŷĿһǱʿ壬ͷ׶Ǻ

ܽŵòʹȥæͣʲô֪ҾͺͿܽǸʲô¶û
Ҳ֪Ǻ»ǼڽͣܽҲƸղô飬߿ֿߣ汻˻ˡ
ʲôû
΢΢ζؿܽɫƺѾ͸ʲôܽһʱҭˣЩһ۶ҿ¶࿴һ۶ᱻŮɱһ
Ů̫ˣǵضѹ͸ºУһָܽɱ
ˣŮôǿΪβɱԼѵʲôϢ˵Ҫ
ͼн𡭡ʲôţŶ
ܽ
һ˲һַϮںĳʱʧǰѸٵסܽĲӣĵıоܽ˸飬ϢĸоҴ
ưܽ˿ڱЩѪ飬˰Ƶֱϣǲ԰׵ķɫȾһ˿޺졣
Ҳ֪ʿһʲôо
𡭡ġ
ܽæѲɽȡҵذͷǻȡ˳Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪǻóΨһеĶˣҽɣ
ƵͷǻǽһĻ䣬ͻ䣬ɿϵסܽеǻƵס˵ߣǲ֪ʲô£ֻоϢɢ˲١
ƸоǻģԾ֣ܽʧȥǯƣصڵϣŴ
ҡֻǸɷϲģôħʦҰɣ
ܽſڣŵòֱӰƣͷֻɫȹµ˫㣬ݺύ˺ͻأذ׵ĽѾϡ
ƳĬ˰Σ֪ܽʲôֶɱ⣬ϳ˿ͷϣܰԼס
һһź촽俪ΣյĻȣܽĿⲻһ˿¶ȣˣڱߺúù۲ǡ
лʦ治ɱ֮
ףǣղ˵ʲôߣ
ͼʮֵڹһٵֵ
ף
ԼôͺͿˣ
ܽȦʱõ챻ܽͷƣ˷ﺬһĨԵЦ⡣
ԣܽﱾܸЦݺΣգ
һ˲֪ܽԼô˹ȥģֻǰһڣͼҲһѽһ
ʱԼѾһɾķı죬ǼѬζģӵζ
ӣŶ˶ƿǱɫķɽһ䵽ǰ׼üģƺھҪ
飿
ҡֻ
ܽԹԵɻصϣǱҲԭɱ⣬ɵĴߣܽһҶ
硭
ǱƺЩŭܽ£һָľǰͣ£ŵܽϸĿڣ㽣㣬Ҵˣ
ǱīɫĽǷŹܽ
˹ˣôҺҪʲôûбҲ˵
㣬㡭ΪʲôҶ
ܽ˵󣬱ſڵⱻڵסһӰ䣬˲ܽ
ڴһܸ˵ʲô
˽Ƕܽ·ڿһɵӡ˳úÿǺÿûмôÿˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ͼһˣκﶼɵӡ
ܽû
ͼˣҪϵͳҲͬҪʱ
ܽƾʲô
ͼΪһģҪʧܣҲһñ
ܽȵȣ˵ҪҵʧܣҾͻᱻʲôʱ
ͼԣʱﱻռ˺ɢС
ܽ˵һֺµ
㷢ʲô
ͼԻʱ򣬰ѾãܽŻعȴͷҿ͵ңûУֻǸе¡
Ʋ˵һ̧ѱܽɽ䶪ϣ㡣
ܽùԼĽָҲٲǻˣǶ϶ǱŮˡ
ɽǻεģ
ƴĳָ˶ǳһư̻صƵϷһ뻯
ܽҪҪ˵ϰЦһ˼㲻˵ʵҲ޷ҿԶѻꡣ
ѻꣿ
һݣȴɴЦ⣺ʱͻ᳹ױһɵӣججضȹ
ܽƵģС˵û뵽ֲ˵
ɽһˣ֮⣿
˵˵ˡ
ܽ̾һʣҿ˵𣿡

԰ƽܽûжһָǿҲ泩˲١
ܽһһʮظ˰ƣаԣı˻꣬䵽Ϊն³
Ȼܽ˪֣
ܽȥ𣿡
ǲܣû취


4 
û취˪֣ôܣǲнžܽȥ
ܽղϺɫ˰Ƶ˵Ǹ˪ƺĽȥԼȴײͽȥˡ
ѵΪԼϵͳºͿڷˣ
ͼɵˣϵͳֲǿ֤ͨ
ܽе츳ϵġ
ǵøԻǸŮӣ˵˪ֵĽ硯ʲôġ
ƺϲ
ƵЩŵܽϴ˻˹ˣŰƿͷֻ̫ˣûӦ
һֵĪҪܡ
Ǳɽ޳ˣǱˡ
ܽ
ܽŵ亹ֱ΢΢̧ۿȥѲӰҲ֪ʲôʱߵģӰȥ١
ܽһͼʱſڣˡ
ܽ˵
ͼһð˵óԵķɹһֵ
ܽʲô֮˲Ǳٹզأ
ͼôдģⳬҵĽͷΧˡ
㻹нͷΧ£
̲ܽס˸ۣȻС´Ҫǿ϶Ҫʳģٹ֮˵סʳ
뵽ܽѾʼˡ
ܽ߳Ǹ䣬ͷһɾͥԺȺһԺӣ·ǽƶ֮ϵլӡԺɫӣԺһƬƵ֣紵һ嵭ζ
ܽվͥԺŵױһطһûУĻʳģ
ܽͿʲô⿷ӵ𣿡
ͼûУֲϵͳǿЩӵģ
ܽΪɶȥҰѸͷ죬ҾͲſ
ɫӿϸǺɫģҶҲǺɫģȾѪһǹһЩܲܿϰɣ
ͼǳѪֻжܿϣ޸֮ģһ궼ϡ
ܽȰ˵ء
ͼǾ¡
ܽҲͼ磬ССͥԺһȦ˶ʯݣɶûšߵ֮ϣ׼ȥһԺӿֻȴ֮µʲô
Ͼֵ֣ҲûЩطɢʩ˷ڸЩʲôһȥֲ˲ûɢûͼΣգʹ󵨵ȥץסһǵĶ
ֻǵһŵʧɫһ϶˻ȥɫɷ׵ڵء߶µڻϣȻϸؿ˿Լ֣ȷԼûˣ԰
ŮһǷӣʲôɾ޼ղõľ˵ͷǣǴԼ·ڸԼжңŵڶ
ܽҿ˿ûְƳ֣˿Ҳ˲ʲô񣬵ײײػȥղǼªСŽϡ
̫ܽˣԺӲضǺǰɣɱ˶ˣ
ͼҼⲻǼܵ鱨
ܽﻯɹǣѵͲᷢ𣿡
ͼĹע㻹ֵͦģʾǲŶ
ܽΪɶ
ͼΪѪ˵ѪΪʳЩǱѪոɾġ
ܽ
ܽ˸ڴͷ֨ȻСʵνѪϵĺɫѪɫɣ
ͼ¶Ŷˡ
ܽŵñӸͷĬҪȥԭ磬Ҳ֪ǳ롣
Ҳ֪ǸŮȥˣԼгһջ᲻ҲΪǻµĿݹ֮һ
̫ˣ
**
ʱңƲŻ֪ܽΪƮһѪζӵζһ𣬲ţȴ͸Ź졣
ܽԼĴϣȵűƿʱ˶ţȥƵģ
ȥ
Ʋܽǳ䡣ܽͲˣԼʱȥģô֪װʲôļأ
ңҵԵġ
˵꣬ܽĶӹƼڸ֤Ķһ
ƶ䶯˶Ĳ̾˿ԺнȪȥϴ
ңҡ
֧֧ܽأ뵽֮¶ǰ׹ǣ㺦£̤Ļȡ
ô
Ƽܽ͸ž£ƺʲôЦŵԭ֪ˡ
ңʲô֪
ܽ˵꣬һ֪ǱɫĳǺʱģҵԼĺϣŵϹ
֪Щ׹Ƕʲô𣿡
˹ȥָ̧°ֱͣܽ۾󾱱ȵǼĽ棬ƤƣѪ˳Ų¡
ܽû˵ֻ˫ĺڵŵɫ׹⣬Ҳǿɫ
ǱˣǱһһǴ̴ɱģˣҲҪ벻겻ð
ӣǷӣ
ܽµûڶȫ³һ⣬ںž
ͼĺָѾˣȥƲɱ㣬ҲԼԼ
ܽ˭ܲ°Ů˵壬Լһ壡
ܽ¼ˣҪԭȥ
ΣǲǺ±
ü۶ȾŷЦ⣬ƺرܿܽµûģֱܽۿ죬ŵˮô̲ס˳һСʱ۽ǵЦȥͫײ֪Ϊ΢
ƳĬ˰ΣŷſܽȥȪԡи׼֮ʱģⰹƤˡ
ǣǣ֪ˡ
ջسһϮһʧӰ٣ʱ̱ܽڴϣڴڵغš
Ů̫Ϣˣ
ܽǿȻײײƵԺȥȥµİֻԺǰ
ҲһԺӣԺǰиͥԺˮļɽʯ̳ɵ·Ժһ޷һҩζӦʲôһһͨķ䡣
ôˣǸȪ
ͼʱȻҪңȪǸͨķ䡣
ܽСƿţȷûʲôµĶŽȥһͨͨķ䣬ǰһϾɵľľȼһһζܵζˮζĹζ
ǳµĽȪһܵĲҩζ
ղŰƵľ棬ܽҲ·ȪСˮظԼϣưԼϵƣ˲ϴһһů˳Ƥڣڸܵů⡣
ǸѬĺ㰡ҪԼҲܵžͺˡ
ͼǽйι㡣
ܽô
ͼûϵͳкܺõʹͷɹЧ㡣
ܽʹ
ܽԼĲӺ󾱣ղŻôʹʹģڵȷʹˣ⡭ѵΪ׼ģ
ͼСʹòϹι㣬ⶫҪһǧƷʯأ
ܽһǧƷʯܶ࣬ʲô
ͼǷԵǧƽĻһǧԪɡ
ܽòòϣ˿ڿòһǧԪٲĻǶˡ
ͼĬһ£ֵСС˿ڣǰư赼ƻѪֹǱѪֹĹܡ
ܽ
Լ⵽ǴӹŹӹˣ


5 
ϴ裬һɫܽͥԺšˮļɽͷβƽཱུģҪȥŪ
ָֻ䵽ˮϣٿһǱ֪ʱֵİ
ĻɰͷŽȥ
ܽ
βƽѵʲô˵ޣƵΪʲôҪôֲĶͷ
ǡޣ
ܽûаԼſɽקסԼԵһܽڸж֮ʣקܽβȣڰϣײһŵĹι㡣
ŮϣʱȾ˹ιģ
ʱܽҲֻƵǰݲģžͳ
ֻƺ촽΢΢ܽӴ죬Ҫ뿪ƵĻʱȴס
ޡ
ұųأǶˣѪȥιҲ⡣
㻹סң
ֻƤ⣬Ƕ졣
˵꣬Ʋɿ֣ܽһʱʧ׾ڵϣһɢһԼȴüɽóһɫʳС
ԡ
ͰʳܽߣȻ׼صԼ޷
ȣȵȣ
ܽסͷʹﰵʯɱֽŵи顭´ܲʳĻԼĻ

أ¶һ˿⣬ŵܽҡͷ֣͵ǷˣÿնҪʳʦÿնҪΪɽһˣǺ鷳
ֻҪ㹻ʳģԼǾͲͷʦÿɽˡ
һ㶣Ц˵Ҫÿնʳô
ܽ
񡭡ûУȵȣ˼ǣõʱ͸ԼٳԵģ鲻ԼͳԲϷˣ
ܽգſĴ۾Űƣֻÿüǡ
£һ±תȥһͷƮϦӳһ˿ɫȴճ˷񱳺ꡣ
ܽջҿ϶ǷˣȻһɱ˵ķӣ
ͼҪȳԳ԰ɣļֵҪＫˡ
ǣȳԣ
ܽùǷӣٵشȣصԼСȥ򿪷ӣͷһȣһ׷⣬һˡ
û뵽ƾȻ˿⣬Լϲˣ
ܽѷóڴڰǷǶˣ޲ðҲԽȥ
ͼִɲأܣ޷ֲʵġ
ֻܽǿŵһ룬ôô棿
ͼҺġ
ܽ
ܽܺͼڴڰͷž˻ˣѾܾúܾûԹôˡ
ԱСϣöˣȻʼŰơˣüüɴһܽߵһ绪ΪƫƫǸأ
һü۽һ䣬ѹ˶ˡ
ȻôǿΪλԼأĪҪ֪ǽ£
ԼĲ֪
Ҫ֪Ϊʲôأ
ͼôôࣿ
ܽҵڰϣôҲŪ˼ɣ
ͼҲǡ
ܽأƲɱҵԭ򣿡
ͼҵϵͳ޷֧Ұԭ򱳺ꡣ
ܽ
ǲʵģôܼͼأ
ϣܽûټƣڶҲûпֻǵ磬ĶӶֱĵʱ̲סȥԺҰơ
ֻǿȽյĴţܽ˺ܾöãܾ˾͸ҡԼĴһ

ûԵ
ܽĶˣˮɽβƽ𶼾üĿ㣬ƺܲ
ܽ˶ţҪǼɽȥʱƿţһɻؿܽվãǺ£
ңҶˡ
üͷ˿ɫ󣬵˾鷳
˵꣬ţܽûдЬӣ˫ĳ˺۽ŴĿġ
Ļ͵Űɡ
˵꣬ƻһ뿪Ժӣʧ֮䣬ֻǵĹι뿪ĵط
ܽԭأȻ룬㲻ָʹɽһ˸ԼŪԵģ
ԼףԺִһO@뵽ţҲǰƵס߲ǵˣܽŵӳ̽ȥ
˳Ժһ˱ϣɫ԰ףɫæģʲô¡
̧ۿܽЩϲãܿͷӦǸŮϳȥ
ʦڣ
ȥˡ
ܽЩ棬ʣʲô𣿡
ʲôҶﲻæŶ
ͼ
˼Ƭ̣ܽһĺɫ֪ƶܽҲԼģָ顣
յں˪ֵ飬ʦͻȻЩδʦ棬ʧ񡣡
ܽ
ֹײǮ
ͼȰ
ܽǰƲ
ˣȻҩɻѪֹʦԭ´ҩ
Ǳ̵ģ
ͼǰûƸֹѪ³͸һ
ܽѪЧҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ͼʵȥֹǿԵģ˵Ļ͵ˡ
ڣҪǡٵ
ܽ˶٣ֵǿֹѪ
˷У
ԡ
ܽ˵лŸһɽȥˡܽԶ˲̾˿ƳֻͦݵģҪѪһֱûֹסǾҪˣ
ѹմһѪζԭǴԼҵš
ţҲ˵ȥǺ˪ֵ飬ѵȥʲôģ
صԺ֮ܽҲߣվͥԺȰơԼĪʱ󣬰ưһˡ
ֻƵݸܽһֱͨĺɫɽ䣺涼ʳģͷỵҪʲôóǣһСͷԱ㡣
㡭
ܽʰƳԲԣֻǲԼĻ˵꣬ƾͰ˰ں䣺ĪҪűɱ㡣
˵꣬ƾͻصԼ޷ŷšܽǷӦһˣԺûлģ˵ƴӲͣҲ˵ٻ˽롣
Ҳ֪ƻ᲻᲻ϲܽ룬ǾѸղѰ¸ˡ
ܽȥһСС¯ЩܽɨɾȥͷˮЩˮ׼
ֻЩգҲ֪ɽʲôҪôòźá֮ǰɽֻǻ⻹򵥣ѹ֪ͷЩʲô
ͼֻҪᴥɽ䣬ܿͷʲôˡ
ܽԡ
պͼ˵ķʽܽԣ濴ͷʳģи࣬ˣϣϺʳͣûͦȫ
ܽóһЩ⣬һҺͳˡ׷úڿԳˣܽԼˣһһ̿ˮ̫ˡ
˶ڶϣ׼ȥԼСʱɸϰƴӷ
࿴һۣƵĿ䵽ܽɫζȫķϣʵպܺã
аɣ𣿡
ƳĬˣܽϵķ˳˼


6 
ܽĬĬسԼķˣζҲΪɶƲأ
գܽ߼˿ŵԼ߸ͼ˵
ܽ㲻ķ˺ó𣿡
ͼֳԲˡ
ˣʺͼҲǰʡ
ͼǿϵͳѡ
ܽʼ磬һνӣȻ¶ģÿ춼ҪķˣͲŰܹһֱġ
ϣܽȥǿͼɰڰƵ޷ǰͣ˺һֻǰûг
ˣûд޷ܽÿնôʳհƣϧʧܸա
죬ܽѪ˵㣬ðĺ춹˺춹ˮͺ춹⡣ʳڰƵ޷ǰվһûʲôܽ׼̤ǿɲĻȡ
˵ȣܽÿ߶úˣϣûʲô¶뿪䣬¹
Լһֻ̤ϻȣ޷žͱƿˡһ£ɫһز԰ףžɫȥЩƣ
˺춹
ԡ
ܽգߣѶ̷ŵƵǰǺ춹ˮͺ춹⣬㳢
ܽţֻҪƿϳԣôиչʾԼĳգʱ񲻾
ҲŤһ춹ҧһڡ̫ûгԹ˵ʳĿڸаζɢ⣬Ƹ԰׵һ˿ɫʰ㡣
һ˫Ǵźܽ˱һУܵԼ󣬱ȥֱӡĿȥܽذ׵ָ̧䵽°ϣĸоӡ򦡣
䣬Ϊʲôô䣬Ѿ¶˰ɣ
סܽݵ°ͣ˰ڣЩ⡣
˵꣬ƾͰһֻʣµĺ춹⣬ŶһܽιĻ͹ˡ
ܽ
Ϊʲô˵ô£
ƿܽ۾ܽҲһؿ֪ΪΣȻо˰۵ðŭܽҪȥʱȴݺݵסܽ°ͣű
ܽŵϿŰƣ춹ⲻθڣҲɱԼɣ
Ҫ㿴ű
ԵüУԼͷʲôһ
֪ܽͻȻʲô裬Ҳ˵ֹסֻܺµؿŰƣܿԼ۾ͺһȦ
Сʱܰޣ̫࣬оԼᶼˣܾöû޹ˣڰȻǱſޡ
ĺÿ£Ϊʲôôÿȴô£
ΪʲôҪҿ㰡أ
ƿܽۿֻɿܽ°ͣ춹£߰ɡ
ùܽϵغ춹ͻ˷䣬ֻܽԭҡ
ܽͼܻܲȥٴˡ
֪ΪʲôҪŭһαſޡ
ͼŶֻ⸱ãֻˡ
ܽһֱôһֱ磬Ҳֻһ·
ͼͻн㿴ö
ͼ£ܽԺ￴һؼͷдš޻ĸ֡
ܽҪҵ𣿡
ܽϣ
ͼȻǣֵܹ򣬶ϵͳƼŶ
ܽ
Ҿ֪ϵͳѹûʲôộˣǵÿԼ
**
֮ܽû춹ͺ춹ˮͻ룬˼ι𻨸⣬ڳɹˡ
˳ȥʱ򣬱мҵĽŲܽ棬ŷ͵͵ơ
ֻһ¹ڰ޷֮ǰؿͷʦ棬ʦԭ£Ⱦµӡ
µӣĪǼûܺù
Ŷ
ڴƵһЦֻᱻƿȻ»˱˳һ˫ڱʯϡ
û
ܽ
Ҿ˵Ҳ
һ˫£ĿڹԼǰЦԺǸˣǲİ취ء
֪ܽΪΰƻ֪ھðƾͿԼĿϵġ
ʦ棬ᣬ˵֪أǸ÷ﲻʦԭ£Ⱦǣ
ֵģܽΪ˵Ǽ˹ƻĺӣŻʹġ
˵Ȼǲأ
תۿŷ͵ܽܽŵһ飬Ҫ㿪ȴһɷǿд򿪣Լ޿ɱܣֻ˵С
Ȼǲأ
ȷʵڿԼĿҲӭܽЩ֪룺⡭
Ҳҵ°
Ⱦǣ
ֳܽһͷŵܽϰϵض̷źãȻҵ˵ţ𣬱
ֹܽѪʲô취أ
Σѹ֪ʲô취
ͼҲ֪ܵ鱨̫ˡ
ܽ
ֻǰҵİ취ǣĲ֪ˡ
ܽϽͣȻ˰Ƶ˼ȻɵǸԺ󲻶ˣԲ𡣡
ΰգһЩûٲƣֻǿձãǵ
˵꣬ƴɽóһҩƿǳ˾С
ӹҩƿͷлȻٵ뿪˰ƵԺӡʱܽƤˣ͵͵۰ƣЦЦؿ
ܽˣѹ֪Ůһʲô
㣿
ǡ
˲ֹ֪ǱҲþˡ
˹
ܽ϶˹ȥ𻨸һڣζſڱǣ𣬺Ʊһ𻨻һ
ô
û뵽ƻôʣܽǲ˼ؾͻشˡ
룡
ЦŰּĹ𻨸꣬ܽڴ˵֡
Űɣ
ܽ
ҾͲñʲôġ
**
ûнܽ£ƽֻ㣬ƲŻˣܽϲʳо˼Σ˵ǴŹǣȻѰ˳
Ǻ
ζζɫ󻹲ƶ˺ܸȤ
ǴŹǣʦҪҪ
Ȼܽ£ֻҲ֪ôƺƣҲŽʦˡ
ֻҪǶ԰ƲĳƺƻôƺԼ
°ɡ
˵ܽСԹԺܸܲҺòóԣҲøĽ
Ҳź񰡣
û˵ֻǿһܽ΢֮ʣܽȻһ仰
΢΢һЦԼϣ
ڴʱﴫһ󶯾һŵ۵ˣֻŰƹ
μʦ档
£
ƴܽջƳһۣȻĿ䵽ǵǴŹϡ
ܽܿԣ
˵ǵԽᣬʦǵУ˳ĵĵӣʦָһһ治ǳ
գû𸴣ĿǴŹϣ˰ΣߵһȺ廨ͷʲôָġ
˵ΪҪܾһ仰ȴ·תȥҲ뿴Ƕ̳ʲô
ܽ
ǲòˣ˵ɽһˣҲһӰɣ
ģ


7 
֪ܽղƵŵźƴɱķʱֻǸϼѵĳ״ӡ
ǰɽһرսۣȴսƺδһս󽫻սս弸ɱɽҲԪˡ
սۣƲЩ̫ƽʱڵҲϾǴӵģɱ¾ı¡
ܽ԰Ƽˣ
ͼǣҺòϿҵʷȴֻƼꣿ
ܽ
ͼ׼ȷҲ֪ôмˡ
̵̫̫̫̫̫̫̫ܽˡ
ܽò֮̾פƵòҲֻжʮңΨ͸Ųò
ܽȵȣδޣ
ۣɽôŵ
ͼУδǰˣ㾪ʲôǷ˸̫Сûôļɻ䡣
ܽҲǡ
òδˣ԰Ʋűϲŭ޳ɣ
ܽŶվڰ޷ǰ˼⣬ղŰ֮ͻ˷䣬һֱûг
Ѿе㷢ˣΪʲôһָʾûУǴŹ
ܽ˼룬Ҹطʱ򣬰ڴ޷ˡһɫѣֻ˼ɫ£ɽóһʳУѶŽȥҪԡ
ŶŶá
ܽӹʳУǴŹǷŽȥְԼ뷹Žȥúܽʳнƣ׼ȥ
ǣֻǿܽϵʳУûнӡ

Щˡ
ʦ㲻ҪȥԽ𣿡
ܽҲˣ˵ҪԵڲʳûȥҲ
üͷ׹ܽʲôҲһȥ

ܽû뵽ԼȻһȥԽᣬΪԼǱ״̬
أܽԼľȵɫɵ֪ˡ
ʳбڻվڰƵԣԼѾߡĽɫ⣬ɽȡһֻɫСۣࡣ

˷ۣܽȥȻͻȻԼ׷ɳȥ
Ҳû۾Ż𡣷۷еٶȲ죬ܽܿµľɫˡ
ȻƣܿסһɽϣһƬɽ仹һЩС߶ԶЩܿ칬һİɫһССɽ֮ϡܿ죬Ϳ˴ĵֳʮ̨̨ϵըصضŷ
ۡ
ܽѽ԰һ̽ͷȥŵµΣ̨ըɫĹâһضɽҡò֡񣬲ûвһĿһֱϣֱо˺⡣
ʶسŰƿȥɿ촽ÿô
ˣΪɶҾðʲô⣿
ܽؿŰƣǴźԼϣһĨЦЦ飬һͷɫķƮţһۼĻ档
ȻڵܽµҪ
͡ͺ棬ûġ
ܽ˵󣬲ٿֻŻʳеͷʱʹŷ½䣬䵽һտ֮أ˵Ŀⶼۼɻ
ˣܽǵڣѹûҪɽѰƣҲһȥ
ȴۺУʦȨ
ܽŰƴӷźͳϷ׷˹ŰҾ
˰ɡ
ƺڣĿ䵽̨϶𾢵ĵӣмһ

Ƕܽ˵ģŮôڰ󣬸˵Ŀߵ̨ϵλáܽϰ߱ĿΪǰҶ˵ɨǣܿȺҲ˲꣬ܲ˺ˡ

ܽϰǴŹǴʳó˫ӡʦ棬ɽһˣϣ˵سǴŹǣһų϶ֱۡ
ֻܽɵؿڰƺ࣬ԽⲻĻԽˡ
̫ǿ˸ҹ˵вĿⶼ䵽ϣĽкҲ̽ġǴŹǺ󣬰˵һ䣺ţͦóԡ
ͼһٵֵ
ܽЧˣʲô
ͼеʽһһֻ裬ɹĻһʮֵʧܵĻֵꡣ
ܽҲ̫˰ɣ
ͼ趨ǸҪ񡣡
ܽҲٸͼпվʰô裬ǲ֪ôʣȫסƵƢ
ڴʱ̨һ죬ŵܽһ£ԭ̨иһϵը죬ҲѶֺ䵹ڵء
΢΢Դʵˣ
е㡣
ܽĻͨͨ÷ɿ죬Ҫؿһûٸܽ˵ֻǸһԵĺѸղǸӽй
ǣʦ档
ϲɫ˵粻ܵˣָܵ㣬ȻܴΪ
ܿͰǸӴ˹һüĿ꣬һɾİ£üۼ䶼ǰܽںӵӡ
ӳĺμʦ棡
ĺϥ̨֮£ŰҾ̬Ȼ㹧
쾪׾
ƺ촽ţһ֧Դ˺ɴЦȫ²͸ʲô
ɸദ˼յܽȴƺɱ⣬һǴɣܽ͵͵ЩųϣֻЦ⣬ƺΪҪķչδʶԡ
ʦ棬Ǿ쾪׾
ĺӹһ˿ϲɫƿʲôϣһϵܵʦָһ˳ĺ֮ҡ
ܽǳ˳飬ĺǲôֱ׵
ʹаƣ˭ģ
ƲɫǸղŵɫһ糣ֻܽоƵɱˡ
ǵżȻõĲƪ
ѡ
һĺ㱻һǿѹѹڵأ˲εѣµʯ嶼׷ѿѹֵø͸˲ɫǴ󾪣׷׹ҪģĹĺ
УɲΪֻŽأطĲƪ
ƴűѹϿʼѪĳĺЦѧҲѧãèֱˣ
䡯һĺһɳȥιȥˣŻ΢΢ţʱš

бۿһԵĺֻһ֮µɪɪ亹ֱûаʦķɡ
ڡ
Īɽ˱չǰΪλеӽ룿
ʦ棬˽أҾ쾪׾÷롭żȻ
Դˣţֻվһ˫½ݣҪĺȥ˵ĵӶŵ߿ˡ
ؿŵڵһϢĳĺ۵лı˪ô̹ǡֳųĺ̽ȥֻһƤֽӳĺɽȡ䵽ϡ
ƵһƤֽǱߵĺɫȻ䣬ֻŰƵһССĽᵤڵӣ׵ؽĪɽ
ƻͷ·۵Ĺ⣬ҫ۷ǳ
Ǹط㲻ýġ


8 
̨ϴ򶷵ҲΪͣڹսĵҲ׷׿µĺ˽ţɫأһɱ
ûмֻһվԭ΢紵ɫ뻪˾̬ˣȴ˿˿ɱ⣬ÿñּ
·һҪѪ
ʦ
ȻҲܵɱɱǳԼ͸ģΪѴ˾ȴƲס΢΢š
īʦµؼƪĪɽӲףֻҪĵãŵʵΪʦȴԴ˷
ŵӰﻰ˵ĳ϶̲ססЩǴ⣬Ƕ㲻Ƶĳˡ
ΪǸŭ֮ˣδ뾹мֹ
ƻţȴҪŲϥ˵ĳ嶯סˡ
ǰҪɱˣ㲻ˣκξٶͽȻ
ԣ㻹ȡؼ
ƾվںǰҶû˵ܽҲɪɪضһԣκΰɢĺʵ̫£ûס
硪
ƣ
ܽԲҡ硪
ܽˣһᱻưƤǵģ䣬ûס
ȫܰܽԵʮͻأɱվôҡֻǿܽһۣûмƽϣĿܿ䵽˺ϣϵʦֻȡ˾쾪׾Ĳƪ
ƶԴ˲ÿɷЦһ֪Ϊαã
ʦʾ
ǻûǸõµĶ
˵󣬰ƾ;ֱܽٳҷۣ߰ɡ
ƴ̤ܽϷ뿪ղŻ͹ҲʼˣҲһԼĺ
Ҷ̾𲻳ѣһؾֵŲǣаסʼµһɣҲ֪ŵĻǸ
ܽûԽͱƴˣ·Ҳ˵صԺ֮ʱؿһۡ
ܽ˵ҲҲƣֻԼƶͷš
Ϊʲô㿴Լ
ô𣿡
ջ񣬻ȥ߻Լķ䣬ת֮ʻŵɢĹιһ㡣
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ܽ
ղŻԼ˵Լ˼ֱ
ȻԼûÿҲôԼɣ
ܽΪڼúݣƤҲɫģƽﻹЩµصĴֻƼݵģЩɵ˱֮
ôһ룬ʵûȣˡ
֮󣬰һֱڷûгܽԼԣ˯˯˳ԣҲûһҹƣЩǡ
˿ʣҪ裬Ҫꣿ
ҪɽȥѰһѰ
ͼҼ⵽ɽһЩޣ㻹ûµɽѾˡ
ܽҪô죿
ͼİɣҪûʱޡ
ͼ˶٣ֲǽԽԽãҲ֪᲻ʲôӰ졣
ܽ˵ƨƵġ
ͼ
ܽſڴϿգȻ´ȥƵԺţհƻǲ׼ʧʱ򣬱Ʒж
ܽǰ˺ʲôˤڵϷص졣
ףѵƳˣ
̤ܽǰһƵвֶ˽Ųһ˲һʹƺߣܽĵǻսʤ˿־壬Ŷ룬һŨĹι㴫ŨЩ
ܽԽ磬ڴһŵİƣϰ˷𣺡㣬ôˣô£
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ܽŴƵֱۣоϵ¶ȵ͵ˣָϱһƺܵ˾ţʶֳܽץȥܽӦס˲ӡ
ƵЩѣʧȥƽյһƬģ֮ɫ
壬һ㡭
ܽȻЩʱҪɱڲѻĹ
ƺݺݵסԼʺܽҪ̫ˡȻܽ󣬺ƺЩܽŵ˴ϢĻᡣ
ȴսܽһŲ԰׵ԳЦ⣬ȵúؼֻʣһˡ
ù¼ţҲܶĹ¼š
㲻ô
ƴսܽʣȴִżƱСһ㡣
ôܣôܻǱС
ҷ˰ɣ
ܽδ꣬ƽ˵ΪλҪѰң
ܽƵĻԼĲӼ䣬ĴԼļǵԼһ󴥵ĲɻʲôӦܽĲϱ㴫ǿҵĴʹУƤⱻҧƣ۵˲

ͼʹ
ƵܴܽƲֻܽץסƵֱۣ˫Ȳϵز䶯
о˱˿ڣѪҺҲ˿Ѹٵʧţܽʵܲסʹһڣܿ˹ȥ
ιȥ֮ǰֻܽһ뷨
ӾȻҵѪ
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ɽϸ꣬ҶO@⺮ҹ
ȵܽٴӴһۣǼŵıǼֵǧĹι㡣ԼСĴϣˣ䣬ʧ
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ܽҪ̫̣
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ܽеҪһӵ˿ھǣӶۣȻƵǲжզô۵ģ
ǶˣǱīɫĳԼĴߣܽЩµؿµ㣬ҿûҶ
Ƣ˰ƣܽǲҶģϣҲͼ
ڣ㲢ûвֻ߰شšܿ죬СžͱƿˣҹɫһµİϣΪһصɴߣܽɲýŵ
ݣûҹɫ֮У˿۵׵
ΪҪ䣿
ҡ
еƣܽɿһż㷿ж£ȥ
һˣһɵ˳£
Цһ·ʲôЦһܽˣԼǺģôڰԼǸ޲ɼһ㡣
ɵˣԲ
ܽƢһԼı¿ηΣô붼ҪɱԼĻͳ磬ǲٸȥˡ
û˵˾ǿɫЩʧ񣬲Ծһλ֮С˺ðΣƲŵϵĽ֮ѪԱá
Ҳ֪ʲô
ܽԼΪλʲôѪںơ
һᣬһ㵱ں˪ּӣǽĻ֮һ
ܽһһ飬ʹһƬң߶µʵҵ
ƣ
ͼ
ˣǸɵӰɣ


9 
¿ͻȻʱ
ܽ׺ɫİƣΨûпڵģлЦɫ
ôЦ
нѪҵ˭
ͼ˵ˣϵͳˡ
ܽ
ԵĺɫӣǽѪ

ܽʶסͣǹģôҲѪζ
Ѫ֮ĹѪܹԸʡ
ѵĵظܽͣǼܽһûֲ¶ɫ
ʺʶ̫Ѫ˱
΢΢סܽ°ִͣʱȴů˲٣ѵҲǽѪĹͣ
ԣ˵ҪҵѪ
㣬ɱң
ܽҶʮָȴץסµĴŰƴűЦ⣬˸Ѿᵽζ
ʱɱ㡣
Ƽܽ嶼ڶ£ջ֣ɱȡѵĵǶġ
ɱȡѡǰɣҪԼһֱṩѪѪ
Ƶָ䵽ܽĲϣܽµҪʱȴܶˡ΢µָ䵽˿ϣŰƵʹʹ
ʹ
ʵûôʹ˵ģǹιЧǰƵָ䵽ʱܽ־Īʹ
ƤⱻƵľʹٴӿ
Ǳ´ΣһЩ
˵ʱ򻹴˼Ц⣬ܽͷһһʱ֮侹˺ջָŽ뿪ܶ
ȵȣ
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˵´Σ´ΣͼҪӣܲˣ
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û˵ܽӭĿһ߹ȥһ׳ʿһȥ׳ҸС
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ܽ˵󣬰üͷһƺʲôĻܽо˰ɢĺ⣬µ˼
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ܽʵҲڶģҪԼѪôͲɱԼôԼӴһЩҲûϵɣ
û˵ֻܽҵͷҿȥƵı顣һžĶΪɶҪ¶˺µı飿
ұ֤󣬲ġ
ܽĵؿ˰һۣԼЩԶ֪Щʲô
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ܽ˼ڶתԼϵͳİæԺѧЩ£ӵʱӾˡ
á
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ΪԼнѪһֱ
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ƺܽ˫۾㣬Цŵʬ壬Ҳ
Ȼָָ֮µǶһ¹ǣﻹŵ¡
ܽ
ֻܽëֱͻȻЩڴӦˡܹķֻܿһһˡ
ΪΡҪסңΪѪ
ֻܽƵһƴеʲôܼ˲޴롣
˼²ãҲ޹ء
˵꣬תˣ챻紵ڿУɫԵĻҲᴵȴҲɢһļȡ
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ܽŰƵıӰ۾ĪЩᡣ
ǸŮˣΪλҪΪۣ
**
գܽԼĲѾʹˣȥ˵ƵŨصҩζ֮⣬ȴκҩķţɾúܣΨԼõǸСͷġ
ǴƬٸͼ緹緹ܽˡ
Ŷ׼طʱһɫëͻȻ˹ȻһѱסԼĽšŵòҪ˦ţ뵽Լϵʳסˡ
ͷȥǾȻֻë׵Сè۾īɫģͷϻһССĺɫʯ
裿
ÿɰ
ܽȥѶ̷ŵһԵʯϣȻסȵСè䡣ذСèڻèҲɵܽĻϲ
˵ǰԼҲСﻶӭССèСȥҲιǡֻԼľʵޣû취ǣԼ޵һ±
ССèݵ̨СʳҲȡһЩȥιֻǵѺܲΪΪԼЩСԵģŵ̨ʺÿ춼ɾٸ»
Ȼ̨ŵˮͶ˶˼ֻܽҪˣû뵽ˣûˡ
ʱܽҵģҪֱǣںǸѰˣܽžһЩ
ǿܽ£СèСצܽ͵͵һ
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ؿһһèһۣƺЩϲ㡣
С˵һ䣺Ȼ
ʲô
ܽȴ˵ȥˣֻǳιɡ
ܽ
Сè䣬ǻǻ
ܽͷСèһ̧ۣͷʰʲô˵ӰȴʧѾȥˣһӰȥ١
ǻ
~
СèצĨĨ̲ܽܽסͻɣԺҾչĻʳҪܡ
~
ܽСèȡ˸С֣˵òˣܽ׼ιһιʱ򣬷ԼǴƬˡ
ܽԭأƽյķš
ʦ棬ɽһˣȻ͵Ĺˣ˰ˣִ򲻹ֻܿǴƬˣԼıˡ
ͼɣʮֵһǵõƵ뿪ɽͷһˣɹĻֵ
ֱܽ˵αػأ
ͼһһ֧񣬹һѱ޷ʮֵ
ͼ˶٣ֵôֲۣ뿪һˣֻȥһˡ
ܽû˵ֻСԼ̾Լߡ
һ·ϣʵȻᷢ裬ҲԼӦԼԵģʳģһֻ衣»ǻẦµģðƺûôˡ
ȻĽŲӣԭѲ֪ǵĻϡ
˸Ųӿ˼֡
£Ǻܿ£ôܲ£


10 
һһèɽ˰꣬ܽһ˳ԵĻƸɽʳǺ㹻ģɶһֻèʳľͿʼ׽ˡ
ôôܳԣ
ܽգСèԴֻһèͣô;ͳһֻأ
ǻҲǸӣʳҲڴ˰ɣ
ܽĬĬϴŵĺɫɽ䣺ͷܶԼˡ
~
Ҳ֪СûͷŶӳܽܽû̾˿ֻһ˰Ƶ޷ǲ֪᲻˰
ܽٻƣֻԼʳƲŻżһԣ󲿷ʱ䶼޷Ҳ֪Щʲô
ΪСֻܽȥ˰Ƶţߵߵûжܽȴˡ
£ѾþˣԼڵȶڶ
վ˻ûж׼뿪ˣϰȴˣ£
ģϲŭܽҲûио⣬ǹưǻδɱġ
ңҵʳĿˣСԵúܶࡣ
˵ܽ㽹ƵصȰƻӦָϵؽźɫ䣬ֺ¡
ʱܽоŷ΢紵һ˲ű򿪣ֻվſڣݣɫĮĮϲҲŭ
ĿܽϻתƵһԵİèϣüͷǰô
ܽ
СʱЩݣԲԲëˮģʱֱè
ǻèɽͷûһĶ֣ԼԲԣٶٶι
ܽ
ܽһԼű߲䰡СèѵݣɣǣôСͲ¡
С
ü乵˼֣ŭĿ䵽СϣСƺоɱ⣬ܽߣվԶ
С
˵һΣС˰Ƶ˼鲻ԸһȻɢ͵İ׹⡣ܽͷȥδüס׹⣬׹㼫ɢȥ԰׹⴦Хһǿ磬ܽ˼
ܽδվȣ;ססΡм̧ͷȥȴһҲⳤ岻
ܽ
ܽѾˣһ˲١ֻؿڵҲ˼򴦣Ҳ׽ȥʱһɫƤ
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ΪԼ޴𣿡
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ܽ
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԰
δӦʮʹ죬ܽܳЩŰƾôˬشӦԼ
һ
Ҿ֪鲻ô˳
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ܽŰƣƾƬ̵ʧסܽǶܽ˸
ô£
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˻
ܽһڣҪƿƣãȻʲô
סʵĸоתۿСȴСƿʲôͯ˵Ļ棬ڵϣĴצӰ۾
ʹƣʹ
̲ܽʹԼҪ޳ʱ۳׷ڣ˹ȥ
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˵ƺʲô죬˲׹˱һ㡣
ȥ
ưܽڵϣתۿСС˹ŰƣͻȻִԼ
ƿСһۣһһͷԵġ
С
**
ܽԼѪȥڵĻᣬΰҲһȥҲܽڶ̤Сˡ
ֻû뵽ᣬֹڵĵӣɵĵҲԼķֽС
ܽźͼ˵󣬲˰һۣȻһ롣
òǰƱ֪ᣬԼҲԲ˳ƴԼɣ
ԼѪǱƭߵģ
Ŀһ۰ƣȻɫĮĮ΢΢𣬿黹ǲġ
ˣԼѪƵ鲻ҲֵõģôԼͲᱻвˡ
ʶԼĲӣƻ˰̲˿ڻδϣԻʹúˣܽվӵʱ򣬻ܿ˿Χ˱ۼҲ֪˿˻ʲô롣
ڲǸ⣬ֻķ۽䣬˶ƣʶı㽻ͷӶŴ˵ݡ
ֵᣬҲδ˵ԼҪҲûӭȻҲˡ
ۺ󣬰Ʊʵȥ䣬ĪҪű
ѵðƽոԼŷ磬ܽһм߸˵תʱסƵ䣺ңûǮ
ƣ
ضܽһۣܽҪʱ򣬰ȴժһöɽܽ

У͹
ܽɽԼϣűСèСûȺ֮СͷҪҪȥʲôطѲӰ
һû
ܽҲ⣬ϰ˺ö̯ӣ˼˵ģþûмֳˡǰҲϲţܾԼ˥Ầߵˡ
ľЩͬˣϾΣյ磬Ҳ֪ʲôʱ͸ˣʱֲźá
Ȼɵĵһŵӻ࣬۹ȥһְ£ɢɢһЩº£ΨԼһĺ¡
ʱһֽˣȺҸܽ˹ȥ
׽㣡
㶣ܽòŰϳԭ㣬㳤ˣҶûϳ
ЦˣЦʵ⣺ÿˣҲˮˡ
ܽޣҲɵǺǵЦЦлл׽ǰңҿɻˡ
ˣɫ˱䣺Щӹú𣿡
Ǻõģ԰ƳھûٹڰƵԣҲǼʶϲŭ޳ģһвóĺڵϣĺڴϡ
ãõİ
Ҳ˵ϲãҲ˵϶ãĵʵϰѾܾöû˺Լˡ
һԼһֻ衣
㡭ǳ
ע⵽ܽתСˣͫ𾪵ؿţ裿
԰СܹԵġ
ƭҵ͸ˣܽǾ
ҪҪ
ҿɱá
ΪΣ
ٻһˣ׽֮ˣҲá
СȻС
֮ʱǺѣ
ǳѱܺܽôշġ
ûн
ࣺ


11 
һ˼ؿֿܽһŵİɫè䣬ЩΡ
ǳԼ֪ˡ
Ȼ˵ˣܽƽӹʸƽӹûɵ츳ƻǰ˻ȥĪ츳
ңʱƻ˵нѪһж˵İġ伣֮õĽͻȻϢϢԴһͨŮʵڰ˼⡣
Ҳֻа֪ˡ
㡭ôˣ
಻ϢѾ˺üֱ飬ܽܺʲôֻҡҡͷûʲô
ѵɽ㲻Ҵߣ
ð
򵼵ȻܺãҲͷӬһײܽȷˣȻЦĵ׻ͦõġ
̯λߣ˲˵Ŀ⣬ֹΪܽһ£ΪΪбˡֻǣĿģֻܽè䣬еΪĶֻܿʵףеʶı֪Ǻˡ
ܽ߶ܽķһ̯λʵҲܴһӭ̯λ
༷ܽ˽ȥ󣬱̯ţǱױ׫дивɽۣͯǱ˲Ⱥ׫дġ
̯λܽȤСࣺ׽㣬ⲻǻôôҶ֮ͣ
֪λũȵ壬ƼҵӣƼɽȫĲ飬һЩʷҰʷ¡
˶٣ϲ飬Ⱥ׫дһЩټٵĻղܣԴ辶׬˲ʯ
ܽ
ԹȻ˵ıʣҲס
׽Ҳ𣿡
һЦûлشܽ⣬ܽžԼʶˣҲЦЦͷʡ
˭ûСأ
ʱ˵⵽ɻ䣬˴ٵдţӲдҲӲ˵ļ棬ļǼ٣ץס˶ߵ̬ܻᷴȥжζ
ҲΪݰ٣鷳ֹʵģᱻΪС̯λҲԽԽ죬˭Ҳܲˡ

ʱæǮ塮һǮ¶һԵʦܣææܽߣλ찡
ܽҲʶ㡣
ܽûм壬׽ԼЩˡȻ崩ĵۣϻһҩ㣬ƦƦģܾһСľͻᱻˡ
ϼ㣬˵ˣ㳤úˡ

ܽºˣѵ˵ֶΣȷʵԼʮֺ棬̫ˡ
ʱɽóһûдĻصĻһ㲻ˣҼⱾԵ
ܽ
ӶĵԼˣô۵
ߣ˵㳤ˣҵĵͷһһЩ廭ǹ˻ȥΪΡ
ðɣܽĶˣʵںܺ档
ʱСְһǱ飬ƺҲܺ档ܽ룬ʯԼģײ
ܽҪʯҪùȥȴ˽ûϷ֣ڿ⻰ʱҪСһЩĪҪ˿
ôأ
òвĶɣ
˵ػô˵Ȼҵĵġ
˵꣬ŷ֣ܽͷʾԼ֪ˣת뿪ˡҪȥȴסʦ㣬λǺˣر𡣡
Ҳ֪ܽĴڣһĺ£Ϊȴִżѱĳչգ
λʦߵˡ
˵꣬ת׷˹ȥɫ䣬޴վԭأ֧֧᲻֪˵Щʲô
꣬ˣǻ
ԭҪȥ׷뵽ԼĻһ۾˻أӲסˡ
ԭ
ϣϣԼ˵ģĪҪ˿ȥźá
İ£֧ܽԵѱ޷һھͰֵӵˡܽˣҲûҪˣϾҲɣҲ˷Ǯ
ܣҲףԽ޺ͷ޾Ӷ࣬Ҳн˫޵ģԼˣ̯λĴ඼ǽͷźũȾͶ޵ķ͵ҩӦоУʮ֡
һȦܽΧһȦûҵƣ׼ڸղŷͣĵطȴ˽סˡ
סϵȻֻˡ
Ҿ˵Ҳ㲻Ҫô򣡡
ܽǱƼˣظǰŵ˵ãͷҪ򣬸оҪˡ
˵ĺϡԸһƷʯͰҰɣ
˽ŷǣŵϯӣʮֳϡޡżϵȱǮֻҪҪģǮҪ򵽡
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£ŷ˼ָܽɸҪҲ˷ѣң
ۣ㻹𣡡
ǸܵܽŭС˲󣬻ͷǺɫʯ˫¶׹⣬ŷŭĿӡ
ŷǼˣǵ£¶Ƶ̰֮ɫ˫ֽӡһźɫͼڳǰʱһԵ󺰲ѪӡҪ
Ȼ裬ŷҵΪԼɵйĿˣ
ܽһʱʧɫԼʧСҲ˲ǿܵСǰſ˫۵ס
㣬룡
۵
âһܽѹؿڣʱڷڣͷһ𣬱³һѪ
̫죬û뵽ܽȥסûӦʱŷӦŷ
δУһĽѹ˲ס˼ŷǽѪӡҲӦѡ
䡪
һīɫĳ̵ֱ棬纣ɢԽΪİ˳ʮߡһĨ´ֻ˺ĳڽ֮ϣһ˫ؿŷǡ
ŷǼźгϣΨδŮˣҼƣ϶Ÿճصʦ桪ơ
ǰ˳޽֮ߵ֮ѵǰ
ߵ֮ϲ仰
ָڵϣСӴܽ˵С˵òˣҲá
ܽ
ˣûУʲôˣǸ߿ˡ
ͼ⵹Ҳм֪֮
ܽ㣡
ǰΪң
ŷֱ׳˵ţߵ˵ƵѹҲ壬Ҳ֪˵£Ǹ˵ç
ԣߵ֮ô
ŷ˼תתĪǰܣҪ
ߵ֮仰񻹷ǰңҪĲǳ
ǰҪʲô



12 
ǰҪʲô

䣬ŷûпγеģؿͻȻһʹ˲³Ѫŷֻؿں͸඼̴һ˫Ѫͨ죬ʹڲĶǰôеġ
ָͷû
ŵò֨Щµú˺ü±Ƶʽ
ȿȣ룬ȿȣԨԴѵѵǰ֮ˣ
ŷǵĸ߰ģֻ֪ж£ֻϣܿŵ꣬һ
ԨԴꣿ
ơǡЦһ΢΢ͷŷǣʲôԣ
ܽץסСëֻǱӰɿóŭˣ˫ˣСС⣬Ů涯ɱ⣬𿿽
δޣôô˵
ŷǲ˵꣬ƴһӣдܳһ䣬һŷǲסǶ÷ˣһܿ䣬ǺɱֶΡ
ǰ飡
ʱŵĳϲ٣ֻųϷε˹ŷǸǰ̧ױȭǽͽ޷Ȼȥˣһúụ̀ܽǰƹǶ
ƿ˿ǰˣ΢΢겻ܳΪϣûˡ
ܽ
Ҳе츳ϵġ
һϸЦһǶ񣬵˰ǰǰдԭС
ŷûܹҲ֪ʱ˵ֻңֻ
ŵҲ˹ŷ顣Ͼǹϵ㲻ɣǿɲ˸˺һˡ
һըȥ˵סҲδܱס˷ݣ˵һսҲٻˡ
ƹЦЦָ˻صԼСʱŴӳ£תۿܽдûĻͻȥɡ
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ܽؿеʹǿһŷǣҲ֪Լ˶ٱһתŷǾ˹ȥŵҪʦš
ܽ˶СڰֱȡۣСűСèģ
ƶ֮ʱ뼸ܽͻȼΪƶٻһԼֻʣȳǮΪξͲ
СԴܽϣȻЩ¡
ܽüЩãСҰ꣬˵
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ܽٲȾңҾҪһʬˡ
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ܽ
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ܽϰѹڷ۱أܽ˿ܿͱ紵ˣһСһһ׵ģص˵
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ܽץסƵ֣һԵСҲצӰŰơܽƳˮһ̣ƲѼ֣ܽ˻
ܽˣ񱻰һһţ˲䣬Ѿ˹ȥ
СŶ䣬һֿܽһ۰ơ
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~
СһȻſܽ߱㰲
ƵȥС۵ıأ紵ڴ˿ȴԵޱȼȡ𣬻壬ͷ˫ϥ֮䣬ü˿ڡ
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ܽʱѾԼǸСͻȻһ뷨Ŵͺһһÿ˶ѹ
ͼô뵹Ҳû
ͼܽ˼ʵУԼؿڣѾûʹˣĪǰưԼˣ
ͼǰӹǣҪǲˣʱˣ϶²ٵġ
ܽԼĲӣŲӣӶƮڷеĸоȻ¡
䡮лл˵ǲ˵
ͼˣֵٵˣٵ޻򣿡
ܽ򣬿͵͵ѧһ׿ġ
ʱԼ϶ͲģҰأ˵ԼʲôɷӸɱˡ
ͼİɣ⡶޻ֻЩֻöֻҪ㲻ڰǰͷֲˡ
ܽ򣡡
ܽһĶ֣߶һ޻δⱻûİƺͽ㿴ܽϰؼսɽ
ܽЩҪɽﻹʣʲôʳģ׼ȥû뵽ɽ䣬㷢ͷ˺öʳģѿ涼ˣܽЩȡ
ܽ˯˼ˣ
ͼˡ
ܽ԰ưʳˣ
ͼҲ֪ҵǼԼɽɫɽ䡣
Ǿˣû뵽ƾȻԼѿ涼ϣܳԺþˡ
ܽһȦ֪СԼȥˣҪҰƣǰһֱŲֱԼų֡
˵ΰ˺ܶʳĲϣĲϣܽҲ֪Ҫʲôˡ
ֻǣΪԼʲô
ó𣿡
ܽСʣǣŰư𣬳˶Ȼˡ
š
ֻһûж໰ܽЩ䣬ʣǸŷǻ𣿡
ϰŷ̧ߵĽģһ˾ûһܽ³
㵣
üƺ̫ˣŵܽӣܾϢĴæ˵ǣͺ档
Ƴ˼ſڣˡ
ܽ˵ͷƻˡ
Ͷˡ
ܽΪʲô
Ȼǲģһ㡣
ʵ̫ˡ
΢΢ƺܽһ׷ʡܽҲʶȤס죬ƶʢһ󣬱㼱طȥˡ
֮ܽʶȤ㶼ڰƵķſڣÿܽȥʰʱӶǿյġ
ʱ֮ܽ̾ôԶ֡
ʱܽͱ޻˺ü죬ܽһ¡
ˣ
ϣܽŵƣóĻ̲ס뿴дʲô
һˣ˵һŴΪʦϣ뿪ʦţΪߡһ·Ͻʶ˺ܶ־ͬϵˣҵһԽûСС
ܽ
ܽ˵ģ˶ɵˡ
ȡһЦĻӣ


13 
ܽĲ֪ô²ȡһһģ̾˿
ʵ̫Ϸˡ
ͼõһȥһڵȨɹĻֵʧܵĻ١
ܽһ˶ˣϵǰֻһ٣ôۣ
ͼǾ͸ٿ
ܽ
ͼˣһ£ÿֵ٣ͻһˣ֮ͻ
ܽ
ܽסˣ۷ֻƣԼǺ׾͸µ
ܽզһʼ˵أ
ͼгȥˣôü˵
Уһ˲ǰɣ
ܽžҲû˿˼ѻ֮󣬾Ϩƻش˯
ȡһȥһڵȨⲻɱʹ죿
ˣΪ˲븻󣬲ԣн⣬ҶǸ糢ȡһ¡
գ˯ǰѾ˵ܽվڰǰֿʼǰˡ
ǳ
ԼԥҪҪŵʱ򣬰ȴƿţŲӹܽߡֻվͥԺ֮У̧ͷգһ
鷳
Ʋͷ˵һ仰ֻ֣ͣϡһ˲ɫɢй⳾Ƶ֮Уޡ
һ仰û˵ֻǿ˿ԼģְĲػص֮Уһ䣺һȺûõĶ
ܽƵ鲻̫׼߻ԼСӣȴһס
Ҫǲǲʱˣ
ˣ綼Ҫ
룬ɲһȥһڣ
üͷܽȴջظղŵĻ
ƿɫûüȴΪԼҪüˣ
رвס
ЦһܽսǾٿúܽϢܽĴϡ
ֻܽ촽һҪ㣬ԼһƾҪŭֻľżһһؿŰƣͷ߳亹
ֻ룬᲻̫ˣЩȡ
ңҡֻ߶߶ұ֤ȥڣǰһ
Ƽܽһɣ촽΢ƺ鲻ŹֱܽӣҲգȥȥɣ۸ҲԼ컯
ܽ˸飬ŷǰߣʱĬڶ֪ԼסڰٻһӣԼƽϰɣ
Լһ޴ģƾȻЦЦȸղŻҪһЩ
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ܽ
Щ廨ͷʲôƷԡ
ܽô˵ƺƶԼȥһ⵽ѣЩѵƵ
ڴʱСǡûһصܽļϣȻԼצӣһʮ˳ʮ㡣
ؿһСҪȥһĪɽҪȥڣȥɣ֪·
˵󣬰ƶܽ𸴣һɫ䵽Ľ£һ˲Ͱǿˣܽһĳҡ
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ܽðɡ
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ܽһɽּ䴩һصɽɽԽǹľⰻȻܿܶСԿţСâһСѾɽвɺӵĴˡ
Сɽ·ȥܿͿڵĹɽɽˣСܽ׷׿˹ȥ
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Сͣԭһеӱʵ
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е¶ɫ뵽ǹŹֵƢˣҲ֪ʲôˡ
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ܽ·ˣСĵط󣬼ۺѰ˼á
ط̫·˵ʵ̫Ѻˡ
ŵɢŨŨҩζŷӦʲôطѵˣ
ܽСèģԼϣԼСͷкܶ˵ĵӣЩţЩţϰ¶Ⱦ۹һƬƬѪʮֲҡ
вٵææģǼҩǰ˵ģûŵġ
ܽһܣѰӰøõĹ˵껰תܽҲܾϲ˹ȥˣ
ûܽѰԼģΪˣϾ粻ǳܽ
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һΪܽʲôҪ£ܽû£߱˵̬С
˵ԼǸȥһСͬеʦ˵ˣŰ͹ġ
ܲ𣿡
˵ǺƽʱżңߵҲСֻûս֮£˵ų֮ѾʮͷۣҲ֪ǰǻҵʱζȹġ
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ܽգȻ뵽һֵ⣺嶼ǻ𣿡
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˵˽üͷ̾˿ֻں˻ΪкˣкǰȴսǶħ˵ö֮ٺƽ
ܽ˵ͷʾףսˣǳ޻ڣ߳ͻϣʲôĺƽ
ܽһЩִйклƤΣһ̾գڶս
ˣ֮ǰǸŷѾȫˣ
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˻ǰƣһ־ûô׺ˡ
ŵĵ˵˼Ѿ˲٣ɲ֪ΪͻȻվʹÿÿʹιȥ
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䣿
ö˶˵ģôͱˣ
ʵһֿµǷ䣬ܳɵġ
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һã
ȻȴսҲвٻʹ֮ˣŵīʦϴ˵˿ɳҡ
˶٣ֵ֮ǿɷ֮Ҳһ˲ʹá
һˣǡһ
˵ŷǻŷҲվʹǱ˵ˣµġ


14 
кͥԺ֮УһصӰ涣Ȼīɽˮ
£ܽǳ˳飬Ӳؿڡ
ǣǸŷǵʲô䣬ܽ𣿡
ûвܽɫȻֻΪǺѧǽ䣬һֱȽϵͽ׵䣬ʹ
ҪҲѣʩ䣬ٷųѪˡ
ǲѾˣ
δҪЩʱա
ܽûʣܾðƳǺݵģĿ֮£Ҳ֪ôµ䣬·֮
ϴܵ˺ô

ܽһǿ׳ƣයЦˣֻʦûн̵ô
ʵڲ˶ܽĽܽʼܽҲͬĽͶʼɵȻΪԵõƵָͬȻǰƵƢûܵˡ
ûûУʲá
ܽպͼ˵ģԼʾǸɷϲģϵͳڣԼ辶һҪѰ·
ͼôģ
ܽҽˡ
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ƽʱ͸ʦʳԣӾôˡ
ܽ룬Լ⸱֮ôֹѳˣ
޾֮·Ȼд˷аš
లοܽһԼⷬԼʲôֵʵһʡ
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ܽϸػһ£Ϳ̣һι£иŮһͷϣ˳ݣȻ߶һŮˡ
ҾͿˡ
ܽЩȻ֣쳣ǻһȻǵǸ档
գüͷһܽԼʱһޡ
ô𣿡
ʵϲûе̡

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ͼûпײ۾ˣ
ܽûпǸưͣ
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˵īʦȷڸ˱ڻԵ߲ܼ֮
ܽ㶣ֵǸԵߣǶû
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룬ҲƾͲǻ˵Щµˡ
īʦʦδޣֻ˵Ǹѵꡣ
ΪʲôҪף
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ôǸŷǻ˵ƵδЩԨԴô£
īʦԨԴ
Уŵĵӣֻϣ뿪ʦš
ŶôôϤףⲻǻĴҵүдľȻīʦĹ£
īʦһֱŲĹϵųɽһɡ
ܽţסǻóĳ嶯ʵīʦôģ
˵񲻽˵īʦʱй⣬˵䣬īʦ滹ͦĵġ
ǰ˽֮Ľ磬ʱ޲磬ɽһս֮ҲͿ̿
࿴εգŸɾīʦһ֮ѳ˽磬ס˽İ
˽֮仹н磿
У֮߱ҹ֮أΪֻҪ粻ƣ뿪ҹ֮ء
ֿһ£Ҳƽͽʿ֣֮ƽ˽磬Ҫ˽ͱҹ֮ءƽ߳ıЩֵ壬ǵвȻҪСһЩЩȻöԸ
Σء
ܽʼԼܹܲȥ
ǰģ˽ҪϣֻҪǲܼػ˽簲
˵ħйˣ壬ҲѹֻǸѳ˽ˮīʦ浱Լż
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Ƿû꣬ΪҪ޽Ե
ڴʱһ˼Цʵػ˽簲
Ʋ֪ʱģĿ֮ܽľУüͷ
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ƿ࣬Щ䣬ȴܲɱܽһЩСиǿĸ֪Σյıܣܾܺ׼ظӦͷųɱ⡣
ʦ棬īʦѳ˽簲ɽĿģȻ
ˣЦһȴǰд壬ǧš
һ޵Ļܽȴð˵ҧгݣĪл飿
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ԣ˺һֱܼˡ
û˵ǳֹܽȥܽƳ֣ӦһӣͺԼĲꡣֻΰûӣǰķؿڣ̱ܽоؿڴһ⡣
ã̡
ܽҪƿƵ֣Լѹˡ
һΣѵҪԼ
ƽܽؿڣֱܽؿһ˿âǱɫ˲˱䣬ۿ죬۽ǶȾһ˿ɫʲôʹһ㡣
֣ɫֻҪʲôʲô㶼ܲš
ܽţԼؿڣȷû˺һ
ô
һΣһ֪ܽôشˣ±ˣһء
Ļ𣿡
̲㡣
ưܽһۣ̫ˣϲˡ
ܽ
ðɣôԼһ˺Ǳһθص˺
Ե
ָָܽϵС̲סؿһһһۣΪ㱣ݻ
ǹͬɵż
ѵøԼôõĽ飬̲ܽܳסʣΪҪ˵Щ
̤֮;ӳ
˵ƵЦ䣬ܽһ󺮲ֹ
Ǳĥˡ
ܽ
ҪȥҲˣһ㣬Ҫȥ
ͼزȥˣŰɡ
డ࣡


15 
ҹɫ΢ɽֵܻһЩܽϵʩ˷бůЧŲڶɽּ䡣
ԼͥԺСʵСҪôһ
ͼôͲأ
ܽоС㻹ס
ͼϵͳҲġ
ܽô
ͼһһŭ֮ŭһ¡
ܽ
ܽЩ־úЦʱúͼû취
ͼʵ˵İ취ŵŻ
̵ܽ𣿡
ͼûУԼ취õ
ʲô취ˣҿɣ
һ񣬸һһɨܽ㲻ӣ㷡
ȥԼ
ֻԼƤҪȥҪʵ̫ˣҪ󣬰Ҳ֪᲻һŭ֮¡
ͼŭһ£
ܽ죡
ˣȲˣ˷˵ʲôأ
ܽȥֻû뵽մţоĻȣʶغһŷְҲ
Ǳˣƻͷ˲ݣŵܽϵǸǸҲ֪档
Ҫ˳ȥ֮ʱưס
Ŷ
ܽȥ֮󣬾Ͱֵַվһ䣬ҿ¯Խǿͱ̵ƤҪյһ
ðɣһ
ܽԼĶͷĨȥһѺˮҪ̧ţȴߣͰӽ¯
ܽӵطҪ̧ŵĶµؿպĵ¯Ͱ
֪ҪôĥԼˡ
ٹһЩ
ܽգСССŲǰ˼СƲüܽԾŲǰһ󲽡
ԽԽȣֿȺҪոԼһֻܽԼĸƢڷ̵̣¶ȴ̴Ƥϵÿһ磬ֲҶ
ʱƻ˹ܽ°ֻ͡ԼѪ󣬰Ƶ²ůģģôȵˡ
Ļܽ뱧ס̫ˡ
ѾǼˣ
ƿܽ߳غˮǺܣҲ𽥵Ժ
Ǽˡ
Ҫ֣ȴܽԺץסȻķŵԼĲϣһ𽥼ӿƵӽ˽ȴûжڻҫ֮£˫վ˲١
ȡ
ܽץסƵ֣Ȼ󻺻߽ƣֻ˵¶Ⱥõͣţһܽϵȡ
ͼ㣬ѣ
ԺУܽͼѾ˵ʲôˡԼҪסƵʱ֧ܽŲס˫һڣʲô֪ˡ
ǰһѵµ˽ӵȵ÷̵ĺ̲סֽ˽ϵȡ
̾˿ҡҡͷհܽᱧ뿪
**
ܽ𽥻ָʶʱѾûоˣֻһ뷨
û뵽һڸѹ
ͼûڸ㡣
ͼܽ˲һ飬͵ۣԼСϣӶڽȪ
ʶ˫סԼǰĴȻƾԱߣеغžơܽˣһԼ˵ģƲʧЦǼ⣬ϡ
Ҳ⣡
ܽʾԼǰĿ⿴Ƶؿڡ
ðɣԼȷȲϣ˵ĺܺãģò츳ǾģȻԸȴǸֵġ
ϵ۴ʱ򣬰ĺԸ񶼲СĴ˰ɡ
գ̲סЦ˳Цһ̿סЦܽȻЦԼǿĿ̲ס
ʵЦǺܺúܺÿģͺ˪ѩﱻڻ¶ԭɫ
Цˡ
ܽɫͨ죬˰һۺתȥñŰơƿܽ⻬ıݹ᾵Ҳ⣬γɺÿҲû˷ܽʳ
ڷ˻ǰ̶Ųס
ܽһۣ˿ھƣĹܱһ
ܽԲӣͷƣ˵ʲôȥ»ӿڳֻסһĵضŰƣ޲ð븹С
Ҳûٵ٩ʱܽʵ˻ʲô
ϴĻ𡣡
ƺһһȲʹ죬ԾƺԼﵹ˾ƣֵʣнѪ˷ѣϴ裬޷ɡ
ôôҪԼˣ
ôͻȻôɣ
ܽΪֻܿԼû뵽ƻԸһ֣õİ취ʵ
˵ôˣͿԼĥˡ
վߵȪ߸̫ܽЩȤˡ
Ϊң
ܽˣҪĥˣһˣҼٸǧĥԣΪƫƫԼ
ʺ۵¶һ˿֮ɫŵܽϻعͷٿơ
̫ˣôˣ
Ϊá
ЦţЦ˼ζֻˡ
ܽһҶȵĪĺɢȥСػͷȥѲˡ
ʰԼŵĨ͵ܻԼȥСƺܵԼԼܽ
ķģû£ǡһء
ܽͼǷ˻ô£
ͼݼ⣬˻ɽ֮һǻ͵Ļ𡣡
ɽôġ
ͼǻΪīӵУ䲻ĻҲһֱ䲻ڷ˻ǰӵˡ
֮һ֮һƻʲôԼ֪ģ

УˣȲЩóԱ˵
֮󣬰ڷûҲûȼʲô˻ĥֻܽܽðƲô׷ŹԼÿնĻţ̻̲ա
գ׼ȥʱ򣬰ɳܽͣԭؿ¶һ⡣
£Ҫȥա
ȵȣ
ܽסƣ˷ɽһ˾ͷûӰˡ
㣬Ҫȥ
ܽӲͷƤʵƺ촽΢·ЦܽĶ£ιأ
ܸܲһȥ
֪ܽҪȥǡҪȥԼⲻ͸պ
ȥһ£˵档
ƶ˶٣ǰһϮһܽ۾ôȥô
Ҳסô
˻һƵ΢ЦߣܽҲֹͣˣ֪˵ֲٿڡĵؿ˰һֻۣǲ԰׵һ˿ɫ۽ǵķɺ죬ΪȾһ˿ȵɫʣĿͣĳʱ֮С
ⲻı飬Ϊʲô
漴ԳЦǱ龹Щۿĺ˼֪֡ΪΣܽţһƬԵĿǱƵȾһ
ãš
Σ㡣


16 
׹ڣޣɢ
ܽʮֺڣΪʲôҪһ׹ǵĻĽҰ⡣ɢ˹ǣһɸζ紵֮ʱޣɰܽŵüɢֻܽץסƵѰӻ
ģܽţ粽Уٲ־Ͱ㶪
գ֣ܽɴ粽ظڰ󣬻
һӲԶȴ̣ĻšĽһɺ˹֮䣬ԵøɭܽǵŽżţԼһСĲȵ˹ǣðߡ
Ȼų֦ҡΣŵܽһ˵Ƶı
ͣ½Ų̿סЦ⣺СˣҪξ㣿
ңҾĺ°Ҫʲô
ֻܽƸϽϽߣطĸоԣĻš
ǰЩݰ߱˴ʳ˵֣ܻʧ١
ѵĵظֻܽͣЩݰ鲻Ȼˡ
ЩʲôģҲ鲻ô
¾ȻҲҪλʦ棿
طн磬ǵҪ⿪Ҫһ£ֱұˡ
ܽ
ôĽ磬ѵͷʲôôԼڻȥĻü
ͼˡ
ܽ
ͼϵͳ⵽Σָﵽ30%⻹ǰڳ˵ֵ
ܽʲôһظĵ𣿡
ͼȰϷ
ܽ
ԣֱƿˣ
԰ղҲûƿʲôģǾֱӽˡ
ⶫ뱾ġ
ܽ
˵ĳһϤȶӿȼһɫĻ档
˻
ܽǽ˲ãǰз˻𣬺󡭡֪ʲôΧȫˡ˼ܽǾŰƣ˻Ȼ£ⶫẦ
˻ΧȶɢҲˡ
ôˣⶫθڻͦ
ܽһʵȰƲҪôƽ˵ôµĻ˵ġ
ⶫΪΪô

΢΢̧ף˻Ȼѳţڶĸ
ӲͼȤˣΪжãʲôΪ
һ㻰̫ࡣ
˻һܽǱԼֻǿ˸ͷĻʱЩ飬㲻˵ˡ
ֻǣͼȤɱôˣ̫̬ˣֱ񹲷ߣܽﲻޣȴܳʵˣֻӵظڰ
˻ɢ󣬱ɭĿҲů࣬ǵŵһ°׹ĺ
Ƕ𣿡
ڡ
Ʒ˷䣬˻䵽ϣЩ׹Ǳ͵ȶܽʡ
մĸоˡ
ǶñĽ뼤ŭˣϧˡ
ߣ׼뿪ī޴ƣɼŭ˱
㻹֪֮ͦġ
ΪҪŭ㣿
ţͷܽϴЦ⣬ֲмһ˵Цݣ°˵Ŀ־ͷŭΪʳģΪ˵ķŭ˵󲹡
ܽ
Ƹܽ߳׹ǵĻĽ˻͸Ǻ棬ԶܽɾԼıһƬģһҿԡ
ͷȥֻһƬ׹Ѿճɻң˻Ҳȫ£˻ظǡ
ǳСȥģֻǼ㿿СҲһ㶯ҲܲδƱСˡ

ܽسСڿȥһƬֵ֮⣬ȻӰ
ڴʱﴫܽоͷƤ飬һͷ˵ġ
ܿ죬ٲܽͰСȥӣʲôˣΣգȥ
û˵ɳСȥ۶δƹٲһۡ
ͷΣգȥ
ٲѾŻȥˣκμģϻͷɲŻͷ㱻һˡ
һ˲īɫĳ԰Ƶзɴܶ죬·ҪѡɳֱڵϣһһⲦȥֵ㱻˲ɢˡ

Ҳϻֻһŵٲ뿪ˣͷص֡
ʵ˽ɽһֱһֺ΢Ĺϵ˽緢ʲô޷£ɽͻ֡Ȼ˰߷Ϊˣ߶ٻ˼򵥽˵
ǿӲϺͺ˵ƣո£ùٲԤŤͷܡ
紵Ƶĺܽĺ£ɫʽɵؼ䣬Ŀɫʡ֮ʱܽǰһĻŵ϶ڰƵ˫ֽסƵҲ˲ϻ᲻ɱˡ
̫ˣ̫ˣôĶӢȾң
̧ۿȥֻĸĹײƯڿУһ͸쳣ɭС
ߣô
Ƶָ˹īɫĳصϣ׼֮ʱȴһϲ
̫ˣôڳֹײĵʱ򻹳ӭ׵
ܽסԼĶ䣬̲ס뿴ʲôͷӰƵ͵͵̽ȥֻһĽֵȻһ֧ӭ¶飬µӭ׶鶼ֽģ
δܽһֺ߳صĿ޺Ȼ˱ݵܿ죬һ֧Ķͳ˽ֵһͷӵľȻţͷ棬ý
⣬˫ɷⶫʲôͷ
û˵ֻ̧ۿ˿Ưŵĸײģŵ
ֻнӡһԲ󷨳ӭ׶£ЩﷴӦ󷨺һܳ棬ֱճɻҽȵĻᶼûС
ʱܽͷȥٲΪȥⲻãһ˶ˡ
û£ٲȴǱҰ˺ҧһƤûһǺõģôϡ
ƣƣ棡
£ܽҲ˲ˣֱ§סƵ֫ͷϡ
ֻҪҿЩ˺ң
ƻͷȥ⼸Ĺٲ˫ѻ۾ƣ¶µЦݡ
ʲô
Цһ߸ˡ
˵գһӣɳֱȡٲͷ­ǵͷǴϵ¡
Щʲô
ܽµֱţȴ֣ѧЩְˡ
ͦȤġ
һ֣һŻĻƷϸ׵֮С
˻


17 

ĳȻɵģ
̧ܽͷ˿ĸײģ̲ס˸ͷڰƵϣֻҪͲ¡
㱧û
ܽ
˵ûĻƻ᲻˦ɣ
ͼϵͳԼƲ⣬40%ļʡ
ˣҲܺͼףɿ˰ƣ˦ɵĻҲ֪᲻ᱻʲôӽײ
һŻƷɰдģֻƷԿȼգӳһӰĵӰӰĶȥ֮ȼһ𣬺ܿЩˡͱճ˻ҽ
ˣ
˫ɷʧĸײ£˵ˤڵϣײĸҲˤˡ

ܽڰнʬɣ
Ƕռ˵صʱ䲻ʬ
ЦЦҿ˿ܽûзֵ£Щ֮ѾĿɲĹҹ棬ꤵؿˣŹӡ
⵹鷳һЩ

ܽδӦһͬʱܽȥкü׳˶ֳǷ

ֻ֪ܽͰСˣʲôңͲӦýҵģ
Ǳīɫĳֳʮһ㳯Щȥһģɾ䡣ЩĹ˲ֱֱ׹£ûϢ
ңҪôӣҪôûôġ
ƺһӣīɫֻص˰ƵֱߣһŵܽһС
ôоҫԼһģ
Ҽ㡣
һͳŮ˷ܽ治߻ʲôֻܾؿΧ
ΪҲ֡
ֻЦĿ⻺תԼұߣǿյĽֵذ峱ʪŸղȼյĻҽ͸һɹϢ
ΪĻīһϸ¡
ǽֵϵˮ£ȻһΣһİСŮˣĿªҹ棬Ƥ԰ֽǻҵѪһ˫ɺɫģɭС
ÿ£
˵ĿתƵܽϣ΢΢üȻԾغһǷʲô˵˼ڣѹθôãԭ˯Ѳã벻˽羳ڻ©֮㡣
££ָŮΧͳ˺üԲε󷨣׼ں䡣ŮҲû뵽ƻǰ֪λò󷨣´ʧɫֻ޿ӣֻŬǰŮʲôɫ
ܿ죬ѿڶơ֣ˣô㣬ӣ
ܽ
ֶ˵ǷӣԼ˵ǷӲְɣ
ͼֲ֡
ŮҲͻȻ˺һը˹âѰΧסԲը飬Ȼһ֧ʸһơ
ŶҲˡ
ƻ£ܽƿܽΪпµײסԼͷֻһƺߣȻʲôײûС
͵͵һۣǰСŮ˾Ȼһס˲ӣɫļסֻš
ܽһסԼĲӣ⡭̫ˡ
ʲôʱ򣿵ʲôµ䣿˫壬ѣͻŮ˹Ȼգ
Σ
ͨ죬оһҪϢ
ǰ֮ǰ©֮㣬һСС帱ҲڱǰҰ
ǺָͻȻצӣŵܽϴһСģ߷Ҫ߰ƵʱȴԼǿðơ
赲ˡ
ƻͷһۣһ۾Щ⣬Щӡôһ˲䣬ֵצӱҪƵֱۣڴƤ˲䣬ǳĺɫָסžһӦѣ޷Ʒֺ
СӱһʣҲô
ƿЦ⻺գ忿ԼȻֵΣаǵʬƴô
ӣӣ
廹ȴЦøˣʲôЦһû뵽ԭ©֮㣬Ǳˣ
ܼס֣ҵģǰ֪֡
۽Ƿɺ죬ͫ׶΢Ϊīһϸ£
԰գֻܽоԼǰһƬѪ죬һƬѪԼǰ͸ĽϡѪһ㻬䣬ûǼǶѪ
ܽҪ¿ȥȴƴ˽磬һֻɾ̧°ֹͣҪȥͼŵجΣɲ𡣡
ƵմһѪƺЦҲֻ࣬лһ˿ɫʡ
ŮˡǷӡ
Ҳ
ܽΣֻܽŰƵ۵˿ɫ۵ףҲǻľ
ܽ۾գգۣһգۣҲϵѪˡ
˼ˣ߰ɡ
ƴܽתܽŷְϵѪҲûˣɾýֿ˿ˤڵϵĹײģ侲ĸײĵ⡣
ǸٲģǸͰƵġ
Ǹƣϧ˰ӣԼʵҲȫʬ³
ȻûпǼʬ壬˵ĶԻܽΪƻȫʬ
ƺΪʹ塣
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ѪɳɳҡΣ紵ʱ򻹰һζܽͥԺŲ裬̾һͦġ
ɱ˼󣬰㲻ˣܽһǵõŵؼް취ûⶫģֻðˡ
ֵˣҲпգʹ̵꿴˿вٷ䣬ɽƬֵҩҩһŵ

Ʒܣδ֪һǧֵôӣ
ȻäУ
ˣͼ϶Ҳ֪ʲô
ͼ㻹˽ҡ
ܽѲ˽⡣
ܽѾϰûʲô¶ʺͼҲһ֪һֻԼȥ̽
ѵõУܽóǸذ滰
һؿʶ˫̥ãССɽ׵ɼ壬һ̳СС֮У¶档
ʶҰһϣһȥһȥϤԽԽ󣬺Ϊ˱ӹ˶˵ɣΪ˷ŵţҲѸ
Ĺϵ˿ҲʮģֻǴûϹȴҲûϹιϵһֱǸա
䣬ɽ羭ССսۣɽӮ˲٣д߾ûгԹ̡֪ΪȾ񼲣λҽ޼£һɽֻ̳ڲ϶ȹ
ʱһֱ¶ССո¶ͷǣдԣĲʵСС¶ģõĳɾֻ͡˿֤ʵȻҶλССҲɽ˸ǲ֮򽻵
ȻǸ⡣


18 
˼ĽʿƻɱɽҲ˾ӣȥ·֮أ»©֮㡣
ƵǲЩ£û˸Ͳ֣·˽֮¾ûֵֵġֻܽһʱ󣬾ʵǲˣҪС
СȥڣڣѰ˺󣬱㿪żɽҪβܵõŵķ
䲻ʲô߼ķǸɵרķ⴫Ȼûеģ
˶٣ǸܽһӣкܶʽĻЩΪ˴ռʯǻķģȥ
ȥ
ԼҪôȥ⻹ðаư
ãˡ
ˣƳķ䣬ɴţպΣգֻܵһġ
ܽеĻɫķ䣬ʱЩжЩ¡ԼһʱգһˣɷǵɻֻҪãǸ˱ᡭ
ˣ׽㣬ջȥɣ
ѷܽŰɣֻС¡
ʢȭȭܽҲپܾض׽㣬ǳСġ
ţá
ܽ˵ʲôǷˣתСصɽϡջصþͥԺžƣˣѾͷܺã
㣬ֻϼ䡣
ܽӦһϷϣ˸ܻΪ˴ңܽҽκιϵ
ֻЦЦ𸴲ÿɷȻ˵
ܽɵߵǰֻƴһ񲻴ϴϴˡ
ܽ
ܲϴ
ͼⶫаŶ
ܽжٰ
ͼڵΪʮϴһˣҲ̤һ;ˡ
ܽ˱죬ʵǣԶһЩô
ʵǿ£Ҫÿһ綼ճɻһƫƫȥֻѵسű֮ࡣ
ܣҪԽԽС
ؾܾܽ󣬶ܽƺʲôᣬϵҹԹϴ裬ܴܲȥ
ȥ
㲻˵ʺһͬôȥŵķ
գЦһα鷳С
ôУ
ܽ棬ʼûʳֻǵǣôܸң
㵹Ҳ㱿
ҪӰõȻҪд۵ģܽҲŮ˵Ƣˡ
㣬Ҳʱˡ
ʲôʱ䣿
˵ܽЩ⣬ֻվֳܽһЩѾƵĲˡ
ƺһȻܽӣ
ˣܽ׹ֻǻӦԼֽűѾˡµЩ䵱ƱָĲʱǻ߳亹
ʱܽŵЩ
ۡ
ܽǽţЩģϧĸо
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Ƶָػܽգ˫ĵ˼⣬İܽˣֹͣһɾڴ˿̣ӵʹ֪Ƥ
ȵҺ˿ȥʪĴܽļϡ
ԣǡͷ

ܽҧԼֵȻزסһк
ꡭ
ƵϢܽĲϣմѪԣ۵ġ
ǲۣһģָоۻĥܽ˼룬ȫвˣƵĴԼ˿ϣĸйȫۼ
ĴƺϵؽʹţЩҲ֪ǲΪѪҺʧһΪѪҺʧ
ãָоûгãֱʱ򣬶ܽմһЩѪɫĴ΢ţʵô
ܽ˵ͷҡҡͷò԰׵ȴ˷ļ󣬰ƼţЦˣ
ǣûûУ
ܽԼܶˣϺ˼ȻסԼĲӡ˿ڻЩʹɲ֪ʲô˿ûѪˡ
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ϴһΣһЩˡ
תֱֱȥһ֮úˣԸŵķҲɴȥһʶ
ģ
ܽϲ⣬ֱǰƴ°û뵽Ŀɽһˡ
һܽԹſڣֻǸܵŷ͸⣬Щǰˡ
Ҫ˰ɣ
ͼϵڱ֮ãȴ֮⣿
ܽȥȥ𣡡
ܽһţ糱δüһ㱻һ˽ȥҲˡ
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Źˣһ¾ͱ˰ߣһץס󣺡Ӳ˵ġ
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ĺȡ
ܽʶҪѰƵȫȰƣ˼Ҳûѿ
㡭
ܽĺˣ̴Ƥ͸ŵֻ̬ư
ϲ
ƳܽԼǱϲܿѵģ
˵꣬Цŷſ֣ܽȴ˶ԭأܽתۿ¯ȼɫ棬𽥱ѣֱյԺˡ
תͷƣĨɫӰϤİǿŲʣֿڵƣ㡭
ڿܽϸضץס󣬸֪ǱϴʱüͷԽԽһ˿
ʼûӦҲ֪˶ãܽоԼҪˣǰһڣ˹ȥ
ڰУܽо帡ģһųƮںڰС֮к˵˵ģģģ
иŮ˵һΪԸҲԸһ
ܿ죬ܽ˹ǽȪŴƣʶرȥؿ˿ֻڱĿ
ûоʲôʣĵ׼ȥɲŶ˶Ʊ㿪˿ڣ㶯ô
ܽ϶סٶ˫סصңһҪݶã
û˵ܽҲûʡȻȪˮڱǰǾòס
ܽ
ǵһλ֣ܽܽëֱСʱ򱻰νȫһ¡
ǡ
ˣһ뷽跨뿪ɡ
ʱƵŻŤͷֻԼһܽĮĮ˿ɱ⡣
ôͻȻôʣңⲻɷϲôӵùģ
ܽܵɱ⣬ϲһ䣺ӡ
ôܲӣһӡ
˵ֻܽӱһȥȪߣһסǰ󣬰Ʋ԰׵ļͷЦŵ޷
ʬ壬Ҳֻ
Ӳġ


19 
ַ֪ܽʲô裬ͻȻܣȫ
ԡʱ򣬻ûͨΪͻȻ裬˸ȡԼĽ
عʱֻߣһǸµİ׹ǻȣǵģǸȡ˸а׹ǻȡ
ַڰƵ޷ǰһֻԼĲӣ˿ڻЩۣǹš
£
ң˵õķ
ܽЩӵӴ겻ҲҶǻһ
ͼô׳ҸУ
ܽƽ棬ÿζϱĵϵġ
ͼô˵Ҳû
ܽǰǰɡ
ڴʱƻƿţһ֣һƵ鼮֮С
лл
ܽ̾˳ϽȡϽ·ʱ򣬰Ƶȴܽ˸ա
ĪҪ𻵡
֪ˡ
ܽӦ£ǰûаݹֻʣǲģ߻ħˣҲ
˵꣬ð齻ܽܽӹ󣬰ƱϹţ漴һɹι㴵Ⱦܽһ
ȵȡ
ղŰԼС߻ħ˼
ͼڶҹ𣿡
ܾܽðǸ춹ĵˡ
ͼǲǺ˰ۣ
ܽһϴ˸ƺֹǵ죬ǻµİ׹ǣ浶ɱˡ
ޣħˣ
ܽϱؼܻԼС䣬ȷûз׷Ű
˭֪᲻з޳׷ؼȥ
ܽʱŷƵ鼮û뵽ؼÿüҳͼһֽȻǱʼǣ
ʼǵֽҲˣѾЩˣұʼд󻹻ửһЦ⿴ǰƻ£
ȵȣޣīǳţһǰƵδޣⱾīģ
ϸؿ˿ʼǣʱÿҪעϸڶдķȤ󻹻Ц˻Ǹˡ
īıʼǣɬѶҲü׶ֻܽڳʼ׶Ҫ˵ʺʶ̫ˡ
ͼɣһֵֵ߰
ܽһʲô
ܽʳ仰ʱ򶼾ԼǸˣһ׵뷨Ǹûκĵ
ͼһƾɵľֵ
ܽûǮô򣿡
ͼаơ
ܽҾɱҡ
ͼǽݸĺ취

ܽľǸɶõģ
ͼ֪
֮еĴ𰸣κͼнͣǸĺӣúܶ취򲻿ԭ˲Ŵó
ܽʲô
ͼ֪Ҫ겻ɵõ١
ܽ𾪣˼٣겻ɿ٣ⲻǿӵ
ܽ˵лл㡣
ͼ
ܽ
ܽˣҲϰˣͼϵͳġ
ܽؼɽ֮УҲˣǾȲˡ룬̲סó
һ˵ԲڴССȻչ¶ͷǣȺĴһֱûͣ˶ȻȴǲЩԵˣ޷սԴССһͬȥһͬ˲սۡ
廹ϸССʹβսлصĶսֱܽ񫡣ܽССʹĬĺܺãڳⷽ棬ϵرá
һϣܹף˫֮ȥʹ
ȻȴˣʮͻȻ
Ҷ˵ССɱġ
ܽһ˼룬СС͸Źĸо
󵨲²⣬ССǰƵĻ˵ɱġ͸ڵĴڣͷǳĻȣ˸
̫ˡ
ܽ˻ѻջɽ֮УȻΧ˿ȷûŰĲ١
գƳܽԲ󣬱ձȥϱǵա
ð
ܽϲʤû뵽ƻԼҲʡȥԼľһˡ
ű
ã
ܽȻҪŰƵģָŰƸǮǸľأ
ܽ󣬵һ˵ĳ򣬽ֵʮ֣̯Ҳܶ࣬ܽҪȥ
ǰĿбӵسǰȥܽҲߣֻܸԣһ˫۾
δô
Ƽܽʲôܺӣ֡ӷΪζֻⷲǶ¶ӣ
ǰֻСӺû档
ܽһ㱻ʬһƶĴӳģô˵ȻǺġ
û˵ֻҲûΪܽͣԼҪȥĵطǰСƴֵܽؽֵչСӣڿһûʵĴ¥
¥ǰǿտĴ֣вٴŹʵ߶ܽɽĵҲ߶
ǰƵһϮֻ̫ۣһ˫̫죬ܿע⵽ǡϹ밲һ۶ûиǾˡ
ܽ壬ҲϳԼʮظԼ˸кʱ򣬰Ƴ忴˹ȥŵ˼ٿܽ
Ƽˡ
ƵĿ䵽Ϲŵ壬Цһӵˡ
ܽһҿԣô˵ʵҲûƼռɽ֪Եһ塣
֪ܽǰǿ϶Եġ
ŵˣũȵ˵ȻҲŵˡΪŷǣŵ˼˰ƶܶԶ֮ܿϵòôá
ͼŷ츳ĵ֮һϴαô֣˵˸
ۣܽǽˣ
ͼ󰡣ǰƸûµġ
ܽɽǿԡ
Ƶʱպ볡ʱ䣬Сſߣÿ˶ˣϲܽ
ΪҪߣ
ܽǸƽƽİߣҿʲôرѵμӸỹʲôжɣ
ͼ
ֻǰܽһۣȻߣܽƵķκòģұø·һͨ
⡭
ײа˰ɣ
ְܽеȡȻϣܽҲһƽƽˡ
ܽ˿ȥЩ˵òͷθڵİƼһϲ˭˭Ҳߵˡ
ΪߵİȫϾֹ˽ǿɽҲСͷѱߣճ᳡ͱɱԽ᳡Ҳá
ܽŰƽȥùһƺ󣬱һľšܽǵʱ𣬺ܹǰһƬڰһɲһ¥İ
ľͷһԲεĴ󴰿ڣԿĸ̨
Ŀ⵽תת᳡һ¥¥¥ǰᣬһ¥ɢɢ˺һЩˣЩͨͻ
ճţضѪ
˹ܽһͬ⡣
ΪΣ
ܽ˸ѵҲûô
һ൱֡
ЦһЦ͸ŶսѪĿһֻɱ¾ķӡ
Ҳ뿴ⳡϷ


20 
İŶӣͷ˹Ŷһȥܹͨ˼ҳһˡ
ǾͲ¹Ŷ͵
ܽԼ̰ƵȻֺʣղ˵һر֣ʲô
ܽԼˣҪһ˳һŶȻѧС£ڷֵ
Ѫ
Ѫʲô𣿡
ѪͺܸߴϣֻҲ֪ʲôôưܽһۣ̫ͣ˵ȥҩɷãǲɶõĲϣѵһ
ҲΪѪ
ѹְƴ󷢴ȱˣԭԼĵĶ
ǡ
Цһⶫڱ˵ãΪǼƷι㡣
ܽȻ򣬲ֺˣͼ˵ιʹͷɵãѵˣ
һֱŵζ
ܽû˵ڴߣԲεĴڿȥҶڴˣܸовƵĿ⳯ǿ
͵͵˰һۣ︹ţ˲ҪˣҲ֪һ᲻޶˵ĶС
ܿ죬Ϳʼˣһ欵Ůվڸ̨룬˵ſף˶ʮֿģȻŽܽصһƷ
һƿҩ˵мõЧĺŰƷʯˡ
ܽ¶ƶĿ⣬һƷ򣬽Ļˣ
Ǹ欵Ůӽ˵ڶƷһϾɵľӡ
ūҲ˵ͷʲôԭ˺ܶ෽û취ͷпֻʲôûУسĹǿ϶֪עһĲһƷʯۡ
ҶϲĲܽҲ˲߶ʮһ;˷ϵӡ
ƷʯҪӼ۵𣿡
Ů˵һܽź֪ظܵ˺Ŀ⡣ϷӣӵؿƣңҾǺӣشǬ
Ϊλ˾ã
ֱֱ
ֲܽһ䣺ֱһֱ׼ģ
㲻׼ⲻкͼ
ͼ
ñ᲻ɱ㣿
һɱ⣬ܽͷ߳亹ңԺţǮ
㣿
ƲмЦһޣҲꡣ
ܽ򴽣񣬷򵹿٣ǿ̫ӵˣ
Ʒʯ
ŮֺһܽתۿȥһֱеЩ˺ļۣǶŰˡ
㣬ʲôԸ
ܽƣƵ۽漴˷Ц⣬°ƲӦ˵һ䣺ľӣĺҪ
ƴ΢΢𣬹һĨ㲻ЦЦݣȻӡ
İƷʯ
ƷӺ󣬳
ûа
ܽطţֵƾֱֵֺز
Ʒʯ
ܽŤͷȥǶŰˡʱҲ˹ȥֻƳһۣ۵һ˿Ϊ֪ĺ
ֱҡ
һξӣŮ˺һǧƷʯ
£ûٸˣŮ˺һǧƷʯľӱ䵽ܽϡ
лл㡣
ܽһΪԼرֵ˶еҡֻ⼸ͬڰԼˣһǧƷʯǻĵ϶塣
͵һĲӮӮˡ
ƸԼ˱裬һںŴ⡣ܽ²װƵ˼ľбȻǺ£ûУԼҲǷ˰һʾ޿ȥôҲ
ȻԼ̤һ;ôƾ͸Ӳˡ
ƷʯѼƷιѪǱŰðʮƷʯļ۸
ʮֱǺԡ
뿪ʱܽЩ˵ģҪôǶŷңҪô°ƼңҪôǸҡ
뿪֮󣬰Ʋû̻ȥţǴܽ˳¥ӰĴ̷羰
羰𣿡
Ϸ
ܽ
ܽЩ⣬ɺܿˣԭʦܡƣкʧڣòǰҾμǰ
õͷ忴˫ݺύ˺ۺ󣬲ͫҲˡ
Ƽҵǳһӵģ֪һϷ
ջЦŵǰˣҲĦĦŷҵı졣
ܽ˵Ľ̸ҲڷӦˡղŰƾ˵ͻѪղѪǱŷߵġ˳ǣЩҪɱԽ߾ͻˡ
ܿ죬ǾͿԶը˻⣬һ¼Ҫضɽҡм˴Ũ𣬳¥ÿԿһʿǰͽϴʿĻ
ԼĪʮҲϢ䣬ɱŨأǰΧ죬Ҳǵһθֹˡ
벻ʬɵˡ
˵һ䣬оܽͶĺĿ˵ȥʵǸܽ͡
ʬ͹ɰ
ϴܽ˵òйײĹʲôİɣôµĶôˣ
Ĺóۡ
һƺʮֲмֵǼģҪ
ܽӣƵ߿˿ǶŵǧҪͺá
ҲǧҪʲôµĶɹ
ʱּʬɵڰٻײģײĸǴ򿪺󣬱м߸ɱʬ̤նЩʬϲһȦȦƲƲϻŻɬķ䣬ž˾ò
ܽץסƵ䣬Щʬɹһŵԭȥ
ʬаţ˵ǵʦ滹ɽ
˵ͻȻס죬ЩεؿƣֻЦô˵ȥ
εظЦ˼ǷɽǱǰ
ֵһᣬֵһᡣ
˰֣ǷУʵúܺã˾òϡ
ܽŶ˵ĶԻȻ廹ͦģܸƺú˵ϼ仰֮٣Ǹ⡣
ƲûлӦ壬Ťͷܽѧô
룡
ܽնػشԲҪѧⶫ̫ˣ
ѧҲ㡣
ЦܽµһСɷ׵ģͻȻʲô£ջ֮۵һ˿
ʱŷҵ˸ʬһ𣬼Ǹʬ̹âܽ²Щʬ϶о綾ֻŷҵҲʡ͵ĵƣưĽֱЩʬ̵
Ȼɱ󣬿ŷҵĳϰ
岻֪ʲôʱóһȣһŷ磬һ߿ڳǽϿ
ɱҡͷ̾Ϣʬɱذܡ
䣬ǽƾ֮ͻ˸ʬֱʬ֮ɱȥЩ˾㼰ʱ˷ȴҲסɱС
ϢѾ̵ǧٿףֱȥ
벻ôͽˡ
尵Ը̾ϾԷҪĵѪҲѹֻɳʵǿĳϻ
δ
˵ܽľŴ򿪵֨ѽͬʱһϮǿҵܽڷͷƤ顣ʦҲ˹ɫ󾪣˼
Ϸڲſʼ


21 
Ϸڲſʼ
Ƶ͵ЦһЦдһ˿ζܽ˲뵽˵սʱҲսѪ
ȻܽϮ֮޷˼֮ǰ£ܵغµûӲһͷȥֻ֨ѽľƿ֮ԽԽˡ
һͳ޺ĺűǳصĽŲżĽĦŵ滺һ

ܽŰƵ䣬ܾñʲô˵ĶԼҪʱ򣬰ȴһѰת˹ȥǿһ֮

ˣҪˣһˣ
ܽҪץסƣҲ֪Լʲôƶܹ֮Ͷá
ǰһϾɵĹײģײĸѾ򿪣һ߼׸ߵĽʬվڹײǰһ˫ɺ۾ǰĶͷһдĻƷϴŵİҲ˺ɫ䣬ͽ󶼲ż
ƤϣϻŰëָ׺ͽָϺɫģ;綾ޱȣŵܽιȥ
һԵʦϺ˼ŵɫ󾪣Ҫܽȴһ仰˵
ûǸʱԿơ
ɣɽ
亹ֱǵʬǾ߱ɱ˵ķɽû뵽ƾͨĴ棬ɽΪã̫ˡ
ܿ£
ƼܽµÿӣʮֲЦͦģ룬ǰƳɽʬԺǲҲֻĻˣ
ҪҲҪɽʬ
ܽſˣ۵߶˵ţҲҪֳ
ͼԭ˼ҳ𣿡
ƴǹ񫣬ܽˣͲ׽Ūסܽ۾ԺҪЩ
˵󣬰̧Ǿ߷ɽȥɱˣȡѪ
Ƿɽָ˲˳ȥŷˣѸջŵüɢ
ô˵ĵ˲䷢ţһʱ֮ҲǣҲǡʱܽѾܶˣȻڰϣرסҲҪ佩ʬأ
ܽĺ¼ˣôؿһ߽ʬסˣﶼӢ˵סʬͿԼ
ֻҪһܽ˭֪˵СȻ޵һˮģ䵽ԼϣҲɱһǧ˰ˡ
屾룬ȴƽסƼҵĴˣߵˣ
ʦܶס˽Ųһʱ֮亹䤱ֻɱϮֻȥֿܼ᲻ʸСתͷȥֻŷҵѾǷɽʶģ״ֲ¸ò
ŷҵ˱ʬɵ͵Ϯڷţް٣
ʱܽҲ侲ô˵һƬңȻŤͷԶŷҵǻѪشµ¡
ơ벶ȸںɱԽһڶǡ
㵹ҲĴ
һ˫壬ֳŷɽУǷɽһ˻ܽŵöڰ󣬴̽¶һ˫峺Ǹߴҳѹȸеķɽ
ɫƤɺ۾ֶܽ˻ȥƽӹɽǸװѪСƿӣȻݷɽصײ
Բɱ㡣
ƿ壬ʱɽ߻عײļڵͷƤ顣ɽصײĺ󣬹ײĸһϣײ漴һ޵ĿռʧΧ֮ʧ
Ķ಻ֹˣɱ벻ɱȫƾ飬֪ʲôʲôĪҪŭ˱ǡ
֪
ϳŰҾ̧ͷȥƵҲһθоλɱȻЩܽڰߣֳϦӣѰ
ɡ
⣬Լʦ뿪˳¥ܽʱڲץסƵ
㣬㲻˵ҪѪô
ʱˡ
Ťͷղŷҵ˵µĵطЦԣǲк³ġ
˵꣬Ѿۣ̤Ϸۺ󣬱׼̤Ϲ;
һ·ϣܽûŷʲôʱ˰ƣɺܿˡ
ŸԼǸľӣ
ǰɣŮ˾ȻΪɱô
ɱԽһʶȡģ˵֮Ϊ˭ţ
ȻôһˣĽ־Ȼѳ
ôܣ
**
ĵľӺֵܽһоŰֵǿֵĵֻһֵˡ
вȥŷҲμɥߵ˵ҪʬΪƽء
ֻ˵ˣʬɵĸݵһֱڸı䣬ҵӲᶼۼһҪײǸܣ˵Ҳֻһܿŭˡ
ʬɽַ˱øˣ˵װ׸ŷҵæŷմһϵ˵ܷɻڴˡֻŷҽ£ԪˣҲûǰǰĿ˵棬һЩȥɴùϵǸ߰ͷ­
Ҳ˵ˣûаѵ֮˵ȥǸһֱû˵СʦҲûУǵҲʱסˡ
Ҳʬɵ£ɵ࣬еΪ˽һ£еΪа֮£æµúܡ
£Ĳݵӳ߲Ӱܽ£Żַû˯Ȼſʯ˯ˡ
ǡķﶬߣֱǸ˯ĺ
ܽҪ˯ȥȴͼˣ˯˱˯ˣҪǵ
ܽŵһ飬ұѵǲ㻹û˵񣡡
ͼ⡭ҸˣСȥɽѰҲһھߣɹֵ
ܽһڣڲøƽˣ˯ȥɣ
ͼУʱǽʱ֮ǰȻҪֵ
ܽ±ŵôôϣ
ͼңⲻ˸ǰӦøġ
ܽʵɱҾֱ˵ôػأ
ͼ
ܽҲ˲Ͽ·ҷˣһСۣȻ
ߣȥھߡ
~
С⣬һ˫ԲĴ۾ܽһ
ôˣûкھ𣿡
ܽĪСɻֻС˼ܽʱЩѡ
ھߡȻôѸ㣿
С²⣬ɽȷкھߣھһҲ¶棬Ҫҵס
ڴѾˣϲţǷСмܲסҲСȥɽϹԭ򣬱ϾÿÿĹء
ȻҾ֪ͼɱҺܾˡ
ܽСԴת뵽һ֮ضİ취ֻһʮΣյĶĲˡҲ֪Լ˻ôΨһڽ֮ǰİ취
СССһϷɣ
~
Сһֻ䣬ܽߵ˵˼仰
~
СŶ䣬ǵؿܽȴܽģֻҪܵù죬Ҿܻ
㣡
ǺͿϵͳöˣ
ͼ


22 
ɽķ΢ģķǴһ˿ӵ㣬ɫ֮£Ĵ̶
ܽСϣ̧ͷǸ߹ҵɫ£һ߰ɣС
ܽһر׳УץסСɫëӭ糯źɽȥܽĶߺʱʱᱻӲݹιǼ䶼ּζ
ɽûӣûӵζԽ룬Խŵһȳζܽʮֲǰһ㱡ǰ·˷
СҲоԾ˽ŲؿΧܽץסСëֽ˽ʵСҪҡ
ֻ΢¹͸ܽһʱȥӦڰȻǰıڱԼߣû취Χ¡
ΪԸÿ־塣
СͺһӦ£Ȼ˶ӣƺ̽˵λáڰ֮УȻ˲ݴɳɳʲôϵصĺŵܽס˺
ֻҪǹǿһ£ǡҲÿֲ
ܽӣСֻžԼȫһЩ
˻˻
ˣ
СķӦܿ죬ֻұת˹ȥȻһһ˳ȥֱըһĺ漴ʲôΧɨ䣬һζ
⶯Ƹò˰ɣ
ʱһ޴ĺɫͷ­ͷĺɫʯţɺ۾Ӹµؿһһ£΢ɫ֮£ǺɫƬݷ⡣
ǳʲôģΪʲôôһߣһܰԼС̽ȥɣ
Сܣ
ܽ£СϰȾܣǺھȻŭˣں׷ᡣȻܽоһǿҵȳζϮСһǿٵƫԭĹ
һ̲ϺɫճҺСԭܵĵϣ̱ǵȳζζܽһŻµǣǺɫճҺմĵطʼڻð̡
ҿ綾
ܽҿԵزൽһߣ±Сܵúܿ죬ЩӲˢˢˢعιܽĽŲӣ񱻱޴һۡ
˻˻
һתƣܽһ̲ճĺɫҺڸղСܵλãѾһ亹ֻƸϽĶҲСصԺ
Ǻھߵٶȼ죬ܽоͷȥʱǺھſѪҪСҧǼǰԽԽȳζԽԽŨأܽҪֹͣһ㣬ʧȥѪɫ
ܽ죬ۼѾҪԼˣȻһº͵ĽԼɽһŻƷɳһѪڵǰһӡ
ھײǷ֣һͷ­ȥҲӦѡ
䣿
ˣ͸ģû뵽ʱܾһǾ˴ˡ
СźھЩεĿ϶ȾܣڴʱһϮâǵķХ˵һ죡
ƣ
ܽͷȥǺâѾԳԭͣһϮµİƳһ˫ƯڿУѾ䵽˺ھߵüĵţû֡
СһͣһɳܽŰƵıӰȥֻȻڰǰСѡ
ԣ֮һǿ磬٣˭Ҷ

תͷܽɫĮĮȴ쳣鷳
īɫĳھߵĶͷֻһâھߵ͸ϵ綼âչһھʹһ޴ȥڵϷţһɳҲһضɽҡ
ջس£һܽС
ˣˣڵİƱǺھ߻Ҫ¡
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ܽδǺ︹̣ǰٱɣզʲôС
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23 
΢͸ŷ촵Сſ˯ܽ䣬ʶӡֻһᱳʹӶʹ¿ɰʹˡ
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Ƶĺ˻ĺӳҲһŻʱһܽҲðƽУԾߵƵߣʡð˵һûģԼŤΪˡ
ܽĺˮֱֽЩоԼĺͱոˣ̧ͷ˿ƣ̣ûסҾҳŲһӡ
סŵ˵Ļһͻɺܶࡣ
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Ĳĥѡ
ǵ


24 
֪ܽԼʲôʱιȥģڸ˵ֻѾ˵ʲôˣֻһ˵ȡ
ǵԼ˶ãֻǵ˵ǿյģֻؿŰƵһϮ£Ψһľ۽㡣ܽôιȥģԼҲ֪
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á


25 
ܽȥһƧ˵ĵطС򽻸Ϊչһ
˸ָΧһСС͸ĻܽȻܿͲԼˡ
һϢҪǰ
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ϣֿסܽĺףȥĲϣǼȵ
´ΣĪҪôࡣ


26 
͸Ʋ£յı˸ɾˣȺطɹ°Сˮ
̧ܽͷǰľЩɣɲӼʹرѡ˵Ĵң˿ڴѪҺĴôȣǷ˻ҪԼոɡ
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27 
ҹɫŨĹ׹紵ХСܽ±ʲôµĶһ
ʱԼԺ˯Ҳ֪ʲôʱˣһ䱸ؿŷӣ˫Ҳð˺ɫƬ
ǰǿðʮƷʯѪ
ŷǻˣ֪Ұƿ϶ĥѣ˭ڼλܵͣʱԱ֣ȡüεĻᡣ
ЦѾŷǺŷ޵࣬ѹȸд͸ŷ޴ʱʶԣҲûһɽʦ漶ǰԥضǳ֡
ǰҪʲô
ɲ˵ʱһɫĿռ֡ܽϵϢǾ߷ɽһϾɵĹײĳ֣ײϻ˺üŻƷɰķ临ӷǳǷӡסһǳĶ
ܽ˵󣬻֮УȻʶһ¡
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˵λɱƢ׽ǰīʦܹƵסǺаԵҲ˿ɹˡ
Ʋû˵ֻЦǳǳһھƣȻƵض˶Լʳָ
ֻŷһߵĹͻȻϨһŵսζֻǻδȴҷӦǵ˲仯ҽͬʱһҽһгŷ޴ȥ
̫ٶ̫죬ŷҪ̧ȥȴֹһٶȡ

ܽһҽУŵͨͨ÷ɿ졣ŷ۽ѪҺǷɺĻܽһ˵̫Ѫˡ
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תŷͷҪСôػԵãʱĪֱ顣

˵ŷϴŷ뿪˵ѹԵʵӿ²ǼвܽġƲһֱ޵У۶Ը˵ķеǣֲǴδζȭͷֱǷڽԹ
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ܽһȻͰӮˡһǧƷʯѪ˻ִŷһƷʯ¶˵ȥܴһˡ
𣿡
á
ŤͷܽϲеܽյƵĿ⣬㶣
ôҪƤ⣬ͷ궼ܽЩӣԾغһ
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Ϊʲô
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ѡ
ֿסܽĺӣ΢΢ֵΪʲô
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ͫüͷûٶܽʲôɿܽ
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δʧܽҪǰ䣬־Լ˵ʲôǶģĬĬ˳ȥ
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Ǹϣ֪Ժ˶ãҲ֪֮Ѫ˵ʲô壬̫ˡ
ܽһǷǳȷġ
һкܶ޷ʹ


28 
ǵӽ棬ܽǿдšĵã׼ʱ򣬺ͿͻȻһ
Լûôˣ
ͼڲŶⶫҪ𼶱Ļз
ܽüͷҪ򵰵ĳ嶯ѹ£ʵʲô
ͼĻֳ֣ɻ𡢺ܶ࣬һⶫҩģ˺٣˵ˡ
ôһܽȻðĺ·Լһ־С
ˣȲȲ
ܽʲô𣿡
ͼЩƷƷͼƷɰɣⶫͷûұҲ𣬵ʹķͨһ
ѵúͿͿֵܽ¶ʮżƷƷһֵһСеļƷɰ
ͼٸһ໭ŷ
̫ܽнˡ
ͼôڿҶоң
ܽ
ܽͼƽϣ黹׼ȥ࣬û뵽յİһԺ£԰׵Ƥϣ䵽ϸѩһĿ
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ܽȥԼ֮󣬱׼Խ˪֡Щ˻аԼĻȥģ˪һ˶ûС
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29 
Ϊôī
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ܽһһССԺﴫӶŰֽҲ˲ֽֽٰϻ˺öȴֵͼƽճԷд֣ܽҪӵһϰǿǾ󾢺ǲҲ̶õ֣ʵ޷ȥ
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ܽߵץסֽ֣дһ顮֡

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ܽǵմǻ޹֮Ǹˣ㿡ôͱһŮˣ
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˵ֻܽӦһͷšЩԽܣ欵Ů˱׳Ľ
ַܽ˼ҳǴǱ̼ˣû˿˼ջɽ
Ǹīһ鶼ûô
ܽǵûβսѱ󽻸Է֮սȫζԷΪڵǴӰԼīһꣿ
û꣬ΪҪīղ
еĻҲǻޡ
ܽס˺ܾԼһʵ⣬ٿƣȥǰ졣
ޣϵˣΪҪ᣿
ȻᣬΪҪף
ʱܽоһ쬵ķϮʶؿƣ˿Լ۵͸һ˿׵ĺ
ҵүīͺīʲô
ңҲģԲ𡣡
ܽϵǸǰȴֹסܽ
ܽ
ҳеīҲҵĴ
תȥĪҪű
Ŷ
ܽתȥšֻǱŰƵܾܽâڱоɱ˵ĿԼϣôôڡ
򻨹ܿ͵ˣǱʻΧĹҡ򻨹ůʺϻҲʻʳƣҩƷһ󾭼Դ
ȻǺͼܽġ
ƴܽ򻨹ľǰٻǣ٣ÿ˿ƣҲ֪Ҫɱʲôˡ
㣬Ҫɱʲôˣ
֪
һ仰ܽҭסһ仰ܽǺ˻ʹһ֪Ҫɱ˭ˡ
ǹ
ܽ˹ˣһΰôû˵ŵĵǾҷˣ
š
Σô
֪
ƴøɴ࣬ܽ۵׵ɻ󣬴󷢴ȱظԭ򣺡Щҷܶ඼ˣû㹻ҩβˣֲñˡ
Ŷ~ԭԼµĺѹûһӵͱԹ
ǣҪôȥʹ
ܽסЦŬѻ·ԼЦˡ
Ž

˵ɽһˣǴŴҡڵؽʹҲǿԵģ
ýɱˣʡʱ䡣
˵ܽһȻðûпǷɣо֮Ⱑ
ңƵôʱʲô
ڽֵϣȻЩ㱣ųĽֵģ
һɡԼͷϣסĴĻ꣬ԼѰ
ǵõԼֻ˵֡
ǻ


30 
ɫƮڿУͷϼϣ򻨹ķ羰ϰΪΪƮɵĻš
ƺҲȥʹ·ϻȥơ϶ܽȥߵֵĽֵϣҵһ̯ӣʵ壬û滨֣
滨֣
ǴͷףѾͣо֪ӦģԸղܽѾסˡ
ⶫû
ܽһ⣬ͼȻ򵥣ҵ
ΪΣ
滨Ҳүү˵ģܾúܾ֮ǰǶһ޶ĻĻ֪ôĻﱻˡ
ˣ
Ƕ֮ǰ£
֪ˣүүҲ̫ү˵ġ
ܽ
Ƕ֮ǰ°
ô֮ǰѾû˵Ļ֣Լôҳأ
ûˣǻʹ˵УϾʹûе챦
⻰˵Ҳûôȥʹ̽һ̽滨ֵˡǴҲôԼܾܿͻʧˣоûʲô¶
лܽصſڣðҲû˵ֻŽֵľͷȥĻܶ࣬ܽԼͷϺͼģ˱Щˡ
ʱһӰԼͷϣ֪ʱѾȡһֽɡڶ֮䣬ס˷Ļꡣ
㷽Ѱʲô
ܽһʱҭΪûз֣û뵽ǷԼо
滨֡
ˣٿͣ˽ŲܽҲͣ˽ŲؿŰơ˵ɫ˱䣬ЩŭϣܽȴΪҪŭ
ΪҪѰ滨֣
Ťͷ˫ܽ
ҸղǸ壬˵Ļ滨Ŵӻȥ֡
û˵ܽȴԽԽģҪһ
Ȼأ
Ȼʲô
ҹ֪ͼû˵
ǡÿнգҶ㻨
ƴʱ˵ˣĵЩ̧żߣɫĻԲ߷ɵĺɫϣճסֹܽȥҪĵðƵ̧˵ָഥܽһ飬ϰ˻ȥ
Ҳǰֵ̧ĶϵĻҲ֮䣬ֻǶڸոյĽӴûἰҲû˵
ʳǰɭϣѲߵĶȥȥʲô춯һᱻ֡
ֻƳһֽɡߵǰƻ£һ˫ţͨˣһص˵Ȳﶺ
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⶯ꪶŰƣǰɴݵվԭأָûжһ¡
ܽƵ䣬ôʹôǲõġ
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û˵Ѿ˵һΣͲ˵ڶΣʱܽϷӦģ
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ǸͷҲȰ˽ðƽȥƽȥ֮ͷʹżںţԷʲôӡҲɵǣȻʹ·ѭȥѰš
ܽüȣ߹Уһгǰ
ʦǻ۵ĵط롣
ͷߵǰסûֻǶǽյĴţЦţãã
⣿
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˼ǣ˿ܾǴӻʵۣ
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ִƵдֻһԵ̲ܽסƣƺôﲻҪ֡
ƽյܽüͷ΢΢ֻ˵Ķԣδֹڴˣɱˣô±ӱˡ
ΪҲûд
ʵЦЦ±ʣȻͷǶдĵ۹ժ಻ˣôమ֮ߵͷ
֣Ƕ۹ڣ۵׽᣺ѾˣҲøԼˡ
ЦһƺԹŮʮֲмһֱעܽȴ۵һ˿롣
ʵվܽɫ۰ͦǰ
޻ڡ
ؿŻʵۣվܽӦֻ̹һؿڴοѪɫ
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ƴܽ뿪̲ܽסͷ࿴˼ǸŮˣ߻صǰǵ۹ڱڻȻƽر۾
ϵѪӡԽԽ󣬾һĻ
鲻֪ΪЩѹڳǳŲ
⣡ûʳ滨ֵ䣡


31 
յã䵽ǽ֮ϣҪﱻ꣬һߡ
ƺܽճţһŵ۵˹󻹸һȺ˰ƺܽĿ¶⣬Цʵʦǽ
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˲Ӧ𣬹ʦֵֹʦ֣γѣ˳ŵʯλʦܽȥرѡҪıꡣ
ˣƲŵ·
ǡ
ʦ̧ۿղǸͷ죬ʾϽȥһ̽ƺܽǸǸЦĹʦرȥ
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ȻһʦλôλջʵϵˮôҲϴˡ
ʦǴȣﲻͣЪҲû˵ܽѾʼͷˡ
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ĵ˵һǹʦĻǹʦ㶣еʦڣ򻨹ѡ
ֻЦһû˵ҲǲƵǸʦס죬ܽҲڵ徲
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ֻǲ԰׵ִڹʦļϣ񣬲񡣡
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ۣǸʦҲ߯
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ܽסԼ࣬÷ɿ죬߳亹һο⣬ԺһؽԼӵĻ档ԼӵģΪηҪԼ
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Լõˣնúô
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ˣ
˹ʵҶʦģ

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ܽתӣСӻɽϣӰ˶ջԺӣƾʹӷˡ
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ܾܲȾ׽㣿
ΪҪ
䲻֪෢ʲôǰƿɲ¡
Ϊҡ
ܽԽ˵ԽСǰƻˡܸоܽڵ̫ԾʵΪΪ㣿
ҾǸɨǣ˭Һ˭ҪңҲġ
ܽסԼȻͺ޳ΪĽҲûˣΪԼĿʼһµ˸Ǹ˵ɨǡ
һֱܽ˿޵滨ģ񲻽ģ˼ʲôҪ£۵׵˲Ϊ֪ı롣
ԭˡ
Ƶһ䣬˼Գ
˵Ҫ


32 
˵Ҫ
ֹȥָ⼸Ҫܽʪ۽ǣֻȴ̽ȥסܽĺ󾱣ʵܸʲô
ʵܽϧÿһˣȴʮֺ±ѾزҪ⣬ֻ˽زԼΡ
˵ʲôҶӦ㡣
ǲϲֿջģڵܸܽԼʲôأ
ɿܽܽһͬȥڡһ·ϣܽǻл㱵ģҲܻԺԼǲǲѰˣ
ֻҪ־룬ܰȫ
Ƶ˼ú˶ÿ˵ͷæòɿĳҲžȡ
˭뵽ƻǰأ
ƿһϢˣͷһۣܽûиŽһ˲Ƶüͷ˲ö֪
ƻɱˣ˷治̫УֻҪҳ˵ԭôа취˾Ȼ
һ仰û˵ֻ࣬ҲΪÿ˵ǰȾѪɫ԰ֽ٣Ǹ֮ˡߣҲǲʱ죬¾ȻΪҲ÷ˣ֫Ҳ̱
ֶΣһˡһֻ
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Ƹʣ˵ģ
ʱһӣǸӲγѰǰһʦĻڶ֡
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뿪˼ãҵܽԶʯϣ˫ֱϥһ˫ãؿǰҪȰǸоܽ˵ֻվܽ߹߿
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Щûʲôá
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ã
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ΪԸң
ܽĿⲻԾ䵽ƵĴϣ˾ƣĴȾˮ󣬺ʢõһԸеĴȴ˵̱Ļ֡
ˡ
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ɽϴɫɣѪԺҡҷţһ紵öɳɳԺӣ
ܽһ׼ãϸϸԼûд©ҹϳļų˵ͦķģԼֲ࣬ģžѾľˣ۵ſ˯ŵġ
Լָÿ죬ûʱһúܲҵķʽԼѹ
˷ۺܽûסʣֵʲô֣
׹
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ܽͻȻһ£ƺ˵ôˡ
ңҡ
˵꣬ܽԼĴȣȻεЦһƲۡ
ڵ˶֣ͨûͬʪΧһݵζΨһһģﳣз紵дһ˿ζһЩɧζ֮š
Ƶ֮ҲϻֱӼ㣬ǰһָѸǰȥ֮Դݿ֮ƴݻ١۶׳ɶϣ¡¡ǰ£һضɽҡһ
ܽһƷ·ҪеĻɱ˵ġ
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ҪҪ׷ȥ
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ڴʱһӰ˹ܽ϶ڰǵӰҲͣ£һòŮӵģʱҲ˵һ˻ŮӲ㣬㿪˽Ľâ
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Ůϲ޾ɫ⵹ܽЩ⣬ΪϰƵһ㶼µȥ
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Ů˫⣬ŰƵʱ޲öҪɵĻˣܽŶ̲ס˸
ūҵĵ̣һûУƣԸ
գֻʵ׹Ůʲôϵ
Ů㶣Цݽߣô֪
ΪǱɱġ


33 
ΪǱɱġ
ƼŮиŭ⣬ʱЦݶ˼˿񣺡ΣҪɱ˱
ܽ˽ţڰɪɪӣжܽ񾭽ţ̲סż⣬Ҫܿʲôʮ׹ԵѶΧס
ǰ׹ǾһĩšһţһѶͷ
ܽˣû뵽ͷӵһŰΧס޿ӡ
ӣԣƻ
׹㵹м͡
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ǰ׹Ƿ촷ƮĴֻۣܽƼйȻһ촷ۺǹͷɢɢһء
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ǴһĨЦ⣬̹һзɳֱŮӵüġ
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Īֵɱ֮ʱܾģԭԼһػĹǺΪ㡣
Ʒ˷䣬Ȼ͸öزأһӡ
Գ֣Ǳʰδʰõ̯ӡ
󷨷˵ĺâŮȴǺЦΪǰ׹ôô
üͷһͷܽ˳ӣڴںţɫвһĳ졣
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ૣʱǸˣҲӵġ
§סܽӦ˻ȥǼҪ˲ԼЩʲôһ
ʱĻϯأһжҪˮɣǸȴƿԼ˵ԡ
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һΣֵԼ˵ˡƴɽóһŵҩ˳ָᲦܽĴѵҩ˽ȥĩˣܽƵָƵڴ˿Ⱦ˼Ũصɫ
ˡ
ƳԼָĨܽԼҧƵĴֻܾܾ㣬㲻ܾܾҡ
ܽƶǶؿŰƣҩֱֱ˰ƵĻ§סܽ޲ðڻУ侲ܽ¡
Ż˯ȥˣ̲ס̧ԼĴ
Ǹһ˿Ц⣬΢紵ƴЩ⣬С
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֮ʲôɺǵԼһֱŰƵ֡
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ܽͿղŷʲôˣ
ͼҲ֪жҵϵͳҲ˻ңʲôˡ
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ƴһ˿õĿ⿴ܾܽܽڷ˻Ļ֮УƵЩ
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ƺؿܾ֪ܽһЩ֪¡
ϴҲȥǸϲ˵ġ
գջɻ滨Ҫ쳾ǰʲôܣ֪ж٣㲻֪ˡ
Ȼܽô˵Ҳ
쳾ѰѰɡ
á
漴ֱۼɫ˼ֺɫӣӦòʲô鷳ܽϣԾԼĴ
ܾøղǶμӦúҪԼôͶƬء
գ΢΢ʱŷֲԶƬսԲΣǸ׹֮ˡ
ѵ鲻ԼѰ쳾ܽĻҲһЩǸ׹Ůǽ壿
ţֻΪѲЩʱղŰɱ
ΪΣ
԰ƵʵǲǶָܰ£
岢û㿴ô򵥣кܶౣֶΣǰ׹Ůкܶ취ݣ˻Щʱա
Ҳ֪ԼӲˣԲһػĹǣһԼ
ƲЦЦôīð׹ŮӵˡȻǸ׹ȫǰİ׹ŮҲǰ׹ŮĴˡ
ѵ˵ô࣬Լûʶֶһ䣺еʲô
ƵĽŲͣܿͻָԭĲ˵Ҳ
ܽ
ðɣٵ


34 
ֺܴ󣬵аƵİǺܿһҵ˺쳾
Ƕɫְܽëһһߡܽæ֮ʣֻ˹еľƵں쳾ϣɫͻȻܿһ飬ô
ܽͻȻΪνк쳾쳾ëһͻߣͺ޾ǣ޹֮ʱǵ쳾մˮͺմ쳾ں쳾֮С
ʰʰҪȥˡ
ŶŶá
ܽٷɽóˮں쳾ϣȵ쳾һ飬Ѻ쳾ɽ֮С
˷ۣ̲ܽסԼ촽˿ڣҲ֪ĵʲôˣеʹ
Ʊȥûпֻܽǹ˺һƲ˵Ϊִ滨
ܽĿһ£ô֪ͼΪҪ滨
ϲ˵滨ÿĻ
Ȼأ
ܽʵðֻʲôأˣ
š͸㣬ϴ˵ʵ͸㡣
ֱضܽЩ飬ϴεľ飬ֲұҲֱֻӰƵ
û˵ҲûмȥãƲĿڣ滨
Ϊʲô
ᵽ滨ﶼˣ˰ɣ
΢΢һЩĻ棺Ϊˡ
Ƶ˼ֺ⣬ܽûȥŤͷܱߵͷ񡣰Ʋźöܣ̫̫࣬ЩܹԽ꣬Ǳضǿ̹֮¡
ܽʱԼһЩԼͿ£Լ䳤ˣǼŲĵ£һʹࡣ
ƣһʹɣ
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˪ĿβһðΪ߸ᱻкͬ顣
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顣

ƵĿ䵽ܽڿݣȻ׹ʲô
㣬˪Ŀβʲô
ܽĺܺ棬ǴʲôģֵһԼǧʱ⡣
ıܰѽȥ

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ܽûȥ࣬õϢֱӻصɽϣûϰƣܽԼķ䡣
˼룬ǰѻ˳̫֪ˡ
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˶Ϊ󣬿ձȢ˫̥СС
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ȻˣôΪҪӦأ
ܽϸؿһۣλνǷһر𰮺ȾƵͯûôӦûڷ졭ԣУԼȥѰһѰܰԵ
ܽѻֹؿ˿ΧȷûаƵϢŰġ
⻰ҪǱƷˣһ
ͼΪɶ
ܽң壬㣬𣿡
ͼŶŶŶ
ܽûмȥѰͯȥԺѰһأöʯΧ׼Ƭ滨
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ǰϰִоеĹģʱ̫ݣԼҪ˱־ġ
⡭

ܽתͷߣжвסصԺӣܽ鿪ʼо԰գֻû뵽֮˻һ˼˵ϣ԰ʲôĺ˻ᣬ鶼Ǽŵ顣
Ǹ깽䣬ҲⱾҪȥŵ顣
ⱾɽĲ飬ͷмֲ滨İ취ҷҲ쳣򵥣Ǻ쳾滨ֶѰ
ǰ滨ַŵ쳾֮Уٽˮ滨ͷһң滨־ͻƿ쳾ʼðѿˡֻҪעǣҪ쳾ˮӰ滨ɳ
֮ļ죬ܽһ˼˵滨ϣڰڻãδ֡
ѽⶫĲܳԣҵ滨ˮ
ܽƿһ˹ȥź㰡㶼þûиŪԵˣ
һȥŪ߿
ܽһΰƿʱſվڻһֱԼİơ֪ܽΪοԼȻղ˵ģԼȷܾû¹ˡ
һˣԼ֣ĸɾȻʵʲôƷҸ
Ƶ۽Ǹһ˿Ц⣬ƳƷã춹
á
ܽתͷҪ쳾ǳһ䣺ȻԺ󶼲Եģ
ԼҲѾٹˣҲУǼ˾˭ˡ
֪ˡ
ɵվֱٶܽŰȥûлȥߵܽԺ˿Ǻ쳾ٿ˿ⶫ㲻ܳԣǱڣҪæչˣ֪ô
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ڰǰرɣ˶ӣʵˣ˺Щˡ
ţûʲô󰭣ھˡ
ˣá
ƶ£쳾˵ˣܸӦũȸҪȥѰˣ
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ǡ
伣ô꣬ͻȻ֣Ҳǳ档
ֹ˶ˣĪǸԤô̧ۿߣҪңԶҹ֮ء
ѵҹ֮ؽ춯


35 
ܽһ춹ֱԼƺﶼʢһ롣ﲻʳʲôʲôֻҪóԾУҲ˷ŴӦҪóԸĳŵ
ǶصСȥԵģɲҸͬԷܽǱ
춹ζŨ𣬿ǰһֱ˵ܽЩʳ֮ζˡ
лҪ˵ô
գ̲ܽסžķΧȿ˿ڡ΢΢ַ̧ӣȻлҪ˵ܰ£
֤ܽҡҡͷȻͷԺ춹ˣٸʢһ롣
ء
ƺȻؾܾˣֵºԽٰ죬ҵȤȥ
Ҳὣ
ܽȻȥģֻԼֲὣ±ϣ˺󣬻󷢴ȱԼСǳ뻯ĽһָͿһǬǺĽġ
Խ᲻Ǹ֣Ǵȥɡ
βûдܽܽҲû˵ֵⲻΥɣ
ϴȥŵԽᶼһһģԼһġ
ǹء
˵󣬿˿˵룬üͷָ룺ٰﱾʢһ롣
ŶŶ
ܽѾϰ˰ƵƱ䣬Ҳû²۵˼ĶԽᡣ˵ԽԼ岻󣬵ܵԼ֮ʲô̶ȣۻһʵս顣
Ѻ춹ʢֽ֮ܽʣǡʲô
ȲŵĵӣҲǰƵĵӣûȥμ¡
ټˣҪʲô壿
ЦЦʲôض˵ıǹء
ܽŵͷֻȴ棬ͻȻԼμԽᣬĿʲô
ܲԼۻʵսɣԼܲУ԰˵ƺҪϾѾôǿˣԼô׷Ҳ׷ϲϵġ
ǲҪȥ죿
̧ۿܽһۣǴЦسһں춹ĩˣŵҲ
ܽһЩţǲ֪ʲôǰƲԸԼҪԼֵġ
ǳĺˡ
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ͼҲȥʱ̫ˡ
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ͼԽǰֵʧܵ١
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ܽҲȥˣͼͷʲôϵͳǺͿ̶ǱȻͼ˵ҪôԼ;ȥþУܲܽǰǾͿˡ
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ȥ᳡֮󣬰Ƹ˵˼䣬ȻɫǰƵĻ˭ҲպͬܽԽᣬǩʽҲðƽУܽװΪ֪Լһܶϳĺˡ
˵ģ԰ƵҪ֪ذ֧ǩһǿ̫ˡ
ϣܽ뵽߶߶˵һ뿪ˡ
Ѱ࣬ܽ뷨еشյԼǰʵò˵ҲμԽģ
ţʶʶ
ܽԺ˰벽ຮѼ֮Ҳ˹˼ĵ˰ԣܽ벻ˡ
Ȼľʳ
ֻǣ˳ĺƵмѭಢϲӣ˵ˣҲḽͼ䣬Գĺǲġ
˵ĺ˽»˵Ʒ⣬㣡
仰û˵Ʋϵɣ岻£ܽͲÿɷˡ
˵īʦƷ˫ĪѵͲ䡣
ܽ˺üͷĵҲð˿ŭ⡣Ҳ˵Ϊѵ벻䣬ҲСܹϵġ
ֻǰƽն뿪Լ޷ε֪ĺ˵Щ
Īִʦ˵ǱʦҲ֪϶ٻˡ
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ˣ֪֪иȾƵͯ
ܽ԰գͬʱ࿪ڣ˵Ǿɳϣ
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УֻǾɳٲڣѾܾûм˼ˡ
һٲģΪɽ˶ϲٲ


36 
ǩʽʼĵһٶʮˣܽǶǸаϵ͵һ֣ʮǿҪĺ
һ͵컻ʹúãЩŶûԳǩǳĺ˷֪ܽΪǩһ͸оȺһ˫еĿ⿴Լ
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ʱ굽ܽߣżʵܽܽǸ˺ŵӣһҰ
Ǳеģעִͺá
á
ﻹϴڽ£ĺڳܽһֱţᣬȻҪϴεԩܽﻹе׵ģʱʶֶΣټСҲʮþˡ
һʼսʽЩɬƵļָʽԽԽ죬òǸŮǶȴʮ
Լһֿգܽ㵽߿Ϊǰߵˣ˶Щ˼ɵؾԼǰ˵ԼԼӡ
Щ˵ΪԼмīʦ棬ƲſԼߣԼɷϲģôڰߣ
ʵģСһЩ
ܽһʼŻЩܺԱöˣЩͷˡ˵˵ȥǼ仰ǾԼ䣬дͳԼˡ
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쾪׾
ʱֻŮģͷƾм˷ܣðɫƬȫ¹סֻǲ׾£ѾųĺϮȥĺǿסԼѵ֡
ܽʱϿԡ
һ˲ЦЦһС߲סĺ֣ǼųĺֱҧȥֻųĺһɢҪһƴСϣСֻŮģ˼ܿ˹
ĹĺӦϾֲʾô˱Ѿõķ䳯ܽȥȥܽʲô䣬ĺ죬һ߿СӳԼмȥ
ʯ֮䣬̨Ϸ˾ҵıըһ˲Ѻ˼ƴʱٿֱӣǵؿ̨ϣץסֵָ𽥷ףָ֮˰ݵĺۼ
ɢȥС̨̨ܽϵܽñмסȻ˵ˣûбⱬըһӵǽú䡣
ĺסԼֱֱĺѪֱֱµΣֵֻƤ𽥱Ϻɫ
ܽﰲȻﰵһ䣬붯ȴܽٶȷɿسųĺϮȥһŰѳĺع߶ϣʹιȥ̨ϡ
ߺ޵ؿԼűߵĳĺǰзԸһѳĺĹͷȱ
ǳʤܽȻ󼱼ȥ̽ĺһ̽ǳɫ䣬µǾ綾
źȥɰȴȺһ̨ϣֻӳĺߵܽǰ´һۣʲôû˵
ʱҲ̨ϣ̽һȷϴ˶δƣ粻ǿȡҩ˿ԣһôûУ˼Ƭ̣ȥãι½ⶾ
ʱƸ˸˹ȥ˵һÿȻ鲻Ըճĺ֣ĺֱƤָɫ
תʱƤظܽһ֪ܽ˶Ȼˣ඾ûĻվҪϵġ
ܽ˼£ղűǱը£Լּۿ죬ǻըƬ
ֵģĺоǺ̳ģ
תۿһʦ磬۵㣬Щ͸ǸˡԳĺĺҲǱѰһӻҪһЩʮֿأƷУν̳ĺĵӣֻ˵ࡣ
ܽ¸ۣĿ׷źֱ뿪Լߡ
֮ܽʣѾ׼ȥȥɡ
ǡ
ܽһͬȥܽԼмˣʣųװҪôǰף
ˣһһɣ
ˣǰôڴọ̀ûסС˵Ǹ򵥡
Ȼ򵥡
ЦһȫѺϵӡ
һ֮ˣȻ򵥡
Ȥ


37 
ܽŰƻصŤͷ˿ܽӱը˴úõһ·ˡ
ܽ˿̿ɹ˲Լ·Լôŷŵǰס
ɻҪ򣿡
򣡡
ܽʶӦһ䣬ǼеķӦΪҪһЦЦ𷽲˵ӦսӦ̲סһ䣺ȻΪ΢ǷӦ
ܽѵһޣˣǰһ仰ȴԭء
ʱѧģ
̧ۿܽ˫̽˼ΣյζԼ˵ʵĻƾͻԼĽ֮·
ķﲢûﶼڡ޻ⱾƲûиԼ
ġ
ܽ͵չ꣬ȥ߶޻
գջ񣬲ŭ⣬ƺѾܽ˵޻ʲôϡҲҲֻŵķޣ޻Ҳר⵹˵ͨ
Ʋ֪ǣܽ޻ʮȫܶ඼Ҳġ
ûʣܽȻ˵ڰߴָܿ͸ľš
СҲûܣڰƵĽű߿̨ϵĶԾǺըص۽ġ
ˣǸƺ
ָԶ̨ǺһеӵĶԾ˳ָ˹ȥֻɾ䣬ÿһжܴҪԷѾˡ
ţиӡ
ϴߵ̫죬ƲûзֺˣˣʮϲĶԾʽ
ˮֱҪҪսһС
~
СҲͺҲ˳СķȥԾ̨಻Ⱥ壬飬磬ǺǸˡ
Ʋϲսʽǲòϣ츳뱾µģҲԼ
һֱܿͿʼˣܽһʵ׵ĺеӣׯڡֻͨսʽׯںܿͰׯڲ͵ϮһףûдӺѰܽĿյܽҲûκһŷҲһˡ
ҲϲׯԸ񣬲ûºֻ֣ׯھģֱׯԶͶ
̨ׯҲȥύΪһϵΪܽΣ֪Ʒ񲻴Բ˽ύ֮⡣ܽׯ˼ׯڻܽСһֵĽǿɲһ׶Ըļһ
ܽȥһ۶ݱԼһϵǽеӡ
ܽЩӡ˵нļ֮һƢ֣ĬԵġ
û뵽ʮǿͶôǿĶ֣ܽе㲻̨ˡ
ͼŶҪŶϵͳƺ⾪ϲŶ
ܽһ˾񣬿һ˲ˡ
ʲôǿŰˡ
ȻһִеƣС
ͼΪ˹ȥŬŬ
ܽðɣҲһʬ
һֱʼҲСܽߣ粽룬»ᷢղŲ㱻ը˵⡣
죬ƺм֣ܽȫսս齺ţܽһ亹
һ棬Ҳһֱע̨ϵĽϧһͨҪĥ
ڴʱóǰ£һûֻǵ£
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ͨ˫ͷߵϵ䶾ǣΪɡ֮ǲɽ⣬ֻҪũǰ㾫ͨҽͶ߲пܽÿ
ֻǴȥũҪգĺûˣóҲû취ѰȡϴΣ࣬ɼԵӵҲӶ˽֮ġ
Ƽǹŵ˲˵ЦŵϲˣִҪȣǱǿΪӼգȥũȵˡ
֮ʱ䣬˱䣬ɲɫŰҾʦǶȻǺõġ
ɽóһСƿιˣȥѰũ֮˰ա
ǳæлӹСƿ󣬿˺һ۱ҴȥҲлȻصԼλãʣǵѾϲˣΪβˡ
㶣ɴЦŵĺʢܻ᷸ʲ뾡ȥȡ
Ŀص̨ϣǴ֣ҲöղŶϳĺʱ״ʲô˼ġ
ʺõ㲻ϧΥķԸĪɽȡؼȷǷ˿ˡ
ͷһŰƵĻܾ䤱ǵӺͿʦĪҪĺ
һˣ
ЦĿ̨֮ϣʱСİ֮£ѾʤܽͿͦʮǿ
ȻǺƶڶԻٽĳȫˣȫҶ࿴һۣȴĬĬؿŶ˽ϾҶΪһ亹
˵ƿ񣬰ⲻֹҲˣ֪˵ʲôܴӡ
̨֮ܽܽס
㲢޶ǽ
ܽ˵ͷʵô𣿡
ܽе׼˵ʲôвʣҪ£벻ס
ΪԸΪ
ʱ˳ιֲǽ˲ſġ
ܽǺãǾͶܽã𣿡
һƺͨ˲٣û˵ǹֱȭת뿪
˵ˣܽϲûҩȥøѰҩϡȥãܽԼܻӭ˵񶼴˵⣬ƳĺĲΧˡܽ˼Щ˶Լ޶ãͨĽҩҲѰš
ܽͬõĺ壬֪ܽľ󣬱ҪܽȥȡҩܽҪʱȴ˽ץס
ͷȥһϮ㻹û˭֪ܽ˭ˡ
Ѱҩ
š
ܽ󱻰סƵĿ䵽ϣ㲻
Щ㵣æҾʦޡ
ҩ衣
ˣܽװƵ˼Ű뿪ˡ
·ϣƲδſܽ󣬶ܽҲδѣ˾㰲߻ȥ
֪ڣΣķ
ͣ½ŲȻתܽصΪ㷴ӦǸ˲ǡ
˼ǣҪҲ
ܽ룬Щ㵣壿

һܽ˰ƶԼĳƺ

õĵΪ㽹ƣ
ʡ
Ϊĺ
ܽʱȻˣĺǺĵӣõĵӻΪĺеƣضǺһɵˡҩжҪԼǻס
Ҳ衣
ԣǵԼϹԼߵ
ĪҪƽʱûַôĵĶԸԼ˵ġ
ܽ򴽣Щӡ
ԣҪµöࡣ


38 
ˬǰڶ̨ںըأ̨ϣܽ˼ȴɵԶ
ղű˵һϸȥ˼еĲԾ
Ȼ֪ôȥ˵츳۴Ʒʵ嶼ȳĺҪ࣬ΪͬΪԼ״ӣԳĺʼƫ
߳ĺָ߰ݵͲȵˣ⵽֮ʱ˵Χķ֮˼㲻侮ʯҲ֮ˣΪμ֮˻˹
ǳĺʧΪֻʵ磬ԸãЩΪΣóĺ£Ϊƶ
һ²
ܽʵĿںϣЩɡƿĹǣָڷ£һӺܿ͸
˵
Ϊλôӵĺ
Ʒãǻ˵ùȥǳĺǻչʦõˣʵ̫ˡ
㵹Ҳǿˡ
ɽóһ«ƣ촽ͷһЩܿͻ֪ġ
ܽʵθڣôأִ򲻹ҲңֻܹԹӦ£á
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һսô
һսֿԺһ㡣
һ˾סܽʵöҲԣ
Ҫʱԡ
̫ˣ
һֱһɾܽ˵Էſֽȥ⿪׵һսˡ
˵ĶԻҲǸеӣ˼֮˵ʹȲũȵˣɹҲЩġ
ƼѶϵ˺ۣˣǶˣϰıؾ֮·ũϰ˼˺ۡûУǲǼĴģǶõš
а취Ը𣿡
ܽ룬ǰƵĻָԼһ£°빦
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΢ЦźһھƣܽǴ㵵ɫܾáǽհƶ̫ˣܽǰƻˡ
ܽǵЦ⣬ǲͲмЦ⣬ǴЩõġΪ˽ǰףܽΪԼһѣİƲĲԼ
ڰߣɫ䣬ȻͰ͵̧ͷƣ͸ҰɣһͷóԵƷ
춼
ԶãҾá
ʲô㶼
ܡ
ܽһЩͬƷǵ̵ֵиֵƷʳףԼ֮ǰʹǾʵԲԾû
ǰƷôҪʱ˸ˣʵԿɾʹˡðƸԼ̲ٺôĴȣԼ۱ȼֱҪ̫ߡ
ǴŹҲУ
ȻС
ܽҲӦ£ڴӦƵʱѾǲԼ֮ˡ֪ǴӦ˰ȴԼúܲҡ
ˣǳǳһھƣǸеӣ˵̲ȣ˵ٶȲ죬úһУͬʱİɡ

ܽû뵽Ȼð
ȻΪ˶ý÷
ƴʱЦЦƺЦܽ棬ֻҪӮʲôֶζνҪѶɱ޳֮ˣǲ÷
𷸴
ưܽһۣббؿڳϣǰĶԾȱȱܽоһ۾˯ȥ
ʮǿԾʼܽС̨ʼռŰ˵ģ̨֮һ̶ҷɡ
˽һĵڰ޷ҲµϷʹ̨һܻӭϾжӳɣֱѸ
Ծʼܽٵ㼫سȥԣٶȵȷôս㣬ֲȱݣӳķ䣬ʹķܻĹ
ܽĸвɳС´˻ż϶͵ϮԼɳСһʱҵʹ·ס
˵ʱʱ죬һ̨һɢɫ֪ܽסڱǡСʱһ쫷ϮֱɢܽܿжΣա
ֶλ١
֣ܽһǧû뵽ﻹУ÷ԼΧ
ɢ
ܽ˼ҲϺˣǷʱըﻹ棬ӦҪը˵ġܽ£ԼǵϻŵͼǱըﶨҪˡ
￴׼ʱһλСϮȥٶ֮޷вҽһ˳
ޣѳԣ
³һѪȻЦؿܽܽѾˡ
ɢȥסԼĸ첲ݺݵؿ䣬ҵĶ
û䣡
￴ϲУŻعܽʤ˹ȥסϵ˿ڣɱ֮ģ಻¶
üͷ˵ĶܻΪ
ղųĺʱģȻΪĺеʣû뵽ԼҲ˾ء
ȻҺ㣬ǿϸҵǸҿ԰඾ˡ
Щ㵣˼ǣŮǹ˳ĺΪ
ʦйڣ
Ǹˡ
Ҫ֣ȴסҵǸҵĴ̨ϲ
һСС·ŵ˿֮ϣҼ˲ϲ˽ӣҰ֮ʲô¸˵˵ģԼ
Ĭ˰Σ඾ΪϷҪȫס
˵ҪתȥȴͬǷһΡ
תȥɫ԰׵سżȥܽʵ˵ʲô
˵ǷһΡ
ôã
˭֪أΪ˱ɡ
̨ܽصߵʱ򣬰ɫĮĮֻ¡
ܽһʱԣŵϹ£¹ˣƻǵͷˡưܽһۣȻ·ڸܽ˵͹ģ
ŻɽҴɡ
ˣūˡ
ͷȫûʤϲãͷִƵԺѵ̻ʲôдġ
ȣż̧°ͣ˺۵ĽѾ˿ЩƲۣĿġ
ǲ԰׵ĽϣΪζȥ˺ۣ
ٷ
ū֪ˡ
һܽﶼɵվһԲ˵ʼչ۲ŰƵɫûŷ
ǿսܽٴ˵ֿգΪˣ޷սҲͦǿ
ãֻһҿ˭
塣
ãˣɣ
ͼҪйͣ
ܽʲôʱ򻹻Ҽˣ
ͼոѧģоûʲôá
ܽȫûã
ͼȻϲ˵ƨ
ܽ
ϵͳԽԽˣô죬ߵȣܼ


39 
һԾǿʱǻƻˡٺɫƲƯڽʣҹǰɫʡ
һԽᣬûΪٰʱĥǵ顣ƻʱ̣ڶɲڻƻ£Խǿսʮڴ
ܽ彻࣬ȻǺܺƣܽооУǿҵľУԼӦģһ
ˣΣΪΣŻƵĶԴʦãǳ˵С
ƺѾЩͷˣڷϵָɶԽԽ죬͵̾һܽˣ룬ɽóճʣĺ춹⣬ݸ˰ơ
Ⱦ˱ŭüۼǺ춹˲չ̧˿ܽţ
˲٣Ǻ춹һҧȥǺ壬Ӯ˵ġ
Ƴ˺춹⣬鲻ָָܽһʽֱҪȱ㲻࣬ģػս
ܽգϲ̵ִɽȡһ춹ݸ˰ơ
ƿܽеĺ춹⣬üôࣿ
ǣճʣµ飬㲻ϲûó
ţְܽغ춹ȡŵҧһڣǰܹ뽣ڣȡȻ㶼ߵˣȻûзɣһǺ壬˵ܼȥˡ
ǣˡ
ǰ׾Ȼܽʲôڣ
ͼȻԭ򣬵ʱһΪͷأ˺ܾá
ܽʲô㣿
ܽûȥ׷ͼûԼǰ׻ˣͼܽʱ˾
ͼͷ˵ʲô֣Ϊңԭǽڣ
ܽ
ܽסԼĴԼЦǽͲ尡ϵͳʲôҪܽЦˣ
ͼĿֵΪʲôͻȻôߣ
ܽûûʲô
ܽһѹԼЦ⣬ȻԶվŵĺ壬ͼתԼע
ˣǿˣû뵽Ǹ˾֣ϧԼûܶǶˣԼٻϸһЩ׵Ļ͸ˡ
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ˣǺĵӣ᲻Լº֣ܽЩ£ɵתͷһغȫﶼЩʲô
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Ծʼˣܽ˵Ҫáϡ־ҲѹºսıԣлأʱȽ϶࣬㲻Ͼʡ
һ̨Ǵѷᣬþȫȡһʵöࡣ岢ǲ뾡ȡʤٶȺܿ죬սҵģҲһͬػսˡ
ܽǷ˺ڶԾʱΪȱˣǾǹڽˡ
غòҳܽĺüСˡ
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ܽͶҶһ㵣ΪֺܼþáҲǴ㵵ģʲôϱ˽˳ܽԽĵ
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ܽ˶٣ֵҺιˣ֪㲻˺ҲŴ֣ҾͲ˷ʱˡ
˵꣬ܽͿĵشСȥˣǧһٸֵˣоԼԣˡ
ʱǿܽģˣҲԸˡת֮ʱ೯˲٣ˣ
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ͷһۣȻ֣˵ûУʲô
ֱһ˺ۣѪѾֹˣһɫ˿׵ֱϣԵʮͻأ
Сˡ
ûֻ֣ǿһܽıӰĺ֡
ţʦദˣЩ׽
˵ֵץָһо
á
һ棬ܽѾϲ̵ػصߣûָʾ̵׼
飬ܽһȤģǰƵļƬһֵһļƬ
ܽ룬һƬϵͳʾǲڹۿʱܽѡˡǡ
Ƚȥٿ
û⣬ǺȡʤԽʹĻǰױȥ˽ڣòõ齣Ĵ࣬ͿԵˡ
˵ϴԽᣬ͵ƽһ˪콣
ڣλĪɽ棬һͱڵɽܽǺȥġһٶ˲˲ǶΪһԽʧʣֹܽΪ΢ֻ趼δ㲻Լ衣
аƿţֻܰͷ˭ҳԷԣǺҲ
ڣнƣÿֻʱ򿪣˽ȥ֮˴СģͷȥѰˡ
ڣһɽͷкܶеķֲ·ϵʯͷ϶ŽէȥǺ׳۵ġʱ˵ˣЩܶ඼ǰµģ֮սλʦǰ彣˻⽣ڣ֮УȴԵ֮ˡ
ܽǽĵطĪЩӡСûиҲ֪᲻ʲôΣաһֱڽʱʯ˵ֻܽʱ䣬ӲͷƤ굽һС֮С
Ȼˣֶܲܿ飬Ȼ˷СŬ
ͼߣԽͷԽá
ۣܽΪĵʧЧˣ
ͼⲻǵܣֻǻϵͳֱ
ܽͣ½ŲЩӲϵͳֱⲻǱΪ
ˣҲûзֻͼ˵ģȥ·нҲССʯңֻܽԼԽԽˣЩˡ
ܽһҲ·ȥô죿
ͼҵûʧЧġ
ܽգ̧ţؼǰС׼һʯʱͻȻ˵һ̶ĽǰʯҴŵܽڵϡ
⽣Ǳе񣬶һɿѹ
ʱڣҡһ£ܽվ֮ʣһǰһɫĳϧǣһϽ
⴦磬ɲӰԡ
㡭Ըߣ
ǶϽܽȴԼ׽ѰԼٶܽоҪѡУرġ
ǱɫĳΧܽתһȦȻѽյܽǰܽſдˡ׺֡
׺Ժ׺ɺã
׺ΧܽתһȦܽȻһϸܵ˿ֵķΧ
ܽ̽Եס׺Ľ׺ɵϣûп뷴ܽȫ˼ˡ
߰ɣ׺Ҵȥؼȥ
ңǸֻƵСԺӣܽûԭԼѾﵱɼˡ


40 
ܽס׺ںͼָʾ»صڵʯңǵһģͺ̡
ܽҲûûջ񣬷ջ˲׺ǳ
ͺͬʱܽǱϽ˵˽ˣվǶϽƷӲԭʵɣЩϧġ
ԽڣܽŲ׺ȥƣϺͺܽǱо֮ɫ
ܽûע⵽ֻĻϲҪȥƷһԼĳɹƵĿڲ׺ϣԶԽǧ꣬һЩѾõ顣
δܽ˵ʲôƱ֣׺ܽѿȻ˰Ƶϡ
ܽһʱҭЦҲߣ׺ʱԣ˰˰ɣ
ͼʵˡ
ܽǣⲻ˵ջ𣿡
ͼ԰಻һ仰ʧ֪Ǹ
ܽҲ˵ƨ
ͼ
ƿǱɫĶϽ֪һ㡣
׺˵ڰƵ𣬶ưѲ׺ݻظܽذɡ
ǡ
ܽù׺׺ûпܣƺûˣܽŷ֮ϣƳĬؿԶҹǳƺһŨصظСܽס׺Žڣﶼǰǵ彣֪ԭ˭ôˡ
ԭ˭
ָܽ׺ĽܾԼ׺Īϵһһ֮
ջǻϣֻģ˿˿֮⡣ܽԾ˲ʵģϾЩǰҲпǰƵѣԼôʡ

ܽ²׺ŰŲŲ˲ؿԼܽŲŲɰƻǲ⡣ҪʰҪʲôʱ򣬰ȴܽĺ󾱣촽ȥ

ܽ˲ôȥӦȴЩԣ˵Ī
ΪҪң
ܽһƬ糺죬֪ôӦ۾֪Ʒſһ˫Ⱦĺܽʱ򣬶˼ʹ֮ɫ㡣
ף֣ң֣ңⲻˣå
ܽĺᡣ
ƿܽȻֱȥԶıɫƸղʲôûзһܽԼĴָⶼڼ΢΢ţŸղŷʲô
㣬ΪҪҪң
ܽɰƸղԼʲôôԼ˵Ϳʼڳأ
תͷܽܽУڴ˿ֶ˼Ķ
ײã
ǣ˼ǡ
׾ˡ
ƴܽҪ˵Ļ̬ǿӲذѸղŵ鷭ƪܽĲֲʣֻܳưͿ
ǣΪʲôҪҰ
ܽŲ˻ȥתŰƣԼĴĸоϤ
ȵȣԲ׺˭ĽΪɶ˰ҪԼ
ʱ׺ĵܽߣ˶ƺڰοܽܽҲû˵ʲôֻգ־ЩΡ
ΪԼµģ
صɽʱСѾصˣǵҲûԺﴩ󣬿ʼǵĿԽҹԽʡ
׼ȥԼ޷ܽزס£̲סʣΪҪң
ƶסŲϢ֮عܽһʱˣĪҪ𣿡
ܽ
ͦģѵļį̫ãҶüĿģ
ܽԭأ̧صԼķ䣬ܽĪˡôأִ򲻹ҲңֻܹԹԻȥϢˡ
Ѳ׺ŵ֮ܽڴţԸղŵº˼һ󣬾룬úͼڰƵļ䡣
ۣܽǿһƬڣģһ˿һ谵ĵƵֽűţڵϡ
⡭ǰƵӽǣ
һЩõĸɲݣʪĵذ廹߹ߴһҵĽ̡֪ܽʲô飬Ǿһ亹
ʲô䣿
ʱ˴ηţ̧ͷһˡģģģӣ̧ͷҲгʱҲ˲ˡ
ҵŮȥ
ܽ
Ǹһ仰ܽоëȻֻǸվڰǰȻͺúûţԣ񣬴źȥüֵ
ƿ˼ȳһѪûģ͵͵ЦţˣȻŹ㡣
Ȼ
˵ܽǰͻȻһڣʲôˣһֵļƬҲͿˡ
ộ
ͼ̣
ͼЩƬǾƬΣôǼ̣
ܽƬΡղǰĥ
ͼǡ
ܽһȻ֪ʲô飬ֱĵһµİƣҪа
δ˿࣬ĪȰơ
ܽƽ˺һʱƽ˼룬ó˻˿˵ĺ
ϻ˵ҶôϲǸȻ󣬶ССССϢ֮󣬴ҶССʹĹϵǳССһֱûס׼ɽͷϡ
ȥüңССܾӼҲټһͬϵƺӵ˼㡣
ССԸȥ׼סͬʱȴʧˡ
ܽ˸ʧˣǻЩѪ֡
׼Ҷ԰Ĳãɱ˰׼ƺпԭɵΪλᱻڵΣ˳ڣӦð
ܽɻ붨ڶȥǾɳϵ١
գȥ֮ǰܽҲûǴӦƵ£ȥ˹𻨸һЩǣ˵ǰ뿪ġ
Ӧû˵첻ԣǵġ
ȥڣ֮󣬵֪ɳٲлǶȻںɽľƽȾơ֪ܽº󣬱ƽߣǾɳƺڣܽûϹ
һºܽھƽǰһʱҲûκջǾɽʱһСޣڵң
ʱһͷӾƽͷһϮܽʶغ˼ͷ׷ȥϸһ󣬵񣬹Ȼ񣡡
īʦô
ԣ
ɳϹ๾غ˼ھƺֵһ֪ҵʣ
֧ԭǰ𣡡
ǣЩ˶ʶֻʶ
ɳֹЦЦȻߵλãʾܽ¡ܽʵǰīʦ𣿡
죡ص˼ܶ¶Ը˵ף
ɳϴ̾һʣҵʣǮʲôҶ㣡
˵ɣָʲôѧʲô
ǡ
ܽɳôˬǸ˵ģǸİ֮ĸǹġ
ʣīʦ˵׺Ϊˮʲô˼
ɳϵЦݽߣɫ˱䣬Ťͷܽ۵м־֮ɫ


41 
ʣīʦ˵׺Ϊˮʲô˼
ɳɫ䣬סƺ«Ҳ˶ܣ㣬ô
ϣҾͺ͸
ܽɳϵ߽ǣɳϿܽ˸ܽīԼ⻭ôô졣
ͷܿư
ɳϳİɫüëֱоƵϢܾðڶ֧Ŀ־ʵ̫ˡ
ô𣿡
϶亹ֱˣҲ֪ƶԾɳʲô
°ʱֻסϧ
ɳ˵ѣϾϧ˼ʹĵĸоһ·֪Ǳ˻ʵģīӡǾ˫ģȻΪἺ䡣
֮ˡ
ġûκô
Ȼǡ
ɳһڷϣƺŽʲôȻֵǾ仰Ҳ
ʲô˼
Ҳ֪ǸӰ޹ء
ӰƵĽ㣿
ԭô
ԣҲ֪ôᴫ˼̫ˣҿ˼Ҹҿ϶ǸӰ޹ء
ܽգҲһᣬ㽾֮ôܽԼ˵
һֱΪҴȥģҵĵܴҿɲҳڡ
ܽ򴽣ɵõ˵ͷеɳϵĴҲʾףϾƵƢʵ׽
ǶǶҪѪģڵӣҲŹɼûʲôԡ
ˣʱˣʱһҪҵˡ
˵꣬ɳҲûܽʲôһ̵ؾˡܽжвסΪ˾ɳϵ룬ǲĺá
ͼˣȥɽѰһζǧݵҩģ³ɼһֵ
ܽǧʲô
ͼһݺжݵĲҩеѰ
ܽ׵ģ
ܽ˸ۣ׼ȥɽϣȴһȺ̧ųĺɽ϶ȥΪ׵ĻǺ
ойϿɳԡ
ܽ˸ڣڸˣС˻ȻСһ·ȥɽϣرȺ˻ҪһСٶҲǼģеܽһ·ϱҷ紵ˣصʱ鶼
ܽԼҲûлȥԼԺӣڰƵԺ¡˯ﲻ֪ʲôʱ˳Ůʯϣصкζڿ
ʵǲģػԺӵҪֻܲ鲻ԸǸճġ
ŵĺζվ˫ֱվԺſڣһмؿǰɽ·
о˰æġ
ﵱʱµĶᣬƸҩҲǼٵģȵľһϷ
ϣǳĺ·ϡ
ܽ
ҲеƵӰϵġ
ܽԹϵģúһԹϹھͺˡһڴˣſڵĿ˳û˽Ժʦ棬ʦȣ
ü۵Ǹɫ԰׵ˣ˰ɣȻ˷ҩ
ܽţЦֲЦֻװԼǸ͸ˣһԣŰƵķš
ûзӦҧҧԼĳۣȻ˫ϥ£ȻԺӿͷʦȣ
ºҵٻƵķʽ޷Ŵ򿪣ֻ˫̤ڱʯϣһ³ĵ쳣Ψü۵˲Ҷ࿴һۡ
̧ɡ
æлҪʱ򣬰ȴô
˶ֹ˻ȥͷ֪ʲô飬ܽΪԲʲôɫ
ڵǰ棬һţ϶ܡ
ǰѳļ́ԺŵϣȻֿһԺĺ֪˵Щʲôźáʱǰżڳĺϣ֮˵ɫҪô
ʦȳĺ
ûΪγĺĶⲻ֪ǰҪĽô˳ŰƵ⣬ϣȡ
ջؽţǻȥɣκˣġ
ɣ˼Ƭ̣õӻȥѳĺԶˣſ֪ܽΪЩ˶Գĺô
ţ롣
Ѱǧݣ㡣
úã
ͰƵĽˣֳܽԹҪԼŬȥھľСȥ˺ɽҲƨƨߵظȥ
Ƶͷһڵϵ˶ƺʲôһ˿֮ɫ˷䣬Ժ
Сܽںɽһ֪ǧ𣿡
֪ǶóԣҳԹ
ܽ
κζﶼֻкóԺͲó֣֮
Ǿʹȥң
УѰѰζ
ܽһǰһСϣֻһֱָʾСﴩ󡣹ʱѰǸζҵǧݡ
һ꿴ͨĲҩͨĲݣܽɻȥժʱǲͻȻߵģŵܽ֡
£ı
ִ˴ģĲҩֻǧ˲ֱʯͷڷֹժһ
ܽΪνǧˣȷе˼ǧժԭݵģԹܽϡܽǧջɽ֮У׼ȥˣȲҪ֪ˡ
ȥԺʱܽԺŵˣһĬ
˷ԺﱩɹƾͲ°ɹô
ﷴǶԳĺġҿӶس޷˵һ䣺ˣǻˡ
޷Ŵ򿪣ڳܽϰǧóǧݡ
֣ǧݱƮƵϣָֻ£ǧĻҩ֭ҩ֭£һţƯ֮ϡ
Ƶ˵ϵҩ֭ҩ֭ƮܽϣĨϡ
ܽգȻ뵽ͼ˵ģҲжݵҩĪⳣĺݣΪ˽⿪ţܽϰҩ֭Ĩڳĺϣɫҩ֭Ĩڳĺʱҩ֭սȥʧӰ١
ʱĺٿʼ˱仯һŤ֮ϸȥپȻȫȻһˣرһˡ
ܽüͷ˼˼󣬻Ȼ򣺡ǺĶӣ
ˣ߷ƣģӿ̳һ϶Ǻĺӣ
Ʋû˵ǻǣֻؿ˳ĺһۣȻ˰ɣ
ˡȻĺҪݣǺϣ֪ݣΪЩӻ֪
ЩӲ֪Ǽó֪
Ǽó϶ȻԸµҪúչ˳ĺ
˵ܽһ¾òˣ֮˲ǲԳףΪκѳĺݹ
ѵʲôù£
£ĺݲù¶ء
ƴһ˼ֺұΪúೣĺ
ΪΣ
ǲúֺ࣬αĴƣǷŹĺǾγĺоʵеġ
ʲôԣ֪һЩɽH£㲻֪ġ
Ƶ̧𣬿ܽʱ򣬵ЩѪԵϵΪðˡ
һܽһͣ˵εһĻһĺ
ǹԹǿԸһЩ
ת̧ȥĪҪ˱ۡ
ܽĸߴĳĺɴ۾
Ҫô̧ȥ


42 
ܽԼֵ߳ģǳĺû³ôߴʲôˡ
ȵȣҪѹô죿оڴ˴ֹΪˡ˵ˡƺûиĺιʲôͲ
ˣҲùܵġ
ܽ󣬱ʰ˰ѾԹӣϴɾְƳˡ

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ûʲô£ɿʬǸòϡ
ܽ
ܽͷһһֺıðŵסƵ֣ˣô
ܽû뵽ƵĿҪѳĺɿʬֶΡаħʲôֱ
Ҫô
ЦһָҪȴܽסģ˵ŵʦ棬ˣǻĲȡ
㲻˵ǻҪԿôǴҵĶ㣬ʱ㲢ս
Ťͷܽ۵׵Ļңüͷ𣺡ʼգԸ뱾սǰǣԺҲǡ
īأ֮սʱǸ㲢սİɣ
ˣƵ۵ϺָܽĲϣ֮ʱΪĲȥģĿ
ս
Ƶ۵Щ죬ֹǲ⣬Ƕһ˿ίܽһֱŰ˵ЩʲôѾ޷˼ʲôϢСǺ죬ҪϢ
ҡȿȡ
ܽ˫۱ˮһŷſܽĵֻԼκʱͱһӡ
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ָİ׹ǣܽȻ֪ʲôֻǲڼʣƱɱ֮ʱùǵĻѹɢ겻ۣԹֻ»Ұһεֱҷ𡣡
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ܽŰգգۣûеͷɰѾĴ𰸡ֻ΢΢ţЦЦصﵽĿģ֮ˣī


43 
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**
֮󣬰һֱڷûȥɽҲû˹ֹ˼գˣɫƺʮֲãܽԺﶺС֮󶼲
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ƣ٣Ǻصĳ̵ǰȴһ£áƵĻ޷Զ۵ȴһ˿ĺɫſЦŵ񾳵ϣ飬ô
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44 
뱾ιأ
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ͼȻ򲻹ڣһս֮ģֻϵͳʱ㲻ܵ¶УƵɱֶ̫ˡ
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ˡ
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45 
ɽվһ˰̣ĿĺˡɢɫϢǸĸߴĿʬɱڵģҪѪɽ֮вſϰݡ
ʬɵˣмΪɱ°ӣɱģòԩ
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ɽǰϣһһأҪ߳ȥסټɽţСȥеһС
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˳Ц˼¶ڵĺǱʴʬһˣɱҵӣôܾôˣǵ
䣬һɫ䣬˼ܿ˽档
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ƽʱûַôĵĶԸԼ˵ġ


46 
ɽϢƵ޷ȥõģֻܽܰԼķ
صڵϣܽªķ䣬ߵСϻɢҵķֽϵıҲûãȴܰǳ
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áֱӳƺƵˣӦ֮ˡ
ң˰ˣʦĵӣʦصȻ㡣
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һʱҭû뵽ܽȻǰƵĵӣ󲿷˶ΪǣԼ
ǡһ
͸ǰһƣʵŲУܽҲ̫Ľ̸ֽʽǶ˾ġ
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47 
һʱ䣬۾ͷɵ˺֮ϡܽŷ֮µĺˮǳ̲ʱǵɫģԶһЩˮɫԶһЩͳ˺ɫˡ
ò˵ɫ󺣵ѹȸлǺǿģΪʲôܽܺʲôȻӺһԾϣǶˡ
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Ůֱضܽ۵׵ĿܽҲ׿
ҳ
Ƕ֣϶
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ǣԼǳ˳īĺ

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ţҪߣŮֵҽһĹҲȥô
ܽоԼԵ˴ϣҪȥʱ򣬷ݵһˣ㶼ͣ
ܽҪͷȥȴоƵݹĿ⣬ͷŤһ㡣
Σÿɺÿ
𷢱ۣ侫£񱻾ĵܹһÿȻǿģֻǱƣǲ˵˼
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ܽ鲻󵨵ذһ¡ֻǲȰ˵ǸŮ˾׷һֱڷԱߣʲôְ
ܽһ˿ŮˣֵͷƬͻȻôһֱϵģ
Ķӣ
ƵؿܽܽҿܾðƲϲȻƺû˼ƺƬ򣬰ҲҺ
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ƵĿ䵽ӵϣ⺮䣬žζַΧܽǽⲻ˵ġ
ȥɣҲߵġ
ܽǲߵģοҪǸʲôӴưƻᵱ
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ӾôţҲûгֻ֣ǿԶԼĻ΢΢𣬺С
续ܽõ
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˵㡣
īƽ壬ɡ
ӻδ˵꣬Ʊ鲻ǱסôǹѾ˰ɣ
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īأ
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Ц˫ֱأغǺΪһ㣿
ܽսһԼ޿ӣΪ˱ʶشһ䣺򣡡
ڴʱƺͬʱ͸ˡ
˵Ͳġ
޷̫ۣ㳯ܽЦЦЦܽĺ˰أΪܲƵĲˡ
ҲС
˵꣬ͣ·ۣɽȡһɫҩ裬Ȼӵ˺ȥ
档
˵꣬ͻȻ٣ݵһ¿ٵغкܽͷȥֻԾι״ޣȥ
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쵰
ӵŭ𴫱麣ܽ£Ƶʱ鲻ֲ˵ˡ
˺һŵΪβʱΪȥң
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˭
˭ܵõɱĴడ
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48 
ܽΪʲôָˣ
ΪʲôܷڿУɽôΥȻɵ
Ӳֹ˸ղǶޣ֮󣬻æһЩޣȻǾƽصһС
Ϊ½أӾͲֱ˰ɫĴβҫ¾Ȼһ˫Ĵȡ
ܽ۾ֱˣȻֿһ۰ƣ֪ҪҪӸߡ
ֻӲ˲ɫͷ̲סڵ٩ƣû뵽ͷҲˣĪʲô̼һҹ׷
ûֻǴܽСߣҵɽׯأܣ֮УҲȲ㡣
֪ˡ
Ǿ͹ԹԴڰ߾ͺˡ
ӻںţŵǲī֮ŰԼ⸱ģ
īٴγ֣ܽҪд¡ˣʱİҲͣ˽Ų
һ˲㳯ӷȥҲֻЦվţһײǰһ͸ǽϣֶá
ۣ벻ӾȻʵ
ܽҲˣʱӱĽһغݣΣī᲻᲻
䡪
һǿԽϮȥüͷţԼվ֮ƺһһܽǰǶεǽѺۣƻɢź
ʮֺˡ
λͣ飬ĪҪƽˮǡ
ʱһŮ˴òӺݻģЦ׺ʮ㣬Ҫ׽
ʱƷ˷䣬ѽ˻һ΢
ɻվڵϣƵʱ̬ʮִݣ׹δ
û˵ֻƳһۣŵȥ
ȻҲˣһȥͰɣ
գǰסɻȻȻҲþûȹ廨ˡ
ɻӵͷҲܾǣ᣺ãȻȣȻ
УǿģȻͬĺвͬĺƹܣǴҶΪԺйӵĳƺ塣
·
Ʋĥߴɻ·ճɻżȻֿܽЦģֵˡ㣿
ȥׯ԰·Ȼʮ䣬ܽȫǲ·ģһ̺ܽſҵׯ԰˵ׯ԰ׯ԰ռ˰ɽͷĵأͷһɱҲûʲôˡ
ûضɫķװмׯ԰ǰĿյˣŸɫ·ɻ׷׹غһ
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һ·ϣɻʲôԵĺȵģǾ֣ؾнΨûнԼҵĵλ
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ֻǣΪʲôӸ˽
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˴ΰ׹ǷҪҪҰ
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ܽɻĵӴˣɻܽ£úع
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Ѿҵ˼ζҩˡ
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ʱµĲĹֻز飬ֱİƵԪ
ǻѪͽ֮ѪѾҵˣѰһѰա
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ΪҪԵߣ
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ɻ
һ˴ߣôģ
ƶ˶Լβָ͵Цһĥ
ѱеʹʹйźá
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ùˡ
תܿɻĴһ˫̤ѩ׵ĵذϣ߳ſڡ
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ĥ
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Ҫī棬Ϊź˿Ҳ棬ֻǷľÿô


49 
ڵֵܽòˣóԣǸҲóԣ
ܽڹ԰ԵЦȻѾٹȣĺúóԣǸҲóԣֱ˼ɾͲסһЩ
ҲԼֲɹƿɺúˣ
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ôᣬǿͣԵ㣬Щÿ춼Գԡ
ҾͲˣ
ˣˣóԣԣ
ܽԵúܻҲܺÿͣܽæǰæض˹ӣȻֵȲȾƣҴȥȵƣ
ðð
ܽʵȾƣĹôóԣľһҲܺúȣȣ
ǸòʮҵŮʵѾʮԣĿˣдҪʶһ
ǰʲô˰˵ǰ£
šҷɣ

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ôʶǰİ
ֻǻܽش𣬰ƾˡԵ춼ǺϹܽƲüͷ
Ǻ
ܽϴɽóһԼɾȻɵԼİɹصǰ𣿡
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ССôã۵ĵ²ǰ
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֮ܽƳһϿ˵ľ̳ӣΪư˼ҵľƽѴˣһʱʱͺôࣿ
ôôƣ
ܽЩģ߲ͬľƣȶȻҲҪġ
£ĪҪ̫ࡣ
ܽһŬŬ죬ˣҪǶ˵Ҳ֪᲻ᱻ
ϣܽһֿ˿ڣܽ
ܽ
ܽðĺ֣ǰһ˲Ž˼ҲҪܣֽ˼ҹȥ
ˣҲѾϰ˰ƵƱ䡣
ܽ˹ȥŸ߽ӱ㲻ܿƵƷȥŵܽ㾪гĻʱܽסˡ
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㡭롭
Ƶܽؿڣܽʱȴ㶣Ŀڵըѿһ
ˣī԰ɣ


50 
ܽðƿԼմȾһŨľ͹ι㡣
ܽļЩᣬڴʱ˿̺˰뱧˲ԼһˣһĻµˡ
ܽǱ˱ƵͷǻԼĻУļȡ
ܽ
ƻ֣ܽܽһңԶ޷԰Σһžѹ
§סܽԸſܽҲûƿֻǵһôܵؽӴЩʴӡӵǸܣΪƵͷԼؿϣԼ̽һ
뿪ɱ㡣
գܽһ仰Ȼֿʼµɪɪڣܽð仰Ҳ֪ԼûиоǾðûС
ܽŰƻطˣԼ뿪Щƣŵߣû뵽ɻ
ɻܽһȥԲܽҲûܾúôôķݡ
ܽͷԲɻЦԵ㣬ʱʱܽüī峺·ɾ
֮䣬ɻֿīǸϴЦδйƢˡ
ԣƢġ
ۣǼҵĶʵ̫óˣֱͣ
ţӣҶԸ׼óԵġ
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̫ˣ
ܽ¸һٳԣԼǵƶûˣˣŸɻ졣
飿
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֪ΪΣͻȻܽǻƹݵģϾûһƬ⣬ڵòȥԶ
ʱǸ˺ܰޣںҲܰޡ
ˣߵǰƲŻع
ǰ
һƬƬڣ˫ȴ쳣͸ףǰ㴿⡣
ղŵ񣬺


51 
ղŵ񣬺
ʵֻһ䣬ȴɫĪҪ໰
ǡ
⻹ǵһθư֮ǰʱҽңɻȻǲԼ̽ġʱٶ꣬ҽѾ֮ƣܹﵽơ
ȻƬ֮ɫ˱䣬ıһƬƬڵĳ֮£żֻ
ǰˡ
ⲻսܵˣջ۱ĥˣôܡ
ܻô
ûж˵ֻʽ¶ɫڰϢ֮³һи취
ֻҪ㲻ҿԿһҩ㡭
Ǿû취
˵һԵɻҲҡҡͷչʱã˶ˣôвֵʱ
ţһһ취
ϽŵֻҪҵѪͬ޼ɡ
֮Щ˵ۣ˵˵ʲô
νͬޣڱ˴֮תǣ˫ޡ
Խ˵ɫԽ죬ɫ죬˫޷룬⡭⵹Ҳ̶ֳȡ
˫ޣҲǿԵġ
инѪأ
һԼɫӣźۼһ䡣ȻӲһôнѪǰ˵ǿеġ
ԡ
ˡ
˵ֵ꣬ҿԿһҩҩܹõĻˡ
š
Ӧº󣬰ƾ뿪ˣʱſɻʵҲ֪ǰôô
֪
ܹʲô˵ĥ
**
ˣ
֮УһŮܽץסһϵ˭
ޱ޼ʵǿǺܾܽһĪĹ¶УֻϽҵһĴڡ
ˣҰ
ʱһŮǿ֮нΣһµŮýοˣܽüɫسɱһѱס
ܽ˽̤ʵصʵˣһƮƮˡ
ܽͷֻԼؿڸߵŮֵǡ飿
ǰˣ㻹ǵҰ
ܽ첻˵ǽ飬һẦµġ
鵥ܽҲԸƭңҲī
ɿܽؿһۣЦ¶ֻɰĻˣˣ
ܽ˵ͨͷˣֻҽܽأ
Ҿͽв׺
ˣǲҪѧ׺òã
ܽգ֪׺Լ˵ġ
ðҪôѧҺܱģƢ
ᰡôܻ᱿ڲ׺Ŀµһˣ
ˣˣҶ˼ˡ
ң׺˵īɣԼմīĹ⣬ǡռ˰ɣ
ȵñǿһЩ繶ȥ
Ҫô
ܽδ˵꣬׺ǣסԼ֣оԼͲ׺Ʈһ轣ʶЩ֮У޷԰Ρ
Ǹ֮ظŽܽ˺þúþãֱԵһ˳ӽǿһЩ档
һλ䣬Լվ֮УվŵһµĲ׺
ˣҪ𣿡
ţһġ
ܽԼ˿ڣ׺ɱ˵ɫתΪ֡
ţ׺ģ
ˣܽٿ˹ϢЩȵش㱼ŷԼ֮سˡ
ҹǳµĹ⻪С֮ϣԶİĺԺԼ㡣
ܽҲڴҲ˹ߵܽߣʵвʣ
ûûС
ǲ֪ΪΣǶιĻ澹ȻԼ
ǱڴӲ׺ϰĽʹһҿ
ڣ
ǣ˻ʱ
ԡ
ֽ͵ֻʹμס
á
ܽվ˶ǣ轣֮ǰʵ붨˶ã
һ꣬Լĳ϶Ǻܴġ
ա
ܽһûãǺüꡣ
ܽһȻߵԺӿտ֮׺ƾԺ￴ģϰһһεĶʼ
ܽҲ֪ԼֽôˣѾʹö飬ҲȻ֮ԽŷǽһһʵĽۡ
Ϊ㣬ȫһΣܽˡ
ܽˣžʽܺãԼ̫ˣȫʽʹһαˡ
㿴񣬴ܽͣŻعδ֮껹һμЩУֻϧܽΪ̫ͣδܷӳʽһ
ڿĻܽҲֻǱٹȾڰɣ
㿪ڣһʹ˹ղȡ
ܽڴҲûǺʱߵģץסֻܽһۣ׺֣˵ϡ

ƵЩ䣬ܽʱЩľҲ֪ԼôǵˡĪΪԼʹīĽУԼˣ
̫ìˣϣԼǿֲԼǿ
ҡ
ȥɣ
ƿһֻۣǹҾʾ԰˴ߣܽȫ̶ûκλȨ
ܽز׺ɵظڰ󣬱Ǽ䴫һ㣬ƳﴫģܽЩĶ
ϴ͸Լľƻûأһȥȼڡ
ֻܽû뵽˵ġȥܽԼ䣬ܽȥ䡣
ʲô
ܽЩţǼŹιζЩȡ
ô𣿡
ܽľͷһվԶֻ򴲱ߣ֣㱾˯

ͼۣнչô𣿡
ܽǣļǮ
ͼʲô
ܽûûʲô
Ϊʲô
䷿ԼдĴ齣ΪηҪһ˯ҡҹŮŮһҴֻǲõİɡ
̫ˡ
ߣָ֣ܽ΢΢£ܽ㲻Ʈ齣ȻӲص档
ǣ㲻ǿŮ
ͿͿأ
ҲûܽǾֵı飬ԹԵ֮󣬱§סܽĪҪҶɱ㡣
ܽ¾͸һľͷһڴˣҲûжľٶֻǱš㣬ſйιζĻģֻסֱܽ֫ܽϡ
һɹǳ԰ƵϴݶԼȫȻֻص˰Ƶڡ
Ǹʲô
Ʋ֪Ϊ̾˿ܽҲʣֻǰţɰǳԼȥܶʼ
ܽΪ̫ˣ޷֮ת̫ܽĸˣܸƵİֱˮнʤްɣ
㡭䡣
ƱܽþãܽԽԽ䣬Լʼ֮ǰܽ˿ڡ
š
ɶ˼Ͳܷſң
̲ܽסЩʱܽʣΪô䣿
ûסֹȥѰƵסͼůһЩԼ֫ҪˡƵֺɴΪսָм룬Ī
ҲûзѵõܽסĪҪʡ
򣬱ġ


52 
ɫ续ϵǺܽ㴩ӳֵɼܲסϵ䡣
ŰƵģͼһůڱƾ֮󣬼Ҳ˵ˡƵϢҲ𽥵ƽ˯ˣܽʶº󣬾ҲСˡ
Ҳ֪ûҪУǿô죿
ܽҲԼϾڲϵתԼǻᰤ
ܽԼȥӦ䣬תҲΪЩ⡣ղ轣֮ѾףܽҲֲס˯⣬ǳ˯˹ȥ
Уһһһһˣһƣӳ죬ľɫ
롭
**
ڶ죬ܽʱѾˣԼ̫ˣһ˯˯˸硣
ϴһԺʱҿ˿ȷϰûڣ߸˵ȥ԰׼һˡ
ֻû뵽ƲڣȴѲӡ
ܽ
ɹܽ񱻶ԭһŻи񣬱ûбܿӵл

ܽҲòػһ䣬ȻӾ͵ݹһɹҪҪͬΣ֪ɽׯĵط
ˣһҪ
ܽҲû˵ѣǱƴߵģǽһҵԼԼ֮ǰ԰һ٣Ա˺øɻû뵽ӡ
Ȥұ㣡
ܽգҪʲôѾˡ
ܽһ飬קסеɹȻɽ֮УȻֱͦãھȥ
Ȼܽعͷ˵п˵
аɡ
ȻЩʧСĥѵѲ
ǸƫƧ˵ԺӣǽϵĽֶ˼Ҷ£Ƭ
ܽú䤱Ӻ䤱ǡΪӻһֱԱ߿Ű
רġ
֪˻ӣһֱܽϣܽ˻һ۵亹ֱð
ƣôҵʦҲ̫ϸ˰ɣ
ܽٷֻǶ輸Σڵϣһμˡ
̫ˣԼΪ̫ͣҲӲԭܾԼϹôõĽС
εؿڵϵܽ¿ܻò⽣С
԰ͺˣ
Ӵʱڣȴ⵽һǰۡ
Ҵһ׻ķħ㿴ˡ
ܽʱߵһԣ׼ʾСħҲѣʮּʵõʽӦһЩСС֣Ӧûǹȥġ
ܽ͸ħֱϲͣܽڵϣû뵽ԼȻôһĽǷͼǿˡ
վȵ
ǰκûܽģɼΪĲӰĸɾ̶ȡ
ͼҪȥϴɣȻƼҪһƤ
ͼܽһ飬ʵ㣬ûпϴĵط
Ҵȥ
Ը£ܽȴеˣܾ˶Լ⡯
УԷԸ˸ˮڷϴ
ڣڷϴͺˡ
ܽ˵ЩʧҲûǿܽǱԻͻȥģҲ֪ʲô취ţصʱ򣬷Ѿ廨һͰϴˮˡ
ܽţŰĵ裬ϴˮֹ㣬ƺƣ͵Ĺܣܽһȥ˯ˡܽһ˿ѣŽƻ᲻ҲҪԼȥ˯ŲԡͰ˯ȥ
ݺúܽþͳȥû뵽ӻԺԼ
ܽԵ㶫
Ժʯϰڷ˺һЩӺ͹ǣܽܲסʳջ󣬻˹ȥ
Ǿģ㲻رЫ
ܽ
ô
ͼУɵӶܿ
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㡭ôʶģ
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һԵɺϱŵĵȣңͰҴȥˡ
ܽʡ˺öص㣬Ҳû˵ѣȷĥֻԼ֪ˡ
Ů˹Ȼͼ
ֹһһֻųԵܽû壬ҲûʣгԵľͺˡ
ͼͲ񣿡
ܽԶԶԣ񣡡
óԣóԡ
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̫ˡ
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˵ּһ䣺Ǹˣദġ
ܽ˵ûǡڰƵвÿÿ뵽һȣܺͲ֮䷴
ʵҲô
˺ֶܶ࣬αȽϺ˵ɾ͸ɰˡ
Ӳ⣬Ҳû˵̫ƵĻиܽʱ䣬ɲѻⶼŵϡ
ҪϲԣٶЩ꽣ͿԳˡ
ˣֻܾܾܽˣˣһԼȥá
б̫ǲõġ
Ҹ˵˵°ɣ
ð
ӻЩʧ䣬ܽ˵ҪԼ˵£ͻȻѪˣҲΪܽô
ܽͻȻã嵹ͦģûôơ
ܽ룬˵һЩİ£ףϽŮ޳ǣţ֯Ůߴȵȡϧȴôޣʮ־һ˫۾ؿܽ۵׻ųݵĹ⡣
ݸ
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ˣԸ˵ЩҾͺܿ֡
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ҹˣҸϢˡ
ܽоԼӶˣԼҪ˵ЩʲôӲŻᰡ
ܽվ־Լ˵ÿڸģЩԼǲҲõ㣬˵ѣ
Щ𣿡
ԣ㶼ȥɣ
лл
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ô£
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ǡ
ܽ²žԼĽܶˣСܵƵߡƺֲ´һЦƣϰߣ֪֪
ܽͷƤ飬ʱ˺ӵ졣
룬Ҳķ֮УҪҪԣ
Ӳ˵ˣֻǲĵؿƣֱ뿪ԺӡܽͻȻоķĿ££ƫƫķǸĵط
ȥˣ
ܽһ춼ûƣֻȥоһɻϰĹܲͻơ
ܽһ˾񣺡ͻ񾳣
š
ܽǺ£ɻƽãʲô£ɻƻܰæ
ʱƺץסܽ󣬲ʣսϰнչ
ܽʵʵذѽϰݸ˰ƣص˵ͷ
ص䣬ɱܽ˯ܽһ÷Ťͷǰ˯գ̲סʣңҿɻ԰𣿡

ƻۣ۵͸һ˿䣬ʣգ˵Ķʲô£
һЩ¡
ףôˡ
ΪҪ˵Щ
ƴʱӣӸµؿܽ䵽ܽļձߣ˲
ƭƭ顣
ܽʵʵ˵㶣ǹһĨЦݡ
ԭˡ


53 
ܽڶħӲ׺ѧĽ׶ˣֻһֱЩĲɣ˺üΣֱ϶Ǻ˺ۡ
֮ܽϴ˸裬û뵽Ѱˣʵڲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԺܽЩΣ˹ӣܲʲô˵ɣ
ûй𣿡
ڴؿܽܽȻԼ˵츳Ժ͸ϳɣ
Ϊܽѡ˵ԼĹ¡
СʱĸѲҲܿΪˡ
ܽ˿ڹӣôЩɬ
ҶС飬ɻݲģ˻ȥֻ꣬ݼӶ˷⣬˵ˣ͵һ¶Ժӡ
Сһκֵܿʱ⣬ȻҸ˽ѣԺèèѣҲ˼С
ܽ˵ŵʱһĨЦƺǵù¶Ժֻܱ۸İèֻǱè۸Сƹ
һԸƧ̫̫Ϊûѣ̫̫ܻչԲܻڷһСӡ̫̫˵ԼǰҲһŮСһʱ򱻹ˣСŮСܺá
񣬼ûдڣܽԴ˵Ŀ˵Ī
Сʮ꣬ԺӷһСʱûüѣΪҪ̫̫ðˡ
Ǹ˺þãܽɼǵúϾɵϣΪնûˣѵ£Ҫȥʶȴģ
̫̫Сڻһ·ܿܳȥ̫̫еˣˤһӣСҲ˳ȥ̫̫Ǳľ׮ѹסӲˡ
ĻССܡ
˵ܽȻס˴û˵Ѽʳʻȥ
С˳̫̫ȴԶǸطշתطСˣԼ׬ǮԼˣȴһƬհס
ûˣûѣаˣΪԼ˭˭ͻòҡèèΨһο塣
ܽЦţ˵ˡСƵĽ֣ϧС̶̶ʮ꣬Ͳ˴ϣ˵ӦǸĵķɣ
ܽ˵󣬱Щ̧꣬ۿӵʱ򣬷ǺۿܽϾ
ϷϷ
ûʲôΪλˣ
ӵۿֺ˼֣ܽлᣬŵ֪±ӺùһЩɡɡ
ʵܽЩţûѣѣԼ׽Ҳܲģֻаһˡ
üͷͰ͵صΪκúõһ˾͸ˣ

ʱܽ˵ģҲ˵Щèèһᱣġ
ͻȻͿܽ㶣û뵽ӵĿ޵
ЩèèһģҲģ
ӿſţµˮ°ͣһԲ̰׵飬Ȼϡ
ܽץסԲ̵̧ۿӣڿޣȴûˡ
ΪԼǺĹϵӶСĹ±Ƚ׶ݣһʰˡܽûʲô˽ľ飬˵ˣ룬ֻ뵽ֱеİ취ˡ
Ȱͣ޵滨ģһžµȾᣬֱ߲ܽûжҲֻܵȥϴɣٿ۾ˡ
ӣصҲˡ
ܽǿ飬ʼӵĶòʣܸ𣿡
ԣȥɣûʲôֵ
ԼóԼ˲ֵҽµıˡ
ǡллˡ
ܽû뵽Լɲž˵ûͷûԵĹ¾ȻᣬֹİͲˡ
컹˵𣿡
ڴؿܽܽȴֻҡҡͷʱ벻ʲôùˣ
粢ûôã㲻Ҫ档
ܽĳ˵һ䣺ںУҲǺֵܿġ
ƶǶȥˣҲûдӦ򲻴ӦܽҲôˣԼȰ˾ˡ
ͼǧ˰ٵֵˣһ֧֧ѡӻ򲻽ӡ
ܽ˵
ͼȥһũȵᣬֵ֧ũշһֻС裬һֵ
ܽС𣿡
ͼԡ
ܽãҽ¡
ܽԼа취ģҪû취аơ
ͼˣʧܵĻ͵٣֧ʧܵĻ١
ܽ㲻ʧ˵ʱ˵
̫ˣȻȱӦ˲˵۶٣ᱻͼ
ͼⲻӦ̫죬ûü𣿡
ܽûͼͣҪ˵ȰӻȥϢʱѰˡ
ȥ
á
Ǽ򵥴ֱ
ʱˣδƽôܰ˴أ
ιƣͲˣܽڸ˵
ûӣֻǿ߲ܽߣ
ߣ
ߣٲҾˣ
ܽߣһǸ˵һʧԺС
ңõˡ
š
ȻܽΪҪ飬˽ȷϡ棬ϲռ챦ʿⶫҲǿˡ
Ͼ弫ٻ֣Ҳ޷뺣ףϡ
ƺ쳣ƣܽܿ˯ˣֻ˯ǰԺ䣬ƺ˵һοھƺʲôķĿھ
ܽܲ³ôˣžǰְɻоķȥˣҿӣƺʮڴ¡
ŴҲһ͵ģӦǺŬҴš
գ˵Լ£Ͳܽ轣ˣܽȥ˹԰ԳԺȺȣҲдԼ
գһͲӰƺɻɻа취֮ǰǶ뿪ˡ
ܽ˵ǸϢǲ֪С᲻᲻ԹԵظ滨ˮ
ڹ԰һٺܽУۻһʵս顣ͺģʹ˿죬ܽܿмܲסڵϡ
̫ˡ
ˣֻҪڼϰһҲԵġ
ְܽдһܽȻˣʼӵסУҲܷȥˡȻЧƽƽǺôҲҵ϶ȥܽ˵Ǹ
дܽȥɽܵĴ󺣡ƻĺ紵Щ壬ɫҲΪƻɫӳĲ⣬鶯ࡣ
ָԶĺ򣺡ķ
ܽĿȥָӦǸСĵ죬ôžһҬˡ
ôôϤ
ôоԼȥ
֮±ķǺ˶Ϊɵĵط
ܽš
ܻȻϾѾܾˡ
һǵõŮֳܱģػ򰲶˼֮ô
ˣܽĪظоһĲҲܿŨĵ֮ɫ


54 
һ˵õֳܱô
ԶһȷĴ𰸡
Ͳ֮ǱܿջǱ
ջŤͷܽЦţĺܿ֡
Ҳá
ܽҲȥ᳾ķţ֮ҲǶ̶̵һʱգվҪص쳾֮Уһˡ
ֻǼʵҲţǲţ֮ʱֵܲܵס
Цݣʵأô
ܽûôĴһˣֻӹŰˡ
ֱȻӴ֪ⶫĴڣԽǱܿԽǺ棬ֱʱʲôһ컯
գ㶣Цܽлˣ
һϯʤʮ顣
ܽ¾ЩˣͷЦҾһЩ׾
䣬ܽȥԸ㣬ܽԵúܸˣûûԼ
Եòˣܽƣҿ˿ҲܲƵϢ棺֪ȥ𣿡
֪ǰڼ
ȥ𣿡
ǲܵģ֮ʱɻǱš
˵ҲǣǾͲȥˡ
ԱܽصԼ䣬־òףȥƵԺӻһȦ
Ӧʱˣǰƶû᲻ǳʲôⰡ
ޣһǿߣܹʲô⣿
ܽ˼֮ʣһһ
ͷȥʶûûõػˣĵҲ֪ΪλһûʲôҾɢɢԶˡ
⵹Ҳû˵ѣȷǳԶˣϾĶ̫óˡ
պ̻š
ô죿
ܽû뵽ԼĿôͽˣȥ֮ҪţҲ֪ᷢʲôңôôˡ
˼ˣˡ
ŤͷܽЦĪʲôѵģ
ܽŰƵı飬Щ죬˵
ģĹӺܺóԣԺӦúѳԵˡ
ܽ˵󣬻Լľ˳ˣҸģ˵Ǻþơ
ƺ񽥽ڻܽǸСľƺ«ٿܽһֻˣԼȰɣҲȹˡ
ĸң
ܽû뵽ԸԼǲֶһݿԺˣ
ô
ǲǣлл㣡
ܽ˵һƣ֪ΪζһЩܽԾظƻ˷ǳְһ
ʣʵɻͻ𣿡
ᡣ
Ʒǳ϶Ӧһ䣬ܽȻðƳ粻Щʵһ飬ĺ츳
оԱ
Ҫͻƣ
£ꡣ
΢΢ۣܽ͵ĲΪ
΢ɫ͸©˽˶һʵɫÿԳô˿޼ɵ˵֮С
룬иǿͬһߵģô֮ʱһ
գû˵ɿ˵ĲƾµĳЩ飬ʼǲġ
ûûɣҲ
ܽãҪˣԼ񲻾ʧôӸ棬
ĿһֽϾڣǰЦЦдų֮⡣
ǰ
ƶ˶٣Щˣ˵ȥˡ
ܽס˴˵ð֪Ǹ˭ܾðƶ¹ڻ
ʵɫ֮Уܽ޷ѰƵӿУʵӣǸʵİơ
Ƶ粢ǷǺڼףʵĻɫƾͽ֮䣬аġ
ңҲˡ
ܽϧˣ춼ôܰȥ
Ʊ̧ܽʶӣֻԼϣ̹ǡ
ܽ˸飬ӲǰƵָᣬỮ
úúݽ棬־ܳ
Ƶָһ䣬Ⲣв򾯸棬ʵ
ǿΪޣΪ⣬粻Ķɡ
û˵ܽΪ˯ˣҲزɣҲץסƵ֣ס
ǿЩ˯ɣҪȥˣԼЩԶЩʱ
ֻϧԸΥǲģΪһͱȥˡ
ʱŷŹ
Ϊ̫ͣǱǡ
˶٣˵һ䣺ĽнŬ
˵ô󣬻ǰƱȽ㻹һٴٸһǣҲˡ
һġ
ƺеæûܽ뿪ˡܽȥ԰ԹӣٲԣܿͳԲˡ
ֻû뵽ԼԵʱˡ
㣡
кüССɫӣɫܾⶫж
⣬ʲô
ʱ˹˱ûصһ˵ô˼ԭǶժȥ
˵κιӶԳҾժ˼ܽ
ܽûԹֹӣͶȥĿ⣬ҲĵؽͣΪ԰Ҳ࡭
̫أҲա
һرܽɲҳ顣
û£°ɣѵһΡ
ҲȰܽ£ʢȴܽˡ˵ԼվҪȥˣΪغ˵£Ҫȥ
ΪǸֺеĹ̸֪ӻǶغĴ֮һʵʮǿܽƽ֮ʱӲһСҲ֤ȷˡ
ţ˵ԼĽ㣬延һǿ֮ˡٶǰ延Һذ׶˳䣬鱣סˣһٶǰŵ
Ǹ֮ʲôӰ죿
ܽ棬ôֻҪ鲻ô˾Ϳ޸
Ҳ̫ڿƼ˰ɣ
ֻǸһΣ֮Ҫܼ
ܽһʱȻкڿƼҲǺڵ޷졣
ͼԵģ¿󣬻ðȥϵͳʱ仹Ǻܳģܱ˺á
ܽ˵Ȼеţ
ͼ
ܽ
ڽ˺ģҲ֪ˣ򡭡
򣿡
ܽ񣬳Թϻľʳ
þ취ҲҪƱ⡣
ܽһۣ廹ִţҲ⣬ŵò֮ˡ
Ҳ֪Ǻ£ǻ¡
Ҳ֪ǰƵʲôõġ
仰˵ͲͬˣǰΪɽĶ᲻ã
ܽһоҪˣȰͣڴ廹𣿡
ӱ볳ջǲոôãѾָ߰˰ˣٹʮңΪָܻ߳ˡ
Ǿͺá
ʲôã
ʱƵ֣˶һ˵ֵܣ飬Ĳȣһ߻ħʱΪħޡ
ħ޶֣ӵɫ˱䣬ǰ˼֡
ˣΪλ֡
Цӵ˼λʧܣ飬ħ˷ˣʹͿ
㲻δѣӾ裬ڴ˸̸ۣӷʡҲߣ


55 
첻ɢ֮Ӿͻȥˣȥ֮ǰܽһݣ⺣ܽϵͬһֻϵӵֻˡ
ܽҲȥħ޵¡ԭٶ޷õλԹޡľ飬߻ħħޣ֮Ƴǧ޺ټ彫ʿ׼ػλ
غȾѪɫذ׶˳֣һ²ϵĿսղŷ쳵Ϊɱ彫ʿ⿪쳶޵Ŀơ
쳱ȥǣķ֮С
ķ
⺣ôֵ
ԣŮڶڱ
˵ֵ˵ǵõһλŵԸɣԡ
ܣ˭ʳ𣿡
ǡ
˶٣ҿ˿ȷû֮󣬱ǰӰ
ӰƵĽ㣡
Ӱ֮ʧƣҲò֧֣³
֪ΪΰӰҪ֧쳣
Ͳö֪ˡ
ܽûеõ𰸣ЩźϾҪ뿪ˮˡܽһ壬˵Լźܿͻ߶ֻҪ壬ܽϵ
ֶһֻ
ͼ˵ģɽãƻֱʲôǿˡ
ܽԽѧļޡ
ܽ˺󣬱Űƻȥˣ㴦ºϸϵٶȵĻǿһš
еطԽȪغ֮ʱûٳ֣Ǳ˵ʹûٴŰɡ
ƣһ㲻شǾͲҪش𣬱𣬱ҡ
ڱĿİƻۣ紵ƽ˿ɣ֮С
ӰǸʲôˣ
ʵܽûȥ˼ȻǸȨΪһ֮˽ʹͿ̿˻ʲôûɫ
ӰӦˣȨӰǳħĺӡôУӰƷУ׿߹ߵŮʱ򣬰ƻĪ񶾵
ȻİӰģ
۵¶һ˿ͺ⣬ֻղܽ˵ģûΪʧضܽ֡
ֱؿܽʲô۵һ˿ܽľ⣬һ˿ġ
Ϊ
ܽʵ棺˵ӰӦ쳶ȨҾ֪Ӱͬۡ
ƺܾȵӣӰʵ֮ˣ
Ȼǡ
ܽϷϣðӰģԼɲ˵ӰĺûҲΪӰʲôˡ
ȻԸ壬ɿ۵ģһ㶼ʲôö̫ȷĺףƶģȻʹˣ˿϶Ҳʲôݽɫˡ
糣ĺͺ˵ϲú
ֻǴҶ˵ʵ֮ˣΪɽٹףҿˡ
ƵɫͲ٣ֻŷ֣ץס磬ɺƮҪץסһЩɿĹ
Ӱ쳣
Цָ£ץʲô˻ͶһĪøС
νɼ壬ʲôԣǻãĥﵽԼ򣬽񾳵Ŀİˡ
Ӱֻ̳īȴʹݵֶΣõԼҪġ
ƵĿƮԶƺӦ쳣ҲΪ˵õѪˣѪҩܹΪҲӦ᲻ϵظѪ
̫ܽѨԼ˵ѪӰ
ԡ
ܽһƤ񣬺Ȼɽ绹Ǹ˳˵Ŀµط
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˵ɱ˰ӰͰôܽ棬Ƶʱʲôֶ¡
û˵ܽʱǵЦ⽥
ʬ
Цŵ˫̥ǵǹ֮ˣǰѪ߹ǹۻ֮ѪһԼѧ
ӰΪǶԵģĸ֪뷨һ˽°ѹңǧ򲻵֮ʱչ¶
ڱ֮ʱ;԰Ӱ¶ʬڱѪҺ
ˣܽɴ۾ˣƺҲֹˣֻʣ°ĨЦ⡣
ûм˵ȥܽþ޷񣬵ǻ£ȴѾʲˡ
仰ܽʼڷ΢ڵ֮УúëֱʲôΪλѶԼԴ˶ɱ˰Ӱܽ룬һɲԨ
ܽɫЩףʶ㱣ĸͼ̸һ·ػصš
ΣƲûֱӻȥɽɽ֮ǰŵɽŵĵ
μʦ棡
ӷ׷׹ƿҲûϿһۣһâ漴£쫷ϯһֻ̽һŮӴ̤ŵ߲Ǻ׿òϳˣһӡ
кʶ̽ȥܿͲǴǿߣǲĴڡ
ա
ǡ
ҲûЩ˳Լ̽ʶûʲôòصģԼڵΪǿסЩˡ
ƴһڵ˽ǵȻܿյϢϸ˹ʲô
Уֻ߹в鲻ԸˣҲΨհˣưƵһӾͿˡ
ڵʱ䣬Ŷôˡ
ܽصŲЩ̤ʵУֻǼӭڵĳǣܾý춨Ȼд·һڵǿͻȻϰ׽͸뷨⵱ȻЩΪֻԪӤڵĳϸов
ҲѾд˳ˡ
ʦ棬λǣ
ȿڣҾº͵ЦšǺƵ֮²һôĻģ˭
㡣
գϳҾ֪ǰ͡
δ˵꣬Ʊͣŵġ
˻һҷ׷¶ı飬üͷɫŵƺˡɫ˱䣬ȴʼձЦ⣺ֻڱչأʦôᡭ
㲻Ҳ뵱ô
ƴĻȻϷϣʦˣֻǰæŴ
һ˵ҰģҰǺ£Ϳû¡
ƲƱ磬ȻҪλãͲֻһزҴҴƵĺĿ䵽ϣЦҪôλҪôһ
ǣ

ЦţغвֱѰǡ
Ҫ򣬱ֱɣĪҪ˷ѱʱ䣬ǲ¾ôˡ
˵Ѿٳһ׼սⲢܽһμ彣֮ǰֻһҲûġ
˵⽣ǧ䣬໯սʹãõ˷ʤǵ֮Կ֮һ
ָ̡
ٳ彣ҲƣĳЩ޷εɱѾڿˡ
Ҷоˣһս


56 
գư׷壬Ź㳡ȴһһǿҵɱ⣬ŷ紵֮ϣһĪս
˲֪ʱ˵һԣֻվˣǱ
һۣսŨͬһ£ȴɫûŨҵս⣬֮䣬ֲأӡ
һ֣ѸٵذΧкݾƺûд־ս˼
ɲֻؿڵȴʲô
⿴ܽЩżƵӣʵӮ𣿡
ΪʲôаôǸΧԼ
ܡ
նصȻЦ䲻вĺá
ʲô
û
ɳļʸ㣬ܽΪһ亹ʱһɵ˷İΧҵ˾Ŀ϶ݷ֮ʱʩ϶ȥ
ǱưϮɫ󾪣зӡһգзǰĹ
þ׼Ĺ
ܽԼҲѧ˵㽣ƽʱֻĽ׼û뵽о˾׼
ѽеºĽȻˣѸٵĽٳ󣬵ʱ㳡ޱȡ
󷨸֡
㵭˵һ䣬ڽϲ˼㣬裬ֻʲôӦ顣
ǡ
ܽδֳ棬ϾƽֱñƵģ裿
ÿ󷨶ۣҪôҵƽ֮Ǳһ͸ĲС
ƽܽƶǶص˵ͷעս
ʱƺҵ˽Ľ࣬һнһе¿£صЩɳһɫķ䣬״̤磬˿
䡪
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ɫͲʲôöӡ
㲢ûӰ죬ֻмһĹâڴһδӦ͸ļ֮С֪ͷʲôֻһ˲䱻ɢʧӰ٣ΧŰڵϵ
ʤѷ֡
ȻܽúźҲ֪ղŷʲôǿôģһʹ졣
Ŵ̧ͷ֮ʣĽԼǰھԼǸ춯ôһɥ
ҵ񽣷Ȼ鴫
Ȼûм񽣷񽣷⣬ֻ˻ʹҲ˵ĳò
һδʹ񽣷ⲻԴʡ
ʣʱʹ꣬ʱǿ񽣷˵ǴΧɱеĽУʹ±˲١
δʹֵĽѾ£ɱġ

ƴʱ㳡룬һеķšס˺ڹ㳡ȣŲڵڵϣʧӡ
Ұ˽УõԼҪģǱǱõ㾫ŪȨϡ
Ƹ˸ջеʱȺ˲ſʮΧס
㲻ҲԼ˵
̤ǰһֻ³һɫԲηмʶĶ֪Ǻ֣ܹͬ顣˼ˣɫ䣬õĳ̲סվ飺ʦ飡
ʵʵʧ
۵׵ʧ֮ɫ٣ܽƺҲΪΰ˵Щ廨ͷ۸Լ˵ʱõĶԵУǺݾ࣬ʵˡ
ȻŴ̹ǵĺ⣬ڲǽ׵Ͻ˱ӡ
ĴɫʼûпģҲʼһֱؿŰơ
о⣬Ҳвʡ
ָ£ûֻҽһ֧أһ˫СȻѪȾ˰׿㡣
Сʹ룬Ҫסʵ׷󲻳֮ʱǿһЩ£޴
˵Ż˶η壬ֻܽ񡣲֪ΪΣƶеʦˣȻֶβЩ׻˾֮ģٷͬĴ
Ҳ֪Ƿ˻ûϡ
㽫ݴ֮λֱʱʣٸš
Ƽ򵥴ֱ֮󣬴ҲҲӣɳһһһذݼţҲǶˡ
Щ񲢲Ǻ⣬Ӧ˼º󣬱гȥҪڵ
ƺʮ㣬ҲȥţֱӴܽȥɽϡ뿪ʱ䣬ҲûʲôóԵģֱܽӱȻ˵СôԵġ
ܽûһٺ󣬱ȥЩԵģˡ
ֻû뵽Сȥɽ棬Լûüط䣬ͱƴˡ
ѧˣ

ǰɲǰɣƲҪԼĽɣܽŵĶڳдžִ٣һ۱ܿˡ
ΪҪĽ
ܽ
ҲûУ
ܽ˵Ļд˫־ִٵ̲סʧЦһָͰŪˣǱûˡ
ܽ
ܽˣľִٱôͣʵû취Ͼͻع
ϵʱ̫ˣôأ
ܽȻһȣϲ֪ΪĪһĸоرͷ
ûʲôµĻȻȥˡ
ܽԼߣ˫۶úܣҪǷԼʲôɬɬĶҲ֪ôԼ
š
ƻ㱳ܸܽоһµѹȸУ˺۵ĳ
ûߡ
ܽסҪת֮ʣȴƵ˫ץס򣺡Ҳû㶯
΢΢ɫĳƶ䵽ԼļͲϣ촽ԼĶߣоӵ
ʲô
ƵᣬȴЩ䣬΢Ц⣬ܽܽо˰ϴݹĿϢȻǲţϰӸĺ˳
ʱӸܽ˵һ仰ܽܽ˲׺һؽ䣬Ҫҵˣ㣡
˻һܽһϲķ̵ĺݣͰƱͷƤ顣
ģôͻȻ
˺ɫ֤ſܽת뿪ˡת뿪ˣ
⣿
ĵĺݻڷ̣ܽ˶עһЩãлл㡣
ֻѻȷҪһؽһؽ׺ˡ
Ų׺ȱһ֣ܾܽﲻ֪׺˲ԼҲĲ׺һ
ʱеĺַʲôʱ˼棬Ǹհ׵ġ
ܽĽڰƵԺˣô


57 
ŻϢܿʹɽ磬ŻҵˣͱøȤˡ
ҲǼѵɰƾȻܹõʲô취˲ö֪»˸ҷɡֻܽȥڴһũȵʲôʱʼϾ˲ٹͰƵĴԡ
ٵӶڽӣ˵ƺʵǾ˹ϵ԰ƲŻīʦ䵭˵ǰƵСˣЩ׵Ļ˵ʵǰƵ˽Ů
ܽԴͻͻͻطۣЩôܱ࣬ôͲȥ̽дС˵أԣȥдһⰡ
ܽΪȥѰѰʶˣֻкڣˡοһȷϺѾָòˣܽŰ
ũȵ¸¾ٰ졣
˶٣ʵȥ𣿡
ţȥʶʶ
Ҳãũλأأ߷͹ȣصĵطʤЩժҩϷã˵͵
ܽһ˾ȻΪߣͦõģ͵
ܽһЩũ£ǸһģһҪôҪôǻʯΨһͬȥСһ£ǱĪҪֱӴҩЩо綾ж˻鷳
õ鱨ܽĵػȥˣȥ˿滨滨ֳЩĩһСɫʮֿɰ
ںúչ滨óԵľС
滨ˮܽص￴Ѿþûˡ뵽֮ȥũӦû壬ԼȰѻ꣬ôʻȥ԰ԡ
ϻ˵ֿ¡׺Ϊˮ仰û˵ԼСС֮ˡ
ȻѾףʼò룬࣬в˻ʽӽϣõĴ࣬Ȼ˶ܾˡ
͸˲²ϲ󣬶ʸ־塣
ȪغȨң𣬴СС֮ȥƽϢˮסʮꡣ֮˹ϵƺһЩȥѰССССҲδˣÿζһ㡣
ֻǺĹѨĹͼƻȥϣ֮ССĹϵֵ˱㡣
ٺ𣬻˽磬ٴν֮սĿ־ʱ䡣
ʱԥͦԪʽɱɱ˵ˣΪ硣
ΪɣǰǰҲһʱʱ䣬ı
֮ССʧһʱ䣬˵ɱҹ֮أҲ˵ڱչءȻٴγ֮ʱһͷ˿֪ʲôѡ˱չء
ӴˣһУ
ⱾĽ֣ȻܽٷһҳڿŻһͷ˿İƣһǱ˵ī
ܽһμڷİơڷʱİƺ࣬Ҳ˼ֲɣУȻʼչЦ⣬嵹ǰϸˡ
īɫЦ⣬ܽΪǸԼ
ѹֵʱҪԼӲԭԼī죬˶ԼīˣҲѹ֡
ҲѹְƻԼī
ϻܽսɽ֪ΪܾЩ죬Ҳû˼ȥͷߡ
ȥɽСڣĸоܹɢֻԼ߳ԺӣԶнâֱֱ죬ư磬Ϣƺʲô춯
Ҳ˿Ƶ׼ڶȥܽ״Ȼȥʵʲô£
˶
ЦЦȤ
֮ܽǰ˵£ڵдĻᷢȻܽ컹ǵһμƣƶһܼҡ
ڣŷֲǵӶͺ嶷û뵽ԼŻȥʱȻ㶷ˡȻܿδȫǺлأʵʡ
䳡ھһ΢磬Χߵǣȴɢҿֵġ㵽Ϊֹ㲢ûеĽĨѵõ΢Ц˵һС
ʱĿ䵽ܽϣܽ˲˸顣ܽһƬΪҪԼд֮ʣջܽһ
ˣ̫ˡ
պѧɣ
˵꣬תҪߣǰһеţѾʦˡ
ͷ壬۵͸ʮĲһ˲䣬ܽƻеģűһеĲм
ظĪΪ粽ѽ
߻شԭأ˼ջǾȥⳡʵĶôˡ
˶ۺܵô˴Ǻ㣬Ƕʮֿغ塣
ܽ̾Ů籾˰ɣ
ȥˡ
ϷҲˣҲеӵĿ񣬱׼ܽȥˡܽӦº󣬸ڰߣũȵᣬʣ¸ũȵᣬȥ𣿡
ȥ
Ʒʣͷܽһۡ˳ԼĶͷˣҲſ֪ҲѾˡ
롭𣿡
ܽЩģؿ˰һۣö͵
ƺ
ԣҲҪȥ
ܽһʱϲüңŲҲ˲٣û뵽ô׾ֱʹˡ
һ
ܽ
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ͼҿ
ܽûͼƴʱ˵ԸĿʬ֧ŰʱͿȥᡣ
ܽ
ʬжǿжģܽϵ˿ڣ̲סԼǱץҪ죬ձ
ΪͷҲ˼죬Ҫڱϡ
ܽ
ܽЩҭ˵еŷҲȥԼǻ°֡ŷƹܲҩ⣬ҩ󼫴ũȻһֻ۱һֻۣǾͲŮô
վͿʼ
վͿʼ
ûӦϲ˵ڶΣܽҲˡ
ȥ֮󣬰ûиܽϢʱֱٳ˳ĺĿʬɡ
ȵȣΪûѰҳĺ䣿
ʧƣõҲƽ¶ŷӿ˭ֻ
ˣܽʼվ̬׷֮Ҳøʽĵز
պʮ޳ĺ
ԭҲĨȥˣĺҲǳʧˡ
ɡ
ƽָʮĶͷϣֻʮĶͷâһֱŵ˫ۡ
Ѫޡ
ܽ˶ץŲ׺Ķð˲ٺˮʮʱܽĶҪˣ屾ܵҲŶˣǺ˼ȻѧĽС
һ˲䣬˼һ𽣾ʮȥֻڶʼ˼֡
׺ʵʵڵشʮֱϣǡ
ƤӲ


58 
ӲƤĺӲ
ܽ¶û˵ʮֺֻұܣ±ʮǺָ׸ץˡצһץܽһ亹֮ʣһֱҪô
ϧÿηˣ޷ֱֺ̫ѶԸˣѹ㺦¹
ңҴ򲻹
ܽʹȫһԾϣվǽϣŶЩֻؿһۣû˵
죬
ܽ㿪ʮצӣ𣿡
ܽɰûжܽҲƵ·ˣֻðԼѹ׵ĽóֻԼ⽣ʹûаôĻ¾Ҫƨˡ
ܽ׺Լ𣬽ʮ£ʮؿڳһǳǳĽˡ񾭺ܽ־ʹܽӷܣٴ£ͬ˿ٴһ
ֻʮ񱻱ܽϲ֮ʱʮצӴ䣬ܽһʱ񣬱㱻ŵڵϡ
ˣ
צԼͷ­ϣԼԴժ֮ǰƵܽĿ־塣
סְɡ
ܽסֻ־ͣԼķ˿֮ϣһɢҪܽ߳亹ס
ܽڶŤͷƣµòӷᣬתþΪԼҪ̫ˣԭ־ʱжвġ
߹һ𣬾ȵľһ̧̧֣˶ָʾʮ¡ʮջֺ˼ҳϵսʿվһԡ
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㣬㣬֮ȡ֮ҳ֮ʱţûһ˿ôվ²մߣ˭Ż


59 
㣬㣬֮ȡ֮ҳ֮ʱţûһ˿ôվ²մߣ˭Ż
˵˫ûŭ֮ɫϹϷƵЦ⣺ʲôʱɱҲнʱˣ
ţܾ֮ܽһֺ΢ĹϵȲǵˣҲѣƶ׶Էʲôһ
ָо̫ˡ
һЦȻ뱾޹أо˱Ҳܣ˵Ż㿴ˡ
ˣ˵ɣѰңȻΪ˵Щϻ
ղѾ˵ˡ
ҹ֮أ
˫װɵѹƢ˵һ飺и֪֮ܣ񣬼ϸ΢Ҳܸ֪
аɣȷи֪Щɧ̫ϸ΢ˣҲȷ
˫˿ڣһ󣬿ܽīҲǺݣǰˣ˺ﾹһ㶯ûС
ܽʱҲ˵ȴսȻҹ֮أȻʮǱָԪڱ߽СС֡
ǰīһ֮ȺˣˣССҲûУƽһ̶ˮٴγ֣ҲԤʾҹ֮жֻǰƵһЩ̸֮ûκ֤ݿ֤
ʲôû˵Ҫʹ뿪֮ʱ˫ͬζ
˫Ǹܽ˵ģ֤ܽʶ̧Լ䣬ǽȪɢĵιζʲôͬ塭
ѵ
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ܽ˼֮ʣѾɽУֻΰˣſʼܽǿƶԴ˴ˣᶼǵȵῪʼˣƲŻ٣λδʼ͵ˡ
ѵаҪĶҰڱصã
ũӭƵȻǹɺӣɺվˣһŮһ˱塣ܹܽоһһŮΪܸߣԪӤڣǳϼܹǲУڹڵݲ͡
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ܽŮϣһǳɫĵۣͷ̵øɾ䣬ɫϳˣɢһѵζѾõĵá
֮ܽˣֺ֮Ȼͬ˫û뵽ͨ˫ͷߵĻһŮˣ欣ôǸŮˣҲûôˡ
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ܽ⣬ţŵĵӣڰߣǰƵĵӣΪƵԵʣҶݱ棬̬Ȼơ
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Ϊɱ¾̫δո¶ͷǵʱĥˡ
ʵġ


60 
˶īǹ⣬ɽĿģҲӢۣƾһӰԶֻī̤صѪ
īɺ󣬰ȥ
дģɣܽܺ棬ϾһƷʯˣǸʲôʲô
дܱչأҲɱȥҹ֮ˣʵһܣҲȷԡ
ʲô
ܽ棬̲ס©һ֡
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ܽţ˸ԼҪ
ٹҹУŹûô
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ƽϵ˺ۣɾôĿģɽɵ˺޷ĨȥһطʹҲǰƲЬӵԭ򡣡
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ôһ˲䣬ܽһ뷨ġ
޶ǹ˵ӣҲˣŻᱳ˶ļְɣ


61 
ס
ܽЩˣ§סƲӵֽ˽ƺоܽĲʣͣǡ
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ûûУֻһЩҩ⣬һЩԡ
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ʱŷ׷ֻԸо˽Ĵڣûٿվܽϵ˵лл㣬Ȼһᱻץס
һ㡣
ôᣬԦʦˣǱץסǻ
̵ģŷǵĿߣܽЩָŷǵ˼ҲΪ裬ﻹ׷᣿
Ȼ㡣
ŷǵǰܽʱ׶ú޲ҪƤǡ
Σ
ܽԼڽоʹˣҽǲֺģİɣ
ŷҪ̤ǰһǽԾǸŮ˲µģ̤ȥ
ʲô֣
ʵ
ҽܽ
ʱһ䣺Ժҵ˾ܽˣǲģ

Ǽ˸ˣ
ŷŭǣҪ˵ʲôʱľ߳һˣµģǲǻòͷˣ
Ǻ̤ſڣŷתߣû˿ͣ·һᱻɱ
Ƶըըë֮ʱ϶㵽ܽ
Ŷ˸С
ǡ

ƽضܽĻĵ̧ۿԶûӰĳĪСᡣ
ƵĿ䵽ϣֵһɽСܻҵģֻнɽҲ㡣
·Լѡա
ҪתȥֵĪҪٳɱ


62 
ɫ֮£ӰŨīڵϣܽԿ˴ϵľɫ
ܽߵԶĵطȻ˵ղŲȨ֮ƣ㲻á
ܽδ˵꣬ܽĻǣϲ㣬衣
ܽ
ϵһֻ裿
ûнΪ޵ģˣ䵽Щ˵ϣԼһиˡ
ɣΪ΢ǿи֮ˣ
ʱֿЦЦҪֱЩֵֵиܸоġ
ңҾ㡣
Ҳ㡣
ûнղܽʶľٶѾо˰ȫУȻҲܽļûӰˡ
ǿʼ
á
һΣ㡭ҪҲ̫ᣬġ
͵Ц˳˵ͷȻ˫վԭصȴܽӡܽڵϣȻƾż䣬˫ֽӡ³һԲε󷨣Ȼ£ûڡ
ǰ󲻹һ̣ͷϱһССӡǡ³һúܺð
ңӡӡɾġ
ܽҲû뵽ԼӡӡеȷߵҴĴڣԼҲֻʣŵˡӡֻ֣Ϊߣ϶ߣǻͷͷΪͣһ֮ǿ
Ϊձֶβ̣ӵӡǵѾˣȻīıӡǡ
Ҳܽīµıʼпģֻû뵽ԼҲҡ
ԺҾˣԽСϡ
СϣԺͶָˡ
ָܽҪСֻ֣С㶣Ȼܽʲô⡣ܽСϵ֣գǶǵŶ
ãסˣ
סɽһʵרɽģɽﴴظʺס
ɽ䣬ٽȥ𣬸оϵɽ䶼ʺס
Եġ
СܽϣҶԲҩмǿȣ԰㿴ҩõϡ
̫ˣ
ֱܽĴڱԲ
κͼûпˣ
ͼп㣬֧ˣһֵǧֵˡ
ܽǧ˰𣿡
ͼҪȥ񰡣һǻǺϸġ
ܽðɡ
ܽСϻصСϲʲôһЩܽµûЩǮһЩˡ˵Ҳģһ㶼ҩСϾͳЩ
ܽСͬ˯һܽ˽Сϲ¡ԭѾʮϡˣΪԸܸңҪӵˣԸԱ޵
ΪҩʮֳɫıҲʮڷһЩĵرѰǵﲻСһǰũȵģĵƱܿ˺ܶΣգȻŷȥ귢ÿũȶþ취׽Ҳ⡣
Ѿܽˣٵˡ
գܽһ͸һȥᣬûиܽũȵס˵˼䣬ܽԼȥˡ
򵼣ܽĵع䣬СϾͲĿСһСױ֡
ܽ
ܽĵСϵܽͣŲ
ǰֱи̯ӣЩصζ
ܽϸСϵָʾǰȥС˵̯ǰͣ¡ҩһ΢ֵĵӣ廽СϵܽҲССĽлˡ
ǸɫģľͷǸ
Сٿڣָָܽǿľͷʲô
Ҳ֪ɽģеصҩζˡ
С˵˼˵СⶫòҲûʲô̲ͷͱ˵ѣ
û⣡
ҲɣҶһЩұһЩ
ܽҲСҪ˸ۣСҲӦˣǺľͷʮϽָܽ䡣
˺þã˺һЩ׼ȥѰƵʱСֿ˿ڡ
ᾡͷȥ
ȥǸط
С
Ҳӷܽ˹ȥһֿһ鱻ط̯һԵĺɫľͷ
ʲô
̯Ǹ߸ݵˣĵؽ˾䡮ʦ֡ȻŸܽܡ˰Ǻɫľͷеޣܽס˷۵س嶯ΪǮҲǰԼĴʻ㶼ˡ
ܽƷʯ£ŻȥѰơһ·ϣܽǺܸлԼ򵼣´ʲôõġ鱨˻ǿġ
ΰҲûߣܽܽһصСľ
ʲô𣿡
ûС
˵ܽû˵ʱľðǻսߣˣ˵Ҳã˵࣬Ҫ
ʲô
û뵽ƻ֪£ܽҲţصСľ֮Ͱɫľͷ˳
ƣ
С
ʱСϴܽ˳ȻſļϣͷǬҸо˺Ũҩζ
ָǺɫľͷϣžǱս˵ľѾûԭļӲȣܸǴ󲿷ֵҲ֪ͷĻʲô
ҪѺľͷɷЩʱСһǺľͷҧ
ЩڴСϰѺľͷҧ󣬷澹а񣬽ɫܽЩԺ
񡣡
ܽעһס񣺡»á
ܽѹƵЩ̲ס˹ȥŷְ۵׶ǹ⣬ϲĹ⡣
ⶫɣҲòš
Ȼ֪ʲôǰѾѡҪдˣܽҲֻʹˡ
ŤͷܽһۣܽЦصɣĲҪ
ôңе㺦¡
ʱСѾһľͷҲгˣ¶˰ôһ
ǽɫ񣬿ǺƯģǲ֪ʲôЧ
Ҫʲô
ҲֱӰѽɽ֮УΪ˲ռܽˣ
ԺܲܣҲӣ
һʱҭסЦЦǾͿıˡ
ûӦʲôڻü
ͼһͿ
ܽ죡
㱾˯

ܽһӾͽǲȰ˵ڶΣܽ㿴ɫŵæӦ¡
ֶܽ°ͣĴ䵽°ϣܽϴ˸顣
ﱾô
롣
룬Ȼ룬ռ
Ǿ͹ԹպҹҹűҲкôġ
ܽͷƤ߳һ亹ɿŰƴЦͲȻĶ
ȻĶ
ܽתתСϲ֪ʲôѾ˴⣬ƲҴŴʱĶһ
ʲʲôô
ܽתƻ⣬˵ôɢԼע
ЦᣬüۼȴŶɹϲãձţⲻǺôô
Ҫ


63 
¹͸˽ЩӲϣһɫ
ܽӲڴϣݶһľ׮ӣסԼҪĳ嶯̫ˣΪô䣬ѵΪʲô˵Ĺ
ܽסƵģʱİ쳣˳ӣҲˣֻ֣ܽΪһ¶ȡ
ٶܴЧ΢
ܸܽоͰ֮ÿʱܸܽоͨ泩Ʋô͸ˡ
֪ǲ̫ܽһ¶ıƳִ֮⣬˳ưҲܽϡ
ԼαҲǷǳְˣƻ᲻ڡ˵㣿
ܽ䣬ס˶ԼȣԼⴥƵĽţ˵㽩Ӳһ¡
㽩ӲһݼţܽǸܵˡ
ˣܽ㲻ҶҲ˯ȫޣǻĻҪʣ̣ջûס
ϵˣô
ţۡ
ƵģûƽĹԣܽҲŵӶ˼䡣
ûҩԲ
ȥҲܹһʹ
УЧ΢
ƺ̾һᣬܽΪǴ
ʲôҩҵô
ܽлİ취ЩУӣȻ֧Դصؿܽż繵Ц⡣

ܽҲʲôǰƾԼ֧ԴԼ˿˿׷Ʈ䣬˵ʱԷԼһĪĶ
ֻǼۣ㻺һ¡
ЦԳζֻ۽ǵЦⲻ䣺춼Ҫôĥ㣬ȴΪãǱǲǸ÷ʡһ£
ܽ
Ǹ˵ĻӦ÷ʡһµġ
仰ܽǲ˵ģе㱻ƹƵˣС¹ײ֡
Ǳĥ㡣
˵ܽЩµģǵ֮ʱ˲հˣһ˿˼Ŀռ䶼ûС
ܽĴֱƵĺ촽סһһ¼ǣצӵļⷢ
ԼܽʱӲſʼ
ΪҪԼ
ǼǰŨĹι㣬е㣬һԣʱܽѾʧȥ˼
˽ܰƵǣӦҸ֮⣬ð㷴ˡ§סƵϸʱȴͣܽ
ۣܽҹɫڣȴȻܸоϵĺκ͹̡
ֻб㡣
ܽԣָʲôƶԼܶ£˿̵벻ףһš
Ҳֻбĥ㡣
ܽĥ֣ٿһ£ҵ˲˼ΪҪôң
ô
Ҳǡ
ٴȥסܽѿڶػǽƲŵܽ
촽źӭܽϸ΢شϢϢһ
ոҩա
**
ڶ죬ûȥ䣬ܽǰհƵָʾһЩҩģ׼ȥũȵҩҩ
忴ܽԼϵҩģʣⶼֹʹģˣ
ûУƵġ
ܽ꣬Ȼشܽҩȥ·ϣܽҿ˿ʵмŷô
ûУǰҹ뿪ˣҲûֻƬ
Լգ˰Ҳھ뿪ˣƺҲûô
ģͻˣ
־ͺˣζŷԼʲôͻа裡
ûûС
ܽȥȻ£˵£ܽ棺ŮϣΪ⼸նˣ
Ҳ֪Ҳڳϵֻس϶ûѶء
Σհɣ
İɣسϵΪԱ㹻ġ
ԪӤڵΪȷԱֻҪϰǸĶ֣ӦöܰȻ
ǡȥѰ˫ˣû
ܽ˿壬˼Ǽûи壬Ͼ¶ظԼͲˡ
ҽȵҩʮ˼ܹܱ˵ҩίУֻҪʯǾͻίУֻǲƶܽίֻҩѣίнȥûʱŪˡ
ҩææµµģũȴӶҽ׬Ǯĵطˡ
˽֪֮ѧҲҪѾʱģЩһ˼ΪϣȻǲȥѧũҽ޾֮أҲһԵ׬Ǯ;
ܽݱ󣬱صСľݣƾվǰһֻСӰָ£ӰɢϣջɫĹ⳾Ʈɢ
ܽǵŸƴϢķʽĪʲô£
ǲʲô£
ܽЩǣ˵ԼŵĵӣԼסãиڵġ
û£ʬϹˣˡ
ЦЦ黹СθʬϹţЩҷԼжܡ
Ǿͺá
㻹ģסʱӦòʲô¡
ƿܽһƿҩǻ˲ǮģƺĲ֪ʡ㻨
ҩɡ
ƻصڵϣأ̧ţ¶һֻ˺۵ĽѾƤܲ԰ף˺۵ĺϸǴۡ
ܽ£СƵĽţôŪģ
ܽװ֪Ҳ̧ۿƣ¶ڣȥҩӣָĨһ㡣СذѸҩڰƵ˺ϣֻѾӣʹ
ղǸ⣬ûлشܽҲظҩƴܽԶ֪Щʲô롣
ȥһڤ硣
Ƶ赭дģξȥһȦôͨ
ɽ֮ʱ¡
һֻܽעÿһ˿仯
ܽСظƲҩһЩͻ˵һ
ΪΡҪȥڤ磿
ƶ˶ֺƺǴеĳҪīĻ¡
ȻΪīôĥѣҪΪīǰȥ
ܽҩĶ̧ͣͷƣĿӣһ޷˵̽
ѵÿĥĻᣬôŹ
ƵĴ俪һаȵĻȣϧˣǱץסð
ܽһְƺļУ˳һ亹ǰ׹ǻȣù˵ĻǶɢŮʵ̫ˡ
ҩ
ֵܽͣܽͷҩѸҩĨ˺ϣָסЩ΢΢
֪ΪΣܽһЩ߰뷨̻ûסΪҳīô
úòҩ
˵һ飬Ȼûлش𣬿ܽȴƺѾ˴𰸡
ûˡ
ҩܽȥԼķˡͷãҲû취ҪѻóʱӸĺַ
ܽܽҵǰضϽˣ


64 
ܽԼһºż棬ǰƲȥ벻ŵģҲ⣬˰Ƽ䡣
ҲõԼҪģϱ̻ȥţûٶܽһռº֮ûټϣû˫ͻǡ
֮ϣɫ֮£ܽоҰɫ߻ֻȴʹֻѰһ£Ҳ֪ôƿڡ
Ҫ˵
Ƶİ׷Ʈǰ֮˵ĳƺôɢлԣֹ
С
ܽһʱͦƵĹ۲ġ
ͼûԼʲôдϡ
ܽе
ͼѵҲͿ
֪ܽͦ
ͼɲ
ܽ
ϵͳеմմϲô£
˵
ҲϻȻк£ƺϲ˷ʱ䡣
˵ҵ˲׺ĶϽҸԼ¸ڼ档
ܽ˵ʶӣȻһ˫һƣŰϵκһ˿ɫ
ɱˣҿɲ뱻ӡ
ա
ܽĵ²ûзҰƲûбֳһ˿⵹ܽһ
ˣһ·϶˽޻ܽżǡ޴ȫżĿż͵͵Ƽ۰գʱôȥˡ
ò˵Ƴĺܺÿհ׷˼ֲɣĸод˹£겻ĳ¾ơ
Ǻþƣȴҡ
صź󣬰ƾͻȥϢˣܽʱȥ˯ܽЩʱ䣬ȥСŪһЩóԵĸСȻٻȥԼǸ
ϻ˵Сҽ췣˵Լ˵ӣ޷ֻ֮ɹѯʣСֲֻԼ˵ӵ˵˭
СΪԴɽһ¡Сպһֱڱչص״ֱ̬ͨ˫ͷٴҽȸ֣Сųȥһ̽
Ҳһγأҽȵӷͨ˫ͷΪСһͰСסҪ뿪ǿĿɿڴСеӣͨ˫ͷ˵
ܽȻһ⣬ϲѾʱɺƻǰɢߴٵġܽٿ𻰱֮Ͼȥ˰Ƶķ䡣
Ƶ޷ŨĹιζܽһȥ;Լ񱻰ưΧһ£Ȼڰ࣬˺ܿʹһֻ§ס
ֿʼתܽû˵ϰԵסƵ֣꣬ͼŪůһЩ
ֻǴʱܽɳڸղŻĹУ˵ĺӵˣ˫ϴܽʹƣû˵Ӧ֪µġ
ŰԵģ̲ܽסˣ֪º˫£
֪
ƶ˶ףЦʵôǸӵƼ˸ģ
ƺܴܽҲûţʱ棬
֪
롣
ԣ̫ˣԵһȼܽðƵˡ
ƵĿ϶ôǱأͲô
ܽգ̸еأŤͷȥ뿪ʣͷְܽؿص΢΢ĺ촽
ͨͨ
ȻͻȻʲôӿڣŵֱð
㣬Ҫʲô
֪ܽΪʲôԼ˵ҪĪʿˮĿ⻹᲻䵽ƵĴϡ
᲻ˣ
ЦЦû˵սܽҪܽĴ˵أ
ܽĺЩָҲڲָסˣֹס˲ȴֹסеļ¶
֮ʣ֪ܽԼôϰƵģֻ˺䷢һĵȴܽ׾ò
ܽȻᣬǱǰ˼Σѧһģ«˭أ
ĪؽϾǶɱ׾˰һЦ
ܽͣǣ繺ʵЦʲô
ûʲô
˵ܽҲ֪ʲôаȥŴཻʱоԼҪȥ֮ʱܽơ
ȥͻΪҪռˡ
ܽ
׵ô
ұҲûױ
ܽ
ܽŲŲְЦÿǼ٣ֻŰƼֻʳδ롭
ңҡ
ܽҪȵЩ֪룬ȴһ
ˣɡ
Ƶ΢΢ţ۵Ҳ˼˵Ĳ⣬Ʋְܽ
ֻ־ԼСɫɷ˵ȥ
ǡҲûоܾ԰ɣ
ܽϹ̵¶һֱɢȥҲðˣֻǹ̵ġ
̫ˡ
˫Ǵ񽻺ãƽʲô¾ͻǴҲʶ֪һЩ
ܽ˵񡯣֪˵ǽǸͣѹ۵µ˵
ڹȣʱ˫Ϣ붺һǰѽɹߵСá
žˣ˫ԭȺСøȤʹС˵ģҲӡ
˵ƽܽòôƽˣҲ̫ɣ̫̼˰ɣ
Сö˺쳾У˫壬йξС÷Ųɣʼվܾ˫ߵ顣
ܽס˵һ㡣
СģӦ˫˫ȴʧԼˣʧꡣ
¾˫ˡ
˵Цһ˵ʲô޶ظ˵ĽˣСҲǿϧˡ
ϧܽҲÿϧϾɽȽȽǡ
룬Ѿҵµ֮ˡ
ô˵
Ϊֿʼͻͽˡ
ܽգЩ£һܹѰ·Ҫģ
ǵ˫ΪʧԼˣ
ܽʣƵȴ䣬ձ˫ۣ֪ʧԼʧԼˡ
ЩԼ޷ֵġ
**
ľݿشݻ٣һ̺ɫȹŮҶ㣬Щȵص֪ˣˡ
ڵϣһģ붯ֵֻ֣
ʼôһһʹˣ
³ּ죬гһӣ˫Ʒ³һѪʱס֣Щȵؿ˫ɻˣ
Ȼˡ
˫סԼؿڣһۣ֪ңܲҽͣ
˫ϵ۱紵ѵѵȻ޴棬Ͻڵıŭһ쳾Ⱦһ֮ˡ
µĳ䵽˫Ķǰҧҧ˵
˫˼Ҫȴֿ˼µĽȥ֮ʣ˫ס£ͷµļ
ҪֲԸˣֻ÷˱ס
Һϵζ鶯ʱζ
죡
µ˺죬Ҫٽȴ˫Ļ˶
ҪȥԼȴһȺص˵·ˣֻ˯
û˵޷ֱеα
ܸоһȺΪ׵壬Ǵ϶һЩѪ롣
Ҳ򲻹ǣ
б󷨣û͵ǵ֮С
˫˶٣²ţϳԼڣ¶һƬѩ׵ļȴһĳªԲ˺ۣʿһ
Ŀġ
ΪҪѪ
𳤽æ˫ں£
֪ҹ֮ؿ춯ˣȡѪܸо˽硣
Щô뽮ģ
²ףʱīδ磬Ȼȹ̣ҪҲǲܡ
࣬Ҳ̣ܿһɡ
Ӧϡ


65 
΢紵һĸζζ̾ᣬķǲŵġ
Ϊβ߰ǰ
²ףΪ˫ôҪϢ߰ơ
˫ɫЩ࣬Ҳ˫˿̵ĲԾ
ʲô֮
һɡ
˫˶٣ͣ˼Ϣ֮󣬲ŰԼĲ˵Ӧ֮ˣǰơ
ôܣ
ģȺζġ
**
£ԾԵʵʱѹڸֵҲֻʣڱչصĺˡ
ܽͰƴũصһ£ѾܽӼӣ⼸ܽᵽɽȥȴһֱûȵӡ
úһ֪ɽ·ܽҲǸ·գɲȥѰˣһӰӴ
ŵɽ·Ҳ̫ˣǡ
ܽϴĻҲˣҴ˵Եĺȵģ㳢
ܽҪ˸ƫԶһЩԺдӣȻûˣܽǲӱ¶Լݣ˻ͼ졣
˵ΪԼ½صģԼôҲҪ˼İΣ
ӴҲģҲ֪ʲô۷ԼĽŪɺɫɫҲŪɺɫǸ٣ܽϲ
Լ𣿡
ӿǰžζٹҲ̲סʳ󶯡
ţ
ҲӣһСǼ˵ǵģϲ
Ӳشһڣ̫óˣ๾غ¾ͳˡ
̫óˣ
ס֣ܽؽƸҵרʦɣ
ܽһκЦųԼ֣˰ɣһɡ
˵ɣϴԼİаһضϽ˳ⶫղȥԼɽ֮Уֻš
䣬ܽһһɽзɳ˵һ죬׺漴һضϽתȦ
׺
ܽס׺侲ԼסһضϽһ֮ϣ޸
ֻܽԼ׺ţһɵĴ
ܽ
ܽɫ˲԰ףҪͲ׺ֿɲһӱ㱻޴ˣ׹էԣûܽӰ
ˣô£ѵҪˣ
ܽµûȴһʧȥ֪׹ֹĺڰ
ˣˣ
ͼͼ
кͼҲûлӦܽҪſޣΪͼѾصǸʲôʱ֮УԼҲˡ
ˣ
ˣٽңȵȣǽ˲׺
ң֮ܽǰġ
ܽĴڴʱ˹ڰ֮пʼһһǹ⣬ܿƬڰܽǿ֮С
ʱһͤͤŮһ͵³ܽǰȻ˲٣ܽϵ׺㳤ˣ
׺һЦԭģָҵԪҲڹλ
׺ԼĳȹȻתһȦһЩ
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66 
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ӺͼҲŻˣһһϵͳƶΪҪȥʱˣֻǶݵʧϵˡ
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ӦīɣҲֻīð¶ǰְֺ޵ı顣
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ɽգܽȴð亹΢紵쬵ģʲôĹԼıһ
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68 
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֦ܽϵѪ֮УֻһͷƤ顣
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69 
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ܽԹԵ˵һ䣬Ȼһóһмų
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ֽܽӡֻǼźֱֱȥʱֶֻǲʲôٶ鿪˱֦ˡ
ܽͳʱ˳ȥò׺̵˽һܸܽоĵطʼѿ죡
䡪
£ֻø˱ȴٻûав
ʱܽӳһмסٻѸһϴܽѾĵòˣ͵ˡ
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ˣ
ܽ˲ԼͷϵĺˮҴ⣬ȥһų˶Ȼ󳹵׿ήû˶
ˣ
ܽȷˣֻɽСعȥǾժɽ֮С
ܽİɫǶ˶׼תȥ
ͼڡ
䡪
ܽϲ֮ʣһܽϺˣͼҲ졣
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ܽҲòˡ
һ׹֮ǿܽʹڵϡ
ʲô
һŰɫĻ棿
ܽǰһһ󷢺ڣоιȥļ󣬿֪ԼϷųҹˣҴ
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Ҳû뵽ʧѾõǻԭīΪҪ
ĪһҲ޳
ƴһܽǻѾλպΪһǧʱ򡭡
ԳЦЦȻСϣԼҪػˡ

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ܽںڰиȵģоһֱյĲʸСֻոвǿң˻ôԵСԼÿһ硣
ѹһڰɽ¹˽һƲɢѪζ֪ܽԼǿÿήԶ
ܽûʹҲָˣ˰Լָһ
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СѵܽĻܽᣬȷܽû£Ű
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ܽԼʳָָİɫ棬ȣɢһ˿˿⡣
ܽԿŻʧʱʧˣֵʱͳˡ
ЩɽﴫĿܽʵԲԣڲʱһǻ𣬰ɫĻʱɽܽſ˱۵ڳʪǽʧȥʶɫ԰϶ؿţͦ˵ġ
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ܽջز׺˦˦֣ǻ䵽ϣȼյѪ𽥱
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ܽ˲ˣʱҲһ˶תתӲԼõһЩʲôԼһЩʲôҲԼʧȥЩʲô
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صŵʱܽһʱȥƷεջ񣬲ŽԺӣ̲סлơ
ƣһˣ
ܽһξôԺﺰƣҲ˲Ǹ˻᲻᲻ϲֻ֪Լõ˻ԵƷ
ʱһϮɫԷ߳Щͷصһͳµģʲôӡ
Ȼ𣬿֪ܽû߸˵ЩʲôɿƵ˫źʵûкúҩ
ʯϣ˫Ƚ
ǾûС
ܽľðʱСӣԼҲչ˺ãһֲԼԡ
Ұҩ
֣ܽҲԹԵذҩóŵܽϡܽƵĽţ˺ɴĿġҩѾһʱˣѵ˺ûİ취
ܽЩָۣմҩƵĽȵõ˾õһֵֺĻҵȻҺܲٿˡ
ܽҲ˵ôģΪԼҪˣŻԼڣԼ
ְܽ˵һ飬ûдȵܽ˵˲ŵõĻǻ𡣡
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ܽԼʵ
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ʱ΢΢ֶܽ°ͣ˵ҪҪȶȣ㵽ʱأ


70 
˵ҪҪȶȣ㵽ʱأ
ܽסĸҩôͻȻ˵ôµ飿
ӦڿЦɣ
ܽŰ˫иӵֻǵΪһֱߣ
ܽ󣬰Ƶأֶܽ˼Ϊ֪ӡ
ȷܣʱûͷҲôһ˵鲻ѡ
Ʒſܽ
ܽҲû˵Ʋҩֻ㴦úܺá
ܽ˵£ðƵĿޣĪغֵ鷳ºܶࡣ
أ
صڸ״˵ü
ܽգЦһû֤ݡ
ɽҪʲô֤ݣҪʲôǾͻʲô࣬ʲôҪ
Ʒҽţ̧ţӣв֪Ҫٻء
ܽ
ãշɣ
ηֱǺ˻ǻˣ
ܽ˵󣬰Цһҡҡͷûк뻵֮֡
סˣҪ˻ᱨҲñ˲ᱨܻ
֪ˡ
ܽӦ£ɺȻЩ۰ƣܶԵĺڰ棬Ķǲõ飬ӡ
ҪᵤֻҪǾͺ𣿡
ܽԽᵤ֮һϲֻͨһʰƣϣ󷢴ȱظԼ
԰žˣһţ׼ɡ
˵ܽ㶣ݸܽЦ⣬ʱִһЩǣָô
û˵ܽ˹֣ܽȥƱѸٵܽĴһڡ
ܽĲ˳ߵζ
ñģǱָһ
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ʲô
ñָܽ°ͣǺкشЩЦ⣬Ҳûôˡ
ң룬ǲҪóԵ㡣
գֻЦЦȻվĪҪ˱
ֻܽоǺɫɨԼգعʱѲϮˡ
վºԼԼǸСɫ侲룬ƹڶԼҲ˵ˣҲ˵ˣ»ÿԼ
ܽصԼķ䣬Ȼ󣬵бޣ㹻һˡ
ܽھҪᵤ𣿡
Сϴɽ˳վܽǰʵ
ţСлһ
á
һСϾͰС˻֪ܽҪᵤƤȵһһҲûڣظܽ
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ܽҶڣֻаģ֮ܿ˶ʼ۵
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񿴼˲׺׷ǻˣԼʶ԰һŻ֡
ܸܽоԼĵۣԽԽȹ̣һԲε˵֮Уʼڷ̡
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ʶ֮⣬Ѫ񱻿紵ɳɳ죬ձռţڵ⣬Լϵ֮СԺǶ滨ҡҡҷҷϵʯӱ紵ɳһͬ衣
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ʱĿ־УƲϵֻص˰Ƶڡ
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Ĩɢرɫ֮С
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ܽڰƵĻǸҲûƿܽ󵨵§ס˰Ƶ֫
ǼĻǵ˹ؼʱ̣ȴ໤Ϊʲôأ
Ϊīô
뵽ܽɿЩԼ䲻
š
ƸоܽͼԵ˵һֵδл
ܽ΢΢̧ŰǵЦʱȫȻȴ˸ղǺȻµжֲ۶ֻа۵׵Ĳ⡣
ܽϣһǳǳڰƵǣ룬ǳƻסܽ֫ҧܽĴǷģһӶˡ
ܽﱥ⣬ŰǷƵģȴһʹʲôν¹ôν
ܽԸκΪˣǰơ
ΪҪô
ԼԺӱ
ܽ
̲ܽסЦЦеɰ
ңҲֻбܹΪֵ
ΪΣ
Ժ׵ġ
˻ˣܽӵģǷַˣҲԣֻܿЦˡ
ҽᵤɹˡ
֪
ܽû˵ʲôֻסƣռһռ˿̰ƿݵıˡ
иȥˡ


71 
ɲǼرɫŵŵɽͷ֮ϣ˵Χۣǲǰʲô׽١
Ҫ֪еĴڣʱ̶עţܲ׽١ǱԽ޷֮ˣ׽ԽΪǲڵġ
Ȼܹ׽٣ǶȻԾһ磬ɾ͸ǿԼ
֪ɽϷʲô£Ҷǰģûƽӹܽ롣
һʱ֮䣬ɽٴҥ𣬶˵ʲôֹ

ܽôһ˵е㲻֪ƣƺûԼ롣
ԣҲ֪ô
Ҳ԰ԣܽǰߵˣ֪Ƶ¡
֪ˣһصġ
ȻҶǰģܽҲ˳ǵĻ˵ȥÿԲ׾
ˣûʲô£뿪Ϊá
ôˣ
ܽоԼᵤʱֻмʱộǺ˵Ѿ붨һˣһҲ֪ڷʲôġ
֮ǰʬϹŴˣʬɵĵӵҲ磬ȥĵӶ̫˳Щˡ
ҲǸմΪʵûбʬлɳˡ
ܾ֣ܽͻȻͷͨʵЩʬɵ֪ŵӵ٣
˻һǰˣԴֵĪڼӳĵص
ܽգ˵̫˵ʣÿһĵӶϮô
ţ⵽ֻΪߵʦֽŵĻһûô׳¡
ʬɾǾ׼ˡ
ܽȻô²򵥣ֻûȥ󣬾ͻȥˡ
ԺܽںȾƵİƣϸ˵¡ƶԴƺûʲôȤһھƺֵôģ
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ڹΪҪʬɣ
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Ϊ˹ŵ£
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װѱľһֵĿ顣
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ܽҲȥ֣ҪһʵĽܲҲгϳΪǸ͸ô֮λ
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Σһ˫ЩĴζ֪̽ŵӵ䣬Ϊˣһһ˼
գ촽΢΢۽Ǹһ˿ϲɫܽܿóںܸˣһԾԾԵĸо
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ţҲѭȥѲһˡ
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Ʋһ仰һֲ´ӣֻŸߺЦЦøߺţɫҲ˼֡
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ߺǲ£ڵӵٳʬɣȡʯ棬ٸһЩ鷳ͼҴ֮λ
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ܽˣԭһʯ֮ƣڵӵõ棬ٶ㷢ѣ˸ɵģ
Ѫˣ
ߺƮƮأҪѰһˣֲֻĿϣֻӲš
ʬɶԱɵӵָƣǽΪʲôûô
㻰䣬СܽţŷԸѾʬǱŸľݵȫ٣׽˾ݵͷ졣

ջ֣ߺظһһܽǿˡԭղŸߺѻ꣬ѹָղһ·ԼҪ˵ģ
һź£ϻӵѺ˽ѹڵϣţѴ
ʬɵͷ֮һçǴ˶
˵çЦҪɱɱЩɲҲЩȱ£ôЩҲɱˣ
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Ƶ²ſçϵĿ־壬ԳһƬ԰
ֻ󣬿ȱҪһЩǱüѪǰɣ
ֱӣȻվһ˫㻺̤ڱ̨ϣɨгϡ
˵ʵ䲻ҰģǾǱֳҲñǷա
Ѿˣͱֱˡ


72 
Ѿˣͱֱˡ
Ϯһ˿磬ͻ˺ͷƤ顣ܽʶغŰƣʲôʱҪ֡
ʬɲŸľݵѾ٣⻼ѳˡ
ɱ֮ڣΧ۵ĵӶס˺ԼĴڸнͣⱻ
ܽ׵ΪʲôѡΪŵʱˡɱϣ²ˮ˽ȷʮЧʣмơ
ʦ棬ûô
ߺ˶Ҫ֣㳯Űƿ˿ͷȻֳ˿ͷԩţ
ܵӾĳڵģǿҲζܽԽԽǱмˣв˵ˣ뱣ˣԼϥǣġ
ϧˣƺͬʱ֣Ǳбģ˻ˣӲȻ֪ƺϵģܽã϶ѾĿꡣ

ĵ˵һ䣬ȴûпߺǿԼѹѹڵϵç˻֪꣬һˡ
Ƴç֣çһƮƮطɵǰͷƵĸš
ʱ˴󺧣һһ׵ģ˭鼱١ѻ겢ʲôֶΣڰûʲôа֣֮Ҳ֪һ㣬ȰȴȰΪֻø⡣
ѻ꣬ЩH¾ôزסˣ겻ڳ֮һ޷Ŀ־С
Ҳûֹʱעˣ˭ͻȻѣҲ÷
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˭˵Ҫ
Ƴøֱһ̧㲻ϸߴç༦һ
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ڴʱһһǳŰֱֱȥֻؿһۣһīɫĳ
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֪ԴУȳ֣ɼ͵Ϯ޷ڰϵõκαˡ
ƻֻ֣çŰڵһ鴤ʱֱֱ֣ȥ֮˷ɳ˴ٵҲ˳ȥ
ܽ˵ڣЩһȺƷ䡣
ߺʱ亹ƵݹʱһƬңۼçʹ࣬Ҳ룬ԾԱԪӤֱֱ˵ϡ

Ʋ˵꣬ҪܣȴһģضûС
ǽ׵ʯذȾʺѪҲζΧĵŵ߸̲ס˳Ҳ֪ΪϱɱޣñϱѶޣǱſ޵ġ
ܽ룬һ˾ĳǣǵӵıӻȴΪȨ棬ӵӵʵĺ
ջسɳ鴤ſ°ĭçǳ֮ףųϵְλ
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ܽһ˲ѪȻƴʱ˵ĻĸѸСɱˣھ˵ҪʳЩӦȻҲǰƵķ
ƼȻʵˣܽҵ˼ɽﻹʲôʳģȻŵѩ棿
á
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ɫĮĮֻߣɱ⡣
ܽҲð˵۹ĶеֶΣҲѹסЩĻ֮ˡ
ֵ䡣
ƿŹڵȥЩҶ֦ѾˣҲֻʣһˡ
ô
š
޷ϣñȤǡ
ܽ
ӡ
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һ֮ŴϴƣΪ֯ϵְලɹƾ˸˦ƹպûеڡ
ܽҲӵ˺ͼȥĵ³Ѱһпľ˵ߣɼֵʧܵһǧ
ͼ˵ģҲһǳҪ
ֻܽʱûֻǸĵ¶Ҫʱ򣬷־Ȼѡ
ܽôˣ
ͼͷʲôҲ֪ҵ̵겻ûõĶ
ܽƺ»ͦţ
ͼǵȻĲ˵̵ĶǺܿɿġ
ܽĬĬ˼ҳ̵ҳüͷݽʲô
ͼѽԭҵݽѹһֱҲϼܣ
ܽϵͳҲҪԶģ
ͼǵȻǿǺԻġ
ܽǳ˳飬ЩٹȵߵǲԻˣ
գܽӺѡ˺ɫĵ֮Ǹ漴ԼЩ̡
ͼԷǽָ֮УǻһֱţҪͷĶŻƿǶҾͲ֪ˡ
ܽаɡ
֮ǰȥɱһǧƷƷɰٰɱֵӻȥܽǧٵֵġ
һǧ˸Ҳֻʣһǧٵֵˡ
ܽû֧ǿŻȯİ̵Ķ̫ˡ
ͼУڹҪѰһйƵĶһŻȯʲôá
ܽȵȣҪʧҪ۶٣
ܽѧˣ⽱Ǻܺã˵ǺͼĿӡ
ͼε֧ͷƣϵͳĸˡ
ܽȻ
ͼᰡҲõֵȻҾͻܹṩİԽˡ
ܽ
û뵽ͼѹ˵ͷͷǵˡ
ͼȥ֮ǰȰ㻹Ƕ׼׼ӣ׼Ҳ࣬㲻ܴ⡣
ܽһ˵Ϊ죬һҪǰơ
ˣԼҪȥҲ֪òá
ǰƵĹ磬Լ˵ȥʶһһȥĻ֪ԸԸ⡣
ܽ뵽ֱȥ˰ƣõĻظǰƵһ⣺ȥʶʲô
뿴ﶼЩʲô
ĳ򡣡
ƲǺԸһȥӣܽЩʧ䣬ûбưƣԼһȥˡ
ȥǱһȥɡ
û뵽ͻȻǹܽ׹ȥ˲
ҲȥѰһˡ
ѵãû뵽ƾȻҪҵˡ


73 
һº˳ܽȻѾˣϲһڷϵĸоʱѡҪۣܽԥѡ˺ߡ
ǰܽһѡǰߣϾܺ°ͻȻ񲣬ƷԽԽ٣ҡ
ܽɫ˺죬ɫȻؿԶƲʣƵǻôôòȻֻܽʮֲȣΪǣΪԼī
ԼֻǸ
뼰ˣܽɫԶƲҲ޷İһֱĿ񣬲ûע⵽ܽһ·ϵ仯ֱɳ
ֽܽסŴԼĵɳӣʵһֱλɳĮ֮УǲǺ˻̤㣿
ǰɳĮ
ƴŷ֮µĻɳŵɼΧɳѹһƵݻ٣ڲյĵص֮¡
ܽ
󷨵öܰζı䰡
İ񱻻ƬɳǵķĹֻµʱʮ¥ߵܼͨչ⣬ͨĹ
ܽ
ܽŰįɫ˵ʱܿϸʻǱϧ
޹գҲʲôֶΣ˵ûаа㴦ںƽʱձȡ
ɼձѹˣ֪Ϊλôô
ܽҡͷƼȵĲɢδɢ̣ȻһҪĳ嶯
ʿͽʿΪ˹սɼһձûɳǹգû˼ˣû˼ңսҪػʲôأ
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ƿЦۻ£䵽֮ǰĳǱﲻǵͨĶˣҲ㲻ǳǱ
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˷ۣɳķƺŵձʱİܽʡ
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ʲôû˵Ǵܽһͬȥ
ڣ˵ţһͱƵǽֻ㹻һȥĴСͷвò죬ɷעǣ·ֻҪʶǿ׵ĸЩ˾ͻᶯ֡
ȻƵ̫ǿЩ˲ҿܽע⵽˽иڵŮ˽סӣԼ񲻾ضˡһֿȥ̲ܽסۣǸŮ˴ʶܽ˲ͬϴǰȥ
ǸŮߵܽͰǰϹѿһ¶һĨɬЦˣʦʩһЩʯҺͺѾþûԹ׷ˡ
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ŮʯҪߣȴסֱۣĸպøǸū档
Ů˲ԵؿŰƣΪҪͷԼ׼ʱ򣬰ƷſǸūҲʧˡ
߰ɡ
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һǡ
ܽЩɳС̯϶һЩ⣬߲ˣҲ࣬Ҳȥ·߻вббţ᾵ģһҲ֪Ƿ񻹻š
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·ʣ壬Ҳûţɶ˽˵½ݡ
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ͨͨڲô
š
ܽͨЩɳڲɱȫʮãԹ˵ǺҪĽ
ͨԭʲôģ
ʹ
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ܽô뵽ǻʹأ
Ľ£ܿͿһţһЩŶǵصĳднִкֵһ˳еﶼС
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ܽһЩ߶ֻǷûŶ׹ױһЩССɵĵӡ
Ҫҵ𣿡
ڡ
ƵĿһˣֻ§һŮҡУʱС̯ӵĶҲ޶á
ƳǸ˹ȥܽϸϣֻҪǶ᲻ᱻըɷ档
ӭ˰֮󲻽ЦôСӣ
ƿ˻ŮˣҪߵǰȴһ˵˿Žżǰһۣס˽ŲԭЦ⣬Ǻˣ
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ƿһŵƣЦһ
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Ҳ֪֣
촽΢۵ֳ˿ɫ֪ܽҪɱ֮ǰĿ⣬ѪĿ⡣
ңǲҪֵ֪ġ


74 
ңǲҪֵ֪ġ
˵ȫûаŴҰһϲѪΪβ顣ֱܷĹưưȫһƬƺ˷ˡ
Смֱ¾͸³ǣ֪ʲôط𣿡
ûлشֻЦһ̬ȾǱġ
˹ϽĵطȭͷӲľ
쿴ԼһͷİƣЦҪԸҵС檣ҵǿԼ̡
ԣ
Ƶָ˶Ц챻һ̧ŵЦݶߣΧҲ𽥰ܽһֱ̾еս
쿴˴֮ʵ࣬Ҳ֪̽̽Ҳǻˡ
ȭͷӲĻôƾԿطٿղԲѷհƵƢԺֶΣǲܺˡ
ƮڰеҪȴķĿѹһǽģʼѰʩµ
ʱ֪Լǵ˲ǵˡ
Źҡ
۾ۿɼؿʼ죬ΪˮǱѹѹ졣
ϴͦ죬ܽȴֱҡͷ̾ϧѾˡ
һ紵˲̧ͷĴ˿ȵĵ³ǵ硣ʱһɫĿռ䣬ռɳסֽźͲӡ
һֻżɫָ׵ִӺɫĿռ˳ȻشļϣܿҶǸʲôڹ˵ⶫİѾܾûпʬˡ
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ܽЩ˽е֪ȥĵطǹΣǰʲôȮ
ܽʲôȮխСͨߵͷ㿴һŷΣǰſһͷ޴˫ͷȮ˩סǰ룬߻մ˲ѪһЩ˵ͷɢڵϣܽ˶ˡ
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75 
ŵ˫ͷȮ󣬰漴ѵϵۻ඼ɨһԣɻ࣬ձ̤նУһ˫ôԸմϡ
ܽû뻯ֻܹԹԵһں棬ʱ̲סһ˫ͷȮŰۣͷҲ¶˳Ӧǻˣûȥ
ܽһԣܽЩɼȥ
Ǵ඼޷»ǻ¶ֻɼյ˲þôĹ
ϵķȼպűԶ򿪣˸սȥܽһХĿ޺ŵܽסƵ䣺⣬ﲻйɣ
ȻΪλΣ

ǰɲǰɣǽᵤˣܽ¹ֹܽԼߺһ紵ʲô߹һ͸ˡ
סλҰ޴ȥĹˡ
оܽ΢΢ƱĴ𣬿뵽Ҫ죬Ͳܽˡ
һ·խСͷֻһηռޣηĿռҲʮޡ
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ͼɣٵֵһǧٵ㣬ѿԶľ˽̸˵ջ񡣡
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һǼײĵĸǰط䵽ɳ֮ϣһȴܿͱɳɢײУмżëʬһһ̤վڹײ֮ǰ

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ѪĳˣҲζţƴӦˡ


76 
ɳ֮У˼ᶨվţӵĿ޺ȻüͷȴԽԽʼղģѪѳɣǻȥޡ
ֻҪ뿪ôǾܻ
߷ԸһֵԺТ壬Υɱ
岻һѾʧȥ˼̳죬ô֮λֻܽԼĵܵˡ
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˶˳ѣһſ˫ۣЦƣɱˡ
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77 
ܽһԲͨ͸飬ɫĹâһ֪ǼƷľ˿۾ֱˣûԼõƷ顣
⡭ǼƷģ
ԣǴġ
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żԿ׸㣬һ԰æҹơ
ľûùǸ飬ǽŵĸӹأֻҪһգҾͻ㡣
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ԼҲûãܽͺˬذ˿ľľҲľӸ֮ܽ󣬿ľظܽ˵³е̯ӣϧδҵƵټ
ûʲôϢܽЩ٣һתԼע
ϺϤ𣿡
սˡ
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ܽգ΢΢̾ϢӦһ󣬱ûм⣬ľѰǹơ
ɽڣƿϴĳгһϾɵƤֽϲְƤֽݸ˰ƣСǰѰĹĽⷨУҵˡ
ƽӹƤֽȴûмŴ򿪣ǿϵ㵱ûԸô
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78 
УǸҵĺӣ
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79 
գһͲˣܽһû˯ߵʱʵ֪ģֻȴװԼʲô֪
ϴһܽȥмһ䣬һⷲ˵ֵϢһеᡣǰ鲻õʱϲɢɢģ˯һ
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ȼܽڳ飬ڲݵϣȺʵżüأʲô𣿡
ûʲôԼ˼ˡ
˼ˣΪԼȡīλãǰԼôܿȡ
Ҳûʣܽĺɽˮ֮󣬱ܽȥˡֻܽû뵽ôһһأѾǰˣҲ֪ƻû
Եټ
ȸת̲סͷһܽ´ΣҴҵһɣ
á
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Ŵ򿪣δͷŵĹι㣬Ƚ糿ҪһЩ
ڴʱ⴫һܵѪζ⿴ȥֻƻɫЩ԰ס
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ôˣǲˣ
ܽҪˣﶼĪѪζģǱ˵ģ
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һ󼫵Ѫζܽȷˣǲ˵ѪԼϵġ
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ܽǰҪȥջͣ½Ų̧ܾðͶԼЩԾ
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ߵϣѾɽ֣ԶһŨðɽƺˡվæµһڿʼЪϢĽֵϣĿԶɽ𴦣΢΢ƺʮ⡣
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˵ôһ䣬ƱתˣϰͷտЦ뿪


80 
ϣܽоһǿܾɽɧϣ򿪴ڿԶѰһѰԴ
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ܽջȻɽó̶⣬ŵǰһҧһڣع˹ǣҪζ
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81 
ϣʲôûзԼĲӺ¼Ǻ֮§סԼ˯ˡ֮䣬ҲůܽһҹδߣֻץסƵ֣ů
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С˵󣬶˶٣ھмУöնڿ͹ȤҲȥ
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82 
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ܽգ˵ͷð˵еˮɽˮ棬ֱ˼ɾЩͳɷˡ

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ܽתۿǸŮˣһµŮվڽֵУЦŵӴ~⻹ȸ״ˡ
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һССĽʿǷȱ˵Ǳӯ彣ĻƧʿʶġ

ܽɱˣѾˣСҲĶ֣ҲϾɱˣҲǰŵ룬С´󰡣
ܽ˵ҪƣҪõһޣɿ򴰻֮£ȴְƲˣδüʧ䣬˫Ѿסܽ졣
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83 
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˶٣˼Ƭ̣
˽ջ˶ܿǣµЩǿʦ׷׸ÿ˵
ƴӦĵغٺȻߵܽߣһѹסĲӣһһ㴫ܽҪ㡣
ζʵ̫Ũˣʱʱ̶̿Ҫһ̫ϲ
ǼһǲǾѪ
ܽ
̫˽ˣش˭˼߰
ʱѾָˣҶ㼸ӣΪʱ䶼ȥ棬òã
ӣѪܽǺҪӦ˵ƺҪֻ¿ɲԼ
ΪҪң
ܽףֿ˿ǰİƣҲʼһԲ
Ҿϲ氡ɣǺֱܿģҿûϲ档
˵ߣ֪Ѿص˷
Ҳûʲô׻˵ɣʲô£
ҲܽˣֻɫƣԼҲʶȤɿ֣֪ƸܽʲôϵɲŮ
⼱ӣ˵ҹ֮أһҪɱ˵ģ
迴Ű˼ֵɫȴҲ˵ȻԼɽóһ«Ӿͺڣߡ
˫ܽҲûôǡɣ֮ʲôϵİ취ŻֻȻʲô£ܽȤš
ңǰͻȻʧٵԭ򡣡
ɫҲŰƵ˼̽˵У͵ϮԷеļˣʱػδȥ硣
գҲüͷ۵һ˿ɻ
ܽʲô£ϾʱѾЩοˣӦף˳֣ƽҲڰŵġ
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ƲںΪںҹ֮ص
˵ȺУᵽζ
˵ȫ˲䰲һƬµšܽǲŵģǲܸЩۣͬһܡ
迴ŰĮȻɫ۽ǲһ˿Ц⣺֪Ǹ˲㣬ǲоġ
˻֪ǽȴףƺ޼䲻֪֮ǰǲġ
ֻҪڱƷѪҺˡ
赭д˵ֵЩսҲΪѰа취ڱζ
ĿʲôԼɣΪʸ֮ģ
˵ͷͬƵ˵ֵãǺӦϡ
ģʹȻ
ƿŽһڴģЦټɽ磬Ϊ±ܸ˭
һΪһӾͲµ˭
ȻЩʧⲢ˵µ飺£Ҹоҹ֮жоµҪ
µô϶ٴŽ磬ʱɽͲðˡֻ˵ĻָıǿˣҲֻ˵̫̥˼벻һ£ȻҲĻָٶˡ
ǣôãλµǶ̵ġ
ԾԾԵɫܽЩΣһ˵ܾ쳣˷ܣܲһϰɻͻƳɹˣɽҲôһ
ſ£Ȱ㻹Ǳдĺá
ֺһھƣڿûظһͬȥսˡ
仰˵ƴܽĳʹɫ˰ףȻ󲻸ٿˡ
Ϊ̫΢ˣЩſԣԼƺﲻʲôæ
ֻԼ
˵󣬽ʼ磬԰ƵĻÿɷȻתͷܽ˵ô㿼ǵô
ҡ㻹ֱӰѹӸ
ܽýĺ֣֪ҪѪģΪλҪѹӸԼֱӸƲô
ɲֱӳЩӣ
軹δ˵꣬飬ƵʱֻؿԼһۣȴ˾ζ
УŮǲ
ΪֱʳùӻĹ⡣
˸ֲӾѪȥϡͺ󣬾Ϳʳˡ
ܽûԭԭ˱ˡ
űŰɣҪȥżҪĪҪұǡ
ҲţӦҲţʵøˡ
żǵõԿף
û뵽ҪݵżȻؼյһ졣
Ʋش⣬˵ˣ߰ɡ
Ů飬Ҹ鱨ˣҲҳһٺóԵġ
״ģǱƵһۺװȥˣ룬Ů
ܽŽջıתЦЦ°ƣƵĺǿ
ôҪˡ
ʵûôǰ뿴ܽŵû겻ӡ
ƿܽܽһȻµģʲôæﲻϡ
ƱҪ٩䣬ܽ仰͵٩ˡ
Ϊʹ壿
ܽ棬ǵǸ˺ļԼûпʬ壬ǰǸѪ϶Ǳ˺˵ġ
ƽؿܽܽĵЩŵЩ壬Ӧôڡ
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֪ܽܶ˶ŷıĵûܹƽദô
򻨹ֻȻı򻨹ĹˣҲΪղûбʦһк
Խڵû̫ˡ
ƶ˶٣ֵֻǽƻ֮Ӳǡ
Ƶָ̧䵽ܽͷǸϣǱƭˣСıǲ븹
ָ⻺£۵Ĵߣʱ򣬿ʣ


84 
ɽʼʵϣ֮󣬽ûٲҲ磬˵ڶ㰴ʱܽͰСۣһƬɫĴҶӸߣͻȻһ˸ţܽЩڡ
һ·ϣ϶Цݣڰƺ֮ܽشЩܲĿ⣬ڵ۾ǲǲҪˣ
ÿ͸ö࿴
˵ĶԻһֱ̫ܽЩͷԣĴȥʵʲô
һЦܽǸ˿
ˣŵʲôƵģ
һ·ģų鷳ɽ綼Ѿ֪ˣӵ˼ֱɿ𣬰ѹ˵쳣ʣǲ֪⶯ֵ˭
ûлش𣬽˵ҪƵģǵҲ˼£ЩǸط˳Ķ÷衣
Щ˾ǲ£ѹֵʱػߡ
īܽ˵Ȥʵ㣣īŻܺƽô
Ȼǲܣ˵һֱӣſûسԿͷ
ǾֵҼǵõʱŹŪ˸ȥɱأǡ˾ˣ򰡣ɽûصĹˡ
ΪҪɱī
ܽţоīҲǻ˽ԹˣοţΪΥˡ
ֻصΪԽԽߣɽ˴ԼУ̲뿪ŵأչԽԽ˳
ñ˺ãʧŵӣǱϾɱˡ
ܽ˺󣬷Ȼ֮īûз𣿡
ûУ˵ʼš
̾˿ʱīģñͨһЩҲڹô
ͦɵġ
ܽ˵һֱû˵İüЦҲɵ
ܽϵЦ⣬㶣īʱ򣬰ƻЦġ
īߣǼ˰ƵЦݣзȻȻֱ
벻һܽҲܳĿࡣ
ͼԲȻӦãΪʲôĪЦ
ܽȰ
ɵ
ͦɵģлƺúù
ЦſԶƵЩףҲ񡣡
ܽգ˸Ҫǵǰƣſֳʲôżˡ
Ʋ˻˵ȥǰƵɫܿ͵Įƺ˵Ҳûж˵īˡ
һ·Ͼ͸ܽ˵һ˵ԼЩţܽҲýζڿ쵽żʱ򣬰ʵܲ˽룬㻰ô࣬Ϊֻĵġ
ֻꡯĸ֣ϱ죬ϻ˴δйľִ١
˵ǣҡ
ܽ͸Ӱˣʰƣʲô£
Сܽ
̫Щ±֪ˣаڣֲʲôֻһίͰ͵ؿܽϣҪȥ
鲻˽ίӣҲ˽һӣ󣺡Ժٸ㡣
ι~Ůˣɲ˵
ֻ˵ʵ
𣬱ҪʲôҸŪ¶˵ȥ
͵ߵ⣬вԵĵҪ۵ģ֪϶ҵ
ðɡΨһڹ֤ǡ
Ťͷܽڵ߰ǰں˪ຣ
УѰǣ
ĺ޲סƵ죬ֻҪģԼֶñ
¶һĨЦ⣬ܽҲеؿ˰ʻı飬䵽һġܾܽðƺ˲٣ЦҲˣǺ¡
ּ䣬Ѿ֮أ֮һɽ壬ɽ֮һǿĵط㲻̽ȥѾܸоˡ
ôãµۼǿô۷֮ʱָǿ󣿲ֹһǿĵط֮ضΪˣܸܽоۼʼɢ
˹Ȼ
ȥɡ
ƶЩССҲûʲôȤֱżȥصĵط룬ǰӲݳװΧһʯݱż
Χζģһɸõζš˺ܶ߰Ϣ˵ģģżͷĶƺֶ֮͡
ȻǰһΰʯȴܹȥĿԡ
ʯϻбܽķ͹ʩµĽƣ˰еǰԿףǰʮһҲ䲻š
ΰʯǰ̧ܽͷȥǿܿŵȫòԵԼرСܽожڿţƺڿǵܲܰŴ򿪣Ȼûһ
Ƹ˽һ񣬽⣬˻Լɫ䣬ɫĻëһϷɳȻзλɢȥ֮ȼܻ棬ŵŵĴӴܡ
ЩС־ûʶ˹̶֪һڣĶſţǾò¶棬˭ʶˡ
Լֵ֣һЩĵء
˵գɫͷĳֻܽһЩĳˡ
û뵽軹ΪģͺģӦ塣
óܽԿףתԿױһûʯϵ֮ϡܽʯŷ϶з紵¡һʯŻ򿪣һɽҡضֻܽץסƵֱסӡ
Ŵһͨ˿ķ϶󣬲һɽҡضͣ
ȥɡ
ܽɿƵʱ򣬰Ƶ׷ǣסܽ͸ű
赹ûע⵽һĻſˣ˵ģıڣţϹˣ
ܽ
Ľľ״̬
ǣܽȥſһռƵϴͬʱһտʯС
ŨصʯУѰԴ޴ڡ
տʯвûʲôĶǽһѺۣܿʲôҵĴ򶷡̧ܽͷȥȻе̵̣ĻһЩι״ģ
Щʲô
ָܽصֻ̣ػشһ䣺ʱµļ󽫡
˺ˡ
ܽ
ƶԸƺ˺鴦ΨһȫʬģҲֻ򻨹ֻûʲô˼ĺˡ
ܽ˽Ƶ֣ƺоԼĽţ漴Ц£
¡
ڿŨص𲻳ϢɱС˵Ǻܿµġ
㣬ܸʲô
ܽ룬Լɽﻹм̶⣬ָҪٶȴס
֮أ
֮⣬ʲô
ܽ㶣ܽĴǣǱҪġ
ʱ˵أĺ
ܽӲʱ˵뵽⣬ȻڱǼĹιȴܽʧȥ˼
̰ƵһãҲǿԵİɣ
ܽ漴Ҳ˰ƵĴǣĺ촽ܸоƴĻȡ
Ц


85 
żѾȥ꣬δҵǵȻͷı
Ȼ֪滹ʲôƬ۵Ѫ⣬Ĳҩ϶ǿġ֮⣬۵ľͷ۵ķ˵Ȥ
ȻΪնɱ֮ˣ֪ս֮ʱͰԼķȫˣһ㶼ˡǲѰµķֻﳤĲҩȤ
һǹ󣬰Ʊһֱǣܽżߣ뿪ʯ֮󣬱һҩ԰ҩζǹǵص˹һƬҩ԰ȻʮïʢÿһҩƷ඼ܺãũȵ˿˹Ҫ衣
ǱѪĲҩƷ༫ãҲҩ԰·߹вҩոɽ֮С
ȵȣʲôòұŒһЩ壬С׬һǮģ
ƣ
ܽסƵ֣˻ͷɻ
£ҿ׬Ǯ
գƲЦЦЦлЩ֮⣺ҲҩĲũЩ˲ǾǱ
á
˵ĶԣǸ¯ûùչʾչʾҲôš
ҩ԰һȦѲҩոˣǻüͷƺЩ⡣
ô𣿡
Ѱһҩ޲ݣɫĲҩΨйǺɫġ
Ұæҡ
ܽͼͼ޲𣿡
ͼݼҩ԰ûеģżƺ޲ݵϢԼѰѰ
ܽҵ
ͼС
֮ܽĺʹˡ
ͼɲٲŬֻʣһҵˡ
ܽ
ϵͳϽ˶вУǲҪˣ
ͼˣи֧ҪҪ
ܽ˵
ͼȥ޹һƺȡߣһֵ
ܽգÿУɻǽʣʧܣ۶٣
ͼһ١
ܽһƬĬȻû뵽ͼˣҲôˡ
ܽˣ
ƴʱܽվԭطʣڷʲô
ûУһ޲ʲôġ
ܽ˸Ļţһ۱㿴Цô
ʵҪ޲ʲô
ұˣĪҪʡ
ǡ
ոܽͰƱ߽һʯңʯͷɢ˺ܶѵкǣ꣬ǵĹͷȴر
ЩĹͷ𣿡
ܽЩ˹ǣЩ޹ǣʮ֡ʱһ紵ŵܽϽŰƣʲôԩ겻ɢĶܳˡ
εؿܽһۣҡͷ̾ΪгˣǵôССͰŵû
սߺ塣
ƵͷһۣǼϤķΣ˳ԭô
˭
ܽ˳ŰƵĿ⿴ȥһɫۣѾƾɲʧļӳ֣ĥʴѿԭģ
һũȵɵСӣϲīۣ£ҲԼ˰ɡ
ƵޱϲܽȴԶڻһλ䡣
ʬ˰ɣȥʱȥũȣҲī°ɡ
ǡ
Ȼ˵õȻȥ£һг֮ĵˣӦһֱƼɣܶɽ磬һΪԼĿܶǰһŹһһǸˡ
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Сˡ
һܽϾؼ׺Ȼʶ̽ȥûУǸоһϢһС
ʱһЦܽͷƤ飬˽Ƶģ߳亹
ү绹ի磬ܱܲҰ
ƣȻһ
һư԰ƮػΣһ͸ΣһһҪɢ֡
һ˵ӰҲʮңŭݵؿƣ㾹Ȼѡ񲻾ǣ˶ģ
ʧֱܣ뱾ιأ
Ц˵һǽȴѾӰɢɢѵؾۻָŰŭ㵱ʱڴˣȴ޶ԣƾʲôɽʦ
ʱ˵Ҫʦˣ
ЦһŰֻ˲ҽһɢȥҲ۲£ֻǺصη
ΣҪɱڣīô
ЦЦīӰɱ񶾵Ů˺öˣ
ܽ㶣ЩӦǸڸ˵
ңҲǡ
ܽδ˵꣬һһǻǼըֻһҽ֮󣬻ɢˣҲûˡ
ǻɢְ֮ܽƵҲ߳˺ˮڽţ
ðӰô
һַ֮ܽܽܲɫŵϸĿڣȻã
ߡ
һ۵׵ķ֮ɫҲЩ뱾Ტۡ
ܽ˵ֻǵ˵ͷʾͬ
ڴʱղǸ˵ֳˣɱ˰ӰӰڣһǣ
վīߣ㲻䣡
겻ɢ
ƵʶųȴץסǽɢδɢĻǺۼڲ׽ʱȴʲôһƲлѾܽڡ
ܽûаôǿʶδܲ׽һ˿ϢƲлܽԼˡ
Ȼл̫ѹûжʲôӰ죬һЩļƬ
һӽǣ˰ƼҴҵ˽˶аƾǡ̧ͷЩӵʱ򣬲ûд㶯֣ʱͷͻȻһܴĶҲضˡ
ηôһ˲ĳĬǵص䵽ͽˡ
ܽӻѹŷְƽԼãһǵؿԼ
ܽ
ңڡ
ܽӼѹƵɫ˳ʵ㿴ʲô
ܽ˼Ƭ̣ʵ棬հƱʵΣҲñǸô

ܽûָо㲻һĵ
û뵽ܽԼشΪܽΨΨŵŵظԼûСЦЦȻǣܽʱ߳뿪ķ
µʱЩ˾˵Ĳǣ»뱾ǣ
룬ī
˵ԼԭܽܰƣҰ˵ҲԣûҪǡ
ţһֲڣЩΪѣȻֲ֮ǰûУǲʯǽ̮ıĵΡ
ɡ
ѭźͼָʾܽ˽飬Ҳᡣһ·󣬰ƺȻͣݸЦѡ

ƴʱܽ°ͣһڣһſˣҲԼѡ񡣡


86 
һſˣҲԼѡ񡣡
ܽͻǸЩԺƵĻϾѹʲô˼
ܽ̽ʶĵطʵû취׼ȷظ֪κεΣգʮûаȫСһ·ϣаǣԼһܽ
ǰжء
ǰЩϸȥܣһ˿ζùζܽǰƵĽŲҲͣܽǰߣֻܽŲأ̤һҪܴ
ܽͼǰʲô
ͼⲻ
ܽŰƽһʯҺֻһʯ̫ܽǰʲôˡ
ȼ˻ҵʱ˹ҲǰǸ˵Ŀ

ܽ϶㵽Ƶĺ棬ûٶ࿴һۡһˣƤīɫģû٣ֻһƤͷףֱϣ˰ƺŻ̧ͷ
ƣþò
վŵܽץסƵ·˫̲סڲǸʲôУҪ
һΪ۱ô
Ʋ壬Ҳûм㣬ֻǿߵʯκʯǽԣѪ籾ƫƫȴɵ
Цһͷ˲䣬û٣ܽȴЦɣһȺȺҲ죿
ж߹󣿡
Ƽ˽㣬ȫ忪ˣʯһµɱ⡣
ŮĲ£ֻˣҲƬ֮ϣ
գЦ˼ôԶ£ǺԺС
īɫĳֱˣǳȴͣá
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˲˵꣬ڿڰ˺󣬺ÿ죬Ųڹᴩ
ء
࣬㵲סġ
ָһ㳯˵ͷ­˹ȥȥһ˲ָͰͷ­
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µһܵġ
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ôˣ
ˡ
˵ܽЩ⣬ܸоಢǻǣʵġ
һ˿ִǿŲ꣬ʵﵱһɡ
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ܣֻҪõѪܱģ
ʱǱԼģ뽣£ʱǵһξԼԭѲġ
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壬ǽڵССܹġ
ƴܽ뿪ʯңܽȼյʯΣ棺ΪҪˣ
Ƥ棬ʱ䳤ˣҪһˡ
ܽ˸ô֪Щֻôأ
żʯҺԺɵģЩԺʲôûУЩԺлҩƾǶոˡ
ֻǵڣܽû䣬ʼеˣ˼󣬱ʰƣģ֮󻹻ʲô𣿡
һԺڣԺǽϵıڻܽôʣ¾ʯɢµĽᾧ塣
УûУᾧ岢̫ôں쳾У滨
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գЦԺﶺƬ̺󣬱ܽ뿪ˡ
ղڿʲô
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ܽоͬиԵĴ˵񻰣ͦȤġ
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ЦһֵڵkѾˣ˾Ҳ֪ڸ崫ˡ
ܽգܾﲻԣܿˣԭԣ˼֮ȴ˼֮ơ
̫Ѫܵɱ¾Ƶ˻ɵɫʣ˼֮Ȼܽϰ˵Ҳֻɫʡ
٣¶ԺԺȣԼ˸ůҲ˰ơ
û˵߹һʯҺԺӺһϮ޷ǰ֮ǰõԺӺʯңԺӺ޷·¹һǰһ
۵޷
ƻ䣬ͷһ죬ȻЦۣЩСĺȤ򲻴򣬲Ҿʹˡ
ȻͷһߴߴɵؽҲ֪ʲôðԿۡ
ôڴ˴֡
ܽ
Ȼǣֵܻӡ
̣ƿţͷмֲֻӵСΧŽ򣬵Ƕֶ̽ŵģڽϸһ
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ղǼСһ̫ɰˣҪҪһֻ
Ȼѯʣдšþ;ܾӡ
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㣬ȷǺܳģ
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ֻܲ鲻Ըظ˰һֻȻﵽûзˡ
أ
Ŷˣˡ
軹ʧȥһֻСֵġˡҪĽơƵɽ䣬Ĵȥʵп޲ݣ
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ϻôʲô
ƽüͷϱ죬˵һȥ޷濴о޲ݵζ
ͼԣ޲ݾܽˡ
ܽգû֧ڷѰѰңƵĺӾϡһεĺӣнƣ򲻿ܽϰսɽ˵
ͼһֵһǧֵ߰
ѽ
ܽʱ֪ʲôһ£ֱֱק˵ϣһ죬ûϢġѽһ
ƺͽ迴˹ȥޱ飬ǽЦһʿˤ˸Цˣ
ܽ
Ȱ
ܽ۽°Ķһӵصðʯͷɫʯͷ



87 
ܽоԼĽŻЩʹŽűߵֻһ仰̤Ьٴȫѹ
ͻĲֱ֣һϮָ⣬˵ԭ˵Ĳʡָ֮ʱʶȻǿ룬һռŤ֮У˰֮Уƣȴɱ֮

ʱſǰһŮˣԼĳһģһŮˣһ£üͣ͸һ˿֮ʱ籯˵o
ī
ۣѾĪҪһһʹ졣
ʱīһˣϵϽɫѾмϢңɫ԰ף˿ϵѪ˳ָ£ǿ֮ĩ
ŴЦЦаڣܺīһһα
һſǱͷϵҲһ˵ǿ֮ĩֱǽ֮ݡҡһ£δīڣһֱӹᴩ۵š
ƣ
īסһ԰Ƶ֣Ҳ֪ʱģһԵرһ
ϻʲô
ɫģջīɫĳֵƻΪǳɣ
ֻǾãսøԷԺϡ
īȻüͷƽͣŰƵʱʼնݡ
㲻ֹԹһοˡ
ƿסԼżģֵΪλҪǣ
ֻѰһƽİ취Ҳףɱ¾ȥоͷ
۴ʱЦЦɢһ䵽£۹ķ򣺡塭ᡣ
ףЩȻǿ̸еĺöīĪҪ
˵꣬ƾ뿪ˣīۣߵδȫɢǰɻԸ
ۿЦҪ
ī֤ȻһЦһģڡ
۵峹ɢ䣬ȴһŷľʯīסá
ܽʶ֮˲Ƿʱ̣ܶƺͽûз쳣˿ˣΪղСֵڳܽĨһ亹ڳսɽ
վ֮󣬰ͶһǸ·˵ԼɵӡܽЩ˼صͷҲû뵽Լƨɻڷء
ڷѹһѾûʲôˣ뿪޷ѭŽĻߵ޷󷽣ԺȻһ޲ݡ
ҲǸˣȻֶԼ޷Ժ
˵Χ޲ȦȥǰĶݣԼΪҲⴥ
޲ڴ˴кô
ƵҲʲôֵģڲ֪Ϊ۵ΪͻȻôߣ޲ݱǴ𰸡
ҲֱӴ޲ݣжϺ󣬱սһƵĺżһȦżԩɧţǶˡ
ȱ˵ƵΪͨһĹ껹ĲǰƣȻƻһʲôϵɽ͹ʹࡣ
żѾûʲôɹˣǰոһƷҩҲջķˡܽߺ֧֮࣬صĲصƺ˼䣬Ǹܲջ
ǧٵֵˣһȦ̵ֵ󣬻ƵļƬ
ϷƲзУͽԣƺû뿪Ĵ㡣
ǽȥﰡ
ũȡ
ƻشһ䣬ܽҪǸǻȥũȣλǰع
Ҳȥ棡
Դˣ˵û˵ֹ˽衣شģҪȥδҲܲţֻҪ죬ôƱһ̡
һ·ϣҲ㰲ֻ֣żܽϼ䣬˵һ˵ǰԼ˭˭˭磬ûٶ˵ʲôȻڿ쵽ũȵʱ򣬽˵˵Լδũȣըǵ¯Թǵҩũ¸üɹ
ܽţЩ鴤Ȼһֽתһһ欵һ㶼
ΪҪũȣ
ܲΪúɣ
ũͷҲ֪㣬Ҫȥһұũȷ˸죬ԡ
ԼƬҶ޳ѩ׵ĳȣȻԼȣǻòأʱֵ๡
ܽ
Ȼ˵еǻ۷桭
ߣӣҲ˵仰
ƾ׼²ܽ²۵أһҪʲôǷԼʲôˣֻһԼ
һ˾͵ũȣũȹɺԳӭ֮ɫһƬ࣬ۿɼز˿־塣
֪ǰΪ£
תͷܽܽѺǻɺӡɺӼŵĺǣһϹڵϣ˼״ҲϹ¡
ʦ֣
ɺͷǣȻᣬ˲ݺᣬһ仰˵
˸ǱżѰã˳·ˡ
˵һ䣬׼ȥɺϰסǰũǷһ飬õũȵĵطǰ˵
û˵תߣܽǿˢˢںǰˣȻ£Ҳ
˫Ķ£ܽסԼԵģתŰˡ
ͷˣҪ̫̰
ȻǳģǺЦЦֵι£Ҹá
˻һũɫһ䣬ɫ糣ϵ˽һԼ
ϰƣЦʵҲأ᲻ʲôѪԵϵ
ᡣ
ô϶
īѪԵϵˣˡ
һȤʵȥ̽ù
ûлشֻЦһҪȥˣҪţҲֹ
סûٸҲǶ徻ˡܽͰƻصţСһʱӭһȻģ˵ԼûһٺóԵģܽҲ飬ȥ˵ԵĸСȻָӡ
һ·ҶˣûʲôҲûסֻܽܽҹȥ䡣
Уܽϲ鿴˸ļƬ
һģܽһƬڰ֮ʱǰƵӽǡֻ۶ŵƽʣһƬϲĺɫΧǷзܽȴɸоֻһƬȡ
ͮͮĵдĶǡ١֣ڽΪƫԶԺӣЩǧƪһɣαףصĻһ㲻ף٣ǰǳĺӣôҶԼ˵ЩûҲô˻ʶߡ
ʱһС˹С㣬ɱˣүҪ֪ˣǵġ
СƺæֻǴҴһ뿪ˡ
ЦԺ̧ͷһƬգǣһ飬ûаâ
ŲЩؿԺӵڣһźµŮЩãش˽˳üãüᣬ˿ɢ˰ƺЦݶЦ⣺Ǹլ̫ˣҲ·ͻ˹
Ůҿ˿Ȼ߽ԺŰƹҾīбȽϲʵǡǸˡ
ؿīһ仰û˵ȴЦݺ͸סþ޷
ī̧ۿƣݣ̾ÿ㴩¸ÿ
һҹƵͷԼһΪӭϲĺ£һأǿԼϵļ
Ȼһ̣ƺȻԼһ£ƺͦÿġ


88 
ÿ㴩¸ÿ
ԼܽȻۿֻΪΪоһ̵Ȼưһɲǵĺ죬ȻԼеɰ룬һͷѪǰ̵ؿԼ֮С
һ̣ôŰƣڰҹ֮£һϮ޺ȼ
಻֪ΪΣЩʹ
ͼ㻹ôͻȻֵôߣ
ܽãǲ֪ôˣͻȻúñˡ
ͼ㻹ҪڶƬ𣿡
ܽ
ܽٶȽƵĻ䣬ǸԺƸоīϢϳϢȥԺһƬ֣Ӧǰ׼ҵĺԺߵԺûã㿴īͰӰ
ӰҲһϮ£īʱЦ⡣ƿīĲһִڴۣۿīӰȥһ滨
Ӱӹؿī֪˵Щʲô
һ̣ڱѣɫƺҰһƬ紵ʶХ
ԭЦô
ܽӻʲôһϵش޲뿪һ
ͼۣĽŸզһôˣһʱһʱŵģ᲻ỵ
ܽޣô׻
ܽ˴ԼԼ侲ֵǱ˵ļ䣬Ϊʲôô󣬶ҡ
ƺվڰƵĽǶȶվīĽǶȶ
̫ˡ
侳ͬܣ󣬶ͷ亹
ͼȻûлҾ͸㷢ˡ
ܽڷҪ̵𣿡
ͼ٣ⲻΪ
ܽ
ûҵϵͳ񻵵ˡ
ͼƷһֻгɽĴֵʧܵĻһǧ
ܽѾʼֿµ𣿡
ͼǲµġ
֪ܽͦ
ͼٺ٣
ܽ
ϵͳĻˡ
ûа쳾Уоͷм䣬ֻڵûȥܾͷкܶ䶼֪顣
صźܽգȥ˴ɽ¡ԼȥܽѾ֪ɽˣֻüˣȥɽĵ˶顣
׽Ҳˣ
ܽû뵽ҲȥɽˣӸоǶûʱ򣬿ĵҪȥĥĺܻܿ
˵ˣû¡
ܽ˵µҲǸջ˵Ƥˣ㲻ȥôˡ˵֮󣬼֣þʮֲ
ʱһеߵ˵ʦ֣еæȥũ뼸λҽʦæ
Уھȥ
˸񣬴ҴҸǺ󣬱ȥǽŸš
Ҫȥɱɽô
ͼѶеߣǻջŶ
ܽƭ񡣡
ͼҲֻ˰
ܽٸͼ˵һۼõ˳ӿ˭ûţͷһЩµĲҽܽһëȻ
ղ˵ɽ˴СȥŸľ񣬸߱ƴҲɱ˲ˡ
øȥַܾ㣬˳ɽȥɽĽҲˣʱϢġ
ƺûóϳԸϣǼȥҲͬǾΪ;鶼ʮִĽΣգǳϺ㻹ϣǿȥԡ
ܽȥ˺壬ҲǸմӳɽûˣܽɽϢ
ɽΪɽһɽؾ޳֪Ϊ޵÷֮˺绽֮ܣʵǿ󣬷һֿԱ⡣ռɽΪɽɽŵĳžɽ硣
Щȥô
ʵȻЦѾǽˣȥԣһӡ
Ŀ𣿡
ԣǶӵģʱԴࡣ
ܽһӦ£뵽Լ񣬾Լӻǣǰ˷˻
һҪҪȥ
á
ЦͣҪѰҡ
ã
ܽϢϻȥˣصԺӣͿԺ￴飬׼ȷ˵ǿǾƤֽ
ò˵ĺѧ
ֱһЩ¡
ܽʱ򣬰ƷƤֽ̧ۿܽܽҲˣƺٻ£ʲôأ
׼ȷ˵üǵõ¡
ң
ܽʾ֭벻Լʲô£һ׵ļʶļʴ
Ǹֹˡ

ܽһĶʹֺôȻҪ
ǣҪôҵҪ
Цһ̾˿ҪѰѡ
ѰֻҲѰˡ
Ӧûȥ˪ְЩС֡
ȥѰ
գƤֽܽѾȥԺһ硣
̧ۿʣЦЦ
ء
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ܽ˪֣ʱôֻصȻһֻĸо
վʪϣִ󺰣裬
һ͸оһµŮ߳
Сܽôˣ𣿡
ǣǷҹӡ
Цݽ˽Ȼίؿ߽ܽûĸεģ˼һΪء
˼ˣ㻹Գƹ̰ɡ
ܽЩҲ֪˶Լ޺˵ĵҲ
ааɣ㡣
ܽһӣʮңĲðƺô
ȻѾʶ˼꣬ǽ軹ǻẦ°ƣϾŮ˶ǲġ
ʵá
ܽ˵˰ɣĺˣʱֺᣬˡ
һһŵر飬ֵʱ򣬻ǸݰͰ͵Ůӣġʱģ
һˣĪǡ
ī𣿡
īҲڽīǸˡ
죬Ľ顣
˫ֱأ󣺡ϧأܶ鶼Ը˵׳һ졣
أǻ˵µˣ֪ʲ׺
׺֪
԰֪Ŀ϶Ҷܶࡣ
˼ǽ͹ϵǱĵģҲѹ֡
ˣҪȥЪϢˣҪȥ棬ǵһ𡣡
á
ܽȥһһطѲ˶ʱ䣬Ժ￴Ƥֽˣ˳
ţʲôҸġ
Ǻ«
ܽá
ܽȥŪŪȻƳƺ⣬鲻ʣǷ£µġ
ܽѳɽ֮¸˰ƣ˺󣬵˵ͷͦãȥһЩõģȻʧ
ܽװƿСʧ˼˸ҲԼʧǸˡ
ܽûи߰ԼҲҪȥַɽ°ƻ
֮ǰõĹأ
⣬Ҫ𣿡
ţá
ܽҲˬذѹƸ˰ƣºɻʵôˬ죬Լã
Ȼ֪ЧãҲ֪ôã㡣
գ֣ܽܽߵǰָ֣ܽʵϲô


89 
ϲô
Ƶָܽϻһ˿ĴУҲһȫĲ˫Ⱦ˽̫һӳůɫ֮ܽС
ҡ
ܽ˵һ֮󣬷ֺɬȻһֶҲ²
һʼܺ°ƣǸӣͺɱģһϲʬְƺܶʱӲʱȻԼҪӦ
ദᱻֲߣ¶˼̫࣬ôһڡ
ƣʵ㴩ɫĺܺÿ
ܽҲ֪Ϊʲôѿڶ仰ɫ֮£Ǹ˵һޣֹǳޡ
һʣֲֹǴʡ
еϷʵЦȡ֮һһ˿įȻǵһսǸԺʱĸоŷ֣ԭһֱڡ
Ƶָ䵽ܽ°ͣס̧𣬺촽ȥסܽУȴ̲סȡȡǸ˵УдŷܽоЩʧأƯƶˣκһǶûйĸܣо˰Ƶء
§סܽ֫ԼĻ˻ڷҲɵԼĻ
ԼֻǸһģúɴʱ˿̣ܽҪԼôһСʱ˱ɵ֪ԨȻᱣһ˿ԨɾĽҡ
ܽƿƣȻļһԲؿǰڸղһ̣ЩʹƽˣȻȴûıˡ
Ϊʲô
ȥˡ
ܽƿƣȻǰ׹ǻȣϵĺһǿ궯ġ
ƿ˵ıӰ֪Ϊȴԭ񾭴Щį
ô
ܽ
ܽڻл۵ײŵһ˿Ⱥصˣһ˲䣬ΪԼֿ
ȥĪɽ
ȥʲô
ﲻǽǵʱ͵͵ȥĺؼĺƴڴãԼȥ
㲻˵ô
ǣǰ
ǰɣѵԼҪҿصĪɽĿˣ
ΪԼ»ЩģȥĪɽûȻˡ
Ȼҵ˶žˡ
ͼþ
ܽٲҾ겻ˡ
ͼ˵Ҳǡ
Ƽܽ˼ϢΪֻ̫ȣĹʺ㡣
á
ܽӦº󣬰ƱܽһȥĪɽʵĪɽŵһɽͷλøڣнƱţڿȴ
Ȼδ˾סĪɽСԺȴɳϢԺСúܺãССҲʷֵģҲûȱʳ
ԺǿŴӲήһ΢һлɢ䣬ɢ䵽µʯϣ䵽ľƾ
ǸƾֻһӣǰʱȾơƵСԺӲͬīԺкܰĴƮʱܿ泯һһЩܿɰĶͼ幤ôˡ
ÿƿţͷһɵѩ÷㣬µζӭ֮ʱ˱ǵζ
ʰúܸɾϵڷŵģкһЩֵľᡣͷľӻһ̯滹һϨССѬ¯ǰŹιġ
ֻһʰúܸɾĴ齣ֺǼࡣ
ʱ׺˳ȻǴһܽȻһѽ﷭
ܽ
⵽һѽһֻè
㶼Կ
ָָȻָʣ񣬵̫ڲʺ㡣
Ҫ߻ħζ㵹ǿԣǱȫʬˡ
ܽ
ǵ͵Ծܱܲôƽ˵ôµĻ
˴˽뾲ﵹǸõط
˵ùľϵ򣬾ãŻصϣÿһҪ뱾ͬ˯
Ȼ֪һ붨ͻȴʱ䣬ܽڴҲһ
á
ܽӦº󣬻ûסʵÿӵ˯֮ʱתΪΣ
ôʲô
Ƶָ⻮ϵȴûκһ򣺡Ȼȥˡ
ȵȡ
ܽ룬ǰѰҽջδҩ
ˣҲòˡ
̧žҪߣܽǰסһЩɣܹһЩʹ
գջԼǣȵܽҲ󣬰ƺԾسܽţ¶˺ĽѾӡ
ܽƵĽŷԼĴϣȻָĨϸҩҩƵģ˿ѪҺҲģĨָⶼǺ⡣
˹Ʋôɵˡ
ЦһһᣬһָֻԴµؿܽ˱ĥȴԸΪҩ
ܽЦЦôһ˵ȻҲԼɵһе˳ӶڰƵ֮£Ϊ˹ܽԼҲ˵ʲô̬ˣƷֿȴ־Լûʲôʸߡ
ϱǷİɡ
ܽҲѧ˿Цû̧ۿƣûпĨɬЦ⡣
ǰǷ˱ܶܶࡣ
ܽû˵ҩ󣬰Ʊ뿪ˡܽȥԼúʵĹ˼Ʋղһ
Ƿڰ˵ģ֮һϵġ˼ǰΣȥãֻǿӦʲôɣ
뼰ˣȥ˸շϵһ򣬷ŷǹļأдŵ֮һ䡣
˼壬Ѫ֮Ϊ̵ۣʱʵǱҪѪ֮ҪʮѪ׵СĹͷܰɡ
ܽЩͷƤ飬ȻһЩаŶ
Ȼʩ˵ǺǿģʵϻܱʮЧֻһʱһʱ֮ʩ߻
֮󣬻֮У⿪ת䶼š
һʱļǿһʱ֮ͻȥȻ˻ã
ƾȻڿ䣿
вУòðٿˡܽҪȴ棬ƽֻ֮ƽֻ֮һ仰дˡزȫĸ֡
һҲֻдˡҪʥ޹ǡ֡
ʵеӣֻдʹķʽûдƽİ취
ѡ˲ɵӾǷӡ
ܽһ׿ĵطȻȥʺԼĹһ飬ԼҲ֪ʲôʺԼֱǺĿĵù
ͼϵͳ⣬Ǹ쾪׾ѧһ¡
쾪׾ⲻǳĺˣȻ󱻰ƴһǸô
ͼԣǸī⹦˵Ķһ
ܽôһ
ͼϵͳûдֻͨ׵磬īؼ£ס
ܽף
ͼһ׵֮һǿһֻ
ѧѧ


90 
ӭһµĴľҳϡͷмֻе࣬֨֨ذ糿ѡܽϣһ֧ԴǷݻɬ鼮鲢ûǰ
ܽڴ˴ĵ죬ҳɢɢд˺һЩʼǣܽҲǿףֻڷһӦźá
ܲĪɽǰˣԼߵĺǣƶԼ˺顣һƺܲϵϰ򵽣ֻʵսʱܼˡ
ǣܽһԣǾòס
գܽ鼮ŻԶŸÿ߳ȥȴ̤һ˫ӳ۵İ׺ĺ졣߽Ժӣ֦ѾϵˣҲ˵ơ
ѹڰƵԺＫĽЩСﶼλɱ
ȥĶ
Ҹط쾪׾
ܽʵ棬ȴҡҡͷǿˣɱ᲻С
Ƽ㣬ȻܽţûɣֻҪһ۽Ƿ׵֪֮ˡ
˵󣬰һܽоһѹȸϮīɫĳϱּ߳˿ɫ׵磬ǿȻᱻ顣
ԭô
ܽ׹Ҳ׺鼮ϵķʽתܿ͸о˿ʲôƶȻ׺һ˿˿ɫ׵硣
̫
ջؽ㣬ȻջĶ
˵꣬ƱӹܽܽŷӦ˵ʲôв֪ΪξȻеСϲȻСһŰƽȥˡ
ܽо쾪׾ûлȥԼԺӣҲûмƣܾʲôطȱһ顣ڰԹһȱʧĵĵطˣůůģܽڲ˼
֪˼ֿ𻹿ƲסĶ
һȥȥȻһܽҲţȥѰһ
ǶԼķܽһЩ֪ԭԴļ֮⣬ѧϰһЩļܡҪԼѧϰҲǸҪǸʲʺԼ裬ξΰ̻ܽԼ貢á
īϲʼǣβѧԣڹؼĵطֻƬԱԺ󷭿ʱܸ켳ȡҪϢ
ܽҲҸСѧѧˣиԱļܣȻ⿿ûõˣҲס
˼ҳȻ̲ס̧ͷԼİơ˿ʱرüͷ΢΢˼һ顣
ֻùԼĻ𵽶Ȼָ䵽ϻ˻ƺҪʲôؼָס
ڿʲô
ܽĳһۣʱЩΣڿݣ忴ʲôܽûǸ
ܽջĿ䵽ԼǱʱżЦؿ˿ڣôˣ
ܽʱһȣþ쳣˻±ţҪֲ֪ͣʲôңҸվͿһۡ
ݸһЦ̯û˵
Ҳ֪ǰʩʲô䣬ܽðƲûļ󣬽飬ֻ̲ס۰ơѹûݿȥ˰ƽĨ˴֬ɫƽջҪ޺ˮ޺ӣţӣٿһۣ
̧ܽۿȥײϰУϰͷȥ޲ðԼҳ֮С
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ĪɽԺӴ˰죬֮ǰͻȥˡƻȥ֮ܽͻ˺üŷ׼ҹɽһΣܽûʺɽλãΪͼ˵ܸܽ
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ֱֱܽսĵطȥвŵڸս̫࣬һָֿ죬ӽʮʿַȥȻ·硣
Ϊ׵һӽ׸ߵĸ߸ӣһͷĺڷƮһɫĳۣһӣ֪δǿ磬ǰѹһӴˣźüýΪϸСҲһͬʧ
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ɫĻһڵأǻϿգѷ֮˵Ǳ˺۶յ
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˶ܽһôԼղҲװһأٸӡ
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92 
ĪɽԺ𣬳϶өԺӵСһȦȻڻ֮ϡ
ܽһҹ磬ө˲ܾһطԺӡϢصԺӵʯϣסǵ˿ڣ˻һ
ĺգͱˣƹǴˣĺۣô۵˻ˣҪ
ܽվòԾԺôǵԼȥʱûаȼ
ܽĪɽֻһˣĪǡ
ܽС̽ʶֻǻδ֮̽Уʶ㱻һǿ˻
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ס߽ţȻһϮľϣĻΪ޵˼ɫһ֧ͷ𵽶󣬵ͷϵ򣬼̧̧ܽۡ
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һ󵭵ѪζԼҲˣ͸ǱɵҲ֪ˡ
ȥˣ
ܽϻմһЩ΢ʱµġƼֱܽϺǶζѪۣסЩɫ԰ֻֽʣ°һ
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ĺʹܲѧɵܽƳƽݺύ˺ʱʱ־ۣüʹеȴ޷Լģ޺˿ھĳ
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93 
գϸ꣬ǺټܽŴ࣬꣬ΣҲֻΡ
ϸҶ֮ϣɳɳС̣ܽסһƬƮҶڰ׹ǻϿһ꾰꣬Ҳ岻ɢڻ֮µϴˢȥ֮µԹޣԼˮ䵽ͷϷ졣
ܽĪش˸˼ƤĬŰӷҪȥԼСԺӣȴһһĵ˹ܽܽ
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ʲô
Ӱ⣬ȴΪīķеָ߬ס½ǣԼǱ
ƵΡ
īŻںޣ۸оԼ˶ʹȥߵԭ֮ˣ㣬ٰơ
ӰһʱҭҪʲôȴͲˣǸ˵ȷ
ΪƵϢôܡ
īȻŶͷԽԽðûڣָסԼ԰Ӱֵĳ嶯
һֱΪƲңֻ㵱ʱٰܾңҡ
Ʋʲôˣδ˽һôµˣֻǹ㣬㱻ļԻ󡣡
Ӱ˵üѿڶ˵ʲôȴһŭȴϡ
죡
īٻ¶ŭƣǰ⣬ȫؿסǰˣȴƾܾǻ⣬ƴοƣ
ʱΪλǡɿǡɣΪ֮ôᣬӰļƵݶīֻԼϹۣû顣
˵öԣԼ䣬̫򵥣ҲԸ̫ˡ
ʧؿŰӰص£Ҿԭ㡣
ī
Ӱ˵ʲôǻһۣ³ѪԼҲȵؿǰѪɫ˲԰ˡ
īͷһۣȴû˿ϧֱת뿪ֻӰԶıӰһнԶΡ
ܽӻȻһǣȻôѪ飿
ðȥܾףʲôʵڵ
ͼò˵Ŵ档
ܽīȻûϳ
ܽסԼСܾ࣬˿˿ʹҲ֪ǲģʹͻȻȵƽЩźЩ
ͼղī˵ӰϵϢһġ
ܽôܣһǽڣ˫̥ϢҲһģ
ܽһִϣ޲ԼҲһִīͷϣѡ
ͼѹְƻ
ܽҲֻһҡͷɧ̫˾÷˼ˡϴοīӰ滨;òˣ֪ԭ󣬲֪Ϊξ͸Ӿòˡ
УҪ
ָܽעȻǰһٴνһλ䡣
Уīվڻ֮ϣһµվڳѪ֮䣬еĳڵѪű߶һ߾Ŀʬ塣īЩ˵ģŵòʧȥԼƳֽ˶һԼʣΪΣ
ЦЦ˺ѣȻתī¶һմѪգѪޣΪҺǣɱˣṩصĵط᲻ã
īһţֿҡҡҷҷĳѪצĹһ㣬ǰһҪӽһվµһǰ³Ѫ񣬾Ϊô
ǰ
ƿŽűЩʬѪһڣʹ죬ķЦΪ˾޵ΣǲǺң
ЩǺӣǡ
֮У
ī֪˵ЩʲôЩǰƵ壬ˣΪҪôʲôޣѰƳıô꣬Ƶز
ī㲻֪Ƕʲôûʸң
ƲδɵѪ״ޣһ˫˿ͷĺ˿˼һݺύ
Ǹ޷ǵĵôҾǽǵ
ƿī۵׵ĲЦӰҲǴģ˵ҲǺˣ˽ң⵹ǶԵġ
īҾˣô
īһ仰˵ŰƲص̽ȴ𽥱͸̽˿ڡ
īָ̧֣Ŷ˶ȴתӱʲô˽ϲõһ˰ɡ
Ťͷһ۵һصʬ壬ӻ˻ӣƬؽһڸǵĲ֤˺ۡ
Ȼط͸ңͲˡ
˵꣬Ҫ뿪ȴīִֵҲʲôһֻһˡ
˲䣬׵ÿԲԵɣʹɰʼմԼ̧֡
ī˸̧֣ˣȴޱȳأһΪĳء
ʵΪĨȥϵѪġ


94 
ׯ԰ռɽӣˮ˸ֲ̣Ը㣬ˮǰԴ
īڰ֮УͷǸׯ԰ƽͿֵķΧۿȴ΢΢죬ںеָ£źҪǼŻһЩٻһЩܿסܽ˿м̮ĸ
ؼׯ
˫ֱأϸ˿ؼׯһƬͣҲûīܲġؼҵȷչúܺãͲɽ֮Уƫһ磬͵һ˿ȡ
裬һ
˭
費Ϊ⣬ؼׯ˶ʲôԣճӦû᲻˵ؼ˲ѡǺ£ܱܿȷѪ꣬
ҿ̽Ѿˡ
˵˼ĵ˺óԵĽ˲ס죬Ȼһؿī˵ʲô
ҹ֮춯ԼһԣǴףԡ
δйһ㣬ϣīĲԲ׼īԻռ֮ԣǿ̽ģ᲻׼ҲīķĪ˴Ϊ˼Щδıؼһۣ
īѻ˽ǧ꣬;Ϻ쳾˼ԵϾֺαɣ
һ̽Ҹʱȥɡ
īֹסһֻܼ̽ıԺ£Լӡ
̽ɲ̽δɵûз򣬾ٸ꣬ҲܿѰ겻ɣīϵѡǰߡ
ҪʲôһˣֺοԼԪ
費ףʲô˵ǰ鶼˲ŸԼû취ﵽīһ㡣֪īһԿɲǰ̣֪·ȴ޷˵رǰȥ
˲Զɣ˲ԾȣΪӢۣûѪ⣬ǾɣҲʱ
˿̽Ҳûа취ˡ
īҡҡͷܶԼԼָȥѡ񣬿ֻ취ܹȷԼ֮¶ɡ
ˣվӲҲӲǱӲ
ī˳ָָؼׯԸϸȥ۲죬ָᷢڲСӡ
ЩҲ
˭ؼˣ
˴ؼҵı֮ȻīѾδı棬˵ҲѪסī뻯񾳺ؼҲܵ˱ӻڴ˴˸ǣôܻ£
˭Ҷؼˣ
ԽԽˣīĳʲô£ҲԻỤؼˣñ˶Ƿֺ
ңһɱǡ
īۿֺ˼֣Ȼεر۾ͦμǿڴ˿ҡҡ׹㡣ķͺسֺܶѺۣйȥ£ջɢɱ˶ϲģ
ʲô˼أѻ˵ס
裬Һõһаɡ
˵꣬īִڽļϣֹ˵ȥҲ˳סԼΣҪıкܶ࣬Ҫɡ
ʲô
֪īǲ˵ô˲ģԼһӽϢǵȷǳܡֻǴʱ˿̣׷ղŵ£ֻīܣ֪īֻ¶ĵʱ쫷һƬ档
ǻӣҪ
īһŰɫӽϣһҪں˪ѪҺӣ˪һýκ˽ȥ
ôΪΣ
ʱһ˵ģ׼һɽðɡ
īûлش⣬˵󣬱㱳ȥŹ⣬񱳸ٳأֹͣ
һվǸΪһ¡
һ۱紵죬īɫģòޱȣ˫۶ʧȥ˹âɽңɼĸƿҪˡ
ء
費֪˵ʲôźãֻǻ˻֣Ҫ£
±ӰһҪÿһЩһҪһЩ
裺
Ĭīͦε˶΢΢͵͵鴤ţӰۡ
ģһֵġ
ܽԻѹֻЩͷۣסԼͷ̾һ
ΪλôܣǧʯѹԼϣ͸
ͼôˣҰĸôͻȻﶥˣ
֪ܽҺʹࡣ
ĪһЩ棬ǶؼׯЩ˵Цݣ˵ճʲôʲôҪȥɢɢһ˲Щȫˡ
ȾһƬѪɫƬ˭һ
ī˵ýһˣǸ˾ԼΪԼ
ܽջȻҪĲʣ˺һŻ͹
ѵīȾԼԣ˼֮⣬֪īµۼȾԼԼΪҪʹࣿ
ܽ⿪磬ȥ͸͸ղīĻ䣬Щȷߣ˵죬Բ䵽˾档
ҲǾȡˡ
ȡΪλҪΪ˶ѹĪ
ȥȥҾͿ׻Ҵʲô
գܽ˽磬ȡ
ܽܿͿīĻ䣬ˮɻīֱϵˣֻī˿˼ԼˣʵأΣ
İɣûء
ɻֻҡͷЦú󣬺ĵظǸżдϵīڸԺӵķȥѰɡ
л
īһȳһյȥԺӣſţһҩζ˽ȥڸưǰҪǵöʱҩ˲Żõÿ졣
š
Ҳպðã˼ˣֻīͰƶˡ
ղʵ㲻ؾҵġ
Ƽīɫ԰ֽղΪԼһǹòζ쳵һҪһīΪ׺Ҳˣ޾С
ղŵΣ˲䣬иʣˣĲô
Լɫӣڵסղ˵ĵطīɵЦһ£ֻû˾ͺá
ĨЦ˵ײԼԺʱģҲû˵ֻһССĻȴ顣
һתһºȾƣīֹˮľȻúȣٺһЩ
¡
ƲͷһڣȻīһ۴⣬Ҳ̽
޽ԵΪ˼ǿһսʱʵΪԹҡ
ǹ㣬ֻǹ㡣
˵ƺѾ࣬ûʱҪܵĽš
һûԽȱԽ࣬ȻܿˡīæŸϵľƱȴסī֣ī뿪ô
ᡣ
Ҳ㡣
īЦһû˵ʲôǰѰƺᱧͻط
ưԼīĻУ͵͵˵һ䣺ϲ㡣
أȴᣬһǾ仰ɢˡ
ܽһδӻѹؿǰǸò׽ĵط˲ˣпɬһĨȻЦ⡣
ദܽīλ޷ģһ䡮ϲ֤ΪԼһЩƵĻ䣬ԼڰռһССλãȻôֵùĸ飿
ԽļУڰһƬأ֮أôܱȵùī
ԼֻǸ߷ԼԼֹҲȡڣˡ
ɫҲýˡ
**
գܽͰƾͳȥѰ˫ҵ֮˫ȻǶ԰ʮֽ䱸֮Уƺ˫ƺ˭˭
ӸǴǲ¡
ƿ˫ǽ䱸¶ãֿĶģʽǱڳغͰɽһɶЩ˭ǱĶô
ư˫һۣ˻ȻؿŰƣȻջһ񣺡Ҳ֪ôλġ
ǲĳϢ˵ϢϢ
գüͷܡ
Ҳġ
˫Լĸ֪˫ܻᱻЩСϷƭˡ
һܣл塣
˵˫˵ͷ⵹пܣҲ˵ͨΪҪҵѪ
ȡѪ
ǣҪġ
ԴˣƵ˼ֶղԲһֿԣΪѪ̫ôˣˡ⿪ĳַӡ
ɼǵЩʲô壿
壬һѣҩҼǵһǺġ
ֻ
ԣȷ
ܽ̲סһ仰ʲô
ӵһѪ壬ﲻܴȻĺܴŪģƻģʵҲףƾԼʵһλá
˫˵ģܽһȷеѲµıģܹƻŪֺֹǴ͸
ֻкܶ岻ˣϾѪ忴ǵӵġ
ܽ˵ʲôأЦһˡ
ǵֵעһˡ
Ƶ֮ǰδܽɱЩʣ´ɱڱˡ
һǵᵽһ˵֡
˭
ŷơ
գЦһ֮Ӧϵѡⲻͳô


95 
˫õõ鱨֮󣬰Ʋûȥŷңصţʲôû
ʲô𣿡
죬ƶʳʱܽûס˳ڡܾ㷲ŷҸг֪ǺܸܿϵжܽĽ
ƺһڻҲ١
ҪϢڽϴһСŷҿˡ
˼ǻˣ
ܽԼҲȿڻԼҲԼġ
ȻҲж
˫ֽӡһССĺɫг֣Ȼһֻֻŷʯѻ˳ѻһЩѻ˶ķʯǵ۾ǻҰɫģһҲ걾
ǡѻĿʬ
ţֻ顣
ˣܽˣʱʬϹҲ磬Ƶ۾Ҳ˲仯ҰɫȻ֪˭ˡ
ĪǣЩѻǹģڲôˣԼȥྣǾɳϣǰƻ᲻ᶼ֪
Ҫ֪϶ὣȥɳϵġ
ͼɳлл㡣
ܽ
ȥɣǸ¡
£ʮֻѻǵĳɢ֪δ
ȥŷң
ҲһЩȥɡ
ܽ˵ͷò˵ǰѰй۲˼°˭뵽Щ۵ѻǰƵأ
ƺܹĴ£
İŷгǶ°֣ô죿
ô죬Ǳԡ
һνȻѻ꣬˲ǣŹ᳹ףٴУǻʵ۲̫༱
ͼˣķֲʬɵľݵׯһǧֵʧܱ㵹ǧ
ܽ㵹˵˵Ҫʲô
ͼһ¡
ܽС
ӦӦˣȻطͲһԼҪôȥ
ˣĪҪ˱
Ŀ⣬ȥԼķ䣬ܽıӰյİƿЩƣҲոȣΪʲô
ܽҲƶī˵һϲʱ̱ѵҩù̽Ƶġ
Խǿ̽Խ޷԰Ρ
ܽ뵽ʱ׿˵ģԼֻһԼҲΪԼī
ʼգⶼʵֻԼԸѰˡ
գܻЩ£ԽܣԽīеļ俴ֻ꣬ǱŷƵһֱûȥ
ĿͰƻȥܽҲصԼķ䡣ٴ½磬ȻīĻ֮С
һƬڰ֮УܽīǵԼһɤſǻ˵Ż
׺Ϊˮȴɽơ
Ǹһֱ㰡
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īʲô
Ʒ˷һĴŽ磬෨޷ƿǰεǽۿҲһȦ˻ߵغī֣вϳ磬һ԰ס
ƿīǧ﹥īȴһƵᣬȴ˫ѹڽ֮ϣָⷺףǴӳݼ伷ģīҺ㣬һġ
ҽԼ֤֮սĲңһΣҲٿˡ
Ѫǧʬɽأǲ˼䣬Ǵ⳾Ҳһεƻˡ
īתȥŰƣһԣ˲֮ǰȥƵı飬࿴һ۶᲻ã࿴һ¶⡣
ʱ¶ġ
īҽȥ
ڽ˻ţīţȻؿǰ壬ۿĺȴڶҲڶİƻǧõɡ
˫ֽӡǰһ޴Ľ˲رɫڰƬأԻء
ơ
īŴʱ΢Ĺâ¶ҧס´վûסһᣬֵͣǸȴҲǸ
û뵽Ҫˣš͡ЦȴΪӿһ¼˵ĺӡ
ۡ
䡪
һ׹ߣܽоڼƯһֻСɻȥԭĵطɽиӽǻصż޷˱˺ڰ
ܽһѲϸֹزһֽĿ־Ϯ
ôָо
һЩֻصһ
ɽ
ܽסԼͷһ֣ǰǱīɫ֡
ͼզӦһαһδӣ
֪ܽ
ܽŰڶһ˲䣬ͻȻīˣǺµģʧȥһУԼͷ
ຣһ֮ҲΪڲ߶Ϊˡ
ȷǸֵþ֮ˣֻжܹһеʱ򣬸ж຦أ
ưеġ
ܽûǰúõں쳾֮£滨滨Ļ˺ö࣬оʱῪˣֻţ
ף
ʱһƬƬ껺һɶصζҲӿ˵ɫ½ɵɫﻹСƬСƬĻ꣬м仨оһŮһͦϡ
֮ǰڰƵļ￴һΣֻʱīӰĻŪˣûȥ滨ӡϿ滨Ļϵ滨ֻǵʱûжྪޡ
һ֪滨жÿչʾɢζ
ܽȥ滨滨Ļ궯˶ƺػӭŮӡһ滨ĵζСԺСζˣΪʲôóԵġ
СǴɽ˳һ滨⻨㰡
ȰǲҪⲻǸǳԵġ
ֱܽҡҡһƬҲ𣿡
ԡ
ܾܽĥӲݣҪ͸Ƶģ˭ֻ滨δժȡƬɹɣĥɷ͸ơ
գܽժ˼ƬԺɹССϾԺΧ滨о
ЧܽͬżǸӣδ򿪹Ҳ֪װʲôнƣĪɽпڽƵ飬Ŀ԰ˡ
صԼķʲôƺ󣬻һеݣսⷨԽ⿪һʧˣٳκڰǽƽ⿪ɫӰһɿһϸ졣
ܽСشӣһӡһڵ׽ߣɫ˿һβ͵滹һֵӡ
ܽӣȻ飬˵ѵķ죿
ɲˣû뵽֧Ȼܵõһķ죡
ͼķ죬ѹͷ˵ܽ񡣡
ܽû֧񣬿ң
ͼҵңҵٸ㡣
ܽУ
ԭһķżҲϾķô۵ԺֻСֵҲ˵ͨˡ
ˣƲҪһֻСֻôôų
ˣȻԼС֡
滨ɹɺܽͰĥɷۣ࣬㹻ȼһιι㡣
ߵߵ
ܽߵ˰ƵķţʱƾͰŴˡʲôûʣܽһۺ󣬱ͷܽŵС룬һЩɫķĩ
滨ĥɵķĩڹιܹЧ
գֿܽǸûпԼЩִ٣ֽŵιɣЧΡ
ûнӹС룬һָܽ°ͣΪβҿ
ܾܾ
ܽ䣬Ƶʱܻḡī˵ϲĻ棬Ҳῴī׳ʱĻ档
߰ġ
ûв㰡
ܽŰЦЦ£ҲɻˣĪԼоˣ
ܽʱ濴ŰƵģ۽Ǻģһ統ʱŽʱ޵ı飬ΪΣ
ùС룬һֻҪܽʱȴܿˣȥĪɽˣ
ܽתߣסҪʰǲ鲻õĳ嶯ʵģҶʵģöĵġƱ˽ס뵽ܲˣЩɻҲһʱ⿪
ͷķĩ俪һĨɬЦ⣬۵͸ȻĹ⡣
ɵϡ


96 
ƻĹ͸뷿̨ܽϻȻĶ
ﲢֻΪӱܰƣȷҲҪĶʱ򣬴ֻѧϰܹ˾øƽˡһЩڽƵ鼮һЩճõ䣬žǰɾѪ
иȡһЩСС۷һЩʲôģЩִǺܶʧȥֵˡ
ʱѾҹˣܽ˸ԥҪҪȥ˯ƺһЩ
ܽ߳⣬һܹƼڶĵط˿ڵƻͨӶۼǱսҲӭУʲô䡣
ѵлᣬȥҲá
ܽգȥڣպڸ˵ܽڴûš˵޷ǾҪ֮ģħʲôģһЩѵӵĻ
Ȼźͳ󻹹һǼԼʮƵòܿܽϳ˭īĻüۼ䶼Ǳˣӡ
Ϊλѻȡ
ܽվһ֪ԭīɣΪѳӡ
ŻһվٰôһۻᣬõӽīԼΣҪǿͼ
ܽգҡͷЦЦȻת뿪̫ˣԸȥǵûʲôӶҲ޿ɺǡ
ߣȡأΪʼ컯ɲ˵ǾȥЩʲô
ҲˣīԸΪԼģԵøΰˡ
īɣôǸˡ
ܽ룬ĨƽոӼȵӰЩģȥɽϿһǰûôײڵĶҲɽϣǿĨӰ͸ļȣҲܲĲԾգƾЩԾ
ڽʹĴ޹˺ѷκīֵİƣܽԽԽˡһ˲䣬֮Ĳɽǲƽԭʹĵġ
صԺӣĨ̺Ӱ£һĻ֮ϣȾ˺쳾֮ɫĹӡŴɫںȾƣָ仹һС«ҡţϺĽűѾ̳ӣѾ˺ööˡ
գȻѰ
ôࡣ
ܽ̾˿Ȱһţʰϵľ̳;ƿӡƽôϲˣÿκȾƶһƬңԼĵɧȥͷһ
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ԼյǽǲҪˣڵİȻûЩļա
֪
֪ŻƣŻԼʹУȫΪī
ô֪
ܽЩۣƵĺһۣ˳ֱֱࡣܽƣϣɿһЩѾŲĺ⣬ǸƺûвԼʲôֻԹԵؼڱǰʧġ
ʧģ촷ۣʲôû£һ
ƽܽҪԼжʹһܽҲоˣҲۿǸ
֪
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㲻֪ô֪
ץסֽܽ˼֣ܽ漴¶ʹ飬ɰƲûзֵ˼
֪˶ң
Ҳ
ܽҪͣȴɽ˵һɽѾ䵽ܽϣһǳǳ˺ۡ
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ܽһҶѪҺһ䣬ɽֻԼȱ߲вһ
Ҳ
ܽ˵һ飬ƵۿˣЦ˼һɱ㡣
ܽһҲʼ
ھڴʱͷԺؿû˶ɽҲɻ˰ƵɽʱܽŴش˿æһԵĵϡ

īǰƾͰԼīһԼֻǸҪԼˣ᲻ذԼ˺ˣ
ŵϵİƣĻܾܽ˵ҪɱԼ
ܽȥǸʱ궼˺顣
ڰôΣգôǲǸ뿪ˣԼīֻǳˣӦҲɱԼ
᲻ãϦദôãôã
ŰƣīľԼ絶Ϊʲôֲīתʱµźġ
ģĵ׵źղĵطȴѿ޷ӵĲ
վī˰Ҫġ
ߵߣѰƱ˹ԵĻƳøߣǱȴᣬǺŵĹιζֽܽ˽еˣ̰˿̵İɡ
Ƶһ죬˵㣬Ǿͺˡ
ܽЦѰƱȥŵϡǶЩ󣬰йôһ˲ѣʶԻ£ۿ˿ܽһ۳˺öʹͲʣлľ
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ܽѰƵַŵߣǱĸоβָһɢȥһ̬ȡܽƵȻĶͷһǡ
ҲīҺϲ㡣
ֱܽӣֺԼδɾֻţܺúõİҪá
īҪúԼ
һҪøǿҲһҪıѳ֡
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ܽ죡
ܽȻѸҩʹʳɽ䶼˷ϡ룬óһֽ֣ȡͷǸֽѹס
ˡ
ͼҪߣ
ܽǣˣ뿪ˣƲѣ֪Ҳī
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ܽңҲҪܣҲ㡣
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ܽҪ뿪ǻ̲סٿ˰һۣ᲻ãӲԼ˺ôһһʹࡣ
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ܽͷңϲ˲ңҲ뿪ôҶ侲һˡ
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һǵĹϵǲʲôͻһֱѪֹ
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̲ס˳ӺģܽҲûסְ§ԣúչˣúչ滨
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ʱȻûʲôʣЩķꡣ
ʱ򣬱㿴ԶϵĶı㿩һ¡俴һ֧͸ܽѹһֽϣ͸һȥ¥յĹ¼ţĳ׳
ߵߣŷҩɽ䣬Լѹסᱡֽ
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Ҳīܽ㰮һֱī֪ģҵ뿪ܹǶ侲ܽ
ƵЩ΢ֽҲָȥɫ˲԰׼֣ǲסһĨԳЦ⣺Ҿ֪ߡ
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סԼؿڣŷԼ¸һ䣬˭ο˭Ϣ֮󣬲૵ܽҲī
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97 
ܽ;ж϶˺һܾþô뿪ƣĺƱͿһ䲻ʵƮƮġǸ˲úչԼʱ޿̶뱯֮С
Լô뿪ںɣǡĻΪԼô
ѽײˣ
˵ʧǵܽŻعæ˵ԲȻǿԼ
ͼȻ¶ˣͲҪˡ
ͼʱ򿪽ܽҪøǿ뿪Ҳи𣿡
ܽʱĺܲϰ˵ͷͷǵ
ͼٺ٣ĺôͷͨ
ܽһȻ·˸̣ҪȡȷˣҪ¿ɽģҵǸڹôҲܰһЩ
ܽŲ裬Ⱥżܿŷε˾ܿǸľ鲻˻ǴкῪЦ
ˣЩ졭
ⲻǸһǼôǲܲʲô
λʦ֡
ܽ˽סӻͷܽһ㲻𣬺ɰ
ǻǵҰ
ôܲǵãǼʦѣǲǵãʦҪǵġ
еӰ뿪Ц˵ţܽҲ׵غѼʵҲڴˣ
ԣ֮ˡ
ΪΣ
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򲻴ұǱңλеӰܽ͵뿪ˡʱҵϻƹѾˣżȵֱʾл򼾴ȵл󣬼תŷܽ
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ֻǺһһˣǰ˵ļȲ׷ɱǸˣһЩС߼ȣ󣬿԰ȫȥš
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Ϊȵĸ֪ǿܸ֪嵽ûе⣬äĿˡ
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˵󣬱ٳһֻССĺɫ꣬ɫֵģȻûٸͶιֻһ˫ԲĽɫ۾ֱܽȻֿЦţʮָˡ
ڴʱСҲܽɽгָСǽ

СϺͽ꼸ͬʱڵģһһضڶԷϡеޡ
ʱǽϣСϱӶԱӵᣬȻڣû뵽Ⱥ˻л
ܽЩԣֻܿ򼾴ѰһЩҲԼľȣ͵ѰһЩĵرͬҩķıһЩ
Ҳˣ׽ǵ˺ܶ࣬ȥҲö࣬Զϡе衣
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ܽȻص˵ͷҲ׼ȲԼԼжϡ
Ҫô㣿
գҡҡͷȰ˵æܸĲֻ֮࣬ҪеģȶȻΪ㸰𡣡
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ܽҲˬ죬ȵҲϸ漴Լ˼õļƻ˵˳
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ܽӣѾǵֻˣ֮ӶҿԼ˭֪طôͣԼһҧ
Ǽ˵ŷֲɽȻýԼѭǹ룬һ·϶ûʲôԽ룬ܽĿԽǻԼȡů
᲻̫ˣ
Ҳͣͷ˿ܽЩµصҲãǻû
š
ܽ̽ʶһǲһСȥ
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ܽųСϣȥѰӦ¸ǳĺۼ
˵ַܽųҹΧ½Щˣ˵˵壿
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֮Ҳܲˡ
Сϲ߳˻ܽļţˡ
ֱ
ǰֻһӰԽԽһִһȣ԰ޱȵϹһĨõЦ⡣
ֱģĲ޴ģһҲ׼Щʲôô
Ǹ˳úܿɫڲ԰ףɽбϻԵˡ
Ȼ˿ܽĳеǻͻȻɫ󾪣һſŤ
㣬ī


98 
㣬ī
ֺһ𣬾һַ紵ЩצĴɳɳ죬
ܸܽоֶһɱ⣬Ũҵģų޵ɱ⡣īֺƱ˹ԳΪʳɳģǾ궼ȥĺ⡣
ܽûлӦֻ΢΢Ǹÿһûëڽ䱸׺ŵûһϵľֻܿ˵⡣
Ҿ֪ûôܾôˡ
̽Եǰڣīû˻ڵΪҵҪҪ磡
ܽͷð亹Ȼ֪ǰѲһֱ˵ֻǲ뱩¶Լ顣ΪԼīôͼװԼīٶһЩһɵġ
Ϊĺڿ־壬īľ־塣
һɺϮ˼ı̣绢ҪܽȥܽԷǱϵϼǻΪǿзӦĻᡣ
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ǵģȶڶīֿ־ֻصϡǻȫסĻ棬ֻнڣԼƾΪĸߵǿѹһͷġ
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˶ס־壬ܽϵ磬б׶ԽɳŨصܽȥſЩ׶īɫĹâȻǴ˶ģ
ģ
ܽһӣѲ׺ֱȡ˵š÷ȥɰѲ׺ʱϳһ˿ɵЦݡ
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ҪӴ֮ʱһ֧ݵһ´ŰƺǰȵĻ˲ΧΧܽΧҲȥ
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һԾ£ͬľ飬·ɽֶأÿһӰ
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˼ܴӰ죬˵ȥȻɫٴα˱䡣ָ£Ŀݵأɣʯͷı涼һ˪ݶ١
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ܽҲǵһμ棬һһȻδɱ⣬ɢϢɱ⡣
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ݸղŸûвȵϢԼƤ²磬ԼȴǲŵģԸоԼڿţԼݽС
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ݼ˽䱸иҪתߣȴվһֻҹ
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ʲô֪ˡ
Ҫҽƣ
ͷ̧ܽһ׵Ƶˡ
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99 
ر֣նܵ㳡ȥֻΪһʬ壬Ҷ̲סȥһ̽
㳡ΧΧˣЩΪҪһʬ壬ִһʱ֮㳡ֺģȻʵѲҪ֡
ҵʬ壬ɻΣΪһγɱģҸǵγϣ
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㿴۾Ǻɫģ
Ƥ׵

˵ţû˻ɼ˵ĻʵԡָŶݵʬ壬γΪ岻ҳݣպŶȻҲػİģ
Ǹݽߣ̨ϼԼҳϵĹͣºܿʹ˴СγϸϹʱ򣬻ȥ亹ΧĻѾûˡ
γϣɱִ֮ȴعұģ
γǸֵˣôһ˵飬ȻΧӿҲֻǿЦЦһʱ֮Ҳ֪øͻǸ÷ϡ
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гڣǾͲ
ȴһ̨µİҲŴ󺰣λγʱ˲ͷĺ˵ʲôﻢ£ǷϣҲû˻š
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ʵһۼܽʱ򣬼ҲǳԾģû뵽ϻơ
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뿪ʱܽʩ䣬˰ԼµϢԷô׷ٵԼ֮⣬ʱ̶ԼϢ»ϰɳѻ
ܽҲֱӵԼͰĹϵֻհųϵǣºܿͻᴫɽ硣
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ׯǣǱķأׯһֱĸܺãҲΪʵɵȻһϲɣϲύѣԻλûһȤΪûʵ۰ģ˸ҵ
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ľŰ˰ְѷɳʵСİɣһػƶʲôģҽ޻أ
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101 
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Ҳ໰۾ȷŻҪ죬ǳĹצһ㳯ܽϮܽò׺ǰЩǻˡ
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ǽ𵤺ڣܽǽ𵤳ڣ֣Ҳκβīʣ޿κεʵ
ƣôɱ㣬Ĵһһ
ܽĬĬԼֽϻװȥˣֻżȣǵӣ
Ӳˣҡ
ȿһԵת磬ֵǲܰ綪
ܽһһ磬Ҳòģںڸղŵĳ嶯ˡ
ǰڣӦҪԼˡ
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102 
ׯɵģõĶϺõĳľͷһЩԵĻƣڴʱӳİ߲ۼ
ܽڴУ˸˲˵ģȴһûԣˣȻҲҳʳ
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103 
ҹɫŨܽϢڼɽ棬ΧϢֱһ˿ɱڿ֮Уܽϴ
һϵķ磬ڵȵˣȵĲ²ûٹȻˡֻ֣ΪׯûһԺӸˣӦŲǡ
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104 
ҴڣϣĿأĻ֮£ԵֶׯϵĿڴ˿̺ĵ˵ŴʱׯΪ֪Σ
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λ֪УӦһ壬ȴ֪˭ڹ
üһ֣еǳϵĲ԰Ϊ˼˿ɫԲڴҪµĵ
ҲܶˣҪսپ
ܽ񱻷ŵѻȥһ룬ڳׯڹ֮⣬ӶԼ뾡ߡ
ΪΣ
뵽뿪˵ʲôζһ磬ѹûΪʧ䡣
ѵľ¶ˮԵô
Ѿ֪ҵ䣬Ҫˣһ档
˱ìܣĵױ˼ÿһ¶᲻ɾǿܼ棬ĵ׻Īķŭڵġ
죬ʼû˵ʲôҲ״ʱǽŮ鳤ʱ򣬼ԼıͿһ飬Ҫһ䡮ҵ㡯
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ҶϿˤ֮ʱѾǰֱ̧ɽ˻ʯǽϵЩҡ
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105 
գظ˶кûзκմŰ
һȦҲоŷҲ̫ʵЩĳٶԪӤڵΪҲںڵѾͷһ㵹ü벻ͨ
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ܽһҿջ߳ҴҵģҵʲôҪ鱨
ϢնɱһӰºݻɾ嶼ŷˡ
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ȹЦŤͷ磬˵۽ҲһЦ⣬ǳ峿ĵһ⣬ǳǳڴأѽۻϵ¶顣
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**
ķ綼һĸоܽغس·߶ź͸һζһʼܽЩϰߣžҲϰˣеķ顣
ֻǶкüغĳкü򣬻дССΧôҪôѰʬɵľݵ㣿
ûɣ˶ıӻҲûʲôаܽڵﻹмǰβ̵Ҳģ̵û
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106 
ƽܰͣׯԺǿһϵӰ٣ȴվһֻһѻ
ţһͷֻѻͣ͵ģʱرȽ籾Ҫˣ˭֪ӭһһϮµİ׷ŮˣϴδҴһƳЩޣû뵽ϸȥֺֹǾ޿ġ
Ƶüۺ䣬ԣһĨЦȴЦոǵ˵˵ĸоУôƸ˵ĸоǾ顣
ֺ־顣
ʱֻ˼һۣҲ֪ôģ˫һǹԹ˻ȥ֮УȫûԼΪλҪ
ǰһ̫ǳǳò֪ܽһжķüȾΣգ̶ֻصԼðȫĵط
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Ӧܰණɾ
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ѾС
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˵֮꣬Уһգ۾ͲӰ
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һ̱ǵ֬ζܽŽȥкüû֦չŮ˹ΧܽߣλﳤúƯ֪ǳ¥ѰػСأ
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Уû⣬Դλȥ
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ʱܽԼЩìܣȻôԼֻѻʬƺѾ˵˰ںԼʱ̲סӵ룬ڴ˴˭йӴôƵĲȻṳ̆ʵС
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ܽͻȻЩ裬ҲԼ̫٣ô˿Ů˵ݣ
ΪԸ˵
Ϊ赶ɱ˰ɡ


107 
Ϊ赶ɱ˰ɡ
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Ů˾˾ԼеСң³ɣЩʯȫ黹Ըһ
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֪ܽЩСô֮󣬱֮ҲȥһЩԺԼжĻҲЩϡ
ʯͷܸȵϵʶӦģӦʬɵɢвںȾ͵ģȻɢˡ۲ãſһųĺˣЩϾƺֶһԡ
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108 
ܿ죬Ǹȸˣûʲôõ鱨˵ҲһȺҷԵĵطؾ
ȵʯͷܺܿھݵһ飬ʬɵľݵ㲻󣬴ҲΪ˷չԲֺܼ򵥡ʯͷһ󣬼ȱȷݵ㲢ûκε塣
Ϊ׹ǵƫԶҲû£û⵽ǣҲôɭϡ
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á
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ŮһҲûдкֻǵ˵һ䣬Ȼƣŭ⣬Ҳκζ
ڣһЩ
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ЩѪͺͷ޷һӿ

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109 
Ǹϣܽ˿ȥֳ
·ϣ˿û˵ҹ̫ڣ֪ʲôһ£ܽϰ˷ס˿Ųˤڵϡ˿ҲԵץסܽĸ첲ֺֻ䣬ݹһ
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лл
˿˵˽һ仰ǻĹ⣬ܽϵĲ԰ףȽɫҪ԰ࡣ
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ץס֣ܽܽЩۣû˵ֻץסˣô
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ˡ
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δá
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ܽҲϲ㣬¡ϲˣʵ
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ʵЦͦÿġ


110 
ǲӼҵĵ̣϶дСӡֵĵȻӼѾƶſƣڵдϡơ򡮶֣ٻЩġ
ܽһ·żо߹ߣǵ֮ľӣšӡ֣ûʲô飬ɥ֮Ȯ
ܽ·ߺŲ裬뵽ǹƶŵĵ̣ʳﲻҳԣҲҺȣֻ˲裬ȴһҲûȡ
ڿƶŵˣ˵˵ЦЦŸղӮ˶ʯǸմӶĳٹȺڵΪ˵һҪѲʲôģɵ飬첽뿪ˡ
ƶŵʵҲǶ
ٹѲߣǵ˴֮ôȻģԼֿˡ
ڣܹ֪¶¹ƣ˵ΪߵĲӰ죬ǻСһЩ
á
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ܽûѣ԰Ƶʱֳ侲ԼĶҲԼ󣬻û˻֪侲֮£Ŷ԰Ƶ˼һʧõȸԾҲһٵ
£Ҳ˼ǡ
˵ģҵޡ
ưܽβָںϣһ֣صĳŵ
ޡ
仰ǻþҲԼôԭǰôˣ˰ƣ˭ܹ˵仰
δ
ܽʼֲ̤ʵĸо˫Ŷ޻ϣ̤֮ϣһʵĿռУƺһʱա
ġ
̾˿ܽʱЩȻļȣԼӦüǵЩʲôǣãȻķӦ˰Ƶġ
ܽĻȥܣ㣬ġ
ƵڶߣһصΡ
ʲô
ҵĻǣҵ꣬ʲô
ʱ̤꣬ʱ̳ɵ·͸߲ƹźô


111 
ܽعʱվʯǰʯϵĺһһ޺죬Ⱦ˵ͷѪһ
Ťͷ֮ˣվŵĺȻһµİƣɢһͷ˿Ʈյİƴĺ¡һЩɫᱡĺɫ˽ɫ½Ǳأ˵Ǽ̫أ˵ǳֶЩ¡ظС
īȷô
ЦЦЦ⣬۵ȴǲزסĽţԲȷʱĽŸС
ҪԿкܶ취Ȼһж󣬵ɲˡ
ƿԼһѵõȴɱǿӲװԼĲں
ޡ
ƣޡ
֣ܽƣһƬ䣬ȴ˲òСסŪһ
ܽЦЦŵЩޡ
ƽĴѿڶǵ˴ʱ˿̣Ĵʻѷһһء롯˿ޡȴ˵ᣬ̽Сģ±ܾ
һ統·ԺǸˣ˵š㴩¸ÿ
գĺҲܺÿʺϴµˡ
á
Ӧ£ָ˶סī֣á
˵ã֪ܽԭŵģֻһˡ
ŶԿĻӣڴ˽˻ͼ˴ռΪУƵģȷʵ˲ʹ졣
ǵĻһԿĻӣɴ˿̵ǣһģǾ͹ˡ
ǰ׹һܽ۵һ˲ֿǰһϮ£ֻ½ǲûŽɫӣҲûһͷɫĳȴ޵þˡ
ô
ס˽յ֣վʯǰһ
ˡ
֪ܽΪʲôԼῴظܵϲţУǵʱšһԼƤ⣬һʹС
Σǻ룬Ǳ˵Ļ䣬Լġ
ҡ
֪ܽ˵ʲôãһƬңû뵽Ѱ֮󣬾Ȼķչ˴ֲ
꣬ʲô˵
ʾһԸսŮܽŤͷȥȴδԼ־ǣŰƣ֮Ψһ
˵֮£׶ԷȻұ׵ʲô˲һ
һһһ˫ˣȷ˲
ʱ֣ܽ˵һ䣺ߡ
ǡ
Լ
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ƴܽߣ̲ܽסͷһۣöϴȺˣһ£ȻȻĿͶȥ
Ȼ󡭡
ˣҲǵôȥˣ
ܽƴϷۣǸϤķۣƬƶˣľȴΪͬܽͷ˿Լƽյ֣߲ˣָȴһһһȵ¶ȡ
㡭𣿡
ܽ󵨵ȿ˿ڣʱȷƲῳȣҰ֪ǣŵܽ֡

ƴ½𣬰ȥеĹ⣬˿£ǵúú˵һ˵
ܽӣҿƣ̲סƣûס
׼Ƶ˼Ϊ˵
˵ˣҲ˵ףķ±ǲģ˾þɥǷѾ˼ȥ£ȴɲ²͸
ʱܽſְƻǸķһĴκֻĵΪˡ
ǣǸô£
ܽѵ֯һ仰Ҳ֪Լô˵ܲףԼ벻ףΪʲôԼԼи𰸣ֲȷ
ӵȷ̫ʹ
ܽ
ǾΥ
ÿαһЩģһα󣬷䵽ʵԼĪ԰ɣ
ͼʲôԣ
ܽһϵͳҪ֪ô࣡
ͼ
ΪīҲܽ
ƽ˽ܽðģ꣬ǻˡ
ΣҲ뿪ˡ
**
ܽڽʵԼīתԼ֮ǰһֱԵĴ׶ԼԼĴףīĻʵԼ䣬ĸҲԼиܹġ
찡ôãȻԼԼϾ
ܽţβָǲȦĺ߾֤Ǻ߲ƵĲβָꡣ
ܽ˪֣ҲΪµģֻֻԼܽ롣
ư֮ǰܽû׵һ壬紵ܽ壬ܽȴûƤһ顣
Ǻ˪ֲнžܽԼԿף
һʼҲţϾ㵱ʱá
ãˣ˵ˡ
ܽ˰˵ĻʱǼƹݵģÿһǺ⣬˸ɰͰ͵ģ°˵ȥ
һʼβָĺ߲ûзӦɽ׮׮ȷī
Ƶɤ֮ǰ࣬ΪյܲΪղŵϲ¸ȾҲͨʲô
ǻ׺ǻ𣬻һЩҩϣɺϣʮɺϣΪ֮
벻ףīǰʲôڵܽļ
ܽţЩ飬ⶼǺͼҲôɡ
׺飬϶ǻҹδ
ܽգ˵ģԭ׺ԼûϴˣԼˣ
βָĺ߲֣롭
ܽŰƴһҡ֣ܾůһҴˣеı¶Ҳܸܵһ˿뵽ů
һһЩǰļ䡣
Ż˸Ӧ߲Ż֡
ܽգЩƲۣû뵽Լ͵īͰƵĻ䣬Ϊһ߶ҷ
ͼ㾹Ȼī
ܽķӦ᲻̫ˣ
ͼղΪ֪ݣȥһݡ
ܽʲôݣ
ͼڷһ˵
ܽüͷôϵͳģ
ַˡ
ʵܽǷȻ֪Щʲôüй֣ܳģ
ûС
ܽͷֵңȷһһЩ䡣
ʲô䣿
ǰͻԶطܹ˵˶ôԼһֱܡ
жʹŻ¶˺
ܽʱ˿վ⣬Լֻһ֮ƴô磬˺ѷεؽлõ֣ʱ죬Ϊѵ嶼һ󶴣һ޷ԭ£޷ԭޣҲ޷ԭΪԼ
ʱƱīڽ֮⣬һʲôأ
ǱôŽ磬þ취ȴ޷ƿ˻ȴ޷Ǹ˸ľģһ̣ɷ죿
첻ҪộԼԼǰ
֪Ϊ滨
գû˵ûЦûһ˿ı仯۽ǵһĨһĻ죬ί
īңǸϴˣΪӰ㡣
ܽһʱ֮Ҳ֪ûôƺīҪ˵֣˵ҡͷЩᡣ
ÿ˵Ϣһôϴأ
Ϊ֪ôƺīվԲ˵ˡ
ϴ档

û⣬о֮ǰī͸͹£ܽǣƾȻܽīĽ͡
ͬˣ˫̥ϢζҲһġ
ΪӰҵѪϵζҼһģһ
ܽĿһ£жĴѸٵ˰˵һ仰
ʱܽʰɱ˰Ӱģ˵ԼʬԼѪҺ
ѪΪý֮Ϣ֮ô
Ц޵ã̫Цˡ


112 
֮ϣƶ֮䣬΢촵öƻȴһ㲨ûС
˵֮ô΢
ָ⴫΢΢ܽˡ
ô΢ôܷƽ˾
ΪΣ
ܽ⣬ΪηҪ˺һȥȫԼҺİõ˵ƲǺˡ
Ӱ㲻Ǹˡ
ʱҲ
ЦĴָָɨֱܽҪҪ͸ĴĨȥܽ͸̫ۡ
ҪܽĿҲ뱻ܽ߿ֻߣҪۡ
԰ңҵһϵĹߣѪҺǳȡ
ʶؿ˿ԼȻѪ˿ѾĨȥֻҪﶼʹ
˿ûˣʹڣǴӵ˿ڣһԼϵĺ죬ĥ˵ġ
ΨһܰǰǱ
ܽû˵֪ƲҪοҲҪԼ˵ЩʲôɵȥգôԵЩ޴룬׾˵õĺӡ
ô
Ƽܽ۵ЩţѰĺӣԼҲйġ
ϧûֻܰԼԾȡ
ֻǡЩںޡ
ţ
ںԼûܰﵽ㡣
ڵİƲҪ˵İ㹻ǿµأܡǰأļסڵ֮ʱϣô
ֻЦЦ۵һ˿⣬ⲢܽǶξһһ̳ĺ⣬·״壬٣İơ
ǣʲô
ܽãĺⲢֻЩ׼£ڰ˲ĥ˺ۡ
ǵóĺô
Ȼǵá
Υ֣ĳĺʮֶʧȥˣʲôϣ
һϡ
伣ˡ
ұǳĺĽɫûüֵĽǱǿԪӤΪͻƻ񾳵Ĳϡ
ܽһȻҪȥ˰ķأԣƻðô
ҵĸҺͰӰ󣬱㱻ĥΪĲֺãƫԺС
ܽ˵Լ£¶ʲôһٱܻ䣬ʹҲҪЩڰ¸
һ֪Ϊڱڵʱһֻʬҡ
ƻϣ֪ڼңоԼ޷ټȥо͸˿΢â̴ܰʱֻСˡ
ͬĬĬԼԼߴ׾ضԼվԼǰؿԼǻҰɫС۾΢Ĺâ£ˮմȾ˵Ƿĳҡ
񣬰ƶֻ֪Сǲǿˣǿˡ
ֻС˰ƺһȻļϣĲϡ
һ˲䣬Ʋ֪Ϊʲôˣɬһ֪ʬǲ˵ģ˵ĿʬҲᣬο
һǽлʲôʲô
ֻѾԼΨһˣȴһĪĸӦоһⶼҪԼԶȥˡ
Ǹϣκ䣬ԼϵҲ䣬ĹҲġȥһＸֻһǳǳϢֻϵžһˤڵϣ壬ѽӲ
ֻˣұ֪Ҳˡ
Ƶ۵뵲ɢİסԭĹâΪֻ֮󣬰ҲһȥûУһͻȻȥˣκһ˲䶼ȥ
ΪЩ˻ȥ
**
ưܽǣҪһջ䣬ʱҲ뿪ˡ
īô
ܽǰİƣֵͷ˿Լܾ仰˵ЩʧС
ԼȻǸȲīת
û뵽Լ֮ǰЩˣȻǺƣʵ
Ȼ
Ҳأ᲻ɱң
ܾܽòȷתֶ̫ˣƷԼī᲻ɱԼ
ΪԼīתĴ
ᡣ
ƴ΢΢ڿܽеʱŵҴһͬȥǽ磬һ
̫ˡ
ܽкȻǧ׳ҵϢɱ֮Уһģģ˲ŵĴƣۡ
ָо̫ˣ弴˺飬촷ۣɢ䵽֮Уʹ֮ޱ޼ʵƮУС
׳ҵ
ʱưͷϵժĻ˲䣬ڰҪָϣߡ
ô
ƻǵõʱǸϰ߹ԼǸûƻشˡ
ʱܽ˰ɣԼ͸һˡԼʱҲãģתܽǵǸīô
ܽŰ˳ϸ׵ָŵЩ΢΢˰Ƶؾܾ
īҲīܽ
ܽԼ֣˶βָһ֣ΪīϲҵģΪܽϲҵģ
ܽȴûȥǸ𰸣ͼЦԼԼϾĺ֪ƲԼīתأƶԼϲм֡
̤ܽſڵ˲䣬ƵĴģ͵ģźʲôίһ
ϲʳīΪЩ
ʵƸ˵ǣϲܽæµʱģϲʳһڴԼӣϲԼ˵óԺһӡ
˵ڣ˵һϲ񶪵ף˵ӣ±˺
ܽסŲͷƵʱһμ棬ûʾķ֡
ǰƣܲŬŬ
ʲô
Ŭ㻹ϲʲô֪ҲǰԼŬŬ𣿡
ܽЦЦȴƵɫãȻȸԾһĨЦ⣬ƲĵһĨ⡣
ʵЦĺܺÿ֣κԵЦǺÿ
á
Ӧ£Ȼ̧Լһ黪ְȥָĶѾ飺ӣʱĴ
ܽܿװƵ˼ǿųʯͷڴʱ£˶ƵĹ»Ҫչīһˣܽһ
ܽװƶԼĸƲīģϣƵĻϲĿֶڵԼܽǵĹҲԼȥ
á
ܽӦ£Ĭ϶ǸԼʲô֪
ʲô̫صԼ˿ҲƵĻβָĺһġ
ȥ
վ̤ܽһʵǺµģǸżǵεĽ磬׸ȴ̵Ҫһ»촷ۣƮƮط赽Լǰ
ӯĸȴصѹڰƵѹ塣
ȥ¥ʣûʲôóԵʳ
ܽǴôģڣı⣬ʱ˿̣رʺϳʳ
á
ЦЦյЦرࡣ
⣬ȴ䣬Ϣ˲ɢѸٵس
ûļһضţǾ͸ˡ


113 
ܽһ춹⣬һ𻨸⣬춹һڣüͷ⡣𻨸һڣüͷøˣӲˡ
ǲɲⶼʲô
̾˿ؿ˿ǰڷŵرȴȫȻθڵʳ
ôô
ܽҲһڣȻַ£뼷һĨ΢Ц˵óԶ
ζȷЩЩӲ
ҳĲУϣƲҪһŭ֮°ѿջˡ
ͼˡ
ܽһ
ܽȻ뵽áûݺͼ̫ˣԼıãһᱻʡ
ͼת֮ȥִ˵ӦʮģȴĪ꣬ҴҴææذ˻
ܽô˵⻰оϵͳظй١
ͼôһ˵ǣԣҪǣϵͳ⵽п˰ٻˡ
ܽٻңҾȻ裿
ͼɰ
ܽ
ϵͳ֮ԽԽˣô죬ͦģߵȡ
ܽӦòǰƣٻģһ֪ң˭ٻң
ͼҾͲ֪ˣͣҲû񾳵Ϊ
ǻ񾳣ʱֻаǻ񾳣ڱչأô붼ĪϻжŵĻǿߣ
ֻ˭
ˣΪѰǹƶŵˣ
һָƿӣⶫԼһЩܽϻعҪͷʱ򣬰ȴûֱô

ܽûȻ˸
ƿܽһȵģ֪û˸٣棬Ҳ֪Σڱƽ
ܻҡ
ܽ
컹죬˻Ǹˣò˵ܽͦģֵ˱ʱ
ǹƶŵô
š
ܽú棬ԼѾԼϢԪӤڶδܲԼĴڣô¶ģ
ǿܽеɻ󣬰Ʊ͵ƣմ˹ƵζƳԹƳĸӦΪӦǿƳ淢ġ
ܽЩû뵽ôˣƵζȻԼϣǡһɳζ
ܽԼЩЦʱˣԼĵľȻԼϳƻ᲻ǹЩ˶ԼǷе⣬Щʲô
ôȴ֣Ϊʲô
֮ǰûԹȹʳˮô
ԣûС
ǲûе֣ڵȴʱ
Ǹղŵĸ㡭
İɣͷʲôûС
˵󣬴ɽóһС«ŴǳǳصһڣŵǵʵãֻܿƳ֣֮ʱǶ֮ʱ
ΪΣûеǣ
ܽȻѰģҲû¶ʲôЩôŶԼأ
ƶǶӤɵģմζֲǹƶ֮ˣܲкģ˵ǰɣ
ưܽһۣȻ̾˿ָܽϵһ£̫ãӶںͷˣ
ܽԼţﻹŰƱ£дϸ΢ʹС
ֻܽεЦЦʵӶ·ƷԼ˵˻ȥĵطܽһֱ룬ƻѰԼѰˣԼʲô˵ʲô᲻ῳԼһ˫ȡ
ˣƽȴ
㡭֮ǰǹⲻҵģô
ܽ˿Ƶβָܲ׽Լ٣ҲѻԼ˵ҪģûǱԸԼ
ԡ
ƶ˶٣ǰʱ䣬ÿһߵò̤ʵΪҲܽµػҡڡ
ܽīйͬ㣬ԸҲ಻ͬתжһжٲһϲĵĸ
ˣӦ͸ܽȥīӦǰˣһ꣬ڵܽʵʵԼߵˡ
ףϧǰˣ뷨
գܽССһסԼЩҵȻ󵭵ءšһ̲ػӦ
ô֪ԼܸأƾǸôߵˣԼҪǸ⣬϶ҪõðԼɹɡ
ׯǸɱ𣿡
ɱˡ
ƴøɴࣺһֻӰƺԽԽСɽˡ
ҲûīԲŷɡİģ˵ӸУҰҲУĪֵīɵ㡣
Ϊ׽͸
ô
ܽҲݽ壬ΪҲôеģضȥ;һ塣
ţһһҪ
ʲô
⿪䡣
**
ʱֻܽջһֽƮƮֽдһо֣ҸȥѹƶŶˣǡ
סԼС࣬һںޣԼЩصҲ䵥ʵҲ룬ȻԼ·ˣ·ҵ·û뵽ô˺ͰƲսĻᡣ
ߵߣƿǵ񻨴ӭһ磬̾˿֪˳˳أ
ƶȵռӪӼڣŵٵĹƶŵӺ󣬰ƺֱܽɱӼſڡ
ӼҺ͹ƶ˭Ҳ˭ƶ֮ҲҴӼҲ˲ڻйƶҪʱԩй
аڣܽҲûʲôֵıҪֻԼãƱܿʹ˴˹ƶŵ
ǲ֪ͷʲô£ֻǵ֪˭ʱѾˣ᲻Ӽ⣬ӲͷƤ
֪ΪͻȻɱ̸еء
վվһֻһĶ˵ǺӣȺӻСݣ˫Ŀͨ죬ģʱᶯһ

ƣҲǵùƶŵ㡣
ҵˣⲻô
ƿվڳӼˣЦǱӦɡ
ûɳǹӼңҲ֮֡
ƿټӼѾ˲ŵ㣬Цⲻˣ۵͸ŵķɱʱܽƺϲֲض֣ܿɱϷ롣
Тգû˵ߺ޵ؿųıӰҪ֣ȴ־ֻơ
йƵζҾúȥٵģð롭
δ˵꣬Ʊ˰֣ͷصĪҪ̬ˣûʱ˵ϻ
ƲЩʲôʣĿ󣬾ûа;Ŀܡ
ػˣڹжŮ˵ӤӦɱ㡣
һݣǾû̸ˣǱΪǿɣ
Ƶĺͫ׹⣬һĽȻһط˰ơ
Сģ
ܽҪȥŷԼضֻ֣ƱڰƵĽ⣬˺ҧץӶ޷Խ׳ذ벽
ڴʱƴɽзųһССɫС֣ܽϵżдӽжС֡ɫСһֽŵСһ̶̵ǰȻ³ϺɫҺ塣
ûϺɫҺմһȻ˼ȥϵҺ塣
⣡
ʱŷӦⲻͨС֣Ϊ³ҺͲͨ
ΪƺͶΪˣһ۾ͿѰ
ǳ޲ݹʵС֣뿴ƶһЩ޶Щ
Ц˵ҪȽϣʤȯա
ܽΪԹȺڣû뵽СֵôġԭҪС֣Ϊ˶Ըƶô
ÿһ׶˶ٲ


114 
ϺɫҺ˵۽һʼֻǼæҺ壬ԽԽȻ󷢳Ľϴģɳ˵ʲôͣ
ʵ֤޲ݵĶһЩ
ܽһƱϿʲôǴǼĽжϳʹѵ˻˼Ƥ
ΪߣҲֻԪӤڣʱѾʧȥսҲٶȴТһ̴ҽһǺТ壬ҧг֣
Т¶һЦһ˲ЦТɫҲűˡܽԣŰƿȥʱһϷı飬иȤķչ
Ƕ԰˵ġȤ
ȻТɫ˲ɷףڵϺһ䶯ָ׺ݺݵԼƤϣҲ֪ʹ
µĹƳ棬ɱңɱԼô
סԼᴩ˿ڣɫӿʼһֻֻɫС棬Щܽʶ򼣬ЫӣʲôģһЩС棬ʲô
ʶǻЩΧɫĻڴʱЩҪɢĳӹȻҶˣɵĳҲֻڻȦͷ
׻ҷҷ¶ˣ񼴽ջһΡƵڵһվڻȦ￴ѵТ壬ǺһƵḶ́һֻһֻֻݵֻܹ
ʯأ
̤ǰһĵһ󣬴ֶ˶˳ָ˵㣬ʲô
ԼѰ
ſ˫ۣЦȻֱֱƣǳһĨյЦݣǰܱ˾ɫǿߴҲǲˣ
˵꣬Ҫ⿪Լܽ²һģȻһԱɧŵİȴЦЦ
һЩӴ޷Գȫ㡣
ڱѻ֮󣬻ĶǴ飬ٰƳɿʬҪʬ䡣
ľٶͣƣһ޴ĺڶһп־֮С֮˿־壬ֻΪϲŭ޳ΪӲκ棬׷ԶǼµķ
˵Ŀ־壬Դڲء
Ǹ㲻صǲصʹࡣ
ҲûȳӦֱӺһӣʶ˹»ǻʱ򻹱
ǻʲôоʹĲֹƤ⣬ꡣڰǰã˫ȱȴһ仰ֻ䣬ã಻ܡ
ôЦˣ
ƵָָųĶͷһĻȣЦĻˡ
˵꣬ƵƮƮ䵽ڹТϣֻͨ죬Ѫܵץۣ䷢ͺҰޡ
ǰˣжٸˣҰޡ
Ŀ˿һˮϵĺˮһελ£ŰʱǴźģȴҲһ˿ηľ⡣
ƵĿ⻺صϣóù˺þúþãʱڴ˿̺ͣ͵ġ
Ƴɿʬʱ򣬱ǵðסģ㰲á
ָצڳͷϣֻ۷ף˲鴤ܽջ񣬲Ըȥ͵֮ʣЩҲɧһֻֻײǻȥТҲøˡ
ȻаڣƶҲǷַӵ£쫷ݿࡣܽȥֻ̽ƣһϢûȥŻܾȻսɽ
󣬰Ժӵ޷ҵ˹ʯܽҲҵһεӡ
֧ڰƵİ֮£ˡ
**

ܽصջһʱͰ̸Ǹ֮󲻽̾һĪصǲ·ͿԸǰսˣϧ
ܽû˵ֻ¶һֲʧò΢Ц︹̣һ֣Ͳʲô֮ˡ
ˣǰȥˣ
ֻܽһˣĪǰѾˣʼԵһ棿
ȥ󡣡
ܽʵҲ֪ȥﲼֻ֪Ǹ⿪ģӦһʮصĵط
Ҳ֪ʱֻܵš
Ҳ֪⿪᲻Σգֻ˵һ䡮ȥ󡯾뿪ˡ˵ܽеʧģΪƵȥҴҺڸԼԼﲻʲôæֻܳ䵱һ͡
ǿİƵǰԼʼ̫ˣһԪӤڵߣοԼֻǸڵС˼أ
ڴ˵ضһʱɣȰǰ
ܽ죬δüѡá˵űƿƵһسſڣƿźϡĵؿһ΢΢ѹѹ°ͣǴкȻܽߡ
ȥȥĶ
䡣
ܽͿذƴɽһɽǵʱǸͰ͵
ֻܽҪܣҪҲ·Ϊ·յԼ̫·ɽһģһĸоˡղŰƴԼһ·ǽԼȥǣ϶Ҳ·
ɽ˻߸߹ɽĶˣű䳱ʪɽɽĿտðɫķĩΧһȦӣ㹻档ȦﻹڷһЩһںɫҩֻ֭ƣʯ飬Ǹʯ
ҪΪ㻤𣿡
ܽ˵öе飬ԼôΪƻҪӦðбϡ
ƸҪ̤Ȧȴܽʵ㶣δ߹ܽ¡Ƴܽ˰ֹǽڷ֣ܽͷһۣͿǣϣȻһƴȦ¡
ܽºŻع룬ǸղŰǣԼ߹Ըġ
㲢̿ˣΪ䡣
ܽ㶣ˣΪԼˣǰƷ˵ԼҲ
ڵֵ֮ʱģ䡣
ܽӺһ¿հˣؼ˵ЦȻ飬Ѻ֮ʺѪµһԺȾһƬѪ졣
ܳΪлҲ䣬ԲӰ졣
˵ɣܽȴץסص㣺䣬µô
û뵽ƽﲻôеڴʱץסص㣬ֻЦǣѾнİ취ˣô
ܽץסƵ֣۾˲ˣոŽ翴Űʱӣô˵Ƶ
ܽԼѡ񡣡
ҲӱܽȵҪסޣס㣬ҲжߣжϣҲ練֮¡
ܽҲź˿ҲҪΣҲҪߵôɾס
ЦһڣҲ𣿡
ܽƵĻĻ׽۾ˡסƣļͷһ㴳ڤ磬ֻΪĥҵĻô
ԡ
ơ
ƸоԼļͷʪ󣬿ȴƵЦЦֱͷ̵Щ
ۿķǣܵС


115 
ʵʲôʱְƵĿķǵģ
ϸϸ룬ǴһЦ˵ÿԵģȴɽֱӸԼװһɽʳġֻ֮˵ҪɱԼȴö˶˵ذԼŵ֮ϣΪԼˡ
һ˵ҪԼȴ÷˻ԼĽǣһ˵вĻһȴֱԼ˯
ܽԼšͣû뵽һš͵ġ
ƸоͷǸǿЦģδü˴˿̵㱻һ仰˵ÿЦá
ۿķǣܵС
ܽӰƵļͷ̧ͷʣ㻹ʲôң
ܶࡣ
Ʋ֪ôӺ˵Ǵؼһ̣ԼȻǺǰҲ޴й˼
һ̣ʵȷܽīôһоĸоܾôŹܽ
ҲãҲãһֻ̣˴ȥԼߣȥңԶı߽磬ҲǸһεǽǸŵɽ𺣵ǸӰ
һֱѰҽ⿪İ취ô
š
ƿܽǸ΢΢ͷȥۿͱͷĺ졣ܽ΢Сʵǲʹࣿ
ʹࣿ
ӵɽ𺣻׽٣˺һԼ壬ȷʹࡣ
ԶûпǽӲСԼǰǰĨ»촷ôʹ࣬ʹʲô
ұչ꣬о˵ʲô
ֿ̿˲סҲûѸԼˣȼգ˵ҲֻΪϵơ
ܽ㶣ȻЦ˳ô˵ƵƺΪ˺ö಻Ҫʹ
ˣº˵
ưָǺɫҺȻܽĶͷϻһᡣ
ǡ
޲ݵҩ֭СֵһЩѪ
ܽɰ޲ݵҩ֭ԼͿĨȻּҩ֭ͿĨԼϣܽſʲô
һɬѶķ䣬ܽоǺܹϵΪһЩ׹ģЩͼػһ
ʥ޹ǣȼȼҹ˵
ָΧһȦİɫĩЩʥ޹ǵķĩ˻𻺻䣬䵽ĩ֮ϣȾһȦ
ǻ𣬼ҵķ˻ϡ
á
**
ڿջ죬ûܣȥҲֻڸļߣԶˣԼҲȥջ·ˡ
գڴߣڴأͷϦ£ֱһ˿βţ̾˿Ѵϡ
ˣǰܽʲôɣ
룬ͣɻҲδܸ鷳ܽӦʲô°ɣ
ҵţصߣҪԼ裬ȴонŲнջʱҪΪƫԶķ䣬˻ᾭŲ˷ܵվ׼ȥŵʱȴһ˿Ѱζ
ǲ˵Ϣ
㣡
ת򿪴ҪᴰȥȻһײƴźһҪпˣֻüȥʯ䣬ֻһźɫ񣬴ߵվſڣҪɱԼ
ˡ
һīɫĳӴ˽ֱӰ˺ɡ˼״תӣɽҲûм׷
û°ɣ
ܽ˻δȵˣڴ⣬һ˲ԾڣſڵһƬǽ塣
ûû£û°ɣ
ҲܵģܽûˣŰȻ͵ˣղǸĿġ
ΪҪɱԼ
ʱƲƵڴ⣬һ۴ڵǽ壬ȻһӣӶɽ˻ӰһڷڣɻͻƺҲע⡣
ǰ˼ǣղǸѰΪ˶Ը
š
Ƶ˵ͷϸһת˸ָƿĴػָԭ״ҿľͷҲȥԭλá
ܽԼԺӻһָǳʲôҲҪѧҪǴһʲôܹǮ
ˮΣ𣿡
ᣬ嵹Ҳ᲻ȥǻصˮοڻһǿ򡣡
ƴ˴λܿɫƺ˲٣üĿҲ鶯࣬䣬Ȼʮֲ
ǰ⿪𣿡
ˡ
Ƽ̵ػӦƸˣûһܽĲȻ
⿪Ĺǹ˲ģܹܽΧйХؼ˵ĲУǺվڻȦ֮⣬һ˫˫۾޲ðԼҡ
ƷԸҪ۾ͷƤڷ飬ԼЩﲢöϵļ˾ʲôһ
һԼﶼš
ڰһֱڣһֱסذ
ԽԽ٣ȵϢҲԽԽܽ۵ʱ򣬱㿴ԼͰƵؿڷɳһź⣬ײһȻɢ
ȦĻϨˣֻͷŷ˻ȼգƵĻҫ˵ϣ˲繵ζ
һ˲䣬ѹԼͷͻȻûˣܽ࣬ƵʱǸʲôû˵ֻЦŵ˵ͷ
Ȼܽ˵رסƣĶԼԺԽˣ˺ˡʵϣ֪Լ䣬֪ԼԽ⿪ʱܽѾôˡ
֪ܽԼ˵Լ˿̵ĸˣͻȻˣΪһͱ˺ڰ⵼
Ȼ󡭡ܽҲ֪ԼôһġĽƺܽҲԱԼϲãֺץץѰƵĻŪˣҲε֧

סܽԼϵ֣һ΢΢ף˹ˮ⣺ࡣ
ǴŰƵܽϲڵİƣһֻװͰ͵СèͻȻһ˫ʪĴ۾㡣
˭ܶסܽס
ܽˣһ飬һֱӵļ⣬˵һԼ޵Լġ
ʵҲûҪʲô鲻ԽһЩ컵ķչˡ
ܽԼ֧룬ǰصƵϣǻȥɡ
ƿеķЩʧ䣬ɺܿͰɨɢˣΪڸղţܽԼûеֿġ
ǸԼʼģǹģ̽һ˵ܲܽԼϲ⡣
ܽ

ܽعŷڽô𣿡
ܽװԼղûʲôɬɬ飬װʮؿ˼ҲܽڴʱһЩֵĶǲˣ
е㣬е㡣
ܽеˣװ˸Ƿݼ֮׾򿴲ƿ
ҲеˣȥϢˡ
úãǿȥϢɣ
Ȼûн⿪䣬һףöȥϢ
ֻǵ뿪֮ŷӦղһֵ¡
Ϊ촽Щ΢ףĪʲô⿪ĸã


116 
ƴưҹɫܽƿۣȻڴ߲ˣҲΪɫжֻ֪ô԰ơ
ղżж鲻ԽܽʱȻһ˹һңܽԼƲסЩʲôܽԼӦЩʲôΪδȡأȰ˵жϲԼϲܽˡ
Ըκ˵ӰӣǰԼҲС
ưܽǸ˾ֱֱȥȻ֪Ĳڣֻ⣬
һ·Ѿ֪ĸҪȥˡ
˵£ܽȻ˿ͷô
˵ʱƻԡҡԳƣܽЩϰߣرϲĲϰߣϰˣһϲ
ٻһʱ䣬档
Ǵݣ£Ȼܽǽǣб䡣ͷˣƾһ㶼
˵ԼĵĶΪûƿȫֵʵơ
б䣬ǿΣ
ܽ߻ص£˫ַϣǰ㣬üĹīһ㣬סһɽӣҲסĲ
ְܽعĨϣ˵ﻹЩˣһġ
һ˵ġ
ɽʵĶǣУ˽ʤ㲻󡣡
Ҳŵģ
ܽ˰Ƶķǽǣ°ǷˣϾкιء
ƾһ֮θı״еĽɱУܲٿġ
˵ܽȻԼ̫ѹڰˡֻܣֻǿģֻܾܽҪʲôŤתǬ
ɰƵһ仰һ˵ʼ޵ģҲðζڰƼϣ̫֪ʲôζˡ
촷ۺᣬƮɢ˭ǲѹŰѹġ
Բ𡣡
ΪεǸ
ջָֻܽ±¶ȡ
Ҳþ־ܰ鶼
ܽԼ̫ˣɽҲ־˵Կ壬ôһһǰơ
һ֣ȰŷҸˡ
ܽգ˵ڹѾܷˣǹȥȦ֮С
֪
ƵЦһ۵͸ŽĹ⣬㣺˭˵Ҫȥſڣ
ܽ
֪־ôγɵô
ܽûشֻҡҡͷ
Ǿǲ£һ˻˭ʲôʱֵԼ
ƵĵЦܽЩȻһȺ˱һطȻ󲻶ϵػȥռ䱻һѹĿ־壬ֹ˾Ϣ
ҿ˸ͷ
ţ
ܽһʱԣԼֻź廥¼ɣѵ
Ǿ˳ƶ£ЩڹĳͻӾһЩ
ƼܽͷһһڴģʱʵƾԼһֱһЩС˼ǾܽԼһ統īһ
ƴӲ䣬īȷǿһЩҲʱīϾɣ䡣
īǲ֪ģ֪ܽ͵Լһ۵Сܰɡ
ұ˯ô
ܽû뵽һת䣬ЩתŰƵĳ˲Щִ١
ʵΪҪ˯
ƻԼʲôģֹǱ˯һתڵЩʲô
ˡ
˿ڣɳԼЩ֪롣ϲչִڵǰչ㣬ͬҪ
Ȼˡ
ܽǵؿŰƣʵô˵ģ
걻ȡѪҺ²ͨ巢˹ʬԼڣ±Թһˡ
ƼȻѾ˵ͷҲˣѳȥʬⲡʼ޷
̫ˡ
ܽĻˣ²ͬ˸ӲƾԼ츳˻񾳵ľ硣˸©ףΪԽǸߣ©ñԽ࣬Խࡣ
仰˵ܿԼԪ
ܽȻˣΪΰ˷ʱ£ΪԪһֱţұ˶졣
УⲻУȥ
ʲô취𣿡
С
ƴü죬ֵҲѾҩˡ
ң
ɶʱԼô֪
ǻ񣬳۷֮Ѫ֮ѪֻҪһŮ洹Ҿа취ˡ
Ů洹
Ϊ֪ܽŮ洹ΪҪ͵ʱȴܽɽȡһСӡ򿪺ȻһŽɫСӣɢ˵ζ
𣿡
ǣεõģ
û뵽һֱûŮ洹ȻܽõˣֱǴ֮ϲ
ǰ磬Ϊлġ
ܽҲþϲ֪⿪Ķһãû뵽ôá
ԭܰҩôǸ©ܶˡ
ֻɺ𣿡
ǿŮ洹šɺϡֿ֣ܽҪ׷һ𰸡
ԵְɣҼȻֻصߣôһΪʲô
ʱϵͳⶫͦ߿ƼͦѧôϵͳҲһѧ֡
ͼô˵ҲԼͦǲҪҸѧѧ
ܽȰ㻹ǲҪ
ͼʵҪ˵ĻϱӵִĽϵͳֻǸߣĻ˵ԵֶҲܸġ
ܽԽԽͷͷǵˡ
ͼ٣Ҿ˵ĻӦƭˡ
ܽȰ㻹ǲҪϾƭֻҡ
ͼҲŶ
ܽͼ˵ǲҩˣ
ܣûȥţҪ¯
ܽգƱ֣վͳ岻ˡ
޷ôˡ
У
ܽһʱ鼱˵ҲˣΪƻû뵽ȴЦãȥ
ܽŰǸ΢΢ЦݣȻͿˡټ֮󣬰Цñǰ˺ö࣬Ц飬ҪǣֻԼǰŻôЦ
Ҳһݶذɣ
ţһǡ
ҰҲȥ𣬸о廹֣ųǲȫ
ͬ⣬û
˵ָιܽģȻ֣һ
㡭ټ֮ܺ˵
֮ǰ˵
ЦˣֻεЦЩζֿܽ˰֮ǰߵЦ⡣
ˣǰЦǷģǴž棬ڡ
ǰ~˵
ܽҲˣ֪Ʋ˺ҲװΪ᲻ȶΪ⣬԰ݡ
ԼܽȷԼܲܰۿ֮Լǰӡ
ŹȥҲˡ
ΪޱȻںޣҲŲԼ
ֹȥܽʶӣһΰƱָԼĴϵġ
ָԼĴĦ̧ܽͷȥӭŰƴЦ˲ˡ
ܲ㣿
ƵѹЩĪԸУѯʣȴִŲݾܾ
˵ܲ㣬ʣܲռ㣿


117 
ܽҲ֪ԼôջģԼ˵ͷʱϯϵĹι͵㡣
ƵҲģΪĴģܽҲ֪ԼôԽԽȣÿһζȡԴؿڣٵ¸лһʴʱܽɷ羰룬ǲԼ˷˻
ܾ궼Ϊ
񡣡
ƵĴ΢΢ֿմܽ촽ȶȣڵϢȵģϢܽĴߣ
ơ
ţ
ǲʹʲô
ܽĴϣ֮ʱҲǲ࣬ǵᣬ˵ֻ㣬ֻ㡣
Ϻȡ
ܽʵΪΣ־̫棬˵أ˵ԼΪƵǶôķӦֻǷ
Բԣ
ʩ˷ܽһ˫ʪƣһܻӭһҲߵ
ҡ
ժɢ䣬һ˴ܽϣ滨ζ
ҡ
ظһΣһǿƣڶαǿ֮㵹㺣ۺֱյһǶʣ
ôһôһΪ֮ǿǰµ䡣
֮ܽ¡
ôߵһ֪ܽڰʱͻȻ뵽˰ɽʱ˵Ǿ仰
ࡣ
²ˡ
ܽȡưƷߵһԼķȻ̶סԼͷ
ô
ƿܽԺͷĽǶȣֻðССͷ

ȽϷ㡣
ܽȥڰƵĴߣŷԼЩǽţҲ˷ܣˮԭо
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ôᶮЩ
Լ˽ǧ꣬Ȼ֪ģȻһֱԼߣǰҲûлģô֪ģ
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ָܽζҲһעŰƵı飬ְ޷й֮ʱǽüͷģɽڹܲˡ
Ǹ뿴ʲôһСѰһЩ򣬻ѧϰһЩġ
ʱƵһϢӴ³̾ο
ҷֲҵļãҵķӦܴ󡣡
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סܽס˱˴˵ȻܽԺ󣬰ժղһֱסȥץͷΪ뿴ģ
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Ҫ䣬Ҫտôһɣһ׹֮У޷԰ΰɣܲʱô
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ȵ֮ܽ󣬰ƾ͸оܽɵԼߣӺůһЩ
š
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ţۡ
˵꣬ƻ̲סܽһۣһ۴⣬ܽһ§Ƶ֫ͷ񵽰ƵĻôۣ
Ժզ죿
⿪ҴȻ֡Ȼ۵ġ
Ҳ֪ʧ˻ǹ٩Լֻд£ôôƣʵ̫Сǿߵˡ
ܽûپ˵ȥֻǲŰƵļղŰø͵Լܽʱû
ղţҲܽһдĵζģʵڴ
ܲٽнҵ֣
ܽ΢΢̧ͷڱĿİƣ΢΢ۣ۽ǻһ˿δɵˮǸղűԼƳġ
С
ֱ۾ȻܽͷȥЩҪ󡣱ҲʲôҪ󣬿ɰƺܿԼղһƬʱ˵Щʲô㲻˵ˡ
Ҫӵġ

Ƶʵеƣ󣬾͸ƽճһЩҲԸһЩԡ
ô
ѯʵܽҪ̧ͷȴǱһ˻ȥҶ
Ȼص˵
á
ԺӦһ䣬Ȼܿ˯˹ȥ롭վһСǴĲʰɣҪЦˡ
գܽ˴ƴˮϴȥ򣬰ǻһ˵¸ҲӦѾδ㣬Ҳɡ
ȵܽѾã֧֮ܿ
Գˣ
תϸܽܽ˵ͷƱվˡܽע⵽˰ƵĲӣûκκۼԼ¹ۼġ
񾳵ǿ߾赼Ǻۼɢȥˡ
Ĳӡ
ܽҲ֪ô˵ڣǼµĺۼĨȥһ˲ΪԼǲ˳컲Ρ
ҲҪӵġ
ԼĲӣȻܽһۣһ㹻Ҳ㹻ܽȷ첢һΡ
˳ȥţ;ƻѳͷ˿ľתǸ
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ҲʣźݱˣԼȥѰˡƻˣһܽĵĪСˡ
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118 
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119 
ܽڴߣ͵ؿǰǺܺڣʮֺڣӦֹƵġ
ۣᣬԼҪȥһ£ֹ˵ٶһָо֮ΪԼΡ
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ǻþǻ԰ɣ˿Ȼ͸ѻһУһμţ
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ʱֻȥִ񣬶һõ˶ʯôԵ±Թǡ໣ۣ
ܽҪվȻɫʹ˻ȥȥһ¼ֱҪ̾˿ܿ˿ûпԸվĹߣȻִͷŵ֧
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̶ڰƵķŰ˵һ䣺Щ
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120 
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121 
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ЩСԼ˳ۣҪǿڳǿܻЩƷ಻õĹԼȻ˦ԼһģôˣܽͰҲǸм뿪ˡ
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ιܽһ²ԣܾһԽŵڽУҪһȥⲻʡ
ưϰ壬ȻתܽһΪһߣϲˡ
ܽ
һ㶼˹ͷ̵ġ
ܽ
˱˵ˣѾˡ
ŷҹܵõʲôô
ܽסĲȥܲʲôôûõȥɣ
һܹͨȥǿ˵
˵ܽϽüͷƺѾᵽŷҵײʲôıֻǺúõ˲޹֮󣬻ҪԼ˲ģΪ˵õЩ˲Ĳɣ
ԣҴ֪Ϊλˡ
ܽҲˣû뵽ǳ׷ˣԼΪ£ΪĿǰơ
Ƕ񾳵˰֮ͨ
ʱϰѾ˹Ѱõӵݸ˰ƣǮ˱뿪ˡ
ܽ۰Ƶ֣սɽЩƣ֮ǰҲϲʲôġ
ΪҪ𣿡
ǡ
ָܽĦĦֱһЩԼ̫ԶҲſý˵Ļ
СٶĪܽйСããϣиܻץסԼԼ̫ԶԼа֮
ǹԸĻЧ
ԭΪԸ塣
Ҿ˵ƲôΣôͻȻϴϴ򡭡
ϴΪ˸ҵǸ𣿡
ǸϣѿڶΪԼīŻԼߣڶ͸Լ
Ҳɺ˵㡣
û˵ֻŤͷ·ߵ̯ӣתԼעشܽ
ܽˣֻЦЦ̲סԼͷϵҲû׷ȥ
֪ɱҪӵġ
ʱŷҵĵڰƸѲߵӣȥˣ
ʲô˵˲׼ȥ𣿡
ΪǸˣǰϢܡ
粻֣ôʱ֣
ЦЩл˳ӵġ
ҲǼˣǿ̫ˡ
ܽ΢΢̧̧ͷɫЩ⣬·˵ǱԼ˺þúþõ̡
Ǹ֧Ԯģϣ˹ȥŷǣ˵˼Ҵˡ
ƣҧô
ǳЦȻܽ¥ķߣܸߣʮ¥ߣţܿĺɽˮǸĺȥ
ǵǸԶΪǿһϷһӢŵĺϷ
ǮҪߵģųŷϷ˺һЩʳܽŴ߿⡣кüŷҵĵȥƺææҪѲӰŷǵĽŲ
ƵڴߣѪɫȹźɫĴأֱĵشڴϣָôţʱ䡣
ܽҲŰöصĶһһ£ֽŵĸо
ŵĸڰеŷǣԼƵĽĶĪٿƣϸ΢΢ת⣬һĨ޵΢ЦŪһȻ顣
һ仰û˵ĬذערעϡܽҲŴ⣬ȻһģǰƵָֹͣöûƵöŸžӿ
Ƶ˫ɻҰɫһ˲ˡ
ŤԼϸĴָָһشһָવһűһ
ܽٿؿ⣬ԶһԲηɫĹâȻһ壬һֱ﷽Բĵضճ˻ҽֱУܽһһģĶЩ
ƵΪָˣҸ˲ֹһǰ㡣
ڵ˾ļ⿪ˣͷޱͷˡ
ƣĺǿ


122 
Żϣһ˲ͰƬճɽǿᣬ˭˲˵һüһ
֮⣬һֱɫСԽԽҲܿǹɫ
˷ɵúܿ죬һ˴ߣȻվڴϣźɫԴ֨֨ؽȻܽ˻ӳҪһһ
ԡ
ܽľٶʵؽվܽļϣسš
ܽˣȻʵǶô
ǡǡôΧĻ󲻿ֻһˡ
ˡ
ƶ˵һֽŵŷøϽȥһˣһҶ̲ˡ
ܽ
ƹȻʲôʱ򶼺óƽ˵µĻ
Ȼܿŷҵע⣬̵ʱ䣬һȺһȺǱսĵطȥƻ̫󣬻ľϣ类ʯײɽ
ʯײ䣬Ҳȷܷϸղܽʱоҵġ
ŷҵ˻𣿡
ܽȻЩˣϾŷҵĵ̣ŷҷѣƻҪ˼ԼĻ᲻鷳
ᣬһΪǿ
߰ɡ
վһڻľϵĸ㣬ҧһڣüͷַˡ
ȻζԼθڡ
ȥĶ
ŷҡ
ܽһֱǸ飬ظ֡
ˣ׼ȷ˵ǶԸЧ
ܽ˰Ƶؽͺ󣬸ӺЩʲôˣҲ񣬵׶ʲôЧ
ŷҼ˶ȥ˳⣬ƺܽƵŷߣɫҴҵŷҵ׵ǿҵĶԱȣҵĻˮ
ŷӸŶˣתۼ䣬ʧȺУŵЩ˵ȥңͷӬһмҴܡ
ڰƺܽŷǰ𣬸ûʵŷɽׯڼеŷӵȻϮɫɫˣ׼ȥʱȴ̧֣һɽɳ
ڿƼ䣬ָֻ΢΢££˵Ƭ˼״ΪҪϮϰڳļƣ׼ӭս
ȻЩƬȾϷ˻⣬ֱֱɽׯԺһƫԶԺӷȥٶ֮˴ֲЩ˷ӦѾʲôˡ
䡪
סķ˻Ժ䣬ݶˣʹļк쳹ء
˺ô󣿡
󣬵ֳԭΡ
ܽĬĬغڰƵ󣬶ְҲʶ΢΢̧֣һ赲ƣ˻
Σ㡣
ʱܽȻʱô˵ôһ䣬ʱΪֻͨһŵڲʶԭֲźһֱںԼûǸʱվīߣԼǰʧ
̲ܽסץסƵ֣£һ𡣡
һ𣬲һߣҲһת
ƴ½𣬻ͷܽʱ۵һ˿⣬ָ£˽ܽģҪת
Ҫǰתˡ
䡪
һȻխķӣŤŻ׳һ¶ɭɭɺӡɫǰ׵ģȴźɫͻɫ·Ϲɵػƣֲɵص׺ſհ֮
۾ԲԲģɺɫȴкɫ۾ΧĪӪһСβһɨǺüԺӵǽɨһɢȥĳҡ
̣ĸͷȵʱﻹһͷɣ
̫ˣ
ϻմŻ⣬ŪܣּһһŤƵһǽ
ԣȻ֮ǰְܽƵӰΰ󣬴ʱװƿƣǵصơ
ŷҳ⶯ȻȥͨҲ⣬ֻȥ죬ֻŷҵԺֳԭͣԲʿϹʱŷֻʲôǣ
ƺϲӣϲֺʹģ
ơ
촫ƣ³ӣߵȳζ
겻ΪнģθȻ
΢΢µķ棬ʮʬڵϣЩ壬ЩѾȱ첲ȱȵģҲ̶á
ܽͲõͷȥأһ̲סŻΪ˰Ƶ룬ɫѾһƬʮѿ
ſЦЦڿУߵע⡣ܽ½ߣŷҵˣ֪кϷɿˡ
ôŷҵԺӣ
ڳˣ
ŷˣ
˵ţܽпϤף塢
ôҲˣĪɻԸģ
ŷҵҲϵˣһǰһӵںŷ޺ŷҲСǸ¶ɫ˵ɻĿ⣬ǲû˿˵
Ҳû뵽ᷢչˣ֪ν͡
ƣֶһؿ׼
˶˻Ļڱ䣬ֻҲŴƬˡ
ΣŷǲǺдţ㶼Ըˣ
ЦЦⲻ۵ףŨɱ⣬ǶģҲǶŷ˵ġ
ǰҽ󣬿Ĳ󰡣ôţԸ㣬Ҫ븹Űҷϱƣ嶼ϲ㣬ָΣ
Ҳŭƺ֪£嶼ϲ֪վɽĶˣеĳմѪ˶עıӰжٸԸĺܵģ
ھС
ʱܽӰס֣ᶨص£һţ
ܽЩȻẦ£һ˿īʱĿ־塣
ī
ɻؿܽͷȷʲôī
ƶ
ΣΣ
ܽŤͷ˿һԲŷˣŭƲҪЩս

׺ʣһ󣬾˸оǿѹȸУѹȸоȻֻһ𵤺ڵʿ
ŤͷܽôĻʵټ
ȻˣҲƣ˵ô
˵꣬ŷ˺Χ˽ѪɫΧڽΧƣѹȸеɫɱС
ƣҾ͸սһսҿǵ˶٣
ָһĽŷҵ÷ȥһʱ¡¡紵ϣ㲻Ҳܸоµɱ⡣
˳̶ȵĶ˶岻ֻ֣ܿţҲֻܸ̾Żǿߵ˵Ļء
Щͣ㱻Ƶڵأķδƣֵ˺һЩ¶ɫ
ܽ
Ťͷܽתתʮָһ˲䣬ܽĪľãǾ֮жű˴˵ᣬ׳Ļ
Ұɡ


123 
ԲεĺɫڰгըŷչҲŷڵͷ
󽫣ȻҲûôױɱֻˣֳԭκʵȻûӴѾǧٿˡ
Ҳ֪ѾûãŷǲʱŷѾһУ׼ˮһսѰɱ
˭Ѱɱˣŷҵһжģ
仰ŷƲûָǷֻŷҵӵܵõŵЩɢ˱ȥҲһ
ʿŰƷԿŷҺʿȥ˴һš£ǽµŷɽׯ˷棬̾˻ʳǻӵע⡣
ȻߵսܹģֻܸɿţɢΧİա
ŷƳ嵽ǰܽ׺ذ£Զ
ŷƿܽһۣΪòȣϾˣҲھ̫áʲôݣǲīŷֻֻ֪н𵤺ڵΪȻǲµġ
Ҳٶ໰ΧֺüɫĿռ䣬һ߾Ƥʬ߳дһڵʮҲڰƵߡ
˽Ծ¹ΪǳͿ־ζߵ֮ǲʡ
ľƤʬŷƣдڵΪҲһʱѲ
ô
ʮļϣָãЦɱйô
ǲԸñ˲˹ģ
䡪
ܽתȥǴӰƵǻȥʮҲͬʱλס˼ٷɹĺˡǺ˵Ľűǻգƺ޸޾оʹ

˵ĳʮذ׵һһǿ紵˺˵Ķ¶ò
ۣˣ
ܽҲû뵽ڱϳ˺Щɫ룬԰۾Ҳɺɫ˵ҲΪ
䡪
ʮѺˣʱƮƮؿΣõӦþøôΪһ˵ģ
ƾʮЦų΢΢֮ʣһеıģȻѡǾ͸óĻ
ʵڲϲЩ롣
԰գʮֻҰһȥȥǿʬܴצʬӭСȻϴα֮һֱûָܻͨǿҲδȫƿκζٶֱŤ
˻
ܽ˻һֻΪʮצݺݵعιա뱻ߣɫѪҺѪҺڣʬȻѾڡ
ֻǣ޸޾֪ԼѪ֪Լڱȼգһ˫ɫɶŰơˮһŵǱˣʧȥжȶȣȴƽǻķŭ
ǵģŭĵɫֻзŭֻʣ·ŭ
󶼲֪ʹ𣿡
ܽסԼǵҪ䵽Լϣ϶ᷢ衣
ǲдƷ
ƻͷһ۽ڽڰ˵ŷˣЦһնûУЩŷ˱Ҳˡ
дƷͲʹ𣿡
ǲʹƤѾˣû֪ˣãƾͻһ֪޸еĹˡ
˻
ҲΪǲдƷֽŸӣʮδܹù
ô
ܽܽƺ˰ʵʲôԼҧҧãԡ
ܲһֱڰҪǿҪսֻ˵˵Ĺ
ܽӦºŲ׺͹˹ȥ˵ĶȷЩȻΪߣɳ˳ٶ۵Ŀܿͱܽû˺ۡ
һΣܽڲ׺ϸǻ𣬺ÿ˿ڶȼ㲻֪ʹҲʶԡ
ƣɱġ
Цһһˣֻܼе˵ĵܹԼ
ҼһΡ
ֱ˿ǻ֮Ѫⱻɣֱֻ۵䣬䵽Ƿ˲۵Ĳ֫
ļ
˵һһ䣬϶ģ֮˵˵ˣٶ۵ֺֹǶΪ˵бܡ
벻룬Ҳ벻
ʱڳõս˸һܽЩǿҺôһ˵ֻƣҲ㹻˿ֻš
ô
ȴ⣬Ŀ䵽ĲϣǻѾմĲӡһ̣ͷ­ش£ͷ­˷֮ϣҲŵ䣬ˤŤΡ
Ƥʬͽڹ󣬼ԼʼƵǣԼʧȥֿ֮ǰŰſѪ죬ϺɫĶҺ
ճĶҺŰƷȥڰƸǰ˶ҺۣһһӲҵĲҽ
ƵǲҲæǰһ͸ķǽؾͰѶҺˡ
Ҳˣ
󽫣ҲûôܽͻȻ;Լֿˡ
ΪˣֳԭΣܶʹ׶ԸټʵҲĩβģҲǰ䡣
ƣλ˻ɱˣһɱˣ
䡪
һĽֱӴ̴ͷ޴¡¡ص£һɵ̳
ʱ˶ֿͣһĻЩ̰ɢӶݣŷҲֿһƷڵƵķ䡣
ֻͷŷƵ۾Ȼ΢΢ǸСȷǱɱġ
˵꣬ƷһЦµĳŷ˫ͨ죬žһ仰˵
һ죬ŷҵ˱ȫɱŷұһɶһѪ֮ʵ۶ܲɽĵ⽣Ӱ
ŷɽׯҲ˲˷棬ŷҵĲƲƷֳķݣһݸţһݸڳаæˣһݸңһݸǵĻʵۡ
ڳڶٻ˲ٽҲһЩˣЩ⳥
ƵûԼʯҪŷҵһϣһƿѪȵʱһƿӲ
ȻⶫܽΪģ֮Ѫ԰˵ûʲôˡ
ŷ󣬰ƵȻʮֲ˵ȥһŻȥţϼƻǸϲϱ仯ġ
գջͷһַ磬һЩҶɹ⣬콥һֻϣסҫŴص⡣
ɫһ䣬еĸ㣬Ųܵ߿ȥͷڵҹɫ٣ǷҲⲻʲôԤסܽͰУܳ⣬ɵݶ֮ϣԶһƬϵƲ㡣
ƲתγһУϵ˸Ʋ֮ϣƿһкĻѡ̣һƵķ¶СβͣƲԽԽγŵ档
ϵڴʱצһŵѪζܽᵽ˲
ʮֲ
С
΢΢ɫأںеĴָص˵࣬ˡ
ڿðͷˡ


124 
г֣˽Ĵ¡һ̸۰ƺŷҵ£ŷ°ٿΪб
˶ϣվ˵ֿĽȻƺûʲô
ʱ˽еЩ֣Щ֯ʱľӣ˼䣬ŸɵȥѹҶʮæµ
ܽҲûţһȥɨˣһЩ飬ҲһЩʯĺܳԣǳܳԣԼʯΪݶټ٣Ϊˣֻܻܽȥ׬Ǯˡ
ѾǧŰٵֵŻȯҧҧһǧֵʣŵˣǻҹ˿ϣܶһΪŵҲǳԻԼûܽӵڣ׬˲ʯ
ңУҲȫջɨ岿ʱҵķ졣ķ콻мϰϢأŮȳ
Ϊ嶯ɻȥ֤;
ܽΪķ£ͻƵļ˵ԼҪͻº󣬱ϻȥţΪϣԼͻƵʱ򣬰ߡ
˵ˣ˵ҪҸΪԼ˭ܹȰƸأ
Ǵģܽһ糾͵ģϵĺֱ˺üЩۡ
ջķᡣ
ܽͷһ϶϶ܽӵĶֵܶõġ
ţҪͻˡ
Ҹ㻤
Ȼ֪ܽҪͻˣܽʱѾоǿŽ𵤵Ĵ
ǿźɫĵѷ죬ƿһС
Һ㡣
ܽԼҪͻƣӦҪ׼Щʲô·˺ööĻ˿̻һ䡮Һ㡯Ȼ˰Ƶϡ
ȥʱ򣬲û֪ĻƼʱͻúˡҲԼһֱڰߣͻ᲻ԾԼͽˡ
񽮽ⲢûʲôвĿ־磬Ҷ֪ʲôʱˡ˵ģʱ޷ֹͣȥ£ȥģȥǣŻµĿ־塣
ȴôĽ
ܽҲ£֪Լܼԭ̤ȥˣҲûֹʵʱƱֵø᲻һЩġ
ܽڰƵĻȵ£̲סһЩЩצԼϮʱƣЩι״ıҪȡԼʱƣڻʤʱҲơ
ơԼԵʮֻԾϵƶԼǰ
ɵصԺӣܽԼеľ˴δƣڰƵĻ
һ䡮ջķᡯ˵ᣬ񲢷˵ջķᣬ˵ˡ
ӵ࣬մֵѪȣȹһеһж䵽ʵ
ж밡
Цⶺһˣ뿴˵˵ڵӡȻ͹˶Լ˼ﶥʱķ󷴵ԼЩӦˡ
˫ȶ
ܽѿڶģϵ˫ȷƵʱϣѰһ˿֧šҲƵʱɫвѰĳ죬ڼžֻܽɣһƽŲ˷
ܽң
ƿܽȻ°ͣĴָ䵽ܽشϣһĦ
ͻˣ
Ƹо鷢չȥ¾ͻϺͻƵʱˣǿ۽Ƿ죬Ⱦ֬ģĶѡ
Ǿ͡ȵͻưɡ
ԣܽʱ䣬ԵʱˣžԺӣɳɳ֮£̰һ봭ϢĻᡣ
ҪҲҪơ
ƽץסµĴ죬ֹסĲ۽ˮϫһĿ޷˼ܽ῿ڰƵϣŰƵļƺڰο˰һǸرŮˡ
ֻԻ͹ܽ㱻ѹסһͬޱߵ֮С
鶯֮ʱ̲ܽסҧסƵļȴ᲻ֻһǳӡǸƺŹһָ˳ǼµĸܣôմȾڷĿС
ǰưѴͱŪɾģܽ㲻̫ۣҲ̫ȥһĻ̫߳ˣĿ϶Ȱƻ࣡
ѹûЩ֮󣬾ԼߣԼ§ס
Ϣ͸øˡ
ô
˷˫޺Ч
ܽ
ѹԼжƣý𵤴ůůģԭղԼʱܶĸоǼٵġ
һкö㡣
ʲô
ѪֹܴͻƵĳɹʣܹһͻƵԪӤڡ
ôţ
ǿҾȻſҵľ籾ģ
ͼϾǰīɣ̻ڵġ
ܽܲһԾΪǿߣ
ͼҼһǲξ֮С
ܽ
ϵͳԽԽˡ
´˺һ˲ɽһƬյ׼ܽͻơ
¡
ĴָʳָסһźɫĵҩҩοɫĹâȴֲֺΣյģ͵ģ˿̰ϵĺ졣
ưѵҩιܽߣܽڳ£ẬƵָ˵һ֪ܽǣƲеĵҩˣסˡ
ˣҲϣǡ
ҩûζһоƼ滨棬Ϊ滨
ܽǵһγԵҩ֣͸Լ٣ֻЩҩкصҩζʱصô̱ǡ
˵ļԽߣҩζԽᣬڸѪ嵭ûʲôζǲǾ˵ƵѾǷ켫ˣ
Ѫ󣬰ܽ䣬ܽ˶׼ͻˡ
̧ͷգֻܽǸո붨ͷƱ㿪ʼĪ
ԼǷݺʤģ֪Լī˭ǿһЩЩЦʵʲôģֲóҲһαȥ
գڵɽ֮һֱ˸׵磬ڵ죬ʮŵף˰ʱҶΪˡ
ڰʱɢȥָһƬûҲûѣ⶯ȴ˵ĺ档
⵽ǰͻˣܽͻˣ
ȻΪǺߣϾּģûиžŰʮһףƺԲΪ
ƫԶɽһźɫŮ˿Զɢͷ̾һ
ƺǻʲô鷳¡
ˣѵôɳô
һԳһ˫ë׶Ů˶ɫŮ˵ɫǲ⡣
Ů˲˵תɽȥص֮С
ˣʱѾ
Сˡ
Ůͣ½Ų̧֮ʱ¶˰òһ뱻ڸڶ֮Уһתˡ
ԼĴ㣬ǲ๡
ŮżǰߣСؿͰ͵ģдίΪԼίί
ѵѾҪıô


125 
ܽͻˣһһͻƵԪӤڣͻ֮Ӷģڴ˯ʮ
ͼ˵ľԼͻƵ̫죬ڸϣŻ顣ʮڣǻúõشԼ磬˹̵ãѾúܶˡ
֮ܽ˺ͼȥҺ弯ϣ׼һĲ䣬ٵֵ
ʱ䣬ܽ˲ֵƷƷͼƷɰôҲֻʣһǧֵˣǵøϽЩˡ
뿪֮ǰܽظƲһŵøպСȥɽ˳ȥҽԺӡ
ܽڰѹϣ಻ϵң˫ֽڰƵ֫ϲԸſϵһƬƬ䣬䵽ǵϣѹסĳ
ĿܽϦȥʧʡ
ͷ̾̾Ȼ
СһﶼôŬˣٲץĻǿ»Сһġ
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һ·ϣеģҲû͸ɱֻѲһֱһصĽ䷢˲ͷ
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ô
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һЦһжԼ֮УΪܹԶ߸߷ɵʵͱεУվѲ˵ġ
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ˡ
ƺܽۼģҪһĿ
⼴ɽǿĶ֣Ҳпһǵصѡ
ƵϢ޷ӣΪ˰ƶô
սô


126 
ˡ
ǵصӹǧĳ߽Уյɫ˺ü֡

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Ϊҹ֮صɫܽЩ˵òֻϡŮ˺ˣΪ׵ŮˣŮˡ
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Ϊ׵Ů˴һɫ·ںﵹһЩڣ͵İγһԵѹȸС߽һЩ˷׷׿ƣƴʱɫҲʮѿеɱҹ֮صĺڸ˾ѹȸС
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Ůžк̬ۺһ𣬳ɾһżԵǴ̵õ塣ǲû̫վڱ˴˶ܿ˴ϱľ룬úƺõһ
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ܽˣڹײʲôôһ;ġ
صĹײģȻǹʬԼ

ܽоԼƤˣԼǸʲô
ڵʬ͵ԼʬȻĻһЩ֮˳ɡ
ܽ˵ˣʵ̫ˣֹˣԼֱǺ˺ðɣ
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Ѱζ


127 
Ӱûƶһºܿʹɽ磬ԼһҲˡ
ƱͲôԼͷЩʲô޹أյǸζԸӰ°ӰгΪԼĹѾû˺˹ŵƣжٰտɱ˰Ӱأ
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ĬĬ㡣


128 
ˮôͷҷ׷׵ģˮȴƽԴ
һΣɻ˽ȥߵڶˣܽҲŶݼ׵ҲûﲻԾġ˵ģˮ϶ǻ壬һɱ˵󷨣ߴˣǻġ
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129 
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130 
ڿռܽ˵һó̡ȻͷԼ֮˿֮ԻһҪʮ꣬ܽһΪԼŲȥ
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131 
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132 
ƴӴѹʱ룬Ӧôɵģ뵽ҲѾ˽ǧ꣬ΪβԷɷأ
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»ʱ䣬еӲΣɷûˣҲҺûˡ
һѹµʱֻŵĿ־壬һ̤϶ɷţû
һ̤ûܽߵ룬ӵûж
ɶ˼˪ĿβѾŵһԱˣ
ܽеűߣĴӣС˵һ䣺ι˪㡣
û
ɣ겻ְأȻ˰ɣ
˪
ڴʱнŲŵܽϼ׺Ϯȥٺܿ죬ĴһӿŮӿͷȻһܽ
ǸӦ
ܽϰѲ׺˻ԼѾд˺ڵΪˣͨӱԼôһ㣬Ѿ͸ˡ
ѹְһ㶼һȡܸо֮ǰԼжˡ
㲻ŮӿڣܽҲѾ֪˪ĿβˣΪ֪ϢһϢͻƵ˾ܽԼĸ֪ʮ񣬺ÿ˾һ·ܰϳ
ǰŮһ׵ĳۣɫͼ統ߣò䣬Ⱦһĺ˪һúܰףһ˫һȴڰ׷ҹǳǸε͸ʯΪС
Цܽһ۾ͿˣǵһֻԼʱЦˡ
ʲô
ܽ÷˪ʵú˵ǡ񡯣˵֪Լԭݡ
ܽ
ܽԱźʣ㵱ΪζЦ
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˪üƺЩ
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ܽ
˭˭˵׼أۣ
˪һζδЦ˵仰Σ
ƸһҴ㡣

˪ն˵˺΢΢ӣʵд󶯾˰ɣ
ǣʲô
ܽˣЩô˰ԵԼܱӣ
Ҫҵ˵ͣýһԸ塣
˪ߵűߣģûʲôθУ߾ߣֻҵĻһ
ǡû취ܰ
ܽ̽ԵʣȻģ˵˪Щ취ġ
˪ɽȡһܽϣ˵Ҫǲûа취ˡ
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˪ĬŤͷܽīɫĳְϸĲӣ˺öࡣ
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ļǿƣ˪ƺǿ˵ġ
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û˵ֱܽȥ˺˪ˣ˼Ȼͼ贩һɫѣ̤欵Ĳˡ
촵ʲô簡Ȼ˪ҡ
վһСֻ֣˰֣ȥ뿪ˡ
ôʲôҪ𣿡
˵꣬ɫͻȻ˱䣬Ȼʵôʹ˺ˣôܣ
ʱûʲôΪѾ˺þúþˣԼֿܽҲµʱ䣬ô˴ӽһԾΪ˺ڣ
ǵīҲðɣ
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漣
ܽʱؾ˽裬׹ҲǻֱĴڣٵعһ˵Ϊ
Ϊһ¡
ܽóǺδ˵ʲôתܡ
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133 
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ܽôƢŵ֨ˡ˫΢΢𣬲УҲܣȷſҡ
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ܽһץס죬һץסļһɫ·ȷܽץңý迴ʮǱ
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ΪҪң
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ûҲˣ֪ҸҲ᲻һеظһġ
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񣬵Һ˫ϻǷԵģҲǶܺģС˪һ񣬿ָ߽࣬һǰΪһС
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ǰɣֻֿܷȴܸоΪĿ֡
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ܽãõֻֽճδ̫ϧȻõĽֲ࣬ŬȥĻҲԸΪ֮ŬŬ
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㲻룬ΪκĻðͷѪʬȡͷѪжΣգѵͲȥô
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134 
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һ춼ȥĶˣ
ȻùʳУȻ򿪣ͷ̵ζƮ˵Ҳ˲١
ܽԼ׬Ǯһ˰ƣһЦƺ˵ܽ׬ǮˡɵܽѽӰ¸߰ʱƵɫˣܽʱоΧƣݶ

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ʱƳԸĶ˶٣Цһֻϸ׵ָܽգҲ
ߣһֱȥҪġ
ܽɼǵñĸоʵԴˬУɲٶྭˡ
вûˣɺȴðѡ˰ӰΪһҪڵɲš
ֽҪһСӸ㣬ˬڣϲ
ǴˣûҪԼִԼֶΰԼλãûô
ȻӰȷǺǿĶ֣Щ꣬Ǻϸȥı׼ȥԼҲδػȰӰϧˣʧͷѪͬʧΪ˶Ը⡣
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ӰŤϸһԵĺģģ֮˵ΪҪң
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ʱ򣬺ˣ˵ԼԸ׳ͷѪʬΪԼò˶ñӦˡ
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Ϊλ֪ʬİ취
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Ӱ˺ֻЦЦ֪ĵһ磬ֻû뵽ҹԼסʱΪβҪ뿪أ׼ǵʲôطܱȴڰ׼Ҹܵô
˵һ£ǾǰѰ׼ˡ
㻹һδҡ
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˵£ΪӰָ㽭ɽΪ˵Ƶеİ취Ψ˵һ֡
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135 
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Ůеĳ⣬ƮĻʱɢɫ伫Ĺʡ
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Ů̾˿ԶˣȻͷĸŮ˼սƵ뱻룬ôͶԶԶġ
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ǲǶô
Ů˵꣬㱻ĸס죬ֻĸ׾ʧصʦԲסˣС˵ִ֪磬ҺӲ֣Ĳǡ
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ƣҡҡͷ
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136 
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ڰķܽеָ˽ĿⲻԾ䵽ѺȿյľƱ
ɫ˰ף˰Ƶİʾֻʲô򷴿ֶ˵õġ
ǰǰŹô
ŷȫ䣬һɶŷҵϵûϵϵӵȻѣҲҹԭס㵽Զȥˡ
ټҲһձˣӹѣ
ͦıֵģΪһçˡ
ЦȻԼһƣǳһڣϾɱȷǱ磬Ҳ˵öԣɽ֮ʱϾɱֻø㡣
ǰ˼ǡ
Ѿ˱ĵˣ۵ϣƵҲ˼С
ҪӵںֽһȺµ壬ñһġ
ãʹش
վŰҾֵ߰ɡ
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뿪
뿪ܽʣ治ǵꣿ
£ںԽʯ
ܽģΪɱ˵ģȻһᡣ
Ҳܽɻ󣬰Ʊ͵ӰҲɽ粻ֶߣţ»δַ壬Щ˾ͻַҡ
Ϊʲô¡
ǰʲô£Ҫҵôұ㻹֮УҶ
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ô
˵꣬ܽԼһЦ˳Ȼᵯ˵Ķͷһۡ
Ҫ㣬ҲδˣЩǵδ
ǵδܽȻԴӰƳһ֮ԽԽ˵ˣֻһССϸڣܴԼһ顣
ԣǻδ
ܽǣŰƵֵ֣ŵǽ𣿡
ǽˣʲô
ȥؼׯַ
ܽȻָǼ仹Ǻ顣Ȼؼׯ¶˵ʼһ̣ȻѾ⿪ʼǽⲻġ
ԼΰҪΪԼؼ˸ôȴԼһͬȥ˵Թأôأ
ȷô
ȷ
Ƶȥһؼׯַī䵱죬ȥؼׯȷԼĲ롣ؼīʩչ֮ʱȥģһ״Ŀѣ˿ֱͦǿҵĳ鴤γơ
һڼн䣬ѮˣӤûһĿûһϢ
Ǳ۵ˣҲƶΪī
˵裬ǵȷīȽϷ衣
ܽͰڵؼׯַѳһƬ棬ɽˮɣĿȫǡ
ܽǵãʱīҲվλãһͬؼׯʱؼׯˮǸԴ˷棬һЩС֮ذ˼ңܽͿһңҲȫûлϢ
Ѿȥ˺ö꣬һжˮʱĨȥĺۼѾɰ߲⼣
ܽɵͷһ𣬿˳Լ䵽˵ϣЩѸľͷ
꣬ǵʬ˭ʰģ
֪̼ܽȥҲ֪˭ǣȻᣬϾһʬ
ҡ
Ӧһ䣬
ƴܽһƬ棬ڼ仹ȵһЩ΢óӵƷһЩưưЩƺڸܽؼȷȷʵʵ
һƬ棬ɽһĹڴ˴Ĺ֮¾˶ؼˣ㲻ö֪ˡ
һˡʰ𣿡
ܽǰĹȴȥҲ֪Щ˽ʲô֣ȷȷʵʵΪԼķ֮ٶȥ
ţҲ˰ʱ䡣
Ȼܵ飬ʱҪȥظˡ
ܽ̾˿˵˾ллллΪԼ˵£ҲллЩ޹֮˰Ϣ֮
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ܽǰ˺þãƻصƬ濴˺ü۲뿪׼ȥţû뵽;ϤףҪȥһЩˣû뵽·ܽͰơ
ȣôһ𣿡
ܽû뵽˻һͬж֮ǰֱ֮ʱ˵ׯĪһֱ
ңǡ
֧֧ỹδ˵ʲô˻ҪѰ顣
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ڼһֱׯæ磬ѾƸΪҵĿ䳤ˡ
˵ܽΪôһӾͳɴˣ
ֱ˼ȣκһ¶𾪣û뵽˵ΪһôãҲ鸡ɼǿԼһġ
ܽ˼ȣлٲ˰ƸԼ鵤ҩ˵˾ǿ˹ңһ·Ȼ˼һ·ͨ·Լһ·Ϊͨս
˶϶˵˺һЩܽҲǰѼȺ˵Ļˡ˵һЩСǲ׾һС
ʲôʱʼģʲôʱ򿴶۵ģԼô֪
ŷֵܽͷһ۶ˣЩȷʰƣп֮Ļ𣿡
²𣿡
Ʒܽܽô⣬ɿϾȵı飬ƺ˹㲻֪֮£
ʲô£
ôƶ֪Լȴ֪ԼǲǴʲô
Ϊ鶾ν⣿
˻һܽͻȻԼڴƵⲽöδȹѵʱ򡭡ȥ鶾

ڽƵȴڽ鶾
ܽ任˺üֱ飬̲סЦȻܽСʱʱֲˡ
ܽҲܹԼʱʱԼĶҪӿƣͱƷȥһ񣬻ôע֮һֵġ
ԣǺֵģ缾ȼԼȥ緿磬ԼӺл٣ԭǲԼȥĹ뷿
ǣ֣ܽɽ֮䣬ԶСºʱֹһܽϣһֹ̾
˵廹жûṥ
ܽϣʱⲻǰӰȴԸ
ǾҪ˽ʲôʱˡ
˵˽ȷѣ
ܽЩǣƼȻ֪Ϊֲֹأ
ģһʬɡ
ѻ͸ٹʬɺüΪĵӣʬϹǵľٶѰ
ֹô
˳ƶϣǺһ򾡡
ܽգЦôİ
ȻС
ƽ˽̧֣ܽͷɫĲ񷣬΢ִһ˿׷ϾҲսˣô
Ťͷܽбӳ
ɫʡ


137 
ԣʬɷѣڸҪͳʬңͬʱѹ
һ֧ըɢǿϢԻȪһձѾȪĳ򣬰µʬɵӽɱ
ΪʬɻǳԾͷȻɽȴȻӦεɧңԤϵһһʬɵĵӽɱڽ¡
ѹߵķ߱ˣ类ƣսĻɰӰʼղӰ
Ȼƣ˫˲أĬһ㣬˫ǿ֮˳֮ǰǶ
ȵĿǻȪ
ɻºܿʹ˳Ϊûɻ򣬱֮ȻǲŴȪĵһ죬㱻һоش޻֮սˣ޷Խ׳ذ벽
ʱ֪ԭķѱѱͳͻƳػȪأ弴ȥҲͻƣ˹򣬻ȪķҲסˡ
ĿһսȪս֮ʱüͷ鱨Ĵ̰ȴ겻ѣʣ뵽Բ𣿡
ռȪѺˮϰЩػ߾ͻæϡȪƣʬֽڽڰˣǵʮ㣬˾ֲƣԹᡣ
û˵ֻǰһŻɫţƤֽŵһԣ̰Ǹˣ˵
˷ſУȥ˵
Уȥ죡
̰ǵӼ̲úƵģǵһݹʱ̰ԭɫͷһ
ʧʦˡ
վƵߵ̰ǵĸǰԽǼԽѳɴ£뱻ѹһͷǾͱֵóһЩ
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̰ǵ˵ͷȻĿͺ뿪ѹȸвȻɢȥ
ǺһʩеֶΣϵƺ⣬̰ǺͻɣµսʿȴҲǶ֣Ϊһǿ
ҲԲźÿơ
ӰķѰڿ飬̧ۿ˿ģ˵մɫͦÿ
һ䲻ս£úĲ²͸ʲô
̡
Ӱ˺ֻЦЦЦû¶ȣղ̧һ˲¶Ȳ֪Ϊ˲ȴλң˵
һͣװӰ˼Ϊ˴֣ҲòԼԭ򣺡Ӱ̡
°Ӱˣʾʵ£
֮ǰ˵ļƻִˡ
ĸأ
ļ򡣡
Ӱգ˵ͷ׼õļƿ˺ģȥС
Ľ˽еĴƿ۵һ˿ӵɫŰѴƿɽ֮СӰȴز׽˺еɫʵ壬֮ô
û˵ҪվӰȴס˺ĵֱ̧ۿ۵ȻָһƬ侲Գ֣֮սʹССսۣʶ˵̫ݳˡ
ɱˣīˣеĽȾѪȴһ˵ģžα
Ӱ˶٣ֵȷһֱѰһƽĽ֣ɹʵֲпᡣ
أô
ķʣӰһЦһƽ˵ҪֻԼɡ
ӰһֱԼǸ˽ˣ´壬޹ءվλãͼıʲô
ΪԼĻᣬҪ߰ƣܽˣӰӦǸˣκ˰ڲվ壬֧ˣܵõԼҪģʲôֶΡ
ûƸһˡ
ĻվֱϲŰӰĵ¶ȣģҲǲġ
˵꣬ת뿪ˣӰıӰ񣬶ɻصŸղǾ仰
Ƹһˡ
ǰС;ǿ׼һһΪ飬ĲЭܾҲӲʾʼԼ⣬Ӳ沨Լǽͷͷڡ
īϲԭô
**
ͻƽĵʮգ̾ڱ߽磬߽սΣ޷һ
ֱһʮ죬Χ򱬷ߣߵԴˮԴũȵ߱ȥˮԴ;գߵӵٶ̫죬޷ֹ
ƴʱϢϸȥһ̽ˮԴ֪ʬˣⲻֹǴʬŷֽⲻ
Ҫ⣬Ҫʱ䡣
û뵽Ϊ˴ߵӰ᲻ϧ̶ֳȣҲܷ·ʽˡ
ֻҪܴﵽĿģϧһٷŵ͵ߵġ
ʦ棬н֮
忴Ǳҹæһһҹ϶ģûüΪԼϴ
УѣҪһʱ䡣
ƿһ۳ЩȾߵİգϺƣЩƤѾֶƣˡ
ǻʦѰ֮
峯ŰƹҾǼеģ뵱īʱӵһų֮ĵ˲ˡ
ʱܽҲôĿˣսĿʼ˰˵ģЩˮԴҪ߾ԼҹȥˮԴͽȻǵоҩֻжþˮϵ衣
ȥʡ
Ҫߣȴܽסϵ𼱣о裬ҵС
ܽɽٳˮˮվֱܽϣеؿ̬ܽȲǹ
Ҳ֪ܽ裬ǸһģϹ޵֧Ѫ
Ҹոѧ˾ҲӦ⡣
Ϲ޵Ѫһ㶼߶˵ֻ֧Ƕˮ˵Ҳûʲô˺
ʱд˵ޣҲ֪
٣ȻҪһЩƲųɡ
ܽŰƵƤգգۣȻˮŵУˮһЩȻںˮ﷭ƺûͦ졣
Ƽˮƴ˼ºܿͻˣֻЩֶ̫ҩɽ⡣ߺֻһʧ䣬Ƹս飬ڲǰִǰƽսǶģƵȥʤġ
ҲΪˣǸ˲Żֻǧȥ˽磬һͿ̿ս
壬ҪƽսеĽҲҪϰ
ǿ֮ģϧпĥ̻ʹ࣬һɱ䣬һ־ˡ
ʦ棬ˡ
ܽȻҲǵһǼϰٱҲй׼ˣûһôӦ
ߵȷɽĲ𣬱߽Ӯһսۣɽķ߱Щ
Ȼúû뵽ǣôѰ˽֮Ѹġڳָ˵ĲǰƱˣһպεӣúĺ⡣
İķһյеսȻʣֽдֶ֣Ǿ඼ɱ
ũȣҽߣɱΡ


138 
Ÿĳ֮ũȵ½ԮʱũȴϮȻ˫ũأ޷óѣֻҳˡ
Ȼɺ˫Ϊһ¶ֵò죬ɴʱеǰҲֻܷ³ɼͬС
ֻǣһũȱǿһЩͷũȵҲɱĿʮԣҪߵҽơһеߵúҲߵøһũȳ£ôһš
ûȥũȳԮѷ˪˹ȥΪʲôûɽ裬ҲũǵԹø⡣
ڣ˪Ϲȥ󣬺ܿƿ˾ƣٴαˣȻδüյ˺屻ΧȵϢ
ܽ˰Ƶͬ˹ȥʱѺ£ɺ廹˲ˡ
һġ
һڵȲɼҩģû뵽ߴ߻Ϊϵ͵ĵӣȻʼûܰǻסԼˡ
̰ǿЦȻܽڽܽ԰ɣһʮʤô
ܽЩˣʮǴ˳ڣĶԪӤڡ㾫Ĳɱ壬Ǽɵ쵼֯
ʱƾ˵Ǹ֮ģڴһϸԹȻâ¶ĺױϡ
ȻڰƵԤ֮УֻǼСģҲ޷⡣һ߹ũȷɢҵעһȴ˾Ĳɱ壬ץⲻץ˺ô
ǣңûʤ㡣
֪ܽԼʱǲɱһѪ·޷ѺߵģҲ֡
ˡ
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ǻ͵ǻ׷׺˶ܣҲû˸ղŵơ
ܽǵһ壬Ҳɱ¾׼һ̰ǳϮʱʱ¡̰ǺսССĴ۲ֻܴǵܽǵЦһ
׺֪ʱ۷³£̰ѱ롣ɼǼʱ̰ǵĶͷɱܽƿһ˿ڣѪ¡


ҽ̰ǻͷȥֻӰзɴܣֻҪǴ壬ͻᷢĲҽ
ʲô
̰ǻδףܽѾס׺̰ϷסȻְܽˡܽ˼Ȼվȣ˿ĺ壬оԼˡ
˺壬̰Ǽܣ㲻һеسȥĴצҪ£ӰͬʱϮҧ̰Ǿֱϡ

̰¿Ӱʲôһƣһ
ͷһԼϵ˿ڣŨŨѪֻ֪Ǿ綾֮ĪԼ»еҡ
ߣ
̰ʧ֮ʣܽƺСٻأȻ룬ϾҪղŵ嶼˶нⶾ֮Ҳʹһʱˡ
̰ǼܽԶһߵһȭϡ
ɶ񣡣
ԽѪԽࡣͷȥǻ𴦴ȼգҶˣٲߣ˱ǻ⵽𷣡
ߣˣ
һߣܽź·ɽҵ˴Ԯ壬һЩһ·ϣܽѾֹѪֻأѲ;ܻĳ̶ˡ
˰˸粿Ȳ˿ں󣬵ȸԽⶾҪžΣ类ˣɵ󡣡
ã
ִźȥţҩȽȫҲʩչֽΪˡ
֪˵ϢԼȥȣֻΪȺ廹ȥֻʱƲҪܽȥӪȱܽºһʱܽҲûʳԣɵɽ³򽫺
ش˴岻ʱָӣ˰Ʋ뿪Ҳԭ
ʦʩȣҲˡ
ûµģ뿪ʱ򣬺ιѾתȻЩ֮ǵġ
ܽο˼Ҳڰ۽ǵ˿˿ɫҲɢȥ١ӣҲۿɼֹ࣬һδսӶˡ
սѣʼǴֲġ
ܽҲûжصŸ֪ƽ󣬰Ʊ׼ܽȥũȾԮ˵ģ֮ˣĻũӴƻһս
ûд徫񶼵ũȥˣǸϵʱũЩƣҲ˴룬սȥذɡ
ֻû뵽з˪˫ũҲ޷мĹơƺܽĵȻʿҲôҿʤϣ
˽һ֪ԭһ󽫣սˮȡ˷˪Ѫģ˰ũһ˺С
һ˻ܽ˽˾Ҳ徯Ӵ죬Ҷ֪ˡ
л࣬ƵǾò⣬ֻֽթ壬һΪԼ·һǸ׹Ůƴܽһͬսǧ˴ܽһǧǰĿ־С
п־壬ҲһԾԾԣΪһΣһˡ
һս֮˶Űƺܽսһֱ¶ӣһֱʮŵ඼û档
һ
Ȼ֪鷳ֻΪ֮ǰԼԸǸ࣬Щ޷ûģԼӰǷ˪ܻûʱҲõõôȡɵʤġ
鷳𣿡
鷳оˡ
֪㣬ΪҲ֮ǰĸߣöԸˡ
ûڣܽոںǸŮӡһװ䣬ͷϵĶ䶯˶ƺΧĶ
վʦԣɱ
СһȥƵǵη޾ˡ֪ǵĿģһȥũȵǣסԼж
϶ˣô֪ʲô
ɱչΪǿ÷˺üƤʬںչɱ
СȥδӦǵͷƮİɫдšڤ֡
Ĺ
ѹȸУ磬֮ϢǴڵˣҲоޱȵĿ־塣
̣˲ȼմһͷ£ſǿĴ죬Ҫҧȥ˽ԱۣδƺܽѾ𣬺һĽǵصɱŴϮȥ
Сüͷû뵽ھʵǰǾ˲һҲû뵽ƺܽѾΪ˵£ʹԲС
һ˱ǧ˴Ǳô

󣡡
ǣ
ڴʱ󷨣ɵͷҲѱƤʬ嵲ڷ⡣
ЩѾˣСΪһЩ˷֧ӵ󣡡
䡪
һѾ޴ĽӰԽɳײϷ󣬴һ
ǻδüʹ󣬱㱻ƺܽĽôֲ
С̧ͷ̾˿
Ĵˣ˿ս겻ˣҾɣҲһȥ㡣


139 
ũ֮սǿֿսҹܣһ䣬СӶȥ
ũ﷢ҹսӰȴɻڵٺɻһҵӴܡռٺ򣬲ΧŻȪפӪжҪͨȪͨȪԮ
ȻòũȣũȵľҲ˺壬ٺĳ򣬿һƺǺʤһ
Ҳ̾ȴսŮˣҲīɵŮˡ
һҲǺ׼֮ʱɻͨȫߡΪƲΪĻô׷ŹռȪĻᣬһƲɶơ
ʵΪĵҪĿĲռٺ򣬶ǻ׽ɻֻҪץסɻ߾һǿߣҲٷ
ȻɻյƵָʱ֪Ŀģڵֿһ󣬱ԥӶݣҲԼС
񣬿ж˻ȪϵʵºγɱΧֻҪȪ½ϵ֣Ǿͻᱻл
ңҲذѼƻȪֻҪһըףɾͻٱ𣬼лγɡ
ľվڳǽ֮ϣŲԶĺһɫɫȴģ綼ɢе
ʱһϮɫᱡ۵İӰӺǵӰӭϦ£Ĺ¶в֪Ϊξ΢΢ۡ
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ΰƵĲ𣬺ĺȻЩˣð̫ܹɻ鱨ҳڰӰ
δȫĵҲֹһš
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䣬ս𣬿ֻռ쵽Ŀճǣʱᱻǰлľôķ綼ĴܸС
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ڴʱ̰Ǽææϳ¥æʦһԶ
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ˡ
ҪԼ˵ĻǱհ˽֮⣬ֻˣѪ˵Ѫ֮ǱȽá
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ڳ˵Ļǰ׷СũǵѪ
̰ǲ⣬д˷ŭС˴ģܲŬС

Ӱѹѹĵļ򣺡ʱǰ̫
ӰδĵĶ֣һ·ĵŵǽȱȻôһЩƸۡ
ȥڴд㡣
ǣ
Ӱû뿪˼̰ҲĵˣӦ֮ȥ졣
Ҳǵ⣬Ϊλߣ
ֲûһս֮ΪҪӣ
ӰǵЦָֻϺĵգʿ䣬ӵĻⳡսˡ
գ۽һ죬ǲԼɵƵĴսеϮ֮󣬵һӦǳˣΪԼһء
Ӱջ֣󺣣ӭ򽥽ҵķ硣
Ҳһ£վǧǰʲôо
գĵس˿˲䣬΢΢һĨԳ΢ЦȻת׼뿪¥
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ӰתĵıӰϦĺ콥٣ҹīɫŨҹɫںĵϣԵ԰ףҲ¶
һ֮󣬰Ӱû˵Ҳûͣĵÿһݺݵذҹһǵ
ĺʰӰΪνɾӰҲ֪ΪΡޱߵĴ󺣣Ȼܺ£ǰ·ãã޷δͷһۺģǷ·һСۣԼ
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ʱһᣬҲһֲ̡
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գԻٳǣˮϵķһʱûйǵķߡըԶըƽĺӿˣһһسٺϮȥ
ɺХһĹûйķǰӰһ֮ǽѺˮ˻ȥˮϮӰɱ
ǱһƬǽ壬棬޹аӰأǲûмӴ󹥻ȣǻص˺ڡ
Ӱһδεľȹͨߵ˳һֻľޣǺûԼܲܵ
ӰǺµģҲǿ־ģһ˲ǹ¶ġ
ԭ֮ʱָоô
ۿȥµǱˮʴһƬǽ壬жζ˴зˣʬҰˣⳡǰӰǿġ

ڴʱӰתͷȻһִһֱڣԼо¶ʱ֡
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ĸղžˣǸղžͳȥðӰ忴ͣϾǸõչԼĻᡣ֮ǵһġ

Ӱź֣Ǳž룬дǣɱž볼֮ľ롣
ĴʱŰӰȥû뵽ӰҲǰȻְ§
ĺɵ
Ȼϲˣĺɵ


140 
ٺ֮£Щ֮⣬Ϊ£Ǻûѡˡ
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βֹʿˣҰӰΪסĺХǡ
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С
ָһеɢȥ˵ɫ⳾ޡ
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ܽЦ촽װƵĶЩƣ͸ʾЩʲôͬսǶȻ뵽Ρ
Ǳˡ
ƷĸܽϣʵҪ
ţþˣе롣
е㣿
Ƶ΢΢أ̾еɲС
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ܽץסƵ֣ƺʲôҲû뵽Լ־ҾʱҪʵһ²С
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ܽڰƲͷʱǰסǵƲȴܺõĵȼˡһʰ
Ժз紵Ҷɳɳ죬ƿȥĳЩЩҹ֮С
ҹɫŨɫ봰ڣĿ̽ͷĴɫܽͰӵߣȻ࣬ѾˣŪɾ󣬶˱Ϣˡ
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ȪΧפزܣֻҪǰǿϷųϢðӰϹȥƲûдڴͶΪӮĻ嶼
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Ϊ̰ԺĺȻЩȥӰΪԼԽ磬Ҫĸࡣ
ߵߵ

ӰѵԼڵõס䶼ȾһֻƵϢ
ҡ
Ӱһ˹ȥס죬ɱֶׯЦݣʲôǶ޷š

Ӱź֣һڳǽ֮ϣ˫ºХᳯԼУȻһ纣ХԼӵ
СĵǰӰԼЩ룬Ҳ⣬ֻ֪һʲôô
Ĳ֪ӰΪλͻȻἰ£ֻҲһʱ𣬵ʱ룬īĻҲһ¡
ĵĳȥԭΪī
ҾˣϲʲôұʲôΪ棬Ϊ˵õЩʲô
ӰŤͷױϵͭͭԼģ٣ڰ׼ңΪ˻ȥΪ˵õԴҿԼĸ׺ڲˣ˺ǣһܶ˽ˡ
ҿԷѾ˼īͰƵԵҲԻļƣװԼŸеƷɽ˸߿һۡ
ӰӣһԼһ˿ػ᣺ҾʲôأԼ֪Ϊ˲ˣˡҲҪ
˵ʲôأ
ӰӣŤͷģؿԼûƽʱׯЦ⣬ֻʣһ̫˵ӡ
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ΪӰ˵ЩǲԼټϲҲЩ鲻Խ硣ΪԼ־룬бҪԼ˵ôôбҪԽҴ
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ˡ
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ӰȥıӰģֱűϣŵͷн֮Ժ
ʵղ˵ǣңңҲ⡣
˵ڣûŪԼģֿܳܺİ
˵ףԼ˽ֻ֪ԼŲߡ
ɡûô
**
պ󣬻Ȫַӿ˾޴ĺˣһΣɺˮһͬĹӰһ˵ǰҲȥȴδֵܵס󺣵
ӰסˣȻúĴ˳ˣϺһУǰӰɱ
䣬ҲƺͰӰˣһܾ˵սۡ
󣬰ӰӣҲ˳ˣߴ޹ϸ˵һֻǴ˸ƽ֡ɽٺ򣬿ȴ˲ߣʧ˳򣬵ֻ󽫣˭Ҳռˡ
ƺܽصţٺɺɻ١
һžɫղ԰ףܽһҩʱŵҩζ̲ס˼
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ࡣ
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ɲֻһҡ
ܽЦЦȻָιһڡ
ƺͰӰ񾳵ǿ߶УڻȪϴսҹػ谵նδֳܷʤɰƺܽӰԻڲ׾ҰʬʣһõñȰƿ졣
ȿȡ
ЦһЦͲֿ˼ѾδܹصˣʬȻ¡

ŵ㡣
ۣܽԼһЭӰҲ࣬Ķʵ̫ˡ
ùġ
óĨĨԼ죬һЩҩ֭ĨȥѪĶѾڡ
ܿͻ֣ᷢһԼʵ½֮ǰ˽磬ֻҪһϣʤȯˡ
ˣ˵ֵãΪʼյĿĶӮǰѶӰڡ
˺ˣ˵ˣǰѾ׼ˣһ󣬽϶סӰ
ܽǺܵĵģԵ̫ǳǾֵƲˣһɵķʽȥûôء
˵ͼҲþûиԼˡ
ͼִеľˡ
ܽôûң
ͼû𣬿ˡ
ܽ
ͼھˣıѳĽ֣֮ÿ¶Իһǧֵ
ܽ͵ͬݽˣ
ͼԶԶԣ˼
ֿ˼Ȼǹؼʱˡ


141 
ҡҷӰױǰסԼؿڣһ±һ¸ء
Щ󣬾ǿȳһźѪ
ãȻЦһϤĳжǿѪôӲֻأԼǲҪˣ
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Ȼ䣬ŤͷţܸоһֱվһˣûнҲû뿪
ôһţܹö˶оࡣ
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ѾֹҪˣҪⶾ
Ӱһ˹һӰ֮ɫǾȵģΪհӰʣܻжֺܹ塣
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ô
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һҽʦҲҽһΪҽޣǸ࣬걻ձ࣬һֱ°¡
ʬҩԴ󲿷˵Ȼҩɶ԰Ӱ˵Ǿ綾ӦõģȻѪһжˡ
֮֮ڰӰڶԿðӰʵѸ½
ô
ӰûԼΣΪѾоЧֹΪҲһر
롣
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Īţûв˵
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ʵԳʼܵעĲԼǰơɰ̫ĸ˵ι£Ҳ׿͸ЩñŵĻģӣ
ҲΪƵ棬Ӱ˻ᣬ˭ðӰӰֻԵķӣ˺Լĸ׺ãҲҪõעͻȥȨ
ɼԼѾȴԣȻ˲ϵƲʸߵǸˣΪӣΪҲϵ
ڰ׼ңûԵģ֧ǵϵֻҪΪߣоԵĻȨͿ԰ٰĥΪ͵ˣԵĶ񷢻ӵ¡
αȡѪαȡҲ˶Ҫֵø飬̤ŰƵʬȥҲϧ
ȵΪﵽڵʱΪһжܹõԼҪһСȻܻЦǸ£˵īϲǰƣĶ
ӰǼʵģǷߺ޵ģҲǷģΪԼŬȡһУƶ׵õ츳ҲãīҲá
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أѵҪô
Űһ
ȻòܽòīôҶõ
ôһ˲ɵ侲ôԭ򣬺ֻΪ˺ĵƽ
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ʱԼЦǼ޵İȥźģôľͻһֱΪԼãֺαΣ
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ľʲô֮ˣҪ֧ҲðӰ¡
ӰĺʲôƿһӲĵطʲôڷѿסģȻرסģҪаⶼȦڻС
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ıӰӵڻУǿõڼҵԳͻû£ڰӰ˵Ҫһʱû£һĳĬ¡
˵̡
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û˵ȻӰɿ䵽ϣһ룬·Ҫմ
ǽǵĴ٣ʱֻ鶯ʱ̲סȥǻ£ʱֻסΪֻе²Ż£ֻమʱŻ¡
һǣеĿհ׶ϣѺĵĻشҲϣشһԸ´𰸡
Ҳġ
ᴭͷŰӰĶͷһ̸С
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ɱ
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С
Ķ˶١
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ΪսΪͬΪ£ΪΪɱ¾
гġ


142 
ӭλˡԴƺܽȴɴݣɽŵһ̲ų֡
ȻˣǱȥԺӺú̸̸
ƶѰ£ƺûʲô⣬ֻ˵֪Լ԰Ӱ˶ֻ֮ᵼ֡
һǰӰϧһгɱһ̸С
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ƺܽ԰˴ȥԺӣŲûзɾ裬ŰɽͷΧסԷһ
ЩˣƺЩ
ӰܲԼΧЩ£۵Ӱ˵Ŀ䵽ܽϣֻĸоٿƺѾûǾĵĸоˡ
ܽ˵öԣ׷ȥ翴һ֮ˣǸž֮ȥδԼ
ٲɻǰ˲ô
ûи˵򵹾ƣдǣҲΪǻ
Ӱɫ˳һԵĺɲѹӣȥ
Ȼ㲻ǻôҲ֪ǽʲô
֪˵˵ɣô̸
ҲĨǣӰһ˵ڣ̸ֻ꣬ҪֱӴ򣬻߷뿪
ǲַ˽磬ҽҩ
֪Ʋϻֱ˵ذ˵˳
ƣ뱾̸д£
֪ĻҪʵҲǶģĺĶ԰ӰӡǰӰ˶ôĲӲܣҲðŰӰΣѸٽ˽硣
ʵ֤Ķˡ
Ȼг룬֪ҹ֮γɵģ
ƳĬȷ֪¿ʼҹ֮رѾڡǴȴֱĵطⲢûлݼƬأﺮڰһ֮ء
Ϲźڰס֮أдƬƬİʯʯϹŽʯܸ⣬ܴѡ
Ƶ䣬źĵĿ˼һԵܽƺҲסƵ֣侲
䣬˽˰ʯֻҪʩ˽漴ţѣ޹⡣
˽뱾ιأ
˵󣬺ȴֻЦЦǱνҰ˽ô
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սĿĴΪɱ¾
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Ʋ̸ʲôı䣬Ϊīһһεȥԣû̸еء
һΣӽԳɹһΡ
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㣿
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ĳŰƹҾû뵽ƾǺ˵һӦ£ãԴӦи
Ǻ
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˵󣬰Ӱٿվŭʲô
ֻʣҲ֪ƻȻҪץסһߣź
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ġ
ӰúĲΪԼ̶ֳȣǸϲŭ޳֮ˣǳϦõԼô
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һ
Ӱ˼ջӦ˴λȥעڰƵߣΣʼ԰
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ĪҪʳԡ
ֻǳ˳ǣûлӦȻ󶪸˰Ӱһƿˣܻⶾһ¡
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Ӱؿ˺һۺ󣬱ȥ
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ֻԺ߶ϢȥģĪҪһЩ¡
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Ķ˶٣ֳŰƹҾҵĳ⡣
ֻЦܽһʾźĺԼȥˡ
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Ժߣ
ǿܽľȣȿ˿ڻ˴ʱΡ
á
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ڰЩ˴ӲΪ
á
ܽ
ΪĻ˵ʲôϾǶׯӣʵ˵ܶˡ
ǰΪҪ壿
忴ʵʼдȲġ
ֻ˵һ仰ܽˡҲ壬ߣɸͨˡȺӶ࣬δ֪ĶþȫȥżЩ࣬˵ױ̫̫СС޷ݸࡣ
Ϊֹһ㶼塣
ﱾǴҹ㣬ҵమҶȥҵǶ̵ġ
סũһûһٵģɿϵȴûжʧԵ˿̬۸ҲżԼʱͷϵĶ䣬ȥʲôطᱻϡ
ۺʱţ㱻Ƶ·ɲ¶Ǳɫ
Ծ֮ʱǼǼȹɸɾģܴȴš
żгģʱʹΣҲʹԼΡ
ΪεҪȥɱΪλɱΪλгޣ
֮ܶܶ⡣
Ϊ˺ģı̰Եö֮˵


143 
ܽԼھһ£һзľʦվڰ׹ǻ졣
ΪĻų˵ִȻԼһطֱӰǺûУֱͦ˫ֽڸǰϹŶׯЦ⣬֮ܽûиңֻ̽һѡ
ܽڼģսϡһΣ̸УɺֻҡҡͷԼɼ
ʱĺĻֻһĻţҲصˣΪĳҲΪδս֤ԼʵܽνɼģǾʵλ㣬ûа취ȥ׷ѰõĽʽ
һܰ㡣
Ѿȥ꣬˵Լʱĵ۽ǻḡֳЩЦ⣬ֿЦݣöׯŵ߶ġ
ţΨһҸܵ䲢ǵˣҴʱԭ˿ƾ谮ȹȥ󣬾û˽ȥˡ
æ棬æΪԼһĿռ䣬ȴ˸飬ȴԣ׳ΪһΪ伫
ڰʯһʼְʯºһЩĸѰʯ˽磬ҲıֶΡ峹װˣұץԼıֶΣҲǱסĸֶΡ
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144 
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145 
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