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1 ӻ
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Ů˵Ӳߡ
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һ
˵ţͻȻ˸
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һֱ֪˾Ư˵Ļ
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˿ͻȻ֣㣬µԼĺѡ
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˿ҡͷƶԷˡ
ˣȥ
㷽ŷ֣ĽһֱѪΪˮ£ԲȾһƬϪ
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Ŀȴʼͣ˵ϣĶԷֱʾԼ¡
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ףˡ
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ǣÿ
Ź㣬ҡβҲСèСİֺá



2 סȥ
Ů毺ãüۼ͸ţһ˫ƯӾʱĳ˸еĪİġ
СǿţͻϲĺܣȻѪҲˡ
˫۾һֱؿԼ߹ȥĽŲһ٣ͣ˾۾ƵǰԼĪ״
ҲǸΣյĵطǰƯµͻȻܲġ
˼ˣ㰵̾һŵɽȵֽ˽ջڴĿ£ٴ̧ߵǰ
С㻶Ҫҡβͣˮʪīɫ˶ĺɫ
ˮ˳Ƥ䵽ϣɫҲ˼֣Ĭؿףӳ̶һ˿
û͵С㣬ЩشԴίͰ͵ġ
Ҷ˰ϵˮüڡ
֪һڱġšĿתһԲ֪ĺӡ
õɽͱͱˣȷװĺҪȥתŲӣȵһӲĶ״ʯͷ
õɽƲ渲ǵĿҶ¶˵µǹһ
Ǹ͵Եġ
кŵĸ˿·˺󣬶ίİڵϵС㿪ڣϰִżº밲

ûˮеСѪҲڿơ
ߵ˴鿴Ƭ̺üø
Ϊ˵̫أ˿ʵ죬ǹˣҲݽѪӵֻüⷭƤ⡣
˿ڴһƷϧۡ
С͵͵̧ۿǰ࣬θݣüѩɽ˪Ҳ
ֻԷ˫޳ÿֽԼŵı·һԵĵϺͷһƿʲôͼֵֹĶ
СƳһۣдʲôҽþƾ
üªĹߣǰϸµش˿ڣԼɴ˿ˣʱҲ
ڼ䣬С۵죬۵Ӷɸһ㣬ʵغۣβ͸ǲܿƵذڶ
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ԣ˿һ£һֵؿ־Ҫ̽Ķͷ鿴Ƿˣ
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ѶԷƿû˵ԶСĿò֪ʲô
ʱ򣬾ԮԱŹ˹ЩΪѵض
Բ̫ǿˣǿˡ
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һ˦һߺš߿
ԮӵĶӳٴοڣ
ղſͦ㿿ģȥһ£Ȼ޷ȥΡ
˿ԡ
ⲻУҲˣôס
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ԮӳЩΪѣϣϡ
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ҿԡ
ûнӹԮԱץߣǿֱȥˣŹ⣬С˫ʵ۾ҲЩǹƥˣ̴С֪ǸƯ㡣
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̽Ե֣С㲻˿ԥؿȥָ⸧ԼɵؾһֻѰĳ
˵ؼҡ
Ǳƻһ㣬Ӧ˶Է
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˿²һ䡰硱󣬼Ĳû˵˼Ҳ˹ȥ
뿴ٴθˮжôĶĿѤҲѧȥһ¡
˿ΪǰˮζҲζ棬մ˲ϼʹòˣСҲöԷ
ࡣ
˿㵹üͷһ˸˿֣
Сĵҧˡ
˭ϣĻ˵꣬ǱߵСͰһƫͷ
Ųҧצӡ
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Ĭؿ˿˿Էȷ󣬲żС㡣
ԮӵΪİųɹС
ȴһǿĹڿһ̣ĵؿ佱ÿһ㡣
һ佱УС㽾ذͷ̧ø߸ߵġ
ǣҿòġ
ţСģЦ¡
Ե޹ʵأø˿ɻ󿴹ֻ㳶˸ɵ
Ц̫ÿˡ
⻰Ҫ˵˿һţϲС˵ģҲûлɡ
ǡСǺÿûװҧˡ
˿ǲֵֹ˼άˣغѵİá
СĻʱԶΪڿԼʱĻŭš
Ưˡ
Լ˼ʱѾͬԮԱ
һҽЩҲ˽⣬ڲɽĲԶһ˽լҿԽȥƵ˺ú
Ỻȴ´һ֪ͨѯ
Ԯӳԥ
СΪ֪ģǲϹصġ
˶صһ㣬ǿ϶Ҫȥרоеġ
ô᲻֪С㱻ߺ³Ҳûõ˼
Ȼģǲô
ԮӳҲûɿڣֱ˿ԼݣǲŲѰæСȥ˽լ뿪ʱ˳͵ͽ־ˡ
С˳µס˽լͿ˳Ѱˡ
ûзټֻܻػȥ㱨峤ͳϡ



3 ͻȥ
ڲɽլӺܴи԰סС
ʱ䣬С㶼С԰ɹ̫ͬʱҲմȾһĻ֭
Ϊլ˵㣬ȴ飬չСķûκοҲᰴʱְԷҩ
С԰ҵС㣬ϵĻ֭ϸĵذԷɴƼԭѪģ˿ڣѾõĲˣ⵹Щ⡣
˿ڲɽԷ󣬾Ͳ֪ȥˣֻڶԷʱˣҲû⡣
ʱֻˣϴϴֲɺóֻһʾ֣Ĭһ˲Ž
Ǳ߲֪˵ʲôԭºЦϳżֲԸڡ
ã֪ˡ
򵥽˼䣬ǱҲ˵绰ֻɫûкת粼ƣ˿
Ư㲻𣿡
Сز仯̧̧ԼСֿҪοԷ
û¡ЩЦؿŶԷĶԷͷ
ҳȥˣҪԹԵġ
šСæͷҲûʶԼ˵Ļÿһ䶼شˡ
ĶЩҲɹЦ㣬ɢЩ
ȥˣСҲˣɵС԰ϵĻϣп
˿ڲɽܵ˺õĲˣձģһ˵ԷǱлլԼҲȥһӷУԸµͬ㱣֤չ˺С㡣
ʱɹ̫С㣬ͻȻһƬӰŵһɱȻ㻹Ūˮζ̼оģ硣
۾һױݾµЦš
ˡ˿кĿȴһƤ
ۿٴΣǾþޡ˿̾š
СԸܵġϲ⡱תͷֻ̧ƵһۣԱ˼ȥɹ̫
˿Ҳ֪ΪʲôһϿ˱ӵ
û⣬ֻԼۻˣԸ˿ٴ˹ȥЦݵҪԷͷ
С˵㲻ˣ
СǰŮЦöЩˡ
࣬С㡰ߡһ˦ͷߣȴԷΪ˷ڵϵİ
˿촩˼һּĵ¶ȹչ͹µģΪ˴䣬һӨС״ȵ
С㿴۾һԼûӵİ
ֱӶ˸˿ֱ֣ȥѰˡ
һֻˮ̵ķɫ㣬ȴһֻܣδЩ
˿ǱӰһ£û׷ΪǸôСҲװʲô޷ǿںͲױʲô
С԰ǻһȪģС˯ڻ֮⣬ڶȥĵطƽʱᵽǱˮ
㷢ϲʱʱǱߺȪһȦ㹻С㣬ֿĴС
ʱС㣬ֱȪȥһ˫۾͵͵Ÿ˿֪ˡ
˿Ǳָֻ㷢ϢӣûҪûذ˼ֻҪ״ѡ
˿Ұء
Ӧﳤûֻʾ˿ҲҪظȪС㡣
͸ˮôһ۵Ƥ⵹мڶ˼˿ҪЦˣ߹ȥֳȪԵĴש
ϲ𣿡
ˣСͷ׳ˮУݡ
˿˱ŶƤµİһǣ˹Цʢûڡ
㣬óļš
˻еֻʾԷ
Сߺأʱ򣬸ţˡ
СΪʶԼֻίίؽס
˿Сĳˣ˷ܵز㴩ϸ߸Ҫ
СֵؼΪ˿գһ̣ȫתҫ
СأˣҲ˿Լͷϵˡ
˿ͻȻ̾Ϣһε
СƱأҲ֪ܻܲ
ԣС˾ɻԴ˼
಻Ƿ԰ԭƯͬ
ţСҲ˸ˣôϲڲ˵İأ
ϣһҳߡ
ʱѾˣķЩլﰲֻӵĲ
ͣ£θŮӴӳ˿ʸеĺɫȹ¹߹ŮһС
ױԽüεޣһĨ촽һЦġ
һ߽ŵʱϰߵʶƳС㳣ſС԰ĿֻٴαٻһƬǽ壬ûϤӰ
üͷ΢ĿǱƿʱö˵õСһ˫۾ɫ۾һ㱡һ㡣
Сﻹֻ״۶ǵȴ佱˼
㿴ţ˿Ϣʱţڵˡ
ɢȥЩǳһ˿Ц⣬ڣǺĵĿ佱
ܺÿ
ҲûһֻŰǷ񻬻
Сˣֻú⣬ҫ˼Ȧ
ͣºڿ²۸˿ĿɶΪ
㶼֪*ŮһĴ˯˯ˣҪңȻ֪ԼƯ̫ˣǿڰϣԭΪ
ੲݵ˵ţ֪
Ц΢΢ͷڵ
Ϊˡ
СΪ˵ԼӦ˿飬ʱٴί
㶼֪һߣǸŮжѡ
Ѿؼ˵ĸ˿˸硣
ʵ˿Ҳûʲôֻ˼Ƭ󻹴˸ȥ
ЦЦöԷԼȥ󣬱˱
СҲǵȵˣԼרС˯ˡ
վشǰӸµؿŲԶ˯С㣬ǿЦ˲ʧϼƣ
տĺŴ㣬˿˿ƾζڿ
ţһֳֻ򦣬һеĺƱ
ƿ˴룬˫żľ䣬Ⱦң˿Ȼ󣬿˵Ⱦƻˡ
þԼԺȴһصլʱĸ˵Ļ
޷ϣԺռҵĴؼΪʧ᧿ΣĹ˾
˴Լ΢΢̵Լ侲ЩžƱȴս
̾ϢһСķ򣬿ڣ
վҪ뿪ˣҲˣҸ÷ˡ
ϵɵܶ࣬Ҳ޴̽ˡ
ֽ̧׹Ų֪óǰ˵ӰʼնԽ׹ŵӨ֮ϡ
Ȼ˯еС֪Լڲ֪£СѱͻԼʱԡ
һϤİĵطС˳ĬС˼ȦŽԼʵ
ûû¡㰲οԼҲһ˲
ˣҵġ˵š



4 
и¥˴Ҵңɳ۶ΪΧͣ½Ųܶʼţʱʱ̿ʱ䣬ֺ񷴷ԭء
·һ̣ȴõȺ̧Ųߣ˽̸ûڽŲУǵĿⲻƳԡ
һŮսƤ𪣬ɢŵ۵ĳȹɣԷɫͰɫΪװźᣬͨ͵ܳĹޡ
Ůǣһ˫һʮָմˮָ룬˳ȥ㿴һֻһߵĽëȦ
һ˫ҵŶΧĺ棬ּΪƣֻǵƳ˼ۡ
ߵ·棬ºóһɫ˿ݵëıӱߣָƺ¶Է˿Ūࡣ
ˣҡŮĶԷԴһ˵š
ȷëѾŵ˿ϵζ󣬱㽫˿СĵţŮĶɲŪˡ
ëҡβͣͷ·ţŮһߡ
һ뵽ҪˣŮϵЦԽģɫò̫ȻʧɫҲ·ƵƵСĿˣҲûЩ˵Ŀ⡣
СҪȥ
һ·壬סȥ·Цš
·԰һؼҵ·
Ůģֻʮӣʵȴǰˡ
ƳһۣԷòЦݶʱȥ΢ص˶Էһۣ俪ڡ
ÿ
˳ëӣĽëԭѱ׺Է죬˼öԷ뿪
ǽëʵڴҲŵĲҶһ˲
ǣŽëҪߣӦ־Ҫץס

ȴϣûԷȱԷĿˣҲ֪ǲ̫ԭ򣬾Ȼͷѵ
˶ʱһֻԹĽǶţĶˣҵʹڵء
ΪĽֵϣİһȺ˵ΧۣȴӲûһоȻ
ץס۶ҵ֡
ɫʹ࣬ۿҪ뿪ָŶԷ뿪ıӰ˵
·Բˣǰӱע⣬翴˹ɧ˼ҡ
˵Ĵ裬
ô˼С˼ҿôһ˼ҡ
ʱ·˶ʼΪʼָָ㡣

Žëڳм䣬˽֪Ҫߵ
һʼļ鶼ΪǸԭĥһ롣
ãߵýŵ׶ˣδܹίĽ棬üͷƲƲԹ
ˡ
˵꣬ɨһۣ·иؤţǰһ룬ǮӲҡ
ߵ·ԣؤԶЩίһҳߵĺӣëͷģɵɵһţŲˡ
ֳ°ͣˣ̾˿ЩйߵĴӣ̾
ôɵôҵ
ëǽ뿪ɽʱߵģΪֻܸӦĴλãȻͰԼ͵ˣ㿿Źҵġ
ӽ˼βҡظˣȴԵøɵˡ
СҪʲô𣿡
һԴؤ˹ǵ۾ȹ⡣
Ƴ˶Էһۣ˶ԷһӹŵĲдšԡ
ֵ̫˼ءš
˹صڵĺӣ϶
ǸҪˣϲ԰ɣ
ԣ۾żֲ˼飬
ô֪Ķ𣿡
˵꣬СԹԵط񶨣ҡҡͷ
ܣôᷨ
˵ĺСؤϵûǰķӦȷ˶ԷǸغܺõ֪Ů϶ԷڵӣӦ׷ҳߵġ
ϵصغǺһЦ۾ȴźۼشԷĴţ
Եֱ֣ߣҵ
ϲվ
𣿡
˶ˣ϶˵Ե֡
˼ˣȼһ㣬˳ӣ
ߡ
̧Ҫ뿪ϵ
ȵȣ㻹ûиǮʮ
һӣдųһΰʮ
üͷ΢΢ʵ
ҪʲôǮ
ϵҡҡͷĪӣȴ͵͵һ۷ȥ棬¶Էôˡ
СͲˣԽĳ飬˲ϣǲҵ˵ġ
ԣ۾ЩˣЩִٵץԼȹڣΪѵ
Ĳ֪
˵꣬ëƵصʲôˡ
ϵۼ⣬ˣ˲۾ָŹĶ
СǮôš
ɻؿëĶɫģЩãóĳԷ
˵˶ٴΣܼ·ߵĶ
ëҡŵβͱһ˵̸﷢ʣҪԼ⡣
СȻǮˣͿҰɡϵơ
üɫֽ滹˸ˣ˼Ƭ̺󣬿ھԷ
ⲻǮǱ˵Ļ񡣡
˵꣬Լ˵˵ͷ
ϵ
˭ҵɵܳˣ
ϵתת˸˵Цеص
ǰѻ񽻸ңһҵ˵ġ
һƻѣǽë֪ĸģԼûбҪţϵĻҪԷݹȥ
ԼֻûȥŵĽëӵһֻͻȻܵһɾ޴͵Ľߡ
ߴˣǱߣǱߡ
ëȴĻһ㣬ŶԷܡ
һס˵ϵתͷԷ˻֣Цݲá
лл
ԭصϵǱëǣߵŮܻ
ڽëĴ£һҳҽԺǰͣ£治֪ʲôһع
ëʱͣ˽ŲſڵϣǰֻצӱԼԴɪɪš
òͣ˵һСñ;µԵö˼ˡ
ëſڵϣһ뵽ԷԼôãʱһŶԷĶ䣬
ܣºҲˡ
˵꣬һ룬ŵϤİ㣬µŵģܺţ˿ϵζһ
һɨΧĿһҳҽԺǰͣ¡
պóһŮˣһֻС̩ϣϸڰοԷ
ԥƬ̣ܵ˾ˣ̧ҪǱȥëˣſڵϣԸ⶯
ӣ׾ٵذѰ˸ߵĽë˽ȥ
һȥһŮӹЦ
ã黹Ҫ
ſڵϰĽëһ룬ֻצӰԼԴøˡ
İޣȷ˾ҡҡͷ
ǣˡ
˭أǰ̨С΢Цŵ
淸Ϊѣ˼˰Լ֪˽ʲôʱЩ
ʱ߳һθŮӣժףֽϵĿ¶ŵһ˫̶ºȴԶһ㡣
һԷ˷ܣָŶԷ




5 ȥֺò
ϵŮ˫һˮ΢΢ͷССڵغţɫƯ۾ȴһգգؿǰθݵŮˣĪã˫ŻǰţëµſڵϲԸ¶ͷ
ԶŮˣɫ죬ǳɫ㣬ӻɫĳ£򵥵ĴȴϰĵԽʳżʹʩҲգעĿ
Ů˲źۼ۳ϺˮŮŮһֱעŶԷˣǹЦ⣬Է˳֡
㵱ջĿ⣬üͷ΢֪Ϊָоˡ
뷨ܿͱԼҡͷˣŮòڣµĴޣοһͷɫĳһ磬վȺҲǸĿĶǼΪμûˣ
˼ˣϼࡣ
ߵǰ̨С̲ס࿴˼۽棬ԷҲܹԵЦŸкЦɲǺⶼȻʧɫ˰㣬˲ڻԼϰ
ϰ壬ǲѰÿɰƯޣһ󣬿ǲˡ
ĻҲʶ̫òˣֻܱȥ͵͵ȴѾ˴Ȱ
㱻ʵһ£ƳһŮҡͷϵ
ûмӦ˭ܳġ
ԣǰ̨Сۿɼʧһ£ɲͽ
ղ˵㣬Թȥʡǰ̨Сõ
ҲһֱɽһֱֻܹȥԷߡ
濴Էˣϲ̧ŶԷ
һαһôţ˵۾֪ǲĴ񿴼һ˿
عǵЦᣬʵ
Сã·𣿡
ȴ룬ҡҡͷȻˮһԼָͷڵĻشҲǴʡ
ҲСˣУС˶٣ָͷȻ۾أ
ʮ
㣺
һߵǰ̨СÿһĻЦԼϰ³һ˿ѷ죬д
üſϧ˶ԷǸɵġ
ҲΪˣˣ
㻹ǵ𣿡
⣬΢΢绨ķ۴С
ǵãɽҲȥ
⸱ӣίغһҪ޳ˡ
ĬƬֻ̣ȰԷ
ãȥʲôʶ𣿡
̧۾Цſ
㣬ʶ㡣
ҡҡͷĵص
ˡ
־Լȹڣ
ҵˡ
ͨ˽ԷѾİˡ
Էٴ볤õĳĬʱˣĿίģǴ
𣿡żȥҵʱɽġ
뵽ʱۿģһͺǸҪޡ
㻹û˵ʲôǰ̨С˹ϸذοԷ
ûû£СãϰԲ̫ãһһʱû
ԣջؼ޳Ŀѯʵؿ㣬
˵𣿡
һڴĿһǴĿע£ֻܵ˵ͷ
õ𰸵Ľ棬סԷֱۣ
Ҿ֪ôң
˭˵Ư
ֱͻȻ˱ס£ʶҪԼ֣һԷЦ۾ͻȻ˫۾ʧ顣
Ȱý棬ǰ̨Сö
ô죿
ͷ۵üģԷĽУȷ϶ԷǸ񲡣ͷ쳣ѣӦһӵǵľ񲡡
㲻ùܣȻȥϵ㿪ڡ
˵꣬뵽ʲôٴε
컹мԤԼ
绹ǰ̨Сõ
Ӧ󣬱ȥ׼ˡ
ǱãȻۿЩģֻĵԽ˵ı
һ֪С䣬ԼߵĽëƺ⺦
ڵϣ˳˳ë
ҪŮĵطôá
ëøˣҡͷҪ뿪
ֱӺ˶ԷĿ档
ҪһŮ㣬̫æˡ
˵꣬÷ʹԼﲻԷ
ǰ̨СʱҲûʲôæģߵ˽ߣԷ˵غµĴë
İɣеСء
ͬص˵ͷ
ȻСܵĺܿ졣
ýëŵģȻôһ㡣
ǰ̨Сԥ˺ܾˣûעԷеָһ㣬ϸ
󣬽;ֵؿ˰ף
㲻ңֻҵİ²ҡ
ǰ̨СõóѺԷشٿԷһ˵ı飬Ц
СãȻסɽ峯˵ġ
ǿнϵĴ˹޶ڻﵱȴԵθӽС
ҿˡ˵ȴţЩ˵Ĳò
ûһҶ·ϵģֻܹ
￴İɡǰ̨Сõ
ҡͷǡ
ʱѾæˣ½ëɱȥ͵ײԷίظ״
Ҫɾˡ
Сذͷ㻳˵Żӡ
㻳˸ˣӽ˽׻ûƿԷ
ǰ̨С˹˿㣬ֿ˿棬
СͦȤġ
ı
ûжġ
ȽĻƳƳǰ̨СãС
ԭˡ
ǰ̨СЦˣֱˣЦһһã
ϰ壬ҵˣ
Ҫ֪˵ˣЩͷۣ
ǰ°࣬Ȼȥա
°ô飬û˭ܾǰ̨СȻʰ°ؼˡ
ŽȥҵԼĳ󣬸Էʻĳţ

ȥ;棬ҿǲϵȫ
˳ѽĽë˺ԼļʻλϣƫͷͿһĺ棬̾˿ֹȥԷϵðȫ
ԶԷͻȻĺܿ죬ֻöԷϵİš
㷢Ӻ󣬿ʵ
ʲô
¶ԷΪɵûи֡
棬ҽн档
ã棬ҰֺòãЦºͣڡ
治֪ʲô
Ǻؼ𣿡
зᣬƻĴˮûشԷ⣬ֻôʣ
ԣؼҡ
ԣʱ˷
ؼҡ
㿴ԷǹӣӦǼģȽ͵Լ⿪ŵĳԱ󣬱Ž˾֡
Լı¼ʱѾھֵĳ˯ˣ˯ú
㿴˰Σǿ뿪ˡ



6 ְҶ
ھתѣѾ۾Եɵɣ򴽣ʶذ·øЩ浭ŵİ㣬Ծع˹ǡ
Ц⣬ûʶԼֱˡ
Сãˣż͵Цỽ
ƲƲ죬һ㣬
㷴Ӧ
Ư
ʶ󣬽ոջ⣬ʱ˲ѹɴһ˫ĿؿǰΧԼļˡ
˭Ưأ
ףƺҪԴѰҰο
ŮòϾļĽһ˫Ƕδ֪ĺͼ־裬ҿ˿ҪҵԼӰ
Ȼʧġ
ʧ䣬ܿ죬Ĺĵصǰļˡ
ǲǰҴƯ߰ˣ
ԣǼ˶ʱЦˣǻǵһ˵ְ˵ġ
һžŮڰ
СãǾ֣ǿԴؼҵĵط
涨ؿŶԷ˶ûж⣬Ȼҡͷ
Ư˵˴һؼҡ
⸱ӣƸǰκһˡ
⺢ӣҳߵİɣһо˹һΪŽ棬ʶǻ˼ֶԺӵĴȰĿ⡣
죬ȻЩشԴ
ǰɡ
˼⸱ӣЦ˼ǸŮʡ
ʲô֣ǵü˵ĵ绰ɣ
洹ԴЩɥ
ǸƯٻشǵ⡣
ŮӦ
Сɣڻȥˣ
Ļϲس˳Է䣬ʵ
ˣ
ȻǻؼˡŮ
ؼҡ
ţίһ˫ʢˮҪ䲻䣬Ͱ͵ģ
Ϊʲôһؼҡ
Ҫˣ˶ʱˣһԼӵ޴С
СãҪԼļѽŮţȻʾͬĵ绰
ͬ»ȥ¼Ȼͨĵ绰洫Ůƣɤ
ι˭
С㣬ǾֵģģǸˣһֱ˵Ҫ
绰ͷĬƬ̣ȻЩεص
鷳ֻͬ˵
ڽǰͨ绰ֻݵǰ
ֻϤԭŵʪԼȹӡ
ǱߵĿվشǰĪЩۣҲ˼֡
档
Ĩ˰ᣬŴ
Ҷˣڶˡ
ŶԷεΪر˺һ䡣
Ļ˶٣һ˿ɻش΢Ĳ΢΢̧ͷڵҹգ׵¹ϣ·Ⱦһ͵ĹΡ
˼ȴ벻Լʲôʱ˶ԷΡ
ſڣŵ绰ͷСĳǷ
ҵĴ
ĵĵǸսֻǻЩ죬ƯǺܺ첻ˡ
ƺΪԼӣߺţؿڡ
֪ͺãҽӻؼҡ
˵ţƸ¶ԷӦһ㡣
ﻶ߶ţһ⣬ΡҲ⡣
绰ͷٴ˳Ĭ֪ǲܴӦɲ֪ΪΣԺ˫ǳЦԨΨһĹϧ
ߣε̾Ϣ󿪿ڡ
ֻղˣһͬ˵ġ
æͷܶԷ
ã㡣ͬǰֻݸŮ˵ġ
Цݲ˶һõϢǰٻҲҪǰȻʧɫ
⸱ӵļ죬ǶһֺӵĴȰ
˭ҵСôɰΧһš
ĿɰʶǶԱйоصۣȷʵֻǶԽ֮һݴʣЩ׵ĴﶼһĻ䡣
Ӧù˭ôһŮӣҳߡ
ͣӦҪ߿ˣѹ̫˰ɡһ̾Ϣš
˶ΪǽҳߵɣſȥҪһ¶Է
滹ںܼܿ˷У⼸˿˹ЦЦ
ҲΪЦǼ׼СͨͨţҪԼŮöãѾƫ˵ǣȫԼղҪʲôġ
ʲô
ƯҪһؼˣҿԸҽʲôˣҽн档
ʵ֮ǰ¼ʱᵽҲʻŽǸСģһξҲͦõġ
ǱͬͨŮֻε
ԲҲǵһμӣǲ֪Ϊʲôңǲ鵽ĸĸȥɡ
С㣬ЩϣôʳʲôŮ
ǰ͵߰ɡ
鷳ˡŮ˵ͷ
˵绰Ůͬ£ȻŶԽ
㵽СǱߡ
ڲ𣿡ЩʧذͷƵؿڣû˸ղźòײеĻ
˿ȥ㿪ڰο
һʲôȥ
ðɡƵشӦЩġ
СãôˣǲǶˣʲôԵ𣿡Ů˿ɫŹôýƶˡ
С¹
СڣΧýˡ
ˣ
¶һ˫۾ʧ
û𣿡żֿϧ
ӦļˣŹ
СῪЦ
Ʋֵģ£Լܼˡ
һĿ죬ߵҲ죬ֿܿʼҰο
ûû£Ưҿ϶Ҳġ
ˣԼǱ͵ġ
ʱ㣬˵绰㿴ֻĵϢ
׷ģһԼ
㿪ָͣ
ãֻ򵥵ػһ֣á
ţĸӦϵˣϢοֻҲ޷ҡԼĸ뷨
һ䣺û¡
ػ󣬱ֻӵһԣ۲Ĳ
ѧǻܾ˸ĸҪԺУϲСѧ˶ҽѧ
ǵãĸʱ˺ôĻƲҪŮˣǣǲȴû뵽תͷͿ˳ҽԺͳ꣬մЩطְò塣
֪*ںòϲĸĸ˵ѡ񣬱㲻жŹЩ˵ЩǲԸ顣
Ƚϣ˭ԼŮδҵϣһֺ٣һֺøٵĸ
㲻ϲţҲǻƿ
վڿյķŵƣҲһ٣ҲܾÿЩ
ͻȻ˽棬Էһһ·ǣһ㡣
Цһ΢΢ҡҡͷֻԼħˡ



7 ƭ
յһ꣬С
ţˮ͸޵Ļʢ꼻һ벻ʧӰ
ȣƫƫֳʪǳҲǸܵӡ
һͷëŮſڣˣȲ⣬Ʋ죬ü𣬵תͷδʱӣʱ
ˣæΪãЩˣһ£òסΣ۾ƣû˷Լĳ̬
װԵȹϲڵĻңתͷһ뵽ʲôر˽ȥ
˿ȣſζ
ҪȣͿǸСõЦܹ˷ܵؿڡ
ˣȥ
˵꣬ͷһף󣬲Ұ׵Ҳڵʡ

˿ӣֶ˽ڴĿ⣬ſڣվǲԸܾС
ҪҾ֪ǲǺˡ
ǰûлشԼΪǲԸԼȥ㣬ߵؿڣֻ˫ڵƹƯ۾ˣҲǰÿҾ޽С
˵꣬תҪԼ뿪
Ҫȥס棬ͬ¾ͳˣոյĶԻҲ˵㣬յĿȣԽ
ɻأСôļʲô֪ĻΪżȥ󡣡
ûǸһţ紵бʪȹڡ
Ƭ̣ȥˣֻĹĵģȻ뵽˶ԷղŵĻԴɻ
ʲôǶ󣿡
оԣµĿ͵ںǺ£ֽɾһ̧ͷͶ˽Ǻҿ֪񣬶ʱԼȾһŰֽ޿ˡ
ش˽⣬Цŵ
ϲˡ
õ˴𰸣΢вظŶԷĻţƬ̺Ѿת˶ԷĻЦ
ϲƯ㡣
Ļûе棬ȵ꽥СˣֻƮëëϸкŽϳ
һһ̵ؾܵ˳ϣҲԱ¡
ûȥԼĳҽԺֱӿȥڵС
ǵڶǰĺ棬ų⡣
ڵȺ̵ƣͰڳĴţָһˣ
ô͵͵ģ
˳ָŵķ˹ȥ·һſֵˣѼñµ۾űŰͬŮӡ
һ룬ŮӼе
С͵



8 ҵþ
Χ˶Ůӵļһ£رڳ￪˴Ľ档
üͷûС͵ʵ˼֪͵ֵ˼
ʱɫŴԽȺܵ÷ɿĴñˣ
Ǹˡ
̫ã˶Щ˷ܡ
СãȺúš
һ䣬ʹ򿪳Ÿͬ˳
ڵž淢Ŀŵ͵Ϊ޷̵ģ˵ơ
֪ǿԴԼҵ㣬ǳɵص˵ͷ
֪ˣǿ
Լڳģڳ̽ͷͷ˿ò̲ספ㣬óֻġ
мӱȽϴŮͬ߹Ƴһˣ˺Ž档
СãͷܺÿԸĸȾ𣿡
ͷ˵Ǳ˽ܲ˵İűȷۣͨɫţƤ;µ٣ÿּΪйУǰȾ֮ëӡ
ԣǼŮ۾صŽش
˿ÿˣϸûױƵã̫ÿˣŮĺͬ龪̾š
ǹΪʽͷ⣬Ҫۿ
ԽԽ濴ǵ飬Щɣشǵ⡣
ҳӵġ
ָһƷ˿üͷš
⼸ˣͷЩˡ
˽Ļش𣬼Ů۾ˣЩֱۣͬ
ǻûͷˡ
Ů˵꣬Ž㶵飬ʶǹðˣϿҵصǸ
ԲСã̫ÿˣǿ̫ŵˡ
滹ôشǵ⣬ǵĵǸЦݣĲã߹ҵ̫ƶǰʧɫֻڡ
ûµġ
ŮǿЦݣһ˲䵱Ȼļ£ԥһСĵͬʵ
ɲһĸգҲûµġ
Լ̫ðˣ֡
˼һ漴ŵֻʱһָǵֻʵ
԰𣿡
Ů˳ŽĿ⿴ȥԷԼֻֻֿһˣǵȼ̫Ҫ绰
Ȼɻ濴ŲСΪʲôûֻ£ڽʢ£󷽵İֻݸ˶Է
ԿԣҪ绰˶԰ɣ
㣬Цû죬ͷһػش
ţҵİ¡
ֻŮ㶣ֻѾˡ
ΪŮĵĵ㿪˵绰Ľ棬濿Ż䣬֮ǰھֻǴȥ󾲾صȴǱ߽绰
ŮǶ˽Ļһ͵͵š
Сøոǲ˵£Щȷ͵ųĽ档
ͬ顰˻ǲȱǮǧ𣬻᲻Ǽﶨף
С˵ˣҲֻô²š
ʱĵ绰ͨˣǱߴϤ
ιλ
С㱧ֻڣá
Ư㣬ңİ£ˡ
ԷĻشõ绰ͷ׼ŵ㶯һ٣ֻ˿ȷϲϵĺ룬ȴǽġ
ЩͷۣҲѶԷҪչľ񲡻ߣʶҲûзԷĻתº͵ʵ
ڵˣ
þȰڵĽû뵽Էˣ㲻òɣһϡ
һ뵽Էصȵ͹²˼
СġһãؿΧʵش
ΧöˣҲ֪ǲ·ˣ
ƺ󵽶Էɰӣ̲סЦһ漴룬
ѵ绰Ǹ˰ɣҸ˵
ҿ˿ֻһˣЩΪѵĿڡ
ȥץˣ
ԣüͷ˽˵ΧܶˣΪԷһվڽֵϣЩǣ侲ѯʡ
ֻ˭ģ
濴һǼ͵͵͵̸۵ļˣǳ˳ֺ󣬶
һˡ
㣺
ŶȻŽЩԹͨȴǼĵĿڡ
ֻ˼Ұɣȥͬ˼˵
˵ͷһǼˣǹ󣬰ֻݸ˽ֻǸŮ
ŮɻĽӹֻŵʱһº͵Ů
߶ˣ鷳𣿡
ŮƬ̺󣬲ź֪ؿڡ
ŶŶõģݷ·ǰһȵꡣ
պõ¥£ҵԼĳ˵绰Ļش𣬴򿪳ŵض˶٣üͷ
òǼŵģǸ˵ϼŴӼĵط
ţ鷳תԭصŲҪҺܿͻȥ
ŮȻþܾ˵绰ʵԽתĻ
滹ںܼܿ˷УԹڳš
ŮûҪգŵһ飬ҲˬĴӦˡ
գͬҲˣŵĻǸٵˣ˵ϴ⣬ԵǱ
߶˼ŮӣЦʵ
ʶ𣿡
ǻǺҵ˵ģϾ˭ҵĺҳ˿϶ˡ
Ůӿ˾ˣʶǵݣֵ
ʶŹȾͷš
λͬҲǵͷ±Ҫ˽档
˵ͷԽ
ǰɣ㵽СǱߡ
汻ͬ°ŴñȥȻýߡ
߹ȥ򿪳ţʱĻĿҡͷ
УƯ˵Ҫ
Ժɻ󣬵ϳЩΪѣŽӣ̲סԷãֻӵ
㲻һֱҪСڹȥаͷ͵ˡ
˵˵涼ǼҡͷǸֻŮ̲סˣСؾ֣Կõķһš
Ǹոһ绰Ǳһš
һӾ뵽ǽĵ绰ڶԷԣЩΣֻͬȰٷͻؾ֣ԼŽš
ضڵϣ˸Ӱڵ̫ĵطʮֿĵ̲ȡ
Ưʲôʱ
涢·ˣ˽յĵʮһ顣
޷ֻܼشš
ܿ͵ˡ
һʵʮʱԶʻһϤĳܺãһ룬Ϳ˳ˡ
ڵһվд˷ܣ
Ưˡ
˵䣬Ӧע⵽ǰ߽۵ķɫѳͣ·ߺ³
Ϊǰķ±汧Ų֣㻻һɫĳ£ɢĳƾ˷ͣ΢ŲһĻȣÿü򴽼䶹ɳɫĿںԵ˶ᵽ崺Ϣ
档㿴ǱߵˣһԷ
ܹȥ˽ԷĻߡ
ҵþá
㲢ųԷŶԷĻԾر̧ԷԴ
˰ɣȴȥϢ
ʱһӰ˽档
ؿŶԼͷĽëĵƿƲƲ
̫ˣҪѹˡ
˹㿴󣬵ͷʾ⣬
ﾯ١



9 Ҫ״
ڶŽëһɰŮӣŹβǶСĽ
˵ˣ㲻Ҫ赲ҺƯױ֪һҪо֪𣿡
ĻʶΧˣƫͷָ΢Ŵ䣬ڵؿөĶһ㵭ۡ
档
˽ĻöԷɻؿ˹
¶Цݣʵ
Ưôˣ
ҡҡͷ˽ĽëƬ̣󿴲ȥˣŹȥӽԽ
۸ˡ
ΪԩĽʱԼ۾Ǻӵʢί
û۸ڸ
͹
㱻˫۾ţʱ˳ŶԷĻ
ã˵ˡ
˵ͷίһɨٴӯЦ⣬ƽůůġ
ƺΪ֤Լȷʵû۸ëһѰһԼͬߵĹڻǱһֻ͵һ㡣
ֻ㰫ͷòӼΪСڽѽëڻʱʱ£ǰҪ֡
̫ˣ
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ġ
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ģҿԱŵģ۸ˡ
˵꣬Ц¶Сʮֿɰ
Ľëȴܣвһʵ⣬ʶһװҡβ͡
ǵӣҲýѹֻǼ򵥵Ķ˼öԷԼĳȴ
ǵĻüǵѽ氲ٺ֮˲ŵһԣʵ
С㵱治ʶŮӣ
̧üģͷܿ϶ؿڡ
ʱǣһֻҵĵҵһοһȥҲʹˣȷʵûôһˡ
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ͬסգǾҵļˣԼ뿪ӦҲܺ¡
뿪ĳ̽˽ԴƲƲ죬Ǻܸ˵Ŀڡ
ˣ㲻Ҫҡ
ԣЩЦ濴ĲˣҲûЦӿ
棬ѵ㲻ؼ𣿡
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ҲȥҪҼ޸һˡ
ԣЩ죬û뵽Ϊԭܳġ
ǵýǰ˵Լɽ
ʱ뵽һֿܣ汻һͽϴˡ
ŽӣͻȻЩۣûټ⣬ǳһ⡣
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㲻ʻãһʣԼĶӣƲŴί
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ЩۣԷԴº͡
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㲻ԣȴЦŵͷ
Ժǽְɣ㡭
Ļδ˵꣬оԼһʲôĶ˼롣
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յ˵ͷĽë͹Ҫߡ
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һֻ˵ȨĻȴֿʼڣȴ޷ֹڡ
εЦЦý˳Ƶһߴ򿪳Žȥȴʱһ
㣿
ϤͷʱŴӶԷòϱϳˣǽŵļĶ
ɻؿ㣬üЩͷĿڡ
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òӢüۼżֲַǼ﹫˾ļ̳ˣֻǸӡ
Ϊģſⰲ˽յס
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Ƭ̣òĿڡ
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û뵽Լᱻܾһ£ڵǲ졣
ҵʱҲܼ벻Ҫ˷ҵʱ䣬ʹôһÿҪҽ黹ǲ˵㣬ҪǼǿҪҽ϶Ͳˡ
ıͣ鲻䣬ɫȴ˼֣ڡ
ȣҽղһģǲԸȻҲΣҲûͬ޸㡣
ƽȴΪĲ棬ԱΪԷڷɫȴһһףſڣַԼȻԶԣֻܵŶԷԼ˸̨ס
ڽȥɡ
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ԵɫʱȥҲֻĬϳԱÿ·
ʱĽַ˳һ˫Ư۾ԣﻹһֻë͵
ԣ
òȴǳɹԵעЦ⣬Ҫѯʽ棬治Ǻܸ˵ڡ
ոǲǵҼˡ
ûлش⣬һüζĿڡ
㣬ǴĹĺӣֿɰȤġ
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ⲻġ
ȴ㻰ĮתͷŽ¶һΪѺõЦݣ
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Ŀ俴ƹȥ򿪳ţȴʱ汧Žëһܵŵӣָԣͬ
ô˵
ϽëҲԵ˼·ҪŵĽ档
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㣬ѵû۹⡣
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û۹⣬㿴Ұ𣿡
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ģ㣬ΪӱףȻһŮң㵱ΪҲ˵ȥ
һ˲ָܿԾòЦЦҲûзϽĻ
㡣
ԼЦŵӺɰ˵ĻȴһԳ׺
Ҫ״ѽ
ҲǴ壬ҲŶʮ壡Ҳ󣡡
ͻȻߵȻ󺰳Χ˶ؿ˹ͬͬš
ʶԼתԼĳٶһȡ裬ųܿﳤȥ
ĺ𣿡
һ˷ܵؿ㣬۾ģѰı
㿴ӣĵ׵ķ˴룬ʹ֪Ϊһ֣ͨԼܻᱻĸҹ˶ԷͷЦŵ
úܺá
õ˱ĽѱŵĽëŻغλϣ
㳤ˣҪѧһֻ
״̲סЦԽ
˰ɣҴȥԵ㶫



10 ͬ
ûŽȥԶԼͱл˳ҽԺֻܴ֮ŽȻسҽԺš
˿й˵Ǽ˸ˣΪԷ˶ˣ
սţϤǰ̨Цӭ
ϰæȵϢɡ
˿۾ҿ˿ûп˵Ǹˣ˷Ļüͷ
ϰ˵˸ˣ˭չˡ
ΪæҲȷʵôͬ˿˵ã˿ȴǿѼİʿߡ
Ǹģɲǣ
Ļһ£漴룬ȷ˵һ˹չ˽档
ҲϢҡ
û˵꣬˿ڵ߹ȥ
ӣЩɸ˿չ˵ĻҪɱ˵ģۿ˿Ҫˣæ׷ȥ
С㣬ŵˡ
ŷĻ˿Խ˸ǹʲôԻߵ
ҵҪʲôġ
ÿɰСá
ϵĽ棬Լı̲裬ػԼȣϵȹӻһµޡ
˿̧ɫͫ׻δɢЦ⣬ֻĴëǽĵĽС
˿װ׺ʧЦӣȥһ±Ƶ˱ס˻ûзӦʱ˰ѶԷ
汻ϵˮζǺһ£عƿš
Ůˣſҡ
˿Ȼһ½̾һָк󣬵
СãҿɲǻˣȻ㿴ʲôŽлˡ
˵ţƲĽëƫͷԷѯʵ
ģ
ָָ˿ڻĽ棬Щεص

˿۱ԼģĽ棬ǾԷһɰֻеࡣ
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˿ԣЩ
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һۣٴο˵һ顣
Ů˾̬
ǰͷҪֻ֪İ²飬Ƕɧš
˵꣬ԽԽĽ棬ȸ˿ڣֱƿ˸˿ոû˿ҲܸܵСһ֪⿴ССһֻŮ󵽰ƳȥԶ
˿˼ϸĸ߸Ьһûվȵ˵ϣ˰ΣֱŤ˵ʹһʹĽл
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ȥȥȥĶУҽźþͿԡ
÷ָ·ǰ棬ֻʣһлĸ˿һձĽ档
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Ÿ˿³˿˵ĸ߸Ьʹ
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һлֻǽŤˣ򺰳ףҪ˵䣬һϽ޹۾˵Ļֻʣһ䲻صĽ
һŤˣҪô
һ仰øջ뺰۵ĸ˿Ĭһ¡
æͷָŸ˿
е̫ʹˣҪĽκá
ʵ֤˰뱲ӵˣҽһġ
۲˸˿Ť˵Ľ׼ۣӵĹ䣬ڸ˿ûзӦʱһꡱɵ
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˿ӻûӦ˶ףͷԼĽѾˡ
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óֻҪǸͷĵذ˰֣еĲߣ
ҪǮҪǮǸ˳ֵ¡
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һָһǱߵǽϺͮͮһƬĽ죬ʲô٢ֻشӶ࣬мľȻĺ׽ֵġţơҲ֪ĸ͵ġ
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ĺһӾ͸ѽκˡ
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Цűֱۣ˶㣬Ҳûнƿ
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Ѿ˵ĸ˿ˣĿǵתת΢У֪Щʲô
㣬ҲҪȥҡ
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㲻ûȥ𣿡
˿νʼ磬һĳЦЦüΪҪʲôæ͵
㲻˵ǸԻȥ״ڼ϶취ץȥڳĻǿ϶һ㡣
˵оݣҲ˵ʲô
˿˳ưѽһԣС
ֻһͷҹȥĻԺ˯һ䡣
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ǰ£Ҫ˯һŴġ
ôɰһ˵ôֱ׵Ļø˿ֽ̻СӵĸС
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ܹȥٴαס֣ͷ
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ΪպõԱ˿İõ˺㿪ѾԼ˳ؼҡ
˿˽ղŵĻüԼ⼸ʲôýͬһں档
ֻ˿Խ
ͬô죿
ǰûпˣ㻹ﰲס



11 ϲҪ
˿⣬ҡͷҪԹԼ˵㻵Ҳѹ˵Ļ
ҶΣҿǵļҡ
㶪ȥˣ˿ɻôҲû鵽ΣΪǽ˵ġ
û뵽ָͷϸ
һɽһʲô
˵ţЩίȻƭԼļңһֻʣһˡ
Ļĸ˿ʱЩ죬ֿüͷίӣʱһֺ۸ļӸУǿ˲ȼ
˿˼ǰʻϵ㣬Ѿ϶㹼˼ң˼ҶĽҰ⡣
ˡ˿Ľļ򱧲ƽ
ÿϲûпԷַ߷߲ƽ̧Ц
˿
һ˲䣬Ժ˼ʮֵġ㰮ңҲ㡱׾飬ؼǻĺѡ
ǰ濪ųܵȵߣüͷ΢΢𣬵û˵ʲô
²أ˿ѾױƫˣҲ˿ûйԼĹۣôûٽи˿ˡˡ
˿棬˳Ҳܰ㱻ȥ׵ˣصشյĶߣ
ǲҲǸľͷ
룬ͬĵͷ
ȻᣬǿӲϲֻп߶Դһȡֵĺһ顣
ǺˣѾˣ
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Ҹ˵ϲҪģһˡ
Ҫüͷͷָ˼ɻ
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΢΢˴ЦԽ
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Ҫ֪ҸģȻΪͶȡɡ
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沢Ǻ£ҪҸɿ㣬ԸԳŵԷϵ˿ĽǶȹ˹żֽžǼŵġš
˿ûۿˣεﷴŹ⣬۾δⶼῴˡ
ʱĵһǣ̩ϵ̣к
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㲻֪ʲôܵһһʵˣͷһֶԷԼЦ
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澫µޣʹЦɵɵģҲ˿ĺÿĵĸǿɰҪȥ
׵ͷֵʱȻһæƿ˽棬ɿԷãȻٴ
ֻҪ棬ͻ᲻ԾҪȥǺͶԷϵϣҪϿ
˼ˣɫ˱䣬˿Ҳ
ôˣ
ҡͷһίĽ˻糣
û£Щ
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ӦһЩĲɡ
̽ĶͷӴƤûе̣ɻ
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Ƿգǡ˶٣û˵ȥ
˵ΪҪ׶ԷͷԽԽԼͻѽŵ
˵䣬Ѿͣ¿ţǣŽȥˣĸ˿żıӰ²۵
֪ǼڲҰɡ
Թ˼󣬱ǡ
סĹԢһȻȲϼķӣҲ㹻һ˾ס
ƽҲֻһ˿Ȼڻһ棬Ƿ϶ǲģ˿˿ǰҪ˿ͷڽҲֻͬסԡ
ź󣬾²Ĵ˿Žȥķ䡣
ķԼоϵ㣬ýϲ
ķˣǽҪ˯һˡ˿ָŴԽƴѹԼﵽǡ
ţ⡰ϲʲôӦ̲סЦ
˿ڽ˵˼䣬ѽ˵ϺΡ
ϲ𣿡
Ȼţȴ˷ܼš
Ǳߵ򿪱俴ۣϸһ¿ʲô˺󣬶Խ
ʲôɿ𣿡
澾Լȹⲽߣ۾ŶԷЦøã
Եġ
㿴ŶԷȻЦúܺÿϿɵĺΣ֪ĻΪҪʲô



12 
ڽԸµĽϴˣСİˮͷš㱻ˮˡ
㱻һˮ󣬸æˮϣű˼ﱻ͵Ĳ״
˿Ҳ˽ƻæѽƸ㣬Լȥ绰ҹ˹ޡ
һķ˴ӣŵصͷűˮͷƯ۾С͵͵㡣
ʱűˮͷϵˮ٣ɫĳʪڼϣʪյȹˮ±Сȥġ
㱻˫۾ûƢεš·ϵˮڣƽż˵ζ
ûй㣬ʧˣҲûһˡ
˭˶ţ˭һɰŮӣˮͷһ
ûΪҵĲĽһʧ˽ĻװһµӣĿڡ
ոնŵˣÿ¡
Щ壬ӽ˽ڷԼҪ׽ͷٴЩˣĻԥƬֻ̣Ƿ˶Էϸϣº͵ؿڡ
ûµġ
֪ûйԼĽ棬˶øˣ
вУҪײܺá
㱻ĻǺ˼£Щŵؿ棬ֶԷؿ鲻˵ġ
Ǳ߸մ绰ĸ˿Ѱ˼ȿˮʣȴĻδȥˮǺ͵Ŀðβŵɴ۾Ž档
㿴˿ĸ˿ˮĴҿǲǱߵˡ
˿ǵԼֻýûнЩԷӣʦͨġ
о汧شֻܼװ⡣
Щˣȷſ
ԼûиֻûеǿҵϢкڶԷؿϣǻµ಻ɵЦ̧
ң֪ġܸܵƭҡ
ǰ˳۽޴žӨ˫ӳһ龫ϸıʯƲǧǳֶӳӰ
ǹһ㣬ϧָ⹴ˣҲ޷ԼЩֻܼ࣬ǿװ򶨣ٴ⣬
·ʪˣðģȴȥ·
ŴЩģ漴ڶԷĴһڣЦòã
˵׾ͺˡ
ͻȻѵˮǰŴҲϾգȻסӿհ׵Щز
˿״һαˮǺ
ʱǷſ㣬仹ԭأٴοԷʵ
㲻ϲ𣿡
Ƭ̣Ž棬ǲľֻܾǿԼӵǿҵĸоº͵ЦڣȴûشĻ
Ҵȥ·
ֻΪֻΪһĺӣںѣҲûе档
š
ԭĽߵߣס˶Էȵֵֻ֣ܵĽӲ淴֮ʮָһ
һʱ䣬оط·ϡ
Ž浽Լķ󣬽˳ֹţֻĸ˿һæܹȥź
㣬Ҳǹģˡ
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ԣ˿ŷֻصɳϼŰԵĲˡ
㷭һ˯£Խ
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ȰｪۺһſӣΪظ㣬ȴû뵽ͻȻסֱۣ۾ģڴƵĿȴǿ
Ư㣬㻻·
ʱŴӶԷ۵׵ĽﷴӦ沢ǲᴩ·
ϵʪ͸ɴ⣬Էĵطȴ΢΢̣͸ϴ
΢۵嫵Ǻӣȴ޷µ
ڽΪͬʱͳ⣬šءһ죬żڸԼ顣
Žյķţվ͵ĸ˿վš
ʲôʲô˿
Ȼûܹɫ㲻Ϻá
ͻ·شû˵ԼҪ㻻·
ڽ֪ǿһܵģ˯Ҳ·С¡
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˿Сˣʱˣͻİ
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տţһֻȻ²ȵ˵ϣһӸˤ£ֱʲôſֻë
㣬ʲôʱֻôĹԣôô죿
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ȸ˿죬˹
ģ̫ˡë˿ȻܸˣϲԸ˿ֻýŪ
ǣҼġ
ش˺ֱӰѽëСκ;޴ĽëγĶԱȡ
˿һοһľվ󣬵ǵص
⹷̫ˣ
ʱ㻻·˳ɫһ糣һǱ߱ŹĽ棬
˰Ĺˣȥɡ
ƽͷ·ڷʲôûзһ㡣
ëõĽɽ汧š
ԣ˿ǹղž죬ǳȷˣȥŹǿԼ
ⲻҳֻ𣿳ʲôô׳
ëϳЩ飬Ҫͷαܲˣ䱻ű𲻹ȥ
ԣϸȷʵܴǱ׳￴һӰӡ
ѹˣ˿䣬֪Ĺܵ
ߵߣѾһ׼Ҿӷ˿ӵᡣ
ģʵ
ѡ
Ϊʱɽֻһ˿ֻõĶպöҡβ͵ʲôǰ·ĵù
ιĲһֻҳߣ˿
ëؽ˼Դֱ
ָ
Ҽʱ˵Ҫ
뿪ůСѣΪ˴
˿ûеһʱ˼Ϊʲôһ£ü
Եͦ׳ġ
濴ͻȻħһµĸ˿ΪĬ˼󣬳˳䣬С
˵ԼûҲżġ
ĻΪ֤Լ͵ˣص͡
㿴ֿԼĽ棬ûټƽڷｪΪĴ㣬Ҳûгر泶ŵ䣬ԽЦЦ
֪档
С˿Ǹ֣ҳҲó



13 ٷÿ
ѵӴ򿪺öԷڿɳϣȱŶš
˿վһԿԽϸ˵ʲô̻ὪôƵ󣬵Ϸʲô硣
ʾһ㣬ָָͷ
㿴˿Դ󣬵˵㣬תͷԽ
ţǰĲ輸֭˾ȣȻ˲Ҫҹ
޾ϸĶţ½汻ˣˮС¶Ҫǳװѽ浱ˡ
˵꣬ŷӦڷǸĻСƭӡ
ͻȻĬһ˲汧Žë˳ë۵¶ãȻ˵һͷ
֪Щ
ƯոպɵӶԴˣɵܴģ֪ܸİ˿š
˼ˣһЦ°͵ڽëͷϣƲƲ죬ʵ
ҪȥʲôҸոտˡ
Ư۾ӳģʱŵļֲõռ
ָǸ˿ղʾĶüͷڽͣ
ҪһЩ飬Ҳûжۡ
Ǳߵĸ˿ԭΪҳĹˣ׽ˣƵغˮ˳顣
ȴû뵽Լᱻôһñӣûȥˮ̲ס˳΢΢˼ߵˮգ̧żΪԼ͡
ôҵģСãϲҪ֪ôװ׵ġ
˵ĽͣŰɵءŶһø˿ûط֤˵ʲôʱʾͷ
汧ŹתŽЦ⣬
ǲܹš
˿ƽȥԽҪȥֻεص
֪ˣǸڡ
û뵽ԼĻȻýʦ˼һͷ
㣬ҵȷԵǵڡҲųꡣ
һ佪û˵ǱߵǸ˫˫Ĭ
뵱ǵڡ
űЩΣϽƯʹϾ۾׻
ȥɡ㵭˵ҪʱĻһ٣÷žôš
˿ô簮棬Ȼû˵ʲôʱǺò׵õ˻ǰûлᣬֱӿżɽ㡣
ô£˼һ޸֮Сﶪɽڶλã;
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֪˸˿ʲô֪ΪʲôԱ˵Ρ
ڶ⣬ǵһʲô˼*ȷԼδɽǽԼں˵˵ˡ
˼ˣҲЩͷۣεҡҡͷԸ˿
ˣֻ񵽹һΣûаӽɽȥɽֻвǰһΣʱҲڣҴɽټһ˳
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뵽⣬潾ذ̵ϸߣ㿪ʱżֵ⡣
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̸֮˾һû˼Ϊʲôôãֻ뵽˵˼ҵ˵ô໰ЩΡ
ȷӦԶ˽䡰ͬĻ˽۾ԾãԼЩ̣ɫ䣬ڣʹ֪ԷüЩ
֪㲻ǺڻֻشһΪֻöһһġ
سЦЦż־ؿڵ
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֪֪ˣڡ˿֪涼ˣѾʼˡ
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㿴ó˿Ļˣǲǲá
΢΢ҡͷҲΪʱ񾭲
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ڽ˯źˣŴ˯Ӱӱߵűߡ
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΢΢ͷԷ˲䣬ˣɵץס죬ȶԷϴԼսſڡ
ֺȾˣ
Ǻȵˣû滰ġ֡֡
š
󣬱ĲӰ˱ѹԼϣ˯ʣЩģģĿڡ
ˣٷÿˡ֪ÿκȾƶ˷¡
˵꣬˯˹ȥ
ܵȵϢڵĽ˽ӣҪѶԷְǿֻǳɹýֱϣûзſ
߽ʲôҲԽؽЩΣֻŶԷôԼ˯ԼǺ庢һŶԷĺ󱳡
õԡ¶㣬ƻζȴĪеķ궼ʧһ㣬еİġ
㿴ǰգԾҪָ̧ȥ˶Լ汧ġ
㣺



14 ǲȥ
峿͸ڴ˯ϣ۵Ĺý治Сĳ˵ɿȥԼ۾˼ż
ԺԼ۾ڴ۵գ˼۾Ӧ˺˸
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㣡
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ԺܺһܣͺԼһϡаƤ̵İ£һ뵽̲ס˸æӡ
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ĸĲϲǸԣԼǸӣֲУѵ˴һӵĽ𣿡
ϼŶһ˾һΪ룡ݸǷģֻ֪ǶԼġ
ݼǰ·ңò׼ȦӣǵױȲЩõˣԱеİϣԼŮϡ
ǺǶŸɣѧȴ͵͵ҽͣԸڹѧҲԸͷ
ΪԼ档㵭ڣĴûʵĻԡ
ݸٴαǻһڡ
үӵ磬ȥǸ
Ҳȥġ
ݸȻվͷڡ
㲻ȥҲȥȻĳҽԺҲ뿪ȥ



15 
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˿üͷ
㵱ΪӦǣȻͽ֤Ǹڻô죿
㻹δ˵Ǳ߰ŵĽ֣
ҲǺڻ
ʱͲҪˡ˿ε
˼Ƭ̣⣬̾Ϣ
ҺȥգȻҸ㷢Ϣ
˿ԣ㲻ƿЦӣҲûȰĴ㡣
뿪㱾ǴҼһţ涫ʣʳĽպ󣬾ôҪ鲻㣬ȥԼȹӡ
ҪܾűԼͻȻԼ˯µ˶ʱԥƬ̣ǴӦ˽Ҫ
ǰ棬ڷĽֵϻڼƻȥŵ㿴ıӰҡķëĬ˰Σס˽֣
ͷ
ԭԼ˷Уɵһ󣬻ΪԷҲϲԼͷɫʱ˳ư˶ԷֱۣǣЩؿڡ
Ưǲǣ֮ǰ˹ңǳ
˵ţΪǸеź
ָһƷ˿䲻òϷɫ͹󶼺ܺãǡ
ܺÿǵȻȥյʱӦǲеġ
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Ĳ𣿡
ӣʱЩˣ
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ոҿˣֻǼÿ
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һطԱǸСǺòǰѯʡ
λѡɴ𣿡
ԣȻ񣬿ſڣ桰ɴꡱָסˡ
ǲǣǼȹӵġ
˵ţָ͸չ̨ϵĻɴ
ɫ̨ɫĻɴеĸǴϾ˿ȹڵ׺ķ˼ŮƤ
Ա˳ָŵķ򿴹ȥƬ̣Ծò΢Цŵ
۹⣬ǵ֮ǡһλҪԴ
ҡ˳صڴؿ㡣
վſڵλãЩԥϽ۾εЦЦԵԱͷ
԰ɡ
ԱԽ
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滶ߣһ߽ɴ㣬ΧƯĻɴĪظеЩ㱡
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ȵԱȥˣΧһжеĽ󿴿
ҲûǰԥЦſĶ
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ԣüͷ΢ſڸҪ˵ʲôʱ¼Ľί̽˸ͷߴſǻ
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ʱҲԼΪʲôҪŶԷԻɴֻǳȥգ;Ӧ˶Է·ѡ
̾ϢԵԱЩǸؿڡ
ǸǺϲԼȥɡ
ԱҲǵһȻҪæҲֵڣͷʾ⡣
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ƫͷգգ۾û˵ʲôͷͱǿ˻ȥ
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ȻýרģĲרĵȴԼ
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ĵȴǼⴥ˶Է֣ŵ˶Էϵµ㡣
汻ֹ˺ĻΪԷţץŶԷŶԷ
ҿԸ㿴ġ
ѾķӦ³ˣԷʱԼԷ˵ɾҲֻǲһ˲䣬ܿˡ
ŽżӣĪҪԷЦ⣬װΣ
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㿴ıŵˣջԼֺЦЦ룬ÿڡ
ںˣᱻֵġ
ԣŷĲ*ӣϱڡ
ҵܣ֪˾Ͳܸ߱ˡ
˵һǵܡ



16 Ѱ˹
׵ĵƹ£㿴ķ˿͸žӨ
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ף˭Ѱ˹ô󣿻峤һءŹϻŵķɫˣüֹŰѹӽͰ



17 ෢֮ǰ
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߹ȥ㣬ǸӺúش𣬱˼Ƭ̣󹴴һЦ΢΢һЦ߹㣬˸Žϸÿ׼ȷָһ
ҵġ
ȸԾܽ˸Ⱦһ㣬˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
ԣǸס˰ΣֱһŮ߹ѽӰ󣬶Ǹ
ԲסЩƤϲˡ
ƽ˵ʱҲ˼º͵Ц⡣
㽫Щҵķ˿𵽶֮ϢǸӲ֪룬˸Ǹ֮Ҵ뿪ˡ
òͷ̫ˣվһְۣڳ̸Ц˵ĿⶼٵƳߡ
㵹ǹ⣬ԶȺݸˣҪȥ˰ס˽Ųֻܺݺݵһۡ
̫˿ˣҸ̽ĿǣýЩΪǷԼݣҪȥоԺоһץסֱۣü
㣬ǿŲˡ
˵ţҪҪЩ˶ɱˡ
ţҧ˿㣬ҡҡͷµ뷨
вУᱻᡣ
㿴ЩӣΪЩˣٵĵطԷ
Ǹ뿪˽ңߣһεؿڡ
ܣֻʳǽ档
桭
֣ң΢и߽űġ
һǳȷˣǸܳ峤
̧Ǳǵˣ΢У۵ײ֪Щʲôû˵֣˰Ǹ뿪
˿С㡣
ңڽס·ĸ˿ԴԵü۴Ц⡣
Ļ𣿡
˿ҲôʶңԷ˵ϿңԼҲþܾ
үȻѾʮͣӹɽʣ̬Դϡ
ǣ˶öġ
үӳʱԼӣһŵӡ
˵ĿУ⽫˹
ϾǳοԼֳվڶԷߣҲ˿ڸֻܴſ΢Ц˹ȥ
¶ıɫȹľͶ㶼ĵö˼ţҲ˲Ŀ
ү㽡ʡòڡ
ʼǣŽ棬үӿߵ˺Ҳһ˿֮ɫ
ҵˣ۾ˣĿʮָյʱ۵ײ֪ʲôܿϺƵЦ⣬
ϿδýЩ˰
ǫˡ
̬ȣүӱеҲʱ
СţǰʱҲˣǲǵˡ
üڡ
үү
û˵꣬ͱүĴϡ
Сˣ㻹ʲôģǲҪϹͷģ
Աѵر죬۾ȴԾɲĵǡ
ȻҪ㶩Ľ棬ʱըˣƲƲ죬ڵ
ͷں˵˵ʲôôܺͱ˶飿
Ķ˭ܸ
˼ˣ°ͣĿǡ
ԭｻĿǣüС
ռôˣүӵڣҲδ˸˵
ĻüͷݺϾǸµĺӣҲֻǺǺЦ
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Ҫ֡
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ȻӦˣǾԼû˵ͷ˶飬ݵֽ˽һ˫Ưɫ۾Ϊ׺ݵǡ
үӣôе
ǿֲʧò΢Ц潪Ǹ
ǶԲղŵ³çǸֻ̫ˡ
㶼ô˵үҲúСƽʲô֡ǺǡЦ
ѣô˵ҲҪӵģ㼴ҲǸ⼤ء

滹˵ʲôľͱҪٵˡ
Σ*˵Ŀһαϣֻίίصͷָ
ǵĶ䶼͸ǣرĿ⣬ò񻰡
һԵ˽Ƭ̣ĿȻүòЦЦ
ҼûδнĴ㣬»ǹɡ
Ҳܾʱ򲢲ʣֻί˵š
үôûʽѣһͶˣǲܸ㶨ݼҵպضԪˡ
үӱ΢΢ϻǵװƵӡ
ҲЩҲϴСˡ
ĻòЦûб仯ڿᣬʵ顣
˼үӣԶвĵطʵѾˣǺԵ޷ˡ
˼Ҷж󣬸ոҶҪ˵ˣ㡭Թ˿ЦߣֲҶүҷƢ
նЩʱ֪ˣҲĳȫǡɾܾ
ò΢ЦţԵʱĿļУ˶óǵĹϵ
ԣҽˣҵġ
վʾȨѰĺ챾ó԰ڽСģƫƫ˺޲
ڲռҵסˣƬ̣ü
ô
ȴûйĽʲôֻǳĬͷ
±ۼ˷ֲԾְѺ챾ڳѾ˿ˡ
ڳ¸ȦûҲûôĵӣο֤ˡ
ԽȴһȻ㵱гǵĹϵǰеĹأǲһˡ
뵽⣬濿ڶԷļЦЩɵ
ԿǸ챾ӣɫֱ䣬û˵ʲôǿЦ
ȻҪףǵġ
Щ첻ţ˵ͷƽ̹Ȼڣǿ
Ҳϲˡ
ϲҡЦſڣ⡣
ܿʹⱬըϢлعûҪԵ˼ֻǵصͷүӿڡ
úԵҲ޷ˣ벻Ҫǿˡ
үʱҲ÷ֻƤЦⲻЦؿڡ
ȻȻ
վڱĽңǱߵĶʱȻ˹ȥ۵׵˲ֱӣ˿ڱеģӳ
˿ɻĿ⿴ٴλָЦ
˿С㣬Сѣͬ𣿡
룬ֲһ䡣
ǸͷǸҲͦȤġ
ԣ˿üͷ΢
㲻ֻʶǸˣ㻹ǲҪ˰ɡ
Ļң˽棬Ͼ˼ҴӸղŵڣܾйҪǢ̸Ŀˡ
˿Ϊ˺ѵһϷ±ƻˣƵؿԷ
ëǸԡ



19 ϲ
ңû뵽˿ô裬һ֪Էʲô
˿СòˣûҪᵶᰮĴ㣬Ҳû˼ȥһӣǿЩһλݼҵĺӣԲʡ
ңڣЦ˵ǵǼݵĺӣȴżֵĮ˸оԸȷϣҲԾܾ
ԣ˿һɻ
ȷݼҺҳ𣿡
ң΢΢Цţ
ȷҪ
˿ЩԥңҲˣ
ΪСѣӦǲȷ֮ɢǣԷģȷʱҲ뿪
˿˰֣ѽң󣬹۲һˣڶԷĿڡ
Ҳˣ֤ʵǼٵġ
˿Ļң΢΢˱䣬ָܿȻ
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Сġ
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ѵ𣬸˿ڻعڶԷŵԷϵҾưŨҡ
˿еӡˡ
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ң˵꣬ɿ˶ԷǿЦݣ·ղʲôûз
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˿룬ѾˣˬӦ
ԣӦǲٴȥˣҵȻǸй
ллԷң΢Цŵͷ
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ңٴſڣý

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дӦŶԷŲȷʵŤŲŹȥһʺһܵı顣
㿴ӣץסֱۣЩǵؿڡ
𣿡
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ԣ˲Щ̣뵽ʲôæڡ
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ʱ۾תҪ򿪳ţ
Ҫ˽
ûгɹΪңϳʱ˳š
ʵڴ󣬼ѳֳˡ
ңһડתͷĬؿűŪĵطֿЩйĽ棬οڡ
Żģҿûϵڻܸһ𡣡
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𣿡
ңͷٴĿؿ棬
ɵʵң֤ô£
ͷָĿ⣬С
ͺ֤ˣ˵֤ͽˡ
ƺصҪǿһ䣬ϧŶԷ۾˵
֪Լϲ𣿡ңȴû˵Ž֤Ǽٵġ
ңûԼĴ㣬ҲˣЦؿڡ
ϲÿô㡣
ֵʡңؿڡ
һʼңҲΪע⵽ҲöԷѧרҵԼҪģŻԶԷ롣
ǻϲЩڡ
ңӣԼûа취˵ֻܵ
Ժ֪ˡ
ףǶ԰ɣ
ңԶ
ڵǾԲףǣȲ˵⣬һ춯ҲŻῼһףǡ
˵úʵ沢⣬
㲻ˡ



20 Ҳǲ
ڵĽ𣿡
˿Ŵӽ˽ңĳʼһֱĬ㡣
ԣźۼؿһ۽ңĳȴ޷ˣֻԼνӣһĨƽЦ⣬
ôܣǼ˼棬һסһ졣
˿Ƭ̣Ļһ
ˣΪΪһ**иˣ˵Ǹ浽ʲô
ڸ˿ͻ⣬΢۵׵˿
ˡ
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ǡ
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ҲǣӾͲ㡣
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ûĻֻǵͷ֪ʲô
˲֪ãű򿪵
̧˹ȥȴֻһӰһĨɫôӵԼ
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˵Сš
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21 ҵ
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ЩȰһ½棬Ҳ˴ŵԭί
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˵꣬Ǽģ˺ŵǰ̨Ĺ̨ϣš
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ҵĵ꣬ұľǵĸ⳥һֲ٣ǽȥˣҲʦǣֱǰҵʧ⳥ꡣ
Сåûʲô飬˸ǮǲŸô£ǣһµһʺһ˶˼ɵһ棬ŸǮϢˡ
ǽҲ˵ϰǸŮģΪǸӿȴû뵽Ӳ硣
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вȺڣߣ
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˿ûǣ֮ǰ˵ǣԼǣҹģĿȷĺܣ͵˾ҲҪܻߡ
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ҵȻ֪ġ
˿⻰û˵ʲô
ͷüڡ
ôܹġɽ·ˣų
ԣ˿ֳĬˣЩ
Ѳɽԭͼ˽˷ɻ·Ϸһ֮µĽͱŽɡʼҳߵļƻȻ䵽˴
˿ԽԽף㶵ý滳ɶԷɵˣԴ󷢴ȱذַڶԷǰ˻Σ
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֪ԷڹǣϾĸףҪѯһµ˵
۵ɴЦ⣬ؿڡ
ճͺˣǲÿңҲҵļ˺ڳϹϵ𣿡
ڵҵڴݸ㱻ܽҲû˿Ӱ졣



22 鷳ܺ
ĳҽԺ֮˼ȫʧϵʦһʧ嵥͵Ѻھļϡ
˵Ǽ̬ɺţɴһݣֱӶǽߣͬһߵĻµϵ
ݸԭӦ꾯Ｘ죬ӦڷѲûִ󣬵û뵽ô飬øջصҵݸףƲŮˡ
ĸҪ͹ϵ˳ݸ߳ˣŶȥ˵绰
Ĺ㣬ֻܵ𶯺óĻϵ֣ɫ΢䣬ָܿһԵĽЦ
ڳϵҡ
濴Ҫæ⼸ΪԼҽԺæˣʱҲôŶԷֻܵ˵ͷ
Էüͷ΢΢𣬱öԷע˶ԷһڣѶԷĶ߱ڻ˳ſڳϣŽЦ
㡣
˵꣬Ҳ֪ѧģֶ̧˸ġ
սͨ绰ƣ۵׵ʧ̲סЦ
á
ǱߵĸͻȻЦԼһġáʱƬ̣ſɻ
㣬˵ʲô
ĸǵԼûʲôôôӦˣ
۵׵ɢȥڡ
ʲô𣿻Ҫȥ𣿡
֪Ϊ˱ĵ꣬ôͶԵò԰Ϊߵ飬Ҳֻ
㣬Ҳ֪㳤ף㸸ȻìܣϾѪôҲǻĵġ
㰲ţ۵ȴһ˿һĲЩ̲סЦ
ǵڣֻóҪԼ
ĸЦϣΪãʤ׷㿪ڡ
ĸףǰôûһ᲻ģܻˣ
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ĸһʱֻֽ˽
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ңҺܸмⲢǱϲɡҪһѵȻ֪ѶˣʱûɣҲҸȰǵģǻһС
ĸĬ첻֪˵ʲôֻŵ绰Ǳߵٴοڣȴһء
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ĸűҶϵص绰Ǳһɳϣɫ㲡
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ҿΪҼȡµݼ١
һʮ£һһɲֻʣ¡
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Уҵλã֪𣿣
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ʱϴ߳ëԼɵͷϵĽ档
ԷΪ̫·ϸļӳǰ϶Է˫Ưͬʯ貵۾Īĸе©һġ
ָоҲһ˲䣬㶼оԼĴϸԼΪʲô
һֱԼԼգ۾ЩɤڣЩؿڵ
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ûеõشҲֻĿؿ˵ҲûýʱЩܣСʱʲô
Ŀ죬ȥҲ죬ܿϵı߿һҪ´ļơ
룬ĵ׵ѹȥǰþº͵
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ոǸӣӦǸѧġ
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Ѿһ·ȹˣҲ˯£Щ¹
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뵽⣬Ц͸Щ·ֻӳǰһˡ
ĻҪʱȴԷЦòãһʱҲûн
շʱͻȻʲôתͷԹ´Ľʵ
ո˭绰
ΪԼֻˣûü绰ӦǱˡ
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֪
ȷʵ֪Ϊûпıע
϶ǲҪթƭ绰žĵؿڡ
΢΢üҲûйｪ˼ЦЦϼֿ佱ζڣ
־ǲҪӵģ֪𣿡
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ʱ˵ʱͬԷ˵֪ԷʱȻֻĻʱеЩο
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֪ˣҪͷҿ԰𣿡
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ңĵ绰ǾýǱߴͨʱߡ
һͨ绰Ǵ˽ңһƺż̵ķŭ
ϰ壬鷳ܺǱá



23 
ңĻĬƬ̣üͷ΢΢𣬵
ôˣ
Ȼֻң棬֪Է¶ˣɼ汻ˡ
ңԵһˣǿԼѹ̾˿
֮
Ҫ㣡
ͻȻȥͿץסҪħצĽëĹβͣһͰߡ
ءһͰ͵ؿ㣬һһı飬Ī㿴Ц
ЩĲɣңǱߺ˵ʲôԼҲû̫ע⡣
ңôΪ棬ʶأʶʲôпǡסˡ
סŽëڵϣĵǿиӡ
ëҪѿٴαǿץ˻ֱһƨȥöԷߣŹ󣬶Ķ俪ڣǶСʺ
ʲôͷϵҡ
ëſڵϽҲûҪѡ
ҵĹƫůƣǰ⸱ܰճ
㿴ŽһӵĹʱЩͷۣſҪʲôֻ˵һ䡣

Ļ̧㣬һЦ

˵ţڵϵĽţſڵϵĹȡů
ˣʼ˹
㿴Щε߹ȥѽӵöһӵĽëȳ˷䡣
ǱߵĽң䲻һ䣬ʱ
ϰ˵𣿡
Ҫ˵ֻͱּۿ˹ȥֻ߷ߵΪ򱧲ƽ
ˣô׸
ңü
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в滹ʶΪԼ粵ƲƲ죬ܵؿڵ
֪֪ˣûвҡ
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档ңݺüͷ۶ÿԿһôز
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֪һĻش𣬿ش𣬻ǾԼķ֪벻ԣ̲סҪߡ
룬Լջˡ

аԣЦͺá


24 Ľ
㻹ǹһǿЦ˿Ǳ齵ɡˣЦ
ֱĺԼ߿ø˿ĻЩС
θݣż򵥵ĺɫɹ£ͬɫϵӣӣˬüۣ۵׵ĵʹݣ˸еġ
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ұϣҲûҵƬ˵ͼҶӡ
ӿڴóǰҶӣ
ǰҿϵģˣ㿴ǲҪҵĶ
ƴҶӱݵǰùƣȷԼҶӺЦ
ԣ
ģͱĻסˡ
ҿ滭Щϸǵͼģ
ЦᣬҲý濴ø飬ӻû˺õĴ𰸾ͱæ˵ˡ
Լġ
˵󣬾Լû뵽һϳ˵ͼͿʼЦ
֣ԷȥǲСȾϵණˮڵǺͬ㡣
˵͵ϳİɡ
汻Ŀ⿴ùݣͷ̹׵
ʵĶﶼң֮ǰĲҩҲҵģͼҲǻģǲǾҺûã
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ӣ̾˿룬
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˵ţ˼ʼƮԶԱ˵ҵǸɽΪ˶żһʲôĽԸΪȥץ㣬Ȼһ㣬ԷȴѾѧΪı䣬ҲòԼŲˡ
һץ㡣ЦţЩ˷ܵؿڡ
ٴ˽ĻȴСİ˵ڲƺϡ
ǲѹˣ
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յĲкĴ𣬹ǵϣΪͬϵĲݺϪһůɫܰ˳С
ߣҶӣ͸Ҷŵĵͼǰһ
ǲܳȥˣ
Զڵ죬
ǳĵͼǳȥ󣬻ҪղܻصǸ˿ҵǡ
Ķת㣬΢
ǲҪƣ
ѾＸˣҲܿЩҩƺã뵽ʲô
š
˵漴Щģ飬ٴοڰο
ôѾܺˣҪ֫ҲĴ
ΪԼýܿġ
Ļ˲۾Щŵؿ
ô𣿡
ˣҲ˳µ㻹Ǹ࣬Ƥġ
ʱʶֻһࡣ
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Ȼȴ֪濴ϵˣ۵Խĵڡ
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Ļһŵůġ
Ŀ⿴Զ֪ڿʲôطƽȵĺ֪ԷǷѾ˯ţ¶ʲôģС㡣
ҪҪô죿
ҹĻǹ⣬ѾЩ˯ȴһֲ˽Ļ
ţû滰࣬ЦƵص


شڽĵظһ飬ĸоȫȴĵĻϲ
΢ΧҶ죬һõӵߵ˯İġ
ͻȻһǿѹϯҶѹҶ׷ףƮڿС
ʲô۾󣬷ֽѾԼˡ
档¶Էȥˣ˶Է֡
沢ûԶֻĲԶʲôѾ˹󣬹ȥ
ôˣҲԶɫ̫ڣЩ塣
ˡ˵꣬ĳطٴοڣ͵
ϵʱҵѾҵˣֻǱҴ˹ȥҾȥ֪ͨңˡ
Ļ˵꣬һϤ
㣬棬û°ɣ
ǾͿֱϵĸ˿Էüǿڡ
ֱֱ䣬˿ܳŵǣЩĵǲ˵ء
㶼֪⼸춼ҷˡ˿˵꣬µشǣϵˡ
ˣ
Сˡؾػش
ʲôСˣ㶼Ҫ֫ˡ汧ڣƻż̵Ŀǻ
˿Ҳû뵽ôأĿǾԼҪ֫ˣʱż
ɣھȥҽԺ
ʱңһ޵ֱ˵ͷ
ѾҽԺǹȥС
лл
ңĿ⿴Ҫ㵽Ľ棬Щͷۣü
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ݾܾý治òŲңǱߡ
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ﶼ֪˶𣿡
ţȥ̫ˡң
ԣҧҧ㡣
ע⵽Ŀ⣬Ϊѣ֪ôģЩʹ
ɫʧѪ԰ףضǿڡ
Ȼȥɡ
ӺʱҪһ㣬ø˿ľкǱߵˡ
첻ˣȥ
Ϊ㣬ңòȷŹ˽档



29 Ҳ
͸֦Ҷķ϶ڴ׵ķڣ䶼յůġ
ͷǸ˿ƽȥһɫõ壬㿴ʱЦ
𣿡
Ȼȴҡͷ
㲻ΪҵĵһгҲгΪҵİ£Ҫס
ÿ˵ΣȻΪ˵̫̫̹ȻӶ˺ǷΡ
ԣƬ̣Զĸ˿˿飬۾סطǲǱߡ
Ŀֻ¶Ͻ棬Ŵõ壬ԡ£ЦüۣĶĿһӱŲĿ⡣
ͷһЦ۵ų磬
ţҲҵĳ
Ļش𣬶ʱ˲ø˿ڳȥס
Ҳȵرס˶Էڣû˿֡
ˡ
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㾭ƣ԰׵ɫѾ˺ֻܶ࣬ϵ˻ҪסԺơ
ڲϣŴº͵⣬ؿе飬ֻʣָⷭҳ΢
һ԰ĹһƻҵˮԿѵ
ҪƻˣСһ㡣
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ҿһ춼ûʲôθڣҸƻȵ档
Դ֪ҪסԺ󣬱֫ˣһֱƲֵģԷҲֻĲɵذ˼ڣܵˡ
ԣʱԼȷʵЩˣ˵е԰ѵ˹ȥҳһģ
һһɡ
ӹЦ
ãġ
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˿˵Դͽ£ĸĸΪżǱܣϣҵһ
㿴ǣǵİ׷ƺЩ
ɡͷϵƻǿڵ
ĻǲŷӦװıºзŵͷϣĸһݱºзŵ˽ǰ
ΪչҼˣϵģҲûԶɣҸһ׼һݡ
ǱΪ֮ǰûʲôøУҪܾʱ㿪ˡ
ҲˣȳŰɡ
ðɡ
װΪѵӽӹǴ򿪺ȴͷԵĺãһ˫ǰţ۾ڹ۲ƻ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬Ц󣬽Ƥƻп飬Է˹ȥ
ǵӣһҪӵݸڡ
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Ŀ⿴棬ԷԼùĹĵģһֻСһ㣬žͺǸӡ
ˡ
漱æΪԼ֤ϻгɿƻ۰ͰͿӿž˸оĶˡ
ʱλͣ¶Է˵ʲôͷȷϣ
š
˵ֿ꣬Լĸɵüͷ͵
ûйաͯϰߡ
Ļų׷
ͬ˵ʲô뿪˲ã˿ֻˡ
˿ķˣǿѾűºгˣ٩Ц
Сθˣԣɻһݡ
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˿û˵ֻЦſ棬ԼĶҲŵǰ
Ҹոպĸĸˣ˼Ұҽȥһ¡˿
ԣͣ˶ѱºһţһתƢƵԿڵ

㿴ӣΣȰ
ȻˣȥҲá
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ԣĶ˶٣۵ײ֪ʲôԾĵظһ˿һ仰
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˿һĲɵӣַڶԷǰ˰ڣǵ
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º͵ķͷ֦Ҷ졣
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ߵ棬ȿǽң
һĽңüص
ʲô
ңƳһۣ
ȺͷӷҪģҲ⡣
Ľ棬ҿ˿ûзˣŷ˾裬żԽң
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ĸһסſǻ
Щȥ*Ǻң㲻ޣҲôܳ˵βˣ˵Σա
ĸ׿޵ôģֻȰοŵ
ᱣҵģǲõġ
ȻĻشĸĸʱһ㶣ĸȻعһ࣬
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ңЩͷ۵üģȰ
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ȻĻûʲôãĸĸʱըˡ
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ȴƲƲ죬
ͬҲͬ⣬ǽ˵ģ֤ˡ
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ĸҡҡͷ
ĳɽƫ㣬콵гһҪ̳ɽ²㲻ýӴ࣬á
϶Լûа취ĸ׵Ļ
ǲûйϵҿԴ˽
ô˵ýңͷˡ
֣
þ֣ǿ˰ν棬ǲĴȥֻܷ֣ʾؿң
ңЩΣҲ֪˽ȥԷҲ϶͵ܳ㡣
Ƭ̣Խ濪ڡ
棬һʼûҪ顣
ȻţЦ⣬
ܣ˵ϲҡ
ң˵Ļȴýԭء
ǵĽ֤ģи˿Ūļ֤
滹뷴ңڵĻᡣ
Լ룬㵽׼㼸Σʶ㼸죿ʱ֪ݣҲû֤Ǿһ֤ҲһʱְԼס
ңĻģýҧҧϸ룬̤ݣüҡͷǶΣ
Ҳ㡣
ȥ㡣ңڵŹرǰڡ



30 ҳ
㲡ű͵ش򿪣Ϊûпƺŷءһ󣬿ŰſҪ
ߵĶ˶˹ؿƯȹӣþ˵С
˿챻һΪʲôµģȿǽ󣬲һ
ŲҪô
վſڣƯ۾ʢᣬŲϵˡ
㿴ӣץֻֽ˽ԾɳһЦݣ
ôôż
Ҷ֪ˣҲš
濪ڣżʣ߬Լȹڣɴϣ
ɵӣµܹʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ԸţֻΪʱû֤Űļ֤
š㲻ǹƭġ
ʿȺŵĲ״ҪѯʱۼԵĸ˿ȴˡ
Ǹǻģ鷳Ȱɢһ£ϾҽԺԶҪæ鲻𣿡
⡭
ʿԥţ۾סϿ˼öܰ𻵵̶ֳȡ
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֪ʲôˣ
Ŀ⣬һ㣬ʲôûб䣬ֺʲô
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ң˵Ž֤Ǽٵģ˵㲻һʼûĽ顣
ԣ΢ǿѹԼĵ׵ǿһĨЦû˿ϵĿڡ
ԣǼٵġ
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ֺǺǵŵͷǣŹĺ档



31 
ɫµҹĻ£ֵ·ƣůƵĵƹҪΪˮһ顣
Ҳżˣ˵˾ֻˡ
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򳵴ĵϵӳ΢㲵ģƽ侲ȶˡ
ﲻ֪һ˿ʲô̧üҪԼЩεͷԸ˿
ʽǱϢ𣿡
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ԣüͷǵʹ
ͷæȺɿӹĳʶӰԷǣԼһһ
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Ȼѣͷ亹£ɫԽ԰ס
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˽󣬼ƲֵӣҲôԣۣ޹ˡ
ֻǵѰ֮ڱǣŵֻ̩ϸǾּӺ£СȺ޲ܵԶԶģκ޹ǣסĽŲ
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ϰԵſĴߣŴ¹⣬ŶԷİÿ˯գڣŵرԹš
Ҷˣ˿ȻǸŮˣȻҪҴñӡ
˵ţʲôѰԼıһ˫Ư۾ʪأͰ͵ۡ
㲻ҪˣͲǸҴñˣһǲҪϲô죿
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ŵˣŽĻ۽£ҪȥοԷӲ߬ȭͷָͨĴʹԼѣһǿ
֪ÿһԹ߶߶أˣֻǲ۾
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ңûнӹֻĿڶԷ˵ϣΪƤЩ˿ۡ
۵׵ĵĮƲ˱ȴ䵭
˿С㻹ǲҪˡ
ԷĻ˿ҲȷľܾҲֻįһ˲ܿٴЦݣƵؿڡ
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˿õķûµģǵݹʱǹˣǶı
˼ˣң˱䣬ԼûʶЦ⡣



32 㲻
㲻˵ƣÿĴߣ߶߶ͷۣʱ㽪ǲڱԼ
Ȼ֪ƽӣÿһ죬һ죬ԼȽµ·ʱҲʶˣԼͽ潫нԶ
ֱһճԺǰһϣֳĴߣһΣԼѾң֪һ죬ӽ󣬱һԲºҲֻǾؿ㡣
ĿڰˣЩƲסĵ׵ʹ
ͻȻϵֻˣ˲ĳţϷĽһ
ع۵ţ˿ϵ㣬ֻԷѣȥϵֻ
ˣôŪš
ָֻĻϵ˼£ȴû뵽ѵ绰ͨˡ
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ʱڣýֱһ⧲۾ֻеԼ඼©һģʶƲƲ죬ֵ
ŵˡ
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33 ڷ
صҽԺѾӽ賿
ڴϣŴ⣬Ϊ治ٻˡ
żȥ˺Щյļֻýոƣȫ·ǶǦһ
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ջԼĿ⣬ָƽº͵ģһ˿һ



34 һȥ
ָ󣬻һμ㸸ĸԷ
ϣݸĸҲٴٰȥˡ
㼴ʹ˼ңҲɲֹŴݵģڳԼ򵥵ļҳˣĸĸԽǿţԽǺڡ
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뵽һֿܣ̲סͷЦ
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֪浽׶ʲôȴ֪Էܹ鲻Ǻġ
裬õġԼĸ׻˵ʲôٴοڡ
ĸЩģӣҲ˵ʲô
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35 
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Ӱվڴߣͷͣÿ˿·͸ž£ڸ㲵ĵױǽĵºͣƲ֪ʲô
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36 Ҫ
죬΢ĺ⣬ò֪ɽ֦Ҷ죬ŲѡžڶԣֻůɫĻӳǵϡ
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37 Һϲ꡿
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