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һţ츳º
ʦ̫ϳϣһˣԸ
˶˵ͬԸֻԸ˵ͽܱضҪĵ
ն֤
ʮ߲꣬ʦͽˣ˽̾δ֮Ե̾Ե޷֡
ԸѵĿ⣺һǲɶ飬ıá
ӦûиκˣóԸ޹Ե޹ʦͽ֡
󣬳ԸּһСͽܣСͽ꣬ơ
ѩɽۣ˰һʮ죬Ըֽ⿪֮ĺߣһϡ
ʼգʹһΪΣֻǺ˿׷
ʦĻնǱ
ûʦĻöϵ֮ĺӣӵĺߴ޷Ӧ
һ죬ԸСͽܵĽ£ϲ磬ҫۣһϲƣȫ̲ȱϯ
Ҳһ죬ʦ
İ2
аħĴɱӣࡣ
նգ۱ǧ꣬˷ǡ
һգһʦǰ˪ħ̻
һһ䣬ħ
䣬ż˽֪Ĵ˵
һԸƣն춨ԵСͽܽΪ¡
ն̳ʦʤ
ʦͽƷĿԸ粽룬Ϊȵ¡
ģ꣬Ǳ춨Ե
Ķָ
1.
2.ĵŰ֣ºܳǶᡣ
3.ᣬллϲǵĹ¡
ݱǩ Ű   ʦͽ ׷᳡
ؼ֣ǣԸ  ǣϦ̣ϦhϦѺ̣£Ϧף꣬B  
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⣺ʼռرģġ


1 
ҹ¸߹ҹգǹ˸żгУһƬװȡ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ㰲ȵգӰٶȼ죬ĴӴܡ
ʦ㣡㲻˵֩º;׹𣡡
бҵľ飬дģ
׷˵ò֩룬ȴΪӴ󣬺ཻƴӳ޵Ƥº⼸ֲߡ
ӴܵŲһ٣ƺʲô͵׷Ů٣˵һ㶫𣿡
ûҲ
ϰһ ξ˵ϦʱдĻӣʲôؼ
ŮȻ򣺡ֲãһЩΪζȤȻžͰ༸ȫ꣡
˵䣬׷֩벻֪ʱƵǰһһʹɫ۾סǰˣˮӵϡ
һýһֻקסŮڣ֣ˣʦ㣬Ҫ֩в͡
ʱȫͣ½ŲǰĴ֩ţǿʮߵͣɬۣüĿΪơ
Ůһ˦˦첲κԱק̫һʱû˦Ϧ֣
ԣϦ׾קϦhҡͷвУҿɴ򲻹ޣʦ㲻ܶң
Ϧhһ۴֩룬֪Ѿ޿ɱܣһϦ齣˭˵Ҫ㣬ȻܲǾ͸ƴˣ
˵꣬Ϧ׷Ӧ͵֩ǰὣ˳ȥƺҲû뵽һֱηηͻȻһȵסĳ
Ϧ״󺰣ʦ㣬ҵĽʲô
Ϧh㴢ﲻǻ齣
齣ݺݿ̧֩һɫϣһһ޾һֻһѷ죬˳ѷ죬ѽҪϵȥ֩ĺɫȣˡ
Ϧ״ʱóһһģһĽ龰ʦ㣬ٿҳӰɣѾ㿳ĵʮ齣ˣ
Ϧhûüӻ󱳺ݺײڲԶ׳ϣʹɱ̼񾭡
֩꣬ΪнףʹϦh츳ãҲһڵСʿ֩Ķ֡
֩벢޷ȲÿϦhˮӡ
ϦhеĳײѶѣǻѪζ
ۿ֩³˿ҪϦhϦն֩˿קϦhԱ߸ߵ֦ϡ
ҶʱӰϦ׼Ϊʹóƿƿеҩ硣
żǵûʯ˵꣬ŰѵҩϦhⵤҩЧѣƬֹ̱ס˿ڵʹУ֮ơ
ϦhϽٴϦ齣ôҲһʦ𣬲شδΰװɣ
Ϧ׼Ϊóһ齣ɺ͸ոǰһģһ
ϦײбԼһۣϦhСֹôҲ׽ܡ
ϦףǮҾȥߴʦ㡣
ܻŻȥ϶㣡ۼ֩˿æһͬʱὣ
˶ΪϦԱϦhΪһЩ죬н֩˵ͬҼҰ㡣
Ϧhţ÷䣡
漴ַǵ֩ϣ֩ͬʱҲŭ˶Է
Ϧ˿зܣ
ûˣϦh˵һߣʣķһӳ
ǰˣ
ܲϦhֻӲͷƤ֩ɱŭ޿񱩷ǳ˲Ϣ֮㽫ˤڵϣ޻֮
֩˿˲ڿУſھҪˡ
һɫӰ˳ɫ֩޵м
һתϲ˵֩˿˰ء
˳īһ˫۾ӳƵĺ棬üĿɢ޾º⣬ºÿ覡
ͬƶ֮ϣһ˿ޱȡ
ɫ֩ɫصŮߣŮʩϴϵѪۡ
˵Ŀͣˣ
ոݵ˲棬ͬйƤ
һЦóҩݸˣ䳤ɲȴϲж
ЦʱշϪˮ糤ỺƮƺ
һʱ䣬Ǳ˶˿־壬ճ
ϰĿ⣬֪ûж⣬ѡ
ϦhϦ׶ʱæͣСʦ壬ʧʧˡ
ްҡҡͷЩЦ˲׽ܣҵӶһģһ
Ϧ״Ӵóͨ͸ɫݣƬ꣬ģÿ
ӫݣժֲ׷ǲšϲʳӫݣ˲ݿڵĶأʹ䶾ؼ˿֮ϣŻɱ
ӫݲһɫϳˣúšЩҩϢȻָһЩұǻȥѡ
˵ʱֺææµҩϢ֮䣬ݽߵָ룬˿Ҳָ
ЦפʱѩʦֶţżڴΪǻ
Ϧ׹֣лСʦ塣
Ϧhջָһ㣬Цոյľнھ⣺Сʦ壬ΪβǴʦѰǣ
·;һޣѩĹʱ˳ѰǡŮƤÿüͷĻ˵ѰģһЩСˣǱֻѰǸ죬
ԣϦhüͷչؿڣһΪʦˣСʦԤϵ˵ľʦ𣿡
Ȼûδ֪֮أµΧ˴פؽΪڣλСʦֶֹԣУŶصѰ˷ʽűһ¡
µֻǶ˳ٳٲ飬ұ˳Ѱ˹
ϦhʲôϦʦ㣬ɫҪˡ
ϦhһȻ߹ϵԲ£һʱ䣺չʱѣҪˣ
˵ţҪʼ졣
ΪεؿˣϤһڵӵУΪãҪ䡣
Σʵڲʺϳ֣ԶƺиOO@@֮ȻǴʱ̤֣Σȴ顣
ģȥҪ޴һҹ
⻰óֵ˰˲Լͬһ۱֩ʬ壬ѯʣ޲˳֩ϢѰɣ
Сʦ壬ҪҪط
һذɫȼ֩ʬ壬Ѫζ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ްǰĻָʱ󷵻פء
ֵڰ±֦֮ϣԶOO@@ʧƽúһжûзûȥԶ̽뷨תԲ¡
¹ǳ֮£ϸĹϣڵӷνΪ֮ɫЩɫͬͨŵ·ͬɫƣϦhϦ״ǳɫƣǳɫཻĺƣȥЩϸڣطһģһ
Уصں󱳣̽ɫִں󱳣ףȴƻ·С
ʱ㣬Ϲ̽ɫַ˿˿绺ɢں󱳵ĳĵͬƶ֮ϵŮ
ͣ¡ɫɷɻأĽǵزָ
乻ˣ㰲ԣ£ֳװ
Բ£һļĺ֣ųԲ£֮һˣָ⣬ǵĿͣзһ˿
ĴָᲦߣǹһ˿Ц⡣
ʱʦ֪ûиܵߴȥ˼ͬһԲ¡


2 Ը
ĿɨڻָĽܶˣεߣΧһк޷뵽һ뿪ʱ
꣬Ÿʮ꣬ԲҪҪʱʮһ꣬ʦͬУһϱ㵽Բ
Ŷ뿪ǰһϣʦණмз࣬Ҳֹһθ򲻹ܡ
Ҫ֪һ˽ԼͽȻǴ򲻹ܣҪЦ
ʼûʦĵֻҲᶪӡ
һнޣֻûϦhˣһ˱һȺУΪһʿʦȴٳٲҵǡ
һΣյľԼ¶Ϻ󣬽зָˣڵȻԸһˣ˵Լа취뿪
ֶҪͨӶ࣬ȴͲסһȺΪߵģľмзֻ׷Σյǣ£Ҫͻˡ
ƹǱΧһ̣һɱ
ͻƽ𵤵׽һŵӲǸһյʱ䣬аմ׷뿪
ϧûʱ䡣
죬ΪԼ޷צߡ
еʹûϮʦԸͻȻǰƮƮһŵޱɢͷû¡
ԸŷΣһϮ£ϲ
쵲ǰʦȴͬһģһУڶתҲֻ̫֪ͬʦӳ
ãʦ񣬴һ˿˿ϲ
ʦơ
ᵭ
ŷ紵ɢʦӰҲ֡
֪ʦϵһĨ꣬ܵΣճ־
һʦˡ
ϦhϦ۱㿴ıӰ˲ָĺߡ
ǺȻһ˿ѹСʦһĽ㣬Сʦǡһһʮ꣬гɰǧ𵤵Ϊ˵Իǧ꣬ǧȣʵ̫١
ٵʦԸչһεʱͬ
˶֪ͳԸעԵ֮ƵĺļȫϣңǳԸܣ񽣶նϣ춨Ե
ƫƫԸǧһĮܶ顣
ºͣ˿ųԸӣ˶ΪᣬЦţ
ˣʺȥҽޣޣϰǧʺϸųԸ
ͳԸעԵ޷֡
㹻ãõԸγԸƣ糾ɳС
ע⵽Ϧh˻ָ룬Լջ˼ֶĺҲʧ㣬䵽ߣָĲôң
ϦhקϦһѣЦСʦ̫ÿСˡ
ЦЦѽʦ
ϦhͷСʦ壬㲻˵Ҳ˵ϦҲ˵֪֪Ҳֻ֪
Ϧһ߰ۼ죬Ļ絶ӰϦhĿ˵ôʦ㻹ܳԴײɣ
Ϧʲô˼ϦhһߵϦϣ۾ԲϦס
׼Ϧ׻ûܶһߣֽһ㵽ߣ˵ģղŴʦ㣬緳ˣҲʹʦ˺á
˵㡣ϦhöţݺݶϦףԷһ˿иҪҧȥ
ǰ֮Ϧ׵Ȼɾ裬㵽󣺡ҿû˵Լ滰
ֻöֿʼСʦֶá
ˣҪЩȥСhʦȾˡ
ԣϦhϲɫæûУˣЩȥ
Ϧ齣ʦֲڵ㡣
ѸǰɵӰΪҡͷ׷ȥһ˳֣ܿصפء
ϦhԶԶפǰĴʦ㣬˶һվ£ѩһָɾȵ䣬һʦʦãҲڵ˹
ʦ㣡ϦhһϦѩߣסԷֱۡ
ϦѩӭСʦ壬鷳ˡ
ʦʦòͬϦѩҪ䵭࣬СЩ꣬аʮ꣬ɼʮ߰ͣҲλʦʦá
鷳ⱾҸģںЩ𣿡´һϦѩɫЩ԰ףͬ뿪ʱȣϵϢѾƽࡣ
ްһЩСˡϦѩᲦϵϦhѵȥȥ飬ʮ顣
ϦhƲƲ죬ץϦѩʦ㣬Ǳھҳˡ
Ǳ㻻һ󷨴ȫϦѩ˿ϦhҪʮ顣
ϦæϦhקߣɿɣ
ʶȤʮ飬ʮС
ϦhԼͶĿ⣬ЦҡҡͷǴʦĻΪԽΧûܼʱ֣аܴ֩˿ӳ𣿡
ϦhҡҡͷǣСʦ壬͵ʱһôޣɹͻ˽𵤣ôͬѡ
һģҵʱౣֶΣңʦµ걣ѻݹǡʦԸʱͼ֣ƺʢ⡣
ţʱһͻ׽٣֮·ԵΣʱ飬·;ϲɻȱһ
ǡǡͲôá
ޣϦhæ˵Сʦ˵ҪǺջɿݹǣʿҪ˵Ը϶Ҳ᲻ˣҿ˵Ըὣ˵Ǹݺһ٣ЩΧûҰ޵Ӱ
Цû˵ǰ㣬ʦֻǽǸϽ֣Щټǡ
Ǽºʦڶפأọ̈̄˲֪Ը令̡
ֻ֪ʦЩӺܲˣȻʦû˵Ҳûбֳȴܿ
Ϊ̫ԣʦǧΨһһӣҪ̳ʦôڵһʱ
Ϧhֵ˵ǰЩлܼʬ壬ǶĽСʦǳԸĵӡ˵ţƲƲ죺ʦҪ֪϶Ҫҹڲл鷨ȫһ飬˵ȡ
Ϧhɱʦ𡣡Ϧѩüѡ
ϦקקϦhСС㣬Ҫʦ˭Ҳ㲻
Ϧhæס죬ǸСʦ˵˭Ҫ˵һ䲻ǣҪݺݷģ뵱ںɽֹһ䣬ͷɨһ²
뵽ϦѺ̣ձ㣬ԷҲҪһСʦ壬ʦһ̫ϳϵ治ǼٵģԸͿɽϦѣǱּߡ
㱲̫鷳ŵӳƺһСʦ壬λǻ֡
ϦѺ˵Ըܹ֣ʦ˵˺ϦΪƣСǳ
Ϧ֪ʦ⻰ûж⣬һпϣͬۡ
סϦhοõģ־źԶ
ǾͺǾͺãϦhؿڣ
ϦѩҡҡͷϦѩЩͷۣʦΪǼסر㣬ʦãҪ͵
֪ʦ㣬˵ܶˡϦhͷһ֪ǲĵ̬ȡ
תʣʦ㣬޽ʦ᲻ҹؽң
֪ǼǲȫȥʦڲꡣϦѩһ仰Ϧh˲ʹߡ
Ϧ֣ʦ㣬ֻϦhһ𣿡
ϦѩҲһ𡣡
Ϧװ̾һ㲻Ϧhһܷ
ΪЦؿϦhСüͷС̫̫뿪ڰοԷʣСʦأǲĻԸϻ᲻


3 
ϦhǵһˣЩ겻ʶѣֻͬţϦѺ̶ʹܲܲʦԸ
룬ʦŻɡ
ΧǴΣһҪʧȥʦһʱϵߣԲȴһֱĿϡ
ʵǲΪʦעõԵ֣ʦŻ
ֻʮ֮꣬ŻԵֺߣʦҲǰ֪֮Ե
ԣʦ𲢷ϵ
Щʦˣʮ뿪;żлص֮ʱȴûһμԷ
޽⣬ĴʼֻһҪ·ǧⲻһ;
ϦףСʦ壬Ҫһ𣿡
ʵǣ᲻ģ
Цᣬ޺û֣֮ʦҲ˵Ƕʯ˶죬ĶΪ
뿪գҲʦ֮죬ɫãѩɽ۵ѩҲů⣬ʦһϮ£ټ䣬գʦǴδйͣͫеӳģ
ʦ˵ؾţĶΪıá
֮ʦɽڸؾĳնħˡ
ʦ㹻ʱ俴ԼģֻԼ֪䣬ʦκεط
СʦܲͺãҶû취Сʦӣʦʦһһ٣ЦġϦhԹţƤһЦСʦá
СhҲҪЩҵӦԼĵýʣܹ鲻áյԼߵСԴ⣬û
Ϧhһ䣺֪ģҲԡ
֪⺢ԲҲȰ
βϦѩձ̷ţ·;һ˳һǰ֪ʦأڿԻȥˣЩڴ
ʦΪ࣬Ҳĵ׵ĻϲЩ֪ԡ
*
һͬŸҪϽ涨ȡĸԼƾѰرñ㡣
ϦѺ̶˵һԼҴӱʧĿɨϦhϦСͽʱ¶һ˿Цʵڲ⡣
˲ɵô˸ϦhŵԼʦһۣɸԷӡ
ĵװвãɴʱûѰԮ
ϦѩͣƳһ˵ϦhϦδʱפأȥʮ顣
ŶȥʲôˣϦѺٰ̰ȤͷЦԼСͽܡ
ע⵽һٿЦеӣСʦֶҪԿͷ
ֻ֧֧᣺ʦʦûǻ
ϦѺ̲ţ߹ҲǺܺʲô£ʮ̫٣ʮɡ
ʦ𣡡
Ϧh۾¶ˡ
ţ
ϦѺƮƮһԼСͽܣԷ˲俨ǣСʮʮ顣
ŶµĻԻȥɡϦѺ̻εߣأСʦһŶ
ͷϦѺһ뿪ϦѺҲ߹һƬԣɽͷ
Ưָ˵㻨ҶЩ̫һҪʩܻ
СʱһƬԣѩɽ԰һƬʦסһƬ֣СʱϲƬԣϦѺ͹꣬ϧѩɽ
СhʩꡣţǰŵͻȻͣ½ŲвУ㿴ϦhûûصӣɽͷĻ
ϦѺһõò°㣬𨵭Įƫƫһ˫˵۾ƽ￴ʵ϶ʲô鶼ȱȱЦ˾ò⡣
ﲻٳڱϺ꣬Ǹ
ǲϦѺ̣ЦŽͣСhѣչɽͷĻĥĥӣʩҲ
ϦѺ̻ȻΪͷ⡣
ʱѾϦh֪εСʦ˸ɾ
ָϦѺһΣɽһԺӣϦѺ̻䣬ʯϳһײߣʾ¡
Ҫ̸Ҳ衣
ϦѺ̺ÿԹʣСԽԽعأСʱ򻹽Һ̽ء
˵Щ˼ʱ˵ǣҡ
һ߾һ꣬ǰǰСͽܣŻΣҲ֪ҹ̹̣ܽܽ㿴СhСӣҲ֪˭ϦѺ߶߶ţһ㲻һ֮

ţ
ϦѺԹĿУæĿڣ̽㣬ҽ̲ʲô
ô̲ˣʡĵСӸѧѧСѧãϷߡϦѺ̱ԹţҪСͽӦ֣ÿ
̽㡣κһһ˫۾ˮϦѺ̡
˺ˣҲ˵Щ˵£ʦˡϦѺɫ
ͷ֪
ϦѺ̿Ϊӣ̾˿ͬͨˣ
ڷڵѣҵġ֪ͣϢʦŹȥҲûյţ뵽ʦĮӣ²Է֪λţû׷ʡ
ʱ
һǰ
һǰҲ˶٣ҵ֪ʦҲʱ䣬Ҫһ㡣ϦѺ˿ڲˮɫ۲ڶˡ
ϹЦ⣬ᣬ΢İɽͷʢĻҪÿ顣
ϦѺţʦɽѹ꣬Ҳˡ
ţЩ߹ط˴λҲг̽ϹЦ⣬ջĶ࣬Ϊ˿ġ
Сλ㵱ˣϦѺվ̣ҲСڶԷѧ·ǻǵ⺢ѩɽϣʱʱҪȥһ
Ҳûбʦ󣬱ֲ飬ᵽҪѩɽոѩڻ
вˮӳɾ覵ӣĺÿĵһ޶ˮһƬƣлεš
ʵһ˿Ϊ֪Ĳֻע⵽Ҳ
ЦЦ̽㣬ˡ
ޱȿ϶Сʱѩɽۿʼӿʦոһдʼϲʦʼ
ҪһѩɽڳԸߡ
֪⡣ϦѺ̾в轥ֻСһһܳ
ˣɫˣѩɽȥɣʦ֪ϦѺƮƮģԶȥԶɽԡ
*
ǰʦ󣬵һʽصѩ壬ηţ̫æѩֻüһ۾ʹæ뿪
ѩɽְ㣬һƬ԰ףƮϸСѩ´ѩãһƬƫƫãѩɽ֮УһƬ֣һԺ䣬ɪ
Ƭɽ֮Уﶼټǰʮļֻʦ
Щ俴ǧǧʼҪص⴦ѩɽ֣⴦ͨ򵥵СԺ
ҪǣǸˣ̧ۿȥһĨӰ֮Уɫ¹·⣬ɫ¶¹µļ𪣬ǱӰƲ
ʦ𡣡಻ܿǿŲ
ӽѩɽֿʼܵʦϢΪΰǴҴһ뿪ֻΪûϤϢϰߡ
ԸתٲĳḡƷ˿ɢڶǰ뷢˿ͬɫĺÿͬһֲ֣Ⱦ糾Ƕձѩһعˡ
һ˿ģֺƺƽ
˼һ˲ֱʮһգ·ҾǴϢǳ̲ζ
˳ԸĴ
أᡣ


4 
ʦĴЩ΢ȫҵϢţȾ⡣

͵ػԷС
ԸѹЩͣŵ⣬УƫƫȾһ˿졣

̧߽Ըҵѹ£ƽϢԽԸòԺӡԽ
ԺһġԸģģԼѾǲԷӣʱ̫ģ
ԾƿۣĿͣڳԸľ䣬纣˰ǳɫӳС
ɻ󣬹ȥʦ𾱲һ
ûҵ𰸣Ըǰһ߽
ô̧ͷң
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6 
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֮⣬ϦѺڵ壬ҽڵɽڵĽ󷨷λɽŵڵѰɽ
÷ֲκһ壬ڽڵɽУһƬ÷˿ܡ
ѩû󣬵׺÷֦ͷѩŻζ
һƬ߾Ƿ紵ѩ֮ĸѩһһԼ벽֮ǰˣ˼οڡ
뵽ʦҹʮ꣬ʦǺͯʱһֱߣ꣬ʦ᲻᲻ԸԼ
ʦûЩ飬ʦô׶顣
ҡͷôʲôãʦǲ׷ʦ𣬲üһʱ
ھͲӦüűףӦ顣
ǣҪôʳڡ
ĵ̾ԼǸСų֮ˡ
ʱ򣬳ԸҲע⵽ֹǰѩ÷΢΢¶һ㵭죬Ըֵѩ
˵ʲôԸʡ
δȫò÷ƿûзһֻǾ÷
ԥҡ֪ò˵
Ը̾ûиò˵ǲ˵ħϣǱ˵
ųԸĲ䡣
һֱ˵ʦ̫飬ֻһƬһ˿̻
ȴ֪ʵԶˣʦȷ󣬵ĮƽһƬûĺ棬ʦº͵ģ˵ǰĮ顣
ǸԼģعѹԼ
¶ģʦգɻǵá
С⾲׵ĻҲԡ
ͣѩҲøһЩƬ÷ְξһ㡣
˵աԸֵǰƽֻǴ˿̽ŵûע⵽Щ
÷ѩأһƬãã쳣ۣڵϵ÷һ̣Щ
ţʦɻǵáѹŲƽ
һգʦͽ֮䲻飬ء
ҹҹǻʦմȾ쳾ʦ𣬹˵ò񻰡
ۣǿд޳λ棬ȴ΢΢ɫ
գ̫񻰣۸ʦ


8 ͷ
ǵá
Ըƿߣȥµĺ÷
վݣ֦ͷĻš
ͫһ˿ѩɫдʱʢֻһ㲨Ҳòͬᴵѩţ˵½ǣ˿
Ůһʵ÷绪ʧȥɫʣתվ档
̧ǡӣŵںˮζܵ
ǵãʦ˵ǵá
ǡʦɻǵͽ˵Ļʣƽ
Ըӣҹһʱ
ǵҲûϵʦԸ˵ٴζԡ˿Ѿȫƽָֻӡ
üۺЦԸ⡣
ʱǰ˲ʦ֮ˣǳԸ
Ըŷѳˡ
֮ȥÿʮСͽһˡ
꣬ѿ˺쳾ѩ£ﲻ֪
Ҷǵá
ܿߣֱ˵
֪ģҹһ⣬÷
סĵ׷ɬʦѾˡ
ԸǸҵĴ
꣬ʦ˵ģѹԼĸ飬Ĳ¡
Щ꣬Ҽෲޣమ֪ĵ£ʦ֪ʲôϲˡ
֪á
ʦᶯ𣿡
֪
Ըش𣬲ԥ
ڷһ԰׷Ϸ˵Ҫϲһÿ궬ĵһѩ˵ţһѩڳԸǰ鷢ϣΪȥ
ǲͷ
Ըϵѩɢȥ
ݸ֪˵꣬ܶݡ
ʦ㡣ͬĵһѩһͬȥ꣬Ҫһ𡣡
ԸĬĬе֪һж೤
ش𣬱ڵϵ÷⻨ʢãȴֻһ˲
һ̣ܶǵһ̫ꡣ
Ըߴ˼ˣеĻ֦ͷʱή࣬ǰˡ
˵㣬һֱѩɽҲá
Ըҡͷ㲻һֱѩɽ
Ű꣬ӦߣȥؾѰԵɳ·ܳһֱССѩ壬һֱߡ
㻹ʱȥ롣
˵գԸӰʧ÷УǶ䱾е÷䣬ֽסġ
÷⣬ʮָģ͸ĵס
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պصϦhշתɽ˲鲻Ըӹ
ˣϦѺ̽Ѿɣԥţ֪ҪҪѩɽ
ϦѺע⵽Ĳɵ״̬յߡ
ôһüӣ᲻СӣϦѺ̻èֹԷ
̾ÿüͷ΢΢ţ˼ǧ
֪ο˵£ʦûϴʷ񶨾ܾ˼ġ
ǺҪ飬ڡ̽㣬Ҽǵùʱ򽫻ؼϢɷ׼ȷ
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ϦѺ̴ƺʲôЦţ׼ȷҴѩһӹȥ
˿ѯʣãŴȥˣ
ûãԼ˰ɣЩǱҲҪȥӿɷҺôһ򡣡ϦѺָèβͣƺΪ¿ա
Σ̽ӿɲΪ¿ա
һλţĿϦѺƾһ֮Ѹڸ峤˵ѵʵ
ҪܳԿû˻ռˡ
ϦѺ̴󷽳ϣȺϼһҶۡ
è˦Լβ͵֣ϦѺ̷ۣΪûڴ˯ӡ
èˣܴӶԷ￴ϦѺ̵ĳҲЦ
ϦѺ״ƳͷèƨɣǵöԷɤӽС
µ˼װɳȥ඼ǽ𵤵ӣѩǱߵ껭ɽҩΪףǼӣؾ֮лչˡ
ΪߵŵӲڴ֮У
ϦѺҡͷǱ߲̫ƽħڸСΧŶ˵̽
ħ壿
ûǰʦնɱħ󣬱ħ嵽û뵽ֻƵϦѺüģΪա
ЩħͻȻжָûʲô¡
̽㣬ϵãͻȻʲôӴҳһ鰵ɫƣмŹɫӻ
ϦѺƣ۲Ƭ̣̽ƣɫء
ʣⶫģ
Ծ˵ֶʮǰһֵСׯѪϴһСŮʱΪֻͨаޣӦħޡ
ʲôϦѺ׷ʣƺܹע⡣
ţһ£ñϴŴɫЦߣ֡
£ߡϦѺеƷɫѿ
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ħΪڽڣ˵һӣҵʱǡߡ
˵⣬ԥʮֲ⣺֣˵ôݣ֮Ǻܡ
ħ޶ǵ֣ҵ˶Է㣬û뵽ħļɺܺãһȴ˶Էߡ
ʵûмһ֮ˣ޻ħޣ˵˹ŭһ㿴ڵĵӾͿԵ֪ŵӲ˵ŵҲһɫ㡣
ʵЩĿ԰ˮݹʬ壬촽ȴܺڣбۣȴôΥ͡
ϦѺսˣ֪˼Ī԰ɣ
ǣҴϼƣ뿪ʱʬˡ
ʵаհͨ˿Ҫҹҹ˯š
ȻڿʬħɱׯˣԹ죬һѻվׯѪȡ
ȷյˣ
ȷñƻѪȣԲ̽㣬ﲻԣ
ϦѺ̽ͣǰһӰٵ֯ⲻһͨħ֯аħ޻ʿޣ֯صǰߣʱڶϽû뵽ٴ
ˣ̽㣬¿ɷҪ֪ͨš
Ǳаħ֯ħͬʱ֣ⲢһͷҪ
ҲãǸСŮˣ
Ұ͵˰֮һûжŮϷ޼ң֮ûлȥˡ
ʱǸСŮʣʺɣΪһ˼
ϦѺЦһΪӻžµС
ҡͷͬ˵ҲòմȾǵ
úáϦѺ⡣
СûºҲûȴ򲻿ۣ̫ȡ뿪Щ꣬ܵ۸ܺáϦѺһֱ̫º汻۸
⺢ӴСʦһ𳤴󣬳֮ദľŵӣΪŵСʦ壬̫ߣע˽ģҲᱻԴԿͷ
Ц̽㣬㲻ôңҲСˡ
֪ͳˣҶ꣬ʦǵǸСȻҲˡ


9 Ӱ
һ٣ʦ˵ĻȻꡣ
ʵ̫٣ӻ糤Ըһαչصʱ䳤Щڷ̫ෲ˵룬Ȼðܳ
ǰ˵ǧ겻ָһӡ
ʱ鰮Ե̫һ״ɢ˵Ե֡
Щ쾹ȻȫȻ£ÿһ˶ߵ󣬷˳ɻ꣬ȴ׷ɢǳΪԹż
֮أ
һȴҲܹΥնԵ
Ī˵ɱ֤
С
ѩӣϦѺɽͷŵĻҲήʢĻѩĸ¿øʢ˿Żҡڣѹĵס
ع񣺡̽㣬ôˣ
ϦѺ˵ģûдԷзӿĵ΢΢̾Ϣѩɽʦʲôʱ򽻸㣿
ʵʵί񣬺Ϳʲôȴʲô˵
ĬֻЦš
ϦѺҲǿǳԸֻվһݣȥȰ˵š
ЩӲȥһ˷䣬ðºһͬǰϦhϦСӡ
ȥ䣿
ûȥ㵱СŮǸׯȥǸСŮбĵط
Ŀ£ϦѺ潻Ҫע
֪ˣʱ
ձԣ˵ҹҪҪһѩɽ
ϦѺ̱¿ķӦǰ˹Ȼסԥ˵ңҲ֪
ϦѺ̾򣬰ο뿪Ҹʦűɣܲ㡣
ʦ֮ǰ˵Ҫһֱѩɽ
üۼȾãһ˿ѹ
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Ϣ뿪̫ǱҲʦΪġ
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ϦѺ࣬ΪҪЩˣһҪ֪ͨҡ
*
뿪󣬰èϦѺ̻һֱԼʱ߶Էţݺһ໰ŵĲ뿪
ϦѺһèЦЦҪҸòúý̽˵
ڴ̨ſõȩ̀ͷһۣתƨɶϦѺ̡
̫鷳ˣɣտʼԽ֡
һֻè֣ЦԶһ󶣶
ݿԼʮͷһк飬۽һ룬ɫ΢ǳһϸ磬ųϷΣɫ壬һ¾Ҫ
˴ӷɫ䣬ż㣬ƮƮȻϦѺǰתǰϵ
ϦѺЦӯӯס˵ʦã˵˲ҪǶͶͱ֪ģʦɲʲô˾ӡ
˾ĸֱҧüأһһ١
˵ţϦѺŮ˳Ƹյĸ˼һ𣬺ڶԷϡ
ŮӹֹֻϦѺ̵Ĳӣ˵ʦ㣬ʦҲ˾ӣҲ⡣
˴յü
ϦhϦױˮͰͷ·龰ϦhסϦ׺Լ۾ţӣӣ
ľͰڵϣˮ۾ֿŴ죬һ㵲סߡ
ʦͲܸʦȥ𣿱𲻰ǵˣ
˵꣬ľͰקϦԶ
ŵƷֿü˿һ㲻ΪС죬٩˴ˡ
ʦãôòҩҪҲˡϦѺ̴Ůקһűɫ壬档
ҪûʦֿüͷҪܼӬ
ʦֱϾʹˣ̫Ű壬ҲãԾһ沿˵ܿ㡣ָͷĻʵڴ治
Ҳǡ
ϦѺϴսᵽ˿˿֮⡣
Цû֦չʦ㣬㱻ҿɲ𡣡
ʦöң
ϦѺ̰ӸǰˣЦп
ҲһЦ᲻ã˵鶾أĶʦòһܽ⣬ⶾǿԣʦһ㡣
ѱɫһԭλã£ײ
ϦѺƺҡεͣϢ
ͷʦ÷ģС壬ǲСϦѺЦ˵ţ
תϲüңʦ±ҲС
ϦѺߵ߼ɹ̫èһδڻ۾ϴתţ˵ᱻɴŮޡ
ʲôʦҲͻ־СɺÿĶЩûȡ֣ϦѺ̰Щһޱһࡣ
úúãŪʲô
ԣŮӴȡ¼ָϣζžٵϦѺǰ
Цӯӯǰˣķ˿ڷи建ڶ
ϦѺ̿߹ŵЦ⣬䵹غܾǰʱǻǳϡ
Ǹҽޣȴƴҽǰƣҩ֮ܰЩҩ־ҩƿÿѧǧŪһϣֻΪϺÿЩ
ԪӤ׽ʱһʿҪɽɱ˶ᱦŸտ˾綾ȫö
ϦѺ̸ʱ򣬿ıһ龰˺ǱĺÿŮӴʬԱ߼մѪ壬һЦ
ʢ⡣
ʦ㣿ɫʽζǰϦѺ̶ʱ
ŮӵּΪÿϸ׾ָŪһſĴıǳɫŷƵĶרŶЩϵŷɫģǰЩƳˮϵĽҩȻҪǷô˽ҩǼֱȳ˶ҩʹ࡭
ÿüͷһ˵ƺ뵽֮ҵ³п䲻Ŀӡ
ܹſţÿһö׵˷ָһһŵҽɸƵĶ
򵥶óǿűɫģЦӯӯ˵ǺöƵǿЧϻɢһ¶ãֻܼΪϵĵ²ſɻá
ʦ㲻õģʱԸΪⶾϦѺգգ۾һҺʦõģ
ϦѺ΢˼һ˲Ц͸Ը𡣡
Ų鶾Լǿ֮ʱԷѾΪⶾСʦþӲ
󾪣æ֣뺦ʦҰ
˽Ϊ򱧲ƽżһ̫ϳ϶ģҲȥһ֡
ǿ̫ϲ̨ĶǸ˼ҵ
ͲˡϦѺ̴սЩ
˵СԾ
˶䣬Ȥô˵
¡ϦѺ̹һЦϢŮ˶ߣ˿
˸ۣ׼䣬ƼϦѺ鶢Զѩɽλã졣
뺦Ұ
ϦѺһЦת˵£㱦ͽܸһ뿪Ҳ÷ȥˡ
򲻴ʣôͽܸȥ
Ҹ˱˵ð¸СܷЩ
ͷͬ˵ҲãӦֹ°ɣ
ϦѺ֣ǿ鱻Ƴġ
㿴


10 ׹
ѩɽ£ǰ
վã߹ڿУ䣬ӳӰӰ´µ辡
̾һɽ½磬Ӱʧԭء
ҪԸÿһÿһ붼ҪȥԷٽȴ̲סġ
¹֣ԸһʯϴΧתŮ˫ۣȾ
ע⵽߽˫ۣһƬƽȡ
ʦ𡣡ЩţʶסԼ䡣
ϴ÷˵⣬һֱŲһѩɽ֪ˡ
ԸȴƺΪĵգƽʵ£
һƽӳģû˿
˵𡣡
ûһֱųԸ۾ƽߣҿ
ģ
𣿡
Ըһ٣еһ˲ûпҲûע⵽Էеı仯
ȥһС䣬֮ȥֳħȴؾеĵΣȴ߽Ը
¿̫̫Ļ̲סĶ
Ը꣬óһɫ׹һʺɫҺ壬ߵǰΪϡ
пѣҵһͷѪһ꣬Ҫʱɻ㰲ȡ
סǰ׹ֹʦ𣬴дҪһꡣ
Ըͷšؾؽ磬ؾŻرա
ߺʦҪչ𣿡
Ըҡͷһαչа꣬ƵչҲ޷ͻƾ磬ԲżЩӦٱչأҰȥؾԽ
á
ʦ˼Ҫʦڵؾʽ̳ѩɽ·Դˣܣ˿һһȷޡ
ʵлãڴ˿̣Ҫһ䣬ʦѵûһֻϲ
ʣһб߽У֪˵ˣ³ԸܡϵˣҲԼĽޡ
һθףѾȴ⣬ǵô֮ˡ
̫ûò롣
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ڶգ塣
ѵõǣԸȻһ뿪ѩɽŹǷûӵϦѺ̿˲ûվȵڵء
סֱ߽վĶͽܣǿЦԸôˣ
ţһԸ˶гԸ𣬲ƺΪϣһ˵ϰе̫ϣǿɽˣҪ˿ײİǡ
ϦhЩСǵһμԸŮһ£һþ΢飬Ǿɫ
֮ǰ˵ΪԸӦóһŶ纮ֱûһ֮
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ϦѺţźԼСͽֱܽ״̬ûԼôùո͵͵ʦ˼Ұ䣬˽վѩɽվԼǰѲˣ
ԸȴϦѺ϶ŵЦ⣬ɨһڳˣȥϦѺ죬һʶ
ûʣһſϦףʾԷɵ
Ϧæǰһ̫ϦףλʦϦhǰ£ʦĵӡ
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˻һϦѺһûվֲץϦhֻûջأôǰ
ǲԸԸ̸ֻ˵Щʵ顣
ԸվȵϦѺ̣д󰭣岻ãҸ̸
ϦѺӲͷƤҡͷøգõúܣվС
Ѹ٣ƺһ㲻ٶԸһ档
סЦסʦˣԸһŵסԷˡ
ϦѺ̲ô˿Լ󣬿ɿԼͽ֣ܵˣѾǣһСʦ壬£ɡ
˵꣬һѽϦh˳ȥ
СӦǣԸְĿϣСġ
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ˣ̫ϳȻ˵òһĿ£һ仰˵
Ϧ׳ۣҲңҿǱʦƳȥ˵ƣҲź£
Ŀһֱİϣ⻹һμʦ״ӣһʼͶʦҲһֱǣһ仰û˵
ʦŵʱ䲻ûм£ŵϤ
ƺע⵽Ŀ⣬߬߬䣬ܳϦhֲ˼ѧԷֱڵϣŵСʦ塣
˵һҪ޳ӡ
Сʦ壬֣ʦС̫˵ϦhԳסӣʾԷҪš
û¡
ЦŵͷҲԷ
¸߬䣬ֱϦhһһСʦ岻ǻ˵ĹУ͵͵˼۶Է
һ⣬ԷЦ⡣
ҪϦѩʮңµӣ˭Ҳû뵽ڽ䵨Сͬ˵СŮȻһͨ飬ųΪ״ӡ
츳ߣ̸ĵҩܿѧᣬ̿࣬Ψһõһǲ˽ʣҽ޲ǿɽЩ˾һû¹ɽɽҩ嶼ٳ
״νֻˡ
֮ǰֻҩʦ츳𵤱Ʒ׵ҩΪڶʦǰҽʦ
Сʦ壬ҡʦ˵Ұ㡣һཻ壬һͳʦ
ӹǣ
Ȼ֪ϲһ壬궼оֶҩɵҲ˲Ƶ֪͸Լкá
뵽ʦյĻһ죬֧֧ͣǣõģʦ˵СʦܻϵģҲá
ʲô˶κ𣿡
³ϦhͷţֻҪһܾȻھһҩ
Ϧh˲۾ǺöСʦɱϣô죿
ᣬˣжСͣҲԡ
Ҳǣ˭֪ʦãﶼһϦhͷ˳ִһϦףʲôʱܱɵޣҲŪһ
ϦţҿǽޣһҲ䲻ɵޣʦˣ
Ϧhһź
Ϧ׼ȥһ˫Сɺÿ쵽ǰһѵҩЩǡ
ҩҩƿÿһͲǷƷ
òãСʦ㣬ҸϦ׿ЦءϦhʱ˼
ǰ죬ͣƵĵҩкܶࡣ
˲գֱקϦhַ˽ȥԼ
˵꣬Ѹ㵽󣬲˻ҩԼĻᡣ
һƤϦhŵҩգۣ벻ͨʲô
ϦҲ֪˵ʲôͬò˼Ŀ⿴ССʦ㡣
ǿȫ̵ЦЦҺãôҪ𣿡
²С˵ҩβʦʦ˵޺࣬ҩ
Щ˵ԭǣһһûֵǮĶΣŲҩҩβ
ûѻ˵Ϧh˵˸ס


11 
ǻ˵ǽޱģϦhҪҳ˭úýѵһ˵⵹ġ
ʦܿѵҪõʯı֤ܿǵȷɬ
˵رûǮ̫ѣƽֶ齣ʵһʴ֧
Ĳ˵ѾƵԼʦСС;Ҫȥѧ򽣣齣̫ʵʤڶ࣬˷ѡ
ңǻ԰ѶϽ޲Ρ
뵽ˣΪ˼Сʦ͵ҩ˼Ҷ˵ԼƵģȱһƿ
ϦڴóһƷྫ齣˫ŵݵǰ
ǸСʦ㣬ҺʦûرֵǮĶ齣ִģ͸㡣
ץ½ǣСǰѺÿ齣ҡý
Ϧhѽһ˲ѽ֮ǰõһ鲻ʯø˴򽣣Լһֱ齣´Ľһֱѹ׷š
͸СʦҲﾡá
Լÿûξͱˣװ˷һѺý
Ϧh絽ߣСʦ㣬°ɣƽʱҲ㣬ܲܲİı¯Ϸɰɡ
һŮŵ¯Ϸɵģʵ̫Ȥ
ϦhɹЦڳˡ
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İ¼򣬡ô˵ҲͬΪʿû츳
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⽣ۣô겻ûжȥȴܸɾȫûжʬǣ


12 
ǳǳһЦʾͬϦh˵䵽·û˵⽣ҶʮǰģñѪԹ˸ɾȴǻȴȫûйڵĺۼܲ
ⲻܣأ˵Ӧûлڹóһŷ䣬һ֮ľȻϣɫԣɿ֣ڿȼմ
ȼʱɢĹԽطԽʢ
Ϧhһ߿ɵۣǾԲһŷȥطû£ܡ
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ƺע⵽Ϧh˵Ŀھ̾Ŀʶóһ䣬Ϧhʦã㡣
ĬĬ£ĺ䶼ûôù
Ϧhæ־ܾòãСʦ㣬зģֻǲá
·һȦתǡÿһĻƽʱƤ˺һСʦ֣ܾԷ͹Ķ
ε濴ˣӦԼȥܽˣǰ˵Сʦֶ˵Чʻߡ
ƽ첻µزµˣʱ޴롣
ֲˣ͸ˣŴ߹ȥĿ˵֣ˣܾСʦˡ
ͷǰ˵ݡ
Щģһŵҩܶࡣ
СȴϦhޱ飬еʦǽ޼ֱûߡ
գգۣÿ˵ţٲСʦҪҸطȥˡ
Ϧ׿仰æ˹ллСʦ㡣
á
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ֿһȥߣϦhϦԱʵڲϸð¸Ҳ÷һЩȻСʦֶ׺ߣȴ˼ϸ壬Ҳ档
ӶֲȣÿÿҲرܼһҰһҵķӣķݴһСƬ˵أеСԺӡ
ĵһӱǵǸСŮĵط֩ȴ֩룬ԺһƬӲݣڱֲ˵ĵطš
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ԶԶ㿴Ϧץһ鲼ǣ߽˲ſǺü飬һģֲ״ײѪͼһ飬ɿƴΣγһͼͺ͵Ǹħ޴ŵһ
﷢ֵģ
ӹЩüͷﲼ󷨣Ӧûз֡
ϦףڴӶ˼ҵ﷢ֵ飬ֿƴһȦҵ顣
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ֻǣ벻ͨΪħҪô󹦷󷨣һû˵Ĵ䣬ֵ˷ʱ
ԷĿʲô
µСŮʹ
á


13 ÷
ôˣСʦ壿
ͻȻɫϦh
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ްֻͻȻ뵽һЩ飬̳ȥһӣвõԤС
ٶȺܿ죬̫û֮ǰ˵Ҵ塣
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֮ʣҰеڷҡţũڵũʱʱкͯҰСܹ
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Ϧh˫ֲ˿
Ϧ׳ۣҲûϸٺ
ܲҲˣϦhȥ
С˵СhʦãϢͲúˡ

ϦŶӴЦСʦ⻰˵̫ˣûûʦ㣬Ϣ˵ҲϰٴΣ϶ˣ
ϦףϦhһۿϦhŭϦЦŰȾܣǵöԷں߿׷
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û˰Լֱڵ´ƿڴֱŮֻҪ
Ϧhűӣζء


14 쳣
˵ʵ㲻СûסЦ½Щ
ϦhգգۣС˵Сʦ㣬һû˵ɡ
˵ţҲϦקЩôЩ˹ǽ˹մʲô
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ҪƽЩˣڲԶվˣ˿Ц
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ףƽǷ򸾶ڴЩСŤҲͰˣü񣬴ײǼƽϣʲô˼
⻰ʱһûȥŮ˱㽫е˳ȥͷ˵˭ҿʮû޳ȥϹŽýŸ˵˿ʮ׶޲ȥ㻹֪Ϊʲô
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ϴ峤ڰ֣ˣǶҪ˵ˣؼҳԷȥ
Щ˵ĻŴЩ뿪
һʱ䣬ΧŵĴ󲿷뿪ֻʣһЩͷ£˵ʲôҪ峤ȫҪš
ϴ峤ʵ޷ǵЩ˲˵Ŵһߡ
סڴͷҲͬϴ峤ڴģԺҲܴһסһ顣
峤Ժ䣬һڳµƫƧԺ仹Ҫࡣ
ԺӾϴ峤Ժɼŵʱϴ峤ϲ
Ժӻסϱɹ
ʮһŮԺ͵һƺƵһˣΪ׵Ļүү嶶˶
վǿ˿¼ϹŵŤͷϴ峤ͷүү
ϴ峤ϹЦͰףȴΪ䣬͸¶һ˿
ûаԼϣЦŶŮ֣ζ
СŮҧҧƵϴ峤ߡ
һֱͷԼ˸Ь⡣
עСŮϦhȻҲע⵽˶Է
ϴ峤ЦŸ˽ܣŮû˵⼸
ͷСŮ˵࣬ôСͻϴ·ˣ
СŮĿӺＷһšɵͷ
ϴ峤һСŮСҲ£Ī֡
СŮҧͷ˵
Ϧhɻ󣺡ô·ҪϴǼû𣿡
˵òϴ峤ǲļôģǷũһСʳСҪѧϴ·ֵأһи˻˱ˡ


15 ʬ
ϦhȻԼЩӽʳҪϴ峤Щ˵ࡣ
ˡ
һץԼ䣬һֳ½ǣСȴᶨ
ע⵽һֱںߵİ£һ˴ͳһŷΣ˶Ϊϸƫƫڰϵ·ȴԵΪɣҪȥһ㡣
úÿϦhǰܰŸβҲǰͣͬСһ㣬ܾ۸˭ӶҪٺÿģҲע⡣
һȺעţǲ̧ͷֻҰĿͬһͷСŮϡ
İʾο¶˶
ǡ·ʼնϳԵ޽ѧϰ󷨷䣬޽ҹҹǧһռ֣ѧϰ󷨷䣬ÿնҪ󻭷иҽߣҪֲ
䲻ħ֣ħǸ飬ҲǲжΡ
ǲܽʳ֪ٿֻ࣬ڵλòͬͬķʽҲͬˡ
ͷСŮԣ̧ͷʱǡµС
¶ЦǵСŮͷٿ
ϦhЦս£Сʦ㣬С㻹Ҫߡ
ֺ˵
ϴ峤Ц˵òǽղΪЩλӡ
ơ
ӣʱܹʩ
һʱ䣬峤һ˶Χ˹ԺŮӦȢˣʮǴ峤ӣҲӺӡ
˶òˣʵλǴӵĴ󷿷ˣ
Ҳǵҹȵʬˡ
࣬
ŮǸŲ峤ߣĵΣ
⼸λһЩ£ú˼ҡ
ŮƳǣϴЦ֪λҪЩʲô
䣺ɼǵòȵʬںʱεأ
Ů˲Ŀתϴ峤Էûʲô鲻ԸŲǰߣŲͣСŮԭŴ·ǴΡΡָţ͡⴦
ЩٲԸأҹʵҪҹҲҪקһǽӡʵ̣û취¡
ʱ̡
ʵڲһξľƽ¡
ŮˣĿתϴ峤·ļ䣿
ϴ峤ָԺƫǼӡ
䡣
˳ϴ峤ָķ򿴹ȥ⣬кܶͷ
˻֣ƾɵڵϣ֮򿪡
ڳѪȳ˶ûס壬˽Ų
ӡʩǰֳĻ棬һŲ鸡ʹ˷˹źķſڣ˸ߣҡҡλŽݡ
·õýΪªϰŻ棬ڴߵɷ
ߵߣ׼ƺͷֲ֪뵽ʲôҡƺƺȵ̫࣬һƨվźִŵȴû˼䣬Цﵹƣϡ
ʱãǰԺֵȺʱ䣬ִһֱڴû񲻻ᶯľż
һֱȫעŻżӣⷨôˣ
ûŻڶ𣿣
Ŷô
ĿƵϣϣʩ֮ܽɻ
Ϧh̲ס˸ۣԼģҲûá
˵ţ˱仯Ʊƣߵִ߳ϵĺͷ
ơȣ
˻ͷ治ҪϦhп
ûòһһˣֱʻé
ִûһ˿ɻϲãһ˫޹⣬ٲȻһѰ֮࣬ݹľƣԷһۡ
Ȼֱ̣ӽִϣִ죬ǿŶԷ˽ȥ
ʼ·һĻʵ۾ڵЩĿĲλڳλ۾
ִѹڴϣ˺Է·ŲĻʱִ˱󣬱Էһƺ󣬾ֱӱסĲҧȥӲ˺һ
Ųӷ´ִ˲һŲ˵Ĵ֮ŰѼݺݴԷ۵˷ĻӲִ̣ĺѪǼƤ⣬йƵԷͱӡ
֮ʬϵԺ˳ǽʧ
ѪԺӣϺۣɲ
һȺ˿ĿùֳĹ̲ôɣȴû뵽Ů˾裬Ӳҧһ⣬üԷĿȫǣͬĶһ㡣
ʧһȦԺӣĿͣһǽߡ
⴦ԾĻ棬ǽϾɵͰ޵ߣϴ峤ע⵽Ķ¶˼֡
ӣʲô⣿
Ͻţùȳŵ档
峤ˣӲϦЦš
ָ䵽ϴ峤ɰĹϡ
ɫԱŲЩ˵峤ɷŲһ㣿
˵ţϹº͵ЦЩͬѰǲҪǰĺá
ϴ峤Ҳ˹ҪΪ˾ͿΪ
ûϴ峤ǰܳס˵ӲĻȴж˼¶ɾ
ϴ峤ЦקŲ㣬Ǽʯǽ˼꣬Ѳʲô⣿
һʲô֪ӣѯʴ𰸡
ǽͨǽǲϢ£轫ǽħаλǾòףҿ޽һǽΣ
ϴ峤̬ͬȳϿҡ
ϴ峤Ȼ֪鲻򵥣ͬ⣬Ҳ˽ᡣ
롣

ϴ峤ʹ˸ɫضϻ˵ЩʲôӣʾǲԼˡ
ϴ峤ͷһӣߴǽһѷ죬ʯڵ档
ǽһ߸ʬϸܷȥʬס
õŮ˾ˣЩΪһֱ˳ǽ·ôҲû滹žʬ塣
ǰ⻭棬ԺһţŷŮʵڳ֣Ϧhʩʱ˹ȥ
Ĵʬ壬ûһ˿֮ɫ
Ųߣսȥ
Щͨ˲һǿĲֹһʬô򵥡
ʬӦǱƳ˸ʬűǽʬϲ˿˿ϸߣ˳ǽӶȥʬϵأȴڲͣջϢЩյϴ峤
ѹ֡¿͸еСֹ˻ߡ
˸Ӹʬ˿նϣû֧ŵĸʬ˲䵹
ϴ峤ܵϹϢʧɫѿ
Ϊ⼸˵ĵУ
Ǹ˾Ȼã
峤аޱȣӵѪΪýԼ֪Ͷ̥תĻ᣿


16 
ϴ峤Ц
ʲô͸ТĸұѪʬΪǴТ
̾üͷ΢΢һ˿ڷЩֹ꣬һμ¼ȥЩ;֮ˣ֣Щľģѡ
ϴ峤ʬ֮ϸʮԣߵҲУһȡӵԼ
ֻȻ֮Υаħû𡣡
ʩڳ˶ԿЩȡϸߡ
峤㲻Լӣȡӵ
ԭͬϴ峤վһĴ˲ɫϴ峤峤˵ǲģ
ҪǵԼ
ϴ峤ĹȣվֱӣЩҲװˣ񱻲ÿⰭµĹȡ
ʲôֻȻ֮Щǧ꣬Ȼ֪ݵĿ£
ϴ峤ָŤݶ
ʮǰ⸱ģððòǿң
ң
ָԼʮ̬ԣƲļԵùɲ䣬ֱϣʮָȫǸƤˡ
ƾʲôƾʲôЩ˿ѰʵƾʲôǵҪǶô࣬ǲũöձأõ֣Ϊ˵һధ󣡡
ǻ⣬˵ʲôҪǿЦЦ
Ҫʲô˭Ҫ
ƺѾ÷񲣬ָƶˣΪ㲻ΪҪϲ֮࣬ҵ֮Ҳ޷ıձϣΪʲôƾʲô
źţڵϴЦնΪṩϸ߿ʼ룬ϡ
ϴ峤ҪشᣬԼְˣа֮Ҳûɡţࡣ
ϴ峤ƿͬ˵ΡΡֶָʲôûȴĿ־壬ûߺձϣĴȱ㲻ڳЦЩ˰ˡ
ǣǶϡ
֪ϴ峤ĻҡͷնʬԴȡӴǴ˲ٱȡֻǣҪķɡ
ĿƵϣе˶ݺݶϴ峤е˵ͷ
ߵ峤ҼΧһŮߣǽ޽Ҫ
Ů˶ӣԭסԺӵһŮվ˳ֱӣֵǮģˡ
ҡͷһǼҵǽ˵ҪȻʳԡ
Щ˲Ը˵СŮǰʣζǽһӹ𣿡
СŮקק䣬͵͵ΧһС˵ģɳǽòôǮٺپ͹ˡ
ǮСӷԼ棬ñ˷֡
ǮݸشǸŮְشЩΪֵĴ
ϴ峤ΪʧߵĹΡΡڵϣﻹֹ˵ЩʲôȴеĻ
̾˿һ˿Ŀڴ峤ϣǲһ£ŰɫЦߣ
ûû
ӣǻ᲻Ҳ
˿̱ڵϵϸףɫǾ֣׵ǸΪû
ҡҡͷǱϾʹаȻӰ졭
Ծڴˣڿ
ǰһֱڽСŮͻȻǰӣҡܲڼǡ
ͣ½ŲСŮǰЦ㲻𣿡
ΪĵźСŮļˣ㲻ϼȴҲ¶кڰ飬µߺ󣬴峤һҵӻòù
СŮҡҡͷҧŴ֪˵
ڣÿŻһµӣǲȥѰʵ
һȥġСŮ˽ȥ϶˵
ζ͡
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뿪˴ׯһһ·϶Уؽ磬ߣһƬ߿ƮɢƺҪȾɲΡ
ǰ䲢ûֵĴڣԭһƬã󺣣ӣ򣬶Ҳһ֣һ򺣣һʣƬˮմȾʺѪҺΪɫ򣬽ɿݣʧȥˮĵҲһƬѪȺɫԹ죬ȫΪаħĵط
ֲڵϣ˳ԭΣ°ݣθӣΪΣա
һƬء
ħ򲻿ɴ⡣ˣһ䷨˱ŵַ⡣
ڶе֮ϵ֣ΣգϽܹ֪ͬ仯Ӷҵ֮ˡ
ǵһν֣ʮ֮ǰҪһҩ˴ȻӦ
Թ֮ʿħ޶޷Ҫ˵вӵϢѣһСıܵɡ
ӽֿʼԼ궯εĸоҪ˴ĸоΪǿҡ
ĵĬ䣬ͼѹǷݲǡ
ϦhԹְҴӽúܡ
ϦͬĸоҲǣʲôѹĵףѵʵħ
˵ЦɫףǱϦhſ¾Ҫ¡
ʩڼüһ㣬񣬲ɺ˼롣
ֵԹ֮ʱʱ̿Χ֮ߣĵ־屯ʹϦhСΪֲߣʧֵǽΪİȴΪأοС£ĪҪ룬
ã˳ָʩչΣɫŽлСʦ塣
˵ţӴóһƿҩָˣԼҲͬ¡
ҩڣŻ˵ǰ񵤣ʦƵģԭҪڴ˴
ʱʦ൤ҩȴֻ˵ÿֵҩ÷ǰ֪ԹʿӰأû뵽⴦
ʵҲһ£ûĸʿԸ̤֣ΪߵĲҽ룬ΪߵʿֿܵԹӰ졣
񵤾Ө͸ɢ̹⣬ڼϪˮһζѡ
µҩ󣬼״̬Ժࡣ
ż˼ǰ
ǵܺãӽֿʼȥԹţȻûаħǰŰټɳʿ̽飬Щħ˿̴Ŷ㡣
⴦Ӱ죬ȻûϮĵȴԽյĸо˿˿ܣ֪Ǵģ޴̽顣
УȲԾСʵСʦ壬ҪҪͣϢһ£
䣬ϦhܱæΧ
û£ֻǸоЩңԽ֣ܵӰԽ󡣡
ҪҪΪʲôûиоϦhת˸ȦŲӯ˿Ӱ졣
ʦĵҩȻû¡
ó񵤵ݹȥﻹкܶࡣ
˻ȥҡͷްҸոշùⲢǰ񵤵⡣
˶ַĿڣǰ߰ɣû¡
ĿڵָȴЩĵͻȻӿֳ˼


17 ɢ
ʴ⴦ֲľÿ£ԭŵ뺣ˮҲЩ죬Ϧhд˰ʱ䣬Ϊԭûߡ
ЩӣΪ£ϦhϦʵս鲻ϼǿһͻ˼С磬ϵúãԽնɱһ㾳ħҲ⡣
óսİҲɵնɱħޣǽΪϦhǸһ󾳽磬ƽ̿࣬ЩħﵹǱʱӦֵöࡣ
գѰ·ļһֻзϸ˵ʵҲȫһֻзü󣬵ǰ㽫ǰڵʵʵ
ཻзǿΪӲŹĹһǣ汳һͷúڹ꣬з۾ź⣬ڹһˡ
зҲ̫˰ɣϦhƫͷ²ۡ
ЩӼƵطֳħǽܲˡ
֮ǰ˵зζãڿ⣬˭θڳԣֱġ
Ϧһֱþ׼ףһ˵֮ǰ˭˵ȥҪһ
Ϧhɫ΢䣬Żģ˵ˣ
ԱŴЦǱߵĺ᳤ӡ
Ϧhɾ֣ǲЩˣ
зŵĳڹǰԴɫ۾ǰСʿݺܴ󣬲֪ǿʳ̫ѪµĻɫ۹ɫ
֮Ͱ
ŰߣԶԶϦhս
Ϧhȶ֣Ŀзŵĳڹ꣬⽻ң
Ľܿ죬ڹ겱ͬڹĹ
зȻῴܵ޶ԣǯӻžҪȥϦhϦ׾ʱзǯӺͻȻСʦ㣬סһзǯӣ
Ϊǽ𵤸߽ףոճ䲻ǯӣзӦһԵֵ
·׼Ϧ׵Ļʩɫӵסзֻǯӡ
з޴󣬼Լǯӱסǯӿϡ
¼״ֻȥϦǰסһǯӣֹзж
ûзĳڹܿ첻ϦhۿҪ齣ͷ­ȻͷзӲĿ棬ͷӲĵط϶ϡ
ⳤڹ̫ˣȻ˿Ϧhţ齣ֱڹƤ˼ֱӱһ齣
ǰһ棬ԼСʦֶŪ齣ʮѣҲ۲Сʦֶýķ̽תʾŻһⶼûУҲпǽ⡣
ͨ齣ڵֻڽ֮ʱʸ뽣ѡȡԼı
Ϧh齣սֻ˰µ齣ϦǰĲӲˣʰз
ϦգۣԷ󺰣ðȰзǯӿٿļȣͷڹ
Сʦ㣬Խзǯס𣿡
µͷȫзǯӷֿƣϦhϦһסһֻзǯӣסз겻ڿеĳڹͻȻϦhҪҧȥϦhˣϦ׳ûһƷնڹ겱ӡ
Ѫӿзϣִӹ⻬Ŀ滬䡣
зضǯӵ·عϦhˡ
תλãڰȫķλзĶзʵ̫ӲնϣϦhֻзĹѰ㡣
²ʦã۾
䣬ϦhϦ˱Ѹٶ㿪зһһ߽齣з۾УȻзĴ֮˳ûҵ۾Աߵķ϶зӲÿû˿ӱзƬ̱ȫʧȥϢ
ڼߣЦЩǳܿ졣
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һɫӰУ˶档
ݳñ£ɫЦߣЦ˵ϧϧΪСӵû뵽ˡ
ûдߣϹһϧ֮顣
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СãǸոԶ٣Ҳ͵ϮѣһȣҲ㲻ϱӰɣ
̯֣ΪţоǶ˵ĳ
նħұְ𣬺Զ֮˵Ϧh
ͷ˼ƺͨʲôڵĻһ˿ãûû˵ĻɱҲ쾭壬аħնɱʿ쾭顣
ڵƯŮޣЩֵʿ٣û˭ڵСʿǵ˼
ˣˣڵСвͬӣҲǸ״ӰɣҪҰѵһŵ״֣˼
˵ţ˴óһħħմȾѪ֮һѪ֮
ǰ棬ħ֮⼸˽һ뿪
Сʦ岻ɣ
Сʦ壡
ϦhϦִ齣һһߣͬ˰벽
ɣѰ
ϦhǲܸͬܵϵĲ飬ǰѵ˲׾ܶԸĽɫ
ϱֶκܶ࣬㿴͸˾ΪΣҲܱ֤ԼϦhΪ̫ͣĴܱ֤ܻŶԷ
ǵǳ𣿴Ӵ˴һֱ򣬳ֺɽؽ磬ǴʦʱӦѾȥ
Сʦ壬һ⣡
֪ǲԸԼʵڽһȥǡ
˵䣬˱õݺݿ˹һѪɷ֮أΧΧżˡ
飬ӯƮڿз裬ħײ𻨡
Ϊʿ֮ս伤ңϦhǸ޷֣ǰﲻħѪɷ֮ħΧ
࣬Щӱѹµͷð˳סһؿ˿
дħΧҿû취˼ǣ£Ϧh뿪
߰λСͬţɲɵ硣˿ŵžϦڵλϮȥ
¶Էߣ
һקסϦhȰΪߣֻСʦġ
ǣ
ϦףߣϦh۾Ϧ׵Ļ
Ӱʧִǰһѹĵ׵Ľ겻
˼СʿܵҲȤΣһҪ׷ϡ
ҡҡͷҲлȥ׷ǡ
˵ú㲻ԪӤ۷ΪϲЩ˴ŷǶѣʲôסҡ
ȫѹΪȫһ硣
Ѵ˿ѹסĵǷݽꡣ


18 Ѫˮ
Ƕħ޺ܶ࣬Ͱ˶ţӴħཻӿħֻöԶŻ۲˵ж
Сɳע⵽Χŵħ𣿴ǧɾ裬һСĳЩĿ
Ŷ񣬶ûע⵽Сɳ״̬̫ã
ֵ浶ݺᣬ͵ɷ֮棬˼Ϊŵ֦ˣһֻ˳ᢵèԼȦ󣬵ȴŶԷ
մȾѪмƵĵۣѪӿ
ǹҹз⣬Žְǽڷ˿һϸС˿ڣȵʱɫЩں󣬶ͷź顣
кңʱ˵ʱ̣ڳԸʦ뷨ĵӿֵϢһرػķ
ӦҪ뿪
־伸Ҫӡĵס
ǿִڵڵϣȿȣ»ǲҪ̫ŵúá
˴θӣħ޲ڰĽһȺħޣȻҲԼһӰ졣
޲ֵңοħޣʿѪ˵Ǵ󲹣ħа޸Ǽõʮȫҩ
ͨ㣬ͶԷԿ
״̬ʵڲãӰ죬Ҳһ̾ҪȫʧԼʶС
ʱħ޵ĵꡣ
ôʱ䣬ϦhϷطԶõٱ׷ϡ
򲻹ܣⲢһɳܵ飬ʲôûˡ
˶ǰǿŵʿемɲöԷӮԼԼƤܵҲҪԼ
ϾݵλĵӣȻ֪ԷбֶΣֻǣֶ֪ʲôܲĴӳȥ
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ƻ·ߣһ𽣣֮У޾ŰֽŮӭ°»ڶ˿ĳӱƮȻӯ
Ůкһ˿ƺһ¶ɢ䣬Լǿһȫһ
˳ֵǰڳƶ֣Ҫ¶Էȫһ
Ӱ
ŮڿƮӰ漴ʧԭأڿһһӰײڿɢ»𻨡
ƾΪƵȫеĽУɶԷٶʵ̫죬ͺΧú󷨣ֻһһδͽƽ·
ϦhڴˣϳӰǿɽϦдĽ
⽣Ҫ춮ͼλΪߵͣ㣬ÿһյĳͼĵλٶ磬Ӱֻڿһ˿Ӱ
־ɱĽС
⽣еıˣֱú
Ҫ´εײʱնŮ޵Ľ䳢ħѪζ
ϧһвûзôĽкȻһ䣬ŮӰҵļڿһ˿⣬Զȥ
ڿзУ絶ƬպۣӰһĵʵ̫࣬ǿŲʩչˣһжλУʵûоָС
һٶȼ죬ǱΪһ󾳽ħޣҲһʱ׷ϡ
Ȼҵģų䲻ʽӳħްΧȦȴҲڼٷйޣֻܼǰֻǰ˺вŵ׶ħޣӶ׷С
ϧ뷨ûʵ֣Žбܸо׷ԼӴħ
㲻ûͷҲ֪ħ޲Լɱݡ
ڵ״̬ʵڲãƾٶȾܴħ޵ӳ
Խڣ̺ŵԽŨƵղס
ڻ֣һнƣȻܵɣʱϰ˵ĻɱҪط䡣
ֻǣ֪ʦ䣬᲻᲻Ϊġ
ѹЩʵʵ뷨ΪԸĵӣôôǰĵ׹⣬һԸʶʱʱ̱̿
ĵطأһƬѪɫˮûȫɺԵĺˮȾѪȵĺˮ
͸֧巢аŵʹڵڵϡ
۲Ŵ˴Ѿ֮أһֱ׷ħ޷ʧûмˡ
֣˴ҪκһطŨӦûǿħ޵Ĵڡ
Ѳɣʲô̷ѪˮС
ϸ룬һֱ׷ŵİ˱˹棬ȤζѪ̷ϵСɳ
û뵽㻹ͦܣҲ͵ˣҵЩλɾĵӣ츳пɣϧҡ
ͬԣ˳һҽ̤ѪˮУЬˮ档
ע⵽һ㣬ͻȻЦǽСɾնɱ󶪾Ѫ˵᲻ҲЩֵħֱѪˮɿɲħʱͬţʦ𣬻᲻ΪɱǸˡ
뵽һ÷ӣСɾֽŽȫϣһϵһˣٽ˶ƬѪ֮ˮУҪЩһ˶볾ģ
ҪۿԷԹ޺ƬѪˮ֮л޶ɱĶ
ʱٽԷյͬʱЩͬŻϲϵ
ԽǿƬ̶ˮЩбԽѹ£һ̣ȻҪþлصѩɽͷľΪҲҪȥ
ҪڳԸߡ
һҪ߲С
֪ͷӺζûеõʦĴ𰸣û˵Լ⡣
˵ĵ˹̶ˮ治ƽˮɫϣʹȾϲѪˮ֮ɫ
ԷĹԽԽ죬ģǲбһȥ
Ӱ̶ˮԵƮƮǶߵķݡ
ߣΪ˷ܿǱСɾħĿڣСɾĺˣҲɱ㡣
˵ţĿ˽ȥֻȥһ㡣
ۡ
ⲻƤϵʹħͷƣѹȥ
ĺۡ
Ȼ䣬־þȹ̣Ҫȥһȴ۵һ˿ûУǰİħޱģ
ƽ̶ˮͻȻεѪˮðˮݣǱ˰㣬๾
һ˲ͻȻӵק档
ͬʱѪ֮ðһ˫ɫ۾ɫƳˮ棬Ű֮ˡ
ûԼͨѪħ建ˮ䣬Ѫ֮ˮڣģ۾ˮоӴӾߡ
Ȼ䣬ˮһɫӰ֣ƬѪˮͣ
ǰ߱˵ˣ
ʦ
֣þһ˿


19 
Ըס֣һק䱧뻳С
ĻůֱѪˮ赲⡣
˳ƻڳԸС
֮ϵǳҪĹâڵǿշ΢⣬֮ϵĺҫ޾֮⡣
̶ˮӳǳǺɺɫˮ淺Ůӱһ˴ˮԾЦֻӳŻбŵˣüÿ˿ȴɫ԰ףǳ
Ը̶ˮߣתȥһԽŵİ˺ħ֣Ӵһһѹ޷Ϣٺһһȥ
ϵˮ߹ôվˮ룬ħͰ֮䡣
˱ǿѹסۿźŮ߽ȴá
£ɫ̶ˮĺɫħϵڴӴһѰħ
˲ɵúսתҪߡ
ħǿк֮¾ҲֱԹ죬ͻǿʿĿơ
ɲҵģħǰˮ˵Ǽɵ
ԽһԽö
Ůޣ䵽˾ء
벻ףŮͻȻģΪβ֮䣬ͷ˱仯
ǰţҧ˵ֱԷѹϡ
Ůһ˲ãһЦԸ
ϣ̷ѪˮӦĺһѰָˡ
ԸԸ
һ͵ؿ˵оڲסľ֡
㣬ǳԸĵӣ㡭
Ļû˵꣬ⱲҲûл˵ˣҹմ壬Ⱦ׾ѪˮڰɫϣҲΪɫ
һ˾ôڵϣᴩѪĽҺ壬˳ڵ¡
ǲţĿ
Ըת¶ˮѪӣ˵ȥ
߹ѪߣЩΪѪ׹нѪˮȥ
ʦʦ𡣡ૣԹȥ
һΰɡ
ֻУʦԸŻỻһĺ£Ż޵Цһƽɫ
ʦеļУԶİĮ̫顣
ͻȻۡ
ȵ̫У絭Ưš
оԼĵطůεǰļӿԺ
ʦ𣡡
͵Ҫֱ˺ѵ˿ʹ۵
СЩڻܶ
һ˫ÿֳǰҩڣ΢˺ѵʹ࣬˫ͣǰΪ
ʦ𣿡
ƫͷһϮӳУŮϤÿݳǰ
ڡ
ԸӦһ˿Ц
ֻúһͣ඼
ԭǲΡ
ʦĳǰ޾Ѫо˳
Ը˵ȴƺһ飬ۿʪһˮ
ôˣޡ
ԸҪְᣬ͵ǰָȴͣ
ɫЩᣬָ۽ǣĶᣬСġ
ץס۽ҵָԷҪܣսͣ¶
ʦôˣ
ңΣˡԸЩСʼյӳģ
ԣʦӣǰһģһϢתȫʦģ١
˫ϵ¶ԴԴУůС
һ̫ʵѲɣħ
㲻ǳԸʦ𡣡žȻȴͣӿ
Ըʱæ׻е˶ΪͻȻǣǳԸǡ
ס֣ȴûнеĻ˵ꡣ
ִֵҡͷʦ𲻻ᴩ£ЦҲᱧסҡ
Ըᣬò̾ЩεζƣǳԸ
ס֣ҪԷֻʢһˡ
ȴԸ֣§סԷ˿ڵʹտԸľ䣬ŶԷϵ¶ȡ
ԸסһߵֲҶأڡ
ڳԸ˵Щ˵㲻ʦ𣬶Բԣ
Ըһ٣µˣ
һ³ԸӶԷ˳۽Ƿź죬ǿ޹ӡ
ֱյģɿκ鶼ţŲ͵Ͷ䱧е⡣
ʦһ׹һʶԣʦһʶ
ǰɫ׹ó׹ɢ⡣
Ůϴ޵Ц⣬ûǳԸһĨ꣬Ҳ˵ĳԸ

ԸͷңǼǰҡ
ΪΣ
˳ųԸչˣɻضԷϣʳԼĲ⣬һ˵ֳʶӦúͱʶͨ𣿡
û˵ĸ˷ֳԼ
Ҳ˵һ˵ǧֳ겢һҪڵԼ
Ҳס
ѲΪʦҪԼֳ궼ҪԼ
ʦ㲻Ҫ
ţЦϿɬ
Ӧ׵ģ̫飬Ķ
Ů˼ĻÿҲȫڵĳԸԼľҲ֪Ϊʲô
üˣڵ̫ȤԲŲԸֳͬ㡣
ƽüָüβԸ¶
عһʦ۾˫ͫ˿ıǵǣԼĵǡ
źúù۲ԷʦᣬᲢ˵ı仯ϣ˿ûµĺۼǴСʦ𣬻ǰˣֻͬͬҲԵʲͬ
ڵʦĮƽĺ棬ﶼ޹ء
ǰ˲ͬʢųޱȵĹ⣬һˡ
ʦΪΡ̫顣
һʧ񣬾˵ʶԼʲô޴ƫͷǣ㡢ûشҡ
ԸԼϵ˺ЦĶͷôţֲʦ𣬲˵ġ
ˣʦ𲻿£ûǸ˼
֪ˣ֪ˣδҺ۹⡣
ӭ治񣬳Ըͣ۹˸µСͽ
ʦ𡭡͵ر䣬ǲӦҪȥ
Ըæ࣬Ҳ˵ˣٸ
Ϊڣ޷ָϵ˲ûкȫԸӸոտʼ㲻ͣƳڵѾࡣ
ŹһʱԸͣתϳ˲㱡ˣûĵҩ
ӳԸ𣬺ΪһֱһƲЩ飬æ˸ơ
еġ
óҩ£ȴ
Ըһ߰ǵλþѪɫ̶ˮԱߣɫӺ߷˹תȦȴûеõӦ
ԸЦ֣ɫԥһ£ƷɵԷߣֺƵȥ䳤Ըָ
ƽĺѪðͷͫ׶ǡ
Ըתͷӡ


20 ǣ
Ѫɫˮ๾ðݣ¶һ˫۾Ѫ˻ţԶûжˮðӣƺҪˮγ
ˮȷڰߣ̽ǰЩԶûжְӼǰۿ¶ˮ彫Ҫ룬ȴѪ
˽ͻȻ볤Ըģ
Щ³Ѫ
ԸǵЦüۣοƵĶĽĿתǵѪϡ
彫Ҫȫˮ룬ͨѪ죬ֶĹɫ͸ӨէһЩɲ
ԸͣѪϣæһӻغˮС
ǰţԼǰ
Ըüͷ
лﶼ죬Ѫ֮ɫͺ֣ȣͺȱǰȼֱǷȫĻΡ
Ѫַһ̼÷Բħ޷׷ӿ𵴲
Ǳһͷı

Ը¸󣬷ֹ谭
վѪǰָߣѪƺ˼ͣ¶۾

Ը˿ȣȻֻһ˲ĽŲŸ棬ȷԼûп
ǧٹ֣ûмŵ
ѪЩֻ¶ͷںϡ
һССûм
۾һ
ԸЩ֪Щ귢ʲôʱܳ¾ڵԼҲǲˡ
Ѫɫ۾ųԸһ棬ָָڳԸİ
ȴʲô̼һ㣬ȻѪȥֱѶԷˮ档
Ҫ׷УԸæٻء
ܣΪʲôǸħޣ
ʣװڳԸһ
*
һºӸͻƣֻ벽ͻԪӤ
žɶгԸ͵ĴΪ˺õ͸
ЩӣԸÿնӰ죬ЩӦ֡
ǿԼı׷һɫСܣһһһţڵϹཬžһЦĿⴥŮӣԷ޵Цε
ˣ
š
Ըǰ´һ˵ָòָ࣬ϾҪͻˡ
ò˼΢죬л
֪ԼôͻΪԸֵתÿնдڣȻԼתġ
ҿʲôҲʦ𣿡
š
ͶˣΪЩʲô
ųԸϹŵЦ⣬ɾЩӦǰʦ̫ƽ׽ˣȫͬ
ѹһƿŲýѹڵµ
ۿžҪײԸһȥ䶨ڿС
̫ˣԼˮȥϴɾ
ԣ͵͵СҲ˻ȥһ̲ͣҪ̶ˮС
ѪˮȥҸɾˮϴ
һһɵò鲻Ը
úЦ֪ԼĽһ棬⽣ż棬ȴǺҲŪһࡣ
Щģɾˮ᲻᲻ң
һȥ
˵ųԸס׼׷ȥ
˳ƱǣǰߣŲЩں涨ؿǰˡ
ȫû뵽˻ǣԼôƽһ˲¡
Ըͣ½Ųʣôˣȥ𣿡
˵꣬ע⵽Ծæɿ֣Ǹˡ
ûоʱ⣬Ϊ˴ȻԼͬΪƽ֡
ʦʱ򣬻᲻ϸ񣿡ʡ
ع񣬷ûУʦܺá
Ը⻰˵ò̫棬ʱǼһڵԼ̫Ҳһ˿
ֻƮƮѪˮ˵С
ҲԼı壬ǳԸǵһʶ
Ը̫ţֽͣʦҺܺãֻСʱǣҡ
ʱ·ˤӣʦҪǣһСĵڵϡ
ҳˣ·ˤ
仰˵ᣬӺＷĻ
Ͼʦ˼ǣԵЩˡ
Ҳסԭ
˵Ҳǣ˻ҪǣţȷסԸֱһȻ
ѽǰĳԸʦֿȥ㣬ҲѲǵһˡ
ԸʦҲϲˡ
ǰǳԸϲ˵Ĺȥ
׷Ϫˮϵʱ򣬰СѾˮһȦϵˮϪˮ
ˮɳ˦մŵˮκɻߴתͣýָƺܸˡ
Ҳ׷˹ߵɴ۾ŶԷƺҲԼ
˿ЩСְתƵԸϣ̶ˮѪ
Ըͷûϲ㡣
Сε£ͷԷ˳Ųġ
Ըǰ⻭棬ȴ뵽ԼһưССڰϣ˵䲻ÿʵȴԺɡ
СʵڿҿԼ
С΢΢üҪң
ţô
ЩգʿСأ»ס
ȫʿСԼ¹Ϻӡ
Ҳ˵϶Ǳ֣һ׷ɱ
ǿڣҳԸ͸ģû˸Ҷ
ŮЦչŵĽһޡ
ҲЦ˵Ļʦ֪𣿡
Ȼ
ԸͣǱһˣ֪һУȫ֪
ȫ֪
뵽ʱôãѲЩҲ֪
ԸƺµʲôҲ鶼ֲ֪һֱ
ô˵Ҳȫ϶
ո־ͱˣ˻ס
Ȼ֪Ҳ˵
Ű˵㣬ɲʦ𿴵ԼǸӣŶԷ޳̫
̫֪ԡ
ǰ˽ԼʱΪʦΪ̲ס
ֲ֪ôͣһҲû취˽͡
ţȻ뵽񿴵ǰʦ𾱲һӡǣʦҲˣһλá
֮һжʧͺһΡ
æ̧ͷǰ˵Ĳӡ
ѩ׼ɢ˳ķ˿ڸǣԼԼڵţǷжء
ôˣ
һܿ𣿡
Ŀ棬ǵóԸЩ˼
ҪãȻɻͷԡ
ÿǰķ˿СģòӣڶԴʲôϡ䱦
ΪúܽԸĺϣǵȣҲ΢΢


21 ӡ
Ըͷڸŵĵط¶ǰ
ӡǳ͸, ΢ಱ䣬ӳС
, һʱ뵽ĲԼȻûп, ͸ǰ˵Ķ

Ըỽ, ƺЩѹ
ع񣬷Լֲ֪ʱ˳ԸĲӣץš
ҡ㡭Ҹոûע⡣ջ֣
Ըȴ̫⣬˳ưѳõ, ȫ¶ģ, û, ôˣ
ӡǳԲκ״, ǳɫ, ķͫһɫȴ۾ͷߡ
ӡǺһ֣һ˿һΥ͸жУ˳еĸҫۡ
ָָԼͬλá
û˵, ǳ֪ͫ
ԸָͣոԼλãո뿴
ͷһοʦҲӡǣѡ֮û, ΪǴ
һΪԼ, ԣҲ˲
ԭǡ
ԸȻЦӦǱҲˡ
, 
ûӡ, ҵһ壬ԶԶʧ
棬ԸͻȻת˵һԲ
Ϊʲô˵һ죿
̫׳Ը˼оԷ˵仰ʱŶ˵Ȼ˽⣬Ŷ
ԸһһУǰЦ˵ڳʦĳԸǿȻԲϵӡǡ
𣿡
ȻˣΪرȻزԸ̾˿ֱ̯ʾΡ
ҲЦòܺÿ
棿
档
ЦΪϿңӳųԸģ۶ˡ
ڷƮճŮӯϸˣбġģÿһ˿ڿУչǰ
һĻŮ룬ü۴ЦһƷ˿ӡǣͺһĿ
ĵ׾óԸÿӡǵĳԸӺÿԼǰֿɼ
һЦԼҪǰ˻
Һϲ仰
ԸһֱСȫչУһ絽ߣڶԷϵߣڵңĶܺ𣿡
գգۣɳԸȴС˵˾仰ûסЦʦʱԺҪͽ𣿡
ԸæҡͷȻûУҴͽ鷳
ܾԸʵԣٿࡣ
Һϲ㣬ĻҲһСͽ
˵ò˼𣿡
ԭʦȻϲͽ
Ҳǣʦֻһͽܡ
ԸЩļ磬㻹ûңʦңǲǲá
ܺãʦܺáʶԼʧ̬æ񣬡ʦܶ˶˵ʦ˪⳾ѩĮ顭
Ҳãеʦ˵ѩҲǰţѩʦ񰲾ƽȵĺ棬ЦСʱǣȥɽҺ̽㣬Ұѻѩɽֻѩɽ̫ˣ
ʦУѩɽ֣һһ顣
˵Ҫÿһ뿪ţܻ㶣ԣʦܺá
˵ûһʦˡ
ĺãҲȲϳԸ
˵ҾٿʲôˡԸЦȤ˵ϲ𣿡
ݸ濴ųԸ۾
ûϲˣϲǳԸǰ
Ըţ˿Щûϲ˲źãĸǧǧ̫ӳأ˵ġ
ǣ˲𣿡
ԸҡҡͷҲ֪
ųԸĲԷÿü΢壬Ҳ벻ΪԼѡ
͵ĳԸûһ·ϣһ˿һϾ鰮Һ쳾ģ
ңޣ
ʵⲻ֣꣬죬ǵһкܶα仯ҵܳ죬˵һӳѡ̫·
Ͼһ̫ˣһ˵ĻʵЩµȴ
Ը⻰˵üɣϦµĹϣǡôůżЦ⡣
ȴЩܣҪڵʦûѣûѩɽ̽ʦҲֻСʱҲʦ𣬶ΪԼġ
㣬ûк𣿡
ʵᣬԸһ²ŷӦаȻС
ۺ棬ܶ𣿡
Ըüһܶ࣬Ҳ̫࣬ҹϵõֻһλ
ʲôӡ
䣬ҲȻʦ϶ʱҪ
ʦ𲻷ˡ
Ըҡͷǿɲһ
ǺҪ𣿡
ͻȻͣ½ŲųԸһϪԱߴʯͷϣϪˮû㣬峺ףˮţ׷ǳ
Ըջظײ񣬡һõˣû˲ϲ˲֪
Ϧ𣿡
ǰ˲֪
ԸʲôЦ飬Ϧ̿ɲ㼫õˣдӣ˱дֻҪࡣ
뵽˲ҽһܵĻɢڸɢЩֿɲһСĿ
Ϧ˰Ļûţɹ֣ССڲƭһ飬ҪдʵЩǡԸᣬϦ˺ۡ
Ϧǰ𣿡
ڿɽϦ̵ۼãҲһ˿۵㣬ȫͳԸ˵Ĳһ
ʵڵڲ󿴵ЩɢĻʱҲ˲ԾĵطֻϦ̵̫ãҲΪνϰʾЩֻõĻȴŲ𴦣ȴڳϴŪȥ
ЩӼãɼжô
ÿĶӲҪ
żȻ⿪֪ÿһжʵڵģӶܣֻǴһ³ĬϦµܡ
û˵ԼԸһί
ڳԸĽУһϦ̵ģ⣬뵽ʲôȥʲôһˣЩϵÿһͬҪԵ˲ܷ֣ɹƾԵҪ㹻ĺʵȻһҲ޷⿪
Ϧְ̣ѻƻسԸһϡ
׹ƽ֮£ҹɫǹ΢ɢ䣬Ʊ紵ɢһ־ۼڵһȴ庮Ĺ⴩͸͸¶ӰӰ´¡
Ըգ۷紵İ
ųĬãΪԸ˵ʱ򣬶Էˡ
ûö࣬һʱ̻ණ
ԸƺǶʱԶϵǡ
ȹˣԵھصħޣʿ¹ޡ
ţһˣȻû˵գڣûһڴ˵Ĵ˵
Ҵû˵
ĸпͬԸƺֲ֣ͺͷĳһе˶ᱻס֪¹Ƭ棬е鶼ǧ棬£˱ʱǳ̬
ŵ˲ܱǣҲֻлţѡ˼ס


22 
Ըһִͬһ, ¹ͬϦhʱҪ̫ࡣ
ǰѸʱ仨ڹ۲ħϣµʱһֱԸԼĹ
֣ڳԸĹ, ɫɫ, ָ, ħƺ
дʱ䣬һ˵Ĵڡ
˭Ըȴʼղ˵
˵ȥ˼Ȼûбס, Ǳȫ
ȴò, һ, Ӧñ˼ס
ʦǷҲ, Ϊñ, ԴӲ
ЩˣҪԶûڼ
ԾˣҪ
ĿǰˣԸ۵ĺ, ǰճ֣ĵطؽһС˵Сʵܴ, ŷ˺ʿ
СǷ, øɣСǡлƽڡ
˵ں¶, Ʒ뺣У˻֮߳˵Ը, ͵֮ǰԸ֮㹻ϣήף
С˶˵һյյ˳źƮߣ
ͳԸĻһһյɫһյɫĴ򰶱ߣЩƳˮףЩͻذϣĻǳԶȥ
ͳԸĻƽţɫڰɫƺ棬ԽˣƮƽߡ
Ļֻдһ仰Ըʦ𰲺ãϲ֡
дʱûб˭Ը˸ţ΢죬ء
εúԶһյһյţѺյú
ǼĻ棬ʿʱ齣նܴ϶¿ǰ
˵һƵĴ˵𣿡
ƮԶں˻ףƽգַǷ
Ը̫ᣬȴҲ㱻ûȺ
ţ
ջźĿ⣬ո볤Ըĵдʲô˲Ը
ɻ󲻽⣬ԸЦקʾ濴ȥ
ĳһһС壬һ˵＾ԲϣƣдֿԸƻɵϣƶסŵΪף
һغСĹ¡
С塭
뵽һƬˮɺ֣ڵĶΣգ겻з˾סΧ
˵ıһ˵
˵ʲô
շŵƣдԸ
ף
ȻС
ԸüһЦǰϷӿߵˮɫ£ŮȻתֻһˣˣֺ֮ˣȻҲ
ǳӳں֮ϣŮſ˫ź浹ȥ淺ɫǿζ
Ծ뺣棬ԸˮŮӰÿӳˮ֮ϣںеˡ
ˣ㹻ϿҵĻȻܴ
ˮ˳ķ£Ǽ⣬ߴžӨˮ
Ըǳɫ۾ӳģӦһԼйصԸ϶ʵ֡
ɫ棬ǵһʱ
ΪԸˮĶҲŪʪˮкͳԸӣԸͺܺãϣܿ
ģǵĻƿ϶ܱ͵ǰ
ҹɫֵȺɢȥ
ͳԸɫ뿪С
*
һǣһǣŰټУۼƿǣҲΪңۼұΪ̻ʼ⣬֮ڸ翪ᣬռһλá
УؾҪʿ߷м깵Сջסˡ
ɿջ˵λŲ֪λʿ¼ƽаճջʿ淴Ӧƽƽ
¥λãϰһѺʮŮ˽ϾϦhϦףȫڷ˵ζУˡ
λõ괩¸һɫۣϺõůȤ۲Ϧhˣȡžһϡ
ӣ
Сקŵ˦ϦhǰǾڵӣ̻ʵӣ֪ĻΪӡ
˼ҼҹСڣλѲҪͬƽϡСŶ׷ϿҵǸקסĵӣ˴
ӣС˵˲£һȥɣ
귴ֱסӿ쳤ýŹסϦhǵȣС֣Ҿ֪׼û£ڸ˵ֻ۾ˣ
Ϧhһз⣬Ľźݺһȡ
ûò
Ӵ۵ôС
һɣʧ赲һ͵ˤȥ
ֻˡһľУջ˵Ҳͣ¥ĵطȥ
ӣСס졣
յСߣҧгݣɣӱӲǰɡ
ڳλʿСһһûסЦ
˵ۼСӣȻֿʼԼƪ۵Ĺ¡
ɫһ죬񾯸СקŵӰϦhǰţ˭ȱүģ֪֪۰
ϦhƷз⣬ͷ֪
̬Įܻô
ôû˭ӹϦhзǺҲûõӦ
ϦֻзȥʦƢ㻹Ǳĺá
ЦģǱϦhദ࣬˳קֻзҪ˵˲䱻ᣬæзµϵˮͣȴû뵽ˮǾƣɿջĺ캣ƣǧһ
һںþڵϣ磬һְǣһظðβŻ
ǣ
ӹСݹˮһڹȥźˣǲǣ
˭ôзѾƵϵˮ
Ϧ׿ű³ľίǺ⣬зǿջƣأǳȻҪҾʦ㷽ð㣬ְѵŲߣ˸зҲԼȵġ
ѯСԷæͷӣɿջĲ˵зƣܹģ
ָָˮΪβþƱջû𣿡
Ϧգգۣ޹Ǳ߲þƱ
ɣ뵽ھǺԶͷû뵽ôˡ
ϦhקŵӲɫŲһ㣬Ҳ̫ƭˣɲ밤ŶԷñɵ
俴Ϧhǰߣ̫óԣҸǵóԵĶ
ϦhҪŭƽģǣӲȱǮ
˵꣬һʯССʣȥɿջζȫһ顣
ԼС࣬קǰЩ첲ѹϡ
ӣӦǽްɣû뵽ǵĽҲûʲôʯȻǰЩȥһջóԵķˡ
˵ţϵľԶⶫֹѺȣǺȺõģ
ȫȻ˸Ƕϵ֪ĻΪʶĺѡ
ੲ˵ţȫȻ˵벻˵
ϦhʱʱӦ䣬ͻȻ߹ˣʦ㣡Сʦ壡


23 
Ϧh˵С, ջﲻĿֵʿҲ˳ſ˹ȥһƲۡ
ڵŮޣŮӶΪÿ, мǸ俴Ϊ, ȴЦų庰Сͷ
ڴʦϦѩ, ע⵽ΧͶߣ˲ΪԼصİµȥЩߡ
Ķʿ漴ע⵽ҲŮް¡
ͻȻ䣬¥λһվ𣬳ŮӸкӡ
˹ȥ, Ŀվ, ͷЦѡ
ջ治˶, ʿսڸ, ѹǲǸ, һ˳Ը״ӡ
˵ｲʿħõĹ£ڳλȻǰڷ¸Ȥ
ȻϲԣȴŶڸ˵Ĵ𸴡
Զ׼ڷڸΪͻ, ǸֱʾڣοǼԺͨӲͬ
мģܱΪӵҲһˡ
ڵһ֪Ĵ𰸣õȷĻظ, ˶ԳͶ, ͵͵ĽһʼС꣬˼лƴ
ͬһ, ǰԵòֵһᡣ
䲻ŵɴ۾Ȼû뵽ԼύѾȻ״ӡ
, Ϧh䣬˵ôߣ
ûԾְǰקקָԼ𣿡
Ϧhۣ㻹˭
Դˡ
קתԼԭϡ
ʦãɶ񡣡Ϧѩ̾ܲͬϦh
Ϧhûü˵Σ˱ԼӲ˹
ЦÿģѵͬҲ̫Сûô˰ɣ
˵ţԼӣڷϦԱߣŤͷ˿ڳλ־òԾŲ˵㣬ѵǸţӴˣҿԷɢôġ
ϦhĿɿڴҧгݣû˺޳ܿɫ֮ˣ˵ʲôͬһ㿴˵˼
ͽһŲϦµĽϣŶԷϵЦôﾯԷ
ڴ߰Թ۲ӿŵĽա
Ϧѩ֪̾ԷǶϦhΣĿڻԸ˼ϲ˵ϡ
ۼҵӷζΪ£ˣССȡ
СӣСhƽջѣ㲻Ҫͬƽϡ
俴ڴߵŮӼΪÿһú޹ǸĽȫͬϵңӴдСŮƽϣ
˵˭СŮ
ʦá
ϦhϦѩһתסϦѩֱ۲ɿ˵ʦ㡣
Ϧѩӣ߳ݹȥһ
ҲһСŮҪʦ㡣
һЦüĿŻ
ۼС㡣
һؾõؼоʱǰȥٶ꣬һȥҲ˺ѡ
ʶҽ㣬ˣǸո˵֪㣡
ۿɼ˷ǰԴмһϦףҪͷ쵽ǰ
ǳԸĵӶҽ˵˺ܺã˼˵Ը˵ڷ˳ħĹ£ǲģһ˵ԺҪ̳ʦҽƽǰѵңҾã϶ģ
Թ˵һѣ˵ÿڸﻹԼ˱裬˫
ǰ˵һ¾ܵܣ׶ԷΪǰա
Ϧh£һʱ䣬˵ԼСܻ࣬ʱ˲߰ꡣ
棬ɫƳۣһμСʦСʦܻҪˡ
ѣһ˵ô࣬ҪСʦôش㡣
ӭϦ׵Ŀ⣬գգ۾ҽ˵˺ܺãᣬģǲӦһһʣ
Ϧ׻شְĿͶϣӣҽϵܺ𣿡
仰࣬Ϧ׼С죬Ļشֵ⣬Ϧh޿һŲϲ˱졣
Ϧѩ޳ϦhҲ֪δۼСӲźãϦ˿İѽŴջԭλϦh棬ĵطȥһŵĿ
ŭĿϦhûô۸һ۸Σ
˵һŮӵѰhǸ
һȹݾ˫üۼ⣬
˵⻰Ц⣬ֻά
ԭŵ깫ӶЦЦĿϢ缦˻ȥ
ٿԭ޹ǱϦѩϦhֶʼ˽ŲҶ
Ϧɫ࣬Ϧh״̬ǲϼ֡
һһ߾ŵССʣûһסˡ
Ů˵ĵòճ䳡
񣬡þò
BϹգԹ˸ϦhԱߣϦףһϦhǽӲ壬Ϧѩϵȥ
ӣþòЩһֱڸһֱûʱȥл
عһԵˡҡҡͷŮʶĳ
ʮǰ׷˼ħ׷һؾҲؾ֮УһȺʿ׷ľBԷ˳ŶԷжʧദһʱ䡣
B˶ɣΪЩ׷ɱԼһʱջعһţһûҺһҪȥķŵķ۴ϣŽͨˡ
ദʱ䲻ܳһ£ֿҲͻȻûܺúø
֪Bգؾ˶֪Ӻ
һֱʮǰ¼ȨԼǿƵ̬ƿؼ壬ɽ˲Ļ˽⵽ԭ˽BҴС㡣
BЦʢŹ˵ദһʱ䣬ı˽⣬˿ðҲЦ
ӣһû䡣BЩȤתߣʱŶԷͬһ£ȫţҲûܷ½˵ԼգԵ޹ʧ˵һ㲻
һ˻ɣͰˮǺˮˡ
һˣ˴ϢĻᡣ
㡢ٹСʦ壡ϦhǺץϦѩ¼ŮˣɼԷһֱĺҲҪڡ
ŶҹСʦ壬ҾҪΣŮ˹һЦЦ
Ϧhᣬ㡢޳ܣ
˵⻰þϦѩĸ첲
Ů˲мƳһۣתĿŲϦϣЦ˵Сף˵˵Сhʲô˼
Ϧ͵һ˫ץӿֱŮ˵۾ֲѣҪ
СԶ㣡Ϧh͵𣬲ԼϲֱӰBƿ


24 С
ջһ, ƿŮȴǱЦ뿴ǵʿһȦŵЩͷҼ
һ㲻ϦhðԼ, , ԾЦӯӯ, ѰhԽ𣿡
˵ţȻϦh֣ۿžҪԷϦhʼһ, ҽ㣡
Ϧ׺ۿ, B
Bͣ, ΪϦ, һֱĬϦѩͻȻǰ, ϡ
ء
㣬黨ǲݣҾ͡ҽ㡭䲻֪ʱվסϦ, ̫еǰŮ˶š
ջ⴦Ϸ⧲ջ˶оһڴϣϻڣ, ۼйϵ, ܴ˵İ˽ȴڰš
æǰBͬϦh˸, һ׮¡
䶯Ĵ£B񲻹, ʵ̫С˫ͻȻȥң˭û뵽һƽﲻŵܶ´ȨѸ֮Ƴ岻ˣֶμ
УĵһǰѵʱһĸͬܵùҹоôĥԷɥĲ
ԪֹСȴڼУ⵽B֣ǡǵϦѺ̣俴ҹʽС츳õ״˲ٺö
BȻưոݣ˰СгָǵϲŰݡ
СֱѰh򱱺ס
ڵϦhϦס
ǱBںڰСʱ¹ӡһ㲻ã͸¶Ŷ˵ĺ¡
µʱֵ÷зһȥҲ˵ΪBǮֻҪ̸ⷽ治Ķ׷ɱŵ
ѣЩʦֶС㲻ҪǼƽϡ֧BϦѩ˴Ϧh뿪⴦
B뿪۾ȴЦɨϦh˵ıӰ˶һ㺰´ټŵϦh뿪Ӱһ
ֻͶˡ
Сӣȥ
ȥҽ㣡
*
B뿪ջһֱ˺Զȷû˿ˣſڣѣ㲻ҪΪʦֶҴ̺ɱڰɣ
ͣ½ŲΣѣ㻹ĪҪЦˡ
˵Bʱţദʱ̣ȴܸоBǰѪ֮ˣּB̬ȣȷ֮顣
BȻһЦʲô˼
װ֪ҲȥȰ˵СhС׼Ȼڣ֮ˣպҪٿˡ
пǣB֣һ㲻ͬ˵
ֻѪԣ˭˲ֻ֪ΪӻȨԲŶϾɱ
ƫΪϿBòӡ
BȰ㣬ðɺðɣվȹҵϡ
ЦЦB浽ʲôֻЦлѡ
BŲǳưͿˣȣʲô˵ǰЩһֱһӣǶཻã֪˿ǣȥСһ
ֿˣб顣ͣ⻰˵ѣԸһֱǵؽŻص׹֮УһĨ̫꣬òã͵Ҳ
뵽ԷԼ̲סЦЦ˵´ԼΣյʱԼ
仰е㲻̫˭ҲΣգο˶ֻ֪ΣŻ֣´μ»Ҫܾá
ⲢųԸڴһμʱʦ
ʵǵ·˳ԸʦǡÿԴڳйһ䡣
ЦЦЩΣû·ҵˣ治֪õϢ
Ը𷽲Ÿ뿪ۼңˣBǡÿǡһ䵭ȪˮһŮӣɫۣĮ߹
ѡ˵ͷ
BϵЦ֣üĿ飬ۡ
κζԷֻƮƮһְۣĿһߵϣŵɫͣЩƺ£ϷӦҵ𡣡
ͷ֪ˣл֪
ͬ˵תҪ뿪ǰBЦض˺Լõ飡
ӰԶȥBûͷƵϿԷɫ仯бB䵭㻹ûء
BЦǷ֣һ󷨣
㣬㻹ôBյߣҧĶ˵ô˷Ĺϵ
*
嫹˵ں֮شһ壬β顣
ϧδ˼壬һֱǱҲֻ⵱һ˵
ߣһɫ۵ŮڽʯϣԶԶ󺣣ƽ޲뷭Ĵ򺣰ĺγɶԱȡ
ʱҵ˳ԸԶԶͿ˵Ӱϸźʦֿ
˶û뵽ڴĳϾȻǳԸҲø˸˼ؾ
ʦ𡣡
ԸĵӦһźĿⲻƿ֡
ʦΪԼ־뷨̫顣
ִ׹ϵ꣬Ϧѩ֮ŵ֪ʦҲϢѲ롣
ʱԼΣ׷ֵʦȻϲ˵ȴڵԼ
һѪɫ͸һСֱϣСɼΪʡ
ԸûеͷȥһɫƮ뵽ϣԴԴСڣʱСЩҪּ´Ѫ֮壬ܲܵϢ
Ϣȫû˺СͼСڣ˳СľѹЩԭ궯޷ƵС㲻ڡ
Ѫɫ֮һɫ֣˳Сͷβ
ԸСĳˣ̫ͣͣأס꣬ںҽˮ֮ڣһͬԴѹЩΪͬᾫ
ԸȻû׷ϴһմ֮£ְء
Ժ㣬𣿡
סû뵽ʦûиûС
Щᣬһ֣ͱʾ˹ԼסС
һԸ֪Щƺ϶ҪС
ϵСò˵Сף
һӵֽСףò˵ûֵ츳
֪Լֲ̫ЦŶԳԸ˵ССףʦһ֡


25 
ײԸ, 뺣ĴΪһ塣
ײ
ųԸһ֣Ц, Ը۵ӳʱģ, ûע⵽ʱ, ͫз֮ʧ
Ըеָ΢΢һ£ƿֽĿһ޼ʵĺ棬̫ںˮ֮, Ź, ҹ, һһ
ԸҪЩʲô, ȴʼû˵, ֪˵Щʲô췢飬֮˾롣
ҪģԸޱһ, û취ΣյʱӶҲû취ܵ˺
ʵûһһ˵÷ѩһαף⼸ҪΪħ
ܺ, , ûһ˵
˽ƽ, ̫Ҫºƽ棬һֱð
ĿʼշڳԸ, վڳԸ࣬ǰ˵ĲеĹⱻ紵ԸķڵƮ
ٶ죬ƽȵٶȣһһ£ôǰԶĶ
ڴˣضʺϻ⡣
ȴֻܽĵ׵Ļϲѹ£еĹʧЩʦ𲻻ϲ֮ǰһһ֪Լò𰸡
ؾΣķǧСġ
ãԸĵ̲̾סλΪӳϣĴôһ˽ġ
һ˿⣬˵ǰ˵Ӱʧͺûгֹ
*
պ󣬳Ըһ㣬ûпӰ
ؾգʿۼؾ֮⣬ŵӽӶУٽؾǰȥȺûгԸӰ
ܸ֪ʦû뿪ǣϾʦδҪǴؾǻȥ
Сʦ壬ҳԸ𣿡
ϦhҲһȦڴĶûгԸɨȺﶼûС
ԸȻϲ˶ĵطСʦ壬ǿЩȥɡϦhסĳʹɫ½ӵϦhźţŲһҲסĸ첲һͬؾϡ
ؾĻһƬ֮УϦhקؾ֮ʱͻȻתסϦѩ
ûиĻ˼ʱ䣬վȵͬʱµľ
Сʦ壬Сģ
ɫʸ辴УŮӺ޷ݷ˲ԷλŮӺĿڴֻҪ˵ĿڣѪΪṩɡ
ɫƳգڰߣһס´ŶԷȥΪһ֦̹
ӫ˲նصС
ͨɫźɫ̣ǱϿºѡ
ʳѪ٣СʦжһںѰγ᲻ͣʳѪ
㿪һµ¶ټһOO@@
һ֣֮ڿлһۣ֮䣬Ҫնϣ̫࣬ڵϵĲ֫Ȼڵµ
Ϯ˷ֿ
ӰƮݣϮͬʱٻذնҪ
µķȥμ㿪ע⵽ߣСʦ岻õңû£
ʮѲնöȴԽѲͰ¶Ϯֲ»𣬿джأóȻյҲҪӳеĶ
ΪߣȻն࣬ȴѲΪ̫ΧΧ˹
¼Ҫ㲻ϮֻնϮ֦Ⲣǳ֮ơ
Ϧhڽؾ֮ʱתסϦѩΪؾλòһֻֿͬסİ¸һط
ҲϦhûиһؾΣգ̫ãѲĶ
С£١
һζ㿪ʳѪ٣óȻն֦¾ѣٽԼΧͬٳӫӫ̹⣬һûʳѪٵĿֲ
ʳѪֻѪҺ֮ͬرܣ㿪׷ԾߣٽΧס׷ʳѪ١
ûʳѪ׷˶ʱ֮ڷ⣬ǴȫڰĻ⣬֮յø
õϢ·ЦֺƲСʦ壬н𣿡
еĽĺã飬ʦȻǽޣǰѽȴģɾÿ϶Ҫϴ裬ʦûģǰѽÿϷԼǲϴ裬㲻
飬ܹԡ
ȥСǴΣСϲĺܹԡ
ԼûɵǰתȦ
²⣬תȦͣ¿µҪ֡
ȥµ֣ᣬƺ
Σѽﶼã̫ǰСʱ⽣Ҳϲʦ𣬲ܱܾٴζԡ
ʱסʳѪ٣ⲻǳ֮ơ
µͷҪ֧ţûа취һ֧һ
С£ʳѪ˽١
ֲȫжʳѪѷֵ֣طԭԣӰʹʧʳѪپֻγɣƽʱǱֲ֮ϣȴй֮ʱƲ׽Ѫ
н֮
Ϧһÿ춼ѰޡдʳѪ١ʱձ죬ҲСࡣ
ϦڻʲôдĶҵֻЩʵڲĿֻ־ࡣ
⻰Щ¶ǹǰ㲻ʲôֻҪڵӣ˭ûϦдĻ
Ƥ뵽⻰һЩûס죬µǣԸ𣬷׷޻᳡Ը񣬳ֱһģһ
ѲϦǲųԸģдǡ
ҲϦдĻӣƽ⣬Ļ㲻٣ȻҲдĶ
ŵĹ˼֣˵
һĬ֧֧ᣬպס
͡
ʳѪΣΪӲϲŮӰִַΪ֮ǰֶʧ뿪
ְ뿪ʱѾȥ˰꣬䣬ȫûзְֵ뿪ֱţĻˡ
һж£Ե߶նϡ
æȥѰ֣һؾ֮УʳѪѪȾʳѪ֮ʱ˰֡
ֱתͷߣ˷Ӳ°֣һƬʳѪ٣䰴ڵء
ʵ޷ξ飬ΪϦҪдϸ£ͺۿһ
ʳѪٵĶ鶾
Ҳû鶾ϦķչһȫûĶ
½Ż飬յΪһǳԸһһԶʵ˵ڡ
ҲΪӡ̣뵽˽֮


26 
ʳѪݽɵһ, ݽΪ£ֻҪҵ˴ݽߵԭ򣬲뷨, ܽЩʳѪ١
Ѱ, ʱ˱ȫ֮, óȻֻܹ߳
ľȻĸǿ
ڵΪʶ޷ͻʳѪٴΧѰĿꡣ
͵ϣʱ֧ʶѰ
ٱ⣬ʳѪûΪ˶ɢ, 趯֦Χ, Ⱥ衣
ΧһʳѪ, һɽͷһþ޴Ĺ, ֦ɿ, ֦Ҷƣŵɫȴ
¼ʶ۲죬ɽɱ͵֮ϡ
Сʦ壬ɽͷ
ɫ΢, ĺܴ
ɽͷǲԶڵҪôͻΧǵʳѪ٣ҪȥףȴС
ǿ֧ʶĺܴ, ܳѾ, ޷ʳѪ١
ֻ˼һ˲öע⡣
Ӱ
һʽٶȼ죬
·»鵤, ЩǣΣ
Сʦ, ɽͷһùմ˵ص޷ЩʳѪ٣ŻάʱǷֿжɡ
ɣ˵ΣķҲһ⡣
ͬҲ˵ؾΣգĻ֮ˣɥʧİ¸޷ֿ
ֹҪ˵ĻԼļƻ˵
ýӰŰ¼ٴƬʳѪ٣ڴ˹˽ȫʧȥֿܹ
ʳѪٺĶزǿӦòӰ̫
ðٽ˰һ飬ȥͻȻ飬һĨӰʳѪٷ趯Ӱһ䴩ڿһƹ˿
ʳѪ׷ȴϲϹ˿ٶȡ
֮䣬˵Ӱɽͷ׷ǵ糱ˮȥ
ǡҿ
ѪҺӿ
мѪۣڴʳѪ֮ʱСܵĹˡ
˿ڻϣϸСһѪ
ʳѪھܻպ󱬷ĶǿңѪ̸ʳѪܵĶӰ첢
½ⶾ˳㽫ر˳ȥ
ڱϣұ˿ڶ࣬ظǿһЩɫǺ죬벻ʵ״̬
Сʦ塢ȥʦĽҩް
ȶסӵĶҲʱ棬һǰһڶѪɫȴӲ԰ס
һ߿õǣֶؿƳ̫װ´˿̵
´ժһŷɫ壬͵ʳѪٶʳҵѪҺʱעأⶾЩ
죬˵ڵĻЩ
ڰΧһʩΪһ
ŰܴԼϵĶƿתȥר顣
ɽֻһɼ֣Ƥȴɿƣ֦Ѿ̬֮
ֵǣȫǿ̬֮ȴҶӣȻŵҶҲǿϸɻƵģȴһûд׹䡣
˳ʳ
һֱߵ֮¶ûܵ
˼ĿԶУ²ЩʳѪٱǱ֮
ȴ
ժȡĹȫûκ谭ժһһֱˮ֮ѪͻȻ˶ɳһתֻصϳ׳˯
ʧȥϿͻȻֹͣϵһĿҶ׷䡣
һҶɽͷƮ
ʧȥ
֮УɫƮڰǰͷձˮʪɫɢϢײ˳侭رƳڡ
ʱȥ죬ΪֹͣʳԵʣɽʳѪٽڴ߳
Σ
ɫɺܲ԰ףʣ޼ʱסҪˤڵϡ
ҡҡͷЩɳƣҰѶرƳڣ޴󰭣ɡ
΢Ͽժµó
֮ǰӦн˵ߣ´˴ݽߡ
һɹӶľʿüһǰ֮ĳʯ߼ۡ
ݸ£һţСһţӦõ
ֻһţһ˻ȥСʦ壬ֻһűá
ƻǿսһҪã
һ¡
ãطԣͣһ£㽫
Ȱ¾ܾóһڸ˵Ǵؾ߲ȫؾһὫϣȻзգֱӽ
ɡ
ЦҺʦ𶼲Ҫ㲻ͬ㷢ֵģ԰ΪȻĸ֪ǲɶ֮
ܶʯ
ܵͣ˿̱ͺҪ
̾СʦֶӣԺҪԿ
Ҫ߰ȴ֪ôӺ˵ȫ
һ˵;˵ǲȥҩɽùȥڵɽͷš
ǰΪȥҩɽҪôΪˣҪôΪȱٵҩҪʧȥһʯΪû¾ͰţҾֶ飬ñԷҪô仨֮ʧȥһʯҪôɽͷ١
ʵڿ¡
õȻҪ¸ϣúø˵˵
ҲȱʯһţȽȳؾٽһŽ㡣
ʵñʿ֪ǵõһᱻ׷ɱ
Щڷ֮ãɱ˶ᱦ£˾ռߡ
֮Ĳޡ
ձ˵ר
СѪʳ֮˯֮ٶҲ
һ£֮ҲΧɽͷ̽һջҩõһЩڵ
һʱ䣬˺Ϊƣʱ䱻ࡣ
֮Ĵӽֱӿһ󾳽磬ΪԪӤ
Ȼ֪ø񣬲Ƭ̱㲶׽
УתצתƤ֮Уһ
صڵϣŮɺÿһɫ۲մȾһ˿ҳѪۡ
Ѱ˴֮ʱǡÿһĻ
Сʦ塣
һЦȥռڵ
ܵı仯Цϲʦֶ
ֺǰյٶȣҪͻԪӤٻʮ꣬ھֱͻˡ
˴οؾʱΪ꣬ؾͰڽ֮вûͬš
Ǻйַֿܿ
Ҳһ֮ΪͻƵﻯ۷塣
ؾرջ£ͰԼõĵص棬ؾйУ¾ڸطѰһԵû뿪еطΧ
һܴ֮ʱţúܴؾûбܰĶðȥѰң
ǸջϲգŷκͻȻ
ãСhΣգ


27 Ԯ
ˮ¹
طһƬ纣ˮ, ·
ߴˮ棬ˮʰ쵵ĺۼ
ˮ¹һδ޽ɵķĹδɵƽ̨, ǧϺзһȺʿΧ
ϦhڵΪ, ƽ̨֮ϱ󷨽, һʿ籣
СӣСӣ
ʦô
ҿͬŷԮϢյϢԽǻȵļԽ󣡡
Ѳ󷨽磬Ҳ֪ܳŶá
ԽԽܵȵԮ𣿡
ѻ죡ɢһҲʲôͬѾԮҿɲһ⣡
֪㲻ˮ, һ㱦ûŷ
, Ͷ·ʿʼ౧Թ
ϦѩΪ׵ڵΧһȦ, ڸλ󷨽硣
Ⱥ֮, 䱻һȺµΧ, Сʹ߿޺ıУǵΧͬޱȵǡ
һȺҪ޳ʱεڵصȻعⷵգץסҪС, ҧгݣңû㡭ҡɥޡ
Ļ, ΧۼҵͻȻ, 漴ֳ
Ҿ˵Сû£, ŵҪˡ
ҿûϵСȿ޵ģ
, ʹС֣ⶼٴˣ
СӺúõϢҪˡѹ¶һƬ״̬µҩڿԱĻϢ
Ϧhɨһڽеͬѣ١
̺ŵ޴󣬼ͬһʱ䣬ԸŸٺʿҵ
Ϧh˴һʿκһóؾıһȺ˷
ѰУʿ֣ΪӲ顣
ԭһ˲ûвЩ˵ĶУͬżۼһ˶ڣûɢ޺Ͳ۵ʿƴǡ
Ͳס̰֪˭ɢǵõرϢĶʿһ
Щ˱óرҪɱԽսһҲ˼ʿⳡսС
Ǵû֮ʱ֪ĸܳһȺϺз޲𹥻Ѹײڶ֮ʿ
ˮ֮⹬ǿȶɹɱ
ԭһŵʿǱŽرҪ
ǱΪڶĵ˴ϼˣ޷ֿҵĹ
Ϧѩ֯û˵ĵӳ𱣻󷨽磬󷨽ǿɽÿһλӵķɣԽ࣬ΪԽߣ䱣ΧЧԽá
ͬʱڳֽ֮󣬾ǽϽͬŵӱյźţǰԮ
ǰˮ¹Լõʱ䣬ھ󲿷ֵӶֶͨҵǵĶ顣
ʱɽʮλ֧ŵĽ緶ΧԻڳˣֻģ󷨽ñ
һֱŲǺõİ취Ϧѩ»鵤Ϳյָ롣
ϲܴô鵤ûǰǳһս֮ͻƳȥ⡣
ڣڽʿ඼ڻָ˻֮಻
ۼʿ״̬ãһ֮£˿ʼ
ڵĻָЧʣ类ƣ˶Ҫ
ۼҵվȻûа취ά󷨣ΪǮɼңۼҵȱҩ
ۼҵó鵤ڳʿ׷Ч£鵤۸ˣϺõĻ鵤ǧ֮У൤ҩ˲ָǾĶ
ϺзɲԥĻᣬ类ײûζĵһ˿ԥƣʿŵϺû鵤˳ȥ
ŽʵǲŸҰȴָ
һ̣ﻹǵ֮ǰĵ򣬵Σѱƽ˵ʱǻѡ˳ƶΪȡů
Ϧѩ֧ŽĵӷΪһָһ֧Ž磬ֻ
죬ľл鵤
˷źŷ·󺣣ûһ˿
Ϧhɫƣʦ㣬Ļܳȥ𣿡
ʣڳʿҲ롣
ȥźʯ󺣣ϺзԽԽ࣬ӳȥ
ϦѩϦhļ磬ĿһͬţеĻڿ֧󷨣еֶָš
ؾ֮ڵѾյźţֻʱ⡣
Ԥ⻹Ҫȶá
ؾ󣬻ԵҲסŲܶʿҵԵȴڼɹ֮ʱΣգҪأ
ؾ֮Ҳ֪Σգؾѹرգ޷
Ϧѩ϶˵ġ
𣿡
ϦhģǱ˪ӣǰغѱϣ
СȴҲʲôôöûһԮ˵Ѿƣߣٳȥˡ
һ飬Ҫп˶
˭뵽ߵһ
ϦѩϦhڻдЩɬûа취ı״ߵһΪʦ㣬Ӧƴͬš
ڣ˵ɥĻסϦhק֣󣬹ɡ
ˣСʦء
Сʦ壿԰Сʦڣ֮ǰ˵СʦͰʦ㣡
Ǳ޷ıƣ˲ܴͬƴʱĽ֡
Ϧhһ񣬴Ϧѩ˳ҪúָǧûȵСʦǾ͵ȥ
бʿҲ룬ץÿÿ죬ձðֽš
ڽ罫Ҫ֮ʱǵ˾Ԯ
ɫЯӴΧŽϺз
˲
˭ˣ
һѽ
ǰˣ
ʲô
ֻһ𣿡
þˣþˣ
Сʦ壡
Ϧh͵ش𣬽飬ϺзǷɨͼϦh
Ϧhǲǲˣô𣡡
ɾһȺϺз˿˿ŭ
ڰΧȦ룬ϦװµҲŵǰ
СʦãѷĵϢ˵ƲϦhߣݸԷһ´ƿ
ϦΪףʮλڵӵǰ棬ǰԮʿ֮С
ȥ˲жʿ˶ⳡս֮С
һһҹɱǳɹնɱϺзޣ塣
ǲֻڴһ
ΪԮʿǻָٶȼӿ졣
뿪ˮ¹֮ʱû˼ѰϾ´ЩϺзޣǿɲһĺӳȥ
̫ҫˮ棬ֱϵʱ򣬼ʿ˿ǲûǸյˮ·Ĺ
϶ˣȴǼõġ
ֻǣ鲢ûܾܳá
Ϧѩںľ޴ȫ̶ڳŽ磬˿и
ΪǿϦѩѹźصĵӣʱ򼸺ƴڳš
¸Ϻõ鵤
ⲻ֪һȺħϢǰΧ


28 
, ڵΧһϦhϦѩϢֻ״̬, ʱʱҪƳһʿ
һ·, ͬſ˵ˮ¹, ҲŪԵɣۼλúܿǣȥǵл
ڻУ°˿Ϊʹ, ֲ֪ܵʲôӰ˾, 滺
æЩ, صͬϢĵط, Ϊˮ¹Χ, ҶžһֱŸ˿
ϦɫףĹİϦh, ȳؾһҪһһˣ
Ϊܴбûܰʱҵ飬֮ͻȻյͬ, ·䵥ͬźˡ
ûҶ, ȴʲ
°ͨվһߵ
Сʦ, ҪҪϢһ£
մѪͬûоǳս, նɱΧ˵ˮŪЩ·ȴǱ˸ɾࡣ
˵λãĿɨշµλͬţҲ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥҲ̫ۣǺúϢɡ
ֹ⼸Ϊܾϵ͸֧˺ƽ󷨣ִŶնɱޣܲۡ
ҲܿͬŽģûһͷ˳ţЩ˲ҰϢ
ҲȥϢһ°ɣҲܴ󡣡
Ŀ䵽ϣ˶Էϵƣ̬
˱Ͳó˽Ҫ˻˵ñһ껹Ҫࡣ
Щʿ飬һֱ׷Ű죬ʵΪ
Сʦ壬Ҹһ𡭡
ʦ֣
һطάµƽ
ѭȥֻһޱһֻɫƹᴩ࣬Ѫеὣȥֻ˲Լٶͬᴩš
ʬ屻˦һԣֳױ¶¡
ħޣħ޻ˣ
ֻһ
ֹһǿߣ
ԣǱΧˣ
ڵ˲侯Ϧѩɫ԰״̬ǲãߵʣôôħޣ
ҡͷгʷ̬
Χǵħ޺ܶ࣬ˣʿٶˣ󲿷϶ˣû˵ҲƼΪ
ؾбڡ
ǽؾиŸţвȱܣʦڣħ޻
ǺܲϦѩŽɫޱࡣ
ЩħΪǽ𵤣ԪӤǲΪȶǸ˺һǻ񾳡
һȺУΪҴʱ״̬õı
ԭɢڸʿ˲һ£˭ҲǸᴩŵޡ
Сʦ壬ô죿
Ϧ״յߣû˷ŵߣý
Ӳˣ֪ͨ˷źš
νؾŵӹǧˣӦɢؾ
ͷǸħϵѪѪɫͫ׳һʿ˹ǴЦ⡣
ȻѪ
Ϧ˿Ųӡ
üͷ𣬴ħѪɱ¾սǹʿ֪ʵǼ¼ƫħ޼¼ʿĲʿ¼ħҲƫ
ǰħսħʦԸΪսᣬЩħһֱһ˵ħ粻֣Ȼ춯ǵһʽΧôŵӡ
⽫Ϊʽսźš
ħޣħޣʲôֵġ
յߵɢһգգǰħޣֹԼһ鱻Ū
ϦƳ۲ʶɢޣһ㿪һ㲻ԸЩΧǵ˴һ顣
ɢע⵽Լڵˣ𷽲˵ˮ׷£Ϊӡ
ѵҶСһЩҪɢ
˿̵״̬ȫʢʱڣЩǸħսľ٣ϦhϦֻû𵤵ĵӣʵڲܴ⡣
ۼӵܲɫյǶǴСʸ͵͵קקϦh䣬hѣ˶Ǻһ¡
͵ϮΧڵûв룬һۼҵһʮˣˮˣֻʣ¾ŸһڻԵ䡣
ĻַһԮźţ˾ԮĹ̻ҵϤ˱űȽϺá
Ϧhò⣬ĿϦѩϣߵСȻע⵽СЩսľӣԸǵĶ𣿡
ڣȻȥϦѩһ˵ϦѩҪ˵öࡣ
Ȼ˿ûԥͷСӺѩһ顣
˵صıϦѩϦѩߣɵڻڵıΧ
Сʼˣ˿лӣǶġ
һۼҵΪȫڽ֮ϣͷŮΪԪӤһȺԾɢڶһһλ
ħ޲ΧмʿȻ׶
ħϵѪ𴽽΢΢ƫͷָһһµţƺϸΧʿж١
Ǽ尾ģͺЩΧǴ׸ûҪǸϵ⡣
״̬ãʱûС
̲ûгܾãħ޵ͣڵ㵽λãͻȻ¶һЦƺûȥ
˻ûӦʱħ޶ˡ
սһ߽ϦѩΧм䣬óսİºΪϵ͵ĵǡ
ɱħǱΪߣҲǸѪħޣҪᴩһʿŵʱɫĶ
Ƶʿڵأǰӳһ֣ƮķһŮѣС󡣡
䣬һħ޽ҪڵϵʿʱӦ
ԴԼͬΪħޣ˿иӸոһжϳħҲڻԲ
㡢
ħɳƣͻȻ־˵Ϊ
α
ԹţǳŮ츳ãΪߣһͻơ
ţֺѸ٣һ˼ûС
ħ޶Щˣһɱ

ɫһһʮ߰ѽΧߣ齣ɻӰʵڿ½Ӱħޡ
ħɳֿȭӲҪ̽ĳ顣
Ľлɫħࡣ
һѰѽħߵĺԽԽ࣬Ѫ
ʮ߰ѽÿһѽ֮ʱûɺģʽʶҲ
ûĽмǿĹɽɵÿһֻɱС
ʮѽ֮ʱΧħ޵ĽͻȻصߣʮֻɫΧħߣϣ˲ը
֮ϣѤ׵ĺ̻ըҶʿһ̧ͷһĻ
ŮִڿУʮǰ
Ӱɢȥħһ±ը¶ڿеƤ˰̺ۼӿѪ˰̽ݺᡣ
ȴЩ˿ڣסԼŮޡ
ӣͷǸħޣ
֪˭ôһԭ·ʿ˲ʿЩһֱսʿҲսС
һʱ䣬սִ䡣
ѹɺӿǻѪȣǱʺѪҺȾ


29 ̸
һʽļ, ȫʢʱڣֱ齣õӰɱħޡ
ڵ״̬治̫, ߰齣黯֮ʱ, ЩŲס, ⲻãǿѹӲʮ齣û뵽ħ޾Ȼ
ȫǿ֮ĩŲʹԼӿе䡣
ħѾˣսҲ˷˱仯
һս, йһκʿϸ, ħͷ, ڵӵĽŲ̤ɱС
ѪԲ԰׵ĴȾ, Ѫ˳Ŵ, ʳָĨǵѪֽŰһ̲и
Ȼ֮, ħԼٶȳ
˵Ӱڿһײ
һսУÿһ˶ó̬ȣಫŽޱȡ
һνͷħ޻ڵ֮ʱ, սڸһ䡣
ħڵҳһ, ˣͷ, ʺѪȾ
˳ھħ޲ԶλãҲûõȥ, ϶ץۣȥԼѪжԷġ
ͦúֱִ֮ǰ
ڶħޱģ塣
Ůϸһòħ˵Ů޻Ҫÿ
ȴִڰ֮ǰҲ˺ۡ
濴ʿһ羰ŮȾѪȴǴ˿ǱģҪϰٱǰǵͷߡ
ţܹ뿪
Сʦ塭
ϦѩߵİüͷӳŶһ˵ڰ֮ǰӰµʺ죬Ѫ˳£ɽ⴦ڵϡ
˶ûע⵽µѪ
ںܲá
ɫ۵ŮͻȻڣ̧ͷȥ˷ϵһۼҵɫķ߸𣬸ɾˬҲմ˲ѪۣȴʧС
ۼλԪӤͷŮӡ
ˣҪЩֹѪ
ע⵽ŮӺ󱳱µ˿ڣѪʹɫ԰ޱȣҲ
Ůֻƫͷ˰һۣǹһĨЦ˵Ƥ֮ˣҪĪҪġ
óҩƿݹȥ˺ܶѪ
ħ޻δȥ˫ɶţӿӶͷħް˰֣ħ޶ЩƺûٹЩ˵˼
˶һʱ򣬹ŮЦ˷һŮӵӰħ֮ǰ
ٰ֮ħڵء
Щ˶ŶñЦߣŮŵ߲̫һߵЦҪӲ񣬼Ϊ졣
񣬿ǱӣȻһС˳㣬ǿЦҪûʱ򣬶ԷѾ˰ɣ
졣
ħгϰ߲˾˼Ϊˡ
͵رŮӣסԷӡ
񣬱һ·ˡ
һ͵˦Ůӡ
ȿȿȣ
ŮؿڿԣΪߣûܿʱɫΡ
Щ˺͵һ
ϦhץסϦѩ䣬ͻȻԷˣæɿ
ʱǸ¹ӡʵڲã
ϦѩŽվ۵֮ǰɫǡ
ϦhǲͬΪŴʦ㣬ЩȻ֪ģ֯
Ҫʤս֣ǿħ޾ϰ˼룬Щ˿
ۼʿע⵽һ̯Ѫ˿Сֹ쿴ӵ֣
󣬿⽹ƵķΧȴΪԣһʱĿѪֱϡ
ע⵽ߣԼŽֱϣԶһ¡
ΪһţһߣŮһԾΪͷˡ
ȤһȺʿ˵ɥĿͣϣͻȻЦ˵֪ҶɣҸһᣬҪҪ̸һ¡
̸У
ʿվǰȴ˿иʧ֧ŵǰ棬ֱΪʧѪʼľŽҪ
ʱս˶еƣ룬Է̸ƺҲǲܽܡ
ô
Ҫ˵ŮĻţָʲô˼
ǣǲͷ¶βò¶ħһ϶Ǻˡ
ŮĻʿ߼˻ֻ˲Ǻܴ󣬸ǶԸԼһĲΡ
ȴΪУΪ˱ʾ⣬ȽһԼǿԳƺΪţ
ո˵ʾ⣬⣿ֻ˵һ֣һȡţ
϶ڹǣλѣǧܱƭˣ
ֻöһţǰ΢ЩģҪ˵ȴɵ
һӰȺסƽǵ˿ϣǰ¿סֱ۵˿ֹѪ
Сʦ壬ںܲá
ۿ΢죬ЩʣոշסһʪԭֱֻϣҲѪ
ܰ˿ڣȴûԷȱʧڲԪӤڵΪٸһЩͺˡ
û¡
İ£ΪմѪĨ֮С
Ȼע⵽ĶҲһȺʿۣͣǰŵİҲ
ʿ趢ǡ
ҲҪ£һһõˣ˵Ҫ̸УڻԼ
ħ񿴲ֱ̬ⷬһɫ񣬡ȫɱ˾ǣα
ȴЦĿϣϵ˿ڣǣҿɲ񻤷ͨȻҪ̸С
ϵ㲻ƣҲŷ̡
˵꣬ħô룬Թתͷ
Ҫ̸У˵ҪȥȾȱ
ȻǸǴȥ˭ҪЩħ̸кֱЦ
Ů죬һ˽ʿ䵽ڳÿһ˶С
һ˲ϦѩקסϦh
ϦhĻЦȻķΧСãȷһ˿Դ𣿡
ָָǰ˵˵Ҫȥ
Ϧѩɫ΢ϦhǰȻܴڳѡ
ӣħ޽ף뻢ıƤǴ
ִǰһϦѩվһۼҵӵ̬ȡ
˵ûǰħ޲кţһսңħ޺ɶǾܱɱΣ
ڳȥѣЩˣ
֣λȻǵʵڲ˺һҵΣ
˶ҡˣ˶ֵ
ˣЦ˵ҷſǰλӣӶ԰ɣֻҪߣҾͷˡ
ɣ
Ϧѩϡ
Ҫӣ
ôӣҾ˵˲ģӿǾҵȵ
ǣΪҪӣ
Ϊʲôֵ˵Լߣʳָһһüλá
ͻȻͣ£֣ȻǿȤ
ô̸кܲɣһ˻˵ֵá
ϦѩߵߣһڵӣڵӲܴڳκһλѵҲСʦ뿪
һһ٣ڳڵӶѡǰ̬ȷ


30 
ŶĻش, أ
Ŀɨһڻδ̬ʿ
ģѲ²׽Ķ, ֧ÿһ뷨, ˮ¹, ǿΪرָһȺˣΪ棬Ҳ˻ͬѡ
ȻһλĻȺ֮м˻Է
⡭
˵Ŀ滰, ֻҪӸ߾ͷˣ
Ҫô, ħģ
λ, ǲЩħ޵Ļ
, Ҳҷģ
Ҫ𣿡
һ˻˻, ܹƽ˵˻Ҳû˵Ҫ
ڳ԰ˣ죬ֻкٵ˵˷Ի, ѡӶ˵ѡ񣬽һ˻
ǿӣλɶ֪ԸΪ̣ҪǰЩ, ȥ׼ûùӳԣ
ʲô, ôˣԸΪ֮׻ܰǶɱ˲ɣ
Ҳʶ, Ц˵λֻҪֱãԼҪߵġ
⻰ڳλ˼, ʿӦ˵ãǴӦ̸У
仰䣬ʿ뿪ߣ˵ս֮⣬ʣһЩȷĴʿҲѡߣֻۼҺͲʮ˻
Сʣ˵С뿪
Сʿ𽥱ٵˣԥǡ
ûпǣСӲʧ
ڻ֮Уû˿Ա֮С´Ҳ˵ս֮⣬ſһˡ
Ҹߡ
սȥû壬ڵ״̬һζǴЩ
УСʦ壬Ҿߣ
ϦhǵһΣҲǰôһֻСʦһˡ
ϦͬᶨûǾͬ⡣
һĬ˵ԼİҲס䣬˵Сʦ壬㲻ܸߣҪߡҸһ𡣡
޷ϵˣҲԸͬţҪȫĻԸһ鱻ߣ֪ûкý
Ϧѩİ¼򣬲ͬ˵ǲᱻߣնСʦ嵲ǰҲҪǵСʦǰˡ
棬ĿɨÿһӣΪŴʦ㣬ŵӻ뿪ؾ׾ÿһ˵ҲΪŵĴʦ㣬Էκһͬš
οƽﵲǰСʦ塣
֪һսûϣ
ûǾСʦһˣڵԳħΪΣŽŽƣһˣ
ϦѩǸ⿴ۼҵӣΪվͬһսߵѣȰѣλѣǿЩ뿪ɡ
һ㣬Щ˷ڣҲˡ
ɨͬţۼҵӣҪ˿𣡡

ЦϦѩ˵˽֪ۼҰƣͬ飬ˮ׾ȹǣְСˣ˿ҪЦ˵СҲͬ⡣
ûܹӵİҲǵȱ֮ˣ
ҵΪССɣȴҲ֪ͬħͬۡ
ıȳѪȾ죬ϵ˿һ࣬ǰˣֻЩλǲˡ
ĿͣǸ˵ܹԼɢϣ˿ͲڼҵϤס
ڷĳɽ֣Ϊһ˼ҲɲҩɽʧѪεСʿԷֹѪ˴˼Уҩ
ⲻֵС£Ѿôֵ꣬Ϊ˸
ӣµϢɣȰˡ
µ̬ȼᶨȻ£Ǳ׼
ϦѩЩ򵥲ȴһԵΪׯء
֪ʱߵߣ˵Щ˻ûǰαɱ𣿡
ǰһµļˣһѯʻЩ䳦ӣҪɱ˾ͿЩ
Ȼԡ
Цס񣬽ƣץһץһȺ²öˣҴЩ֣£ŵĴߡ
Ȼ˵ҲЦţȴ˾ó⣬λʾһȺ˵
һλϦѩǰһȺ˻󣬰ָ߰
еӺߵʿһʮˣ϶ˡ
ƺΪʾƽɳͬͷԼûг֡
Ϧѩǰ˺ڱأֻĹڰµտ£ڴŻָ߳ɡ
һȺ˵ΪߵˣǱűľģֺֿݣһʱԷ·硣
ֻϵ˿ҲԽԽࡣ
ڵܿ仯ǵУɫ̫ױѪȾ졣
ǲҵģԶսʿԸ
ǰⳡܰĵϢָԴԴϵ¹ڣֹ˶ԷĶ
ŵСһֱûжͼ̼ѣȴûеõӦһֱڳ˯ǻϢҪΪСǸ
ʶϹǰ׹ķ˿˿
ɻл鵤
¼Сʦ壬㲻ٷû鵤ˣ
ѷŵսѾɣǼ㣬ǻԾ˺
Ȼ֪ԼΣΪˣܿ˵ǰ̾Ϣ֪С£Ұɡ
ʲôĴܳܣ»ó˻鵤Ҳ֪ڵ״ûа취ģûһ취
ҩڣɬͬǻѪȵζһڻȥȷӿֱѹ¡
Ӱ
ǹսӰ죬֮٣ÿһͣٵλöڰߣÿһͣٶһ˵¡
һϦh࣬նɱҪ͵ϮϦhİˡ
¸ĵҩʣţ治ɫһ룬˸
ʮֱ߰¶ʮˣЩ£Щ㿪ЩֱӴƶԷš
ƣ
һ£ÿһߣѤը
һ̻һʢţ
͵һѪϦhæס
Сʦ壬
ῴ͸֧
ް
Ϧhվȣսֱ΢ͬʱƶʮ߰齣ͬˣľ޴ʶҲҪһ˲伯зǳ
ûиǴϢʱ䣬һλа˶뵽ս档
˿Ż鵤ϦhǧСġ
䣬׷ϦѩߣһֱϦѩͷڱ˶һۣϦѩԾƵһ
䡣
֮ƮŵƾȻĻƮɢ֮˳ն£ۼߡ
ն
һƺƴ󣬾Ƶˡ
ߣһڰ˴һţɫȫѪմȾ͸
һߣϦѩԪӤ߽Ϊİѹƣǿбһһȴʧȥ˶㿪Ļᡣ
ɵϮһѣһҲ㲻
ʦ㣡
Ϧh֪˳Ϧѩǰ
ѷɵƼ뱳УϦhĿڵλһѷɵţ¶˵⡣
ѪϦѩϣǰ


31 
㣡
, ײһƬǰЩģ
Ϧhûиоۣ߾۽Ϧѩ, Է͵ס, ͫײ, ֻһˡ
Ϧѩ͵سþȫ˦һ˵ĺ
ľûվȣҡǰһסϦh, 䱧ڻ
Сh
ϦѩŴϦhŵķɵ, ˫ֲ, ȥմѪĵ⡣
ϦhȳһѪ, ʹл, ̧֣ʳָϦѩĨβѪ飬ο˵ʦ㡭ҡҲۡ
䣬ִӺӿһѪ, ؿɫȫѪɫʪ
㣡
Ϧ׷һܹһҪ͵ϮϦh˵ħޣ֮, 顣
ˤϦh, ˵ϵѪҺǰˡ
Ҳǰ, Ϧѩ˵ʦ, ﻤ
ټ죬󲻹ΧΣóҩϦhʼԷƳɵҵǣ⵶ûж
ȻȻ޷
ҵǣϦhǰѵֻܽҪƫһ㣬ƫһ㣬һġ
Żһ˼룬һη仯Ľܿ죬ȴʼ޷תս֡
ӰϦhһߣϼ˶ۼǿҪŲסˡ
һȺ˽һ˰ΧŽ˼Ҫƾ֡
ڵ֮󣬹λ
֮ڵѧǰϦѩڵˮ׹󷨲ͬΪ֧ܹڻɽгȡά󷨣Ҫʮŵ֧ţΪߵһλΪߣ󷨡
󷨣֮ڵĻӻᱻԶ죬ۺʱεأŶյϢ
ԳʮʱǰԮп֮˽ȫ䡣
˿̻ܹ󷨵ڵһʮˣϦѩľڰϦhγɵ˿ܷġ
λѣЩ˵֮ڣ
Ż鵤Ͽٽӡѩɽڴ֮ƺŴ𣡡
ڳڲӱϵͬʱ⣬ɫཻγɱֽ˻С
ħײڱϣʧ١
ڵΧһȦ󷨱ԵԴԴϵ֮ӿ֧Ŵ
ģȫ֮ϣޱڵ״̬ԳĸʱûоԮǱҪɥ
ս֮⣬һȺʿǰ
֮ЩҪѰ
Ǻ֮󣬴󷨿֮ڱ쾯ӣǻȵԮģ
ؾյϢҲû취Ѳɻ˺ؾͨ
ʱ֮ڣϵĻ𣬴ÿһڵӶУڵӷ֮ϵֶ˽⡣
ϦѺ̱è֮ϣΧһڳϣǰһչʾǴ˿ھĻ档
˺ħһһǿ󷨣Ϊϵͺصɫò԰ףм֧󷨵ȫŰ֧ţ֮кʶĹɵľʹཻţҪʧȥʶ
ǲܣôڵӣ޹ǣˣڷ
ʱŽϥ룬Լ
ҪŲסˣڿʼ֮ǰط֪ͨؾеѣֻϣٶһ¶һҲá
٣ϣ
ĸʱ
ûоԮס׹ϵѪճȥ׹ķ̣ȴû˳֡
ʦ
ĵһһĬ̣֮ѵڻ
ħ޺Ͱ˻ڲͣ󷨣˶ҪŲסˣֻҪǲͣ󷨣֧󷨵˾ͻԽԽ
ǵΪڲ׷ۼҾͲˣ
ݺݵʿȺ˵⻰Ǹ䡣
ǿһȺʿۼҵֻһСߣĲɰĿԶ
˳˹ȥ㿴һȺ˺ۼҵӱħ޺һȺΧסڳôʿȴûһԮ֡
СµؽУŪ״Щ壬ԼûҲЩħޡ
ԣҪ㲻ܰЩѣᱻҲҪ
ƨ
壬̰
ȻԸⱻһҪ㱻ָסӣ㣬ȹӣʮǰѰðӰӶǿм˳
㣬ɣһֻҰħ޿һ첲ɻǵӾ㣡
㣬Գɢ޵һţʮǰڷһͷ޺ܣ㱻̽ڵӾ㣡
ˣǰķ֣ж˱ڶ֮Уж˱Ӿ

ƽվͰڿջ˵Ź£йڵӾ˵Ĺ࣬˭еϵֻҪȹĶҫ䣬˾֪
Ϊ
ҸǣڷŹǣۼҲŹǣȳؾһҪһ׮׮һ
ǰ΢Щ˶򵨱Ҫ䶯֣
嶯ۼСϿطҪɱᱻ׷ɱһӡ
仰ͻȻЦˣŶˣӦò֪ɣںƴֻҪһУ˵һһжᱻͻڡ
˵ϦѺ룬гԸ𣬴Ҷ֪Ϊ̣ǵжûܹӵĶݣٰɣϾһ˿ɶǴˮ׹ȳأ
ΪĻѡʿһţ
һߣΧ֮еһȺȴûоעԶĶ
ĸʱȥˣ֮Уģֻͨ龭ѡ
Ϧѩϵͬأľȴڻʹȥ½ϦhϦѩ
óһƿ鵤һһ룬ߣǿнԼڰ޸ľ
ɽҩµӰ£Ϊ溣֮󣡡
С£ɡ
Сʦ壬ҰѾ޸ˣаƿ鵤ֻͻˣǲܳŵøá
ɫأǿ˵ңΪʦ㣬ȻҲõΣһֱ󡣡
䣬֮תƵϣãҩƵǰ
Сʦ壬ܳһʱҪЩ
Ȼתƣûصأʣл鵤£רͻơ
ۣ˵лʦȫ
һʱ̣ܶ佫ϵȫյʿԾڳȴûһ˳ְæ
ħԶۣһһ֮ϡ
ͻƵ˹ؼʱ̣һʱҲҪˣħ޲ϵĹ±ҡҡ׹
ϦѩƵߣʦãɡ
մѪҲǣһ˿
ɫ԰ףҡͷᶨʦ㣬ԣڳŲ󷨡
һڣ
ʦ㣬ĻҲС
еҲ˹ܰæ𣿡
Ϧѩҡͷڵĺֻ֮ŵӿԿãûа취˰æ
̧ͷżĴ󣬼ˣƴҲҪסЩˡ
ȵħڴ֮ϣƴ֮˲ϡ
Ϧѩ۾һҪˡ
ʱһɫӰٴħ֮С
ɽ껭溣֮󣡡
ͬʱǰһֱźĵ׹ͻȻ鿪һɫӰ֮С


32 ɢ
Ըǰ, С
µǰ껭סҲһ껭ס˴ͬʱֹ˴ȡµ
ս֮, Ϊսֱ仯ֵʿ, ͻȻеŮʶ, һ껭غ·εŮӣǴģȻԶı
Ը߳󷨣ƮƮ˦һ, ħȫ˿һ
Ը
, 쳣, ϦѺЦпŻΪԸִսʿ, ೤Ͻɫ, һ򰮺ϦѺֵҲ
ۿԼȥǸ˶ûкɫ
Ӧʰ½ӹ˺ƴ¶һ̣Ƕ֪Ľ
ܼ, гԸز£֪ͨ껭ƴ󡣡
ϦѺ쳣䣬ؾ֮е£һһˡ
֧ź󷨵ĵӼ͸֧, ȥ, ˶ᳬԽ帺ɡ
ؾУԸִǰ, սΪĳֱüžޱȡ
ԭһ߳ǰʿȫ뵽Ƕоʵ˴, ǲپħ޵ǿ˶ء
ͻƵ׶Σȫ֪磬ȴȻһʦĵ׹ˣҲãʦˡ
飬³ԸתĿѪ׵ϣʵֵʮ㡣
ؾĴ󣬺֮ǰԤ֪Σգһһ»鵤ʱºƴʱҲ뾡취Ƴơ
һʱЩȻ׹ɣͷѪԵʣĲǺܴȴ㣬޷Ƴơ
ƳؾƳ֣þпɶõ׹飬ܵ
ͷѪʧȥãȻľĨûͷѪ֧ţغܿҪʧˡ
գֻԸؾıܿЩƿؾ֮ǰƴȫס
ħƺҲע⵽˳Ը״̬ȴżȥˣȥЩͻȻսʿ
ɱˡ
ħڸվһ
αʿûЩǶһ١
ɱ˶û˼ˣǿǹҧ˼
Ҳ˱һɫĳޣ׵֮
Ƕ֪˿ֵ̳ĳԸһĨ꣬ؾеĽƼΪѹΪŵԽؾؾܴܽʿħ޽λƸѽΪѹ͵˻۷塣
˿ֱ̣ӽΪؾ̶ܽܵ߳ȡ
ڣֻҪؾûĶ֡
սʿʶħͻȻʵס˸սȴûһѡ˳ս
ԭܼ򵥣Ըؾ棬ȻһĨ꣬ȴ㹻壬˭Ҳ뱻Ըסһ˵紫˵ǰǳ˼ĵ£Ƿĵ״ӣǲæڲˡ
սһڵӿ֮󼸺ɥʧȫսһʱܹۼһڵӻڵߣԭЩһļʿҲ
껭úðºüٶȲһ򵥵ı󷨣ıΪ֧ţȻͺƴûȣȴҲܳסһʱ
ϱҪͻˣͻһ󾳽粢ףԽżԽУǻһĻͻƶ˵Ϊ򵥣ȴһйһħϡ
ʶ֮УĴȥһƬããɫ²ŵĴͬëĵ棬ȥȥɫǰɫ
ֻһˣһһǰߣʶȥǰŵɫ׹ȴ˿գϤ¶Ȳ٣˼֡
֪ԼͻƵħ֮УʲôҲûУȫֻʣһˡ
Ƭʶؽ磬γԽʧܸա
ʿɽٴڷգ˭пܹеħϣϴ鶼ƭˣƭ죬ȴΨƭԼġ
ΪɽٻῴԸһһܾĻ棬ɲˣʲôҲûС
ã߲
ȴĪĪţǵʦźԸĵһ仰
ʦ͸ĵ׹ˣ˿̹ϵĵ׹ֻʣһӣоȴܸ֪ԸĴڣһĨҲðġ
ڵһһתձӴܸоı仯ؾвή׽٣õͻƾͱ£ҲͲõͻƺûʱˡ
ʶʱ粻ͬѲ֪˶ãֻǵͻһ̣һˮü䣬Щȡ
ۣʶаããһƬʧ޵ĺ½ȫĴ֮ɫȡ֮
ƣҡ
ԸΪܵǰͻؾĽƺľħ޵ȫһûаȫסõİ취һɢɢ
ϧлûж˵Ҳûʱ˵ˡ
ϻãȻʶҪȥסµĺŮӣûԷԸڼʱʧֻһĨѡ
ƺлû˵꣬Ƕȴ
ûһֱûжС˳ȥֱֱײħޡ
üû¶ȵѪôܻѪͣԭСŵλãһ̣һ˳˯С
ǳԸĨ۽ѪʦͷѪ
һѪ˳ӿ鲼ĿǻûסѪɫò԰
Сʦ壡ص
Ϧ˫۷캰קĸ첲ܳ磬ʵ벻Ϊһ˳ֱֻڵϱסԷȡ
ѣΪˣΪսᵤȥҲǰﵹæǹԹŰɣ
ſſң
Ϧ׿ǰħ޴һѪӲҪ壬κ䱧̫ˤڵҲûԷ
ְ֣
ϦתȥƱȲֵˣ󣬿ҪȻ˵óѣ˾ȻڵϴϦ׺䶼ؾ˻ԵͬΪᵤڣһ͸֧һմӻһȻǺռϷ磬䰴ڵϡ
ȥʲôãӴ򲻹ܴùȥҪӷ㣡
Ļʵڲ棬ǿ˰Ϧƺ侲ЩȴȾһ˿ǻҪһֱСʦҾֻ𣿡
䰴ЩƺûϵͻȻı仯ûţٵȵȣϡҽ㻹ǺܿͻϹˡ
⻰˵̫ûǵһˮ׹ѵڣϢûеõӦʵڲұ֤ǲҲ
ţ侹ᣬϦ׳侲ĸ첲Էָ
𣿡
˳ָŵķ򿴹ȥѪԶæʿѾߵBˡ
ȱڵˡ


33 ɽ
, ƽ޲Ƭžĺ֮һŮӵӰˮӳŮӵģ, ճŮӾա
Ըںˮ, ˮӳεǳ׵, ؼƾֻһˡ
޾ۼΧںؼ䣬Ը룬ѹ֮ˮ治һ˿յҲֹͣƯ
ԶʿԶԶں֮ϿһĻ, ֹԸĶ, κҲòӦ, ̤뺣ͱɻ
ԭرյؾھڳԸѹ֮Ӳ˺һѷ, Ըǰı仯
ʿһĻȴ, ǲ֪ΪһֱеĳԸͻȻһԲϾͿʼǿ˺ؾҪֹûа취
óԸˣȥؾᱻȫ˺飡
ؾѾ겻һؾеĻԵ޾, ִؾѵãǾ㱻ƻһʧ
˵ȴһжǸû취, ǵۼҺ޶, ЩȴͲסˣɽʿȶһӳϷѡ
ްʲô˼, ȻƻؾһʵĽ𣡡
˵ްθĴӳ, ڻõʦϦѺͬΪԸ⿪ɽͽʦסɽҲؾֿɵġ
ްüΪ㣬էһеһȴ಻ͬ
ΪͷһԼʿ˦һ˫ֳſǰǴ֮ɫдʺ֣Īҡ
ɷ裬
Աԭɽӽõʿæק䣬С˵˭ްưܸʲô
ްüȴ˵ǵıͱ졣
ܺˣ˵ĻȴҪѪ
ް
ûʿްӰʧڰ֮⣬ֱ˵ǽ֮ϡ
ʿ׷ȥȴס֮ϱ˺ѵؾѷԽԽ
Ըԭƽ۵׷Χߵ˲ñ꣬淭ӿ
*
ؾڣɫͣѪ˳¡
Ƕߵķһ䣬ӯԭͻܣؾɫؾñޱȡ
סڿ׹ΣĿ䵽һ֮Ǹλá
ƺһϥϴҵʹУȫѪ˿ڣϥǷԵ˴š
ھԶλã
ȴϾ˼ı˸ǵɫмϵѪɣм
һϮµĳԸڿУʧȥħ˷磬ԸǺݺѹڵ¡
ؼһƬȾף˶ԸĿ⡣
ֻһûпųԸѾùڵһһ𼸺ɳΪһɫм
һԺһƬհףӺʦǰɢһ̿ʼеֻ߱ͣһ̣ͣǾԷû˵Ļϣĵһ˿֣ͺ񡢺жĵط
е֪Ǿû˵ĻʲôǵԼҪ飬ôڵӣЩΣ֮Ҳƿ벽ͬѣ
һһ͸֧ĸоܣŵBʱΪԼͣˣħʵܷɡ
ֱоؾҵĲʧɿе䣬֪õˣΪܵ˳ԸϢ
ͷۼںһƬ飬ƼΪɲһһѵѾԽʿɻ׽ٵΣʮƣʿɽΪѶɣΪɲĽơ
׽ĵȴ֪ڼ˵ɢĵ׹мġ
˻
֪˭Ƽžĳ棬Χһʿ糱ˮ˿Զڵλá
ʮƺһʿɽٵ׽ٿɲһ˭ҪǿƻᱻȫȥҲҪŶɽһһϴûƣҲûмܶɹ׽١
Ը̧ͷͷۼƣӴΪ򱻿Ƶħѹ˹ȥֱӽһħ޴ɢ
ħ޵Ĺ̲Ѵ֮һ񶼲ħޡ
˵ʱ򣬳Ըһһڵλãڵϵİ
Ըͷˣ
һ޴Ըͣ½ŲƮƮȥһۡ
߷ĵϡ
ԭƸؾ֮ܣΪԸ˺ؾڵСķƻȻҪǰ׽٣ؾ֮ͻƵʿԼͬƶϣʱֻѡԶһЩǵùմ׽ٿҪ֮صġ
Ըͣǰɾ覵½ǳ̧ͷײԸС
۽ǺƺоӨҪϸָմɵĺɫۼŵ׹мֲ
ʦˡ
Ը͵սǰ˶Ǳÿ¡
ͻȻ뵽꣬еСŮЦקס죬ѩɽ徻СȴģʽΪӣаʦһιСϴ¶Цʦ
ʦ𡭡
ֻ޹ΣһհʦСϲŵĻѩɽѩ̫䣬סҲ۵Ļ䣬껨ˣСﱧſήĻʹ飬˺þòŽ˺á
ڶΣʮ֮꣬ߵһγ֣ʧԼͻȻᣬһһԼǸ
Ըȥ۽ǵᣬˡ
޷˿Լı飬ֻоĵ׷˿ۣЩ
߿֮ϣۼԽԽŨƬյƱɺɫž׵š
ʦԶЩ
ûƿˣһһ͸֧ϥǴʹģûа취վֻóԸԶЩⳡ׽ٲÿǰˡ
ĵĵ׹ĿڿЩͼķסһ˿ԸϢԼߣڵûκΰնɹͷ׽٣ܻᱻɻҽ
ʵҲãһĨʦ˻ҽҲһŷߡ
ֻǣʦˣ˵Ҫѩɽһֱʦġ
ճǰˣҪһ̰ѶԷģ̽Ժ±ӣһҪڵһ۾ˡ
Ըûжеɫڵ棬ͷ
һ׽ٵġ
һᵭȴ֮һЩһ
Ը˵ŲײĲ˿죬ôϤԸôʦĲһ
ʦҪɵ׽٣˵Ѿˣһ˿ԡ
Ѷɵ׽ٰôԼ
ͷǰȴһ˫Ϥ֣Ըĵ¶һ˿ǰ˫ס档


34 ʮ
Ʋۼ, ׹˸
۱ѵ׵Ʋ֮žţԸĵ˫־ů⣬۽ȴֹס⡣
ֿܶܶ, Χ֮ʱಫ, ʦ֮ʱȻ޴, ԼŲⳡ֮ʱѹڿҲ˵ڵĽ
һе뷨ڳԸǰʧ
ʮףÿһڳԸϣ˵Ե, ʮߵֻһ, ʮߵû˿ЪҲŶ
ʢˮ, ʼıӵ, ԸȫûиѵĻ, ǰҪ˽ȦڻС
ѵϥǹǺۣ˵ۣ͸֧ҲۣЩڵ, ڷůĻǿĻС
ֱ۶ԸȦ˻Уץţûа취رԸ, ҪһһֱıС
һ۵, ׽Ѷɣοѵ֮ס
ʦȴһƺ߶, ܺظо˵״̬, ÿһʱ򣬶һֹԵĲᱻúܽܽ
ֻŬԼԸһЩ㹻ĻܰԷ׽ʹܹһЩҲǺõġ
Ҫ߳ԸƿˣܷܲſһЩԼҲܹر
ҪųԸʱܲܲҪȫţܲܲҪԳܡ
˵ĿǻѪȵζһſھҪѪ̫ˣ۵˵
˵ԸԶҲûа취֪ͼԷֻһһµơ
գⳡ֮ʧȥʶʦůĻε
Ը̾ϢһȦֱ۸Щ˲Ķͷ
ʧȥʶоԶңʿǿ
ԸѩɽǱԸŻȥģԸڵմۣҲýãմѪһ䳾ˡ
Įʥģȫͬ
˿òףڱʱЦˣȻĨЦݺܵޡ
*
ѩɽ֡
ڴϣմѪ۵ﱻȥԸߣһָϸɵѪ
ʵʩɾȴƫƫѡķӣԶְ
ѩɽһİûгԸûܹ̤ɽУҲõǻ徲
ɾ֣ΪĨȥ۽һѪƽ޲۽ǵλʱһ£
ԺͻȻеһĻβָסĨǾģܲҪֵġ
һ̵ĳԸҲ̬˵üβһһ׽סָҪ뿪
ʵȴһֱۣ׽µĺۼʹسԸʱƮԶջüβָ⣬̾˵ƣҪôأ
Ե˶𰸣Ը⻰Ҳֻ˵ԼģպӣΪҴñ죬߳ӡ
ѩɽ⣬ϦѺһԸ˾סԺ⡣
Ը𡣡ͬʱԸʺãòӡ
Ըͷÿţ档
㿴ڴϵںƴ֮УǶһڵֿģؾ֮мӶˣҲҽЩҪЩϦѺȥֻ
ƽͰЩ£漰ħޣǸ㹻ĵЩαӡ
Ҵڵӵ⣬治֪ԼＸˡ
üͷԸϲȴһ̲ƿߣϦѺ̱ﲻסôһ飬˵ģ˵˵Σ
Ǻܺá
ΪΣ
Ը˳䲻ͨҽȴҲʲô֮ʱȻľȴ̫أ͸֧Ҳ㲻ʲôҪ˵ãǾ˿ڣǶ˼ͷЩκá
˵һܶϼͷǳ̬㲻ء
ʵԸС۵ģԼΪһȴ򲻹ܣɼһ㶼ҪˣһƤ˶ҪУϼͷܵģʮ̫죬ؾЩħһһ׷ȥ˲С
ص˵СƳ˳ԸһۣԼɫĲȻҲ˵ǣġ
ԭ͸ͻƣһαǿ޸һαƣҲǰȹ̣ʱΣһֱһڳԸ׽֮ʱΪżûס˹ȥ
ƽʱһβҪͻǰ˵ŸͻƣǿսѣԸȻΪס׽ٴʹȴҲͬʱӾеǣġ
ʲôҪѡ
Ҳ̫ģǶıԣһȻѹ
˵⻰ʱûע⵽ԸɫϦѺȴ꣬һֱųԸ˵⻰ʼо¶Ƚʮֱֹˡ
ϦѺ͵͵קק䣬ڳԸĽǶȷʹɫĬȸߣܿ˶Է˼
ڨЦŴӻóһͷƵİ壬ܰȶ꣬ӹ̾硣
ˣڹżϿһڶ򺣵׵ĺ֦һϺõҩģҵֺ֦ܻܿ˵ֱܰͻƾ硣
֦
ͷûⶫں£ŶˮĸɺʧˣҲֻżڹż϶
ԸͻȻ̧ͷ򣬡ȥҡ
ȥļ̫ԶԸӼҵڽк֦ĶɵʱԵ޹ʲժʲôں֦辱棬ҪõȻҪȥѰҡ
ֹûˣ˭֪»ûкֶ֦ɣ˵ûҵ֦Լѹˡ
ʲܵ࣬ƶϣѹһʱ䣬ԸȥѰҺּ֦ĶҲҲһ֦辡
ȥңʮ졣
ԸȰ裬˵򺣵һ֦ʧѾõĺ֦ԶҪԼ򵥵öࡣ
˵ʲôϦѺһסãʮ죬СҲһɺܾãڲһֱһˡ
ϦѺ˵⻰ʱųԸ۾ƺҪпһ㲻һԸȴƽ֪ʮһ
˸Ӧ󷨣ʧС
ȷԸˣΪͬϣʦ㣬֪֦ҲΪβ𣿡
ҽߣȻƽе㻵ۣȴʱ˲ֻҪʱ䳤һЩˡ
˵Ǻ֦ɾȣǱ㲻óԸжҲƴȫȥѰҩġ
ϦѺ̵ͷѵģȥѰһɣҵܹǺõģҲЩࡣ
һסԴԹʦ㣬ѵһЩҿɲ覵̡
ңԸʮĵףҹҪصöࡣ


35 è
ʦ, ޷ı䣬˳⡣
ϦѺ̲ǰ϶һ±ʮִ֣ͨ, ֪޴, Ȼиõİ취, Ҳδɡ
˵Ҳе˽ڣҪԸΪһ
˵ϦѺ̲˽ⳤԸˣǳԸͻȻΪ״ⱲҲ˳ԸΡ
ѩɽֻסԸһ, Ըֲɽ, Įûһ㡣
ͬ, ϦѺ̸˳, ϣһ޿֮, ϣܵ˺
ֻ΢̽
ʮ˭չ¸ѹɽȥտЩ˵ĵˡ
ǲһչ, ʵڲûˣ⣬ѩɽƽʵΣأ˵겻ѩ, ѰӸס㺮䡣
˵ֻ͸֧, Ҫ࣬Ͼ, ʺѩɽչˡ
ɽֻèеúܣʹա
, һֻûǵèչˣ·У˯𣿡
Ϊ㹻˽ϦѺ̵ģʱ־Լȫ㲻˵ʲô
ϦѺŴЦüۼһ˿⣬Цֻ·ôˣȣʲô²ȵܵÿ죿
ѩɽȵúܣѰϼѣɽҰ޾Ҳû취ֵĽƣûʲôɵĵġ
֮˱ٹȲýʳ֮УᶯҲҪչˡ
ʦò̫ģʲôܸϹ
ЩڣϦѺûûΣ˹ȻԼıèӵ֮һ֮
ѩɽסɽͷ벻Զǰܻȥһۣڴû뿪
߼˰ϣָòֵЩͬ˵ͬţȥ̫鷳ͰֱӶѩɽչ
ʮ죬ʧ伣ϦѺƷɵѩɽµӰһ£Ӷڵ٩С£ʦδҲ̫ˣ˲źüգ͸㶪ѩصĹطչˣ
ºͷȻЩ˽ôһ㣬Ҳֻһѣͬ˽ãҪϦѺ̻еΪˡ
ڡҪġ
Сشڽżǰ϶ϡ
ǰ϶ûϣˡ
ϦѺȤŰº͸˵ڵĻһðͷ͵ø
ΪϦѺ̵ĵ٩ŲŲţ֧֧˵
۸ͽܣ˭ģҿ˵СͽĵڶͱӵɽֻҪ˵ҿɱȲʦ㡣
ɾֺÿĽʩʩȻ֣·жźÿ˵ڵĻжˣϦѺ̲һס
ԴΪ٣Сã˶˶ָÿ죬ʩҲʲôر۵Ļҿûй۸ǡ
ϦѺҧ˹֣ܿǹġ
ڳˣһʶѣһ»֣һЩĵʦúһֻὲèʵûܽѵ
ʵҲ޷ϦѺֲǵһθ£û˭˵ǡ
һֱͷİèķ˰ۣıǸסԼͷһ㲻ϦѺ̵Ļ뿴ˡ
ע⵽èĶЦץסᳰЦϦѺ̣èѩɽסϰˣڶԸ⿴㡣
ϦѺһץè󾱣ʧڿеèȣ﷢ĺè
ʦ㣬ǿèѣסѩɽˣԸ϶һֻС衣
ϦѺèĺԼӣݺ˵СûĵģҸ㣬ҼèһˣҲֻҵè͵͵ˣ
ʦ㣬δ̫Եˡ
ϦѺбһۣЦиĿ⣬è󾱻˻ΣԵСһǲǵ쿪˵ˣһҪһ˵ûУ
ϦѺ̰вèźһǰצϦѺϣһèצӡ
ۡ
ϦѺϳֵèצûסЦϦѺ̺һ˵ãèЩһֻץסèצӣҧгݣӳҵģǻˣҲҪȸҿȻҾͷҹҹںɽֻ

ϦѺвèôҲӲĽ
򿴵ֱҡͷʦ㰡ȻҪèΪʲôȡ֣
èΪĻֹͣϦѺȴ⣬ûǸйèҪʲôֵѧֻκԼȡֲè衣
䣬ԭֹͣèһҧߵֱۣ¿ۣҧ˵ϦѺȴɫ䣬è
ҧҰˣ
èæϦѺ̻װ֪Ů¡
Ӵ˸ÿҩƿϦѺ̻ûӦͱԷ°ҩ
ҩڼ
ϦѺȴʲôҩƵĿԹʦð˵ٴ˲Ҫҩôǣ̫ˣѳԣ
ֵҩкóԵģʦǲʦõġ
Ըջصѩɽڰ죬¾ﲻڶԶԺ﷢ҲǵһԸġ
ɡ𡣡
»˵ÿĿİȫ̧ͷԸӡ
š
Ըͷʶ£˵ӡͬһͬţؾˡ
˳ԸµĲھִ٣ĿɨϦѺʱϦѺ̵ͣ롣
üͷ΢΢˵㣬ƿ˱ϦѺ̼ڻİè
𣬿ҵ֦
ϦѺβ˲ڰèβͣСһﺦԼˡ
̣һΪ˴ô죬㱻èҲУһ֮һڵôϣ
۵ģҩǲףЦǡ
˵£Ըջ̽ߣ׵ҵˣҴá
٣
˿һƿǰߵϦѺǰһ𾪡
ǿǺ֦ΪɺԶʧĺ֦Ҫ֪֦Ȼںȴһ̬ȴҲ㲻٣
Ը䣬ǰһʢˮĴ̶꺣֦ڱСЩȴ򿴺ۡ
ҪѶߣ֦뿪ˮúʧЧ״š
ͷϵЦҪϲԸִ󷽵ˣҪ˾͸Լ
ڵ״ֻ̬ôһ㺣֦ѹʱöɶˣҪŵʦʦʦʦö󷽣ֺοȥ˼ɽͷתתû¸Լ
Ը²Щֻһ£ˣʱ
СӺһС֦辣ƵˮЦھУھܿʼ
ʦãôһһС֦֦δ̫Сˡ
ϦѺ̵ĻɹԸעӣ򱻶زԾʿˮϦѺ˰˰ٱ飬æͣ⺣˵֦ѾǾڣЧѣ㲻˵ֲǿŵӹҽ˵ġ


36 
һųԸ, ź֦СĴָϡ
š
ԸӦһƺ˵˵ǡ
ûŵһ, Ը˵Ҫһ
õ, ״̬ʩú֦, ûΣա
ԸĻ˽ȥûмȥ˵ЩҪ뿪һǻһá
˵, ԸӰͻȻʧԺӡ
еĪ, ҵ֦, ѵһʱ俴ԼСͽ
ź֦, ֪ߵİҲ˽
ʩʱðһ߿, ϸһ麣֦÷
ϣԭ˯ģ˱仯ͻȻüͷ쳣ʹӡ
ӻԺ, ȫ˯֮У˿ûУ֦ΣΥ֮ų⡣
ɫ, ûƭԸ, ֦Чѵıڶ֦辣Ǻ֦ľ, ˵еоѵų⣬ܲԾ
ûͣ¶, ĿŲڱһĵСͽϡ
£֪ؾûйʲôֵĶ

˼룬ؾ֮ʱҺСʦʳѪ٣Сʦ屻ЩȾһЩء
ʳѪٵĶ鶾ƺ뵽ʲô
µͷ˵Сʦֻһ㣬ҵƳ˶أҼû඾ˡ
ô֮ǰĶʲôӰ죬жѾȥ꣬඾ĻҲӦܵӰ졣
ϾһģʱҪࡣ
ţ±Ҳ˳ɫ˳֧˳ȥ
֦ɵӰС״̬΢ЩϦѺ̴˹
Σ
֪л㱻սЩ
ʳѪ٣ʦ㣬ǰǲǸ˵һԾ
˵һΣ
ϦѺ̲ǸദϺ꣬һӾϦѺ̵֮⣬ǰֻһ
Ļûȫ˵꣬ԭҪǣƮŲȻܵһ˿ѹ޷ϦѺ̲һˣƽͰ׽ֶ쳣ģȻ˲Ծĵط
ʿ˫֮󣬺ܳһʱ϶±˴˵ϢϢ׷֣ûС
ϵϢʦġ
ͳԸ֮ıŤȻûֱȥˣ̲ס˵޸һ졣
õ϶𰸣һֱú֦ȫס״̬ѹ˵һɣ˶
ʲô
ϦѺɫ͵رЩ
ʦã⻰ɲ˵
ǿǳԸôֱӵֶΡ
û˵λ׽ռһ󲿷ԭ򣬻һֱΪ飬һֵô򵥡
ϦѺ̸æֹĻʾڴϵק뿪˵ˣ
קӣİºúŸǣæ뿪ѩɽ
һݣͬϵİè۶ۣè˸Ƽ˯
²ûʦĻֻΪ˺أűȽ
ڴϵɫǵСʦ壬ԲЩͺˣʦԼ˽СhҲ࡭
ԼϣΪʦ㣬ûбͬʦʦãΪҽޣûܾ˵ͬţȷЩûˡ
ʶͻ֮ʱһƬɫ֮У֪Լڴ˴˶ãһ۱طˣûҹ֣֮ԼӰӶ
ĿѰҳ·ĹУᵽϤζʦϵζ
˼ĺ˳ǰһģһʦ
ԾĵطţָĳԸԭĵطǰΧͬʱ˵Ļзӵĺߡ
һһÿһֵĳԸ塣
µʦԱ֣ƺʲôҪƫƫĻ

һʦɢǰԶû˵Ļ
ǿбԼֿЩ쳣ʦһһʧҲʧƽ
ããһƬ˱仯ϺͰµĶԻк̽㡣
ҪԼѾˣʶûصֻܱĶ
һɣ˶
ѹúܵͣˣôأǼվԼ˵Ļ
ǵģǵģ
޷ƽͻȻðúСǸԼ
߰²ҪѹԼϣѾúܺˣҪ˵Ļûãûбڵĵӡ
Щͬû취߰£Ժﷴһʦʦ״̬Ծûܼʱ֣ʦ
ܣһŪˡ
һǡ
ƴԼһγǰ
Щƺⰴ񶨵ʵ֣Ϥޱȵʦһγǰֻһˡ
𣿡
ʦ𡣡
ǰһҪǰˣȴ˶Է塣
ǰͻȻɫǰһ˵Ҫ𣿡
͵ػعһǰʦЩʵֹ˿Լ
㲻봥𣿡
һƬɫԸֻģüۼƺ͸һ˿ˣȴһָΪݺݳԼؿڴ˽ȥؿ˺ɫĻԸۡ
࣬ɫЩЦЦܺÿͬǰ˵ͬᣬƺ˵ʲô黰һ
ʦ𿿽ˣòã
Ըͣ½Ų
㲻Ҫҿ𣿡
˵ģͬᣬˡ
һԼؿڴһҡҡͷȴû״ӳԸƿߡ
֪һжǻǰʦʦ𲻿ôῴ
ӦôЩ뿪⴦þǣû취ԳԸ֣ҲС
һζ׼ԼĿڣָҪؿ֮ʱԸͻȻǰס
ʦȻ
ԸǻҲ⣬ʵΪʲô
Ը̾ĿͻȻֱƽ޲
˵㲻
Ըץ󣬺߾˵ģԸƽĿ˵Ҳ
ͻȻЩϵ¶Ƚյǰһбûҷӣ
Ψȵ¶Ȳ䣬˽ס
Ϊʲôôʼ⡣
ĵ˺ܾô𰸣ȴ˵Լ
¹Ͷۣڴϣ۾Ůۡ
Щ㱣ҹĹⲻۣʦǰϵ¶ɣƣƶ߿ȥץסָᶯ˶
ˡ
Ըɿץ֣ϡ
ԭĺ泤Ըֶʧ
ŬԳԸ¶Цɫ԰ף̬֮һ㿴ųԸẬ顣
š
ԸŲЩЦЩԾ졣
ûпһĨЦûЦĵףڱеֽţðѹȥ
ָ⼸Ҫĵ⡣


37 
ܿ˽߬ŵ, ƫͷƿߡ
ԼҪŶԷðİҲһЩҪκ˷ֲźá
ԸĹϵʦͽ, ֻʦͽҲ㹻ˡ
Լ, ҪĹϵ
þеһжʾ, ʦʺϣȥǻΪħ

¹£ڴϵŮɫ԰ףɫҵ, ΧŻ˸С
Ӧһ, ûǰ㽫Ŀȫϡ
¸õ̫, ׾ܱǰ˴ơ
Ըƺ̫е˼, Ӵڴ, ЯЩɽѩе⣬Ը˱ǣش
ķ类ߣҲ
Ըڴû, ˿ںڰ֮ЩߣŸոΪԸǺñӵλá
Щů⡣
һ󣬳Ըæص߰滺, ҹɫû̫, ؿΪü
Ը׼˵ʲôȴȳڴ, ᣬЩ΢ɳ, ʦ𣬲ùشҲ䡣
濴ųԸǰ֣ˣʦʵЩ֣ߵ׸о䡣
˵Сͬʦһסѩɽˣôأ
Ը͵һ٣ַܿΪ˵ѡ
ڱе£ͼƿߣȴײ˳ԸУԷ濴ƺڸҪƿĿ⡣
ǿԼ۾ԺȴͣġųԸģܸоԼϵߣƺЩ
ۣҹʵЩģģܿʦĿûǰȡ
ԸŲ֪һ˲֮ЩʲôԹԽΪͽڣͣºҲû뿪ߣˡ
һѳʿܶݣһܶһʿˡ
ֻǳԸͽܣڵСʦ壬˳޵ӣһ
ʵЩʦ̬ȣûпʦ
ԸһܺöˣһУ飬лֱ˵ܻʲôһöˣͺƽвžξһ㣬һὫһû
ҹĺڰž̫˼÷ӣʱһܾʦлҪ˵ġ
˺ܾã֪Уʦһл˵ˣˣҲʦֻǵһ˳¶ѡ
ʦ𣿡
ѯʣԸҡͷҹ
ƺԼ˵òֲ˵㡣
㣬Ը˵ֵͬһЩСβˡ
öЩȣҪ˵ڵĻ˻ȥ
û뵽ʦὫ˵ֱף֪ʦӣǻὫĻ黰
˺ܾãԸƢ˵
ʦҲСˡ
뱻ԸһֱСӣʦһ𣬾ֻǱĹϵҲһֱ˵С
֪
ԸڻشʱƿЩߣ鷢סһ˲ĲڰҲΪڵЩߡ
гԸ뿴ųԸĲǺڰʵԵʣЩ㱣뵽Ǹߵĺʦ
ʱʦЦܶһͬֻһ棬Һʦ𶮺ܶණ˵ͣ
뵽ʦ˼ֱ죬סҪɢ˾ͺˣΪ
ʦ𡣡
ͻȻһԸְĿϣӦڡ
ԸȻһץס֣Ļֲ̿ʱˣʲô
˳סԸʳָ˵׹ˣʦû˵Ļʲô
ԸЩû취ȫÿʳָš
˶ȴû˵ʲôץסַЩѡ
ʦû
ԸĿЩԥƺ䣬Ҳ֪ҷֳȥһĨ꣬ҵʱƿؾ硣
֮⣬ûһ̹עԼ꣬Ҳ֪Ǿ仰ʲô
ЩʧɿץסԸ֣ɱɿֵȴûмʱֳ
ȴϾ˼Щˣ룬ʦ޷֪û˵ĻⱲҲõˡ
ʵҲǷҪִ֪Ǿ仰ʲôȴĵ׿һƬƺʧʲôһ㡣
Ҫȥǰĵ׹ѾʲôҲûˣֻա
ĵ׹˻㹻ˣֻһҲá
ΪٸһЩĵ׹Ⲣʲô¡
׽٣뵽ͻȻץסԸδŲ֣ŵʦûˣ
ôˣʦоϣԼʮĵ׽١
ǿףôܲ˰
ûһֹԼܻصһգƱҪЩһЩƿ˵
ҪʦˣҪʦΪˡ
ԸԼοްõġ
ȴųԸĻ˭˲֪׵һײûܰȻȹ
ҵΪѵﶥ㣬㲻Ϊҵġ
׵ȷʿŷɥ׽٣ڳԸ˵ǹĥЩǵһζףȻ¡
ȴ֪Щ£֪ʦܵסףǻ£ѴγԽԽ
ԸִԵһ£ο˵ƣҴʼɵһֱף۵ġ
仰ǰ˵ģǾܽ
һ̾ܿ죬ʦһνƣСʦֻ
Щʦˣʿͻƽ𵤿ʼҪ׽٣ͨ׽ٽԪӤŵʮһʮɶʮһΪǶʮߵ
Ҳ˵ʦʼնɵĶǶʮߵ׽٣ͨ׽ǿ󣬸οʮס
ôܻ᲻ۡ
ɿ֣ԼĲ˷֣ɲһ˲֮䣬ԷסҪؽ֡
Ըص䣬ƺҪ˵ۣһֻ´Ӹû˿ڣˡ
ʦҡ֪ˡ
Щ˼ƿߣʵڰ̫˼ʵЩ΢ѣ´
ֱԸ·ãŸƻУһֱջ֣ɳԸȻҲûɿ֡
ҪѳԸģЩ֪˵Ҳһڵĺʱ
ѣԸͺûʶ˿ΪĲף߶ʼϣƺϿһ㲻ţҪһ
ʦ𣿡
ջûסȥָˣֻǻûҪס֣ס˾ȻϵĶ
ԸԼָָűʮָۡ
ʣսһЩ̾˿ҪҪһԡ


38 
ס, ˳ųԸָ¶ȣůԼ˳Žյָ˸֪
һ̴ǲ, ˿, ȷʣʦ, ˵ʲô
ҪȷʦĻǲԼǸ˼һԣָʲôԡ
ԸԼĿڣѹЩ, ͣڲԶľ, ֽ߬䰴ԼĿڵĵط
һһ, ԸĺƺҲЩ, һںڰз, ʾųԸ˵˼
ûȥĵط
ԸʼսֽԼģ۾һգգŶԷ
ֻûдӻþ, ǰһжǼٵģΡ
һôʵʦϴ¶Ⱥůָཻ, ôһۡ
ΪΡ
Ըƺû뵽, һֳڴش˵Ҳ, Ҳκ˺㡣
Ǹ˵黰ģþȻֻ˵Щ, ԸĻǵõЦЩɬʦ𣬲һġ
˽֪Ը令̣Ҫˣɱϲǲһġ
ЩѹʦûŪԼĸ飬ЩϲʦԸ˵Ļˡ
Ҳѹ
ԸֽսЩԼĿڵλðѹִֵҪ
˵Ҳǲ顣
Ըʵ죬ɺÿһ¶ֱϣĵס
ճԸЦԺʦҰƺòá
á
ԸӦúܿ죬һ˿һԥûС
ֿЩԼѹϣյظһá
ڳԸϢţȴһνסһʱ֮û˶
Ը׼һֹֻס˳ԸĲӣ䰴ԼϣϢҵʦȲҪ
úܽԸ԰һᣬ黬۽ͷϣϵˮɡ
ҪԸԼڵӣʦΪֿ˾Ͳˣޣʱĺܲ
ƽϢϵЩʦ𣬵ҺЩˣһȥؽһ߰ɡ
á
Ը˳ûȫѹϣԳЩشʱϢߡ
Щһ̣ò˵ʲôԷӦ
*
ϦѺһ˼յı仯ǰߵĽŲ˶٣߸ŵһײϦѺ̱ϣǰˣ˵ʦ㣬ô£
״̬źƽʱ̫һ۽ǴһЩ죬Żû˯ѡ
˭뵽һյ˵ˣǻ𼱻Ǹ˹
ʦ𡣡¶ҩƹʱͣ£
µͷţ񳿵ҩɳˣ
ţллʦġ
ͷСһģ´ʡģ
Ҳûзʵ̫ˣֲ˽˳ȥ۸Ҳ°¸ͬദ
ʵںƴ󿴵ѡʱοģܿµ״̬Ų˺ܾãȴͬ
Ҳ÷ɵະЩͬɽҰ£Ҫ⺢һֱɽ
ʦͽ˰ʱϦѺԾվԶЩӽŰѰèק˳ȸ˵㰡㣬Ϊʲô֪һߣ
èѡ˵ȡֱ֣˻һ˯
ԸߣԾɸһ顣
ԳԸЦЦʵоԼ޴󰭣ֻԭľЩۣżЩתͣͣð¸ҩܺãȥѾࡣ
ЩȣĿӳԸƿǰϣʵϣд󰭡
˶Ʋ죬ЩԹĳ˵С㺰ʦ̽㣬ôܽҳأòô˵ҲʦÿЩҲúҽ㡣
˵꣬ҲشĻֱֱˣƺһͲ˵һ
ϦѺƳվһߵĳԸæں߿ûзӦ˳Ըע⣬岻ʣǿѩɽ
Ը΢΢üûǿҪ˹ʲôˣǲˣȻǿˡ
ϦѺֿûװ˵û£ȾЩС纮СС
Ը˼תͷǱûסЦʦܱôһƭ˵Ľڣ˵Լ˷纮˵ȥЦ
ʱڣϦѺ̴ˮо˳Ϊ㣬ǵöԷЦԽ
ָü죬ֹ֦ܰʣǰ޸һľϵʹࡣ
ټֵҩһ£ָܼȫʢʱڡ
ʵ泤Ը͸ǹûԭ˺أʮõʱһ˿ܰ
ױĸǸЩص׽¸ǿ̵õ޸ô죬ûصʹ
Ϧhûôˣʵʵħ޵ĵؿڣǰ½׺ƸΪ׼޷γǰѴŵĵ
ǷɵȻûжȴǿħԲʿھ
һؾĵӵУϦhܵΪأûʣû硣
ϦѺǰĿһֱڳԸϴתЩԾȴ˵оҹĹĶҲûлʡ
ԸʾԼղ뿪ѩɽ¶û£ΪҩĻϦѺץӸҪŪ״
ߵò鲻ԸЩק˸첲˻ȥ
ѩɽһΰ͵͵׼èҲʩϦѺ̻һȺ˵ߵһɶ
ǲһֱŵģҪߣ׼վʱȴ͵һڳԸܽ˳ƽ˽סˡ
СЩ
˷شϣЩ죬˵ʱһϥǹǣڹͷûʵһֱŻԣһʱû
Ҹոûվȡ
վǰһе˽ָͣץűӡ
šԸͷƷϥǰϥǴ
ԸͣѰֻΪԸǱģȴ֪㣬ʦǴЩů⣬
ϥǹЩ΢΢Ĵʹܿͱʦº͵һ˿ĵذȥ
ʦ𣬿ˣձ㳤ˡ
ʵ㳤ԸϥǹҲãֲʲôˡ
ȥҩ㲻Ҫ´ߡ
ţ֪
ԸõĻشȴû뿪΢΢üͷ̫ϲüͷӣվҪﳤԸչƽüǵġ
ʦɻʲô£࣬ǵҲʦ𲻻ҩ£ϾЩûʦҩСʱټ̽ѩɽչ
˼ŸôڣʵԼȥҩֲʲôʮֽˣûվֻһʱûӦʦΪӿϣҲվЩ۰ˡ
ʵǺۡ


39 ҩ
ơ, 㻽һһԸüã, ˵ͷҲӡ
ųԸ뿪ıӰЩûӦ, һֱʦûӰ, ŴЦ
ԭʦ𷽲һֱԥţֻ˵¿Ի
СԺһշ˵Ǵڿɣѩɽʱ˵ģ˭Ҳ֪ΪʲôԸҪｨһ̫Ҫ, ֲշ, ҲҪԷ
Ըʩȼ˻, óǰðдֽ, ¼ҩʱ, Լҩĵ
һЩ²ǰļģȻɲѩɽ¼ģѩγ, ҲǷһ
ûվʩӴ˱飬ķϾɣէһʲôؼ, ɷд, ȴ˷ΧΪ, סƶСɾĶ¡
⻰һϦ̵ֱʣŵ, ڵýָͷܲ³˭дġ
ϦЩȤζÿһ϶ŵӱˣƫƫҪ˰⻰꣬Ȼܲܽ⿪
ԭǷסģ֪˭ǣ俿ǽӽţͷ飬ÿձ޲ȣ
Ϊ֪ӽţ˻ҳ滹Щ𣬿һؼӡ
齲һòŮþĻסƶ֮ɽСɾĹ£Ϧһдûű㿪ʼ֣ĻСͼʵ̿
ȻᣬʵʱʦһЩЩӲûʲôȤ
Ҳ⻰Щʦ˵¿ԿһЩһЩԵڡ
ܲ˼õʦǰֻԼĥ㲻Ŵ໰⿪йؼһЩÿ껰ԼԺ֡
ƤǴ˿ʵ¿Ȼ⻰
ʵϦıʵ漫ãȥЩೡµľ黹Ǻ˵ģʱҲԣûע⵽ҩ߽ĳԸ
ǣʶԼʦ֪ʱҩ뿿ʱûɵػˣæҼ侹Ȼ⻰˵ϣɾ͵ڳԸűߣһҳͼ˵ΪǼΪˡ
ûסǴʱǰеط죬Ҫȥ
ԸŲ˶٣ҩ˳ƺû뵽ᷢǰεһĻϺޱ仯ֻȰƣЩǲҪڿúá
׺˸͸͵ĻĿİǣһûꡭ
Ը佫ͷ˵֪û꣬ý͡
ƳͷȻŵһҳͼӶ͵ѧ
šԸҩ͵ǰӹҩȫ̧ͷֱʦ
ţʦȻˣΪβ鱾ϡ
ͷƺҩҩ㹻Ѻȣһ˿̵Ρ
ԸҩĲɣԸùҩιȣֽ˵ҩ˲á
˵ԼԣԭһСڴ˿̱ЩɳԸѾʢҩӷߣֻ˳ƺ¡
һ̧ͷ㲻ˣŷΪǰ˸ιҩԭǾܽƽղʳ˼̻ʦϾȻմЩ̻ҡ
Ըְҩߣȴû˶Ը뿪ѣȴ˵˻ʦ㿿Щ
šԸԭĻ˻ȥǰһЩ
빻ˣ˳ԸָϵĻɾ
ʦմЩң´ҪСЩ
á
ּ֣ιҩȡ
죬Ըɲͬ´Ƶ治ղȻÿζܰҩȴǻŪһЩңƺЩȣʼǾ仰ܰҩ͸ûʱԼ
ŷЩʦóĶСҪԷʱǳԱٹȵȹΪбٹȵģŲ֪ٹȵûʲôζʦ嶼Щʿ඼ϲԱٹȵ
ʦЩڶһݡ
ʽٹȺ󣬳ϰߵıٹȵҲûˡ
ûʦշҲǵһμʦȾ̳
ȳԸżȥߺϲû¾С⿴ʦѾ˺üĻ𣬳ԸŲʱЩæңѹܻճϻҳ
ſڿʱǺԸϽſΪ˰õ̻ȫƮԶŰġ
ⷽϣԸƺִţֲʦֻԶԹԵźҩ
ӹһ£ϵ˼ȬΪȶڴ˳ڣٶʵ̫죬ֻһٶȣƺ޲һźá
ҩͣˣ򵱳ĻҩûмıҪʣЩСëֻԼˡ
ʱ䣬Ը˺Ե˵֮ȴǰദģʽܵΪûУֻǳԸߵʱ䳤Щƽÿ־Ĵ
ȻԸֻڰÿɻȥѩɽˮ̶ղ䡣
ųԸһȥѩɽɳԸֻҹڴϴҲʦһˡ
*
ϦhС֪ʦĸΣûϦѺ˾˿ɶԵӲСʦӹŹ˻һۿĴʦ㣬û˹룬ǸʦͰѴʦ㷣ȥ˺ɽأʦǱ
ĻҪ˵ڣǻ۵˱˵ҹɫ˻ãЩɽĻֻСһ֣峿ͬһɡ
ǣĿĶʹųͷͷһ£ûɽЩĻ
Ϧh治ʦˣҪЩһѻ˲źãˡ
ͳԸһͬɽʱı̱ڵɹ̫ϢϦhոϦ׾Ȼһ߸ȷ磬ʵ˴۽硣
ϦѺֵ̳úǼʱϦhûӵ֮ǰȰסյ̫ż˴Ϧhˣʬһ⵲·֪ĻΪϦѺŰͽܡ
ѵ𣿡Ϧh췭˸ۣӵ˵Сʦ壬ˣҺʦԭȥѩɽ㣬ʦʵںģҪֻ
ֶǿߣ޲ֱӿڴ
ЦԸӦĿŲϣǡ뿴˺Цüۡ
ʱһ£ϦѺԾɾ֮䲻̫ԾŲŲԸڵŪһϦhһ飬ǺܷûЦϦh
СhЩΣ
ҲûнϦhĻϰϦhıԹһɽЩӣȵһڲˮҪֹá
ϦhԺݺݵһһûĵʦ𣬼ٿ޵һ㶼ãСʦ㶼֪ڶͱʦֻ⻨ñ˵Ŀء
Ϧhסؿڣݵǽޱȡ
ʦ͸ˣʦӽ˽أ֪ʲôأʦܣ˶Ȧ
Ϧʮϵس˳Щ´ѵøϦhվͬһսߡ


40 ǧ
ΪҲ֪Щ۸˰ɻ
ϦѺЦжϦh, ߱˶ĵ׷ë뵽ʲôĥҪǸȥ, ͵͵ȥʦĻᶼûˡ
, ϦhϿ˵ˮͰ, ֣Сʦ壬Ըȥĵطˮˣټ
ܵü, ˵껰ûӰ
ЩνĿϦѺ, ̽, ѩ𣿡
ɽûӡʲô׺ݵ, ǷЩ, ͺͺһƬʺϷˡ
ϦѺӭĿ⣬ֿߵĳԸȻĽ˵ϦhϹ˵, ҴͽܵȻָúܺãҪںɽǱ
ûʲô˵ãץһ˾Ҫĥ
Ȼ, ҲǶô, ЩЩΪϦѩȥ¼Ϊóûһ, ڲŽ
ͷ׷ţô, νض顣
ϦѺ̿ߵˣЦøЩٲ˳ԸĹͣǸپϲ
֪ϦѺ뵽ʲô㿪ģʦҪҪ˵
̽㣬ʦ𡣡
Цţܺã޴󰭣ʦҪȥߣһֱѩɽǵӾô򵥣ʦ̸ֲ֪飬ڷ俴٣ȴǲ̫˽⣬Щ̫ˣȥһѧࡣ
ٲһֱһЩȤ
Ҫʦһͬģʦʱľʱ뷨ˡ
ǿԣԸʦҲͬǰĴߣȥﶼԣֻҪʦԸ⡣
𣡣ϦѺ͵ֿԸ
ʹģҪ̽뿪𣿻ҪʦһߣвУҲͬģҪҪһߵģ
ϦѺƺ¶ĳ־ģȥʰһһߣ
û뵽˾Ȼ֮ƫæֹ̽㣬ҺʦֻɽתתЩӱˡ
Ѿʼĵ㱦ͣ˶һʵҪ뿪ڣ
ҡҡͷЦҺʦļң뿪ȥ
ԸֽĿϣ֪Щʲô
ϦѺ˿ؿڣҪ뿪ڣôıûߣˡ
ǾͺǾͺã˵ûǵļң뿪ģ
ͳԸڵıһ͵һţҪˣ޶ûطޣ䶼Ҫȥ
ϦѺ˼ֻĿƵƵߵƮȻ鿴ʲô仯ⶼҪɽȥˣ
ºúѯһκγԸʵڸ˸ýڵĻᡣ
գϦѺ˦СվɽſˣǵòٵΪڳʲô£ԸСʦɽѵҪ뿪ڣѰ֮
ȥ˲ɽһʱ䣬͵͵巭˰ۡ
ϦѺȴèԹһʵˣκʵû͵͵ֻ֣ɽͷԼᡣ
ߣɽ·ϣͳԸûʩһһȥ
ɽǰ̨һǧףѰҪѰʵҪǧʯײ˵һأȥÿյ֮ʱʯ֮ûˡ
ڵ֮ǰɽĵֶУʯ׸רŸ뷲˶ġ
ųԸĲУС㱻ʦѩɽû濼˵ĵһ߹ǧ̨ףڵӳǰΪɽԭ򣬴඼ȳɽ뿪
϶¿ʯʮֶͣϲ£˵ĵ޷ϰǧʯףᱻɽɽûͨ˵ĵҲרŵĵӻɽ
ߵǧʱͳԸֱһߵʵ̫ײԷƺѰ¡
ԸûʲôֻרעǰͷʯףһһߵüΪƽȡ
ȴЩңǺЩɵǧʯɰͰȥǺ
û
ڷЩʫܻʲôǰ£Ͷϣһƺʲôġ
ʦֲʣʵҲǺףһ֪ˣ˵ϲһ鶼ģ°ǧʯף֪㲻
Щ֪ҪǣϳԸ֣ʮָ֣㣬µ·ҲӦһʡ
ЩŲԸͣת΢΢̧ͷƽڵ˵
ӳԸתһ̣Ҳͣ˽Ų֮ĸ̨ףֻҪ΢΢ͷܶߡ
ʦǣ֡
˵ţ˫ȴıЩִٵζ
Ը֣촽á
վ̨֮ϵĹչЦգ̫ǰˣҹ¹΢΢ŵƣû̫๥ȴ޾
ôӳڳԸУԼֵݵģסͬʱʮָۡ
ԸЩЩʧôһµ˹ȥҼ䱻ԸС
ڳԸƽŻҵ֪ǱŵûΪ˳Ըġ
ԸûƿǻʮָԸе鱧ס˴̨׵ȥ
а
ӳԸ˳Щ죬ƤЩԳԸʱ򶯲
ްʦסҡ
Ը´ƺҪ˵ʲôȴƫƫû˵
ǱãԺҪСһЩҲڣǧҪ׽ֽˡƺֳûʱվȣ档
̿Ц˵ʦҲǣ֣ô׵
Ը㶣ƺЩü۶һ˿ײЦǱá
ʦǰˤʦܻסҵģ𣿡
š
˽۵߬øЩǳԸõ˵ץҽЩ㲻׵ȥˡ
ΪԸĻЦӦЩƺĺ´ǧ߽׵һ
ǧ̨ףµǧʱһƽ̨ΪЪŵĵطڳ֮ʱԭҪһףµûпɹĵطһǰ·ѣҪһʼ˷־壬һ󣬶Ͼ쳾
֪ΪϦһ̨׸ĳ˰ǧߵǧʱһƽ̨ǧ̨ԭࡣ
ŵɽʯ׶ܸߣڵİǧ֮ȣѾнϵ͵ˣһһյĵһš
˶˵˵ţԸڡ
˭֪ϦΪθУϦԼģѾ깤һеǧףĳһƽ̹·
ʦ֪ϦΪνʯ·ǧʯס
ųԸĲЩ꣬Ҫ̧ͷʦһߣҪʦһЩƽʦˡ
ʦ֪еԵɣڹϦ̵ļĳһͻȻϵˣû֪ΪʲôϦ䣬֪
ֻгԸʼסѩɽϣӲ뿪
Ȱ棬±Ǩ


41 ΢
˸, ˵ξ¡
룬ʦŲǺ£һȥ, Ƕμѵˡ
ʦϲͬԼϵȤ, ˵, еıɽǰʯףϦʱһһĥ̨ף۷壬ɽš
ʦ𣬵ΪβҪһʯס
, ż״ҲҪһǧʯ׵, ƫƫûС
ԸĿŵúԶ, ǣǧµĵһ̨, صһ١
߶ȴ쳾, ҼΪͽδǰ㳾˱ûбҪ̨ףο
̧ͷ, ɻ󣺡ο
Ҵ㣬㲻Ҫ
˵㲻׷ʳԸȻдɻ, ȴҲЩʵó׵, Ҳò𰸡
ڷʱѧʮ֣࿴˼, 㵽Ϊֹ
ʦҪ쳾ȴҪ
ǧٽ, һԻŵϷޡ
٣Բ԰׷ڷǳ֮ˣһϷ޵ҪС࣬ҲٹñҪһ
˼ҲĳԸˣһۣ¶Щϲɫͷմźˮǲǰ˼̨ףȻֱӹʯ֮ϣؿȥ
ɼұӣ
Ϸ޿ʯһʵ˵仰Ҳ̧ͷԭơ
ͳԸͣϷԶλã˺˲ͬһӿֻлǶһΣʵã
ԸϷޣûпʻ
˼ңΪҪ⿴ʯסлв⣬Щ߱öﱧ⣬ˡ
ڵص˼ֱħңɼɽˡ
΢΢üŵÿһɽ³еֵԴ˱֤籣磬аճħǳֵּȻڣλ˼ҵʯʵڲá
ңڵؽħˣŵӲЩɽħĵӺͳҲܷ֡
̾ǿ֪ʯױûлͷ·
ʵͲһʴȵ·һʬɽѪѳ·Ҳעһɱ¾·ҲãħҲգ޵עҪմѪ
ǰʯͬûлͷǲϱǧ׿Ъһɲǣǧףȴһ˿һиĻᣬҪôǶҪôֻ·ߡ
Ⲣɼ飬Ǳˣɳ·ͬҲе·˵ҲΪҪõͱþ
飬ܸġ
λ˼Ҵʯϲʩסλ˵ѹʣ£
ɼң԰ˮܫ壬ħңеСȥβδʲôħУʵͶ·
ˮܫʢΪпŵɽȪǴ汲õˮ
ǰĳһ죬һ˼ҶС˱ΪɽҰңѰɽ֮УȴûҵκζߣɽвҰټ
һжԵ÷ƽ˾ɲգһСʧֵǣСһֱӣ˸Ժȴʧˡ
´ӳڱӰˮܫ䴦ڱ߽磬ȴǧд˵֮·οǲԶɽиɼħ˲
ɼΣȴһҵ֮ǴеȴһֱڼţɲһСӤСͯԽСĺʧԽ죬Ļ̡̻
ֱǰĳһ죬գ˴ũȥȪȡˮȴ˼һľ
ЩʧĺӳȪˮ֮УǵѪɽȪˮһ𣬿ɲ
ɵٴκɼʱǱȪˮ֮еʬȴʧԭ㲻ͷʿȻûģֱԴвκ쳣Ȼȥ
ڼţСĺͯС꣬ۻ
ڴ˰ҵĴ˻֣̿һǴ˱½½ũ˳ȥս٣ɹȴڳţЩߵҲû⡣
·һɼҲȣ˭Ҳ֪뿪Ӻ᲻ø磬Ϸޱվ˳ѸߣûⳡңһҲҪΪһ¡
˺ܾòŵɽµɽǣҵפɽµĵӣ˵⣬Щȴ˵Һܶ࣬Ͼ˼λ˼һȥ
·ף˸סţÿһնȥһפصˣȴʼûеõӦ
ΣѡѰ
ڵɽǰʯױһܴʯͷһоʾͷ·˼С
˼ҲǲʶЩ֣ʵͶ·ֻˡ
ʦһۣλ˼ҵ˵֮ǰ㵽ɽ£ɽµħҵϾ˼ҲӦϢŲǡ
ȴʲôҲûУеĹؼ֪Ρ
ˮ㡣
Ըһ䣬λ˼ߣƣȥˮܫ塣
ˮ㣬˼һ仰ؼЩسǵŵϣ˳ԸĻû˼º˵˼ңǴ·ɡ
лɼңɼҴ£
ڣԭ˼ҪСµ·ձ㵽ˮܫ塣
ˮܫȺɽ֮УһС·ɽˮܫ߳·
ɽãˮϪӻʢ·ݣӻУ绨Դɾ
°ԭΪũæ֮ʱӦһƬЦ֮ȴҼһŲĴʾŴлڡ
˿̸˵ɾ
λ˼һţǰ·ˮܫеӻƺҪĸһЩ׺ŵۺ죬Ʈ䣬Ϊǰе˳ӻꡣ
ָţķЩȥˣʦ𾲾ǰһƽ
Ըǰŵ˼ңΪˣ䶼ɵЦ⡣
ͷϣѣƺ򵥡
ע⵽ߣһָ΢΢£ȴûжжҲûƫͷȥˡ
ܿջߣͬǰ߰ͷϷޣʮָһ˽
뵽˴ѩһգǲͷ
һ˼ǰӻϰһϵһλͣ£סһ¡
𣬻ƵȺɽݸÿÿĴЩһ˼ҿţҼһͣ̽ͷ
ɼģϵӵһһȴʼһ
ʲôرȻɼ֣֮մЩȴͨһҲʿۺ졣
һĺõط£úܺãɹȴĥһֱŷΪ֮
ȴǾЩһ㣬ûϴԵŵСǱʦűߵĻϣΪ£ͼӡʵ̣ǲȥŮӹ˵ľٶͼĳ䣬ϰڷŵĻƿıԵͿͼ
ֱйأųĸڵʦ
˼ңǿ֪ڴ˶ˣ


42 
ǧ, ڴˣҪ׷Դ˵徿һ
˼Щ˼, ǴҲ, û˻Щ, һһԵɣһٽԼһүүʱݣµ˱ֻڴ仰ȴ׷ݲһˡ
ԸҲ̧ͷϵӻϵ, ûܾͣ, ܿƿĿ⡣
һ, ˱˹, ͳԸȻȥ, ȣ
ԸԴ仯Ѳ֪˶ٸ꣬龰翴˸顣
ڷ꣬ȴټ, ϲжྪȣȴΪ𺳣һ޳ıĵʴӡ
, λɡ
º͵̬ȸ˴ϣ, ȴûϿ˵ɼ, ħңʧٺͯʮ, ɼȰ
ɽȪںδԸʵ
ڵһ仰ֱָؼĵطΪ쳣ֻ쳣
Ըע˵ΣںзʲôԴͷںδá
˼Ҳ½½վ߳һȺˣЩ˱쿴Ȫˮ쳣һˣͷɽȪ۴ȥ
·̲ԶҪĴҲкܶࡣ
ˮܫɽߣȪ۲ֹһȴúɽǸ˴ȷͱ𴦲һȪˮӿ۳Ϫ˳ɽУˮɾȪء
ɿȴһ
ϪƮŲ֫ϱۣɽˮѪҺȾа
Ȫˮ֮һ㣬ʮСͯǰӴѪˮ֮пʳСѪ⡣
ԭСȻ˶ӱЩֱֱȪˮеķ㣬ƺ۲ˡ
Ŀ֮£һзȪۣˮһɲǣǰ仯ԭõĻ汻ƣ˿ȪˮеһƬǽ塣
񣬿޺ɽд˷
ĴˮвһһϿš
Сˮе㣬ƷͳԸǰˮţǵ۾ǹ죬Сҧļӡˮ
ڵϼʯͷҪңǹס
Сס
Ը䲻ȵԭɫȶСѪ̫ԸŲߣŤƨɱΪϡ
ƺûڰ棬СˮûʲôҲ޷ܵ񣬸ûСͯյɽŰɱʳ
ϪһȦȪ۴΢󷨺ۼ̽УױƳСˮһɲײһ󷨣˿ٽƳԵüΪ򵥡
ƻȪ֮кȻӿ˿˿͸ϪУһ󣬴󷨺ۼϿӦ²ꡣ
ҪЩط̺ŴȪˮˣȪӿȪˮˮܫԴƣüñȪˮһݹ͡
ˮ㣬𲢷ȪлˮԵɺ䵽Ȫ֮Ϊطԣ²ˮУҲల¡
ʷǰգɽʧСͯҰ׷ˮ̶Եҵ䵽ˮУ˺۵Сͯ䵽ˮףѪȵζеĿɴմȾѪȡ
ɺΪ޷뿪ˮУ˳ˮζץһֻˮӣòʳ⣬Ұȥũ͵ӣСױƭ˵۾͵ĺȫĿ
ܾ츳츳ǻۣԾʬѪˮ֮أѰҲ޷б仯
ǣȳСѪ⣬ΪСѪǺóԵģŲȡˮˣŴС֡
ȪӦǵһʿµģ˳ûҵνħȴŨȪˮ̰󷨽Ȫڷ
ȪӡϪˮЯȻ٣ڳĺܵƣǱ㳣ɽҰ÷ݹСѻˮеʬԽԽࡣ
ˮܫƲḻʿ಻мʳ֮㲻дֺȲƵĲһֻ㴼úȰˡ
ݴ˵ǰɽһ̼Ѱ߼۽г۵ľˮȫߣʱűǵһѰʿú
˻ŪԵɣֻʶ󷽵̻ȴеĲԡ
Ʋûһʿ㷢˴ˮȪ󷨷ӡ̻Ѱǰоˮˡ
Ǽƻõһһʿ쳣Ҫ⴦ˮԴ뿪ӦܸκˣȴѰ̻еľƣδЩ֣̫עĿ
⣬ڴõ˽ԭǵڶȥѰʿ֮ʱδɽɽʿһһеʿǵ˵һûҵɽ쳣˶ʱ䲻ģЩͬǰæ
һͬûҵκζһȺʿתһȦѷԲʮɽֶѰһ飬ߴ˺ǰȫصǡ
뿪󣬴йһΰȵӣмһûٷֵ£ֱȡˮƵĴ񿴵ѪһƬȪˮֻ
ҲʱѰ˳ʿʿ󣬴˴ȴָֻƽʿȻ뿪ʿԸˮܫ壬ֻϣĻ̡̻
ɽǣҼǵô˳һͳ졣˼һ˵֪ҲΪȸ
ɽڲҲʲôŴңһ˵е̵嶼ܽһԴѣҲͳһ
μڼһΣЩǡǰѰҼһͦŴӵޡ
Ϊһζҩ˵ҪΪŮβǵõ̽ҩǸˬģ
ʱ־УȰ˼䡣
СȻ¶ͷȴɿŵϵķ㣬˵Ǵ֮Ѳġ
ˮ䵽ϣعЩγ˳䣬סС̰ߡ
Ըע⵽СüͷͻȻץס󣬽ˮСժܵƲõСֱ壬ʬһ㲻Ҷ
ڳԸҪСڵϵǰһסˣʦСǴ󲹡
СҲǽջκһ⣬类˸ɾＫٿСܰѵŵڣ̵úࡣ
ԸȻҲ֪һ㣬СǱħģնɱͱСûʲô
ֻǣĿͣϣ󡣡
ԸûСˣֻ٣С޷ѣԵ۲Ъġ
ϸϸСϵһˮԸ˸ˮϴһ飬ֲһŰݡ
⼫Сˮһ£ǰС˳ȥ
Ը´㣬ˡ


43 
СӲڵװ, βȴŷĶ
ĺ㡣
ˣδá
ǰֲģҶ֣վԶѯ, Щʧȥӵ˼, Ҫô޵˺ѷ, Ҫô㣬޲ܽƤ
ɴվ̥-壬þ취Ҳ޷ɱ㣬ƹ͵ӵɽҰҲѱ¡
ǻὫߣΪЩĺӳת, ȪˮȾɷ, мʮڲȡ
Թɷ֮ɢ, οʮͯ۶ɵԹ, ܹȪˮĽ, Ǵδ꣬㶯֣ҲᱻԹǡ
ʵˮԹ, ˮȻָԭģ֮˵ʮ겻ãֻЩʱ嵭ԲҰӡЩӦˡ
²һ, һνȪˮ, һ߲ͬ󷨲Ϊ˷Ȫ, ǽˮл, ȴôԣȪˮܫĸıֻЩ
Ըһֱһ߾ûгʱһԼȥıӣȪˮٱʿ֡
Щ̾һʦ𣬽Ǳȥɽǰɡ
ˮܫħҵȻҲҪҳ򣬶ֱָɽǣҲЩǣǶҪ⡣
˸ˮܫ壬ûѯʸ飬û˵룬˺ʿ֮Ĳ̫ɻˡ
ɽǡ
ͳԸʩȥԭòһ£˻ӱɲ۵ɫϡ
Ըͬһ㻻ɫסɼ㻻òɺÿúܣ˫۾û䣬ƽ
ųԸЩ񣬼Ǹ޵ʦȫһʦϣһ˿һʱӰӡ
вף
Ը΢üͷ䳤סѩɽȴҲ֪Ϊ·һòȻû˵ҲǸŶԷһʩģѲ˲
ţԸʶ½ԼһΪ綼ڵӦдǡ
ʶʦΪβ£
ʦģԺ֮ȥҲô˳
Ը㶣Ծ˵˻ֹԷ˵ʱӣһµԵòײˡ
Ըѵûһ¹ȥ£ʵɫ̫ޣɴɱɱմѪɫѪһɫױö֮ϰ˴¡
˵Ϧҵһ£Ҳڡ
ǶαļʵЩԶҪøɾȻ𣬱ƽȾЩأȴ׽͸
ЩȣûʦȻΪһڣһرꡣ
òʦ˵򵥣ȴ֪ʳڣҲûһõĿڻᣬܸоʦܲԸǶξ£ˣҲܵõ𰸡
ǸʦգԸ֪Եɡ
һ˵ӣ㵽ΪֹһӲ̫˵¡
ҵȷйȥֻǲٴˡԸһۣƿߡ
Թ˵һ䣬ǰƽɫҲûб仯ȴƺ˷ꡣ
ȻסԸ䣬ŵҡʦ𡭡
òĺһγֽסӵԸĵط
̫ˣЩϸһһϸܵۡ
ΪΣʧʵ
Ը˳źӵڣɽЩĺߡ
ʺˣû˵ңȻҪڡ
ԸشǺ߾ȻԽ˲øҪһ㡣
ʦ𡭡ۡ
ԸüͷøЩӴ뵽ڣΪ򵥴ֱķҵĺߡ
飬޷նϣֻˡԸƣҪҵĹȥˡ
ҵĺ߽ƽϢʧ
ԸὫڻӽǿʼע⵽˵˹
úüۣԲüĿ㶼㲻ϣ綼ֻռһ֡
ɤŴӲλѣȥҼΣҿλСӲ̫ãҼҽ
һȺ֣̬һ㲻ȥ˱ߣ࣬ΪĿ֮±˱źҪƿԸ
ûȷ˳ȥԸûָһֻ˶䣬㽫Ʒɡ
ү
ԭæȥޣ֪Է̫ػôҵȥ
һ߿ֵֿʼ۷׷ף޷ʲôҹӽ壬λ湻ù϶Ҫϡ
˽бкܶϿ벻ע⵽ѣдеֹ
һλаŮǿȢǱޡ
о˵Խ࣬Щ
Ըǲü˽߷ϣǿ֪Ҽҹ˭㲻ˣǹӿСӼҪְһǲ֪ôǲһ˵뿪ɽǣ
ֵĳһ
⹷ȷ˵ԽԽˣ
ɢ˱ӣλҪꡣ
Ҫ˵ģŮͨԾˣŮһһԣҶˣȲ˵Ķǡ
һôֲûɹǿԧ£ǻǰϷɡ

üΧ۷׷׵ĻУЩ
ɽҶҴˣûκ˼ɫԱΪԵá
Գ֣ԽԽ֣ǵֻҪЩǲĴң㶼֣ȻΪߣʮȴԪӤЩɢ޲
ΪߵģҲΪҾڳУɵ˲ֵ̫֡
һ˱㱻ӵΧԸһ²أΪʵ̫ˤñȽϲҡ
޾öӣӵһǰŮʵںÿţҲûôˣһô˼ҹ˵ģ
һ죬ŵȴûѹȥǣӡ
ѷɽˣҲ֪˭ʶ࣬һؼ
ϵ̰ڲסرڿʱ򣬳ԸҲÿ飬ѵޱȣû˭ϲˣһۣģʵڹˡ
ڴ϶ʵǡ
Ըһ˿ס˳Ը֣˳ԷﵹԸסˣС
ʦҡ
ԸȻֱȥػᱻ֮⣬˭ԭȥᱻô˻롣
ʵԳԸΪֱӶ֣û˸ֹҲˡ
ˮܫ֮޹أʱɲճ
ȱһݣ˳ɽ˲²ݣȾޱȵŮ޺е㱾µ¡
װ޵ЦЦΪԼ
Ըʱæַסˣһߵ޵ߡ


44 
һ, һᣬ˫ֱסԸĲӣϸЩ, ͷԿԸĿ, ʦ𣿡
ԸЩ, סֺ˵գƣݵò̫ãҪЩ
ֳֿ
ʣһǳԸǿмϵ, ǰЩͻʧЩɼ, ߱ȽϿ졣
㹻ӲĮ, ȫһӵĺõ, ųԸԵ, ˵ˣû顣
ҲǣǵµݻǿֵԼ²ģݵټҲû˻, ѷ͸ỳˣ˲ԾҲ⣬Ŀıǽ˴ؼͲ߿һ㡣
ɷǳ, ɽǲһС, иŲϺţ⸮ۡҪڵɽŻҪࡣ
ƽ, ʯΪשν
ʿΪ, ϴμλʮǰʱΪˣʹͬΪʿڸۡˣ̫֡
˶ԼҴӵִŮ޼߲֣˶æԼĻȻҲд˵ģϾүһԵķޣȴûߵġ
ӵԺӲʿԺӣغմߣʵ˷ѵԺӾ͸֪ɴӵԺȴףң࿡ŮΪûΪķˡ
ǹӵԺӡһţΪҫżĿɨԺһȺŮʱ˵ǹӵļˣȻǼȻԺҲһλ
ˣʴһ˵Щ΢ûסɫ˱䣬ͷڳԸⱻ˿Ծ
Ը˵Ļûʲô仯ڸоָԼʱ򣬶СĽ˷˵ϣվˤöԷԼ
һŮӶԼĻûзӦЩʧȤſ־ʲôûУ˼񶼲ûһ뻢ѨԾʱ˺ű˴ˣɵҲ֪ǲҪ˿İɡ
ѷȻҲǲǰ˼һӸף⡣
λѣȥ￴ʵҽЩоΪλСӡ
ѷûԸˣû˵꣬һη˳ȥֱˮ
ƣðвˡ
̤ҿʼǱѾ֮УѰ˿ܲ󷨼ΪΣԺӵʿ֮Ҳ޷뿪
һȺѷԺˣҲʿΪΪ˷ˣȦ
Щ˶Ȼʩĳطȡ񣬴Щ˿ûκηӦľжϣжϳЩ
Щƭǿйʿ⵽˶֡
ѷ˴ˮЩľһ˵ЦŪݣеĹ첻νࡣ
ΪԸͻȻ֣һԺһƬЩԭæŮСȫ˹һνΧ
ѷˮر·ϵˮ񶾿ųԸŮʵڲʶ࣬Ҳ˭ĵϾ͸Ҷ֡
ڱϵལ˳ﶶ£ƺڻӦһȺΧ˵ʿԪӤѾСΪߣ˵ֶûš
ڣȻû
Ӿһ˲̶ĿУһǧ޵𵤴ԲǺǷͻƣǾҪֹڴˣŮ޿Ϊȴ֮ߣܵõΪ練ơ
üӿĿⲻϲЩϤϸ룬Χ˹
˸ҼҶ˵ޱȣһȺ˽ԺΧ
Ǹһ֮ԵҼò̬ʮǰû̫仯ֻΪһ̽СС¡
˳ڣԼһΪ
Ӽ׳֣ϸе֣ЦǶǴΣսţֻǼҵϣǲ֪ǵζΡ
ΪߴˣΪҲԪӤдܳȥףοǻеơ
ϧվˣԸʮ˵һν˦˳ȥ˿ûи˷ĻᣬֱΪѹˡ
ƽ߿ѾʶԾаħȡΪʬ꣬
Ըÿ˵һ֣ϵıάֲסһЩɵǺˣ˵ƾĪҪѪˣ
ƣ㡣Ըûлش˵Ļһ¡
Թ㱻Ժӣһȱɫֵ㡢
һض϶ԷĻԸ
Ϊֻǵùģû뵽˼ҾȻ˳ϲ鵽
ħͨŵӣȺˣ
ΪɵųԸȴɵ¾Ȼܲ鵽Щ֪󡣡
ǰŮӲӶԷѹʿ͸оˣԼԲǶ֣ܽǸ˻
Ůʶ࣬󣬱Ͽ˶ߣá
󡣡
ҧϼЦǣǿŮƮƮһĺ·ǿɶɫƳŽվһߵŮޡ
˳ʿԼһΪŮޣǸǣŮ˵ĺð취
Σºú̸һ̸һ⣬
ʱԸָڿһ㣬ȥӰİЦ˱ڿУҪֵһֵ޷ջأֱӴ˰ϡ
۷壬Ӱ١
Ըùལʿţ
ų׻ˣĵƱ۷İˣ۷ΪԺߣΪ˳ɽٵʿܹ٣λû˵Ҳ֪ЩŴҵһλ
ԣЩ˳ɽٵϼһǧ겻һɽôվܳһǵùֻǲ֪ǳɵ־硣
ɽһ年аħڴ˽ϲٷ֮
ԸﴫŻصʿһ仰
ʶ㡢ǡ
ˣϳԸݣֵԸǣ
뵽йһ֮ԵŮޣʱϦѺǸŵŮ˲Ÿҩʱǧ꣬нףȴԼһľ硣
û뵽ͬΪطͻƵĿܣ治
еģų̰һܵڳ԰æ֮ʱʱ˿ԼĿ㣬ֻûôԡ
ɫڳԸ﷢ӳٱһնڳˡ
ʦҵһ¡
ԸԣΪĻͣ˶ûȫһǰһΪŮҩ䲻٣ΪҪ㣿
ΪβŮ
аħȺ޿ˡ벻ΪһΪŮҩĸĶ¡
һ£ЦʵúãҵȷǸøףҩΪŮһһΡ

ɫӦ£ȻЩնڽ¡


45 
Ըȥ, ǰݺȻųԸѹһжԺڴˡ
ʦ, Щʿڡ̡
ǱаΪ, ֱɲ˲Ŀܾ, ҲѻָǣڴҲһֽѡ
Ը˿˿⣬һ˼俴ͣƽ˵
ʦ𡣡
, ǻָ, ֪Լܾ, Ҳ̤, ͷʼ, Ա䡣
Ҫ˵Ļֺγ֪ʦ˼ʿб, ơ
ֻǣܹ޷ǰţһҵĽ֡
ԺΧһȺȵʿķ˰, ֻŮӴӵĽƽԺзɳ, Ժ⡣
⿴ֵʿǳԸӣ
յԸﴫԺ̮, ֽŮӣ˵ݲν÷ֱ档
Ӧȥ, վȺ볤ԸЩ룬ǰһʱѻָԭòֵλѣакһλߣĪҪ˶֡
Ȼʦһϳȴûаʿ֮Ĳޣɽ˵󲻴˵СҲС¢ϢȻС
лѣʵڳҲӣȥѰǵȴӴ֮ˡ
ʿɢһ룬ͳԸ뿪ԭֵķȴȻһţӵڵϵʯƽ
һЩδ뿪ʿҲУѹԺֵǮı
ǽƣԸʧԺ⡣
*
֮пջ֮ʱԸڴ߾裬ֲλãǶ棬һΪÿޡ
סɽӵް±ʦֶɽħǡþھɽǲԶλãյԸĴ˹
ްһȣſϣͳԸֽд֣ҺС
Ը޶ãЦ֪ڴ˴
ްӣʦֽҸɽնħɽ֪ѵΣ㽫ӵ񽻸껭ʦֶ˭û˯죬ʦ㴫Ҵѣȥǵ£ɲǡ
ѹպ̽˵ҺʦϢá
ްΪԹһְۣڳԸڴ˲Һȥɽǡ̸͵ܵľƹ񣬺ѯһŵ֪ҵĴ߹һָʾȥˮܫƣЩ꣬˽һ̳ʱҡ
⻰ҪõǸƹҪݺްˮҲ˼˵ڣգô벻һˣƢǰ㱩꣬仰Ҫѹڳǽϵģʵڿɶ
Щһ¸ŵӣҲѲ飬޷ˮܫͳ¶ʯҩ¸ˣ˵Щû̫ԶͷȵȣҲеӲţκ˼ҸĶ࣬Ҽûл·⵵¡
λϷڵЩ˻¸ȴû뵽λ˵ȥڵɽףǡɽǶˣŰ¶¼Щ漰µŵӽԱ飬ʦ㲻׽½ҹ
ˣңҴȥǼֻʣһʬ廹ڣһשһ߶ȥ
ް˵յһȥˮܫıҵӣڷˮܫˮܺ󣬽ӡǲûҵҵħ˽ˮܫľ꣬ҪԴ˳׶Ͼˮܫˮܡ
ڶΪ˴Ӵа˵ħңʿ˷ܣȥˮܫ壬ҵ˻ҵȪ֮塣
ȥеȻҲʿȪһ࣬ͻȻɱˣһȥȡˮĴ㿴ˮв󣬶ȥʿȶֽʵڸװˣӷȻ뿪
ްһ˵໰ϵˮ
˼ܹΪҷħɣʿϿմѪ˵Ѫȴ򲻿ɶմˣйأаˣɱкĶʿ׽֮ʱҲᱻС
ްע⵽ĬˮʣСʦ壬벻׵ĵط
ҡҡͷ̾δֻǲ̫ףѵõԵΪҪк֪İա
ˮܫ˺޹ǲ֪Ȫܣ֪ڷ˵Ҳδ̫޷ˮһЩοϾɱ
ް˵һֱĬŵĳԸ
еˮζĬĬĸ֡
ްԸֽĿڳĬϣȵСʦ壬˵ˮܫûۺӵеˮԶ̰ģ絹ң񻹲һƬʣǾ˻Щʬϵﶼᱻ˰Ǹɾ
û˳Ըʦ͸ɽͷλΪ߳ĳϣ˱ӣЩۺܰŵɽ̤ơ
ʱջȻһԭһ˵߽˿ջУӵһȺˣʿ˽Уֻ˺ƽ｡ɣô߸·ĥ䣬ĪǹΪ˵ҵȵθڣ
˵ҡڿջ̨ϣЦϷĸҵλθڣƽҲ
ЦҲƽԼʲôǿɲЩϵĹ£ʱ䣬ȥɱͷʹ죡
ԭްĻڳ˼ҲΪֱĿ⣬ʣ˵Ҫεȹ£Ȼôʿ
ްתˮһνȳſֽϵĺ˱仯д
ٳٲʼްɻ󣬶ԷЦСʦ壬λɲͨ˵϶֪Űɣǰλ
ˣΨһһ˳ɽٵɢʿܻ켣ڸջ飬ϵ£̸
˽µĿջȻϯ
չΪΣʡ
ްȺϣЦ
̨ҳһŵʿش⣬ֻһ˴λҰսĿӺͳԸĹ£ȥοڣ
˻һԭһŵ˰ЦЦһȦĿ˵λͣһ˲תʼ¡
˵ϻأǽӺͳԸԵ춨ʮ£˺Ըչذ꣬ɽ³ħնΪꡭ
գԸһںϣͽ˺ؾ˽֪ؾͣ˺ѣһ˵
ԸΪΡ
˴˵Ļֻ̨˵ĪӣЦȻɲ⡣
˺ؾ󣬳ԸѹưħĿ׽֮ӣֻʮĵ׽٣Ѫ֮Уӡ
˽λ龰ʵ̾Ϊֹ
ãлʿʣΪԸ̫ܷ֮Ϊƣֺʱһλϲơ


46 շ
ջһƬ, ųԸӡ
ջĿ⣬Ծˮڴȴûˮ
Щб, ͵͵Ըʱģ
ԸһƬƽ, ˮ, ƽȣ˿Ӱ죬ˮһ룬ͣ¶
ע⵽ߣ΢΢ͷ, ɻ£
æջ, ӹԸŷµˮ, Լˮ, ʵ, 뱭еˮҲε
ԸˣΪ˵ҿ
šͷֻ˰뱭ˮͣ¶
ްһγſ, ˵λӣּֽΪۣдȤ
˵ǡÿϵ֣Цŵı鲻, ̨˻˻, ˵λʣ಻֪
˵Ļһɧ, û˹ϵҡʧڿջ
ް, 𣺡Сʦ壬ȥɣ㲻ˡ
ϣӰʧ
ʱջԶʧڿջ˵ǽߣϿҡȣҪëҡһ㡣
ްû˷ڿջǰشݵʣּֿˣȫóԸˣ᲻׷ɱҰ
ްһγſȣǰֺ֣֪
˼ֱӽȳ˹ȥŭΪβ˵ԸҪݺң
֣Ϊ̫ò⸱ҿʵۡްסȣʡ
ҧһ䣬ʵòްƣ˿̬ȴǽС΢ޱȡ
ްȻˣΪ˵Щҥ˲٣ֲǵһν£Ҫ׷㣬㵽ڣ
˵㵽ǸС£׷ǣҲúûš
˵ۣһСͣĺҲû潫Σɲһ
ްҡͷſȵʲôСʦ˵ûԸ׷㣬Ҳᶯ֡
˵˼һ飬ҲУҪҸɽܱܷͷĪҪˣ
*
һߣջɢȥ𽥰
ʵʦ֪ˣ
ɽٹ˵¼ʦڣźնڲڰ̯飬ǵʦϳʦţշתջ飬ڽ֮ʱ˳ɽ١
Ը˼һ˵֪һްͬĸϵãʦۣ˼
Ϊգ仰û˵ż˵ʱ࣬Īǰʵòֻǣȫһ˵
ˮܫһ½ƣȥδ
룬ԭʦûĿģˮܫһ£û˷
һʾӣʦ벻ȥ
ճûȥЩʿƼ֮ȥ˵ؽãʱҲջס꣬һԺ䣬ƫƧ徲
δ飬Ҳ֪СԺ˶ٻҳ
ЩţʦԸһͬȥǴСԺҲǵط˾ס޷ס
Ըûʲôԣȥûʲôͬò׻ܣѩɽȥСԺҲֻǶˣﶼһ
СԺڵĵؽԶԭһ飬Խ˳ǣȥԽϡʿӰԽԽٵȫʧ
ûĵط޷ʿѡڷ˾ۼĳǳأҲǴҴҶͣ
˳нֵɽеĽֵӵ࣬˴æ
ӴóԿ׿ţԸһ̧ͷȥǰҡ
СԺ
ĸʷ͸¶˿˿ᣬдֵһ㡣
ʦԺЩӲݣʰһܾסȥջסգ
أͺܺãͬһ𡣡
⴦ԺӲСǲһʱû˰æ
ԸȻһֱסѩɽջҩ̫ᣬȴԺΪӦ֣İæࡣ
ûп⶯ӿٶȣܿȥԺҲɨɾ
գһֵھӶ֪ⳣû˵ԺסÿĹһȺš
ƢãǰĽַھӽǵھӶ飬˳ʳˣдס֣ûл䡣
ƺǸ˵ýģھ飬һһùֱе
󣬴ڳԸѵĮȻУĲ鲻Ը뿪
ŶھĳʳεֵھӺǺÿͣණ
ԺӺȴһֱסȥħնÿλ꣬Ҳˣ಻ͬݣһ⣬ʳ
ԸһѶüʵ˵ףҲ𣿡
㶣ͷΣҾܾˡ
ȷ˵ףһΪ˲˵ף⻻װû뵽ýܣ㽫ҵż̤ơ
³ԸʣæʦҽԣЩѧЩʳýշ㣬ҵš
˵꣬һѶȥ
ʵڲ˼һֱ׷⣬ο˻ǳԸ
Щֻܼעڷϣ⻹һ˳ԣҲ֪Щû衣
Ըû׷ȥǰŲΪҪͻȻܿ˿̱۾֪ʲô
ķ˺ܼ򵥣Ĳһꡣ
ȥһ˼УЩ׺εȣܳϰ¡
Щ꣬ң⴦СԺղ˳Էӣħնһһࡣ
ѵлᣬǸʦһǿԣʦסһʱ䡣
ʦֻЩ򵥵ķˣθڡ
ЩſڶĳԸԷͷ޷
ԸϵĵˣԼǸУŵĿ£ֵпɣΪβԣ
΢΢ʦϲá
ĲɳŷһĶڳԸϣÿʦҪûĲʱҪãԷûзУһ
˳Էʱܰ˭Ҳûٿ˵ϵĲ٣ֱɸɾ
ʦϲȻѩɽոԡ
ϵķ˼ףЩȣȻ˷󣬿ɱϾĵˣΪʦֻÿ˳һڣû뵽Էͬٷ
ûʦϲȴܸоʦȻϲٷġ
ֻǣԸȴ鷳Ӧؿڸ֮ʱ䣬ú
ͷӦǣԸƺԼĲף̾˵ƣ겻Թʳաܺá
סЩӣ鷳ˡ
ʦ𣿡ȣ̧ͷųԸ
Ըͬͷ˵Ȼ˷䣬ϸճϢ
˳ԸĻѧŷķʽÿͲ䣬򵥵ÿһ졣
ȻҲͬһż߿˽̸á
ʦ𣬰º󣬳³һΪɽڵĽգһͬڿɺã
á


47 
ڷСԺסӺܿ, գۼȥʮ죬ʱ䣬˶ȹӾ͵糤Ը˵һ, ˯, Ͷٶٲ䡣
żҲתת, ڳԸʵ̫ÿ̫ãգֵ˼Ҷ֪òס˵ԺסÿĹ
ֻһӼãһȴ䵭, ֻ˵ʱŻͷ, ưһ
ʶ˶, ͳԸƽҲЩ, رǽͷβЩ˵׵Ĵ, ÿնҪÿСԺţãӺãĸ˵, Ըȴһţûһ
³ߣɽڡ
СԺڵĵطȽƫԶֵ, ͳԸڰʱ
, һ˷׷׸кǲȥɽ, û׼ɰȵȡ
еʺڴ˿, Ը֪˻ӭ
ط̫飬Ҷܺáǫ΢΢
̧ۿԷգԸĿǰ·ע⵽ߣƫЩͷæջߣװǰ
Ӿͷǻ˼ǰһٵ˼ңע⵽ۿķ
ǡߵע⵽˼ҵߣЦЦ
˼һ˲㱣ڵǿСԺסͣ
ǣ˼ңáͷЦ
˼ֿۣͻȻ˵λƹӵŮ
ƹӣԸɻ
͵غʮǰΪ˲˵ףס˼꣬û뵽˼ǵá
£΢΢ףš
˼Ц˵Ҿ˵ϴЦƹһÿᣬһ˵졣
ƺʱ飬סʱƹܻӭˣסﲻ£˵ýӽżߵˣʱŮƹأϧȥգƹ˵ˡ
˼Խ˵Խ죬û뵽˽ʱ¼ǵʦ˵˳
Ըǻץͷģôһ䣬ֻʣ
ȻᵱΪνƹĸףֻǲ̫ΪҪס
ЩΣʦǸǡ
˼ϸһˣ˵λﳤ濡Σ˵֣סСԺˣһһÿʱһǼСͯһλ⴦ԺӣǹǸˣǹңҵһγǹ
˼ƺԽȥЩ£һֱ˵ȥڴãԺӵ˽ӣ˵ͷǸʹˣܰ߶ʱ£λˡ
˵꣬ǣ˽ӡ
ǻ˼ҹţ˶߲徲
ʦ᲻úġ
Ըҡͷᡣ
Ǹ˼ҽС䣬ҸհʱŸյֱȵλãÿ뿪ˣỻһݻסû뵽ǵá
ԸṴƺ˿Ц⣬һ£Щ̧ͷʵʦ㷽šЦ𣿡
ʦһѩɽס꣬ټʦЦһʱЩ졣
ԸЦͺǳת˲ţûлشĻΪΣҪࣿ
˶٣۲ӣ˵̫ˣҪ˵ףǴλŻһݣ룬˸ˡ
ԸջؿĿ⣬òͼã࣬Ȼܻӭ
һ·ԣߵģɫҲ˼߶߶ãͳԸҲãʱ侹Ҳü졣
ȻǼֵģǹ˵ҹɫ΢⡣
Ĺ꣬ƻǴߣء
ⷲĽҲΪȤԸһΣǰһλｫɰͬеꡣ
Σ
ֻɰĹӹɰҲ֧֧˵
ųԸЩ˼˵աҪ֮ġ
ԸӦһתĿⲻȥǶԻˡ
˳ųԸĿ⿴ȥԲԲĺ죬һǺ«ˣҲע⵽˳Ը˹
ߺȵҪǺ«𣿡
ԸܾȴѾóͭǮҪ
ϣλףǽҹÿģ֮ˣǧҪЦǺȥߺš
Ŀ뿪Ǻ«ݸԸһʦ𣬸㡣
Ըӹѧҧһڣ΢΢ü۵ᡣ
Цüۣ˵ġ
ԸԼһģһǺ«ҡҡͷһζ仯
ԼǺ«ٵԸǰʦǾᣬһ⴮˵һЩ
ԸǺ«ҧһţЦ˵ʦ⴮Ҳġ
Ըֳһţα仯ᡣ
ҧǺ«ûζĵ᷺һ˿ۣ˵𣿿ҳš𡣡
ģԸǳǴǺ«˵ʳΪ֮˷ѡ
ͳԸһ·һߵĹ׷˹ǰȿһ۳Ըֺ㡣
˫һ幤õĺɰߣǲֱǰˡ
סĿˣԸɫ仯
ؾǰĺ⣬Լˣ
ǹʧȥһӰ
׺׺Ĺ⣬ҹյø
Ը̧ͷƽ޲ͫΪҹյĿ
Ҳע⵽ǰľ󣬳ڴ˼ĬķΧָǰ˵ʦҲȥһյƿɺã
Ƶ̯࣬ԶĺӱһСͯ긾Ů̯ϹŸʽĵƣԱ߻űī
˹Ů˵λһյԸɡ
ѡһյƣʣԸ
Ů˵ͷЦλﲻǱ˰ɣĴͳÿ³ɽգһյдԸƴԸɵϣסƶ˵Ϊ˽ף
ף𣿡
ŮΪ˱ʣûӣ֮˰ɣ
ӹʣͷ
СŮҲһ֧ëʣͷݵԸǰ㣬Ը
˹ȥŮŮͷЦſǰλ˵ﲻддĳ顣
Ըһյƣ˼ãдΨԸʦϲֳ
΢˸յƫͷȥ˱һֱûжʦòſԸдһֻ֣һ֡

Ըתͷʣ£
ţʦֻдһ𣿡
ţԸ԰
ԸҲд֣µĻû˵ü̾ƣԸ𣿡
еת˸ڱдһ֣ʦԸ֮Ը
д꣬ԥŷеĿƣԸյֻдһֵĵҲŷҹա
Ըƺ̾һֻδ˵Щʲô


48 
, ɵúԶܸߣǹɫһͬҹա
ƶ˵סǧ˼ȥԸ, Ļᱻֿף
ҹĳޱ, Ըڴ, ֵȺ֮ȴһޱȰ
кӵˮӳдԸƣǵյûټ
ʦ䵱𣿡
ͷˮ, ʵ, Ļ, ʦ֮նϵĺ, ᲻Ҳȥġ
Ը, Ͳдǰ١
ʦһԵ棬Ҫдһ򵥵ĻóԸ
Ըһİ, Уޡ
š𣿡ǵЦЩɬ˵ʦ𣿡
ţԸ̾, , ΪΪĶ
ԭͲƽȵ͵زһ£Ȼ, Щӷҵ𽥱С·ؼֻʣ³Ըˡ
ʵ, ֪ôһ죬ʦЩӣһ첻Ǳڴģɵӣܿ
ʦʼһ̫ѣΪĶ
ѹĵֹסĿɬȴڲס۵״ǵʧ䣬Ц˿ˣʣʦ𣬺ΪĶ
Ըת˿дǵʧ価£̬Ծһƽ˵֪
֪Щʱ򿪿˵ѹĵ׵Ŀɬܳº̫ԣҲ۽ǵʪܿơ
һ޵ˣᶨ۵ʢЦġ
Ը˵ڵĻЩȴģʣΪԵ
ɴһˣ˴ǶԷԵǴǽԴϲ
ƫƫͳԸĹϵʦͽͳԸһˡ
ǵĹϵƼޱȣȴ쳣
Ըתӣ΢΢̧ͷԶҹգ˵ƣҴӲҲԵ
߳װֻʣһƬûˮ棬ԭӳˮǵȫʧƽ޲û
Ȼˮ͵һ죬ǿҵĳˮƽҲѹĵеĿɬ
һȺΧˮ߾
ˮˣˮˣ
ˣĹͶԾˣ
ΪͶԾС벻
˵ǱɹѰɱ̾
ˮһ죬ˮеˮһץסͶԾĹ
һ󾪺˺ĪҪҲѧһ벻
еˮסʪۿĻᣬܿˮУӿתʧ
סͶԾĹ︡ˮ棬˵㳤ĪҪ׷
ǹȻתƿȴ۽ǵ΢죬ǻʧ䣬޵ȰĪҪΪԼҪޣ
һţûС˵Ļǹһ̫ÿЦȴ͸˿˿⡣
ǹƺߣһȺ˽˹ȥ
ܾЩҪϰˣһ˫ÿϤֵݵǰ̧ͷǳԸ֡
ûжԸˮĪҪˡ
֣ɳԸĵůˮ档
ȺɢȥλѰ̼ĹﱻһȺӵͻؼҡ
ˣԸ۽ǵĺ죬
ˮɳǱۡҡͷѰ˸͵ɡ
ԸԿѾָƽˮ棬ˮȷ㲻ϸɾȷˣǻȥɣ·Ҫ
վû˸ԭʪ͸ָ
ʦ𣬾·ʪˣҲ𣿡ͷûҪȥ˼
еˮȷʵ͸˿˿⣬ˮк󣬸ʱ䣬Բǰʧ̬
Ϊˣ˷ʵʦΪΪ
ֱֱųԸ۾ƺҪǰһһһ㣬վ߹Լ
Ըеƽû˿仯˵ڵĻҲˣһ㣺ѸģΪ
ģƺǱ䳹ǵĺӻҪѣѩɽ겻ĻѩҪһһ䣬־䡣
ȴƫһأһŻ˰꣬һעҪҪһΣֻҪһαãƫҪһҪͬʦһأ
ԸĬܳһʱĳĬ
˵ƣ㲻ˡ
Ը㹻˽˽Ҫ˽࣬˵Ҳˡ
СѩɽССһ˻Ϊһ껨ݿήѹȴԼᣬһˣǿȱ˵顣
ˣĿЩͣܵ˵ҪѭҪˡ
Ըûзû֣Ҳûаο
һ㣬еѽĴƣָȾ˵졣
ЩദĵεΣѹ˵ʦһԣò˼һ
˶̰ĵģҲһ̰ĵˣͬջزסǷص˼
࣬һᣬƺЩЪ˹ʵʦ˵ԣǺ˼أ
ΪҪϣֽϣڸǡ
Ըȴһֱ۾ƽ޲У˵ҪһԣҲĶ಻Ķ
ȴԸ׷ŹԸҹʦ顣
ΪһҹĻƣһҹļħһ㣬û飬Ϊֵ塣
ûж飬ΪҪһһ麰֣ΪҪΪһҪԼ֡
ʦǶġ
ɳԸƽɻΪһ̸
û飬ս
Ը̾ƺЩƣ룬ƣúһ룬յңڵҿ𡣡
һסЦźۿ˵յʦʦ𣬽յʦʦ𡭡
˵öԣյĳԸңĳԸҲҡԸ˿ٲƽ
ƺЩƣˣٹ
ûᣬֻЩʧʵʦ˵Ƕ̫꣬ǲĶ顣
ԸȻƺû뵽ʣδʧ̬ã˵ˣΪ֮Ҳǲ顣
ʦ֪ĶΪΣ鰮ΣҲ֪ҵ⡣
ƣҲԸһһֱΪסҵǺҲԸˡ
ҷԵ
Ը־˵λΪĻʧǵ˻ش
ЩʣųԸ˵ʦ㡣
ʦһìܵˣѻ˵úףܾĻҲ˵սǰ㣬û
ƫƫԸܶʱģȻЦȴǶܺãõ
Ҳ糤Ը˵һ㣬һΪˣ׼̫ѣСѡõ·
̫鵱ͺˣ㣬㲻һֱˣҲƲסĵ׵Ļϲʦţ㣬ƽòԼ
ʦ˵öԣҵȷˡ


49 ʦ
ҹɫ, 𽥰Ⱥɢȥ
Ըҹɫ뿪ûлСԺ, 뿪ǡ
ղ, Ŀ˳С·ߡ
ҹķů, ȴ䵽ĵס
ĬĬŲӣ֪˶ãԸͻȻͣƺҪڴ˴˿̵İ
ûʲô飬۵ȴӳɫµģ, ־, Щֹζ
Ҳͣ, ʢϸЦ, ųԸ˵
ɵ, ߵȴûзһҹɫ£ǰò񻰡
ٱܵĽŲݾףڰһŮ˵ν¶, ƺˣһȳһգٶȴ
Ůϴͨũѣ, ֪ʲô, £š
Ůʱʱһۣƺ׷ʲô, Ŵͣǰܡ
ͳԸעںҹбܵŮˣ˹ȥ, ֻڰ֮УһӰվȴһ׳ӰһͷҪŮȥ

αװͨལİӦɳҹգҪµĸͷײҹз
ԭŵ˿첽ũŮŵһεڵϣסʱ򣬾üһ
˿ǱͷĴ׳Ӱһˣ˿ۿ죬źԱʲôа֮ơ
Ըһ㣬ҪӶԭأһԭ˽ƽϢʧȥڵء
˵ڵϣһƺƮ˳Ըʩס޷ĴӴܡ
ŰŮ첽˵µˣڵϿ޵ô
ͣҡţԭε˿
õģûˡ˵̫ŵ˿̾Ůˡ
Ů˼ڵϵ˽תѣҲûɺ죬ڴ˿̷ɡ
ŮתڵϿͷ޺ţʦʦȾǣȾǵĺӰ
ͳԸһۣǰסŮˣ˶ͷȴ֪һ㻹Ҫ
ֹŮ˵Ľе֪ΪɷᷢŸͷ׷ΪҪȡ
Ů˼סھﲻԶһСӣӿɽһƬɽС壬һֻʮ˼ңûУһȺɽĴӶɽ塣
գһֵˣһ£ֻ¶һ˫۾û˸Ҹ˵ҲӲ˴
ֵԺտʼСܻʧССͯʮ꣬˲²Ǹ͵˺ӣ˻Ҫû룬Էգһһаһ㣬ܣŸͷˡ
Ů˵ԼҺӲ˴ŹƷСؽԽԼҷ˳ҳһƬʵڿɲ
ͳԸŮӣȻ˵һ㣬гһƬͣײǽһƬҡ
СޣŮ˼һ˵ȿ첽ԼԺӣ˼״æ׷˹ȥ
һݵ˴Ů˵ļңж飬ⷢ
棬ˤСкںڰУס죬ײ˶˵ע⡣
߽ߣҪƿ壬Ů˳ӣþȫƿڴǰ
ʩסˣҵħ˳
´Ůæƿ壬СкĸףֽŲôӴסŮ˿
Ů˱סСкֹסŵĺӡ
ԸסƮһ˿ħ˵ȥѰħޣ
ʦģ߽ҡ
Ըħ뿪۲ź庢ӵŮˣʩ
з˺ܶ࣬һƬһƬѪвұʬ塣
˸ϸߵλãʩʮ˼÷ҰѰ̫˷ʱ䣬óһﴵ죬öƽϢҿΪ֮ЧЩħϷ˳ۼ
ЩĿ𽥻ָƽһͣȴҪ˴ˣʩסڳˣͬʱڵħ
ⲢŮ˵ɽССһƬнʮ˺ӵĴ䣬ֹһ
ÿ֮䶼һξ룬߿У·ٶȱͨ˿࣬ҵЩ䣬ͬķħӷĴ
ɼˣȫħ´ɻʱ䣬ռħ㹻࣬˳˿ҵԵɣħһֹƶ˶ɢڴУ˹רʳ˾Ѫġ
ҲΪδз˵ĶǳӣܺΪŮӵԭЩƶӰķ߻ֹסɱ¾ɱ˴޸֮ĴǱụɱջһǸģػᱻħ޴ߣá
˵ħ޼̣һطˣͨƳħħͨɱǸᱻħΪܣʳǿΪ
ȫôħɫѾһ˿ħħ֮Ѱ˹ȥ
һߡ
ħָԸܿҵħ޲֮ء
˴ħɭɭ
Ըûйܹͼԥħɽ
ɽģһھ޴ĹڹУдһһͯ޽кֵ
ֻ¶һ˫۾ĺ˲ͷ֪һ޴Ĺǣھ޹֮ϣڡ
ȼ˹µĻžĻ濪ʼȼա
ûٹܹеСסһеСŮ
һһСŮ˻ƵӺз±£һкóԵˡ
СŮӣ۾ȴźˣзų
˳˻ƵЦûӦ
ЩСԹѪ⣬ٽմѪʤι㣬һ죬ĵ
ۺ˵ʲôеŮʼղֻ˫еĺ
ʿƽϢ֮ʱԹֻһѪӡ
˽СŮгߣ¶˫Ƿĺ죬ԣȥǴ֮
СŮƴţССһˣҲסһˣοһַħޡ
ۿѪӾҪǿСŮУһޱȵźϮ˹
Ըվһ˲ַ˷ʱ䡣
˱ţеѪڵ£СŮûһŲȽС
˭
˿ųԸŵǺˣ
ɳԸֻƮƮ˺һۣشԷĻǿѹ˶ԭأûа취ﾡѹںʧȥϢ
ԸվһߵСŮڽŵ׵ĺɫѪһ顣
ڳԸСŮʱ򣬶ԷҲӭĿ⿴ȥ
ƺһҲ³ԸЩƵˣǿ
Ըվԭû˵СŮȴͻȻӭųԸĿȥ
һһΤҪʦ
ԸʣΪΡ
ΪΡΤ˿ܻ䳤Ը۹⣬ᶨΪΣǿұΪʦ


50 ·
ħѰ, ˴Թ󷨱ǿƻ
Χ󷨺ۼһȦͣǿƻ󷨺ۼԵ, ϸ飺ʦ
һħ޵ľʱ, Ϊһ־Թ, Ǹֶ֣Σѹʦǿ
аħ֮ǿƻԭеԹӳĻᡣ
, ƽ󡣡
ལסԹ, һ, ɫĿȼա
ûдɢԹ, ھ˴Թ顣
, ΤһڳԸߣԸǣ׷ϳסĮ˵䡣
̫ɽ¶һ, ɽȾǳɫɫԣнӡʩŮһ㣬ɫƮڽ֮, ȻԹ
ΤųԸ߳ɽ, ǡÿɢɫ棬ս
Ƿ, һվڳԸߺ, ͷųԸʦǺˣ
ʦ𣿡Ȼʦѹڴϣԭء
ִɫϤĴ¶޷ĵĲͣԭأߴСﳶŵŲϤϡ
ʦ㣬˿ûˮ档
ǰһĻҲһ͵Ĵ𰸡
𰸣ԸܹشͷԼСŮƽΪʦʦ㡣
СǰһɳųԸһǣЦʦ㣬ΤӽҲʦá
˵꣬վԭûж΢΢ͷʳԸʦʦΪΣ
Ը˵
ʦ㣡С˺
ԭأЩղסеĽ߻صСĻһʦ㡣
ʦ㡣
ǿװ˽ѹĵ׷Լʦֻһͽܣֻ˶ѣͦõģԺѩɽֻʦͽˣСʦÿӺܻãѩɽֻЩЦ
˵ʦؼΪ֮ˣҪͽУټ򵥲ĵӦ׵ģǧ궼ˣʦֹһͽܣ˵ġ
ңʦҲδ˵ֻһͽ
ϰʦĮʺ쳾ģûܣԡŻ
ΤûжɻʣʦΪβ˵ʦ㣿
ԸԼСŮס̾ƣǸûȥˡ
ǿһĨЦĿ䵽ڳԸ˶ϣµӣСʦãҪһ𣿡
ÿһµӣǰŵ࣬ŵ޼
Τ̧ͷ
ԸǾѣ֮Ůڷעð鷳
ִΪʦһȥŰǧף꣬ұΪͽ
ʦ𣬲ɡֹ
ŵİǧײǰߣ꿪һɽͽÿʱűῪѹһһʣһһ٣·Уȴû֮ǡ
ڿɽͽ֮ʱʦɣһһѰٱ֮ǡ
λ˼һĸɽѰɣܵѹͽʦ֮Ѹ޷⡣
ڵϦѺһ˵ɽһҪΪʦɹʡ
ϦѺ̵ɽѲСͯǰСôҲ߰ģ
֮ŮҲãͨŮҲգԸһʻַʽȥ
ߡ
δȳԸ˵Сһ
ѴʦҪµӵĳлָСǰȰŰǧУҵһ꣬ʱٵɽɰڡ
ҪΪʦ
̾ʱɽǹˣʦҲΪͽ
Τ˿ᶨҡͷ˵㲻ҽҪΪʦһҲȲãǴˣ㲻Ϊͽ
ȰǰִֵС˵ĳԸȰʦ𣬶Ҫ𣿡
ԸΤʣɾˣ
Ҹߡ
ǧףһҲҪΪʦ
Τ˿壬˵ǰûħĥûڷĥҲҸߣҪΪʦ
־ǼᶨһСȴƺࡣ
ԸãҲδ಻㣬ˣɻԸ
Ը⡣
ȰסһСҲȰסԸҪʦ֪ΤʲôҲ²
ǰħץĥδй㾭޷еĿ
֪Լ˭𣬱ʦһͬסѩɽϣһʦʼշĵ׵Ҳʦ
*
ɽ¡
ֹһ·кܿ죬ֻһͣһҹСﻻɾѡ
ϸɾ·ǰС￴Щ
ϴϵۺؿм˰̡
üС˰̾þò
ƺЩ⺢ΪһҪʦΪβˡ
Ϊˣѡһһ·
ʣСʦãпе
ɽѵǣʦףмصĵȴҲǲʵǡ
ΪΤסͣҪʯ׵Ĳӣ룬ͻȻЦ˵ʦ㣬ҲҪ
ӲʲôǵҲҪ
žĵɽСΣסҲ޷߶Էʲôǵ
ǰС˵Ҫ˵ֺγˣһΪȴԼĵֲʲô
Τ˵ʦ㣬ɽһҪϡ
վһߵĳԸСĻʯס
ҪɽĪͣϡ
Сתԥ̤ʯףڳԸһһʵǡ
˵Ӱǰ𽥱СڻȥԶں档
ǰڳԸӰǧɽڳԸԣҳݡ
·
˿̵ĽΤģ·СʦҲҪˡ
С֪ԸԷǶһϲᶼֵĮ֮¡
СʦֵãǾѣ֮ŮעҪһƽ·
˿ȴ׷ȥҪһʦʳԸ֪֪Լ˿ʲô
ܣֻܲԶں棬ʦӣǸССĹһһǰߡ
˵ֻһΣûǰʵʸ
ǳԸͽܣԽ𳤡
ʦ㣬Թʼɡ
ڵСʦ壬Ӧ˼
˿еӣǳԸͽӦ
ǧѹǧףһһУиٲ
Ըʼûͣ½Ųûлͷһۣǰš
ΤڳԸһԣǿϵѹ
ǧףÿһеüѣҧƴԼѣԭľ룬ڳԸһһʵǡ
ʼոںߣǣѹȫʧ
ǧɽףϵǵ˽Уǰ߳ɽѹ·˲ʵѰʦ߽׽ġ
ˣҪɽѹ಻òʵ
ֻǣǰߵÿһģ
ÿǰһҪĵһԼ֣
ֲֻʦĽ
̫顣


51 
ǰ, ϦѺ̶һվڴ˴ﱧֻèŵɽ, Ŀȴֻ, ̾Ϣ
ͽ, ʱǲƽˡ
ûˣ˵ᣬ˵ԼҲƺ˵ʲôİè
ϦѺûվܾãɽ˺ܿ, ĿǸССĹ, , ǰ·, Ҳ֪μϵɽ
ɽ, ʦǹɽȻ֪еĿ
ûһһʣûǱ˵ѹ, ǧףһ˵δ̫С
ϦѺ̴Ŀת˲ţȴҲСеķ, װûп, ʳԸ˵𣬺ʱаʦ֮񡣡
ΤͷԸ, ͬ仰̧ͷ
º, Űټңѡ
䣬ԸҪµСԷ߬һǣǿŲûιȥ
ֵݸСʧڴ˴
ԭأҲǣҲǡ
Ըȥķ򲢲ѩɽɽҩڵλãҲǣΤ֪ħã˰̣ǿǧɽףܳŵںǲס
ϦѺ̼վŲ֪ʲô»èȩ̀Ƥһۣž˳ȥ
ϦѺЦпŻһסèСѽè̫һצӣҿɲǹġ
˵ţԼ˵ϸ˿ڶԷСָҵһϸС˿ڣϾҪ֡
èϦѺҵΪǲмǴ˿˵Ҫһ໰
èЦ̽㣬۸һЩܺúദ
èŷԣϦѺ̼װè˵úúã֪ˡ
ˣһܿյĴ£ֻСʦܰң
ϦѺ˵úǾԣǵЩ棬ɢЩעϦѺ̼æ˵£غڵδ
ԭЩɵ˵˵ܰæض߾ȫ
ãȻСʦô˵Ҿͷİѩˡ
ĿĴﵽϦѺֱɲӣûзӦ
˵غδĴ£ΪҪѩи̽㣬Ǻ⣿
ϦѺ̾ĳ˵ؾ֮ѩΪΪԼڽ֮У;ʱŻ෱֮£ΪʦЩҲ潲ǡˣֻи㡣
£СhǸʺϣ
ϦѺʺϣЩȥأûȰԼҲȥ²࣡
꣬ϦѺ̾ЩףάԼķȣ֮ξͽˣһףСʦصԶұȥڳͽˡ
ϦѺܵü죬ǰŹս̺õèͱµİèСۣЦЦ
ںɽغܴϦѩڿ֮ϣнŲСʦ壿
İèȻʦСʦģ
ͷһֱԼڴ˵ء
Сʦ壬ҲǽԼڴ˵ֻܿ࣬Ҫ˵ĥΪԣ;ĪҪģҲʦҪΪҵǡ
ڴˣи
ϦѩҡҡͷЦޣΪʦؼ֮ʱ޷ػˣÿÿ𣬱Ѿ
վڶ±ߵŮ˵ӭſо㯡
رͲһĺȥǴʦ㣬ȴһ֮ڡ
ŻλϣСhС׺λʦʦãǺһһӣ縺źһΡ
ߵΪʵȻҪɳȥһ֮⣬ҪҪѧĻࡣ
Ϧѩɷ罫ڰߴҡҡ׹˶ס
ٵСʦ壬˵죬𣿡
ȻվڷеŮӣУ츳ãΪʱҡ˵ԾǱҪʺߣ˼С
Сʦƺʺϴ˵Ϧѩ˵ת˵֪Сʦ˼ѡ˵ĪҪǡ
˿ܿϦhϦѩ˼ϦѩϦhͬһ㣬ҲϣԼ㡣
ã㽫ԼڽأŴСС࣬̽ƺǿգͨˣЩգŻࡣ
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¹úܿ죬Ϧѩȥزú뿪˽أӻ󣬼ÿһ춼˲ѯ֮Ǳ˼ڿΣϦѺ̵ԭǣѾԿɽͽˣЩϹŶŵӸϲζ
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ѩµø磬ͽգѩƮţڵȾһס
Ӧкܶ࣬ŵ룬ҲȻƿҵBۼܣɽܷͷҲС
˶ˣ̸ཻҲ
ڰڣƽЩɽϼһѵóһΣҲһżӡ
˵ԸСͽܸǾѣ˵˼ôˡ
Եͷͬóɫܳ˸䲻ô֪
ڳϺһ䷳ڳеڣ˼ǳһֱǵڡ
ҵҪҿɲбӻ˵ˡ
ˣۼ˭Ҳš
˾ȵǣԸȻҪͽ˵СͽܸǾѣ֮Ů˭˿һۡ
һڴ˺ţӭ෱ЩڵӼæΪʦϦѩæҲˡ
Bԭۼһ飬䵥Цӯӯ˹ȥ
Һ£ʵ۵ʢЦ
Bϸһ˵˹Ȥˣӣǲǵ㻹Ƿһٷҿʺϻ
ԥ˻ᣬڳôˣ̾ҴûգΣ
BȻӦֽۣ·Ϧhק˹ҽСʦԼûʲô¶ҪΪ
ϦhϲBֲĿ·۵ƾʲôҪСʦһȥ
BЦڳŮŮϦhЦû֦չB֣ϦhҶ
ʲôڣܺ㲻ɣ
ϦhԿЩB˵˾仰Ϧhɫֱ䣬һƿBҰСʦǣ
B뿪ϦhСhѸ˵ʲôΪˣ
֪BЩȤζȴӦԼŻϦhˣҲ֪˵ʲô
Ϧhҡҡͷ˵ʲôҪ££Сʦ御ȥҺʹʦأ
˵ţΰʦλ˹֣˰ʦɣٴҳһš
ʱϦ׺ϦѩҲŲ˵λãǶйʦҲųףأȴǰ𺳡
Ϧh̾ǳԸһǵһμİʦ䣬Сʦ壬ʦգҲ㳡𣿡
Цɫһ䣬Ϧѩ˿ֹ
ϦϦh˵㣬ѹ˵죡
Ϧh͵طӦԼ죬Щ֪룬οް㡣
ʦգϦѺʹԸҪҪʦ䣬ѸʿԸصˣҲں㷲ڣһдӼá
գԸǣѩɽСֻ򵥵һʦ


52 ζ
ʵǧ, ˻óˣȤ̫࣬ⶼе㰮ֵ˼, ˴ӳԸǣСͽֿܳʼ, °ɨ˸, Ǿûǰ߱ٻǲ˵˼
˱ڳʵһ˻Сۣ֮վ, ʵ, 춨Ե, С, ѩɽ, Ӻʱ
䣬ԭֵĴ˲䰲˷׷׿ԸվԶͶȥĿ⡣
ԸǣŵΤƽ
˻Ȼ, סӶʣΪΣԶµĹء
ǧ֮ǰ츳ߵʿʦ, Щϲѩɽ, ݵλָߣ޷ֱӸ, ǳԸԶء
ޣҳԸԵҪ󼫸, Ǳչأʱ䳤˰ʦ֮˱Ъ˼
ʺ޴˵߹شġ
ǸģûԥʵأҲʺ
淢ʲô̫ˣBͻȻ˵ʵ̫ƣҪųȥߣֲBBǿͣ׵
ǣ㱻Bקɽɽ³ľ¥˵ҪԷBȴ綨õطǾ¥ż䡣
ձ㿴طˣϧûһЩϼһĺŮʵڲҶԳơBŴЦţȴһ㲻¡
ңٲ˭¶֡˵ţ㿪һ̳ƣߡ
ҡҡͷŶӵľƣ˵ѣ㲻ˣʦͽǺ¡
ֲʲôɵӣܿBǲͽ䣬Ž˴
B̳ƸЦ˭˵ǵ㣬ҲԼȾƣ㲻㣿
ҲƣҲûж롣ĻBϣԷ㻹ûȤҪҺȾƣ
Σ治ʲôһʼ㵣ҲѽܣҲûм͡
B˾ƣŸһЦǻ֦չģҲѹŮ
پƺãBЩŲסϣʣ㲻˵Ϊβ
ЦЦش˲Żѣߣġ
Ц㣬ȤB˵һȤЦЦBľƣĪҪˣˣҿɱ㡣
BûĺƢ˾ƱֵһӲȡ
ƺŹԼһҲҪһҪȥľ£ȻװҪ
ֱͷѰȻB˱ιȥˡ
*
ҹŻصѩɽվãɢȥһ
ֲѩɴķƫ⣬˳Ը
Ҳǲɱģѩɽֻܹסʦͽˣ֡
ԸվУĿ⿴
ͣ½ŲɫԸʦ𡣡
Ը΢΢üʣˣ
ͷʵԼѾãþܾЩơ
Щ΢죬ƽҲBųЩ
Ը΢ҵƿߣƶĪҪˡ
֪аֻ紵Ҷ
ʱ˯֮еΤȴʣ˯ð֮ʱͻȻüͷŴоѡ
Ҳеˡ
ԸƺԴϰΪΤӣԭϵĴȫ򿪣ڽ亦²СƽЩ
ҪǰˣȴΤֹж
ʣʦСʦΪ㣿
ԸСش𣺡֮ǰйأÿҹʣش˯ţʾѺȴºڡ
С･ָƽ⣬ưǰǿųԸһһʦ
Ը̾ƺЩĪҪ£ڡ
СǰŲ˵㣬볤Ըֻ̫סԷһǣСʦ
СʦѹʣСʦúһ˯ҪҪ㣿
Сȴǲ˿ֿԸʦ㣿
ҡҡͷקЩῴԸҪʦҡ
ûʲôĳԸʦ£ʦ𣿡
СֲԼһţʼղ֣һֱҡͷ
ƺ¼ˣų˳Ըκˡ
޷Ըްǡ
ҹķƺҪһЩվԺУ뵽һЩ¡
꣬ѧûƺʹ˳ȥ
׷Ž֣ܳѩɽһƬֵѩѩѰãûѰȴɽǳߵޡ
һͷѩ׵ǣɫƤëɫ۾ڵʱȴȻ
׷ܣ䲢δ˵ȴʵʵŵ
ܻ֮εһ˫ɫ۾ںڰ׷ܣҹҹѡ
ʲôʱˣȻǵãֻʱ䳤ˣҲ˺ҹĿ¡
Цҡҡͷ֪ԼΪλ뵽£ˡ
ԺվһҹЯźķ紵ɢǵ⡣
Ը߳ӣ˯ѵΤҲ
𺰵ʦ磡
ЦЦҲСʦ硣
Сƺȫҹ֮£ʦ㾹磬ΪҪվڴ˴ڵҺʦ𣿡
Ȼ˵һҹվش𣺡һ֮ڳҲˣһղи
СɷµͷĻ˽ȥѹִҶ˵ʦʦ㣬ҳ극ͬһ𣿡
ȻԣҪȥǡҲҪȥҴȥ
л﷿δֲԱٹȵĵӱܲԷ⣬ȥֻϦhΣ˵ǲ̫óԡ
òϲҲЩ򵥵ĲˡСһĻʦҲշͬʦѧ𣿡
»סЩûŪСʦû˼
Сﻹ˵ţʦɺóˣˣл﷿ΪʲôûУ
ʦ𣿡ЩάֲסϵЦһֱŸСʦ˵ûʦʱ뿪ˡ
ʦ㣬ʦȥշˣСקק䣬ָŲԶ
ѩɽһ̣ȾЩ֮С
ûʧ̬ҲʱѹҲġ
Сﲻ֪һСƿٵǰ˵ǰЩʦҲԱٹȵħޱܱҳɬѳԣʦζһЩҵ治ԡ
ָЩӹСݵǰĵҩƿЦٹȵȷóԣϲĻԺ㲻Ҫˡ
СЦŵͷҪҪһԷܾأѱٹȡ
ĶӣһҪһСǰʧ̬
ѩɽķѩϲڴ˿̾ġ
óǸװٹȵСƿ򿪡
ϤĵҩζڱǼ䣬һģŵߣ̽С
𣬺ԹЩһģһζɲ֪ΪΣޱϤζȴЩʳ֮ζ
Щɬ


53 
ٴѩɽ, ΪˣǰŹأȻԿɽͽ, δҪӹѩɽ, ͽҲҪӳ顣
ͬʦɽͷӹްЩ, ֲһް곤֪꣬ɽķʦֵܣԭѩɽ
ϦѺ̽Щ֣ÿԶԶƼһģ, ƺ, ˰ڿνεݡ
Ҳİ, һ, ڸǻ, ٲȻҪЩҵĳȥ
ҲЩŰЩȤζĳϣⳤúÿֺ, ʲôⶼĻش𣬴ӲҷƢ벻ܻӭѡ
ÿֻҪڿΣӱȺӳ, δϯ
æһοɽյ, 徲صѩɽ
һȥ, ɲ䣬˴ûļ仯, ѩˡ
Ҫ˵ͬɽ϶һС
ΤдɣÿһƺŽ磬΢졣
ԶվãЩΤнһתַɳϮ
񽣴Ľ֮ƣһϸ񣬵ס񽣣һתϸת˸ͬٶȷΤ
Τ㣬ȴ۾һ׷ССĹ֧ۼ񽣾Ҫ̵ǰȴͻȻͣ
ʦ㣡СؿڣЦſ
񽣻Τ޵Сʦһ곤Ķࡣ
СﱧŽЦ˵һǿƲʦ㣬ͬ˵͵ʱ򣬽Ȼˡ
ǰЩٵСοѧһ꣬͵ʱѾѧ꽣ȻҪһЩ
ʦ㣬ʦûսܲܡѧ
Τƺ˼ڣʵЩС
ȻԣҪɽħһɺã
Сͷ˵ãʦǵÿЩ
á
ӦСͻȻ뵽ʲôܻԺӣ󱦱ƵĴóһǺ«ݵǰ˵ʦ㿴ȥʱһҵģܺóԣ
ʦ㣬Ҫ𣿡
ǰűǺ«ЦСҡҡͷΣΪСʦûһЩҲǿ̿棬ĳЩȴСӡ
ҲЩ
Сһ£ҧһǺ«˵ģ
ΤǺ«Ŀ⴩ĳԸСܹȥʦ𣡡
Ըͷʣ£
ΤǺ«ٵԸǰʦԣ
Ըҡͷ
ΤֽǺ«ǰЩʦ𣡡
Ը̾ҧһɽ髡
СͷųԸΣǲǺ𣡡
𡣡
Ըõ𰸵˶ǿģת˵Ҿ˵ʦ˵ϲ
ԸԿɫʢЦӶӡ
ջĿ⣬ڳԱǺ«Сϣսѧˣ
ΤҧǺ«ʦѧˣʦҪ𣿡
Ըͷţȥֵң
ΤǺ«ԶԺֻʣ³Ըˡ
ʦҡ
С
סû뵽ʦͻȻһ䡣
ʦ֪Ҳ˵ѾĲЩ£㵱⣬ҲΪһСĻ⡣
һ࣬Ըվһʱ٣Ըȴ仯ģ
ǹųԸСʦãǵλҲΪ˸ʦѳϰߣ뿪ǰ߳Ըһֱˡ
ʦ𣬽ħҴɽʱұ㲻ˡ
šԸͷһŵķ״ķֽ
Σձȼ䡣
ʦΪֲΣա
Ըס㲻Ҫ
ӹԸķֽ֮ĿڵλãҪġ
ԸպãͻȻ˵ЩҪչһʱ䣬пգѩɽɡ
Ӧβ뿪ܾãʦûգȥ쳤ϽһֻɺףСʦȥѧʶֺͼ򵥵ɺã
Ըͷ˵á
ĽҲѧһʱ䣬һȥҼǵʱѧãܰһЩ
ͳԸʱΤǴǺ«һһȻģ
˵һʱԶãСʦڽһ츳дƣò˼꣬ܽɡ
ԸˡԸˣ΢΢ü̾һ
֪Ըһ̾ΪΣ˵ʦ𲻱صģСʦԼᶨʱնɾ͡
䣬ΤǱȴ˲ӡ
ԭǰȥһ֪Ϊγƫ轣˲ӣԭסսɣΤȴǿпŽڿתһȦ䵽ϺһˤȥֶڹתһȦȻָΤԼ
Ҫ㿪ʧصĽȴΪµƲסˤڵأ񽣻ա
һĻü죬ͳԸϵ֮ʱΤѾڵϣ񽣲ղڵϡ
ԸȸΤӵϷСʦãа
Τҡͷ˿ðѪЩŵû¡
ڵϵʣΪηŲʱս㼰ʱս˲ǡ
ΤЩ飬С˵û뵽Ʋסһˤˡ
ΣСʦһ˵ӦòԶãСʦһ̳һʮΣδα׼Žƣƫƫһγ˲ͺǰʲôһ㡣
㷽һ谭ţҲɻ˳
Τ֧֧ᣬûûУҾǲСĴ̵ƫЩ
ƫЩʵ벻ΪλὫһƫѧʱÿһѧϰλȻ
˵СʦãѧļǲԣҪʱսһС
֪ˣʦ㡣
ˣ
ѣС͵طӦϻˣȥָѪۿ
û£ȹȥȥЩҩ̵ġ
ΪΤ˲ҲҪȥʱΤȴͻȻ˵߲·̫żһŤ˽Ѿ
⳶ųԸ½ǣԸν˱´μǵСЩ
ΤͷС˵֪ˣʦ𡣡
ԸûлΤЩ˵ʦǲǺܱѧãҲûʲôɫ
Ը̾˵ĪҪԷƱѧãǡ
պãƽΤĵطŻδ뿪ˣ˵ʦȥɽСʦҩ
š
ΤڳԸУСʦ㣬鷳ˡ
뿪ɽҩòԶɽ򲢲ɽϣ˸ղҩİ£⣬ȥԼƽʱҩӣΤҪҩ򵥣Ϊ˵ҩ
ҩصѩɽʱɫΤѾǰԷϵ˿ҲֹѪ
ҩԸҴҵ뿪


54 
Ķ, һȥ
һһȺĴշתϦhϦҲó֮࣬, ҲܳĴħն
صʱһеĶ, ѩš
ѩɽ, ѩɽȻһ죬ɢ
ǴңѰ˹ȥ
ѩɽĵطЩޣΪȴ, ⲻⷢ
¼ûз, ǰҲЩ, һ겻Сˤѩ, Ȼʧȥʶ
, ںһ±Ǵ˻ԵСʦȥɽҩ壬С˻ԵԵ̿һЦ
ǰ˿˿ʾûʲô, ǿ͸֧ˤúܲ˹ȥ
¿ֹС˵Сʦ壬ССʦǲ˲, ղҩ, ջִ
ڴϻԲѵˣεұ˵Ȼ, һʱ̫ȼЩ
Τҩסһ, ڶתѣİ»һ˲з꣬ȥѧʶЩͬ˽з
ƺȺ֮УЩͬԷĹϵҲǲԶ
˯ۺ󣬱صʱ
¼ֲԷеĲûп˵ˤԣǡñСʦײڿкЩ
ʦ㣿
Τʵͷ
ʦˣ
Сʦʦһ飬Ҫ
õΤĴ𰸣±ȥˣǲó˽ΤƺЩ֪ΪΣССʦĸо֡
ͺ񣬲ǱϿ򵥡
Τѩɽһʱ䣬˱ȫʼҪѧ
ʦ㣬ѧøѧò̵ЩҲ
Τϰҵѧһ꣬Լ˵ֻѧʶֺһЩЩһϲͨ
ǳԸĵӣ̫ߣЩϰ罫һĲֵ
Τ˵ΪСʦùǫ飬ϾСʦ츳ãӹɵģɵȻˣŷеѡ
СʦУ֪Ϊֻܾһƺ򲻵Ϊ飬ÿתһҪ
һ£ΤΪҲû
ΪգʣСʦãɻǵõһĸо
Τ룬ҡͷһʦһ𡣡
̾ԭҪСʦûһµʱĸоɴ˸ҵ֮Щ鷳
Ҳûа취üͷΪΪѡ
Τ״ʦ㣬ûа취𣿡
ˣһ취
Σ
ʦǰһ飬ֻҪҲųҵȻ޷ɹ
Τ룬˵ʦ㣡
ͣΤθѰת㽫ԼԷ˳žߡ
ֵǣСʦõľ޶֮תֻЩ
һСתһ룬׼ʶԷоʱСʦԭ˳ʼ޷뿪
Τüɫʹࡣ
ҪԷƽ쳣ߵȴ޷뽫Լг޷˳Τ״̬ԽԽɫ԰ס
Сʦã
ȴûа취ֵǣԭǹڶԷзתȻ쳣ֱײ
ѹסԼȴһδαƣܵԷĵﴦһźɫԿ֮ơ
Τ۵üҪȥǹںֱײţȫҪĿơ
ʱԭڱչصĳԸͻȻ֣ʧصͣΤ꣬ƽ񿪡
ʧصʧȥ֧ŻصڣɢڿУԸסΤƵĵȥ췣
˳ԸһƣֱʧصɣǹѪʦСʦΣ
Ҫ͵Ļû˵ڣԸѴһλԵΤ뿪
һ˼⣬ΪλʧأΪλմħ
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֮ϣڳϽѵ롣
ڷһ׮£˶ǰȥ췣ñչصĳԸֻʣһСͽȥɽ
ƽõĻò⣬Ϊǣ˳Ըλӣų־һ
֮ϣϦѺ̾˵˵˺£
ϦѺƺΪڵϣվվ
˵Եɣһ½СʦȴûгЧû뵽ҵں󣬾ͻȻܿתħ
˳ĬϦѺ̸ɫѿһ仰˵
Ϊλħʡ
ҡͷ಻֪
᲻ǿˣħͿ񱩵ɲһ˵ްſȣд֣ԡ
ħ
Ըʦͽ٣۹ڵϵ˵иܵħ֣Խ΢
ΪлմħǹΪ֮
ϦѺɫѿЩƵߣСʣ棿
ɫ࣬𣬾ħʴЩɥ
ϦѺ̴ǲǵйأ
Уڵϣ򱻳Ըһأɫ԰ףֱֱųԸв
ӣصԸ˵ҡΤڿȷͬԴ
ˣħأ
ħѲ
ԸֱƺҪһЩҪ⣿
⣿ҡҡͷһ󣬵޷֤δħᣬδҪСʦãСʦûԲѣȷ֮Ը췣
ԸͷǱΪױʮޣڽꡣ
𲻿ɣ
˼æ˭ܷܿأױ֮طΪʮޣҲҪƤοûջ谵޹⣬ˣ㲻κξҪʹ޷
ԸһһȦΪβɣλаħкͬţӦη
ųԸ񣬵ŵױ֮ޣʴǶϵΪ׹ȷ
һɹɶŵʴǶ˿ط
㡣ش
𣬴ʱδҪ𣿡ϦѺʣΪһ֮ȻԸߣȴҲвȨ
λϣԸ췣
ԸһȦʣױ֮ޣ˭̣
λһĬͨӣнִ̣ݲһ㣬ֻɳ϶֣һ½Ŀϡ
ϦѺԸȴʱ˵λʱ˼ҵӲҶ֣˱ɡ
ԸߵǰĲʣ
Ӳ
ԸַȥΪӹױ֮ޡ
ӱһ㣬׵̹ǵĺ⣬⡣
񱻷ȥһΪֻЩ֮ܵͳǵı
֮֮ԱΪص̷ԭڴˣӴɵ˺۲׻ָҴ׵뺮̹֮ǣ׵Ϊ˿Ҳϡ
ǷȥΪʹҪĥ
Ըվǰӱ޶¡


55 ޹
ױ޴̹, û壬׵֮Ƥ֮˰̣䶳˲ͣ, ҧŴ, ϵˡ
Ըδʹʮɹ, ȴҲ˿û飬µÿһӶǡڳʱ̶ܳܵ߳ȣڻԹȥ
ڳλϲٿϦѺ̸Ǳۣûҧסƺʱת
ڳСһλǸʦһͬǰİ, ۿ, ס, Ҫȥ
ʮ, Ըúܿ, ȴޱȼ尾
ʼձѣϵĽҲаħ಻кͬ, ܷҲķ
ֻǣĴĲܻԵ޹ʹ
ʮ, üһϡı˪, ɫףԭɾȾһһ, Ѫⱻ׵÷ڣֱס
, ȥɽ˼ɡ
һգԸΪʮޣ䷣ȥغʯߣκ˿
ڽغܴʯֻССһ֣˵ʯߣʵĵطһʯ޹⣬ڰһƬ
ڽ˴֮ǰдԱգıһֱϵСҲԸߡ
Ϊ˼ˡ
û壬ױƤϵ˺޷ûûеҩ˿ÿҪ֮ʱֻᱻ׵ѿбסҪѪҹҹˡ
ûаҹֲֵָ֣֮İȴÿһʱ䣬һèУֻèܻ
˵಻ΣѰҲǿ˯˯뿪
ںڰдþˣ˱׶룬˼żصҹ侪ѵʱ룬ȴ־òˣǺڰ׷۾ûйӱƺࡣ
֪˶ãһյ⡣
Ǻ΢⣬ϸСޱȣһСܴ
Ź뿴ˣ˿״̬ʵڲãڵĺ׵ֿ֮ʼң۵Щģ
ʵҲȫȻˣֻ̫ûˣ̫ϰ߶ѡ
½Ź⿴ɫ԰׿ʯڴͣסŲǵ붴֮ǰСʦ廻ɾȴȾѪۡ
ƺ࣬ϴϺѪɫ֮ˣصҲɱǿзסΪܵĥһ㡣
Ȱ߽ڿˣЦЦʣС£Ϊˣ
Щƣ̫û˵ԭ򣬰˺ۿСʦ壬ĪҪ˵ˡ
֪Լʱ״̬ãҲ֪ǰСڴ֮ϣŵˡ
½΢Ĺڵϣ鿴ϵ˿ڣýˣܿ۽ǵĺЩ֣ο˵û£СĪҪˡ
ҪסϵˣȴסСʦ壬ôû£ˡ
ްۣЩʱˡ
ҡͷ˵ЩʱǶðСʦ壬㲻һֱˣµ꣬ÿһ춼Ǽ尾
ȴûǰĻ˵ԭѾȥһˡ
½ǵ˿ϣԭ׵֮ѹЩֹС£ĪҪˣ
Сʦ壬˴ȻҪ顣
ûĴſѹһ׵磬Сʦ壬
ƺ˵ЩʲôȴЦȰĪҪ˺ͣҪ˵ĻǽҪȼĹ⡣
µڶյһ֧΢һ֧Խɫȫ
֪Ҫ￴ԼǰףȰ£ôʣ˶˵
Ե飬ܻشһϦhϦһֱնħ𣬻ҼЩ˴ŵСìܡ
ϦѩΪѸ٣ɽʦ껭ɽסã˵Щ
ƺرѩɽ飬ҲûСʦõĻˣش˵ССʦֻɽס±ˣ֮⣬Ҳû˵ˡ
˵Լ뿪ɽҲ̫óͬŽ֪òǺܶࡣ
£ղ䣬ÿֻһߵʱȴⲻδȼߡ
һգʩ󣬾ȥסˣôʣ˵û£ʵڲû£΢ҲܽŹ⿴԰׵ɫ
ƺԼ˱ΪҽεҽʦøЩ
㲻Ը˵ұ㲻ʣ岻ʣĲնѾ࣬ҽʦ⻹𣿡˷ã̾
ǰΪӼãûʲôƢʱ䣬ְµִţҲȰ
֪Сʦ塣µͷ洽ȴͻȻץס
ǣ
һţҪջ֣ȴס
ֱ۵ȥԼȴ޺ۣ
ˣ
¶㿪ѯʵ񣬲ش
ȴ뵽ԵɣЩӣնΪϵˣȴûùҩÿҲֻһ򣬶ͬǽ˵
ۿЩʣܷѹվĥԹޣɰµˣ̺ۡ
ûɿ֣ץ˰£ֻţС£ϣҡ
¼˻񣬽͵ްСʦ壬û¡
ɰ¶ȥС˵̽Сʦ壬ҪˣЯҩҪ
֮أ
ƿۣҪҪһޡ
һ㶣ǰεĹһμСʱ˺дŻңʦ㣬ȴܵС޶᲻ö˺
úŷζЩŲ
£ʮաʣ뵽ʦ𲻻ȴû뵽Ҫ֮ء
Ϊʦˣˣס
ԣ֪ʦǻᷣ˵ģ˸ˡ
ЩְµĲԾЩֵĻҲˡ
¿𣬲̵Сʦ壬ްģؽصʦʦֺᣬÿջɽҩԡ˲ء
Űֱһ˿ڣ֮ȼƤ⣬ôܲء
ǽķֶΣǵһڣķֶҲŴ࣬Ѱӷ޳޴ȥҲͣһ󣬿ɰȴ˽ٱޡ
Сʦ壬Сhͱʦշ˲ٱ޷ǴһճޣҲҪġ
ҡͷ㲻޷
˵꣬Լͣ˻ܷ֮ˣҪΪԼܷ֮ҽΣβ㷸Ǵ
Ѿ࣬С£ĪҪˡ
²˵֪ûȥ̾ƫҪȲ˿ɺã
´뿪أ˲֪ʱſڵϦѺ̡
С£Ҿ˵㲻С壬ȥʦ𶼾Ȳ
µͷЩС˵СʦأҽģҲܲȥ
ҽġϦѺ̿ŰЦпһҽģڱ˷ˣǹԹһ˱ȽϺá
µͷʱͻȻʣأΪҹҹֻèȥСʦ壿
ϦѺ̯֣εСһﲻҹҹܸûӰô֪ȥ


56 ʢ
֮, ±ԭһһһһ˼꣬˼ȫ
, ʩ귨, ϲ׵֮ȫȥ, ԭ޷Ȭ˿Ҳѻָܴ̹࣬ǵĥ
ȬԸһµȴ޷׺ȫЩºķҲֻܻһϵʹࡣ
ΪԼɫ԰׵Ĺ, һȰҵ˺ȫ, С, 㲻ˡ
ҡҡͷ, ˵ÿմɽҲҩ, żһСʦ壬µġ
ңСhС׻ˣ뿪, գǰҵġ
̾Ҳκ̡
ЦЦ˵һ, Сʦ, ǰЩ·ţһ
, ºˣ, ﶨй֮Цʣ
µͷȥŴЩ£ʱһסңҪҸȡµա
סȻû뵽£ǰ˵Сİ£ƺ뵽˵ʱã⡣
ΪҪȡµգ
˵ϲڵգʵҪȡµģһдͷʼ
ΪҪȡ˵һС䣬ԭΪУ˽ζ
ζ룬ǰһ£ʱȥѰִûҵЩ£峤ǸߵС
µͷ˵ţû뵽Ѱڣţڱ仯ܴ󡣡
ǲ̫ǻܣ֡ء
뵽俴ĳŵӷκһЩ֮࣬ϴźڱߣǹĸʺ·ΧסҲ£ЩŵĵӺݺһ١
ЦЦ˵Ҳãǻģ㲻ᱻ۸
ţҸҪͷʼҪΪԼҲҪԼȡźá
û˭Ϊ˭ģҪ¿ʼҪԼһԼѡźá
£ÿ¶һΣΪˣֻ˵˵
£ûһμȥˣǵɽĴʦ껭
ҽһ飬֪ǰЩӰҩˣҪչأ޷⣬껭Ϊһƿҩ֮뿪ˡ
һƿ˵ĵҩ޷ȫˣȴмİ
꣬ת˲š
߳죬ڽڿһŮԷЦ
ܺöʦ㣡
ͣ½ŲǰһЩ̫ʵı仯̫ˣ㹻һСŮһŮ
뿪غῴˣİ£ǡùСhСףҲп͵͵èϦѺ̣ǡʦȴδȻСʦá
СʦáЦЦסЩǰĹ⣬ںڰþˣһʱЩӦ
Τܵߣס䣬ʦգЩ꣬иʦ˵ִʦ㣬ǲ
ɫܰףû⣬İԵЩ̬Τ´һ飬ʦ㣬ЩԲ𣬶ҵĴ
˵ԾС
ˣްⲻ㡣
𣿡Τ̧ͷ۾ͷЦᣬģóȻЩ㣬ӦҪǸŶԡ
ΤæҡͷϿ˵֪ʦ㣬ŴҲʦ㣬Щ˵ʦǼõģȻẦˡ
ҡҡͷĵĪһɬʦòұá
Τãʦ㣬ȥɺãΪЩ϶ϴһ׹ѩػԡ
ʦǰȥɽˣ֪ʦûΪȥ
ˣҸʦѧշȻȥշʦԿɺãղǺܺãϣʦ㲻Ҫ
ΤǸ˵ģӼʼһûͣƢãЦЩ귢Ȥ¡
Τȥһ붼ԸռݣʦõĿУһЩһʦʦûм
ߵɽǿڻ˺İèè˹
ȥ갵յӣֻ˵èȹģèкøУΤҲҪȴܱСèɶ㿪
ԹèƢܲʦ㣬ѱģ
Լİè˳ë˵ʦãûѱ˺޷ޣҲԼñκѱ
Τ룬ɻ󣺡ѱ𣿿ѱܰģܵõأ
õһֻѱһֶΣСʦã·кܳЦЦèڵϣԭİè˳ȥڻ׷
ʦ˵¡ΤԹһ䣬ܿȻʵ֪ˣЩԼģԲѱҲܵõ˶𣿡
ҡͷûʲôԼģʦãĪҪˡ
Τû⣬һֱӽߵɽϦѺסԺӣûҡɹ̫
ע⵽ˣϦѺûһΤֱۣ֪ʣССʦСʦȥ𣿡
㣬ÿκССʦ嶼ֵֹģ־ͺˣ
ϦѺҡҡͷЦֿɲˡ
ΤĻϦѺһЦСʦЩࡣ
Ϸ˷ҳһŻĽңǵСʦĴ䣬棬СʦҪպˡ
ӹңϦѺָ˺䣬ԼɽʢĻڿվڻеˣһһģֶһ仰˼С
ЦŴӦûлָΪֻΤȥ뿪ǰΤ֪ͻȻʲô˵ʦ㣬ѩɽ϶һ
ΪΣ
Τأʦȥ֪ˡ
ȣûСʱԼˤѩεȥҪˤȥε˻Ҫһ
ûΪˤһҪϼ¡
ѩɽѩɽѩ䲻ֳͣࡣ
ֻǶ˵ȴЩİˣȥʱ
ʲôûб仯ȴֺʲôˡ
Τ˷ܣ첽ǰߣЦʦ㣬߿Щ
ǰһЩΤͻȻס۾ʦ㣬˵Ķǰ棬ȱ۾ܿˣ
̫ϰ߱ס۾ȴҲƢûʦõ֣Ӧá
ȷ͵͵ۣΤǰһΣͻȻɿǰܣʦ㣬ۣ
ԭأŮЦҫֱۣ紵һһְӣǰһƬʢõĻ
ԽǺÿ޵ĻԽǽѩɽӲʺϽĻĵط
ΤЦӯӯ˵ʱʦֵģôʦúòÿ
ܺÿ
۵ʢЦĵ׷ĿɬȴҲѹȥ
£ǲ


57 
Τժ˶ʢõĻ, ݵǰʦ㣬㣡
ŮժµĻ, Цҡͷ, ϧ, СʦԼűá
ʦ㣬ЩҪģΡժµĻڱǼ£Ц٣Ǻÿġ
ʦ, ĪҪüͷˡΤֽǰ˵, Ц˵ʦÿ, üͷĻ, ʦ𿴵Ҳᵣİɣ
ӹ, ȴ֪ԼʱüͷʶΪԼҲûע⵽
صѩɽӺѰ, СڰϣЩҳӦϢ, ˦Լ˯ߡ
סĽ, ѽϴɾ˦ڵصСҲ˹, ҪɾϵĻҡ
ΤȻΪһˣǷʢ, Ҫ࣬Щǫˣ˵Լѧòá
ԸѩɽصֺΪ⿪Ϊӡ޻ʱ䣬ƺͳԸࡣ
֮󣬳Ը㳣ԺУΤż˵ȴѩɽֽ˽ϰڿݲ¡
գÿȥɽ֪±չأЩЩˣȴ֪״ΣƺԼ˵һ㣬ϲţƽʶ˼١
ɽڶȽ⣬ŴƬƬҩҩҩͯܶ࣬סķҲѩɽԺϦѺ̵СԺӺõöࡣ
տסԺӣշһѷɫһԺУ⽣ǰشת
ͣ£·ǰһ󷨷ӡס˽ȥ·ѽҲʶ彣
СôпһŮӲɣЦ
ϡ
´ָòЩˣȥҵҩסϰ£֤κá
֯ڰ֣Ҫҳ϶ӵĽ˵⽣ɾÿնҪСͽܲӣСͽܱչأʱʱһơ
Сδ𣿡ԭ˵˲ҪĻ˵Ҫ£ԭҰµģ껭˵ĻʼղΪܴҩΪλΪҩˡ
˵òᣬȻûǰ׺ȫ
Ϊҩˣ
ĻĬһ˲ֹ̾Ϊҩ
пһ£ƺԤϵʲôЩһֱòûܵһʱҰ£ЩԵĵӣҪõЩ²Ĵ𰸡
Сʦ壬֪ұϾʦ㵱ҪŪȥһʦ𡣡
ѩɽԸԺбĿ򣬺ȻϢһǣƺúܼûܿƺ
ۣѾߵߵʣ£
ͣڳԸǰӳʦݣȴǵľԽԽԶʣʦ𣬰
ʦ𣡡ΤԶĻ
ƺûп˼ŵգЩһ˵СʦãЩҪʦ˵ܷԵһ
Τԣɻ˵Ŷʦʲô£Ҳ𣿡
ɫЩףΪѵǺҪ¡
ԸƳΤһۣ¡
ŶΤЩ䣬˳ԸĻ뿪
Τ뿪΢˿˷żЩҲʶҪΤԼ⸱ʧ̬ģ
˵ʲôԸСͽԶˣ
ƽһ㣬ǰһҪйص£ɫҲ˿ûκα仯
ƽʦĵĪʧЩʦ𣬰˺صˣйأ
ûлرܳԸߣԸֱֱĿ⣬ĬãƽЩ⣬Ϊйء
Ըõǳ䣬ɫְЩȷ룬ֻû뵽ԸֱӵǻܣûлرܣͬԸ˽һԳԸҲ˽⣬ûֱӷϣǱȻйˡ
֪ˡ
ЩʧһζԳԸеʧһָоɬѿ޷
Ը˴ߣ˵Ҳ𣿡
˵ܷڼκ˲ȥ㣬ִҪȥסҲˡ
ЩƲסԼʣʦʲô
Ըһ˵ܷƫҪҩȥھ֮ˣһƣԴ˵ֹ
ʦ㵱ǵȲкͬŹаħʲ֮𣡡һһûд󳳴֣ȴһһ䶼ܿģ
ѹȥˡ
ԸԸϸǰһʲôѾȥˣףǰ˵ʲô
Ҵûв㣬ƣֻԸЩһ뿪ıӰ
ûǰ׷ԸʵѾ˸ʦ
̸ɢ뿪ѩɽʱһΤԷסֹ˵ʦ㣬ǲΪ½ʦ𳳼ˣ
ˣ
Τæҡͷ˵˵ʦȥɽҰ½㣬ǰʦ˰½һƣҲµġ
Τǰѹʦãɷϸ˵˵
Τ˿ɫ̫õֳǱƣ˵ʦ㣬Ҹˣ㲻ҪԹʦ𡣡
ͷЦЩƣ˵
ΤĽУŪ׵顣
ǰͻȻѩɽԸ⣬ɳԸͬҪҩΪ±һѩɽʮ죬ΤҲȥͰһԸԸ˿ڣҪһƣ´Ӧˡ
ԸΪȴֻԪӤΪϵֱûкȫԸһˣɰ»ǳŲס˹ȥ
û취ҩ֪Լ˵ԭ˵ϼ仰껭͸
ҩǰ¸һһθ䷽Ƶġ
ѩɽһѩܴҪɽһû뿪ѩɽҲûлص֣վڰããѩϣվһҹ
ⳡѩȾ˰ɫǰһȴڰ
֮ͳԸ֮ƺ˸ңԸԺУٴֻǾ֪ڿЩʲô
ǿڻرܳԸҪѩɽú뿪ʱҲܸɫżԺˣֻͷҲࡣ
ʱ䣬ȥɽһɰʼڱչأһˣڵ֪ΪԼôʱǻֵ̿ģԼ顣
һգϰҵΤ
ȻڿųԸȴûжΤϲ˵Ҳˡ
ΤҲͳԸìܣ취ȰȴûгЧ
Сʦãк£̾һֱĹеΡ
ߣֲ̫ãҲʵСʦȰʦĻ̫ˣЩȤ
ʦ㣬Ҫ˵ʦ˵ЩҪɽħ˻ûȫҸʦ㣬ΣˣһҪȼǸ䡣
û뵽СʦõϢͨҲû뵽ʦȻ֪ҪɽϢЩոôˣµʡࡣ
ްʦҪģʦ𲻱鷳
鷳ģδɽʦ˵ҪһǿýһЩ


58 
ЩħΪ, ħնĵΪַħ
ΪŽϵĵӲնħնħ·, ȻҲеӶǲȥ, Űȫ, ܻһפš
µıǸϦѩ껭Ϊ״һǰǧһħ
طڣԭĳϽķΧǰħսǧΪսƻ, ħŰ, פش˵صļ弸, һĵط
, ط, ½ʵΪ𣬺ǻҡ
Ϣǧᰴ˵سִħټʿطʧ, ŶԴ˼ΪӣȻҲյϢ˴˱
ڵװ˳ǣһ, ȴĿꡣ
طлҪ, ЩɢԼŪò˲±¶, ȻҲдֳģǸνȹ, ޲ýȥȫ˶֪š
ҲЩҪȡرֲ뱩¶ʵݵʿװŪÿһ˶Ǵͨѹ֮ǰЩûҵһ˿һټ
ߵĸˣһ䲻ϱҪ֡
һ˺ܵ͵ȴ˼Ҳģڶ˹ȥ
ֹ˰£ڷħ޵ټ
գڲݶ¥裬ʵڰй۲ϵˣͬһͬװѰ֮ڽй䡣
¥һ̯ԳĺˣԼʵνıְ̯ϣ۲죬˰̯ȴһ
Ҳ֣ϾЩͭɵӲŻƭ
ȴЩһһСͯͣ˵λϣҪһѶϽû뵽ϰۣȻӲһ۸̧СͯȻҲСͯ˳һԲϾҪ֡
ţײ·һŮޣŮҲǸƢģ˻սһȻҲע
ʵǣŮעڴܣȴûĸԷˣƾУʵŮΪԵһԼԼ˵ʲô
˺ܿ㲻ܵˣöˣ˼
ΪŮ޲̫һ࿴ۣû뵽Ƕ࿴۷˶ߣȻʵΪõʵЩ֣ЩеĿ񱩡
αװħ
ͬţ׷˳ȥһˣΪڻڣԭһŮͻȻ뿪ȥ׷ǸŮޣ¼۲ħ޵
Ů쳣죬ƺ֪Ȼ֮ʧ
ǧᰵθӣǶﲻϤʧɽ֮УŸ߿ɢŲ㶾
صУΧOO@@
ӣּء
һŮ˵𣬺ԶЦӯӯ
ȴϵ˭кĿģ
ȷڽϴܵħޣܴһԭϳŮǻ
ܶأڸԼʵòҲûдߣȴ䷢ǰòϰߵĽؾʱõıӣӱ޵ַܶأýҲԼһСϰߡ
ݱƣ˳һֵģһȺˣ֪𣿽Ȼ̸Щ顣
Ӧûʲô̸ġǰֹﶯ֡
ȴ̬ȣҪΧץҲûó
ѽ˵ӼãᣬôҪ̸Ҫܾң
üħбȻҲΪħֻͬĵͬǰΧǣˡ
˵ֻЩȴҲ˿Щ޴ˡ
ɾЦҡҡͷóϵĳޣΪɴ򲻹ӣ˵˭˲֪Ըж໤̣ҿɲ뱻׷ɱ
üΪȷߣؾΪѹΪټɻǻ۷塣
߸ŵİȴûô򵥣ˣе鷳֮УҪֱϼѡ
׷֮ˣûж֣ѵİ취
еԶ˿ˣ仹ûʲôħޣѱΣղڰ
ȻΪߵģһȺ˵еͷߣܿסҲʧΪһð취
ΪԸ״ӣڵСʦ壬ϵıֶȻ٣ЩһԼͬһ롣
Ͱתתãڵ״ҲԻץסҲû취˰ֶ̫һʱ޷˵ȴһĥ
ʱܿ쵽ҹеЩƣûкȫ˸ĿڵλʹƵʱͣ¡
һ˲֮䣬ıһ㳯ϮۿҪϣὣס˳Ʋϡ
Сס
һֱûжĺɫСӦ˳ȥŴʱûзı˷ɹȥ޴ѪɫصҹЩɲɫͫŻ￴ųѪڴ󿪵֪ʲôҲûɿűӵ֡
ھ뻨Ͻڰ˸˹סϮѪɫ
ô˻սﱻųķ˹ȥһ̵ֻ˳Ϯȥ
Ҳķλ׷׳Ϯ
Сһֹ࣬Ҳ˽ĻᣬסĶ̵ڰϵıӱ˳ƽ⿪
˲һͬʱҪֳԸϮİˡ
ƺԼĶ֣ϣڶ㿪ĹҲԽԽƫԶ뱻СסĴʿ
򶷹УΪľ޴󽥽ɫʼЩסʱʱ͵ϮİˣʱԭɵĻ¶û׷ȥץסԷ
ߣͣ
һ㶣ԭץסŮקһѣ˵ӽǿһƴ˻ϣڹǰ͵ࡣ
ΪһקԭϮ˵Ĺ˿ա
ץסĻһ˿⣬ץסʱ˴ǻȴʲô˼
ֱһѶϮˣ׻Щʲô塣
ҡһδ
һ飬˿ƾдѷ֣ʵȴԱ˴֡
ԽߣԽŨһ֮޷ۿ壬лƮŶأþñþв˲ɱ˹
Է˿ŵҩڼûи̳Ļᡣ
ɫЦԭ˵ʲôͻȻɫһ䣬˦ϣУǰȥ
ǿŵҩסڵûѹƣԭûȫָʹʧ⧲˦
ҲʶΣգȴû뵽ͻȻ˦Լ
峯ԭĵطȥеĶд͵ϮߵؿڣԷࡣ
ûеĲ첻⣬ɿɶԷǰתЦӯӯ


59 
ӾһΣʵõġ
ؿǰͻȻֵŮ, Ǹʬ嵹ڵϵİˣһʱûŪڵ
ｫԼһ³滹ŵ˴ŵѪ, պ, ȴûȡϵЦ, һߵߡ
ڻûж֣ɱԼͬΪûжʵЩҲѣΪʱ˷ס, ǰϵ⡣
ͣǰ, ĿȷҵؿڵĻ, ˲һʱ, ע⵽Ĳһ㡣
ץס, Ҫ
Ѿס˷䣬ȴû֣Ц˵ҶˣȻҪ㡣
˵Ļס, ûȡ߷ֽǰоãһѻȼȥ
ۿųԸķ䱻˵ȼ, ɫӡ
ǳԸĻ, ʦϰߣ䱻ȼ˵˴ΣյѶϢ
㡭ֹ
Ϊֹ͸¶Źĸо, Ҫץߣȴƫƫܵ, ɱ׼Լֵͬ飬ʵ޷²Ķ
ʲô¿ҪлңǳԸİɣΪȻڰ㡣
˵Ȼƺһûоһϣ̾˿ʣΪΣ
ȻҪץΪΰԼһˣȼ˷䡣
֪ã뿪𣿡
ɫ׵ĲԾǸҩܷסʱûʲôӦ˵˲ǡ
ˣʡ
ˡشΪҪҡ
Ϊڰ㣬ⲻס𣿡ⲻشɫߵסЦȴϷЦĵø
жʿӰܴ󡣡
Ѿ˴˴Ĳһ㣬ձŽطʱ㷢˴˴죬ǿʱסĵҩ
ӹȻ񡣡ЦȡߣûʩԼԭݣǰ¶Լʵò
Ϥȵǡִ
ڱִµ󷨣û뵽ִȻ£Ϊִҹ˰ˣû뵽ˡ
ϳԼֽߴãִ
᣿ִΪλڰ֮Уȴֲ֪οڡ
Ȼӱִִ˱ϾϤ
ŶѰҲֻ֪ʲôߺش
һֱԼ߿˵Ӳ̫ÿȡ¾ˣЩֻۣίӿҵˡ
뵽ǸڱִǸˣẒִ́ȻԭӣϸȴЩͬ
²ŸִĹйأصİӰ֯Ҳ֪ǲ¶һ
Σ˶ѰԼŵķʽ
ǻҲ޷뻨ﹲѣȰ˵νĻع
ЦЦ
ģòֻܵĿȴ֪٣̽ʣһ㣬˵ȫʺ·Ϊ̶Ȼס
ӰһƵط·УİҲǽΪףǧֻмʮͻɽ޳塣
˵ţԭʿһСǰ
СЩ𣬷Ϊ˳ûӽŲѪڻܿ
ôˣˣ
Сİ̻ϣҡͷδ
С֪һʱյϢ˲Ѿ׷˹СС׶ΣֶζУѰ˹
˴ȥΪϳݣҲ˷Ϊ
ԭ»ҹɱ˺û˳뿪ӣѰİˣӦԷߣǰҪ֮ˣ˱峤Ǹ캦а
ЩһֱһطΪЩ˳ΪʥŮΪҲԼģ֮Ųһֱ˹š
ֻɱ˼ţ޷صǸӣ֪ǸаẦӵˣﲻ˶ûа취׻ȥں֪ȥǸӡ
ؾϳֻǵʱܱԼݡ
ԽߣԽŨҲ޷ֵסЩϮĶٶлɥʧǲϹǵʬаΣա
ԽԽʱѾŨ֮УʱûΣգҪͻֵ
ǱͲһ·ˣ˰˵׷ɱѾ御Ҫٻˡ
ɻҡҡͷܾ˸ֿ顣
ǧᰳǱһնΪľǽˣûʱȻӲ
˵ȴҲ·˲࣬ѾɱˣɱӳȥҲᱻٴι
ڸ˵ǱЮˣѰõɡ
ΪҪ⣬ЩδѩɽһֱڽС
ȴ˵Ҳ֪ΪΣȻЩ˺ʥŮȨһЩԼģȴܶҲڹΨһ֪ıǣǶ⡣
Ӱ֮ݲ˵ʿǽŨҲܵӰ죬ǲǺͻһ޵аȥ֮ˡ
ŨɥʧǵĹƵõأһѨ֮У˲䱻ûг·
ָһʱ䣬ЩӰ죬ⶴѨʱûΣգ˴ϢĻᡣ
ڶѨеϢãһͬȥ½½Ĺﶼȴʼûҵ·
һͣЪţûס˵ԸΪôô˻Ѱ㣿
ǵط˵ҲˣǰճԸٶȣѰˣɹôһϢҲûС
뵽ǰСʦ˵ĻҪȥĵطǧᰵĽ紦λòԶ
ʦбط򵥣СЩ
һ˵𣿡
ǰߵĽŲһ£װû仰ش
ⶴѨĳħ޴µģΣأϮĸʬʤΪǰڽع꣬ںڰûôİɻȴУ˱ýһδˡ
ɽֲС˻أص˳Ϊ·磬ؼ֮ʱסһƴһ˿ɱޡ
֮ԣδȫ˺˻һֳʱؼֻпտɫĵط
¸ٴ۷ֵϻһ򵥵ı󣬻ǰߵĻûӰ
ҪڰбŲߵŮ߹ˡ
ȥˣԻͷǰദʱԼԻȻ˽䱸
ãѡ
ꣿס뵽ԼΪľȻȫˣ־ú
鷳ЩҡеǸ⣬ûлǿнӦ˷ôʱ䡣
˵˵ҲȫûջһϢһϢҪҪ
Щ껨ȥǵڶй䣬ջ˲ٱ
Ϣ
ܾ˵Ϣġ
ЦЦ̾˵Ϣҵˣ綼֪ʧϢ㡣
ͷûһѶۣеͬţҪЩȥ
￴üЩ˵ϢǣȰϻš
Ŀ£̾˿ͣԸˡ
ǰⶴѨ֮ʱ
ĺ߻δϣ˶Ѱ㡭


60 ѩ
ٽ, סԼݡ
ӣֻ㵽ˡ
ЩĲɣ״̬һ·, ǿЦЦ, 뻨
ԭ׷ǽֵ˽ûټ, ջ˵Ǵʧ˹ϡ
ߵҲ⣬ߺԼһ£, õ, һ, ȥ̫
˴Χɢ޺ڵ, Ż, ͻȻע
һȺϳͣȷϵʱվԶһŮޡ
ڵӷЩЦЦ˵С, һˡ
˲ۿչ꣬ճرСʦʧٵϢڵĴҶڸѰϢ, Ϣλʦʦͬ, ֻ˵Сʦ׷һŮ뿪֮㲻ˡ
ûϢ, ڵӲûȥҹֻҵʧȥǵİ, ȴʼûѰϢ
СhСħʱѰһ꣬ûҵû뵽ջôĵط
½´һ飬Ѿߵ˰ߣ»ǰǸӣЩСۿЩ죬ܾӡ
ֱ۵˿ڣ˵Сʦ壬ˡ
ڰµļУʶʼ˱һֱˣƺûһù
ֱ˵㣬Ϥɺܶ࣬ԭ˼ҲõЩ滺˵£˺ȫ𣿡
ʼռǵðΪԼ˵飬ԭΪǡõȵ³غȴû뵽ôࡣ
´߶ֱ۵˿ڣС˵ްġ
ͲСʦԼ˵ԭԭΪȥû뵽Ǳ֪ˡ
Сʦ壬ֳԸִҪˣЩչΪ˾
ԸһȻòչˣȴҲԭΪܱͣ͵ΪʱԪӤ۷ͻƵ
ԸͻȻͣ˻СĿһۣ֪Ļνźá
СʦѾһЩϢ޷ǰ˵˵ƺЩ̡
´֪ģԳԸϲϤ˴ֶܿ
̫ˣ˶ģž룬Ƕ˭һġ
ԳԸһС̲סĿⶼڳԸϡ
һ·ϣ¿ԹڳԸĻ⣬˵ڵ飬һļţǰ·ܽǻߵڡ
һʱ䣬Ϣš
ɲӦ˵ߣҶͬţ˶㣬̫˿ʱ᲻ڣ޲ýԼڿ
סЩߣЦ뻶ӭͬʺãĻش⣬֮У߳һϤˡ
ԭЦȺͻȻ࣬óһ·ʶȤƿߡ
ʦ㣬ڻˣŮЦޣסǳ
ΤǰƺǱס̫ԷĹâ̫ˡ
קק䣬˳ʶǰһССʦ塣
½㣡ΤЦⲻͷδ˵ֶŰµҵʦ𣿡
²еֽգЩ͵ҡǡãСʦ塣
СΤЦſǰͷİ£˵껰
İ߬ס֣ߵ˶Էߣʦãþò
໰˵໰Ҫʣȴ֪οڣЩҲǰĹ
ЦԼʱ֪ǰ˵ʲôźá
þòʦѩɽʦܾˡ
ͻȻץסϱ¶ȴġ
µĶƫͷ˿ƺлҪĹԥ룬ǰ˵ʦãҺܿȥ
ΤͰһͬٵĵطߣں溰ʦ㣬ҪЩ
Ųһ٣оץЩ
áӦΤĻ
ֹ֣֪Ƿ֪ȫ飬ֲһ֪ȥԡ
ǰԸΤһؾؾдһ£һµʱû֪ԸΤʲô飬ǳؾڣ֮˽֪ˡ
ƻܵɣԸܵķɺأɽϻһ꣬Ķǣĺ㣣ܵǣơ
ǡڴʱʧ٣Ը緢һͣҵ߿Եõһǳڵ⣬ôҲѰԭ
˶֪Ը鲻Ϊڲ²ⳤԸҵҪЩʲô
Ų֪οڼ۵Ĺ̾Ѿ֪ˡ
֪ԼλҪʲô֪ʦ鲻ΪϾʱ֮УʲôҲ֪
ʵһֱѹĵ׵ĲѹҪҵԸúʵͷԼ޷µĸҲѹĵףǿų⸱ģ
ûɵģСʦãҲùʦ
Сʦ壬߶ˣԸҪССʦ㵱涼֪𣿡
Ϊ仰޾ۣ۵׳ЦȴЩʣ֪ˡ
ѩɽվԭأ뿪ĵطʵѰһ꣬һֱܾᡣ
Ҳҵ
޷˵ĻǳԸ׿˵ģҪնϺߣΤΪ¡
*
ѩɽѩһţԸһɡվɽѩһһŵɡϣɡϸһɫ
ѩһһǵѩɽѩһнӡֱܿѩڸټ
ѩԶǱ̹ǵģƺܴЬŵףһ㶳˵ѪҺƤ
ѩıƺܹѹĵӿĸһ㶳סģһһ½ӡʱƽ
ͣڳԸµĽӡѩǣһжڻָ
ûгųɡĳԸûжֻǾվ󣬾СʱϲųԸִһ㡣
һ̣ȫƽԭЩҵ˼ͳͳʧʳԸˡ
֮һ֣ǲģ޷ַŲµһ룬ʦҲһ㡣
ѩȫǽӡԸƺע⵽վƣ
ɫУڰѩзŹĽȴֱĶ˿ů⡣
ŻתĳԸ˵ʦ𣬰նϡ
£˵ĺȫ¶ǰҲƵĺ߽ѩɽΧ˵ࡢָ
ҵͷ޷ҵ⿪һˣҲ͵˿ǵأڰѩ֮ϣɽϵķѩƮ
ǵĺߣҲ޷նϡ
߲סѩɽҲӳͳԸС
ģ顣
ݳԸķԸѩ֮ϣ֮䣬ڷѩƮţţԽԽܡ
Ըƽȵ˺£ƣ˵Ҳ
ӳųԸӣǰƽȴ纮һ䣬Ը˵ߣұնϡ


61 
ѩɽ, Ըȫ֮ϣҪն߾£, ֻˡ
Ҫն֮ĺ, Ҫһ, ˵ĺһһ⿪߲Ƶòٽܣֻʣһߵĺ߻, նҲûпܡ
ɺ׽⿪, ֻҪһ˶˵ĺ߱ԽԽ, , һ㡣
⿪Υ, Ҫķѵʱ䶼̣ûһͼҲû˳ɹ
Ķͣϻ, ҲҪնעԵͷѾ⿪Ĺкֻһһνǻ˱Ʒ衣
Ը, ôľ, ȴƺָúԶ
ֿɼȴңɼ
Ǿͺȫύƽ, ǵһ߶ˣ͵ûԵ֡
ڳԸ, ûʣûзӳųԸģһͼ⿪ǵĺߡ
Ըźߣɼ㱻أǱ⿪ĺɻٴξһʾ鶼ù
Ķ߽Ը棬ҪܲĶ
ΣԸ˿ƺжϣɻǷֳһ˿ΪĶĺߣֻЧ΢ΪԸĶǺ߲øˡ
ܾ˳ԸıɺƺֻܺһЩ
ԸûΪһδνţһһԿ
ǰһһ˵ĸ֣ġ顣
ġ
顣
߻ΪøǺӵ˫ܾǷ飬߱㲻ٲҡ
ѩеĺۣԸּѽ⿪ĺܻһ˲佻øɸѽ⿪顣
ϸϸ۷ĵףųԸĺߣԭʦ
ۣٴۿרעĳԸǰȴյĳ
꣬ʦԸҲѩɽʦ𽫰ʱССֻгԸӴҲֻгԸһˡ
ʦ𲻰Цƽƽȴʧᣬһѧ
ʦ𲻶࣬һסѩɽϣԼȥʣٿѯԼ
ⲢʦںԼ֪ģѧ˵ʱСˤʱʦŲǣס
Щ޷ٹȵӣʦûǹҪıٹȵСʱ֪ٹȵǲóԵģΪʦĲһ
һġ
꣬ɽĻʦһûȥѩɽһοޣʱʦǰΪᣬ˵ţĪҪѹ
Сӵȡ֣ʦһֱţο
ʮ꣬ʧʦ𣬶Էȴûйǲɶ飬ıá
ʦҪ֪ʦֲ飬ǸˣĶΪʮ߳һգڸ硣
ԳԸΪĺߣϲĵף޷ѰԴͷģûɵġ
ĶֻԳԸһй
ǻƵһҹҹʣʦһ棬ʼգ鶼ڿţҲãҲգһжں˶ߡ
ȰԼ£볤ԸĵεΣԼעҪعĵ·
ҲãһûԸԳȴ˶޷Ը
ѩɽѩԽԽˣҪڸסڵϵĺߣƮڿеĺȴɾţѩδҲ޷ڸߡ
һ˵Ĺ¶˵ԸԳȣκ˶֪ѡעһҪܶ£ϣԼ
ʦѾ¶̫̫ã꼻һֵİʦʢЦǸݳֹĺʦϴǴЦġ
֪ܾúܾ֮ǰʲô֪ʦʲôҪѡһ·ʦѾ¶ôãҪʦˡ
̫Ƿܹ飬֪ܷܲ£Ҳֻ֪һϣʦǸܹ¶ˡ
ѩøˣȾƮڿеĺߣȴѩгԸķ
ŰͷĳԸͻȻͻˣѩʦ˵ǲͷ
ʦƭӣôͷ
ŵĺ࣬źһ⿪¡
ĵŽҹʮ߲סˣʦ⿪˰˰һʮ졣
ʮˣһõ֡
УԸɫУ͸ĽնϺߡ
ѩˣ΢΢̧ͷִĳԸɫ͡
ƺִߵͼ۵Ĺ⣬ڳԸзȻ޷ȴ
ԸΪ˽⿪Ѻķ̫ķЩòסϾΪҲ޷״ѡ
ԭϵСҲ˳ϳԸֱۣͼֹĶ
һһãһʱ˭Ҳûռ˱ˡ
ò˵Ǻᡣ
ųԸںֻͣڳԸзһһ
ɰͣɫСȴɿųԸҪжߡ
ԸͼֹСײ
Сһ£
ûԸз񽣣ŵ֮ĺϣһü͵ĺ߶Ͽڿб紵ɢ
ڵϵ񽣷һСɳԸ䵽ѩУѩǡ
Ըûһ˿¶ȣӳһƬѩԭƽ䡣
ƣִ̫Ҫն
Ӧ֪ˣʦ𡣡
ųԸԶԭͷѩʧʦģ·뿪ĲӶûһ˿ҡ
ѩöûжѩɽֻʣһˣֻһˡ
ĿɳԸ뿪ķڶ˺ߵѩϣѩҪסϵͷҲҪסͳԸһ˿Ե֡
Ŀ߲ΪסˣĻǻ᷺ۣƵҪ
ɵۣʦĻĿƵڱİϣ˽
ն־Ͳ˰ɡ
עҪ㶨ȻǲеģҪ鰡
˵ͼһηķ⿪ߵĲ㹻ưȴ޷ȫס񽣡
˵
һᣬɰȴûĻø뻽ѩصСֹСһֹж
Žȴţ˵ںܣҪҺ𣿡
òȽˣ㷴ҴƲס̴طǴ̴˵طۡ
û취ƺԼ֡
ͣսֹȻڲţòȽһԼ£ڻǻẦ£᲻¡
֪Լ޷ֹŽԼһɫذףޱȷ⡣
޷ֹֻϣԼذ㹻ܹҪ̫ࡣ
ŽذԼŬѹĵ׵ĿնԼֲ



62 
, ۡ
пյĸо޾ӿϸܵġѹֵۣҪȵӴƤ֮е۸̡
ѩϣȾ˺, Ůӹѩ, һֻֽ߬ŵ, һֻס
ڷϵѩ䣬ԭѩǵĺڷȴⴿ׾Өѩһɫ
ۡ
ʱԺֻʣ֣ɽ˷磬һֱϵС塣
ȡȡвŵĵҩ, С
ʲô, ʲô۶Ρ
ܲѹҪϢۡ
Լ, ȵѪϵİѩŪʪ, һ˿¶ȡ
ϵ˿ڵҩºָܿ, ޽еֹ۵ҩΪβȫκĵ׵ۡ
ĵǺɫģǱնϵĺһɫҪһЩ
ѹסĵ׵Ŀն, ز޶˶
˵˷£ֻƭԼ
ڣûһΪԼĸŬ, ѹָ, £ûй
, ס
ԼˣȫʦҪԼõҪ, ˡ
ѹصĸ鲻Ҫ
ͳԸ˶ϣԾôû˹ϵ
һͷĵѿҲֹס
һԸҲգֻǵģҲҪ˿볤Ը˹ϵԲҪ
ͽѩзұڸĺߣָϵĺ챻ѩѩøˣƺڹ谭
ҵˣͷϿĺ߱߬ģ޷ӦҲãٵҲνԼΪǣ޲ߡ
ǼٵҲãûҲνҪûϵ
ʦҪСʦýΪҲãҪ˳ҲãⶼûйϵˣЩֻǣһסһ롣
ںܾúܾ֮Ҳ
ۡ
ۡ
ǳӯɺԵۣ¶ȱۣĵ׿ն޷ۡ
*
¹Ѿʢ
ڽŵƣƮɫгȺһãЦͬʱָпǧ
ϦѺΪȴδһվɽѩɽ»ͣЪѩè˯ֻһ˵̾Ϣ
ѩɽ߲ư˰죬ɽԸһ֪İ·
գסһɽĳԸǷҪ˾ûеõκλش
ʦ㣬̾ҲûãȥӦȺϼһ
ŻŮӭϹЦ˴İһҡ
ǧҲûʮ֣ЩϼһﲻúñչʲôϦѺſڱԹ
Цһ󣬵ʦԽּܶء
ϦѺ̰۲ڽϵŮӣҿɲǳԸôΧۡ
ҽɣشӻǻġ
ʦúܻԼ̨¡
ϦѺҡҡͷЦͬ뿪
֮ϣϤ׾Ӷ࣬ռһȲּõλã־Ͳûֱдϡ
˼ڴˣһĳɫĿ£ν˵ûȤ϶ٲˡ
ڳλμӳԸģȻҲвֵģϴûκúÿԸСӵġ
ַ֮Ƿ
˵ǰԸն˺ߣ֪Ǽ١
ϻȻģǺ߲ϣʲôСΤ
ϴϷû֪Скε͡
Ҫ˵ãǡʧ٣ǡ޳
ˣϢͨûбϢ
˼˵㵽ԼֱЩҹ۲ۣ˵УǼǡǧᰳ˵飬ҼһγԸ𡣡
ŶĻΧȤҶ䣬֮ǰûϢ
ʱΪλǧᰣ
ó˵ʱ־ԵȣشҶ֪С¡
˵ͷΪСųôһ£ڿ˲֪ 
Сĵطǧ᰽紦׷ħɽʧǡҲʱǧᰡ
˼˲²׷ףҲȦӣ˵ǣСͽһģʱʧٴȥϢ졣
֮ԸΤһͬؾһºƻڣҲ˵ʱ䣬ԸȻ˳УȴΪѰ
һλãһȺСһ飬οԶ۷׷׵ĻҶ
ϦhϦһЩնħʶöˣԭѵҲĥƽЩɱƽյģյҲĬ֪࣬ʲô
ҺۼBܣҹϵõףBԼλŲߡ
ȻҲ˵Ļ޹˼ЦŹ˵Цˣô껹ӣĴһ飬ǻûúһء
BΪǼߵģƫƫܣָ꽻ãûԸ
˵Цˣҿûҥ
˹֣û˵ٻڳλǸ֪BĶУ͵͵һߵϦhϦۣͼʲô
BЦЦûиԼֻͣһ£Ͼͨ󣬿ɲҵСС֡
ڨڨһЦǡ
ڴʱԶһˣѩķ߶ڿиŮڳϲܴķΣһΪȴԪӤڡ
ĿԱ׷Ůȥĵײ²˵ݣڵķβܳɴû˵һԪӤǰ׷ĳϡ
Ůߵýˣϳݣӣ
仰Ͷʯӣƽˮ淺
ӣ
ǰ˵ӹʱΪڣôֻʣԪӤΪˣ
صصѵӵͷΪΰˣ
ĵڳ˶򶨣޷ڸǵİ׷͵ԪӤΪߵĽ㡣
һ۾ͿߵϦhϦȻҲˣ˭û뵽˷ӡ
Сʦ壿
ӦȥµֵȺкС׼ȷ׽ͶȥһЦ촽΢ް
˵һߵһȺСλã£ǺԵ˵ķ͵˵Ϊûб仯
ͰȺ֮Уͬμӽıһⳡλ˹ĵ
ڵ˺һ·ȥǺɫ
ϦhϦ׶һҪ˵ʲôȴֲ֪οڣ°ߣĿ
һʱ޻
㰲յ䣬Bλϼ˳ܵߣǿϦhһۣһƭҵ±үûأ
ϦhϦ׶ƿĿ⣬˵ǾƱǼ¡
Ŀ˵㣬˵㻹ǷһٷϴǸ㡣
ϴκȾƵǮˣȷǷBһٷ
áӦ
仹˵ʲôϦhߣ˳ƻߡ
ԸΤ٣˽ΪһϮ£ÿôۡ
ӳһˣֻ³Ըһˣôľ룬Ըȴһûи
Τע⵽ߣЦߵߣΪһƣʦ㣬ףҰɣ
ӹƱһΤȴʱյߣСʦ㣬˵öԣûʲôԼġ
žƱһϵЦݱǿſ˵ľƱɬʦ˾ͺá


63 췣
󾢲, ζҲøģȴûζ޾ɬͬǰĺ졣
ʦ˵ʺϴ, ʵ, յʦ𴽽ǹһ˿Ц, ½ĵǺÿ
Сʦ塣²״̬ЩԣĿڿ˵ľƱϣóһŵҩ͵ǰ
ջĿ⣬ͣڰµݵǰϡ
, ơ½͡
Цҡҡͷ, ֻһ, ˡ
½Ƶջ, ڴ﷭һ, óһÿСңһЩҩһǹ
ǰ¸ʦѧģʦҩϲһƤǰ±Щǹ
Žɫɰǹ, һ佫ͷ˹͵͵һŻɫǹ޵ʦǹģ, óԣ
ЦЦ, Ϧh㻹Ҫã
˵ţҲյ, 䵽еǹϣ۲ˡ
ºЩָ, ġ
佫¸ǹպãһƨŲϦߣ˵Ҳߣұѵģ㲻ʦ߹
㣡ϦhһۣСһߵϦѩ
ϦѩϦhЦЦεʦãСǿ͡
ޡϦh鲻ԸӦ۹ŲϦѩߡ
ϦѩĿֵϦhЦЦץסϦh֡
¸ǺȴԻȥеĿɬڰڴ¶һĨЦС£Ǻ𡣡
µͷƿߡ
ɷǰǹ΢̾
Ѱ˼ҳɻ鲻ֻͬ˫ཻΪԣȡϿɡ
Ȼ»ǻͬѰ˼һڽ֮ʱѣһ֤ԡ
ڳ֮ϣŷƮԸΤһһߵǰԭſֵʿҲ˳۾ǰһĻ
ʣƵᡣ
̨֮µŮӶս˴һƶ
վ·һԹۿһȴϿɵʱ̡
ΤͳԸһͬ¾ƱЦ⣬ӳųԸԴЦݣ֣ʦ𣬴Ӵ˽롣
һ˶µǵؿߵϦѺ̵һڳüͷ
û̫仯ƺѾȫ£кһ˿ЦףŸ̨ϵˡ
ԸǣסΤ֣˵롣
߿֮ϣƲ㷭תӿڳԸ˵仰ԭ΢Ȼֹͣ
ܲһ˿磬Ʋȴڿٷţ仯ԭϡƲ׵˸Ʋ֮С
ɫƻ۵ԽԽ࣬ɺɫ
ڳ˿Ƶŵ̾췣
˻һһ󾪺˭û뵽ܼ췣ֳ档
췣׽ٺͶɽٵײһײᲨ޹֮ˣԲû˿
Ը΢΢ü𴽽ǱͲԵЦ⣬ƽ߿ƣվߵΤгһѳ
ǳԸı񣡡
һμ񽣻ǰԸǾҪ춷
߲ѾնΪλ췣
Եô׶ϿԸնϺҪ˽Ϊ£ΥȻܵ췣
ųԸǰѷĳþƲߣƲ׵һ¡̼
Ըִǰ˸ŵɫסµ׵磬ųƲ㣬ûһ˿η塣
һʧɫʦҽڼˡ
ͷųԸӰһμʦıû뵽¡
ʦڶԿأĵԼ
ѶϣҲʧȥϵ췣޴Ӻߵ̫˵һ˿ĭܽٴϡ
ʦ˺ߣҲٴնϰɡ
ʦ˿춷Ȼֻվ̨¿ţȴʲôҲû
ԵԼȫס˺ߴȱڣ췣ѣԡ
ԸһδնҪΤ׵磬ɫƽԼĵήĻƽϢ
ʼգĿһֱͣڳԸϣԸûлͷһۡ
Уվߵİ·˶ߣСʦ壬ôˣ
ץ֣ȥһһʧΪˡ
ЩҡҡͷЦް
µĶҲڳע⣬һ̣˶ע⵽ϵı仯
Ϊˣɺԣƺʲôˡ
ųԸһһ׵磬ΪҲһһ١
һ׵磬ʦִڿнնѤû˹ȥ
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ٴ۵ʱȫΪʧһͨķˡ
εʲôҲûпͺһмʲôûз
ֺܰڵĵطԼӣз紵ҶòǺ
ΪʱһһҶ֮УȴУӴЩѡ
֪Ѿȥ˶ãһգʮգһ꣬˵Щ̫Ҫ
ϣʧɫ޹⡣
ͣ£ָЩ֣ûйġ
ҪȴԼС࣬ǿõ˳ֵı
̾һŻϣš
ɣʦһϮԺУһԲ
ϵãϦ͸ʦһǽĻ
ǰʦȴʱЦһ춯ԸĿͶ˹һƽ
ʦ𡣡ỽһ
Ըͷ
һգͰ·ȥ
һ𣿡ַŵؿڵλãץһ£ؿǸɫ׹ȡ
ߵԸߣ׹ݵԸǰ˵ʦ𣬻㡣
Ըĵɫ׹Ĭһ˲𣿡
Цƴˡ
ڽؼ꣬ÿ׵֮ʹڵĥʱԭй¶һ㣬׹ƬǡһֱϣЩһ˵ӣһһ㽫׹ƴ
˰ɣáԸ
ǹһĨЦĿĵɫ׹ϣԼջ֣׹ġ
ûлشԸ仰ƿߣ֪ʲô
ԸͷĬƽƺЩ仯ȴֺܿعƽ˵岢޴󰭣ֻԪӤɢ顣
ҲãԭΪ̫ߣִҪס
Ը˵껰֪ˡ
¿ʼףƣҲϣġ
ԸЩǸͽʦӦ֪ˡ
һӦ̧֪ͷĿڳԸһۣڵųԸδ˵Ļ
أ
ˡ
ˣ
š
û˵νٵˣҪԸȥ£ѩɽѩУŷˣΣ߳Ըȥ
Ըѩɽ徻˵м򲻿ġ
ųԸҪ뿪ıӰʣʦҪ뿪ѩɽ𣿡
Ըͣ£뿪ղڡ
ûΤΪβڣ֪ʣǸýʦãǳһʦ޷ʡ
صĽ뿪֣ѩɽѩ󣬿û壬ֱһѼصĽɽߵÿһܳء
Žֶúܺ죬˱ýЪһЪŴ̹ǵɽߡ


64 ᵤ
ѩɽ, ǰ߲Ƶʢ״Ȼֻ޺۵ѩ͸յɽŮӡ
վɽŮŵƺ, ¶ն䶳Щ, ԭϸÿָҲ
оѩ, վɽԶֵӰȴ޷еˣҲԶ˵Ļ
ɫѩ֮У÷ָסֺͽһ
һ, ޱȰ, ׹ڵϵѩһ, , ֪
ַĿڵλ, һһµЩץסǸ¶һĵ׹
ؿȥİ꣬˼伲, 鰮ȫȴһ£һƺûһ㿲˵˳ޱȡ
, ûҵԼĵ, Ϊȴÿһնھ
Լ֣Ϊȫ, ˫ԭὣնֿһ˿ȴΪ̿֡
˵Ҳ, סΪ꣬һͨڹȥ˱飬Ҳûʲôµġ
ʲôһĵѯԼ
ʦ˵һǶɶ飬Ϊʦ˵ִ̫Ҫѵ͵治ᶯˣȴȥ
֪òģ˿ȻûɻûǳԸǼǵù˵Уǵ顣
ֻǣĲǰˣ۵̫ãϰָо
Ϊ˿࣬˼̬˽ǧǧ˺ЩԺҪߵĴ˵й
ȥһĻĻԺ̳ɻ
һ꣬һƫԶķǳأΪջûпշǸСԺƣֹСԺң󿴼ǸվǰСŮòҵǹ͸СŮ
䣬½½ȥСԺܶΣΪ˲Χ˲ÿζݣǸǹСŮ󣬳ףӣΪһĸףȻһ׷ԲԵ̫̫ȻǵԼ
۰סǸŮɽ¿һӣӷ绪ïĶʮ굽ĺͷʮ꣬һݵֻʮ꣬ȴһʱ䶼ڵǸˡ
ŮϹ۰µɽţſڵɽǰһһãŵλøպÿԿɽµСݣС˵ÿоһһľ㣬ȴû¹һɽ
֪ɽסŵŮѲڣ£ոһľ
˵ŮΪɽµĹŮװɱУһɺ֪ԼƭΪɱأҪоΪ
һɽһˣɽҩˣ츳õߣȴ˵ϵԼΪݵһ
ѩɽۼҪȳԸ췣׽ٸӿ£׹ţŻ۵׹⣬Ժ
ʩһһ̫֮һ֣˼С
ҺЩ˭ĹֻǹȥˣѾȥˡ
ҼǵǸҵŮӣƹǼÿġ
Ұһ̫ˣңڣһӣ
ƣң֣˵һΡ
˭볤ϣƾʲôҪѣǲǳЦЩͨķ˰ˣ
С㵱Ҫ˵ʺ㡣

ɫɣͷ£߲֪ʱӿƲһɫͼ
׵飬һһ£ŰվȣԺ˵Ļһһ䣬ûͣЪ
*
壬˽Աƺƴעʱ볤ԸεŹȥղѩɽ׽١
а𣬽ųԸڵĸڸܻ뿪ζԸаˡ
ѩɽǳԸĵطͻȻƺƴ׽Ȼע⣬˶ԸͶȥĿ⣬ɴ˿̳ԸսΪµСͽܶڣ׽ôҲѩɽȥ
ɽӦֻһΪʧԲѵܲǿµ׽һԵˡ
ϦѺ̺һڳǰ˿ɲƽɫʮףƺƴʮס
ްſдŴ֣ΪΡ
ΪʧʮǶɽٵףʿͻƽ𵤲׽٣ܲһս𵤶ɽ٣δ̫˼顣
ʱڳ˶ʶʮ׽٣ʱֻһ˴ѩɽϣ׽ֻġ
ͨ㣬ڳ˶п츳Ϊʧһս𵤣Ǻε츳ˡ
ɴҶ֪ʮ׼ΪѶɣ񲻹֮츳ٺãԷ֮εֵ֮
ΤڳԸ࣬ŽҪƣʣʦģ
šԸͷŸ߿֮ϵơ
ȥ𣿡˵֪ĸ˳ԸƵ˼ϡ
Ͼڳ˶˵Ը˺ؾΪ׵飬龰֣Ȼ˵ſ֡
ϦѺҲĿڳԸϣһ˲ɳԸ޶ԡ
ڳ޳֮ľв٣ȴûһ˳ϦѺƣ֣߬ǲԸȥǲȥûаܵʮףѾ޳֮Ҳ׳ԡ
׶һȥӶʮߵ˵ˣԼпܵסʮߵס
ڳ֮УгԸһаյס֮ףҲֻгԸܾ
ԸѾµĵһףĵҪԼ߹Ұﲻ
ЦЦ͵͵ĵֹԸ࿴һվڳԸߵСͽܣûмһɽ٣žͻ˵Ļ
ڳ˶룬ȴû˵ڣֻǽעַѩɽ׽֮ϡ
Ըûжһվ忴䣬׽ڵӶ˳Ŀⶼۼѩɽϡ
ǵ߼ãѩɽ֮ӽȴŽվŵŮӣַŽվ𣬽һε£һٴα£һһΡ
Ը޶ԡ
̣˲ٿΪʦĳԸȴ۾ûգһ£ɽϳ׽ٵŮӡ
ڶʮߵ˺ܾã㹻Žٴվǿڵס߳£ܿѩɽϵɽ֪֮
Ըѩɽȥ
ɽ֮ϣһ׽ûнվţȴûһõƤ⣬ģŽ΢΢š
ƿһɫӰԼŴĽɫ̡֡
ʦ
ͻȻǰŮӣתգǰ㡣
Ըһ޴ϵסȥ·֮ĴܽԱ޹ʳֵĽɫ£ɫϵס·ͬʱҲڸߡ
Ǻ
ϦѺ̿ǰӿֵĽɫ˼Ըȴһһ֮ϣͼ˺ס·ϡ
˲֪ԸΪͻȻˣٿϦѺ̺ڳϽ޶һʱҲû˳ְæ
ŮӻĻýֻϳ˲ʦȴҲûоȥ˭Ϊڴˡ
ŮӷסҪµĿ⿴ǿζϣɫ΢䣬ƺ໰˵ȴڸо˷ýЩڿһһдһ֡
ڳԸ񽣽Ҫɫ֮ʱǰͻȻһɫ֣д˱ʷʢȴ࣬ɿֵ˶˿ƳὣסĳԸ

Ϧ̣Ըĵд˵֣ɫһ˲ɫϵһʮʮĹ
رɫɫһѹȫʧԸӰʧѩɽ
ʱԭѩеʧֻ´æĳԸͷ׷Ʈѩ


65 Ϧ
Ϧ, أΪλͻȻǸֺͽɫϣ
˶ѩɽϵ龰׵ѩɢгԸһվѩص, ˴ӰӶûпš
һ׹Ȼɲ, ܲܽʣˡ
Ծ, ͻȻ·Ľɫģû˶֣ǸôԸ
ϦѺڨЦڳڳ϶ʱûƽջ˶еر졣
ɫϿ֪ܲ˭, ǰŵ, ڵӾûһʶġ
Ͼ, ڴû˲ϦµĻ
ȿ, Ϧÿһɽ϶˵ӡ, ƺƴ󴥶˷ӡű·ϦѺſںߣڳɵӣ˲
ȻǷӡ, ΪֻǸ֡
ϦѺĵװͷ죬ЦӯӯϦ̣ҲԴ⡣
Ϧֲ˵ĶǶԵġ
űȥ˺δ, һϦѺ̵Щ, ڳԸΧϦ̵ؾ
Ըɫ, Ȼƽޱ飬ȴʱ, ˶ܿ˿鲻ãҲûʡ
ϦѺ̴Щֵˣǰץвһõ˲˵ı֤Ž˷ߡ
˶Ϧ̵ȥв²⣬ڳλãÿ˼֪ڵľ£ҲΪԳԸҪСͽܽʱ²ߵԭ򣬶ΪϦѺȻ֪ࡣ
֮ϣһȦڳϣ֮µΪΣ
ֻʣԼˣûҪﶼϦѲڣû˵ʲôϦÿ֮¡
ȻŭԹ¡洽Цһϵ
´һ򣬶ƿߣܾ·Ϲаհͬ罫˷ȥ
ްʦվһɽûⶫ
֪ұƭ˵ģǻʣϦѺ̯̾֡
ʦ㣬Ϧȷһţĵô죿
ϦѺ̾˿ʦܣҲҵġ
𵽵׺⣿
һȺϳüǷ֪һЩ£ȴֲȫ֪е飬һֱڵȴĳ֣ǳԸûһ˻֣ɳԸҪնϺߣҲûһ⡣
ѩɽԸվʧɽȴϦѺ̡
ϦѺѵղģվڳԸʵǺ⣿
Ȼն˺ߣΥ˽Ϊʧ֮Ҫվڴ˴һնϣڱͶԿ췣ĳԸ˵ס
ԸתԶϦѺ̣֪ҲҪص𣿡
ڲֹһڵϦڵȣڵȡϦѺͬʡ
ԸȴҾʡ
ϦǱʡϦѺͬ˲ԤޣһγԸҪͬΤʱԷ⣬ϴӡ
ԸϦѺ֮ĶŻãһ˭Ҳû˲
*
һ۵ʱĿһƬϤİɫʲͬʵůһƬϤů
ɽٵʹ࣬ԭʧΪ͸ɺԵľת
һΣԶĺŮӣźͺʦһѣҲڵķΡ
ڱĿŮӣ˺Ǻÿһֲͬκ˵ĺÿôӦǶׯģִЩº͡
Ϧ̾ʱۣЦƽ㣬þòϦ̡
۾Ըȫչֳǽģѱģо±ǨĳУƫƫڿʱڸǲסЦ⡣
ƽ㣿סǲ⡣
Ϧ̵ͷЦⲻ˵ţƽ㣬Ӧǵˡ
ӦŮӺ˵һ仰ȷ˵Ϧ̣ڵϦ̣
ţǸϦ̡Ůӵͷش⡣
Ϊλҽ㣿ᣬǵԼֻǶɽٱˣѲ׻µĻþῴϦ㡣
۲ΧȷڻþпģѾ׽٣ΪҲû⡣
Ϧ̿ϵɻЦﲻǻþҲʡ
Ϊλ㣬ȻΪǰƽ㡣
ϵıԽԻϦ̲סЦ˳
ЩգϦΪλ㣿
ûŪϦӦ䣬ΪλͻȻԼǰƺʶԼӡ
Ϊǰƽ㣬Ϊһֱڵ㣬Ҳֻܼҡ
ϦĪҪҽˡЩӦжϦӡһֱģģǰͻȻ֣㣬Щ֡
ϦĻЦЩԾƿߣĴ۲°ŵİɫ࣬ƺ̺ͬԴԴԴꡣ
Ĵ޷жԼʱڵλá
ϦͣЦشļҡ
ңסҡͷҵļѩɽ
Ϧ϶ĻüһǰǣҲԲǣԭļҡ
Ų֪ΪͻȻЩϦ̣ЦҲϦļҡ
ЦͣҲеᣬ֪ΪΣϦ̸ĸоĪ׽
ҲԲǡ˵꣬ϦüͷҽԸϳҲС
ƺ飬ԹԵͷ
ʦ𣿡ʣ֪ΪϦͻȻҪ˵ʦϳڡ
ֵǣٴʦĺƽҲˡ
ʲôʦûİʦ񣬳Ըû̹ʲô䵱ʦ𣡡
Ϧ̶Ըʦޱȿܣԭÿׯ࣬ɫ΢䡣
Цҡͷͬ˵ҴСʦѩɽ󣬰ʦҲ˵ġ
ǲ㣬ʦﶼû
ָָһߵİ˵ġ
Ϧ̿ŰֹǱĽ
ƽ㣬Ը壬Ȼҽ㷣ȥܿ࣬Ϊɶ
ΣϦƺǲʦ𣬡ʦûб壬Ǵαҷˡ
ǸʲôСͽܾǸСħŮҲǹģ
ɫ΢䣬һֱΪԼ⣬ָΪ̽Ҳûֲԣԭˡ
ȷʦ𣬻治֪أ
ֻǣĻǺеԼƭˡ
ϦԽ˵ԽȻȷ䣬ֲǵ͸ˣЩµĻԼڶټ޷ȴܿЩڷ顣
ԭԸڣǸˣôڵȵˣû뵽Ըÿһ¶ϣ޲թʬ
Ǳ壬ЩԶ׿˵ģ˭Ҳûб˵ԸԶ˵һ㣬ҵʲôһ鶼û
ƽ㣬ָ䶼ϣ֪ΪɢؼģҪΥԣҲõȵָ󣡡


66 ַ
СγǱұ֮, սҳǣһսҽǰӹܴ˳ǵĹǿʢ, н, ʱ˺ӡ
ɼ, ɺܶ࣬ΪС꣬ͷ׵ˣʤ
εŵؤֵ࣬ȴ, ؤ֮侭ִ, Ϊһı֡
С, һʮһСؤǰ߿, ׷ؤ
ǰܵСؤӼϤ, ׷ŵȻҲˣСؤǰסؤ·ӵСؤ
СؤͷЩǾ, ݣմңȴģ
ϸĻԷСؤʵǸŮ, ֻǽԼŪ̫, ͷҲţԷֱģ
Χסؤк, ҪСؤ࣬Сؤȴ˿ûе, Ťһ
ΪǿСؤֲˣ㹻ؼʱ̽ڻͷ˳ؤתĿ꣬Ϊ˭ܶһִŤ׼Сؤûͷܡ
ؤʱ֣ȴԼ޷ıطκ飬ɻߵϦ̡
ҵĻ䣬ǿĶϷ飬޷ı䡣
Ϧ׷СؤܵķǰߣϦ˵ǵϦ̣ȻҲ֪˿еĹȥΪΣϦ̱㽫ק˼ƬС
Ϧ̿ЩãȻ̾˵Ҳָ֪ܰ䣬ۿһȥ£˵Щʲô
Сؤܵ͸ŹӾͷеСߺȵ
Ϧ̴첽׷ȥƽ㣬ҵһμ㡣
Ӧؤ׷ǰܵСؤСؤΪŴˣЩܲϵۣҧǰܣ̤ӰȺĽֵ
ֵСؤܳʱǡײ߹˴һӣһƿ
Ϊ͵رƿСؤƲסԱಽץͷɵУҪץסȴȥ
Сġ
Ůӵͺ˲ƶһûСؤ࣬Ӻ汧ס˽ҪˤСؤ
ĿǸӺ汧סСؤŮϣԷźһģһݣȴֺԼЩһ
СؤŮӻ˳һ˿֣̿ǰÿŮȴû˼дŵǺЦСؤû˵
СؤûдǰÿŮпҲûпٵĹģŮӵעӺᣬֻǵʴʱ˿̵Ƿ˵
ССؤֻԼκ˵⣬˿ȴҧŴҡͷ
Ǳá
СؤһŮӣߣ𷽲ŴɳȥͷĴѰ׷ؤûܳӣȥ
һ˹ȻѵãǸͷΨһܱ߬ĶͷǰŮ㲻ʲô
ŮӿͻȻ߿ĴѰҶСؤ̧վһߵϦ̿ͻȻֵĺߡ
ϲһȦק£һ˺ߵ˾վڲԶźߵСؤ˵ͷȷ𣿡
ųԸС̯ϿˣͻȻܿסСԸһɵеͷҵ˲̫ã㽫
ҲҵһμԸϦͬͣ˵ĳԸͬ
ȻҲԸһǳɫȴʦ𳣳ŵɫǰ㣬ͺһһɫԼ䣬֮ͬ
ǰʦ𣬺Ǹݳֹһ̵ʦƺɬһЩͷСŮ߻ԼߣƺԲԡ
ϵĺ߱ɿٴ䣬Ըǰ˵ͷЦ
Ӻܴ˿ΪõϿЦ⣬ִų볾¶
ǸվڳԸߵԼǰʦͬʱҲڲһϦ̼еԼƺųѳᣬһȫԼһĸо
Сؤ濴ŻصԼͷһУȻͷΪڵϹȦЩ࣬ζȴǺóԵġ
Եýζֱ߽Żع˫ͷˣɻҲҪ
Цᣬҡͷʣó𣿡
СؤȻŮǺ˼ȴǵ˵ͷš
ǳԸʲôԸؿǰͷС
Сؤ˿Ըֿ˿ȱһͷ̧ͷ˵ؤ
ؤԸɻǵð˵ؤǿַˣؤûǲյ𣿡
ЦЦ˵ԸǺǲһ
СؤǰŮӵĻʲô˼룬ųԸ˵ҴСһˣԺҲһˣҪ֡
˵껰СؤԹԿͷԸ˼һĻüͷţò˵ûգλ㣿
仰ʱСؤѾͷ꣬ĻûĶӣ̾˿ԸĻ̧ͷ˵û˻ỽҡ
һؤֻҪ·ϣ˵Ҳ֪ؤû˻ʲôǰСؤԺؤ
ԸںСؤĶгĬüͷЦЦתûߵСؤʣͷ֮׼ȥʲô
ַ
֮أ
ַ
أ
˯졭Ҳַ
һĻشܼ򵥣ɵ˽ʱСؤȴãȻÿӱ˯ַַַ֮⣬Ҳûˡ
һַؤʲô
ǰͬĬСɢڶǰҵСãɫٰ㻹ַ𣿡
Сؤ룬˵ַĻһһֱš
Ϧ͵͵һֱûƿߵĳ˳Է䣬С˵ƽ㣬СʱǲЩ
ҡͷֻǵʱݡ֪ͬ㣬Ҳ˻ش𡣡
Ϧ˿֮ǰɴûһҪԼСʱɵӸ˿ǻЩԸϼһ϶Ҫݺݳ
ȿȣһǾʱԼ̫ɵԸԼɵӣϦ̵ĶЦο˵Ҳ˽
Ϧһλ䣬СؤͳԸ뿪Сγǣ֪ԼΪҪŮӣΪǳúÿֻΪ˺˶һ
ؤСͿ˼񣬼ָˣǶһ޶ģһġ
Ϧ亣ƽȾ𡭡ԶСؤվԼǾ˵Ļ
ϦЦĿ⿴ƽһ̫Ʋӳˮ棬ȾһһĽɫûҵǰƽΪȡġ
һտʼСؤԼ֣Ưÿַֻ֮ˣһտʼҲΪ˭һСؤͷ
Լ֣Ϧ̡


67 
һκйصļһ, СϦҲͳԸദзǲǷˣǴ˵ЩƼˡ
б룬Ϧ̳ȴСĵط, ңԶһʿ, ҪץԼеˡ
һ, ǴϦһδ磬ѧЩ򵥵Ҫֱ
ֱգƽ˵ҪԼȥȥ, ҵԼԼ·
ڼƬ, ͲϦ뿪ǰס츳, ˵ҪԼȥ, ȥ, õ츳ȻһʼռƣҪһͨĿʼܿøʵ
ûоܾϦ̵Ϧ̵츳סһ, ͬҲ˽⿪ӡķغټʿټһա
еСϦ̿ŽԼһСصŮ뿪, ת˱ʱĵһ, 潣š
վڼеϦҲڿŷֱ뿪ˣźһʵŵСϦ, ʣΪ뿪˴˴
ʱɽͬʱӲ, ޳֮಻һűλ½֪츳õĵӴãΪһͨţȴҲڵһŵĺڰҿ潣Ųʵ
ظ󼫶࣬սȴҲûٹһҲûǵʱһЩҲգɳͨ̽·콾֮ӵżʣû˸ԹԣΪʵͨӸ޷
Ϧ潣Ŵʮ꣬Ϊ뿪潣ڲΪһ츳ͨĵ뿪ߵûһ˳ͣ˳Ц뿪潣ڱû˱ӣѡһ·
뿪潣ţʮѰһԣɽ֣ѡеһɽһһٳɽ
ɽڵλã뿪潣źϦûţȺ֮ȥһԵҵԼ·ҪеĽһɵ
򵥣·ûлͷĻᣬһһٳʯ·ɻͷΪԼľڡ
ʯ·գССͻˣҲٴμ˷ֱǧͳԸ
գϦڽһʯɣ˴˶ɽףĽپǱóɽٲŻʮףǰɽĽⱾһڷµķմ
Ϧ̵ĵǧɵʯһȹִ̣ףûη
ʮʵģһһش֤֤ġ
ɢȥվ׵ϦȻڣȴվñֱ͸¶ŶĲѱͼᶨ˲֪ʱڴ˴ˣǾȡ
Ŵ׽ĵϦ̣кЦûоȣƺԤϵһ졣
ǧȥʱĳԸû˳ʱ¶ʱǡôºÿһ̫ǳԸǳҫ۵Ĺ⣬ȴ
Ϧ̿ǰĳٴηԼЩãһμǱģȻǸΪһͷ˵СؤˣõѺͱըͷŸӲһЩ
͵͵ֶԷĿͣԶϣɿ˳߿˽۵ʮָûסһ壡
ȻϦ̵ĵƿֻרעʱԼϦ̵һμǰ㣬ֻ˱ࡣ
Ϧ̺һĳԸķУֻǼеҲҪǨŭ
̣þò
ʱϦȴԭأûΪʱͻȻǾ׽ôȴûܵ
潣ŵʮ꣬ԶԶȴûһͬǰ㣬ֻпնıͶϾĮȴһģǶ˲ͬ
ʱϦ̻˵ֲֻͬǣӦͳԸģУһ˿
Ǹɾģһ޶ġ
ϦŬԵɵɵסԼ˵ʮ׽ٶȹиҿǵʱ㶡
ʱٲȻͳԸԼĸ󣬶ҲȷϦ̵ĸ
ƣСϦ̲ᱻ׽ɵ˰ɣԸϦһֱʵɿǣŵ֣ܵϦǰ˻ӡ
㻹𣿡ԸǵǣϦֻǴ㶵ؽĿŲԸϡ
ԸҪŻ֮ǰ˵ɵ˿Ż˵ҲӦ˶١
֣ϵĺ߱סĶ˳ƽԸֻһ𣬳Ըͷɫί⡣
еЩ֣Ը
ΣȴûֳԸ˼
û¡
Ϧ̻סԸĺϣɿסԸĺߣԸϦЦʣúܿΪβ⿪ӡ
һ۱ܿϦ̻û⿪µķӡƾ費ȫ츳޵磬ܿҲ
Ϧ̱࣬ʩԼʰɾԭ˵ľȣشԸ츳Ҳ츳Ҳֻһԡ
Ըͷ˵츳һ˵ޣ㲻ʧ𣿡
ϦŤͷɵʯ·ҡͷ£·ߡ
ȻҵԼҪ飬ɽڣҪһţ̸϶ôƽֻЩµĵܼԼеĵá
Ϧ̻عͷͻȻˣĬһ˲Ϊ޷˵ľ磬ƾ²Ҳȷλ
ԸЦҪɽڣ
Ϧ̵ͷͻȻʣǻ֧𣿡
Ըƫͷơ
յ˳ԸߣĿºͿϦ̣˵ѡ·ߣʢСҲֻһˡ
ϦӭĿ룬ʵ𣿡
ЦҡͷԸûУһֱ
ǣԸͬһ𣿡ϦǳȻһһóֵĶҲûУ޷ʲôô
ұԸûоܾϦ̣Ц⣬ֻҪãȥﲻҪ
Ϧ̽Ŀϣɺºͣʲô𣿡
ϦҡҡͷĿɨ⴦òӵɽʵ˵ʲôҪ
Ϧ̿ٳɽʯף˵һɽʯ·˱ͬˡ
Ϧһԭأû뵽ͬˣһܸԶûС
վʯϣڵɽˡ
ʯ·ߣϦµѹѰɽѣ˼ȥʯ·ΧľͳԸͬ˵ʯ·ټ򵥲
ƣЩῪʱ᳤𣿡
ʢ滨ɫ걻紵ɢڿƮƽº͵£ϵʯ·
Ӧᡣ
Ը̤ʯϵ滨ǰ˼͵ת֣Цƣǣ֣
΢΢ͷ볤ԸߣÿӳųԸģЦӦá
ԸȴͻȻʯ֮ϵУ˵ʮָڳԸЦнһαԸҪüͷȴ˴ǡ


68 Ϊ
֮, ǡÿһĻϦ΢΢ۣΪƿߣ˳, ּװĽ, ʱʱҪһۡ
ȿ, Ҳҵһ֪ǵĹϵϦ̾ӼٶԼЩν͡
ջĿ⣬΢΢ǵĹϵ
ۿ˹ȥԼʦ, ȴ޷һȥ, ޷ᵽʱԼ
Ϧ̿ģٴ̾, ˵, ƽ, Ըĵ¡
ΪϦ̵ĻһģҲǵˡ
ÿΪ仰Ⱦ˵˼ʵЩѾȥ, Ϧ̵˵ȥǵ£ʦһ˿, ǸǶôһʱ, ޷
һߣĳԸǣǶ, ʯϲϦ̻ϣڵĹ´￪ʼ
ԸϦһΪȡ, ͷʯ·ʱʱϦǷ̫ˣͷβҪһɻͷȰϦʯ·һЩʱ룬ǵһǰʯ·Ҳǧס
Ϧȴ˵źãɱ·޷һʼ¶ģȻѳɣûлͷ·ҡͷЦЦûʱϦ硣
ǰһĻʦĻԭʦʱеˣǸʦԸˡ
ԭҲһ䣬һС
ĿڹȥԼʦĲ䣬ǸʦûеӡǣԼͬλãŷԼҲͬӡǣɫƣȴûС
ҹΪ̱ʦסλã⿪߰˰챻Ե
ʣʲô
Ϧ̿סĶж˿ͻıˡ
й˵Ļ䡣
ͳԸһͬڣһҪ飬ǽæµϦΪСʱ򰤶̫࣬ɣȴҲܰԼŪЩԵģͳԸĴܻͣڸһͬζҲƲԷ⡣
һʱǳԸһЩ򵥵ʳϦշû̫츳ֻӣԸ֣ദˣϦ̵Ҳֵڲ䷹
Ըÿһ𶼻ὫԼŪһңÿʱܻῴЦЦˮԡϦ̶Դ˱ʾ棬ȴܱԸŪȥ
Ϧ̺ͳԸһĳؾץһķ㣬ϦŷֳԸշҪһЩὫԼŪһҡ
Ըշóԣֻϲ֣ԷҲһֱϦ᳤ԸԼһû츳
֪ͬԸǹ⽫ԼŪһҵģֻӲ𴩶Է
ڽڣϦ̺ͳԸѰұҲ˲ٱΧܹˣϦʱ򲻹ˣ辶ʼдӣгģߵĶдȥЩ˳סĵط
ʱΪ۷壬˻ţû˵дĹ˰ؾػķ
ϦﲻѱģܾУȫһ޶û⣬ԼͳԸʱʱˣ㽫ڵķŪ޵ĺɫϴһ֣վȺоۣһ۾ܿĸġ
ЩϦַƳģõǼõıѧƱƵĵһƷǸϧⶫûʲôãʩ˵͸ԸʾһԷҡһҡֻⶫֻһΡ
ԸЩģϦദˣʱʱ죬ϦСЩԼ䵱Ʒ
ҲյϦ̷Ƶĺ£úɫ̫⿴ԸÿμԸһ³ЦҲ᲻Ծüۡ
ϦдĴ£һЩµӣϦ־ͬϵˣһжڱá
һ꣬ͳԸҪȥ棬ϦǡҲһѹα˱ԼС
ʱļļڣСһѾõĴ˵þò飬˿ڰ̫ɽʱһյƷŷգῴ֮˵ԸΪǽף
С˳ȥƽ㣬ҼһƣÿһҹƵյļڡ
ż·С˶ᱻһյƣдǵԸС͵ķʽΪͳõףԸ
ԸͬһյƣдţԸꡣ
Ϧűһӱֱһ֣ǣףҡ
СĴһƷŷɣʱ̫ŸºƽߣͣƲᵭƽĺɽˮ棬ÿ
ϦϹЦƣѱҵܸõһۿ
ԱͬƵŮЦԸҪģǱȵ˭󡣡
Ϧ̵ҲΣһ˵ҵĳĺҵһ󡣡
Χ˶ĻЦ￴ׯȴȫ෴˵ÿһ仰ϡ
СסŵĶǴˣϦȤҪǴӴ˵Ǻ
Ϧżӳ㣬ٵԸǰˡ
ԣҲǸԸ𣿡һԼԴõǰԼӣôͿ˼ҵ㡣
ֻдĸֿ֣ԸϵƣЦŴȤϦ̡
Ϧһ£˵ܿҵ˼ףԺҪ飬ܼ򵥵ġ
ԸЦߣԸʵˡ
Ϧ̲ԣһĪĳԸȥͬϴЦʣʲôʱΪβ֪
ԸЦ˵Ϊһֱǰ
ϦɫŹ֣´ųԸε㲻˵Լɣ
Ըǣ֣һβཻʮָЦûǱؼ񣬻ǽ񡣡
ɳԸ˵ǵܣϦ̲ŵɴ۾δ䵱
񣿡
Ҳ¶ȣǲ⣬ɹϦ˵ĹȥȴҲ޷׽ǰʵ
Ϧ̵ͷûƽ㣬ƹ񡣡
ǰĻ滹ڼȴҡҡͷҲû
Ϧ̻˻֣ĳ任ڣԸϦˡ
ƽ㣬ˡ
Ϧ̵֪ԸʵݺûоȺܾãƽʵ
ڣԸΪϦ̽һЩĹ¡
Ϧ̳˼Ƭ̣ʵǰƽʩչǿô
ػ֮ϣǿΪɢʩչɻأͬҲɢؼ䣬ʧȥ䣬һУʱ䳤¾ۼӵ壬ָݣѰļ䡣
һޱḶ́Ҳ֪¾ۼҪãֻ֮ᾭʲôָָõȶ೤ʱ䡣
񲻻׶ǵؼķҲ׸ı䡣
ԸҲ񣬱ʱȴ֪Լʲô޾㹻ʱű˴ˡ
ƽ㣬ûм裬ʱĳԸ˵һֱ㣬ҵ㣬ָݣѰؼ䡣
˭Ҳ뵽ǵļ边Ȼ档


69 ̰
ظ, Զ̰ģõѾ㹻࣬ɵи˵ĸǰ, ܻд뾡취
һеı, Ҳ￪ʼ
ھǧʱ, Ȼ˳Σܿ뵱ʱСŵĶ㡣
ͳԸѩɽһݣɽˮ㣬ڣǼ, ֻϦ̵Ŀɽ
Ϧǧʱд, ѩɽͳԸӹ̷ӡ, ûЩߵˡ
ͳԸȥǸС, Ϧȴֻżпղһȥ
һ, ͳԸһɫƬСԭӦ֮У֪ںߵУ˺ۡ
ǡñ·ͳԸ, С۾һɫһɫƬ֮䣬Ϊÿ
ѩɽ˼ңȡΪײ
֮, ʿһ, 潣һΪڵںѰ˵ټһֱʿĵط, һϢʿǰ, ɴ
챦ʤѱѹ½أȻ
ͨûߣħȴ׷ŹȻᣬ峣걻ɱƬУûռٱˣΪˮԼõģҲĹбץȥūۡ
ս´ҡ
갲ƽȵĺһһˣɾ޴ĺ˵סеѺ۵ֵһᡣ
ȺȻеǿʵȴסһһϯӶߣԩѪͷѪȾ˶ˮɱ¾ֹ
סѩɽϵĳԸҲԸǵںеֹɱ¾ںϷԹѪɢͬʱȻܵǣ
ð㳤ԸһûҵԼɺںֹɱӵˣȴر֧ˡ
ѪȷûֹͣԸԽԽ΢꣬пƲסơ
Ϧ̴˺ǵ˽棬ͼҳֹⳡķû̫ˣЩҪֹ緢Ҳܵǣ
Ըع麣壬ɱŰѪȾ캣ͬʱҲǣѪ죬ɱ¾ʾ
عƶˣһƬƺ֮Ͽжὥ˱ϵսѾ
Ƭ㾳ԸȻᱻˮеѪԹͬǱΪаֻǾʹɢؼ䣬Ӵ޳Ը
ֿܣԸ⿴ġ
ҪĺҲȻںɳԸİˣ֮УһֻԸȫİ
İԸ˵İ
ԸסЩҪħʱõϢĳԸԻָǣǺԿзһС
Ըںгε壬֮ףĸһںǿޱȵ壬Ǳʿħץȥ۳ѪⶼߣûһǵĺС
ǸԱߵС壬ƽȵʧǵȼĿ޷գһһ¡
Щ޴֮ķˣЩСⳡѪȷ֮˿ûз
һңĴң
񱩵ĺ˻ٵں߰ҵķˣǶ˵ʬ壬ѪȾ˵档
ԸںҪƷ֮ʱ֣סŰܿƵĺˣЩܿʱߡ
һһΣԸǵס˶ҪĺˣסЩбɱ¾۵壬Ǻ
ڣľ̵ĻɽҰ·ϣչⱩɹѻʳۣʳѪ⣬һ˿ǣ֪ʹȴûѻߡ
ƶػ˳Ը޷޷ڳΪԸһ꣬Щ˵ѻ
ԸʧȥѪٴγʹȴ޷Ρ
ڣ·˵ĽŲ
·һСŮˣͬ·С￴ڵϵĳԸקĸ׵ͣ£쿴Ǹ½㡣
Ů˿һڱѻʳĳԸŮ׼뿪Ѿˣû͸ҲȲ
ǴӵĽҲһ£СŵڵϵŮˣͻȻԷֶһ£ȵû
Сĸ׵֣첽ܵڵϵŮߣʳѻߣǰɣ
ŮŮ̾˿ߵԸ߽˷˱ϣǰһǽ
Сͷ֪ԼĸĴΨһˡ
Ů˽ԸԸ΢΢ۣ˵һллȴ޷ڡ
̫ƽֻܰôࡣŮ˿Ҫ˵ĳԸ̾˿׼ǣС뿪
ԸŬ˶ָָŵС￴ͼΪԸȡԸָ˶С﷢һ
СŮ˶һҪݸԸɶԷȴ۾
Ů˿˳ԸͼԸ㰲á
СŮ뿪⴦Ϊţֹѻʳ
ٴƿŵǴæϦ̣ЩһֱŵڸܿѵˣЩҪһĵӱţԸ¸ŵ˲࣬ҲһһսԽԽ١
յĴȴ޷ҵԸټڳԸϵķ˳ҵ
Ϧ̼ߵҲǰ龰պ°ЦĳԸ͸ʧѻʳδõѪӿݡ
ۿϦҲĬĬƲߣ䵽һμ䣬ҲǵһΡ
ԹѪ޷ɢԸ޷ʱ뿪ˮ뺣ʧȥʶһʶǻ
̰ߵ޷ɢⷽҪ𶥵ѡ
ԸҲڡ
ʱ˵Ӯ˵οؼһδѪб÷񣬱òֶΣ޷ֹ
Ϧ̼Ϊι£ǸǰϦ̣룬ͬжã˳Ĳѱ
ΪɺദһǿǼᶨ
ֻǣϦ̣Ҫʩչɢؼ併񷣡
ΪҪػɢһؼ併׽٣֮׽жʮߵµȴһٶʮ˵ؼ߶׽ٵУΪԽߣԽأٽġ
񲻸ƫģԶԳԸƫģһٶʮ˵ףЩ̰֮ĵˣҲΪϴơ
ɢظ࣬ʮգʱʱ̿ţҹա
ûиԼ·ûиЩ֧·ȣ֮ԨҲһɾ·ߡ


70 
ɢɹ, ʱϦѾ޳壬Ҫ̶ܵ߳ȵ񷣣һٶʮ˵, ûб֧ϦҲס
Ϧ˵, ʩ֮ǰ, һΪֳĴΪϦ̽һһľ֮УٴηסϦʣΪԴ֮, 񷣹佫ϴ, Ҫһͷ˴, Ϧָ̱·ˡ
ɢ֮, Ϧؽ, 꺣лĺۼݻ٣Ϊԣס˵Զǵһ
ͬ, Ҳɢ֮Ϧ̶һվʯ·֮ϣһƬѲ, ὣնǧʯ, ǧһμƽ·
һ̫ܹĲһյ˲, Ը»ͷ˼Ļᣬʼղ, ǰ·ĪҪͷ
Ϧ̵ĴһԾΪһŴڣԼɢɵĳ֮ϡ
ԸϦɢ֮ģµҲϦ̣ѩɽŵϵסѩɽϦͬȴ֪
ڣϦҲʲôû£ڽһֻܽȥĵطｲһαʹĹȥҲͳԸĹ£ÿһȾܽصĿõƣιȥһֱܣȴ
ϦҲûȫɢ䣬ڣϦһֱڣڵһһľڵĻɽдÿһ
˿ʱڶʮ꣬ҲųԸѩɽʮꡣ
Ը֪Ϧ̵ĴڣϦȴܿոһѩɽĳԸ֪ɢĳԸܳһʱ䣬Ը뿪ѩɽݡ
뿪Щʱȥعһ䣬ȣһļĵһƣд˼ۿ˼ߣϽЦ⡣
Ըһ㵽񣬿һᰲźƮŵ˼Ϊ˽ףԸ
Ϧ̵һνУԳԸΪû̫Ѱ˵һ˵ȴȲһʮʮ꣬Ըعûޡ
ʮ꣬ʮʵ̫ãõһС
ǰħսԸ͵ʱһͬǰһնɱʱħһʶԸɹĳԸȴģ
Ϧ޷뿪ڣ֮ĳԸϷʲôĳԸʩѩɽһѩȾ׳ȥֵѩɽӴѩɽѩ䲻ϣº£ɫЦ⡣
ԸԸ뿪ѩɽɽѩɽͨһӺĺԼУźԽԽѩ
죬ǳԸһ뿪ѩɽӴѩɽŵѩСЩɽҲֻгԸһˡ
Ϧ̲׳ԸʲôСΪήĻᣬѧϰˤŪһˣԸȴʼնһ飬ڿȴƽ˺¡
ϦλɹԸǲĵȴڵˣ־òԸ׼ȷ˼˻ֻһ˵ѩɽ
ԸΪԸΪ⣬ϾԸʮ꣬һµʱ⣬ϦҲȥӡ
ɳԸȴڴϦ̵֪ϳİ˶Էȴû˶İ⣬ƽԴһ㣬ر塣
һգСĽɳ֣ԸС֣߳׷ϣȴ޶нĺ»̿־۵ףȴɵĮޱȡ
ܳһʱ䣬СܻҹﾪѣԸϦ̲ŶԷûвĺ£ɳԸȴһûҲǴʱʼϦ˳ԸһԵ
ÿһգԸĮϦ̿һδζԳԸʧ
ϦһһĿߣ˼ƮԶ˿־ʮףʦȴܻʮĵ֮ףԭʦƭ
Ҫ׽٣ɬЦЦǴε׽٣ʦһγܰɣȻôᱧô
ǣʦ𣿡
Ϧɫ仯˵Ը޵߲ͬڽѩɽһѩʱ˼仯Ӧġ
ڳԸСͽܻЩܲԸȻʧпƲסܵһѹȣҪնϺߣǶĵƵĻ޷͡
ңڳԸǸħСͽܵϣϢеһжָ𰸡
ԸΥԼԡ
뵽Ϧ̵ɫֱѿն֮ĺ߾ˣȻ˵նȥƨҵʱ޷罫ӳڣ
ɳԸСͽܱǰԸնɱħ𣬵ʱԸ뿪ָ꣬ĸСħޣ˼һ飬ֶԷħĺնɱֺڲѡ
Լ㳤Ըؾ䣬Լ˴˻ҲûĺúöԴСħޣֽ˼˻
Դٰ㰮
Įѩɽ¿˵ͽֻһжǳԸΪ׼ģҵƭ֮𣬼ǧ˺ͳԸУҲѶ顣
ĺ
ԸҲû뵽ΪʧȥΪȫϣһսףʧȥ׵ѹԴ壬Ҳץס˳ߵĻᡣ
Ϧ̶ԳԸǼΪģһϦ̿Ц׽ٺڵϣסҪĳԸųԸΪûͦ׻޲ܵԸǰǧԣȴֻдһ֣ҪԷԶ㣬ҲҪ˺
Ʋ֮ϣնϺߵĳԸʧȥ˿ʸԶѰļң̧֪ͷڵĵطȴ޷Է
ϦΪԸҲҪѰ;ϾԼȷ
Ƕιȥļĵ׷ѿ޷ȴ⵱ʱԼԼĿڣ˵ѵҶʮ꣬㹻ˡ
̣ûдһûд
Ϧ̿Цסȷʣƽ㣬ˣ
ЦҡҡͷûУǻָ˼䣬һҲ˵
Ϧ̳Ĭ֪˵ûдָ˼䣬ָһУ֪ԸҲԭ¶Է
һվһλã½ˣ˵˻ǳԸ
Ϧ̲ͬԸΪǿжµ·ƽ㣬㲻
İɫָתº
ԭѭĵĵƽ㣬𣿡
ҵѾˡֳԭϵĺߣǿнȴʧȥá
Ϧ̿ǿӺ˵̾õġ


71 
Ӻߵδɢ, ߺܿǰʧ˼Ϧ̵Ļԭλ, ÿտյ, ȴûȫ˼
Ϧ̽ںɽ, ڽ꣬ﲢİ
Խ󣬼ȥһխķ϶ֻͨһ, Ϧ, ϶, ӳǰһȾ޴Ľ, һ, һǺˣȻͬȴںһ
ˡϦ̺ͣǰ, ޷򿪽ţƽ㣬㽫ַ
Ϧ˵ַڿɫƵһ, ŵһɲ, ͬԴֳҫ۵Ĺ⡣
һûз϶ڻм俪һ, ƺͺ˱ָˣȫڵģ
Ϧ֮, Ѹٹϣڰͨ⡣
ܿõƺܽڽң˴ǽϿ̻ǳսԸܵʹ࣬ѪȺĿ¡
룬Ůӵʯ޺µŮһһҷֱվɫŮӵ࣬±ϦƵУֱɳԸϣһޣһׯȡ
վмıϴŵЦɢԡ
ʯߣʯ񲱲İɫͻȻ⣬ͬλ÷̣ҪסȸУָǴ͵Զ롣
ĵ׾һ£֪Ϊо̵ģȴȫ෴ĸо
ϦҲע⵽ı仯˵ƽ㣬Ҫģơ
ƺе񣬲ưӡǱԸͬĺӡҲ
ʸкܿʧʯϵӡǽͬλóӡǣ̻ʯϵĻһµʽԺԹߵݣվӽǣ¿ιȥ
ϦڽԼĴУڴ˴ҹһɸ¼µ鷿һ
ڽܴкԭϦƵ¸ĳɫ¼¼λ֮ףˡ
ľګһûϴһȺϼһ˵ʱΧЩߣ޲ܳЩһơ
Ϧ̲ԸٿߵɢоĻ
ǧһΣʱŻȻ
ڼ䣬صߵΣһڿһѡڶ߽һλһңߵؽţõơ
һУܴе֪һۣ˴ʣϦ̾Ȼдٻš
ӡ۾֮ٴʧݴԼģۿ˹Ŀ࣬ѰԼĵ
֮ǧǧĵҪߵ·
ϵԽԽǿϦ۳ĻҲȹЩ
ԭдȴ̫˯˹ȥ˯ѿվǰһʱûзӦ
ƽ㣿Ϧ̳ԴһЦЦַӦ˹ǿˡ
Ϧ̿ԼתĻϲ˵
һЩΪ㣬ĻӦǴ۷壬֮廹һ
ڵĴδȫʱѾãڿǶιȥ˹
⴫днƣδ֮ǰ޷뿪ڡ΢΢ü˵Ϧ̳˼һ
йءϦҳһ˷飬ݵǰ
ɢӹϲ̫˳
Ϧ̵ͷûҵĴɢڣΪҲ뻤ɽ֮Уʩ˰ƽķӡͦ񷣣Ӧ㵽Ҳɢ
ĴлὫ䣬ԴֺܿǻңƽΪһ¶ڴΪƣ֮壬Ӧܸ߳ڡ
ˡܹ⵱ʱʱԼҲ֪һʱ⣬ֻԽԽǿҵָϦ̵İ취
Ϧһ˳˾֮ڶȹõʱ⣬Ĺ¶ӦѰġ
ƽ㣬üЩ겢¶ܿԽԽãڵһһҲѡ·
ϦЦſο󣬱ȥİƽ㣬ڵҪºһЩ̫ᣬһΪ̹֮Ȼ̫׹ˡ
šӦǿдԼ˼֣ȴһһƮԺС
Ȿ飬һ񡣡Ӵһͬƾɵ飬Ͽһ
ԭȵĻֺСͼˣҴҿһ飬ǡñʦײ֮ûзˡ
ѽ⿪ȴֻҴҿۣӹ̫죬ֶ࣬㽫⻰˹ȥ
һġϦɨһۻԭԼرûвġ
µģʡ
Ϧҡͷǣʱɢˣ޷Щ
ǳԸŵģǸȲȣġô˵ϦȴĵװԸ۶࣬⻰ʵǳԸ͵ģȫɢ˽ȥǣǹõ
Ϧ̲²ⳤԸɢļ䣬ʩչȫٴɢų˲ȫȴû뵽ûꡣ
ɲϾֲϦ̹ǸСͼǰġ
֮ɢϦֿ̿Ļȴû˼ҪҲ˵޴ţԭΪԭдģ˷ˣʵΡ
ȿȣƽ㡣Ϧ̴л״̬΢΢ƿ벻ڣǿתһת
Ϧ̹εı뵽лɲʲôݣ˼ɢȴһֱ⻰ġ
æǿװ򶨵á
գǧ꣬仯ͣһѨеĻǳȻЩ벻𵱳ܵʹ
ֻͣ뵽ʦǲԵɵһӡĵףѾˣ˺ˣҲȫȻ
ʵ壬ȻҪ԰ﰢƽϦһͬͣ£Ȼ֪꣬ԽԽ
ۣٴ۾΢΢Ȼͣްд
겢¶뵽ѰİèǸ뿪ĹЩ֪꣬̽Сǿɺá
뿪ر㵽ϦѺɽĻ·ϣϦ̸ǰߣʢޣɫõļڣɽĻȻѤá
ûСԺµϦѺֻ̣ɹ̫İè֪ȥˣ
ɽûƽǱųͷʦˣҲǣӦѾˣСˡ
ϦߴߣϦѺϲվɽߴͻ֪ڲڡ
ɽ˰èбʻӵŵķĹĹдϦѺ̵ա
è忿Ĺϣע⵽΢΢̧ۣһ
ȴͣסŲʯϵ֣紵ɢķʻһƮҡţһжôůãȴֱİ
˲ĽŲ˿վǰŮӱӰͣ½ŲȷСʦ壿


72 Ĺ
ת, վ˶ߣ΢Сף
ǧȥϦģ, ȴ, ȥʱçײɬ, еƽͣء
ȷǰϦһĨЦ˵Сʦ壬ˡ
, ѴٿǸֵģ, ʱ㹻ľܹıһ, Ϧ׶˵İϤ, һʱ֪Ҫ˵Щʲô
Ϧûд˼, վԭصȴ˵֪ԼȻ࣬Сʦ뿪̫ͻȻûоǧı仯
Щɺãע⵽Ϧ׵Ϊ仯, ۷壬Ͼȴжļˣɴڵ䵽ڵӡ
ϦɫЩ, , ЦҡͷߵĹǰ, иղĻĹǰ֮èͷ, ԡ
ŶĹǰè˳紵˳ëˣֻԭϲ˴èֻһȴûĿϦ׵֡
èҲºࡣ
ϦɸߣͬǰһĻ˵ǰصĽţʮǰǸӻõСõơ
ڳֻϦ̵Ļ˾ϦѾĹǰվ˵Сʦʦ𣿡
ӭϦ׵Ŀ⣬ͷš
ϦѺ޳֮壬˵оͷʮ겢¡
֪ϦѺϷʲôЩɽкεȱ仯ֻһι˷ǡ
Ϧ̾˿Ϊǧʱɽ緢Ĵ¡
뿪󣬳ԸĵΤڸֻżصѩɽסƽʱг֮á
ǰһգΪףŵʱħΧ˷һͷħŮ볤ԸĵΤΪƣڵӲţûãյͬѶŵϦѩڴ˵ǸħŮӣ˽Է˱ΤԸͻȻֽ˴ߡ
ַ֮ΤֵڣϦѺһĪչ֮ʣħǱͻȻһϢҵεħ˱Τ
󽫽ʱ䣬ħɽ翪սΪΤԵʣбŹ˼
ħڣûԮħʤ㲻ǽڵİȴûȫΡ
кܴһԭΪΪ̫ϳϵĳԸŵһ˵ĳԸʼûг֣ûԴŻҲûҵ
ʮǰħͬʱڶ෽սŷɢսȴû뵽սս֮ǴսͻȻ˴ħ壬ƣڴ˴֮룬ʣްۼҴСĲʮ˳š
λߣڶΪӣħ޽һ˲䣬ԭλоͻȻѱ䣬һ˼ѸȥֻʣϦѺ̺һλϼء
ⲢЩǰԮŵҲдͻȻѱ䣬ħˣ˲ûҲѣɱд˼ս
뿪ųϴһߣµ˲࣬أⳡսУڳ˾䣬ϦѺΪʦסħ޺ͰͬʱϮһ䡣
ԭ˶ҪʧѾõĳԸȴͻȻ֣һֿɱסħޣһʧ
һս˭֪Լߵ˻᲻ͻȻѱ䣬ַڵǹַ֮˵
ֻʧȥΪŵһ˵ĳԸΪڴˮ֮С
Ϧõͳ·лıˣʦǰԸʢʻɽʦ𣬱㽫Լɽҩ壬̤һ
Ϧ߹СʦħѪʦ϶֪Ѿ£޷ıĹȥ֪֪ʦʲôɫңΪĳԸȴˣƺЩ˼
ڲһԼɽްͻӳ⣬ްʦ󷨴ʦʼţԷħͲ֮Ϯ
Ϧ̿ӻõСָϦhǵϦѺһֱϦѩӹڣɻ˳ѩأ
Ϧ׳Ĭ˺һ󣬴ӣ˵ʦ󣬸Ŷ̬ȼΪãʱʦΪڴڣƵĹͻȻת
ʮǿԽɽ٣Դ֣֮ѽʱƽϢŶڵ֣ʦһֱڱɣʮǰһʧɽ硣
ڵǶʦ㡣
סǰϦѩѸΪ˵û뵽Ϧѩ
ķɣܷΪ䣬׹ħϦѩһʧ˵ĿƲסˣֲˡ
ѡ˶뿪
ĵ׷һ˿ǧܷı仯̫࣬Щõļ䣬һɳľӣ£ȴһвͬˡ

èı仯ߵű߲˲ĽףοƵĽһ
Ϧ׿ŰèĶǿЦ˵ʦ뿪һֱ
èǲ̫ϦѺ̳èèһӱܳɹ̫ϦѺ̲󷨹ܻ꣬޷뿪УŰꡣ
뿪󷨺ܵСԺȴûҵɹ̫ϦѺ̣ںɽתһȦɽһᵽϤϢ
èûлΣȴתɽϦѺ̵ֵ֣Ĵͣ£צΪϦѺǸŮڹèè
ҵϦѺ̣ҪΣһŮˣҲҰԼ
ŬѰһŮ˵ĹУһĵ˹˵һ٣ִҴ뿪
ҵʱצİèȴԹĹǰոŵλãԭڿĵطѱϡ
Ϧҡҡͷ˵ŲʲôǷĹȴǵӿе֮ӣһֱ
ԭİè࣬ȥϦ̺ΪΪ˳ëֻɽץȴûлιҲ˵һ˻
һֻܳèһֹֻԵİèû֣ûˡ
èֻصĹǰºһţԼͷ
Ϧ׵ĽУ˽Щڷ£Ϧǰһս˾䣬ˣ˳һɽĻ
Ϧ׸벻ڣȴҲй䡣
Ϧ׿ɽıӰͻȻСʦ壬ڵ
ڵĴȻãϦѺϦѩʧ٣ٲˣ䣬Ҫһ֧ܳϣˡ
뿪ĽŲɣصѩɽȴһȫİĵطѩɽѩɽѩڻֳɣɽʻʢţɫ
ѩɽȴǧһסɽϵСԺҳ׷ǳ


73 
СϦhõƺ, գǰȥ
Ϧh̳֮λʱΪŸ˳ڣȥҲŴڵΪ
ʱϾ֮ʱһ徲ĵط, ϲкĵط, Ͱƽˮ, Ҳ˵
ˣħ֮սȻ𣬳ȴɷǳ֣ջΧһʿִµĹ¡
Ϧhڿջ¥, ߵ޹, ˿ֻһ·, ֻרעͨˮԴ
ǰ, ԸԴħ幬˳, ֱţնɱλ˳Ϻһλߣŵ˹ȥ˽Ʒһڲ, ˵Ŀҡҡȡ
شҶ֪ڣڵһŵĴڣԸһٿνŭ
ջ, ͣ˻ͷ, СԸʿվԡ
ɳԸ˵Щ˵ȱ߾Ǵڳ, ʵڿ£
ûһսʵڲ, ǶΣҵ˭ţ
һ󵹸սûʿǣûɵһŵϦѺ䣬ڳˣħ嶼ѱߣʵڿ¡
ɽڲϣǧʿԸڵɲ
Ըⳡħսûȫ⣬նɱЩӰٵذˣθҳеıߣ£˵һɴɱһǧɷŹһ
˭ҲΪһǳսбͬű̵ĵù
ԸҲȫȻţЩǵΤħϢ˭˲֪Ӳ棬ѵǹȻ𣿡
ûɻڴʦϦѩԳΤǸСħŮ¶ţԸأֱӽ˾ˣ
˵һ׮£Ըͽʱ˵СͽΤ츳Τѧ˺ЩΪȴ޳Ҫݸߣϰˣǲºôţ˺棬ʿԽΤ˲ӣ˵ΤںħЩ˺ԸԷӵΪǶ˼ص̷ӹա
һ˸̾Ҿ˵гʱûϢԭǱ˽ա
µ˼ӲǵһΤħݵˣֻǱԸ
ڶԴкͬţаħΣ̷֮أ˼ӶĪеСʦñ˺ڹ
λԣֻ˵м١
λ˵Եʿͣڳ֮ȴ˲²⣬ʱЩʿʵǺˣ
ҵ⼸ɽΪδδӵţ
һ˵һȺͬɻ
ɽ伣ǧ֮ã⼸ִսϣϸʿ֪Ҳ֡
ǳԸͽӵķɣڻǵã
ûûˣΪϺһս𵤣ؼҲһˣ
ʿЩǰĻæʵλĻӶȻǸˣҲ֪ȥ˺δ
ҡͷ˾ţЦҪλ˵ĵڶ¡
ǰЩӣһɽо˯Ȼ߿֮һӴɨһ߿һɫŮӣϸһ˾ʧǧӣ
ˣ²˯Ժ˰ɣǧǰϦؾжôܲϢ
ҡȣ˵˵ǰЩǰǲţֱϦh𣿡
ԭˮ淢ϦhȲ˵Ļ֮У˿ҡӶЦˣ̾˿СʦȷѾأȥǧᰵ·ϡ
ǧħսսħΪԴĴսԴݽߵĵطչ˭Ҳ֮Դ١
ˡ˻һͻȻ˵ǧ˽ħޣԸҲ
*
ǧᰳǣŮӶڿջ裬ŲǺܺãΪһˮǺãɫЩף
һϷ޾ӪСݣʿձΪߣɢ޾Ӷ࣬ս³Խѱ£û˻ȥһ岻õŮޡ
ȻŮҲҪ˰ˣŲˮָԼһ
ŮȻգû֪ʵݱԸû֪Ը˵ͼ
ǧᰳԶһħʿϢ˳ȥش˵ص˲þԭʿҲѸ뿪
յħ彫ҪϮϢû뵽ԷȻգͻȻһ𣬶ȻǺͷ
ֻʣ³ԸһˣϷʰСĶʰò࣬ԸҲһˮ뿪
սһ꿴˴˲˳ۣ仰û˵
Ըվڸߴ˫˵Ļ棬̾һָԭòɫɲ̫ã񽣺Ŵ¡
ͻȻս룬סΧħޣһħ޴ɱУҪûնɱħ֮ʱס
ԸǺ⣿
ŭʣһγԸܵնɱλϣ˵鵽в֮ĵ֤ݣû뵽ǣҳԸͽ⣬ԷȻ˵Ϊ˵ĵΤ˼֡
ɶ
Ը˵һЩ׵ĻҲڸ˲ɢ
û뵽γԸȻҹȻħˣԼΪ߾͸ΪΪˣ
ԸƳһۣһ仰û˵ħ޺ͬʱ𿪣ýֿħˣûסۺһħ޺ʿĿתϡ
һٴϮħ޲һ𣬻á
ʮּңԸһһҪ˵˴Ҫħ֮ˣͬʱҪסʱʱϮĹԭԳԸ˵һ׮£ˣĶЩ
ԶѰսһĻϦβ˵ѲɱСħŮɵԴ
޴
Ϧ̿ԸùҪ֮ˣֲԸ˺СħŮĲ£ֵ
ϦԾ޷ֻҪ߱סĻ壬뿪ڡ
ԭƶ֮ϣıԴԸ˵һ˳ԸǸ˳
һ·ϣ˲ٹڳԸºεȶĹ£гԸΪǸСħŮŵĴԣԲɾţ
ƽ㣬ԸϵǺܲȶƺˡϦ̿߳ԸȴԳԸʵǱ
ϦܸܿܵȻҲ˳
Ŵ򶷵ʱܳԸѾȴǸвСˡ
ΪԸ׷ֵħ˫̾˿ὣҪǰ
Ϧ̵˵ҪԸǱ
ƽ㣬㲻
˵ȥֹǡ
ս֮ϣԸħͬʱĸΪߣ񽣵һʿҪתסһ֮ʱĿȴǵǰһϤӰ
ͻȻڳԸһסħϮҹ𿪡
ɫɢ֮ɱ۵ħޣҪӳһԸȴͻȻӱסץסҪӽ֣һƫ˽Ƕȡ
ԭ׷ųԸŵħ֮˲䱻סɢڼ֮¶ɲݣͺһΪ


74 ʦ
һ˲, ΢¶ȺϤϢǻĶȻ᲻, ȴֻһ, ָֻƽȵƵʡ
ϦҪԸֵĻ, תѳԸĽ˳
ڳԸűûӦʱ׽֮ľջг, Ը, ƽʦ𡣡
һ, ΪԸͻȻĶ, ·ŵûɢζ, ԭϲĸоٴгȴƽ⣬һ˿ĪĲʡ
ڿųԸĿ
Ϧ̿Ϊס, ¶ãȻĳԸЦûƽ㣬͸
ƣԸû뵽, ջض, ɫǲ⡣
ƺûʲô仯ǰ, ȴƫƫʱһ۾ܿ⡣
ʦ𡣡Ӧ΢΢üͷ, ˵ŵΪס
ףԸΪĻһ£֡
ͷûٿԸתеɫϣԭҵսΪͻȻԼǿһĶͣ´򶷡
ħЩڱ֮ͬħ˼ȥû˿ԥѡˣΪ׵˲û׷ȥ
ԸնɱĳϣȻϳЩ֣ҲϳͻȻֵҪȶųԸ˺ܶ࣬лӳ
ע⵽ԸϺܻߣ·ûпһ㣬תϳˣҡҡͷؿҵ֮¡
ֱдһȻˣЦſ˳㿴һߵĳԸ֪ĻӳʦתҿҲãһһܲᱻ׺쳾ۡ
ԸɫԱЩһȴ֪˵̫ºˣҿԺɫһЩЩ˺˵˼ֱֲӲɡ
ĻʵָǶ˵ȴʱʱƫȥߵĳԸͲûֱָųԸ˵ˡ
ϦΪͬصͷǻ壬ҪߵǰŶԷһˡ
˿Ը׺ɫֿ򰵵ŲͼסߵֱӰһѡ
ƽ㣬һЩ
Ϧ̵Ļ˿֪ʱŲ˵Ϧ̣Ǳһ㣬ǡõڳԸ֮䡣
˿žͿˣԸͽǰʱƺЩε£ȻûжԼ֣չգ
ԸסߣסıӰƣû֡
ʦ㲻øҽܾ͡μʦЩ֣ԥһ£˵һϰ
ϲʦƣΪʱԼ۶᳤Ըգȴϣ׽һЩ
һжѾͬ
ԸһĻס˶ȴںʱǧ겻еһƽ
ƣҡԸҪʲôȴһα˴ϡ
ûһɫģڳԸֹ͵ĻǰЩͻȻ˵أ
ϦĬĬĵ׳ûɫ˰˸ӴŹϵܿеͼ
ȻϦ̣ҲȷǹûɫϳԸģϾԸ̬ʵˬ
ȻҲܿ˾ٵͼ˳ŶԷĻȥ⴦ս²ϣǡóأұһ
һ˵ǰЩСŷϢһΪǳԸ¾һ£ȻԸΪޱߣս浶ǹʵڲԸΪѡ
˵꣬Ϊ̾˿
ϦһקЦֱƽ㣬˵˼мҵķ緶
Ϧעһ̬תԼûܿҡҡͷ
ϦָָԸ㿴űһ
Ǹ۲ɫģ΢΢ҡҡͷȴûһ˿˼֪ԷûĻҲǣ곤ԸվھԶλãе˸顣
֮Щ˾ŲʮĴԣûޣƽԳԸҲǸˡ
ȷԸҪڵĻû뵽Ȼ˵ε˵ȷңʦ𡣡
һ۳ԸԷҪϵߣ˵֪ںδ
˵ǸҽСһ£СƽϲһˣҰһԱҵ
ҪʱĻǧᰳǶһֱߣӦûڡ
֪ˣл
֣ЦСС£ɫˣҪȥĻɲܵȥСѿܾˡ
˵ţ׼뿪֮»δȥҪһֹͽ֮¡
ֻ೤Ը˵ʱվֻ࣬˵ʱĻҪһЩˣ˼쳣
ԸÿҪһЩʱԶһЩʼձźʵľ롣
໰Ҫ˵ȴڿеƽʱͣ»ͷ֪οڡ
ãԸûʲôҪҪ˵ڴƳĬʦҪ֮£Ҫ뿪ˡ
ûеȵԸĻش𣬿˿ɫһ¿ܱҪ뿪ˡ
ԸͻȻǰס䣬һ£ͷ۳ԸĶüʦ㲻ס
ԼӳԸгһ˵ľ롣
лҪ˵òٲȻһĺͽ
㲻Ҫʦ𣡡Ըͷ˿յ֣ңϢΪȵʦ𡣡
̫ԸͻȻŴΪЩվȵĳԸֶ˶ȴûȥסԸ
ʦǲЩȥЪŵúáֳԸƺЩһܴӡ
Լ뷨ʵʣô˵Ҳһص񣬲ᱻһʹġ
Ȱǲ㣬ҿ԰ʦʦ㡣
ԭҪʦõģһ¾òףֱӽΤֲãһֱӸĿڽʦԸѾ޹أֻǸƺѡ
һߣԸȴΪͻȻһʦȵøüһֻϦ̶ӡ
Ϧֵ̯̫ˣǺ˷磿
ʦ𣿡һλٴο˿ɫ˵Ҫұˡ
ҪߣԸæ㵱Ҫߣ
㵽ǧΪۿЩ졣
εȷǧСµģһҲġ
Ͼµ̫ˣغǡҪĻͥϣ˵ֻаһߣ뵽ƽţ
ԸƣҲû˼ȥЩ
뿪·ϣϦڽβੲݣ˵ǻⶼԸȻû¡
Թ˵˰죬ſƽ㣬û뵽ҽ̣㻹ͦӵģ
ҡҡͷ˵ʦмңӦұ־롣
ȷйĳɷڣǰϦ˵װԴԸֱһĮıʵڲҲ֪ζһ
ԱߣĮȻ䵭ȴ޷ˡ


75 
ǧᰳһֱ, λãԭһƬҰƽأǧԭһ̫ƽĵط, Դħ޵, ˸ԽԽ, ˵ֿħ߱רŻһЩ˪ʱЪŵİ֮
ǧᰳǲ̫Զʿפ֮ؼţʱʿʩ࣬ÿճʩҩ֮ˡ
ս֮£
һƬȫ, һ˼֮
˶ĶΪսʧȥ԰Ŀ, еĲ, еȴ, ˴ˮԴ, ȴû㹻ĳʳ߱ЩˣǴ󲿷־ȴħ޽սϣʿһ˵, һչٷǲס
Ϧ̿ǰڵϵˣƣоƣ֮ɫϴ඼, һȴ˵, ľȻ̬
ǰЦģ, ȿıЩ޴İա
ʵ֮ˣǲ, һɽֱչأգǧȥ̣طġ
Щղͬûͨı죬ɹǵĿѣһ꣬ȴնʳϢȻ
ۿǳĴսǰһĻҪغϣһսУıЩա
обԶȥһϸСŮȺ֮Уͬ⴦룬ȴǡС
½׼õҩĵݸСһҩɡ
Сͷڰǰһ鰾ҩҪעҩ뿪
ĿС뿪СƶЬϣлͷ
Сʦ壿¿ԶϤ΢΢۾Ǿȡ
԰ʱЦԣͷѾǰĹصҽճأǡյϢ
Ϊߵÿ죬ǰᴭϰԴһȦΪѾȫ͸ЦСʦ˳ɽ٣
šͷǧʱڰµı仯Ǻܶ࣬վ￴ãΪʱͷ˶ߣڵУԶԵЩ󣬶¾һʱеӡ
ʱİǾϲȫȫԼ¶
ϦһЦӯӯŰ£ûдԷлϲ̾С£ͺ
ţܿһȦ
ҲŰµĿѰңûпʲôС£ôˣ
ºɿܣȷҷŲһ˵Ϣת˲
һˣ˿վڰߵϦ̣ɻﶨȻʿϦ̷֣ղų˱ֻϦ̡
ΪͬΪĳԸûܷϦ̵Ĵڣû뵽ѰϦܡ
ϦǷʲôȤ£ָԼĸӦǿһ˲䲶׽ҵϢ
Űµһ۱ߣֻԼ֮Ʈܿ㱻ȥ
š΢΢üһ˲쳣̾˿˵ҽ̫£һʱ㱣СʦĪҪ⡣
ްҡͷȻҲϣܶһע⵽Ϧ̣㲻ֻԼһ˽
Űƣɫǵ㳣շתڸսβˣǧᰴʱûкúϢ
ϢġæͣºƽĿ£ֵ˴ħ򽻽磬Ա࣬Сս²ϣڴͣİԽԽ࣬ұϾ֮ೣ
ϰ߻ڶʿ֮УԭһŴ˴Ļްϣް㳣ȥ֧ԮĵطڵͷˣֻǱսʺҽԱ㳣һ˿һЩա
ҪһЩ£֮УͬʦѧҽˣΪ価ౡ֮ġ
ҩϡȱҩҩֱֲҩ㳣ڰȥɽвҩ
֪̾ȷǰ£ս½ţǸ鷳ӣȻԼе¡
տɻҪҵҩģҲûб£һͬȥɽҩ
ȻЩħȥȴҲǰȫģԤ⵽£ħҲãʿҲãôˮķߣʵڲܲ
һЩ鷳СʦˡЩ˼ͷǲҪ鷳ģҩձҪãһҪæҹնȻԱʱڣûʱ
СʦҪã
µʣĬĬʱ䣬ʮ죬һЩ
ҽڴ˴ʵشԭ˵ذæģսֻʣȻҪա
һ㣬ּ֮ʦЩֹ֣ħսΪҲãԼסЩ֮Ҳã͸¶һ˿֡
Ϧһ£ⲢԸˣֻǶĿǰƵһЩ
³ҩɽΣһƬɭ֣ߵԶǳǳıϵȻλòһҲӦһƬɭֵһǡ
Сʦ壬жĪҪѣҹΣ֪Ҳ֪жȴһ顣
áӦ水հ˵ҩѰңҩںҹЩңǱʱʱƮһЩƺ߹ȥ
ΪƽºѰҩġ
ȴͣЩԶʱʱĿϣӳеķ˿¹ҫѩһƬ׵иԵôװȡ
ҵһͬҩģȶ֮ժѰҡ
ȥʱһͷںڵķȴһľţ˿ڼϣĴ΢΢ڵס˿ߡ
¾Сʦ̫һˣǺǰһᣬĿڿԼʱЦȴ˷ûеƽͣʱĥбƽͣȻ
ʱŵЦģȴڴʱǷЦ⣬ƳԸȫƽţǶº͵ƽ
ǧʱ̫ãһμСʦ廹ѩɽǳ䣬Ϊʧ£뽫˴ɽεģȴһµĳԸסͻѩɽȴû뵽һǧꡣ
һս𵤣վ֮пſɲףĬһһף󿴵ȴǿһ˵ѩɽ
С£ԶĹһ񣬱㻽һ
񣬿ڵλЩȵһɻʯͷµȥͻȻڿð¾һӦҪʩȴһůĻ
ٶȼ§סµһֻҩģһֻ˳ץסµ󣬡СһЩ
彩һ˲վ֣º룬ࡢлСʦ塣
лЦҡͷֽԼĹȰСЩɽزƽˤ
֮󣬰±רĲҩΪæ˵ЧҪһ˿࣬ΪϦһ߰æԭ򣬾ȻȰҵҩĻҪЩ
ûסջͰһͬصʿפϢĵطڵסλþһΪ֪Ϊʰӣµķܽ
˷ֿ׼طϦ̸ߣڰǰΣȴûٴαֵļ˼¡
սݣ㷢˲ԾͬϦ̶һۣɫвһ󷨣ˣ
էֽ֣˴ȥԷȴɶ㿪Ϯ֮˳ƽץסý󣬳˵ƣҡ
Ϥ˽ƣȵʦ𣿡
Ը߬Щʣ㾹ϲ𣿡
һ£յʦһ£Ϊ˲Ϣҹɫ΢ǰ카ˣԷһ˿䣬۽΢졣
Ը߬һƽʦ̫֮ãѧղԲ


76 ʧ
仰˵òز, һеһ޶ֻ⾲׵ҹУȾһ˿, ƮԸ, òԭء
ԸǴ, ǴûĻ㣬߳״̼
ǣûҡԸԳЦһһƽһֱڣûз֡
ʦһֱң΢΢ü, ǲ޳ɡ
Ըͷ, ҿˡ
ǲһֱ, 㲻֪ס˰, Զ֪
ʦ𣿡
ԲԾ, ỽһŸѾֵߣ޿ˡ
Ըйᣬֱֱ, еִֶ΢裬Ҫʦ𡣡
ҲҪʦ𡣡
΢΢üǿʦ𡣡
Ҳǣ
ԸɤӺ˳, ʼѹ, ˿Ҳֻǰ
֮ǰʩ˽磬û, ҹᱻ˲Ըӡ
ƫͷĬ̬ƺʹ˶ԷԸʼնһ, ݺ˹ȥ΢΢һĴ
ԸĹȱƽû˺֮·ǻһƿԸ˵ѷĪı仯Ȼ֪ǵĹȥǶѾȥˣ벻ΪʱڳԸĸ飬ΪʦİĽѾߵ˾ͷ
ԸƺԤϵҪ˵ڵĻȷ˵֪ģҲʦ𡣡
ÿɢİ׷ƣţ㵱治֪
ԸĻƺֻƺԼ
ʱؾָȫżʱ
ܹܲȶ΢
޿ˣҿһμ䡣
Ըץסֱۣŵʲô
Ը׷ʹУٴ֮ľ룬ߣӦǵĹȥ
ȻǶιȥ޷ᡣڳԸȵĿûͣ٣ţʦҲԵ
ʦȻԼǷʲôҲǷʲôһǷʦ֮ʦҪȻ岻ݴǡ
Ըҡͷ΢΢˰벽ҪҳЩûϤҵκβһ
ġ
üųԸϦվڳԸߣʦܲԾ
еʦԶƽģʦ𲻻ϲ󱯣ֻѩľף纣ƽԶƲˡ
ڶԷһһ⿪֮ʱҲƽģظεĶꡣ
ϦҲüɫʵĳԸһ̣ԸҲܱȥˣħ֮УƽԸҲʧء
ĳԸͬ
ƣڿʲô
һΣԸֱӽƵڴϣѹȥסδӦ֮ʱһʵ㷽ڿʲô
ֻˣΪǲԸϣ߾͸ֻԼϡ
ʦΣ޷ԸĽȰȷ֡
Ըһ𣬰ڴϣְסֵƣ˳ָ̽ھ֮С
ԸմȾŶں΢һ˲ڳԸ̽ѰɫĮȻʣһ˿ºʧ
Ϧ̿˳ԸĶԭŶԷ˵ʵǿ󣬿볤Ըһ
ȴֻüԸ̽
Цһ
ڳԸǿн֮ͣųԸͫӳųԸһû޴ɫ
ΪʲôԸ̽鵽Ľһ顣
Ӧ
׼ԵΣȴ˿ڣûзԸĶƽֻӳųԸģûбʦҪ𣿡
ԸҪжĶͣ٣һε뷨ɶ῿ϣƫƫͷȴܲ䵽Ըķ
ԵΪ̫ڳԸϢĲʸУ޷Ը֡
ơԸ߻š
ûлشԸĻûжһ£ƽƽ
ΪΣΪ䣿
ץ˽֣ƺҪԼǶС
ʦǿ𣿡ͣĶǰƶ˵磬ȴĴ̹ǡ
Ըҭס㵱ˣ
ⲻʦΪѡ·𣿡ųԸжһɲƿԸŴΪѹ̫Щ顣
ҵķ˿࣬΢΢סԸƽ˵һս𵤣ʦп׽𣿡
ѩɽ
ԸĲ˵ʱ΢΢еƽºͣôһ˲䣬ԸںϿԼ
Ҫȥ۾ȴһα㿪
ԸͣڿУԵ¶һЦȴԵÿɬޱȡ
ûпϦ̸ſڣû˿Ц
ҡǼȻ̹ҿˡ
Ըջ֣Լ۾ϣѩɽˮϿԼ˫ΪƵɫ
оį
뵽տһ˵ѩɽһصѩƵ»ڻʧɽˮϣƽˮ顣
ҡţҪġ
ǳ׽٣һڵߵʱһ̣ࡣ
ǿ׵֮סߣͻȻֵϦ̵סȥ·
ڿһ˵ѩɽ֮ϣԸһᵽ˻뺦£ʲô£ȴΨʡ
ʣϦ̡
ԸȻʵϦ
׷ߣţϦ̴㣬Ѿɢ𣿡
ΪλͻȻ֣Ϊ֮ǰδֹ
Ϧң
ԸƺЩˣɫᣬΪԸ˵ǲͬ˵ʲô
ƣ㲻ҪԸҡͷ˵Ϧ̵񷣣ʧˣû
ûֵģ
Ը״ΣϣģĿܣûпȥ
ƺں϶ǶѿĻ档
Ϧ̴˹Щԥҿ϶Ϧ̣ƽ㣬⸱ģòǷ˰ɣ
ĬţοȾʦ𣬵һգʦĿ⡣
ֻǧѣΪһ˵ı仯
εʦϦһֱڵġ
һֱڣԸȻһֱΪβ
Ϧ̣
ԸϦ̵֣ȴʼûмˡ
ŽҪҵϦ̵ĳԸҪ˵ȴܱϡ
ԸⲻķѰϦ̵ټԭĽƽվǰ
ʦǰ
Ը̧ȥȴʲôҲûпƭ𣿡


77 
ʦ, ҵĻ𣿡ûбܿԸߣ
Ըһ˲ʶԼʧ̬, 뵽Լ֮, ǹΪĸ, ɽпסºʧȥǰصеʣԵΪ׼¡
֪Ϧ̴סĽɫЯ뵽ģȻܶ, һбİ취ȫɢ
Ϊ·ġ
, Ըȶ, ֮ǰôõʱ, ҴδϦ, ûв˿
ûв㡣Ը˵ʱָ˼ִǰģ໰ҪͬϦ̽Ҫ, ˶ѡ
̫ҪϦˣҪϦΪʧô꣬Ϊڣѩɽ, ȴƫƫԸ
֪ͷ, ʦ˼ԻصѩɽȴֹѽѲ, ԸŲ֪µĳŵѩɽһһꡣ
Щȥ޷ȴͻȻ֪һֱ, ͬǻκһˣ¶޷ܡ
֪ԸûϦ̾ߵĻʦлϦҿ뿪
Ϧһ뿪Ļ棬Ը򿴲һ˶ſûסЦ˳û
ʦϦ˵ԡ
侲ĳԸһߵĶԼʱлָЦ⡣
ע£Ը˼һ̾ˣûпͬĻˡ
һ㷢Ϧ̵Ĵھͺˣ໰Ҫ˵ƫƫϦʱȫ˵ʱ֡
ǰŵһ֪Ϧ̵˼
Ϧʶʱ̫ڹȥʱǽƾһһ֪˴˵˼
һҹûܽԸиߣԸ;ţ۾ܾûиڸ˵Ļᡣ
뿪ʦԸߣѰһҲǲɣ뵽¾סڣųȥƱػŵԷʱҲѰ˻ݣҲһҹ
ڶգûԺ￴£뵽յΣµʱֻæ
ûȥŰ£·סһڵӣʶԷ֪֪ںδ
ⱻסĵǸģ֪ŵСʦ˴˴Ҳڴսм˶Էһ˪ķˣŵҡСʦ塣
СӱͰҲû˵˼ͷ̧ͷͿվߵĺŮˣԭõĻסԸҲڣ
Żֳֵˣʱ˳Ը˲ûзӦΪԷ
ûĿڳԸϣ˵ͷţҪ˵
СһЩصڵԺӲԶҪȥĻһֱǰ߱ˡ
˵꣬Сʲôԥſ˳ԸһۣĿַϣ˵Сʦ壬Ǹܡ
˶٣ƺ¶ĳ־ģӦ𡣡
Ըɱڲ˼ιȥ¼˲֪ߵﶼҪһңԸɱ
Сӵȷû˵ҹֶԲߣò׻صԺӺ󣬱յϢ
ƿһ˭ҲĳԸվǰϻһĨֵЦʵڿ¡
ſվŵĻˣԻš
ջЦӭ˽ţڹʱһ˿ԹΪ֮ⳤԸ뿪û뵽ָ˴ͽߡ
ΪѯʹǧᰵľԼܰЩʲôæ˳Щеķߵ顣
˵ʱ˶Ŀ˳ԸϣɶԷֻһԲţۣ治׼˵һ仰
ǾóԸп֪һЩⷴѵߵ飬ɳԸѡ̸ܶ
ֲ֣ΪԸֱ˦һΪΤģ˼ݲòϾԸһξ͵ġ
ҵСµʱ򣬼ЩǲãԲǧԽԽ࣬ԭﱸÿշŵʳȥס
̾࿼ǹ⣬ԭսһǱ߱Ƚϰ㣬ۼҲԸʱݵĳɽЩʵֽţˡ
ͷ˵Ļȥһˡ
ǰ˵Ҳ˵СҲСʵǿȥһ⣬һ˵ҲҪʱ䣬;ۼ˽֣ҲҪһ²ܸϻħ޶򲻶ʵڲ뿪
ңĿ˳Ըһۣ²뿪ԸƱҲţȻ֪«ʲôҩ
ףǧƽţ·;Ĳȷ̫࣬ʱ̫֪ħ᲻ٴδٽ
Ϧû˵ĿλϣƳɱĿĳԸȥ¡
˳Ϧ̵ĻԸĿڳԸϺ󣬳Ըӡ
ԸҲû£˼ϣЩ֮ҲΣȥˡ
Ҳǵ㣬ԥʦɷԸһˣ
ԸûֱӻشʵҪȥ𣿡
Ⲣ벻롣ҡͷǵαڴˡ
ǣԸĻﾫ׼ץס֣֪ʲôȥǡ
ջȥαŲ˳ԸϣһӾǧᰡ
Ķܿ죬ڶձѡͬеʮɼҵӣոǼýҪȥ˳ȥ
Ը뿪һ˸ţҪ鲢࣬ʱ䶼ڶղŵߡ
뿪³ȴƽԱ⣬ҪҲЩ뿪彡˶ģܾ;档
żҲʱʱһͬȥɽϲҩȵӴֹа֮ãűħ˫ս
ССս£˺ʿ˵࣬ħǱ߲֪ΪҲǳ˺ܿ죬ࡣ
⼸δССսУʿһЩ˵ΪɣЩ˲û¶̫ߣֻڰй۲š
գ۲һʱҵóһݸԷЩӡ󡣡
Ͻ˵мֻŵģüЩ⣿
˵³Եɣͷ⼸ս죬ÿζϵħ޶ͬһ˴˷ˮ⽫ɱ
պһע⣬ӷˡ
ҡҡͷڽݺ㲼˽磬̸ֽһ뿪
ȥ磬̤ڵԺӣͼһŮӼܵǰСʦ壡
Ůӻڴݣס䣬Сʦ壬ʦ㡢ʦˣ


78 ʧ
С²ˣס, ʱԺɹҩŮȻܻң˵仰ڴ, ס, οҪ, ˵
ҹʦ㷢һζҩģȥС߽賿˵ұʦһȥģɵʱǡҹ, 뽻һʱ, ʦ˵ܿ
Ů˵, 䲻ɽѧҽ, ΪͰʶԭżһȥѰҩ, հٶȣһʱ㹻ϻһֱҹĵû˻ֵ, ѰȥɽУȴϵˡ
з˴򶷺ۼһڵϵӹ, õǼ, ȷӦǰڻ֮µ
һֶصĵҩһΪ, ֮ʱɢζԽŨ
ŮӵĴĵط, ˲ɲҩλøһ㣬żбƮ
µζȸոЩҲ˵ûд
Сʦ壬Ҿ﷢˴򶷺ۼպߵ賿˵λã˵Ĳ佻սȴ
²óսпȥǰϵġ
̲ݻ׼ȥһҲҪϣͣ½ŲͬǵŮӣΣգвɥȥá
賿üͬСʦһȥ
ͬĿ£˵֪ж㣬ŲСʦðա
õġҡͷȥɭֵϤȻȥϢһ뿪ػңСµ󲻵á
賿ɫᣬʵĳƫ䵭˵ʱЩǣֻһǿŻŵģû̫ע⡣
⸱ӣԳԭģСʦ˵ʧ飿
ͷȵȻ֪
ΪŮǺŵĵӣʹµһûԼ
ǰû賿ˣڵڶ࣬ȫϹεĵҲ٣ȴûһйӡ
ϸ˵ݣһϤȴ벻
賿΢΢ͷûߣ֪ģҵʱš
˵Ķ죬һСģԺȷǸС
š賿ͷͬһһСׯԭζͰһˡ
ǸС»ͬһΣ˵Ǹﳤˣᰵ۸֣Ҫæȡ֡
Цµֺʺ㡣
ջǽҪһͬǰĹȰ˻ȥʵһȥаһЩ
ԽߣԽŨһϣǰС
Ϧ̸ߣűնڽµʬü˵Ҽǵû
ļУǧԭħ彻磬ȴΪƬɽָǼõ֮أɭƮţ硣
˵ʦǰħսȾѪɷ̫࣬ӡ
֪ӺζеĶƻĵĹȣҲƵϦɢǰֻûȫɺԣڶ֮¶ŵ̸˵طԹܹ˲ǣһвᱻС
Ϧһ·ѰţԽߣɥʧǵʬԽ࣬еɢҩҲԽԽء
ǣŽµĶڣԥһ˲뵽ʲô
Ϧ̿ڣʵ棿
ͷ˵û
Ϧȥûԥһͨ˹ȥͬϦ̽͵ʧ꣬䵽ط
ĳһħµĽؾ˴ΪΣҵʹڻϵʧЧҲΪʧ궼ûҵԭ
뵽ˣ˼ҹΣȻ֪ʲôطܸѶϢ
ѰţͻȻһӰ˳򶷡
˶Դ˴ȻİȻΪʵһȴܸĵƲ·硣
Ϧһ߹۲ţɫñЦߣµǸΪӰ֯еˡ
ڣ˵֯飬ͬǰħսϣʱӰ֯ͻȻ֣֣֮ħ֮֯УǳսԽԽһԭӰ֯ġ
վ·磬Ľ糤ֱԷĿڣȴڽʣһָʱͣ£Ҫ𣿡
˽ûȡߣϳԼЦϳҵģ
ӽñʱܻĴָ¡ϴЦ⣬Ϊλڴ˴
ˣֵ
˰֣ް˵ġ
Ǹҽ޹İɣһߣɡ
šŻûĵططܴûȫ߹ЩطȷûлϤ
ûлɻͬϦ̴˵Ǹȹҡ
ͬϦ̽ˣϦ̶ԻΪۣҲǡ
Ȼûƭǽڻԣƺħϣ״̬Ǻܺá
дʱ̫˲Ͻⶾ࣬ûʧȥǡʱİ״̬ǲã˺ۣһ;һ֮
СƣԼ˻һѡ
ǧ֮Ӱ֯е˱֪Ͱ¹ϵץסвԭ²ɻ룬ƫƫ˱ȥŻ˻
һ·֣˺أڽֺ󽥽˶飬ֲ˸Ϊߵʬܣȴ֪Ϊû뿪һѣڽ뵽ط˱˽
ε¸ιµҩˣȻʱ򣬰ȴж˻þС
Ϧ̿Űµ״̬ѣҪⶾ
ƽ㣬СµʶֻǡۻεҪȷ֮Σ
ͷ֪Ϧ˵ķΣգֻһӣﲻ㻵ˣȴҲȷͬһ·ϣֻ˼һ˲¶ģа취
˵˾˵ķӣﲢû飬ԸΪ˻ʱȴǿҵѹϮԸӰͻȻ
С˵Ŀڻϣ䵭ޱȡ
ѹֻԻһˣԸڿʱڿһˣû˿˵ס˻ĲӣûиĻᡣ
˲ѯʳԸΪλͻȻ׼ҵǰסԸĶʦ𣬲ɣ
ԸһۣᣬڿЦʱĮһ˿⣬˼֡
ﱻԸѹ˵ץסԸ֣˵治Ը֣鼱֮£˲ʦͽ֮ǿʹԸ֡
ԸŷסǽԲͣĻٿǰƺǺԼһûɿץס֡
̰ϵ¶ȣûֻĿɨʱ䵭˵㲻ƭ㡣


79 
Ը⻰˵òԡǽ, ԸĻЦŷվãЦųԸ
Ҳʶ, ڴ˵, Ҫ, αصȵڣЦס˻ϵ˿
Ըü֪˵أȴ֪ͬһ
ˡסϻЦĴ, ˵ʱֻСͽأ
ԸһЩ, Σյʲô˼
ڳԸƤָָ, ֲɫջ, Ǹ˼
Ķ׼ŭ˳Ը, ûĶԸҪٴζԻﶯֵ֣סһЩȰʦ, ҵȷʶ
Ըһִ֡
ִҪɱҲִҪס, ͬԸ͵ദ龰, ɳԸȴ϶ǻˣһ¡
һҪԸᶨĿ, ɫϾۼ, ԭտʯϹճǿ
ҪԶ
ϦҲʯϵ󷨣Ϧϵ󷨣û뵽ϻа󼴱ǸҲǽɵĴڣĳ޴Ӽأѣһ˴󣬱ᱻС
޵ףȴ٣뿪ⷽС磬д˵ȴûκ֪Ƿ
סκһˣҲ޷ѴڵǸڶס츳߲ȡ˻ԵĲ
û֪󵽵ܲס񣬿ɼ˶֮ܡ
Զʮǰ񷣹󣬴ɽ类Ϧ̼٣û뵽
ƽ㣬Ըûƭ㣬󡣡Ϧüͷ壬󷨣ѹûз֡
Ըܹ֮˵ȫϢʱؼκܲڡ
ƣҪԸ϶һָڻЦǰұɱ
Ĭһ˲ε԰ΪնץסЩﶼ˵ڴ˴ദ꣬ŶԷǰҲü١
ڳԸĽ֮ƫЩͷȻһӾܿ⴦󷨡
Ը˵ˣ
ⲼµģΪ˽
䵭ΣգԷ˵һֱҪնɱ
ЦҡҡͷΣûʲôϵɣ
˵ţﻹڳԸĽ֮ߵ࣬һִϣ˵Ҳǣ
Ը͵սнסϵ֣֡
ųԸԷָŻĽŲƫͷһۻ˵ͳԸȴ͵ضߣͬʱ֣Ȼ˳ȥ
³ԸУʼ·磬ŲòˣڳԸ뻨֮ʱǰͽץס񽣣ڻǰ
ԸĶסմѪҺ֮ʼ⣬Ը͵жŵΪΣ
ץס˵֣ŵ
Ը⣬һģеȴһδߣߡ
ԸڲȴûΪĻҡҪͬߣеȴۻк£ܷߣẦ㡣
Ըߣ۾ǰ˷ȴĻᶨҡͷʦᡣ
һ̵࣬ԳԸĵȻᣬ̹Ȼᡣ
һ֮УԸ˵Ķ뿪յĴû˿ԥ뿪˴˴
ԸԭҪȥ׷ģϣ޷һжϣֻ̬ȡ
޷ǰԻﶯ֣Ըڰж֮һ»Ҫ֮ˡ
û뿪µܲãʱӻħܿΪʧȥ־ʬ⡣
һҪȰµģ֪֪󷨣ѡȰ£վҲν
Ըûȥ׷һ
ȴסԸĶħҪų⣬ԸͰϵһ㣬ʱİ̫С̫вˡ
ԸסϦķ򵥣ͺ͵ҪΤһҪΣܵ˺
ȴȵ˻᲻ˣû
ʦҪ鷳һˡ
šԸÿһߡ
Ϧ̵֮½̽ڣȻȽӴʱ⵽˰ų⣬Լͣͼ¶ų⡣
Ч΢ʶųκ˵ĿɫԽʹࡣ
Ϧһüͷ⴦ĶΪ΢ѪɷԹγɵģЩΣգȴٶȰ»ָʶ
ԭΪհºõĹϵ̫ųû뵽ķľȻ֮ء
ѵƽ㣬㻽ԡ
Ϧ̣£ǣϰһߵ֣Լ˳ֱͽڣС¡
С±¡
ɡ
ԸһߣƽɫͰ½۵ϣе΢΢սȾЩį
¹Ȼİ²ųĿ˳ӵס
ڡϦ̵˳뵽˰ħ֮С
ͣ³ڷĻʳǡ
컨Ժǻʳܻӭ¥µĸԭ¥ĻȴΪ˰¶ٵǼΪŴӣһ˫۾ǺᣬԭΪͷƻǱŵģ˸۸
ҵǣĹʧУǹ˸ұưµĸ״ӣȴºӺٰ
һ꣬꣬ĸףһ˫ӺǺᣬͷסĸ׵䣬ǸСֿɰĹ
Ժ۸ĸŮĺܶ࣬ȴҲвԸ͵͵ǵģֵطǱǲҵġ
һֱڰߣѻСİ£СĸǼõģȻȴŮüá
ΪŮȡΪ£գϣŮԺʳǣ򵥶ƽԸ
Űһ쳤󣬰µĸҲæŰ£ССĹڰƼĸȴҳᣬҲ಻ĿСϡ
֣ڳԷʱóԵĲĸףֳЩõķˣȴԶͬķʱ¶Ľɫʵϲġ
ֻ֪Լĸף뽫õĶĸס
Ǹ粻ҪˣҲͷƻһƲЬָܽȥ
꣬¶ڰԺ轫ĸƵڵأĸŮһĲֵӴ֮ǵЩ
ǸŭӣɵЩöĵĿ⿴һСʱ۰µδʱݺսȭͷûа취ֻܱؿš
ͬڰ꣬һعصй˿ʹĸŮ˵ӣµĸȴסԼŮסС۾
Сĺûп֣Ǻ¼ˣҲֻץסĸ׵
ǿг˻Ľƣקס˵ĺ콫ݺڵϣӶ˿ŭ⣬


80 
Ϧ̺ͳԸһͬ, ԸϦ̣޷ܵںδ
Ŀʼǣŵİϣ, ֪㶢˶, Żߡ
Ϧ̡
ϦӦԸ, ȴɴû£
Ϧٴ˻ɣԸ̬Ȳ٣Ӱ֯ħ, һ, һһ, ԸҲ, ֪ܶ, ڹʲô
ϦҪһԸҪԼ˵Щʲôãȴһֱͷ̾һ, ˶¡
ʲô£Ϧüͷɲڵˣ
ȥĳԸʲô˵ʲôżЩ˵С˼, Ҳں, ֡
һһţ޷˴˹ͨ, ȴɽ˴ŪýӲ
ʱȴͻȻ, ΪǿƿħϣµĽģ⵽˷ɡ
ƽ㣿

Ϧ̺ͳԸͬʱȾ˺죬ŭδɢҡҡͷסҪסĶ¡
˵꣬һʩԻѰ¡
ڰµĹȥЩ鶼ʵģסħϣѹֵڽ֮󣬰»ôױǣѹ׼񵤡
ûио˷ŭֻǻǺݺݽ˵ϣ͸ĸ׵۾ͺƿһ¡
޷ʵĹȥζȹһģÿ»һһδ˽ߣһŭ⡣
һУܵ࣬ڰһЩһģֻ˳Ըϣ֪´ͬȴҲ룬֪ģ¶ĸϲͬĻӦ
ʼգֻΪԸһĶ
ѡ֣նȴ˳޽Ե´Ͳ׵ġ
ɰ¶һ޹ʯǰ´΢һһνڰҲǰµʹڰ޶˶
ǰ񣬿ǣʱǣᶨ췣޾ĺڰǻĥ־ģҲۣںڰУʹĥʱǿǽһ˿һ޲׹ĹУֿŶԺڰĺ¡
ڣΪ˹⡣
һμ£ǰȴѴ䣬ڰĶ죬¥మŮӣ˴¥дߡ
ʳǵˣҡһ䣬¥еСӱ˻ʳǵС
ױ䣬λõ˸ˣ顣
ֻĸڹйһĺӣڶʵ۱¥нӻķ糾Ůӣ˵Ķݺ½乬ҲºͰ档
һľԶ˰ºĸףÿվľŵһ棬ܹ˴˵ȴҲԷ
Ӳã乬Ӳ׹һµʱסҷľİԵҲ°֪ˡ
ƲŵľţҪƿȴ׳֣ͻأسٴαų⡣
һֱѰܹѰµķɰⳡ̫ˣħʽĹȥйأԻѡ
˵СǲԸģⳡޱߵʼĸ׵Ĵڡ
µĴǾĿѣĸ׵Զ뿪
һգСûľǰȵĸףÿһգûٵȵľźһˡ
һȥİµһ֮£һҹ͵͵ţҶѲ֮乬ǽͷҺõλãıһһķ
վֻǸС֮ǽͷ˵һںڰнס
ǰһĻסΪסǸǹȥ
һ˲䣬ͻȻ뵽ԼС
ʱ׷һֻܵԱɽĵʮͷڷһֻԱΪթ׷˺üǳأֻǡ·һ
еСΪǽǻ֣̿ץס죬кᣬȴڷӦ֮æ˳ǽǣͷҶӡ
ǹŲ֪ܵԱû̫۲Сע⵽Сĺ£ʣû˵
СҡҡͷŴûС
𣿡
͸ʱԼ۾Сͷֿҡͷ˵¡
ʱԼʲôҲ֪ûע⵽Сֻ֣ʶɨһȦԺӣ΢΢üʵ㷭ǽԺ𣿡
ţҰ
ʶɨһԺӣ΢΢üûסˣѾ˻ҡ
С߬䣬ŵһӺˣСӣȴ
ҪοСȴûа취Լ壬ʱʱԼóһŷСУҪ뿪ˣһֻµ֣Ǻ£ĬԼȥĵطȥ
Сǵܣ˵ȥ
һκĻ䣬ǸԱܵü죬׷˺üǳأʳͣµʱֻôִ࣬Ҵ뿪ٴοԶҲ벻Լ¡
ѰµתҲȻܹ岢ûٴαƳ
￪ʼʱʱڰߣλѰ³һ׮£꣬ʳз˾޴ת䣬ڻƼ
ʮһûҲû˽ͷؤշתһ¥֮С
ҵ˻ѰµķһĨл꣬л꾹Ȼǰĸ׵ģ΢Сȴһֱڰߣ˲л꣬һνµĸ״ǰڴħϡ
ħ֮УӰʧʮС¥֮мϤĸס
ʶʼѣһУСӰʧ񳤴˺µģ
ǰ˺ۿã
վߵŮֻģͰ߷ƣҪȰ¸ģʮ壬ʪ⡣
ỽС£㳤ˡ
ᣬδԼ׼һ죬ǰײײסŮˡ
Űµı˵ţС³ˣô꣬һֱء
һߣһʱѾȥʮһ졣
Ըһʱס̽ԷڣԼָ
Ϧȹ۲һ°µ״̬ѾħϣƳһ۳ԸЦƽ㣬ǲ֪⼸쳤Ըɫһһٲһ̲סҲȥѰ㡣
ҡҡͷԽˣȻ㵣㣬ȥЩ
Ϧ⻰˵ʵ⣬ǵ濴Ըˣ˺Ҫ棬ĹҲü١
ĵЩָһЩסԸĶ˵ˣʦԼԡ
Ըͣ¶û֣һۻδİ£ʣˡ
صްģСϷһĨĲл꣬˵껰
ԸĬһ˲͸һĨл꣬Ը˵ò̫ԣϦģܲΪ񷣵ԭ򣬶ĸ׵ĲлȻҲûвֻһֿܡ
л̫СˣСһܽ飬ҪĸŮ棬Ⲣһ׵£ѹֻô


81 
߲, ļֻɷȴˣʮ, һһ졣
һ, ǳֵʱ, Ҽһǰź
ʱиˡ
һ˵С̯ǰվСͯһŵΪۣ˿ƵѳĵΪÿӺܸɾ, ֵо, ȴֲⷲˡ
ҪһȺСΪרע, ǹ, СӶ̲ס˿ˮ, Ըͬˣֻרע˵ַԷһǹͼ
Զ̯λϣѵѡ, һСߣת׼ԸȴַŻߵ˲֪ʱܵûӰ
һȦ˵̯ǰ, һȺС֮ͯеĹ, ҡͷ̧, ߳䣬ᳶ, 濴˵ĹͷײߣоЦ⡣
ߵԸǰὫΪԸϣЦᡣ
ԸվȡСߣдŵǰЦŸԼϡ
ƣҲϲ
̯λ︶˵ͭ壬ΪΣ
סˣһῴԸָŴŵߡ
ųԸĶҡҡͷ˵߲ʺϰԸ
ԸͷʣΪΣ
źЩɵЦСǴģԸ
Ը̧𣬴㶿ʵǲ̫𣿡
ԸǲġЦŵͷԸֽߴãҡԴ˵ƴͿˣһֱһ𡣡
˵ЦҡͷõС˵ݸԸ˵СţҪԼѧôһЩŲᱻ۸
Ʋ۸ҡ
ſһۣЦҡͷ˵ԺˣҪһ֡
ԸҧһС꣬˺Ц˳⣬ŵĻصҺͰҪһӵġ
Цҡҡͷһ˵ݸ˵ڻСԺͶˡ
Ը뿪ŵС̯һ·ϣԸҧ˲˺Զ󣬳ԸͻȻͣ£źߣ˵ЩίƣҲСġ
֪ЦţοԸ񣬵ȻСˡ
šԸͷȸԾһЩ˵Ǿǻһֱһ𡣡
ܰԸߣҶϳ㡣˻󣬺֣Цˡ
ʱͻȻһһ죬Ѥõ̻ҹţԸͻȻȡºߣס̧֣ܵٵĵط
ԸЦ̻𣿡
ܺÿǰûм
̧ͬͷ̻סԸתƶ֮ϣ䣬ɢһЩƶ֮¿̻Ѥã˼䷱
곣˳쿵
Ϊʢµף
һͬƶ֮ϿⳡѤöݵ̻ȺɢȥСͯŸĸҡ
ؼһƬţһյһյͬչŵһ㣬ҹ
ƶˣӳŷȣ˾
Ըƫͷ߷£ŲЩỽơ
ӦƫͷԸͻȻסһߵ֣Ĵ
Ըǲǵģûб۾ڼľ㵵
ץס֣ĴͣòŲ
Ը㣿ȻԸûŲס֣մЩӨ߻Ĵϡ
ĴǶϲζ
ƣҪһԶԶ֡Ըߣд棬ʵǸ˵˼
ԸָŷҼһǰŵĵ˵ƣǷһǽᷢΪޣһһ𡣡
ûйֳԸͻֻǰԸ֪Ϊޣ
ԸкЦĳǾ޹˵ģֻе̫˺ģ
֪ģĸ֮ý֮Ե˻Ϊޣ֮Ϊޣ㣬ǻһҸһңҪһӵģǻԼĺӣ߹ܳ·
ƣ㣬ҪͬһͬᷢΪ޹һ㡣
ԸĻЦ⣬ЦģЦģȴټʣոն飬֪Ǻ⣿
ԸһμЦ˺ÿ΢֪֪ġ
㡣
Ը˵úֱףȻڷطෲ֮£ȴߣİֱס
ȴЩ˺ֻӳųԸһˣûбԸס̧𣬰ﳤԸÿǰ鷢˵ɰԸǡ
Ըֱֱɻ֮ǣ㴽֪ﲻԣʣβǣ
ָṴסԸķЦ˳ԸĴǲңǣͬһνǣȴ㹻ᡣ
Ըױ㱻ò񣬰סЩץסڿţЩӲ
һֵĸо֪˽εģĺᣬᵽԸԶС
ԸţԺһƬհףʱƮƺ֮Уƺᵽ˼£һһô˶ġ
㡣ˣж˷飬ǰˡ
ԸʪЩᴭţʣˣƣ֮ǰǹ𣿡
ΪԸĻЦ
ǵһΡ
ԸǵʪжЦ⣬밢ҲǵһΡ
˵꣬˿ֿ˿Լһѣƣ˵ҪµģǡҲǺ£ձǳ𣿡
ҪɫԸΪӭ괩ѣǼ¡ҡͷµһ꣬ͳԸһ˿ߣΪӭ굽ȴΪǻ
Ըȴִֵһģƣǽմ˴źɫңµһ꣬ȢңȻǳˡ
˵ţԸ߹˳ָסߣ仹һ˵ΪϵϺߣһӣమ˻ߵһ𡣡
ƣǽߵ˵һĺ߰ɣӽտʼϵϣúǵİ䳤ͳԸһԶԶֿ
ͳԸΪ˴ϵ˺ߣһ̿ʼºߵԣͳԸҪԶԶһ
߻ű˴˵İһһ䳤סˣԽ߱Խ೤
д۵ģͬٵһ̫ǻԶһ𣬲ġ
Ը˳ϵõĺߣЦԺֻҪᳶұ֣ͺ֮ǰǰһ
ᳶºߣԸ֪Ҫ£
򣿡Ըеĺ߻ӦС֪ġ
ֿЩԸ򣬰Ը𣿡
ᣬƽ𣿡Ըźߣֻһˡ
úסԸ󣬽һЩá
Ըֻ㡣


82 
ԸջǱס˶, һߴָԸڿʱį, ʱֱƽˡ
ʲôҲû˵, ûȰİ, ǷվΧǽתһȦ׼һλһƻٵ
Ϧ̿ųԸĶüδ, Ըٵһ߳ɵ, ΧʯڶΪһƶζ
ܵʯڵĻζ, , ǡÿջضĳԸ, ɻʦ𣿡
Ըܿߣת𴦣Ȼް˴ٵ, аա
ҡҡͷδ˷
Ӽ濪ʼϦ̱ע⵽Ըļ, ǧǳս, ԸΪҲ֡
ʱԸҪ㲻ʱһʱ䵲˳Ը, װⳤԸģʶķӦƭԼ
ҲڳԸȦסʱ, ȫԸܹʼ֮УڳԸΪϤģ޷ԡ
ʱһ˲סģǧẒּ́ȴͬȻ֪޿ܣȴǰľǶԳԸ仯ۣǻԸܡ
ܾԸΪķһԸ˽Ե볤Ըġ
ԸվǰߣǧһȫȫĿڳԸϣһ˲䣬ȻʦڿƮҡҶ޿š
ԸܸܵûбܻߣȴӣԼܻͷһȥ
ųԸʧҪ̧Σջûסڴߵ֣Լš
ʦ´ĪҪˡüûס˿ڡ
Ը˷Ц⣬Ƶң
ݲӦ˵Ļȷ̲סǳԸ
ǣʦˣҡͽӦõĵġһ£˵ʦһˣʦһҲ뿴㲻ϧԼ塣
ԼԸѾ˺õĹޣܹԽ磬ͬҲѳԸϣҪ˵ԼĻ
ԳԸ˵ֻһĹģɶǲһģ룬ÿһںˣϣԸҪٿˡ
ƽ㣬Сˡ
Ϧ̽ӵл˳ԸվԭûߵǰһӰ
۽ǹᣬٴοϲãǲòĲᡣ
Сʦ塣۽ǵᣬЩʡ
ڵġڰǰ밢úõ𣿡
µͷͰദʱ㹻ˣֻ򷨣ԵٴǸȴҲǰˡ
ǱáοͰ²ͬܿӰɢĹ⣬ǧʱ䣬ֻͨĻǣôСߵȻĵȫĻ
Ӵ֮ҲаĴڡ
סɢɳĻǣᣬɫסǣԸ㰲á
һףҪɢĳȾָʧ
һһᰲǡ
ԸסĨл꣬ͬĵĬĬΪ͸
סɢĳʱֺۿܵڰϢҪá
ġĵ࣬ϾûгȻܵЩӰ죬ûڰǰֳ
µͷ֪վĳԸֿһȦʣСʦǸ𣿡
װ˵˭뵽ʰµ׷ʲô
ԭϰ¶ԵɽѰҩİˣ鼱֮°ϵ֪һܲĵطǵʧǴ򲻹õİˣֻܶһѡ
ĶˣʦΪ׼İ񵤣һ·ܵУܵӰ콥׷
ͺͻ˵һ˿ܣûаնܵ˻һѣʱЩأڶԷָ·طﻨҽˡ
֮󣬰¾Ϊδȫħϡ
˵ͻͬ˵һɻȴûзϴ˴֮£ǹҪġ
һͬ뿪˴˴λȥΪʿ߸ӹעӰ٣ԼЩ˵е˭صĵˡ
Ƿݽ˵ееõ֤ʵЩ˱ҳȻͬʱ¾綾û£ǼĻᡣ
Ҳڻ֪Ըڽ񼴽͵ʱͻȻصģڣ׷ȥ֮Уٶȼ졣
ԸʼղԸ˵βԾԼΪλôٶ׼ȷҵģ֮⣬ǲӰ֮£ȴƫҪߡ
ڴ˴һ꣬ްλú뿪
ƫǧᰣԱƫӵݣݴ˵ɽӶ࣬Ǵ˵ɼңƹҵB
ǣջڡ
Ϧ̱һϵȷţûʲô飬ҹǵ氲һòŮӶڴˣ·ľƹȴһ
Ϧģ־Ȥһǵ̬ܿ֡
ڣͳԸվţúܴ󣬺ҹ紵ڴ̹ǡ
ǳԸηӣΪյؿųԸ뿪ǧа꣬һΣɳԸû뻨ｻ̸Ļᣬ׷˱뿪
һγԸû֣ܵȴЩۣ볤Ը򣬳ԸһҪ֣ڻֶĶࡣ
ʦΪסһѵŪ񵽵Ǻε˼
ԸΪѲ룬һͻȻӣҧԼôЩۣȴֲõųԸȥ
ĸоЩˣȥ³Ը˼飬ʦȥСʦãҲ
ʦء
ûйվڶĳԸΣת׼뿪
ԸסԥҲɱǸˣҡ
ƫͷųԸԸ֣̾ʦΪΪҪɱ𣿡
Ը֪ΪԭȴִΪҪɱŲҸġ
ʧҲ֪ʦΪζΪʦʲô˵
ʦ˵Ļ˵ˡ뵽ħ޿ĻųԸʦҪͬȥħ򣬶𣿡
Ըһע⵽˳ԸĶǴλóԸ׷Լ뿪ȴħ޵סҪ׷ȥԼ
׷ϳԸʱŻһҲħ޹˵ڵĻУһϢ
ħΤˣԸħΪѰҾ˵ķ˵ΤѾԸɱ˵ϣ˵ʵӰ֯ڵԵס
ȷϢǻ͵ǰģ֪˾ǺĿģȴЩŪ˳ԸΪһֱҪ
Ըͷԭֲ
ʦͬ˵滰𣿡
ҡԸ̧ͷįЦ⣬Ӧǡ


83 լ
ϦûпȥԸĶԻ, ҹԸٴηݣȫ˻עĹ»ҰΪ, лҪ˵, ˳
ʼո, ħ޿ϢȻҲ֪ϦǲȫŻģΪϢȴҲ˵ǲ⡣
ԸΪΪΣֻĳԸ, ŶԷΪ, ĳԸ, ȴʲôԸ˵, Χһ, ˭
Ըǳս֮ܵӰ죬֮󣬳ԸΪ֮ܵ𣬿ͬΪԸ˸, ڳԸǧĳУѾȶȫֵӰ졣
ѩɽû¶ȵģ, Ҫ˵仯, ֻǴǰһħ֮սʼĳԸѩɽԳ֤, Ӵ˱ģ
ҲǴʱʼԸʼɽϱչ, ںУںˮвŸܿƱԴǴʱʼģɽĺˮ֮С
ǰħ֮սԸܣԼóԸΤ
Ϧţ鶼ָΤԸħս֮ʼΤ֮Ŷ̶ǧʱ䣬Ѿĵز
ǻ⴫ߵϢΪ棬ԸҾΤķģһֱߣôֻһֿܣһ㣬ǶҪѰİæ
Ϧ㵽ЩȻҲ֪Ҫһ볤Ը˵ĻᣬȥΤֻǳԸôķʲô˵ʱΪֹĽޡ
ڣͳԸ֮ٴαð
̾һЩ䣬ִŶ͵䣬ʦҪȥˣҵȷʦҲҪͬ׽
תųԸѩ׵ķ˿͸¹쳣ۣģһͷ˵ķԵЩͻأ
ûΪԸЩʧģԳԸ¶ʧǰĽʦǼնҲ᲻õˡ
ʦԸ׽ˣȴԼ֮󣬿Цǣʦ׽ΪһˣΪȥˡ
ҪĲһ֣һӦʦԺʦ𲻱Ϊˡû̫仯˵ҲᣬҲϲʦܵĴ
ʦˣ
˵꣬ûٹܳԸΣת뿪˳Ը
ϦûȺܾãܿ볤Ը˵˻ϱû̫ı仯ϦЦЦ˵߰ɣǡʱ䷿
ƺ㵽Ը綩º䷿ϦҪο䣬ȴ֪˵͵͵۲ɫ糣Уһ˿į
Ϧĵ̾޷ڣҲ֪ʱԼ޷˵ʲôϦ̴ûо鰮ٵ֮ľЩĻԼд࣬鰮һ˶˵ãֻԼ߳
Ϧµķ£ȴ˼ˣһһˡ
ϦһҲľȷѡ񣬼֪ԷΤ֪ԷħˣҲȥһˡ
Ϊ˳ԸΤħħսܼͣΤһЩս
Ҳãһ˰ɡϦûзԣȥóԸˣԸʲôܡ
ҲĿģǰϦ׷һӰٵСͷĿ˹ǣطʧȥϢ˵ҵĵ̣Ϧױͳңڴ˵ʧ󣬲˲²BBȺϦhϦ׽ܣ˴׻֣޲ɱ֮ľ£֪˲١
Щħ֮սΪԸĹϵһΪελãҺڵĹϵ㲻Ϧhӱ࣬Ŷսûеһʱ׷
Ϧʧ۲²ⲻϣΪҼBȴδǰͻȻյBĴţֵǣԷʲôû˵ǿհ׵š
ǰ·ϣŵϦ״Ϣ·һˣʱ䲻ȴҲ㹻֮ۼûв鵽õϢ
Ӱ˱鲼㣬ħ֮жǵĴڣЩصüһ֪֯ʼһֱڶûȫ˽⡣
Ӱ֯еˣе⣬ûڻõʲôõϢǵ·ͬûɸЩ
ɻ̬Ҳ֣˵Ǹлȹȴֹ⽫󣬿ִ󷽷Լо֮ܵϢ
֪ʲôɫ߹ԼӰ֯עǼԼҲӡ֤˻Ļ
ȥһˣĹBϦ֮£ϦѺĹǰϦ˵һħ޴սΧ֮ʱB֮˻Ȼ䣬ȴס
Ҳ˵һ£ҲBģദһʱ䣬ʱܿBӣBɲˣȴǺõģٶ֮Ǽõġ
ûֱ˵ݰݷãװɢޣڳд̽һõϢȫBڼУҹլǰ
BûеõӦլǰˣͣڴ˴ÿֹ˰ʱһźɫҹµߡ
㣬ҪŽ𣿡
ĵܵܣۼС䣬Ϊƹۼ֮ˣֱӳ棬ͬ޷ϵB
ǰǣʵݹլȴûеȵBÿʱõĻشBδ顣
װ뿪ǣѰ˻ȴóȻլǡڳд̽Ϣ˽Ļ档
˽Ҫ࣬Ŀһ£Լһҹ̽լ
δլʤΪߣָϦ̣Ƕ㹻Ϥ꣬ŽѰBҵԺӴ󲿷ֵطϤ
˺Ҫһ˽լȫö࣬һʲôΣգҲܽҴ
B޷ϵϣϦǡڹҵĵʧȥټ֮䵽ûй֪
ǲΪҪŽģ֪Ϧ̣Ϧ̵һȤζҹ֮£ߣԭԼ䣬㴳˼ҲҪš
һ˲͵ݷˣϦ̿ҪŵģԲ˴ŷǽͷһĻ
һ˵ϣҲţۼұ㣬ڵһʱʹBΪҹš
BȴЦ˵ãҵֻͯذ죬ҹһأ˰ء
B˵ΪΣֻΪеĹأȴû뵽Ϊǽ׷ǽͷ˷㡣
Ҵ֮ߵÿһףѹ֪Ϥլۡȴ׽
ɵ֮ãǰ·оBԺӣҪұƽ࣬ͣԺӽ䡣
ԺӾˡ䴫˵
šͬûзɣ˺Ǿ裬ûֱӴBӣĴ̽ãûΣգСĿ˷š
ִһƫƫBûлӦһۣҪƿš
ĪҪšԸͻȻƴ˴İͣסǱŵڳԸʱס
ˡ


84 ҹ̽
ԸĵͻȻ, סĶŵ˶ԷѾվߵĳԸ, Щ͵Ը𣿡
ôҲ⣿
û뵽Ըֵ, Ըͬʱǧս, һΪɣа֮¡
ǧһʱԸҲǧᰣ˻ȥݲ£ֻڼ潻֮ʱֺȻ뿪
Ϊ֪, Ϊȥ볤Ը潻ǡɾ, ˵ΪǧǱѰҰ, ԸҲż˹ȥ
Ըԭ߶Ƿ, ˵, ڴˣвף
ȻûеġæҡͷЦ
ʵܲ˳ԸƽߣŲԶЩ
ڸڴܸʦ, ˵ģԭûмΪȻ뿪ˡ
ʦˣ
óԸҲڴ˴ɺϣ, ֪Ըһֱ, ȴûм˳ֹΪԼĻ˽ȥ, 治ٸˡ
ѰˡԸѯʵߣЩ, ֻеܵȴ޷ӡ
˵㡣
ϦûסЦǸƲĻǣôҲֻƼ
óԸ˵ûʵķǵģе˱ӡ
ʱĳԸ㣬Ķϣȴ޷ǰ˵ѣֻܹԹ˵Եɡ
Цˣ̣꣬ҲزȥǶʱ⣬ǰҲǵģ
ϰϦ̵ĴڣԷЦͻȻƽųԸ˵ʦ𲻱ңΪɣ»ҪʦģҲˡ
ˡԸҡͷҪͣȴֲ֪Ӻ˵ֻĪҪ˵
ֻǡ֪һЩйҵ£˴ǰ򵥡
ʦ֪ģ֪ԸҼûϵBڣΪԸΤ˵óԸע⵽ģҲֻˡ
Ըܲߣؾ¸ӣѰҪ˵
ûоܾҲûдӦԸ˵˵Žյķţת˻⣬ʱˣѾںδ
˵BӦûBϵãһBһűڰǰңʱҲϦʧܶӦϡ
ͻȻյBĴͬǴӹǶģBû뿪ңС
ҸдУһ֮ضлҵ󷨣B䷿УΪ޷֪̽Ƿˣƴ˵󷨲ãûѡԽصķʽ
Ը֪˵ģȴҲûʱɳԸ
լۡɽ¸ܵҡԸBԺеһƿǽصİ·
⴦Ըʾ˸ǰ·˲
ʦӦ˴Ϧ̰д˵Ը·죬ǰܿ·ϵΣںδ֪
ϦҲˣֻɻ󣬳Ըǲ뿪ѩɽģǧʱǶ֪ԸûլΪλϤ
ԸǴһ䰵֮УӦBе鷿Ϸһֽֽһδд֣һʵ֡
ıʼ
BĴţBּΪϤ
ָϣȥ֮̽УBڴ˴ɫܲɴЩ赹ȥִ֮B±ʱԥһ˲֡
ûнд꣬Լհ׵Ĵԡ
ֽϵʧûڴ˴ִҵġ
Ըվڰӵ˴˴֮ʼһվڽ䣬ӦǾ仰뿴㲻ٹǰ
ǧ仹δ̽Ѱ׷̾˷̽׷䡣
Ϧһߵͷɫǵ⣬дûӶˣ뵽׷֮飬ѧȴҪʩ˶֮ſɣδдйص֣Բʩչ˳
ЦϦŶȷ
̾ԭˣϦµؾּΪӾˡ
ǡԵˡҡͷɨվڰĳԸϣû뵽Լ뿪ʦ˵ġ
鷿Ҳ̫ѰһȦȴûڴ˴ҵõѶϢҵһŵľУԭΪҵBµϢƿ֮ȴü
ע⵽һߵĶΣ
ϦߣҲľĶ̿
俴һֹϱ鲻ǺܺãľзϣЩε㻹Լɡ
߽ľвСźܺһֽŷȴȫ꣬ǷţдźǼ̶̶࣬ʮ־˵ΣΣԼһº
Щֵ棬ֽдţӦBּд̫䵭ֱԹۼ¶࣬ǧдµBȵȣȫ黰
BдţΪѾ㹻ˣȴû뵽㻹ڱź߽дȤȻд˲
Ϊһ˵Щ˼ģԭֻΪû뵽鷿ΨһľŵľȻд飬ȴû뵽ˡ¡
Ҳǵһοд黰̾ԼǶ̫٣Щ죬ѵĲӦǼõġ
δ˭ܽһдֱϣϲ䵭Ȥ֮ˣҪдҲ޷д࣬ġ
BӦΪЩż鷿ýţ˼ٿҪżȴϦͻȻסҵһ¡
Ϧ̿ýζд鰮ıܼȴû뵽СҲһˣֵıҪȰ˺һд
Ӧͣ£俴һδżоҲһŲ𿪣ͬע俴飬ʵ㣬Ѳ⣿
Ϧ̵½ֽֽֽۣۣͬƴһ
侲Ķһʮ߷ţ۵ķͬƴһ˳ǰд˳ģÿƴɵҲͬƴ֮ȴûʲô𣬡㣬Ǻ⣬ΪҪƴһ𣿡
Ϧָ䣬ֽ
ʱûлشĻϦ˵佫ֽϣڽӴ֮ʱֽͻȻֳһƬ⣬ƴͼֽ֮Ϸֱֳһ֡
լȺףܵŶ˳
Ϧ̵Щ¶йϡ飬ֻкֽͬԴƴճЩ֡
լȺףܵһ飬Сף


85 
Bµ˼, լӦҲ㵽ԼʧȥϵȻѰͬԴ, ܹżϵ, , ڻؼķ
ֻլܵͨ˴вߴ·ҪҵϦҲ⡣
ʱԸͻȻӦڷΡ
Ρ۳ԸϺɫϦȻǻ̬ȴǺͳԸһ޶, ˡ
ĴԸϦ̵һͬɵ, ֮ǰ, Ϧ̽ԼΪȫɢ˴֮, ֮Ϊ˻Ϧ, ÷ֳһС¼ӹ˴֮Ϧ̽Ա䶯ЩÿһڵУŴ, ҲѰ˾Ԯ֮ڸԭ
Ϧɢ󣬳Ըͬ¼ԼϦ̽µӡŽصʯ, ˶, ֻҪǣ֮Ѱ˲¡
ƽ, ǼѷڳԸϦѵٴɫ, ޵ĺǼ٣꣬ණڳԸǴ
Ϧ̲Զźȫƾܻǲɢ޷æǼǵƵģ
ԸҲµ㣬ĺ»˻ȥϺͳԸһ³ֵʱֻһ˲ԣԸֿûסǣ
ͣŷΣѰ֮á
˵δ˴ĺУȴûпڣʩ
ɫɫڿдϦ̵Ľɫ˱ĽɫΧƹһ
˽׷ԽܵԽӣԸƽܵصٶҲԽ裬ȫ˽ҵܵƽһΪӵĻ֮֮ɢ
谵֮Уɫ϶£ֱסһ˵ûˮУסĽס
˵ˮѾЩǡˣȾźѪˮȻɼûˮ˵ţס˽ˮεǽڣ˫ķֱһɫ̶ǽ֮ϣѪˮһһζ£ֹ֮ͣɫ
ˮ֮ϦףϻڵķΣ˺۱鲼ȫڡ
ٵһվԭأһ̾ûһǰȥǰ˾
Щ㱣ߴϦױסƵµϣϦ˫۽ţ˯һ㡣
뵽Ϧ׵Ļ棬ʱϦײʮ꣬ǸһмƵŮߣǰЦãš
Ϧ׺ϦhһֻһѧϰҲһͬƴս
뵽һգںɽʻĹǰóһλСʦ壬˵ڵԼ
ˣȴԽԽ١
СסЩǰˣϦ׵Ľ̫ңҪѪȾˮأӲˮΣ޷ѣȴǱ˽˫ֶˮ֮УѪˮΪڴ˴ʧȥϢ
ϦĵطҲԶš
Į糤ԸʱҲߣĿƽһֳתָֺܿɡ
ۿϦhϦףǽܴӵһμϣƭΣǵĹϵȴڱ֮ټˣʮǰԶԶϦhһΣʱϦhƣеӵǰ棬ɫմѪ
ȴû뵽ٴμϦף¡
ԸˮεļڻϦʧȥ֧֮ǰնס˴ˮд˳ϦǰϦϣûºۼֻǴһϸС˿ڣֽһ顣
ɫڽűߣԸУ̽УǷܹȡΪ
ӦԼ˾޷ת£ޣ˱޷ȫȡΪ
̽ϦڣݽߣΪ١
Ǳ嵱СԸͻȻ˵һ˲ʩչ֮
ֵ˵񶾣ȡΪȻ˵Ļ֮УһЩǱȫ֮ɢ
֮£Ϧ΢ۣĻǼΪǰ
Сʦ壬Ը𡣡Ϧȿˣϣѣþò
ôŪˣ仹ڴ֮УСĻǼõģЩĴսҲúܺá
ǲ̫ÿϦЦԼڵϵ壬תĿַϣСʦ壬֪Ѱҵġ
üΪĻ˵ԼһǰϦ䷢һ죬ûţ۲һӺ¸BϦhΪСʱ鲻ϲBBϾӽ֮ؾ˳Ϊˡ
BĻȴ⣬ûзǸϵ˼ǰǡÿⳤҹУ˹ȥⳤıҪB˹ȥȴû뵽ټԷ˶࣬ҡ
ҴļƻϦ̾ʵB֪ⳤ⣬ңκ˶˭ģȻBΪʵȴķѣġ
Ϧ׷֮ǲҵӰˣһ˾ȻӰ֯ռݣʣµַΪɣBʹ
Ϧױ֮ܵĸǰһBڴ۸ӵ֮ܵҵϦףȴҲˣûܾ
ΪB㶯ϵֽҴ󲮲֪ӰٵߵĴڣֻΪһͬһսߣBľϦ׺á
Сʦ壬Ըʧȥʶ֮ǰǽB֮ܵС̾ЦȻҲԸϣȷҵĽ㣬ҲһϸĽ㡣
ȥBӡǲõģںĲ񷿣ڵϵĳޣһһͷϦhԶجΣɵȴ֣ǿ伷ңȻBڱϦh
еB׶񣬿ɺޣ޲ýԼĵܵøϾɱģʵȴˣBԸվҲҪ֮Ԯ֮󣬵һ뵽Ҳ
Сʦ壬Ҫʦ㣬һҲҪúõģҪ͵͵ޡϦϵĹԽԽҪԹ㣬ԺлĻȥǵĳ㡣
Ϧ׵ĻɢˣЦ뿪ģ뿪ǰ⿪СʱĽᣬȻʧ硣
ʿͷ˲ͬʿҪתҪԵϦȴûˣǱȡɢؾ۵Ŀܡ


86 ػ
Ϧ׻ɢ, ȴܽڴ˴Ϧ˵Bͬҵĳһ, ͬ, BլܵΪϤ, Խ㣬˵һֱƶţҵټ
һĪչ֮ʣͻȻ˴䣬ڶ౦֮óһԲ״ķ
Ϧ̴սЩ, ȵȻѰ̡
Ѱ, ﲻͬڼ򵥵Ѱ֮, Ӧʩ֮, Ѱ֮Ϣ, ҪѰ֮˵УѳʬҲܱѰ
ټڹȥ潣, 񷣽֮ϴƣɢ䣬ѰҲɴʧ
ҽ˵Ҫ֮ʱó, Ӧ˰ɣ
ǰǱ, ó˵ڳһֱ޷ҵլ, ϻȱ
Ѱ̡ԸȣȻҲû뵽ⶫۼ, Ȼ
俴Ѱ̵ݵУҲá
ʱ߸ŵǱˣ伴뵽Ѱ˵ıҲóѰۼҴഫһֱû͸¶֮ĲǶġ
ǰͳԸԸȻħǣһĳƺ˭˲֪ϵı϶̰࣬ͼһ
͸ˣʱڸ֮£Ӵ
СӣȱԺĪҪ⽻ˡе̾һ
ͷЦ֪ģӿЩʩѰˡ
شߣѰ̴һֱۼңȴûùһΣҼѰѰˣѲ档
Ѱ̷ģжѰ̣ҪѰ֮˵Ϣɻ̣ǲ֪Bİ֣ĿϦϣһѪΪ
ϦBͬͬĸ׽ܣѪBͬԴBϵ֮ܵ鷿BµϸһͬУѰתǰB߹·
Ѱ̵Ĵ·£Bܵ߹·׷ȥͬѰBˣûдݾߣѡ˹ȥ
լ֮ۡµܵΪӣѰ·ȫB߹·һ£գ׷BʱBǡֶһ׷İˣڰ
нŲ߽ϢذףߵĽŲڶԷҪߵ˴֮ʱȷˡ
ߵǰһЩλãѰͣڴ˴Ǳ˽Ųȴû뵽ͻȻܹѸٷӦǿBĹˣټ죬㣬ң
BѸ˶ǽߣˡ
ԭŵЩǽϺҲ˿ʱѵ״̬
Bǻһ߽ɨһüʵûµϢ
鷿ľǸ仹ЩûBĶ̫죬üʱB͵֣Ҫڴ˴
šBͷǿԼµϢûѰ𣿡
ܵӣǳѰҲ֣еѰ̣ûкܾȣ˿ûԥָ⣬ҵѪ
ѰЩ㿪BĶѣҵСˡ
BܿһȦ˲ʲôɫ˲ְЩϵĶЩǿŲѪֲʵǲԸҵġ
Բû𣿡
BߣʱҪõ϶Ĵ𰸣ȴһš
㡣ҲBĲԣҪȰȴֲ˵ڡ
С㡣̾˵ѣ޷ڴʱB˵ѡ
ѰһϦ׵Ѫ˳ΪӵBüģչϦ˵Ļ
Ѱ̹黹䣬Bǽ߱۾ʱᣬ·һ˲æǰס
㣿Щ֪룬㻹𣿡
BƺûĻ૵һûܻס
ҴĸһʼͶ곤ϦhϦ׽꣬Ϊ֮ʱܼ׷ɱƵΪľؾ֮УҲؾ
СڻҵңС֪Ҫżеǹǹ׶㣬ѷƵ˹Ⲽµ󷨵УжΪʧ£Ҳ
һõˣԼ󣬸գʲôԸ˵Ը⻤
ٴλص֮󣬼иӻң£ĸУѰh򱱺׽ֵ֮ø꣬ĸ˵⣬Bȴ֪Ǽһ˵ĹΪ
ʱ̫Сվһɵĳ࣬ûסǺͯĵܵã˹ؽ˺ڰĲ񷿣˿ţһĶ񶾵ģÿֻһͷһˮҪűȥǡ
ҪӣΪ˶ȨԶֵģҪƭˣͱҪƭСƭˣ˶֪ĺġ
ֻЩ˲ŲҪв˺Ϧhˡ
ǲȫģԶȥǡǵ֪ڣBǶɵģԸ׽߱¶ˣĹϵԸϦѺ̣ҲԸڡ
ϦѺ̣һϷֹ⽫ϢӵԼһɵĳϣǲ֪飬ȴԸB˵ŽС˳ȥBһλˣѰh򱱺׳Ӵ޴˶ˡ
գϦ˵Ǹ⣬ʵ֪£ӽһ̿ʼʱʱţ˭Ͳһֻ漰壬ǣ̫࣬һֱûкõĶֻᣬȴû뵽Ϧ׻Ϊ£䵽ЩС
˵BһҪһߵϦhϦףĸµң
ûвЩǲǾͲBͷ˶ӡ
BģʲôϦףҪƳȥϦױ㲻ȥƴһѣֱӴˮߣЩ˦׷ŵˣǲǾܽ˾ȳ
һлʲô壿
ѡỽһϦ׵˵ͬһ׽֮£޷ԭЩֵˣĴջκһˣС׶ȥ
֮ǳնа޾塣
ϦڣӦ֮£κһˣκһڵӣǶһҹȥ˵ȥһ̣˹·
B˴լԼйһҹٴγָֺֻģڽ֮ܵǰѾһ֡
ܾͳԸİȥѰϦhϦ׺úôϦhǰҸ˺
뿪լңһж޹ϵ
ǰÿBķţһǷһٷȴˣ㡣
áBЦЩͻȻħС
һ


87 ħ
һн, ųԸһͬǰħ
ȥħһ·ֺǧᰣغħ֮, Ҳħս֮, Ըûѡ·
ᴩ, ںһˣħĵط
һħĵؽ磬վںߣڴ˴ħˡ
סһ˵ͨ滧ЩħƺøһЩ, ħ֮ԹŨ, ٽе, չڴ˴ͶµĹ߸ǿ, ȵס
˴, ҹ䡣ԸʩΪЩ⣬͡
ջĿ⣬˵ħ򻷾ӣȴû뵽־
ħˡϦ̿۴˴ģ, ֮̾ǰƽ㳣Ϊħ꣬ʱħҪںЩ
ħ˵֮ѪΪΪ߱ǿ̭, , Ǻսɱħ޴µķʽܴ, һԲϱҪǽҲΪ֮صĻҲԽԽ
͸µˮ֮кϢ, ָܹ˵ص
ħս׷Ϊ併Ϣ֮꣬˵Ҳ滷ãԸ˵񷣹ؼɢؾָۣ֮ħһص
ɶʮʱ̫˵ϣɢȥ⸱ģԸߵħУڴ˵صͨħ˶ǵĳֲûнֻƿߡ
ߵϢ̫أΪָߣ֪Ƕֵ£Ǳûκζ
Ը˴棬һ·߹ǿ൹·߼ݵħϻǴˣֻǲʹǡţȴԮ֡
ͣµĵطۼһȺڣЩ˹ڴһ֮£ꡣ
еĵ̵һֳƵŮӣѾõԭ򣬿ݣȴһơ
ǰħɢ޷棬ħħԽǧᰣҪֳµĵؽ磬ǳսʼԭ򡣡
ʧ䣬ʧȥħ֮޷棬ǱƬħ֮ء
ֳƵĵһֱִΪԼ˴ӡ֤ȴ޷¡
ĿƵధħϣ뵽ͬΪӦҪĳԸʵ䲻𣿡
ûпԸĿʼû뿪ЩڣԸ̯ƣ󺣰ɫתģǰħǧһսħȥ
ԸԼƶˣϸܵ˿£жʱһһ󻶺
ΪȶǰƵ¸ħ˴ɢȥǱ˺ǰһѡ񡣡
ϦڳԸĻºüԸǴδ٣𣬿֮µĸȴдϣʮûԸﲻԣΪλάħĸ֧š
ʦΪ֮ࣿͬ뵽˴֪Ըǳɢ࣬˽ɢ֮ۿǳ񷣺ȴҲײˡ
ؼ֮ԭֻһƺ֮УƹܲעŴ˽ɢ֮ǿ󣬿ɢͬήɢĸ⸣ıԴָܻ֮Թ죬޷ⳡָ֮аڳԸı֮Դɢ
񷣣ɢȥıԴһ󲿷˳ԸŵĺУָܾĸӦǡ
Ը߶ϣγֻ̾ˡ
ֱʲôԸ˵ģ׷׵ӣŶ治Ը˵ĳԸƲ뿪˴ħ弸ԽΪѰһ֮أȴΪһֱڸ
ħȱķѡԸͣħһЩ˽⣬ԥش⡣
ԳԸնǰսħ֮ħϵǳ֮òſʼԽħؽĶ
ħħһ£صħħϣãħ̶ֻ̼λֲ֪꣬Ϊ伣ħħַΪ˺üɣƾУ˵ħ֮λ
Τħ壬ˣܹħλãѪħϵĴڣ°빦һħ֮ʱעλá
ƶ֮۶ɵ壬̺֮ǰõǵ̽Τ֮ԭ򣬳ԸӡѹΤħ壬Τħˣͻ֮£ӡɶΤħų˷ɡ
Ը˵Τ֮Ů˵ΤԭݣħƸ޷Ĵڣ޷ԭ
ħѹ飬ħ廹𣿡
Τѵħ֮λʵȴж׵ˣܲħ˵һ仰
ʵȴǣΤħ֮λħ֮ԽƵ֮ǰССֱɱĳַħ幥֮ơ
޷ħ֮ս档˵ħ֮⣬פصħˣΧԸ̾ˡ
ͷħͣ˶棬ʾĪҪ֣˿üͷ΢ţĿڳԸϣħ
ħ޽ƺܼɵԸ˵ʱ̬Ⱥǹ˿ð֮⡣
ϵǰħޣǵǸؾ֮ͷħޣ
ʱħйһս֪ħѹΪȴû뵽˾ȻͬԽɽ׵ߣû뵽ٴμȻڵ¡
ȻҲϳԣԸ˭νԸ뿪ħΪ˰ħѰҾֻ֮Ҫܾħ˭ҩν
ϲԣȴЩȵģôħ嵱УȴҲ֪һЩ£֪ˣؾйһսŮһ֮֮ǰ
ʱΧŵӲץȻҲ֪ǳԸĵӣ˵Ը令һ˵ȴû뵽ԸὫ˴
ɫЩ֣ħΧ֮ʱ˿̿ɫȴЩ֡
˵ָоһСʯ˰Ȳɽʯ֮ϣû˿Ӱ죬ȴ⡯ط
ᵭȴºۼ
ħ֮ض˵ΣյģӴӦ볤Ը￪ʼ׼Σգħ֮սңܴгһ֪ǰ·ǵɽҲѡ߹ȥ
ħᷢ£ħ˶ų⣬֮෴ǣһ·ΪԼħޣĸ඼ħ˵Ĳף˻ǵҪͨ˸ѡ
ԽΪЩӼᶨһҪΤ뷨ӦԸһ̿ħ֮սǳԸ
ڿЩ涼άֵħֶ֮˷ݴѽԼλȥȴΪЩܵĿѶš
͸޷裬ΤǸı״ضҪߵһ


88 
ħ, ǰ·
ûеƣŵʯʯשϵĽŲ
Ըǻٵģħ䵭Щ, ǰ·, ȴƺûҪ˽˼
ڳԸ, Ŀڴĵһ
һ⣬ڿտֺڰĴԵú΢СžڰĻ뵽Ƕӡ
΢һξλͣ£, ˴ˡ
֮нһ˿λ, Τ, Ŀ, ʾ뿪
ΤϦ̾ȵ, ڼֹһΤ̽ڹħʱϦ̱Τݲ򵥡
ȴû뵽صħΤһģϵħ, ȫ
ʦ𡣡ڴŮڽŲȫʧ֮󿪿ڣĿڳԸϣҪվȴһ˲, ֻܻҵþá
дЩԹ, ȫĴڣԹõһ㡣
Ը̾, йԴ
ڹ֮¼Ϊҫۣյʷǳ, ȥȫǽʯݻޱȡ
й֮ɫڴŮ֮ɫͬ
˲Ĺ̫ۣΤס۾Ӧš
ԸĶüдЩΣµĻƣͬ㽲𣿡
ſڴ֮ˣΤɫЩ԰ףΪԲһ޳塣
ֵϵħϴ޷ھת۵ԪӤ֮ϣħɢͬʱڲͣµħڣɢ
Τħ壬ΪʶǶõģȴͬڲͣ©һ㣬նħֻ©٣޷ڡ
ʦ˵ܿһȥꡭΤԹţĿվһߵϣЦʦʦѰˡ
õĲʾ䣬һǰԹԸģдЦ⡣
һۣ˶ߣΤڳԸȻй¶һ˿ܵԳԸϢΪУԲ
ǰϦ̱²⣬ΤĳЩ⣬ҪָܻԸȣ޷ָŻҵͬܶæ
֮˫֮մȾϱ˴˵ϢΤϱųԸϢ֮ԽŨ
ߵΤߣĿԭ΢ϣЩ죬ͣþһЩ
Τע⵽ʦϲﻹ࣬㡣
ջĿ⣬ҡͷֻǾЩ죬ħˡ
룬ջǳƺΤΪħ
ʦʦõġΤƺЩʧ䣬ó૵ΪʦĹϵʦ㲻׽ô
ҡҡͷ˵ˣڣһʦáʦﶼ޹ϵֻħװˡ
ΤȻûжڳԸǰܻ䣬Τƽֻھ¡
ΤչЦգԭҲѩɽģֻЩ̫ˣҲûлȥ
ʦ֪ѩɽΣ
һ˲뵽ѩڻɫ԰ѩ֮ɽ۵ɽɫ
лᣬȥ
Τ˽ĿƵԸϣûĿȥߵĳԸԴ
Ϧ̴ߣֹţҿûӦѩɽ
ЩΤģرΤʱӣʮֲˬ
ͬĿϦ̶ϣϦεһģ
˺ˣƽ㣬쿴ΡϦ̿Τ볤ԸǱüĿģʼߴΤ
ཻ뵱´ͬΤų⣬ױ̽ڡ
ܿϦ̿ɫ̫ԾʵΣ
岢ر𣬾ֻǡԪӤϷŽƣȫʦš
ƿһ˿ԸµƣʱΤɫò԰ԪӤѿһ϶׵֮Ҳһ̣ط仯ǿ׵֮Ͽտʼۼ޲ѷ죬ɢȥ·ûз仯һ㡣
Τڴ֪ʱ߬ס˳Ը䣬ʦ𡭡ۡ
Ը̾ᵭ΢ûΤõġ
˶һȵǡ췣֮٣
Υ֮˲Ż췣췣µ𷣣統֮ʱԸնϺߺ췣һ㣬Τ췣ҪأȻܱƵȡѹΪͣ޳֮ǰڲϢҪ
ص𷣣ӦΥŻˡ
Τħ壬ΪҪһħ˸죬Ҳǿ췣
ϦͬɻΤħΪ⣬ִģڶȡΪ֮£Ѫ٣˵µɱ࣬㣬Ϊλᱻ˵жԡ
֮ҲͬԴֻסϢԸĵԭΤΪϾڲͣʱһԸΤ˿и췣׽֮¡
˺£ʵ
ԸΤһۣߣдһ˿ƽį֮
ΤȴʦҪҲһġ
ԸûнΤĻĿֿ㱼䣬͸¶ĳԸŻе
ƣֻܰˡ
ͬԴֻܰΤܿȡ췣֮ס
ƽ㣬˼СΤΪ⣬δȫָԭľ磬ܶõޣҪΤζҪܶõȫ뵽ΤڣΤԪӤ
ʩ֮ʱȫûԱħһ⣬롣
ջӦ˳Ը˵ʦϣæ֮£ض岻ݴǣʧԼ֮ˡ
ˣ뿪˵ţԸʩ֮ǰ⿪֮ǰܹĽ硣
֮ȫļһ̽ΤڣƳԸƷӡΤԪӤ֮ǰԼȥڽӴһ˲䣬֮ѿԪӤֹͣѣԿá
֮ϵۣڻϢ
ͬӡΤԪӤֹۡ
ƽ㣬ΣϦ̵ǵ
Ϊƾ֣Ȼܸܵġ
ҡҡͷҽΤڣΤոõ
ΤħЩҲΪͬԴ֮ѾȫΤλã׽ٽ֮ǰĵӣؽⳡ췣䡣
һʱ䣬Ϧ̽ע״̬ʱʱյƣд𰸣ٶȣ֮ܶõܸ࣬ϡ
һߣԸȻҲԽûѧķסΤԪӤϢͬԴסĸ֪
޷֣֮Ѿȫǡ
Ը˿ԪӤʧȥʹΤȥŬм췣۵ĳ̶ȡ
Ըе궯˿ǾᡢģӦУվԭûж
Ϧ̲ԸĶûɻųԸԸ
ϧվֻһ̬Ը಻Ӧ
Τŵʹǳܣۣ֮ʦ𡭡
Ը񽣣Τд
Ҫ
ƽ㣡
ԸĽĿڵλã۵ɢϦ̾ʧصߣӰʧ
ɢķɵһѪϡ
ۣǽԼĿλõˣʦ𣿡


89 
δǰһĳ, ֪ħһвףᱻų⣬ϾŴڵĵ, ħϡ
ħʦ, ʦĵ, ʦйһκԵ⵽ħ˲ϲӦõġ
±ħ֮Уħ·ܴѰһ·
ħ֮д֪ǽԼ¶Σ֮, δ¹, Ҫ帺ȥ͸֧ܶõ, ಻η塣
һеһ, Դ˵Ρ
ΪгԸ, ˼ɽԼеĴչ֣ûκη͸֧Լ
ûᣬֻᶨˣŽԼĿڵ, ҽĿ⿴
Ըʱųͣһ£Ŀϣȴƫͷߡ
Ŀڵλýһ֡
ӴѪҺ⣬º͡
ͬԴ, 㱼˲֪ǰĻ档
絭, ӳƽĺ֮ϡ
볤Ըһͬͣں棬²Ųĺ档
Ըһɫĳ, ƣ˽Ϊ
Ҫմ, Ұһ㣬Զ㡣
Цɫĳ˽ɳԸΪԴ񽣣飬Ϊ
ԸǡҲһ㡣
ƶ˻һ뺣һɫµĳ͵ԸǰͬΪԴ񽣡
˽ԸϲסͬԴ񽣡
ЦţֻгԸһˣ㣬ɰԸΪȡ
ԸһչЦգ谢ưҲһ񽣣Ǳ㻻ɺã
ǻԶһ𡣡
ͬԴҲͬԴܹ״Ŀڣֻϸ΢ɵۣȴƵԽ
Ը񽣣ԽΪȡͷһѪΤڡ
ĶûԥǶĻ仹Ҫ죬ֻ֮䣬ɢ
ʧȥͷѪʹ׽ӹ˳񽣻ĿڣԸƫͷҿ
ۣʧţ񡭡
ԸĻ͵ػعͷѻգȴĻȾһ˿ϲƣˣ
ûлشԸĻΪմѪȫϣһֻ
Ҫ̧ȥһ񽣣ɱޱȼӲȴ̼ζѣǰ׹䡣
ڵϵĶϽһû࣬Ҳ˳ԸһֱάϵĮ
ԸڵϵϽڻŵվߵǻֺ̿¡
֣ҪȥȴҪƣҡ
ԸҪͬͣǹҪģҪ˺ġ
вòɣԸڻҼ俴ڻָΤָƣҲǡ
вòɣһҪģ
һҪ
Ҫͬ͵ģΪһнΤҲֻˡ
ԸԹû뵽񽣾Ȼѣǰ
ĽˣջףҪˡ
ԸҵʧǣҪͬͣҪеȫϣܹԭһҪԭ
齣ĵ׻صţ˳ԸԸĿƽųԸ״Ҫ͵ģ
ɳԸĻվû˵ڣõͷѪԶȡΤɢȥ֮ϵҲͬԴ⣬ʧȥԪӤõ޸
ֻ״̬ڴ˳Ը䣬ʦԼҪ𣿡
Ը͵ضסͣԭأһξӣ໰Ҫ˵ȴһֽеĻ˻ȥֻСʵ㡢𣿡
벻ⲻҪˡȡһֱǰɫ׹ǵ곤ԸǸڲýܶõһϢһ޸գʦȴ˵Ҫӵ
׹УûֽԼ޲õĵ׹飬ƽ㡣
Ըǵ׹ǰĩм䣬ֹʸûУֻš
Ҫסģ뵽ֹһ̣뵽ѩɽԼ׿˵ĻԼ˵ҪˣҪġ
ûʸֹֻܾŵ׹ǰΪᵭɫԼ׵ʧ
ǶԳԸʧ˵ģδԸὫһĿڣûڴʱǵĹϵ
ΪʲôƫƫǳԸƫƫΪࡣ
ԸҪȡͷѪһʼ֪ԼͷѪֹܹ췣֮ףҪƭ
ʦȡͷѪʱԳţΪʦ֪Ը÷㹦ֻҪ˵ˣһġ
ԸģɳԸƫƫѡƭƫƫΪ˶֡
˺أδȫ壬Ĵ͸ԼԸһʹ쳣վЩҪվˡ
ϦɢϦ̱ʧȥά꣬ʧ
Ϧ̲£ֻصڣֻǱͻƶ֮ϣΪԭϦ̣һӡ
ԸȥסȴжֹĶԸ˿ԸվȵҲҪԸ
ƣҡҲǡԸܾҪƽɫͣ¶
ΤȻ࣬ͷѪ̺֮ŵǿԺָܿԪӤȡ飬ܿ׽ֱӿԽɽס
ʯ棬Ųᣬͣڶŵ˲ԶͻȻʲô˵ҺȻ½ǰЩҲħ򡣡
ĻɹͳԸĶţϵƽƣҵ˵ʲô
ԸͬתȵΪڴ˴
ʦΪ㾪ȡΤָ˳Ըһۣ˼һش˵ѰʦģҪʦ絽һЩ
Сҵܣؿ˵ʹֻŶΤ
ʦ½ϵܺáΤЦţ󻺻˵½ҽȺħ˻ڶ࣬Ȼȥæˡ
ΤƮƮ˵ڵİæǿվ𣬡
Τ˵һص㣬ҪϹȥԸȴһסģȰȥѰûµġ
ܿģһܿ
˵ܾ꣬ش뿪ųԸȻȥǰӰỽ
ɫӦɳֱָԸڳԸǰǰʯϣסԸȥ·
ĽڳԸһϸС˿ڣԸԭأǰУָ
ǾȻųԸһһȥ
СкʧɫܵڿųԸͬڿԸΤԸΤ
мʯשϣתƿħţһ仰һΪֻ


90 ä
̫ĹӴ򿪵Ĵд, ڳԸǰǡͣµİ֮ϡ
Ըǰµɫ˼ǰ, ֽΪ, ⽣糤Ըһ, ԶԶߣ
뿪ӰҪѰˣҲ
Τ֪ʱߵ˳Ըǰ, ҪΪԸȥµ˿, ȴ˶㿪
ΪҪԸ, Τ, ǲ⡣
Τͣڰеֶһ, Ц˻ʦָʲô
ħ򡣡ԸֱֱΤΪβң
Ϊʦ֪ءΤ峤ԸʵɫЦŻش, תҪȥµԸע⵽ΤĶ𳤽
Τһ£СԹʦƫ, ҪĽ
С, ɴʱڣԸȻܹ˵ڵĻ
ΤԸ, ݡ
ΤΪԸĻͣ˹¶Ц, ƽԸǰѹʦӦԼ֮²Ŷԡ
ڰ㡣
ԸΤ룬ɺ䣬֮£Ϊģ
ΣΤܻسˣ⽫泤Ըһ´˰¶ߣħ
ôʦˣ᲻ã
ԸָΪΤǰΪˣ
Τܿ⿿ΣգƵóԸˣͣ½ŲųԸ
˵ڰ㣬ʦ̫ȻˣұԸ
ֻһˣȻʦ᲻ãֻҶˡ
ʦҲ̫ö԰ɣ˵Ҳڰ𣿡
Ը˶ΤţһΣΤ㵱֮ĹϵҲҪ˰ҡ
䣬ԸӰͬʧڴС
*
һߣ˰ֻٸ֮أ˿ͣи·Ͼħ˿١
Ǻµģں£˽ħεģթֶΡ
޷ȥ룬ˣڽܵʧȥϵ֮ǰϵһС£ĺһЩһڽħǰһС
ѾˣΤе˼СħҪ磬Ӧڽܵʧȥϵ֮ʱ˽Ϣ˹ȥ
Τһ
֪ʱֻһ߰СǸ͵СܶʲôǳԸΤħݣµġ
Τϵɱ࣬ûʲôĻ֮١
뵽һЩ£ڽϣΤȴ˵һ仰
ûʲôԼģ֪˵Ը˵ͳԸ֮ĺԵ
仰ǵ׿˵Էġ
ڣΤ˵֮ء
ħս˵Ĵܽһ
ħսҽħ޲࣬ҽħ֮ȴͬԴβСʦҽһѭ浸صˣ޵ҽɽ磬ȻҲˡ
˴ħһ֮أǧˣɽ粻ͬЩħǳӣһ˼˽٣ȥ
һ۱ħ֮п˰µӰŵ£ںδ¶βˣıӰȴ˰ġ
ħ޲ȻҲܵĵûǰתͷỽһСʦ塣
Щħĵ⣬ûЩˣǰһЩС£
˰µǻСӦת˲ŶԣɽյİûС
µӰһ£ûתȴϻ궯ʵСʦ壬ˣ
ؿڵѪסؿڣǿ͸֧ӿ˿ϡ
Ȼԥһ£ûתЦСʦƭҵġ
תĿڣڰϣۿĻָĿڽ˵ȴͣ
ЩʣûƭС¡
߽£סе֣ԼĿڵλá
㿴ҵͺˡ
¿ˣʼڰ±ɴס۾ϣзϸܵۡ
ˣһ·ϣ˭Ҳˡ
±ץסţĿڣܵϻҵҪʱǱģȴû֡
죬ҪĻһ䣬˵ţСʦ壬Ҹоˡ
ȥס۾İɴڲţС£ˡ
סĶӦţˡ
Сʦ壬۵ġҪοСʱѧҽ֮£ʦܰԶҩСʦ壬⻹ʦԶʮ֮һۡ
¿ץסˮȥˮЩ΢̣»ЩæСʦ壬ĪҪޡ
ҵ治Ҫġ
ΪλŪ㣿
ȴĬٻش΢΢ͷܵģ뵽ﵱڽػرӣµڶű˵ߣСеϰߣɵ㿪ߣش˻ʱ򣬱΢΢ͷһֻСӡ
飬ȴ־ǿ
뿪ǧ֮żţһգ´ûеõӦһձˣ֪ȥ˹ǣϦͬڴ˵ʧȥټ
ǧᰳϢ࣬ԭд̽Ϣģȴħ޵Ļ֪һмΪçײʧȥϵǧսѰħ
ûмΤ˴ǵǸؾΧǵͷħ񣬶ԷҪδ˵صħޣ˵ΨһܻȫķħбЩħ
Ҫó⣬ģ
ħŵ񣬼²˵µеԵɡ
²ϵϢˣҲԼ̫׾ӣô򵥵ĵСʦ嶨Ȼܲµġ
Сʦ壬ްġοַԼĿڵλãȥеϣҽ߾ûħ֮һ˫۾ܻǧֵõġ
˵ֵãҽޣҽĵ¿֮ĵ
¿Ѳħ֮
°µĻȴȻŽΧħˡ
αװԱ˱֮еħˣ˵ħЩڰ¾ָˣǿֻ̰Թޡ
ΧסǵĲֻԭڴ˴ǵħޣĴħǻŽһ£ֻǷΪɣĿֻһǾͰ¡
Ȼˣȴܸܵ˴յı仯ס֣ǰȴס˶䡣
ᶪ°һ뿪ðµǰħ
Сʦ壿
ס¶ЩС£Ľҡ
ûҪĽýΨһǰѽǵϦģһֱڻţ˳
ҲϵðѽɽǰĳٴԺһ˰µĶ䣬Ҫ


91 
ħΧ֮, ϲŰ籵ŮҲڴʱʧȥɫѩ㳤ȴǳƵ䷲ŮһŮ˫Ϊסĸ֪
¾ס, û˿
ΧЩħ, ȻҲֱܷڶħԲͬ, лԿ֮⡣
ЩҪˣٹ˼ǵĸЩΤɶġ
ħޣо, ĿڰΪʧȥӾϵֻ֡
ûк, ֻ
¶Ⱥ, һ, Сġ
ʲôأ
֪, Ƕ̰ͼĹȥҲͳԸĹȥ
һҪģɢǹȥΪΪ˽µֻ, ҲƽϢΪʱ䳤С
֪֮֮к塣
עһձȻ, , ½֮ħ, ˽֮£֮, Ụƽȡ
ǹȥǸǸӵֻһδˡ
ڰϸǵİ֮ϣΣ֮Уֻܿһ籡
ɽ֮УϦѺϲվŵĵطߵĻѩɽϿή֮󣬺̽㳣ѩɽѰʱʱȥǻĺɽ
գں̽ĹǰС˵ǶڵԼˣȴԶȥ
һǧ꣬ڸչصУʱͣ˽һǧ֮ãٴȴ룬
ϦѺ̣ϦףϦhϦѩB
ԸС£ԶʧȥԶһ·ϡ
֮ݵ·ѲѣǲԭǼ򵥵ģܿѸ˺ȱȽǣ㲻ʲô
ȴˣҪд󰮵ģҪʲôˣҪֻˣ׽˶ػˡ
һΪ˳죬ǽҲɽе𣬿ȴ˶ˣʲôס

е齣Ӧɳǰھ֮»ʮ߰ѳΧ
ɱס¶ƣǰ»ûŵ齣ҲЩͰΧħޡ
ǿж֮õ£һԭɻûʮ߰ѳɴʱ֮£齣ûڲš
ܸܵ궯ڿ͸֧ţɴʱҲֻЩսСʦ壬ĪҪƴܽȫҽõġ
͸֧Щվˣ֧ţûлشµĻơ
һ˲䣬԰ǧΪ齣Χŵħ޿ٷȥ
һߣħ޲ϱǿϢ
ŮӲǿɲѹ
ڵǧսһסħˣΪɾ
ħΪҪǻߣҿӴӴ˴ȥ⣡
鱨ʵģΤħƺҲͼ
ްǲˣħôҲܵȶǸСҽޡ
⽣죡ʱԭֵħ޲һǿȥ
Χħ޷Χȥһ
齣ħ֮УסȺħ޵ȥ·
Ϊߵħд󿿽֮ƣȴһλû齣סǰһĻס¡
ɱ
䣬лû齣ͻȻڿлɫɢħϣ͵ը
ħ֮ը羪װ죬ʺ֮ڰɫը
ԸԶԶ㿴˴˴һĻ˲ۿӿѪ֮УԭʺȾѪˮζը˵ˣϵ۲ûֹԸǰٶȡ
ģҪǻǿѪȾЩ죬֧ŲסˣʧȥͷѪִķѵ˼ޡ
ҵ£Ҿʧȥʶ
῿˰¼ϣһִֻӺ§ס˰µԼȫ˰ϡ
֪ã֪»вһĸ飬Ϊ֪㣬Ͱ֮һֱǡôľ롣
˿ЩŲסˣڴʱſ£ԼٽҲŪˡ
е˶ȥǹ¶ģͬ٣עһ˻뿪Ļǲܡ
ƶˣԶԶһ˿Ϊ
ǣΪûгĲٿҪȥˣǷʲôɰǲһģĵףڰŰٱ֮ʹںڰΪǵ⿪ʼ¶˵Ͳһˡ
´ʲô˵Զڶ˵Ŀ⣬ĺ˺£ɰվΪܵ˺
»ס£°¾ʧ
ܻʱݣ֪ԼӦԴ˽ɱˣЩԲͬûжģȴķֱˣȥںˡ
ĵһ̫ˣѵǰ·
ĵɱ¾У߱ģħ֮пһϤĺɫӰףԶҲǡ
˰һЩþһ˿ʩչ̰֮İɫ֣ΧߣͰµӰ
ԸڴˣλõˣѾΪ͸֧վȣϵȫɢѻ٣ǽҪ֮ơ
ֻסһ˲͵سλãԲɣҪץסưȴӰʧڴ˴
ֻڳԸһδץס̣Ӱȴǰʧ
ƣԸڵʧòܿƣƵڳ֮С
ԸΨһ񣬿ȴմѪ۵ĳ֮УħʬΧ֮£ֻһˡ
ϵʧȥ˿ƣ񱩶ţĺϵźɫѪˮĵаһ㣬ɱ硣
ͬΪ񣬳Ըһ۱ɿոյ״̬е֮ҡˣɱģݵɱϡ
ˡ
Ըܽ뾡䣬Բʧ
ûа취ƻħͥѵǣͬΪĳԸҲ޷δͬҵƶ˵ȥ·
һգ˽֪ħ֮ʧȥħǿѹħݽߵħǵѪʧȥء
ħնɱħ֮˱ǳԸµĵһλӣǵŵСʦӣΪһնħ
Ҳһգ˶һԣǳԸӴȥħΪǾǸħС£ħȴ𱨣ڱƵ˾


92 ת
ħɽ, ĵ
йżأؼᵮһ֮, ֤һ, ῴԸ, ף
סƶ֮ϣеûʶʼȻעˡ
ƶ֮, ȫµʧȥ
µ赹Ҳȫָ, ɴ˴Ϊ, ƺֻ˵Ĵڡ
֪Լ˺δ, طĴŨҪκһӴ, Ǵڴ˴¾ܸоǲϿ
ɰȴĹעǼ´סԼϣӸоϢʼ, ˶ԷϢĻҡ
Ǹҽޣ츳ǿĸ֪ο֮ˣСʦ̫, ͲĲԾ
ԭδ, ħ޶ӣԼס۾, ǱỳԼûзϵһ˫۾Ѿ, ҲЩδԼ
ɼڲֵһ˲䣬ðסԼ۾֪ԼһᱻûҪ˼
Сʦ̫ᣬ˶һὫһ˶С
Сʦ忴۾һΪԼĹһ̣תʱԥˡ
ȷΪħ򣬶󱻴˱ӪأվħĴ֮ϣЭֵȷˡ
ʵֻһ·ѡΪһɣҽޣҲƴһħʱֻһ֣޻ڵġ
ɰûʦ޵ҽǾʦ˵ҽһеƣƶУǰжħ
ƣѡ
Ըһ˫۾ܾĻᣬԵĽǻ
԰˵ⱾǼΪĽ
ƫƫǰˣ׼£ս꣬¶ѪζΪУοǲŴ֮
֪ƭԼǿд߶˿ڣͬҲΪң²ҪģԱû˵Ļ
ֻ۾ˣĻڡ
״̬ʮֲãͷѪ̺͹ȶʧȥһδ֮ѪٴαԼǿġ
ƶ֮ϣΪ޷жϴ˴ǷΣգֻ
ʧȥʶȫµڻţ״̬ԽԽã״ڲקס˰µ°ڡ
³ԽԼڣҪָߵȫܿƣɢš
۾Ŀð»̿ʧû˲ҪĶҪһ
Сʦ壿
Сʦ壡
ͼ֮еûлӦ˴ֻˣУûлش
Сʦ岻ȴ֪Ҫħ򲢲򵥣֪˺˴˴˴ʧȥʶϵɢš
ɢϢڼţµɫԽš
طʵֳ̫˼´ůУȴڲͣɢδҳɢζġ
µĻʹʧȥҽǧĵзһ飬ƫƫûá
ҵɢȥŰ£ںţԾҪץסߵˡ
зã·ȫҵ侲뵽һ
ղ֮飬صΪԭʧȥУΪ
бһΪת
ʩܹԼһȫһ֮ԱΪΪ䱾ʱһһһԸЧѣҲǲǿжΪ䣬Ϊ֮
Ͷ·¾ҪȲ޷ʧȥ
»еܸܵĲʩ֮ǰ̾Сʦ壬㲻Ұɣ
֮еģû˻شĻſϵ֮ϣʼʩ
ֻԼϦһ̾οŰ¡
Ҫܹۻ֣Ըһ⧲Ŀڣɢɣͬһ̱ͻƶˣ˴Դ֮ڣΪȫ
ʧϦֻڴ˴ıԴΪ۲״̬Ϊؼʱ̣ͬԴӣ˴˻
ˣ˷ģߵĵĵڣֻеһ·
һֱе·Ĳ˻ɣɶңΪԼסκһˣ˶޷ػƾʲôػ
ȻҽտôҲֻǧ֮ãĻ֪֮࣬ԴҲ֪Ϊ
ϦһֱŰµĶ޷ֹ䣬ֻһ߿Ű»޴롣
Ҫʩչе˼Ҫʩչת֮һȷܼɢٶȣЩܽѡ
أ
µʱָνܡ
Ϧ֪Լֹ˰£һǵ̬ȥ˿Ը֪Ĵڣа취Ҳ޷˵
ϵǣԭѾʼʩİȴͣ˶һ˲֪ģСʦ岻¡
ЩȴϦ̱˾ȣȷŰ²Ե޹˵仰ڻӦԼ
ǧᰣ¶Ϲߣʱ֪µĸ֪ǿǳԹ෽ɰûע⵽
Ϧ̽ע뷨뵽ԸҲڰǣΪ²ǳԸȴû뵽հٴδ뷨
ҽ
ĵȷˣϦ̻̲ס˳
ԭûжͷŰ籣ʱĿӦڿġ
ϦΪԼĴʱ»ӦˣƺЩᡢдŵ꣬˵СʦԼ
Ҫʩչ֮ʱͻȻһ̾ϢһŮӵֵúͻأȴûо⣬ԷƺڻشĻ˵֪Ĵ𰸡
֪Լѡ̫һУ˿ͬʿڵͨӣڵСʦ壬һս𵤣ǧš
̫ԶˣƺԶ߲Էߡ
ڰУǲͬģһεδϳĸо̫ºˣڿԼɫôᣬ̲סҪ
С㲻˽̸ܿ˵ѳΪԶĲϰߣɶֻ߲̲ͬסҪߵߣվܿλá
һֱǵǸǽͷʱסŮӣʱδǸģҹɫмǹ׵ȴǰˣʱþˣ˵Ҳˡ
һֱмǵã˵ᣬûмᡣ
ǳУڿ˵ģԭСʦˣСӵʱ
һҪ֪Լѡ񲻹ã䱾ȫ


93 
ĿջΪɿջ, ۼҵ̵ǣƫƫȴҵš
ŻҪڽɿջ, ˵ܹעĹ¡
, һհɿջ⼫, ջⶼֵʿ
¥λãһŵһŰ籵Ůڴ˴
Ǹ۵Ůû
Զһָ
ͬ߿һۣ٩ֲ˵Ҫ£ôĹעʶŮӣ
޼, ˵, ڵĵӣ
ͬ鷭, ڷ˭˲ʶ, Ȼ֪
֪Ů˭𣿡޼ͬ, Щ˷ʧ䣬һŮ޽ӻ
˭
޼ʣڵҽް, ǰΪԴǧ֣
٣ĳҲ״ҪੲݵĻ
Ϥλɨһۿջڵҡŵڿ߶İʱͣЩ, ָֺܿ
ڿջʿ͵Ĵߴ, ˻
¿ʼڰ껹ҪǰĹȥһ޿׷ݵĹȥ
س, ﵮ֮ʼͬ, ƹһƶˣػƶˣԳΪգ
ʮǰ̰Խ֮´ңⳡֻ֮ϴΪɢ䣬ɢؼһؾۡ
˶һ£Ӷ·һս𵤣ǧ񡣡
Ĺʵ̫ջ֮еһµʿ˳Ĭǰħնħ޺ʧֱ֮ǰԵȻ࣬ħʮ죬֣ħսʱͣЪ
ڸ²ǷдԵ֮ʱһڵվ˳һϢλ丣֮
һۣǧ궼λǶԸ׵񣬿ĸ󲢲Ϊ٣ħ嶼ʱͣ˳ＸĶɽ綪һ仰
ħΤףصĻףλ
֪֮½Ϊʵ˵һǽ֮ܵɣιΪȴȹ̣˵֮Ϊ١
Ըأ᲻նӵԵջУһŮ޴˳ܹİ˵ԸնӵԵСͽħһ޷
Ůӵڳ֪֮µʿ˻ش
в֪֮ˣȵԸӵʦΪλԵһ˵
յ࣬¾ڴߣǿջԶһͻȻʮ֣һ˰ŵǡþǳԸԵ
̫ˣûʢԸΪӽ֣˺ؾס׽١
ջһ񣬼ЩʿڻʱĳδܾЩʿź
ֻǻ˵棬ȴ£̾ϧ鰮ϣͬİ·ˡ
һ裬ߵĻڼ
ԸΪεҪСͽܽ
ħǰЩӲ˲ӣԸ𲻻Ϊɱڡ
ͻȻħնħѲ飿
ôһ˵ˣΪǧᰣԸһֱߣҲ֡
ˣ㲻֪𣿡庰ţΪλħնħĹ£
һ˺˽Ӧ
ҡЦЦĿȴ¥ĳһ䣬һŮӣ̾һסԼӦ˵Ļֽһι¡
ڴʱӰʧڿջ֮Уħ֮ѹȥ꣬뿪ƶˣֹȥ˰֮á
Ȼϰ˲۾ӣȴͨ˴вߴ·ײӭ·˻ǹսǵǽڡ
·Ѿһ£СһСԺסСԺÿնҪͨ˴С·
ߵһս֮ʱͻȻͣ˽ŲһַǽһֻУ΢΢ס
Ǵʱ˾һÿϹӹЩ֣Ѿߵ·Ĺսˣȴƫƫվڴ˴
еţſϹЦ⣬תսǣỽ𡣡
ͬŰ²еһ˲뵽˫Ҫ㿪ߵ۾
վڹսǵһ棬ڴ˿̰µǰһͷѩһķʵ̫÷ֱ棬ɫһ㶼ʺһ̫ûйˣһ㡣
Ĳ䣬żº͵ķ紵˿¶ʢºͣǺһᣬȴƫƫһЩͬ϶һݳĵȻڵᵭİһ㣬ȫȻԵġ

վڰµǰڰµİ֮ϣòĹ
һɽҪɢޱ߶ڰ֮УһΪ͵ϢסеߣһССĹ⡣
ļڽһĺڰоѡ
سǵΪԭֻһ֮ҹҹעıϡ
һգͣҹҹӳĳƶ˵ĺ֮ϣȵط֣⺣оڶһĴڣ˱ǳԸƶ˺ͺ޷ཻǾű˴ˣˣˡ
ĳһգںеںϳ֣ע˱˴ôãܲ˴˵ĶҲźе֣һߣƶ䵽棬ԸץסߣӴƺǱһϵ
ԸѧĶ߲ϣһƶ䵽˼䣬ޱߵĴ֮Уںˮ֮пĹǰ
Ϊļһ붼ؼһռţμоѣССĹĺڰ̶еĹ
ٴ㲻ǸڵСʦˣһҲ
½̱뵽ԼĹؼ
ħ֮Уе֮ҡˣһ̵ѡ˷ԼΪ߲ɷԼˣΪ֮Ȼɢ
滻Լ֮֮ƣʼԼĵϣɵĹУ±һɾԵ͸Լ
΢Ĺĺڰʵ̫С㹻ˣס⣬䡣
Ű£Էֻ֮ʣ¼̵һˡ
öûеõĻشϵЦһЩֱǸСҪģ
С£Сʦ尡
شе֮ǰȲֻͬҪһ仰ڰǰûףǰߵÿһڡ


94 
¶СԺǼС, ԺһտѲõСҩԺӣֲµע⵽ҩ, ˵ҩ̼, סڴ˴, ǡ£ԺЩҩ硣
Щδɵҩ磬뵽ƿտĳ²δʩչԶҩµ硣
ƿ, عλ, , 껽ħ֮ص, ĵһ˱ƿϦ̡
ʮȥ, Ϧ̻ͬһ㡣
ʣϦ̱ѽƿĶԻ˳
Ϧ̷ְµܲĴں󣬱ͬ˵һܹķͬһһ, ϦҪȰǸӼ򵥣Ҳס
²ûϦ̵ĻϦ̵ӽǣڿŰ³, ͬ˲һİ, ѶϤúܣɶڰ˵, һͻȻֵİˡ
½֮¹غűˡ
ʶϦͬ˵, Է˹ȥǶйصĹ£֮͸֧ԭ
Ϧ׼ʩչĽһʩżǿķɣԵΪеԼʹ࣬µΪֻһɿԽɣƿ֮һȻܿԽɽ׳Ϊһǧʿ
ɰ·˳ɵĻᣬſ̲ݻҶϵ̫õĽΡ
ϦϧܿԽɽʩչ㣬ɱһЩ
ȴ˵Щǰץסĳˣʱⶼں֮УԸֻʮض޻ڡ
Ϊɵİ¼ҹŲס۶ιȥûЩ³ͬȷݵĿʹ
ֱҪգϦ̽ƿգƿгϴڴ˴һЩɰѡ뿪
չλȶƿл˰ʱȶЩʢʻĺɽֻɫèĹǰҲ˰ٴ뿪ڣһ·ҽ
ʩһտʼ±ʧȥܹĻᣬΪÿһնڵˣ޷ȡؼ˷ɺ󣬾Ϊ޷
ѡܿʹΪɢһգȫɢؼ䣬Ӵ֮ؼҲа´ˡ
²ת֮Уɻľϣữʧټؼ䡣
ûסҲܸıδ
ʧȥԭϰ籵İ·ȹȥŵ࣬Ҳ˶ߣʱСԺУȫûȥϵĿ⡣
±ˣֺûȫ䣬ѣ϶ԵÿһЩϰ߽˫ڿУǿԵĻὫԼ
ϲͻأȴЩۣİ£ȴܻ뵽˫鶯۾
ҩ糤ƼãزöñܳˡӦ˰µĻ۲һȦСԺϲСԺλñȽƫԶλá
ԺʰúܸɾһСҩɹչ⡣
šͷУڴ˴ס꣬ҩﳤˣ뿪
뿪Щȣԭһһ·ҽǣΪڴ˴ⷿҪﰲȴû뵽ֻʱġ
Ҫȥδ
еĵģЦ˳Сʦǵ𣿡
ҽȥ˳Уħͣսұȥߵҽ
ѹ滮Լµӣ뿪գʦǰվã֪ʦԼУ²ûдվһ죬ʦ
ʦ彣׷˳֪ʦ˼ȡ˽Ϲŵ۾ҩ½ҩ䣬һʦǰ
˰»е˼λòΪ֮е֮ţȷ֪»е˼ˣߵҽֱһڳ
ЩǰΪԼѡ·¶ֶݡ
ڰǰС£Ϊ˭
֣߬ʶƫͷλãʶԼ΢΢ͷСʦ֮񡣡
̫ȴһ˿į
̾ҡҡͷˡ
λɺᣬдһ˿Ц⣬֮Ҳ
ѩɽĵΪ٣ڵСʦΪǰ档
ĻٴνԼ˿УͬһСӣԣֻýԼ
Ȼע⵽˰µĶ֪µӣ಻ȥסԼ뷨
̹ȻС£һң𣿡
֪ڿԼΪݷ˱仯עҪλ֮ˣԭЩȫǼٵģ˵ȥЩ
ң׵ġС˵ţֺ
ϦȥĹ£еһõˣñˡ
վǲͬģҪ´δܹСʦռݶصλãһʼ֪СʦԳԸĲͬδ͸¶
û̫ȥԻָݵСʦ壬ΪҪԼὫǰԭˡ
û׷ʰΪҪԼûе²еܣԼ£ΪԸ֮ĳϣܵõף
С£ֻ಻ǸڵСʦ壬Ҫ˵Ļ
ʱ治Ǹʱºͣƶ£ֻһͨˡ
ĻԼʮָʱЩ·ʱ䱻һ˲ֻԼʱ䣬ǰһƬڰûй
šãӦһͷС˵ͬһȥҽ
ƺ˺ܾã仰˵üΪСס۾̧ͷ
Ŀڰ½еʮָϣֻ㣿
µ˫ֲýЩҧԼĴŰµĴ𰸣ɿҧסĴԼֻͷ
ţĻұ㲻һ뿪ԭҪһ뿪ģЩߵھϤĵطҪ׽˿Լȥ
ҸϦh껭ԼЩϤͬʣΪԼȥˡ
뿪ᱻһȥһֱǵУҲã֮˱һݿʹ
ܵģ֪Լض뿪һ̣ѡ񲻸κˣֻԼбˡ
µʱĲˣʱҲẦ¶ȥ֪Լһ˲ͻȻľʱữؼһֻʣһˡ


95 Ե
²Ҫ׽֮Ϊ뿪ѹ, סʦ𣬸סһữΪȥ, , Զʧ
ҲẦ, ֻܶһˣ˭϶ù¶
վԺҹգҹԲ䳣˵Բž۵ĺ, ֮, ⷴʵֵһ¡
˯, Ϊһֱ, ڴһʿΪһͨ, ǰҹ
Ϧûмߣλ󣬱ȶɢĻǣƶ, ȵٴ壬
ҹǲ㰲ɰԺЩƫƧԼԼԶż, ·ķᴵ, ˷ֱľס
ŷһվҹ, зûʲôȴܷº͡
ͻȻ, ķȾһ˿ĿɿԲԺУԺˣһж
ŽϵСԺţɫûʲô仯ȴһڼžҹ˿ڡ
زˣ֪ڡ
䣬ͣ룬üץסֽŻָ
ԸӰǰɴ£ôϤȴַ·˺Զ
ǻǾϲ̡
ƺһ㶼ⳤԸĳ֣˵ʼ˳ԸĴڣͬģԸҲܲĵ
֮ǰͬٴ볤ԸԶӣû˵ǰڶܺ˼ʮʱ̫ˣѡ뿪ߵ̫죬ûиԷһ롣
㿴ųԸֻ˷ǣҲѲƵ
ơԸỽƺ½һ㣬˵̫С
û׿գ۾ֱֱˣһգۻᷢһжǼٵġ
Ըδڽռ˵ҪǽһιĹ¿ʼ㼱Ѱ
ۿԼһֻ̺гԸ֪ζȹЩӵġ
ҪƴѹסԼ޷ƵҪΪҶ¶ϵĴԼѩɽ̷У׷ԼԼδ£Ϧڣһлûн
ɳԸֻ֪ƭԼˣƵԼ
޲ýԼԶޱߺڰУܺһʹ࣬ԸɣƿҲӭˣ֪ȴûа취ҵˡ
Ĺ¶ãԸҪ֪飬Ҫ֪ʲôһԼع˽ǹĹȥȥһֵĹȥջеǣЩ˵Լֶ֮Ե
ԴΪħۿԼĶд½֪
ЩԼ֮£Ĵ
ڰǰͻȻصڣ֪ǺͰһͬʧģһûסѰ˹ȥǸ±Ƶ޿ˣ۱οһҪ֪Ρ
ɳԸסˣԼˮгȥֱˮͶĹ޾ĺˮΧԼѹסĵǷݷ
ô£ˣİһ᲻
ҹԲûһ˿ȱݣӳĵϵǶʧɫʡ
¹Щ̫ˣԸƿߣ۾ЩˣѾˣȴио֮޷ĸҡ
еģԸϲ۾Զ͸һУ罫޾ƣһӶ뿪
Щɬϸۣܵÿѩɽһһ֮˿ʱԭΪǰѩķȴû뵽Ȼͷ
񼴱ָݣ˵ķȴ㣬ǰԵģȱģǸ߻ʦɳԸȴЩϢ
˺þãۿɬ˻ȥȡϴŵǸɫ¡
ɫȻı󣬻һССͱ̫һһȣǰλõȺܶСΡ
СȻʶģͣǰƺڸϵϢ󻶿ΧתȦһ
ʩΪµһ֣ǰҪ׽С˵СЩҪС¡
СĻ͵͵ĿƵԸϣûεסԼ۾
ΪǰСĶЦСͷοŵСİ
ǰһĻȴóԸ뵽˹ȥʱİ˻ȥСÿηȿ˵ɫ۾ߣƺ֪Ƣãܻǰ
С׻ͬȥһԸͻȻڣºͣдһ˿
ջ֣һˡ
ĿСεϣƿûֻǵʵ
Ըȴпһ£֪˵ָǰС
ҡҡͷӭŷûѹסеĻסţִֵ˵һġ
ȥȴʱ䣬һġ
Сʾ·ɻԼߣж˷ʧ䡣
ɢȥ룬ĳԸ̾ȥɣҹ̫ܲס
ƣڸ𣿡ԸȴûжվûҪǰһװС
ûйܳԸͻȻµûб仯ûбܻߣš
Ըͣһ˲ڿ˵ʱȻϢˣ㲻ϼˡ
ʲôҹ̫ܲסƾҪҲѰһЩɡ
ƣ֪ûΤ
ԸҪˡ
ԸĻǰϣ˿У޴ؿ
֪ǲ͵ĻˣҪĽˡ
֪ĿڳԸϣվڲԶཻҪˡ
͹ȥԼܹͬԸϲԵĴڣ֪ԸҪ˵Ļʲô
˵Ϊ飬ȻǳԸΤЩѾΪȥˣ۹ȥΣ׷
ͬģҲԭ³ԸΤΪǱƭȥħĹΪǸҽȴʧȥ۾Ĺ
ҪģԸЩ嶼ڲţһҪ¡
ִŵģ̾һߣǵԸѩɽնǸߣǹȥǸ
סߣק¡
Ըܵǣ̧֣ź֮ͻȻۿ֪ΪͻȻɢΪˣֵ췣֮ʱվ˾ȻҲȫķ˴˴ѹҲΪɢԭ
ѹ֣Ҳ޷Ѱնϵĺߡ
ԭ֮ԵȻķʽõģȴǣǡ
ӦĶȥǰ̧֣ѹеıʹк䲻ľӨ⣬ǶһĨЦܵȴֱˣ˵ƣ
󣬺һ˵ȴɿǣŵߣůзɳƮÿָ䡣
̧ڳԸŵ£ƮƮϿӺߵϸС֮ڷлΪϵĺŷƮڿУȴҲ޷һ޷ӡ


96 
ǵĺ̫, ֻᶯһ£ŷϵˡ
ɽҹķᣬᵽ˵, Ʈڷеķ˿, ƫƫ߶ˡ
㼫µС
ź߶Ͽ, ǳԸǣģһеﶼʧȥɫʣǰһкƱˮīĺڰɫаϵߴ޵ɫɺȴԶŮ뿪, ϵĺ߽, ŷ뿪ŮһͬԶ
Ը֪뿪СԺ, ֻҵ, Ժмžޱ, ȴ־öӶңĳʱ̹
𣡡
Ը𣡡
ͻȻСﾡͷԸûĺԻæ׷˹
Ըע⵽, ǽͣ£ָΪǱĿ׷ϡ
˱ԸĶȵǰ, æ, ŵ飡
飡ʶǽڿջģ
Ըϳǰ, ĶͻȻ˿˿ǽϡ
, û°ɣҪǰһסԸ֪뵽ʲôͣ˶ЩŵؿųԸ
һֱջЩʿס֦ͷлӿջ˳ȴһֱ̤ʵ
յްĴţ˵һõľҪҲûȥ˹ǡ
ްӰûʧõİ£û뵽ǣܶߵĹȻټĿջ֮а
ǼҿջҿģսŻû£ͿǸЩŮˣB棬һǵõģ
еľûƭֻҲȷȷʵʵްһѣĹ±ǰ¸ģɿջ˵һĻ
ȴû뵽գȻ˳Ը𲻺ǵĴ𣬸û뵽ǣԸȻԴǰ£Ū峤Ըͼȴ뿪һʱ׷ųԸټ˹
Ĳ˵»Ҫͬһµģ˺ϧܽĻԲԼΣ֮С
ԸŴ˺һʺɫָȾϸ֡
ްҡͷȴûѹסؿӿѪ
ԲµĹͶСУɢڿеʺ죬εڵϡ
һȻû뵽Լ㻭棬û£
ǸҽСҲڳУȥѰ
Ըסˣɫ£ʵҺ£
Ըȴ⣬񼫲״̬ͼ
˿˿Ը֮̾¶
Ը˻е˼ǶΪĹȥɾȥĴڡ
֪ιȥ˲ܹ࣬µ˭⣬ܰûĹ¶һܹˡ
֪Ϧ̵˼ۿԼĿڣΣϦ̶Ȼԭˡ
ްԸǽվãѹԼеĴ䵭Ҳ㡣
˵꣬˻ԸӰʧ
ٺԸߣᲨ΢ĺӳԲ£ִۣһ˿⡣
뵽ܾǰһͬƬվе߶ϡ
Ը֪ĿģʱܻͷôϣʱܹһЩһЩ㲻ܻͷȥҲãĿͣԼϡ
ôľ룬ܸܵᣬܵϢ
һڴʱôңɼģԶȥһ
ĹȥȫˣҪβܸᡣ
䣬ԸԼںˮ֮Уڣ½¹ǰʧ
*
סСԺǡֻסס˰µСԺУµһ򵥶ʵ̫֮ʱ𴲣һΪֵݽ࣬ԺɹҪõҩݡ
ΪнףƿΧƣΪ˲ԣԲڵһʱصڣյʦ𣬶Ҵ뿪
ԽȥΪᵹ˵Խ죬ͬǰ㣬ޣÿһ׶ζ׹ΪԾ
Ϊ˵֮󣬱Ըӿٶȼմпֻһ˲䣬ߵ˾ͷ
ΪΪ˵ԭ޷Ƶҩͨıٹȵƣ࣬һٹȵܳһ£Ҳŵ뿪ա
糿ºһΪҩｽˮʱ䣬ܻһͬɹҩ
ȴЩͬæ
յ峿ЩȣͷմЩˮЦŽݸ£εˣǵûҡ
仰ǵһͬ˵ƬҩʵڲʩֻƬ̱ܽ꣬ɰ񲻿⶯ˮҩĹ輫ΪϸÿնҪ㣬ʵ㲻ü򵥡
ʵЩ̫ˣ·ٿһЩˮͰһЩὫﴵѹ飬ȴֲס£ֻ۵ʱ
ͷ˵֪ȴһһĶ
Сʦ廽ҿ£¸СԺµģȻΪϤʱĻ
δ˵꣬ŰСԺʯǰӵݵУԷ
һ˲Ȼû뵽˵˳ָһиճĲˣЩ㶵طС
ڰ¶棬ϴº͵Цͬ糿ˣů̫һ
ٷ˵ζ¥ջǰƷ֮У಻ǳλ֣ܼ֮򵥣ͨͨȴڴ֮䣬żƽ㡣
ͨ򵥵ÿһǰ㣬ճϢûп̹ĵķ꣬ȴʵģλõسǰ
ƽͨȴһ꣬ܵı޿ɱܡ
С£
ǰŵȴûͣ£룬һҲãĶˮʪ޶¶Ȱ
½Ƿѹ£΢΢ͷӦš
Сʦպܺáţųһˡ
ң´δһջΪ³Сʱӡ
ʱŰΪɼ¥ԭ򣬰¥еӹòãվ¥еĴߣŹ·֮ˡ
֪ʵͬףһͶԲǻ̲סĽͰֻһͨĸŮˣֻΪԲůҪҪּ򵥵ƽӡ
İһ𣬼ÿֻһټ򵥵ķˣ㹻ˡ
Ըûʵ֣ԼһԸһ˼򵥵һ˱㹻ˡ
еֱ䣬ǰòٵȻڰϣһ˵̾һĿӳŰµģ
ǰЩʱע⵽˰·еıٹȵ뵽ΪɵΪˣµͨ˵ˣٲһͣʶԼ
С²ҵձá
æҡͷСģҺϲ
ٷŨԺͬԴѾ޷ȴ壬֪СʦΪ׼ģ᲻ϲ
ϲáЦţǰĹĵͷǰʱԷҪǵҩˡ


97 
֮, ȴص˵µǾ仰ĺᣬ񲻶޵׵, ȴܹǷ, Ǿ仰Ƕ˵, ġ
Ըһ̳ףҲѹĵ׵ĸ飬ݺݱסҪǵϢֻ, ֻζ
ܡ
Ѿþûб, ʱ̫, ҪĻ, ¶жôĶ
һжԼѡ, ԸֻܽԼƬ޾ĺУ궯Ĺƽ
ǰһֻҪ뺣ˮ֮бˣֻҪԼ, û˻ᷢ˭֣ᷢ˭Ҳܷ֡
ǡ
Ըȥγƶǰ㣬ͼץסԺĹ, ȴɿһ
ԼƬ, ȴÿʱÿ̶ڹעڳеˣޱϤÿΪһ׼ˡ
Ը뵽ЩһͬĹȥ, շʱմϻҳ֪֪Լǹ, ûиĵϰߣϲ˫ʱΣϲԼ
գѩɽΪҩĨҳ⣬ǿΪģȥǰһ
кݺԳ۾Լȫںڰ֮С
СԺеҩڶյĳһ쳤ɣҩ£շźá
ߵԺУǶڵУ»һƣϵʱȴԵÿЩȴָպá
Һ뿪ǰʦǿͬģǳ۵ɫϲģڰȴֲԵͻأ
һŵҩᵽҪΪҽ۾ȴܾˣܹҽ۾ҩһֱϡ
ǲԸ˵Ϊβѡָ۾ҽ۾֮ʱŴĹͷĬã˵Сʦ壬۾ҵĻܿ
֪ĹִûǿҪΪҽ۾ҲûȰ·κ۾ĵҩذйȥǵ
ĵת𣬽ס۾İҲɫ֮ɫ
Сʦ壬ҵҩݳˡдһ˿ȸԾϦദ꣬ЦնЩƹǰǰģżҲ¶ȸԾģ㡣
šҲһĨЦΪǰҩݳɶԸˡ
ҽպˡĴ뿪ˡ
뿪úܿ죬СԺţŰվһ
˰µĲᣬοнסһʱɡ
ãȴнӦĻȴĵͷе΢΢ս
вȷһҪжã֪ҪȥټĲȷ׶½ۣܹɣŵ
ĿֽԼĹϣеһֱɫʣɰ¿޷е
Ը뿪ǵһԺת˲֮ԭ˾סСԺﻹϢԺã뿪ķ׷ȥ
Ͱ´һ·Уݺͷ֣ߣϡʿķ˳С
˵Ҫⷲ˳ҽ㵱ӦԼĻֵȺа̯Щȥ֣һŴͲϹ۹һÿᵽƲ۵Ĺģ޷ˡ
˶ڿǵĵһ۾ҡײƭϹĵһƭ˵İϷ
ɰ²ЩһǣСȫؤĽֵԼڵλãûҪΪΣûǿǿ
ۣҽԸѰΪΣҩҩΪˣֻһģԸҩΪĲдҩԱȥץҩ
أ˹Ĺ¡
ԵٵĹס۾ţһǮȴҽΰٲ߸һΪÿӣβˡ
⴫Ժܿ㴫˷ǣβ˵Ĺ´˽֪
ڰһйﲡİգŰҹܳС
ᴷ˴ΪһЩЩյСʦ壬ҪҪһװ磿
û뵽⴫֮Ȼ˿ֲֻǸһǣȻֵС֪ͯˣսоͱĳаסǲҽȵȣٶΪ׼˿Ρ
ǿֲ˹
Ҳû뵽˻һ濼˰µĻͷš
˭پһαȺΧĸоʱ̫Ҳ˾ú¡
ãΰס۾İ籶̫ۣǵ̫ϣ뵽˹ȥڷǴΣĿ˰ϡ
С£԰ࣿ
ţΪĻһ£Ȼ۾ҽǸŮӣϳķǰࡣ
ֻδԹǰĻ᲻Щ֣
ŰµĻ洽ЦǰĹֵͷ˼
οްģСºܿɰ֡
šͷСʦġ
ʳҪͨĳǳظӷֵ֣Ҫ˵ΪֵĵطΪֵֽĵطֵģԶ¥ҲΪ֮ء
·룬԰׶к˿۵ṫվڴ˴۾ȴſ˵ʱͣ½Ų΢΢̧ͷϿ
Сӣڴפƣ
ſп֮˼ֻһ۱㿴ͣ½ŲĹӣ߸ڶԷһϺƵϡ
פڴ˵ǰİ£ȴ¥ĸһ㣬û
ʱǼ¥ſڷ̴Ů˦ŵ֣絽·м䣬Ϊмһ۶ǸЦɻŮˡ
ϣޣȰСӣǸϺûģСͿŲ󣬿Ҫܺඣ
˵ţһҲߵŮˣָҪǱۣǾͿϧˣ
عŮ˻İջĿ⣬ͷٶȱ࣬СһǸҲǡ
Ϊ࣬ҲЩ仯ֻһеŴǵȰŮЦ
֪ǲ˼ˣЦŽЩص۾أܡ
Ϊ⻰Щ
ŮЦøˣ϶ͷ첲˶Էϣ˹˻ȥ㿴㣬ƽոҲˣ˼˰䣬ѲҲҪ˲ɢɣ
ԶջλһΪÿŮӣĿһֱ¥ǴŰĹ֮ͬ󣬶߻¥ϰĻ
СӣС
еĴɱ飬ĴƬģѪ˳ϡ
վһߵС˻֪Ůӿȥķʳ¥ԲһϷ
ԸߵСתߡ
ţ
СʶԼʧ̬ΣָָŮӵ֣֣
ް
һס˿ڣСⲻ۵ŮӣȴǸҪġ


98 
续, 顣
¥ӭλ̫һĿˣäСӣһÿܵʧɫĹ
Щ, ŬԼ߿, Ա΢ķ紵ϡ
¥֮, ûб仯ᣬüкһմȾ쳾Ц±оƵĶȻҪ¥еκһ˶Ŀ
ʱʱɨ߲û, оƱ, ĿΪֽԼĹ, ԷǰеľƷֺ΢
쳾¥, ˾ơ˵Ʊ, ʱĪҪԼΪ£ֻ쳾ҲǺõġ
סƱڴһڣƲǺ, ζ´㣬ȴƫƫ
˴߾Цˣ, ССʦ, ǲҲǿԵġ
ֻھ˴֮ʱͻȻҪ̧ͷ, ´˿̿Ҫͬĵط
, һˣҪֻͣԭؿһЩ
½Ļ˽ȥŵľȻڴߣţȴûмشĻ
һߣԸ۵ĺ£ڳ¥Ŷһ¥ǰ
վǰп͵㿴ʱһ˲Ѱ˼ŽôˣܼƵĹ
ŮӺǰǸСĹﲻͬøޣ̫ЩϸǴЩĵģǹǶֲġ
һѣЦطɲͨƼҡ
Ըóһӣ׵У򿪿һۣϵЦ˲֣һƣٿڵĻȴת˸䣬Ȼʲô¥طǻӭ˵ģ
£󾡹ܸҽ¥еƯ
Ըͣ½ŲЩ䣬ãֻҪһܿλӡ
棿һ˿ɻ
׽ĹͬϲŮӵĹҲ٣⻹ǵһμֵҪ
¥Ǹ¥˭Ҳ˭ֺ¥йǸǧѷ£ϲ¥еĸȥ˼¥п׽ģҲǵһμܵԼġ
ţԸһΪѣû𡣡
񣬽õеĽӲɫﴧ˴ѾֵǮɲ׷ܡ
ٿڣŵȻеģǳ¥ԶĲ˵¥УһĴλҲеģ
ǶԼһӶŵǡҲǼһĴˡ
˱áԸ϶˷⣬ҲҪһܿŽȥ˵λӡ
ţһ£ʶʣ
ûӦ˵˭ֵطÿյ̫ˣʵڷֲһλ
ԸͻȻûʵĿ£С˵ǶԣŮ
ʵ޷˵޶֣ڿͣ˺þãЩҧгݵζ
Ůﷴӳ˺һ뵽˲ǰפ¥µˣʣָոȥ¥ǶԷޣǸäСӣ
ԸһߵսɿסĵմѪһ´ۣʵڲԸʣȴ޷Բ֪֣̣ɫ˼֣ͷ
˸ĲƣԸ¥ڣҰһλϣקһ¥йԵƬ̣ȥš
˵ֵ꣬קĹǴͻò۵˹
ﴧĽһһŤ˶ĳ¥ǰͣԼ϶ͷߡ
ӴôӶ洵ǰ̹ס¶ơ
̣սӻͳԸǴӣɲǷǮͷҰ
ǻ֦չڿһӺЩ鴤ҧгݣⲻ
Ź֣һֱţдֱʵĿôһգ˾ôӣ㲻㣡
Цõ⣬ڿԷҲûƽЩ׬ö࡭
⻰ǳ̺άֲסϽʣһֵЦ⣬Щ˶ˣ¥ᳵ·еĸֱˣǮжԷ˵׬
ģùָԶʾԼ¥С
ӴһСĽӣ׵УЦ¡
ʲôǮ֣ŭ֡
ȥ¥ǶСĸλ
̽תתйؼһϣǮӦ㡣
ץСѽʹŮУЦ𣿡
¥᷿ڶ
õ𰸵ｫպãŤ뿪ǲ֪ҪģģĸǮ˵ҪõǮȻҲһСæ
ߣʵڲϰƣϰߵһߵĹ㿴ȴҲͷƫһߡ
Ǹع΢ԶһЩ𣿡СţҪԷ̫Լ̫Ӳľܾ˵ġ
ǰĹﹴЦڶϣ֮ӣûеһʱŲʵӲϲ𣿡
Щʧ䣬ĻĿİͰͽţĪҪ˵ҡҲ˼
Ŷ˼ǱϲˣعЩ룬µͷС
ҿҷ˺ϲ
ס͵̧ͷ⡢𣿡
عĪҪȤˡڰ½ΧĿعϡ
ع¥еĻǵ̫ˣע⣬λá
ڴ˴һֻܿص¥ϡ
˿̾ع
ͬǻعȴȻԵã¥߶ȤĿ죬ҲԻ˵װ񵱳ӣ粽С
֪ĿһԼĴ˰ǰõӣһƶᣬҪסʵ̫ˡ
ڰµһ̣¥һϮµ˹źɿ£һֻÿĺ̨ϡ
ºͬʱע⣬ȻڰµԺУȴճͬȵĻ档
пĻ棬ﴩһ޵ĺ£ź䣬ǼΪÿģһҲˡ
عԶߣöǣ¥֮УԼɫʣޡ
͸۾ȴ뵽һͬ貽Ĺסµ֮У޺µŮӹźڸ߿£ƮƮģ⳾ǣֻһֻɫĺҽһ
˵һ̫ˣͬλãÿȴвͬԸ;ͬĽ·ϣע߳һ·
ع趨ȻǼġС̾ţĿ
Ҳŵĺ컨Ҳ׽ɢ
䣬Ŀ˳Ŵ棬ǡһֱϵ߶ϡ
ԸƱڴߵĶһ£һ˲ĻңŬҪһĨЦһߵȴߡ


99 
оƱ֪ʱ, ڴߵŮӺʧһɫʡ
ԸãǹŮȴǰϣ֪Լһ·ڸ, Էȴδκζ
Ʊеƽʧ˲, һ澵, ӳųԸҲ޷άֵĵĮ˵޾ıˡ
̬Ⱦ޲ƽȵˮ棬˺ûд̴Ļһж̫ƽ
ɳԸȴԸ, 궯ʹеľˮҲ, ҪС
ԸԼ, , Ҫͬķʽ̴, ġ
ԸķŭЩûУôƽģٽĿͣԼ, ׾ٵƿߡ
֮еۣʤҪܵһС
Ըڸ֮ͬǰǰҹ䷭, ܶھԶһЩλ, ۣ벻ע⵽ѡ
Ҳ, ֪ԸθԼΪʲô֪ԸвһЩ, ȴȥ롣
ǰԸģһս֮ʱȴĿϣĳɳ¶ڶԷʱץס
ɢһԶûǰ򵥣򲻵ѣʩչһжɣ̰ƲΪƹֻ農һбãֻܻȥֻǲ׵ġ
ʵھôһ֮ʱĽ·ǰףеı̫࣬Ҳֻһ޷عλɢ֮ǰʧȥļָһأЩڲȱٵģȴҲһصġ
޷У޷֮ϣ㻹ʱָ
Ըμ䣬ûкͳԸǶιȥǲģĹȥԸռ˾Ҫλá
ΪҲãǸѩɽҲãĹȥƲԸĴڡ
ֻǣ̧ĿڵλãЩѾҪˡ
עɢͣڵ㣬Ӧõġ
عһϣ֮ʧ¥תǣûлͷΪκλ֮פ㡣
Ͱһȴδ˽
˵Ը֮׾ӵģȥעԷһֱԼϵߣûͬ¡
Ǹҹɫڲ֪ʱµĽֵϣߵЩ¹⣬Ϊҫ۵Ĵ˲ɴ·żŵĵڵ˵ӰӣЩʡ
ҹķдűĳߡ
еӶҹȣ·һҲׯСҹ˼ƺרע¶˹š
С£ȥѡһµΣ
ͣⲼׯǰĹ⽫ڵϵӰҹɫУƺЩҹеɫʡ
ˣŵ𣿡
ڴһЦʮ̴ŮɵĲ߳˰ȵƿԵ֣һ˵
㡢ңŮӵĻЩ죬ϳҵݣ
ΪȷһֱڵˣάĲ࣬Сʦӳ֣ôҲñһŮϳŶԡ
ϰȴҡҡͷӭЦ뷲ֺαһ˵
ߵʱ˴˴̵Ĳͬϰϣֻһ۱㿴˶Էı࣬ǳصĴս֮޵Ĵڱ㼫ˣϰıǰ׺ʮĴ
ǰ˵ǡȥָ࣬ԭģ
ϰɨһۣȻضλǽеǣһǮٲäҽ
ǰҲֻǴԣɾš
ҽҲӦģҽֻΪģȴûܾȵ
˻ϰ䣬δȫȼڴʱӡ
λСǰפ㣬Ҫһµͷ⿴
Ȼ˵Ҳ֪񿴲Ŀϡ
֪ͬԼݣ֮Ϊɾδй֮٣ûΪѶԷº͵ǱҪºΣ
Сʦ壿һ˲δ£֪ɫϸǺεģ
ϵЦºָͣ鲼ϣ±ɼ£պñɡ
ΪҪ¡ҪʳڵĻס뵽һϮ¶İ
İ£ÿα֮ʱɫΪޣȴϲﴩµʱÿʱʹŰﲻ
ɰȴºܺãһˣ֮ˣᴩ޵ļ£޸֮ˡ
ûлᴩҲӵСָͬͣ鲼һЦɷΪҷһ
ϰĿǿɫϣȻȻ
Ͱ뿪˲ׯϰȴδܹϡ
ԸɫΪѿĿֱֱǿҪĺɫϣ仯
ҲҪǿмϰĿٴ䵽ǿɫƥϣ̾鲼Ȼλûʣࡣ
ǮԸѹסǵķ뷨ڵңҪʯҶ
ҡͷڷЩ
ҽⲼ£Ըն
ȥɡ
ԸȻȥҪֱļơ
֪ڸţⲼϾڴ˴ҪǿҶסģ⡣
˵꣬ҹɫϹǿ鲼Ϻվһ߾֮ˡ
Ըûǿ鲼ϣǱ뿪˲ׯΪԼ뵽Ҫ͸һ˵ļ£ȴζܾġ
о̫ͣѹ
˵Ҫɼ͸˿ʼҲȥԵĻˣ·ȫֻʣ֡
ƾʲôûΪԷ£һ˼ʮ꣬ȴȵõƾʲô
Ըĵһһţƾô룬Լ޷ͨǸ˸ͻȻߣ׿ڸΪʲô
ҪֱӰǿ첼ߵģýԶٱҵĵطĻ㲻Ϊһͼˡ
ɳԸ֪ãֻǵᷳˣס
Ըǲ֪ģһͬ뿪ׯ֮ڳкȻһϢϤȴִŲı֮ơ
ط治һ㣬д뷲£㲻ڡ
Ͱ²ûкͻȻ쳣һϡķʳǣǿĴڣ˲ȶ״̬
ʿ˺ˣܵķҪͨɱɵһʿֻ𵤣ٵһǣһҶ׾ٵġ
˴ǻʳǣһиһ롣
ٶȺܿ죬ԽϤĸоԽԣ˳ƫƧһСԺͣǰЩʣǴʦ㡣


100 ѩ
¹ʧȥƵں߸߹ҹ, ʹǳ֮ð
СԺڶĸλֱħħ֮סλԺмŮӵ, ϡ
ŮӹԺ, ƾħѹʧص, ¹ڵͶӰŮǼΪģ㿴ţĸ
ɲǿȥˣ״̬, ƴѹԼ, ¹ڿ, Լ´
˵ĴԺŮӵע, зŷħĿ, ԭ΢ֻͫ·ĺ죬ȴֱһ˿ǡ
ʦ㡭
С£
Ű¶㿪ͻȻϮԺˣֹжļ֮, ħŮ޷뿪СԺ
£
ʰ£ҡҡͷעȴϦѩϡ
֪Ϧѩʧ٣ʵж, ǿתһΪ, Ϧѩעһ·
ͷʼ̫ѣ˭ͻǰͷʼ, еģϦѩҲûǸʱ, ҪһܼΪķӣںܳܡ
ʦǿתնϣ㲻صķɡ
ʱǡڣ䣬ʦԼұأҩϣħ֮սҩľ޴޷뿪
ϦѩõƣԼڽǿתΪҪͻƴǿпɽ֮ʱȥһκɽء
ԭ۵Ķ±޷֮أϦѩ޷ɽۣڴ˵ͻƣΪѹס˴˵ػ۵Ŀ磬ܵķͬȶġ
ʦʦʦÿնڴڵħݺѹһ֮ϣеһжûиϢĻᡣ
޷ϦѩģɽǲǲܿƵֵұ㳯ǶĹ뵽ʦźεȵĿʹ
ڶȰʦ㣬һҲãȴͣǰĳڶ¼һĻغϣϦѩһӵĴʦ㣬ԷΪڶĸ֡
޹ڡ
ǿתΪת֪Ҫˣģţ´ٲ֮أ޻ڡ
ϦѩԭǷ̻ͨҵŮǼг㣬ܵãһ䣬ǣױͬݺϵԾĸزʱʮ꣬СҲŸѧ·ֻڳݲػŰ㡣
ǮƾҪծ֮ߣĸΪƷǣűСĵܵܲҹɫ̣ȥûǮΪĸҩҪһ׼ʳʲôᵽȫѧЩֻʮ졣
Ϊ㣬һ˵֧ĸزԴȴ׵£Ƶ־ɺÿܻǮ٣㣬ܵ䵱Ʒ࣬Ϊ̻ŮС֪ɽһ
ʱϾֻʮ꣬ҪչزԴĸףҪܵã򵥡
Ҫծˣ˼еĵǸϳլӣزĸ׺׵ĵܵãһ˳޼ҿɹؤ
ҵһéݷСƣ֮ʱˮ͸£ϾǼңڷ絲֮ء
ĸ׵Ʒڻǵ䵱ˣûһȶľԴʱһ춼޷һٱĸ׵ĲҲԽԽأʧȥҵĵһ죬͵ܵͬʧȥΪĸס
ûǮײģéݺһӣݲĸ
ŵܵвƣ˭޷ԤһᷢʲôĳգɽĶòұͻȻĴɽУ֮ͣȴֻСôɽ߳˿ڣѪһ
ڱ֮Уʹĸ÷˴׳ϣñ棬ǻСӣﶮöܱķֻŲҪ괵߱ˣȴΣա
úƴҪץסõĸ磬ɽ֮УԶʧȥټ
һŴѩҹΪѰҩҰǣ뿪ߡ
бʲ꣬ļȥֻʣ׵Сá
ȴû׷ŹϦѩƺ￪һЦʮ꣬ϰĹѧֲˣƵԽܲÿմöӡ
ȴҲü죬þһ·εӣǸӣֻһҪʮãСôͷѪϦѩҲһһηɱ
õԼµˣѪСУҰҽǰҽһҹѩʵ̫ˣаѩѩסСȣͬҲһסСõ
һʮĹﳹ׼СõʬصݣʧȥϢãѪһص֣޲Լͬҹ
Ĵѩĺôëһ㣬ͣţš
һһ죬ǰĹʧȥ˶ϣⳡѩ֮ʧȥʶ
ʦ˵ڣĵ˹ȥ֡
һտʼ˹ȥʮΪ̻ŮݣϦѺ̵״ӣŵĴʦ㡣
޷ɽۣϦѩִվ֮ϣһνȥĹ꣬ʦõıӰ¶ּǿ޷磬ȴġ
ΪڵĴʦ㣬ڣͲʦʦΣ֮ء
һʼ֮࣬޳ֻ֮޾ѩ
СԺУ޷ѹ߱Լڴ˵صŮӱħϵڵϣǿѹƵʹһɽķСĿռУ޴޿ء
ŮǿѹڻָһĨǣϳ˷ԼҪ˵ˣ૵ʦãСʦ壿
ˣЩԴ˵ԳЦþˡ
գСhˡƺָǣԺУһּѷסͷüͷţƣ
ѩ
ʦ㡭ΪϦѩ˵ǻþ
Լ˼ŮµĻס̧ͷоǲţſԼİ£ĿϣȷԼδ
Сʦ壬ʦãǡϦѩ໰ҪʣδԼƫԶķʳǣ಻ǰһĻĿȻߵİϣֱֱŰϲŵɴ
СʦáŮڰǰ˻ΣҹŶȾ˺죬ȴû緽ǰ裬µץסµֱۡ
۾ţƺôҲû뵽»㡣
ʦ㣬ްġһִֻϦѩסϣᰲοţ֪ʦ㵣ԼδȶԷʣ˻۾õġ
Ϧѩ֪ԼʧЩʦʦöΣԴ֮ѹЩŵ뿪ǰŵĶ˭޷Ѱ
ƫԶķ֮أ޷֪Լ֮ΣʱʱѹÿһÿһҹҪѹǿΪķɱеľȴҲ޷ǰĶˡ


101 ·
۲Ժеĸħ, ˵ȷǳڣ֮
뵽ͬھУǸ׺Ĵ, ŲµһЩԵɡ
ڼ̵ʱ, ϦѩһȦ, ʦ뿪꣬µΪúͣڴڣʦŷɣΪȴ˼Ҫͻ֮ơ
ͬ, ٶ, Ϊһʱ, ӿġ
Ϧѩ뿪֮ʱ֪Ϊ, ʱҲδܲΪ
ϦѩŰ֮, ĿϣΪͣɽ׳ڣȴҲ޷СʦʵСʦﲻͬˡ
ҲϦѩɽ, ϵЦϦѩڿﲻͬСʦеů֮УСʦȴһûеĵȻ
Сʦ, Ÿʺ㡣
Ϧѩ⻰ķθ֮, ȥܾЩ̫ᣬϰվǰ, Ὣ˱ȴñԼ, ίҲܲв˵жԳ
Ż˵Сʦ岻ʺǶȴ޷޳䡣
ʼǲͬġ
ϦѩĻЦˣϵЦȴһ˿
վѡ·
뵽վڽɽ˵Ļ˵״һ֪Լ飬Ȼ飬ô׷
ڿȴֲϦѩѡ֣һ̫࣬Ϊ̻ŮʱǼг㣬ͬʦ㣬Ծעǰ·
ȥ뿪ıʹһӶ޷߳ĺڰ£ѡԼ㹻ǿֻ㹻ʵ˵ʸ񣬲ܻס֮ˡ
׹ưеСԺ֣ȫ˵
ŰǵĻڷµĴע⵽˳춯ǱͶȥּջء
⽫ԼƽͬĳԸܵһ˲ֽԼЩ뷨ѹ£׿ԶԶڳиߴš
ǣϦѩע⵽˴˴СԺı仯סħɶ¡
ͻȻ뵽ǰؼͻȻ춯гд͸¶Ļƹ֮عλظ֡
Сʦϵ͹ȥȫһؼκһȴ̺֮
֮£Ժеĸħƶ˷λԭĺɫ֮ɫӵĽϣΪĩ
ָΪ飬ϦѩüģƽϢ˷ɶħ
Ժԭĸħڴʱ⣬ǵƮɢռ
Ƭ֮䣬ԭסϦѩĥʹķɶħ֮ױ㱻ȫѹ¡
ԶڳиߴһĻĳԸȴü
Ϊƹ֮ǿΪףȴ⶯ıӦеĹ켣
ΪǶϦѩ
ԸͬΪָλӦ֪ΪɣȻˡ
ƿôãϦ֮ʱĹ£ʹȥй֮£֪ͬһ㡣
Ĵʦ㣬ҲҪСʦΥ
˰µĵǣ͵Ҳ޴󰭡
ֻеһ͸Ϊٽ֮Ϊѹħ֮ס
ֱӳְϦѩ߹һ٣ȴ㷽ѹ·ɡ
Ϊ˽ʩչһִµھϦѩ
˵޷ϦѩȻ߻ħĵأҪôն԰Ϧѩȫסȥļ䣬飬֤ǿ
ҪôǰϵȫΪͷʼ
Ͱ½ѡȨϦѩģһֱȥֻ೹ħѹʹ·
һʿ˵ΪҪҪƴһȡԵǧ궼ҪһʿΪʵ̫ˡ
ѡ£ûʿԸΪ
ʦ㣬Ҫúÿǡ֪ͬѡжѣϦѩǿһΪ˵õ㹻ǿʵȴҪ
̸ס
һԸ߻ħҲ϶ϵ飬һǱӵл֮˵ʵһ޷ġ
ǻͣһʱ䡣˵µֱԷ˼ŵͷ
ˣȥа׺Ѱǡ
ǷȥһΪն̶ǲ׵ģϦѩ޷ƺȻͰ¾ͱȻԹۡ
ʵжϦѩѡ񣬿һˣ޻ͷĻᣬϣϦѩܹףľһҪء
СԺһιƽͰ뿪еķһڵĳء
ķ磬Ϊƹ֮ȴǲƽġ
ɱأ뵽˳ԸԼȥǧʱ⡣
ͷĲǳͷ˽´˵ȽѵԼɢķɣԼһͬɢ䡣
۳֣ȴҪһһ·ͬǣ֮·ټ򵥲һġ
δ֮ʱƿѣּ򵥵·Լǰûͣһ۵Ļᡣ
룬һϣԸһֱǰߣ˳ĵҲãҲգϾʧȥͿΪҲѹһ̷Լ
㹻ǿǲģεʧȥУ޷ץסĵбã
ʱûѡڱؽעʵȴΪεʧȥԼ
û˸ѡĻᣬԸҪһڵ񣬶Լˡ
ڵһϦѩԵĺǲͬģһѡ·ߣɻѡĻᡣ
Ͱס׺һĽϣһջԸסջԱһңһ䷿š
͸ȥӣеĴţȴ沼һƣסܷĿܡ
Ը֪ڷԼȥԼԷĲ֪Լòãû˼ȴû뵽İȴڷ
ЦţֻҶûйİ
ôҪҪӵ뻳Уȴƫƫܡ
İƻǸСȥ֣ȴһͬҽӭȵֵ̫ȺӵţǰõƢϵЦů⻹Ҫ͡
вǲɼ֮ֻҶԶںڰ֮͵͵ˣͼ͵͵Ĺ⡣
ҹصİ಻Ὣ䵽ϣҹشԼʱûͣ٣û䵭·޹ؽҪ֮һ㡣
̫ƽˣûжһֵᣬûһֵƫġ
޴н˼žģƽģзȴҹ¹ۣĹںڰеϣ޿ɱܡ
ͺһ㣬ţҪԸˡ


102 
ʱһζ, ϰҹ£ºͰٴֿĲׯͬһҹ
Ҫ˵ҲǸֵ, ϲҹ, ˾ͽŴ, 鲻һֻ϶Ű档
Ͱǰ·Σܲˣûš
ׯڣͰ½ѻ¡
׺˻µģҪЦ, Լͷϵļմŵ, ÿϺÿ·, Ŀ
ͳһʽУ֮, ³·㶼ɫġ
˵Ц, Щ·ԼģڹͣǶʱ䣬ۼСǡҲһֱǴʵǲ, Сʵڻ࣬Ǹĵģ֪׼£֪ôѴ´B, 뿪ʱʵڲ˼ա
B۹ȻǼõ, Щɫȷʺϰ¡
ϰȴϲУ֪ǼһᴩԼ, д˽ͼõĻǺ߽˿, ռãҲûԵûڡ
Ȼ˵ʲô·ʺϰЩ߽˿Ϊǰ㵥һ㣬̫Ŵϰ߽Լ
۵ɫһ㣬ȻƲߵĴڡ
ȻҪŸÿ˵ţգۼ˰󣬽һֱϵϵİɴ·ɫΪһɫʡ
Ҵƹǿ鲼ϲģеĲϷҲǼõģҪúñܡ
²֪Ǻɫֻ²ӦҲɫӡСʦ岻̫ɫ
ͷȴЦϰ徹ڼ󡣡
ǣϾǿС⡣ϰ䲢ԣĺɰ̾һζ׵ķϣҲ͵ģ
·ӦδǮæʵЩҪ
ʣϵЦñ¿һҪˣϾǺʹ˵㣬Ǻÿģ˷绪ïͣȴƫһ̴ζ
ڵĻʼ˼Ҫնٲźʡ
ȴߣϵЦºͣѵϰ岻ѾչǮ𣿡
ţһʵʱ
ЩһֱͬСʦһ飬֪Сʦʱϰ
Ǯǲһġϰһת˵
ЦԷȴ̾סڳǶǸһܷʮ죬ҶСˣ
ΪѩҲ˵ġ
ҲˣʳǻˣûҲûˡ
ϰ̯֣ʵڲĳⶼΪС⡣
ҡ˵ĻϰЩм¥ϰͷ뱲ӣʵ̫뿴Ϸ
һ̫ˣգ۾͹͵ʮ꣬þȻģҵڷ俴Ϸӣ˵һʮǰ·⾩ǣŮȤ
ѹסϦѩħ壬ƷķдڴˣѲ³ⶫ
հϦѩѹħħΪڴʱ¡
Ȼ˵ȴóǮЦû´ѩȰеİɡ
ϦѩӣȻѡһʧȻϣϦhѰԼʿϡ֮ء
֪޷Լ£ﶨȻס˶ĵطѰһɽӴʧŻѡ
ƫƫϦѩһΪҪľ֮С
ϦѩȻ֪Լʧػвӣ򲻸ѡһط
ҿɵƹ֡ϰùǮûд򿪿аš
˵Ȱǡ˯ѣ̫ãûסȥɽһȦû뵽㱻ɽķ紵һƤë
ұ㿴ɽֵʿԼڽУȴֿƲסҪ
ԭһ㶼£ȴû뵽ǹڿԼһ˲ƺָǣûб˵ҪǸ
㣬µĴԼһ鷳
ϦѩµĽԼһû顣
Ǳ˱ģû˽ԼȴֽԼ
Ҳ˴ĺģ㱻Ϻƭմɽд˾ǡ
ƭ˵ǽ©һʧص˳˵ɴ˵ϰﻹһԵãҫƭ˱ģ˿̸ˡ
⾩ǾͲһˣǹһǸʿɽ׷ģҪľǣҲᵣЩͨգǸұħ񲻱ƽĶǿ
Ǹħз˼꣬ƽֻ·ȥ֮˼ͣЩ
Щ裬ղͣû裬һЩϰߡ
˵ʱϦѩǡ߽ӣﻹ¸͵ħε
ϦѩЩģû뵽ԼбڱԹԼ⻰ǡԼʶ
Ȼ˵ȷʵ
ͷһװԼģЦ˳ϦѩǸĴʦǵһο˲˼
Ϊһֻ꣬ҪһƤϦѩһۣһʱӹ˶Էﱻ¸͵ûסڡ
ϦѩȥĶ׵ʱԼģȻƭ˾ǡ
ʱ˵еΪڣԼ޿ˣԷȻƷԼȴû뵽˾֮Լ˸ƫƧСԺħһڣʮ궼ûһۡ
ܸ֪ھסţȴû뵽һסڳǶһסڳǼԶޱȡ
Ϧѩûģ֪вȻסýЩÿչ۲ûʧ֮ס
ֿϦѩû˵ڵԹŴЦϾҿɲȷܲܵеù㣬ҪˣסԶܡ
ϦѩĻֻۣҡҡͷʵ죬ȴҲ֪ԷЦ
˵Ĵһ£ɶԷֵȷһֱڳУ䳣ʧشڲѵ״̬ȴܸоħһѹסԼ
˴ȴҪħһҪ֮±ȻԼҪѡ·
ʵѡͬԥз񶨹ܶΣջѡ
䣬ֻоǿʵܻס֮ˣ̻Ů̫СˣСΪ˿۵Ķ޷ػ˵ԭ
ϦѩڽһߣһԶʧȥڱŵߡ
㹻ǿΪһ̷õƣһ˵ģʦԲҪ·
ѡʼ֪һ·ɼ·Ҳ߳·ӡ
Сʦ壬ʦãҪ¿ʼ
ܼᶨʦϦѩҪǾԵҪʦʦá
֪·಻飬ΪΪ˾Եʵֵֺ㡣
Ϊʦ֮ȻɣΪϦѩȴǷǸСС顣
ǰ·ѣҲһҪȥǸ


103 Ӧ
ϦѩΪͻ֮, Ҫ£ȴĪľģҪܹǿзȥΪ֮ʹ
̲, Ϧѩ񳣳Ӱʧصģ, зȥΪԾ
ȴһ, ϳΪĹʹ࣬впܳ˵˵Ҫޱϼѡ
Ҳ֮·֮򣬺Ϧѩص, ޷ֱӳְ, ȴϳΪĹлס, 䲻ȫڲܿƵʧȥǡ
, ϦѩϳΪ䲻, ȴҲоա
֮֮ΪΪͨˣϦѩһֻ˽ʮգУµΪڴ˲֮
Ϧѩʧȥʱ, ¸ûס£ڰߣʱסҪڵϵĹ
ɫ԰ǿŵڵģг
һߵѽϦѩٺ, תת, ôҲһʮĴ䳣ڷм, ܻãеġ
緢˰СΪ, ħ޻ޣճ˵Զʶﲻͬ嵹ڸع黹һ㣬ȻǼٵģȴͣš
رʩչʱϿĵǿ棬ĵĸͲǵʣ֮Ϣ
Ҳ޷ģʱˣΪޣڻһ֮ܰæ࣬ǹŷܷɵԷΪǿĴڣ̫֮أǲ̫֡
һ£СҽһºͣΪܰæһ
￴ǳ֮һеȻ࣬ûסˣ
̾Цҡͷûлش⡣
Ѫ߹İ׺ڶʮǰǳҾķ֮սԪˣʣѪ߹󣬿ȴֻ׺֮ʱ屩¶֮ͬ˻ȥǱץ߱Ϊūȫ˵ı룬һʮꡣ
Ѿȴǳս˲ͬĲмǶοµĹȥоһ죬ȱĴмпǸλƶˣ޾
ͬģ֪һЩԸĹȥԲŻȥ
˷ϵɽ磬ȴֲϢǳǰħսԶԶԸһնʱħħؽ͸˵նϺ֮¡
ǰֻ̾һϣɵλ֮Ūˡ
ֶϵԵѰ䰮Ǹ鲻ģǱųԸعλȴ顣
СׯǰΪѰһӣ˰С
Űʧ̾ԷڣԽ˼֮ϢĿš
ʵ֪ãûѡס°Ϧѩһʼ֪һѡĽڰڽ˰ڣԴ˼ٶԷٵġ
ӻµģһʱ¿ŵȣʵ΢С
ԭƵģȴƫƫ޷аţܻ˯Ĺϣ̲ס̾Ϣ
ţҹ紵Щ⡣
վԺУҹаԲ¹ⲻôۣһ֮С
ӳŰԲ£ȴҹɫ͸¶һ˿¼
ͬɫ£ԶĳԸûס˷ŲԶľӡ
ơ
ͬģԸоǱίôҪȴֻԶλá
ȻȻ˳Ըϣ΢΢ͷ޵ĺɫ½ĵøҫЩųԸʹƲߡ
Ըͣڷסˣҹɫгԣоޣб˺⡣
ǵĶûάֺܳʱ䣬ȴߣһ򵥵󷨻סӣȻȥԶɡ
⡣
Ըʼͣǰ˵ıӰϣգۣһǰãºòײеһεദʧ
ɳԸ֪ǣ̫ˣҹڲزס
ǰߣԸɫ£ߵ·ϣȴ뵽˺ܾúܾ֮ǰ
һԸһξܾƽҹʱȴҵ
ǰŵͣ˽Ųȴûڵһʱת̾ţ볤ԸʱԼĿײϡ
ͷԸȴûвһ㣬ɽĿϣִš
㿴ң𣿡ᣬ㰲ҹ˵Ķ䣬ϡ
ʳԸıӰ治
ڹȥЩӣԸʦ㳣ĿڶԷϣһ̶ƿ
᲻ۣҲվһ󣬵Ȼ֪۵ġ
ԸȴҡͷΪڶǷϲضزס
۵ġԸһ£ҪǰߵߣȴҪʱת
ϤĿߣȴһԶƫ⡣
Ըվͣ˶Ŀཻʱߣơ
£ܺÿ
ţںµ°ڡ
ʧ䣬ޡ
£ɫ˵̫ޡ
ǰ˵İԸʺϺ£ͬµİվһȴɥ֮Ȯ
ãǷ̹Ȼ³ĳ˲һɫʣʧǵҹ˳ԸƲķ羰
š
ӦһûⳤԸرܿߣǡõľ룬˵Ѱң£ĪҪˡ
ȴ־飬ҹɫǲ˵ᣬȴӵ¹ֱˡ
ǲһģ޾ѩ䣬ԸȴĵƮƮģȴ޿ɱܡ
ĺһ̼⣬һһΣţϰߵ֮Ԩ
Ը֪ԸЩӣҹ֣ȴһֱںţҲãԷһθߵĻԼ㲻
ƣߣ񶼲Ͽ𣿡
̧ͷ̾ȥЩеģ˵ţųԸ̧ͷûпҡ
Ը
Ѿ㹻ˣɳԸȴǲ㣬ӣᣬҡͷ
ûУһֱڡԸ뿿ȲһҪʼնڣơ
㵱治Ҫ𣿡
ûлرܳԸߣɫῪڣҪˡ


104 Ҫ
Ҫˡ
ɫĺ, ᵽЩϵ¹š
Ըȴᣬû޵, һ, з۶ûǰ, һ̵ʱƱŻ֪
ڴʱԸϺоֻʣ˾ûʶԼһ㣬黬գҪ֮ʱ, ڷӦ
ָڲ, ȥ, ȴֹסľӨ䡣
̫Ǳ, ԸЩЦ, ȻԼᶼƲס
ԸĺܺÿǺйǵĺһ㣬ޣģ, ϧ
ûкޣǱ̾ˮͻȻֹסˡ
һ˲, ڳԸմָϡ
ԸȴΪһλ, ֶ΢š
ԼǷݻȴѱ¶
ҡơԸԽһ, ס䡣
ƺлҪ˵ɲµ͹ֵĻҴ˼, ޷һ侲
Ը῿¶Ⱥζȴƽĸӻң޷侲
Ҫβ侲Ҫú˵ģ֮ôʱ䣬þġ
Ϊ˵Ȼ˵ڴ˿ʧȥˡ
ʧ̫Цˡ
ԸֽӵסڰƻУþе
ûƿԸûгοıʹ
ƽÿ£˵һյĻ
Ҳԭ㡣ĴҲһ˿۵ģǷ˲֪õ۵׻ӿȴûиı
Ըˡ
ӦĻҹɫ߳һɫչ⣬ǴǡֵЦЩֹΪζ
ʦ㡢ӦˣþòΤ޵Цϣ󻺻ڳԸʱͣ£ЦݸӲá
ʦþãû뵽ΤҡҡͷΣԭʦѰˣ
ȥ²Τ֮Ǻ˼ܿΤе⣬ݵԵɱǳԸ
һ볤Ը룬֮Ի뵽볤ԸģŲΤĵ
ΤڿԸʱģͶ˶һݱ飬˶ܿóųԸ
˵ЩȥҪˣԸ֪Τ飬ȴһδѡһƫ̻ǸĲ˵ʵ
ΤЦòã²ӰһߵԸߣʦָ鷳ˣҴʦǸ
ްԸ˵Ŀ⻹ͣϣƺΤĵ޲
߰ɣĪҪѰҡ
˵գת۱ʧ⴦ûнһֶĿϡ
صĲׯҹδߵĺ֪ʱƣԺж¶
ҳƱһơ
ǴѰľƣ¥ɫ°ǡáֻһ˶飬Ȼ˵ģ
ƹҪ˵գЦƣ̬ȡ
Ķ棬һ£ҹһֳ
ŴЦΪӣʹƲǡ
ҡͷЦΣʱȥǷԣȻЩ
һ⣬ֻΪġ
ġ˸Цòã̾ĺã˻ã೤ֻĶ
֪볤Ըһͬ뿪ģħЩֻ̫һƣ
һҹü죬ҪϦѩһЩĹûסȥܸоΪżӿ죬ٶȣܿ
ϦѩڵڶʱʧȥΪĸо޺ܣڴãŻӡ
ʱﵹԺϻ˯Ͱǡȥջ˳ʳ˯ȥĺѡ
ʦ㣬Է
˺һŷӦһͬʰӡ
ǰһĻʵЩ֣һֻ֮Уͺֻص˹ȥǶӣûвʹޱȵķûоı롣
˯˶ã
һաش
ϦѩЩӦΪʧ֮УһѰͻȻϹɲзһ㣬ﶼԾ
һ𣿡ǰҪæȴÿ˻ȥ
ֽŲȣҵ緹
ϦѩЩãȻ£ȷֻһգ
ǵû赹ǰﻹû飬ôԼʦСʦദǢˡ
µͷ϶ˡ
緹ΪˣͬҲڳгһλΪҪʳİºȻʧȥΪΪͨ˵Ϧѩûһ˳Եöࡣ
Ȼ˵ĻǱȲһͣµ졣
Ͱ±Ҫ뿪⾩ͣãϦѩһȴҲ뿪֮ʱ
Ϧѩûͬһ뿪ѡʱⷲ˳Уһ¿ʼһ·Ư޷뿪̫Σգڵвκˣڴ˴û뿪
ͰԼ֮£ȥͬϦh֪䵣ģ̬ǰ
ﻹҪдã£ÿտԩҶͷΪԼЩȤһסϦѩʮСԺ˹ֵĵ顣
ΪϦѩµһ֮УҪҸɽչҲǼΪѵġ
ǸĵΪԼѰȤΪܾķϵ֮ʿ·
һΣϦѩ̤ϵ·ֻһˡ
ͰºܿһǣֻǸսвãͻȻͣ½Ų
вԣע⵽µͣ٣
һ£ԥ˵Ըûǣ
ĻǻסˣԸǵôҲñڲʧΪİע⵽
š죬ûŰµ˼Τˡ
ħȻû뵽ΪԭҧҧֹҲ𣿡
Ȼɰµĸ֪㹻ǿģͲǹȵߣ뿪һֱ󣬱ǡôľ룬ױµ˸ǵ˻˭
ţѩ
ͷӦĻƺл˵
ǰϦµС˵ţСʦ壬أ
²²Ըʲô֪޻ŪףЩܹҪ˵ġ
СʦɼǵЩȥ򣿡
ţӦȴóʣһݵǰ
ҽ֮ǰصʦʦһΨһ֮
ܳһʱ䣬¶δͨкãֻΪʦʦ׼֮֪ǳԸǴġ
һƱչ֮ʱͨйؼһƣΪµĲΪͣͱͨȴø̶ʱһͻơ
ʱΪûеҩо˵£޷ôСʦȬ뵽ϻʣһ㳣оڷ
СʦӦܿɡ
ϤڳԸıԴ֮


105 
ǣлδɢ, ΢΢ü
뵽һ׮£泤Ըȥħ죬Τ߰ŵͬһ޶, ʱδȫƿ, ±δ롣
ѹջڿǸϤ, ڿΤȼ뵱ð´ӦԳԸ֮֡
ΤмڳԸϢʱ֮죬ԸסΤԪӤȴ޷ȫڶԷϢ, ʱΤܷĹ, ִ򲻽ڱ, Ϊ
ͬĵ, ʱסȫΪ, ˺ĽأȻȬ
ڳԸıԴ֮صüȼеıԴɢڿУԴ˰ָ
ֵԭ, ̺ıԴ֮࣬ɢȥЩֻ
ʱֻΪǰºķҽˣ, µΪ, ûеҩ£ȷѰ쵽ôȬ
޵˺, ԰ʱΪΪȫס, ҲԺȫ
Сʦ壿
ĳĬðЩʱһսʧѩɽۣԸΤ뿪ڣ³վɽߵɽѩɽͼѰټ
ûУҪˡ
ҳûлԸ𣬼ʱܷ̫֮࣬أ˻һ¡
ȴ֪ǷЩˡ
´δ£ڴʱôһֵİûڣЩ뵽ǧᰵһμСʦʱ£ǲǱһ
ǰ㶮飬ǿСʦ֮ľ𣬿ΪСʦ壬ȴڹȥ£еԵɡ
´ûо飬ڷ¥֮нֵεĻʹɷ¥̫ӣʹλ̫
ʵһ·Ϊڲ˿ȴһδνǰϡ
ǰ鲻ãȴ̾Լԣ֪ͳԸĹȥ֮󣬰±㷢ľǶ˲ģ׷ֿʵ˱̾
ѡǰȴһ˿ᡣ
ΪĸоϲԼ˽ģȴ̲ס
ѹе˽Сʦ壬һգһ˵
пҲãûпҲգϣСʦһ飬޳ټ̫ˣĿĲһ棬ȴҲ޷жǼ٣Ǵֻںޡ
áӦ°µĻȴǸϡ
̾
Ըûпأ
Լʵĵд𰸵ģɼпָΡ
նԵ棬棬Ǽ٣ʱģۿ֮˽Լ࣬һֶٸеۣҪô
ӦȥҵԸѰƿ֮УƶԷһеԵ˵Ϊк塣
ӣͰ˭ûԸԭĶڰǵ˵ûٴγ֣伣һ㡣
󣬰µΪɴ˵񾳣Խ
Ǽÿտʱ䣬żҲڷһ߹һ䡣
˵вͬɽȴһη𣬸ӿš
²δʦŵϵһ죬յϦhĴţ˵һЩ֮£Ҫ¾ϵݡ
ϦhδԵдֻްΣڰߺʦȫԼУ˭޷
ϦhæѰҰ
յ֮󣬰̱ҵ˵
һû̻شµĻгĬţгѼ
ԭһнǶ׼ȥһЩͬڷ乺СԺĳǣǧѹǲ֪ǷģСԺסˣһ죬Ǳ˵ҪȥйһСԺʱڲǰһ
һţƻעҡ
С£𣿡
һȥһ׵ġ
۰ѡһŰ£˵һ̣ϣܹһ˽ġ
Сʦ壬Ҫȥġ
ԥûУôᶨѡӶźѾҲѰ
ֻǡµĻһԥ̾Сʦȥһˡ
ƺźǷݲ˭ܿó
İ£οްġ
ܹҪѰһԺסţҲãɳҲգǾסݡ
οŰ£ǰᡣ
ͼЦŻӦȴй¶һݲᡣ
á
ʵжףǲ̫һģȥĳоסһѰһԺӲͬ
졣
Ű¸ϵݾֻʱ䣬⻹Щٶȡ
ΪؼѰκһʵڲʲô
ĳҸۡڵĹǣǴĿȴǹǣǸ˰ݵڶǡ
ʱȴЩףڵӾۼڴ˴
Ͱµܿ죬ûֵĶŷΧڳкӵ̨ѰϦh
Ϧhһ̨ױϣǻûвƷˮ棬ǰ㻶Цϲֵģͬڵֳȡ
еûлζƯˮ̧ߣĸ̫࣬ײܶ
ڲ֪ʱվڶ԰Ͱϣʱһ̵΢١
ڿٵز֮Ϧhע⵽ıϹ۵ĺ£ǻǰһȣȥ̾
ȴֻ¶˵һĨЦǷЦûִ̫۵ףСʦ壬ʦ㣬ˡ
ͷϦhģУӦš
ڼϦh֮ǰӦ˰µҪ˰Ϊ˭Ϊͣڴнף޷ߡ
ֻΪΪʧȥ۾Ϊн׵ģϦh֪״̬һὫŴС
ͬģڰ±¶Ϊ˵࣬Ϧhǵͬһͬ֡
ǰµȻѾµ޷Ӧ
ܺÿϦhĬãǿһͰ¡
û˵Եɣֻһ䣬ͻȻһ䡣
Ϧhǰ಻ͬỊ̆оƣ᲻Ȥ˵ƺ뿪ڡ
ǰϦh˼ӿ
Ϧh뵽˺ܶǰϦ̣ʱ´ңڻֻһֶвϵСš
ӻҵ֮ͬ޷⣬ŶȥʣԸͬϦ̼ͬŲ࣬һһ޷սУ̶ͬȥֻϦһˡ
ʱڵɽǰû˹ȥɽʱ緢ֻã벻⡣
֮УͬλãϦhϦԭ㲻һɶһãľء
ֻվһĺӵȴڴ˿̾ԽʱĽޣ޷ͨǰĽȥڹȥϦ̣޷Ϧhߡ
Ŀͣ˵ػȴһֱıʹ롣
֮⣬Ϊ
ؼǿĴڣȴͬҲΪĴڡ
ײδĹ켣û׽֮ˣ飬Ĵڡ


106 ȳ
Ͱµĵ̫ͻȻ, Ϧh䴫Ҫ¿Щ˴ȴû졣
˿̼ˣǻĳЩ
ʦ㡣Ϧh˰Щƣģ, һ·ˡ
µ, ֪߳˼, ʦ㶨Ȼһ·ûЪϢ˹
ȥ㣬ϱŲ֮󣬰ʦ㼸ûͣЪؽɽҩʱսǹؼҩ, 㽫Լҹ, ǡȥɽѰ, û˻ֹᷢۻ赹ȥİ¡
ʦȰҪչ˺Լ, ǧ忪Ц, ȴԼͬҪ
ʵѰ֮ˣȻʦ㡣
ʧͻȻ佫Ϧ״֮, Ƕ̶һµʱ䣬Ϧ׵ȥͰµʧͬʱûϡ
ֳܱңɰϦ֮ºȥµټ, 鵽ȥħ, ȴ޷鵽Ϣ
Сʦħһնħ֮´磬֪ԭСʦ徹ȻҲħ, Ȼû鵽µϢȴԷЩ
һ, һʦСʦһǴǲµġ
ϦhûзѰҰºϢһֱûеõ˵ͬʱȴҲſģûϢҪȵõجĺõöࡣ
ȥŽأܴʱǶҪŵܣ֪һΪڵһ졣
˵ǣȵСʦعλһ죬һ˻صŵİ¡
ϦhѲ̫ǵԼտµĸоˣҶϲġ
ɵʦΪˣһ˫۾ٲ֮ʱǷϲȴҲ޷
ҡͷߣЦŻشϦhĻǰް
ȥްʦɡ
ȻûϦhѲǰˣܿǿųƣ
ʦ״̬ްϦhأ̾ʦȥ
ϦhͰѰްǴϵ˿Ųֻǰ˯˹ȥ
˿ԭڴϵͻȻۣ黹ܶš
ްߣĿУްΪλ㡣
ϦhҲʱ֪֮˵
ħõָħ֮սƽϢһЩСĦȴ֮ǰǰƵҡ
ްǧᰣǰްڳϻǧһְֱӻصڣȴ·֮ʱյ˵
ް˹ϵãѪԵһɢһڣȴϵ
ݵڶΪѰǣǽа֮Զ˴ͬϵƹǡ
ȥѰǰް˵˴еԵɣҲΪˣ֮ϦhѸٴڵӷסݵڶǡ
˵ȷΣգްľͶȥѶϢްٶȼ죬Ѱ˱Ӱ֯Χסˡ
ɵʱ״̬Ϊãĺܴ֮£ްһ·ܳУ֪ңѡȥ
κ;·ֻ̫֮࣬ʹԼƭ·ˣʱȻ˵˲׷ǲŵߡ
˵һ·ѰۼҰͬʱǡۼ񽻽ӵ껭
껭һʱ佫Ϣţֳһֵһͬȥ֧Ԯް
һߣ賿һСӵݺͷֱԵһ׷ħĵɡ
׷УһӰеİϣһս
賿СӽʮˣΪȫԪӤϣϵӰһʵ޼ʤϼãһսʤ
賿ָȺӰ֮֯µĺۼѰѾץߵް
ûóȻжȽϢڣѶ껭ϡ
ϻӰݱԵʱЪ֮أھһʱ̽󣬷ЩĿҪȫȡްΪ츳ɿܡ
껭ްʦһţСް߳Ȼ㿴𾴵ĳȡΪ
ȴҲ֪ţ껭Ҫż縺εĴʦ㲻ͬϵûǰأȴҲƹȥϦhǰ㰮֡
ڸϣ괦ڻ֮еǧᰣǧһ᲻СеĵŮ츳ãɼиȴֻĹߡ
ʼ㳣˶ǧᰰĶ䳡бһһʤˣĸ׻ᱻ۸ٿۣ껭䣬ͬ಻䡣
ʮ꣬𵤣ǧᰣΪǺõĿʼɼпĸŮĴ󷿰¶֣ʧȥĸס
ϵ˸״ĸӵֽţ׷ɱεްӴȥڲΪ״ӡ
껭ĻСѧ̶֣ûаް£ȴҲްİӡ
Ӱ֯һǰЦߣ޹ɾɫȴǱúڰ̡
ڰ֮У껭ۿЩ˽׽ĳηС
ް㣬Ǳһһݣ䲻ڱûкûԭЩ˱ж°ͣҩĿУⶾҩܹʴ˵Уͬʱڴ֮ʱ絶һ㣬Զʧȥ˵
£껭Ҳܵȥˣ賿һͬӰתأĿĵϢݵڶǡ
ްӰһ˵ĥ״̬ԽԽڼѰ֮ʱ껭һ賿ް취´ʱ䡣
ǵļƻ޷죬һ̣¶٣֮껭µ󷨣Ϊ賿ƴް˳ԴѰ˴Ϧh
ٴѰԭǵ֮ʱ껭ԭӰһȴʧȥټֻ֮ʱͣѰǣ˵ؿ
ϦhĴ£Ͱһμ賿
״̬ͬûкõðջӰ֮֯УӰΧ֮д֮뿪Ϊнףĵʵѵá
Ͱ£ԭԺиĹվЩţ𣬰ʦ㣡
ϦhЩؿһԷ磬ʱѾܹϦ״ŵĴħʱ賿ֻŵӣӡʱ䶼ǳĬԵģó˵ȴµͬдһɺݾ˭۸ˡ
ʦãˣ
賿û뵽һ仰֪˵ʲôʱĬˣͷ
ʦãþò
賿̧ͷ͵͵һ۰£š
ӦµĻϣһ£Ҳǡ
ţϦhԾһ£Ϊ賿Ϊ㣬û뵽ǾȻҲʶ
СʦʦҲʶ
Цŵͷþò
ʶ賿ԥһ£˵ûǰСʦʦ㡭
ʱҲڡ
ϦhײˣãȻؿ賿ȥͰ£ôҲ벻ԼʱСʦһ
ʵ벻㽫ʵĿϣȥ벻ȥѰǰһ
һ۱ܿ˼СhɻǵǧǰһͬȥǴΣ
ϦhͷҲû˵Ҽǵһҿջķܺóԡ
ûסЦҡҡͷѣ峤ҡ
Ϧh͵Ƕξ£ſ߲սܶεĹȵǴ峤ǸС
ȻţţӡУǸСҲǼСģ˶ӣǰĬȴݾĹϵһ


107 ҩ
賿֮ͬϦ̻֮һʱҽ޽ְ, ܵĶƤ֮ˣ൶۽ˣĹ, û֮, ûʲô
Ϧh˴Ҫæûʲô, ֵҵ֮²ûз
ڴ˴ҽ޲ֻаһˣڼް֮Ϧhһʱ֪ͨɽҩǼλҽҽˣʵڼ֣ϵΪ˶ȥİ»
յϦhѶҽ޼˰Ϊ賿ҩ, µĽ, ˱һ뿪賿⴦Ժӡ
, ֦ͷ, Ϊϵ֮, ¼ûôδϢ
ް˲ǲΣЩ˸µĶҩڷнؼ
ΪҩǳֶҩʿΪĸߵͻὥʧȥС
賿˵, ްǰǿйֶҩĶҩĺһʱɥʧ˵
ްΪѵ֮˵ֶҩҪ߸²ȫʴľ, Ų, ѵĵز
ԭ򣬱Ӱڴ˶ֽš
֮ǰ, Ҳ֮ȴû뵽, ҪԵıѽ
ǲȴҲǡǡ˵˽֮С
¹͸Уµķ仹΢⣬дֽϵľ֮̾ҹĺڰסӰ·Ҫɡ
С£𣿡
⣬˰µķţӰǰ
ǰһ֮ͬʱϦhûиŰһ
μ棬ǧһμϦhǹȥϲͬô겻Щ
֪ϦhʵӦ໰Լֻ˵Ѿͬô֮Щܹȥǰ˵ˡ
Ϧhֹᣬǵ˱仯ΪϦhСʦ壬ǸȥСﳤˣֲֻˡ
α仯ǸվǸʵλãȥԼܹ֪֮£ͬŬΪѰҽ֮
´ţվǰ¹ϣ濴ŴŵĹ
Сʦ塣ЩͻȻڴʱ£
¡ֻǿʱˣлŹ⣬
еĹʵԣ֪ǵŲסӭ߽ԼУż˯һΣҪġ
ϰ˰ĳЩļ֣ҡͷƼ֣˵ȥǵûһͬȥɽвҩҲҪһ˵¡
仰ЩֵζеĹȴһֲ٣֪СʦǲֱӵԼԣЦ˵ԺȻˡ
һű㿴˰Ϸдֵֽţ¹ȻҲ˵仰ݸϡ
Сʦ忴
µֺܺÿȣƫСһЩмͬŴʣȴֲжеΡ
ǣ
ֽһгܹ֮ķַ꣬ȷ˵ڶ֡
ڶֽⶾ֮ƾҽ֮⣬Ҫ֮˻ȫҽӽȻ֮ų٣жڵ඾
Ȳ˵ް֮԰Ϊ޷֧ǿģЩҽޣ಻ܹȫʩչ
ųڶѡ㻹ʣѡ
ֻһΪʡ
˵ֱӽһѡų
ֻȥеĽ֮˵һΪ򵥵ġ
ֻλ֮ͬҽ߽λ˵İΪ޻䶾ҪҽΪжߣҽ߶Ȼ֮ƿغ֮ϡ
Ƿ֮ǰλ֮ͬʿѰɷڽ죬ЩΪѡ
ͱصҲѴˣǲѰҲ֮ˣӰ٣޷롣
һַǿѵһ֡
ѰζҩҩһֶǼΪĴڣɽ綼м֮ְ֪ڵıܹѰ
ʣҩֱΪᣬѪֲݣʯ
ĸԸ֮ᣬд˵ף֮
˺嶼ںеȺȺֻڻ˵гֹѰס
ʯ˵ڷ˵ؽĳһڶеĺϣҹţҪͬʱѰֻҪȵҹͬһ졣
ֲΪѰȷټڣڷǴҰޣҹÿնֲݡ
д棬˵գָ⣬һָѪ
˿ϼ죬µѪڽӴȻ֮ʱɢڿУʱ˴ʤ
ҵѪɡ
סһָѪڰС
ΪΪüͷ֮ѪҲɡ
֮ѪҪĶ
˰½Ļ̾䲻ͨҽȴǿһ֮ݡ
˻ĬССʦ壬Ҳⲻ㡣
һⶾ֮²ûдʩҽҪķѵ
ҩһֵгǼΪصĴڣǿԽ˴ͷҩһЧȻӺãɶҩҽ޸Ҫ󼫸ߡ
ʣҩ㽻ҡдⶾֽ֮ţҹްϻܳһ£ʮ죬ҶȻὫЩҩء
ܸ˰ûѡǰԼȥѰҩС£֪ʩҪҪҡ
šͷӦĻ
û׼˼Ǿ˴ѾĴ㣬ʵڶǲʩŸ´ڲãһһǿнǲһԡ
֪ȻӦԼѡǾ͵ֱͬȼɹɢ
뵽ֽⶾ֮гѡǰΪСʦѡ
Σ⼫̵ʱﶼӲһǿҲһ졣
֪СʦһֱΪԼЩʲôʵ벻ҪСʦЩʲôЩӣǸһֱߣΪ͹ˡ
ٶҪ᲻ûȥ
֪ǲеģСʦֻסĺãסЩΣʱֵ̳ģҪĴһݻر
ҽһرҪ˵Ļر
֪Сʦ岻ὫּΪѰҩϣϣСʦ彫ЩӦ͵顣
֪Լʼ޷վͬȵλϣʩ֮ʱҲʣ޼ˣʱСʦ壬վһλϣٲҪ֮ƽб
ҪÿǷԼֻ˴ͬλãĻŸʱٿһˡ
Ļܹ뿪֮ǰ¸һЩе˵󷽷롣


108 
˵س֮ʱ, ﻹδг޵һ˵
ʱԼߵ֮һ壬һ֮һʯͷ
ʯ, ɽ, ֻǿɽо, ֮
ʱһ·⴦ɽ䣬ʯ֮ϴһҹʯӴ˱ס
紵ǧʯڻ, 뿪˴˴ɽ, ȥѰǸټ, ҲѰˡ
ʯټؼ, ڲپССɽС
ʯ˷˵ϲ, ֮ʹԼ֮ˣԻصɽ䡣
һΣڹ·;ϤϢ, Ǹǡ
ǹһƲл긽µУһֱͣڴ˴
ʯлпڴ˴ľ
̣Ϊʯ, ̫, һУעܿˡ
Ѱ, ʯ顣
ʯصɽ䣬Ϊ, ڴ˴ȫϢĥ
ɽ֮Уסƶ˵ڴ˴
˿۵ͨɽʯ֮ϡ
ʯ֮ϣ֣ɽʯ֮е΢⡣
̾ţϢʯ֮ϡ
ֻ֪ųʯȴ֪ʯҲһԼĹ¡
ȴΪԼԸ֮Ը֮˲ٱ롣
ʯָֻһʯͷʯͷΡ
Ը䳤ҹ顣
ʯɢȴѳ̾ʯɢȥﳤһȴڡ
ɢȴѰ֮˲Уͬȵĳ
һգҪһȴɽ¡ʯպã
ԼԶ˴˴㡣
·ƶԸǰʱҹܾɽ䴫ƶ˵
ͶĿһ̣ʯˡ
ﱾԾȣȴڻ֮ʱѡ˷
һԣҪɽһ»꣬һҹɽʯ
ѰһǳʯڶҪѰ֮
֮ӣ˫
ֻֻһ˵ɷ֮һ۵Сֿ
Դ˺Ϊ磬Զ߱Ǳϡ١
ֻΪΪϡ֮طֿɷߣȴ֪˺֮
ӣԳ֮Ϊ֮ӡ
˵󶼻ữ֮꣬ӣֻء
ʱںʢϪҡڡ
ÿʱӭţɭɭɳĮ¥ǰȴ޷
Ϊ˴˵Ѱ֮˲ʤѰ˻ȴ١
ײɣѰ
ֻ֪ʱʱȴܺһΪҪĵ
ϣӰ֮ʱӰӳճģлˮ趯
磬ʱϢΪ֮ʱ
ӵڴ˴羵ĺӰӰе硣
ͨҪϣԵز٣ˮǰ򵥡
ˮеһͳߴڣһ֮ƿ
ĵƺԤϵ
һЦΪ֮
˻䣬ڽµҡҷţһʢŵҡҷų֡
Բ˻׵ãȴȲġ
ӹһ˲
˻⣿л
ȴûҪ˵˼ߣӳ˴ʱģˮ沨΢˵ĵӰлεţˮеĵӰˮƱģ
ǰԸ
ˮеĵӰ˵š
Ŵ˻ˮлζĵӰͣһ˲ӾҶһ̵¶άֵƽ
ˮУվڰߵַǰĿڵλá
ԭΪƽȴûвʱ򣬻˵Ϣ㶯

ԼⰲӰϣ˵ǰᣬȴƮ˺ӰĸԶһ
Ѱû
Ѱã
벻ԸѰôΤƣֻֿ֮
֪Ҿ͸֪ˡЦҡҡͷƺֻ£ڴ˵ˡ
ϲ̫ţֵԼĿڵλãֻصǰĻ⣬֮ģ˻βˡ
ֲ֮ʱҪѰҩ㲻ﵢˡ
˵꣬뿪˴˽磬һˮվ֮˿ŶԷһ仰
Ըܿ
仰뿪˴˴ԭȥѰλڷֲݣ˻ĿָȻת֮ء
С
̫۵֦ҶС
껭мٱţٶȼ죬˾಻ͣ¡
԰Ϊ׵Ⱥͣ׷ţһ΢ٶȣᱻצ
һÿصĲݣòݱҪѰֲݡ
껭ϻžˣٶ£ٶȽ
Ƕڴ˵ؼΪϤ껭֮ľԽԽڽҪľŮ֮ʱǰĽƻʿͻȻԱΪֵײԶϡ
ɲû¶ֵӺ¡
һգѸٿסת򣬶סײϵŮޣ쳤Х
ȺѶٸҪ͵ֲݵ껭Χ
껭󱳵ѪȾϵ۸ΣվȺϮһһֹסɣתһȦԶߵϡ
ʱҪϵĽ䡣
ڵϣţĿסͻȻֵһŮϡ
ߵ껭ǰִΪͨĳߡ
𡣡
Ը΢΢ɫºЩ˵ԭ˵
ǣ
껭ֲ뿪ٶȼ죬˿ûԥ
ǼҪ׷ȥԸȴסȺȥ·
ֻһʱ䣬֮˷ֱֶ֣ȥߵĹз˲Ծĵط
곤ԸеȺУӴ彥࣬ԭͱһռݣֲݸǰ֮ȴδһټ
һ·ȥδѰֲݣȴϤ֮ˡ
Сʦ塣
ϤϢͬҲĵͣ£䵽껭ߡ
ڴ˴
һ۱㿴껭ѵ״̬껭ڰȫĵط
Ѱֲݡ껭óպõֲݣϣɫܲ԰ףҪ֧Ųס
պ賿ֿ֧סӰˣǿ޸ĳɱΪ֧Ϊֻۣ֮Ҫбܹơ
뵽ǣӰǰ֧Ԯü죬󷨱ó֮ƽ⣬㱻ס
֪ΪΣӰͷŮЩ֣ûԼͶǰݶĶҩֻǽܻһЩֵֹĻ
ץһ£ǸŮÿʱ䣬һзȴǰ򿪣ʶ֮ˡ
η֮ΤԼӺڰη˳ΤŵħվԶĳԸ


109 
껭˵, ǳԸΤо˳ħ֮вŵԵײСı¶ΤĲµһʱ佫, ֶβ˴ݵϵ
һ·׷鵽˴, ԭڴ˵ͷʶ, һʱŴ󲿷־뿪ڴ˴֮˺ܿ챻
Τ˳˿׷飬Ը껭˴üƲߣѰֲݡ
ƻ, Ըܹ껭İȫ
ްҪҩһ¸֪껭, ǰ껭, ֤һͬȥ, õֲݡ
ڲֲݵĹ, Ըһֱ껭ߣ껭𽫿ҩİߣ֣Ըںʵʱס, 껭֣ȴҪѰ
껭²Ը˵Ϊ壬Ȼ㵽ΪβԽ, ҪԼͳȥ
ŪЩ, Ҳûм룬ֻԼӦ֮ɱá
ԸסЩ, ڴ˴գԭΪȥ֪Ҫʱ, ȴû뵽ˡ
ӹԸ껭ᣬֲһպá
껭˵֮ʱ˱Ѿ˷֣ڴ˿ʼǵⷬж
вδֳԸϢ˵Ⱥһ뿪
ҲãڼԸ֮Ҳûʲô˵ġ
껭˷֣·еúص֮ʱǡù˶ʮգʱϦhѾڱеҩ˹
ζҩ룬ȴûڼҩĵһѡʩչ
Щİ£̾С£ְҹˣ
껭һߣ¸Ϊ俪˵ҩЦûк˯СʦĪҪˡ
ʦĪҪǿ껭΢΢üͷŰµоǵǡ
ͦصˣҩסһʱ䣬ҲʱϤ֪ƽŴһ϶һ£ײԼ塣
ҡͷֻ֪ǴҲϤҩǼΪѵ֮ǳ˲ѰңЩ
˵꣬껭ʦƲᣬӦָ֮ǰòҪٶ
껭Ӧ˰µĻɫҲڴ˴Ű£ǰûס˾䣺ʦãЩϢ
ֻͰ˺󣬷
¸ݵֵҩо׼ȷʹãʱҩĶЩӲһӰ顣
ĿڰµӰϣｫеҩַ£ػء
С£
һʯĶסתĶӲ
ʯͷţ
߽ߣĿڱµʯϣֽĿڰϣ˵ǸոմӦҪЩϢ𣿡
»硣С˵š
ǽͷŵȸĻ֪Ұͣ㰲ҹ
̧ͷ˿ѹߵ£ҫŵǣҡҡͷ
֦ͷʱ䣬˯
΢죬ϰߵͷ𣿡
ЩӣҪ˯һЩЩӦʼҹ߷Ӧ
šͷ㣬һҹ죬Զ㶼֪
¾ȣʱ
ȫȻǵļڷ֮ʱѩȴټס
ɻģЦҾ˵㲻֪ɡ
ºҵ治ǵˡ
ûȡЦС˼ǺҲЦˣʱǸѩֿãܴ󣬱ûгţ˯ˡ
˯𣿡
š
ӦĻûи߰µǣյȷܴߵͬʱЩˣڰ·˸˯ŵ˲ûע⵽
ҹǸջȰ˵·ҩݣЪϢȥˡ
ҹȴעǸ֮ҹĲҹ
ڰ˯֮һԺУ߹ŵ̾ڴ˴һǺܾá
õɲݺĵȫҩķʣʱ䲻࣬һͬѰϦhһ˽ȥް
ʱްѾȵ˵ĵӰɴƵҩͰ֮С
ްֻۣǱڴϼºһգûЩӾʧ
ʱȻʧȥ˿һ˵ĵŬҪ̧֣ҩͰеֱȴֺδ
ºһͬǰҽ޽ʩҪעϦh껭ʼ⣬ǰš
Ӱ½˴ʼް߱һֱϣֱֱŰ£żȴ޷飬޷ԼԸ
ֻ㿴£ȥǰæһЩˡ
ϧŰ¶ҽ޶Ϧh껭֧˳ȥû˽ްϣû˿еĽ
ް˵ſڵϣڵһ˶ߡ
ʾȥ£һܹ˼
˫ȴڽն˷޷˵кԲҡ
ްżʾϣܽ´ߡ
Ϧhǲͬް֮ߣ֮࣬ױܿ
µΪţ֪Լ״̬ΣǿʩްҲܽܵġ
ǰµĳСΪƴģְǻЩŸճһӣҪΪԼ
ڳ˶еζܹȴҲ޷ֹ
ڽӦҪע֮£ʩǰѪްڵԡͰУҩԡͰ֮ˮ˲硣
ѪҩȴͣˣסҪͷĶҪӡʩȴ˴㲻˵һ仰С¡
¶ʱͣ˶ȴûת
ĪҪǣǿ
ް޷ǵĶԻǰȻӡʩҩ֮ԴԴڡ
ɱεȴûж࿪ģǱҪֹµĶûа취û֪಻ܶʧȥӾûˣ£Ҳ޷ֹǰһĻ
۾Щᣬʲô˳ˮУֻһΣȴԷ
أްʧȥ˶ĸ֪ƯˮҶˮƷεţƮƮȥżҵˮ˴˷ʧȥʶ
ϢˮųĶرǣŰ¿ƵϢԴԴԡͰ˵УڵĶء
ʩܹ֮Ƶȴڲϼ١
ڰڵıӰҲ벻´֮ˣΪҪ㲻׵һ
û·ûδ
ѪӿϢ⣬ǵڵϣֻ˸ɢڿУȿֺǰʩСϣ޲ĵ
Ѫںȴɢ죬޷޲ʧȥ֮
ɣļİѪɫһվȣСʦ壬ߡ
ܾڴ˴ϦhǿԼŲסɢģǻ̫࣬
Ҫ㡣


110 ټ
Ϧh껭ʩһʱ, ɫѵİ¡
ʦ㣡
ʦã
˰Ϊ½֮£˲ûпߣֻΪǴ˷ʩŻġ
¿, ûǰӦˡ
±, , Щأް֮ѻ⣬ȴС»ȥ
´סŵСԺµ˵ǰá
ŵ̾ҪĴһ, Ų˶á
Ƽ򵥵ʩͿ˰µ, Ϊά, Ϲ֧, ѺľΪ
İ·ŵ, һֱΪ
ɼҲ޷ֲµġ
Щˣ񲻸˻ҵһ, ȴΪǰ˴
ϵﰲţźûΪ̫ĥ㾲ģϢĴڡ
ȻῴŰôǰʧȥ, ²޿, ǿԼ侲Ѱܹİ취
Ŀڰµ, ܰףȴЩ΢, ֪ǲƵġ

뵽ؾժµһűСʳһﵱӦʣһŵġ
հµӣ罫ϣУȥѰҲڶʱҵڡ
Ŀ˰µĴϣһԡ
ǵðµû˿ԣԲд
ΪŲסڶҪķѵҲ˵ﻹк֡
ƾ˲ΪΪǿбƳأЩܹŵһ̡
ȻڰѰһǰõ̾һ
תתֻصС
Ϊ飬̺ڣ֮ѪмǿϻĹ״̬Щ
һֱҹȫƾڡ
ѾǵյˣΪǿᵽ˽֮
ˣڰУɻã
ӴסԴҡͷš
ԼΣ֪֮ǰԼ½˽£Ϊȴڽ𵤡
ԼϢϡ٣תھ֧б֮
סܹҡ
վԶλãԭŴⷢûȥ
峺޹ж˸ӵУԼ̫
С£Ĳ𣿡
ԼЩ΢䣬ζ
ڴߣͼĻȥڵλá
ˡԼĴȴûеõĻش
Ҷ֦Ʈ䣬ӳڴǰ˵С
վƾоߵߣСʦ壬Ҵ
תѰΪٵķ
ҡͷץס䣬Ҫɢģж飬һ˶ݵĴ
Сʦ壬ңЩŸΪҪ𣿡
ĻĬˣҪȰµġ
Ը⽫ָ£Ĺš
µޣǿнһξûа취ˡ
񣬲Ϊһ˽ѹҪְػ˷ֻܹͣڰСϡ
ΪĻЦˣЦǷĵĻϲ˵ƽʱ纬߲һĹһЦȾ׵ɫʣӭŴһƲۡ
ģӳУס
·һη˰µĲͬһ̣µģһĨɫʡ
˭޷⣬˭Ҳ޷Ĩȥ
µռʲôλأǰ⡣
ΪͬţΪڰߣΪ֮ˡ
ڻָ˼ݺһʱ뵽ΪĹΡ𡢻Ҫ顣
ЩֶеģΪԼڳ֮ǰµ򣬲ɲ
Ľ
˵֮˵ǰĹͽ
ǵģ
ǶģΪǺ˵ĸӣһ֪Լǲɿصġ
ɷϣȻǰ˲ͬĴ
Ӵֺ֮ٽֻһСһԼжĹȥˡ
ǷվͬһˮƽϣûôûЩǣ
뿪ϦhΪ׼Ժǰͬȥް
ްȰҪһЩָţʱȻԼ
ĿڶԷϣ´һ顣
ȻܹԷɫ󷽷˿ţֻֽϦh껭֧˳ȥ
ʦ壬ݶǳĶȴ޷ĺκãʵڱǸ
ްҡͷͷóŵȴ򿪡
дްҲϲ˵
Ŀڰ²ס۾ϣΪ¶ͷ
˵Դʹˣǰ񿴲
ʦ壿ǴްǴģֻǲ֪ԷǺ˼
ްҪ˵Ļ£ް֪ӦҲڣһա
˵ĴͲް˵˻ֻ㷽ʽ˵˼һֲ˰
һСͰ뿪ǰ¶ʦδָĺá
ްҡӣ°ĵģ߶ú£дɷĴ֣֪
ºǱϦhһˣûȥԶĵطû뿪ݡ
ŰѰݽΪƽһǣһСԺ
ڴס˽£һҹӭ˰µʱ̡
һҹûǰ˯ȥҹĻǰԺҩ𣬲ôҪָҩ˵ķаڷźãһҽΪͨһǰæµ
հѮºԲǰ΢䣬Щů⣬Ժеķ綼ǡõ
վԺУûп£ûйǡ
ûʲôֻվ£ʲôĶûС
ҩİûæѡ˯ȥߵߣ˿ûнҪȥĿ־塣
Сʦ壬Ҫ鷳㽫ЩҩøˡţҩٳɩҪģҪš
ЩӣǰΪﲡҩЩ⼸ܶΣ֪һˡ
ǲһһ佻Щġ
һһӦ˰µĻҩҪ֮ˡ
Ȱ½֮꣬־
ҹз磬ҶΣԶżй
Сʦ塣²ҶӰӵҡʵҿԱ𣿡
ǰ𴽽ǵĹָ΢紵мŵľ롣
ԡ
䣬ǰЦǰӵµ
һ綼ˣڶŲҷ̫Ψ־µˡ
˶ֱۣڶݵͣٺ˰µ
Ǻܰ˭û˵
մϵĹｫסԼ۾Ĳ¡
ɿĻһ
Сʦ塣
ӳ۵ĺ£лŸȡµĲ
˫ÿ۾һζϣЦ⡢޺Ҳ޷صĻϲ
ټˡ
Ӱ΢ɢҹ£֣ƮڿеĶдġ
ҲҹɫС


111 δ
ƿ֮, ˿ѩŮƶˡ
ķ׵ϣƺǳ֮С
ƶԶһŵŮӣصԴԴȥ
ڴ֮Ϧ, , ܹõ, ֮Ϊʮʱ䣬޳Ӵ֮ؼƮţᱻעĲлꡣ
̡
Ϧͣ, ƶǳߵŮӸ, գۼ˶Էߡ
ƽ㣡
ϦЦ, Ŀߵϡ
ǰȥǰ, , ʢؼǳ
һϦ̣Ϧһ󲿷֮УҪѣ֮Ҫߵ·ܳ, Ϧֻ̱һˡ
ڷϦ̵ĵһۣ㿴ȥˣδ·;֮Уһδ·ͨ˵ġ
Ϧ¿ɽʯ׵ĵһʼ, ·ˡ
һ֮֡Ϧվƶ, 粨ӿľơ
´֡Ϧ̾, һֵ֣Σ
ǾΪµĹȥ, ֪ĿҪ̶ֳ֣֪֮ܵȡ
ϦƫͷĿµĲһ̾
뽫ĳ˯ǰɣ˯ƶ˵Ҳٴ
ΪߣңĶĴȴΪһΪؼ֮û
ܾ֮ǰһ̰Ļø侲һЩվƶ˿пãǶ
ǰѪϴĲп֮ĵĶҡͱ̾˲е񷣣ԭǳսһûзȺıѣǸʱ˵Ľѡ
һں뾭Ľ١
עҪΪˡ
֮Ťתⳡ󣬽۶񷣣һ޿ء
ںܾ֮ǰѾǲɿصˣݲɿظ
ɿصĲ֡Ϧ̾ţƽ㣬ȫȻǲɿصأ
Ŀӳɫɫˣÿ˶ͬǧ˰̬
޷ƵϦϣزסĻǻ𣿡
ҪɰδţһҪƬء
Ϧ̻һһͬƶˣϦѺ̵Ĺǰè˯Ĺǰ̧ƤڿϦ̺
è¶˲˼飬ܵϦ̽űߣҧסϦ̵ĿȣƺҪ뿪˴
Ϧ̶һۣϦ̽èʣСèߣ
èܹ˻ͷϦɽһΣͷŮûи
ԭϦ̴˴ΪѰϦѺµĲл֮꣬ûлعڣƾŴеܹڵϢ
бһϦѺ̵΢ȴһֱš
ڻڻ֮УûвϦѺ̵֮ϦѺ̲ûѡ񴩹ڻת
èϦ˴ϦѺ̵סǽ߹ϡ
Ϧߵǰ˴˴ڵİ񣬽򿪡
ǰһţϦ̹ȥֹİš
è밵֮У˿йڻ谵ͣ½Ų
˰źһ⡣
ǸŰè˰еӣӲûдʲô䱦ıڹͺֻаϷӣһϦѺдµճ£ǸӰ֯йء
Ӱйصļһճǵıʼһˣֵǣһȴûһ֡
èһֱϣŴӰ굽¼С
Ǻ⣿Ϧ̿ȥèȴèʱͷס˰ƺҪƷ뽫
жʡ
èӦ˵Ļ
Ϧ̺һͬϵĶᷭµĻ
⻭ϵϦһ޶ϵѶϦһ
èߵǰϵŮӣٻͷסϦ̺
ǣ
ȻûϵῴĻ񣬻ԵдһϦ֡
ӱʼϦѺµ֣Ϧ˵ûϦ̻Ĵڣֻнص̵ǸֻϦѺµġ
ֻǲ֪ΪҪϦ̵Ļס
ǽèڣҵӣҲһѰ׵Ļ
èǰǰĵ棬ŤͷϦ̡
Ҫ
èӻƿ
ӴϦ̵⣬ǸڻһССġϦֹʢ
һӾͲ׽ϦѺ̷ӡ⻭еĲл꣬⿪ӡӻ˳
ϦѺ̵Ӱʩ֣һȿ˶һ߿ԼͻȻ𾪵İèЦҡͷ̾ɵè
㵹ǰҡ
èΪϦѺ̵ĳ𾪣ܿ㷴Ӧȥȴ˿ա
ϦѺ̣
ΪϦѺǰ㿪Լת˹ٴڵʱԼ޷Է
ϦѺҡҡͷȻɵġ
Ϧ̽ʧİèӵϱèͷ
èͨ飬һֱĹǸè
ǰèϦѺһͬӣϦѺ̲è裬䳣ԾӣȴûΪèȡ
èǽģС೯Ϧ飬߶Էɶ԰è˵ϦѺ̾Ǽˡ
˵ɵϦѺ̾
ûΪèȡȴҪССĺɽɵʲô
ϦѺ̲ûн̫ʱèܿ㳶⣬ʱ䲻ˣ˴ֻǷӡֳĲл꣬ڽ⿪ӡ֮ܿͻɢ
ҵĻ񣬺⣿ϦѺ׼ǵҪ֮£Ϧ̷ڴʱΪҪĻڴףʣҼ𣿡
ô˵ҲڵĿɽ֮ˣȻ絽ĻǻҲǹܼ˵ģֲǳòɼˣôҪĻˣ
ⰵҼͽıڣҲ˵һ˽ڣطҲ͵Ķ
Ϧ̲ʲͬûסЦܾûмϦʻּۻ۵ģˣǳս̫֮˺¶˱仯
ϦԭԸ𣿡ϦѺװ֪
ȥܳΪСĳϷỽΪСʦ壬ָݣһСֻ֣ˡ
ϦѺƺҲһзѡ
šͷȥҪΪд˵йصģ֪ı
Ļ˲ϦϵЦдĻɲʲôΪԭЩ򲻿ɼˡ
ϦѺΪڵȻϦдĻû뵽֪ԼΪԭ͵Ļ͵һ۽סϦ̣Ϊ˰Ѻ
Ϧ棬⻭Σ
пɡ
Ϧֿһۻ˳תƻ⡣
ʵ˵пɶЩ⻭ˣоŷƣû˱㣬ǹ񹤣
ԼòΣ
ϦĿϦѺϣЦǼõġ
ҵĻҲܴɽĴڣ
⻰ЩҧгݣϦѺ̾ȫûϦ̵ҧгݣˣ˻̫ˣ㲻뱻˷֣Ųס
Ϧ̣
Щ㵣㡭װɣ
û˵˭Ϊ̫һҪףһ˴Ŷ㡣
ϦѺ̴ͲС£һ㶼ûΪԼĻ𾪵ǰ˵Ծʲôһʦõġȿȣ˵ڴ˴ȫϾһĨǵǣ¾û˻ҵˡ
û˻ҵϦèͷϲ飬ҪèڣҲҲ
ޡϦѺæҡͷﻰ涼Ҫˣô
㲻лҪ˵𣿡Ϧ̲ϦѺϹϻˡ
ϦѺ̹Ȼ죬ϱü죬˲ϦдĻһһһ
һ˵ܳİè岻ȥ
ϦѺָŷһߵӣ¼ճһ
Ȿܺ񣬵һҳıʼƺѾȥܾˣдµЩŤŤģа͡
ʼдֲ࣬ʱϦѺ̴ֲ̫˵ֶ̫д¼ϱֻһֻڵһ
ԽԽÿдµľҲЩм䲿֣һγ˹ڡӰ١֡
Ȿ¼УᵽӰйصĻһУȴȫӰйصļء
Ǳĵһҳ㻭һӰ֯ͼЦߡ
ϦѺڴдעӰٵ֯˽԰¶ñߡ
һӰйصļ¼Уһֲͬߣһ֣һͨЦߣһǻǸЦߡ
뻨ͬһҳעӰʥŮߣʥŮλߣ岻
Цעص㣬֯еλһ㡣
ʣһûЦߣ뻨ĲͬüĵһĨ죬˴֮ɫ
дˡӰ١֯Ȩ֮ߣ֪
ֲͬߣϦѺһҳһߵȴûϸڣǰǳսħ֮ìܱɴ֯ûʱ鵽߲ʥŮߺüĵźһˡ
ϦѺ˵ӰʥŮһʥŮӰԵУǱ¶һ֯еλ֮ˡ
ΪΪ֯ʥŮҪǳڸ˶ߣ˶ڻʥŮ֯е˼أÿһսУһʥŮΣգԸ¶ԼҲὫʥŮߡ
ϦѺ̵һߵźӰ֮˱£ʱͬסʥŮΪܽһٻɱȴû뵽ͬеĳͻȻסǣͬʱҲ¶Լݡ
ӰʥŮʱΪߵɢ˻ɱ伣ӰٽʧҰ֮Уһűꡣ
䣬ϦѺһֱڰе֯ûдջȴҲ˳Ų鵽˲Ϣ
һҳԼϦѺǸƣֽϻŵһ޶
ҵƣͺһϦѺ̵Ҳһҳڴ֮ǰнǧûв鵽֯Ϣˡ
⻭ͼز࣬ûֵһⱾΪΣ
ЩֽšϦѺ̾
⴦Σ赣ı˷֣ʱ򣬺ܶʤ޷Ԥδ֮ᷢ£㲻Щܡ
Ȿհ׵ļأҪԽġ
֮ҪŪ˸ɾûж֮Ϊˡ
һУֻԼصĲӣȻһ֮հ׵Ĵġ
ϦѺ̲ܽԵĶϣֻʾߡ
ܹ˴֮ˣм׽֮ˣڵֻ״ӡ
Ҫ⿪µҲֻϦ̵ȥɽأõƣһ֪ԸϦ̵ĹȥͳԸĴڹԣֻϦ̣һ伣Ŀɽ棬ȴһ˺뵽ݡ
֪Ϧ̵ݣ޷Ѱӡİ취
ǰ꣬ұ㵽Լ١ϦѺ̽Ļ֪ʱұ֪塣
ʱħ֮սδʼڸͻƣڴζľ֮ʱ͵һԽ˸һľ磬ȴҲв˽ѡ
ΪԼħսֱ֮һ̣ûκΣգħĴս֮ٴ˾Ļᡣ
θУΪδ٣ȴԤϵԼָ˱ѣڴʱӰٺճǷǱڸŵӰ֯Եףڴ֮У˺Ϊѡ
ԺϦѺ̱㿪ʼϲڣŵдߣŵȴҵ˶ߣһĵܴӰ֯İе⡣
δδйصϦѺ̵֪ĴڣõһգϦѺ̱֪ȴĵڵУ˳Ը뿪ѩɽΪٶȼ죬ȴ˵ģ䡣
ǧ㲻ĳԸͻȻ뿪ţһеӤȡΪҪΪ״ӡ
ڳԸ죬ϦѺڽסһ̴һԼ١
ʦᱻΧΪ
ɱˣǱͬʿ
ÿʿԼе츳֮ľУʲô鶼пܷʾδ
ϦѺҪֹЩδķһʼ֪ԳԸ飬֪Ըȴƫƫ޷ֹ
֪ΪĹڣ֪δǴֵһ̣ѾѰҸıδķˡ
ȻδҪĵģڳ·ϣԸ䡣
ִҪѩɽߡϦѺ̿ţʱȰ壬Ը
ʮ̫Ѱ˭Ը֡
գϦѺ̻һ˵Щۣˡ


112 
֤Ϧڳ, ҿˣ
ʱһʱϢĹӳԸ̤ڱ㶼ڳԸߣϦѺ˵ҪĻ
ѩɽѩͣʼ, Ը˴ǰ, 䵭, ÿղִǽԼɽĺǳԸһΡ
Ѱϲã˲֪ٱ
ųԸһ·صѩɽȻ󿴵ԸӤڴ, ͷҲûؽԼˮ֮С
һĻʱԹųԸ, ôĽСĺڴ˴, һƽбϦѺ, óԸ޷չ˺
ϦѺδй, ͨٵ·ϣĴںҪ֪ƾ֮ϣȴ޷泤Ը֮¡
Ҫǰ, ·Ϊƾ֮
У˳Ը
ͬģԸͬѰҴ˾ֵƽ֮, ͬ, ֻѡ˲ͬķʽ
ϦѺȷ٣ƾֲ, ʱʱ̿ߣҪš
һ, ڵ֪֪֮ȥѹ飬ˣȥˡ
ѩɽѹϦѺ̿ϣϦĳǱʣϣ
ͳԸһԸܱܽʣȴڵűʵĵ
ڣȵˡ
޷ŤתԼνΪ֮ξ
οȵǷеҪ֮ˡ
ϦѺڴ˴ĻڵȴϦ̵ĵ
Լ֪Ӱ֮ȫˡ
ԣԸҪ˽Ӱ٣Ϧʵ
ͬڵϦѺ̵ĻشȻ뵽˹ڳԸһЩ쳣
յǧսϣΪҪǰµİ취ֿħ⽫ԼƫĽơ
ǳԸ֪ħĵأ
˵ͨˣǹҪЩв֮ĵ
ûϦѺ̵ͷ֪ԶҲ鵽Ķࡣ
ֻ֪Ӱڸڸɣħޣжߣȴ޷֪Щ˭
ɳԸһ֪øܹ࣬ҳǿ֮ˡ
̣ڡ
ͻȻ˵Ϧ̶һۡ
ȾڵλΤǵóԸȥ˼űˡ
ΤɵԵʣϡ
ˣΤʱǸԸȻߣϲˡ
ôֻһܣԸǹ⵽ڱƳϵġ
ʱϦѺ꣬˽˱ѣֻסħ֮ս
ԸһΣĽɫ
ϦѺֻ֪Щ̫ﲻϦ̡
ľһ̣һèĿϡ
ȥദǰ㣬ʱº࣬СĪҪǰס۾
ĬϦѺ̵ĻͻȻ
èϦѺʧ͵شϦ¡
ѰϦѺ̣ʵҲųңɽɽȥ
ƽ㣿
ϦЩǵؿ
̫ϦѺһ仰˼ȴ֪仰ĬС
ϦѺ뿪ˣƻ֪һЩ£ȴ֪Ϊû˵ֻѡ
ҡͷʾԼ¡
Ǵ⴦ĻϦѺ̼ŹڡӰ١ܡ
ɽĻʢèѻصϦѺ̵Ĺǰǰһš
Ϧ˳źɽߣ·վڻʩĻ
𡣡һĿͬеϦϡ
Ϧ̵һţԥ£ȷʣϦ
ֻʶϦ̵ݣѹۣµķΡ
ɫ޸ģɸλӦҲ
񻹴ѵģȥԸҲֻϦˡ
֮㲻ȷΪϦʧͻȻڶʮ
Ϧ߸ؼߵڣϦ̵ĳƺû⡣
Ϧ̵ͷӦ˻ĻʩչΪڴ˽ꣿ
ɻµΪûǴϦѺҪƬ֮ʱԴΪĲ
Ȼʩ꣬ʵڲ˼顣
ĿɻƵĻϣɽƬΪʩ˵Ľܹ࣬ͬ
ƬﱻϦѺ俴ֹŰ壬ȴϸ
մˮĻӭţЩ
΢̾ȥʦƬʱްտ
СͽչţҲֻһйˡ
˵ţŲλãΪһʩꡣ
ϦѺ̵̫ͻȻԼɽˣϦhҲԽԽæӰ١ĳƵħʱսڽ˿ͬԵе򣬶Ϧhת˫Ĺϵ
ܣҲؿϦɨһɽĻ
˵ǰĻƺ˵ȥڡ
ɽԶڵȴŽĻţƺӳϣ
ȥ˵ʦõĻ̫ʦǰ㣬Ϲһûõﶼᷢ˵ÿղ⻰ܾȱʲô
˰ܾ㣬ʦڸɽͷˣϣתһת
ްʦܣұ˺ܶ࣬ʱܾʦܹ룬һ˵ͣ£˵û뵽һߡ
ϦѺһŵ״ӣ곤̫࣬ȴû뵽һ죬֮ᷢı仯ٻʱȴ˷ǡ
㣬Ϧ㣬ˡ
·ĹУסκˣȲκˡ
ֻ֮迴ıˣᾭܱ֮࣬಻֮
㳤ĹУȴ˱仯վڸߴţΪĸоʵڲܣֿʹŪһЩ
ֻǣվǲƫһġ
СУСԺеգµҩøȡҩ֮ˡ
ʱ࣬ϦѺ̣ڵˣвڵеϦףԼѡȥΪϦѩаµȥ
Ƕһ޷ȵı·ϣ·ϣЩʻģ޷ȡġ
˵ǰߵȥػǺ߰µȥġ
һ̣Ժһ˲Ŀհס
ϦѺǰԼȴػˣϦhǰʦȥȥ֮ʧֻܶԳȫˣǰΪеߣƳԽС
ĴڣΪƫƫһûδ·
ؼأ
һֱڱЩţĴں̫̫
뿪СԺһ죬Űʱĺ£֮ճؼһĨҳ
񲢷ǲܲԸٿߵܾѰܹ
Ϧѩɽһ⣬Ǳٴ̤뿪ڵ·;
*
򣬰ɿջ
Ϥλãڴ˴ЩϦ̿ڴԶϦϦhBֱꡣ
ͬˣȴȥǰ㡣
ǻǸȥƺЩû̫ࡣ
һԸϦh仯ģپߵB಻ʹģЩ䵭ȴûʧ˴Ÿеķȡ
BƺлҪϦh˵ģƫƫ޷ڣֻԶӺ̾
ϦҴС˵¼俴ԳصգڴĬǣԺлĻԸѧһ𣿡
ϦЦȻԡ
Ƴһ⻰΢΢üֻ꣬Ҫ㲻⡣
Сۼôǲ𣿡BŴЦҪȥѧ˼ҵġ
ϦhҲǲС
⻰˵̫⣬ϻǲԸB
BϦhƽϣæ˭ҪŰҾǰѧѣ
Ϧ̶һЦ˵ʱ˸䣬ᱻĿǰ֪Ϧݵ˲࣬ĿǰϦ̵ݡ
յĻЩҲ˼˵ĳĬ
ħսӰ١ûѧΣʱӦ
ɷн£ЩǼʶˡӰ١Ŀ֮ҽķʮŽеУΪҼһˡ
ۼͬһЩԭʱеһСߡ
ǹ׶㣬ѷ
Ǵսħಫȴ־ߵĵְµһɱǣҲʹǴԪ
λ֮Ӱڸ߸Ӳƺıһ׮£˻֪ĿĵΪΣȴɿ־Ĵڡ
ħһ壬һ嶼ӰƲϵǾ鲼͵͵۲ţͼıʲô
һ̫󣬽һ֮ŤתʱԭƲħڻ˹ϵ
ħǱΤΪףƫڶԿӰ١һź
ֻǵԸЩȷ߼Ǹּ
ϦhΪ׵ڣڡԼۼҡƫħΪ׵һ򷴶ħ
ƴ䣬Ҳδ򡣡ҡҡͷɫЩʵԹλ֮㷢˶ߣؼһһ
俴ľƣ֪Ⲣһõ
ɿء¡Ӱ١֡
ڳ˿ֳĬϦhСʦΪǸħ𣿡
ﱾƶģ֮ûشϦh⣬˵
ġϦhţ뵽ڽؿЩ
꽫ĿϦϣϦеı𣿡
ûӦĻ
֪ģ˲йؼҲ⡣
BֵЩɢϲҶԽܡ
ֻһĿģЩӰ١Щøɾ
ԿһBִ̫ء
BһĿѽӰйأĸ˱룬ĺҲ
Ǳħ干ͬԵСϦh
˵Щԥȴȫ¶˾ġ
ӰĿĲı֮Ⱥͷһѵѵȥܰġ
ħ֮λΤϣ˵ⷴһϢ
ȥΤɣȴΤĹϵ׺һЩ
Τ񻹲ħŷħסħ֮УԸܹħԸ
˭Ըͷһѵڹؼʱ̱㣬ѵǵҪ
ߣϦ̽ٴγΪͷߣָ£ΪıǲɻȱĴڡ
˽֪ʮǰһ֣֮׷ݵʱû˻ǵǳѣǶǵãϦվǳսվ󣬲Ѻһǰ·
Ϧ̵Ĺ£ħҲϦ̵ĳע¾ơ
ֱӲ򣬿²һ̸ı¾Ƶ֣û֮£ѡ
Ҫ³ҰеϦ̣һħ
һУΪѰԸ
ħʼָһεĳһεĳвͬ
ԸƺԤϵĵħĺߣϴԽħ򺣱ߡ
ǸĴӾڲԶֱգɹĴڡ
ƣˡԸĿʼӳֿʼȫȻģ
ŶںߵĳԸǸںУŪΪεĹȣĳԸʦĵȻпĹ¼š
ĳԸȥһˡ
Ȼ䣬һ£͹ȥȣǰĳԸƺܾöûЦˣϵЦ֪ʱʧˡ
šû߽ɺͳԸźʵľ룬һЩ¡
ԸĻûбֳ̫ʧ䣬ʮ겻ֱЩ
áӦţƺֻҪĻһӦ
ֻǣĿʱվ᲻Ƿ⡣
ǰƴȫٴѰصģҲΪߵ;ĩ·Ƿ˲ͬķ
գԲߵģߣûܹߴߣȴͻȻˡ
ԸҪĴúûţǳִУ˵صޣһ
ؼκܹвĴڣΪɨ
̫ˣһ˲ΤΪ׵ħ壬⻹ǲ
㵽ڴ˴ˡԸ˵š
طǳԸħľ֮ô򵥣Ƭϵܷƶ˵ƣ˴ǳԸ̤볾ĵһ
ǶμңԶˣɶڳԸ˵ȴǰ
ڽʯվ𣬾ʱЦ⣬ȴʱĳһ㡣
ƣġ
ǰĳԸȴƴǰ˿˹ȥ
ʱǹЦ˵ƣҲڿ𣿡
ʵϣǰԸ仰ĸȴǣһǡ
ûԸһ۱㿴ˣİȱһǣȻССȴҲûʲôΪ䲹ˡ


113 
ԸɫƺŰ, ۵ס
棬ӭųԸߣ׳ԸӺζ
ȱһ, 
šӦųԸĻ, Щ, һ飬ˡ
ַԼؿڣλá
Ỻ¶ȡ
Ը˼˻, , ҲٲڳԸ
ᴵ, źʪϢ
վڴ˴, һ΢΢, һڿŴˣȴƫһߡ
ĿԽ˳ԸӳˣȴͨԸ˺Ŭŵħ
ⳡս̫, ýˡӳЩŬŵˣ͸ǿǧǧֻܿѵ
̫ˡ
Ը̾ƺ׺ɣƣƺ˲ֹһ㡣
һܳ, ԳԸʶʼ, סµĺߣǿԽʮʱ, һͬǿԽʱ̫̫, ֮ȣʮƺкСһʱ䣬ֵһᡣ
ⲻֵһĶʮ꣬ƺȹȥ궼ҪʱԸϼû˹ȥӰӣõĮܣҲøһ
֮ǰұǵĴڡԸһ˽ʯϣңԶ޼ʵĺ档
ǰҪ硣
ųԸĽӰٵ˽⣬ȻҪϦѺ֪øࡣ
ǲ²һݳԸ˵ŸɼӰٵĴڣˣħڰΣգһȺȴͬӲӰٵ֡
֮УڵӰ٣һΪڴĿ飬зϦ̡ԸгԸԱӻţϦѺ̰еܹעлеߡ
ͬģңҼһ뱻ӰռݣBǿңܵͬࡣ
˵һǧٰˡ
BˣҪӷһЩ
ԱһЩȴնһļҵͼռҵ߻ҡ
˵˴Ը̾B㹻ģܹãϧ̫ƫ
BĺĴֳһ£ܻδع֮ǰסӰռҵĴԣ˶ɱڴԿʼ֮ʱ
˵ģ˭ҲȲ㡣ϦhͬһϦͻȻ֡
ԸϦ̵ĳ΢ִû˵ĵ
ļУϦ̺ȻʧˣΪ䣬ϦǳԸĵһѣһʼڣֻˡ
һμϦʲôʱ
Ըţ˼صǸŵС
ϻűѻʳʹУ谵ĵط̫ˣʶ
Ը֪Լй˶೤ʱƿľţд˳ȥ
ƿŵϦ̣ʱϦûбõˮǺɫġ
Ǵ֮г˯ҲһμϦ̡
ûҺġԸ˳Ϧ̵ĻָԼˡ
һʼϦ̱һֱڣԼΪ֮˴֮У췣䣬ֳ㱻֮УΪһĴڣϦ̵Ĵǲȫġ
ʱʼնûע⵽Ϧ̾ߣһζûС
ԸԳţһηϦ̵ĴڣһΣҲͲߵһ
Ϧ˵ˣģĿĲֶεĺġ
ΪˣԽǰ˵ࡣ
㣬ֲбӺĵˡ
Ϧ̣һʼ֪ʱİƽȲΤɡ
ԸϦ̵Ļָ֣߬⼸Ҫĵ⣬ǡ
ԭΪԵġ
ǧսͻȻʱȻһٽ㣬һۣΪڵλ
ȴƫƫһλʦ
ģûʦģİӦûԸ
֪ǰδȫָԣǲġ
뿪ħ򣬳ԸȷΪѰҾΤķڿֹӰٵж
û뵽ʱû뵽ķɾȻԽأѡ
ʱĳԸһ˿ǵģһ㽫ҪħϢأȴٳûпڸ
һ˿ϣֻһˣһЩҲãܻʱһжӭж⡣
ɲ֪ϢϣȻ޷˵ڵĻΤ˽ҪŲסϢһ߲С
һʼΤ̱ᱩ¶֮¡ϦĿ볤ԸཻĮһ
Ϧ̵ɫ̫Įˣû¶ȡ
ûиԸشĻᣬΪ˰ƽܸһһܱ𣿡
Ϧ̵û飬ڳԸС
˵ЩûˡԸûϦ̵Ļ¶ں޵ı飬ֵ̫ƽˣЩԱĸо
ѰңҪħԸҿԴȥ
ԸָΤû˵ףϦҲ֪
ſŽᣬʵȴһɢɳͷ߲ң಻Ȼ
֮У޷ҫĽ䣬ĺڰ
ԸͣסŲϦ̣ĳ֣עΪ˽ҿźڰ
仰Щ̾Īأƺ͸Ϧ̣˱סδ
ϦǲԸͻȻ̬ȵģǰ׷סԷȥ·Ը㻹ʲô
ԸͣסŲ۵ǰϦ̣תĿϣЩ£ҵȷѲһжΪһ̸УΪֹӰ١񡣡
У濴ŶԷЦƣȥ㳣˵ΪߣػһҴִʼնûá
ΪҵĴڵʲôأ
ܳһʱԸѰһ𰸣Ӧģƺûа취ػȲҪˡ
ֲµһ壬޻ڡԸЦ˵ֻһˡ
ƹϦ̣ǰţ󣬡պǧᰳǡ
ԸƺıˣӦǰûԵɣԶպ̸С
ʱΤħȥǧᰣħ彫ʽԼ
뿪ħϦַֿ̺ܿ
ħʽǧ᰻֮ʱϦ̽ٴγҰУʱĴڱȻȫ˵Ŀ⡣
ûϦȥǧᰡ
ٴλصƿգһƬ֮пеƣ
ǧᰳС
Ϧ֮ʱ֣һҫ۵ĺ죬δȴԴϡ
վϦhߣһڵӡ
Ϧ̵ĳ˶ʼδģû˻뵽ʧɽʮ֮õϦ̻ٴǰ
ųԸΤĹϵĿŶŵвߣϦ̲ͬϦ̵Ĺ·ںܾ֮ǰĳ֣Ȼᱻӵ
Ƕβ׷ݵĹȥϦ̴ɽǰߣһͨ·ϡ
ˣΣ֮ʱٴγ֣עǸƾ֮ˡ
Ϧֵ̳ҲУֻ£ǵɷ˻ɵĶ
ⳡ־վھԵѹ½ڹȥһϦ̵Ĵԣʵ㹻ǿǿܹѹ¸һе۶±龰
Ϧֻ̾ϡƽվǰûйڶĶɨһ֮ˣ޾ѹѹ˹ȥ
ûбѹˣҲһ̸ܵΣٶ˵䡣
ܹڴ֮˶һͷߣϦδߵ̬ڴˣȴѹЩǿߣ˭ɵ
ԵʵܹѹһУڵϦ̣վڴ˴֤ԼݣӴ֮ûٸĹ
ӽտʼħʽͣսվͳһսϡ
ڷŵһУϦ̵Ĵ£Ӱ¶Ұ֮УǵĿһμ˶ӡ
Ӱٱ¶֮ˣʵħ̸Умƻбһº˵ĳԸ
Ϧܹ֮ٶҳӰٵټбԸڱƶš
Ӱ㹻أв˶ǻʶģڸڸɣ¶ݣ¾ڱ˴֮䣬Ҳ޷ϳԷ
ҲܹصԭȴԼ֪ݵ˼ûУ£˭ܷǵѡ
ɷѾصˣȴǱϦһһ˳α¶Ķ֪
ĳǻ˿ֻŵģڲ֪Լα¶£ǵΪС
ˣǻһһ¶ߣϦ̵ĳ̫ͻȻ˶ֲһͷĿĶǣԴеĿ궼һɱ
˶֪󣬻һͲһеĳԸסϦߣȴ㲻֪ѹ۲ǶõĳԸⳡ첼µУڱһһ㲦
ݣһڹС
ͣԺУǡBϡ
ʱBеĵȻ䵽˰˵ľ䣬ֻһվǰ˱ʹɥ
㵱治һ𣿡ЦţӳϹŵЦߣߵЦҪЩͨϵЦӲһЩ˲ʡ
Bɫ䣬ڻﾱĵ£ûƽʱһеЦ⣬ƺÿһ綼Ǳģǣ
˵Ŀ𣿡Bƺ˱ָʲô
Һ޲ȫ⣬˵ʲôǿǣ
ֶһ£Bֿһ֣ĵ⻮˻ﾱƤϸС˺ۡ
Ѫһ̫ԣұ̬
Ц˵㣬Bĵȴ׷ҲߣҲбС
һ㣿
BĵɽŻһûзɾ衣
˰иB⽫˼Уȴû뵽֮˾Ȼйһ֮ԵӰʥŮ
֮ǰؾУ뻨Ϲ֪ǸΪߵͷŮޣӰٵʥŮ
ڣ֯ʥŮȻҵԼҪԼ̸ʲôνĺΪ
ҪҪˡûбܿBĵ಻ε̬ȣĿĲһ𣿡
׻˵úã˵ĵ˱ѣͬȴҲѰɡ
ﵹһὲģͰԼ˺Bһλϡ
ǣBЦǻΪһ̸ʲôԶɲѡ
޹ֺBԭͺ͸Ӱ֮ˣΪЩ˵Ĵڣĸлңò׵ߣģ
òɨ˼ϰȴһӭΣյͷߣԷȻ˵ҪҪҪš
ҲʲôĿģⲽ壬ˡ˵ţBҪ䵶ն»ͷ­ȫȻû顣
ѣӰԺУҪǰ
͵ȥܿĵ⣬㵽
Bһ˵
𣿡
BȻĻΪҪ
ΣµѪİϣЩ
ȻֵþȡЦţŪ˰£Ҳûʧȥһֺ顣
ȻҲұֱ˵ɡʩڰϵѪ˿Ȼϡ
BۿŻĶ⵽˶Էı仯
ٶȣʵڷ˼
߳ƺһ㲻˷Լ˿ڿϵܣڸһ¶ûУĿһ㣬ܼ򵥣ҪӰٳʧ޼ٻ
ȻˣѰѲֹһֻ֮һˡһָͷȻţǣһģӰٺ֮ǡ
ΪʲôҪ㡣BĮ˵ȴֺûá
㲻ҪҡЦţҪһɵĻžǣҶ֮ͬǡ
ЦţӿмĻȴĺޣƺBҪʹԼĵطһ㡣
BŽɣĿƵϡ
Ŀڻϣ΢΢üظܵĺ⣬еĺޣ˵ʱ״̬ƭˡ
ȥںͻĽӴУδֹĺޡ
ȻԹֵĴдߣȴǸӱûһ˻
ɺתתһλصԭ㣬ȴû뵽Уȴϣ⣬ĺ⡣
ΪB˺ͻĳԼһЩ£ĽУʼղڣûбԴûΪԼһЩֻһԹһš
ɱ˺ܶࡣ˵꣬Ų»֮ҹķס·ħв̵ܽ壬ıҵˡ
ЩνЩʼֻһĿģӰ޾ԨСЦĻݣҪĵ
ĺBͬһĹ֣ĶַħıţҪһжɵأ˳ڴķչš
һԤϣὫЩס·ɱΪЩɱ˸еɱ
ڣµĿBϣBܹﵽԼΪˣǽԼվҲҪB̸С


114 ·
ǷBһٷ
ʱӰ, ǧȥڽٷ˻ȥ
ϣBɰ, ֻͬ, Ȱ˵, ڶˣݲȣЦB
B˺ܳʱľƣϹЦЩԳżΪÿ, ǰܵĳ
Խ, ԽˡЦ, оƱȤӵһߡ
ﲻ
ϵľƱӳ, ͣЦ, Ҳǰº͡
ǣBż䣬ŲBģ¶ȥ
BûйͷƵϣģʵʵ, ˵ǰ㡣
ŵŮˣԭǽĻֻһ۱Ʋߣȴ͵ֺˮ, ʧȥŨҵɫʡ
, Ҳ޷ġǰŮʺŨҵɫʣһĽ, ζñߡ
޷𣿡Bֱֱ
ʢãͼǰº͵еõ𰸡
Bܾöû, ȥϲƣͼȥӱǶιڸĸ˵ļ䣬ɵۿٴǰʱȴֲˡ
һֱΪŬţ˿и
ΪˣòȺˣĺһһıš
ƫƫҪɹʱɹѶȴġ
ǿЦһΪ˸ĸΪػˣȴƫƫһһο׽֮ȥ
Ŀ𣿡
֪Bʻ֪BеĿʹΪλڴʱã
ĺޣ档

ûشB⣬ϵдϵĽҪδڵģйϵҪ顣
BѡҪĿֻһʹ޵е·ͬ㣬֮䲻ҪΣֻҪһͬɡ
ǵĹϵʵڵħ磬ô׻͡
˫̬ȣһĹʶ˵ΣǴûжٵġ
˵ǰ㹻ŮҲס
ΪѡƣҲΪˡ
Bκˣʼʱˡ
ʱBû㵽ķ̫ˣʼ֪ǲBԼһַʽĶ⡣
BҪκѵõ׽ԼΣȴڴܹαˣ⣬ˡ
˭ҲţһĺĴȨߣһƺݶֶӮʤЫŮˣȻһ档
BһϣǵĻûǰ࣬Bÿһʣõ˵Ļش
ʵһϣֻBõҪĴ𰸣ˡ
B޷˵Щ⣬ͬģЩһ֮ȥȴһ
һλصѩɽɽϵıѩڣ֮Уɽʢʻľķᡣ
ɣеԺȴѲҳ
СԺĹҪиԶҪ׷ݵĻҪصǳ֮ʱѩɽһʼ㲻յӵɽͷλƫֻͳԸѰİסѡ
ԺϦһǵģӿӵ˭͵ԺеǳԸϦһ׼ģɺǼ򵥣Ϊշá
ֻǺշĶջϦ̺ͳԸϡ
ơԸ
ת˲֪ʱˣһ㱣ȴֺƻص˹ȥڴӡ
šӦһûʳԸΪҲڴ˴
ԸȴϦЩǡûڣұѩɽ
ͷⳤԸе١
ԸֻҪ˵Щʲôã֮ȴûκ˵һ㣬ֻýĿûס˵СԺҪڴס𣿡
ҪҰæ
ҡͷҲֻһߡ
ȥģ
Ըæ׷ʡ
־òףæҲǸ˼
֪˵ȥ
ûƭԸλѩɽȷֻǵ˿һѣȻܾûһ˻عѩɽˣǡý¡
ǣҪҪͬȥڣƺᣬԸŽ˵Ϧڣȥ
Ը濴дЩڴ
ԥһ˲뵽ԼȷܾûмϦ̡
һֱעϦ̵жȴ鶼֪̫ŨҪƿǸ˲ͣ̽еǰ·
Ϧ̽Ҳһʱ䣬Ǹȥһˡ
ǣԸԸõ˺ͬеĻᡣ
ȥҪԽȺɽһƬĮĮڵĵ
ڻĮУ֪õϢǰİ˵ס˳Ըȥ·
ݺͬθԸʩڸʵݣŴֻһڵͨŵӡ
ԸǰСЩ
һʮˣһ⣬Ϊȫ֮
ӰǶ˴ֱʣϦ֮óԸȥѰҲΪˡ
Ϊ˲ܱ¶Ȼһɳʮλ֮һ˵üĵź죬еͷߣԸױ¶ͷ߶ˮ棬Ǵֱʡ
ǵȻԸϦͬһʿһֱڵһ˵λϣʵģҲΪΤħ¶û˸ԭ 
ʵϣûܹй
Ӵ䷭һͨĳ̬
ݣ˿ǰŮ޶ģһ
˻һͨӣֻ˳ֽɱˣסԸɡ
ͷţûн۲ŵǰ߳ԸĶ
ɳŵжԵ˫ƺҪڸһս
ڵ߲ܹɱ⣬ԸûóһѳֵĽ㾲վţȥֱԷɱ⡣
˱仯ڲıڽжŵסǰ·ʮˣǷɱ˿Ƚǵ١
һߵ̬վڳԸ󣬻ɳûн˷ָ̫ԶоԸɱ⣬һ޶˶ȴޱ޼ʺűŭɱ⡣
ɱֱ·ߣȻˡ
Ը
ЩĳԸʱ״̬ỽһȴ˿δԻɳ̳ɳ
šԸڻԼŵļӲɳУ֪Լģõȥ֤û¡
δ䣬ٳûжİͷжʱ̹۲ųԸĶԷԻɳһ˲û飬֣
ԸʵǺǿû񽣼ӳ£ʵȫʩչ
˽񽣣˵Ըʵʵѵ壬ıͲܳǰħ򴫳۶ϵϢû뵽Ȼ档
ΪѴﵽΣбϰһѣ޷ȫʵһսԭЩǵͷڷſЩ
³ԸֹõĶ͵ϦǴƬɳͺĺˮһ㣬ܴһ紵ĻɳڸһУõĽɱ֮ء
Ըǿӹɵġ
ϮİüĵͷΪһʮһˣǵĹʽȻͬһأȫԸ׶˹ȥ
һҪԽԸȥɱ֮ˣǱԸԻɳ̴֮˼˷Ӧʱ첲Ȼᱻʶϡ
ɳմѪһֱϵɳߣһֱ˦ڵϣյıɹ¸ɺԣ󱻷紵ɳḲǡ
Ըʮ·ߣУЩʱŵߣѱ˲ܳʬ塣
ᵲסЩˣԶڴ˴
˫ͣûгܾãԸٴ֮
վڳԸ󣬿޷ۻҵĴ֮С
Ŀ䵽ӦŰ˵ĳԸϣӶвϵĹţ΢΢ü
ԸסҪǰԼİˣͬʱô˵жԣҪԶûǰס
Ԥǰ㣬Ըʵ㹻ǿ£ı׶˱¶˳
ȥĵܵķɺأԵסйֻὫԼΣ֮ذˡ
ۣʶǴ˴Į
Ƭ̺ۡ
ὣڳԸ󣬽Ҫµĳס
ԭרĶԵеĳԸϢ͵زһ£ЩǰϮĽؿڡ
ۼֿ콫ߣԷֻ˳Ըۣס˶ԷĽڵء
ĪҪġѵ
Ըһ˲һŶԷ뻳Уת㿪Ӷĵ⽣Ӱ
жܿ죬Ϯĵ̫̫µ˺۲١
۱ڻеһ˿һ˺ܵ
㱧ŵľ̫ܹԸ
ԸЩڿˣһһţ˵ĺȫ
մ˳ԸѪųԸԽƽЩ
ԸڴԶЩˣƺϵˣһεǰߡ
ͬһ𡣡ûѡڳԸ
ųԸȷݣⲢҪİһһ޶ͨŵӡ
£ζֻһ˶ԵУ۴ǲǳԸ
ңʶȻƬĮȷһԵĺõطǣû˻ᷢصݡ
㣬Ըȴǲ̫֣ʱ״̬Щ̫ԣѹʲôΨʱ
޷ܾ飬΢΢üͷǸ
áûзԸӦ˶ԷĻ
֪Ըֵ״̬ζ𣬻ЩйأԸ֪ڰ˵̫࣬вһЩܡ
õĻԸڷЩȴɻڽԼĿеɫϣһ£ʳĻ΢Ҫ𣿡
Сɳ֮Уãһ˵
еͨ齣볤Ըӣ˵Ŀ棬ûǿûбֻѡ
ˡ֪ͬģҲЩҲһ
ͨĽŹȥս˳˳ѡ
˵ʵһģҪЩļӳֻ֣վţܹ˵
Ըһʧ䣬콫쳣ѹȥá
ս֮УԸҪԵѹ˺ܶࡣ
ͷ߲ŮӵĲԾԸɽĻԼߣǱֻˣԸȴҪʣ¾ˡ
ˣһͨŵܴ֮·磿
ͷֲɵȻܿеĶߡ
ڿѾˣǱ˲֪ʱµ֮УҪ׵ġ
ɱƷΧˣûҪЩ˵ʱУ޷ж
Զǡǡ෴ͷ֮ʱΧڳԸߵľŸѾĸһһ⡣
ͺá
Ըע⵽ڿҿԣĪҪ
䣬һ˵ڵϣվİֻʣˡ
ԭûԸ־飬ֻܿʣͷһˡ
ԷƺԸģס֪вԸ޷ס󷨣һ˼£㽫Ŀϡ
֪Ů޲ֵǰͨû·ֻƴһѣʵҪǿһЩԸһͺŮޣһˣܸԼһ·
ϧϣǻǴشˡ
Ȳ˵ܲл῿˵Ŀɨͣһ£ԸͱΣ
ͷ߻ЩǿģٶȳϮȥڽҪץסһɲȴ͵˿ա
ûԭڰǰŮͻȻʧûգۣߵȴʧˡ
û㹻㵵ʱ䣬Ľ㴩˰˵ţԸ⽫ƫһ֣Ű˵վڰ󣬼ľ롣
ֻʣһˣȴǸܵ˼ǿѹȣһ亹ֿ־ϵѹȡ
ǶˣΣգһڱ󿿽ץסˡ

˷ĲҽУڳȵ֮£ѪҺ걻գɳɳʸûС
סж˿ǰһĻһⶼסĺŮӡ
ŮؼòȴڴʱǴѪĶÿһļϡ
𡢱
𡢷ŹǣŹǣ
һ˾ţ״ţǰŮ˲ҪҪǡ
סҪٴζֵĳԸĪҪ㡣
ȰͬԸֶɱˡ
Ըͣ½ŲƫͷƣҪ
۾ǺÿǳʱȴһѪȾǿƵķǲݵִϳԸߣһ£ɿ֡
ҪҪҪ
ԤеĲҽвûٴ𣬳Ըûǰ̵ֶζԴˣһ˶ǵ
еĻɳķɢɳӷɢţǰʬ
ڻɳ׷пųԸ¼ŵıӰ̾ĨڴµĺۼųԸ뿪˴˴


115 ȴ
·ɳĮеһСʱ, ͣ
ʱԸ״̬ࡣ
ֻŹĵԭֱЩ, ɿˮɳĮ, ÿһƮġ
ͣһ졣
㽨š
ԸɫЩ, Ҳͣ½Ų̧۴ǰĴӡ
ɳĮ棬˻ѡɳĮаңɳĮֺСȻŵĶǲķˡ
ˡԸջĿ, ҡͷ, ҵް, 뿪Ҫ
ǿ, ǹɳĮ, ·ô죿
ߣԸ˵ɳĮдķûһ˿ʪָ, Ըûסš
ǾϢһáԸЭɳĮ֮ǵٶȻᱻܶ˿ʱ, Ҫء
״̬, ȷס
һҪȥϦ̡Ըֵֿǲܾͣá
ҪЩ뿪, û⵽Լ͸¶ĻţԼ۵ζ޷סǷݲ
ûв𴩳ԸĻѻ, ڹǰ㳤ദУ̫˽ⳤԸˣ¹ãԸûиĵ˵ʱŲֱԼϰߡ
ǰĴӺСɳĮӺɫҪ˵ֵĵطʱ
һ˵ּߵԣƫƧС䣬ҪôǳųߣҪôǶԴر飬Ӻ֡
ͳԸߣû̫飬ͬûرų⡣
ǿ˵ɫܹ֣дһ˿棬һֻУһָо
ԸûЩԹߵ˴ΨһЪŵĲС
һ·ϣϵĿ⼸һģջеϰˡ
ڿſڵʱһľܿѹȥλҪһ𣿡
šԸͷϰ߷ŵĴˮͣ£á
ϣϰЦӦԭԼǰСˮ
ϰΪѡһƫƧ޴λã£Ϊһˮ
ûдˣԼĹˮʶȤ뿪
ˮˮطװˮʢŵģһ򵥵ˮɾ͸ûκص㣬ڴһ£
ˮдһ˿һֶɳĮζͬͨˮһɳĮоƣٵ·ߣͻȻɳĮޣָоؾˮζ
ϧӺСƫƧһ·ߴζߵ˴
Ըǰеˮ꣬ڽУ۲ˮ
һˮ꣬߰ɡ
һ£ĿڳԸϣϰﲻ֪Ӻδ˹ûŵˮˮЦɫˣǴûпջŴʱ뿪һ·Уܿ߳ɳĮ
ϰ˵òԸص뿪
ˮǮô㣿ʡ
ϰ￴ǰںÿŮӣЦҡͷҪǮġ
ôСüɳĮеˮΪϰһЪ֮أȴĲȡĵ
С̫ƫƧʮʮ궼λﵽ˴Ե֣ȻԵһˮʲôġ
Ըۻ˼ջؽҪȥĽŲɨһС䣬ԶŷƮɳҹз磬ǴСɳıǸıܷء
ӳϰģƺڶ˵һ仰
ϰﷴӦ뿪⴦䡣
뿪ӺԶһ·;У۲ɳĮķɳԸǰ·վͣͣ˽Ų
ƣ
ͿˣǰĳԸ
صλ֮㷢һڵ±õжϣɳĮС䣬ǹȥֻһ۱ܿ򣬿ȴͬǰŵıӰжϣ޷С
˳ԸΪβԸڴ˴ͣԭ򣬽ҹĿܴϯСĴ䣬ʱСӴܹ
Ƕڴ˴ҹȻɳɳǽҪٴѡ
ǾעҪһٵС䣬˳ӦһСʧ˳ӦΥһ׵ѡ
ԸԲԸѡУڴ˽һˮһ㣬Ż߲ţҪ˵ѡˡ
ѡʾȷڴв֪Ĵ˵ڶԵһ仰ܲϡ
δкܶԸʾֻеһ·
һҹͳԸ߳ɳĮɳĮƫƧСУ˵
ϰﲢûнԸѵһЦڳԸ뿪˵ţ˴峤н¸֪˶Է
ϴ峤ĬãСɳĮгʲôķɳûмһǴ޷ֵķɳ̵ʱУһ㹻õжϡ
˵ĻֵֵΣĬţŷɳеĴ䡣
ߡ
գϴ峤жϣǴӲܴҪһ仰ףٴǨƵľʱʹӡ
֮УȻҲзߣǼģʣµĴ󲿷ִѡϴ峤뿪˴䡣
һҹԭƽС䱻ңɳ촵ţڸ˯ˡ
зӦѡܵĴһģǶڴʧȥ
ɳĴһҹδߣԶſϯĴɣ׵أûһ˿ء
ͯĿɳĮ곤߸Ͽס˺ͯɳĮǱصΣա
ҹ£ҹǹЩ
ԶԶ뿪ɳĮ̾һ޿ɱı磬ǲ֪ǺĬĬţף
һɳĮˮףǸĲˮǮ
Ǻҹгţʧ
Ըûг˼ıӰǹɳĮԶֻİżз紵
ֺķһʱ䣬ڵڶҹڵĵ
ʱϦҹδ˯ҹ˾ʱ̣ܾ֮ǰĳľƣ͵͵˵³
ĳյ㲻Ϻãڳ϶ŵԭ򣬺ķ̫ҹ䲻ܳһٱû¡
˵⵹ҲȫϦ̣Ϊһ»Ұʮ궼û˷ֹͻȻҪӦ飬Щת
ǣԸʱǡþͿϦԺðķˣϻһơ
Ϧ̶һ̸ճ߳ʱվǰԸӡ
ûһ۱ϳվڳԸߵڵƾһǰõľ飬ϲѡ
Ϧǳ˳飬ʶе˲أôˣ
ġԸû˵ţƳһԺеʯգ¡
ûиϦ̿ͬ˸λá
Ϧ̻ǽжϣΪҹ䵽ꡣ
ҿûʱԹԵƣߣͲһҲҪϢ𣿡
šԸӦ£Ϧ̣֪û˯
ǰһķˣÿ͵ԣҼ
㣡ϦǺסȺŭĿųԸԸʲô͵ԣܲע˵ǣ
áԸӦ¡
Ϧ̲Ըƽϣʱ䣬Ƿ˳Ըı仯
Щ£ڵĳԸһ˻״̬ͱѻ˵ͨ
ƽ㣬ôˣϦ̽ĿתƵϣָһ𡣡
Ըв˵Ķһ٣װû
뵽ò㣬
Ϧ̸жƽǵ𣿡
ϾҶһ˴̶ѨȷΣաϦ̾Ŀǰŵļϣ˵طز죬ÿնҪô诣ѾĻһٷҪԼҹ׼ǿ
˵ţװģ˲ڵᡣ
ҲǰһˣȻҪΪϦ⻰۾ġ
Ͼ˭Ҳ뵽ƽһһҵڰ˵Ϧ˽»ģ
գշЦ
֪Ϧ⻰һ붼ǹ˵ҵģȴŶԷĻӦ
Ϧ¶Ц棡
ͷš
Ըϱ鲻̫ãÿҹԣá
⻰ЩҧгˣϦ̾ñЩǰɳԸһñסԼ
Ȼǲµġ
ϦһӾ䣬ֱ۷ϣȭ
ųԸһֻ¶Сۣ˵ݵþʣͷˣôܶһˣ
ԸӦȥϦݵģֱͣԣûж׸⡣
ǣԸƿۣǵһֻʣͷˡ
Ϧ̽˳Ըʲô˼
ûʲôԸҡͷһ˵£ǡúܾòշˡ
أ
շԸƮƮ˵š
ˡϦ̰֣ҿɲշʱħǸСħͷɱֲᱻԡ
Ըü⣿
ҵ˼ǣһǾðƽշóԡϦŤͷңƽ㿴ۣǰûҳԵ𣿡
գԸڴĶ˦ߡ
Ϧ̵ǲ峤ԸģΪߵԭθڸЩ
Ϧ㲻ԸԼԭߡ
Ϧ̺ͳԸϾͬһսϡ
̡
ϦЦ֪ģƽ㲻õġ
ÿն㣬ӰҪ֮¡Ϧ̱֤
аձáûзϦ̵˼
һ׷һˣ۴´СΡ
ֻϦڷ籩ģ£ϣϦܹһЩ
ٷڳԸԺܿ㵽βδգҹͬ׽
ҹɫ£Ϧ̵СԺº͵Ĺ⡣
һݵУһϦ̹ȥдһᣬʱдһӡ֣һҳ´ǧ᰿ʼǵһΣӽǴϦʼ
Ը˵Ӱйصĵһط˵ǧңݹǸŵңСֲǧʱ䣬ǧһͨļ壬˼Ͽûκ⣬еΪͨϲûκҵһδŵʱɹԸжϡ
¿Ϧ̲ûɳԸж϶뿪֮ͬеŵǲɢһҹ޷ҹǱڵĳУڰ۲ҵľٶʮգ˲ڰ۾£һ磬һ糣ڰϦץס˵İѱ
нץסѱҼͬеĳסյ֪ͨ˴ʿʱûܷӦ£Ϧ̽ҿҺĻ˿޷֤ݡ
ǧңӴ˴ʼϦ˳ųԸָʾȲǰţϦҲÿһȫųԸķǰУĻϣͬڰв鵽Ӱ֯һЩжжɱҡ֮С
ѡ֮£ߵһʿȫǿ֮ˣЩͼصߵһһ˳һ⡣
ϸϦʱ̫֮࣬һЩ飬þ棬ǲš
ڣûŪӰصܣĿĵʲôϦߣ¹ⱻڴ⡣
֪УһЩƲ⡣
ӻϦ̣˵
Ҽǵðƽ˵ǸŮˣӰٵʥŮ˵ӰٵĿ㡣
ͷȷϦ£ʱǲûһõжϡ
ϾӰٵĿʵ̫ˣǺ֪ϢУڸɵŵӶܵ֯׷ɽÿʧ˸ǲ
زһ㣬ֳ˰ƽ㣬ûܴߡϦ̷һҳһҳųԸ֪Ϧ̵ĵĿ꣬һӰţŵ״ӣεʦ͵˻С
Ϧط£¸һľͿ
ħˣӰѰҸ츳ѪǼõߣҪȫߡ
ӰһĿĺȷǻȫ˽⣬ûע⵽£ӰͿʼǵĲ𣬲ѾӸϢӣȴŷѿһ졣
Ѱŵĳ֣һʼͽЩҵͶڸڸɣżƻ
Щ;ǴߵţһԭڸڵԵףһȫ֮ûйϵϦ׵ӣǽЩ츳ѵʿߣ͵Щ˵츳Ϊ
ϦѡԶϾɲ˶ͻᣬϦ̵Ĳ²⣬һΪ֪ĵطһĴڣǽǸѪ츳õʿڴ˴һȦţȦʱ޿̲ڶȡǵΪ⣬һΪµ顣
ӰٵʥŮԭûκ츳ȴ̵ܹʱ䵽֮ȻķȡΪԶԶ
ЩŸ޷Ӱٵڴʱˡ
ԣҲ²⡪Ϧ̽ǰƽ㣬Ҳڵĳ֡
ͷȻһ£лϦ̽仰
ҺͳԸڵһ㣬֪ͬ㣬һֱڵš


116 ҵ
仰, ͻȻƽˮʯӣеľӡ
Ϧ˵һУԽþϦ˵㡣
Ϧ֪̫׽, Ʋʱ, ͬò˼, ǲš
ۺͳԸķϵǾͺˡ
Ը֮ǰͷӰ֯ĴڣǰħսʱЩ˲ŵܻйأճԸӣһ뾡취ֹΣա
ô, Ըһзǰʼͱúˡ
, ҵһЩ֤ݡ
Ϧ֮ǰ˵Ļ, óһϡ
, Ϧۡ
, Ϧ̾ͬ˵һۣ˵ΤħȥǰħԸһϵб仯ΪΤǱϦܻһ², Ʒ²⡣
ǰħܵƻħ׵λ, ֹƻĲ, ǻ˽ֹƻֶǿӲ, ħΪħĺܳһʱڰȵ״̬
ķͻȻ, һħ涨ǱԺսһ˹أǼش˳ƽ
ǿħŲϵ£ħ滷Ӷӡ
ʱһħͷսΪħ򽻽ǧһأﲻɱΪħս֮ء
ǧᰵһħսо䣬ǧԼҴӴ˵صѪ֮սڼ
ս֮Уħһֱûг棬ֱŸʿ˴սԽ֮ʱħ
Ϧ̵Ķ෽Ϣ֪ħһǧ¶ʱ״̬ȫʢʱڲ࣬ƺصˡ
ҲΪʱħƺͬǧսȻֿ٣֮С
һУڳԸǧ᰺˸ı䡣
һε˵˵Ĺ֮С
ħսΪҵʱ̣ԸͻȻǧһأһնħħ׶ϣ˷ֱħǰˣսһ
Ըһս˺ܾãǧᰴħִħǧ֮У˷ֱħʵߣܹǵǵභڴ˵ѪɷԹ֣Ընɱħħȥ˻ħ
˴ҽĿ˱ʱħϡϦȦ׵Ĵڣ˵裬׺֪ˡӰ١Ĵڣ֪ĿҪħսֹڶ˽ֻû뵽֯ǿڷ׵ͼ󣬽ħ֮Уӿչж
ħսѾ޿ɱĵز£ֹֻѡվħһ
ʱԸˡϳԸħŵıӰ˼Ǵ˹ʶ
Ϧ̵ͷ˵ʱǻ֪ԸӺ֪Ӱ֮£֪ø磬ħ׸֪ġ
һ֮Ըѡħĳһֽףħ䣬ħ˱Ըܣһֱƽ֣ҵ˱ħΤ
ȷ㣬Τ޹ʱϣ֮£ǳԸںħԼǿаŤתͶ̥תʲôطļ䣬ܽΪΤϻᱳ֮Ըͬɻ䣬ƾȲΤȴֱ
ԣлһЩΥ͵ĵطƲţڳԸ˽⣬ֻ㣬ԸȻһʼ;ܾԼ
˼ţϵĺߣµĽԸĴģΤܵķɡ
նϺߡźߵͻȻ߶ϣ֮ǣˣûǣ£һһӽλá
Լ֪ģںǣ£볤ԸţϷָԷճԸĵ״̬Ҫʱܳ
ԸҪԼҪסΤѡһʽ
عλ֮һ۱㿴˳ԸϲԵڣ֪ԸΤĽδɣûϿǡ
ҲԸҪýǣΤӶ̽飬ֻ֮УʧˣֻѡúַΤĸ֪
УϦ̶ûкԵһ⣬ÿһǿɢôԸʲô
ɢ֮ǰԸδŪʲôȻȥʮ꣬ʣ˵þǡ
ƽ㣬ΪԸǸıδϦ̳˵ţɫ档
Ȳ²ⲢǿѨ磬ΪγԸ仯ͻȻ֮ôħԣȻǲģ뵽ϦѺ볤ԸĶţԼԸϦѺ̱ˣϦѺͻ֮δĹ켣Ը֪ͬᷢδ顣
ԣϦѺ˵ԸẦʱŻǰѿɫƲסԼ
ûȫϦѺ˵һδѰһܹ·ԴΪɣҪܿӭ١
˳Ϧ̵Ļ˵Ը޷Ԥϵĳ֣ɢ׵ԵʣĻ԰ͻȻ֣бıʡ
Ϧ̵ͷΪڿסȥ·ʱԸǰϡ
ΥΤԸûһ궼ѣԵɣ㹻ˡ
ѹ᳣Լѩɽ֮УƲסԼһ̬֮
ȻֹһԤ֪δԤ֪Ӱ٣Ż֮
ѩɽףԸܹǰ϶֪δѾı䣬ⳡɥֻû뵽Ϧ̵ĳ֣ԣһڻ
ʵŽغ֮ʱһŽ֮˲Ϧѩǵһʱ׷ĳԸ
֪εԭ򣬳Ըûƿصţڴվ˺ܳһʱ䣬ȥ
ϦһֱڰעųԸûз˵κһ˿쳣Ըȥѩɽദÿһһ㣬Զƽɫ޲ߵʱû
ΪˣϦ̴δ¸߹
ĵȴ̫ĥˣƽ㣬Ϊһʱ佫˸㡣
ǵģԸı仯̫ˣ˶ܱеģûнκһ¸Ϧ̺ѡĬĬš
۽һһ·ϣܵĿһֶû٣ѹԶС
˺׼ȥǳ񣬹ȥͬӡ˺ۼ
ΪʱһˣΪʱԸ⽫񣬿ɳԸӦ֪ģһ㹻ˣҲǻġ
ˣ顢Ĵڡ
ѩɽһλصɽɽ޵Ļᴵţղѩ
վˮᶯİߣˮŻ꣬ᵴ
ȥܶΣҪվڴ˴ʦʱ˱ѩķô̹ǣվʱûв䡣
أ
ղѩºͣȴƫƫһ˿⡣
峺ˮӳģ֮ǰ㻻ɫģʺġ
ƽˮ汻ƣƵĻζˮжüңָƽ
ˮУ̫ůĹ⴩ˮͼڰ
ˮеķÿ˳Źţأⶪ
谵޵У˸Զˮ׷һ˿Ǻ͵Ĺ⣬һĨɫº͵㣬۵ס
һ£ûԥسĨ֣ͼĺڰȥ
µеĹʲôˡ
ڣץסںеĹ㣬ˮϵůȥԭֻǳںеյơ
Щ뺣ʧĻƲͬյƱ͵ϢţǱúñţһֱڴ˴
˼һ˲ص򿿺ĳС
Ϊֵĺʦһ£һ͸Ĺ¡
һ̣ʱԥûУ˳žдǾ仰ԸԸƽϲ֡
д仰ĳԸЦҲھʱɵȻῴԼԸ͸Լ
򴽣ĿڳԸʱдµĻϡ
ƣҵˡ
ºĹǰĺڰдŵ֡
ⲢһԸǿԽ˼ʱ³ŵ˸ʱҪ֪Ļ
ҵˡ
ץסĻƷſǰΡ
ڳԸһһȴԽԸˡ
һӣȴƫƫֽȥԼ͵ǰԸ֪ģȥģֻݡ
޾֮УҲߴĹͽǰһһ׵ĻƮǰųȵĹ⡣
γ֮ʱԸڵһ㣬þÿ⺣е΢ز
ⲻůĵط۾۾ȥһУֻԼ˼С
ԭ³Ը
ţȴûа취һʵĴ𰸡
ֻʱһԭ³ԸģϾһ뿪ǶԸ޾ĵȴʱ⣬һû޵ĵȴĳ·Ҳ˵
һ£Ըĵȴ
Ըί
̫֪ˣĵȴҪҪ£˵һӽа꣬һлᷢת䣬ֺγ㡣
ǧ˵̫̣ɳԸȴ˶ʮ꣬Ѷģ־̰˵ķţﻹվ޾λϣۿű緢
ֻѡ˸ı䡣
ֻǣ̫Ҳˡ
ѩɽСʦ֮УػֻһʱվͽܵλãųԸÿһĶȴڱؾš
ۿһһȥ֪ԼȴΪ£Ҫβ
ԸһнΪ˾ڳԸΪֲµĳ·ϣҪʧȥ̫ˣʲôû¡
ӴĵطǻºۼģһΰγۼҲԶڡ


117 һΪȣϣ
ѩɽļֻ, ɽо۰컹ǺҹϲⰲɽҡΡ
ʮһ, еĺ, ͼִﳤԸ뿴յ㡣
Զ޷ӳⳡΪ޵ξ
ѩɽ̶ͨ֮ˮ̫, ںеϢΣҪץסˮ洩Ĺ⣬ܴǵסǸõŮӣϧ, ץסĶޡ
ƽʱ, ԸԼһһЩ, ÿһ, һαļ䶼ڲͣƴ, һһûеķ
ԸֻֽűòܶһϢϢûǷľֻǡź
ԸĹ, ԶԶȴĶʮҪ
ڵɽ֮ϣ滨ļʢš
һ겢ڿͽӣȴӭһҪɽŮ
ɽ£ɽŵŵס, 棺, 괺յӣʱˡ
סＫΪÿ, һ˫۾̧ʱĳγգƮŵ, ˴֮ϡ
ҡͷƢ˵ţҽûŪʱ䡣
ŵӼÿĹﲻȰЩżָɽǰֵʯͷɿˣ
ͷ·˼С
ţƺ˼ŵ˿˰ɣŶĹأʯױûлͷ·ǧ˼
СǸ˵ģȰ˵ƢǼãûд϶ԷĻ˵Цŵ˼಻ͷлʦѡ
ССĵӣͱͲͻȻһÿĹʦ֣㲻˼ҡң𣿡
šͷ˵ȴһ硣
ǰСʦͻȻ壬Ը𣡡
ʱĳԸԭѩɽɽͷľִסϢɽǰ˹
ǱǱĹתһ˿ޡ
ƣ
ǣ
ԸҪǰĽŲͣס˶ʮ꣬ʧȥ˼䣬ϵԼ
Ŭ֣񳿻£ﾫִʱӦûմϻҳѹǹ˷ܵ״̬ȴزסϲԸԸ
ƺЩ
˼ųԸգûкͻȻֵˡ
Цţӳǰˣֺܺ
ԸڻûסϵЦȻ̫ϲõ֣Ե̫ˣⲻʲôѾȵˡ
Щ̫ǰЦʲôģ˿Ͳ࣬ʵϣܻǧ֪꣬ǰںÿ˶Ȼһ͡
ԸǰˣҪɽ𣿡
꣬Լ˵⻰Щɵɽ£ȻΪ˵ɽ
Ҵߡ˵ţǧʯЩߣڵİƻûпʼȥֻۡ
С۾ıӰȷÿֺᣬǰǳԸǵϦһͬڵˣվȻ˵ҪԴȥܲȣ
СӾȵԸĻĬһҡҡͷѰʵڳʼлǰ⣬·ҪԼһ顣
ԸûĻþɥеЦǰˣãǱһΡ
ʶ˵ǣȷѡķרעǰԼ·
ǰһ˱ˡ
ľܾվһߵСٴ𾪣̧³ԸɫŲЩŲǳԸԸĻɽ㶨Ȼȥ
СӼͬʱֺɸ֣ǳԸǰһҪ״һʲôᡣ
СӵĶԸԷվֱɫƻؽŲԸûƽϣûΪľܾЦ˵㡣
ɫȻˣ̧ͨƶ˵̨ףûپܾԸãһЩȥ
һЩҲûϵһš
ǰˣȻȥȣһ·ʲô
Ը˵ʯϣ°ţ紵µ滨ӳڴ˴Ůӡ
Ůֻڿߡ
Խľ룬ԸϵЦβסԺɽǰ˵Ļ
˵һһЩǰ̫á
ĺȫǰɽһףۣ֮ɽһ֮
䣬վĵĳȴûж
һƼΪƴ󣬼գʧĵЦţÿһ˿ġ
Ըڲʱ΢ԶЩްЩЦ𵤣ϲ㡣
ʱӦϦѺһ˾վԶͬ
һ쿪ʼųԸסѩɽŸ崫һս츳Ĵ˵
һգԸʱһοʼǵĹ¡
ûһʼ㽫жһͬѩɽϣ˵ļֱ
Ըһͬڰðϰͬһշ֮ʱ⽫ҳĨͷˮˮĻһͰһͰΪԡˮ
ƽһֱţֱס˵ĺ߳֡
Ըᳶºߵʶŵס
ơЩţ
Ҫ˵һιǵĹ£ᡣ
Ž֮˽֮š
ʯϼŵǶβҹȥ࿴˵ʯ
˳Ըԣȴ˿ûлǶΪʱļ䡣
Ը֪̾˿ͻȻ֪һжƺҪӻһЩ
£ο˳ԸҪģųԸĻ
Сûоʹ˵ǻһͬѩɽһշɽоִݡ
ɳԸȴںֺ󳣳ıӰһǺܾá
ЩɽǰʶʼǶһˡ
һǾֵɽУΪһͨЩš
˵Щָڣ˴˴һƺڤڤעõģһ
Ըϵת䷢ĺͻأȴֺ
ڳԸһζʱϵĺ߱һǣ
Ըֱ̧ۣƣ
˳ߣԷǣԼǰ
žЩŵĳԸεǶҿʲô
ҡԸЩƿƣû𣿡
ţ
Ը˳ߣͷûи㡣
ԣʱŴ²㣿
ԸͷЩ΢졣
ЩεģΪûǶμ䣬Լ׽ᱻų⣬ᱻᡣ
ԸҲ˵𣿡̾Ҫģҳ㣬ҪԼ
ԸͷȴͻȻú߲ס̧ͷϢȻ
ơԸ΢΢ɴ۾ǲ˼顣
İƾȻˡ
һǣܿ˶Ըȴδ
Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻסһ§סݺ˻ȥ
ԸǲᣬǳֹǱһƺþҶ̣޲С
ǵĺóأòɿơ
ֿʱԸҧĴ
ĴմѪЩ̬֮ĵĺÿޣӺиˮһ۾Զݡ
Ըžҵ֡
ǶڴϢţڱ˴ǰ
ˣȾ
ԸĿȴĴϣԼҧƵĴۿƣҡ۲ۣ
ţ΢΢ҡͷ۵ġ
ҧˡȻ۵ġԸִֵһ̫ˣĴ񫣬¹ȥʮ£ɲǡ
̫ûͻƲסԼ
Ը֪ģһ¹ȥʮ꣬¶ɵǸˡ
ûסЦѩɽͳԸһͬ㳣ĿڶԷϣԸ̫ҫۣͻԼĿ⣬ǹ޺ÿĳ࣬Щ£ǳԸԴ¶֣ߡ
ڳԸĸ飬ĨϻҳʼһŴš
ţԡڳԸ˵
ԸԱֱ۶ڲţУһ̶޷Ų
˫ȴȾ۾ֻһˣľ룬ҪС
ǿĽӲҪԼĲ¶ǰ
ԸĴ˲䣬ס˿ڡ
ƺҪķȥۣȴ֪ȫ¶ڿģζزסϵĽӲ
ǵĺ˴˾ţ˿ڷнһ𣬰ĺŷζ
㹻ķʽ⿪˳ԸԼĽᣬҲǵĹϵ˴߽һ
ԸûһֱѩɽϣħһЩСĦɽаÿһʱ䣬Ը뿪ߣǽնħڵȴѰ
ǽĴţϡķ˵ؽҲãɱսħ򣬳ԸڸţżҲһطͣʱһЩ
·һؾ֮ʱһؾУжΪʧĹо˳
Ǹصģܿϳ˳ԸݣȴԸ˵ԼǶλˣСķš
Ǻദ˺ܳһʱ䣬һҹ뿪
Щģ֪Ѻã뵽Щ׷ɱߣΪ䵣ǡ
Ըĵǣ߹ܶ·ͬˣѧʶķͬŶԷߡ
ڷʱ»򸾳ǰȹҹǽͷСŮǵɽͷ
ԸһЩʱ飬Ϊߣߵİ˻ָ䡣
·;Уһ֡Сɽ壬˴Թ죬նɱ˰´ߵʿһСŮ
СŮٺ֮󣬳ԸվԶ˼
Ը𣿡
šԸͷҼ
ƣնɱǸˣͬڳԸӡ
ǰħ֮һսҲûֱӲǳսȴԶԶǳսĲ󡭡ѪȾʬ֡
Ϊ񣬳ԸֱܹӲǳս֮УսԭħѡħɢΣⳡսħѡ˱ħصħʧ٣һ´ͻȻһλҡ
˵ĳֺܶݣûڸκټ֮࿴Ŀģܿʧ
һεĳ̫ͻȻлݶɱȫΪ
Ը˼µҪԣ˵ƣȽ´֪ϦѺ̣ʱٵһЩ˵ټܲѰߡ
á
ʱԸû̫Щˣ಻֪һеĿʼ


118 һΪȣ£
תת, Ը߹˺ܶطȴû˵ټ
ϦѺڵõԸϢɳȥѰЩ˵ټЩ˾䲻һ, ƾҶѰһϢ
ȴżħһЩСĦ, ƽ, ûκλҵӡ
Сѷúĳһ죬Ը·ǸͣĴӡ
ϢˡԸüǰְܵÿ£˴ԭһʢ֮أɽʮ, ˮűߡ
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Ӿһֵ׳ͻȻ˾һ, ˥ֻʣһƤҳš
ƣȥ
طɢԲȻΪΥ, Ϊ֮񣬳ԸῴŴ˵صѡӡ
֪Ըĵǣӵɺӣ㳤Ը˵, ҲҪȥġ
ٴ, ͳǴβͬж˺͸Ů, ԭʺʱ̣ȴȼɢ, ũ
ͯǽǣ˫ȫûеãƺǽ߾þ
һӴʮǰʱطһʢĴ䣬գۼͱưܵģ
˵ǶϷ򸾵Ժǰ֪кܶ겻סˣԺһЩ̫õˣ˴ġ
˭
ŴʻһʮС
תź¶С
ִù𣿡Сﵹſվ˳Թ˵˵ִùõļңùû
Ըһۣûз˵СϴˣЦźԺĲµ𣿡
СҡҡͷҺͰֵģҪڵɻ
˿䰵ɫ˼ھͻˡ
СѽЦ׺ͳԸŵ㹥Եĳ಻ͬһЦ˱˵ġ
С˴˼ңھ˶ִùãӡĹùûһÿġ
ǵʱСĸѾ˼ңԼҹŮӣһ£ŵɡˣ
ڽ̸УԸŪǰ˭ԼȥЩϷ޺ִϷ¡
·ʱɽо¹һɽµ꣬ǰʮѾͷףˣȻǵǸܽɽꡣ
ʱܹıһˣıסģ
ԭ뿪ӺִģҲԽԽãٲȻʮ˴ÿĹΪˣ峤ҶӶϣҪȢߡ
ϷȻͬĺӱ峤ҵ϶̣ԣֻվֻˣв峤ҵͷȥ̫Ҳ뿪
ִջǼ޸˴峤ӣڳǸ峤ִüͱִʧ
һжԸִ⴦ӣżȻΪ˽
ҪӰԭ򲢲ѣԸһͬʢ֮ء
⴦Ժλڴ룬Ǵ峤ҡ
Ըÿ˴峤ҵţŵһŮӣЩСһߣޣһۣţֻһǺܴķ϶ʵ˭
Ѿͷ˭Ժһȴʮ㡣
Ըɫܸ֪źϢĹ֮
ǰĹһ壬ֿſںÿŮӣλ»ǿЩȥɡ
ƺҪ˽š
ԸŶȻҪģΪӵ쳣
ڹ˶壬ģ֪Щ飬ԥ£ŷ쿪ôЩĪҪ˵ЦˣǴӺܺõģû
ԸûҪǿпŵ˼ߣЦ벻ã
գﻹǴ򿪼Žλӭ˽ͬǣԸ˵ϴ峤ȴɫ
ƺЩ־壬лвزס̰˷ܡ
ֻǣЩ־̰˷ܽûάֺܾãԸһ۴峤еԺӣδ˸ס˵ЩʲôƵ˴峤еǽ
ǽںȻڲǽеʬ屩¶
Ըʬ壬жϳǵݣ˶ϴ峤йϵ
Ĵû´˷ֱϴ峤Ӻޡ
аǽǣ˿ߣȻ֮ԵȡӵϢǵһμ鷢ɫЩ̫á
̰սʤЩеơԸ̾ն˽ӵ֮ߣϿ˵ϵ
ͬϴ峤˵ʲôƣΪǿŵĹ˵ҹ״ⷿϾЩȥѰסɡ
аȡΥⳡ׻ϴӵ
һˣԸصڡ
ûϴ峤в鵽а׷ݵԴͷʼִ峤һҹϴ峤һӣһ뿪ˡ
뵽ִתصڴǸˣִʧͻȻǡʧ֮峤ҿʼȡаһƺЩйء
ֻЩûĿĲΪֹ޷ѰټԸƽϦѺ̣⣬ûٽ·ϡ
ʱ䣬ԸѩɽΪ죬һͻƴ˺󣬾Խ֮ʱ⡣
ʱԭƽûз籩ȴͻȻ
ħɱսħ֮λµĵһҪſսһħ֮սĻ
ʬɽѪԸ֮άƽ⡣
ǰħǷֿʱ𽥱䳤
֮ʱԸܻᵽȥѰԸֿ
ԸǺ޲ÿһÿһ붼ͬһģܣڵľƣֻҪսͣ˱ַֺֻϺϡ
ⳡսϰ꣬ڳԸ˵άƽķѵ࣬һΪķʱ;֮£һչȻʱάһҪһ꣬ûߵʱ䣬ڳԸ˵ֿն
ֻҪҪʩֲܼ̫尾ˡ
۶೤ʱ䣬ôĵ飬ں׺һܹ㲻κ⡣
ʱĳԸûɽʮʩչٴθϵʱȴ޿صĲ
ڳԸһ֣ﱾñĺˮԸһ֣ںǰ˴㻯ΪһƬѪԹ֮ء
ԸԶԶһȺˣǸɾڵϣбһѪŮˣŵϦѺ̣ȻʧȥϢϦѺ̡
Χȫʬ壬һȺڵϦѺ̺ߣھܾŵӵĿ
վϦѺ̶棬ųԸƺ΢΢š
Ըĵ˴˵عڳصա
ɫЩ԰ףȫѪ
ƣǳԸһ˴߽ͼ䱧ס
ûзԸĻ㹻Ļǿŵķ
һУһ
·ϣ˿뿪ڳϣʱһ˭ûжһ顣
ۿϦѺǰסħ͵Ϯȴûзͬгϣһ̴ࡣ
ɱǸ͵Ϯųϣڹ˼ϮĸҪϦѺ̡
һսһ߸ϵʱȴûнϦѺ̾¡
ˣϦѺ䣬Ϧѩӹš
²ͣڴˣϦѺ̵еľӡ
ϦѺһ£Ըܳһʱ䶼ҪߣǰӣȴӲԼŪ˳ݡ
Ըĳһڴϲ󣬽֣ԼĺȫȻ¶
֪еĵǣЩӱʲôųԸͲûնħаʱԸˡ
ɾˣԸȴǲ⡣
ǻҵģûɵĸоΪ£ûаȫУѰԴͷ
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ܱ֤һֱųԸóԸΣС
Ҿ㣬Զģұ֤¡
ԸԽҪشĻ
Ǽȫζֻ԰ģԸ֪õһ𰸣ò߳һš֣ǵñסЦ
ﶼ֪Ĵ𰸣ԸȴƫҪһΣһҪ˵ſϴӦ
ĳԸҪβ뿪ܲӦ
ûʧԣڳԸʩŸʱƺԤϵ˳ԸĵԶԶվӭųԸ
Ը뿪ÿһΣʱųԸһųԸ
˵ųԸûʧԼ
˭û뵽Ǹز˻
еıʶٴξǸִŮӿʼ
Ըûϳִݣûϳ뵽ִ
ԸභƫκһҪ仯Ӧ֮·Ը
ΪܹսԸȴʼֻӦֵ֮ԭ
ʱǱ֪ԷڰһҲУǵ֪˰֯Ӱ١
չһʱ䣬ӶԷе֪˸Ӱ֮֯¡
ȴû뵽ִƭ˳ԸڳԸƤӵ¹
ִܺԼݱ¶ҶԳУһ߳ԸԼ֣Ҫˡ
ԸִһΣǣԸסЩ׷ִİˣڻִ뿪
ȴû뵽ڳԸס˻ص˵ĵصʱٳûеȵʧȥͬϵ
ϵǣǵĺ޷ڣ֪ԼǱִƭˡ
ѰִԸʼһ̽ڣ¹㼣ĵطȫһ飬֪˶꣬ûжϹԽңҵˡ
ǧᰵһɽ֣ټĵط
Ը̤Ƭ֮УʬܾնɱΪҪʧ֮ʱһض
֪һħµضУסԸĺӵڡ
Ըһ̶ͣźߴڰʯִ֮ء
ǣڿǰ󣬳Ըȴٲǰһ
ʯһͼ룬ŵȵ˳ԸĵһĨȥ
ƣ
Ըס壬ֹֻͣԺȴЩҲĿЩǲᶯȴһ㣬лζţƵ
ڲţڻһһ黽һΣǸȴһζӦĺ


119 Ϊأϣ
Ը̫ǵλصѩɽ, ķŻδɢѩ⣬ӻдѡ
ۿһ˿ȣϤĳЩ, Ը廹ڲ, ǰһС
ļ仹ͣڱסһ, ¶ȣɢҲץס壬һ̻ڷŵġ
Ϊʲôѩɽôѩɽ
ԸָǰδɺԵʪ⣬Ǽٵ, ֪һǼٵġ
, ѩɽ, žҪ뿪ڡ
Ը𣡡
ϦѺ̵ͻȻ, վɽǰ, Цղ˵Ҫչ㼱Щʲô
ԸסŲȻȫȻǲš
㡢㡪
˼µ, ͼ֤ⲢԼĻþ
񲻻ûħβٵġ
뵽Ը͵һ, ǿйʶ, 㼫µۣҧסҪĺ, Ц
ۣ֪һжġ
ܳһʱ, Ըһֱûҵʲôֱһ̣ʱ̣Ըץסˡ
ʱݣʱݡ
ϦѺ̾ýյĳԸЩ֣֪ԸŪˣȰһʦùд󰭣
ԸסϦѺһް鷳
˴ǵĺ죬ʳҪ֪Ĵ𰸣ꣿ
ʵ棬ϦѺ̵Ҳش˳ԸǻһˣȻҪ٩䣬ƽոԸһ飬Ҳûӡ
ԸƢԴǼõģ̫ޣЩýӴһദˣֻᷢõһ档
ûΪּߵİȻӲԼλߵλãЦŵģ˭κ⣬Ľ
ΪˣϦѺ̲Ų˳Ը˿̵ĲԾûڻ
ϦѺ˵ݣԸţơѰǰѶʮ꣬һ꣬Ӧؾʱ̡
ţԸҪ̲סеļϦѺ̣һ̶ûԥѰȥӦڵɽϡ
ƺԸһЦԼȻ޷ҵȥɽҲɽѰټ
Ըǵߵľǰһ·ζóǣȷҴ˵ط
ȺɽȴƫƫûоȺĳҴ˵ط
뿪Ⱥɽȫһ飬ûѰټ뿪˴˴
Ը߱˴ȺɽڰĳһɽʱͨеĹؼ
ɽĹȺɽ֮ϣһƬƣ
˳ĹǣӦķ
ɽгһ֮·ǣվڹеŮǰ̤С
Ϥбɽеľֶڴ߱Ժ֮ġ
˲֦¶۾ķо֣ƽȥһͬʱɽоദһʱ䣬ϵô˿ϵС硣
ɽ˵Ĵڣ浨Сľ֡
СʱСҲڴ˴ŮϢºͣȻϣС˳ྫðͷ
ǶڴųԸֹŻ
Ը֣ȳֵСϣ˲ġ
ĵСһţͷе⣬ʵһˣܴȥ𣿡
СͷŲ֪˵ʲô
˭
ͻȻԸдСתǸվڹУдɻС
ǳԸѰСĵͷСѴӳԸ£ҪȥСߡ
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СȻ۾һȺûϵǰ⻭棬СΪ׽Զ̧ͷǣСԭգ۾ֹţȫסߡ
ԸЩСůԴԴΧտ
ơ
СŮ˵µû׾űסˡ
ϵ𣿡
ԸƽϢҲģӦţǳԸѰˡ
Ѱң
ԸɿСڵŵǰǰߣڵСƽӣάŸղǸ˵ţǣѰ㣬ҴӦҪѰģƣҵˡ
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ڱˣЦŵģȴʢϸ⣬СС
СץסԸϵЦ˵һֱûеȺܾõģ㲻Ҫѹ
ԸӭСĿ⣬кȻ⣬ǰİƷһССǱȲƣȻҪһСӰο
뱧סƣ롣
ԸЩǵöʧľϲеԨĿʹ
Сɽɽеľ֣һΣԸҪúİơ
зССɽоΪ飬ûֵȺ
Сϳȣȴڲزסĺ档
·߸ʽСǾСĿһһɨֿŷ΢΢תķ糵ֵĶߣȺӵԸǣС˳С߿ȥļЩС
أһĨ촳ߣСͷŸ߸ߵ͵Ⱥеһɫ
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СӭųԸѯʵĿ⣬ͻȻֲǺ뽫ĸܸ֪ԷЦģ
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ԸĬ˵ᣬݼ仹δɢ⡣
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ԸһϣĿͣЩϡ
ԸĬŲ˵ҲǲϲԸĹ¡
ץסԸ˻Σ˵Ըǵұƭ𣿡
ҪˣҲСӣױƭߵģֻҪڰԸߣﶼȥ
Ըɳ˵ֱۣҲڸҡţһһ£˵ÿһֶС
ãҽӦĻ
ȴҪԸĹ¡
һһʮԸʼߣŰһͬŵѩɽκһǹȥĹ¡
ʱŵ÷һ졣
ǵӾȥ߸ʮ꣬һ꣬˳Ըԣѩɽչء
ԸΪ˱չضʮޣѩɽ꣬뿪ѩɽ
ķȷһ·ûͣ˴ɽеıִ塣
ʱıִ廹ǰѪɺӵģԸϢڱִ岻Զɽ
ڴ˴ʱ䣬Сִ꣬Ǹ⴦С䡣
ֻһۣԸϳ˱ǵͬһնɱǸ
һΣûи˽ӵĻᣬץס˰ˣɽ֮Уֻǻû̫ණ˾ȻԾ궼ɢ
Ըһѻ˰˵ʬ壬ɱһִС
˯ڸĸߵСԸֹסɱ̾Ϣš
ִȻдģԼƭߣУ
µĹ޷ģûʱݣԸһҵִĺǣһִֽʬΡ
ǰСȴûдǸʧȥĸȼ޸ɱɷŮˣûǸ·
Ըɶɱ⣬಻˽ȥһûз֮ˡ
ִаˣܿŰʧȥһ㣬Է޿ȥŮָö౯ʹأ
֣ܶɱС׻ٵҡ
Ըûɱִݳ֣Ȱ뿪˵أԶִĸĸҪͬУһȥ˸Զĵط
˱ִ壬Ӵޱ֣಻ὫִȥǸ䣬зĹ£Ȼٴݡ


120 ΪأУ
Ӱ, Ը顣
ŹһУΪʲôҪƭУȺĿĵΪΣ
֮, һںܾǰ, Ϊ, ȴܹС
ձеǰƵĻ㱯ᷢ
ƾߣɵܿƻȻʱǺµ, ޲ÿʱÿ̶ðͣڡ
ֹס뷨, Ը¶ҪҳӰصܡ
֪Ҫɵľ, 
һҪˡ
Ը֪, ܹŪԵ, ܲӰĿĵΪΣƾͻһֱΣ֮У񲢷һ֮£ܻʱ, ܽһķ
һǰ㣬츳Ǽõģ˶ԣ齵, һ, ıĵ
չزǳԸΪѰһͷҪչʱȥѰӰٵټ, Щڰܼļһﱩ¶ڹ¡
һΣǰִӰٵĹ, ûд˿ʳʲôҪȴԭڹµһ
Ҫ֪ﶼڱ仯ŵģԭҲζŽҪ֮ı仯ܶ࣬ԭ°Ʊ·ѻ٣ǵδ֪
δ֪ǺܿµģԸһֱȴ֪ҪòܵȵʼնһĿ֪꣬һ֣Բǧ꣬ʮꡢܹ꣬ȵ
ΣһߣȴԲǿµδ֪
ȴͬȻ߹һȥ·ۼ֤˰ǰһǰ·ģɳԸ֪ղס
¿ʼδ֪ģӰٸ޷ûиˮġڷ籩ɳеδ֪Σա
ĴڶڳԸ˵̫ˣȹȥҪЩ㱩¶еΣա
Ǿڱڰ֮˶ţ޴ɱܡ
Ӳߣ㲻
ԣԸҪİƲòصûκҵĵط˭ҪֲźãƾͲˣױʧ֮˹ƭߡ
ǰ˽Ʋһ˵ģȴİˣƸעҪػܹ˽Զռ
ڵڳԸİƣȴҲҪŵ
㱼䣬Ըܻܾúܾǰǰȥʱ䣬ʱʶĺֻδʶΣȻǲˡ
ɳԸԶǵðƣ֪ƶסһÿһÿһҹÿһʱÿһ̶Ŀϡ
ڣҲĿС
Ǵ￪ʼԸʶɳУǵĹ±￪ʼˡ
ǵĹ²ǴӳԸסµĺ߿ʼҪ׷ݵĻԸ¶׶ʱǾȻעҪԷĹˡ
Ҫδ֪ѣйӰ٣Ը֪ࡣ
ļӰ֯йصļ䣬ǰйǶεļУû̫עӰȺ˵Ĵڡ
ֻǵħս£һȺŰ´ߵ֮ˣħǻţʱħԵ޹䣬ǧ²֮Уһ˵ħǱȺֵİɱ
ڵʱֻ⵱һЦϾǿħףʵħһˣôܻһȺְС
˵Щ˵ͨıܹɱףҲΪһ׮£Ǹ˻ǰǡ
ڿǸħйصĴУڰһΪʵġ
ٴʱʼӰٵȻУǺǿֺܶԼҲ˵Ⱥ㹻֡
ʮʱ̫̣ҪӰܣԸòճʱȥѰңǵõеıߣ׽¸֪κˡ
йӰٵһУԸҪһȫһҪŪ׵ġ
ʮչʱ˵̫ɶ˵ȴЩ
ڱչǰЩӣȥԸһֱǴѩɽȥɽѰ̣ԸҲһҪŵġ
֪չغӷ˺εȴ£һգչؽĵһ˱ǵĳԸǰһͬշԸԺΪЩǹȥйصĹ¡
һеһжǰƺûһ˿
òϣڳԸ˵Ҫ뿪һʱ䣬ҪԼȻһ˲ͣ٣ҪԸֿ
֪ԸΪְ𣬳ԸҪ︺𣬲ý߶һϡ
ͬҪ·ϣȻֻгԸһ˵Ĵڣı㲻ֻ޳ԸһˣܹԽ·Ľѣһֻɢ䡣
ʱҪԸȶأ
һʮ꣬ҲȲ
룬ȥԡ
ǵõһμԸգо˵һϢŵŮˣЩСֵİȫ·Ѱ˹ȥ
ŮĨʵҫۣһμҫ۵ɫʣȵƲۣȴǵԼʵ˭
ŮĻתʱ̫СеֻǵͻȻӵסĻůȴţǰȴֺƺᣬסƺ
УԸ׿˿ĳ಻ͬԸǺģƺںЩʲôܽĿԼϣҪʱСԼο
ĳԸãӳԸпʼѾΪصĴڣκ˶޷ȡ
ĳԸζԼ޾ĵȴС
ҪһЩٿһЩ֪ԸһЩΣյ飬Щ鶨ȻйأŲԸԼҲΪˣҪسɳ
ɽУϦhϦͬУ˴ͨȥ˳һڷΣɢС
˳о󲿷˵Ŀ⣬ԭ򵥣Ϊ˵òʵڼá
곤һЩĹΪÿ˴ԼĿ⣬һ˫ﻹݣò񻰡
ͬеҪһЩӸΪãϹ˲еЦüмơ
λˣҪҪ
Ŀ֮£һȺʿΧס˵ȥ·ͷʵڳǻ
ϦһӾͱʵ̲סûгۣû۾͹
СףϦhҪֹĻڿС
Ϧ׻һסȥ·ˣ˭öģ
ƳʵСʦĶ
δ¶񣬾ԴǰºͿŶĳ
ʱڴǰҪ˵ĻӣеС£ĪҪ
ѷĻӲ˻ȥתתȻƽ͵ȻұϾ֪СĶײܲʧӡ
ҪΣ˵仰ʱ΢΢ƺЩȡ
ѷǰںÿŮӣûо߳ܵ򵥣ʺȢ޵䣬ҿƶ࣬Ϊһ㣬ңպΪƸɷУٵǵܿ࣬ȻǼõġ


121 Ϊأ£
Ըɽǿջʱ, ǡϦѧѷ˵Ǿ仰ҿƶ࣬Ϊһ㣬, պΪƸɷ, ٵǵܿ, ȻǼõġ
ϦЩѧ˵µģһ仰ֻһ飬Ȼѷ˵ʱ̬òѧ߷֣ü, ϦhȻὫǰ߳ȥ
Ϧûע⵽ԽĳԸ, ûͣţģ, üۡͷ, Ҳ˼˵㻰, ҽСʦϣǴ˴ҶҪӽˮкúÿԼ
ϦhͰԭϹһ˿Ц⣬ͻȻڴ˴ĳԸ, ԽϦhͼɫʾϦףԷȴδɫеİʾʵʦ, ۾ôˣ
û, лֱ˵
Ϧh̾ʾϦ󿴡
ôϦײתͷ, վĳԸ͵һ, Ը𣡡
ڴ˴
ǡ·Ը΢΢ͷ΢εգֵǰЩӣŰ˵׷ˮܫһ£Ҳ鵽һЩǡɽйأ˴˴
ԸûаļӣͣȴһЩﶼǼõġ
Ϧh볤ԸĴ࣬ȥÿһߣȷǵһΡ
أ˵ҹӣʲôԸβ˵ʳĵ⡣
Ϧ׵ĻǡһЩûĻ⻰밢йء
ԸǳĬˣǸ׺ߵҽ޿˿ڣ˵Ǵ˷еļƻ
׷ˮܫĹУǷɽһЩϵɽΪԭһΪոóʿΣһζûѰĴڡ
ǣǱһɰ´ͬмȵУϢϦhϦ˰·ɢ޽ܣڳôһϷ
û뵽ǣѷüˣȻ˵ǰ㲻ҪĻʵ⣬Բѣ
Ը˵ĻɫƺЩգ۾ʧڴ˴
Ϧ˵սң׷ȥӦûһ
йӰ֮²׷飬Ը£֪ȥ飬Ծɺҳͷ
һΣħĦս֮ҳһЩйɽУ׷˴˴
֪ӦҲڸǰЩյţȴû뵽Ҳ˳һ鵽ңѡա
һΣӰٽӴ
Ը⽫Լ֮¸߰ƣǲҪٴνӴЩˣȴû뵽ƺڸЦ׷ôòһȻһ
שߣҾһĻƽݡ
ԸȴδһۣѰϢڵķһԺӡ
ѷԺһȺʧȥǵˣһЩżõ츳
ĿͶڵλãڴǰơ
Ӧ̧ͷԸڵķ
ǰһɫ£ųõĽΡ
ԸգۼǰĿĨϡ
ԸôˣЩϲ
Ըһ˺ľ룬ᱧסԷļЩҵȻҪġ
סѹ˿ϲãĳԸڵģԸҪˡ
Ը͵رڻУ岻סţ˵
£Ϧ˵ʱںš
Ը֪ԼϦh˵Ļʱֻһ£ҪЩߣһҪЩġ
ûһжû
ԸԭҪƴҴߣȴԸ׷ῴգͽйӰٵУڣῴ޸ˣǼٵҲС
գԸЭˣʱƻòðƽӴӰй֮£ڿʧĿʱ˲
ԸҵϢ֪һͬƽס˵󷨣Ϧh˴ڵа¶ڵӽȫ׽ãЩаʧȥΪǵʿ
ˣаС粨
һ³ŴţŶۼߣҪ볤Ըƽζ
ϧǣԸЩˣûлӦйǵۡ
ʱǲ˵ģգۼ䣬ȥ
ʱԸɳ׷ŹӰٵ䣬Уŵһͬڸš
֮ͬǰǣɽһº󣬳Ըδ֪ԼǶʧȥԷľȴи֪˶ԷԴ˱֮ϢĻͨ
ؾĿһżȻɢ´͸ָԸɳԸܵĥ𼫴󣬼֧ţȴǲһ㣬Ҫάؾ˵Ǽġ
ԸԥҪҪȥؾһߣȴ˾
ؾܹĻԵ࣬Ҫֻ㹻ľ֮ĸȹ̣ܸһ߽Ըߡ
밢Ըʲô鶼һ˳ţҪվڰԸߣŶԷһδһС
ûʲôǾԵģҪųԸǵδɾԡ
٣ھؾʱġ
һڵˣԼÿһӵһۿԸųԸ뿪ʼڳԸǰҪһ½ʼұסԸʱ֪һҪվڳԸߵġ
Ըһ¹¶ȴԵȴ˶ʮһʧȥȴǿװǿ
֪ԼοĻ̫ᣬ˵̫࣬³ŵ겻ɵĳŵ˵ˡ
ɵ֮ʱۿųϦദͬǰǰһʱһ̻ζˡ
סСһĹ΢Ϊʲô
ǹȴЦţСʦҲһͣ
ԣû˭ǲһġ
ҪάţȴסǰĹҡҡͷСʦ壬㡢Ҫųȥ
ҡҪ˵ȴǹͻȻͫ΢ţþƺҪƿ
һ˿ˣƲκˡ
ûзӦʱɱ̴š
Ǻ۵ģۿͬԼʧȥϢƺоʹˡ
ıӲ֪ʱľϢĸоܣĿ⽥ģڵʧȥϢͬУһ̣ࡣ
˵ʱῴһƣʱԺеĻ棬ǰкܶ඼йڳԸģЩϦദͬţһ̶ǰģĺϡ
룬һ̻ۣҪڴʱԸأ
ǰ֣߰ԸҪˣԼûбƭߡ
Ըһ仰ԸˣͬԸ˵ԲʧԼˣӣųԸˡ
ܣҲûл˵仰ˡ


122 ΪԸϣ
ҹ, ԸܻƵһ̣ˣȴҲûлץס
ǰ, һ뿪
һһʧȥĿɲ, ס, ζܶ㿪
УԸסż̽ͷС۾ץģָָв䲻˵Լڡ
Сɿס۾, ųԸգ, 廹ڲ, ڳԸ̫Ƶµͷ
ƺûԼαֵŮ׽ס, Ƕڴ˴Ű, ָϴˡ
Ըû˺С磬õӦ𣬱㽫ˡ
С볤ԸĿƺУֱֱ, УСץס죬͵͵ԸǱߵķ򿴡
СЩɽоһ𳤴Сɽо, ߵһ
С, ôˣûСͻĶͷЦ, ۿСҪС
죬С͵͵ûֱ
ţ
ԸվԶ, һ߲壬ʱջĿ⣬ʶڵסԼ
ԼÿտŰʱʩչ֮Ƹܷ
Ը߹ʱӳϵӰӣһߵץһ£ʲôס
վʱ䣬ԸȻ벻жˡ
ǳԸڶʩչصߣһνʲôʱأ
ԸԶıӰƺһοֵİƣȥ

̫ȥ밢ƵʱǷϢǾһ޿ɶܵĴɽѹǰк
ԸٲᾭˣϢĸоܡ
ʲôĸоԸԼӦԼĴǲ֪
֪ǣÿһοȥ޲ȥ
ԸҪػˣԸԵʼ۶ֻҪ
źʱһ㱶Σվλãǵĩ·
ûĩ·
ûĴڣûԸ֧ţҪβܲĩ·
ۿţӰ֯ĵôǾΪΪν֮·
Ц
ЩУƺ굹ӳ޾У𲻵̰
ϵħҲãɽѡҲãЩ޹ķһעõ·
ԸⳡΪѣһʱص˸ǰӰٵһֵʱ䡣
ǰסЩҵӰˣ׷һͻȻ֮ãһΪĹ̡
õһҪ˰Ƶʱ㡣
һΣԸһʼѰھеڴһסκѰ˴Ŀܡ
·УԸЩӰٵжӴ֪ԼǲȫŴڣħ֮Ȼڡ
ǾһȾɫϣŲؽ֮УݷţȴĿ֮ʱ
ǧ򲻸ãĿ֮ϣýڳԸΪϡ
Ը𻹲µС˷֮ʱıýЩĴ¶ٿкʧȥĿʹйʧõ˼
Сֵ֮ǰķ׼õڰߣΡ
֮Щ֮Уȴҫۡ
󽫽ʮʱԸζԶĿĳɳŰƱ׾ǣΪһɳο
һΣԸĲٳڰƵǰ
ǰΣĸţܻһĩ·
¿ʼһΣԸĲٳڰƵС
Ը֪ЩӰ֮Ƿ֪ĴڣǲĹϵȷ˰Ƶݡ
ǻǣһ׿ƣŰĵ·
ǰΣܻ޿ɱذġ
Ը֪ǰٶȵ㲻죬ǷûĳܵӰ졣
ڶΣΪٶҪһЩԸȥеĿܡ
ǰͽӰٶŵĹϵУŴ˵ԭҪȹȥ̫࣬һܱ˶ŵλϣ£Բðԭܵۡ
ڰǰðȥЩ۵Ĺע·ĻԸȵپһЩһЩҲûйϵ
ԸԶԶŰȥıӰȻİø˫۾ǹȥڣʢƲߵγ
ԵĻԸ׷ӵסƣֱȦסƣҲӲ
Ըĺ밢ƣֻǲģ
ԼЩˣԸ֪ԼӦ飬ڴʱ뿪ȥҿӰ֯ܡ
ƫƫԸȴֻ׷ססҪݺҧסĴһһںһ
ֻ㣬ԸŸǰһʵŵģİһλˣǰ
ɳԸܡ
һѹŲķӣֻ㹻ǿƲܿŲܲҪ
ԸˣһգۣİƱٴ뿪
ʮ꣬ж֮Ϊ仹ߣĪΣ̫СȴҲܹԱ
ҪҪһ쳾ȥȥĵȻиĸ
ڷһУԸũڰǰƲס˷ܣװ鵤ҩߣд˽ϵȵ鵤ҩС
࣬Ը㷽ʽǰܶΣÿһΣݵ󶼲ͬ
ڲͣɳţָԭĵ·ȥ
缱ҹڵĸǽ֮ϣҪСﱧڻУοܾССҪȥԺУСزȥ˴󷨣Ȼżȥ׷а
Ը׷аԶ˴˴֣֮СΣ뵽˵ڰǰҽ޹
ûעԭעĹ¹켣Ȼڴһ̾Ȼˡ
δСȥ·һ֪ҽ޹ﵲ˰ǰ㣬Ƶɢ
һǣĸ֪ΣգܰתƱ˺ǳԸΪˡ
ʱţԸȻֵȵĹ£˵󷨱ΧжBദ˺ܳһʱ䣬Bҹȥ
ȥԸüеķֻǸʱ侭¿˵ıִ塣
Ըһ˴Уԭķ˴ˣͬʱִһҡ
³ֽŮӵǰ棬˽ĸŮ˵ųͷʵǺˣ
Ը
ԸӦһ˵ĵӣĿֱֱСִϡ
һεΪȻı˹켣޺Сȴ˴·ǸĹ֡
кʵԣ˽СȫźŭȣҲ˭Щȥ˺ҵŮ
Ըɫδ̧һ£֪ɹҶǰ˵ĺһʹ඼ûС
Ը䣬ػȼ˵ʬǡ


123 ΪԸУ
չ۵, ڳԸϣĺڰյ޿ɲ䡣
, ɱ
￪ʼ, Ը
ɱȴڱ, ̧ͷȵĹͣǰ
Ը֪ö֣Ӧõġ
ߴ׳ɣп棬ɫ͸¶԰ס
ע⵽, ڲܿƲš
̫Ĺʵ̫, Ըĺܸ, ƺڱ, ޿ѡ
ûа취, ÿ䵽Ŀİɫߣʹ߰ޣԸ޲صȥһգٿһ, ҪʬΡ
ǰСִ޴ɳԸǲܣˣΪԼһεʧ˰ơ
һ, ִɱԭ
Ըһ̶סִĶ, ǿִ̽ļ䣬ִļ, Լ뿪Ĺ¡
ִŸĸճԸ˵Զ˴ӣǶ˷ĳ, ȹǵʮꡣ
ִò̫˻ˣתת䣬ԭĹ¡
ִйӰٵĹͬǲȫģȥӰ֮㱻һڰУһ°ĺڰ֮أÿһգܻвͬİΪһɫˮǻǿнˮִС
۾ִ뿪˴
μУִ֪ĵطֻƺҪԭŵӸһЩƾо֪˴ȻһΪΣյĵط
ÿ˴ִǱ۾ģȴ֪ڴ˴ʱٻˡ
˴İ˺ܿȥٴΰ
ֵˮзȣ۵ִ֧Ųסſڵۡ
ÿʱ֪һ˫۾ڽԼһĮ̹ǵĸоֱڸλǺεȵĮȻ
Ϣ޶˶
ִļ䣬ģԸ޷̽鵽
ִܴеսܵǸ˵Ĵڣһڰݵߣס
ÿһȥǴִڵʱһҽУʱ˵ĲҽУޱȡ
ִڵۻὥɢȥΪڿپš
ִԸ׳Ӱ٣ЩڳԸĺ⣬ÿܾĥ֮ʱܻ뵽ĸΪģ
ûǳԸĳ֣Ǹ뿪ǸСׯЩˣЩѡ
ǸȰ뿪ӵˣһй·֡
ִ֪ӰĿйأԭҪߣȴɱ
Ϊ˱Ӱ٣Ϊ˱Ը
䲻֪Ӱе˺εã֪˵ĴںҪҪˡ
Ƕִļ䣬ԸǱеģǴףģû㹻İգİƻֵС
һΣ֤һζʱȴһӵ˻ǰӰ֯һγʱһʼվȷĶԿλá
ѡǰ·ڽš
ǸҴС˺ѣ˽ʶڵһˡ
Ըż͵͵۲ĽŰƺͬƣǰ㲢սĬޱȡ
ƺһжû⣬ǰ㣬ͬȴǣĳԸȴܳڰǰ
ԸԶʱϦhǹĻڰǰԼһǿޡ
ʱԶĳԸͦ˱޶ÿڵĻش𣬼֪İƻϵԼȴڽš
һߣЦᣬڵĳԸ𣿡
˵ԭ𣿡
ԸоţһЦ
ھ߹ȥװĻϦhȺСȻ߰Լݣ˵ỽͣʱƵ۾޾ĿУ밢˵һ仰
ǣܡ
ԸԼǽǣǽǵӰڵΡ
ʵڲ㵲ţҲûܹϳ
αװþˣǼǵȥѰʱǰݣ㣬˭ֻᵱһŮɢޡ
Ķˡ
ͨɢ޵ͷĳԸһ٣͵һͣƵˣĶߡ
ԸзԼֻĻӦԶϦhȺСһ飬λߡ

ɻã
ϵУǽƺڲŵŮޡ
Ů޵״ֺ̬ǲãܵ˾š
ˣŵøЩὫеĶϣƵǰ
µԸ̧̣ͷ
㡢ǣ
Ըźʵľ룬Դ˲Ե̫Խ磬ƺŵкᣬʵĹ
û˵оӨЩ
һӼõˣΪԼŵðŵҽĶˣȷǧҪպá
˵꣬Ҫ뿪ǹȴסٽϵķ׹У㡣
ȣæŻϣüҡͷܱⷨģøҡ
ȴóһͳһѷҪġ
ӾˣæסĶ۲һΧȰ˵Ʋ¶ĪҪó
ԸЩĵطסڰָ⡣
ˣָ⻹ŰƵ¶ȡ
ջĺ⣬׹ϣһߣϦhһ˵ȵþˣԶ
ԸԭλϣȴڸС
ĵЩ밢ƽӴϲȴԺԼ
ÿƵģװĴ̫࣬ϰһ˲ת԰ʱ̬ȡ
ǰ㿿ˣȴֺƺͰƸ˺ԶԸסǰĹ⡣
ڴŲԼ߿ƣͰƲŻԶ
йӰٵĹȥкܳж㲻ģұʡ
ұʣԸ󣬴ŷڡ
һΣڱʹʱص֮ʱǴûעұʴ£ʱıʻδʼǰһΣؾ䣬ȻҲ֪ұʵķ
һΣұ֮УԸҲ˹
֪ұʵԭһ뱻Ӱ֮͸Bһţȴֵø̫ƫִ
ԸǵһΣϦұ֮УϦhBѣ֮佩쳣BԱңӴ˹ʧ
BٵӰµĸȴҲֽĩ·
һΣıյBϢǰһҡ
һֱڷţԸϣܹıδ


124 ΪԸ£
ܵ۸, ǰ·ǸСĳԸһжס
ǰ̽·, ҪʱעԼ֡
ܵ޷ж, ֪ȥ, ԸڸһС
طһ鷿ѰһȦаڽΪء
ţҪ鱨һЩ黰, B˵ķ
о, ۵ƴ, һѰȥ
ʵ̫۸, תһȦ, ûҵָֽλã˱𴦡
սͻȻϮĶзޱȣܼʱ, ׼֣ȴֶѰŵB
ѣҡ
һ˲֪Ҫҹ, Ʋ߰
, ڹȥദУB¡
B, ҸضϿƫƫ, ǹµһ·
û˭뵽һֵţû˸ⴳҡ
ЩסB֮ˣǹûš
ڵ©֮ĵBķ
ʱֲԣסǸҪڷмٰB͵ϮˣƷ
ܵѰϦʱԭǹЦȻʧȥϢ˫󱻽𶤶ǽ֮ϣϢɢ
Ϧ׵д˳B뿪˴˴ܵȴڴ˷ֿ
ܵһУԸʼûĸѰBΪǵסЩӰˡ
Щû˻֪ЩܵмԸӰٰûһ»ڡ
ԸԶԶڵϱϦ׼ȴԸĹ
ƿĿ⣬ȴ뵽һΡ
һΣϦhʱѰϦףСͱԽĬ
ԸţϦhӰٶʱһĻۿŴʦϦѩսϦhɱۣǰаˣһƬѪ֮ؾԾһԥûС
һƬѪʬɽ֮У忿ϡ
㾭δ̫أԸʱϦhеıʹж٣ξܺԥʤء
ƺû̫ķֲ·»ڼǰš
ԸͻȻһ£ɱִȴ֪δǷ񻹻ִǰ㺦Ƶ˳֡
δ֪ǿµģ޷Ԥϵǰ·Ƿ񻹻ִΣա
㣬Ըֻܸһ̽ѰţӰ֯
ȥĸţǰ·ơ
ħʱгԸغĹϵȴԾɲܹվһ·ϡ
ǰصӰٳǸʱʱħױʧ˵ħȻ䣬ûҵʬԸûš
ԲȫģЩ꣬һֱѰħ׵ټ
ֱħħ˫սԸͣѰټɡ
ħħΤһǧǰԽ֮ħ֮λСħѪϵ
ԸԼķ־ϲͬģҲڿһЩ顣
һΣȻĩ·ħ˫ȴûгκһЭ
ʱһ֣ħħӦϵĴڣΤȴΪȴħսδֹ
ͻȻһգħ򴫳Ϣ˵ħΤħԾһ껹ǧ꣬ΪȴȻ벽Խħ֮
һΣԸħѰħΤ
Ѱ̸УҪͬԿӰٵ˵ⱻΤܾˡ
ΤǸĹħڰǶһڴ˴һӵĹ¼ŶĮȻ
ԸΤĽ޼գΤĵȥƶʲô⣬һϵǡ
ӰٵԽ¶¶һĹ¾Խࡣ
ĳΪµĶ
֪ʱΪ˶ˣֻһҪԽ֮
ԸԽæµ۾̫࣬Ըǰʱ½̫עİϡ
벽֮Ϊ಻Ҫʱʱ̿ţټܹ˺˲࣬˺ԸҲܹһʱϵߡ
㣬ֲ֪ȥ˶á
Ը˳ѰӰܣ鵽ڣ˳һ·УԽȺɽһƬߵɳĮ֮С
еɳĮУͻȻǿҵһ̽Ѱ֮£Ըɳӵڸҳ˼߰˵ʬ塣
ЩڽˣЩ˵ˣ
Ըɫһ䣬ʱԤϵԡ
ȥһΣƶûеһ⽣ˣӦǽµĲŶԡ
ٰ㷽ڰЩܹܹ̽鵽Ƶټ֮ߵǣԸɳĮиı˷
˰ǰܱĶˣԸǾЩ̫ԾɳĮпЩ˵ʬ忪ʼľھţƺԤʾʲôҪ
ɳĮһƫƧС䣬ڲǰһ籩бȫڸǣܹԸ޷жϳ˴
֮ʮɢӦһգԸ˰ڴ˴ľ
˴䱾Ͳ󣬶ǶһɳĮġ
ƺЩˣɫ԰׵뵽ЩɳĮϡϡһ·ʬ壬Ը²ʱİƴָվһս˦Щˡ
ڴΨһСջ˶ĵƺǾ棬ȴûԽ
ϰǸˣŵ徲λãһҾƹֲ֮һˮ
ȣֻǿʼһˮȴû뵽ˮкŵʢһ꣬ӯյ
ҪϰлСеϰȴƺʲô֪ЦȰЩ뿪ӣĪҪڴ˹ҹ
ǴеĹأɳϣвˣĪͣʬ
ǴӵĹأǰ뿪⴦С䡣
û뵽ǣ뿪䲻úɳ˴磬һ궼йľ޴籩һޣһڱӡ
ͻȻķûԤףеĴûκη޷ܳɳ֮С
ʱԭ뿪ȴͻȻ֣סɳ
ֻһվɳ֮УΪڵ籩
˵õ˴ϢᣬԶɳ֮ȥǴеıֻҪܵǴܶ㿪ⳡϯɳ
Ը׷ŴԶĶ֮أѰǸˮϰ
ڴУȷȥ
סɳ֮ʹһ·˴Уȴڰ·Ӱ׷϶İˣΪ˴İȫЩɳĮĸ
ԸǰţŬеĿ־壬Щܹ֮ﶼûдƶȻµģһ
ȴ͵һۣ֮ĵƺһҶˡ
ԸӿٶȣǰƵĵ׹ˣ


125 Ϊϣ
Ʋ۶, ھ겻ĻĮ֮ϡ
Ըһ۱㿴վĵĹ
ɳĮټнеļΪС׳£Ŵ۵Ĺ⡣
ὣǰ, з̶Ľ
˸з, ס˹ǿ׵֮, նϡ
ⲢͨƣѶȹʮ׽١
Ըץסλõƽץȴûע⡣
ϵʱǡǵڶʮ£һ׻˰Ƶķ, ڵ档
İδ, Խվ, ǹѪ顣
״̬ۿɼ, ڶʮһС
ʶȥǰĵ׹, ȴ˿ա
Ŀһ˲΢٣һֲԵɵʧ䡣
δץסһԭɣ׵һ, ڴ׳ϺɫʵڿɲƺҪӰ顣
Ըͫ΢ţۿ׵ڰϡ
İƻԳ壬űߵɳ֪ʱ׵±ɫ
ûдϢʱ, űһ׳¡
Ըս, еĻ̿ԽŴʱ, Ȼܿ塣
Ŀʼڰڵλã̫ȡ
ơЩ, һʱἫˡ
ԸԼȴƫƫע⵽ˡ
ײתɿ
һΣԸαװԼ
ðע⵽Լˡ
ڴԸʱһ˿ޡ
ڻԼϣתȴû뵽ײһ
֣ûмŮӣȴ־ЩϤ
ͺƣǺܾ֮ǰϵñ˴һ㡣
ڳԸҶܣ¶ĵĶУȴһ
΢΢üͷû̫˵û֡
ĪҪٿˡųԸ˵ʮ׽٣̫ᱻǣ
ţŲһЩ롣
еÿһܼѣƻڼţȴС
Ըֻ΢΢ǰŲһСĿȥĲУͣԼĶ
ǰȥˣѹֵҪӿֱǿѹ˻ȥҾˡ
ʮף̫ܵӱӰ졣
ԸҶģʵ̫ˡ
˳ԸĻͣסŲĽŲ
׵µ˿ںۣǣƤ⣬ÿһ֣ᳶƤϵ⡣
˿̣ЩܲЩڵˡ
ȥ۵ƣû취Ծȡ
Ѷڵһ׵ʱ֪ԼȻͦˡ
Ĺ磬෴ģΪԤеԼ򣬲ֳܱη
ִʮף׵羡µδɵףҲסˡ
Ը߬ģҧܱסҪй¶
ʼԼҪƽӿмĻѹŲ㣬𣿡
ȻĻһ١
Ը֪ӦʲôҪͣȴҭڿ˵
֪ԸеƣʼͣͻȻĹϡ
ľȣȻЦҪģҺܺá
ԸȴĻǿѹŵڶԷЦըݺҧסȴЩ
İѧƭˣҪûˣƭ
һɵӶܿ⣬ȴû뵽˻һɵӶ֪ԵĴ𰸡
ܺˣһֶνĺܺá
ûƭ㡣˳ԸĻϱ仯
ЩͬŨҶ򵥵ģȴѹ̫ڲͣ¶
ҲοţҾúܺãһ̣Ȼƴȫ޻ڡ
Į󣬽ܼһˣǡǹ㣬ˡ
ЦţĻųԸҪֹͣ࣬ϸܵ۱ƵóԸ
ȥס
ҪʧȥˣһǰҪס
Ըδһ׵£ûסϥڵϡ
ԸǰһȻĿûԥ˹
ԼĽӽ˰ƣסܾöˡ
ϵĲ޷ӣԸ§סŰĵøӿɲ
ᣬûֳԸð
ڳԸϣܵһϢ޷ۣۣ̫ͻȻ
ԸˣɿһЩ
ͷǿƵۣ̾ＫϢȴڻ˵һ̶ס
ľ뿴ݣ֪ΪΣһϤС
ûкԵоʵǲǼ
Ըס䣬һĨ⣬̱Ϩҡͷ
ȷܶΣڲͬĵطԲͬݡ
ЩԸദԣǲġ
ǳԸ𣬶𡣡
϶Ըסſƺ׶Էϳ
ΣûзԼݡ
ΪԼ¶ԶеˣȻûˣԸŲûе¡
ųԸڽݣ𡣡
ԸвȶŽëʣ𣿡
šͷϳ˳Ըݣ㲻ڵͷơ
֪סԸųԸʵϵ𣿡
Ըҡͷƺ˾ӨۿЩᡣ
ӿʹͣţһһô
Ըֵ֪̫ˣĻȻܵĲ
𣿡ȴֻ̾һûв𴩳Ըڲ
ĿͶϿȻõƣĿԶ᣺ҾϤͺƣǺǰϵñ˴һ㡣
ڳԸٴα任У˻Щˡ
£ڸߣԸµһ仰Ҽ㣬С
Ӱɢ֮УԸűסĶеʧȥƿأһһš
˵
׵µһ̣Ը׽
΢ϡ
ɳԸԲϴȷ
ƿеΣԸĿڣϸܵмϲ
ȷ˵òͨΣǵļƬ
Ϊ˼ƬƵŻֳ
ȻǼٵģⲢǲûС
һΣԸûв밢Ƶгɳ
ûİƾ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ·
ԭǱŲԸܵǣŶ㿪֮ľ룬ȴû뵽߶һ·
Ըɳڱǡ
Ը㹻ʱ·Ȼ㣬ԸֻΪƴһ·
ҪƳҪֽƵλϡ


126 ΪУ
ѩɽѩΪȴ겻ѩ, ɽϵȴǱġ
˽֪ڵѩɽסһλںܶǰһС, ѩɽ, 
סѩɽС츳, ʱΪ̤뻯֮
סѩɽλ츳СˣֻȴӲڵӶ
ѩɽԸɽ֮, ĳЩ, Ƥ, ǡܽ˴ӻдѡ
գۼ, ߹һꡣ
ǹ¿ͷǰһ, Ϊȵӡ
ϸ꣬ĿԶȥڳɡ߽Ůϡ
ԸеΪƽһ̶ˮ, û
߼Ϊÿķ䣬绺紺һ, ϸƫбķζš
ɡΪԸס
, ˡ
ᣬϸ껹Ҫů
ȴĿԶ, հܣһ, ׷ɢ
ǰһվϸ֮£ģòŻ۳ˮ顣
ͷɡǰһЩȴֻĵطڵ
ϸҲܴʪ΢ˮе⣬ʢŮ̾Щ̫ˡ
ͺĵףƤԺΧ
ÿÿʱԸļܻйصĹȥ
׼ȷ˵ӦһδǰĻ档
ûΣƮҡ䡣
ָ⵽ģ壬꣬һ
ȻһůĻ
Ļ࣬Щ̫ζů
Ը̫ˣ޲һӳĻС
ʵϣڵĻȴ෴
˵Ҫҡ
Щˣ紺ϸ绹̹֡
סĻֽЩϤ¶ûĮȥ
𣬾һ𣿡ǴӺ汧סԸģĴڳԸߣ˵ʱȵϢڳԸߡ
ɡϸôһЩεδɡϣճɲ֪
뱧ˡ
ĿڳԸϣڽľ߱Щģ
ڳԸĹ£֪ࡣ
мʱʼѩɽϵģסһЦǻῴһʱԺһһҹҲһ¡
ĵһסĵһȴǳԸա
Ϧദ̫ʱˣйڳԸһһÿһ仯ܸо
֪ܣóЩ˵ڶһ˳š
Ҫȴʼ޷̽ѰЩܵڣ֪ģ޷ЩܣԶ˸һ蹵
㱧ųԸ¶Ⱥϵ¶һ޷˵С
֪¶Ⱥͷʽ߽ԸУֻ㱿׾İ취Լ¶ȴݵԷϡ
ɡµĿռСбᴵϡ
øЩԸûķ
ǳĿ޷¶ȣǳȵཻҪĴϢҪһδڶߵᴭϢ
ֻݶʱ̣һδʧȥĿʹŸҽȫչ¶
ҪҧĴҪݺҧĴҪǲѪǽţ޲鶯ĸ½ն
ʵ̫ˣ᲻ҧƴĸоܣһֻƤһ㣬ʹ͡
ÿʱǻսŵģҪҪ֮޷϶
ᣬܽƷ衣
Ʒ˲źãԸǸˡ
Ըڡڵġһʱʧȥ̱ڴϣ˵ţ§ѹϵĳԸ
ÿڴϵʱܿһһ𣬳Ըһ黽գʱĳԸǶ
ܹࡢԸܣԸһһλӦԸĻ
ƴҪĳԸʵߵ룬ǡûϲĿ
һѩɽȹɽĴ٣ҪϸĻûгԸɽĴࡣ
֪ɽµһУ಻֪ΣбֻгԸһˣӡ
ƽʱлȵϢܻųԸʲô
ҶʱĿཻ
ıͣЪϵˮεδţнĽҳһſݡ
Ըرס֮ûиκܹܵ˴Ƥȵ¶ȡ
ϵ¶΢һЩóԸ
һֱ𣿡
ԸЩ΢ƣߡ
˵ŵĻЩأͨѯʡ
δȵ϶ػش𣬱㽫ײԷУЩ
ʣһֱڳԸ𣿡
뿪ѩɽ뿪ڣһֱͬһ
ƺ˵ŷԷûιĻش
ɳϵǣȴһǵľ룬ᣬһֱߣ뿪
ĻἸܽĳŵûһ١
еġ
ɳԸȴĻ
ԼĻУһηԼ
Ŀðĩ·̫ˣһһĩ·Ľ֣Ѽ顣
ȡ񣬶ȡӰĿĴǵɱǰ򵥣ҪλҪ˽Ϊ
ɳǰ򵥵ģаܹǻ޾Ϊȴ޷߹١
ǵĿһʼıŵĹ̫Ҫǰ׷ݣҪɢʼһе㡣
ɳԸȴܻصʱˣҪۣ˿ߣɳԸȴ֪ÿһζĶǾ޴ģŷɣܿԽɢǰʱ⣬Զ޷Խǳҵ
һΣԸûûԥڷӦźѡ˷ǰһС
Ը̫ˣЩģŵǰһǧ꣬ѩɽѹסз񣬲ѹ·ɣֽѰ˻
ҪţԸһҪš
ԭҪ·Ϊ㹻ʱһعȥļ䣬һһεʧܰǰųԸļ䣬ʵ֪ǲܵġ
±ãΨһȻĽ֡
ԸĽ֣飬ʣĻԸֻҪţֻҪƻš
عλǳԸ뵽ܹı䰢Ʊѷʽ
Ҫֵƽһ赲Ƴϰѩɽַܹ֮أžԵİȫ
ЩӰٵıһһ䵲סЩ˵Ĵڡ
Ըȥһ赲ٶȳأ赲˰Ƴֶϵ֮Ĺ
᲻ϧһдۣΪ˰ܹţΪ˽·


127 Ϊ£
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ļת仯, ոһտ㾰ɫ, ȴδ뿪ɽ
, Ӷ̷ѿ֦
Ը̤Ŵɫһߵǰȥһ£ɫĵЩЦʱ˾úÿģ
𡣡кЦ, ʮ겻, еЩ, ޷ء
Ը΢΢ͷ, ĿЦü, ˫ȫֻװһˡ
ơ
𣡡
ͬʱڣϱ˴Ҫ˵Ļ
˵Ц, ÿᡣ
ԸӭĿ⣬ûиȴƺࡣ
˵
ӦĻᣬųԸ, ûдֺߡ
Ըûж, еƽ໥ӳţڵĻŴ̹ǵı, Ժһ᲻ѩɽ
ԭ΢΢, ˵ȴȫ̧ͷߣɵɽϣú
ӳԸ˵һ仰ʼϡеЦʧѹʲôȴΪΣҲԸ
ûΪΡԸǺӲıʯ
ңӦ˵ϣӱûж
ҿͬһ𡣡˵о˵֮⡣
ɡԸĻֺԥС
Ҫȴѩɽһ·Ȼͬ뷨
ɳԸվģ¶ξģȴ͵͵۲ķӦͷģзϸܵۡ
Լǧܡ
Ը̾˿Щңɹϵ۸ӣǰ򵥡
㲻˵Ҫһֱѩɽ𣿡
ӦңҪɽ
ԸģָͬƴŹƻ̬֮
ױڳԸĻͬܿ췴Ӧ˹ԣӦˡ
Ը뵽ڴϾʱ̣׿ڳŵģһֱߡ
𣿡ǰһԸĶЩ
ʣԸȴѹƽ
Ȼûǣôܻأ
λ֮Уڻദļ䡣
˵һΡԸˣ΢΢߬Щ͵Ҳǵˣ˵һΡ
Ҫ˵
תǰƵĽŲͣ¡
ųԸıʣһ㡣
ڳԸҪü֮ʱ˵ҴӦѩɽ㡣
ⲢǳԸҪĴ𰸣ԶøӾ飬Ҫǵ顣
ƺԤϵ˵ĻԣûٸڵĻᡣ
صҡԸû˵ĻУҪٶͻơ
Ĭòűһ䣬Ҳġ
ۿЩ죬˵⻰ʱš
ԸӦ֪ģҡ
Ըһȴ۵ЩԼģԼԡ
ͬҲڿԼģ׵Ļ»ƲסҪ
Ը֪ԼʱûģҪȷˣҪֹסĻ
ϧǣԸһվƲסķչ
ûĻԼҪ˵ģԭڽգҪ߳ԸģҪ֮ĹϵǱ˴һ֡
ɳԸȴһļƻҪϵ
㣬ζЭ
ڴ֮޷̸ףԲ֪ԼԳԸ飬֪Ըֵ㡣
ԸڿķǣԲЭ
ⳡ棬Ըɢ
¼ţԸκٻصѩɽˣ൱û뿪ѩɽһΡ
żԸڻصʱվںԶɽȥѩɽǸɽӰ֪û
Ը֪ȡ֣ⲢǲûԵɵġ
һΣܹٳһЩʱ䣬룬ܹߵġ
׽٣ƾԼ߹Ȼܳ񣬳Ը֪ȲˣֻһӵסҪһۡ
ҪýһЩʮֵֻѹԼϡ
ԸԸԭ޷֮Ĺϵƶĸ̫ˣеĴйǵҹҹζĨȥģ޷ģȴֱġ
ѣԭһ·Ҳǲ׵ġ
Ƴ·ϵı̫ˣൽԸ޷Ԥһ̻ᷢʲô
ûа취ˣһΪûжİƴΪļ䡣
ǼΪģһٽƷ߶Դʱʱ̸̿ţԸܷġ
Ǵһʱܻ޿ɱģԸԶܲĿһδԽ硣
ֱҪ֮ʱòֹιϵļչ
ӦðΪ˾ΪҪܾģǳԸһνӽ·
Ը֪ΪǷãϣǿԵģζҪһԡ
ʧˣٰƻѩɽϣЩӰ֮˲ѰѩɽΧ°ƣὫƱǿͻƵĵز
ȴһһξܾ̬ȺܼζԸ
Ըѩɽҹҹٲѩɽһ
ֱٴϮһգԸٶȻصѩɽۿһ£ܲ˳˹ȥǰڻС
Ƥʹǰһһڲţ§ס
ͬڳԸʱ˵ĻУܵ˳ԸĲоɢ
ںҵġ
Щʣвζ̫ԡ
ƣԸˣ⻰Щһ㡣
Ҫߣһţƭҡ˵ҪԶѩɽġ
ڲţļЩʪˣûꡣ
ҪĳԸοһˣȴԼȻܴԸˡ
㱼䣬Ը⧲ߣԭɢ֮˻ͷϳԸĶͷľӡ
˻ԸӵۣȴЦ˵ǣƭ㡣
ԸҪ˵ɺʹȴֹĻĸо̫ˣ̫Ϣ
סûһָĶڲ
ƭ㡣˵ţŵǼٵģôڴϴӦĻ
ֱ󣬡Ҫҡ
ΪǸƭӡ
ԸĻһ˿գʧȥ֧ŵŹԹڵϣĴ룬׽ٻδɢȥͷۡ
Ǹƭӣƭ˵һֱԼԶѩɽ
ɳԸҲǸƭӣƭ˵֮Ĺϵ
뵽ȻĻ˵²Ȼٶ򶥷壬վԼߡ
ûʳԣȷ ûٶˣ֮٣䣬Ƕһ޶Ĵڡ


128 
ʧ, 䡣
ǰԶҲץסĹ㣬ÿһƴĹָߣζܹס
ҹ, ԸԼѩɽˮ֮, ֱǰ޹, ĵҲһ㱻ڲ
ˣٲκ﷢ܣԼҲһš
ݵȥһδͼıδ, Զûǰס
Ե, Ը߹˶ʮ, ûаڵ̫, һʼԼѩɽѰ, Ľȴ
ӦԸʱԸš
ɹǰһУЩǲħĻһжǼٵġ
ǧ궼ûֹ, Ȼ׳ˡ
ϲûгܾãһδʧʾǰÿһζУǿиı, ֮, еԻᷴϡ
һΣûѡȥơ
ȴӰٵĹ, һᴥİơ
ȴƺһЦһߵôԶδ, ۼ֤˰Ƶ䡣
Ӱ١
һеһУһûδ·
ܹٿʩչһ̣һʱҪݵʮǰֻҪֹһѣһжᷢ
İƲᶯҪ۵ǻǰű˴ˡ
ϧǣ뷨վûʵ֡
Ը޷ݵƶ֮ǰͬڸıĹ켣ıģܲ֡
Ը֪ԼٸˣڳڰУʼһĨĳ֣ҪץסǸкЦŮӡ
֮٣ԸȴΪ˽һһθıǲ˵Ѷ
˼ԭؿ֮ͬʱƹܲػ֮
ƹؼ֮
볤ԸͬǣԵʼ֪
һֻһƹ֮ɢ֮ǿסһⲿʶֻΪάϵ֮Ĵڣػⷽء
Ըζô˵תȥ󣬵ǲģܵǸɺԶɣϿֵĹͬģҲʧȥһ
һλᣬٲɹȻ޷֧һλصȥ
ŰٶȽΪ֮һй»ʱ򣬰һˡ
һΣԸΪһ壬ڰںõУеÿһ߹ġ
ְںǰߵ·֡
ǰģסĽȫж
Ը֪жˣǰԶǺڰ޹ġ
ÿһգԸܻ뵽һۿŰŵĻ棬Ǹһڰ޹ĵطƵôãһֱŵŸȥ
밢ƳŵĿʹ
԰ʱΪܳôʱ䣬ȴҡ
ҲƣԸһģ̤䶼ҲĻܱ֤Լʲô
ٲнЩ£ҲٲԸĴڡ
ԸڰЦţûһ˿ϣڣ˶뵽ƬڰУӶס޷Ķ
ҲãԸޱߵĺڰǰȥİɫӰ
һ׵εñͷϼסˡ
ߵýˣܿϴһߣߺͳԸЩͬȫĴ֮ɫûжЦΨһɫͼ
߳Ըִļиֱܵ׶壬·һжĻۣǰĶߡ
ǣԸЦʱйûйȴ޷˽ӽ
ʼնİˣҵܾˡ
ңЦţĻһӵɤŮӡ
ӵŮӶȻżòģŮȴһûٵߣϻһÿӡ
ԸϵңǰͣڳԸǰֻһС
֪Ϊ㲻Ҳ֪𣿡ԸȴǰŮӡ
潣ŮΪ츳Ϊµȣڽڽ֮ʱΪδ𵤡
Ըһһûͣ˵꣬ȴ߶ס˺
ŮӵȾ˶ݵ㿴ҵļ䣿
ΡԸ
ȵľһ̣һѺעڴʱҪıߵΪΣδѵ޹򣬾ΪˣһҪŪס
סӵֽЩԸȴӭŰɫ˵һ仰㰡
Ϣʹ޷Ըܿȳȴ˵ţˡˣԭ㡭
ʲôԭң
ڰһվڳԸİŮͽִ˳Ը壬߹ǡ
ƺˣųԸѪһŪ϶Ⱦ˺ͣ¶޺޵ʲôˣƾʲô˵ԭҡ
Ըüͷû壬е۱Ƥ֮࣬ʵ㲻ʲô
濴Ȼǰߣڹȥκһ죬Ը뵽ҵʱȻܹЦģ֣һһֿɡ
죡ŮһڳԸ˿ڣѪ⽫ĴŪࡣ
Ըãֻܸ˺ۣȥǰĥһֶ١
Ҫ㡣һƹ˰벽İŮӣһĶħǻǲһģ֪ҵʲô𣿡
ԶȲִʥŮԶˡԸƵðŮӳĬһ
δػԶҲ
ҵôҪˣŮȾѪָڳԸĿڵλãҪҸ𣿡
Ҫˣˡ
ѾĻŪɥȮģȵҪˣ
һƽԸǰָƳԸؿڣƤ֮С
𣿡ջȾѪָ⣬ԸߣǵȷһûôЦ
ȥΪֻһ񣬾δɹĴڡŮЦţ̾˺ôһȦӰ
ҲǶ֮ˣԸˣӦһѰɣ
û볤Ը˼˴סԸΪסʮƵԳԸȱȫ
ԾûС
Ǻôһ尡κһ˶뵽Ӱٶڰٿһ֮˾ȻһϵĹ
һԸеһеȷǿЦ
ڣʤˣȻﻹյ㣬ɰվǰڳ·ߵλϣЩȫָ
˵һ㣬ͰȻûпˣԸھһûҪɥȮΣֻҪƽˡ
ֻҪƽΪҪεȴ۶С
Ҫ¿ʼ¶˾ģһĳ͵ģѡ񵽴˳ܵġ
ͶͲǳԸµĽ֡


129 
ǰŪ, 󵹷ţֱһŲƵµĳУǧÿһܻ֡ᶨϡ
µһжģ谵, ˵, ʧȥ̫, Ȼˡ
ԸҪ̧֣ȥһԼһںڰ̫ã֪ԼǷио۾, Ļܿ
󱻽, ס˻湻ϸ, ÿһָûзŹ

ԸδЩ̫С, , Ҳ
Ҫ˵ǣûˣ˽⿪סЩԸ뵽ԼڵǱģ
ʵҲ, ûܹҵɢһ¡
ȥҲãһ, һδͼıδ, ´ԸȥҲ̫
, ãİƲˡ
, ȴ۵ҪϢˣޱߺڰĥۡ
ֻصǽԼζУʱһδαԼƣȴÿһһ붼
£ҪԶʱŷ֣ԼĿʹʲôʵʵڵĿ־ʲô㡣
Ը֪Լ̰ĵģʱﶼһǾò
ڣǱģˣǺ뿴һۣһ۾ͺá
ѽʲô
žĽŲԶ˻δȴ˱ڴ˴ĳԸС
ڰģг˴֮ɫͣڳԸǰ
עӣ˲ʡԸ̧Űˣ̾ţЦš
עǰˣֻڰķÿ͵ʱ֪ԭԼţûȫš
ƺϲںڰеڸУǹֳࡢڳԸĸЦš
ָͣڳԸȻϵƤ֮ϣԸʱô޷Ŵ󣬾ǲ֮С
Ĺţ˽ָ»һ֣ƺĹͷϡ
Ըǲ۵ģȴڴʱĹͷսš
Ȼһ룬ָݺݴ
ϵƺ̫á߲ŪϿĹͷϧôܽҵ
ԸΪûжƽھĥ˲Լһ㡣
˵ļ俪ʼŮ˱Ҫÿʱʽĥ
߹ǣ߹ǵһεʱ⴩ȻƤ⣬ظ
ҿԸǲ˺Զ
Ը̧ͬΪҲЩʲô
Ůһ鴿׵Ʋֳָǿɲ̫Զˡ
´ųԸɣ⸱͸ˡ
Ըţεסײ
޷ˣסȴɸýЩ
𣬳ԸҧѪ˻ȥ
ٷһ̣㲻ͼŭҡ
ӲѰ
ֻ֣Ǳʮİա
Ȼչ켣صλӴûκһܹв
һյĻĮ֮УһΧ£˵Ĺ»ǰߣȴѷƫԭ켣
˼̰֮󽲳ԸĹ£֣⽫Լ¶в֮У˴˴
ȻӰٴʼնڴ⣬㽫Լ͵ЩǰͶ
Ҫȡа
Ըʧȥ̫ˣ㱻ȡٶȣȴֹĥЩ
񣬾͵ǰȷһܽ𣿡
ǰ¶Ůӣƺɻš
񣿡ŮȾ˺ãᡮǡһҿɲڰ޴ĳΡ
ħҲãҲãرЩġαʿǵԶġ
˵ҪɣҪ񣬳أ
ǵ࣬Զ㲻ˡ
Ǵνʱ֪𣿡
ԸĬô᲻ףҪĿ¡
ŮƺҲûóԸش˼Թ˵ҿûǷйȥЩ˵뵱޵׶ǵˡ
ıô꣬Ϊľֻһ򵥲ˡŮִʱĺã˼֡
Ȿһúȴ쳣˾ëȻָǣ˵Щ˶ΪµΪҵء
𲻻ʲôܻ˰ɣЦţָЩǱֻһССģСɫˡ
Ҫǳ޾ɱ¾ȴֻˣûдɣ
ԸĿ֮ϣ͸ЩƺһС
ÿһʾܾ𣬷޵ţ¸صǰǶڽСʿǶѡ˱·
ֻΪһ£㽫ֲÿһ˾ϸһУûһʧܵġԸţûаֱ͡
Ը룬һޱµһľϸҲߵһ
һ޶۵ͨ˲µ֣ȴľΣ޻ڣûݣӵһʼ̽䡣
ڰг˵ڶӰͬһ£źߵǣߵŮߣǳԸϤĻ
Ůһߣֱ۲ϻƶһ¶Էϵߡ
ҵʺϵ˵ţŮȡߣһժ˶Է֡
ųԸ˳Ըģ
ԭһźÿܾǰԸȴЩ֣ԭӣϸĻȴ־ûһ
һŴ׵ߣʲôûС
ֻǣⳡģˡ
䣬ԭûбĨֻȵЦ⣬ǲŮ¶ںڰеľ
˳§ס˻ڻеŮˣŪˣҿɲ
Ůһԥûи˲ڲϵذתȦҪϻȥƲ㿪Щࡣ
˭
˭¿ϣЦ˵ıҲûǵˡ
ָָԶĺڰŮȥһӰ·ķʽ뷽Żģһ޶ھ˲ԶվЦŵȴħΤ
Ůʶԣ͵˿
ǰˣǣ
վΤЦţֻǷЦȴЩͬŮִҪ֪ĻҾǰˡ
ǣ˦гޣûиΤɫϲΤĶȤζȴԼںڰеŮ
֫ĴУֱ񵽼¡
Τߵ뻨Щһһֵǣ֪ڲ𣿡
ŲһΤԶЩЦ˵ҵĵȻҿҪأ
Ůǰĳ沢û̫ңĿ䵽޷ĳԸϣơ
ΤĿڳԸ´һͣڳԸ˿ϣɫ࣬ǵЦЩ
ƶĿ⿴Ůȴ˵ţʦ𰡣


130 Ǳ
, ˣͣڵסǰΤϣԸ
ҲʦҪΪʬ𣿡Τٳħ, ͷҲû, 䵭дŲ͹ڿЦ
һûϢ, ꡭħħĻֽħѹסнǺİ
ԸŴҪȴͣסͷ
̧ΤıӰ, ɬ
仹ҪǰŪһЩ, ͣħսǼ, սͣ, Ȼǰ
һʧȥۼƵô, һϤֵζԸ̸͵ħ
ħħΤħ֮λħ֮ս, ȴӲ¶棬Ϊغսһħ
ƹħħսûͣЪֱǧ, Τʧ, ħһΪĿʬ
ΤȥľܾԸûѰ
һ, Τһμ
ʱΤħ, д壬ڴ֮ϡ
һѽ̴ŵʹԶֹڴˣ֮ǼΪ񶾵ģʮߵؿڣĸѪš
Ըıһ棬ЩħΤʧһдԽԼ٣Ĺ£һħǧϡ
ΤԸΣԸ֪
ǵǵһμĳħڿտϣҹЪĳ̵֮Щۡ
ڳԸ˵ڶ˴ȻվΤǰɽס
űΣգԸһܹıδˣΤ
ûҪΤߵ뷨
ӦΤǰҵԷһʼҪĿѡ
밢ҲĹϵԼصɸı˳Ը뷨
ΤŹȥļ䣬ֻҪ룬ЩҪѰ֮˺ҵټ
ԸΤİȫ¾ڣסĲ
ԣһ֮¶˾ģҪΤڣѩɽ
ΤµмΪҪһħȻһˣҲһҪɼƻ֮
ɳԸҲû滮ǰ·ƫһȻ˼ִ˵ϡ
鰮ʱԸڷ¥νİظ裬ǰ¡
ĽĿЩϲŲӼ˹µν鰮Ĺ¡
ƾ磬д黰Ʈɵдŵʫ
󣬽Ŀ⾡ʢϣأ˲е˼
֪ϦѺʦ֮ĹϵܿϦhϦѩɫBɬ⡭
ƫƫֱڽ췣ʱһ̣ſΤûв˼
ΪʧɧҲСʱһסһףͷһ۱ɧңȴתתסף¼ƻң̲סҪȥסơ
Ըޱߵ˼֮Уǰԭŵȴһ
ΤĽֵңõýһߣÿһζǡô˦ıӣû˵ŮȴüβŻȥòᡣ
ڻã͵Τڽľ룬Цǲýͺúվһߣغʦ
Τɲ׺ǵӣ˿ҲŶ趯Ľٶȸ죬ΣһĽӰ
Τͻﶼһͬ㣬ǾǺݡ
򲻹ԼֵˣҲҪӶԷ˺һ
֮ΤߣǹѪִ΢ҲȾ˵ĺ죬ƿһۻУϡ
סΤ񣬾֪ԼǶ֣ӭȥ
ΤûۿŻȥ˼˽Уӭȥ
ŮʲôСɫܲڰʮã־ͨа֮ܶԸġ
ܿ죬ǱŮѹŴ
ﻹãǵĿŮ֣Τȴ꣬Ůһ˺Զ󱳺ݺײڳԸߵǽϣڵء
Ըֻ⿴ҪҪվˡ
˵ʵŮĶ֣ԸҪǣȴûа취
鼱»һֵŮǰ
ΤʱʵǱ̫࣬Ը˵ߣΤҪܾ
ȴû뵽ΤĻͷһתЦʦҪҿȻԡ
ȳԸӦնϽԸȫûκģʧȥ֧ŵĳԸ͵»ϥǺݺڵϡ
ۻδϣĵóԸð亹ʹƺҧǰӰΤ֪ʱǰ
ﻹһŮţΤȴľӸ¿ųԸûзڵ˵˼ʦҪ󡣡
˵ţӲЩӣ俴վԶߡ
ɫдɵ°µƶǰ죬̧ȥȷϣƾһۣԸ֪˭
岻ɲţŶϿĹͷеƤ֮һ̶ʧˣʱǰᣬľŵģꡣ
ԸץסԼڵϵ°ڣʮָţָЩס
̧ͷ޲ҸطסʱǱ
ǲԸߣԭڵסΤһһԶԸȫ¶ߵ֮¡
ΤԸͷЪ˹ȴһ侲
ΤŲͣ£ڳԸΪʱ̧ǰȥУҪȥɱǸˡ
ԸҪһߣ뾡һܹİ취ɢȥ̫ˣߵһȫɢһиʵ֡
ֻǱģȫȫ¶֮˵Ŀ£С
Ը̧ͷҪһϣǱڵϵķʽ
뵽˰Ϊʧºѩɽ졣
ǲɢҪۼѩɽϵߣɽоֻʣˣԸȴ಻Ҷ࿴һۡ
ֻ˵갢ϲĺ£СԺУŰ
κһ˳ԸģκһŰܽܣʱ˽ֻҪһŰƣֻԼڡ
ǣΪʧİߵǰʱڶҡţƴѹƵļڱЩһδʧȥļԺֻͣתš
һӵסƣҧưƵĴ뵽Լ֮УԶʧȥ
ɳԸȴ㶯ֻܰԼںõǰ·Ű޲õĵ׹˰ɡ
Ҫеĵ׹ǰ˽ʱƾŽܶһ޲õĶȴðˣˡ
Ȱȥһ˱á


131 ˭ʤ
վŵλþ볤Ը˵Զ, ȴҲǺܽġ
ɷϵǣ˴ĵһۣĿ˱ΤڵסĳԸϡ
һƬ, ΤԸȫڵס, ǲڳԸϢ
ΤŲ, ȫ˳Ը򵽵ϵģ
ѪͳԸɫһȴԵĲ졣
˳ԸںڰĲԼζ̧ߡ
ʱͺ֮䶨һ㣬صһμʱԸûһǱ, վڶ˵, ݻ, ôñֺڰĵط
ųԸվ, ȴνڵϵģ, ʼվԭûж
ԸڻƾԼվˣǵͷõòӣ¸ƽ, ĲҲٴ
ûԥܾãԸ̧ͷӭߡ
ƣˡ
ƽγԸѩɽϵʱĿǡ
ÿüۼ京͵Ц, ڳԸϻֵ
ӭ, ȴ֪Ը˿ϵȫǼٵģһ۾ܿ
ѩɽ޵֮, ޹УյϨĻȴ, ΪıĮȻһ¶ȡ
һůӹɵģԳԸ
ס˳ԸԴǳЦĿ⣬ͷš
ȴʵ꣬һֱ
Ը˽ģϵЦ⣬
ǡǺش⣬һȫִֵߣһӦʵͨϢס꣬ʵЩЦ
ƫƫԣ俴һˡ
ǹȥһȥʳԸ
һʱߵԸߣɳԸˣĻУϤİο
һ߽Ըȴ΢΢ЩЦ˵ƣĪҪýˣࡣ
һֱҲܶһ£һ·þˣմѪŸֱӹڵϣʵ㲻ϸɾ
̫ɾ̫ĻȻմѪ
Уðƴ˿Լ̫ԸԼò׳վֻڰǰ£°ƷԽֹסز
˰벽ЦŵЩ΢𣿡
ǰͣ£ԸЩȥɫȴûдϿʲô
ĿֻͣȱЦ⣬ԸʲôԣֲµУ˺Ĵ̫࣬಻ʱЦ⡣
ϡܺůͣȴֲɡ
Ըӹݸɫ磬ͷԼðѣԥ
ԼȡģԸ֪磬Ĵʱǳġ
ҡ
ԸҪ˵ȴһùݸԸ磬˳ֹڶԷϡ
࣬ͰƮƮ˵ţȴΪϵð
Ըҡͷģӡ
˿һ̾Ӳӿ㣬ϡ
á
ԸսַЩ
һһСʱ䣬Τͻϡ
Ǳ͵вŮƴڣŵľһĺݾ
ȥǡһ仰⻽һɫǰסŮϮ˵ɱС
ûʹʮʮ˵ҪƷŮһָѧʽǰܵסԷϮκһʽ
𣬹ȻҴһʼûѡŮЦţߣܸܵԷķ
ʽԽ뻨˶Դʱͬһʼ㣬Τ˿һֶŲס
ȴܾ׼ס˵ÿһʽԤŮһҪ֮˴ѷ֡
ĽŮԭ˺ݺײԶǽϣ켫
ȴ֪һЦŴӵûûҪģ
˵ţһλĺߣɫӳһţ˿š
ŮеǿϢ
üŮźߣĳԸǰڴһ
ΤҲʶ˵ߡ
ŽǰΧ˵ߣ˻һȦʶ߿˵ô죿
ΧǵЩΪȻԽɽףǰʵΪ㣬Ӧס
ЩûǣŮǣţ˰Χ
Ը̫࣬ʱ䣬Ȼֻ˰񡣡̾ϢţĻȻܼʵҵԸ
Ըɫްվ˶ûע⵽ʱĿŮϡ
һ֣Ը𻹾Լʤ𣿡
ŮЦţ˵̫߿Լˣһʼ㲻֪ҪĲ𣡡
ϸű¶Ϊṩ£𶼽͵ǰˣܲܲҪ
ȻֻҪôܲ
˵ЦţƺǲⳤԸƺڳЦŶԷ˵ɵ̫أ
ԸǳͷβɵӣȻΪ¶Լһƽ󼪣׾򼸾Ҫ˵Ļ뱯ۡ
ҪԼȡĽ֡
ǿЦûмôЦˡ
ƴȫһһҪÿÿ̶ԷһҪֿ
һҪֿĻԸǰԾ
һҪлģ㣬Ҳ𡣡
Ļô¶أ
ԸݺҧסմѪζ޲ǰŮ˺顣
סڡ̧סŮԭ뺣ͬɫƺһĨɫ
˳ԸĲԣ΢΢ûԸĨһĺ졣
ҪѯʳԸȴ֮˵ѽԸǲ滰𣿡
˵˵棬ҳԼ޴
£Ůǳ׼ŭ˳Ը
ĪҪԡᳶס磬ͼԸ
ΪķˣԸĮ̹ǣ˵㻹ûʸΪʤߡ
Ż䣬Ըϵڽ뷽ŵȫͬ
ͣ¡ץסԸͼǿϳԸ
ûжϴԸ֣ĶƬԹƵĸɺ֮
ǱԸһ֣Ⱦ˶մԹһ֡
ơԸȾ˺죬ɾӣȴᶨҲܵǸߵģԲܡ
˭˵ǰˣڳԸƿֹĶϤͻȻ
ƺܽƺ˷
Ϧ̣
û˷ͣǰ´̽ĻŮϹǳЦ㳤ԸǰߣգĪʢҲǸӮ֮ˡ


132 
ҪĪʢĹ, ʱҪٴǰƣҪԽǳɵı磬ͣϦѡ뿪潣һꡣ
뿪, Աһ, С
һҪ׷ݵĻ, йһСӰϦ̲ûн潣ŵʸڴ˴Ϊҵţŵ, û
Ǹɽͷ, סһ߰С, Īʢ, СŮ
ԭ, 潣ŵС
޵ݣƽӹǰ·ҲȻġ
˭ûǣǧ, ֲƽӹֶ޷ʣһûͨҲãȴƫƫġ
潣ŵʮ»̥ĸ, Ƕʼõ, ܾ𾴵Ĵڣƫƫ, һʲŮ
ĪʢֱףԸԢ, ȴѹסһɽ볾֮С
һӣСԾסɽͷϣż߶ȴᱻκ˷
潣ŵʿǲȴбµ飬Īʢ뿪潣ţУû˻Ĵڡ
һ͸ˣվ̫£ܹԼڵϵӰӣʵʵĴţһжɴĿȴû˻ὫĿϡ
УĪʢǲעӵĴڡ
Ϧ̺Īʢ˵ûнӴֻǣ֮䣬಻йһ佻Ļ
ǴСڷ˵ľˣÿҹʱϦ̳˯žһ濴ҹո߹ҵǡ
ǵĴ̫ˣһ죬ǸҹؽɽͷȥС
һ󣬼ҹҲܿණ
Сŷ˶ƺˤʱĲˣǰѽͺأСһˣȫ
СϦ̲뵽ȥԼ꣬߻һչؤܾ谮СƺûʱԼ
ؤᱻע⵽أ˼ҿǲ˳ʱһ߿ǣһ٣ʱһٷǸһЩǮ
ɫڣһôڵĹȣûӰӵĺҹ䡣
Ϧ̳ҹɫ¿СؽɽҲã̤ҹɫһδλӽҲãȫ
ǴûԷ˵һ仰Ӷûй
Ϧ뿪潣ŵǰһ죬ؽɽͷĹǰ轣һΣؽûͣ٣ò࣬ȴһͣٶûС
һܹ꣬ʽͣСŽشϢ
ԭϦڷģȴڴʱתһӰ
Ϧ̵һС̧ͷ£һĻء
뿪һ죬ûУϦûһתͷ֪ҹǸԵɽСһԷʱȻҲĿ뿪
أ
ĪʢĿͻȻֵǰϦϣԭŵĻֹסͣ˽Ų
ԣϳϦ̡
Ҳ䡣ĪʢûͷûβϦ˵һ仰ǰؽ
Ϧִǰ͵ɡ
ٴǰŪĪӽǡ
ӶһֱסǸû˵ɽͷϣɽһСԺϡ
ÿտʱĵһۣıſڵ
ûмӻļԶųȻƵӣļתÿһ֣ժִӹ
û˻ݡ
ĳһͻȻɽͷˣĸĸǽɽͷˡ
֪жûиı䣬һˣ˿˱ȥժӣʹЩʱñˣܵһɽͷսЩ֮ͬУûõĽ䣬һ͸ˡ
ʱˣ֪ԼܻӭεΪ㲻ǿע⵽
Щѧѧϰֶ飬վ޷ˤˣ߹һһա
ɽǿŹɫģЩɫӲͬѧöˣĪʢҲ֪ġ
ûԸ㳣վ£һ˽Ż
СĴصģǴСֻһ˵Īʢɶ㲻ԡ
뿪
һգؽĪʢˤˣϥֱ۲ˣûκֳĶ뿪ʱû˶࿴һۡ
ؽɽǸǳߵŮޣȴûͣûѰκΰ
Īʢǰӻ½յļţȴڴʱ䡣
ӳ죬һÿŮӣǰֹסðѪε˿ڡ
˵ղܻεΪ
ǰЩǡܹӣ͵ֱߵġ
Сܳ뿪ܹ뿪ҲﲻСʲô
Īʢһע⵽Ϧ̵ߣ֪ģʱؽصɽͷ˸Īʢ͵͵վ辸ߴϦ̡
ĪʢϵϦ̣ҹɽǼϵŮޡ
֪ϦҪ뿪һ˽ȴһİ˵ֻܱף
ɽϦ̣Ӵ֮ͣĪʢϵߣֻһ
ĪʢǼģٶȣܻ궼⣬ȴ
Ϧ̿ڳʱĪʢΪŸɶף²ºۼ
ĸĸװ֪УǼûй̫ÿһμ棬õܶ൤ҩάòЩ鵤ٲ˹͡
Īʢ֪кãֻÿ䵽ʼߵʱԼݣȻܴȴܵõһӶ޷ӵеĶ
ЩлߣкõĶ͸Ը
ĪʢǲģȤУԶ벻潣ţ̤ܹע⵽Լĵؽ硣
ȴӲԸۿĸĸֻΨһԸĴڡ
ŶԷЩĪʢûκιϵֻ谲סɽϱá
֪Լͷһգ˱ĳȴû뵽һգ
в챦ൽң
ĪʢЩ˿Ϊ֮رȴ˴ɽаȵӡ
Щֻ潣ŵͨʿĪʢڣȥǴδһ˽ĿϹ
ɴʱȴЩп̰ǺڵĶ
вЩˣõУۿЩ˿ɽͷǿ°ߡ
Ӵ֮ԶʧļУҲûгֹ


133 
ĪʢǱȻ, ŰȴвѴڲΧ˵ˡ
һսΪңһ, ȴ
Ըվûѹֵ, , һʰ
ںվһǰ㲢ս
⴦ܽڵĵ¹¶˵֮¡
̫ܣ̰֮ȥ, ĺڰ
ƫƧĽ, ȦһȺ, Ը, ǾѰũȦڼȮѼ, ȴµʳһգϡ
Ϧ̵ĽĪʢǰ
һѽ˵ķƷ, ǰϦ뿪潣һѣɽʯһѡ
⺮Īʢ˫ֳŵ棬ؽֱ, ñ, ׵մʺ졣
ûа߸еıЦ, Цš
˽ͣ˶ƺܷһˡ
BŹֺÿ϶һ˺, վھԶۼҵλϣʼϣеȫȻ¶
Լҽвɫ͸¶ĵǣǰһվߣø첲һ㣬㣬㿴Ųãȥɡ
ƫͷվ˵ߣ֪Ӻ߱㳬ˣȥǴµ곤Ҫ̧ͷˡ
ˡ곣һģôˣһ䣬οƺ̾
һۿһĨȣȴЦǣҲҽ˭
ƶ졣ѵһĨЦ⣬ʶ֣ȴʶۡ
ֶһ£ϣŶԷһӵķɡ
㣿
£ֻǵ÷ʱҽѵˣ
ЦţȥʱĴ̫࣬ķȻҲǶġ
£Ժû˷ˡ
˵꣬Bڵλ߹ȥûǰ߼ȴ亰
Ųһ£ûлͷܳۼˡ
Bߺߵߣˣ
ǣ֣սˡ
BҪֳصͼʮָۣʣҪ𣿡
BԲûסЦۼҲҪĻҪ
Цţ濴ۣȻǵöûBŨҵЦˣϵ˿ѪʢĻΪ˺졣
վһⳡֵ˶վעߡ
ͳԸֱվϦ̵ߣһսֵڳ䶨
ϦhվԶĵطһڵӣһվǰˣBǰţû飬ǵһȡ㡢Ȼ
Īʢ֣ȡߣˮʪ
ϦŽûв̾ţ֪Ȳ
û˻뵽Ӱٲصͷ߾ȻһһȡߺݿΪ׵ĹüĿ㣬ǷЦţ۾ȴÿɽ峺ɽȪ
ȡߺڰʱʧֻһĹ
˶עĪʢעҪĹ
ͳԸͬˣԸĪʢģģĪʢ뵽Լʧȥʱ˹ѩɽóԼ࣬޲øŰȥ
ϵƺۣ궼Ĵ̹ǣȴһʧȥĿʹֲ
ʱʱĪʢһ㣬һˣͬǱ
ĪʢıһУһδػأۿŰһһǰȥǡʱȴֱӶԷǱģ
ԸʲôĿͬĪʢϣоﱯʹĻ
ҾȲԶȲˣ
ȺʿūȥУʶ꣬塣
ҲζҲ
ͲˣЩѪУлΪӴˣԶѰˣ
ҺֹһɱʹԼܣ

Ϧ̵Ľʼûƿ֣ǰ˰벽̾ţʵһʼ֪ɣ
еδһ
ĪʢͣЦȴһֱţʺɫ
ֻҪ˵һ仰û֪źδƺǻ䵽˹ȥûü˵һ䰮һû˵
ǰţƺҪץסǸ˼ĺӰֻҪץסˣʲôԲҪ
Ϧ˵ûĪʢ֪һ·ѡ񣬿ƫҪѡ
ʧҲûϵʧҲûйϵֻ׷һϣͼƴճǸӰ
ͳԸǲһģĪʢͲʧܣ˶ʮ֣Ҫô޾׷Ҫô
һ֣ԣһֽѡ
Ϧ̵ķĪʢĿڣ׼ȷ˵ĪʢץסĳݺײȥģϦ̵͸Լࡣ
ЦĽҿһ
Ϧ֪Īʢ仰Ƕ˵ģڳУֻĪʢĹˣȥûйҵĽ棬ӲΪС
Ϧ̻潣ŵʱǸ̤ɫɽС
սûаֶϦ̵ĽǼȵģץסжȥ
һΣͬˡϦ˵һ䣬Īʢȵɫ͵سѪ˳ų䡣
Īʢڵϣݹǣɢ
ٴ꣬һӵһ㣬ӴˣٲǵĹ¡
ӰйصĹ£һսС
ƣһսǳ֮ս
һСУֻһƹϦȴԽ˶ʮѣԽ׽٣Ϊµƹ֮
֮Ҫۿ𣬶Ϧ˳ԷͳԸΪ֮£ֵܹġ
Īʢ䣬оȴҪβ
˲ûܾͣãʼʰŲо֡
ԸվԭûжϦȻ뿪֮û˼Ǹˡ
֪ΪΣǸվһսۼ֤Īʢһҵ׷ѰͬҲڳĬš
ԸҪȥȴֲҹȥ͵͵Ŀλá
ǷĪʢջݹǣɢɳ֮أһй½ĵط
֪ûע⵽Լߣ಻ҿȥʡ
ԸõСˣǰģǻǰվ밢ԶϦ̸м䣬಻Ѷϵȥ
᲻˼ȥӵסƣסϸϣŰϲһС
ԸϵڳԸԼ˼ʱͻȻڡ
иյ΢Ļƣдǵա
ԸûᷢڲţźƷֱдףԸдףԸȴֲڵǡ
Щ£صܣ޷Լ˺ʵһ̣ϣԶҪܡ
ģȴһѵڷţҪЩͱԸܡ


134 ƴ
ơԸԼĮȻش, ûвû
ֵþ統ѩɽĮȻնϺʱɸ߿ղͣѩ, һѻ, ƽ, ȴǼģ
ԸǰյϤĵƣ뵽˵һСдףԸĳ
͸Ǹ׹һļѪֳһС, ڰ, ȴҪŰ, 滹˽ġ
ػ, Ըľ, δζΥȥ֮θǴһ˻άϵΥȥǲ, һʼԸͱˡ
еļ䶼׸ǰһδεµĳͰصļ䣬Ҫ, Ҫֽӡ
, ȴҪš
Ըͨѩɽȥޱߺ·Լ뵽ޱߺС
Ҫù°һ, ĵ·ȥһεػ, صǰħսʼ֮˵ʱħףֽƵ֪Ĺȥ
Ըһķ֪Լߵȥһȴѡħ״ս
û֪Τʵħ׵ĺڳԸ߹Щδħ״Ͳ紫˵ǰģԼļľΪ˵
һбʵĳ֣䣬һʼ˽ס
ѩɽǰĴսѩӴûмϹԵ޹ʡ
ԸһսһһԳ֤ҵĴ˵
Ҫ·ƾȻӰԺУȻԸǳԸԵҪԽ·ϡ
նϺߣǳԸһʼҪȥġ
ŤתȥĴ̫ˣǣƵǹȥһֱţԽԽǿ֮ʱȻĴڣж
ԸķΪˣһҪ
ң߶ǵӰ컹򵥣԰ƵִԽԽػأǣŰƣһ죬ΪƳ·ϵ谭
ҲҪϣҪ˶ϡ
ɳԸǲģԼһ䣬ʾԼҪ밢Ʊ־룬ͻẦԷȴǸ׹ȴŽ佻Ƶһ졣
ԳԸȥƣһӦĸ飬ֻţνԼ
Ը˹䣬Զ֮ؽӡЩļ䲻ʱʱ̶̿ڷţƴţƵÿһۣͬ˵ÿһ仰ǸÿһְߵϢڻЩ䡣
ʱйһУƴܣڱ¶ע£Ҫֹȥ
ÿʱԸյĴۣ֮УץסɢΪİƣΨۣһжģʧȥˡ
ھгףȴ밢һ
ѩɽ겻ͣѩúôʱʱ̿ƴŵļ䣬ҲƲסʱԸҪƲסʱգµĴѩҲܸһС
û֪ѩɽŵѩһĽİ⣬ÿһαҵķѩ֤޷Ƶıʹ밮⡣
ߴͲնϵģ㹻ȫųԸԶĳŵԶ룬ȴԸԸޱߵʱԵԣߣһʼǵ޽⡣
ԶնߣԸȴǣǵĺϡ
Ը̳йĸ󣬿һδߵ֧ߵûˡ
ҪͬԴİնϺߣ֮⣬ѡ
꣬˰գڵߵķѩһձһմ󣬳Ըֽ⿪ģڰƵİ⣬йذƵļ䣬޲ӵסƵ
飬ȴֽȥԼ͵ǰȥҲãҲãҪԸֵġķʽȥŰơ
Ҫ֪ʵԸԶڰ
ԸĮȻһ֮䱾ͲȵգĬţĿڳԸƽ޲ϣѩɽѰģΪλ
ʵЩ֪ʵģ뺣ԸĵƣԭҪ͵ԸߵģǺеȻü縺ףԸΡ
һͬͳĻƣⶫڳԸУ
ԸԸͣƫƫˣξܾİ⣬ȴְؽƲﲻһ
ĬֵҪĻǳںУαҪռ
ĻͲˡ
ڳԸǰóյƣֱӳԸ۾ʵ߿ţð𣿡
ԸŵȻһͣʻߣУһη۱ѹ£㲻
һرߣĮȻ̬ȣȴǡ
ģԸôῴǷųĵƳںأ
ҪۿдԸĻɢԶУԸģںҪɢ֮ʱӺһͬʱ˭˵޹С
ûһ죬԰ʱصĶ
ţ
ڵųԸ˵ɳԸȴû˵˱⡣
ƣ˵ֻҪһͬµԸҶռԸ˵ţһ֣ǰĻкܶ࣬Щȫǹȥ뺣еĵյֽܳ˷ŵƣൽǶ١
ԸͼùȥŵԽͣڸռƵ࣬ȴױŪ
Ϧ̵ķ˼˺ܾãͼҳԸԭΪ˽Щ飬ӦȻǡ
ԭ򣬽֪һйԵƴһȴǾòԣڳԸĹУʼ͸¶һ˿Ծ
ųԸڸ̨֮ϣΤߣһͬĿֱָʱ޶Υ͸иأƺҪץ˿
ԣѩɽʻʢţˮ棬ѧųԸģԼУԴͼץסӶ뷨е࣬ȴѰ˳Ըˮ׵ܡ
㹻飬ˣΪνдԸĻƷ޷̤֮أǳԸֿɼĵط
ǰⲻԸȥ볤ԸΤ֮䵽ײʲôܣΪΤǰصѹƣнҪļ
ǽЩйسԸ鶼ĳһ䣬ȥ룬ܻҵ˿
ԸڲһӾ޴ܣΤͬģ仹б֪Ǳԭ򣬿֪
Ѿ޴̽顣
Լһ£еһУ볤Ըйء


135 
ɢڵĹⲻ, ͳԸ֮䣬Ƹ˵ʱζ, ڽǵĹȥ, ΢, ֻڲܡ
ʳеɻ㹻̹ÿ󲻽⣬ȴû̫
ΪеģŰһͷ, дŵº, , һ˶ɴ
ڳԸ˵, ȴһ׻ش⡣
Է, ̽صܣȴ־Ҹ
˵ףⲻԴڳԸĵĿ־壬лŸԵ, ˵ܼ򵥣ɳԸȴζ˵ڡ
̹ģɲ֪һտʼԸ̹ȴʧ, ȥҪ̫, һнйأ޿ɱ˺, ֣޷˵ڡ
ԸٲǸ޼ɵ̹һе, ʱǰеĹУʧȥʸ
ҡӣȥÿһܾƵĻǼٵģԸ˵ƭƵκһ仰ȴ˵ܡ
ԸָоĲˣڲѪеĹͷڻζš
˵ģĲ˵
ʱԭվԶΤ˹ԸߣҪȥǣԸ֣ȴ㿪
Τеƺһ˲ְܿڳŵЦҲûҪǿԸ˼
ֻǣ˵Ļζʵԡ
ʦģû䣬ʦԶҲģɣ
ǹ˵ģ⻰ڴȴǹԸĿ
Ƕμȥ̫ãӲȥ룬֪߶ڱܻ⣬Τ˵˹ȥ
ʵѾȥܾˣõʱٻ̫ܼǵϢˡ
ˣȴһҲͻ
ԸΤ˵⻰һͰͷ͵ˡ
޲ڴ˿̽ԼӰУκ˷֣ʱǺֱ顣
һ֣Ըܲ
Զ޷ǰٰԼĿ⣬İ⵽ʧʹٱ̳Ĭѹֺͻ֤˰Ʒ̡
̣Ƶġ
ΤŲݵ˼˵ڴľһ̵ķ
һ˽ᣬҺܸлԸʦҲҪͬʦħˡЦţ˵ҼǵͰ½ϵܺãηֿȻȥɣ
Ը͵سסΤסڣ
Ķȴ죬һƾΤؿڡ
ΤûжĻᣬһưպȣȴû飬ӿеѪ˳ΤĴ¡
ڿţȴЦ˵Ŷˣò˰ɡ
Щȴûٶ֣㲻ؼŭҡ
һƷΪ͵㻹Сµǧħծ
ΤԭΪ֮һƿͨȴΪϵ룬̵䵽֮¡
ûг׷ϵΤ֮ѿԽ˵Ƕʮߵ׽٣˭ûаȥߵڶ顣
ΤȥҽħΪѣûħΣܵ治Ϊѡ
Τħħҵ£ȥֻծ
ծ𣿡ΤСţ˼һ˲ֵɱЩ𣿡
ֹǧħħ
޿ɱ粵ʱɵ֮٣µɱֹ㡣
˵ˡԸסΤ֣Ǹûħˡ
ûȥûлشʳǸ⡣
ΤڳԸǣס֣ʱͣ˻жȥǿվڳԸϣͷϳԸߡ
ãǻȥ˳Ըҧˡǡʡ
ʱǴˣΤẈ̂һ㶼ǡ
Ȼ˳ԸΤĶԻתҪ뿪ǰֵԸشҡ
Τ˵ǰ򵥣Ѱ˳Ըĵյ
ͼһ˿ʱΤҵҪæһȳԸ
ȷΤģͬʱҲһҪѰҵԸԵɡ
ɳԸȴԸ˵ûͣ½ŲִҪΤȥƣҵһ㣬Ȳˣֵ˵
˵ɣߵøǾûٻͷ
ʵϣͣ಻һͷ»ͷˣ˵ࡣ
ʵԸб˭Ҫûκ˱˽ˡ
˵һУƶȻԭƻķѺܳһʱȥţһеһС
ƻԸһι£Ըûбѹԣһֱ׷ţͼȥŵԡ
Ͱƻδ
ɲһˣߵһȫȻһˡ
йǸĲ̹ԺųԸһ񰡣һҪȴδΪ˽ѡתʱ䣬
У̫̫ˣ˫֡塢µĹ̫࣬һ೾İ֮һԸʶҹվǰأ
ԣԸҪߣҪ밢Ƶߡ
һΣĸԸΤ׼õС
Ըʧȥɣʧȥһ̣ѾʧȥһС
ûаߵĻȥﶼһﶼû
Τסȥ·ǳԸԼ
ʦĲ𣿡ΤվڳԸǰһӣõþ糤ԸѩɽǼԷһ޶ȴֱݴࡣ
ǵڼμѪԸЩ̫ǵˡ
ǰ֪Τĺݣ֪Լ飬ȴ֪ﾹȻ衣
ΤڲͣѪһһذףݺԼֱ۵Ѫ⣬ȴЦҪ˵ֱ۵ݵԸǰһţĲ𣿡
ԸˣнһذףΨһѩɽݲͬط
֪ΤʲôʱʼƫִģڼЩ꣬װĳɷڣΤ
ΣûΤԲеذףۿΤĶĮȻ𣿡
վһذ׵Τǰһ⣬Щذ϶ź졣
ףһжĿģǶǼٵġ
ΤȴԸĻһʱúذ׵ֲţȫһս
ⲻǺԸķϣǷŭ
ǣ
ԸųԸһһ䣬ķǡСų
ЩӶҪԸ⣬ҪͼŭԸÿһ仰ԸĿ
ÿһΣͼŭԸòӦԸ಻οʱذӽ䣬⣬Τʤ


136 
һβͬ, ԸƺڱŭˣڷԼ
ΤΪڴ˳Ը, ԸԸⷴˡ
ԸΤĻͣһ˲, ֱ̼ʹ, һΣȴΤƵĻ
˵ûԸӦ
ΤΪԸĳ϶ϲֻĻȴΤġ
ҵȷСų˽飬ͬ˵һ, Ҳ̹, ʲôҸ
Ը, һڿήĻ, , ʧȥɫʡ
ڶ˺УԤϵ˺ȴ˺ĺ
δԤϵ˺˲ء
, ҹƵķ䣬ǶڰһΪһӰ, ɰȴˡ
Ը᲻ᰢǹ, Ŀ, ɵĶ˫Ϥģɫʱ, ˫۾йڳԸУš
£ļһ֡
ΤɲԸ˵ЩйصĻ˳ԸѰյģϽס˳ԸҪ˵ĻԸҲ˵Щ
ذףƽԸҪең
д࣬ƾڳԸĶߡ
ԸûбΤƵˣӭΤߣĮȻش𣺡ֻйصġ
ΤԸĹﲻֵڶˡ
ΤûܱƽԸǰͣˣھ볤Ըλá
Ҳš϶
Ļͱˣ֪ӿʼҾãĸԸġ
͵𣿡Τҧ˵⻰ġ
ֱųԸƱҪץסԸһ
ɳԸȴֻ̾ҡͷΪ
ΤסڳԸɫУҲһ
ǼһգҪΪͽҪһѩɽ㶼Ӧˡ
Τ˵ţͼԸصԷһա
Ǹδĥܡ޷ĶײһŮӡ
󣬼һ̿ʼ
ħտȨߵλϣʮ壬ڴ˴
ЩӺȴѱ˴͸ʬ壬һŮվλá
ΤԳԸ˵ûȤҪȥġ
ҲãѰʱңһС
Ը˵ģĻԶĮȻɡ
ҪЩߵһұ㲻ˡ
ϵǣԸҵˣɷϣһΤģҪˣҪڳԸߣҪһʼվʤߵλϡ
Τûѡ֪һУ׳Ըĺʮа˷ֶǸ˿ģǲɱˡ
ҲãͼƻõҲգΤΪ˽Ըйͬܡ
ΪԸĺȫȻ٣³Ըϳһ֣ʤ
췣ҲòߡԸ˵
ͬΤ飬ԭԸ֪صٴλʱ䶨ȻᱻȴûȻأΤ߲·ӡΤἱٱ¶̽Ѱ¡
㡭㣬ѩɽأΤͱˣΪҪҹ侪ʱȥչңΪҪΪֻΪηҵһС
ԸҲжǼٵġ
ûаֱ˼
ԸȴֻƮƮΤһۣΡΡ
һ֣ȴ·ҪΤ޾Ԩ
Ӧ˵ɣСʱҪѩɽֻϦѺǴһ껨껨ˡԸţţҲܰ껨ʵҲֹģһ꣬ͬĵط
ԸΤӣֻ
ǡΤЦάֲסϵЦˡ
֪Ǽٵ׶شǲһģԸֱӻĻ룬һض
ǵֻһգǳԸȥϦѺǴҪĻѣһֵͬģʼվֻˡ
֪һУȴ̲סۡ
ΤˣԸȥӰűһմѪذס
Ը֪ԼᶴģֻΪΤϷݣһͽܵڰ·
ǰһģȴû뵽Τ˼ǳٶ۵ſ
Ҳǣϰ˽󲿷ֻһϣɴ˱̫£ߵֵزá
ϦhħãΤ١
ΤɫЩ԰ףϦh뵽˵ģϵΤ֮ϵΪѹȥãػδȫ
ȻϦhΤģ¡
ķҲûǰô㴵ħ򡣡
ȻΤǺܻӭϦhĵ
Ϧh޷磬ǡñԽˡ
ΤϦh˵ʱ£ʾȥ
hڵѧϦģѺ̽ǻڣȻοġ
Ϧhۼ⣬ĿΤ䣬ܳǿ˶Է˿ڵĲᵽѪζ
飬ϦhҲ࣬ûΤһ仰ģҵĸʦȻˡ
ΤȤάЦϦh뵽գԷεסȥ·˵Ҫһս
˶ǻģԼˡ
ԭϦѩ̼Ϧh뷨żɽ˵ɣҺ£
Ϧhҿ˿ûӣӰѳ൳ˣ̸̸ħ֮ˡ
ΤƳϦhһۣЦ̸
ջؾϦh˵뷨
ȻǡϦhۣûɵħ̸е뷨ǸѰ·ûʲô
Ȼб񣬡B۴С㽫º
ΤżѻȻ֪
ϦhóźɫӣǸġ
ȥΤЩ
볤Ը㡣ϦhͣΤ
ǵΪҪ͡Τⷭһ£ӣֱͳԸ
Щ̫ˣ飬޷Ըһϡ
ϦhBˣңڵˣӦ͡
ΤȤˣҺʦҪȥ𣿡
ͣȥϦhصŵ񲢲򵥣¡
ʱϦ𶼻ССʦ壬ϣȰԸͬȥ
ΤȴΪҪԼ£
ͲóԸ棬ôȥϦhмߡ
ԸʱΤʵȥԸǲ˵
˵ҪԸƵ·ߣҪԸԼѡߡ
ΤܿͷˣһȤ뷨һĿܡ
Ϧh£ֻתҪ뿪ˡ


137 
Ҫ뿪ˡ
뿪ָȥأ
Ը֪, ϢΪΤ˵ƭĻΤ, Ϧh, Ϧh˵ġ
ҽ, һΪʢĽ磬޵ĺţⲻʾŽϲ֣̫ƽȵ
˵ÿһ϶ЦŵģûǰĬѹֵķΧ
ԸμӵԹ, ҽ׵, ඼ȥΤһٽߡ
ʱ, Τһ, νâڱ
ǡλ, ֻҪһ̧ͷԸܿ
Ϊ˿һ, Ҫν뿪ָʲô
ֻǺܿϧʵܹһģļʱ, ̧ͷûˡ
λ˻δ, ϵĻͷţ֪ô, Ȼ˳Ը
ڳȱȥڽʿǽһݵλ, һ˻ͷȻ˸ҽ¡
곤Ըħ飬Ҳְ
˵߸̾ţȴ˽ӵϺͿˣǳԸ𣡡
ûûϺͿˣʱħʣڿ̫Ŀǳˡ
ϵø˵ĸʡ
ΤЦÿԸȴûش˺ʶȥȴǡߡ
Ǻ⣬ǰѲл˵
Ÿ»ܿ죬ڳԸ¼Ȼȴÿ˶Ƕι¡
ʳ󱲲֪˶ڳϣȻûôǡ
µҪϷɽá
ǣ⻰ͷƵǴ
ȿȡǺһ£³ĿȫƵ
һʱ佫ĿͶǴɫûƺЦߵϦͶĿ⡣
˴ǴģϦʱ̸۹Щ뻰йص£ʱϦ̵İʾҶ֪ҹ½úãӦ֪޵
һ˵һϦָ·ڴһϣҲҳһˣҽףǶϦӦҲΪЩСˣҵȶȻ򡣡
˲ɫƵϦǴϦ̵ҲûѣŻͷι¡
µûдϸֻ˳ԸĺǰԵǰ˵һ顣
ϦҲû˵ģ糤ԸΤǼٽһ㡣
϶ţ£ʱʱĿǻԶĳԸϡ
Ҫô˵곤ԸԵ
ͿʲôԵԵħѽؼ֤˵ġ
ô飬Ըһֱ͵͵
һħúܲԾء
ҾųԸʣǰ˽ʮǰĹ£ǿϧˣ

Ըվһι£˵Τǵȹϵ½òϦǰãòˣ͸ڴʱվ
ڳĬȴڽյһνĿͶ˳Ը
ûȥԸɸܵעӣ֣߬ؿ
̧ͷֻҪ̧ͷһܶߡ
һμΪעӣԸ̫ûоעˡ
ʱûΪͣȴ˶ע˵ĵǳԸȴ̧ͷûƿߡ
Ըˣһ۰Ƶģ̧ͷң¼ŵʱ⣬ôܡ
˶˵ĽʱԸ̧ͷ
ϵĿǴЦġ
Ըһ٣˵ķһֱرܣԵģûо쵽ư˷ѩɽµѩ̫࣬Ⱦˣġ
ֱڽһʱٲҽĿͶȥˣ¡
ĿܾòˣŵͬʱԸȴֲһ˿΢֮С
ĬͬʱƿߣɶЦŵһˣǺεʱܱȾϲ֡
ҹ١
¹ֻһĻȣȻһԲĺʱ
Ըһվջߡ
룬䲻һõԲҹȴһõӦա
ơԸЦţתˡ
ڲñ̬Լ⣬в̹Ȼȴֵû
š
ҹǲԼͬױ˴˻⴦
Ըڵ֪Ը
һģƺʱת仯վƶģبŲ䡣
ȥԱ˴˵֪޲ԵģʱȴˣˮеӳԶӰӣεˮƣˮҡڶζƺôһ̣һƽ棬һԶύӵƽϡ
ԸҪ֮ĳĬãȴû˵Ļ⣬õգϦhû
Ϧhеģ˵ϦhòôֿB˲ǣһΣԭĹ켣ϦhBûֵѵĵز
ڳѩ
ԸˣǱãţӦһ𡣡
˵ţϦhûѰϦѩ
ͷţǻкõδ
ǶϦѩϦhĹϵף˵δ
粻֪ʱˣǺܴöǵķ˿
ȴųԸĬĻܹµԸҪʲô
ȻҲκܹ˵Ļ󣬳ԸˣϦh˵Ҫ뿪
ֲҿˣ仰ҪϦh
Ը벻ͨν뿪ָʲôڴ˷ؼ䣬ǵҪԶƶˣܹκһ뿪ζʲô
ţҪġû
Ը򴽣ĴָԾʳָȥ
ƫͷڻζˮ棬ǣԺסƶˣٲ
̾ųԸ˵̧ͷ
ԸĿ⣬βȾ˺졣
ҲסƶˡߴӳԸ˵βŲ˵Ҫ뿪˷ء
Ըһµ˴Ľл̲סһۡ
ۣӿ£Ը֪
뿪ⷽأûĴڣȻţȴľֻǹˡ
Ըҧãȴ֪˵ɫ罫еĻұ¶ԣǸ𣿡
֮⣬Ը벻ˣοԼٰƻĹϵƴһ֮
ȴҡͷǡ
ջ˻һû᳤ԸȻϲ;˵ƶһ磬ҽˡ
һֻļɽеƣȴֻǶʮġ
ԸҪٽȥˡ
ȴûе㵽Ϊֹȥزס£ܽдϣǿհ׵ģǶһȴǡ
ˣǻºۼġ


138 
Ļ类˵, Я绺ԸΧ
ҹɫķ˿Ҳ, ʱƽĳ
ĿڳԸ, ŶԷر׵ɫ
ԸԾ˰벽, ܿ͸һеӣҪˡ
ƣҡ䣬ŬͼƿߣûҪƭġ
һ, Ըȥαװ, չ¶˲֪Ĵ
, , ελ, ¡
ųԸͶߣ˫ÿ۾ᣬһдֻ¶Լ
ԸֻǲҸ㣬֪ôͬ˵
Ϊһнʱеⶼӭж, ʵȴһУնһпܡ
Ը֣̯Լǰ˵ƿ, , ˫ϻմѪ
ģȵ, ·ȻɺԵѪֱȾ
ҹ·Ķɱ˱ҸһڣǱĮȻ, Ŀѣǽڳ̵ִߣͼһ
ŵĻһĪʢ
ȥƽıΪ֮ǵЩȴֱЩ
ôҹվڰߣô̹ȻĿ⿴ơ
ԣҪЩԲһ𣿡̫ʣƺڸǣӰҲ˱ɴ
ƺһ˿⣬ȴִһֳɣǴ˵ġ
Ҫһ
ԸԼȴд𰸣òһӵ׼
ȻûеõӦȴ׳ԸɵĴ𰸡
ǡЦΪԸĳĬѯԼһӣԸǵһж೤
೤Ը֪һʮ꣬ʮꡣ
Ը֪ûûһʮˡ
ҡԸᶼֹסˡ
Ҳ֪
֪ģԸ¾һ̿ʼ֪ˡ
˳ԸĻش˺ʵĴ̯֮䡣
˵ʧ̣ųԸеºͲ˱
Ը˵ˣ³Ҫܣ޿ɱ粵
̯ˣʧȥ˸֪һ͵ץס˳Ըֱۣǰһ
Ըûзǰбʧء
ļǰת䣬ƿ֮ϡ
ԸȫĻ
ƣ
֪ΪҪͻȻ㣬ȵĻδʳڣ㱻ס
Ը޷˵ˣסĴ
ûиԸӦĻᣬȴֲݾܾԸҲܾ
һԽ̫ʱǣԸһβǿƣǱỳеģ޿ӱܡ
ϢȫȻΧͼһжȾɫʡ
߬ųסԸ󣬽ȦڻУԸУøЩٲֿܷ
䣬Ժһչ
ɢǰǶμ䣬и࣬ڳԸһжԺתţǵĹ¡
ˣԸһߣһֱųԸ
ǣ֯ţûз϶ʵµģ³Ų󣬵ȲԸ
İԸҲǸô찡
ÿһζʧԼԸ޾ԨУþһ׷Ѱ
ʵԸѩɽǴΣµ˳Ըܣһ̣Ǻ˵ġ
ƴҪסԼˣ˳Ը޾ľŽҪʧȥ۵ġ
һоͺˣܹһΣ֪ԸͺãԶԶžͺá
һǵҧ˳ԸĴж˷ռĺݣһǽˣҲûɿ֡
ԸڴϢţʧ˿
밢ǵЩЩýܽǵĺһڳϢ
ɰ̫ˣǻԼ磬ȴԶгԸҪƫִռС
ƲǿƵռռһС
ƫƫʱڵõҪһֱҪġ
ſڻĲԸס½ǣš
߬ųԸڷЩתȥͼṴסԸָֻǣԸ㿪
ûǿȥסԸ֣ɳԸԼϣӲ
֪ԸڿޣȴûǰİοǹڳʱıǣҲǣ£οԸҪ
ԸסûкƺԼ״εţ𣿰ƣӦú۰ɡ
ȥͺʲôƷһ㣬½Ūˡ
ųԸӵ̾˵𣿡
Ըסˣɿ˻Ķʱпļ۾òӡ
ҡҡͷûʲô۵ġ
ԸӲţЦſƣҵҺܿġ
Ц߷ϣʣǹαװѹвᡣ
һ̣Ը¶˾ģͲͬһ磬ӳƿյĺԶཻĹȥܹӵȻˡ
δͼռõôƫӵôʱ䣬Ǹýˡ
ҲͬģԸ㲻𣿡
緽ҪǶǵһͲҪͬԸ˵ټġ
ͬ𡣡ԸЦţܾúܾõĹȥһǣסʱЦǰ㣬ټơ
ǣȴڲͣţЦֹֹס
ԸͼȥⲻβɣȴŪʪ䡣
̫ûˣͿޡ
Ϊߣ׵ǣžվǰİƣͻȻͻˡ
ǶԷǳԸԶţˡ
һӣֻΪһᡣ
ԸƣԲ𡣡
㿴ڵңûʸվˡ
һ볾Ѫ۵һһ۵
ﻹʸߣŪġ
Ĭֵ꣬˳ԸĿڣʣ治𣿡
йеȫȻһѹ£ֿ˳ԸĿڵλãһԶʧİ̺ۡ
Ȼʱֻأµ˿ȴٲʧһͼɱԼ
ûеȵԸĻشڳԸĿڵֱ߬ؿڵԼ
ҲǰأһһԸûǰȱԼûʸ񣬿ƫҪء
ץסԸַԼļλãԼģ㲻Ϊȱһ𣿡
ڸ㣬ȥġ
ԸһҪֳߣȴøصס
ңǸᣬһжõ񡣡ƽԸݣ˵Ϣٴνһ𣬵Ҫ뿪Ҫһͬ뿪й»δʼǰЩдˡ
ǿǰű˴˵Ĳȶ̼䣬ĲסԸӽȫǲԶնϡ
Ըߣܾ𣿡


139 Ϊᣩ
ϸ, Შһж鰲ãǶͿдۼĹ, µĿʼ
ƶ, Ϊõ۾, ˫Զ͸¶º͡
ͬǣȥ˫ӵҪÿһ䣬ƽȷָʱȴֻͣƬϡ
²ŵ, , ϰżȦ, ˳ǣŵĺȥ, һֱ׹, ڱúƿƽеĺ棬¡
ķɺƽ˻º͵, ûЯ
վںϵŮͬźߣһȦһȦץסĺߣĿƽ, ûвӿĺ档
Ըͷ, ۾̫Źˮ棬, ͶӵС
ۺʱεأֻҪ, ԸĻشԶƫ
һգѹƽģÿһĿⶼԼϣԶܾܾġ
ٴסǣһΣ˭ûʸ˴ˡ
˷γԸ뿪ĻᣬԸѡ˷δǣ˭޷ķ֡
ԣ͸֮һЩԶ벻˴ˡ
ûģԸߣеһжڽŲԸûʸ
ǣס֣¸˺ܾãԽŤתʱ䣬ǻվ˱˴ԡ
ơ
Ըϰƽһлָʱҹûĥʱֳģº࣬ȥѩɽϤĳԸ
ʱܹıĶ̫࣬ڳԸ߹ʱģԶܹø࣬仯һõĽ
˳Ըߣǵһμǰ㣬ס˳Ը֣ųԸʱ״̬ƽϢˣ㰲ˡ
Ըͷһתʮָۣš
ӦҪͬ뿪չ󣬱ںУһĺܹǣԸѹ´յЩ
ʵ㲻ѹӰҲȫЩʧȥ˴ĳԸ˵
ɳԸȴܣ⣬ȴģȥЩѣҪȥ
Ըܾ˺һͬƶˣȥЩĻᡣ
˵һμ棬һõĳԸһܹ̹ȻĳԸ
ȻǶǹģɳԸǲϣǱģȥ
ϦּͳԸʱշסˣշתڸţ¸հᵽ⴦ס˼꣬˴ţӹõҲڡ
շѧô꣬ǲܹ
£Ըδ߽㿴ŨŨδɢȥ̣ʱһ̲˵Ů˳
ȿȿȣϦһǰŷ磬ײϡ
ʱͣ½Ųƽ㡢ԸҲ䷹
һ㲻˵ĵʹܾòû衣
ԸסϦеӣг˵ʳ˷ѿɳܣ㲻ǻշ𣿡
Ϧֽ˹ʲô˷ѣ
Ϧ̴Ͳһ˷ʳˡ彫Ӱϣõĵڶˣһƺһ㡣
̨̫ãҪѧŲػһʱʧˡϦָŲˣֻǲÿζȻûġ
˵ԸϦ̣Ц
Ϧ̶һ£ɫ΢䣬ɫԾԣһ˽Լգ
Ϧ̼ʵģԸ
ǻϦǿЦţʵﰵԸ
෺Ц⣬Ǵ̲˾ðԸһЩ
Ըû뵽˵ģûüֹЦ㻻ϦϣҿҲǡ
ٷ˻³һ㣬ԸϦ̵˿ջӻ
һպʱһߵۣǶ
ϦſƲûǰշʱŪģԸŪһҳɾе׷ˡ
һԷ˵Цţƻص˹ȥʱ⡣
ʱ䲻Զͣһ̣Ը˴εΪ˸
ϰŵʳûˣϦ̶û¡
Ϧ̿ϣԱʱֵλߵͳԸǰԶûеģĿڷһ̾ҲãôãҪ뿪ˡ
ߵˣЦƽ㣬ǲõҡ
ȫȻкϦഥܣ֮⣬ȫ޳󣬺һ࿴һ޿صĹȥ
ҽддתת湻ˣһȻȥǡ
ԸӦúѧշ´μҿɲԿźȴûĲˡ
Ϧ̰ۣҿɲ㣬ܽԼŪһҡ
˭䣬Ŀͬմҳǻû١
һ뿪ǰ̣ء
һ𣬲֪ټǶá
ͳԸصһʣ޷ĨȥǸҪ̫࣬ȴֻѰϦһˣ䡣
ҹɫĽ٣ǿӳţ𣬵ҹա
ԸŪͼ̫ԣ˵ˡ
ΧСأʢ峺ɾˮˮǳԸ׼ģıѾãΪľһ̡
ѧȥ˾ŷ֣⿪ȥڵߵһҵģ궯ŵĺסС
峺ĳˮˮһ䵽еϣЩȴɢȥ⡣
ҪųԸϴģֻǽأ˭̲סˡ
ԸҪסһЩס˱ƵϣѹǸĴϣϢһ
Ը
鱧ųԸŻ˵Ϣʧ
Ըʱֻ裬룬޲ü塣
ϲĲ䣬ȥƣʱϴս᲻ԾԸø
ųԸʱһУᴭţرųԸŶԷÿһֶ
ˮУһ㱡ͼţˮ˵Ӱʡ
ˮͲƽˣţƮҡţˮ˵ģӳճ
ԸȻܾûݵʱˣӵȴҿһ̣̫á
ˮƽϢˣԸϣǼű˴ˣű˴ϻδƽϢȡ
𣿡Цţβţȴ
ȦסԸֱЩǱûмľø
ᣬʱĶȻ㹻ģԸϣӣҪȫ̱ˮС
Ը׳У³ܲסҲҪͣ¡
§˶Զġ
ģĳԸͬҲ٣ûͣ³ԸҪͣ£ǲܵġ
Ը뿪ͲͻȻ˵ģϳԸһ̿ʼйµĿʼҪʱһ׼
޹ʵעֻһĻҵʺǸ˲ǳԸ
Ըۼˣȫϡ
ʵһյƣΪ
Ըδƽص󣬳ԸֻҪƽ
ԸֻҪƽ
ѩɽ֣۰ڻڣԸԶǣǵÿһ˼¹£Ըÿÿ붼
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