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棺о֪ܵŮ˲ΪޣҰҲӭ

˻鲻ãǹˣõĸŮؼϤϡòŮҹ¶ʵݣǱεҶС㡪ε覡
ͬ§ſ޵滨εĺ壺Ҫ֪㣬ҾͲֹˡ
ٺȫε覺͵ܵܵĻ¡
ɾϺεȴĿŵˡ§˯չ١
ֻŮˣҲֻΪޡ
ʧʱεûŰҳȥùѰ֣仰һӡ
С糡
ңİֱ˺εۡ
ε覱ͻַŻˣֵ̧ǰǾ֮ɫ
ӧϰ/ҵˣӧϰ岻ϰ߱Ů
ε覴֣ϰϰߣϰһ鲻֪ˡ

ԵŮϰ幥xǧ 1v1˫c

ݱǩ  Ű Ե   վ
ؼ֣ǣ(y)ε  ǣƪȦΡ  רԤչŰְٶǰ
һ仰飺ܵȢĻŮ˹
⣺ֹùʱ֣Ҳʱơ


1 
ǣүǺ.⸱Ҳʲôװˡ˰ҹԹԻؼң̡
źڳ¡İƽĶ̷÷һ˿ֻҲǴһһƸչüҵķ˿ϡ
ҪǽϸǴǣһָڳİ̺ۡ
ֲڿ㶵ȼ˹ֱ̣ӵұԼҵܵȥ
̫δɽҪдĿ˲࣬ϰǹͣϰصذţһͶһѷΧȥ
ԳԺȺȵģ̶һСʱϾͿʮƿ
˱һһ§סȫӭЦ⣬úܡ
ϰ塣
ϰ
ϰǡ
Ǹ۲۵ŮˡڻŮǰӵϰŮˣûм
˭⻦̳̽մȨҵϸҵһλö꣬ܺ
ƿߵݺݺ࣬ͷϸˡ
ȻָŰмضЦҵ˭ˡ˵˵ҽ㴩ĻеŮ˵ӣʮˣҲûļүϰĸסԼ޲ȥˣȢúõĶôƻˣúõĽϱô˻ˡûûﰮİүпү࣡
˵˵ţתסһʹޡҪ֪Լһôң粻عء
ǹ˼ûڰϣŰްɫƿŽˡ
ǰظϻİ糾ͳڰĶϣǻŭһƣ˺εҶСĻһ£ֵû˾֪
һ䡰Ȣ˭Ҫܡͱ˸ȥˡ
־ճա
𣬰ûٻعҡͷüҹһƨˡ
Ҫ˵̺½ţ͸˲ʰ̯ӡ
û˹ﵱӻʱ㣬㣬ҺˣҸ˵Ķǧ氡
үǹͷӲˣҪȵͷô
ƤЦⲻЦǰǰһƿҪ죬˾ϰΣȥ
Ҳ
֣ս󿿣˳˸ûߵĹԼ׳ô׸㶼һˣỹҪٴɣ㿴ѹųʲô˶˵ʵһ磬дҹװĵģ㣬ٿ˼ŵЩһ
ȥ
ˣ˸ãŶ

˽ҳۼЦ㣬˵ģôĻûһ㿴۵ˣ
ڸϵŦ۵ֶ˶٣ڰλǰģܵϷٸ¡
㡣ۣץס֡
ڰΪҪһ˵ʲôοĻʱȴѸ֣ƤЦͷˣ϶һĸ㱨˰ɣ˵ֲ˼ȡֻûƵصķôе뷽跨ҪŮƣ
ɲ˵Ļӡ˼ҲȻķաֺҲˣһôܼ𣿡ŮĻϵĸĸһֳֶΡ
Ķܰܵ갡ڣҺͰ±ӶԴˡ
估ĸ˸еҪ׽ͺˣͲᱻ˵ģ˳̳ǵļҵ㣬Ȫ֮¿϶Ҳġ
ľģҴûҪΪСǰŮһ㣬֪
㣬֪Ҳ˼ûڸղŵĴǡ
Ǿͱ졣꣬鼱֮³أ˰ɣ
ۡҡҡͷֲǲ֪Ƥ񣬴С˲ٴ򡣡
һƣڰϣȴεҵ档Ҳ˽ģǴͿġ
С󰤵Ĵǰµ֣Ұһ롣
Ĵ򣬻ǵһΡ
ԣΨһļˣûѪԵϵȴӱ˴Ϊףٰ

Żذլıؾ֮·ϣһλֵĽֵλĻִ
ԭϣߵ֮û֤ͨǲڵģÿ˳ӵæŷظԵĵؽ硣
⿴ˮƺ̣ȴǹԼʢ
⻰˼ֳԹԵؿڵ⼸ల£ϵļ޷ĳӡȾҲδܵĴѹżѾˡ
ɲ
ץǰסΣô£
Ǹ֮õĸ½ϣиͻȻˤǳǰС㣬үûŰɣ
ǳȥûײˡ
ȴ˼Ҳſ˳ȥȷһŮˤڳǰǸȢûȢɵεҶС㡪ε覡
ε覴һīɫĵͼۣ°ɫС磬ں㷢˳ż羱ɢǰ
۵ĳֻϥǣһˤŵصϥǲƤðѪ顣
ҹײİԼ··ۣҿĶҪһ⳥
һͷ긾ˣһһߴӺƽߵְ﷭󣬵˵̰࣬ĵ飬Ȼ󽫰ȥεߣ׼ȥһⵣ˰ס
½ץסףһԣεС㣬û°ɣ
һ󾪻ţһң˭۸һ޸֮ĸ˼ңҿ
С㣬С㣡ǱСѾͷŰǿֵȺ׵ߡ
СĶ޴룬˵͵ô찡СϥѪˣϥǣˣүҪ֪Ҿˡأ춯첲ٶȡ
εҽףңҵĽźŤˡ
޿䣬֡ȫ
³վϣֻŵϵĹе졣
εŮŮǰѼ˴ӷһӡεҶС㳣ӼҲֻǳδȥĶϸͷɴһ档
˳ӣֽ⿪ſӣĻЦ㣬㿴鶼ˣ˼ҪԶٲҪ˼һ绨Сﻹôڻȥ
Ĭ
û˵һɵģ·߲ȣǰһקε覵ĸ첲˸ϧӡ
ԭεС㰡ãҿĶ˶ˡ
˻ε覱͵һק۵üͷ
㡭үϳҼСŤ˽š
ŤˣŶŤˣŤ˲·ţžƾ˵ñү
̧һֱֻסŮܲףɡ
ţĿ֮£ε覴ᱧ𣬶Ŀ棺εС㣬ϵ˭
θε覣ֳ壬һŮˣ׾١
ε覾ʧ룬˫Եشϰļ硣ӭϰĿ⣬һʱʧ
Ƭ̣ŵͷСش𣺡ϵáϰ塣
ΪΪַͷʢİҵϰ壬⼸ǹı־˵жʮڡڻȫУ主̾ۼײ㣬˵ǼҲΪ
οϣҲˡ
ϵñáȵҵĳǰܳû㣬ҶȥҽԺơ̧٣һϰ岻٣ҲŮˣ˾ٶϲ˹
ǿԼŮݣؿǸˣѡҪôλǸԭ£Ҫôȥס졣
ˣ֮ˣŮٻУӲ顣
˹ȻһСְԻȡĲʲôˡ
г˾ˣԹ󣬸˵ŷ˵ӡ
һһԼ⣬Բ˹ҲۣҶȸ״۲ʶ̩ɽֱִ̧֣СһʶĹһذɡǮǮҲ
ε覿˵Լˣв̣ϰ壬˰ɡ
ʾ½ϷˣֶǸ޿СѾͷ˵ȥүƽ˵үƲ㣬εС㣬Ժͻء
⡭
ʲôôҰҶС˲ɣ治ϲŭ
ģεСôС˵ĹֻӱϧϾҪǵεϰ˻ȣҺε񶼸మһˣȻͲᷢǰ׮¡ˣεһΣһΣڻϵĶԹʹ塣ҸҶСԩ޳ǲ
εҲ˵ͷżְ½ϵ첽ˡ

ҽԺֵҽΪε顣
λСĽֻ΢Ťˣûʲô󰭣24СʱԺֲѪĸҩͬʱȷ󡢰ĽƣȬˡ
ͷû¾ͺãҩɡˣϥϵĲˣһˡ
ʿҩҩĶʮһ㶼ᡣ
εҧʹӣҩңɡ˵Ŵӻʿùǩҩˮεǰҩ
ƣʿΪԼᱻϰ֪һε覵һ΢

Сһ̡һ㣬ҩ˼ҩЧܸõķãҲܼסεʹԺ·ҪٵЩ䣬ȫǹػһֻлľ档
ε˫ֶץŵӣֽͷҲû̧İ촽΢ţȴһԲ΢΢ͷƫһߡ
ҽͻʿģҲǵҩ


2 
ˣҽԺٴαεεСõİ˴ϳͲҶͼı죿
ε覴ݴ㲻İˣǰĽ㣬ǰҵϰ壬ǡһŮˡ
Цǣ˭˵Ů˾ͲŮͼıˣ
Լ˵ġ
𷽲ŵ˵ǷҲԣȷԼ˵ġ
Ȼǳ˼ҵǧС㣬侲䣬ֹׯ˵Żֹƣ丸ŮεСӦúܸĸĳ谮ɣ
˼ңʵ˭֪εӵлһԽٻ¥ϳ¥к̳¥ùݣʩ豸һ
ϰˡҲһŮĸѹεεۼ֣Ҫš覡á
֪εͱεͷӻ˽Ů֪ĸ״
𣿡
εһãȻʵһͰĶ磬㵱˰ҵ̣Ц㲻ú𣿡
εҡͷ˵ģǰĸҪ֮ʣȴ侮ʯ˽үĻ£εʧȣ£εҶԲ𰲼ҡҴ밲ңΪ򰲼
ͨ͸ߴεŲߣô˵ӽֻүӵİţԼʵԸ
үǸˡ
ʻڻ谵ĽͷͻȻһμɲ
ץź󷽿ִεǰסŻûΪԶǰԵ
ε覵˫ֱܵ׽סǰĸ첲ܵźһͨͨѣȫȻûע⵽Էĸ첲˿Լ˽λ
½ϣһ
С㣬ո·ֻèһǰһ˹ȥҡ
ҪèҪҪҽ㣿
˾˵èεü£ٶ
̧ۿŰҹ˾֮ʱҰè˫ʳ˳̬⣬пԭȫ޼ҿɹĶҲǿġ
ͨһƽϢŭ𣬷ԸҲǷε覿ġ
ʶ첲ʲô
Ҽ֣εץ̫Ҳ˰
õ㡣
ŵεϵ㣬ѩõ͸ˡ
˵°ͣעţ˵ĻȴεСȷܹˡǲ֪εϰ忴ȥң᲻ʧ

żˣɦŪˣͶͱСԽݵһϵѵǴ֮õСϷҵ˾ռߡڹѧô꣬Ƿ³ĳͣ˶ŮˣΪĻϲģ
ϰ˵Цˡεֻѿ˷

ƾ֤ͨ½ϰѳ˳εҵͥԺ⡣
εӸеЩʹ̧һ࣬ϵ·»䡣ǰĴ¡
ոձŲŲ۾ҲһֱŴ⣬֪ľ˯˹ȥ
εС㣬ˡ
šεСۺ·Ͱмλãϰ壬ллһҲлл·
ȴץ·ӵǰʻλޱ˵·ۣҲ¡
ǻл
εˣɳӰĸ·Ū·Լܣ·ֻմ
۰µҲ
Ϸ㣬ε³С㵱ġ
ԺŴ򿪣һ̨ףɫ˯۵εҲһ
С㣡ǻˣܵε覱ҪٲүҪȥˡ
εϰ塣ף͵ڽϲĳŽӻؼҵǡ·ͶСȥһҽԺҺãҽ˵󰭣ձɡ
ᵽţڱ֪ˣε覲ûô겻壬εиġˡٰŮͣȡˡ
εһ̷̱ˣżֵƵ޴¡
εĸ첲ɤŶ˵˾Уһ˾СġŸϽСȥ
Ļ֮ͨ׶λһ֮Ȼּ;ϰˣεĳնСŮŵлҹв㣬Ͳ뾵ϰСˡ
֮Ͷѣŵл˰ɡͷˣҲûҪ˴գֱӾܾ
˳ε˼װģϰԲӣлһҪлģ˵ˣүأר̲Ϻõĳ覻ġү˾ҲεˣǼҲʾǰӣǾҹڻԼϵʹ˽ҹɡ
Ȼˣһ£Ҳпǲ֮ƾүһ֮ʣΪΪæ޷ϯ¶Ҫ㣬ΪĸӦõġ
Ҫ˵ʮһ׮顣㿴⣬ͯŮǶ԰ǻڻȻдȣȰ곤ȻȻԶѧĸģĿŮңңڵؿȥû֡
観ͤͤҲʻͣɲɵģүͶϣ˵ȰǿѽҺεŵԡ
εϰؽεɣλǴ˴ĳڰĻ£жᣬͲͶλˡķԴੲݣ˵˾䡰ǡת뿪
Ƿߣⷽĸ첲㱻šסݺѾͷôС¶ãŲҰˣ
ҴʹֻĵˣٸһλᣬһźöСġ
ΪŤˣε覽Ųһһصظε󣬽άƽ⡣
¾㱸ʱѾ죬·Ҳ̺ˣպܻܲ棬ͿԼıˡ첻㵱֪ʲôǰεֱɫط档
ڽϱ裬ڳϱ񣬻ؼֱ׾棬ε覵΢糾
յƵľҲֹһˣεͬ壬ÿÿٴС
εңʲôйָǵĶС㣬һö˰ڲӣһɵͽĵıӣҪͷС
һѰңΨһĳ·ľģ˵Ǳε壬˵ǱԼ
̶ʮأһ⾰˭ػأ

⣬լۡ
ϰңҵ...ͷԶرģѰʱڣҲûаѰ˱ӻ
ƣһİεүûȿڲ裿
˿ھƽʣɳϣµӾ˵˵ɣεС㣬ô£
ӹܰҵεйͻѾждˣټ֮ε˻һ¸Ҵĳ裬ûε᲻ҪСŮ԰ʹ˼ơ
ǰưε覵Ķ󣬰첱Ӵֵصڸ쭣ȻûӰˣֱܲƽ͵һ
밡ӣ˱ڲ輸ϵľƱСһڡ
Ŷˣһμϸȥ縰Լʱ򡣳緹һһﱻåҲ磬ͰŽΧ
˵ţһ°ľƱڶμ³ȥׯϷҲһС߰Ҹ˲ǮҲ֪
εĴΡҲˣ޷ǾЩŮ˹˵Ļû档
һۣûʲô棬ͱҴҴææ˼Ҷ飿Բǰҵε壬Թкޣ뱨εңԣֶȫ֧֡ãǣ޹֮ˡ
ӴҵĽ㣬ôôɥҲǻǮִ˵㣬꼰޹Ůӣڡ
˵Ǯһڽƺ꣬ʼˣʱĵݣ˼ֵһǧƽݹȥεҶ԰ɣҸ˵ˣһΰȫ棬͵ֲϸεҶСɵ˺Ұˣ²ΪεҵˣֹﻶĵˣһɲᣬҪôԼǮ
Ҳ˵ƽݹ۸񰺹󣬻Դȱ˵һǧ󣬾㹻˼ʡԼúüˡ
ʾƶ̼¢ռҹгָֻļҵڼзм
аԡҵǿΪ٣˹ڸ֧֣Էչ
Ҫǿڰѧ˲ٿͷط꣬ǮˮûûҹظһȺӵϹ죬ȾһĻë
ѽ㡣
ȥסĸ첲ģ㲻ǮҾȥ״
ȥڰλǰҹĻ¶һһʮǻ㡣
ƿԣ֪ԼӲֱͨһϥ˵ϣ㣬֪ˡߺҾֻһˣ㲻ң˭ѽ¶㣬ҲԣǻΪ㲻ͬ㣬εҶС㲻ǸƵĴƯˡ
εҴСε곤һ꣬Լʮʱµģ˻飬ʮꡣ
жϥлƽ𣬱𶯲͹򡣡
Űڻ·˼˵˳ʮ꣬ǸýճˡҶŵҪ󲻸ߣֻҪʵϲģĵƷжףҾΣԽҰҵš
˵ͷ÷з𣿡ָֻ˵ɵӣƱһɳϡ
˳ңݼңٻεңΪ̻ĸ᳤鳤µλǡأﶼµĹС㡣˵˲෹󻹿˶ľ֣ðҵٶǷһδܿ׼ҹϵϣͦϣ飬æסһ̻»еϯλ
ʱⳡˣ׿ЩԼأʲô뷨¹ذҸصġ
㣬ҵ뷨ʵܼ򵥡أϰΣǮǮأҵĻӣܰһһ
Ϊܽģ
ңϰΪֱ䣬½ݵľǼٹ˽ɹ֮оϰչɫҷԴ˵˻˵ῴʹ棬ܱгǸεүӣϲŭɫ֮ҰĲı㣬ŪȨĸ̸ֻ֡ϵȨ⣬ȷҸһѲ⣬ǾͻôĻҲһ׮ס
ο֮£ѣ
һ붼磬ռŻҵֲܼۣͬڼҾӮóڷչĹӪΪࡣ
Ϊ϶̬ȼ»Ϊֹδռ͸ҵҶԼҹӰ쵽̻شߣʹò̼
ö֮ٻΪ׵ĲµλͻԱλǿҲŵ°˵ģһµλѡ٣ҵƱķա
㣬Ҫô˵Ļҿ϶ѡεҶС˰˳Ưüۣ磬Ҽ
һۣˣٸˣƤӣҲӣ֮εŮˣ̸


3 
;ƶԣεŰϵЭʾãζŻһͷҵҲ̵ͷ
ֻҪͷһͣӶϲ»ԱĸңҲһ¥
ɰ
ţҵл·
Ϊʲôѽ
˵㲻֪һεѡ᳤ĹؼһƱͶȥġ
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ǰʱǸ᳤֮һɵȵι˾»ȴԹͶƱķʽ˰丸׸᳤λӣ˰ϵµλ֮
Щ˸ɹûʣ˵ʮ̫ˣǳ㣬ҲԷڡ
εֱԲ䣬˵һŮ̽磬
۶СҲرҪϡ˶̶ʱ䣬һѡкݺݴε
꣬»ᵥλѡ٣Ǽ»ӵѡ֮ꡣ
㣬ⶼˣԩ˽ⲻ˽ᡣ
һںƣǳʲôĿҲεǳԸǱױȣо֪ܵŮˣΪޣҰҲӭøεҶޡҵĻ𣿡
ˡŰ¥ıӰԾش˸
¥ݣͷϻ˵úãȳɼҺҵһʱԺ֣ټȢţ˰ɣȵ°꣬빫˾ʱ»Ҳ档
ãΪ˰£ʱֿ꣬ңƴڻĻұȥ²ˣҲûء

ǰ۷׷ף˵үˣҵǲǾ͸ˣ
ϾǰѪӳиҵֹ˾Ӧ
Ҳ˵ϼͳĹǱ϶԰ά˳ӣʵж಻ˣȫſǽΪҵĿɳ𣬵ʱȺ֮ƲŮ˸̨
ԴһЦ֮
ҪҲ߲ڻȨ߳Ƶ̽λˡ
ҽĶЩں֮ڣʵ֪֮٣ΪǰռȵԸ黹Ȩ
ֻаլļ֪ǰǰѹҪֻҪһ˵ӹܹ˾͹Ź˶ֲˡ
˷䣬Ÿױ̨ǰŸ˽˵æ˲ϳԷô϶˰ɣҰһֱСˣٳһЩ
лл衣
ţʰ
ȵȡȻסߵߣмҪޡ
˵һԽʮķޣ˰Ҷʮ꣬ľѳΪһӡͰҲ𾴡
ͲСˣ磬ĻֻѹءУ̸ۼҳ治СضѷģøԼϱ۹⣬ɫĹ㿴Ű죬ϦദôЩ꣬ʲôУǼʲôҲ֪֪׵ġʱ壬һııкʵҾһǣߡٲܹܣȷݷɸ߷Զջϼˡ
ããϡ
Ļ˿ȻҲԸ߾ȫΪǵġ
ע⵽ִž·ָָ·ôӡ첹ģ۾
ˣвסֺǺǵС԰ɣˡ

պ󣬽˺תεլ
Ӧȶ˾ƣһֱɵ˰ԺС㣬εҶСεǰݷãǲ
ε覣
εſڵĻ˵ˡ
̫ѨӿڴͷǿͣڼҰɣҵ˼úýӴεС㡣ͷ۵ýͲСˡ
С˼ʲô˼䲻ףӦǡ
¥ӭε覽ݣεСԵƬ̣Ǽү¥鷿Ͼ
ε覣͡
԰̾˼ܽкúд
һ³ĶƪС˵þõˡպˣðȥ
үˡ
⼸աûðɣ硭ҶԲס㡣նٰ࣬úõؽܸҽ㣬Ҳû뵽ҽԵ̬ô
ҳ΢䲻үϰҲΪ㡢Ϊ롣
εǫѷ˵ݻҽ㻹ûʵڡ˵ǻȥɣԺ󡭡
ˣүǰ˸ҽˣҪǶСһʱϣϻȥ
ε覼æϣ졣
ȥһεңʶǼҷѵʱȴ֪εҲᱻѵ
ǰε覼治ΣȢ쳣˳εδƸ񣬶һдӼ顣
ʱѲµεүӸ뷨һ£Ҳǵ췹ðòεϱε׼ҡ
εҴʲô⣬Ǻ⣬ֻԼ
ֵֵزˣεΪЦεȴԲݡ»ת֮أ
Ҳһ˳ˮۣڲ輸ϣòߣ飬ȺȲ衣
ε覿⣬𣺡үҲڿⱾ飿
Ҳ
ǰʱտ
Ŷ벻ûȤҲִ鷿õһŷҳûʲôáȻɷ˵
á
ε覾٩٩̸ðӣȴһŻվŶ˯
ò裬Сʱȥѵү쵽ˣ
ǽϹŵӱˡ
ò˵ԵߡĹУòʣ۲飬ε覶Ϊһ
εˣ϶ϲ
壬Ը嵭ĲǼҪһˣεСò͡εǷԸ⣬˿ͣУټһЕ¥޾ϸչ˺ҽ㡣˾ͶȥҲͷۡ
үϰε¶ǡĿģɲֻһ˵лܽġ
Ŷҽûʲô£Ӧȶˡ֪ҽ켣˶ѽʵһ㣬׾ƣȶ껹ǲСҲ֪̳ƳЩүǶͺһڰ׾ƣҲû취㲻
ңȥǰվϰȥҽԺˣһؼҡҪһлл͵
ε˵һҪ͵û˵˭档
ǵˣֺֻԼ·ߵ˳һЩ
⡭ɼ룬һЦȻܰҽŮˣȥ䣬ʲôл
˵ŤͷƣεС¥ȥһۡ
ҪεСŮˣжʯĳ
¥µҡķ䲻˭ʸģε覻ûʧ񵽰ԼѾҲȥ

ڴһǻθȴ˯ţĿ֮ʣ
С㣬εҶСˣ˵Ҫл𣿡
ûõӦһС㡱ŲǰĹأҪûƱԾ˳ˡ
ˣûᷳ˯۴ϣӦ
ε覽ݣ˵˵ϰæڹұصһЩʱݷã˲;лϣҵͻûдŵϰϢ
ε覵ĽС΢ֲ̧ŪŲ֪û˯ҵͷԼ˵ͻˣûдţ
ε覱ʵ޵ݡ
֮⣬˵Լ
ͷĸ꣺ĵذý̵Ĳɣ
ε覻̧ͷ۾΢졣ǰһ뻹Թ̫һƹЦˡ
ʣЦʲô
εҡͷûлش𰲾ʻЦߵߣڰɻĿУְ˳˳ͷ
Цݵľϰ壬ڼҲֻһλԵĴС㡣
һĻʶ
ʹأץסֻҪջص֣εСأڼɸͷһ
۾ϸëҲܳ
˫ǵţε˳֣˵ʱ䣬ۡ
С󣬰һ֡Ȼ׽סֻȻһƬ
ʤεСڼңҲһ˵װɡ
֪оʹε覣ֻĬĬһα˷̱ﲻһ衣
ûӦһʣðӴεС㣬Сӣûʲô°ɣ
ûСͻίӿε覵ͷҺүȤͶ̸ҪȻҲߵһˡүʢͣҴӦˡ
ôһȰ
ܵܰԼ˸ӢףˣŮ֮ûԣĸŮһûûεЩ̻Ļ¼εСҲš
˵꣬Ʊ´
Ǿƾûȥɾ˵»ŸŵأһʱͷΣ˵־ôһ
ϰ壿
û¡վȣ˦˦ͷɫ󣬡ͻȻеΣվͺá
ӹȥͷεİعˡֻյ֣Ҳӱů͡
㡣岽¥׼ˣǳԵ㣿
šȻſε覵֣һһ·
ϵģʲô·鷳ˡס֪ƽ⣬㴩˯ò͵ġ
εҲ˵Լϰ岻ع˼ɣıá
һһͣһԷ򳪸͵ľ¡
͵˦֣·Ҫϴɣȥ𵲵
ţǵϴһ£ҪģҺ¥㡣
תε覣üŪۣɷн£ҽƤ棬ɲһƼġüЦˣǵҽ㱣ܡ
ȭͷ֮ǰٳֳ
εڴЦЦתϰģʲôûҲû


4 
ʳ޲˳ԷʱнǸ˼ұزٵļҽ
еĻ⣬ǰѯε覵ˣҲܼࡣ
εòͶССڣµϵĿ֬մ֡
ǱСŮҳԷȴ˼ҵĺ촽˴ֱӼŵĲ˵ϣŻ
ִٵط¿ӣװԡ
°㣬Źκһ׽ŪԼҰ.ǿĻ᣺㣬ôСƵģԷϵ˵ǼҷʳԺȲҲô˷ʳɡ
졣
ǰ棬Ƴε覡ͷƺЦ
ˡ뵱ٴһơ
ϰүĽܸĽε覼ɣ̸ε˽һ£Ҹ³磬뾵ϰүݹ١
εϰ磿һڣ;쵽Ծˣ˲о¶Ƚ㡣
һԿİӲͷƤεϰ٣εС룬ģӦǰȥ١
衣ͻȻߣ㱻ˮǺס
ˡΧȹϲ֣ӳСңǷ𣿡
ǰ޵½չˣ
ʲô°һʱûף˳Űָ򣬻ȻŶŶԣˡ
мֶϹ𣿡
ûء
Ǿץһ£ϵһܲһӣ˿ϷסǼү졣
ϣ찡Ҿȥһ㡣һЦصͷӦкת˳̶ûпȥε覡
ڰҺεҵϵѸ˵
һ԰ķڷۺ¶ŴСľϡ
һ۾ɵϴҿϵε覣һһ˵ʲôˡ
̣СҲô档
ΪҲ˵ʲôʱҲ⣬ǲǵġıܾǵġ⡱ǷӦֻͣε覸ѿ
ǰֻεϧ֮ģһ󣬶ֶ˼͡
Ϊѡ
С㡣ʱ½ϴ
ڰС˵ǿү˵ҵˣôá
˿ƣӣµؼвˣѡҪôϸ첲ҪôȣԼѡ
ڳ˶ˡ
ε覲ĶһʰӵҲס˽Ų
ʲôϸ첲ȵģúõ˵ض½ϣѵϸҲǵģԺǲС£׼ҽԷʱ
ǣ´һע⡣ȥˡ
½ߺתŰıӰ΢΢һллС㡣
Ҫٸ鷳Ҳˣޣ´λһӡ

󣬰ʵʵӡ
ڣսĵߣǵըëٲһܣǵñһٲɡ
ε観ţ֪εС근ʮûɣҲٲµˣ֪ҵˮ𣬾޽׵Ŀܣοһһεȡ裿

ļβѰһԼİĽˣ
ֱ׵ļε߷ߣ£ȫƾĸ֮
äĿӵŮӣŭ䲻𴩵ĸ֮㲻ϧԼҲҪǧټƵؽӽ㱻һλ飬ɨҪ𣿡
ϰ塣
ε覵ˣ£ΪмŮѭԼ뷨ÿŮ˶һӵѡȨʮ겻ޣ˸๣ΪǮվסšͨ˼ҵŮʮûҵżңͻᱻͷָָ㡣ͬΪεҵŮεΪ飬ۼ˥֮ƣ׵͸Ѱһ¡һûĸֲܳŮ괺Ͷʮˣȴֱű߳šĿϣΪҸôΪ˱һ᲻𣿡
ˣû뵽⿴ֺĹԼѹ²˵ⷬ
εת˳ȥؼҡ
ؿڲԶĴϹʵԲε覵ĶԻݣֺܺ档
εˣ߽ʰ˵ʲôˣ˼ҹùǺ
䣬⧲ıסˡ
㣬㣬Ҵˡ
޷㡣ǰҿ˰仹벻Ҫˣ
ҪȻҪˡץŰ֣Ժ㣬Ժ󿴵˰ɣ㣬֣ҶҪǵˣ迴˵ö۰
һᵽĸεﰵع̣ʲô֮ˡָʾε覾㣬޷ͨ밲ϣ䣬ƻ֮Ρ۰贴칤ĳģð躮ġ
Ľ㡣԰ߺҪˣҲΪκ԰϶ԹҲ¡
ҪǣҾ͸Ҵס
ڴ֣½ϴǵ˽С㣬εС㲻ϳ˵ǣ˵Ҫ߻ȥ
εҵĳˣû绰Ҳûӡ
ߣ
ⰲլʮǰѡַ޽ģ࣬ɫˣ¡ټҰ꣬ҲǰʽΪһӵĵһꡣ
üͷһ壬˰һţ㲻Ǻܻȥϳ岻ϳ߻ȥ
̾һ½ϵļ磺У߰ɣϸ硣

ʮӣͷˡ
ûҺ岻õĹ˵⵶춹ĵģһͦõĹ˼ң
ڳϳ̣ͷǿգ³һʣйı˼ҵĹԼļˡϸ½ʦѣһĶ᲻ôƤ񣬲ʲôӡ
úúã֪˽㣡֤Ҿͽϳϸһ𣬰ǵľ·ͳͳˡ
ϣ˵乫εε壬εε覣ʹεĶ飬ﲻۡҾһ䣬ε覵ƫûпܡ
ûܣն˵
ǣгһĸãȢأ
ȢһٴξסĶ䣬ҿǷҪҶŸɰɣ
Ӵۡ㣬㣬ĸҰҴˣҾһ˵Ǽ裬ùǣңٿ˼ҵĹ˰ɣ

³ȥμεʮ硣
³ԹҷһߣҴҵˣӹҪġ
㣬㿴Ҵô
үߴ˧ʲôģģ˱ĥˡؿԼ˵ȥܣҪˣһһһ
ÿȥǿ棬ҪȻεȴճɻ˵òһݡ
óɱﵣ㣬㲻ùңҲʶ˵ЩˡҾȥ棬˶ѡ
ϵ㲻룬ݲ㣬Լ±ġ˵ѡĹһɫƽӹԵ㣬˵ҪѰ氮Ҳ㡣ٲ˴ҹ㣬ġ
ãģ߲ܣ
ƶ
¥ٰ죬ε覺εſӭ͡
ҽܵε˹εӭкϰүӭӭ覿λ;
ûεʺãһֹ
ˣнȥɡ
һھܾεҲûֿԣ尲΢΢ףȥʹ·ˡ
ͰſεҴŮŮдˡ
⵽εĸŮ˵Ĵţ߱üͷļ磺㣬û۵Ļε˺׹Ůε𴩵Ķƽε覴ľͨĽɣȥε覵񶼱˸ռ˽ˡεҲ̫ˡ
ôһ˵װελһۡ͡ˡεεһȣŵȷ֮롣
û֦չŨױĨΣӹסԼֻڰ׻ԼǳɫϵķΣӲоЩᰮҫʱȵĹҲûʲôøС
մʽ̿ɫºͺɫ㣬ͷδ÷÷ֻǼ֡
ʸ˵ĸо͡
εأҲû࿴ÿضŷ۸˼ҡ
ٿԡ
˲Ӷתʵʲô
صģЦýٺ٣ȻؼҴүʱûյָҲΪ˺һƤ䷹أ
һڰСϣҿƤǷʰûꡭ
ع̶̼£˲ٹؼҴү㣬սŰܣԽԽµĹ¼
뵱Ľӷϣ˲˺׽ҽܻû꣬ͱһ䡰شүߴ˵طˡ
˱̸´󷽵ģΪڿΪǣˡɵƴ˽ǰų˽ѡ֮⡣
˺㣬żӴȤȤˡ


5 
Ŀˣǻ塣һ볡ͱüϰΧס׺̸⡣
߰ķУҲװǻƣˣ㣬æģȥĴûŵĺù
עִ硣ǹܲסԼ˵ĵܵˡ
湫˾ϰ壬ŷ˺Ůϰһ磿֮ʲôҹѽҲøһ̨¡
ϰ壬ݷˣС㣬һᡣ
һк˳ҵ˸񣬡ˣҵȷ޸ҹֻǴСأ˾͸ϲˡϾҺʵʵĴ
ϰ˵ЦˡϰΪǹƥͰټļҵӪ÷ˮȫȫмŮܺ;ϰȼ磿
ϰޡŮķ⽨˼ٹ̣˭֪ԼǷ̣ǿޡ
˰ȥߣҺ;ϰҪ̡
ҺСŮͲ̸ˡݷ˵⣬£ȥתת㲻εС˵˵𣿡
¶԰˺棬Ǿ塣
˭֪û˵ϻͱĸ֧ߡ±죬ò򰲾񣬱ݷˡ
ϰŶ԰˵ϰ֪⼸һΪ'Ӣɴ'Ĺ˾ʼռװгˣǵĹ⣬ϰԴ˿ʲôӦ֮ߣ
Ӣǣʵ˿ҵɣôֱʣ᲻֪
Ӫҵٲά裬ֻи˺ܴгʽ֧֡ϰһϯ֮ʵףڼҵľǵʱƣδѰϰ⼸仰Էθ
ҿǿǣմϰ塣鰮Ҳð޷ġӡȾûԼ
ϹͰլۡ⣬ʢ
ϳ֤ͨס֤ҵʱ磬κʱ򶼲±顣Ϲ޲ֻߵǱ·ߡ
ǰ꣬бĺ޷ͼҲһǵ͹˰ϵĺҲ͹˹˵Žᡣ
ԴΪͨ̿ڰź󣬻Ǯ˺ԽԽ࣬װҲԽԽֹǰŴͳĻͲϣȥ
ڰǰ·Ҫôʽµ޲֮ĳУҪôպһ޷ĳѰ¼˲²Ʒ߶˳񲼡
·бס

ʽʼε´֮ε˷˵Ϊ׼˾ϲĿıͷ׷׹ơ
ŲƴֵεϷӣǰϷš
ϵǳȴǱõε覣覲ţڸϵһҹ¡Ϊλˣף׸綫ٱɽ
ε˵꣬ڳ˽
иǧͷ¶ݽĿģֲǸŮŮ
Ҳе˵˼ҸԼĸ׺٣㲻ա
˵һ˻Ůӣôţ
ӣȴ
εˣԹԵصȫһűͣ޼֮һ
ս㣬εСã֮ŵĺӧ˭øã
㲻Ҳ
ʲôҾȥأһûšҲǻعðıźӧҾðɣεС㵯úá

ˣոǸݼС㱻ĸҴڨĵ˼ڸϲõĻ⣬˵ᵯ٣ĸױѧǶӿΣԼҲϲˡ
졣

Ȼ䣬Ҷϣ̶ȫѻȸ
Ҷϡ
Ԥס
ϣ֮ͥ£εֵ̨εߣүٳŪ㸸׶𣿡
ñεڵϣĶ
εͼҶ֮⣬Ҷ˵˺ܾû٣Ҫҡ
ž
εһεϣ»Ҷ죬жΣ¹ͷǰɣʲôΪסεңεС㡣˵ײǸûҪļͷͷ
ε񲻸ʣȴѷ覲ҡ˵˻£ո׺ͷˣԭ¡
εٴȥ𰲾ͳɤε˺εС𣿡
ڽѵԼѾͷ˼£뾵ϰرܡҪ£ŮŮö㾵ϰ󡣡
εƽֺˣͷϣĶһ˶ָֻţǸŮˣǸС
Ц⣬Ŀεˡ
ѾͷŮ
ƺһأһ졣
ɣҵ㲻ˡ˷Ĵָʳָתʳָöһģһϸ֬䣬ⲽˡ
εС㣬ϴθĲҶǺδģϼҵҵĿζ
ѿľأε覱˵ֲ尲ΪԼΧһνԼ
εС㲻˵ɫһ䣬εϰصظĲ裬ڲϸɣ㲻˵ֻȥҡ
ϰ壬ǰ¶ӣǵæȥˡεҲ¶ˣʿɶֹ
ϰĻεʩѹưˣŵ𣬻˼Ҿϰ壬ү͵ĵʲô裿˵ε覵ĸ첲šһ¡
ôô¡صᣬε˵ĲٳֿɲСȥæɣҺεСҲ仰¶
εԾɳĬ
εΣǰݺݵһھϰǰʲô˵ʲô˵ܺ졣
һߣ綼ˡ
ε֣ϵĺףһ˵ǸŮ˾㣿
ֱһ˲䣬
εʵ̧ͷŰϰ壬ڿ𣿡
ҵģģڡϣôһͬ顣
ε覵ģˡ
ȻֻΪ˿ϷֻΪԼ
ȥˤãȴֱľƬһ¡
覶ڵϣסָ⣬ѪҲˣϷҲˣܲܳ裬ϰҲдˡϰ󣬵áòͰɡ
𰸣
ˣεŤ˽ǻأؼҵ·˵ôһ䡣
˹֪֮εСܴϻۡûߣżʵٺҪ
Ҫ
εظԼһ顣
ٲҲ¡
ٵϣմѪϣιᡣ
Ҳá
Ҳá
ϣûκζҶҪģϾԼôۡε覶٣ˡ
ؿڶµûţƵ߿Ƶ١ڶαСдʸײˣĶҲڴˡ

ͲŸʶݼС˵Цص
һߣεںͰǰ飬ϰΣ
ʲô飿æЩװͿ
ȷʵڰعǰε˽̸ˡûӦԷǵ˵µĿޡ
޷ĶڵĿںǹ˴ϣϳͼ۳ͨ޲ҪģǽĸߵӡȾɫµƷƼںҵİٻ̳ۣ۸20˵⡣
⣬ǰϵԭ򣬲ɸġ̲ʤö٣ֻԼҹ˾·ϾͲ̲ˮˡ
»֣߳ϰҲν𣿡
ͬı
ԵʶʱΪܡйһ£ô˵طϰεȰͷȻϰִҲûʲô˵ˡٺѾϰһ䣺з磬
˵ʲôѣǳ/в
εЩһͰۣſŻݡ˫򹲸£̻£԰ϴҲ硣
ֻϺֻ꣬ѰͶˡ
ʮķ꣬϶ˡ
ΪһεзΪƸΪͣʶھܾ̬ϣǿӲһЩϵĸ̩ɽƯķһܴġ
ϣؾεĵڶ죬޷ĳĶͷ˻֡ȼʱڲԱ
оա
ٶ¹𣿡
γ֧֧᣺ˣʹˣûʲôɵӦãӦþǻϻĹϡϰ壬˵һ¿ĽӢɴģӹȽĴɴϸɴ
վ𣺡ùˣ֪ͨȥڰһʩ豸ȫŲһ飬һ档
γϲ⣬ӦúãϾȥ֪֤ͨ׼ʱɱ档
»ȻҪɱЧʺͰȫϵҲ߳һءҲû⣬ȻҲںγİʾ󣬵һʱ͸ͬİʾԻӦȶġ
·ȻǮͿԽģվǳ֮ơ
ɰܵģܴһҲΪӶ˽ǧϳĹˣơ
ߵڶ·Ʊػʤ̭̭ܶϼϹˡ
ȡᣬ¡һϣϵ˽졣
޷ĳ¹ʣĺɫĺϡϡ٣ûʲôӵɰȴеķơ
Ը½ϣйעεүӵ٣ʲô˽Ӵȥ
ǡ
£ȥǿү㲻ظˡ


6 
֧½ϣϺ֮һ¾İϴʮΰǿ棬¾ĳ
ΰǿÿộͲеɣʱ򣬰ĽΰǿʱΪе
ϴ绽꣬ɣʵϹŵѪӡ
·ϳڶ࣬Ҫȡ֮Ҳ࣬ʱʱǹƬ̶ð
ΰǿЦ㿴ɵ𣿡
ޣһ֮ʲô糬ʮһú
˵ϰ壬ô˵Ļôأ߰Ĺ飬Ҷ˵ûУؿһŮ˽ƽϡΰǿˣʲôĿ
ĿзöϣֻڳԴںȡʡ
ΰǿϵЦɣƦƦؽָڰڷϵֱÿζǸ𰡣ĸһΣ¾ġ
̬ҵĴֻ̫Ҫ𣿡
ݣΰǿ㬵֡
԰˵ãеˡƽĶ۰ɣĺڡƫͰһˣȼ
ʵŶ壬ĿǰġѡϵǡģԽ׳һԽˣƾУͬǲܳþά֡ˡߡˡϵġ
أƽҲˣˣƤӣżռ˴ŵġСˡ֡

š
ĸʢ֮һҲǰΰǿꡰ˻족һʱ˵һ
ԭ
һ⣬㡣ǰϲС
ǳò绨̨֮ڣһòƽﶼĿʾ˵ͨŮ
ΰǿʣϰ壬ӧڣ
ӧ̨ӣҲֿĹƫƫĳ衣ϰ嶼ãӧõǸ
ϰͷǿү;ϰɡӧüų̂ˣ찡ڡλ¥
ΰǿ٩ҵǺˣӧҲãһѰŮˣ⻤Ҫ𣬽ͰѺӧ˵ԼҸŮ
üԣҲҪ
ãӳ֮ۻŮ˶ǣҲ
νǧʹ̱ð档ʫӦ˺ӧ̨ľ
δβΰǿֽкȫע⣺ãĺãҲã
ΰǿΪӧߵȲʣôΪ˶Ŀó˶ӧ¾ǿүŵŮˣЩԺӧ˼عء
뻤ˣҪշġ
ӧմһɫĵۣճ͹µġͷϴʽɫͷɴڸסһ롣
֪ò󡱣̨ϵΨ棬˭ȥһ׷
ӧԾкȥһ㶪˻ꡣ
ʱ˾ֹˮݲȵġʵȴǣĻҵʴӵĵز
ԼֵĸܴӺζֻǽգΪǿҡ
ӧջĿ⣬ƽ۵ӡ
ӯӯʩ׼˳뿪ӣͱ֪Ķ̨˸.رסˡ
ֻ̨ϣŮ˾ʧ룬ҲӦء
ˣ
һذ׵ںӧĲǰиߺ֪ڣ뿴Ϊɥͳ
.ģ˭ΰǿһӣ˽
ǿүϰ壬ЮֺӧģǰЩӱǶȵҲƹǰ򡣡
ΰǿһԲİ飬֪գ͸öĲӣԾ󻼡
̨ѱϰ庰Χס˫ĿѪ죬һȳһյźӧǰ
ϰ壬㲻ǺϲŮͷڹ꣬ҲˣҪҲҪһ汳ġٲҾһµ㡭
飡
ΰǿһǹűߵĵϣ.ȥ¸ƨ
һǹŵòᣬֶĻ˺ӧĲӣѪմȾ˵С
֮ǰȾ׳˵Ȼ˿ͷ˲١

ˡ
ΰǿ֣̻ݳһǹ巢.ϰ⡣
ǹΰǿļ磺ŻС
̯˫֣һ¥ݣߵ̨ǰֱˣſӧĲѱһѪӡ
ֻʣ޼ΧߣԾó˵
㲻뱨𣿡
Ծ̨վ˼֮ңĵط˹ؾڣ˶಻㣬ǮѵҪǮҸǡ
һܻ߳һˣһˣ
ذ׽˿ڣӧ˫ȭѪۣԴԼ򶨡
ܴ󺰴УֻҰǵ˲ĺȻǣԼø졣
Ұһŵǧ𡣡
ȷʵѰ·ˣ˼˵һ뿪ģðģ׷ɱң㰲ҶӾ
񶾵ӧڿˣϰ壬Ҫ
Ƶİ尲˸ơ
ҵԣСңΪһŮֵϰң˵ţͳǹ
㣬㡭ŵ״Ρ
ǣʲôǹҸ׼ġ˵ϻȻֵݳһذʲôɱΣ
;ĩ·ǹȻȵʹûܶ·
һֻȥǹӧһ
ָǹʱ֣һʱȥǹǰץסõ󣬰ҲӺסĲӡ
һ֣һѵֱֱȥ
ϰСģӧгȥֱۣɲǼѪֱ
״ֱ֣ͱظ
¾ȫΧذߣֳѪ
ΰǿЦܾˣϰҲܾˣСС֣ҹʧ⡣
Ļ˺鲼סӧұϵ˿ڹֹѪ
§źӧ£˵ûµģܿͺáԼ¸ϣɷ˵ؽ˱𣬡ȥҽԺ
ϰ壬ɣߵġ
졣

ڣӧؿڰϣҲˣʹȡԼΪ
§§ļ磬ؿԼĻ̿벻
Ǹ㡣
ӧҡͷ
˿ǲǺۣ
Ϊǿҡͷȴšһ
󣬺ӧСŰ֡£ָסҵ˲Ҳ٣ҪǺ£ԺͲˡ
ϰ壬Ҳµġ
ӧϸĴϸݵϵૡÿһֶÿһôֱ۰顣
Ȼ䣬ǰ˳ʶĳ
Բ֮ҹһǰѼ䣬¥̨һ׶ӣ㻽ڵĹ
˰ĹĬ.˯ʱҲû뵽һ㣬Һܿ죬ͱˡ
ˣǵ̨õĺӧ
˵٣˵泩
һһ
Ȱ˯ѣӧָȫƤ
ͣʲôҲû˵ֻһٴӧţ뿪տšڽֱߴ磬һ˺ü֧̣
ӧų¹µ˿ܣ밲෴ķȥ
Ӱʧתǽӣһҹ
ӧְһڵؤؤǳӣӧࡣټָʹ̣ܿӧͱؤˤ
ǰʱӢ۾ӧְؤһͨؤ󣬺ӧվ˵ллϰ塣
ѰݻӧʱԷָָ̧ԡ
ӧóϵĳң˳ְɢӵ鷢
ץźӧ֣šϰҩָͷһһҩֱ׾һһزɴ
ֲڵգúӧ̿
Цʲô
ӧ˻Լֻ֣˵˵ڶ仰е
ɴкӧı飬СĽдһ˿ĺ
ʣˣ
ӧһ£˫ϣȴŵָڽӲͷʮˡ
ǰСԼʮĹССάƣидúõٳҪ˵İ
˺ǿүŵĽͣҲ˺ӧġʵڡ
ӻ룬ʵ£ʲô
£µǣǰδܵóԸӧʣϰأо֮£
δ


7 
ӧӵ˿ǳҩﴦɣһǲ̵ĳ̶ȡ첲˿ڽҩ룬̵ĸʺܴ
һֱš
ӧ˵ֻͷҡͷֵ̼Ļش
ȫ֪ϰΪ
˿ڴ׵źӧǰȴ˺ҡҡͷָ·ߵĻư
ûǿѣӰǶҪٿ飬֮ҶҲҶܣЩǮţԼ㲹Ʒú壬ʱͱȥ̨ˡ
ţִںӧϵ¶óֱʺǳɫдһ룺ѴԴ绰
ɴӧĿתؿŰ˵ͷӦ¡
˻ưʣҪҪ
á
Ͱؼңʼĩ֪½ϲ뿪
ݺ󣬰ȾѪƣϴɾɺŵ
ǣС㡣°ɫǰżΪƣ߽ͬһСµĺ÷ޡ
½ϸ氲鷿С㣬ϵ˲Ҫɣ
⣬Ǹ涼жľϰ壬ľϰ壬ֻҪڼңֻǵĴС㡣
˵Ƥѡᵶʱ򱻻ˣҽԺҲεǱж
ҹгεεңһҪСס
ң˵ŮӣסȻ³򣬡пεҶС𣿡
ûСƬѲߺϣҾŵͳˣԷݾߡ
ţС£ֱʮʮ֣ҽԺϳʱʮ㣬ˣȥ̽һεסԵɡ

գе˯˸
ŵţǰ½϶˵ˣ
๼ΰǿ䲻Ǻʬͷ³Թñ˲̡
ߣպӽַе;˵Լԭԭظ֪ࡣһ㣬½û
ԲС㣡ͷ¡
ȥˡ
ҵϹۣ˲磬ŸôĻˣѴ̡ƹһСʱ˫ۣ˫ҲľˣС㣬ʵûٴȥˣҡ
˵ƣڰҴô꣬΢չҵʳӣҾʲôˣѵ˽⣿ΪСǨŭ㣿ﻹС㣬ӽͱ˵ʲôûĻˡ
ǣС㣬Ժ󶼲˵ˣⱲӾڰΪǰ󡭡Ʋᣬм㡣
ƱȰ꣬ʮж밲̷ʮˡ
Ҳڰ꣬ʮƱĸ˷ﵱӶˣɨҲѧϰչǡ
ĸ޳еɫƾͱȥ.Ůˡ
ĸ£ңҪźӾֻаһˡ
ڰҲ͵ഺüҲҪôˣɺһʷļױϼҸžۣӣƽ
첢ûоԭΪ길ĸβŽиˣıԼҸɢŲ˷ʵǱĸ˷ӡ
ɽˮص磬ĸǮ޸Ϲ꣬;ĩ·ٴ˻ڵ󰲾
겻ɢɷҲ˻
ǰ֣ɷǰ򡣿ǰǮȻô򣬾ǲ뿪Ƴŵʱɧ
Ҳá
ˡ
ôǣñȰǷûͱǰһĻסˡ
ͣϸȥˣŪǮ°
һΪʲô˵¡οƵͼ˵Ǯ˾Ͷˣ㿴ңܼҳʲôˣҽ㲻Ҳң
ΪЦСүȥˡ
¥һܵǰ㣬Լ˹ҵǮ£ܲҵŹǵ滹˰ɣ
ǣݼҺεң
ε죬С̽ײδҲûĹнǲ롣
ҽ㣡񣡡
ĴָЦץץԼͷǰԼһӳĵӰĸҲͬˡ绰˵ԼεС㡣ģҴǿӰԸͻأҹ޵ġ
㵽ϲĸ׳⣬һֱס
ϲĸ㲻ǲ׼ҸεҶСйϸĸҲĻ
ô˵ִµˣ
㣬ҵʲôˣ
ݼҡҪϲҲǲԡ
һ̸ϲϲ;ȤܿʺҲֱˬദûʲô
ҸҿССֵҲûʲôôԼ˼ң
ӱʻת׳ʣ㣬ҸǸĸŮ˴СͰֲϣ㲻׸ĸ֮ý֮Եϴͳɣ̸ۼϣ㲻˵Լ𣿾һ׷ϰ壬ɲԶŰ
ȥȥȥǮŲ뵱ϹŶϴͳ
лл㣡֪ˡˬشſ¥㣬Ҳ緹ˡ

Լһ٣緹ԺԭǱε観֮Ϊ̸鿴һŷ˼ҳϴ
ַۡ
Ħʿʫ黭ſʲô룬һľ׵󣬲Ҫġ
С㣬ؼҵĴүˡ
ա
ƽĺһּӿˡ
ؼҴүܣʮ󰲾ꡣǰ걻Ĵ̣״δ游׳ϯ´ᣬڻ϶԰һ飬һչҵ׷ơ
Ϊ⣬ǸĸŵĽᷢӺ룬ŮøǰޣĸŮһʲƲֽܼ߲ɷãԼһԸΪо밲޹ء
嶯³çΪǵľٶԼ澡ʧ˵ǣؼҲһΪЦ
ºܱ׳Ӻһٶ²
ҲˣҲˣκһ˰ۣһµؾдʫǱʾĻƾٶүŻҪϾӹϵ
طϴ棬˼ȽҽԺķϣӼԲͣˡ
үƲѽҵСӴһʱ䣬ȴƵ©ӡ
ԼѸߣвģֲòЭѼҵ½ͷԵһֻ۱һֻȥˡ
̾Щ˰Ѷѷڴſھˡ
Ǿԭⲻ˻ȥ
ܿ˵ѲˡѲ˻ĵĵ
ʱʱؾպҲԹգת־ͰЩͰ
ʱգоС߻߼޵ۣÿˮܰѰˡҪţΰǿȥɫˡ
һţҪ𣿡
ûȤ
Ʋͷд'»'֡һҪĹأ
֣ưŷŵϣͷǶѶţķԸ
ؼҲǻ̻»Աһ󸱻᳤λ֮һ
дʲôƲö֪ĵģﱻӡ
Ϊˣ棬Ȼ£˽ʵʱΪǽѣȷı֮

ҹ˵㣬ò粻һֱŲ֪ĵӣһݾ͵ڴϡ
ӰĹүǴĵˣ
㣡һӴӴϵۿɼľִ٣ɤӣǿﴫƬҺߵǵӰ
ùǿʲôһ³ıֽ߽ȥӰԺӵұɷ˰ɡ
ʲôҰֻҺȥˣεҶСѹû
εһȺû᣿
³ǰ˵绰ǱߵѾͷ˵ҶС㲡ˡ
ˣ
ȻҲܵĽڣָ˼ҾǱǰεĿŸŵ֪ѶˡСƤס㾵ϰһѹֽ߱Ҫҿʲôشţ
ֵ±ˣ棬ȥ޷ĺӡȾļѲһȦȶĵĹװװӣҲȥ
ãȥȥȥһȥ˻Ҳûͽֽϣб¶ûҾϴˡ
Ӱ½ýͷ
鷿ڣϰŵǱ飬һǷؽ泯¿档
հ죬ֻһݷεңףεšΣҸ˸һ·
ȥǵ̴˰СʱʱüЦһ˲ٺôȥ˷ׯһˣʱ䲻ʮӾˡ磬һǸ˾Զýš
½ϵĻƶϣǺεңһýų˵ýз˭ȷŮ˭Զ׼
ĳһʵмε覣
½ҡͷߵ룬εϰˡûͻˡ
ãȥ


8 
﷦ʱڣµİһ˯Ͳ𣬶Ӳ֪Ϊ½Ⱥʱ
ϸ磬ģ£
С£صȥתת⣬˵εҶС㲡ˣС˲Ʒȥ¶ҲҪ֪
е£Ʒ˵͵İɣҽ㳪ĳϷ
־룬ôȥ͹ػˣ˾ٱ⣬ʵѽ⡣
֪ʲôϷֻʴСˡϴɣ緹ȥԺӵ㡣

ڣׯ
Ҳǰǰ˵ģڶε覵ǼҲׯ
¥Ž˿۾ˣ赹裬˵ɡ
ŮˣϰԵתָϵһ԰䣬һԲֻ¥µϷ̨ӡ
̨һһ٣ϵĺ뻨ףүүŶٵԼʮ꣬ŮϷǻ
Ϸܸоǻţֵûšҹ绰ԼܣѪѡôطҲа
үһˣСڳϷⷽ츳ʮ꣬ҪлԵϷӣϸڵĺʦسɴ
ϰ峣
ҲĻء˵ŸıȲ衣
˼ջһ봰ҲϲĨǣżɽ˵ɡ
Ƿţֽϵŷ⻹һ
Σӡ
ܲغŲ裬ĿһûӰ뿪ϰǣǳܱȡ
Ŷȣ˲˸ƵģɢиؿαϣĵЦģɲſڼĻ
һ棬ס̸£ҲһʱؼҸεҲϣεٵȻûؼңȻ缸ܼ˼ҹˡ
׶γͷ˴£۶һ
ָ̧֣ụ̋һСʱҵļޣѾ˶ʮӣ㻹ʮӡ
ֲɴܽŵʣôˣˣ
޹ء
¥µĶϷǻȻֹ
һӴĴүһϲġ
ƿС̨ŶͷԭڵϵүүҲԱߡ
ǮϽү
Ѱȥİ̽һԴϳˣǵ̵ү
ŽŮˡ
ں洩۵һϷ̨ǰСͷ˵ʲôÿŵ֣˴Ķͷּϵļ󣬽үү
СվĨᣬŮ˸мЦЦ
Ů˱Ѿͷ¥ϷҲٶ𡣶ԱȷŰصĵӣϵȷջ˺ܶࡣ
ǲεҵĴС𣿡ϵεķйϵ
ģӦþǱεүӲҴż¶棬ϱεҶС㡪ε˰ɣ
öƺǽүİǣ˼˭˲֪үɫԣﶼ檳ȺˣҲǸĲ˶ֶŵëǸŮˣǰ뻢ڡ
˵ôЩ檣ôģ컯֮𣿡һרעٹעĵ¡
Ҳࡣܱĵ
ү䱼ߴռʱײ˵൹֮׬ЩżҲᣬ»ֻ֡
ǳòһϸҪԲٵĻĵȥɽŵ̫԰һһǧ󡣡
˱ַۣͨʽԼϰ壬㻹жʮӡ
ȴûѣ˵Ҳ֪εҶСֵ١
ڰҵ£簲洵ִĸεҶСһǧ޳У˽Ϣߡ
ؼҵӪҵǰٻ̳εͻӣѾá
˽Ȼ뿴εҺͰҾͬһ
кҲ湲ͬˡֻǸʽͶ룬ҪǺͰڵİһپ٣ֻϵϵ
ǰεϰϣεҶС㵱ˣεҴ˾٣޷ǿڱ
ܡ
Щסˣһߵһ˵Ҽ㣬Ϊ㽲޹ؽҪ¡Ҫּǲˣңͱҷˡ
ϰ԰ꡣ
ܷϿིô໰Ϊʱ䣬̽һ̽Դεҵʵ̬Ⱥ
ʮ»ᣬµĹ°䲼ճм»Ʊѡͬʱ漰µλĴѪųĿܡ֪ͨδʽ´Ŀǰƻ᳤ֻ˽Լ̸λ᳤鳤ˡ
ʵϣƻ᳤ԼĸףϢǽ軨׷
ҳȻֵ÷зӯ죬үҲˣһ֮׻˵úã˵ĵ˾ѡ
ʱİ˼Уε˵ġ߳֡ĺ塣
Էгˡ
޷ĵ۲»һ֣û̻ݱϣϽٵǹ̡
ƱѡڱС
ǰ㣬첲ԽӣĽסڰϵ̻ңΪ
ȵĿⶢòڣһ̣յĲ裬롣ʧ㡣
Żûţһ䣺εһ¥ˡ

үʮɣ˵ֵ׳꣬Ҳ̬ӣͷսϡ衣
ӵűشһñӡΪ˸ñףװҲɽװΪһ̸˲ΪԵ
εСƤ𪣬뱥˪үһһȣŵ˵ǸŮҲΪ
С֪ýȥε˵ýƸ
ү̸ˣֱ˸Ҳû̫ϣûӾԻ˵㸸ף˵ģ顣
ǰûε覣֪ʲôģ⼸εұ˻Լεϵº϶ܳ裬ɫ춯˼
ε˻Լ˵⣬ͽȥϸĸɳȥˣȡ
εձԼ˰ڻϴ۶Ʒ
ǰ֪ԼǱεҵƷó򷽵ġ˵ýţҲû
ⲻڼƻ֮С
εǴ
֮أ㸸׵ͼҲŪˡ˵̸Ŀԡүɫ.еؿò绨ε覣Цӡ
ƹӣһƨ˷εϡ
̸֣ſָҵˣڻ¡ţһ˽Ǯôô׼Ǹò
˵֣ε覵ı
޿̣վȴֲʣվܳ
ү˳§ȥССôүĸζۡԺѽү㵱ɽ
ĸ֮ý֮ԡүȢңա
丸ĸ֮ý֮ԡ
ߵˣɫ֡
ϰ壡
һڵűƿײǽ棬֨֨졣
ͬʱһִֻץүļ磬һֻŤתĸ첲泯ǽغݺݰס
ε覻ѵؿǽվ˫շ쳣ĺΡ
ᡣܳȰ
ү棬ոմӦкҲûϵֱӶ֡
شүүˣĶδ֪ΣյĿ־٣Ҫ˵ûؼҰɣԵ޹ʵش˴
һ£ү˴·ƽС衣
ɿӲ֣үˡ
үǵ͵Ӳ񰲾ڰ죬ЦصĺݽɫܶԶ֮ˮˮ
Ÿ첲ɫģЦϰ壬˭˲֪εҶС㰲ҿϵˣشǼˡǽö˼棬̸ǸεСĻ¡ý֮ԣԸ谡
Ŀǿһ۶۾תε覣ʵ˵ġ
˵ʵε껰ͱϰ壬ˡ
ͣ١
ۣŮĲֻǿɵĺ˸߸ߵ֮¡
侲һ룬֮£θأ
ǣˣǻҶˡֵӣ䵽ε覵ϣɫת˵ӣҲûϴıҪˡ


9 
ı¿ηΣˡײǽԲԵε覡
͸·𿴵Լսˡ
Щڱ˲ٿصУ˵İţΥĵ£˵ΥĵĻٶ඼ϰ˴ݺѪ̡
γ˳ʵӻԼ
Ϊʲô˳֣ԼȴԲԵľܾĺ⣿Ǹ߳ĵļط
޽ݾϻˣ¥ݵ˲̤ùľ¥ݷµĸ֨֨죬ǵľϵˣһңһǱǻֱײ޴ͷš
ߵһ룬һϰ塱
ͣ˽Ų
ûȵ˵ĺģֻһС㡣
ε׷еҪýʱס¾ˤ¥ݵΣˡ
ү״Ҫ֣¥İһ߿
ǰסүʾүѵͬΪŮӣϰεСе֣Ҫǿʵ֮١Ȱһ̡
̣ޣ
ү˿̵һŮͷϣ˶Ӵȥֱܴ衣
εŮ밲ң˶λεС֮ͬģҲֻܵһʱܲһ
ܱ˵ߴӵϼүñӵݸ
үô˼ôҲû˸ڣվһʵƬһǳ˵źϲƣɱҪ˵͸ٶԼıӵֱӰ¿ǼҰٻ̳͸Ƹ᲻úײǲǣⶼģͲˣҲǣ治ȵʯĳһɢˡ
ү֮죬·ñӣȫ޵¥ߣӰѾүȡ֮ٷһ飬ʱһͷݴ񡣡
ԣǺϹϰ궯øʲͶؼϳƽ۰ٻ̳
̳ӳ뵽տҵȫ±عס
ڿҵĵϣͶ˵˼ʣͬ˸ıͷ
̳Ӫҵ£ͷٻɵĿӪ൱ɹۡ
үܵĶԻʶεԼԼһЩ
ϰ壬ҼҶС㣬С£²ٶԣֻ˿Щ
ִε价һֻ̽̽Ķͷ¶ȷǳߣҲ̣ڷա
εץŰ·ϤϢģҲʧȥʶ
ͦ񣬶ˣŪɧˡķǵĳˣһһ߱ε覣ϡ

ġ
ε覷ŽᣬҲ棬һ䡰ЩֱҽԺȥ
ε覴ɫĸۣס˴ѩ׵ĲʽͬҲס۰׵ĸ첲
ҽԺ⣬սε覱˾ˣϰ壬Ķ
ҽԺ㷢ˡ
ҽԺε覺ȻƣҲȥҽԺϰҪô£һؼңԻ˽ҽҿ
ЦȻҶ£εС㻹׷ʲô
ЦһԳ
ԼϿۣıԻѴ̵õ嵱ƮҡαϵҲȫ鷳
ңƿԣӻ߬ֱ׳˵׷ֻ뽫ԭ
˵ĶҲҪ
ۿžҪ߽ҽԺţε򰲾ָɣԴǶģһҧļϡ
³ǰ׷ڳʱһɫͷҲڲׯĴ򶷶ɢˣ࣬סһС
ֹͣǰĿİ䡣ε覱÷
ϰ壬ε覰øίͰ͵һȥ
á

εլԺε밲С
û˵ʲô׻ǳε覣סļ䷿
һ¥¥Ǽ䡣
ֱ˱˷䣬⴫ε绰ҽ
˷ڴϣĿбӣתҪߡֱסԲ𡣸ոҧ㣬һʱ鼱𣿱𣿡
֣ͷҲûص뿪˷䡣
ε壺ͷϰСŮлˡʱ磬ȱΣ
ˣһ¡
εүӵĲ裬ɲܺȵµġû
Խε壬˼ֻҵܶԶСĲǹÿˣ̽
ϰ˵⻰Ǻ⣿εȴȻ֮ɫⲽˣСŮĻ飬Ҳ׿ھܾҵĺ룬˵Ļָ⣿
Լ϶Թ壬Ҳ˵ġĸⳡϵĹϸ޹أһΣһѡ񡣡
˵꣬첽߳εҡ

ʱ֣ͻ䣬̼籩꣬ڡСĴڲϣž徲
˾ȫԱլȫĴʹϣеĵơ
˶֪Сϲ졣
滺֣ϥɳϣë̺
ͼȫעͶ뵽УʷĻ棬ЩӰ֮ȥ
ƶȲ裬ʵ½ϻû𣿡
Сģ½ڣүġպ·ϰڳأˮҲȥϸһҵĴûйʵ
ԭһǰճУһʹáĵڶ죬һ
ûסӵԺҪװ
šȥæɣˣҡ
ǡƹ˳䣬ͼſڴ·үСء
ˡ壬ȥɣһ죬Ҷˡӣƻºüͷͣ˷ҽҲϢ
·ݸļ¥ߡСʱ̸ϲᣬֻҪ㲻ϲҲ˵һ֡
ŽݣļŲ輸ϣ㣬γŪˣת㡣
½ϵļලһȥ޷ĵӺӡȾӣĹǺ͹ԱǶģΪı޷Ķĺγ
ȻҲλγԼڰϵڹĿеΪǣʣòʱʽӳиҵǷˡ
ļѸϣһڰŪİ˵Ҳһ¡
ѵһװģڼҵıװðУԹԡŶ
޷нӽһ̨ʽɴ豸ΪϾɻİȫȸʮ̨»ɡµɴôӹҪ൱ʽ𡣾ɻԵͼСӻȡһʽʱܺ»볧޷νӡ
㣬㶼оˣͰ˼¡
ɴµ˶ۺһ룬ϰĻҲ޵ѹһ½ɰ
ñļд¡Ӣ֣ɴĲɹʵȥһ¡ѧʶ㣬ôƷӪ棬ͷѧЩɣҹ˾ͷͣǵľ֣Сﶼ˺ͬʱװꡣϵϰ壬ʲô˳ʣʡԴ;޲ȾҪ̶ȵ߳
ֶ񣬶ŴЦ콫ҲˣŬ
޷ڻ֪ѾܸˣҲʡ⣬ʡڵȲгݶߣҲʱһЩͻˣȫش򿪸·ٺòʲôµķӣ㾡ܴ󵨳ԣʧҸ㶵ţҪɹˣҲֹ˾
㣡ǧص˵ߵԼ˵һģŹȥðͳˡ
ȡɿһСںȲ裬תƻ⣬Сǰ͸εҶСʶɣͲ˼꣬ѵ޷Ժһͬȥε̽
ֱȥ̽ĶͷԼģºҲûհǰ㻹
Ķôϻݻ·ȥ


10 
յ󣬰һ飬ȰææʲôûæʲôãҲû׷ʡ
תۼȥ˰ʮڡ
ϾΥԲ磬Ͱ˵ã˭ȱϯҪһԷ¡
ɢԵİæÿԲˣƳһйլҴ˯˯Լȣʮһš
ˬļڣģҲȡ
ϣһɫƽʻ½ϿһȣŮ˷·Ρ
쵽ſڣһɫĳӳ½ġ
С㣬εҵĳͣſڡ
ۿȥﲻֹ˾һˡ
˵ͣ
½ϽͣεҳӵǰԶԺ³ȴʵҲˣϳ˾û³ǸˣεҶС㡣
ôһǰһͣţûзԸ½Ҳ²͸⣬¡
ֱӺӴųּĳͣ棬Ҳ˹
½ҡǰĳ̽ͷСôݰֺȾˣ岻˰ɣҷȥ
ţС㣬ϰĳͣǰ棬Ǵкô
εҡͷ̾˳
ǰʱԤУ˻ǰͣǰþûж֤ʵĲ롣
һΣɢ
ֻһΣÿһΣɢ
Ϊ˸ԼıһϣıһδһδӽһδαˣһδģŰս
εС㣬ԭҲˣôղŲȥأүڼҵġ
εٴ̽ͷ԰˵С㣬εС±ء
򿪳ţһɾҲ֮Ʈɢ
ϰ塣ε覵
֪εС㣬Ƿ񷽱һ£
Ƿġε֣ŰҸ첲լߣѽҲӦꣿ
׷ϣС㣬С㣬ʱˣȥˣĿˡ
졣
εСҪ㣬ֱԡ
ûв㣬ϣڻ硣ε򰲾ͺת࣬ڴ˴ҡ
ӷ˻Ҳֻܸż

˽ʱһö±Ե㡣
ԼҽᷳεҶСֹܵЯŽίʵˡ
æѿе±ʣһؿһӭȥ㣬ȿȣôһˣ
Ŀȴڲ輸ϣʢװ±гö±ֻʣöû˵¥ȥ
ƽ꣬ϸ΢ΪϤεС±СһУŪǰŽ㷿ˡ
ε覣үǺ±һһ̣ϰжζƫġ
С֪Ҳϲʳ
ǡ
˵ġֲ廰㣬㲻ǰȥ̽ʱ˵ġ
룡εгԼĸ첲̧žߡ
εգ۾Сֹ˵ҽƤɡˣҺһ塣
⡭ε観ҲǣҲǡ
С˾ͷ۵ëȥƲ裬ͷεСտСһ𣿡Ƹ͵
ǣðɡ
ݺûţɳϡ
»ỹ²ʱ䣬ΪάϵѺ÷Ĺϵȡ֧֣ⲻ˸ֳ̬ľƾַ֡
Ϊ˾ϰ壬Թ˶Կͻ֣Ļģǲò֮¡
ƹֻǲ͹岻ʣθﷸģŻˡ
ϰ塣ſԥòýȥε覸æݣһŰıһӲǡ
˭ġҪƿε覣ס
ϰˣȻҲô˸ղڴ⣬˭˵ҷһ¡
εץò԰ǣֻҪ΢ʹѣûС
ε覺֣ܿȥһ׿ˮڡ
ӣˮǸӵݵˮ½εĿձӡ
θﻹ𣿡

ε覷źӣַذˣȥŰɡ
ɳϵһε覺޷ק˰ſڰϣ°Ҳײ˰Ҽͷ
ƮȵϢһ
˵Ů˺ͼ֮䣬ֻһѡҲͷ˭Ҳ˰ҵ̡ԣıԣʼֺˣ𣿡
εҧ´
ͷʹѣε覿ˣͷйŭϴڡ


ڿڶ±İ֪Լҽֶ˼С˵ʲôʲôֻ֪ε뿪ʱۿۿɼķˡ
ʼ磬Ī
̾һ±кϣĸָ½Ƹպá
ҹһ˰ͰڽԺӡ
ϯǰƺ½׼õյƣС㣬үȷſưɡ갡үյϵףˡ
ڷſƣǰҵĴͳҵĵһ꣬լŵĵһյƣдˡףǳꡱ
ʱûиĿڽа衣
ǣվҲûгꡣ
ÿ궼ֻԼĵдףҳꡱ⼸氲ŵƣȴӲд֡
˵ǰôģëʣд¡ףǸٰŵƴյǰ㣬㿴ҵ鷨ǲкܴ󳤽
٣һֺ֡
ЦЦҲԼĵдͬļ֡
ٰƽؼ˳үֵĵȷȷǰúܶˣأһǾǼҴСдÿ½ϣ裬壬˵ǰɣ
ÿÿ˭Ҳƫֺ̻ǺǵҲմī֭ѽǸСүдһģôд
ãдһģ⼸ֱʻеѡƿ½ϣȤ½ϣǱһ˭дúдÿ졭
ټԺӣûڵǰĻЦ֮١
ȷŷ˿ƣĽ
һյһյƷ죬׺ҹգΪ貵ǣӡ
ϣǣҲǡ㣬㲻ǷʲôǷ裬ҲǷҡ˵˵ţ綸䣬ȫģʩȭţأչҰģѰҵΪС
ϣͷ걻һǣִֻң˵ﻰ𵱶߷簡
漴˿±͵ߣԵ쳢ãζҲ治˼εСһƬ⣬㿴ϣǿɾͶų˰
ֽ̧ӹһˣǳ԰ɡ
Ǻ±ǰƸ˳
ڼҺá
ڼҺãǾʵʵڼ԰ǲ빼ĸ
ͬһʮ꣬ĸİǶɽͬʱҲˮҲκһ˽ɡ
㣬ǲˣ
£Էɡ

ʮʮԲÿʮͨ賿Żء
Ļ賿һңĻҪ糿ˡ
ž¼ã½ϲҵģȴҲΥ׼
ֻβ氲ţȥŷ򣬱תȥ¾ܡ붯ǿүܺʹС֮ΪѣҽӲߴɢԣΨΰǿˡ
ڶ¥߽ǵһ
ʱ̨ϵٳģҲǺӧ
ΰǿһţֻ˰¥Ұ򶼷ɢ¥¿ش
һ˺ʲôƾƣΰǿڣֱӴӰľƱʣһ꣬ͷһشӾﳢζҿǲͿ֬ˣ
ûΰǿĵϷתһӵƣôˣ
𰡣ΪʲôݳðƣϻصĻﵽ˽죬ٲҪ
԰գŤͷſڴ˵ȥϰƯĹҺ;ϰȺȾ𡣡
䣬̨ϺӧݳȻֹ̨˸̨֨ϵ˾þʧ
һΣҶϡ
ֱһ¥ƧƿˤԼ.ģ.ɨˣϰ壬ŮˮƽҲ̫ˣ
һȵ߳žƿָʹүĸС.ƻүˡȥ˴ү̽ŮĹء
ϰæǸѦٳ⣬ǻ˻١
ӧǿү;ϰŵˣɲȥˡ
˳꣺.ĸҷϻû𣿡
治ǡ
һƿˤ顣
ҡҡλ̨ߣָָԼָϰ壺ϰ壬۾˭ʲôȷ
ӧ˳ȴµ˽סվסӧǰɣ֪㣡㣬㣬ǲΰǿŮˣ


11 
¥ϾΰǿֱԼĴҲסˣ԰˵繤ֵλ˶¡Ѧǰйڡͱˣȥƽ
ͷ
ΰǿ¥
һǺ/ϴһǹֶ£ϰսսΪѣλү
ϰ壬ȰԶһ㡣ΰǿҲ˳ƿߵѦǰѦϰ壬ŶԣýѦˡѦţкδͽ̰
Ѧ̧֣ǹԽѲࡣ
ΰǿʾ˸ָʮҲ.ǹΧ
Ѧ̧ͷͦͦţָΰǿϣѲĹϽΧ¾˽˵̡ΰǿҶҶ֣ǹȻ繤ΪС񹤲ҵĿɽҲˣ㹧һѦүü˳۸˵ԲҵĹԹһʹ
⣿˵ΰǿĿѦֱ֣ӰѾƿԴϣԲѦүֻ
Ŀŵþ״˳ȥ
Ѧˡ
ֲͷϵѪһ󣬷˰Ѳǹΰǿƴˣ
̨ϵĺӧҲɵˡ
أʱһֻסߡ
ǹ󣬺ӧͻͻšųʱ䣬ҲѰ£û̬ء
ţɿӧ֣Ż˰ɣг򣬸Ͻ뿪
㲻𣿡
ңȷΰǿİȫߡ˵žҪȥ
ӧץ·ϰ壬̫Σˣ
ΰǿȹҵ
˵䣬һѲӿ˹죬ǹǴﴫġ
æźӧоڷӵ뻳ﰲ£ǽȥˣϽߡȥú˯ѽˡ
ÿﶼô𣿡ӧץŰ·ϰҵĳΪʲô
üͷÿΪӧ裬εС㣬Ϊʲô
صݱҴӧ巴ûôˡ
Σûʱ̫ࣺϰ壬ľ֮кܶ෽ʽպ𣿡
ҲգͲнĵλֽһưȥ
ӧҲε覣Ŵ˵ͷ֪һǴԼֻǰۣ˻ư

Сʱȥָƽ
Ѳ¾޼Ѧ̧ȥҽԺΰǿȻڵǵڻ¼˵İ֮ء
˵հģҪ߾ߵøɴ㣬ֻʲôôʬ𣿡
ʬֲҡΰǿҵһǹ˰ɣ
ΰǿŭغʲô㻹𣡾㻹⼸ϻǮҲˡˣ㲻Ƿңһ㣬ΰǿĸԸңҶֵܵĽ
Ű˳ͻȻһӰӲԶӣ¾ĵ־ǹס
ΰǿŭʲôˣ͸ҹ
ǿүǺӧ
ûߣ
εؿڣץʱ䡣
ǰӧѪİ˫۴ԭء
üֻǼһǹˡٲϳǿ߲ܶˡ
ӧסˮϳ
ֵǿүǷֿߡһ˸ҿĶߡ
áӧҾͽˡϣǸˡΰǿͷϿɰ˵ԷҪ׷ص׷ҲԼ

ǰʵϰ壬Ķ
ҲУùݲС
ӧżſǻǶУҪҪˣ
áϰ塱ֱˡ
Ӻӧ԰˵ԶһҲ۵Ҫġ
ӧɴס˴룬Ȼı飬ؼΪʲôߣ
Ҿֲҵ˭ΪʲôҪĻ˵ˣӦ֮߰ɡ˿ڣҰ㰴šӧҲѪҲŪ·¡
ԸѪϰΪʲôҲϣаڡ
ʮҲһȵùһӧסļ磬סǹ˿ڡ
ҵܵô
̫㡣ϰ壬ж㣬Լ֪𣿡
֪ˡ
Ըиҵ·˵ĻʽޣܶܶࡣӺӧһ򵥵ġ㡱Īĸеġ
쳣˳κӧ§ţӧɢĶеζȴ˿ڵʹ
СЩģЪһҵ˵طҡ
šӧһˣֱͦؽԴԼļͷ

ŮʿѾ°ֻ࣬һʮҽڡ
ʮӣҲˡ
ǹ˲
˾ֲȡ.Ĺ̺˳ӧҩĲɣ鷳ҽ˵ϸЩ
˿ڣӧ˺üβŸȥ޷һжۡ
ǰò˵ʹһʹٱǧ
ϰ壬
ʣȴʲڡ
˿ڣһʿɹ۵ǮΪڷѡ
˵绰˵£ء
ӧĹǣΪǽѵϰңһطȥ
ָ·ɡ

˺ӧ˵Ŀĵأ԰˵ˡûˣ¾ǿүŰɡ
Ǹˣϰ屣ءҿߣɾٿȥҷ
ƾɵϳ棬ݣľУ߹µӡǡ
ͰƽȰڵ³̫࣬ƶߵò١
ӧŰߡ
ʣģ
޷ǧСưܵĵطϵһ
ȻܳǧС㲻ᱻĸ䵽Ůᱻү檣ҹϳ
Ҽҡ
ңεʲô
ǲҼҡ
ʧ޵ĵͰǰӧֿ̧ľţ̣ңš
ɫӧĸѹʣһҵĿͷ֣ǲ뱻˷֣ʵʱ͵ײŮ˻
ŵĸ˷̴棬ȴʲôû˵
̣Ūˮ˽ҡӧŰһСķ䣬˴ªίϰˡ
£ʱһЩ両֣ҺСʱҲסʪķӡ
ʮ걻ġ
ʮ֮ǰסϳƬԸȫӡ󣬵ĸ˵һı˵ĸ硣
ҳߣĸŮΪĸ׵˸׾꣬ͳɼʮڵĺһ켴ʮˡ
һ꽻ӵҹʱĸײಡ齶գѧ˰ҩһһڵιĸ׺һɬҩ֭
ϣĸ뻳߳С˯
ֱҹһѣҲ˯š³ĸףһţȴĸ׵ԽԽ
˼˻ĸ׵壬ſĸǰû˺û£ûʶĸ׳ˡ
ðŴ꣬ھӵķš
֮󣬹һ˵Ҫȥֻܺ޸ĸĺǽ鵱ͯ
ʮŮڣΪ˶ǲĿ⣬Ϊ˲ɫ֮ͽֶţҲΪ˸ɻ㣬Ӵ˼ͷԼ˼Сӡ
ӺѰ˺ܶ࣬˺ܶˣܹ˵ת۵㡣
Եɺ֮£ʮڰҹ⣬˷ƴİĸм֡
ǵˣձ˷ʯͷҵġ
ʱİҵ𲽽׶Σ˲࣬ҲʱʱһЩͯЩ֪޸ĸĸסڳʦѧͽ
ö֮ԱбعƷʣĸͰͶԵ
һԷ𡣱ʽΪ
ûȵģӧҲûʲôױ̨ǰȡɴҲ˺αװªĶ
ӹ﷭ҳһ޿ڴϣ·ȫѪȻҰϴˣɺ첹һٴɡ
ӧڴߣͰ棺ϰûʲô˵ʵģ
лл
εǺӧε統죬뵽ˡ
ȥţҲΪ֤챧źӧϳ󣬱ȷɡ
ҲΪʲôε覵̬ʱʱãΪӧΪε覡
ÿ˶ݵܣǲ׵ĹȥԼУƼˡ
ܣҵġ˰̣Ҳ˺ġ
ֱ˺ӧαװӧε覺϶Ϊһôԣεסڱϳסڻ⣬޹ؽҪˡ
Ҫǣεˡ
֪ܲǣŮˡ


12 
㲻ʣҾԼ˵ɡε覽Լ򰲾
ε廹û¸ǰʶĸףĸװͰг׬Ǯȥ⡣ľף޷ǾСгɾͺΪøߣȢȨǧκֻһŮ˾ҵŮƭӡźǣŮµҲŮҪĶӣٴ¸ŮͺӡŲʮżȻ䷢СŮӣǿɫ˵ĺӣûԺ͸Ů˽ס˳ŵСŮȥνǧǸŮưͣҲ뿪ϳһСŮ
ľ뱧һε覣ΪԼͬ飬
ε覵ıͬܡԼǰŮĸʱ缺δ
Ĵ̣ʴϻ۵İ˰ҵһ֡
ε覵ļ¿ɫֱ̫ˡ
ĸףγƺ
ϰһ̰ɡ
ԭոλ̾ε覵ĸס֮飬ȴҲʵĻο

ˡ
̱ˮţε޿㣬˰ߡ
߽һΪ谵խĿռһ˵ľͰװڵˮ
εˮ£¶Ⱥʣϰɡ·ҷڼˣϴٽҡ
ݣֱ˵ľͰ˵˳㿴һԼϴ𣿡
밲¶ҹĻ棬ε覾պ˶䡣
㣬ңҡ
ġֽ¿ۣҲѾͷźС㣬Ѿͷ¡
εĹĵش˵ָӣҪǿҲŮ˵ķϣҲù಻࣬ϴϴ
һαεףԾСû뵽ƽ硢һ͵εС㻹ô׵һ档
ôҡε覵ͷ䣬ӡ
ţҺʲôãüյε覶ߣߣɺã
ε覵ͷøˣԹ˵Ķԣ㻹ûһŮ˵ӣԼүˣ
ȴͻȻݣҲȰԼүЩ˾͸ҷҶҶͬ죬ҵƴȫҲҪסġ
ǿʳʱֻԼǿ󣬲ܵõ˵غŷ
Ȼһ·ܲɣЩ顢ջԶԶԭڴ
ǸҰģʵϲûҰĵŮˡ
ε覰ʱһӲ.
ǡ
һ-ǹ
ȡ֮űز٣պáͷ.Ĳ.ǹ߻𡣡
-ǹε覣ھԵΣڱ¶㡣
εҲ-ǹε覼ġ
մ̼ǹսˣȷѪ괳ˣϵǹˣҲĿˡ
аĸûʲôŵˡ
-ǹΣƷҲõĶǲģϧ
ܻͱ
仰˵ԼҲ˵εġ
һγ///վεǰûаɬΪߵǸˣҿ
ľͰ¶Դ첲ľͰأˮؿڡ
ڼżҲźԡްĦεǸСãоΪ
εĽΪŮижΪ˰ңŮ˸еҸ밲ֵ㸶εңʲôǣʲô䡣
εһܵǮ׬Ǯ˺̲ãТؿɼΣ֮ʱʩԮ֣塣
ץסֻΪԼú󾱵֣תͷε覣û˱ҸܻһЩҸһҡ
ε覱ӷᣬûʲô
棬Ӱӣ棬δ顣
ʪӸڰͷϣԼĴͷҲˣģҲҪϴһ¡
ÿ춼ϴĺðɡ
Ҷε覰סļ磬Сˡ
úúãҲ
˵Ҳ֣£εӲõĶģԽԽñŤͲڡ
䵱ε覵ָɱıʱ.УϴҲ
ڵòεȳȥԼʹֲǰ

һǰһϴϻص䣬ε覸ͷְҴñǣҾڸڣʲô½ҾУ
ĳס󣺡£Ҷˡ

кܳһʱûԶˣε𣿡
ͷԡ
ɡģεЦھϰˡɰһ棬һ˭ܿġ
ʮӺε覶һûʲôõʳģҲû⣬˷Ũ㿴ϲθڡ
ֽӣڡ˼ˡ
úţ𶯵˿ڡι԰ɡ
εһһιζô᲻᣿᲻̣
̶ǡô
ε覻һЦСӣóԾͳ꣬˷ѡ
һƽƽԳɽ亣ζУһ߳棬һ߻գŴ۾ε覣ε覶ÿҿһۡ
һ꣬εӸգʲô
㡭Ƶĺù

ε˳һѰߡӴһŸ첲󵹣ŪΪԼûûأʧ˰˿ڡ
æʣû°ɣ
£̫ˣİĵطҪˮϲ˿ڸȾˣô죿
εʵҲİƣ룬˳Ļ̽ԵʣҸ˯𣿡
ԡ
šɺã˯棬ȥʰ£

Ķǣεһܡ࣬ǰһĽٺ
˲ڲĴϣۣȴ˯š
£ε֪𣿡
֪Ҳ˵ϻȥֻΪ˶һõĹߡüֵò壬֮⻹ʲô裬νŮѧԺѧĶ⣬һʼûи¡
ָĵһĿꣿ޷ڹȥļεûбȡɫˡ
ʲôش𣿡εת򰲾
Ҳˡ˯ɡ
ʳڵ˲䣬ͺˡε覻ش𡰲ǡҲشǡ
ǡĻ̲ص֮⣬εѾˡáˡǡĻָôǶ԰ε覶޺ģ
׿ڳŵԼϲ˽飬Ҳ׿ε覵Ļ飬γ
ɵڲ¥ε覼пܱεүʱε覱̣Բɿȥ̽¡
εε覣εε塣޹ε覲Ϊ׻ծ
Ķε飬εҲ԰⣬ε覼˰ң򰲼ңٰﰲúụ́ǲǾܽԴϲأ
ε覼˵ع֮ǰѧͼĸ⣬ҳš֮ǰҲӲҼ͡ŮѧԺڼõļݣʶҵ˲ࡣЩֻÿ׼ĸСסգ֪ҵ̨󣬷˵ʱܵûôˡǰͲѧЩź˵ĺֶΣΪһܹס˵ŮˣΪá
ɴ˿ĸǣֻĸ׸ͬʱҪЮǡ
ˣεຣͰ̸ۼޣεƿأػٶദ
һεվ飬Ͷϣżأ
Σϱ
ͿԵ𣿡
εĻط˰˵˰ɾϰ壬ңҸʲҲٱһλ顣ᣬүݼСܺģºԼ˵ӰҲû˵
˵ԼҲˡ
ɲǾϰΪϰ壬ҸͬˮҲһˣҵɣͲˡ
εԸʶ޸үֶ֮˵С𣿡
ȻأεԳЦ޸үҲûʲôáԸΪݵޣԸӭȢҽԸⵥΪðһСԺӡ
˵ˡ
̧֣ںڰε覵Сۣ˳¸ֱϣ֪㣬ҾͲֹˡ
ε覱ǰδе򶯣һᣬ˲ӿ˳
סתڰļϳ
Ҳ֪֪ӧҲᱻ񡭡
ɵѾͷʹ̧֣ĸε覵ļ米ҵֻε壬㡣ֹ飬һҲΪڶĸ鲢ǳʵ⡣
š׵ġ
ôˡ㲻ǰһҲиõˡ
ɡεʲôõˣֹסᣬϰ壬һ⡣
˵
Ϊʲôôϲҵࡶ佭ϡӣ
ʱҵĸʱϲ߳˯Ҳ˵Ƕû㵯úáֻ㵯ġ佭ϡҵĸףʱڣΪĿֹ⾰
һܰ㡣ֹõĻ䡣
šֵ꣬ԲΪ˵ЩĻ


13 
Ȱһһѿա
ЩӲѵҲ봷һ˯ʹʹ
֨ε覣ôˣ
üۡҰһ¡Ҹоˡ
Ҳǣϰ˯ôӲĴ
ġ̸ġ˵ĹϵƺǢ׽ࡣ
εʮȻǰ֣վڴ߰ﰲһӣͷ̫˰ˣһתȥ
޳ָ.Ũܵĺڷ֮Уôϵһ־Ҳˡ
̧֣ץסε覵󡣻ûʹεͷˣҰһ¡
ɿԼͷ϶ô⶯ͷģεǵһ
һɣһǡòõأ֮
أһͬסˡ
˺һſڵֱ۵ˣָôˣʶһλҽǶϺõȥҩһ˼ң͸ȥڲ¥Ҵ³Щû˿ѿɣ
ûСŹ֣ʮ죬˿ѾˣҲͲʹˡ
ָһؿţôصˣεΪ𣿡
ȻûбǱִ󣬵˶ӴǧںסһҹͱӻȥˡϺķ˲ҵãءȥһ˼䣬ҲҽΪҽΡ
ǳģȴεԼ֮֡ԴھΣתƻ緹ʲô
дб
緹εѰݺӣСӱϴ·ôƯйŮˣȴء
ûѡҲı䲻ˡ
ɺ޵ǣ˾ҲɲԼ
̣ϴɡڴ˴ӧԶݣֻ̡ܺ
ε覲֣֣εƿ˸ƣָָӱߺţϴ·˻ԽԽ࣬ҪϿȥ
ֲ
εۻأһֻ̤ţǡײѰ˵İͷ˰ıӡ
Լıӣ̧ε覵Ķͷˮ䣬ú̱ϴˣҴǮУüµˡ
εҡͷϳûʺ·
ݵε覽ϴˣϵ״ӹȡ·ϴˡ
ס봩ε覰·˻˫ֶϡ
һã׽סε覵֣ҿ˿ڡ
ε覽մģһصĻɫ·ĳۡϸСˣ˺ˡ
뿴ģ첲ϵǵ˿ڡ
ԥƬ̣ε覵͵͵Ӧáʼ̿ۡ
.Ҽڰǰ΢ðܿ۰ϳªİɫİ̺ۡ
ǵ̣ôͻأĿΧļ롣
סָ.ᴥģҶ취õҩȥ
̺ڵλãļ۾ͻ¶һŮ˵һ˿νۣ
¡Ϊ̶ɥʧ˼ֵǲý𣿡εҡҡͷһһϡ
ױ̨ǰͷɴϰĶãİ˵ҪȥһˣشһСʱ
ôáȥʲôȥ
áˡ
СˣްϳӵģһСҲġ
ϰ壬ԱҵĲǡ
ε覻Ʋ°Լˡû߳ףһгͣǰ
Сȥδ˳·һ̰ĺҸջǮ·ģǮҲ·
ԩҡ
ε̾˺ץס·˵·
賿¹һ꣬·δ͸
ķε覶ߴ˫ץһЩҲ˰ıϣδйİĺʡ
·ǰﳵԼˣӦ߲ϼֵǸӢۣΪڷ絲꣬Ϊܲ

˽·ܳһ㣬ٳһ㣬ͷյ㡣
Σ쿴Ҳ

˵ضҲŷӦ԰ĵ̣
԰ҲϺ֮һ¾֮λͷݡ
εţֻǸСķֹݡңȥȥͻء
֣̫Σˡ
԰ǿǳ̶ѨεŴСȥñ̻ˣ
εûͷɴסĴܶˡ
ԥѡ˷֣ϾǺӧͺ̵ãҵ㡣
ưܲϳʽĺӧ¸ңǿǿ̡Լһ˶ûҲû롣
Լ֮ǰҲô
ε̽ѵġÿһض˫ǮǲԸ԰ȥɧĸס
ӧ𱣻Ǽˣ⼸ɲСආļĿɫε覵ǰ
ǼۣԲҽʹô࣬Ҹ٣ε覺Ժ
ʵҲԲô鷳СආѴŻεµıѣҿԲգֻҪӧһҲжϵһأòÿҪҪǣ幻
Сආ˳ε覵ֱ°ͣͱšˡ
ˣȻֻǰˡ/ձǵϵĹأ⡣ǮԣС
.ģ˭˭԰̶
һȭСආϣ²
εɫá
԰˹
ѲڣûЯ.ǹһ߿Сආε覾Ϳܣˡ
/СܣıûУֵĹƾѾˡ
ֶԸ̾Сආһڻ£ڵ˲ֹһñ޸֮ε覡
ҲԼ嶯ˡ
Ǯ¾Ͳ¡
ۿܲεƽһխӣﵲסñ𶯣˵
Լǰ԰ˡ
һĵʮֳϻ˲ʡ
ҿСֵܼʱ֣Ҳ˲ս󣬻սܿ
Ͳ󣬲ʮ꣬ΰǿ࣬»鿿ףҳϣΰǿΣԲиŰȫ
ϴӰε観ţԶԶĸ
ϰ壬ðɣ
ļ磺㡣
ǿүҳһ٣ھϰذǰžϰ塣ͷעĿ
šҲЩ˰ȥǱ߶ҡ
ǰˣ˵Ǳʵ˵Ψ²ңԽԽдţԽԽпͷ
ǹսĶС϶Ҫϱġ
ȻûǹˣֻǳΰǿһǹϾֳ
бϣԼ϶ǲġ
֣ñ׵
ϰģǿүѴ׵ϰ䲻ŶŹ¼С
Ź
ðɣȷǺ/硣
ۻȥε覣ûˡ㵣ˣǸ
ε覶Ѻ棬һʼ嶯ǣʱһһţȫǶĵǡ
ץסվ𣬿ϹҲʣͷˡ˦첽ȥķߡ
Ͱ
ãȻɶҲ˵ɶҲʡһҹδӧ͸Ҹϰ˦ɫˣҾϰΣ
ΰǿȻҲʶ˰꣬ʱ첻µز£˵һľϰ屻һСŪ㷲ģ
˵ĺӧҲˣ

ݺε覴ˮϴ˿ڣһ飬ǹҲѪˡ
·⿪
ףӡ
ϰ壬󣬱𶯲ȥƴ
ε˵ʱȾŨŨıСȡ±ҩ²ϸɾı
ҹҽ̹ôҩղŲ޴롣
һ·ãùεĸɾΪֲ첲
ְϸÿᵯ٣ñЩ¡
˸첲ε覵˫ģ۽δɵĨȥÿ˵ܽΨжϧ
ε̰ůȴֳС
ϰʶҶã֪ҲǶˣ
ƶǷֵġεһСèĵˣǶأ
ϰ塭
ꡣֹ˵ԷƱĻãԺңʲôѣֻҪҿڣҶ㡣һԣ׷ˣ
ˣáƺεûɵĲģŤͷߵ


14 
ҹӰε覻ظڷļҡ
ε覿ſһ˵Ϸڣο̲£԰Ǳߣǿү˴ˣ¾ְб̣ǲ鷳
εջĿ⣺ε·ΪϳһݰӣԼģϽְ̯бǮ
Ҳǣɫϼѣһ޿Ůסֵطױ۸
ĸŮ˵үòȴҪҴţ
Ƿ̡
žͱȥˡԺÿ£һ˸԰ǮȥָǱѡ
εȻĻʵϰĴ£Ҫô
֪ΪΣε覵ʾ䣬ðǹսҹʱΰǿܻԼ˵ĹǷ
հ᣿
ˡ
ȻͼװɣεҲãӧҲգֻΪһ˳赯
᲻һЩ
εףллϰ塣
ЦȴЦ￴Ŀġ

ε覻˼ңԶԶؿԺӣð·
һصңͿڲ֪ʱðһܸǰǰһֵϸˣ
Լǵð˵Ǳĸѧĸ٣
㣡ӭȥϻδȫ˵ĺע⣬̸⻹ܵģ˵˭ɵģȥˣ
֦ȭʧˡ⼸Ҳڣʲôң
֪żȭϰߣҲŽɣû׷ʡ
ҵûУ绰ĵСγ˵㱨ϰ淽ǵôˡ
һȥ޷ĳǰҵ˳ļ̳ˣ˾Ҫϡ
㣬Ҳǰҵˡÿһ̸۵⣬ʹùģ˾ǰֽģҪˣ˵ȥ
ðǹ֮£˻Ȫһ˵Ҫж಻Т첻ҵ
㣬㣬ҴˣϴĹϡ˫ֺʮ˰ݣҽпģ֮ԣүȥ
Ҳ飬ܴǲ˲㰲ҵһ룬һҽ飬˺ӡϼ˻ô
Բ𣬽㣬Ҳ֪԰Эȥ
Ůݴʲôܡ
ͨԼıڰվȽŸԼǰͳѪԹˣҲȨնͱˡ
οﻹһ԰ϵ岮Ƕ
ô˵Ҳհ
˻飬Ů˼޷ӷ򣬷Ĵͳδȫǰͷܻ˷ա
ֻǰϲϿɣԼҲܿܡ
ڡգĻһ⣬ұ˹ػִӰӹҵ󣬾ʹӲļƻˡ
Ҫˡ
źϰ̸⣬ȷҲԽԽˡ
˽㣬ǸҺԼȥ硶꡷ȡ꣬ҿ硣
ֿϻˣ
¥ĽŲͷÿ𣿡

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£ӦҲϲϲĶɣ
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ˣ˵ȥŮѧԺѧԺ̵Щ硭
ε覵ֶ˼֡
ε覺ӵͬ䣬סͬĸ̼ͥͬѧԺȴ֮
꣬ǺҲգһȥͼʡ
ޱȾȵؿŰûɣ㻹ҽҽɴЩ秵ĶȷȥԺ˯ģ
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ԼԼ壬ҵ壿
˵أ
ãԼ˵˵ʲôԣȥ绰
¥֪Ťͷ¥Ϻ԰㣬ҴĽ̤˼𣿡
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¥һϯðĿɿڴݵģɲε覣תҲ̫ˡ

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ε覽ĵ绰ʱεͷ˶ڿ
绰εʵԼ㿴Ϸ
š
Ȼĺ̸ɣǿεѾؾүѧ۽翪˼뿪ţ㣬һţװȥԼ÷˴ȥϸʽµġ
ǡεĴñϥҲΪ
أ˵εģûлͷ·ߣҲûкҩɳԡ
ֻӲͷƤģȥε¡£ΥԼʵԸ
ÿһ·ÿһѡ񣬶ҪӦĴۡеʧϲԵ޹ʵڱûа׳԰׺ȵʢ硣
һԼΡ
ΪѹӭĽ׵Ԩ

Ժ⣬վֱͦԶȺϳε覡
ε覵ȻҲһ۾Ϳ˰ֲ֪ȸԾ
δ¶Ե˵͵ɣ˾Ȼȥ
⣺С㣬ӦھԺ㡣
ء
С㡭
˵˲ءεЩżżȥǸˡ
ŶǺðɡ̫ŶȻҪˡĵǲ޵
ΪźλСһ
һգһɫװɫѥͷҲ˸Сβε覴˰ɫҶ߳£׸ӳȹСװ
վһ䡣
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ûȶãҲûٵѾͷ㻹߼ҺýǶȺ󺰵㣬ãλŮߡ
ǵϺԺǵϦӳ¸ġ
ſˮһεװԵԼ˵ӡ
㲻Ÿɶ
ϰ壿
ε¶ɫỽһϲԼԵû겻ֹ򶨵ģ
ε覵̧ͷĿײ˸š
ǳǳЦڱ˴˵Ⱦ˭ûٽôţɫͽҲһһ˶ԷЦ
ȣ¾á˲伴㡣

ŸβһЦźͰƴк
Ȼε覵֣覣þòһжðɣ㸸׵ϣҶû˵˵
εòر΢Цһжá
ת򰲾ؾ˸ϰεϣҰҹܵýƵҶûҸϻ㣬ܺͰһ𣿡
Ц㶼ˣңԸãƷãÿʣһȻ
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ûС
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ָµͷٵˣ㣬㻹Ǹ
ִͷ°һ۰˵䣬Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ˰ɣ
УСٴξָӵվȥҸաԣǸλãվˣվֱҿӡ

Ʊڲͬĸ˵λҲûһµλðţε覰ţм俿
ȥ󣬰ԭε覸һģεŰ˵밤
⵹ǳˡ
㣬Ҹȥλˣţλŵġ
áͷ
һղε覾ͱˡҵλ˰ţû˿ڴֵķΧ
ģɼˣǧ޴˵
缴ǰһ仹粻˵ĻεҲҽ㣬һЩ
ε覽в㡱֡ⳡԼᡱӵĵ绰֪ǰΪ֮
ʣˡЩ𣿡
ţˡ
ƽﲻɾ˶ܺȾƣϴʱҲҪע⡣Щڷֱ˵ġ
ã֪ˡЦŸε覵ֱһϧġ
ֱץţε覽ẉ̂ٶȶӿЩڴ֮ǰûκ˵ĴйַӦ

Ǹ硣Ĳģˡ
εܳأն̨µĻָӡǡ
תͷůס֣ƽĲīͺұдĹ£ص档
εηס˰֣šĵ¶ȣҲÿһ
򴽻ҵṳ̂εҴţ᲻ñɣҲεŮⱲӶԵʶ
ɢ
ߵòˣŵεӵ뻳Уḧ˿
֪ҲִеģͲˡ
Ҫֹ֪ǲ硣
ε±飬ԼҲ컯Ūˣϰ壬̫á
˭þͶ˭áҲ㹲ѹˣ֮׿Ҳ㵱ÿģ㡭
ңҪ㡣ε밲Ļ


15 
뿪Ժԭȥߵһ٣ȥѰֱСԡ
ε覣ҹﻶعţƣÿ𣿻ӣ֧ӡ
ǿģҲģϲҽˡ
εԭһ֧ľһ˵ͷ˻ȥ
㣬ȥԲɣԲԲůθءѡһԶְε覷µ֧ľлл㣬ǾҪ
ǮԼպöȴľ˰Ī֣ϲ׽һЩͺ
˶ҹ˻ư»ؼң½ϿͰε覡
һ·ϣεأδ˵ֻƬ
ֱεҴӳŸſڰϣԲҲ֪Լôˡ
ֻΪ״̬ѶھΣҲδ룬ľ䷢С
ûϵҳʮ꣬ǰСãԣƢҲ㡣ȻҲԺҽܣͿһޣء
εûпޡ
öˣʵᡣڰǰȴؿ˺üء
εңûʸûʸԣûʸƢεңĻ𱸡
ʮΨһһˡ
ǸŮˡ
ԼҲŮˡأ
ҲˣүͶϵģ¡ε鱯ݵϺ춼Ѿźˣûôõܼ밲ҡ
¡
ε覴򿪳ţϰ壬ллһȥɡ
סλĽһԲεҩУţ첲ϵİ̺۴ÿһء
֪ˣллϰ塣ԼҲҪǵòҩУͷҲص˳

εҡ
ŵ㣬εһţվڶ¥εʵĳ˭ģ
ǿҵѹȸԼ˵ϰ廹ү
ε˻ѣү
үոݼС˽¼棬ÿԼװ仨ˮ飬ȥǰңȡͬ顣
ǣл㡣һĻ밲ദˡ
ԽͰӴ԰Ρ
ϰϽܵḺ́еľٲά̫࣬ںӧݣø治֪ûϲңǶԷı㣿
εΪԼ˳ƿȫֻ֣ŲᲽƣƵ
εû˯һİȾ
Լķ䣬ʱ࿴˼һûʸ䡣
ˣ򱻴
ҹںڰж˿ڣʹ˲ܰζШٵֹˮ
ֹˣֻˡ
ΪڼʱС¹ײø⻶죬ɾ

ҡ
ڿȲ裬ȵ˰»ؼңһȥһֻҪʮӣȴ˽Сʱ˵ɣ;ȥĶˣʲôˣ
ϹЦϰʢҽ˻㣬ǳˡ
Ҳ֪Լǳˣ˾ҪɼҵҲԣѧŴⲢͻ
̻壡վֱһ񣬡ϰԼȥϰ
ͬʮ꣬ԼҽӲֱָƣĺһ壬´󼪡
˽ⰲ᲻˽ⰲ
ʱգûԼɹɣֺУɽաҪ˵־͵ûҵ
Ҷףѽȫˡֿʼˣסĸ첲Ͽһ£㣬ǼĶ⼸ˣͷҾȥλǰϴ
ٸҴơԴˣ
¹Ҷʮʮ꣬ڽǰҾǳĺӡ
İܣʵأ
ͷ¾Ҫȥ統ˣ
ү£ģˣǰһƲˡ
㣡⻰ᣡ㲻ҲͦϲµϰݷҲദҾðɣһҲ޷
ӣ
ԼΪ˶óüȥ⣬÷飬ԧʵ
һεô죿ѲðȢˣ
Ƭǵóϴ˸ҡ
˵ģǰھԺϦ£ץĵε覵Ƭ
һҾ֪ҪʡǷ飬֪֪ûѾ˵ˣø㡣
¥˿ʱ䣬쵽ʮ㡣
ͨݼҵĺ룺ϰ壬ҹŶͻѸķͬ˵¡
ϰү뷨ղŰֺ˵˺Щڹѧ˼·ҾӪ湫˾棡øлϰ̸ˣĳǳš
绰ʵĿģȷϰǷԡ

ûգյֻܲܵĸ壬ᣬģǰٻ̳Ϊ¿ҵƶٰľƻ
Ϊ׼Ķһݣ滹صرЩϰвٶ»ᵥλ
ǹؼʱڣƱѡսΣҪøϰ֧֣Ƹܻ˵绰˵ʱӦ
ƻᵱգͷɫñŮʽ׳£/Ⱥ㣬ŲȰɫ߸Ьİһ볡Ϳϲ⡣
֮ڴŴ¹ҲӲʩ
ǿӲˣ˭¹죬ȫûҪԼΪŮĳЩơ
ɷѿģΪЩϰŵͽģǰһܸá˵Щ
һ㣬Ǵεϡ򡱳ġ
ϰ壬⡭ӭǰ漸˵ΪСҲ̫ˡ
лү
̸£λպһĳˣȤʶһ£Ƕģżɽ˸նȥ˳̧ԼҸ첲
ˣ곡Ϸˡ
ֹ̧ܵĸ첲ճ⣬̣ҿϷڴˡ
ףĶռϰıˡ޷ĳ⣬мңٻ̳ͶˣӦԲдʿȣܽλ
պǢ̸죬Ҳɹ뵽λȥϹ̽ãһ
󣬰̼һһкܶҡ
̸䣬Զ׷ֵСӣﶼװ˹֭ıӡ
ǰǸкͷŮʱСײɫĳ֭õ˰·ϡ
ʪһƬҲо⡣
ܣˤˡ
ûг庢ӷѣƻģļСŪ·С¶ŰҲСӷƢ
ú뿪ڰϣʪˣȴš֪϶Ҳ봩ҵ·ȥȵҰ칫ЪϢ˸һ·ȥ
ʱε֪Ķð˳˵ܾٶζЦϰҪүǰ½ˡ
鲻ãŮˡ족䴦εּ̱ĸ˳⡣
εվĲ棬Ҳû֮棬Ťͷߡ
ȴε˵覣ҲƼ˰ɣ⾵ϰ岻үĻ£ɲΪǼһڻȣ˼Ҫؼ
ֹתε͸ε覣ĿүεҵλСҲˡ
Ҳµģôεˣ
εԼϰɱүֻڸм磬СܴҺ覹Ѱ˶ѡ˼˶λˡ˵ҿã˿ϣϰһ·ٶ˵Եϻؿɰүòᣬƫ˻䵽εͷϣûԵװһɧúܡ
˵ֶε覲͵߰㻹ָ˼λϰж㰭۰µġ
֮£εҸ˰һġ
䰲ڣ곤һ꣬¿ɲû˻飬ڰǰǳ飬Ĳڰһеʵһó԰˵ıɽ
붼Ϣ
ڰңӵоԵĻȨһүȢẉ̂ǸʳǵĻƿ衣
תε̧ḧС棬ɷĵڶС
ε覾ûôͥŲˡʱԶԶ鸴ӵĵͷֱεѵ⣬̧
ǵĿ⣬İֲİ
˽ദʱԼġӧֵðһ˿ɴ˿εվһǲ۲۵εˣɫ
εֻܣȴ뿪ǰòسӯӯʩˡ


16 
ûȥܰ칫һ·Ҫȥ˵Ĺϵ͸˵ˣɲ뱻˲׽ӰͶȥ統š
鷳үȥһҵ˾½ϣҵ·ýǡ½һֱͷסߡ
áĹǣδǿ󡣽ҹ밲׽֪㡣
ƻ⣬εҲԼľ¥ΪμƫƫᰲҷꣿæӦ꣬Ͼϸ롣
ƻɢˣ˳ſƳ
󷹵
ھͻ𣿡½ʡ
Ȼ
½ǰĲ½ϳ뿪
ֱεһҺεһҳԭֻε覺һʶˡ
ε覴ŵͼ׸ϣεƿˡ
ﲻͣ˵ʲôʱϵĶҲ̽봥ε覵Ķε覱ܿˡ
СͷһСγʻ
ȥ
ǣС㡣½
ܿĻ棬ȻҲܿԼҴСٳٲߵԭѲ˸.ŲʮԸֱͲŽСγǰ档
½ϻͷһۣõ˰һͷ
ѯʣεС㣬Ҫһ𣿡
ε覿˿ųĺԼܿӰ½ʳ仰ͱضǰ˼
ԼֲҶֿţطʣ𣿡
Ȼõظ½³ε覴˺š
С㣡ӵܻסε覵󣬳½ԴǲƵгԻͶСؼң˭
үſҡ
½ϲȷԼСǷԸⱩ¶ݣһ䡰޿ɷ桱ͼ˳
ֵĳͷ˵вߣִ˸߸Ьȡү߳ͷ
û֡үϡ
㣬ǡүˣϵðɱˣ˿˲֪ٻء
үǾ°ˣ¾ԹͷԹͷΰǿŵˣҹȻ֮
ֻ㬵֣ԭǾϰ塣ϰεҵĻ飬ȫ֪£εϰҪСңͶСؼңҲǾεϰɡϰ˾٣ˡĳ⡣
εֻ˼ۣҹϵΪãļ磺һʱһʱýãү㱨𣿡
Ϣε覰ޱȣ岻Ծسүذɣһ׽͡
ϳ
ٶ˵ε
½ϸסүŹغãʻλ
ʻ;Уķ꣬ѡĿε覿˿ֹ
쵽εˣε覲Ż¶֪һȥĲүҲ֪ү´һˣԡԲΪı¡
˼ʳּҲϣ
ּ֪ҵĲҵҲֻڻҴ󷹵ꡣǻ̻ĻԱ»ᶼûʸ
ꡭ
һε˾ľˡʳʳģɡ
СƬ̣ҲԼĻ˲⣬ۣסε΢΢֣ȴεʶسߡ
ǻǡ㸸ףף˼Ҹײ͵ͬŮ
ϰ岻ؽ͡
ͣһ½ȥ
ǡ
ֻʣεˣεסῴ⣬һһ˵˴εҲԶԼ߻ȥˡ
˵̾Եץסε覵֣Ҳ۰ȫε˵һڵϹģ߻ȥµһͷ
εԶ簲¾ͷˡ
ͷžžµ֪ϰңεŮǸı䲻˵ʵүԵ޷֣뾵ϰ壬ҲƼˮ֮
ˣˡӵĸʶ꣬Һ˵ˣΪҴǹˣܽƼˮ֮
Ļû𵽰οЧε覸ѹˣҲ˵š㽻õǺӧε覡
һʱ䷴ˡ
ʵ⣬ںǶ˵ʱˣȻҲԼε観硣
Щ룬̧ε覲˲ᣬǺӧε覣㣬ĺǻãΪݽ黳
á˵Ҫ㣬뵱á
ϰ壬ĺˣΪֹɣҲΪҵ¹һεǿջЦǰүүأ󻹻бүүܰҵã֪󡣡
ʧģϳ˵Ļظ˵һ顣εԼˣһ˻ʲôʸ֣
ڿ̣һŵε覿ҪϢĬԵİҲη塣
ҡ³溰½ϣ
εң˫סԲҹĺ⡣
˵Ķԣεҵ£ȷʵܲˡ

ϻصңȥ˯ţһ۾εӡ
֪ε覵βε覶ԼĴ޿κΣǼε覱ε嵱ƷЩ
ҪֻƼˮ֮ҲͰˣƾ޸ӣθɣ
ʧһҹ峿صĺȦ¥緹
û꣬ʦˡ
ĴŹȽ³ֵıֽڲϣؼүô£˵ƬǼٵģ
Ƴ۱ֽͷ棬ܵƬռķ֮һƪ
ҵƻᣬ⡣
ĵôܣȻش⣬ǩĺԼҲǲ飬ʹˣӶԣǲԼѹ˾㲻ģǾͽҲСˣĸµĻҵӦӹܡ
ڼңԵ˼Ҫӹܣҽλ
¥ˣ¥вСĶҲ¥
ƶĬĬվڽ䣬¶ǣյɫ󣬲ȫˡ
ͦ簡緹𣿱³ԡƤЦԾֽɨһۣ㣬˵ŮģϾҿ˶ġ㿴˼үԳʲôˣ۾ͲЦöûˡ
˵ʲô뻰ӹȥֽס
ССһھˣ㣬Ҹ˵ǩ˺ԼʲôԼ
˲죺ûʲô
棬£ҲϴСˣ²㡣ϾǸŮˣҪӣҲĵ°ɣ
𾴣󲮣ֻӲӣҵĻдʡ¡
ӣӣ̬ȼᶨһûء
ʲôģ㶼ʮüˣ㿴õܰڣʮ֪ҪΪϳܶһ̸ˡ
˰ɣҲͷƵصı£С
ʱĵ绰ˡ
ƽܴҰġǱߣû˵ͷ˭С㣬ġ
ӵ绰ҲŴ󲮾ߡ
˵˵ҽǩʲôԼˣܿǿǣǰֹ˾
Ҳûʲô˵ģ֪Ҳá
˴󲮣Ҳûؿ緹תȥ˺Ժ
ǰĸȥΪȶ棬صڸĸλǰ¡һհһղޡԣ֪ġ
֪ǣΪ岮ŷµԣǵļලǩˡ˱㾻뿪ҡĺԼԴΪгһðϸյĹǡ
һǼңһǹ޷߼˵İΪѡ
绰Ҳ˺ԺԼ˹ͣһǲι۹
õĽ㡣
ôˬĻӦð졣
һʳתͷ尲ЦЦյʱ㣬ǽյʱҾԼ˰
ȥ£ÿÿᵽ£ε覡
£
㿴𣿡
㣬ĺˣŵҼƤˡĨĨ˫ۣתԽԽˣҵץʱԺȥඡ


17 
һգ˲ʱͬպĴ߷ã󻹴ӳѡһˣȥպѧϰ
ŵ˿ûЪգͽӵĿߵ绰ϰæ鲻ʱҺСꡣ㣬ҹ֣
ǻ᳤̻ҵĴС㣬ʮ꣬ѻиŮһڶ
زࡣ
Ԫ಻С޲£ҲʲôҵȻ󰮡
СĿĸ߹ˣ˻˺ҲϲԷա
Ԫձ黹ǳƺΪС㣬ˡ
ڻǰʶ˰ͬѵŮˣƻʶ֪ûйѪӢ۾飬̸Ц
ϣһŹȹƯСŮſ˫򰲾ŴŴغš衱
СƯӳǱССһڣСҲĵһ¡
Ƶ߹ȥҲΪԼҪͬĸϰɲƫġ˱ŮǲҲһѣ
ĸŮǰЩΨһ֫׽ˣһʱûиͨˡ
ָıǼ⣺࣬㶼ǵˣܲеӣ
һĻε˺ε覵
Ƽ˰ɣǸŮ˲¾ϴؼҴү壬ƻ᳤ҵĴСϵҲܵúܡںڰˮҪ˵ɾûһš
εֻţۡ
εੲݵүԭ˼ȥƫ̫ҲǿˡվǸŮˣˣڰҵȨ͵λҲ͵ͷˣǲýӹܼҵġʱ㣬ֶӡ
ˣֶûһƲ¶̫Զˡε観Զײ
ӴָҶǰɣε˴šε覵ĸ첲ĺÿʲôã㵹ʹȥϹֵ˶ܱŮȥ㻹Ҹǰװˣ
εǵε̵ÿп࣬͵εˣȲӬеġ

⽥ŨġһǳɫƤףʱֵī
СһͷúܽЦЦţ˰ԼĶϡ
˵ܵã軹С𣿡
ֻСһ
áСЦţ˰һڡ
ε˳ٳٲ÷꣬ǿŰǹɰⲻǾϰСλҲֵͬģ
ϵЦȴʧһʵ˼ǣ
С˶£ٻϰεķˣ̻칦ϣǼһġ
ŶٻεˡǰЩ컹Ұ˵εϰأƺ̫밡Ϻİٻ¥񣬴˷ίʵҡ
εûȤ֮ûѵһӻңŵ̬λҲһȥ
̧ͷңһֺţԼŮС˵ղײգøǼұѡ
СѣððС괩·͸ҲҪСһ·
úúãСҲǶ·˵
С;ϰ롣ε˸롱Ķ
ԵһЦͦأŰĸ첲߽̣С²۵ģˡ
Ҳأȷʵܷ
һСıӰε˵ܡǼ
࣬ҲС꣬ռʱļʸɬζԭ

ǸŹ㣬ҲûʲôĵĻëֻϲϲ۸ߵν
ժīڹ̨ĲɵطŸʽĲϣʱʱε˺ε覿ȥ
ֻεȫûôڣҲûô֣εһֹһۻѡѡ˼¼䡣
ҪүԸҴð켸ѣ齫ˣй
εֻܡ
÷С˳ߴ磬࿴һ״ɫװڰǰȻͦãȥһºϲˣ۾Ͳһס
಻ݾܾذѰ¸䣺ò׼
Ǹջ۵ε覡
Ƭɫϣīɫ֦Ѿͺɫѩ÷ͼӯɴ˼κͷΣϣΪеسгε観׵崿ʡ
ǿε覽ġ
ǰޣĿȴһ䵭
ϰ塣ε覵͵͵ػһɣȳȥ
ÿɷε覴߲
ɸε覾͸ıˡ²һת촽ʵۣϰΣ
Ϊȥˣ䲻رʣɵɵؿЦ绨ε覣뷽ŵü˳۵̬Ȼͬ
ϾϴǲɢΪεǴⲻٸйϸˣҲԸӦеľ롣ǽãҲѡ
ϰ壿
εֳ߽ŷӦĵ˵˾䣺ÿ
·ÿ˺ÿ
ÿ
ĻشεڴһЦִ̧ڰǰϣҿϵˡ
˵ĺߣһҶһֻֽϻ
ǰϳε覺ߣҹ˾ûûƤ˼źԼϴ裬˼Ҹ첲ϵ˿ڡ
ˮת
ֵˡ
յģεռȨˣĪ̡
.ҵĺҵòӵֵֹķΧôòԾ
ɾﲻԾҲ˵
ץסεס֣ӲŲɲĽţεСģҵѾˡ㡭
ε覵Цʧһίϰ岻Ըˣ

ǻҵ
ҲԼ
С㣬Ҳã
ࣿ
δȰôü̵ĻԼ֮Ĺϵε覾ѵˮһ¡
һСŮӼƽ˺𣿡
ɴ˫ۣſˮ顣
ε観ʤ׷˼ʱ䣬סĲ΢ͷȵע£һս
Ƭ
ã˭ûһ
ʱ·ֹ
С꣬·ûôȥôûû⣬Ĵʧˡ
εµСѸٵͷת뿪İɫװҲѵ˵ϡ
ƿôû㷢ʲô·ôˣϲϲͲҪˣû£еʱ䣬ȥҿ

ҹڴϣԺķȫε覴ź÷Լӡ
ֻǵ޵õ㣬ֻǵãĴģġ
ģ
ŮҲŮ
ֻ׹СĺеԣζεϸܵĴζȫһ
ʱȤֶ˿Եڣ˭׽ľٶ첲
ε֮ġܡһ§ͬ˯ٵǣок
ˣ
ҹߵģֹһε覡
յ⣬Ҳ⡣
е⣬ʷǰûаֺڡ
ҹ˾ʱ˺ܾãԼǺʱ԰˼أ
ԼǺӧʱ
ֻߣǰһڽϱʱ
ֻ֪аĳֻаΪĳұҸҲ򰲾Ȼˡѹѡ
嶯֮£˰ûκ׼ǵˡ
ⲻε徫ĸŵֺðʱ
ҲˣǴġ
ȨҰοˡ
εѾûʲôˣҲε̹żһ仰Ҳ
һʲô
ǰϹǸǵԵɣǵȰҲ

ڶϣȥҹܻǲ˺һƱϣÿܻӭĹﶼҽ
ϡ
һɫϳζĹһڰгж̷д۵ģдװģдԸ¶װģдѧװġ
ǰ߹ÿһǰͣԼһӣͷŴõľǹǵĴ
ҹܻϰ廹ǹû˻þϰķѰֲϳ
Уɵľ.˯ĹŮ˶㡣ֵֻطŮ˱֮٣ϻûĸñŮ˽ȥ.˯
ǵкЩǼϰϰ̸ģҲϰȾƵġ
ҹܻһЩȾƽʣûۣ㲻.˯ÿԸ̸ۡ
ҹܻںȾƺ.ף󲿷ֹﶼּ۸ģֻмֻƲ.˯ġ
ϰ壬ЩﵱУϵ𣿡ϰʡ
ҡͷ֣ȥɡƿҾƣûҷԸ˭š
ԣԣͨͨԡ
ոЩΣε覡˰οأ
ҲӦʱķ곡ϷҲֻŮƶѡûκһŮйǷ
׼ȷ˵ǽǰˡŮ˶ûй
Ȼʱ˾Լˡε覣Ҫһĺ촽


18 vʼ
ƿҾ¶, ԽԽ
ȥײһмһŮˡ
ϰҲڣԹۡ
˵, Ǽ۸һŮ, Ҫ𣿡
˹µ׷תͷ򰲾һۼ, ֹӴ, ԭǴľϰѽȻҲֵطӣôҲŮ˵ģ
ϰ˳վ˰ϣλ¶, Ҳð, ߲
ͷɢŮ˱ˣ, ֻ¶һֻ۾, תͷ翴ǣϰ壡ϰ壬ҡ
ǡŮе죬ױ, һʱ벻˭
ʱкǸ˦־һƴŮϣ軹ȣʲôȣʲô˼ҾϰǺεȴ, Ҳһ/ӽУ
ϰ˺һСڰ˵ǰŵġ
ġģˡ
λСϢŭ, ơҸĹй֮Ե, Ĺ, Ұˡ
ϰ忴ϵĹǵȻҪӡ˿ϰǼǮ˲٣ȴû񫡭
ǽпҳˡ롣
Ǿͣлϰˡ
ЦǺǵصлĩ£ֵطͱүװ崿ˣ»үٲԹԾͷͱˡ
鷳ذԶϡ
ϰ߼˺󣬻طЩ򵥵ҩġ
͵ΪˣͶ·С㡣дƲ/˯Щһĵò͡
һھƣһ̡УƳһġŮˣԺӧѺõġ
εûѣӧҲûѡ
ڰӡУƺΰǿйһҹ¶ˮԵǰΰǿûƭĻ
˯
ſԸ˯Ϊʲôҹܻȴӣ
Ĳ⣬ʵ𣺡
ΰǿǵڼ

˯ˣãΰǿûƭӦһǰ˰ɣĴúɼǴμǵж
̵ԭ֣ͨһ̫ã̫
ζشһ˵㣬Ļ˵㣬ΰǿҲûʲôĻ
һЦɳϵ׶ģ·ϡ
ϰ·Ĳ䡣ʵǰĽٵŮˣҲûǧټʸȨ󣬷֦ͷˡ
¾ŮˣҲ۸Ҳң벻ɣ룬Ͱ·ϡ
أϴˡ
Ϊ縡Ƽ裬Ŀ϶ԸΰǿǮƵĴѰӻ
ȻֻĳĬСû·ϰȣģû֪ݱ΢ָ
ˣȥɡܰģѾˡ

˻ֿεҡ
ŵӶˣεϰ壬εСļ䣬εСһˡ
ǣԵȡ
Ӻ󣬹ε観ڰ
ĺȻʼ³˸ʻţ˵ɣůЩ
ε˽ȥ
Լһͣ¡
Ĭ
εϳʼû˺üŹһϰ塱
һ룬ִӷŲε覵ĺףֱؾ˹ȥػյʼٸε覵ɴ˫۲֪ˡ
ۣε覵ϢԼֱĶſСؽ˵Ĵ꺬ס
عε覣ü۶״ػرͬĶظмɵػӦǡ
˭˿˭أ˭ĥ˭Ĵꡣ
ͷ裬Һӵš
·˺ܾãַ·ֻһ˲оЩľε覲ΪŰ
δڼ˴ףĴҲ𡣡
ε覵øˡ
ͷðƼԼʧ̬ȴ̲סʵϰΪҪ£
ȻΪϲ㡣
ûõȣֱ׵ػش·ͨˣε覣Ϊϲ
ε̧ŵؿŰᶨϲӵסҲϲ㡣ҲҪҵĽ㣬ҵӢۺòã
áҵˣĴӢۡ
տıžΨ˵ײҪƤȥԷ
ε˫Ű۾Ưǰų裬㳣ͻȴһûҪΪʲôҺľ룬ϵ̫ңԶʱ룬䵽ʲôˣϾϰƺʲô˲䱻ϰŽװ˵ϲңңҳΪ𣿡
סε覵ַǣַֽԼĿڣɵҵΪС¹ײﶼһһЦ
ĻûжԱĹҲ˵
ԩҶ췢ģֻ㽲
εס֣ҲŵԼĿڣ˵ÿμ㣬ÿҵľͺҡ
ЦǺʱʼģ
ε覴ǰΪֺãѹû鰮Ƿ
εȭһ£ʲô⣡һ쵽§§˵Щ˺˼Ļ
㶣ǹദĵεΣȷԼε覵ĳЩȹ˽硣
͹ɣ˽ĺߵε覣ֿͬĵرסúúãҶ§§Ҷͼı죬Ҷɫ⣬زס֮һʼңҺϲ㡣
ǻԳĳƫƫٸҪʣңΪҸֹǣԴˣ
ε޵ءš
ҵĺѣҴҵģҲͼʲô׾ľϰ壬Ҳûˡ
ԼӦ죬кˡ
Խ˵Խס
ƵشԼ죺Բ𰡣챿ҲûĹĻͶ棬Ļͱȥ
øҵǸεϧظĴ㣬СˣԱĹüЦ᲻ȡ֣
ᡣӽٲԱĹЦˡ
ҲС
ţҲСӽֻҵüЦ
ؼҴүأε覷ڰͷ˵Ҫ»Աֹ֧֣Ͷشүİٻ̳ʾãԲųҸؼĿܡʵϯƻᣬҲѹԺڳϲŸ˵
ԭˡ
͵ģҸֻǷ֮Ʋ֮١οѶ¶ļֻװһˡ
ţ㡣Ҳֻаһˡε̻¶ҡûϲˡ
ţҲ
˼δҹܻºг
һ²һ£ĺεҲ㲻ý֮ԼԼ·Ҫߣ˶˵档

ε覷ֱ󣬰һؼҾ͸˵绰ٻʵ𣿡
ڽػε˵Ƿһֲ©˽ȥ
ҵͷȴ£ε岻׾й¶һֻǶгԹ֪ƱػǧټƲضԸ
ѹôеε覼޸ε覸߷磬Ȱܰҵڹ˽ȻȻ˼ٵΣԹۡ
û̫ϵ£˼ǵ̸ţϵĸ߹ǿƾȴһûⳡ·
Ҵ̻ٻĽ
Ҫʲô
ǰʱεҾܾм仹˱Ϣз硣űӦҲˣȻҳͷ˻顣
ε治ǶϢ
ãˡ
ε覻⣬Ϊ˵δıȻͳ˰һ⡣
εֻͨͥϳĹѰһͷ˽ӵҳס˱ԳϦԡ
ƫƫεҵŮ
˵Ǿ谭˵˾ǲʱը/
ѹѣµģʱҲҪԼᣬõİֺڻ


19 
, ô£ճڲͷŵİš
쵽ˣʵ, ǸüڡҲ˵š
ҹ, Ϊ㷢黳ëڲϣлֱ˵, ߶߶ĸ﷢ë, ̫ˡ
ŶҾ⼸ʲôİûƮ¶
Ҫǰʵ㽻ɣ㻰, ١
ȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲôƵ, ڴ԰ϰˣ˵԰˹, ûȤȥ;ˡ
Ĺ԰
Ȼأ
ҵ׽㣡̰ϸ
ȥȥɣ
ȥ, ȥɣ͸Լʱ䡣
ţ£ҲεС㣬һҲġ赭д, ת׼¥
㣬㶼Һ¸ϵˣôҴ绰Լ˼εСţ˻粨òƽϢ, ҸεСҲѻ˵ˣͻȻı̬, ЩҸεС, Ǵĺ޿κΣԹ, 㲻Ȣɣ
һۣʲôˣҲǽܹʱ꣬ôӵұ檣
밡ԣⲻڿ𣿡ֻԼԩȢεҶСʱ㲻áҲȢ˰ɣַǰǰͣ
֪˾䣺²Ϊ
ðӣʵǳ֮ơþϰ˿ʮ꣬ͷһⳢζǰצġ
ÿ춼ÿʱÿ̶Լħˡ
ⶫίʵ˻ǵúܡû˵ʱĹһ˵ǣҡˣ޲ʱʱһ뱧뵽շתࡣ

ɭֹ԰ܴ󣬳ﾰɫʯ԰͸԰Բժˮ
Ͱһֻ
ס߶ͳһƬ㣬Ƭֻӡһţȸɡ覡
ʱֻ˵˰ĵһƬӡ㣬û˵ǰε覵ĺӰ±ҲˡõƬŷˣǾӦһһŲźʡ
һž͹ˣһο磬ҲƬ¿ڴԴǾܾ֮⣬Ĺϰ𣿡
Цţͦ˳ģͬ˶ܺãҲܹա
һߣεýѵһɣѹγҲûҵ˵ĪΡ
뻹ʵƽﶼЩʲô
εעҲУȻʣ˼˵ʱ黭ÿѧҲûʱġֻѧЩûа׷ѡ
𶯣
ĺ˵Ŀ⣬һֻ֪ĳӷɵε覵ļϡ
Ҫȥֱ£ɡ
һ⻰ֱڽεˤڵǻһģһ
¾˾尲ʹ˸ɫǴľϰ壬СӼ˶ҪƵС㿪㣬ɵǾϰߣȥǰĵÿƬ
ε覻˶δ֪Ŀ־壬վûں磬ԲȷǲԼµ֡
ûˣ׽סε覵֣ͷһСӾͱˡ
ˡ
ģСӺûε覶ߵϷ
εһɣ˦֣ϰɻʶһʡ
ţε覱ϣƤȥָЩ첻㶼ң
𣿡
裿ʲô裿
ϾϰүζĲ衣εסԼСָ
ˣúȼˣҪٸͣ
ÿ顣
εʶᵽε壬˶ֹ

ºͰǰͷʱʱķ羰Ҳˡ
ۣ㿴Ǳߣߣöʯ͸٣ôõȻûժ»ܽ԰Ҫժһȥԣ
Ȼûˣ԰ҽˡժһӣһ꣬˵ͦġ
ҳԴ˰ӣţǺôֱʣΪ㿪ģнá
Ϊҿģ
仰˸ʺš
ǰǺŵġǸεҶС㿪ġ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪĻ飬ĴΣ
ид㵱ýɣܵҲҽ˲Żǵĺá
и׵ܵܣҾͱ꣬Ҫƫ
˵ţĴСʵǼǺţǼжӣΪ˰ŰҵԼҸ˲ϣοȥյ·
£ҼȻѡ·ͻ޷˵ȥǣסµ֣ѣҿԺԥΪǹڡѣҲᡣ
йڻܵκ;˫Σ⽻Ʊػìͷ׼ǡҲûϿչɱж⻼Ӿ磬ûô¹¶֮ɫ
£ͳ˧սԲԣ壬ǻʤġ
ѧļ꣬µµΪ˷عҲǴ˻Ǣ֮ͨϰ塣
´Ը׺ͰݣڻĪ
û־Ը֯£Ϊ֯밲־ͬϡ
ǹ䡢ֱ˽սѣϧ֮ϰδ֪ѡڼҹǰǱӺġ

İε覣ղ߽һƬʯ԰
ˣȴŵķƣӵסε覣ǳǳĺĶߡε覺Ķ
ʯ԰ҵ˸
ε覵ָ/ָ䣬΢΢תͷӭĴǻ񫡣
ĥǣ⣬磬ɢѹεĵ׵Ҹõʱ̣ģȴʹ
һãǹεĵԶʳһûд𰸵⡣
һꡣһֱ꣬ͷ
εתЦ⣬ŨŨİ⣬һ㵽Ϊֹǣ˵ˣһꡣϰԳУ㡣
ţҡ
ӣε覵ĽŲʯ԰װժµʯҲװŨ⡣
㿴Ǹʯ񣬱ĶҪɫҲÿϧ̫ˣͽֹ
ʯĹ£εָͷһűԲĺӡǧʯԢ顣
˳ָķȥҲûкܸߣ͹š
۾˸߶ȣ¹һѴӴȱε覣ҪĶȥĵطܶ߶ԶҶ߾ȫʵ֡
ε˫أǸеţ˫ֳסļ磬˵Ļǳ۽һ
Ĵ󵨵ذӽͷȥժǿǵʯ
ժˣ
šԭתȦŷ¡
εֵͽӣ
ӷŽ԰Ū˵ѣȴеص
ʹˡ
ε覱صİŵòᣬʱ˲ֱ̬ӹߣ
ĳۣһЦֻסε覵Լ
ε˵ڰϣң
꣬гзɳɳ졣Ϊ㣬Щͨķ羰øöҺϲ
ңϲ㡣
ĳθε覶ߡ
ĵſİ֮˵ϣãҲ˿̰á

ε覻ؼңڲ۵Ľͣ˻
һʱҲ̫ˡʲôʱͲңε覵ֱǱʵ
죬Һ͸˵ȥ㣿ε覺˵
סΣȥĴȢؼңˡһ׼ƽ鷳Ըң
ε覸жᣬУ׵ĸ鲻˭ͿݣҲ̫ܵģ֪㡣
Ҳ֪㣬ȢΪޡٵȵңڿڣȥ¡


20 
Ͳ, εû費ܰͣŮܰ״
ȥң˲, ٰҴһŸϰ塣
, ס
εͷ˶˷ε覹ŰҲ, ͷҳԼд˺, ͨ˵绰
绰ģǸսŲõİãλ
ε覵ͣһ, , ҡ
˻ˣ״, , 绰ҰɣҰİɣҪ˵ʲôҵ𣿻ǡ
εЦϰŵģͲ±ү͕ЦҲ㣬˭
һνӵ˴ĵ绰ҽŰ
εֹסҸ˵, ȥңͲ衣
˵䣬绰͹Ҷˡ
ŻͲ, ȷѹҶϣЦҡҡͷ
졣
ֽһӡ
¥̽ͷ, , һգڼǰһһվۻΪϲ
գ
ʲôʱȻûʹ
졭
ϲ, Լϲλ˼ͷԣ͕ǰæðɣˡ
εСѣһġԾԴһΡ
룬û˵룬εҲǼҡ

䣬ֻüε覵ÿһ춼Щ⻹ǲܵˡ
լԺܴ󣬰ǰԺڵĲƺﶼշΧá
緹Կȥ½ܡ
ʱε絽˰ңźͰһһ˭֪ϰ幫Żδء
ܼ˵СԸˣεС˿洦ι߶κ󶼿ᡣ
ҲվһԣûѾźҪұǡ
˵үһ˸εҶС㶩ʵƣҲεεҴСڻ鼰ε̻ᴦѹӰ죬ε
ǿͣҲ֪εʹʲôֶΣԼҴС̶һ¾ͶĿ࿴Ϊϱ
ӵģҵ
ϰڼңҺ鷿õĵطĶε覾ҸаϢĵطһԷ鷿ֹ˽ܣ̤㡣
ԺһأʮβһЩ˯ر߽ͤӡСϲͤºȲ迴ƴ
ҿȥǶ𣿡εòѯʡ
ȻԣС롣
·Ϊε覲βյů¯ϰ˵εСǰԸů¯
δ붬ȴѽСΪ׼ˡ⻹ǳ⣬Ψһע⵽Ըػˡ
ε覸жģлϰǹң͕ƽˡ
ǧС㺰㡱һʱ㶣ЦֻǸӶˣСľơҕƼɡ
Ȼȷʵεʮ꣬б𣬴ȥֻ԰ҵķ˵ҵˣ˵ҵ˹ƣܱܡ
⼸㣬ҲǴСƽϲģϸܵӣװʳСȤˣιǲ
Ľкɫģɫģɫģģһ׳ȥ
εһСʳǻιʳ
Լ䣬һèС
ͬʱҲԺ˸Õȥ͵͵߽ε覣ס۾
ϰ壿ε覴䡣ڰҸҶԼ˷ģҲֻˡ
ԣٲ¡ƺ
֣ε֣ıȥ
§סҼʲôµģҵӣϰҲá
ӣ
Ф
ε覵򰲾Ļеů⡣
أһβɫνͷǺɫģʮۡ
βͷĽ𣬺ر𡣡
ر𡣡

һŵèС
ϴε覱ķλƫͷҺ󷽡
һЦ֣
ȥһ˻гµգȴֻ
ڤ˼һҪ͸˵һֻƯ˳߰覵ĳë˹è
ܼҵ˾֪鷳ĴСʱֻ֪èΪĳλ˻Ķֻչ˺ôС³衣
ҹɨԺһСӣŲһ׸ߵĹӹɲţͨף˸壬װɺèӡгĿռԻ
Сſڣε覾ͱѩСһˡ
߹ȥ΢΢ͷϸڶȥİè䣺ƯСè
ϲ𣿡
šε覺ʶʲô̧ۣΪҲģ
ϲèû֪
ȷе˵û֪ϲãҲûϲãҲӲչ¶ϲáϲãε΢
һţèӵĲţ˶࣬ҵ£ܣԾȹһأӦ¼ңԺͷˡ
ءɵèβͣԴȥ䰲֡
Ϊرճˣ籦ʯԧۣ˰뵽ε覵ţ
εҲ֣èᣬʪʪıͷ֣Ųȥ
Ǽҵ³Աȡְɡ
֡ε룬ϧϧΣϧϧϧ
ãͽϧϧϧϧԴϧϧ𣿴ӽˣȡĺ֡
衭
εˡ
ϧϧһһè泯ε覣ʱҾͱϧϧϧϧԴװɣ
˭ҪһֻèԴˣ
εҲϧϧϷɿһ£ʲôóԵģҲϧϧҲ
ҡչȥǲСèͲϲˣĳ˲ģֵ˼ǲſϰݡ

ʱһһߣμɶԵҲ½жʮ
󲿷յͬѧҲͬ£Լʶѡ
ԼǰԺ֣ʣµգӦʶͬѧڣҪȥȥĻ㣬ȥǾںԺţȥߣС
˼ңҪһӵġȥкɡҲεҴ˵绰μվۻᡣ
ȥҾȥġ
Сε覰ϧϧèӣ߰ɣҲȥǡ
Ϊһ֮𻦺ľϰһڳСǵеģվ񣬵һϰ塱
̨ףģһԵε覣ȻЦº͵ؾٱǰ֪ѣҲãգҪлλΪأҷſҪǿġ
䣬ͷһɶ
˾ƣﵽߣ㣬
ºһϵڶϣһ¾㡣
εЦЦ룺覣һһӸϰΣ
ᵯ٣
ССԾ
ε覣áӸû˵
˫˫ǰֻټϣ˹֮Ρ
ʱתʱҸ߿ÿһǶԳȵİıӣΪ
ԣҲԡѡ
ֳкܶŮ崿Ĺɰֻüһε覡
ɶַǷȴĿͶžƱڷݱߣͬѧΧºɡ
еˡ
Ϊʱ䶼ռȥ
ееοϾôϲ
ڼҲ̲סģСεСϰôͽģүǺιϵ֮ࡣ
Ȼε覣֪۳֣ҲΪ˴˲ݸ塣
λҼθ֮ԣεСȷйδһ£ȫһʱ³ç´пѱ硣ʱҳ嶯һ걻εһڻ飬Դ˱ҽ㻨ǮεֵǮ֮أ֮װףɼҺѴ֮λ飬ĪҪ鼰һ£õ׺ڴˣлλˡ
ѹԼϣΪε観壬ҲΪҥ
˵Ʊε覣ʮЦεС㣬ҵǸԷһɷԭ°
¸æε覵ıӵϾƣݸ
үˡ£ʧֻ֪֮Ӹװţδ˼ҸԸҲү԰գͷµǱơ
˵ԺϷ
ε覱ȥϷڣ鷿

εΪ볡ǰͬ𣺡ĲҶи׸š
εֻ֪ͣݡ
ţе⣬ԼвõԤУεţôдǺû
չüͷԼͣ˵ţʱдţһʮ껹ûյء
лˣҸдε覺Ӧе
ðҵš˸߲ҵ·˾Щǵõ绰ҡҺϧϧ㡣
š֮Ϊѣ̫ңҲΪߣֻ𡣡
зִ磬ֻ̫࣬Ҿͺá
ҹ΢ٰεůů֣ȴڳԣ˲ơ
Ϊʱǹô죿ΪҪİ˱룿
ε֪˼˵ǺܿټģҲ㡣͵ϧϧÿһèУһ㰢ɺã
áƾɢЦˡ
Ȱҹƽ˯ǰҲ󣬰ڴߴεױš
ƪдĴ˼ǣεضΪȺϲּҲⷢչ⣬εҵŮҲٵǶ۵һϣڰڸһȷ𸴣Ҳ
Ϊ
ֽһӵϣƣһˮֽֽżȼΪ˻ҽ
İ飬·ͻȻ³
ûоɽûԤɲοҲûѿ̣һʱ벻Ľνͷ
ҪǰûǵĹǿæʱ䡣ܵıģðδҸעԼأ


21 
ڶһ, ӵµĵ绰
㣬˵ʱ簲ųȥɷãɷöѽҪԺĹֻ˶Ѧ, ȥ
ѦѦԺ
Щڴİ, æ»ĲɹȫȻ˲ǰǳŹ¼
һ, ʲôòɷõġһ䡣
СϢ, Ѧ׼˷Ը壬ṫһ½˵ҾǵµİΣԲȥ
ΰǿǺպĺ/ϴѦͷҰ, ֳ, ܾ˲ΰǿܽܵĽ, ±Ȼк
һ, ·/ǹ
½ϣȥ¾
¾˻ʶҲ֪ϴĹϵӲ, ΰǿͷŹȫùѵ԰¾Ｘǳɡ
ǿүأ
ǿүȥĳˡ ǿүȥˡ
ڿڲһ, è塣
̬ǿӲǿүȥĶ˵
˲𣬰/ǹǲǴȥɱѦˣ˵ǲǣ
վϰ, ǲ֪ǿүж࿴, ˼ֵܣ۾ϰһǹ, ǿүʲµģ
µûѦйֵɽҴķʲôνΪ߳øΰǿ
ǿүҪ£Ҳס
˶ȥ
͡һˡһʶķǰˣһ۾ѻ֡
ǻˣҪǰɣȥΧӦû¹ʾͶ¶
ǡаºǿүҪҲܷЩ

ѦڵҽԺſڣΧ˺üұļߣһڣñӶڽֵתǴ۲졣
Χڶ࣬ɱ/ʱ
δΰǿӰҽԺſǱ߾͡顱һը˹Ѧûü͵ˣǹ֮ҲȫͷҴܡ
УѲʮ˴˷ӿ롣
ɫأѹñأΪȺп˰¡
ȥǣͼغһɽװİ˽ͷӶʲô
ǵĽӴܿоԼҵܵܣҲ֤һĻ
ţѸٳǷ֮ء
ĿյͻȻ˴ץס첲Ѳٵȱڴôˣ
ΰǿѦԺô󶯾ԾǸȦףѲôһˣΪʲôһ㣿ƫҪڹ۶ϡ
ڲ֣ѦķԾͻ`ıֽϣķԣܶ㲻Ϊ£Ҳֻǰľѻּѵ֣Ҳٴݾߣ߰ɡ
飡 飡 ǹ졣
ΰǿͬʱ˼еĵطһŶӵŮ˺ȻѪС
ΰǿһʱͣҵ˸ɵģ
ҲܳԾı飬˽Ϊˣɱ޹Ը񣬱Ҳûлɡһ˼·ֶѦһ׵ŮˣǰѰ¾ǹ¡ΰǿֵˣǸݽɫ
ұáΰǿٴסĸ첲˵ز˾Ȼȥ˵
˼뿪װİΰǿûбѲץסͰƽص¾￪Ķĳ
ԽԽԾ˵ȥһǸиݣΡ
һȥȷϺǹǲġ
˭
һ˶Ҳֻܿıɱְˡ

ҡ
Ȱؼҵ磬ϰ٣Ȼ¸εֵӡ
źվ꣬ѦǹɱϢˡ
һҳףҳӵ֡
㣬ӺɣС֮ΡУ̺Ŵеİ顣
˼̸ʲô飺û˰ɣ
ףٸǣµЦʲô£˵㾪ţȥˡ
㡭ҪӺأ
㣬ȷˣʵǿүǲǸѦг𣿡
£ҲҲʶܡϣΰǿйཻϳ̫ƽȥҪȥȥŴ⡣
/ٹܣ仰˵࣬㣬Ǽߵİ׵ǿү˽˽ڰԹŲݣ¾Ǳߣ̫
ΰǿԵ𣬰֪ġֻҪ漰ԭ򣬲ǣʡ
ҵͰط/ȴԷңΪ١㣬ɣǷģǮҪٶС
ҺûʲôǷ벻ǷˡΪһǹ㻹ˣԾأȰҵĻҷˡҲѸոȰҵĻٶԼ˵һ飬£ڰҹݡ
ͫȻһ
켣̳չɫı¿ɱȰǿˣڷ޹ؽҪ㲻ͬǰΨһĶӣҡ

԰
һ۴źɫ֣°زȱָڳ̺պ۵ĹͷڻƤϣͷµţͽǽС
վʮ˴ֶ
ãһ͵˳ү¶᲻Ǹ˸ɵģʱ꣬һʹĸ˷ɴ˲ˣ̯õûձѣȫȻû԰̫סˣͲ
˵ɣˣ˵Щʲôãһ˽סĻүǽ𣿶үǲִöɩİѺ
.ұ졣¶ŭ˵Ǹˣǰ͸۾Ѳ˸ϵ
ǰڸͷŮѰʱһ/ըһ¥̮أʮˡѲĵɳú/й¶Աģ⡣
һĳ¶ûô޴ʱԹľˣȥ飬ȴ鵽ڱ/ըĵڶ͵Ǵ뿪ˡ
һȥѶ
Ҳó¶͵Ƕţǳ/ը˸ɵġ
Ҫܵÿ죬ӻغ꣬¶ĵˡ
žͷһķŮ˿ż۸񲻷ƵĽư߽үңǶɡ
µɫȻһѷСܳš
ֻдñӵһ뿪ǰϹϾ˵˾䣺Ѷүģɩӡ
ү˲豭
ǸɩӵģǸ˳¶ŮˣӨ
Ө԰ɩϵһ֪Գ¶Өӡ
̫
¶ʮһ꣬ҪӳлϥµҲԽԽŰ԰ȫڹҰһӵŮˡ
ˣ£һְˡˣǸѵĶӣֶˡ
үӨ¶ߣͷǰҪӣҸ
֪¶ŮˣҲ֪¶Ҫӡ޷ֵŮˣͨԼŵö£Ʋʲôˣû¡
Ͼ/Ůˣ˭ġ
¶ûҲʶȤľסԼ¾һĶֵأ˽ǮͱҪ
ɵŮ˶ĺԽԽ󣬳¶Ůϵ˼ԽԽࡣ
ӨµСܳǸŮΪɩʲôöҲһʱǱͣеǰδеΣ
Ҵ۲Ů˶ӣο㣿ҡڵģӲз磿
ǲأҲһءһŻòų¶Ҳͼ˼ִŻǮĸӡ˵ףĸŮ˲Լĺأ
ĸƾӹģƾʲôͲԼأ
˵˺ӣܺų¶Ѽҵ׶ĸӡΪ˰ȫ߷ó¶ǳȥҵҲûܡ
¶Өʮòʡ
ݣ̧°ͣڴͲϺݺڣãӰˣ͸ӡ

ձֽһͷǹѦǹɱǡߡͬѱץҹйѦи֮ϵ¾Ϊ
ԴˣѲʽ¾սԽѼһ֤ݣҪ˳Ӧ⽫ɥߡ֮ڷ
磬¾ܲ⡣
Ѱ죬ҲҪ졣
űֽΰǿ˵ֻǰǴðġͬ
߼޻Ȼиսһ-
ݱֽεҲˡ
εҡ
鷿ε̶ε˵¾Թ˲ϾóȻԷ١
εĽʹһô븸ʾ
Ϲܹݣءֻȥ£ǻᰲš
ŷǹѦͬһĻһ
ԭֻ᲻ڿεεףٺǰšˡ
˼Σˡ
ǰΰǿˡ
ƾͼƣںӧ϶ֽţּ˺ѦȥΰǿˮݣǹսһӧҲ˳һò˰
ˣпεĳϵġͬˡǰ¶ģҲ
εϳġǰӡεͿ֮С
ҽԺſڿڶǹǹˣҲġǸиΪʲô֣ҪӨ˵ˡ
赶ɱˣֶΡ
ĿģҪΰǿͷĿ꣬԰ͷŵˣɱ֮
ǰ¶Ѳֻֻܲӻع񡣳¶ڻǰ֮ܿ裬ֻг¶ܽͷ֮ޣô̳¶Ůϥ֮أ
ΰǿڻ/죬Ҳڻıһ
ƻˮĳ¶ȥݻΰǿһʯó¶ȥҧΰǿѱ
һǷû¾ܣһۡʧ¾ӻĿȻҲǰ
¾ѣֵˡ

գε覽ŰͶȥεңس·תȥ˰칫ĵط
ת澵ϰ壬εСǰݷáԽӴ˵
ϰڸͻ̸⣬СҪһӡ˾ڰңǵֻй
¡ǵһ°ɡεѳԵ޹ʴŰ
󲮼ңһӣ17꣬úö飬첻ڰϹҫͷǡ
Ҳֻ׵˵óܶһ̸⡱Ļ
ⲻε覸ڽӴɫİھʹſβ
һ򲻴ﳤòǡΡǡˡ
ҲǳĻӣû˯˲ʮŮˡһǷ³ģҲһǱǮƭϵС
ô򷢵ģǮ£Ҳвô򷢵ͼûλ̥˹˾
Ǯʹĥ
εһţĥ˰󹤵İھע⵽ˡ
Ůˣʾѣ˯ĺͷЩɫ޷֮
ڶʱȼ˶Ů˵ҪǿԼƭ֣ǾͿһܳɡ
λƯСҾϰģЦεǰԵ֣ãҽ£ҽаڣǾϰõܣ֪С˵
ûμε磬Ҳûطε覣Իʶ
үʧ񡣡ε֡
Сγƺ
ε覡
εԭεҶС㡣ϧˣһҾ͵úһɩˡûˣڿʮأεСĻ֮ˣ˵ǾΪҲΪѹְϧýԣҲҪ㶩飬ңҲôɡ˭ûǽãûڵһεСǿҡ
ү˵ЦˣǹˣԷƱεͼ֣ȴץס
ýһ쵽æģεСʲôҲԸ˵ھǲ֣Զ
һ˽¶ѣͲүˡ
εͷ˶ģü밲һ£ǰ˽ͣϰҲѱʾǰӣԸҵÿӼԾϰĽѾã֮ǰͶڰլۡϰү棬Ծϰİ칫Щ棬ʣõÿգʾ˼ҸЩСʳϰ塣
ܶγ밲ңض밲ϵǳ
εΪ̧žܱİڣԷһɫ࣬ȫȻûŵĻ䡣
εСô࣬ʲôڲ˷ε覵ôߵӴ˲̸鰮ֻѣǸңֻҪϰף˭У
үˡ
żѵүץҼСˡ


22 
ġȡɹ˰, ӵҲǰ
ԼİĹﱻ۸ŭգǴʱϾڰ, Ϊϰ, ܹάε覣ҲΪһˡͶ԰ڴ֡
άӦе, ǳ, û͹ȥ
㣬æˡڨڨ֣µҲֻаεС˵, æ, ҾͰӴӴ
ôҪҸл𣿡ơ
ҡ
Ҳ֪ٻĶС, ñʲô⡣װװѻ˵, ֪Ѷˡ
ʲôԣ֪һС¶ҪеĶҪ, ûеģҲҪУò, ֻõ
ŮǰùѪͷѻ, ȴòˡ
Լ˱Ϣ߰, ٶԹ޶ֻܱס
ģҾͲˡ
Ȱ¶˳ȥ, ǣε覵֣ȥҰ칫Ұɡ
ε覲ѣŤͷ˵ʳиҾˣȥү˵һЩʱϰҡ
ǣС㡣
칫ˮεϴ֡
ëˮգֱֻʵĵͽӣûҪ
õܡ
׵ܵܣҲܶ񡣡һǲġ
εЦţ˰Ե
ίˡ
ίֵøոպáεӣʳУڽЩ㻨ĸ죬òóԡ
һ§ססεжһ٣һ𻨸ֽ棬롣
óԡŹ
εͶ䷢̣飬һ𻨸ת밲ḡ
̵سŹ𻨸⣬ϸϸ׽ۣŴ壬ɿڡ
껹촽ιģóԡ
ɫȫƤϰУεԼϣ𣿡
ţ롣ε覺Լ԰عڰϣ뵽跹˼뵽֪˻ᱻҲҪ㡣Ľƺǣÿ׾پܼ㡣

΢ε覵°ͣ˴˵˼֮ࡣ
Ǽ䣬ҲֵشһΣ˳ԼŮ˵
ָУá
šεܻӭʡˡ
మӦ֮¶һġרڽǣԼڰĴԵõ
ǵѷֲ֣ûйΡ
£Ҳˡ
󰲾ļε覷ÿһ鶼ոµġ
Ȼʰϰһӵ˭ģ
Լ뷨֣εأ͵ЦǲʵġϰҲҪӵġ
ȡһɳϿ
æ꣬˫ǰ鱾ε覣Բλࡣ飬һʹ˯
֮ǴӰǶѧԼʵ֪ġ䲻ε覣Լʲôأ֪񣬶Ŷգõò񻰡
þˣε覰ɳϣ˶һͷŰݸЦæˣ
䣬̾ϡ
ε覻Ϊôˣæȥﲻ𣿡
ҡͷ
ôˣܸ˵˵𣿡
ֻ룬ҪôȢ㣿ҪôǴߣ۸ûôɥԲλзâͽʱƺ䲻ǰļϵĹ
εĸŴԺɡ
ɵϡε覱ڻֿʼˡ
Դε覵ĸ˹˵ǲǺܿЦһ˻ճҳģȴһҡ
ε覺ЦŻë׵Դ԰ѴһչָҿģԸ㡣
ʵ̫ˡͺһһվɫѰҴȥ
׺Ϊǳ˵ġ硱ˡεе硣

߳ţк½Ͽε覾һ߿ɺã
ͷáûʲôرԵģ
εѵƤգգۣ˵;ϰһ𣬳ʲôáҲʳģܺ
ǽȴðĪۣǾ͸߱ǡ
λȻļͬУ·ʱʱͶ۵Ŀ⡣סǣֵĳ嶯ڴϣִպá
ֱС̯ӤߵģεƼһ̣ǰ棺ϧϧҲСҪ𣿡
װȥëӡѡ˼
ļֻƤϣ쳤ֱһ˼ȦŵǰĿմͼֻصɫСһһµ
εҲƤעܶǰҸĸסʱҲһߡ
û˵ǣǸǱ͵ģѾ⼣߰ߣҲһֱš
Ϊ˼ĸףСܣε覵֣СܷŽܶǰУҲС
䵹ܶǰգסϳε覱ʱǸĺͯ
ĸ׵ĸæߺһˣ׷׷ٵĺӱߣ˺
Ǻݺӡ
̰ߣСһͷȥûʲôˮ
ʱһС硱ˮ
۴ޣˡǸСʪ͸·һֻƤܣֽš˷ŵϣĿתܣֹͣ˿
̧ͷĸױСҲѲӰ
ˮ£ĸ׺𣬺ٴȥжϵһֹ߶
ֵǣˮȴˮ
ÿȥӱߣѰ佥ģƤҲɽƤѾá
ǸȹСģҲǲˡ
Ǯ뿪̯λ
ֻСܻεġ
СʱҲСôӡ
˵ˣҲһĸҵġָҵĸסܻε̸Լ£ĸûʲôΪ˸ĸβֵǮĶ䵱ˡƤҽеľȤСֻǺҽ͸һҸҪСѡ
һ䣬εľָԽԽȴЦʲôСѣðѽ
ǳԴˣ
˵ˡ
ε覼ӿŲҲȥ˵˵ǸëûСѾͷԼĪɡСѾͷˮոպںӱߡЪ˳ְܾŵúޣСʱҲʮֻ꣬ǵôһ£ϸڶǲ̫ˡ
˵Ƶᣬ·ľֻһѰ¡Ȼεߣȴĺӿҡ
һûε˵׼ʲô˵ľ룬첲Ÿ첲ô˵ˣˮԺܺãˮ±ӶѲң˵Ӿˡ
ţϰεŬԼƽҲˮ¡
£Ժڣһᱣ㡣

ε覰СܷŽĿĵظŰĽŲǰߡ˻Ҳ࣬һûһģϬű˴ЦЦ
·һҾûͽ
Ϊҵҳ·˿ڴͣΪΧ֮񣬵Ļٵı֮£͡ʹ
ɲʲôظ֮ˡ
ѡÿĲȥǰ̨ʲôֻصλֻ֣Կҹɫ
ε覸пһʮ꣬ȴͬʶҲеػšû˵ôáҼ£Ƹ㣬ȴһУﻹƶѪҺ
ֱָϣοϲ㣬޹ұοҲͺŽԿףϳĺӡ
Աһ޵ĺõ壬Լһմɻƿϰ壬ҪĻ
õε覽մĺɫһҫ۶Ŀ
ǳ䳤ͬɫ磬ڰ칫ʱϸϺʵ˳εӦòᱻ䵽
õʱ˸еķΧһӾͱ۵ϲȡ֮
εȻҲϲġ
ֽõһ֧һ֧زƿμʱҾŵеõ廨ζ
εɻ̧첲᣺ƭˣԼŲ
ΪõֻΪšˣ黰Խ˵Խ˳֮µȻҲֻһ˲ŵ
㡭˵˵εߵͨ죬ֵͷһ䣬ǻ
Աˣϰ壬ʦѾ
á
ͷʾ⣬漴ﶯġ֮Ρ
    أԱڶȫţϰλСá
ĳͣһνҲǱקġ
ѧô꣬Ȼϰʳ·صͣϸĵظǣţšɳôԣȵȡ
պ󡰳ࡱ
ĻأԱ˵õĺϡ
εԸƽ꿵㣬Ҳҡ
ԸҴң밢ذꡣε覸ܵ˰ġû뵽ǺԼһһͨͨӡ
ңһġӦ
˵͡һʣҲ˵һʣĺӢİ˵Ǻܶ


23 
, 뿪ʱͷƳϣϸ
ˡȥҷԱɡ
εȴס۷ȥɡˣ겻, оҲ²˶á, һꡣ
̹ȻԼϰкööеƽ, ֻͰһȥٲ, Զˡ
ҹɫʣ´Ϊεϣ뻳
ãα, ֻҪ, ҶϸԺҪѹ˲, ǵø, һ㿪ġ
š
ǰǻԺУʹ㲻ٰңʹһԸ, ʹٲҲԭ¡
ƽ󣬴ʪͷ
һĻưͷʪ, ҵһʦһЩǮġ
ε覿Űʪļͷ˳ӵ˳, ϵĴ·ָһ롣
˵Ǯ, ʦɾʮ㣺λÿ𡣡
ڵ, ε˼ɵؿ밲ůĻ˫Ҳ䣺Ҿ޲Լ޸ĸĹ¶ȫƾԼ⣬Լ
˵ʲôɵأʪյ޷ںҹıɫһĶͷü˵ҵϵǵһлǸȥֵôôõСϱ
˭Сϱˣ
в죬ɢ˻˵ε覲Ųš
ԣȥѾȥˣмʮ꣬ûѡһ֣ʹ˰ɡ޲֣Ҵȥһûзĵطǣذꡣ
õĻε覵Ժȴ
¼ˣ´˿жҸ죬ɱɱʹͻϯ
ɱЩݺ㣬صĻˣᶯɱ𣿻ɣ
ʱֶĻͷмǳֻ̬ҪõͿڸǡûôε覾˵ˡ
ˣҪĴˣǲŮٵġ
˲ľεΪͻȻ˵
˫ε΢΢꣬ůЩ˼롣
ʶǰε̰ģҲǼȿɵġʶԺҪǺͰҪɣҲǺͰĻɡ
ע̰ע󲻵áǾԼ޿ǰǡ

һߣڰǶؼҾд˰εңε覸絽
εϰ壬ЦأҵĶСεһ飬֮Ȣѽ»ҸĸǶź󣬶෽ҲʾֻͬҪϵͷҺͶС±ɶ¡ҽǰݷãΪ˱⡣ЩĸðļεϰεЦɡһĲƷԼ޳С
ү֪㻹δʮꡣε徫ĺܡ
С㳤꣬Ҳ⡣ҵ¿ȶ£ĸ֮ý֮ԣŶСӦúһТ֮ˡ
һֻϳĪ԰ûԵ⡣ðȢƫҪȢǿ
СŮţò䱻˹飬Ȣǰ̣ɲֹүһˡ
εһֻϺ̧꣬ǹüεﲻǼƷ
ڣεϰкֱԣ
Ȣ߲ȨƣεĳҲΪѣ˵Ȩ󡣡εԿΪɣû𸴡
˭ϻ˭ǲè˭˭ûãֵ塣úüãЩ˵ȥˡ
ѮӢһҵ䣬һСŮǰεʾˣүذɡ
ǡ

ư˱
뿪ʱ״ӻưİε覣˾ֹܣΪ㡣
ûͣ潻棬Ӯ˰
ͣˡ
ε覰׸ƽ˫չ氲ϣΪɷ¡
ΪͣҲҪע塣ȥÕưһ뽪£
ҸΪҰĽסε覵ָ᲻÷ſεİޣˡ
ڼſأЩε観֣˽ߣָׯ̬
µ»ѡУΪһ˽εҵ棬᲻ҵ
ᡣεҡͷҪǵãںδҵĶġǰϴȨյ·ˣҵΪأŮ˽顭
Ů˽飬ҲҪĻΪı̫࣬ҲΪԼıһЩĶˡ
ıһ㡣

صңڸǰɵʮ޳ָټϡ
ۣε覵ʱӺͶ
ָ棬򣬵¥ϰĵ٩㣬Ҫһʦ٣
ءϰ¼Һϧϧȥϵӣ˰Աߡ
ֹͣϧϧԴߵŹ̨ߣӴĲ̸
ϧϧѡߡ
Сèսᣬһֻǰצڲ̵ͷ
ЦŰϧϧ߶ڵϣϲȥɡ󻽵ƣҰһ͵䡣
䣬ΪԼҽ㲻׼ӣסȥ鷿
Ŷ
鷿飬Ҳ£ֻаĹ
ؿŰۿɼдšˡ֣㣬з£
α˫ֽڸǰȢΪ𣿡
ȹֺٺٵЦҲڶ£˵룬Ͱȥݼף
š㵱ȻϣҸҰҵϱû⡣ûʲô飬ȴлˡ
Ů֮飬̸ۼ޶ǴϲԼĸ飬Ϊξͼù⣿
ûһءڰ޴ӵ֪òǳǱֳˣ
ûС
ôˣٿüӡ
عǰεϰϺ׬˵Ǯûͬ⡣عҲε覹ӽ㣬˵Ļ´ٳεҺͰҵĺ
׬˵Ǯɫб䣬׬Ǯࡣ㣬εйᣬš
Ĭ꣬ĿضŰүԱͦ죬ҼǵմŰץؼҺɲô˵ġ
һţһʱһʱʱŻ˽⻦гҲ˽ϴ۸ӵϵƾͼƼε覶飬Ϊ˰ﰲס»ϯλԴҽѧŴ⣬Һеϵεֳ⡢ٵİ࣬ҰҲ֮Ϊ顣
ɫ˵꿴ֲ˾䣺εε壬εε覣ҡ
û£ҲûǿĹ㲻㡣
˰ҸðٴΡ⡱ε覶飬Ҳ밲Լʧðϱ
·вͨͷ
뵽ĵ·ֻʣ´ε˽ˣҲҪȵʮѮ»᳾䶨
ǣûˣҾͻ˯ˣ
æһЩϵҪͬϸþѰҵĺ

ãǰҸ˵޷󳧸ʮ̨»ŷսҵĺ裬Ϊֻʮ̨ȽĻݹʮ̨½ˣҪȽڵͰٷ֮ʮϼʮ̨»
㲻˵¶ҹ𣿡
Ҳ˵ˣһʱһʱ˰˵Ļ죬ݹʮ̨ɺγڸ㰵жһ£š
Ŷ
Ŷò鲻Ը
㣬治ϲγ򽻵˹Űִֹúܡ
ΪŰִֹʮ԰ĿɼҪӴû֮ߣùϵڹ˽ŷ㣬Ϊá
УСܽˣлϰԴ̡ȭ˵˰ɣҿȥ˯𣿡
ԣ


24 
պ, ΰǿ˰ţΪ˲鷳صصȥ˾ıؾ֮·ϡ
ϰ, ǿү, ҽԺиȷϲӶľѻΪǺ/, ҲûɥĲĳ̶ȡϰ, ǿү
ûвδ³Գİʵиأ
һСˣӪһҰĦ, Ƿ˸//·, ׷ծҪĵ꣬ϸ
ɱܵõĵꣿ, ǾҰɵǾҺƭĺì, ֲ֪֪ŭУȻΰǿô, ҾˡЩ˵ģĲģҲ롣½, 
еܵܣа, мҵ, ֮ͽ
ΰǿƲϵǾƲ, ԽԽû֮ˡҪþõػȥıһδ
Ϸһݱֽһűǰ½սӾѻڰɳɱ
磬絽﹫˾ģǶղܡ
˾ҰĴ࣬䴦ô֮󣬾ͽˡ
Ǻشүݹ٣ֻһۣԹԵ칫ߡ
Ҫ¡
һʿģ״̬ͬܽյɫ½ϼ죬ԼҴСİΣ칫ҡ
ſסֱԲСнҪĻ˵㲻ڳ
ʾ½¡ԼҲӣԼĵ̣Ķ֣˹˹ĵҲһռϷ磬ǿʲô
ϰİ칫ڶ¥ռ䲻СЧѡ
˵ɣʲô£ºʡ
ܽŲصߵǰӸµؿŶŮˣε覣ε覣ʲôϵ
ֱ棺ҵļ£شүδҲ̫ܵˡ
ԵܱʧأɫҲһˣǰ̣Ϊ֪Ծ󲿷˶飬̲ˡ
ǿѹŭڴͳһŷ⣬ֽŷĶȡϣһζ԰ʵң㲻ɫҵʵԭ򡣡
ϵģƬ
ƬϵˣĲˣǼǰεϽ֣ĵǵĻ档
ӵģ̯ǰСܵģòʱֵģµģͬư§ġ
˵ûг⣬ЩƬϵĻ͸ò޶¡
εʱڣֻҪŶԷزס
ŭ˸ң
ûôܷϣƬġ
ܣ˵ʵƬŽ룬ȻҴӴ˱ǵˡ
˳˵һеһʵڲص⣬ķΪ˻С
ʱ˷ɣθ˸飬˭Ǯⲻȥ
ûʲôҪҽ͵𣿡ִҪһ𰸡
ҵ£޹ءתſ߱˵شү֮ƽ۰ٻ⣬һûʲô̸ġȰ˷ʱ䣬ҪģԶܴõ
ܱĻ̼ݴסҲϲŮˣ𣿡
簲ϣȻıߴ󣬵ʵǿֻһһͲȣܾͳʹ֡Ťһȭֱܴ˵ӱϡ
ûдѾǰʴˡ
һֳأһŶӣʹؿ򰲾
ԸŰΪ֧Ű϶Ͼ˼˸飬ҲԸŰĥ/֮ãԼһŮˡ
ֻǰöԲԣСܻŽңĵʵǣҸҪٴһȭȭС
򴽲
ϣҲϡ
ûϣ¾ǹʱ
ĥ/֮/֮öΪݣεѾˣΪԼమεұڶϳ֮ҲΪԼû˵ĭ֮¡
ܣҲҪĵǸ·죬Ǹ߸·ƽ۰ٻ̳Ĺɷݣһᾡת֡˵꣬˰칫ҵţشүذɡ
۶£Ļ䡣
ϲҲ޷ŮȾһԼܵȢŮȾ/뱳/£ռˡ
ʲôأ
ˡ
ܰͦߵſڣñΪԼľڡ
ҰӲ֮¡Ϊ˱ӣΪ˳ͦ»ᣬʵε覱һЩˡ
ܣ˼⼸Ƭ˭ĸܵģĸĿʲô
ܾѣѺأ˭кô
һңֲԼε½ȥ顣Խ֤Խ⣬ԽԽ׳Ϊ˰ѱ
ڰ̫ˡ
űܵʴôֲ嶯һ¸˺侲һ룬ʵòء
ϺˣĲвɸ˵һ棬һŭֶֻ±֮޲
øǰ˽¼һסС

εҡ
鷿ڣεŴͳ̶Ķ棬һźɫʿñˡ
ŷޣּѩѣһں˵εϰ壬оô˵ţŶˣǧգñһʱСߵ˴㣬ʱˡ
ŵʽʲôʱ򵽣
ʮתʽɲһСĿ޿֣⵹ΪԼ󻼣ⲻ˵ǸҵĽװɣǵĽףǰҽ뻦̻»ᡣ
εҲòһٵֻҪٴݾߣ߳ʤ㡣
ƺش𣬶˶̻ңǸŮǸĺݽɫҪ֪길ĸڸͷ겢⣬˵᲻᲻һдҲҪΪ˫ױѩޣ
ǳ/ըҪ¶ĸεͨСؤѳ̨Ÿȥġ
ΪʱͰͬʱȡһ̵̨ľ޶ʽ
̨̾סڸͷ꣬ԼʱԭǱ/ըĵڶ죬ĸȴڱ/ը챻ƭȥ˷꣬밲ĲҾ硣
Сؤ˿žͱε˻Ϸһƾ޾ݣ޶֤
/ը峿̨ӹһҲ⣬εС͵װԣ̨ȥѲ
С͵ȻҲյı˻
εǳ/ըˡ
ǳ¶ûôٻĴɶͻɿε岻ϧֳϷҲҪǫ̵̃ʽҲΪٻΨһĴϰ壬ţװ׸˵ԼѪˡ
һҵȺסͬͬ飬̨ôôǮȥðգͶٻ
ʱΪ˱Ҳ˻ε˳˳ȹٻĵһѹء
ԴϢһݵףŮĻ밲һޡ
һϵѣв֪£ͬҲУֻ಻١ֻҲϣٴεҲǳصģһζá
GoodҾεϰǿǿѡףٴκ졣ŭЦ

¥ԷΪε̣ΪϸʵĴޱ
С㣬°˺öˣƫϲϿʲôſ壬ˡûǧǧҪˡ
ԾΣı˽Ŀģ˶
Ƕ˽լԺܱߴƬصĲȨҲڰεҾûôˣλ˾ۼı
˸˶ǿµ
ܳҲܿġ
ε覲ɵڰңΪ¾ٰɶԡ
һθôͬԡѡദǳԣȾƳԷϷܿɹ顣
뵽ңͲ뵽˰кüûˣвǣǸҲ˱ε鷿̸¡
ε覷߳ӭ濴εʣС𣿡
ڣڵġ
ţȥɡ
ǣү
·ε壬⵽һɫݸ߸ߵñӵˡ
ϿԷֱ棬Ǹˣһǵġ
ҶͣС鲽ǰߡ
ֹŵûסͷһֻۣʣε廹⡣
ǸεҲֹһˣÿҹ˾ֱү鷿;κ˽ݵź
ӡУү̸ڼ䣬ֻжС㱻үнȥ
Сķ䣬컹ǵһΡ
Сʲô˵أ
ֻߣԶСʲô֮ɵڲׯ¡


25 v
µĺ, µλϰ绰ȣϾεֻжС˿СҲûд
ĳЩʱ, öСͬ, ΪСҲԵ޹ʾͱ˴
ֻС㴩ñãסñ, Եñðˡ
ӵЩĶС, ȴҲûбġڼûСЦԴʶλϰ󣬶Сÿ棬϶ŽߵЦݡ
СЦ, Ů˵һ
ٺͬҲֻ, ǲȥ绰ͨ籨ŵġ
˵绰ֻ»үһ, ضҲὫð, ٶȥ
ݽˣ޹ؽҪεңεɾܰڸǹȥ, Ϊ˱˶
ֻΪСС㻢գȻ
Сʱ, Ǹ뿪ˡ
ߵİСʱһֱڳſ͵͵, һ˳, ͻŻܽݡ
С㣿С㣬, 
εϵãǱڴ̿Ҳš˫ֽŸ첲ڵ̺ϣҺʪͷҲסŲҰ׵Ѫɫ
ԣʵСôˣ
ңҡ
ãҲҲջ֣òУңʲô
εȴ¶Цݣһ뽪ɣȽˡ

Ӣ˷ɴͬһӪٻֻ̳߸߶·ߣֻƷֻӴٹˡ
ʢ¡صĿҵƻᣬźϰ嶼ȻҲյˡ
лܼε覣
ѹεûյĴ𸴣ػжϣھƻϼεϯε覡
ңңĿ⽻㣬˴Ԥ֮С
ε覺ܿջߣŬѰźĻ⣬봴ε覵ദ
һȴ췽Ӣ˾Ӣϻ˿ûͲ˿Ӣλ͵ĵʾһӭ͸лҽ߹εСһĵһ֧衣
ܣ׶
ε覽ûдۣǴȹڣĿݳ֣δһۡ

Ⱥ룬һһת趯
ֽ޷§ε䣬һֻε覽ţĻȡ
ɰ˼пŶˡ
ӣһգʿ֮ε覵ֱ
εҶСţˣڻƯĹȢҵӡЦε壬֪εϰ壬ôſϽŮ޸ң
һڳ͵ķ׷ۡҶԼͬε壬Ĵ𸴡
ĸᵽɤ۶
εɽЦ𣺡10ƸСŮˡ
10򣿣
10ڻԹʮۡ
10ֻȰ75̨»ҪļǮ5
Ӣ˴»ǽйװްٻ̳ģôǮܽôǮһŮϡ
š
ǰ˵δ֮йӴ֮ǰֻڱֽϿƬ
֪һڴӦһΪεϰ壬ǶˣľòôǮҼ£10ƸһϡεϰҪǲţҿȳ2󶨽ҸǰεϰͨڣöСҺȺȲԳԷ顣
ͰһûҵʱӴε覵ģвİڡ
꿨һ˵ǣ߷ߵغºƣƱϣѡ
ΪεɿڸᣬһϷֻо˱ߡ
վЦ㻨10ӭȢһСӣͲ±˳Цйճ֮ġ
ֵȺΪõڿʱһ˲£׳ŵ̧ͷͦߵ˿εм䡣
ָε覼˵ʱӦò˰ɣѵ֪ǱҰ˹ŮȢֻںȦﶼϲ̨档ӣɹ10ļֵɵ𣿳ǣҪľֻǸʹõůߣ޻˵
žԲѷİڣһ¡

Ī裬ҲֻԹ޵صŰ̲ŵ˵𣿡
һţҹ˵顣
òʧİڣɨڳˣܴ԰ģλƴȭͷҲ򲻹³çˣýѵǡ
ε覵ڵðź⣬ʼնûûиκλӦ½ֻһ

ڻͷ뿪ƻ󣬿ٴǰסε覵ֶ˱ʾԼ׷氮õһУںʲôŵڣ˸ε׼Ϣҡ
Ծƻϵ˵ָָ㣬ľεĮӣػ
εҲ뿪˾ƻžƱ尲˵˼þϰЦˣþϰ˲ìܣⱭҵ񡣡
ȴԹٱԵε˵Ǹεϰ壬ǰĳԵܹ̲ܵܽܣεСôίܼˣĶ氲ȥСǸʱʧһ¡
ε岻ÿɷ
ͷβվڱ߽ǵش־ܣڰ߳󣬱㱻ˡ
ϰ壬ŴܿɲΪ˹ά

һЦϰ嵱Ϊ˲þϰķģϧᷢ顣˵ʵҺϰһҰҺ޵Ʒ£Ҳûпԭ˺ŮǺܶǮ㹻Ǻˡϰ壬ҶˣӦúҸոյаɣ
ľᣬѿ
밲ʲĵڶ죬ˡ
ջΪͣǸ͡
ɽأ
ȷ塱ԼΪε覵ÿŶ˼ֹģϣ׽Ӱ޻̸֮ɱ˫ۣá
ȼϣȴϣܽĹɷأΪĸҪǮȥȢϱ
һڵˡ
ЦŻظԹӢѹ˹أΪȢεСΪޣһǧֺηĳڴˣǰԤףóԸձ˹顣
ϰ弪ԣ
Ӧ꿨ƵϢس뿪ķ˹ȥҪǶ˾ʲôġ顱

Ϣҿռ䲻һ˺޵棬һµľɳԼһųİӡ
ε覱ɳϣ裬Ǽҳ㷹
İѽ
ͨѰ̧Ҫţ˶ַˣֱӰŰŶ룬ȥŷ
Žյķţﲼ͵Ĺ⡣һ԰İĽ֮黯ΪСǰжϲھж
Ϣڣε覵ģѡ˵ҪģԼȴû
εǰȴûõӦ
ȥε覵֣Ҳ㿪εֻſ˫ۣε˶˻С
ϰءε˵ţûֻƽó档
أأŭץļ磬̧ͷε覣ǰһԼͣǣͩС첻͸Ҫأ
ε覵˵Ҳ֪ûˣ֪⼸ܷı𣿡
һᣬͻˣܲ˵رסԲҲĶŭҴˣö㷢𣬲㣬ô
ǵε覰ίᶼŹ⼤й
ĵǸεķǽȻرҺۡ
ţۡ
ɳıûá
ε֪ûϣ밲ˣԲŴҳɫµĿ꣬һС˵ĶԣٻǰδеҪתʽòʽٻ³ǱĴ˾չѪ᲻ý买͡
أѺҲԡ
Ůܻȡ޶ǮƣֳɵĽݾߣȥдծ
ε塣
ǸˣһҲˡ
ɵ¡ĺ⣬æһ£㻹ңһ취ָɡȵʱȥû/սҲûʶǵĵطӡҪ飬ȥ磬ҲԴȥ⡣
֤Щʵ֣εһϣ
ҵأ㲻֮£ʲôûΪ㸶ҲǸˡ
ҵǰģǿƣҲҪңҪҲҪһΪǵδȫԸ֮ǰҪǿҪ¸ҡ
˵ʱץε覵ĸ첲ε覡˻صһ
ôˣץˣ
εҡͷ
մǷʽ߳䣬󱳰Ƭ幤ա
·µˣǰ챻Ƥһһ³ġ
˵Ҫ㸸ǿǻʲô֮ǲСʧͱҾ͵/ˡ
˵ˣȰϿˣҾͿԾ/Ūˡǹҿɲô⽨أԽǻ/ŮˣǹԽܻӭ
˵ɹһ֮ңûˣôðΪ㻯嶯ħĸԸأ
˵ε覣һ죬ҵģεҲǡ
ħ겻ɢ


26 
ε覵ķӦɻ, ǿε覵ӣĿ۴ʹ˰۾ñӴ㣿
Ƥˡεûзϣ, ûµ, Ҫ˼ͻá
˭ģŭɶ, ˭ģ

εȻ, αסŭ㲻Ҫ嶯, û¡ܵƤ֮ʹ, ܱȣܱȡ
ܱȱ/̣Ҫǿ
û˵ĺ, ܲļϳ谮ǻ˰
˵Ҫ, ȻأԼȴʲôûΪ
ʱ˿̣ޱʹԼΪʲôˣ
ˣֱ׳վͿ˾ε, ¸ȫҲԸ⡣
ΪԼŮˣΪ˹ȫֻ֣ԹİŮ˱/, ˵ɻȥ
һθеһθеԼΪ
ʹͬ˵Ĳ, ε覽ߵ, ַ˶ԼΪŮ˵ĻɡԼˣϲ
ˡ
һ, Ƕϲϱ˴ˡ
ͨĿƣԻ
Ȼʶ֪మһͬѰ·Ǿ̹ȻӭӽĿ飺ߡ
һ¡εסմȾĿ֬Ӧң嶯𣿡
̾á

ϢҳͿ˿ǽ̵߳ܡ
ȻҲ˿ŵ̧ͷŰε覽յ֣ԳЦЦͷӵϲ
ϰεСĸǴʲôʱôõģڰǰǶ󣿡
ε覾ʧشӰѣŵ̬͵үˣҺ;ϰڡڶǵһΪ˻Եʣϰ嵣ҵе𣬲ŶҶշϰơ
ƣЦЦ
ܣ˵Ѿ˵ˡͷԣǻۣдõǰ;ԼƺԴصˡ
ƽľظñӣϣҪŮ˽ҲϣҪΪεĲֶ֮ˡ
Ȱ˵Цøˡ
ˣҶ죬أǻʵˡǾϰ壬ϲ𣿡
ү㡭Һ;ϰʲôϵҲûС
ĵ̹Ȼˣٴסε覣ʾٶ˵һͬʧĿ⿴ˣܣҴˡõŵ£ү硣
Ʋܣε覷صƻǣһûҪӵ˼
ε˵ĶԻЦݡ
εϰ壬Һͻ᳤ҵƴСã¶ˣ֪һվصؽҪһȥׯ԰Сסףεϰ岻᲻ҺСӰɣ
̻Ļ᳤Ƕٴٹ˶Ҫͷȥͽ᳤ŮĸãϿɲǻ᳤ĸŮ
ӣε嵱ȻҪգþϰС̧СŮҡ覰ȥСмҪжִ磬򲻿ʧ
ǣס

Ͱε覴˰ңεҲֻ׿ϡ
ƣʰͷ
С㣬ʰ¥¥ס¥ס¥ƿɲҺҴ⣬Ϊ
¥üõĲ˿ʹƷ
ǣε覵֣վһҲˣȥҷóҹɡ⽣ԲࣿʲôֻҪǼģС
ԶεҵεĶˣڰı£ҲʱھƻϷһв졣
һЦ氲¥ࡣ
ã
û¥µԾӦСԵȣֳɵģΪ׼ģȺأȥʢ
Ӧҹ趼᰾౸ţոȾƣҲθܣȵθ
ν밲ķ䣬ε覵ӴЩٵͷ
һ۾Ϳ϶棬ͰھԺĺӰ
Ƭ
ĵúðɣƬˣôһ衢赺ϵľ¡
ε覱Կôʸ֣Լ𣿡
Ҫ˵ͺˡ
סˣ赯裬ʲôûŵģ
εС㣬ŪĻΪ棬Щȡ˵ĵСˡε覴δԼ߱ЩնеԺôŮˣܸıز
˵мٱŮˡͷԵҧһε覵Ķ䣬ϴ뿪ϳ˵ټһ׼ٸ˹ʲôˡ
ε覱ҧû򣬸ϰֱһ֧òã
ȷ᲻ᣬ
Լȸ衣ϣõһ֧裬ǰġ
ҡֻ貽̻ľƻϣ̹
ûϵҸ㡣
ε覴Ӱг룬شԱ߹ϵ̧߽ӯӯһЦ
Ҳ̧ȥԸҲȵ㡣
㲻ġ
ǰɫŮˣϲˣĴӢۣİӡ
һ֧ŵ裬εȴ㡣
ء
һèдͣ½Ų
ϧϧ𤰲ÿÿͻѰ׷󱧡
ε覵ĴΧǽűתϧϧϧϧ˰°Ͳ˲ԴСһĪ˱ģ
εζһֻèҸĴֿɼġ
ϧϧ˭ˣ
СèڳĽ׶Σղͷ˲١
ε覴ȹӣ㱧˳ĳëĴָڸղű°ͲĵطĦúܺá
Ⱦ˱ſϧϧϣٴε覴ӡһǣҲ㡣
ţС㣬ˡ
ʵһСˣֻͽŲûóȻȥš
֮ǰ޹ֻССС㣬ѵôСֶһô׽ѣҲ̴ǡ
ŵģϧϧȥŷŴЩţҲͣˡ
裬ɡ
ϹС࣬Ҳ֪ϲεСĿζһ߰ڷŲ룬һ߶ǴӾƻӦö˰ɣȵö಻ࣿ費Ҫ
ˣǶȵ١£ε֣ССһ࣬գ׼˺
䣬ֺǵӴСҶ˼ˡ
ʲô˼ġС궼գĸŮô죬޲ڣм𣿡
εҲһϣͷðࣺ˺ʳ
û˵ɣʳһʪݸε覣֡
ϲҾûаæԣһꡣ

İƱűӽ˿ͷ첽¥ڰſڣҾ˵ôʰͷԭǽڽݲؽ㣬Ů飬㲻Ͱܵ˰ɣ
үε覵һʱʩ
òøôæ¡
㻹ûôнģԱ˾ͻط˯ԼȥҳԵġ
Դ尲ɵı֮£ŲΪ֪ܺ󣬰Ͷſࡣ
Ӻɷ򣬰СǸˣŻƳӡ
ȫڹ˾ֻҪϲ뵽˾ĹѸѧĸ˽Ķ֣ʱ˵ùЩ˰·㲻òӹܡ
Ŀɲͬһ£ű߿˺üӲ˵˵Ľ㡣Ѧͬһǹи֤ʵˡһҰĦϰʵǱ԰ϴ/Ůˡ
˵Щͬкιϵ
Ѧϰͬûϵΰǿа
ţҲεڳؿŰʵѦǲΰǿɱģ
ӣֺǼɵ£ٹܡ
ûǣҹܵ£˵ߣܼУ㲻᲻֪԰ΰǿ׷ɱɣֶҪΰǿͷ
ֹ˵ȥ
ۼ˵ͨε覣εС㣬ҽ¾ǿү֪ĴԣضšǲǴԣʵǽߺѣͰҲȰȰﶼЩ֮ͽ𡣡
˵꣬ŤͷȥȰˣֱεȰ
ѧǰЦʹ㣬ҹعΰǿǲǾͻҽˣ
ܿ϶ػش𣺡ᡣ
ΰǿ̸жĽ飬ǶԱ˴˶أΪһͬҪػˡ
ŰԶΰǿ죬ͬԼԶ˰ƴ˷һ
ΰǿξȹֻҪǰ˵ģͼŲɡ
ε覽׷Ẓ̌ˡ
ͷۡ²˳
԰¾òɿȫ˶֪ˣ᲻֪
ؽҪΰǿһ£ǽ֪ص鱨ǴĶģ
ѦôҪ𣿹־ȻΪ¾ΪС
ˣүҲΪİȫ롣ε覵ָڰ̫ѨϣʲôʱȥСǶ
⣬ε覵Ȼס
°ķѾˣҲ֮ôˡ
֪ˣҲʲôοѰǵðҲأҶ׵İйء
ģڰߣһӹһЩ
֣㴩õģȥǶСס졣Լ˽լвɵ˴ǡǺҪõѣŮСҵĸŮ
ţġε§ס°͸ļϣΪ˰ңΪ˰Ҫϣ㣬ΪҺúϧ
һģһĳŵһŬ
ΰǿ֣û¾һȴǰϧˡ


27 
ͷѾʰ׵, ûε覼̾ȥͷ׼ԡˮ
¹óһɫ˯¸ε覣µģϴûͷûԡ, ҷϴɡȰȹӻ, бҩҸȥ˯
ε覲·, ŰСʵ, 봩㴩ģ𣿡
ЦЦ˯·Żȥһ׾ƺɫĳ׸һЩ, 䡣
Ҳ䡣ε覽·, ڻС
εϴ꣬ҩȥ˿ͷεԡڼ, Ѿ˴, ΨֻĴϸڲܵ
˵ӷڴߣҩƷڵϣվڴβε֣ȥ
ε, Ҫ˯ʱſڣ˯ĴȴŲˡ
Լ, ָϸϸظҩʮ, ᴵ, һ㶼оۡ
ֱϵļˣḧǵĵۣ, 㿴ң˵ϻûбĵطˣ
ε覵ÿ켫ˣҲ̵úܡ밲Ķٵʧ˿ڡ
ת˼Ŧۣ¶Ҳ米ɫֱϻҪ˺ۣҲֱ۵˸ʹ
¶ļȵģǰǡ
۰ɡ

ˣ𶯣Ҫʼҩˡ

ҹꡣƼ˰չһ鿴Ƿϡ
ǶСҲİε԰
ƴ·һյ͵ڰ⣬ͣٻȥ˯
ҹȵһ죬ǳߵİ͵شӴһǺ
ֿ˵ƣԽԽԽԽԶ
ԼһСʱͣˡ
´ˮϴ˰侲󣬹˵Ƴȥ
С㣿ƻûߡ
ꡣָڴǰȥ˯ɣҹˡ
áС㡣

¥ε覷ǰתŰ־Ϳˣ룬ûš
ŵؽţСͷεҲ
ţҲ˼ҵ뷨Ʊ˱ѣˣ¡¡Ļף˵ġ
ε̿ʣʲôû´ף
˭ûˣǰŲŲ˯
ε覺м֮ĻУ§סһǣã˯ҵĴӢۡ
Գİĳˣǵ
˯š
˯𣿡
㡣

Ƥá
εס죺ٲú˯͸طˡ
ȴģ⣬ε֣˲
ڻô
㡭
ε覵ĻǶ˴ݼ䡣ͨˣӦ
ε覵ĴִĲ´/ĺ󱳣סʮָۡ/£鵽ʦͨ
еİôҲǲˣ޲εԼĹ
ȵתأε覵쾱ϡ
һ᲻ŵ/Ķ䣬ſˮһһ磬һһ°ͣ
֣˳Сۣ䣬ϡ
ɤЩ˻ƣҲ˰ϡ
Ȼͻˣֶͣˡ
ŲԼ֣е˵Բ𡱣ӵε覣ʧǣǷͷԡԲҲð㡭
ε覵ִŰıҲǻϲģ𡣡
ѡʱ˳¸˰ǲڣԹֻҪ;ֹ
һδδû֮ǰҲԼôõ㡣
ãҵ㣬δ
ţϣҿԳԵķŨ𣿡
ԡʲôʱԣҶԸΪ

ս˰ҪúöųǱߵʱ㱨Ͻָεѣʰһ½ϲȥ˽լ
˽լһʽׯ԰
󲿷ֵʱǺɷŮһסڵıżˣߵׯ԰ȼٻ߾ٰ¾ۻʲôġ
סء
ϰ壬㶼Ͱһãлл㰡
С㡭
εڽͣס󷽣ܸɣУճȺˣ
Ц˻ӴΪϸãǺ˶īˮ
̨вУſε覣ת³С깴˹ָҵıСʶˣ
Сͷؿε覣ŴʵԱߵƯ˭ѽ
˽ܣλƯǸãҲСС̡СԺ̡
̡Сĺ
Сԡø豧СһڣһС죬գİɣ
ģ
ҹεԡʱ绰˵˾ƻϰϡõ
϶ˣҲֻϣҹװС·Ʒ
ڼͣ˾ǹˡ
䱾Ǹɾģִɨһ顣ʱҪɨҪС굽ܣæҲֻɨԡһԡ
ε覵ƷװһȷȥǼɨĿԡ
ҺеϵҪ̸̴Сȥ¥»԰Ҫ庢ӣԱߵͤһ̸һȲ衣
ţæɡСܹɣĸŮҲϲҡ
ϲ㰡ҪȻҲһͺƯˡ
С԰׽Բأεһ԰СˣͰڶ¥̨衣
ǸĿ֮ˣֻעܣҺҶţҲϰΪеӣʼص¡
żμӾƻᣬһǳ棬ϰҵķ˺ǧСύһЩ˵ߡ
ҰٻϷޣʵϴ᧿ΣεĿǰĲ״֧Ųһٻ¥Ҵµ;¥Ѱҡ
̻Ը𣿡
ȷ򡣲
ʲô
͸¶Ӣչٻ
Ĭˡ
ϢʵôεŻÿ׼10ƸΪʱ䱣סٻ
ֻߣΪʱֱεÿչٻ
ʲô㣿ζؿŰʵ뷨ܵƽ۰ٻˣҵǰΣˣ
ҡͷҸܣɢˡ
һôģŰꡣŭǲʲô£
һʵʵ˹ˣܶʲô£
Ҳǣ˭һȭܴһֻϻľϰԿ
࣬ҪǮǮ·˼Ǻľ
˵˵
Ӣɴ԰вܴ󣬹˾еʽ»ĸˡҺ˶Թ޷ټұмĺ⣬Ըƽ۰ٻĹɷݣ˵˾ǲԸǮңֻҡʲôҵķȥԭֵʮĹɷݣѹ򡣡
ε覵ġѱӢƻҲڳƶԼεС˽顱˱ƫƫֱ׳ط
Ȼܰûε覵³£ʮһʲ£æȼü֮ƽ۰ٻǱ߾š
ٻ̳ǣ̫ˣҲ͡ǮҿԽ㣬Ǿ¥
ΪǮ׳εͷҵǸͷӣ˳ҲԼ˽ӪõΪõߡҪɣһǮӦûܴյģҰɷǶҲṩʽ֧Ԯƾ֪֪׶ĹϵϢˡ
10ûУҪֳɵǮ
εĸףʱȨŮκˡ
εҵİ취˳ȢذҡۼεͿǳ˫Ϸɹ̼
һδ裬Ʒһ۵رˡ
ǰǣ㹻ǮҲ𺦰ҼҲҵ档
Ǯľô
ǸģСģұعҾ¡ϰ壬Ҫ10Ұͦ󰡡಻˵УҲ˵ûУ˼Ƭ̺˵ҺϼƺϼƣЩٸ𸴰ɡ
δʲôһھ10
Լ֧Ǯң˾Ĺɷݣ򲻵Ѳܶ˽ĻôʵǮܵиŷȥ
Ȼ˵
ֻԼƾղ²ͷ
ʱ˿̵֪࣬ھƻεͿ֮ε覵ġ10󡱽ס
绰ֻ˵εദŷͶԵǰ˻Բס˼ңֲһ¡ھƻϱ/裬ɢɢġ
࣬ǸùҺͶԵҹ˲ϵʱ򣬷ܼķΧտš
ۣ˵ĸ̻ᶼ֪εҶСҵĸˣҵ뿴˭ôۣ۸ͷ

ǸʮСѾͷС׽ԲصƵľ޴ԼԿüɫӰ
εС꣬ʵ̫СദҲ庢ӡ
ֻ֪СҪģڳ԰Сһ
С϶ɫ·ϲüң˵ҵˣҵˣ
Ҫӽʱŵ״ǰԵ
ε覸ţۼֿץסСĺ죬ĲȣתС껤ǰԼ򱳳ˤ˹ȥ
Ϊ԰־µۣıԵöƬ˶͵ġ
ΪƵ߶ЩȵԵʣε硣ֻá˻һ·ƣüҲ̽Ѫ⡣
С걳εϣһ󣬴˳
̿ϵѪæС꣬¥Ϻˣϰ壬Сˣ
ڵһƫƣ̵ĿˮϣҲûע⡣
²һλãٵ¥


28 
󱳱, ۵ε覲Ҷҧ촽Ű


, սϸ鿴˴, Ŀġ£, Щ, һ̡
ε覵ͷ˫ץס·ͷҲϡ
ĲвԴƬǶ˿ڴ, ˳ƬѪȾ·ϡ
§εվֱ壺, ҪƬҡҪʵ, ҧҡ
šҧİ, ֻҧš
˱ʵʵ˵Ĺͷȥ
Ѿ˵绰Ժͻҽ, ȥɡ
࣬лˡͶлһЦ
䣬С֡
С, ûʹŴﱧԼŮѯʵʹĻ, һҪ䡣
С겻ʹ, Сǣ¡ҿҲ, ǲǺʹʹˣ᲻ᣬ᲻СС϶س
ûµС̲꣬ʹҲεʹһ΢Ц
Сꡣ漴ε覵Ļ費СԹԵĻôÿ϶˰ɣ˾ͺú˯һ˯ˣ̾Ͳʹˡ
ˣСҲͷ⣬Ҫ˼
ȱСݡ౧СߣŤͷε˵˵㻤Сûˣлл飬Ҽˡ
С㡭
ٽСˣԺԺ㡣

ͷǶһˮţ˱ҩæϰ壬ҩ䣬Ұɣ
ءϣˣȥҷտСɡ˳㶣Щ嵭ġлˡ
˿ڵĻǻŪģһӡڳεûôڡ
̵ǡ˳ţ⻹һμϰ˽ģ
ǲǺۣûڣ۵ε覵ĶͷѺʪ޷󣬡óѪ٣ҽ֮ǰȰһ´ڡ
ţ̵סεϣǰ㣬һץŷ֣һֳԲϡ
üƵĵطøøɾʪ˿ܱߵѪСС̡
ܿ죬ҽˡ
ǸŮˡ
绰ʱصҪġ
εδĹƤӵ˵˱ҽΪأǰ
Ҳʲôصеѡ϶ѡŮҽˡ
Ůҽشε覼ιǴˣһ崴ҩһ룺ˡ
Ǹ׵˿ʣҪ𣿡
ŮҽûҪ˿ڲǺճմˮȾÿ찴ʱҩһݿϡһ̺ۣ޷ȫҴҽԺ̵ҩ࣬˿ϺԲ
ףлл
̣ε覶û˵ֻаҽҴ
ڱ·ѼŮҽȻҲεҲ米ˡ
ŮҽûʣΪֱóǱ״ණģˡýҲŵͿĨҩζҲûҪȥ졣
ûʣΪѲµôġ
ŮҽǣҾˡ
㡣Ůҽಢİ
˵ֻͣͣߵ;Уһ仰Ҳûͬ
˴ſڣҲֻǶ˾˵˾䣺ȫ͸ҽҽԺ
溣Ůҽ֡
ҽԺ绰Ĵָÿȥʱ򶼻رҪŮҽ
ÿҲǸ溣ѾҽԺĬԼĬ
ҺáţǳЦ
Һʲôüʵ
ûʲôҺòˣϻʱҪңСֱӴҼĵ绰Ҹ̣ǵõġ
ֽĶϣ
֪Уĸ£ôԻĵ̥£ʳԲɵġ
Ťͷ𴦣ĸ溣һ˫˵ĵۣЦĻš
ųʻ룬ĵغһÿμ溣һֵֺĸоֲᡣ
ǣڣЦҲ˵˵úܣ

ڣֻʣεˡ
Ӵзε˯£ûڣ·˰ɣЩ
š
εˣûոԹֻҪһ̧ͻǣ󱳵˿ڡ
ֱģ˯·αϣ׽֣֪˿ںۣ˯£Ұ㻻𣿡
šε覴ͷ
ܶûн۵̿ˡĿб̵ֲ̫ؽ⿪ε覴ŵ۵пӣ˵Ķˡ
εﴩ˼صġСס£Ҳˣѵ
¡ҲҪѣңҡ
ŵ״Σε覷ûôɬҲӣ͵ǳƽˡ
ϳǶξ󣬰ȷʵſࡣ
ԭȥε覵󣬿εȴץֹȥ档㡭ǰ⣬᷽һЩ
ǰ档
ͷ
Ӳ߽⿪˵¶ҵĿľɫȴڸ
ֵ̧ǰػһ䡣
ţԲңҡĳ״Σ·չ˫ִӺƹε覵ļͷϣһһŵؽŦ۸ۺá
ֻǰ˻˼£ͰԼͷ󺹣ˡ
пҪ㡭Ҫվ
εŰվȻ׹
˯㣬ҪȥεסӣԼܴġ
·ˣÿҲˣһ𣿡£סε覵Ľףһһߵ̧׽ȥվѿᵽʵλá
ˣȥϲɻſһ

ε覻һֽ߬Űš
Ҳ鲻ԽӦǡ
ǵ罺ᣬţ˵ϰ壬סڣסСڣ
εܾڰš
Ҳû룺ˣҺסһ䷿ɡ
̣
⻰ɲҴ
ε覼ʱӣףСġ
һЦʲô
ε覲ԼתߵߣϢһϰ尮ɣ˵㡣
ЦЦţ̣·ȥˣٴɨһ£С㡣
ӦáǶԼȥ˵
Ѿͷ

ʱ䣬ֻͰ
ɫζѵķʢȣŴ˼ҵݳޡС絽ׯ԰ģģҵĳӡӶˡ
С˯ˣεҲûѣ˾Ͷûò͡
ҵ֪ʩʲôħþϰź򣿡ཻ꣬඼ûһ˯˵ͬ
࣬ҸͣȱһССͷɣ
˵ţһֻȵĳ⼦ҵòֻȣһСһ
شңʳС㣬ӿӡ
ҵĴС㣬ôĪҪ̥ģչӦɣʲôСֵģ
Լ˳ոĸҿһ̥ҩԳԳԣȶģŲ㣡
Ѱļּлʣʵ˵ãǾͬķģεҵľǲ̫ðɣ
˻飬ͣ⡣
ɰоֹ°ѾͣҲ⡣οӲһͬʾˡ
ƼҴС㣬ʲôӲ۾һ£¿֣µ࣬ŵùˣ˵ҲǺҪˡεҹúܲãε嵱ϵӣܾϵ衣Ҫģǰ뻢ڣӵһɵոµ
Ҫˣ
жҪѵԼȹʱڵĺѻҪҪ
ԽԽ󷢣Ҳ˿ӣðȢ͵ˣʲôã
ɫһ䣺ϲҲϲˡ
ʲôεףȨŮĻһˣŮˣѲ𣿡ͻȻ뵽ʲôϵıˣ˵ҽǮĳԾͲΪ⣬Ϊȥε̸ףȥε覵ɣ
Ѷŭʹʵ뷨𴩣ҲûиеѿЦϡ
ڸε̸֮ǰҲȫûŮˡⲻСĸŮƤʹԸŮˡ
갲ʣ޷վߡǻ᳤Ůһ̶Ҳƻ᳤԰ҵ̬ȡ
εֲҵʵĻ̥Ĵϰ壬ҵ簲ҵģ¶԰΢ʣƼҵ棬Ҳ⡣
֧֣鷳
ԴˣĴм
̧סļ磬Ͱ͵һѧȮ
ҵĺ࣬ҲˣǸĵĺù䱻ӻεҸε˲һѡ
δɶԽһתּ룬˿ƣҲˣǰʱܹһǹˣʱҲϤչˡ
ǹˣһ漱ˣתץŰĸ첲ҵؿֿˣ
𼱣ˡ
ҪŪȥˣ˿ڻָôûƬʲôɣҲʲô֢ɣһ˺ü⡣
Һõúܣʲô¶ûУģұ֤Ҫʵڲģܣˣֽ˳¿ӣԼ
࿴˿ڣΪýһ֤εҪˡ
˿ڽǰ¶˼룬ͽ·˻
һμǹ˺Ĵڡ
Ȼ˿ˣɻǺۿһѰҲԼʲôˣŮ˰ʲôǿܲܲҪȥЩΣյˣ
ܿ죬ܿҾܰѹ˾ˡס֣࣬жȴͬΪŮˣĿһȾСΪƷ
ͷһرרעá顱Ķţ΢΢̣֮ӡ
Ʋߣɿͬ˰ǡ
лл㣬ࡣ


29 
ȻȫİĻ, İķ䣬İĴϣһ, ε˯ø̤ʵ
Ϊﲻε, û˼ﻹаˡ
˯ǰǰ, һҲǰ

ˣ
ڴ, ε覵ڿ½ϰļݱ־
±ֽε覷˰ɣ㿿ű𶯣Сıϵˣȥ̰ѷͽ
ˣһ˯ô
, ˡ˯˿СʱˡֹһıǼ, Цûϧϧ˯˵, ϧϧһڼ˯ʮСʱ
˳ŵĸо, õεΪԼС
һˣ԰ѷ˶ˡ
εƿӾҪµأʱ߹ֹˣι㡣, Ҳչһء
ϳǴΣҲιΣһһιԷˡ
, ̴ˮ
ߵشˮ㹻, ֻûô, Ҫһ¥ĺȺ͵¥
šӵݸε覣ҹղԡ, ͲݽŰɡ
أ
ǰ෿ϴˡȻͷҲеϴ䣬Ϊ˲ε覣ȥ෿ϴġ
εĬĬز֨ˡ
ϣٳٲ̧ͷȥӵһǡ
ɹӴεߣ°Ĵ˵ҵֿѣСҵĸŮǶҶԣһĴڡ㲻ͬҵֿΨһְ֮Żµˡ𣿡
šε̧Բ𰢾ԺҲơСĴˡ
ɵѾͷ
ε覵ͷΪظε覶ݽˮ
ո˵㡰СŤε覣Ҳ˲ϺˣֻܹԹԵɰڲ𽵹ڵΪϴŵŮˣԼεºܣ
޵ĶʱУĸ׶ûΪϴš
һ׵󣬰ϴƽɣҸ첲ֻ̯˯Ҹ첲§㡣
εҲŤˣĸ첲£ļ羱ִϡ
ԸΪϴŵŮ˻ε覸д࣬Ҹˮ޷˿ڰĲ䡣
ôˣǲǸոˣ
ǡεҡͷֻǾãĳ谮ǻ̫Ҹˣòʵ
׼״ƷͷͱӶǳ˫ġ
/ǰͰѷӱȥϣǸŵģεСʱ͸ǵıӣ˯ͷҲε˯Ǹ
ֿסε覵ļ磬ԼЩε覸Լ
Ѱգͷʵ𣿡
š
СƬ̣ŵ֣ںڰΪε覲ϵۡ
ε覲˯СʱҲ˯ţֻ̰ŰĻ뷢ͰҸʱ̡
ɰĴԳѡ
ץסָ/ģ̶ִǰ°ͣĴ
ǵ/ʱεŰָԼǰı仯ɽֻһȻѡ
ֻֿε覵ϡ
һһͣ/Ϣš
£ּ½

סĻûԼΪʲôҲû˵ʲôɽ˺ģȵһһµε覣ѹɤ˵߸С˯ɣûˡ
á

һͨСùڣڴͷ̡
˭Ǽ˵£ҲֻίԼҵСùˡ
ӨҰɱˣһʬȴֻ˯һΡҶһһˣǲҲóŹƽ
ڴߴ·ӨЦһýżȣ˿Ϊ˵ĹҪһͷԾ˻գ
/ͷһӨŴϵ·ָˣҾϲŮˡ
Өţưͣˣ˵õһΡ
ҵһΣҲǿһ˫صĻӨǷողҲ𣿡
㣡Ө߷ߵҧҧýãԺŹ··˭Ҳ˭ҲҪ汳Ȫ·Ϻ顣
ģˣûеġŮ˵鱨ṩģɱģ˺Ƥ˭˭ֲá
ӨΪɩ֮λ˵¶СӣԽٽԤڣԽǲġ
˽̽ȥǸŮ˵٣׼¼
԰ʱضŮ˸֮£Ө˺ͷ
ͬʱһֱɵ¶ĿҲ˳¶Сն
˲ıϣȡ衣
СһӨֳ˳¶ΨһŮˡȱټӰѾúΡϴ
˲ɱġĸ˹ҪҲҿ
һߣҵﵱгڴƵĺ˵԰¾ɱһҪһһ䣬Ϊİɣü
ǣزϳĵ¶ׯг߷ֳɡ
ϴ·Ӧˡ

ׯ԰ĵգε覽ӵεĵ绰ǹػǡ´
ȻСǶһжãǾͶסգҲա
Ȼָ
ǣ֪ˣ븸׷ģҲٸεҶġ
ε覽ӵ绰ʱֻڴȿȡˣ̺С
˵绰ε覻صɳϣǰҲһȡ
̳ȥǰͳݺõģĺɫҺѾû
εֻȲ裬û˺һκȿȡںǰͶ˵˿ǿɬģȲߣǿ
ӵ绰ǰֻ΢һڣȷܿࡣ
绰ĿȺһڣƷһ˿ΪȵĿԶԶûࡣ
ֿȣȵģڸиѡҲɢĿȣַˣ˵ľ͵һðٺȡ
Уҽ治˴뿧ȡֺһڣ̳ݣζǳһڡ
ǣܽˡ˵գʣСֿȵˮͰ¸ԼһС
ǫ˳ӣ˼εҵļ£ұùʡ
ԣεֱͦл뽲뿪˰ԼƼҡ΢ϡ
Ĵ㣬Ϊ˰ϧжҲСķϣҿԾһǣ֪һж幤ߣͱҶ㲻ˡ
뿴ҵĳ𣿡
𣿡
ε覾֣ޱϵ˵ۣãôҷģĳ쾵ϰܵв˻Ҷ½ѣ޺
շģʹཡ
ǰˡ
εվȥӰǰֵ㣬һС
ģҲֻˡ

½Ͻͻأֿˡ氲ȥ˺üλϰ壬ÿһɫֳһ֡
Ҫתƽ۰ٻĹɷݣ֪飬±߸ϰԼ̸ʱľ
ǰҵԱֻǰһ˵˾汣ڣֻڰһˡ
˳ͼε観Լ
裬
СӲܹεһ˽˰Ļ
СѾͷ𣬱Сһɢһյıۡ
εͣ밲֮ңĵطüĿûһһ㹻ˡ
С˫סĶ˵Ļ첻ԣֺȺڹ֭ˣҲˡ
Ůĸ״ССԣûѽ
С䲻ְֹܲסСҲܲס
Сļ仰Ц̲סü£С䣬òã
ţܣСͷ絷⡣
Ůֱ꣬ճ֣߼סε覵֣Ⱥú𣿡
ε֣ǣסѲãȥˡ
һڲúȣܿɬҩζȼںƷظʡ
ˬʵЦ˵ĻںģҲȹһڣٲȵڶˡ
裬ΪʲôֻϲǸںڵĿĹ֭ѽ
ε覣֭
ͣ˵һֺڶĥķĩ֮ɲǹ֭
վſڣһС˵˵ЦЦһڡ
ôԼ̥ʮŮԼɷѿĻסĺѣε覵ˣµûš
һڣ
Ȼǿһڣ
౻Լ뷨ˡһΣַ̧סǽ
ࣿһ״̬Եǰ
ɿε覵֣ǰִϣôˣ岻𣿡
ҲæС걧ߣˣҪҪҴ绰иҽ
û¡˫ץסĸ첲סκʹͷŰֻε覽յִʱԼСϣǹɲ֪Ļʧˡ
ܿε覵ǵĿ⣬סĸ첲ͻȻûһطɡ
ãңߡתͷ̷Ը㻹Ǹҽ绰һˣ˾ȥ
ǡ
һת۵Ĺֻε観˾ˡ
ݣȴûиŰ¥
˵ıӰôһ̣Ͱǰġ
ݣλòʡһȲࡣİûаˣôأ԰Ҳֻ֮


30 
֮ǰ, һֱ෿䡣ϾĽЩϲ˶ε覽£Ը
ҵ𣿡ʵƽ۰ٻĹɷݡ
ҡͷ½ϰд, ܹų, ˵ƽ۰ٻһֱ𣬿ֲܼһҪˡپӪ, ֲϷΪ˵ĹȨ, ûԸ߼չĹɷȥˮƯҺ
㵽ôˣƵġҿǰǲǲһϯƻᣬ㻹գζЦѰá
ࡣ۴£ε覵Ĵ, еǡ
»ٿǰ, ܰ°ᵽ̨ΪҵĸΪѡ١Ҫ, ͺŰ, ҵĸʲӰ찲ҵת
аɣҲˡҸ״˵绰ӢǷ뵽̻, ûϡʱˡ
ţ֪, Ҳ˼˸Ӱ࣬ս׽, ֮ƽ, Ļó׽ǴҵִĴ, ǳѪս
ǰܾǰʶĲ̫һˡ
Щƽ飬ЩͶ־
ΰǿ𣿡㲻Ҳ֪ĸִ£ΰǿĹϸ֪Ĳࡣ
ûˣúùԼСǸҸ״˰˵㲻ֺǸʲôʲӿȡ
˵ţ̧һǣиǶȲã㲻ԡ
üСûôù
ȴһ˿Ī㺡ǸеΪ飬Ҳˡ
ԪྴԪȴû񰲾йƵǶ
ǰǲмġ
Ȼڿε覵ĺǻֺܲζ
ſţС˽ڴߣ䣬ҰѸ̽ˡ
ӵҽһˣӲʣϸһ¡
溵ͷ£ҽ䡣
̣СȥԸ򰲾˵ҲȥȺ𣿡
á
иȷ漰˽ϵҲδ壬ҲЩн
̸һС걧ڻС꣬ȥû
ţſεһֱ⡣
û°ɣ
ҽ˲֪
һһ˵䣬СͱŰĲߴٵ裬ȥԺСȥС
̽ͣСģúʱֻС
ε覣˵һȥε覶쵽˼ȿ˿ڣСɣһط顣С鷿һ־ڻؼǰ࿴һЩ
Уҿǰ㡣ε覵뷨ҲԸΪԼС
ɢɢĵģʲôʲô

ҹò͵ˡ
壬ҲʵԼҪ˳˯߲ãδԵĲ֢״
󣬸溽⼸ȥҽԺһȫм죬ҪҩҲֻܸмܿ
ǰľȻ룬ûƴǡ
˶ǸͥС㣬ֶ£òʱٽСߴߴŸʶҽݺҽԺرȤ
溸Ǻ󣬰˰̥ҩŻط
˳ţϰ壬ˮѾˡεС㻹ʲôҪʱҡ
ˡ
ţε˯£ǰ§ס׶ͷ
Լϴһ¡ҹǰҹֻɰ塣˶ߣֻص˱
ãҾ⣬Ҫǲ㣬һҰ㡣֪ɾٲúòһ壬϶᲻Ҳûֹ
šε覺ϴ䡣
ۿź󱳵˿ϣҲʹˣεȴӸڳǿҪԼϴʱ˿ڸײˡ
ײʹ˽ȥ
ε¹/¶ԡ׶ǽߣëסײ𣿡
ʱСĽŵ״ˤһӣ󱳣ײǽˡ
ƿëͷļ米Ѫ˳˿ˣҸ㻻ҩ
Ҫ˿ڣƣֱӴᱧεˡ
ֱεſڴϣëٺۡ
뵽ģ뵽ġ
ôݣôֻ˸첲ͼأ
ε覵Ȼ֪ῴʲô֪Ϊβ

סǿǲ໹ûꣿǲǺѿģѾˡ
ɳĬţ۾ȴʪ/ȡ
ڼδദһһǡ
ε覵ֱѿҵȫÿĹҲ㣬ȫϵİ
ȥı䣬Ҫıģǵºδ
Ӹס¡
εҩʱأָ/ⴥߣҲǷˡ
⼸ÿλҩ䰲ָļͿĨʱε覶Ѱ
¿ˣЪһٴɡ
˵գ׼ȥԡϴ轵˶˳ˣԼȴ˼
ε覼ʱס֣
ͷ
ʲôʲôˡ
𣬱ٶðˡŵöڳˣȥεϸǡ
˱ӣֱҿε覣һſˮһ˯¿ݵεɴѾˣ·ϰɡ
ε覸֣۵ʹҴòã
ܽĹƻ󣬰Ķж
ããҰ㴩Ұ㡣
ս¶ε覾͹𣬵ֹסĲȥ
ĳףֶ֪ĶţεǣַԼϡ˽һ
⼸ÿӵߣؾأһףһ壬Ȼ󰲰ַ§˯˽գǷȼյ
ҪԼҪ
һҵİȱʿʱĳֻѾƵ˱ĵط
ûκ
ⴥУҪ
˲֣С㣬ϻˣѿġ
˵ٶΪε覴·Ķͷʹúˡ
ʧˡ
ԡҵſֹأεȻΪҪأ
뱻İţͬһҹͷʹ˵ϡ
ʮӺ󣬰һصߡ
ε۵ʵ̵ģԸ⡭
Ҫңշ׽ס£˺ˣҡ˶Թ˾ǣңһȫȫذ㣬뿪εȻͬΪŮӣҲһÿնסһ𡣡
ʱֻĸףΨһԸĸ׵Ĳܺĸ׻뿪
ֻаңԸǰĸͰܽ٣һƽɺĸĸȴڷ
һǡ
׽ģƵѵľͽΰǿˡ
ΰǿҲѣδ
ΪΰǿźӧΪӧͷ
ףŵǳҰԼѦǹɱġ
ʱգε観Ψһ˽ĺ˽飬ȴ֤δ·ܷͨȥ
£ԼעɨǣεҲᱻԼۡ
ɫá
Ҳÿնһ𡣡ε覲֪ʲôѿкص¡
ȦŰѽУׯ԰Һ˵幫ĵطһȥ㣬ȥԸȥշ羰ɺã
á
𣿡
Ц𣺡С

ׯ԰ĵ죬һ˵绰½ѳ
ׯ԰Ҳһȷε観ȥʱܻϾСص㱣һмأ
˵Ҫεȥתת緹õǡ
˵ôˣԲŮȥҲ˵մӦ˸ҽҪȥҽԺ
½ĳصղİ˰
һߣεҵȴֻһ˼Ĺûŵʲôζ
һȥǰѾӲݴа˸ߣûԭĵ·
ѾãҪ𣿡ǲģΪεġ
Ȼǰȥɡ
ε覴ûΪԼԼҲûпεˡǰ˰ڲΪ˰İ
֪̰ģƽе
ͷáңǰ濪·
ɨһȦ߼һһ׳ľѹ·ĻĲݡ
Ϊε覺ߣֽŲõذѻĲݾȵøͣڵ棬ٳһĵ·
ǰľ
εŪ֣ĴָһƵϸСӡ
ӺСֻƤܼѪۣδѪð
ĳ˹һ£ۣҴһ
εҲİ˴˵ʲôԸ١
ľʽṹĴưܲĴ͸磬ϵķһĹҲȱȫ
εʯײķ϶֮һƿƿȱڣƿҲơ
۲һȦתͷε覼˸߽ڿʲô
һƿ̧ͷ˿ʯȱʧۣСӦǹŵľƿ
ϲ޹ֱۡ
ε覽ƿСõ˳ҵĹ̨ϣóոոֵӣ̨ϵһЩ䣬ƿƽ¡
ЩεµܿЦݵĹ˫ֺʮ
һԣĬĬעӡ
һȴεĬʲô󣬾ֱ˫ϥؿͷεǰֽ˻
ǶǷӣԸмġ
ֱεߵݣǰһ
ô˵͹֪Ҫݣ͸Ūɲݽš/ƿȹڲ鿴ε覵ϥˣֻһЩ졣ʹ𣿡
ʹε￴ء
ĵȹϵĻҳվε覵ְֻմϵĻҳ
Ϊ￴ţҲҪ֪ոߵԸĹѾ飬ĪҪٸǣԵˡ
Ļ֪֮٣ȴ󱯹úܶ࣬һ˵Ҳöࡣ
ӣ͸Եܽӽ
ε覵ˢһº͸ˣͷĪҪڹǰΡ
ȴɿ𣿡
㡭ԽԽˣ׵ĿһɣɫŤͷߡ
ߵ̫żµһʯЬ
һµָշſ򣬾ͱﶼ㶪ңܲˡ
һΣεûٳԷҲû˳סĲϡ
ΪʲôʲôԸ
˵Ͳˡ
ţҲ˵ʲôԸ𣿡
а
˵𣿡
ͷŻСŮˣȢΪޣҰԸ
ԽԽķ˿ɨε覵ϡ
εϸĵؽ΢紵ҵ޷ڶ
ǴԶôģûʹ֪һ˺ܶѪҲһۡ
ε覱СγεڱŵʱŰѹԼ˳֮
һ֮ε覸ŰεӣĦŶǵİ̺ۣ˵߰ɣش󣬵ãҶȥ
ϣܺԥػشһ䡰áϣܼ̾ʹߡϣǾʹԶ뻦
ٲ
ٵҼ¡ŵûеֻá
ǲ֪ǣʱ˿ڣǩһͻĴ󶩵
ȥ
ӰĴһ仰
ܹˡ
ȥһ仰
ΪʶͿüˣΪմմϲⲻ֪רΪƵȦס
ڣһöܺõӡ


31 
ׯ԰ĵ峿, ӵܼĵ绰С㣬м㣬˵ǹ¡
ʲô
, λ㻹ǸϿɡ
ǵ, ϻء
绰ҲζҪȥ, ΪԼõڻա, ʽĽա
żæ¥£ҵڸСͷε覡
εһŪͷһɫҴҵģôˣ
˵нҪҴ, ҵøϹȥ, ˻ûȫؼҲġס, ε岻æ, ʱ͹㡣𼱣Լߡ
ӵ绰ʱţСߣ, л˵ȥ緹
ѽСõͷŤͷضε˵˾, лл̰ͷ
ദҲϲһ㶼Ƥ顣
û˺, ε覰ﰲ½󣺡עⰲȫ
ͷһ, ڴһڣһҪһҵŮˡǱ, һ뾡취ķǷ֮롣
š
⣬ĿͰĳ뿪ε覿Ц㿴ĵӣҰˡ
㣬ͱȡЦˡϰ᲻ңӡ˼죬εҲϤԸֱˬƢԣǣС߻Ժӡ
ߣ˻˵ú˵ҹգûˣҲ֪زص
հɣҶһ죬Сһֲ˺ͳ棬ҪǾϰ̫æϲҾʹϾϰǷףһΪ
㣬Ҳ棬㻹ȥɡ಻ϲε覽˵һ壬ӲЩ
ʧˣĪ֡Ǹεʣ㣬ϰջû𣿡
ҲԾЩԵԼСǼ̫Ѻá
ɤӣε覵ʣûС˵ûա˵죬ֵĵһѩ䡣һҪյĻÿ궬ĵһѩաĶ֮꣬Ըѩ֮ʱһһԸԼջɡ
ѩ죬ǰ
εͣ½Ų̧ͷŻɵա
ÿʮºһ£ε覵ļУҲѩ
䣬ѩʲôѽûѩСʵͬεһͷ
ˣѾû¹ѩˡСҲε̧ͷ죬С֣ѩǰɫαˮѩƮһ껦ٲѩȵ˶죬ǾȥƽѩƽڱºܴѩˮҲʱǸһѩˣøȥòã
£СԶڴ
ѽѽСɿε覵ֻ࣬ͷε覣䣬Ҳȥ𣿡
̲һпաԼŮž£ѩ硣
㵽ѽ
ﶬļ棬ÿڶĺáİٻĲĺҶ㲻Ҳϲ𣿡
ţ˵ĶԣС궼ϲ
ε覸С棬ǰӯ죬ȴŲأҲѹһʯ
֪ĴҴ뿪һεͿļƻйءҲãҲգڸܵеˮ֮У޴ӡ
ûѩεȴѩأ䡣
Ͱôδأ

ϹĹԱ޷ĶһĳڣΨжĺγȱϯˡ
ϰ壬Ҳγˡ
ʲôʱϵģ侲ȶġ
°ǰ绰ǣ˵ǰѾȥͷȷϹˣ»͵չɻүڸͨ»Ҳûɡ
һкüСӵźͬ͵ҪҺγʵȴôҲϵˡ
ѾȥγˣһҲûС
Ǵ绰ү˵үҲڼңŸϽˡ
ҪյĶ˺ܶ࣬ԭǼֵø˵¶˶ͣһգǺЩӶϲϽѽǺã
λĳ˳۶ϡ
Ҷȱ𼱣»ȷʵ͵
ƽذ֮׷γȥĶˣǽ¾ɻ⣬ȥͷǽͰ»ͶپͶٹ
ɻúγǣͷȥġγ˵װף»յĺһ졣
ǵúγⶨþɻĺͬĿȷȨ
Ȼͬں۸ˡ
ɻ˾;ۼڳͷһͨˡ
ϰ壬á
һĿı뺷վ˳ۿֽ֣дŽǮǶˣǰպͬ£˵ʲôҪѻ̧ߡҪӲҪţɾ˵ȥ˰Ǵ˶࣬Ҳ٣۸ʵˡ
ʱ칫ҸϹǸҲ˶
һáһãŵؼȺ˰ϣС˵˼䡣
Ǹ߰ǶϵϵĺγЯ˽ˡ
ˣǱʴɻĿ
ϰ嵹ǸǸ˵뺷˼͵شߴٵǶСӣ̧ȥҲҪġ
ѻǣ
ھҪ̧
Ҫ̧˵УЩﶼֱ۴ֵԲľͷ
ۿԽԽףγ˶ž棬һĳǸʮŮˣͦصڱ뺷ǰϰ˵ʮǽ죬ϰ˵ʮҲǽ죬Ҫ̧ʮ̧ɡ
ޣǰɣ뺷꣬һŮӾҪ̧ǰԼɣ
һƣߵ˷ӵϡʯ䣬סŮһԷľֱֱڱ뺷˵ţϰ˷Ƶ˺ü
ס֣һ
䣬½Ҳĳٶܵͱ뺷м䣬ӦսСû°ɣ
û¡
뺷ץסǰľһˣ׺ݵضŰӴϰ֣ҵ𣿡
һܾܽì
ܡ
һľͷ½ϣǸŅ̀
ޣǸ뺷˶ʱ½Ͻ֡
½ϵǵõΰǿĿ϶ģһҰĶ֣
һһĶս¾ͱ½ϴſ£ҲɱӺˡ
ûǴСǸ½Ͻ˵첲ŤϥҲϡ
ãǸҵǸ뾵ϰ˴ֿһѵŮҲ˴С˹²ð˶λϰ塣
ſڵϵ踺صصǸ½ϲŽɿ
һؿѲҪһӾ͵ٴͷ£Ų
ܻѲֱܾ֪ġ
ֳĿĴﵽˣһ٣ȥɾû˻ˡ
ģģֻҪ֣Ǿǡ
ΪסϵòͬЩ˽ɻߣͬʱҲϹǸȥ
λ˼䣬ǰģ½׼ȥͷ
ǰ½ϾͿڵС㣬үѲѺˡ
ϳ˵ʻλ
½ϸʻ򿪳İ¼ȥ
ӵĵ绰Ҿͳȥүȥ˼ȥûҵˣȥͷ˳ͷ㣬үҸһͷ
Ҳȥ˲֪ҹ˺ѲѺġ˵ǹֽӵٱͨǷ˽/вΰ㵱Ѳӻ˴ȫѺĴѲϰ֧ǹ/е
˴ϴδͱȥѲүͷ֪Ϣ󣬾תȥѲҪ˵Ҫϴʣ뾡罫ǵĻҪ
ѲȻûô˵ټϹֶԴ¸ӣѲ˱㽫ү׼ʻ
ûʼʣү˱ˣԭһп̡ǸΪʲôѲүΪʲô˳ͻ֣δ鵽
½ϵĻ㱨Ȼ𣬰ѧĵطǿڵĹҡ
Īںʱʶˣ
벻ȻȥѲܾ̽ӡ
½óеǮŴһ̰ƵСԱлһʾϰ壬ǰ֪أ˽/һ밲޹أҪ뽫ԭⲻضûأ軨˼ֵͨ죬£ͿǮλˡүǷôοʣ廹ϵˣǵȥҽԺλ˵ڹк̨ĿֻҪϸ̧֣½үǽӵ֪ͨˡ
ʡ
Աô޲治кӡ
Ѳͻ½Ͽ
һ·½ϼֹ뽫Լǿү֮¸֪ȴôҲ˿ڡ
ȥҽԺĬõİ˵
ǡ

˰ȭһȭıǣһȭһ
/˽ϴΪṩԴʵľ֣˽ߺǹ/еΪ͸˹֡
ϴŹ˳ųѲ
ΪʲôһͶ֣治סϾð»˽¶ֻ֪ϴ
ϴҹץڹҲѶıܽ׶ΣӦǡ
ҹֵĸ߲Ҳŵ˲⹫ӵĹϵǰ׷ӵķ裿
ĪǡεйأǸǼйأ
ҽԺҩһвĿ绰ȥ鰲
Ԥ뵱Ҫ졣
˵ɣôſϷŹһͿżɽʿ
ȷ뿨ʲôڣ˭˭Թжδ֪ġԴ氲ͷǸЩԳԣ衱ܡ
֮ڣҲûϻ˼ǻ֪ѺİֱӹȻͲֻʰôˡ
ʿɱ衣
ȴĹһơ
Ŀǰ˵尲ȴ򵹰гɾ͸С
ָָ̧ԼıָȱǸ죬˸֡ߡƣҵıӺݣ򡣾ϰ壬ҪǮ֣ҾͲ׷ܵܵΡǹҵ׻˵ǡɸΪ񲯣Ǵ»СС»ˡΣ
ãһΪʱİδϸ룬ΪοڸҪǡ
һ룬Բڵ¡
ȥܣȥ䵱
İΣʲôҪǮƣѲļΣм˰Ȼ߳ģΨһ뾡̳ٴӳ顣
»ҲҪһҪָȺ˳򣬰Ҫġ
ϰˬ죬鴫Ҹ˵ʲô׷ԣ׷û˵ɣ
εЦֻҪҼǮһֽǮһֽˣүܻؼ˯Ⱦ
̸£ûء
Ǯ»أֵûǮȺ̰θ
Ǯֻܵȣȶã
ȵ𣬰ϵȵ
˺رۣǲɿأôͲڳҡ
˻𣬸⳥޷ʱΥԼֻϸϹֺѲĵ飬̣ȥ족أȻ򷽼ס
Ϊ򷽣£ȨֹףΥԼøβҲòĶ
ɴľɻѾûˣ»Ҫ
԰ϵ·û»ֹǰ»õظɵȡ
ҽԺſڣڳһ˺ü̡֧
½ϵļ磺Σ/˽¹ش󣬽ƾǲһܲ鵽õ½ϣεֻˡ˺ڣǻݲɹһ»½ˡȥׯ԰죬˵·ˣҲǽҹ뻦ؼõǮٵҵ˸һȥվӦһ¡ǰͨǡЯ˽ӵĺγԣǧעⰲȫͻ״ӲӲȻ
ǣС㡣
½Σתߡû߳Զּæ˻ڲͳһֽݸ
С㣬һ¡ҹң˵ǿүϣܷģæһЩѹʵǵ׾졣סַȻҲΣѹͷﲻȨӦý
ֽã֪ˡȥɡ
¾԰չɱĪؿһһԼʶ¾ֵܳڱֽǵϡ
ҵǣΰǿѶǾ֤š
Ҳţš
¾û£᲻ͬ
ʱշ⣬һһ׮׮ѵֻɺ
˳Ŀĵǡؼҡ


32 
ճ, Ӷ洩棬ֻýյʱøĺʱߵܼҵĴš
ʱ, ؼ͡
޶, ضһϷʵؿүò, ط
µ겼, Ҳȷʱ㻹ӲͷƤǵͷºͰ±Ӱ쵽̸ܵС
ؼҲϢͨĴ˼ңͷǼ´͵, ֪ܲ
ضҲʲô˾, ĺƫҪĺΨ²ҡ
Ҳ², ϰڹ۶ϴݹǺͼҸʾãǼҰæǾΪ˳ԶĿ湻, ô¶ܳԵ·
˵䣬ķүǳ
Ӷûضٵ䳰ȷ, 棺ܣܵ˵𣿡
үλֱ, ֱطˡһطŲ˸λ
ͷЩ˽ò˶, Ϊ˷, ǺԼҴӵǵתԶ԰
ϲ, ģȻϣӵóԸ
ϾԼϲ˶ŮˣٺԹҲ԰ʾʯĳ
վӦԡϰɡ
¥ķ䡣⻹ǳ⣬ͷһؽ˵ķ䡣ΰǿǶֻڴô
ûܷӡ
䷿ķ䲼öһ
ǽŵⱲӼܺ͡
벻ͨһˣѧ峵һˣŵһˣôͻûаŮζҲûʲôѧʿԵԼжأ
Ǽ̸пε覶İ󣬰ڶһɡĻ˺ˣ͸ཻƽ߲Ŷԡ
ʹཻҲԽԽԶע޷ڡ
еȼһ֧̣˵ɣʲô£
Ϥζ
ܳһ֪֪ǣǰǲ̵ġ
̺Ҳڽʶ̡볢ϲ̵ζ볢ζ
̺ͰһŨҶζƳ
ͰҪ̣߻һ顣ԹܶΣʧˡ
񫣬Ҳ񫡣
ûõŮˣŮ˴ûϣ
һӿţ
ʵóǫĳӦõġ
ƽ۰ٻĹɷݣǸһջȥɡǮķʽ
ܻͬ鲢ûգǱһԵ뷨
ܵġ衱ɲ˯һһɶġ
ǡЦüëһͷϾؿ֮ңŮˣϰ𣿿˵
˾ӣҲ֪ɣܣҷǳҪǮҲûҪա
ǸˣװĵҲװ̵ˣǸɵ
Ǵ˸˶ѡĻҪȢεҶСˣ㲻ֳƿ𣿺οֺܵУǮˮЩʱգܰʡ²Ǯ
ܶ԰ûʲôӡ󣬸òùϰ壬㵱ǰӦýǵģǻѺ°ɣ
ǣѺҲҪǮŪʵ˵
ǰǸŮˣĿⰵýС΢ͻƣͷߵ˰ǰ
ϸŰüۡ
ȴô˸أϲģһ޷âͨŮˡ
ǵģͨ
ϰͨŮˡͷҲˡ
ʹްı仯ʹϲŮˣʹԼȻϲôá
ðǸ۲۵ƭӡ
Ҫ
ڽǮϴѹҪھϴݻ
̧ḧ㷢Ҳδ㡣̶ôߵһڣָᴥӣ˵һΣҾ͸ʮһֲ١
ȵָ˳Ű˲
ֻε覴ļսȭͷ˱ۺץ̧֣ϥĸ
ܳʹذŶӡ
ڶαˣʹıת˲š
ЦſϲŮˡ
ܣӺ磬ҴӴ˾ǻɵİ·ˡˣܱеһӡҲʧˡ
һܴδε覵Ƭвųƽ۰ٻɷһ϶չĴ
彻Ǯĵߡ
ģûһ̶ҡ
壬ҲֻиоΪǮίˡ
ǽˡ
Ȼ̧ŶľͲܵСǴڽӴĿ/֮ˡ

ؼҳҵǰһϰ壬ͼ۳Լƽ۰ٻĹɷݣԼǩ֧ͬƱ
ƽ۰ٻδʵ͸¶ܷųϢֻΪ˱󰮡
˵ֻ׬ҪţǩԼ֮ǰ̽ʵ
թģҲˡ
صҺ󣬰Ժĳ˺ܾá˵ɫ£Ҳס
ɷϵǣȷΪε覶˼źͷִ硣
δֵҪҲδҹҹϸ裬Լڷ˽飬г̫ãų鸡塣
ڰʧҡݰ飬
һơ衢Ͷˡ֣Ǳ㾲غһԡ
ֱڳˣ˲ӭȥ
裬ŪԵİɡ
ããȥŪԵģСԵȰܿͺá
ˣֶ˵׼ˮҪϴѰҲϡ
ӦõĴС㡣
ֻڰࣺүүһӣȵҹŻȥˡ˵ҪôСһ׼»ʲôʱܰس
򴽲
үүҲǰҵĴ󲮺塣
죬ǵʣүû°ɣ
ＸҲŵùˣǶŲֻʣԼˡ
ͣ½Ų˵壬˴˻ҪǮ֡ԺѼֵǮôһЩŶֻһ£ȥˡ
ˡүүǴʲôˣҪǮǣ⳥Ŀ޴ôߵ䵱Ʒһ
˵ȥģ˽ӻ˵δϸ͡ҪǮĵط̫ˣֹǿһʣ
ԼͷϿõҲм飬˾ϵǮܲͲ
ΪѾԤϵƱػΥԼ⳥
Уȥ㡣ӦִһֽԶó׵˰ѵ绰ˣ˵ڻҪ̸˸绰дˡ
ֽ
ӹ֪ˣȥæɡҲµ˶ԷҪ̸ʲô
޷ǾȱǸ⣬ĵȴ
ǲ
ݵһ£Ͳֽͨϵĺ롣ôˣҲ
иҪܽһһ
ӵ绰ǡþǰ϶ĸˣҲѰһգҲһֱڵȰĵ绰
ԷһǳɵĿף簲ϡ
꣬ʾ糣Уǻѹô఺Ļ⣬߻Լ취ͨϵػͬʱҲϣβӻһ¡
˾˵Ҫϼ㱨ٸ𸴡
󣬰Ÿׯ԰Ǳߴȥ˵绰
ȥε覣Ҫʱѣ룬Աעһ
ĸ壬ֺγĸأѶսʤˣ̸һδ
ιӵ绰ε覡
һֱڿϣĵһ۾ͿѰͥΪ£䲻䡢
ȻʱһһȥӰϵָָʮˡڵȡ
Ȳˣ͵ĵ绰
İǻ΢ĵġ
Ϊӵ绰Ļ̣ҽ˰ңͲȥׯ԰ˡ±Ƚϼ֣ýһЩ
ׯ԰ǱǷ֪ûסŽε覲ʣ㲻ᡣ
ţסԹôšε覴Ӳϵ¡
Թˡ㡭ϵˣ̰
˿ڽˣҲʹˣģúô¡

ţ
Һ㡣
Ҳ㣬
˸ŵ绰ΪԷ䡰㡱ݡʵǣǸٵķգԷһ䡰㡱ΪС
̵꺮ů󣬰ֵҽӵ绰
ãȵȡε覰Ͳŵһߣ¥ķţ㣬ϰ绰
պС˯Ӵţˣ
ε覵ͷ
ͷС꣬Сε˵С껹û˯죬˿һ֣ҿһ¡
á
¥½绰˵ɣǱôˣ
࣬տ֡
ףͷһȣҲˡȻҲǰڵ绰͸˵տ֡
ϣǰȥˣ/
Ҫʲô𣿡
۵£Ƹר̸˵绰֡
ŮͰ˽ãŮִţڲӰƼǰ£ˡ
Щ갲ȷʵҲûǰʲôæ˽͹·ֵúܿ
˽/ĺ̫ˣǷǣУǶ֮Ʋϵ
һŲͿܱǣҪٱһʲôƻʺƽӷ/ӵǾѰ·ˡ
ţҪҪ쿪ĵĹգæӣȥ
أȻ׼ܰҵ£ҲأϣԼܰϵʲô
оǣ˵10󡣡
УҾø㡣һڴӦæǮװ쵽ģˣëͷСˣҵ£һ

ȥѲˡ
Ҳɴ˿ɼѾ֪һ֣֪ǰץˡ
лл㣬ࡣǶסˡ
С£ͱҿˡ
ԭûѰǮճ̣Ϊ裬Ŀ󣬶԰Ǯ;ڻţ
ͷ֮󣬱֪ǮǮ˸Ҫ;
绰꣬¥ϣֻü塣
ϧϧҲ֪ںδ̰˯ݺһˣ绰ҲȻûӰ
С㣬ˮˣɡſڶ¥Χ˵
ϧϧأ
ϧϧϧϧ㷿أһֱ˯ϣŪˮͺҿ
ء
˵ţϧϧҲӷС˳
ϧϧ尲ЦС㿴ϧϧҲһֱڵؼء
һ㡣͵ϧϧÿһèУһ㰢ɺã
ε˵ĻϧϧĽһ񾭣ڵи૵˵һ䡰ؼˡ¥ȥ


33 
, һԪʹ˵绰˵տ֣ͬʱҲΪʡնǸ
ٽ, һͨ绰, ̽ˡ
ˣҽĵ绰
溣绰ʲô
һ, Żȥꡢǰꡢǰ, ÿһԼ죬ǸŮ˶Ҹɻڴ绰
ÿ˵ο壬ĩˣܻƮƮض˵һտ, С㡣
ӦҲ˰ա
ҽ
С, εС˻ָˣûгָȾĲ֢״ɣ
ûСε覵ˣôʣ
Ǳá
п𣿡
ʲô溺û塣
ҽпյĻ, ׯ԰Զٱ㷹, ʱ򡣾ˡ
ϲ콵
溿Ͳýݼ١
಻ǸûûεˣǸܺˡӦ˽Ǯھһ
֪Ϥ/¼, ʱȥң˽ƼҺΣ֮С
ü˰, Ҫסε覣Ųñø, Ҳð޺֮ǡ
Ȼ, δĸ׾͵ˡ
ĸ׸絽, ԪѺΡ
裬λٻεϰҵСŮε覣Ҳҵĸˡĸε覣ɱСǸɶõĲŮ飬ᵯ٣СҲϲ
Ʒ˺áε覴ʱΧȹƷˣ̲ȥѽá
ǿͣôÿ˽أƷһϵΧȹѵ˼ҲǸϵС㣬㵹ã㵱þͱʹˡ̣ϽģεСΧȹˣʲô⴫ȥˣȥָͱ˵ƼƲεˡ
ˡôæҲûʲôΪֲ˵Ա⡣
ε覲ˣƷ˰ѻ˵ôأҲټˣΪΧȹ
ʲôȱõģø񡣡
ѣСƷ˵ҡҡȥ׽С
úúãС׽С
ѿߡΧ£ÿС
ƷǣСȥ棬ε覵ĸ첲Ļ㲻طϡҲദˣʲôˣʲôˣǸﶼжϡиңҡҼȴӦչ㣬ͲʳԣЩ
ллĿοֻϣûи;ϰ鷳źá
û鷳˵ɲ񰲾ع룬ôԼֵĺá
ôԼֵã񻹴ûⷽ
ڰǰǰ̫СˡǲԼ˼붼Լͬ
úֹݵλĻ˼۽硣

һһֱźɫõ廨һһˮ塣
С԰ӣҽ
Ŵ򿪡
ӭ˹ȥ
溣С緹ʱ𣿡
̣û
̡С˹
С걦溶£øһ¡
Ҳյ𣿡СĴȥ׺ڸϻһڡ
ѽ̵һգС겻᲻ӭҰɣ
ҽðɡ̰ˮߡ
С굱Ȼӭ֣ҲˡСŸ溿ճߣǿϧְֲڣҲ
ѣ
ǲĸףҲڣ
ƷֻС˻ˣɱȲСһо
пҲվʶģҽԺҲŸŮ
ԭǸҽ
Ʒˣá
ҽǡƷ˻ûԼĸŮ˭ûϹǼҵš
ƷˣǰεСˣΪιһ˳
溻û˵꣬˫ֱԱߣҽ˳εСˣ˳Է

Сô̫˵ӣԼ˵ˣ
εС㣿
Ʒֱ˵ԼԶٱ㷹ҲеְɡôԶʲô㷹Ѷǡ
е£ֲЦ˰
¶һЦС㣬տ֣
˵ţ˫õ廨ϣƯĻ͸Ưǣ껨ƣĺĺнʱ
ˣʮõ廨
õ壬顣
ⲻ֮䣬Ů˵Ļô
ĿյֺƤʣƷˣС㣬Ҳһٱ㷹ɣ
ҽ˵ﻰǿֶͣˣÿˣ롣
Ʒ˶Ը溵ӡܺãҽģΪͣ𰲾ϣԼŮ溳Ϊ޻̸Ĺкѡ
ȻԸ溸ŮͻеȣŮ˵տ֣ͻҲûʲôСֵġǵദʽ
˼ңŻţתֵݸ̵Ҹƿһˡ
ǣˡ

緹ССڡ
Ʒݵϰߣ˷ͽϢˡ
εڶ¥̨һ򻨲裬һ顣
һС԰һ
̣ڿʲôѽ
С꣬ǧôջߣָ̧ǿôСϿǶٰһľ壬ͿԵȥˡ
ѽѽС˵ֻֻڹ԰ǧԼҪҲУͿ쵴ǧˡ
ǣ֮࣬ҲָǸʣôߣ᲻Σѽȥ𣿡
һʼûԼ
С궼ôˣ۾ȫڴôŮʧأ
С꣬̿ǺŶںǰӡ
ۣṆ̀ǿСɴ۾ĵ㵸죬죬һȥҲæ
ãСȥǣȥҿǧĲϡǴ¼ԼµĺֻԼ㶨ˡ
ǣεҲС˹Ħα
ׯ԰ﴢȫȱľӡ溷˾ţ֮ĥľ壬ջԺİ²ӡ
С㣬ɣſϣһֻֻ
ȴδԺ/ӷȡ
಻ԼֻԸ£溵ЦӲϣʧ䡣ν̾С㻹ⶼء
/һײȿգһƨڵϡ
ܴˡ
ôҽԺҲȫԺϵĵһ˰ôˣǻǰ
Ȼô͵λˤëɸŤܼˡ
ҽ̼״ȥ
̣̣ˤʹʹСҲСܹȥģԾɲΪ
εǰһִס
Ƴࡣ
࿴ȥߵǰӸ¿ô߶ȣôҽ׼ڵϿޱҪҸ𣿡
ͷӣţ㸺𡣡
СԸ̵ľٶͷԣԼ䣬ֿڵϵĸ̺ѡܿ
ܵεߣ·Сʣ̣Ǻ͸ڳ𣿡
εסСС֣ش͸ûгܣˤˣҪ
̽ҮΪʲôѽ
̽Ҳʮ꣬ҲСءǴˣ̽Сûεĵ渵溴Բ
ŶǴˣԸ
ء
ŵϵĸ溣üûо˷е㡪ɰ
ѵСһѵ㿴ʲôӣ
ҡ溳ǰֱҸ첲ίͰ͵˵㿴ҶæСʱˣûйҲпͰɣһ²У
⡭̿ôľ
ҽϵɣǳʲô裿
εڴЦ㣬ҽĿӸˣŹͬβģݻһɡ
̨ף֣溸Ͻץס
ǳεͶȥһм΢ЦһԴס˵̣εСúտС꣬ǧʱСģơ
֮ǣСҪݻӡ
ʧſڣ˯¥Ʒ˴档
裬ˡ
ǣ
ҽŪ˿ӣҴһС棬ҽСǧȥɡ
Ʒһ˿죬븵溻Щֻ˸ҽ
΢΢ףƷˣСϲͺá

ƷҲ˴С굴ǧ֮ε覶ЩڣԼƣʻ˷
¥̨󿴵Ǳ飬صԼסķĶ
ԼĪʮӺ󣬸ŵķţεС㣬ˡ
ҽεӭӺܺ
ţ֮ĺ溹ϷţŶлεСԻΡ˳˿ڡ
εߵߣףֱԸ溽⿪µĿӣڸ첲ϣԿ󱳵˿ڴ
ҩׯ԰ﱸõǸ溽ҿɴ˿ڡԤƵʱ䳤Щ
ҲСײǽѿһΡεʵ˵
ѹ֡ɴ˴ͿĨҩ࣬͸ɾɴ߼ߵٻһɴɣͲˡ
εȴ⣺ҽжʮɣĸżĻô
Ҽ/
ϲˣεͣ˼룬úҸ
溲ˣɴֶһ£ϵĶεС˵ʲôҲǺܶ
ȱ޶ε·΢Цת溣ǹ⣬ֻΪһ˸˵ҲãƽƽһЩ
˵⻰ʱε˸ŵȴ⡣ͷݣΪղŵǸԲҽðˡ
ʣʱҲʡ
ε⣬溿Сƽʰҽҩ䣬˾䣺¡

뿪䣬վһķǰ
滻һഩĿӣŵය˵ҪСͲˡ
ǰĻƬһһŷ븵溵Ժ
ҽѧӵбҽѧƾרҵ˲šԼǵãͶҽѧԺ
ƼҽѧԺ˺ų̈Ƚҽģϰ塢ƷˡСһھϯǴξʽ
ʱŽҽѧԺһ꣬ԺѧϰǿԶԶϳͬ꼶ͬѧԺƸΪʵС鳤
ԭľʽϴѧԵӦȥʽ·⵽أ꼶Ůѧǿקһ깴ķϾɴҡ
Ůûжϵĥ/裬ֻǽءסأʱ䣬ȥֳ
ȥˣб̨
ıڴ˵ᶯһõţͼֳ˷ǣ֮δ
಼ס󣬲ס죬ڵۣ̿Ҫ¶ˣͱǶˡ
ֱʽһǱű˳ȥڵײײֳ
ʧԵĻ᲻ʲôܵ/費ԭ¡
ͬѧʳ˷ˡ
ǸòȻǵѧҲһʵС鳤ԺһͬƼԣޡ
ȥԼж࣬·жң״̬ж㣬˦һĶ⡣
ɣһĻ˵
֣һңװһ޹ӣǲǷˡ
Ժһͣ˵ѧٮٮߣղ֪ʲô̼ŵʧбᣬһʾͬѧס
һ¡һαǿʱ࿪ˡ
˲ĿУԼϵ˿Ϊϵϣסֵѩ׼
ǣġȻԺϿɳ޵ҽѧ˲ţضƽӹ֮˵ǣΪһŮԣۺʱøɸɾ棬ʧ̬ñ˿Ц𣿡
˵ֵ˫۵컯վͶŮͬѧֶţĸʦû̹ŮܲףУһϹ𣿿ǰɣ
䣬Ҳ䣬һ̵ȴø溸еޱȵů
һ꣬ȻĶ԰Ρ
еĸ溽˿û˵лл̧ˣֻһ߹ٻӰ
ѧУ˴£ԭǰĽλͬѧλŮ߸ķͷԲššѵ溣ԴȡǰֵĻᡣ
Ů溵ǸѧУļǹ֡ΪؿڱҲװģǸ
ԺӰؿ˸溵ϡ
Ͽλ·ԷҲε
ҲҪҪŸл
ǼҾͨҽѧңƼĺ̫ȥˣֻᱻʸȨ
ʱлԼȴҲ֪ԼͬΪŮӵĸΥġ
ݣֻܽѹĵףż͵͵ԶԶȥһۡ
ҵҽԺĵһ꣬ҽҽԺ˶Ի
Ϊ/ޣΪĸ
ɢŵĹɲãȶǰ޶ˣҲӣĶ
꣬ʶĵꡣҲǣĵꡣ
úҸҲΪеˡʼһҲûҪ⣬ܹĬĬ㹻ˡ
Ψһʹˡ
ɹͰ֮оһ֣
Ĵ𰸣ǰׯ԰Ϊεʱõˡ
ȷ飬飬Ϊε覵飬ǰ顣
ֻͬ˵Եʰɣε覺Ͱ飬εҲ顣
ΪԼЩѾؽɸ˵صõˮ©ˣȴڽʱգ¶ε覵۵¡
Ψһʵˡ
Ҳε覡
ʰεԱ˴˵Ũҵİ⡣δΣ뵱µǳమš
ȻԼأⱲӴԶҲܸ鰮ϵĹϸɡ
һظԼһ˲ռ
İǴģǾģǳ߶ʥġģҲòǡ
ɡ
úõԼҽ׸ҽѧҵЩ˵ĸ飬һѰٵʵĹޣɢ򳾰䶨ֻתһ
˱á


34 
ׯ԰, Цﲻϡլۡߣȴѹһüչ, ١
/˽һ, ֵǱ˼ҲζŰϻۣҲѱ֪
үĵǻһ, ƴһ䵱, Ȼѡ߼۵ǵ̡
ҹƷ嵥Ŀ
ЩܵЩܣЩ, Щֻǰ, ԰嵥ֻɨһۣͷ
ǵ֮ǰ, ǻȥҲƷ, ĿǶмСֻ˼ۡ
ʱȣûгԣʱһҵһҵȥȼѰҡ
ӴⲻǾϰ帮ϵܼʲô˼Ҹˣүеڴ̶
һֻ, űо/һ籨ڿ
үھͺáҲˣͻ鷳¶, ҪʽתתҲֻôС飬Ҳ֪ǼҴСԭ, Լҽ, ֡ⲻЩֵǮ֮Ե, յӦǮ
жֵǮȡүۿ±ֽö
ţƴ֣һǰһӳϰӽݡ
ӣݳ嵥үۡ嵥䶫ۡ
үӹ嵥ڹ̨ǰƹҲ濪ųΧתһȦһ⣬ϲʤүͷǺö
ʲôãʲôô꣬ʲôֵǵıûүֽ嵥Ӹƹ񣬡ȥ㣬Щֵ١
ϡƹᣬƵͷλһ£ֵʱ򣬰ѶӦĶҿơ
á
ƹ񷵻ع̨࣬嵥һһۡ
Ū̵Ķ죬Ź̨Ҳôġ
ȫƹٴγյү߱˼ۡ
ү˼һڵһڼۣĻ򡣡
ƹ˵ԭǣ䱦ͷңʮҪٴжֽţʹֶΣʮڻ¡
үıۣһ
ЩҲһУȻͲȥ˼ˡ
ӣԤڵǰʮ
үڹѹۡ
ҲһóôǮĵ̣ȫֻүˡ
˼ǺʱүɿڵǼҾϰңٸʲôģǮ£ҲǲС
ڲׯ/Եˣһֱŵġ
ү˻棿ἰˣǡſ˽
С㡣С㡣ͬʱ
ڰģܡưƵı飬ܵɫƸոյɫҪ
ͰүǷǺεȸ߰ˣܴ/裿
ȥǸˣϵ
飬뽫ӰĹɷת׬һĲۣƽ۰ٻҲٸ˷ֺˡ
װȤ׳Ͱǩͬʱص㡣
Ҳǽ񳿣ڰǩͬʱ˰Ҹ򡣡
Ϊ᲻ġ顱
ɰȴó׼õĺͬԼõλϰдϢǩԼֺݸܣЦɽϰ塣
һλϰŷӦԼˣˣһʱ㲻ǱˣˣǱˣˣֻǱˣˣ
ˣ޿κΡֻܷ߷ȻưͿ˼ˡ
б֧Ʊ˰ֿ
ŰѳȥгֿŰͽóҪȥǵ̣֪ϰ巽һ̣
ϳ
ûд˾һԼġ
˵ףû԰ģȻҲᵣİΪ˰ɵ£İҲѲץȥ
Ѳ鹤ֹϽִӲ/ߣڹûã˳̳ûػνٲά衣˫ƽƱҲҪѪС
ɰˣ˵ûʲôѪɳˡ
û뵽ǣȻҪ䵱ƷĵزˡжȱǮΪǮҲү
͸һүڻû˵үһڴ/̣Ϸʵؿ˰һۣ̫ʦΡ
̶棬ƹ⣬תȥһ䷿װпˮĲװ˲ҶĲյһ˳
߶ںˣڳɫ졣
ү̶ԸִҼ磺ʹˣ˰òඡ
ǹάүνýᣬٶӣϥ֣֮˵ǰһ
ƸϽס䣺С㣬ɡ
¡
Ƶ֣һֱסקȥһԣԼ𣿡
̸ˣԸ˪سԼ֣ϰ壬ƽ۰ٻЩӦõģҶûимЩͲˡƴֳۣҲ㡣
᣺ҪģֻƲ㣡
Ϊ⣬Ťͷƣ壬ҸүġǺϰȥңûҵķԸ
ǣС㡣Ӧ
ʹʹɫһһߵࡣ
˸롱ƣϰ壬ȥȰɡССķͱˡ
ѻ˵ôҲ޼ƿʩһšü߳˵̡
ûߣ·ķس̡
Ȼһ֧̻û꣬еشˣ壬ȥƹǮ
̸ˣ
šʮ򡣡
ǰſţƺž𰲾־С㣬СѪˡ
֣Ҳûǿ˵û£˵ǰѪˣ㲻Ұ£ôţ
Ʊһᣬϵ̿ϵ˿ĵ˿ڰãǾͻȥȥٸҩ
׹ұܣһӻװãȥſһֻ֣һϸ̵Ϻ觹׹ӡ
ǡ
ܼ״˾䡰ǷˡԼĳˡ
ݿѵĲյԼƬϵʺѪҲһ
ͷӦþǲյˣȴһ䰲үĶԻû塣
үӲԼĲŮˣ˭˭ùѪġ
龪һүҲĺųһ亹ӱƤûˣһʹĴ

Ǯ֣ưȥһ׼裬øȥȥ
ں棬һ̲ͣȥҽԺ
ʹ죬һϻû˵Ѳľ˵绰˵Լ׷Ƿˡ
okϰ壬ȥĵܻܵؼžˡ
δκλӦתߡ
ȴϰ壬Ǻܿټġsee you
ȥѲӵˣûôģԼ˵쾯Աֹʱģصһûˡ
˻ѡ
ϵȷʵ˵·סЩŹˡ
賿ͻȻѶкζԹڣ
Լǲ²⿨/˽һйأΪ˴֣ǵ»Ѻ޷ĳĹڣǽﵽٰĿģԲûס֡
޳Сˣϣűը
ûôƭ̡
ҧгݵӲ/ͦţ˵߹ʼģ˵ԼǸûӵӵܣԸȥǸ
Ǽƺ˼ɣûݵ̷ҲûϴûϢĺ󣬾ͷŹ
ոձųǰԱȥԡϴһɾ·
԰룬ĻҲ˿ûбֳ˲ӣҴŲǳǿǲԸΪԼǡ
㣬ҹˣ
Աʲôû˵Ҳ֪϶ǰ̸ĳô챻ų
ţ⳥ҽƷѡ£ûıҪʹˣǱ߶ҲɢϢ
ԡ
˫ֽճȭɿЦûµĽ㣬һаҵ˽Ǯ©һᲹϡˣѲѺĻô˵ڣǣˣʲôʱܰѻǣʮ̨ⶼˣȥ𣿡
ս׳ڻ⣬Ҳ˶ܰʻ
ΪʲôԿ֡
㰲ˣĴҲһ
½ϴȥӦˣ綫æ£δϵϣھȥǱ߿
̫Ѩͻͻְֱ̧˰Խֲ̧ۣŵɫ˿˰ɫѪ
ץŭʵ㣬֡ôŪģ˭˵ģǸ/𣿡
ǡѿӵĿ⿴㣬Ѳ͸ҴܵøҸɰɣ
ճôͳѲ»۵ػĹһҾŭģ͡ˡƮͷٿ㡣
ɣ֤ƾ޾ݾͶˣ˵Ļк̨ˣ𣿡
Ȼ
Ǯؼ졣
ҪݾߣҪÿĶź÷׷飬ҳ긣ͷ걬/ըϵΪ֤ݣΪԼĶиʹۡ
ѧʱһִУ͵˿ҫڻݵı/ըԭĸ⣬һ/ı
⣬ʹ޿ҲֻܱԼڲء
عֻҪпֵĳϣȥԼʧء
ε覵ĽӽֺãҲ˵Ϊ˿ﰲ£»
ϰͷʹϰǶ֪ε˽½ܵϢ
֯鱨ߣ˳ǰݣεǷǳ/ըҲģԲ뽫ƾͼƸε覶顣
һΪԼڻиεҵĻ
氭ڰĴԣŷˡ
ټϴŸϰµĽǢߣҲٽεң¶ˡ
ų˿ڻˮ𣬻밲ԣԴУҪ֡
ʱ֯Ҳɸһ񣬷չ¿ΪڹֵӦ
иѦ֮εĹֻ˶¡¿Ϣͷʮѵ顣
ϣ¿δְ֮ܽԸͽһһࡣΪ¿á÷ŮһڣʡҲǳ/ը
Ѳҵط¿˵绰
˵ΪԵ޹Ź򿨶ץѺ졣ڴڼ䣬ֻҪΪɣͻ¶
ȷˡ
¿ʱ̹עŹֺѲͷǻˣǻ˶£һץյѲϢˡ
ҲȻͨΥ桰ʡС۵ס
ڶܿصĹֻ쵽ݵλ¿һԼ߶ûУ
ڴӾԱе֪·ǳ¿¶³ڰϼַչҵķϣΪ׼ʱ֪¿ѾĻ
¿ְ֣룬ǻĴ˿Ϊ룬Ż˷顣
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ϴº˳¹鹤ֽӹܣ츣̣ͬʱ»޷ʱλɾ޴ʧһãӢ˭
˵⻰ʱìͷָӢǿ
ĸĳһҪ
Ͱ˵Уһˡ
ϣҲ֮С
̣ĿתضŰ
תͷ׵ͷЦ㣬ɢ˵㣬Ҳɵӡ


35 
е, ½ҲѵȺڶɫص򰲾㱨С㣬ڻվһҹҲûȵݹװлĻ˳, ֱҸ񴦴˵绰, Ҫ˶ԷϵʽǱߵĸ˵, ·ϵ, һӵ·Сзͻ/飬ܶ·ͣˡΪ˰ȫ˺ͻݡ˵ϵ, һ, Ը˫⸶򡣡
Ѿϵ˻бʡ
ڽӵ, Ͷ϶һġ⡱żȻ
, ݵĽϤڣΥԼѲѺĻ, ҽλͣ¶ˡеĶҴһĳҵԱȥϵϳһЩСӣҲǹǾɻЩ, ˵ǹͬӵüʱ, Լٰϵʧ, ͬʱҲʵǵ롣Ǵ˴ԸԮ֣ϻÿ·һЩǡ
˰ķ, ûеӦ¡
Լӡ/顱˼г룬صԼ뷨
㣬Σһͬ۹ã岮Ǳ㲻ùܣҶšҵĽǣ˵СӽӵȥΪڴһŵģϵĹҲȫųģǣͷض˳Ҳ°빦ֺѲĽҺʹȥ򣬻Ǯ㣬һأ𣿡
˵쳣ᶨҲǰһδϿ˵һ㶼鸡һֺеŵĳŵ
áͰ˵İ졣
㣬ңһʧظ֤ȥҴˡ
ţǵԷ
еˡ
ڣͺȫˮİ̲ϿһͷҲ˲öӣ㣬ҳȥȥҴ󲮣ո绰˵£Ͷˡ
ͷ·ڴһɢǮǮȥ¡
У糵ȥǮҪͣȥô೧ӣȷҪ
ߺ󣬰½ϴ绰һĳƶ˷ֹķƻ
λϣԷӰİš
Ͼӳô£岮Ҫô²ؼҪôڣŴӸϽ⣬ֻһζ͹ʩѹǶ취ǻְ˲ơ
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ıѣе⡣˷˼Ҳ̾
ձ˾Ѳܾŵ᲻ȡ֤ץΥߡ
޽չΪγˣγ׾Ҳȫʧˡּ޲Ԥı
Ǹǣŵͷж
·ڴһ֧Ʊ¾һݸ½ϡ
ϳͱˣȥȥǮݼ˿ڣÿÿƽһǧ÷ѣ˵˵ǿү⣬ǽڰ˳䣬Ժ࿿Լ̤̤ʵʵӡ
ǣС㣬һס
С¡
ס
һ죬Ҳ̫һɡ
½ϸжġ
ϰ壬ҲĴ㣬ıܷۣҲ޸ĸҪػġҡ
ֻʣһˣڰ칫Ҹ˷Ҳ鿴ҵγµ֤׵˿
˰Сʱͷʧ󡣲֮ѶǸı䲻˵ʵ
칫ﶼ䱸е绰
绰ׯ԰ĵ绰һղ꣬ͱҶˡЦһҡҡͷ˳ȥ

æµһ죬ۣҲȰ˵˺üСӴӦӵӡΪ˱֤޲ϻԱȥЭҲ˳ھ顣
ڵԴصҷְ½϶ˡ
㣬˰ɣȿȲ衣ȲߵűߣȸһΪ׼Ļ裬ҽǰˡ
ְһݵУҲˣȲڡ
ϥӣǿųҲչ˴ģԲض˵
˰Щ꣬Ҳİ˰ҵĴСڰ𾴡
Ӷǵһˡ˴ػΪңΪ˰Ƕ۶඼ܵס
ƺ½ϴӳ˷һСˣඡ
żˣֻƣжɢˣҲůˡ
ϣҲյЦݡƺкܶ໰˵ɵֻһ䣺Ҷɡ
ƽǷڲſϸСͬòͣ˵Ǵ˼Ҫ֣֮Ҫйأ̡
첻ʲôرĽգǶװ⣬װĿһ˵ʲôǾʲôֻĵ㣬֪ۺʱǶڡϧϧҲϳƸ͡
ϧϧǰ֮ǰĬġ
Ϥ󣬰ȾٱһƣǼ̩ɽĶ롪ϰ塣
ԣҲٱ˾ơ
ڶƣǼͿ๦ߵ衢塢ϸ绹ƽ㣬лôҺҽչˣǶҺҽͬʹļˡ
ƣһ̫/ƽʢ
¶ǣ༸˽еľнһһ˵˿ĵķźͼҳ
ϣûʰ£ҲûʰΪʲôһǶܿɹİ뻶䡣
ҹ˯ǰĵ绰ˡ
С㣬ĵ绰εСġǰ˵
¥һɤ
ûдŵϢɣ溶౧еĸε覸
縵ˣƷҲ˼ҡʱСҲ˯ˣŵ绰
ϴû˯
㣬ǲҲˣС
ţûܼ֣꣬ܽЩ춼ȥˡΣҲء
æ߶Сô죬Ҳûؼˡ
Բ𡣡ׯ԰뿪ʱ˵ʳˡ
Դεȥׯ԰СססֻҪڣ಻ܾסһ
ûжԲҡûãﲻæ빴˸еεתƻ⣬ˣҽҲˣСһǧСʮֻϲҲҵ˿ڣ˵ָúܺã㲻õҡ
ûõǸҡεԽ룬Խе
ǰʶε覾ûôܡ
ٰζںεãȴֻһѰԵĥ¿࣬ΪˡǴӦҪҵĴӢ۵ġ䲻֪˺ѣ㣬ܴ찲תΣΪ
Լݳɾ˵ĽɫʵϰѴ̡
ϷƮҡҲûȥԼˡ
ͨ绰ֲͨεҵĺ롣ӵĵ绰ȥүʱ򣬻ε˼䡣
ε壺˵
뿪ׯ԰Ҫǡ
磬һɳȥ㡣ε˵˵绰
ε覻ط󣬰Լڰ˯ĵط

峿緹Ϳˡ
˽ıֽҲװ׼δɵҪת̸£СӲС
ǰӵԶó׵Ļص磺ϰ壬߸߲ͬβʱ䣬ֻް¡
áתл⡣
ϳƾ׷˳С㣬һ绰˵үǶ󳳴֣˸ʲôӼĶͬҪȥһ¡
ڣ
Ʋ֣Ĵˡ
һ
Ůصڴſڣĵ翴ǣϰ壬үһʶһĶһǼӼģҪ콻ͬǴǰǩģ޴ǰ㣬Ͻ컹ʣʱ䡣⡭Ҫǳû⣬콻϶û⣬ֻʣ죬ǼӰాҹһҲܸϳڵǣǸ첻
ȥ˵
һ֪ʵҲⳡ԰϶ġ⡱ɲ֮һ
ϲĻ죬λĻ־ͻԶˮˡ
˭ʵվͲƼˡ
ڻڳ칫ҵɳϣŮ˵үϰˡ
ͬŮ֮ûأƵıڻ
˿˫ĿѪ˿ͷˣȷǰ־ؽͬڲ輸ϣմմϲϰ壬㡭㿴ңҰǩĴӡ
΢΢ûȥúͬǶϵıӣˮõ˰ϡ
˼룬˼ػ˻ͷ漴ĨһϵˮһվŭӰʲôң
ǰǩĵӣΪν侲ó档
ҡңȭôԴ췢£ǣˣңȾ椣ֻҪҺȹͰѶҡ
һ죿
ƿԡҪǽ类ư˳֪ԼѾûؼˡ
ҹǳе£Ҳ졣
죬õޣҲñš˳
ƣһھ˱Ķֻǵøҹܻᣬǽ˺ܶƣҲƯ㡣
˭ǵ£
γǺγڶ÷ɿ죬´ʱ͸γ˵绰°ǰԴ¹ҡָȥ¡
ȸ£ǩĺͬ𣿡ȻγЩһģҲǼıеһԱ
ǡ
ץͬڰץ绰ǰϵǩͬˣҵҪ˭µס
ϵˣˡ
ͷſڡֻŽĿڴ칫ҡ
ڽͼԱ⣬źͬҡڵ߽ǩͬѡ
ڵʱҲɵˡ
ưһ󣬳ҲԼ췢£֮ոձһͨʣɵҲʲô
Ȼİָſıӻðɵ㣬Ȧף˰Ḷ̌þ޶Ϲٴͨǰнǵ»ڽ
ҵöүĿ࿴ˣҲûɵһǴôһͨ͸ˡ
//ϷŪүڱԷ̬Ⱥ/ԵƼŭҲˣųȥۼֿıһȭ򵹡
ڱϲأġ
ĵǣͼѹǰμ棬ûиѹ˵Ǻܿټ档
ΪԴޣ
̧ӢķԸ˱ڣǰүȥһλŮʿҲȥš
Ů˼վǰץס첲Ҹ̸û¡
ϰ塭
иҪҪȥˡ
ŮͷӦ£˳ȥ
ھǸٻӲĹӸһȭôٳһ
ű߿ԼҳˣҪӵڵǯƣѺͬӸͷ½̧ˡ
űϺ󣬰̩Ȼλϡ
ȻԵõɳôϰ壬˯ú𣿡
л˵ûոӡ
Ӣչϰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣֻҪɣѲ̾Ϳ͵ңϰ廹Ǿϰ壬ϵɾϰȫȨӢֻĻɶӢǰ£ӢҲ澵ϰľߡ
ϵĹɷݣռٷ֮ʮ󲮡ռٷ֮ʮ壬ռٷ֮壬ʣ°ٷ֮ʮɢڴ󲮡塢λŮϡ
Ρ
Σoh noһ㶼ϲΡҡʳָ⾵ϰ龫ǡ˴ʧˣ㻹֪ҹλһҵȫɷѾ˰ɣ
壬ǰֵ⣬Ҳһ
׵Ӱ죬ҲΪŮӵԵʣŮҲ޴̵Ұġ
ŮȥʡɷһĺСŮֻȰС꣬ѧﵱʦδһѧʦ
֮һ˵Ĺͬƽƽعӣϴ϶Ҷ٣Ӳܹ˾񣬹˾ķֺÿǾն١
һҵȫɷݼǰٷ֮ʮš
ΪβһкͰѹɷݶˣ
ʲô
no no noҶʲôǵĹҶʲôϰѵû˵ȫصĺѧʿʲôĻ˶Ƿǳڹͳһķ/ΪѧУµʦѧץЧȣΪɣ
ˣ翴ıֽпرǴƪ
ʵ̬ôأ
ǿᵽıץʦȻҵˡ
־ǿΪҲһ룬Ȼүڰ￨ӢǸ翹бҪ
־ߣ¾ɣûʱ򡣰ΥԼ𣬰𡣡
ָǰǩµʶ
no no noϰִˣһҡʳָȷʵ˰ҵأҪϰһлεҪ10ƸȥĶôǮ˾ϰ壬̶ͰҴˡ
㵽ΪֹҲٰصȰתùɷˣл˰ϰ壬ǵڰǮϣʱүҸεСϲƣһҪ
ںźӣڻŮˣֻѡ
ΪѪͳԽĵƲϱʵѹսܹԴӶǰʼͰﵱʵıƵֳ̽£ϵ֮ǱΪ飬ΪΪ
̵ö˿ٴγѪûгȥῨ
򣬽ʮ
ȻԼʮƸ
ʣһʮȥεסε嵱ڿļۣȻᷴڡ
뿪ſڿʹӺĬĬš
СҪһ
ԴһƬңʼʱ䷢ġ⡱Ū׿ΪӢ尲ģٹ˽ԭǳģ
ԩ޳ΪʲôҪ۽ֳǮε覵սƷǰҫ
ڰ칫˼ʱϢ
㣬ϢǣǱɿͬûػˣϢǣ֮ã򡣡


36 
ܴءϢ, ٲ˳¿»
ԭΪ⳥޶ΥԼһܵĵȴʱܿܰȥЩӦЭС½½ֶԼˡ
Ϊ˴, /вСĳ, ׼ǽӰϵĵ˰ϹԮľ档
¾԰Ļ, ³ɺһ, ͷƾдòɿ˫ʧء֮ĺͳ͵ĵͷߣһҶ
·˿ҲͷŲܿĹˡֻҪܸ, ѡ
һ, ҹͣرⳡϣƣ, ˲Ǯ
պĵ, Ⱦ/˽һķ粨΢ƽϢˣű׽˽㣬űҡ
ε覸ǺҲҡƸ֪϶Ų°Ǳ, δȥǻ鷳˶ʮСʱ俴, 
Ҳû֣״, ˵Լᰲִ, ҪǮ
գԼǮ, ԴǸ˵Ҫ10򡣾Բϣò̫
лл㣬ࡣôܹأҪ֣Ҳֹ
ϴһˮڲ輸ϣСҪ𣿡
Ҫ£ǵרΪЩʺиԵĲȡҲ˳һġ
ö˵ſ࣬ȥϰ塢Ʒ˵ġ
࿴˿⣺ţ
ıһֱڳǰҲ׳ŵᳬʱ
˳߿ȥѹѹľûƲʣҲֻкڰɫ
̫ѹˡ
һ̺д򿪣һ˵ڶˣ㲻̫ҡҡѰϱ⿿ֶΣҲ̫ˡ
ңôǮȻһ֪
֪ûк֣㱻ждҲһˣӢⷬȻıѾá
ˮڡ۵ģҲǼģе㷢˺üλŵȼ̡
˵ˣⲻСĴȿԱ࣬ҵĺܣǶơҲҪҵǰ棬ҲҪΪҿ·ֻ󷽣ӹĳǳرݡԺʵˣϣ̧ʩһͰ뷹ġ
˵ʲô㣡ػӻ֣̻ûǰߣӽ̻Ҹס
ٳ㣬ҿɲҶḷ́Ӱ췢ǲǲ뵱ӵĸˣ
Բ𣬶Բ࣬ңҺͿˡĺӣҶϲ
ţ״εص˺üǸȻҲ˫ȣвӿ̫ˣʱ򶼲֪ԼʲôҲ֪ԼöԲԡ
ס֣ͼݸһЩĺҵһ˵ģʢ˥Ҳһ˵ΡҪѧ裬ҲҪ̹ȻԳɰܡʱǨĳУֻܿܿСһȻҲһǳҲҪ壬һǳĹ޵ģҹյģͷϵһƬǺӡ
ᵽǳɵۿȡ
Сʱĸ׶˵Ҫ뿪ˣͻữϵǣΪɢڰˣȴûúÿǿաȻ֪ϲɲԼһԹĶһϹ¿
ٵΪĸһļңɡҲ뿪ˡҲǸ֮˰ɣǡ
ġҲƲסĵУߣرסǵ˶찲źõģʱʱڤڤ֮⡣
彩Ӳ૵𣿡
оԼĿܣ֣ܵԣÿ˵ϲ⣬Ťת
Ȼϲ⣬Ǿ͸ûŵʱ޹ص£˵԰ɣࣿ
Űĺ壬ͷ˶˵Ǹԡ֡Լ˵ˣħһ
ȴչһЦõƻլƬǰҵ˽ҵѺ˲˳СɷǵزȤȥ
ʮ꣬Ѻ͵Ѻɣһͷڰϵת䣬һʱ͸ʵǸպεģҵ𣿡
û϶һ٣Ҫ¾û£ҵ練ơɳȥˡ
¾һһֱ̫޳ɰߵùӿڳѲ侮ʯĳЩ̹ãҲһš
ȰܲȡЦˣǴʲôطġֻҪǲȲңľһǣ

ߵʱ򣬰ô
˵ү㶼ͷöʲôˣ㻹ҹżң˶Ͳֵѹ
ԩҳȥҲҽ¡̾СҼϸģ͵֣ҽ˲Ǯȥ¾ЩڷֵǵļҾˡϣûЩǮ
ǽܣҪңҲص̾˿Щ½ȥˣܣ㣬ķڰ޷ĳĸϡ
֪㡣ɲǣСʱǰŸ¾İ档
밲Ͻа壬ǵ˭ĺô
˭Ӣϰ壬˲밲ԣύ/Ҫ10ƸȢεҶСΪޡǮҲˣҿӢҪٻһˡƻ˶ӣûеǱҲͰ˵硴ˡ
һ⣬ԸôƸȢˣϢ10Ƹ°û˵ƼҺҲѴĸ׿е֪
ؼ10ġ˵ţ̧ͷӴۿķ򣬡ҽεС㵱ã޸
ε塣
꣡㣬⻰ɱҽ
Цѡ෺˿ɬҲã÷ôҲҿ˳۰ɡ
㣬ؼϢɣȥģҶˡ΢΢¡Ķ˵СҲˣԺ󰡣Сߣ˾˶ˡ
˵İһΪ˾ˡļ磬ӺɷøҴʮ־һ࿸ҵˡ
ˡ
˳ҲȥԺĳһ
ҹ½ϻŰֽ˵ǰΪתġ
ֻд֡͡
˰
ǰͷı/ը¹ʣǿΪ˱˽¶ġǰϰ尲ͷҲ⣬СؤǴݼϢƭȥġ
ǰûΰǿǲʶع״Ҳûΰǿй͸ûˡ
½ϸ˰˵Ŀɿȣӡֶ͡ζشžǰͰһ档
СȴϳɵİŰɣ֤أ
ץһ¶£֪ǿүԾϰ壬ܻԼһǰãҹܻѰʱ˳¶ϵĹ¶ѵ˿֮衣һ꣬վ˽ŸŻͨͷĸʦֽţ¶󣬵۾Ͷ䶼Ǳǳ/ըˡ
ƲԣΪ˻Ѳݲݽ᰸¶˼׷飬ҵҲ׼ӵĸʦȭ֮гࡣ԰еǮƣһ첲һȡҲӲչ񡣡
֪Ԫףϸڣ˿Ķ֤ˡ
֪ģǵڶ⡱Сؤˣ˭
ʳ仰ʱԼһѡǽŻǸˣȱģ֤ݡ
ʶˡӶͳһŵݸ֤ʡ
ȡźһֽ
ϵݣһȭ棬ҧгݵ³֣ε壡
ûε֣д˴۾ƬΪɫüͻұü崦һź룬ͷƽк롣
ε˭
ֻаͰˣһˮϣǸүŰǰ͵дŵˣʱĹѣˡҲܽڵϢ֪㡣
뻦ڻ⵽٣޷֮һԳ̷ȥĸ̸⣬ʵβ֪ͷ걻ըһ¡
żȻ꣬ϳҡ
ʵ꣬СؤʱʱҲڲԶˡҲ֪Ϊ£ΪǸҲͬһֻǳȥȺͷĺЩʳ
˴ñӣû߹ȥǰСؤѾˡҰѴȥͷָӣٶȥ͵ȥֱ/ը죬ݻ˺ܶͥ㣬Ҳңʧȥ׵ˡ
û긣ͷĳʦҸסҸͳԵģҲ֮¡꣬ĸҲˡȻҸǿү
겻СؤѾǰˣطһ˷˾ƣԷЩľ
ܵĥ԰ֱŽңҿ֮پǷǡ
ֽϵ֣˵ּȥ㸸ĸĿŵԭҲˣᵽĲǰٻעʵ̨̡
ˣȥˡ
ʵĳѹѹΪθңҽ㣿
ϰ塭ǸˣҲǸеʶŮǿˣҺֻܾЩ£ҾӦȥ
Ϸ˹˫⣬Ҳ⡣
䲻˽ⰲҲð빤ǰϼ޻̸УĹ֮
ߣǵûֹڰϼʱ⡰ǮǮ½԰ĸ֤֮ҲǸĵش֮ˡ
ĸ޹࣬Ȩ֪ҲΪĸ
ȷǸȥһˮôԸˣǿүҵģ
ǿүֻ֪ǰߣ֪ߡǿү˼ҲǲþϰǣСգǻһݴϰ塣
һ⣺һǹ
ָǿ
ߣһǹ̫ˡ͸¶ƻñӴϣүӦýύ˲ٸӵܣȥϳӪĵ¶ׯЩɶǿֱʣΪ˲ˣ˵ز˾үأǡ
֪˵ĴʲôôЩ¶ׯָôε帶ۡ
ݾ/鱨ǰڡʾ˲Ϣ䣬Ϊõʱ䲻ˡ
ôȥ£Ǳʲô
ˣŵȥһңúδ򶼱ͷˣѧУտΣ㣬Ϊ˲ǣѾþټ¡
δҲߣ
ҡͷ˲ߡȰ˵޹ѡ˾ТԵ޷֣һ
컯Ūˡ
Ҹһ䣬Բ𡣡
Ҫ
յ촵ͷҶɳɳ죬ƣҪˡ
̧ͷ죬˶ʮӣվۿɼٶȰ֪û
֪ڼûί10Ƹֻʱȥεң
תͷһܣۿɼٶһ㣬ȧǶˡ
ķ֣ͷˡ
㣬ͷôһ̣ŮҮΪʲôͷѽ
㣬ǲͷʭӣԲŲѽ
㣬ͷᣡŮرиԵһ
㣬㿴ûǼ˵ýǲΪͷ̫̫ûŮϲѽ
㡣
ţ
You are so coolI love youlove daddy and mom so muchI'm proud of you
Ӣģ֪˵Ŀ϶Ǻû
Ц̧లͷ۴ʱ˿жڣսδϵδҵδԽԽá
δǵδһԽԽáδİоϣ㣬ҵصʱ򽻸ˣĹɷݶҰɡ
ûҵģֻҵ⡣׷Ѱ·ߵսսδʧ
֪ΪҡΪе̫࣬ймңȻԼѾԲ𰲼ҶԲ𰲾ˣٶԲȰĹҡ
֣ܵܵһ
μ׹䣬ʻһ磬һ״·ըڶߡ
ֱץסԿ־
˾䣺á

кﵷңʹʧ󶼱ӢˣΪйƷ
ӢĹĴļ˵Ĺ浥˱ֽ
ͣգ޷ĳĻ̡̻ܸнҲа಻סģҪ幤ʣۡ
Լȡ»ʱʣ죬һδƽһʧȥͷĶڲ˱/ҡ
ӢĹʱȰϵĸߡ
кܶ»ǵĺЩϿͻˡ
ͣôˣܲϵĳӻȥ𣿡
ˣǻʲô
Ṥʣ
ԣҪʡ
һӵŮĵ绰󣬰ʱӶʮڸȴڻУ֪˭ӳʯͷԴ
ѪӶʵ·ϣҲûܣֻ쿪һǹ
ǹ󣬶ʱѻȸ
½۹۰˷ѸٴȺһɫŵĸŮ˵˭ͷµģ
ǸŮ޺ˣ죺ԩˣǶȺֲ/ϰ壬϶ǲǽµĹˡ
ŮæóӸסѪĵطϰ壬죬찴ס
סӣǶϸˣǳ𣿡
ŮŸ˵ֿúܡλڶᵽӲ칤ҪΪ˼ϵͬ
Աм˵˵ͷǳĹˣûãҲһ¡
ԣŮ˵˼䣬õĸˣתһ̨
ڰϹĶǻˣǷǴͳ޷֯գƶҲǻĵľáҪҺڣҪȥӢҲҲסΪǵȨֻҪڰϣҰ͸ظ֤ǵȨӢֻһݣǾǿʳµĵ͵ȹˡΪ˴ǽӵѡȨȨڳ˶ţԸͰϹѹصԱֻҪڣһÿÿ¹ǰٷ֮ʮҰԳУ˵㻰ҪߣУȥ񴦽㱾¹ʡ
õϰı֤󲿷˶˹ǣٹ졣
׼·½ٴΰס
ѲŮȺֵǸպڸѲߣǹ߸ˡ
λ٣ɿ˾£˾ϰ塣ŮŭָŸˣµָ򰲾Լϰ嶼˳ʲôˡ
ѯһ϶Ϊͨһģʾԭ£ܺͽ⡣˱Ѳߣʳ֮֡
ǹҲ˽ͣһЩѡ
ѹ±/Һ󣬰ǲɢ˱ڡ
½Ͽ˵òᣬʣС㣬ȥҽԺһͷ˰ɣԴˣɲ㴦ˡ
ѪѾֹסˣ½ϵȰ칫ȥ
С㡭
Ȼͣ½ϣһǲźγǱǮԸѰϡߣȥһҡ
ȥҽԺɡ½زӰĻ󣬳칫ҺҾͶѲѲˣױҵͱҵˣҵҲʱ䡣
ְǱСȫ⼸Сػ˶ٴˣ
ȻûʧְʧְʧְûоӦְֻ޲ôСܵЩȫӱԼеΪСֵһЩʹࡣ


37 
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ε˿ڸǵľɰһָڵĳ, ҪһȦ, 鷳С, 򽩳ֲ¡
ǻʿ, ˿ΧһСͷ㹻ɴͽճλá
ͷ˻᳤
οͷҲ
Ҳڻʿͷʱз˿䵽, Ȼ, ԼͷȻһСôˡ
ͷϵˣ½˺γϳһ˵ļҡ
ϵƿ, ˷
½ʾ, ֱӳϣŶ롣
㸴ʽ¥½½ཫÿ䶼һ飬ͬѲ, ջ
վڶ¥ԵĴǰбǻ˼Ҷ¥ĴſһСŮ߿
һν, ĴûǸ黨Ů
Ŀֱ֮߾жʮңܵ, Ҳ̽ԴҶ˿
ʲôҲûС
濴ȥ, ֻǸСŮƺЦ
ʹأ˻, ظԴջȥƣСĵȥ
ҲõŮĻֻӦ
С㣬Ƿʲô𣿡½Ϻڸ˭֡
ûС
Ȱ˿½Ҳչȥ⿴ۣûˡɵչϴž˵
򿪴¿С㣬¥иСŮȥ
½ϻ˵꣬һŤͷĻаӰ
ع˴ȥ
СŮ߳ơҺүү
ֱСŮһܡϥ£֮ƽ
Сã˵ʲôʶҵ𣿡
СŮͷָָԼ죬ֵҡҡͷʾԼ˵
ʱСŮһϸ˹Ӵ˵˲͵͵ܣİô
СŮڼϵͷֶŰĶǣָƶͣǵİ̺ϣ
ϸԽԽˡ
СŮͳһͷˡ
СŮϸһѱߣ˵öˣлˣ׼ܣ㲻Ƕ𣿡
ͷŮĶ˼
һ֧ڵĸֱʣǰ͸ǵ
λһ֧
ë֣Ǵй⣬øֱ֣ǸǰĲ̭֧أǽĸ֣档˵ּ࣬ͬҲ֣͵ͬġǰϵסҲǰϵ캽Ա治ˣģˡ
ĳǷڶ֧ʵİҲӼźγû밲ϱ롣
ͷ߻˶¥¥ǽڹһƵë֡ġ
԰¡
֣ȥװѵġ
бСĺۼӻ۴Կûмв㡣
ȡϸ΢۲죬ϵĲע½֣ذ׸ҡ
Ȼ˾õ֧Ʊš
γǡӡˣûдˡ꾡ز˿üвϣ˿ֶС
βдϰ壬ܿţһڵĻᡣҲź޷׿ڸǸҲ޷ԳָˡԸүЭ˴˵ѹأҲö
Ѱֻ̤ײģϧҵؼ뾵ϰʬǱѰҵļˣҲظ֪ҵѶȫηǱ˰աxxл

Ŷ˼ҡûóȻȥύ֤ݣ縺ΣҪϢͬ
и¡γǰԤ֪Լ׶༪ˡ
磬
ͷϵôº󣬲ŽԼȥѲֵܾһһʮ˵
㣬ѲҵγˡͷҵѲ˴ʱ׷γ䣬һ
вԤС
ˡʬ˵ˮ㣬ֲѿڶ
γǸºݾ±ץסѱһݣɱ˺γԾ󻼣Ͼֻ˵ġһɻǱʿ׷ΪαѰϣ˭ָʹȫ޶֤ˡ
˵ݾѵֻһ˺ݾ
£ŭ꣬ҲѹȻ·ߣʲôüɵġ
㿴ںγҵġź֧ƱƵǰ
γġ顱ʹ
ԭε󣬶ǳ־桱ʼγѾڿˡ
㣬ƾһţ֮˵һ֮ʣǿ°첻˿
ɳϣ̹ˡԺ׵ϵ£Ϳˡ
һǴȥΰǿˡȰǲȰ
Ӣ̫ѭ浸׸ֻԽԽšǵң⡣㣬㲻ǹ¾սٸһʱ𣿡
Ҫپܶʱѱ/ը/𰸡ɱ/˰/ׯ֤ݶ֮ڣÿĶͽѹȹֳ֮Է
û˵벻УվγԸ쵽
šҲץסĸ첲㣬ӯ๼֡
ֻǳȥɢõҡ
Ŷ֣Ҳã㶼˳ˣóϸȥ
š

һߣε覱ӻεңεû׼š
Щ찲޷ĳĲ鷳εһ©صЦ϶İĵʳѰƫƫ绰á
ֱŰڹ˱/¼бʯԴγʬҲˮ桱εѰ󡰰
εļ£ͨƼҵĵ绰
㣬Բʵûа취ˣܲҸҳţҡҺܵľϰ壬ȥ
εСҲܼУΪĵǷĵģҲܹ顣
ڰ޷ĳڷ¹ʣƼյϢ໹֪
һʼûӦε覵󣺡ٹʱ䡣
ҾͿһۡε覴ſǻ㣬ˣ϶Ҳܵİɣʹһȥ𣿡
ˣʶ̧ͷ˿鷿ķֿ˿ɳ֯ëµĸס
ͻȻ̸Цаɣ磬ʺɹɹ̫
˵绰׼ҰĸѳԼεҵĶС㣬Сȥ԰˵ϱڣøĸ׷ġ
Ů¥Ʒ˸εҲȥ绰ε˿֤ʵŮĻҲû
ڿεңСԵε覣˼εϰ壬С̣ǳҪ
Сˡ覵ĸɽ㣬СڳƺϺһС̣ϵҲöСġ
εˡ
Сε˳š
ʻεңڸʻλε覲Żͷл׿ҿýҳš㣬ллԸҡ
Ǹװŵˣ಻̸۰ҵ¡
˽ϣñ³СһαȻ󿪳ʻλε˵濴СꡣڲȫҷԸ˦ǽȥ˰ҡ
ʵԷε覣Լȥҡûô˽ҲİҲȥҿ
õģ㡣εĻ³ϳ
СˣεҳͷˡʱŲںϣ˯
Ⱥһţ࿪·ˡ
ӿ쵽լԺ࿪żɽα෽ݺӦϣۣ˴ĻǵıֶΡε覣Ƿ㸸׵ֱʣ
ʣε覱һңҲ֪ڼңûлȨҲ͸¶κιϵ¸ҡ
˵ΪԲˣֻҪԸ˽ҵε崮ͨӢµ֤ݣǿ÷Ʋ
ҡ
ȻǱϾǸŮٲãҲѪŨˮ㿪ڣԸ͵û˵
֮ԡε覴ףǶ֪ҲǶİеʵ

ңڣڡ
С㣬ұСȥ¥˯Ժƾӭ˹ȥ
šƵͷ
㣬εС㣬ôˣӶ¥Ƶȫ벻ͬһʱ
أڼң̧ͷ¥Ͽ
ȥˡ
үȥ¥Ͽ𣿡ε覵
ͷ
ε¥ķſţϧϧϺ˯
߽ϧϧ̧ͷһͷε覵ģ๾
ϧϧҲڵɡε覱ĳë
ϣаϢ
¥䰲ԴǱһԱסôܵܵġ
㣬ҽʲôҿ͸˭ܹסεСڼȥһ
½Ͱȥȥĵط󣬸š
֪Ķȥȵȣһȥĸ״绰ƽ
Ŷ

ҹܻᡣ
ȵİɳϣϻһƯñˮʪ·
㣡˾ǹ˵ûˣȥɡ
ֻ̧һͷû뿪
εƹ߽ȥŷǸˣģ
мϤɵضε覵ţʼղȷ˭㣬ʶң
ε覣Ǻӧ
δͣε覽۵ϰ壿
˻ͷۻ𣿡
ҡߣһؼҡ
ȴǰε覣˫ץŰĸ첲ʵϰ壬ûңǷ񰲺ã
еġڳֻа֪˭
Ķΰǿ飬һҹ󣬱ûñ
ʱܾĺ⣬ΪԼＸ
/Ůˣ񡣿ңΰǿԼʲô˼Լֻڶ¶ˮԵеһβѡ
ɶңЩӶûΰǿϢˣⵣİΣſҹܻϰϰ֪ӰȡϢ
ƿĵ֣ȴִս˵ģԼ˻ᡣںδкιϵкӹ
εû尲˵ʲôֻеؿİŮҡ
΢ŭ
ҡ
ɥһķŵĮ飬˫ֻסε覵Ҷôˣ㻹ҡܺ𣿡
ģ

ε覣ϰ壬ˡ
ſڣȥ½ϰѳƢε覵֣Ҳû
˵Ϲľϰ塣
ģԼֻ¾ǹӪˡ
γ˿޷졣
ΥҲΪ
עҪ÷ǳֶβܳԸҹе
ϵĳҪϴγԩҪ꣬ҪᡣǰδеĳԺҪ
ŰƣӣѲɣε絶§ȥ
ϲǷǿơҪǲε覵ԼԼεмΪѣͳȥεˡ
һף˼ķű򿪡
ͷǵİΪҵӵˡ
һĻˡ
½Ҳˡ
ɲ½תͷѯұߵİ
δҹ˲࣬ǰ·Ҳ࣬ε覴˾ٷͬСɣȾʾˣͬʱ½˵Ͽȥ
εܾСϳҲӰ۾ֻרտϱĿСİ
һصң˵СҪ裬ڻˡ
ֻСͷС걦ԣȸϴ裬ٱСòã
ţǸȥϴɣϴģС걧ͯ޼ɵСˣ䣬ܸܲ˯
ࣺ
ε覣
ȿȣС꣬岻ʣˣᴫȾġ
εҲʱϰЩ̣ܷܿˡͷϵ˿ҲҪټһ£Ҫ븵ҽɣ
ࣺ

ҽ˭
࿴ŰͷϰŵɴֱţüЩ̣Դϵûúô𣿣Ҫ㣿ҪǸȾô죿
࣬ҲңһڶҵĴǰɣ
εֻ¥ϴǵ㣬ĸ㣬߳廦Ƶľϰ塣
Լĸ鶼᧿Σε覻︵ᡣ
¥ϵһ룬㣬Ƕûиҽĵ绰Ҫ鷳绰븵ҽһˡ
ǹ溼ҵĵ绰
תͷԕ˵ƣϵ̰ɣ绰֪ͨҽҡ
ǡֻ¡Ƽҵĵ绰Ǽǵõġ


38 
溻𼱻ǵظϵ, Ҳû˵˭ˡ
Ǹҽɣӭţûָ·溾ҽҩ˽ȥ
ɳ, С׵ϸϧϧ
һȥ, ŵʣﲻҿ
ûﲻ溣ҪĲҡץԼĸ첲, ܸо溵
Ǿͺ, Ǿͺá˿
ʲôá溵֣ƣҽȥ¥ϸϰ忴Դ
ҽ, 롣
Է, εɳϣ̫ѨѾơ
طε覵İ, ѻɾ·, Ҳϴˡ
ϰ壬εС㡣溽ȴк
ҽˡεǸҹ˻Һ㶼ŵù, ϰ˾Ͱˡ
ҽ߸ĸġԶֻҪҪҶ衣
εָڰĶһ£С, ϰҷǣҽҲ, ±ϲˡ
ˣ
˸, 䲻ԣҲ͵, ǣ˵ĶԡﻹпͷôˣҽЪһɡ½͸ҽȥҽԺϰࡣ
溳ε覵˵ͷʾлǾ߶ˡ
ղ
¥£εҴȥ绰˵С̸£ε覻ȥ
溴ð˲ע˵ε覣¥ˡ
ϣʮƷ롣
һϵΣ¼Ҳ˼Ҹеӡ
㡢ҽͲͰɡյķЩǿЩ˺ϲθڣ߲˹Ϲʲôٸ
СˡС꣬һ㲻
գûвϿζһ˵Сúֽи溣ҽҲɡ
䣬ұߣߺòѽ
ð溱ø죬С£÷ʢѽС˰ɣ쿴һ̰С
ǽ˫֣ùܸ溺Ůˣȥ㣬ԲԵ¡
ͷĳȽյķţѡ¥º㣬εС㣬Էˡ
һɫ쳣ε覿ųֻὫŹϣ¥ϰ˵ûθڣС˯һ˺ٳԵ㶫ɡ

ĹƺһѶ¥ͷ¥һͷʰˡ
С㡢ҽ¥¥пͷλסļ䶼ɡ
ƿûǸʸ˭סļţС˯ˣүֲӰֻԼѡˣֻǿСԷǼͷǰεСסֶλС⣬ǵ
¥̫ߣ鷳ҴСס¥һˡǼ䣬ǰҲס
أ
λãε覰ռˡ
Ҳ챻ռ˰ɡ
˵ζǼٵġԴӼʶεͬϻ˰ӵҲòκλӦʱˡ
ĸ߰ԽθεݵСѾͷԴס
ΪôİҲС
䣬ס¥ǸأС·ʵ
ʼ֣溰ݼһֱȫȫտСꡣСӴа˭Լþͻϲ˭
ش𣬸ٴȣС꣬ҪҪ̸㽲˯ǰѽ
ѽѽСֻųЦݣˣҪչ˸裬һ˯ͲܺСһ˯ˡøˣ̿ԸҺ˯
ࣺ
溣
һľȣ溱ЦС꣺̱¥
ҽɹڲң˯Сķ䡣
ԭֻϣС꽲£˯֪һ壬ͺ˯һһС
˯ǰҲûǿ˵˯СͻԼ
ׯ԰ʱĳݾ¶ӣҵԴĿӺعͷȵɴ۾Ҳ̼ͨ죬ɰ
ĸŮҴҴǣһСĶͷù溵ֱ
ǰһ㣬ǰһ㣬׵ˡ
һΣһξͺá
ĶͷᣬһƬë棬õһ˿ĺȴѾǧ㺧ˡ
󲢲࣬ε˵ֻнⲻ֮ڵܡһЩپһЩ

ε覾¥粽ڰߡ
֪ǾƾԵʣΪεߵԵʣһֱ˯賿
ҹʮ㣬Ŵͷƣſڴֵε覣ͷϧ
˶ָ뻽һȴɬ˵
·Ϭ㣬εҲͬһʱˣǲǿˣȥ㵹ˮ
ˮɤӣҲָһЩЦˡ⸱ӣ᲻еʧ
ᡣʲôӣҵĴӢۡε˵ţֱŰĶͷ̽¶ȡ
ǳ޷ĵ⵰
ֻҪ㣬͹ˡָⰴס꣬ε覸üģͷ̣óҩºô
ǰ溸󣬾Ϳҩ½ȥҽԺҩ
ǰһһظε覽ҩļڶҩˮ̷ɡ
ŰԹԳҩε覽Եһڡ
ȥõԵġΪ˷ˣˮһ¡
סҺ㡣
һһվεǰ̫ʵĴУ鲻Խز˲䡣
زţ˱˱õ͡
ε覶԰ķѲİҲȡڰңС
ڰϴ·˯Ĵ
/Űͷ롣
εվڴߣһһѵϵ·Ůˡ
ء
ʱ侲ֹһӾʢ硣
ε̬򷽵һ¶߷סĴң˵㰮ҡ
ƻεɵˣûгϣֻ㶵ε覺סԼ˫Сһ𣬰ʶͻָ
ƾε覣ڳݲУҽ˵Ⱦ˷纮ᴫȾġ
Ǿ͡ȾҺˡ
˯һҲָ߰˰ˡεʹˡ
еͶ˫ϣô/ϢĿյһ˵ţҰ㡣
ǣЩ޴ɬε覱ǵģӡ
˵Ŀռ䣬ͦ
ϼذܰѳ֣֮£Ӿ봥˫ع֮£׳ε覸С
ӵʱεҺ˰̣ǰ˰̣λôɺϡ
û/¾顣
̻뱾ܵĴ֪½С
εЦţ˫ۻϣӣѵҪ𣿡
ʿˮĶʾ˰ĽţңҲᣬ¡
ʲôҾ㣬Һ𣿻¡εôҪЮ㣿
ɵѾͷԼֱŪ㣬Ҳ嶯ڡ
ҰҺԼʲôҶ֣ϣΪҰ㡣ҶֻӸ㡣ģδҲġ
жεʵıףӵ¡
ں촽ǣ/ɨһſݣ˳˿׵Ĵš
õ󣬲ͬǣİͶռԵ̰ȡε覿еۡ
Ⱞȶǵʼȫ̻ġ
һС--й鰮һУҪһ顣
ε覵Ľѧ£ڴﵽӵˡڣǶҲж鰮
¹֦ͷӰ涣ҡҡλΡ
ڳƯѾõڽ¹Ѱٵһĸ塣
ĳȵ֧˫֣΢Ű/̬˵Ľģһһؿ̽
μסˣԶ˵ģŵˡ
ٲҲһǰΪ֣㰲Ҹ
εȴۣˮ䡣
ֹ̧ۣסļ米ѹԼҺð㡭
Ҳ㡣ǣ𣿡
εҡҡͷ
ЦĻһεʦζȴֹ˵úܣ㣬Ĳ𣿡
ε覱ϰǵýϻϸС顣
챨ԵҧڰͷֻΪޡ
áȢ㣬ҵӡͷûĻε覵档
ǹͬУ׷ѩӯѩǳǳط˴ɽֹ֮С
Сʱεĵõ㣬ϯ˯ȥ
ȦԼӵߡ

ڶ죬ٴۣεѾε˽ӻεҡ
ڴͷģ˵ĻҲġҰ㣬Ҳֻ㡣
ҲˣͷҲˡ
·ʱھ￴ԼļϱҧĺۼҸļ䡣
Ϊǡε֤ݣҲİ֤ݡ
С磬͸Ҳˡǻһε覡
緹¥ţûͷղգʹʹ
Ͻ·ס򣬿ŵûˡεǱû˵ʲôɣ
ſڣ˾ε˻˵ҰҲͣʱؼҳԷ⻰ֻҪɵӣö
ɮ濴棬εӦöʱڲ/ʱҲˣû˺ۡ
Ǹʱը/ֻҪڻһգͰϾһղð
СǶıĳ˴Ĵָ޵
ٸסһָۣҹһû˯ɣϿ㲣Ҳû㣬ͱŻεҡ
һʱһޣ˯ҲСʱҶ˵ˣǸù
ãҸã
ס
ྐྵȻʳ⣿ð
ѻش𣿻ǣ˵ʵ𰸻ҵģ
ͱ˵࣬㲻İֻ࣬ǸδСûʲôɱԡ
Ůˣһ֪ѣһ֪ˣΪʲôҪȽأ
ȥʱæѰҶε岻֤ݣ£ôѡô
Ļ˰ͷһ
ѹôеر⣬ôеԼҪ
ڵԼΪԸ׶İɡ
ʮֲֲòѹŭΪ֪ôΪá
࣬ѳڣҺԴ塣Ҳ㣬Ҳֻǲε覻ʲôһˣú·
˫ִļϣص࣬Ҫٰһ¡

ʱգѲѺʮ̨»͵˰Ϲ
æǰæ󣬽һ˴׵ο
󲮡嵱Ҳڣ˺ó⣬󲮶԰غ͵Ҳмӡ
Ϊ޷ĳĸ˿ҵڳڹ⣬˾ȥһ棬棬Ҳˡ
ô£Ҳڲִźǿˣֻþۺɢ
ʯĳİûᡣЩ˺һɣһġ
ܽϢ
һ»ٿȷˣʮ¶ʮԼ»Աѡٵ̻Աѡٵ
һǿȦĴʮѮ˫ϲŵϢ
˫ϲӺ
ȻǴӡ̻εҡ
ˣ֮£ֻýǰ׼õŷ˾һˣ˰
ؿһ۹ţڴӳ⣬ʽκȴ޼յĵ˸
ڶ԰ϳ˥Ӣȵضֻ˴Ͷʣһʱͷʢ
εİͷЩ
ҹȰŰн鷿
ܽմϢӢζԽ뻦̻г񡣶ңϴʻᱻ߳»ˡ֮ǰŬΪͣ粨Ҳȫ׷ˡ
㣬Ǹ̻ᣬͳˣǰ϶Ҳͦá̲ȥ⼵ӣ÷ַӸ˼ҽѽ
ֱӽ˺ˣأԺͱЩˣ壬¶ҡ
ͨЩӵĹ۲죬Űжһ
Խȥ˲ܡ
εԼõ10Ƹѵ֣ʱסΪΰأ
ѵֻΪ˸Ϊ̻Աա˫ϲ
ڰʲô⣬ң⣬/ۡ
һθԼŮѳʵǻ̲ͷľϰ壬ԼİŮ˶ס⼸ʮǰ׻ˡ
塭
㣬ִ̧֪˵ʲôҲ֪㵣ʲôҲϣεС㱻
л
ǽܸĵ׵ľģҲǹͬܡ
ǱߣһΣҪ˽һء
͸õˣǺѣοȨ֮ƣġȫŰҸˣðҸε覣ͳȫε覣εŮкιϵأ
ллȻ
ҹܻſڣӵ֪½϶ˡ
Ƕĵܵܣƭˡ
ǣͬ
㣬Ҫ˵ľллЦ˰ů10ƸǼҳ𡣡
˻һβҪĿɲǸ˭Ǯࡣ
޼ֹ֮10100Ըáۡ͡ķʽƸһֶ/衣
ÿ10򣬲ÿ10Ȼε̸԰ȥεýƸһٷ˵֣ȳຣһ㡣


39 
ӹܹ, 㻺һ½ϵ¾ϳƶ紦һθݵڡ
, ΰǿ¶ܾˡϻԩ·խ, ԰˶Էһǹ
ΰǿ䲻мѰҳ¶ĸӲ˰ɱ֤ݣΪ˲øĵڷ, Ҳͷ, ˵ֻѦʱ֪¶˵ĴڣɥĲ񵽶и¶֡
ٿǳĿİɱͨѲľ, иʬѸٻ, ʬ԰¾ﶼҲ֤ݡ
¶ɱۣһֻ¾, ԰һλá
ŵǸ¾һƴʤ, һʱûܹӨˡڸΰǿӲյһսУȳİƬ
һӨһǿ
Ƭıһ£ĳùݵſ, ɫƹ·ߵϵһ¡
ʱϽ͡үǰ, ˡôäĿľսֻⱲӶ˳ˡЦ
¶һ䡰////ӡ, ΰǿս, ֶΰǿµͻδֹͣ
ҵΣմû͸ĵ, ΰǿ˫Ŵɳķϣ̶԰˵
Ϊ˵м£ͬ档
Ҳ⡣ΰǿȣڸض
ΰǿɳãһ̸֧õǼҾ£л˰
ָռס̣˵л
ΰǿ첲Űɫ˴𣺡˵ɣðʲô£һֵ»мסֵܣ/ɱ/°/Ӷܸˡ
һ̣ɳϣ涼ǽĵң캦ҲУ
ţСΰǿЦˡɲŰĻȥ캦֮¡
Ҫһ˵Ӣϰ塪
⡭ΰǿԥ˼Űǲ֪˿Ǹͷ걬/ըףΪĸ
ɱɱˣ
ᡣԭ𣿡
ͼ̲ϣɱ˺γѽӹܰҵģΪϰ
˵滰ΰǿȷز¶ֻ˵һ滰ȫ滰ܲǣͲǣ
ţɳҵ˼ǣɱкַܶʽǲԼֵļʽΪ˵ΰǿò¶ĶԹӣô˵ɣҪ˲ֹһñӵĳ¶ҲҪǲ²⣬˳ҶиǹģҲǿ
ǵĶԹǵġΰǿзǱɵĳ𣬻źɵıȥ㱨𣿡
·ϣ½ϺͰ˵һЩ¾Ľʱ䣬Եȿж񱨣ԵȱȥɱΪε覣ʱ䡣
ΰǿµ޻˵
ǿүԸæҿֻΪʹƻܣʤ㣬ҲȥһЩ֮ǡ
˵ţͷҪߣǿүء
û˵ΰǿһס첲ˡ
ΪⰲգֻӦеð£ѾֵǵĴæǶ㱾ĴмΪⲻĻˡ
ⵥҸһǮֵ뿪ɣɽҿһʱỹɢ˻ڻжޣɲ˴¡գ绻طġ
ҪˣȥǼβߣǵöУľǹ
ҪҪؾͲ𣿡˦֣Ĵƣиĵģ˯һҹӡ𣿡
ģ񡭡ǲŵĹΰǿ¡
ǡ㡣

ǸĹ˯֮ûٽӹ˵⣬ֻάơվҴİΣҪнϴֵĴ㣬ǿ˼ҶһƬ
ǰ˵˺ݻҲͬƾΰǿģתҲǳ֮
˰㣬ýˡΰǿܵ
ִӲ輸һ̵֧ȼ¶Ұѿϳϳ֣ƺ󡣡
½硣
ˣҲкüУǹ֧ҩ㡣
ΰǿæǲðϳΪֵĻɶ½ϲ¶档
¶棬͵Ϳ
ΰǿûͷаɣ԰𶯣֪ͨ
á
ߺ󣬰һ䷿һĻа
̫˽ԼĽˡ
̽ˣ治֪ڿΰǿ԰ʵ
֪֪ӦûҺͰͬ뷨һǹ̫Ǹħˡ
֪󣬰Ͱͱ·֣Ϊ־͹ˡ
ɺγ԰̼̫ˡ
İ߼ˣȲҵΰǿ
ţסǻǸʲôʲôǵķãܣ¾԰һƴǿ˭õĹˡ
лǿүˡ
뿪ǰеض԰С˵Сؤ£ǿүϣҽԶ֪
ũʮ£ļڣʪҲʪ
ΰǿ½ȻؼңԼΧñӣȥ˺̼Ҹ
ûȥụֻ̂ڽֽǾվһСﵥعε覵СһΡ
ɫ칫ͷܲ
ȴ⣬ʱࡣΪ·һ߹
ʱͶѾѶԷװ˰ɡ
û˭Ȱ˭еģֻͨŮˣ鲻֪һ
ܵС׷׷ɻ˼䣬û磬ҲûͺԼʱ
߳СĿܣһưԼؼңΪ˻ɸںͷ½Ҳøꡣ
СӣԽԽá򷢡ˡ
شϽ֣ưһûӭкüг˹Ҵ˷ؾവ˿ڡ
ӴⲻǶľϰ𣿡Ϊһ껹ӵĴ󺺴ɲסһشŰһŮӵƵضΣţҪүĳүƶ·ȥ
Ťг塣
ǿ󺺸첲ӡа࣬һҲϳȺƦǺˡ
гˡ
˶£ֻ󺺲䣬Ҳ
ԭ·ϻһЩ̯Сˣʱܴ̣ӿٶȣԶǷ֮ء
ûе༥Ҳû֮
ֻ̩Ȼ̵ȼŴһںݳ𣿡
۾һЦϰ治Ѱˣ⵨ʶҰǻЩ֬ˮ۱ȵϵģ
ţи
ţһڿɵúúˣ˿ֵǣϰʲôζ
󺺵ȥ̣Ҫͷת죬ȼյͷݺݴڴֲڵֱϡ
һֱ쭵Ÿʲô֪ʲôζ/ģӰõǶ
¾԰æš໥ĥһԾΪ˶ڵİɣСͷĿˡ
ҪǰǼ˰Ƶߡ
аȵЦ
ǰЩԴΪأŶһ²һµ뷨СӲ׼Ӱ϶˻û㡣
⼸õ˵ĿθˣҲÿ԰йпơ
С㣡
гһͣڰ½Ͼ߾ˡݳ̣˳׼Ե󺺱̵˲䣬ͷɱų߳˹
ڻΪԵʣǹ/֧ûбֹǹ/֧ǼϡƷǮҲһܸ㵽Ķ
ǮƵϴĸ϶зõǹһСආǲʸӵǹġ
֮ʾ۲ˣûǹŸַʽؾĵϷơ
½϶壬ʮӾͰ˴վûˡ
һƬϰİ
볢̵ζ𣿡Ŵ󺺵ţһεȼһ֧̣һڣű׵Ĵ󺺡
򶷹Уñӵˡ˿ͷϾȵؽһ͸˿
󺺵۾Ϊʹ̣ŬۿǵŮĵˡϰС֪ˣСĹһСҲҸЦˡ
̻ңȥתϴ󣬸еԽԶʱʾԽСٶ࣬Ҳĵĵء
ǣǣСһѾϰĻ
½ϣؼҳԷˡ
ǣС㡣
̧ȿϳһǰһڰ͹ƽʯ·ϡ
ȻгԺӣһ³ǰһڣεڵزʡˣŵüＸæҡ
죬½ȥʹСȥҽԺ½ϸһŰȥ绰ү
½ϿͬѰȥҽԺ
ϵүڼ׼ʳĲף绰ٰѷ͵ҽԺ
ҽϰΪڳڴڸѹ״̬ۣ񾭸߶ȽʳɣѪǣµʡ
Ȼɱ˵Ƥˣû˼ҪʹӲ˽Ρ
ҽǽסԺ۲죬һĵͼԵͼ顣
С󣬰ûסԺ
ϲҽԺ
ƺ½ֲӣҲüʱӣҪǴˡ
㡣
үˣȰȰСɣƼ۾ˣҽôСסԺСôϣҪؼңҺ½û취ˡ
˼ҲεϢǡҲ˲ŲͣӴˡ
ѱͰøƣ˫ֲãشϣűҺ룬üͷ㣬ͱŻؼˣٲҽҾһ
˵ֹһԵ½Ϸ𣺡½ϣôҽģδˣ㻹벻ˣ
½ϵͷϴүöԣ½ʧְ½ܡ
ȥѻʿϡ
ǡ
ѵ겻˾ɫԻ㣬Ҫٳʲô£ҿɾֻǿˡ
ǣɲǵָ½ˡ
εƳһۣЬشϣ泤ˡ
̵úáԵϰζˣҲóϰǣҿɲٸ㶪ˡ
СԵɣǸҽĽصظġҽ˵㶼Ӫˣ΢ƶѪ֢״ưѷСϰںã˵һߡ
ֱӽӵݵֱܶƤļ/С˿ڣ̾˵Ķԣǳñ
ܵѵԼЦˣһвˣһ˵úù˾ǽܾ˭Ҳ˭
ţҲûٷҺסԺ
ڲȰ˯˲ųŶƺ½ϴ粽տһߣӢķɴ˴
һСʱƲŵõƣҲδԱڿʣ޼ܻ
ǰ˵ģ¾͸Ĵ񡪡֮֮

үĽȥҵ溡
ҽãүи֮룬ϣõİҼҴСҹסԺƶҪ顣ɡС㲻̫ϣүæڹҽƼҴ绰ԼС˽ӡҽԺм죬˳̽ҼҴС㡣ҲֻСĻôСȥˡ
Ҫֱ˵סԺˣƼҿ²ô׾
˼Ƭ̣Ӧá
ӦæһΪԼҲ࣬Ϊ֪Ͱ˺¡
غŮĽƷûͬҽԺ
;͵͵С֧жҽԺѴȥڽϵС̳ǹ䣬кܶʽСԸԼҲԸĵܻܵһЩȤСߡ
СĻתתСյʵǲҲҪ˵Ļѽ
ǰﲻæѽҽԺһֱĸ׸ţǻûȥ̽
ţС䡣СͷЦ˻ȥˡ
ƷһΪѵ߹ַվЦŶƷ˵Сļ黹кһƷ˷ģһӰС㣬ŶӵʱҪǳˣҲԴСȥҰ칫Ϣ
ҽԺΪİȫ֮أƷ˶Ծ˵ҽҲоη֮ģҲǸеκͿɿ֮ˡ
Ǿ鷳ҽˣС곳Ҫȥ棬ҴȥԺࡣһĿռôˣСҲҪˡ
˳֧ĸףҪʸ溰Ķͳˡ
㣬ȥһεңǿȥء


40 
ڰع֡ӼΪ, ӵδȫϴס
ûӦʵȸңȥεҸʲô
Ҳǰȥҵ, һ밲֮䣺ү, С㻳У˱
ҽԺ, ԾԼŬ, ҽԺͱ޳Īˡ
ǸôңԳЦ㣬ҡҾȥεסҽҲͬεҶС, ·ϸ˵, ץʱ䡣㣬, Ͱһΰɡ
뵽糿ŸմӱֽϿӢɴŻһ, ಻Ѱ˾ٺǼϵ
ǽڿϾĶŮ֮飬֧10Ƹʱȵǣ˵Ӣӱձ͸йأ
Ϊ˸¼࣬ͷ߰ɡ
С㡭ס, ƭģҪиʲô⣬θ
ҽ, лֱл, ᱣҵİΣ, ĸױȻٰһʱ, һᾡҽԺ
Ҳ帵ױ֤ҽģвзաʲô˳ģʿ䡣

ҽԺֱεҡ
ʳʣӢĳҹյĿȫǣǵĽ𣿡
ҡͷҺҽ޹أҲ޹ء
ãǻ⡣໹ģȻ˵㶼ͬȢεˣΪʲôȥεףҪȥ
Ҳҽ㰡Ц޺һϵĴŲʺƨҽ˵滰ҾһҸε覵Ļ£ԼҲ˼Ϊ¶ȥεҡΪҵ˳ճֻ̣ˡ
֪ͻȻҰæҪʵ
оǵĿ⣬Ҳǻˣðɺðˡ
Ͻ˵
ҽȻͬ˻£ûͬ10ȥƸҹζ࣬պù˾תˣҲˣѰ˼ΪǿεǸϼһԡ
Űɣ˵ϲˣ
˵°ɡá
ε覲ҲãԽڸʲô
ɶּ룺㣬ʵҲ˽ģϣʵǰҡҲεͯۡĲ⵹εҡ
εŰң¶ε뷨ǲıϡ᲻Ϊε覣ǾΪѡ
ҪЩʲô
Ƹ10Ҳ̫ˡҲòôǮѹһѹɡ
ãҲεƸּۻۣεֵáȻ಻Ƕ⣬ҲǱε覣㣬10ұ˽ǮԹ˾ûӰ졣ҶôˣԼɣ
ΪԼΪҲΪһˡ
ɡøѿˣƫͷ⣬ͷҪ㣬ԼţָС£Ѿܹⲻȥˡ
˽˽ֻȰࡣϾĸͰðԿࡣ
˵˽ģԼֺγû˽ģ
˽ǵȵε覼޸ɪε覾ͳΪ˰ʵĵãǣܸòˡǰ޼˰ɣ
ε観˰ҵٷˣŰӴϲʹǼƲջ˵ͻġ
ʱͰ֮ޡߡˡ
ʾ֤ͨ󣬰˴ͣ˳
Ӻİó׼õĻ飺㣬㵱ǵ֤ˡ
˵ֱͬһݵֱߡ
ӹŻϵĴƬհʵ֣
ͷεؿһ̫æˣһȥͰ˵ֺĴٲϡ
ͣ಻ǩ֣¸˽ӡ
ݻ˾ͺúöҲúôҵٳְô꣬ҲԼˡ
ǰǸԼˡ

εҡ֪ͰһͬʱεԸ˴򿪴ǰѳԺӡ
εȥŮСסûε観ѻ
ʱεѾ߰ڶ¥¶컨԰ĶСݣûٻ뿪䡣
ݺ󣬰ֱ˵⡣
εϰ壬վƻ˵10Ƹ񣬾ӭȢεСĻɻ
Ȼ
ڹⲻкϷӣкӡεϰţԲ鿴ûӢյ飬ΪεȻѾ֪
εɳϣָѩѡ밲ˣ˶û׿վš
һ֧Ʊ󣬲ųε߽һЩεϰ壬10֧ƱΪҰӭȢεСƸ񡣡
վԭؿڣεϰ弱ȱʽ˭ҵƸƸҵĸã˵ȥҵٷôȸſһ޷ݵС/ǿˡҵѶɹѹأаָ֣ʢָտɴٻͷǿǿ绢ԴЩӵܵþٰʱұЯҸĸǰϲ
תתεǰɵĿĴﵽˡ
ⲻǽǽ֡
ҷŻӢǸ֪ԼʲôĲǵˡ
֪ԼܴܲⳡӿıаȻ
ǲ۲۵ķӣϴﲻҴ©ˮˣҿܴ˳£û˻Ǯȥү10Ƹˡ
á
֧Ʊڲ輸ϣ£¹ٴδӹİóǷݻ飬ǾεϰжСǩݻɡ
չƽεǰҲźãͬʱҲεϰһǩ֡
Ҷҳұ߸дֺĴʵǿհף߽·ͽ·Ҳǿհף֤·һ˾еǩӡ£·һЩĴǩָӡһЩλþǸεŵˡ
ϻػûüƸ񣬶Ļͱҽ˺ˣƸҲˣֱǩ֤飬Ҳ
εûжԻϸɣǩ´ִ˽ӡڻϸ¡
֧Ʊվ¥ݷжСӭ͡
䣬ſ
ε覺һһС
㣬үղε覵θΪˡ
֣ºͣε㸸ͬ޸ǰˣǩݻ飬ǰҵˡ
ҵˡˡ
ε覿϶
̧ţε覾˼ַ̧סĸ첲ͷһۣε¥
ȥҷ˽ӡ
ǣС㡣
ε覷£վˡ
סԺˡ
סԺε覵ڽ˻𣿡
ϲأԼȥҲû͸¶Ϣֻ뿴ε覵ķӦ
ҡ
С㣬ӡ¡Ϊε覸еˣϲСүϲ
ҰɡȥŰɣСү˵˵
ǡ
ε覿Ż飬ۿʪ
һǿհ׵ģָĦ֣ӿүлл㡣
ǣĻ顣
Ĳû뵽Ȼγһ졣
һˣ˵ʲôллģѱʵݵǩְɣһٲϡ
εǩָº󣬰պû飺Ұķˡֻ²ǾٰĺʱҪίһˡ㡭վ͸һذңǵȹ㣿
ϡ
̧˿࣬԰˵үĺ񰮣ġգȥϰ塣Ȼүʱ䣬Һ͸׺úõ𡣡
죿
ε覵죬ͰУʽεҡѡĹڡ
СһڴӦǾ͵պĺϢˡ
׼ˣ绰һ˵ʱҺҽ㶼ڼңҲԻ㡣ҲŵԼ

õε׿Ϻε˰ĳ
һб£ǵҽԺͲȥˡȻҽ㣬ȱոյ£Լ׿ڸ˵
Ψһġˡ˰Ҫ֪ǮǴģƱػһꡱ
һһأһͷʱ䡣
ҽԺѽ磬εȥ溵İ칫ˡ
ڹλоҽ˷ˣҽʳõķ˲Ҹ˼Ǹ֣߶Ĵ󣬶ٳԵ㡣
ҽǸС쵼űŵϵĲͺУ溾ܾҲǣҲǡ
ҽεڰ칫ſںڷ𣿡
̧ͷˣת磬æҽʾǸ⣺˼ФΣԼĲˡ
˰칫ң溺һʱҽΧ
ҿüĿƣƷӦòȥŴ˵㡣ҽҲʮüˣǿǣ
溣
ε観Եҽⶼˣȥ緹ɣȥϰ塣
ǰѰĲŸ˵˵ġ
˻Ӧε覾תˡֻõչࡣ
ε뿪ʵĸ׺СлҽԺ
Сס첲Цֻ꣬ǿҵΣʮꡣ
ʮҲС
ǲУֻܴڵġ
Ҳܴ꣬ⲻص㡣溣شҵ⣬ص㡣
ŶƷ˴СˣС걦úܣҸ˵ҺĻûأٰܲѽСôǵģ
㼸ˣײɣû£Ͻ˵ص㡣
ҪС״˵ס

ˡСˮʱ򣬰ˮ·ˣѴؼһ·ˮû̵
ȡʱ䣬ߣȴס㲻ԷıġҴӦƷˣ粻о˲ܴȥԵиӪء

Ŷȥϰ壬ҲᵣġǾͻСʱ緹
·
һߣεҵڵvipʱ½ͦűߡһ򾯾ε覸չתǣͱֱֱضˡ
ŮˣǡϰŮ
ε߽δڣ½Ͼ͹εСԵȡ
÷ţ򰲾ʾС㣬εСˡ
û죬ӣƴ򿪷ţʳУεСɡ
εԵ΢Цͷһ뷿УƾͽŹϣ½ϵСԶһš
½ĬĬԶˡ
ưǽϷŵһսʳУ뿪ˡ
ƣЩ̫ˡ
꣬С㡣
ƣѾӸңҿŲݰɣɫô
ƣˮ
ƣ½϶Զһ㣬ҡҪεСڣнġ
ƣ㻹ǱҽԺˣؼҰҰǸ
뵽ոմСͻĻҺͼɫӡСôεҶСǸҲǴСҪ͸ε覵


41 
, 飬һƿΣҩ
ʱ䲻ŷ, ڴǰĵˡ
½ȥֽ, ½ȴһһ۵żë˵үҹ, 뿪벽, ҪලС㾲
û˹ˡ
ֱ˹ܵĸо˵еˬ
½εСʱ緹ûꡣżæʰ, ÷Լɸɾӭ
ʲôø

εһݾͱڻ, ûһͱס˴
ͬСʤ», ڶ԰ҹҹǿ˼, ε覷ҲػӦǡ
һŵεһ
£ˡ, §ƶһǽߡ
šε覷鲻Խ̧ȦסĲ, һػ
ãƽڲµı, ε覵Ĵ, Ƶʵ⼸ûң
룬, ÿÿҹ㡣˼ӣε覵Ѻ˸ͨ͸
˿벽ıЩ鷳𣿡
ûСεҡͷüĿߣȥεǶˣֻǲûпҡ
Ǿͺá
áε򴽣ڰ°Ϸҧһڣ׽㲻ãҵġϴμ棬ĵĸ˻ûȫԴͱˡԴ˻ûãֱˣҲˡ
ۿε覵ۿתסСˣⲻúõ𣿡
εϣҲŻ䡣
˱Լǿޣˣ°ٴȥ
۽ǵþҴӦ㣬ϧġ
Ӧҵģɲֹһ
ţֹһЦĴҴӦ£Ӧҵ£д˭˭С
ҪεҲûؾֻܾҪҵĴӢֻۣƽƽ
ߡ
һʷΪŵǡ
ֱ/ͷ÷ʹڰĺ
γѣ˲䵯
ǷУ/һЦ׿ɬȥ۾Ϊ
֣ڰʱ¶ҵԼĴ£ֽ⿪۵ۣ̿Լڳĵᣬİܹ
Ƿݻ黹֪ܰǷݻĴڣεԼѾǰˡ
ޡ
ۣҡε覹ƻĵƮ˰Ķ䡣
۵İڷ˼ԼΪ᲻̫/³/ˣۺ󣬱εôһãֺʹˣﻹǿԡ
ɽ·ѣļصһС߷ԸԵСɹ
ȴֽʵĿڸУΪϡеļƷɽ亣ζֻϧƷޣ᲻ýһ£ֻһһŵزߢƷ
źɹּͬһȪȴʽȪˮʣʪݵء
״ȹɽ޹ǵСӴһλһȪԳ
ҡ
ϺһƬɾͨ衣
ƾϴε̼䣬شУһŲ·˽Ϊ˺ϸĹߡ
¿ֹ󣬰εɵϣԼŪҵͷԹţȥˮһ¡
߼׵ϴ䣬ռ䲻󣬵޺ϴǷġ
ûȰˮ˳žֱˡ
С㣬С͸ҽˡ
ŵ½ϡͨ̽ķÿһϣ಻ͨÿ͡
εɫ/죬ֱڶͷϣٿڻڻҵš
ԵƬ̡ˮ侲Ӧ
ƽɵεȴܾСӣٿڻæ𣬾ؿţϵĺûаˡ
ԣűšȥ´裬סļ簲û½ϲ˽
ڰεǰĵġ
Ұ
š
εûоܾΪ˽գ֪ԼͰܷܶ޽ٵʱ̡
·ŰףһҪƽƽ
ġ

ſŵİٲ˱ָһͨЦӭǸ˵˲ٺû
ڲģֱлʿҸ溣˵Ʒڰ칫ҵ
ú
ε覸ſڣ㣬㱼Ҳãиҽտ;ϰ壬ҵĸθСҽҽΪ˻䣬
˵ſ溣ܸʶ㣬Ҳлл㣬ҽ
һ۸溣ε覵ʲôʱôˣż棬ſڱտڶĪϻׯ԰ʲô//
εһ㶣ЦҪ//ֶҽҲˡ
ĪеԴף԰ôϿ丵ҽ
ε˵ʲô֮ĸ첲Сǿ߰ɣȻƷ˵ˡ
ĿǶûҽԺʱ׼Щġ顱
Ŀ͸ʧתǣεĵһ䣺ء
εĨŨҵİˣƵúܣȥ¥»԰߰ɣ
á
ڻ԰½ϲԶظ档
պñ˵ʲô飬ܵһʱȥ
ʮӣС԰ƴӺ溰С㡣
פ㡣
ʵˣ
˫ֽȸɫĽҷϣˡ
ţˣȥҰɡ
ǡװ׹Ľңȥһһġ
֮͸С㣬һһֱûҵʻᡣ
ҴСݵλӦҲĶû뵽ŷţ֮ܵ
ǵôС㿴Һ󣬶޽ҵɫܾɣûиӵͼʽԼĻģ
شġʱһͽǾ䡰صСġҲ˵ˡ
Դ˲ħצ󣬰ҾΨһļңСΨһ
Լһ׸ңԼһж׸С㡣
ɡվ䵽˱
Сε覵ĸ龿һأΪʲôε覾Ϳأ
²װʲô˹ӣŽεǰƣ͸ģ
ǰεްң͸ͳȥġ֣ˡ
ε覻źģָ̧ŲС״ָСжϳǡһ׹ӣ
ѽҷģ򿪿
סҵķڴĴָʳָȥС׹ȡ
׹ӵĿӳʱε覵ڵľϲǹ⡣
Ϊλ
ȻǣϣܱҵԸ档
лл㡣ε覷⣬ģǰ
ɵѾͷΪ££죬·߳ϣԼϣһкöණ㣬ӻһһ
ƲէȻѳһ죬ȱڲβ룬ȴһ⡣
ε覾ͷк£ϵʥ⡣
˵ԸĻˣҲᱣ𣿡
Ҫж໵ҪʲôԸˡ
Ҳ֣ȥε覾֣ڹǰƽȡֻҪʮߣֻҪûкֻҪԸԴģͻ޲ر
ذεŤͷŰһ˺ˣԭĹµĻ𣿡
ᡣΪҲջ֣ḧε΢ӣûôýңĺЩһڡ
ҽܡˣҶܡ
ѣס
ε밲ϧ
ϷβϷ֮һǰ˳ĿĻǰֻܡ㡾ְءشεңȴһͶһϷ

ҽԺʵܣΪ˲ð½ǿߡšŸ溰æȥҽͨ׼Ժؼ
ëϢʳҪҩΡ
ðõ˰Ʊ֮󣬸溾˳顣
ӣ˸ǰص˼ҡ
ǰ֪ҪƵģϧϧſĳϼ£һ䶯˶

һϧϧվɾлһ߻ڿϲȥ
߹ȥţֲ˲ӣϧϧҲ𣿡
ء
Žûã²ִˡ
˵ǿǷݡϽġ²࣬ǻʵûûεİܼӡ档
һӶҵȫֺʳǵĸжٻ٣һǮûС
ү¥µȡ
ңʲôһˣˣ
嵲ǰ治¥½Ϸ½ϣ㲻ǰһһհҾ壬㲻ҡβ;ˣùÿ
ùҲӲ˵ļңڱ˼ҺҽС½ҵһӣվĶվĶ壬ҰҴ˵ط
һҾӷİϧϧ¥
ꡱҼСµľǹˡƣϧϧȥ䡣
½ϱ弸ǰϧϧҲתȥɳ
̴һȥʣǱ߶˵ϿˣǮˣȴ10ľ޶֧ƱȥεƸǽ˽˶Ǯ
ÿ³ᰴʱȥǶϸµķֺ죬ͷǮͷ֧Ʊ˾ȥһС
Ϊ»״Ҳ֪òôǮȴε塣
ҪײεǸͷ׿˵ǻñǽڹһƨɳǽ첻Ҹ˵ҾͲˡ
һֻǰһԺŵ½Ϻˡ
үʱȥεƸˣ
һ10Ƹ
Ʋ½Ųʵ壬ү˵ʲôʱ𣿡
绰˵СҪؼҺ󲻾ãүҲ˵绰ǸСȥûҸ˵˴СҪؼҳ˵ҲӦ·ϣ쵽ˡ
ȥү࿴ŵ㣬ôСôҽ˵ˣصþ
ĻͳĬ
ô£Ȼȥˡ
Ǻ⣬ԽԽеȲ˵10Ӻζͬ10ƸεΪģǿģ
Ӱõ10⳥ѵû˽ٸεйƸĽһЭ̻Լ֮ģ
Լʲô
ƣϲ衣Ը߽ƣУҶˣϲ˰ɡ
ǡ


42 
½Ͻʱ, ڶ͡һɳϵ壬һ趼ȼˡ
㡣غ
̧һۣԷ, ԼӴɡ
ûԷ, ҲûԷˡ
, ε10Ƹ, ˵ˬ
Уߵľ塣Сڴң嶼һ޳ɣſڱտ˾ҪǮ, ΣͷﲻæҲ, ȻʦֱȰڻ硣
ûʲô˵ġҵǮ, ôþô, ܲŰɣ
һе裬ŭȼգֱ˲Լ׳ӵղհѲˣɩˣǾû˹ܽ, Ŀǰɣ
ҲˣҵܵԼǮ˾޹ءŰŲùƸ˽, ½, Ϳ͡
Ȩ֮ǰ, ӶҲûˡ
⼸갲ƹ, ׬ǮŶ˺ɫ
үɡ
ŭ𣬳尲һ·߼Ұ֣ҲҰҫ
סڣҽ㣬ҰһգҿԲ壬ҲԶ᲻ɢŭ½һһѺ壬ؽ˹˴⡣
˻صƴүС鷿㡣
¥
鷿δӻɳϣվڴǰŴ̡
㡣
˵ɣǮôյġɱ
ѹƣ̿ˮ˵ġҪ㣬ԼšĻ
ˣ汻һٰɣ
֮ǰΪ֣Ϊ˰޷ĳɹѹأְŰ¾ֵܵļҾ죬㲻˽Ǯ㣬ΪҡΪҡΪô࣬ܲӲʲôΪɣ
ֻ㣬Ǯġ
ҰӡȾˡܶ˾Ǯֻܱĸ˽
ӡȾһ£ЩǰڴܣӡȾģ󣬳ǰԶ壬δȢޣӡȾųӣͺȥ
Ҹģ𣡡̣תû뵽졣
ĲǰȥεƸ10
޷ĳӡȾǰְһѪǰ˵ҪΪסġزסԼˣҲزסӡ
򰲾߽˵㣬֪ҲЧķ
һţƤֽļɻûݳͱžشһơ
СΨһһΡ
갲ָ̧Լһơ
㣬ʲôӱлعס֣ҾʹңôҶԹԡ˾Ȫ֮£ҵĴԼȥϡ
һңˡ
ʧصİסڶ˵ңҡ㣬ҹܻſڿεСӵʱҾ֪Լôˡ
£˵ȣûµĽ㣬ҿǴӹѧˣⲢĸ顣ˣҲ¾ĳȫεС㣬Ϊġ㣬˭һֻҪ㿪ģҾͿġ

ҲˣƸҲˣ¶ûתء
Цŵļ㣬ҺͰһ͸ף
ɻؿƽƽļûκαʼгһźɫʵĶȻ̽ġ顱֡
Ȼ١
Ϣ񻺻򿪡
ұëɷдε覵ԼԼд󲮡εΪ֤˵ǩӡ£ҲΪ֤ˡΪ˵ǩӡ¡
һ·ε覵ǩӡ¡
㣬Ͳһ˵ǩӡ£ε覵ĻȱˡҺԼˣպȥεҽƻƵ£Ҳˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣظ㣬뿪ɡ
뿪
뿪
ĵижҸмҲãͲ
뿪ԶţѰôصĵӶһˣԵô
޷ĳγԩûеõţĶҲûеõͽ䣬ЩѵҪһ
ԼߺеҲðܡ
㣬㻹ԥʲôأô͸ñӣĿڻܾί𣿡
㣬ˣǰҶصĺöɣ㲻ҪǳǰҵĹͣҲҰ㵲һغˮޣҵıе˿
лл㣬ҡһ롣

үûиһʱ䣬ڶ죬ֽͷžȫ
ذţһǣٶҰ10ȢεҶС㡣һǣȨ˰ҹεҶСεһŮ̶
滹ƬεڶϵƬԼεҹܻſӵǵƬ
һε覺Ͱáǵصӭ
εˮ֪ܣ/̬ײ࣬ĺᵶᰮӱա˱ĿΪоϷеġܺߡ
ү⡭ͷźöߣסˡ½ͷ߬Žյıֽ
Ԥа㣬ҹ͸ǼԤ룬ǽնţıֽһʱ佻ķÿҲһɾ֮⡣
ıֽҲ
󣬰ͽıֽ¥
ԷĴԺ˴峿ʵĿ
һҹշת࣬ȨףΪԼһΣ뿪
뿪ǰҪ밲ҶϾϵ밲ңٹ԰գðĸͰߡ
ҵԼͶƣŰ
ˡ
㣬𣿡
ɡļѵſߣүоİô硣ҳ緹ģ
Ȼܲƻ飬춼ˣǲȥġ
Ȱ˵ε뿪ߺؼлԸε壬֪ԷҲȦס
ε覶ƬΪ棬εҹܻſӵǱģƬϵղűⲻǡ⡱ǡı
ͽıֽ㿴ɡ
ڱֽϵţķӦȰҪ򶨵öࡣ
Ӣĳӱգΰǿɵİɣ
ǡ
Ҳзݣ
ҡû룬Ҳ֪顣ľô˵ϳĵ¶ׯϣͰ˫¡
Լΰǿƭˣǳںģأ
εͿµȦаʲôɫȲѳΪӵĿˣȫȻ֪ܺߣ
һǺߡ޹ġ
˱ֽƲ½ϣסꡱɢߣŲ󣬿̲ݻǰεҡ
ҪСҪʳˡ

ε⣬ͬҲкܶߣȰĸ࣬ۼ˲ٻˡˡ
ĳͣϣεεӴӴ˳ε覺Ϳ
ڶΧȥ
ʱε־סε覵Ķʲô
ۼ˱/裬Ҳ˲üߺΧˣȣһŽ˹ȥ³˲ֿεնѺ/ײ
ǰ˷ܲѣȫ׷תĿ꣬ӿ˹
ϰ壬εʲôĿأ
ϰ壬ܵܵ˭Ǹε˽Ǹˣ
ϰ壬ܵѾƸεСô˽𣿡
ϰ壬ôԺò׽ΪϲŮ𣿡
ϰ壬εһϲŮ𣿡
ϰ壬㵱ðε覶飬Ϊϲε覰ɣ
ϰ壬űûʲôҪҽ͵𣿡
ʣǵðŭա
ˣס죡ŭһ//ǹ߸߾𣬡ҹ

εҲ󺰵ҪҪǹ
硣
ǹֻҪһûˣͻѲ˶ץ
һĽȻﻨǮϢˡһ³ǡС
ε覶֪£ȻҲ֪򲻵ѣ
ʱͣˣ¾ǹ֣ߵεǰס󣺡ߡ
εһ첲ȴקסϰ壬ƸܵܣεСҪߣҲǸøү߰ɣ
Կ޶ãֻؿε˵ǡѾǩ˻飬ǰҵٷˣεʸɡߣǰ˵ЩҲ
ϰ塣
ε忪ˣҵȷүƸүȢһܸͼױóȻǰҼң˵ҪŮߣ˷׵оֹˡεĳԴԹͬ
ε覵Ƭһֱǿ˸͵ĵģֻ֪˵Ķʱ͵ص㡣
֧ƱԼγȥж֣10ٻ񣬿
ҹ󣬿ŭš
˵ҪðϽѣðڻҲ̧ͷ
ϰҲǻԶĴû뵽Ҷۡ
ε˵ţֺݺݵȥε覵ͷϲ̨СûۻϹ۰ȻܱһŮ˸Ūˣε㶪ˣ㻹Ÿʲô͸һͷײˡ
εӴŮҽлΪϳݽⳡͷϷ
϶˰
ε˵˶񶾣Ͳ¿ӶĿε˵֣׺ݵһۣҪԼȥǰҡ
ϰ壡һ޸ɫʵĺɫҰ׵ε覡

Ӧģεһһ֣ޱ˵뾵ϰء
ء
䣬εʵϰ壬˵ǰͷСŮ޸κһƸˣ׵Ķûү֪֮ĳºԸýȢӭţɴŻʱӡүˣԸȢˣǼҵ⣬Ƹǲ᷵ġ֮Ҿǰ޸ؤҲ˽
顣
ǰ˻飬ȴ鶼ҵó
ŮӺŮӵĻ飬ֻᱻơû˻ϿŮӵĻ¡
ãҹûǩ֡Ǿðӡ
ϵĿɿεϰ壬ؤǲҪ˰ɣүȢҰСò绨ȣ޸ؤδҲ̫ˣǹ˼뿪ţҲСǲǴ/ֻ֮ƸܾͲֵôǮˣ
εңѹյεϣƤʮ¡
εţͣ֡
εҧŴоǰ֮ɫŰһһٵ˵ϰ壬ˣ뿴޵ݵʲôزۿȥ𣿡
˵£ҡ
˵ڡ
оɱΣοɢ
εͻȻְ·ں԰ε˵ǲˣһоͽˣľϰ壬εϰ塣
ֻðߣһӾͶһΣգԼҲʹһ֡
Ҫˡ
ǹֵ궼û¹ˡ
Ǹľ͸ġôΪ˺أôԼ˺
Ȩ֮Ҳã곡ϷҲգֻԼ볡Ƕõġ
֪ˡ
תЦԼ˵һ͵ĵƬѣʲô˵ˡǺȶˣεСңܲұƵҵҹܻĹǿˡ˭ǰȨˣŮɵľϰ壬һŮôˣҹܻĹҶ׹Ҳ߽ϲˣʱװԣȥĹĳЩӶҪˣӣͼҵܵŵС
ҲǳصģΨ²ҵļ׳նԷϰ˵ǣټĻÿ춼вİźʱɣļҵĳӵգĹİү/ǰҴҵĿںţΪΪ񣬻ǱŹͷļ˵Ĺ
ͷһץסӣ쵰ʲô˼
Ҳֿñڱ֣ƤЦ˼ϰǵصصĻˣĲһɣ
ҶҶ֮ءֻǰѽìͷԼϡ
һ׵ĵܵܣһŮˣϰ˵ù𣿡սС²εʲôСɱŵˡ
һٵƺͶε覵Իﳹ׼ŭ̧־һȭȥ
һڻס밲һƬҡ
󲡳岻ǰ˴ָѵءţܿͱѹˡ
޺ŵε覱
С㣬ûлͷ·ˣúÿ˭ʤߡסε覵°ͣۿŰĲ״
ˣҪٴˡε覿޺ҪʲôҶӦ㣬㣬㡣
ңεߣôݣ㶼ģΪΪһŮˣң
ſſҲţȥε覣ȴҼлȭӡ
С㣡
㣡
Һøڰ濪׷İ½ڸϵ³Ҳˡս


43 
Ѱ±ץ, Ҫηġڶӵģظ궼пܡ
Ѳ˳/ǹΧסεҲʶ̬, ధ󿨶, Ӧذң˵Ǳڸд蹦, һ, Źǡ
ʱͬգԣĥֱɱָܴС
˫ĿѪε˫, ˽żľ, ȴġ
ģɵͷȴίȫǡǸͷβʧ, ʱ˿/ǹûС
ǹ, ½ϣͶ߲ˡ
ε覵˵ͷ½Ϸ˵صİȥûߵǰ, ͻ˹ȥ
˵ȭͷֻܴ򵹰壬زģԼܡ
ϸ, ֱҽȥׯ԰ȥҽԺӸҽ
, ܴ, ȥҽԺȻᱻҰҲҽԺ, ܴס
Լü޵ҪµҲðڼҷ쳣
ʵ֮ׯ԰ˡ

ڰԡļʱյǣߴţɹѲܾ־ֳǸöĳԵСϹڶׯǷ˾޶ծ
Ϊ˰ȥƵǮơ
ֳǸħǰͿŷҰǲĵܵܽ˲ٻˡεܱܵׯŹѺҪ߶Ҳֻȥɷæ
Сӵ£ܲܡ
ֳΣٹ˽˴Ӳϳĵ¶ׯԻΰǷ/ѽĶ/ͳͳ乫֮
ѾСӣ֪ر˳¡
ͬʱ˸ȥֽôƣ²ϳҶׯ컹мճӪҵ
ɴѾˣׯڻĸٳ¡
Уޡ
ڸִˡȡ绰󣬿ڸ·ڵׯҲǾֳСӱѺĶׯ
ǰһȻ켣Ⱥе¾ֵܾͿʼҳӣѲֵܾĶҲ֮ϵ
·ϾǺ/ϴϵ壬һﲢɾͰˡ
ƽﾯûͷĿ꣬ﱻץҲ̫ˡ
˼³ȥǡйסѲƵϣԼЩǮҴӰ·
Լݣ˵ֵϾͻ˺
ҵȣװ׵һСʱҲйֵ߾񣬵Ѳִܾߡ
ڻؾֵ;Уŷ硱ĳ¶˿/ǹңɱڣҲ˿һȡľԶ¶ֻôֳˡ
һټһڼǰѲܾ֣ǰͷ걬/ը֤Լγһȥʽˡ
գͻϰˣٺʾҪ󿨶ѪծѪ
ǵһǱ/ըߵļһǰ޷ĶĹˣһЩĻͨں͸Уѧ
ֳʱͺˣɽйֳ˵ɱɱ
ԭͷ˻˵ип˱ҽԺʹʧɫʼڤ˼ôֽ棬˳˳ᡱǻ
ºˣڼ
۵ѹȹֵѹСټи˽ľڼߺͼǰŵ˾ֻ᲻ΪֻعֳдԼĵ
޼ƿʩ//ϼᣬִС
ϳҽԺ죬ÿնԱֵ࿴أֹ߽룬ұӰ
ԼΪ⼮ֽǳ£ԿҲûšܡǣΪ˵绰ȴû֧Ԯ˭أ
̸й󣬿תƵѲļС
翴δ󣬿ʵгкȻҽרΪǹˡ
ˡ
ϳٴϽʾҪ󻪽쵼˳ֹҪֳ壬Ҫ񼫵Ŀִǹάҹ˾Ȩ
Ѿ˹־塱֤ҲƷԼ֤ʣҪֳʾ
ۼܵӱͳԻѲܾʧ͸ĳ¿
˿ȴҲǹ׳Լ
˻
ֱΪԹֵȨǾҪû֪ڻǲɺĴڡ
ϢһһƬȻ
˲ȴˣֹѲܾʧȫҲһʧ

ׯ԰ܵ˫ش󲿷ʱ䶼ڻ״̬ѵʱҲͨʳһЩ򶨰Чҩ
ƺ豻չʳӣҽ˵溣Щ򶨰ߵҩȻҲǰ溴ġ
ֻðܹ
εҺͰҵ£溴ӱֽ϶ˡڶ԰룬ٴδӦ˰Ĳ֮롣
ΪҲ˼
һҹ氲ƣЩӵõϢ֣ϰ޴󰭡ʵʳһЩȣ䵰ʺõĻȥ߰ɣɹɹ̫Ҳת
һǾ֫ʹҲǻģǱͿˣһоҲûСڴͷİ溽Լܡ
ΪĹȣҪҸղ˵𣬶⣬ȥߣġ
ҽ⡭治ǵʲô֢ҽ߸ĸģ㲻һҰɣ
ǡ
㷢ġ
溶ɵˣϰ岻˯˸˯ɵ˰ɣҩҩҲûⰡ
ң
ҽԷġ
ҲοС㣬Ӻأ˵ЩĻվԣԱǾȥԺɹ̫ׯ԰ķҶˣɺÿˡСҲ˵ˣܳжˣʹССĹ㡣
šǸ˻ǲˣ½𣿡
½ڵģ¥£ȻҪ͸ҽȥүӦû⼸գүÿ춼㣬ֻʱû׼ʱ
͸ҽˡлƣ½͸ҽؼң̫ˡ⣬ˣһ뷬Ѽɡ
ǣС㡣
ֻʣһˣƿӴ˴˫ȣ˯˵ء
䲻ϴκεһסǸǿ෿䣬ԼסǼ䡣
εסķҪĳҲڰҵķࡣ
˵ׯ԰СļңҲļҡ
ˣһϡʱǶҪˣϽֻҪУСΧѺ͸ѡ
Ҳû˵ֻʱʶε覣֪ԼһĹ
İĹͷϣˣҲӦС꣬Ҳһ
С㣬ˡƶڵݡ
ȥ̨ɣȥ̨¥̨Ҳϲĵط
Ʋúò;ߣĵΪһ磺С㣬ͷˣҪҪҰ
Ŀǰĳȸոչ磬ǳԷʱҺĳȡ
ţá
壬
Ϊ˲棬Ҳûľᣬؾָ췢ٽЯİɫ˿䵱ͷڷ󣬴˸ÿĺᡣ
¶һдԴ˼֡
ķѼܺóԣ˼ڣӾˡٺóԣֲΪһ롣
ƣ绰һңһߣðҡ֪εҵ
ǡӦתͼñ¥ˣС㣬үˡ
㣬ˡñӵݸơ
С߶ءպñӣүС˵˵ȥæ
ˣҲһɡˣһ⽰ɡҲ˵ģѹˡ
ߺ󣬰棬ǰ˲һʣʲôʱܳˣ
εڰҲΪһΣ峿磬ûš
ɾˣԵ嵭ζġû̫࣬¿Ӳ˲죬˯˺üգ桭ôˣ
ģû¡ȻԼҽĵ˭ȥεҵĵϳ˽¶ׯѲܾץˣ;л԰ĳ¶һǹȳӡֻǿֱˣ񻪽Ҳκβ
򵥽¼ȴֻδԼЩ¼зʲôá
ֳ˹ϵָѲܾǰ͸ɱݵ
ʹ޿ˡͲѶϣհǰ˺
Ǹټڷ棬ҲˣѴףҪг˵ģֹͰ
ʵǰͷ걬/ը⣬ĻסǿΪɱ¶˽ǣһ޹ˡѧʱżȻ׿ڳϵġ
ĸǳʦҲǳ/ը
ԭֽ๫֮ںÿܵƲãܴģԸο֮飬Ҳǵļ׾õο塣ԶеҪѣҲ⣬ðǵĳ¿װ׶
㣬֪ҹǿүΪɨϰԸǳֻ֮÷ǳֶˡ
û˵ǣõλδͿ¼дһƪ/Ես˷Ѳȫ׷䲻
죬ڱҲðŷտ˹ڹֵĶСѲֵĲΪԼమʿҪ󻪽紦󱨵Ȼɢˡ
ҡҵĲֻģ/֡
ʱһֱͷı飬ܿϵֱ֣ÿһ˵еķŭ
лᣬһԥһǹץס֣㣬һҪҽĶϿ壬һ軹кγ𡣡
ô˵
֯ѲΣϢ´˳˵ָ
Ҳ֪Լݱ¶ˣ֮ǰȫİΣ
ǵصű޿ɱܡһ֪Ǽɱĸףɱǲ뿪ġ
ȻѾݲˡ
ûհ֣˷䡣

գ˯һͶٶٲ£óԵҩҲʱá
Сûзһ䣬ĵĸŮͬһŴ˯һ
緹󣬰ñĸŮ뿪
裬Ҳȥϲסׯ԰ϲһסС걧ŰĲ֡
ԣ軹أҪܰܰĻϢáȸ壬ȥС䣬ׯ԰סЩӣסòã
ãǸһҪ˵ڰһ¡
СҪˣӦ裬ڼҲҪĻҪչ䣬ԺҲҪչ˵ܵŶ
ţҴӦ裬һչġ
ԡҲһ߰Žһ˵˵ܵãСҲǸС
˵ĶԻüͷ塣Ѱϣ㻰лҺܲ
ӱֽϿε覵ĹϵȻݺһ֪ԲѺ󣬰ҲǰôЩ죬Ҳˡ
ֱ
밮ʲô£εİˣԼԾΨһ֪Ѳ
࣬õѣҲ㡣
Ҫȥɱ
ŮΪĸ쾭壬ûֹּȻξͲҲҲ֪ҽԺ϶Ѳˣ˵Ǿÿֳɵնãô˻Щֵˡ
˵ЩҺγ֪࣬жѣҶɡǰȥðˡ
ûʲô⣬εأô죿
ܱԸҲȥۏֵĻˮѰ·ƫƫŽⲻ˵ޣһǹ/ײǾһ·
չ˺ҲᣬңʹĻ䣬ʼµ
Ļ棬Ϊ΢󿨶Ļ棬ʹĿ⣬һڴʹŰġ
ģֻʹࡣԼΪʹԴȪ
žһֱ˦ִ˰һ⡣
أҺС꣬Ͳܲôŵ˼һ𣬶Ȳһݳ𣿰ҸߣҪǲˣεⱲΪ޸С檣ǲǲУҶ
ۡ
ĶŻС꣬û͸賳ܣû䶯ִˣĻôϲĸ衣
أΪʲôܣС꺦¡
СĴһʱȥ壺С겻ޣֻǸ̸˷磬ǸˣСǸòã
һƿסСǰı˵
࣡
ܻҺСɡֻ밲ƽµػšֻҪţϲ˭ԡ
ӿһξ룬ҡ³Ƿҵʮ飬ǵûң


44 
ĸŮ, ʰҲ뿪ׯ԰
صңûϢװİһ, ǹ½һȥ˿˵ҽԺ
ͼѲڻְĹ, ҳ֡Ǳűľ£Ҳ޷, Ҳһ, ҲȥС꣬С
ȻȥһҽԺѲΧõˮ©
½߽һһӪҵС̣λ磬ҽԺǷʲôˣ
һСʱǰ, 淢˼ҵǹս, ˵ɱǸпˡϧͱת, Ǻ˵, ڰ
˵Щ˵·𣿡
ļ˵Уֱа࣬˵¾ˡҲû, ֪١
İϰĻ˲ɫҲ
һ·ܵһõ绰ͤǰ, 绰
壬ؼû
ûС
绰, ؼҵң
С, źϰһ˵ҪԴ򿪡
ϰ壿ϵ, ż϶йأ壬ھʹ򿪣ҡ
á
һλϳĲݵַĸٰ֡ǽҹͰڿдµ֡
½ݡ
ǽͣԶҵϰ壬ϰ䡣
ϰͿ¥¥ת䣬ַԸ˻ƴǴһųȥ
߽Զһӻ̣ƺϰڨ˼䣬˿ȷˣŰӺԺȥ
ȡľİ˵ϰ壬Ҫҵ˾档
½ϳ/ǹǰ棬ڸˮȿ½ϣֿİ㣬
ųΣպ½ǹС㣬ȥѷ硣
ڴϣŴӻ˯״̬תѣԻģڳݲҲһ㡱
˵𣿡ߵϣе
ǹȼʱΣաҽˡ°
ô˵ģ
һܻػʱ/ҡΪ׵ɽŵоԻߣӿҹ֮ʣչ԰֯Ľ/ɱжعΪҾ//Ѽشףʶɵж
˶¶֣ס֮ǰԼµ˰ݡȻڵݡ
Ҫ

¹˭֣δֻ֪Ҫڣһжпܡߵ·ΣأıԶ־ΪΪϹ٣ҶﻰǣҲ֧·ˣϣ׸һ׸ңֻ׸׸ԼȨҪӦңŬš
㣬ллһŬţҲǣһҪءͰǶϣԷź
ţ㡣
ţݿɿ/ǧ/½սӲվͽִﻦۿڣ롭
ˣһ˵ô࣬Ԥڻսѹ𣿡Ļɿ㣬ûнµܵܶ͵ĵ
㣬ˣñԼȥҹ塣һ͹ˡѿڣ󶯸ɸȴûסҪʹưոݡ㣬֪׵ˣضҲΪһĿꡣҲ˾ôҲ˾ϽȥôҶɢ˰ɣԽԽá
ɢˣ
Щ㱡ô˵ɢɢأ
Ŵߴ٣սǰٴļҵסս/СѾйɷݶת˴󲮣ҵӴԺҶ޹ˣ
ΪðǣҰϣԼΪֻۣô
Źұżҡ㲻̰֮ӲǾһ
ʱڰġϴԡ£Ѿ˴ֻаҵĹ˵ѪĶĽɫת䡣
ΨһˣڣҲڡ
ʲôģ
ȥ㣬ұ/ˣҲǣ׵վ㣬ðңǶúúûţ˽㣡ѵҪ塢衢ǶΪƷװ𣿡
ӻһ£·סİɣ㡣Щ˱ȨƳͷɱ˲գۡ
ˣܿͻ©סǴ/Ϣʱ䣬ɺйֺͿ񣬸е///֣սһٲ߾ˡ
Ȱһڶ߻ص
˺һЭˡװôõӵܣҲװˡúˣǱȥ١Ȱٺǣ㡣
ĿضŰݾܾҿģ뿪һߡ
˽ȥ֪Լҵܵɵ׷ɱڻؽΪʸ֮ġ
Ϊ㣬κ񻤵ܵȫ
Ԥô˵ȻӦȿȣ㿴Ҷ˳ˣ֯ʲôãֻܸŽˡ
֪֮áͷ£ŵлл㣬Ҳˡ
վǴ˻аոúȥδӣ
ȻԹ˲Ͼι˵˱ˣ
ʹ˶֪ҪˣǵļҺͼ˶ôӣȥη˭ܱ֤һ·˳磿
ֻ/Ϊ
һߣҿߣס֡
£ؼҰɣٸˡϰδ¶Ǵ԰ȫġ
Ҳᵢ㣬ˣʲôȥңûɱеͱ£·ϣһҲܼ֮¡
ɵԹԻؼҵĴС㲻ô
áᣬڰϣʵ̫/ƽʢ죬𣿡
ţеġḧ㷢ȵ죬ȥ԰ժӣϣҲлΪһƬ԰

ٴθ绰壬֪ͨλ岮ȥ˾ᡣ¹ذҵĴص
ʱȥ˹˾ʽϽһֵλý˴󲮡
λ岮гҵδͽƹˡٳĳȰ䣬Ҫսˣıս𲨼ӣǮѡȻҲԼᶨƺҵѰӻӯԸҺͰʹλˣڡ
˵꣬ͷҲص뿪˵شĵط
˷ǲľοʮꣿ
ֱ˳ű˱ۣỬ䡣
С㣬ǡؼ𣿡
šһбšҪǿ˼ʮİԼܲӦ½ҲӦ
½ϡ
ǣСкηԸ
Ҹ׼뿪أʲô㣿
СȥĶҾȥĶС㣬ģҵǴСģǰ·ΣգҶ޷˵ڴСǰ
½ϱĵĻ⣬ʡģ˳ɼҵȴһĶûɸҡ½ϣͲΪԼȥѰ£ǵҸ𣿡
һֱ˼ά½ȴͻȻϣ֮⣬˸ɲ
ͷС㣬ȿȥҡ
˵취ȥεСӳɻû˵Ļš顱ǹ죬
гڸǡСˣ
ӻûϳӦս·խ˼޹
½ϵļݳԱȺǳ˾̫࣬Խͨ˴Ľܿͽ˦һξ롣
ֻûϵ˵·ߡ
ɽϲϹľʯͣ˳½ϴһƹȥɽϾ˳࣬
һ죬ձڽϺĺں
ǹ⼸ſ
ϰ壬Ҳнա
άȡ
½˳ǿ̸׷ֳǿһǹȻǲء
ڸʻλĺϴ·̽ͷ/ĥʲôҪˣ

ǾǮˡ˿벻˭
ϰеɱˣץģ
˶ڣǹ
½ϱǰΧ£ֵشɽ޴ӡ
½ϣ£
·ïܵľ֣в䲻ɱ⣬ҲܹΣȡغܵʱ䡣
һۣ˫˫һԾɢܡ
׷ᡣ
ϰǹ鷢˺üСආʶֻʣһӵʱ⿪/ǹ
һǹһǹ
ССģ
½һˣӲ氲˽·һ
ǹȻըڶߡ
ĴҲ졣
ܿ췴ӦѸٳ/ɹķһǹ
½ϣŲһλã൱ϲ
С㣬ãš½Ͼ֣/ǹݸǣѪ˲ӿϪʡ
ԲԺ·ҲСˣҲû취ٱСˡãλס˴С㣬ûʧְˡС㣬½޺
˵գõر˫ۡ
һǹ½ϵĺ/ǻһֻץһһ׳֦մȾѪ
֦˽ֻΪ/Ϊ
½ϱѪ˿ڣбĿȫǵ֣췢ŭ
ɱ۵İƾ׿Խǹǿ־
зһ·ѡ
ѪͬѪ½ϣѵһһɽ·½ϣҴؼҡ

һ𣬽½˺Ժ
ƿŰﰲϵʮ˿ҩеƤΨһҵûǹ
С㣬޳ɡ½ʱ޵òѣΨţһƿҾΪС
½ϵѪܰһѪᣬᡣ
ʱ⴫ΰǿ
ΰǿŰŰֱ
ΰǿ
æ·ȥſţС㲻㣬λүԵȡ
ûΰǿ֪СǡѡҲò
·ڣɡ
ϺѪɫİԼϴСС˿ڣΰǿʹ·Ǹ飬
·ͰͿ˴򶷺ۼҲ˺˵ʬ塣
ȥҽԺҧ˹ȴ˿գͷ¶ң𣿡ڷ˼⣬᧿ΣմϹϵͻᱻɰӡ
Ҳߡΰǿǰץסļ򣬡һ߰ɡҲ˵ˣɽڲûա
½ˡ
½ϵѶΰǿİǼ̫𣬵ûС
½ӣǱڣ˾ʵʾĵܵܡ
½ˣӦûţӱʮ겻񻦺ľ̫ˣǱľʱ뿪ط񡭡
ΰǿûбֳӣץסĸ첲˵ȥҰߡ
ãȥҰǶһߡΰǿɵشӦ
֪ǣΰǿʱңǰϵ°ߣǿдߵġ
լһӶΣա
ѼֵǮĻûȥЩŶ涼װãְѼбչıý衢һһ
ѣ½ȥҲǣˡ塢裬ǮţҺͰТǶϵġƣвٱƭˡһ𣬴˺ıȥɡܽͽ磬뿪뿪ȥҲǸѡҸȫصĵطԼ
С㡣ݺᣬ㲻ᣬȴҲ֪²ò𣬡㡭үҲǧǧҪذ
ˡ
ӰӹܰҵĹеĵˡϰ壬ٵֻլۡǵĴС㡣
Ϊ˳ϣ˶ٿ࣬˶
ס֣ĳС㣬үǧҪס½ǻʱ䣬Ҫϧƾүѩ޺ָտɴʱСүһϹͷңǶ죬ΪСүּҹˣţžۡ
ƵϹˮС㣬Ҿ͵Ƹҷųˡ˵ĻҲ˵ģү鹣ֻҪ㲻ҶԸ
ļ磬һá
˶֪شƵǾ䡰áңңڡһ𣬺ܾܿʹˡ
ˣǶû˵ټټǼΪݳ޵顣
뿪ǰһˡҰϧϧЩֵǮĶȥƼң˵һƴСģպлٲҲΪչϧϧﲻΪһܰ˼ҡ
Ժڼʻλڸʻϧϧں棬ﻹһšͷһǶʮķӣǲᡣ
Сģһ͵
ף߰ɣٵˡ
Ŀͳʻ밲ңΰǿһ˴һӾͺá
߻լӣվڶ¥̨Ĳݵغͻ԰
Ƭزġ
ֻʲô³
ʽѷ̽żµۣйпܵв׹ǰδеԨ
˭Ĵ
ε壿
ЩȻɺޣȻԼѵһû
дҲ
ʰʱ򣬰ŷִͷĺӰ֪ʱˡ
ǰ
Ƿݻڡ
ȥǣѻ۵ŽڴŰְλ˺Ժ½ϵԱߣǰֵһʳֻܣˡ
Ȱΰǿһ֮ȥ¥ա
ϷһŰ
㣬ԭҲǶ𡣱ңȥεңǿү뿪ҵĺϢ㡣ֻǶúûţ֮ա


45 
ת˲, ʾפҵĵ죬ҲŹڰôнⰲլڻĸݵ, ɰɣ
ʶʱ, Ҵɱ/ǰ·Դ˴ǳ⡣
ǿȣϳĹ, ˡ
˵, ˵
ҽԺľֱץ͸񵱼ģϱ¾ﻵ˺¡
·Ҳø߶ͽն, ǻ׽, Ͳ°
ɽ·Ǹ
֪ǷŻɽʱεҾͲõηߡ
Ϊֹڵһ
һһ, αЦûͣߺ, ϵı뿨Ȼͬ
оЩ꣬Ӳţɲֹһ, ׵ֵĳһˡ
ľӹ԰ôߣʹĺΨͼ, Ҳһ˲Լͷ
ֵģôܱ˿ԳԿͷ, ǲϲԿ
ˡ
нкηԸ
ҵ𣿡
δ
һȺ, һ˵˶ץסȥѰҵȨ˺͹ɶͳͳҴ, ѰУΪĺṩʽ֧Ԯ
ǡ
УѲľԼǰȥˣӾˣ/ɲ۾

լռҽʧ٣ҵһϢΪ/ƹߡ
ȫڴ/𣬵пܲ
ֲ̿Ļӿ磬Ҳˮ·½·뻦
ε鷿
ε彫деַֽϣε˵տעڰϣһȥֻһϵʱ㻹ʧ
һϣ㹻ˡ
һ̫ãõľֻεϰԶţһϵʱҪҺεңǺεңӴ壬޹ϸεңҲεŮ
ʱֶ/ҲǸЩǮ䵱·ѣӾӰɣҵεڷһǧɢǮΪ֮
Ҳл㡣
߰ɡ
죬εǱŮε覵Ϊ˷绯ΪݣϾε覵ĸŮϵ
֮ǡε覱εɨسˡ

û˰ӰΰǿôӲʩ뿪
Ϊ˶žΰǿδߣһ˺ݻΰǿǸʹУ㲻ѡܴ뿪ܻ
ߣΰǿȻߡΰǿߣ¾ЩĹĵҲߡ
죬ΪˣѾûˡ
ľһ̶ˮ
ʿںδǻεǷ񰲺ãҲʰ˥ÿֻʡҵ
̫ˡ
°Ҳ½׵ؾǰ档
ΰǿɳȥ̽ϢСֵܣðŷնԹܱϳ磬һ
ûһݱֽǿү㿴
ֽͷǵģε覱εŵš
ΰǿһĭűֽɳϣӦˡŮˣѣ꣬жĥɱ¿˸Ůϵ
ͬһľżɳϣնҲ֪ûȥĻ
ΰǿụ̆ﻹ˾໰ץŰӽץűֽյǰε覣ӦõŮˣ㲻һۣԽͷ֮𣿡
氲еֵúõӢΪһˮŮ˸ˣ˷ס׳ı/̬һӶϴ
벻ͨôεңΪʲôƫƫ͸εҵŮˣԼܵȢŮˡ
ͷƿΰǿǰ˲ðˣ֮У
ΰǿ˼ؿҿֱڤ粻飡һʼӽٽӽ㣬ͶǴĿԵġ㺦ôң㾹Ȼؾǰ㣿
Ҿáûлɹε覶ģƬϳ֮ǰε覰Ըء
ӻǲǣ
ҺѡΰǿðҴε覵١
ǰŬԼȥε覣εôһİȫϵġ
ˣˣͷȡˣ㶼ʱӦòпȥɧε覡
εȴʱ֮ذε覸ϳ˼ţǲŰ·ϱ
ûεҵıӻһСŮ棿
һϲĴ˶ϣһпܹ磬һһץȥǺ롣
ΰǿҪࡣ
ΰǿ˽İǸǳִֵˣԼ϶¡϶ˣǱԷ׿ڲ嵶ģǱʹ£ġ
ܶŮˣҲܶŮ˷곡ϷΨһǨ͹ŮˣΪ޿ȡ
԰ĿǻӦһΡ
лл
лϴϴһžͷҵԼˡ
Ⱳӣǽ밲Һ󣬾ͻûôǱʵ
չǮһݡ
ǮʲôٶǮҲ򲻻½ϵ

հҵˡǿүϰ壬εڣٻ̳˫ԡ
֮á˫ԡʣڱ߰ε覵ӿŲǲԸ
ɫһݣǹңҳȥһˡ
ʲôΰǿǹǲ嶯ɵ¡
ʲô㲻֪𣿡Ŀ׺ݣΰǿҺܸм¾ֵΪ¡죬ȥ˶ϰɡ
ˣ
ΰǿȻϿйƣռ˰ϲҵĺڶɼжǿ˲񣬸Ҵҡڳ̳˶ӵĵطضб
бΣȥ޻Σ˻һΰǿҶ㹻Ҳ̹ˣ½ˣɢˣҲˣÿһ춼Ǽ尾ûҾǱ/̬Ҿǵ°ܻҾϲεôˣǸ͸Ķ˿§ŮҡУôסҲô룬ҵŮˣһǱвˣȻᡭɱ˲գ۵Ķħһ𡣡
ΰǿڰǰֻ£ûôʧ̬İ
ΪѵؿΰǿͷŰԼϵǰ/ǹ˳ȥϰ壬
Ҳûǹ/ܸȻš
ذǹ󣬱߰ͷ˵Լ£ҡ
ͷģӺӧı߽һ÷ľţһ뿪ʱϡһţࡣ

ٻ̳ž¥ùݣ֣Է/
ϳԷʱ򣬿ε覺˺ܶƣεҲ߲ܣȫյȫա
ΪֻžƾܽҪ¡ΨһΪˡ
˰֣Լ
ߣڡ;⴩űװĻˣԱģϢ
ԣ´ϲߵ棬סε覵˵С㣬ˣøҪ˰ɣ
εװһЦ޷ģͶ·֮ʣȫǰңҪʲôֻҪС
ҪģһֱСε覵޽ǣȻҪһ㡣
𣬱εθĶģܻӭǻطط𣿡
ãطط
§ùݶ¥䣬⡣
ڣɫͰ
ݺ˵ƣִ򿪴̽ͷ濴˿
ؽأһƿķ϶·ƵĹ͸߻ű߽ĶƸˡ
ͷһյƵ̨ƻš
ε覽źֱߵǽ濿֧壬¼ˡ
ҧģԼ侲
ľϣָŵظڵۣ̿ԼڲǼǴ͹ϲŵľ
͸šǶûδˣİСΪ˰δ
ҲΨһʽˡ

ɫްε覣Ц´£Ȳ󣬱ǣϲõ˿ڡ
¶һǹȳʮ죬¿һǹȥŹתһȦ
Щһһʵͬ˰ҽͷϡ
Ȫ·խͬһһع
ε覻ڳ񣬻ڸԼｨ裬ıһѱסļ˿ǽϣȾ˰ɣ
ε覾һ˫ֳڿš
ꡣС㣬Ͷͱܵȷһûдʲôɣ
ţŻûйء
ùأҵıڶԾǲ͵ġСҪʵںߣȻɾ͵ýеСһˡ
ε覵޳±¶ҵһīɫС黨ͼۡεݣһκͰڽϼʱǼ
֣ۣε覵ա¡
С·˼ҽܣ𣿡
ε覽ҧ촽裺δ
ˡ
ԭѰ/ǹ׼ƴһȴεǾ䡰δ󣬷ҡ
ûУǾܲΪɫ˵ǰңЦôҲεߣǽҹ񲻾Ķҹˣ
εԽΪˣ§סĲѾǹȥʽˣǲ̸ȥ̸̸ںͽô
ϧô˶ҽ޸ܡͷε覲һڡ
С㲻˳ϷҲݵĺáһʯ񣬳ɹƭȡҽ׳յκ͸顣ò˵Һεϰƻؼһ
Ҳ°Ǹ϶벻ĿǰԺӧݸԵٵԱͬϧһһȫǵƿ¡
Ҳû뵽㹴һŮ˶˳һһͬʱԵýߵ˾˲ϣԵõܵɢҲֻΪȢ㣬Һεϰлɳˡϸ̵ͦء
ͻȻ䣬һǹ죬ͷϵ̨Ʊ顣
ǹ
ɿλãǡ
ڳ˽Ŵ⿪ǹſڼǿ䱸
ε覾δѸոհķ²ط٣ɪͶ뿨Ļ
컨ϵĴѾڴˡ
õģεøˡһʹȥˣһͱˡ
˱ڣ׷ˣ죬úóűʹζȥѲ˺úѲ߰أٻҸСĴ֮ҹ

ֱʱε覲ඥʹȫƿ֪ڴ⣿
Ƶóѣȥε覵°ͣ㲻ϲ˰ɣһŮˣôܸ֣
ε覰ͷǿᣬǳһĨζ΢Цǰȷʵҿ֡ǿҿֶãȢôһӸٻô
ÿ㡭ڴϵıˡ


46 
ǹѵİ, ҡԼĶ䣬ŵǣε覶ʼվϷ
ÿû׷, һȥ, ˡΰǿȰ˵
Ǹǰ£Ǹǵ¡
ת̧ͷһ۶¥Ĵ, ȸղŸˡͷԼַ, ֻ֣մϹε観/ҹѪֻ֣εΪһ塭
ȫǼٵ

, ȫ
Ǽ, ֪Ǽ٣ҵЦǼ, ǰĺǼ, ϸǼ٣/ҲǼ١
ˡ
˵Լüֵò壬ұ㡰ɫˡĵһĿɣ
Ҷ§§Ҷͼı, Ҷɫ⣬زס֮һʼ, Һϲ㡣
ε⣬Լ˵ĻԺȻ֡
Ҳϲ㡣ҲҪҵĽ, , ҵӢۺòã
ÿμ㣬ÿ, ҵľͺҡ
ʱ룬䵽ʲô˲Ͼϰƺʲô˲䱻ϰŽװһҳΪ
ɱЩݺ㣬صĻˣǶɱ𣿻ɣ
ˣҪĴˣǲŮٵġ
׿˵ģĴӢҲǼ
ȴɵɵ档
֪㲻Ƕˡ
˵Ŀˡ
ң۾ϹˣҲϹˡ
ܹݡ
֮ⲻڰҡ
ǽҺͰŪڹƣǴȫʤ
ŮˣֻΪޡ
ذһ˺ˣԭĹµĻ
ƭӡ
ȫǻѻ
յĴǡԭ¡ʱյĴǡԭ¡
ץǰ·ֻͬһֻڿʳǧٿʹԸӡ
ſ/ǹǷйǿţ
ԼҪģһҪҲҪĿ
ΰǿȰ裬ͺһ䡰ߡùȥ
ŰıӰΰǿ̾Ϣ漴һڣͼܹݵĵҲӰ
ε覾ȳҪģǱþϰԼԼûУ
ǡ
ѡѽ֮⡣
סݴŽ룬ΰǿֱ֣ӿڷұϣһŪ¥µıڡ
¥ǿԼѡģΪľǸԱ͵
ε覱˵ڿĴϣ۵Ŧۿǰһֻ§ſļ磬һֻͷ
Ͷͱ˱ľġ
ɫίǱѰʱ֣ԱȫԼ
ɫǱͬھֻǰġ
ٴǹ˿Ķ
ε鼱֮´򿨶ĲӣȴӦĿƫͷ㿪ľƫֻļ硣
һƴεְ/ӾҪ̻
飡
ǧһ֮ʣǹ
εѰȥһǹſڴǰİġ
Ÿлʤ㲻Сڰǹù⣬Ҳ¥ǹ
ΰǿһǰһ󷭴ڽݿǹǹȡ
սУסε覵֣ҡ
εȴȥڵϵӣƳһۣӽ˵Ļȥ
ıڱڵС
ΰǿѰĿɡ
ݾڿϿһǹȻϸһǹǹҸĸĳ𣬻½ϸγԼЩ޹ߵĳ𣬽һ˽ᡣ
ΰǿߴٵҪɱɱϻˣٲ߾߲ˣ
/קεǰץӵ֣㣬㣬𣿡
εɵˡ
ѪĽʬ壬Ѫģ˿ڣһĻĻ־塣
˫ʶһ
Ȼ˿˼ĸܣӴ̽Ĳӣָ
ӣ˿ĲϣѪĿ

ĹУ¾ֵˡΰǿͰ·ָһڻε覣ߡ
˺˱׷ˣǻҪȥƴͷ˵ӾУԽˡ
ŵףΪʲô¥¥ôˡðˡ
ε覴ŽۣŸ߸Ьжû취ܡ
ͰЬˡ
ε覺ԥ
κζԷǿ׳ǹ/Ҳ㣬׷ð;ĩ·
ԼΪۣεѿˡңǵŸ󡭡
ε죡ݺݵŭ𣬡Ϊ˰Ҿ㣬Ѿ˼֣ҪĿ𣿡
ϰ塣µӵиǰ治Զϳˣǰָ·㻹ǵðɣϳ·졣
Ȱ˼Ļʲô˼ͼ·ͳһ/ס
ϰ壬ǿүĺû˵ǶĿáٳٲԸ뿪ҲΪڡҴ仰ǿүɣ±ԵҰֵܡ
˵꣬š˳ȥ
ҧҧõ±ӡⱲӦˡ
ľˣҪԼȥǶϺ
չ˺ǿүñҲûʲôźˡ
ͷǵϡ
һսľҹڱ/ըйڰöĲģˡ
εһ𿴵ǳ磬ע硣
קε˺ܾãֱǹͣ˽Ų
ȫǺɿε覱죬ѩ׵ļ¶ڿУҲܿö
Ƥ¸ϡ
ε·ãڵĿӱֻܽƤˡ
ŵĽţѪ߰ߡ
ûкһʹҲû˵һ䰲οĻ
ٲ
Ъ˿ε覣
ε覲ۣҿߡأûˣ
ͷصε覣ûϻʲôŤŤ˷ʱ䡣·Ѫ̳ģ
εõᣬʵʵϰļ磬𣿡
첽ҵķǰУǣֻˡ

ҺСխܰűʬ塣ҶӵĻˮζε覼Ż¡
סˡ
ſڣứ
İǺŹˡ
İôˣôסյĵİǺεȽ󰡣
ͷĮؿһۡ
ε̱ڵأ˫סƴ˵ţԲ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
Ǹкã
ǸûмֵĶ
֪˵˶ٱ飬ʼնû
ǿүһСָ˹/³ذεݣӸ˭뺦Ƕֵܣ
֮һǧݺݵѹε覵ϡ
Ĳֹ
Ĳ¾ĵ֣
ȥˣˡ
Ĵۣǰ뿴ġ
ɥĵͷͼȥǼɥĵֵɳ˰ǵֶǲá
ΰǿԱߣ˵ʱ˳¶һֵܣ֡
ǹͬĵ˺¾԰սȺȥɱҲ;ͬ飬һսѡ
¶˵Щı£ġ
µĵ˺ͳˡ
ȥҩ
ھεΪΰǿ˿ڣضڽε˵֣
εһΪİ۲ۣᱧ˵£ȥˣڡ
ɰֻǽҩӸһ仰û˵ת߽һӡ
˷š
ΰǿĮһۣҲ˰Ǽӡ
Ӻΰǿӷűߵ¶Ｘ䣬˾ͳȥˡ
ɹСϴ䡣
֮ռһСģΰǿͰסһ䣬һĸס
һЩߣֲڸϳĸ
һСʱСʱСʱεҵڵţľһ
ͻȻˣһƬ
䡣
ʹ
εǰδеĿ־ϢС
һִֻļϣµûһ¡Ϥ˵ҡ
ڱԵ̫̫ãľꡣ
ڰУε˽ĻɱҶãҪҡ
ɰ޶ԡ
ģҲľ
Ĭε覽ڴߣǰˮƿˮúϵˣ©ҩ
εƬ̵Ļ㱣УͰص˳
Ϊһҹ٣ĥָҲ㣬Ϊ˻ˣΪҩ
ֻĺӧöá᲻в֣ͬ
ˮűӵݵε覸ǰ
лл
һڣε覾ͲˮζԾ˶٣ȴʡ
αأ
ģǶ/ҩҲҪꡣ
ˣ/εȴûȥ
ֱ˵
ϣεʹ޳
Ѿܶܶ꣬Դʡûôؿ޹ˡ
ޣųų
죬ĺޡ
εתﰲᣬסĴƿһҲֹ
˵ε覣㲻䡣
ſҧжĲϣ·þ
Ȼۣε覲ɫˡ᲻ö˽ţڰҲǺõġ
ǰŮˣڰĴϡ
˿ԽԽѪҺԽԽ࣬ѪζԽԽأεŵϢ
˿ڣת˺ε·Ѫǿϡ
εԾɽסްԼйԹޣݣݺŰԼĿڡ
ãͣˣε覣ʿ￴һûġ
εֹ
һڣ
ĲӣһһսסҾģûҵ㲻׼Ѱ𣿡
á
һҹûεҪһ͡ʵڲ뿴ٿĪӡ
׷ԴǰֵʼΪҵһֵԼǾĲõ塣
ӧҲãεҲգǸ۲۵ĻŮˡ
ⳡٳУԼһ㶼޹Ҳֵñԭ¡
ֻԼΪԻͷ

ȷˡ
׵ҹε覵Ŀڣϣսյֽһ
ͷԸͺӧûʶûпʼͲн
εСǣűĸıǰԼЩС˯ҹ
زȥˡ
·е䣬ůεڱĽ֯Уӵҹĵÿһḧ
Ӧãˡ
˵ҪҵġٳҺ

ȷε˯󣬰´ӹ﷭Լʣĸɾϡ
˾ϺͰѰ//ҩˮε覺ȥ
·εڴá
ֱ賿ΰǿţҪˡ
ţźˣ
š
лл
ε߳ңưͣڽֱߡ
һ۵Ů˴мϰ壬½ɡǿүˣǰȫط뿪һֶིġ
߹ȥģлл
ϰж졭ҲҵĽãҶС
ϻưε覰ߣϡ
Ħε覵·ڴͳŻ飬˺ü󣬾Ȼض˺飺Ұֽ
áϰౣءĽӹԽΰǿǿүڡ
ΰǿû˵ֻ̧̣˸ߵĶ
ǰĻưŵĶ¾ֵܣưС峿Ҳûô˶Ŀ
ȼưʻֵΰǿ̸֧ô㣿˰ҵ˵Ҫȥ̰ܸ¡
֪ȥĶ

ΰǿĳĬǵðԳվֻǸ˵Ůˡΰǿٹˣ߰ɡ
СǸģҲǺġǴûƲ˼
ΰǿ˻ǲǣҺͰȥδӶ£㱣סԼˡ
еǰ/ѵͷֻԼôУΰǿδϣ˶Թòˣ⻦ҲûʲôֵˡҪҰҲû·ӡˣҹ۵ĹǺҺգǾͶϡ
һаϢĿתضΰǿ۾ֱ˵Ǽ١
ΰǿεЦһ㣬Ҳƭ㡣
ƿߡ
ʧһ˵ΰǿܹˣ˭ţ
ϣ
ˣ˵Ϊ׵ڼӿͦ
Ϊס֯һҲǱȥ֧Ԯ뻦Ȼ޷˵سԮ
ǡʵǵʬںδ
ΰǿɫһ˴

εٴۣǵڶ硣ڵڣΪð¡ҡ
ҪˡҲİˡ


47 
ļ, սҺΪûҲһϦ֮仯Ϊ˻ҽ
ͬҹ˯ǰ, õĽ, ǻԼСҡ
Ǹȡһ֡ӡ
ʱա
ûҲûҡ
Ϊң

ȥҹܻӻذ, ҼڷԼΪ֪, ֽǰסġ
һ࣬սס
ҪεͿıƱǰĴӢۺúõز/´档
ôñɵðԵᡭ
һ˿жأҺ, ˰һ档
˾, ̡
һٶ, Ҫҵס
, Ȳˡ
İۣ˯ú졣Ҳۣ᲻˯
Ϊ˯ˡ
һҹ/飬ڰ֮ǰ, ҸεҴ˵绰˾ҡ
£¿˫, ػҡӵ, ҲǡԼ, һ
û취Լ£Ҹһ
Ұ, Ҳֻ㡣
ŰҵҰ￨ĿģðͰѣðߣɨء
ȴûε彻ҵġʹΪٷˣץסģ䰲ͰĹϵ
εҪģһֱǰҵļҲơͬԸŮӧݽӽҲֻΪպȡͬ飬Ҽ޽ҴŸЩ
԰Ķ飬֮⡣
ɿȴ⡱ƻ˵˰
֪ˡ
ǵñֽǳҺͰյ죬ҡҵޱȼᶨ˵ߡ
һ̵ңġ
Ҷôһ֮˼ģƮҡֻҪá
֪ǣƬʵҲǿµȦ֮һ
ԣߣ
踺ôЩ꣬ɹһ񡣾Ұɡʱң֮ܶĸһЩ롣
ǰͬģں̺εĳģǸҲġ
ֻǣǸӲҡȥεҵĵڶ͡ʡˡ
ϳңٻĹˣƭǷһǮ׷ծ˴ˣ
ӵѺˣɻǲծЩץҺõծĸƴӣͶ·֮£ǽε¹
ǵģε忴ҡ
ǻծҶε覵ݽεķԸ
ĸŵһҰҹܣαװɷޣŵܵһ
ǸӱӻؼҺʹδˣҶݺҲкüûˡǶֻεĹ߶ѡ
֪ҵӲҳ
ʧȥԼŮʹ֮ʣε¶ǰһͷ̺ң˭ֱ˭أ
Ժ̣Ϊġĸס
ӽεÿε˴׵ĵܻܵһҡ
Ȼÿμĵص㶼ġ
ܻܵüʱῪĵظҽÿ춼ԣҲӦ·ǲһš
ֻڼſʱĸ׻ᱻ
ĸ׳ϴ·ʱͻ
סĵطƫƧҡҡ׹ö֮һЩסˣֻʣǡһĿڡס
ܵͽˣܼǵƵҲÿһαһΣһΡ
ǵĸԽԽߣȴԽԽݣҲҲûЦݡ
˵ҪǸҲܣȣְ֡Ļǡ
ǻ˵豻˺öѪһ²µˡ
Ҽ˵ܵõ壬ҲĻǳһı޴˺ۣҴޣ˵ȥ˵£˵ʹ
Ǹˣħצս塣
ε顱
ֻ赭д˵һ䣺ܻͲˡ
ҵġ顱ˡ󡱡
Ҫ˺ҵļˣҵùԹԵĸԸѧźˣ˻ġ
Щĵ£ҶѧˡҵԸԳ˰ҵ壬ȴڶǰͱ̵Ҵ/µִͷŶ
˵Զһ˵Ҫ񰢾ѰϺͰñԼҪһ
͵ıһ˸ҪĴۡ
ȥŵ٣ҵ⡣
Ҳ²εĺǰҡЩ갲ҵڰ·չѸͣԶεԤϡ
밲ʵǶ԰Ŀ࿴ģԸϰˡ
ſѧ֮ܶĶҲԽӽܶٹˡ֮һ
ʶİ˿еľϰ岻̫һ
˿еľϰѪ飬ЦصʶľϰԵ׺ݣ飬Щͷԡ
ҼŮӵУΪͬһ
ҺĽ
Ľݱ˰Ľ
عεŵֻҪܼ밲ҴٳϵĺðأεҲǰӣ͸ҼһǮɡ
ҿżֺðڰϵŬ׷ˣϲңҲϲ
ǣڷ곡Ϸ
ܿҲоó
ȻƣҾ͵ӲͷƤϷȥžʧˡ
ҰĽ㣬ҰһŮˡ
ҺȻҲ޴롣
ֱңң˵ϲ㡣
еһθܵʲôҸ
ҺҵĴӢۣҺСʱˡҲܡ
εҵĶСε覣Ǻ̵ŮǸˮСŮ
鲻֪һ
ﰢԽãҾԽΡΪĽ롣
֪ҵʵֻǱεŮһöŪӡ
ȲҶ飬˵ε壬ǽƾͼơҴӦǵļƻֻҲܸε塰̸ÿ١ҡ
ɸɾװ׵ذԼûεάӵùǸħĴݲУ
԰ϺͰµȦףÿһƺ˳
벶ȸں
ȵͰܾˣεڷ˾衣
õطҵļˣҹȥϳһǰúõķ
ĥǽʮˣڿźͱȥǵǸɱ֡͵ؽˡ
ǹ⵱һ˵ôģεҪڣҲھ͡족˵³ǵ³
εͿһǶǲĶħ
˸
δҲϲĸˡ
ĸ׵ͱε˻ҪС꣬ĸױε˲ֹʮꡣ
񣬰׷룬ű˫Ҳվֱˡ
ǺܿҲǸеΣΪľ治ɵġͬһܺߡ
ҰеĻεǮĸܵݵƤǵĸ˵˾
裬ҵЩ͵ЩǮƻ㡣ÿһ죬ҶҪΪҰ˻š˺ҵ͵ܵǵްϵˡ͵ûŮɡ
ȥǵڱȥΥĵ£һ
ݽ棬˵ıȺĵײϡ
ɲԼѡ
̤εҴһߵÿһ·ܲÿһı
㣬ˡ

εڱֽϿҶϾŮϵذһҲˡ
ҲѹҲ±˵ȿЦ±ãΨһµģ֪˵ε覺Ͱ˷ס
Ұ㣬˷סԲҹܲסǶ񶾵죬㡣
ĸǺʧǵȥ˺Ƕ

Կס
ɺ̵ȥҾһ֪
аұ˰ռˣͰҲ֪ȥ
ں̼ס˼죬ȴʼûеȵַ̡ھֻˣû֪ȥ
Ǽ죬ʱںӱ߿ϵƲʡ
ÿÿгֹҶͷֱʧֱʧ
Һﳵȥյ޷磬һξͶʧ·ߵг
ģǰ
˼ʹȥİ䡣ʵұҲûټ
ûϢǺϢֻͰѰȫ뿪
뷽跨ϢԸԸ氢뿪ô᲻Ըأ
ǽܶԳеˣ˵Ը⣬ǻ᲻һд۴ҳȥҲ۰
εңҽѾѿǼˣҲεΧ˰ߣ͵ɱ⻹ǻ׽ĥͲö֪ˡ
غУޡʱε廹ûзŹҵļˣ߲ˡ
һ˻
õɺһֱ˼һΪЩʲô
ݺѡ޼ҿɹףǶ߰ĸͶ޹Ĵħͷ
ǣҸε˵绰԰󻼵ҿϢȻҰԼƯƯģȥӽ
εɵҲʹ޿˭ϲǣűأ
ùݵķֱɲһһжҶ衣һŮӣҪȫˣ졣
ҲŪԼҵǰġǰ·ֻһͬھ
Ҳ
źǣԵ밢ͷ˵Ҫ꣬Ҫʳˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôڴ⣿ΪʲôҪðЩʣ

͸˶Բԣ
ţʹࡣ仰ˡ
Ҷȴֻľ̽˿ļ硣ΪԼҪɥʱˣҵĴӢۻˡ
ҵ֣ÿҺ
һ̣˫ȷúҲѪҲɱˣ°ҵ
Ǳ峺ӣǱĿ⣬ȫǱĺ⡣
֧ľϳҹСˡ֡䰮Լ䰮İ
ľ˿Ĳϡ
᲻أĲӣҵ顣
ǹֵУΪڻߣ¾ĺüˣϤİҲˡ
ǶҶ
ųһ·ҵĽѪʹľľģġ
ҲûʸʹΪңǸ
ҹڴϣûĵʱ˵ģװ㣬װҵĴӢۡ
ҵסұ졣
˵ҪʹĻš
òֻ̡֣Ҳȡ
󣬰ҵؿ˯ˡ
ûҪͣûҿ˵滹Ǽ١
ʲôأ
ҰٿĪ磬ҲӦá
ֵʼΪҵһֵİǰˡǡĲõ޵С
ǸͷβĻŮˣ˵ԭ˺ˡԭҡ
Ű˯Ҳܺúõ
ͷˣˡ
ˣˣˣҵúܿ죬ҲͰġһΡ
/һԭƻеģԴӺͰమһúʵʩ
䱦ң᲻ܰίԳٳٲҪȴԺûᣬһҪ֪ҡ
Һ޳ܣ˽ֻŮˣԶҡ
ϵ£ˣŮˣҶѧ
˵ᡣš
ҵĵһΣĵһΡϣҲϡ
ҳҹߡĺ೤ҵӡ
ŴͷƵ΢΢밢ߵľ룬ҵԿա
üۣıǣĴÿһҶΣÿһҶμ
ˮʪͷ
ˡ
ؿڣҵߡҶϣҲҶޱδı⡣
Ҳ˯ŵġΪʲôҪ˯ţ
Ҫˡ
İķ䣬ұϥǿ޵úܴʮ궼ûô˾

ҵģҲҵߣԸ㻳ҲùȴҲ㡣
ſţҷ˷ϡڴҷ
ݣҵ´ץʣأ̣ҵҴڲϵһϺǲˣһǶԲԣңҺòá
̶£ңҡͷ
ʲôûˡ
йصľۡһûˡ
ƿ̣ǿڣϵĺۼڡҿЦЦſޣߡ˺ۡΨһͰйصˡ
Һ¡Ϊµ˺ۣȬһ졣
ȴһŦ۵ݸҡ
Ŧۡ¡
Һ֪ط֣ŵ·ǰġץסµǿŦۣİϡ
ǰζдġ
侲Щ·ϴ
ӴͷһȡƷһһ°ɫľ߽ź÷Ժӧʱõܹţһǰһ󶼵˰
֪ð·Ӻ˵Ǩ
һֻƤܡһֻ⼣߰߿쿴ģһֻո£ֻǰ͸ҵġ
ƤҴԭͥΨһߵĶҲ͵͵εҡ
һαεˣߺӽǰԺˮֱˮ˻
һҵľС
Ϊ˲ٱ֣ҰСò˴¡ֻںѹѹʱ򣬲ŻҹóһΣһһΡ
ұ㽫תƵ˺̼Ժ˵ҪĶ͵ǸҲһ
Ʒɿ״Ѳ֮ܳΪƷ
ǡҺͰĻ顣
ǰڶ˺ҵĻ顣һҲѹΣ˺ҵΣҵġ
ڸңθˡ
ҺԶˡ
պ󣬻л㱷һʬ⣬㲻ضڷ䡣
ÿ죬̶һݱֽ͵ҷ濴εѶ
ܶܶԺҲ˸߰ε岻ҵĸסҪɱҪж㡣ߣ
֪ҪȥҪҪ£Ҳ㣬һǵĻ䣬㡣
һ£һ꣬ʱұʱӭ㡣
һкöİûü㣬ö黰û˵öûͬһһҪǵû


48 
һ, Ӷǰĵһ˵/ȡ㣬ǾĲõƭ, Ԥı, ĿľΪ˺ҵѣҳɹˡ
, ݵĿ, ɼ㣬Ķ㶯飬ֵñԭ¡
Ϊ, е˺ѳʵ, ǰʵһʹ, ֻо˲Żᶮ
ǵ, ҺǸε覵ġŮˡ
ޣȴִţһ
Ұ޷, ΪҲʵ
Ҹȥȫĵط׵һε, Ѷ御
룬㻹ܺĸ׳Ϧദ
, ʲôҲûˡ
, ʹŶ˵˺ܶ䡰Բ𡱣ȴû˵һ䡰ҽ͡ԭ¡֮Ļ
֪, ǲʼٸߣ£ûн͵ıҪҲûκʸҵԭ¡
ε覣Ǿ͵Ϊֹɡ
ӡ׹ǷݿЦĻ飬ͳͳܰۡ
ȻһжǼٵģұ㽫ͨͨٵۿҺĹϵͬ˺ٵĻ飬ƾԲ
߳廦ľϰǿүʵ룬
ˣεҲ
ĸףǺͬѪҺˡ
ҾȻ²ȥ֡
Ҷΰǿ˵ɱǵĵ֣ռ˰ҵլӣ˰л
Ȼΰǿβڡ𡱣ֻ뿪
֮£Ǹһ
չ۲񶯾ʱܲȡպϡ
б
ǵڰլǱ˺ü죬ٳҲ֡
׼գпܾӵ½
Ҳûϵпܾƺ⣬ǿƵ½ֱϳ
/һʱмܣۻܱھҲʾ˵ռҹս
Ҳֻڹѵͷصʱ̣ǶŽһĵĻˡ
пңΣڵϦ
ǰյϰĴţǰ֮ʿȻȻعӪǰߡ֧ҲȥҾ󷽼ҽƶӡ
ǰĽҲǽĽ
ΨһĵܵܣΨһˣΣղˣ
ִҪڰڵĴ󲿶Ӻ棬ΰǿͼҲִҪͬС˵ΪսΪ㡣
Ҿȡÿսʤпܵս򶫱תơ
ˡȫˡ
ɾڱϵ·Уһѳ˵򣬰ڷֶ
ˣȫû
ңһһѪС
ΰǿסңסҵ죬͵ذҰڵϡ
ƵȥǵȲκˣ·һ
񳷱Ҵ˶ǵ˰ô⿪ʰɾһˣôϲˣ˧һˡ
ȴòӡ
ΰǿĬҺͰʱ䣬ŵڲԶѰ˵˿ӡ
˵Ժؼҡ
ȡ°ͷžСΪɾ·һһ
ǷҵģⱲһϡ
֣裬˻ȪظҶԲǵԲ𰲼ҵ࣬ԲΡ
ңհ
ܶ죬Ҷûп˵ֻͷѰټǰСǺʲô
ΣΰǿҲû
ڷɽĳҹӭʱ
ҺΰǿͬʱǹǹأǹֱӴͷ
;УðնӪؽɽ廬°ݴͷϷ׷ĶԻ
֪ңǱ̾Һΰǿ;ʯ֮¡
ҹ
ֱͣӪ⼸ֲǡΰǿȷˣҵҲˡ
˲ʿʲôóǿأ
ƽǵŴ
ڼ䣬ȫֳȥɿǮ֧ſº󣬸µصҼһ벻ˡ
ĵǵҲϣ
˵ϰ壬ǿүΪ㿼ǵĶǵˣԹǡЩǮǰġ
ˣǰ
ûΪʲôûΰǿΪʲôҪϰһδҡ
ϣ˰Ͱΰǿ˺ҵˣҲֵεˡ
ͼеĸж˵ԼһͨƽŮˣΰǿ˳ŻŰкβã
ɢѾؿڵͷű/¶˯ȹ߽ΰǿķ䡣
׼£ȦĲȥҺĴһ
ҵļƿͬһλֳҵĺ󱳣ָ/ҵͷ㲻ǿԼҲҪҵŮˣֻ뱣㣬˶ѡ
һΣӣʹ޳ҰɣΰǿԺ׵ˡ

ʮʽʱ䣬ҺΰǿֶΣھƽá
˵һ˻
˵ûء
пѱƲãԼĵ̡
ȻΪȨ/ȴδֹֻͣǸתϷ
ƽͻʰ˰ó١
ƵȥѰҲ˻ҽͰһڰլַĸĹ½ҲǨ飬ͬʱʼؽլ
ѸĿںҾ㣬ⳡϵˣɺҾϰ塣
갲ҵǮѹδս׷ɺ󣬴󲮴˰磬һǰʡڰ˼ҵףź·죬Ϊ˸˼ҵİӶ
һң˵ڱ·и߼۹ȥִƱѶҲ֪޵ִ
Ҳûаҵ
Ҳհ
ɰң鹡
ЩˣƺΪϰ塣
Ҳٻ
ȡ֮ģһûʵĹʴ󷹵ꡣ
ϰܡ
ҡδ̤벽
ûȥǸŮ˵ϢҲûط꣬ʲôĳ
᣿ԳĬʹޣ
ֻƵһ䡪
ʱһó̶ʮǧٽѣһôʱһọ̈ǧ濴ǧַ⣬಻޻ľ£һ統ģ
׺ɣеÿÿʹҴңµм
Щ˴ˣһһִҲǶԲľˡ
ÿÿҹҶ˵Լ
ģãҲ˺
Žйƽ
䶨ֻԭʼƽʵͥԺ´磬¶裬ϴȥһǦϲ⣬ȥ
һΣΪԼ֯Ρȴġ
ٺúΰǿ˵˽һƬأ˺ϻｨһ˵֪Ҳþû㴩װˣߣȥء
ȥˡ
Ƭأʯ԰⡣
һ꣬＾
죬ȥժʯ͸ٵ˺ܶ࣬ĽȥһҲܶࡣ
ΰǿȲҴϰƬδʽӪҵܡ
ָоܳ졣
֮ȫ֪ˡ
Ϊң̫ࡣ
̫бȺɢ׼뿪и˵ͷվǰ
̧߽ͷ
żȻ
ǣһĻǣ
ΰǿ࣬ҵıȥǰ㣬ü
ǰŮ˻öǣ£ΪµݣζʡЩҺθɣ
ұò΢Ц׵λС㣬ʲô𣿡
Ĵ˶û˵ȴŴֹסµһ̣Һܷ
һߵҵģʹ
ĵҪûµĻҾˡǿڵҡ
ʼգûڡ
һΪҵıһ䡰ûСŶҲˣ˵亰ҡ

ȥĵڶ죬ҾȥƴС㡣
ȥҵʱûǰ˵ãϰ岢ûнҾ֮⡣
ǵģ⼸һֱסƼҡշңҲŲʡ
겻Ҳʮˣ
ʱϲദģʽôҼȭҼġ
ֻĬĬᣬЦԹٲС궼ǵһˣҶҲҪ˸ˡ֪֪ǷҺСС·ԿһҷװˣаǷСߣҲȥˡ
ǷǵģԼǷǵģҶỹϡ
磬Ҿĸ˼ת˻е֪ٻ̳·ߡ
С곤ˣҲҪұˡ
һҪױĿɰģ
СССʱҪľö࣬ҲöࡣұҲֻǹԹԵ§ң˵ҲٱԼ뷨
Եۡ
˵ҪΪҽӷϴ˵á
Ԫأ
˵СǶ
ս󣬻ֱ̻ƼҺͲٸŴ󻧶ûˡ
ҿԽʡزˮǻ׸ԪΪ˺Ȣһң޿ɺǡ
ϸ۲飬˵⻰ʱ񲢲ζҲ
ЦСôȣضΪѻ
ȴ˵ұҲǰǨҰˡ
ҵͷûǱȥɣֻҪﲻµûžС𣿻Ǿһӣ
ҡͷ롣ƼҪңӶСҲҪס
أʲôʱͨˣһͺӣ𣬱ίԼ
õѣԹΪҸȴҪҵʱ޷ѣ͸һ㶼ְ
ҿǻؼҡʱְóһҡǡҵѺеĵ


49 
ʽͺסһҲ֪, 龫ǣΪҺҵĸס׼׵ĺ·
ҿĵطҺǻ
, ȴĵط, ˲ٿָʹʹ˼ơơɽơ
ǵİ, ̫ƽˡǷ, ǷҲǷǮ
һҶ޷
пܷһ/սУϳƽ, ҵĸ׺͵ܵ, ǲڵпܵɱ֮£Ǳټ
ûȥѰǵϢ
ҿˡ
Ϊ, ΪԼ
Ϊҿôĺ軻ǵɺͰ, ȴ̶̲һ£ٴλΪӰ
ⳡսǼεܵһжЦ
һűǸЦ
ɼЦ, ҲҪšǱмԭµĻ룬Ϊε廹û
˺, Ҳı
ʱܵأεҽ, һ᲻һиߡ
ʱΪ˭ͣ, 
ս֮У綼æԱ, ҵΧͣͣҵȻ˹һεҵļ¡
ֻңƾż佫ǰε鷿͵ε年Ῠ̵֤һ̣ͬдġҰûܴģ
Ҳ֪˻᲻ţҲ֪ûãܵһԡ
ΪѰҵܡ
Ҳȥ㡣
ǰõѣΣյ£ǣ
Щ֤ݣԭ͵ûлᡣεÿն鷿һֶˣƱػỳɵͷ
Ļҵļ˻꣬ҲεҵĴš
ܰǺҵġ
ͬ˵Һεңε壬ϧʯҲҪµ⵽ӦǼ
ңͰңŮϴ治Ҳһͬµ
ҵȣһʱ
ȡóսʤ󣬻ûȨʼǿӲ̬ڻ
ٻָӪҵգεε̳мʽ
ǶڻȲʹ֮ʱҴӶ¥ʮ֤һ£ж
/ʱڣ˶󡢹˵оΪʹޡ
ټҡεŮף˿Ŷȡ
δε˽£ܱһѲ߽óҵαļԼġ֤󣬴ҸŲɡ
֤֤ڣһƬ//ĺУε־ܣѲ
㿴Ϊһ¡
ε˷ħˡ
壬øһңû˳ܣŤһ
ΪҵķεһʧӶ¥ˤȥ
Ѫû˺
ңҲʧɱ/˱
˼/ĵڶգҾ˵ѩˡѩֻһ壬ζšա
յңҲѹͼײǽѰȴʱͽҽԺ
ǵһҽԺ̽ҵˡ
ǿҿң֤ݲα졣ǴսǰԼԽġ
Щ֤ݣǴӿҵġ
㣬˾ٵ⣬벻ҶͰɣ
ΪңΪεŮ԰⵹ε£ɰ
Ҳ˵ˣ˳ӿǶҳЩ֤ݣҲù鹦㣬ṩ˷
жమ㰡
ʲôûüȴĬĬΪҺͰ̺˺·
ε覣ȻסҪµǽҲõȵȷǶˣ١
˵öԣˣҡ
ڶѶ̽ҵģ㡣
ңƾʲô
˵ֻ£һ10һٺụ́һǰܹҡ
ǰƾʲô
ҵǰ¾ĵģҵǰģ뿴ʹĻţҾ͸ĻʹĻţŵ
ҳ״ѰͷٺҽҲҡ
˵ҴǰҲΪ˵ĬĬػһЩڣȴĽ;ϰĺҡθ鲻գ٣Ŀŵǹ
ʣ֪
˵֪ҰǰһСȻԪİѾӣ˭Ҳֲߡ
ʣҪ
˵ͷȴҿܵȲȥˡ
ʣʲôʱߣ
˵ƽ¶ĺӺ󣬻һֻ꣬죬˵߾ߡ
˵Ը㣬Ҳ㡣Ϊ˵ĺޣʹ
ҡ
㻨˲Ǯϵֻͨڼ/˰ͱͷˡ
꣬ԷööҲ֪¡
죬ңǱСĸ溡
Լſϧϧ
̫ˣϧϧڡ˵ϧϧǵĺӣҺͰ衣
㽻ҺܶණϧϧһƬٺָһҸͷ»һΡ
ңѰҸεҵ10Ƹ񻹻ȥ
̳黹ҹȨӴ绪֮֡
ָƽҲɻҲûоϰ塣
εɽٻεɷ֣һ꣬ӪƵˡ
Եͼ۽չ츲صģٻ¥Ϊʷ꣬Ϊ˽ӴӢĸߵٹ̺Ļ˶齹÷ꡣ
εķε//׼Ҷ⵽ż֮£ҲòټҰǨľ
ǸεѡһεϾϵǰߣ¾Т
Ϊӣεѡǰߡ
ˣε롣εȥĵڶ죬СηС

ת˲š
ˡ
Ǿ㣬ǰϰ壬Ψҵİ
Ϣ˴ҵĿš
սܲпᣬļɢͿ̿
ս˰ðû׵ĵܵܣûֿˡ
Ͱ񣬰Ӣµսʿ
޷󣬰ıʹж
ֻԼֵһ꣬׵İûߵͷңҲѲϲˡ
ҵǣĸһ𿴹ľԺǿش
ÿĻƻ裬ֻҪûҶᾡȥǱߵ䣬䡣
һվͰʯϣȺԼ±úܳܳӰӡ
ſţֻ᲻ʹµ
ǰ죬һǳɫװܿᣬܺÿҵİʲôǺÿġ
ұһʣϰǷĻɲԽ̽ң
ûʡ
ҵʱɣҲ㯡
֪֮μöڲԭϡ׷ĳ
ֱ꣬ΣδΪͬһǸˣҡ
õϢȥʯ԰ۿֵݸǿүЦҲǿү
㡪
Ϊ˷İûҵλá
ҲãҲá
ǿү㣬ڰϣǶñҺá
ʲôԴףʸ
ҶϦµĺӰڣھԺǰĺӰǿүһûаɣӰרҵİ˭Ҳߡ
ƬûΪ֧һȥ
ҵʱ˵֪˿ŮˣҲıκŮ˰ռ
ܶǰĸҲǰֻʧȻ
渵溸еѹҲִźؽ岻ѡ
ѷɫ̫ࡣ
Һεºܵ㴹ࣿһֱڱ㣬㣻ȴһֱƭ㣬˺㡣
Ƭı棬úɫֱд֣
ˡӢۡ
ڰ칫Ҽʱ֣ɷ貢ϡȻ֣ȴд쳣һһ͸棬һƲһ඼Żϲ
ҰƬѹ˲£öζ̲סóٿ֡
Ҳҡ¡
סµϴڿзƣɫ
ƬҲҵġӢۡ
֪ˣѲϡûϵİϣڡ
ҵˡһӣ仰˵
ȵңڡ

˵ÿһѩ죬ǰա
ɻѩ
ǰûУȥûУ֪꣬᲻С
һѩ䣬˰ĵǸ졣
ҲңΪԸǹԣΪƾԲΪΪǻδ
Ҵǳѩ
Ҳҵİ
ֻϣڽ궬ʱһһʱ򣬻һѩлһգΪһ볤档
˵Թɽ亣ζζ
ÿҹ˯ʱͻһ뱻óԵķѼ档
ʼļأҶ˼ڡ
ζᣬÿһڣ̵ġ
ÿһ룬Ҷֻǰسһڡ
һڣΪȷζ
Һ£ʱˣζˣͲϲˡ
Ϊʲôûȵζ䣬Ͳϲˡ
֪ǲϲ棬ֻǲϲǸˡ
ϲǶԵġ
Ǹ˾ȡ͸úٶϧ
ôذһǺð㣬㡣
ԲҵȲˡһҵĴӢۺ
εǸ˺ĻŮѾ˵˼ĺӧòã
ε覸ᣬ㣬ִ֪磬ʶ塣Ҫǣһһ
һΣȫ֪㡣


50 
ص, ڶκεµšε覾Ȼˡ
ػعĽӷϴ֮, ֮, ΰǿأһ
ΰǿࡢͬ
̨֮ϣȻ˶ǰΰǿΪϤ, ԼϤĸ
˶ɫ, ̸۵žɣŵģСƣ⼸꾩ƽͻķչ仯
ֱͣͣ, ֱԱϲʱһ
Ѽ档
Ϊεúܺ, ȴΰǿΪʢ֭ʱ˷, ˤȥ
ະ׷ȥ, ͼ򰲾͵Ļȴ˺
֣Ҵϲ棬ϲġյĽӷ磬лˣȻȥˡ
ſ, ӧױε覿󣬻æֲ̧ᣬк
Ȼ, ѹû˵ʲôֻĮ
, ˰ĳ
ε覴æ׷, Űڰ·ϰ壬ס
û, ֻ³ȥӣҰɡ
ε覾
ȥգδע⵽Ҳڡ
˵лл㣬лл㻹šĵ׵ĸС
ǰ֪ε覾Ǻӧ·Žʻε˵겻εС
ҡͷҲʲôεС㣬ҲεҵˣԺҺӧͺáڰСţпմǹ
ΰǿŹȳ³ӭ
Ϸװӣ⼸걾ദˡ
ΰǿ԰˵СǸԺ󲻻ˣϣ
ءšѹȷŽϳɡ
ͷϸϸε覣ܺãӣѵƴȳ
ε׷ΰǿġ
ӧϰ壬Ҳš
ֻ衣
ĬĬվţûпҲûЦΰǿ񣬻ǰ
ΰǿص̾һ֡
ǰǿүþò
𣿡
һ㶣ҡͷ
ΰǿԳ㿴ѾʲôϴˣҲˣ㣬ҪҪң
ģڿˣݺݵصͷ
ΰǿֽӵ뻳УıοЩһð㡣
ôȷʵǶĿԼж
ıҲǸɫϳ˵ˣȻҲ˯һҹԼ˵ʹˣҲˣиԼȫȫ强ĹŲ
һ棬ε覵ģҲڸͰǴеŮϵ
ߺεĵ֣ϲ㰡صƿ
ΪĸеģͬʱҲΪԼе

ڣɳ溴סļ磬ο˲ֻ֣ʵ䷴
Ҳˡ̾Ϣһһ̬˸Լߣǵؿϡ
ܳ
СҹѾкܾúܾöûô׽ˡ
˵Ҷ֪ǸˣҲࡣٺֻǡϣ˳ʵš
ε覾ͽԼСľ˵͸ˣΪѡˣӦ̹ϣʵԼʿǿ
溶ε覵ȻҲʮͬ飬£ԼһңȰ˵ˣ
ֻһࣺΪѾˣ󣬾ͿǻԵˡѹԼϡ
ţԺ󲻻ˡ
ǲˣ˾ȥ˯ٻءߣؼҡ
ǣм𣿡
࡭
˵/һͺá
׳ŵӣĶͷѵˮһ
׵ƺ΢΢ĿתŸ溵Ĵⴽ׹ԼöˣԼȴδ׹
ϴ˴գ볢һΥ˵ĸ溵ζҲٴԼģסŵ˵˭
ѾõĹˣǴֿɼǰˡ
溶Ȼףŵò֪룬Ҫ֪඼ֻ׶ͷ
һֱ죬ĸܣ죬ֹͣˡ
ʱ⣬Ҳֹͣˡ
걻˱/һ£溵ľ;һ¡оĴһһϣϸҽ˸ôˣ
ô
ͰһֻԶ۵ĴС㣬װ±ˣǵȻҲֻСǹ
֮ʣ˿Щ
溻عסι̶ڻ
ڣˡ
˵գ׼˫촽Ϊȥ

ΰǿͰƽǿز˾ʽ֮һڻëĹɷ޹˾
Ĺɶɷڰ޷ĳ꣬ӪΪ˾Ĺˡ
ȫߵĲ㱨㣬ϰ嵽ˡ
ϰж˶ǰǸ̵ףһλĳߣ˾ͺãһ㡣
Щᣬһڲ軺ͻı𣿡
Ѿͷǰ߻Ҫһʽȥһݡ겻⻹УԼû⡣
ڰ֣ûǷҸǰǷġҴӦ˰Ҫǵģˣŵڡ
óһ10֧ƱƵϰǰʲôԺӣҲ㡣
ϰһ֧Ʊϵܾ⡭ʹáûаðǮĵ
֪ǸŮǸ߷֮ˣ촰˵ϰĹ˾ǰҲסǮҸģϣëĺ;ǿزĹҵֻϰڣұضΪ׼ҡ䲻ˣ϶ˣҲҰѹ׿ϹģǮ͵ǰǷµƸ񣬻ϰ£ðĿˡ
ºͰİ飬Ȼֹ˴˵һ涼û
Ϊģչ˺ŵˡ
ǶԱ˴꣬ûûԼǶβ׵ĸ龭̫࣬Ҳ̫ࡣ

죬¾֧Ʊ˰ס
ǮҪ
㣬ƽҺܸˣĺܸˡ˻Ű飬ʱ˿һЦúϲ£졣
֧߬Ʊȷͼ黹
£㣬Ҳܸˡ԰Ƿݸģ㻹ǽ㣬Ͱ˼ҵĿĻһ
µַ̧£ǰ¶ذõ΢Ц㣬ҿԴ氲һ𣿻ߣ氲һң𣿡
Ļ˹黹֧Ʊ
Ǯðİðİ¡
˵ҪһƬ԰ǮȥһƬ԰뿴̫/ƽʢʹȥĴúɽ
ǰһſ˫ӵסŮ
£㻹ᣬ·кܳδҲԽԽáûȢҴţǰȱ֡ǰȥʲôʱҪѣ㶼ڵġ
㡣ſڰͷޣˣҺЩֻ꣬Ҫһ뵽ڻ˵ǹ£ڻɽҰ룬Ҿͺ޲á
ԣȥˡ
ͷ룬һ߰һ˵ɱҲ˰ûڻɽҰ룬ѾؼˡҪȥ𣿡
š
⣬ڰĹǰվá
뿪ºͰ˵˵ȴסӢţ
һ֮ܿˡ
㣬ҺͰһޱϣҸ
ڣͦõġ
սҲְ֪εͽ˼/εʧֻΪ֮㣬ǲҲТɱ˷εңεƿأɼ˺Ͱ¡
ε֮临Ӷֿĸ飬˵
ǴӰĽǶȳǴԼĽǶȳϣ㰲ͺεǰӣ׿һļԹྡջҸ
ֻ˽⵽ģʵ̫Ƭˡ
ʹһ֪ǰʲô֪ε֪εƺĸס
ܸģֵ֧ģǰεŮ˵Ŀ̹ĵİ顣
£ٶ˵˵ɣһҪæˡǸŮ˵Ȳѣˡ
ô˵ԼΪʲôߵ˻ҪԼ顱أ
ʱνĶŮ鳤ѱˡ
ֻúðѡɺһ׳ɳȫʷǡ

Ųɢ֪дԼĪ¶ȥҰ
ֱʽҵϣΰǿ
裬ҲСŰ尲ĴУԲˬ
޷ܾСԼ׽ãС
ҪСŤͷ帵溴󺰣ҲѽԺһҲ
⼸긵ǵʱģԸҲ
ʲôʲô뵽溣
溳ЦЦ֣֪úɣĻ͸עⰲȫҶ
һ⺢ôˣ¶㡣
ô˵СꡣС˼аܿ˭˭á溵Щ䣬СȥɣСҿţ¡
Ҫ˵ƴСҲҵģ˭ա˸ҽºֲˣǰ鲻Խ˵ǡѽѧ
ø޴
溣òӶ//ɣ붼롣
//
ûҽš
ȴһץסǿƵչС㣬ȥ
ᣡ
ã

ѽѧ֪ô

ǰҧгݡࡣ
಻ҧ䣬Сӣ
һ䡰֮£һӱֻĹĵشСССȥˡ
ΰǿڸ̸飬ιΰǿר
ය˸溣Աһףίǰ
ϰ廹أ

ţջ
ӰͳһҪ־͹ǸĵĵܵܣҪȻҲùǵ£
ͷһŷдţĽ㡪
뿪ʱȺԵε覡
һεֺƤȥ¾ӵŰݷùΰǿ
֮ȥŵǰҲû˵㲻ڣֻ˵㲻ͣ䲻֪ܵŮˡ
ֻصԭ㡣
ε覲٣ڶȥˡ
ˣ˿һͷʱȵ˰ΰǿĳ濪
ӧϰ¼ţֻҶ
Ͳٵˡ
߹ȥ̾һҲˣװǵķ
漴ͳһŽε覣ղײգʱҲáܲǰԵԼˡ
ŷдţӢ۵ˡε
ĳƺ˰׿˵ƬıдС
εɻ󣺡㣬ǣ
Ǹ˽һսǰҲ˸ţһǸģһǸġƬҲżһġ
ƬûзŷεڰҪԣϣڰķϹε覡
ʲôӢۣʲôˡ
ε覾ǰʲôˣٷ˻Ǵ̣
ȻǰҵˣΪʲôҪգ
ıҪĵĻǵİΣ
ٵεƾһǻ¡Сε򸾣ڼѰٻŶ֮ġ
˵زˣҿ֮پǷתҲ㣬ŵǰҶˡţҲԺʲôݻţҲε覻ǺӧҸλᣬΪ㣬ΪֵãǿǰԸķϡ
лл㣬㡣εۺؽţźᣬȴ̩ɽţͷװѾõ⡣
Һ͸溶سŵ㱣ˡΪûһôĽͣ¡
ε覵δԼεŮ֮¹ΪԼġס֮ٸŷǱΪڱ
Ҷڰ˵ǲεҵŮı䲻ж԰˺ʵ


51 
, Ϳε覵Ӱü֮ĿֻĿⲻΪεͣ, ε覵Ŀȴһֱ׷
ĺƽ, ٲԾȥѰε覣Ҳ˼εкĿ, ·ǲɵˡ
ɵóġ顱ʱ, ٴξ˾κˡ
޴ĺ˲˷û֮Ǿ޴Ŀֻţб
ʲôԣһǸŮ˰ɣ
뿴ڻŮ˵ֻƬٶҡԼ, ǰ, ܲ
һֱȵҹŲ˫ִⰲǰţ
, 㿴ŵʱ, ѾͰھȪ֮žˡԲ𰡣δһ
ԭʳˡ˵Ҫɱ̫죬ս, ֻҽ˽һߡ˵Ҫ㣬ȴزˡ
ǺĻһ, ǵܵܲˡ
㲻õģûТܼɵ, д, ҲֻûйܺõܵܵĴ
һŵʱûǵصȫ㿸ˡͱٺˡ
Ҳ, һ˺ܶǮ˰ɣһ竵ܵ
Ļ±ӣ±ӣһ㡣
㣬лл㡣
ллҺСʱΣ֮УллԸҳΪǵˣллػҡҡ
лл㣬õĽ㣬Ҹǵĵܵܡ
ͬģҲκ˶ϣҸ
ߺͲҪȥ˵Ľ˰ҲΪҰԵռ㣬ΪȫȫΪԼˡ
ʶҪ˵һЩûü˵Ĵʵˡ
䲻֪źʱܵܹȥ꣬ϲˣһֻһ
ʱ˿һҾףСɩӰúϣͬġ
ûһ𣬲ǺԵɣҲ㿴ź˼һҪҪһ
֮ûֱʱ˵ЩҲΪİȫ롣Ƕ㣬ҲԸΪۣǡ
ѲѺڼ䣬ҽͨϵһΣԸԸ뿪
Ĵ𸴣Ҳżˡ
Լɡ
ʵ֮Ĺϵ⣬ҹܻſڣһȥ졣
ϦϦµҲرǶԡ
ûƭ㡣
Һ»ͷס໥һۣղûзԡ
ӵһ㶼֮ӵ
İҲȶҵ١
ҲԴףҲʡ
㣬СΪҿΪ˲Ķ飬һֱԼж㵽ûһ㣬Ҳ㵽˶Ů˽顣
ǿӲȫճɾҲȻġ
ֻϧ㰡ƫƫͰ˺ͬΪŮӵ
ʶºҲ̸ҲİĹҲϹҿüüĿ顣
ҺܸлΪĳ֣ҽʮ֮˺Ϊ鰮ЦҲķĵĿ
㿪ģҲĿġ
ŰҲῪġ
ȥҹܻ·ϣ͸¶εǾʶǰεҼһء⼸£żȥεε̸֮ضСɾǶģ߶Ҫ
ΪʲôҪѸףЩ
˵εҴͲҪļҡ
ҲҵǸǸ˵ӽεôΪʶҲԵʶ㣬Ϊʶʶ͸ҽʲôѣʲôǼңʲô顣
˵ĽңĽĽ㡣
һش˵ڸһҲӵĹĺͰ
ųĬòͬҹ棬ڰԶ޷档
㣬㡢㡢¶ͬµĲεңεֻҵĿˡ
ıų
ԼĲ
εĳڱٿأѹֵĻУԼ˼룬ֻܻų
㣬ݷѾõġҡʼѡĹ˼룬
Ϊ㹻㣬θΥεధ󿨶Źǣ
ϾʱѲֶܾҪɵοεң
ԣԼ߽Щ̫档
˵εİˡ
ҶܵõİΪ˲ܸܲġ
ȴȺ˻һ£Һεңûһ˵밮Ͱʲô
ֻϣиģҲ·
Ժһ𣬽ҲãɩҲУѡˣҶϡ
㿴Һ£밮Ҳˡ
ҶýȢ
»ڵĻҶչ
Ҳϰ壬ܲһֻһ¹ڣ
㣬ˡ
Ϊѹ̫ãΪ٣ҲޱԺ
һҪúչ˺Լݽ϶ЩǮƾ٣Ըһ
󣬰ǿһʺãҲףˣӡ
Ҿֳʱ򣬼ǵöһݡ

ŷͷһССֽգΨξ롣
дʱε覻ûϳεңҲû
տ֮˵¾︴𣬶¾֧飬ѲװģڴŲһ֣Ѱ¾޹ûġ
ΪǵĿҲûϵԼ磬֮İɡ
۾ͣۺ÷Żŷ⣬ε覵ôȼˡ
ܰε˵ôࡰáֻ֪ε覲˶ĻԭµģӧǼٵġ
ǸŮûһ仰šͰƭˡ

ҵȥüˣۿŰ겻ᣬΰǿԸŰˣǰҵĵֶжǶ١
ǡ
Ȼһû̸鰮Ҳµ֡εйء
źϸ۲ε覣˽Ҳ˽̽εмȷûٸκ˻ŮȾ
ǿүģε覸ֶû»Ϊβһ
ԶҪε度ĸһ¸֪Ϊ֪εమ˰ɡ
ε覽Ӵ࣬ε覵ӡ̸Ϻ뻵ϣܴ߳ҲϣĿûа׷ѡ
εҲ
ҹΰǿţȥšĻƢҪԼ治Ը˭
ʮˣòզ
ǿүΪôЩ˻ǵǣ;շ뿪ǰǰıǮⱭСȸΪףǿү;ٰüͷϣ
˵ǮǰӼЩϺ󣬾ͰѴ󲿷ֶǷˡ
ǿү㣬Ҳһһףλ¡̩
ǿү
ǶΪΰǿԸճ棬˫˫/ˡ
ΰǿûǵ˵ǣǷԸһ䣺ȥĽйҲõɩӡ
ΰǿǰʱһֱæ£ҲʹĻȥġ
һֻ۵ķ񣬽մ·Сװ⻹εصȥѡѡ
յһҪϢε覾ϲʤȥ֣˶ͷŵؾϴһ
㣬ǿүӯӯʩ
ΰǿ֣סϡ
ĵһƣȻתΰǿԼ˵㣬㺰ɩӣá
Űĵƺ˶ˣΪŵʧ԰ûڲѡ
ȶƱһǱԺҪúùٳ̣ٺȾƣ帣
ĸæҲٱ㣬ҾǣлǰҵĹա
˼״Ҳ׷׾ٱɩӡ
̨ϲ֪ʱˡ
еǱ˼ۣӴ̨ϵĲŵӧϰ𣿡
ĲҵӪǺӧԴҲһºӧΪӧϰ塱
ӧϰȻԵ̨Ȼǿү;Ӵ󡣡
ǿү֪ӧǰδǹ̨ЩǰӧﳪϹ˿ͣһ¾ͻᱻڴȥӧҲǵǸСˡ
˭˵ǰ˭뵽ǸССŮϰ緶ˡ
ӣε̨˵ժͷɴ
𰲾ǰǱƣϰ壬ϰ壬лλչŵ⣬ӧǡ
Щʶε覵˵ӧòǾޣʶε覵˶ԣӧò𾪡
˭˵ز©ӧϰմɴΪòţ˭˵ε覴治Ѹ߱ĸ˼ģ
԰ε覲ϰ塭
Ŀɿڴ
ΰǿͷӧϰҺͰǰͳ˵ҶˣͬѰ
ںӧҲǷŰȴԷ˿
εһʹ
ͷ˾ƣһЦЦڳ
̾Ǻ˺ܶƣûţһֱһֱȣȵˣʼֶš
ΰǿɨһµİֶ̧˵ӧϰ¼ѣ˭ܺ˿ģ˵ܸսӧϰϿׯˡ
ǿүķǸ޼ɵˡ
Щסΰǿ¡
ŵΰǿһۣ߷˾ƱϽ͵ӧϰͲСˣûôУ
εֵƣЦӦͣǺӧûĽĺø֡ǿүɲҪĽһƬġ
ӧϰ壬ƺȶһʮ˴ǰסε覵󣬾ֽǱƺ£ˣӧϰ岻ң
˵ƾεҲһַֻﵹ˾ƣͣһٵúȶʮƣܰҺȶٱţ
ʮʲôӧϰҪǸһᣬʮҶȡ
˵ţסεҲֱٴνľƺ˸ɾ
껹촽ӧϰιľƣζ㴼ˡ
ǳ
˺ε覶һҲӦء
̿ˮһʶ˿Ҫ֮ǰ͸˵˺ӧǾˣ˽ֱŤҪæһϷʮҲھǿүƤӵµϷӧ
˴ǰãҲŰ
ϧץε覵קߡ
ΰǿʾȥԸ
ǡ˳ȥ
ǻŰصɱϾ¾ɢˣ԰Ҳɢˣﻹûɢ


52 
󱻰׺ץסһ˲, ε覾Ϳ޵òˡķʽε
εӣűץʹ, Բ, ˡ
İʵ㣬Ҫҿ𣿡
šȥ
˼, ûϳ
ε覵ľѾñȰҪ, Ŀǰ״̬ԣ΢ֳ״̬Զֹ΢
Ҫ³ͷ, ȹҲ䵽ϥ, ˫ְڳװҪŻµģ˭˶Ĳ̡
ͷϰ, ҡԼܻȥ˵ֱˤ³
һֻڵϲƤ
վŲ˵, һԵİе㿴ȥˣŮܲףֲȥ
ε覹ڵϣᡣΨһĳ, ֻаˡ
ڣַ˳, 
мŰ۵ľ룬εѪĳ, û, Ҳû㴦
𰢾ܹˣ, ʹ
ֻҪ밢һ㣬ð࿴ԼۣԸ⡣
Ʃ˿̣㰢Բ㰢ƨɣҲ֮¡
һξ룬˶˵ʣ㣬Ķ
󿿣ӧϰ壬סδ
ε覱һðͰЩԾĵַ
ʮӺ󣬰վĵڣӸ¸̨׾ͷε覣סֵطҹȥ𣿡
ε覴ְóԿףźǰǷֱĵط
ӧϰ壬ҲưܲĵңҵĽš
ûԸε覿űߣίҧҧϰ嶼ûһۣ֪ţ
ϾҲԼסĵطһֻۣһۡԼ˵
̧̨ףҲ߽˻䡣
űûжĵʬ壬ûͷûǽɫˢľذ壬ɳȼҾҲȫµġ
ߵһſڣĴ͹ҲµģڰҵķҾơ
ε߽Եһ
ľٶһһδʹε覡
εսʤԣܲ˵شס
˵ҵûбҲࡣǶңҿ𣿡
ӧϰǺ⣿ҪͶͱɫˣҲҸֵˡܸģһŮ˿ɸ𡣡
εƴҡͷǵģġȥҿɱͶͱ
ҵ¡֡ĸ첲Լÿ
ҲţҲšε覱øˣҪ֪ҶȥҾ͸лǰҲùĻš
ӧϰ壬Ҳͷˡȥ֡
ǰҺʱҪǰҪʲôãε覷ס֣ץŲɣԲĶԲһΣһΣһν͵ĻᣬҲһĻᣬòãòãòá
˾ôá
ε覵ġòáҲΣһλӦûеõ
Ұ㣬Һð㡣εǸŮѾ˵õӦˡ˼ĺӧòãȫ֪һаŮˣΪУҲ벽
뿴ʹĻţһôܿõأ
ǵļҽˣǵľӽˣмˣȥһۺòã
ֻˣѾһˣٲҪңôȥ
㣬㿴ң㲻ҪҺòã
εһ˵˺ö໰ɰʼһԲʵشǰ
˽ţСֵأһһսĴ
׵ˡ
ûж㿪ҲûлӦεζ̵ģҲǿġ
εϲΪϣ
ȴ䳰Цһݺݵε覴ҧһڣ˫ץ۵ӣ쳣/˺
ε覱ͻġ/Żˣֵ̧ܵǰɴ۾Ǿ֡
мعǣӧϰ/ҵģˣӧϰ岻ϰ߱Ů
Ȼ
ȻǺҡ
ȻǶԿ˵Щڻ
εͻȻЦˣ֣¶ڰĿ֮£ϰϰߣϰһ鲻дˣ
мŭȦסļ򱳿ԼһֻӲء
ֻûƺһȴκη
εҧŰΪûйϵԼ屾ֻģԴûϵ
һʱʧ
εָֻ̧ġ
ڴϡ
ĵƹ⣬ãùε覵壬Ҳùı顣
ε覵հط̡
Ѿ̫̫ãûĸоˡεֹסز
Ҳ§סں˳ĳͷ
ڣʱֺ꣬İ֮/޼ˡ
Ұ㣬Ұ㡭ε˫ԭע˹Ƿ棬ֻа
ӧϰ壬ȷʵ˼ѵһ/仰Ҳ˵
είˡ
жİ˺ͣΨһܽұ͵ıһ
ΡΡ̧˫ֲ֣ͣڰӣֻ㣬ҵҵ壬ֻ㡣ԹһңΨһҶ췢ģƭ㣬աңҵ
ȴסĴûʲôŲŵģ£ɷ羰ĻͲҪ˵ˡ
˼֮һǧҹҹε覶ǿذˣίʲô˰ˡ
ֻҪģֻҪԸá
ɢԼעһ䣺ˣǷڴӢϣ
ε覣Һ͸㡣Ƕ˵黰û𵽰ãʹѵ϶ĺҲ䱾
Ǹδ˽е֣˵ޣεȴͻƿڣûϵİҰ͹ˡ˲ңҵĴӢۣԶԶֻһ
²˴ùԹԸұ졣
ϵ£ε覱Ūúۣ۵ġְԼݣҲְŪԼ塣
ˮظϰʪգҪſң
ݳͷԵӦӧϰ壬֮ûοԣҲûбҪ̸Ρ
˵
ǣͺá/ɫϵ͹ˡ
ε覣ҲԼ
Լֵסε覵/󣬺Լε覻йǷ
֪˶ã˦˦ĸ첲ޱסε覡˺ۡ塣
Ǹӧϰ壬ûơôãҲˣҪ࣬Լȥϴû˯һϴ
Ÿأͱε覴Ӻ汧סߣҡ
Ҳȷ뿪
ε覱úܽ˲ʪ˰󱳵ĳ£ߺ㡣˵Ҫһģô˵ôߣòã
ж೤֪Ҳ֪
þһЩΪкܶεһ
ڣһ죬ۡ
ΪϣΪ˰ԼϵĳϴɾҲԸԼǳʯ֮¡
Ĭһǲ̣ε覵֣ȥϴһ°ɡ
ε覱ȥԡңҸ̫ͻȻ
ϴ󣬵úƣϴԡһӦȫ
ԡˮûε覵壬Ҳ˺ʪ¿ȥεſڱء
ӧϰҲ
áĳε覵ġ
ȡ¹ǽϼӵëմˮļͷ
ëû־ˡǵõһϳﰢʱ弸覴á
ıкüˣε覿˵ۺ׷Ī
ڰϣ
δһ㣬ƭ㣬ҽþȥ㣬Ϊ㸧٣㳪裬衭ĸԸΪκ¡
ͷ
޾ıУǻصȥ𣿡
εı಻Ĺ̵Ҳıûȥǰߣòã
Ļ
תε覰ܴ֮С
֮صϣεǰԲŪˡ
εҡͷûϵۣһ㶼ۡ
ģڴѾõǡĴϡ
ǣǵһڳʱļᡣǣ/ԣҲǱ
Լ˰ɣ
һǻζĳǹεСĻҪлү㣬ǣҲûܻŵȵл·ţҴžͲˡ
ǰҲεţ
˵ʲôˣ
˵Ľרһҳ飬ϵûʮǲܷŵµġ˵ĽȫõˣֵҲҪȥ塣˵һɩӲǽϣǰϵõˣĻͿظ豣֤˵ɩ󷽵Ůˣ㡣˵ˡˣŰһǿү׷֣ǿүĽ򡭡
˵ε̧ͷȥĴǿүһǶܰ㣬ȴġ
ǣԼأû˵͵ģ
Ľˣ
Сε˵һᶨġСγڸԼ
кööĻ˵Ҫһ仰ǣһǺӧҲε覵ʱѾˡӧǼ٣εҲǼ٣Ҷĳĺһֱһֱġ
ε˵˺ܶ໰ڽ£渵ž˯ˡ
ε֪Ҳ֪ŲԼ˵ġ
ؿڰĻļѣӣظա
ȥͻǾ͵Ͽһΰɡ
Ͱʯ԰ֵˣǣԼˣǺ谭ӵˣҲѰһˡ


53 
, һû¶ȡεڴʧǵŰµֽһһ顣
㣬ǰ
ûгƺ, û
, ˵һ/ɫϵѡ
, αӻ, ԼϴССĿĺۼεʹ޳
һоֻһ㺰Ǽٵģ۲Ǽٵ, ҽҲǼٵġ
, Ҳûаˣǲǣ

ͬһҹ, Ĵ۵˯, 𴲣ȥ˳
ôǶˣ׼緹ɩЦʵ
ɩӣֱ˷, ãǰʮܵĿѶֵˡ
һЦҲûڳ˵ļӣǿү;ƽﶼϲʲôɩһЩҲ, ѧ˺ܿ죬Ҳ, ²ǿүθڡ
ɩ֣ʹʹ, ǷˣĻ˾ˡ
ɻ, һҹ˴磬ꤵġ
͵ĺɩĶԻζһɩͲˣ˼ҹ뿿ɫĳ˩סǿүθ˩סǿүġ
ϰ壬硣ɩ΢΢
㣬ˡߺһǲɩˡ
ǿү죬ʲôԵġ˸Ƿת߱˵ɩԶͱŪ˽ҡ¥л
ͱ˺̣˺ӧ
ڴΧȹɩ˵ɩ˵⼸ҶңһҪĿζҴ֡
СǿүͰϰĻҪܳķ˵ĻȻҲҪ
æСʱԶ¥͵ķ䣺㣬ͺˡ
ɳϣɡ
Ľݰ㳢ûбɩĺóԡ
ģ
ţɵؿģǰ£಻
ÿӼͱһڣ̡
֪ԼĿĴﵽˣԣȥźǿүϴˡ
ںӧεһ£ԾҲܺõǿүͰġ񡱣ºûȥӽε覡
ǵ֪εʱȥ̼߶顣
ȵε観ˣǺεһл֮顣
ʱεݵòӣ޹⣬һûлǣÿսҲٵÿֻΪ
Ǻӧ
ǺǼΨһĳͣͬӧҲøѡ
ٺӧŵϰ壬¿ָźӧػš˵ϱУʵǰġ
ΰǿǰǮһüˡ
սǶӣҲûͷ¶ΪƷȥ̺̽ͺӧ󲿷ʱһЩ߻
Լġ
ȥɡָܿͣлˡԺҪӵӣɩıְĻʲôı
ǣļסˡ
ͱζǰϳԵģ̺ͺӧ͵ζ
ּһһڳ꣬ҲϤζ
ǸŮ˵ζľ֮͡ȥľԼղܡأ
εңҸô죿ָԼô죿һǣһǰϲ㡣
С죬ˡ
鷿ΰǿڡΰǿ棬Ҳǹ¼ҹˡ
ʰôЩˣ𣿡
𣺡㣬Ѿˣǰռ鲻ѣԾû¶㣬ǿү鱨˲𣬵ҲͷˣҲѷɡ
ҵģǺϴ·
½ϵĳû
ڰҺԺ½ʱҲ½Ϸģ֮ضЭϰΪˡ
˳󣬻صһЩҸȼǿһҡ
Өѳ¶ñӣĶӣĴС¶Ҳһû֣һӨ˷ӡ
Ҳˡ
ۿϳݣпܳɱ°޶¶ԿҲˣɲˣͽɢ˰ɣôȥˡ
·Թѻܵͷڹꡣѡ˱ϴӾһıľˡ
½ϵĳ𣬰һҲûܽ·жҪȪȥ½
ȫ뿴ģӦҲǽ·˰ɣ
ַԸǱߣ˰бҲ⴫
ǡңȻָӧϰˡ
λǰߡ
ûʱû˻޶šòӧϰ塣ˣӧε覣ǷҲͶˡ
ȻʼھƽʱİÿĵҲȥɵˡ
˴ɱɱ
ֻϣ·һɲĳ

ڵȰܼƻʱһڹ˾ͼҡʵһ죬ͷ񣬶ɢ
·˺ε覹͵Ҳ·˺ε覲㼣ͩС
ͣ͡ļ棬˷ǡ
Ԫ㿴Ǽҽ̣ȥþöûˡ
ãȥʲôҶ򡣡
üǰһһŮ˵̶ԪСţ·¡
ǰһμԪСţû뵽·£ʶԭԪĹ顣˵̥ˡ
ϰ壬ˡ
Ǻǣϰ壬ԪĳסѾǻˡ
ϰסʡһˣӣҲðʱ仨ᷢ˺ССϰɡĪǺӶˣϰˣʧƫĵΪǻϰŹݣϰ/ٶӰɡ
ԭԪ谮Сʱֱ棬Ҳûˡ
ҵļ£ɲðϰʰɣԪõ
ϰԲӡ·ͦŴӣҲ֪ǵڼ̥ˣ廰ǽǣԸźӸǰȥ¼סԹԪؼҡ
ˡĳֱԣǶλͶϵǰȥҲԲ£׼ö¼ء۷ķǸ֮Ůࣿ
㣡·ŭԪ¡
ϰ壬ҪΪãΪССãǿ԰ȰȰǸȥ򰲾ҵҵĲҵ󲿷תչ̽/綼лȨĸӼˡοӻСҲΪԼ˽ȱ˸ǵžۣʱǣҲΪ⹺լԺסľ䵱ɷ븸׵Ľɫ
֮ΣϰҲ̫ˡֻǶĿθڵúܣҲãʲô¶ʼգ档һᴫϰ⣬ʱҲϰܴЩľ񡣡
Ȼ
ͶиｻģҲͷɢˡ

ҹһ£ԶԶһ·ҵķš
εÿסڵңİȥֵȵˡ
һ˲䣬ε覵ľͣΪ֪ʱֻǰ
ſʵҽ𣿡
εס֣ݹţشӱסҲĻϲʲôʱ򶼷㡣ֻΪ˵㡣
ûеɡ
á
ڿϳԼĶˡεɳ£ؿһŷĽ˳
̡
εŵζſڿһû˵档
ӹȥ죬֪̣ȴǵһμԼǰ̡ԼվǳĲ˰ա
ε覵۵߲߰οԼʲôҪأŻԼߣԸԼԸԼ棬Ķˡ
ѼֻС룺ҹԶ˲û٣ȳԣӡ
̧ۿӵͷԣһʵʲô
ε覵۾ģֲϹӡ
ǿ޹ʲô
ûûޣֻʱѬһ¡ε覲ϡ
޾ǿˣʲôġ˵͵һװ·𣿡
ε裬޵ݣæȳԣȥˮ˯𣿡
Ŀ䣬ƫͷӧϰʢȴֻҪܵˡ
ȻȻȡ衭
ε΢ЦңǿԵġԣ˷ţʰ
˵ȴƵģ첽תϴ䡣
Եúܿ죬ε覶ԡױʧˮҪûԵˣڷ
ķعصˮͷһϷȫףźϴһӧϰӦҲûɣ
ãҰε̧־Ҫȥⰲ·
ֹĶַŵԼڣֱ°ϲ˲䣺뿴ӧϰȽԼġ
á
ʲô˵ãҲãҲáΪֺң㾿ܲҪֵز
ε覽·ֶ˼룬ּ½⣺ǰΪ̫٣лˣ޾ϸֻҪ㲻ϴշҶů/˯Ҳ
Цίӧϰˡ
ίأһε覴չʾԼ壬˿Ťתȥⰲ·գΪһ˰ˡ
룬ӧϰ԰ĳε覵°ͣһΣصҧסĴ
죬ѻƪ
죬ô/
ε観ʹȴһֻ㽫·Ҳ⿪ӦþͲ˰ɣ
ϴԡУرʵûεϿһۡ
ϴصңӣε覿Լϣɿ˯ȹҿš
˵㲻εŮҲǺ̵Ů˭أţ
ε覸Ľͣӵһֵһˡ˵ô࣬ƭԼˣͲ
ε覹ӣһߴƮ䡣Űͷָ/䡣
Ӧ˰ڿյĽż⣬һֿסĺԣճһֻ֣Ա߹ӵһ롣
棬ֻƤܡ
һץסֻóڹ棬µֻƵǳšȦ
Ƥڹ˰ע⡣
ͣ˶Ťͷȥ
ε˵ҾǸ˳ִˮëûСѾͷ


54 
ϵƤûһͣˡɰԴڴ״̬, һضֻܣŬԭĻͼ
ǡ
ôССѾͷ񾹱Լйް/š
ε, ת, ҡ
̫Զ벻ֻƤϵĻ, ǲСѾͷģ
ָ, ˫ۿסε覵ͷε覵ļϣΪԼ/޲Ϊеպޡ
һ̣ŵĲƭĻŮ, аСѾͷ
εϧظο, ıķ, ԴӺСʱ, ҵˣҵҲġ㣬ҲǷκ, ҲûҪˡܻж೤ҶֻΪһ˶㲻ҡԭûϵֻҪ, ҲûϵҾ, Ҳȥ
Ĭ˺һ, Ŵӻҵг룬ε˴
ƽƽ˯, ɻ˲ôƽضȹ
ǲˣ㣿
ϨĻȼգ˳ε覵⣬ԼʣԪ֪٣
ҽͰĽˣ֪𣿡
溣
εµĴ̼ҽܶ꣬ҵׯ԰Ͳˡ
ʲôʱͱƵĴֽ
п/ֻڼ䡣ֻһֱ˼ͥͺӣδսڼ䣬ǸҽߣСҲǸҽųġսԪŴң߶һźӵŮˡ
϶أ˾䣺
εƺһץŰһֻ֣˵˼ȵиҽʱҽԺŻΪġҲǸҽҩŰ壬ûʲô
ͻȻϯ
˶
ȴӴһиֻʣ¾뵡
ӧϰ廹Ҫ𣿡
´Σ´κòãε覲Сġ
˯ɡ
ͣˣ§ε顣
ε覸ո˵ЩٽԼ˵ǣԼ͸溹һƥʱĸССϸڣѼӲԸ񣬱ضҲǶԸ溶ĵģûˡ
ʲôεת࿴ֲҶ
룬˳Ӧε覵˼첲ɣʾת壬ӵôԪǸ쵰ڶ
ҽֵáҽ㣬ֵáε˵ĻǷĵߡ
⼸溴ǵԹ޻ڸǸû˺һΡ鰮ͻҲᶨƵѡ
ǰʵɿĸһĺܣﰲסƣﰲչԼۣٿ۶ᾡȫǽܵСԼ溺඼ֵӵİ

Ԫ˴λɲֻΪ˴СŹʵΣǻصġ
еƬأλв滷ˮ뻪Ӵǻʴ󷹵꣬һͷַ
/Ԫ˿ڣֻҪܸ㶨סĲǨһƬؾͻ㿪
ԭûôͰѾǿز뻦ֻŰëĽáԪ̫ɫ
ںΰǿһΰǿǿزȥ/̸Уʵʩѹһɰȥסڸ¾ɲˣھܾԪһĲǨ⳥ٴͷ֧־ǿزֱ˫ṩסķ˫³ɹغƬصĿӪȨ
ԪŲǲƼҵĿɽò˼ӵǰ·
£һʮŮˣʧƣһһŮܲ
ټϣ£溸ĸ鱻֮ڳۣǽľǲˮȵĿ´ˡ
ڴڼ䣬ҲԼ˸溡
絽ĸ溴ŰɫŷʽɴñŵĺŻ衣
Ȼڵ绰ﲢδ˵ͼŮ˵ĵиԼ沢Ϊε覣Ϊࡣ׼ȷ˵ΪԼ֮Ĺϵ
֮ǰȥ˷ϰ߶̷ϲǧ˿
ŲϣΪεʲôµʱͷ˻ᵲ۾ʪ˻ϣ൱£
溰裺ϲɺأϰָֻӢˬ緢״̬ˣؽ鲻æΪС
˲˵£ӧ֪Ķ˵ˡ
ǰϰóʲôۣ
ҽʲôۣһĲˮ裬ҽĶ
ôȣҸӧ˵ϰҲӧز鷳溸ε覿ν󰮶õĿˣڻﻥ
żɽɣֻһ䣺뵽ĺģýʲô
⣬̫ѻشˡ
溵·𱻶סΨָĦŲ豭
ļԼԼĹԼʳǲ⡣ҪƥƼңȲ˵ԼŮܲܵõƼϵϿɣԶļҵ׿϶벻λۡ
Ҳ̫Զˡ
౾ϲϲûֺϲϿһ˵
˺üӣŭ䲻޵ı
ǡЦһ޵ıǰϰأϰеıΣ㰮ˣĵıʲôó𣿡
İ裬⣬
溺һǸʧˡ
ҽղ㣬ʹΪԼӰҲԼʵĻ𣿡
ҲûŬοЦѾԼ˾꣬ȴһԸҡжִж߰㲻ǲ
һҩɡҲ踵溱Լ⣬ϣֻиһޣõ
ʲô˼
ƣʺϡΪҪҪ£
溿û˵аգҴϻɴˣӸ߸һҵϲƣٶҺɽһ䣺ףǷ޺Ҹ
һ뵽Լ̬ȣ溾ҧгݣ͸ǸڲĵŮˡ
׹ˣŮ˻µظߡ
ƫƫô꣬Լݲ뿪
εڼ䣬ն˿ȥΪκֽһߣԪ͵檵
Ҳǰ취Ȼ⸵Ķܵġ溣ҿԵ˰һΣɣԴϲܣһɢܱ˲岻ĺãΪأ
Ҫô
ڣĸίھƽҽѧԺеϵȥǱߵҽƼҽѧоǹȽģҵչ洦
Ϊ溻ῼǺܾã뼸ٸ𸴡ֻӣ溻شá
Ӧôɴ࣬ʵҲ˰ɣ
ۣǼٵġ
ǣ԰ĿǰʵһԼǿԣʲôĵأ
溵˲ˣĸˣм˺Լ
ת۾ͿʮˣֺγΪԼһγȥش
ǰˣϰ岻Ҳ𣿡溶԰εط굫δͺõ״̬岻ϻҲﲻʲôʵʵæɨǰѩɡ
ղ̸ҵ¡
Щ˸Уȸ˲豭Ĳ裬ߵҪԪǲģһƽҡ㣬ҲὫ͵ǰ
ллǧ溴ʱҲֻ˵óлл
֮ǰȥɡ޳˵ĴμǴһ棬˵˵ټҲûлټͺúõءؼһɡӣҴ绰
ſϿˡ
ֻʱ꣬ԼظǰޣԵԼܱ΢
ƾʲôҪ΢ذţƾʲôҪҡβĶаῴ΢
࣬ҵĸ飬ҵԴʲô
жǸжûаɡ
Щֻҵĵסһع⣬һ߲ûˡ
࣬ҲΪˣҲΧתˡ
˵Ұ㡣
˵Ҫߡ
ĲҸ˷Ƿ֮롣
ûô˽رֻһ䰮ҡҲзɶ˻
࣬пп޵ĴڣǾ͵Ϊֹɡ󰲾ỤССİݣǮƣһñҸøܵ

պ½լʩϣ򰲾㱨Ľչ
лϺзֱͽ˾ӣҲ״ݾˡǱţԼǿү̸ļǡεҾլķӦ͡
̸ԣ;ˡ
ǡ
Ҫг⣬磬˴ҡеһǰһоͶ̸ҰܻŻȥСһһ䣬ǾˡŶˣʱǵѣղҲû£Ϊһ죬һ
ǡݻŵãȵһ֮׵ǿү֮޲㣬ǿүҲ˵ˣЯһв˦ˡҪٲȰǿɾͲܵλˡ
֪ˣзִ硣
Բ𾵽㣬ԽˡҲΪá
ţ㡣
ˣˣεˣʣһȴûľǡ·
Ҫ߽⺣ѽ·ľӪĺһһͿգý·־壬ý·Ͷ
½ϵʹҪý·ӱ
Ҳҹӵ˸溵ĵ绰ϰ壬ѾҽԺύ˴ǳʣҸĸҲ֧ȥƽޡǱߣҲˣһ䡪ǰ̽塣
áҽ˺󣬱ΪԼŰɡƽǱţиصŸҽ
ΪԼţҲǰ԰ǧĻ
͸˸溡ĿĲǡɢǡ
ΣԼԼģԿһѡԼ۲ϴţǵţ˭Ҳˡ
ңңڵס溣ӦҲܡ
͸һǰ̣ҲǰΪΪġ¡ˡֻеȸ뿪ˣԼ⣬˭Լˡ
࣬ҡ
̫ãΪԶߣŻô޼ɵ޿ְɡ


55 
Щûȥε, ڸ˵Ҫȥ󣬰ҲðźȺȾơ
õ͵Ҳװİ, Բδε覵ע⡣
ڼ, ε覶ꡣճɴȥſ˳ӣȥӡ̺ϧϧ, Ӳޡ
ܴпȥҵÿһ
, ȵԭˣٴȥΪǵļң͸ҸĿʼ
ε覺ȥԺϦҲȥӱɢİ, ֻǻ, ҪģǺÿһ졣
24Сʱб, ǰȥֲȥĵط
־, õı
溵ľڴæ뿪ǰſ˿ε覡ڰһš
˱ˣû˵ˡ溸ε覲ᡣ
ٶҪɣжѰ, 溽㣬㵽Ǳߣ˵ľдŸ, ֪ôҲᶨڸдš
šлл
εҡҡͷҲԭ¡
溣ǲ磬ȥƽ
ͱˡⱲ, ȥƽ, ҲǵؾƽչҲŻȥ
޼漦޹湷, ⻹ûءŸ溵Цϵĳݲɢˡ
߸溣εڴſһƵĿ˴߳˲Ǳˣǰڡ
ҲǡߣǸε覺͸溳ġ
ŵĺӧε覵ϢͰͲסˡ
û뵽ӺɨصŮˣȻһ¼ĸŮʲô
һ˽ҳ˹װҪˤε覷
Ȼһֵε覣Ѹײڶ֮ƣСﳾȥ
ڣİʮӶε覽ɡ
ڴڵıڣӧϰأ
ӧϰ壿ӧϰղ͸Сȥˡڻһ£Լûӧϰٽ
˾㣬ӧϰ屻˽ˣεߵһܽ㱨ǿĳһһгȥ·ǡ
ȥе˳죬ȫǸң

Сʱʹùҵİڡ
Ҳں޷ˣ/ԣһѩǰܣ;ӣͽѰùݴսپ
Լ¶ҵð⣬ε·õرϣȻѡ
ƾôӶ˿
ͷɴҵˣЬҲ¶ҵˣ챻ģðڷŹȴֻܷص
ε覣ӧһشսǸúӧϰ壬εС㣿
ءεƴ뷢ǰˡ
꣡
ڽָε覴ϣ߿㣬ĺȢޣεأҵˣεǸ϶̫ˣҪڼ/ˣҲˡȻˣǾŮĸծӳɡ
İֶĵϢε覾رۣ˫ֺͰڵϵ˫ѾճѪۡ
ڵһֻǰУڣܿͽ⿪˵һ̿ۡ
һֻ˳ϥǻϣ˺һ³ȹڡ
εֻһͷǾ
ָԼܰȻӳħˣֻǰһ֮
Ŷ룬һ߷ε϶ֶŵİڡ
ҵŮˣҲҶ
Դײǽϡˡһ˾䡰/ġ໰ڿ˭ȥ
սսһֵ̿عſڵϣûĵ㣬㣬ҴˣҲˡҲ֪εεҶС㣬ΪΪǸŮ
ŮϵƤݺϳ˼¡
㣬һΰɡңҶ췢ģһʹǰǣŮˡ
תε覣ͷӧϰ˴ɩӴ˴ʲôûķϣɩҽַ̧һɣˣˡ
ε覵챻ëס˵˻
Ҳ˵ԳٳûΪ
ڰʱ͵͵ӱһѾ򰲾ĸ
ڰӦݣ˶㿪Ҳʱ̧õֻ֣˲䱻߷ɡ
û˷ͼε覵ƣָε覵ĸ첲ͱһߵڵأ˳ּǽߵľ̴ơ
һҽ쳹䡣
סں󣬰򰲾ʾ㣬ôã
šüڣǰʣ޼ˡɱģɱ
˱ۣڵһ/˶ϣԣúˡ漴ַԸſڵˣʰɾ
˽֣õ˰סε覵ļҲ˵⡣
ε۽ǹᣬڿǰӶ룬ʲô취Լÿһ㣿
ˡңˡ
ȻѾ˰󣬵ε覻űơ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪðٴοԼ/ĳ棿ò׺ͰĹϵͣΪ˲̣
߽еӣðɣ
õ˹ģε˽Ļס޵˵ʲôûġҲ࣬Ҳ࣬Ҫҡ
ûˣţš
ε˾ֳô󶯾ºٶǡ
ǲزסˡ
Ǿֻܰε覴ؼˡ
öסε覣εȴӲ֡
ҳһƬ
ǡ㡣
촩Ķ̿£ڲסεȫչӱεϣұȥ

ص¾ֱ˽Է
ΰǿĶû˯
ΰǿ鷿һһʮ˵Ϸ¡
Էڣε覷ŵϣε覺µ֣һˡ
ҲߣֻЩҪǿүǽӣε覵̬ȱǰغ̫ࡣ
ãҵ㡣
ſģݣտһ
ףġ
鷿󣬰ȥš
ΰǿȼѩѵݸԣ
ûӣԶɳϣɣϰ߳ϲ
ջ֣ΰǿתеذѩѷŽԼһڣ̧°𡣡
Ұѻյ̫꼰޹Է٣ȷΰǿָԼε覴ؼһ£Լ·һ£˵׶Ǹйء
·Ϊ˻ͷ⼸Ϊȹ伫νټ޹ʣǣңƼˣ׼ṷǽʲô͵ĵáʵûҪҲڹ۶ϱ¶ߡ
˵ߣΰǿҲĽӻؼˡ
ΰǿԼǲͬġ
Ҹ·гģΰǿ
԰Ҳû˵¶ҲǹǿүֶһȥδҲ̫Цˡ
֪Ȱס㡣ΰǿӳóһǹǵ¹Ϲϵ͵عǹǹСɣ죬ٺ̶߱Խԣ˲ԴŸ㵽һѡ
ߵǰݳǹҵģҪվͰŮ˲غáٶȥðв׼
áллǹҲվ𣬡ͱȥˡʲô⡭
ΰǿסļͷ˺ü¡
ʤ
ڷļʮʱε覾û¹أһֱϥš
ĸ˵ҲֻǼ򵥼ֻӦ߼Ĭ
ֱŰת߾ֱֱſڣʽ䱸״̬½ģİ
֪ǰסĵطϤߣµǲľԱ
ȷϽȵİƿܹȥǽס

Ժ󣺡Ҳȥˣϴ˯ɣá
Ҳεֱҡͷ
ĬĬ˳䡣
ȥ꣬ĶǺӧΪ˾ӪʳԽԽǿһ棬ԭİǰټ᲻ɴݵŮҲչֳһ档
ӧ;ϰ壬ӦҲһ˰ɣ
õԼҪģҲźӧյõҪġ
һϴ裬Ѿ˳̬
ϴڼ䣬ʲôƸҲûɾΪʲôûε覻ûʧ
ԡ/Ӹոϣε覾Ͱԡ۸¶ˣֲ̿ȥǰĴ
°ֻüܰůĺ£ŻʵŲ⼸κͰͬǻһΡ
ǳǳǣε覶԰İ
СèС㲻·ȡԼûаȫУǲ£ͻЩЩİЩ
Ǳɡ


56 
ε覵, ׾Ťת˾ƣСŮˣ˫¡
ܺü, һֱε覶ͷϵ˰̡
, /ε覵ǵҲ˰̡
, ҪԶǵҵĻ, ҵģûҵ
ˣ, Ҳɵˡ
̰, ε覾ƣߣоԼ嶼ɢˡ
Ժ, ı˵һʱ, ҪһҪ£ҵŮˣϲ֮ͽвİΣȥһȫĵطСסһలűȴҵ˼𣿡
һΣ, εȫޣͷŰףһ, Ҳ鷳
, Ȱȫ, ȥ㡣
ǣǲʱ, Ҳˣ
û
ǰЦЦһЦεȴִ⵱棬ָϡ
ҹ˾Ũʧã̸ξˣ̸μ¡
ôܹأʲôλãԶԶļϵĴӢֻۡ޲ã㡭ҹҹϸ衣
С̧һѡ
šεת/̣ٴԼæ꣬ȥһطȥòã
ûлشҲûٸ˵໰ľ
ˣ
밢ϴؼ˲
ôȹˡ
δиӵǡ
Һð㣬ϲ㱧ڻεץŰǼ̵ķŰʪ/ȵǣ·ص˵һΣ̰̽Լʱĳ
ָһ·ε覵Ĵߣס
ģȵζ
ε覵հ̼/ǣֹһγġԼζ
һҹŰȷӵ˼¡ϣҲκһᵽĸоҪá
ΪͰϵ໥/ˡ
峿ͬ͡
ε覲ϼ㴩·Ҳڵסĺۼ͵Ц
ε촩·ˣ飬˵Խĵ·ε覲⣬ֻ봩·
ʱڴë̫ȣҲֻĳܴףһá
緹صԷ´һС͵һˮ׼Ƭҩģε覵Ķͷʵۻ˯ţѡһ
ϴڲ֪º˻а//ҩˮȥİĵطһʹԼΪʲôҪ˯š
Ȼѡʱף롱֮ܳʹ
Ҫιҡ
á
ҧסҩƬιε覣ֺˮɹȥˣٺ/ཻǡ
űţε覵Ƥʼܡ
ڴϣӴͷȡһīɫңŽε
ΪİȫǱ߱ܣȥ㡣
εָ£˽ָĦڷֱĶʲôʪ΢Цʵţҵ㣬öȡ
͵ԼһζԭԼˡ
´ټǾ˼ɵһ˰ɡ
Ű֣ڴ飬ε˯úܰȣζġ
ε覣˿ʱ䣬븵溳Ļ𳵷һͷͨƼҵĵ绰ڼҡ
費Ҫȥվ͸ҽ
Ҫ
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ʮʮ֡
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󣬰Ͱլ
ͣԻϲûйˣǱʮ֡
·߽ĴӣǸƣ˵ӣƴ˵
ڻ͵λǿԼ־ֳǱΪġ
ΰǿ뻦󣬵һʱ/һ/ƿģѲҲͽӵҪзϼָ
·֮ĸ˶Թֳжš
ǿѪծѽ
Ųɵ·Ӳôףʶڽ·ѰӺЭʱϼѣȰҪô뿪ı·Ҫôʹ캣ְɵΰǿˡѡߣʱѲֶһֻ۱һֻۡ
ƴƴƴ·ƴΰǿȻҲŲҳˡ
ɶԷ򵽼ſˣʧ˲ٵ֣½
ٲȰҵ͵óɹ˾ˡ
գ·ǵԼ
ı֤ţûһ
ټ£ʮˣǮÿ˶ǹ㿪
¶͵ģֻҪе̸졣ȴ룬Լĵص㾹½ϵĹǰ
ͣʮ׿⣬ֻһ˳·һһҴǰ
ϰǺ⣿·ð亹
˵үͣҿһ£ҲûԺ͵ĿܣֻҪ½ĹǰŪ׼õ򣬡үҵܵܿͷٿµ꿪ǹֻҵܵܵѪծǻˡүΣ
㣡·öͷҲ亹ŵܣ򶨵̫
֣һƽأͨլһ·
żз⣬ܰԽǰԽý·񾭽
Ŷү⻰ǲҵ̸ˣ
ޣȥ/ġ
࣬Ҳ򲻿ȥġһڻͻ첻ȥˣֺαȡ裿ֳģβ֮ززˡ
û£㲻ǰֶ̧˶ʳָ
ǡһڣΧĵȫ
һԶֹʮˡŵģСͻ
·״ٴУ/ǹŰһս
Ҳ/ǹ⡣
ԷǶҲ
ȴЦ㣺սҿû˵Ҫսұ֤ŻȥֻϧүԼС˻ŻȥĻᡣ
˵ţָ̧һȦʵҲûתأֻҪ㰴ҷ˵㣬ֵܣԻŻȥүôɣѵһֻ־ͻˣ
Ҳ㿳ҵ֡ơ
·óĳ룬õܰϣڳʲôʧǹɾûˡ
һŰǸԷһôһ
ǰ£Ӱڿе֪ˡ
ɫ춯˰ŮˣȻݲɱ֤õġ
ץΪʡ
ߣмֻŶȾˣ糬һñȸҳֵܸҪ𣿡
Ȼΰǿ
׼Ҳȷˡ
㣬ѪֲǶˣֻлˡ
ԣҾѪЦŴ/ǹ·ǹүҪұȱ˭ǹǹһǹˣͲһֻµˡ
·󺰣죬Ѱڴ
ϴĺ˷׷ڱ廨챻£ԴҲźڲ
ֱ˱ǰȡͷϵĺڲĲ
Ҳں˿ʱ½нΧס
һ⽣ŵƣӦôµİɪɪధ㣬ң㣬㣬ҴˣҲ;˻죬Ұˣ嶼ûѶңҾһˡ㣬㣬㿴ڶҰֵķϣҰҲ裬ԣʹˣҪҳ£϶Ҳˡ
飡
˭ûϵһǹĻǰһǹĻȵõܡڡ
ûҪ򣬶Ͽ˸
˷׷׾ǹָڰϡֻðһ˵Ĵ󺰴쳹ɽ䣬ȴ
˵ģѪƳһ۱ڵϵİڣת߻ص½ϵĹǰһڣһĵ˵·㻹еѡʱȰһ롣
ڽ·ĵ֣ѿϵĻ֮̿ɫ
ʲôġ쵼ߡʲôǶ˸Ž·ֻǺٻڷԣ˶ѹգʵ۷ڽ·Ĳ˸
껦ӴΰССɶѲ̲ˣǴծԼһЩϰĻɫҵǴɱɱ
Ҫ涯ֻǱɡ
оЩ˵ʱλĵֶţʱǹеɿȥôľôأ֤˵һëִԲҲҪŽ·һߵڵĻ
˵ŵͷ˿ϵʱ䣬ֵҪôڴ˴һgҪôȥԼϡͷˡҶǻϵģǿү;ϰţԼǵţزҶͰɣ
ۣⷬźۼüͷ
ּڴͳһСڽ·ǰ˻Σһ£ү⣬˻жʮӳʱ䡣
ǰεģһöѲֵػա
ڻؽŷɥĴͲ·ˣҲǺﰵ໥ĺڰγɵǰѾ޴ıɡ
·Щ˴Ӱθ߸γģΰǿûñȡ
ǽơ
˼Ӻǹ
үء
үԲ𡣡
㣬ǣЩͽҪɱǣ
·Ҫǹ¡䲻һݽϥϣǹֱӵűߣͶϵԺ뾵ǿү㣬ӹա
һǹָšͽƺҲеͶȥ
½½ʮǹȥ˿ڣѵȵңңҪߡ
·ȴûŹһץסףѥذ׾һҲһᡣ
үү㣡ңңڵĲҽڶ
·ǿ֮ĩ뱣һ·ǯƣľϣһߡ
ͽˡ¾ȫҲǸͣͲǽľˡ
ΰǿһǿߣҲ쵼ߡ侲δѣ˳ᢣʲô뵽ǰ棬Ҳߵǰ档
ҺáҺΰǿĵˣҲҺΰǿŮˡ
ǡ
½ǿҲиŻŵˡǣа裬԰Ϣˡ


57 
Ѷ, ûۿ·ôģҲûжҪȫڵΰǿֻзִ硣
ҹ, ûȥε, ܾûˣ, Ҳ
֮, ҹȻҲţ
ʱѾڰˡļ˵С鲻ѡ
ԸٶЩ, ǼΪǶר
һ˺ȶû˼, ɣϰ塣
仰, ھƻʱ, ڨ˵Ļ
ע⵽ϲһ˿˿ӡǳġ
ץĸ첲ˣ
ȴ͵س֣ʲôˣǻѰ̼𣿡
ڵðֻСһյ, ƹô˿СƬ
ڹңŭдһʡ
ʲô
ҡ溵¡
ЦλʳָһƣҲ, ҵлл㡣¼ҹ˲ҵ
ʲô
Ȼץס󣬼ɫ, , סĲˣų㽾, ϳԼһΥ׶˲ö顣Ԫ//̣ΪʲôһŮס
ſ˦ǣ㲻ųõʲôˣĲһֻʲôˣ
ƿԡ
Լһʧߣƾʲôָֻأ
͸Ҫٵʵ⣬ȵԼֻ಻١
ǣҲɵӡ
Բ࣬Ҳ㣬ֻǡġҺѹǶǻˣΪʲôȴûһ˵õҸһӢţա
һߵƣһ߿ЦǰҲ֪ΪʲôΪʲôǾͲҸϱӴ̫ɡ
Ӧ𣿡ʧһƿֱӶȡ
עӦմ˷չȥһյֻ˭
׽֮ˣʣࡢΰǿˡ

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˾ƽ㣬㣬ոƼҴ绰˵СͻȻղˣȥҽԺˡ
ͬʱȴֹȥˡ
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Ҳ㣬ġ㲻𡣡
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ֶ߳˵ŵȶ˼ʱȥӧʱգҪˡ
ĵͷġ
һ˺ƾƺȵ賿ȵʱҲˡ
㣬ȥİæһһҽɳϷ
û߳ɫŵܽ˰磡
ʲô£
˿˿ʡµİµƣƼҵСС㣬ҲǾĸŮС꣬˽ٳˡ
˵㣡ľһ
ķԸǰѰȥҽԺûˣҽȲȾͿԼ컯֪ƼҲΪСүȥҽԺ֪СС˵±һİײٳΪʣֱ˶¥ڴ󺰣ãþȥȻͰСС¥ϡȥ
ģĽ㣡ûߣһµҲæ˹ϰ绰㣬Ͱϰ塣
ͲĹ
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㡭
СŮ

ҹȺƣʺĵذ壬Ҳһϴ˸ɾ
ڳⶼ캳صĴţ峿ϱģֻһϢ
Щڱܺѹ˵ǸֽкõϲѶ
۲գܾſھ͹Էĸ蹦̵µĺ
ͣѲֵܾġǣĶˡ

Ƨַסʮε覵ûеİģǺ̺ġ
ӧǿүؾƽˣҺͺؾӣ˵Ƕƽˣɳ룬Ҳճȥš
ģ˵ҡ˵Ļʳԡûȵε覲ߡ
ʳԡ
һ˵ʵȥ
ðɣ֪㡣ĹЦֻص顣
ˣǣϵľɼͦصģûΣաƽҽƼȽҲ˲ΪþõõƣտǿүȻؾƽˡ㵣ģԲûҼ㡣ʺ̡
ε覿̣Ҳͷ
ͦǶأʲôûΣգôܲأ
ģǲ
ĵ֣ſǻʲôʱߵģھƽľסַǼҽԺĵַһ֪ɣģȥƽǺòãˣҿչҪչ
ӧ侲һ㡣
һε覣ֻֽĸ֡ҡ
ε覿ֿϸǸǰڵյͬġҡ֣ǰıʼ
ǿȥģȥȷûҲģһҲ᲻ǿүȥȥòã
ۿҲˮǿű˵οİ˵ˣжˣܿͻġӧȥ⼸ֲûȹ㿴ҲڵȡΪ˾ܰˣٵһֺη
εôĶһҧ֪ǵס
ȥ˰ǿүס¾ӣķ뿪ʱһģһͷӶһǹġ
ıûκθйصѶϢ
ڰķסһصңҪļԼһ˯Ĵͷͳͳ˾ӡƬһѹ˲¡
ӣһĺԺġ
ǮľǷǮ
仹ʮ򣬵Ŭػҡ
һ˾ӣµģҲڰ󣬾޽ѧУС
㻹ûסҲûʼ
һҪ
һ
ãҶȣҡ
һû˰ε覵Ҳص˺Ͱطǰһߣңţӡ
ȥ˱ƽĸͬϢȫޣ˵ûдűƽģεûյţҲ֪סúòãûи档
ڼ䣬δšε覴绰ʺݷãؾ
ҽԺǳȻΰǿѲֺѹϢֳô죬ǶյˡڷѡʱһãҲ˵©ġ
Ǹչһ£ε覾ƹ˿͵Ŀ˹ڰΪȸŮõܰвһһġ¡
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˵ˣˤˡ
¥ʱĿǳѪĵ˲ࡣ¥Ҳ峡׹¥ڵһʱͱѲòˣԶ۵Ⱥڸûü˭
ЩܴģҲֻһģĹ¹š
εҵӴ˵ģĿֱ֮˵˵˭
㶣ǰڣСƽ£ҲֻˣԲȥƽ˰
ε覲š
ͣؽȥǶ
̸Ŵ˵ͣӧСذɡ
ε覲ģ޺㣬㣬𣿡
ֱε覿޵ɤӶˣҲˣż
һûϵɣ㣬˵ʼ޷ԭ㡣Ϊ֪ѣûԭµˣҲﲻˡŮԲǲпޣ㣬ҲǱŮˡŲ֪ھƽֹһ֪ǰݵλͲҪʲôŮûУǸɸɾĴҹѡãһ糾ŮӣʲôʱȥȽϣ䲻ִԹˡεҲãӧҲգݶֻ
ε覵ɫ׵ˡִʵңֻ֪áòã
ӧͻȻ˸ƺŭǰûڣ㲻úܺΪҸô࣬ô࣬ͦˡ㲻˭ĸӹƷ˭Ͳܻ
㣬һΣε覿޵ڵأͷ̬ץĿţˣٰһΣֻҪû£ϲ˭ԣҲȥţҲš
ӽ㰲𣬾ûһˡ˵תţ̣Ϳͣ

ʱҴߣε覼˷֪Ů̷ʲôо֪Ժôİ̷
ԽԽˣ쵽졣
ô·꣬ộ̵û
Ժˡ
Ժ÷ˡ
լգεҲȥˣԶԶģִֵǿү
ȥǿүΪʲôûиһڵΧ
ΰǿ
ֻһۣûͣϳˡ
ε覸ڳ׷һΣûͣ¡ֻϣȥѯڴļˣһ֪Ψһǲκ̤լӡ
æȥǿүסǶӣȥա
صӣ̵˷Ÿ
дģ
ӧˡ̣ܲһҪʵظ㣬µҲˡء
ݡ
Ҫˡ
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ٲҾġҪȥƽˡ
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֣ˡ
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֣ա
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㻹ᶪ𣿡
Ĺ鴦
ϣģĹ鴦
ҵĴӢۣҵˡ
ţѩˡ
ε۾Ӱ̧ͷüۣıǼ⣬Ĵǡ
֡
˯ըëԴεǰ˹˯
ε観غúúãٶ˯ȥ緹Ժòã
Ծ֣ðҪιҳԡ
εԺӣѩݶ͵˱һ㡣
վѩУ̾ŶԸճ棬Ҹˮ
ʱ꣬˻ĵһѩ䣬Ҳ˰աõķѼ˵ǰҵĴӢۣտ֣
һΣһһһڵسһ棬̵ĶԳġ
緹ϷƵĴͷһźɫϲ²˭
˭أεգϵؿʼ£ǡؼҴүϲǡڿϱˣѽ͵ȥƽҽ˽˰ɣ
ѽıӣ˭ѧģԽԽƤ
û˭ѧǰ㡭ڴϽ̵ġ
Ķͷϲĺǿү޵Բ¸´ϯǰƽμӣˡҼСڲٳǿүĴˡٲףҵ/Ҫۿˡ
ε覿ϣ֣ЦҧסĶ䣺ڹСҲʶ壿
²ӣûûе¡Ҽˡ
ε죬ſϣӡǲǲȢˣ
ô᲻룿ĴעлˣһֱҵޣҲһ¡صĻȫ£𣿡
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