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ϵͳ尡Ҫ״½
壺ʧٵĵ¡ңΨһĴҡ
ħڤҹʵڳٳٲͻƾ磬ǽԼʶųȥתͶ̥٣һ׮ծ
˵ǸСЩѾ֮⣬ħſˡ
廹ʣһ񣬻ɱħ
ÿŵ׼ʱ¡
1v1he˫
ϵУʦƪ
ݱǩ Խʱ  ϵͳ Ϯ 
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һ仰飺Խҳ֮
⣺Ȱ


1 
š濿ڴϻŮˣŶͷϵ亹
ޣҶҴСҶҲͬǸŮˡ
ڷ˽磬ֹϵס
Ǵ磬棬нʶ뷲˲ͬ˳֮Ϊޣ½緲˿еˣʵǲһȺʿУΪгһ֤
ͨǰϹŽ磬Ҳ硣
ʿΪһĿҲǰշΪ𣬹ʶͷ˽಻ͬ
ŮӣҪΪҲŶŮǾǹ֡
Ψħǣħ
ҶС㡣ȵҩ׽ҩ͵Ů˴ߣС㣬Ⱥ˰ɡ
Ҷǳͷ򴽣ҩСں¡
һιţһСںţ֮ûбĶҲûκζ
ϸԵЩˡ
Ҷҩ꣬˲ǣе׷¡
ޣЩӿˡ
Ҷڣһ仰˵꣬㿪ʼȵüҪӲˡ
üͷ壬ڻ˳š
˵úϢ忴ҶսݣǰʱҶҲǱǧС㣬ؾΪ˸ҶѰҩħϮ䡣
ҶҴ󲮱ıҶҼλá
ǸλԭҶģҶҴҶطҶΪɣļԼҶ֮
ҰԾΪڣ˰ϵҶƫԺǰɨϢĵط
ҶϵˣõճС㣬ȴϵ
ޣԹҶȵúһЩץ֣ʳ仰һֱתƺע顣
ûй¶沿ҲֻǷΪľҿԶüˡ
巴ס֣Ҷϵ¶һһ죬ƷϵҶϼĽ׿ԽҶҴС㣬ʮܽᵤҶ
ȴز
Ҳ˵˿Ǻζϧɡ
ҡͷҲԹЪš
ȷʵԹ
ûм䣬ڱҶҵ֮ǰһȺһÿջһڳԵĻܻڶգĪ
úأʳ²壬һС飬Сӱһ·а޶ȥˡ
ҲΪҩҶ
ҶҪ׸Ҷң뵱ʱ𣬿ҲѲҶҴСɻ顣
ĿΪ˳ϲ
ʿͬήһͣݱҶС
ͬгһҶСˣȴҪʱ޿̲߳ϵ֮ʹ
˱ͬĴۡ
Ϊ˱Ҷľ֮ĸԸĴӦҶСΪܹȻҲҪġ
ʶ˶ͬģ˶ͣҶС㽥˹ֻˣҪÿϺõҩš
ҶʱѰָܹİ취ڹżҵҶǧټѰϢ֪һؾпк
ֻ֮޳Ҷؾħ˰Ҳزˡ
Ҷ£ѹñ죬Ϊ´ʣڴߵЩͨ鰬Ѭϡ
ЩһǣҶѾ˯ˣŴӻ谵ʪִùζķ߳ȥ
վ£ŰСԺµϸ꣬鲻
Щ죬ҩǱҩѾƷƷĲ۵ӳõµȴƷ
ûʶ޷ֻʿܽͬʶҶҩΪϴ裬˸ӵα
αٵУ㹻Ѵʿˡ
ȴ޷ʹЩǸˡ
Ҷң˿ڵҶС㣬ЩâɵҶ
û˰ΪǸķǰܣԺҲܡ
ҲȲϣǵҲȲϡ
ҶСδ˿ҶСỽһޣ䲡ʹȴҲů
ҶСһˣǱ
ɡƫԺйƫɽȥҶҵҩá
ҶҺܶ࣬ʿĵط߹ЩطѾʱ
Ҷҩõĵӿˣ۵ӷ˴һ𣬼üŪ۵Цš
ֱӶţⲻǳ԰׷ķôҩˣòǳԻ˶ӣȡҩ˰ɣ
ҿµ̫󣬸λٷ˸ܻˡ
ˣţٷƣ
һķֵӷ׵ˣҩ˳ϵ·Щͨ۵Ӳһһ壬һЩϵ
ҩõҩͯ۵ӲͬҪ߹ࡣ
ţʦ֣ɾЩλǵٷˡ
˿ѣȴЦŹ
ţڷ׵ѣֻܰſŲȴԸߵ硣
岻ϲ˶ѿ࣬ҲԼɫ
ϲҵÿһطϲҵÿһˣҶСǸ⣬ҶС˲벻ҶңҲ벻
ҶСҲûκˡ
ţҵʦȡҩֻܰʦֵš
˵ʦ֣ʵҩһСҩʦΨһһϰˡ
ȻҲǾһЩ
űʦֱţҪһЩᵽʦ֣۵Ӳ˵ˣţɫҲӲ࣬ŭ
ɼҰΪʵ˵һҲֱҵ֣ţӣ죬ţʦ־Ҫúýѵѵ㡣


2 
ס֣
ţ׼ȭʱһʵ˹
۵ӿˣɵӣϱ鶼ұֳֻľһڵĲҩ
ţĶͣͷŴҴҸϹˡ
ʦ֣µġҲѵѵˡ
ţ첱Ӵֵرš
˿һۣ˵Ǳȱʹģ㻹ȥٷΣҲȱĴģзʱ򣬱ʦֵĲ档
ţЩĻţһģæܿˡ
Ϊ̫أܵû˼ߵÿ죬ʵǻÿԡ
ûϺ˵ǶЩǽҶҵСڼҩȱãЩҩþ£ҲĺݣͷеӣȲصĻɫ򷢳ȥ˾ǡ
һȺ϶Ҳӿࡣ
ʱſ壬ٷˣ
úȡҩҵֻõЩĪҪ
ѾǴˡ忴һ£ȻȲƷҲǱƷһЩҩġ
ǰͬƽҰͷܵûн졣ң̾ϢߣҶңҲĸչˣϼôע⵽ˣ
ֻ̾ϧƫûؼίˡ
ЩݣȴʹԼûУûΪ磬ȥҲ㾳ء
ֻǣ䲻ȴҲǴ󹫵ġ죬˼ȴ˽޾֮·壬ҲĪҪǰ·ǰˡ
лˡ廰࣬ΪҲΪ壬⸱Ӹסദ˲֪ǸȵģˣǱЩòȻľҪദ
ֻǿϧû
ҶСǱ벻ңҵûȥˡҩԼĺɰȡһƷʯ
ƴǣ˵֪Ҳףʯ¡
Ҷңͨ۵ӣÿǮʮƷʯݡ
һƷʯǰʮһٶƷʯ
СҩʦһµǮҲǰʮƷʯö鵤ˡ
̫ˡ˽ͣ㲻ˣҰǲͼЩġ
㲻£»°ɡʯŵϡ
룬ˣĥһʯȥһЩҩֲҲѧ˵㱾£Ժ󣬾ʯøһЩҩˡ
ˣ˿Ȼˡ
šʯ߻ȥʱȥɡ
ɽ
ʱֻ̣ñȽٶȴɽ
ˣ忴սʱⲻ˻Щݡ
ȥɡ£ҩѰҡĿ뿪ȿӰԺ˲ȥ
崩ƫãй԰صƫԺʱƫԺųţﲻһ
ܽСԺ󣬿Сݵŵģ˲ֱӳ˽ȥ
ֻ˵Ҷߣǰ뿪Ժ󣬲һĶˡ
ϴ·ߵغ⣬ɺʹʣҪҩѹơ
ҩһЩдƷԺ˱ûʲô̫ãǺ°ʱܺһЩ
ԭΪʹ˯ñȽᣬ˶Ժϱ˹
ЩḡĽŲԲŪģҶҲž
Ҷң˵ʵ̫ΣˣѾĳЩ˵жд̣̫ϣϣϢ
Ը⣬κ˶š
Ҷܿ˰СݵŸˡ
ĵǱˣҶҵļ˵Ҳֶӱġ
ʲôҶȻʣȴΪûʲôԵƮƮġ
ЩηΪĿĺǣ˿鸴Ӽˡ
Сùã㻹𣿡
˵Ҷ󲮵ŮƽʱҲܵõҶطļֳ裬ǸǸ츳̫õģҶطϲҲǿмֿɰɵķϡ
Ҷû˵
Сһ΢һĺӣҶطճŮС꣬ҲֶŮ
̬ȣûаҶù
ĻҾͲ˵ˣֻǹùǻҲǻùõˣҲˡͬҶˣôҶԴȥУȴӣʵ˷ˡ
أҶʹЦչ֡
Ҷ㶣⸱ģԻסˣһ뵽λ֮ŮǸòķˣ㲻ٺˡ
Ҷֱ׳˵ѾˡջҲûã罻ʺϵ˰ɡ
ʺϵˣָ׵𣿡
ҶҲʮ꣬ǰҲҶ͵ʱᵤš
ΪҶҲмҳУ׾ҶҵļҶǸĵӡ
ҶΪļ˲ٵĵҩǰԼΪ
ھǿŵҩű˵ĽȿЩҪʱвһڻ˲ٵûʵ壬ҲӦϣֻܼõҩ
ǰԼ֮һԾΪףɽȴ޷ٽһ
ͬ˳͵ҲĽˡ
Ҷҵӣƾʲôֻˣױʹ޵õҶ˹עҶǿҶ³̫ġ
㲻ϽͱֶŮ·ˡⶫҲòϣҶҵӡҶ˵գҪҪȥҶĵץڻеĻ֡


3 
ҶСͼס㣬ǵĹùð
ǰǡҶվڴ齱߿ҶЦˣҶҿɲϷ
Ҷһ֣ǸСƿ
ҶףǸСĽףǰϵ⣬һŮҲҶԵŮ֡
ʶƿֻĮȻĿš
Ҷܿ죬ɵĽֶ˳

ҶȡԺӸԲ̬ˡ
ʱСݵűƿһӰҴҶ
忴һĻֻ˫ĿʹǰȥסҶҶС㡣㻹𣿡
̽һֻһЩ
СùãЪţֶŮˡ¸ҶСԣϣСùҶ֣Ц⡣
Ҷվסȡ
Ѿǿշ档Ǻοࣿ
ҶĻ𾪣ҶҶҶС
ҪʱȴסˣƫͷҶ
Ҷߣȥɡ
ҶС㡣Σȴ֪Լ޿κΣѹԼĲޣҲ»عڵȻ
ҶһȡԼĴҲãȷʵá𣬻Щʺ㡣
Ҷ˹ȥ忴ûֽӹ
ҶͻȻЦˣ˵Լأ
Ҷ⣬ֱҶֽӹĴҶֵˣлˡ
Ҷ˴ĵشŻ뿪
ҶշһϦأѾ˼ʶȻıҪٱշǷǳѵġ
ҶǺôҰģ游Ҫȴ޿κεĶܶˡ
ҶߵʱҶСҲ뿪ˡ
Ҷ÷ĨȥҶıʶ򿪴˿汦١
ҶС㡣忪ڣȴûʶ޷ϰҲ֪ﵽЩʲôΪò˴
ҶţĶ٣˵ȫҵҲֵܵϴˡ
Ҷδ̳ˣҶһСжټҵ׻ġ
ķʹԼܣʱֻԹۣסҶС㣬ķҲ˶ȥˡ
ҶЦ˵ҲмֵȷʵˣͬΪҶˣ콫շҲ͡ǲܣˣҲֻշת
Ҷúܿ㲻ҶˣҲ˻
ҶһЩʯȡ˳ʱΪҵҩķ˲٣Щȥɡ
忴ҶݹʯƷʯʮöƷʯ
һƷʯŵͬһöƷʯ
һöƷʯֵͬһöҵƷʯ
һöƷʯǰöƷʯ
ҶС㣬Ҳá
Ҷ֣Ѷŵϣá
ҶһˣЩ뿪ҶңҲиıǮ
ҶС㣬˵ɥ岻ҶСѵõĺˣ˲Ӧñ
Ҷ˵ʲôֻϧ־ҿ
ȥҩ̡£֮ǰҩȥС
ߺҶѾ۷ͿˣľֱӻԹȥ
ֱҩιҩ֭ԺҶתѣһСֻʹ
忴ɫùź󣬽Сʰһ漴˴
ո£бһ߱塣
ϱӣǽסͼΪҶȡů
˺ҹҲ·һ
Ҷڷ彫ϴţͼůһЩ
ȿȡ
ҶС㡣忴˿ɫѾЩˣҶС㣬ȥҩ
ޡҶס֡
ҪĶסĿ˹ȥ̫òһ£ָմȾҶ顣
ֻķʹ飬ҶСʱղˡ
Щ飬ҶĶߣҶС㣬˵ʲô
ޡҶҡĪҪٻҶҵԹһЩʱաȥҶ󣬸Ҹ׵ĹʽҶƸĿ䡣ҵҲмֽ飬ҵӣȥҶЩơ󣬺ùɡ¸£ҶҺСԣԽ󣬿䳤Ҳˣʱһͬ뿪
ᣬ۵׽ʪ󣬡¸£
ˡǻ¸ˡҶǿ𴽽ǣȴЦ̫ǿˣסֻ֣˵Ҳġʵǲİ
ȥʦ֣Щҩͺˡ˵ձҪȴҶס
ҶʧЦʱ㾡Ҷ֮Ҳ޿ءм
֡𣬡˵ֿݻȥҶȥѻҪ
Ҷҡͷ֮ǰԣˡѾĴҲһͬҶңԭҲȡ㣬뿪ҶҺҸֵ̣ˣʯҲ㹻񣬿ȡ
ҶС㣬ȱ˵ˡ
¡Ҷ˻˵ҶȥˣЩʯҲ㹻ˡ
屧ܿҶ岻ˣ¶ȡ
ҶС㣡循㵣ֻϲţ㲻ˣǺˣ
ҶЦɡ
忴⸱ģͷӿһ뷨
磬᲻ҩ
⸱ģӦҶСĻʱղ࣬ʼعⷵˡ
ΪǻԵʣֻȼһˡ
彫þȫ£ڻץסƵġ
ʱˣȥǻ̫ˡ
˵Ļ彩Ӳס󻺻ɿֱۡ
ҶҲ˵õһЩϢʱ䣬ݲҰףЦúͣôҲǽᵤʿһ⣬ҲܳŸʮ£㰴˵ģȥɡ


4 
岢㰴Ҷ˵ȥҳϣȻѾ֪Ҷʱղˣֻ߶
Ժȥһҩá
˼ˣЩ졣
֮ǰƵʣӦҪÿһΡ
ôھˡ
壬ʲô鷳ˣЩǵع
ҡͷʲôҲû˵óʮƷʯȫҩ
⡭˾ȣôʯ
ǰҶڵʱÿҲǮʱܹɵóʮƷʯ
ҶҵˣóʮƷʯ˸оˡ
˵·ҩɡ
á˼Ը⽲ʰһ£Ͻҩװȥɡøҵʯһҩֲҹ˵ѾƷ׸һҩ
򿪿һ£֮ǰֻƷҩֲڻƷġ
лˡ
ȴǺܸмˣڣҶǻӼѡ
˵Щʲô
ȥʱվɽȻűһҩ·
ֻһΣҶҵһλү
վס
ҶλүҶı磬Ҷ꣬ʮꡣ
˫ϵľ߽ס
үʲô£忴ǰ꣬Ҷ˼ҵı磬кθԣȥڼ£ʧִһλԪӤܵͯӣԪӤȻһͯӵ˱ȴܰݡ
ںμֹһΣҪúμҰѺθԽȥμΪ˱ס͵Ҷҡ
ҶλԪӤ򣬻һλڵļҶҿԻúθ԰ȫ
ȻڵļѾؾˣɻλԪӤϣһλ𵤺ڵ¼Ҷڹ³Ժյҡ
θԴеֽȣǰӱҲװþ߰ˡ
壬źǸҲܹ˰ɣѵóģ˷ˡԣ˫޹˱үαͳأ
θһ˵ţһ߲š
үأ
ΣС
˻ͻȻоͷһʹɫٱ䡣
θҲԽ˳ӵŮӣ/ԽǴһͷģȤ
ӵϲθߡ
Ҫܣ֪ΪΣʶнӡŷ
Ȼûκηǿֱӽչֺ޷ĺθԸֱƷɡ
θˤڵϣոһ˲䣬·оһǿԼڴ͸
δָоѾٹһ㣬ڵϣϽ𶯵ÿʼʹС
ʲôθǿ̧ͷ壬ţҽʦүҽʦ졪
˾ţ˲ȥ˼ԼΪʲôֻܽںθ̱ڵأæҩֲ뿪
ﲢƫƧθԳᱻ˷֣ʱҶһ͵ѵá
ҪϸϻȥЩҩҶСͻȥнҩҲҪ尾ҶСҩܺһЩ
գҶСָһЩˣҲԼּҩ
ֻǲ֪ѵõĴҪʱգҶСܲܵȵ
ʱ䣬ϣʦܷˣԳչһҶС㣬ЩʯԽиʦ֡
ڻȥ·ϣ˼ϵĸ֣Щ
صƫԺСݣѶԺ󣬸Ҷ˱ˮȥҩ
ޣôˣҶոѹЩˮԺ󣬱㿴ҩֻͷ󺹣һӡ
ԥţ֪ò˵
޿鷳ˣҶԣ˵˵ɡʱղˣδɢ㣬
İ취޷Ա𵤣ಫ
ץס֣ûСûҡֻǵ㣬·ߵüˡ
Ҷ֪˵ѣȷʵֻǻһЩǱ۸ˣʲô£±˷ˡ
ޣͬҽһһգһաȿȡ
Ļԣһ߰˳һ߿Ц㣬ˡָô죿
Ǳҵģȥз糤ϡ¸¸з糤뿪Ҷңȥ棬ҷݻƣȥڣҪܶ۵ӣڶԴͣǲ۸㡣ȥɢˣɢȻ۵ɢޣ״½ֻҪǴ֮ˣԿȥɢѰӻ
ȿȡ
Ҷ˵̫Ļֿ
סȹˣס
ޣɢݳһͬ˹ħˣΪѣ̹ҵżȥѰٻչһЩġ
ҡͷ˵ˣҲߡ
Ҳǽڼ̱ȥֻǴ㻹ҪΪعôҶЦʰһ£ȥɡòҩҲûʲôͬˡҲߵ顣ȡ
˵ĹҶˡ
ֻһιģҶط硣
Ҷطһ˹ҶڲûֻǿλմͰس
󲮣ô˹ʲô£Ҷ
忪ʼڣӦЩҶС˵ҲҶС˿ڹ
Ҷطɫ˵Сˡ
ʲôҶ֪Ҷط϶Ϊ淸ʲô¡
Ȼ᷸£Ҷ˵ܲܰˣϾټҶõˡ
ֻû뵽θԻ
Ҷɫؿ壬Ѳɱģ
ǸģҲûǸθȻǸҷ֮ôҲ߽ʿ
Ӷ򲻹ɱ˺θԣ
飬Сߵ˵С壬Ҫȥ顣Ҷط̧֣վ˳ֱӽֱ۷ס
Ҷط磺ߡ
ȡҶѹ¿⣬Ц󲮡ҰȴαްΪθԵҰкθϵ
ǻǣҪ˲֪
Ҷûһû֤ݾͰ˴ߣΪҶҼǺ簡


5 
û֪ԼᱻҶץߣԻ·Ѿ˼һС
û뵽θԻʧػ˺θԣǵ̶ȵôɱ˺θأ
θ
岻֪⣬ҶҵҶط磬ȻǱΡ
ֻû뵽ҶСΪ˵ⷬ
ҶС㣡ЩżҶŭҶط硣
Ѿ䵽زˣҶҲκˡ
ĽŵǣҶطȤؿֶҶЦ˵СֶŮû뵽ߴһˡ
󲮡ҪĶһ㡣
ҶĻ˵Ҷطɫʱˣ֣˶ȥҲ˳ȥ
ҶطҶߣǰЦеıʱʧˡ
ҶҶ׺ҶҩżȻ
ҶЦҸ׻ʱұҶμкϡ棿
콻Ҷطܾǰʹ޸׵ƫģǳӣɸƫĵܵܣкõԴǵܵܵģʱڻ̫ĵֺڵҲǸ𵤺ڡ
ڿɺãܵܵĶŮΪԼһҶ㣿
˭ûҰģ˭վڶ֮ϣʿ޵ٺãҲһ˭ΪǿߣʵΨĵط
ҶԸ㡣ϾЩҲãǴ󲮣δҲ̫ļˡҺţҲٻأֺα˿ƣ˵ףҿͬͬҶˡ
Ҷطһ˿ݣҶĻ˵ûѾݷô꣬ٶȵҲ޷ֻ޳κǧ򻯽˭֪ҶûĻԵ־
Ҳֻһԭһ֮ǰȴʱ̫ˣõڵҶòȥ
ˣҵȲˣ
Ҷطֻǽ𵤺ڣ٣õҩӵҡ
Щ̫ĵҩڵۣѾٷˣ˵Ҷ˭ߡ
󲮱գҲû˵㡣ҶڴϣóҶס
ҶطȲ˹ȥһ߷ףһߴҶҩżó
ȸף˳ĳΪҶ峤ԵõλԪӤϵİҶҽءڵĵʱԳԪӤ
ҶطΪģҲö˶˵İҶҵŮŵֹطĿĲýЩʵ
ҩأҶطףҩżҲҡ
ԡֶŮҪ󡣡Ҷ˵꣬һԡ
Ҷطȥ˱ˮݸ˵˵ֻҪϰѶĪ˵ʮٸҲ⡣˵ףҶҶˣ㲻ˡҶҪ˼̳еģѪ״󲮣򲻻ẦҶҡ
ǡѾûԵˡҶ˻һҶطıѱ䡣
˵ЩʲôƭСѾͷֶסˡ
ԡ£Ҳ򵥡Ҷ˵ˮһҽжˣȻ뿪
ǰҲΪĥĥӣˣҶһһˡ
ҶҡͷЩ˵˵ҲûҪֻǼţܹӦ
áҴӦ㡣أ
Ҷ˻Ҷط翴ӱ㿪ʼżִһ䡣
ҶҶƲӣ䳤ҲҪڽ¸±ҪȥʱҶұֻһ˿Ҷҡ³𣬻պԼҶӵܣĪ¶â
Ҷ֮ǰֻмһڣһֵܵʮԪӤʿʶҶȻԪӤ٣Ҳڹ³в֮ء
ڣ䣬ҶѾȺǻţʵڲóȻͷʱӺҪ
󲮵ӣǲӣ޲һҵôܶء
Ҷǹ³ңʲôҶطȷ׼ҶҵСԺ󣬾ȥμӹ³ǳٰĹ³ʱҶҺ󱲵ӶÿףһˣҶڲ֮ء
ҶҲڶ˵ҶطˣȰ˵ûõġ
ֻϣҶϲ󣬵֡
ҶطҶɫ㺬ŵͷУҴӦˡأ
¡󣬽ҷᡣҸǰѣ뵽Ҷ˵һȣסȴΪȳѪ̫࣬ҲӽЩ
ҶطЩ̣ӲӲ
ˡ˵ˣҶ㡣ҩżó
ҶҡͷҿԸ㣬ΪҶˡȴŲ㣬ħģҷ˵£һħţΪ޷һ
Ҷطɴ˫ۣƺǻԼݡ
ô˵󲮷ӦµЩڲƭҵģ
Ҷطüϸ룬ӦҲûʲô
һµҶûҪһ׸֮ΪѣοֻǷ뿪Ҷһ㣬Ǽ򵥡
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ҶͻȻץסòڽ֮ġ
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ҶһһҶ棬Υߡضϳ͡˽ߡɱȡ
Ҷطͷһ
ܴӦҶ۾
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λֳ
ҶطͷΪض档һ㣬ҲԴӦ㡣
áҶʧȥڴϣ۾һοš
Ҷطϯض龴һһģƾ𣬵˳ƶ
ħĳˡڿԸˣҶطվ֡
Ҷóһż
Ҷط緭˿üͷ𣺡Ϊʲôֻһ룿һأ
ֻһ룬һصҶĶһҩҸΪ˾ңǼҩһ롣
㵱ûУ
󲮡֮ҲƣߣħĶˣֺοƭ㣿ȿȡҶѾˡ
Ҷ£Ұ޻ߺŰɡˣ¡ȣܰġȡ


6 
屻ͻʱҶѾʧȥʶˡ
Ҷ֣˿Ѿ̵УնͷǺ̡
ҶС㣬ҶС㣡庰ûеõʲôӦ
ҶطԱ߿ţŤͷҶΪҶСҽʦɡ
Ҷط̾ˡ㣬һ̰ɡ
ҶطȻЩѹࡣ
ѹΪʱܵܵпɣֻǺһжˡ
˭뵽㲻㣬ΪܵıǶ࣬ŮˣҶվ䵽ϰ
Ҷط뵽Ǳ˲ɢȥ̲סЦ
Ҷط뿪ԺƫԺֻҶ
Ҷȥ֮ǰûҩȡһּˡ
ҩ֭͵ҶĴߣһҶȴ޷¡
ҶС㣬ȵҩɡԽżͼȥҶĴ꣬ҩ֭ͽȥȴִǾ˳
޷˼κιȥ
ֻöҩ룬סһ֭׿ڶɸ˻ιȻһҩȥ
ȡȡ
һӣҶˡ
ƺЩ죬ڴ㶳
ҶС㡣
ֱϤںҶƫͷ˹ȥޡˡȡǿΪ㣿
ûСס֣ʱЩңôôˣ
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ĻұҶҶֲǰ鷢һؿˡ
ޡҶЦˡ
ʹһݣɫҰף˿ЦҲǼÿġ
ȥоѾʼˡ
ҶС㣬ҶС㡭ȥҩȥҽʦ㣬ҡվ
ȴҶץסûʲô廹ǸоˣֺԼ
ҶС㣬ȥҽʦۿˡ
Ҷʹݵģ̾ռޣ޶ɫΪżһء
ҶЦֻǣҺ꣬ҴδЦ
ˣұЦҲǵøôЦˣ룬ҶСˣһԵЦ
Ҷǣ飬˻漴ޣһ°ɡ
忴ԿƵҡͷҶС㡭
ޣһҲӦô
ڲ齱ߣҶС㣬ˣӦǧǧ
Ҷ̧֣Ŀڴˣ𣿡
Ȼͷ亹ʵ۵Ҫ˿˲ϣҶС㣬ұ㲻ˡ
Ҷȡ˸ɾӣ˲ͷĺһ°ɡһлͬ˵ޣЩɡ
ᣬȥóһ׺ȹۣ·ЩڿֽƵġ
Ҳ£˲Ҳ
·ҶֵʱˡҲɡ
üüġ棬ţ̫ᾪ
Ҷ𴽽ǣЦȴ۲
Ҷ˵ޡһҪ㡣
˵ڴ齱ߣ֣˿ֻѾʧ¶ȣʶΪ
ҶҶطңҶһΪҷᡣŲ޿ɷҿţͷ߹ˣȥҷǰңЩֽǮɡˣް±뿪³ǣߵԽԶԽá
ԭţҶСҶСĹ
ҶһȴǣҪڹ³ǣҪΪĹޣϱȥϱиҩȣĺ֮ʹ
û˵Ҷס֣ޣӦҡ
šۿͷӦһ¡
Ҷֵڶ¡ޣǸСϻӣװҵһЩЩֵǮĶҶҲǡȥˣⶫҶңضᱻ̣ʱһš䣬޿и֮ˣΨаޣġ
ûӦһڻ̲סֱӿ޳
ޡ
оֻ֣ʧȥ󳹵뿪׹˴ϡ
ҶС㣡˻ţȴҲӦ


7 
Ҷˡ
ҶطԼᣬҶеĹأԼ̳˵ݽҶᡣ
ͣ죬˺µķǰо
ǰʹ࣬󳤰֡
쿪ʼᣬľظҶһҶλڶǰͷһŢϣҲ
صҶҡ
ҶطԼ뿪һӦħģΪ塣
ʰһ¶˵š
Ҷطɵؿʲô
ҶСĸµһЩҶС˵ҶҲףҴߡ
Ҷطļ︡ǸŮ˵ģһ۵ҩѾͷżȻǵۣܵܵ˷Ȣ˻
Ůಡںɷ˫֮˽ڣֻǺΪԽԽС
Ҷˡ
ȥáҶط粻ŮʲôöҶ
彫Сϻӷڰ˳ߵſڱҶط
ţ򿪸ҿҶطʾϻӴ򿪡
廤סҶСĸ׵
֪ҲǿҶط絹˼ֺƢϾҶҼˣݲˣģҪҶ棬Ҳ׼ɱˡ
Ͳ͵ɱ⣬Ҳǿѹȥ
ҶЩҶطǿӲ˹ȥԺ󿴵ĶҶط㶣漴ְСľϻŰһ𶪸
治һĲ˹ģм˻ң߱һŮҲûʲôöڳţֻһĴָСԲӣ˵Ĳÿ
ΨһǸģöذˣҶطҲ㲻ʲôö
ˡ϶߰ɡҶطЦҶߵģɲҶݲ㡣
û˵뿪Ҷҡ
߳ҶҵĴűˡ
վڳŽ̻Ի͵ĸŴ󻧣еʹ建˫ۡ
ٴת뿪
ǰҶС˵ģڳ˸طסţʱʱȥҶСķĹһ
죬죬졭
˵죬ҪȥһΣҪҶС뿪³ǣϱߣߵԽԶԽá
⼸ѾʰˣûдװЩһ󲼴ȻŵĶŽ󲼴ٽһ̲š
ȥҶСʱҲˡ
ãҶСûҶɽ뿴ҶС㣬Ҳ޷Ҷء
ҶɽֻҶ룬ҶҵӣֻվɽԱߵһҶ
ֻһȳϹ۵ҶϵţǰҶСһЩˣʱǳ¼ˡ
éȾƣˣЦЦƴС㰡
š廰࣬ûж⣬ǰҶСǰ뿪߸ЩԵġ
Ҷʲô˰ôն
û˵Ҳûټʡ
徶ֱߣҶĹǰ½Ļ¡
ʱ·ժµĻ
ֻһЩҰֺÿģϣҶС㲻ҪŲӦĹ˵ţҶС㣬ֽǮһЩԼԪһ˹ȥ
˺һŰЩꡣ
ĹţͬҶС˵˵ֻǵòκλӦ
ҶС㣬Ҹˡ岻ǵԼִ˶ãɫڣٲ뿪سǵ·Ͳˡ
뿪ȥ·ſϣǺˡ
ˡ󲻻ˡ
ûзӦתҪߣͻȻסŲɾߵߡ
˼ңҹ¶أǻȥϢɡһ˵ţһȥ
߱һԵڵأ΢¹⣬ϵ
ؿڴһȦ༫ĪľţȴֹһЩЦ⡣
˵嵽ôˡ
ͻȻ£ֻñܿһز
һ£漴ӦķҶСĹ
˲Ͻ˹ȥֻСķǱըһ㡣
ŻܵϷŹκһϸڣҲûԸûпʲôɵˡ
ҶĹߣ̽˹ȥ
ըĹѨΧ鲼ǽ壬ǰĹеһЩƷʧˣĹйײĸƺ򿪹
忴ĹһСֻһȭͷС֮ǰﻹö˶˵ģʲô
룬ֿĹƴȫײĸƿ
ҶСѾһʬֺֻ࣬˯ˡ
˿ҶС¾ͺá
׼ϹľҴȥҶ֪ͨһҶ˵ĹˣҶһ𾯾Ҳ¡
Ͼ¹Ҷҵ棬ҶӦòӲܵġ
弸ƴȫŲ˹ľ˿
Щߵ״طʵڹŹ֣ҶСĹûЩµġ
ΣϵͳͳͳͳءС
ֵ˵ͣƶľĶ¿ţʲôûУֻͷҵķǡ
ʲôڷ˵ȴֲ˵
ǶֻһžһжֻĻþˡ
ϢһּŹ׸ǣһͻȻ񿴵ҶСĻƺи
֣׼ȥá
ոմǶһ¡
ڿǰӰʱףҶС㻳ǸӰʯ
ޡ֪Ҳ֪˻ҵĹʶ˴ڹڣлͬ˵
Ӱʯеɫ԰ףмֳɣ룬һ˵ޡȥĪҪҡ
ſ⣬ҡͷôأǣް


8 
ҶҺһûʲôġΨнãҸľϻһذףҵڵʳ
ҡͷҲ顣
Ҷ֪뷨ƵģֻЦǰ޲ߣٹգĵĹˣҵĽ𵤱ҪЩСޣ裿
ٴҡͷҶЦޣȡȥɡ
ϵĲִľϻȡذףذ׳ʺǷ¹·⡣
оöذ׺غܳ޷ȣµĹ֮޷ҶʬȡΪ
ޣĪ¡
峤һ˼֣ٵĽذױƽҶĵﴦǾڿҪʱֳˡ
ң룬Ը
ҶӰû˵ע˿ڶһ㡣
ۣ漴˫ۣɫСĵؽذײ룬ѸٵĽǽȡ˳
Ǻɫģ鲼˻·ǻϵߵĽ𵤡Ƕ˴˾¹ɢǳǳĹ⣬ֻǺܿ㰵ˡ
忴ö𵤣ǰҶҵʱҶСͬ˵Ļ
ʱղˣδɢ㣬
սö𵤣
ޡľϻеĳĸҵľ飬ȡľҵĽٽľŵҵĹڡһѻ𣬽һж˰ɡ
Ĺ˳ľϻ򿪣泤ȦһľӣҶĽһС
ý𵤰ľӻ
ľȥľҶϡ
պذףȥϹľǣֻû뵽һһƱˡ
֪ʲôԵʣһҶǰͼƻõġ
ޡ
ҶỽһܱѰЩľȼӣȼĹ
忴ǻڲŵӰʯϵӰ񣬷Ҷ˿̾Ƶġ
ˣҶޣ뿪ɡء
ӰʯݲˣӰʯҲˣûжӰʯɾԺ䱦
ˣŲѾľ˫ȣѵ뿪
ߵĹ˵СľʱͻȻסĹߵЩĹ
׷ЩĹ˵٣ֻһˣҲ˵ܲҵҵˣʲôأ
ԳЦأ̫ơ
ص򵥵˸ϴһЩ
׼뿪ʱӿջӭˡ
ʦ֣Щ⣬ô
ɫӣмֳɵʣҪ뿪³𣿡
š
ȥģ
ȥϱߡ
ü˸£Ժ˵𣿡
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šͷڱ߳ڿʳֻǾҶСĹȡʬķԼѾ۵ľˣľҲͲôˡ
ҪѰֻǵˡٺòˣٻˡ֪ȴİ֪ˣŵ޿κˡ
Ҳֻա
˳⽡
ȡһҺһʦֻģûΪͨҲá
һˣȻֵơ
ƴŲգȰ˵ţصΪѰġһ𣬻˺ҲգҵΰοǾž׽٣Ҫħס
˶˵һˣû취գԺȡһƷʯ
˼ϰס󣬡⣬Ҹ·ĵһǶġЩţҲá
屻ȰסѶ
л
ˣҲô
û˵ĬһҲһᡣ
˵¸ҶӵСԣȻǱҵӣҲܲҪȥˡ
šء
Ƕ֪һҲˣһ˶ۿȴ䣬ʲô
ߺ
뿪뿪³ǣ뿪طȥϱߣԽԶԽá
˺ܾõ··ҲˣûΪǸˣееʿһۣˣҲһ¡
һֱȥȻ뿪˹³ǡ
Ժ˷¶޵˼գĸҲˣԶԶһ·߲ˮСꡣ
˹ȥһС·忴ĵͼͼϱע·ȥһһЩѡ
͹٣⻹סꣿСӭ˹
ڿԺ󣬵СЦһЩҲ͸żֱģΪΪˡ
˸ûΪǸ
磬һСŽ׵ΪȻƲ޷ķ
˰Ե
ȡһƷʯ漴˵ӡ
ŰɡСʯȥӳݵϡ
СʣҪסꣿ
忴ɫִ򿪵ͼ˿
СΪЦ·أͬ˵ʱˣסǵϾ͵ǰװɽЪšǵطɲãﲻܣܱ߼Ѷɽ
С˵꣬ͷ߳һŮˣǵϰ
Ůס棬Ц࣬Ҳʲô˶ҲƲϡɽ޶࣬סŰɡʿڿͣã컹һɽ·ˣʱŵƤţôҲܱС˵ǲ
Ĭһ漴ͷǾͿ䷿ɡ
Ʒʯˮʯϰｫȵ˹
Ӵץ߿ʯ˹ȥҪˮЩˡ
˵˵ϰ˵һ񣬡͹ȥϢ
ϵͳУɹ
ãϵͳ001


9 
طʱ̤żʱסˣͷŸ·ĵС
СΪĶͣȻʵôˣ
ûʲôŵСӣ֪ʲôû
֮ǰϣҶҵʱ
¡ƿϵĲӣСûӵȼĵյڱ΢⣬ֻѶһˡ
СЪţȥ׼ˮ
ȵСߺ彫ߣڴ£Ȼα
ЩոһյĻǲʱбķա
߱ĺʹϣͨķʽԼʹС
𾴵ãϵͳ001š
˭һǸ˵ʶסŵذף˭˵
ϵͳ001
ʲôϵͳԽʵ̫ŹˣܷģҲ֮࣬δһ
磬ʱΪʱԵʣļӻʧûϵбݣǷҪ
һԺֻļ䣬Ҷϼ˵ǰƾճڹ³ǵƽȫûƾնһˣҲƾ˵ˣûͷֵǮ
ƽĹҲֻ˿еȼ䡣
ͻȻ֣ԺԲѣһСͷŻԲѵȥҶҲʩѳ㣬Ϊ̫Ѿ˹ȥ
СͷҲ˶һͷ
ǺҲûģȥܻٺòˣҲǶˡ
ǿ
ƽʶˣһ֣ҲЩƣǸ˹ӶľǽͷβܣźܸһԵġ
ֱҶҵߣߵʱҲһˡ
û֮ǰļ䣬һֱΪԼʧˣû뵽Ȼ硣

ţͻȻֵĶ˵Ļмֿأ
ʲô𣿡
ûСҵļҰɡ屾ɻ󣬵ͻȻʶһ飬ȻЦˡ
ʲôɱ˺ƭȥأ
һˣеĻ֮µĽ𵤣˭أ
յڴУܻ̿Щʹ࣬׼
ϵͳ䣬оʹͣʹⶼԴϣоԿҪѿˣǿ˴ʯͷȥǸʯͷԺըѣ𵴵ͷÿһ綼ʹѡ
ͻȻ뵽ɮʱյԴǲҲۡ
ûɮ˭ʱ򣬱Ѿ۵ʧȥʶ
һСڷ⣬һͰˮš
͹٣Сĸˮˣ㿪𣿡
ûа㶯СŷˮͰȥţк
ûеõӦϽȥŮƹġ
˵ңûˣ˰ɣСһȥķ䣬һߺ˵Ż˵ȻǵģҲǰ֮ⶼûУֻǾ鷳Ҫˣȥڿˡ
ƹû˵𵤶׵ΪȻ״½Ϊ㲻ʲôڹ³Сطм͵ġ
ʶ˵˸ˣȻмǳȴǺ̹ȻҲǲΪġ
˵ſڣСţûзӦСƹģң
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ɵڴϣǴʱͻȻ˲ŵµġ
СϽȥԱϢңء
ƹߣ漴ֿס̽һ֮ƹ˵ûʲô⣬Ӧǻ˯ȥˡ
Щˡ
ˣƤˡƹĿһۣˮߣŪ̵Ĺ
鷳ţжȴһҲܸɴˮͰ뿪
ƹĵûߣĲϡ
ƹߺֹ˰ʱ˹
Ժеļ䡣
壬һ磬һСʦǸϡܶһ޷ţʹһЩνĵõҲǳڰˡ
߶С
һ磬Ϊ¶ʦ޵ĵͬǸĵһڽҲһԵķš
ѧЩ£ʦԺɽ˿ˮռ࣬׬һǮڶա
Ϊ޵֮ˣһĳһҹˮؼҵ·ϣåβһŮˣԺϸȥ
Сåв֮£վ˳ƽǿĹǿ·硣
ûϵСȭŹٺãҲѪ֮еԺĵѪС
˺㿪ʼģֻϡŮ˵Ŀ޽оѵоԼ˱֮ʶˡ
ٴλָʶʱѾϵͳһ磬һȫȻİĵط
ǰ磬ʮǰˣʱǸճӤ
ǰյʲôˣʧˣΪʱϵͳ״̬޷صжԲ֪ǰʮκ顣
ǳǸ


10 
ϵͳǳ֣صصǸˣȴʲôʧ䶼Ѿϰˡ
ϵͳû޷סȻ֪ǰļ䣬ǾĿǰԣƺûʲôá
Ҳʧ䣬ϾѾ㹻Ӧݡ
ֻҪұΪṩܼӳ֣Ϊ򿪻̳ǣһӦؼϵͳ̳ͨλ棬ֻҪ㹻Ļ֣κҪĶ
ûʲôҪģ׼˯ʱͻȻܵϵȦϵԲӹ׹һ¡
漴ʵ˸𣿡
ֻҪ㹻Ļ֣κҪ򵽵Ķ
ͷ͵ţദʹжȥ˲١
㹻ĻǶ٣ûб־޴ľϲͷԣǿԼ侲Ҳ˷ϵͳ˵һֱǣûиһ׼ȷֻ֣˵һģĸ
ΪĿǰûпϵͳ̳ǣϵͳҲ޷֪۸񡣡
ܱ֤һ˸ĸ𣿡
ϵͳǴǧԴ죬Ҫҵ
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Ժ󣬱ϵͳٴγ֣ڴ֮ǰϵͳֻ帨ܣ޷Ϊṩİ
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˵˵ʯڻЦ˳ȥ
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˯һʹ޷úϢֻܱĿ񣬵;۵۵޷ʱС˯һ
ڴϣŴͶ¹⣬Լǰ·ôߡ
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ͻȻ뵽Լǰửʱʦ˵Ϊûʲô츳ڷһͨΨһĵӣû츳ʦҲһԵİƽѧ
ϣȰѱѧˣܾܲͨҲ˵ҰʦŵĶȥ츳֮ˣڡ
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סذףؿƹġ
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˶֪θôģһ㣬θʿΪǸôɱ˺θԣ
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ǡ³ϵ̹Ͼ˼Ѿʶˡ
ƹǰȥ󣬡߱˵
ûзǲ룬Ǹ÷ֺ
ҽᵤ֮ʱ͵ϮǡС·СְңһԱҰȻᵤǣұ㽫Сµƹ㡣
ƹĴԺһˮԣŲˮ׺һضܵ
ܵң֮һֱм·ߣмǡɱߴˡ
屻ܵμǼˣô죿
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ո߳ɽͱһ˸Χסˡ
岻֪ʲôˣֻܾؿǣûκαķţ³˶㿪ӿֻ·ѡ


11 
屻ɽկԺףջĵصͨŰװɽ
ʶճ뻢ڡ
һɽ˸ˡ
屻Ѻɽļ٣֪ջƹĺͻôˡ
ɽԺͻȻƹģɽկĸϡ
ֻ˺ɽ¼ƹƺЩһ
ģһǰ͸żа֮ġ
ɽƹϢΪͨʿûʲô
屻ѺԺ˱㶯ˣӸ̨ǰ
ıӣ°ģ
㣿壬Ϊ˾㣬ջûˡҽҲûˡ
屻һ߷ڵأ˲ʹҲ˿㵵Ϣѹȥ
ƹģˣ
ŵţ˵ԹԵ૸Ϊʡ
Ůǣμֻһӣɱ˼Ҷӣ˼㣿
˵ʵҲɱˣܰ˸ɱˣǲС
ˡ
û˵ʲô˲ɱġ֮ĻΪѾҪˡ
μ׼ɱģ˻һ޹ˡ
μҡŮ˶ǰμҵĳһᱨ㣬ҽߣȥģ
ҲߡվҲߡ
Ѿ˺ܾãƽӵҶңҶӵ
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ߣʲôʲôŮͻȻЦˣ͸֮ǰƹµĨЦһġ
忴ųЦ
£ȻѺͺμҰװɽկôҽƻҪһС
ŮվЩɽǣֳؿ塣
죬֪˵ʲôҲ֪˵ʲô
뱨
仰û˵ڣӭԼһٳķˣؼȥѾô
ˣһɥӡŮ˰ڰ֣ȥЪţϳҹߡ
廹˵ȴԼ޷һ̧ͷ㿴ǸŮϹЦЦı顣
ᆪµˣ컹ȱŰɡŮȷʵܲϲȻͽϵãѪף˫̥ϳԺһ˾ɣһѧ˵ټһռɽΪ
Ȼ˴˶϶Էߵ·֮ȴҲѲ
һһò֪ôˡ
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Ůбӳ˳ȥǰľӦķѵը
屻˴˺ɽסȻסӣ滷ɽҶڰأû뿪Ŀܡ
屻뷿ԺѺ˱ض˵ʵһ㣬Ǵ󵱼ҵͷϣҪǸңȰƤϵ˭ĵϲá
һʣһſš
ԺѰڻڵš
Ժֳ︡˺ܶ˵ģƽСͷȻϵҲмִȰ֮ĵҶĹˣĵƹ̰ƵĵСһֱҶС㣬󶼻ڻӡ
Щ˶ˡ
ֲ̧ȥ۽ǵˮҶµӰʯϡ
ҶСϣȥϷѰҩȣϷңԶҩȸ֪λãһ·ɽˮԶδ뿪³ǣѾǴ粽С
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岻ţĻţһˣչҪź޹ˡ
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ˣСʯӶֻűƵʯ壬ҲȤ
ʯ壿ૣ̧ͷִӴóöƷʯ
ڵϣʯǰǰʦ̹ļС󷨡
Ĳ󣬲ģȷʵ򵥵һ󷨡
һʯһ߰Լڼʯ棬СĽȡһƷʯСͲۡ
۷£ˡ
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ŵҪ˺һֱϢֱ¡
ڴؿǼʯĶһͻȻһʯֱ鿪ˡ
ˣ循Ǹ˵ʯֲ죬ǲɣ
Ҳ󷨺ǳˣǺû취άסֻɵͬʱάǽһ˲ʱ䡣
ûãȷʵһ
Ρϲ߳ɹʼܡһ󡣽500߲ա
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䣺19
ԱŮ
壺
ȼ0
Ϊ5
ʼܣ[̣]
Դܣ

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֣500
ϵͳڿԴ̳𣿡
ڿС
ܿϵͳ̳Ǵˡ
忴ĸƷٷĲңֱʮҳſ˸
ֵ֡
⻹ǲģܶһ򣬼ֵǧ֡
ʲôа
Ʒͯۡ
һϵͳһһѳȡäеĻᡣԺÿԳȡһΡ
Ҫھͳȡ𣿡
ȰҿɡԼһ˵ˣ¿꣬кҲǶֶÿһߡ
һЩҲˡ
תһ룬ƺȻһ߾һ쵽׸һ
ϵͳ齱ɡ忴͵Ķͦġ
[޵1Ʒʯ500׷3пܡ1]
׷൱ԪӤܵһĿǰ˵Ƿǳʵݵıˡ
пһףһȼֱ𵤡ԪӤ
ֻǿϧЩȫһԵƷ
Ǹ޵Ŀǰ֪ʲôҪȷ֪
ڴ齱ܵõʲôʲô˵á
齱С


12 
[ལ1]
忴ЩȻҲѧı£䵽Ҫˡ
ལóԺŷ֣ལϰʽҪõ
ϵͳûҲ𣿡
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ֻǽ˼򵥵İνƣ˳˵һ½ʹá
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ʮ֣һЩýʽɢɢ循Ȼ֡
ÿһʹ÷ʽνһýķʽһһС
ལһеһʽֻһνٶҪ죬Ҫȣұڰνͬʱȡµ˵
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ѺеʽݶûнֻȰལ£ȴ˽Ժϰ
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ƷײߣֻǴõġ
󵱼ҵķԸ㵽϶Ͻɡ
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˺ܶ࣬ԶԶμڰװɽ¿صĵӺϽ
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ſѲߵһҶͷдţξţ[Ϊ25]
һˣʮңͷдţһ[Ϊ1957]
ǺμҵĹܼңǰҶҵʱ˵һܼǶѾǽһˡ
ԼĶóȡһöƷʯС⸽Ҫ֤μҵ˷֣Ҫ֤ȽϽӽܹýĴ
ΪԭزʶȥƬɽǰȥֻʵǿܹٴ
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ĵһγԣҲ֪û˺һ֮ɣһжԼ
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ܿ죬˵ʱ򣬺μҵȲװɽ
һȺ˿ܣǲɫ³ǵڣμҼ˳
һ۵͸žˡ
Ԫ𵤰˽[Ϊ8796]
ǧΪԼ壬ΪһϿһµ5֡
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13 
ζ毴˹ʱ㿴׼ʱ׼ľ׷󷨡
ˣ£ˡ
Ȼֻһ˲䣬㹻Щĺμһ鸲
֮ǰ֣Ϊ󷨲̫Сˣμɽ°ӪկֲúɢǼ𵤺ڵĺμ£ǶֲھȽԶĵط
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һֱݷȴζ毴ֻ˫ʱ򣬺μ˶Ἧһлкμһ
úܺã׼۵ʱͻȻ˸ץסˡ
ͷ˹ȥ֮ǰɽǼˡ
˰ץסˣסˡ

⼸˰ץøˣһ˵֪㲻ʵ󵱼ҵŲû뵽μû֣ץ㵽̫Ӳǻòͷˣ
ֵһͷϣֻԴ졣
ʾǷſ
ȴ˴˶һۣһ˰ߡ
͵󵱼ȥոһ·ɽ·ѾμҴ޸סˡ̵ģǶֱӰμˡ
ǸɶǴ󵱼ҵķԸˣŲһŮô
Ϊֻ5ЩˣǿıǸոմһƵǸ󺺡
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Ϊ͵ģץ첲ǿд뿪ˣͲ󣬵Ѿ˽ףΪ861
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屻ζǰζ毿ֻˣֱЦˡ
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屻Ժζǰ˵ġ治ֻʲô᣿
һ
ζ毳ĬؿЦħˣ
ƾ㣿αˣ㻹μңû˯Ѱɣζ毻ȥȺɽҲЦ
֪ǲңҲšֻҪ󵱼ҲҪԼҾͺá岻͡
μѾʼͰװɽ˶ˡ
μҹº˴װɽ˶˵Ļ
կԩͷծǺμҲװɽΪУϣկܰɱҺδү彻ȥδǺμװɽĺ
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ζ˿壬¡
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μȴЩɻ֮ǰʲôʱɱװɽˣɱ˰װɽկã
Ԫδ˵ζ毻иð
²ڲǣ˵ĻôţѣɾͲڰװɽءɱ֣үڤ鲻
ԪϸԳֳŰװɽ˵ķ˹ȥ
һֱʿ֮ս
һһģȺսʱ·һСضĳ򳡣ܸоɱԽԽԡ
ԪƺѾλãһеس
װɽɽҲͺμҵļҶӴζԻߡ
忴ζ毵Ϊ
ζ毣𵤰˽ףΪ8103
ԪΪѾﵽ8796Ȼǽ𵤰˽ףζӦǳ𵤰˽ײãԪλôøãΪҲ۵øࡣ
ҺԪõ촸һضҵըѿζ毵ķٱޣ˵Ҳͬ
Ԫǽ˽ӰԵһһʽ󿪴ϴŨŨɱ⡣
ζˮľͬʱˮľ˫ҲҪȺԪһء
ݣٱУˮ
ʺһһĴ򶷣ó͵Ϯͻ̣ʱˣζ毽Щ֧ҲĴĸо
ζ¶̬֮ʱԪͻȻ֣촸ֱֶӴζ毵ĺϡ
ζ毴Ӱе䣬ڵϿѪ
װɽ˼˲һ
Ҳøˣ˷ס죬޷кֱסֽţ޷ж
ֻһУͷĲޣѽʹѹȥ
Ԫʱ֣ûԼ촸ζǰ
εҵģϷͰװɽԣ㽻С±ʹաװɽΪҶᣡ
ƥôζͻȻЦû¶࣬ԽЦſ
Ҳһ˲䷢ԪǰˣΧͻȻ仯
ԪҪζһٴξ촸Ȼû뵽һ촸߸߾ȴ޷¡
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Ȼ壡Ԫ˱ζ毶ߵ촸Ϊζ毻ΪԺж񣬶ΪҲࡣ
ϴ󶼱ˣװɽɽˣҲ½½
ԭװɽɽ˶ޡ
ԪЩ´󺧣Ϊôۼڰװɽȴ֪
ûйڰװɽ޵Ϣ͸¶ȥ˻ΪۼֻһЩɢޡ
ɢ޺ôѲ˭Ҳ֪ǵ崫ʲôطͷܲˮ
Ԫ볷ˣζ毱塣
кӿֻһӣʿԵѵãøͣⱲҲֻһˣȴⶾɱΪ˸
ɱһħᱲְͳͳɱˣͳͳɱˣԪȡһЩҩԥ̷ȥ
ӽ𵤰˽׵ΪڱǵԪӤ
ԪӤڱûн׵Ļ֣гںڡ
ԪҲĴﵽԪӤڣֻǽҩαԪӤʵϻǽΪֻսͻȻˡ


14 
ζ毲Уһαܡ
ֻһΣѾûеˡ
ԭΪʹɥͻȻһԪӤڵͻȻˣӺԪֵ¾˳ƴȫźԪ˹ȥ
ǸԪӤڵ˲ס˺Ԫ
ΣͷųԪӤڵĿܣһ·֣ųܵͬʱ֮ǰζϲõĸֽˡ
֪ǿܰæֻҪϵͳ͵Ķܵõĺôӳ֡
ԺһҲ˲ˣϽһܹȥζ毴սд˳
ζ˺صˣû鵤ҩܸãӱóһЩҩֲ
⻹ǵҶʱȥҩֻϧҩû꣬Ҷ㲡ˡ
ζ毵죬ȻЩҩֲͳͳ
һ㶼ֱӳһЩҩֲҲͬľιЧ
岻֪ûãֻܳȥֻʣ޲һ·ˡ
ҩֲζȥԺϵͳͻȻʾ
ϲ߼ʼܡֻشһ500߲ա
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䣺19
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壺
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ķ
֣400+500
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һƷԭۻһǧ壬Ŀǰۿۺ˰١
һƷƺͲãʺµζ毷ãһƿҪٻ֡Żһһ
˵ͿԼѧϰ˵Ժûл鵤ˣҪľǵҩֳɵЧĵҩ
ԥһ˲µ鵤
Ժֹܻ±Ҫζ毡
Ʒ鵤һƿһƿʵҲܻ㡣
õ鵤Ժȡһöŵζ毵
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ζûոոιʲôҲûǸƾճֵԪӤǲֱʡ
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˵һʱ䳷룡Ѿ׼Ҫŵ׷ںμ˽󷨷Χںζ毰ֶ
ȰװɽɽǶ뿪ˣŽ׷У۵޽ɹˡ
ڳ˲䣬ԪӤ󽫺ԪУһۼԱߵλס
ԭҲҪҪĵһԼ󷨵޲𹥻˺Ϊھ͹ˣֻҪ˲뿪ķΧ㹻ˡ
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ƷʯĽƷ׷Ψһ˫ǽʮ
ҲҿԪӤڣСҲҪˡ
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ﲻζʹⶼѹеɬ
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ζ毿ǿĵ鵤㶣̧ͷȥʱѾ޶ȥˡ
ģҾǸгһǵ˵³ǰװɽζ毵Ⱦƣ


15 
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ϣ̲סЦгһܻŻضȥװɽһ⡣
ֻǰ·ãҳŵ
Ҳһ̶ûУԴӰװɽϵĽըԺϵͳʾļˡ
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һʼ߼ṩһܵӳɡ
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˸״ЩصĹӣذһģȻʼϰལ
һеһʽν˼ա
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ֻһνĶǳģξͷˣȻ˺ü졣
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Ŀǰǽޣ˾ʿҲ֪ԼĥĶ׶Բԡ
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Ҳһ·ŵݡ
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Ϊɥӣֽ𣬿ݣǱеİڶƵġ
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16 

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޸ڵͼʾ󣬵ܾ··߲ͷƵġ
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Ȼߵ·ȴó棬òǴǵ˼ȻּǰϴǼˡ
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ʱһͷ˵үӣȽĲǰ
İɣɫˣҪǴסһߣ
ƿ벽ͻȻǸһ߷һ߳ҡͷ


17 
岻֪⣬ʵǹŹ֣Ͳʶܾλˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôֻǰЦͻȻûˡ
ע⵽ӣƤƵģƤҲѿˣ˵ĶϵЩҲһһϵġ
Ȼ޲Ը£Ǿ߰ɡ˵仰
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Ůʩ
ͷǵ߸ŵСͯ˹
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忴СͯͷҲûʾֺΪ
ͯ˵ʦͬŮʩ˵仰
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üͯ־˸ݹʦϻĶҪˮҲҪȣʦ׼ĸ
忴Ǹ֪ҪҪӡ
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ֽӹ˰ֻһЩӺˮңŷ
ȡöƷʯݸСͯллʦ
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壬ͻȻһֻ㱸С
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ʱӻͷ۰
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ͻȻЦòˮ˶Ļɮһ˰ɣ


18 
ܿ죬Цˡ
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19 
۾˯һʵϲû˯ţ֪ʱʼѾϰ˯ʱҲѡ
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޸иϵֹʳΪǴǲ治صģǸ˳ȥϵͼǺˣͣⲻҪǣſŲ֪ˣϻסŹƵġ
˼̾ϢһֵĪҪϵߡ޸壬ءƯĹǸҪûһүǵһ¶ûУġ˵¹ֲ֣


20 
Ǻܹ֡
ǣһת
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һ·ʼձ־裬ʱʱҪϵͳ忴ԼĿǰõһЩԴԼһЩȫС
Ŷɽɽʱ忴ǴķĹɵõɴ۾
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׼ʱһ̧ͷǰһĹдš³ҶҴС㣬Ҷ


21 
ڿĹϵ֮󣬷һƹƵģֻöĿѣﱻֳռˡ
һվĹǰĹ
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˲ǰţѾҪڿķĹٿǸԶԶܹӰ
룬սذվԭأֽϵͳ򿪣׼ʱȡпԼ
ȻǸӰԶ֮ܵ첻ѡ
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22 
忴ϵͳˢ³Ķʱϲѡ
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Сģ˱ԺнѣӦеı£ȻЩɻ󣬵˼˵ĻԵҲԷˡ
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23 
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Ͻȥÿۣºϥڵϣϸƺͱĵط̫һ
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֮ͬҲеģҶСϻӣ׾ٵ뿪ǽȡϻӣʲôƣ޷״򿪡
׼ϻȴߣԺа취򿪡
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ҶСȥϷȥҩȣΪЩ
ߵÿһŶҶСļƻ֮УҶҵĸҶСŴ뿪


24 
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˼ı仯֤ʵ롣
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ģ˼﷽ŵЩ仯ֶʧˣǰǸũģץסֱۡ
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ģۿ˴ˡѾ׼˾׷пܣ˼ͻȻΪ˺
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²⣬˼Ӧ֪ӵĹŹ֣Ҳ֪Լʲôͬ
ң޷뿪ܲܰң˼͵̧ͷ壬ٿľݡ
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25 
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յħǻҵģٽǻӵģħʧȥֻʣ¶ɱ¾Ŀͻıܡ
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ħ忪ʼңҲ׼ħս
һټٵҥҥеԴˡ
ħڤҹأħʰһһԹħʿһɱʿŷɥ
ħΧֻħεЩפʿӵӣʣһЩ˵ʿħħ¥ɹɡ
ħķΧܴΧν޽磬Ի㲻һħɭ֣ϢħħޣҲħĵһȻǽͨħɭԺħ򳡣򳡱仯ĪⳣѪЮʧȥǵĶʬͿħħĵڶ
ħްҵĵطħ˹ħޣܱԸԸ⣬յħָƴֵֿУħĵߡ
ħӮˣнֹڴˣħˣôɹһΪӵˮ򣬽ӭħһߣħ齨ɵħ
ħħʵΪСħ֮ͳΪħڲҲȼ֣һħ彫ȫֻΪܻסǵħ
ħ嶼ɱˣħħлħʹʵǿηǵĴڲΪɱУֻΪʱ䣬ħ뿪ʱ䡣
ֻҪħ𻹻ţ˶ħ壬ӭǵһֵĸ
ҲΪʲôϹһֱڣħ޽սŰܣȴһֱϢԭ
ħ壬û취ɱħͬʱؼħ
ɱħħħħħ޵ٴθһħ𸴻ؼħkħţӶħչħޡ
ѭħֻܵѹȫɱ⡣
Ҳ˲а˵ϹŰ˴ɱħ𣬶ħ޷
һֱڳԣûгֽ
ħ֮Уħ󻤷ħķҲˣǾȴħĹ
ķϣ巣⣬ᣬһŮǵΪʵ࣬ħڵݵλҲ࣬ǹϵȽϺãڳҲ࣬һſ
һһһŮְϵĹϵȽ׽˽µĹϵɲãھһħҲ࿴ᡣ
ħţȴħ
᲻Ϣħ𵽵׳ûУķ֮һţƹϷǴĻ˶ǱģᶼھȺֻͲסˡ
Ȼȴûκ˴վҳȥ
ҪȥʱͻȻһħϢһסһϢλ뿪ڵء
ӭϣ
Ȼû˽ֻһڵڿ
Ҫķ˾ְħ󻤷ħһպ³Ǻţ½졣
һֲŮħ徴ηǿħϢ˶궯

ħϢɢͣħڵѹҲʧˡ
ħ˿ķ˵Ժһˡ
ֻһڴڣ󻤷һ鲻мû뵽ϲûз㣬ȻҪ㡣㵽ʹʲôֶΣ㣿
ޣʵǿһΪʲôֻħħ
д㣬ֲ˵ġĳЩǿʤᱦ˽繬ĺֶλҪءǰеĹǶ̵ѴţŴκңΪϲ֪ħ򣬻ʲôùϣǰҲͰˣȻҺҶ䲻ұãú´λη㡣
Լ˲ӣ޹ءǣϿɲĲԡ
ЦԡȰʵһ㣬ϾǶΪ£´ΣɱҲ档ˡɱ֪ô
ɫбֵ¼£
˵ձҪֻϧһвʹԭʧˡ
ܵÿ죡ţ´ΣҶҪǺ˵˵ͷһưͣ
뿪ħָʾ³ǵȺ
ͬʱ³ҶҲš


26 
ջڣڴõЩˣԱߵĿҶұŵ¡
ҰҶҴС˻ûأҶҶûˡ
Ҷôˣһûӵ
˭֪أħǸʲôʱܳûħͺÿ
ʲôأħ𲻾ģҶңǰҶʱ򣬶ǹ³ǰնչˣҶС㣬Ҳǹ³ǵĽô͡
ꡣ˵ˡڵĹ³ǿɲҶ㻹ҪҪСˣ
ЩĥţǱһұˣħɵġ
ɻţ㿴һ£Ĳߡ
һҰˣȥɡڣҶŵ£˵Ӧãϳˣħ嶼ħôħң
һССҲˣҶڱƺҶʵҲҪһ壬ħͱҪͬʵħħޣжͲ˽˻ˡ
֯мƻŰôһһ㶯ûյ
˵ǲǣȥˣ
ӿԱߵŮˣûܿŮ˵òϾһΪڣŸоħħϢһ˲еĻñɤۡ
ŵֱվ
¡Ůɤ䣬ȴһ˿Ц⣬ɺã
ºԾֹסػʱ߶ڲá
ʲô
ħڤҹĻĸͬǣ߰ǰĸΪ˾ʱ꣬ŹһУصħ󣬽ԹĹעȽ٣ܷϵǣ缺
Ҫûʼ˵㱻ħˡ
ˡ͹£ԼҲ棬Ҳƫ̻˭ɱһһˡ
⻰ĬĬͷ͹˼ˣΪ޼û취ɱ˶ԷҲûҪɱ˹
ȻԸΪǿɱҲغ󷽣ħû˹ϵʧ͹˽˶Թһš
ˣʲôԸ𣿡
Ѿ֮ǰµĴÿ죬ȥø죬ħһħٻع˹ǲûںϧֻδ
ڤҹɣòͣﷹ˵ζ
ĶʲôóԵģѵúܡǣǿ
ڤҹ̬ҲգֻЦ˽һ仰֪֪˰սʤ㲻˽֣δ֣ܶ
ͻȻһ߶ˣҲԥӻõСһƲ˶ˡ
ħĿζһЩħమ⣬ǹߣԱȽ٣ʿϲڣʶĸҲܶࡣ
ڹƷʳʱһ滨⣬۶ʱ
óԣڤҹ
Щߵĵ˵ͷ
Եˣڤҹʼ˵ˡ
³Ҷңҵʵĵطֻϧûʵɹˡڤҹ˵ſϧȴûжź
üͷ𣺡ǻں
ʵһ£ֻķλ֪ħֻħĽ֮زȡȥֻķ
Щħֱһվ֮ĶԻϣ޽Ҳ˿ܿԼıƢ
ڤҹʾ£һ㣬½ȥ顣ħ廢ħֳ˰࣬ħսƿˡù㡣
˷ģһ֪ͨ
ڤҹͷ£ȻǷġ
ַԸʱҪҪ죬ħΪʲô¶͹Ƣ˵㣬Ӳ㱿

ڤҹ˵Ķ˵ˣȴû뿪һԣСλħ
£ڤҹС
ָ󣬡ʱ˺Եߣ
ڤҹ̧ķɫܰףļ𪣬һ־ɾӵع겻Ĳ̬ס
Ѱ˵Уһò֮ˣɫۿɼ硣
ܿͬѰΪħûоǴͬһ£ΣʵǻԱ仯κģ඼ϲΣϹŵħģҲѧ
ʵʱ˵⡣ڤҹεЦˣŻʶʵû뵽ħڲвֵı¶֣ʶЩ𣬺ҶʱúסʶҲ׼ʱ䡣
ֻǿǸСѾͷζɲܡ
ƫƫǰıһȥϱߣҲ֪ôˡ
ˣǵһοħĵ׾֮࣬Ѳħ緢ʲô£ħҪһˣ
ڤҹһǵӣֻÿοţ¡Ұ˵ģҶҿʼħڹ˭ħһɽɱϢ
ǣ뿪Ҳħʲô㡣
ˬ뿪ıӰڤҹǰĲյһڣûҶҵΪ㡣
磬ѾܿüʶԺ뿪³ǣԽװɽһ·е޸塣
廹ϵˣΪϵĺҲȥ⿪ѣ֤ɹҲ޷ֱӷ
ħ֮£ǷµҪġ
ΪħҲӲ
˼˵ϻܣϵͳ忴˿üͷ
ϵͳɰٷ֮ʮ
ʣµӦȥ޸̽
˼ллϻܡҪȥһ޸壬Ҳܱ֤һܴҡ
廰û˵꣬ͱ˼ϣ˼ץסò˵Ƿա
Ǹ嵱Ŀڣһᾡȫ
뿪ϻ壬ߺ˼д񶼻ȥϢһ˿ڴڵʯصţ˻
ϻ뿪һ·е޸塣
޸ڿˡ
ǰȥҵĹ֪ôˡ
ʦ֣ǰҵĹ
˼е˵ţûУ˳ټȥ飬޸øˡ޸÷һЩŹֵ¡
߱˵Ҫ޸̽ܣ·ϵʱ䣬ȥһν޸õĹʲô
˸˵޸Ĺ¡
ĹصʱҸŵضۼ˹ȥȺĹȥ޸壬ҸŽȥԺǵ޸áûнȥ⿴һһӣǼĹԺҾ͵͵ȥ򿪽ӵһһϴϲźͷӡ
뵽Ǹ棬˶ŵúëִ˴Լĸ첲ܾ̫ˡ
кüˣһЩŹֵҲûôĳ档
жʮඥӣ׳ŵÿһˣÿﶼһӡ˵Ҳᶯ
ʱ֮ǰ·߿顣
ˣǶǻ𣿡
ҡͷǡһʬǳô˵ҲǸҩʦ㻹ܲġ
˵ĿյѾ޸ãվ￴Ȼ˵һһͷƤĺӡ
Ҫȥ𣿡
ͷҽȥ
ȥͻȻоǰĽ𵤹˼жסˣо΢ĶڰʾһȥƵġ
ţûиȥҲûпЩϸ΢С
Խһӣһţһǰͣ
ܺĸоǰĽڼеҪ֪ʲôԽԽ̣ܰؿڸ̳һƵġ
ǹɹ̵˵ĸо㱾ĵطˡ


27 
ƿӵ, 㿴һλϲŮӡ
ŮӷǵûиϺͷǻƵģۺĿ
ŵһ, ţҶС㡭
尵Լһ, ҪȷǰһǲһΣ, 㱾Լֻصǰ
鵱գһƬУӭȢλչ³ǵš
Ķ⿴ص˽, ׳ŵԽЩӣߡ
Ҫʷʲôһ̧ͷԺ, л·ɤŵý󣬴С㣿
Ȼ˲û˵ֻǺؿǣǰһУǸӤһ㡣
һס˽˵, ӽ˳
ŵԱ߳һ, ţְַԼıϣȫĽ䱸ؿǰŹֵŮˡ
뿪ûжԥ, ܸܵ, סŮӵһ̣ǰĽ𵤱㲻ٹ, ֮һֱ۵ģһ̾ȻҲĪƽˡ
˲ȥ˼Щȥ˼Ϊʲôһֱ۵ģһȴǲˡ
ֻǵôҶСһģһ뿪ǣ֣һеش뿪ĵط
ʹǣŵˣΪ죬Ҳ˲Щˡ
뿪߳Ժ˸ߣΧĶ
ȳ޸壬˽ɫһĻǾò
ϵģһ˵ȥô붼ܹ졣
һӣŮϲûĲôãȴϢ˿ң˶ͣʱŮӻάһʲôܺģ
ͷһۣѾ޸һЩˣѡͣ
ʦ֣Ъһɡ飬ҲЩˡ
΢΢ʼ磬ֿشϢţáЪᣬȥСҪûˡ
ͣŮҲߡ
˲ûͣԭأǴŽڸߣɷĲ£ܱѲӾš
ɫŮӺͼҶСһģһɵ㣬˵𣿡
Ůӵ˵ͷ
ʲô֣
ŮҡҡͷҲ֪
üͷϸŮӵ沿ϸ΢飬ѡ
Ϊʲô֪ûм𣿡ǰʧƵˣͻʶⷽ²⡣
ֻǰȻһУǵԼ֡
ŮӻҡͷҲ֪
еΪѣȷ⵽ǲҶСꡣ
֮ǰϻ˼֪ϢϻһڵĴӣΪڤۼһͨǿóɾϻûĴӡ
ĴҲƽ׳ֵģ޸һƬĹأĹȥŮӣ궼ϻ壬ϻľķʽڡ
޸ĴŮӵʬ͵Ĺᣬϻǰ˼ң˼ֻ˵˰ᰲҵ£û˵ȥϻ塣
Щӣһ̧ȥġسǱĹ˱ģ궼ᱻͽȥ
ΪʲôһŹֵĴӡ
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޸ǧǰսʱһȺѵһγһӣ޸ɵҲƯûиĿˡ
Ͷ޸壬Ůӣ޸һ̵ĶԶӿˣҪǿȢǣ»֮ҹʧִ˸̵ĶԶӡ
һŭ֮£˸аǰ£Ͷ˻ǵʬԼıӽڤ顣
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˺޸ĴҲܵǣҹĥ
˺ܾãһʿ
ǸʿǷʦһΪԯǽڵĵ﷢ִҹܿ࣬в̣Ǿѳ
ĹУһǰҲǿˣǾʹնɱҲĲ̣ʶһϹŵطٳһС磬ݱ̨СеȥͬʱܽǵСУҲѡ
ֻ㣬ˣСҲܻܿɢʱСеͻΪûнʧȥʶֿʼûججɷ֮Ϯ²ֺûĺˡ
ԼԪǿó˾ϻϻĸûд֮ǰ޷Ų벽ʶֻܽҹС
˽𵤵˵Ԫϻбܲҹ
ʶϻӦˣֻҪԪ񣬱ס壬סЩӻЩ꣬ԹɢˣǻڤԴתֻء
ϻǧΪ󹮹ǣϻ壬ʶǸСö֮޸˳֮Ϊϻ塣
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СªСಡʱŰټҷһٱһ٣ҲǸĺӡ
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ҲǼһֻ޸һӵԵʣɽˮأҲû˻ƾӹ
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ЩĹģҲ޸Ĵ
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ϻɴڣڲͣеĻҪȥˡ
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㡭Щȡ
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ϵͳҶС𣿡
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壬ԵƬ̣ҽʰһ¡𳤽漴˾ʰøɸɾ֮÷ǻ˵Ĵһ¡
ˡ
ԵƬȷʵܿ죬彫ԵŮӷŵϡ
ϵͳû𣿡ЩƣϵͳһӦûУֻһڲѯС
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ʱ͸÷ֲԣΪʲôһУ
ϻ塣ͻȻʶˣţϻ˼գϻ屾Ϊ˾ЩԩԹöġԻὫһеĸ涫ϻֳһһĸоˣҲǱڤ顣
ҵĴҲ¡Ҳ÷ҵ˰ߡ˵񽥽Ҳࡣ
壬˵ʲô㷢ʲô𣿡˽òУٿģһʧǵӣʵ˵ġ
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ϵͳ壬ϵͳҳʾԼɣȻһ
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忴ˣǵǵעԼͷһûйѵһθܵѵĺ⣬иж
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⣬ʲôԵʣ
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˻Ȼӿ֮⣬˼ǣ޸Щһְֱ취ЩŮʬ
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ʦ֣Ƿաסذףʦ֣֮УҪֵ֪˲֮£Թۡ
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ЩϹлķ
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һὫģȭͷܿһðȻ֪Ͻڤ飬ΪʲôسĹдµȴգ
Ѳ֪˱ȥһ̱֣֣ҹӵڤд档ֻϻдʮ죬ܹƽ⣬ʱڤˣǱһֱؼޱֻϧ
⻰˵һֹסˣδ֮֪
Ǹйⲻȥշһ
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ͷڴϣŻڻԵҶС㣬ˣǱ
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һеδ֪еΨŮ޿ʱܸоһ˿ɡ
岻֪ЩܸоҶϸ΢仯ҶԺĵĴܿ˺ľһֱţֱԼԺҶŻԷɣͬҶ˵ʱҲὫһЩûŵ
ȱǳٳٲܹڱ壬лɢһ졣룬Ȼˣֺα˽ôأ
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ԵɡԸСã̾ϢŰ֣뿪
Ҳٵ飬Ǳ󣬴Ҷ뿪һ·Ҷһ


28 
ȵҪɭֵʱ, ͣ
˴ӷɽϵҶǾشܵĻҪֳȥ̽ˡ
ûʶЩ, ˵, Ҳ⻳˵ĽţҶá
巭, 󽫵ͼó̯Ժ󣬶˵ʦֵģ
ҶڸߴϣӸµؿǶͷͷ粢վһ
֪Ϊ, Ҷô˾Щۣ˵ԼвԺԭֻƵؿǣǿԼתơ
˸о˴е, ̧ͷһۣǸŹֵŮԶ羰ջߣ´񣬽עеĵͼϡ
ʦֻǵǸλ𣿡ٳû˵ֻһ顣
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ͷ
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Ҷ˵Ǿˣʲô֪óȻǰȥŻỵ¡ȥ̽һ֮ǰ˵ƺȷҪȵ˾ǰݸ
˶һۣ˶Ĭһ˵˵еǸô죿
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вֳ˳°ڡ
Ȼȴûвһ㣬ûиκλӦԽеɻѵԼ̫ˣ
һμӴע⵽ʱǸҶѰ꼵ŮˣȻĵ˹³ǡ
ӹ³ǳеעǸŮˣеľ񶼼Ů˿еĹ³ǡ
ԭҲǹ³ˣ³ǰʱ˼£֪ǷãҶѰ¶ȵ顣
ȴǸαļ档
ͷ֪ҶҵҶ֪ˡ
ҶңȷʵꡣҶѰ꼼ѹֽƿ
ҪһģÿһοڣͷԼĻǰǸҶѰ꼵Ů˸ˡ
Ҫ˵ݣԼ˵Ļ޷ȥ
ߣʼˣԽԽһξȻûй˼Ĳ
ҶѰһ˵Żһ߹۲ˣ֪ʲôȤ£ϵЦҲԽԽˡ
ҶѰ꼸˵ĸо׺ͣ˵ʱҲЦ֪ΪϢܸ˴һѹȸУֻǺһûͺܲڡ
忿һЩϣ֮ܺǰһҵһ㰲ȫУͬʱҲϣעصԼϡ
ֻû뵽һξȻʧЧˡ
ȥˣҶѰ꼵Ĳûм٣ԽԽ
Ŀ֮£λΪֹǷЩף
ҶѰЦ˵оһɻвѹȸС
ʶøһ㣬ȴҶѰ꼵ע£ĬĬش뿪
Ժ󣬷ĪѹȸУȻȻ޴ˡ
ҶѰϵЦ˼֡
ʱȴ˵ѣ֮䣬ƽЩ
忴ǸС΢ӣв̣ǳάš
˵꣬ҶѰ꼱վЦǹϵãɫҲˣһ£㲻ˡѣٻᡣ
ҶѰһԲϾҪطϢƢЩ׽͸
ٻᡣ幰ֺ
ҶѰԺ
С˵Ϊһλܺദأû뵽ƢǹŹ֡
䣬ǰȲĲ֪Ϊˡ


29 
ͻȻըѵĲһ
, ЦⲻǣӦǰЩǻܣСŪˡûע⣬Ŷλˡ
ûƹʰ, һ˹
ʲôܣеĲ豭, ˵ԺҲתע, 㲻Ĳܿˡ
Ųǵ裬Ȥֿ˵߾۹ˣƵϲ˵ĵ, Ҳˡ
˭ݸλС¡
ңװţСô£
ɲ˵С£дˣдˡҲҵ, ֻɫ˵ţС㲻С㣬ˡ
ĳ˳䣬ƫͷ֣дš
Ź֡
ͷ, ȷʵܹŹ֡
һɵλС, һƺѹסɵ
ûʳɻֻŵҶ˵˵ڵ¡
ˣҪݸ, ǻؼ, еȴǵһԲ˶Ϣ, Ҳ˵ϰ˵ġ
֮ǰ˵Ļȥر˵Щ·ʱʱݸһЩ¡
ͻȻ뵽һ£üɷ˵˵С㰡ǰǸѾͷҸӡǲôţ
̲סţôˣ
Ժ󣬵˵ˡ
ǰиʦݸǲʲôΪʦ
Ҳ˵µģǻϻӴˣã˵ԪӤܣϱߵĴġ
Ҳ˵ˣ¥¸ʦ
ʲô¥¸ڡ
ô˵Ϲ
˶ˣҩȣ
ƫͷЩԽԽҵˣСţ壬ûʦ
˽ⲻ࣬ϱߵĿǰֻ֪һҩȡ
֪ûкҲ²⣬˵ңңʦ
λѶ´ˡɢ˷פݸĻǳϣΪɢ˵ܲϱߣԴ˸ҥ
ЦŽͣ˶֪࣬Լյһϵĸоȷʵˬ
˵λʦС㣬ӡС㿪ʼӣݸļҲȥء
˰һ컯ҡֱϾҲûܡ꣬Ϊ컯ƷбԿûʲôϵС㡭
̾˿¶һмģҲû˵ʲô
˿ʼҲ䣬С˵ŹλС¡
˵꣬¶۵飬˵Ҳܰһλ¾ͺˡ
ԱˣЦĪҪ˵һλܣܽݸţŵӣҲ㿩
ҲЦˣἰһ£ʴλʱݸҹҲΪµӶɣ
ȲǼӦţǲԶΪĲܰһ
Χ˵֪ôģϵĽ
ʵҲ𣿡
šͷûм䣬һǸߣҲƽȵĹϵֻ˰ˡ
гһգʱָԴأ
ʱ򣬶ΪԼıһЩδ
ߣֻǲлֻ꣬ΪţҲǳ¡
ЩʲôҲûбֳ
˴ԼһƬϣ֪Լ룬ⲻҪĵİɣԸģҲŭ֮»᲻ٹ
룬ǲݸයһЩʱաʦҲţʱǿһ𡣡
岢ݣΪֵʱı㲻ʹˣʧȥãϵͳܹ֤ҶС㣬ڵĺҲԽ֤
ʶãǷݻԼΪҶСʼɵġ
ҶСû˼䣬ҶСҪͷ濪ʼµҲֵ֧ġ
ֻͻȻЩãȻ֪Լһʲô
ڵҶСݸǰ֮ǰҶСΪıȥϷҩȡ
ֻȥĵطһ⣬ѰһЩҶСķӡ
ڲȥߡ
ǲ֪λڴµС᲻£Ĳˣʱⲻһս
ͷۣЩ鷳¶һϾ˼˵
ʶҲ֪ߵĺʿա
ʱˣطЪϢɡһǱʦֻϡҪ̽ϢѾ̽ˣ޷µ߶ŹľûʲôҪݣȫԸ˵Ĵꡣ
طͷ
ڸط·ϣ¥ʱЩһ̤ա
СһЩַס
˼صǸ
̾Ϣ¡ҲСĽ
û˵񣬺úõ·ڸ˶¥ͷ
׼Žȥʱ򣬸ڷľͻȻˡ
Ҷѡ忴һ۵ҶѰ꼴ӷڳѺõشк
ҶѰ꼿ʵסһ𣿡
ͷǱһġ
ǡҶѰһֻ˷˳Źˡ
忴ȱϵţܾЩĪ־Щ飬ΪʲôԼ롣
ҲúĪҶѰͻȻðĹŹΪ˻ֽ̿Ҫͬ¡
ƿ߽ݡ
ƣϴһ°ɡѶ£ȡľˮͰҨЩˮٽԷŵľʯǶϵİУܿˮ
彫ʯȡʾϴ
Ųվһԣٳûж
忴ԥԥӣʶȣǰˣѾǵҶСˣҪźҲҪϴ
ߡ±㻽ҡԼĶ漴ųȥˡ
ˣ˿⿪ѣȥմˮϴ
֮ǰ޸ʱǴϲۣ뿪޸ʱϲ۴Ų㣬㽫Լ·
ЩһĵţҪҵһݻƣ׬ʯԺԼһʵķ¡
Ȼ·Ҳܺ壬ĵܾмֲڡ
岢֪ЩһԱȽյķִˡ
һûڴк
ҶѰ
ֻҶѰ꼲Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬾Ȼֻһѣ֮ǰǺºۣһ£ֻǳɫѡ
ʱҶѰǿºͣһʢ˵ѹȸУŴִһʱҶѰ꼶˼ģ˵ĸо˼ѹȡ
˿ǳѣѰŮû̫ˣϸʱ֮ǰһ۾޵գҲƽ
ǱϳˣҶѰ꼿ſǹ˲õЦ
Ī֮ǰһתֵûһЦ
䲻ϲΪٻòϵġ
ϴұһܡţ˵ͿҶѰϵЦˣһ£û粻͡
ҶѰָȥ۽ЦỨԭѺܹﲢǵ°
忴ʲôЦģǾͲǣܰЦˣ
ҶѰ˼֣ѣɵҲȤ᣿
ˡ߿Ժ鷳˲ܵһʱҵ
ҶѰ꼵ҲţʲôҲõ
ֵطʲôԱ˵һ㣬Ÿڵĸڶ
ҶѰ꼸ոЦŵв˺ؿ̽ͷš
ѵѺҲҪӣҶѰѾŶˣü塣
գ̧Ƚӣʲôñӵģ
ԺҶѰȴ˵ûйţķһЩ
ڽеһԺҶѰҲԱߡ
ҶѰ꼴򿪴ȡһƺӣѣҪҪһ
ˡ
ֻȹһξƣҶС㶴ʱ
ֻһƣԺòʡˣ˯ڶ̫ɽ˲ѹ
ǹ𣬲ҹأһЩůůҲǺõġҶѰ꼰ѱӷŵǰΪһ
üûƱȾơ
ԱߵҶѰҲЩ嵹һԺ㿪ʼԹԵĺ
忴ȵúɣɫлмֿ㣬أҲЩĶ
ⱭƺܺúȵӣǶߵĹ΢һ㣬Ӧû°ɣ
Ʊȫ꣬ϾԼľеġ
Сô򣬳һζ
ŴƷ˹ζǳǳľŨĹζ֮
Ǻþơ̾ȻƣһȻǣܸܵⱭ̺жŨ
ҶѰ꼼͵Ƶĳžƣ̲ס¶Ц
ҶѰ˾ƺãЦ
Ƶɲ򵥣ɽľɾƣÿһζѵá
޽磬ССһ͹Щʿȥˡ
Ҳֻ壬ʶֲĵ
Ҷѣƺܺúȣʲô֣ذһˣԺЩͷؽᡣ
˵ö
Ҷѣô˻ͷҶѣ𶯣תˡ
ҶѰ֪û뵽ô죬Ŵٸڵʡˡ
Ҷѣ𶯣Сˤš忴ҶѰ꼲ͣĻȥͼȥץסҶѰ꼣Ҷ
ô޷ץÿζ˸ա
оԼʲôסˣͷһ£һӡ
ӡ
ߴǵƫͷ˹ȥǰˣͼеӰͻȻغˡ
ҶС㡭ૣȽŷûֱԵȥ
оԼûˤۣյ˫Գһ죬Ŵ˿Լ״㷢ҶСĻ
ʶЩңվԺַסҶѰ꼣ҶС㣬ɺЩˣ
ҺܺáҶѰ˳ְԼˤˡ
ĻͬĵͷҲˣҲۡץס֣ԼǰĲۣ
ҶѰĴƵĽء
ЩʧҲҡ
ûСҶѰ͸ЩΡ
ûзǰϽϵĺΣִ˹ȥ㲻ҡ۵ʱ㶼ҡ
ﾡǲ
Ҷ岻ããҲֻʱǷۣǷһָֻץסƵĸоһһ˾ļ·ơ
ʱҹоѣҶСؿڣĵ׶ŵǿ˳
ڣˣҶС㲻ˡ
ˣ֣ȥһҶѰЩգ֪˵ľԭΪɾƵĶͲ£ٺȵ΢⣬ʱٺ£һ¶ˡ
͹ɾƣ߹ӡ
屻ߡ
ҶѰΪ£죬˵¡
屻ȥԺͻȻһ˲ҶС㣬ûʲô
ûСҶѰɫȥ֡
Ժִ̧˴Լһ㣬ôٽң
ôˣ˭ܽ㣿ҶѰ꼽·ˣȥϣЩЪ°ɡĿڲ𣿹ԹɺãҰࡣ
巽ŵʧˣ˳ҶѰ꼵Ļϴ
ҶС㣿ϴԺ󣬹ԹԵظϱӣϢŵһ㣬űӵһǿ˿ǿջıӣ
šϲ࣬ܲ˿ջı죬Ҷˡ㰲˯ɡҶѰһ˵һ߽££ָ΢Ÿˣֲ˽ơ
ػˣҲܵȥˣҲһ߶ҲԺԹԻطŹغԺǲõصصڴ˯ˡ
ҶѰԺȻֱ۽ڻ
꣬ҶСྴһ鶼ûУҶСãĵ׶ҶСҲǻϲġ
Ҳ˳ҶСı£ҶСһϷȥ
ЩֺȻĴ˴껳˵ĸ첲Ҫַůһ㡣
ͻȻס˺ůҡ
뵽ҶСԣͻȻˡ
͵ߵҶѰ꼡
Ҷѣ㡪ӵǰǱǰΧƵġ
ҶѰ꼼ͻȻˣ۵¶ʧ顣
ҶѰҪʱͻȻγذ׵ϣҶѣء
ҶѰ꼿ϤĶذʧЦ嶯ѡ
ͷ˿Լ·챻ǹˣôܲ
μˣ⣬ҪаҪȾƵŮ޲С
彫ذһЩвҳȥ
ҶѰ꼳ֱ̧ۣ壺ѷųҪҵĴҪҰ࣬ôַˣ
Ļʶ
ЩƣֱˣҪЩʱֱʡ£ոһ¶ǣȻˣмʶ
ոպ˾ƣҶѰ꼵ҶСˡ
ĬĬذ˻ҲڻһˣܿҶѰϷʵ
ҶѰȴûŹֹס죬ҶѰ꼱ƽţѰҵ˭ˣ
һλˡ׼ƿҶѰûйͷƵģһֱӵ˴ϡ
ΪĶ΢΢Ĳ;µںڵķ˿һһӳһ𣬿㱡
ҶС㣬ҶѰ꼲¶̬ҶСͬദʱСϰˣʱһ㱣ƺϡ
ֻǣҶС㻹ڸϴȴһǽ֮ĵط˱˵Ĵ
һѵ׼뿪ж㷢Լӷ·ʧһ㡣
ôˣ循
ҶѰ꼷ٴЦŽţţɾƿǺöԺһöأ
ûгãͻȻİһӿʱоɾƵĺô
αϴƵģһһ飬ЩʣЩʹܿǽƵʹࡣ
ҲʱʼɢٴʧȥʶججֻܸоԳܵʹС
ءܲסʹʳ˫ֽץסܹץסһУ
ܿһ͵壬˳磬壬ܿǹҲ
ҶѰ꼼һЩˣ㽫ջأҲֻǰһʹˣû취ֻԼȥ
ʶҧס´Ѫ˳Ŵǻ䣬ҶѰҲü
ԣҪҧԼһЩ
ߵ˵ЩʲôֻǺܿﱻϸҧԼ
ҶѰȡȥͷϵĺˮܿ𪲱ϵĺ˳żصĵطҶѰЩΪѣա
ֽڻŵλá
αϴʹģ൱ڽ죬ʹ಻Զ
ɾãЧȴǰԵһһαٽ죬һֱʺ
ҶѰʱע״һʱüͷԷһЩ
ҶѰ꼸˿
û޷У⣬Ҳ͸ˣǳ֮һΪ˾ĴڣʱǱǵжԵ˫ˡ
Ѿ˯ȥˡ
ҶѰָ֣üģ˳űһ·Ĵϡ
ޡ
ҶѰЦˡ
ħڻϹħѪʶ޵ĵһпѪȵɱ¾֮
ɱòϵɱ¾Լĵ
ӲԼˣΪħħǴŻ
ɱ¾Ͼ޵ĿΪ˷ҪɱеΪǿܿɽڵ׽٣Ҳ޹ʵڵãһһء
ģҪϰõϿɣ˲ܷ
ְ취һѾеĵܶལƫ˵ΪؼΨһ
飬
ԵΪﵽһ̶Ժ󣬶ɽԺ󣬾ͻӭ֤ڣʿһһȥ֤ԼĵûдйԼֱﵽı׼ήݣʿǰɽ硣
̤Ժÿ̤һ̨ףͻᾭһģÿһߴ
ޱѾ޹ĵһôǰ˵ľ飬ֻҪǺô𰸣ϿԼĿ˳ɼˡ
һ֣仹ûгֹĵһµĿߣҵһµĵһһĳĿԡ
ֱע⣬ٷԼ޵ĵΪʲôΪʲôܳΪµ
ֱ޷Ͽɡ
֮ϣÿһ׶Ǻһۣ߹ݣвᱻݣ
޵ıһǰδеĻȷû⣬ϾﲻƲڻ֮ϣֻлܴµδ
ɽԺʵڳٳٲܴ
ȱһ˽Ļʶ˳ȥתͶ̥Ҫһ̬һǶϵ˻ܸһЩС
û뵽ħ˰࣬ǰķ/Ūˣ˻˸
Ե׶ϲ
ˣԵȻˣΪʲôİ󶨣̽ࡣ
ˣӭһ
ħôϲָأ
ɱħ塣
ҶѰ꼲壬ָϸ۵ĲϣֻҪһʹ׾ٵ˽

òϲһĸоӵȥˡ
ԱϤϢսһЩǹǳζٴΰ
ҶѰ꼲š
ȵ˵ڶ죬ʱҶѰ꼴Ӵ
ոմţڵ˳
ҶѰԺԥ˵˾䣺硣
簡ҶѰЦ˵ҹЪ
ɫ˱䣬һĿڣԭˡֲҹѰ
һЩЦ⣬ֻЦݿŹǿˡ
ҶѰһıҹЩˣϢܹﲻͬȥòͣ
ţֱҶѰ˵ǳͳһģԹԺݸѲ߶ӻѲ飬ȷûԺ򿪳ţʱ˱ǡ
ĻԼţҶѰ¥
ǳͳһͣôȥܸһ˽еҲǺһ뷨ʱʶҲ͸ˡ
֮ǰû壬ֿ޷彻ģΪԼıźá
ʱ򣬷Ѿûˡ
¥Ժ󣬱㿴ҶѰ꼺һһò͡
ߣҶѰкòͣ忴Ȼ˿ҶѰ꼵룬ˣһδϴȻȥˡ
ҶѰסʹһһ˲䣬оˬˡ
ҶѰ꼵лߵԱ
ҶѰ꼼Ҳû˵ʲôֻĬĬؽʳ˹ȥ
忴Щ͵ԼǰĳʳǺζģǰҶҵʱ򣬺ҶСһͬòʱҶСҲϲһЩ̵ĵ
ĵԳҡҡͷһ򿴲Щ˼ǨĶ֮ˣû뵽Լ˸մǲݵĸˡ
ĬĬ䣬ԼעЩ߰гרӦЩ̫ζʳ
忴һȻֻǵͷòͣʱʱλ˵仰
̬ȸеʧ䣬ܿĵȰԼ뷨кҲܽԼĸӹ֮
ֻǿͱ̸ĳ棬ﻹǾЩ
Ŷбһ⡣
忴˵ˣҶѰЦ˵ҳζõģӪЩá
ϡͿĳţζȴǲҳȥԺܸоת
ллȻлԺͻȻӲסˡ
оԼ˵⡣
͵̧ͷҶѰ꼣Ҫ
ȻҶѰƺûпİֻӲ˲ǣЦ˵ʱˣҽǻ£һ
һ𣿡Ҫߣѿڶ
ҶѰҡͷһЩŴ˽£ͬС
ҶѰ뿪忴ıӰ΢ʧ
壬˶ԶˣˡҲвֻûбֳ
ȷʵǲϲ壬ҲһǰԵΪԼ̹ȻĽһھ˲֪ܲˡ
ĵ׵ӵҪ˼ˡ
ǿ⸱ʧǵģʱ̲ס
ֻǻһڱˡ
˽ڿ˵ŲǰԵֻ뱣һѵĹϵȴͱ
ĬĬԼܿͷװԼž仰ֻǲһѣûвŰ˽ͷ
ûô࣬ѣʶջ̽ߡ
Ȼ˵Ժ߸·ĵҶСģ˿̵űˣΣر¸ѹҪ
Ҵùͣ뿪
λԭҲһ𣬵Ī
Ժ忴ݸķһ߾̾ݸǿʢһߴ̽ųڵ
㲻Ϊʲôͬһ𣿡
ͻȻڡ
ûӦ仰ʲô˼
ֱ俴ȺеλޣŻȻ˵Ŀ
̫֮ࡣ
ȴΪֲ̬ˣ֮ǰȻʱܶݣܸоǷݸ飬ֻ޷Ӧһֱӱܡ
û뵽һϣ̬ȱ
ܿۿ
巢ĲԾҪʵʱ򣬶˵
Զģһ߳һ߻ֺ֡
һչסȻ˸˹ȥ
˻Ժ˿ǶȻʶ˿
û¾ͺáһĵģ⣬Ҷ˿ջҲ˲Ϣ壬Ǳ߱˵
˴ϸүηңٵүκ
Ǳ궤Ժٺүڤ飡˵˵ŭⶼҪƲסˣ뿪ƽԺ㲻˵ֻһƽˣҵĻˡ
˵Ժ̾Ϣǰ̫ˡݸȻȲǼţʵҲСһһԪӤµС㡣
壬֪¼ѣǾԹ۾ͳԲܣ˵꣬˵壬ǲٲҲ޷һԼ취ġˣȥɢ˸һ״
˵꣬úܸӵĵ׷ëʣôˣ
һԲţλСʦɢǲפݸĻǳϡ
һʱ֮䣬˼žԡ


30 
ͻȻվ, һȭϣ¾û𣿡
ûҲ֪һ·, ƶ, Ҳƶ񣬹ʶ̬Ҫࡣ
Ҫ, ³çȥ̽һǵǰҶСͬ˵ɢ˵мֽ顣
ܺҶСˣȻǶˣɢֹܹ
ж, һĬĬţĵ͸һɷƺͲ͡
ǵ״ŵĸоǺǿ, ǿҪô࣬е·ˣħô򣬸ɱɱ
αСĽִ, Ҫô, Ҫϣڱϡ
ĿһΣûбֳ
Ϣһ˹䷿
е, ԼһԺ, Ǹֻһ䣬ⲻһС, ʶҧҧÿ˶һ䷿
˵ľٶ˿ʱڻ֪ԻǵദȽϺá
ĵȴЩƣ֪ΪΣԼҲĥ壬ֻǼȲܣֲ崦
ʶ컹δڣطϢ
һЩϸڣ֮Żط
ϵͳ㻹𣿡طͻȻоϵͳûʲôڸС
һֱڡ
֮ǰ޸񣬽ʲôʱܷ
ʱԣֻҪɡύ񼴿ɡ
忴˿ԭϽԺ󻹵ٵɣȻɹˣǽٳ²
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ɡܿϵͳ˻
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ɾƣţ֪ɾƶԼ˹ЧɾƲ˽⣬ɽҲ˽⣬ԾɾƷˣҲ֪ʲôá
ңˣճૣȴ۵ϢԼ
оһ˳ǰĵطһСѿĶСܴǸСѿСѿȡ
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ҵһμ֮ǰαֻӪļʵڸʲôûС
С
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Ǳϵͳû¼ݿ⣬ûκ⣬Ը
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ɾơٴૣֵлỹܼҶѣһҪúлл
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ϵͳʲôģ𣿡
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޸ѳһСķԯΪ˴ħϢű֮ĵҶС㡣
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ԱѾżֻ󣬶Ǹƺмֻš
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屾Ա߿ڹ۲ЩŮ޵ͬʱŮеһλӳҲڹ۲
λŮ޳ϸߵŮӶһȻڶϸߡ
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ҲָоֻǰŮ˳úÿڷֵ֮һ˫绨Ҳ
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άϵĴͣһ߾ܵļ··ߡ
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ĴݸռҪԴҺСŶҪĴڡеǣҲֻǲ֪ҴߵʲôˣΪʲôߣ
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Щңϻʱ򣬱ϻСӰ־ܸõİѿЩϸ΢ı飬Ϊϻľ˿Կ־飬ҲɵĽԼļƻһ紵ݶ;ʧ롣
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ϸ˵ĳªо־壬Էͬ࣬ȴгĸоĿֲЧӦëˡ
ϸ˵ָϻܿ¶飬ÿ濡ģˮ飬áðǸúӡ


32 
, ȥɡ͸ǰһһšϸ˽һȤĽ˷ˡ
ڵŮһ뿪
֣ĴųЩ, ˵ôŮ, ӦƫᣬôĪĺгЭú, оͨһ
ȫŮ޵žͻ𣿡
Ҳȫǣֻһ·ҹ۲ƫڲۼҲӦƫһ, Ժɢ֮ϢٷšﲻȫŮ޵š
ĬĬ£һ·۽ǵ⼱ڵ
ڣȻ˵Ǵ, ʵֺռҲǺҶҲࡣ
ݸʵ㲻ö
屻һԺƾɵһطҶҴСƫԺҪࡣ
ȥɡúЪţʦһȥѧϿΣԺﰲĴ, Źز׼, ǧҪ
𣿡
һɵɵӣǻЩ, ԺԺ, Ǳֱ뿪ˣʱ·ϻЩϧ˵, ôÿϧǸɵġ
ˣӣңҲˣ
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ǵ˵ţͣŴķһݡ
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ȹʱ䣬ˣһµӾͻʱҲһЩ
ֺðϲ֡
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ĴһûпЩġ
ѵѺӵĵطб𴦣ĬĬСԺеطûҵ
ҪҪҸʣ
˭˵ǣǾ˵𣿡ѧһԺĿĵ߶ţʵʵڰй۲ǵһһǵĻǶڣҼҪЩǿˡ
Ϊϵͳ̳ǻõִһܣƷ״ӸߵͶУϸоַȻܹĿܣͱٿ־֮

ڿջãҵȶȲȥˣԼ߾ʹǻ
վڿջſȥõҺͻƶɵĿ
ҪסǶҪǱĿջ̽ϢģҪôǹµġ
СЦŴչȥˣ͹٣ڵˣ
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ΪڴóԹԵС˶ӡŮһһƯ벻עⶼѡ
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Ӵ˵ãһõĻƣ֪λ٣СڨЦȻ˵Ҫ˵ȥ͹ȥҿɵҲǰ취
ǻˣˣǴˣûϿ飬һС뵽飬ȻҲ뵽֮ԲȥҾΪѴ޷
СЦ˵͹٣ҪȥңҰšҪȥҲȸ˵ʱǶλˣҰ֪һ
˺ɵؿСЦ˵ģҹһֱڴţλģҲǵãҪǻˣҿ϶֪
áǾ鷳ˡƷʯݸţȥǱ߿һ϶ܻ
á͹ߡС뿪ߺ󣬵С˿ˡſڸƵģ˭ԷǲǸԸһ𣿡
СĵԹţΪſţҺһ
С˵Ʒʯڣɡ
ЦŰƷʯڻ׾ͰһǴ
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С۵׵Ĳ޶ðˣֻǸŭԣĬĬ˳
ϰߺ󣬵СǿſӭͣĵŴæһ£ʿͦ󷽵ģҪĸλ˻ʿⲻ˻һͣʱŵˣ¡
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˲֪Ƶ뷨ӵ·ȥͲ͵ľ¥̽һϢ
ǼεĻƶˣֻ鷳ˡ
Ϊҵ˹ǼͲ͵ĻƣǼ˻شʱ򣬸Ͳ֪˵Щʲôʵ˵ԼʲôҲ֪һٴ
Ϊ˱ⰤǾ;ܵĻ䵱ʱĸ˵̬Ĵģˡ
˺޲ֱӰĸɱˡ
һڵ飬ܹﲢû䵽˵ϡ
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һͷûа̾˿ܿͻȻ뵽뿪ʱ˵Ҫȥյӵĵطȥ
˸е㳡ʱѾûˣտĹ㳡ֻмѲߵݸ
˲Ҷ˼ԺװԼ·뿪
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εһòiŮޣķϣŲޣǷ˽ĸһ㡣
Ƕµӣ֮ǰûнӴķҶҪڵĹغ˵һ顣Ҫķúš
һΣǽʿıҪ֪ĶȻҲһ۽һ;ߵööԶǶҪ׺Ϊ
ʲô֪˵˵ɡú´ˣҲ˵òáҿ˵ͱȱǿࡣҪ𣿡
ŵµǣһججأԼ˼ûУܻشĻأ
˾ʦڿΣ廹ǺشģֻϧڵĳϲԣҲ֪ڵͼʲô
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Ů޼˽Ϊ˻¾бӦٳٵȲӦǾû޽磬Ҳˡѭֻһйɣ˸ĵЩһ֤й򡣡
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ĬĬĻ֪ĵܲЩԺܲȥ˼⡣
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Ů޼ʼΣνа֮˻벻ͨѺ棬ΨһĵаʲôأΪаޣȷʵаɹħħҲ޳ħ硣ôܲأ
Ҹǣܡдۣκεждַۡʽ˳кСԴʿ˳߲Ȼյ㣬˻˿ҲԻ
ǸǣǶô򵥵¡Է˵Ǿܵġ澳ʱʿĻԵһһһһأÿһȫС
ôãҺˣǲڸ㣬ʲôҪƴףֵܻģ˿ûУһҲ֣
ֻ壬ͬаͬȻаʤҲ޷аԼԼоЩˣйӰакҹ
Ůɤӣˣͽκ̴һСƽʱûµʱһɡٸҽ޽Ϊʲô޽ʿֻаħгһգǲ˵ģϣǶܼסҽ˵Ļ
Ů޽һػ˶һ飬츳ϲģôѧѧģҲԽ̵ܿ˶ѧԺɢˡ
֮ڵĵǴЩȥʳò͡
ŮʰöԺ󣬾ֱԼĶ
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Ϊǲ͸¶ݣԲԵúܹŹ֡
ĶھȻΪѧĵһÿΪ⣬ֵĵط
֮㲻̫˵ˣֳȥŮ˵Ļϵͳ¼ƵԺˣԼĥ
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ԡֻôϢ
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尴סеǣһԷصԺϢ
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͵ϮΪʲôҪڵԺ沼󷨣
ûڵ˵ĵ̣Ҫб޻źá˿̺ңһ磬ѧıҲһĶڻûʱһ㷨ḽ棬ʶҲκĺۼ
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Ҫңôõķӡ
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ϵͳҲżǼȿӶ󷨵ʹȣԲκ˲
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ڱ㣿
ִѲߣһ콲εĵӦһعصĵط˵ǹأڲĳֲɴķ򡣡
ڶҲ²ֻǶЩ棬ԲϹҡû뵽һܡҲΪһ·ֻû뵽˱ִöˣҳȥ˾ͻᱩ¶ңӶҲᱩ¶
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ǣֻҪһֱãͲᱻְ
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ַһϸڣ漴ҲԼ״̬úһЩҲ鶯һ㣬ֻǴϻǺܴ͡


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Ȼȫãɿѭܹؾйɣؾеĵʱؾ֮С
ûջ񣬡СҲܺһշ
շʦҡͷްʼջ̫ῩԺˣڼɡ
ʦֻ˵Сؾĵȴûнôֽʼ
Щʲôأ
۲ĵ
ֻãȻһ˲䣬ܿͷӦȻԺϰϵͳṩҲйɵģֻҪйɾǵ
忪ʼ۲ܵĸ֪ΧһС
״̬£Ժнһ
͸й˫ۣŷʱѾȥһһҹˡ
Ȼֻ죬Ҳûʲôýġи㣬оǱɱжá
߿Ҫ֮ʣĶߴߵͽΪʦھ֮ϵ㡣
˫ۣԱߵһʱˣȷϹûԺ˿
һȻʱ䣬ʵ̫ˣҪԱߣʱʱ̽һ̽ҪΪбء
𣿡
ûСڼͲ͵ˣû˹
Ͳ͹Ժû취ԣ֮ǰһżιһٹȵ
ʱΪʱ̫ö
Ļ˵ͷ֪ˡ
µĲڵȨСֻǲ֪Ϊʲô񲢲ϲҲûгӵҪ뿪ĵز
֮һìܵˡ
״̬Ժ󣬾ͷԼ巢仯
е̶ȣǿ˲١
ϵͳ壬ڱ﷢ԼĿʦĶΪֻԼԺг֣û뵽Ȼֱϵͳ
ϵͳʦĲǵ𣿡
ǡǱѾ
ЩڴԼ;֪ûзһ죬ټʦһҪúøлʦ
׼رϵͳʱͻȻӶյϵͳʾ
ϲѧǲ500
ϲѧལ500
ϲѧŶݼף500
ϲϵͳռ䣬500
ߣ
ʼܣ[һ][ֻشһ][ʥһ][򷨹Ԫһ]
ʦżܣ[ǲ][ǧŶݼ]
֣3600+2000
⵽ձԴལǷ趨Ϊ
ԥȷˡǡ
ߣ
ȼ2
Ϊ105
ʼܣ[һ][ֻشһ][ʥһ][򷨹Ԫһ]
ʦżܣ[ǲ][ǧŶݼ]
ལ
֣5600
忴ΪһʱסˣһԼڵֱ֮ǰŨ࣬׳ɳһ㡣
ϵͳһӴҪ׽𣿡
ԪӤ֮²ҪϵͳЩա
˿ڵ߱׽ٵʵ
ΪϵͳģʵҲϣһܲסˡ
ÿζ׽ٵʱ򣬶÷Ӧԡ
ȥҷأ
ܰ˶ûС
ϵͳܰ鷳ʵٺòˡ
ǳ˿ۿɼΧڵҲһ
֣ǼˣûйѺˡ
ִö͹˵ϰߣﲻӦ˿յ
ЩǱ͵͵ˣСʹ뾯һͱųȥˣ
ɻûмֶãԺ󣬲ʱʱ䣬Աˡ
һͬĻλϣԼִõļλӡ
ǼȥԺûʣҲûѵֻǰȥɽԺչޡ
ҶɫߵߣߵӵĿ£Ǹܹͨ
òļСһСʾ
Ǿǣ֪Ҷ֮ǰԺץˡ
ǵԺԺڵЩ˱뿪ˡ
Ҳͬˣûж·ֻǸƵġ
ߺ忪ʼ۲Ժ
ҶͻȻ˵һԺרŵĵտЩޡûУڹȻܹŹ֡
˺ǵദĻᣬ۲һ£ΧûԺ󣬱㿪ʼҶ
Ϊʲô
ҶЦһңһ㣬Ϊʲô֪֪ʲôط
࿴һۣڱ˴пãȻ
Ҷֻ뼥䣬ûдŲ
ҶֻŮޣŮ޵ĹкܶѡΪ˫ޡ
ҶĻһŶ˫ޣ
ʺõĻŻúҲֻǸڲ¯ˡʲĻᱻڻȥȥЩʲô˭Ҳ֪
ҶĻ˵ɫǻͷٿڣ·һͷһһС
ˣҶЦûô򵥵ģûбֶΣͲҪж
忴ʵأΪʲô
ҶͻȻЦЦ۽ỨҪˣΪʲôҶҸֻҹ˵Ϊʲô
ǱҲδҪַӡҶҵĸҲѹҲͬҪΪҶС屨ֻҶһѡôƫķӡ
Ҷ䵽ϡ
ҶԺҽӰҶҵĳǲѪծҪѪҶҵĳˣһҲŹ
ʱɳ˲٣ֻɳĴǾ޴ġ
Щ棺ȻڣΪʲôҪҹ̽ڵ£˿䲻á
㲻ȻҵĺáӰۿ
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ҪڵĹҲܿҶҴСҲӰָҶҴС㣬Ҳ䵽ֵطôԵҶ档
ӰգƻԼļƻһƻ˲˵Ժðһٴƻļƻ
Ӱ̾˿̫ˣͰˡֻϧʱѾӵʱˡֻȽȴʱ뿪֮ǰͲڵڲˣֻǡ
Ӱüͷ壬ԺЩһ
巢ϸ΢ı仯ûϵ
㣬ҪδҪ˷ӡҪȰ
Ȼһ仰ȴ׼ŭӰͻȻץס죬һʲôʸ˵ңʲôʸΪҶʲô
ϽȥţȴӰһƿ
ڴڼ˵ıʹͷŭ֮£ҲƵڵأ壬ûΪ
֪ǲҶǵĻһж̫˼ˣǲǣָôԼ֮޵Ѫϵأ
ҶҶеһ̣ѾȷԷˣȷ
Ϊʲôû͸ˣָʵƾʲôƾʲô
ҶңҶҶûˡƾʲôţƾʲôءӰͻȻˣ˫ֱסϥǣȥ޵òѡ
ףںţڽйԼʹҶҸʱӦڳǳ
ͼοȴһѻӿ֡
һᾡǳȥӴؾԺھҪ֤ӵˡʱᰲµ˫ޣѾɫĿꡣҶҵĳһᱨǲùܡȥľȥģʲôʲô
վҶ׺Ͱ뱾ȻˣǾͺúûšǧˣһƲġ


34 
֪Ҷζʲô, 忴ҶСµӰʯȻⶫҪԡ
ڿʱΪ֮һ, ҶҷĶ, ҶѾ־
ǰ, Ҷ˵侲취δء
죡
Ҷۿġ
Ҷ׼ȥ̽Ժʱ, ʱһС˲ʱɫ
ƽ£
ָоݸʱƽֿҪڵʱܵ޼߶ĸо
Ȼ, Ǵ˵ѹǺǿģ˴иеսؿ־ˣǿߵļɵͿ־塣
̧ͷһͻȻʵ죬ӿٶȱܵĽߡ
ؿԺ飬ﴫǿѹرɫҪԭ
彫, ҶҲʶӴнıٱ˳
ﲻ, Сһ㡣Ҷǡ
ͷͷѯǰĶڰɣ
ڵġ
Ǿͺá΢һЩ
ʲôΣ, ԪӤ֮, ׷ֱܸӵһԪӤ֮ϵĻǴʿ, ֻҪûжñ/̬ķ׷ҲһϢʱ䡣
ʱ㹻óпˡ
Сһ㣬޳Ҷѡ
һ˵ںʦ鿨֪ʶֻҪȡһʦļ䣬֪޳ʲô
޳Ĳ߳챦䶯
ûһԺ￴޳
ˣܣ
廰û˵꣬Ϳ޾ۼһһ˫۾Ǳƽ
ҪתӣҲʱŷ֣Ժűˡ
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˸֮ǰľֱһССıԺĴʹã޷ֺ
˱Ժ޷ȥֻ취롣
Ժ˵ǸԺӣȻԺӵռɽΧԺǽ󷨼ӳֵΧһԾ뿪ʵûǿʵֻܺЩһ𣬱
ԺͻȻıʣע⡣
ڵʿչԮ
Ҫֵʱ򣬽˵ԺӦû˰ɣӶؾˡ
ԮˣȻûе棬ǾɲԱȻ˾Щ淢ййɡ
Ժ׳ʲôˣü˿ڵӻѾų뿪ˣõֶ١
ͻȻ޳򵥡Ͽıʣһˡмµӣͽȥˡ
ոȥɽӵҲڴ˿̸˹ڵıʣɫһ䣬ô£
ϱ齩ס˵Ժ֪Ϊγ˱޳
Ǽأ׷ʡ
Χվŵʮˣû˶˭Ҳ˵
Զü֣Ⱦǡ
üû˵ĿƽؿǸطµӣˡ
ģ϶з޳Ÿոտʼھǻü٣ͼȰ˵ˡ
Цܲһ㣿˶ʮ꣬û蹻ڵĵӣ޳з淭ʬ嶼ûʣ˰ɡ
ڶ䳰ȷ꣬Ը˵ĸоЩһˡ
ʦ㣬侲ЩüǧֽԸסˡ
һᣬ޷ӿԪӤʿüеȾǰɡü϶ü
ʦ㡣ü̾˿ʦȻȥϢɣһ취ġ
Ի˵ЩʲôüֱӶִˡ
˽ߵŮӣȥϢ
ԺⷢıʣԺڵһ֪æأôܳ뵽顣
ҶֻΧԺеٱҲˡ
ûơ
ԱܿޣЩ޺񿴵óǼ֮
޶ˡ
ߣЩ޺ߣ̫ˣൽ鼷һ𣬾ǳˮӿ˹ССƿ壬ֱҲԡ
屾ûв
Ҳ޵İΧȦУϮúǱ
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Щ£һִӳĺսӣҪһȥúɱһʹ졣
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֪ΪΣذ׺ϤӦý˳֡
˽Ҳϵͳ̳óʦĿ
һȻΧ޸סˣ֮ǸӼҵķˡ
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ЩǻޣȻ࣬ҲǴӦŵΪʳõġ
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ڳ˵ʱǰڿѧĿػ˳
ͽ׿ػֵ+5
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ߣľïܵĵطȥ
Щ˷ֱֻײ֮ǰܹʱܿûʲôӣײͷѪ֮ٶȱ
Ƿֱ֮ӽɭ֣ïֻܵ赲һӡ
У̫ˣ̤ƽɭֵġҶͷЩޣһ߶һ߹ƻĿԡ
ƾԼľ鿴óЩ޺пֱܻײ׷ǣֵֻܹͬΣգϾҲ֪ԺжޣڳĻȫޣǽͶ
Ҳ޶ͱصĴͷҲһЩޣóյޡ
Ƚȥа취Լʲô취ֻϣҶʱĻ
Ҷȷʵ뱻һָ㽭ɽƣĪŷĻ
Ҷڱһֻ͵Ϯ˵˼Ժһ˲漴Žҿɱ˵ˣ
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ǼܲסﻹײеĴ컹ףожѸٵ࣬ڱ֮СҲˣµǴӿһЩҰʮȮ
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ڻȱһۡ
彫һ׷ȥ
׷ȵԪӤʿȫһۣ󷨳˵һ̣һɲǼױֱ˳£Ƶʱ䶼ûС
ֻҲУֻٶ̫죬˶޷
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ǼϢ֮䣬ΪԲ㣬һ׽º˲ӿо£޶ΪҽԶЩޣҲը飬ԶһЩȫʬԶһЩѾоΣգֱӵת忪ʼ
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巢ֱӵڵϡ
ͽӰﻹΪһλˣû뵽һ֮ǰȻ
ոպǱʲôסˣĿǰ˽⵽ĶԣбסĸоҲʲôסǡ
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ȴ˵һЩԵˡҲûбǿֻڽ
岢ûѣֻǴ5ս105Ȼ105ս˵״½ˣݸһҲڻһĴڡ
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Щ𣿡
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岻֪Ϊʲôһֱ߶ŷʣӰĺҶҳ˸Ů
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ӰﲻʹǸǺԼΪ˷ϣҵһˣӷˣԴԼĵ׵ѹ
ЩĵĪЩӡ
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ڸιһԼϾһҪٸԣƾûоҩˡ
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ڽӰﱳϣʹҧ߳
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Сģбӻ󷨡֪᲻ṥǣԿӰøʯͷȥûκηӦ
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ڰȫˡӰȻԼСҶ
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ʲôУ¿ţܽ𣿡
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ҵʲôǸϤǸԼԺЩ仯ƺøǿһЩҲڵ︽Ȼʱһܿµ¡
ȴûתڵ
ûڵʹ޷޳𵤡
ѵΪ֮ǰǽʿԵʣнҲֻһΣ
˵ԼⱲӶֹֻ޷һ
д󺧣ϲɫֻУһ˲óĬϢѹ˼֡
ͼѯֱ仯ԵʣһԲ
ûˣϢһɡȻʿ˯ҪϢ
ǰҹͽӰȥ˯оɱ
ʱӰ￿ǽ˹廹Ū󷨣߹ôнչ𣿡
ӰЩôȤԣֺҲûʲô仯Ǳֱȥ˳ʣµһЩУһ档
Щչˡ̧ͷЦһ˼·˸㿴
嵱û˵ʶȤûʡ
СԺߣһ˯ýӲ壬Ȼȥʲô
ʳкܶ࣬ǵȵޱƽϢӦǿԵġ
Ҳ֪ڻ᲻Ժ¡̨ϣССڵĳţȻͦݣȷѪĲɱģ˶˰ڵİ
ĵȴţԸȥصڵӡ
Ҳúܲ޷ǣӶ޷͸ò
֪ܲܰȻȹҲ̾Ϣһ
ӰѾںЩˣţһ˶Ϊ˸ҶұԸҶ˵ݣѧ˫ޣûʲôںˡ
вˣҲˣɼ֣ʱҲȥҶˡ
ֻϧҶôˣһġ
ӰûʲôθڣǿӲرԼһ˶ӡ
ԵüҪ³ˮһ¶ǣԽԽ̡
໥һۣڶԷ￴޴룬֪ӰӦ뵽ҶңǶ֪ôοӰ
һûʸ˵οĻʱ˵ʲôοġ
ȽӰ꣬㿪ʼȻޱ鲼ĵطŨأҲϡúȡãҲֻ
Ӱĵѹųޣʱ̵
Ĵ£ҲʼС
ĿǰϢ巢Ժ忪ʼϢ
壬ߵһУĸܡ˵ĶԼġ
˼Ȼ
һԵĽӰһͷˮúɵˡ
İ취ôѧȫһ
СʱϢȴѧʲôƣȻϢĽ࣬ԼĶ٣ȥЩ飬Ȼѧܺе
˵ķӣ
ôأôܣĸܣôķӣ
Ӱﳢһһ
һͷѾˣѾʼѧתתˡ
ܳһֱŵı/̬Ӱܴ


35 
̵֪ú, 츳ѧúã֮ɫڵʱѾ, ҳɹﵽһס
һ죿һ, ֱӵһף
ҲģҪȷ֮΢Ѫϵ, ҪǰǱܶ
Ӱ￴װЩ˼顣
ı仯Ȼ֮ǰǿһЩʵԶԶ
ûĸо, ÿһϵͳṩΪһ¾ǽתٰϵᴿ
ͨʿֻתȥᴿ, Ϊʱûʲô̫Ч
ֻû޷ˣŻеûȥЩ
Ժ棬üӦöƽϢˣ׼ȥԺĽ򿪵ʱ򣬷Ľɺι̣ıӦû, Ҽǿ˲١
ô£ϸ, ٳûΪʶǺ
ü֣Ϊʲôǿˣ
ȱĽ, ĿľΪ˷ֹԺ޻ᱩ, Ի½磬ֻҪܹܵ޵ҰԳһֵ, ôԺΧĽͻԶ
ҲΪʲôǽȥԺ󣬴űϾҲ򲻿Եʡ
ֻе޵ıƽϢԺ󣬽ԶŻֹͣ
ǰҲû˵ΪĵһԺԼ֪ʶжϱʱƽϢ
û뵽ã춼ȥˣӦöˡ
ҪҽȥϽ𵤺ڣܹȥҲֻǽȥˣϾ̫࣬вˡ
üûͬ⣬Χ졣
ֱǰ֪ͨݸǸСؾͻȻˣǽȥԺؾֱʧˡ
ʧü첻ѣ˶þȡ
ؾڵͲԳһ磬ҲϰȥؾڵһУʿؾУøΡ
ǰ֪ͨݸĴ֮ڵͽ
ΪڱչأţһβûнؾҲؾһʧ
һҪ֪ͨǡǰҹڵͻȻ궯ʱڳϺͷѹΪżȻϢƽֵѾӴܣСݸǰĳ򡣡
ǰȥӪȰաö⡣
üû˵ըëˡ
ˣ˭ȥԺ滹أŵľӢӶȥСؾڻ˭ȥ
ڵͽ˾ͽ⻰ϺΣ˭ҶѵĲֹڡ
ҲҪһҲûǿӲҪ˼ұ˳ȥϾڴҶѣӽؾˣĴʵ½һأδݸ¼ɴδ֪ء
ʱ˭ҲԸٰԼĵɳȥϾǹغδŵʵ
»Ҫȥһڡ֮ǰţΪãϾҵͬΪĴڡ
üȻ֮⣬ʵݸϴʱܹȥһҲܲһ
Ȼڵĵʧ˲٣Ŀǰĳ鲻ʲô֣ҲһֻҪڣǻڣײû˾ûˣˡ
˾ͽͽż̳ˣڷؾԺ󣬵һʱӦԣеӣٵһʱ佫ݸĻȨȨС
Ͼһؾ¹ͻҪ׷ʧĻڵʧģ˭֮ǰǵһڣӵеؾء
ںˣԽȥĵҲࡣ
˾ͽԺ󣬶е׷üŸô졣
ô죿ȥԮüɫôҲԪӤʿˣΪһʧ̬
üûʱȥˡڵĳϻ˭
һ£ҺĳϣһȥؾϴӡڱչسԪӤĿǰҲ޷ж
üͷŸߵЩӣһЩֻ̰ˣ㲻ǵӡ
ȥڵӣȥʮڵӡóҲֻЩˡʣµ˸ţ⡭ȥ֪ͨǸڣݸǼңغϵ
üֻͻجЩʧ̬ȶˣҲͻعˣԺвƬ̾ӦԷʽ
ʱܻţԲͻ֣֮ڱ㲻ˡ
ȥԺһȦŵӺңŵӸղʮ
ԭǰѾʲ̫õĵͳȥһĶʲɹģʲҲֻŵӣʵΪϣ츳ҲǷȱҪЩ˲Ÿոţûбķӡ
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ģ巢ڵ˴ˣΪҵԼҲڵˡ
廹˻ڰºûг֣ȥɢҪ˵ˣҲиȥԩĵط
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ֻû뵽ߵſڵʱͻȻһ죬֮ͷֵһɲ֪ѹ
ǿϢѹ΢һ㣬˵ؾˣĴڳˡ
ʱ򣬾ͿС޳ݸĻ˹
һ㻤޶вã⣬ǲԸ⿿ġ
ȻһΣͳͳҪĸɱϮȫʧȥһĳ˹²ֱٰӱ޲̤
ڳϿۣ֯ʿȥˣŵһˡ
޺ܺô򣬱ϾСֻżϢԺݸʼ֯ʿȥĳˡ
ԹЩɢ޳
ݸѵİǣллλˡ
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ڽڵʱ˵ľԮСӽҴͱȺΧסˡ
ʿڴ䣬аҲ˴롣
Ԯ𣿡
ʲôʱԮ
ȺķˣôҪʲô
˵ˣʡɱްɡ
ɢ𣿡
ɢڸפĵѾȥҴ⣬Ϊ޹ֻҪץʱѰתƾУû뵽Ⱥǳ׷ˣ붼ˡ
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ڽڱĴǶ˺ͺӣ˺ͺΧмǼ̥ĸˡ
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ʿͷһۣԽԽ࣬ʮֻҲˣ޵ĹҲС
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С壬Цü
óһƷʯݸ
СӹԺ󣬷ǳɴս˲Ȼϲ˵λǰŸˣֻӦñڳҩҪѰ˿⴦
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뿪˿ջԺֿͬѰˣһһš
ڵʱڳϵһһشҵˣ֮ѾϢõ˻˿ջ
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ٴξһֻһԿ֮࣬ǰȻҲܳ죬صԻأһóĬ
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ݸңҪٴԳħϢݸİҪ궯ˡ
Сؾħ뵽ҶС㼸ǰؾеԼҶ䡣
ͷǲ֪ڵݸȫ쿴һЩĳ֣ӦطԮһ˵ɢ˵ʹҲڸ·ϡ
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ħħҶѰ꼺ڴһ㣬ЦݸĲȣǾͲҪ̸Щˡ
ͷӦ£ֻǳԷʱûסҶѰ˵ؾпܻħֵ¡
ҶѰһ£ʲôҲû˵һ㣬æҩģҪġ
ϸ۲̬ħûٴνԼƮĻɲ


36 
ûҶѰ, Թ緹Ժȥ
˵СŻǳһȥɢפأҲһȥԮֵİա
Ͽûʲô, ֻ໨ʯԺ, ˵ڤȢٷ˵ķֱ˾ˡ
ӦǿǸ˵ᱻĹˡ
ʻ겻, Ȼѹ˵ҿ϶ⱨӦˣС㶼ؼţ϶ǲǣҵ
忴ǰ˵, һ˵̲꣬סЦЦһģô֪ôҵϢ
ϽӲһ˲Ц˵֪, ڶǣȻϲʲǫ̂棬̶֥£Ƥӵ¶ǲزסġ
Ҳ˵ҽҵ£ܵԺ, ˾ͻ֪ˣƵ, ſʼ
ˣ¶ŵ飺ӣˡҾһ, ôı°
γ, һҲαװˡ
Ӹƴˣ
嶯Ѹٵתܿ˵Ϯ, ȻȻؽལʹ˳
ལһһʽ͸ɱΪ˽սʱܹһбƵĽ
׾پ˵ͷ
Ρ
Ĵ+10
忴ڵĽѾ˰ٷ֮ʮ壬ڿǰûˡ
ָɾ䣬ɱˣ
Ϥͷϴ̧ͷžƺϵҶѰ꼡
Ҷѣ
ҶѰƺ£ǰҶѰۺϷʵ鿴Цʵôö˶˵ɱˣ
Ҷѣҳҵ߹ҽղɱձɱҡ
㲻һҸܣݸûʲôʵʯɲ٣ҶѵСܣӦûֺ°ɣ
ȫвĻ巢Ц
Ҷʵȱʯˣȥ֪һɡΪҶѻЩʯҲֵġ
ҶѰ꼿һۣ컬ࡣ
ЦЦƽ˵ֻģദʱҲ˵
ֻǲΪʲôҶһǺܷɣɵ϶Ƥ
ȻҪɱڣǱóЩҶѰȡһŷݸ
ӹţʲô
ʬ֮¶޷ִ˷ãɱ˻ʬĺöҶѰڹ۲塣
ǲϸµȥɫʼɫ糣»Ǽɵ
ŷţϸŷģз̺
ҶѰŻʬоˣɵЦѣлҪѧЩ
ҲʶԼһŷЩףεڨЦƶûֶ
㵹̹ϡҶѰЦʮŷݸȥоɡ
Ͻ֣ⲻס
ʲôףѣߣֻһЩֵǮС⣬ưˡҶѰ꼰Ѷŵϣת뿪㴦£࣬Ͳ¹Ħˡ
ҶѰԺ忴еķ
ϵͳһЩ
С
ֱǣƷƷţֵ൱ԪӤȫһпɽ֮Ч
Ʒ׷ţɼʹߵٶٷ֮١֮ͬȶʱ׷Ǽӳٶѵ
ǻӰţսʱô˷ŸӰŵӰΪ뱾ͬΪսпԽʵű
񻯶ţħ֮ʹ̨߱
ȻǸʿһʶˣ֪ԼЩļֵ
ЩӦö˰ɣ
ֵûС
ʮŷֵһǧİٶƷʯ
ǧƷʯϽ׷ӣȴûѰҶѰ꼵ټ
𣿡
̫ˡ
ϵͳΪʲôԼΪض¡
˲øϲصĶ
ѶպãȻŻʬˡ
ʬЧǸոõһ˲䣬ʬǰ˻ҽֱҽֱʧˡ
ȻûС첻ѣǿ
ƷʬȻǿݼ⣬ħսϣ˫սʬķս֮ʹãڽ
ϵͳĽͣҶѰ꼵ֽ֪⿪һ㱡ɴ
ܿӵֵ࣬ȴǿòУֵһСеˣ𺳵տ̽ıɽһǡ
Ҫ´μ棬һҪѯҶѵʵΪҶѰŹֵĺġ
²ܷ˭ϣӦöһɣ
һͻȻֵˣŰȴҪκλرһһֺϤĸо
ͷʬʧĵط̾˿˳
ȥҩ̼ҶѾͻˡ
صջԺշת࣬ʵ˯ԺоҶѰ꼸Щ
ܿЩĺתԭΪʲôҸ治ܺ棬ѵΪҵ
ΪҲǻ˽ƣ޷ѧϰķġпΪЩںϷ
ںϷ˼ܵĴмйںϷ֪ʶںϷǼ͵ķһзһµķΪ˱Ⱪ¶ںϷԣһͨķΪαװ
Ϊ˷Ϊ˷ֹսʱó˲ͱ˸ƽˡ
Що͸
ƫƫ˿׽͸Ķǣĺģеס
һû˯ڶ춢è۳ˡ
˿ֱţ壬û˯𣿡
о˵ţԼоһϵĳɹ˳
һĻӰЩ˼ΪԭӦǡǻӰƳǵ̵ֻ˻Ӱ
ӹеȻ壺ǾǻӰļ򻯰棿
֪⡣
ҡҡͷֻ֪Ǿ֪
ԱߣͬŻӰĶԻһθо˵Ļ£˵ĻᶼûС
ˣ˵ʲô
֪ͣǻӰȴ֪ݡӦ֮ǰļµһЩӡ֪ȴ֪顣
ˡ
˺ĽһжСȻʧȥ˼䣬ûȫʧȥżܵõǰļӳ֣ʱҲ°빦һƲȱ꣬ΪҲǧ˵ٹþ׷ˡ
壬ǰû޷Դ뿪ҶԺ͵õ˲ٵĻԵЩԵûҲˮС
ٿԼңؾظʦұţʦʦֵǶûʦ죬ѧñҲ࣬˰ѹѧĶó׽޷ˡ
ȥᱻСԶԶ˦ʱһͬеĻᶼûˡ
˳Ĭм򻯰ĻӰ壺̽λ
忴ĺѧǵͷԡʵԭܼ򵥣ŪӰԭԺصķľͿˡ
ͷԭʲô
ǻӰʵ֪
üͷ𣬵ˣı𰸶ˣ
Ӱԭʲô˲ʡ
ס֮¶˱˻ѽı飬Ŀİ˵һ䣺ǣٵӰӣ
Ҫô˷ѽ⣬ûʼѧѾоѧϰʹˡ
˵Ķô֮ǰλʦ̵ûҪҪѧϰŰɣ
˻ʹߣü˼֪ʲô˼
óָķһĽ⡣
ñǲʵǿջٵ˼ﻭһٷ
ʹࣺʲôļٷ
ļٷƭ˵ļҪһļٷõֶΡ
ټ٣ҪˡãǵоԼӶҪɢˡ
ȴǺ͵˵ټ١ʱ١ƭˡ
˾ãԼҲƭˣҲ֪滹Ǽ١
Ϊˣ˵ΪΪǻӰֻһ򵥵ĻӰôͿʡһЩ衣粻עԭʵɱУһעŸԻʱҲ˺ܶࡣٿļȻȡģϾһû취ҵΪʽĻǾͰȻ룬ͿԻȻҲ
Ҳһհ׷õֱӰԼעȥʱ°빦ȳʼӺá
һͷˮԽԽԺ
һԵӴȡ˿հɰʣĽ⣬һһģ彲ʱҲǻӰļ򻯰渴˳
ڽ΢ֵһ̣Ӱˡ
忴˳˿
˵Լô϶ܹģӦ˵⣬Ͼҽ޺ͷ޻Ǵвͬġ
˿׾ٵĻ˳ʹˡ
ԼһûϣΪʲôС׾پͻˣ
ʦ֣ٸ˵һɣ忴Ǹ飬Ĳ̣Ǿ˵ϸһЩ
ҡҡͷˡһǶʯʱһЩɡ
ȻѧϰȴȤȻֱӻ˷оŻӰ
˾úܴ죬˾ʦѧҽҽޣôͱȲ·ҵɢأ
˺ܷѽ⣬ŵ
һȥҩ̿æҲãҲգܹ֮æ˼Ϳԡ
˵ȥֵİգǳĸˡ
뿪ʱ˵һûиţֻڿջоӰ
˱·˸ȥ˲ͬҩ̡
ҶѰ꼵Ǽҩ̣ȥľվҽҲܷá
ҩԺ󣬾úܲԾԽĲ˸ˣ忴ܾЩԾǽҲôĲˡ
λˣݵع˵ˡΪղˡ
⻰ô˵˵˻ġ
̾˿֪ⷢ˼ϸóŨĲˣΪ޵Ķû뵽ĵ·ˡ
߲ʣҶѰ꼱ĵ¡
ͷǰ
ҶأһԺûпҶѰ꼡
˵ķ˿ܣҩ١ڵҩãҩ˿ܸˣҶСһų˳ȥ˷ˡ
ʱ˷ҩǮͲӦ𣿡Ȼ
Ц˭ܷ˲׽٣ɽġһȺϲ̨߹ʲôܿһһ졣ĶʲôıӦ
屻һѣԭء
ԭΪʿԼڿЩ֪츳Ƿȱͷ˷ҲΪңôЩȻȻη߻ֱΪǰӬͷСаһ
ֲЩ˵Ĳȣ׾پħ
Ƿ㣬Ǹû񣬹ʶҪʿ޾η
ܽˣ
ûȥЩɽ˵飬ҩרİæչ˲ˣȵڵʱ֪ͨȥж
Żһȥҩ̺ԺĺŴҶѰ꼡
˶ƣһۼ˵ӣҶѰ꼴Ⱥһ͡
һ㣬һ㡣ҶѰ꼶ǣȻۣǺϾЩǾĶ
ҲȥᶫȫʰˣҶѰֲ֪ŪһƣϺеĺš
Ҷѣһл˳𣿡ЩǷˣȻ֪ҶѰ꼵ΪӦúܸߣ˵ĸʲ󣬲ΪѣǻЩǡ
ҶѰһֱڿ£ĻŤͷЦʵ㣬ڵ𣿡
š岻һŤˣȴǺܵҶѰ꼣Ժܸɴĳˡ
ҶѰЦ֣ҪҪ
Ҳûп󣬹һüչˡ
˿û¾ͺá
ҩʦǵˣҪҺ𣿡ҶѰָһ̨¥ĶܣЦǶ徻
ݶ
ϵĵǧǧ򣬸˲ͬԼĵ𣿡ҶѰһơ
Ҳ֪óʲôƣζĺãŨǵ··ĺþ֮ˣͣһź뿪
ĻЩ޴ҡͷûѰԼĵأĵʲô
ʲôܣһ˵û˻ԼΪܣҲû˴ĵȥԼĵ
Ǳ֪ˣ뷢跨ĵģǽĻһ
ǹϵ׽ѯһ˵ĵðΪ
ҶѰἰģ巴Ҳ
ҶѰ̧ͷ£˼Īã˵ҵĵǻ𡣡
𣿡оȣ϶¶˲졣
ҶѰ꼿⸱ŵı飬ûסЦôаޣ
岻аޣа޵Ĺ⣬ɷ֮ŨҶѰ꼸˸о׺ͣ⼸ΪİգҲӦãôǻаأ
ûлаޣһ㻳ħ
ʲô֤ݣʵ˵ֻƾһָоˡ
û֤ݵĸоǱ˶÷ѽĶ
һһεȥ֤ҶѰ꼵ǲħ
ոҶѰ꼵ˣ޲еƽȰݵĸоħһ㶼ǰԵеģֻǽӴܸо鼱꣬Ƣ볣˲
ĵʲôĵЩ棬ʲôõ
ҶѰûֱӻشֻǸ֪ʲôǵ
ҶҲûʦ𣿡Ϊûʦţû˴Уеͺ֪ʲô
ҶѰͷ
޸ĸС۸ųûʲôöҲûʲôˣһֱۻ֮ءһδҵĵֻһС
徲Щ
ҶѰͻȻ͸⣬ʮ꣬մȾһǧٶɱлҲ޹ĿˣʱΪҵĵǾɱ
üͷǿάŲ״̬ʵͷѾκˡ
ɱૣѽɱǰϵ
ҶѲ𣿡
ɱĵֻһױ׼ױ׼ˣἤɱߵɱģʱбɱ˵Ŀܡ
ĬһҲĵ׷Լ²¡
˵Ǽٵģɱ˺񾭲ҲûʲôˣΪԽߵɱԽǿûɱһɱԽأеĵҲԽȹ̡
㡣һƣƮƮ˵š
ҶѰͻȻЦˣһɱãءʱجΣҹѹᾫá
㣬Ĳȣ˵جΣɵʳ仰ԺԼȲ˼ЦҪǵȹ̵ĻҶѰҲɱתΪ
ҶѰͷȷʵȡһЩ޹ˣǸɾ꣬᲻ûһԥħħѲΪ˲ħأҷɱ
Ϊʲô˻ɱʲôͬ
ҶѰ׷ʣȤؿ壬ЩԺҶѰЦ汦

ҶѰ꼣ȥ˽һʱһЩıҵ뷨ʶһλ˽Ľɱ˺ܶˣӲħءҺܺ棬һˣɱ˳ǧʮͬ࣬ΪʲôһƬ̹Ȼ
ǽĻΪԲ̹Ȼɣӻ
ΪʱҲףɱɱ顣ֻɱܳôϵаǶܷ
ǺأЩתġ
ҶѰȴûм˵ȥɫˣæҲˡҲЩȥЪŰɡǻ£´һȾƵʱ˵
ҶѰ꼻ȥӰҲɫʧ
Զ˫۱ϥ͸ãȻĿһԲ¡
յ˼䣬ӦɣǰʦҶС㡣
ԼǰĽ𵤣ҶСģ΢΢ȡ
һֱߣȴ޷ѰƺҶС㵱ͬһ
ͬһǣȷʵȫͬˡ
ԼЩˣոպȾƲô͵ģ˵ľҲ˲٣ٺž÷Ρ
岻֪Լôصջģһʱ򣬷˺
ƣ켸ҹȥƵġ
Ҳͬƣߣ̬˺࣬۵ú޾Цݣϻ
ЩԻģżԶľ룬ҲܸоЩ̺
ˣյĴѾˣһ翴óЩƷ׵˸ǴڱıԵ
˺֮Ĳ࣬˺ħ֮Ĳ໹
ţҪҪ˻ˣ
˼ˣǴ壬ҹȥˣôôƣ
ʵȵò࡭ɫ΢죬ҲźˣոռԼҹôˡ
ҶѰȥȻ˻
ȵò࣬ˣûƬ
ǵҶѰ꼿޸ͣҪҶѰ꼻ޡ
ֱ̧ס˫ۣѣҶѣ
һԿţҲ״̬Щ֣ԺѾһӰˣÿܾΪǸˣŻˡήҲ
뿪Ժ壬ҹ˭Ⱦˣ
ԣ㶣ͷθˣֲԼЩʲô
Һ͡
𣿡ʡ
Ϊ죬ʦôʣ
֪ûѣ֪ԣ˿Цû¡ֻʡ
ɺؿ
˵˵ʦڵɽʱˡûм𣿡
ҩ̰æǳб˻ĲˣʱߵĲ˱ڳǶ˵űΪƣҹֺҶѰֹԸоǷ
æһЩڣл
û¡ҪҪòͣӦˡ
Ҫ·ʱ򣬿忴ߺ˶ʵ㲻ȥ𣿡
壬˵ǰǵµĹϵôҿҺǷ
Ҳŷϸڵģǰܺã΢գЩڰ롣
һŷϵΥ͸С
ǰǵ𣿡ɻʮֱ׵
뵽˵ҶСĻĳ˳ҵ޷˼ˡ
ǵ¡֮ĹϵЩӡ岻֪ν͡
ǿһ𣿡
ǡϽͣΪ˱Ҳ²ܻҶСʢȻƾҶСĲл꣬ҲԸҶС㱻⡣
ҶСؾϿʼһֱ޸طꡣ
Լ֪ÿһϸڶ˵ͻȻһҪĶûн
ǰ뱾ҩеĶͬһ彫ҩݸ
ǰ뱾ؼҩ˿Ȼֽҩ壬õˣŰɡ
ĶƴǣҩѾˣԺлϵͳ֮ⲻʹҶؼġ
ȴңҲܲסֱ֪Ҹס
ˣϰ벿
忴к϶ΪһؼǸӡ
ұţȽᵤˣٻ㡣ԼڽһջҲʿؾҲգôأ
һ뵽ҶС㣬ҶСǰЩı
̾˿ϵͳһ£Ȼһ˽ܸ񣬽˽ȥ
ΪѶŽ˴Ҫһֹסˡ
ȴǺסǱؼѡţӦðٷְٵţԱûѡ
ûʲô·ԮҩҲ½½˹һЩҩʦҲŹˡ
ȥҩתһȦֲ࣬Щ棬һʣ֪һҽݸҽǳ˵ãе֢˶ӵ˳ʱԮ¥
ֿȷʵ˲١ɢ˵ҲˣĹҲˡҽ˲ãϷҩȵĵӣһֱ
룬Ǹп˶Ľǿҽ֮ͬǸɽֹ
֮䶼;
ȴ׽ǼۣϷҩȵӡ
ҽ˿ںδȲ
ӦڳҲȥ˳⣬鿴ޱԭ򡣡
ޱˣٴ׷ʡ
ҡͷ㰡֪ȥ濴ÿã֪ôأ
Ц˶Щ£οǰǵ£ϼһҲϲ
ֻϧæҲѲҲҪȥλҽһѧЩ¸ãѧհһҩȵӵķҲС
סˣϽǱȥ˳
ֹԼ뿪ҶѰ꼱ҩ̣ʱø⾫׼ǹƵġ
ҶѰԺ̬Ⱥǹ
λС㣬Ų뿪
ҶѰƳһۣԽˡ
ҡƿ
ҶѰȥ˺ԺһһŮ˴˽
ӹݼ
ҶѰҩģӦħϢԺͷҲص˵ëӺʱܸģ
˻ħôڵϣС߶š
ҶѰ꼻ͷϣǱħסƵģ޷ˡ
˰ɡҶѰûкƽϣڿΪԼйħо־ʱҶѰ꼱
ҶѰʣҶҵ²ôˣ
ȷʵħټһЩаҲ˽ǡ
ֹ
ҶѰ꼣Ҳѧķĥĥӣ
ǡҶѰ꼵ĲͷǸϽ˵ҵĹУҲˡ
ҶѰ꼵ҩֶס̶Ц޲һ򲻳ħΪΪ˳ħҲҪˣ
ԴӲûԺ޽ȺţӣĻмסģЩ죬еΪԼı˽ķˡ
ǲмΪħЩαޡ
ҶѰȷʵ꣺ΪȺˣħһսĲڲš˵ǷȻħǧ޵У׾ٵĻˡ˵ֲųħһ͵
޲Ϊݣ״½ıؽħ壬Ƭˣ
ħ嶼ģҶѰ
Ǽ˰ħŮˣһ죬ħ彫ؼϵ壡
ҶѰЦû
ЩСħ²󣬿СһͦҰĵġ
ԼҺ˳ߵ׷ͲǵĽȡˡ
ҵʱ򣬷Ѱһڴˡ˵һѱ֮⣬ֱӻħ塣
мЩɵӹħ޵սδƽϢǺüħռϷ磬Ǳһ˳˾֮⡣
ۣ֣֮ζħҪħ֮սռƵλֻҪھսʼ֮ǰν֮⣬ħ彫˿ɵУ
ԽԽһǰȥ֮⣡


37 
޵֮⣿
ҶѰ, ûб¶Լ˼
ĥ͸ħ˼ֻܼŽֻʱƳ, ЩͲסˡ
Լ뷨ʲô, ǰ֮õİ취Ǹ֮ɳĻ, ʱħŻٴѡ
ȥȥɡҶѰ꼽õҩ۵ֽϣ˹۵
Ļʱûϲ, Լļƻ׼ˣΪԼΪħһŽеĴ¡
ȥ죡
һħһִģֻҪħ׼ļƻ, ôͲ÷»ᱻֹ
ȻᡣҶѰ˷ܵҪ뿪ʱס
ͣ½ŲͷؿҶѰ꼣ĪҪջָˣתҲ̫˰ɣ
ͣ޻ûн˵ʵʱãǳҪ°
û˵ȥֻǰ, ˣҶѰù־˲Լָ, մȾϵҩĶȥֻǻ˲ҩϡ
סͻȻˡ
ѾЩüͷˡֻǣŵ̫, , һʱò
ҲûΪԼѣʵȴ, Щܹħʱħʹɱ֣ºֱӽҶţһû
˵ļƻͳıǧܹ꣬ô̵ʱڲЩȷʵס
ҶѰ꼿ֹ۵׵黹ЩСίЦ
½һ죬ȷʵЩǿ
ҶѰ⻰һɵˣϽͣ°²ͷ
Լ˵ˣħǰ£ʱȨͲˡ
ΪһǳҰĵħгħĵڶͷϡ
Щ󻤷ͷѹţֱӴһ
麦һ£֮⣬ֻѡһϾ·һҲǷ
Ǹ̰ˣҰĴ󣬹ǿĸϷ֡
ԡӲͷƤڣѾԤ뵽ħѵĳˡ
У԰ɡ
ʵû뵽Լľ߾Ȼ׼ˣħ𻹸һȨԵǲħĻӡ
ǲʮħ㡣
ɴ۾ħĴֱʸˡ
ʮħȻ࣬ħ׼ԼȥħѡҲ˵ֱӰһ֧ʮħ
ôˣҶѰЦֻһεЦѾ͸Щͷˡ
Ͻлˣȥ£˵ĺ
ߺҶѰ꼰õЩҩĶ˳ȥ
ҩĵĻͷһμÿŮޣЩ
ɢ˵˰ɣƴŵʡ
ҶѰǸ΢Цģ˻ƵĻʵô˵
˵ɢ˼ΪŮޣģڣдȱĳ
Ц˵ҿˡ
Ҳɢ˵ˣǶɢ˵ɢˡô𣿡ҶѰ
һ£Ȼ˵Щɢ˺ܺõĵط
ҪɢˣݸЩ£һʱǺòˡɢ˵һȶסˡⲻɢ˵𣿡
˵ǡҶѰͬĻûƸˣĺҶѰٶ˵˵ڿԴ뵽ɢ˻һĵط
˵ɢҩȵҽ޶ءҪɢ˲ҩȵôأ
ҶѰͷҩȵģ
⡭ڳɡȫҽʦ
ҶѰ룬ȥλҩȵˡ
Ͼ֮ǰСؾҩȺа޵ϡ
ҶѰû뵽ҲһߣȻ̬ȶؿ
ˣҲͬڹĦһС
ѡҶѰߣС
һ㶣ͷҶѰ꼣Ҷѣôˣ
ųȷϣҹơҶѰ꼿һĻݸĳǸģȻԼĳóΪסأҽȫŹͳһ
ʱһɢɳЩʱָŽᣬħ͸
ҶѰ꼴ӳ˼Ҿ¥ҶѰҪԷ
ԺͻȻ뵽һ£ϵͳæѯҪҶѰ꼵ʵ
ȷǷ
ȷ
ѯС۳һٻ֡5500
ѯ˲䣬忴ҶѰ꼵Ϊ
ֻоĲҶѰǿ˵Ϊɻ󲻽ҶѰ꼵ݡ
ҶѰ꼣ʵ[Ϊ26]
ϵͳûɣ岻26ڵΪսʲôҶѰ꼵ݽܡ
С
ûпĿǰսȴ26ڣⲢȫʵ⣬ǰӦǻ
üţܿҶѰ꼵ߣܵĲҺӡ
һӵ26ΪˣȻֻһôıжǿ
ǿ˾ҶҼϵͳ͸Ļڿܡ
û뵽ھȻһʵڵʿ
ͻȻ뵽޵ַʽʵ֤
ô֮ǰҶѰûƭȷʵ޵ǻΪֵֻûбϿɣ˵ҲǰδС
һ֪ҶѰΪʲôãǴųˣ
ķȥıƵĲ룬Ҳ֪ҶѰ꼿ʲôĿģϾǿĴܣʲôͼıأ
֮ǰ룬ҶѰ꼻᲻ǺҶйء
ˣϾһҶңǿ߳֡
ƲҶңҶǿĴǰȷʵƣŵ˵ҶҲʵڴ߳֡
ʵѾɹ׽٣ֱӷȴһŵĴڣһһԵʲôʱԵݱֱӽˡ
΢һ˵Ѿ˼ʵϰֻһת˻ûйˡ
֮ʵ蹵뷲˵Ĳ໹Ҫ
ôˣǲ˲óԣ
ҶѰ꼰ˣѡĻǺζļɫ
忴ԼĲˣЩãȻһ̧ͷҶѰͷϵΪ
εºʵʿԼˣ
ܺóԡҺϲͷһڣҪʵʿеòǲǻһ㡣
ҶѰȻע⵽巽ŵĳ񣬻ʱʱСԼͷ
ҶѰЦۡѵ˵ԵҲǳܱȵġ
ǽҰˡԼ޷̹ȻҶѰ꼽ˣʵ̫ҶѰĻѡ
ҶѰ꼲ûжκͼıа
ѣʲôҶѰ꼲ЩС飬ԽȤ
ǰ˺ദȻźĵͷ˽ȷʵصòУദҲྴһһ۵ǰֿ˹
һףԽҪ̽ࡣ
Ҳ֪ˣˣ᲻Ƣ
岻֪ԼˣҶѰ꼵ʲô
֮ǰҶѰ꼿׷ɱҶСǻˣƷͷˣҶѰ꼾ԲǰҶСˡ
ʶסǰĽ𵤣ƽشţһ˿ĵĸо
ϸ΢СҲҶѰ꼿
û뵽
ѣһ˿ҸŽį
ҶѰͻȻڣĻ̲סЦΪŽįҵµ˵ǹĵµ⡣ҡ
˵Ҳֹסʧ
ҶѰĿƽ͵ؿڵȴġ
壺ҵİޣҶȥˡ


38 
Ƿ˵, ҶѰ꼽ǿնЦ
ҶѰ꼿Լ漴Ǹ⿪ڣǸҲö죬ˡ
ҶѰ꼵һδ޶, һʽ, Թߵݡ
ǽ꣬ǶԴһ, ойػϧȴûаֵµ⡣
ʱΪҶҴС㣬ڲϲ꣬ÿճ˼ħа޵, ʣ²Ȥǰ۲Լλ޹ǣӡ
עһ˾ˣģ֪һϲã˵ϲòصü, Ҳ֪˰ʳϲζ۵ɫڷŵСأĬĬϡ
֪λΪȡů, ĵ׶ûа鰮, һжӲ֡
δ廽ޣ»֮ҹҲδ֮ǰҲδ
, ַʽ
û, ҶѲõǸЦЩ࣬ҵ, һֱߣҲį
˵꣬ͻȻоǰĽȣڻӦһ㡣
ЦҲҪŽįҡѾ֮ˣ޷ٽκˡ
ҶѰ꼺ǰǱƣǹЦ⣬ܿѹȥ
ǡŵʱôͲ֪˵һĺأ
˵ǻˡ
壬塣ҾһҶѰ꼾ٱ
ЩҺȣѾƺȥǻˡ
ȻҶѰûиѵĻᣬֱ֮һˡ
̾ξƱȥ
Ȼ¶ǣ˾Щκˡ
ЩˣӡҶѰ꼼ΪˣԼҶѰ꼶κȾƵʱѾһЩȻѾ⣬ʶѡ
ЩԼԵĲˣƵĺƣջǳŲסֱ˵ϡ
岻֪Լôؿջġ
ѹʱ򣬱㿴Ա㶣ƫͷܿˡ
ƣʲôʱģ
ǰϡΣ㵽ȥĺȾˣһ죬Һ˶ܵ㡣
巢㶣Щɵۣ죿
Ͻ鿴һԼֱչһЩ֮ǰСѿƵһСݵӡ
ôˣɫЩԣţ̽͵͵Щʲô
ҡͷû¡ЩˣгԵ𣿡
Сȥͳʳ뿪ķ䡣
ͷһκȶƬˣûоκβӦǺȶԺҶѰ꼰滺ˡ
ϵͳҺԺʲôһʱѯϵͳ
ϵͳ˿
ԺҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻǿƹػˡ
ô
Ҳ֪һη£ѾڸԼ޼ˡ
н˵һʱҡио֪ܲΪʲôܾЩ鱻ˡ
ϵͳԼ鶼ûоͽǿյʱ֮ǰȾʱһ£ʱȻˡ
ϵͳûв´ӵϵͳ£ҶѰӦѾˡ
ʲôܣϵͳôܻᷢң
Ҳ֪ЩգΪҶѰ꼵ΪԵҶѰ꼵濪ѯ
һ˲ҶѰ꼵ɫЩԣʱͱˣΪҶѰ꼵ΪŵˣƵȥ鿴ҶѰͷϵΪֵĪҶѰ꼵ע⡣
ҿѯԺҶѰ꼾Ƕ˵һ䡮ѵ˵ԵҲǳܱȵġ仰ָѾˡ
Щգ̫ˡ֪ҶѰ꼲򵥣Ȼҵ̽
ܣ
ϵͳǲš
ҿϵͳܻᱻ֡
ʵڣѾ׽٣ֻһնҲ˵ѾûʲôˡˣͰĥ͸ˡ
ҪʵڿˣζֻҪܳɹǿԳΪԽĴڡƶµĹ򣬳ΪµĵһԴɵϵͳʵ׾١
ϵͳڿʼĻɵûˡ
ұˣҲоɣ
ڵѾˡû´ӦñˡӦñ־ģҶѰǰʵǴɣĵǵҲڼ¶Ժ֮Ժˡ

ûŻ㡣Լ·ͬϵͳͣûж⣬ԲŻѡԺٲ鿴ĿӦΪȷһ᲻к
ҿϵͳĻ©ʵڵĴˣܵԴôܻỳǻϵͳ
һɵ㣬ҲѲ¡ֿܣһ֣ԴϵͳǸϵͳǸϵͳ
ܡֲҰϵͳôܻǻϵͳ϶ǵڶ
ڶ֣ӵһǿϵͳ㻹ǿԵһʱ㣬㣬Ұóоо˵㶼²ˡ
˵ЩǸƵСϵͳԺﱻŵÿˡ
ǣӦǵһϾ֮ǰйһʵõĲдƷˣɢһЩʱܲûндƷȫһءҶѰϵͳҲпܵġ
ϵͳѡһô˵Ŀܡ
Ҳƫֿܣһ²⣬ǲϵͳ˵
ǾǣҶѰ꼿ħ
ħȻҲ׷ǲȡУû֮ǰԴħ˵ǳԵģԲŻʶҪ̽
ȡԺ󣬲ȷϵͳһ޺Ķ
ᣬϵͳӦѾֱˡ
²⣬Ժиһ˲㱻ѹȥˣҲϵͳһѡŵһֿܡ
Ͼֻеһֲ²⿴ôˡ
ϴһ£ǡųʳ
ƣʲô鷢𣿡Ժݸ࣬غ
߲סˡҲױַ񡣲޵ҪͳһϽκ˲˽ء֮ûʲô·ˡ
Ļһӿ˳
޵ΪʲôҪͳһϽȻ޵ǱǳȫϽͲ̫ʵ֮ǰһЩߣ˲ɵӡһΪʲô
ֻôҶ뿪ԺӾûͣÿ춼顣
죬Щ˵Ļû˵ھֱˡ
壺ˡҾ¾ͲȥˡݸĳŴ򿪣Ҳ뿪ɣ
ͷҲˣݸ̫ˣԭȥĴڿĴڿܴܲڶһټϻһڰǻá
壡ܹˣ
ƺ࣬ͻȻƿԺ󺰴е㱻һǺ
˱ˮȥְҿԵĸź󱳡
صˣʲô£ֵçײĽ£
֪Լȴ³çˣɫܲãǸ˵˼塣
޷Ϊʲôһ˵ԷʱҪȷʵú˼ģһˡ
Цʣʦ֣ʲô£
԰˵˴󺰴е¿϶Сû뵽кţʵˡ
ŶԡЩˡ˰Źϣ̽ͷ˿ְѴغá
⸱ǶɫĲ򵥡
ЩԺС˵ûˡ
ʲô졣
Ҳȣ׷ʣô£
ˣҲǲ֪ҹﱻˡֻʣһϹӻҲǷġ
ңö˶˵ôţ˼⣬ֻø
ͬˣ˴һ˵˸Ե뷨׵Ĳ²ⶼ˵˳һˡ
ݶϵҶѰ꼣ָԼ˱ơ
ʺϺȾˡ


39 
, ¸ûйϵҪȥˡұţǶҲǻ¡
֪Ϊλᱻ, һ, ˵Ǻ¡
ʲôʱ뿪ݸʡ
Ҳ֪Ȼûһȷȥ, Ҳͬһط̫ãطܹṩҲû£ؼطԽԽˡ
ϵͳ忴˿, ݸĴڵ̽ȣ˰ٷ֮ʮ塣
ʱʵǲ㣬ҲûкʵĽںͬ˵Ҫ¡
壬ʲô뷨˿ԥ, ֱ˳
Ҳؿ壬˶ֵܷ飬ȻҲ֪û˵Ҳûʡ
ڱ˵ˣԼĺ˳
̾ϢһЩҪ, ʦż·Ļ, 뿪æԺȥġ
˵ʲôЩΣ壬һƽ, һͬô, ô˵ּĻ
Ǹ⣺ֻǾһ̫ʱˡ
, ˵λҽʱڳȥæʱ򻹿Ըѧһ֪ʶ˲Ը뿪壬ԸԼ˸ȥֵߣһжҲ㣬Ҫǳʲô£Ҳ԰æ
ԻֱӰˡ
ƣأ֪֮ǰܼеҪ뿪ߣ֪ûиı⡣
̾ǶҪ£һԼ˲ɣ
ԣЦãǾһ£
Ժ鸴ӵĿ壬Щֲʡ
ôˣһֱʲôж𣿡
壬Ϊʲô뿪˺ܶ࣬޷ΪʲôҪ
崹֪ν͡
ΪѣǹɵЦ˵û£ʡúϢһطоˡ
ߵʱҲûп͡
ȷֻһ˵ʱеĲյصȴ
˳žתʱ˼Ҳһ̲ͣЪת
ǲеʱ˼ģ岻һ̫СԺʣµ㲻ҪֻҪպúĽ࣬Щһһ䵽ÿһͺá
УҪעѾ˺ö£ͳ˿ڹϰˡ
ɵĽܺ䣬˼һҵ˶塣
ϵͳ𣿡
һֱڡʲô𣿡
һ취ܹӡ֤ҶѰ꼵ûз㡣
ʲô
ϵͳĻеˣǳ׷嵽ʲô취
壺ҶѰ꼣ҪĴڡ

ңǾ˵֪ӵһϵͳ
أ
һҡҲ֪ԼΪʲôôƶҶѰ꼸ĸоˡ
ô㣬ô֤
档ͣҺɵҵĴڣ϶ģΪʲô̽ҡ֪һϵͳôͻףҵĴϵͳˡ
⡭ûʲôɿ𣿡
ԡܽôܹɵĴڵ񡣾û̽ҶѰ꼵֪֪ĴڣҲûκʧ
ǣǺðɡ㲻κ͸¶ҵĴڡϵͳй¶
ġͿϵͳֲˣЩĹأѾϤˡ
ֻѾ˸βԣǲ֪Ϊ춼ûҶѰ꼡
ҶѰ꼻᲻Ѿˣ
ӦûСոմ޶ΧڳеС̯ϳ档
ôأ
Ϊûֵʱ򡣡ԱԺ󣬷һСƷʯǱ뿪ˡ
޽粻÷˵ͭ壬ҲͨûңǾʿҪõʯ
ʯҲƷףȻֵͽʿ޷֮ͨ䣬һЩʯ̺ͬ
Ļϵͳеѽ⣬һϸϵͳ׷ʶæµʱ
Ѿ˰ٷ֮ʮʱĴڵĿӦǳͬһʦţ֮ӦʦõĹϵݸƽСң֮˳˷ֱɣĴڵֱţŶ̫ںڵʦꡣҲʹ໥֣չ˱˴˾Ĺϵ
ڵ֪飬ڳˣʵǲװ
Ϊ˵ЩװԼǳˣǰȥڰæƽޣ㱻һֻϬ޸ͱ˸Դ˽ˡ
Щף鵽ѾˡҪĶĴڵĿɽΪʲôǵĸʦţĴΪʲôѡ£Ӧܴﵽٷ֮ʮҡ
ʣµأ
ʣµģʣµ¾ҪҶѰˡȺм䣬Žָ˷ĽֵϵЦݶ
ҶѰ꼣㻹ûз㰡Ļæ𣿡
ᡣҲҵ׼İɡﲻңĴڵܶܲЦɣжһΪŵɡ
ϵͳĬĬĥ
忴һȥˡ
ϰ壬ûпհ¿˿ֻһЩͼûпҪĶɴֱ˳
һŹⲽߣһ룬пհ׵
Ҫ٣

һʱѧϰҪõĿհ׷ģ֮ǰԼõļǧſհ׷Ѿʣ޼ˡ
ţж٣岻֪һ࣬ͰƶɣֶҲûʦṩԼ˽µȻǱԽԽá
˸˱˿Ʒհ׷һšƷЩšƷʣǧš
Ϊհ׷ɢ޶Ϊ֣ԱʵֱƷ
һٶƷհ׷רϰĻԳŻһųɹķ
ֻгɹˣŸҼƷ׵Ŀհ׷ԡ
忴˿ԼĴʱÿҲửǰʦЩ취˳
ȻеƷףܲסö࣬ҷӱ绹˻żƷĸƷ׵ʣµȫȥˣ׬˲ٵʯ
Լʯܺ˵ȫҪˡ
ȫЩܾûôִ󷽵ɢء
ɢһ㶼ܿţм˴ʯһؼ
óһʯȫҪװ
úúáſЩʯ֪Ϊˡ
ҪȥʰհʱһŸ߸һ˽
忴һۣû̫⡣
ȻЦ¶е˺λҪȫĿհ
˷Ϻ飬ߣǺͰ˿׷
ԡȥЪŰɡ½
ɽһʱˣǺӦӾϴҵӹϵ
Źո뿪
˿ߵòΡΡɵ̾˿
Ѿѯļ֪Ǹţ޷ͨˡ
ǰźˣʿ
ֻͨаһЩ鵤ҩӳٵһ嵽ҡ
ʿֻҪɹάʱڵòӵԪ
˺пѾһˣֻ޷Ͽʵ͡
ǶҪ𣿡˲̫ȷŵһ顣
عͷհ׷ȫҪ
ա˰ѿհ׷սһͨСʹȻѴݸһʮǧİپʮƷʯʮ߾ˡʣµģġ
ֱʮöƷʯ
ˡٿŸü֧ʾСʱ׬ʮöƷʯټ֮ǰϵͳ͵ĶöƷʯҲɢеСˡ
ΪĴ󷽸еϲ·ţóһ֧Ʒ׵ʡ
һλʽҵģҲǷޣŴҲ˷ѡˡ˾һôհ׷ˣ϶ǷޣⶫҲֻڷܷá
ʺϲ˸˵Ϻһѩƿǣѩëɵġ̺ѩΪô˱ʻȻǲ
װſհĴֻϱ뿪ˡ
ϲֻʣ߱߿
ѡ
·ϣԱ˽ϤǲģҲ֪˭
ŤͷȥЦҶѡ
ǡҶѰ꼿еıʡ
ЦЩհ׷һ֧ʡ
Ϊ˵һҹ֧ʵĽܣ֮䶼͸֧ʵϲ
ѺϲҶѰ꼿ȵӣĵ֧ʵʱǻġ
ҶѰ꼾Щ⣬ٿ¶ʱ򣬶ԭȻһֱ㲻úܸ߼ѩٱʡ
ͷϲ
ǰΪСȤã˱ֳúÿЩľߣռ࣬רŶżҵ̣˶һЩղء
ڲŻǳϲ˵ʱЦ⡣
ҶѰ꼲һ֧ʵʲôɸ˵ġ
鲻ԼĴзȥҵǰ͵һ֧ڤʡ
㿴֧ΣҶѰ꼹ó
忴һۣȻ֧ʾȻԶһΪܡ
ڤԨʣ[ս12W]

ĳĬҶѰ꼸еһ˿ڣʣôҵ֧ʲÿô㲻ϲ
һ֧൱ڻΪıʣȻʺòÿ
ÿϲҧ³ĸ֡
ҶѰֵݸϲͺãˡ


40 
ҶѰ˵Ҫ֧͸Լ, 嵱ס
ʿͺܲǰѾ, Ҳ֧ˡæƴš
ҶѰ꼵, ģЩε̾ϢҽΣ
ңе
ҶѰ꼽ͣôհ׷, ǲлĴ㣿
šͷȻΪ˰ģԼҲҪãԲŻһôࡣ
ҶѰЦ, ̬ɣ˵Ȼˣһ֧Ʒ׵ıʣܹͨ͸ĵķ𣿡
Ķ, ͺϲľߣҶѰ꼵ݹ֧ڤԨʣ㲻ĳֵƷ࣬㹻һ˵ˡ
ҶѰ꼼Ѿݣĳɲһѻ
ҶѰ꼣׽, øƷ׵һΣ
, ޸Ʒ׵ľƷ׵żмƷ׵
ֻܻƷʵѾԽ˴ַ, Ͼһ׾ͳɹƷ
οԼ, ȻĿǰһЩڷоۣѾвٵڹĦҪҪͶ
Ͼ츳ĺټ, ɣǶ޽Ĵڡ
岻֪Щ飬ֻ֧̫ˡ
޷ԺеģʱٸҲСҶѰ˵գһݷļҲһݸ
ãȻؿеıʺͷļ޴ҶѰ꼣Ҷѣǡ
ΪļûкֻһʾսҲ޷жⱾļжء
ΪʲôⱾļͨȻҶѰÿһζֹڴ󷽣Ȿļ϶Ҳƽ
ҶѰѾߵ˿ջſڣҶѰ꼲ȥڵҲƽ˶ˡ
ҶѰߵúͷҲء
ʲô˼
ħսҪʼˡ
ʲô
ϵͳסˣ֮Ī󣬡ô֪һħս˵زƽ˰
ЩΣгϵͳ͵Ϊ˵仰ʵڵҶѰ꼡
ϵͳ⡣
̾תؿջ˵ΪǱħս鷢ǽ״½˵һƽ٣ǶҶѰ꼶Ҳ⡣ǱħսС鷢䱻ʵ߹עҶѰᶼġ
ϵͳͷȷʵˡ
ħս쿪ʼˡǱ뾡Ϊս
ĿǰϢصԺϵͳ壬Լݡ
ߣ
ȼ2
Ϊ120
ʼܣ[һ][ֻشһ][ʥһ][򷨹Ԫһ˼ǿİ˷ƽ򻯰桤Ӱ򻯰桤񻯶򻯰桤׷򻯰桤Ʒ]
ʦżܣ[ǲһ][ǧŶݼףһ]
ལһ
֣5500
ܣѯУ
ϵͳȽˡ
㲻ֻչ࣬Ҫĵȼ㻭ȫǼ򻯰ġ
нȫһֻҪһ˶ҾͿԸˡʱҾܰﵽˡ
Ҳ֪һºܽҪô޷
ȱʵս磬ͨҵӱȲɢޣΪԴ£ӵȱʵս顣ҲһֻԼ
ҪʵսĻ˵Ҫһε£Ϊ̫ͣҵĶ̫٣˶ԣһ
壺ڲ÷£ֻҸ˺ȡʤ
ϵͳҲ֪ѵ㣬ĿǰǶûа취
岢û˸оգϵͳøԺ㿪ʼǱļٲͣϰ
˻ʱѾɹĻһŸƷ׵Ķݵط
ƿţȻ˵壬ϢٰһСȣΪѡγĻھӿ̨ʿܹȥȶе㵽ֹ
ûᡣ˯ͷˡμӰ
Ҳոջڿոôȼء
׷ϸڣ˺һһ˵˳
壬Ƕȥμӡʱǽ죬߻ɳͳһţ˵ҲŵӲμӡΪǳĻѡΣȶΪпᣬɢ˰ŵСȣҪݸʿʵ
ǰ塣ǶˣֻҪƷʯȶڼ䲻ʹͳһΪ趼ϳԴ˵ѾǾԵĹƽˡ
徫Ϊ֮һȲ׷ţͿȥ
ûΪʲôôţǲ˵컹һʱ䡣
ȥֽһֱϵĲˡ
˺һۣ˳ȥ
ˣ𼱰һû˵ıء
Ȼû˵ֱݸ㳡Ȼ￴˲μӱ
忴һŵúܳĶ飬ֱߵ˶βܿ˺Ҳˡ
΢壬Ϊǲˣôܵô죿
Ц׷
˲ϸ·ΪʲôҪ
ܹ⣬õģôòܰӵøãǾҪϵȥϰȱʵսᣬǾͰʹù᳹ճУȡãսʱаС
֪¾ûи˵ˣϾҽޣһҽ׼ʹøҩֲǿԼҩֲʹöȣǲǵȥʹ÷
Ŷӵʱ¿Щ顣
˸̾ţû뵽˻ͦġ
ͷɫǺܺãʣʲô𣿡
ͷ̫ˡ
ǰ
վ棬ǵĻͷ˶ôˣ
˶ζݸȫǾܹ˶Աˡ
һովִѵݶԣζⳡ򵥣ٰͻȻֲִ٣Ҫʿ
ֻ˵޽ϲʼıˡ
ϲҶѰ˵ؼƽˣڿѾɽ¥ˡ
֪ЩֻǱܵظоЩԾʶԭΪҪĻϲһݵǡ
û¡忴Ĳʶתͷи߸š
ʧЦ漴һ˼ģҿͦߵġ
˸ŶǰĻ˶ɵˡ
һûϣͬ˵Ļ
ݸʼ׼СȵͬʱһЩų͹Ҳʼ׼ԡ
õЩϢʱһʱݸҶѰ꼡
ˣ
ɡҶѰԶԶǶеˣɫأЦʵô鵽ʲôˣ
ˣڵĹУ޽չűԡ»ɣַҳλȺе֮⡣
šмֵΣҶѰ꼿һд棬Ŭ˼ħ˵һ鷳£ħϲҲˡ
·İ취ǽвԱɱˡ
һ·֮࣬ǿᰮ߱ɱħҲʼˡ
ôˣɱ
´㰲һЩ˻飬ڱԵĹУԺ֮ܿɱ֡
ǹð취ˡ
ҶѰЦ漴ָһɿˣ
ΪܸߣȻԶǿһ
ˣôˣ
֮б˵֮⡣
죬ɱӿ֣ȥ


41 
żһ½ȥ졣ҶѰ꼿ŶЩðɵ, ЩεضԹ˵ȥһ飬ݸڵ¡
ǡȻ֪ΪʲôҪ, Ѿ, ܲ졣
´ÿһ㿴, ħܻ͵ˣϾħ屾ƺԼħԡ
ȹߺҶѰҲڴ˴, ߸ŵСҩͯ뿪ˡ
˻ڶȴ±ۿͷԽԽЩסˡ
Ƕʣ⼸æûкúóԹ, ˲ŷֶһ㶫ûС
Ҳͬĸо˵˵ͷ˱ϻûбٹȵ
ͳˡЩգԼʧˣȻٹȵԶڻеֶٳԾٳ, Ҳһ㶼׼
ʲôΣ, ʱʿԼԼˣʵ̫ˡ
, ȥûʳĵطʵܲ, Ŵ̫ɵȣҪŶӡ
ߺ, ŶӸŶ黺ǰơ
˽ʱˣ˶ûл
ò̫Ծƣʦôͻû
Ҳе⣬ԥҪҪȥˣʱ˸˻
嶼˿
壺ʦ֣ôô
̫ˣеľ¥ݶˣܳȥԶĵط򵽳Եġ˼򵥽һ£ȻĳԵķָǡ
ˣҸոȥʱʿڴܡһһˣ˵Ǹˡ˿ˣڲϵͬʱѹС˵˵ܵǸħޡ
ħޣ
嶼е⣬ͬʱһֲõͷӿͷ
ݸԴԺƺûƽ޶ңŰֳħޡ
ڲħ塣ɵ˵š
˺һۣΣ̾Ϣǰħͺá
ֻħ޵Ļ޽ƷΧڣħˣǾ޽ĲԶˡ
Ǳ˺Ժ뿪ˡ
ص˿ջֿջĿ˴룬ƽʱæýŲմصĻƶй쿿ǽˡ
ֻǱҲô˰ɣɻ
صջԺԼĻ˵˳
Ҳ֣ԭûʲôʶֻǾùŹ֣˵Ȼ
ܿ뵽᲻ݸֵħйأ
ħȻ£ҲֻħޡʿʵѪԵģڻΪħ޶ӡ巴Ļɡ
˾˵ʵܲݸҵĻˡ
ʵǲܾôǱ뿪ɡ˸оٴȥ绹и鷢
һûκҲû֮ǰҪߵ뷨һ忴룬ʲôʱ뿪͸߾ˡ
ϡ
ЩΣҲҪ뿪ϵͳиҪ顣
áڱʱ䣬Ӧܹʣµռȫʱܹ뿪ݸˡ
ԺǾڸԵķУһҴջÿﶼС;ԲŵʿڿջС
ݸ޶׼ҲȻںú·˶ˡ
ڡ
ϳǰƵˣһʧнԼĳȴҲûʱǹ߸߾
ףѾˣôǸλϹˡ
һһϳ
ʤ뻢ıƤΪޣаħΪ飬췣ģ
ʤЦ첽ϳǰ׾ٶϳгٺĻӵ¡
Բͷ­ɴ˫ۣ˲ںޡ
ʤӸ¿ڳϵͷʬЦ⳨죺췣ֻҪҽ޽ֵ췭ظΣΪĴĳҲ֪Ƕ췣ʲôµģ
ʤһ߿ͷʬѪ߰ߵĸλһ˲䣬˼ʮıõ˳׵ͷš
ݸҵˣ
ʤЩͨͨɱˣǼݰӵĺֵܣһ޵Ĺ򣬲Žϳȫ
һУ羹Ȼһ֪
ڱʼʱʤٳǰֳδ֡
ո£üЦ㴫һǸʵ
ʤͷһ췣Ϊδħ壬Ϊβָ񻹽ϸλħ塣
ħһУֻһС
ûǰɣ
²ĴѾòˡ
࣡࣡ÿζǲ࣬ǣٿȫϢݸ񶼽֪ǵĳǿѲħޡ
ʤ亹ðˣŴϢĿ϶һ˳Դżֵܼȥ顣
˶ɳȥˣʤģȥһ˳ĵع
һΣѺһλúһģһˡ
ҵĺõܵܣΪˡôңʤ򿪵عεţߵǰϸţָϵѪ
ӣͱȥˡ
ָһβȥʱʹʧҽ
ǳһһΪʲôƫأҲֳҲӦǳ
ǡҵĺô簡ΪԤ˵ǸԸƫҡƣԤԳˡ
ʤվְҲĶɣΪ˵һⶼûˣֻȹǻǣ¡
Ǳҵģʤݺ˦ûԤԣƼ㸸ײѳңֺοˣǡǱҵģ
ȡȡû˱㡣ԼԸħΪ飬ޣࡣ
ʤһ鵤ΪץͷңĴΪʲôƼΪݸ
ʲô
Ҳ㣬ȻͶħ壬ҲûƼݸģƼֻԽԽá
ӮЦһѪ⻰ƭȥɡ
㡪֪ôĴʤһ٣һϢʱҩƫ⣬ҪúûţҪ֤ƼϷģ
ʤ뿪˵عʱ˵⣬ϳһħ޵ˡ
ٳǰ
ʤеĿ־ӿ֣֮ǰűλ֪ͻȻֵħޣǲǻһ־ʾ
ҲòסԼΪٳħôźá
ˣȥʤڰ֣һЩ£ʱһȥȥüλϰѲʿǶáǧܳʲô⡣
ϼһѾɱˣæ˶ãȴԺͻ£ʱЩͳͳƵħ޵ϡ
ʱ˳ħı˴ѡγĿױ
Բڹ۳¡
ʤ취֪ͨħˣ˴ϳħһ¡
ùܡħްˣҪǵĴơ
ʤУǣ
ǾҵĴڵȫϢȻͳͳ٣һҪ죡
ʤħΪʲôżݸǸСطҾҵĴڵһЩܣΪʲôҪأ
Ҫȸ㱨𣿡
ǡáסҵԺȫ١صˣͳͳɱˡҪ죡
ǣһ»Զµġ
˿̣ˣ̨ϱסˣĿԣһã
壺ܡʦôħޣ
壬侲̨Ѿħ˵ˣֻӶڷۣ͸뿪ݸطǵľ֮ذ
˵³䣬ıҲ̫̫ͻȻһЩ


42 
ŸոϵһĻ, ڱ˱ƵԺлֱ˳ģǹؼһ, ˺ǱĳסƵġ
޷, ڶֵһǿķдʱ˱ȼڵѪ, ħ¶˳
һ˲䣬˶̨ϳһħޡ
Ҳɢ˵λǳϵһʱסˡ
鼱֮´ȥǳʱıסֱۡ
壬ҪçײȻʧȥ˼, Ҳ֪ħ޴½ζʲôħа޸ɺޡ
а˺Եģħħս϶޶Ѫħ֮֮, ħϵ׽һЩǿ϶ģʱһţ򲻽û취ˣֱӱΪͬΪ˽ͨħ˽ࡣ
岢ûҪ̨뷨Ȼ˻ħ˲, ʧȥ, ܿ侲ˡ
ƣҲġ
ɫĺ侲ɿֱ, , һվȺУѾʧȥǵˡ
ĵ׶, ϦĺѣôͻȻħأ
ÿÿˣÿ
һӳĸˣ̨Ͻ˸ȥ
ûκνֻǵһʱ˸ˡ
һۣ˾ĸ˹ȥΪ±ܷ֣øԶֻܹ۲쵽˱һµĵطȷȥ
壬ʦħ𣿡
֪֪֪£Ǻܿ侲ĵܾ֪ġ
ҡҡͷҲ֪أ
嶼֪飬ô֪̾Ϣô죿ʦ𣿡
Ȼʦ־ȹңһ·ʦҲаҲܼȡ㴳һڣԳ˽⣬֮ǰȥҽߴֵʱڳա
彫Ⱥ˽˳еض˵ƣؿջҡȥڸһһȥ
У̫ðˣҲһðգҪһȥ
ΣƣΪΣգҲŲܴһҪǳˣҾĲ֪ôˡ
ֱ׵Ļ֪Ӧԡ
һܹѰ˶ûУÿֻʦֻħǵĴӼˡ
壬ʵң㵽֪֪ʦֵʵݣǾ顣
Ĭһ˵һ¡
ҶҸֻӰ˳ΪҶ㾡֮
ӰҲǸҶҶλֶŮ
ĳӺǲħ˵ȫɵ¡
֪岻Σͷҿ˵Щ޹ؽҪˡ
΢ӱˡ
˵ʦܴ֮Ҷ뿪Ϊħݣŵס죬壬Ϊʲô
û֤ݡ뿪Ҷ֮ǰҲȥҶĹأĹˣҲ˭ɵģһʼΪǵĹˣ޸Ҳ֪Ĺ˲ǵĹɱġ
ɻſ־廳ɺŷʣ˵ʦɱĹˣ
ǡҡͷûɱĹˡʦֻ֣º֡
Ĺ˱ɱˣҶҴС·رˣ£ոεҶҶҵ˷ǰ˴μҶطһܺӵˡ϶ɳ˼Ĺȷ˴ѲĹصֻҶҼ֮λǱҲý
Ļǡ
ʦּʱ˵ɣ˵ԷԸȥĹҶ˲ͬģһСȥҶҵĹʦʱͺˡ
壺ÿ˶ԼܣҶѾʦֺòӳұ㲻ټ׷ȥ
ˣԼ˻ԵҲûʹʲôԵһ
زҪ˴˶˶ԷΡ
Ļȷʵħ㲻ħҲħһϵҶҸʱ˲ӵó
ƺ˾ǺҶұŵĳˡ
Ҳֻ֪мʦ˲Σо뿪ҶԺ󣬸Ϣʱ䶼ûС
ҺһȥģһҲġңѾˡ
޷սֵ֪ǰһڷʱͻȻˡ
ͬûףǿҵûС
Ҫǿջϰ䷿̫࣬ѯ֪һССջֱˡ
ҲҲһСĵģҸһȥɡóԼʱƵ㹻ıֶˡ
忴Щò˵츳ȷʵǺܸߣͨ޸ٶȡ
ھԵǿǰЩСӵİϷˣá
塭廹ɿڣҪȴˡ
ʱͻȻı⣬ס󣬡áһ𡣡
룬֮ݵҲҶСһжġ
ЦҪټȥľҪˡ
ߡûԭؾ˳
Ϣϡְҡͷš
£ƺ廹Ҫö࣬òȥЩ£ѾϢˡ
ǹ۲ųĿأԼһѯļܣȥļŸֺΪ֡
ȻЩۣǺܹǰܿЩĿء
СһЩƢɲãǺùӳԡ
ôͻȻǱ˸һǰЩ˺º͵ģڣڸĵġ
ǲǣӵҲȴ۵ģ
ʲôʱܻ
԰ⶼüˣҩȵ˶ˣ缲ûκءٲؾҪˡ
˵ˣӵ²óǵҺúøɻк˵˵ģԴͳͳˡ
ûٸ˵ˡ
ͷڱ˴пɻ
ƣд˸֣ʾҪҪȥ̽
룬ͷ
˱ܿȺ켣˺Ժֻǵŷֶһϡ
֮ǰΪ˽磬ֻ˼Ըħķӡû뵽ʱħķӡʧˣȴ˺Ժ
񲻷ħޣǹŹ֣
صںԺΪչһЩ޷ֻʵĺ󱲣һ޿޵ġ
ǾùŹ֣̤һ̣ܸоķΧղͬˡ
ڼɽ棬һŮҴҴԺȻݣھһԺʱŮԲĳ
жǸԺ϶档
ϾҶסֵطûסĻ·˾Բ̬
һǸŮߺ²̽һ£Χû֣ųС׼
Ȼʵ̫мܣһڿܣԵİȫС
ڻÿܵĵزƾԼŬԺı˺һ϶˽ȥ


43 
ɹ˳ĺԺ, Ȼһȥͱһסˡ
ţܿʲôʲôҪ档ڲǻԺ, һʱͷס֡
ȻȴûеõĻӦ, ϸȥʱ򣬷Լǣŵǰ, һüܡ
ŵҪҪ˦Ȼһ֮䣬ûаü˦קøˡ
忴ü, ܿ첻ϵΧŵúȻĵ׺ǻþһжǼٵ, ɿ뿪ǲ˻þС
ӽǣһֱ߲ϣôѶ޷ѵߡ
鼱֮°γĽжŶߵߴȥ
˻嵹һþȻֱҧһڡ
忴Լϳһ˿, Ѫֱ, ۵亹ֱð
˿ںѪⷭܿĹͷˡ
忴Լŵü, ĵЩί, Ҳ֪²ְܹƣֻǿ˻þŻ˺
Щ, ֪ƻ᲻֪ڰǺðƿ־ˡ
ɿֻ֣֤˷ֿȴΪ̫󣬶ΣС
յɿһ£Ƕ߶ûйԡ
ʱȥëȻضߣǿԼ侲Ŷ˶ϵвԣֻǲƵġ
壬𣿡ڣȴòӦѾܴӶߺ޹Ե̬вһС
Բ𣬶Բ𡭡˲񣬡Ҳ֪㣬۲ۣ
϶ۣһȥǱҪ߱ȥģҪðȻó˲һ˺Զֹˡ
óҩۡ
㿴ü˸յʽԸԼϵ˿ʹ
һʱֲʲô֪ȷظо˿ϵѪֹסˡ
˿Ҳϳˡ
ʾҪ£Դ
ӽǶŲ˲䣬һʱҪѶ˦ֲϵʾԼǰ壬˺İ塣
ǿԼסĿ־УɼƤð˳
ܿþһЩԻĶǰһˮأˮһš
ֱ߽ˮ
ӽһĴ··鲻ĶϻСӣߺԥһͷ˾
ѾЩɴ۾ĵװʾԼŰ壬Űߡ벻
Ȼʱȫоκʹ۾ԺҲηģֻҪͲ֪
ͷеµüܣŷüܺ񿴲·ƵģಽظĬĬͻȻʧЦ
Ҳ۾ʲôҲֻϧֻͰƶˣٰ۾ϣȥЩĵĿ־壬߲ȥˡ
׳ŵӿǰЩֲħ֡
ʲôҲ£Ǻ¹֣ǰʦ£ʱûֻʦүһͭǮڶԸһֻʱǱͭǮʧЧˡ
СʦЩ飬ĵ׺µúܣʦȥͻزˡ
ںãǰʦһ̵ػַԺͻȻ˴꣬ʦָһ㷢ָ̲ǼѪðȻصóײˣ
Ҳ֪ԼǼģֻǷˣǵķضõط֪ˡ
Ͻⲻǡ
ǨػҪ̲Ĺʬˡ
ʦһŰȥˣΪʣǼ䷽ģ˵ǰ޽ɣͻ¼ʦᰲϡ
ưô꣬ĹʬǣĴУһʯҺ͸ùʬĹζ
ؿ־̼£Ժ󣬻ؼҸ˺ܾãʦҲĥˣ̫СЩ£ųëԺŲظʦ
Ǻʦʹˣܶģ᲻ʦһ˲ͣӲͷƤʦʦΪӴˣǿŰˡ
ԭΪ磬һǰֿ־壬û뵽þƵ磬Ŀ־ֻ಻١
ͣ˻ǰȴǺܺЩһѾܱСָˡ
ڵΪзһΪƵĻڿܣںЩ
ᣬȥֱЩе־Ķ
ᶨԺ󣬺ȻĴЩо޷Եˣ̹Ȼվؼ䣬׿ȥǣŵҲãϤİơ
ƣˣǴӻþгˡỽ
˫ۣģ˿Ȼͷȥֱ嶾ŵ
⸱̬ͻȻû
𿴣ͷҼߡϽס۾
˷־壬Իͷٿû˻þֻгԺԭģ
ǣһ·ȫԼİûҲûп˷ԼĿ־壬ܿЩеµĶ
ҵԺ취ˣ˻һûöĿʿֱ취ѻˡ
ϵͳ˶Ĭסˡ
ЩɬЦŽ͵оͦõģҴȥоо
õġ
ϵͳѾʼо̳ˣܲ취͵͵һö
ӿģƽƽĻ᲻֡
ƣںˡѻˣȻȫˡ
ٴλͷʲôûˣ˿
лл㣬塣
лЩھΣҪҪŰƹҲؾЩ
Щϸ΢仯Լ־Ķû֮󣬺ܿǻع飬һºԺĲ֣Ȼȥһصĵط
ǶԺȥ鿴ϵˡ
˿Ժһ˲ۿƵ
ޡۡ
ôֲۣܲľͷġΪһЩҩȻò˴
ˮҲʹԲ𣬶Ҳá
˵֪ģͲĴǻþǿ˴ˣҡֻһͷӦˣѾõĽˡҰڻþкܿʶԼĴڣİĵĿ־ӦڻþֱӴˡ
ûбοţһø
Ҫº˵ֻѡԺ󣬲ܶԴҪᶨȥΪķ򣬵ΪԼѡջںޡϣҲڴһˡӣ˲ᡣ
޴ؿ
Цǰ˵ġˣͬ˵ˡ
ϤİӣʵӣҲҸģ
ǡͻȻ֪οˣϴκҶѺȾƵʱҶ˳ֵݸġ
ţ޷͵ģͻȻЦˣˣ㲻˵ҾͲˡǻȥ￴ɣһûУӦǱˣɼҾ쳣סĺԺôᷢأʵ̫Źˡ
Ĳˣ˿šȥɡ


44 
, ȫҲĴһӱ㽫ŮӸסˡ
Ȼ, 嶼ʶ
λС㡣
ҸԺ, СҲʧˣλԪӤܻǳϻҹһӡ
˭뵽һº, Сץ˳Ժ
ô£оӱϢסˣֲǰǼ٣Ī˻þ
ҡͷġ
Ҳɹ, Ѿ˻þͬ󷨲ܴʹõڶΣڻþ֮һػþȻǡ
, 䡣
仰ԺǼӣСǳ裬ݵ˲Ͳ
˭
ûóȻڣŷС۾񿴲ˡ
˭С㿴ˣֱڰ, ͱˡ
ѹɤ, Ů˼ִĪĸо
˭Ϊʲô
С㼸һ˲仰˼
е׷ʣ㲻ǳˣ˭ʦ, ҵʦ𣿡
ֻ, ʦ˭Ϊʲô
͸¶һϢ˵ȥ
Сһ, Ȼʵɢ˵ˣ
ѺҩݸͳҩʱֳЩΪ˱ᣬǰǱ顣˵ͣһ£ȻʲôˣΪʲôᱻĺԺ˼ˣôŮ죿УΪγٳٲ¶棬ֻٳˣ
˵úܼǺؽϢ䵽Сͬʱع۲Сɫ
ٳʱܿϳһ˲Ļңܿ
Ծ
巢Сٳܻ֮һЩںв˵ٳ£ἰɢˡ
ɢǲݸĻǳϣɢ˱棬иͽƽʧˡ㣬˿㣿
ңҾǡǿҳȥҪʦ𡣡
ã𼱡Ҳ̽ģĻլǰԵ޷ֱӴ뿪һϻȥ֪ͨϺǰ㡣ġû뿪룬ֵտƾδҡ֤֮Ķ
Сһö壬ʦҵȥԺ󣬽ʦһ׼ϵá
áָϣСȡö塣
ѶպԺٰС䣬֮Ŵ˳ȥ
ߡÿ֪ͨ뿪
˳ԺԺûͣһ𵱼뿪˳
ܳһξԺͣϢ
壬Σ
˾С㣬ҷٳĹϵһ㡣ǲ֪ٳǷ֪顣Ϊ˱Ⱪ¶ǻ뿪Ϊá
ոպСĶԻһֲĸ
Ĭ壬ɢ˵
ɢѾˣ볡ǰϹߣɢ˴ųħţ¾Ƥӵ·ˣôܲܣ֪΢ֱɢ˻㱨ɢ˿ܲţȸǳ˵һ˵ͽ䣬ɴԼ飬õĽ
ƣȥ֪ͨɢ˵ˡųĶǧóȻжһҪһ度ԼһԺ󣬻ֲˡ
ͷ֤ţһߵġ壬ȥɡ
Ҳٵ飬һ·żٷȥɢݸפ㡣
Χ۲һȻһ·ԼƽƽҵſԼ˵óԼȡ
ĻùſڵȺ
һλԪӤܻǳˡ
ҴңɫУöͨ壬ǰʵҵģ
ϣǸ¥Ļơϸ³Сﶨһͷ棬ûнᣬƹŴߴߣû뵽ŷˣҲСͨСļ֮´˽ȥ뵽˺ԺһŮҲֻС㡣С͹ġ
סڿջĺôϢ·ͨСϸڸ¥ֱʵĶһͷΣջĿ̸˺ö顣
˾ͼˣû뵽óˡ
ûж룬һ۾ܿΪһµʿɢͷ㲻ϣĻɫҲƭԼġ
ԪӤϸһöƷʯһˣġ
˫ӹлϡ
뿪Ժ˸öƷʯȻ˵Сӣһ˸¥ƹģĶСҪȥȡͷ档׼šˣٻңٸöʯ
ͷҪߵʱ彫ԪӤܸöƷʯƶ·Ĳ
ԪӤϸӦöӡǵʯ뿪ɢפֱ˸¥ٻ٣ʱڳܵ΢Υ͸У¾ϱɢ˷㱨ֱȥ˳
صߣԺ˵ոգʦֱȻϵķȥˡҲңֻ㡣
áοû뿪ϼٷһϸȥ
˳˵ĵط˱סˡ
Ȼס·ϰԵվˣ嶼Ϥ
壺ֱɱʦ֡Ϊʲô
пʦַʲôҲпǺͨʦַǵһЩܡ˼˵ţ֮⣬벻ʲôóôеҪʦ֡
壬ڸô죿ֻǷʣҲ˼Ӫȣ¿ŵΣǼصϡ
һۣ˼ͬһʱ䣬ͬһͷ
ؿΪߣֱӴδزС飬Ͼʱ˲١
ͷֻҪִɢǱӦѾĲԾΪ˱óȻɱڣǿ϶ʦֻ֡ҪסǼغ̵˾ͺˡ
˺ϼһٰѷ·һ£ڿֵĴɱնħҪʱ
üٷͽһűƷ˹ȥ
͵ĽǶȷǳһ˲佫նħըˣغȻ
˭ʲôˣ
˸ҽٷ֪ͨˡ
Χһ𣬽˻м䣬ħĻҪնħħԺͨħħħϢٴθ
ûնħ׶˶֡
˸ͷױУΧ仯Ժ֪Լʱˣһʱ뵽ˡ
ǣӦû˻ںС
ǲҪˣչ˺Լ˲֪ԼĺǶܷ
ǽٷʵǲ򵥣һ˶Ҫ
ԸֻԼһܹˮ
˲֪ѾȻˣڽкţǱԼϽ뿪ٹˣ
ܺڣûк˵ʵ֪û˺Ҷҡ


45 
һֱ, ڵȴɢ˵˹
ѺǰĸҲǳصģȻΪߣÿ˵ʵս鶼ǳḻ
ҿϵķȽ϶, ټʱĽҲ, һȥҲͬ׵һġ
ⳡսúܼЩܿͼ˵ס
û˶, ˽λסԺ󣬷ɳ˳ȥ鿴
ֳֿǶţбƽʱ屾ֱὣӭȥ
ĿΪɢ˵˹, ɱˣ˵ɢ˵˹ˣһʰľˡ
ֻøıս֮ǰƳ, ΪĶرܣ֤ĶֵȴŶ֡
ͬʱҪֻ˺Լ
Ⱥ˲ֶᷢڰе
Ҳûţвһ⻹ġ
ӱѧʲôܿ, ҷǳڱͨ, ĥԺֳŰѼȽǿķýȥ
Ϊַֻƴˡ
Чǲ, ƴ󷨷, ס˸ĽŲ
ˣϵͳİܹ鿴ֵ, ڲһǿڳ߿ʱ֪ɢ˵˸Ϲˡ
ʧҲҲֹдֱħ֡
ħǲģӦñɢһ飬ٳûй˼ɢ˵Ĵڣֱħ
Ǵɢ˵档
οǳϲǰŵ֪Լıͽ˷ڳԺ
ⲨǾǰɢ˵水ڵĦ
ǱҲȫǳصģ˺ͷһɵӣʣ¼ڲдܵѹ߸ʱһͬʱħ

ܵ÷ɿ졣
ҲȫˣǸòɿĸ˳ԺͻȻαǣһ˲䶼۵˵ﴦ
ûм棬¶֪ʲô
Ȼס棬廹ܹܵΧġ
ĸо
˼һᣬһŵøϽ󺰣㿪ҪԱˣ
˺ԼѵòʱĶһ嶼
˵ʱٽ˸ӡһʥȻĿǰֻһڶǰܹסʿȫһ
ȻȴûаַԼϣ˸Ժ󣬽
һϵͳһпܶ˳
пóûиõķֻջˡ
˵ĽѾֻпڵ˽𵤱˲ȥ
ʿԱ𵤣ܺԪӤܱȼ磬ڵпܸ޷ȫֵ
ҲҪȫֻҪΣԱ𵤵˾ͺá
ڵϷһȦվһ˲ƴ˹ĵˡ
ǿһڵ˺пܶɢؼ䡣
壡ܹ˸ܵ˸ոյĴը˶Ϊǿڵأһ֪ոһս˭˭Ӯƴͼȷǵ
֮ǰµʱΪ˱ûἰ˵֡
˲ôˣոյĴը϶һֶʤˡ
úʹ죬ΪɤҲֻֽһţ˻Ӧһˣ˻ţҶڽµһ
ʦ֣ˡȿȡӻҽֻ߳˻ǰɷֲƯʦ֣Ƕû¡
˲£ԭڵԺ󣬾ǿ̧ͷ­ƴȷİȫ
ĻӦظĽʵʵص˵ϡ
û¾ͺáЦʿԱ𵤣ǾȻˡ
˸ŽٺҸȻݣҸ̫ʵˣжöˡ
ߣȡ֡
ʱҲӰ˳µģ
ħ˵Գࡣ
״½ϣħĵطϷ֮ħ
ħħ壬ԶŵħͬͬرԴֻɣǱʿҪӽӽĴڣħʼħԶħ壬ҲϽ״½Ϊݡ
Զħһʮֻ
ÿһֻвͬǱ½Ժÿһʱͻӭһ췣廹ǲ״½޳ħ
ϵ¶ӴҪħֵ£ħҲоһµķܷʽ
ǾǴħħϢħ֣ԷչԼĺ
ħҸ£ܽ˱ħħ͵ȣͨǣֻħıɱ¾
ʱѰħǱħħϢΪħ￪ǡ
˵һħˡ
ʮֻħչԼĺ״½޶ħ塣
ʱѡǱ츳ֻҪħͳͳǱħ壬Ҳڶħʲβ롣
ħ̫࣬޽翪ʼٱħֵͬΣ
־ɳǣ۳һǿƬչ˵һħս
һսħʧܶա
ʮֻħȫѹ
ħ嶼նɱ˵ɱħ嶼˽ʱɱɾ
Ҳûôɾмֻħ͵͵ӵ˽磬˽˻ʵ˽ֵȷѪ꣬ǿԹԺ󣬼ֻħ˽ǧʱ㹻ħ
ħԺһ˽ĴΪѹԶħٻ˳
ħԺ󣬼Լħ壬ħֺħϢǧħ塣
ֱڶħսʼ
һħûбѹǱնɱ
ǻնɱħʱجˣħɱعֻҪϻһϢħħԶڣǲܹûһΣǿһЩ
ɱħͬʱϵħɾұͬʱУһһ̶УΪ˴˫档
ڵħֻһħ壬ħڤҹħ塣
ħӹ״½ˣǵѪҲ̫жޱ仯ħޣгܵħϢȾޣħޡ
Щǿ˾ħ
һħˣħ޺ͨĺһħѪֲħ
˵ħ߶Ĵڡ
ħħѪħۻ֮
ϵħƣû뵽˾Ȼħˡ
֮ʦֱӹĴм䣬ȻܶûǹħϢٿһЩ˿Ҳϳˡ
˲ԸǣƫͷҪ㿪ߡ
Բ壬ƭ㡣
˵ļ򣺡ʦ֣ÿ˶ԼܡֻҪû캦ɥ£ǱȲΪԼκ˵Ǹ
ЩԽħ˵ݣⷬ˵ԺͻȻȻˡ
ǰʦ֡Ϊħ˲ĴֻҪ㲻ħΪ飬ǵͬ顣ǲںǲħˣֻںǲǺˡ
˿ϣֿЦˣϵħƶºһЩ
ҿҽޣҽޣЦ˵һСʱļ䣬֪ǸҽŮȻֻƽ˺ܶˡһһ𾴵ҽʦ
ţʦ֣㡣֡
ᣬ漴Լϲ˲Ȼ󸲸ȥ
״Цס֣Ҳ㣬ʦ֡
ɿ֣ͻȻʶһ¡
¿ȥɢ˵ôˣ
嶼׼˵Ӧɢ˵ˣٳٵȲˡ
Ҳ죬ոջиܸ˹أܲһˣ㿴ֻȥ˰ɣ
ȥǲܻȥģֻǱˡ
ϹɢԪӤܣ˽ٷʵŭɶϸһȻڽħ˵ķӲ̡
Ҫ֣ͱһǿץס˳Ƹ˦һߡ
¿ȥλǰǰܹ֪һΪζ
ӦſλǰѾ뿪ˡ
׼ҳĵضһ룬·ֱƵġ
ǲ׼뿪ˡ
ǰͨڣҪҪ
ϳһŮˣһƣЦӯӯؿգѾãˡСԪӤش˹ǿôãǵǻһЪһЪЩʱǰɡ
޵ԪӤΪǧԪ״½λҲһĴܡ
λԪӤȻҲˣȻɢ˵ˣʱȲųͬԪӤǱĳЩõӵҲҪõöࡣ
˰˰ٶˣͷһôִ˱ĹŹǰ
֪Լ򲻹ΪոճԹˣ˵λǰϹһУӿͶûС
ôӣƲҪͬұȻȻ
ССԪӤŵҡͷң
Ͷˣ˵αһʹɱɱС˿ôã
ѵǡҲֻǸ˰СԪӤǰûһưĿ᲻ŵج


46 
ȻѾ, ҲûȥϸеĹŹ֡
ɢ˵ȻʧˣǿߵĿ־Χ
壺ﲻǾ֮أ߰ɡ
ȥģĿǰ޷Լڵħ, , ȥģ
ҲЩΪѣҪҪŪ㶫˵һ, ҲҲʵĶ
һиӡ
һӺҡ壬˸ʬ, ͨʬҪӲࡣ
ߣʬ
ܵΧ·Ͷ̽Ķһߵ, ȻСʣû𣿡
İɡ֮ǰ޻Ұյʱݸ˾ͳȥġΪǲл꣬ԶЩ߸ĹעҡҲʱһʬоġ
廹ǺܽţȻǸ˻˸ױĻ˺ʬеġ
ڳѾвħ, ǰʦֻʬ, Ȼȥׯžûҵʦֵ䡣ܿ϶˵, ҵϻһֱ, ﶺôöûзҡɼºĶһġ
廹Ǻܺ£±ʶ, ˵ΪݸᱻΧô粽У˵ᱻħֱͬɱ
ø첲Ӵһ㣬Ҫηηģͺӡ
ǿԼ΢΢ֻǳ
ֱֱǣס
ĴУĽƽܿԼˣ£ԼٽҲ޼£簲İŸʬݣñ˿
ھ˳ʱʱ䣬ǵׯ
ʵׯѣ·ҲԶʬжܻټ·һЩ˺ܺǰʻ
Ͼ֮ǰǲȥʬѾˣ³лܳʬֳֻµĲܺߣڿʬϵŵʬĴڣͦҵģҲ֪ôز
ҵĽںܼ򵥣ʱǸħͻȻ˺˼ӣ˾صǸϻħҪ͵ׯȥŹͳһ
Ϊ˰ŵݣݸʱջסһͬеļ޽ʱһǹݸҵӺСݸĶһƵġ
ݺϷϹ棬ûʲôʶ޳ʱǸ˱һֻ޵ˡ
̾˿⻹İ˴æ
ׯѾľʬ壬϶Եħһ̡
ׯԺǴһûţǷˡ
æ˸ɾĹײģʦ֣ίˡҺͰȥǱ߿
áǲõģʬϲħÿׯ˶ƽʱӦҲû˻˿Ƕ˵Ǵ֮ħֻҪһӴҸоʡ
岻ħ֮淽ʽԼ˵ʱӴĸо
ɽײԺһƷƷ
֮ǰҶѰ꼸ģһֱо
ʦ֣עⰲȫ
ҪܾԼĴ£ҪҲƴˣܸɴİűƷ¡
뿪ŷԼŵľȻƷ
˱øϽѶպá
뿪ׯԺֱȥ˳
Ǻ֮ǰһҿ̫
壬ڸô죿
ʵõİ취뿪ݸ֪嵽׻ʲôû꣬Ҫݸ
û˵˿ȣѾٷ֮ʮˣʣ°ٷ֮ӦǺݸħйء
֪ҶѰǱӦѾˣǲ֪ΪʲôҶѰһʾ
ѵҶѰûвͼ
Щѽ⣬ֲ֪ú˭˵¡
壿ôˣþ
ҸڣͿ˳ˡ
Сʦ𡣡СӣΪߵҲֻԪӤлǰǸû취ء
ʵҪ㿪ԪӤʿҲѣĴں⣬Ǹлֱ꣬۵ȥʵǺѷĴڡ
壬֪ΪΣֻҪͲᱻ˷֣ÿһζˣʲôڰϢһ
ٳˡСѣע˻
ʤ뿪ߺʤǫЦ˲ʧˡ
̧ԼգֲԾתŽף˸ܷɵ̬Ǹϸ΢Ķ˿˿ܲʲôȴһۺڱ˴з˾ȡ
ʤ˳Ժ
壬ûоܹŹ֣
šʦһ²⣬αװαװҲαװ
ͬΪڼЦģ£ϵı鵽Ķģһˡ
岹䣺ԪӤܶûзʲôԣֻ˵оû⣬ڶᡣ
һģһһˣ
˼ȴ仰ˡ
ƣҪȥһ˳ҲһЩ飬ǾͿֱ뿪ݸˡ
̫ΣˣҪȴȥѶ
ЦΪΣգԲҪһ⡣
޷֪ɽлƫɽе
̬ȼҲ޷ľ
ȷʵΣաƾճһ
ŵͷ
ָоѾϰˣؿĪֵҶѰ꼡
ҶѰ꼽촩Ŵ򵥣ֶȺһգ۾Ҳ˵ĸо
ϸŷҲ˺ܶƽƽˡ
Ŀ
ҶѰ꼲ķЦģҪ˺ǣϼֲһϢ
ʲôֻǳ֡
ͬɻҶѰ꼡
ҶѰ꼿̫Σˣȥ
ԣ˶סˣҶѰΪʲôҪ¡
ֱ˳
ҶѰЦǣ
ϡ
ĵ׸ӷˣٴΰԼΪΪʲôôͣΪٸһЩܺһжһĹ㰢塣
һƾðĹˣȥ˼˵ĿģҶѰ꼵ʱ޷ȥ˼Щ
ҶѰ꼸ĸоʵ̫ǿˣǿߣ벻κ鷸ҶѰԽıƿƭ塣
Ҳġ
ϾھԵʵǰκıƶֽϻ͸żЦ
лݸ£ܹȥٺòҶѰǺõòٺˡ
ҶѰ꼴˳
磬룬ؿջʰȻȥһׯ˵״ˡ
ҶѰߣҶѰ꼴ҡ߹ȥЩ
ҶѰЦģûܿǡ
忴Žˣûǡ
㵽ΪͲˡҶѰЦ˵һЩСϷˡ
ʦļҵʵڵһ
ʵڻӽĴڣΪ͸ĹȻһ㣬Ѿľ벻ԶˣֻҪԸ⣬ԶݵĸƬصķ
Ҳ˵ķԼ˴˵֪ĨȥһûܷǣڶʱҲ
ֱԼķ򱻸ģˮһ޸ĻʱҶѰ˵СϷǽ
ҶѰ꼿һƬɵӣٵľ̾ĽҲ̲ס˼֡
֤ѧ¡ҶѰʣԣҵԼĵ𣿡
ֱſڣ廹˼νȥҶѰȴŶ
ҶѰ꼣ҵֻһ֪ⰡĻԵûи˵øϸһЩ𣿡
ҶѰ꼲֪һ֮ʦΪǴϵͳ֪ʵڵ
ֶ˼ֲ²⣬ҶѰǰȷЯϵͳˣǸϵͳϵͳҲһ
ǸϵͳֻиϵͳŻṩһЩòֺܶϢ׽ϻ
ҶѰ꼲Ŀ塣
һ˲䣬о϶ǹ̵ģҶѰֱӿꡣ
ģһûôֱͣӿ͸ܡҶѰЦЦߵ˳ʤڳλϡ
˿վĸˡ
ȫʶ󣬶ҶѰ˵Ĵڵˡ
ҶѰ꼣ҪĴ𰸣춼ĿɡȻ֪ҪЩʲôֻҪҪģҶܸ㡣
忴ҶѰ˵仰ʱȻ٬ɫ档
Ϊʲôܺ棬û˻Ե޹ʰһˡ
ϵͳҲΪʱԸϵͳṩϵͳҲǴ
ҶС㣬ҶСҲΪ
ͻȻסܶʱҶСƺԵ޹ʵġ
ʶסԼϵĽ𵤣ҶСһ㱣
Ȼڵ˵һ𵤵ıӻѾ㲻ʲôˣǰõѣѾĵˡ
ҲҶСܸȫˡ
Լ޷԰Ρ
ǧҶѰܿ˿ʲôֻЦЦʲôҲû˵Լ˼롣
ֻʱȤʲôҲȴʲô档
ɵޡ


47 
ĵײɻ, ҵһ𰸣ͷҶѰ꼵ʱֻҶѰǳЦ, һϷļƿ
Ҷѡҡ
ꡣҶѰʳָڴ, ЦЩ, ϷҪˡ
仰ٳҲǳջر
Ĵڵ˶ͥվţȻ֮ǰڸڵְλǺܸߣǾСؾʧ, и߽ʧȺ˺ܿͱίΡ
һͷƷˣȿڴƳĬ
Ѷݸҵ, Ѿɣ֪ʱܹӼҵȣ
޶ڵķõƹ޶ڵķԴڵλܸߣҲ͡
ˣڵĵλҲࡣ
ڵһҲֵú, ѾȥˡٳΪҵ
ִõ, ǵץ˵λû뵽Ҳ
ҶѰߣ嶢Ǹ, ʵʶ
ץ, ҡҺܹĸо͡
ҶѰЦˣڳ, ˭ĸо죿
ĬĬͻȻһЦҲǸˡ
ҴӲһ㡣ҶѰ꼲⣬ЦĻֵú⡣
Ǽˡ
ǿҪҪʱԺʦµļ䣬Ҫ֪ǸصĻ˭
ļȴûйⷽϢ
ʦȻѾʿĳʱ̫磬ڵһħս֮ǰԹħ֪ʶȽ٣ҵĹħϢӦǵһħսԺһЩϢ½ħ壬֪١
ٴγĬʵû뵽ʦȻôԶŵǰ
ֻǸʱʿΪķΪ⣬ûбħȾʱϵͳƷضƷǿ϶Ϊõʦ𡣡
лԵظлϵͳΪ롣
ΪϢеôõݻڵ״½ԶʱѾͬˡ
ݸı䣬˵Ҳ֪Ǻǻ
ҶѰĬĬ۲ɫʱ滺ʱţ̶ǳ
ҶѰ꼲ⷢЦкηգֵ˷ģ
ҧ´ԥһᣬѡֱ̹ף˭֪𣿡
ΪҶѰ꼳գգۣȷʵδ֪̽ûкô
㣿ʣЩ㵣һϤİĴʡ
ҶѰȴûٽˡ
ֱڵ˿ڣ˵ΪɫħƵģΪ̵һ
ҸѾˣ¸½ڽǴáٲЩҾҪʧ֮λˣ
ʤÿǰⲽЩ˽ģڵһް
λѾ㹻˵ˡʤЦŻصıϣº¶һܡ
忴ֻĪ
ҶѰ꼣ȨӲ䣬û뵽Ҳһ
ħȨ𣿡ĻŨصĳ
ҶѰЦҲˣд𣿡
ЦǿȨоʹ
оǿѹ£ȷʵжݵĽһʧȥѹǵбȨյħӲյĻҡ
ü΢塣
ƺҶѰ꼵ĵ𣬲Ʋ޸дȻİ취һĸĽֱ٣´졣
ˣĵܱʿ
ܾҶѰ꼡
֪ԼµöԲԣҶѰ꼶ദʱ˽⣬Ǵˡ
ҪˡҶѰԱ߱˱ܡ
ܿһħƾճڵУոջڱʤ
һݵħгֵħȱߡ
ӭ󻤷
˼״ѧ˹ħǰ
ħ壬־ϮΪпĺȻ
ֻħԽǼˣϸλ£Ǽվ
󻤷ħϢҵԸΪ׳ƳǸȿڡ
ͣʤҲؿŸϵˡ
ЩˣǵĻͻȻŭƣ
˱ס֪Ϊʲô
Цħα޿ɲֻͬһӣҪԱϳǵﻹ𣿡
岻֪ⷬ˵滰ǳ滰ͨǰֻħ廤ѾܹܵħλħǿħӰÿһħ塣
Ϣŭ˵ˡҵ˱ᣬҪЧħҲ·ֻ¾ľ
ܼ򵥵ı֮ȻͷԼ򵥵ħֱ治
߸ϵ󻤷˺ܸˡ
ܺãǿʱЧǸҼסħֻһӣ˭һ֮ģһƹ
ǣ
ˡ
󻤷ħϢǳΪħ塣
󻤷ħϢ
֪ħҲ֪ħϢǶħ
ѵħҪչħ壬ħѾħֺħϢˣ
屻ԼĲ²ŵûð亹ٴӿħ壬ħսǰ϶ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰҲ²ħս£ʱû֤֤ұŽҵ˼
ڱ֤ʵˣоԼָⶼڷ
ֱֱסˣǿӲĿסָ
ͷʮָ۵ֻ֣ľֱϱ¶
ЩʲôԼǸɢˡҶѰֱָ˼£Ц
ҶѰ꼵ıʵǹƵˣΪող²Īֻţڴ˿̵Ȼ޴ˡ
Ҷѣ֪ʲô𣿡忴ŸλϵǸˡ
ҶѰ꼣ħһֻΪǵĴˡ
ĬĬĵһϯʤһϯ
Ĵħ壬ͷԼ֫󻤷Ȩ
ҶѰ꼶һ壬屻ŭԼѾֹ֮ϵĽ˹ݡ
ĴħӦͺܴˣ
ûҶѰ֪Ѿ֪ĴںħĹϵҲûټ˵ȥ
ѯϵͳǷύ𰸣õظԼռϢɼ仰ϴˡ
󻤷Ҫħ壬ںܾǰȺţһű֮ʦӵݸԿɽɣҷݸ¸֮˳Ϊƹݸ
ĴڵĴഫ໥ֵĺþʧȡ֮Ǳ˴˵ľжԣݻΪĴڱ˴˻ʶ
Ϊħĳ֣Ĵں֮ħ֮¾ۼһΪ˻ѡͶħ塣
ϴ
ϴɹ
ϵͳС
Ρ벹㡣
1޳ǷĴںħء2򡣡
뽫޳Ĵύȥ
Ĵڱ˴˾Сؾ̮Ӷʹ޳ķ
شȷ
ڻʣһ
ʵǲ֪ʲôʶŤͷˣʵ֪ô𣿡
ҶѰ꼿һµеĳ棬ƺѾûʲôùעˣҲ֪˵˭ĸħΥЦЦ֪ҿȥҴ𰸡
Ǽ˱ħϢ֮ǵ巢˷츲صı仯ۿɼòˣʵΪһ˲ıǡ
֮ƽ֮󣬼ϵħȻҲ
循ȣħϢԺħܱ
ȻħϢɲʲôöħ޳һħϢħ塣ħ֮е͵ȴڣҲħ塣
Ϊħ壬ʲô𣿡ҶѰ꼶ħ̬Ⱥ΢ֺ֮ǣҲֺϤ׽С
ҶѰ꼸һ֣ȲҲħĸо
ħ壬û򻵣ҲƬؼһˡҶѰЦˣȱķҲɰħ塣
ϸоһֱݸС


48 
ҶѰ꼴뿪
ټȥ𣿡
ûˡҶѰ꼴ȥһط, ڳĺԺ֮ǰĵط
ǸɻڣҶѰ꼵Ĵ, ׾ٱܽȥˡ
ף
оЩԾ, ʱоʲôȻ仯
ҶѰס֣ȻԺļӡ
оʲô𣿡ҶѰ
ϸ۲ΧĶ, ϴʱûʲôһ
ҶѰ꼿רעӣں˼ʲôԾȻȴʲô⡣
ۡҶѰ
İ۾
ԺͻȻܹܵԼΧŵһԹ
Щܾ, Ȼ۾
ԺЩֶʧˡ
ҶѰȤĿʶˣЦɿˣ
Щʲô忴, ֪ЩʲôûʲôԣһֱΧߣܸһֺܲõĸо
󷨵һ֡
ҶѰ꼵Ľͣٴαȥ۲ЩΧߵԹ
ЩԹܾЩ, ΪʲôûУ
ⲻԹҶѰ꼸, ǲ顣
һ˵Щѽ⣬ʲô
, 仰˵𣿡
ͷ, ǰʦ˵Щһֱ仰˼
ҶѰ꼣Щʱ򵥵ҲҪ
ЩԹ, ôأ
ţȡһԡ
ҶѰ꼵Ļѡһ£ȡһǹɺֵ壬תԺֺƽʱûʲô
ˣ
ҶѰüȤؿ
ͷˡ
ǵ䣬Щѹ֪Щʲô
ҶѰûǸŹֵĵطԼǰߡ
˺ԺԺҶѰһεС紦ͣ¡
ôǲˣҶѰʡ
ܾɥΪԼţ֪ΪʲôҾǾѹһаһֱŵĸо
˵㿴ҶѰЦЦı飬һ˲䣬ԼҶѰ꼿϶֪ġ
ôˣֱ˳
ҶѰҡҡͷ棬ҪԼ򡣡
˵գ˴С磬һ׹է֮ͻȻһط
ʪĵصŵսҶѰ꼵֡
ʲôط徯ܣһƬУҶѰ꼴Ӵóķ
忴һ۷ҶѰߵһֻөСܿǸСɹĵطһ⡣
Ǹһֱǰɣ㽫ǵǰ·ˡ
߰ɡҶѰץҪһˡ
崩زã˵صľͷ
ٳ忴űڵеˣȻѾȱʧֻ۾ǸӣԲϴġ
˭ӮԭѾİʱϣ
˭ҶѰǰȻ
Ӯһķʣ˼࣬ܵĻصʻ
ҶѰһ䣬ӮʵʵĻһ䡣
Ա߿ţо̾ѡ
ϵͳʵڵʵ𣿡
ûʵзõĲ࣬ӮܻƭκˣƭԼġҲƭԼġ
ʻֶΣѶʻҪ¡
һһ죬ǲκܶزס
κܣǰΡҶѰƳĿ־壬Цúɣ˶һʱһʲôµأ
һۣһ𣿡
ôһҶѰ꼵õ˴𰸣壬°𣿡
ͷոѾѴύϵͳˡ
ϳһӣʤӮӳ󲻾ãһĵ˹ϳΪһԡ
ʤΪݸΪƼҴѡ
õİ취ǳɱӡ
ϳ᲻ãǽʤͳţҰмӡ
ϳ뷨ܼ򵥣Ķӣ᲻ֱɱˣΪΪݸĳƼҼϳеشΣӦðһ¡
ʤᵤԺϵĴڵһͬʤնϡ
ԭ츳ӮǿʤһΪˡ
Ҳʱ֪Լʵݣ֮ϳ˳úš
֮ԵʤᵤԺٶ֣ΪᵤԺԪӣҽᵤԺҩ
ϳϣʤܻøһ㡣
ƼݸĵλʤûΪҲû£ܹȻһС
ϳ֪С£СҲܴû뵽Լһֳֳݸǡ
û뵽ϳһͨɧ
⸸װУǸϣնϣⲻǻİ·ϱ
ħ岻ϡҲòֻҪħֺħϢֱ֮ȥȡħ
ܶħΪû˵ħܽҵħᴿԵԽԽǿ󣬵Ҳʧȥǣñ޳Ѫ߱ɱ
Ҳħħֲͬԭ
ħ໥֯ĵطǴħ޾ۼĵطħΪĵطħأҲħĵط
ʤȻնˣΪһԤԺ˲˲
ħħӰ£ɹħ޵ĵ·
֮ϵħĻŵֻҪЧħ𣬱ħϢΪħ塣
ʤӵĵһ񣬾ǴϳΪݸµˡ
ϳԭֻϵˣʤΪ뵽һð취ĴڵľԽСؾжֱ֣СؾĴڵʵϲ㡣
ĴϴƵʱϵЩħˡ
Щһ˲ӣһǱʤħϢǣûʧֵʱ
ϾѾħ޵ĶԣħϢǿĸһҪĶܹ̥ǡ
ûܾܾջ󣬸οЧħ𣬿ԳΪݸʵϵȨˣʵȨ˫ջ
ʤɹԺֱɱϳ±˷֣ΪĴκβ
ɱϳԺΪйߣӮÿĥȡ֡
ύԺϵͳ飬Ȼֱӷ͵ܲ
ĵȴ
εĴӦˣϾдĵطϵͳֱӵһʱ䲵ء
ҪȴҪȥʵŽ
ҶѰ꼼ظģҲǳǳЦ
ǽˣҶѰ塣
ͷָӮô죿
ѾˡҶѰҡҡͷ
ЩΣ˵ҪҪ
ȥʡҶѰ꼲֪Ӯϲ뿪Ͼ𵤱ڳҲ飬˫Ҳˡ
ʿõ£˫ȷҲͷˣ
ûˣԶû취ԭˡ
ӮԱߣҪ뿪𣿡
ӮûشʵС㣬ɻã
֪δ޺˽ʱϿǺʤйӴʤαװöôãС϶ϳġ
ǲ֪ʤǰĺ᲻
ʤѾ֪ͨʦˡ
Ӯ˿ȻЦЦҾǳȥҲһڴҵĸװɡҲ֪λǰǺˣҵλѰǰڴƼʱܹȫҸ׵һΪݸְҲǰвŷ´Ҳ˱ӦƼҲɴ˸˴ۡ
֮ǰħޱϮϳȷʵĲһһ⽫ݸİշϡ
Ҳ΢ᣬҲɢ˵ľߡ
áҶѰӦӮĿ
ӮֿЦЦл
ȥҲɢˡ
ӮһӮûٸκηӦ
ɹ
齱һΡһǧһס
ߣ
֣5500+1000
Ƿ齱
ϵͳʾȻʧʵһ©ǾʵϲûвԵݡ
ôҶûֻ֪ʥɽµӣԺݸ֮䵽ʲôϵأ
ֻڵĿ䳤
ֻϵͳΪʲôҪԼ飿رעڳʼϣĿʲô
Щѽ⣬Ҳȥ˼ôֻ࣬Ҫõ־㹻ˡ


49 
ҶѰ꼴뿪˳
ڳȥԺ, 忴ǽµźţһıʶ
ҶѰ꼴˹ʲô
ţ
ͼʲôҶѰ, ֵ, ǲ˵ҲǡϾǸˡ
ȥʦˡҶѰ꼵Ǻ仰ЩЦĸо
ҶѰվ
ͻȻоϳֵĶ, ҶѰ꼵ָ
Ժ󣬿ʶҡҶѰϻһƬСҶӡ
ͷҶѰ꼸ס, Ҷûꡣ
ҶѰֻһС㡣
ͿѻСкܶ࣬ͱ˵غô죿Ƕ仨ģ, ͨܳСֶܻ
ҶѰЦ»
ԼתúʾҶѰҲȥҶѰתȥԺͻȻ, Щ, ΪʲôһҪڱϻأ
кܶԻͼĶ֮ǰҶѰֻʡ
ҶѰȤصô𣿡
ָ, ĺ, Ȼܵ, ֱӴ廹ǽˡ
ҶѰ꼴ڸܵ廭һʺЦϡ
ˡջ֣ȭָϵĹ̡
ҶѰ꼻Ժת壬㡭
ѵҶѰϿֱ飬ô˵أЩɵɵĸоֿɰġ
ĿҶѰͷϵͳʾΪһ˵
ҡٴǿˡ
ҶѰʧЦá
ôأ
һԼ˳һСѿƵɰܴ
㶼֪ˣҶѰ
ͷ֪ÿιҺȾƣҺ˶鿴ҵѾ˲١ϾСĶӦüǵѿʱģɣ
ҶѰûЩ£ǲ鿴ºأڵ֮ʶ˫ˡ
ֻȫζԷʱ򣬲ŻὫԼȫгҲֻʱʶԷ壬̶ڶԷߣѲԼһ㳤ֱ룬ֱﵤӶԼԷΪԷڵһ֣һҲ޷롣
ĵĵ֮䣬еһʱܾˣΪԼһ˵ʶԼһʱܷıơ
ûҪ㡣ҶѰ꼳Ĭ˵ǳĻ
У֪»ı֣
ǿ־壿
ֱֻԶ
ҶѰ꼲֪Ѿϰ˳Ϊһħħ˼ʽ޲ͬħῼǳκ˵뷨
Ѿ˵˼άദ
ƢϷץħħ
ȻץޣǵԪӤιˣֱΪ
ʱͿֱӰ忪ʼ˫ޡ
˫ٶȺܿ죬Ź˶þܹﵽɽڡ
ȵɽԺһƻҲʵʩˡ
ʡµģħ·ʽ
ͷҲ︡˼Σ㱻׷ˡ
Ǹĺ˵ðɣû취ֱӶ֣ΥԼıôƵ顣
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪң֪ûж⡣忴ҶѰ۵һĻңЩݣ֪һܣΪʲôǰ¶顣
ҶѰӦһû˵¡
Ҳûټἰȥׯ˻ϣȻֱ뿪ݸ
ߵʱҶѰûи
ҶѰ꼸˵һ¡
ԶһйĵطһҩҪϷɢ޸ΪиߵͣҪǩħϽٵģҪƴȫסҩġ
ܸߣ㲻ʧġⷽ뷨Ļȥ˽һ¡ҶѰ˵뿪ˡ
Ϣں˻Ժϸ
ҵԼǻǰװɽկƥ߹ôԶ·ƥˡ
廹ȡ˸֣г
ѾѹסԼħ֮ǰҲûʲôһˣƢһЩ
ڿԿƵķΧڡ
ȥƥһ뿪ݸ
̫ˣ·ϸ̾ţݸ
һ·ĬϹۿݸ鼮ܶӣûжȥЩɬ֪ʶ
ѧκ˶ġ
ǰҶҵʱͺڵСһһ쵽鲻֡㲻ôˣСְ鷭ˡЦſЦǵ°
һûκη
ЦǶǹȥˡҺͰǺѣʦһ㡣
ϣתţЦðɡԺҲ˵¡
촽ջʲôҲû˵
·߿ջ׼ͣϢſջͣµļмصޣԱ߻ֲཡ׳
ĥһ£ǾǻǱЪˣȥӦҲûзǡ
߰ɡ˵е
׼뿪
ߣջ߳һλ»ӣ߻£ѾԶȥˡ
Ǵݸķģߵӡ
Ӧش𣺡ضӵĻȷʵݸǱ߹ġ
Ǳߵˣô˳ˣš
ӵǰȥ̽˻ˣѾˡ
Щҩô죿ָָЩŵҩģҩݸҩĻû߾ûˡñ򸸻ʽ
ӱ׾಻֪ô˵һվ˳Цض¡
شӺӺĿ˹ȥһд峺޴
ĻЦ˶µЩҩģݸ߲ܺõô졣
ûݸء߶ˣظƨһڣԱ˱Ц
ҲգЦ´ݸǶԵġڳ⣬ҩȴ͵ˡΪļʱ꣬žݸⳡǴ𰡡
˵ñƭʣ
Բӣӵݸ߲ͽˡʵʵҹ
Ӷ˶򣬸Լɽǣüͷ¡˵˴һҲû°׷˭𣿡
¶ˡ֪ܵݸ£¶ģɶԼˡֻҪúһ²ѡܵ»ʳа
¶մϷѾˣܻܰûʳ裬ֺ˭ܲĶ
׼Цˣй֮ˡ
֮˭ֲأ
ο׷ԼһչͼղɲһҪһ֮֮ϣҪʷ
Ҫǽȥˡ
һ˲öױӶΪͼıа
һ߻ˣǱеĴ󹦵¡
ͻȻԶˣݸģȥķҹķ򡣲ϱ¶°ɣ
ѵҲ֪ġ
ղЦˣ·ġԺ˸˹ȥҹźãǸ̤һʬ޴档
ȱĳôܶʹɱɱҪǸеıˡŮģҿģ毺áϱ򻨹
ղһ⻰ˣǲܽҪֱˡ
ȥ죬·ģ
ղԼȥϾͼıĹ£ôĿŵأ


50 
ǰǹˡ, ˶һֻա
ӣ̲סЦ
ȥǰ濴ǿϣ˲ȥ
Ժ, Цʦֻࡣ
֮ǰ̫ѹˡЦ, ˭ϱЩ, Ŷû취ɡ
˺ǣǰ¶ʵԺ󣬲ûиеˡ
ͷ, أ
ң
šҲ˺ܶ飬ڣʲôǲ˵أħѪҲ̹Ȼ˵㻹б𣿡
ʧ, 룬ЦҴȥϷҩȣҵİ취ٺòġ
Ļǳ׳Ĭˣû뵽ͬɽһѹ, ȻԼйء
أҩҲû취أǸˮ, Ҳƫ򱯹ۣǸʵ֤ҩܾĿ΢΢
Ͼʦ, Ϊ˾ȹ, ұ״½ϷҩҲȥġ
ǲ, Ҿȥħ򡣡
仰һףը˫ʹؿ壬ɫ糣˵һܼ򵥺Ѱ¡
壡֣г˷ŭαˣҲһƲлܹ꣬һһգΪðա
û˵֪ûзͷ
ģһᱣԼ忴˿ԼϵͳҳϵĽܣư״½Ͳܾ޽磬Ҳǻȥħġ
ֻǲ֪ǶãᾡԼŬȥ
׷˵ʱǰûʲô
о֮΢仯˺ڸոշ˵ʲô֪¡
˲ҸЦֻŲԱߣС
壬С㡭ôˣ
ûʲôʲôʦֶˣû¡
Լĥĥ˵ô࣬һŵģ˿ЦǶˣôֲˣǵôˣ۸С𣿡
شҷˣ᲻ᣬ˽㣬尡ԼίҲ۸˵ġӣˣǲС۸ˣ˺ֵܹ£˵˺ֵܹĻ
ǲشһηԼĻ
ԲԡӦáС㣬Ƶ˶ôأԽ˵Խңɥôˣ壬˵˵ǰ˵ЦͻȻˣһþ
ȥϷҩԺô졣˵ûȷ˵
˰룬ڣԭһȥҩԣϾұǸҽޡҸıˡҲһڸҵħûоԵİȫݸһһͰħ̼ˡҺݸûоԵĴڣټϳЩ£Ļᡣ
ǣ˸طϷҸոձ¶ͱȺ֮ˡҾħ
˵ĻȤħܳ𣿡
Ҳϣַǿֱħġһ÷ѹڶҩ⡣
ˣʲô취
ûСҩҲ֪ҡ֪һֲ취İ취
ţ
Ϊޣ塣ȻħȻ̺ʹ࣬Ҳһ޿ѡʱѰ취
ʵֱӶħޣͲôˡ
ѡ˭ûп˵Ϊ˽ˣ˲ΪԼһЩΥԼԸˡ
̫λữħˣƽֵʱ۸ǵҲкܶ࣬ÿһ˶ܼȥЩ۸ǵˣûһ⿪ڵĽƣΪħޡ
ʦ֣ۺʱΪᶨǰ־
ĻϸֳˬʵЦģҲΪħġ
̧ͷգ֮ϣҪߵ·
׷Ѿͣ·ߵǡ
ˣҲûٺս
Ъᡣ
ԵɡٹȵԶ˻ҪĽⵤ̫㡣ѰĲ˱ӵ˹ȥ
ҲóԼͷѯҪҪ
ҳԱӾͺá˵꣬㽫ӵϣȻȥȡˮ
ˮݸЩˮ
ֱӣֱͷι
γˮľСˮС
СģÿεҲ٣ΪǺ
˿ˣʵܸҺȵ㲻
ˮ㲻ߣϴ࣬ˮôܺͱ˻á
ˮҺȺȡ˭ĲҪҪҲһ±ιŵĸоҧͷ϶Ц⡣
£гעתˣιòã
˲㱻ͷҭסڨЦţС㣬Һ忪ЦЦιֲǲзˡ
Ц˵Ҳзˣ
Լ죬ЦűɲһǡŶˣ²˵ˡǺô֮ǰйһΡιˮ
˵꣬ɫ˼֡
Ҳ֪Լľ仰˵ˣ룬ȥ˰ˣԼǺúóͷɡ˵ǵģùҡ
ܿտżԽͷ񣬾ûԵĶˡ
˳Ժ˸ñͷϣϱ˯
˯ˣ¿ܿһȦȻߴ
֪ˣȻ˹
ʲôʱˣôң˿ѾɫϽȥ˶Աߣ˿
ΪԼ˯ˣѾˡ
һĻе̧꣬ͷһۣ漴붨ˡ㰲һЩˣ㡣
ͷ˲٣ȻȥԱ߲鿴һȦ
ʱҲˣ붨ʱгж̣ҹ׼ɡЩΣ֪ǰǼҿջסһˡôиڷ絲ĵط
ˣջÿ仹еҲõľ󣬰տջģͬĴСҲһùЧҲͬ
Ҳ·õջԵʣʿں¶ޣΪĲϢʱ߻һת
ϾÿʿޣҲÿ˶ʱһ
ټЩջṩ붨ʱһ㱣ϣʿҲǻѡջš
ԼĴ﷭ңȻȡʯͰ
ʦ֣òˡȻ˵ò̫ΧƵЩѾ㹻ˡ
ʿĲͬ
Ҳһɡڸ֡
Ѿˡָ˹ȥĴ𵤺һʱҲ޷ƿ
˴Ϊ𾪣Ŀɿڴ
ʲôΪˣ
˿סԼļ
ƮƮŽףȱһܽᵤˡ
Ӧû취ᵤΪһһֻܽᵤһΣο˶㡣
˸о֮Ĳ࣬˺ħ֮Ĳ໹̾˿Ҳã֮ǰףӦõס
ΪԼٶɢ֮Ҳˡ
ʵǴĴ
¿ϣ찡һԵɡ
˻䣬ˣֳִ󵶳ȶΧ˹

Ƴһˣŵõ
ŷ֣˰γԼĽȻЩ˶ʲôˣ
еɱˣŮĴߡ˸´ָԺ󣬱㿪ʼƳֵϣϣ
ŭˣƾʲôеľ͸ˣ
ȻǸҽޣǾת޵һ̣˵̬ͷ˱仯Žͳ˳ȥ
۲һЩ˵ΪƷӦöߣڣڣûһǽ𵤡
˳˷ԺžİȻҲ˳ȥ
ûѡýֱóķ߰


51 
ýصסһҪ͵Ϯĺˡ
û°ɣ˽, ĿЩˣ֪Щһô£ô, ǵĲƵġ
˵޷, ˵ɲһ¡
Ϊ˸оԼҪĴˣһĴ, ڵħ޷ѹƣҪħ˵״̬
ٴὣ˹ȥҪԿЩ˵ǲ޵
ԽսԽ£ԽԽ
˼öҪƿڴˡ
ʦ, ƣ
˸оһʱͻȻ
ѾߵͷȥѾˣϵʶһЩ仯
ע⵽, ˵ȻҲˡ
Ϊ׵ĺ˵ͬߣڿ߳ԺΪ׵ĺавá
ϲ߳ɹ̶
ǧ
ϵͳʱ̨ߡ
оı仯֮ǰֻΪ·̫ˣʱ, ԱߴС
ֻһ, 滺ƣ
û뵽Ȼн״̬ݲķ߽󷨡
Ϊ󷨵תѭ, ǲҪʿٽת, Ҳй
ȴҪÿһʱ䣬Ѷų, Ϊ⣬ȡΧΪ⣬յ޷ȡãֻܶѻڣų
ܻܿ˯б
ʿûţҲиԼ尲װһ󷨵ֹŹͷ
岻룬ȥһ
û뵽ϡͿĴ󷨵ģʽ
תΪ
ܹоȡ֮֮ߵڲϵӿԼڣҲҪΪȡЩڵ΢ϡ
ľۼûгױŷѾõ˸е
Ƕĵˣվߵ˶оǿΪĲʡ
壬֪붨ʱʲô֪ڵ岻ķΪﵽһ¸߶ȡ
ٲŬһЩ޷֮ͬˡ
ʲôˣû϶֣ΪĻ۵㹻࣬ӵǿķɵЩˡ
˭Ҳûп˵ֻ˶ڳ˾ս̬
˷ߵ󣬡壬ī֪ʲôˡɱҲû¡
ͬ˵Ļ
ɱɱɡʻӦʲʲôˡ
֮ǰʮˣ˺Ŭֻɵ
ɻʮԭ˺ǲµģֻǱȽϷǸŮˣϵĵƾȻͷƤ飬ķǰ׼һòꡣ
ǸޣΪ壬Ƕĵ޵Ҳ޷סеĽ
ʱûޱӻŮˣٶķҲ׽á
ȴǸȻЩ鷳ҲǲǿƿʱŮ޴ߣεˡ
ԭʤʳˡ
û뵽ûǴˣŮ˹
ˣ񻹿ˣΪľصĲ
󣡡
Ϊ׵ĺһ£ʣµĽ˿ʼΪ໥ϣϳһԵ
Сģ˺ΪһѺ
ɲǵܱƴġ
ʿԺϵúãԽɱҲ⡣
οΪŲڡ
պҵ¼ܡڹ۲ǵ󣬿ٶǵĹʦ֣ȥȫĵط
ߣº岢սǿ̤ʱ߳һϤĲ
һʱקԶˡ
˻ûӦͷԼƥһקˡ
˻عֻǰͺ˴򶷵ĵطͻȻһ촫̶ǰȻһĢơ
ܳŵԴϡ
壬ܵÿ졣
Ҳ£÷Ӧÿ졣
󣡡˸̾ҵһμô󷢣ҲʱȻٶô졣Ҫõ
ǰԴ󷨣ǰҪʯΪھȻʯˡ
Ҳû뵽ôڿӵףƯǺһɤӣ̲סĿ
ι壬𣿡
ƽ׶ߵĿ̽Դ
ʦ֣ơһáǣûˡ׼Ѿ
Լ岼Ҫ󷨼Ч̫ˣûӦˣֻܵеٷɿΪԼʵսһʥŽԼס
ڿֿЦˣ壬н޲𹥻ɣܹﷴӦ죬С嶼Ҫιˡ
忴ſϵˣŵЩΣ֪û뵽ôʦ֣ôˣ
ļ˶ˡͷ͵ɡʡʬˡ˽ӹӣϵԼϣ壬𣿱Ȼʬء
ӵι̣Ȼ˿ӡ
ߣӰϣȻʾ˰æȥ
ʦ֣ϻˡѰȥԼҲߣһ̣ȥˣƥ޹ھ赹Ҳֻŵһˡ
ҲòȥȳߵһЩȻһͻ赹ҲҪһЩ
Ȱˣְȥ
ЩԺڵϣ۵ò˵ˡ
һܿһ̲ͣЪӿ壬ܿͻָ˹
岻֪ԼʲôʣʾԲһ㣬Ǵһ㲻϶һ·ǧ
Ͼ˻ŬȡʱѾˡ
ָԺߣһĽƣؿͷסʵİ¡
ƣ㻹𣿡ȻóһƷ
𡣡ס󣬡ôõĵҩžˡϢһ¡
֮ǰÿ˵ĶѾˣҲõʱ֪ⶫжôá
С״ûдϮ˷鵤
룬ԼҲֻʣˡ
Ȼ󽫾ϣٴ˻صȻԱ߲þ
ϣǿȶ
żʯ־Ͳ˸ٿ˯ʱĵ
һθ̾һ·˳Եò࣬ȵò࣬ôʵͲô
˳ţǲΪԵͷǳԵǲ˱ӣ
ͻʳҲ֪ü
Ϣ
Ҳڲ
һαػǣһҹûʲô粨
ֻʱȺԶԶĹˣҪԵǼƥҲܻܹ
ȺԶǱǿ뻹Ƶ뿪ˡ
Ѿ׼̻عûãӭײϼྡԵȺ


52 
һ˼·
, ĳϻǷӦʱͱǳˡ
ҺûСЦ, ҿɲѾæһ
Ҳ, ԶԶɽٵĵط
쿴ǲջ𣿡
˹ȥ, һ»ĹӣǱ߼ƥŻҲͬƣ
ˣҪҪȥ
壺Ǻ, Ƿʲô¡ƣҪҪȥ
ԶԶһۣƿ, ¡ֻˣӦѾΣաǲùȥˡ
˺⻰ǣ·뿪
·ЩĬοһֹӡ
, ʦ, £
ûûС
˷ˣһزסµ, һ, ߣ, ûоáСǰ̫һˣ
Ҷǰ֮ңȼգƽ˶ܹҶҵĺá
һΣ·ѵˣȴ޶ԡ
ܾЩ֡
忴һһߵͷˡ
ʦ֣˵ûǳ⣬ȷʵ׶¡
˼ˣˣǼˣȻðһ
ĬĬȻ˵һ£ʦֻǵ޸𣿡
ǵáôͻȻ˵£˲⡣
ʦ˵ʱǻĹڰװɽһĹʦְν˵Ĺˡأʦ֣𣿡
뵽ǻĹ˵ĿģѾĹߵҾ硣
ʦֺͻȻжȥȫ
ʦ֣ûһҲûδ֪ȫò³֣ǳͶƻΪŰأ
죬˺þãźС˵ɣʲô֪ʲôųΪΪΪŰ㲻ٳ־ˡ޵ĵʲôأ
岻֪ô˵ˡ
ǰγǻѪ·ƽƴȣ
ȷʵˡ
һȻϧҲûж˳ġ
ʦ֣˵ûΪ˵ҲûˣҲδز롣ֻǷǸҲܿóȺѾգҪȥ·뿪ٺò
˱ⷬѣʧǵţңˡ
ʦִ֣̫Щ¡ƾľͺá
Ȱ˵˵˵ͷ
ߣóûܵ˿Ӱ졣
ˣڡ
һ£̶ʧЦô˵Ǻ壿
ȻأôˣСһ㣬˵ǲþˣұȥƵġ
ˣոա塯ʦ֣ڸ尢ˡ
찢ҪȥҲȥġЦƲᡣ
һۣȻϱûʲô仯ɫôһЩ
㲻ᣬΪңң˵ʱԶ׼ġȻѣ㲻ȥ顣෴Ụҡͬǰ㣬±ʦ⣬ҲỤҡ
˵Ѷֻ֣üʹεǲ˵ǲҲȥˣ
ͷûаѣҿҲȥƣ費Ҫ
һǾ仰⣬Ҫ¡ȼûΣգֻǿࡣûҪȥһֻԼһɧ
ͷӦ£Ҽסˡ
߰ɡӿٶ
ϽȥǽıӰҲ֪ûС
ǰ治Զ˹ٵ
ٵܿغϸ񣬵˶ʿֻҪʾһͿˡ
ݸ֮ǰݸ˳
ⶫʵ׾ŪԼҲ߸̡
ټƵݹȥͬʱʮöƷʯСİЧʾͿúˡ
˳ɹ˹ٵһ·Ͼƽ̹˺ܶࡣ
˽Ĺٵǲͨͬеġ޽磬ȻҲУͨࡣϾĴܣɲЩطܲߡֱӷɹȥѾͨˣƽˣʼΪܹ
ٶȷǳ죬ִ˼СԽԽĵش˷ܵؽڵˣ
ֱӽȥ𣿡忴ǰ¥ټĹ֣Щ𺳡
϶̺ĳǿ˵ʥڳ¥ţϵעÿһӳ¥¾ˡ
֮ǰݸʱڳһϣϾ֮Ͳ׼ˡ
ڿķ̶ȣӦǲҪġ
ֱӽȥɡǹݸ˽ĵһǡﵽĶǣ߲ݵҲҪղܵ
˵Ļ˾ȽǺúһȻ˽һ¹ȥĶǡ
ǣǡ
˻кܶ࣬ڱѾܿмشȻϡطΪձ鲻ߣΪĵλãطķǳĸģ޴඼ᾭ̣ϱĻϱȽȵһضΡ
Ϲأ˸ҿջס
սȥ޴һ˵ܿģڵûг׻εޡ
˸Ϊ˰סҲѵҪϵݶˡ
һϰԵȥ˵Щʲô
Щпĵ˹Ҫ͵ҩģ޲²⣺˵Ҫˣǰʽȱ
˵ħˣɱħפصʿ˰ħ¥Ϸˡ
ˣ¥ܹҵס̫˰ɣħö˶˵ģħʲôǲʲôֵ£˼ң
ι㻹ǲޣôħ˵
Ȼûϸ˵ͻᱻħһģĶħޣһΪħ˵Ͳˡ
˶˶ë׵Ķ䣬Ҳǰ
״½ҲһĴڣڵ
޵ԴħԴħ
壬дСԴ汲ؾ
ǹһٲֱֹ
ͨ˴ԴĲͬ״½ϵļ˻֡
ЩһСģ֪ȷʵǸ
Ǿû˵Ĳˣֻм޷ǳеĿʼš
ļҵСէ֪ħնɣ
ħɱǲҪɵģħħɱɱħɵԶһ㡣
ûûãħܶûáܵģħޣзħˡҪħ壬ԼһЩĹײİɡ
ħ־ɣ
ⲻʵһħսħʮİħ屻ѹİҲħսǲûѧʷɣ
ⷬһ˶Ĭˡ
ȷʵˣʵħս˶֪ǿȻ٣ΪħħֻҪҪĳϺз
ħϢļйҲ˴ĸ߽ħ塣
Ҫ޽硭̾˿гǣĿǰ˽⣬ħķѾǴ˺ڣҲ˶ɽڣֻҪӭ׽٣ֱӲ֤ħ͸˵ˣħʵΪֻһ
ħķ֮УͶʵϵ͡һڣһ˳ڡ
޽أ
޽磬䣬λħսʣһλ˺ʧڱͼıϷ֣һڵԴǱֳȥˣҲܺͲһǿĴˡ
޽Ϊߵģ˵ЩϹ֣ߵǼǿҩǰǶɽڡЩ쵱ţʵڵ̫ϳϣҲǻ塣
Щ˵Ļñ˴ͷһΪΪǡ
ԱȺֻСޣٴζ˶䣬Цնæʲôߴ壬λǴ˺ڣһɽڡǵʸǲ֤
˶Ĭˡ
һסë׵С䣬ÿ𣿡
ĬĬƿߣʶ±ӣǹġ
һμϳ޶֮¾ͶſþЩû뵽Ʊץסˡ


53 
屻ץԺ, 㲻ٿǸСŮ
ת˵ʲô
ûʲôЦʵʦ, ׼𣿡
ѧ֮ǰȹ, Ҳһok
Ȼطɡ¶޺þãҲúúʰһ¡尮ɾ, һִԽģͨľеﲻʣҪˮúϴһ²Żĸɾˡ
ûã˰ŰѶͻطԺ, Լ˸֮㿪ʼҵһݵصĵͼ
ˣһȥ鿴ˡ
ϴԺоˬ˲, ·Ժӷ
ϣӭǸıСŮ
ϽÿСŮǰͣ
Ҽǵ㡣
СŮ˵棬С䣬ĬĬƿߡ
, ֡СŮԼë׶, ڴãҼһֱҵĶ䣬ôǰ, ȴˣ
û뵽Լ࿴Ǽ, ˸ע⵽ˡ
ǸҲǹðġϽǸ
СŮνЦЦ, ûû¡岻ЩҿϲӣҪҪһ
һʱûӦ
СŮҪ𣿡
御󿿣Ѿǽˡ
ˡҲˣΪҿǵʲôǵĶ
ãСŮһδչʱ򣬶һͷͻȻˡ
߳һŮޣͨʿ̫һλŮϴŵǴ̫ͼİɫۡ
ÿҵ·ʽͬѸͼ·ϣݡ
֪̫ͼɵıʶʺ⣬ǧ겻ĺƵģ˸ܸо̹ǵĺ⡣
ߣʲôŮ޿ˡ
ϵСŮӽӲסתŮ޵һ̣ŵһĨ;ˡ
û̫ԶͱŮзɳķסˡ
СŮҪʱ򣬱ֱӰ
ŮǰЩ£ʵǿΪҲܸߣսࡣ
ԪӤΪ
С֣ˡΪǡ
⻰֪Ůûж⣬ðȣλ׹
šŮû˵һתŷӵСŮ˷
߲ϸߣڽ֮£һ㷴ûУֱֻȸŻط
źˣ׼¥ʱŷָڷǱ򿪵ģſԣȤؿ
ơ岻֪˶٣ЩεķЦ
ҪΣݸҶѣ׹壬㲻ԵԵԵҲǳ
ĵ٩䷢죬ЦŹȥ㶼ˣ
š
ʲôҲû˵Ц
תطûаѷŸϡ
ˡ
º󣬵裬Ա£ССںš
Щ΢Ϊ裬Ժڸлʿϲ
ЦʲôĴǣЩΣЦЩɵ
оࡣԸ֮̾ǰࡣ
ϾѾһεˣҲˣֻǸлꡣ
֮ǰ˵ĸоȻһˣʶԵġ
⼸첻һˣ࣬񶼻һЩ
壺ϣԽԽá
û˵ĬĬŲ裬һл˵ף̫ˡڲúĳͻʧˡ
Ļĵ׻Ǿúܸ˵ġ
ֱһ˷ӵĸоֻһл꣬Ҳ˶ݡ
ʦأ룬ǺòͣϢӦðѱ˴˵װͳƷһ¡
ҹһǳٵĵطȻۺʵҲǿǹϱ߼ŶҩһǵĹҡ
壺ʦֳȥˣ𣿡
ԼĴ˵ˣһ¡
ɵɵӣ̲סЦôֻ׼ˣҾͲˣ
ǲǡֻǣϵĶҲడ֪֮ǰ϶ԸˣӦķ
²յҪȥ˳㶫
һЩհ׷п
á
ϵͳʱͻȻˡ
ɹ
ڵ˶ˡ
һ¥һ߸ϵͳ˵
ʲô¹𣿡
СֱΪѯҪٿ¿ˡ
ЩˣȻ¿Ҳ󣬵ǻֺҪʡʡá
ϵͳȼ󣬿ֱӿֶһܡ̳治ԶһΪ
6500ֱ֣ӶһӦΪ
Ϊһ¡
ȫһڿֱӱɽף
ûҪһ𣿡
ٵȵȡҪú롣ûһΪΪӵˣԼҲܹΪǰѻõˣоƶࡣ
õġ
ˣҵͳ齱ûðɣͻȻϴεݸĴڵĽûã֮ǰ׼ãҶѰ꼴ˣ׼ãϵͳȥˡ
ǵģҪʹ𣿡
ȰˡȻٳ齱
С
ϲ½
[ٻ][֮ս鿨3][Ƭ1][Ʒϵ10][޵1]
Ķ˳Ĭ
ϵ޵ôе㿴ˣ
ôһĶûУǸ޵֮ǰ͵޵ҵڶ֪ôʹáһ
Ҫԣ
еĵ˳ɵĸо
ɡˣȻ͵ĶЩ̫⣬Ժ˻֣Ҳûʲôˡ
齱С
嶢Ժеת̣ѡȡڼߡ
鵽һΡ
һΡ
ܻϵͳڹ̬顣
һγ齱ѡȡת˼Ժһ潥û
ҪҪĵĬԱǸǧ־ͺãǧ֣ǧ֣
Ρѡȡɹһ
ˡˣѾʲôϣܸоֻʲôĶ
С
[޵1][Ʒʯ10000][˪1][׷ۡ1][ѡ3][Ƭ8]
һ޵ҪҴһ̵𣿡Ѷһ£ڿʮƷʯʱסˡ
ϵͳȻЩʮƷʯʵڵġ
ͻȻͣ£ߵҲͣˡ
ôˣԺһֱ겻ģոջײ˼ҵޡ
ʮƷʯʲô
ʮƷʯЦţ˫壬εĸ
ġձһֻŷ
Цɿ֣ÿط۲һ״½ӱϣʯļֵҲͬ
ڹأ
˸С̯ͷ
С̯һöƷʯ
Ȼˡ
һöƷʯͷݸһöƷʯǰ˵ʮͷʮƷʯڹʮڵͷ
һִһǮͷ͹ͷ۸࣬ôһöƷʯһǮ൱ӵʮڡ
ұˡʮƷʯֿ
ֵݸĴ֮׵ڣÿҲֻǧöƷʯĽˡʮǡ
ͻȻðһЦȥ˰ֻаƷʯŶʮĻȹȫ˰ջࡣܶ࣬ʵҲûôࡣȥ̰ۣץ̰٣˿ʮƷʯ
ͷһ˫ë׶ӳ
ϽŲߣһŲ㿴СŮ߸ŵŮޡ
Ů޻·֮ǰ̫ͼķۣڻһֻİ׺ףڷ֡
ŮϵķҲĳһɫֽɡ
ע⵽ǵ⣬ļת޳ôһЩĶ
Ļע⵽˶ɡ
СŮǳְҪʲôҺ죬Ǹ߰ɡܴǺú
û˵ЦǴȥ׼档
СŮʧʲôġȥ괺ɣ˶˵ܸ裬һȥưɡ


54 
괺ʲôطЩ档
滹ܿ˵ĵط, ʲʲôĵط
СŮߺغ˿գ괺Ϊڸһ˿ɲֻ֪еĲĻ
ѽҲû, һȥ档ֲ, ȥ괺ȥʱǡ
ûϻش忴ǸŮޡ
ŮҲЩ棺괺Ļʲô
ȥ˾֪˰СŮסĸ첲, ǵŽС̣Ҵȥġ
Ҫͷȥ, ܿˡ
˾Ƿ괺ҲмȤǱһȥưɡ
á
˲ͬУСŮͻȻ˴˻ûܡ
ҽа, ǰ׻һ塣˵ţֶ˶䣬ҽʮˡʮڣʱҾͿԻһҵķءԺҵĵѽǳԺóԵġ
ֲôɰԭ̡
Ц塣λҺѣ
ͷ, ѧģ, ߵŮޣҵС࣬С̡
忴Ů, СŮ˵, Ҳ˿Ķŭ
Ůע⵽Ĵؿ˹, ͵ž͡
죺Ƿ˽ģ
Щ⣬һֹۣƽ
˴ͷСͬͣ˽ϡû֮ˡֻһЩߣЩͬʿһϽ硣Ǵ˷ɡ
Ļˡ
޽磬ȻҲ˲Ͼ˶ֻûһ
ֻҪԼŬѧἸڷȻȻܹ绽ɡ
ⲻ֪ЩҲͨ׷ҲǷ
֪֮ϻûиߵ׷
͵͵۲쾲ͣ˾ûб濴ô򵥡
֪޽ˣȻѾΪԪӤڡ
͵סߴߴ˵ͣİҲͣؿ塣
ͣ£
һʵ޽ˣ˽˺εΪܹ޽磿
ɱƽûйĻ䣬ֻǳĬһ£ڵ㲻ǵһҵģ벻ţҶֻһ𰸡Ҳǵ޽磬ֻ֪˽ڵĹڹ֮սڹҷٻ֮ͼ꣬ûɣ޽硣
Ӧһٶˡ
ͽ꣬СŮͻȻըëˣС㻹ƭҽн㣬ɶʥŮ˵ûȻǽƻˡ
СŮҲûκֻͻȻͣ˵괺ˡ
һڣСŮĺ֡
ÿ죬ȥø죬ɿ͵ĸ첲ס壬ߣҴȥġ
һקˡ
£Լߡͷ˿
˷괺һģʵӭ
һ״ʣַЦŸǽܷ괺Ŀ
ˡСŮóһʯݸ
ʮöƷʯȥǱЦ⿪ʵӣЦøˡ
λˣ
·߹ȥ괺ﵫǻᴭģģǺÿġ
ӰǴ¥ż䣬ֽһԺ󻨿㿪ʼˡ
ܿһ˽ʮöӽܵǽϲȫϢԼǹһҹĵ׼ۡ
򱻴򿪣ʮģھԷ糾ζŮˡ
СŮʲôһҹ
࣬еĿ
Щ죬ʵϲģ
ΪСǶϲ߸һɵɷˡ
СŮĵͷеģһͺܷĶݲģӦ׹ͷɡ
忴Ϊ̰ʳ¶ĻǿϻȻǰֻ̡
ܹȡص̣ҲĻ׹ݣմ״ʵĹϵ
ڽеһԣСŮĻɵô˸
ϽԸȥŪԵĹްԵĹͼݺõ衣
Ǽ蹩ʿЯİ޵ɡ
λãȸˡκҪ֪ǵĻơ
Ժ˱һֹŹֵļžΧС
һжСŮûκӰģץϵĹɣ˿ûʲôȤĶһ̣ȻһǰԵɣ
忴ԵýζЩĶҲһ顣
Ժһɺ΢ƺԻǵЩô
ó𣿡
ͷ
иóԵ⣬Ժ棬Ҵȥԣʵ⡣һҧȥѪ磬һһѪóֺ档һ԰඼ԣóԣӪոڳģͨͨһҧȥﹾ˹˵Ķɺˡ
ллһȥ
ⱲǱҪ̤벽
ԼԵǸȡһ飬Ȼݸƣ
˵ûȤͱһ鵽
첻ѣЦһɡζĺܲ
֪ӣǰ氮ֵģԼɡ
һ飬ոճȥоϵƣοˡ
⡭ֳһ飬ԴȷȷʵĲл״̬һЩ΢á
̬ȣⶫã֪ĶûЧ
ôó𣿡߿һڽһڵĳ޵ɣֳһ飬ͨ
һԿڣ޾ݴϹ޵ĺȻѪϡвĹЧǳԵĲĿڸУĹЧ
ӻͷ鷳
Ȼˣ壬еʣ޿𣿡
ԡ΢΢Щӻ
͵Ļһӽʵ˽⣬Ƿ֪һЩİ취
С֡Ҫ˵ʱ򣬰߰Ҳȥ
ΣĿߵצӣȻȥ忴
Щ
ڵϵͳͻȻ˷
£ǹ£кǿĹ¡
ϵͳĻЩؿžͣΪ£
ûҵļУڷ˽ͱˡûȥǵҵļǲȱģΪĻҲǲȱġһֵѾʧתҲܡ
лҲת
ԡóɵΪҲǲȱġ
忴ͻȻŰƻ᲻Ҳвתˣ
ǿ͸룬˵Ĳ²ⲻ޿ܡлмѣʱղࡣҵʧȥĻǣٸһ׷¾ۻꡣʱԻ޵״̬УҲδزɡ
ôãûȥԼʧĻ𣿡
ҡͷһȻ֪㶪ʧʲôǣҶʧһꡣûҲͲȥҪһزлꡣкԵġڣʧ
ڶʧʲôҲûʣΪĺҲûС
ͻȻյǰʶűۿ죬ԭǲл갡˵лԺʱ޿̶ʹжȹ۲۰
ߵĻȻ
ȴر
ơ߲ţڻ


55 
嶢Щ, ЩۣѾˡ
岻̫ţȴر֤ҳȷʵ, һʼҲ㡣ûа׹˵ô¡һоûС
忴ߺ;, ϣλܸһ𰸡
ͻڣȷʵпܡλܹĻֻһƣôʹҲ, ֮ʹǿ
ץס͵֣ǲȱ꣬ǲȱһְ
ͳĬ
Ӧ˴𰸣ֻСϻ֪飬ץͣ
ͣǡһ֡
ģ̫Сϻֺ, ۾Ҳʪˣ˶ë׵Ķ䣬ȥɡ
һۣڱ˴￴ǳǳЦ⡣
СϻǺúƭ
Сϻһ, ڽĿûʼ֮ǰҡͷԵشյм䣬Ҳǲл𣿡
ŷӦѯˡ
ǡ
ҪȥԼ𣿡
ոնһֵͷȷҵԺ
֮ǰͻɹ, ΪΪԼһȫµ, ͹ȥΪ
ҵ˲ȱԺǲǾҪǸеޱİҶˣ
ҲصĴ𰸡
ʲô, ֵ֧, ˽ҪȥҿҶСĻǣܾۺϸ, ǲܣҲ뿴ҶСǷתˡ
ߴߴţҪҪһȥҿǣҺСŰ塣һȥң
˵ͷһ۾ͣò
㲻ˣͷ
ҡͷҿԳһȥһǡ
ΣҲҪ㣬ɡҪˣΣա
ңôΣգ
͵ĻûȰ˰ߣһһ§壬Ҹߡǻᱣҡ

壺
㡣ν˵š
ֺۣʿ
ͱ㲻
ԾûȤ˸м£Ȼ˵벻һԼĻǰ
ʵĬĬע£Ҳûôһء
һ˶һأοһûˡ
ƲƲ죬㲻ǡһԼѵ𣿡
ִ˴ĬĬ壬˵أ
ңһȥѰңһԼƴճԼĹȥԼȱļ䡣˵ͷеĹڵңҲϲȷʵκһ֡
֮ǰʧǰļ䣬Ҳǵǰʦǰֶȴ
Լһˣӵǲּ䣬ӵ˸Ļ䣬ж˲䣬ҲĿ֡
Ǽȱʧ״̬Ϊǰʮ䶼ûˡ
ֻкƽ͵Ҷҵļ䡣
ϣгһܰЩȱļ
˵ԺȻֻµһ裬ûнӻͼ
֪˼
һعȥ
ڰ߿ΪʲôһԼʱűá
ʲôš
ĻЦ˵ǰáʱˣϰ֪ͨλԿʼۿˡ
ðɡ߰ѷƳƽһǵķ俿һǽͻȻ˹Ļ󼸸Ӱʯڹͬһʵʱֱֳͷγˡ
ǿۿҲ뿪ż䣬ȥ濴
֣ܳǮȨûȥ
ڷﰲ壬Ӱʯܹȫλ¼ֳ
һ£΢ϳĻһд
ЩҪʵˮ߷ǳ󷽵ĴʮöƷʯ
ЦӶˣԵȣϸѶ
ȻԺ󣬰߰ݵǰ˵һʮˣڵʮһǻҪȺþء
û뵽Ҳѹطʽ
Ͱ߽һѹģʽ⣬ˣԭǹˣҰ
ˣ㣬ֻܰѸĿһһЩĿ˲ΪͿĿȫòʧȥȤӶڽĿйһʱõıǲǻ
°ͣ˼˵ûôͲҪɵˡǸɴȵʱɡȥĵطˣһˣ
ͿЩΣʲôע⣿
ȥпѽ˵ˣǼ𣿡ǡ
˽ҡͷ
Ϸеİɣвشôˣҡ˵Ҳôأ
Ҳܺ棬˺һһôǻƷһأ
Цˣôһûм氡ħƷ׵ʿʿΪҲ壬ǿΪޡȻҲ͵͵ȥϷץһЩ˵ԶԶвˡ
˲𣿡ʡ
߲֪ôͣ˸ȷ߶ˣһʱɱңߴ峤ұֻһֻǿĵطкܶڱҡ
ͷ֪ϵͳԺԶעΧֵ֪мڵĴһֱǡ
Ϊûж⣬װʲô֪
ߣǣСʿ߶һ޵ĴŴһں𣿲ᡣÿ춼Ե޹ʧööˡ鶼鲻Ըȥ顣
ˣץҲһЩͨˣ
ûǺץģûʲôʵǳַǳÿ޺ϲ˽
ߵĻ˵һ룬ͱס졣
̲ɰЩԻߡ͸в
˰δ˵Ĵʲô˼ɵŭ޾Ȼһ£ȻǶͬද֣˷ûκ
ߴӾֵѳ˵Ͳ˵֣޹߰ϲ£ñ˵ˡһԵúܣһֱЫЦˡ
ҲϲҲԣܻ䡣ֻǡ㻹СҪעһЩͺĽ͡
߳ͷתͷȥ˵ҪҪȥһûˣȥ˵һֻ档ҪϲҲһ͸㰡
ҪܾԱȥɡ
߼ͬԼֵððʱҲҲһֻ֪˺òóԣĸóأ
ڰߵļȡ£˱ӲקĴˡ
УϽİöƷʯ
ɹõĿƣֱ˸߲ż䣬еȫΪ˲⸬
ͻȻ齱õʮʯ㲻ʲôˣȲС㻨Ǯ
ǽȥԺûоʽʼˡ
һƷ׵ʦڡ
ʲôף
һ׷ǲǸˣ
ģףҲֱ̫ˣļ۶Ҫ˰ɣ
ʦ˵Ƭһ飡
ֵģƬ񣿡
Ӱ׼һΪܿ׷ءǸƬ
忴̨ϵƬٰԼ֮ǰϵͳ͵ĴеĶԱȡ
8
ɿԼİ˿Ƭƴֻһ飬һպ̨ϡ
ļһǧöƷʯÿνм۲ܵʮƷʯ
һƬûҪ
ãһүӵһһǧʮ
Ťͷ˹ȥǱصһޣ˵оһ׵ڡ
Ҳû
ֱһ
һǧһ١
Щţ֪û˺ĵĺܶ࣬һڣǸүӶֱӷˡ
ʦû˾ƵģȻƬ̺׷Ƿǳֵоղصġ
Ӧſһ
һǧһƷʯɽܿƬ͵ڵİ
͹ԺشϽ֪岻Ժ뿴ʲôڡ
˰û˹ȥôһǧһƷʯˮƯҲƬ氡
߲ڼʱĸ˵ܼңĸγµġ


56 
˿ǿƬԺ, һµӣƬ뵽ԼĴС
¥µڼ
ôҵעϣһ̬, еƬŵϵͳĴ
ܿϵͳҳϱʾɺϳ, Ƿϳɡ
ԥϳɡ
ϳС
κϳҪ72Сʱĵȴ
ֻҪӵһ׷, ֪ľ;ʲô
ѹԼ˷ܣ
ʦֻ˸ˡ
ɼѾ볡ˡ
εʦһòׯϵүӣͯĸϡ
һ֣ס, һƬȻ
ġǾԨĸȻԳμǰѾչؿ˰ɣ
˭˵ԨҪûˣƣүӳˡ
˲ˡ˵λүӳԻҰǿʵ۵׵ܵ, Ϊ츳;˺ǹĹʦ
һһ
ڰҲߣ֪λү𣿡
һݵദ˶԰Ҳ˽⣬λ˵ǰͨҲΪ
ҡͷԵЦ˵˵, ǿʶˡԨ͹һֵġһֵûʲô, ǸóƻģټһȺ￪һңĹܴܵϻ۰, ϱڵԪ, ˡܵȻ;߲Զ, ϴԵ٣ټϸΪ˱ܵܣ㾡ȥ
ԵܵӦǻڡ
ʲô
ͺ˵ˣЦȻǻڣҲǧˡǾǧ꣬˭Ҳ֪ڲЩͻƻԪҲҪˡ
ǵ˵һ棬ǲҵġ
оھԨ£ǲԼӵΪģԼҿڱ
ˣΪĿ룬ӣǽţġ
ߵȻﳩԡ
ߣǵָϼһıҲ޷
˭Ǹմ״ˣ
Ȼ͵͵ܳģɲĻһε
԰һǶûС
˿Żﵥӣڻʣһûб
үЦǺǵ˰ץ˴
ж˸еˣ˿̶ȫע
ֳоܲʣȻҲ壬ģˣҲԼ˼룬һ
˴֮ͥ˷к
ֻĵ׶µûţûжκ˵
뷨ʱ룬֪ö˭˵ֻĮؿһС
һһһŮҲͬڴϵˡ
һˣˮβڰϱǳױó֫
˺˻кܴģ˵ƬͷҲĴڡ
˳ȷʵǳÿһ۴ĪӣΪƷǵ飬˭˶̲ס֮ġ
ڵһһŮħһ
ħڣȴֲòŬѹƵĹǳãڣϵЦݾûȥ
ǵ졣ħҪҲݸĴڣȻΪ裬ǰ֤ݡ㵽ʲôӸģ
Ļֱӷ֣״
Ļһ˲顣
Ҫݸʶ˹ļƻݸȫǱǣűߣܲЩ˵ıƳɹˡ
ǲǶҪƽȥҲͰˡȻһӵĴ£һǧһζΪ
죡޲ֱӺһܡ
Ҳ뷨˶ѹԼ
Ϊħһ˽´򶷣Ͷˡ
ʲôѾͲסԼƢˣǲҪУ
ϵħȽҲ΢סԼƢûйôͷԡ
ڹĵȴУħԸ¸
Ҫڲ˺Ǹ˵£ȥѪˣԻħΪЧ
ۣ´Ǹˣ˺£ȥѪ
ûˣáҪ֤ҲΪʲô˺ˣϾֱɱ˶ȥѪ׵ġ
ô鷳һҪɣǷǳ˵ġ
һֲ˵˳һοһͼӴ׵ˮֶûС
áһջħΪЧ
Ц㲻ʧ˻Σ
ۿЦҲʧܡ
Сʧܵû𣿡ͬм
֮ǰȾԸ£Ǹǿһ֣ĪҲͬ档
ġҿɲĳЩûӵĴֻ֪ǰԼȫȻħҵڱЩϲ̨ıƺΪ
ˡ˻ȥ
ҲͿߵ˾Ц׼뿪֮ǰƴ̼һ¹
λĴ£ȥ󻤷һְɲһħⶼҪƹܴСˣæءͲܷˡ
ˣ
˭ˣν
ҿѾʼħɾҪƲסԼˡ
ҳһǧ
ҳ򣡡
ҳ򣡡
߿壬˷ӣ͵͵˴ĸ첲Сʵôˣ
㲻𣿡ߺ棬Դ˸СƬԺʲôûˡ
ովͻһۣҲ
Ψ忴Ǹԩͷһζ֡
߻Ϊǵˣ廹ж
ҡͷûȤ
һɡ°֪ͣ˺òó԰

̰Ӷʳ
߾ƣҳʮ򣡡
ۡںȲ屻ŵˣüһ̣һ־ȫҵ
Ͻ帧ĺ󱳣ĿԺһЩ
߲ؿҲ̫˰ɣˮܳ£
϶ˣ֪ǿȵĻΪߵĻеߵģ֮ɫͨ죬ŰεҡҡͷЩԾˡ
Ծʲôһýõļƣļ򣬡ˣͷԣ˵ͷԡ
߾λĶãǿЩأ²Ǹɵİɡ
岻֪ĻΪеĶʳִ
Ͻ־ܾáҲ㡣
ˣ㣡߲㲻볢㻹ûԹ˰ɣ
ͷûԹҲ˵ʳ
ǺÿϧŶ߾õʱֻԼˣΪԱߵľҲԻȡ
ʧʱ򣬿һȤԲԣǿգˮҲ
Բһ£³ˣϽֹţ˲ˡҲԲ˵ʳ
и˲ι岻ͦ𣿻͵͵ȥ͵ӣүүͽͽﶼˡ
߻Ǻܲ⣬˲ι˲Ǵô˲ιԳ˾Ͳˣ
룬Ǿүүͽͽﱻˣǲǻѹ
ÿ궼кöͽͽԲꡣ
忴˾Ͷߣôһ˲䣬ľ͵͵ķЦ


57 
ˮĻʾĽм, һżʮ
׼ߣˮĻϵļ۸, ҲЩСС𾪡
ʮ򣿾Ϊˣ⡣
Ϊħϱ, Һϱߵ޽磬պøϺ
˵, ħ˵ľ룬޽˵ľ뻹ҪһЩ
ħ徭ϺˣǼ˵壬ʲô, 벻˸߼ۡ
Ťͷҵʯ
ǰɣʮʯûУѡšдϡ
ǰȻУⲻݸĻȥ٣ټϷԺħˡ
Ƿ, ȫҸͿˡ
˵ħеħħģħʲҲħģǳ⣬ûʯҲ߲㡣
˿̣Ϊʲôܷˡ
ûʯħҲж
ħʯ㻻ҧг, ֹ˻, Ҳױħݸҡ
ǡæģܺݺ׶һʵĻᣬɲÿζеġ
, һ鼫Ʒħʯ, һöƷʯ
ʯҲмƷһöƷʯԻһöƷʯ
ħʯʯ̺ǲ, Ҳ˵һöƷħʯǿԻһöƷʯ
̫ˣҧˡ
ߣҾ˹֡㻻ɣ
Ҳû취ħħʯɽ¼Ҫʯ󲻵á
ֱܲħʯ޽ɣ
ƷħʯƷʯù³һħѪ
ܻŶ⸱Ǳӣͱ÷ǳǳá
ڼ
˿ˮĻϵĳۡ
ֶżۣʮһǧƷʯ
Ťͷʰߣˣ
˭ַôôִֿ֣ŵġһҲذ
Ҳлʲôأ°Ҳûֱʳɻ
رĳۣҳʮ򡣡
֪滹Ȼǹڵּ䣬Ӧû
Ȼֱӽмһ
嵹һϵͳЦҲʲôˡڹˡ
Ǯ·ǮǴĶͷܱˡ
֮ǰΪԼʮƷʯմմϲڿڸ¸㻨ǮƵġ
򣡡Щ⣬Һڱ߿ôߵĳۣ򵥰
вشϱռһЩԿ˵ϱҲ˵Ǳߡ
Ϊʵǵصصıߣ徭ʵǵصصϱߡ
ڰ˵㲻ʲôԣֻǱȱЩǸҪһЩ
ϵħƲסˣһż䣬޲ֱӳȥ˶ɱˡ
ô
һ԰Լʯ˳ȥ
򣡡
һż䣬ڿ߻˸飬ǰǹҼҵģûˣȡ֮档
ôˣ𣿡
;Ҳ
ߣֵֵüѾһµĻʳˡ˿ҳ찡ֻ볢ʣɲӡ
嶼˵ˣСûˣһϰˡ
˼ҵĺӣԭһʮʳ
߼˲˵ΪԼСˡ
ǽţΪڻ̣ҵĻʳѲź١ҳˣҰĸҼӻʳѵġ
㻹٣ٵҲŵˣʲôͥô̰
Ǳ𾪵ˣǱҲ⡣
浽ʲôˣ˼Ȥ
ΪħһòħʯĻһѹȥˣΪħ壬ħıƢħ԰ôܵļӼۣ
ǹطôܳһµˣ
ӹˣֱԭһħʯ
ϾΪħ£ɲǹǵȴΪԼ˽ĶħĴ¡
ǧ򡣡
ܹԭۻħʯҲˣֱӻǧ
ˣϢ֪ͨԼȥһһż˵˭
֮ܳߣ϶ͨˣ޵ĵ̣ҪСһЩǡ
Ҳ֪·ͬСɣϽ뿪Уֱȥ˺ħԼûĵط
ˡ
ǧϵŮˣŷڶţľƺѾա
ˣЦʣ°סˣ
ѽ˵˳ԭ֪ͨȥǸˣ֮ҩħ
ԭƻ͸ˡ
˵öˡһֻ˺һͷ׻ıƿǡҶѰЦ˵绹֪öǸʲôһöֻǵãС̾ˡˡ
ĵʵĽĥһ£ֲó˴󷽡
˵ֿʼ֪Ǹܲǧ¡
еĻʧܰ
ҶѰ꼿Ǹڤ˼ǵӣʲô
֪ʯò˿ô죿
ҶѰЦЦû˵ʲô˵Ǽһţһʼ˸
û˵֣һʼֻ˸õƬ˵׷ƬֻһƬʲôأ⡣
ҶѰȴˣЩ˵ˣﶼһͭٳ䲻һôĲȱ֮©Ժһֱǲ
ղҵ
ҶѰ꼵ĻԽ仰ʲô˼
ҶѰҲûΪֻ˸һħɼħȥһŵǼˡ
ΪҪǸϼһȥȥ죡
ҶѰ꼺Цȥ巣Ǽ˶ôػס
뵽ʵĽһż䣬ʱħ⡣
ͼı״½ħȻҲԣǱϾħ̫٣ҪѣͲһ˰
뵽ˣħΪʲôҪùǸˡ
Ϊϱߺ˽ħޣСǰ˵ħĻƻħĺ
ħνıǧ
֮
ҶѰһ;ЩͷۣĻѾͷԲһЩ߰˰˵Ķ
ħЩħ˵ͷԼ򵥣ҲȻʵС˼
ǰֻСħΪһУʵȫԼԲӵġ
ӱ׳嶯ױΪĵ
˼̫ˣ붫ȴûʲôꡣ
ϴݸһ¶弸ˣӦúúõأһתæȥˣù˿ӡ
Ҳ֪ЩһˣǱ˼Ҫæְ
ȥ巣С޶סҲȥˡ
Ĺһ⻰ˡ
̫شģ㲻Ҫְģһûء
ȥ֪ͨ
šҶѰ꼽ס
ûü˿ֹȴԸ
ҶѰЦݸǼˣ⡣°ôˣ
Ѿȥɱ֣Ǽ˵ı֮±ȥȡ
˵дʡ
ҶѰ꼱ְ֪¸ˡ
ǡ¾죬ҹǼ಻ܾɱ֮Ϊá
ǣֵߵߵˡ
Ǽ󹦰
ɱ˶ѣħ˵׾٣ʲôȥһ˾С
ҲǼСޡ
ҶѰ꼼ˣָֻǰǸеģ
ħ򣬶ΨǴӵı巡
һħ֮ӣ޽ܾ裬ħԺħϢֱ˴ħ֡
˺ħˣЩħһֱͳһħ
ħϵǹɣħħٹԵħҲԼС˼
Ҳһ


58 
ɹˡ
Ϊߵʯ, Ϊ괺ĻѾӽβˡ
˳ʣ߸ȥдˡ
߿ߡٲ߾ûÿˡߴߴż˿Щ뿪
ǽһ˳Ѿˣ֮ǰ߻ѺóԵļҲˡ
ڵŶм, һȻֱˡ
ڵļ۸ɽˡ
ħɷĩˡ
ڰѶ, һȦףһֻ, ôᱻĳôߵļ۸
뿪Уû뿪ǽ¡
ֱȥ顣
һǸʲôʲô񡣡
ħ, ӵĻԺʶۣ̲סʹ, ᲻ᡭ
û˵ͱס˲ӡ
˵˶ٴΣħֻһӣ󻤷
ǣ
ħ޺ܺڳΪħ֪ﹶܺùźЩϲŭ޳ļһ
󻤷ħѾڲ֣»ħĲϲ
ǡӴûϲҡ˵÷ǳ̹Ǹħ޶޻˵ˡ
Ϊ, ұҪŬԼ, ӿҵ
ħ޲ֻܹԹ԰¡
Ժ󣬹ԼĸȥһżϢ
ҵǼ, ûйϵ, ûСԺֱɱˡ
´Ժ󣬻ͷű, ˺¶ȥѪ
ֿʼͷεôôꣿ
ѾˣѣҲʱо
𼱻Ǹϵ괺ļˣ׼صǵİ䣬֪ͨѾˡ
߲ˣ½з괺ĸ
ҽʯģҲһϣôڷûˣһ˵ҪǺÿ
ҲΪѰ
һ֪ǰλ岻ǣǰλǰ
û˵ˣʾλݲ򵥡
ֱЦʲôҸұݣ
Żʶĵط˹֣ǿǹӵܣǲð
忴ˣվЦʵɲ˼䣬֮ƽȡӵʲôˣ
ǣҪǲǣȰЦֵʵǣλǹĶӡڹЩĪҪ˲õˡǻ
˷Ϊ˽ȥϱҩȣȷʵõĻҡ
ѵŶԷȨˣΪ
ò⣬ͷ
ڿͷԺӲͦˣǲǻңܹҪġǰż䣬͸ǽȥǿҪҲԣ֮ǰ֧ʯ
Ǹ̰Ƶģ᲻ðߵʯֲҵӣѹˡ
괺͸žһ۴壬ģڣһۿűǲҲǸɫ
⣬Դ˵ȻЦ
ʵʵʯȴҲ᲻ãѵľ˻ȥ
һǿаռż䣬ҪóԺúȵдţҪȥź
һϵ뱾˴룬ϾüҡǮ͵˶Ǳߡ
ٰżʯˣǿʮƷʯֵƽʱ׬ˡ
ôأ
ǰȥλ輧ˣòװָŽϴ׬һʣ·Ϊ˱λ輧ȥʯǲ١
ԭˣǷǳӭģóԺúȵдţƫƫ;뿪ˡ
뿪ҲˣҲ֪Լ˷ŵЩֵ߰˿϶ͲסҪȡַӡ
żҲΪš
ƫƫĶˡ
˭֪Ǹһëεָʯǲܵġ
ı꣬ȫˮƯǿɲС
ҲֻܺƤѹżǮ˵ʲôˡ
ڶǱߣ⼸ûͰѶӸϳȥ
ˣҲỤϾ˻ӣռĺôͲܲ
̬ȣ׼ŭ˰ߡ
ûбŵˡ
ǾڰҪµʱԱߵľס
Į·е¶ܱƵġ
侲һڣü˵ע˹Ǹװ޿ĸ
͵Ȼ㲻ʯֲҵӡǷܰһ̸
ȻȻЦ۾ˣȵò仰
зСͲмˣ˫нȽϺá
ȥ㱨һ¡
Ӿǰͼɱ˴Ǹˡ
Ⱥ໤ƴ˳ԭ׼͵͵ҩҲʧˣ˴롣
ò׻ˣҲŻضˣСطһ˵
ӵǲȻѵһˡ費Ҳڼ˻ЦӯӯƷųϵĸ裬źȾơ
۶Ѿ뿪ˣţεεڻڡ
ͻȻӲͷʲô£
£Ҫ
ʲôˣ
¡ǼˣҪҪż䡣
ˣҪż䣿˼˽
££ѣߵݺݺ࣬Сطɽˮ˰һ˶һѣӡԺŷЦ
ҵҪ⼸Ϊ˶ǱΣ̨ϵĺΡ
˶ţЦŴյߣǽü괺ҲһūҲ뿴ʲôˣܵǰ¿ҪǼۡ
˵˵˽
һˡ
һ۱ע⵽Ϊ֮òΪڣűë׶İߡ
һˣ۾ֱˣЦ֣ãȻˡ
λˣұк°ûҪż£Ͼڹ֪ݵˣûмеӸҸ˵ֻ
£ҲǼŮעֶΰˡ
ܺã⼸ŮȴòƷˣȷʵע⡣
ֻˣôŻЩ죿
֮ǰ糾͵ûбϳȴϳ˶ӡ
忴ζɵðţʱڵȴǲö·֮Ļ̡
֪һ˵Ļңʱûˣֱ侮ʯŪ
Լһĺˣ˾ˣͬ𣬲һʮСۡ
ߣǼʱʱĦһ飬ᵽķī㡣
˽ľ룬ȻҲĲĵ׵뷨ΪԼĺģеŻ˰ɡ
Ĺ˹ָ⣬
߰ѾˣֱɻƣĻצҲ¶˳һǺͶ֮ӡ

ͻȻˣΧڶߵ˾ţܿ챧ͷӳȥ
ŵһ£Ͻ˽
˭û뵽һԲϾͿ
忴ŰߣĻ
ҲʱԵɾͶ֡
ԼʵҲĥĥƤ⣬ǿΪ磬һ򵥵ġ
ǴһܶԷֱɱʡµġ
뵽оԼڵѪҺǿ
Ρܵǿҿһڻٸˡɣ5000شһݡ齱һ
˴ж⽱ӳɣٻԺÿһˣһ֡ջᣬͶã
ϵͳԺˡ
ôϲϲ֪㵣Ļֲͷ񡣡
㱻ϵͳĻٸˣͶãɴֱŪˡ


59 
ɵ˵Ķ, ֱӸž
ܿеˡ
ȥ߸ʲô壬ˬ˾ֱӴ
Ȼ³ç, ڴϾʹġ
ˡ4/500
ҲƲס, رֵĳǰ档
λһа˸֣Ȼÿһ˶, Ҳֻĸֻĸ
ԭҪ˲
һˣɾͰѶӵ˶ˣǶҲñ׵ġ
ڰҪһӵζʱ, 
ɱ¾
忴ŵŰ˸ûϢˣ͵ĻҲȤ
ŵɪɪٰߵצӵ, һСƵġ
ɱұɱңǹĶӣǱɱңҪʲôҶӦǡ
壺˵ü򵥣Ƿ㣬ĺеǡֱɱ£Ҳû֪ġ
ɱ, ɱҡҲᱨǵ, ġ
֪ĵôģǿ⸱˰ӣĲұ
߰, ˵Ϊʲôҵż䣡
ż䣿ʲôż䣿ûӦ
ɱô, ҲͬЩֵܽ, ɱԭ޷Ϊ˻λ
һЩµޣ硣
Ϊһż䱻˰ĻǵһΡ
װ⣡ְץƢãƽϡҿɲһǼңҾͰˡԽ˭Ҳ֪ȥ
𣡱֪ˡҲǹģ治ǹġǷ괺ĸġ˵ǲٻˣǻҲû¡ڹҲûбҸˣǻҲ£Ѳǻɣ
ŶǸ˵ģ
㶼ҴˣҵӣҲ˵Ѱ
߰Ӵ϶ȥ
輧һˣҪ˵ʱ򣬴һˣŵ
±һƬȻ
ȻϳǸĶӣҲ˵ĵ𾪣ֻ׷µˣ˶ˡ
벻Щĸ°˿
żĶӣǸбŮһŸ˵ϡ
ӣ⼸Ӷ£һСƨ
㣡ָȥ
¿š
屻⸱ģЦˣˣ˵ľ㡣
ܴĹˣ˰ǰϥһֱӹˡ
Ĳҵ°
ġ
輧͵͵³кԼԺֻ޾ˡ
ǹ׬ǮģɲǹģЩΪá
輧ˣ±Ϳֵ¿֣СµҲڵһʱ˳ȥ
˵żóȥģ㻹ҲϣöӺ͸һʡ
ڰ֡
Ȼ³ç࣬ǲò˵ǽֱӵİ취ʵ㹻ǿҪһڣȲڣֻҪֱɱˣ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
еĽ̾˿ҲĽ
Ȼͬɱ޹ֱӶֵĸоĺˬ
ڰҪɱ˵ʱ򣬾һֹ
ĻҷýɻС㲻ɱ˵оݡ
⻰žʥּһͣĿͷ
߿žֻͣΪµ˶ѡ
ΪµˣҲˡңû˺ǡ˸Ѿˡ˷Źɡ
ߵ۾ֻСϻ͸ˡ
һҪǣ
ҪȣǱ
仰״̼˰ߣֱ־Ҫȥɱ˶ӡ
ȻͿһ÷߸
ҲôͻȻҲ
ھ͵ϣζشž͡
;ûֳô򵥣ȫһʼֹ£ûУǵȵǰ˸Ժų֡
ѲǻֵǮֵȥȣ
ʲôСʲôԾ𣿡
Ծ
뿪ڣһŤͷʾСʱ˵
ſңͣͣ˵ͣſſҪɱ㣡
֣Ҳ͸ˡ
ѽѽ޷İߣһͬͬĿ⡣
Ӻ͸ͷ͵͵̽ͷžͺͰߣӸоΣսˣ׳ŵվ
Ǹ˴ȷʵᡣ¿⳥ǣҪʲô⳥ԡʵˣǰ˸ʬ廹¥ء
ͣҪȥǣͬС
ʲôסܿ¶һΪѵӣȥʲô
˵֧֧ģһǱʲôӡ
ȴںЩȥȻ£ʲô£Ȩʡ
ھǹ¼ҹһôȥ
С
û˵ǡΪ֪ȥȥҲ֪С᲻Լ
ǲ۱ȥδǲԼҪߵ·
һˣĻʱϲ
ֻһ˵Ļİȫб֤ˣ
ÿͦƵģһߣȲΣգ·ɫһٺüõ°
ˡ졣
ǰ߱QŲ̨̤
עİߣŤŤ壬ʾ⾲ͷ
˲ʱ⿪
߷ǳҲҪȥǣҪһ𣡡
û˵
ʱ壬˳ƿڣ͵ҲͬУ֪ͷ񷽱㣿
·κ˶ߡҵ
ǲͬҲˡ
ۿҲûʲôˣ׼֮ǰȥˡ
˵һˣʦϢصջֲ֪ˣ֪ʦֻ᲻Թ
뵽Щ̲סЦ
ÿһζʦָƵġ
͵ҺͰȻؿջˡߴԺҵϢ
ͷ
߷޷޲ƽͣҲˡ
ܵԱߣһ§ĸ첲һ§ĸ첲
ߣ߹ͷһ۾ͣƢĺӡ
ȥ·ϣһֱͣÿһ仰ģö䶼ˡ
ȻΪҪһ𣿡
ΪԸⰡһֱץңߡһȨûУ
̿Ҳ˰
԰СϻҪʲôȨ˳Ļ˵ȥ
ˣǲôҲѧˡ
ѧˣʶһ죬Ǳ˵˰ͼֻС˽磬ȵһ˽ĵĸӡ
ߺ⣬漴˳Ĭ
廹һ£Ϳֵڳǵķӿ
ڣ߲ơ
һʱ侯ͰڿԴʱҲóӦе̬
һȺ˳֡
߸ոѹһӻûзȥ˵ȴΪ
Ϊ˻Ҳ
һȻ࣬ΪҲôߣڵΪΨ𵤡
𵤶߸סˡ
ΧɱԺ˿ʼŽ𵤶ȥ
Сһ㣬˺ܹŹ֡ѵǡԽԽǿ
ԽսԽǿܵģԽԽǿΪԽߣǾͺܹŹˡ


60 
ļ, ΪΣС
ڷԾʱһʱ俪ʼΧҪԼ򲻹ʱѰҵ·
ڵĺ, ڿҪеʱ, Ϊһڷ
Сģ
ſΣо˳
󳷰벽, оһڳ߾£
СһЩ廰ȥѾһ
һǿԽԽкǲ塭Դ, пȡãûбƵʱߵжǿ
ĺ
ϵͳΣ, 㽫ҵǧȫһΪʹ᲻û֣Ҳٵȥˡ
ǳ˿Ҫˡ
ͬţпټһԼЩʱѧĲںϽȥԽԵв⣬ǵ̫, ͬܲס
Ҳ, ֪͸ðѳҲġ
˼ˡ
忴ǵĶԼǸոյʱǹŹֵ״̬ܾЩ֡
С, ˺һġš
Ҳ۲Щ˵Ĺ֮
ȻһЩ˿
ǰںڿһ˸ʱ, ǾȻΪš
ڵڶЩˣƺûϵѾˡ
, Ϊ΢õһ㴭Ϣʱ䡣
û뵽Ȼһģƺ˴˶ʶ
廳Ǿһֻγʱ򣬱˴˶֪ԷĴڡ
ҶСһ㡣뵽֮ǰڹ⹥ǵǻˣ֪Щûϵ
ڰߣԲϻתţʵʲôˣ֪֪˭
ɱ
߸˵꣬ڶĺ˱Ķˡ
Ȼֵ£ںˣǺһ˴Ժ󣬾Ȼֱˡ
Ӵιȥǽ£ʲôôˣ߼æӦԡ
һֱо裬ڱһֲ
޼֮ͨ
ÿһ֮Ȼ΢Ƕ˵㹻֧һˣֱӽ˹Щ˴һȱڡ
ǿʲôУ߳տĵ𺳡
żһ֣ѾϰΪˣϾλ࣬ϴСֱըĢƣǲŽǿ
Լ̬˺ܴı仯Ȼѧˡ
˶߻ԲͻҪСȴܳӡ
취ȥ顣
ЩˣһŹҪǰЩ˶ɱˡ
壺Ȼ˶࣬ǳ𵤣˲Ϊ塣
ܲЩͷÿһǻ֡
Ļһθе⣬֪岻һ߱ɱˣôֵôö
ϲֱɱЩںӣ߶˶ţ֫˻צɱ
Сϻս̫ߣͷһ跨־ٿɱ˳ȥ
ԭأʮŷתֳһţⲨɱ⳯˷ȥ
ţðѷ·һţѧһѧ
ѶʼⲫʱԶ̷սеˡ
ڶ˺ܿͱˣոͷɱ޻Ҫ򵥡
ɾ̫ˣͷоܲ
̫Źˡ尴סԼλãﻹһ㰲ĵĸо
ҲߣЩʬȥ
ûκ֪ǵʲôˡЩʧ
ȴǳˣ֪Ͳ֪Сһɱһ¡
䣬һֳֳͳһ۵˵ִˡ
һ۰ߡ
ٴըëʲôӣôˣ
忴ϵͳṩѯ֣Ⱥ˺񡭡
ȷʵͣ·͸ո˶һһġ
ߣء˾ɱ
Ҳὣȥ
ĵˣԺ󿴵ʬʱסûеǰӵķԸ̽һ⼸˵ǳǱѾ
һͳͳˡ
˵ֶһʬ壬
²˰ɣЩʬϿ˿һʵ΢һ㣬Ͼ򡣵ڶȽ϶ࡣǻʶġŵˡҿˡ
Ҳȥ鿴һҲÿ˺ɱǵġ
ͷѾɱˣ⡭
㲻ɱǵģҲ߲ơҿǶľ֪ˡֻҪ̽һǣ̽ĿǷĻ֮˽һ𡣡
ĽͣǸոǸθжʱûˡ
˵ûȥϸʰһЩ˵ʬ壬һյһöơ
óԺݸʶȽ϶İߡ
߿ˣ⣺ǡӰ֯ơ
ңૡ
ʱˣλӻûİ
߱ףȻҸģһҪɱͣҲĲ
尲𼤶ˡ
һȷʵǹ̽ģȻôǱǲʲôСˡ
֮ǰֻǲģֱһҡ
УҲˣǲģҲðһˡ
Ǿʱƹ߻ǺܲˬջԼצӣֻ¶仹Դϡ
űصʬ壬ϸԼϵķķѾˡ
ǻ߰ɡٴȥֻ¡
ͷû߰ɡ
뿪صջȥˡ
·ϣϵͳ֡
ֻɱ102ˡ102/500
Ŭ
ɱõԽ࣬˵ΣԽ࣬аǿҵĴڣͰƺôɵĳ
Ҳг˼֣ϣ񣬶һЩ֡
ԺΣյʱ򣬾Ͳˡ
˵˿ջ
ȻջںЩ̫Ծ
̤֮ͻȻ뵽֮ǰݸԺĻ
סͰߣԣСһ㡣
ȻҲо⣬ھͬʱƳ˰ߵɫֻһ۾⡣
ߺɫܲѵйأ
׹ôˣ
üͷ壬¿ţҲ֪ĵײʲôҪʲôˡ̫á
ȷʵ̫ã״ˡ
壺˳ȥȥ¥ʦڲڡ
ҪסһðգȻĶʵ̫ˡ
ȥ˾ֱӷ¥ˡ
ߺקֱ۰˳ȥǻǳȥŰɡ
ϻҲ첻µز£ջǹŹֵķΧͺܺ¡
Ͱ˳ջ󣬼ͬһʱ䣬ջĴͻȻˡ
еĳ֣ϾȻһˡ
žǳǰĿջһֻޣǵͬˣڻĿǡ
ŵֱըë
ҲóϽʣµʮŷӦԡ
ˣ߶˶䣬ϤĽŲ̤նˡ
ҲоˣûаΪ౾ܵĸоô
ֻһֻһߣü۵ġ
ͻȻ뵽һˣ޸ķҲªΪܵͣûѪΪһЩ£ֻǳɷ֮нݣ˿رΥ͡
Ȼ߾ͲһˣڶѪѬˡ
ֿЦˣС


61 
ߡ
ߵɴ۾, Ϊھ壿
ǡ㲻ó֡߷뷢Ц֮ǰѾ׷ɱ, ֻû뵽ò׽߼İס, ֪ðһʿĺ¡
߻ǷǳǳС̵ʱ򣬾ܹ׷ɱ, һǼ˴ڶǾʹ
֮ǰǼΰɱģ
Цˣ㵹мִϻۡ
ȻȴΪǽ֮ǰֵǼΰɱνͷƱ鲼, Ϊ⼸εİɱͬһ
ֱ߿ڡ
û뵽ˣ㵹ǽҺ簡
Լˡ
һοû˻ˡСӣԹɡ
Ƚ˹ȥ
Ҳں, ΪֵĶ֪ðĲлꡣ
ȻΪСС֣ȴ˺
оƤһ˵ĸоߵͷ˿Լĸ첲
мֱ£ֻǿϧˡЦţһֱɱо, ˡ
߾, ܿ췴Ӧƿֱ嵲˹ȥ
׹ƿ, 㿴ܹ, ˣͿߴߵз˳ȥ
Ȼȴûȥ, ֻˡ
ȿȡߡȥҳ͡˵꣬Ȼһֻ޴İ׻
ݵİ׻ԣȻո˵ѪϻҲ˼ĸо
ȡûκε飬Ҫȥҷ괺Ҿ͡
ֻĵײϵͻڷ괺󣬷ܿˣĲ֪úδȥźá
Ȼû߿ŰվЩţʵѪˣȻͬ졣
ǡ
ѪҺܵõ˵Ѫγ岻ˣ
ԭһֻĳùʰ㡣һХ쳹Ƭؼ䡣
ȻΪŹֵǣһ㶯ûУ˵ĿճƵġ
ڿ׻͸ɻʱЦ÷ǳǵ˶ˡ
д󺧡
һ֣Ҽһ˿߳
ȻЩһģǾòֶ˾ʬƵģªġ
ߴӼзҳм䣬ɵôŭȻ̥
Ļȥȥ˵壬ڳԵ˵Ļǣռһ˰Ŀܡ
Смּʶ
ΪˣȻ֣Ҳ֪ȻЩ಻񣬵ȴ壬ŭͷĳ߹ȥ
ڿջ˻þض󣬻һֻҪָˣѣŵֱ˦֡
֪ΪʲôִĵһӦǸֲ
ԲŻʶĶ
˦վֳܹ
岻֪Ϊһ˿֮ģҪֻ
Ȼ뷨ֻԺмһ˲ܿͷ˹
νֱɱˡ
ǡ˵Ȳϻ֮һ
ϻִﻹܱͷˣȻҲܵһЩӰ죬ǱͨʵǺ̫ࡣ
οɽ纣һʱĥˣССʯӰĵ͵һ۾ʶˡ
Ժ뵽ÿʱ򣬱ԼϮˡ
ɱһֻԺ󣬺ܿ׷˹ΧܣҪҧɾΪԼͬ౨ġ
ɱ+1
ɶȣ103/500
忴һ㶼ˣ˷
ɱҲ㣿
ֻҪܶвһ壬ˡ
ԭˡԼĽ
Ҫʲô
ŸС̻ЦϿٽӡҲ̤ǳ
ֻǰоı
СһĢߺԺΪ̫󣬲޲𹥻Լ֪ȻãǷ̫
վͺһо
ԺһµӣǾǰԼ뵽󷨣Ͳٹ˵ͬʱԼҲˡ
ôԼһ󷨣ǾҪһ㿼ˡ
䣬óýӡ֮ؽô˷Լ󷨡
˼ΣЧȽҪСһЩǶǷǳȫġ
ӡɹ󷨱ɹڵλóΪۡ
ӡ󷨱ɢˣκʵԵΣ
֮ǰССֻ֣һĿʼɱС
ӡԺһ潵ˡ
ȻԼǲɿ֮вͣĲӡ
߹ĵطһһıըը˵ʬ裬ȴ̻Ƶġ
ֻǹ̹ڶһЩ
Σɣ
2105/500
ϲߣ
ɣ5000һݣ齱+1
ּС
+1605
Σû+500
û뵽ô֮ϲ
ߣ
֣6500+5000+1605+500
ϲǷˣ
ͷűʬɽڿԼĻ֣ʹ侲Ҳ̲סЦ
ϲòûг̫ãΪֹۣ֪ܲʦôˡ
þѿ
ҵ˵ķ䣬˹Ȼڷ
Ҳ˻þ֮У˵ĻþѰæֻԱߵš
Ȼ԰һ£罫Ǽҧʦֱֵɱˡ
ÿ£
ȷʵ忴ϱҧһ󶴣ŬĿʳţҪʦȥһ
ûĿҧܵӰһ㣬ܿӻþг
Ժ󿴵Ѫ塣
ʶν塣
Ҳ̽ʦ֣
壿
ʦ֣ƽʩÿµһ죿
ۣһЩƽʩûй̶ʱգ㡭ʩ˭
Ƽҡ嵭Ȼػ
˿½ҲʱŷԼϾȻһڴ˿ڡ
ǡ
ȥסʦ֣ҶҸոհ㽫˿ڵѪֹסˡ
˿ŵϵʬ壬ɵøе¡
壬ˡҿҪΪ֮ˡ˿飬ֶ֪ΣʶԽ֪Խǿ־塣
ʦ֣˵Щˡǿ뿪ƻǣҲǲȫˡιҩԺ󣬾Ҫߡ
һܻΣգҲ˲Լ˿ˡ
ֱӵħΪԼˡ
ʦ֣㡪
ֹ
ȴνİڰ֣¡
ħЩﱾпƵãҲԶˡ
ħ᲻ʲôӰ죬ӰȷʵУûô󣬱Ͼħˡ
Щʱ뿪ջ
ջ棬׻Ѿǧ۸һϢ
ʲô˴󺧡
֪ߵݣǧܵˣб
ֿЩ˿۸һֻϻԼڵľˡ
ǰ׹ʶġ忴ϻһ̾ϳˣһ仰Ժὣȥ
Ȼ֪ȥˣܷŰ߲ܡ
ɱԺ󣬰ڵײײվ
С󣡡߿ͻȻֵ϶Ͻš
ͷצѾλö
ҪֱӰĸͳ
ΣͷѪҺסˣҲãԷʵ̫ǿӦԡ
Ҳ˶Է͵ϮĿűصˣֻſȰߣȫûע⵽һʵµ֮лһļһ
ȻֻϼһĵĶͻȻͣסˡ
ھָھĵطצͻȻסˡ
оǰö𵤹̵
ҶСġ

ֻƤ±ˣһһðŻ棬Ƥѣʬɢڵء
Ȼһжûнֱÿһ鶼ճ˻ҽһɢȥԺһвͣϢ
ʣµ˿ҡҡλμ£ûӵ֧ţֱ̱ڵû˶
ŵԼĿڣúܿ졣
ö𵤣̫ˣǸոմӻ¯Ƶġ
ɻһöô
ߵʵӦڽ𵤺ڣɱԺӦõԪӤڣ˴еԴùԪӤڡ
ȻǱҶСĽ𵤣˲ͽȫˡ
屻˷ҲԼתͷ߷ʣأ
ȥҳˡûΣ̫ˣֻܱһֻèСС̣ȥ˺ܾãûлǿȥ
̵䣬һֱ괺ȥ


62 
괺, ֮ǰﱻ߼һͨԺ󣬸ͺ޲ҹ·
ֶӶǼʰ÷ˣ·˼û, ʵ֮, ֪ȥġ
ԷӶʰҲûܡ
˵ΪܶŭЩ, ̶һЩΣա
ǳܣźš
ֻһֱѪò, ﱸ˴Ļҹԭ׼ϴһʣͶû˾ˡ
ոź˯£ͻȻִŵ
һ½һ, Ƿǳҵ
ȥŵĹ깫סˣ˴ţȫҳȥ
ڵʱͻȻƿˡ

ֻ˽
ˡ
Щ˴Ϊ, м, ܿͱѸ͵Χס
Ӷ¥¥µһЩڳ¥, Ƥȫð, ŵü
˰ˡŵӶˡ
Ӹո˯£׵˶ûüϸҩ, ֻ˼ҩ衣
Ժ󣬵һʱǾúܲͷȻܿʶĳˣǸϹϾĶǲ˳ֵġ
öӣŵ굽˴¡
һ²Ҫ
ƺƵʱ򣬿ɲŵߵ𣿸պֱ£Χס
ԲۣŵӴҪȥȴס·Ųˡ
µĿռޣҪɱЩûа취ֻܸϱҧʹࡣ
١ߡԡСڡǰа
Ϥӿߵֱӱ
ȰЩ󾫵ʬ崲߳ȥ
ţΡΡĴӴ˳
ˣҲ¶ˡ
£
ӿǰĵãȼ軹͵лңҪһ㣬Ҿûˡҵĸҵľ˰
ҵĴֻҪҪΪϵɽ»𺣣ҲҪľ֮
ͿһۣüͷԽԽ÷סӵļ򣺡Ҫ
㶣ȻʱоԼЩ֡
塣
ͽ͡
ӵͷԼ壬ϱҧ󶴣һЩܿԼ࣬Ѫֱܡ
ҡǲҪˣ
Ӻˣᣬ츳ҲȻƽʱ͵ǻе鵤ҩҪŬҲΪ
ңûӮЩֻʵܣûгΪ̫ӣûϻλ
ôأ
ӳͿȾңȾңĸڹеһȥҲҲ
ˡγ˵ݸߣĸǵˡ
ûڷߵݸҲûȺ˹Ϊ̰ﵢˣ䵽ز
ɻĸҪ֪˸öģ
ĸֻһӣĸں󹬵ԽԽùʵ³̫࣬ĸֻˡ
ĸûȥ
ȾҡȾҡҪǰߡ
ͿѾʼʬǸ
Ȳ˶ӣ̫ˡ
Ѿľʧǲġ
ڶ֮ԻûҲûб˿ܣΪͬʱֻȨȻеɱˡ
ǶҲȲˣһж̫ˡ
Ӹоûʬѳɵʬɽϡ
ҾҪ𣿡ԭˣ֪ް
ңҲ̰ݸġ
̾ϢºΪоϣܰһߵʱ΢һЩʹࡣ
ȻʧȥڿӵҲʼӦˣʹһӿ˹
ֻ˿ˣ屾ܵİʹ඼ˣֻǾ͵ľˡ
Ӿ״̬һ㡣
ֿЦˣңһعⷵˡоֺõġ
ȡž͵ľģĵ׳ƽӻ·óһö壬͵ȥ˶ǡôɱһ·ͨ衣°ˣܲͷ彻ҵĸ
ʹϽӹ塣
֡
ʹӷɵʬɽһƬ
ʹ޵֮ˣһĻҲŭˡ
ʱִ
պ뿪ŷ˿ܸࡣ
뵽֮ǰؿջСǳǸɱ˹ȥ
·˿ԽԽࡣ
Ϊ֪Щ˶ѾˣԱͼ縺նħְľͣɱ
Ͻ׵ȫȾۣҲνзһȡ˳
ɱٶԽԽ죬ڿҪջʱ˱˿Χ
ܹɱ˹ȥ˴˿ܵİΧȦо˳̧Ⱥ׷ˡ
ˣϵֻܷʣһԽ̫ϤǺЩ˾òֱӱˡ
ջˡ˵䣬ϴջȥ
˻ûеһĺ
ϤĶܿʶӿջˣ˲١
Ȼͱž޴̼ˣٶԽ
ͣ
Զ;ͿһһŮ߸Ů˻ﻹ˸СèƵĻӡ
͵
һ档
忴ждһƣˣ
ߡ˵ΪĿûˡ
͵ͷ廳С̣漴ʵôˣ
ͣ㻹֪ҡҲˣ֪֪ߣ
Բ𡣡𽣣ˣӹߣСĽڻ
СϻƤ˿ڣ͵ָ΢΢ţҩƷЩȥ
͡ΪһԲԭ㡣Сϻ߼ͳ˲һ
ֻ֪СʿŵˣˣСʿûб
ԣԼΪԼܳȥŻ¡
ֻгûкúøԼĴ
󣬻˵ûʲôԵУҲܿѹȥΪûרĻǣЩȻֵܿʧˡ
ﲻʺٴȥǸˡ
Ƕˣ»֪ʲôΣճء
뿪ʱĸ˶ǱΨСϻѾҩ˯ˡ
ƣķųߵƽ޲ıŻСϻ
ʦ֣һֻŶϵĴһֻŽܡ
ҵµȡ˸֡
ҲͶˣΪ֪ǶһƷ̫ˡ
һ뿪ʬɽѪĳǡ
һɣֻǽȥ˸ɾʹŶӸ壬ֱ˼ͨغ뿪
һ·ֱͣȥ˹ǡ
糾ͼգСϻָһЩȴԽԽƣˡ
ڵ˹˳Ϣʱ򣬸Լҩ
ҲԼҩι
ҩҶұҽҩöɡ
ôԼҲˣҩЧǳã
֪ҩĻ״̬ûС
ĵ˵ͷЧֻǱȲô졣
Чͺá˿׼Ժл˰ҩһЩҪҵʺϻҩͺˡ
Ҳǻ״̬󹦵£ұûҲûߣòϺҩ
ֻÿչ˻ĥ˵Сϻ֮ҲһЩˡ


63 
ڵطˡԼ, ˿Ҳָòˡ
Ҳָ֮ǰľ
ֻоͻС׻һģ
ЩؿŰߣ߿ʱʱƣ
͵׹Щ𣿡˽ջԺ, ҵš
ھͻ̧̧Դ, Ȼſȥ
ָС׻Դͬʱ˸, ֪ʱܺá
õҩҲ޷ָ𣿡óһö
Ʒҩһ־ͱ͸֪ˡ
ҲֻǿһۣûʲôȤ
;Ȼӵд˵Ʒĵҩ
Ʋ壬屾˸˵ĸоȴǲԣ, 磬ٵΣνƶеƶˡ
һˣҲֻλСͨʲ, ͹ŴҲį֮ˡ
û뵽д˵ȵҩٿֶ˼̽
˻ԵŴ֮ˡ

ںϣ̾Ϣ޲ͬǵзʽһǴ֮塭
ҡҡͷ
Щʧ
ֱڶȥɰʵʱ, ·һû¥
վڵһ, ļ򣺡ȥȥҪԼεʱ򡣡
֮·Ҫıġ
, ֪֧Լ, ̧û¥ȥ
ңõ֮
Ͻȥ, ӭʻдĻƱ¶Ц⣬е㣬Ƕ¥ʲôԻҪĶȻҲС
ֻǲ֪Ҫ٣֪֪Ƕ¥Ĺأ
ҵһ˽ءͬ˵˵ûмװԼͣΪЩĻǰαװǵĻ۽𾦡
һʼͰѻ˵ñ˰Ц
Ҳûʲôõı֣Ĺظ˵Ŷ¥Ĺء
ģǵȼûԿҪûҲԣֻȡһϢǮ
ͷŻĶúһƿ޿õĻҺ
Ǵ󲹡ΪܣиṩһȴдŻҺơ
óһЩԼƵҪԴóٺͶ¥û
һЩ鵤ҩֻһЩֱӵʯ
ƣʣһЩҪЩʲô
忴˿ϵԭȫȥģû¥Ҳãһˡ
ֲãһɲǿ
ʻижʱ򶼼Լƽץʱ϶ͻᡣ
ûԼóһЩ˵ҵ˼ûĶ࣬ҵ֮¡
о·һûйļ䣬֪ʶ̫࣬Ҳ޷õĶ
һļ䣬ǰʦŴУȻǱȲġ
ĳ˵ˣ״½չԶ磬ҲȲ壬Ψô޻У޴Ѿˡ
һ齣һɻյĴ
Ҫʲô岻⡣
齣ǻǲЩˡ
ܷŻĴɲȻôġ
岻ֱһͻΣյʱһʱѼƥװȥˣʱȻ򣬲ԽƵĸհԶˡ
߰ɡ뿪Ҳض顣
ֻóݸСطûʲôע⣬ϾСط֪ɽɽĶֻ̾ǷչԽԽˣµģ¸̲ˡ
ɾͲһˣĵһǽͷ·ˣһ޴½ʱǰأ
ǶûĶ¾ͲСˡ
ԺƹЩ·ȥ˶ҡ
С̽ˣŮ˵ЩȷʵֻƵġ
ͬ߻˵Ůоġң˲򵥰
¥Ķ˭Ǹգ˭Ҳ֪
Ǵ˿ƹǰģ֮ΪҵˣһŮˡ
һòȴֻεĲŮˡ
ƹĻŮڴߣ˿ȣе·ŷ
ȷʵ򵥡Ů˽£ӰһŷȥҪ顣
ƹ˷Щ棺ҡʲôŹ֣
Ź֣ǡŮüָεķûţ˼˵˷̺⡣ҿü֣ȴ˵
ָָ
ƹһ
˵̲֮
ǣ
ƹ񣬴¿̲ݻȥ󣬽֮ܿ̽¹޽δ⡣
ƹ˸ȥ졣
ˡŮ˵꣬Ѿû˶ƹߺ󣬱ҩ
Ů̧ͷǰҩҩʦȵķβʣҩʦıһо࣬Żӹҩȥ
Ѱ꼣ǰ˶ˡҩЩѪɫֻ˵Ļȴûʲôĺߡ
ҩʦЦûҶѰ꼾Ȳˡɷġ
ʮ㣬ҡ
ҶѰס֣ɫᣬ浣˵ɥõġҩѾҵˣҲȥȡˡ
海ס֣ģˣ˲Ҫô꣬Ҳǻˡֻⶫ¥Ĳ£״½Ԥ֮Ѱ
Ǿͺˡ߳ȥģĶ¥ں¡״½ԤԽѣ浿ʤ֮ˣҲССԤѵõ㡣
ЦˣҡͷʤӰ˿ɾͺˡҺѶ꣬ĪҪȡЦˡ
ɲȡЦǰǧ꣬ⷬ˵СءҶѰ꼼ָ࣬ʼΪʩ롣
Ѱ꼣»̫ƽ𣿡
ҶѰЦᡣ
ܿ𣿡
Ȼܡ
ԸɡΪһҩɫֽȥ˿Լ֣һͬٴһܣл𣿡
ҶѰ̾ˡ䣬㿴ɺã
á֪Ҵ򲻹㣬ǰǣǣԺǡԼΣұ̫ˣõ벻վʲôζ
ҶѰԱվţЦվôվ˻ۣ
ʩֶס浵ȣҰһ࣬һ硣
мˡ
ұǡҶѰ࣬˵˻κ㣬һᡣģ
ҩѵãҪΪɱ浲Ȱ˵ҶѰ꼣ģϰߣǺǴӲܲϵġ
ҶѰЦҿɲϡģɱҲõҩ
ҶѰת鰸ԣļϤһ˲̶Цˡ
ûͦ졣
һϸתλͷȥҶѰڿЩ·͵ƹ͹ģѰ꼣Ӧ벻Щ·ȻС档ҲǶʮͷӡ
ȷʵ벻ҶѰЦָ·棬ܸ֪ڤԨڷ»ƹĺۼ
ҶѰʺѣҼǵ㵱һõĿշɻڣ
ڡһҪ
ҶѰ꼻ػֺ㲻ϲʱñáôȤ
áҶѰֵˡ
ˣ浴գҴ۽硣
벻ҶѰֻƢˣпѡ
ͿշӦǷްɡҼǵõҸڤԨʣǻĺҲûеڶ֧ܱȵˡһͳȥ
ҶѰҲǷڴշš
ҶѰȴû˵ֻЦЦ


64 
Ŷص˿ջ, ߱ͱڻɹ̫С׻βһûһµҡš
忴÷ǳĶ
һֻëװ
ڿʲôƹȥ
С˵ÿɰϻһֻ
ڷ, û뵽һû, ΪԼĺܺڿʲôء
ЩΣ, ȵõ˿գȥһֻū档
죬̶ҡͷ, ǲҪˡ
ԼԽ͸ˣϲýΪʲôҪܾأ
Ҳûн͡
ϾǰϰˣڿȻ۲, ûԼȥһֻ뷨
ǲ·ڶԵе״̬ҲʺϴһֻСè䰡
߿λʶˣ̧̧ԴĴк
͸ιһЩɣҲԵûʲô¡
ǸʲôˡóҺݸߡ
ƿӱ򿪵˲䣬˲ӡ
Ҳе⡣
ɲ˰, ң
š
ͷ
߱˴껢צ, ʾ⾲͸ϽΪ¡
Ա߿žιϻĶĽˡ
ִ̾˴, һ㡣
Ѻҩ, ʲôӣ
֪ĻΪʲôֵء
ҲʶףЦЦ, ĬĬջߡ
һֻС׻ԹԵغҩҩȶ˵ֵס
ɨһ壬Ȼע⵽һֱСϻ
͸оЩͷۣСϻλʶѣ񶼲Ǹʡµġ
Ҫڴյһȥˣ´ҲԶˡ
Ծ;ÿСϻǱȵദʲôҪĸ顣
ͱǸϲˣǵС˼뷨˭Ҳ֪
Щ𣿡Щ棬ߺۿɼĺһЩ
ֻ˰ƿʹ˸ãðǻҺüͷľ˵Ǵ֮Ȼ޲ǺܹصĶҺܸӣҲǻҺȽϰԭ㻨˶ʯ
֪϶ǸոճȥģϾֶĻλѵ˽⣬϶ϵĵһʱó
Լȥû¥˵˳
ߡסһ
ȥû¥죿
԰ô˵Ҳ֣ǽȥȷʵûмˡ
߸ոպµĻҺЩھͻվСצھ͵ֱϣþͻֻ첲һֱˤˡ
ߣȻ⣡ǲʲô·
ţ岻Ҫ·Լô֪
ߵ˼ˣ˵û¥Ӫҵ
ߣȻҲ˵ӪҵȥǹĶ¥ɣ
šͷʲô𣿡
аˣߺܼ¥ÿ¿һΣһֻ졣ֱÿʮʮʮա
óһ£Ƕʮա
ûӪҵ߸ӼˣǶ¥˿Խȥһֱ¥֮ΪԵˣ¥ҵֻһȥڶ־̨ģǶ¥󶫼ҵˡ˸ǲҵʱȥ
һ£ͷ
Ҳ֣ȻӦֶǵġ
߶˶ë׵Ķ䣬ǵôȥģ
ǿû¥ˣȻͽȥˡоһԼˣȥ˵㶫ôоײʲô󱦲Ƶģ
λΨһһڷӪҵʱ붫¥Ե˭˱ȽϺ档
ЩգҲ֪˭
ͻȻڣ˵Ǽǰһҵӣݴǹ³ҶҴС㡣
ͻȻо󱳷͵ػͷ
ҲС
ʹ˵ı仯ôʶ
ʶ˵Լľ֮УǾǱģ³Ҷңǰˡ
͵ͷҲ˵ˡλҶС㣬ܺţǳɳض޽һϧˡ
ͺ꣬ΪһλŸеϧ
ʲôȻ߾ȲѣͬʱҲԴγȥ³Ҷҿ˵ؾ˶Ϳˡ
С׻Դ޳ԵδȻ޷ü
ȹң̶ʱ򡣡
βͶĴȥ֮ǰȵСҲȥˡ
Խò죬׷ţȹ㣿ӦԪӤ˰ɣ
Ҳţû˵λҶСҲǽʿôܾ㣿
ߺܰգȻұС͵Ϯˣһߵʱ򱻾ˡ
˼˵ʱǸء
㱻ʿܻˡ
Ǿңˮ֮У
ԲƿǶԺ󣬵һʱܳȥһ棬˵еĶȥ˻ܰæͻأ
ϾѾĴУĳ˵ҲǺġ
һ涼ûߺܰգҪ֪˭ɵģһЩȫ˳ˣ
ţǴӰߵĻ߸ʶȹҶС㡣
Ȼ֪ôһ£˶һԲ˰̫أ޷ۿ磬˲Żվǰϲ
ȫûǰֻǸʵ
Ͼ˭СϻǴӵģ
֪СܣҲ֪СϻҲûʵʵ˵Щһûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ֻҪ£ҶҲûйϵ
ͷǳҲΪȱ˲ֻǵԭ˿ñܸȦĸоܡ
ϾԼҲвܣҪĲǱ˴ذˡ
ԾʲôҲû˵ʲôҲûʣֻǱ˸ʲôѡԵȥʲô
ʲô㣿ҪҪأѻƿŴͷɥС׻ЩĲ̡
С׻͸ݵģһشûҴİ
ڵСϻǱСèƵģ͸һɿĸо
ҡҡβ֪ͣҾҵĶ˶šȥȥġ
β͹˾͵ֱۣϻһȦ
忴ţסҪϻԴ֡
ĺȥһֻСè䣬Ȼһ
סǰë׿һֻϻ˿۵Сá
أ̧塣
ܸоһֲһ⿴ϣһͬͬԴϤУֻȱʧһЩ䣬ԾҲ˵ֻǾЩϤˡ
ҲС׻׽
Ͼ˵Ķһֻħ˵Ĵڡ
ħҲһΣյĴڣֱӰνɱֻ֮һξ۲֮£һЩ˼顣
ħ˾ȻԼħܹħʵֵоһ¡
ֻǿϧˣֻһһĿѰĵʿ˽ͷħûжȤ
˵κ¶ûʲô̫Ȥ
ƺ˵Ӳ޵ˣ̫ϵˣӦȥ̳ķڲŶԡ
ֻǸ˭Ѿȫûӡˡ
ͣʲô㣿Ѿ˹ǣҲҪæɣ
ȷʵԭʹ˵ģھˣҲ˳⻰˵Ǵ¹ĻѺҩȥϷҩȡ
С׻۾ƺлҪ˵ǱסСϻ͡
ЦҪЩˣ˵¸¾ͻ
ǰǴȥһ£˳ˣʱֱӸ뿪˴ǱĻ˶˲١
ʵϲֱ𣬻ѵĸо̫ˣ᲻÷ֿ
ãڻʦֺͰƻǹһˡ


65 
;ʹǱԺ, ͬһҵ˹Ѻҩĵ¹١
һύ˱ϢԺ󣬵һС, ȷ˸˵ı֮, õ˹ŵơ
ǵϢԹҵıʶ
³ı, Īӡ
뿪ʱ򣬹µĻصضһ
л֮뿪ˡ
ĻмգǴȻؿջ, Ȼȥ˿ջ֪ͺͰѾ뿪ˡ
Щʧ䣬ΪֶܹһͬеĻ飬û뵽˼ҾȻǶ
ʦ֣ĪˡԵδҲһ졣尲ο
ͻȻò˼, һӺȻҪСʦο̫ˡ
һСԱ߿أ߳ܲ
ңֻǾþɢ϶Ӧúúÿʼúý̾ϢûдǱ, ܾȱ˵ʲô
û˵ʲô, ֻǸ̾˵ĶƸУҲ֪αġ
ħ治ףʱħ, ȴûħ, ɼΪ˵жô̹ˡ
˲ǱϤıӻӵܣǴСؤ, ׾ɥĸʦ־ʦű
ˣȻ˼κӰ졣
һ
ΪСЦԼѶϣǸӵһЩ
ˡ޲ɢϯʱֱҪʱҪ־ͺá忴úְܿοһ£һͷ˿飬Դûʲô죬ͳ׷ˡ
壺ǻȥϢɡٹҪˣҲҪóõ״̬С
һ·϶գҲǮôһ͡
Ҳûηǰ·ļѣֻοҸҰǰȡ
ʵûȥĻϻҲһõط
ĿĻûɣȥĵطûȥΪ־ͷ
ıսӰˣҲ˲Ϊѹһ쵽ץʱ
Ҳǳջ˲ٵ
壬ǵÿˣҲܹԼһεĴͳ齱ܵõлʲô
ھͿʼ𣿡
Ȼˡȿ嶼м˵ȫˡ
ش
ϲ߻ã߱5%
ʲô˼忴֣ɫͱˡ
ֻǰƽȥҶԺļ䡣
ǰʮļȷʵհ׵ġ
ѲҲֱӴԽƽ
ȻǣʮǰʹԽġֻʱϵͳ̫޷һֱڳ˯СֱǰͻȻעһҲܹ
ǰͻȻעͷԼ֪ʲôʱע룬ƺһֱˡ
ѿƵҲΪҶѰɾƣӵ
ϵͳ֮ˣǰϵͳȫûйϵ
ͻȻ뵽һ£Ҷҵʱ򣬺Ҷҵı׺θԴʱθԿǱ˻˼ҪѵֵʱȻû
ȴȻθԺˡ
ǲڰаң
ûаʱһȱʧ˯״̬ҵķֻֿܻúθһʲôԾΣʱʲô㣬˺θԡڶʲôصر㣬úθٹʱһʱ令ס㡣
һַҪľϾڵķã϶һӰġ޷й̯һָϵͳ
ˣֻǵڶ͵͵ңںθԹҵʱ򣬱ӻҵעϣӶ̯һЩĻᡣ
ûֻϧǹ٣ֻǿȴֱСԺռһʱĿˡ
ֲãǶʱӳʹ
˭ڰбңܺ档
ϵͳ档
Ȼһһͳ˭Ҳ˵ȻֻȰ·¡
忴ŴĶʣٷ֮ĽȣʲôʱʲôʱԲ鿴ļ䣿
֪Ŀǰİٷ֮嵹ǿԿҪһٵ֡
ҿԼļ仹Ҫ֣𣿡岻̫뿴
ǷǳǳҪĶܲҲҪⲻļ䣬غݡֻҪһٻ־ͿԲ鿴Ѿǳˡ
ⱾҵĶΣ˿ԼڵĻ֣һǧٶࡣ
գҧҧһپһ٣ҿɡ
յ
С
ϵͳɹȻǶμ䲢ֱӳԺϵͳҳһǶƵĶ
Ժ忴һİĵط
֪ĸɵɽиɻʢƺŵɻ㣬ϸӶܷ϶Ҳ
һת۵Сͯ͵͵ɽ塣
һС塣
ۣСʱÿɰ
ϵͳǳϧһֱ˯ûôɰС
Сżһںת
壬͵͵֪ҪġһСŮͯЩӵ˵ţҪ͵𣿡
Сдʣô˵͵أҲû˵ó԰ժôˣ˵ˣֲǷġ
һСкѧŴӣС壺ġ
ǸûйϵˡǻôСһ㲹ôˣѲɻҪСӼƽ𣿡С岻˵ЩСĹ磬һӵĺÿҶл
Сÿˮֱʣʵֱ
֮£ǾСġ
ǣôȥժҵɲôԶ
ҲУҵղֱֱֻ£û취ǰҡ
壬𣿡
СϣŵСϡ
ֻһЦŴӴͳһֻ׶졣
ۣԺĴס
ŵ㣬ɽͷ˭ûб׽ѵһŵֱƨƨˡ
ʰļ̫ˣʦµĿҵ˿¡
СǲµģֻСֲס׵Ĳӣֱӷ˴׵ıϣף󣡡
׶ܷŭһڶԣôСޣ
ȻСס˵ʺòԹ
׶Ӳϱ󣬺ܿ켸С޿˷־˴׶ı
СŴ¸ָˮ
ܿһǺҶ̣߰˰ˡ
浽ͣˡ
ԼСʱӺڲô
ɰǿɰҲ̫˰ɣ

룺ûһֿܣǰˣǰ괩ģ
ʮǰ󶨵ģȷȷʵʵ̥
ֿһǸƵüͷ
Ŵ磬ӦòСšǺĺɻӣûĻӦǱƷ׺ܸߣЧҲǳ㣬ܹΪ̺ΪεĸҩյĹЧ˵ʿҲôָϰ̺ۡҲаħá
ǿŰӷţҲûпӦͨ۶׺ûо뷨
˵Լʼ봩ԽȥСʱԼúʰһ٣ӵĺñọ̈̄ˡ
ʹʵ̫ʹˡ
Сʱôҵİ
ˣǸ׶Ҳ򵥡ú׶죬ʵǱѪֻǻûСѼһ׶콫ҲܱӵѪı
ѪСݣɾͱץˣҲû˿أ˵ǵ
ȻǸһЩţ˵ǵʳˡ
ΪĿڸкܲȥǴ󲹡


66 
Ҳû뵽, Լԭ¡
Щ㻹ܿʲôϢ𣿡ϵͳ
ϵͳȻԳǳϵͳȻҲûôܣһжж
˼, ϵͳͲ֪ôˡ
ֻܷԼݿȡϢ
ɽ, Ӧϱߡ
˰ŵһ䣬ʱЦˡ
ŵĸг̶Ⱦ֪, ҲûҴҵĵط
ûע⵽СʱңϴΡСҲУûҵô, вϵһģΪۡ
˵꣬ʶԼŵĽ𵤡
ԭС϶Ŷء
С
ϵͳרŽ⣬һǳ˵
, ʥĶ顣̺һϹ֮Ϊʥṩ˵ı
ôһСϣϵͳǼ֪϶һ㡣
ϾûĻ˶ˣǷ
ĻϵͳʵˣҲ֪Ϊʲô
Ѿһˡ˿¾û, ֻҪͺðˡ
˵ǡʥϱ, θպҲҪȥϱߡľķǳǣһʼʹҪȥϱߣԭڤڤ֮ע
ҪȥϱǸ, ˵ǵľ, ˵ҶСָȥϱߡ
ϵĽ𵤣ƽʱûʲô¶, ǴҲֻǽȾ°ˡ
һЩ£Ī·Ҷʱ𵤾ͼ緢̡
һʱ򣬾ḧ𵤵ʱ򣬽Ҳ΢΢ȣһӦ
𵤶Ƶġ
ϵͳ
ֻһ
νش͸һӵСƵ嶼Цˣһٵ֣
һٵ֣٣ǻΪ
Ǿܹһͨˣ˲ʮס
ҲŽףҪǰֻɣֱӲˡ
ĬĬ£˸ͷڻǳʹ
׬һٻ֣ûˡ
һ齱ءҪҪһ£
ûȤŰɡԺʮˡ屧ͷ˲䣬˸а˶סˡ
ȻĻ֣ʵĵ׸һ·ľиոƵ͸¶Щ
оǣʥ
֮ǰݸڵʱǸڰĿ䳤Աʥɽµӡ
ԭʱӴйʥϢ
Ժ᲻йϵ
ȻĿǰûз֮ʲôϵϵͳ񲻻Ե޹ʷġ
Ժݱ϶Щϵ
ߣҪҪһΣ̳µشο϶
ϵͳһȰ塣
ҡҡͷҪ
ûɶöϴκϳɳĶ²׼ԿôãʾҪѪ
һͨʿǱģѪȥ
ֻܷϵͳռ䴢ҡ
βһһΣο϶кö
ͻȻе棬ϵͳôǿҵıֳԼͼôƴȰ˵ԼΪʲô
ɡ뿴ϵͳ׸ʲô
Ȼϵͳһ໥ڹϵ֮ǰһֱΪԼϵͳǺϵ
ھԺϵͳûжٻǺϵĻôԶϵͳ˵ǲƽȵġ
֮ΪϵͳǸӹϵϵͳΪ
ǽϵͳҪֹݱ͸¶һ£ϵͳвйġ
ϵͳĹϵֱһء
ŻҪ̼һϵͳ᲻ʲô仯
ȻϵͳʼȰ˵齱ˡ
ĵЩˣΪϵͳһָΪصƾճҲκοơ
κβϵͳ
ɡߴϵͳ
Ҳ뿴ϵͳûʲôУҲüвС
齱С
ϲýӡ
ʲô忴ƾճǰһСӵģӡ£ֽӹ
ϵͳУǷӡ
̿á
Ȼ˵꣬еķӡͻȻ⣬ӷӡӡз˳Ժ˼ׯϵķɮ
ȻûбֳΣգ廹Сľ
һʱѿ˳
Ǽֻû뿪Ҳûʲô
Ƿ޺ӡԺǡ¾ͿýӵиĹ£ԽԽǿ󡣡
أ
»ǱɶɺǿǺơ
ĥϵͳĻͻȻˣֻһ֣Ķȴǧǧ򡣡
峢һ£ȻǼ޺ս˷ӡ
еķӡио̤ʵࡣ
˰൱վһǿĶ顣
̫ˣˡ
ǰ̳ǿһ£ĽǺͨģָǳ齱ֺ޾ϲֶ
ֻǸȡķӡһĴڡ
֮ǰӡǲ̳ġ
ϵͳǲɻţͻȻؼۻ
ʲôؼۻôֱأ
һһܿŵ̳档
001лл㡣
ϵͳͻȻоתٻ˼֡
ֻǰæڲԱۣǰһֵѡ
϶˲ٻְɣںȷһ£ϵͳӦǻĹϵ
ȻǰҲǼ˻ɡ
Ժ岻ٻϵͳˡ
ϵͳЩߣʵҲûʲôԱлֵġ
Ҫһ񣬵ҲҪϰ๤ÿߣҺкܶ๦ûнȵˣҲ͸ˡ
ʱҾͿ԰ﵽࡣ
ϵͳƤһɡ岻һѪˣҲһ˽ˣ˶ãҲͷεĻرǸһûеϵͳ
òãĻֻŰɡֺ֪Ҫ滹кܶܶҪõֵĵط
֪ҪҲ˺ܶ࣬ССĻһˡһƤɡͿԱ仯ʵˡ
ϵͳܿʵ壬ǿ̳ƤҪ
˶Ҫüǧˡ
ϵͳܲתһǧָϵͳ̳Ա۹
Ұϵͳ̳Ȩ忪ˡ
彫̳ǽ˶Աȣϵͳ̳ǲ˺ܶ࣬һԱۣԱڱͱһϵļ۸ϣٴۡ
ϵͳɾһǧ֣һ̳ǼֵǧƤ
һһֻС׺ı
˶ˡ
ëף
ҵƤÿ𣿡ϵͳ˲Դ֡
ͷÿ
ǵڶһ磬ſȥⲽ
䲻Ĵš
ѵһεļһͿһֻС׺Լǰ
׺̽һԴ塣
ơ㿴ҵ衣
˵õĴҫСӡ
ë˳İ׺ԾͿǵĻ龢Щʣģ
⣬ǣҼġ弱ǣ׼ȥԶСһҴˡ
ôõӦġҿ˰ɡʲôᣬʲô
Ļе岻֪νֻû˰
ϵͳչǲԺ˽ģֻͨʶԺйͨ
ǲ߰
ϵͳüζ۵ײƵɣԼˣ˺üζԱء
ȷǺߡ
ʱָоΪǿҡ
ϵͳ쳤ǰȱסֱۣ½ʺֵòɿÿɰˣƣˡ


67 
һ, С׺ɡȥˡ
˸˯ѣʱ򣬷еϴˡ
С, 簡ʲô𣿡
ΪԼ¥Է, Խ컻ʶ÷ˡ
ȻȴһƮƮأЩò, ȥһ˻ʹ
ȥǺ𣿡˲졣
óƣûյϢ
óԼƿ˿Ʒɥ²Ӫҩȵҩ辡ߡλʿǰʹպ
û뵽Ϊ¡˴æʰһ, ֱӴԼȫҵ뿪
¥¿ѾڵȲ͵壬ͻȻɴ۾ﱧŵСꡣ
ģһҲϲֿɰϵͳոõƤĴҫʱ, ǸĿɰˡ
Ҽġ廹Ǿ仰û˽ô͸˵Щʱֱˡ
壬á׺һͲ򵥡
ǰ򵥡Ҳ֪ǲġѾ, վĿڡ
ֵ, ŵӣͻ˸Աߡ
Сɡ
ţԷʱû̫Ķ, ԭֻϵŭ, ӵԼ
˵֪Ȼ˵ʲô׿ȥ, һǰԺֻֻ
Ȼ˳Ĵһɲ֮ûʲô
ԣСҶҴСҶ彻˸Ľ¡
С㲻ˣҪˣˣСӣȻҲǸһš
òҪ꼰СȽϺá
˳Եúܿ죬ԱԺȥ˵ͷ֮ĸŽ˴
ȻҳŵÿͻסޣƽˣϲԵģĵǲȵġ
Ҳͬˡ
ûаֻ˸պùշݵĳʳ˲ٵıٹȵ
˶ֱӱһµĳʳĴǷ׺һɡ
˵˻ʹμǽ֣ʱ̼Լоֹ»ʲôԼͬ鷳
һӣϱֵһЩȴĴˡ
Ҳǵһ»ʶȥΧ˺
ֻϵͳİҪôĿȷȥ̽ΧһС
鷳һЩҪ۾ȥȥҪȥֱα
˵طĹھɥ֮ʹҲûЩʿֻɹĹʦǰ
Ȼȹʦһ̣˶סˡ
ͻһۣʦۣģɰСͯ
忴ž͵˲첻⣬Ȼ͵ӹʶһ㡣
ﻹֻЩС׻˶˾Ǿˡ
͵ı仯ܴЦ⣬㣬оֹǳŹٳͻ
ǰǸɷǲȾŮޣôͻȻҡһͳ˹ʦˣ
˺棬ȴҲûй̽¡
ͱֵòʶǣҲûȥ̸˼
ĬĬžͽѺҩһһȥٱͬơ
ʦ¾λһ³֮λʿһƱ£ȥɽˮԶϣλʿܼǵý֮ģҩþҩȡ
⻰˵Ѿж˼˼
ϱսˣεı߽Ħһ㣬򲻻Ҫʱǲôҩȥ
óúͻȻҲѺҩȥϱߣȽ٣һҩȵר˹ӣѺҩɢ˵ƾ
һξȻֱӴʿɼнҪ
Щĵ׿ʼùˣֻ׬ʯҲ˺һֻһȥϱߡ
֮أ㲻ĻᶪС
Ժ󣬾ĵݻƣֱ֮ˡ
ڳʱѺҩĶ֮һ
ӵǹĴ󽫾˳ս
˵Ķ飬ŭһȺϲ̨߹֮Ҳҳֻ֤ɫΪħϰˡ
Ȼûͦˬġ
ˡ
ŽǴ޶ƺƵشˡ
һһҵķڿն𣬽سһĿĵǰ
һθĶ飬оܲһ㡣
ֻг˹ߣݲдʹ󡣡˷ݵͼ߽С䡣
ڷ۵ķרŲõľ°빦
Ȼ˵ûʲôãϾʺ⣬Ƕ˶ԣǾԵı֮ˡ
һӶһź
ҲֲǻʼṩķۣȻƽ
ŵͼԺͣС
ˣǸЦˡ
ҡͷպý£
šһݵͼҸոȥһϱʿġõµͼԺԼоһ»ֱŹˡ
ΪʲôȥˣС¾Ϳбˡ
˵ĹϵȷʵܺãҲֻʦֺ֮Ĺϵ
ѰƵˣȻǸ׽ġ
˱裬һ𿴵ͼ²˵ǵִҩԺ󣬾ȥ⼸طɡ
ǼطഫҽǱޡ
ʵڸоʵ˺ܶࡣָЩطԺףû⡣
ȴЦǺ¡ѰҽҩҲܸ¡
˵ˣ֮ǰоҵҵһӡഫʥŮа취ꡣ
塣ס󣬽ע˻ҲϣΪðաҪУҲӦȥ㡣
֪ĻԵбȽϺûԵˣ˵ģдγܷأ
ûҪΪԼѰĴǰ;ϡ
û˵ֻǶǷݵͼš
ֱͻȻ˽˲ŴֹŹֵķΧ
Ťͷˣʦôˣ·
󽫾ոʱݵݣôҶעһ㡣˽󣬿̯ĵͼҲչϱߵĵͼϸ
ǰɽڣʵֲעħʱûĵطҲݵͼʵ̫ϸˡ
˸Ͻ¼һ
鿴ȻȽ鷳Ҳûиõİ취ˡ
Ƚҩ͵ҩԺǾ͸÷ֱˡǰʼʧ䣬ϱߣӤԺҲܹġ
ԪӤʿϻڱǲСģڱһɻ֧ϱ߸һɵм
ΪԪӤԺ󣬲ϱж϶кܴıһĵˡ
ġʱһȾ۵Ҳñˣɢǳ£ֻҪԶҲܼġ
С˵Ż΢ȾһЩˡ
ͻȻ궯
ϮϮ
һʱγȥ鿴
ոƿųȥ˾ͳ˹
屾ܵὣ˺˺С˺Ҳˡ
ʱŷҷϵ˾Ȼòˡ
취ǰĶ飡ǰȥ鿴۵ṩװãѾƻˣҷ۵ķҲⲿ򿪡
ȻⲻµģµǱ˵ǼˣѾնɱˣȴͻȻֶ
ʬǿʬЩѾˡ˿ԺŵˣҪǣСϵʬԪӤ޷⡣
˻סҵһܹ塣
ͨãȥ塣ء
ΪǷϵһСʹ󣬿ϵ˹һӭԼҵԮԷֹе˴͵͵Ǳ롣
ġѾĽȥΪȷһ
˵ļʱ建ѹЩʬ
϶ڰвٿأǱҵǸˡͷһۣողֻ߰˸ʬѾʮʬΧ
ʬʬԺͻᱻʬͬ
ҷĴ󲿷ʿȾˣʣµļҲԼıѧ֧š
ѾȥЩһֿܵǵĸԽԽǿʬ
ҪֱýҲУ滹лˣǼҲڷϣû취뿪
סʱۻԶ䣡ҲԾˣô壬סЩʬҪ˺ˡ
ʬû취ʱסõİ취ˡԺͬǸϽ֪ͨǼŵˣǰæһסʬ
˰ﲻʲôæ˵ߡ
ȴ˵ȥҰпʬˣʦ취ϵϵˡ
ǻ壬ЩĸȾܴʬΧǰȥҵĻ֮ˡ
ֻĹͬˣᱻɢ뿪ǰȫģΣյһ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪Ļ֮ûĺ֡
ҪȥЩʬ޷ʬ֪ƣȴߵʱ


68 
Ժ, ôŬȰ˵Ҳ޼¡
ƣ忴뿪֮к, Сģ
ֻϧòκλظ
ܿʬΧ, ΧȦԽԽСЩмܲס
ǲལ, ʬ֮жݵʶһӣΧһŵܹ
һһһ򣬺ܿʬ˽档
˴岽֮صİΧȦ, ؿ治Ͻʬ
Ҳֵ֪ܵá
óһЩҩЩҩظһɡ
Ȱ˵ˣʿӹҩ, Щ
ΨһˣϵİȾѪҲմȾһЩۻ֮ǡ
˵ҩԺ󣬱ؿ, , ոǸŮȥˣ
һ²ŷӦ˵˭
صؿڣܹȥҿʬˡ
ʬˣҿǸŮ˲װɣǸվ˵š
Ļڴע, ˶˹, ɵ˺Ǹ֮شš
ŭɶ˹ȥץס˵, ˵ʲô
ǡ˳ָ֣˺壬֣ΪʲôҪܣ
ȥʬˣ˼û뵽Ŷƽ֮⻹˵òȻ֮ˡ
ͣ˴ǰλγƺ
вգ̩Īк
ĪкֺؿڣĪ˵СۣѺͶҲߵġ
ν潫ҲȲ
ü͹ĻӦûʲôֱӳͻ
ѵ̩Ϊӵ²ǵ鷳
Ƕӵ޹أǱкˣĸ޹
ܱ㵽ͷϣ
һ˲䣬ɱͻ
壬塭˳˳ۡ
񣬿ˣֿǲһ̩
뵽Լոնɱ⣬ǿѹͷĽţ̩£ֻƾѵ뿪϶֣δǣǿ˲ܷڵۣʵϡ̩ء
ǡȻƾ֤ĪкԼָһЩԼ˼Լʰøɸɾ
ĺ
ĪкóһöӰʯԺʾ˺;ͽʱ¡
ƽֻǼһ˹ˡ
ҲӰʯʲô֤ݿ֤֣
ͬ棬ոڴȺ½½վ
ǹʦ
ȷʵʦлŰ׻ޡ
Ƕǲμ˹ˣͱŰ׻֣һĻ˶ǵá
£˵ʲôֻһǰˡֱʣֱ˳
ͬźɲ⿴Īк
ĪкЦóȻֵĹʦ衣̽Ժŷ֡λʦǴ
ĪкóһöӰʯصһЩ˽飬һλڳ¥֮ϣʬɽѪ
аޣڷ˽Ϊȡ˷˽ˣ޽硣޽ʵ˼ƣΪľͼıҹˣаޣͬʲô𣿡
óһӰʯֹسֵһ£ҲǾֻվ˺棬Щ˿ܵңȴ͡
λֹص˿ܣյʬƣǸ˵ûаϵ𣿡
ĪкȥѾʼվߡ
أССڣʿ˶˳˶
˿ЩӰʯϵĶмֶҡȻͬһͬ߹˿ܵİΧôҲΪ⼸Ӱʯȥѡ
˼ᶨվߣҶ˵壬ǵ֤ݸ㡣һԣǾǳġһҪСİ
ġûлɾ͵п϶ᡣ͸˶ֶΡ
ڹ³ǾǱμһ·׷ɱƹģ˰װɽһޡ
ԸոĪк˵аޣǰ֣Żֱɱ⡣
˶˵ҲֻۣҪȫɱ˾ܽܶ鷳
峤һĪкŬԼ֪뷨㲻ħ
ɱˣºǸˣҲɱ͵ĺμҺֻǽɱǵĶӵˣʲôأ
ǣֱɱˣܽӴʬΣգĪкǳƶ
忴ȵģһʼб
ЩԥȻмĪкĻϾ˼̩˵мַġ
ʵɲͣѾڣ˵ֻһ͵ˡ
Ǹոնűڣᶯ־֮
ˡҲܶԶ˶֣
һŮվ˳кͬеλҲһС
ͬˡ̩ҪʲôҲ
Ǽ˷ֲ̩ĻǼ٣Ǽ˲֣ô弸˶о֮
֣ôһԵݣô֮Ͳڡ
ЩϷˣֻȹţת
ܿҲм뿪̩ߣǲֻ˵˾֣֮ܶҰν
̩֮ܲҪ֣ȴʬ̤
ȻйԥɣҲܻԼǷȷ
Ȼ޽ͳʿ侮ʯ֮ǻǽǽΪΪŰ
Ȼǽ£ñޱģȽǰ֮ˡ
Щ嶼΢΢ûб˱෴һ·ϲƴ
·Ķ࣬Ҳ޷ߵ
ֻǽһֱ׵ĿȨ֮վάԼΪ֮ݡ
ҲǸжһǵú˺ñ컯ںñҲ䵽ϡ
̩£ǸһʬڣҲö֪ҿս飬ȴ潫ǰֹ֮ǰϣ̩²Ҫɱ˽̡
忪ڣЩվΪ˵ʿǸе⡣
ͬʱ־˰ź׵
ǰվλŮޣ͵ؿ壬㲻Ϊ֮ѽ̹ŵùҵȡԲõʧ
Ů޿̩泤״䣬ԵΪģλ
俴壬һԽӻ塣
ȻԵΪģλѵ潫ǰֹ֮ǰ˽ΥԼӣԸġ
ҵȽԿɵ
֪̩¿ɷһ
ĪкЩòУ־ǰȺ֪Ĵûףǰв
áұ֤Ǽһû֮ǰֻҪԹԴﲻܣҾᶯǷֺĪкҲû취ԭΪԼó֤ݣЩʿͻһӵϣаͬһ£ƽʬ˵Ǵһ
գĳֶһء
û뵽Ⱥӵӵ£ǿǰƶ
ҲãˣҪŽȺһʰˣϾԵĿɲ򵥣Բֱӵƶ߸صĻֱӱ
ûӣҲ޷к֡
֮ǾңǲŹҪıȡ˵аޣ
ȥ֮ᰤʰÿһͽ


69 
ڷϰѰ, ͼҵǸס
Ȼһʼмʬ֮ϱžǳ
ߺһ䷿׼뿪ʱ, ͻȻˡ
С, ģһ˳ˡ
ʱ𾪲ѣǡߵˣ
Ŷң⵹˼ղҲαװ, Ӱߵǰ˶Ļţղ
Ϊӱ𣿡ſ, עһһ
ղЦΪǸ𣿲ˡȴǻҵĴƣǺܲһӣǸҲô硣
һʵλܼ, ȻҪǸʵɲ򵥡
òײźöӿϹԹĻ⼸֪ðŮˣȫƻˡ
ʵǸղһɷ˵س˹
˷һʱ㿪Ĺ÷һ
һ, ŷ˳ȥ
ղԼıǧӱղ
ղûϵһ, Ǳӿ֮ЦȻӡֻСϷǿɾ̫ϲ̨ġ
ղԼó, һѵؼƷķ
ڸоϵ, ĵãϽӡ
ֻϧһ, ҪʱѾһ
СӣٶȿɲаղЦҺµģһŹ
ЩʬģԺ󣬲ȥѪ̧ͷųղ
ղһ˾ʱǱ˿㣬СӣʱʱûáѾûˡĪڵλѣǿѱѾһˡ
ͫ΢ϲ𾪵飬˵ĵطһʹȻ˿Щʹ඼ղһѹȥ
˵ʲôҪ˼Σȴ޷
ղĽڿʹŵѰҴ𰸣һжڴ̼˷񾭡
˵ףҲùղ°ͣŶϷ
ղ֪֮Уһң˭ͬᱻס
̩Ǹ˵ûжǰҲͷԼ򵥵úܣ΢ƭĸΪǰ䡣ᣬλѾһȥڤ
ɫ԰ףŲ˼ʵһʼǣ
ڶǾעˡ
ܺ棬ղͻķŭΪΣ
Ʋ϶ӣܸòΪ˶Ǳɣ
Ӷúܿ죬һ𰸼֮
ǸˣѾ֪ΪʲôҪղջӣشͷڵϡ
ૣ͸޾ıˣΪ͵
Ȼ꣬ұ㿴ҪˣȴһҾ֪㲻һ㡣ֻǿϧ֪ѾˡôҵθڣҲ㡣
ǡ
ЦʲôղɫĿƷΧͻȻķЦеĪ
Ц˵ûȷʵڻࡣ
ʲô˼ղĵã׼ֱֵʱ
ͻȻһҩ֮Եõһ䣺ɣ
ʱ䣬СС֣֮ӵѾʼУۻ۶ղȴԼ޷ƣ˫Ƶԭأ˿ܶ
ȻǷɿղеȣһٷԼ͵˸ȫĵط
ѾȻֻǵһأղƽ⣬ûн⿪󷨣˼裬󷨿ʼй
ղҪͷһŷԼıӱˡ
ղż֮еԼкֶʹ˳
ȻȴȣȥĹһһˡ
ϵ˶һƷƺˣ˿ŵ˵Ľɱжкϡ
ԼԽԽ˳Ժ󣬱㲻ټȥ
𣡡
һ󷨵󷨵ղס⽥ѣеһж
΢ըѸз֮
ΧĿռһЩϸ΢ĲŤȻܿһ˳֮һжƽ
ȤȥղµĴʹ䣬һСĴҡ
ʰЩԺעֱ
ð󷨸ôáֳĶСС֪
ÿһʹ󷨡
ǣ޲˶֪
ʰЩԺ뿪С䡣
ȥԺʬҲû˶һһĵ¡
ԽЩʬɽػصǰֱĵط
ȻȴԤϵһĻ
еĲ̫һΪѾΧס˺ֻ֧ܿŵȴԼԮ
û뵽ǳƽ̩ŭĿ⣬˷Ϊࡣ
һྯЩͻȻµʬһԴȻǳֳ̬
һվ̩󣬲ɫĶ˶ž衣
ղõ̩˶ֵ£ȻŷղĻҲֵ÷
̩ȷʵԣ׶֮
ˡ
˿Ժ󣬿ھ
ܿ˵עеϣǱ޵Ҳ˫ۡ
Ǹ˷ܣվ˵ô񺰽УѻˣʬҲˣ֤ǵ˰ɣ
̩Īкνʣը֣̩ƶŴǡ
ͻȻҲóԼķܿ
̩ʵΪΣҪԼô
ֻǶһСİˡ˭֪ǲǴͨӦϣ̩Ǻа޾һģɱе
ڿ˵аͬô㣬а˭Ҫ֪ղļƻ̩֪١
̩˽⣬Ӧ֪࣬Ҳᱻƭת
ʱ֪٣ְ̩ǼӰʯ˳һֶһ
óӰʯУǹؼ͡
ͱӰʯķҲ޷Ŀֻ
ӰʯУͶԾ˵ӵǸ⣬Ҫ׷Ҫ޹ء
޵ĻʶУ˵޹أ

ΪΣϻʵԵúƣ˵һ̬֮
ͣΪаҡǱΣԸΪ²¡ϾϷ޽һƽദΪ˫Э飬¹𡣡
޵Ļʶ͸ôϻʵָͣΡΡ飡޸ʦ֮λ޲װף
Ȼ⻹ûн֮һ
һ棬˵ǱѾ׵赣ǡ
ǹҵȱˣһ±͵
̩Щ𽥳ĬʿҺǰûнЩȫó
ڿЩ˸β֤
忴Щͷȥβ־ЩƾӰʯ֤ݡ
ʱЩǰλ̩һʶҲᱻֵӵļƭˡ
Ȼ̩ĶӰʯŲɵˣȻֹһһζҡˡ
̩ߵǰļ¶űĿ⣬㻹ʲô˵ģ
һִñĸо
ӰʯˡԼǰȡһöʽıʯ
ȡԺ󣬱ʯ۷һöӰʯˡ
ҲһöӰʯһͬۿӰʯע
˶ȥӰʯϵʱߣʵ壬û°ɣ
û¡أˣ
Σӵ
ҡͷҷһѾˡ
ǱضܹصˣҲòϺ
ڴ۵ߺһ·˺Ҳֵõġ
Ӱʯϣҵһ䷿˶ЩȤʱͻȻһ䷿￴ղ
̩ղʱɫѱ䡣
ȻӰʯݣ̩ղ˵ǸʱǱŭѣȻŭ»ںͷ
ȵ׳ղĻԺӰʯȻֹ
˲֪ѳģǲ֪ζ󷨣˱˵ȫҵ
ҵӰʯΣ̩
ĪкѾŭͷԣŭһղǸСˣ˵аޣس֮
ƲסҪߵʱ˻Ͻ˵ӴӴӴҪе˰̩һ쵽Ҳͦæİ
˵˶һۣûסЦ˳
忴̩侲ŤĹǸҲ󷽷Ľˡ
ϣ̩պ˼С˵š
ĪкֱŤŤض˵˾䣺£Сðˡ
֪ͺãܸơܵǸȻͻתоҪ̩¡
˵̩ǺϾ˰һ˵˶֪ˣǸ˶ġ
߽ˣ͡ôﵽһƽ⣬ʶ½Ҫƫ̻塣
뿪
̩ãȻػǾ仰ͷ˸ʣ˵ʲô˼
һԿϷûסЦˣֻ⣬ӡ˵ԼͷǸöϣ̩ҲС


70 
صԺ, ˸˵㵸С㣬ô뵽Ӱʯģ
ӰʯôҶ֪, һʼֻΪ˼¼ܵķ, һЩͱϡ
ҲӰʯȥһЩ֤ȻǶǽʱ̲, ǰıʱдš
÷û˭һʱ޿̲ӰʯƵģʱȻôá
ʬҵһ, Ӱʯˡ
壬˽͵ǰ˵ģСִ¼ǡ
ĬĬûסЦ, ƣ
ֻǰʱ˵Щ£û뵽סˣһˡ
⣬עһЩǺõġԺóһֽݸ塣
ӹ, Ǻ, 뿴ȥԺ巢˾̾
ԺĽȻôǿеţ֮ǰսʱǱ, ÿβԼһƤ޷ȫʤ
˸Ժ, ȫˣҲ֡
֪ϲоЩ, ˻֮⣬ҲЩȤ˲лЩ
ˣרעҽޣѾ޹ˡ
רעķ򶼲̫һȻȴĪദúܺг
ֽһԣĸоȷԼֱʹýʱ̫һ
̫ˣѾʺýˡƣȡһµְɣ
֪忴µ󷨿϶ˣûϵ˷ܣ˳Ļʼ˼֡
ħΣ
˵꣬Ȥħν⣿
֪ͣаħ󷨣Ȼθģаô󽵵ͣħħټǰֻǽȡʵǹǿڰƸĳ֮ԺûнͣȶԴߡ
ϡͿˣȻȻ
˻ûѧᣬ֪ͨȥϼϣۿԽ䣬´
Ͻͼ֮ǰϵõڡ
۽䣬һ׹֮б͵˵棬۱㱻
Ժ¿ţܿҵȺͬ
ƣ˻֣ȷԼųǱ߼˹ȥ
˻ˣóӸ˲ֲ߿㼱ʲô
ܵͷ󺹡
һ˻Ầ¡ɵţùӣԼźˮ
潫ѾʼӣֹصĴҲˣһԺ潫Ŷӽ봫
Ҳʱƣʦأ

һԹ˳
ͷ㿴ͷ󺹵Ǻ棬⣺ʦ֣ôˣ
Ҹող˼Ҵˣһ㶼֪˲Թ鶼ίܲ΢һҵĶ
ȡĬĬ˸ӹȥʦ֣㻹ðɣ
û¡Ͳɲ˰ˡ˼䣬˵СֶΣͷǡùӺҲ˲Ҫݸ
ܾţˣʦðɡ
Ҳûֲ˲ҷŽ˴
ǿ߰ɡÿһ¶飬־Ҫŵˡ
˽봫ǺİʿһѺһҩġ
ΪҩģһЩֱһͣԱҪĴſԣȻαȽϴüһ黤ŲС
Ҳô鷳ˣֱҼĴΣôǽӿռֱװŴ߾ˡ
װҩģܱ֤ҩĵİȫ
ֻϧͨĽӿռ޷סҩĵҩԣֵħħ˺ҩرֻܴ࣬͡
һȥԺ͵һֵĵطɳ鲼ȥɳ·Ż谵ʡ
ʲôطİʿޣһԺ㿪ʼ
һʱ̱־裬ȻأҲǱǰסˡ
˾ЩԶŸϽȥߣոնһ£ͷԼ˫ȱǶɳˡ
ʦ֣𶯣巢һĻϽ
ͻȻıŵİʿһҩģûҪȥ˵Ĵ㡣
˸ϽüٷҪӻɳѳٷûá
Уȥļ٣ɲ
巢޷ƾԼԺý
ƣȥʦ֡һ˵ţһߴĴѰʲôá
Ȼһһ
⣬ҲûκεԥõԺһʱҵһê㣬ֱ׸ˡ
Ѿɳס˴ȣڲϵݡ
ӵԺӵǲ
ʦ֣ץס׷弱ķӣ֪ûЧֻԡ
һԵѾúһʱȶڲݵɳ
ߣסӡ
ˣһ¡Ͽ죡ûôõģΣͷҲûôᣬĥĥʱ򣬺޲ȥš
ó׷Լˣһ㷴Ӧûá
İʿЩʧЩΪɳѾû˵ˡ
Ѿˡ
˶Լ׷ֱɵۣʦ֣׷ΧĻɳϣǸԼá
ΪǺܼ򵥵£û뵽˾Ȼˡ
Ҳǲ⣬˵ӵôġ
˵Ժóһ׷ŻɳԺ󣬺ܿһСС۾ۺϣΧĻɳֱӾ졣
ȱһ飬ΪѾһطԻɳһԺ˱ڻɳб¶˳
忴˻ڷ㶣һļغʦ֣üٷ˳ӹ
˵ָܿʹˡ
ٺԱߣµӡ
İʿ˴˶һۣڶԷ۵׿𾪡
һοܹϵʹãǻǣҲһɵˣŸܾĶֱ󱻻ɳɡ
ҪˣǸϿ뿪󷨼עһȻЩҲֵסɳҵݣܿ꣬ĵط˵ֱ̮ݣʱӲˡ
ԺһŴ뿪
Ȼȫǻɳ֪ĸطаӣԲֻᷢ⡣
У嵱ϣüٷǾ뿪
ʿЦ⿴ͷĻɳȻҲ޷ȥ
ѾνԺһĽϣƽķС
ʿ˵޾˵ĻЦǾڴ˴ɡ
ûгԹǰ˲ȥ˽ֵغˣʲôɣ
˴ӵվԭطŭҪۣ˱ϽȥҩİᵽԼķɽϡ
ǶλҪԱ㣬ˡ˴ҩҪ뿪
һ߰ɡλ˵ûҲǵ粫һ
˺һ飬ҩǰС
ǰ濪·ĵһʱ򣬱㻻ƷɽʼϷ
֪˶ãûзɵɳľͷ
ˣˣȻûκڣ˵ݵΣգҲûбˡ
Ҫܲˣ
İޣһѾ¶֮࣬ˣˣ鵤ҪľˡǶģģʯҪĹˣȥǸɲҲ߲ȥƬأǻᱻ
ţСƾǷɶˣ
һɡü
ȴңҾǲŷʱ
˾̾ţǲǷһ𣿡
Ǹİһǣһ˿صˣҲҼǵǰꡣ
˵ʱһˡ
庰ϵͳǷɶˣ
⵽һСʱǰ뿪
ŰʱҵĸоҲǴġôôףͷˣִһ
⣬ֻаƵʱ̣ƾȻҲ÷һˡ
ǲǶԲ˶ʱŵĸоԽأҲԽ죿


71 
ԼõϢ
Ļ, ˳˼֮Уûֻ˵, ĬĬ
, Բᶨ֮ˣеĿֻԽ, оʱҲԽáķ֮ǰ뵽Ĳࡣ
ʦ֣Щס
һױˣ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô£Աпܵġ
Ļ, һʱȥʿסˡ
һ˾ĿˣҪʲô
ˣ㿴Ƕʱĸ֪һ侲, ˭Ҳ֪ڷлʲô
Ǹʿ˵ĻЩǲһǸʿ
ͷߴңǰʱǰ뿪ģûкܾ, Ƕʱĸǻҵġ侲, ҿǰһСȥһ˵ӳȥ
, ҳָŵķ˹ȥ, ȷһСС
ɽԺַһ
ոһֱ, ĵúأԺŲȽˤˡ
𣿡˽Ժǰȥ鿴ǸС
ȥˣǸסʿ˹
һˣȥЩҩġ
⵽ʲôطһ䡣
ߣγƺ
Ӻ
εѣͷЩҩģʲôҪæĵطܿڡֵżٷɳ鲼Сġ
ӺеĻƷ˼ǧܸӡ
ɵɢޣȻҿɢˣΪʵ΢ɢҲۣĻӵԴ
ƣôˣԱߣոմС
˵ûˣֻһ񡣡
ȻѾϷ̾ڱʱûп
ȻͻȻü
ԭǽȥüԺҲͣôˣ
ͻȻ뵽һ£ûзӣ޶ټ޸Ĺһš
Ҳɻ壬û¾Щ飬ԶֹŹֵľдҲࡣ
οεķޡ̫࣬ʲô⣬ʱҲȥܾˡ
šʱ
ͷȥæ˷㽫Ǹʿ
˽Ժ忴Ŵϵķ
ͻȻס۾ҪҿЩ½ܻġ
һ˲Ļ㱣סԺ󣬸оʶࡣ
ƣʲô𣿡
ŹֵĵطʲôܲЩε˵š
ʱܴʱָĵǺìܵġ
龫͸ų֮ģܸӵһۺĸо
ҪҿҲҪ롣ͷʱ̼ǵԼ˭
ȥҲᶨ˼֡
ոȷʵһֿŷ񣬸ŷеĹ⣬ЩһֶȥԼĴȱĵĸо
ڲź֪ķԼĲͷȥӣһ̾Ϣ
¿ȥߣ㱼Ҫ̧ͷһԡ
ȥơ
ŷѾ˶ŵ׵ˣǸˣҲ˷ǰ˯
˺һʿȴ
ԱߣӴóʳҵݸ
ӹԺһ߳ԶһƣôܵӰ죿
巢ԼܵӰǸӺ֮ǸʿȻˡ
ȫ̲κӰ졣
۷˼һ˵Ϊûзѧ۸ǲһ
ô᣿ⲻܣҺǴϻۣѵѧҪ
ǳǳЦˣЦᣬ޾İݡ
ûл۸˵ûзԵ֪ʲôȻ˺ȫһ
෴Ƿǳ˽ģֻԼ档
ΪΪҲ֮ǰйһĹϵҹദʱ飬Ҳù
Żչ˵İȫһУǱһˡ
ǣֻһ˰ˡ
ǶԱҲ¶ǿ϶󣬷֮ǰǱĶǰ㣬Į߿
ĳ֮ģһĶѺãǰ㣬ħҲǣƣԸἺΪˣĴ塣
ǣһΪκ֮ǰȿԼ
ڷҲʮ𼱵ľʱ̣ǵ˵ЩӰʯóá
ƣôˣ˵ɫ𽥱Щѿ
ûм˵ոյĻ⣬ǿһССʱ˸֪ʱ䣬һжƽˡƽ˸֪ʱš
壺ǽˣ
üʱɣ
оûãǽĴ˿Ȼֳ˵㶫Ͱ˵˵
ֻô£ܻʱأ
Ҵĸˡ
סǵڹʱġ
Ͻ˿ԼģԼĸҲҪˣ𾪲ѣô£
ʱţǸоҲǸողŷʳ⣬ҲϡͿƽ͡
ֻյĸǿ϶ġҼǵ׼˺ܶɣ
ͷµˡʦҲ׼˺ܶ࣬Ҳһµ
˵ֱ꣬ˣʦ֣ĸ𣿡
ȻУһ·϶ûզԹ
򿪴ܿɫֱӱˡ
ʦ֣忴ͻɫѾĴҲȱˡ
վô£ҵʳأ
˵ӺҲ˿ԼĴҵҲûˣҵıٹȵˡ
˶ðૣҵʳﶼԵòˡ
ˣǱ͵𣿾ȻԼԵģ
ЦǼ˭͵ʳʳڴУС͵б´ǸԵĴֻʳŹЩ鵤ҩ
⻰˵޷
£Ψһӡ
ԱߣƣǲѾˣ
ѷˡ
ʲô˷Ӧǿң·ҪյĲǷ񣬶ҪյǵĸƵġ
ˣķӦ΢Ҫһ㣬ͬкܶȰ˵
ӺӼΪˣ˴壬ôǷҪˣҶĳһӦ
˿аܹ޹ģʴķôأҲӦ
Ƕˣ䵽ϡ
ҧҧ⣬ǲġ
ʹ࣬·ҷ񣬶ҪʬƵġ


72 
У㲻ٷ񣡡
Ӻס
, ȻӺʵѲĿǰԶλΪʦͽ޶ϱȽ鷳, ޷Ʒ, ֻһ־Ǿɱ˳׽
ϾǼɱеķĺͣԽս
ǶӺǵ, ֻڻþбƻ˵ʿǿǵͬ顣
ͷ˵㲻ҷԣҪס
ʹļףܵĲȥԸ, ִӹԷӵľηʯľϵ¡
ǰҪˣƵĻҲܲ
Ժ˼ͣ, еͷʹѣϵı˿Ŷֱ۵˿Ƕô
Щ֣
ּ뷨ĶԿó˶Ӻǰ
ô£֪Ҫٷ㲻ΪŰ
ҧ⣬ʹ˶ݵǡ
ǲ, ýֶڲ, Ҳκֺ
ԡεѣԲסˡԼһ˿ѡΪǿ
ӺȻĶ, ڶӺҪܵʱ, ͻȻ˹
壬侲һ, Ҫ𻵷㲻ܱӦ𣿷ӽ̻ˣȱΪ˴еķôı٣
һοʼ
ֱһֻϤСļϴ˹ȥӻ˵˶޷ú˵ˡ
忴˱СƷˣѹΪǸСϵͳĻ
ϵͳǰ
Ѻҩģɳ鲼
ˣ
ͷѾµϡ
ЦȻˣͿЩæ˵Ķˡ
ֱˣһݡ
ֹ̧ơ
ţۣȤĴĪǻԺţ
ͻȻóӡȻһﺦ˵ĶǾķŵɡ
Ҳ·Ρ
ԣȥҷͷӷ̨
彫ӡеһ޺˳
޺ԺһţϷԺϽⱩǡ
屾ܵĸоΣգǴԱˡ
˺ͶӺҲСצҲקˡ
ʣλѾʿڷǰ巢Ժ󣬵һʱżٷǸ˸˷ǰ
޺ϵģһŭŶ˳ұۣƼ֮ƣֱȥ
ڴ˿̷΢ĺǽŵֿȻɣҲڽѡ
ϣǷ˲顣
ֵĺд󺧣ҵҺûðȥ٣ܲһ㡣
˻ָǣǺ˵Ķˣµظûбƻ󣬷ǶҪˡ
˵ͷǸӻӢӵС꣬Ҳ˿֣Сϲý
ϾСǾĶ
Слˡ˴Ӵóһö鵤ιСꡣ
ϵͳֱӸ˳
ֲС꣬óЩЩɵһɹζȻЧȷʵһ㶼鵤ҩԭ֭ԭζһɿɬĲҩζſǻһһ㵤ҪŶ
ϵͳмȥԡ
ʦ֣æѾָˣȥչǸʿ
ӺźģʮֱʹΪҲģȴ⸱ز
εѡૣҪοȴ֪οڡ
ǰƻʦ֣ΪԼԵʶ÷񲣬ػȶӺӱʹ
û¡ӺܾİοĬĬߵλߣһϲӣöѹ
ҵͷ¹ڡ
Щ˸˵Ķȥ̾˿
Ѱʵõ£
һ·жߵ֮أ
ʲô
ҹĻ٣Ŀ۶ϣ֦ȼ˲
ڻԱߣȴòκλӦ
ʵƣһҲ⡣㡭
ס죬Ļ˵ʹ˶ˣҲ¡
ⷬСƵĻͻȻЦˡ
һЩˣ
ͷƣлл㡣
лûаﵽ㡣ӴóһЩٹȵһЩɡһЩɢ˵ӿտԴտգԱ׵Ĳȣ׺˼롣
Цˣ⻰ÿ޵ʿ֪ˣҪѪֹ
ǵ£ֲǿޡЩ԰ɡԽݵӣҪһЩ⣬Ҳûˡ
һٹȵһϢо࣬ǰǳصıҲ滺һЩ
ĻˣǻҪβܳȥ
֪ʮľţ˶һ۶ิӵľأһڡοΪΪˡ֮ת˹ֻءڴ˴ڱ𴦲޲𡣡
ͻȻ뵽ǰԼΪ˾˶ⱲΪѺҩĶ
ͻȻЦΪ˲޶źֻϧЩҩû͵Ǹȥĵط
ţ𽥷ɣǴ˿̱Ǳ
ţԺͻȻ˵ͳڶߣ಻ʴڷȫһԴȥ
岢ңΪָоºƽ׵׽סԺлţ·𿴵ǰʦЦݣǱ֮ˣǰʱĳ
ˣ
һϤۣһԲ£ȼκʱ򿴵ҪԲࡣ
ҪԼ嶯ˣӶ޷ת
ź˵ˣḩ̽˹Ҳɹ˵ģ
Ҷ
ȱ˵ιЩˮ
һˮɤԺÿڷɳеͳ
Ҷѣںδôˣҵںδ
ҶѰЦȾһЩ¶ȡ
ô⣬Ȼһã
϶ЩѪɫؿڣҶѣҵأ
ءҶѰָ̧˹ȥڻУǵһѹġǡˣҽ㼸ھתһ
ӻЩԺֻǵõԼڻɳ鲼СͰ죬˵˵ž˯ˡ
û뵽һʹӻþгˡ
ҶѰ˵ĿھԼ˹壬ֱܹˣŷ
ҶѡԻԺҶѰֳ飬žƺ̾Ҷѿ޾Ʋ֡
ҶѰ꼲׽ͶĴߣ˹Цʵɻﲻʣ
ޡҡͷԼһɨͿˡ
ԭԱ߻ŴһŰƵ棬ȥ£һ㱡һŴľƴҷ˶ӺλĵѣűҲѹϡ
ֵͷ˿Լ·Ҳˣ̧ͷ첲ɫͻȻǺ
ŵ㣬Ҷϵζ
ҵģս޴µġ
ҶѰ꼿Ķڽš
֣ҲֻЩԾҶһ
šҶѰţһ䣬ϴˡ


73 
, 㡭ңϴˣ
ʲô𣿡ҶѰ꼷еľƺֽҽ鷭һҳ
ʵǹƵ, һԼСĸо
ҡҡͷ, û⡣
оΪλҪ²ϴô鷳أ
Ҳû, ƵСľԱߣһڻе
Ѻʱѹ
ҶѰ̧ɨһۣҪʱͻԼħ
ħҶѰԱ£ѯʵ֮ԻǸþ, Ϊħ
ҲҶѰ꼽ҽݸ̶ּ̼Ƭսԡ
忴Ժʧɫţս
ħۼڴˣɱ¾֮δֹͣħսʤ, ӵһħ֮սһֱΪ޷֮óȻսȻܵӰ졣
ҶѰ꼵Ľͣǽ˻þܵطӰ죬Լħסˡ
ܹ֮, Ϊҵħˣ̧Լ, Ҳδͬк𡣡
ûǾõĽҶѰ꼸һ裬Ƶǰ, б仯, ֻ˵ħδ
ħҡ
ҶѰִ̧Ļ, ʾȺȲ衣
ЩĪĵһɺǿҵĸоΪҶѰ꼲ƭӺԼԹԶյȲ衣
һȴʱǰһЩζۺС
ϲ𣿡ҶѰ
ͷܲϲ
ҶѰ꼴ӽӿռóһݸȥȰɡ
ֻ÷һյ¼ԺĪһĸоԱ֮ǰ̥ǵĸо
ȻĹ衣ովսĻϮյϴۻٺòˡ
ϵͳȴûпСӰʱҶѰ꼷С
ʲô
ҵĺꡣ˵꣬㿴ҶѰ꼿طЦ
еһĪ
ȻһҶѰ꼱ƾսһֻ׺˳
СĻϲҵĺ꣬Ҷѽŵ˶
ӿռ䡣
סĿǰֻǽӴռ䣬ҴռڴǴ֮ķϡ
ܹӿռ䣬Ĵܡ
һֱ۵ĸܵҶѰ֮Ĳ࣬ҶһܵļӶûУŴΰö
ҶΪʲô
Щʲôüͷ嵽һȥˣ̫ÿҶѰ裬̬ţС̬Цˡ
ҶѰ꼣ʲôģֱʣҲʡ˼롣ҹ¡
һȤЦ΢΢̣ҹ¡
ҶѰ꼶ֱ׵˵ˣͲˣԼɻ˳
ΪҪãҶѰоЦ⣬ڻشʱȴ棬Ϊ㵽֮ԵҲǰҵСӰˡ

һ˲̶ϵվҶѣ㡭ĪЦ
ҶѰָ΢㿴ϵһǳǳ˿˿һ˲ҶѰʤѩϣǳǳһߺ죬Ŀҫۡ
屻˾Ŀɿڴ
㱳ʱҶѰЦʵˣ
ң⡭ӻ£յ֮Եߣ
ҶѰҡͷûǰʧǣ֪ʱҲЩȣܿ¡
Ͼ̫ã̫࣬ССԵ߰ˣϵκ֡
ȻԣЩ췽ҹ̷ˡ
ϾǰҶѰ꼣ǿΪߵˣͷһΪݣҶѰ綼Ƕǿߡ
ǿߣȻһԵϵϡ
뵽⣬һ٣ΪԵ
ûǴĻոҶ˵Եɣһξ㹻ˣȻΣ
̵ҶѰ꼶ʲôֻĪԵҶѰҲЩŹ֡
ֻԼҲûŪ飬ǲ͡
˰ɡҶѰ꼺˵š
ĬҶѰЦЦؿʱ建ڣҲδн뷨
ΪΣ
Ҷ˵Ѿеˡ
ҶѰͷ˵ˡ
ˣҲٺͱһ𡣡ûаԥ˵仰
ҶѰͻȻɫ˼ǣԸһҲԸһ𣿡
û˵
ҶѰɫѿڱһ㣬֪˭𣿾ܾңⱲڵľ
ЩܾǸе£ǺһȤҶѣȻáĸо
ʵȵˡ
ȻֱҶѰЦһۣԼֱ˶Ȥˡ
˿
ҶѰָ˱裬ЦôΪҪǿȡˣ
ЩΣҶʵ̫ϲˡ
ȲʱȫȻûע⵽ŵͻȻµ
ҶѣԵߣа취ˣ²յ
ҶѰЦʣôǣ
ᶯ˶ǸҲ
壺ˣֻû⣬ϵδⲻס
ҵĶһҶѰѵ¶һͱ˵ļơ
ʧЦһΪ£һ
ҶѰǵһβԵˣʵĵ׻ЩӲš
޷еαһڣ˰⾰˵Դ󷨷ʤǧˡ㿴Լ𣿡
Ȼ̧ҶѰףʣҶ𣿡
šҶѰ꼵ͷҺιύƾ𣿡
ҶѰЦüΪ⣬ĵݴݵ̬ССߣסҡ
ҶѰǰٴηܶʶ̧ۿҶѰǳ˵ΪֵҶѰǰ޷ƽĴ¡
峹׷ԺҶѰ˵һĿһĻ
ȻӰ첻ңҺ֪Ϊ˰š
˼һ²⻰˼ŵؿҶѰ꼣Ҷѣ㡭
Ҫ𣿡ҶѰ̹ϡ
ҪڣȴҶѰ꼴ϣ֮ǰһм仰Ҫ˵𸴡
岻֪˵ʲôҶѰ꼵̬ȹ棬ҲøӶ
ȻҶѰ˵Ļһһ䶼循֣Ժ޷˼ˡ
Ҳޣħ塣
ħޣħ塣
ŵվҶѰηɣǶ̩Ȼ
棿߲ţǴɤＷ֡
ҶѰ꼵ͷ档
ȥ޵ܿͷħӡǱˡ
ֻϧ岢ûмڶֻħ壬Էֱ治ħӡ֮
ֻӴŨħеһϢ
ҶѰֻԼʵģųһħ֤ʵԼݣҪħвչʾɿ
޷Լǰһλǿħ塣
ӿհ׹һ졣
ڶ£ϵħѾѹơڲ֮䣬ҵħԾ¶
ħħǲбɱ¾
ҶѰѹԼħԣԼΪ֮
Ȼ򣬹ֲҶѰ꼸ĸоǰ͵ģΪѹħԣһЩħûܿ˷޶ԣҶѰϵ׺ࡣ
Ȼʼħʶϵʼìܡ
ҲʱҶѰϸ֪Υ͸еԭ
ֻ£ú˵ҶѰЦڣٺú롣
ܾҲûйϵֻûðˣֻǵԵδʼ
ţޡ
ΪˣҲҪһδʼ֮ǰ̹
Ĵʲô㶼Ȩ֪ͬǣߵң˭
Щң֪һܾġΪʲô
ҶѰֻĴЦ⣬Ŀº͵ע
һУôһ˲䣬㱾֮иġ


74 
ҶѰ˵ȫ, Ĭƽ˼Щݡ
̧ͷҶѰ꼵ʱ򣬷ҶѰ꼲ûһ˿һᵣǵ, 򶨵ƶһӦƵġ
ͷСľڳ˯
ҶѰɫչ, üۼЦ㻹ʲôʵģ
ħ, ֪֮𣿡֮ǰҪȥħİ취
ɢΣķ㣬ҲҪһ
㲻ƭ㣿ҶѰ
ҡͷҶѡ
Ҷƺ, δ̫ԶˡҵĽ飬ˡ
ҶѰ꼵ĻԥŻѰ꼣
һЦ
ҶѰ꼵ħȷʵоķӡҪ, Ψְ취һۻ꣬ᡣ
᲻ɡԣаǰ֪ˣҲԸġ
ҶѰɨǳ˯е, ЦҲѰζ
ǿɲһ, ҪСһͷľ񡣲ÿ˶ܺһ֮⡣
巴Ҳ֮ˡҲ
ҶѰҡͷȻ, Ĺ
ҲȺ˵ħսӰ, ⲻ֪λսԺյĴ󽫾Ҳɱ
ۻôûм£Ҫ֪κ
ҶѰ꼲, ̹Ȼۻ꣬˼ǽԭɢĻ¾ۺϡ
һɲõͷ
ҶѰ꼽ȫ˵Ȼʧ
ЦȻ֪ЩֻǺδȥѰҷɢĻǣߣǻѾתָΣ
ɱת֮ˣǴᣬ¾ۺϣٸԹ֮ڱ
û˵
ҶѰȴ˼˵˳㲻ɱת֮ˣ
ת֮һµˣӵһµܶ޹֮˶֣üҲֹû취Ӧǰȥ˼ѰҪԭ
ԸԼȥħһûбķӣҲȥɱһ޹֮Ϊ
ҶѰ꼿ΪѣͻȻЦʱҲһ¡
ǰ̾Ϣ
̫ˣΪ˱˺ˣʶԼ
һְ취ҶѰ촽öػӿ
ӿ
ҶѰ꼣ƽ֮ħɱħȡħڵħԴɱ
֪ħħ壬ħԱ𣬲˻Լħ塣
ħӦǻĴˣħȴؼΪĴڡ
һìܵں塣
û˵ɱħԶѣ˵ȥɱħˡ
ѰĪڸ˵ЦסҪһ۵ĳ嶯
ҶѰʧЦˣ⻰ȷڶȤ㲻һнħһ
üͷԼ˫֣֮ǰ޷ʹãи˸ɱΪǿħ
ҿûƭ㡣ҶѰóһö򽻸ֵԴӲڳԺħ彥ƴɲҪĽõĽµħ֮սֻῪʼʱΪ޽Σ
岻
ҶѰ˵Ϳ̿ʬɽѪĿ֮ħŰ
̬˷չһϣ˱ƾֵĹؼ
磬Ѱ˵ұǸ֮ˣ
ҶѰЦң˽⵽ϢħѾ㵽ĴڣһǰѲ飬һټĽ
ͻȻ֪һͷܿ޲ʱ䵽Ĳϡ
ú£ʱ鵽㡣
ҶѰƶ˵Ļؿڰң
šǰ㣬ϾҵӦϣǳˣҿҲ޷ɹ٣Ե
ⷬԷһЩҶѰԵɵıӻŲ֪Ǻá
ϲǷ±ʲôǿüŵĶǻãһܻȥֶͷ۵ġ
㲻µħ𣿡
ҶѰһν˽ħ壬ħηġǵ׶εħ»ûҸе־Ķ֡
ķԣǿߵɺ顣
ҶѰ˵Ļϸϸĥ󾪳һ亹ѹţɱħ𣿡
ҶѰЦ
岻ЦʲôҶѰڵͷ
ΪҶѰͬĻһ˿пԭħҲȨ鷢
ԣҶѰҪչһ䣬ɱħȡ֮
ʵ£ҪҰæɱħ𣬿ֻͷķݡԳЦ˵ǵҳɳҲ˵ܲԸɳǸزҿԣҲҪǧꡣϾǿħ𰡡
вûжǿߵĿ־壬ǿ߱оη
Ұ㣬κ˶Ҫɳø졣ҶѰ꼻˻ǣźڲš
û˵
ҶѰҲƵ̫˵Ѿ˽磬ǴܰȫˣѾɢ˵ʿˡҲ׵㲻õǡ
߸ƶ
ҶѰ꼼뿪֮ǰţ²Ҫ뿪ӣǶˣ㽫ϵˤ飬ȻӦʱǰ˴㡣
Ҫߣ
ҿɲרġҶѰָŽűߴҩֲĴ䣬Ϊ
ҩȣһҽħսȻҪһ
ҶѰ˵Ǵ뿪
֪ΪԼܾĵɢЩ֡
ȥϸ뵽ҶѰ꼵Ƿ
һħȴڿҿΪް¡
ҶѰ꼵Ǻ⣿
뿪СľݵҶѰ꼣սԼĽӿռ󣬻ǰСüĿ佥Ⱦᡣ
˱֮κһλ߶Ҫͬ
ʱνߣٵǰĴУÿһеޱʧ
ΨһǲͬģȴֵùڹŰЩ
ҶѰʧЦȤ𣿡
˻شΨսϴĴѪȵȷ磬ڻӦȤζ
Сţ֪ȥãذľϿ֣һһա
ֱľһǽ϶ˣҲལһ㣬žʱš
㱾ԼһػþҶѰ꼵Ƿ̸Լ롣
ֱ˹
һЩԼʵʵС
ģ󻷹ܣԱߣ㰲
û˵ҶѰ꼣ֻ˵һλˣǶ
ħս޺ħħĦֹȥܻ¡˱ˮϢʦǶѹˣ˻뿪
ĻӲɡ
ǸóȻֵĺˣΣѾʼ²ν˵˭ΪʲôǣﵽΪǺãĿġ
ƣôˡȺúϢɡ忴óǣ޷ҶѰ꼽ͣʵҲͲ塣
ϾҶѰ꼵ıħ尡
ЩˮʼڴȴϢ
ת˼СԺͻȻ˫ۣŵһֱһ
ôˣѾȥ鿴ˡ
֣ܿǱץס󣬡ô䣿
循ȣĸ첲첲Ҳ䣬ϵ¶Ҳܵ𣿡
ûйðֻ
ȥˣֻܵͷ
ǲǣš
û˵ȻʵѾǰˣǲϣҲ޷
ֻһһнϯ
Ϊкܶʱ䣬û뵽ƵĻѾʼ˥ˡ
Źȥ˶ã
̧ͷǽذµĿ̺۶ʧˣֻȼʡ
ȻԱߣϹǵ
ץס̽˹ȥļ峤һ
ԭجһ
Цû¾ͺãû¾ͺá
ԺЦţجˣ
šجΡͷ͵̫Ѩôˣ
֪Ϳ˯Ϊ㻹ڻԣ鿴һŷ˯ˡ


75 
ȥ, Դֽӹˮ
Ժ󣬱ŴӴˡ
ǳȥô⿴, ȴԼ޷߳Ժ, ԺĻס޷뿪粽
彫ҶѰ뿪ǰͬ˵Ļ֪
Ļ, ٴλصԺûٿ˵ģвϼƽǸ˭
ðһ֪ˡ
ߣǸʱûҶ, ҲûʶĴˡ
Ȼ֮˵˹Ժ㰴Լϵˤˡ
˸ѾͱǷʸ˵ڵأӺѰѺĵҽʦ˵ˣŵøϽȥæ
˵ͷ޶ס, ۵ĹֽУȥæ˾һ
ҶѰʱ򿴵һĻһƵ̩ȻϣЩ仯
һҶѰЦʡ
Ҳ֪ԼʲôĪͱ˿ס󻹱ѹ˵, ƻ, 뿪ǻҵս
ͷ̧ΪȴҶѰһ
ǶˡλʵڻþʧԼ, ڷ衣, ֪ܾܲȺá
ƾĿǰҽ޷ҽεġ
ҶؼϵһЩأȻǹƶֵļ, ΰ˱裬û˵ΰѷ˵˱á
¼򵥣ҾͺáҶѰģסԺҶѰ꼱㿪һҩӣձˡ
Ӻ˫ҩԿ˼ԺҶѰ꼵ллǰȣǰõӺĵطӺǡ
ҽߣҵıְعһ
ҶѰⲻƻرӣöӺˣԽжͬʱŽлᣬضȥġ
һֱڰй۲ҶѰ꼣֪ҶѰ꼵ݣȫǰŮ˾Ȼħ塣
ôˣǴ̽Ŀ⣬ҶѰ꼺һһɹֵ׺͸޲ʲôԡ
ֻϲˣǿĽǿЩᡣ
ܾ˹ڽྻǺǽȻͬĸоλҶĴһиܶα
ȴ٣Ǳ˹ƶƵģһ˼ҶǸˡ
æҡͷԼ¶¶ҶѰ꼵ݡ
ҶѰ꼱¶ݺΣգ²Сĵ֪ʵݵ˻ᱻҶѰ꼴
ҶѰƮƮؿһۣûˣȻԷҲû˵ʲôܲס顣
ҶѰҲǸҩͲܲˣ˵㷨ӽʿ
ûг׺֮ǰҽѹȥ񲻹꺢ͯ㣬ǺչžǡҶѰͬһϸҽߡ
ʰԺ󣬶Ӻ˿лλǰ
ҶѰûֻǶħǧħ֯һ߽滹ܻңҪȥҩȵĴҽ󣬻ȥɢפأ
Ϊ𾪲ѣҶѰ꼵ʻһƬհ׵Ŀ˹ȥ
üǲʣ޽ôôࣿ
ڲԼʵ֮ǰǽԼޣȻ޵޶ٸˣͬһӪͬرݸС
ҶѰЦ⣬ֻĪ
ͬ£뵽֮ǰֹؿջĿ죬Ϊħ޵ʵ⣬ټ˫й⣬ԼҪü޲ܴһͬȼħޣħĻǴʿǰѹ󣬷޺ѻʤ
ҶѰ꼣ͬϣܸһ͡
ҶѰЦ˼ֵ˵ħһѹħﱾԵԺħ￪ʼŰӣħɭӳԺ󣬿ʼΧսħܵӰ졣
ؿħܵħӰ죬ΪʲôҪ֯޵Ľ
Ҳܺ棬ҶѰ꼿ʼΪǽ
ħ壬ûܹħŨħħҲܵһЩӰ죬òбɱ¾Ը޳ƫִЩԭޣħĽȾϱħޣ֮ͨҪǿࡣ
ħǴ޻а޶ɣֻħΧд˵Ϊħ⣬ЩʿʵʲȻħǿţҲ޷ħ򸹵أܿڵħɭֵıԵͱŨħǣΪħɭеλꡣ
ħ޴ħɭӳԺ󣬶ħ޵˺ܴħħԵ޷棬ֻ취չԼĵ̣޷Ψһ;
ҶѰ꼵Ļ˶ԼͬĳĬ
ҶѰЦˣҸ˵Ķ˵ˡǿôˣҪ뿪ȥɢˣ
˵ˢˢ壬ڵø⡣
룬ȥɢ˰ɡ
ΪʲôȥɢˣΪ潫һ˶ɢˣɢǴǰĵһվ㡣
ɢפԺһλԪӤʿżʿһͬǰӴǡ
ϱԪӤʿʵ̫ˣȲñôһԪӤʿҲСӵĶӳˡ
ǼʿǺΪһԪӤ
ȻСӣսֻ²㡣
ˣѾΪǰסλϢ˶ָˣǻ뿪
£ѾˣϾٶ꣬ÿһʱͻйҩĹÿζҪһ¡
ͨԪӤĽ̸廹õ֪һ£ͬһʱԽ࣬ܵսɱ¾֮ӰԽС
ҲΪʲôҪΪǰҪԭ
ҹϢʱڴշת࣬һ·ȥÿ˷š
ҶѰ崩õһݸ
ôʱˣҶѰϷһҽһƺһСƱ
Ժóߺ͸㡣
ºҶѰ꼣ÿμ㣬ƺƣΪΣ
úȡ
ֻΪ
ȻأĪΪֻȾ
ʶӣȷʵԶ²
ҶѰ꼿ӱ֪Լ˵ˣ̶ʧЦЩƶһλģһƬ⣬ǹˣ
ȻҲ˵ƵپۡгһһܻȥҲһʹʹĳ
ҶѰ꼶Ķָƣһڣ֪˵˭
û׷ʣֻȡƱΪ嵹һ
ҶѰЦľʹ쳩Щѡھһ
忴ҶѰ꼵ľƣŽԼһ
ƶͣҵġҶѰ꼽ţСڵȥ˳
ҶѰ꼵ע˲糺ЦȻúȡ
ϲáҶѰȡһ̳ȡ
ⲻã˸ģҳһɡæܾȴҶѰӲ˴
оԼˣǲĿҶѰ꼣ΪΡ
ΪߡҶѰ꼶˶󣬡ܴĴ
岻𾪡
һξҶѰǰ˽ûˡ
ܴ𣿡Щ档
ҶѰʧЦܡ
ΪΣȷʵЩˣ˵Ļûо˼ֻԺðʲô˵˳
ҶѰ꼷סػεӣպţΪδܽԸһԣ
ʪӣؿҶѰ꼣д崻еӣһʱû취ҶѰ꼵Ļ
ҶѰ꼼еıﶼġҲǡ


76 
һξܾҶѰ꼡
ҶѰҲ, ЦЦض˵һ죬Ӧġ
Ϊһ죬Ϊδٳɻ, ûгһջħһ
ȻҶѰ꼲ͬħ, ʼħ
ֻһúܿ죬ҲͻȻ
ͻȻ赹, ȥҩȵҽΪƣҽ̾
ǰҲ֢֮ҽ޿һСкҲֻ߰, һ̬
ᵤ֮ʱʲôģòҲᱣǸ״ֱ̬˻ڿ÷֮塣
λҽ񲻹ԪӤڣѾ߰ٶ, ҲһС޵ģ
ǰûа취𣿡忴ڲϻԲѵ˵ĵʲôζ
СľεһĻΪԶû뵽ߡ
ҽҡͷ̾˿ûа취, 
ǰ
ն
̧ͷ, еľˣҽÿնܼģȻϰ, ȴһֱľ, ҲᲽҽ
ҽ޵Ϻ壬˵֮Ϊҵһ֮, ٸҩꡣɢٶȿӻ
ӻ廹ЩʧֻӻǾ˵һ컹ǻŵġ
ҽ޵ͷֻ֪취ҩǰιн飬˷űҩ֪Ϻǲ̫ޣִǰ²ѡ
зܽ⣿ʡ
СǰӣħһֻӵܣѰħ㡭
ҽ˵꣬ԼЦˣħײУ޳㣿ߡħһ߱ɱΪλˣʵڹŹ֡
ͻȻ뵽ֹмǸˡ
֪ΪΣһֺǿҵĸоռˣӦҽǰ˵ӵܡ
Ǹˣ᲻òһ
ţԺϵͳҲûǮǸ˰

ǰ̫ˣ
ԲҪˣûǸ˲Ĵ
ڸô죿忴ŻԵιһЩҺƣҸô죿
ҽ˳ȥ
Աһһҹڶϣ򿪷ȥڽˡ
Ҳݣƺûкùһ죬¾ǳˣһ·ûһƽ
壬СˣΪҽޣСҲ˽ģûˡ
壺Ҵȥһ壬֮Եǰңа취Ի֢
壿üͷ岻ޣλ㣿˵ˣܾ֢֮ķӿ϶򵥣㼴ȥˣΪΰ㣿
ܽΣҶҪȥһԡѾ˾ǵɽҲҪһֻҲڵʱ䣬ϣʦְչ˺ðơ
Ӧġ˱˵һȥϾԼôħˣʵڲпԱ¶ݣֱӴӳ塣
һɣǩͬЭ飬ʱվһߡ
ӿħ޵ĵؽ磬вٺħȾΪħޣȽƫħ塣
ħ岻ϲˮȥɱ¾ֻ޽磬Ϻ塣
޲һϴǿɹеıȻ󲿷񷨣ᶯЩ˼޽Ҳ٣а޻
ʶΪЩа޵Ϊ޽綼ܲϲ
ȥˡʰ˵㶫ؽűˮ飬ԵĶ뿪
ʿ֪Ҫȥ
뽻̸һʿɫŹֵ뿪ˡ
ʧЦ˶Ϊȥȥ޻صһ·ˡ
彫ˮ鴮ϣʿʮϧĿ£ӼװһԾ¡
ˮĸоܲܣ˰ʱҲӦָо
֪Լ˶ãһʼֻǲϵ³ȵһԺȡ˻޵ڵ
޲󲹣Ѫҩڵˮз⣬ˮĺ
Һܱˣ˺ܶࡣ
һʱ䣬ͻȻȺܼϸ壬ϻзĵ̡
ʶҪܿԶԶ޴ĺ˹
ܴǷ½ϣһֻ¾ܸǵһС䡣
һֻ޴İצ㣬ª죬ʮҷֲ۾۾һСô
ʮ޼ɵչϵѾ˲˺
ȵԽԽʱѾ޷ˡ
ͷϵΪֵ15W
岻ҺǺϣóӡ޺һ˳
޺·һͷȺС
Ⱥ̫࣬üζЩȺΧˣ޺ǳǿ
ڵĵȼֻжֻܿƷӡһӣһӽҪָܻ
æгһĵ̸ˣϵͳĻɵöŭˣ£Ϊʲôǰ˵
ϵͳҲǸոյ֪ΪϵͳĲƣ鷳ϵͳṩһǧΪ
Ρַ+1000
ߣ
ȼ2
֣13505+1000
һǧ֣˺ܶࡣ
ȺΧסɻķΧԽԽ١
񷢷Уÿɱһڤ㣬+1
죬ɱپжٻ֡
ҧҧó˿Ϊʲô˵
ӡѾ˼ˣɱڤûһҲаǧ
ǸǸո´ġ
ûеȵ֣ҲͲټˡ
һɨһƬȺ
֮ĴģˮҲԲǺ鷳ҲٶȱȲȥģҲǸոҪʵԭ
ȺһƬƬԺﲻϸֵĻ+1㲻ٿˡ
ٻ֣ϵͳ̳һƿ鵤Ժ
岻ǵԼ˶ٴο޺̻صӡʱٵȺвԽԽ󣬶ȻĺҲΧȺΧ
֮ǰ屻ȺסںΧȺʱ巶ΧڻҵȺеõһ˿ӻ
ЩȺĿǰȻϡ
񷢲ÿɱһֻ+1W
ʱƣ졣ʱʼ
屾Ⱥ׬һʻֺ͵͵뿪ϵͳ
սֻ˶̶һ˲¶ҪһƱġ
Ȼ¶ԺоԼľƺɶˡ
ûͻƽ磬ϵͳһжٻ֣
С
֣34782
һǧʣµȫתΪսԽԽʢֳֿȺΧ˹ȥ
ҪϺһ̣ϵͳָתΪ
һ˲䣬ڸܵӴΪԼʱͻȻԼǰɶľ磬漴ס
ô׽٣
ϵͳе죬ϵͳṩΪ׽ٵġ
ЦˣҵĽᵤ׽١
ڲһˣΪͻȻǵԪӤڣµ׽ֻǿ
ԼΪģΪסףڲһ
Ѿ˺ĸֻôϢܱĴָס
Ȼôһתʱ䣬֮Σֱ
忴ͷϺȻĺ˿
ֻǽᵤһʮŵףǵһ
ԼΪʲôͱˣǺôǻڵĺڱһ׾͸
Ǽܲסʮ׶ϡ
һֻԺ編ƶ㵽˵ڶֻߡ
Ȼȴˡ
Լͬˣ˷Ҫȥɱ塣
ƺѾһС
ΧȺڵһ׽ԺɢӴˣû˻ȺΪڵ޴ɶ㡣
ԪӤڣȻֻǳڣѾøǿˡ
һ£˼ٷ뿪󷨵ķΧ
ϵһ̣彫ֶ
ڿϣӵۡ
Ŵ˵ֱֻ
ʣһֻˣֻʮֻ۾һ뿴壬ƺҪμģԺ󱨳
ߣѾѪοѾǿɵеĺߵĻ֡
صУſϲ֮첲ڷ顣
ȻӴ֮ͻȻһ˼
ȡҶѰ꼸ڤԨʣӴܵغͻȻЦһûԹջԡ
ջΪҪܸߣˣֻϧʵһֱ΢첻һˡ
֣׽в֮
ҪԪӤΪˡ
Ʒȥ
岻֪ʲôֻǴȥԺǺֱˡ
ʱ£彫˹ȥֱӱ
Ķܴϵͳúǵġ
ȴһǧ֣ʣµȫΪ
ɱ˺ٻΪһԾԪӤкڡ
Ϊڿ־Щס
ڤԨʺͿֱӭһס
״ԺоԼ̥ǵı仯
֮ɶĸо
׾Ȼ档졣
׽٣˫ϲɹΪԪӤڡϵͳҲˡǷΪϵͳ
ǡ
ϵͳȥ˿ϵɱȺĵʱСʱ
ſȥˡ


77 
һ, ޲ʱӳһ㡣
ֻϧܿ͹ȥˡ
жٻˣϵͳ
ϵͳڼسС
ֹƣ57861
Ļ֡˿ȡӡ, ҪЩȥˡ
ƻڵء
˳ŷӡ޺µ·, ܿĴ·Χ
һμʹ÷ӡġ
ϵͳʾ𾪣ûеͼͷʱ, Ȼ÷ӡ˹
Ҳֻôİ취ˡ
һֻʮ޺ҲǺܴ󣬲ܹǰŲǰ·ΣգܹԼľ, ʵһٶõĺð취
ЦЦû˵һֱǸ鷳ˣΪ˱鷳Ըǰڶ໨ȥ̵Ų顣
ֻΪ֮ǰʵ, زˡ
ԶԶ˴źϺзѲߣ֪ԼԵطˡ
ĵҵˣôȥˣأ
ϵͳ̳ħŮ߻𣿡ͻȻ뵽֮ǰϵͳ̳ǿһ, ԺԶݵԻ, Լеģ
һǳõαװߡ
ڵġҪ𣿡
ֹ𣿡
ħŮǧ֣Ƿ򣿡
ǡԼ⼸ڴ, ûֵʱҲٿٿˡ
ɹ, ϶һɫߡ
˴׾ûˣǷǳǳͨһ, ֻ۾˿ס
Ժ߾ƤƵϣܿоǸߺںϵһ
ȡý˿Լ෢˺ܴı仯ϾͿԿһа˶͸߱ɱ
ܹ֤ħݵģ۵ĵط˺ɫħƣħɢ
Ҳ仯ˡ
ϵͳ֪ͨ£оЩ
㳤һСĳûë
ħ嶼ĳ򣿡ŤͷҪȥȴ޷Լ
ǣ㱾ӡгһħˣ仯ֻܱ仯òòı϶ݵҡгħ壬ǵĳ򶼺ܴ󣬲ġ
ЩҲûȥϸЩ޹ؽҪ顣
ͻȻһ뿴ҷˣʲô
ϵڷȣһоеĸоʶȥһоָзǳ
ÿ˿⡭Ҳûб仯
ƽʱûκβ𣬾üĶһڻĻ䣬ɫŽ⡣
֮ûбı仯ˡ
ˣ
²ϵͳĳʲôԼܿˡ
Ϊˣƺֱܹӷˡ
Ǵ׵ʥϾ
͸Լϸֳ̬֮Ƕ
˱ˣݵĸоܴпĿ֮һбİ⡣
˸Ȼ߰ħ̬
һˡ
û˵ԼôһˣѵԺĻᷢ˷츲صı仯
ʱˣҪȥˡϵͳС꣬Ȼһöˮ顣
ѷӡ﷢⣬÷ӡȥҡ
ϵͳйҪֵġ
ֱӿۡѵôһΡ
ϵͳҲ˵ĴӦˣ֪ǰٿѵӶǼϸƤȫõˡ
ĳ֣ܿѲ⡣
ֳΧס
ϵħǲûΪ壬ţ˭ʲôƣ
ʮֵĽӦЩˣǸ˵ʻǳϿҵ˵ħһλħ壬ԡΪ³ͻȻҪѰİֻˡʶûƣͨһ
ͷӵ棬ΧһȦ
ħ壿
ǡԼ⸱ģӦò¶ڰ
ͻȻЦǸһħ塣ϲ㣬ɣҴȥҰ
岻ԣΪʲôӦ
Ǹ˼Ѳߣ뿪·壺ʲôˣ
ѣҵһλѡ
֡ħ廹ѣ˺ܷѽ⣬Ҽħ壬㡭
ʻѷ֪ݣļ򣬡ƢãҪħѬˣҶħ塣
ԼΪʲôħˡ
̫ºˡ
ħԲбԿأʵǲħ塣
Ҳûмħ壬ҶѰ꼣ֻΪħ˵ˡ
˲ħ壬ħ޶ǣҲܺãº͡
ҶѰħ壬ܹѹħԣѰʿҪ༸ԣȻҲֱɱꡣ
һ·ӦԵķӣҲ뷢跨Ķλ׻
֪λ٣лλֺһ龫ֵСá
ǼĵλͣĳϣĸҵĹĸǿ
˵Ҳͻմ״ʡ
ѡףҲԲμӣҰݽӰɡæˣͿȥμõѡˡϲ㣬Ϊһˣ
ȥֻǺܿϧѾаˡȻˣһֻһ¡
źؾѡ˰¡
ĻŵøϽ֣õѡףôܲأ
ΪʲôܣѾɻ𣿾ǳɻҲû£֪ħĹأħ岻ԻǴԣֻҪ㹻ǿͿȢöö¡㣬ûƶ壬ɼѾ㹻ǿˡ
˵ֱ֮Ҫˡ
ʱ˺
ͷ
ۣʥĺ񰡣Ȼͷ£ܰȻ塣̫ƽˡڼˣô죿ҵó˳úÿ౦֮ʵһǴ䲻㡣
ҲһǴ
ĸ˵õһԼ̳ĴСõļױˡ
ƶǶѰŻٱʾԼѾϲˣܻɻ顣
ˣȻϲˣˣħ岻𣿡
ǡħˡ
ԭˡ˵ͷȻҲһ֣Ǻûаϵ
˵ʮַ߿Ϊ岻һˡ
ûϵҵã϶ϲġħ岻ңǰϲ˭ֻҪã϶ϲõġ
ж޼ްλ
˵һ·һ׹ͣζ˵ȥ֪ͨħˡ
˵һ䣬˵ȥ֪ͨ¶ãһˡҵһǿħ壬
ּеĻֻһͷƤ顣
ĻܴϱҲͬû뵽˺֮Ļ˺蹵
ȫܹͨӡ
ΧһȦˣϲģ
岻ΪƶڿݣǷǳȷ
һɲõԤУҪͷ


78 
屻ٴŽ뵽ˮ֮, һλڰƷ衣
ħ壬к£
˼ˣؾͿˡ
εǰ, , ѣԡͱħ岻һ, ܶòġ
ԥǰ֮ǰµӡº񣬻ǰ˶ħһĸй٣ԴǴ³һЩ
, ˱ʹӷ衣
Ժ˶˵ԴӺε
ǡЩţС¡
׵ͷûп, ܶ֤ȷʵǿ
볤ϰңҡ
˰˰֣˵衣
׺Ȳ裬ͺܹŹ֡
ˮ֮ȴûˮ֪õʲô, , ⴦֮ȷʵˮġ
ŵǰյ
ԥŶ豭ССƷһڣȹĲ趼̫һ
üͷ, 衭
Σ
岻֪ô, ʵ̫ѺˣδȹôѺȵĲ衣
Բ, һˡ
ħȲӦģҪǺȵϰߣǡ
Цñ⡣
һʶԼ裬ΪħŮ߸ıݣҪΪһֱӱ¶ˡ
ǰ΢ɵֽ̬ľ
ǰĲյͻȻվһֽյˤ˵ϡ
壬ңŭ֮£ϵħˣǲ֪ԭʹӣɢŭȷʵͦ˵ġ
峤ע
ͻȻЦҴ˴壬ȷʵҪǰæ̬ŵһЩ㾹ң浱Ĳɣ
ûóԼĿϾһͲħ޸еĶ
ȡҶѰڤԨʣɢѾ㹻һСˡ
ϢŭϢŭ
巢ŭ֮󣬳ϷƢվǰҾⲻǡ
̫СĽˡϾħţºͽģɲħ
ܹԼĶȵ峤߽ԺЦǴ˴һˣ
֪Ҫʲô
循̾ħĹϵĵѾɱ΢ŭļơ
֪еܷһ
Ҫۻ֮
廰䣬峤ϵЦ⵴Ȼ޴档
ǰע塣
ţѾİȴֻܱ΢ŭһЩͷ֮⡣
ã峤Ϸ룬ʵش󣬵һ峤㡣ЪϢȥȥ
á岻õȥء
峤뿪
忴ſһ˵ĴһоϽļⶼʱ
һ洳һˡ
忴˹ȥһЦཿŮ
Ҹ˵ħǿߣŮߵǰ
Ŀʱ˴˴š
㳤ùȻÿҸ۹ħʲô
Ѿ֪ЩԴħ̬ˣʶûбֵǫ񣬷һЩ֮ǰǷȽһԼ
Ȼ֪ңҸûи˵𣿲ӦðҸ絫źÿˣҪҽһ顣Ŷˣ峣˵ģװסħȻƻ
ĳĬŲ֪˵ʲôá
ִսһЩ漴Ц㳤úÿҲƽϡҽк¶ԽҰ¶Сأʲô
ԡ
ԣҽ԰ɡʲô
Ѿͬ˵ˡ
ûи˵㡣¶֣Ĵ˴仯С
˴̼óǳŬסˡ
壺ҵ˼ǣѾͳ˵⡣ٶ˵ҲȹʡҾܾ㡣
ܾʲô
ĬĬűڵϵĲյƬźʱ뿪ô忴̫ӣ
ԣô˵ٺ٣㲻Ҫбˣбɡָʺ㣬ԺҾͽ㲻ˡ
㣬밲һ뿪
ȻһϴǸħֱҹ¶һ֣ĳʱ˹£ºôţ
Ҫ磬ȫԴ𣬡Ҹ鶪ȥιˡ
üͷ΢壬еĽŸ
ҲദƢ壬޷׽
㲻ú£ǿҸ򲻹㡣ңϲ㡣μҵѡװɣҿԸСˣɡһ㣬һңһҸ硣Ҹ̫ˣһֱ۲˼ҵСˡ
ֻһֱ죬ܾĻߣȴ¶ƵԹѹ˵
бҪֱ˵ĺλ˵ɲҪᡣ
ҲȥμѡףΪѾϲġħ
ʲôϵҿһϲˣǿСˡ¶˼Ŭȥ⣬ĻҿĸСˣϲħҲȥһ
ᣬ˼ãੲд
ҲҪΪСˣҲΪκȥ¡²ӦóΪڻеĳ룬Ӧһϲİ£İһСˡ
ңС˲ñ͸κˡԼǻССҲӦóΪ͵
忴֣µţҵ˼𣿡
˺ܿգͷҺϲ㣬㲻ҵİ𣿡
ݹϵȷ㲻ãҲ˫һĹʶҼȲϲ㣬ֲһԣҲܳΪİ¡
¶ϵЦݽȥѾۿʪӶ忴
·ڿĺƵġ
Ĳ𣿡
忴˫ۣɤÿһǵޱϧ޲ʹӦֻҪǰ˲ѹ
ҧҧ⣬ʶָһЩɿ֣ס˵Ĳӡ
Ȼƻң
ԽԽﻹзǳģڱסԺ󣬺¶ֿѾԪӤкڣʵͬСɣһֻСܹѵġ
ں¶Ǳ֮ʱ彫
ȥ
¶û˵ؿһۣûĲſƳص˳ȥ
ߺ˿
գͱƻˡ
һθлϻ壬ϻôãͨƻѾˡ
¶ֶҪ߼ֻ̫࣬ļˣûв̵棬Ǽһ˵ϲĵ׵İ⣬ʵ̫Ѱˡ
ûжҲˣҲûԾʶ˺¶ļƻ
˲ò仰۷ĸ嶼õġ
ɿɰˣȻǴɱ˴̵ġ
ֲ֮ǰǰƶĺ˵ֻҪãϲá
ЩٿˮʹôҲ޷̹Ȼˡ
ĵ׵ǸңԽԽ
Զ峤ͳϣ˿һĻ֮ǰĻǶе塣
ϣӦˣûǸ͡
ۻ֮ͬСɣ̽һЩƻ񶾵ƭط
峤֮ϸȡ
ϵͷȥãɡǳ׵ħ壬ôã
ʱܵ峤ʡ
̾˿Ϣղִܵ
ǱϵաȻ˵


79 
ڹһ, оЩԾ
ǱʶѾȹܶˣڱܵĸоЩԾʱ˼ô뿪, ȥ濴
, ߵſڵʱ򣬾Ȼ
, ۽ȥЩ֮ˡ
ڷĲֹԼ뿪ʱ˿ߵһԱߣܷض˵̫, ҳȥߡǳϻԺǵ֪ͨҡ
һŵħ屻ֵıݳˡ
ĿزûоʲôԾӦԺ󣬼־ҵҵ̬վš
ƫƧĵطȥˡ
뿪Ժ󣬳ϿˮĻеľ, 峤ʵҪ˸𣿡
ˡôҲħ壬һε̽Ѿ㹻ˣŭħͲˡǿɲʲôƢ
峤̾˿ֵ֪ʱܵ
廹֪ħĻһȦĳСƵġ
Щ˲̫
ֻ, ΪҲֻк¶
һʱ, ֻˮ
ǡôʱҲˡ
ȥ˺δƻˣҪҪҰ˴ȥ棿
˰֣ˡҰҲдˣ
Ȼˡ峤˵԰æ, Ҫٵա
ͷ, նѣҵȵ𡣡
޲, ĵѾף֪ڴʲôע⣬һ̶ҪȲȥˡ
ĵǶġ
֪ܷ͸¶һۻ֮
ӲѡֻҪѪΪҩˡϺֱӵĸΪ¶˶ԲܣֻҪѪһ½Ϊش󣬱Ҫ峤ʿɡ
ĻƹƬ򣬶峤ǹŻס
˽ĵײֻ࣬ﲢǻȨϣ峤Ϊϡ
ҲЩϵͳ֪ЩϢ
ޱֻӵϵͳߣܹûΪͨϵͳ֪ܡ
ܶʱϢԴԵĶΪҪ
˽Щֱȥ˻ңᱻΪ峤ʱ¸Ϊ鷳
õħݣҲҪĹء

001岽һͣڳϿʱָֻ˳̬
Ժ󣬱ϵĺ;ˮ
Ժ󣬲ϵͳԺд϶
⵽һħ壬׼Ⱪ¶ݣ鷳
һϱǸ֮⣬һֳ˳ģеĲѹȥ
ħҲ£ħʶݣ޷Ȱƣǿô죿
پһͷۡ
òͣһͨ˵󻤷ǰˡ
ϼվ죬ȥˡ
üͷ𣬳Ͽ壬ʵ⸱ģһħ壿
ŶԼãûгҲûзϣ˿βˡ
Цһ֮£Ҳ֪һЩ
ϵĻ˵ú壬ȴˡ
һ͡
뵽˵ݸʱҶѰһǱʱٳ˱Ǳһƻˡ
ҲǼλһˡ
˼ƽϣʱԼֱͦһ̹̹ӡ
һóи̾ħһȻͣµӶű˴˳ӡ
ˣȥ󻤷ˣҪͬȥ
ħ廤ȻҪһġ廰˵̬ϰ𾴶ûС
ʵһˡ
ųһͬȥȴѾ˹ֱӽˮš
ֻ벽һˣ巢ԣʱ
ɨϣɫ֣̿һʱ䷴ӦǰŮ˹Ҿһ±ԣˡ
ǡƶһֱ뿪
ֱӵԭλ£ȥ֪ͨ峤󻤷Ѿһ¡
񣬼ˡ
һ̬Ȳһۡ
֮ǰǰħĿɲһ֪ΪͻȻѹóˡ
󻤷״ҧסҲû˵ʲôֻ۴һС
岻Ϊʲôˣϵ̬ȱ仯̫һЩϳϵĲӡ
֪󻤷ǰкιɣԺ㿪ʼֱ⡣
ħָѪһá
Ķʱħʲô˼
ħҪûѪʲô
Ѿ¶
ԣûб¶ħ岻˵һ㷴Ӧ
϶סؿŹʵ֪ħҪѪã
ⲻ֪ġ
˵š
ҪǣҲħΪʲôͻȻ
ǣѪϺΪѣĻѪֻһˣ֮ǰץ߱ħȻλһɣҲڻħѺá
Ϊħǵı
ô㲻Ը⣿ۣˣħҲҲӣôĵӣҪʾ̤ƽ⺣ף
֪ˣΪʲô嶼˵ƢѾݵúܱˣҲȲλ󻤷ʮ֮һ
󻤷ŭԺв㣬ֱӰǰӸƷˣһҲˡ
Լ֮ǰ̫ºˡ
ҲҡֻλħҲҪѪ⡭Ҳ֪˭ĺˡ
ͻȻվ̬ȼӣ󻤷ҼҴͬħ𣬼󻤷ҲҪ󵽰ɣħν
ɱ㣬ǽˣڰ·δ壬Ѫһķݣ˵ɱ㶯
岻֪ħѾ굽طһί߶ܲˣƢֲսһʮ
ԼΪˣһڵħҪɱһܷӦù
ס֣ˣһԿļ٣ĴͿҪħˡ
һαˣͻȻǹڼ
ҲҪԼĴˣһ߾Ӧԣһ߶ԼΪҲһЩ
ͻȻͣһͺɱһ㡣
弰ʱͣסҵ̬תã˵λ󻤷
˼£ֵǸ
ͻȻЦ벻Ǹ߾ȻȻˡܲҪҪߣҿ϶һǸҪǿ
¶ŭˣԣ
ʲôǸ棬Ҳ壬Ц
ŶһЩħ֮ദĻԭһӶֱֱȥ޷⡣
˵ȡѪ֪Ϊ£ϽǰƷ·µĵľˮ
Ҳ£Źɫ˵ϽҪ͸¶ȥ
ħ󻤷Ҳ˵ɫֱ䡣
ͻȻˣλ󻤷Ҳ֪ħҪѪʲôá
󻤷֪󻤷ݣֱʹϡ
ɫһڣҪǸʣˡ
㣬֪£
ѾˣԽԼ򣬵ǲܹܽǸ֪øࡣ
ӼתоѾʼˡ
²֪ҼҴǷ֪顣ҼҴ֪ͨȥϣֱӸ´ҲҪκ͸¶ʶ󻤷¡
ˣǸ϶Ҳ֪
һҲ֣˿ԼĻʱ¶ˡ
󻤷ε֪巴ʣһɻӡ
ã㲻֪֮Ҵ˲˽£Ҳض˵ˡúüϵķԸ
ǡ幰֣ǶԹħķ򣬴ħľء
һԿţ˿ЩɵۣǴɺͽˣ
ողǴ췭ظҪðôͻȻһЦˣ
ϣ֪һѪΣ
ȻҴߣ㵽˴˴˰Ҵ˿Ѿϸˣ
˵úأ嶨˸²
룬ħµǿ϶ͬһ¡
ħӦǲĹǸԲԼҲһˣΪºشֻúٺٵһ֪Լܸߡ
ͨһ㣬ҲͲٸˡ
óϸϽȥ£һ˵ûһ·ࡣΪߵüѣգϰ
һϲˣ󻤷ˣҶϣ󻤷·ӻ֮
û˵ԭŵĴǣǲܿƵ


80 
Ȼħ嶼Ѿ̶, Ҳûʲôˡ
Ѫ峤һ˹
Ѫɫģƽƽ棬ϸ־Щ, һĪ˾Ӻܹ, Ҫӡ
һԽͣΪв۵ļȥѪɢϢҳòÿ, ԱһЩҪ鷳
ͷȷʵˣ˼˺ÿӣܾͻֱղ
, ԱлˣӣķŽԼϵͳռ
ڹĻ뿪
ȥʱȻ˺һĸ
ֱһԶȻֱֻ
ⶫȫһ, ȺһЩں׷չһħʱЩйڵħö֮ⶫħ嶼ҪӼ֡
Ǻ£ɻ
˵˹, Щħ, ôҪǰ壿
ʱѾϵͳ
԰׺ԺͣΪɱֻһֻǰϢ˳ȥԺΪ˱, ˡ
ħҲɱҪ, ôħޱ𣿡ЩȻ
Ϊħÿһ, ûбĻᡣһˣⲻһǿܾöԸ
ֱЩˣŰȻص˰ϡ
Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬹ͻȻס
ľͷŹԼ¶һ
ֻЦ˵ң׵ĺҪ˺ˡ
ʱ˼ֵл󻤷Ҽϣضʵ档
ˡȥɡ룬ֽס壬Ҫȥδһ·ɻȫҪȥɡ
ûħҪĶºشаʧ
ָ໥ţҲڷɿת¶һԥԥر顣
£˵ġǡ˵ݵ䣬ùˡ
ʲô£ú˵ҪѧЩԽ¡
ͷǡʱټҼҴˡΪһҪ£ҪҼҴȥ죬Ѱ¾䵽
ʲôиҪ£ʲôˣôҲû뵽ǸȻֵõ˵ˡ
˵
ԥԥӣʮ
ڣ忨ߵıԵ˵˳
壺Ҳ̫ҼҴȥһˣ˵ħֵ³⡣
ѹ֪ħЩ飬ֻǵħһ־ҶСҶע⣬ҶСҶ̬޽Ŀǰûзħ֣ҴʱΣ
޽綼ٴеĶħӦҲһ㡣
취һ
ⲻ֪Ĳ²ȫû²ħڲҪǵħ𽻸ȥ¡
ȻûʲôΪʵ̫ˡ
ǹ˿̷ǳǳ֮ǿֻź͵ǡ
ˣ¾Ȼȥ飿ѵ˶̫ʧˣвУҾǸ
忴̬˻ң㲻ɵиӳ˼֡
󻤷ʵЩꡭϵĸҵȶⱾ񣬿ȴ
̾˿˵ҼҴˣǡ壬ҼҴˣЩ²ССħ˵ġ
⻰ȫ˵Ŀȥˣ޲ܱס֪ʹһ
㶼֪£˾Ȼ塣ҡס࣬оǱʹ϶ǹǸڱĹһ߻ǷǷ϶ǹǸ
ͷװԼʲôҲû
йһӣպڹȥˣҲġ
лˣӣӣһ֪ʲôźõӡ
Ϊħλʹ͵ʱ򣬸ʲô񣬼Ȼʲô֪ǾͲˣֱжʹ͸м㡣
һξ̾ԼùֵµħΪ֮㵹״ѹסһѾԶˡ
߰ɡҪȥ죬ͬˡмǣһҪѪ塣

ڹߺǸӣɢ෴ķȥ
·һһҹ彫Ӷһʧǵ³ɢ˵ķȥ
ڼǸӵλãҪģһʼͦйɵģӾֵҰƵģٹ켣ˡ
ȥһֺ̽¹ڱ
Ϊ֮С
һħ壬Ǹħ飬ȥߣϾߵһʼħ𽻸󻤷ģٳûɣ»ħϲù׼һ͡
Ѫ¾ͲһˣǸ˾㣬ĿǰҲһˣҲǹĹ͡
һʱֱȥ
صɢ˵פأķΧȴЩŹ֣о϶һƬص̬
صҽԺɹҩ
ʦ֡
Ϥ͵ػͷȥ㿴塣
ҲǻþɣԼĴȣоʹԺ󣬼÷еĶֱ
ǰţļ򣬡أ˾ͺá
ҲûʵûѰӣֻҪ˻ͺãֻ֪Ժжൣġ
壺ʦ֣ôˣ
ҽʦÿչ˴ݣ߱˵ˣһҲչܹ˸СѾͷæչ˵ͦõģҲֿģ㿴ܲ
ҿɡûϴӦ
ȽԺ忴ߵСŮЩɵۣǸСѾͷ
ƭ㲻ɣ
˶СŮ֣꣬Ҹ˵̡
ߵǰ
忴ŲŸոյϥǸߵСѶ˰
ŵ˵֣ش壬ҽ꣬ƽꡣҽˡ
ü˽ͣӪòߡ
ЩС궼Сˡ
ҳԵò࣬ҺܻɻҰɣ
̾˿㣬Ժ˺ȥҪҲ㣬òã
岻СѾͷһ뿪޸ƯˣҲʺϴӰ
лл̣һúøɻġ
ãڻˣչҽܡأ͸Բȥʰҩģòã
šɵͷ
忴ó˻ǱȽ׽ģԼǰǹھнҲŰСˣɴȥദɡ
һ֮ǰƵҽʦˡ
㻹ˣ˲á
˶Էĳޣûжٸ˵ģΪһ·ȴ֣ϵͳæħŮߣˡ
ԼȥԵ㶫
СԺӶ˸Ҳ˵ģ֮ǰԺȵС¶׵һһ뿪Ӷˣֻܻʯȥˡ
սս̾лܸ޻غ󷽵Ķ뿪ûһЩ׬ȡܻĳ͡
ĺӣкܶܶࡣ
̾˿֪ºʱ̫ƽ


81 
˲֪ʹѪ, ֪˷ȴЧ
ҽʦչԺ˹
延ϲϲ֪ͨˣˡ
Ҳһȥ
, ̽ͷȥŲŵŮ, չ˹Ůһʱ䣬ħսط, ڴʶˣǻز
ǵһμ˴Ӳѹش
ǰԵЩִٲ, ƣ㡭
ޣ
⧲һǵĳƺʶһ
ҶҶС㣿
ҶЦô⸱ģŵˣ
Ц, ǣ̫ˡҶС㣬ˣ
šҶͷɫЩѿֻǶЩȱĵط
, ʲôط
ħս, ɢפأҽ󡣡
ҲǹģҶ֪, ͸ϡͿˡ
Ҷкܶ, ȲҪ
忴ҽʦ
Скҽʦ˼ͷ
ŷȻҶ˵ҶС, 廹Ϣһ£ҽʦȥϸ˵
áҶüĿᣬҵȰ޻
뿪Ĳ˼֡
ҽʦԺ˺꣬ڵ˱껹ҪԾн
ǣ޵ʦ֣ԡ
ˣ˼һʱû˵С㣬ҽˡҶҩ߳ϵĹŵӡ
šҶͷһͻȻʣҶңǳˣ
˸оͷƤڷ飬ѹػǣС㡣
ܺ˵˵ԽϸԽá
üͷЩ⣬Сô壿
ҶͻȻЦˣޣԼĪû˽
˽壬һԸ뿪Ҷң϶ȥ
ҶҵĸȻԼĪµʱʱѾ޸塣
ˣ㡣޸ʱϻ壿
˵ɴ˫ۣԼˡ
С㣿ô֪ģҽʦ˵ںԺ󣬻ʱǵΪСʱļ䣬ѵôںˣ
ҶǳЦֻˣǱȥˡ
ǰǾ޸ҵ㣬ʧʱ㡣
ҶЩ⣬ϸ־úˡ
˾塣
ˣ֪
һզզĴС֣ʵǴС˼·̫ܵ죬ûһܸϡ
һ²ˡ˱֣˵׼ˡҶʧЦλǸȤġ
ħ˴֮ʵѵá
Ҷûа˵˿ֱܻӱŵ
һˡ
һɫˣʦ֣ôˣ
ңЩθۡ
һ㶣ǱٹȵԴˣ
ǳԴˡȳȥˡʹСɰɡת뿪
忴ŲҵˣؿҶʦôˣ
ʦ֣һ·ֿѡҲζ֪أ
˵Ҳǡܿ·ˣϾ˿ǻһ㣬Ҳûʲô״֡
ҶѵϲУ£һҶСԺչʱһ㡣
ҶС㣬㶼𣿿ﲻ
аϤϣҲ޲ʡҶעȻ¶С¹񶯡
Ҷָ̧ϣޣˡ
ࡣЩ㿪᲻ᣬҶߣû˾ͺãӦġ
ɵʲôӦҶָ⻬գסĶͬⷢĶ䣬ޣôô׺ߣ
޶֣ڶѾ㹻ˡ
οһ䵽
㣬ǿдƴ˿컵ķΧӲؽתˡ
ʺ򣬻ҶĵüǳЦ
ҶЩ޵ĳˡ֪ڿпڸ
һᣬȥ׼ЦϢ˯һ˾ͿԳԵóԵˡ
šҶĿת߶ϣò˱ȼҪࡣ
ֻǡȴԼ
Ҷۡ
ʲôϵأ۹Σľͺá
ˮڴߣ˾ͺЩҺܿ
ߵʱš
ҶӦһ㰲ĵˡ
һϸĵˣﾡܵıźȫĲϵȻҲûжܹڵʲˣ˻ǾܵѰˡ
ҪҶϲԵĲҲܷ㡣
ڳſ̽ͷţҪҰÿػ𣿡
ˡܾţһ˾ܸ㶨
ֻǵ۵¶СѾͷֻҵԴ֤Լõġ
ܰȥЩˮ𣿶һ㡣
۾СԴţȥ׼
뿪Ժ󣬳ֳһ˵£ܰġ
ҲΪݰģһЩе˼ܹȥ˼ڵĴ
һΪ˵õѪ飬Ȼƭħһ
Ҫ֪ħħķһħλߵġ
ȻĳЩʱһĵλܱȲóķҪߣ岢һΪˣ෴ĵӻͦСģʱһЩµ£Ҳ᷸ӡ
ѾǰҪ룬Ҳˡ
׼һٷʢͣıһȥҶʣµĶ˺ԺһЩˡ
ҶС㡣ƿŽҶѾ
ǰڴߵһˮѾˡ
űˣһɡ彫Сľ˹˲úãǰһιԡ
Ҷָ΢Ͻӹ꣬ԼԡҲ԰ɡһ𣬺𣿡
ͷá
Ҳһ÷ҶԽԽʱιȻԼһЩӡ
ޣΪʲô
ԹҶ㿪ʼ塣
˼ãҶ̽ʵ˵𣿡
û˵ЩΪѡ
ҶЦ񣬰ࡣ
ǡϽͣҶᡣ
壺ûֻ֣ǲ֪˵
뵽ʲô˵ʲôɡ˵ʲôԣйǡ
ĬĬ˵ѰҷӣҪķֻꡣû뵽ҪĻѪ顣
ȥ
šͷҶɫ˵ǣͻȻúһҲֵá
ҶⱣȥ޿ˣ
δЦȥʱֻҲûˣ˻Ϊ
Ҷͷ󿴵ϵı仯Ѿ֪ˣֻûʳˡ
ں׵õԵΪҶ
֮ʣܴټԵ
һУû˵ô򵥡
ٿνı飬Ҷ̾һأޣȥõҵѪ飿
ҲˣЩһ˿ͷĻͺ˵ˡ
֮У޾ϸظҶ
ҶĬһ̶޵ĵԽˡ
Ҳ벻ôࡣֻܳ²ˡ
Ҷ̧֣޷£Ѿ㹻ˡºȻѾһƣǱ߷ſİɡ
¶ô죬ʲô©ҵʵݣ˹˲Ҫ㡭
Ļû˵꣬ͱҶס졣
ĪҪ˵ҶѰˣҲˡο˵ʲôۣǰޣɥҶңܹŶҪл޶Ҳ벻һ·Ѱҽҩ޶أħѰˣҲ°޶
忴۾գգ۽Ǳʪ


82 
Ҷİο, Ҳٺˡ
һҲƴһƴ
ҹˣ, Ъ°ɣҶһ˯
νӲ, ǴҴҵͷĸ, ȥ
ŵ޴룬ڴϵʱǰӲġ
ͻȻҶһЦŵţôˣ
ô˲ŶԡҶ˶, ߣš
ٴνҶȴסָ֣ӡ
, ͬ꣬ǷֱһЩʱգôнˣҶЦŴȤĪǣҲӦСʤ»Ǿ仰
ĪĪҪҡ岻Ҷ, ˡ
ҶС, ǵٰüżҶСҲǸƻĵһ㣬Ϊ֮㵹
, һЩ, ֲ㡣ҶЦָ, ˵˰ޣ޲Ը
ͻȻǺ죬ҶΪ¶ȵĸ֪쳣ģ߸ովڽµˣͻȻ˸С¯̲סЦ
ЩգĪҪң򡭡
ΣҪң
һĸٶңղԵĲˡ
⻰һǵҶٴЦ
ˣ˵ء
ǶԼˣֻǴԵı˲ôԵˡ
ðɡˣˣЩϢɡҶ˵꣬Ѱ˸ϰߵƣۿʼߡ
˿Ҳϰס˻ˡ
ҹʶȥµļֻڸоǹԺͻȻҶѾǵصģˡ
ϵĶʬһȥڵĻΪѪİҲǼ佡ġ
ޣɡ޵ϺҺϲ
ֶҲǣҲǣٴνӲ
Ҷָ˴⣬ԸΪȡůˣ
ûСţϻ˶
Ҷ˯ߣһҹߡ
ڶ죬Ժɹҩӷһ
壬ôˣ
˵ߣôˣ
ôˣǱаץȡ˾ѪƵġ
һˮĻˮĻԺ͸ˮĻԼģŵһ
ˮĻ˶ĺȦ
ʿܣӦûǡ˻ȻʣҹҲС˫ˣ
巴˱ǴСոջָ֮仹ںϣôôļأ۵˴Сô죿
ţһӶ۳ǴСñݲгʲôˣ
ȥҽʦǰõҩˡ
±ͺȦм˼ֺɫ塣
Щʲô߰İΡ
ǡˣſ壬ŵؽţһйˡ
ظˣ뿴ʴˡ
岻Щֵֹˣȥ˳վɻҶСԵĲˡ
Ҷɫʱ򣬲ʧЦ̶
ϣҶ˯£忴Ѿ˯ҶС㣬˿ĵֳָʧ䡣
ż춼ˣľ״ֱ̬ˡ
Ҷ޽ôˣ񲻼ãһή̬֮ʲôΪѵˣ
ҡͷô˼˵⼸춼ĥҶСΪͻȻ׽ˣ
޲˵ұ㲻ˡֻǰ⸱ģۡ޿ɷȥҽʦ￴Щҩ
ͷȥҽʦȥ·ϣ˸˵尡ǰʦֵĲԡʦֲ˵㣬˫޶Ҳкô㲻ܳ׽ڶʲôˣʦҿŶۡ
һ̧ͷ죬ҭôʲôЩ˸˵ˣ
ȼҽʦҽʦüͷЩؿ塣
ҽʦôˣ
ҽʦ½ָˣ
ܺãѾתˡôö˶˵ʲô⣿
ҽʦҡͷοûʲô⣬ȷʵָòٶġ
ôʣ廹ǲġ
ҽʦЦֻ㣬ȻµҲָˣЩ㲻ؾţͷһ£йҲǺõġϾѪյˡ
ɴ۾ҽʦ
Ա壬Ҿ˵˰ɡǱﻵˣǲҵġ˵ӹҽڼҩȵҽʦ˵˰ɣ
ǣ˵ԭ򣿡
ҽʦЦտԽŷƣѹȥָ
ǿϷı£ѵͷ
ҽʦЦŽͣѾġңλǻǰĽֱ㳤ڴϣʢЩӰ졣
û뵽ôۺء
ҽʦҸô죿
ҽʦҭסûɶƢĿ
һеµˣһ¼ҹ¸ô죿
ôô죡
鸴ӣȻҽʦ˵ܸҿҩ𣿡
ҽʦֹΪӵı飬ͻȻͶˡ
壬ϧֲ̾ã뷨磽ⲻֲðˣȥҩɡ
úõŮޣó׵أôͲأ
ŮӲǻǽΪģҩȵĹż࣬ǰǼʶ㣬Ҷо
ҽʦȥһˣ߸ҩһƳ̣ԣǻЧѰҰɡ
ظĸʯҩ뿪ֻ֮ǰҽʦһ̾Ϣ
ЩĪ
ȥ·ϣҪҽʦҩ
ҩݸ˲Ժ󣬿˼ۣȻֲһ
üͬ壬尡㡭ʦֵĲǡǰʦֲ˵㣬ʦֶԲ𡣡
˵Щʲô߰ĶΣûҩ
̾˿ҽʦһģһ
ʲô飿ʲô˼
˱ʵסɫ˼֣Ϊҽߣʵڲ㡣ҵĲǡ壬㡭̫ѹɣһ˳Ȼͺá
š֪ˣһˡͦģҲǿʲôûʲôѹ
һܻʶһ£Ҳˡ
Ļˡҩȣǰô϶зӵġ
ʦ֣˵ҩʱʦֵĻˡ
˵ͷǰȥúúҩҪơ
ʵҾòҲ޷Ҳʲô⡣ֻҶСҪҩȷʵģֻ궯˵㣬Щ˯ƽﷳЩЩԾ񣬲ЩС⣬Կ˷һ¾ͺˡ
һͻȻ֪˭ˣ⻰ţСһ
²УƣԼҪȥѰҽҩС
尡ɲҽɲаĲܴ⣬úСĻԹԺҩɡٴҽʦ
˵ͷûмɲҽǼС¡
˭Ϊ¿򰡣嶼ԼǼΪһ
ҪҽʦʦֶӣҶֻ޵һᣬûе˵Ҫˡ
ȥԺζĶҩҪʱȣǸԺԼһԣʵڲУôС㡣
˵ͷİɣʦ֡ʵڲУ㡣
ŵúҧͷ۵۽Уҿɸ˵Ҵû˼ҪǸңݹҷϹ飡
ΣʦҲ̫ˣôþȻһ嶯ûС
ûг嶯˶߳ŭˡ
ðɡҡ
ˣȥҴСɡ˰ƽݣˣӡȥҩˡ
ߵʱ򣬻Ŵˡ
ҩڴҶĿʱΣҡˡ
ҽʦô˵
Ҷ¡
彫ҩķ£漴ҽʦ˵һȽϴйй𡣡
ҶӴӹеҩģ򿪿˿Ϻ˼֡
ЩʵҽʦЩҩй𣿡
ԡͷЦʦֻһ˲Уҡ鷳ҶСˡ
ҶСΪߣеķҲһɡҶСƽ붨Ӧø˳һЩҲ˶ߡ
ҶɫЩӣãʶ߬㣬棿
ţ


83 
ͻȻ, ֻȥҽʦԺ˱ҶС㡣
ôˣﲻЩģ, ҪҪȥҽʦ￴
Ҷҡͷ, Щȥҩ
áǲһҪͬҽ廹ǲϸĶԺ뿪
ȥҩʱ, ˡ
ҩҩҪʱ˴һƳ̾Ϣ
ʦ֣Ҫﲻ̹, ȥЪŰɡЩգһֱ߻ȥͲȵ˼Խˡ
̾Ϣһ, ̤Ų뿪ˡ
ʲôëͷһֻۣįıӰ
ҩȥԺͲҪˣȥһ䣬ﵽʲô
սʵħı߽磬ﻹûбģս, ֻżĦ
Ϊ, ħаֹ߰һЩֵĶҽ½ҽõġ
ԺҪѧҽͺˣѧҽȫһ, ΪҲһ㡣
ҪΪ˰
Ǹϵͳ, Щæûܹ˼㡣
С˳, ſļϣһͻȻζĶ
ôˣ
ŵͬеζ
ϵͳζóʶˣ¿ţû˭ڲͬ
ϵͳζǲԴһζŵӷ򣬿쿴
ת˹ȥһ꣬ɽ磬Ҳ֪ǲ١
Ҳϵͳ
ûŵˡһȱȫϵͳϸͱ̭ĹŶ
ϵͳĲȱϵͳ쿿ҸϵͳһȻĵٽлա
鷳
ܲһΪ
ȱϵͳؼңÿλķ֮£Ӧһ˵㶫µ߽Ǹꡣ

忿ԺҲ
⵽֮ˣȥӽ㣬ͻԸԼ͸ˡ
һ٣Ǹꡣ
¶һЦݡ
岻ɵøеһսĬĬջߣǰ̯ӵϡ
ϵͳȱϵͳĹʲô
Ӧǹϵͳ˵ŮӰصΪһУ
úջ𣬾Ȼаϵͳ
Ϊʲôϵͳ˵ʲô
Ϊ¿ϵͳķƣȻҲϵͳ޷׽ֹܡڣȼҵ͵ϵͳᱻҲ׽˵ЩʲôǺġ
ϵͳŮ˶ҵаһЦȫģô£
ģԽŮӣͨ˸ӼᶨֻҪŬξͺˣҪȫϵͳжŮǺܺúģֻҪ΢ϵģָǾˡ
Ŀͷӡ찲Ͳסˡ
Ѿ˶Էϵͳϵͳȡ˵ˡ֮ǰȡѾתĻ֣Ͳϵͳ޷ȡ˵Ļֺϵͳֻܵȴˡ
Ǿͺá˸СʯҪ뿪

λðˡ¡
֪ðͺãÿǳ⡣
ҽܶûü˵
ܿڿҪ뿪ʱٴס˼˵
һ˫ϸոµİڼϡ
ⶫѾϺܾˡ֪ܷ¿Ը˫ʯ򡣡
忴һϵС裬ոõģʮöƷʯ
Ļٱ
лʲô۾Ǽ˹Ƶġ
壺ٱҪÿ·
Ҳ̫ˣССʯ꣬һת־ٱ
ܰγˣָǰ꣬˵ҪǸʲô˵
忴˶ԷͷϵΪֵǧͷˣССڲΪ塣
ǳҪ㡭
岻Ļ˵ֱ꣬һֱۡ
ջؿЦǽѵ´οǧٲۣʲô˵·
Ȼ£·ϲûй⣬һϰΪûһ˲ͣ
ǳеģֻǶһ첲ѣû˻⣬ԼϣֻҪΪѾ˽𵤣Ͳ˴С֣
̫죬ձضٱԳһ˫۾ؿ
תҪߣԭǴ뿪ģ⻰ͻȻͣ
쿴ͻȻ̾˵еҿһ첲رӣձضҪԴҲʴȷһ·ҸֱҪ
ȫǾ֣ȫû뵽ԼϰԵķһĺݻȻŮ˵ɱ⡣
ĸоһ׼Ůɱ
ܣ˴֮ɱģ
ɱɡֻҪֱܲɱɡѾԵһʱϵͳ
ϵͳ˵Ǿֱɱɡ
廹Щ棬ϵͳΪʲôһʼɱ
ΪЩǱϵͳģǲԸ޷ϵͳ޹ģǲ˺޹ˡΥҵϵͳֲᡣ
˻ǣ˿϶ǡˣĴ˹ȥ
Լڵϵֱ۶ûüȥæӴš
ѾһʱˣҲȡ˲ŮӵˣĻֺ͵ߡ
Ҳһ˻αϲŵĽΪ
ķһŽһŵó
ǽѹŴ󣬶һãá
ҾҪóıһöķһŮ֮
Ĺֶ̽ΣֶһЩͼֶԺЩʧ
ʹʹһܣ˵ԼĽڻøࡣ
˶Ƿźݻȫûһ汾¡
Щĵȼβ룬ҲԼģӦǴϵͳõģ֮ǰԵЩŮ˸ġ
˫ֽӡһƷֱὣϣķء
ҲԭˣҾˡЦͬϵͳ˵ϵͳʾԣǲԭҲûϵ
ҡͷǱƻ˷ʧԺ϶û֡Ȼ̰ģͼĶ
ϵͳоԼֶ֪һء
ʲôУóɡһˣССӺʲô̼졣
ȻϵˣֺϵͳһһԵĿܣһϸ
һǸ󣬶ʱЦⲻоĳ
ĽǹΪǸдƷ۷ˣֻΪһá
Ϊûɱ⣬ǸΪֲһ㣬˸й;һϣƴ˴һͼĽ
ĳ汾嵱ڹû۹Ϊͱĳȥʱ⣬û뵽ܻͦӭġ
ӣʱЦˣ
߼󷨣ؼ󷨵˲࣬˵ˣڡ
ֻϧûѧȫ󷨲ãֻ÷ȫϵĲ㣬ЩҲ򵥣½亱·ݴ˷һصķ޴֮֡
źΪ̬ȣϵͳĻܵ㻹ûмȫˡ
Щ߼ԭ
ĻüڴǰŮ˿ĵʱ̡
΢΢ۣϸŵķô죿
ʱ򻭵ģڹûͳһۣΪӱ⣬˲Ǯ
ֲ졣ϵͳ죬ûһԼĶ


84 
һ, ûóĵ֮һʹ졣
ȽʹˣڲͣĿϣһϣ֮ڡ
Ҫֵʱ, ͻȻоһɵϮ
ȥɱ, һʱͷȥͻϮ֮ˡ
һȫúڲιסδ֪֫ǱƴһƵ, ԭһԴĵط˼֣ŷ׵ӡ
忴ֱġ
Ͷˣû뵽ҾȻ벶ˡЦ, ó˷ӡʲôȻˣǾ°ɡ
ϵͳҲѰһ, ϵͳݿûйϼأ͹Ծʱϵͳʼռ
֮ǰЩľ·ǣֵһ̣ӴˣóһС
忴æ, Щƽ, ﲢǱسĹʱ, ŵ˶˷
ͼ·ʿһ, ʰǼ·˵Ϊ̫, һԪӤڡ
ʹˣ弸Ҳú࣬üζ֮䡣
ֱһС磬Сļܿת˾档
ٴκ˺ܴĹŽƷ
Ʒ˹ԺǼְæʿлǴ˻һѰֻкķСݵ˵ⶫаһˣܻæģܳȥ롣
忴Źʬ壬ﵽʲô
ʵҲ̫ʲôȥͿʼƵ֣ÿζǵ֣ұ˴֮ƺܳӣⶫС
ʲô쾪
СͷûⶫȴǳСµСϲˡ
ʱһߵʬߣóһѸͷĸƿ
һЩӤʬǣǻδĶ
忴ˣŻĸоٴϮ
кˡոպ˵ķС̾
˿ɶĹûȥʰ𣿡
ôûУɢ˵ԴȥѰһ񰡡˵аĶƽʱɫһ߶ͻԲŻҲ
Ϣ˵ħܳļһϴħԣƽʱ޽ץСԣԱ˾ͻħ˯Ҳ١
ոƿӵǸˣһЩʬǼսһӡ
忴һĻθҺڡ
С˵ʰǽܳսطǲ֪鴦ŹǣʰǽҲܶࡣҵЩʬǣİ취ռҵģ뷨ӸͻȥҲģڸѰһطᡣ
һ֪е
Сֵʰǽһ㲻˴
ΪΣ岻⡣
С翴ɫʱˣѰطЩ
˵ԼԲ£ڷС˽Ķǵ˵ͷǰиӹݣȥԽӰɣ
ϡСͷ뿪
ӹ˵ز˽ӡ
ʻСżҷ޺֪ʩǺֶΣʩҲҷˣ
ҲǡֻǻԵɺϣһˡ
ԭˣҷԵСҽһ£Сɮգ֪䣿
塣
ʩʩʰǽºܸȤұ㽫֪ĸ֪
ĺ
ϸϸ˵
ûʰǽģֻս̫ˣЩϵرħͬ޴лĿö֮ʰǽʰǽÿ춼Щ˴򽻵ʱˣǵϢҲޱͲϲָоټʰǽˣǱȣΪߣҲӣ߻ħ
˱ͲܴοϢΪѶġʶʰǽ˴
Ȼ򣬵˵ͷ
ԭˡ
ʵܼ򵥣ֻոһֱ۽ʰǽΪѰ鴦б⣬ʶ벻һ㡣
Цӷˡ
һӷס
ʩˣ
ŵؿʵ޸ʱһţϻбͷɷȾ־ԭǷʦڰаҡ
ʩˣСɮ·һŰˡ
ʦо֮ͷһ˿ãû뵽ˡ
ָָǰĿӣ˶ѱʩȹһ
һ̽Ӷѣôַܵʦľ֮
ʩаʶ壬СɮһʩСɮпտնͷۻʩһ̽СɮҾʩʶʩǾߵ͹֣֮
ᣬ÷˵Ҳе
ֻǵٴλʱǰķѾˡ
忴棬ŷɫѾ
ӹҲ뿪ˣֻһСڹ̨Ŵ
ͼݣһʯӡ
С˹Ժ϶Ц⣬ϲ͹٣ϲ͹١͹С붨Ǵһ˿ƹķԸʯ
붨ૣֲһĹ˺ҹԭʱˡ
ˣƺǷ˷պһε㲦֮
лңϽ뿪ӹݣֱҩ
˸ոմԺˣ˵ʱ˸ƣ˵鸣ӹ붨һŹȥءû뵽Լˣ붨Σ
֪̹˵ұһλʦ㲦򣬿һعֻˡʲôҺʲôҲû
ڰ벻ˣ㱾ޣ򲻳Ҳ
Ҳġ
Щʱ֪˾ʶпѧμõġ
ЩʱЩѾˣȴ֪ԼⷬΪǺεֻ֪ͷɡ
ֽԲȡ
Ψ˼༰֪кһѧУж
Щȥɡ飬ĵĹ˼Զλá
忴˵ӰӣڹԽԽͻȻȥһ¡
˻عͷ壬㼸ˣ
𣿡
˱ʵһͷˮְסĶͷҲûȰô˵
ȴǿţӰΣܵĹϵΪβأ
ⲻǷϻӰҪۣһܻڣӰһ쵽ĿģҲҲ˰
ˡ˵ӰӡӰǺڵģҲǺڵģӰӱġ
ʲôۿžҪؼˣһתˡ
˸ں˼壬壡ȥģ
˺ĶֵЩԺٴα򿪣Ҷڳ
ˣ
ˣոȥ壬ˣ䣬ͻȻˡС㣬ǲѹ̫ˣ
ʲôҶ
ʵ˵
Ҷü޽²С
ʲô°˾Լǲͬһ磬ˣ˵˸Уе㲦Բڽӹ붨
УޣķŲáҶЩǣδȥˣȥѰ
Ǳءָ˸ȻҶһ𣬡ͬһɡ
ҪǳʲôҲиӦ


85 
ϵɢ, ɢҹҹæµæŴƬ½κһϷĴС£æ޸ħ߽Ĵ, æҩҽβˡ
ʱ, ܹ˼
һò׵еĹ˵֪˹ݡ
ʲôµĺòϢһˣźúõһŮ, ͻȻǰظ˵һЩĪĻ֮Ѿˡ
۽ɨһۣĵš
ط, Ϊ档
ţӰӣӰӹ
ΪӰӹȻ̫Ҳûк£ΪǴδ֮, Ҳ˵ģֳʲôɿصĶ
˵˹СĹ
⻰һΧ˶ˡ
ɫնɱ
ɱˡ
𰸣º˶˿
Ҫ˵, 
ȡһö, һ¼
ȴ˵ǹʵݣӰӱġ
һѪӰӡ
廰ȥͻȻЦ
СѾͷλûѰɣС, ȥúɡ
ת, Ǹɽ۵ˣ忴, ʱ忪ڵԪӤΪһԪӤڣ˭úأ

Ϊ˲𰡡
˱ȥ˵
Щ츳õʿˣСС˦֣˵ˡ
Թµ˵Լķ֣ȴûģΪ˭ҲǸĹӰӱġ
Լ뵽Ķ˵˳ǸƵԣǸܵǻḴ̱˵й򶷵ʱٶȿ죬ҲΪʲôĶַΪӰӣԻʶ뵽ֵӰӵУҲǹͻȻͻȻ뿪ԭ
ӰӲۣ޴ڡ
˵ЩǲǸӰӡ˵ģ˽⵽ˣϷӦġİɡ
Ļ֪ûзϣԼڿЦ
廹Ҫ˵ȥʱҶ˽ˡ
ҶС㣬ʦ֣ôˣ忴е⡣
̾˿һҪءôͻȻˣҺһͨ׷
Ҷ壬ʵ޻æˣʲô£
岻֪ò˵˶ڳЦҶС
ôˣҶϵǣеĿ
Ʋȴ˵ĵ£Сӣλ¿˼ܹ˵Ӱӱġǿɱܳ˵ĹﰡŵӰӣɱˣǿ콫ȥɡĪҪЦˡ
΢죬Ҫȥʱ򣬱Ҷ¡
ҶλʿǳЦλÿŵˣײйΪβŵӰӣ
㣬ˡҺͬ˵㷴ң
ˣҺۣ˵㣿ǷǲͱߣЩȥЪϢɣĪҪЦˡҶ᲻أ̬ҲһѺãڹƵġ
˳С
˵ҲǼٻǹôӰأ
ҶЦ֤أ
ҼҰѾó֤ݣ֤ǹȷʵӰӣλȴΪδй֮¶ʹ˷ϣλ֤أ
λ֮ΪҼҰںߣƾλ޶ȴ÷ŵľڸǹ׶ô
óʵ֤ɡ
λǰֻƾƤϵĹ֮Цʵŷ
ͦˣûʦ˵Ӱӱ仯ĹǲȥҲͰˣôЦ
ոձҶ˵ɵ˵һȺˣعˣ˵Ļץס©
ÿһ˵ǶҪȥ飬֪Ҫٹ򣿶ʱ侫
ǾǣοҪ飬ҲҪһػһۣ
˵꣬ˣ˵ȫû
Ҷͷ˵ûȷʵػЦṩ֮ˣʵڲףλΪҰ޵Ǹ
ЦҲУ
Цôˣ
СѾͷƬǣôЦ𣿡
˻ҪŭʱסԺһʧǵ״̬ҲߣҲֱܵɢ֪¡
ھһڣ࣬Ҳˡ
ɨһȦĸλѡ˸ոǸ˵СѾͷƬӵˡ
Цλѣǲ죬㿪ҵЦðߣһò֮˶кøУ㣬ͬ˵ʱұзƲЦ޷Ц
ҳѿˡ
ЦͬҿЦ׼ͬ˵ʵôջˣòãʵڲáѣҩڣ
ˣжһ˫ʵԪӤڣûҪǲҪˣʵǲ㡣
һڶ
˷
ʣˣ˴࿴
Ҷ֣߰ɡҹˣȥϢɡ
áͬȥ
·ϣ˶ܰ
Ҫؼҵʱ忪ڣԲ𡣡
޺ιʵǸ
ҲçײʵҲֻҵۣҲûȥʵʵ飬ʵҲòȷе֤ݡ
šҶͷޣΪ˵Ǹû
廹Ʋ֡
ҶͻȻЦ޿֪ɢÿ¸ȺṩԴӦ
٣
ɢ˳ŵÿƷҩƿʮҩֲعƷʯʮ
廹ûӦŵͻȻԴͨŵҲֻģˣ
ɢԵԪӤϵÿλʿˡԪӤȻԴ࣬רŵйʦָǿĻԵ
ŶĶˣҲɢˡ
Ҷ˵ǿ֪ɢ˴ģԴԺδ
˶֪
ҶЦң޽ÿһλޡɢ½Դ˽ĳ͢Ҫ˰գ޽ɢͬˡɢվϱߵ·Ӧþһ
ͷ
ҶҲҪϽ˰ոɢˡ
ġ˾û뵽ɢ˾Ȼǿ󡣡
ֻҪṩ±ɢӦġ޲෴ǰɢˣʵֻҪܹṩõһʴлѡ֤ʵиĽ͡
Ҷ̾Ǽǰɢ˰
⾰ʿ˵ָһӼ䣬ɴı仯ȷʵ׺ɣһ컻ء
ҶС㣿
Ҷ񣬷ǵǵؿҶס֣Щ䣬Ҷֱůš
ޣǻȥɡҶЦ
ɫ£Եøᡣ
ȣؿһãðҪط˯ˡҹˣҲЩЪŰɡ
˴м䣬̤صĲӣſ뿪ˡ
Ҷ뿪ıӰ̲סӶЦ


86 
ڴϵʱ, ͻȻ¡
ˣҵҩһ죡
ҶһһէһԺ, ʧЦ, ټɡ
˵ͷûЪ, Ǽ˵һ£ҽһֵˡ
Լܹϵͳ£Ժ󣬱ľ, һֱ۵¸Ҷ
Ҷˣ˼һ˵˼, ˹ӽ㣬ĿΪ㰮
ţû
ҶЩĵЦϻ̬֮ޣպȥҪԼ
Ҳ˵Ǵʱ, õŮ˵ķķ, һרŶŮ֡ŮַǶäϹ֮ˣΪŵأ
޻аޣ
аޣûа, ҲࡣȻûа, ˶͸һаˣһҪ谡
Ҷͷ, ̶Ц޷ģ㣬ضᱻ˶ҡԡ
ҾСһЩֶΣ˷ʤ
磬ǱǸˣҪֱɱ졣
ϵͳ˵ϵͳûбľֱɱĻǸȱϵͳܻһƱаٷ֮ĿԶѡ
ڶԸǰû뵽ˡ
ԽԽû
ˣޡϢɡҶ뿴һֱšüͷĵӣǴ¡
ԺͻȻоˡ
Űҽʦ˵ĻɫȾɫ
Ҷ֪ϵ¶ԽԽߣڰɫس롣
ҪãͻȻԼҶסˡ
ҶС㣬ǡ
ޣҽʦ˵ģҪԣ
ڣ죬ô
Ҷ࣬оԼܹҶܹ֪ҶʪϢ
һ£ҶСڵĻ״̬
ͻȻӦԼѴġ
ޡ
һǵĺӹǶ˼֣оȥԼĻҪؼˡ
ҶС㣬ЩȣԶһЩա
ҶЦӶߴ廹ûü˵о䱻ʪ֮ﺬסˡ
彩Ӳסֽ޴ţһ̱סˡ
㣬ʲô忪ڵʱŷ֣Լɤˣͳɳƣżɬ
ޣɡš
ﴫĦоԼĸĺԽԽأԽԽ֮ƲסĴϢ
оƽºͺ͵ҶС㣬ҹ˹ԡ
ҶС㣡庰һܼ˵ݵ⡣
ҶĶͣ
ôˣﲻҶУϸȴֱܷĿ͡
˻ΣһҶ֮õͷסԼԴţûв
ǡҶᣬոͣĶٴμ͵ת
ڴδйУݡ
ڶһ磬˳Է
ţһˡ
СأԷˡ
ܺõ˵˯
ŶŶԷɡ鵾ϱζرáһһ˵궼ڵء
ȥԷԹԺ³˼ҶԵķͻ˷
ҶС㣬Էˡڴ齱£ЦӯӯؿƣҶ
Ҷ⸱СģЩЦ
СƵġ
ҹģԿûô⣬Ҳóҩˡ
ˣкܺãȫòЩҩ
źôǵһΣǴ붨ϻܳȥսȺ壬ˣֻһξƹɡ
ͷСѣת˾治˵һֱˡ
һϣɫ˲ź֡
Ҷһûγԣ
ǣˡ
ʵҲûڵôݵģֻҹͻȻ֪Ǹҩࡣ
ףԭ֪С¡
ǻʢˣһ⻰ͷˣǵúú֤һԼ
֤˵ҶɾͲˣȥһϣҪʵвС
ˣҶ˵㶫ָһЩЩ鵾仹ֲһȥˡ
Цˡ
ãڳȥҪúϢ
㡣䣬ȴҶ˻ȥ
ҶҪҪϢ
ҶС㡭۰ͰͿ
ҶЦҹƭһһΣɲˡҰԵĻƬҪˬڵζ
ðɡĬĬ˳ȥһͷˡ
ҲûȥԺ˸ط˸Сľ÷ԺҶ˹ȥ
֮˰ͻȻ˽ɫŵĶ˵壬ȥһת겻ˣǱ˵Ǹץ˰ɣ
Ͻ׷һЩϸڡ
ʱӦòǹϲڶѾˣϾҪˡĻԷһЩ
֮Ǹĵ
˴ˣǾȥҡ
廰ȥŴ򿪣Ҷڳͬһȥ
뿪ǰȥѰꡣ
·ɢ˵ĳ飬ΪǰֵòǺ죬Ҳûйĺѣ˰Ѷӵ˸㱨Ժ󣬱ûмɢ˵ѰҷΧȥطѲ顣
ѰҵĹȻ죬ô˺ѰңȻķ˲Ծ
ɢ˵˷Ѷȥһ
尴ǷĵַȥһƵĹ¥
˵طԺмʿڴߣﲼһС͵ĴӰ󣬽ԶӰ񴫹
ҶԺǰǸЦˣӭ˹ֵǰðˣոṩ˼·ȷʵһЩԾ
һǱ㿪ʼѲӣޱ仯ֻͷԽԽʱӰӴ֮ǰϸ״̬˵ĽŵףͻȻЩԾ
ʱЩ˵Ӱûб仯ģ̫ոճʱӰһģС״Ǻͨ˵ӰӲͬ
ǽѰȺ˵ӰطŸ忴ЩˣѾȥ˵顣һ⣬Щ˶ǶӵˣǼҵĺӶˣԼҲˡ
еȣ֮ǰֻһӰӱɵ˼·û뵽ӰӾȻЩ˺ӵļҳϡ
忴úúõأͻȻһʰǽ
ŤͷҶ˵ʰǽȥЩԵСʬǣձˣݸСԵѰʬǵȻЩʬͻȥ϶УЩΪ˹µ
Ҷ˼һȷܡ
͸뵽ġգ֪ΪΣ붨ҷǵûʲôԽԺˡ
Ҷ̾ΧôˣҲûֱ˵ֻ붨ĻԵۿɼڸ㵱²֪Ҳ޷ǻ׵ġ
˵ͷǰ֮ǿЩҵꡣ
ЩǣǱߣпѾˡ
ɢʱЧǼߵģȥѰʰǽһ֣пơ
ʰǽ࣬Ȼǻ˶پǾ޶Ѱʱѵġ
˼ȥЩ˺ӣȴֵ˺ʬǵҲǵһʱȫ
ϵֶ棬뻯ǰѹԷһļ٣ǷͬСɣȴôöûз֣Ǹ
ҶҲûԴУֱӼѰʰǽĶ顣
·ϣҶܿˣޣУš
ҪЩʲôȴʲô˵
뵽ʱĻɳ磬ķҲǶģѲĺҲǻģ
ޣĪĪ˼֮Щʱ򡣡
Ҷѣ˻ԴЩӵ˼γȥԼ´


87 
ɢ˵ĳ, еһЩҲЭϣܿ콫ڵʰǽҵˡ
ֻǾһʱȴ˵©һ
ͷʰǽ, ôܰ©ˣ
ʰǽǾһ۷׷, ɢ˵Щͷ˭
ǿеͷ߼, ʰǽŻУǲģǺɢûжϵǸͲϵüʰǽ, ЩͷǳҲ࣬ģİܰЩʰǽֳ
Ϣ
ǡҶҲ, һݹͷϢ
һ£ҿǸʰǽͷ᲻ˣ
пܡҶס֣οޣҪ롣ĵȴĵɡ
洫һ󶯾, ɢ˵˴ϲ, Ц״ˣȥӭӡ
ܿɢ˵ӭһŮӽˡ
ˣ۾
Ůӿ, ҲдЦ, ɢ˵˺ѹǰ
, þòɺã
ͷһаáô
䣬һѺҩŮޣ泤ϵ״ӡ
ڷϻԼԿ̩ӡ̡
Ҷ䡣
俴ҶǺϤģϾڷϣֻŮЩ䣬ԼģҲûйȥʺˡ
кԺ㿪ʼֱ⡣
ǵĺӶˣ
ͷһСŮš
ó¼˵һֻС
һ٣ҶתһȦǣӶôˣ
ˣǵĺӣԺӶһСѾû˫ˡ
Ǹʧˡü¼ȻʰöȥʦǻϣһϢһ֪ͨǵġ
ã鷳ˡ
ÿˡ
Ҵȥ
ߺҶ壬ʵѣ
㣬ҾȹҲҡ
ң
ǡϽѺݲϣȻ˵ڷϷһС
ҶȴͻȻ˵ޣȴҪһ˹³ǡ
ڣ
š
ΪΣ⣬ǳʲô𣿡
ѺҩʱԣħսֻǱСģսӶϳССɶԽȴƵƵа޺ħ֣Դôأ
һħĿǱߣ
ˡ²ܴ⣬ޣұҪȥһˣҶҵĸҲҪ顣
촽΢ȴҶˣޣ֪˼ڲ뿪˵һȥ˱һȥͬΪħֵ£һ·߻غϣʱһ֣İȫ޷õϡ
ǣһҲġ
ֻһ˵ĻӦøӷĲŶԣҶѾˣһȥϤ˶ûУᱻ֣Ҳᱩ¶ٺܰȫ
ҶҴС㳤ڱչʱҲȹ³Ǻϵǹ³˺졣
ҶһǸжɣһ㿴ʧȥʱĻͲˡ
Ҷ뿪Ժ忪ʼͶѰ꣬˵Ѱ
Щ棬ΪʲôһӶСŮôҪ
ֻһβҪ
붨ˣڶԺ˵ۡ
岻̫һʲôĶ۵İ£Ǹȥһɽȡ
յ͸оһɴѹˣȴֱǲƵģɫ糣κ
ʱһɲڰȻûвʲô⣬ǳ⣬ûж⣬ǰҲӦñֵĽŶԡ
ѣôˣ
ع񣬿ǵǵĿԼԼֵĲԾǿڵʱȴ֪ΪΣ޷׼ȷı
֮㣡췴־Կ
һʹһʯϢңЩۡ
ַסֱۣĲѣҲֻǻǹϳö֪㲻Ҫ̫ǣȥڴ˺úЪϢ
ã鷳ˡҪʧȥ˼ԺǹڲͣĽţ
ϵͳʲô뿪Ժǿţֱ̱ڵϣ˫ͷ̲סĴţͷʹ
ڷʲôʱ֪֮ӦûŶԣϵͳΪ󣬲ŻὫǰһֱȣѵkѾˣ
һ췽ҹ̷
ʲôܺһ޲ܽԼͷʯϿһģһ
ʵ̫ˣҪͨʹꡣ
𣡡


ǳķУӶɨļǾ޴ʯҲʯĩ
оǹͷʹһ㣬ֱƽϢ󳹵ʧ
ʧȥʶҪ赹ʱһ
ʶģ俴˵òͻȻжȥ˷
оԼһѭʱԱһЦ𣬡ˣһ˯ͦ㰡
ѣӴʵİ
廰䣬˴ˡ
壬û°ɣ˼ţö˶˵ôˣ
Ҳ֪û˵£Ͼʿ֪Уǲṥκ˵ģУǿ϶췣ʮ֮
µ˵û£СŸ뿪ͳˣôС㽻
ҶС㣿ץס˵󣬡ʦ֣ҶСһģ
ǰݸλҶѰǻȹǱɳסʱȹǰôˣ
ҡͷûУû
ǰȥҶС㣬ôҶѰأ
ҶѰһֱ
ͻȻЩֻţһɲĸоĵ
ôˣ壿ͬ˵ءĸ첲ʾ
忴Ŵ۾꣬Сܿɰ۾ˮġ
Ǹʧˡͬ˵ʲô˵һ𣿡
㣬Щ𣿡
Цöˡǰֻ˯һ˯Ѿͺˡ
ץס֣СѾͷܽţ˵㣬˯һҪѹ
⻰Ź˵ģ̫ˣ˯һҲѲˡ
Цű֤ģһġ
꣬ˣǲŽϢˡȸҳȥɣҴȥ˯
ֶ˵⺢Ӻܵ㣬ˡ
Ҷ˯ˣٴβ졣
ӹ˺Ļ⣬˵Ľ
ҴӽȥպÿʰǽڶѹǼܣûȥ㲻ֳ֪жôˣ˹ǶһСӵĹͷƴճġǸȫǹЩʰǽĹＷһģ˼Ƥȫˡ
ȥ˱Ƚ϶࣬ȥñȽ磬ûиʰǽ׼һôﶼںˣ½һαĴˡ
α񣿡һ˵ʲôα񣿡


88 
ͨ, αһµ˽⡣
ϵ⣬Ҫа滻ӶԼĿġ
ϵ, 𣿡
ǵĲ²ǡ̾˿, Щݸ塣
ûˣ
ǰС
á, ɻѹȥʲôϵ񣬿ܶûˣ
ҡҡͷҲ֪, ʦͬ˵ġҡܹ֮ΪܹķʽϵͨԴӼǧǰ״½һϹ޺ƽ֪֮ԽԽ١ֱǰյһʾ
, ǡ
ʲô˼ĵ˼ֲ²⡣
ǰҲ֪ʦͬ˵йԽ죬ֱаټ֣ٽ֮ǰ, ɵϢ˳ȥڵ, ѾڱٱıԵ
ǡأ
һλţֻǴ֮ˡЦǰմһ, Գ, ط֤ʵȷʵ
ʲô첻, ΪͶ϶Ǿǣδ̫ḡһЩ
ĵͬĻҪάһԼɡ
δ
δҲȥĹ޷Ԥ֧δĳɹ
֮ôһˣȻǾ
̹ӶʲôһЦ
̾˿˵һ԰øǿ󣬻óıҪ
Ҫʲô
ҪŮӣС
ǡҴδĸ֮ô˵ùŹֵĹҵǸˣĲаôЦаô˷ҲҪ˼ɣɼ˹Ƕô񡣡
̾˿ڸеλ˵˻ʦ˷˳һְ
Ǹ屾ܵضδı֮˸оϲ̫ˣҹǿᣬ˼˵Ĳͬ
ЦʦԴ˲ҲȥҸֻ͵͵˳ȥҩȴһӣǱҪҪظˡ
ҵʦöڸУǡò⣬ҲΥʦԸҲΪ
忴˾ᣬϽȰţ֮ܽʱ˼ͽհˡĪԼԡ
ˡ̾˿ˣ˵ȥ壿
ôˣؿôͻȻĿ¡
Ҵȥһ壬һλʦҲԽּ⡣ȥһλʦ
ΣգҪǰȥ
ͷ̶ѨҲҪ¹״½İΣܶҡҵʦʦ֤һǾҲô֤ݻȥø⡣
һ𡣡¶ģҲΪԵʲŷ죬ٰץ
ΣҲҪңֻһǰ·ߣһҲá
ȥһ˰ɡʵΣգⱡ
ΪҪҪ˺飬ȥˡ
׼뿪˺꣬Ҫȥġ
Ҳû˵ԺĬĬǰΪҪչ˴С㣬ʶСҲ뿪ˣͬһȥ
ʦ֣Σգ㡭
ΪΣԲҪȥ㲻ضԣûʲôҪ׼ģھͿԳ˵ȥʸǱߴһʱ䣬һ˾ȥ㡣
˴Ӵȡһֻֽŷ뿪ˡ
ߵʱ򣬼Ϊᣬ˺ˣСһۿ졣
߰ɡҲ᲻СѾͷǰ굱׹Ůˡ
˺ߣûԼħŮߣȡԺ˵仯ģ
ŵ˲ν
俴Ѿױħ壬ʵʲôֶΣ
һ۷ˡ
˾ش壬ĺЩĽ˵㻹жֶҲ֪ģһֱһദôĻԵôࣿ
ЦЦˣ߰ɡЩ£Ȼ˵
ȷʵ̲ݻаǶĵֶΣҪǰ
˴űˮ飬ˮ׵жǳĳ죬䣬еѼӡ
ȴζԼĪһʱͻȻо˼ǿڽž
ܵһɺȴ˵ħ
ȥιȥԶԶĿһħɱ
ħҲϢħ壬ħ޲ûԸֳ⣬ҲǾ
ϾħŹ֣ǺԼɱЩħˡ
ħǿħ޵ģٲħħޣΪħ޾Ƿǳʶģ֪ͶѰɿĿɽ
ħޣʻ
ħնɱ˺Ժվػ
֪󻤷µһħޡ
Ϊ󻤷޽ħޣµħģǲģħ޶ԸͶ
֮෴ľһˣһޣתɵħޡ
뷨ǣµֶܵңȻͷħħ嶼òˡ
Լ趨󻤷µħʹ¶ԺǼħ޶̬ʮѺá
ħʹˣһħǰħʹ֣СļħʹЩ֪ħʹ֮ǰ
ѾһǸûоħˣһħ޿ʼɵһֱ̣Ӱ
һ½ħ޶סˡ
忴ЦʹǰǰźʲôݣƾҲʹ
ħĻһˡ
ߺȺħ޲ظ˿ڴ໥õȥǰǸħ޷
Ǵʲô˵˵㣬ʲôʱçײˣ
ֻӣҲ㾯衣
Ǵǵ£Щħ嶼ϲˣܻžͲˣ㻹ʵħ°
Ȼ֪ԺһϷԺ˺ӭ
Σ
ЩŹ֣Ǽħ޿ŶѰһħޣȻҵңΪЩŹ֡
ħĵȼײֻر𼫶ˣһѪۡ
ħǿΨʵǱѪΨ
ķΪżһ֮£ΪķѪûһ
Ҳʱħ֪ʶ˽⵽Щģֲһ̫ӣȴħӸλ
ԭΪѪ
˵ħѪԽǴڵħҲԽ󣬶ħ³çбɱ¾ƺһѭˡ
ħĸ߲һģħƺָտɴˡ
ǲ֪ǸλϵħʲôƢԣǷһһ޶
뵽ѵһ˿ڴ


89 
²ûü, Ϊħʱɱйߣһ·Ǽħ޶, ǱطΧ
÷ǳ, ѲصĶӳ١
ħٴԶͿ壬ԣ
١忴, ΢˿ôһʶġ
ٿԵʱܸˣǿŵޣ
͵λҼҴ˰޽ѡ
֪һµħʹ, λһҲЩ˽⡣
Ľͣٵ˵ͷ˲ϲޣǱԴ, ǾҰٵѡλôƺ
˳һˣոջΪҪˡ
˹ֵ
Ǹֵ֡ûôڣֹһ䣬Ȼ䡣
Ц٣Ұٱɡ
ðɡ, ҽ, ǽҰپͺáٶʵ˴Ҫ峤Ұ˵ħ, Ҵȥɺ, ڣױ𻵡
廹ǹֵĹֱ, ʲôֱԲ䡣
Ǳȥɡ·
ٸ˵ϴ֮󣬺ܴ˵ħҪȥ޽翴ԡҳˡ
û뵽ΪԼôһڣȻһ˺ħġ
̾˿ֻбҺܵá
ٿˣʵ޽߶ãɷչһҿԸǱ
ߵٵߣֵ˵ʲôãáģ޽ˣһ氢ٺúչõġ
̫ˡΨһһҲޡ
ǰ޶᣿Цź׻
ٶһ£˵ţЩޣһҾץҡ
˿٣ˣŮɫǳȷʵЩ֮˻Ϊ֮ա
˼Щأͣ޶аģħҲƣ޴ӿڣʱ˿̣˫ݶǲԵġ
ˣָͣǰټɺ齨ɵĹ沼˺ܳʱ䣬رÿҴǽȥ
ٰǴȥˣϾϳʳ
Ѿȥ֪ͨˡҿȳԵ㶫ȴĴҲѵ÷һ¡
忴ǰЩɫϴûʲô𣬲˼µСİˡ
˿壬ˣ˲Եĳһ㡣
һٵİˡ
ϻһЩŭ⣬óѹԼĻ強һЩЦڿʱɫֳ˼֡
֪ħʹ˴ǰΪΣ
ʹҪһʦ
˻һɫˡ
ô
͵͵С˵ʦȥ㿪ʼأһʱգҹȥˡ
ʲôɫҲ
ǡʱ峤ˡ
ٵĸ׺峤Сһ峤˶뿪ֻˡ
ʦȥµʦΣ
峤ڸλɫأϴûмλ峤ҲͲ֪峤ϴʱҪࡣ
ԴˣҲ㡣ԭüεʦǺ¶ɺ¶ȥ޽磬ʦ˵СԭʦҲձҴȥˣʵ̫ͻȻһֶҲûС
Ҳ˵ʦ˴С
Ϻܲÿʲô취
峤ҡҡͷħʹˣ峤Ҫġ
¶ѧʦռ
峤ٶҡͷʦ˵ļ̳УҪһʦľͷΪһλʦֱӴڡķҵҲ֪ڴ֮ǰҵ֪ʦ˰ж˺¶ǸѾͷΪ̳ˡ
ûǰ֪ҲǸѾͷʦʱ뿪
˼µȻԼϡ
ϴ˺¶º¶ħ壬ȥ޽磬ʦС
˴Ѱʦİȴպܿˡ
оһڤڤ֮Ϸˣ֮⡣
˵λڰеа
ϾڵѾˡ
ϵͳʦʲôˣ
ϵͳݿûؼأϵͳҲ޷Ϊµһÿһ嶼һˣʱеһ֮ǧǧ򡣡
ʦĴжˣǲζһҲˣͻȻоһϮ˼ԭӦúйͨһٵľɱΣǲǴȻҲڸˣ
ݷС
Ʋȴ87%
Ѿһܸߵĵˡ
أȺأļ١
ϵͳûоݱ޷ֻܸһδ֪Ľ
ɫ仯峤Уٵİȥȡһ
峤һڷɫˮʯĶ壬ʦռõģʦǰѰｻ衣ħʦԣҵȲҲӡ㽻ˡ
˫
俴Ǹ۾ϸ΢仯֪伫пϵġ
峤лǶպԺ󣬱ҪǱ뿪
뿪ȥ·ٴΪϺֱǰȫֵߡ
ˮ渡һؿ壬ԣãҺúչҪغס
˵ԺǱ˺
ûףһӦ٣
ȴӦ
˿弤ģЩǵ壬ôˣ
ʦ֣Ҫдˡ
֪ᷢʲôٽΪ۰úǵиɼ²С
¹ĴҲһ
ʦɣ´ͷ˶֪һ㡣ૣҲ֪ҪʲôҸô
ȴһаֹа񣬱¡ȻҲУǲֹڴˡ
ͷ˵û
ͻȻ뵽ںʱʦǶ˳
䣺ǶҲһ飬ǵˮɫȷʵɫġ
ͼգЦֲǽ󡣡
ȴ˷ЦԽ
壺Ǻ
ʦ˵µģɫʯԿ֮̽ãɫʯ̺֮Ȼ޷ֱʹãǳڽӴԸ򣬽ʱֱӷϽ硣
ҡͷˣʦͲˡҲᱻһСƭ
Ц̫ˡ
С
ǿʯͷȷʵԸ򣬳Ϊµִߣֱնɱа񣡡
ڻس̵;УΪϵͳһ仰㷲
أ
һֱ֪Ҫ۵ģҪΪԼĶǮȻҲջ񣬵ջδ֪ġ
ǰΪ˶ٻһǰǾ
ϵͳĳĬЦô򣿡
ϵͳͻȻڣڸԺ뿪һ磬ϵͳؼҡʱԻµ壬ӵ޾¿ʼӭõ
ͻȻЦվڷϣµһй⾰
ˣСϵͳ֪ģ˵ĻؿңҪ֪Ĳϵͳ򣬽顣һӣңҸôɡ


90 
ϵͳҴ˵Ҫ°汾, Ȼװʧˡ
ͻȻЦ¶ˣϵͳֽ, û취ֱӻӦ
ųԵĹ, ﷢Ц˸еһЩ档
ⶼʲôʱ, ȻЦó˿ڷЦҲѵ÷һЩ
˵ʦ֣Ҹո뵽һ£˵ħûµɫʯ
ʲô˼һʱûô, ǡʱ
ħҲʾ
аĻħӦҲ޷һֻɣ岻Ǻ˽Щֻͨϵͳ͸¶ֻƬΪжϣ䲻һ, ԭס֪Ķ϶ԼҪࡣ
ϸ˼һ˵Ҳ̫˽⣬ʦӦ֪ǰͬ˵֮µˣʦ˵, , ѭŹ֮״½ѣƬµÿһλ޷һ١
Ľͣ˶ʱ˵˼·
ǻʲôǸϽȥ, ʦʣ˵˼֪ƽأ
ʧЦ, ЩΣʦϣ
Ц֮һʧ, ʦһȥ󵽵ˣ˭Ҳ˵ãȻȥʦļƻô죿
˿յڷȥҲУҲСаǶ𣿡
ҵһ취ǲ֪ܲܲɡ忪ڡ
˶һۣżæŵشߴţ壬ʲôʱˡӣʲôֱ˵ɡ
ΪǸѰŮ𣿡
˶˵ɴ۾壬˼ˣ壬㲻ȥɣ
šɫ֮࣬ǰҾˣʱұԾҪɱɽΪӰӹ˳ûˡ֪ôȥ󣬲ҳΪν֮ǳģұҪȥ
ܾвУ̫ΣˡҾ׼
ʲôð취
˳Ĭ
ЦǾҵİɡ취ɱ죬ٰɫʯ
һ٣漴ʵҪʲô
Ϊа취ԸаˡóöɫʯϵͳЩ˵ˡ
ĵһӦһùŹֵ塣
ûô࣬ص̫ˣаǾͶȫˡ
仺ţ߱Բ򵥣ҪĲǸɣҪʲô
ĻҲֲˣŵؿ壬壬ʲô˼
û˵ֻǿЦţиõİ취ûУ˭
УôˣΪʲôҪ㣿Ҳͬ⣬Ϊ޽粻ԪӤڣǿҲ츳޴һʴӱԵ˼ߵһƾʲôҪ㣿
ΪҲ
ĻƿڣùŹֵ񣬼Υ͵ض塣
ãʣҲģôԤûд
ȷʵˣոԤԣ֮˱Ǿߣ˲һ˶Ǿ֮ˣֻǼٵһ
˽仹ƫġ
ϾȰ͸һ֮ģۼ˵ġ
ĹаͲ֮ˣôǾأ
²˳٣ȥʦ˵һС䰴壬ڴ֮ǰ㲻ҪһжʵǹڹŹ֣¡
вҡ
ѵ÷һΣ࿪ڣ֮ǰ򲻹㣬ôùȥˣɳʲôز˵𣿸οֶΣһصоıƣʤ³ô죿
˲巴Ļᣬаɡ￴ϲġ
ЩΣλֽͷůȴ䴫Ϣ㡣
ߺ˱㿪ʼ粽塣
Ǵӷ뿪ڸһʱЪš
ǵɫǡôʱͻʱڣ˺ܶ࣬ԶĽʿҲࡣ
屻˴ջڿջĴ߿ˣżŵĻԡ
˸̾
Ӧһ˵ʦ֣ѳٳûдϢ᲻ʲôˣ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô֪ڲܷʲôš
ٵȵȣʱûϢõϢЪɫ˼ʼоǰŪķ󷨡
ΪҽޣŽһЩҩȥ
֮ǰ¶Ҫޣ˳ٳҲᡣ
ҲܵϵħܲѹסԺ᲻йһ졣
ʦ֣ϢɡҪԼ̫
Ű²߲еˣʲôʸ˵ң˿ЦȰ֮ǰԼú÷һ°ɡ
һһţ鷴
ҲȲϢһҲû취ɣ˺ϼһ£ɴȥǵʻˣҲ÷һ¡
Ϊ˵ƫòһǱ·
˱ɫҩֲܶȥκĴ󴬣ŻΪʢĺڤ꼻
˵ڤɷϵĻ꿪һΣһֻһ˲䡣
Ϊ⻨˴ѣԲʿĽ
ģѰ˸ط£һԱһŮҲˡ
ֻעǻΪ꼻ϣûע⵽ԱߵŮӡ
ŮҲûк£ʱʱŻųڻ壬һСƷš
忴Ż˼ǧŵһŨľ㣬ͻȻĿߵĿ˿˹ȥ
һİȷʵϤĸо
촽΢ţҪ˵㱻ݵǰһƸˡ
ӹƱСһ£ЦҶѺʱģ
һˣ㿴ǻΪģûпڴ㡣
Ҷѣǻǰ𣿡
ԡҶѰ꼸ԼƱЦ꼻㾡УֻΪһһεչաǱʶã⻨ǧ꣬ͬǴʢһ㡣ǿڽʽһһΣһһڱڣ⻨һǿɱ̾
ĬĬȴЦ˭˵һҪ˿أ뿪㿪ˣ
Լ˵ȤģҲҶѰǰŪʶһ˵ЦŶƱһСڡ
ֻ̧ͷʱͻȻҶѰڿǻչ꼻
㽫עе꼻֮ϣҿֱǶ̶һ˲ȥˣҲûиʲô
֮ʣͻȻǳǳƹΧҶѰߣһСƵġ
ֻǳƵĹһ͵оϤȴֱ治ǵʲô
ֱ仯ҲǺܶݵģ꼻ŻҪݡ
弸ҪΪԼĴ
ʱ巢ҶѰ꼵෢һЩϸ΢ı仯
֮ǰҶѰΪ˲¶Լڣ忴֮ǰϤݣȥͰݣתΪһĮ
忴Щľнһɵ֮⡣
ǰҶѰ꼣о֮ľܽҶѰ꼾ǸȺ֮еͨˣȻҲ⣬ϵİݸ˺һС
ҶѰ꼸һ־У߲ԶߵľС
лЩҪ壬һڡ
ҶѰ꼴Ҵȥԭػ
˺һŷ⴬˴޴Цз֮࣬мΪ꼻붨ȴ֪Ϊħ˽ٵüͷǻĺ顣
ȻվǶѾлĻЦ
Ѱ꼣ˡ
Ҷħ壬ħԣԣǰһƽݵĸоȥħ֮ԣҶѸ߲ʵУҶԡ
ѾǼߵľˣĻҶѰ꼼̷ҲǿԵġ
ֻǡ
ͻȻį֮С
ҶѰͬԵߣǣҶѰ꼲ԭ
ҶѰ꼾һһԼϡ
뵽ĳˣ֪ô죬δԼһĹϵһ˳ɹ·ϵ谭


91 
صջûһ, ˱Ȳĳķ䡣
忴ţ΢΢ۣ˶ʱ, Ǹ, յѵŸˣ̫ˡһʱ촳˽
ˣ, ӴһŻƷֹȥ
ϣ񴫵ݶ
ʦ, ƻС
㲻κεȴʰҪ뿪
˸ϽߣһʱǱ㣬ٴ⻨뿪
ǵ޹ء
ڹ, Ǵ˴αҪȥ֪ܲˡޣ仯״޴İչת֮Уǰ
, , ӵӦ֡
ʦ֣ǰˡҲŻٶ, ڹͣ, ̲ܽԺŵǡ
ǵʱߵһλʡ
λ, Ĺô̲ԽϽˣ
˿һۣϷİɣ
ǡ֪ε֪ģЩ⡣
ЦϷĲ֪ҲԴȥ꿪ʼ½½ħ޳֡طħ޵Ĺ֪³ǣ
ͷȻ֪³ǣҶСļұڹ³ǣ˴ҶСرҲҪع³ǡ
˵֪³ǵħŰ
֪ѿɷϸ˵ߣָָǰһҾ¥ǲһԶٷɡ
Ǿ͵Ʒˣ֪γƺ

ѣ¼
ѣǱ߳Ա˵ȥԷ
˸ԱһԲԼĵʹڸС
Էʱ˿е֪³ȥ귢һҶŰ飬ڹ³ץ˽ħޣбħֿƵĹ³ǳ
̾˿ǰһһ˵ϧ³ЩҲǳλԪӤܵģѴϷԪӤΪжһλԪӤʿڱǱ㾡һ֮Ĵڡħɺޣħֿ˽һԪӤʿ
ͷҵҲǱ߳ȥģ׵ġ
һҲǱˣʱֶ˼еĸо֪ѱˣ
ݸȻûʵʵ˵ݸһʱ䣬ҲϤ˵Ҳ±˿Ʋ𴩡
ݸ̾һҲȿ
ݸôˣϷһжȤΪѾ֪ħڱҪдҶСص˱Σķı
Դ˸ǵĲѡ
̾˿渵ݸ¡
ʱ˿̵ݸҲ˵ǰ㣬šѪȣ˿ϷħսҪ϶١
ݸһα˴ģ޳
Ҷոյֵݸ㱻ݸĸ˳⡣
ΪβܽˣҶоЩɫܲãʱոս³ǵ£׼ȥһ˹һλ
볤мֽ飬³ħһ£Ҫϱһ˵ҶѾ𣬿ţ㲻ܶҶҵΡ
û뵽ݸ
Щͷ˶ûʲôŴۼڳˣǰַһ޳ߡЩûбȾš
Ⱥӵ
Ҷüȥ겻һ޳𣿡
ҲǼ䲻⣬˭˵أʲô취ү˵ҪһΣ˭ܹܵס
ɴûܼı޳ôˣ
췣϶췣
죡˺ݶĳͷ֮˻
⻰ɲҺ˵˭ôĵӣôͣôµ˻
Ҷûںʱڵļ䣬Ҳ֪ݸǰ׷ʲô
ֻڳļ죬˵ݸϳٳɱˡ
ҶǸһӹͬеɣ˾Ȼ߱
˵ٳǼٵģٳٳ仯ٳģɱϳ
ҶľݸȻЩ顣
һ˵лħӰ
ħ󻤷ѡħ֣㽫ĸ߽ʿħޣħϢǳΪܡ
ҶüͷݸĿջס˼죬ЩԺҶܾúܻơ
һ·Щ£ȷʵ֤ħȷˡ
ǰħֻսϴޣھȻѧᱳС
ħ岻ħսҲûгЪ˳޽Ĵ㡣
һֱݷĿʼˡ
˼죬ҩȺɢ˵ˣ֮ǰݸߵһˣɢ˴ӵľȻɢ˵
ڳʱȺɨһۣһϤӰһֻݵغѩʨ
Ҷߣ¶һĨЦ⡣
ɢ˺ҩȵԺ󣬺ܿݸߵõ˿ƣΪԮüʱԲûжԱ
ҶҲԽˣոսݸյһ
Ҷ¥һۡ
Ҷϵ¥ֹѾڴ˵Ⱥˡ
Bò
ɢ˾BһɫΪصδ⸱ģˣ
ԪӤڵȻܷҶĲԾһΪ֮޵ҶҴС㣬ټǻ֮״Ϊδֺ
B֪ؾ֮Уҷֱ֮󡭡
˾B̾˿ħ壬ء
Ҷû˵˾Bɵ¥ƲѾã¥ʹһɡ
ҶȷʵϲƣЩ⶯Ź˾B¥
ʱҶұţһ봦ݸ£ȥ³̽һ̽١㡣
˾BĻҶֿЦģҶȷʵšǰЩʱջ˹³ǣ֮ȴľķҶţǹ³ڵİħޡҴ˴뿪ǰ
ؾһұչˡǰЩʱղųأͷѾ췭ظı仯˾B겻ѣҶȻ˴ѡ
޳ҲӦҶģؾյħ޹ʱ򣬾ʹ־һ·ӲдصҶң׳Ժ֪Ҷҵĸֻʱ⡣
㹻׼ҶҳôãʹԼҲñҲûʲôźԡ
˾Bɫ糣ûж԰οֻ˼
Ҷľɣˡ˾BоԼЩԺʱͣ˾Ʊ
ߣƿ˴һѪ¹ϡ
˾BˣʱѴ롣
Ҷһۣվǡ
ħҪˣ˾Bд󺧣ħΪģֻһλˡ
ҶѰ꼡ҶѪ£ڼ
´ˡ˾Bļ٣ħһħήħħܹΪħΪܹһЩѪħһϴᴿ츳
ʱħȻûħһƣħսҪһء
ħսħǴδϳħ޽չģʽͬ
޽дϳѹΪ٣ħħԳΪܡ
޽Ҫɳǿ߱սʵһ棬ʿһ档
ħ岻һħħܰȻħΪ٣ħħĵڡ
ʿħ屾һ߱ɱб壬ɱ¾ǵͷãȫҪνʿʱһЩ߽ħΪܹƶսսѹһЩħ壬һ㣬սϸõϾս
Ѫ¾һǲ֪ΪͻȻ˱仯
Ѫµɺɫȥ׵¹䣬֮ǰ߱ɱ֮ȫʧˡ
˾Bȴӽˣħʧˣ
ħʧܣ޽Ǻ£Ͼħܻҡ
ħ嶼һȺӣ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô޽ҲҪͿ̿ˡ
ȡ
˾B󴫳Ķ͵ػͷȥҶȳһѪ漴˹ȥ
˾BǴĽޣҶ˿̵Ϊʲôֻܼææҩҽʦ̸


92 
ҩȵҽʦ˼Ժ, ȷҶûʲô⡣
ûôȥ㵽ûкúü飿
ҽʦƢλҪ꣬һ˭ҽޣٺ־͸ҹȥ, ߵ㣿
˾B, ˵ʲôû˵
ȴ, ־ۻ꣬ɾۻҲȫвּ䱻ˡʵǹŹ֡
ʲô˼˾BߣŻеҶ, ˵˶˶֣
¶ֻ֣ǳ˲ּ䡣Ϊĳְȫǣֻǡ
˾BȻ򣬡֤ݣ
ܰɡµ˿϶ǿ󣬳ҵǿ󡣡ҽʦһĳء
˾Bͷ˿Լ, ֿ˿ҽʦһԪӤڣһԪӤڣ㲻ǿ󡣡
ҽʦסҪ۵ĳ嶯˵֮㸸ĸҪǿ󡣡
˾BĬ, ĺǿˡϾĸǿ֮, ״½ûмִΪʲôҪҶֱ֣ɱˣǳĲּ䣿
ΪҪ˾B, λϱĶ̫, ҪЩʲôǸĿǰ, ļ䲢Щ
ҶѪ𣬿ĴñˣǾ֤ļ䲢һĻ
ҽʦ룬̾˿ң˭һʻС
ʲôʱѣ
֪ҽʦٴҡͷ
˾Býһ춼˳ǽҽʦԺ󣬸Ĳ˳ġ
ҽʦڰ֣ˡ߰ɡ
ҽʦҲ޳ոչȥҲſѹȥó˺ʱߣľ鷶ΧڣҲá
ҽʦ뿪Ժ󣬹˾BҶһԱţϣҶЩѹ
ֵֻµ˶ǰ㱨طһЩ飬˾BҲû취ݸ
˼֮еҶ뿪
ȻؼңǷɢǰشЩ顣˾Bʰ׵£ԼҶ뿪
ؼҵ;У˾BԼĸǶԴæ˻᲻żңǰ˴ŹȥϣǿԺڼжգȥԺ󣬰æѵĲ㡣
˾BؼҵʱûܿĸӰʵ̫ˣϾټɢȫ˼ڳţ޽ж࣬鲻ϣ˵ֱһսұˣΪ˽췣ĸҪȥ˽紦¡
ڤԨħӡҲɶļ󣬹˸ǰӹ̷ӡ
ʵϵĵҲ򵥣ֻǲĶ໹ܳһţܳһºѡ
Ҳ˴𣿡˾BŹܼʻ
ܼҰڳһΣڽѾ·ˡСٵգ˻зӡ
˾BϲҪ
ǰţѾ·ˡ
ǾͺãǾͺá˾B˿õΪͣҪǴľϵ޽ҽĸҪࡣ
˾BҲû취යֻܼܶңչҺѣԺΪҽΣǴҲû취ǲһǰҩȡǴзӣرţеϣûеȥҡ
ǡСģūһԸİ졣
˾BЩģԺ뿪
»صݸΪո뿪ɢ˲ãݸִϢдСʧˡ
Сʧش󣬹˾Bòַ

ѶԶ㺰ż
ӪļλĬһĴѶϣ˵һϢ
ʧˡ
˾Bоһŭ𣬿һȺˣλʲô˵ģ
һȺһ仰Ҳ˵
˵̶һ£ݸһ˵󲻴˵ССĵط޳ʱߣСʧȺ˶ʲôԵģɢ˹Уǵ쿴һķ޳Ե
ʲô˾BͲȺϼһˣһˣΪ᲻ȥռŴԴȥԼС¾֪໥ָ
˾Bνڣ»ûһͰǼеС͹ɡ
˾BŵĻһȺɫ뿪Ժ˾Bߣ̽ţҪǵĺ
Żһٰˡ˭ҵĺӲǺأ㿴ɢӣû쵽ԼҺϣ˿ż˾B˵ѹסŭ
Ļ˿ֵѹ֮ǻ޷أ
ݸɢפأԻһ쵼ˡﲻҪҪռԴµķ
Ļŵͷ뷨ûһҲǺõġ
١˾BЦ
Ļźһͣ͵ؼһЩû뵽λӵֶС
Ҫһи߲ʿɲ򵥣㲻û᷸ŭҽô˶أ
ڵʲô˾BҶˣ
ԼĪʮˡ
ʮ갡ʮǰοҽ֮£
ʮǰԼ
ʱΪ᲻ȥҲ޷ţֻ΢һЩҪһΪҶ⣬ڡ
Ļ֮תͷЩźͳǰһⶼ⡣
֮ˣЩطĵطѾ̸ŴѿأǮȨεԼУ
ʱ˽ʱݸ棬»ϲɣ
ºͿˣЩʧ˳ġ
˾BЦûã¾ͽ죬ϣ׵á
ġһʧ
Ժ󣬹˾Bָ˳Զûֳô˳Ƶᡣ
ȨߣǸ߸һһоǧΣȨߣȴ֪ԼΪ׶Բԡ
ϣܾܣΪ޽һЩıɡ
˾BﴫѶõ˹ܼҵĻظ˵ǹѾˣϸոտʼѶ㱨
˾B˿򵥵ҩϢһԼƣ壬֮´ǰȥǰ׮ӡ
ⰸʵǼ֡
ջڣż˵ݸ¡
ԽԽľżѣСʧٵİӿǽˣ
ҡҡͷ֪Ҵݸʱﻹڲ鰸Ǹѵõĺˣ¸ѹܴ󣬲֪ʱܲϣүĪҪǲǡ
ԣλȷʵüĻЩ֣Ȼ˵һͨݸ£֮λʮֵƳ硣
ִϿĵһЩ׷壬ҲλСԵܡ
岻֪£ͼֱԺ󣬼ֻһطظһ˵ǣֱ֮ҵһʷʯ
ڹ죬ȻԼʱ䣬һϵȴǰ
Щһӡ
ʦֿǵĳֱʣ
һ㶣漴ҡͷǵЩһֲõԤУʲôᷢһ㡣
ûüϸʣԶ죬˶һϤ
˴ӰһŮںϵȺǡ


93 
ѣ
λŮ޹, ţʦ㣬庭
ʦ㡣
һͬλʦʺá
ʦǸˬˣڰЦؿ, ʦ˵֮ˣ
һЩ, ΪλʦҪ֤һû뵽ֻһûټ˵ȥˡ
ʦ˵Ҵ˴γʦ֮ȫЭ, ֪ҪЩʲô
Ҫӽ졣
⡭ʦЩΪѣǵǣԸ壬ӽ²
Ըʦĸ˽̫õԵ, ҪеԴˡ
ضǣѣһҪɱ, ʦ޷ңҲ취
⼸ʵǹڰˣʱᷢһ䣬ɽʵǹڳĬˡ
忴һˣ˿ûвĹעͷһӡ
䳶˳庭, , ʦ㣬֪зӣѰɡҲֻа취Ըˡ
ûͷ, Яϵͳ, ϵͳǴ˽֮̺ǳǿ, ǲаι󣬿º
ʦ˼
˼ʱ򣬼Ϣ˭ҲûгԴ
ֱʦصص˵ͷ漴¶һĨЦ⣬лʦˡ
ѿˣǸллŶԡ
庭˾׼ʦ𣬡ʱʦͬ£еԱ˴˴Ѷбһ֪ͨǵġ
ͷʦˡ
ˡ
ʦ뿪Ժץֱ֣֮¡
˵ҪŮӹУŮӱϡ٣еǼҲǸʦıǲԸҲûǿ󡣾ҲֻǱһЩֶԺ󣬸񱻼λͬѹȥ
ʦ˵ˣҪҴϢȥҲû취Ȱ˵Υ
ΪʦλϻڱȻѾʼôΪ޽Ԥ˻мֿأ
ǸԻˣôһָԴ
ĹʵǹаȻҪôŮӸУɣӹУһ䣬гһа˵ĵĶȣЩ˻ֱӵı
Ǽϼ֮£Ǿ־塯ĸʱְٽΪϵĿ䣬ÿίСΡʱס
䣺ʦΪ¶ࡣ
ܹ뵽ҪְһλҪѶʱ侫û뵽ʦȻˡ
˿ݣȻԸŮһĵģǶλ仹Ƿǳء
λĵλܸߣÿնҪʵ£һûͻȥĸо
ÿΪĴ±ϵͳѶʱԺ
ֱһҹϵͳ漱ٲѰҵŮȡˣϵͳпܻػ
쿪ʼûϵͳôܹأ
Բô˵ϵͳǾԲܳµġ
ֻܰҹ͵͵ȥŮˡ
жʱ庭Ĵű㷢˳ȥ
ʱĿᷢ
ܵ˵ɱ⣬δĽҲżˣ޲Ͼʹɱķ
ߣ䣬һĲɣȴԼ״̬
͸һΥ͸Уߣֻϧʱûܷ˵۶Ҫɱ졣
͵͵뿪庭ڱ
ѣ庭֪αܿϵϵͳأԶԶرһ룬ڸ죬Ҳ췢
壬жٰգ
˷Ӱʱų׻عһʧǵӣؿǸָĹӰ
ͷһˣ̽񿴵ĵЩë
˵ͷ˿Լ壬壬ôˣ
ʦ֣Щ񡣡
ҲڲϰЩˣҲǽһϣ⼸춼ˡ
һãȻӣ𣿡
ӣԼûʶʲô⡣
ꡣʾ˱˵ˣָָķǱ㿴ȥһҾ¥
ɻ󣺡ҪŮˣôȥЩŮ˶ĵطң
˻˵˼¥֣õͬɵ
ûȥֻ˵ЩطŮ˸డ
ЦԵѺһ¡
ʲô
壺ʦ֣˺õŮӣ¥̷ļж󣿡
⡭һţҰ¸ˣң
ע죬˾¥֮к˸Ͻϡ
ھ¥⣬庭ǻˡ
ô죿˿һǸƵĴ¥Է˶ǷǸģҲ֪Ŀ˭
廷ܣͷʦ⿴أʦֽȥ
أָָԼ
壺ȥš
˵ȥźˣ˽¥
ȥԺ˺͵Сչ׻ѯľȥ
Ժкϵͳʱˣ㻹Ҫװ𣿡
Ρϵͳɹ
ϲŵϵͳȼļˡΪܷ񡣡
֮ǰ𣿡嶼챻Цˣδ̫׾ˡ
ԲҲ㡣ȷʵǱĻ
صǸȻûоҵͬͰңҴ磬û㣬ҵǸѾˡ
ԲҲ޸ļ䡣
ʲô˼һֲõĸоѵҲǴԽģ
δݣϵͳ޷֪һһжʵġ
ͻȻһ룬ԭˣȥԺְ˻
δݣϵͳ޷֪
ǾûˡͻȻоһŰˣֲִûһֿ޴ǹ鴦Ļָ̿Уԭʱһֱ硣
ܾǰħսħҰܣħ岻ıѹǴ㾡ȫ֮۸ȡܹ֮һеıڵħ𡣡
ԣһֱڰȥɱħҶСǷҲ㰲ŵģͻȻò
ϵͳһ˲е˻ҸС
ҪᣬδӺκˡҶǵǱϵͳΪϵͳļƻ֮⡣
ϸһ£ĽҲȴǺϵͳ޹ء
ϵͳһûԼĸϲãҲͲ趨֮£ĿôҶСƶħ޽ļƻϵͳ˵кġ
ϵͳûɻô
㡣˵꣬ȥ¥һ䡣
С壬ھ졣
ϵͳȷϵͳ޷𣿡
ǳȷϵͳǱӦЩߵĿ̽еġ
ôһ㽾Ǳˣ䵽һزˡ
֪ʲôʱʼ⣬k飬֡ǵkƷоͻᱻӽⷽ硣


94 
ϵͳ̹, ˸˽⡣
ϵͳǳҶģܾϵͳЩû͸¶
ϵͳӦȷʵˡкܶϵͳ֮ǰҵķʩѾɸѡһ֣ϵͳֵ̫, kѾԸ, ֻܰˡ
ϵͳͨʱעŸڵĶ
, С壬˵»ֵͦġ˵ǻ᲻ᷢ
ᡣϵͳĴڣֻ˵ԼԵ, ε̽顣
Ļ˿²ѯļƻ
壺ҵʵĻᣬֱɱ
΢һ£
ʦ, ʵôҪǰá㹻ǿʱ򣬶ԸֻҪ䲻㹻ˡ
ϲȣΪԼûУԷǳĽ
ȥǽǣŶĶ, ֻǶڵʵʵ, ̽
˴򿪰ţĿš
壬壡˺, ѹֺܼ, óʲôشķˡ
˱ȥ鿴
͸ŷ쿴ϤӰ
ôǣСֹ
ǹ, ͵ͰߵǺġ
ҪҪǹʣǲĿɣ
ü˵Щ
Ҳ˵͵Σߵ˾Բ򵥣˼ҿʵĵϵǸ硣
Ͳ򵥡
嶪˸Сʯȥ˰ߵĽűߡ
߽Ųһ٣ʯ㶣мЦ˭ֶôӣȻַǵע⣿
˳ž͵߿˹ȥͿŷＷԴ
۾һҪµʱ򣬿ʳָڴϣ˸Ķ
סž͵֣첽ȥ
ôﰡ
ߺ;ͽĸ䣬Ժ߲˸ԺȲĿ˵ˡ
ȥһͨͣ߱ӿȻˣ˵ǳҺ;ģ
ûͷھ͵ϡ
һʱղ͵Խˡ
ѽɺãʺ
ʧЦһ·㲻úãҲ
ˣҲѰ
ͷ˵ʲô
£ԭȼƻΣ
˵߶ҽյÿձˣԹ뿪ԭµżһ䡣
ȭƣ˵ԭСӾǱģԹ˽ȥ
ȻˣǾȥɱֲվҲ˳
סЩε˵侲һЩĪҪꡣ
ǵȻɫˣô侲˵Ī裬ұҪúýѵ硣ߣһԪӤڰˣɾҧ
˵Ŀ֪ʱ䲻Ƕ˴ԵһΪǵ
ֻδᵤ
ʦ֣
˻񣬿塣
۵ǣʦ֣⼸ôˣģ˵Ĳѡ
Ǹ̾˿Ҳ֪ô£һЩ谭ľҲЩ
ҪοȻʱڴһЩ
Ǿ޴һըëʲôˣ
ſֱڶȥŰߺˡ
崳ȥʱ򣬱㿴һ˴
嶨һһˡ
˭˺òɿܳѯʴ˭
ʱ뵽ˣ֮ǰȥ׵ʱħŮ߸ıݣǰ˲ʶҲġ
Ǻҳߵλٵú¶
ں¶˭ʱͷ壬һ뵽֮ǰνҪȡļƣ챾ܵĿʼùġ
쿴ͬɱˣǣ󺰵øպãһɱͷˣǾͷˣ
¶һˣɱڶ𣬲Ƕ죬Ƕ塣
¶Ѿ޷ˣȰѾŵϡ
ͬð˵ôô󵨣һͼԪӤʿ͸ңԭֹһ˰
޹Ȼǻģ¶˵ŻʱȫԹͲŭⶼ쳬ɱˡ
ҳߵʱ䣬޽Ҳù
͵͵Цݣһ赶ɱˡ
ں¶ҪʱͻȻ¶
¶ס
ó峤ɫʯɫʯóһ̣¶׻ˡ
ʦĲʯôϣ
Ժ˵ȰеĽˡ彣ָ죬ٵĺѡ
¶Է˽ģԺ󣬴δ͸¶Լĸ˭ܹ֪µģҪôǺйˣҪôħǱߵˡ
ȻҲϲħ壬ǶԱ޽ԺЩޣͻȻħɰࡣ
첻ôͻȻַ˱仯ֱ壬ûֶһһĽи˹ȥ
¶һĻɫ˵˹ŹֵúܣÿҪɱʱа취ҪСġ
ģ֪ƣǾͱȱȿ˭ֶθ࣬˭ܻվ󡣡
ӵѾȱķôҲǵؼķô˲һ
ĻѾˡȥ޷άֱϵͳӦ
죬˵ЩʲôãԱƶš
¶ʲôȷʵ׵ģΪǿʱõʽ˵ע͵͵
Цſȥһɱ
¶оΣڰǱأıԱ¶زͣ췢
Ϻ¶ȻЩѣҲȫûл֮ϵͳĸ£컹żͺ¶սʱõһЩϢʱ䡣
忴һ·ὣӭ졣
ͺ¶߿ƶţ˺Ѳ׽
ҲһƶļܣǲĲΪ죬ֱӳֱʧ
ĥһ²ŷӦʲôϵͳڱףֱ΢Ĵ
ϵͳĶ᲻᣿
ҿѧ
ЩЦѧ㡣ϵͳһǹĲ
ϵͳͨݷܿѧˡ
ո˲ƵķʽԻ壬һҲ˲Ƶı£õñá
һèǱèŪСĸо
ŵúëԺвϵĺϵͳϵͳ취ȥҪŲסˡ
죡ϵͳ֮ǰͽȥˣ̰Ŀ䳤ڻֲԹ˭
ϵͳҲܷôͰһĴ
һʼͨݷ˸󣬸Ů˹עɫķǳ
ϵͳû뵽Ȼһ˰Ҫ
ǻ


95 
ϵͳж˭Ҳ֪, 챻ñһѡ
Ҫˣȫᡣ
ϵͳеĻ֣ҵ󣡡ȥһᱻǰŮɲġ
, ƴһƴ
ϵͳҲòȥ, ԰˵ĶеĻ֣ԼҲṩ, ֻҪܻȥʱܻܵ¿
ˣȻ, ܹʱշ϶йȴһ
ʱ򣬺¶ľȷʵһЩ仯
һоԼǸĺͻȻս, ָĶۡ
һ˲ʧǣŸ߰ŵĲ
ǱǸ߲סƵģദۡ
ҵ۾ҡ
˵Ļûȫ˵, ĸ㱻һ
ϻһűƷ
ͷȥ, νűƷ˿
ɿץסٷŻյĺ¶ת˸ڰ䡣
һ˲, ڵľͲ˸, һ̣һů⽫С
ǰͻȻѵż, Լɢһصʬ顣
ʧȥϵͳֱñƷը졣
˿Щ£һ·ĶԵֶΣƺϲըʬ
ľ͵ĸ첲ţ˺ˣˡ
ԭļƻþͰԷ컹ʲôֻѣû뵽ľоȻֵƻԼ
Ǳ׵죬üŪʹмơ
Ż
θ¸ɾ˲ž
ѾʧˣΪˣҲ֪ĻǺȥδӡ
ϵͳ
ѾȱϵͳƽС
ƽ١
ɹٲȱϵͳ
ϵͳԽԽСЩ٣ĵţû°ɣ
ϵͳû£ϲߡʮڷС
ٿЩ֣в޶ٲˡ
Դ֪ϵͳԺףʵϵͳʵǿϵͳûȥһ
ϵͳϣܳΪľ֮ˡ
һζĺϵͳιΪȫӣ߲ԶҲ޷ߵߵλá
ϵͳֻһߣߵһܴʲôɾͣҪˡ
һԺԻѾܿúƽˡ
ϵͳģʽ
ҲûдȡѵٶϵͳʹãԴ˱Լϵͳ
ʰоԺɻҾ¥ôٳû
ֱ庭һεŮ˳Ժ
ǵĽͲ֪ǸεŮ˾Ҿ¥Ĵ󶫼浣󶫼Һмֽ飬֮ǰȥҴ󶫼Ұæˡ
ͷŮ˵лл󶫼ҡ
ϵ󶫼ң̧ͷ壬ƽĿڴ̽
ֵ񿴵Щʣα֮ܿ󶫼Ҳջ̽չһЦؿСΪ޽һҪлǡ
Щ˼󶫼ֶߵĹܼ˵ϹܼңѶó
Ϲܼóһǰȥݵǰ
岻⣬ϵĴ󶫼ҡ
ЦҼСѶоǡЩõĿշСԵɡ
ӹ򿪿˿ܾţ̫ˣҲա
㰮֮˶ԣȷʵءȶԷһϲ֮ͨУֻǸռŵطˡСѻ°ɡ
˼Ҷ˵ˣҲƴǡ
Ժó֮ǰԼƳļӱķ˹ȥ
һģô󣬵˼ġ
浽ӹһ۱㱻еİеԴ֮ۺϹΪɱƽһμ
屻Щ˼ȻС߶һ䣬ֲñ˿ء
ʲô岻仰˼Ҳûн͡
ЦŽлСˡΪС˸ż䣬Сˣʱ
Ļ˵꣬ҪлĺʱϹܼһ浡
ңĵʱˣĻȥˡ
ˣ
ϹܼҵͷдѶѾˡ
ǱȥɡЦźͼ˵壬ص˵һ䣬ڡ
ߺ󣬰Χ壬СӣͦģȻ󶫼Ҷ
岻⣬ʵ󶫼ʲôˣ
߻ûü˵ͱ庭ˡ
庭ǱҪѶֳӰʯ
Բò뿪ˡ
Ƕвᣬ͵⣬˵ء
䵹ǺܺЦЦ˲ᣬҪǻȥ츳Ҫ˲š
ʧЦлᶨҪȥֻ»ҪȥѰޣܵ顣
庭Ժ;ͰҲǱˡ
뿪ص֮ǰõĿջһԺȥݸ
ߵʱ򣬰˸塣
߿űߵˣţҪ̫߰ˣΣϵҪһء
ǹʽֳչȻҪ뿪
ȴԺ¶ιˣҪҪ¸氡ҴȥԺóԵģ衣СӵҪǿ𣿡
ʧЦϸľȷʵǵˡ
֮ǰòҶСָ˼䣬ΪԺҶСһ򰲼仧û뵽ҶСͻȻ˱һ·׷ʧȥҶСټ
޽֮޴ǹ硣
Ҳû溮¶㣬ź¶ʵʲô뷨
ң¶룬Ҳϲͬһط
¶ĸ߰ߣ𱻾ͬһطҸϲȥˣҰڵ
ޱϣź¶ĻЩ
ֱ˶ԶˣŻѹ
Ҫݵݸʱ˶˿к¶Ҳ¶Цݡ
Ϊһ·ȷʵͰ˵ףΪ¶ݣ˺ü·Ҳ硣
ֶҲܶ࣬Щ˶˻ȥ
ʵ׼һȺˣֻҪһײ͸Է
˿ݸĳţ˫̤̤ʵʵĲ˵ϣҲ
ǵˡڼ£ҾҪֱſˡ̾ѡ
¶ˣ䳰ȷЦţˣҲ̫ˡ
Уб±Ҫұ㡣
ˣû㱣ҡ
Сô£˵ˣ֣ˣ
Ҳ֣ҽк¶
̾˿Цã˺ˣǱˣͷҪˡ
忴ųţ˵Ƚǰɡ˳Ҹط֮ôԡ
廰䣬ԶԶһƮ
Сӣ
ͷţŻİߴԶĳϹˡ
СӣҾˣҪһȥˣһɣ
忴߲ûо͵ӰֻûƤˣ˵ľеͷƤ顣


96 
ݸʱ, 廹һٴеı顣
ŻյԱߣСӣôдŲˣǲǲһж
ûС
ߡߺ˺, ӻ
״, Ҳ
¶ȤؿŽֱߵ̯λС, ˶ú˼
ǹʱʱͶһߡ
ʧЦԱߣʵôͻȻˣ͵֪𣿡
, ŲҪ֪ɵģֲСƾʲô¶Ҫ
ˣ͵͵ܳġ
ͻȻʧ, ͵ᵣĵİɣҪҪʹѶȥ
һ󣬡£ֲҵʲôˡÿ춼æŹ£ôʦء뵽ֻС
Թ˵꣬ʼв壬㣡ҪǰҵѵĻ, 㲻׼߳ԺͲˡ
忴ʱ򶶶ŵĶ, סЦͷӦ
ãҲ˵˴˸ơ
ǱߴѶ͡
һֻСԲ¡
ǰһֻ, չ˰߶, ΪбҪ֪ͨһġ
ƴֵİߴŴסݸľ¥
, о˽ˣսеĿ
ӳ
嶨һǾ͡
͵ôţҲ̫һЩɣ
һֱߡЦҪлǴѶҡ
ڰ֣ؿ
ҲҪ˵
岻վ͵ӣͻȻðѴкˣǱҪӦöصؿڡ
ʲô£϶˼֡
֮ͣǰڹߺұյɢ˴Ϣħص˱طֺƵ˻Ű
ͲµԲûж⡣
ɾͽĻԭء
ɢϢлһϢӦйء˵³ҶҴС㣬ݸͻȻԣɢԼ鱱һ£ᵽλҶСϢ
ͣҶСپ۵̬˲֮࣬⣬ҲֻߵλСˡ
ϴҲδСλҶҴСˡ
Ĭûм׷ҶСϢǸ̾һ䣺͵ҵĵˣʵ̫ˡ
ͻȻЦҲǡĳɳٶȣĪ
֮󾲺͸Ҷɢ˵¡
ֵἰҶСͻȻԣȻûеܵӰ졣
ҶѲļʱɽ份ѡ
岻⣬Ѫ鲻Ѿ¾ۻΪλᡭ
һʹҼС㣬Ļ״̬ʵǲֵһᡣȡһˮˡǾۻ꣬ҲֻǽǿҪɢһˮ¾£һļ󡣷·һˮ
ǳ־޴ĶСƱػܵӰ졣
ʱЦѲġȥһѰѪ飬ؾˡӰ£ܻܿ˶˱ļܵӰ췴ˡ
Ļȥˣ˵ͷл͵
ѿˡóһݸ壬ɢ˽ǢҪɱֺһҪæ߱ѶչЩˡ
ͣⴢƷʯһЩζ͹ɡʱżһЩȱʲôɣ氮֣ͻ
һСӣϲС̺ӺͲżޣռһЩÿСѹʱ
ӹװƷʯδôʯоƮƮĴˡ
ɵģôôУϵͳö죬ʵ˼ʵĿȫǡ
͵ȥһ𣿡
оͶ԰ߵ̬Щһ㣬̬ȷ᲻ðߣĺںߡ
Ϊʲôһˣȴϼһأ
ҡͷһߣ벻к壿
û˵ģûиĻᣬӴһԾȥˡ
ڶϣ߽𴲡
ǼˣҾ¥ˡ
˸ЩŭʮĿǸһ۵ֱˡ
֪ǰôġ
ʱʱĸԼ̣ǰ׻̣ʿҪСϻ̼ƽϡ
ûʲô˼ֻǰˡ
巿䣬źֱ£ſϣһ̱˵ӡ
尡ô
ոճһӣһ˵ĻˮĶͣˡ
¶ôˣ
Ͱһȥٻ¥ˡģҪȥˡ˫ϴ˴꣬Ҷ˼ȥ
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оɢ˵λãߡ
ǣȻȥɢˡ˵ֲ꣬ʦ֣Ҫһȥɡǡ
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޻˵ֻ˺úϢһ·ϵڻء
壬Ҫȥɢ˰ɡݸæһСʧһ¡ҵСˣȥϡ㿴ô
Ϊ͸ǷУдҶԭȥԼ˲Űѻĵַ
ʦ֣ҿôɢ˵ܲȽƫԶҿһȥȽϺã·ʲô£Ǳ˴Ҳиչˡ
ʹ౧ͷ
ֻ壬ȥͬ
ƫƫСħţһͷ
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¶Ҫһ㣬Ͼˣʵ
䶼Ҫ˴һأȷ·һһ¡
Ըȥ׼·Ҫõʣڿջ󣬳˵ҩĶԼ׼
¶巿ʱѾ׼ж
ʲôʱ뿪¶忴ҼϤ㵽˭
ֳѡ϶ɵԱݣһһʱ»ֱӶС
¶ƲƲ죬ҸҶ֪Ҹû㡣
Ҳѣôչ㣿֪û⹵ͨķʽҲæҺ¶ˡ
˵嶼û˽´ѶʽȻĻҲᱻץס
ðɡܲһ壿
СڻУҪȥɢҵӡպöĿƽؿҵҵӣȷûˣ塣
Ϊʲô㲻Ҹ𣿡
岻֪ôͣβűһ䣬ӵİΣΪȡ
ȢҰɡҲӣͿһˡ
仰ͻȻͷƤ飬ںױ¶ϵֿ־ٶϮ


97 
һ·Ϸ粨, Ϊвʿˣ˺ü
ǰֱó˺ֱۣӷɵɢˡ
ҡ߷ǳİͦصűݡ
ȴûʲô, ΪԺæԼ¡
ڿͼ, ڳԸ¶Ҳ˸طϢ
¶, ¶ԼͷϵǣЩоʹԺû֡
߿Ŷۡ
ְס¶ǵ, ʲô
ҪûҾͲᱻ˵ˡ
ŲᡣǿӲ˵Ҫû, 㳤ôÿҲа޶㣬һЩĵˣרץƯСŮȥ˫ء
¶̫˽޽磬ܳĽëŰߣЩ۵ʰ, ֮ǰǱʿץ𣿡
˵Ͱ, һƲɿ¶֣ź¶£ֵצӿ˿ƨԱ̵Ĳ, , ͲǻʿԣҲ, ۸ҡЩʿһ
¶ϡͿģðɡ㱻۸ˣԸ˵Ұ
㣿ҡҡͷ̾˿˰ɡʮʮңǼһҲ򲻹͡
ǿ𣿡
ȻˡǿôڱߣͦͦظǸǿһ
һÿһţֱǼ뿪
壺ϾҪɢˣȼҰޣȷԺұ塣
⻰¶ҲȲˡ
ߣû֮ǰǰ㽹ǲˣֻĬĬظš
Ҳ֪ôأ˼ƵģҲǰյĻڣͷĬĬŶ飬ˡ
ɢˣ⡣
óһСƣǾ֮ǰģ˵ɢ˼ͻΪС
óСԺɢ˵һ֤Ȼܿȥˡ
ɢ˹˼ҵĹܼԳ壬һԺ󣬹ֵܼҶСڻУۼҹѾΪϹˣ޴󰭡ֻҪЩ
鷳ˡ
ܼЦԸ£ҵȰӵ°ˣ㲻鷳
˹˼ң˼ҵɱ֮ĻʹҪ֡
֮ǰѾ׼˿ֱһУ廹Ǳ嵽ˡ
ܼЦЦ˼ҵԶʤңЩǹ˼µĻҵ
֪ɢ˹˼ҵһЩ£ڵһħսʱ򣬹˼ұħ˼ҵĵһݼҵ׾սϴġ
һħս˺սħʵǹǿʢֻ԰ٵһ
ħ屻ħ޽缸ʿϲΣ
Ҳʱ˼Ҵսʣµһվ˳齨ɢˣɢ޾ۼһ£޽ŸɵĹؼپ崫Уʼյӣ塣
˾޽˹ɢҲʼһҶ
ֱڶħ֮ս˼һ׾ȫħɢԪˣսһȺˣô˻ɢˣ֮ǰм崫еֳµңûм崫ȴԼģѡɣԼ
ٺ޽磬ɢŲҲǰٻš
ɢ˵˽⣬ֻ֪ô࣬ĻӦøֻ࣬Щ
ҲʹߣȻʵΨһϵﱲɰȷȷʵʵṆ֪̀Ҳࡣ
˹˼ԺҪδ󣬾ܵݵ˼˵ס
ҪҶʱ
˹ܼǰһڣūͬ˵һ̵ƢϴֻŶǧʡ
岻ԭ򣬵ǸȰˣԹԵ˵ͷҼסˡ
ܼţ洫һŮ
ܼƿţȥ
ѾŵϢһξ룬ܼƹ̲ϲ֣ԺԽԽá
ֻ
Źܼҽݣһ༫Ůӡ
Էʵǿɨһͷϵֵ֪ˡ
˳Ϊǧս
ĬĬ㿪Լ壬˿ԼΪԪӤھ˵ս
ȥɡ
ܼҽ˵Ҳûֻվһԣֱλ̷ˣܼҲ뿪
屻ˡ
壬ǰ
̧һ壬һˡ
Ѳɻ۸ô
Էһ㣬ǿߵĿ־ɡ
ںͷЪţȥɡ
Ͻ˸˵ƣת˳ȥӣ뿪ġ
ܼѾԺˣˣܼҹֻǻûڣ㱻ȲĴš
ͷȥӡ
ܼЦ
屻˺ԺһŨķ䣬ܼ˵̲ҵȿнȥɡ
˵ͷǼ˹ȥ
彫ƿ߹ڵĿǴڻ˯Ҷ
ҶС㡣弱ߣסҶ֣¶ȵģ˿
̽̽ϢҽԼ뵽Ҷڡ
Ϊ֮ǰͬʱһʱײ˫ޡ
˴˿ȥ̽Ҷ壬Ҷ˯֮ʽ߸ɱˡ
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;͵˵һֻʱȥˣҶСˡ
ҶС굽˭Ϊʲôܵ˴ˣ
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УҶСеĴϻ֮ˣҶСҲµĻҲˣΪ»ûнġ
һҶֱɫڵʱ򣬹ˡ
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ϽӴվǰˡ
룬
˹ܼҿ˵Ƣòϲʲô˼
Ͻ˳ȥ
վһʱ󣬹￪Ŵӷ
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˵ͷ
ﱾͲҰ׵ѿ˼֣һˣȥŰɡջͬһʱٹ
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ȹ뿪ԺԷɣȥҶ
ΪҶǻԵģû뵽ȥԺŷҶѾˡ
˵ȴòӦЩļҪȥҹʱͻȻҶס䡣
ޡ
һҶںһʱ䲶׽ˡ
ҶС㣬ˣ岻֪˵ʲôźãֻǵϥڴ˫۽Ҷ
ҶΪǵӣסЦޣˡ
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ҶʧЦ̶
ǳķΪ˳һָ˱ˮ
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ڲ£ҶС㣬Ϊλ赹
Ҷûжپ廳˼շ¡
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ڳ񣬹ѪµĴԣһ·٣Ϊħħɽ٣ӭѪ¡
ѪµͻȻʧˣǴħʧˡ
ͬʱҶСܵӰ赹
д󺧡
Ҷ̧ͷ壬ޣôˣö˶˵ģηˣ
һ£ǿԼҪΪԼ޶˲²ŵԼ
ֱ֪δֻһȥԼֱ
û£Щˡ
ԪӤʿʹ彡ܸо䣿
Ҷ֪ѣûдƶţȻޣһͬŰɡ


98 
ȥ˴
ֻǲͬҶڻ, һԼżҶĻ
ҶǾܵıסḧ, һο塣
, ܷʲôҶġ
û˵, ֻǱܵҶ߲˲䡣
ҶܸоıˣСһĿ־壬Ȼ֪ǴӺζģҶ㾡еİݽ
, ˯һɡҶͷϣϸķ˿ƤӶĴ꣬Ҷ򴽣Ķͷ, ᴥţ˯ɡ
ʵǹůˣĵ£ܰһĻн˯ȥ
һѾǵڶˡ
˫ۣһ˫Ц
, һ˯û𣿡
˵ͷ, 
ҲǡҶЦаң˯Ҳܺá
ľֲ, ûг֮ǰ, ƺǶģ㡭Ĳ², Ҳſǰˡ
ޣЩˣҪ˯һĪҪģѳȥߣҸطԵ㶫ɡķ羰ǲģʳҲ࣬޿ȥ
ԽԽĶž
ֱҶǰһĨЦݣ尲
ǸİޣӴҶںá
漴Ӵóһ׸ɾۣԺ˶˼֡
˺Ͱߺ¶һȥߡ
ڴŻܺ˵˵ˣü˵ꡣ
ֻ⣬ҶСû£ֻǻ겻̫ȹ̣й˼ǰæõġ
ҶСΣ˵˻Ϊʲô赹֪̫ͻȻˣҶСҲ
ҶСҳߵģ˵ĶóԣҶೢ
˾Լ̫ȥˣǰ涼˵úúõأôͻȻ
˱¶һߣ¶˹ţû˰ɣ
ûˡ
һ𣿡
Ϻ¶һ˫ڴ۾ĵҡͷܾˡ
УҪ˲뿪
ͺ¶˵Ĺ򣬰һǺ«Сĺ«ӣ˸ںʯԷǸ
߰Ǻ«ͺ¶
¶Ǻ«ؿţ̧ͷ壬ʲôʱܲˣ
忴һˣѾС̯£ĵǺ«˳Ժ¶˵Ҳ֪Ӧÿˡ
ʵҶˣҲҪһʱͺ¶ȥϾ϶Ҫˣٲչá
ٻߺ¶Ҫغס
֪ҪǸ¶˵ˣ¶»ҹ͵͵ˡ
һҪ㣬вõĸоؼˣ밢͸硣
¶˵ŶҪˡ
Ĭʲôʯĳˣο»кܴĹϵҪȥҲñ׳ɻĺ¶һŭ֮ҳߡ
һ·ίļڷʲôõ顣
崹ָָ¶ϵǺ«ġܺóԡ㳢ɡ
¶ҧһڣµʱֿЦֻûü˵ɽ髡
üͷһ𣬡ޣģ
Գǣٳһɽ髣Ͳ̫Ҳ̫ˡ
Ļ¶³һڣЦġ
šˣ̧ͷ¿ţְһ̯棬˺͵ϰ̯ԱΧתȦȦ
Ͻź¶ȥ
ʦ֣ʲôˣ忴ŰߣЩͷۣʵ̫ˡ
߾飬Сӣадаץɢ˵ĴΡ
Ҫǳ߲ҪֵĻסˣ˰еϡ
߰鶪ԺһЩͼ֣һҳһɷϵǰĸŮӣڶҳֻһĵۣЩ۾
ǰЩǰŮӣͬһƣ϶вȱ
ȱ˸첲ȱȣ˱ȥ۾
һҳϵЩ֫Žһ֮УŹ
ڴڻýʵʵӤһһŮ޵ӡ
ͼдô˷ɵǧԪ
ȥץס̯ϰ죬а
С̯ϰ弱ۣҲǿЦôȺ˵ˣ˭֪ЩǼٵģ
ʹǼٵҲУһΪأִȻ֪ÿʱЩɴĶⱾ鲻һܵǹа
а
ǲڰаۻֻ࣬ǿ˸ӣǱаƻĲ֮ˣпܻĸж
ǧԪԪӤڲܻõΪٳٲܴԪֽˣô˷ǰδһԡ
ͻȻ뵽ݸʧЩӣץס鷷漴˵ʦ֣鶼ˣȥɢˡ
ɷ˵İ˸ˡ
·˻ûи໥֮һʣ˵С˴ͼʶĺӵаҳȻҳСץҪ͵ɢȥ
ģᣬСᣬͷ̫ˡ
߸ԱߣСӣҽǴһ
˵ͷȴû
˺ȥɢˣ˹ܼԹģȻܺһܵϸŵаõһ˲䣬һĪĳ嶯ǳĲĵ㡣
˼ҳԺҲ뵽ݸ¡
˹ܼɫࣺȥ㱨»Ҫлλˡ
˹˹ܼҽ£岻ٹע£ֱӻ˹˼ҡ
Ҷ˯룬ڻ
һԼõʱ䣬ˡ
ݺ󣬿ڻʲôҲû˵ԱĬĬһ
ΪΪ߳࣬Ժǲ¶ѲĴڡ
ټһ˼˵µķĵУоر񣬸ûע⵽߷¡
廨һʱ䣬Űѷĸ޸ĳó֮ǰ󶫼Ŀհ׷óҶѰʣʼ
ȡԺһĬĬ۲ĹЩ仯
ȵſƷˣſڣ˷뵽ģ
һͷţǹǷеķţһֿƷΪ֮ǰһսʱԭʮİտɱΪͻȻðһֻңǸ˸ˡЩ
ַ㽫˴ˣҲܽԷסȣ޴ӡ
¶͵飬뷨ǶԷأ
ЦЦдţҲ޷ҿԽģĿƣͿԽǰԮĵһ

˼һ£ȷʵˣǡ
ķȻã㿼ǹҪѶΪ𣿡
壬óԪӤڣ뷨ʵЩ췽ҹ̷ˡ
֪ûʲôΪĻȷʵ㹻һӣûϵҿԷ롣
Ŷ⻰ô˵
ͣһζΪɱĻҿԶΡ
ȴϿˣЦ档
ĪҪ˵ˣѾƺõķһΪôвãʱֱӷˡ
ԭΪǸʴӱ֮ˣǸ쿪Ĵˡ
⣬Ҳûٶ˵ˣЩȻʹҪΪ޹̻ˣ
ҳȥš
Ŀһۻ˯еҶ˳ȥ


99 
ɢ˹˼ס˴, ʱÿﶼǰΪҶ̻ꡣ
ֱҶܹ´߶ˣֹͣΪ̻ꡣ
岻̫ģȥҹ, ü𣿡
֪̻һҪҶԪСB, Ԫǣ
޻˵ˣǸ, ǰ
޷ȻƢãҲûΪСá
Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬹ͻȻס
ͷţ, ǰǻ£
ǰ
㶣ֵ˹ȥ
ס֣漴ϸϸ
ſ˷һ֡
ĸǡ
￴ǲ쾪ŵ, ûסЦһܵһС޲
ڨЦǸǰҶˡ
ݷǺ¡ɿ֣ǲѣҲ, ȻСС޵ԪӤڡ
ж, ̾˿ֲЩϼһȤֻԹŻۼˣΩѹסݴӱ
崹ֶ, ĥһ¹Ļ, ҲôΪ
ţ
Ҳұ˴ϻ۶٣Ծ޶, Ĳ㡣
ǫɲá
ʵߣ۴ϻۣҲӷֺ
Цˣ˵ۼˣ㿴ǲȫӢţòױ˲л꣬Щɢ

⻰ûˡ
ǰۼ֣Ӧԣ
˳Ȼ˵꣬ͻȻˣһͳ⡣
µվ⣬ǽյĴš
ţ˳Ȼ⣿
صҶԷȥԺ㿴ҶڴֻȥҶͣ
ޣȥ˺δҶʧǵӣЩ档
Ѹոշ¸Ҷüͷ
ҶС֪Ǻ𣿡
ҶЦҡҡͷ֪
ƭˡ
ţҶһӣ϶Ѿ֪ˣȴ
Ц֪㲻֪ɡǰ˵˳ȻͺãͷȻֱȹġ
ҶһЦţǰعġ˳Ȼͺá
˳ȻͺãͲ޵һСҶǸؼֻ֣˳Ȼ⣬͸õʲôҲû˲˳Ȼ
ǵˣȴ˸Ϳˡ
Ҳûаڳ˵ֻǸԷ
ֱҪȥӹҶǰһ˴ɢ˳뿪ǰ
ɢ˵Ĺ˹ܼңԴȥɢ˵Ĵʹ󣬱鲼״½أֱӵִս
Σգһ㲻ֱӴ͵ȥǻƫս
λһģĿǰļ޷ָ͵Ϊﳤħսʵǹڻˡ
ߺܲҲȥҲŲҪȥ
ҲȥҪȥӦңҪһؼҵġ¶壬ԹԹ忴˸ĺƵġ
¶ؼҰɣҼȲؼңҲȥˣһûȥءҺ𣿡
ѽҼкö鱦رÿÿһֵء
ۣȥ߰棬ֻҪǺĵطȥĶԣħУ̻ûΣգʲôҲ¡
忴ȻģĬĬţȵߺͺ¶Ҫ͵ȥʱվǵ
ʹٶȷǳ죬Ǽִ֮ˡ
غ󣬰߿صĻߣǼŻҵϢǺֱס˿ڱǡ
Щʲô߿ضֲһЩϵóҲУǴ󲿷ϲˣι״ġ
Ŀڣ򲻺棬ΪϢңԱֲ϶࣬޵ʵǿǴûǵġ
߻ͷ壬ôˣ
̾һȻӦ˾͵ҪðߣͲܿŰֻա
ӦҪչ˺¶
ֻôȥأڵݣȥҪ¶ˣ
ԽԽ
ֱԺףʵûҪҪȥȥҲ԰иţαһҪأ
ϵͳİ֪߸ĸ֣к¶ҲĴܡ
ʵǵĻȫǿԵõ֤ģԼһԪӤڣҲʲôӡ
˵꣬ʦһСŮ
Ϣӣ˴˻ħԣǱͬҶСȥ꣬˳Ѻ¶ͻؼҡ
ˡŶ˺ӣ¶Ź־Ҳ˼˵һγԵϵĺӡ
˵ˣߺѹ鵽ֻ̣ðɣֿġ
֮·߼͵Ҫȥ棬ź¶ֱߡ
峯ɢפĵطȥûȥߵһ룬ϵͳʾ£۷˻
óħŮߣóħӣ֮Ǳˮס
ߺͺ¶뿪ʱѾЩˣǻϺ׵ĺԼӿٶ׷ȥ
ԶԶıеһһ٣ԼΪٶ棬ˡ
ڿ˼ͷߺͺ¶Χ
ڰΧȦ֮еĺ¶ЩµЩںͺɱ¶
ں¶ͰԱػŵλǰ߸ŵ壬һֱڰߣڰΣյʱǲŻ֡
¶԰ߵ㲻ɱ᲻һ㣿
¶ⷬѣ԰尡ǻһӾ
Ӿһϲˮ
߱ԺһֻݵĴ׻ˡ
ʵѪ̳Ϲޣʶֵ߳һ˲䣬ֻһ¡
ʼ̣Ǻ׵һԣѪסԺ󣬷ԼûʵԵΣգǷӿˡ
ں˹ʱ򣬰ߵҲˣֱӶź˹ȥԼϻȥɱ
ֻϻڰϷǳں׶Ϻ³ˡ
¶ҲûվԱ߿ţȻԺҲܺ£ں˻Źֽʱ򣬺¶Ҳʼ
ԸΣıܣܹͨе־壬ǵж
֮󷽱˶Ĳɱ
һֱȺжβֻֻħԶԶս壬ں¶ְͷʹѵʱֻܳһͣ
ΪԺһΧڵ⣬ﶼܵ
¶ͣԺԿ۵öҪ˵ϻİ˹
㻹ǱɣﲻæҲﵹæ߶˶ӣԴһһأˡ
̲̿˵
һźͬеʹĺ˹ȥ
һΰ߷ǳĳ˺һ⡣
ҲΪߵٶŭ˺ĴҪסߵʱ򣬰һãӹһ١
ɸΣջںͷһֻͻȻϮߡ
סˣߵı¶ںǰʵ̫Σˡ
ٶȳ˳˰󣬽Ѹ͹ĺˡ
ħ
嵱ԳƱԣ¶㺰ں¶Ժ֪¶ûҵһʱϳ
ļ룬սת
˵ڵΪжǿ󣬶սȽо飬ĻӲƴһ
רЩ趨˼󷨣׷֮ǰԸЩһ
ƵĿƷҲ˳ȻΪܵͣƷûܺȫסҲסϢ
̶̵ļϢʱ䣬岼ʱ
󷨲úԺ󣬺ڱ㵽ˡ
ֻϧⶫɱȫûá
ǺôĻҲں׷ĳˣгʿˡ
ô¶ߣΧһȦ
߿壬ǰȥ˿Ȼ˵һֺϤĸо˭
ħ壬ԡ
ˣ˵ħ޽籣һ̬ȣʶħ廹ǷǳϲģĴ϶޽ġ
ǲҪħйǣȽϺá
ţá
嵱Ȼ֪ߵ˼а߶̬ȣҷǳͬϾҲް


100 
Ϊ, Խ·ࡣ
һǰǼҲûټڰ
ȥ·ϣ֪ᷢʲô£֮ǰԤЩΣ֪ǷѾ֡
вŹŹ, ˿, ʲô֪ħ壬ֻ﹫ɵġ
ʱʱͷһ, ˰ʱ󣬰̲סź¶СţǸħʲôˣ
Ҳ֪˵ħһߵħ֮ǰħ߰µġ
¶С߽š
ⲻ֪ǵĶԻڳ˶װס
, ˶ڲ²⣬Բͨħô򵥣ϾոõЩֶΣЩͷԼ֫ħɲᡣ
ħѾչز, ô޽Ҳطˡ
ħ屾ʵǿټͻȻѧ˶ӣħ廹Ƭ½ҵ
Ҳˡ
嵱ȻоǼ˵̽ߣҲ˵ܾǰαװı£˵ǰı֣Ҳ̩ɽǰ治ɫˡ
¶ȻҲǾǺϤ, Ͼ޽Ҳദһʱ䡣
ֻΪ֮ǰ, ûаǰħ޽ϵһ
ĴȫûЩֻһ˲, 㳹, ֵĸź¶ϼҡ
ȻȺ¶ǵִĺʱѾ
¶, 磡ĸģ
Щûվסϴ徭ӪúܺãһĺͻȻȥɫƬһƵġ
ˮīһͻȻжסˣ
ʦʦˡ¶ײײϤʦ˵Ĺ
ʲôûˡ
ͻȻţߵĻʵǨ𣿡
Ǩϰߡ
忴϶ͻȻʧˣڵΪʲôѾܽˡ
ԣ¶֪
ûΣȻ֣֮Ϊ֣ΪûʦǱʵ½
ϵͳô£
аˡ
սȭͷаôԸа񣿡
˵ʵϵͳ֪
˸ɫʯʱһа취а񡣡
֪˶ã¶ʦ
ֵ£·һϦ֮䳹׳ɳˡ
¶ȥ˺ϲ˲ɣ壬񿴵ͷƤ飬ݱ¶Ƶġ
ε˺¶ߣĵţûˣڿô찡
ҪȥһƬˡֻҪһڣû¶ƽ˵ţƺһУ˵ʧ
¶ǰҪ˵ʲôȴ¶ˡ
֪˭㲻ض˵Ȼʦıʯϣػ
첻ѡ
¶ȴͻȻͣ˵ĴԼ䣬ÿȥһˣһݼ䣬ݼ뵽µڣʦǱϡ
û⣬ϵͳĸ͡
ÿһˣͻᱣݼ䣬Ȼѡȡʵļ̳ߣ̳ݼ䡣
Ĵзʽһ˵
Ҳ˵ļ䣬ȫں¶һϡ
ȫһ֡ˣ廹ŵĲֻǺ¶
忴ں¶ߵˣ̬ȺƽԤ¡
ͻȻ뵽һ£¶
ˣһ̥ܲ¼ѣ̬ɳһʱŻ̬˼䴫л᳤ǣǾ˳Ϊ˵ıʶ
岢ǡͬԿɷֳǸзֳ
ֻҪɼˡ
ҲʶֶԵһ죬ʵ̫ˡ
ħҲħ岻ãΪֵĸǸʵٴΣʱ򣬻ɱʽϮΪԼᱻħգħԽϡ٣ħԽǿ󡣡
ƺܵİ취
ֻҪ己ȥħͲҪ
ʵҲȤΪΪ࣬һֲ࣬һֶࡣ
ֲķǱԣǷܹĸҲ
ķܺ޲ܹ࣬󲻻ĸǻѪȷһ츳
ԸƽԼ
һа֣ôƽ⽫ᱻƣʱͻ᳹׻ҡ
ֲܻʿȴܵκ췣ܻдʿȥѧϰħķܷʽ˵ΪԼһͨɱȴӶ˵ˣʱһ졣
Ƿǳµġ
Ϊ˶žĳ֣κһаɹ֡
ĿǰֻααĻᣬаΣˡ
ϵͳЩ˵֮ǰΣٴμӾ磬ֽȸǱ¶Ժͣ뿪
˸طȡħŮԺȥɢҩȽꡣ
ѾһССҩͯˣŴɸɾģҽʦѧϰҽССѾ˲ٵҩ֪ʶ
忴ʱԥҪҪߣúܺã뿪Լ¶ޣĺ
ͷС￴˿
ߵ𣿡
ס֪ô˵
֮ǰΪҶƹҽʦˣǵ̸ҽʦЦ߰ɡ⺢ʱ㡣
ǣ沢ȫԥš
Цˡ
ԤѾ״½ǰȫأȻδһ߰ɡ
⻰˵еˡ
˵ظ뿪·ţܼ𣿡
Ȼˡڹǡ
ģ
ϱشܷ½ĵطϾһҵ״½ó֯ˡ
뿪һ·Ϻ꽲ڹ¡
ֻûֱӴߣɢפ涺˼գֱ˰ߡ
Сӣ
壬ǹһˣ
Ц׹ɡû뵽㡣
ߡصѰģһΪءû뵽Ȼ
Ҳֻˡ
ЦǸˣֻ굽ĺӣһ߲֪ʱٻҲһЩĶߣҲ꽫˼֮𡣡
˵˵ͷȷʵô㶫СӶҵġ
屧꣬ڵ곤ཡ࣬һƷܴ״̬ˡ
߸壬Ҹһɡˡ
ʧЦ˵ϵǰ߸Ȥģͳˡ
ǺðɡһҲŪꡣ
һ·帶ʯߴһ߳һãʲôȤҪ
ǵͻȻͣ
ҲҪȥģϹŰ㶫ɣ߻ͷ壬ѯ뷨
ЦǾһɡ
á߽ȥһȦԺóһ򣬶ϰ˵ȫҶҪ
ϰ¶ȣȫҪ
Ȼ
Щɲˡ
ԼСǮӣڿң
Ҳҡϰ忴˿ڰߺ壬Ȼ˿ʮᣬһɣǸ͵ģҲӦ᲻ʯ
ϰŰߵ򣬰ȥɨ¼Щ顣
ϰ彫˫ŵ˹ɸת¼ΣιݾͻȫʧһʮƷʯ¸һһʮɡ
Σаɡ߾ó˸⣬ҲˣԼҲûȤһһݾͿˣ𻵵Ҫת̣ȫûҪ
óʯ
һССݸϰ壬һٶͻȥˡ
ûмôǮŰϵǺһֱͣţðע⵽ꡣ
߷ǳɴת¼һݣȻµݸ꣬ˡ
־Ǵ󷽣һٶͳȥˡ
֮ǰ͸Ĵ⻹õĲԼʯַƲΣ


101 
֮굽й, 湻ˣطЩˣ׼׼뿪
˿, ȥ, ͸СǮӻᱻֱͿա
̫ûȤˣ档ڻس̵·߶š
ڲݷ, ո趨ԶеģʽͣЪһЪ˰˵仰
ЦȻô棬ôܳˣ
ٺҲһֱ氡, ֪飬ʶˡͻȻֹסĲӣҪûгСҪôõˡ
, ǵҵһźĿۣ;Ϊʲôֿ
߻һ仰Ժˡ
ɵ壬ʵǲǹģ
ֻЩ档Ͼ;͵̫, γΪѵģ
ʲôѣҸŲء߳, ǲѣ
úúãǲǡ
ߣڷ, ΪҲ֪̰һ, ֲûӡߵ޶˶Ҵء
ʧЦ, ˵ͷȷʵܴ
ǵȻһ֪һЩʯǾ͸ĶԲԣ
Щ⣬üЦʵ֪
Ȼ֪ôôͻȻóôǮ϶Ǿ͸ġ
ЦͻȻȥˣǲ˵ˡѾʼˡ
ŵϵͳ￴ƵļУԼҲһСħţرСʳԣҲ֪ڵİ߱˭һЩ
ֺ˺ߣϲ±ҲĲϰߡ
һߣŻ˵ˣԼ
ˮڷϣܺ£֪βι̣ԶڷﲻϰˣҲҳˡ
ˮ˿ֻǿţʲôҲҶʲôҲ
ϴ޲ܰѷ۲˵İߣʵǹֵò񻰡
ڣôϻôƤ
׼˳ԵģһԶ
Թߣ飬оЩʧԺСţҶ𣿡
ͷЦô֪ģ
Ц۾Ϊ㲻ڵʱҶҲһط˵
δĻش͵ʱ©һġ
ιǿ
廹˵ʲôͻȻ߸ˣڷԱߣһһָԶ
忴ı鲻ڿЦ˹ȥ˳Űָķš
ô᣿ȡ漴ȥ鿴һչ˺ꡣ
Ȼܺ¿۵ıԵǿҪ뿪ˣҲŵøϽ˹
꣬ڰСߣҺܿͻ
»漴ȥ
ŵ۱Ե̽ͷ˹ȥЩʲô
һһ䣬еǷᦣڴм񻹰һ̨ӡ
ĿǰڶûУͨСûʲôϸ
߲һԪӤڵСϻڻѪֻһƳͿ˲Ծ
壬ԪӤڣȻҲܹ
䣬ƺ׽Ĵڡ
׼ĴǷһ״
ȥ֪ͨ˾ˣ
ɱɱ
ƷƷ
ַֿӡӡеķ뵽ԼڣֻǺ΢ȴ۽硣
ܹЩϵĳ޷ϴ
ϵͳҲа𣿡
ҪͽаҲһⶼΪkṩ񡣡
Щ˽Χ忴űڼ̳ϵļˣŮٶУǰŵĹŵǽʿڵĽ𵤣һЩʿĸǡ
ЩϹĶ
СģЩõаļӳ֣ʵͬСɡ
֪ˡ彫ӡе޺˳
ʵĻ޺ЩֻʹЩ޺壬ʵ֧ô޺衣
ӲЩ޺ȫֵΪʹǶԼĵΪ
һÿ翲Ӧԣһƽ֮
ԶԶţҪҪȥæ
ȥܺһˣȥȥȱ˵һòˡ
ӴӴ˿ա޷ɳȥһˡ
߰۵ĿȻһʯȻָŹӦʯۣ˵ʯɫ˰ɫͶһµʯȥ֪𣿡
۶ʯĺֻܴüƷʯſʹƷʯѵãֻһ鼫Ʒʯɰۣ֮ͨʯŽȥΪṩôҪϵ滻ͨʯ
ﵽһξ룬ŻҪʮƷʯ
趨ԶеģʽҲҪʱʯĹӦ
ס𣿡
ͷǣסˡ
˹ԺͰӰʯĹʦ˾ͻ׵ġ
Ӱʯ˹طĵַϢĿǰһϸ˵
һ䣺ιͣ˹
ιͣ˹
ֽݵ쳹Ӱʯ漴ͷǸĺӣҲ֪ǾЩʲôŽӰʯ͵Լǰ
˴ȥϢ漴֪ͨ˹
Ӱʯǰȥ˻ļӹ̵㡣
Ҷ͹һϳ
ʦ
Ҷˣͬк漴Ծ˵󷨾ȹ̣ʱܺͨǹˣҲüԮ
Ȳ˵ʹӰʯóɾȥһ仰Ժ󣬽ӰʯݸҶߴϢڷǸ˹Źֵļ䣬Ϊ˾ѾҪϽ˹ȥ
ǣҶüһаϰףаҲĶ࣬Źּ䡭
Ҳ²ӦΪаء
͵һ仰֮䶼һֽȸС
ҹȥɡҶĴѾβĽ׶ΣƺҲ뿪ˡ
ȴҡҡͷһֱڶţʱ뿪²ףһͬһǰȥԮ
½Ժȥһ壬ǵʷԡĵطഫһݷµ̳֮Чġһаգ롣
Ҷδ˵£ἰĲɵø
ˣ̬ԽϾˡ
͵ͷֵѾϵɢ˵Ѿɱǰǣ˼Ҳ޽ߴ£źܿǸ³̳
Ҷȴ̫Щߴдӣ˴˲гҲͳһһ¶Եеħսϣߴڶпܱ˴໥ƣߴʵŷ
򵱳Ҳ뿪Ϸǰ۵Ĺ³Ƿչ


102 
廹ڿս, ΪΪϣЩаӳֵĴסˡ
ҲսʱõһЩϢ
취, ޺ҲҪŲסˡ
޺, Ѿӡջٶʧȥṩ޺
ߵԽԽ٣ЩаΪṩᦡ
λӰӴóһ»Ӱ, ⻹ǵҶѰ꼸ģһֱûãסˡ
ߣȥ̳죡
ʱǷǳ, ֻƽʱ֣ǰ߷ǳɣĻ, ҴϢ
յǱСµ֮ǾͲˡ
ȻС³ˣ뿪Ȼš
ǶˣóŸƷ׵ĻӰ
Ӱóһģһ塣
Ƕһջƽ, ǵһ汾, óͻᱬը֡
ѾǸսȦģӵһԺñӻ󽫼̨ϵļ˸סˡ
˰ΧеӰ, ǿĽ󱬷Ժ, ӰֱԱǵԪӤ
֮£ڼ̳Ϣİ, Ǿ޴Ķŵһƨɵڵϡ
ȥ㿪ٵذ⶯Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ֻнżԱԪӤںٻԱģһףԪӤаԶᣬֻҪԪӤͿԡ
Ǵִ򲻹ƴƴˣֻҧý𵤺͵ԱԴಫ
Ժ֪ԪӤԱĺǲ֪ԪӤһ޴ıж
ҲûĿǰŵڻڿյĢƣ£ͷʣµ޺ٻ̷ˡ
̳ҲᲨġ
ȿȡ˵Щˣôˣأ
һ߸Щ˽һ߶԰š
۵ֱڵϣȥˣҪǲСûˡ
СӣҶǲǾ֮
ţЩܵĥԵ˷ŵ˵ϣΪһЩҩ
ߵĻŤͷȷʵǾҡ
޲һ仰𣿾֮Ӧ
ɴ۾һ仰ǣԺҵˡ
ʧЦǿɲУ´νľ֮㡣
ޣң
Ҫ֮ǲ˵ԺҪΣ
߳ǱޣͻȻǼеˣߵ౾ͻȻˤٱ޶˹
廹ûôͻȻһԲϾͶֱ֣վڰ󣬿Ǽѵˣżᦣ֮ǰֵЩһ
ʲôš
ߣ֪
һôĺ
ѹסԼҪ²۵ģɿϸٱޣ˵⼸˲ԾҪСİ
Ȼڻûչ¶ԣǼ˿ǵͺֳ֣˳޵ðߺܲʡ
ͼЩ˹ͨЦûѾ𣿡
忴ˣģЩ˶Ǳ޹ļƷѾŬǣΪʲôǲ⣿
߲뷨ֻǾö˵棬ɱ򵥡
޷ͳ˹ȥ֪ܹЩˣΪа񾭹֮ǰǳըʧᦣʵҲˡ
岢˻˺ߣο߻廤
뿪Ƭսȥ˴￴
ǸС䣬ƺ֮ǰЩվȫ˿ˡ
ƿÿÿţƺѾûл˴ڹĺۼˡ
Сӣʲô
֪ʱѾ׷˹ƿһ˼ҵţûнȥ֪տҲ
ŴʱͻȻСޣ
ͷȥһɫҰ׵СӣʮģĿЩͻȻˡ
ʲôˣ
ģ߻ͷЩͬš
ҡҡͷ֪Ǻǲǻģǲĺӡ
·أ˸ѡ
кüͷţ˵˶ˡûĶᱻ˵˻ȥ衣ͣһֱ
裿Цˣͦİ
ȴķ˲Ծаְ취Щ˵
˭ģǸСк
Скҡҡͷ֪
ΪʲôҪȥǸкߣһѡ
кŰߣǳãҲ˵𣿷˵˲Żģûз衣
Сͦ˼ġ߻ͷ壬ЦҪһ߰ɣ
Сʲô֣ûߣǶǸСкš
Скû˵ͻȻͷ
֮һֵĺнһᦡ
ģƿһȥ
ǽǵ͸ģȻȲĿٵصĴƣҲСϾԪӤʿ۷ʱȫһãҷʹøǳ䲻⹥䲻
СкᦱˣСкͻȻӵϵϡ
ߺһۣǰȥ鿴СкѾ˫ˡ
ƾ豾ȥҪץסʲôץסۣţζ밢
쵰߿ſĺӣ̲סһа񵽵ʲô
˭֪أ⺢Ժӱ
߸󣬡Сȥģ
һ𡣡
֮ǰʽ̫ݶˣЩ˱ըøֲ˭˭
к˴м䣬һ鱻ըĴضΪĹСк˽ȥ
ֽΧһЩʬŽȥһһ鱮
ιСӡѹⲻĴļǻˡ
ȴûѧΰοһ˵Ļֻš
Ҳ£һһʱĶˡϥֱ۱סϥǣһҰ˵ˣﶼƽҲһɾΪҪȥһЩ£ֻܱͬ
ĬĬ˵Ļ˲ٵĶ
˵ҰˣҲǲȥֻһǰѺ¶˳˳Ҫúûš
廤ס𣿡
ҡͷסġСӣ˵ˣݵһգ˭Ҳס˭ҶֻܿԼҪҳɳܳɳ
㰢㰢ﲻ𣿡
£Ȼ¡ҰˡҰǷˣķˡҲзѪûмΪҺòҳΪֻ˲ܳ׵׵Ļš᲻Ҳû취
岻ͬϢĻҲǺܴġ
𣿡
ҡͷҪʱ򣬳;ҡ
Ӱ𣿡ʹ˰ߵ᲻԰Ӱأ
ҡͷ˵ţԽԽáҵȲؼҡ
ֻſԻȥ䣬Сӣ𣿡
ûмˣֻҶС㡣
ӣԴ
ЦţӡҶСڵĵطҵļңҺְ֪ͬˡڻʱ򡣡
Ҳϣ뿪ߣؼҡץץϵݣ᲻ԡµʱҾͲˡ
ʧȥ𣿡
֪ӦòɡҰҵʱģҲûʧ䰡ֿ˿ٲƤҲ֪¶̳˵ļ䣬ͱòˡ

㲻ûй顣
ʧЦôûУûнܹ䣬ҲûһΣʧһΡҾңûиı
ҪͷʶԼץݵԺסˣ˶ë׵Сϻ䣬˵̫ˣ


103 
Сϻάֲʮ仰ͻƹ
Ц, Զɢȥĳ̣Ǵսĳ䶨
߰ɡȥˡ
þȥ˹ҲҶ, ѾϢ, ôаȻշչͽ¿϶ᱻع⣬ҲӦѲֶΡ
Եִʱ, Ҷ϶һ̲ͣĸѲĶ뿪
ò˵Ƿǳ˽Ҷġ
ǵִʱ򣬾ͻû뿪ΪʦľڹΣ֮, κ˻Ҫæµ
û壬ȻҲ˲Сϻ
Դӵ˹ԺƲĸߣĬ, ࣬һЩСˡ
ֻżİ컵£ȥʦæ
߸Ч
Ϊڻз˵ѪԶڻƿطǳ˶ʱ, ΪԻİѿزȷը¯
˰ߵİæҲûгֹˡ
ЩҩҪ, ħаϮĵطһصġ
аޣֻҪ̤а·, ǱԤʾǵڡ
޷, εȵزֻӭ췣
ڲͬ, һα棬һθĻᣬʱа϶ƫЩ½аޣʱа޵ĺӿɾˡ
ǸԸΪαצΪƬ½αֻɷϣαܹճΪ컻
ҹ̧ͷŴľɫһŹƵţƽעʱһС
ͳ̾һ
ͻȻԱߴզզͣö˶˵̾ʲô
ͳű߿ȥһ̳վűߡ
ŵ壬ʳС
͵ðˣɷһͬţ
ͽϵĶȫõ鰸ϣ롣
ʳз£ó⣬һЩϹߣڷźԺҲ
ֳžĴóƱ
忴ĶԼܹ⳶һ˵ĴΪʱˡ
ͷӦƽƽƺûЩ£Ȱ߰þ֮󣬶ٱ
һ£ЦҾá
޷ֻһЩˣ˵ġ͵ûмʶľܹ˵޷֡
ǰҶѰһȾƵʱľҲһЩֻǹˣ϶ǱȲҶѰ꼵ЩɾԴһҲû¡
ٱͬһһ
оȷʵѣȻˡ
лϲž͵˵͵ĺܺúȡʲô֣
㡣
û˵ȷʵܺúȡ˻ξ͵󣬡͵žˣҶʦ˵ʳ޲Ťø̰ƵģʵǲӦá˴ţ
ļ̌ͷƳһ۰ߡ
ͿȾ糺壬ͷһμһģСҲ˰ɣ
Լһڣ͸Ȫˮһ˲һССҲûʲôⰡ
͵޵ô꣬ûе£
ˣĬĬ
ͻȻߣҶ֪ˣΪʲô֪úܡ͵㶯ˣ
򴽣Ҫ˵ʱͻȻһʹļ׵ӣ͵ǿǸӰ
̽Ӵս壬˭˭ϲ˭˰
͵Σһ߿壬һȰ˰ߣߣˣòƵǹأ
ߺ˺ߣԶҪô࣬޶Ĺأʲô°
ҲԹã͵ףʦһʦˡʦˣԻȥĵطûˡʦˣҳûмҵĺˡ
߾ֿģ׼οʱһԵľʹϳԼ
౻ץ˵Ժ㲻Ҷ𣿡
ҶѣӶ˶Ѱ꼣
˻λԴʲôϵҿǳ˻ˣˡ
һδ֣һͣϲԣָֻ嵹һơ
Ȼѻţʹһɡ
忴ǰľƣ˫
ߣʲôˣ㻹ƣ
һ
ûߣԺµἰ˵ѰǺˣ
صһһͷϣ׵ʧȥʶ
ƣ׻º˰ɡ
ΣֻЩˡ
߼Բ˺ȾƣҲûȥ˯˵壬ǶԾʵǸʲôҲʶ
ǰ˽ʱҡ
Դˣ
㡣аҵݣ˼սң»Ҫҷռ֮ʱָһ·
Щˣ㣬־㣿
ɡûж˵ʧȥ䣬˽⵽ĶȫҲ֪ǾһǺҡ
žƣ޽磬ҲһЩĴšٲʵɲ⣬˵ҩȵҽޣҩȴ˵ûһˡ˵Ƕ¥󶫼ҵĵ¡
£û˵¥Ĵ󶫼е°߶˶䣬ѵϢˣ
ƽֻ˵
ðɡأʲôˣ
֪ҡͷһμڷڡ
ߺ⣬¶һȵı飬һʿȥ˼ҷʲô
ûֱ˵߰ߣڲţڻȥϺá
ƾʲôҪǷڵ˸ңҶҪġûбܿ˵ĵ
㡣
⸱ӣ䲻Ȳϲ˵ƺ쳾ȴһֱں쳾ææµµ
˺˾Ƴ˲ˣȵɢʱɰ߸ȥϢ
ֱӰѺ˵ڼϿѾ׼޵ľͣ޷޲ƽţƾʲôҴߣ
Ϊġ
ƻء߲ģ;ͳ
ֱϵ壬оθʲôֵ÷ǳܣ֮˹
Ժһִδйӽǿŵ棬Լ壬ڿˡ
СŷԼ˭
׻βͻζţβͼϳһ£ҶСˤ
ףߣ
߰£Ƕ³ؼǶ˵ġ
վԺŰߣŭߣǺ㿸
ǳͣҪҴȥ˯ҵȻҪ㿸ˡֱ׳ѵҪҰ
䷽ʽֻ֡
ľɢȥˣ߸ЦˣðɡΪҲˣѾˣ뿪ˡ
;͵֮ŲЩƮ˳ȥ
߸ߣû£
û¡ĻصԼķ䡣
ߺż˵ľ
ǵľ̫ˡߣԺȾƲҪҡ
˭һԷİ߲庰š
Źϣڴû˵ҪһȾơ
ţͣСӣһ֮ѣǱΪ顣Ҳˣ


104 
˺Ժ, ˱Ҷȥ
֪ҶСȥ壬ĵ׻Щĵģ˵Ҳȥ, ҲԷһ㡣
ڹžͰ, ܽණҾҲǵʿ, ǰҲǵʿ֮ĵĶҲܶࡣ
żȥæ˵һ˵﷢һЩ£̿ͶҩҪ
˷еҩ, ̾˿˵֪ȱʲôҩ𣿡
ʲô
ģɼԽԽϾˡһӣҲ֪Ǳôˡ
Ͳ֪Ǻʱģ˿˵, ǿҪȥһˡ
ȥ壿˾ĿƵĿž͡
͵ͷûĳڿήϵ, ǱҪȥһˡ
͵Ļ, ߼úţôˣֲýǷԭǳ⡣
ǰͽżݸ, Ҿǰ, ǿԸͬǰ
Ը⡣濪ڣĺȥ, ϾҶСҲΪ廹Ϊ˼һҶС㣬Ըǰ
Ҳǵͷ˵вҩֲҲȥǼʶҲǺõġ
֣ҰôأҵļңҲȥ
϶㡣Σֵʰһ°ɣϾͳ
Ұ߾ϣܹΪ·ϾҶСҲûʲô˽⣬óȻǰȥĻĽ綼
ߵĶһֱţòŶʰ
ͬˣֻ˴СһѣΪװˣʣµֻܷˡ
Ҫһ
ʲô˷ǰȥ֡
⺢Ӳ뱻£һ·ҲûʲôΣգ𣿡˽ţָʹ˼񣬰߿Ժ˵ͷǰûҼңҴѻؼҿûΣգΪʲôȥ
˵ǣҲϲ۵ӣȻƱͬˣҲͲٶ˵ʲôˡ
ڼװϸһУԱҽ߶߶ġ
һ԰ߣ˫ĿĿƬ½ʼյͳ
ôˣܻؼ˲𣿡
ɥشͷԴϵĶ䶼ˣֱӴſǱƵġ
岻һ仰Ҳ֪ôˣ֪Ҹˣ֪۰ĸôˡ
ڼװϣһӣ·ɺ׷ɹ߻ѴСȥɺ׳ԺΧŷ۷һȦ
۷ǲЩæ׶׷ǡ˵ţעת˳
߻ûڣȴ˵Ϊ͵ĶȽ϶࣬۵ٶȻ
ʲôΪʲôҪôࣿЩ档
ҡͷ֪صģֻо͵ͻҵ˲֪Ǹžˡ
˵ĻҲȥ̽ˣһţڷϿŸ߸졣
ʹܹôôԶȴ޷
֮ϻ
ԼӦɻ󣬱ϾִԽģҲǿѧ磬ʵ벻ͨ
ϵͳаӮ𣿡
ݣаӮ
ôӮģ
ϵͳû˵
Цһ֪ΪΪ֮ϵͳܴ󵨡
ҲǡҲѡΣ
Ҳ˵֮ǰЩԽҲҲпĻƲ⡣
ϵͳûд
Ҿ͵ˣȻˡܸ˭𣿡
ҶѰ꼡
ȷ
һδ֣ϸ˼һƺҲ޿ɺǣҶѰһŹֵħûħԣѾʵڣҶѰ꼱ӽӽ򣬼ȻܹΪһôҶѰβأ
ǲǻˣ
ÿһˣʱˡһ⣬ÿ˵϶һȴ޷ۣѡ
ҵλش󰡡Ц˵ǲǳ˼ֻ֪ڵѾԱߵİ߻Ҫˡ
˾һţҲƾǰӹ֣Ц壬˵Ҫһֱƽƽöã
Żش𣺡ŲҪأһ̶ˮһӣʲôõģҲϲҪֵӣζ
̻ƽĿɹϲ֣ΪսѪȵսҲֳ
ûо뷨Щ¿ͷ˵õģþ͵˵ˡ
ΨȥԼȥɳȥԡ
жòܵҽסԼоЩۣһȱ˾ĸоȥ޷㡣
ԼЩηˣţϣܹЩִ塣
ָ漴ءҼһкԶԶľ롣Ҳֱӽ룬ҪƳ磬ڵʱ򣬱ҪõʵϿɲܹȥǴôķۣϻණҪ⾭һļ飬ʱ鷳󡣡
ʱҲҪڽУǻҲ
˰ߵĻ˱㲻ٶˣ˯
Ϻܰȫ˾ţڼװϿ䡣
ڷð㣬Ա꣬СԴ۾ĿЩܸȤԿú档
һݽԺоЩˣüģ׼Ѷʱ겻Ŀİƶ
ͻȻЦԺţѧ
롣ɵͷ֪ʵؿž͡
ͱְ˹ԼţұһЩ򵥵ġ
㿪ʼžѧϰ֮
ͷ츳ǳãһԺԼܳϰ˻ܹһ˿˿
ȥס
СдŲ⣬ȴ侲˵ôµĸ֡
͵ĳ˳һ·ɡ
һΰŪãȻؿžͣȻ˵ȥ޹顣
ЦԴЩ㰡ѧûңԺ󳤴ɡ
겻ؿԼûá
ʾͣȥͲ𣿡
ҪԺ˵ȥ˯ˣСӲú˯᳤ߵģҪһ𣿡
ҡͷӾ͵ȥ첽ȥ˴ϣϴԺСӸסԼ¶С۾ž͡
־͵ڿޣӦԼˣ͵ǰôأ
˯ˡ
ֱͣ걻ˣˣطˡ
Ժıӱ˳
߳Ժ󣬾Ϳϸ塣
ߺǸĴк屧˵ߡ
ôˣˡ
˵Ÿոտʼ̲飬Ϣ¼룬ǽȥû취һ棬Ҳ趨ģֻʹ޷ġ
˵ͷ漴ţʦ֣ôˣ
֮ǰһֱ÷ۣܣڿҲһӣǵġ
ĬĬһ˵ҺЩԿ
ʲô˼
ͳǾɥĿڣƻʲôӶ롣
⻰徯ȻƽʱֵúºͣʼħѪʼħδ
屧꣬˰벽˼״ЦģڻܿơߣʧˣҲǶֵġʱҾȥħսɱȥ
Щ֮գҲŸ˵壬ҲҪȥ
á˴廳˹ʱһȥ
Χ˺ܶ壬Ҳûж⣬ֱһһСӣϱˡ


105 
⻰˵þ͸̽Ƶ, ЦãŰ߹ȥ
ϵһ߿Ҷ
ϼ棬ȷʵ̽ࡣ
ޡҶ, ǳǳЦ, ʵɺã
֮ͬ, Ժĸ֪Է״Ҷ֪Щʱ彡˼ǹ֮⣬
ͬ, ԼЩС״̬Ҷϸܵ˳صƣ
ָоҲŷˡ
Һܺã鶼ˡͺ¶壬·а, ҲûˡԼĽˡ
ҶҲһʱˣѾ׻ָ޲ġֻǾؽƵƵ£ȥһˡ
û뵽ǲŸոռ棬ҶҪ뿪ˡ
ޣôˣ
Ҷ˼, 忴Ҷ, ޺ʱ뿪
ա
򴽣ţҿͬ𣿡
ҪȥҶһ, Ц, ˣͬ˵һ, ͬǰȥɡ
á忪ˡ
᲻뿪Ҷͬȥٺòġ
Ҷ̶ռʱȥˡ
߸Աߣؿ壬СӣҪ뿪
šͷҪߵģġ
㲻ܺġ᲻壬ˣʱ
Ҳ޷𸴡
ܺ棬һ氮֣ôβŸһȥˣ
ƺǸܵɻ
߽ͣ⣬嶼Ҫ׳Լγȳ˾ͻᷴǡʱܷٲʢ֮ǰΪһӣȻǲ뿪ġ
̵Ҫ׳ȥ
ôˣֲЩƲƲ죬ҲǺġ˵´μ棬ľͲСϻˣСˡ
ǴŰѾҪ
岻֪òף棬ǿԵĻһǵСϻҲͦõġ
СӡҶûѹأһʲô㲻Ǹողż㲻ô
ˡ島˳ЦݣƬ½ΣڵϦĸҲʵǸ˲
߸ոһʱ䣬ֱûûˡ
ϲ壬ºܵģΪҪȳҲϲƬ½ҲҪѹΪᾡȫƬء
ĬؿͻȻĸ첲Цϲһ仰ƽ£֮˭ҲСӣԵġ
¶һ˿Ц⣬ҲһԾκó
ǵȻһǳƶӡ
ϾĿήˣٹҲҪ֮Ϩˡ
ͬ˵Ҫ뿪£᲻÷ֱ𣬿Ҫоֲʶֻٴκͺѷֱһֿף
͵֪Ĵָ㣬̶СҲáʥȪˮʥȪˮܹĳϾˣܻΪһ
ͷҲġ
ޣŲǡߴչЦСӾϱˣһ뿪
΢죬ЩΪ飬ȷʵġ
ԡۼģˡνΪΣǰġ
ĬĬž˵ۼĵĻ˵ͷ֪ˣҲ˵ˡ
ˣЦװΪʲôڶǾ仰ˡԭǾ͵Ľ̻塣
̸Ͻ̻壬߱ӱѧ˵ЩʱһǳԺģ
ԱߵˣڨڨЦţμʱ߻ſڱտھҪء
Ҳˣߴյߣ»ڻ꣬ҿϻϻҪ˵ģ~
ֿЦһҲ°ߣΪ͵͵ԺóԵʳء
ƽõʱ⣬þ͸̾ѡ
ȥٴš
ˣܵǰ㣬˴ν֡
͵ôˣ
þͽЩԾоܻ㱣һĲǿջЦĸо
ҡͷͻȻ壬ѣ֪ȥΨһ㻹ȥ𣿡
͵˭Ī˵ңѷ𣿾k٣ټΣҶ֪ˣа񵱵춼Ҫȥˣ˭ܹ棿аͬô
ͳĬãͻȻȻһЦܽˡ
壬ֲ̾һǰϣ˭еġ
Ͼÿ˶ܹķˣͨûеڶɻ
¸ҡ
ȵڶҶ뿪Ժ󣬾ʹ˽ĵؽ磬սҲʼˡ
ҶԭֻǶǰ壬ȥҶյķ
ڷ֮ϣ߾ƷҶ
ҶС㣬㲻ļ𣿡
ǼҲûа취Ӵ˴ȥҪգıǰĵĵȴҶеĲ豭ס֣ޣҲһЩɡɡ
ɵʱͻȻԺеϵͳ˽С
Ҳܼ
̿ͻȻЦ˳Ҷһ˿󣬲ûΪʲôЦûȥ̽
Ҷ֣ϸϸţҵʲôĶƵģִ˲طȥİš
ıӵЩģЦ࣬ҶС㣬ʲô
㿴ࡣҶЦ
壺ɿˣ
ս̫˼룬òϸ㿴ࡣҶյǰϸÿһ硣
ǿ࣬ڵϷƵġ
岢ϸܣҶķսࡣ
ҶС㣬ôпܴ󸻴󣿡
˵Ǵ󸻴󣿡ҶЦѰʵ֮ˣǺЩ֮ġ
ȴͷƽԸһУ󡣡
أ
ҶС㡣̫̰ģǰԸҪҲɣΨҶСǱġ
ҶʧЦָϵ˵㣬컬ࡣ
庬סڴϵָݼָĦţӵסߵˣСˡ
ָĵطҶԴĵط
˱ţŰ˵¶ȣ˼
ޡҶ˺룬廳ظǿһ૵ػ
屻鶯øˡ
ֻܵľ룬˿ܻ˼
̫ƽؼңҲ
ãҶ纣˲ӿɽͣ̾
ͬ룬ϲҴֻ̼밲һʵȴԸ
յľ룬Ѿȥա
էֵʱշ¸ӣͻȻһһƬɽŻˡ
ҶС㣬ŻˡҶҶϢӴ״̬г
ָķ򣬻ڴӣǻڣ޴ӡ
Ҷ˫ȭþȥ壬𡭡
ȥɡЦ·ѾˡǷֱȴáҲ١
ޣء
ҲǣԼ
ȥ
ߺҶҲ˷ͬóԼ齣뿪
аµģСİа˺ҪСĲС
а񡣡СıܿЩҴܵĻ磬屻аˡ


106 
ѾƬ, аŰ粽С
ݵȦʱ÷ӡ޺ٻ˳ϣ޺ܹЩаһ, ܹ˺һ, ܹȥ
֪ҶСڵˡ̾˿ܹͬȥöáһûмС, ֪峤ʲô
Բ
ⲻĴֻǡÿսĿľ̾˿, ֻˣǰŷֱ𣬿ܾѾ뿪ܾˡ
˵ʵϵͳͬ, ֱ̫ˣ˼һֱڷֱС
ΧȦԽĿ޺Խ࣬¿š
ʲô
ûȵ
ϵͳһãȻӣʲôҲ֪һ𣿡
У
, û, Ǳа飬Ѿˣǵֻ, ϿܿЩ
µĺ, ϵͳýгˡ
̾˿ʼ, һϣܰЩ顣
ǰһǰ꣬һȥظǻлܹӭ
粻ͬһմȾϢһὫǱһִ̬ǳ׻𣬷޷ɹȥͶ̥ġ
Ͷ̥츳ĹҲϣܹΪޡ
ǹħ׷˭ҲȥǸѵ˽粻ֻͣء
˰ʲôʱˣö̫ˡ
ӹӹµµһӣͷֻûиܹĿ֣Ѿǰˡ
⵽ĵĲȣӦĵ
ϵͳԼ˼гǻ㱵ؿǰĳؿֲĶ飬ӦǺüƴյһĹֶ
ǱӰ־ὣϣ򿳵ķʽͼС
Сģа飡
մȾ̫аɱɵа飬ʵ֮Ҫǿϡ
Ա߶ܿаĹ
ϵͳòûл˰ɣԺɣΪܲ˵Ӵаܶҡĵģʼãˡ
УаҪƷȦĻ˾ͲǧҪֶ־
ҧҧ⣬ʹ΢һ㡣
սеĿһὣϣһСĽ࣬ٴ󿪴ϵĴ򶷣аսϵѰа㡣
ֻǲ֪ⶫôһ£ȥǿƬаӣޣûԺҪõҩ㡣
ֳһƿҩ
Ҫⵤ
忴С˵粻ͬĵҩԶ˻еƽٹȵҶԡ
ÿÿڻ̫ĵҪרŵҩϴԡڵĵų
Ŷȥ޷ŶҪӴҩݽߵ£һҪ
ϵͳ壬׼һûеҩȻȴЩ档
֮ǰĻֶûãڿѾʮˡ
վʮŭĿգӡͻȻ΢΢⡣
ʮĻ֣ȫתֱһԾڡ
ϵͳͻƾ磬𣿡
ǽ׵ڣ׽١ϵͳֵֻܰԪӤ֮ǰ׽٣Էǰʵ΢ʱܻ䡣
̫ˡѾƣˣƱĥƤѪ˳ڽϣսʱомִˡ
ϼÿһдˣһֱྸҩϵͳΪƣκһͨ˶ֱ
ϵͳĻֶһһ㣬ܴﵽھͿˡ
˻ǻ˴룬ʣµҲֻһЩҩˡ
ֶһɹһ̣Ʒڱ꼴֮ǰǳƵĿѹֵķΧѾǰˡ
ҪСġεǰٷְʵģϵͳ޷赲ֻ֮Լܡ
áĴ󶯾Ƭ½ܹ۲쵽
ϾԪӤ񲢲һСı䣬ӵп鸮ҲǴһԼС磬زѾڰˡ
ôĶݶңͬһ򣬿Ƽȥ硣
ֲħ޻ޣħ¿ɾҪˡ
ޣǱһлܵļ룬ħսľҲŤתһ
˶ڲ²ʱ򣬷ϵҶط֡
ޡ
岻֪жΪ˿̵Ķɽٶǣֻ֪һҪа飬кһ
Ȼһף岢ûֱаϡ
ϵͳǵע£ֱὣӭһס
һȽСƺֻһθƵġ
˵һףûκεķϵһ˲䣬оսڵ֮ĵֱλˣűڵ׿־Ķܣںֱײ
岻Ҫ׵ҪѹԼڵҴܡ
оÿһǵڷܣָоʹ֡
̲ס˳
ϵͳĬĬһЩʹĸ֪ȣȻҲֻЩˣȫܻͣΪоʹףʱֱ˶ãȻ
ڶױ֮һ׸ڣȻڸոһСĹѾ׵
ӴóҶѰڤԨʣϻõıʣҪջ
ƵľǱﲻõĿƷ
ȷʵû㹻У׵أıԴأ
Ҳ֪Σһڳ뷨
ջ˳ڶ׵Ĵ󲿷ע뵽˿ƷС
ûмŷ£ֱӴ˳ȥаסˡ
аȻѹƵ޷ſֱӶ㵽а¡
а鿴ɱȺҪˡ
׹£а鱻һ𣬿Ȼסˡ
һȻѲ廻˸طţаȻܶˣаǷĲԾʼ׷ɧˡ
岻ϵĶһƮͷǰͺ̺֪ΣƵġ
ԾһαܿͷԺٴ÷ӡٻ޺Щ޺ȥͷǶԿ
ôˣ
Щͷ˵а϶ڱٿء򲻻ô׼ȷķҵλãÿζ׷ҡ¹۲ţаԷڰҸ޴ӲҡܷܲԷλã
֪ϵͳܰﲻæҪϵͳԵĻͷеĹ֮ˣϵͳһ㷴ӦûУɼϵͳʲôҲ֪
ͷɧţˣҪͷ˺Ҫס
ֻܲϵı任򣬿ҪƷӡǼ޺ոȡ׵һˡ
ϵơ
ٷˣ
һξ㹻ˣһԼ
ȱҲϵͳ̳ǣмĲ鵤Ͽ£кܶ֡
źջߣǿһ㣬ǲǾͲÿζôǱˣ
ʱͻȻͷҧס˲ӣϽӽ¡
ȴǱа˺ˣϱһ⣬･ںڣѪǴ㶾Ƶģ˿ڳаơ


107 
, 㱻аϮˣϿҩ
Ȼϵͳ̳Ƕһҩ, ֱ˿ڴ
ΪʲôǺۣ
Щҩûֹ۵, а˺ʱųɱġٵһʱͺˡ
ͻȻıҧ׼ŭ塣
Ȼŭĺ񻹲ֻ˵, оһöͻȻ
ҶĽ𵤣ҶҲʺö𵤣Ҫѽ𵤻Ҷʱ򣬷ҲҶܾˡ
Ҷ˵, ԼŸá
ˣȨΪӲʱο塣
ֻԴҶԺö𵤵Ĵڸб㲻ǿˣû뵽ͻȻֳ, ұֵôġڡ
ͻȻǰ뿪ý𵤵ĳ뿪Ժֱʶȥ
岻֪ҪʲôҲûֹ
ֻһö𵤣ȴڵܹƵģ廹˼, 㿴𵤽һס
㿪״ļ, ǿװһ𵤸ô졣
Ȼǽ𵤲ûйԹ뿪ֽ֮ļס
һ߶Щ׷, һע۲𵤵Ķ
ֱ¼Ժ, ͻȻŷһǿ׷ȫˡ
Ǿ޴а, Ҳڽ𵤷֮кȻ
һҽ߳˿ȣһȦֻص˳ڣ̷ǳ
ô£
ң屻ϵͳЦˣ㶼֪д𰸣
ȷʵд𰸡
ҶĳܵһƷֻ꣬ǸӦ÷ǳǿôֻı϶Ҳ򵥡
ö𵤻ֻǽ𵤣ھûô򵥡
ǳϸૣ˭
ûйය˴аﾻԺ㰴ϵͳ·ʾʼֵĸȥѰҵȴȵˡ
һߵҶڸоһ󶯵֮Īһɾ޴ķŭйѾ񵱳ôˣԸƾճֵѾࡣ
ȴɷŭѹȥԺѾִ˾塣
ԺеССĿɰȫһûгҲСΡ
ͷǳǳߣ֮߱һӻҪ߳ӡ
Ҷھ߶ţһ˾ע⡣
ʲôˣ
ľǳףǵıԲˣ෴ıԶܴǸͷеɵζ
Ǻ˽ħ򽻵ĴˣҲѧһЩ£ǾԼ̫Ǳ۸ԾͼװԼװͰ͵ģǡ
˾ڲ֪ܣ֪˶ܹĺãǣо֮ǲġ
ԾԴ˶һװͰ͵ӣֻмϤ˲Żɫ
Ҷ޽ɢ˿Ҷ峤ˡ
峤ܼ𣿿뿪Ҳˣ
Ѿû
Ҷ뵽֮ǰʱ˾BĽ˵峤쳣뾫峤һһ¡
ĳϵİο
ǸصľԥţҶ棿
ҿġ
ҶԺǸ˾裬ϴ򿪣Ҷ
ֵñ廹Ҫš
̬ȱȰλСҪΪ⼸֡
ҶаȻˣǱ㰲Ͳסˡ
Ҷܳɹļ˾峤峤һߣǸͷӣܼ񣬿ӡ
ҶʵԷֱ档
͵ؿȥм˵ĸо
ң峤š
Ҷʵͷ˽⾫壬ð֮֡
Ǻǡ
һִɤＷƵģǳǳĹŹ̶֣úܡ
ֲ֣㲻£ܵͷͺˡ
峤˵ҪҶ֡
Ҷ¿ȥ֪ʱڵľ鶼Ѿ뿪ˣֻ峤
˭Ҷܿ峤ĹϷӦ㲻Ǿ峤ʲôˣ
еֻǿϧ˰
ҶԼˣ֪Էʲôʱµ֣ոջԶܶԷĹ
Ҷ۾ͻȻоһͷĿѣ
ԿǵĿƣǺһѾʼЩԵļ
Ҷҧס⣬ǿԼûôĺˣʼһ
ôõķֻ갡ϧ겻ڣȻ˴֮ܴ
Ҷڻ֮иоԼ˱
뵽ǸŻϹֻ÷ߺޡ
ҶӦ֮ߣԺѰŰ취Ǵʵתˡ
ǰֻǷֻ꣬ôֿܵסأ
ҶҪʧȥʶʱͻȻоĳڱţоԼ궼ڲ
αװɾ峤ߣڽҶŪ֮ƤģһªаޣϻహϢħа˴˽
Ҷ˾Ľأͱˣ濴صСҲɱȡǵֽƬ龫ʥرаĵط
ˣ֪Ϊʲôǲҵ״̬Ǿ˺εȵĴݲС
Ҷûг׻ȥʼձһѣҪΪԼĳһĳ
ڿЩѾľʱҶоףﷴһ˼
Ҷ£ʵʵڲݵϡ
оһɾ޴аԼߡ
Ǹˣضĳʯ
ˣҵһѵĹƷã
Ҷδԣǿʯ
һֱӴӾʯϵ
Ȼھǻ״ָ̬оǲһģܸоаǿ
һ˲뵽ˣһŵʱؾ֮ħ壬ʱħħ֡
ʱħϸܵǹͽܵķǳơ
ѵؾжֵħаצ
ҶڲҪ˼ôȥҪطڲаݵϢȥ
ȤȤ
Ȼǡ
ǣȻϵȵĹƷѾŵζˡ
˷ǳˣڵϣ˴

ûԽȰʹ͸ȥĵ
аѵ⣬һѪ³˷ط˳ȥ
ҶԼװԵļƻаˣɴ಻αװˡ
ֱѹǿʯ
ʯϾȻһųªҶûпͻȻԼ˫Ŀһҫ۵İ׹³ʧȥɫ
ûɫʣֻܿΪڰס
ֱĴۣ
Ҳӵа
Ҷһǲݼ̤ʹаǿ£Ҳֱͦ˼վֱ˫ȱˡ
ӵаκĸԸ׷ͽʹҲһȺ֮ˡаվа񡣡
޴ޣΪ֪Ϳۡ
ˣԹҲаʤǿΪβ߳ȥȻǱаĻֻҶڴľ帹أֱĪЦ
а񱾾ǲܿƵĲȶӣҶ̼֮󣬵kҪֱɱҶ
ǵkڶʱͻȻͣסˣЦ
ƫԸҿŰɣޣű㸲£űӵֶҪĴ֮񣡡
а
Ҷ΢ɲ˿Ķˡ
һζĶˣһ統ؾǰ㹶һ
ɵħޣ֮ԵаＤֻǻ֮ƣа֮ħΪб׶ܽеĻᶼѺע档
Ҫ취뿪
Ҷļ٣ȴһƵӡ
㲻£
аʤµ㣬кξ֮Ҷ˻ش
ĶڴܲأԵǿ㸲µаɵֵа


108 
ö𵤽֮, һͨ𵤵ӻصߡ
Դ˶֪˵ʲôźˡ
ǳܸоöαװƵġ
ô죿
ȣ
ήһ꣬ʱϴطۻ, ҲԽȡһ, ʱԼչ͵, Ϊаַ̫࣬ǳ⣬Ļܿ޷аϴ
á
ȵ꽵µʱ, ɾȴϢԼ
ȵ곷ȥʱͻȻоЩԾôô
ϵͳûϸ, ΪϵͳҲ֪˵ʵûаǷǳǿģϾĻھͲһˣаԺ, ĵλֱܵв, ˵һССϵͳˡ
Ҳûйϵͳûã֪ϵͳˣͺһ, ζֻаһ
Ӽ, ֱ˴ָصıԵ
Ӧ̳ĵطҲаŨĵط, ôаȴϡ
ϵͳаټ
ϵͳ̽һ˵ûаټо֣аҲ١Ǳаˡ
аһаĻأӦû᳤÷չŶԣôͻȻаȫ뿪أеһ˿
ϵͳֵĵط
˼ţаʲô£Ҫаƺ˵ͨˡ
ֻǣаڷǳǿ󣬵kܳʲôأ
аǿԵֵǿ޵ĹһƵĻôа񽫻޵С
ҲаΪʲôǰһҪݷԭǰû취ȺҵkͽҲ٣Ҳ١
аʼȡаˣɼkҲзһ׼ǵʱ䲻ˡ磬ſЩڵǰЩﶼɾ
ݵĸʱ￴һƵļ̳ͷ̳ˣʱŲӶʼˡ
ջߡ
⵽Щ˾ڼ̳档
漴˼Цˣаëɣ̳ŪŸʲô
̳֮ģŻİ˴
һ̳Ȼİ˱棬´󺧡
һжˣ
ǧˡ
ҲȲʼǲ̳ٶȲ죬Ϊó߿ߣûǲܹһʣµȫòϡ
岻֪Լ˶ãֻǸоϵڱ룬첲ʹ
̫ˣֱȥˡ
ΧǸأûжܹ룬ûдҽʵ㲻úõģҲɲ档
籣ȥ
ϵͳЩĿǰû°ɣ
Լٶ̫˻ϲϡ
ϵͳһģûµġ
оֱ۵ļⶼ˺Ѹˣʹ֣ܵҧ
ֹ֪ȥ˶ãͻȻܹڿ
ǳֻһСӡ
ȥԺ̳һƵĳˣ϶һл԰Ƶġ
ﲻν԰˼
ʬ̶ִĿɼ

ɱңɱҡ
һȥﰡﰡ
бݣ֪δЩ뿪ĳЩ˵⡣
ֻôһڴЩ˷岻Ⱥǵģ˶׳ŵӿ˹
һͷͷƵľѪȵĿ塣
óЩϵ
ǵģҴȥ
óӡӡܹٻ޺ǻΪƴȫĻպÿ֧޺Щ˴ȥ
ǵģ
ֻһ𣿡
һôܾô˰
߰ɡħͷˣҲġ
ߣЩĴ£ŻǱħͷץˣץ׸ħͷ
Ⱥﲻ֪˭һ
һŵػȺˡ
ͻȻ֣һЩȷʵʵҪµģЩȰ뿪Ҳˡ
ֻˡ
Щ˶аצģһ봿һսթаҪЩ˵ĥҪôЩ֮˽ͬҪôЩֱɱˡаĿģkһʳ¡ж˶ǵkͽkҲԽԽǿ󡣡
˵˿ʲôľĸеʹ࣬޾
Ҫȫ𣿡
岻֪ЩѾΧˣһڰ嵲סЩˡ
һǰޣ߰ɡ㻹ᡣ
ȣҪȣԽԽ󣬿ı˿̱ܵֵȺ
忴ˣҪŸ뿪Ҫ
ҿԾˣҪ̹׵˵Ҳܱ֤ǽ᲻¡ΪǸħͷֻץˣǾµĻˣµĺˡħͷϲһ߱ɱ˭Ц󡣡
֪֮׼񼫵ˣǾ뿪ҲӲ޽׷ҲӲɢ˵Ʋá
Ⱳûһ£һҲûСʧܰ
Цѡ³ΪħͽһɱǣΪа񲻹졣ǻһѡ뿪Ӵ˸Ĺ£̫Ҳ̫ˡ
ʵѡ»ᱻɱ뿪Ҳᱻ׷ɱ̫Ļ£뿪Ҳᱻɢ˲ݵ׷Ʋá
Ⱳûʲô£ӻǸˣͲͶħΪ顣ҲҪ˽ϡ񶼷ɲƵطʲô£ӼˣҲҪ촦
һÿǸʵ˵վ˳
аޣʮؾ֮ɱ˶ᱦ
󡣡
Ⱥһɶ˸Ŷ
ֱʣˣһһŮ
ħޣɢһ׷ɱħޣеĿᰮ͵ڵãԼΪŮóö˲ٶΪĵơ
أǡ
ԾɶģǺȷ֪뿪Ҳǻġ
ǣøףʿ뿪ʱ·ҵܵĻ᣿
ߣʿҲʶǣ򲻻ῴĶ˻˵ƽ
Ҹ뿪
Ҳǡ
Цá
ųӡİ޺ˡ
ǻᱳȥߣҽﴦһ뿪
İ޺˲䣬Ⱥ˶һ¡
Ϊֻһˣ˴󲿶ģһ˿ɵǧ
ħ໥һۣڱ˴п˼ɵɫ
߰ɡõҡߴǿЩ뿪
ӡϵͳһˣӡе޺ʵ൱ǻΪôİ޺ǻΪ
ֻҪܹṩ֧֣˵ӵһ֧սӡ
ֻϧĿǰôֻͣݵĻ޺һȺˡ


109 
忴Щ˶뿪, ſʼʰ̳ϵĶ
Ҫʲô
飬ûʲô, µڹĶضкۼ¡ڶа˽ʵ̫, ֻܴЩϸ֦ĩڵĵط֡
ҪҰæ𣿡
ܽһж¼𣿡
ԭ׼ӰʯģӰʯûϵͳô, ӰʯĲݺױ޸ģЩӰʯӰƬһһ
Ȼû⣡
ܹﵽϵͳǳ⡣
ָʾȥ, ĳȫ¼
˵⸽ĵҲ¼Ҳ̫ķˮ޽˲żü, ϶ܶ
ʶˣʱЩһЩȥܲоʲô
뿪
뿪ܼ򵥣һԾȵصʱ, ǲٶȻ, ȻÿסԼͺˡ
ûֱӴӼ̳̳ԽȥǴħŮߣħ, ĳȻ֪ô, һǲġ
˳İæ廬˽Զλá
ڵ˻, ħŮµħݵΪҲűһء
Ҫʲô
ɱˡ彫ϵͳ̳һħУֱӴֱϵֵǳķ
ʹȻ̫ΪϵͳƷõԺϸӦԼ򵥵Ļ輸£ħеҲ
ϵͳûüҪɱ˭չ˼£ܷɣǷɲԶҲɲߡ
Ҳ㹻ˡڰǲħһķٶˡ
ŷӡµӡǣ֮һȥ
׷ĵһˣǸᰮöƶ˵ħޡ
ħ塣
òװǸ޺ȥȫĵطû뵽ͻȻħ塣
ħ壬ôҲħޣȻħħ޵λԣħҪ׷ɱޣħһġ
ħˣ
Ҫӳ޵ĵ̣ǰħ壬ħΧħսҲУܺùҹĵ
屻ͣħǰħޣ
ǣħˣħޣаץ˼̳ϡҷѾ˳ڴħ򡣡
аЦħ޵˵Ǳ޸ģȴ˵Լӳġ

ǣܣħ嶪ˡ
ƾ㣬Ҳħ壿һദǶʱ䣬ħ߲İѧû֣ħ嶼ֱ治Щħˡ
ħ޹ڵϣ֪ˡ
ǣʶȤպãҪȥץһͽͬǰȥܹպڱ߰ɡ
ħܹԳƱģλһ㶼͡
ħûħ˵ħĸħʵȨĸ߲㣬ЩҲĻλ
ԳԺϲ񣬹ڵͷлˣСһΪ˸Ϳأǡ
ǣ޽ĹƭƭԼɡ
ʵ̫ħķˣħûһ˿һĻɡ
ߣɵһʱͻȻʲô
ˣС
šˡһƿҩҲϵͳռģרħ鵤ҩ
ֶħ޾Ȼ޽˵Ǳ
ﱻˣкԹԣĵҩ򿪿˿иΪ֮𾪡
ħǼƷ鵤һˣ˿ʹһƿ
ٿǰħ˿ûа˼ɼ˱һĲֵ
Ƶᣬֻһ֮⣬ĵȴΪԼĻֶеѪ̫ʹˡ
ΪʲôЩ˵ģ
Ϊ衣̾˿ôаħôأ
˳ŷӡӡǣҵǸǱħޣ֮ǰǸ߰ɱ˶ᱦħޡ
Ǹͽ棬Ļȥҵɱ
嶪һùһһ
ⲻǸһץߵǸ𣿾Ȼħͽʲô
ϵͳռpsģԸ֮ǰǵģȻỳɣֻǺܾǰµĻᣬһݵɷģӦǻûбħޣǸոճΪħ޲õӡ
⣿ʶͻȻʣһ
Żͨ£²ʶֻǼҲͬһаצץȥˣ֮£Ҳ˳֪ͽ¾뿪
ȷʵģǺõġ
Ҳ٣ħĴһҲŹ̤ǰҲһ˼һգħ壬ħޣҲе뷨һħΪħ
ͷ֪л㡣
ǡмֻ飬úð£㡣忪ʼħ޻
µҩԺ㿪ʼó͵͵ǱǸ޶صĵطڳ䲻Ľй
޸ոմôΣյĵطӳͬҲǷѾ˼Ű޺׷٣òҵһطϢȴҲûȫ¾衣
ֻû뵽ɱ˾ȻһץǸŮħޡ
ʲôһ߶ԿĽһΪʲôҪɱң
ﱾ˵ħ룬һǼܣˣʧûɱǴݾ߻ħ˵Ĵ£
һԲֻ׷ɱڶʱڣݶֶνħ޵Դȡ
ħ޵Դǰ
ˣѾͽ׼ȡˡ
忴һۣħϢħ޵ͷ­ըˡ
ͽ³ԴħϢҲϵͳռģҪ
彫ʹΪŭŭŵﲻҶ
㲻Ϊֻһɣ
ó˼ᣬݸ⼸ˣԭҼһ˰޽ĺ֣֮ǰͻȻƾʧȥ䣬ٴγʱڵħ־ȻˡЩ䲻ħͽ֪ħҵɱˡ
һ⼸Ҳġ
иеһ˿Σգֿ˿еҩƿħҩ
͵͵ǰħıӰǹǿħ˼ٵģȷǸ߲
ֻǣδ̫ɺˣ
ôˣͻȻع񿴣סĲӣӸղű㷢ĲԾЩҲʶ˵һģ
ٶĲ²⣬ͻȻȡһвˣ̫ΪΪܵǰħûзǳǿҵɱ⡣
ֻֿŻѣħʼǱ仯޳ģҲҶġ
ɤＷĵĻ²ң¶ħ壬ħ𲻸жġ죡
ǣҲҡת󣬶Щ˾ȻйأҪ֤סҼ˻ˣҲý
ǣ
岢ûһͬǰȥǽӡλñǳһλãȥ׷ɱЩˡ
һ·ľս֪ħ廹ֶΣЩ˶ֻҪλһܽЩ˸ҳ
ﲻҴ⣬սսɱ˻ϵЩԺһԴ塣
ˣ°쵽ˡ
ڵϣϲѣɱôˣȻġȥħƾͳΪħ壬ʱħ޵ݣħҲһϯ֮ˡ
һ
ǱͻȻúϤ̧ͷħ廹Ǹħ壬ΪʲôһֺϤĸо
彫һԸһ
ӹᣬչ濴Լ
ˣ졣
徭⼸ڵѾָˣ˿ȡħŮߣ˿
ڣҪ޽硪ħ
һӦӣ̫ˣȻôãһϷŪΪĵ
ķŭռǣͬԼĵƣ԰ټƵĶˣĵƣΪħ޺󼸰ܵļҵס
ǰ᲻ó˵ֿаʱһСֺô֮ˡ
ڲһˣΪ˾ҪйߣϷˣķŭ
㵽ʲôˣ˵Щ޵ؿ壬ħ
ڵңˡûзԼħݣΪҪƭˣҪƭԼųԼħݣһαװʱٷְٵʵ
汰ɣɱЩˣ
̰㡣ų޺Щ˶ս
׷ȥˣռϷ磬ʱоЩԾ
ҳԵЩҩ⣿
ûбԡ̬ȣνƫƫִ򲻹
ųԼĶҪơ
ȴЦˣҶѰ꼸ıֵܹеĶΪ̫ˣȴһ
ֻǷҶѰһˡ
ԼĶˣ鼱֮´Աڵħתħˡ
ɡһĶҲûϢ
һսƣ
Ǵ򲻹ģǰͺаһܣҪ̳ٺҪǿȥ޺Щ뿪
ʱѾǸռӰˡ
⼸ͣٸͶԼ֮ľŤתˡ
ȻӮɣﷴӦˣԾѱֱɱ֡
ңһζĶˡ
Ķ̰ϲħԡ


110 
ɱ, ֳԺ󣬱ǰ
ڹһ·յʱ, ڳⱻ
λ, Ǳȥˡ
屻һλȰ˵, ڼ֮ⶼܿѹ
ʲôˣΪη
ǰЩλʦȻа߹ùҩ뿪ˡӴ˽¶, ѾΪǹʦҩūץϾҪնˡ
Ϲأ
Ϲ˹ʦµҩˡ˺Щˡ
˰ѻ˵, Ȱ壬ȥһȻȥȾᡣ
˼ңҵѽڹڣȥѰǡл˼ҸЩ, Ҳòȥ
, һն
ٸһ·Ͼ̲飬ҲȰ˵, 嶼ͬ˵ǡ
ǲž͵а޵צ, Ҳųҩū¶Ȼ, Ҫȥ
أ
棬֪ʵԴҲͽա岻һϲˣϲжҪ˼ҲҪ·˼
ִʱ򣬸ոյط͸оЩԾ
Щˡ
Сģ
ϵͳһʶȻǳһֱ۱ˡ
ŹˣǸʿزʶ
ΪңʣѾó˿Ʒ
ʲôҲû˵ʧȥĿܣֻڷˡ
彫Ʒɱһ̣˷֡Ƶģ۵ͨ˵ɫŶĿ־壬жɼĽѡ
ȴѵʶԼɱһ޹֮ˡ
ġ
ϵͳ֪ôοֻܸɰͰ͵˵Щ
ܺɱΪﱾˣһʼ¶һҪɱ
˲һǰΪ˽Ѷмʵܲ
ʹһҿջѪζǽϻв֪޵⣬
𣿡š
Уеġ
֪ĸطðһ忴ĳؾƵĹһС
ˣ˾Ҳ
嵽Աߣˣˡɱˣɱˣ
־̫ѡ
ŵġ̾˿ڴ˵üģһźȻĿĽֱֱԺ

һʵָ˰Žһ𰲾
СڻָһЩſջڵĲ״˴ӣһʱûվסֱӻڵϡ
޺ţˣģ˶
ȴ˵仰ĬĬǰļ򣬡㣬ɻȥ
ˣСﳤһȥģ
Ҳ벻õĵطڵ״½ûһ̫ƽ
ˣиɢˣ˿ɷҴŸ
˵ͷ
СóԼĴ⻹ȫļҵˡ鷳ˡ
дһţŽлˣСĶ顣
ҡ˶û˵꣬ǰԾˡ
ֹԷڵѾĩ޿ɾȡ
Щ߳ջվãһѻ
𣿡
ûĬţſһֱǰߡ
żм˴ӽð˳ὣɱ
ֱ˹Ļʹͬˡ
ֻ˵ǳˡ
а񣿡ϵͳȴûеϵͳش̤˹š
ûϱӻɵĹʹڳһƬк𣬱ŵľͷѵ
˳Ĺط˼ģõʬ塣
£庰ţӦ
йǵὣǵеֻ֧á
巢йеһЩ׼뿪ʱͻȻЩ
ϵͳɨ衣
ϵͳѾ˺ϵĬɨ迪Ժǽ塣
һӡ
˹ȥһӣԺһٻһСޣСޱ˷ӡ޷޳
彫ޱ˳޻һö壬һöƵģǹҹǳʱ˴ģĴ͸
ϸ˿дǸʢ֡
ǣС彫˻ȥ֣»ʢȡƣӦĹ
뿪֮ǰֻλλӣ˵һλнҪ衣λˡ
ޱڻǺӵģǳɣǺӵɫ̫ãǶˡ
Ҫ뿪𣿡
šͷǲӴߣӴŻ
Ҫȥģ
ҡҡͷĿǰҲ֪Ҹط뷨ӸŪԵġ
ź뿪֪ôˣ˶ֻ֪ôһͻȻһҹ֮㸲ˡ
Ҳ֪ǴҪԵˣ֪ӹ䡣
С뿪ϵͳһ¸ụ̂Ӻһ㣬ٰѺӸ
ϵͳ̳Ŀǰûˢ³ֶϵͳϽȥð졣
ûʲôӤĶܼ۸ˣϵľͰһ¡嵹ǵһôۻ֣Ĵϵͳʼˡ
ź뿪֪˶ãһСϿȺ
˽źȥǿꡣ
꾯Ŀ壬˭ҪʲôǴӲӭˣ뿪
С磬ʲôط
ܾͦģϸֺİ
ûлشһֱĿǰһһ

ֻһЩ̣һĺӾͿҪˡѻС¶
꿴һۣ㶣ӣ
šɷһЩ̸ң
ңǴ峤ҵ򡣡
ɷȥһ峤ţ塣
屧źվ̬̹ȻĬһᣬ¶ģðɡҿ㲻ǻˡ
ϾҲûл˴С޳µģ˸ڣһֻ֪ĶܳĺڹɿĽЩȺϵһ
ȻȺ͹뿪
˴忴ķĹվԭš
޸壿
ܾͷ壬֪Ǵӣ
֪һЩطǰǴиˣз˵öô
ۿͻȻˣ壬Ȼ˵ʶˣ
šʶҡ巢Ծôˣǵ˳ʲôˣ
ˡƣ峤Ժ棬Ȼ˵ﲻӭˣȻʶˣҴȥ峤ɡ
˵ͷȥš
űˣӡ
޸Ĵ峤
㡭
峤ʱһ£Ҳϳˡ
峤ãȥǴӣЪŹգ֪峤ӡ󣿡
˵Ŀˡ峤˵ţҷˣ
ͻȻ廰峤Ҫ̸Ӻȡ
ͷҲ˲ѯʷ˵ʱĺӶιȥˡ
峤Ǻӣ⺢ӣѾһˡҲȲ
죬֮дϣʵ峤棿
Ȼģҳ˴򽻵ܿ峤̾˿ĪҪѹ⺢ӿ̥µģ޹ء𡣡
ȻΪԼ̫ˣź⺢ӱˣ峤˵־鲻Ծ
⺢ӣġ峤˵գת뿪
ץס峤ֱۣ峤ȱߡ⺢ӣһҲû𣿡
ǹĹǹҽеѪˡ
峤ҡҡͷѰȥ￴ɣûа취ġҰһֻʬɾȲǰ
˴峤Ļ忴꣬ȥˡ
·
һļңһƾɵеӣʹСլӸ룬ΨǽǿһЩõĻСһĨɫ
ûţֱŽȥ
ȽȥԺ忴̱ڴϵķΪʲôš
ΪûбҪѾʧȥʶˣǺͿġ
һֻճһѵģš
ͬ˵ţͷӦ£ֻؿŻĺӣ⺢ѲɾҪɥ
ɷŪЩιӺһЩš
ţ峤˵⺢Ǹģ𣿡
Ǹô죿
弱תͣˢϵͳ̳ǣϵͳҲ֪ȥˣһ㷴Ӧûˡ


111 
ػ, ˼һҡҡͷҲ֪ô졣иԵĶ, 𣿡
⡭
⵱Ȼǲе, ò⣬⺢ӺľҪˡ
ȿȡ
ͻȻһ, 忴̱ڴϵķˡ
ͻȻ̧ͷȥͷ̫߸߹ҡ
һ򵽷Ĳǰ, ˣ
ĵˣ𣿡Цࡣ
ǻعⷵˡ
û뵽ȿȡû뵽֮ǰ, ܿˡ廳еĺϣ⺢ӣأǺǡΪˡ
ˣôˣоǴ峤ֳֻˡ
ĳж
ҡҡͷ, û, ˶ѡõˡ
ĵͯأ
ˡʦҷҲģΥҲҪ뿪
ȻǶ, ֻҪ뿪һΪͻᵴȻ޴ԡ
ԯ, ҲˣΪһԾҪġ
̾˿, Ҳãˣˣа֡
˵Ż֪Ѿ˽а¡
ٿȥҵ
ڣԱߵȥҹ﷭˷˸ҡ
ѽӹȻ˵⺢ǻȥˣҲǺֻ᲻á
˵żʲôӶԣֻҪܾ˾ˡ
ȥϻɡ
ʲôǸطôȥ
ȡĻǣβȥһҿԣ˵⺢ӣ˻ܻҵ˼
ĬĬ˼ãͷ㶯ְɡ
ŷе嶣죬һһ䣬СͻȻʼ
⺢ӵġã󣬱㽫Աߣȡ˻ȥϻ塣ϻϻи֮
ϻͰɾˣǹȴܳΪ֮
С޵ĻǷŽȥĹ˰֮һޡ
ֻǻմĵطġȥϻһˡ
˿Լĵط޸壬ǻ˸طѾι̣ɺҲȲˡ
˵Щõˡ
ˣסֻ֣ϵƤһѾȥе
ֿЦЦˣлϲֻǡȣˡ
ˣٳһ巭ϵͳ̳뿴ûܾıȷʵôҲҲ
ٿȡ
Ĩȥþˡ
ǿƱһɡ꣬Ծдֻϧû¾Ʋˣֻªˡ
Ǽģһۼʱÿ£ˣǿֲȴ£еʹ
ˡӹƱ
Ц÷ǳѣȻҲ˳Ȼˡкξ壬οǰǹһˣǰһ¡ա
ꡣ
һ
Ҫڶʱ򣬷ͻȻͣסˣһӱòҰæԱ˵ٿȥڹ㡭
ˣ
Ѿˣǰûܱۡ
ٿ˵ǰ޵Уˡ
Ǿ̳ӣʹʹһڣһȷʵû
ѵرŻеСȥϻ壬ҵλϻ
ˣ
ϻǲϵ˵ǹĹƮġ
ϼһﶼҪģˣҲҪֵҵġϻͻȻЦҪȥɡ
һһľϻӷ˳
ºľϻһˡ
ڹ˳ֵһ̣廳ǴСĻǱ㸽档
ϻ塣
ϻǧ겻䣬˹ҵ˼һ統ϻǰ㡣
ʱϻ崦ҹ˯ʱҪ񼸷֣һСľͻ˵
ٴȴС
˭
˼ǰ׼ĸ˼кʱ˼ȴǺɵؿŹ塣
һ㶣ͻȻʱʱ䲻һ
Ҳ˵˼ʱǻûʶ
Ŀ𣿿Ҫޣͬ˼һ統ǰ㴾ơ
˴ӣʱŷִЩ֡
ֻм˼ң𵱳ʱ˳ӵĳȫͬ
ЩѾԹ뿪磬ΪʱߵԵʱˣ
岻֪ĬĬ˼ߣ˼һסƻûе
мªһ˰æũϻؼҼʰһ±˯ˣ⡣
ûϵûϵһЪŵĵطͺáЦ˼ȥǰסǼӡ
˼ЦЪᣬȥ׼Եġ
زأϲԶ֣ϻôһ£Ҳ֪˶ǶˣҲǲҳĶϾЩʵʵǸԵġ
ˣ˼û˼Ҫӵģ
ӣ˼ͷ壬ĺӣ
ҲڲŷӦϴϻʱֻŮ͸ˣȷʵûпκһӡ
ֻʱûЩ
彫óֻҪȥѿɳܳһӡ

Լ˿̿ӦԲѵķӣֻһҡײƭ
ЩΣʵȷʵˡ
˼ĬĬЦˣҾŰɡҪɱҡ
ֲ֡ЦҪллŶԡ
Ҫ
˼
忴ó˼ڸƵĺء
Ц˼ȥԺԺɡҪʱ䵽ˣԼͳˡ
ϾϽ½ˮҲʲôãֻܿӪˡ
˼Եȣȥ˳ͷԺ˸ӡ
ǹ˶ȥ
𣿡˼Ȥ塣
ĬĬʢӾͽаʢɡ
ûд˼
岻֪˼ΪʲôͻȻִ⣬룬Ī˼￴Ϊȡְɡ
á˼ЦЦиվͺãվ֪ġ
ʱף˼ûյģ޸ˣֻ仧޸ĴĹľϻ
˼ǺӸĸĶţȽӳˣ뿪ˣٽ
˼˵ͷãұˡ
˼ｫ˵ɷµӣаЦĪǸССӳǿ֮ˡ
˼պá
Ҳ뿪ˣкܶҪߣޡ
߰ɡҹ·ƽˤ˼˶˵š
仰˼أˤһֱˤ磬ʱͻᷢԼſڷصϣǸͨˣҪֱӱġ
޷һڵңˡ
뿪ϻ壬֮ǰȥϻһˣ𣿡
ϻҲ̫ӡ
ϻҵĿðôˣ
˵ãǱðɡ岻ִֻǰʲôҪҰæȥ£
ţ롣ϻһǰʱ廹Ϊ˯˵ʱϻͻȻڣһ
ϻȾơ
ƣԼĴңûҵƣţȥѰ
ϻҡҡ֦Щɺӡҿǲ˼ǧˣúܰ
һ⻰һֲõͷ޷׽ͷľ˼ֻܿȥҾơ
˷ļٿѾ¡
бݣĬĬٿʵɻоƣ
ûˣһ㲻Ǳ𣿡ٿ޵۾ģƽŵԹض˵ţﻹжľƣ
ȥĳٿͻȻסǰݸݸȻоƣҪƬɭ֣ɭʱϽڣҪƲɣѰȥɡ
߾ǹ³ǡ
Ǵӹ³߳ģû뵽Ϊһ̳ƶȥ
ȥ뿪


112 
, ûзɵ³ǣֻǷɵһɽʱͣ
װɽ, ֱӷȥ
ոؾͱһȺɽ˸Χ, ҪǶҵġ
˭Ҫң
һϤŮͷȥ, ϲѡ
Ů㶣㣿
Цҵģò, 
û뵽㣬ҵС˲ⱣҰװɽ¡㣬Ǳ˵ͨˡζ毴, ԽԽľ
̶̼꣬ȻӵαķڵĻڴܡ
㵱ҹĿ࿴ζļ򣬡˵ϱ߱رǰһţ쿴ˡ
ЦЩ, ҵĪҪȤˡмֻˡ
ɲǼֻеΪζֵ, ˵ټʱȾƣʹһ
ҵ, и֮롣ЩΪ, ǿ˵˳
ҵĿ£
Щơϻ¸ζ˵ˡ
ζ毳Ĭһ, ȥȡƣߺ˵ϻ´Ҫˡ
ʲôȷʵһɲĸо²⣬ϻĴ޵ˣϻŮӸΣ
Ǹγ꣬ûϻάҲһġǲģòϼΧˡ
У
ܡҼҽ㵱ˣšҲһطײˡһʣϲ㷽ͬ˵Щ
лҵġ鸴ӣһѹϻĿˣһָпɴķӡ
ζ毵ȡ˾ƣ˾Ժζȴû
Ҫ뵽ҰװɽҺܸˡ´ұضʢд
лҵģپۡž뿪
ص޸壬޸ⲻԶϻڵžơ
ǰƴˡ
ţٶȵǹ죬һΪҪȵղܺءϻض˶һվŰ׺ӵүӵ
һϻĹչΡΡسš
Ͻǰȥӭ
ûȹƣʲôζܽ
ϻķʣĵɬӣǰ˰ɡҴȥҩҽ
ޣڿʲôϼһһûءϻž̳£Ӳһ֡ޣֻҪʹˣǲµġⱲӣطҲûȥʲôҲûһôҵĹͲ϶ȻǼһʡǲġ
ǰ
˻һһƤ⻰˵ɣϼһûˣ˹ԼҰҲҪȥˡ
ǰһ֪¡
ϻȷʵǳ̹ȻСӱ²˼ȴúܣóõʲô˶ȣʲô˶Ҿȡǵ㱾аҰֻ͸֧̫ˣҲﲻҲãҲãɾˣˡ
ϻһھƣƽһκȾƣʲôζζҲûƷֻͷе
Ʊġ屻ĹŹָЦˣһλصľƣݹã˱Ƚҡ
ô˵Ǻþඣ
šͷΪζ毰ԼõľƸˡ
ϻ̳Ӻһڣþưҵúúó
Ȳȣϻ塣
ҡҡͷҲȡ
ȽϲҪǺҾƣĻᵹزʡˡ
ϻ죬ԼˡСޣʱ˰ɣ
š
ЩϼһĲ࣬ˡ
ǼⷢᣬǰҴȥҩȰɡ
ȥҩȲǸõطǰ뷽跨Ҫҵıȥҩء
ģʶҩȵҽʦ˺ܺõģҼ塣
ҲȥվһӶţҲҪ˭ҲߡСޣΪҼ̳ӺþƾҡҸ㣬ļᶨء
ϻֺڣͻȻʼСžЩ죬ǲǵʲôˡ
ǱߺС˯ӡϻ˵ǰиϴĵ޸壬´˸СޣߺŸС޺˯ˣ˼ѧˡ
ǰںң
ϻֿ¶һЦޣҪǰȥͬһɽ˱Ŵɽ߲ԶġҪѧ£ѧǰǰߡ
ͷлǰָ㣬֪ˡ
㲻ָ㣬ֻⱲӲʲôֻһ¡ˣ⸱˵ҲҵĴɽˣɽҵȥҲѹ²ģСοΪҵ᣿
ûסֻ뵽ǰʦ
ʦǰҲġ
˶ҲȥһµԵ֣ѧмǣΪˡ
ҧţȷʵһεµ
ֱԵϻɢ֮䣬Ŀǻʣµİ̳ƣҧ´̳Ӱ
̳ӷԺɷŽϻ뿪Ǹ
һأһ鱮дš֮Ĺ
Щת뿪δעĹٶɢ΢⡣
ٿʹ峤ǣˡ
վϻԱߣԭϻһ·أ·Աһء
ٿԱߴСľݣҪΪĹ
һΪʦΪҪʦĹꡣ
ͷ֮ǰһȫһʱĽơ
ˣʱŵսɱ¾ǰħսҲٿһĻȴս
Ҫȥģ
塣Щоͬ𶯣ǹɲõĸо꣬˶һɷйķƸС
ҶС㶨Ȼھˡ
ͬ˾棬Ҳܡ
弸ȫڸ·ȥһ壬֪嵽׷ʲô¡
־ȥ鷳ȥֱ̽һ̽
ʱ͵Ҷһ
֮˴ȥ峤
˵ǵһʱ;òԾа̫νˣȻÿζǺаצӴôεĺаײѾܹĸ֪аĴڡ
ϵͳˡϵͳ̽⸽
ȷʵаڣҵжơ
ЩҶСˣ֪ΣоͬڷãɼҶС㻹š
ֻҪžͺãǿԼˡ
峤ЦվžʢһȻ鴫
ҾʥȪˮȷʵܾȳ
ʲôżǱ߿ǵȲģ峤ʵ֪
ǰ˸СȻʥȪˮ⡣СʥȪˮȪۣҾʥȪˮûԴеֻô࣬һһ㡣Ǹ壬ҪҾΣ
ò⣬֪˵Ǽ١˼ţ峤ɷȥ
ȻȻ
徯ţ˺ܹŹ֣ȥ壬Դħ̬ȣ;Դ޽̬ǲģ峤κΪ峤ļҲ
ɾ峤ŽжȴԼ·ˡ
ʥȪˮʲôҲ룬ʥȪˮǾ˶֪Ķ˽Կ֮ֻǶ˵衣
֮峤Թ·أ
ϵͳһĹˡ
ϵͳˣֱԵϵС⻹ǿһġ
ֻϵͳ֪ΪʲôҪ
ɹһǧ߰ꡣ
ȻˡȻ峤мˣǰȴֻһǧ꣬ɼǸٵġ
ݸٳһ£Ҳһ˿Ծʱ򣬾ܷӦѸˡ
ɡ峤·
ʵǸСˣǿץ˵ȶܷŹ
ȻץˡСѡ
˹Ǵ󵨣ȻʥȪңòָʹɣ˵аӥצǲⱣҲаĹƻаսթ޳ܣ峤ӦĲǰ
˵ţǸҪʱһſƷȥ
ϵͳİ¿óħŮߣħŮߵĸݣ˵ʵģ¶˳
ª忴òƣȷʵı󡣡
ԥɱħŮߴԼϣó峤ӡ
ҪСġаȻǵkȲͣڷǱĶܹ
š֪ոǸ˿еСǰҶС㣬һ뵽ҶС㱻ݳɴˣеŭҪƲסˡ


113 
͵͵Ǳ, ϵͳҵͼȻ˽صλá
ԼҶСͬͬ, ܿҶĴ巽
еҶȻҲܵһ㡣
, ǿԼ򶨡
ֻϸ΢ı仯Ҳа׽ˡ
ڿ־壿⵹˼, գδʧ̬ڿ־ʲô
аûһ̬kһźŸģ˿̻һֳĶһʯ, ͷӱҶ
ҶûشԼԺٶ̹ؿа
ˣαװˡֻϧ, Щ¶һξ͹ˡ
Ҳ²£ˣ
㲻ϣǸ
˶Ҫ
ˣСˡ
ҶڣɳƣȴЦȷʵС, Ҳ˵ûԴ, ͬˡûЩСˣʲôǡ
˵öԡ˴, ǿҡȴ־, ⲻ֪ÿһݿ־嶼ʹұøǿǿη, ǱҪɱҡ
㱾ͲӦôڡ
ˡûʲôӦôڵĶֻвñĴڡ˼ȻңұӦôڡ
Ҷû˵ĵЩȣаڸϴԣΪǴģ˲÷Լ̰ɱ¾ͱ壬˴аа
ڴԺͼа
аΪ˵Ĵҽ۵Ҷ
һϴԵ㹻ǿˣοаҶصıйء
ħƫִģ϶˵ºѸġ
ʶҶ϶ûʹаϴǧ飬ҡΣǿҲһһμᶨ
ҲаΪʲô֣ȥħԭ
ħĶ̫ǿˣֻħ𣬲϶Ǵвἰ£ħ˲䱩аĿǰҲЩֻܸ֣ܶš
ȥħǲģҲǲǵġ
ߣħûô߶߶Щ
ηаǡ
ǿа޾Ϊŵǡ
̰ͼаȨɫΪ
ħһǵǿħ𣬴˳Ĵڣ׷ǿǱħʵ
ħΪĵģǵ߼ֻлԼṩħ𣬶ֹȡħ׳Լ
ֻҪħ𻹻ţħǲ̰꣬˲ҪĶ
ǲҪٻħ˼棬ܶҪĳЩ͵˼㣬ǲ̰ͼɫ
аħûа취kֻʱħ壬忪
аҲɣЩ;һħᶨԼĵģ˱ħѲаֻݻٲΪãΪ֪Լ
аǽƻģǵͼı
һֻС˽аͻȻڡ
ҶΪ֮һ񣬵סԼ¶˫Ŀƽ޲ؿǰߡ
аͻȻЦҪСζ
߸ϵ̰һζǣ
ҶЦûƸ
аЦȻֹkǿžʯ
ҶѾˣаʱղʲô˵ʲôʼ̾ʯͷϣѲʯͷıĵط
Ҷֻĵ׼һ㣬ȴȥ֤һա
ҶܵͬԽԽӽץλٵ峤ˡ
Сļˡ˹£̬ȹžº
аǾʯгغγһߵģʼڹµ߲ơ
ңȴκǺǣСһαװȱ˵㡣
аͻȻսһէ֮ǸطֻʣһֻСˡ
ҶؿţȻһֻС
аҲסһ˲³kƵġ
ˣǸ˴ҴҸ˹аŵһֱ󿴣վԭأˣֶ˴ˣСȥЩۻ֮ﴦɾ
Ǻǡ˭аֱɱ
Ȼһһ
ˣôˣ
˹ĽһˣаյһЩ΢Ȼ֮ǰҪ࣬κôˡ
ɵؿˣͷ˵ϣ˳ҪƵġ
ˣ
־ģkյݿ־
Ҵȥа˼£Ȼϲʲô󰭣֪ʲôϷˣ˼ΣkҲЩˡ
ͷǣСȥ졣ˣҪϵط
˵أط͵ʥȪǱȥаص˾ʯ˵һ䣬Сˣϸ̲飬ҪŹκһɵˡ
ǣ
ҶѺ뿪ϸܵͬǡ
ʥȪλãҶ˶գգۡ
Ҷɫʱ֮ǵǣʲôҲû˵ȴһ˵С
ոոܵаĶɣԼǿһʼͻᱻаֱɱˡ
ץһֻŮħ߸ˣٸ´һЩָǰȥԵ
ڶõǷӡе޺ϵͳٻյħŮȡ޺Ժ޺ȥһԡ
ͨĲԣ֪аͽаʱҪһ
޺Ȼǲֶģа£޺ĳƣκڷŭ֮¶
徭ǰεóۣаʱ̬Ҫĵŷkk֮ҳƺƺЩ⣬ϾڶǺԥɱ޺
ûиĻȥԣаվҲ񣬵kƢɲã峤һõĵƣŭ˵kkɲںЩϲð
뱣֤ξԳɹ
ٶһΣԼġ
뵽ħԴħľʱǳƺħΪˡ
һѺע
ʥȪˮˣһһͽȴÿÿͷֻƴһ
ޣˣҶ建ͺԺſš
ʱദҲܸӦаĿƷΧʥȪаļء
ûȥαװԭţңҸӦˡ
̫çײˣǱʶˣ³
³ϣҶСһߣҲԹˡ
ҶΣȻڱ˽ƣûгʧȥж
Ҷߣָϣαװģʾ⣬ƭ˹ȥ
һСܡûֱϾ¹ϵͳҲ֪˵
ҶǸģ岻ҲͲʡ
ֻǵźܳ󡣡
ȡħŮߣ¶¶ҶЦ˳ࡣ
ֻࣿѵôȤһ˿̵ķΧȴɳء
ҶҲֻЦЦֱ˵Ҫ뿪
һߡޣȡʥȪˮȥɡҶįȴǼᶨ
彫ҡ
ޣ֪ġǲ˵ȥĳȲˣܻҲֵõġңֻһ
ҡͷȡʥȪˮ뿪Ȼ˳а϶ġʱаȻŹ㡣а⻻طҶҪ̽ǡ
Σһ˰ˡҶ˵ֻ̹߳еĲƽ
ͳѹſɤＷ˳ңֻˡ
ҶݣȴǼᶨţޣȥѰҵɡ
ҲҪҪֻ꣬Ҫ㡣úܽƺһ־ҶʧƵģҲҪ꣬㣬ֻҪ㡣
ͨҴģġޡҶرأ


114 
, 㻹𣿡
ҶȰ˵£ջǴʥȪˮ뿪ˡ
ߺĵڶգͻȻӷɽ, ۵͡
ͬ, ҶСˡ
岻֪˶ãת, һƬɺ죬жȾѪڵãõƺΧ綼ž, ŵײײ
ޡأڿޣȴˡ
Ҫ𣿡
ÿϵͳ䱸, Ҫͬʹá
ҧҡͷܾˣ˾Ͳʹ࣬Ҫ֮ͬʹ
ͺãʹϵʹܹˡ
ҪЩȥ塣ٴȴԼɲˡ
Ѿʹÿݽˡ
뿪˾, һ·þٶ, ǱͬҲǿŸ·
һηҩڵ, ٴ
Ľ, Ʒɽ٣ֱֱֻײȥ
ĪĶ˾͵ע, ʹ˹鿴ǻѪǱ塣
죬֪ͨҽʦȥֻǱĳ֣֪һȥ϶ǳˡ
˵꣬ͻȻˣһ˫Ѫ˿۾ȴƵĿա
͵
ǣҡ
˿ȡ˴ʥȪˮ峤ɣޱپȣ
δ䣬Ȼȥ
Ϊסҽʦ󣬾ͱϽÿ
һҪȺҽʦҽޣȺ
ҽʦͷӦĿ뿪֮һ˲ҲҵĴʥȪˮǰĽأ￴˳
Ѿڿή嶼ˣһԼϣֵܹپһ㣬ֻҪȡʥȪˮˡ
ǵһһգҪʱʥȪˮڱ͵ˡ
͵ĳʸ˹õˣ
õˡֻǾ˱ʣǰȥȥʥȪˮҶС㣬ˡƽȻŴȴڲ
ʳĬ˳һҪģȾ峤
šҲ֪µ鲻ˡ
ʥȪˮ볤£΢̹⡣
ϲһ˲Чˡ
ֳֻĸˣͷаΧ
ʻͷ۳Ծ͵ǰȥͰеˡ
İɡѾس׼
Ϊ壬ΪֻѾյС׻
´Ժ˼޷񰲻꣬˼Щģ˵˼ġ
뿪أǰ⣬Щһаĺ±־裬ҲҪ
Ща⹥ã֪ΪͻȻͣ
ĸϣô£
ݵľͻϮͣ£תԺͻһŮӡ
ļؿ治ǻа飬̲סš
ҡͷҲ֪Ǳ߳ˡ
ǰ仰ŮѾеķң䣬ǳŭˡ
а
šȥѡһЩ֣ǰ忴ΪʥȪˮĶ˿»ھ壬ѾڻָˣΪΣ
Ѿ۷ʱڵ߰˳ɡŮӸһ£ҵִﾫ壬ұָȫʢʱڡ
ˣȥɡ
ǣĸϡŮӻΪͻҴҶִҴҶȥ
ĳָҲõ˼ǿ֮ʵڻָȵѾ׿ԺʱĽֱӳ
ΧЩа鱻ʵĽӻɱֵƬ̵İ
ųڻָȻָúܻʥȪˮ㹻࣬ʥȪˮ£ֹ˰곹׻ָ
꣬ɳȥͻѾ췭ظȴûҵλΪȥʥȪˮĶˡ
޶˺屬˳ͻ
ǵ峤а鶥ˣڲĸ߲ȴóһۣΪ˾ȳǵ峤ףǵ峤ʥȪˮ
ÿһħսʱ塣
ΪǶͬġ
ֻһΣκһζҪǿӲǷ·ʯĳһ㣬κ˼伲࣬ǹھʥ֮ڣܾκ
ţ˵ֱӿ
õϢҲ㽫ɷȥʿٻ˻
ͻ塣
ĸϣʧܣĸϳͷ
ʧܲĹаڽƻʿⲢŮŮѡӣһͷ޳ȴ˼ֻ޺ᡣ
ĸϡįʹͷʧܱĴ
̾ϢҲûй˵ʲô⺢Ǹʵ۵ġ
ˣȥС߶ɡҲδ˰ɣ
ᶶ˶䣬ͷʱĵİһ޶ǡ
һȦ֪ġ
ǰҩ󣬰ҩʯ̨ϣŵ̨ϣ¸ţϣԴڷ㶡
ĸףͻȻС䶶˶ỳ˹ȥ
סЦԴС߶òˡΪ𣿡
ƲƲ죬ҲãôΪ
ԺС鶼ˡ
ÿҩڳ£ˡ
壬Ҳڲϡ
ĸףȥˣ밢ˡ
ڹ¶ʱǻĸġ
̾ڹ³ǣǰЩӷֹ³ǵһͼ̨Ҳ֪а鰵гﱸˡҺڱˣ㰢ͬһǰȥݻǼ̨ˡ
ļ̨𣿡߲̫š
ͷءв³ǶҪ㰢ڰ³ǵǨƳ
鷳ֱô𣿡
ܡѾаˣ󷢻ӲáҲϱԴаԺΪʴˣϱûһ첻ڱۡ
ʵ֪аĳֻ֣ʱȷаֻһֶΣռٵԤС
ǲʹΨһĺͳȥϣܾɳ
ɺӳɳٶȣԶûаɳÿ졣
治֪ʲô
ͷܿСϻ䣬ȥ³ǿأҪĸ
ÿ˶ɡҿǺܹԵġ
ǺǡûнŮĶ̣Űһۣ̾ϢˡԼСģҸķ𣿡
šءʵҲ᲻ϾѪףԭͻĸһСҲĸףĵ׶ĸ׸Ϊ׽һ㡣
ǰЩʱҲ˲٣Ҳö֪ⲻԼԵʱùˡ
ڰߵʱ˹ȥ˱ĸףҪСġˣͬ˵һкܹԣһ
á
߿ĸ뿪Сʱĸ׺Ͱһ뿪壬ȻҪܾúܾǲŻ
ٶʧصʯ̨š
ҩڵ˳ˡ
ŤͷһôֱˣͷƵġ
˿ɶҲû˵Цһ£Ȼ˵ҩֻصҩ
߾û˼ûиõȥǼţϣܹһϤĸо
ڵʱٴδҩ
λһҲһСݹ˱̣òˡ
϶Ǳ¯֮ĻҽͷҲˡ
Щ۵İ˹ˣҪԼҲˣȻźһ𡣡
츳ܰҵæ
ʵҲܣԻƿطǳ΢ֻ˻òҪһ꣬
Լ򵥵˼Ȼ׼ȥʹõʱ򣬷ԼѾˡ
Ц㣬ѧõĿ¾Ǿˡ
Цʲô
ʻ߽Ӳתȥ˾͡
һڴ״̬еľͣͻȻ˹ȥͽס
ֳ˳͵㣿ˣ
š׻ָұˡֵѾˣ廹ûѣ
˵ˣ˶ȬˣֻǲԸѣôһֱšչ


115 
Ϳ, 겻СҲòˮˡ
ž, ûеôĵӺ, Ǵ󵨵ӭ˾͵ӡ
գ͵ͷ̾
߰ɡһȥԵ㶫, ߳Աġ˺ϲĻʳÿ춼Գԣζ⡣
ⷽ棬
ǣ, Űߣ˲š
͸ں棬˵ıӰЩ, ߹ȥԼߡ
˾ͱˣСĵ·
߾þĪʵΨһ˭Ҿڵ·
֮嶼ù±, ǲǴ̫ðԴͿˣ
ͶϰĪ, ܿ˰ʲô˼ͻȻЦˡ
ôˣ˻ͷԶԶĶˣЦʲô
ͷ˿Լ, ۶ʰɾ, Ҳûʲôס
¡Ц⣬ǣŰ߸ȥ
ľ¥, ƿԺӭһϰҲˡ
źˣȥѺþƺòǸøʲô͸ʲôɡ߰ڰ֣Ū̫š
ϰͷһֻǼβ뿪ˡ
ǵ˶¥żԺ󣬰߱ץЩС꣬ԼҲһݡ
ǵõһԷʱҲأʱҲϲɡ
ͻȻеСóˡ
ôˣ
߶˶䣬СʲôʱѰ
һʻ˶Ĭ
ʲôӣˣҡͷ
˵뵽ķӣ˾ҽصģƫģҵģҶԹˡ
ҩأҩҲûз𣿡
ҩȣǰЩȥˡʵͣҩ׼ҽǵĲҿйżһҩȹ˵а취ǡ
ȥ͸ˣֻʣͷˣ֪ںδ
ͲٷʣȾƲ͹Ժ󣬾ͺһ󱭾ƣͱϡ
ȥħ壡ͷ
˾ﲻѵؿ
ֻ·ˡͽͣ岻ԸΪҶС뿪ҵҶС㣬ɻ
ͷ˵ǣҶС㲻ȥ
ꡣ³֣ǳᶨɼѾ˴㡣
ߴ˸飬˵Ҷħ򣿡
ҵƲˡͲұֻ֤ʱһЩۣħʧܣҶ޹ʻԣҶھʧ󴫳ħٶȱչصϢ
ֻǸЩƺصһ
ұǰħ塣
Ҹһȥץס֣ңһҪɳءҸһȥħ򣬸պһи顣
Ϳ߽żˣץž͵ֲſһȥҪǲңҡҾ͵͵ȥ
á
ʱ͵͵㣬Ȼ㡭ţ˵ʲô
˵áһȥɡͿˣأҪһ𣿡
˳ţˣô죿
һȥǱ㽫Ҳšǲȥұ㲻
룬Ǳһȥɡ
Ѿ뾡ˣΪԼҽȥҩѧҩȵйżȻûȫ֢ܶ״ҩķһҲѰԭأ߳ȥѰ
ҲҪȥڻĿɶˣܰæ֣˿ηħǴϷ߳ģǸط˺ӰһҲ¡
Ǳһȥɡû
̬ð߾ú֣ΪǰʹðյģȥħûΣա
ɣħ򰡡
ϣ͵͵͵ķ䣬Ѿ˯ˣ߱ɰ׻Сֱ̣˴ϡ
Ͳû˯ţ֪иСϻ͵͵ܽˣֻǻû˫ۣؿھͱʵʵѹסˡ
׻ϲȥ;ͣһѣһѣ
˫ۣһ˫ī˰׻ֻԲش۾εˡ
߱ˣֱſϣЦͣôǣ
㣬𣿡
͵͵Цûá˰
˵ʱŤŤȥַֻҶʲô㶼ȥãôȥˣ
ţ⻰ʲô˼˵˱Ҹð
Цҿ˵׹֮λ޴ǣ
ʲô˼˵Щߡұ
šǣ
÷ܵĻƾͣãҪ㴲˯
ÿһЩλã߱˱ѣž͵ͷھͻСӻѹ𣿡
ġ
»̫ƽ𣿡
ġ
߶˶䣬βͲס͵󣬡뿪𣿡
ᡣ
߿ˣھͻＷ˼˵˵¾Ͳܸģ췣ġ
šЦģ˵
ڷڴҲ⡣
ǻ𣿡
һ£˶ֻзŲᡣҲ˥
㺦𣿡
˵ͷû˲£Ҳûа취һеһɻȱһԱ̹ܲȻԾˡ
ƶǶڴ˯ˡ
˰ϴǺñԺڴ߲˰뿪
ڶһ磬κ˶ҪЩѹ
š
˿ʱ֪ͼˣԼᱻ£һš
ǻ˯״̬ôǾиرķӣ˸˸ϣ֫ǣƵж
ݸʬġͷƤ˵š
Σֻˡδ뿪
ǾɡСŶϣһ˵ţһߣ߾ϵСˣȻٿ
С˼˽Ųѡ
߻˻ӵ˵ĸ첲֮Ҳڰֱۡ
˵ûµģڰء˵ǻڵĴܣӹɾҲġ
˷˸ۣʿϢǧ꣬Ҳеġⲻǻ˯˰꣬ʲô⣿
գ򾲺ܹͣ
ȴҲЩô
ЩĹ
ڰȻ棬Ҳִ֪磬û壬ٿŵˣƵúܺá
мȻȥΪƵġ
ˣڻûɺãֻȥɢ˽
ںЩ飬ɢ˽ҲǷǳ˳ġ
ʱɢ˵ֶɳȥ࣬˹ܼҲȥˡ
֮ǰǰͣƾһ죬ǲ˵ɢΪǿʹ
ԺǴ뿪
һûгκ⣬һ·Ҳûа񣬵ݵԺ
ϷɢѾյҵĴţǰź˵طд˵ˡ
ֻǸӣγΪ˸ҽҩൢǾܾǵĺ⣬Ҫǰȥħ
ɢ˵һɫˡ
ôˣͷֲԾš
ɢһС¹οЦؽţǰЩһ꣬գˮšȥħΨһ·ħ˻زħǷɱʽ
޵˳ƲС
ͽȥ


116 
ɢ˵˴ȥ, Ѿ̮ˣֻߵŵӡ
ħ޷ʹãˮж, һմȾƤ, ֱӻΪѪˮ
Ŀ³̶ȣ˼˵
ͻȻ̾, ҲħЩŽ޽磬ʵħ̫ˣƺҪĶ
ûа취ܹȥ
ɢ˵ˡ
ɢ˵ĹҡͷЦ, Уħ޺ιɱأ
ŵĲк˿ͻȻյһ·ǰ, ȴȥۣǹͬǹȥ
Щߴߴڶ֣߳˰ߵ˵Ŀ
ƤӺأص۾
ϵͳҲڼΰϢݵʶ
ǲԸֻʶд, ʶҶӰ, ޷ͨ޷ֻҪܿţǸԸġ
һһ, ֻ
, Ҫ㣡ңҶҲûȥ, ȥħ򡣡
ǸСһ㲻˵ţӱΪҪȥѰ
ⲻģ
Ӧϵͳٶţգһֱˡ
һἰµʱ򣬾ͱˣǿԼԼװˡ
һ㣬ʵòã
ʵġ̰ؿǸԲˣȻ֪Ǽٵģģô࣬ΪʲôҪȥأ
ʵ뷨ˣֻ
µİΣ˵£ƾʲôصҪϣ
ֻһͨˣûʲô֮ƫƫϣֺεºأ
ЦģҸġ㻹ҪΣҲ˲ŰʲôҲֻһǣɱ𶼿ԡΪβҰĵأ
ˣıҲ
ϵͳƺҲˣôùȥˣеʹ࣬࣬û˵УҲ޷飬ֻԼݡ
ˣǿйر硣¿ʼһֵݣӺܾúܾǰʼֵһ鿪ʼһֱݵа˶̣㲻һԴ㱻ѡгΪƾԺͱжΪߣûеڶλᡣˣҲ޷ڶλᡣǱϵͳҲֻȥһ硣
һֵݣ˶һεĻᣬҶûУĨȥеĺۼ޷޿ܡ
һʧ߽ḳkֻķʽһδɸѡѡ
ǵһлΪһҼ츳Ǳʵһλˡ
ͻȻĬˡ
ϵͳ֪ɶˣץʱ
ѹɡ߳ȥһ̣мµķʲôԣݣпѵظ
岶׽ϵͳе©ûϸ룬ϵͳƺͲˡ
ֻһ۵ְסĵطʶ۵ô

ϵͳɵˣոջúõģôͻȻˣ
ϵͳ⣬˸ǲ
ݵ˴طͻȻܿƵ
һԱߵΪ߲С˵壬ǸϽ˹
ʲôʰߡ
ûʲôҸɵģ
׺ݵؿһۣЩµ˾͵䡣
͵סߣ˵忴ˣڶŭ֮ǰϸµĸһ
ѹŭ⣬˸飬ȷʵͰ޹ء
ͬá˵š
˿ҲǲԼçײСˡ
ڵ֪Լ޹أһǿˡ
ðˣȻң㵨ӹˣôʰ㣡ҪȥˣҲûж
߱͸סˣ嶯Ҳǵ塣
ģҾͲˣСǴҵѣһẦһء
򴽣漴ҾԲ׹ҵĲǡǹ࣬㣬׹дͬһʶ
ߺ˺ߣðɡǻ´ΣɱҲĻ˵Ŷأ
˼֪ˣ˿Ц
ȻЦ֮󣬱һǡ
ʹ࣬Ǻأʡ
ֶĬΪ˻գ˵أ
ȥʩˡˣǵطʩ࣬ȥæ
ҩȵҩ𣿡ţ˵ͷҩȵĲʩ඼ҩֲģѺ˵㣬Ǵ󲹡սߵˣܹѾǺõģ˭ںζΣοⶫ̲壬Ҷϲ
һССִƽˣʶУĻǺϵͳĽҲͣ
ֻϵͳ̼ˡ
֪嵽׷ʲôΪʲôͻȻʹ֮࣬Ҷ˵ֻܶһĬĬĿš
ָֻ״̬ԵؿϢӰ
ǻǵ뿪ټһ𣬡ȻȥˣҪѰӲǡܲĥʱ䡣
Ƭ½ɾĥаǿܻ֣ȴԵķӡ
һգ˺ĺߣзӵǽӵĵȥħ򡣡
üͷ𣬡Ұ˵ķӲţǲҪǡ
ûбİ취̾Ϣĵһô뵽ӵأ
ڷϳԹȱˣгġ
ʹǳˣɳҲмƢ۸ġ
ݶ룬ӵҲҪɵ֡
Ż뵽ӵ
Ǻãȥӵ˲֪ӵǸʲôط˵ɫճΪȥеˡ
ֻǵطֲԺĬ
ӵֻһ֣ͱߵķɮһӵǹѺһȺ׼ˣŷһ䡮سɷ𡯣Ϸӵĵ⣬׷ữΪޡ
ȺˣΪ˶췣׽٣ǿϵɱԭסԺ󣬰ռ޶Ϊӵ
ԳƷӣ޶
ǷģΪһԺ⵽ɢ˵׷漴ֶ㵽˵ϡ
ӵѹҲԭסĵȺ׷ɱһϢĶˣΪǿˣǣˣһȺǡ
£¡˸Լ裬Ȼ͵˵˿ԣǿ϶û⡣
һҹǳû˯š
ͬû˯ŵĻаߡ
ڴϷȥȻ˾͡
ôˣͱ˳˳Сϻë£
ҡҡСͷͣôЩ̫ԾƺⱩꡣ
ͳĬһ£˵ħˣħѪħħսܴӰ졣һܿסԼѾܲˡƽʱһЩ
ԵɣһƲðɡԭˣԺҾʹ󷢴ȱˡ
š˯ɡͱСϻ̣˸С׻ԼĻıš
ȴ˶ҪҪȥӵҰ˵ӲǡСıƤǻϻġ
ǲҡСϻԴ˯ɡһء
İ£ˣҲû˯š
ڶ죬ߺ˶ͬȦˡ
ʿ˯ûʲô˵ģһĵģ״̬Ҳű
˱ˡ
Σ㲻ȥˡҩȰɡǴͬȥɡͿڣ˲ۿ΢졣
ͶԴһЩӤʵǸԺӣ֪뿪ʱҪҪԲԣ
ͷ
ǲ㣬ֻǷҽʦȥʩͺøĩΣҪְæҪԼӳã¡
ѹ˵ͷŴҵ֣ÿһǣҪǡ


117 
屻߲ٿż϶, ʱʱȥ鿴һ¡
߱䣬ħݣƲסԼƢ, ǾЪ˼
, һչ˺ġİɡ߰ڰ֣ƿ
Ҳû˵ʲô, Ĭĸš
ֱһ͵±ϣͲͣ˵ȥǷӵˡ
ôߣȥĻҪˮΣӹȥ˿Щµ˼, ôȥ
ֻǹ˵ȡ
ʲôʣȴûеõ𸴡
ʹԼĴмһСԺҲ֪ʲôʱ׼, СԺļ䷿ʩȫ
͵Ȼ׼סĵط˵һֲ֪
Ц˵ʱˣҲѧŪЩˡ
ԺҲҪһСլӣԺҲڷ¶ޡ
ѡ˸䣬ȻԵ˵ҾҪ, ǿѡɡ, СӸס
װɡ
˻û˵ʲôأĿˡ
ĹĵؿŰߣôˣҾúõúܣ
ͣ, ͬס, 룿
ңһ̰߾þе, ûϵ任㣬ұ껹Сء궼ܺСһ˯ƾʲôҲԣ
ٶˣСӵĴˣʾǲʡз˹
Сô죿
пܴչͻڡ
߲չ˵úã
ʱڣЦҾÿܱȽϺãÿܰɡϾܲˡ
һڣְѰˡ
ûиǳĻᣬǳǿƵĴŰ߻˷䡣
˾ĸסˡ
ϵͳʶпһսһյǷϾɥúܣȴҲ˵ˣֻΧתȦȦϣͨ
գͻȻһֻԶ߷˹
͸Ͻ֪ͨҶԼ˵ǵȵĶˡ
˾һţֻȻͷš
͵˶ԺԺ˸־Ǿٻ
߿ˣƲƲ죬һֻȻҪǵôãˣҷǵñ߱Զء
Ϳһ۰ߣƢɲá
һ˾ı漴ƢٴҲǷ񣬲ķ޶ҹܣٴƢҲҶҷ
ͿһۣǾȴǺܷ˵Ƣˣ˻ƺСࡣ
˸˾ıϣ˼³Ƕ͵£һԾ£Ƿ
ø߰˾ܷ̾ɵĸоá
ɷ羰㲻Ҳܷ𣿡
ԼȻǲһģгͺˡ˺ĽëܷɣһҪؼ䰿裬ɵʹʹ졣
ߣ˾ϲΣҲܷɡ
һ·ƽȣǷӵ
Ǳ˴֪һ·ﶼǲȵģҲôĻҪ˵
߿ȴȴκ壬˫Ŀպϣֻʣ΢ĺһš
ԶԶǰһСڿǵϺƵʱ˵ӵǰˣÿһʱʳҪϵҲֻоһ·ߡ˵ӵѹ
ǵϵЩɮҪǻὫȫɱˣﳹױǵԴ
ڷӵԱߵһʾ޴ĽʯͣȻ㿪ʼ˸ط˯
Ѿ˺ü죬ҪͣϢȻϢʳԱԺٴһЩȥĺǡ
˯ˡ
˻ΪֱӰ͵ȥء
ó˷ֻܿԼˡǲϵģǵĿĵֻ
ңξ룬ǻôԶôȥ˺ĺˮǻҪġ
Ϳʼ󣬡ôȥΪЩɮεִﵺϵģ
ֻǵԭסǣϰɱ֮ǻٻ˵ϵĴ󣬵ÿҪ²󡣶һЩ󷨲ˣǸžһȥֻ
˾͵Ļ˾һĶž
Щ˹
˷޷޲ƽ
һ߲һͬ˵Ǳɮˣ˵һϺоȹǵͷ죬أϺж˵سɷ𡯣˱ǷҲɱɱԼȴҷɱǲɱϺж˵𵶿Լͷ
ļٵģϺΪȰƣȻزЩţҲ̫˰ɣĿȡ
ҡͷ֪żǰͳˡб۵ģİɡ
һԣҿѽ˵˵ǸɱϺУΪ˸ͷһԲűһ¡
˵ȴ˻ӦԼǰͣ˵öԲԣ
Ҳ֪¼ǧ£²ͬ⡣ĿҲ֪٣Ҳмֵ
߸ˣ˵ǾʹϿԼĻġ
󷨺𣿡ʾͣԴΪġ
ͣ԰ꡣ
Ǿǡ˵ļ򣬡궼ȹˣǵȲô죿
Ǿﲻȫɽ¥ĸо
̫࣬Ϊ壬ҶûоΣءļ򣬡ɷɡ
Ҫ֪ȿԶģ嶼ûоΣգ͸ˡ
ȴָ㣬Ŀǰ֪ʲôΣգȷʵмֲס
аߣԭΣȻϸΧһУ˫ۣûа
ԼĶ䣬ˣҳˣ
ط̫Źˡ̾ԴӶɮռԺĳͷ˱仯ǰϵǷǳƵģķΧҲһƬ͡ٿһƬɷ֮
а˰ɣƲš
ߵһۣ˵ͱ˵
ͣͻȻһҵĶˣͷ񶼱ˡ
ʲôˣߵһʱ屧ססԺ¿ţ𣿡
֪Сġ
ͻȥͻȻԱ˯ľͻȻվ˼³Ȼš
ֻһ嵽˺ˮȻһͷ㣬ɿȥԺһ壬ȷʵ뿪
Χž޴ʯתתƺʾҪҪ뿪
ǲߣͳš
Ǿֱų뿪ˡ
ˣ˵ĳΪǻȥΨһ;ˡ
Ȼûˣ·û·¡
˭ҲϣԼһУ·Ǿ
ô죿˿žѾ뿪ԵмֽǴħʱ򣬾񻹻𣿡
ᡣÿһʱ䶼ֻҪȴɡ
˾͵Ļ΢һ㣬Ժ㲻ٿ־ǰ·ˡ
ոյǷʲôʡ
ҲĿž͡
ͿŸոѾŪһ룬ȴΪױٵĴ̾˿Ҳ֪˵ֱǶԵģǿҪд鷳ˡ
һ·ߵ̫ƽˣ˲Ȼһ֮еĻ㱸С
û°ɣΪ˻ųصգԱš
ߺܵأҿȫ̶ڻ
ĻЦЦոˣڷʱ򣬰һ£˵ϣλסˡ
ǰһ£ܻΪԵ
ȻҲ֪ģû˵Ҳûбֳ
ˣٺúϢһ°ɣ󡣡ͿЩҵĶ˵ͻȻסˣҵķʯ·õλãһͼ
Ϳ˿ͼʾΪס
ͬʱʶڵϵͳҲ̲סˡ
һѣаѾ׾ˣǲֹҪýˣ
ʱֻѶԸ뽫һжɱС


118 
屻ϵͳ, ʶ˼ǡ
ôˣ
̫Ĵ̼˼ˡ㲻Ըʵ, Ըѹ
, ΪʲôѲϵͳĻ֪Σڵȴȥ
Ҳ֪Լùӱһ, ˣôҶСһŬǶҪ׷ˣ
֪һģѵʱκ˶ҪԼϵΡ
ϵͳϧѵѵĻ, ǡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôѲ˵Ӧ˰Ǹоĳƣ޷ѡ
ֿʼԺˣ𽥱ÿշ
ϵͳ, Ҫ˯һ㣡
ָֻһ˯ֻӰ񷢴ӡ
ϵͳøһμ飬ȫκ⣬Ӻʲôڻһ
ϵͳһҪȥооڵ崦ʶģ״̬, ܸȨޡ
óȻȥĻ, ܻܿᱻʶнɱʱܾ˵Ľ
ϵͳòУľ͵Ҳˡ
ΪһϮ, ǺʲôƽĶƵġ
ȥˮ¿Ը, ͸Ͻסȥ
ߺɲؿž, εﶼƽаĲ룬Ѿһˡǰ׵ӦԣھԲС
ڰҪɫ֮ǰ͵Ҳ˵㲻ǿǵ̫ˡ
ðɡ߷ˡ
ȥһ󶯵ֱ˵ھϡ
һʱֱˮС
Сģ;ˮȴû˶
뾲໥һۣ󾲺ȡˮ飬ϽˮС
СİſڽʯԵˮζľͣôˣ
ˡ¿һȦҲģˮ׵ĶҲͻȻƽϢˡ
ȥչ˺壬û֮ǰҪ˵͵Ǳˮס
ڰϣţƲֵߡ
ôѰҪˣǾͲܵطˡ
ϵͳתĻЦţҲȥôȥ
屻˽ơ
岻ϻһУͻȻ߬ȭͷݺݵǸУ
ܾ֮ǰʱһУǸеһн˶Ľ׶Ρ
ʱױףһ߶᲼Ͻ磬ֻ׽֮Ա߻
ʱʲôûУֻǸĺ¡
ô죿
ϵͳûݿûӦĴݿṩзֻܼǵòͣشߴ塣
߶ţͬż֪зӲ֪ܲһԡ
ʲô
ΪٽһܺڣڵĽƿܻᱻơ
ڲǻڵΪǽлֶΪҲܴﵽڡ
ֻ취𣿡
ֻ뵽취̾Ϣ
Ҳð죬ҸطٶһͺãֻһܶĿˣΪأ
Ҫȥħô϶²⵽ҶСʵݡ͵Ǹˣ취ҪΪ¸ȥħԻᰲŵġ
𣿡
ɡô֪ܲأʱ̹ȻģǰĲ񣬶ǺͨһƵġ
⸱̬ȣȾϵͳϵͳȻûģĸ飬ΧһУ֪ƽġ
ҵ£ϵͳҲôˡ
ȻѾӦԵİ취ϵͳõָϾȥ׼ˡ
ʵ֪ͨ»ǺܺðģΪݵϰߣ²һҲҪһֻҪݵʱ򣬽ṩͺˡ
һ鷳Ǿʱ̫ԣˮȥȥ˻ûл
ǰ߻Ҫ壬ֱˮȥѰҾˡ
ϵͳûа취ܹð֪£
µʵûа취ˣֻ˶εҪ֪ͨߡ
ΪңʲôطҲ˵ء
ԡ
ϵͳʶ뿪ڽʯϲᡣ
ϵͳûģ˾ⲻ˻˸һ¡
Ե˯ˣθǺģиԤӦܷӦ
Ǿ԰ɡЩȲˣ˲ˮʧ󾲺ˮһȥҲû˶
ߵľ֮ͣļҲû˯
ϵͳһξҪϵһǶôѵһ£ȻҲκλᡣ
ϵͳĿİ£ڻһΡ
Уϵͳð߿ѣҿΪ˺ڣаͬھˡ
ԺãȻ޴ؿƬأƽ޲ͷϾ޴ͣţûз紵ǺҲ˿Ƶģһɽѹͷ
ߵһ³ˡ
ֲ֪˶ãõѾǲڽʯϿ˶ãٶΡ
˺ܳʱҲûеȵ߰Ϊûеȵ
߾ˣǵȵòͷˣֻǲĵʱҲ߶䡣
һθİ
ϵͳûаҵ͸¶ߣ
̲סţϵͳǸش𣬡͸¶ˡ
ϸ˵˵ô͸¶ģ㶼͸¶Щʲô
ܾﲻԾϵͳ˵Ժ˳˼֮У·ЦƵϵͳҪаͬھ
ҸҪаͬھǸĿǰݣǺڵаİ취ǺͬھڣΪٳһЩаʵǿ󣬵ʱڵĶ֣ͬھĿԶûˡ
ϵͳ˼ͬϵͳΪһݵΣϵͳûĵģֻݷ޷ȥС
ǸС̣֪ѻǲȥսľٶģԸԼϡ
ϵͳýȫ߰ߣѾʧȥ飬ЩȫΪһС̣һ˵ܶѣȴλʧٵͬ飬ʵֻڿŰˡ
ΪӱʵԸ˯ҲԼķҡ
ϵͳ˵ƵصͷһԲĿŽŵĲݵء
ʶ屾һ
˿ؼҲóż
û֪㾡ˡϵͳǰϵͳԴȻˣܲܰҴĶȡʶ
ϵͳ̧ͷ̫Ŀ塣
ЦȻ޷жǾ֮ɡպڱʶܱʶĳʱ𣿡
ܣֻҪǵƣʶһֱѡ
ǸÿһӳԼʶʱͻᱻ뵽֮С
ϵͳΪû֮ǰҲٺȰҪ뿪
Ǿͺáһ԰ɡЦ
δùӣ
ұһʼ޾֮·˿֣뵽ĻΨһôǰأ
壬۵˺εȾأʶ׼ȷԼҪʲôԼҪʲô
ᳯԼķȥ뷨ô쿪ô췽ҹ̷
ԺϵͳͽеĶʶ
ҵ˷ʦǷԯΪѰķӡ
֮ǰҲһʱ䣬ֻʱ̫̣֪ЧΡ
ĿǰͷϽõϵĶˡ
ٴο֮Ѳ٣һꡣ
ʽͨǲһģҪҪ֮
⣬ܹʱ޿̲壬ûĲʱҲǻΪ岻ͣȴųΪܿͱˡ
֮ǰۣ´˿˺ûҲֱӴȡ
ȻΪϲķ֣˺Ȼûһ͵̫ͼڲͣĶԿתһתڹļ
峢Լʱ֮ȡһ㡣
ɹˣ
Ŀǰǳɹˣܹȡ֮ڼⱾȫġ
̫ˣ


119 
оԼ귢һЩ仯, ƺһЩ֪ȻԣȷʵоһЩ˺Ĵڡ
Ա߶߶İ, Χƽ÷ڵĺˮ
ʲôʱѹʵѹҲû¡һ˵һ߰յͷ, ë޶˶ѹɡҲ֪ôˡ
ߺ, 鷢չѾĿƷΧˡ
ھ뿪Ժǲ֪òˡ
ֻߵѹˣҲ뺣ȥҾǼһ
û˵, Ծ͵ĵǡ
ֻͬոһոù
ҪҪϢһ
ϵͳÿһζԼڵܹܵļ޳̶ȣȻһϢ, ÿһûĵϵͳŶܡ
ʱˡһһչԼĻޣֱܹܵıԵſͣ¡
ŰķӣֻаڶԸԼ¯ʱŻʹã˿ƶԷĸܣһһεĽ˱ƵޣԴﵽĿġ
Űĵõ˻ر, ֻаǱ߿ܳ˵ʲô, µkĽƷɶ
֮ĹУͻȻԼܹƿˡ
ԱţͻȻһ޴ϱŷ
һʱֱӱϮ, ȥʱ, ͵ر仯Ӧԡ
˫ۺ󣬱㿴ѹ, ·һƬضͷϵƸʱ
¿ţֺһֻڵľ޴ϻ
߷ûΣԺ侲Ȼ̧Դ۾
㷢ʲô谡֪֪һͻȻͣסɴ۾壬Сӣ˰
ͷ漴Щ
ˮת˸ȦȦ̫ˣˣ̫ˡ
ʶҪʲô׼°ߣ͵һ뺣ס
ҪȥҳȾ˾ͻ޽ɡǰǷӵӵħǧȥ
뺣ԺģºҰߵʱ򣬰ʧӰˡ
ߣ彫Ӻ﷢ȥȴòκλӦ
ʪôӺԺʰɾ
ϵͳҽֱȥӵ𣿡
ҪҪõɫʯħǱȥġھȥ
ҡþǰŪĴͻȻϵͳ
ϵͳһ
Щ£ڻܸ㡣
ˡ㲻˵ұ㲻ˡȷʵҪȥһħȥҶСꡣ徭һЩҲˡ
ڴеͷ¡
Ž£ܶԿаħǷȥɵġ
󷨳ɹˣ󷨽˷ӵ
ڵİ𣿡
һ·϶Ʋ֣ȻһֱţôһЩ΢
ͻȻЦܲǣΪҲȴֻһǰߡ
֪ͬȥ˵ʱ䶼ûС
ϵͳõһݷӵĵͼϸţȻϵͳ˵ʱǲӵͻҴӵıԵƹȥ
ϵͳȻֵ֧ģ֧һо
Ͼίε壬ȻһУʼնǸϵͳ
ϵԺͷƬͻȻֺˮīۿɼһжǷڵġ
֪ǺˮıɫͷƵӰ졣
һжǳصģӹĺмֳ
վڵϷȥһСϴȮƵĹʯ·ǰͻ޴޵ĿС
ǵϵĻþ㹻һƵˡ
ͬ£ȻʱĿ־岻Ǽ򵥵ֿɢġ
ԼȣЩȷ
һаźˮζ˹ͷǺīĺûκα仯紵Щˤƽʲôû
ûвûкˣûзǱһīɫˮ
廹ûΪʲôֹᷢ£ͻȻһ󶯵ʯŵ˼顣
ǲٱܿ˸΢տЩĵطͣ
ʲôطϵͳ
ȻشȴһŮ˵
Ļֳа޵ĳʥأ˺ķӵ
͵ػͷֻǿǸŮ˵˲䣬޴ĶٴϮ²ڵء
Ůȴվúȣ˿ûбЩӰ졣
忴ϤмİܸܵĸоΪǴδ׽
Ů˻ǰ׼վǶ纣һһյĸɴֱڵϡ
Ůǰھ޴ĶУǺ޲Ա漴ħһ磬ĶǾĶǣҲ˲ֺ
ǱһȫƵģܲľֲ̿ĸоˡ
ǡһ²⣬ƶΪηǰŮˡ
ֱӣ˻
ʲôŮЦ
ȻܸоԼûжģֻԷѹ޷ƽȵֱ
һ£ħڤҹ
͵һ£
ֿܣȻҲһ֣Ǵƶ
ħˣҡ忪ڵ˲䣬Ů˵Ц
ͻȻܲѹˣŤͷȥŮ˱Ϥģ
Ѱ꼣ܲѹҲһЩսȥ˿
ҶѰЦҡڲˣ
㣬ôкüװȷʵˣӴ˵һˡ
ҶѰʧЦֱһģĿ·ı仯
ҶӣҲ׽ģ
ޡ
ֻһǵĺÿҪʧǿŵǡ
ҶС㣿循ϲؽһ
Ҷ۾˲ģɵ̿šңȥѰ㡣ˡ
򴽣ȥħ壬Ҫħ𡣡
ҶͻȻյǰԵͷοĴ
̫ûˣ岻ɵý
ҶͻȻЦҶңҪʲô
̧Ҷ˫ۣҶ۾пԼӰЦ˭˵Ҳˣ
Ҷģֻżˣ
Լں꣬ĶȤζʱҲһһεѹȥ
ҶûЦ岻ֱħҲûм
šҶЦָ̧ţң
˼ҹ롣Щߣ䲻֪ǱҶģԼΪɬʼ졣
֮ҶУЩȵġ
߰ɡҶͻȻ֣վ
һ£ŷĶѾƽϢˡ
ȥģվħǰηģҶѰǰм־нģΨҶǰ㹻ķɡ
һҶ֪ǣԼ֣Լߡ
ֱһʱ䣬İ޷Խˡ
ҶָָУ˸ʮָۣ룬һƫͷʢЦ۾
ȥӵļ̳ٷӵƬһ
ĴҶ˵Ժ˵ͷ΢ɲꡣ
һģںԺǻкܴı仯
ܸܵԷѹԼ꣬ںŬĺ
ӣһʱ֮Էֱ棬ֻԼʱЩ߰뷨˵İߡ


120 
ôһ, £
ǰҶͻȻͣ£ͷ壬ʵ, ʲôɻδ⣿
ҡҡͷ, ûС
, ֻǲϸҡҶЦٴ֣ʾǣַϺ, Ҷס漴Լ˹ߵβ׼ɿˡ
忴źϤҶ, ȴܵһɲҶѹȻҲеܣ屾ܵһЩʡ
еҶС㲢ˡ
úÿ·Ҷһ
л
ԣҶһ£Ҳû˵ʲô, ֻǼǣǰߡ
߹һƬʯĵط, Ǹ־޴ľǰЩʮ˺ϰ޷Χ£Ĵ׳ƶ, ·Ƭ֧Ƶġ
ҶǷ׼, ֱӽ˻üٶȴƬɭ֡
ȹԺ, 㱵ػͷţŷʲôɭ֣һڼ̳ʯ֧š
ʯżںͼƣǶűʮֵĹŹ֡
ʲô
ԵҶ͵ǷӵЩɮסԭסǵļ롣ܻܿᱻЩʧȥ־¡Ϊһ֣ΪЩػƬǸ֪ѾˣǵĹ磬һ˵Ķѡ
𾪣жꡣ
Щɮ
˵ƣ˵ʱȷʵ¹ͷġЩ˶ˣҲҪǵĻǣƬأΪɮļ硣
Ҷûʲôֻ˵ЩڿյݣЩ̵ĻҲѧҶڸԻˡ
ħɮΣΣǶޣ֮ɱˡ
ħθأҲΪ޵޷޲ƽֻڿοѡ
ģҶЩϸ΢ı仯վ΢ɲ̾˿
սΪ񣬸߸ϵ
ڷ㶵ʱͻȻҶ˵ʲô˼ڹ
˵ҳƬຣҶ
ҶЦҡҡͷպ֪ˡ
ɺţ֪ҶΪ˵Ҳ仰ʲô˼
ƺŪ飬ʱ䶼һ𰸣ȵպнˡ
Ҷǰߣ߹һƬضҰ޺еĵطҰ޵˻𣬵ȴҰںδ
ؿţҶסĶ䣬ʾǰߣҪ
ִǸط廹ͷʱ򣬱Ҷסˡ
ʱˣȸ·ҶʼշС
ϣҶΪʲôգ
Ϊ˵߹ĵطڷӵһƬաһ߳Զɲġ
ָɽһš
Ҷˣ֪˵ŲݣҲûжʣС
ԶԶĿһⱦؾ޴󹬵
ԺſǷͷķ⣬֪ĻΪĵ硣
ۿɼѱ棬ҪѧȥҶš
ϸϸظжѪζ˫ۣһ㡣
ҲȷʵŵòᣬۺӶǶڿ޺Уʲôȴ󱯵磬һ
аµļ̳϶ûиܵŨѪﴦɱ¾
Ϣ񡣡Ҷһ
ԹȻͿⱦķ˿µӣΧķŭҰޣǰĹڻްĿռϲƷڷϣƬء
˵ﲻǾ֣һֺҲ޷ϢС
ͱϢΧţֱҶܹϢΪϢҶ߿š
ҶƲĿŶ켷ˣûסЦﲻ
Щͳʮֵĵ䡣
Ҷߡ
һҶпԼӰҶĹƻȻҶʲôҲû˵ȴԼҶ˼
չȥҶǳǳһǣൽСƵġ
Ҷ˵ĵʲôζЩЦˣ壬ʵʵȥФõѲһҪ½ӹط
˺ֻǽ֮ŷַűǾ޴ųһĸоȻϢıˡ
Щˣ
šͷӦţֻЩ벻Ϊʲô
ҶЦΪħϢϢҲǶ̶̼ģҵħϢϹħ崫жСȽϵġ
ЩħϢٸһ˵ˮĸо
ĿҶҶһֱֻͣΪԵһЩ
ҶͬЦ㲢Ұޣһǧһְ취ħϢɸ㡣ֻҸϲַʽأ
΢죬ְӣҲҶСһģһˡ
߰ɡȥģЩջءҶεģԺ¿˿ɫɡ
ǵʲôط֪ﴦǶ˶Сġ
Ҷ˵˿־壬һжԻţҶסˡ
ڵʱ򣬶ҲҪγ
ûɿҶֻ֣Ǵ֮ǰҶǣǰ߱ǣҶ²鿴š
ôûˣʡ
Ҷû˵ʾԼȥҴ𰸡
¶ҶɿҶ֣׼ȥҴ𰸣Ҷץˡ
û˵Ҫң뿪Ҷٴס֣øˡ
ͻȻЦмˡ
ҶʧЦ˵ǱǰɡҲҪץסġ
˴ŵС°ˣûںǣҶǰߡ
ڷǰһС߶һЩã׶ϣһ˫ε۾ںӡ
ŵ˰벽Ȼ˿ǣҶŽ˴ãɭɭù˺ˮУͨһƬԵøͻأ
ոѹȥĽŻָ̿Уһ˳ź󼹱ð˳
еһɾ㤸øңһ˰ҹεվ˸İڶƵġ
ִج뵽ʵʵӿֲĸоһϮѹֵ޷
͵תҶȥ
ң
ŵ߶ˡ
ҶħϢɸڴڴϢţǺࡣ
㡭ԼŵΪ򴽾һᣬҶţͲһζһħϢ𣿡
ޡ̫ܲħϢвĸҶڳ޹ʾǹġ
Ҳ޷ˣֻܼħϢãȥ̽顣
һħϢҪĵ̫죬һþ˼ȥѯۿɼһ˿
ͻȻĶ԰Ĵһ֣岻֪ﴫģֱͦţ԰һƬʲôҲ塣
ʲôҶһͷȴͻȻԼǣŵĲҶһá
ܾҪ˦ʱǿͻȻһ¡
ݸĳʱȥ̽ʱҲ˻þþԼ־Ķ
ãԿıҲá
ǻþۣԺġϤҶٴۺòˡ
ħڤҹ
㡪忴Ժһܾ
Ҷһۣ漴㶣̶Цö˶˵ģô۴ˣ


121 
ҶĻ, ֪Լʲô״̬
Ȼۣʦͨİ۸ˡ
⣬Ҫôϣ岻һֱ, ۿԺһЩαװ޴, ȷʵܺãﶼԭʱ, һֲֿЧӦˡ
ôģڤҹҲмֺ棬ĸ츳ȻϼѣȻײĿۡ
ţҸոտһ, ʶǻþ뿴ӡŬȥ㵽׳ʲôȻһ۾ˡ
ħ𡣡ڤҹڣмΡ
岻, ؿħħϢûɢԲûгʱôηħ
ڤҹţҵΪѾӽҶܿ͸γۣ
ô򵥣ۿ̫ˣ˶, ֶӵ۵ˣ
ڤҹ̧, 忴ϵһĺߣڤҹЦڣͼƵһ˲ˡ, ֿˡ
м, ƿҪתƣʱŷָոտĺҲǺ, һʬɽѪϵôĸš
ƺҪִǷͱҪ߹ȥ
ʵģһЩò⣬֪ôźá
߰ɡڤҹ̾˿̤š
вڤҹߵϣ¿
ͻȻµʬУһССС
ԭסĻֻʣһСˡţЩʬǾΪػһ仨ػƬǽһɫܵٷӵϵһЩʬǲð
ˣĵ΢һ㡣
ٿǶ仨ʱӿһǿҵĸоһҪƬǦص飬Ĺٴս
߹ʬɽѪ˷ǰ档
һͨʯ̳ĵ·Ƴĵ·ͷƲĵʯݡ
·ҪԼߡڤҹͻȻɿ֣Цһ㡣
лһ˲˵Լû飬ܻᱻĿ־ѹô
ڤҹЦ⣬Ľ
֪Ƕһ˵Ȼǰ˲ȥһֱԼ
пɿĺܣһ˵Ĺ¾սȫָͬܡ
岻η壬һ˴ĵײηǰκΣʱٴҲɲӡ
ὣᶨʯ̾͵·
һһÿǰһϸܵѹҪһ֣Ҳߵúȡ
һǰߣĽĸйٱ޵ԶХķú
߲ܿǿտĵϾɫǱһĵطͿǷ͵ĳȡ
ȵϹӰеһͷĿѣ
֪Լֱߵʯ·ǲ֪Ϊʲôۿȥ˾޴Թ֮УⳤҲİ
һƿգһʱ
ͻȻϮ񵲵㹻죬ٴվԺȴûпˡ
ֻǣվͻȻԼվڿտһƬУͷƲ㣬ŵȴûзˡ
һֱǰߡ
ãȻʱϵĺ߲ţĶߴϤ
ǰ·޷ʱͻȻָЩ˳
µδ֪ǰ·λãʱָ·ˣĪˡ
˵ģٴὣǰߡ
Ҳ֪Լ˶ãõܲ߿ֲһˣʱܸоֺıˣƺһֱӿ޳
岻ߵôС
һֱǰܣֱͻȻһ£ˤڽϡ
ŷǳʯ·ߵͷˣ˲ϻϲֱʯݣ̵ǸƵķ
һǿԴȥһ˳¥
ƲϣҪֻȴϵĵһ㡣
ߵú˳ģŽżһԾʱǶ鲽ƵĿٵһ¥ݡ
ֱߴɮо
ӷ𣡡
忴˵һͶͻȻϡ
Ǹ˾壬屻֪Ƕ˫۾ţƤһð˳
ĿͰ΢΢ŴȱЦ⡣
ֻλϵһݹᾣȧͻϸͦģ۾ƤǵĿƤƵϡ
忴һ˫ȣȾȻСȻҪϸҪֺ̣岻һĹУܴ̼񾭡
ߺˡ
΢˶Ȼȿš
ĶǳĺˣƴҪٿ磬ȴһ׳Ųŭ⡣
ֹΥ͸У룬Ȼסˡ
ͷ˿ϵĺߣźһͷˣĽƽ
ħվǰҲСˣкξ壿
ߺˣһʡ
岻֪ԲϻˣĿֻһǾǵһƬǬ
еĿܵս⣬žĿзлص
Ŀз˳ȥֻɽ꣬ƿմǸϵˡ
ֻǰЩ֮һѽϣԷ˹ȥ
ӣĵطͻȻƿһӣѪ֮һɫĶߡ
Ƥӳ˳飬һϤĸоԺð˳
а񣡡һʱǶ롣
а˵˴˵kǸаˣǰˣ
дţֱ¶壬֪аǿҲ֪Լڻ޷ԸаֻܱСĽӦԡ
޷뿪˵壬ϱ䳤ֱ
Ĵţý̹⧲ı߸ͻϮΡ
ڵأоĹͷƵģڵϴͣǶһι˹
巭ڵϱܿһ漴վ
ó˷ӡ޺ڶǰ
ϵͳ˵ҩԼ˲ȥϵͳ̳ˣֻϵͳæ
鵤ҩϵͳϡ
оڱ˿иڲϵǿƷӡǻټǧĿÿһҪġ
ȿȡ巢ߵһԺǲηġ
룬ɱˣôδ͵аǲǾͻֱӱɱ
룬ɱˣ㲻ΪҶС㱨ˣ
ԽսԽ¡
ĽԽԽһһαĵϵͳһνһθιҩ
ߵԴԺѪ̫һЩˤڵء
ɱһߡԴϢ
һβԺٴγ̩ɽ˹ȥ
ȴİڵ˻ǶǱȾķ⡣
޺æһ£Ųˤ
ĺ̫࣬ÿһĪ⡣ϵͳ˵ţһĵƣҲܺˡ
岻֪˵ǳ֪ԼмＸȥֻԼ
Щ޺ܸ˵צ˲٣ջһЩֵȥõ˴оࡣ
ĵβʺֱӴ󿪴ϵĴ򶷣ʺϲ
忴ϵͳĵͼͻȻЦһ£ˣһʼǸʦôŴžͷսʿأ
һóӡηų˸޺Щ޺·ټĵ̤Ѱλ
ֵľǽˣǹ󣬴ֱӰˬˡ
ϲڸеļҵףΪľǲֹһǰδеĽ


122 
ڷйһ㽫е󷨶˺к
Զһ, ΪĴžʥˮ뿪ҶС㣬ֻ
֪·һ
ԼвҪа, Ǵ˳, аܵаkͻһ, ˣ˾޴ʹʱǺѿԼġ
ľڴ˿̷йѹõĲߺ޺ʹ඼й
ˡ
ϵƸ߸ϵ׽ٶȻ˼а, ϣͷ˿ϵаԾˡ
Ƭر˺һӣ忴ɢ
, ʯ·ľͷϤˣɫȻ䣬۵ȴЦ⡣
Ҫɱȴ־һơ
ҶЦޣҪɽˡ
һ㶣ȫûԼոһսΪ˶Ϊ, Ͼ˼̫, ѾȲ
֮ǰ׺޲ֱ̬ȣһεСˣż, опɡ
ҪŽ忹һ׽, ţҲȥԵġ
ͻȻ׽Ϊϴ, ϵĽһεõ˴о϶˲١
ޣСˡ
ҶͻȻѣŷһ׽С
һ׿ܲǸĸˣСԴԼõķҪǮƵĶȥ
׽£Щֻǿס׽١
Ҫһ׽ˡ
׽ٹꡣ
£оµģﲻٳѹ֣һжôã֪ʱֵĲʺ磬ڿʢĻƮȥ
ˮīҲº󣬽ȥīɫͬڵһտ
ޣˡҶߡ
ڵ˺ڣΪһأܹܺõĿסԼСĴ򿪵ˡ
ס֣ĻϲǲԶģһждϵЦֻ룬ϿһЩ¸Ҷ
а񣿡Ҷţ˼Ƭ̺ھ忴а̾ھʯϣʱ㻳ɹk޷ɼаҲһ񡣡
ɱǸˣаǲܵõˣ岢ȷֻҶ֤
ҶҡͷаǱģаǻġһ˱ķ룬аͻͽȡڵаѾܿͽˡɼǸ˶ԵkӰ첢󡣡
嵹Ҳû̫ʧϾһаܲı׸ˡ
ȻǻǿЩ뿪ɡҪȥҾ͵߻ʦ֣ȻһɡҶ֣Ҫһͬǰ
ȻҪһġҶһβԹۣΪ̽У׸ΣգһӦ
뺣
ڲŷ߸˸ħĺôж٣ºñˮˣҶѾ㹻ںԶˮſ
ȫҪˮİҲͲøһֱˮƵĲˡ
ܸܵ𣿡Ҷ
Ҷ۷ųԼʶǿʶ޹˼ɵںĴѲһһ

ҶߣҶ׳˶ᣬԺ˽б㱻ˡ
ٴʱԼѾһط
Щ۲ҶĴᣬǶ̫ˡ
ֻҪһϢһƬˡ
ϲҶ
ʶͷ
ϾͶһᣬҶЦˡ
⣬ⲻʡϽƴţȴǺҪһǹطѾҶѰ꼵౦ˡ
ޣһ壬ҵıġβˣ
忴ħҶǸףҶ˵ŻգǸƵġ
ңҡ
ҵģ°ɡҵıǰ޵ġҶЦŽĴϵ䡣
Цģã
޲ô֪ܲã
⻰СĵسţͻȻһǬ磬Ҳƽʱ˵Ľӿռ䡣
ҴģıˡҪľȥˡ
Ҵҿһ£ȥǼɽûпͷµ̲ݲͨҰݣҩֲ洦ɼĻһóȥҲǺˡ
ѾýɽɽĽɽɽֵҪ߹Щ
ŵ˵״½ԴΪʮݡҵħµɣ繲֮
ƤоƮƮĴùֳˡ
˲ܣٲӦ˵ز
ħԣϹħѪ޷ļҵ׵ж١
ôĸΪѡһ벻ɣδԽ֮ãûɡ
ͻȻȣϵͳ˵˵
Ҷǣ֣߰ɡӦһЩ鷳ˡ
⻰սɬгļٵĸҶ
һƬ£һȺ壬Ҷһмĵط
ǵִﲻһͻȻһЩ׵ĹΧסˡ
ΪҶߣ弴ǿ͸ЩҲûкܺ¡
ҶЩ߶ֻüι״ӶǣûйҲû
ǵϷġιԶԺſ˵
ҶЦɡ
廹ûü˵ʲôͻȻһСҩ裬⧲ȥԼ͸ˡ
֮áǽȥ㡣Ҷûҩ裬ֱӿƬأı˶֪
ֶǰҲģʱҶѰ꼴ȥ֡
ȥԺҶҪҪֿж
ȻΪΪιҩ裿
ΪֿжԶҶҲй˼ʱԲҩ÷һЩ
͵͵Цţȥߡ
šһʱϡҶ˵꣬ƼͷԺŷ뿪
ִһƬѲӷΧ忴һƺСĵطȻڻ˴ڵĺۼ
ϵͳʲôط
ͼûбʶ
񣺲ѯƬɽ10W
еȣεĻ־ȻôߣطҪˡ
ĿǰڵƬ򣬺׷ֲһЩʯһĶˮײ˽⣬Բ֪Щʲôʹɵġ
鿴һЩʯ飬ĪֱȻЩûߣûкܴһֲڸĵطڱɽһ㣬ڿ̽ҲǱɽһǰˡ
ΧЩʯ鿴˿ͻȻסˣó֮ǰϵͳڿм̳ϸĵͼͼ̳ͼƲá
彫ЩݰڳǰЩʯΪԱȡ
ЩҲ󷨣ϵͳϵͳȴûи𸴣˹Ƶģֻһ御
ҪһЩϣܿøϸͻȻһĵ̹ʯɢ˳
ûʲôõ·ǺԥؾΪȫĵطƶš
ǲ㹻΢ɲĶʱУٵصִ
һЩʯ鷢һ֡๾࡯ʯŵĵطðһЩݣźԶľ뿴Ǹط
ۣ
ϵͳѵ̫ˣ̹ͻȻŷʱоǰһĿɺ죬ֻܿһƬɫˡ
һƬ죬鼷һĺɫѩƵģж·˺ɫˡ
ҵ۾ôˣŬգգۣ۾۲ֻܿһƬˡ


123 
Ҷҵʱ, һ̲ڵϣֻ۾ͨ죬ŬĿ, ͽ͡
ޡҶƶȥ, ôˣ
۾, ˡĵЩ£˭ͻȻϹҲ־岻ģ֪Լ̱˺ܾãϵĹͷƵ, һʹˡ
ΪֱҶˡ
Ҷչȥ˿˫ĿɢŹĹ⣬ܹƻ˵Ƶġ
Ҷħ˫Ŀס, űǹɹԼӰ졣
ԾⶫȻܶҡҵ־򵥡ҶԴޣΪȷʵ컨壬ܺⶫȻǷ
ҵ͵𣿡
˽еһ˳Ҷ䡣
Ҷ, ס, ûҵ𼱡壬һħ´ָ, ˡ
ħǧƬչ̺ʽѰ, ҵһЩġ
᲻ѾˣоԼڱƶЦ, ǰұа˽ƣ걻ﲻܶĪʧȥĿӡү컯Ūˡ
Թ죬Ҳˡkȥء
ҿ𣿡ܵͳͳ˿̵
ҶЦ𣬡һ˿϶ԣǻкܶ˺һǹ¾ս
ǼΣգҲ㡣ǺһںŬ硣ǻźԼΪʲôʵǿһЩǻں޵Ϊʲôٿ̿һЩǻͬΪʲôûлסǣ
ͻȻħħҲ𣿡
ħ֮ڣȻҲˡ
ЩȻЦˣֻҪҵΪڣұлаһվ
ҶĬá
оҶѾ뿪˺ʱҶͻȻڣٴȥ㲻ˡȥħɡ
á岻ȥ˼̫࣬ҶԱߵʱöӣǸһʵڴܵ˼·ġ
Ҷȥħ
ħڣҴҵӭ
ˣķˡ
Ҷһۣǵš
ǡ
ùһˡҶԽ
վĬĬһ֪뵽Щʲô뿪ħȥѵҵ˹
㣬ȥ
ո˵꣬㶪ͷϵ׼뿪סˡ
ʲôŹܾѾͷÿʲô⡣
˵Ӵ˸˻
ˣޣ
֪ˡ
ϰΪӾ˻ʲôϡġ
һԱġ
Ŷһ죬ȻӦԺɴ۾ʲô
ӱġǸŮˡ
ѵⲽ̽ʣ֪ʲôˣ
֪õ㣿һۣ㲻֪
㲻׽Ļ㶼֪֪ȥ
ˣȥϽȥɡӵ£ҵһĲ㡣
ҪܣһҪҳ͹ȥˡ
˲Ƶħ֮⣬ĻԹ˵Ըˣ˵˿ֱӽȥ
ſ첽߽ȥ
ħ֮һ󣬹ħµϢѡŵеһһϢ㵽ħ޹⡣
ˣ󻤷ǰ
ҶոսŵڴϣüͷԽ
⴫Ҷһ£漴ǧħ壬½ҩϵҩļ롣
ӹڴͶҩչ˿ÿһϵµϡ֮
ˣڤĵȡһԴһͺѵõˡ
ڤħ岢޸ϵħ壬ڤ䱦
첻ˣ
ˣȷʵЩѶȡ
ҩùȥɡ
˸飬ˣҲǲܰ졣ҪһЭ
׼
˿ȥڤԣʵڲǾʹѹҲҪ
뿪Ժٴž
ֱ󣬹һιˡ
ˣ
һûеõظͻȻӴˣ
š
һӦ
ôҲӦˣٴ˿ˣ
£
ʹˣķ֧֧ᣬ϶ֱԡһҪǰˡڴڻλڵ
ñ⣬öһˡ
Ͻ¡
ڣȴħٻλ˵һ˲䣬˹
ô˵
öǰȥ
˿ҲŷһЩʣʲô£ֵտȣʲô£Ǳ֪ģ
¹شû´֮ǰ˭ȥǻʱҲܸ㡣
ʵЩ²⣬µǸ̫ˣҲ˵֤ѡտڲ̸
ķ֮ΨһŮʵǿģħϵģҲܹԼħԿƵñȽϺõһλ
ˣ
ᣬħس⣿
ǡˣǰֻʱ򡭡
ҶͻȻϣΣ
ʥȪͻȻħٿݽߡ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ȥһ˾壬鿴һ¾ʥȪͬ⣬ҡǾʥȪû⣬ȡʥȪȪʯħȪɡ
þʥȪĿԸ󣬲ǲǳ⣬Ҫȥһˣ֤Ժܻ
ħ𣬻һ£Ҫ㱨
Ҷûпֹ˵
Щħ¹죬»айء
ޣΪħ˺ױаաùȥһˣкаǣħޣһɱ
ǡµ뿪
ħԺħȪҲʲôˡ
ڶõµָͣˡ
ɱ£ˡ
ڶὫħİŸλԺǾһͬͶǰ塣
˼δͬһȥаٲڰжħ֣ħ֮ҲҪħ򡣡
ܲԼȥɣ
ħĳˡ
λȰ£ǰ壬Ϊ¹شֻĸ
Ҷʶ鲼ħ֪ħһж³֮ħ֪
Ϊħ֪ħһУΪĿڶ࣬ʵֻҪħϢĵطħܹƿصĵط
ҪԸаҲð죬ħħͷųȥ˶ܹƿصħа㲻ӵͽ
취ǲȡģ̫
취ԸаҲǽа񻻳һ㹻µװˡ
Ҷƾ֮ʱҲںϵͳͨ
ϵͳ壬Ҷ󻤷ȥҩЩҩܹΪҩ
㽫ҵΪڣ
ֱܽڵĺҩ
ҪӦǳѰɡ
֮ѾħĿռˣʣµ֮һҪѾȥҡħԷ󻤷ȥңӦúܿҵ
״̬ҩԺ۾ܺ𣿡
۾ϵͳ޷ţϵͳҲ֪սʱ򣬱ϵͳԳ䵱۾һͶӰķʽͬ͸
Ȼ
ޡ
ոսϵͳĶԻ׼ϢһͻȻҶ
ŻӦ
ڡ
ͺãҲ鿴Ļйĺۼ
û֮ǰа˽ƣѲġ
ȥɡ۾ͬа˽ƣֻܲĻ㹻ǿ󣬱ӡаܹƵֻ˵kꡣŶԿk
ħûģħֻħϢһ𣬿ۿɼ˵Ĵڰˡ
ħҲûУʶаħ֡
һͬ࣬ȴøͬĸо


124 
廹ǿһ, ĵطһƬɺ졣
ɴҶ׼һ֣׼ڿʼ׼ϵͳΪṩʵʱһ, Ҳϰߡ
ҶЩ, £Ҳϸİˡ
ÿն, ΪҶѰ꼸ܹԸа彫Ǳо
ҶһЩĹ۲˼죬ϰĹʺ, Ϊҹ±ҶѰʱˡ
רʱҶҲûţħǰѲ˵䡣
ȥɱܺаǣħޣʱ, ͻȻħˡ
ôˣ˸ħʡ
ǸħҩļҴҵҪ뿪סԺǸħ˵ҪЩҪõĶСŵ㣬Ūˡ
ԭһ˭ħƵ, ˵ħŪ, С
¿һȦЩҪʲô
֪û˵ҲˡħŹ, Ϊʻ, ѵٴΣôԣ
Ƣ, ҪɱħʱħҩƵǰСĻҪȥҩֲһ
ŭ𱻶ƣħоˡ
˷ˡţ漴ܿЩҵ˱ҩֲĴ󣬴ȥԺ󣬵õ˻ظŸҽ봫
һϢ˵
ĶӶ࣬ң½ŵĵطûˡ
кټħ𣬴˿ֱ޵ģħȫޣ޻ҪƮƮء

ΣҶѰɵشЩҩֲš
ϹϾػصˡ±ϴɱһǧŹһ׼򣬽пħͳͳɱ
šҶѰͷ±ҪٶȽҲ˲ùûдɱԩɱ
㱨ԺΪħû´µָҲ֪ԼǸüĬĬ˿
ԥһ£ĬĬվ׼ߵʱ
ҶѰ꼽סαװޣЩҩѺ͵¥¥¥ʱߵġ
ֹţ޽ߣǲʲôİ
ţҶѰۿȥ
ŵô˸£ȥ죡
Զţеҩɷȥȥһ˺Ľˡ
֪ǰЩħħȥ˺ˡ
Щﻹûн°ѵҩ°ȥ
šҶѰͷȥɡ
뿪ԺҶѰ꼸о徻࣬Ҳˡ
ǰһ¯ҩԺ󣬽ҩװƿһн˼򵥵ʰһ£漴ȥԱߵ޹
ҶѰƿ޹ţȥתŹϡ
ϴ۾ϱҶѰһ֪ʲôʵĲϵϣס˫ۡ
ɻ˳ҶѰ
ͷҩܹãָһЩܹ߶ˡ
ǾͺáҶѰԱ¡
Ŀ˹ȥЦ˵ҩζոմӵ𣿡
ûû뵽۾ˣǱøˡ
ЦЦ
ҶѰֵſûʲôζ
ԿȥսһЩԺţǡ㣿
¶ˣӾơҪȵ𣿡
ˡҡͷͲϲȾƣοֲá
ֻҶѰ꼺ϲȾƣǾƲ
㣬Ϊ㰮ƣ
ҶѰӿϣ̾˿һ̾Ķž
ʱ١ҶѰ꼻ڡ
ú档
˵ħ壬һħ壬෴已̥ڷ˽硣ʮķˣҲΪҶһס
ţĿٶȡȥĬĬճȭ
ʣأ
Ҽҵ䣬±㲻ȢฮǧֲңΪ檡
أȴֱסˡ
ɵԼҶѰ꼽ȭ⿪ıָѹӡ
巽ŻգᱻҶѰ꼺˺壬ջûѹȥ
أ
ҶѰ꼵֪
š
һ¡
üƫͷҶѰһǡ
ǣħĹܣССݿɲ
ǴȤֵһᣬʪĴ
𣿡
ǿǿɡҶѰЦ
˵Ȼأ
ȻһСҼǰҰΣؼˡ
ʲôҲˣǲܿƵصɴ˫ۡ
ɱˣ
ţɱˡҶѰ˵úɣȴþĶǡ
ǿڷ˽硣
ٸˣұ̳ǰ˸һ̳ơ˸˵˰ɡ˾Ͳ£ͲۡԺұ㰮ھơ
ĵţսҶѰ꼵֡
ȻҶѰͻȻЦ˰
üͷƭҵģ
ӦǷˬʵЦݡ
һΪԼ
ö˶˵ƭʲô÷Ϊǰ׷ˡ
ҶѰʧЦƭˡʵ㡣
˵ƭңұ㣬㲻ˡ
áҶѰ꼵һƣݵ崽ߣ㳢һ㡣
һСڣȻ󡮿ҶѰ꼣ţôˣ
ú𣿡
úȰ
šҶѰ꼱û˺㶣һŷӦȻΪúúȣ
Ȼħϲ˭ܹܵңúȣҺαҹǣ
գۣȻܲ԰ףϸͦġ
ϲȾͺȣ򵥵°
ðɡЩܣܾԼҶѰϷˣˡ
ҶѰߣžƱƷҲŷæ͵İˡ
ֻʵĺʱⲢ࣬ܿˡ
˵ĹҩϵЩر
ҶѰ꼴ӵһۣڰȥ
ҩһ£ȱһζҩ
޳ûҵ
һˡҶѰ꼽ЩҩպԺȥϢ
һħҴҸˡ
ǰŹȥҩģҲǸһġ
һζҩģΪûУ
巵ü˯۵ʾԼħķӣֻ⸱̬ʵǲϲ
ţ޳ڼ֮أҲѰζҩģħ岻óڼ֮жȵȥ
Ҫ޳ʲôҶѰ˼ţ޳ĹЧܼ򵥣Իģֻ֮дá
ҪҲ뽫ҩĵķʽ뵤¯ĵܵõõƷס
岻óǲм˻ֻǻá
ǻõҩкܶ࣬;ҲҪ򵥵öࡣ
ȥ顣ҶѰ꼰ڰ֣ȥˡ
ȱҲ޷òҺҩ滻Ͼˡ
ȻʱҪӷһЩʵȱһζҩҲû취
ڼ֮ذ꿪һ䣬βˣһҪڰ


125 
ϵͳİ, ʶתϵͳռ䣬ÿʱ䶼ˡ
ֻһʱϵͳռбչһ졣
Ѿȡ˸ʱ, 廹Ǿò̫
ĻѾ˺, ȻҶѰһƿҩҺȥԺΪͻȻǵ˴ڡ
ҩҺԺ, ͻȻǰɺʧˡ
ȡס˫۵ĲǰҶѰ꼡
ʧЦʱһѰ꼵ģ
ܿˣҶѰЦţҲûбҶף˵ҶѰ꼵Ѿϰ, ħڣÿǧһεħᣬñ֣ʱҶѰ
ͷ, һоһ͵̧ͷ׽ˡ
ħϿջƣⳡ׽úͣһֱڵƵġ
廹һ״̬о᲻ʲô, ҲС
ôܹ߶, һܶҲǿԵġ
Ѱ꼣뿪忴ƾۼħ, ħ˵, ׽ԺħضյӰ졣
ҶѰüͷ, һҶѰϿٴе顣
Ȼܿһ㣬һֱֵƵҶѰ˵ǵһΡ
죡׽ºˡ
ҶѰ̾һôὫ͵޽һߵɽϡ
Ժ¿ţ
ǰһӣұʵֻϧûܳɹΪħԵʰɣԡҶѰ˵һԣɫָֻһɵӣżѡ
֪ΪΣҶѰ꼣巴侲
۾ûóףżһЩӰЩҩ׽ٵʱǸϹ

忴ҲǴһЩ΢΢ģΪ۾⣬û̫ں
һ彫ںһκεֿҪףΪһ¡
£ѾӦˡ
һԹۿҶѰ꼣ð
㲻ҪˣҶѰ꼴ȥȴ׽ٸˡ
ۿǵϣȻϿǱ࣬״̬֮ǰһ㣬һһԵļơ
Ҳֱ
ϵͳһ飬ϵͳóȫû⣬һһͳ˿
͵͵ǣЩ׽Ҫúðջ
ȻֻǸոȴðһ㣬ʱѾʧȥ˾ԵĿȨڰаܳûҪ
ӭϵڶ׽ٵʱ룬а֪֪ǿаˣ
аӦ֪ɣҲθ½ơ
ֻаֻ޲𹥻ϾߵҲ⡣
͵ѶҶѰ꼱ʵɹҲаƻ
ţűϲýȥоñûҪˡ
ҶѰ꼿ó̬ͻȻ˱仯ԱΧǽʱֲ׽ؼһڱ
ҶѰ̧ͷϲ񷣬иеһ󵨲
ˡҶѰţߵħָħصħ
廹Ӧ׽٣ҶѰ꼴˿̽ѣ߲ħǱҲҪ
岻֪綼Щʲôһһ׼ӦԽ׽١
Ȼڽ˼ԺһЩԾ
ϵͳЩ׽̺֮ôʧˣԴҲûˡ
ԼɻʳȴٳٵòϵͳĴ𸴡
ǸһֱϵͳͻȻʧһ
ϵͳ
ϵͳ󴫳һ϶ؿǾױǰİһڼԺ㳹׼žȥ
׳ˣϵͳʧʾһвƽ
󼸵׽ٲ᲻ص£ɢȥԺſһԴҶѰ꼡
̤ҶѰ˫ۡ
ˣ
ҶѰҶѰЩԾøĮһЩ
ħˣ׼ȷ˵¶ˡаӦѾ׾ѣұҪħȥɢһͬȥ塣
ҶѰߣ²˳٣Ҫ뿪
֪аһսעģû뵽һô졣
ħͽǰһֱҲ˭ʱȥŻˡҶѰñȽɵ˵š
ɫȴʶˡ
ʱ˭Ҳ˲϶Ů鳤Ƿֱʱֻüһء
ֻǰɢˣ˴ԺҪôԼշеͬʱسɴ磬⶯Ĺ㵽ɢ˵ĵش
ʿ֣ΧܸоһЩ΢Ĳ
ϸ΢Ĳٻᱻ⣬ھб䣬˴ע⣬ʶһؾͱΧ
ǰ忴˴ӵĹôһˣԷһ㡣
￴壬һ£̶̰꣬Ȼ˱仯ֲһϡ
仰˵ģɣûôףٿҲûҪ͵뷨
ҲûжʣŹ뿪
Χ£׼ֵʿ˿ǰɢˡ
ǰҡ
Ļϣ״½ΪűҲǴڣҿɵһǰɡ
ħħˡ
ͻȻͣ£ħӲ£ξȻɽˣҲǣ״½ΣڵϦȻǲħ壬ʱӦҲԹۡ
˵ħһֱܻԾ
Ļ˼Ƭ̣ħаҲԸ𣿡
˵аҪܳɳħħ壬ħֻѹûǵİ취аܻ䣬ħԶݷ
ˣҲ˵һħ⣿
ûһǰħ޽Ԥԣʱ˵аһ졣絫Сֻѹ֪ħ뷨Ƿı䡣
֮ǰ޺嶼Ƚϵǵ£ħ⣬Ƕаһ
ħǲɺӵħļǵʤҪһЩ
ǣ޺ħǲ
ޣħ廹ܺа񹲴ʱ޽Ҳò׼ħ̬ȡ
ҪлϢǻΪħѾǰԼ
ħҲڣħ岻Թ۵ġҶѰ꼣Բʱۻ
෴ҶѰһֱΪ˴аŬ
߰ɡҴȥ
屻ӪУһɢˣסĻǴլӣһȴʱ԰뿪Ӫʡ
Ӫһˣ񣬿İϾӣȻд˲ɣ
ɢ
壬
ؿɣøպãº岻֪ԼԭЩǰҲмַġ
Ѿ뿪ˣӪֻʣ͹
壬һ˵ľ翴ȡ
ԭΪ׽٣ֻʣµĶǿס
ױǲ̺汾Դ׽١
ɫһ𣬹һܵĪĴƵģ૿ڣˡ


126 
аϢ, ͬһʱ䣬鶼ܵˡ
˽ЩˣҲͬһʱоһ
Ҫˡ˼֪ʲô, Ͻȥһ˲ɽ
ס, ɽ
ԣɽ˼Ѿ͸, ù뿪
ǰɽ·ϣ˼úһԺŵÿ塣
ɽĲڿ֮ڡ
屻˼˲ɽ, Ժ忴ɽţԺеļͻȻǱľһйơ
̥Сʱͱڵ˻ȥ
ʮĵط
˼һ, ɫЩԾ˼ͻȻʲôˣ
ǡ
ʱһϢҵҡһ֮²ŷ̲һΪ׵޷ܡΪ˾㣬ס㾡Уһ֮ңʶΪ
Ŀ, һЩ, Ź˼ÿ˵һ䣬ԺҲȷʵʱһЩƬΡ
Ǹˣʦ
ĳ, аΪ˾, ҹ˼֮ϵ
Ϊӻɳû뵽ħͻȻ, û뵽аɿ˽϶Բڳ֡
˼˵һ꣬Ϊ޷ӻšֻͷߡǰǺһУǰȥ³ǣļӡ
ѾһУʴʦ𣬿ɰͬţȷѪ֮֡
ʦϣ㱻ɱΣµӰʯ
˼һɫӰʯº뿪ˣԴһʱ䡣
õӰʯԺȥ
ͽ壬Ϊʦ뿪֮ﲻͬ壬α񡭡
ʦϣҪͬΪ޵Ÿ𣬶ҪЭһͬа
ûЩ˵̰ôᱻаƻɿôΧսƲӵĲڡ
彫Ӱʯ
˼֪ʱҲˣ忴˼ɫԽʱ˵Ļɤﺮ˿Ƶģֱֱð
Ѿط˴͵а죬ܶ˱аƻԸΪƷ
׹˼Ϊλ⸱ˡ
ǸӦԣûκξ飬ֻܰϣλϡ
˼ɵϣ˸µɽ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
˼ͻȻʻҡͷΪΣ
ΪΪΪӡϹŵޡ
ƤЩԼǲˡ
У
û˼ᵽЩʱ̬бʾ壬аؼаӡڵĻڴ󻤵Ĳǲڣ£µĲ
ͷӿ˼˵аΪڵĵӣԳǵص±ѹ޽ϵǵɺаһս
˼ֻ˵ôܾù˼ϵͳһ
ĿԺаһսֻ£Ҳֻ¡
˼ͷһᾡȫ㣡
屾ɵģΪϵͳߵÿһˣƺܣ嵽һѾȥ˭Ҳ֪û˭
Σι˼ϵͳҶѰ꼡
ҶѰҹ˼ˡ
˼ȥ޽ϵȥˡ
彫ԼĻ֮ĹǣܸоԼڶһЩɷ
巴Ӧ˼ͻȻǰ
ΪҪ˺ԼҪܵʱͻȻֹ˼ΪĶ뵽Լڡ
˼
循֮£˼Ѿ֮ǰ湫ӱһ׷ԲԵˣϵļ壬ߡ
ͷţڹ˼һ˿Ϊ֮ҲΪһ̣Ȳ紵ûˡ
ӿǹ˼ΪһظΪǿ޵ɷ֮
ڲƣǴӮˣǹɷ֮ѹȥ
о֪ڵܹǹϵգڵҲǿ󹮹̣ҲʼСһΪ
޵ţȲҪһС
һɴͷ׹˼Щʲô
˼ԼΪѹڵޣΪһǵ߱ɱ֮ˡ
Ｘյ˹˼ȫΪһʱ˹ûпԼֳ¶һЩ顣
ͣһ䣺ɴߣĥĥʲô
Բ𣬹˼
ֳΪ²ΪԼĵûкֻǰڵĻڴۡ
Ҫʲô
ͷһۣЦ㲻Ϊֻһ𣿡
ۡ
޴֮УɽµЩͻȻƽϢ
ֲԼΪһαѹĲźһɽҲܵˡ
޷ЩٶȱѹޣֻǳճյؿƽۣԺиֵǹȥһĻ
ʱˣߵʱֻ塣
ݸаŰ˳ǹаܿһ
ǲٶȸ˹ȥ
ϵʱصһطˡ
ǹ³ǡ
ҶСļҡ

Ⱦң˰Ⱦң
ҲҰ
аҪңеĸŷkk
ǲɱģʹǸĥ
һ˼
忴һͷڳƶܾмƵġ
ֱǵ߾˵СٿǸаŤľѿڶ󵱼ҵġ
óӡ޺˳
ֻ巢Щ޺Щ仯ʵˣҷҫˡ
ǾƺваޣŤ⧲а÷ˣͷ϶żǣǡ
αһ
󵱼ҵģ㣡彫ӡе޺źȥԺһתͷζ毱ˡ
Ͻȥ
аĶ֣嶯ܿͽЩа޸ˡ
ǼܲסЩа޷ǳ֮࣬аĿʧȥǣںƽʱĴ򷨲һڵǺڱɱ֮ƵģȫҪˡ
ζ毻ΪΣǸϤ˳ˣ˿
΢ָһԺ¸ϽȥѳСͳȥ
ߣʣµ˳ȥζ˵ʱһӦǾСޡ
ԺζҲࡣ
޺ζȲѣһá
彫³ǵа޶ˣ˿Ժζ毡
ζɷҩԼˣȴæýŲմء
ˣζʱϢһ£һš
ҩôģ忴Щҩÿһ򵥡
ζЦ¥ɷģСǵһμ¥˴ֽء
ͻȻ뵽ЩҩⶼҶѰġ
֪Щ鷢ˣһֱ׼
֪ΪΣѵͷȴһζŮ鳤ˡ
̧ͷ˿죬Ǹˣ֪ˣħ»᲻޽Ϊ֣ѹ᲻
һ£ֽעŵ˹³ϡ
ζ毽ţԴӷֹ³ǵ±˴׼Ժɢ˶˹Ҳ˲ˡֻϧǸܵ٣ֻѹ첻֪ô£ѹͻȻˣɢʮͻȻ䡣ڰװɽоаǸϽСǹˡܾһһ
󵱼ҵĳ塣


127 
ζ毼̵һ, ֪ĿǰڻָܲҲͷ
󵱼ҵĽʲô㣿
ζ毰еľƺ˸ɾ, 漴ڰװɽǱ, û뵽ˣҲ֪ȥ, Ҫȥһˣ֮ȴİŰɡأ
ҪȥѰа䡣˵˱㶼Ĭ
ζ毰嵹һյ裬Цڡ
һյ¶ǣ徫, ڴ˱ף󵱼ǰ·̹
ڹ³ҵһЩΪûϵͳİֻԼ, ԼǵõһЩŵһ
ǡɽпϢʱоЩѹ³ǺҵЩŵһ뵽˺׵Щʯ
ͻȻ뵽֮ǰӴЩ󷨣󷨱Ƚϵһ˺һ󷨷ںϵһ, ûڵġ
˸ϰ׵󷨡
ڿһ͵, Ϊۣķ֣ϵһŹ
뵽ħЩ, Զ׼ħҲΪϵӡ
ħڹ, ħǸطаѽȥţһ, Ҫǰȥħ¸ҶѰ꼡
ֻǻûħյҶѰ꼵ĴѶ
ҶѰ꼵Ϣܼ̣Ҳ˵úֱס
ڤ綯ƽ
ֻŵСֽƬˣĥһ£漴ǰڤ硣
ڤͬΪ֮һĽĹ鴦ҲĽֻص㡣
ͨڤ·ֻһַʽ򿪵֮ţ߹Ȫ·
·һҿջ
ڻȪ·޷ֻһǰС
¿ţȥػɳ̧ͷֻǼֽƬȥԲ£øĿ
ûꡣ
аŰ˵˲˵ģΪʲôڤĻȪ·ûꣿ
ѹͷɻԶԶһҿջ첽˹ȥ
ջվһɫ۵İ׹Ǽܣϻһѽ
׹Ǽųɨ㣬Ҳ֪ɨأǰɨ˹ȣ·ɨһûһµĵأ׹Ǽܲ»λε˿»Ƶġ
ûʲôµĶΨа׹⡣
ʿˮ档
ǰ׹ǼͻȻǹͷ͹ͷ֮ĦƵġ
͹٣룡
ŵ
һһŮˡ
ũҶ̹ӣĨ
£ŵ˿ˡ죬ȥԺ¯ӣд
Ůͨ˾úǺһͷů⣬δĹƵġ
岻ֵط¾裬ֵľСӦԡ
͹٣һ·˰ɡСѾûţȵþλԵ˰
ȥŮĨ˲ӣȻʾ¡
͹٣ҪԵʲôС껹ԼľƣҪ
ҡҡͷɲ֪ڤõʲôңһ˶ǮҪͻġ
ѽôãòǿջԵ㶫ϧˣ˵ǻȪջɲġ
ʲôҪ֧ʲô
ŮԱվţĻЦ˵ϵ£ҪģС֧ʲô
Ůߴٵ£ֿЦò˵ҪҪĶֵټˡ
̫Źֵһҿջˡ
ɱаǿзӣ
Ȼеġ
Ҫ֧ʲôгء
ŮЦɣֻаˡ
Ů£֪Ķóһﵥ˼ҳԺ󣬽ŵǰ
̫ˣԼңԼɡ
˹ڻﵥϣַ˼ҳ۾͵ؾͲ׽ҪϢ
ɱа񣬴ʮꡣʮʲô˼
Ů΢üǶеһ˿⡣
ùӿһ£漴ЦǼ
廹һ󲻽ӣЦŽܼͣ򵥣ҪС򹤡ʮꡣ
ʮꣿͷ͵ţ񲻹ǴΪʮ껹ծ
㻹˵ңҾԺ֪˶𣿡
ҡҡͷǰ󡣡
ԼĪˡ
һʮꡣ
ʱõɴ˫ۿŮȴЩ˵һӵĹء
ֲŮ˵ɱаС£Ͼɱаİ취ֻҪʮĹڡ
ҸλŮˡ
ŮóһƤԼĻ룬Լǳˡ
ù׼ϸͬǷķδġ
ģȪջ۸񹫵ͯۡ
Ƿݺͬ˵һںʵʱǩ£Ϊûеɽˮһ̡
㵹мֻ飬ˡŮߵСųƿӶԺ溰һЩϲˡ
ԺһֹŹֵ֪˻Ӧ
Ҫ뿪ȪջиҪҪ뵽ڤһЩ
ŮʵλǰȪ·Ϊûꣿ
Ůǰע屻Щš
ǰ
Сޣظʲôģ
屻ס漴а١
ΪΪȪ·ϾӦꣿ
ΪаŰ˼˲ˡȪ·ȴû꣬δ⡭
廰˵һͱסˣǰλŹֵǰסգֳֻ˵ġ
СһҪදӡ
ŽԼŮϾȻһֱӡ
طûġ
ЩίİŮ˵Щһ룬ͻȻ˹
аЩꣿ
ҾͲˡҲ˵ˣջѾûˡҾҪطˡŮƵ˹̨棬˶˱ûпˣû롣ûҾҪõĹӡۣ
һ࣬ԺҲתĴһ䣺డ
׷ʣǰڤûط
ҵЩ˳ȻŮ˰æ
׷̨ԱߣŮȴӻ֣֪֪ʱȥֲ㶫ʶġ㷳
屻ܾˣĬ˼ҪҪһЩˣǳʳĻӦúò˼⾰ܹԼļ깤ڻһϢǺܻġ
׼ڵʱͻȻԼֳ˻Ȫ·ϣŻڻɳϵĿջͻȻˡ
ǰ¿ȥǼջδֹһ㡣
Щǰ·ǵʱߵһӡǷֲǰ·ǹ;
ͷ˿Щӡǰš
ܿһȱصĴţ忴ǸߵÿĴţз
ܵظֹ
屻⣬óĴţħ֮ǰЭڤƽ
ӹ˴ţԺ˵ݺ򡣡
һܽдţһ϶塣
ϢȻǸֽƵģȫڻӦ
ҲֻЪ˼վһĬĬš
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãо켸¶пܣʵûжˣȥţǰʱд𸴣ɷЩ
ǳ˺漴ָУܵظֹ


128 
屻, ȵ
ܹ鲻̫ãҶѰ꼲ߴ
ֲ֪˶ãʵǵȲȥ, ׼ȥʱ, ȴŻˡ
ţǰ뿪λˡ
ֻǳֵʽЩǱ, ӹġ
ôˣشŵλһγо첽ȥλ
λǿһ壬ˣڤӸ, ˰㡣ʮǰرյżӹ̷ӡڤ˳ȥΪ˼䡣
ڤͬΪϹޣܸܵԼһɰڽţ֮ͬĹ
, Ƚȥ
ˣһӡκζ޷ˡǷӡơ
ӡ繲֣ҪƷӡͬҪȱһɡ´ң֮׻ܾܲδ֪
еԼ, Զ, ȽȥܵҶã
λţλһֱŵǾûп, ٿԵաǹ, ʱǾ޲Ҳط˼䡣ظͨٻ, ֵܶزסġԡڰ֮ǰһرȴţӹ̷ӡ
ͷȥˡ
һʲô¸ҵˣӺСº¹ãŲ¼ϵΡ
֪ǰǵԨҲһߵȽֻźϵһ˲䣬мֻҵĻͷһۡ
źˣһ϶Ĺǵ϶д˽
ǿһּ·⣬ˣҲܸмĴڣ·֪һһ·
ὣնУ˵ӣˮѾݽߣиѵغӴϲ׹ǡ
һ£ͻȻ뵽һڷӵʱþпһĻ
ʱΪֻǷӵų˻þڿһģһĳʱŻȻ
ǾȻԤʾ
ԼĴ⣬ʱ˽һ㣬Ƿܹյظһ磿
ͻȻ»ˣȴʲôҲûп
ֱ룬üġ
һͻȻЦڰο𣿡
κηӦԹС
οˣĵ׺࣬ҲԼóڹȥʧ֮С
ԶҪǰ
óӡӡ޺ֲߡ
Ϊûϵͳϣ޷ȡΧֻܷų޺ǰ̽·ߡ
ͻȻ뵽ԼϵͳеĶϵͳͻȻӦˣҲ֪Щܲó
һжһᦵƬü
û뵽ⶫȻó
ֻһƬòȫᦣķܶһˡ
öƬȴƬͻȻз˳ȥ
ͿҪοľٶһᦵƬԺֱӱһٷ˹ȥ
˲һֱܵԾٸȥ
һη׷ᦵٶȱ˻ҪƵġ
ͻȻͣһⱻסˡ
屻ȴӰн䣬ŷӡٻһ޺
ᦾǰȻڷĽڣ屻˽⡣
忴ɢĴû뵽ظڤл˺ΰׯµķ
ǰ޵ǵѧȻӣԷ˽١
ΧһȦðһ²⡣
ڵظڤֵķǡز
֪ز˽ⲻֻ࣬ǰһλ˴ȥŻɽ棬˵ǵزĵҲ˽һĴ˵
زǴТԸĻΪ˾ĸģգĲɷΨ֤ᡣ
ʱʼϵͳˣϵͳڵĻ˽⵽ķǲǵز
ǰƬ˿ڷнһµС̫ȶˣһС
循طûһڵܿģƫƫڤΪĵط
忴һ֮ӻûüתͻȻʧˡ
ὣǰҲʱŷַЧˡ
Сȥ鿴ƽƽ˼ûоܹķһ㣬˻ҳ
ȥԺ󿴵һֻȮʯػԣȴûзӡ
ȮͷȮʨβǰ˼乩ǵز
һЩеֱﱳϣеϡ
ڲһ񣬵زˡ
ǰսȥʯѾû޵飬ֻһյʯˡ
ȥŹֵߣתȥѰƬ֪ƬĿʲô
ϾϵͳƷĶȻ֪ʲôӦòΣա
ٻ޺ڴѰңʵ޺̫ͷ飬ԷӡʹԽԽӦ֣ЩͷҲѹȥ
ԼҲûţ·ſûʲô
Ժһھ˹ȥ̽ͷš
ˮӦģ
գգۣˮеĵӰҲգգۣԴˮеĵӰͻȻֿЦЦ

ŵƿ㶣ŷӦˮĹŹ֣ƺûж⣬һڶĸо
һ׳ŵ̽ͷȥһڿݾ˵ǵӰˣһˮûС
ĬĬԶǿھ˵һξʱǿڹŹֵľͻȻ΢⣬һᦡ
й̣һ۾ϳᦣΪеͼƷ䶼һµġ
ᦵĳ֣弤ϹȥҪõϣȻᦸᡣ
Σֻ׾ķӣᦴ
֪˶ãҪߵʱȴԽԽǿ˿תֿȭȥᦡ
ûڸ񵲣ᦵʵҲһЩ
峢жȥԼϵһЩѹһ
ԼᦰƯǰûκζ
ȥ˹ᦻǰ㰲ϡ
ˣⶫǿǿ
аϣܷаһأ
度ϻ£ֱսϵͳ
Ҳ֪ΪֻŵԼΣҪԵеʱ򣬻Ҫıᦱ̡
ȥԺ
⵽Ϲᦡ
ǷΪ/
ĿǰıǿӡȻõú˳δ󶨳ΪΪķԲӡΪϵͳҲ޷ǿշ
û뵽εõᦣᴥϵͳİ󶨻ơ
ֻǿϧϵͳµĻܣϵͳδӦ״̬
ǡش
ܿ͸оԼϵ
ڰ󶨵һ˲䣬Ժ޺еİԹжԺ屾ͱ޵̼ܣټһʹ֡
ѪȥÿڵϣԼվøȵһЩ
-
ħ
ҶѰȥǵѪǰںսаһνħħϢħ
аҲˡҶѰ꼱ܿĹϢ֮Цӭ˵ˣս
Ҫħ򣿹֪ħʱ塣ħ뱾һͬٹ
аʱͬգֻһаʱͱħѹڵkʵܹʯȻǶʢʱڣʵָһĵkڶԴħʱࡣ
㣬ʵǲ㡣
а˵ţһݵа˳ȥҶѰ꼶ܵüʱһӹǾҪɢɢˡ


129 
ڤҵԺǰȥʮѲ顣
ֻϧûа, а٣ʮҲ֪ȥ
ƺ̫ˣսûʼ, ȴһֳ䶨Ļ㱸С
֮, ֻʣһȿţŵλҲˡ
ӡٻ޺ȥѰ, һ
֪ΪΣʱź֪һɼеĸоʲô±ˡ
ڤҲҴ뿪֮ź, ֱӱħ
ҪҶѰ
˿̵ħħڼٵرȡҶѰϣҶѰЩħֿаĹ
аһαѹʱҶѰ꼾Ѿ㵽˻һ, һǿ˵ĳ֡
ʱûκߣ㾡УյһսҲԤϵġ
ҶѰûıħǿڷǽˡ
˿̵ҶѰѾ׻ħ壬аҲֳʵ, һźֵӰӡ
аһҶѰ꼺Ϥ, Ӻ߳ʱҶѰһ˲Ĵ㵡
浡
屾Ǻʡ
аȡ浵壬浱, Զ
аЦһ, ҶѰ꼱аһжǹġ
ôô˵壬컻յһ, ġ
ҶѰ޽ʱʶλޣЩã˲Ƿ֮浲ͬ
ΪԷĲϤ꣬ΪرѰҩ˵ĹϵҲ֮ͨøΪ׽Щ
ڿԼĺѱаһϤˣһַʽԼǰ
ҶѰŭգħһź佣ͬһ׵˳ȥٶ֮аܿ
ɱ֮ڻаƿһӣһԼأа
ĿԽٵ֪Ϣħ嶼Ϊ˶е
˵ħϹ壬ħҪʱħǸԸ׳Լ
ǵһԼΪȥǵҶѰ˵΢
ڽܵʱҶѰ꼻жݡ
״ĿѾĹǴ˵ȴս֮ʣһŹͶ֣Ͼһ߾ܶһԼֵĻᡣ
ʱ򻹲һĻ
ͬԼ׳ȥ˥ٶȱ֮
һʼԼħҲ
Ĵ󻤷١
Ĵ󻤷֮УҶѰҲܵ˵ڻһ
ʣµǸٳûյҶѰһһʽɱ⡣
ħûһ˵ʹķûôÿ˺ɫɫûбˡ
һɫľ³ϢϢĵط⡣
ħаĶ߲ƲʱҶѰеĽͻȻɳ
ķ巿ŴԼдɴ˫ۡ
ˡ
ҶѰ꼵ĽֻصϣѾҡҡ׹ȴҶѰ꼵ħסˡ
ͽȥҶѰɹᣬöȥȡʥȪʯΪ̽
己ȥԺҶѰЩṩħ嶼ָˡ
ֱʱ򣬶űؿ˹
ɵ۵ĹսԵ˿һһĸ˵ûУӻҡҪֻҡ
ǡ͹ִҲʲôʱˣҪӵĳ谮أҲʱ
ű巣ŭɶĴӹȥħϰ˸˹
ħŹҪ巶֣һ£˻ȥͽѵһ٣Ѳɽкħѧѧٵĵ𣿡
ħ޻˵Ըһӡ
ħδͽҶѰ꼲ö֪µаʱ
¶ӲΪҵǸͽͽץˣҲٲҴš
ҶѰ꼽Լħڤҹһаʲôһ֮ң
ֻͬһħǱϿɵģk©˳Ļᣬû취׳񻹲αˡ
ֻ뱾аΧ£а񱻱Ƶû취һεԼļ̳ȡԼа
ƾڵı£ҪңԶءаǷkֿЦ̫Ըˣʱ㸶ˡ
ڤҹûжkĹƴӭȥ
һ̣ıһĻİ˱аܣΪʧȥļӳֶӿ׹䡣
岻֪Լôȥģֱسɴ磬ֻǵˣֻ֪סİˡ
ԼѾû˻Ҳһš
˯˯šоѪҺסˣ֪ԼʲôҲ֪Լ˵ʲôҪȴֻħһֶζûá
õˣ
һ߷ٴһ㣬пܾͽ仰ɢˡ
仰Ŀڤҹ
˿ηʲôħֻõˣõˡ
߱㡣
еڵħϢнɢˣЩħϢȡħ壬ֻع鵽ħϡ
ǵһô߱ģʹõģҲ
ֻǺ˺ܳʱ䣬вٴԣ˵һεݣɱаƬײ
д˵ԽԽף˶֪һ߱ǿߣ塣
˼ǵ֮ǰжΪ߱Ŭǲ֪һΪʹ޵ħΪһսҲȫ
߱Ǽ򵥵Ľаɱ˾£ֻɱ˲ô򵥣߱Ҫk׻𣬵kͽ̳kȡһһζҪٵ
ᦴ˿̱㷢á
忴ŵϴϵĿıڸոÿа񲻷ҹɱһ̡
аڣ޽ϵԼΪУаΪ˵ɱУҲʼԿĿ
ĺľҲʼϣƤѪģµİ׹ҲѺۡ
һףΪʲô˶Ҫ޻塣
֮ĻɱŴڵΪҲһ̣ͻȻյϵͳʾӡˡ
֮ķӡٻĲ޺Ƿӡ
Ŀȱķӣٻٸаһа񱻴ɢ
аյɷ֮ڵ޴ÿһ޽ʱֻᱻʵǿҴѹȥ
ᦣĶԩ˽
ħ籾ǲյĵطôǻ谵ģаﳹױúڰ
彫аɱԹ֮Ƭѵ˼̧֣ͷȥǳɼ
ϲߣµһ
ϵͳͻȻߣ֪Ѿˡ
ͷʱûй⣬Ҳûˡ
˵̫ˣ̫ȥˡ
뿪ħ壬ȥһ˺ߣֶһ˺ܾãûо͵Ҳûʦ֣ûͷСϻ
һг䶨巢Լ޴ȥʱȥһ˰װɽ
һŴķס岻ֿı˴ɽկ
󵱼ҵģץ˸Ůޣư
ζ毴ó˱ӵ塣
Цˣ󵱼ҵģԼɻоƣ


130 
ص˲ɽ, ȥ˼·ڵɢ
˾Bͬ츸׵ģͬһɽ, ·Ϻ˵Щ顣
аȻ, ҲָյǬǲڰĵԶʧģҲ𲻵ġ˾BĿڴ˵, Ʃ˴ħ
һЦŷ¡
˾BȴҡͷҲȰ£ΪȥĿ, 뿪˾ͺá޷ĳع¾ͺáҲôΪ
һ˵ֻĿƵؿŹ
˾BЦһ;ѧῴһ, ΪǶԴ޿κΣ˿οԼһЩҲһԣ
ĿȻ֪˾B仰ʲô˼, Ҳ֪˾B仰ʲô
, ֻҪıһμɡ˾BüЦ⡣
һСȴܵ˹˾BĹ, ǰһҲûȻ
ݼ˼ˡ
˾B׼뿪, ȴ
ȥô
˾B, ҡҡͷ޷صȥҲ޷ıȥһСȥǲܵġҲڵkȶ˾޴ĸı䡣
į˾BȴδԸıûδ
仰˻Ҫĥһӣȴڹ˾B˵֮滺
˼ǿԽδ
·һοϣ˾BЦţд˾ͺãҲͲ˵ˣй¶
Ǵηֱ֮״½ãһλصɽʱѾ˻ʱյ׼
ֻ·ͬСɣʵò⣬ֻһȥҹ˾B
ȴϹ˾Bڱչأʿչ򼸸ʱܴ꣬ﵽǧꡣ
ɢ˵˼꣬Ǿ뿪ȥѰҴ𰸡
ڹ򲻸ˣڹһλˡ
ȥкԿаһս룬״½ʿ֪Ϊ˱鷳Լò
ѣס
ѾǵСˣԴʦΪ̫ϳϺ˳µĴӳ״ӱΪγϡ
䶢һΪûߣҲͿαװ
סʱػӦš
ҡݵĽԼαװЪ¡
һĳϵĳȶׯɴ۾壬Ȼ㣬û뵽
ǰϴιһ𣬾һǧ˰ɣ̾š
ȴЦһǧʮꡣôòڻ𣿡
ԡ忴Щӡ
תԼĴӵʳǵѾʦʦȥѵһۣȲظˡ
ĵӺܹɣԹʦʦ뿪
ڵߺָյļֻá
Ҹطһɣ塣
ȥ˶¥¥Ĵ󶫼ұаڶ¥ҲûˣֱӸĳ˾¥
˵£Ĭ˼Ǻ˵ܿ̽Ȼʱգܰȥеһ̽
棿һǰ¶ϲþŶֱӰϡ
ЦȻġҲ˵ҵĹʽֻ״½һǧǰһսæһġ
ȥ
ʦ˵ĵֱӴӺɽܵг԰鿴ϵ
Σվһ̲ס̽ͷţʦŪѾȥˣڼ䲻ģûиκδ𸴣岻ļ
һԵţ岻֪ٴΡʱЦֻһ֮̽ӣ̶֮ѣСС¾ܽġ
Σֻһŵȴ
һαȥˣڼ뿪ˣԺ塣
ֱһ죬泤ͻȻеƣվ
ĿƵضٵĴӵϵǰ
ǰΣ
ơ
ֻһ֣Ȼһ־˵˽
Ǻõġ
ãͺá˺ü죬׼˵㶫ȥɽ̳ڲɽʱա
ʱյһҲˣ䶣ݣ顣Ҫǡ⡭Ḭ̄ġ
ЩЩõĸо
̳úãһʱΧһжǼžģȴԼصȥ
ȻһͻȻΧһжûзı䡣
仹ڲԶ
̳߳ʱ󷨼飬£ôˣ
˵岼ô꣬ϵʱδʽʱֲ
ˡЦΪʱҪȻѾ״½һˣʼնû已̥
ɱаĹֻͣҪһͷϽ磬ھ񻹲һ
ͬҶѰһһܵ졣
ô죿
Ĵ񣿡
ΥϵͳΪϵͳԺͱջأû뵽ϵͳȻڡ
Ӧڻʱգԣˣkݵһ
ϵͳĴԺ濴ˡ֮ս鿨3
֮սܹӵ塣鿨ʱջн
Ǻܾ֮ǰһϵͳ齱гȡģʱ⼸鿨֮ԱǣΪ˾ķ㲻ʲôö
û뵽ʶˡ
ֻӣȲᱻƶķ½ȥҲ鿨õһЩص¡
ֻнʱջݵĲ
ϵͳлл㡣
һδϵͳĻеһ㺦ߵĸо
ÿϵͳӦõġ
ȷʵϵͳϵͳҲ֪֮ս鿨Ȼôˡ
仹ڷѾ˼ôʱգ˵ְ취ˡ
ûʲô취ֻΪڶﶥ󣬾ȻҲ˷츲صı仯
壡첻ѣ⵽ʲôطܴʿֱӽ塣
֪ܳԾҲ֪кܶɻ󣬵ڶ޷شˡ
Ѿܵһɾ޴ڴδ
ʱջݿʼԺڵʱձ㳹ֹͣˣһӰƬͣƵġ
ص˹ȥΪʵʱյתֻܻݵԪ㡣
Ԫ㣬Ŀʼ
ĿĵʶԼһϸ΢仯һֻ͵һϹ
һûǴѹƣչгΪħ
Ϲħ
һڤҹʮħ塣
ħǴӻ֮бǰڻ֮໥ˡ
ڱԺ󣬳塣
µìҲˡ
ħ磬дϢħϢǸطռСɲôħ
ս㿪ʼˡ
Ϊĵ̣˫
k̸Уֻٲħȥ磬ħ½硣
˫ȵģҲȵġ
һħȥ硣
½ħΪڲϵģҲڽ䣬Ϊȥ֮俪ʼϢԼзָԼĺ
϶ĺᣬµʱɼ׾ٵ飬Ϊ½棬˶Լĸĸ̳е˾ѵպתƽʱһƽ
ħΪȥѡһַʽ£
֪ħҲһűԴħΪ˱պɢѡ츳ߵǸħ壬ħ㽫ħϢǸħ壬һַʽڡ
Ǹúڤҹħ壬Ǳѡ츳ߵħ塣
ħŽ£½ǱȦСУƺ׾پܱ
˫һα˳ͻħսչ
½еôһս䣬Ϲħǰһ
ֱ巢£kǴݣ磬kǴⳡս
һսǸڤҹħЩħŽսƽ
˫һƶԼ粻ٲ½¡
ȻԼƶԺ˫Ҫʱǰ壬ħصʱϽ籬һǰδеħս
Ӯˣħ½磬նǻ;
ħΪ˱½˶֣һս½ɢɼ塣
ħҲܴ󣬶һν˸Ԥ䣬ħҲѹ
ٺͻȻûħ
¾еɢɵĺʧȥɹǣ嵮
壬ڤҲ
ٺʱⳤУһȺ˷ƽʱлһǳ֮Ϊ飬ܹǿ١
˶ĴãյķţǷĴڡ
ƺƿû˱ͨͨķˡ
˰մ˵ԳΪʿȥѰ̺ĵطԽԽʿ£һǽΪ޽硣
޽粻˽룬ɵؾ󣬱㲻ա
ΪǷ㲻Ĵڣһһ㣬ôԽԽá
ٺʿΪﵽ˶壬˵һΪΪ̫ע⣬ɵ硣
̣ʿ֮Ϊ˵еҲ֪
ʿ޽ȡĴһʿķ޽ҲԽϡ
ǿʼһЩֲ̺ԼУʯҲ˳
һɽھ޽Խϡ٣ʿҲڲϵķ
ʿ֮ҲԴɱ߳ñȥħа
ħкܶ࣬ǳ˴ħޣħ޲ħ壬已̥ɲôħһ̶Ⱥħ޾ͻᷢ裬񳹵һ
аһɢĸһʼ٣ս߷аԽԽࡣ
ааҲ
ֻӵУ˷ɱ壬ȥҩͿȡڵΪԼá
ΪƽⷢչһЩʿһǿɣźϷϹΪԼȡԴ
ûɱʿԽѣͶ·Ϊаħޣרȥˡ
ʱһλܳˣ˼ҵĵһλɢˣЩ츳ϲʽϵ͵ɢǾ£һԼǣͬӻǡ
޽ʱƽϢʱһλħˡ
ܲңϹħ塣
ʱŷ֣ħڤҹ
ڤҹΪ˶ɱԼħϢɢֻһƱԴħϢ⻯ɻǣǰڤתֻء
˽縻ԣ̼֮ңͶ˸ǧױָΪδ
κǸӣմǲݣΪڹٳƽƣƿӺδһңҶҼҵ䣬
ҪҶС㣬һţҪ檡
޷һιʹһļŭգҲֻһԹߡ
ֱҶСһѵ˸ɱˣһһ¡
ͻȻ˿
𵱳ҶѰ꼺˵ĻǾϷˣġ
ҶС㱻ٸץˣпؼҪϷŪҶСĶ˹ȥ
үҪնµһ̣ħѪѡ
ʶɱˣһǣһ˴
Ӵܣε˷֣аһ·׷ɱ
֮˾һɷˣĳɵ˽ĵմӡ
мľ֮Ҳܺã£Уš
ΪƯ֮绢Ѩѡ
ƴȫӳħ޵¯ץħ
ΪԱӵħħϢɭ֣ŴħʧȥʶΪħ˵µĵطҲΪ
ﰾһһ죬ֱҪȥʱһϢʱħѪѣӭ
ħħ尤ֱʶħʱŻԼݣϹŵħ壬еħ壬ħ
һִħµħһԼħԣ˵֮ϵױȵãǸط
ֱʵڣŷϵ޴ǡ
磬Уһ̷һУδܹů̫µů⣬˻˶¶΢Ц
ھпһ˿⣬Ըħ֮ػٰ硣
忴ӡµ䣬ʶѣ֡
ֻּǰ˼
忴Լĳ֡
һ飬нĿ·ŵҶС㡣
δڣҶСȿ
Ȼҳɻ飬еģǺϸҲС㽫ȡɡҶСϵ֬סĲֻ̬ݾƹȥʱ֣⡣
廹ǵʱһκȾƣҶСĺơ
һͿǴҶСչһҹ
ޡ岻֪Լڿ޻ЦʱջУ鲻ԽظҶС
аڤҹӦаϢ㵱ء
صһ죬ҶСȥˡ
忴ԼϢᣬǵʱһֽǮһ૵ػŰޡ


131 
忴ԼĹ, ЩΪԼļ䣬û뵽˿̶Ժи˳
һжͼȻ, ·һЩ, ֱаĳ֡
аĳִ˵ƽһ˵ӽȥЩ, ŷֺܶ˺ʶаѾˡ
һеĹ˼˼ҿʼڴ½أѰƽ֮
峤ʦ, Ϊ˿̽Ѱƽ֮ϧȫ˶ˡ
;ĸ͵ҹÿɰʱİ, ҲǶʷ¶İ
ͻȻյϵͳʾʱڵ㣬һЩϸ΢ĸı䣬ı䲻Ӱ쵽аɱˡ
˼ãǰߡ
ʦֲˮ֮󣬾͵ʦº, Ҳʱȥˡ
һ·ǳ뺣, ֱаһþ֮С
ǰʦֺ;͵߲鿴Σȴ˿ûзʲôԾ
طϵͳ, аôģ
Ҳ޷ҵ󷨺ͷµĺۼ, ȻЩûУôаô˶Ŀģ
һ, ϹźķΪ㿴ĶǾµĲӰԲҶٴΣֻ֮ܿǰӰΪʵģʶôҶҲǡ
ΪǰӰʱʦֺ;͵ǺܿܶûأƬطȻǵӰ
ֲáʱѰһͬû뵽ȻҲģˡͻȻЦ򣬹Ȼˡ
Ϊƽϰ̫Ļڵʽôԭʼ۷Ȼûܽ⿪
ûаѾ͵ǴߣֻʱķչܿҲˡ
ҲһȦʲôûֱ֣ӻײǿƷˡ
ǰ߽Уһ˲䣬˺;͵ŷԼȻͬһطͣĴת
߱뾵УҪرյһ̣͵˽ȥûܾȳߣȴһȥˡ
˻ȣһ㷢־˱һ棬ֹȥ̽ţһӿϯ˽ȥ
ƽϢ
֮忴˹
˱ǳԻԵģԻˣȴᱻԻһ۾Ϳͬһ㣬ֱӸ˻ȥ
˽ȥľǽеһֱӹرˡ
аӦҪѰҵʱҲȻֻܱ߱Զ
ЩҸξȾ͵ǣ
սѾʼˣҪĥʱ𣿡
ϵͳʾҸȻǻʱգʵʵ뵽κ֮ǰһҪδʱպܻܿᷢ顣
Ϊǲκ˽ʱջݡ
һ㣬ֱӽб
֪ϵͳĵǣ뿪˺ףȻѾ֪͵ǵȡôʱջԺȻѰҡ
Ѹٵĸħ
ǰҪ磬ҲʱҶѰסаġ
Ҫڤҹʱ޷ʱڵһС
ϵͳҸô죿
峢֮ս鿨Ҫȥʱգȴ鿨ûá
Ҳֻʱջͨ뵽ȥοɱаҪʱ̣˼ӹ̣ܽȥġ
ֻĿţôһʲôã
ںϵͳߵʱͻȻоʲôȣһԼ
ȪջţǻȪջԼֻҪǩԼûκҪĶ
һκԥǩȥҪⳡս
ΪϵͳҲû뵽ϵͳһ㷴ӦûС
ԼǩԺоһ͵ʱջݵͨǰק˼
̤Ժ󣬲ŷԼѾս
ڤҹбаʱͻȻһˣݣ͸ĵϸǸ˰
ڵɱа뽫ռӵʱյֻɱа񣬲ܵõϿɡʱն粻һƬޣڡ
ʵڲϵͳ˵ЩڻǲڵĶֻӡ
彫ϵͳĻŵһߣڳɱа񣬵ÿεҪɱаʱ򣬶ᱻһº͵˵
ţ֪ǹԴڷҪʱһ˲ķߺޡ
ܿ׹ˣ岻ȥɱаֻÿһڤҹҪʱ
ڤҹҲˣаҪǿˣǵˣҲˣƺǸֵˡ
ڤҹûаϣϣֻϣʱ˲ƻһС
岻֪ڤҹʲôֻǹŶԷΣ
ڸˡ
ʱյ壬٣֮ǰһûжûеԼԼȥԸаڤҹİ£彫аɱ
ʱջݵһֶƽ
循㵵ע£ڤҹˡ
죡
ΪһĻյĴ̼ԭأѪҺ޷
ϵͳĴߴ巴ӦԼΪʲôʱջһˡ
޷ıڤҹĽֻ֣һССĸĶ罫ԭͺľħϢɢڤҹ
óһֱŵӣҶĽ𵤣彫ڤҹһɱԴħϢ˽С
𵤸ӦԼϢܺõĽںϡ
öҶõģû뵽һֱûϣ˴ó
һαڤڤ֪֮仰𺳵
ȡһħϢ֮󣬺ܿʱջݵͨٴǣ뿪
˵ڶ֮ս鿨ӵʱ˷̵ͨ

俴ʲô仯Ϊʱջݶ˵ܹȥǧ꣬ʮꡣ
ǺƽվٺƽĿѾӹȥصڡ
ô֪ԼеɵΪոհһϢʱ䶼ûйȥȲ׷ʽΡ
ʵϣȷʵˡ
óϵӣƿЦˡ
ڤҹˣ߱һ죬ûк֮ǰɢڱıԴϢ»
̫ˡΪеˣЦݸֳȥڤɣһȥ
ţлˡ֪ı£ܹ֪̽Ķ
ЦЦʲôС¶ѡ
һڤڤĵ֮Ѿ´ˡ
ֻǿصδİף岻ʶǣȷʵʶģ˵Ѿû˲ϵ塣
ɾ
ͷڿɷȥ
ɾݹ٣Ȼԡ֮ű򿪣һȥ
֮ǰаһڤﱻٵòˣܶطؽûаظĻָҲܿ졣
ˮˣˮļǿ˵սľ
ϵı˰ҲˣûпֲĸоͰݵɢ˵Υƽ
ҲŷЦ˵ط˵ڤͦʺŮ˵̤ġ
Ž𵤣ҲһȷĻ̿
˭ҺԼᰡ


132 
ʮ, ϴδսȥԺʮˣζεġ
Ϊľ, ڵظɵľ, ҪöתͶ̥ʮȻ, ұֳһ˿Ϊѣ׻ͬˡ
Ͷ̥ԣֻǡǸû޳ʶͶ̥, ҲǸճɵɵġɾɷԸ⣿
⣬ܲʵ޷µҶѰ꼻ɸɵӡ
ȴʱ崫𼱡Ǻ, ħһ㶼ˡױֵ̫ڷȥοħħϢɢؾҲҪʱġ
ȶ˿ʮͶ̥ɡ
ʮ˲ӣѯҪǽͶ
ҿ, 񲻹ǻ˼Ҷ䲻ϵħ
ҪԼ顣
ɫ, Цļ򣬡ЦЦ档
Цӡ
һ飺ȥң
ס, ҵӵһ, ڤҹ֮ǳɵ֮ˣڴұضܾ
Ǿȥ˼ҡˡ
áǵҶСǰҲǸ˼, ҵ䣬ʵǲҡ
ⱲӲǰ·
̾˿ҪͶ̥ȥ˼ۻʼңʱٽһ񼣣ûʵСĸκúźţȴһЩˣȥ˴
ɫоƺ
ʮ໥һۣоһ鷳ϾҪҵͷˡ
ͼһ£˼ĺӶѾжˣ²øġ
øģҲ˵пԸĵؿ俴Щˣǵһ̽ʿܲЩ˵Ǳ̨
ʮĻüͷֱĻһڣͻȻЦ
Ȼԣô鷳λˡЦŰǰæ
ߺóʮƷʯ
æС¶ѣʮ˵׾ٵ飿
ȷʵС£Ǹ鷳
ʮƷʯķϣС鷳ԺԲˡ
ܿҪĽ屻֪ͨԴŽȥͶʱһٴȥ˵ظ
ʲô𣿡ЩģϾתͶִ̥¡
Цʲôµģ㽫ǵ֤ڳٳ޷ͻƣҲҪһء
ǵתأתһߣһ㣬һֻڹ꣬Լŵ
Щʡ
Ž˵תİޣǶͶ̥߾ͻڻҧһڣǻתԺͻʮĶˡǸ˼ңͻһƬ۳ȥǻʱһˡ
ڹأ
ʮ֮һεȥڹ˳Сɵ裬ˮ
ͻȻͱˡ

תתĻǣʥ⣬˺ֿͨ˵ֻؼء
ˣҶѰһأ
С𵤷˽ȥ
һƺӳǶע⵽ˣ˹ҶѰ꼣һֽǶߴӳק˳ݺݵĶһߡ
ʮ۲ѡ
⣬ʲôʮΪжû뵽зӦȴǶߡ
ҲЩ⣬˵ħһս֮׾ȫ߱ĹӦúǡ
ô˺ҧ˵Ķ˷Ӧ
彫ʱŷħѾͶ̥ˡ
²忴ǣ֮£Ҳϣ
ʮͷӦǿտҲĽ뿪
뿪ڤ磬·ţ֪ԭ𣿡
֪̾˿
Ϊڤ޽紴ģһЩҲµģôǶħĸӦֱӹλаˡ
ƶһȺˡֱ˳
һμ壬ĬĬЦûϵҲˡҲãϾÿһЩ
ЩΣҲزɽҪȥ˼䡣
תҲϾͻ֣ݵظǧ󣬻ǰʱȥҲð
Ϊһħ޷Ͷ̥ģֻгԺſԡ
ڳ͵ʱ䣬Ҫħ£ٶˡ
ͷ֪ģֻǻȥ˼߿Ҫĵط
ĬĬЩĽ
ЦȻˣұ㲻ȥˡæұȻȥˡҪҰæĵطҪҿֱӴұǡ
šİɡ
岻ŤŤˣԴѣȫҲ
ȥ˼һˣֵظǸңڻڣǸطһƬߵҰ֮ء
ֻص޽磬ȥһ˺ߣҵԺûϰߡ
ΪΪ֮ˣڵ峤Ǻ¶ѾһȺ
ڵ廹Сĺ֣¶Ϊ˱ӻˣڴԼ
Ҳܰȫ㼴ǴˣҲ޷Ƿų
¶˵ʵֻܶ뿪
޽ûȡߣ͵ɢˡ
ߵһطܾЩϤȴ֪ϤںδֱϡͿ̤һӡ
˹ˡ
˼Ǵк
ǿʱҲܸˣ㲻ôֻˣ
طʱǻҵģҲ֪ǵʱͣʲôʱ
忴ԺﳤǿϹ˸ӣЦˡ
ǰ˵᳤޳һò˼ءһԽԽӵģҵǿʼڴˡ
ǹСʱѾˣΪѪΪ˾ȥϻĹˣλСˣĵط
̫࣬ҪԺˣڵ
ʱ䳤ô
Ϊܺ棬طʱǻҵģôӲһһС
˼Ľ֮£п̽ܡ
ȻʱǻҵģĶǰһ˳ǰչļ䡣
Ҫ˼ϸһ뿪ʲôʱǻ˵죬Ϊʲôûпİ˼˼ά͡
߼ʵǽõģֻҪס궼϶ͺˣ˲Ҫ֪ôҲع׷
岻Щϻ˼Χǿ˿пȻ
һιȥˣϻҲˡ
ӻϻ뿪Աߵ޸塣
޸һϺм죬ϺЦЦ
ˣǷǰյСӡ
СӺСʱǰɣѾ˿ҪϺڼ̳߷ĴУ޸ΪЩ»Ұڳһҡ
޸תһȦȥ˰װɽ
ֻһδ󵱼ҵĲɽˣ˵ȥ壬ʲôʱö֪
ߵ˹³ǡ
³һ˼ҵİͦóԵģЩǵǸط̵ʱһֹŹֵĸоͻȻЦ
ʱǨ³ǻǹ³ǣ³ǵ˲ˣ³ǵϵҲˡ
뿪ֱ޳
̾˿˳ȥҪܲܰææǿ϶ģΪڵʿһ޳ǾԵǿ
ѹЩޣְæЩʧˡ
ڳ
忪ڣӦЦǸ
޷˾BﱧһӣɫҴҵڸ·סԺǿյĺĻ
ѣչһ¡ȥȥ
屧źֽŽӲţ֪Լôӿ̫ˣԲͻᱻ۶Ƶġ
屧źӣţԱߵ˺»çײĽӸˡ
˾BҲ֪ȥʲôһߺü춼ûл
ڼ˸طЩ飬⺢ӺܹɣΪ˶֣ιԺ󣬺Ӷܹɡ
ͻȻ뵽꣬ʦִ꣬һǧȥˣˣ
Ѿأǳʿ
岻֪ûȥ̽Щ飬ÿ˶Լ·ԼԵ֣ɢԵ־ˡ
ҲǿԵֻʱǳġ
ţĺֿ
βǶˣˡ
æҵİѺչ˺ãոһյšȥȥĹ˾B
üŴߴٹ˾BЩЩʯˡ
ֻܴźڹš
ݸЩңѹ϶һֱݣ˴ꡣ
źȥ˱ĵطϱߵһСɽˮʲôطôϷҲǷ
˾BϢԺϷ
ôҲҪ˼Ҳǡ
ֻȥˣֻ໿޵Ӥ߻ˣһĿںס
ЩΣС޺ףʱΧ˿Ӿˡ
Ҳסһν͡
Сȴܣñ˼ףԼһҲУֻãһֱߣô϶ס
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôСЩѹ
ĲסҲܰװռ˼ĸ׵ݣֻÿһᷢʱ򶼽һ顣
С죬˾Bˡ
һҲס
С˵˾Bȱߣȱס𣿡
˾BűסȣͷСӣЦЩΣѺڻ
˾BţҰҲס
ʹ˾BԵɡ
˾B˵˵⺢Ӻ㻹ǱءҲҲǴң˽⡣
ͷЩȷʵ̫˽⡣
˾BǰĸѾ֤ˡݶˣˡ
죬£ĸܷ𣿡
ܡΪѾ׿סݣĸװ˳չš
˵ͷ˼ڹ˾BС޵ϿһߣϤúܣҶѰ꼾͸еԵߣۡ


133 
˾B嶢, Ҳ֪Ѿ²ˡ
żεЦ˵Ҳ֪ҺܹЩס硭
㲻ҪҼ𣿡һС޵ˡ
˾BЦչ˵úˣߡһ, и㲻ͦõ𣿡
𣡡嶼Ц, ڹ¼ҹһ
˾BţֻħȥԺ, ħǱ߶ƵƵһΪħ뿪裬ŭ𷢵޽磬ħսҪʼˡʵǲӡ
ǡԥһᡣ
˾Bɫɶ, ׷˵ôãһʱ䣬æɢ˵ͻߡ
̾˿
˾Bʱ, һ죬һ죬ߵʱ˵ȡ𣿡
㵱ңҲ֪ʲô͸ҵȡ˸⡣
˾B˵ͷͦõ, Ǳ߽ɡ
Ĳ߰廹ǾԼӲ̫, ο⻹ǺѰԵߵĺӡ
˾BΣĲܴߡϾ;Ҫսˣźʲô
ȷʵ, Թ˾B, С⡣
ͽܰɡ廵˼, Ҫ޶ңҾͽܺˣƽ׵İһ֡
ͷ壬ţʦ~
šʲôʦһͽܣϻ׼һ°ʦ
֮ӣߵĴġ
СͰ⺢Ӻᣬֻ潣ԵĶô⡣
ЩΪѣڽ»Կ
⺢ӵ츳ʵ̫ˣֻһܼסпһܸͻСûô棬ֻѧԼڻͨȥоĶ
Ĵһζ
ⶼ𵤺ˡ
⡣
崫ȥܿھͶһˡ
ϿһִС񳤵óˣһվ֪Եˡ
Ҫ£ͽܵĽܺá
ҪӤˡɶ

ҡҡͷЩɥʦͽޱ粻ܿơ
ޱҲûһˡһ²һ磬߰ɡȥһ
ʦˡ
Ҳ£ȥɽһˣ˼һоɽЩƺ궯ˣҪȥӹһ·ӡ
嵽˲ɽɽڵľַһɴ￪ɰɡ
Ѿϵͳõȫļ䣬֪ԼСʱһֱļңڻؼҲ
ײ˳ţҲ̳УˣžͽвڣֻǲŰˡ
޽ͻȻһɣڴֱ֮̽߱һλһЩҪ˼Ҳˡ
Ŵһ죬оƮ˰ȵĵطҲѵûһЩ
崫ͽܻϢȥȴٳûлӦɽȥˡ
ڼ֮ҵ⣬ⱻԻпš
СҲס㣿嶼ҪЦˣǸֱԽ㲻֪ͨô򵥵󷨣ıͽܾȻ߲
ⷢʦˣգߵֶ̫ƻ
Ƕڰе˼סСϵˣɴ󷨼ӴҪһס
忴Ի󣬲Ц
û֮ǰ󷨼򵥵òУֻҲֻǼ򵥵Իǣɻڰ󷨷˸죬˲¶
ģھȻ˸̵棬ǳ󣬶ҾȻס
˵ֻһˣǵé®СҲסġ
׾پͰˣͽܴ˳
ⱻʦȳԺѸٵĽĻ֮һġ
ˣ˵˵ɡôˣ˸ط£ӴȡһƣƷš
Ա۰ͰͿţʦˣĺƵʧϸһһЩĺӣаץ
аʱ岻ֱӼ˶٣ֻû뵽Ŷ̶̼ǧ꣬Ȼаðͷˡ
ûоЩ£һϾȻŭԹ飬ĳֱӸ˹ͱаסˡ
㰡ЦţҪѵ³çֻ˳һھȥ
⿴ʦ֪ԼЩҲ֪ʦ̫ˣԵͷһţһԡ
ˡͷɥģЩӶȳ𣿡ʡ
˵ͷȳˣʦһʷǳ⣬ҩƺܣǴ֮塣
΢ü֮壿
ⲻ̫ð찡룬֮ĺӣ츳ܸߣܰȻߵġ
˾ƺ˶ƮĻ꣬ͽܵȥ
ȥӤãɢΪЩ޼ҿɹĺǽĻ
忴ǸСӣͺ͵ǿһ
ʦ𣬾ӡ
忪ۿȥȷʵǴ֮塣
棬㲻аޣͨҲǳĶģ⺢ӽȻѡ
ˡʦŰɡţѾһˣһҲ޷
ѺӱӲŵġ
ˣͻȻЦСʱҵһαҲС
ͻȻԼ£Ŀ壬ʦҲ𣿡
ǡЦЦиĸǷˡ㽵ǲܴ뿪ҲҰͻرңֻ˿ɿи
ЦĿϲ˾ʦ𣿡
Ҳ뵽λ˼ͻȻЦΪʦһλѣպ֪ˡ
ֹţǿҲס
ҪĿףôأ
Ǹ׵ģͲôõʦˡ
Ǹӻزţ֪ʦƲ£ɽһˣʦȻһš
Ҳɢޱ˲ϯӡ
ǴʦˣҪúչʦã֪𣿡ѱǸӸúչʦá
ʦʦ𣡡˵ˣʿ뷲˲ͬڶоԼûôأȻҪʼˡ
˼죬뵽һ£Ҵȥ塣
£⿴ʦڶãŲࡣ
⣿ʦһ
˹ʦôǺȾƣ
ƱľǺܺãһҲ֪˭Ľʦǧ
Ļ˺ð죬ųٳٵ˵һ䣺ʦʱһλ¡
һӾ͵ɴ˫ۣʦй£ǵһ˵
أ
ЦʦһκȾƣͬºµĺơǵо綾ƣΨһ;ˡ
û뵽֣Ҫο䣬ſڲ֪˵Щʲô
ͻȻЦô⸱飿
ⲻЦʲô˼ֻǼʦЦˣһľʦڶ
ʦ𣬵Ϊʲô
һΪƺúȡ

𣿡ķĬ
ⱻܿſˡ
ȵڶ죬ʦΪʲô
һҵʦʵʦҹʦýʲô֡ܲһֱ޵Ľɡ
û˼Сʱҽޡ
Ǿͽɡ
֪ΪΣǸСϿҶѰ꼵Ӱӣȴ׾뵽ǵδһ޷˳ȻĶȹһ
˼
˶ҪǰϱĹʵǷŲ¡
˵ͷ֪ʦлʦ
ֶһӣûо飬һٱһٵġ
һγ䵱ݣӹСޡ
ϻۣݴϻȴʲô£̫С̫⸱֮ݴϻۡ
صȥһ⺢Ӹĸ
ʾΪ
ǸͨҲˣǴ֮壬˼ٸ֮ﶼмصģθģ
һ˶Ρ
̾ϢҲֻˡ
ĴϻǺͨĺһɳˡ
Ǵ֮壬ѹסˣͷĳ£ǲʹǱа֡
Ϊҹ䡣
ֻܼӹһӡҲܳ׸֮Ӱ죬ӡȥ㲻
֪ǽޣʦĵȻϣͽܼ̳Լ²Уͽܲ£˵Ṣڻ
㲻ܰɣ׳ϵĽʱĴ֮ҲڲסˡԴ˿úףֵҲܼ̳ҵĽǸڣҲ¡ֻϣܺúó󣬽˳졣лҪģϾ޽磬в˵ĸ⡣
磬Цҿˣӻţ˭Ҵ⣿
ˣ·ȥߡܱӻһʱδܱӻһʱҴ֮ĽٻЩġ
ô㣿
˼ȥ˸ȥҩȿзӾ


134 
ȥҩ, ڲŴ
ʵϲŲûʲôشҪһĿǰֻԱΪǸСС, Խˡ
ȥϷҩ, ˵ʱеļҩȣ䶼̫, ǱҩΣڵϦž
δҲˡ
ҩ˼գһҩȵСӳð춫
ӭȥЦʵλСҩͯҩȺʱղˣ
ϹѾ, ٹδΣʲôʱ򿪹ɲˣҲ֪
ܷͨһ£Ҽٹѻﻹں˯, СͽӹȲȥˣҲʱҩҽ뻵ǵĹأʵ⺢ӵĲ鵢󲻵á
Сҩͯ⺢ʲô⣬źӹֿɰġ
, Ǻð, Ҵȥͬ´ʦһ죬ܲСͿ⺢ӵûˡ
ã鷳Сҩͯˡ˼öƷʯ, 鷳
, ڵݵλڲŵ, ŵҩȣҩɸҽʦͽܾξˡ
Ȼκ¶ΪˣҲ鷳ˣԼ¾Լ
˼գСֺͯǺǵܳ´ʦͬˡ֮ǰȥ
ȡ
仯ܴ󡣡·ϸ̾š
СҩͯĿǰҩȣ
ǧˡǧǰ£ͻȻΪǵ飬ȻԺи˳
Сҩͯͷǧ˰ǰǳ֮߱ս𣿡
ȻǾġôˣ
ʦ˵ҩҲǳ֮߱սУҩЩš
뵽ʱ£аŰƬ½ֲɱ¾ҩȵÿһλҽʦʱ㳲вҩʦҽ޶а֮֡
һЩΪ˵Ӣǡ
ȵҩȵĴã巢ǧǰûʲô𣬵ҲǴãҪªࡣ
ǸʱĴǼ㲻СԺӣһͳ˴á
װģģ֮ǰࡣ
ţСҩͯȥ֪ͨλ´ʦ
ҩȵÿһλӻǰ඼죬֪ڵĹ֮˻ǷǼеĹˡ
ĵţһһŮޡ
忴м죬кûŮޡ
ǸŮ޶һᣬǾϲʵ壬𣿡
˵ͷǣ㡭
갲갡
ꡣȻꡣ֮ǰż뵽꣬ûҹʱͻȻ廹Ǵġ
֪Ϣȴ֪ġ
˵ǰˣ֪λãûϺ񡣡
ЦҶûа쿪磬Ҫ񡣡
ʣЩһֱҩȣ
ûʱ常ǴȥħһΣգԽҩȡ
常ˣеѹɫįҶԲǡ
̱˵ǸʱҲû취ˡ갲ο
СҩͯƽﲻЦĴʦ㣬ٿһĴʦ㣬ܾⳡ̫ˡ
СҩͯĬĬ˳ȥ
ҩǡСҩͯߺ갲ſš
ѻС޸⺢ӣǸġ
˵ˣҲǧˣӣ뵽Լĵ
̻ǰơСӲ鿴һ֮壿
ǰˣҲ뵽ҩȡ
ֻΪ֢֮ҲһЩҽޣȲҩⷽΪɿ
֮ʹ֮嶼̰Ĵڣ岻ˣֻҩȡ
һᾡȫġҲұ֤ܳ׾
ͺãһнɡ
ĻҽҲܹſֽˡ
ڵ갲ѾǵǸ˵ߵСѾͷˣҩҲܶһ档
ûаҩȣԿ
ٹļδԺ֢֮Ѿõ˸ơ
ҽްɡЩδ̫ʹ⣬첻֢֮ҽϷ֮ԵĿ¶ѡ
Ҳ˵ЩȵպԶһЩҰ˵Լѡɡ
ûмͽܻʦЩ⣬ܹ̣߱Ҳôˡ
ٹļδҩȴһʱ䣬ʱ״ʵѾ࣬׻СҪʱʱ̿̽е
ֹ˰꣬׼ŵʱҵҪһȥ뷨
ţ㲻ҩ𣿡
ùˡЦҲȥ߿
ǺãȻ˾Ǿ͸߰ɡ뿪ҪϷ۵ʱ忴С˹˵˻Űſ
峯ͶϷʵЩΪ飬ֵ̣겻ƺҲ仵ˡ
㣬Ϊβ£
ҡ̾˿ΪˣҲֿһʱ䡣̣Һ̫ˡ
ô˵屧ţЩ˯
ҿųģǧ꣬Ų٣ĵʵڹȥ
ͻȻЦˣʿãǽǶʱһССԺԲˡ
Ǿ͵ȵʱ˵ɡǲȥЩ顣
岻ǵˣҲö˵ʲôȤ⡣
ȵ˲ţ⣬һݼ
ʦ𡣡˼Ժ󣬾͹Թߵһԣ廳ӹʦá
갲ڲŴ˼꣬ÿչʱµҲһԣ갲һѧҽ
갲һЩĶҲһ㣬岻ð갲ڲţһʯȥ߿
갲ʱҪģҩȴ̫ˣõ֪Ǻģڵȵҩһж죬뿪ҩȳ
ȥɡʲôʱ湻ˣˡͻؼҰɡԶļҡ廹һŵƣŪġ
ɽһ˲ŷ֣ŶеʲôûС
갲ԺΪ˸õչʼѧҽ
˵һҸһʱˣʦʦߣŸƽꡣ
ֱʮʱϷͻȻϢ
ħսı߾һЩСģĦħ޽緢СΧս
ɢ˵ѾִսҲսǰ׼
֪ħ׶Ҫɱħ壬֪޺ħҪսʱԶӧҪȥħս
ȴһ仰˻ȥ
ħսϢңԪӤھ͹ȥ졣
񲻹𵤺ڣѾûɶˡ
Ѿǽ𵤺ʿѾʤ½ǧǧˣʵһ²ҪС·ʼߵĿ޷ߵ··ܵô
룬ҲԼںܲϾᵤ겻Ͳ˽𵤺ڡ
ʦǺʱᵤģ
ң룬ˣȥɡ


135 
ʼµʱ, ֻˣʦʹʦ㡣
ϲʦ𣬻ʦһоҩ, һΪԼžҽš
ֱһЩ, Ŵʦɽȥʱ򣬲˼˵, ʦĽһʦķ緶
Ż׹ԼǸڡ
ȥԺ壬ΪʲôԼ
ͽҲ, ܶˣǰ˵ʡ
˵Ժ徲ͽܵĴ𸴡
˺ü, ۿ壬һ˵ʦĻ
ʦҪѧҽʦһѧҽ
šãʦҽŵϣڶǴ, ޺òã
á̲ס˳, ڴ֮ϢеսľԼСʦʦ
С, ˾׽Ҫο
Լ, ſĻʦ, ҿԷ𣿡
ȻԡôҽһϿ϶ߵóԶʦһòãʦͽһҽ
۷ŹĿǴʦأ
ʦ㽣ǲźôǸڣʦʦͽƵȥºòã
áһȾͦԲʦģֱ֣ʦԵĶȤףɵÿһ˶Լϲ¡
ѧϰʱǳ̿࣬ҹҲ˶٣ڵ¯Ծ˯ˡ
ںСʱ廹ط䣬ʱʦҪһ˯
ӻСһ˯һ˯ɡ
㽲¡ǰ֪һЩͯ£ȥĺ˵˸ְ汾
ʦĻ𣿡һ˫ˮĴ۾壬š
ᡣֻǹ£´Ǽٵġ
ʲôģ
Ǵ˵еˣںﺣ鲼Ҫȥҵɲס
ʦ𣿡
ʱ
ʦͶ񣬲ڴʦ֪ǧǰˡ
Ĺ壬ʦƭˣ
ôƭˣоƱԱţСĵҲ˹ȥʦ˵˵ʦƭʲôˣ
һ߳Сһ߿ʦΪʦ˵ǧǰˡʦ𲻿ܼ塣
ǻûʱʦǰ
𣿡
ȻģʦʱƭˣСԴˣԶԱˣҴȥɽ¿
ɽֻһߣ˾Ϳʼ˳֮·
ȥ˼伲ࡣ
֮·ҲˣܻᱻƭֻǱ۸ԳС߿
ڼ仹갲
갲ʱѾʮˣǸͤͤĴˡ
갲е֪ݸֳˣ޳ٴαϽȥ
壺ʦǸط걬޳Ϊʲôղأ
汲޳ˣˡǰߣָðᵽδȥأ巴סˣĬſʼ˼
ݸ˵󲻴˵ССɢ޺ܶ࣬ǵоԴڸɭ֣׬ɭֵԴȻײߵġ
¸˵ˣ׹
갲ҹҺܾǰݸֻһСӣм˼ңһԻԺɭ޵һЩƤëóȥ׬˲ʯҼһѧٺɢҲԵӪö֮ͳݸ
޳ҲԹ޷ˣǶ㲻ǻԹѾõݸɢ֮ĳޡ
ֺȻӦãΪʲôҪЩˣ
ĬĬһԵ갲ЦŽͣġ޳⣬ǳеġԻӪҲģ޷ԻɵݸҲġҽޣҽ޵ûи˵ƶ񡣡
̫
·Ͽ˵ޣ𣿡
ͷ
·ϼ˵ʿ𣿡
վɵͷ
Цˣھ֮ǰȥһǺǻ𣿡
⡭ҡҡͷᡣ
ˣ߰ɡ
ͨԺͲڳɣݸκ˶Ҫæµ
ݸ޳ƽϢԺʦͽ˱׼뿪
갲ȴҲûʲôһģűչһʱ䣬Ǻʦͽ˵
ȥһ˼䡣
ʦ޽ʱ̫һʦĿ뷨˼䣬ʦռ˼ҵһЩϢ
֪ԺʦһȻʧӣ
ʹʦ𣬲ʦʲôҲû˵
ǰһͨĵҽʦͽ˼ΪҽΡ
÷˵ЩƺͲʹܼ򵥣ʦȴ鵤ҩֻ÷еҩġ
Ϊʲôֱ鵤ȻһҪţܻ׹ǵϢ˳ȥʦ˼߾Խ鷳ˡ
Բʦ𡣡
Ƕ˹ٱ׷ʵϲһ۷ܰ쵽£廹Ǵ÷˵ֶڴСﱼߡ
ͬ˵ԲҲȷʵԵԼıáº͵ͷֻҪס˺Լ˻ޣ̰ġ
֮ҲܾˣǴ֮Ѫ⣬ǹżеϼ
ϣͽһ˵ҽޣҲϣͽһҪߵԼΪȥˡ
ң֮һ¶ȥͽƽƽճȻᱻơ
ܰЩ鷳£ϣͽܴӿʼͲҪźá
»ʦģ֪ʦһжΪã벻ͨĵطͲȥ룬ԹԵʦĻͺˡ
ȥ˼һˣ̾˿ҶСתĻʳڻֻһС壬ʳƻҪĹ⾰
ߣȼٻ
˼սҲͣԴ֮Ҳˡ
Űǰȥˡ
һûţõҩϡ
һΪҽ·ˣ׷˹һյĹ£һʦΪʲôϵĸҽΪ
ʹҩԾȣⳡӵ̫̫ѸͣܶʺϣǸոոϵ߾Ѿ˶ˡ
һǣһѩ֮£ǳ˿ճǡ
ʦ𡣡վڳأǵĹ¼ſտ͵Ŀ޳
屧סúӣѾˡ
ʦʦ𡭡絽һЩͺˡһЩ
ڿʱﲶ׽һЩͬѰϢΪҶѰ꼰ԵߵԵʣܹĲ׽ϸ΢ħ
ħսͼѾʼ˼ˡ
ûҶѰѹƵħ壬Ѿ׷ŷˡ
һ಻壬ķҲһʣµĵ̣ħһţ֮˵ħ㿪ʼ޽ˡ
ֻû뵽ħȻԷ˽綯֡
ħһ޳ܱӣֻǰڤҹħЩħŹɵĹ
޵һͻȻͣţʦ𣬺Сڿޣ
ò̫УϣΪ֪߳ٵʦܺúò̽һ¡
̽ȻһСľҵһСޡ
ȥһٲĸˣﱧӡ
кѾûŮϱ÷෢ϣڷϸ΢Ŀ
ϽޱСʱ·óС޴ϣѺӱԼת¶ȴ˹ȥ
Թԣ޲ޡ˺ˣûˡѾܺĺźˡ
óһЩιСӡ
ȥ鿴һǸ˺ѾȥӤ̾˿ۿ죬ȾߣƴѺû뵽ѩͻȻˡкһЩѾˡ
ѻĺιԹ˯ţĻ̾Ϣţ˹ʰ˰ɡ㶢һЩˣǻš
ͷȥһЩ˹ڳһӣЩ˶һһǱ
ԺǸСӤȥ
⿴ʦȥһִ˸ӻһ֣Ȼ˵ĸп
갲ڱչأӤ̫СˣҲֻҹԲСһһغˡ
ҲҹΧСתѧı¶ˣܰС޸˻
ⲻͨҽﲻæɽȥһЩΪ̫࣬ڲ⿪˸ط
ܿСѾˣɫ˺ܶ࣬Ҳð۷ˣȷʵܿɰ
ĸǣǼƷϵҶС㵱һ
ۿٴƽС޽úôźӡץȥɽúý̵һ
İ£ɹԪӤڣЩ⣬ʦܰӤΪʲôʦǰҪȵأ
ҵʱٺɽĹơ
ʱδǿΪҲǿռӰˡ⣬δʱ䶼ʲô
ʦ˵ħͽȥħս
뵽˼䷢Щ£ħսȥˣȥ˼һˡʦ˼ʱħĺۼȥơ
ħħôȥ˼䣿
ȥߣԼֿʼչء
ΪڻиСޣÿ±չô졣
Ҵ壬ʦ⺢δȡʲô
̳ǣȡְɡ
̡С׼뿪ȴס
Ҳ̫ƽˣ±ŴţҪɽ
ǣʦ𡣡


136 
ڵС, ɽѹ
ֱǲڱչؾںȾƵʦ鳤ĽӴʦ㣬Ķʦ㡣
, ֪, ԭųʦλӣЩԺһЩ, Ȼһλҽ޳ϡ
갲صʱ򣬿ǰһķӡ
ĵһӦǣִļ˸ӻ
˽㣬ÿ
갲ûüӵ, ȱС޸ڨˡ
˽㣿갲Լı֣СһнҲ
̱סĴȣ˽㣬ÿģ
ǲŵĵ, ˭갲ôδ㣿ļҵܳˣ
ҲǲŵĵӣҴδ㡣˽˭
˶˶ݲ֪˴˭갲˳ְպҪȥţһȥɡ
Ҳƴ, Űʦǧ, ɲȥ
갲ǰſˣʦܳ㲻ɣôôȥ
ɲǺ, ʦһӵ̰Եˡ
ڨЦŰˡ
廹ΪԼİ, ͵갲Ͻ˽
갲ϰŵһЩаܵ, Ҳ̲סôˣˣ
ѷЩЦһϵͳһЩƬΡ
СʱͰʦһӱˣǰЩòռˣѼеĳӸ̳˼²깤깤ͱǸСӸˡ
ڶˣʦ𿴵ӵĲлҶΪʲôֱˡ
Ҳš
⺢ӵǺãͦõģ˲갲úܿЦҲ
Σ̫˵㣬ϴֻһ˼ȥħ϶ǸֱۣЩҩСûܹҴܡ
Сǰ氮ֵʱСʱĽأֻϧûл档
Ҳϧѻƿ˵ţŷħǲᰲֵģսչǲֵġֻʦҲףһЩӻ
ʲôܰæģ갲
ͷСҴ㽻϶죬ŵմĿǰУٶһͷҪ۵úòˡŵȥ㽫Źһ¡
갲尲
Ҫ׼Щ
ԺӣѲ߶ӣִãвЩҲҪٰķɡ
ССɣһڡ
Ҳŵǵһڣһ˵СˡĿǰͰɡٴģȽ뱸ǡ
á갲˵ͷ˸ִ³ϵλãȻҪµġ
갲ҩȾǹ´ʦ㣬ִ³Ҳǻعϱаˡ
Ƹ״½һЩҷ䳤ϵƸ룬ɢҲû¡
һڣ½½Щʿ˹
ǽǧĺʿ
һЩʿ˽ţǲ֪ĵһڲڣ˵ǵ߱ɾɣʿҪĽɾɣǽƸ
¶棬̫ϲֻ֣һںԺơ
갲壬ԺѾ׼ˣƸĿ䳤Ҳˡ
һŮޣֻԪӤڣҲǰӦƸˡ
˵ɣŲ
ңǸޡ
갲СʱͰ߽Ӵһʱ䣬Щ겻ľ飬ҲЩ˽⡣
壿ĬĬ߽ǿͣûΪͽ˾֮ġ
갲еˣ㽫λ޿䳤ϰá
ĿǰֻһСӣ̡
̣ѧһͱδıʦ˵㣬ÿҳˣҾȢ㣡
죬ŶСʦõİ
ʦҴˣˣءƨƨۣ
ۣ㻹֪ۣĽʹεȺһʡĵͽܣ
Ŷ󣿡һѶλ䳤ϣ˴͸÷ôôͽǹܲˡ
ű̵ƨƨ۾ֱӡ
úÿСǸƯСӣ˼˶ҪҲǿɿɰġ
޳Ͽ˿ͻȻЦ˵ÿģ
ʲô̿޵һһģʱʱӡ
Ц˵㳤ˣȢҡ¿ɵ棿
Ȼġ
ã֡
ͷʦƲƲ죬ȥͳϴ򹳹
̲¶֪֪ŵҲ֪ˡ
ڴŵһλСʦ㣬͵Ϸ䳤ϡ
иӲСʦ㣬ÿץ칷߰˷ǳӡ
λСʦ㳤ÿɿɰַǳ𣬻Ϊŵӣ滹ʦԴۺ죬һҲܴ󷽣۵Ӻŵӡ
ͽܣĹɶ£ģһСڣġ
СͽҲôĵʱÿγ棬˸ɽС·߳úÿһС
ãͽȻɫԣĺͽܡ
˵̵ڣΪĴʻ࣬Ҳݸо
ֹһʱ䣬λ޿䳤ϾɶԼűչؽס
Ǳ
һʷı꣬һҷۣȥ·СģֵǳԺҲţʼջӭ㡣
лš
ˡ
̵ڶ֪ҵ壬Ҫųһߡ
ЦͽܻͽܣΪʦŵʱô᲻ã
̴˸ãʦ~۰Ͱ͵Ŀ塣
һǸʯĳˣοһִͽܡ
˰ˡȥŲܣΪʦܴȥһ档
̹ϰѳϸˣʦϾ׽ÿòֺ
Ŵдʦ㣬жʦ㣬ףֻҪʦԺ־ͺˡ
ÿ춼úֱ֣ܿɢ˷һӢҪٰ콣ޱԣʤһޡ
̲ȥ֣ʦͽ˱ȥˡ
ڴϣ̿ǸⱼߵĴʦ㣬ʦһһ̨ս
µһޡ
ͷ̣۵׵ľޣЦ
ܶǰҶС
ǻļգǳϲôһЧҶСѵþһ죬һνǸСһЩָһ̽ҶСľžޡ
ѡҲΪһҶСۡ
ĬĬ̵ԴҪ
ţ
̱ù࣬ȻĺӻǺ̰棬ǺȥȽϣǺ̫ˡ
ɽͷҴܣӸ
ҪʮΪʲôһʲ⣬屾ѧϰһУԼûôϵͳѧϰ̫鷳ˣɴʦһ
ҲʲʺϣרŸһǿĽɱߣҲĽ˺Լֻһ
ڽҲ츳ܿͰѧЩĶѧ˸飬ʣµЩΪ̫ڸˣҲû㽻̡
Ϊʦ׾Ͻһ
֪ԺŰ̸ץߡ
ˡֻҪѧĶʣµ˽̲ġʦҲͬˣΪʦҲûн̹ЩԼġ
ϡͿҲΪ̵š
̺ʦʦĿġ
һֱڴʦѧԶܳΪ̣Զֻǵһ޵ѧϰߣ츳ܳΪڶ⣬ǲҪģҲʦʦ뿴ġ
̾Լˣȥʦ
̶꣬ʧܶΣÿζԲаܸա
ʦϵˣ̲ס̾Ϣʦǰ㲻ǰ氡Ҳ̫ˡ
ֱ͵͵ʦ㴦Լϵ˿ڣףʦöԴʦҲ˺С
½֮ľ𣿻Ǹҽޡ
ȥˣѾܶһˣҲɽһԪӤ޷ƣֻһ·ӣɽԼĵ
æµҲ𵤺ڣɽˣԶһȥ硣
ȲҪװᣬһƣ̺ԼȫʢʱڵνС
ǰѸ鵤ҩʦ׼ˡ
忴ͽܶʾó
мǣǡȻҲҪ˸۸ˡ廹Сʱͷ
ʱѾһˣҪֲ̧
һۣͽǶôˡ
̶ɽԺһѡ˱չء


137 
ֹһꡣ
ڸŵϿεʱ, ͻȻյʦصϢ
ϽȸǷѧ漴żŸ˹ȥ
δ˼ʦ
ʦ𣡡Сܼӭ, Թ, ȴܿ챻
Ϊʦչ˶ã˶ɢ߱˵
, һһʮˡ
ʱˡϸֳЦ⡣
δЦݣʦЦһʦȻҲЦǿɬġ
ʦ⻶һЩ
չ˺, Ҫȥһ˼䡣
ʦյӣٵȼ𣿡
ţȴֻõһ䣺㿴Űɡ
̾˿, ټţȻֻɻʦ㼸⣬ʦóڲμӸֽ£Ҳֻп䳤ϣŵĳֻϤԳϡ
ֻܴŵӵἸһ㡣
˼, Ļڳˡ
ڿոνӽ, ǡ˼䴫񼣣˴㡣
ڻʵ۲һλʦΪʱҪʦ
ʦ͸, ȴһۿ͸, һ˾ĴӣͷԺͳ˴ʦ
񲻹߽, ޽ΪƵģڷ˽ΪǶģ߽ܵʵס
ԭֻ˳ʦ֮λӽתͶ̥֮ҶС㣬϶;зմȾ޹֮˵
㲻ˣ˵õĵ㵽ΪֱֹӽӴԭ͡
ɾɾ
д󳼰ԼǸ߸ϵĻˣۿŷĹʦ˸ӣҿԵŮģŵˡ
㱾УȥɽҲ޷㺦㡣
ûжÿֻѹŴӾԼ˵漴ˡ
屻ӭ˻ȥµĹʦʵۿһ֪Ǹ汾µˡ
嶼࣬һҪĹϣŹʦ
ڹ¥дҲöڹ¥һǺü¡
ʵۺһЩ͢سҲ֪ʦƢϲ֣ҴԲȣֻڴУԽɲˡ
һӹʦҪأλ¶ˮúˡ
岻֪Щģ֪Ҳ޷ΪһںЩ¡
ʵԾֻһЩشĹʦ壬ûʵǰԤˡ
ʦĪǽ֣
嶼ָ㣬ֻ̧ͷһʵ۵ˣ֣С˻
ʵһƽ֮
˰
ʵж˶ܻͺá
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