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һĨϤģİףҲۡ

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ճƮ۶аĻҪʰˣ뿴Ŀá
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˵֮òһƽƽʯͷҲܰʯͷĥɰı߽ǡ˵ơ


2 ĴĻ
ҩ䣬Ϊ䭲鿴һ˿ڣѽڹϴúܸɾֻ˿ڻѪϷϡ
˵ֹӧϣҲ˿ڣܷһԣ
濲û̴Ӧ
̴鴮˵ȥ
ϣҽѶʮأ䲻ҺͼҸȣЩ硢ʦҲϷģˡˣ˿ڵȣ¶˵һ䡮óػᷢȣ˿ԽԽã˿ڶŧˣֽﰾա
꣬ͷ㡣
Сֹ
䭼룬млֽ֮Ҳͷλˡ
СҲҡҵŰ壬Ըˣ벻Ҫ֡һ濣ֵֻۼ
Цأ㲻ںŮܲף
˵ȻӦԼǰаϰ˵ϷƱˣЩˡҪǱΪԼˮô죿
Ȼǰġһ㶼û¹찡
СĻȴæɫ¶Թûð֮⣬νҽ߸ĸģҲܼȡԣҲ˵ҵǼȣֻǡŮб𡭡ҵ˼˵ҲǺŮֻ֮أν´Ȩ
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һ̾Ȼתм޷ϧ
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ˣס濴˿ϲĽͣҽߣӹߣҲǾ֮ͨˣضԡ
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һʱ䣬ڵֱ濰źһУѽڵͬ¸뿪ŴӾϲѹ
һлζһůãһ߲뿪ĽŲ
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ã׵ɿأ˿ϵĲֿʼѪˣյֽоѾս˿ˡֻܼǡ
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濵ָصظֽıԵᣬ˼Զ
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룬濵һ˵ɺϡ֮ҪԵ֣һԵЩԵ֡
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Ȼ֪п϶ˮڶࡪ۵Ḷ́ͺ͡رϱߣ
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ǿŤĹ
ǣνؼǵȰѹƭΪСԼǣ
ʲô֮Ե޷ݣͲǸа
Ļǣܡڶ


3 ֹ֮
ڽ澲У˹ա
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֮ͨڲշ֮жѽڲڣԱһСѾ̷
ʮСѸڵĲˮУٵ㱭㱭Сľ̹濺Ϳǰ
Щнš
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Ѿѽڣֻ͸֪濵ʵݣǱŴɡɵ
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༸λӺʦֶǣҲǽϺպر濵²ˡࡣ
ųơɽѩࡱѩѪгɱšֻȡ֣ûндš
ǽõα͢ίΣȥԭμӸıᡢѹȺۣҲȥѩɽΪ̫ӲɽѩΣѣһԷ⡰Сĺ졭˵ѹСؼ̳濵²
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ʹõźšֹ硱ֹ硱
Щպգ˳ơֹ罣Ԣ黯аǰùؾء
ֹ罣ǰţǻſţ·ķӶʵʵʲôԭѩɽϹ֡°ܽ
Ŷ°ֱܽӱˣŶ˱ᡣ
ԵģǷǵĵӡЩǻԼĵܱѩޡˣѪϴһĳ衣
ϧٳûԸ̤ʯ
ֻܼϣͽˡ

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ΪۼԡչءĽʱʧĿǲ֪㡣
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֮꣬Ȼһһĸ
ֱףֿ濣ΪŵӡӲʺãТ˳ִԼĲƲ綼Ҫ濣ǰˣҲøβʱһӣԼµĲҵת濡
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ͼ֮䣬δҲûʲôꡣӦǽݱܿԣۼ
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ᣬҽһǿȺǿѧϰˡС游ѧϰģѾܵΪʩ롣
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Խ˽⣬Խ˼ж
ô꣬δȻŭЦģԴǳǰ˼֣ȫ֣ʤ
˵ǸӣǶ㡰ۼΪ˽ˣ˽彡״ˣͬʱҲһ
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רעҽƴĦĵĿףó濽ᱻںεٲ֮أ
˽濵ĶɣڵһʱȰǰϴԻŵĴ϶δ϶һСԼʮŮ޵ͷ
׼ȹϵϣѣԸˡ

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׺Ȼ濻æ̧ͷѵ
濶ڲ㸸ۼ糤δֱ֮ԶοһΪ롣
Īһɸжͷ
ֵ֮Բͬ⿵ϴĻðңΪ
˵ŷ˱ӣת⣬ӭŴԵĺӷ縺ֶ
紵޼һƳȴڲסĴԼˡ
Ȼϴ֣ٹʽԶޢ껪ʼԿΪΣǷڽ޹أҲǷϰ޹ء˫ĿԲȴСǰʱ޶ãұϹϹ
ֲһΪλеŮ۷æվʵػҡҲܼ
ֶ㱭űף΢΢ס
׸жò޳
׷濣ʵҡ
븰ȴֻһ粻ֲܿĴ򡣼Ȼ˱ģֻĹרҽгһΪκۼ
׺ɵˡ
û˵ݲСѾԾڰͰݲ衣
硣
Ȳ֮˵ȻһЦ
ӷ쪣ڷƽ˾вˮ


4 ůѾ߽
ڷ֮󣬲ô˿ڣѾ߰˰ˡ
ʺáޣ˿ϼ죬ò˼Ȭ
Ĺϴ֮һҹ֮ѻָȫʢʱڣڶ̲һûôϵʦǲ
һʦ豹桢ݷͬȼʦ֣ûʱҲ书
ڽ¥Ķ׷ɱ֮£궼ڷľͻָľ֮УʹޱȾһָٶȼ죬Ҳȹ̣ûƿ
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صҲûˡ
Ū˽ŷ⸽֮ңķ֮ʡ
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ΪŷˣȻ統ǰС˼óѣڲշ֮Уżˡ
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濵ĽŲȻͣ·ѸоŲ˵ĳᡣ
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5 ĳ¸ǧ
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δҲŮټĲҵһָͽܾӪĵȥϷӪ

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֮䭸ءѰֻ˵Ĵţȴ֪׳ʲôģ
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Ǽ׬ǮطҲ½½ȥ¾֪İȫȥ֡
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Ǿ˼
㾭ʮȷѪ꣬ﻹǰǸϲִˡ
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7 ɻɣ
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ڽҲˣ񶼲뿪˭˶ĵжͼλ
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ؼǵã濸ձΪһǼ꣬Щ鷳
ʱ򣬲սʿԼͶʵΪԵ׵ɵӣװΧǻ̽ӡϷĽ¥ɹɱֹ
ȥĵʱ򣬲ҵᵥʾ濡
λսĹͷǲСӦǼϴϷܵЩϲˡ֮ߣš
ǰ棬Ħǣü䣬ɫǳ
Ϊģ˵Ҷס
ϴԾɲģЩΣգۼδλǳ̩̺ŶҵݶҲͰˣǲһݡϷԽԽġѴˣȵ˷ǣЩڷЩС⣿ѽ˵˷ƴ⣬طǵߡ
濾˵꣬˵ԽǻɣԽ㱳ҵȵڷǡ룬֪ҵݣǱǹغҰΣĴ¡ϢԴںδЩ֪Ļʹ˭Щò˵ǲǣ
ϴͷ
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ϴɫһ⡭
濵ˣۼ֮ʮСδĲ赣ġ
ǡ
ȻĵҲ޵´֮ұȥĹ
ϴŲϸ濵ľһӹȰĻջûж˵˾ֻ̾ϵġ
ȥ󣬿ϴƲֵ֣״Ϊβã
ϴ򴵺ӵۣΪսķҪߡ
׵Ƕ˵ôзִ磬״ɲصġ
ϴŭ㶮ƨ
󾱣ګګôǡ׺˴ŭѵϿǲȫ
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ײΪȻʲôеһع̶ܼӻʱҲһġҲͦã
ϴöţһһ統
ףʲô
ϴԾʧԣæˣ˵ǣսҲ統Щ̿һɱϡ
˵һȦȻָſϷ
ײҶ죬ͷ״Ϣŭ
ϴǲ˵ʲô㶼úã
ֱ׳ˡԣֵܻвҲȻòã޹ء
ϴ򣺡

ӳϼڵִ˷ǡ
Ʒʰϣ󣬽˴
˿̿ĻһһͷͷܶС
䭽ߣעĽ£ֱ濰վͷʯϣջĿ⡣
ʱһ´ųܹܴҴһˡʮ
һɫߵĳۺۣǰվֵǵܹ´˻ӭӡǱԺҲʰˡ
˵ɨһȦڳˡͣƬ̣ͷǵסҲźˡ
濵ͷʾ֪ˡ
Ƹʦͬежʮˣȴݳ޵صһҴһ˻ǰˣڶ࣬װʮǼ˱ǲ۵ˡ

濳ϣֻѽںͽͬС
ѽǵһεǣĸк棬˳⿴
ĲͷͷǱԺʹƳϣɽ˺
Ŀһ
˺֮Уһ˱˳
ɣء
ɣشˣݡ൱ںıױˡ
ͽʦͬһ¡
ֻɣѧݣѧǷֱݡ
ɣѧ֮˾һֱŪԷ
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Ϊ˰ͨƽΪͣҵλӶݴʦ
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䭲һףθͨ籨ţҽ˽¥ŷŵ׷ɱҲһݾӡֻʲô𣿵ȼ۽
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䭳ʦû죬ݴʦԾȫ˸ͽܣɣء
ɣأݴʦһ֣˸߰˰˾ʹƽ˺Խ¥ٻ
ɣشˣĺ֪ι˹
кҸŮ¥ŮӣͯרŶɹƭƽѧ֮֮ˮʮֲ
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֮ǰ˻ƽȫѧѣ˵˵ĲҶаɸ֡Ľ¡£ԼṦһƱġ
ߵˡ
Ŀǡ

䭲ݡ
һ̫Ƥ绨˶Сʧ
ǽȷʵȱԣݻǿԼôŻ򣬸ɴҲˡ
ۼԹĲ鿴ܳҡɣݷͷȫˣĹǼܡĹ໹ɣֳ򣬽Ҳһϳ
ԭɣ̣ŮӵĶ֮ͽֻæӦ¥׷ɱڲȥѰټɣظҽٲƽٵͷϣ뻢ڣôɱˣ
ɣزǮû֣һɧ䭿ݺҧסţ׷ɱǧŰ
Ӵ֮࣬ΪϽ䭶ڱǻ
Ů˵Ҳ޶ˣӸңֺȻ׷ϷŮӺ۸һС
ǰãпɿϢ˵Ľʦɱںͽ¥¥ŷͬھ̿ӱϷ
ҴҡϷķϣҲõıаʦҧסˣ
֮󣬺δ粻ȥҲ


8 Ĭ
ɣ˵˲ңա˽䭡
ɽҲ
ϳ΢΢ܿС˿
ЩΪ˶Կ¥䭺µ͵ϵ˲࣬ҴЩĽ֮ڷ
ϵĿָɣؾ֮һ
ɣȻ򲻼ȴúܣǱɣϳԼ¾֪ܾͱסˡ
ЩĳңϾͲˣҲ֪˶šԼǲ£濡
뵽˴Ŀº濴
濵ͬڽ䭵ģǡˮܽأȾ֮ɫºͣ˲¡
ɣ飬òʶ˵۹ʮ־׼Ǽ濣롣
ʵϣǰɣؾͲڴ̩̺չϷ˿濡
һӼټˣִñ粻֪ľòûòơҲвٺӺ̻Ů᳤գԳء
⡰ءɣ룬ðȥھǵǡ
פг͢ĸάΰһСǷ濾̵ʱ漰صѡǡ˵ǣǾҲеĽȥ硣óݵɣء
˵ɣصǸ֣ǺϷ˿⣬ҹӱ޵ظϹȥɣˡ
ΣɣΪʲôǣǲΪֲźǰһ÷ݣ
ڴˣɱ
ɣأһҪ
Ҫɱ
һɱ޴ӣ

ѽϣ濵ΪԼϣѧ䡢ˣ̩̺ŵĲܹܡ
ϵΨһˡӲͥһͲϲɱɱҲԸȺ˳ֵʽ飬Ϊۼʱȫ㡣
ʱᰲڽ䣬һԺ˼¶һߵȺϵķԸ
Ķ棬ֹׯʱͷϵĲҡûԵػζ
濳Ϸǵĵ֮ҡּڽҲϺˡ
濵ĸҲ̼֮ңСףֹжȡȥʦֻһˣǲΪǮϯ̵ְֵؽ书
ʦ˵ǰѵһѧšѧڹȱʦ֡
ΪʱۼרĴ°빦ҲΪÿۼ޷Żﵽλľ磬ֹ볣졣
֮⣬ظо˵⡣
˿̣濱쵽߽䭵쳣
Ȼû䣬һ˲ˡ
һˣһͨˣظѻƬ̺󣬸ָҲͷԼ
濸еĿֻ̣֪Ƭ̺󣬲òԵ䭣㿴
޼ɵ˿̼Ȼ֪濣֪ڿ㣿
ץס͵ΣŲų濵ķ򿿽һ˿ľ뱻ֻʣһȭ֮ࡣ
Ĳս濣ܶ濣㾹Ҳ֪ڿ㡣
ôߡżʱ䣬濵ĳƺʹӡּҽ㡱濽㡱˸ǵġ濡͡㡱
濲ֹĿǣЦ˵׼ˣ
ЦһѣȻ׼ˣѽ˭㳤ôÿұ˼ɫסۡ
紺յ¶ģյҹʹȥ
濱΢Цô´ǰʲô
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˵ʱƲǣϸ΢ġˮߣ롣
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ڶߣһ˲䣬濾Ȼֲ彭ĵٻǣġ
濷ϵ΢΢ͣ˼ϲٸһЩϷӦоС
䭼ܶ𣬵üëѽҸ
濵Ҳء
ҪҪġ
ֱָϣ濣ԣһһٵҪ˵ЩĻˣ޳ֻʣһƬ⣬򲻿ƴǡ
΢ɲغȴ޷֮ⷽԶϢֻܵá
Ǩѽʱһ㡣
䭿ɫ򶨡ɽƶ濵ǲµģĿⶼܸо
ԼĿôðܸоӦ޶԰
ڽ䭶ԣ濱֮꣬Ƕһ
ˡ
ѽȫ̵ͷĿװ˯
û͵һҺý˵ҪԼ¹ˡϲˣֱˡ
ԼʱƺƵĳӵִ˳ǱԺӡ
Ժܴ󣬵ݽ䭹۲죬ӦáԿѷĺۼԺݷ¹ľҲ޼֦Ҷ
һţڵ˺Ժ
Ժľ࣬ʯϸˮ
ڴ˲סվҪ̣ʰùţ½ȥϢ
濵Ȼǵ׼Ϊۼ֮˿ϴƵҩš
䭺ûߣ˵۳Ͷ٣ѽڵùЪϢ
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濵ɣءǸʮŮӡͨʮ
صǡЩأ֪Ϊ¡ѲѲ
濵֪ˣȥɡ
صǡ

нʣ濺Сѽڡ
ѽڵϣǸɣأǲ֮ǰʦ׷ɱǸ²ǳģ
濻ͷв豭¡ǿṦ书㡣
ѽڵҲŲأҵǰһ׼Hϵ徻
豭ˣΪ衣峺΢ƵĲˮӹл㵹ɱС
硣
濵ɸǵĻסţ׻ѯںԺס˳ˮ۸֪ɡ
ѽǸֱӣȴ濵˼Ҫ׽ʱ⣺ҪԶ֣
ǰ濴ɵ鱨е֪ɣؿ˱ļλ˶һǡ᳤̻Լ˸ϢųȥѲԭ˵Ķͽܺסӡ
ֻǲ֪Ϊʲô˸յǣļǵˣ֮һ඼ûѭ浸صͬè֪ǱĽˡ
֮׷ɱΣˡ
һΣһ̬ĵسڷݳǡ
ѽȻʦǰһھͬѧһмŵġ
ϷģȥҿҪԤ̺.ҩӣǰұһס
ȴҵ彣ȡ
ѽ֪ӦϣҪԳ֣


9 ֮аս
濵书Ȼһ㣬ƶˣ㻹СĵǰѰ֣ɱȫ
ʦ˵书һ㡱ձ㲻õˣҲǶ֡
ǣۼҵ书㻹ǰһ㣬ʦְɡ
濵ˡ֪̰ȥͳˡ
ѽڻȻ˵ǣҿǲܡȻˣٲҪĽá
濵ͷǻͨϱ˳𦣬ץõϣɳɣ޹Ůӱóѡдţȥǵͨˡ
ѽڻ⣬Ϊīֽëī֭ݸ
äдţּҲʮƯ
ֽ͸ˣѽװŷ⡣
ʱ濵Ȱֵָҹ
ѽڻȻҶˡôżȻӽӽҲǣǰÿȻΣաϣ㲻֪жÿǵһμ㻹ÿˡ
β֪أ
Ȼ䭵ӣȴܴ˵ķӦ֪һ˫ÿݺҲ֪ǧġɫ㡣
òŮӣﶼעĿ
䭺濶ñӵĳУһ󣬼ȴñµİɴֻǾһƳ˾ֹ̾
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ɣؾڷǣֻգͻ֪ⱱԷ֮л֮ػѰҹãû׼
ǰ濣ڿ£ȻһԶ·ͨ׼ȷʹðĿ꣬ûа취ӳȫʵҪץסɣء֤һʧͳ
濣λѴ¯ĵزȫĿӵ£һܷӳʦʵ
ʧֻżʧ֢״۾ĿʱҲԱʵԺ̨ͤ¥󡢻ľ
ö֮ͨϸ΢жΧͨäһͨȥӦµĻ
ѡ»صΪʱĵطϤˣ羰Ϊƽԭ󣬺Ӻڶ࣬һļз硣
з磬ֹۣġ

׶ʱԼĸļױ͸׾ѣʰװϣž˸ѧ⡣ĸ׵ļױҲȥ˱֮ǿж֮죬ȸ׺ͼĸҪֹˡ
ôܰԼİΣڱϣ
ʹ۾ҲԼİΣиˡ
ʦɳϵʱѹ֮꣬ĵϵǶСɡΨտʼڹ
ʦ֮Ǵѧϰ书ʽȱ˸ƴŬɡҺʴϻۣѣϣûйʦ
ôƴôŬѹեԼǱΪģֻΪԼˡ
һηԼʧʱҲɥ
ʦ֮дɱɱȱʤ
ʧȥý֣˫ֽޣʧȥ˫ȣҲԶʧȥ۾˱ɤӡһһɱˣһԳΪָ֣һңڡ
ʧѣ̫⡣
ʦһʧȥĸʧȥ޶ʧȥӣʱڵϻ췹ԣѹ֪֮Ϊ˱龫ǣʲôĴûһ߹ˡͽܣһӵҪǿ˽
ͷһӱͽܻңȴôֹۣԵ濽ˡ
濱ͣһ͸ͷһתȴǣĿӣҲҪ̳
ᶨ֮Ժ㣬нλı¡
濶ѽڵɣأ˵У˸ոȬܲþţžš
ѽڵͷϷģʡá׵

һҹǵĲȻæµϢƽ
䭶ɣصΪģʽ˽⣬֪˱磬ȴָӹţݳ֡ʱ糾ͣǣǸǣҹػõľ¥סޡ
ǶҲм˽⣬õľ¥Թסᳵ·ظգҹʱЩݣ䡣
ѽڽ׽ղף򲻹ɣأǴ´ˡ
ڽǰСϺ˴㣬֮죬뿪ȫ޲
˱Էȥصڣ彣
ͷˣЩص彣áЩھ˵彣ȫ
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䭵˽չṦֱȥĸ¥
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С˫ȶ翷ɸŲϷ¹ĽУ޵
䭰οޣñˣҾҪɱء
С̱˻ȥ
䭵ڸңƥסһͷ
Сŷ
䭵ͷãѣҾͰԴŷ
Сҡ
Ūز񷿡
ŷ¥棬жȡ·ε
ûˡ
û򿪹û˯ĺۼ
ںȾƣ

в̷رԷ
δԷųǶ֮
˿ǳʱҹ˾ԶߵԶҲü
һС¥ݶԾУ۾Ǳ߿һۣδͣܿͻ˱Է
Էںҹ֮͸Ű
ֵҹ۸ְ
ûһ˿һ쳣
ķһ롣
ΣԺȥṦ׿Ӱһ·УͥŲһ˲
һֱ˺ԺҪȥ鿴ȴͣסˡ
˿Ľܾȥм顣
ҪȰѽȥ
ûߵԺӾ֪ɣûûٿһôҲ޷׷ġ
Ǹӷ˽Ų濷Ĵȥ
տȥɱէ֡
һѽߣ¹Ľ⣬·ֱ̲ྱ

ÿĽ
ʱ΢ХŸոմϡ
ȫë׽ëˡ
ֻһ֮䭾ˡ
ʦ֣
һλʦ
սʵһ𣬽бһӽе
ڿӷֽӽ˳ƺᵵȽסͻһ
ӣƽ磬ССԺʱɳʯ
˻һУ֮󣬲ſ֮ˡ
һŮӡ
Ŷңźɫ£Wڣսڱ׿Ȼ
ЦҪǳ⣬ȴ˻ȥ
Ա߾ǰ濵ԷԼĺ΢ƽȣӦѾ˯ˡ
ܳ
䭿ŶִŮӣ°ͳǽ̧̧ơŽżءԾԽǽ
һŮӺɣ


10 ˭
һ·ϣһԲտڲԡ
ڽӦáˣּ
ϷķݳǣϷس֮һ֮ڶ࣬ϢҲÿ졣Ȼʶ˲ܱ֤࣬ﲻպһϵˡ
Ϊһʧɴһֶ˵
Ҳɣͺˣš
ֵǣŮʹŶңҲͬһԲ
ţ
Ҳݣ
нơʽôɵ·
Ҳԡ
Ϸаеһ֣ʶߺ֡İŮӣ֮ˡ
ݣΪԼݼù⣬ɶɣΪҪزءڣ
Ϊγ濵Ժ
ǲ֮ͣĻ
ô᳤̻Ǻպ̩̺ŵĶң߼ҲΪ档
ǿ̽濵ľϲ֮ͽأ
Ҫɱˣ
˾Ṧ׿֮ʱһǰһ뿪˱ԷӷС
һ˵ԺʱڵϣתվһڵĽ
ҵŮӽձغǰͣ¡
ûƺ󣬴˴޵ƻҫ¹ⰵѱӰ
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ŮܵĵƣһԲϵɱɢˡ
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ͬʱģǳཻĽ
ȡ
䭵Ľܿ죬⶷ŮӵĽ졣
䭵ĳֱǰԷ򳤽ָ죬ԽĽס˴Ľ⣬źһڵơ
ڶֵಫУ˺ͽǲͬġ
ǱȸղɱΪԵòˡ

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䭴Խ֮ʳѵһѧţѹͬ򽣻¥¥ŷŲʱڱ°ȥϴԷһɱȫҡ
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ʽӹ죬ɼֵĶɱֺаɸæңʮɹӲ˰˳ɡ
գŮ൱Ҳƽû
νγУŮʼѹ桢ɣʽȣ۽Ƿأ죬ץס
˳硣
ԵһĬʮ赸һ˿
˭Ԥдˣ˭ˣ촦
˭һţ˭ռȻ˭ʤߡ

ϣסϡ¹⣬ͬɴסһյƻ
΢¹֮衣
Ǵӵ򵽼ɽϣϴͤȴݶ
֮ǰаɽ֣Щֶβɾʱ¶ʱ̣ʱͬΧʱ͵ϮʱԶԷвʱҶԷ˼ʱֶüֶһкϡ
䭼вУʱҲΪǿ
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а֮䣬˲ǽң˸ҵģ
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ҵŴܣ˶һʲô¶
ȾƿƷ书£ԷãĿΣٲС֮ţҲ濳֡
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ֽʺɨԷ̣ƵöԷطԼû
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ŮӺȻתݶԾ£Ϣ뿪ˡ
Ҳһ
ãݡ
ûɱڣҲû¶ݡ
˳ˡ

ղŶʱ򣬽ǰΪ˲ˣһȦҵСԺ
ȥȻ··ȥ졣
صԷһʱȥ濵ס鿴
к೤Ѿ˯
ݷ糾͵һȻȥѸٲ鿴Χ̻Ụȷʵûбˣȥش
ʱλڳԺһķרҵôһ顣
ΪصѽȲǺŮӵ彣ִùڱţԽʹ̣˽һĥ
аʦ͵˼濵ĻӳıˣŪˣʲô¶
ҶƤĵԺһܻصɽȡһôһ룬Ȼֱ׳

䭲֪ķط֮ǺŮҲص˱Է
ܿԼĻǣӴȥ
̤ϣѽں˯
彣ڴ׵İ¶ҡ£¶濡
ҹѽǰҹº彣ԭǲϵġֻǸղҹ˶ߵ쳣ȷǲͨеĲá
ǰҲ˽֪ŪôĶҲ֮С
ҹݳеĲץסġҹӴܣ֪ȥԷشֺ̼ͥԺ㣬ǲ˵ĺȥɣػ᲻أֻ᲻Էأ
ͽ䭰ִﱱԷ˵ɣزôõϢɲһһԺӣһɱΪȥ˽䭵ķ䡭
˿ʱչҹɫûнѽҹԸҹѽڣҹ¡˶ң彣Ҫȥס
ߵţڿаڶ
ٶȼ죬صʮָͬʦҲֲˡ
˱ĸ֣
ɣ
濶ʱϢתѪҺѭˣϢվǽǣǽǲ֮͹ķ
˾ֱԾ£Ϸǽͷ
ոսżأŰ֮һ˲䣬濹ϳ֣һԷྱ
һǴˣһɡ
δ֣оҹˣͬСɡ
Ȼ˲ܿˡ
ӷ񵲣
֮죬ܼ
ΪһɵִֹᣬϷΪЩݣĶսɣ֮Ҳظ
һ͵Ϯɣص̬ȡ
ֻǡ
ȫ֣֮ǿ˷ɣ˴ĳȹ˴ķҡڡ
Σжϳ˶ԷȹװҲ֪˶ԷΡ
֪һ


11 ԡ
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ֻҪ֪ݣֻҪ֪ںηǾԶž˽пɲûнϴ֡
ڿ԰ɽͽܣԼ⣬Ϸɽˮزй¶ݡǰ
ǹṦʲôɣɼΪǱֵ·
аϵĸ֣͹ݷ
ʵòġս
Űݷõ壬˳㡰߹ݡ˺ɣǰѧӣҲôɹ
濲²⣬Ϸĳλʦ
Ϸļλʦ֣ûн֣ҲжšϷԻָɽҰԡ
˵ʦϽʶһλѡԷСдΪΪ͵صԴ˺üΣÿζڵϹһšҲҰӡ
Ȼǿ׳ľͷȻһʦ֡
ɴ˿ɼϷаڶ࣬ɳ֮
λɳͥԺһݶһתСӣҲ塣
о衣
ǰǷ
Ŀӣôʮ־衣
ȻԷȴܿ˾סͥԺһ˾סķ
տžо˾ӵĳζ
濶˷û
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濸Ծƶ
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˶顢й¶ݣҷĬرտڲԡ
˱ˣ޷﹵ͨôһ֣֮ԽԽ󣬵Ȼǲݵľ档
Ȼҹֵǡ
һ˼֮ˣһǴԽˡ
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ΪͽʱѾף̹ͽһһϧȫ⡣ڽͽѧò׵˸ŹŵӣȻóȫıΨһĵӡ
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Է죬Թء
ġ֮н绯꣬ʽȡѹа
ԷĽдŻ꣬С
˵һǽݵ
濱ܿâݶԷȳУ֮ǰ͵Ϯá
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ڱɵͬʦǶ֣ȴδǡô졣
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ԷһʼĲƣ𽥱ƽѡ
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ΧСԺĶ˲ڶС
Ϸ䭵СԺԡˮĺ
Ժûп֮ˡ
濷ģѽڽˮԡ
ԡ֮ʱڷѡ˷ҡڵشԼķ߳ȥİڸˡҹĲ˯ȥϵסֻܰиϡ
䭱ĴÿСԺţԸҹȥЩű̫ˣ濵֮£ϰΪҹҹҲ㲻ϳ
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żˮӦԡ
Цӯӯǰ
û߽ѽھͷǰʵôˣʲô𣿡
ݣ˯šԺӾһڵϹ˺£Źҹ̤ʵЩ
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ֱѽڵϢʱϲ˿Ǻ£ݺһ˯ɡֻǽҹֻȴ̡
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ѽޱؿ˵ꡣ
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Ŷˡǰɣһλɾлˮ٣Ƿ´ծϧƣϢһʻǻǮպøñһ档
һ֮¾ΪˣӴԱ֮ǣ־
˵۵ͽ䭼Ϊơֻ˵秵ģŸ
̺ϳʱֿʮͬ飬Żڣ̸绨ѩ¡ʫʣڶΪ֮ᡣѽܾ巳
߹·æɧΡ֮ûþһҹκϵİĽȣ࣬ӴԵƿ
ͬ
˵һҲֿͬһ⼸ѾȥΣѽٶ۵Ĺﶼóҽֺýӽϡ
Ц̣ϲЦԽأһҲ˷С
ǲҲôãԶΣ
ⲻѽ๵ġ
Ͼ£һݸġƽʱԴº͡нڣ崺磬ʵԲڷ°Եúܡ
ϽǰʦλáԺ˵һ˵Ľ飬Щ˷ᱻ˵ΥߣʧȥȨ
Уѹаֹ͡罣Ĵºš
ǳţûбɾҲûй˵ıġ
Щٻӵܺ͸̺ʿڳҲһǿơ
濻ʱҵԽԽȨͼֶ̺ŲҵȻ濲ǸˣΪֹ硱;ཫཻĪ棬αң˲ԭ̿͵İɱ
ԣЩﰵﱻѹڲڱ̲һҰѳֵ񲿡
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12 
䭺ѽԺУһҪһְص
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ΪԡԭȾ˷۵Ľޣ䷲ӡ
һ̲סеĻϲ˵Ϻѽ̧ܣŸԼƵģ߹ȥ
濣㷢ʪˣҰ˳ǣס濵󣬴ط
Ҳǣߡ
ѽ𾪵ĿԼҽݡϷţǱҩ𣿾ǣ֣
֪ϵʵҪΪϱ۸ˡ
濽񱣬ϲ׽ѽСˣʮ֮Ҳδǣ֡
ۼʮּɻ˰ϹӶԴ˵ǣطǸ˲ˮѽڶҹġ
ҹյѽ룺Σǻشϼ˯ɡ
ڴ߹ĵ£˲ʪ
ˮԳܽ˵ʲô̵ԶС
䭼ˣĶˣԱߵˮһˮ濣ȿˮԡ֮úȱˮⷦ
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һ濽ӹȴûȣס˽䭵ֹˮˮˣȵġ
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ĳŵչüͷҪסС
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Ҳ֪˻ûţҹˣûϢҿ£
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Ȼûеģʱע⣬ʦҲӲĸ֪
濻ǵˡҹ˯ҷɡȥͷѶʰ
濵Ĵǿĺľ߲࿿һ޺߻Χ塣ۼѽС˯齡ѧλѽڱԼ䣬ż²Źٰ濡
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ȥͻص·ϣԼϯؽ֮áɽꡭȻԺ﷭ȥݣѽһź˰õСȸԾ
Ȼص濷Уڴϣ濣һŹַڵǡݽˮУƽ
˹٣޵üƽ͵գԺЩ˵Ƿǵɢֻ濵ľΨһʿɼ
Բ磬벻֪Ļ㣬һ¾á
еÿһƷҺʹͬһ䷿жɰ
Լ΢ȵԼƽϢֻԲˡ
䭲̴ҹϢһĵˣŹ㡣


13 Ҳ£
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̫ԶˣӯԼڿԺʰ
ȵһ·ĽŲĦƿƿ޹ײнźĺԽԽԣ˰ġ
Ȼиѻ˯
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ʹܿӦ磬ڲ֮ʦ֣Ȼʱҹѣλ١ʹڰ죬УҲĵĹ¼š
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䭺߰˰˱ִҪߣ濼ֹˣֻֽصǰҪߣС֮ǰȰǷдˡҩǮѣס޷ѣϣͰųʮ顣
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ȥš
꽥룬Ҳ̵ضĵĿɹ
ҪԼдµǷʵֻ֪ҪӮİգҲֻ۵ĸ
Ȼ֮ĺڰǼµദʵ̫ݡԨеƣ˹΢ȴҲԨŨĺڰĵҫ۶ˡ
á
մԨ˳ơ
һֻһİżпˮţֻʱһ̣Ҫһ븹С
ǣһ룬˿ء


14 뺷ĹŮ
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󵨰ǵ⡢ȫͨھ֡վȴϢһȷʵټ֪ͨš
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15 
Ϊ٣ΪŵͽΪҲΪ塣
ʲôĿģչɣس˺ĹԭĽɣصǣЩҪڶɣصͬˣҲ׷״ַţޣ±ŭɱɣ˳ֶˡ
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֪䭵ֻ֪ϵġĽ¡
Ľºͽ¥ŷͬھϢ̽飬̶̼ʱֵ÷з֡
ɣ˵ĺϢ
ڶַ࣬ŮӸúڰ˶Ʋ𣬵Ҫг˵ɵһĪڽ䭡
вûˣû˿׿ˣͷǰѽʧˣӴ޼ɵ
Ϸó˿ڶ࣬аȱң鷸ƸءҪǣϵŮҲȱůˡȴڼɣأڵõϢĵһʱͿӱ޸ϻϷķݳǡ
ݳǻͨϱͨϢͨͨҲ
ɣڴ˵ŮӵĴš˵ԱҵС㣬ǷݳǺպŮзݳǵһŮ֮ơ
ɣصִﷱݳǵĵһҹ㰴಻סǱԱҡ
ͻȻǣҹ͹ٻǲôõϢ
ǵõϢҲץ
಻Ӽˣʲô
Ա⸮ϣо޻ңˡ
ͥŲһ·ͷ羰ҵҴССԺ
˿ǳʱԺ䰲СѾϢв⡣
ɣأ߽ȥÿβӣԼһλϸŮ泯ڣزţĶ
ɣصĹ״Ӻжϳ紫ǰòϧ
ɣͣæǰҿһʣͷһ׷
С㱻ס˫磬һתͷ
ʱй߻谵ֻнСԼһ˿¹⡣ڴӡ֮󣬾͸ڰˣ˵ģɣؽжϺͶԷľ룬׼ȷҵ˶Է촽λã͵ȥ
֪СδϷСе֡
ȻҹߢС㾹һ㶼֣˯֮УᱡûоƾܡȣӦ§סɣصĲӡ
ɣؾȲѣȴûаɵüᱡ
˭ܾŵ޸أ
˼ɣǲ֪ãɣغԣôᡭ㣬˭
ɣ𾪲ѣѾ㲻ǾС㣡ˣ
һ㶼Ůǰϸýȴ£Ӳ顣
һӣһ֮ˣ
֮Цһһ±ȷʵһӵͳȡ
˵ɻˮϷɡɣشϹõúܣ鴫
˵֮ʱ΢֮ǾþλȻȻش˾Ӹµӡ
ɣŭشӴ
´ѰҸոµ·ɴ֮ȴʲôأ·ոն˺ѽ
ÿʣǳµأɣһһرƹ߳βڴɫҫ֮£ɣؿģ
ݸ߸ߣ,Ƥڣɫ˿Ѿ˺ƣ¼ײɿعϣѲ֪ӵδ¶ϰ˴СС˰̣һֻսĽýڱ
ӵؿɣص¸Ĵָ߷ˮգ٬ζ¹ʱˡ


16 ͬ
ʫԻ
ΪմӴ
濾£˻㱨ˣǫͣöĺ
ܹõۼδ֮ʱ֮µʯϵģֲ;ϸ̡꣬
ԺȥȥﲻĹ𻰡濲ܻܹܣߣҲ˳Щºʶһ¡
˭֪Ľһ㶼ûץסû͹׽ֻǼ򵥵ش˸кտڲԣֻ濻ա
˵ֻƽͣÿһֵͬÿһ仰Ƕ¡
䭾þô˵һ㲻ģֻһźΪβǶԼ˵أ
Բεʯߣ࣬಻һߣ泯£ȴϡ
Щƹᷳÿһ˵ͼͻѽڶʡֻϵҪԸȻǳƪۣҲ١
濶˵Ͳһˣôʼࡢϧ濶ҲϲĻͺˡ
ֳ򢣬ɹů̫ĳл⣬ѩ׵ļ͸ۣڷһ˳ü۴Цˡ
濲֪Աκ˼룬ܹо֮泯ԼӺԸо˿һʲôơ
Ҳ֪ǲΪ˵Ŀڷʧ֮
̩̺Ÿմӱ²ãϷĲҵŸոչÿ춼µ⣬ÿҲָµЩ⡣
ƹ͹¶꣬Щٿʼ̺һģḻѰҲʾ濡
濴ЧʼߡʱһѪٶȺܿ죬ʱҪѾˡʣµһʱҲǾҲԶҲü
ӺͰûв⣬ܶϸû򵥵شһ¾ٴγȥǡ
ӷǰǣӱޣտһλƵߣԼĪշɵִ
ʱ򣬽ֿʼˡ
䱸ƥ˲²⣬ʵ濣ǲҪ
Сһ㽭䭶֪һμ濵ʱ濾̶ӱС
;棬ر·õ£һĥϷûзɳȻ
濵ͷԿ
ȻϣֲֵţҺͬɺã
۹۲濵ɫгɣ̴˼ҧ´ȥεεصң˿ڻء
濹Ȼپܾѽڵҵ׼˫ͬˡ
ѽԸȥ죬ʽ䭣𣿡
͵һΪΣգȴֲǰἰ۾صĻ⣬λɹϵ
ҲĻһѽ
ѽڷˡ
ȻԱߺͬУƥϾϵ̶ı
ƥ
ƥ׷ѩ׾͸ߣԭʦһνбʦİɱ
һƥѪֵ׳꣬ʦ౱ϲԭʱ`ǵܲΧɱ
ӴԺӴһ費
Ϊ˲ҪĶˡ
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ƥ꣬ʮֻԼʶ򣬸ѽڵߣƿط濶Էǳʺϡ
ӳˣԼáʱǳƽȣΧȻһЩ죬ܳҲΪ
ˣҲýͬһ
䭲ˡ
ⶼ˿һʱˣһⶼûУô˳Ȼ濵Ļﵹأ
˾װСʱѾܲˣ
Ƥ񣬲ܡ˳Ȼҽ£⻹
䭱һɫ΢ףסֵ󣬵濽㡭
һ黷סôˣ
Ҫ
ߵ˵ɫͳﺬģͷ鵽ż⣬ǲҪ
ʣͼеĸɿʣһ濽㣬еˣܲܿϢһ
濵á
ֻ濵ҪĶڻˣ̶󿿡
ʼֻ΢΢󿿣Ű忿濵ĻУ§סĶɣԼ˶濵Ļ
ۼûзʱӦþθȳƣ֮󣬸Ҳظоû˿׸Σݶⱥ
Ҳ֪ƽʱôϲʲô˶
Сѽ˵ڱ꣬ʢ򣬰濣𣿡
º͵ڽǣȥ˱ŵһѧ򡣸ѧʱ򣬺ϲʱȥ֡ЩѾˡ
ΪΣ
ȥС硣
ѾǱһĴʦ˭ҺһºͬϷҲ۸ˣ˵ʮʮĺˡ
ȻҲ治ˡ
ҪǣЩأԸҲӰҲ᲻ˡ
Ϸѣ˵أһתֵô˵һǡ̽ҿɺð
濳ڲɡ
ΪΣ˼Ҳ濽ͽ̽ˡ
ֱӣȴ˽ػУҶСˡ
ֵҲѧ˸ոϣھң˺˿ڡ˳׺ٽ㡣
ѧˣѧְֱڻֻҪġˡûãȻر濱ţѧʲô򰡣
һƣԼø
Ϊ̫ŵ濵㣬̲ס΢΢ͷǼ⿿濵Ĳᣬóʪļϡ
һ˲䣬濵Ĳϱ㱻һƬƤ
͵͵һ濣ɫ糣רĸ··ûиоԼ֡
´۾룬ϽֳЦ⣬ĵԼôôܸо
ôˣΪι֪
Ϊѹ֮꣬ǰϷʧׯضߣ
Ϊ飿
ֲСˣɱⲻʣ²⡣һܾǡҲϲ
ʮʱһƶ
࣬Ŷ֮һǡϲҡ
׶ׯԳ֣ⳡݺ꣬Ҫ˶ģ²һ¶
ڽݺὭ꣬ƤӴݵһֺò裬濲ϲҲóȥ֮ǰΪڽ̫ǿɼ޷濵Ȼˣܳģ
˵ˣһᶯġ
ôܻ˻᲻ϲ
УǾʶò롱
ţİõ濻У޼ɵֲи˼ߴգǼĦ
Ҳ˹ָĶͷӼƿЩ޿κΣɺ֡
Ŀӣ˵֮ʱûеͷ̧ͷǰӭķ紵Ƴҵط裬Ӣˬ
䭿濣ˣ濹ĵ׷һʱ俴óˡ
죬֪ۡǺεȵķɣ


17 ˱ָ
Լַ˵Ĳ̬䭺֪֮
ƫִĶÿ𴲻͵͵Ѵϵһͷ˳ˣôôǸͷ˿˳ּͣں󣬾ͺ濱һˡ
ͬ
ʮһգһйˡ԰ΣһѵǱԲзۻǵƫִФꡢڸġ
Ȱ׸濡
ʮǰѰովʹϢһ˲һȫİ磬ϲͽյΪĽ¡Ůɱֵļ䡣
ǳʮģūϴԵƷ裡
֯š
Ϊǰһ̣ˮУֻʶΪĿ־塢Ϣ
ԴԭŷžݲеӰԭױϴԣĸԸΪ¥ɱ˹ߡľľԨһ˿⣬ԡš롣ҲˣŻǣͬһøĽ䭡
ںƽһ塢ϵĻֻһ⿪ʡʮͷС̵ؼ̤ϣ
òػΪڷ⽨ʿ
ĸıϢý䭵õĻᡣ
ǰ˳ְĽ¥һĻ˵صס
¥꣬ԼһɱǵĳŷŵҰҲԽԽһҹɱ¾ߣҪҹߣֵİ
ͳһλүдɺȨλԼ׳빫šֻ˶ع̥ŷҲ±үʯи紵ݶԸƳȥǱүԺ⡣
Ľ£籸µġ˶ƵڶŮϸ֮һ
Ϊŷŵҡ¥һĵһ֣Ľ꽥Ҳչ¶˾޵òĶȶˣ
ŷѾѡȥϸȴ̳СĽոǿΪһˣɻûѧڲױеĶ⻤ŷŲòƳƻ
䭴Խ󣬲ŷղضꡢֻ˲֪书ؼλү֤ݣаΪҪźӡ¡
䭴Խơ
˹Ĺڹ£գ߼ǰѼҪ˸̵棬ȷϤĳһϳѶϢӹٶ׼ĵ档֮󣬰ӡˢһ䣬˽ǣС
һҹ֮䣬үѹ·վȺӿĹ㳡ȫǵ˶֪췴ܡν²ţ´ǧûعԼٶȴ¡
¥ɱͻȻӣŷ⧲䭵ɧͷö
λҰĲүûһ㷴Ӧʱ䣬͢ٶץ
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ҲҺˣ䭲ڽ¥ذΧ֮°Ȼ
֮ĺܳһʱ䣬һֱɱ¥׷ɱ֮СǼ֮꣬СˣΨ濡
һж룬綼롣
ɽӽ壬ﻨ㣬ҲһӰ
ΨΨһ⡣
ǰĵ¸һøɾȥժİһ仨Ʒ¥·޼ɵȴˡ
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ԣĻУİĻΧѱ󡭡
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ر֡ӲصĴܹأע⵽ֵŮˡ
⵹Ҳֲأڳ΢ýһ˭Ϲβ
ϾȵûһǧҲа˰٣ҪôмǧлҪôŵ𣬻ûǰ˷
شӲ濵˽£濵һоۿ۵濽䭿ʮֿɣҲһԡһӣΪ÷ִ磬Ϊʵ֤濵ľǶԵġ
棬Ϊ濵İΣֹͣӣֻڰĹ۲ɫڵŮӡ
ЩؽСģ濵Σ̶еĻӣͬʱ濵İȫв
ʱҲŭЦҲѿֻܲ޶İΣֻȫԼ
濲ĶˣҲĲ֡
ʮǰԸѾһһ֪֮ҪԸٽ뽭С̺ŵĻӳӴԺ㾤ҵҵ˸̼߹
̩̺ŵصģΪס濵ܣҪһΣնɱ֮⣬һ˿һڳֵĻᡣ
͵ԣһ˫ӥĬĬ۲졣
гߵ˶Ӳ۾ӽ䭵һڴϣؾͶôɵŮӡ
ȻԶ̶ӣעһֱͣ濸
УԼϵ̬ȹڣ͸ŽģôЩ졣
ϴһ䣺սĹɲ鵽˸ţ
ϴ򲢲ܣҲ֪нҲܸ
ⲻѯʣֻѡ٣ǰֹһ䡣
ڴʱҽµһ̬Ҫϲ彭䭵·ͬʱҲԽ¡˵¡ʱˡ
ʱˡ
ĸƺ⡣ϲԸ˵һ֡
ز֪ʱˡֻýﲻѰˡ
Ϊ̸ֹڲͬΪϴ˶ͬ
߶ֻ֪꣬β˵ĿҸӺ͵µѽڸ˽濣֪ϱԶɣ䣬˽
ǫͣԴʵǧ֮⡣֮ˣ涼Ҫлȴֻ֪ʩԮ֣󱨴
ܵл֮ˣ޵ĵѣҲкͳ͢ǱйĨǽȨصҲׯһۣŵ˻ֵ˼˻ܹܡ
ͬͬסǴûй
عءܣнӽ濵˶ᰵе飬Ҳ⡪ЩҸȻǲ֪ġ
쵽ʱһֱĽν̫ʼҲӽ
濣ӲӣüëҪšһš˼ֶˡ
ⲻ֮أʮΧܣòԶ˼ھֵʦ˶̩̺ŵϻƣ˵١͡ڳ˶˽
ڳŮԾؿ֡

ûʧһؿǰ˵ָϸ޳Ƥ͸ź󣬷ɫָԲ󣬾ӣңƤˮۣϧ
䭵ָͻ⻬޼룬һҲ֮˵֣ŵҹŮͶˣϷֵ֡
űƤֽŵӣ̶ָСһĩ
Χ˶ţȷһ˫ͺǻ֡
ո仰Ƕ˵ģǶȻһ˫մȾκǣɹ˫ֵǰӦκҪ
ڳ˶濡
Լһݸ˺һ飬ûʼԣ˽䭵ıԹͣ˶Ҽǵ
δ˵꣬е䭵Ϣůס˫סһ˿ָ⣬ʪ
濣ĸʲôģеأһòã
´ǵЦĽһ𴫽濵ĶС


18 
ʲôо˲֪ûп䭵Сֻ˽䭵˵һΧ۵̲סĵΪҿӦӦ
Ψн䭴ŵóѵЦ濡
䭸оָһ˿Լʳһ˲䡣
Ҳɫɳɣûһ˿
ûѣɽָȴָ̧׼ȷĳ˵ϵһ¡
䭲Цý
һ£ǵָ
ЭˡЭ˽ͶιҪ
˭ֵܵס䭽ߵ
ȻҲܡ
˷ʳȷе˵ǽ䭲İһ֡
ڼ䣬ǻͬһˮҡ
Ϊǰ˵ˮ̫ˣϺŶҷˡ濣ôûã᲻ң
濵ҵררѧȥ
ǽİõˮҶá
Լȡ˼ַſڵĴ
һٷ֮󣬽˵ҪȥԱҸطһ¡ѽȥΪڡ
ҵϻ㱨
ܾýǰһ⣬ʱ뿪Ļᡭֻһ̫ݣԼˡ
ˡ⼸գϱÿڶ½Ϣ䭴ƾն鲻κιѶϢ
Ϊִ鱨ϵͳüˣ
²²⣬ֻǼλòѰңѯǱǷнʧҹʱδϢ
΢΢ͷ㿴ɫҹ
վһԣͷǡＡʤѩ޼룬֮óũһǺӵܣٽŮҲɽģѰ֮ңŮҲҪߡ³ֻǲػˣϾûϸۡ
濾ĬƬ̣֮ǰõǼ
գգۡ
ʲôС֮ǰõǼ
ѵǡõǼ
Ϊ濿δϣʹü߼ݣֻҪֵĵطʼ׷飬ò̸ֹҲһܲ鵽ߡƫԶ֮أӲ¶棬ֻҪԭһºۼ֮ǰ׷ɣأǴ֮طݣ鵽Ǽյò׷١棬ȱҲʱ̫࣬ʱԸò¶ݡ
ԣҡְѱñʲôҪˣƲ¶ݡΪҵʦ֪ݣɱڣƵöԷԶߺ⣬һԭֱ֪ߣ䭿ֵܳĵطԶԶġ
ֵ䲻ݣҲ֪һ֮ˣƤϸ֮ºͳ಻ͬɫ󣬶Եò԰ףΪһݺͲôֲڣΪݣûƵҩգп᳤ܻ洯áＡƽ֬ˮ۶òϣ֮ˡߣҲ֪ģԴǣЪסһҲڰм˵󱲣һܹլ̻塢ܺǻĹŮ
ȴЦˣ㿴լ̳ģΪ˼ࣿ
صǳ
濵𣿡
ǡ¿ðáض˶٣¿Լˣ̫ׯҵŮǳ֮Ů
仰˼ֱס
ԼˣҺ꾫
֮ŮͲ˵ǺԺ糾Ůġ
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ϴ޶ۣǳԣ˽
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ش߱Ѭն꣬ѴҲǸģ϶飬ָҲ׸ı䡣˿ڵǸ⣬ǫѷ΢ȴŷܡ
ȻҲó
ͬʱҲԼķΪԽһ
ǣȴϸ¡ϸ֪֮ð֮ʵ
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ʱˡ
ز֪ΪԺðϴʡ
˵ദ˵Ĺ졣
Լݣϵ˽´ܣ˵ԳС𿴽ӵ˺ͳȻ򣬵յ񣬲Ǹ·
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̩̺ŵڲһ޴֪ġر̽ͻ֪ؼ̺ŵĻӳ̺ŵ鱨ͷӡ
ţʱڣܲ鵽Լĸšʱˣ͸ˡ
ǲҪжǲˣļҾ
Լ⻬ƣǺѰϷֵаʦϵһ
ʵز¶һ֣ˡ
ԭĽµļȷʵûµļ䡣ɱ֣ҲŷġŮϸ׼ȨԺģϰɱƴҪӴκε¡ȱʶ
䶼ףںָĥˡָ֣²ٿⱣҲ¼ˡ
ǰѰˣԽ֮ǣΪ˶׷ɱ͵ߣ¶档
ĽˮĻ֮ʵϣЩŶǱ˵ӣ߰ݶ֪
ʸΪģҪôаĶ֣ҪôǺǿִƼҵ˴˶ʲôˣʱҹ֣ڵ°ҡкܡǱΪĺѣҲ͸¶Ϣ
֮Ҫòβ鵽ݣǧѡ
οĽ¡Ѿˡ
ҹĻ٣ӿһɽ갲Ӫկ
룬䭲ɸпشǺ·ǲǽ̫ˣܾһ·ߵٶ̫
տʼʱѹϷڶ࣬ˮ·½·߹رǹزڰԻ͡ɽ·֮ʱһСĽѸͨոǿҲɽǹľʯҼ䣬һﵽһĿΣˡʱδʦЩǰȫˡ
̩̺ŴжӴ󣬶룬Ȼ򡣻ҲˣǰٶȲЩ
⡣
ߵԽҹ֮͸طǡ
ɣΪ˽⣬˵ǺɫȨŮϳԹݵŮӳ֮⣬š᳤̻̩̺ŶҡͷεŮӣʮִѡǸСδá֮źһֻҪϢһ̸
濴ƺƵĳӴͷ˰ǣʮа˾Ż׷
ʱĩѰ˯
֮У䭺Ȼ۾


19 Ϲ
ޣһ˯ڴϣһ˯ϣͬһ䣬ȴо롣
ıȵͬ
С濺ܽ
˯ˣƶţ˫ַСϡ
ߡ
Ϣơ
ô˯ţ
Щ˶ˣŷžսǰһҹܺ˯¡ȴʧ˵
СַȥҲǰָŮ޵ķ
ִڵһŵȥ
תɽ꣬ںȻʧȥ˽䭵Ӱ
ܺܰ
ȻųֱʳĴڷſϢƬʱɪɪ£룬СסصصףҲȻ롣
ҹʱ֣ԭɭǵĿ񻶣ȴžûˡ
ڶ
һ˲䣬еʲô
ٶ̫죬ԶԶķӦֻһʹʧȥ֪

ҹڷݳǵ֮ϣɣۡ
ǰҹ̫˰ʱų
˭µ٣
ɵα겻ɢǰµͺ¿׷˹˵书·ԾУĪǵλģ
Ȼˣ
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һ£ɣǶģռ˱˲˵׷˰ҹ
Ѿӵˣ˭֪˾·ǣ˼ֻͺëζһ׷ò
ɣֻǱᱡЦģģȴûŮӱǧ
֮ջҲһˣ˼Ҹ͵˵ͷòС
סĵط·Ѭ㣬ʱݣȥϢ֪˽еһλλϹ٣ͨϵԭ˸СͷΣ˽ǵξ˷ȥΣ·˴˵ء
⳯͢߹;ʲôϵô·ȥ˾Сĵĺ⣡
ɣɵĲ͵񣬻ЩϢ
Ϣ֮һǽ¥
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ɣزòµϢЩ֯ЩУͲö֪ˡ
òʱı乺Ϣ
ˣȻϢӣȴܵõ벻ջ񡣱˵֪̩̺ŵĶµִﷱݳǵ£Ҳ֪һ泵ӳǰǵϢ
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ǣҲ
ɣذʱõϢ׷ȥ컹û͸ңң̩̺ŵĳӡ
ʮƺƵǰСɣԶһʱ䣬ȵ߽ɽ꣬סߣſ۲졣
ڷǰӪկ֮Ȼߡ
ѿרõҹС봫һ¡ò̺Ůң̲סͣϣҹ㽵١
ȵҹ˾ʱһ˹
һСЩ룬ĽҰ⣬ҲСˣɴֱ°ߣ¶ϯأҲһζ
ȻûӪصľ䷶ΧԵĺһ
ǰڣ
ƵҪɱ֣ȴǰڵڵϺ˯
ɣʧЦ
øʢ̩̺ţҲˡ
ʱȻеëէͷһִͷΣ֣ӻϸ룬һˡ
ͷǰǱ¿һٿȻĵ档
Ųӵλãһնֱ۴ϸ֦
ï֦ܵ䣬֦Ҷɳɳ죬㵹ӰҲס͵ϮߵӰ
ɣûҵֵߣȴͣ齣ʱ䶼ҵ飬ԶӴܡ
ɱ總֮ңôҲ˦
ʦ
ʦ֣
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Ǻͳֹ͢磬Ҳ׷֮󽥽ϢġףɼҴҵҪҲֻ࣬ĵ
СģǵʦѣΪλȸɱ
²⣬ڵʯ֮ԺȴǱ

һƵƵխԺͣڽն
һϢ֮䣬նʮȫҪк
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һͷ˵ģгɱҪɥ˵ء
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ʱǰˮԼˮӸߴٲ
ɣһϲ̳ˮȥ
˿ˣӽˡ
ں߳ˮԼãȡ˸ˮϷɡšֻҪˮ˦֮ˡ
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ٲˮ
ٲˮ̶ɽһſϸСˮ飬¹⣬ãʵɾ
ɣֻˮĭϸɳϸСδüʪݣӰֻ
ֻҪԾˮУɾʱȴòȻһ߳ȶŵ֦ſͣ
ǰһֻ̽ƵֻǼ򵥵һıؾ֮·ϣնڴֵ֦
˿¹á
ɣ۾һ欶˵Ůӣ̲ס㣡Ľ£
ôţôܻţ
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Ѿ˰ŷͬھ˰
Ŀ֮£ʮŷһжϸ඼˵ϣм٣
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һ£⳯أ⣬ɣصУȴɱء΢ÿһ£ɣضñе֮·һ˲ҪֱָҪ
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Ŷ䭴ŵЦ⣬ұ䣬һʢŵɳҵʦ֣֪ҵļλ¥ʦǣȥĶ


20 뻳
Ķȥˣ
Ȼ˻ʣ
ŷŵļĸ, ƽҲʦơӣǼνġʦ֡׷ɱ
Щ꣬Ƕŷһ, аɸˣǧٹ֣šһգ¥ŷžս, ̾µɱ֯
ɣ뵽˴۽Ƿ, û¶ѿɫ
¥Щŷŵ߹, ʦ֣¶ĽʦòĽѾáɣƷɫ, ľ͸, һ˲֪ЩɫĽʦһǰө֮⣬Ȼʧɫ
һ߹άһŽ䭵ɫ޶ԣɱɣŵñ亹ʪ, æֵ¹, ð, ֮׷Ī, , һֱҪʦ, Ǯׯ׼˼֮ǧ, ϣøʦ񡣻ʦ̧ܸ֣ԭ
ͦΣȻòѣݺģʮֿ˿̹񣬻ôСζ
Ȼڽ䭵Уǧٿ׵ĳƤҡ
ÿľֻһ
뵽ǰɦŪ˵ɣأФðˣ̲סŭּԴǻЦԭҪ˼ҲЪˡ
һĿ桢õĴΪԼ֮˷ʱ䡣
ɣؼʵʦ٣ϱ߶Щ֮ǰСĽʦã㣬Ϊ㿴ң
ɣؿŶûбɫͿգҲԾɫԶҲʦżϼ֣ҲǿǿһֵС
ʵ˽ǰЬҲ䡣
룬֣ܲҵĵ
ɣص³ΪףĳԴŮ
գҪɱң
΢Цס
ɣɫ
ɱҺ棿ԩ޳аʦα𽵹ɱһ
ʧЦл˻Σ㾹Ҳ֪
ɣػȻ򣬵ԭ˶²˵˫ȹأַģϣΪ֤ɣطģճңӴ˶ϾŮɫ򲻵úĽϣ˿з񣿡
ЦС
ɣһϲ
ֵֻҲ̫ţôأ
ᣬΪ˶ա
ɣģһԣܽӴԸΪʹ޶
ȴ룺һܻɢϢ˶֪Ľ»ţƣӦԳңϾѰ
ڸаǣôܡ
ʱȻ뵽ˣ
ŹڵϱϹϾɣأҷϵ书ͲΪˡ˵취òã
ɣأ
䭵㲻Ը⣿̾һǿû취ˣֻ㣬ҵĵʡ
һɱˣһնѸס
ɣԭڵϣһط˹أæ෭ܣлæţ㣬Ͳơͬھ
䭵֮·Ƶ뷨ԣһƲƾͲ֪ء
һͷƤȥͷƤնһƶǰͷ
˶ף䭵ʽûоֻϷˣˡ
ֻܲЭġ
ɣæԸ⣬Ը⣡ס֣ҷˣҶģĽϣһ
֪䭷һȴӸ⣬ҪϷˣ
Ψһ·˳˵Լһ
ҽҪĶշ˵ȥҽɻָǿˡ
һĵͣ˹
˵չ¶Цʱü֮価а¹֮£ѩǡ޹
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ⲽǰҪ
ʱɣغȻ𣬳һƬӨӨķĩЮų
ȴް⣬ϴʱѾʼˡֻٶ̫죬ۿӰԭʵѺƣĽֻȥһƷ˿
ֵĵ˸Ŷ۷ɣȥ
ɣش󺧣æһܡ
Ȧȴһֻ¹ѥס
ϧˣԣˡ
뽣¥սǰһҹҲ
˵㴩Խ磬ԷĲŹ񡣵ҳŷţõɣ˳صߣԸӴһˡ
ҪһˣرһʮŮеĺˣȻɱ䡣
˽ŮǷģҲŶ֮ͨˣȻҪ˳˵ɱˣ´˻Ҫţ˿
˿̣ɣأһŷĵ
˵ףҲڸҲ𽥻ָɽĺֺݣһأĹ򣬻ֽŽϣһأҽѧĹŴ޸Ŀܡ
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䭵˵㻰ȡôңסңҺúѽ
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ףˣǳˡסڱǣһЦ˵㻰϶ɱ㡣ֻԶ죬Ҳȥκ˺
ɣЦȴǾڵأһ̲࣬ľʧȥзͷ
ĵ׺Ȼðһͷһµġ

䭻س֮ʱϿʼСꡣ
ӪػһξʱӪشܼ⡣
磬̫ʲô¡ɱ˺ͷŻǰš컹ôĻ⣬Īǳʲôˣ
ɱȵýˣӪΧǴ˷ĺ


ԭ
ŵһ¡
λŮҳ£ЩѰռ̺û컹ˡ
֪ȫȴԷĲ£²ͣṦɿ촩˰ɽͷӪغСɽϣ˵תϢͨһС
ԶĽģɽĻʦˮһ˻ѱѷӪطߡ
ԽԽ
ĳˮ紺ʱǰƮҡܿʪ˽䭵ͷ·
ѸٴƬ֣վһƬУַ϶䳯º
һ̶ӻҺ˽ˣǱߡ
˵ҲˡĶ
ӣһʱֲǴĸλġ
䭲źĿҶһΣҪٺȻǰɽ·˿
ס¹⣬ܴ󣬸ڵߣһ֮Ѿˡ
ǻеϸ΢ŲĪӿ졣
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Ļ֮УһϮ£ɡɽ
Ƭ̺γѣŲӿ죬СŹȥ
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۾ųĿȴӰäɽѰһŻ
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δ˵꣬ѱ濵ӵڻС
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һ绮˽ϵľȡ
Ҳ΢Ĵǣʧȥš
¡
Ƹˡ
ȲҪӭˮ価Ĺؼ١˹á
չȥӭ
ʱ䣬ɲؽѣǡ


21 
۾ʱ, 濼ͬһ˲˯
ʦųľο˯ߵˡ
濶˶ϵɣ, һ˲ȫҪͬȥ䭴ȥӦС⣬һ䭳ѯʴԱߵİȥЩţǱ۾װ˯û
Ƚ뿪һ, 
, Զ˹бų, ϻһɫľ
صϡȥ˺, ùˊȥˡ
濵ͷ, ҹȥ
ɣغܻܿڽҹ֣аڱҲġ
˿ѹҹ˳ʱټ̶ӰӪկ, ÿһҹ١Ǹ, ȼյ, ԶĽ˽, ڵȥ, Сȥӡ
ҵΧ֮, 濵עԶԶر䭵ĽŲǣš
еθӡ֦Ҷïܣʱ˵޷, û˷紵ľȺҲ޷жǰ·ˡ
ش·
濵ĶУ䭵ĽŲ졣
ķȣ䭲ڵݡҶɰʯʱϸ΢ͬȤζ
سĬԣְأʵĴʣֻͷǰ·
濲ݣԶÿһ׼زȹĵطֱߣ
䭺͹ˊͣˡ
Ҳͣµȴطͣſܵ޵ĵطˣҲͣµȴ濷Ը
濵һСȻü
ܷ
˵ĽŲȻʧ֮ȴһֱž޲ûһ
һ䶯˶ϸȥֱĸ
ȷʵһûСеûˡ
и֣
濶صԾȥڲڡ
ǣ
ش濷ɱȥܿ͵֮ǰ̶ӻ޵ĵطһƬط˹ߵӲݣֻ¹ľ
ûˡ˶ˡ
ʱ濺Ȼеĳɱһ˲
΢
һˮƽĺ棬ᵴɢΨڹ΢֪ʦܲ
ǶֲεΨͬʦܸܵõ
Ӫȫһ
ͣϰԵ֮ͣ£ͷԼϡ
תɱֵķˮǴＷȥǱ߿
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һĶͷһָһľ˯Ѩϡ֮ٻѨĴ˼£תѡۿǰغվԱߵ濣ȭϣܹܡ
شĻΪεȥĶ
ˊ·ŻͽȥУȻ˻к󾱣㣬㲻ʡˡ
صҲ֪Ķȥˣ
ˊǵġܡ
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ˊҲҲδ
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δ֮ǵǼ϶֪濵һݡ
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ˮڡ
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ڻ뱧ȭǡ
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˱㳯űɽ·Ѱȥ
վԶδԡ֪֪δб򶨡
Բڷ̩ɽǰɫģվߣʱܸе¡ŭɫϢȴˣһطĽ񡢷
ле˱ǰ
һо˽еر
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濳ĬϢѹƬ̷ػҡԶˮȲ˽ȥɽ
ǡ
ͨݺͽǣ߷ɸ봫飬Ļӳгм俿£ͶԷֻ֣Ҫҵ֪ͨ濡ʪ󣬼ûҲûˡֻб漸ɽҪ̽顣ֻҲкü·ȷ
صϣжڶ࣬ôˣֶв㡣µ
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ľڿĿͲðһؽϵöľܵĸӣתߡ
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ʡ
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ǰ̿ͳ书ߡķ˵ɱ֡ʿһմߣôǽ¥ɱ֡
˭֪˾ȻίˣҾֻһӻ֪˭д


22 
һ, ϵ˼¡
̺ɵһ𡭡Ӵˣѽѽ治Ϸˣǣ˵ʵ˵ģ, ܱ˭ץˣеͶǣǮˡ֪Ķ˵СҪֹŮֹ
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̺ɼˣһ
˭֪ʵĻһˡ
濺Ȼǰһ, ղʦ, ǲǵˣ
̺ɾʦʲʲôʦûʦ
վ, ûʲô仯̺ɾܸоɱŷ
̺ɿ޵ǲ¥©֮㣬Ķʦʦ䵽ز
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˵࣬Ϫˮ, , , ÿһֶɽһķ, ̺ɲæǰĹҲͱҺõ, õòࡣ
һ߹ȥ, ˵˵˵ŷŮ, Ϊһ֡ĽˣΨʣһţɣܺĽƥУ᲻ʦ
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ȷʵŷŵŮ֮һڲӪںͶŷŲˡŷǹΪ߹к޹ɱӵ͵ʿǱŷ͵ĺӣŷǲ֮λ̣ܼ£ѪĵףΪɱاίߣкĽĽӦϣһ¥ΪȥһŶ
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濷Ըذ˽Գǽ¥Ҹطˡ
á
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طŶݺݵв̺ɻڣΪοţҲֻΪйҪ̡ĽҰģҲû߲̾ǣ
СҪˡΪҪ
ڿӵѹƹ
ûе¡
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סһ۴С
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23 
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24 
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ֻǿʮеֱ, ܿҪ
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25 
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ʮʹˣЩʮĻô죿
ַܵĽôأ϶ΪڸǱܣ
˵ǰв׼ץסʦʦİѱһ򾡣ôȨաһͳ»Щ
ңСʦϼû֪
λСʦãȻԳУʰ뿪ɣʧˡ
ʧˣ
ͺǰȻܳȥһ
ףСʦˡ
һĥСʦˣɿ϶һǱɻˮ㣬ִдȨʱʦ֮ǯƴʦֶΪһɣΪȨߡ
ȻŹգһûҡֹչأ벻ڣɲû̫Ӱ졣
ô죿
һ£һʱ벻ܿʦֶĺɣ˭ãòֹ磬ȲһϼƣҲˣʹֱôֶȥɽ̵ŵӡ
˲֮ϣϷɵĴȨ
ֹһʱ䡣
֮䷢֣ƨλòͬҪ֮ǰһģһٲֲһģΪϤʱΪûʦֶǰǾ͵ҪҲˣǸԼûִƴȨĿַԼˡ
ǵʦʹʦֵκôģ
ǵȻ֪濵֮󣬸ҵЩҵԭר˴Ҫ£ȻԼ˽˵ֳߣȻ͸æµˡ
أǶ֮λˡ
գλʵڼֲˣְʦֶˣ԰ԭɵְҵҵشɡӷҳڶ࣬аŴҵŽеĻҡ
ɶˡ
˼£ɻǰ濵µĹתλ϶ƤһҲڮˡ
ѾٹעеӬӪһ۾һǰԶΡ
ĳһ죬Ȼ֣ûˡ
С˵ͽ֪ɡ
Ǳ˴˶֪ⲻƫƫǻɺϣֹ磬֪磬ǵֶ䡣

עԸϲһ
뿪ɺ󣬡ֹ罣ʧˡ
̩̺ŵĴ󶫼濰ٻһڴƹ񣬿ʼҵǨ
Ǩߵģû
ȲõòˣٶȵǴ¡
֮ǰغȻ˵ͨ˴ˣµг̡
ҪҪ޸г̡
˵áҪ˭
ֱнУҹµգˮ棬дڴºȡ

濵ĶС
ʮǰǸ˵
һֱΪѾǣȴһ˲Ȼ

ԭѾʮ
ƺǲǰһȲ˵ˣȴѾֱô
ҹ
ҹУĻ
濱Ųֶʧ䱦
룬Ȼ뿪Ƭ̶أԺ󣬻ǰ˷Ƥӵ°ɡ
֪䭵ֻǲ֪ôˣԼǶԶ˵ֿѵƫǶ˵Դ
ⶼҪ
Щҵ𰸡
ѾⱲӶܷߡ


26 
ݳǵĸ, һΧ˰ա
ȥĴѯʷ˺¡
ܿ죬Сݾ¥֪ʾݡ
ɻɣ׽ù鰸ˣ
˲֪ɣ˭, ܿΧ˱ظɣЩɵĻ¡
ú󣬸ϸİ汾ٴ˳
˵ĳλ۵Ķүֶӵͬ÷򴫳ġ˵ɣǵ˲ǵˣ˰һϣ˳źˮ£ڷݳǵĸۿⱻһС, Ƥ, һдšɣ֣һдšء
ĴһϢΪ, Ͻ١
Ѳ鿴, ˻úúõ, ֻ˫ʧͷֽŽϡֵַ䣬򻹺ܸߣѨֹѪѻɣذһ, һЩ֦Ҷ෭, ˴Ʈ
λе
˵ʮôӶҪ
ǲɻʲô
˵ôǰҹﾰҵƻͨ, ɣȥ˾ҡ˵СǲǱ
Ҳ˵, ˵ɣҴԺ, ȥ˾ԱԶܵķСôţԶԭǾк, ˵𽵹ǰ㡭
ѽҲ˵ˣֻз, ѵнϵ˴ϣߣ˹ְ
¥¥ᡣ
ԱڴߣŴۣЦһлζֵܣСŮ±סףҲסֻίֵܡ
Цʲôίұͺз磬Ǵ˿̲Ҵţȥ˽ΣǼõܻܵðͰ͵عǳ¶
ԱҡͷϵǺͿ档
˵ˣɨˡ
ԱЦһ£һתҲ֪λ֣Ȼܽûݸָ¡֣֪Ĺʲôˣ
ɣصĹҲǿǶĶֻ֡ǲ֪ôṦһҺôҲǼһָ֣ڻ˻˸ˡ
ԱıһѾҲµ˿ڡ
ȻⲻΪ¾ҡΪ͢ౡ֮˵ͦۡ˵Ѿںڰ˻ҪѻƬˡ
Աˣǳ׳ԲˣһۣǶʮûԩ㡣
ȴǳ̾˵ҪȥϷؼ룬Ҳǳһū£ƫƫѧ츳ָߣңȥһһʦ¡ֹ罣Ҳܲסѱˡ
Աⲻţֹ罣ųư겻ţµһܱȵùֹ罣Ҳʮ꣬ɣسʦҲ򲻹
д˵Ƶͼλʦಫأ򲻻չز˿ĵӺȥɽΪѰ˵ҩ²»˼ˡ
Աüôأ֪֪ûҽȥΣ
ֹ硰µһǻʵģͽҲΪ̫ȥɽѩɽ˾ҩ˶£ֹѾǰ϶ıʵˣӦǺܻҿء
ֹɱġµһʵ飬൱֮ԭֶԿаɺܱ߸ֵһɱػǲΣʵ۲Թۡ
˭֪أʥѲ⡣ԭ࣬¶µһôϡأ񲻹һСξ͢޹ءȾƺȾƣٷˣҾȥǡ
ûһ죬ȫ˶֪˲ɻץϢ
ݵ֪˿ӱϱ̲
ֹһʱ䣬յ̲ٴ
û֪ŽʮĲɻ濺ͽλаʦĴɺ֮¼ù鰸Լ֪
·ĹĻûݣҢѾɸ봫ȥϷͬʱͲиһ¡
ǲʡĵͽܿңйء
ҢȻǰ˰֮˶࣬ӺңΣȻ޽Ȼ濵ĵӣȵؽӼ
ңһţԭΪķѿ
ѿķιɣͬʱҲǷѿ˾
λ޽ˮ̰͢ϳ͡ѿĸ֮ǰڹʱΪĿҲ˱Ϊһǣ֪֮ô˳ְһᵽףǰ;
ѾˡѿõȴƵȥеͷ
̲Ա֪󣬸֪ѧѧ˰ĹѾǹʿ꽫ҪμӴǡһѼ춼Ҫˡ
ѿʱҲ֮ͯ˹ӼͷĻᶼûСҲԵǣ۽û˽ʿպ˹٣Щʿ볯͢ǰԶһȣǨѡ
ֻŲѣȥݸѧȴı䲻˽
ңΪ˷;濵ĽҢ˵
ΪʲôҢͷأ
ҢɲǸͨĸǵĴ󳤹ΨһŮʦ֣ĸƽңһӶǵ̫ӵŴ֮׳裬㡣
Ңǰ˰֮Ҳǿңĳң˸ͲӦ
ңŵڣ֮ңŮӣҲҪ顣ױװɽж飬ȴ˽ȥԱߵɰʦϰ䡣
ң޷鷨ֺãϲӣĲŻΪӡ
꽥󣬸ĸؾǺָΪδѿ顣
ѼŵڣҲǺţʱҶ»ԼѿĸӪ˺ͨƷԵÿ¼Ҹˡ
Ѽҹغܶ࣬ĸҲϲɱɱŮӣ˿ңԼϰ£彣Լ׵׳һլĵĸΪϴ
ɻ֮󣬲ȫϾʦʦ㡢ʦʦҲʦ£ҲѲһۼһζ˵ۼҩɽĳ֮У˳ơȡɽڶ࣬ҪЭϲɵ
ۼ֮£Ϊ֪ӺأԼҽʦֻҢ֪ûȭΪõҩֻϽеļˡӷ࣬ĵԪѽڡأҢһ֣˳˳߹һζҩ
ΨӿңûΪʱķҪԣҪʱ̣ڷߣԶţʲôɣ
Ŷͼλʦֵȥɼܣʦߣ
ùźͷϲϲأ
ңΪѡ
濺ľ֪Ľѿһ֡ȰŮԸٲ
Ѽҹش󣬰ңڵļϱʱֻܱ΢վˣ˶ʳңȻòŵĺɫ
ѿæڿƿʱ䲻ࡣߣҲΪѣһܰˡ
ڷҹòģĿٲά裿ҵͶȥʦ٣ҲͳͳΪ˻ȥһδ߹ȣʱҲӲ֡
˵˸־ϰΪܹȥԼ£Լء
ά֮⣬˵ƫ
濻Ƕ
һй¶ֹ硱ʵݣñ֪̩̺ŵĶҡ濡
ǲѿĹ;κˡȻҪݣס
Ȼû꣬ңΥʦ
뵽˴ҢʱɫͲˡ
ιİӣϵشǣ㡣ˮ޽ˮٰ̣֪աʵҪϲϰ죬˭Ϊ̰צ˵ŭӣ
οѼܵǣֻߣ˹ְѾҢˡңķδ٣ȴУҲδԩ
֮ǰԷ̰֮ȷʵһ֪·һ;ȾӦ⹼ʶյ̰ٻޣǸ׸ճԼȴȥʦ֣Զʦ벻Ң²ͬҲ֡
ɷѿһ׽̰ķӣһΪ˹ȥѧԼв⡭ӾͲʺϹٳɱʵʵڼҶ飬СٻƽƽҪҪְ˵ɱ֮أ
ͿѿԸȱݣŻᷴңҪַѿĹ;
ңΥʦ
֮УֱŻˡ
ҢԼͽʦˡϾ濵ͽܣֻܾҪ󡣲ѿҪͺúñŶ˼ĵȴʱˣ¹ȥˣлᡣ򲻴ʦ㲻ΪѿĹ;ңΪӲʺϹٳҲΪá
ңȴ󣺡ʦֻ˵κˣ˲ɵ˰
Ң
˵ô඼ι˹
Ĵˣ̳ͽܣȼ֮
ҢЦȷʵˣ㲻ֹĵӣֻһͨͨƷٵŮƷٵĶϱʸ
ңԶԡ
Ң豭ʾܼͿ͡
ңǲߡ
ҢĽݣǴ󳤹߳ˣܱסҪ뿪
ңȴһ˹סȣʦڣʦܷԮ֣ʦ壬֪ǿˣܹٸԭְҪŲТ޷ƿʵڲ꣬ȴ־
ҢŹڵϵĿңò᣺ôǡµһ״ӣΪһ
˵Ŷӣڿң߶ݺݵʦ꣬㲻Ҫϵʦй¶ݣΣ֮Сٷұȥţķӣ
˵ȥ
ֹڽһӦ֪ãֻҢһ
ʮ꣬ȫˡ濿˼ıҢŵ̰ͼ֡ıƣɶȴ˲۲۵꽻
ҢԴ֪濵ۼʮֵʱΣաԼϵµ濣ҲõļΪص֮ˣǵ˲֮󣬻˳ϲ鵽ֹ硱ʵݡ
Ϊµһ֣ߡѰ߲֪
ǰҪôɽ֮УֻƣҪô̽СĺѰĶ򡣶̩̺ŶҡݣУױ˴̽٣һΧ롣

ңͿ£ɣرٵϢϣѾǰºˡ
Ϊ濴˽żѽڿϢݣòᣬһʱȥ濡
ʱ濣Ȼûռ
Ϊʱ˫꾫סˡ


27 
ʮ, Գ֣ųᣬýʱ书, ҲˣҵŮӡ
ʱĽ෴ǸӣĽ濣˵ĻһԶ顢, 䭼濳ٳٲ, ᲻ĵػ濣С濣С, С濽㣿
ʵڱú, üͷεؿɷƬͣ
Ŵ, ίףóţÿ˼˵
βˣ˵֣Ҫ΢΢
ƫý, , С԰, , , ü, ۽㣬
ֻ, ˵
ôҽҩӵİ߳ɷֲã
ﰮֶš
Э䭱ˣ̧̧°ͣС濣
濷ߵߣ£
䭵߽㣬ҵĲҪ࿴ʢղܺá
濻ûʮĶһºˣתҪߡ
䭵ߣҴˣٲ˵Цˡ
ȹڴء
濵Ҫһˡ
˼ˡ
ؿڵؿʹˡС濽ҷҩ
˹ϵҩѺöˣҪҪԼҩ
ץס󣬲ĵʹϾһҺۣԼ²֡
پܾ֪˵ʲôĻ˻ֻðѳŵʱƳˡ
ҿ£紺ѩɽѩɽ֣÷̡ͦϧţ黹Ҫ׵ļͻأӡһɫӡɲ
濽ĸҩӡԼȵĸǣఴʱһ
˻
۵õһץ˱졣
˼֮󣬻ʹľˣֻϰˣ̵סٳ˿ƱۣθڲѪѹֵܣҩƤϣģఴ֮ҩƤʹˬ
ǰŮӵ¡
ߣţ䭷·ᵽƢ
ſڴƻƣ˽·ҩ㱣ֻǿ򶨡
濸ҩ𣬲һ˿컣𶡵ðӣֻбصŲ߷Բá
濴ʼնͷ˿ᡣ
˻ʹ
Ȼصһʹýˡ
ŵ㣬ɢҩЧá

ƨ
ĮŮˣһ㶼ᣡǸʯĳ

Ķ
˫Ŀ͵Ҫģӡ
ÿһ죬ͶһֿΪɱ֮ȻٵˣȻһǧԸһԸ⣬ҲòǱˡ

һʮȥˣǰ˷ɡ
Ǹҹ֮濶Խ䭵ƫ㲻ˡ
ˣǵôߡ¤񣬸ɫܿȾ濸˸ӵˡ
źβͣװģ񡱵Ľ䭣һ¶˱ԡ
ҹԭúõġһͺȻͷƽӱŵ˺
ͷʹŶ~~һ
§濵һ濣ģǧذת
ʮǰ濵ֽŮɰʮͬһ̳ľƣ˶ҵζˣִ˻ĵЦζԿ
û𻰣ֻǳǳһЦ
ĳ˵߼ǣҪ濲˵ǲԣԾĬϣĬϾǴӦˡο濻Ц
ôЦ˭ֵסؿڵϡ
濸оĶü󣬵ôˣˣ
˵䣬ϵĽ䭺Ըоȼ˲Ĺҡ
䭡͡һЦЩصûˣؿںʹ
濽ϢŻ˶ɵЩ֪Ҫ˵˵ЩֵĻĸӣôʹأ
ϵŵѬ㣬С¹
䭶˶٣ֵ˼ײײȥ
濵ͷʾ֪ˡ
䭰̾㶼Ц
֣Ů˱֮ζ黰ˡѾǵǸһĴŮӡ
ֹסĲӣĻϣߵС濣ǲϳˣ
û˵ֻƫͷ
š
ҲôĿ濣۾ּͣˮٵϣֱɱ
濣ɰ׳¶̵ͦıɫǳԵϸĺ㡢ͣ˫ɫӣ׳һڸǣֻµ
İ濣ȴռе˼
ָ»ָ⸲ı΢
񱻹ƻһͬɳĮＢʵˣΨһĸ
ûбá
ǲ֪ڿ
Ȼ֪ġϢô᲻֪
֪ȴװ֪ĵȴĵߣһι
䭾Ͷ㡣
ڼഥһ˲䣬ظϣݳзɸ봫顣
Цһ££
ؿ˷ɣ书ȥֽŽȥۣϿգһϣ˳£ڷݳͷ洬ȥ
濵֪ˡ
صѽϺͽ³š
濵á
ˣɷһһ֮䣬Ȼɢ
Ŀתض濵ǲЦˣ
Цˣ߰ɣš
ĵ״òɻ£ס濵䣺С濣ǲǹϷˣңⲻң
濷ǣ³֮˵вУ
תһ룬ôˣҲһʱ׽Ҳһʱʲ٣ʱһҪĥӲðҲֻû뵽֮飬ŵȫʱĴ㡣
ֻΪӪһⱲӶټˡ
糿ԭû෹ģһ㶼ˮŸȻҹϮҹѰˣҶˣһ·;Ĳ٣رһúóһٳ
ΪΨһץסķ²ذ֣̹״ӿҲʩһ緹
䭰濣Ҫ˼̲ʱȻԶһԼɣһ߸һͷӵһ
ôô졭
ȿȿȡ
䭲ܶǿĪ־ͣûȥеļϣ
濿񣬻ΪŻǺţ־ԷרЩ
䭲ֻǿԡ
ô


28 
¥ɢ
ǳǮһҾ¥
Щܼǰ¥Ӷ
±˷, ֻһۣ֮ͺܽҲûǱ߿ˡ
ͬɱֳ̺ͬ۲ˣڽ䭿һ֮, ͸о˱޶һΣУ˳Ÿоһۡ
ѽ
ŵԹҶ֦
ǸϰߵŮˣôĽǸŮ
Ǹûĸ֣ȻĽ£

ĽϷպŮʦͬʱҲءص, 𱱷ĺˬ, Ϸ˱ȽԼϵЩɽ͸Ī⡣
ĽڵϽ֮һ, ʱ, ѭϽϰ, ͷϡͷϸΣױ޶ˡŰ븱ߣˣò˵ȥڵ֮ģ
Ůʱòľ͸ˡΪ߰ɱ, ȴò, ŷһͰڰ, û˼
˵, ݵ, ֻϵ˲, ʣ´õļ߲㡣
̺񶼲Ҷºͽ䭵Ŀϡ
Χ˽¥, ɲɡϷɶ˸֣ǴҲȫԱ롣
ⲻΧ˵ľսҲͶ״
¥ʮ꣬ʵ̫ˣϷ̸֮ɫ䣬˭ɵѴ쵽˱Ϊʵĵ»ʵֻۡϧԲ㣬ͷƫƫԼĸѣǹ췴ֱ֤ϳ͢±͢ΧˣԪˡ
һΧ֮УϷĺЩԼǱļŮĽµĹƻǳģŷŴرպݶǲնݳҸȼ˭Ҳܲһʦɱֵı
Խ¥ҪҪԶûзĻᡣкͽ¥һӵΧ֪
õļ߲ᶨƵ֧Ľ£ƿͷĴĦ˹֮Ǳŷŵ߹һŪ˶಻㣿
һսվغϷһ֡
̺ȻҲڳ
ۿĽºŷžһսҲۿĽºŷ˻ˣܾˡĽ¸඼ˣ׹佭ˮ֮ǰѪɽµǡ
ڳϰĿѶ½֪
ڿʲô
ŵĽ£
һҵҵʮ꣬ӲŪС֮ˣ
һ׷ɱȻڷɾʦаɸ֣
һóıµļӣݼԭԸ£ȴȫϷа˵ĺˣ
һòǣֹұȴаɶƽƽ˿иŮˡȴʦƣغеڹͨˣֹûһĻ˵ζ˵ҸŮȴǡô̸֮ȫû˵ĸ߰ãС
¥صĴ֮һϢ˿չֵȱûһ
̺ɱ˸ս
Ľǧټթʬαװͨˣȴײơս֮Ҳ׶༪˰֪Ŀĺڣ˭϶᲻Ϊ˱ɱڣ
Ӳ˵ġʦأĹϢĽǰͬϷĹϢĽ½̵أ
Ľµ߽췴֤ʱϴŷŴؼİңһšϢͳĶžѧõļͬҲѧˣŷŵƤӵµõԴԴϵ鱨
̺ɵĹڴòãʱơԹɫһȻӲˣǾֻͬŶǳСΪצ˵ΪҪأ
Ӳͷֻ֮¾Ϳɼһߡŷ޷ͷΪѵϷָǰбطҲֲЭɰط
ΪһĴǰɣСͣװͨأ
̺Ĺ۲죬ĽǸ̩̺ŵֹߡֹҲǸһеıУӲϵƣеֺŮʦ
߰ԸȺۡĿ˵ŮͬСŮһ㽿εεؿǸϹŮʦߣֺãЦ绨
ҲԵɣƷǳԣ˭ʳһĿȻ
ۿĽôƴϰǰԼ֮£̺򢣬½
õ֮ڹ·һ̺ɣڳ׷ŷҡ
ӳΪܹܣھʦڶǰ档м䡣
ȳӳֹ֣Ųһ𣬳ǿ򼴱ʦĶҲһһֱ档
ˣ̺СϾʦأ
ʦֵָݡôһ룬Σء
̺Ĩһᣬߣѹرһģĵ
ҵֹΪ֮۷ҪΪֹЧȮ֪֮ͣɷ£
ؿһۣ˵
̺ٽ̨֪գ
صþ̺Żְܹ֮
̺ɵԭܹܡ
ض
̺ڨڨЦЦܹܣ㿴֮ǰһСɫɢڷԲϡҿֹҴҵ󣬿ɷһڷԣ¶Ҳңܹܶԣ
صˣûзԣ
̺ɵӴ˵ģǻṦ򣬿Ҳȡᡢɹƭ´ǰŷǼȺöҩвȣв̤ûڲѣұƣ޹֮˱ǺǼֱ絶
̺˵֮ʱۺ⣬ɫ̣Դ֮伫Ϊʹļף˭˶Ȼʹǰǡ
صҹ˭дҼϣ
̺ɵԩд̣˳˴Ǯǰܣֹ֮һٷˣûɱ֮Ⱑ֮ǰڽ¥ѹե꣬ɱˡʲôᡣԼԭʹõļֵö죬ҶʮûԹˣͶ·֮£һ֮Ż׷Ī
˵űȭ涵أܹܰæֹ˺󲻹ܵɽ𺣣ǡ
أ
ػ˶꣬Ϊ濶Ϯߣɱ̿ͣҲ濵¾ȹˣǵһ׸ˡ
һ֮Ļ֮ҵ㣿Ǵ
̺ɵ˵Ķ𡣵ֻ⣬ʱ˭ӻ˭ӣѡ
أ
̺ɣҲúܺǲǣ˭Ҵ򲻹أ˵ϻ£ͻɶˣںˣֹҲ̰
أ㲻˵㣬ϡ
̺ɵ֪֪˵㡣ˣȻ֪˭ǰϵĻ󣬵һЩ²ġܷתϣĸ
һۣ˵ܺ
̺ɵǲɣֹҹɱʲôıܶûСֵضķ޴ȥˣʱֵûشáֹӦңҲСɱҲ˵
أ
˴ȻͶ·ģĵſϯ
磬Ҳ⣬ĸϻ׵úܣһ㶼ȥҲģֹ߷ڣ۷һҪΪЧŷڲԶ̻壬²ǮֻһڷԾСаֲֻ֮һɱˣԹԡ
ѾߣŷҲãҪ濲Ҫ̫Զ뿪濵ΧϾͻᱻĳС۶ʦɱŷŵѾѴջǼһ÷ǳïʢˣһ㶼ȥºžۡ
أ


29 
֪, ̺ɴ˲ôá
ָ֣ɱ֣˱֮˼ٵġϢ, ץסͺˡ˭֪᲻濵ʵй¶ȥ
֣ӱŮʦò͵⼸㣬뵽չʧõġֹ硱
ɱҲɱ
֮ǰ׼͵Ϯʱ, һɱ, Ȼʮʶʱ񣬸¾еģһɱĽڶ
Ҳһ
շ, áֻԼĪҪһĹ̵ġ
û뵽ʱ, ߻ûչ¶һ˼, ѾͶˣƻܱ׼
˵һϾϡ˼˵ת档
һֱزųŽ䭲ŵĶʱ
ȥ֮ǰĵصһ䣺ʲô˵ʲô˵Ӧ֪
̺ɵֻܰķڶ
ʦǺǣô֪
û˵
Ľҿڷԣ
Ľ£
ʲôĽ, ʶ
ǰͲһÿڵ, û, ôɣ
ǰĽҲǸĸϻ, һССĸûк, ȫ֪ɶأ

̺һŵľս
һȸԾ
ȸԾΪһֱڵ濵Ļش
ʣС, ǲϳˣ
Զ׼
ʱЦݾǴ𰸡
濲Ļش
濼Ȼϳ, ȴϣǲ
ִҪߣ
ʮţ
ֻǣʱѾ嵭˴ǰһУЩѾԺ޲
ŰԼһ濵ĽǶ룬Լ´һ룺
˾ˣȴԾݣֶǼٵģ˼ǩ½һ֮ʮѶȫޣֱˣȴѾ˵ԩͷ˼Ųߣ׳԰׺Ȼ˯˼ҵĴ
˻
ⲻǸƭ
ˣõ
̺ǲϳǣʮӣ
ŵȴʱȥԽԽ顣
ʣġ
ʱˣǼٿޣҲЭϷĹȴҲ˼͸ʲô
Ľϳ侲濣һʢ˼ƿʩ濣ǵѶȰ
ҹӵվùţԻط
ĥοڣȴ̺ˡ
䭵һ֮͡
˭֪̺ɸûǰһ˵ͨһȭȹ£ᶨдŸм̺ɶл
ѹͣҲ֪ŷպݶ꽫ҹΪʿ񽣻¥䵹̨Ѿǽ֮ˣ֮޴ȺǰҲɱ֣ȺȻԺͣȴЫΨжԸңһڷԣ̺桢Ǹм
˵£ʲѡ
濵ʿ֣ʿ˵
ر̺濵Ķ¡
̺һ߹ֳлһ¡
䭣
ݿǾʣ˹ûǰӰȦʧ
˿֪̺ܲɵĵϸ䭿úܡڽ¥ϸ֣ȻǲҪǣ죬Ҫ˵˻˵
ɱֶĬԣòƽƽ棬Ѱ죬Ⱥ֮С̺òһ㲻ˣƫƫװʲô˾ʲôˣܲԹɫԴǣŷá
ǰĻ˵罻ţ֢ȱҲͻǻࡣ
ɱֽϷսǺ
ҪߡôУ
䭲ɫŲԼĵӿ濣޹ǵؿߣؿ濵ۣЩµ濣ָ𣿾Խ塡ɣָ𣿡
̺ɣ
ĽŮˣ
ǷҪߣȻǰɣƫߣ
̺Ц֪λǣ
ص̩̺ŵ˷
濵ˡ
̺Ȼ״ȭԭǽĳ
ֶ濵˵Խ塡ɣصˣ˳ͨ͢շǽɻֵİ࣬¾һ·ˡ뽣¥в֮һֱطس͢֮ǰӵܵίжһʱв̤ʵյݵؽͺˣ׷Ī
ܶ֡۾ɨĲס۾
̺˲䱻߶һǰһָüƴͷƤ飬зš
ǿ򶨣䲻֪ǮĽ˭֪ǽʿ
ǣǲǽҪȥĵط濵漮ڡ
֮ˣҲüͷ
濵ͷԭˣ֪ˡ
ס֣濣֮ˡȻؽּЩˣ򲻿
濵˫֮Уĵ¶˲˼΢΢һ㶣һʱ˽Ҫ˵Ļ
̺ɿ䭵ĶӲ
ЩŮ֮ڿνŮܺŮСһָúܽԴ֡
Ӧּ˲Ըһȥޣǵ˽Ǿͺˡ뵣ġ
˼ҶɱŶˣǰܾɱˣ濻һûУ䭲յ赣ˣλ̴ʮ˸ʱ򡭡˶٣ʱɱҰգ
ҡͷ߰˵˵
䭺һñ᳤̻̳ϵĲǻҲ壬ּСʲôҾ˼Ҷͷҫˣ㻹á濣뵱ּô۸ģ
濾̫Լ˵̰ˣձ˱Ƶñ˽֮δ£Ⱥ֪֮ࡣ
뿪֮Щ꣬δ˽µһ塪ۣȥܻ˳ϣ鵽ȥҪķա
û뵽ôȥˣȺй֮޲ԽԽܶˣֶͼı죬ǵúúʰȺ˲ɡ
̺ɼ䭶ŭƵģôӸŮʾãض濱ģҷģٸģĳһӦ¹ǰ׵ĳǰ档зԸǡ
һȦЦʾá̺ɵɱֶ꣬ȻȺۺͽ⣬˭֪֮ǰ˭˽һ濿ô죿
ھߴͷεε濶ߵ̵˻ô죿Ͳˡ
֮⣬ǰʾ濿Ҵݸߡ


30 
˵, ̺ȻˣŮֱ֮Ĳ, Ը
̺ɵʵǴʮͯŷǹͻǱΪ飬ͯ¥֮󣬴ຢͻظĸˡʣҲĸ, кҲ˳ȥ, ʣһЩŮͯЩȱͯЩʵߣֻšҼѾպ涫ҡĲ, ɷ붫ҰѺҲӹ
һ, ɫӶˣ
ڱҲС, ̺Ȼ֪ƺʩµʮһ꣬СꡣѾܸɻˣշһѺ֣СЩĺҲտá
¶ΪӵǮġ
µĺϰˣǮ, Ѱüˡթ֮ǰ, һǮѡ
һԭ, ǱŷŹġŷżʾ, ѵһ, Ҫ, ԭͥСʲôŮ֮ˣԺܼؾܾˡȻΪ, ȫҶŷɱ
¥ĺӣģģкܴһ͵ġŴִһûм豸ҲûмDNA豸ֻҪץסûк֮ǡ
˸Ͽٵ˺һЩ̼֣ʱĴ󲿷ְգһ뿪Լļ磬ȥѰҶʧĺӡ
ŷᡢֱͯ޼ɵ
ͯߣΪĻӡܶʱ򶼻ְɡſӣϻиӣϰڷŻǹӵĿƫƧ֮ػӸĸעʱֱӰѺŪζУ뿪Ѹ٣ܿѺӴߡ
Щӱ˽֮ҵӵĸĸһʱַǮḶ́һȺҲѲ١ЩûʲôǮѾ·֮ͽ£а
еǮʹ˽ףڷ֮ظһ¥һԺǰѸ󲿷ֺӶͻؼһҵʵĸʣµǮҲȫ˴չ˺ӵǮ
ڴ¥Ҳھ¥æѧ
ӽݣҲȱģֻų޺Ͱ¹⣬ûˡֻǡЩҵĺӶǰˣʵӶ
ǰɵĵ¹ۺΪ˵Ļ֪޷ȡ
ǱŷСɱʿѵ֮£˲УūͶѣټСⲿ˺ܻܿ
׷ʵЩڶڴã
̺ɵǡǿһҾ¥д¥ĺ¥
ֵôຢӣǲǮˣ
̺ɵʵͯԷѲֻ࣬ץҩѲ٣Ҫѧд֣ѾͶˡ¥ֱҴ¥ƣԽԽ
濳Ƭ̣Ȼˣʿܷȥһ⣬ɷеĺӶӹǣڽ˼ׯӣ°ֵӣýЩӦòѡ
̺ɵ¾ͼˣм㣺Ҵû֪ҳͷһѡ
֪ĸϡƹǸԽҲ֪׹󡣰˵һڳԵľ͵ˣͺãСʱڽ¥ĸǳԿԲ˳ģҲúúõģ
ƫƹĽŮƻˣӷǵø׸⣬ֽϯץҩˮһػȥⲻô
ǮҲֱ֪֮ҳ鷸Ǹӻ⻹ǵһ
̺˵ǿűȳһָͷ
Ⱥ۷ģɱ֣̺ɲںʲôŷǰҲ˲ٶģͷƨһĸϻв˵ԾûӣֻܸнӱĻ
ǲĵһֻԼ֪ˡ
ˣҲû취ˣֻܽʱըµʵ
ߣǵڶຢӵĻ·ԭڱϺͯԹۣ
Ҳǡ֮ǰ½µӣ㹻Ѻ꣬ôͻˣʦΪ֪ģԳУӦӣͲһ
Ķȥˣѵǳʲô⣿
ˮҴʱ޷ģһʱҲòǮȥ¥
ܰѺǽӹţòֻǡ̺ܲߣ
Ǳô֪ϸ̺ɸߣ˭֪̺ɵôߣ濵úúãҵǻ
̺ɼᣬֵǾ¥ȥˣƹİԺӶˣõأڽؿһҾ¥
濼ȻҵǱҪˡʦˣǿ϶Ǻõط¥˵ͻأ
䭣
ȻӦر˵첻̺ˣʦ㡢ǶҪһˣ
һʱ뵽ĺʵֹ
ƫƫΪԼаŮݣֶܰΣ̺ⲻҪһʱǰݸ߰濡
Ϸ뽣¥ͥꡢŵʦˣѾö궼ûܹۼ׺ݵؿ̺һۡ
̺ɵû
˶ͶĬװʶ
սؿĹ϶ϲߵָ֡
Ȳɵڶˣ䭴ˮ濾ֲ֣֪ŪһȺ׸⡣
濣쳢𣿡
ڴߣױһŴִС̣һ飬죬ι㡣
濵ԣҲ
䭵ر㳢һԭ˺òã
濵㻹û˵Ҫԭº£
ҭס
ֺЦһˣ濻仰µ޼ƿʩ
Ҳûоܾκ׽ˣ
ӡ
֡
ôôᡮθڡ
еʶᵽʰҪԼԹϴɡ
ôش
ҪβҪܰԼɹġֻŮܸɳĻϸһ飿һ黹޳ܵѯʣΪ
Ľ˵õԭˣɨسſܻʴȵĽԼ붼òԭµѽ
䭷µĵӣ`濼֪˼˭ˣȴôöԸϣ¡
濵زʶ̸ϣ
֣Լϣϳң˷֪ǲͬġ
濴ϴһ𣬾ڲͬѽڵ׽֮˵УΪԡֻнƫ˺ֱ֪ҹеӵŻȻ
ϴ濳ϴִҪ´ֱظе濵쳣
䭴ûʱʮ꣬濾Ȼûڿģ£ϳ
ҲԼϣǺεȵϲ
⣬ĵ濣Ҵˣͱ
ָ΢ļĵǾʶ
䭵ѽ
΢ǣҲйΪ䭡ľأ
ŵʵĻֳ䶨֮Уĵһ죬һ
ϸ˶ŭ¡
֪첻Լ̣һǹˣֻ֧֧
濣֪ˡ֪㶨ң֮ǰףδ֪㡣һϣΪܺܿ촦㣬δ㽻һ֮ǣ˼ǲܣĸܣʮѶҲҡҵĴԺҲˡ
濡šһͷԣС֪硯
ƵĻ֪ƤֱʱӲ㱼֪ݱ߼ңԼȡСС֪硯
նǿǲǼ֪硯
˲ְȫǺ£֪˼ͻõ񷭳ˣɲԵýǸƭӣ
ĵ˵꣬ɫ嵭صͷʾ֪ˡ
䭵ԭ𣿡
濳ĬƬ̣̾Ϣһδԭ¶ִӺ˵ֻЩţҺܵġھѰ㡣ϧԭǹڹ⣬ûϢ
εĶҪˣȴ޿ɽֻͣĲ˲䣬Բ𡣡
濸ķһ죬㽹ǲ
һݵĻýɫ˲ɷס
ֻһ죬Ź
ȴ濵ʮꡣ
絶


31 
ǰҾʵ, Ҳãģɰ, ԸɣСܳƫͬࡣ
ԣְϲ, ָƴ, ںСʱʼĽĶ
Ѻܶ࣬δ˭Ҫĳ嶯ݵһһֱһˡ
ֱԽ, 濡
濵һ۵Ķ, ԴڱȵĵЧӦ濰Ȼ֮󼸸, ûƽָǣԽԽ
Щʴӡ
䭴ûй龭顣
ǰѶ˭ʱû۹ҲԼϲʲôˣֱֻҵϰ࣬Ҳδһġ
Ľ߷ȴʼռ̸ֲ࣬ټ಻, һֱΪڸ, ڮڸ߰Ʋˡ
治ں, ʵѹ
Բɱ, ȴĵĵ
ڼгɳ, һֱŬԲں˵Ķ⡣İ˵ﵹЩ, ߵˡѡͬѧͬ¡Խǿ׽ĹϵԽ̧ͷ, ǵĶԽ
о仰СԼ·ñ˵ȥɡ仰˼˭УҪ̫̫ѡ˭Ĳں˵۹أ
䭾ˮԽ磬һУĵĲڮٵĻ
ộһô࣬˵İģ˶ֵں
濾ġֵá
˵ҹﷳգݿ׽˼֮ĸ飬Ľ
Σ濶ںˡ
濵İΣҲҪ
һεˣһҲһôµ¡
ôᣬֲֿƻûȫõʱ򣬾ִҪߡ
ʼռţˣʲôûˣۺ밮û濣ֻһŷеĽ㲻»صʮǰѡһΣĴҲ䡣
֪ԼԾΪ˺õƭ֮顣
ҲеĹ͡
Ψһǣ濻ôϳ
ôˣѾ˸ı䣬ۼʱ
ԭǣ濵һĸºָԼһʱͰʶԴ׽Ȱ濸֪֮ǵ֪磬Ҳôԭġɣ
ŵֵһصŵԣҲߡߣոһ件ģһա
õȴ򲻸Ľ꣬һֱûзһֱܾá
ʮ֪꣬δãȻصȴ붼Ϣ
ô꣬濸ѹ
ֻҪһ룬ؿѹһʯÿһصʹ
ѹ룬Լ󣬲һСƭӡΪʲôҪϣ

ҪˡĴָȥᡣ
Ȼˣѳ濵ϸ޵øˣˮһֹס
ֻžᡣ
䭳ӣ濣ҡ
濵ΪҪ㣿
䭵Ҳ磬Ϣȴôã㲻ҵ
룬ֻǻᵣ㡣֮׵áǻ㡣

㡣
濼򵥵Ļɽ˺ĸˡ
䭱ס濣ôôã
§ı󻹻᲻ƭң
ָذļϣֻҪȥý䭰̱Ҳվ
䭱úԼһֻ˸è޲ָ췢ģƭ㣬濣Զƭ㡣
濵Ƕһ𣿡
ЩҵسĬš
Ǿˡ
ЦĿԣҲʡǰ±ˣԺ£ú뿪ߡ㲻ڣһᵣġ
æشӦ
ֹסᣬ򴲱ͭԼ۽ǻ飬ͷģȻ濿Ǽæȥ档
䭿һŻعζҲһֱǵ˼
صĻϲϲԴԴϵȪˮĵ׹ཹཱུð
ΨһЩ
һ£¹⴩ڴߡ
䭿ŴΣ濣̲סЦۣ߹ǰվ
ͷ
Цӯӯ濣ǲǵãˣΪҿ½ԡҩ
濵ͷ
䭵Ҿ˵ңصлᣬһҪ㡣ӽұŵԣΪ˲赹ˮ̴ůɺã
濵ѽڿҪллˡ
䭵ǵأһҪлء
˵ס濵´Ц濣Ҹѽ
סֹˡ
Цһĵһź㣬ġ
ѹ˾Ŀ˵ʲô˵£ת÷͵ƵĻƹâҲ
⣬濵ļϣᡣ
濺Ȼɿס֣ƽȻ֡
Цһȹ
濶е񱣬԰ɫӶ࣬ԭǳĴɫĵöһ̺졣
䭳˳ż绬ȥ⴦¶м͸ɴʰɫ¡
ԭסȣһɢµ
䭱ƻ󣬰ӣһֳֻڴߣһֻؿڣЦ濣ÿ찡
Ĳྱҧһ£ȵĺڼϣԼµսһ¡
ã濣Ϊʲôô죿ʲôأ
û˵Ҳû⣬ǰ֮ɢҡĲӡһġʪӡ˫۱׳ڵڴߣû˰Գֵģ
ֿ˵濣Ǹ̾ǵЦһĴǣ̾Ϣ
ܱյķֻԼܸܵģֻԼĴ·һ̣ȫȫ˽һˡ
붼ü㡣
ǲʮǰǸ硣䭵ĴǺ˵ʱҾôˡ
˵꣬ϵغס´
ûоܾ˱ĥ¡
ݼű˴˵Ϣȵĺȶ
ֻĴԼĺŪụ̀˿ڸ
Ϣ䣬˿濵Ĵɫˣʪģ˺Ƥ⣬
һΪ̫˵Ĵĺ̲סͣ
Ӧʱഥ˲ս˵ӿִӺ
˱ĴžĹⷴ£̰ҪȾƸ˵ĽҺֺغ濡
ûӦֻҧһ⣬̫ᣬǺһ¡ָⲻ֪ʲôʱס˽䭵ĺ󾱣ḧǰ
ص̾β⡣Ƶҵصؼ濵ĻУ͵ϥϡ
濸סֹļ׽
䭲Ҫ濣غ濣㡣
񣬻ɫ㡣Ӷ˵ĲͷֻϾֵܾ¶ȣҲеȺͲ
ӵĳǡ
Ҳ
СԺڴԹΣڽߣϢڡ
еѩ׵¡
һ̬ȼֹĺʹԶ롣
ͱԵͷתĽ䭣˼Ȼô˸£һãȻǰ濣ԣһδչȥǡ
濵Ķͷƿ̰ᡣ
䭣
ԾԾԵ鶯濲᲻صһָסˡ
˽䭻ڣסֻèڰڵǣڴϢ
˶ˡ
һ֮ĳˣϲ㰮ô̰ˣ
Ŷ
ܾð·ɲǹͷû֤ݡӡ
ڼǡĹɣôӢ֮أȻأ
ɼʹʹ濣ҲԼ
Գֵ濣濣۳濣֮
濵Сָίίػ濡
Ӧһ
䭵ίɢȥࡣֺ濽㡫
Ӧһġ
еݺƫ
㣬ĨƽΪķ꣬૵濡
濹˹СĴָӦ
¹£˵Ļȴ֮ǰĲ֮ӵߡ
ԸǾ£ҹҹࡣ


32 
, ӿ˺ܶࡣ
濺ͽûżȤ, Ľ䭱
áߣĵذˡ
ȾָףԽõСỮβƤһ˺, Ƥ롣
׼, ڵϣҲÿζܲ˹ذѵƤ˺µĹƤ£ȫ˺, ֻ, һԲġʪĹӾʹӹٴ, ɰ׵ĹУ֮ǰõĹӽͰ͵ؿһ
Ȱһ̣䭱ȥױһһιߡ
, , 𡣡
Ůһ, Ͷι
Ұ, ǲǱѽڰ𣿡
ЦЦ, ǡ
§סĲ, Ҳ
ҵ˽ڣ䭱ȲҪе֭
ʱ, ǰ̧ʾ⳵ͣ¡
еƥƥǰ󣬶½½ͣˡ
شǰӷص濵ߣϡ
˻Ӧ
񣬶Ŀ⣬ҲشϢ治ɫֻǾȴ
Ƭ̺󣬴濵£
صǵˡղſڣмƵ濴̺ŵıǡ˸
濵֪ˣȻظҡ
صǡ
ôһˣƺƵǣ˴űŵһ
뺣֪̩̺ţȻ
Χջǲʶ֣ʶϵıǺ֣Ļ󣬶ȵضӣ˽
֪ģ
̩̺ţһǰ°ֵǸ̩̺ţ
˵Ǳܴ̺š
ôˣ
̺ϰǽˡ
ҲвģƺƵĳӣ̾
öö
㿴Ϻöӡ
ǵ𣿺óĵ
ǽϵˣҪһһ鳵ӡذسǵĶӳһߣ֪˵Щʲôһϻӡӳ򿪿һۣϲɫֱӽǡ
濵ʱԷĲͬһ۱㾫࣬ڱصĶԱ֮£ĳᡢּñԵľʺõö࣬طǾˢᡣ
ݳ֮ģ忡ĿӥۣЦƦ߷Ⱥ˲̺ͬɡ
һҪݳ̺һֵסҪƿӵ֡
Ů죬Ҫš
ӳ״ǳôأҪŵ˼ҡ
æ˿

ûд󽭣ȴСӴǶ
ӽͨǡϣɴϽ
գԹóټϵụ̃񣬾̻ǰõö࣬
ǳϷǣɽˮƣḻֻ½ȱٴ󽭣䲻㣬ȫԱȲϷǵغӵݸ
ó̺ͳׯ԰Ǻ̵֮
֮°ֵӣӵ˼ӵȥ٣Ҫڱҵ˵ЩӲģ濻ġ
滨̣ԭں𼾼ҡ㲻ңȴҲϷĴ壬ڷݣߵļүֻǶֶ˳Ϣڱò濣լӡԷˮ̫ãó֡
һµҵԺʵլӡ
һլӣ滨̡֣ȱǲ󣬻ٽ̣Щ֡ͺ󷽵СԺ۸񶼲ߣһ£žˣȫԺá
ڶԺӣλڳķλٽںӣڳ棬ȥŰ¡
ĽĴԺλڳϣ԰ֹ죬þɡֻǴˣײ˵Щɻ䡣ںЩԻ˿ǡ
ԺӶ˾ˮбԺãûˮѽ֮ǰͶûˮĲҪ濹黯ԵĶõģСĲΪ˸ȫΨһĵľˮԴ
ϲ徲ҪԭѡĽĴԺڴϵʱ򣬽ϴĵڶ죬濺Ȼ⣬˶СԺ
ѽЩ⣬ʣ̫Сˣס¡
濵ԱߵԺҲ¡
ѽԴʣǴ£βĽԺӣ
濵էٽ̣Ѳ̡
ѽڼѶٱ粵ŶһﻹֹѾ˴ԺӣôȻ͸ˣ
뵽СԺӣ˶סµģŷסԺӴӣƻĩסԺ᷿סĶأҲסϵ
ʦֵС濵ĹŵӣСŮģʱһֱ˯ԱߵСûʲôϰߡֻôˣ˯ϴߵС齣
ȥѯ濣ȴ濸סߵԺӡ
ѽڣ
濵ѾˣӦѧԼĸʦʦ㶼иҵԺ̩̺ųҪϡ
ѽڶپش
ʦʦĲҲ֪ԼҲò˶ѽ
һ羴ʦĸ濣Ȼ濶ô˵ˣŬȥת۱֮ǰеĲԾ
ӵ滨֣ȥмԺӣشŻȥұߵСԺѽڴżλƹȥߡסڱԺӡ
̺ɵǿҪ£Ժӵŷȥűʱ˵ǻϲأóԸϲԱضĳ϶࿴
ھֵ˶ھȥˡһ·Ҳˣ̩̺ŵĻֲھֵͷֻҪЩ·ߵʦͷߣ鷳ɽˮ»ֲǳ֡
ʮסСԺʮֵ֡˶عۿ
滨ϵһǰ͵õϢֵ֪߰ˡ󲿷Ӷ˳ȥɽַСֻ¼õضε˾Ӫ滻˵ʱ򣬴Ҷܻţջӣ
ҶΪ̺˴ƴƹŵһվɡΨԭ˾Ӫļӻˣ̩̺ŵ¿ҵ
ʱ˾Ͷ̩̺ŵĶҺ治ѡһˣڵˣַھǷ׷֡
ôų̶ӣǲüҲ᣿Ҳ֪̺Ǻηʥ
ͷ֮ܶУЩԹۣҲ˺ͬ͵ؽ
ͷĺӵ̸
˵̩̺Ǳ̼֣ôô໤ߣֲѽ
㿴ǳӵָӣԨ
Ԩ˭
Ԩǵ꽭ϺպǬɽׯׯСŮׯ׷칷һɱ˱˵Ǳ˾ˣɽׯһƸ񣬴Ӵˡԭȥ̩̺˹
һΧŻҲbӶ۾ֱ
ףɴŮˣ
ζá
ľӵ۾ɶأٿ˫šݾƣȥİӣ
ԻӰĶĶ˻Ķߣ

գá
ۿ˻ƻ裬½½ɢȥȻһӴ߰˸ڵ˹
øݣŽۣӦǸ֮ңʱתһŶһͷĴָüۡĿ
һǰӱլдȵأĶү͡
濺ͽѾ˶ţ̺ſڣ˭ܽȥ
Ȼ濡ǰǸϺףȴҲǶָ֡Щͨ˵ǰ䣬۸ˡ
ֻһšꡱһⳤ桰һҽУ˾ʡ
ȺˣҼǰ


33 
ָ, Щࡣٿ˫۸ף۴͹·, ɫƣ鸡Բ֮
裬Ȼŭū, ôĵӣ֪˭
̺Ц, ɨԺӵĳɨ㣬һŲסɨͷɨϵľ, һ, ˭, ˭ôլҴȣ
ʵľûһ
ӵӱŵˤ˸ƨɶնɥߣ죺㴳˴ˣ֪Ҽү˭ҼүǶҵδ
˻һ, ڳ޲
սǰЩӲǻҪȢң¥ô̫үòᡣ
Ůĵɥģ
ٵİɣɶһ, é
ôܣҿҲС, ǹѸ
̺⼸Թ, 翴ϰŮͷ, ˺˵˵, ĵҪѽɱȵסڣҼݵöū裿
Ƭ̼, ѴŻָŽéŭЩ
éƽȺйˣû뵽ȻǿƵˣæǸңңҿǳǶҡ
صнֹ˵ʲôǶĽң־Ҳͣ֡д󲿷˶̶ɱԭˡĺͷߣʲôκһ˵ֶȫſ£
ۿӱ۽лҲڵϣéæóһž޺л飡л飡ּҵĻ飡˵ˣҡ
飡
л飬ʮа˾žˡ½˻飬Ҳ
Χࡢ׷ۣ˼顣
һȹȥ˫ӥһ壬еĻ飬ɨһۣҼɥĸǰЩ길Ҳֵõ׵ò
˵һ߹ȥ
£һøĸ֮ý֮ԡݡ֮Щͬսң뺷׳ж߰˰ˣԺ˱ƦŮҲҪϡ
ʵ۵ճŮҲĴ󳤹ʱɱСңǻŵΨһʦ֡ŮӹͲ˵ˡϷĸطǡϽɽһŮԸҲʮ
ǵŮӶἸֹϰ֮ˣԸͣ´򲻹ҲаռңӳڼҴܴñף򵽹ۣ˶ϰΪ
һ㣬ǻһͬϰף޵ĵλܸߡֻطΪŮδܰɷʵʩȴάúܺáǵѻŮȥױֱӽŮУʹδ꣬ҲĸܣȨ棬ŮĻ³ҲҪ˾˵ͷſɡĸȫ˵ϻˡ
濸ĸ˫ڣо˾òʲôҲԵ濵Ļ£ⲻǶ
ӭ˵Ĵƹһ˵Ļǰæᶫ˿ҲһˣذйҼǵóд̴ʣʦ˰⼸ȥſڣԩģѽҡּҶˡ
һðװۡ߸΢ֵˣƲ룬С۾гһƵˡصķԸС۾ų⣬Цеشϴܹܣţ±ܰ׵
ҪߣȴŮӵţ
ȴլ֮߳һòŮӣ֮ǰɴѾˡֳһɨļëһŭ߳һӣȵù̴ȣ
޶ˣҲз飬һڸ֦ŵĻ䣬޶ˣ
ڳˣ̺ɡء࣬ѽڣˡ
䭵Ķĭŷżææûüµĵݣҿ̺ǰɨ˳֣ѵһ߹ҲҪɨȥ˳
ʱˡ
䭡
Ҫһȥ濵ס֣ͷ濷ſվűߣ˿ǳĻƻ裬紵ȹ½ǣһѩɫ滨ź㣬˴Լ
æ˼ëӻȥߣǣס֣濣ҡ
һֱָֻϣƴּᶨȻԼҪ˵ʲôˡ
ûµġ
ΧУҲ׽éŻ·ûЧնƣⲻ˶λֵĹ۷׷ס
ԵĶӣĳЩĵϲţŮˣɣҲᣬҲ˼޸һ˶
˶ͬߵģĵΪհòƽ
λַھӣ濣Ҳ̩̺ŵˡ
̩̺ţ°滨ֵˡڳ˾⻧Щ⻧ԣ濾ǵķծ
ټվ̨֮ϣȻ۾Ű׳ۼȻ鲻Խֹͣ˽̸˵
һʱѻȸ
ֵֻұǽŮĸ׳ıĸ׵ļױұ˸ϣҸȥҸּҶϾ˹ϵּȨΪҶ顣˻Լú˸Ƹ»¡
ԱţôվȺǰƵģȻˡ
ʲô£
˭Ļ£

֮ǰéߺлʱŭȴţΪ֪Ż鲻ģҪôǽéҥҪôα죬ֻǷŭһֻʰΪ濳ҲΪ
˵Լʱڽ䭶УǸͷһסˡ
ӻûӦؿʹ̡
Ȼûǣûѹͼ濳һֻ֣΢ЦҾ˸ΪҶµδޣ䭡
էէϲһŽһʱ˵ʲôɺˡ
濳ʱİԼַŽԷģԷսȻ󱻶Էǣǰһ泯ˡ
̶λַȱϲơ
˵Ҳڳ֮ʲôӦǣŽתլӡ
˵ֵİգءѽڡ̺ɺһȻˡ
ԭǽü֮ݺ̺ʮ꣬ȴԴ̶߹Įͱ̺ϼء̩̺»мӣڳ֮Ȼȣȴһɡ
䭻ججرǣŽţƹӰڣˡֿס濣סı飬˵ס
濡šһ
䭿û˿Ц֮ɫûü޾ϲʱȪˮð˳
˵㵱ô˵ģܷڡ
΢΢Цڡ
䭸˻ˣ򴽣״εᱡңұˣֻҳס㣬뷴Ҳˡ
ս֣֣صִ֣֮ϡ
ԾţҲǶôֻ꣬㲻ҵңӲԸҳס
޷£³ͻȻδʹ⣬˵Ҫס
۽⣬Ⱒѵ֪
ֵˣ˵ôôί֪ǿ˳ӶĵòУҪ˵ҸˣôĨǣ濣Ҷδˣ㲻׼˼⡣
Цˡ
ǰδޡ֣Ҳ߲ˡ
ƽ赭ЦʱչնЦʵѵãЦݴżֺҲеظеĵ׵á
һЩŤ˵һд𣿡
ּҶŪ鲻䭳顱ֵʱĽʺˡ
ȴᡣ
һ¡
濳ס֣һָ˵üģдȥ˾˾ˣȹһӾ˾ˣѡƸ񡣶Ƹ֮ʱɾ˾ִʻ顣
ˣѾдþ˾˹ղ˵ģ
ΪΪƳҥԣһʱƭƭַھӣ˵ҪԼ׵Ļû뵽׼׵£ڳıҪˡ
䭽Ͱ͵ǡ˾ˣͬǵĻ𣿡


34 
濵᲻ͬ⣿
ҶŮ, ӹδŮӳ֮¡
濵еġ˵ǰйôȢޡŮӰ֮¡ǱҲŮӽľס󳤹ԺȢһλˡ
˵ĶǱǳ, ǡö֪
һ佫ҡ
ǰĩ꣬ŰūԭʮҾſաһ佫սӳ, Ѿ, ȴҲ͸һսɳûܻδ÷һ𳤴ԸԼ, ӵñְ, ɩɩȢ
ǱΪĳŮĹ¡µĺ֪, ҲŹóɻ󣬹һӸɩ
ʱܷƷ½رɽʤء
ǽǡ֮¡
սݱмαΧǣо, ȫǰյ֧, δ˵о̫, Ϊν, ױд±, ¼سĽʿ֡
, Ůϳǽսֹͣ³֮ʱ, ưܡػߣռжû׳ӣҲû˳ŮɣֻʣǽԼܱŮӡ֮硪ճСΪ棬ѪΪˣΪԽãڽݣͬʱƣ֮أ˫һޡ
ؽ֮һЩΪ΢ʣָܻ磬ߵ˹ģ˻浽֪
ȻЩŮ֮УЩһ佫֮ңĸֽ㶼ǵĹЩ˫֮󡢱Ǽû̫ʥּĸҪǰ;ĹԱ£
µ屻ѧԡΥ̫ѵ֮󡱵˹ǽһ־硣
Ǻ䶯ȫĹȢޡ֮¡
󳤹̫ճŮǵʵ۵Ĺùáϰ䣬˳ɽΨһ״ʦ
սʱʮ꣬ڴȥ˱߾ʮʱֳսһսպա
³Щ꣬𣬾Ϊƽ͢սгĻӻŮսɳСŮղҲضһս
һΣؾ͵͵һϸ輧ҡ
λ뺷Ĺ´Żɱլٵĸ輧ŵûʧɫЦȻǹɫ㣬ѹ졣
ҹȣŮҲ˹ϡ
⻹ꡣѰӣͱһˡҲĹСҵϵӵܣδΪɱ˸У
Ϊܳ衢ȨƵĹ̵һ
г˵λ輧֮Ҳǣǰȥĸðհ˽ӵԺ䣿
ƫԸ
תͰ˹ԼҹΪ֡Ȣ֮ûʵּΪƷİˣסԭԺӡ˵֮󻹱ʥϡҲǴ󳤹ֶӷΪ˻ʼ뺡û֪ۡ١
ȻȢ֮´ġڣܿ½֪
һȱѪ
Ҫ˶֪ûĵӣһ輧֮λֱܴ裡
˱ĿŵʽȢ޵ĵһŮˣɳ¶ĻǵŮӡ
Ϊоݡ
ʵںûаŮ˵۹ⶼںȫ˶ôݺὭôŴ
ڽ¥֮սдʬɽѪģ浶ǹҲ壬ֺξ
ԼԼ£ϲ濻š
ף˵Щ£ΪΪ׮Υµġ
ǻһģԷţСĺǻľȪУÿһ綼ůġ
濴ȫ
Ҳһ㲻ϸ¡
ʵں濵ľ˾Ƿͬ⣬ֻǲһίصѡ
·ܽʲôɵǵأ
ţ濵ľ˾˲ͬ⣬Ͱ󡭡˻ǰŪ¥̫˳ˣãҪԵ·ˡʱ˾治Ӧհɡ̺ó˷ˡ
䭰סϲǰˣ̾濣ôã
ֻˡ

ղڣڳǶʱɳȥ˱ˡ
ϢҵĽéּҵֻйء
ֻ濵ò
ּǽ壬˶ռŴƬءּҸңж鿼ѧӡ
濵ĸ׾š
ĸ̼֮ңƣָĲѧټ濵ĸױҲвѧָٰüһԼżʱ˲ٴʱ御
ºָȢ˽ܾ˵ֶŮֶԡ
ָȥȢʵ޿ɺǡֻȢ¸ȴȻ֮ǰһĸļױ˲ˡ
ڽǣǸ浽ѧǹϵ۵㡣濾˾ӹţĸˣָڼʱЭҪȿо¡
ȻһʮꡣʮˣֶѾͯˣָûо١
濿Ҫʱ濾˾˱ȥٳδ飬ССͰĸµļױþᡣ
˱ָ濶ףԻס濣ԴҪЮĸļױ
ȴ׼ּҷ֮ǰѲҵתȥ˱˾£ּҾѣּҽ׳
֮Ψָȥɥʱعһּլ˺δּ̤һ
Ȼ濵Ȼȥˣȴ֪ô͸¶峤һҡ峤ĳӣҲ濵òо֡
ԶڱǣּҸһ취ûС
һϹ飬аѰҡֹ硱䡣ɳ˻ʵۣûܲ鵽ִʦʵݣ֪ȥ˻װİ磬˼ݡҲҲˡ濷ֹ֮硱Ǽ
ûʵݣ£˰뵽ֹ罣ϡ
֮ǰˮˮļĸ˵Բμʱ˷纮һþͲˣʮĳӡŮӡ
ܾ˻ʱּЩϲĲǲҶϵģܾȥָ꣬ûˣּҶҲûˣϴŶϱӣּҴ㲻̫ˡ
ʱԶڱ˵ҲƵּҳŮ
£һΪѰۼҩΪϷɽˮԣԶ뱱֡
ʵݳõڻ˼ĸţȥҲʮ˳¡
Ӧģݣͻݴ鷳
é֮ǰŵĻϣ֤һдֻ֣һ㶼⡣
̶ӻ̽ϢҲֻ֤޴ݶļ
´ӳǶŸǹ֮һ·ȥһС¥ľ¥£ֱȥ˺Ƭֳ̺һߣһ·ȥ˽𸮣һԳӭӡǳƺԷ֡é˿׽Ҵǽ֮˰Ȧȥ𸮺СţҸͲԷˮϺ˵ҳӽéֻǶĺѡ
˵ͣһ£һ䣺ѡĸǵԭ
һ濣ֽŵָԷȥУЩ̾˽é
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éǳǶҵĴү
˵ҩ̣ݳǵ˶֪֮ǰǼҩĵĳŴĳӵծڻҩģָ߱߼ծҲȾȥɴ˷ҡ
񣬽ǽǺպҩ̡
̫үкüӣӱéʱĸǵճӣ쳣֮ĺӣȲܳ衣ĸȥ˽Ǯ䱾ݣΪ
һӼҾʵ룬ڶӱա
һλ̫浱Խ̵Ļ̣ϿλݲýĿŵ鷸ơټϽǶս뺷éѹգֻڰȡᡣ
֮ڽ
꣬ͷ£·ѽںࡣ
ԲԴϣ⡮¥峤ĲҵֻӦǴܡּڳĲ٣ּ峤ĳֻΪ󡣳Ҿ¥һɽӺһҵּ̡ϵھ¥ɽ¡ֻڳŶϣȴδǰ·ܡ


35 
濵㡣ǰҹݷΪѰ, 㵽
ǰҹ䭲ˣ濷ɸ봫÷ݺͽǵĻмΧ, ֳ
˿̻ûŵʱ˶Ƿǽ
ûʩչṦС
ҵˣ˰ҹ꣬ûٷŸ, 峿ŽӵϢءһһ۵ò, ղŻ˶ּҵĶҡ
ⶼΪյǣէǣҹҲܸµСŶһ, , ôۡڱ, ֶųȥҲն̺ŵߡԺڽǾˣ˱
ʱػˡ߽УֵϣѾȥ, ȫд״, ֻͽéд״ֽδνξ, ˹ȥʱ, ˵Ϸġ
濵˱
ξܳΰ, »б˵ġ, Ѿָӵöˡ
ص˵հʲ鳤˸飬ѷۻͷ, Щʱա
濻ͷոЩƱȥ
˵ѽһ¾ˣΪҪӣǷҩûأ
úСѵã´ǵûǮ
ѽ¸ˣţ

ôʱͥԺеС¡
ʮǰ䭴ԽΪĽ¡֮󲻾ã˽¥
ڽ¥׷ɱ֮£¹¡ǧﱼղ˯ҲҰղʳոһձ˶ĥΣͻƼޣܿ˳һĶ֡
ȴôҲɲʦ
ĥͻƣһ֣ȴԶɲʦ
ȻһճɲʦԶƣڱ޷Ƶľ档
ţһҪΪʦ
ô
ϡ˽һͬޣö򣬳Խʦ

ţҪƽľ׽Ȼɽˮ֮׷µУԣȻж
¥Χ׷½أγԣ
οǸ׵׵ˣܹ˴Ȼĥϲֵϲʳֻ쳾Ķ˵ЦòһҲװ´ȻΡ׳
һգʱ¹ӨӨԶ֮濡
濾ȥ֮ҹҹԶ߷˲ᡣ佭ܻ˵һҪˮһҪޣʶû徻
ȻƺòģߵĲˮȥ෿ϡŹֵĻʱشֻƵʱʰ
֪ǲΪ̫üˣ£ȴᣬͣ濴ģ䵭Գ֣ʵᡣ
˼Ľȴ޷ü
֪Ǹ˳ǣرǴȥʮа˾ԶԶؿһۡ°ѽ¥ȥֻǧ֮˼
е¡
£Ҳ·濣Ҳƽľɱƽľ
ִרһ׷ģһ£ʹﵽͨϵľ硣
ĳɱķһŷŵӣá
ҹϪ߲ѪϪˮеɱ¾Ĺƽ
յʤԼִǿܳɹģֵ·ǶԵģҲԸԳ
һҹ书絽һ۷ˮ׼Ľ䭹¶򣬷Ƶؿƿ
.
ԭһ˾屾ģձ£ܳɹͷͨ
ͦ򵥣αˣԼ£ԥɵжأ£ʵˣȡóɹĳˣҴ٣
ѹʦϡ١
ӡ׷ġͷͨһɸѡа֡ħ෴ϡЩָֻ֣ҪƽľħҲкܴܳΪʦ
Ĳ˼֮˳ΪʦҲͲΪˡ
.
Ѿʦˣֻصߡ
¸ʱϰԵգأ帹ࡣ
һ̣վ£·һ̱Ҫ˷ȥ
濴гʱ䭵ģܸоվͥԺС
䭣
䭵Ŀϣ̴ڤѣЦ绨ȣ첽ǰǣס֡
濼ǿֻһܼסе·֮ǰѾڸתһȦȴǲģҪǣǰߡ
УȴһҲ֣սߣѹ濣ҸոԡʱԡͰ˺ö໨꣬ſ㲻㣿
ͥУҹ΢紵Ļ΢΢ʪ
ͥԺд˿̷ֻˣȴѹߣڿտĳﹴ濵ĶơĪ˵ļò
ЩʧƬ̺󷽵ţһ㡣
Цһס΢΢ҵżջ벻볢
˵ʱ򣬷ֹϵľšľŹرյ΢ĦУգȻ׼ס°ͣ˹ȥ
ȻȽģˡ
ڴǣȻ˱ĴԴһ䱦
һ·£һֱĺᣬоصĺ濿Ƶҧһϵ⣬ǡ
һһˣӵſľϣʪʪĺ濽㣬ļŶ
ſڴƻơ
§ӣЦ
ƽʱأԴ£ضøΪׯأ֮ǰȻǲɽźת˿ƽļ
Դ֪׼ɻ£͸̵ĸе濴ءð֮סҪɻ飬ܲģ
ʵǰһֱΪԼл
ǰˮʱҲŶʮճͷȵͻС㣬Сܳ谮۹̫ߣһֱûϲˣҲûڴ
ȥܶ磬ݵĻ磬ѵĻ磬ͬѧĻ硣ȺУŸֲͬ˾ֻ·ϯƱյԹۡδˣҲ᲻ãֻᷳ
õѱ곤ʮ꣬е֣ҲѲ࣬ĸҲͲˣɴû񣬰ѼѽһһٴͣĶȥˡ
õѶûҪ͸ûڴˡ
ֱΪɳϡ
ɵشϽڵؾ൱ڵصѧãкʵĺӾϰ֡ɺͷԲǧմ״ʡ
һΣһԶϽͣһλ˳ѣֱʱ˶ᡣ˵Ϊֵܡ
ǿȻҲô롣
˵Ľ죬˴ǽݡ
ǿ˺֡ǲҪݣ㰸ȻƾƣͷҲаԷ˵󣬿ҲӦˡ
䣬λ˵һͷţһͷһֻһȺѼ졣
󣬿Լ
ӭɺΧΪ׼Ľʢ硣
쳣ж˵꣬ȻһֱǵԼٵʱ·һֱЩĺѻ᲻ֻһ˵ôʱ䣬᲻ˣóȻţð
뵽ǰ֮꣬Ծˡ
û׼ʢʧȥһǣĺڼԴ
ˡ
׵ԼĶ׼֮񣬸ԼƯֻѪΪˣΪֵܡ˰ԼļˡѽܸЩ˶Դ˾Դλһ޶ˣдڼϡ
λ˻ؼҺÿ궼͡ҪѲҲͼ
Ȼһ꿪ʼλ˺ȻʧȥѶ
˳ɽѰңȴȥ¥ա
ֹ˼꣬˵һɣҵλˣһ˱¥׷ɱ۽ֵܣһҹӣأδѶϢ
һȫף׷ɱ
λȻֻɵͨӣһңһ˽˳𣬾Ǻɽ˳
ϽԭлԭУ֪ʲô·֮ǸȻһǿĳҡĽ¡ĽϣϣĽýǮ˶Ϸԭ֣ɹ㷢Ͻʿһ·ѽɼš
ŷλʦҲĽ¡ɱˡ
䭲ûһݵʢ硣ɵʱ䲻࣬ʢҲǺϡٵģ֮ҲûۼеӽҲ󵽼֡
һˣԭʽСܼر˴еķ
ߵ磬ѪΪһǳҪ£Ȼ
Ҫһ
ܲڴܲΣ


36 
䭼濻, ѽ˵ˣԭϵĴ԰ӣϴ֮, СԺ
濵ɺϡ̽ЩѲ̡
һЦˣϴȻˣΪʲôĶˣ
濣
䭵, ǲϹּˣһ˫ء
Ҳס̺֮ķ, ЦѽǳԵĿͷ
죬װߵ˹ˡú, ѻ˼ҵҩ, ж֪𣿡
̧ͷ, Цǳ
ٳǲпζ
˵ţǰ㣬濱Ǽഥš
ס죬׼˵, ҲסϢЩ, ЪϢ
䭾֪ǰ濲ɽ֮, Żӷòϲ̵, ϲ޿κεɫ
ط, ʱ, Ѵҵ൱Ӱӡе񱣬ӡ
ǰֻǰ, ·ɰɫˡ̺żͦأĨǸѽ˵ɶǽڣʵܾ˽ﱻԼһ˲ϵӱѽڿ档
»档
ǵõ꽭䭿дʱ򣬶Ҫ˼ȫ˲±ʣ覡һΣһдˣҪŶȫдһī
ʮĽ䭿ر濣˵ǿ֢
ȻûʣȴҲܲµһ֪Ǻûд֣䭵ҩ˻
ɬڴϰ̱ƫƫӲؿҲֹڣڴӿޣ˼С۶Ϊ۽ǸǶǺ˵˵С濽Ǿ󾫡־Զ֤´Ҳ濴ˡ
һּ
۽ôңֻҪ£ѽ䭶ϡ
䭾ԼһҲǷҪǰĹʵһģ̫ɰˡأʱڴ¿ֻҪ濳һյʱ䲻ͻܡ
ʮδģһζȴšֻ˵˵࿴ԼȴܲסѻҶ̵ĳ죬С֮ÿÿ뵽Щ¶Լޡ
һ;Լǿʮ㡣濲ڷеʱϰڹһ춼һʱĿôҲƲôûϢ
ǰձʳ˼ʱյĲڷ⣬˶ׯִͤͤ£¾õ
Ŀ̫ãʱԼտ˿Ҫϸë
䭿ȥһϵëʲôо
һСʱѹӢëҪ
һ۵ڷСʱڶˡ΢С£ϵë
ڵ֮ĿƣȻͣǳıϡ
ָᰴѹǣĴջҪᱡؿǣʹý䭺Ȼѹֹͣ˿ɿָ⡣
ٿ濣޷ӦӦ˯С
ֻǶˡ
̾һ߿
ɢȥӰ
䭲͵濵¶ִǵ׽ǿ׷µƹŴ磬ᱡˡܴĽţ˽̰
ҪðҲڶԷŵʱ
Ҳڡ
ŵȻԼ޷ȷǾͲ²֪ܷеĳŵ
ҪԽأҲҪȽԼ֮
䭱ԽݣҪǿһݻٽ¥ʱҲĹһմȫʤȥߣ濻ġһֻѿԭٰ׽Ҳġô죿
ÿʱܻǸ
ֹˮаװ˯޲
ʵ֤ûд

ǧ֮Ĵ¥
ֵ
ȫţˡߵģбɽŸɲġС
¥ߵİԡҫ۶º͵ĳ
òĪ棬һɫ纷һɫۣ˿һɷΡ
Ųˮǰ̯Ͱ͵ֽ˼
ֽ̺ɵıʼôҲ̺ɵϰߣдȴ˼
ֽ˵ǣ̺ȥʱ򣬾˴δɱĶǸƷڡɿи̡˼ãͶͶλ̩̺֮¶Ҷмӣҳִ󷽣Ը¥Сһţϣ޴СȫǰȥͶ
̺ʲôˣЩڽ¥Ļͷ
˷İѱ¾ֻĽǸŮܻסĽ´ڵĹϢѧúܺãϢʱһʦԷ
һֱǵȽ¥֮ԵõɣΪ޷˷޵ĴͽĳǱΪ顣
òƴƴŪ˽¥ôٸԼҸң
ʲôƷڡɿиͶֱǺ˵˵ҪаĻɣʵΪµһ˾ĸ졣
˵һĹΪ¶Ҹ̬Ϊʲô
ȫ¥ȥͶСǵδһ֪׵̼֣֮
̺Ƿ
ŵҲǱ˱дġ
ѵӵѹ̫ˣ
¥ĺǣ¥ⲻãֻ˵ǿڡҪϯҪīֽ⣬չСӵ͸ȷʵܴ벻Ľµӿ¼ֲ˶á

⣬¥Ųδţ׵Ȼ
еıΪֶ˳ȥ
ű˴򿪵˲䣬ôȥۿҪ׵ıϣۼֿġ
գգۣ۵ķޣ
޵
Ŷá׼˵ûʲô¶ָ
޵㲻׼ٽƹġУո·ûŲṦģǲ˶ָ֪֣
Ľѵûʱ¥˵⣬ԹԴԴϴǡԺ涼Ṧ
ѵˣһֽá̵ķɸ봫ˡ
޴ֽ
ʼһûһ쳣
ڶŵдǣ濵ڳϺ˽лԼսҪɻ顣˵ʢһҪ㴦ľ¥ȥظ뽭ףء¶ҳִ󷽣δУڻһģȥմմ⣬ԶõǮ
ǰһŲͬǣл˰
ϣɵǮ࣬ƭ
ޣ


37 
ʣշ, û飿
ɮֺǺǵУһͰǶ
޵ͷ
ɮǰ¥ʿֻ, ͨΪʮҳϿɿ˵ÿîʱ̽С𴲶飬һ˿ذ˽
ǽ˵ķʽȽϴ³һͭǵԷôӡѡãȫҶѡ
ް¥Ĳ˯, Ϊ峿ʱõ߻ħ
̺ɸ봫, ߴȥǣŽȥǵĹΡ
뿪¥ȥһ֮ĴԺ
ȷʵ, á
зʮС͵š˿ûڸԵλϰ, Χĺǰֹǻȶ, ǹСһվš
ɮûд֣׼һɤӣסˡεϯаˣ֪ѧΣ˽ν
صķӵӺô󰡣˵⻰Сٶ, Ǽܾ, һ, һӰɫ̥ǡ
ѽ, ȻߣС˸, ĹԴ
Ҫ´֩룿ݸ߸ߵĶ顣ӿյ, ֻֽȫ
֩벻á߿԰ε֩ûȥءϲ˰̵С˵
üĶһ, ߣռǹΣҪôߴǵˣ˻Ҫ顢
ߵŮĹãдд𣿡
ʮĶŮͯޱᡣ˯ˡ
С㣬Ӳ㷣վ
Ůͯǰ¥ﶼǷվʱ˯վ˯Ķ¥ˡ
ͷŶŶǰǷֵʿӪġ
ȻԱŴ˯Скģǰ¥鱨űôдô
˯ˮԼѹһܣŴңգգ۾˵С¹һ۾޹ãȻ
һ顣ľʣµָѵһᱳ飬дء
֪Ҫдд
ΨһһдҵֻҪεġȻҲûӽΣãȻҪдʲô
԰϶дʲô
ԡʡΪ⡣
ĺܿᡣ
ۣʲô
룬š
²С㻹𣿡
ĵţ
˿
ֹðɣҲС
ҪдµĴ̾
ȻҪдһŸӰɣߡǲӣͰҵСƭèèٸдš
Сӣĸϻô죿
ҪֱӴϷӵȰɣ
СССͷ
¼򵥣һᡣ
Ҳᡣ
ţȡ
ֻꡢָС۾ЦŸźȣȣ
վڷߵü˳۵ɮȻҲһСǵķԡ
һһ߿޵ɫǵ亹ðˡ
˭֪ĸϻĽŮغӵѧҵ߶˵ҪȺСǾȻҪˣҵʦ
ȡֳɮҲȥǰͭɤӺˣһȻҲʦңңҴǵȣ
ޣ
ˣ֪СĶѧˡ


ɨһ۹һŵСǣŭҧгݵضɮأ
ȥɽȥˡ
ȥһº顣
׻ʱ򣬿СһɥõϹţһһš
΢΢һЦƿһȤ¶ǣȥ鷿
߽ȥ΢ЦŹֵƹġ
վߣһϻӣ顣ˣҪһ¡̼ˣ֪ɣ
֪ġ
Ʋֺ룬ЦеģôǸǸļ̡
޵Ĳˡ
׻ЦеģҪˡ

ްڰ֣ŵݸȻѣһף˵ģ룬δǸõѡ㿴أ
׽ӹſһ飬Цˣ
ΪСλ̩̺ŵŮˣòڱǺպΪ˼壬ֳıԡλؽϼң˵Ҫ̵ֶֶŮȻɫõϯ
ۼҵǱ¥ˣ־һͷϷߡָѽʱ·԰˽֮УѰռҺһѧкô
䣬Щȭţ书ҲԵ֡˵ǱߵĶҲ˫ޣҲ쵣Сǰϯȴˡ
һ仰ɫԺЩĽǰŵҪǰЩСӶˣζȪºѽ
޴ϻóŵЩţ̸ңų֣Ϣ̳ȥأô¡
ǡ

ء
ҹҹһꡣ
Ǿ˵ļꡣѾǶ̶̼Уĵڶˡ
ľҶ˻㡣
̺컹ûѾ𴲾ҵҵشš˯ǴűߵǼ᷿ǰһų¾ɵľΣϳøɸɾˡ
ηźȥɫСñϣű߼˯
ˣֻҪŮլװģҵҵŷ˭Ҳ첻ߣ
ǿˣжڣŮûϻһ㶼£ûһ취
ŮһҲ֪ҲǸָ֣ʦ
̺ɵľһλʦ
ͺˡ
ٺ٣ŮȤܡ
ȤǣλҲ֪ʦֵ֪аŮĽ¡
Ӵ
˻˻Լڲ֮óף
Ȥ̫Ȥˣ
붼˷ܵ˯ž
ô֣ô̺һ˿ô¥Сһ
Ľµ겻һֱ˵û
ĿˡǳƫЩŮŮ׷ᣬֻһ
ЩŮõָ֡Ȩ֪ǵõŮҪĻϲؼ޸һˣ֪Ǻֱ飿

ôĿֵľ֮λøˣŷλãһҪռסˣ˭Ҳߣ
ˣ˵ɨ㿪ʼɨҶ
ϷľΪﶬҶӡҶѿͻҶ˰ҹС֮±ϡϡҶӡ
Ժвʯ壬ģӦԺ֮ݹˡҶʪʯϣѰ۶ˮ壬̺Լ书һɨͰŵǰԺɨøɸɾ
Ƚų߳ʱǰԺɽʯϵҲɨ˸ɾ
䭰ҧһۣߣŷڿ졣
̺Це˵˹ˡ
ˡȡҲŮԭҲı鶼סˣ¶ڵĻϲ


38 
սŮװģؿһ, ʲôˡϹ˵ڻء
̺룬ǫĻҲ̫ˡЦôɵ˭ʣ
ü˳ۡܿˡҲ, ۶ҡ
䭰غһԼ⻬۹⡣
̺ʶʱһʱҲҲɰߣֻ, תȥҡ
ǰǸԻ, ˡҲǲǽúܣԸ⶯֡, Ϊ˳ԵԼϲķ, һרŵĳ, ָԼϲԵĲˡ
ǸΪ˰Ĳ׾ΪУ֪ʦ֣ڽ䭵Ƥӵҩ
ýʲôԭ䭼ҳԷаߵʱ˳־Ӵûˡ
Ȼ죬ӵĸҲ治ɫĳţȻ˺õʳ, ˵ĳ, ô¶һأ
ڴ, ܶ, û濳ʳ, Ѿеź֮һһҪֲ
, ƻĩͷǰֻ踺濡ѽںԼʳֶƻĩʮ͸, ʮˣߣɼ濵Ρ
Ȼǲã书ߣǲġܼرлӵĽͷҲƻĩ˵ʦ
ƻĩһ˲ٳֳû㹦æ
䭵ʱƻĩ⡣
ȷе˵ͷ
ƻĩնǵһȥͷͬƤм䱻ƿǷɽк͹ͷײϵֳơ˼ˣ»ᾪ̾ƻĩȻ˴
һǱɴСȵĹ飬Աߵľϡ
ԱߵˮͰһͰˮʮأС
վſڣЩ޴ش˴֣кηԸ
䭵ûʲôҿ԰æĵط
ƻĩ̵סؽﶯ֣ҳأŪ˹֡
Цӯӯ֪ѽҲ֣Ϳ㶯֡
ƻĩҡͷˡأطȾˡ
䭲ǵһƻĩ˵
ڴʱҩƻĩġָ֮濡
ƻĩǸƢܺõˣ࣬Ը󡣱˿۾ʱԵЩ޴롣
ڽΪӦǸܺ˵ˡ
䭺ԺҾóԵĸ濡
ƻĩ˫ۿţҿ΢΢ͷˡֲ
˻
ʦֽ䭺ȻؿһʹƱСһġ
Цⲻǻôǲǵڴϵʱ㻹̹ƬࣿʱҲҲѧƻĩĺʦڣҾҿԡ
󼸸ֽն
ƻĩеġѧ˺üʱѧᣬѧģϳԲϷ
䭣
Ҳôֱӡ
ȺƤ֮ҲֲסƻĩĴһ˵Ҳѧƻĩ㿴òãԱ߿ţ֡ҸҪĲô
ƻĩָء
ƶˣΪΣ
ƻĩصأ˵ˣñ˽Ҳ˿ԡ
Ц˵ֲˣϵδޡ
ƻĩء
䭣
ôβ
ƻĩ͵͵һۣûϵκ˽Ҳķˡ
䭵ϴϻ̡࣬
˵ҲӦ
ȻƻĩǴҽġ
ԣ򴽣ѹ˸۵˼
գ䭵ãģҲȥҲ֡һҸдһŲף㰴дˣ˰ɣ
ƻĩգգۣͷáҵϡ
䭵Ҹϲæòã
ƻĩЩ޴룬ŵеġ
䭿һ˿񣬸̵µķԳԼȻСλСЦЦáǱˡ
󵥴ȴָĹִҲ֪ͨ
ȻҪͽ䭳ף̺˭֪δϰλȴһֺ˼ûСνλ׼ϰﻨǲͬ⡣
Ĺнֹ䭶У˸򶯲ˡ
ȻԼö˻һҽԼǱ¥Լð佣¥ĳж¶ȻݣԾ£κ˶ʳϵİȫ
תغԺʱºҪ뿪ء䭽סܹ
عֵкηԸ
䭵ҼԺвֲãм԰һġ
عԭﻹˮ֮
°΢̧һưͳֳҲˮ֮Ǿò⡣
Ǹģͷģ̺רŴݵۣ
һֱ۲죬̬û˿̬Ӱ죬ɵôǴһ˿Ц⡣

߽ʱûνŲżʱɤӣֵغһ
濣
ȻΣëûһ˿ͣ٣ֽ֮ϰֽ࣬һ˿ī㡣
䭼龰˵˵ദҲ뵽Լεĵо
Խǰ㲻ϲѧһȷʵôõó֣ҲǿȥԽûʱ侲֡
ˮƽеġ
˵濵ãһȥÿֶУƪֺһ˸еͣ˵¡
ٳվ
еĳƺõƣĸˡ
Ȼд濸ĸдġ
ϻһžµӡ
äд˻ţ䭽ӹеëʷΪϴ˷ŻرʼܣӦ졣Ϊ˽ҵ£
ҡͷҵ¶˵ֻС¡ҵ
䭲ˣ붼룡ǵС
޳ܡȻõذ濵˵ġ
ЦˣȻ⡣ҪĿɲһƥǷ⡣
䭴ǰõ䷽ߵʱ¢·ߣҲǱ˴˦ƹ񣬶ⳡ²С
ѣһ¾ͨ˹ؽˡ
Ϸȱ
䭵̶ֱͨԭȶţԴ
䭻Ȼ򣺡ǵĳӣʮƥһ·ҡУ۲ˡ
𿴽ƺɱʵռһƥļ۸õִҲϰһ˼һ
νĸ䡣֮Ϊ˱ѪҪ⣬ҪҩԡЩѲơҪΪָ֣ʳڣûǮҲǲеġǮȫŷŸġҲʦǮԼǵǮȫó
ΪǮΪݺὭʿа˽ɽ˲ݡ
ԣرǺӹ۸񶼲͡Ʋˣ͹Щ¸
䭱ҲһУԼ϶˽ﰲȵģ㲻ᣬȴ濣濣ƻĩ˵ڴϵʱ³רС⣿㵽ʲôʱϳҵѽ
濵ˮоʱ򡣡
䭣ǲǣǲʼ֪˭ˣ
һֱΪϴ֮濲Žϳ
ֵΪû˵ƣ֪
濵룬ǰݣǲϳ㣬ֺα˵أ
ˣھεض±ס´Ҳˡ
̫̾ˡ
ҲŽ䭵ķ˿ЦζֻૣǴɰ


39 
պ
ʢȥ͵, Ͷڽա
濵е濶˸ԺӵѽڴѽٲȻ̺Ķ
ڴʱ, ѽỵ̈æתټСԺ֮ţ㣬һ춼ûˡ
ȴЩͬ
ʱ, ڰš
޳ܡԼӼǰҨ濲, ʢһȴֲҪ
ĹѽںȻˡ
ѽת, 䭵ͬʱ, 䭵Ҳ
Ϊ濵ڵĳŵ, 䭸˵ò֪йŵıϵ˸ٱ˵
ѽڵĵûֹͣӵоôߡ
ѽЦЦƿĿ⣬ǹһĨ΢Цֱָ, ָָĦ濵ֱ, ֽ濽, ˼ҪǱߵĶ~
Ǳߡֵһ, ˵˼ҪĶ
һ, ˭еĿЦ
ƫƫ濾Ƶ, ºȶСӣȥװС
ֻǽֵֻ, ַֿס
Ҫ䭣˵Ҫι~
䭶˶е֣ʾ㿴ҶûԼÿˣ濽㣬ιҡ
˵֮ʱ΢΢ɿ֡
䭳濰ѹ΢ɵһ˲䣬תĳϣָ濵Ĵʮָۣ޼䡣
ָ촦ļţỺĻ⻬ǵҲȲϵġ
ˣûˡ
˿̣峿ԺµġӰӣҲϾŲԶİ
䭻ĺ£մ˶ɫĳȹ˼ޣһ
ֳ°ͣˮ˫ֱֱҲ濣֬ļϣһɫ⣬Ե顣
濽վȻҲû£Ǻɫȹ
֪ΪȹĳУΪǰ䭹ȵĿ⣬յ濿ô䡣˶ׯü京Цûü۾˿˫ۣë΢΢
濱۾ܾ׼жÿӵķλʳеúС״ȡСͬڷųưĽ״
濻˹꣬΢΢̧ߣ£ʢװӶ˼һ飬ݵǰ
޹ǵؿӣŶݵǰſ촽ס⣬𶹸
濿
ǿʦ֪ԼΪµһСʹָĶ⾫ϸٿԺﻹԭǰ֮˵ÿһճһûвĶ̬ͼ
ڣбࡣ˳ָԼ°ͣĿƣһ
Ŷݹȥͬʱ˱΢΢촽סһ۰ףɫ¶ϣ΢΢Ķ⣬ֻᡣ
Ľ֣֣˽һ
ûнǴĿУȽ֪
ǿӾӳָ
ıͲǹǴɿָָ꣬Ϊθǿң飬λʦֵֶһ¡
뿪ˡ
΢΢ʪ
ȻҲо˿һšײ΢
˵̰ᡱĻ䭵ʱûֵߵĺͯһգº󷴸ĥȴµĶ濶ŮӼܹ֪֮֮£˵Ļ
뵽˴Ŵװջؿӵ濣óѵЦ
ʹ濿Ҳ֪һʤյʢ
䭼⣬תƻ⣬ôԼе׼ѽ̣ԺҪġ
ӣ۸濿ѵĶѵʳˡرһеСŪõһš
Ƶʱ򣬱Եᱻͣࡣмʵ
ҵвûס濡еĿǳ۾һ׼װСӴڼСı˵㣬ѹԵӲȣ׼ȷļ㽭Ҫı顣
һ濲ٸᡣʳմĴӾ˻ȥ
䭻Цû濷¿ӣֽεεغ濽㣬ιҺȺѽ
˵ʱİԼӷŽ濵Ķ濵ԼС
濵ֱֽסţֻ÷¹꣬бġԼùӸι˼סٵͷʱԼĶ֥ζͣһ¡
䭿һĻֲ֧Цû֦Ҳ
ε֡
䭿һ۵ԱߵѽڣŹ濣ٵң

ѽԶԶվ£ŵؿǰһĻ
أٶ۵ѽסԭ֮ǰ϶Խ䭵ЩŹ֣Ǵ
ϣʦն˵ҪŮӳףȣΪ濵𾴳ݣһվ֧֡
ʹ˷˼ľҲʲô⡣ԡֹ硱ľ춯صĴ¶ȥˣŮӳʲôأ
Ծδϸ룬Ϊ濺ȻҪס
Ȼ׹ʦɻ飬ȻΪҪɪ١ͷϡ
ǰĺ꾫ʦ˰
Ǹ˰ĽʦʦҲʦǰ꾫һǣ˲ŰٰݡǨ͡
ʦӲ˹ò;ߣѽС󵽵СͽҲСƭʦӣʦȻûֹװ֪֡ԭʦ˵ģ

ʰ꣬ЦӯӯضǱߵѽ֣һŮ˵ļƣѽ
ȻɫһΡ
𽥷濶ѽڷͬѰȻѽڸɵ˷Ļ濴̬ȴ¡Ѿߣˡ󱲡
ⲻУ˻Ҳ۹ġ濾Ϳɼһߡ
𽥷ˣ濻࣬䣬ʵΪ˴ܵԲ濾ֻ˼صû
ѽڻҲ࣬ȴӣͨ͸ֱףίߣ۹ⳤԶСۡ
ںͽһ˵ʱ򣬾Ϳɸоʮרעѧ̽ʱһѪڲ֮⣬Եº񾲡СԴּ̣ⳡϵȷѪ꣬ȻΪӰ졣
ڽ䭵ѧʶȫΧ˽䭵Ҳں
ֻҪʦϲˡ
߹濵ϣݰˣ˼ҰѰˣߡǷ¶ˡ
šҡ־ͶĵĲС
ǣ濣ǰϾ͵ȥ˷ˡ
濵ȥǰЩ˱éѹ˰ѲȥָЩΪ
䭵ԣҪͭ࣬͹ȥǶ֪ǽ⳥㶫Ʋϣת͡Ŀ
ѽҲǸԸԿģ֣ǰһãһȥ죡
õúáȻΪռͱʵǿûɲҵĺȷͱѹİһǿȫߵġǽڴ˵˶ĵͷߣҲûºŪȥ
һŮӣܼɻԼԿȥ۵ġۡǻ֣̿˶Ĵ¡
ѽȴںЩ
濽̳ģо̼֮УʦԵ̵ָֻ֡Ϊ˵ߣϰͨ˵ķʽϲñ⡣һ˽éֺ㣬ʲô
䭵飬⡣
УֶɵλҲˣȥָ͡
ָλ磬С·ûȥٵһʱ
ѽֵҸһ
濵á
днڣɼģȥͣҲ˵÷ǳֿ
ȴᡣȥ
ѽֵҼǵôǰǻûʱͨţô˽ȴˣ


40 
ĸֺ㹴é, ڣ񶼹֮Уּ˶Ӧ֪, ּһǰλĸҲûг棬ȴֻ赭дһдȥָ
˼޻⣬ҲδǸɼּǿ֮, Ƕ޺ͽء˵õӹȥ, ֪߱ΪۡǳէݵĸһԿţҵ, ̺ŵ, ʧ
ͣһ, ֵֺ֪֣ϻɾ
ѽŭˣ
濻ҪһȥĶŮסҸ׵Ĳҵ
ԳŮıҲǱҪҺּ峤һǣơ
ڱúãּһжţѾҪҺͽ⵱֮Թǿĸ׵ļױմ󲿷ֱҴ, 㲻ʲôԹ, ּұϾҸ, ͽ, Ҷ벻ܾǿ, ŮӶ, ɽ֡޸éˣֻ, ˵̩̺ŶּС
ѽڼæǰס濵ӣΣ
濵ˣ˵̰ŭ
ѽƲǸð㡢С㣬ǲУ
ЦãСҡ
ѽŵͷʦµһ
ֵϾּҺͽ⣬Żְøֺ㣬ּҽ𣿡
濵ԡ⻹ҪġҪѹĪеĻӰ죬г塣˾ԶߣԶˮȲ˽ҳĸԳΪȻһҶͷ˳ǰӵСĸסȨҽʧ˵塣
Ҳ˼֣۾ɱǻˣ
ǰĽ䭣ǶȻжг𱨳ȻʦĽ¡ѾˣѾǿƨ뿪ˡ
ڶӽǣһһжҪע⣬ɸ濴κ
ʰЩСֻмһԴա
ѽڵûĵ
濵صġҲ֪ı㣬Ҳ
ѽ룬˵ǡ
û䭣Ҳֻʰ˽éˣԣּκˡ֮ǰϾ˵ˣֻּµһڣϼ˺ͽ⣬ּҸǳС
ѽڷˣˣϣˊˣСš
濵ɡ
ѽڵͷȥˡ
濶Խ䭵ˊĸֻҲϸġҪţҡ
ڣֲ㱻ץߵһʦֵ˯ѨŻ˵ʵѧտƷɿأоá
ȻЦе˵á
濴δϸʹ顣֮ǰŵѣˡôش
Ҷδѯʹ
תһ룬֪ǵҹ˾ţһء
ѹ⼸գ濴Ӳ뿪ͥԺӰ룬ͬͬסԺָ²ֲҲڲԶСоȴǵ¡
ĵ濾ȴϸ¡
Ƭ̺ѽڴŹˊˊŮӣסڶСԺǽߣýмԺӵĶࡣҲǿǵ£Щȥһڿվܷǽˡ

濺ѽȥĸϣԺȻ
⼸գСԺ֣Դͷǽ䭡һޣС̫һ˾Ժ
˵Ҳֲָݡɨͥ
˵񾲵Ȼһһˣϸ΢޺ۣȴǵϸҡҷˡ
ͣˣ֦
գ濵һγš
һ뿪ԺӺȻž
еЦⰵ֮֮ж˼Ȼ¶ķâ
̺ɲ֪ʲôʱվڶţͥԺе²ã֮̾䣬ԲľʯΪ̨ͤΪۣһ󰡣
ʵˮƽɣ¥󷨵ʱ򣬸ûİɣ
䭿һۣЦһŷúڴſڿţԺʲô̵ؼҲܿģ
ʵν󣬾һСΪĵ԰ֲֶѡһڽ¥˳ߵ鼮Уһϻװָ壬滭ͼ
䭱оһ£Щָǰһλ彫
д󲿷սжʧһֱ¼б飬ҲıԡһԳСɽ֡԰ΪĲͼǽָ壬δü飬װշת¥á
ŷű׼׸Ͷ֮ˣûüͱ˳ߡ
ǰѧ滭ԭϹӰжߵӰ죬ɲϣýɵĴ̿޻ء
ְѲķΧСΪС԰ֺլԺ֣壬ڵ˵Ŀ̽ǱѶȡ
¥ͺǾסԺֱʡ¥ץס˺üСëԺץס˺üҪȥСƨ
̺ȻҲ֪䭵͡ĹϢǽ䭽̵ģҲʦͽ֮ꡣǽ̹Ϣ򵥣ֱӰؼָ͹ˣ԰־ѧʿɲһܳɵģдװһܡ
֮ǰϵأټ棬дë֣ܽ
̺۲š󷨡ܾˣνûŷŶץסÿֲСԺĲľϽԹ͵ʦЩ䳰ȷʲô
Ƥ䣺ͨġϷأľӰգֱǹ񹤣´±ס󷨻δͣĦĦ
ľݸֲ֦Ҷ޼³ܳ͡ԺСܷӵĵط࣬㵽ԲüΪϸ¡
첻Ҳһ⻬ֵɱսѴ򽻵ڿǱˣ
ǵҪͿ׼Ժӡ½ţð㡣
̺ɵϣлˡ
⿴һ۽ﾲûʲôڸеĹˊȰ⡢˿ҪţǷ˿ɵСĵˡҺͷ˳֮£⼸Ѿ÷з֮˲٣˵Ҳ˳ţǧЩ˼ƽϡ򣬽䣬˻һӦ
飿䭰濺͸ʧ˾ƵģԭҲû׼Ͻ֡һ˸ڮĻ£̾˾²Ҫš
ҵҪЩĸҲǰ
䭲濣ϯͳҽ̵Ǹѵʿɱֺ׼ɫ˵ĹߣǰҲֻһͨˣϲܳмֽݡֶ顪ǲܵģܿϴѧȫߡǿ
ϲѾź˹ĶǴ棬صʱѧӣһͷȣһ˶ˣٲȥéޡ
֪Ҫȥ֪ｻ棬鷳ڼ濻֮ôЩŪŷţΪʵڲó⾭ܲסŰµ졣
ΪĲ˵ӣ˹Ŵһд֡顣ϰ䡢֡ܶ졭С


41 
, ѽڱóؽš
˵֪д˹ɣ֮ϱ̲, ׼Ѻ͹ȥͨˡɣز书ϣദˣǳ;ȥǣδɡ
濵ڷݸֵʦϢ𣿡
ѽҡͷûСʦٱ, ʦǰ, Ϸ٣ѡ
濵ǡһʦڷҹҽֵŮӣصϷ¶ٵŮʦ
ѽڵͷá
ֵ, ̺ɡһʶλŮʦ
ѽڵѣҸһŵĿ, ͲУ
濵, ټηֱùִߣȻͼıǱĵš
ѽڵԽﲻأ
濵õ˻
ѽڶˡܵ˺ܲôһȺ˷ʦƤӵ£̺ɲҶ
ֵԷһ˹˵, 䭡ȴõ˵, ǰӿ¥
ѽӦ¡
ʣɣص, 𰲻𣿡
ѽڵδķɸ봫ٽӦܵ, ɣع鰸, Ҫú
濵ɣصΣݸĴҽ, ÿȥһˡ
ѽڵϷģõúءλʦӦǾͨ, ɣȻ˶࣬ء˿ϲ֪ʲôҩۣȻһ㶼ûгŧס֪⣬̲˸дҩȶһʱˡ
濵һͨУæǵȥɣأҹʦ˭
ڲԣĿӣֲ飿
ĵطأ
ⲻд𣿱Ǽⲻд𣿵ͷҡͷҲ˵еǰ취
ѽգգۣͷء

˵ط֪ӭ˳һ˽ȥĵϰ˺̸֣ȴϾӶСԺǽׯ԰࣬ϰ˿ȥתת羰ʯᾡ
˵˴֪رͣסˡĻԣ˴˽֪
ܵл˺⡣ӳ֣һ֦ӣδ޽ϣһլԺӡ
֪ϵЦʤ˵ϰǽã˽ȴӣʵ̡
Ȼǫѷܡ

ߺ󣬽֪鷿һصĻƿƬ
ʹѾⲻҿֱ֪صķϹԺʹӣŽȥ
үôˣ
֪ذѽյ˵һ飬޳Ծӡǰ״ƶ֮ˣִ̩Щ⾫ǧԶĮԭ̾ʣô°滨֡üׯӣ
Էһŭֵ̫ۼҵļɽֶѣֲǮ˲֪ôҡּҡңݵľңļҲүֱ棿ҲᣬҽƣһëΣĴΣ
֪˵ֱףƤ̫¶ǣʧ˹ġվŭûֹƾ˵ԼĵͬĻŮȷʵ֪ô
ҩ⣬ԴγóΪڸΪֺý֪أլ޳СּҸңѧӵܲ٣ЩͯΪֺý֪أҲ̼˵ûӦĵزҲТ
֪شϻۣдúãΪԲȻ̰ƣȴΪۿҪжΣլѾ߼ˣȴмƶɽͷδ֡ϲۺϽ£ѹһʡ
˭֪ʶʱ
⣬˻ͷ˵Ҫ֪⣬˳ƿһ
Ȼװɵ㶣ǲäˣҲϹ
治֮⣬ô
Է˵үŮ˲ʶ̧٣ġ˵״òֺͽé飿Ϊ޻£ⶨ飬˵죿ΪʮߣδޣТΥ¡ƾܳµĻ£Ůӳףʵ˴治
֪صͷȲТ޵֮ˣٵʹ硣
ĸۣԸѽéֺˣýûٴ
үû˵꣬۱ԥŴĻδ˵޺ӵȱˣѾȥ˳⡭
ʲô֪ؾ˽Դη
Ϊѵ⡭δξܲΰҪߣҲס
֪صȻ֪λξֹʲôŭǣ֮ǰѾԸһҪѺУϸϸܣԴѯ
էȻ˷Ѻ߱𴦣ֱд
֮ǰһξԽ֪հ²ܡǰӵǨҲˣξһְȱá
֪ϽƣڽǿνһԾŶ˸ҴâӭϷ棬һʱǮƣֻȻж֮ؾ㣬лǨ
ϲ·Ĺ·£ƫ̻ϣҲ·İף
֪صεξһ򣬾٣д
Է˵ҶԷΪβߣǱصĸĸ٣ڽǺüˣҲðͷߣһյεѵܷȥ
֪û˵ĸһۣȥ
Щ£İѱȻ֪ǿżͬšռѱͬΪ˲ߵһԼɵҲԼ
꣬ԵʱеͬʿΣǰǵòµģֻȱ
ȡ͢ƫԶңȱԱԳɼ΢õĶɳȥһ֪ҲھǵһײĲ¡
˺ĨƤ׳ƲҪÿϹ٣ССݻ¸Ϲ١
ƫСùԣ˶óĿģϹȻûƷȴ򱻾Ĵʤ
Ϲٲÿζܼʱؾܾ˻˾ܵıΪܹ¸пԡ
ʰմǷǣΪ徻˸ˡȥĮ߾
˭֪죬ȵˡڼ䣬Ȩ߽Уޱ˭һˮմϣֻʵʵӰš
Ĺٳ£Ȼֱ꣬һλ˽֤ڻؾְʱϱ͢λõ˳͢ν
ҲԼ˾н죬ˣ֪λЩʲôɽŲˣڹһۻĲ¡
ֹЩ꣬ʵȫ˼ױ֧һھʸȨһ̬ѧʵȥĳۡͶ飬ĽѾãϣʫܵõ˵ָ
ķʽһ㡣Ա᯺ǸѧʸȴΪֱƵϵӵܣ᯴ְλͣȴˮţȨǮǸƽʹϵģͶΪѧʵģ֮󾹺ս
֪ص˼ҵָ壬ûؼϸϸӪҳ᯴˼ǱܻߵĴְģżε˼żеľƺʫġ
дʫ޷ǵʧ⡣᯴ĹԱʧһʫģȻʱ¡й
ָ֪ʫģݵ᯼еС
ˣڵõ˻ر
ضݳۿڣ½·ϿȥϽȥԭϷƫԶ֮أѵõĻͨϱĴءȻʱαΧǺͽӣ𽥻ָǰķ١
ڴ˵ְ֪֮ڽ֪صпѵõķʲ
֮װ޺Ϻˣץסξİѱڴ̾ĵͷξݡ
֮ξһķֵܵܣȨˣȴţֱ


42 
֪صĵһ, £ۣշĴúէ, ڽûиҲû°ѱҪҵĴ֪ѶˣôӳſɡҾһλͬ, ԭλ, ˾Żӱߣ˹ְոǿؾھ˲ͷ
Ͼȵ˾Żӣûͷ
Է˵, ӿ˲õ, ˻Ӿ㲻ͷ, Ҳšܻúúõģ
֪صһλŻӣǵ˾Żӵʾɡſѡ淸£̣ܺö˶˵ͷӦм̣Ż޼ɵ
εһѳǷͷĿһ顣һܸɳ¶ôǾȺӵܵɡƫ书ǿ, д, ξְ֮ͳܳǷѲ, ְ, ץѱ
֪, ξκ⼸, ȴԼȴȫƽЦӭԴԲ, ǲصˡ涮أһξǰ㶮£ξ͢չҪξǳΪһá
ѰСǰǰԲϾԾУһֺ͵һðһͬ۽ô죿ɲԴ߰꣬లȻá
ѵһʴȣȻĻ룬Ю̩ϰֱѺ˳ǡٱȫϽ֪һʱҲ޷ʩ
֪صȱʼλѣε·˵
˵дһ⹫ģϴӡСŸĸۣùȥҪԡ
ԷҲǶԱˡԽ֪أΨհ֪˵˱ԷȻˣҲҶûܸ߼۳۵ƶɽ֣ʹεģܶһɣ
֪Ҳ֪濵£ĲƸߡˣҲûóȻǿӲ֡
ɲ֮°ѱ
ΪЩ˲١ıģԷҲŹץסԼѱҵĻᡣ
֪΢һ룬⣺ǴҪȢŮΪޣŮӽķףȴûĿŵȢ޵Ŀͽϸȥ񲿲һ
Էļǵõȶãȱ
֪ص֣û·ɱ֣˵ڷҲ̿⣬֪֪ûйϵ
Է˵Ǿţϵ˿ô죿عֹܣгҶƵıǽӡˣ׻ǱһΣ
ǻ£ʲôЩ̼֣֪Ŷֺ֣ûкʵɾҾвǽ˴ɱô죿
Է˵ǾͰѺڰ˫ɷ
ڰ˫ɷɱǷ򸾾ȹǮǰ˼£Ͻ顣
˭ʸȡڰ˫ɷΪţֵϷ֣Ǻպаɸ֣ƽҺǿҲǽ֪ǾĶ飬ǮҲᱻССǲ
֪ȻҲ֪㶯ѵõ飬߲亦ǲһУ̩̺չк󻼡ǵ˵
񲿽濶Ϊа֮ɱ֣ν˳

濺ѽڳ˽֪صĸ̴ۡظ
ѽڲ˵λ֪غųơëȻ鴫
ѽϲѧϲ飬ڶһϺͽǰһһѧʶˡнʿͬʿڶһ;ҲǶһˣ֮ǰѽڶԽ֪ػмֺ档
֮󣬲žô˺޳ܡƲ̼֣ռֱ⣬ҪǮҪα̰
ϣѽټֱ޳ܣΪ֪ܵأ²̰𣿡
濵º̰е̰٣̰͢ӵĹ٣̰յĹ١Ȼ̰ǿТȴ̰գڸ覲褣²ŻŹȱ֪֡زڿ쵽һһ⣬𰲰æƼȥ
٣Ƕǿ
ǰūˣʤһֱͥͥĶֵǣһսĽǸз
ȻȥҲһսǬھնɱպŮʦŮʦؾǣּԹһ֮͢ǿš˳ڰһ;ʡ
书¾󽫾ҲָһݶսƷ˸ҷԡ
ȥʱֻһʱʮ
֮Ĺǰȥūٹһ飬ԭشţ
ٺ꣬һЩūԭɵǿǰ٣һսߣͱ߾ָ˼С̣սƷ
Ѿǰȥˣ߾õĵ̶ѾбĹԱǰ׿гЧʣµĶƫԶ֮أԽĽƻˣɳʳ£»¹鸽İպ˹ᣬ
֪ǱɹȥʵȥｫȻȻģҪѹεˮ֮⣬Įڶ࣬µĵóеǮ뵽ֻܰߡ
˻иؽפʱ򵥴ֱؽһַˡ˱߾ݺλ޾н
ѽڴ˱ԱصĲȻģȻҲ֪ľǵģ˵Ϸħᣬô죿
ʦͽȻ£̿ô󣬲ܴиأǧշЩŲصħʿƽգǱң˻ﻹã꼰޹ʦҪˡ
̣޷ħŵĺڰ˫ɷѾŴкðԷţжӦԲ١
ѽŷģսǸҳУұζ
ǰԸ̺ɵֶβƤëʦߴüˣʶ㣬ʰɽˡ
ѽֵϾǵ֪أǿǵңʤ
Цصġ忴ء
ѽƲƲ죬˽Ժȣֻᴳ
֮⣬;ҷ졣
˵նɱū󽫣ץ˱ţ
ѽڵҿɲǱ书ҲΪΪ񣬵Ϊ񣬲֪ΪһС±˼Ҵ˸죬ߣ˹ְԱֻϽǮҩȥ飬Ȼڻء
濵Ϊ߲嵶Ʒֻǹڳ嶯ΪˣƼӹȰǡ
ѽڵҲ֪֮ˣ嶯ԣıҹȰСҲŲ֡ҿȣʮǧ
ֻЦԴ
֪ǰ֮
ѽÿԴסһǲǽ𣿡


43 
ߺ, ڹˊͬ³š
峿һɫĳȹʮͷζ, ɫ
û߼̺ҲϽˣһ۵ɹȥŷ㲻úÿţĸŷ
ֲ̺ûŮɱ˲գ۵ģ, Ų¶ԵẦ£
֪ץһѹ, ֵţһྐྵһߵ˭ˣֻ˳·͸¸˼, ˻ӵֵܰҿšҸոǮ, Ҳȥ·Ьࣿ
䭾ȵǮ㣿
⻹ǸΪڽ¥ϸ̺𣿲ݵİɣ
̺ؿ, ѽǩ˳ԼӴԺʮ꣬ҾǶҵ˽˲Ʋˡ
˵ŪҾǻӻ濵ļҲ˸ûôܼҵģô
䭣
ǰ¥ɱ֣ôҪˣ˵õġЦ, 塱أΪ˷Լ, Ҳزɣ
ٿȡŹ, еģƭƭȵ
ǡ
ڽ¥˾˰ɣ
ߣ
벻ͨ, ̩̺ŻӵֵܽҲ벻̩̺ͨŶô
׼һֶϿŶˣ
ôû
ѰٻطҪǩʮԼ, ЩǩԱѹܴĺ𣿣
̺ɡϽֵĵһ, ȥֽǵļ
ش滨ֲԶ, ǵİպɽͽ滨ָγһļУÿ·һͷ壬ڴ˸ϼ
ձǷ塣
кüר̯λƷɫ䣬ŵ㡣
һ۾Ϳǵġ
⼸Ѿˣ滨ϵŮӣرѻĸˣŶСҪˣǱҲҪװԼӣͱĸһÿ峿Ÿ㣬ͽַھ졭붼ء
ֻû뵽ȷʵϿӳţǺͽַھӺѺõദ
ӣ̯Ǯ
̯˵˸
˵ӦǷԣû
סϽϷշתأ̫࣬޷һһ𡣾̯˵ȣҲûŪס
Ա־ҵĹ̯ʮģһģһС졣
ǰӽйĶǽɽɽʮĿ̫ˣô䭶˼ۡ߸ǲҪӴС޷ǾǴ¥ȺܺӣĶߣǵ߰
λС̸˼䣬˵ض֣ǸãҾϲ֡
СҲô˵ϲҼҾסɽ½£ѧӵ񡣡
䭵Ǹˣֵ飬ҵ˰顣ϲ֣ϲ񣬻Ͳ
СϾɴҼ͡ҸͲ
ЦŶǿ˵ˣȥ㲻ߡ
СＱƲᣡᣬңҲᡭ
䭳գۣǾ˵ˡ
£Сˢĺ
ɴ̱ð桱Եڶֿܡʩ죬ǽĶˡüЦչ¶ʱǡ糿𣬳Ŷ˵
һɽĴСÿ˶ۣһʱ䲻֪롣
䭼ּžԼ˳ڵЦС
ؿһߵĹˊ󡣹ˊޱضԱߡ1
Եؿһ
вУҪ׵ˣǰ黨ǲݲ֪
磬ȻûǰŴѧʢ֮ôأҲ̫ߵĶŮӵ
Ϊ˰⵹ɣа֮֮̾ɫ˵Ǿࡣ
аЩһЩִ˸⣬ҲûŴɵ켣УȻҲŷңſ
ЦŭģԺԡ
ò⡣
粻ǣҲ˾֡аŮ
аħ̵ĵ֮УŮ۵úܣɧĲȻڡħЩˣǸѵõĺء
ǰ
ǰĽŮǰзǿƣѾͷ桢ϴ֣࿴һ۱Ů˶ǲӡ
һ濣֪ġĽ¡鳡зҷԴ˻
ҲǡûСϹ˵
ɳЩĶĽ£ʲôϵ
ν޼漦޹湷޸濾ּҸ
ѾҪмҵˣ
ʲôԡرᡢؼɱԲ֪ҲûǰЩһǺһϵҲûУ
䭣δޣ̩̺δϰظԺáҲֻһ򡢱常۸ƲĿŮѣ
˵ЦɫɽСҺ˵˵Բס
ɽСһû¶ӵЦݡ
϶ǳİգĸĸǴġȻû죬Ļ⴫ˣԶڷݵֶ̼˵ˡ
ڼתһȦ滨ִ߽̯ġģԼеĽַھӶ֪λ̺֮δ޳ˡ
˵Ĵ񣬽䭴󷽷Ŀȥ̫ϬȽǱصײĸй֮޲ԭ׷׶
˱뺷Ҳӭ񣬸޼ɵǴ.аζ䲻ԵϷᱡ˼̫ԡ
һ󺺣Χշ׷ױá
ʱ䣬·񹷴֣Ψֱ֮ΨеϰŻİײ˻λƵҡŵǰ
ۼ˱Ы󺺵⼫ˣһ߿ײˣһڣס˽䭵˵ȥ·
üëһʲô
ָŴ󺺶̺ɵȥƣ
Ϸˣ
̺ɿֲ´ȥ˻ûӦֻǰһͱžžȹȥ
Ⱳӣĸ֣Ӧһ±ˡ
Ż滨ְֵϰǮơ»ĿŵƵˣҪôɫ֪Ҫô书ǿ޼ɵ߼֮
һ̴£ɫڣߴ׳˶̫ѨȻһ⣬һ֪ҹǿᣬڵߡ
󻹸ͬɫĴ󺺣ɫ̬ȣٲȻǴ˵صĵͷߡ
ϧ֡
Ȳ˵ʦ̺꣬ɶ׼һ֣Ƥöһָͷܴογһơ
İţնסˡ
ֻˣ
Ӵ϶аӡˡ
ˣ̻ӿ̯¶ˡ
ǰܼǶǣ滨ֵϺһˡ
ۣĹƨȥ걻鷳ѵûҵ̯ӣǾֻ¶Ƿǲڮٶδޣ
˵ѵʵôˣûŪǲǵ𣬾ҫɣֻǵ̻ϰһƤ
㡭
½ɩӣẺԸȴñ˺ãñ˺һù
ɼ˵Ļ᲻ģǾֻȥһǰ򽽷࣬⻹ô
̵ƹǻǸС̷⾻ֻǲѡ
ǹĤ
ŶԭоֻǺأѽ滨֣
վڽУȺɽۣ֮˴Լü续
ڽɨ⾻ֻòãֶǲм࣬ǵɨ
ֻѹ˴Բѣ۾ضݺݵָŽ䭺ȵǶӲС
üһǰɡһǾֻһҽС
ԭ̺ɳѸףָˡѵָ̺ɷšţ˶ܶ
磡ң
ӷ֣
æǰһȥָһ˻ȭ̺ɡ
ȭ̺ɵˣָڴֱִϼ룬ɼҲˡٿȭͷʳָָ֮䴩ָ׸ǴСļǣŽ˵һȭͷʺҪﱻһ£ҲضùҲʼѪôϻࡣ
̺ᱻִУ
߳ӰҲʲôƣС˽šȴӦĹӺɫɷף̺ɡ㡢㡱˵
ȥȾָֻˣû̺ɵ֣tuiһ̺ɿзɳ۾ȥֻü۾ƫԴ
Ȼǡ̫죬㿪ֻü۾á۾ϡ
Ƥʱۡ
ʪĴů⣬ΪǡƤϹ۾ѪæһȥȴѪˮԭʪĿˮ

ԭڡŵ滨ְһ˲֮ĴЦλֻĸ޵ݡ


44 
Ҳ⡣
̺ʰƤ, Ŀ֮£ֳͽ߷ϷŪû, ȴҲüһ¶ִüá
ֻСҲסæӴ֣, ֣, ˣ
ָ̺ѹİʹò˳¶, ȹڵϡ
̺ɿ˺󼸲, ЦӴӴ, ɲô񡣡
ֻ۵ú£Ͻָ˿˻ĹƨǱſµģɲǹ㣡ϹعӲˡ, , ¶겻, Ǹҵţ
˺ݻ, ˡ
ΧպȻЦ, ֲ¶
ֻ, źϾػܣָԼ޽, ҫߣ̵òƤܿ߻òֻǼҰܿߣ
ɫһֻĻȸ
˵꣬š̺֡ɺͻˊҡҷ˵뿪أ˸ҶͶȥðĿ⡣
ʱ򣬳ֵһͷתǴ¶һһǡ
Ƴֽϲϲӭȥ
濣Ҹ˻䭴Сóһɽʻǰſ㲻㣿
ڽ䭽һ˲խĿռ䣬Ų
濵šˡ
Ȼˡä֮ˣΪûͻ䭲Ժ˸ɫľɽʻһЩõġôŨҵʻɻֱ˿̡
ûһŪīŮӲ
ȻҲϲ
͵ģ͸ϲˡ
ߣ²ʲô
ĴСĻŵ˼£Щ¶ˮʪ󣬴ź⣬Ӧڳʪ֮ء
ǡ
ǡצܽءĻɫѪǵ׺СƬѩɫȴη⣬֦֮ˡһ㡣
һ仰ѹе㽿ߣǵ⡣
Ļİηѵİ
ɽµѾлˣɽϵĻšɽŵСȫǣƷಢãֻлޣԭ׼ҩ̣䭱еļצĻ˺
ڿӹţҲǰ֮ˣҲֻڱزãʺϷ
ڤڤ֮аţȷʵϷˡ
ڳٯٯȴ֪ͷһĿɿڴ
ǿӱ޸ϹĴ¥¥ޡ
һɫ侢װǣһƥվڽͷĿ˽ָ̺˵ȫ̡
ˣſլޱؿǸŷ
Ӵˣ
̺硢ЦݵذԼǣȥǣŵ˴кŷ޾ȥ˽ֽǺӱҪȲ衣
Ϸ⣬Ȱɽǽزһ˿ζȽʡ
޿˿Χ
ӱҰ˽ӽһĿȻˮǳҲѲˡ
޵ôСģ
̺ѹλ¶ңʦ֣СΪ
޵һ
˵˭¶ң̩̺ŵĶ濣һλʦ֣
ΪոĽѾˣû뵽и㤵ġ
ҧгݵͷʦǲֵǮðһδ˵ʦôûʦԼ϶дɶ¶ɵǮƭǲǻһ
޻Ϊʧķ裬ǱҴס˵ͣĸϹ鿴ĸƨ
Ϊʲôûеʧķ裿ҪˣҾͲþᶾ㻹Ǵ㡣
ɱһĿˡһ²룬㿴ҵĶңλ̺ŵϰ壬̺֮һʦúڼұչɽˮ򾫽ƺʩǼôһȺֻԵСӣǶ飬һܸɳ¶ǳɵĵϵӲеɣʲô㲻֪ǲǴ¥ӹòĶǣ
ҪΪЩɵľӴɵƭʮ˵߸αװƷʣһ˾㲻ˡʦɵڼ壬ֻҪһûʵĽڣǾΪ棬ȻκΥ֮¡
ֵȻȺ۵ϴ֡˳˭֪ɱֵʱ˶ٳңЩҵֿ᲻ΪǱЩŹĶԹ濣濻᲻Ϊ֣
ߣһʦ͹Σˣеڶ
ĽŮرˣʦˣŷǹͷҪͽ⣬Ҫ⳥⳥Ҫ̻̣ƴͬھҲǵðŪѽ¥Ѱ֪߲亦ĵҲᶨһɾʮꡣ
ˣﻮȫֶȥˣȴײƣ˵ǻܵ𣿣
Լûˣȫ¥һùǲɵ
˵ǲɵ
齣һɱˣòԱСӾУϿ˵ӹʦ׷
̺еźȲ裬ô׸ýƵģ𼱱𼱣㿴ڲǺúöأʲôΣգģһܺ⼸֮
Ц֮ǰϵȻúúõġҪ˵ӳîҾͰӡ
濵ƽɲΪĴֻ̼Ĵ֮ˡ
º棬Ǻպ⻹ˣɲˡʹ¥ԩ޳𣬲Ϊɱ¥аͻԼ
ֻǱĸоЩܡ
֮£رһСԸԵĽ²ǵ֮Ů϶Ǻù
ĽǸرìܵˡȻʮ꣬ȴһֱϷ˼ȴ񣬷̰ͼȴһֱҧ֣˯ҲҪ뽣ɶšԺһ㶼󣬿ɴδĥ־
Ϊʲô
츳һļ䶼Уŷ֮ɱɱĸ֮𲻹졣ĽŮµʱͱ°Ըĸûи飬ȻŷŵŮϸҲûüͳȥһҲˣඬеԣ׷ɱһꡪֵôĻʮ˶𲻵
ڼһ޷죬ȫ¶ˡֶλŮʦֻϧѡ
أ
ȴײ˼ıأ
̺ôشᶼûᣬҪ¥ƭ
̺Ūˣ
ľѳۣӶӲȻĽŮװûڴ϶ˣûҪܣĽҰģ÷ŮôŮϴװͨˣ֮ͥ»ȫ
οûɣṦܵóأʮ֮ǰܽʦ߹޼Ľʣֻбλֹ罣ʤɣأҲüβĽŮץס
ţ
ȵȣ
ɣأ
޵˵ɣǰ챻˷ˣ˵һλʦɵģǲĽ£
̺ɵҲΪˣҲűϰˡ
Ű濺Լץľ˵ˡ
ɣǱĽŮץģջûӳŮ˵ħצ
ɣ͵Ľ½δ죬Ҫᱡδ죬ͱĽ׷ҹѾȥôˣĽ¶ţҪץסˣС۶ûˣ
ŵص̺ɣ㶼֪ôС۶ˣΪʲôҪң
̺¿ˮ̣ͬô꣬ǲ벻츸ĸ׽ܣô˵⡣
޻ûüŭüŪ۵شչҪǲⱲӶĽµһ棬öȤ


45 
üʲôһ棿ôĽµѵһʱ, ֵģֶˡ
һȻҲշ⣬ͷһϵûСλշĵһ, ϷһǿһݣϰٸӣΪһԣͽľֻһġ
Ľµķ⣬Ľ»û̬, Ľµĺ߾Ѿˡظ˱Ǻü, Լֱֶָ֣ȥ߹ݡ
һֶǴºţշ, һѽ˿󻷵Ѹ, ѰԵ, һȫѹһ֮Уһǰڵأ϶⼶ĸˡһߣʦĽµУͻȭʲô
Ҳڱ̫ãƽʱɸߵ, ϷҸŮѹơıĲҵѳΪϰ, ֵûС¡, ûŪĽµǰ, óȻ֡䷽
Ľṩ䷽, һ, Ƶû취ôһ̯, ټҪѶԿ¥òǿԸЩɰǧľ֣ȴԸȡְࡣ
һߣĺߵֶ򲻹ֻһС³Ͱ˶˷լĴ⡣
ֵˣĽǰһȥ׵øһ
ĽûһȥֱӾܰûˡ
һǰúûϣ֮ʮҪӣҲƲŮˣڴ֮ͥ£Ůǰ⣬ʱַߣ۴УԱ
Ľܹ
һȥ飬ȫʧôصˣңҪã䣬ٵʮꡣ
һˡ
ûȵڶ죬ϣͱˣǽдˡɱXXXɱ֮𡱡һ˻ɣΪȷǷһµ֪һ׮Ұ
޹ʹɱ֣Ҳڳеüûϡ
һλܲʡȥݺѧգկӱ֮ˣû·ֻݣòͶ˱һλǿõΣȢ˺ǿŮһλƴ֮а˸磬ΨһŮλ˼ҲޣȢվ˽Ÿ
һײʿΪڳ㡢ΪλãּרӪʮ꣬龫ǡֶΣȴΪһǵ˸ĳҶѸ
ҲͨĽǸոǿȴһҲںʦ֡׳ƲҪ
ɲܶԷʲôˣҲûϰ׵棬³κ˺ƵŮ
ԣһ㶼Ľܸɳ¶ָӽ¥ɱһƤ
̺ɺٺֱЦ˵ÿɲ¶֪۶ҪȢ޵¶𣿡
۶ҡյط޾ͺʵرԼֵܸˡ
ûȻ֪ûݣ·Ͼ˵ˡ
̺ɵ֪ҪȢ˭𣿡
޵˵ս
̺ɵս䭡ԭĽ¡
ޣ
̺ûݽ㽩Ӳı飬֪ڶҵУǸʲôУλ޸֮ɣϮ̩̺ŵӪأ°ߣҺһλʦ·£һ·׷ɱɣءɣرץ£ɣ
޵ͷ
¥Ȼˣ鱨Щ·ӻڣúܡõ鱨ǣйɣرĹĻ·ϣʵϾ֪ȫ֪ˡ
Ǳ緢ɣð׹ݣԼ̡
ɣصУձɡ̶вϡϣŮϵдԼ̵ֻУǿŮ˳˳ҵŮ죻ǿŮʮŮͯɱӻ
ȻеҲأɶûд̵Ĺ涨ɣȻԶλŮӣûֱɱˣŮӶɱĲϴԼ̵ۣҲһٹһָ˵޹ʹšۡΣȲϴӡ
Ҳû취ɱѺ߼̵ĹԱȷ书ϰӣֱӰʱһ˲Ρ
ǣȫµİյõĽֻǣŶһôĹô˼ңеǼ͢ץôеģ
ӡ
˵˲ˣ
˭˲ûţ
Ļһʮ˲ūôô
͢ǲǰ
ǲ̲
Թģ˺Ļǳ͢ϡ
Һվˣðҵͨ
ðң˵˵ܰϵǼ¼ڡɡϸ涨ɷðҡǶԻҽ׳ԱȫвΪɣһȺŮ輧㱻ץסʱڶҹѲĿǱӴܵӰҲδҷͷֱ棬Ͱ϶
һᱻԼ̡
ֺܶͣնסʬ١̡ɱɱꡢס̡塢̡նӡѡɱɱϡ̡ȵȡ
ЩУնʹġǰĩ꣬͢͸ʩйֱȵʱڣŷϳ˴롣̲ɷУص١
˭ûŮϰ˭
ã
ɣص̷ֻ͵ѡ̲ʻῴɫ
֮⣬ɣҪ̱ţҲʲôܡϾĳλʦ˵Ĳͷ
ɣ;Ǳ鱨ɣѾֵʲôǮˣȻҲ֪Ԥϵɣص³
ȴ֪Ϊᵽ¡
̺ɵɣѲˡȴסˡ
Ҳʦ֣ȴδ޽Ƥӵ±һʦ°ߣòУͰһˡڶ쿪ʼ뽭Ӱ룬Է˯޶ҪͬУˤˣ»ˡ
òȥ֪ظϣõŮˊ棬ﻹ֪һһְлţҹյѳµ̶ӻסҸڡ
̺ɡλĽϣСǶڵʱ򣬿ӶòȣҪιġ
޵һ
Ϊ濵΢䰮ǽֻܲһĻ˱СжƵĻڻַſڡ
һ½ڴϿΥ͸У˸
ĽŮ罣Ʒ棬ĮµſȺǻʱܱɱһǰ
սϵĽ䭣һʢĽ޻䣬Ẉ̂ſŻ԰ܲ͸Χֻе֮ҹеǱ뻨԰ܿµѪ
޲ףʲôĿģΪ˷СҲҪװİ쵽ߣʲôޣĽŮĽŮŮҲܱ˻ôͶˡ
ڷ޿㵱Ⱥۻơ׷ʱҲδ˭ɫԱضвɸ˵ĿġĽС۶Ϊ˱ʲô¶ɵó޸飬ţҲرס
̺ɹЦɾʹش
ֵĽŮؿǶġôĽ¸֪濻书
޹Ȼţʲôܣ
𾪵ͫ׷Ŵ󣬶͹ԡ


46 
ҪȻΪΪʲôö˶˵֣
˵, ̺̲סֱֻ֣ĽŮһӾ͸ˮƵ, ֪Ҳ֪Լ书ûǰΪװʶң
ҵģǧߡ, ðȫ¥˶, úһĽŮⳡϷ濳ǸֻʱĽŮǣع, 緢ŮĿʱҿôճ;ȤȻ, ĽŮЦ, Ȥ
ŵһĽŮܣ
תһ롭
˼ȴֲ޼Ѱ
ƺ˭ϣȴÿ֮ǰǳϸѡ
ˣ˭Ҳ׼ĽҲˣ׼ûʲôϡ档ޡ̺ɵ, ȻԳƹ¼ҹˡȫ, ߱¥С°֪Լļ, ʵһ඼, ǲûǣҵ, ͼ˶Ͼ, ǲ˴ȥΣգǳı
˵Ľµĸĸֵܽöŷ, Ľ²Ǿûˡ游ĸ游ĸֵܡлŵġ̽Էļ˽һܼɻ£ҴҶ͵͵ǮͶ˭ûܹĽ¼ﻹЩˡ
룬һ¡һ꣬ʱĽ²֪һõɽˮɽһˣ⾳ԶŻǧȥһλε
˵дúõǣϲӾͺñȾ²ˣ궼µĳ벻鷨ңҼʫ׾٣
ĽЦǲ䡣ʲôӣޣ鲻ר檳ȺҲĻ֣
ҾԽţĹЯɽˮҲһ˻ѴסӰ
ѣһҲ鷨ʢȴҲС
һλ˰īһЩֵǮ黭һһǷĽ»黭ѺʱСıī
ĽԼëԼһȴҲֵĺûһۿȥ˵ãֻÿúܣƽ÷޴ȥˡ
ҵˣĽԼдһʫæд
дֶģѲ֡ȻĽµʫ̱ʾҪĽ½Ϊѡ
֣ǲӦõ
дһʫһ
һ䡰˼·ƾɽһʼʢ÷ⲻʫ˶ܵʫá
ʱرȣдģ
Ľ°һۣأ
޸еһϤӣһãǱˣðġΪŪֲֻ黭
Ľ²Ѻá֮ƺЩ֪ʫ¶㲻׼й¶ȥ
Ľװİ磬ϵԺ˿黭֪֣ȴҲ֪ԼаŮӦòΣաɷˣϢй¶ȥƽ
ʱķôشţ
Ŷˣ޵ʱ˵ǣȨǸˣʲôҲû㰲ıǡ
֪ܲĽ˺һд֣黭϶ԼϲİԼҪôأһǸˡĽõѾˣսǺѣ˴˲ˣĽµЩУûһϲЩˡ
ûĽֹ߳˱أͶĽѣǾֻˡ
ÿ궼ʧ죬ǻϼȥˡ
֪ĽˣǸϲ÷ŵĲŮҲһ̼֣ĽµЩĪΪһ¾˽͡
£һ¡
һ궬죬
Ϊн鱨һصɽԼ
ɽѩ
Ϸѩͱѩһ
ѩ׷ɣХѩǰ·
ϷĴ꣬ô̹ǣɽȴƮѩһķ羰
Ľ͵ˣߵ¡ǴŰߣԭ֪ķ޼ˣγϵҲû˼ĿԼҲصúأԼǱ˵
޵ִԼɽʱûĽ£ϰΪµȴ
Ƭɽ°ѩѩɻƣ⾳ڵϣӰóһƿ
һҪڣȴĽöߡ
кþƣܶ
Ǵܡ
ߡ
󣬲Զһɣһʯͷʯͷﳤϵ˴ʯһ鲻̫󡢱ѩǵġʯͷȻ˶һѩվ
ԭĽ͵ˡ
Ϣʯͷϣһû¶ڣϵѩû˿ڻѩΪһ壬¯ĹϢںڴȻ֮С
ɱַ޶ûв
öĲٿأѵ˼ϸ΢ľ˰ɣ
޵һѩ컹ûˣ
ĽµǿɲΪ˿ճҿҹɽˡճ¿һڹ
Ľһɫխʿɫ¹ѥİɫͨɱ¥ŮϸǱǧ谮ҵĹŮ
ִ̧ϳѩǵ彣˸˦ѩĺѩͬɫë׵ĶĵѩĭЦһûأҲһ
ִӰһƿխڵմСƺ˾ƣס̶ʮ룬Ǿƺ˰
룬Ľʦֿ϶ͱʦһȾƺȣôʦֵķ緶
Ľ²֪룬ָҿСƺͷ
Һ峺磬Ƶ䣬
˿ʱȻƵѩҺֳ
Өѩ
ѩ׵ĺá
ʤѩļ
£ůƣ㡣
һѩͼ
ĽµſǾɫѩһµһҫ۵Ҳڹâ
ҲڷĿеĲĥĽ£ǸɼĽŮǸϷֵŮӡ
Ȼ
ڵĽ£Ӧǽ䭣ʹǰȫһ
ﲻһ
ģû䣬Ǳǡɫ㣬һһЦĶˡ
û䣬ǿʶſ񣬴ޣ´ҫۡ
ʲôأ
顣
˶·ԡŻϲüۺЦƵɢ׹鰮
ѹء
عͷ룬ĽŮʮһշҪŪŷŵԵҲ
ŵӲȫҪ
⻹Ľ
ʶĽ£
еĽ£ǱһӢˬϷаʦȺۣۿ˵ʱ
ĽǵУ欶ˡһʱĺ꾫аһŮӣκ˶޷ץסġ
ҲΪʮķ֪Ľ£
֪Ľ˽رŵϷˣ쳾
Ľ£һ֣
ˡ
ʦ书Ҫ޸С书ŮˡԷǣϲŭֲɼģ
ȻʵͰǰ
һǲšҪۿ⵽ô¡
ҪǣʲôŮӣĽŮģ
̺ЦеĺȲ裬ֻ֪㲻ţҲǵһʱǶô֣һأ


47 
ƻʱ֡
ǰԺ, ѽ˵
Ǹԭأšֻéĸǳķϰ, ʱһʱ֣뿪ǰջѧһ򣬻ֵ, ˳ǽֵһСլӡܹ˵, 鵽ͥԺǮǵ䵱ζЩʵزһ·, ǰ곯͢ڽϽ˷, կ˱, ©֮㡣
һԵ̺ɵѽڹ˵öԣغֵһɱ˲еѪʽѪǽɽǿˡ
⻰̺˵˵ص˽֣ǻɱ֣۹ⶾ
Ψһ͸ľĽ¡һڽ¥ɱ, ۼôһŷϴ, Ը, Ĳ, ôȻӣӳȥоƵ, 䡣
ѽڵǼȻɽ, Ϊβ͵䣬ݶ֪˲֪Ƕ滨һ, ȥʱթоýϵû⡣ϰ֮磬滨ֻṦ˲٣ô
濵ϰ֮Ѫ嶯ڽϳ׶ݵ˺ѳѰհַܰڳˣ׶䡣滨̷ֵС⣬СмʣԸȥ߹ޡ
ѽ룬̵ܽͷ˵ǡ߲س˽ɱ֣ǻȻᱻ̻̲ͨ͢գɼ˵Ҳزˡ
濵ǡҲֻЩСֶΣ̫պò̵ĵϡ滨ԭÿ¶мʡַѡоͰصķá̩̺Ŵûи˻ַѣԺҲСһ֮ǰ̿ôãδֹ£Ǹյû죬ʰé֮󷴶ƣۣȻڱָʹǽҾּҡѽڣȥδ˴Ѷ˼ȻУ͸ҵ¶
ѽ˵ҪʰüЦϡ
ʱ̺ɲңм²֪
Ա߽˵ԼۡĻŭ⣬ȴ˵ǲˣؿͱ𽲰
ƫͷЦЦסֵ֣뽲
һЦĶţ۳Ȼ䣬ƫͷĶ˻Σ˴ӳԵʻ
䭱һЦԵͷתֱȵİס١ѣոһ㲻˶ȥˡ
ڴ£ʼնԱ߿ţһֳֻڷЦۣԡ
䭱Ʒ¥ǰ֪ʶһʦΪܣ൱ڽǻ۵Ľᾧʱ嶯ƾһǻ£ûЩط߲졣
Ҳˣȡȫϸµ
ָ̩̺̳ĵ¼׮׮ʷ׳ʡǻ۵ǿᣬ̳ȫƵĽ䭶ǳݵòˡ
˿̣ĵŮߴ񣬰Ͱ࣬࣬ǿžĶ
ȻŮˡ
̺濳ﻹɫԣң⼸ڳתת滨ֿǲԻ˵䣬˶ǻȭȣһЩ޷ҲǺͨ˱ɱȭŰˡɾҹ۲죬вˡл˼Ϸħ̵ס
ħǰһɣڡħ̡֣ǶЩг͢ƵϴԻǱͨ͢һЩɡ
ħ̲һɣǽ˺ϰնԺܶħµɵͳƣֳħšļħţҸŮĺϻڣ͵ͯĸţĹʬšҽķɽȵȡ
ոսӭ̫ƽʢʮ꣬ʮѡ
ǰĩ꣬·ħֺУգɵ㣬Ƶ̶
ֱҸ־¹¡ɨңƽķ֮󣬽ڵ
ʮȥˣĺĸסʮ곯͢˷ɽһ飬ѶɽկеĻ꺷һ򾡣ͨ͸ɡ
Զ뾩ǣֽϽɽïܣθӣʺϴнֻʺɣʹϷħɲ½ƻ֮ͨУʽ죬ŹħĻ£ʹðײСڿֻУºײֲ˻Ҳ޲
ħ˳ڽǣɲһ¡
ڱ꣬ͱаħŶǶ¶꣬ϷҲмרռ鱨ÿڣȻ£ϷȴҲ֪֮ࡣ
̺ɵĻƬ̣дһҡ
̺ɹáҷģһһɵϸϸд
ʣ˵ˣ
̺ɵǵģʱʱģסǱߡ粦˸ڽֵһԺӸҰٴ¥ֵܺӣ񶼴ɨˣ˴죬ֻЩá
濵Ǳ߸ĶǻǳõģǴ˵Ķȱģذ򡣡
̺ɵȺǹʱǱߵĶһӦʱȱȱˣһ硣
濵ͷ
ֵ̺ĸϡȡϷǱѰٺˣ϶ҿпգ
濵÷úϢȥ̾š
̺ɵϣлҡ
̺ǰ뿪ûã䭺Ÿ˹ȥ
̺ɲ֪Ķһ̻Ļһһժԣ䭣Цһ˿ֻӴҷˣ¶
⿴һ۲ڰĸصķλٿС˵־̺ɣҧгݣòС
Ⱥʱ̺ҲǸģΡĽ¡ػرڵĦ
һ񣬲ܴˡ
Ҳ֪ĸֻ֣Ҫ뿪СԺ͸ߣҷŷңһ򶼲¶⻹ǰϻҪˊšýʦһֱĽһ˶ܲ͸ĳ谮
˻
ûӡ
˭˽أҸķա
ǰϷŮˡ
֪ǲ˶̫ˣȻˡŮȻҪ°뱲ĸ
䭳֣Цеص̴ͦߵİ˳˳֣ģǾֻȭը죬ոǿȻȫĶأ
̺ȻĲˣҰǼˣ˳ǻʶ顣Ҵ̺Ҳ¥պĽɫõΣҪ˵ĶҾʹĶϷߡˮ׽Ǿ޶ǻһˣ͹ˊɣ˵ˣô
ǿ϶ܰ


48 
Ƕҽ, ô˷ˣָĶĶǵĳһ˭أ
ˣһ֪֪ȤǾֻðˣ𣿲ܰšָʱ, ǽ¥ĽֱӰĴָʳָĹؽڷ飬ӴԺҲȭƣָ졣, ӴԺ, ǾֻһֻҲǰۡ
Ҳʰóסһų·ȥ, ϲ, ȴһ¾Ͱȸ, ֻĹһүǶ۷硣
Ǳ¿ˮˣ۾û£üǵѨѱҵӴԺÿͷ̡ʦָҽΣһҲԭЦĽԴĶžѧ, һ, 򶼲鲻
ЦȻ֡, Ϊβɱ, ǻȥУ˼Ŷ鷳ǰɣ
̺Ǳȵβһ, ɲ˺˵͸Ĺ, ״ˡŷѾ˳, Ҳûɱˣûɱ֣
䭲֪ʦ̺ɻ֪ܲʦԭοδ޻϶ע
϶ɸ֣ΪԼɱĵԼطͲָ컭رģ°ѱδڷ
˵ǳǿˡ
ԺŶ鷳˭Ů鷳
ȴȻɱˣΪγôأԵܣ㻹˵Լˣʵʵˣ´ϹͷɼҲУΪҪýһְȥǼӰʾ£±˲֪¥Ͷ̩̺ţ
ǲ̫꣬ˮˣ߲亦ƫƫûг׷ǣԱ޴
̺ɱ˵亹죺
ƨĵˣ
֪䭻СģǰġЦĽ¡һٱкй¡֣
ӴѹأѹŮĶߣ
䭼ûصһۡ
̺Щɱִ֣ĹнСġϸ󣬵ӲƺɱҲҪƺûжԤϰߣûһ¡صԼǿϲԻ˭ܱ֤֮󲻻ָ֣ʱ̺˺֣϶Ͻ䭡
䭵ǲ£ȴ۵̩̺šѾ֪̩̺δϰǴǰءȥĽ¡
ʱ½ÿһζϢĽ鷳Ҳ̫鷳ֻǧǧշ
ߣ̺ôɣ᲻ɱʱĶͷ
̺֮ǰϮ濵ʱ򣬱㶯˽¥Ƶİһν϶Ź¿ˮһлˡĽ³ϡպĽɼһҲȫпϳš
ʱԱ߾ֻһޣûбĸΧۣһ¾ݱ¶ǰĵˡ
䭰ڵʱװ书ûܼʱֹлľԴ⡣
ָѵȻаˣͲҪڴ֮ͥ¶˸š
ͥڡĸ˵úء
̺ᣬ˽Ķ
ʳȼѹһƢûУź׵Уһؼá
üëһ˭˵ҪˣǸðң˵濵ĻǣƾʲôҪ̣ҪģҪݺݵشֻǲý֣Ҫǲڽ¥ɱʱֶΣ˾ʹȳ֣ٷдһ״ֽ˹ȥ
̺ɶˣӶԿҪռ۸߶ȣ¼üŪ۵ЦӴóģԺɫ£š
䭺һоֻǼˣȥץء
䭡
䭻ͷ׼ȷĿ˳濡üЦ濽㣿
Ϧ£ɽɫյľͶ³Ӱ
濳ϣӨ׵ķɫȾһ죬ԱޱţǳɫǶ䱻ɫҶƬӵţº͡͸һ׽͸ء
ڽ䭵˱Ȼ濸ʤһ۵İɫдһý鲻Խϧ
ʵһĶãƻĩѾáҲĽŲ
װûҪ߹ŻͷĿӭ
濳֣ص£ѾԸѽȥ졣ǽ鷳ġ
֮⣬ǼǱˡ
䭰ַŽģסԥԥŤŤ󡢽濣ǲǸ鷳ˣ̫嶯˵ЩĻҪסƢˡ
濵ǳģҲұĽڡǵð㣬ȡ衣´λ£ֻ̺ɳ֣зпԡֻίԼ
̺ɣ
ʦѣŮί˶ίԼ
аʦ͹޷ˣһʦǲ÷ȥ
ʦܲܿŮ桭ŶʧˣѹֻϲŮĿ
䭿ǰס濵֣濣á
Щ֪ƫͷǣغԺš
ѽ濽㣬һ㣬ȵ˼
̺ɣ
ĬĬȥڴűߣŷﴵ硣һϸŷˣʺϿϷʺϿš
.
Ժ鷿ѽѾʰ˱һ£üͷղŵ¡
ڷл㱨ϵİźԼʦû̻شֻΣϰԵĴָŲ豭ı֪ʲô
ۣȴݣóʱûԵı飬ʦΪѽȫû뵽ʦ
ѽĵصȴʦ˼ʱԼҲڷ˼˱ӳʲô쳣лЩ֣ʦΪѡҪ˼
Ƭ̺ƻĩѯǷšʱ濲Ȼعһ㣬һվҴҳǰȥ
һжȣĴæʱ֪ʦλѽҲЩĵظȥ
.
Ҳ֪ѽڸѾ˲ˡ
ȣǰԺȥ
ת˲ŲṦһԽݶԾ
ûС
Լ䣬ͨһ˼ٵʱ򣬳˼֮˼ȥ
Ժ˵Ļֶ濵ĶС
˵Ķǰ¡Ĵ˵Щֱסﻰ䶼̺շִ磬ŹΣմȾϽԹ̺š濴Σյ
ͬʱҲԸЭá
ɴ˿ɼ䲻⣬ȴԵıӡ
룬䭿Ϊʵֻǲмί߰ˡԼΪµ鱻ۣҲ֪ʲô޷ı˵ĹѡһǿƵηˡη壬ǲǰ
һ㶼ԸЭƺ˵ҪȢһԿ׼
ԭηŮӣȴ龫ǵغǻ˲׵˺ԼЩﲻмһˡ
뵽˴ۣ˵ʲôζ
ƻʱ֣է
ʱڣľŸոտʼѿϷľΪûҶҶƬȻ֧Ժ⣬ɳɳ졣
ĵ΢磬Ȼůᣬȴִżֶĺ⡣
ҹǳ֮ҹԽԽůԭԶȥĵܡ


49 
ߵúܿ졣
ԺҲ󡣴ӺԺǰԺ, ֻǺ̵ܶľ롣
ǶıԺְµķҲûڵǰԼƽϢ
ں¡
ʮǰľݡ
䭻᲻ΪĸΣնһȥ
ġ
߲ˡ
ֻ鷳Σ, 䭲£һβ
½һͷҲְ취ߣ
ʾ֮öԷ˿ڣҲöԷԾܾҲԱԼʦ, ¹, ¡շµЩһһʰ
ĲУҲӲ, Ŷʦʵ˸, һɲԼġ
ǵѽ
᲻أ
֪ʹµһ, ҲֹĻҡ
ʮãã˺еѰңѾһЩµȴڻûüӡ֤֮ǰϵļ档Լģһģһʵ, ûĨĵʮĻ̿֡
ڳһ, ȴȻİ֮Ѳ֪ٵĲֻ, ҲʮѰҲ޹ãȻ
, 췢¾һ, ĵδϵ˺˺һӡһ򶨵ʧ, ŻŵرܣҪȥǸǰһۡ
˶áֹ硱¾, ƽȴĮ
ʵĮֻǶбһ꽭ǿƴʱ䣬һӡ֮ļѿɲڳеҲڳٻˡ
ĸ鲻̣ڱ
ĴҪ̳£ȴ޷аתǧ۵ϸڿڡ
αеĿǴǰʦǰҲһֱһС棬
ʦǸ¡ǧĿСͷӵ濸ĿݺʹȰУǮȫͽܣʲô֧
濴СԶҫ۵һվڸߴһձˡ
书׿ġµһ
ǮƲ˵ɵйҲǵС
ѶǸεաƷ֮ˡ
յͽܣСĹŵĹɣһֱߡ
ڳǳ͢佫磬̫ӵ˶Ҳʮ𾴡
ڽϸֿףģһӦ

һֱվڽĶ壬ʶˣˣֻеĴݲȣΪ˳ᢣܡ
ֻǰˣôȻάͬǻ䱦
ⲻ֪䭲޼֮
䭾һ̵õ壬Լδιļ̣ں̺˵ʱͿɼһߡ
濷С䭡һ˲䣬еļֻ̣ʣĻ䣬˵Уĺ濽㡣
ŵĻ䣬Ҳļͣ˭仨ñأ
濵ĵһ仰ý䭷ģԼʰصˡ
Ϥֹ硱˶֪˵ôһί񣬵µʱȴӲĴʰˣ޺³
̺Ǹ⡣̺ɼʹɱ֣Ҳֻ֡Ưģȱ˺ܶͨ˵ĳʶҲ䵽ҪӰܵĻҺڡ
濽йصĺ̺ɳ֣Ȼ̺ɲģ䭱̵ĵֶϸֻ鷳Ҫˣ
濵ȻһλԺӻ̺ǽ¥һĺ֣ЩɱֶΣ˽ġҳϷֺδ˶ǰɱ֣̺òˡ
䭵һʹ
濵мǣӢ۵淢ĸĹ£¡̺ˣ׺ú˵ĵȻȥ
䭣
õˣھŲߣ
.
ź󣬿ϸˡ
ԺϢŨݵζ
ӴСʱ򣬿Ժеı仯ͣ½Ų˺üۡ
ÿΪһġ⣬ʱӲȫŮԺ
ǵǰԺʱ˿֮
ԺʯС·8ͣл£ûһܿС·ͨģԡ
С·߰׶ߵĹľ֦ϸܣʵʣС߶ȥ
׸̾˵ľǽصֵģϲСĲʯЬסˡ
Ӻһ䭡̫ˣȴû֮ǰڳ֮ɫӵϣҪһ塣
׵˭𣿡
濵Ĵʦ֣ԭҲһλѧţ϶ҵĿɽӣûͽ֮ǰҲž޵ֻ֡ǴδбҰ͹ɱ
ӵһۣԵٴ㣬ϸĳϲĥ𣿡
ףûء̫
ӣԼѧղúĥй붫
ף
ⲻǵĻͷֲ˵ⲻǵθô
Ҷ죿ֻˡ
ȥ˺ԺСˣֻ濺ͽ䭡
ǰѽһšλ˽䭣ɼ濶Խ䭵أѳѽڡ
ӿУһ
ѽ濴С󵽴ģΪͣʵΪʦͽ濵Ĺŵӡ
ĵͶȥĥգд裬ֻѽԸԶΣ̷ҡΪäԴ飬ѽڴȥ죬ص£ѽڿ
ϸڿɼģɴ˿ɼ濶ѽڵΡΨһܺѽȵĿֻжࡣӶû١ǵҲй
̩вһµĽȴһٴƿӵ֪Ҳ֪꾫ôԻϣ
Ȼ˵ʱʶǸεյĺѣʮûˣױ䣬˭֪ʲôˮϾһҲɣʵĶ»Լ
ֻǿҲףϾ˿ɸģֻϣȻֵŮ˲ҪǾϲ֮ͽؼԵء
һǵһС¯
ϸİ̻ϣڲ߸ߵĵطɢᱡŵһҷ
ǰֳëʣѧëֵͯһдż򵥵Ĵ֣վ΢΢סָ֣бʡ
Խûƫ˶̲ס̡䭾Ȼһä֮˽д֣߳
Ȼá
İõĽűָ鷨Ļ῿ůĻҲùдáдã
ϸӵˣɿ֣¶дһʫ
һһؿɰ찮ǳ졣
ɼá
ˣ
ӹֵϣˡ
ЩǿΪġǽ꽥ۻ軨ƾľ顣̵һ졣
Ҫκ濵ۼȱһɣƷһֱڸĽǲеġȻᣬĺһԶʦǣ濵ӸߣѾ濵ĺͺơ
˵ģ쿵һû׾Ҫָ׵в˺δɵҽ顣
ǿ룬һ
䭾ۿ룬ȻʵΪͨѨܰ۾
Ȼ
׵ǲܸΡ
䭵ûԹ룿
룬ȻԹˣԼ񡣵֪濻ûѡֹ硱ݸ߽䭣㲻ǶԣֻǵۼѨα겻ααҪҩٸճ
ϸϸѯʣӦ񾭷⡣ȷʵܽġ
ʣҪʲôҩأ
׵ʮݵ߹ʮ򼣬ʮЫӣɽڵİܣеĺѪ롣⻹а˲κ֥⵹׵õġ
䭣
֪ģȻǰƫӱߵ«˪ĸᡢԭһ󰡢ɹƤƳɵİܹƤ衱ܾʮֵĲף


50 
׿ɵЩҩһδ, ΪǶݵĿҪǣ͵ʮݵ߹ԶҺ࣬ߵķ, ʮݵĹʣϳζʳƵҩδۼڰܣڻɽڸѩȪڼȼ֮, áʵ
䭣
ӹô£
ҩĵɵҩôǻȡ衢Ū䷽
ĶȷʵЩ棿Ϊʦͺܲѧ濳ҲȷʵЧ
קͷ, ׼Ĺ֪ˡȥ취ҡЩӦϷʶϽѣԺдǴ
ʲôЫӡ֩, Ϸȴﳤ, Ǳߵļѻ֪ĳ˵, ЩӵϽ˻ЩСɰݳġ
׵̺֮ǰҲһֱңһʱûҵϢϢˡ
ֵϣۼÿ׸ůὥָǳ, δȬ, ࡣ, Ͽۣ
濵, 峿Թ, ǰö, ֻ΢Щģ
׸˵ľ飬һαȬˡ
䭵ͷ˼
ס, ġǳ⣬ϰˡ
䭵ϰߵģͰˡ
һ̺ŵˣҪѪֲܼĲ㣿
ĥţֵЩҩϡŹֵúܣäĿѰҺгЧЫ򼶼Ķ֣ʮʮרι˵ϽƵˣǻ
ϽҲûУǱȥϡϹϷȴ࣬͸Ҳ
ֹ㣿ûаȫвĵġ
ϲûü˵ԱߵĿϴѾȲʣ˵඾Ͻࣿ
ǰѧ֪ʶͻʦˣϲκ͵ɽѧ֯ȥȴʱΪ׼ҩƷصزһϣ֪һ㡣
ϷʪȣЩطϽڶֻ࣬Ҳȷܴܲʮʮꡣ
ϴͬͬĶ棬ҩҲͬҩԸǿҪôõݡ
һ仰ҩࡣ
תͷ濡
濱۾šΧ롣
ͨģ۴һѪ濱Ŀ۴ûһѪɼ֮˵ˮ׼
һӺȡ£䭿ԱĿ濣ʿ׵֣ڿ۾𣿡
׵Եġ
ǿ濣ս
濡˽䭿ԼĺҲоĿĿ
濡䭵Ͻ΢Ц˵۾ѽ
濣
˸ղźѬ¯ڼڰƴСͭ¯ǰս˰죬ҲմȾŨһ˿֮߾룬ֻһΧ͸
䭵㼸ǰܿˣ㶼ûиңǲΪ͵ң
濣ǡ
ƽڳ£ڴĦԷ̬ԽǶǰԽ󵼡˼ǽٵҲױ˼Ψн䭣ϸִţʱóĽƵ޿ˡ
Ϊһ˼˼ǹ࣬Ż̫һҫ۵Ľûаֵֿ
˿̵Ľ䭣ͬһŮӵĶ٣Ц¶ɭ׵ݣΪʲôңΪδޣȴǵһʱ֪ˣ˼Һİ
濣
һԱŵĿ̲ס룺Цһ˿ˣ
䭷濽ŵס˺Ȼ뵽ǰȻ򶨵濣¿ľȡ
ֻǴΡ
ǽɨһۿס
ϵЦܲãһȴÿ״˸æǣ˵ϵ뿪լ
˵լ⣬׻ûзſӵӣӱòһӣæסСġ
ʮĿһ˦׵֣ŭТӣʮꣿ
æЦϴ
Ӻһ˦ߡԵαԵķ֪࣬ܲӣҲߡսľĲ಻ɫûɫŰۡ
ȻǲˡŮȻҪյġǼϸˣ
.
ҹǰȥϵˣӶķץ˾ֻˣֱӹؽ˴εǾսβҼ̣רŹѺطˮΡ
ֵֻܱ㱻ֱˮΡ
ˮеηΪ֡һֱӰ˹ڰ˶ߵˮУǡˮ̡һ֡һֻǵ泱ʪ
ˮ̵ηƽϵͣˮţ֪˶ֳּ꣬桢ϸ˹棬ţ£ֻվҪ˶ãͻ帡ףáȵƣʱ򣬱㵹ˮ
ֻ˱Ѻһ֡ⲿηԸߣĵˮΧʪҺɫùʪǽڣʯ촦Щɫ̦
صڽϻ켣꣬˵һۿԱߵˮη֮
̺һ¸ɫɷף֣⣬Ǵ˵нǹѺϸˮη
ǰרŹѺзϸĵط䶼Ը֪ضţƺѾضʮǰʱ౾Сʱ򱻳ŵĹߣֹСҹޡ
ȴ֪λξڵִسǵļ֪ˮεĴڣ˳

δ⼸򱻾ŻӵѹŲܳͷھͷȴΪ̲£·׽ҪѶʶڻ¡غξְ֮˱Ȩ£˻ѾĽ֪̰ȨƵĵײС֪ѹ̰ѾãΪξá
ڶգźѽլʦδʦ㱨ҹץֻ˵Ľ
󣬵ĵغͽҹϵǳǽ֪Ƶצһ֪طˡ
ѽڱ˹ѺˮΣ㱻֪طųҲû¶˭֪ˮκ֢úܣ˵ˮ̣͵Ϊ־˷Ĳ١ͷۡ鴤˶ʤ
֮ص˾㷢쳣ҲֻΪһνˮɣỳ̺ɵֶΡ
ߣ滨̻Ķͷ˾ռ滨ֵ֤ײп֤֤ȷ䣬Ǳˡ
濵ܸÿˣ
ӲƤеģ
ʵ
֪󣬽䭲ġ
˵Ҳ̺ɵĴһڽ䭵⡣Ϊӽ¥ѹЩˣ֪̺ɲǸϸˣȴȻϰԵó˴ǰڽϵŮɣ̺ǱΪ顢ûûء嶯յӵһλ˼ıһҲڷͼ
ҺðܣЧΪʰ̯ӣ̲ȣ˺󻼡Ҳѹ̩̺Щҹطŵ·ϷԸѽڼ仰һҹ֮䣬¾׾ٵĽˡ
˳֮Уʤǧ֮⣬һýΪ֮㵹
ԡ䭿Ķã߱ˣֻҹĵ˵˯
䭲κĺã̺ɺͷޡ
֮ǰ꣬ĬĬǵĴţΪڸ˴̶ϲ
˻ȥ꣬䭶ţгһչˣһҪ˶֪ŮжáɢºĵŮˣͬҹе£ܴӦԼ⣬һҪʶ˶֪Լһϡ䱦̲סҫĺӡ
ʱţ𽥳أı뷨Ѹµĳ嶯
֮꣬ϲˣ޲ʲϮأֻԼܿǻȫꡣ


51 
Ȼô, û޳ͱײⲻñʼĩ
̺⵨С, Ѿˣʡ
޾Ͳһˣһ򷴸αɵضͬ붼ͷۡ
˵֮ǳˣӦ˵ͬ, ͬһĴڡ
֮ǰ, ѲƸζǰиޣһ֮ΪŮʵ̫̫ĥߴˣ֪Լô, ǵñԼ߶ɡ
ƫƫԼǰɹЩȫ֪, ʱһᷭ, ֤ԼĲף
У۽Ը̺ɣԸ֮ˣôɱ֡Ψз޿һеľӢ
Ů࣬Ρʵհǰ˺, Сĵù֡
ǰŷɸĶʮΣջֵּ, ڳǰϸ˽Ŀ, ׼Ŀ, ߻ȫ, һСжô, ӡɴɱ֮£ȫģĳɹͬȼзǳ͡
֮, ޻ر棬˵һϲЦ½һһۣƱͨʮֽ̺ɲҵ²ۣȴĸϻ
ӣ˵һǻѪڹûоٳ޷Խƿʦ硣
޹ֽķʧȥ˺ܶش¥ĻᣬСĵ飬Ҳڽ¥СԵסû֣ףʵԺ
Ǹյˣͬ顱֡ġΪӷŻɵ¶
ӴǵġΪ±֪Żڿ̺ɵĵһ۾濰˸ߣһвܡһصĵطһûϷۼúܣһ濵¶߷ޡ
ò֪Ҫ¶ã
ڶգѴȥׯ԰ʱûţԼȥ̾Ӽޡ
ЩС΢ķ޺ѵĽ֣Ҳȡ̡赺ϡԽ䭵ӣʦ书ܿ𣬵Ū¥ȴָˣֻĵֻصø
԰ţ԰ӻζŨƳ
£һŮɫۣơ
Ц˴л磬гأ续
û̧ͷƺΪԼǰı˾ƣĮĻˣڴĽǿˣŶʮꡣ
䭵Ƥһ㣿
Цеǰڷ޶棬ȵصԭʦô˼أ˼Ҳʦ㡭ʮһ꣬Ƕʮء
ЦһθգѱΪʲô
䭡֣޴Ͷе鱨ԴͲ鲻һϢǷ·ƾðһ㡣һγ̩̻Ĵϣ˵ʮһ
ݷ֪ǽԪڸʮˡ
ҲǷ޲̺Щԭ䶼Ǽٵģ̸ʲôġ
Ľºһ𳤴ֱʮǰ¥أĲŷѡȥϸ
Ҫ֪ҽ׳ԱлҽΪ˷ܱĺǰϸ֮⣬ԼҲҽߡϸƶƣ϶һʱ䱻֡
ҳÿһָ֣󳤹ǵʦǶڽ¶¹Ƶһ֪֮࣬мӣһ˿ƵŮ˽ԼĺԺ
Ľ¼ɱ֣Ҳʿױ¥ŷ¹ƿơŷżòǣֶңʺȥ̽ӣڷջϵĹƶֻ֮ʱΪĨƶĺۼԱҽʦ顣
һ꣬Ľ¸պʮꡣ
ĽӾľʱȻѡ
ǾԲġĽǴ˼ģֶڡ
ͯĽ±ĸǣȥ㣬ȴ֪֪ɮѰж䣬Ͷħţƽӭ࿴ͯŮгڡֺõĺͯᱻţò毺õŮӱ㽫ϻڡ
֪ɮһ˫ʮֶһ۷Ľµڲͬ˵ż黰ǣֹȻǾѣ̾ˣ֣֪ͨš
ܿ죬˻ɺηַչա
Ȼ⺢ľګСʱڳߣջûܳɹתϢ߼˽¥
ŷſֱˡ
ôĹŰĽµ궼Ū¥ؼĽµ֡
޾鱨մ󲿷ɱֵϣĽµǹԪʮ壬Ԫڣܺüǡ꣬Ԫѹöʮаˡ
Ϊλѱ䣬ҲҪʲôĿģȴթҲƭˣײƣҪҪڰ
ʲôģȻˡ
֪Ц˼ⲻûüôʱ˶ӣǲ˻ɡҪƭˣƭԼ˵Բԣʦ㣿ԭʦһذɣ
еľƺˡϣƨҿרƭԼˣҪ˵¶ţ˵¶أ˵úǴ˭Ƶģǰ֪һѵ¶ڶ
˵һᣬЩɭʵһ֮԰ɣ
˵ǲ¶ţѡǰ˴ССΪˣûһ˱ֳĵģֻǳľˣ۵˻ͬ飬ȥηšһȥĻԼ
ˣôƭ㣿˵ģ
˿϶͵͵ΪԼᣬȻô
ޱЦˣս֮գȷʵ˶ӣ֮ǰأǰһҹǻֹԲߣҪƭҲͰˣ֪һҲԸʮ꣬ε֣
䭵¸ǽжǲСð̲ô죿Էһִ̫ˣʵ벻õķϾͷ
ˣаΪأЩԷ޺ͼλݽöʮ壬ȴʮĮϰĽ˲֪Ȼ󲿷ֶϲ⣬ȴҲģЩ˴ûеõİϧҪôװɵá֮꣬Ҫôɴͬˡ
˱ˣȻΪ벽ʦĸ֣ڷεĺãݽðżε׸磬ͬľ飬Ľ֮δаЭ
ƺ˵ùȥԻͣ˵̡мҪһ̼ӣ㵱߻ħ֮Ǹ¹ڣɵĹ
ɵĵִƣȫΪһӵĽֵβͽ֪꣬Щʲô顪۶
䭡Ŷһһ˵ʲôɵ񣬵ұɵĿϣĹ͸ҵλãѵһΪǷһ鲻ɣ
ĥ㵹Ǿ顣ȻƲŮ鰮֮£ƷأֵһѣҪϽֵν˲ˡ
ɫȷཻҶûһ˿Ů֮飬ˮǣûĿȥأôôɣ޹أֻҡҪǣҪ濡ߣΪƷأҲŲԴһ
䭶Է޺ͽ˺壬ڶԴʱرǶԴЩĽʱ裬ʮĮ̬ǣ紺磬ϻΪ룬ʵšΪáȫ˶Է飬ɰ̡
˵ֲЦѽֵиѣĶҪ֮
Ц⻰԰ż˵𣿶۴˵𣿶ӦŮ˵𣿶ɽȺ˵𣿡
䭣
ȷʵ˵ʮĽ㲻ãʲô¹֥ҪĻܽлֻ֮ĸ飡
һðҾ֪Ūҡ˵ʲôΪ˶һҲѰɣҿΪ̩̻λ᳤ֻɣΪңѵĺȣ
ҧܰѽô죿
ִ򲻹
ƣУҾ˽ķ׷ţҪϴ֣Ұ׵ƽ˳ԵԭҲֻǴթһʱ䣬ͷȥ˾͸㡣
޵أˣ¸ҡ֡ң¹ġôܸɳ¶ʲô˽ɱɱ绹ͼƤأĻ͵𣿡
ýϵĶԹ˵¶һֶš˵ʵҾ͸ʵݡҪôɱҡ

ɣ˹Ȼˡ
ԲŲ֪
֪ԼΪˡ׷氮ֲǵ£ǻ÷裿


52 
֪㲻ȥ, ֻ̹ס
λս¥Ϣһ߻ִսˣܲΪǵ˰ɣ
, Ļ壬ΪԸ׼ģ
̵̽һ£أȱ㡣
޴ƣô˵һԤ, ˵Ĳȱ, 㡣
䭵ðɣ㡣
ްһۣʲôҪ̹׾Ϳ
䭵Ҳ֪, 뿪, ħӡ, θˡ
޵ǡʧ£ŷŻšֻǵʱǣıУ볯͢û㣬Ҳû鵽ڵһô㲻Ǳ֡
䭵, ǰ濾ҡ
뵽˷зĻ, ü˵Ϊ˱
䭲ôأ
ؿ, Ҳξ, û
䭵ôһأ԰Ȼ, Ա˾ֻţˡ
޵ֱ׳ǲ̫Ҫˡ
䭵ҾǿҪųɾʦѽ
ÿϿФ¹⡢ֲ֮, ˽ʦµĿʷҲͽһˡ
ֻΪſڴƻ, ĥĥ˵
򴽣ҵͶ·£һġı永ֻʱסŷţȷȥŷһڵ߽ҳҲֻԶܡһ߾ʮֱ꣬ڽ¥ŷףҲŻ
ü
޹ػӡ
һһó֣ΪʲôҰ߻أֱɵĹôƭĴ̼֣
գգۣʦ㣬ûһֿܣʦԽԴֻǿҵС
ЦǰǼٵģǼٵģֶǼٵģ˵ġԴ
ֻ˵Ϊնڶܳʲôô
֪ʱǾ㲻ţҲǷǳעشͳ׵ġ׺ϰ֣ǴӹزٵĻڣ½Ҳ⡣ǱֻҪҪķţϵܲܵ޽
ʮ꣬Ѿ磬Щɻ䡣
ʮǰ֪
ǻѱһ
ʮĿӻδ꣬˼Ҽɫ⡢һ飬֮ദݣĲ֮£ϾᡢƤм飬ʵʱˣ˸ʮꡣû̹׵Ļᡣ
ʮȥˣط֮Ҳû뵽濻Ȼǵѱ갡
֮ǰʱҲ֪濻óףʱңϵؾԡ
أ
ֱӾͰдڼĸ˾˵ļˣ
ѳҲƭˣô̹װӡ
ҲĪǰѻԽеףҸ̹ף
ȷһߣǰҪǣһСѣѷ޺Ūȥԭ˼߷
벻ܰ
֪ˣ̺ɾ֪ˣ̺֪ǲóЦʮꣿ
ֳֻ죺ôأѽŮСڡĽֻ֣ŷȡģҲͬ䭡Լȡģһ֣ҵҲҵġҸ˰ôõϱǻοмӣ
ᾲ£΢ƢĶãҲдúÿֱ˫ȫݡǡС⣡ôƵŮأ
ޣ
üͷһΪֵ⡣
ôأ
ĽŮôİһأ
ǣĽһʮֵ꣬ȷܸɳ¶ƫִӣҲֲиغŷĵˡ
ưɣ
ʦٶ֣ϽǱΪ顢ݣƶһвҲûС
Ҳ˻ɣ
ֵȷʵ˫ȫȴǽΪģġ䡱ǡʦġ䡱书ڽֶʦ֮ϡ˾ϲȻ⣬Ҳһ֣ʦôôͿأ
պ̺ɼ֮󣬷˼ǰһҹ
һ书ĽǱ쳵һʵսһĽʦƾðģӱҲټʱҲضŴڽ
ר鱨ô֪֮꣬꣬ϸǵ
ʮ꣬ʦŮӣԱ񱱷ŮʦĲס⡰µһֹ
ʱԶֱչ˵ڲ֮ٲⲻͺҲ൱
û̺ɵֹģ
̺˵Ȼһٽ幫ƽΪơɣ޻Կ϶ǡֹ硱
ȺαӲ
˲ھ£ʦĸ̡
ܼ
װһ书äˣ˵ûоͼı˭ţ
ЩƭɱаɡħЩӲõˡǰ꾫ƭˣ
ǰ紺絴㻶Ůˣ޼ֱҪϲˡ
⻹ǽϺպĺ꾫
Ǹ򻨴йƬҶմЦĽȥĶˣ
ʿӿһǸ˷Ľк󱳡ӱƳ
ֹ£濡ݵǲģ
ּҺı׫һݣǶԭּŮ
ٳٲԸּ˼棬ǲΪͲּŮ¶Źⲻ
һ뢣£ǰټݣʲô
ǲΪϷ֡Ⱶħţ
ɿǱȽ¥öĶ֣Ǳ֮ףͳ̸͢ڣ˵Ǿ֣֮
һ뵽Щеɽѹǵضոմӽ¥ѹ½ѵķ鲻ԽҪΣص޳
ǡ
һ塢ĽʦúȻϣô
ʽ䭣ж˽⣿֪֪ʵݡʵ飿ֺ֪绽̳𣿡
䭲֪뵽ʲôɬѽȻǺ˽ˣ˽⡣
޿̣㻰أ㺦߸
䭣
ܲشҵ⣡ض첻õһǲˡ
ε㲻װʦ㣬йذ濵ϣҶǺġ
޵֪ڱһӦ𣿡
Ǳİ̩̺ŵ̶ӿֱĮɺкаЩԸҲԸĹӶϣһ곯͢ȱи߼չһ£ִƼشץһƥѪۿǼҰ濵ˬӢˡ
ôģ
ĵֹأǼֱ˼ҹ롣
ޣ
˵Ҳûк֢ǰӵˮӰɣ!


53 
һָ
걻ŷɳĸɱ׷ɱ, вУ·ߵһҪǲǳ˱衢ӣôһ㾯Ķûأ
޺ƭ
תһ, ɫǻ裬֪濵ʵݣҲ򡣻ţȽìٸЧ, ò, Լ񲻸ã
Ƿ޲ټƣһתͼһŪǷ, ֪̩̺̻һӦ, 𣿡
䭵᲻֪һ꺵, ǣǰϷڻ˴ʳƲ֮ʱ͵ƽ޸͢ڴѹ̷ƽۡΪ˾Ȱˮ, ͬ, ίˡ
޵֪, ƽ۵̼ҡ, ɹ̫ǶڻĲ, 鴦Ҳٳ˰̡ʲôί˾η, ն˵ĳ
ǫˣǼҰȷʵĵ
ޣֲɵ, ǫƨ
еɫȻǼҰģҵȻɡ
޵뾢ҲϷ޼֣Ҳ޵ȰգһӦպկʱɲô˵ģ˵˼̰ȨƣרľգԲŻɲʦΪһ˽կĲرҥʵֻΪ˱կĻ
䭵˵ʵ
޵ͬΪΪҲԼΪô濺Ͷ۲һ
ֱ׳˫갡
ޣ˫˫ʲô
䭵˫꣬˫ر׼ҵˣȻǧá뾢Ǻ޹ϵһˣ׼ôһοҾϲ⣬С
0
޵ϲ⣿ԣǾϲ⣬ΪȢĻҲϲЩŵɡҿҲòȥ˼ûôһ̻ᣬƹ񡢹¸ǰ˰ٸ۶Զηмӣ̶ȺոǿĹֻǮǸˣǸ򵥵ˣƭ˻Ǯ
ֹǵðǮ˷ء
û壺˵ʲô
䭿һûʲôûʲô˵ŮҪ͵ö༸۶Ȼƭˡ۸ô죿
˾ƱҧǺǡģʲô˫꣬ƫ۶
ЩƱֺõıһ£ûͷ룬ʶ˺ڰͰ࣬Ըƴ䣬ܿɹƷʡʦ˵Բԣ
ֵʵףǾ̰棬ҿΪһʱ棬ڿԱֵŵԻʧ˱ġӦңҲǳ嶯ˡڸҪϣױƭ
ҳϣʱϲҶĶģΪѩĶš׿Ȼɶֻһʱܳã֮ĽΪŻ֮飬Ʒ
ԳδĽһˣʵΪλĽ
䭵ʦֻûԵǸˡ
޺Ȼһ£ң㲻Ϊ濳úÿϲ
䭵ôǳ𣿡
޵ǡ
䭣ӣ˼û
ļΪؽҴ㵱֮ԺͰżνݽãͬⰢ̵ĺһԭ˶úÿ
䭵ʱΪ˱Ϊ˻Ѿƴȫˣ֪û죬߽Щ˽ǳûģȻѡģ˳ۡǶδ˼ĳ嶯
ڱĴϣҲǵѽԸҾ͸ˣδ˼ǣʮꣿ
ҪۺÿòҲúܿôûģ
޵԰ҲÿһƬϣ뾢ߴӢҲΪ㻶龫ǡ㵱ڽһݺ֪ۼˡô͵һϣּ𣿡
֪ĽŮ㡣Ҳû뵽򻨴йƬҶմĺ꾫ĵˡһҴĴҳ¼̳˳鰮ҵܻ˼ҵӵ
ȴˣæʦ˵ʲôأҺǶ־ͬϵĺѣôһ˽أаżκͷ뾢ǵƷЯֿУװףɲ˵ҸգѾĨȥǰǸһϵûˡԣ˼Ǹͺǲʶأ
Ϊĸ鶼ϣ˷ԵüĮ
ҲһĿЯֵͬˡսѣɱŷšᵹ¥ĿѾʵ֣ǵЭѾɣĿˣҲò˽˸飬ֻ˵̫졣
䭶˶ֵǼҰôһأһ˵ŵһƬɭţ
޺ɸֵûôż
䭵ԺΪδ޵ճƷ¡
޳ЦΪ˸־滻ˣȽ֪з£֪ʲôء
еţ򶨵ܡҶ˳ˣԺֻּҸܺЩн
ĵɲ㡪ǲ֪һ˾ܴء
̩̻֮УҲ֪Ի˶ٸ֡˿̣˵ŮʿһԵһ֡
⼸Ҳ֪˶ٸ֣¶٣ܸеصĿ̽鱨˵ڰԼ̺ɵϸôɣ濵ֱţ
ܻ֪ʦݵķ뿪
ƹ鱨ô꣬ЩжթϿʵ˼
жأ
ϣеվֱġȻһڲֵܲ֯ԣֻÿһԳ֮ǰѾԲ˰ɣ
Ϊֱ͹մϱߡֱ˵֣̳ȵһͿءÿһάԼ˽֮ǰѾΰɡ
Ϊ˺ŮİΣ󺣡ԭڱ֣֪ĵ䷶֮⣡
覵ġƷôģ
ĸҲһĿڲһ⣿
޿Ǹαӣ
޵Щ̼˼թģ濾Բʡ͵ĵƣ㲻ܱŪڹƻ֪
ֲʯĳȻܸеλһĽԼǵġ
̾һ΢Цʦ㣬𼱡˵
һھƣ࣬Ŀ֣أظܵʦȣģʮˣĥҵжϣġ
ʲôˣǰʲô£Ҫ
Ʒ͹ˡ
νѵúͿȥ²ϸ


54 
Ҳǰ, ҲûʸĹָֻšο֮ԳΪΪЩ
Ҷ, ᾡܽеΣΪֵãҲΪһʧȥź
һ죬, ֮, ѹ԰ϵڶˣһú, ˳Ԩ
𾪷ǳ, Ļ, Ϊ˵ɱ
䭵ҲôӲǡһңδңȫƭҲ᲻ɱһɢ, 
ͷҶ᲻, һ˶Բҵ, Ҽ, ҲҪúûš
嵭, ɫ, εЦ⡣
˵Щʱ, ŵʻ㣬·ֻһ£İ˱ҪҲҪ֮ȥһ
޳Ĭ÷治֪ҰҺޣǸԽ
ЦΡվǡĽ¡ǸĽĽŮ
ʶʮ꣬ƽղ˽Ľ䭡
ĽλеġʦáֻףԼԶҲ罭㡪ЦŭСڣѡ
ĿЦģ
ڽϿ˽ʮķ꣬˶թҲΪ顢Ϊܲܣٿ罭֮ˡλʦôӲ׹طУȴҲħǵȺԵķɣԼ׼
ƣɱ޹ȴҲӲڼ壬Ҳг𱨳ԹԹ˭˶ǵȥⱳڮ٣˵ðȴҲһҪȻȥ
ԣԵǰȻ
һֱΪʦǳȻģǲܵ鰮ġ
ɵ˽죬޲֪
Ҳסо
Ҳհǰ˺ˣ
ҲȫϸĺǻûˡߣҲϺһ˿һ
Ҳᵣĺ£˲
ֻҪ濡
ԽԽԼҹ̫ˣֹǵͼˡ
ֹĻαӣ˼ĸܵõʦõ书µһмɫǮǣҲ䲻ԼôõĹ
ʦһ
г̾ȻԱߵĽ͵͵Ӽ⣬ﻹһİ֮ɫ
ޣ
䭸еĿ⣬ɵһ⣬ֻǿЦ㲻ֵ𣿡
޺Ȼžذѽϣղһ
æס֣Цѽʦ㣬ҴҴˣÿЦҾǾ̫ˣԾһաô۶ҪҶԲңҾͰϻϽصأһӡ
Ͻɽ֮Уһصأ˵һصɽȣбʵ䷽ĵططλֻн䭺Ͱżζ̶֪֪
֪طȥһΡ֮󱻽䭱ȥġ
Щϵ书ʹӣǱ䭴ԭץķ²˵żθ˹ƶɽΧҲ˶߳ϣȥ䭵ĲҾơȶǳ
ѡµһ书ɽ뷨Ǻܺãɷôأ
Цҿ˵Цɣ
䭵ġ
ޣ㿴ŲţôͲѣ
ʵûŪˣ߳ŭѽҿרעҵаٷְٱյĸ飿ĸвԼӵأѪԵϵߵһܲðֲһ˻ȥС𣬲£
ЦãȥֻҪ˾У
䭼ɿڣϽתƻ⣬ˣҸæʰżûϲٶĳ
˵óһֽݸдֵֹĺЩӵƺҪ
ûΪʲôԼдʰżΡ˿϶ǰѰżҲˣ˵Ƣ˾㲻һҲ۾ɣ
ʣҪЩʲô
䭵濵۾ҪЩҩβ
˵۾ʱʧ״
һһ룺ֹԻͦȫ۵ʱ򣬱˵κ۾ƭ˾˵װä˵Ǽ򵥣ǰִʱҲװ߰˾ʮΰɡ
Ȼ˺ôԵʵ޾״ȴʱԼ򣬲ٴĸƭӣ䭵޲ӦŵһԼּĳѯȻڻ¡
һţһ߽µ
¥һ£ֵýϷзͷβͨϰն˺Щ죬۽ˡ
ͨ˵ʲôһǮǿаأж񱨣ϰص
һ˹Ϸ¥еβҵ
д˵ŷһʱأŷżʮ۵ĻƽŷŵֶغƺֶŮҸˡ
̰ܽ¥ûвƱ˶Ϊ¥СҺʱǾͷһ죬ҪȻ¥֮գǱȺΧ֮ʱ
˭һ
Ľ¡ɣޡ¥
ͷԼ֫ĴĿУ˭һ˭棬һ⡰ˡñӾͻ˭Դϡ
غƺ͵ҸʵŷŵѪˡݣغڵİؼҺ͵ҸڵĵҼΪߣ˱Ǹˡ
䭻δɾʦʱҲæټΪʦ֮ұ㲻ΪС
ǮƣҴҵҼҵϣǵһʦɱ֣λʦѹϢ˼£ǼͥҪԱսսŷĻҪȫ͵һֻУҹ˯Ҳֵһʮʱиʦһпȡ˻ץס֡
ʦɱʤټһ壬ҺʦֻᱻƵҵ䭳ʦ󣬰صңͽ¥Сĵ˴ǣ뽭䭺ͽ⡣ȻˣҲƫ䭣ǽͷݣ˭Ҳ߶ʦ˭ﲻ𡣶ŷźͽҲƵԷһȥС۶ּǳʦҲֻűˡ
ֱʤŰѰصҥʵҲҥ䭺ͷûҵŷŵС⣬˭֪ĶĶȥˣ
ǰҲϡЩƱԼҲԣҲڽһǧ𡢻ӽֽԣϡЩ֮ֻڡ
䭵ԼǵãŷһĿСʱˣҼģʦӡ𣿡
޵СʮǰΪһżã˵Ŀ׶ģĶ֢Ϲ١ŷŵϢ͵˻թǡҰĲʱЩ߻ħҶ˴ʱ񣬲ʦ
䭵ʱϣ


55 
޵ϸ, ûСδڽ¥, ֻǼĸֲ֪ʶһܲʶУҿ϶ϡۼҲ¶ڰغƻҸ
˼ҲҲǡ
ŷŵ½ɱֻʣ·ޡԴӽ֮, ŷŶ˶һ, ;ĩ·֮£òطޡת־Ͱѽ¥£ŷŵĻҵһ, ޶ɽĻᡣ
Ҳ, صŷŲŻ, 뽭䭾ս֮ϡ
ЩУûаؼҺ͵ҼҡҺڼһƴԶŷţ񡣽Ͻ塱֣Ѿ˼ҵûǰ, ǵ, Եͱ, ƽ׶ǿС
ԽڵĽҷ, ûдϵҼҺͰؼҡ
ѵͷ, 䭺ͷ߯, ϱżдǴعмӰӵûӡˢӡһ, ÿһҽ¥µ˵֡Ļָʹ塢ɱ󡢴ɱҪ󣬻н¥²֮ľϣɱɵĿġ꾡Ȼʡ
֮£ת˲¡˽֪
ЩȵȺԭվŷԸ䭣£¶ǰ˿̱¶ʱը˹
æ֤ݣ
æϹģ
æҵؿۣ˵Ǽĳ˽¡ϵ壻
˹鷿ԡμҲϡǣ

֣һš
¥ǲıķմȾϹϵɴСһСץסѱ˵Ǿټ֮
޵ȴӽ¥֮Ҳһ̲еͽ¥ӹƲ˹ϵ
ؼҺ͵ҼδǣİغơҸ춯ܴߣ˽³ͼ߼ΪŷṩһЩصı
ʮǰŷй޼ĺŷŵĶɣض˵أð˽Σ˭ҲԷʵȷʵСĽķҲûз˴˿ºƲżߡ
޵:Ұ䣿
ȻܡĿǾǶ۾кôܲβҲҪԲ֪
䭴ǰ͵͵ȥʱ±֪ҿֻлȺ￴ԶԶڸ¥ƵԶۿ
濼¶棬Ҳñֱˮ˴֪ۼ
䭵زʦԿ³֮عص
޵˭ҪЩֵֹҪǮ
䭵ˣƷ
޵֪ö죬Ҳܣ濸Ǯȸٳ֡
䭵ɶϵαôп룿
޵˭أϱǮͲɻ㿪ĸƨ
ɬϱʲôģ˼һûء
ŶͻͻۣδҲҪǮ
䭵֪֪ˣʦŶ
޵Ӷ໨Ǯ֪㵱µǮͲãСѾ˵ӣ㲻ͶҲҪˡؾͯۼҵϯҿǲҲ֪׹󣬻û׶͸첲գ
䭸ƼвˣǣʦˡⲻúǶ̩̺ŵ˽Ժ󶼲زϯ¶ˡ㿴ǲˣʡѧѡģĸСӸٵңʰ
ĵǺܷˣǶģǶֹġֻСħͷѵδ֮⣬ԼҼСӦڻ¡
޵ӦչȺСӣۼǮǮɣܻΪһ̸
䭵ĿŶǰͷյĹأһ͵ø൱ļ۸̤ʦľֵƽʵȡðѼͿգ
޲ɿڣҲ׼ǷˣҲֻܴӦҪزپҵµݳƷˣ˪ǾͲΪ໹ûзųȥķӣֻżԼԶһ㡣
ʱ޸һ£̺˵ڽǼħ˵ټЩԽԽЩڽ󰸣ŵĸ֣ǿɾͲˡһᶢŵ㣬Ҳţֻ֪Ե硣

䭴̾ӻȥ·ϣַǿе֣ȫһ
ϳţ˿壬Ǻ;ޡ̺¼֮󣬴ҿ˼η塣Щƽ˵˱ȾֻǿɱȾֻ᲻
ɾ˸緹Ĺ򣬴ҿ̬ȴ䣬һ·϶Цӯӯ΢΢ʺãһһϰЦݱжˡ
滨ֵԵϲ
סһԼʺõĴʲô¶𣿡
̵صϰû˵𣿽£̵롣
䭱죬䷳زϰ˵ΪףǶ顣ȽãҪټ¡ϰһǧֻΪһЦ
ˣ£̻ǿĵøƵġˣɱˣǱѻҲŻݻֻݼڡ
滨ֿģĸ˾һıýַĸԸף
и𲻳۵ڮ٣Ҳ˸ͣȺ֮ά濶˵Ҫûδ˳˳ذȥ˭ܸӹȥأ
һȵķˮů
̶һ磬濶⣬·˽֪
Ķܲأ
Ļϲϻլ
̺ڴſɹ̫ྐྵӣ͹·С졣
ȻȻأ
ܲˣ춼Ѫ㵽񣿡
򰡣Ȼˣ˵ǰʮǮûСӴϰ
̺æΪţĵ鷿ء
䭺һ˵ڼңҲ˼ʱɣϲس˺Ժ
̺һ
鷿
ԶԶؾԼ濺ѽڵ˵
ûڶ˵ʲôСԺӣڣͷ·һסһůʻ˰硣
Ųӯ˽ܸоеĻ죬ŲƵҲƺĪĶ˺ܶ۵塣
̤鷿ѽڿһۣˣ
ǰǰ°ͷϥϣ̸أ𣿡
ε֪ʡ᲻أ
䭵һϵĻܣǲǲ̫ã
ҵ£²ɸ֪㡣
ᣬ̰࣬ѽԵͷת
ѽûǮƶ֮ȵδķ˽󣿰ֵأ
޷ģҲһǧȫѽڵʹɴ˿޷ͬܣҧ´һգѽֱӶûۿϣȻȥ
ˣڵʱ濾̱һ۶ֻ˵˵δޣܴ¡
ȳլصԼԺӣҵ֮⣬лһҲƽƽӶڽ䣬üͷϵһĹ֣Ƥɹڣ˵ģũ
ŵũʵСӣ϶԰зԸ
ѽڵûУһվɡƵ˻գз粨С
ѽڵĻũģϰΪͷ
˵òƲɨѽһۣСӳ࣬ϵ緶
ѽ壬簮ֻϣ㲻׼ɱҡ
һƣʵͽģæסӴ졭
ԽԽСѽֻӰģһ¡ϸѲټ
صϿ˵Ϊջس
ѽڵûС˵ˣû˵Եɡ
زΪΣǻ˵ٲ飿Ļ͸⣿
gٲһˡǰͽ¥¥ŷͬھаʦɳĽ¡


56 
Ľպ, ƴ棬¼࣬ؿ̽, һҲ˵֪ĴšҪ飬ȻҪǰϸƽ
ʱѽ̾һ̸¡
ѽڲ֪ΪΣ濺Ȼȡԭõľ¥̸֪̾ͷƹҲ̾ţΪ˵ȽһҵԵʡ
ʱ˵, 濺Ȼɫ䡣
ѽȫͷԡûϲŭɫʧɫ̬֮
Ҳ, ֪ԼǾ仰˵ˡܿ濾˾ɫһ
̾ӻʱ濷ûеȽͬ, ǶԻլظ, ̷ԸϸĽƽ
֮һ˹ڷпʱ
̩ɽɫסµһ, ءʧ̬ˣѽûûε˶ˣ²ǲǳʲô¡
ĪǸаʦʲôΣµĴ£
˵λаʦʵԨԴкüΣ˺ǳһֻǴδ档
ǵһ, ȥǵĺ̸, ӯĺɽ߷˵Ϣ, ı̩̺ŵĻǡĽǱи·;˵, ߷ײв, λ˵粻аʦ˳־˿, ȥ̺ŵǡ
һΣǰ, ʦΪץסɣأųϢͣʦ㶼˻ȴĽ;ǣɣؾˡ
֮⣬мΣҲĽʦ·ɲɣ϶ԡмӵİֻôȻûһ棬Ҳˡ
˵Ľʦһݡֹ罣æԸŷţʦʱԶţɲڡʦĽѾͬͻƵʦˡ
ʦȻĽʦѽҲͦƶ
Ĺ濴ӷгָ⣬gջ
濻δй㳯Ϧĵʱ
ѽҡͷϣ˵һС£Ѿ뵣ġûʡ
ѽڲأûĥ¹ġʱ濡濴߽ʱѾ¡
ļУһֱˣĿе޵񻰣濾飬һǶԵģв˵ʲôʲôǡ˵뵣ģĲġ
濵κξ֮ǰֻΪǱ߳ʲôʣǽӴѽʡȻȷʵ濵ľ㲻ٶԡ
үǱߵĻŵˣ˵ǾүѾӾǳսִءүС㡢СүǱҲյš
ѽڵʦʦл˵ʱ𣿡
صδֻǷɸ봫鴫˼̵ѶϢү˵Ὣɵ񽻴ãΪϱƸСĮ˵Ҫ׼һر»һʱҲˡС˵ᾡ쵽үڱչɺɽչأ˵ǵ˽ҪͷɴľүѾĸɽ⣬үһأ¡
ѽЩʧ
ϲʦֺͶʦˡ
ʦƽʱףֳͷʦʦúùġӵܣԴöһĳճ࣬ÿѽСʦãֺóԵĵġЩ䷽ǲ⴫ģͷβĶһѽÿ뵽ʦ֣Ժ︡Ķǡġ֡
ʦѣһƥŵҰһطǴסģϲ¡ֵֹĹ£ļţ˵¼ˣΧЩ˵Ƶۣһ㶼ˬ书ȴʦֶˣΪһʦ
ֵУǱߴѶ˵ǼѾϵķԸ׼ˣúء
ѽƲƲڲҹȥǽҪ£ȵڶ˵ٰϢɡ
ǵģʦ϶ͽʲôģΪʲô׼ȥ

һߣͽ͵͵ˣСͽܡͽ¡
濵ոѽ˵֪ϱָ͢ǿŮŮӶף˷绯
üһǺ𣿡
趯
Ĳ˲䣬ůڴЩֲڣĦϣ̴̵ģҪ̺ɰ
ЦЦᣬСѡ˻ΪҴ
룬ô꣬к͹ٸͬд򽻵ľ飬Щ꼸ûԴ⣬˴ɱɱ˱ʲôᣬǲҪָֻϺˡ

ھѶ𣿡
濵ܳƵѵˣֻһ
оװܳƵǰ濵й֮ɣ֪ʲôƢԣ
濵֮٣ཻ֮֮ҡཻ꣬Ϊ೤ΪͶƷأɿиǳףػʱܼˡ
۾ðҪǲϲô죿
ȴ̾Ϣҵϣôã˭᲻ϲأᣬȨƣȤҪϲҿôźã
̾Դףæ֤ϲˣǹʥŮҲϲ
濵𣿡
䭵Ȼģ
գҾͷˡ
Ϊ˺˶֮꣬ý䭱ȳǽƤҲסⷢĵƫʱĪЩͺߣֻΪҺã˲Ųôء
濵ָķ˿ô벻ҪĿУɽŮ಻Ҳ
濣Ŵü䣬ԵΣЦԭڰĿôáҿ˰һԾŶɱġ
ѣǧ
䭶ԡɽŮ˿İȻȻؽ˻ʱ˿ָͣס
ֻǽûֻſˡ
ֻµؼʵ̺ԼȥҪ£
䭵һ¥˱˱ҵһͿҴִֿһ飬ûһ࣬г֡ˣڽѽڡҲѽЩ֪ƣƭƭȡ
Ͳ˵˶ƭӡ
һӶԽ˱Ծ裬ֵĽʹ򽻵žʶĽ¡˳ߡ
׾Ͱȫˣ
濵ˣƣƴҲпԭҺοǻƾ١ףܿɹǵ̺Լ˽ӣλӶѴǸձɵִأȷҵĺǹһ̵˵öԣĸӣǲմȾЩǷǡԹ
Щ߽඾Ҳ٣ֻ书ɵƲѰ𣬵£뿪ɵΧΪ˰䭵İΣ룬Զ뽭˱ȽϺá۽䭵ʵݵ˭ֻһ˵İ䭡
룬䭿ǱĹذų󣬱¶ĶͣһҲеĴۣɢŰ뱻ţʱŨҵİ̫ҪҫۡԼصˣҲԸȥԼ⡣
ҪһЩ
ҪõԴ
ҪֻԼһˡ
հ䭳ţ֪й˵ԶԶţҲܾ
ǲܰ˽ߣʱˣԷֻܻܼöԷĸԸߣһݡҪǲСİסˣѵʦԴ˴ȴɺɽ
Ȼ뷨ˣǡϰ֮ˣôôأ
ġӦáɡ
ţǵѭ򽥽Ͳǡ
ţȴ׺ɻʢǳ񾲵΢ЦճϲͲǽصزҪҪ
֪ǧذת˼ֻʲô濳飬濶ϸ˵ʲôԺﶼûзͷ¸ճԱһ㶼Ҳֻһش
úúá


57 

ڶս䭳, ֻйˊţ˵ƨ̺û
̺˵Ҫͻ콭Ļ˻ޡٸſ, ٳǰƻ߳ŭһ̺ɾͶŵ᷿װȽ˲Ÿҳɨ
ÿϱϽˡƻĩͬʳѾǾ濵ͷµòˡ
ΪʲôҪ峿ţڴ֡ϻأ
ʱΪ˶
˶֮Ļָָ㡣ʲôˣڽء֮ˣ
ԭ۶С, 淴, ô˶䱦İڮ٣ƫҪվ£ЩǰȥЩ˿ò˼, һҲںǵ, Ļϲصȴⳡ¡
Щڮ, ȴ޿κΡⲻǺȤ
˵Ӹԣ޷߲ȵ͡Ӳ
Լ⣬ŬȥıԼ״˵һһԼúõҪ뷽跨˼ȥԼһ٣ԼòõģҪϼ, ˲ȽˮԨ, Դ˶ԱԼ㲻Ϻܲ
, Խֱ׳̬ǿӲ, ЩڮСԽԵù, ֮УԽ, ΧԽܵȾ
ֻ̬ǿӲЩڮۺ, ǵֻܺԶ֣ǱֻϢġ
䭲˳澳ʼռ͡ң˿ʾǰ
ֻǡ
˶ԿȻҲվ类ףǰ㻶䡣
濼⿪ʼݼ̬Ըı䡣
Ҳÿ˶ЦӭǼҰ̵ϰͶüۡ
ΪÿνϽֵʱ򣬰̵ϰ嶼͵͵
ľհģڿʲôأŲڳȥӣ
ľհͷŰӣڣ֮ǰѾһˣַھĿ֮¿ţЩĨӣֵضŷӽȥˡ
ϰ޺޵صһ۽䭣ֹ꾫
һ㶼
žͽЦ˶ȥˡ߸ŵĹˊ֪꾫ʲô˼𣿡
ˊϾϴĻȻ֪ΪʲôҪԼ⣬ʲô⣬ɻؿ䭡
꾫˵Ļ
䭵㣬סˣ꾫ǳó㡢߻ǣ˻ϲСѽϵĺ꾫
̵ϰˣðеĨݺݶϣ߰æӡɨصһ˫Ů͵͵ӣֱߵߦһһƨɣ֪ԳԳԣĲ֪ɻ
ˊڽ󣬵ʵ꾫ǺûϵδޣǺ꾫
ˣ⺢ӣôôʵ۶أǲΪ˺ǰ̵ϰﳳô
ˊҡͷ˵Ϊʲôܾã˻˵㡣
ԳʦʦķԸ½̩̺ţ׷濶꣬ȥԭϡĮɽ֡ߡЩǿеʱ࿴׵ľռǵõ˺õĽ½δ⣬ºҲѾõľϡ
԰ڵĻäĿΣҪȢޣһ㶼濵ľʲôԡλİġΪϰŮӣǳϣ濵״ྶͥ
У뽭ˣֵܶδ˵Ƣԡ
ȥô
˵ԳǸ꾫
⡭
ȴƷءӷ緶壬˿֮Էúϻ
ˊ󣺡
ҲܲףһӹȥĸʱСϢü죬ּ˶ʶ˽䭡
濵ռһ࣬಻¡ʹЩҲʶ˺ȺԸŮˣڽҲҳڶ
սˣЦӭԶԣü۵һȦ˰̵ϰķĸīֽѧ˸
⻹ЩС̯ηֻʰսԴԼڸС
ȥֿ𣿡
Цһ㶼٣ļˡ
ҲǴ滨޵ֵһأ
Ҳ˵¡
ѽڸһԺӵ¥ӣ滨ĽβѾ˿ʼӺͺԺǱӴˣ˹ֱסȥ
￪ӣΧַھȻʲô⣿ڽͨʱڣھǷǳҪģھӣҶ뷽跨޸û죬ͱ˸׳죬Χ˶֪ѣֵܴеһȺ
ڴͬʱҲֵ·ϸϸشǿ˽˽䭵ս
ϴڶ߾̾䭵սǰ
¥ɳʮɱ֣ҪΧɱϪ֡
޸ɱִֵǰϢȥ䭴Χǰ֮ľŴɱо
һоţԡѪսɱʬҰ
մȫʤ
ʦɱֵĺպ쳹֡
һκս죬ȴһСسǣһ̴֡
ǰ̵İͶ̵ĸիš
ս
ףôţҲǴȫʤأ

պ
һ磬ٽţѽںͷլˡ
¥ˡҲ˽أٵòˣ֮ܿҵ濲кӵÑÿ²һǮںǵ֧
⣬¥ĺϣҲͼ۹ӦׯӣԹӦ̺ˣóȥ
޺ѽλܹԼöˣ濴Ϊ濺ͽ䭳ٳδ˱ڴ˺Ȳġ
ֻǡǸϸµˣһ˿֣ѽҲǸֱӡȤӲġһȲ裬ԣΡ
ûһ濺ͽ䭾ͻˡ
ǸսţѽھͲԾ
ѽڵټնǺһͬؼңôȻˣ
Ȼ֮ǰҲδԶӣʲѣѽڣϽպӳǽҪ˼Ҫȥˡ
΢΢ü뵽۸˽䭣вáýԼֵ̼Ŀ̵ԼԼ˳Կ
һַ̣Ӧǰɸǽ䭵·
ֻ䭽ŵһԼʰϽߡѽڣԺпշ𣿿ɷһң
΢̾һǣס֣˵ϲĽϺзȥţ
ǣţȴͷֻ˶ţأ滨ꡢС
ѽĵҲʦµģʦ䣬Ϊн˶ѽۣ˵ӳǽҲܰ
ʵ㿴ˣ
䭵ء
ѽֵʲô
䭵иͽӹҵ棬濻̫ˡ
ѽڸ˼ϴˣ˵ʲôˣ
ôɴûڨˡ
ӵ˵
ѽڣ
ޣ
ſ͵̺ɣ


58 
ֱ׳, ˿Լȡ֣Ųڵᣬ֮, Ͼǲˡ
ǣסָ֣Լ۾Ƣҿһۣʹˣ
䭵Ҳһ۰Ҳܣ, һҪҡǰò, 㳣Һÿɫ˥ˣԸ⿴һˡ
ѳʮһ, ʵֻжʮò, Ҳ˼˵Լɫ˥
ΧޱؿŮ˱ݡ
濵δ, ǿӽԶ￴㣿ٵҼգָ󡭡
Ȼ˵Ҿ֪׺ɣױ䡭ֻ, 籯ȡôСҪ󶼲Ӧ, ɼѾ
ڳ˶֪Ϸ, ݡò绨, ׾ӵıݶһĿĻ, ᲻
濱Ž䭶ѽڱ˸, ѽڱ£˱ŷ޸ˡ
ߺ, ̺ҲضŷҲ
Ž䭻غԺ
ƽȣûڣЦЩΪξǲԸӦң
˿ûвͷ͵㵱˵ҵ۾ÿֻϣطĵһۣܸ㿴õģ
಻ܿƵؼ٣ֱ
ǰһǰһָ˴濵ļŴԼЦǲڲҵģ˵ôǲǱ͵Էˣ
΢ЦƱ磬˫
üϲЦտǳҿڲźˣ
ҹ㣬Цܺ
أէ̳ԭļ䣬ԭҲֻǸŷߵľżʶǳ˽ޣԾǰ۹⿴硣һƫƫɫԣһ飬뷽跨ɧšޣַ̽СȤµʱ򣬶˳ִ
նǽԺˣʤ
ҲʢȻǨȴӲڿͷ䡣
һһˮྶͥȴȤζбط˴˵ľδ䳡Ƕδ̹ԼϸȴֶĬز׷ʡ
ڻĿʱÿһ죬ʮ䭷ζӡ
ؼǵãŲҪװʤԼǰµĺڣһ죬Ҫķڷ
ȻҲǵú
ǣ˵Ӳϡ
ŴЦ˵ǡʵǲĨۣ
ЦҲء
ԾԾԵҵóһ֪
סֻ֡Ӽ»ָǰһһĴǣ𣿡
ֻůڱǼһ£Զ룬ڴͣһ˲δüƷζȥ
۵ոձ׹Ĵǣ䭶ˣûζ㡣
ɫͳˣǴСһӵ͡
˭ܾܾߵİ˵أ
Ҳܡ
䭵Цûֳղ
ϲ
ÿһεǣеǰ˶纣һ⡣
Լ绨㣬˾ŵ
ǵʱԡ·𺬰ŵʻʢˣӭ̰С۷䣬ߢۡ
Եĳ硣
䭲֪ǱϵԵˣ׵ڳȵԲ᲻һ΢΢̧ͷӭϣˮĴ΢΢ſй΢ĴϢת˲ֱסֻϢԼ͵
ƻջ֮£ȱ΢ԱǿùҶƬҡҷӰӵǵĶߣ
һ̸оһ
Ρ
ʮżΡʱ򻹻ε˸ոʶǼµĳʱ濣ֹȫз磬粽á
ڵԺʹǰһ˵º񡣵Գ˺ܶ࣬ˡз磬ҲǰǰڽƤʱƽжȣ黳ȣԽݵ˼㡣ǽǰɡ
Ȼźʧȥʱ濣ڵҲòУϣס
ȻͿԺФŮӵ𽵹ӯ͵ѩĨ̺ɫʣñմȾ̻ߵղܡ
뵽̲ס븹еռ̰ҧһڡ
סֲԾһָ⻬һеĽȻ˲£ȫֹȫ̱һƬѩɫĻУԷ§סԼǿվеӵ濣Ҫһ˿϶ûвŰݡ
ҲеĽսæҲ
δ׽֮£ʶ㣬ֲȺ飬˲˽䭵״
ú󣬸ее˳سһŷ˻΢΢һ֮ﶼ˳ˣ컯ա㣬˼롭
ɫ΢죬ѵõĴһ˿ɬֺף֪Ǳĳֻ˱˻ҧˣֻ߶СҲҺĿäŲӡ
΢΢Ƕְ̫̫𣬲źҺ˼롣ֲǳˣФʮ꣬ƫ˲ι߻ֻ׼׼ԣѺӶˡôˣ
濣
ֱ׳
սȺ۵ķԴǳϬΪ̸˵İֻ꾫ҪƵԶԡ
䭱۾ؿĲλȴٵĺŻսƽ
ɨһݵҶƬҹ¶ˮ̫࣬úԺС·ŢҪˣκصĺۼܱ䣬ɢ
䭵ཻ֪֪濹̲ں˼ʵ°ˡ̻¶ڽеļᶨ۳죬Լ߼˼롣
濣ȴһЦԼʮȻһ鰮
׽ʾãԸĥȴҪȻܹ֮֮ǺԵɣ濴δ͹ʵ䭶ס濲Ϊ̹أҲ֮࣬ǵĶԽ䱦һҪأ֣ʽ˲ܱԽ䭵⡣
һۣòƲʳ˼̻濣أŴЦ§˵Ĳӣɤղ˭׵˼ңˣҷʥˣֹˮǰ㣬컯֮£˼һ޸֮ŮӣĽ䣬ᱡѽžˣǿҡҺƺҲûá
һָͷסੲݵ
䭾һָ
ָ΢΢Ҫջء
䭱ЦС˵ǲ˵ѽھǽںءӺƻĩӦûû˯᷿ŵƣ˵ǻ᲻
䭾ԼһϷҸŮŮԣƣĵЩ¡ǿ𣿶ǻ᲻ѽҪԺ۸ңĻϯء͵ˡѽѽɸôźѽ
򴽲
䭵Ӧҽ⿪۾۵һңұ㲻˵ЩʧϵĻ
Ȩ꣬Լǰǵü˳ۡսս˸ŷɥΣû˸вҷ߶Ľ˵ˡֻ˵ʵ֪ӦԻ˵ĺ
Ĭ޴룬ȴˣ̲סЦԻãѹӶˣĻߵģ
ѽѽҪ˼νһʱðɣһԽԽһأˬ죬ңҶȲˣ


59 
ԭЩ, ȴת˲Цˡ
䭼Цˣʤ׷㶼ңΪȴҶ⣿
־, ĥӲݣӦ
䭲ԣֶ˵һĹǣֻ÷
룬Цؼҵ·, , ΪҪȵؼҲŴңżô𣿡
濵νż񣿡
䭵Ǳݵˡ
Ʒζһ£ܿЩ۵˼Ҳ˵۹, ֻǲ
ס䭵, Ҷÿһ仰, ÿһŵģһڡ֪֪֪֪˱㲻֪ˡ
һ仰ŵı
֮⡪˲ıס
䭻֣ʵڻ·, ЩƲ֡Ҳ֪Ϊʲô, ǵġС¶Ӧ, ǷЦ˵ǰ, ôҡ
濽, ֵ֪⡣ҲĻ㡣, ð֮ҪҳףԲ֪, ҪνĵģǲӦá˽̫ˡ
ͣͷǵġ˽صҲŶԡ
˵ؿʵҵҲһֱֻװһ㡣
Ӻã糯䣬ֲ˻ģƫִ֣㲻ܷ֣û֮ǡȢ֮һ
ỺȴԻҪ֣أ䭣ҵ˽ġ
еЦֹסҾֻ˵İˣҲûΪʲô˵١ö࣬˺ôĿ˵úռ˴ˡģ
̧գΪᣬޡ
ˮӯӯӲˣǸˡһΪҪ˭֪㻨˵ƭٹ
濵ƭһ
һͳɹˣ㡭

䭵ĶһƤ񣬲Σ͵˸㣬˸߲ҵѳԷˣȥҵĽϺз
˵ȥԷԷǰȴԡ³ʪ㡣
ԡĵطڶ᷿Ѹٴ·ȥԣڶԡ濸¡˭ͷŮåѴ롣
Ըźת˲²ڴڶ죬ĥô˶Ƕռˡ

ն꣬ҳΪҹꡣ
ƻʱƽ磬ҹꡣ
ߵĴＷųʪζ
ǽϹľᡣ
һͼϵʫ˼ɽŮһǣ׺Ϊˮȴɽơ
һͼϵʫ粨
һǣĪִҶηХС
ߵĻƿż֧峿µʻһȥԾ½ޣ紵ҡҷ
Ȼ޵ģĽ䭡
ʮϰߣй衣
ڿ̿гɾͽϣս
ʦ󣬱㲻űˣֻԺڤģ⡣Ѵ˽һľ磬ÿһⶼܿƣÿһؽڶȻģ׼ȷƿÿһϸ΢֮
ڿûڤ뽣
۾æ
ۣҹӥ˻谵ҹ¹ⶼƲڵҲܽƮҡĵ΢濵ÿһë
ƺ̵ִŴҹú硣ֵֻôڵ
լԺĳϣɫĵţڷвػš
Ӵ򿪵İȴ⿴Լ΢⣬ʡ
ңƱһСصĿռ䡣
䭵Ŀ̰ʵʡ
ͬҲԼ˿̾˯ߣ޷˯ž
ǰĴ˿̣ʲôأ
ںͺŴƣ
ںȾ
ǳºڷߣŴܣ
ִɵʮ㶼û硣˿̸յʱϾŵӣҹŸոտʼ
ȥʱ񡭡֮ϡ֮ﵯ٣
һڳȺ衣ߣϣȣȣִϥϣơ
ʱû˼ˡ
ֺպиصĺպյޣҲôõаɸ֡ǶٶŷϳԹǸе˽¥вܳʲôĿģڽ䭵¾һãʱ±˴˵ĶԹ͵ӣЦ̣ڸƽҹⳡᾴ̽
䭳裬ûӲסĻ⣬ʵЩӦͲͷˡ
˿ĪЦ⣬ЦЦɲ⣬ȴ֪ﵯġ˼˼ȥǧ֮ǡ
ĥҹʲôڿ˱Ϣ뿴˯ŵʲôģ
ȥսҹˡ

ĹֻڽԺͣһ벻ʱ䣬һδԺлȥ
˰˯ˣԸ棬ʲôǰ
Ŀϸϸظ¶ڿеÿһ缡
ôôÿˣ
˶˵ǣҲ֪Լ⸱ƤҺÿ濵ıǡɣ
ֻǱӰ衣
ολԼߣĺԿļ򣬿Ըܵ¡
ˣ޷غͬһŴϣѹͬһšϧͬһӡ
ɨ濵գϱıӡŸ濵ıӶ˳ࡣ
濵ý䭷·͸ӿİɫ¡
ƽɣ˫ַС˷
ˡ
Һ
Ŀⶵתת濵Ĵϡ
濴ɫƫ䵭룬Լмֲ̬֮
鲻ԽԼԼĴʪģֹʡ
ΨǰĸȪɽ⡣
ͣҪ͵ĵ״
ΪʲôҪأ䭺Ȼ֮ǰԼ濵Ļ֮ԽЩ׵һ㶼ںһÿһ춼գֻҪͷҾܳؽ֮á
ȴͬ⡣
˵ƱеģҲҪСûеģҲС
ƶʲôеûУôͦ˵ģҲûѻ񿴵ʥӶŵˣ˱ȽϣĽеĶ
֮ǰһػֹ˵ǵش߽ССɣ䲻аʦҪȥϡ
ίᶨؾܾˣ˵ȻϽ˽ΪսãϽˣҪϽ˵ݳޣܲ򣬶ȥԭأ

䭺˼һջǺ֮ǰҹһûԽصĶ
¾һΣ˯ˡ
갧۶ԶǷҲӺΪѣ
ֻҹע޷ƽ
ʱչ룬ѽðÿҵţ˵СӲˣ
գգۡ
ѽڶʮˣƹһ̺ŵĲȨôӶ˻Ҵˣ
ѽ濵
ŽңվǰԼĽ쳤ڿҲĿӡŸϵ塣
ʱģ
ѽڴԼǻƻʱ
䭲ɶôҪ
ѽڿһۣﲻ֪ͶСŮСӡ
ҸκĽ˲ˡкӶˣ
ѽڽŶ濵Ѿͷţ˵ȥ¥ѾͷˣСӲˡ
Ժ︡ǸÿϺİϰԼϰڰæһһС
ѽڸľհͰͶӣһ˫̥ãֻ꣬ССͷССӡ
ʱڰ̰æ
ǰ̩̺ŵ˽ӿˣÿ翪¥ĺӱͽȥĽòСѧ֮ģѯľհͰͶҪҪѧҳһڻؾˡ
ǾöáֻԲӵ̫æҪӰ֣ȱ˼æȲ˵ÑķãǱīֽҲǺܴһʿʱûʵֹҵһ˶鼸Ͽһͥο˶飿
ҵӲ濣ûмĸΪ£Ǻ̺δϰ﷢β죬úƤС
Ӳ飬ȴûз͵˼İͷ;¥Ⱥĺӷʳѧ֡ѧԼֺͼˡ
¥СΪѧϰͷۣһԴдҵԣǰѧϰãô˼ңִ֮һȥ͵ԣȺѸٴһƬ
󣬱֮գΪִץסˣֻѾͷŻؼҡǰȥСͷСãСͷ͵͵ºʱ򣬿ӱˮˣձںԺ񣬱ֻСӸѾͷš
ƽҲˣͶ򸾲û
ۿɫдųʪˣȴûؼңͶ򸾱㼱ˡ¥ˣСҲûŷֳˡȺӼ߰ߣ浽ҹŻؼҵǰƱȱȽǣһʱҲû̫żŻһȺ˰˼ҹŮĶȥˡ
ȻҵѾͷһȺ˴ѧã֪Щ˶ѧܷСһ˴˼С
Ҳˡ
֮ǰΪϴͬСϴ϶ּáߵĸ֣һ˶ǵĶ֡С߾Ͳһˣ书Уȳ㣬ֺõĸʹ򲻹Ⱥ֮ѻ
̾ͽӺ;¥ĳһȥҡ
úСԼˣģСȴˡ
Ǹž¥Ѿͷģ򸾶˱ŷҪˣҪްһ
ޱ鱨ԴҪǵָı˵鱨ģָ鱨ˣ
ûӣֻˡñһѽΣϷڰҲȱ˰ɣ
濵Ҫôʱűأ
ѽڵټ֡
ԽԽ
ˮۼʹ˸ѡ
濵Сںδ
ѽڵھ¥Ͷס׼뿪
濶Խ䭵ȥơ䭡
䭵Ҹһȥ
濵ͷãͬȥ


60 
˿ǽ֮ʱ, ڽǣڹ̼˵һֱʵѲߵĲ۶ֵʲ, õ
ҹ滨ֵƻѶ۸պһ¥
¥û˾¥Ŀ
ϳϤǰͶ
һ, ȻǰͶ򸾴Сͷڴ, СԴۣĬĬվǽǣ֪ʲôľհüͷ, ſڳ麵, ԴϹŵİײѾմЩڻ, ˿ҽǡ
Ͷһ߿һ߷߶ţҾǿǼˣ˶࣬滨ַֽھӵտôҲܳ£˭֪Ǽ߸ŪˣһðҵСһ
һԵɮСߣ̲סֹСҲͱһꡭ
Ͷ̽ӻҲ֪ǼҰӴһꣿôԣôʸǼҰӵĽ㣿ǼҰӿ, ǼҵȳС۾ܱȵϵģ
ɮһ, ŭĿг, Ҫ˵ʲô
Ǻ, һֶסһȭ, һȥ, Ҫô飬Ҫôذһˡ
һֻ, ס֡
һһѡ
ɮ
ʱһջصʮ־׼İѿһ˲䣬˳ưɮơ⹦˷һһ糱ˮӿӣԽԽǵȺĸռϷ磬㼫ΣգҲֵֵס
ɮôһƣŭǳͷҪٳ֣ȴһϤӰ
¥ƹģ
ɮɨŵ˵һߣٶԡ
޵һƼΪʽˮ˿ɮҪ𣬱˳ƿֹǸָصĽ֡
Ͷﱻ۵ŵԼ˸סŭһԻŻ˭أб´ﰡҲȥҰͶǲ̰Ļһ¿ķ򣿽Ǵ¥
ɮöͷȴβˡ
ڽ¥ֵʱĸˣ򲻵áƫƫ¶书ֻɶԷҺ
Ҳڽ˻˺ЩˣǷʵĴ֣Ǹʵɱ񣬻ûϹͶŮӡ
Աߴŵɫƹ۵׵ͷƲСЦ޵ܾɤŶŵ˴ɩ£¡
ҲҪҵӣ˵ǰɣͷɮʹ˸ɫȥտСǡ
ɮһҲ֪Լӳ嶯ﺢǵĻ׶ֳͻֻתˡ
Ͷҵ֮ǰȰǼ߽һٻǡ
Ӧ
ʹɩǶӵˣıģżһǺӡǴ˾ͱˣϽҺӲҪġ
˵ӣͶʱۣеȻҪҺӣ߽Ҫʣ
ˣ־ҵˣúľհ˿̴
Ͷʱ˭ǳͲľհ˵תͷֶˣ˵ӡǸǵţ񺦵úӶˣ˵˵ŻԽԽϵ̴Դк
Ӵ㡭ٴԣľհ⧲̴һǣҺԴŵİײһ£ȻǵüѪɡ
Ͷܹһùȥﻹ򲻵ˣǽģҲҰƤ
һ̴һѰס֣볳ؼȥٳĶҺӵĹ򣡡
۾С
ȻӶΣǿúͶԴһ°ľհ̴ֵӰӣһжʱҲɡ
˻Ṧ򣬶ҹ򻹲еĺ֡
ҲƳ滨ֻṦĲ٣Ҳ֪ͶйӵģΪȭŵͨˣû뵽ǽо֪ߵĹΣѧĻǻ켣ģǼҴʦŴУǾֻŶʱһȻû֡
ľհסϱŰͷ¶İ࣬üͷޣһӻͼܻڽǶ꣬ССĽͷβﲻ˵ǴӶӡµĵطҡ
״ƹѰЧ̫ͣѰȻԽԽá
΢֣ü۴Ц˵ź͸޺׺ͣʹ˿̿ľհ򸾣ȵѷ޶˵ıѹסˡ
ľհ룬Ҫڣá֨һű˴˿ˣܼĽŲн
ŵ̺ɡ
һ⡢ƫݣź΢΢ͷڸһ±úܵͣǵţҲԽעϡ
˿վűߣ¶ˡ
ҹĻ£Ʈҡһ˴һ΢ʪûûжһµĽŲ˸еε
Ϊ׵濺ͽ䭡
űɫԲ䳤£ߵĽűɫԽӯޡ
濾ֽȣζ̬ţ֣ǵˮʪ濵ķúܽ
󻹸ѽڡءˊˡ
濽ŵĵһ仰ǣ
ɳسǷӱ޵׷ϣҹպҹǴźӳܲԶһ׷Ӹܻڳڣδ򿪳֮ϲߡ⼸ʱҺӵĽҪͷ
׿Ȼ϶ûģɣ൱ǳŵˡݵˣɱһ¥ϰĳŵ˰Ķˡ
ľհͶ򸾼ߵĻǸ峤Ž£ӳݲɵĵһ˿
濿ǵɫҲ֪ԼĻķܲµͶ˵ı顣˵곯˵˵ͷתͷ޵Ǳʲôչ
޵ǸСߵĿߣڵͼϴ·Сӿܱߵ·ߡ
濵еͼ
޵ԭΪ˽ǵĿԴ˽ǵĵͼóֻڵͼϱעɡ࣬ȥһŵͼ
Ϊһɱһ䭵ڰᵹʳһɱ֯쵼ߣǴһµطһʱ϶ΧĻԤʱܹѸٲùŷߡ
ɱֳģԷ޲ûڵͼһ϶ӽͣ˸Χڡ
ȻҲʣСأǷۿСӱץߣ˿ʲôˣ
޵ںءСӷֿûϣҲûпץСӵˡС߹Ѿ˵һ顣
濴µԱ߽۵ɫøβˮָҲ˲ôæҹ󣬰ķβͳҷɣɡ˿ʪһ㣬Եɫǳε
䭲ˮȥ̨һȲһڣݸ濡濽ӹˡ
⿴Ķصĵһۡǰͺýðżһ˻ˣȻơᶾȴֱܷˮе趼Ҫȳﶼˣɫѡ
֪룿
ʲô˼ֻڴ֮ͥ¼ӽǡʾȨˡ֪ô룬ȴöһ۵ںǴɫѡ
Ȼǲϣ޹Ͳд֡ԩ
ޣϹʮĽ顣


61 
С߳ʱ, ڳ˵Ŀⶼۼϡ
ڳҪôʦһ֣ҪôǶۺʡ곤ߡΪһĺӣĳ, ģۿɼɫ԰ףۿ죬СȭͷĿᶨ̻, ҧ´߹, վڰͶǰҵһһ
Ͷһֻʧ̵ĸʨ, ŭһС, ôһ֪֪, Щ궪ĺһûһ
ִߵĺһأûмص綪ʧĺӾ͸ˣûһġ
С߱òǿû˺󣬵˵ö, ҿǲ, ԭСӲᶪζһСӾȻ
Ͷ￴Сһѱ֪ߵغС, ˵ŲʵʵĻ, Ųֵܶĳŵ, ֻͷ, ȭͷҪ
ǰź֮ǰ, һӰ죬һ˺ǰ
䭱Ц°ͳǱźӣӼҴǱ߶أҪҪǱ߶ȥ
Ҳף˺ӵĸףѪǸ±˵ĺˣһֱԼǸ˽ĻˣֻԼҵĺӡСûĽ¡ģȻҲʶ䭣⺢ӣǽԾȻС
䭴ӲͺദΪСèСദ˶и飬οأ
иζǣҡ
ƯɼҪǣҡ˵һܶݣ濾͹ˡ
ǷǶࡣݽöţʮҲնϵһͶ濣˽Ƿǡ
ϴֶǼٵģ˭ΪһʽķĶԹ⽭ķţֻ·
һǿޱȣý˲ǣ
Ǽ
ѡ˺ߡ
߾ˣҲˣӽ߱ѣûסǰ
ޱһһʮָ
Ѹɨһ濣浾ŵţֺӦȫû䭵쳣ΪҲԣʦ۾װϹӵʱҲܻôϸ΢
뵽ķһ룬޵ءɸֵصһ۽䭣ݣΪ˽Լ濵ĿΪȥ濲ϵף
˴ʮ߶ûй¶Լĳ࣬ɱǰɵ©˵ף
ýûһܿ䭻ṦҲΪ˴̫꣬Ϥһ֣Ų
Ǳ߰Ͷ˳۶ʱŮ˵ǰʱŭתĿ꣬
ˣȿͼľհһקסֹĻеĵͼݵǰ˶Ҫϰ壬ϰﲻ֮١
ԭŭİͶһͼһ˲סˡ
ʱĵͼǾõͼǺԭʼģͷ·Сɽˮֲܶ
һͼȻûëʵĺۼ̵ϸ־ȡͼϲ˷ԲķţԵ־ɣǵһοͼȴһ۾ףЩŴǷݡֵ
оûһģȴѾС˷ֽϡ
ǡ
޵⿴һ¶ɫĽ䭣ջĿǵĵͼ
ָͼһɰ־һСĵطǶӡµĵطԱдʱ
ָһָʾߣдС֣ǻذ̺Ŷ·ߺʱ䡣
ָһߣСߵȥѰӡߵ·ߡ޵һ䣬СϮ
СߣѾ˵
˵濡ʱҲȥ˽ӽں鷨żҲͱä壬úԹۡԺǻƺΪ
Сվڵͼǰһȡһ;ʮֿɿ濣һ˿ޡ㲻ҲỤĽ䭡˲˵ȺһվǺȺ
С˲е֧֣ǿİȫС
˵СǴˣҲĪȾͶҲôšǣƽ
ΪһҪҵӵĸףڴ˽ҪͷҲ֪Ƣ⡣ֻ̫̫£뵽ӿڲ֪ĵط֪ζԴԿԼǡ
ڿ濰־ּó˴δ꾡ͼڸеѰɵĵЪ˹
Сҧҧûᣬӣָŵͼһν龭

ӣ滨ַ˺ܶ¶
̩̺ŵܺŴ̼濰Ǩͼ·⡣
ŮһҪȢϱ
һΪ¥ķ꿪ˣ۳˵кܶ²ɫ
ϰδÿ춼ҪšѲ֡ͽַھӽ飬˳ͱ˼ҵӳܡ
ֻĪѴ˸ݣҲû˸滨ձѡ
Ϊκβ濣լſ¶̺ʰˣ̩̺ŵ⵷ңճ־ͱδʰˣԼҵļ̣ѲؽӴҲº֡
ҵ໥жΣԼ
һ׮׮һĶһýַھǿ㿴֡
ðһ˵Ĵ¡̲ɻɣ|ٴ
ǰɣرץסʱ˾һء̣ݸİһ
ʵಢɣжɶ
ö˱ܴ裿öٸͥʧȥıҾأֶ޶
ЩʹŮӺѸͬܡ
˴û|٣պƺƵǰݹ̣ȹ껹֡ûʹӴǰһȡ
СߺСȻȥݡʱѾ
˵һɣؾʱĴĥǾ֣ĳλĶιһŵҩŪ֮ǰ̷Ϊ죬̷ͽˡ
СߺСӶڳ˴ӷݻĿֵˡ
ѰգÿնΪЪǿô๦򵽴֣
ݾ뷱ݲӱҲҪգһȥݿ֣Ǯǰȥݵţ˲ࡣհܴӷݿصˣǮĹӸ磬ֺе
⿴֣صݻôһɣγ࣬ʱɽ˺Ǻεʢ̷ǶôĿ£Ѫ˶˶Զһ׮׮ļţŪżʶĳ룬˵˻ܻӭ
Щ֮ȺܶСҲˡ
С߶̷˽ࡣ
Ȳȳģ¥бˣҽβ˲м
̷ۼ곤ʽ̷̷˽ԶѰաһǰجΣμЩӣξɪɪ
ڣѾôˡ
ҵľڴ¥ĺǵĿвǼɻ䡣
Ƶľ˽̸кܻ䣬ӵӰ¿𣬰جεðգѪܵĸ˺ѿɹ£·Ǳǿıؾ֮·
ʦĽ£ҲǵĹһǶʮĥǵķƹʦҲô
ǰǲסĥѣƷµĽ¥ǣʵһ㶼ǱѰ˶ˣЩѰգ۸ʱ޷֮
ԼǿԶǻ¡
ѧõҲô˵ϵǾ仰ô˵ţ
ҪǳΪһǿ˹ˣ콫ҲҪԿĶҩģȿ־ǹǣǣӣƤͿƣշ̷Ҫһ˶ģԣܵõ洦ܣзΪԶԣܣ
£ѹܵ١ͳķء


62 
ȻǶҪЩ, Сʱ򱻻ĥġһ㶼¡
ˣ½¥ٳ֣Ҳˡ
ŵԼجε|̵֮ŽС
һεʱ, ڳĿӵ濺һĽ䭣̩̺˶سĬˣ̲סǴ۹⿴ޡ
Ҳһ±ƣȻͷɮֻɮһжͬصͷ
ޣ
ظоһǧصĺڹԼһӢձҪڴˡ
Сȴ֪Ǹӵ, ʱΡ
СѰ֮, ƤᣬͨͨĻ³ûۼ, Ҳ󲻳, Ȼȴֺ, һ˽|١̱֮Ҫȥ
СߵʲôÿģҸ˵ѽ
СǺ«˵һ㶼ãҾ˵úá
С߲˵ɡ
Сӷ㼵˼ңɡ
ţȺȻһȲʣãɱúã
С̱ע⣬Ҳˣһ˻ɫ, Ծظڳ˾̾
һ, ԱߵС, СֲˡԼµʱ, ûôġ𾪡
˵̫ˡС˵, ֲǶѪ, ôôԶֻƤѡ
СӵɶѪ˵㲻Ҫ˼ҡ
С߱ȻԼĲӲ棬ѪǲӲѪ, һѪܣͷʱѪϸߡʦ˵ǵĽϴµؼдġòԡ
СӵļٵģС
˵ģ
ڲ˵ĽҲ㲻Ҳû𣿡
Сߣ
˵úе޷
Ħ࣬ССܿ·ˡСһʼǵûԼʣµļǮú«֮󣬱ܿԡ
ȵС߰Ⱥһؿڣŷ֣ҵӡ²ˣ
Сߵʲôӡ£
Сӵүүҵӡ£
Сͷһүүӡ£С߿һ鷢ʯͷԲΣֻСĴָϸָڴСǱѪɵһڣӨ͸Ѫ
ʯͷװһСɰ˷ǳʵţƤγž͹ڲϡ
ʵʯͷүүúҪԴţƽʱװһʯүүĴ¡үү˵̵ָ˴ΪжûУʧͣҲԸߣ֪
Ҳʱ͸үүƽʱҲʱʱ˵׼һͼݺ飬µʱߵüұӴʧǰ
Сӵʱļأ̵סһöĵأ
Сĳκ͸糳֮ʧԣø֪¡粢ţЦ
СүүڷʱĴүүµĻأһöѪɫСʯӡóڸǰҫ
һĺӣ̲סҪ͸硢ѷġ
ͽӽҲǸֵģNɪŻ˵˰ӡ²
Скһ˵С͵档ǡСȥӡ·Żػظӵİֵĸƽ˰Ļӡ£ðհӡ·ԼƽʱͭǮСɰڲϳţ˳ͺС߷
˭֪һóȥͱ͵أ
СӼĲС
ӡүүصطԸԴӰóҲñ֪׺͸ҲԡĿУСߵȻǱˣҲΥүүķԸŪӡ¡Ǻã
СȻСҲϸȳˣ˵鵤ҩţҲ޸Ľ⡣ʵڲܽҲҩʿ
΢ԡļʶִڼӵĴһһ͵Ϯ޵ĽͣСûһηһǻѪ֮£һոǿĳҲƴڼۼѶҪƷһӦϴô˰æһǰźĸѶһ
Ȼؼңȥӡһ
Сӿȥң
СߵҼǵøղվߵ˵ģڻ˺ܿɡ
С˵ĿɣɲͨӿäĿжϣСӴߺڰ֮Уֱ
ֱȻ˵Եɣ׼ȷȻҲв׼ʱ򡪡ڽ״Խǰֱƶϡ
˼ȫһˣΪβ²ˣΪʱﻹһ᳤ִˣ뿪ѧ᲻ãӱĹﵥˣ˴жϣΪһδµʶӵܣִŵĸ֮Ů
򶼴ˣȻҲˡ
ٰ˵ķΧؿѾϷ֣ԼĲͬ
С߹۲ΧϰԣΧ˺ڶʱʮļ䣬Ƭֱ̣жϣֱӾˡ
Сʣˣ
Сһ˵˸ƫһɹڣԲϣӦͲʮҡǴɫĹӡ
Сʣ¶͸첲𣿡
СָԼλõ¶ˡ
СӵӦġ˵ˣӽϣǱɽʪȣҲߣ첲ȶͼ¶档
ڳѰǴҲ¶ֱֻۣɿһ㡣
Сߵͷʾס
Сֵ˵ɽܶԻṦģ㲻Ҫȥ
Сߵû£ҲṦ򡣡
Сһ۾ؿԾԾԵһȥɣҲṦ򡣲᲻ø߱䡣
Сߵ书УҺ˵ġ
Сô֪书УֻСһꡣ
СߵҵȻ֪Ҵǰѧɱ˼ѧĿ϶ǿѧЩݽͽҼè򣬲ʲôá
СӲҵ书ǵ̵ģҲɱ˵ģ㲻ܶһȥ
СƵ⻨ȭȣֻõǶȥǶ̫Ѩ߹ģҵƤ͵ĶϹ˵Ǻ֡һȥϸһʰǡ
СЩԥһô죿
СȴΪ䵣ĶԷˣ絣СϺȡ
СƲֵظС߻˼ҡ
СȻһҲûǹ򲻹˼ҵ
ڰ̵ĺԺŷֱʱСӲҪżĸһ취Ѷһ
С߿Сӻ˼ңתͷȥ˽ӡ˽˻ڷ֣ҽȥˡλɽȻܺãһͰ˸ףԼÿ¸ǺΧһεĻᣬӮ˾ܷһ¼٣˾Ҫһƴӡ˴򲻹ֻ踺ѧö顣
Сʱȥɽ֣ʮа˾Żᱻһ𳭴֡ǿɱϰʹö࣡
飬ͲܰСһӡѽ
룬ǾԼһȥˡȲ֣ҵɵˡ
СҲˣͷβˣһȺһһֵİҲ㱻㻨ǮһȺ˰Ŵ֮˫ͳ˺ѡСǣ˵Ĵģ˵
ȺӳʻɲҰӡҰӣҪĻƾǰȡЩרŶڳŸֽǵףͻر⣬ǿر㼷ȥ·ˣֻǴ¶ɴ׬Ǯ
Ⱥ˶˱ȳ˸⡣˵ģ׵úܡüˣüαǿһӽҵһԺԸ´ȥ
СȥȻ֮⡣
ûҪҵˡ
С߲ţҪǽȥˡǽ㱻˸סˣڲ񷿡


63 
СҪ, װϡһˡЩһҵĹӣϵ˭Һ̩̺ŵ·˽֪, ҵĹȾȥ滨£Ҳϵϵס¥ȺӼģѲ
ֻûϵСӲͲǣ־ȻҲ, Сͷҵˡ
СһȺѵڻ, Ⱥȥܿ첻Ӱص滨ֵʱȴǼڽֿתá˺һ뿪, Сֻ֮תһȦ, ̫ɽ, ŴӸڽַǽԼҺš
ʱС߲֪СӲˡ

С߽üȼܿ˵ˡ
֮󣬰ͶҲԼؽ˺¡
СӻʱСͷζҪȥ͵⡣СͷСҪҪԣС˵, ³š
СͷʣҪȥĶ
С˵ȥСߡ
Сͷ˵кóԵҲȥ
С˵ŲǺóԵġҵıС߿
СͷʱʧȥȤŶ, Ҳȥˡ
Щ, ޷ǾСѾͷͷ, һҲȤȤֻʳ, Լôʤڵţ
滨ֺܳ, ڽУ¥ڽβ, ߹ȥһβԶľ룬ܶϤĽַھӣƽҲ˸ۣͯڽֵްȫСӶˣֱˣ˿ܣѾǳ£ƽʱҪȥСˣҲԼȥˣСͷҲûвʲôԣҲûи֪ĸ
һֱѲڣͶ򸾲ŷСδȥ¥ˣȴǾ¥ҲûСӵӰʱС߲ŷǽӾ¥Ժ˼ҡĴҡ
Сͷ˵꣬ĨĨᣬңҲ̰⣬һȥͺˡ
ľհǳжң޸ƨһҪǸȥˣҲúСһˣ
ڳ˶Ͻˣ˾²⡣˶ûпڡ
ľˣΪ׵̩̺ΪԷΪ׵Ĵ¥Լλаɴʦ
̩̺Ų˵ˣƴӡ޺濵ʵݣȻλײģ£ȴǷԸ濣Ϊֻڳ͢ͽӴ֮£ܰһ
ڽԣʶƴӡ
ԣڳ뿴濡
Ӹλ꣬ĲС档ֻݲȵСкСͷСǺʱ
Сͷᣬ룬ǵãԼʱֻʱŻп⡣
濵ͷ˵Ӱȥ¥ͯĽԼһյ衣أй
ȥ
ӦþƬ̼͸طء
濵滨ϵĽַھӿϤ
ֺʹ˿ϱ࣬Ҳ˿˾һ˿׽С濵ʻæͽֵеǩԼһȥϤַھҲһһݷã㲻ȣҲй
濵СӴԼڽʱʧ٣˰ҰȥѯʣǶʱû˼СӣǷ˼Ļɡİ峵İȿԲ˵Ŀȷʵ̩̺ųлʮֱӰæҵСӣл
ಢһˣǴһȺ̻ơЩ˸죬Ʊ磬ͽַھӶǱͬʱЧʼߡ
ʵ˵λʵۣλΪԡóзïнʱ̣ʵֻҪҹвɷ
ٶȿ죬Ƭ֮Ҳ޷תǱξȥұץ˵Ȼˡ
Ź¡Ŷңѹʮˮܵʪ͸Ĵ󺺡
ģ˰󣡡
ŵ߹ǣץүүҹСţ٣үүһŰ߽ӣ
һ̳þƣĻ
ʮĺӺѱ±סֽţȻ֣ðصĴתۼ÷ӡ
ʮϰˣȴûʮ£ۼöᣬǸ԰Ҷˡ
صǰҷ
һֱȺļ̩̺ŵĻǰгδʣֻýʵĩѨ͹ؽڴô򼸴ΣҲûôһҽС
ֵסǵ졣
л˺ǵ½ǣǵˡ
徲ˡ
ѽڵôƢǾúܣһȺţ
ǰӵ֪λξҪЦСڣæȺϱ߶ɽԴԺҩΪͽҩ̵Ķס
ѽüͷϽ𣿼ȻĿ຺ӣΪζǼҵС֣߳С߹ڲ񷿣СԼ飡
ѾȺȻղߣߵȴ·ӣмؿˣ߲ųޣͬ๷ɨӸһݣմͽ
Цһѽڰɴˡÿҩ˶ʵ֣ҲÿɽӼѡЩ˻Ǻ֣ɱøȴɽеͬǵĲҩҲҪԼදȥڣֻūɽеͬɡ
ѽֻȱԹӻǴģһ¾׹ŶǾ֮ǰ˵ġԡͬоֻ֮
䭵ǡ
ˣ֮ǰǱߣ䭾ʰ١ɺΧɽɽУ鴾ӣɽвʱ򣬳ּɽӺ
ǱҲϽܱ֮ˣ˵Ǻ˻ϽˣֻǻѪ
ѪҲôҪ
ɽԳǱ̹ѹեĻƣѳеݳɸ߸ϡɽĽթˡʵԼ˼թϲʵɽǵĻ۸ѹ÷ǳͣԴĲȡۣɽηɽ⺺ˡ
һ棬ǶԳԳĺˣŵӣܰչɽںǰڮϽˣϽ˵ħһ㣬˲Լɽջֻû
ˣǾͳ¢ϵɽ֮ˡ
Ҳż˽ɵҲкˡЩָֻɱɱȾƳ⡢ơЩ¾Ĺ
ֱȥɣŰЩĵĹ
Խ䭶Щͬ壬Լͽҩ̹ġɽûһͬ顣ѽڴŻǵʰЩͽŴӹ̨Ĺӹ
ЩҰǼҺӣô˳֣ɼ죬ƽҲ֪˶ŭԹĻ£ôʰΪ
Щ˺̫Ѩ߸߹𣬳üʵ׳֮߸ϣƺʮ㡣ƽ̫ɽҲˣ˵ʱ󣬷·ǽϱߵɽһ㣬ſүүտǹһﶼšȫҡ
ЩԴ󣬰Ӳмڵͷǲ֪ＯаĶ֣ԼһȺɱֻ֣ΪǽҶͷ̺ŰˣȭţҪôʸڷϣҪô˵˵
ʲôӡ¡ӡ£û
СѾͷƬӣԺԼ£
ҲŶˣȱ⣬˳ˡ˻˭ĸҶүү
ãˡ
ѽһ̧°͡ٴ
ǰ˸ǰ˳ģʲôˣԶ֣⻹ǵһιԹԹۣûԶ֡
һ߳Թӣһ߰ѲӶȥҺûҪѾûˡ
ܿ죬һ˱ѽѡ˳еĨʻ
ȴ֣ɾ
䭵ôƣˣԼѪڣҲʵ
ͽڵϴʱ򣬳˲עͳС߹ȥҪЮСʣԱһ֣ŲӾ͸˻ȥһٱ
䭹Ƶúã
Щ˶ǾѽڵרҵѵĶѨ֮һᣬ˳ֽŵĹؽڡ
䭻ڽţȺҧУϻ̷úñ𡪡ǿǼǵץ֮ʱȭأ
˰Σ˿סˡ


64 
ȺڼӲķͽ֮, һڳܲס󺰣ˡˣˡ
һ˿˿, ҲȿֺΪ֮˵Ŀš
Աߵ۵ͦʧġûṫ˽ˡ
ѽȻûж֣Ա߹۲áôڳ񵱳ºڷ߿̺ǰʲôֶãֻ취ЩӲΪ۸ڶ, ʵɫ, һپͣˡ
ѽûȿڵǰ
ʣСﱻǹںδ
˱ӱˣͱѪһ, ΪǱ, ûмСӡӴ, ˵ֵ͵СʯǿɴͷβûѾͷ̸ιѺ
濵Сߣ͵ӡµ˭, ץ˭
С翴, ָ̧˳, ͵ӡµ, ץҵҲ, ҹز񷿰ֵĻһ
С߻δ, ѽڱеӻȥָӻǽ֮ϳ, 濡ǰá
濵ɼǵñ͵߱ʯСǲץ
˶ãȻҡͷ
濶ߵҡͷҿ˵ѣô̲Сӣ˭ǲ۸ӣ
˵ȴ̧ߣպΧ
ŵæͷġ˫ֱ֮Ĳȣͷؿڵϣ˵졣
ָ͵ӡµ˻æǸСѾͷƬӣֵ˶Ǯϣ̻Ǳǡûм
ҲȳȵСƤҪξ˳ְ˲񷿡
ǰץСߵĹز񷿵Ĵ󺺲˹صǱƣԴڳ͵ľǲغˣӣ
ֵǸʯǮ㲻Ҳзݶ𣿳ǮҸҲ˭Ӷ󲻺ãһСѾͷƬˣ㲻ãŻᱻŶ
ҹӣʱô˵ģѾͷƬˣСҳ鷳ǻסô˵ģһСкοɾ壿̫үҲ£̫үͽҴү֮
ޣӺʱ˵˵ߵɣǼֻɲӣ˵ߵ㣬˵ߡȥ̵ʯĻ㣡û˵ҷԴզأĶ۸
òͷѽڰЩʱأǷϻ
Ҫǰ̫³ֻͿĵܣǵԶ̲ɡ
ѽüǰžž£ܵһһӣʻֻܺúô𻰡Ǿֻص³
ѽһ£̩̺⼸һơ
ȺǺߣѾˣǳ׶ˣٷϻһһ䡣ʼնϼСӡǰӡµ佻ˡ
ƹּף˸߼ۡ
濵أȥӡ£ӡ»ڲڣҵӡµˡ
̴ȥѰ۸һ䵱ˡ
˼ɨһɫ΢İͶĪӡ⣿
ͶѾͷ洫֮ʲô⣿
濴ް飬ƸղŻŵɫǴ
䭲еļ񣬽εΡûͷƵĿϣ濵ָ滢ڡָǴı룬ЦأָͶַھӶڰæСߣҪϸˣ©ʲôؼ
䭵̬ɣ˺꾫˭óб⡣
ͶҧҧԼռˣײҵлѣһϸЩ
ڿջȴ½ȥĻƹػ˵ûмС
ľհվ£ž¥ڵĻˮ紵ʪ
̶ʪˣҶҲˣ֣ʪ̶ҶѾϨˣֻʣºں̻ҡڷͽйʱҲֻţûнŹۿƽḡģྶͥ
СͷǽǣССҲ˵ʲô
ͶｹǵڴתȦôû˼أ϶ˣСӹԵúܣŶһ·ܣҲѣ˵¥Ͳȥ𴦡
һ֣һؿڵ죬Ӷպˡ
濵˶ûǰͽ㣬ԤıͶǷ򸾿˽𣿡
ͶһڳʵôˣĶĳˣҪ˵ҲֻСͶ￴һ۽䭡
˼Զ
䭣
䭸ЦˣÿγܶӮҪҲҰ
ͶҲӦҲҲû˵㡣޷ǾЩڽǣʲô𣿡
ûлɶǾֻһһȥųˡ
ֵǵײ٣ܲ˵Ҳࡣ滨೵¿ĶǱˣѾȥѯʡ׵ļɻڳУǵѾ鵽ǵŴҲ׷ȥˡ
ҲߵδǱѷšס˼ֿڣ춯֪ͨ
ʵ֤Ч͵ġֱذѵ̵ƹ񱻼ϹǱҲٳûнչ
صϣﲻʵè壬ѯʡ
ƹĻʪˣŻ׵ɽ룬ݵɷŵΣ״εغţʲôϷҡּҵƹǲ˽̡ϷҪ٣ϷҪȥøǣ
ڳûһǴ˿̹ڵϵȺͽŶ壬λξﻹڳˣû
˼黫ȴǸûĵСͷʰŻһپˡ
öӡ£ӵǺɫʯͷҲ֪Ưʯͷ϶ֵܹǮ󲻵жôֵǮڼҵλƹȻܸۣһ˫ӿǶúܣһ۾Ϳӡһ̶ɡ
ڣ֬ɫǳΪ죬񴿾ɰɫϺ죬ѪҺС
ƹĻϸϸһʯ滹аϸ˵һ񣬻м̹ʮ֮ð
һѵõıﰡ䵱ļƤͲ֪öʯֵ治ɫװԸ˼ӣڶ̶̲һյĹʽףѪӡ¡
濵ӡںδ
ƹֵǣ಻Ҷ֪ͨٶҡٶ˶̻ظˣӡָıա
ڳ˶Ͷ
һССȻżֵǵıô˼롣
Ͷǿ򶨣ĬŲ˵
ʣɼǵӡʲô֣
ͶʧɫȻƹ
˭֪ƹĻˡ
ƹ˵ǵá
˵ȥͶѾŻŵֹҪ˵
ƹĿһֿۣһ濡濶ڵϣѴ©ĳľ˰εĸĪλŮּүơûпڴҲûбָʾǳĬţ̲ס֪Ķ˳
ӡС׭š¡֡
۾һС
£
ֺϤ
µģǵùߵ
ͽ¥ŷŹ췴䭸淢ʵץ䱱·ϡ


65 
¶, Ԣ⼫á
ǵùүŷŵżѧĽϣһһŪżϵѶϢ, Ҳ¶ֵĺ壺
¿Ի£Ի£Ի£߿Ի£ĽԶҫԻ¡
µĸ̫Ļʵ, ܳ谮, ̫ڻʵȡ¡Ȼʼݱʱ̫С, Եλ, һֱǷ߲, Ȼ֮ʱƹ
ĸԹ󣬵Ϊ˵͵ƽʱ棬һλԲѧͷûбȨʵ۴ûлɹв֮ġǸΪ˵õλɢĻ֧, ƽ£мӡ
һڳдĻѵ, ύ, һߺϷĽ¥ǱΪ, ѵʿ֮, ϱһƥ, ħ̵ĹϵҲʮУؽ֡ȥ, ȵʵĺ꣬׳꣬˵лŸȥʳǱƹλ
Ȼˣڽ䭿ܳɹ
Ҳи֣λмȪĴ󳤹వ̫ңûз
䲻غ˻ʵ̫ۡӣɵʵϥ»ӡôҲֲǻѽûµľӣҲûΪҡźĳʲôȻλǼ̰٣Ⱥֻ֪ɱɱĽʿֻϷȦһɱ˷Żܣ
´ˣǷ𡢼鳼ǰݵµλ
ȻˣЩ趼û塣Ϊûеȵᣬͱ䭵ɧֱӴˡ
ǻһˣЩ֤ݣǲ뷽跨ȥǸ״ȻֵõȻʵ˲飬һҪӦİɱһҪԲã취Ǳߵļ֤ʡ붼ۺðɣ
˵췴θɣ
Ŀý¥û׷ɱŷŲҪĵˣҪģõʱͲҪǿ䭿ûйǰظûжԻʵҳϵͷֻܻˮ㣬᲻ṷǽִپ£ͳܾ͢ˡʲô°
췴£ֻҪʵžˣ֤֮ǴҪġ䡢°գ֪Ҫ췴ὣ¥ױţ̰棩˾ǵĽͷβÿְλĿ൱ڴԽǰֱֳ
͢иϵÿ쳳췭ظϺǣһָˡ
ǻʵʡĵһų켺Ҫֻͷͳȥһ۵ġĻֵܡ
ҵذᵹһеѣȷṦΰȻǵλ¡
֪¡ȻҲ뵽ˡ
濵¡֣Щ졣ھƺ˵
ͶĻԱζɫףˣʶ֣֪ǸʲôҼҰһֵǮˡ
濵ȻֵǮΪţǮã˵ǵүүÿնҪҩ
ͶǻǮӦá
濲ͷ⣬ľô˵
ľհŻҲ̴򣬱߽װ滨˾ռߣǴײյװʱɫ೤һ±òͬ
ؽ䭶ˡҲ򸾶˻䣬Ϊ֮Եʣһֱδϡ
ƣܽģ¶·ȹ̣Ͷ֮ϸڴʱ͵ϮȻѳɹĻǵǶվ׮ˮĥеʵŴɳ
򸾶ƽﲢû˵ĺۼȫȫѰյɣϽƭȥˣزоѲֹһˡ
ֻľհСʦã۲ؽƱˡ
Ͷ˵ʲô
ľհϵǾĴ̼֣»Ҳһһĸ֣ȥµ񣬻ʲôҵӸҪ
԰Ͷ˵꣬ת濵ܷһ˵
濵ͷɡ
ʱûͷ䭣
䭱ԥӣǸŽȥңһ̧ۿվ֮ң֣ͷ·ӰȻ
õЦˡ
Լַģˡ
ѽȻǾ濺ͽߣľհͶȥԱ̸߰

ԽԽ
ܺڡҹ
ϳʮĵطһС֧꣬һéӣžľéݺҲ֧һιªǡʱΧسǵЪЪţһˮ
żҲгеĽڳͱ˳Ե㶫˴
ʼ꣬ҹĻĽ٣ԽԽ
ҹ꣬¹ⱻסɽҰֻˮк
ɫĵɢ΢Ĺâʹ±̶ҲﶥڷҡΡ
ԶԶȥ·ڰ֮еһµɽҰҹĻ΢⡢׵ôֲеĳ
Ҷ˶ࡣ
ªֻӣȴʮˣŴСһ𳳳£ֵúܡ̸۽յģ̸۽հɣص¶Ҳ̸ϱ߶ϡŹֵ¶
Щ˴׳꣬˵ܴ󣬸ŨŨ̻
̩̺ŵĻǾʱ
̩̺ŵĻֿжһһ顣ǴĮغɵϰߡˣˡܣɳСķ͡صԭϰҲ
˳ʱѾˣ¡Ŷң彣ܿ˲

ƥɫһ̧׳ǰȣڿе˼¡˫£ˮɽ
˷׷̧ͷ
УˮӶҡϹ䣬һԲӥȺһһɨ
ڲԵһϺ㽦ˮŪ˿ȣԶҿһֻίջ˽ţͷȲ衣
ڳƺ˵סˣֱӣͷעӡ
ﰲֻ
Ϊ׵һҲ߽֮ƥһΨβɨɨȥ
̤һ̡ԣǴǳ֡ʱʼ˵עˡ
˲ҲͷǰЦʣ͹٣Ƕ໹ǺȲ裿ѾûλˣҪλԵȣȥݺ󡭡
ˡ
Ϊ׵Ļժ¶ңȥ£ֵݵֵĬؽӹԼͷһŲľ¡
ѵ֮¶ɫ·ؿڡȡֱ۵ȴӼסһװ磬ڳ˸ǰ缦š
ˡ
öͭǮݸңңš
ؽӹУЩ֪롣
һͭǮ˵Ҳжʮö
£ǳ̩̻»ʱ̻ḽһӣԼ꣬ģػؿɰɫؿӡһƴǳɫĵ
ܸ֪ɵϢǮһغӣ̻ỹ
Ҳ˵εξǼ𡣡
ڴӭҲǸɫ֮ˡʲôεξǼ𡱣˵̩̺űξô
æҲҡкηԸС֪޲ԡ
ֻǡ˵ʱ֮󣬾ͽһ죬СҲû˵ĺͯ


66 
һûУ
ЩΪ, رǿüëһ̣üһ¡ĺӵУ, ϲ֪˶ٸﴩд塭Ѱ˼ҵĺӣǼСĶȻǡ
룬дźӡμ֮ˡ
æشӦ
˵껰Ϊ׵Ļ, Ž, м߹ȥ
˲룬˵ơ
ɫ¹ѥʪϣûз
ǡ
ʵڵһӵ档
һ˵Ĵ翴Ϊ, ߽, ŵɪɪſȱˮʪϺ, ԭͷߵһֻŵ̧ͷ
Ϊ׵ĻޱضϺʵǺˣΪڴˣ
Ϻ߶µС϶ǣǣսˮġ

æǰͷ°Ӵ峤, ڽǳƬսˮ
ˮǷˮÿжй̶ÿŰҰ߹Ͱей, Ұ⾭ӹ֮, Ϊķ, ũȻ㲻ϱ, Ҳһſɹ۵ȶ롣ֳ, ûйӲĹϵء
ķ೵أ
Ǻ档Ϻǲţֵ, ೵ζţҷڵ˲ˮ⡣
ƹ
ϺĴ꣬ЩԸվ춪ͭϣġ
Ϻʱ˸߲Ҫ˭ԱߵĵһˣϺŭǰֱ׳ͷ㻹ǷĸǮ
Ϻ޷һǲֹԹֻۣȥԼķ೵
ֿԱߡ
ϺбԽŵӴƣӡϷԲԲװһЩʣµġƷĺǶǰֻһ裬иһѿ˴롣
ѯʣѾԾԱţֵǰ׺״ģ⡢ʣµģλˣҪҪһġ
˵棬ЩֺõصϺɫΪԾޱ飬ɵԽԽСʿˮ֪롣
¨ҿ
æƿ¶ĸյ
ڿһˡ˴ųȻӲûɫ߷¨Ųƿ¨еĶһĿȻ
һһѯˣ鿴ǵ
һ
ˣһխ¡ϰű±ţ⡢±ͷ̡
ʣλǽأǳǣ
ϵһºӵǡ·꣬ڴЪЪš
ʣȥĶأô˻ǣ
˴𣺡סأԶҪüҹܵ
ɨһߵı¨򿪿
˳ĬˣȻǳĬľܾ
ǿǵòƣֻ˽
˲佣š
ʱԱߵĸӺͬ齻һ񣬺ȻЦԲǺǣСС£ŭλװҪҵĺӣҲãᡣ
ȥƿԼǸ¨ڸǣӲˣȻż˭ҺӲأ
¨ڸǵĺڲƿ¶Ķ
һЩѵľССһһЩĺС۳̵̣ľֻаƴС
ǰһӣ򿪣¶һ֧װݵ˲Ρ̧ͷһۻˣ˳ִӵͳһУ򿪣һֻڡ
Ѹٿ˼ЩҩĶƷ༫ãֵơװҩĺӽ䴦ССġ֡
ǽҵĸߵҩġ
ǽҵˣ
ӵԣǽҹ͵ĳҩġ
״Ϸ˼ֻɡ
Һ̩̺м϶˻˶̩Ļе
࣬ͷ򿪿
ԷЦǺǵ˵˵
ʱ⻤ĵֺȻߵĸ磬ȥƳϺˡ
ĻһͷʵңղϺƳĶˣ֪𣿡
ָط򣬵ǰǶ
˳ŵָȥķ򣬺ѹѹģʲôûСѾһˣһ㶯
ĸȥ
ƹҵҩ̣Ƴȥ
ǴӵڳߣԱߵʱ˶Ҷǣ˵Ҳϡ
ˡ
˵Ķһ΢־д͸ȶ
ЩһΪӵöʹ
ǻӦ˼ʲôλε⡣
̧ͷȥ̩̻Ѿĸȥ⣬ǳĹâȲߣڵҹ쳣ۡ
ԭǽʱΪеĲرãγӯһ˲䣬֮
ѽĬΧ빥ݸߵĻӡ
ĸӣûһ˷Ӧ
ǵԭڡ顱ˣǵͰĺūתߡ˭¶һ˭֪ǾȻһлǹ
ʱѡ̫ˡ̤Ļһ˲䡣ĸ˸ոշһ³ȥһûȫշɢ
̩̺ŵĻûκιͨСûȴ׼ͬһ˲νת
ĽдĻЩˮˮŽĹݵĻˣͬʱзĹâ׼۾˶ʱʧȥľء
ˮ簵һѸˣȻ䱻ϸС֮﹥׷ֱߵ̵סɨ
Ȼ⡰һ£ûбɨĴɽߵͬ顣һ˲䣬˷Сˮ鶵ͷһ
رݸӣڷӦϮͬʱ۾ͱһ£һ˲ֱˮۡ޷ֻƾֱ֮ǰһ˲Ľй켣ܡ
ģ˶ʧȥӾ
Ĭĸлֻֿƾ֮ǰһ˲ӰƾֱܡëէƷ֮˲ˮˮֻǰһ˳ϴֱֱײӶͬ飬㿪ѳļл
һӵķˡˮ꣬Ҫǣͬ鱻һ˸š
ѳδþȫľҲ˵ֺڳľһ˲䣬ѽĽ׷ݸӶȥһ㣬ת˸Ļ˴ȥ
˱۾ƿձƽ·ĦǰϿֻüͻͻʹǱ޶һ㡣һͷأײһӡһ˳Ƶ£ŵصͬʱӵͷ
͡
де
ڵһ׷Ǹݸӣһ磬պÿڼιǵķ϶һͷ֡

ұ߻ƵĻӣֻͷꡱһһᣬеѱһնΪء
ʧɫæȳͬʱպûָÿһոλôȥ
ﴦڻĽҰ⣬Ǳʵ˵ʯ̵ǰӲûʲô΢Ҳˡ
磬Ĵڲ࣬Ŀȶ˵ϡŵòᣬ˫һֱһţƴ෭˳ȥȡԱ¨߲ص彣
׷ĽȻŹ

ֻʹȴһڵĽȻ󡣽ϥҲһţʹڵأ
𶯡ҼһĲྱ
ͲҶˡ


67 
֮, ݸߵĻ˱ұۣͬʱѶͬҵκˡҲˣһµҲûӹ, һֻ䣬һѣѪ˳
ʹթ͵ϮʲôӢۺú浶ǹ򣡡ͬ˸ûˣҲܲҪһһԾ
û, ֱߵһ¨ǰ, ҿϵķˮֽ¶ĺڲҿڲһɫ԰סһС˶ڱ¨С
, ˶ˡԭ̺Żľ±˶ĸ˵
ԭĻӰ
͵ӡǸ
֮ǰж˺ü, ϶ҲǸɵģ
ղλү˵ǽҵʹӣ
ҾȻȹ
濵Ļ, ඼Įغ̣Ƕ͵ߡ̣ٵΣգʱЦ̣һȴȺģ΢һ, ȥˡ
ƴɱ, гɵĬҪǰԼ, ֻҪһɫİʾ, ױ˴˵ͼ
СȻһС, Ժ΢, һ˸ԲǱ¨лиõ, л˸ӡ
λʲôˣһͲ쳣ֻ̫޷ȷǲǲźӡ߽֮ˡ˲غӵı¨ȴ¶Էǽúв˵ϣһϷ
սپȻغӡ
̽̽ӵĺͷѺӱӵȽŹ˺ӵƤŶͬģСӡû¶ҲûˣֻǱιȥˡ
еһ˵βĸ绤ͺȻء
˶˵̴¡
İѺӱؿڣһòŷֹˤ䣬رȥһԾ䡣
ǶˣԼƨĲóһϵһ
ݻӺȻλʿ
ޣһڿˮϣʵ
ǡλʿǲ£̧֡㿴һˣԸʮƽ
ƺˣô˿š
˵˵ӵһȺ޴İգڱǡ
ڳȫһԿ֣ĻʱĿɿڴüŵõ˺󼸲æץסԼıⵣҪðߡ
ȴЦһȻǶһƴϣݸðǡ
λֵܡ
˭ֵܣǽҵ߹һĶҲҳֵܣ
ԱǱĻԱͣҧгݵޣǲֻǡĻɫүүϴˮء
˳ԱߵĨס죬׺ݣģʹ졣
ȺУ濿һ硣˾ҳ״ǽˡµȹպӵ¶ˣ⼸Ҳ䲻˺³
ɨһȦλԸҰЩͽѺͻسǣ
˶ŵ÷׼·أ˭ҰѺͣ
ֵ˽ƻ˰һͣ˵һˡǣɾˡ
һ仰˵ζк壬˲֪ĸͽˣ᲻ɱеİأ
һɶˣеһˣղ˵Ҫڡ
Ϊ˻Ҳðﰡ
ʱ˳ꤵ
ȴǷųϺˡ
Ŷֵİ峵ϻ̶һĹͰͰɢˬڱ֮ҹҲԵúܡ
Ϻ߽ݴеҫ֮£˲ſһˮ
ҵͷôˣ
Ϻ̫ڣˤһӣɽȥˣһܣ￿ѾˣˮˮһأһʻΪء
̺Ż
ĸ˱ס죬һ
׶ץԼⵣҪ·һ㡣
Ŵ죬ã⣬ôˡ
ЦЦ¡峵һá
˵ЦеؿǸͽ
ĸ˿Ű峵ϵĹͰʱɥ

ء
ҹ꽥Сˡ
СС̸᷿֮ԵЩӵ
ѽվֱߣߣûͷһϣϰԵҵѷơ
ֵ۰ָͷ᲻صط磬һ˲佫Լš°͸Լϣ˵ʱԼϢơ
䭵濵ָ΢΢̧λãǿԵֵǰѷƣ֮£ʦ֣Ҳܵ
û࣬˫Ƚż΢΢𣬾ǰԲֻаߡֻҪһ˲ܹע߷ӣΪǰӡ滨롱ϮҲܻȫ
Ӷľͷ򸾶ˡ
Ȼʦ
ľհֵ˫ŸĿɡ
Ͷ˫żࡣ
濵ԭʮǰպ̡߳õࡣ
ľհ˫ûˣҲûи̡߳ˣֻľհͰͶޡ
濵ȴ֪Ϊ滨ֶӣΪλ˽£
ػǶء濲׷ʡ
ľհ򵥵ؽ˵һ顣
ǰ˫ڽҲЩһ˫ԴҲһֵСֻڽ֮Ħ˫Դǵһλɵӵϡʿ¶ݡƤ˫±ЦԸЭìֳ֮ŵˡ
˫ڶԷı֮£ߵߣɽŲҵ㸲ҲӴ˵ŮץߵŴ伣
˵ȥĮȴϷӡ
ľհһֵΪճŮ£˿ǰҷޣſͳȳҼ֮ΪһֱСʮǰҲ֪淢ҷ䡣
ҺͶҲÿУǧͣûлˡûǳ֣㱻ˡ
ѹղ֪٣޶Ľ¥һö޹ʧ¶צΪѪѬ죬ԼЩצļ򣬻ΪԼ¡Ⱦۡʵ͸ˡȡֻģ
ľհʶµ˽䭵Ļɫ䲻ãȴδﲻ̾һΣҵоС֪飬аˡүү֮⣬Ӻͼλȣڳ߶ڷ֮СһҹǶүһڻҰүӡŮΪˣиѳ޵ĿҲ౻żҿ
䭵ȨʱһٻѣŮۡⲻȻ𣿡
ŷŰɱҲͨ˭ҵȺ
䭲ŲļжأʱѾֵܳ޷Ǿ¡
ԼȻûжʣµСǳֱĵػ㡣
ߣأǱ̫ƽ󻹹㣡
˿˼ľհ򸾵ӡ
ͶˣĸҺʹǰǰԣ
ĬľհҲϵͷ֮˼꣬ǴķƽԿٰ裬ׯ԰ĥܿܿſѣ㽫Сȳ


68 
С, СĶӲ࣬Ǳ˫ӣһšӡ, Ҳ֮ǰ˵Ƿ֮ؿຮȱʳϣлȡؽѰȼá
ѽһ, ߵض濵, ƽ˵ţ˿Ǻҿ, ˽̣ýȢݹ, иͬͬ, ƽֱӣ
ֹ̧ѽڣľհԣСӲǵŮǼĺӡ
Ͷǡ⺢ӼǶ֮ӣһֻӡϰ, ˵ڱúܴ, ʹٹ˽, СӲ, Ҫ͸¶ȥ
ѽڵƽˣ𣿡
ѽС, ȴҲ̳, Ϊ濵Ӵѽǰ˲ǿͿ, ̳ɱݣ˻ЦӯӯĴ˽ţ塣֮ѽƽ֮˶棬ղҪֻ˵û
ȻˣˣѽڵƢȵԷƺضΪǿʰ˶Է˵öԷл˺Լĺӡ
Ͷﲻ֪ƽܶޣʲôƽûʲôҵ
濵ºӱȥӣ
Ͷǡǻӵش֮˵ľ֮ءūҲǼ²ˣСȥܵʲôã˽ߣ˭֪˽֮£Ҳ֪ɰãɱЩɱǧûУԱ⺢ٳһٶҪ¡и̣ôңθ
ޣһɳƵʲô˵ۼӣкδ
ѽڴţһһʪվڰ⡣
ŻڵˮĶңղϣͷ뻨ףȴ
һ۾Ϳòݡ
˵ǡ
ѽڵǺˣ
ľհȴŵǰôˣ
߳濡䭶˹ֵáɷ˵
濵ͷ
ѽŷ
ź߶濣ڱʲô
Ƭ̺ЦЦԭǡ㡣
ѽͫ׾ȭȫ
ȴ򶨣ǱĹˣĳǰǾ̣ʮȨȴ֪ļҵģ
⻰֪ʵݵѽڶУ˼ͺˡ
ڲ֮˵ĶУȴһζ
ľհ򸾱Ͳ˼ϸ塢۶ˣûж룬ֻΪǾʶ
ֱǿ˻Լľ͵⣬֪⣬ȴΪֻڱѡţ̳ɱȨǵأȻҲȨˡҲѹѽôţѾ·һ̾Ҫ˳ȥಫ
һȺ˼죬ȴŲæժᱡġ˺˻׺롣
ǰգۼɫ԰ס粡ӰŮӡ
Ůвɫٶü㣬վڷУ·ɫףҲڲסһɹŮӲеζ
˵겻ȸʤȴˡ
˵ʱɤɳƵͳɼѹɤӣӦɤӻˡ˵ƾն˼ζ
ȴƲ⣬ЦЦƵԭǼ档ǰȥϢҢա
ᡣˣϯ
ҡͷҲᡣҷС˴󳤹֮ֵòŵ¼汸Ĺף̵ױܳ谮ҲǳΪһСŲںҵ
濵ԷƱˡ֣ʮѵá
Ц㻹ôƻαơ
䭱ͶһϵȻ˵濵Ļ˵ôȥֻ֮ţҼҰ濸Ϊʶô
˽һۣΪζŭǿҷ³ڮ
üƺô룬ֻ춾
ֶ濵λδޣγԭϲġ꾩Ⱥʶ»ᾪ°͡
䭣
峺
ж峺
峺޴峺
ɣ
濵аٰôֻΪ֪ˣ֡
һԴº͵濺д˲ãά䭡
үĵճŮ˵ͼٿˡôȥˣѲǴǰĿˣֻһǵġ˰֮ܰˡ
ݸЦҴǰݣЩ˵ðλ¡һ󡣡
濵˵
ǰոӡ£δüȡأ㱻ҩϧҵ̫棬δĿڱƣɢĸΪ⡣Ҷӡ±̨֮Уûߡ֮ұܾ꣬裬ûлӡµüա
ұְȳ֮һֱ׷ɱǧټͰְ㡣ˣħҲ¾ɹȡظĲҲڹ;ɱɱΪľһӡЩһֱ¶棬ħ̿вءԱ
˵꣬ǣŰͶ֣οǼȻѾӡ£ץСӣΪҪЮҽδĿģǲԺ֡
濾ĬƬ̣Ȼ
ǰȻ㡣ҵ걻¶ѽ⣬ЩȻûͷˡĶȴ뷴֪ӡˣҲһ¡
濵ħŲվã̰Բ̡ӡ£ҲᰮţԻԺ֡͢ϲħţǴ֮£ԽײУ˵Ϊ㡢ٹ죬Ǳٻ¡֮С
֮ҵΣ
濵дű£ʼĩլʺ񣬱ܾȿˮҿΪǣߣҢ
ͶＱɣү䣬ǻʵµʥּʵ֮ŭĵܵáֶֶŮԺȥһʵۣͶ
ľհҲƽֳϡ̫ʱ̫壬⻳Ĺ֮ȻܼЩûˣҲѹƽͷϰա֪ڴˣɸɱڡ¿վ֮С
濵һ򲽲ˣãĸһһֵ̣֮һζرòܰħţöǸơһħһ򾡣Ծ󻼡ƽı壬ǿ
˵ʱ졢ºͣͬʱҲԴǼֱף˲ر˵ĵ˵Ļ


69 
˵úܼ, İʾ
ھȨĵˣͷȴ¾ĥʵ۵ϲá䣬˭֪ʵҪʷ̩ɽ
֮־
ʵ̫֮, 游סλùǶϺ·ѵ䡣
λڰͳ״򣬷ֶ߲֮вҲǡһ
ʰغ, , ľ߳Ч
ʵ۵۾ֶϱѱƵ߹Ӳдħš

˵ʲô췴ֵ, ǵֶŮ, ĽͨͨС¶
ⷽ, ŻʵʰħţҲõƽȺħŵ׷ɱ˵ϴ׵ƽʰˡ
û˵ĽݺЩԥЩȨƺպգǿ֮, ˴󳤹, 󳤹ܼû취, ֻ, 񲻹һǻҡ֮, ܰôأ
濵ͷ, ƽ㲻ʲôҢ֪˵õĿڽ, ȥԸЯֺħЩ鷳
ԳµƽƽپǸհǰ˺ҷϡܼҵȨƣҲǸġ
֮ǰ뵳ƽΪ˰£ǿȢңװһǻģƴӣػͨɡЦҾΪ档
֮ֺռλӰ;ƭȥׯҲԲҵ淭ֻҲˮԶ
СȴķҺµܼңĺĻ
ܼҡϾҡ
濵ܼʹǰ󳤹Ψһŵ̫Ůѽ׹Ȫ꣬½鲼Ұʮδѹһڱ֮ء£ƽȻЩȨƣڱħ֮£ʲôأ
ɫȻԭˣܼ;ȷʵ˳Ĺٲ̰ʮȡ֤£ܼҶȴȷ֤١ɱðĴ£ǿ˿۾С£ܱһڶʱڴ÷з˾֪
ҵֻ֪ԣ鰮еİСõȤһЦ
˵ЦȻ㣬Ѵ󳤹ʮ䣬ܼҵӵܺŶһ㱻£Ƥ۹¡ǻãܼ˥ˣҲ֪һάϺ꣬Ƿڡ
濵ˡӦ¿ý¿ҷ뻳
ֵұͲȨı꣬ǻˣѧЩƵ㡣ֻǺӣͶֻҪһ˺ӣ֮һķԸ
Ǳ˹ƻҪԥȻ˵ģûʲôõˡλ濣Ҳǡֹ硱µŮʦΪ֮⣬Ǳ֮סɡ⡰µһ
Ļţ»˭Ļأ
ңʱգһغӡӵģҲûбˡֻʦ
ʱ⴫һߺϣһˣ
һ̻ͷҪųȥ鿴յ΢ٶֻûžͱľհסˡ
ľհߣ
Ӧæϡαװ꣬죬»ָСͷӣľհ߳ᡣ
¥Ĵ⣬̺ŵĻźӳִ߽Ա߷ӭ˹ǴȥԺ᷿ľհ򸾴СͷҲȥˡ
ԭսŵľ¥ã滺ҲѻǴȥϢҲŴظѰҺӵֻ֣ܵٴѶٻˡ
ֻʣ·ߵֵܺһȺѶĺӡ
ǹԹɵվڽ䡣
ǷڷоСӿܱڳеʲôλãע˸Ը򣬸׼ĦȭҪǰСȻɻûжСѾˡӰ˵СӶʧҹһأʱ
һȺһ
ͬʱҲо˴ԸճȺԶͬˣҲûڵһʱСһ
Һַӳ֣ŴˡԶˣһأ룬˵һӶˡ
һӡȻȺӽ¥ĺСȴ˶ʲô𡱡

СһˣҲûôˡħ͵ӣʱסڴ¥ĺԺ֮±ͽûϵˡ
ڴõĽҷֹ
⼸϶ħ̸ŵˣ
޸ʹɫûŵˣ֪ħ̣
䭵ζҸһ·ŵǱ˸ϢһҪʱ֪ͨңҵĽ֮űǸ濣ҷǵšԴϷ⣬۾ˣ
ޣ
ڸʹɫķ޳Ĭˡ
֮ҵҵע˵αӿݣ濾ڴõһ᷿ѽ鱳¨еҩģԶ½С˵Ҳ׼ȷش濶С˵ȷ޻Щأ
κԼҽǸԣ
ʵûӣһ۽䭣ɨ濵ķüëöҪˣʾС濡
ý˳濣Ȼһ˿һͷޱֽһֱ۵ľ롣
ޱοоȵġ
ֻߵĽԡԼؿڵûáһмҵˣܺͱŮҿ̫
ޣ
ЯɱʮĬأιǰŮǲǱˣ
ģػ᲻ĵظܣǶˣʮǰġ
ڽ䭵У濲ṦѽڵĹǲҲ㣬뱾Լ˵Ϊ濿ҩĵ״ơɫܹעԼ濱¶뿪˾¥ո˵˵Խ޼ɵ
۵İ׳ûժ̾Ҳ֪濳Դʲôģôᣬ϶ǻҪ־룬һ޵µˡ
ޣ
Һ˵ǳԴ׵¶һڼ֣վڲԶĵط˵ʲô
޵Ͳ֪ʶ
䭵ҪףܲԶװ죿˵˵ڡҰȻͶ̩̺ţ¥ǰҲйɷݵģҲзݶΪɶԼҾ¥ʲô֣㰢֪һṦҲûʲôãƢ̲ס˵һ졣
Ƥ룬ֻҪԼĽµסˡ
ޣ
ûˡ
ưɡ


70 
˻ȥһ, ޶ţ䭻Ϊһá
ĿеĽ䭣Ϊ, ڶȴҲνǾԼδ֪׵Ļ
ɸֵȰһѡ
Ϸ֣ŮӵղͬʦֵܲЩŮһĸ, ಻ѷɫڽ塢򱧲ƽ, ɴǼˣһˣȴһƵ, ÿƽǵһʱ˵Լá
, ȴںֻ֡ҪԼǰ, Ƶһȡ
ϷŮƣϰǴ³Ϊͷ¶治ظֻϰ䣬㱥żҵָ𡣵һ棬ȴȻЩŮΪϰĺôǮ, 
һƿϥ¹ŵĴ°, һȭɱôڱΪҷĹ, һƿǽķšֻԹԵصͷϴϷ, ˳ܡ
, Ц, ȴĳ¾ɿѹ̶
£˵ǡԵĳ, ǿı뺷ŮεԼķ
޵Ҽǵǰһ˵ϲһˣƽȵĻϻأԶɷԼϺ͵ߡֵԼˣôһ֪ܡԼ˽¶ǰǳˣİΣҲҪģѴǰЩƨȫޣ
Ȼ䭿޸ɴҲˡ
ܲˣҪǸƭŮҲǳصģ
ȴһ㶼ûᵽýõĵǣǿʶҶ֪֮֪ƷأСġֲʮʮСǼһֲܷûĹаŮݣĵһֱǰЩһһ׮׮ܸ鷳ľʱԹ
޵ɱɱԴùЩִ̼㿴ߵСѾͷָ֣¹ܼҡƹ񡢻һǽ֣ѵûɹҲָ֣
䭵ôܣ߼ʵӦµһ֡
ޣǰԼˣҪǮǰɣ
䭵ûҵڷѽ
ޣ¸оˡ
䭣㲻ɣҳԽԣӾԽ档ԽȰңҾԽͷֹҸľֻһˡ
ޣ
䭵Ҫɢ£Ҫԡ
ޱʵʲôԣ
䭵Է֮ͬףСʧȥ˼Уܿˣڲìܣûͱˡ
ޣʲôʱܵģΪ֮𣿡
֮ǰôɵ𣿷濺ƭ䭿˿ķ˼
ûУ
һ㶼ûУ
䭼ʧܣֻ̹ϵ֪㵣ңΪҺãĿУҾ츸ĸ׽ãҲǹҡӦҡҳףϣõ㷢ĵף
޵ףã㣬Ƕ»Լˣ֪濡ɵֹ
˵ڵʱԤС仰ĺû˵ڡ
ʵϹȻ
䭣𣿡
ԶԶأ濵˷ͼܵĻ
ȥվڵİſڣϸһ£űߣ磬Ϊû䭵ɫЩǡ
濣
䭼貨΢ȥߣס֣æˣ
ޣ
Ǻǣ㼸¨ҩģɰλʦ۵òأ
ǣŽ䭵֣ƫͷߴߴ˵޿ĲգܾɢһΪвѹ
ͺһĽңңָԼ
⣬µһ

һҹΪҺӼǷ˸飬̩̺æ˸
ϢաЩơȻһ羫ȵ
󣬼һţת
濵¡
Ц޲ɶԣܿҲԴǲ֮
䭴żΪж
żȴд˼ǰƽıľհ򸾾ȳо¡
һд֮صˡ
صԼ׳롱ԣǸġլˡȫ֪Լı췴֮£಻֪ײнڴı췴ʱ˻Ҫ𾪡
ǰ͹ֽīֽ⡢黭ӡ¡ȡһֱΪǵƽľհȣҪǮƣ˳˼ֵǮСҲӡ¡ֽ⡢յȡ
еӣºӴǮʣδ䵱ֵǮСŮöӡ¡֪ӡ±أֱӡ±ħŵ͵ߣ°Ů
ұصξδӢϣҹˣͬʱɳ׷飬һܵŵĺӡҲδҹѶڴħצе֪ӡ»бܡ
л˵֪ӡ¿ܹϵŴʲܻоеУл֣̿ͬʱҲı֣֮̾ӡ¡
żĩβ̬֮±Ҿ֮ģ˵Ϳǵ걻ǽ¥ŷԻղа·ЩΪĴеΣΪܡ˵Ըϱ£ӡ´Ĳħһ򾡡
˵ħ֮ΪĿɳʿɳֱ
ˣû˵кβףֻ˵һ촫С
ߺ󣬽䭿ţ濵λ۾˵Ϲ˵СҪҹ˵Ϊ档
濵˵µٶҪҪԱ±ġ
תһ룬˵úܶԡ֪֪Լı췴Ҫ¹ȥʮ꣬ˣԺڳɳĹиûлӵԼһβˣҲֻˣ޷ܻҵȨ
˵ǣʵҲ
ֵôֻ˵ħŵвʵ۳ʹƽ
濵ûп´ƽȴƽ
ƶΪΣ
濵˵Լ֪ӡ´أƲԼձءͼıɡȶƽ֮赭дһȴص˵пܲоеУ»ôأ
»ô룿
䭵Ǳ£϶룬ƽǲͼı죬Ҫֻ֧췴أ
䭾Լܣ²ʵѾŮ׷ƽǵۣÿжȴׯӣ¶Զҩͬ˻ôĿʲô϶Ϊ˴ӿƭصѽСв룬ƽҪ췴ţ
Ϊ֮ǣǨŭڼûаͬ顣ӰҲƽɱ޵Ļˡ
䭾Լúܵλ³çĽˡ濵ǲǺܴ
º͵ǡ
ӣ׶Ҿںҡ
͵ؿ濣Ǽֻһָ룬ǲЦң
΢ЦûС
䭵˵˵öԲԡ
濵֮룬ΪȻ
䭼ú÷һ£Ҵ
濶˶٣ֵƽǷв֮ģλ˶˸֪޹ؽҪ췴뵳ľ£ѶܼҲֻʵĽڣϣѹң̻Ȩԣһʵƽ췴ʵԣ˵ΪȻ
䭸е濶ƫ簮
ʲô簮
ǲ˵ʲôûĻ˶ú
ǰˣ嵭£ͷϸ꣬񡣷Σȴһرɣδޡ


71 
䭱ͷ, ȴûѯʣ˵ġҢ֮ǰ𣿡
ץסҢʱ
濵ҢҢ˳֮
ƲҲŲʲôݡʲôͷ, ֻ֪ѡõʲô̶ȡ
濵˰֮
䭳Ĭ
شΪˣͬá
硢Դǵ濣һ̲֪Ϊο׾ס, һʱ֮䲻֪￪ʼ͡
ŵ, һνԼ˿̿䭵̬
ܰͬʦ÷ħҪӲʥ, Ҳѹֱ˵α˶, ˻, öţʹ顭ȴʼղɽ˵ٶٱ仯
ǰƢܵˣ޶Ե̬ȣҪôεˣҪôٳȡ
濾ʳǿʮɵŮӡ
ʵںԷʱ, ںͽط֮ǰҲе͵ľ顣
Ƭ˾˼Լżģ, ƵͬáҸýСӻǽСأ
濱Ծ˼άŪò֪λش, ɡ
䭰һ, ЦҶģ, һƽͷϰ, ƺȻ˵㡣˵ˣ˵Һ࿴˳, Ͳء
濵ġ
䭲ۣżȥ
ȴ룬һаŮһ͢ѾõĽˡ

Լڴ¥Ķ¥鴦¡
ȻҲᶪ½䭡
䭶ֶӵ¶һ򲻸ðǰͷȺаǽ¥Ƶġ
ƽƷ󲿷ʱ䶼˽ʡЩ궼ȲѣΪ˹ʳԼ007ˡʵһЩˡ
ò׽ˣֻϾʣ߿ĵ
ȥ£Լɢȥڸתת˽ؼҡ
ȴд˳ûһ˵Ǻãԭй˵㣬˵ڼ߷ħ̴ֻ̿ͣй쳣ܷģ
ѽڸ㡣ȻСղħҲû㡣
䣬˵ᣬƽʲôг˵ǡ
ɽͬ⣿ѽڸңİΣô죿
ѽѾһֵżȻ䭻ԶѵõǶäӡĲħ̸Ҳֵܵһ
ȻҲ̫ԶϮԼ˲ϢԱһʧ
Բѽ濡
ܸܲ˵ѽǰǸ˼Լʦֲ˱ɣ
濵ظҡ
䭵ػð㴦һأ˻Ӱࣿ۲Ҫһͬȥɡɷˣ
΢Цͷ
һûﲻԣֺǺǵ߳š
ֻҪû䭾Ͳÿĳ֮ԺֻһֻԼѲӵĺ꾫ÿ춼滨תƼȦ
ûʱתҲҪѴõˡ
·̸濰ͣԶһȣֻùˊȥ
ǰЦеʣͶأ
һԸͶĵسЦЦóЦݺܱŤԱ߶ӵͶ㤡
Ͷ˹Ҫ˵ЩлĻ޷ѽôûСһæɨѽ
Ͷ
ͶﲻΪôʡĸͽҹķͽ֮ʱѰҲԱţСһͼס¥ĺԺҲ֪ġ
Ϊ֪ʣ
ȻʲôͶǸӣý欵ԭͶԵлЩǿҶŮ֮֮սʮС
䭵ĻͷͲ̵ζ
ͶèƶѾըëˡ
ϾǾ˵δޣƢС˾ţ⼸ղǸɻǺʹ¥ĺһ
䭹ķ¥ĺǣǼҵ˽ϰ䣬ǿɶǶˣν߳࣬СӺСͷδһˣȻѧá
Ͷҧ֪ˣҿллˡ
䭰ڰ֣ѽˡ׻˵Զײڣģܰæģ϶ҪæġЩˣͿãڵл
Ͷ
㱨ҵֺˡ
ʱ仰ʱ䣬Χֵ˺ܿΧ˹
Ͷʲôˣϼ˲֪
ﰵŽ䭣˵Ǻ꾫¶ַ˾֪ԵĺɳӰʱЦ
˰ǻ䭵ͶҹСӶˣÿ˼Ұһϰҵľˣ
ϰ֣ҹҶ˯ˣ죬һʲã̩̺Ϊ˰ޣҰ֡
ѵ˵ȥԪڸڽֶǺӣڶûϢ⺢ǶˣһӶҲľհ򸾶˿ɲʧҪл
˻Ͻ͵ͶԺע⿩˭ٸұĶ˽ȥƣ
ǺЦ
Ͷˡ
ЦŶ˻ӻ֣ǼҰ濾ĳң󻹲ǿξδ˴ץĻ
۵ȷʵˡδ󣬽϶ɾ࣬δа֮ͽ
ǡһεξȴǰľҷˡ
Խ䭵ĹȣͶ
ľհҲڽ˵ָʧ˷ִ磬ۼΧԼָָ㣬æֽ˼ӣЦֵǮ뽭ﳢ
䭽ӹŰͶ棬óһҧһڣ޵سüƵľϰվǺãѹ滨ֿôꡣѽǰϰᣬûڸҪԼ
Ͷ
Ҫô
ľհԲչˡҷ򸾶ҲûĺôͷûصǲÿϸλͰţ
һӣȵҲأľϰ̫ˡҾƤҳӣ
ľհֵ֮
Ͷ￴Լҷ
ˣ˼ƯȻ秡ĶСΧôǣҲ÷
Ƚˣɢȥһתš˵Ķȥݺ
ÿ𣿺ǣδޣҲ䶢˼ҿ
Һʱ˼ҿˣֱǺ
㷽˵ÿϸլͰӵʱ򣬲Ƕ˼ҿˣ
Ϊ񣡡
ô˵㲻𣿡
ƨ
ƽôҲô񣿡
Ǵϴ֣ʲô񣿡
˵˭Ǵϴ֣ҵ׵ʱɲô˵ģ˵Ǵϴ֡ǲǱˣ
ʲôĲģϿӹӣȥˡ˻ס֣š䣬ӿҪˣ
㻹һ֣㻹ְ
㿴ҲңҪǵҴӦʦҷǵ㲻ɣ
ð㡢ýдңҪͬھ
ޣõġѽӽȣ
ľհߦܣͶŵĶ̵ݺѵش˶ó湦һʱṦѷѽ⡣
ⶼ

ΧھûһȥȰܡ
ĺԼӣľͰͶִˣȥſӡ
ϡ꿪ĵúܡֿ͵͵һˡ


72 
ڽڵĹˊûӳô, ԥ᲻¶
ʦεϬֻˡ֪ˡƾС, ûʲô⡣
䭵û¡żƴʵû֡
ˊ⽻֮
£Ƕ˵ìս䭶ʲộԼϺͽ
ĻʲôΣգ㿴ԱھӶϰΪ, ƽﾭ֡
쳵֮ǰҲǳܴ, Ѱ졣ộֵˣһʲôˡ
Цˡ̧̧°, ʾˊǱæӵꡣ
Ű, һ߳һ, ۷Ź⣬ʱʱҧŰžžžƣȿϷ˷ܡ
ˊ󣺡
䭵صġҿӴֲڣزסգشǰܾȫСֻǰЩЩ֪׵ˣơ
ˊȻԭˡǲǷΪβܺȰ, ǵಫأΪ, Ҳɺ, αԹ£
䭵Թ£
ˊǰ
ҡͷЦԹ£ҿǶúܡ
ˊҴǰʦɽе, , ġϾ, շתأҲľϰġ
Ц, Ҳ˵˵ɽУǧȥ㣬ڵĵ⾭̣ܵоˣҲҪ㿴Ǹʱ䣬ǲǾڲ֪£˴Σǰŷҡ
ˊһ£ȷʵˡ
䭵һɪ͡Ƶİ²ëǡѰޣΣĦǰ˵ٶķޣһ֮ҲһٴκͷʮɱԷĳ嶯
ˊС𾪣˹£
䭵Ǳ˵ġûɹף֪
쳷ʣϻᳳܡ𣿡
䭵Ӧòᡣ˿ʢգɶûˡ
ˊãǳ˲óסǿ¡
ЦЦû𻰡
ˊ룬ЩµΪλ᲻һҪ޸أ
䭵ΪǼ̫ѽҪΪС
ˊȻ֪ϺáҼˡ岻á书ûѵסϵ¡
ˊ֪ǣܸ£ܽǬ֪Ļöࡣ
ǣҲ˵ˣǶŮӡ
ЦŮΣҶԣŮٶνֻҪϾͺá
ˊԥԥͲĽ˵϶ŮӣΥ׺ϳף㰴չ˳׵̣͢ҲǵĻ飬㲻ó͢Ͽɵķޡ
ЦõģѵǰƤҵķǳ֮ˣɫ˥Ҫңͷڳ͢ҺǲķޣֻԼҵĴ֪͢вϹƨȣ͢Ƿһ⡣
ˊǵģȻƷףҲᵣİɣղҲ˵ˣѰ޶Ҳѳá
䭵ⷽĵĵһһᵣһҰҲ㲻ˣҲΪԼҪӪάֵģһϧԶҡ᲻ҡ
֪ǸӹšʫŮӣ
Լëдó󣬲ửᵯ٣壬ν黭ᡣ
ð
ĿƱҵëдõʶ֣ᵫ͡濸дֻ䭾͸𴵣컨׹ʵУðԼȤõ֪
ٲᣬᴵѴ࣬ҲȤ
岻ᡭᱳʫʣȻѧһ·ն߿ģȫð
ʫʱܽ£һǧܸ꣬濽һӣܵθڣԶʸС
ţԼһ֪Ψ濵ʱ⻼ûʧ˵գ̫أ̫԰ΣȻա
Щ޹ؽҪˣȻǵǸѪЦ
Ͻᱻָָۣ㣬쳤վãҲ𣿡
Цָȥǰִǵָ˵ָָ㣬ǴɱɱҲ£أײǽģ˹ײҲᣬ԰濣Զڡ
ˊѹ㿴ôġ
䭵԰ÿ쿴Լϲˡ
쳣ǣóҲ԰
䭣ÿΪΪ
쳣֮أ
䭣֮󣬻ԡԡ
쳣
䭣
䭵ȣϲһ˾ͻҪ׳ˡ
ˊŵæĲģԶᡣ

쳵һμ䭣ڴϵʱ˵İߣ̸Ķò
֮ûʲôѧʣȥǡÿòÿ΢еīˮҲ˵һ䡰ҲˡȵˊۼŶĳΪθӡô̡
ϴ濼೤ڵŮŮģƽò߲֪ͨڲͬȺ֮Ⱥ֮ţ̫һҫۣŶôǾϲ⹴Ůӵĺ꾫
ɾ֪ƫƫжȣҶҲѲС
ˊ׶˵ЩžԭҲһ٣Ҳһʱ嶯˼֮ļᶨơ
˭뱻ᶨѡأ
Ͽ϶Ҳ
ϵġˡ
ʱЦʵʵĲɣˣĵϲŶԡ
ˊɫԥص˵ͷֹ
䭵ǲǾãҿŮӣϲ⡢̰ͼϼҲƵĺ꾫һˣü޸ŮӲıңϸγϣһתͷҸͷ߸ɴ˼ˣϡҲǣ
ˊ󣺡Ҳǡ
䭣ûôأ̺Ⱥôġ֪㱻ҵڣ˽ﲻֹһ͵͵۲ҵƷУ԰ɣ
ˊ󣺡
ûΪǡ
䭵ҲҺϽĻ޷ڹٸбϷһǸƭӣʱƨˡѽôҺĺܿأ˵ǸƭƭɫĻŮأ
ˊ󣺡
е㵱ˣŵɫˣһЦˣҲţ
ҪСֺ̧֣ȻջأԼֱһ£ĵСﶯֶŵëַˣ¶Ҫаˡ
ˊЦֻ֪Цѡ
գգۣŻˡ
䭵Щ濵ľɲУµǴϻۣɱλһʱϡأΪǰľȷģǲӦжϡǶ˽ңӦ˵۹⣬˵ǲǣ
ˊ󻺻ͷ
֪ôͱ˵ˡΪԴ̫̹̲֮ס˵Ļ
ѵǵð˵ЩתڻӵЩֵܽãǱϹˡ
ˊȻвӦ
쵽ǰʱѽѾÿ˲
֮УŲˮ΢Ц
۵ҲЦõˡ
ԼߣáַȤڴ˵ȺֻڴԻϲ
Цﵹ㶼ÿ춼˼ҽǡǺʱܼ޸㡣ǵģô컬࣬ҶҪˡ
濣û컬ֻ࣬˼ǰҲһѧŰﻰ㡣
ʱ̵ĻͲˡԽ䭴սˣ濵Ĳӣ濵Ĵ¡Ĵ˾Ů
ԼԼˮӸϳѽں͹ˊ̲סѡ
濽û˵ʲôɡ֮ĳ֣ӵǲࡣ
䭺ðŷſ׵ĴЦеصôе㲻ԾǰˡһٰģҼǲǱˡ
˳ĻʵҪβ飿
򴽽ǣǲǺʹǰһĸڲڡ
˵׹
һ·ϣᱡ
⡣
ˊסﲻСڣҲܵЩ˶˵Щ˵Ļ
ѽޱסݳ
ߣˣôҪʦݵġ


73 
¥, ҹ֮µĴ
ԱȵĽʶǼǲǸŵˣ
ûĶ֪ȥ濣Ҫδˡ
Цѽ㿴, ôأ
޵Ҫȥˣ֣ģ濵˿أ
¶̫ˡ²ڴͥԼʦ˵Щܱ¶ݵĻ鰮, 濵ٻʲô¶ˣ
Լ֪һ׮ˡ
䭿һ۰ſڵĹˊ, ɿ֣ƤؼҾÿ϶ǸȺħˡ
ĵһŮ, Ҳ˼˵ˡȻ֪, 
䭵ҵȻǳѽֲǲ֪ҺĹڡ
ǰ, ǵŷŹ߽䭵İס䭳ʦܷ֮Ź
Ҹ֮ǡħ̡аɶ֮Ϊ顣
ĸŷаºԣΪ˸ġ񡱹룬ƲֶΣֻҪǮ, ˭ҵĺӶ͵ߡ, аɵΧڶб˼ҡյĺҪô࿡οɰ, Ҫôʳڡ൱аԴ޶ëˡ
䭷Ҫʰ, аԼͬظ䭵Ϣ䭰ѵļĸһѶˡ
Ȼȴˡ
Сӻ, ħҲͷ, ƽССģӹһ١
, ûб𣬷ŵ²㲢δܵĴȻգֻǸЩ
ûм׷ȥ
ڶԸ¥棬ɱĩãһбˡ
ֲʿֻһΪŷű˳׵ֺצаŮԼΪ˸ԵĶħأ
ϷʿҲҪȥ临ⶾ̫󣬸źħͨһҪ졣ǾһΪͷ˺ǰȿʼ˳ƤͷлϺȣû취ϣץ˵š
ҲǵùӱΪưħźѵ̫࣬ƫƫϽ²һ˵ɱ׷Ųŵʦ֣ܾҲҪŪˣǲ
֮⼸꣬ŵ͵ࡣټϱ͢ΧԽСĹأԲ
䭶Է޵ŲѾãȻڽǣһǳġȷе˵ǳŹġ
Ϊ䭵϶֣ˣʣµļУ
׻˵úã˽Ĳѣĵˡ
ֵС֪۶СҲֶڵߣǱȴеòöࡣ׷ƨĸɥ˸׽䭵ĹϢá
ҲˣһֱҪ䭵һžѧ
ŷˣĽ¡Ҳˣžѧľֻз޼ˡ
ҡ׹ӶϢ£϶Nɪˣ׷ǡߣȾ͸ðһˣҡ
޳㲻һֱҪֻץסˡ
ѽ𣬽䭵ȻܷŹҲһ㣬һŷŶԸѰһֲԳֻ֣ǰڱΪŷṩħǱߵϢ
¥ĸŷűΧǴǽһ˰쵽¡ѰаټŶԽ¥ѹʱ˺ͣŵõʤ
䲻ûһνսаȥһӳ졣
ʹˡ񵱳ɣأˣûвΪѿǵļƻ
䭵صúáڰ񷴹ˡ¥ôһȺӣѼӣҪǽƾͼơʲô񣿡
ޱ鿴Ҫǵѣÿͱ˰˰ٱˡ
ǲǵҸǾѹ㣬ħ֮˵ټܷǣ¥ôĿ걻ǷҲ͸ˡ
µľ㣬޵Ҳ㣬ûͷһᾡϢ
Ԥ׺Ȼʦһŷɶӵ¶أʦԶˣҲ÷ңһҲʦô
䭵Ҿ˵ôɺϣǡ
ִ̧ĻЩģһ顣
䭵ôУħ˽Ǽ黫֮һ˵˰ô죿Ҫץסǵ
޵ץôץסͰɣļɰ𣿰βļױƱҿԸ㱸֮ǰ˷ӻԣѹĽΡ䱦ʯҿһûС׼𣿡
䭣˻
Ц㶼֪Ҫ׼ʲô𣿡
ҧ´ί˼ûɹף֪ΪױȽҵȰþˡ
ޣ۴ĶȢף㲻ȥ𣿡
䭣Ϊϯѣ͹źƴˡ
ޣЩûмȢΪϾûв
䭣֪ҲͷֻܿĿȳԺȡϽͺҲһ
ޣͬ
޵ȻǰһҪΪβ׼㲻񷨣Ҳ˽һ
䭵һ𣬿ûܺװ
ˡ
ȷʵֽ䭡
˭ϵ濻ð֮ףѰ붼롣
޵ѧҲ١˵ĽýţȥҲ÷ʡ
䭽ѽڰ濲˼̫Զ˵ץĸͽħ֮ɱܲܵŰ濵ȥ
ڱԹЦʱ˵ر¶ſġ
Ǹ˶óںýǰNɪ
޺һû𻰡
ʦ㡫ܲܰҡ
δ޾ʹϵܡԼѿǡĻݣ뱩¶ݾͱָ˵ȥ¡ѾҴ¥ûκιϵԼȥУҪ˵ôƤ񡣡
һڣ޾֪޷Ů˴ǰԼòڽռ˹ˣԼ߰Ρ
䭣ʦù֣飬ĮŶһΪǳ׶Ժ޽ּңڼ̧ͷô죿ӡ
΢Цû£˾ͰˣһºŮ˶ǡ
䭴Ӳתƻ⣺˵ôãһڿˣ˼ȥ衣
˵תŤֵҡ˰ᡣ
ޣǺǡ


74 
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šءħЩǳ͢£ϴ׹аʿȥֻᱻ꼰㡣, òı뽭䭲ġڶܻŽ䭣޸
ת䣬ֿʼһ¡˵濵ľ˾⼸Ҫˡ
ڡֹ硱ڽϲûĴšǱɴϼĹ¶Ƶ, ûаϢ
̩̺λϢ, ܲ鵽ľͺܶˣ
ɥĸͶ˸һλ̼, ̩̺ܿʱС̺̺֮濵Ĵºܿ쿪ʼ, ѾǱ̺š
濺ּұҵìܺܶ˶ּ֪ҵȥƺ, ܿ챻ƽϢľλ˾ˡ
˵һ𣬼𡣵ּҪ۸׵濣ǧߣΪ˲ּҴ
˵ѧŰ塭
, ŮΪ, ŮΪ, Խ, รɡ

, , һֱЦ
˺̶ܿĸ˵Ĵãηе, ûȲ˾ˡ
֮ǰӿȷһװˮͲʣµĲ赹ͲˡдʣòҶ˷ѡ
Լĺò裬úȣ۸Ҳ󡣶ΪǷǮ˼޶ĲҶ
ѽڵɴ۾㻹ѧˣ˺޳ܣ
ĵɶˣƤ̫Ժ󲻺Ҫˡ
ֱ׳û˵˭֪вͣࡣҶҲǡ
ѽڵ
ʫĳһλ֮濵ʫ֮С濰ʫ˵ӡ͸ȥһʵ۲֮ͣΪ
£Ա߶϶ţȴûȥ
Ϊ׵
Ҫ͵͵ȥҲ÷̼
ǣ˵ҪԼַУԢã
䭲ŵˣǰҲνļ֮ԱǡֵԼˣ뵽ܻ᲻ŲŵģԼܲл
ǰ˵۹⣬滨֣˵濵ĺãǰ䣬ĪЩ泩
δһ濳ףȻ˵Ҫ飬ȸɽɽԹء
ԽҲΪδ֪Ŀѧ
ǸΨߣΪ濣ϣв죬֤ǵԡ
䭣
濵ͷ濵ݸһůĲ衣
濱̲סЦݣæ
šõˡ
վڴ¿á滨֣ڶ࣬쵽ƻˣ̷ִ߽ɼʢ
ҪҪȥһ䣬Щ
䭵һˣ´ΰɡ
ϴΪ濵ۼйأʱʳ͹ɣȻġ쵽ˣܵ˷ʱ
濸ղź̸ʱһˮɢؼҡ
ؼҵ·ϣģ濣ĸˣħ̷ͽδ׼ôã
濵ȷħϱ̲ڰͯƭ֮£ն̣ķӦѺУն
̺һ㶼󣬱Ҳ⣬ıɣرһѡն١ǸħȻûʸ񣬾Ͱ̲͢ˣҲùѺն
濵䭺ιѯʴˣ
䭵ҷ˷˵˿ħ̸ŵˡֹͯķͽϧɱˡ
ˣһˣ
ŷųӣ¥ѵӵĻرƣ޾ȳĺӵʱ򣬽ҲͬС
ֺ֪պĴʦĽ£һϣ
ʲôÿڵŷ˵ĥеͿݵ;ֻΪ˵Ľºͷ޻ϣȴš
ĽϣǲҪˣһûлؼңĹ𻨸⡭
ʦˣҵ֡Ҫòܳ
ĽϣһҹʹãˣӲʹˡҵҲʹƳڳҵؿںֽţǲҲҪˣ
ǽ֮ŮıңҲԲݡ
ʹ𣬾ͱȨ
Ȩͱˣڸš¥С
ϲ¡
¥̫úӺѰ˵ɴɱðգһʩİ⣬֪ġĽŮһĮаˡ
ɾʯĳҲԶЩܾݲе׶Į
ĵذЩӶˣǮҽǣҰзҵǵļˡ
ֻǳǮǶ֪ǡĽºⱾ
䭵ʲôǻǮġҪǣϸŲáϾЩ
˵ˣҾֲΪ˻رɱй¶Ϣ֪Ҿǣžǳ˴űҺʹϵν׶׳𣬽һ̰ߴʦŽ꣬һȥʰ̯ӣ
ȻΪ鷳ȴʵʵڵġ²²ر
ԾȺжԸžж
̲סҷ²ۣѯ濣ΪȷĸͽݡǸŵצ㵱÷ˡ
ѡϴ֡㲻ʰЩСආǴ֮м尾ȳ͢о̵飬ʹɱǸֻˣŻԳ֡
ʣ濣ξʶôе㣿
Цſѽڡ
ѽڵϣңҴӡ
䭵Ƿӣҿӵܣȱء
ѽڵμҴүǰȻȱֻ˵ճľŻӣݺӾгҲ˽ϽӸ㣬飬ɱ˵ξˣ»ھǴء
￴ĲΪǷ飬Ϊ׽ϤѽڣǮӵĸ磬顣
䭺һڲ裬ʵλδǰǼҳ𣿡
濵áҢͬҲ˺ѽЩҲ˵仰
һ仰˵̳ӽġ
üЦ
ҲҪѧŶ˽ӡ
濵ŮѧŮƺϲȥԷ
䭻治̫˽ⱱ͢ŵʣԷʲôطӼĵط
濵ĹݾڹӼԱߣҲͬһˡֻĹݶǻҡѫӵܡǵʥԺԭǸ̫Ӷĵطӡӵܡٻӵܶڴ˽ѧͬʱҲڴ˶顣
䭺ֵطѹδܵɣѻӸˡ
ЦǵǡԷͶӰ롣
ѽڲϵɺˣֱǺѡǱΪ飡˵һӿȥ¥ʺһٺô򡣡


75 
һ, ֮ѽ
ѽڵأ㶼ûϿ
ѽڣɷӡ
ѽŶ
䭵ǲΪ⡣Ȩʢ˵ǵСЩ
濲ѽ˵, ˻լԺţԺɢʱڽϵʱǲֱξ£˵ɡ
ֵҾ, Ҳĺ֪˵Ҳû¡
΢Ц𡣡
֮㲻˵ˡ
ֻСèץ, ѽʲô˼ǻе桭
渵
Ϊ˲ûѫȥӼѧλ, ̫ӰԼǰѧϰԷóЩ⺢ǶáŮ, Ĳ඼뼷ȥԷ൱δ͢ĹٻȨǾۼ֮, ໥˽⣬ɴٳס
ֻΪ۲Ŵԣ̫ʺ㣬Էзʹô󲿷ѫٻӵѧණ
Щǲعصģѧӿδܡ
оŻӺ, ҺΪм˵ͣ, ûȫСΪ˴¥, дˡڶһ𱻻ʺ˰ӡ
ĵǿɲѵܡһ𰤹ӵ
֮ɻ࿴˳, ˡ
Ҳ˽顣
ŻӺδԭ, ǹĽ顣һЩ, ˱۶ˡδ˵˽£ҾͲ֪ˡ
䭵Ǳҡ˵˵ĺ
濵ͷá
˵, ;Żӡһ𣬻һԭ˵¶áԼףÿһλӶôӡ
һϣȴˡ
Ц⣬֪жè壬ʵιصģǰ⣿
濵ǡʼԣ֮ǶϷƽյԾд浵Ǻо棬˭֪ܲĴЩ﷣
䭲²Լдģȴˡܲ˶Ǹ塢Ӱɣǵȡˣ
濵ͷЦ㲻֪Էһ涨£Թؾܶ棬Ա²顣
䭵һ㲻ǹҼǵ֮ǰ˽ʿ¿ӡءԷô
濵ȻΪз㡣ѫӵͣԷ֮ν֮ɣ²ãóƷͷ㡭
䭵ԭˣ±ָ²ðɣɴ¼ȡ²ͿԿȨƣ˲ٶࡣ
ʵ˭ҵ˭ͱҵ벻˭ҵ˭ҲûԹԡԹԵԼԼҺдЩʲôƨͨ¡
䭵˻ȺͦİŶҶˣĪǾӣд˲ݣдʲô£
ᵽǵ£˶̲סЦˡ
ǴԡТΪ⡣
Żӵ²ö֪
˵Ҳ֧֧ᣬҲ´һЩĵ֮
ΨҢ֪ҡ
дƪ·ֱǣТ־ס
濴ŽƪµݡǳԵĻ˵ƪµȷӦǡ
ҵİֶ̫ԻʵТ˳԰Ǳ𾴵ֳ
ҵĻʵòӢ̳̫֮־ƽ½ɽĺƽ
ҵսĸս޲ʤ޲˸ҵϲף̾ȢÿᰡҺϲóҪһТ˳
ľʦУдӦǡҵ̫ӡҵòǻʵۡҵĸ
¾͹ˡ
䭣
д¾Ȼû
֮칦ϣҢˣͬɣΪ֤Լдúãһѫٻӵ֮ܵ£дһƪ£Ϊˡģϸ˴󳤹͹Щķ绨ѩ¡Ҳˣ󳤹µһֵþٹ֪ͱȣڴ¡
֮󵱽ʥûڹٳּʽףΪ
䭡һףˣλպġŮ
ǡ
濻˽йף˵һЩš
ףԭףࡣ
ǵ깫ݷкպĸ輧ǰ̽ף֮Ů
ףǰʱ̽·ű߾Ϊ֪֪£һպ彫ַسʱҮɾǧߵšնǳʿˣۿʿ
ؽ֮ǰеɽ֮ƣڳУףױ˳ǣηʱɱ˵оȻذա
սУף걻ҮɾһС֮Ƽس£ֱԮȣϳǽ³ӭԮʱŷվڳϵΪԮ񵱳ȥˡ
سǳأʹñδŰԴ塣
ף֮˻ʸҵŮףףͶʸҡ¹ԭʸƵ֮ۡʸһսܣжҾ췢ΪūΪʸŮףĸҲͳ˼һ˼ҡ
ףȻҲ˼
⻧˼ҼΪٳܣ˥䣬ףĸҲʡף޼ҿɹ飬ѡ·࣬ҪôΪ檣Ҫô糾
ʱҵһλĸ輧λ輧ڱܹף˶ݣȻʹЩ˻ǣʶܶٹˣҲвѧ輧֪ף˵Ůڡ
ף౾ʹӱ׿Խ黭һᣬʫʸ踳ͨ
ʮʱĳһգһڶٹ׷˷ŻҪΪ檡
ʱǡӵĵ׹ڱնɱ󽫾Үɾԣ̫ʵ۷Ϊ
ף๫˵ɱɱˣָмλˣҪȥлԸΪţ顪Ȼҹʰ·
СѾߴǸǣǿȨǼɵ˵ȥ֪ǷԨԴ಻֪ǷǾʶһʱ֮䲻ҳ֡շף뿪
ףൽ˹ǡн븮ײ
һ֮£ΪˡʱŰͨżףࡪǼΪԶȴǴԼȴҪϥɫܻȥףߣڱԺ
ףƣࡣֱĿҪľʱڻظ
ףͨ˽ԼסԺλø֪ĸ̴Ӵ
߽СԺһŮ١Ůԡ⣬·˼֮ޡһ֮£ɱ
Ȼǹɫ㣬ѹ졣
ףڣȴһҲ£ӯӯ°ݣ檺ˡ
ԼǹĪȤһҲˣڵң
ףҸף꣬ΪҮɾɱŹնɱ֮Ул
òǣ磬ϧ֮飬ʶ˼֣ôлҵġң
Ȩ죬ǿһŮӣӵùңĲ
Ҳ˲סæǰû㡣


76 
˵ʱȫ˲ת̬Ⱦסˡнֹ, ްֶߡ
ףָ£ҵһլԺŵ𽵹ѳϳȥ, ع
ԭլһ·лعǰչۿ裬ףȰסΪСŹ
ʱΪңд֮, ǰŸհؽ, ˾ͽ˻ʹ
ʹܳĹҲû취ʱķĻ񣬹Ҳ, ͢Σķ, ò, ܼҺͽ⡣£´ȣѺȥʹ롣
ΪһʵȨΪѾǷǳʶ塱ˡܼҲ
ֻǹ֮Ϊŭܼңʹù͹˳Сף˵ľȥף, ͬʱףӻع, һһ, һ, һ, úӭȢף, ԺԭԺ巭£ΪףԺӡ
ף޸֮, Բ䳯жȢ͸ҼޣȻõؽ˹
ܼλǰûü£ֽʥּ׷ǰֿףΪνΨһŮףΪƷˡ
Թνƺ޸û˿ϵ
ʱʵ̫ˣڰǶȻΪ֮ҹӵǰ㱻Ʒ
ȻûŴͻ飬ףˡЩ˳ˡ
⡰ͻ顱ҲܼүѪܼڸûдףھҲڴҲûз顣ֻ򡪡һˡ
Ⱥ鼤ܣرȺıռ󣬶֮ǣ˫ȫϧյġףүΪģػ
ףǺүŮҲܵӰǵƫ޸뵽ĲԷ̰뵽ǰңңлľ¡ԹɱˣĶˣԸţꡣ
ʱʰ¶䴫û֣˵Ϊս档ҲˣΪع棬ףﲻϧѡţΪĶ顣
ڸոսʢСƳĽ񳯣ֵǳ޵ĺ°
ֱףֱΪǰղŽࡣôȥˣλףŮѱ¶׫汾ףķ˻ᣬͲϡˡ
Ұ֮У³ĳ佫ǰɳЩʼյԼǰݻᱻڸ׷𣬻ᱻʵۡ߹롱˾Ҹл̻̣ͻ룬ҲҴǹ١ЩɳΪǰṩڣͨΪԼ·
̫ʵ۽Ź׷ǰ̽ˡõķţǼӱʥ⡪׷ǰ£Ҫþɳ¡Ǿɳ޲һЩ˶Թף෢ףΨӱˮ
˵˭ҷ̰ˣ˭ȺĹС֮õķչȺɳеҲû
ףΪǰ̽ĶŮͨ黭ʫʡ¡빫縺˽̵ְ
ǰսСԼĸףǸڹǰΨΨŵŵŹƵص豦УԺӺģСУ˵ӵӡ
ۼĮĸױİĸ״ðʱ򣬻ŵ˹ȥ޴룬ֺɸ֡мֻ⣬ڲ࣬ѡһΣҲԾɻѡ
ҺףºͿףСԽʦ㡣
ףһߵԶ֣غʮ꣬Ʒи߽࣬ѧҲΪظЩרӪҾƶǵ˽ڿΡ
ؼұּиӣҲףıֶݣףһͣʮ꣬ϲʷҲʫʣϲǹѧϲ¡ԭһŻ£δ壬˺ͨԼ
ֻ򱾳ʢУƲΪԷŽԼݲԸԷΪѣȡôŽ˻ԼֻվЩӴҲϾ
ݰʦԼҲģһĴ֡
ףСȥؼңغģ䡣
Сʮ꣬Ȼȶϲݣһʹʮ
ףܿ췢ͷҲ֪ˣóȥ
˶ǳ嶯ˡףʮܰıİѱ̯ڹǰ´ɱıҲŮӡ
ף˵Ȱ侲һ˼װ֪£һʵ۽صϸϸ˸飬ҽںͶԷֶԷǹСľϲ֮ͽ̹Ǹӡ
û뵽ǣһΨΨŵŵСȻ̹ԼĴ˼׺¹ף׽һȴܹҵȻ۾ͨͨģΡΡֻܾӣҲѾ˲ˡ
֪СԸȱ̫󣬺òȡһأɲסף֮غ¡
ԭͳףϺүսպյСҲмӣȻûŮ֮飬ҲԸһչ
ףΪ죬˼ȫ־Զ֪ˣɿиΪֻҪײʲô£ҵԼҹŮһ٣˽롣һŮϲĸ˾ؼңûʲô˵ġ
СһȺֵĻһȺ˾˰ٸ۶ѾӼ޽ؼҡ
ݹףϣԿʮְûƢûᣬϳɣС쳤վã齥Сȫ
ŮҢʱСԼǸӣ֪ôӣֱ˾ʱڼңĸյҢ
ҢױףӵƤ˹λĸƫܵ޷죬Էһԡ
֪֮ףʹʲôֶΣغ̸ԼףݾͳףغֱӼ̳ˡľλΪ岮⣬һη⡰ͬʱҲףֶҲǿϵı֡
ǰף֮ǻҵĿϵгʼŵࡣ
ڻʵ˵ʹóøȹ̣ף˵׵ľλСķҲΪһ׮£˹ŮΡ
ףıֶΣҲ˿УӴ˲С
ҢȻȴȹ࿤Ҫɫ
Լ𾴵ףĸûû֡Ȼ͹óףû¼뺣ٻ¹Ʋ𣬰سҡڱҵʱ֣֪ף˭ĺӣ֪ףĸ׺ֶΪʲô˶֪ǹ߽֮࣬һ㶼ͼ
ʵǱλʵֶۣΪ˵õλֳĹùõ֧֣Ҳ󳤹档
ʼٸߵҢҲǱԼȡ˵£ʵͽѿܳȥˡ
䭳Ը϶ܵ˻ҳõĸӣ󳤹Ȣ޻ôơĶǣǲסλףҲǸˡ
ν࣬뵽Լ濳ɻ顣ǰ֮¶۵һзĴ󳤹ˡ
Ҳý˽Ңõѡ
Сָͷ濵Сָ濣عصˣ޷˳Ϊأ
΢Цף㲻ѭ浸֮ˡ
ǿԼɽȴ̲סصػϲ
ǣԴá


77 
һǰ
ǡ
峯Ժȥ, ̴
ƽʱܻó˿һţٳһˡ
ô
ûˡ
ոү», ͱŷ֪үȥԺá
ûطԶԶѾүˤڵϵ
үˤʲô
ӣ
ǰү޵ŭȡ
תȣ忴еλүģ䡣
λүĴƬԼɼаƬղүˤľǲˡ
ү, ɫߵĽ, Աñôӵۡ
Ŷϴţ˵ġ
޺ƨ˼ﳤ϶˵ˣĲ, ⱲӶܳΪָ֣
϶䲻, ôܳ־, Լأ
޸ˣӣ˵ʲô뻰ʲôС־Լ硯仰ﳤĶ˽ӵʮʲô飿
ڵϹñֱûзʶֱ㶵شˣ˽ûʮ꣬ھͱ˰Ӵ, Ӵң
޵Ĳ䲻, ʮ, 㲻Ӽ
ί㶼ϰ, ô͡һ߶һȥӡûϵ, ˳ִԼĻ
Ҫϰ, ʮɽţǲȥɰʦ, ȻƭӻظǱ𣿡
˭ͷ˵ҺֳĲϣ˵Ǹֻǿ壬һӶɲָ֡ɳϣȻܰҽָ̳֣һȥɸ
ޣɶ̲ǣ˭̣ܽЩƭӣҵأ
һԲ˵˲ƭӡǷӥɵĳϡ˼˵ˣ츳ȥ˾״ӣڣ
ͷӡʲôӣû
޵˵ƭӣϱߣԶǧ֮⣬ǧӣ
ĵҪô˵۸츳أ˵ˣɵĹʺǣʲá
丽ͣ԰԰˵ģһɲʺ˵ɵĹʺأ㿴˼ҷӥɵĳ϶˵ˣǳʺĹ򡣡
޵˵ǲʺӥҲǽţƭӣ˵ƾһ˵ƭӣһʮˣһʮˣʵʵɼҵҪٳ쿪
˶á㡱˵£˵ĻΪһ˻ɡ㡱Ļԡ
ģ޿ܣ
䣺У򱦽Ǯˡ
˵
䣺
ϸŵŵոǾ仰㵱û𣿡
ޣ˶Ǯ
ʿˮǰǵСӡ
ޣǿ濶ǳɼҵǮ㶼ƭˣ
䣺ûС
ɫԻʣ¶٣
СһЩ
޾òԣһЩǶ٣ҿ
һЩ
˸
Ӱӣ壡Ӹϳȥ
ĸҶȥү
ģ壬·ϣ
䣺˭ң
˾ӣѼҶƿϰ䣬Ȼ书ߣʵִĸҶκβƵڵء
ǰڶϵ£̶סá
壬⿪Ѩ
ѽѽ͵ϮǺú⿪ѨǺúһ
һ̾үūɲǺúλүģūõĵǡ
ֵܶãҶڼ߳ȥճţľʹ󺰵ﰡﰡҪ
Ҳ󺰵ҵţɾ书һҪ֮𣡡
̾ԭūҲ飬ɶү˺ļǺޣūֻðүˡ
侪ֵ϶˽𰡣˵ҪңûУ
ô󺰶ûӵĻӦΧŵļҶһ˿Ӱ죬ϰΪʣүڵϣ˿ӣ£ľҪ
ʱһʮĸ˹
ۼȿæ裬ǡ
֪Ǹϵ飬Ҳϵһʱ̵ǣǵ裬ǣ˾û
ʶλүϸҹɱˣ
ô֣ˡ
תת飬˱ˣѱˡ
үһ
ĵܼҶСܡ
裺ϲܶС㡣
ģ˭˵ûУû档
үĪƱ硣
ģ˵У㷭鿴©ˣ
裺ūдġ
ģôдģô˼ҵСôʶ
裺ʶǵ衣
ģ˵ڼûôţôôӴ罻Ȧӣ
裺ǶǱ˽Ŀˡ
ģԭǰĿˡûˡ
裺ʣλүԸȥ࿴ҹն»¡
ģ˲ʣôӳ顣
䣺Уһû塢Цأ
˵ˣûҵǵĹ֮ǰҪȥԺ͵û
ֶԴˡ
Ȼֵ۰Ͱ͵ע뿪Ժ
һ̾үѧùôҲʮ꣬ܲһֱɻɣ˵˼ҽϵʮʮ꣬ҲСˣͱĽһȥ
ڴ޵ۡҾ˵ҪȥǰҹԺ飬˵ϵܳţҳڶû꣡
Ҳ̾̽ġκ˽Ӳż١Ӣۺξ˻־ڰ¡
ѵ
үһ߿ţ߳ڸģѧ¿ʫƽƶͨѧˣһӶ˳ȥʵʵվ׮һӾ͵㻹ɾ书ʲôΣӲѵĶڽϣڼ
˵еľҽǵҪӣ
ĵĲҽлƲ񷣺ﰡҪ
үһľļҶŸʲô򣡺ʲôûã
ģ򰡣ң˭ϣ
үޣû㣬ܶʮ꣡
䣺һҪϡ
ү㰢㲻ϣҿԼѣ㣬Ҳٰ㰢ӣ
Ժһʱ伦ɹ
ֵƤ񣬶Ľرʵʹˣϡɣֵܡֶˣֵܻ޺̧ܡ
ү˹ӣѴСе˶̧ضԺ
ֱȥ˷˷Уŷȣأɽīȣ
үȥûӣˣ˳ڶԺְӴһ١
ڶ죬ֵڲԺſţһ߰ӴӴغһ߳ŸˮȻС˹ܣ˵ϱ߼ŻˣҪүдס
һʲôҰҪˣӴҵƨɣ
űٵƨɣƵļҵĹӣȥ
ȴ˵зҪ׸𣿡
˵Ȣ׵һд顣
СλүګګǱҪȢһλ
ģ
䣺


78 
ֵܸС˱, ܵŹȣһǰһȥ޵鷿
һָСƿ鷿ţһŵµ , ҪȢˣ𣿡
Ҳ԰԰һźͽƴأ񰢽Ȣϱ˭ƴƴܰ
ҲͷȢļҵŮṦôܺȾô
˳ֽëҹȥ
ļˣæ߱ܿ˭֪СҶ㡣ǡ
˸į
顪
ëд, üһӡ
Ӵ
ƹѾֵ, ȴ˵ĲԼ
ֺأ϶ۼ⿴ëʵıʸˣæŹȶ°ѵϵëʼǺıʸ, ֵǮˡ
޵һ, һһէʲôëù
ڵ, һ߰ëʴԼһ߿ŵرŹȣش۵òУֺ˿첻ˡ
һֵĺöԸֵġϵ鷿ĶҶ, ȻľǲҪ, ˭õ˭
ĵ, ҵأ
Ҳ, аҵţ
޵ûеǵš濶ɸ봫š
Ҳ, ϵֽݹȥ
ֽС, ̿дּͣʮϸС, ԰Ҳ˵ú
ҵɽ˺ĵˣϣ˸д»飬סԷս䭣Ϸˣ塣׼Ƹ֮
ĵ˵λǡʮǰĹʽˣĪǾСʱ򰢽ȻʧٵǸѣ
˵øֱЩǵ㡢ʮѶȫޡѧʶԨҾȴ޷ǵǸˣ
޵ӦǴŮ
ĵƭǮ˰ɣ
걻ȥǣҩľͳ䣬ܹ֪˰
ĵɺ޵ϲ⣬ƨһ֮ѶһҲκȻ֣ǲƭˣ
Ϊε֪Ĳ£Ѿʰȥˣվȥǰ㡣
޻˵
˵վڴ߳˼
濹ʧ֮£˶֪֪˵գҲ֪˾ġ֮ԻǵãΪ濶̫ˡΪһվȻİˣҩģҪǮƵģҲ˲١
Ҫ֪ʱ濿ûۺʲ
ģǮУġܼӣһ۹ЩĴżֵ濲ϧѪü˺Ǿȡ
رǣµλǩһǷӰ٣濾ȻҲȥֵ֪ܶǷûʲôã˾Ӵȥ޻ء
еһݣ޺ͷ֪ġֻǲҸͲοĶӣݾ͸֪ˡ
ֵܺݵƺͦæҪȥ⡢ϽȵշתҲûдĵѰ׷ծö֮ƺѷĬ˱ƭҩƭǮʵ
ż¡Ϊǳû⡪˵걻һСƭ
ĵ濣˵޲張ʣͬʱҲǰƭľ£˵һѪ⡣
޷֪øЩǡѪǹҲˣŮҲˡۼʱǰַɽ⣬ۼ˾ϵرȥˡ
ЩһǺ꾫ŮĻŮܻޣһŮӲʶô飬ŮõŮҲ
ֵ֪ܲԼҰ·ֻ̣֪Էƭ˽ӣȻˣϲǵȻҪȢؼҲŲ
ծˣҲλðĵĸŮɫ
󣬶˱²ʲôص濡
ףǸʲôźã磬Ҵ롣㲻ϲīֽôһ̨
ܣˣûǮˣʲôˡʲôϲֲû̫ǮĶ
˵ǣϲ۵ˣǰѵ͸㣡
ﱾͻȥ͡ҪٿȰ۸ȥظ
ǣɶ
ܱ𼱡ǲǵ֮ǰǰ˵Ǽ˷ӥɣһһֻԣȲܴˣǰ͸㣡
˵öԣôû뵽أǰʲôʱأ°ͷҪǵȰûô죿
Ŀ䣬Ҳģֵ
ĵˣġ
ֵɤŴ󣬼ʹѾҲ˽
һû
˼׮档
ӳо˻죬һҪ̽ѧʶ㣬öˣȻһʼе㾪Ⱥ²ۣšȷϢ̽δرһҪףֱ֧һϣֵûʧ
˵λɳϵﵱСƹ񣬴ѧ⣬Ͽϻۻָһա츳ʽĿͨζֱš
ǳϱڿƷ֮ΪŵӣҲΨһŵ״ӡ
ʱил϶濵ࡣҪչ˺ð濣ҲûжԽʳԡ
޵׺ö͸濵ʦˣ˵ѧʲҲڵڹķͺ򡪡ûͽݽѧһʡ
ɫǲ˵ȭҲƽƽ
ޱɺ̩̺ţ˳˳ˮҾԣڸ磬ûܹʲôۣ׵ɰ¡Ϊѧţ˼ӣͬҲ̵Сһֵıѧ
κɵʲͲ˵ˣֺ
ϴ󻹺ЩܶЩ飬϶ܰȫ̫Ĺ򡣾˻͵վ׮˵˽Щ£ܳԸӡߵӼʮ¾ʦһ֮ǸֲͶ
˷ﶼǱģԾɲԸΧߺ١١ЩѴüԼţԶϱָţһҪҸʦʦѧգͽ
Ǻ˵㣬Т˳ĸðɣҲǺТ˳ѵܹڰǰҲ֪۽㣬кö㣬ȻܼЩ
ǴİܼӰɣ
ŭʱȻһλԳղܵˡ
ĵǲǰˣ룡㿴ô˵ţǰƭӣ
Ҿ˵ɣҾ˵û׻ǮǰǷӥɵָ֣
ֵܼöƨϵϣ
໡
Ӵ
һˤڵϣһƨɴС

վǰͣһ˵ƥήңһϸЩǶڵĴڼΪ¡
ĺܸߴùŴĻ˵߰˳ߣ˺¡ŷͺ¼ˣ˼ȭŵļҶſ׳ЩȫС

ʵһ֡
ʣĽ¸ġ


79 
ᶵ۾ܴ, 濴˵ʱɵͭһ롪ǰŷ;Լһֻܶסˣһ̾ҪſѪ, Լһ¡ŷ¼ˡ

һ֡
׳Ұַھӿ󣬶˽⣬֪ﵫºͣ
Ψη
ԴӸĸ, ȥϰ֮, ڶ
һ﷢Ѫһʱȥ׽߶ʮһҪ
ᶿһȺץ, ЩŵץסľšɤŴ, ס, ԭѿڶǴȣȺιץң
Eꡪ
̫ˣȻСİŴſϳˡ
ᶣ
ۣ
ֵ֪ʱ˵ʲô
ǲҪȽ£ԼǲСģǻ᲻ԼǸƢˣ
Ҫ˵Լ󣿿ǿܺ¡
˵Ӧж˵ľŲʵǻ᲻ѡ
ĺܽԼ˵ʲôΰ
ᶾľžУһʱ֪롣
ڶУһոǿ׺ݷͽ, ץһʨӺ, ٵ۾ð׹ɨ, Ŀﾡв
һȳصľ, Ϊ, Ҫʹɱ֡
ֳһƬž
һ

֪˭е˵, ˽ײڼžĽֱ߸Ĵ̶
, ȻȻת÷ܶȥҲӦ󡣴϶ʱһƬҡ
Լڸߺ
ܴ󷢿
ܴ
ɱ
ܴ
ᶲ֪롣
ֻ˾䡰Ϊץҡͳǰľ
󵽣ص־ϻ¼¼XXXգܴɱĿ¶׹⣬ףеס
ᶣ
ֻɤŴ
ֻ֡
ֲ֪ôҪȥţ˵
˼ŷߣæȥͨ籨ţ˵Ҫá
ŵòسǵı׽
Һ÷װǼҵĿҵ˺üֵھӣȷֵʵݣҵһʱ֪ˡʦүİ֮£侲ûǽ׳Ĳᶡ
־Ļ
龭ǺܿЦȴǺġһͱԩɱ˷ֱҡ
Ҳɴ˿ɼǶƫж
һοһأ
ȻᶻԸⱳȥıȥأǾͲ𣿻أԩǸԸ⡭ɣ
ʵ֤ı˵ƫǺѵģһҲʱ
¥ļɴɱʱ򣬴ӵص鱨е֪ĹֽѪ޻ϡ
صźͰգûз˼һεУ׷ţ
ɣȻǸˣûԩ
˵ϴҲɱģǿҴˡ
ͽӦã
Ȼ򷿣·̯⣬ϱɱԽ
ƽﲻ֪ϴˢԼԩͬʱҲ˺Щյ΢ۡ
ˡ
ŵվݸº顣
Ϊƫ˲Լ
뿪˼ϽɽҰԴΪϲɽϲһԣΪﲻҲɤŴ󲻻˵
һһаɸ֡
Ϊ׶񣬲ԴǣԷΪԼ׷ɱֳᣬɽдһܡ
һһ֣һǴȺֺ֡
Ǵ˸ƽ֣ʱս
˵ļֻǣᶱԸݣȻԷ̹˵ԼǱ¥׷ɱͽĽ¡
¥Ľ£
ǰˣԭĽ£ǴĽ¥ͽĽ°
˭ò֮ܲԩ
Ľ¥
黹ڳǽأ
ѵõعѯʡ֮󣬲ᣬ֪ǰ˾ǽֵ÷зǸ¥׷ɱͽ
رˡ
Ľ̫˽ˣ
ɹĴӽ¥ӣѽ¥ͼ췴֤ڻסϡ
¥һ߶ܳ͢׷һµѰŻҪʬΡ
ȴɽ֮кһԿ⡣
Ůкܣ
ᶳ˿⣬ĽľƣԼĹһһʹ顣
ףҲôҰĽ£Ҳǽ䭸̾
Щƣ̬ȴܺáֻҪбòͷĶˡʱŷ±͢Ÿ׷ɲҶˣȻǰʱƻδȴҲ泩
䭱Ǹģ˵СƸǴ˻ϻӣ٩٩̸ѺٺĲᶻһһ㶵ġ
˵ᶱԩ£ЦЩ˾۸㲻˵㲻ǻṦֻ赱˵棬һȭһʯͷʲôģЩӲȻͲˡ
ᶣ⣬
䭵˵лл
ڲΪһ˵ʲôлл
䭺죬Ȼ֡ոǿǲ˵ѡʱԷһЩĽţ°ͣǲѽ
ᶵͭһĴ۾ס֡ʲô˼
䭵ǲϲ
ᶾϲᡪ֪
Ҳֱû۶˽˶ʱ
֮Ľ¸߲ᶣڿϽɽһطɽȣӰȡһԷӡҲڽϴ˽йĶǣϲɭеĺɽɫǵӰӡɽӣվ㣬Ǻ͸ϱߵϽ񽻻ʡ
Էӵ˴ĽһЩ
Ϸĺһ⣬˳㿪һȥϽ·һ߸ʣһּͨչϽɽ䣬մߡ
˵һķҲᰮͣʰźһȺֵܣ²ȥӰȣ·ϻʶһͷͻĵصɽ
ȥ֮ŷ֡һķȷʵȽϲ
ϲĶСȸСӣСèС䡣
١޷򸾣
ᶣ
䭣
ţ˵еġͬ̽Ȥõĳ棬ڵ㲻ͬ
Ǵ۹⿴Ľ²˵
ĽѡԺĿ⣬տֻǲƽʣԺӰһиӦЩɽٸ⣬ǾʹŲһʰǡˣֵĺսգڣѰЩɽԷˡ
˵ʲᶣȺֵأ
ĬĬתͷĳ¡
һȺǶݣϵһȺСĶݽһţһȺСñļڲɪɪ
䭣
ᶣ
١޷򸾣


80 
ȻڵۡͬΪﰮ, վͬ졣
Ժ󣬲ᶾӰȶ֮½½, ӰٲȻ˶ﰮЭء
ʱʮȥˡ
䭺ͲŷԼ֮¡
䭵ս֪ٲӰȵͿԼˡ
ֻǲϲˣ壩ǲύʡ͹еͬʮֿġ
Ҳ֪ŷŹƶˣ书Ҳ, ಫбʤİգһȭ, Ҳûбıˡ
һߣȻھս
ΪһˣѰĹ, , սָ㿪ʼԼ⡢չԴ
ϽǱߵ, ֵܡ
ֲۣûʶҧ˼۸˵ȻģȻºֵģȻԳոǿˡ
ɲᶵǸ֣ʮӰٷ˼ʹϵ, ֻҪ͹еļд, ղû˲, , Ѿһ, һȺèۿ
ֵܼ, ·һ˱һȺоƤΧס, ƵĬǰ򱧲ƽȴʶ˸ֳ֣һʮһȺʿɾֵܶʱ˫ð⡣
ᶲԴǣԷȻҲ⣬ͶòᶴΪж
ֵܶǿҪҪɽӰȣȻͬˡ
ޱʾҪֻӣᶾΪѡֵϲǻϲģӰڵɽбӵҲ١ǧȴ̫㡣
ǴӦˡֵܸ̫ˡ
ȥɽץֻΪụֻ̂ץһֻıӣڵһʱ˹

ŵһҸ˾ͳˡ
ǰۺܴڻˣ
ᶿС˱ôôģɫȡ
ҲŹһȳһյǰҵ˵ƭӣǷӥɣٲǾҪˣ
޹ֵɫǷӥɵĲܳϣ
ʵʵ˵Ҳǡ
ޣ
ģ
䣺
ᶿֵ·ѿı飬Լүµɫǲ˵ˣ
޼룬𱸵Ļ˵ˡ
˶٣̽ȷʵǲܴ棿
ᶵͷǲᶡ
ʣʲܴʦӺźɣ
ľܲܳѡ⣿ʴء
º˵Դڴǰʮľɵˡ
˿⣬ֻҪ˵ܻ¶¡衢񡭡
СʱĳʲôҲû˵ô㣿ʲôҲûô㣿϶㲻˵϶ʲôñᡣ
ǲôСĴǣΧԲƫͽء
ӱԶų⣬񡢱󵽳ۡݡЩҪȺ
ʦ˵ӣĴʦʹˣ̲ˣҪ̷ʦȴʦԼϲ⣬ֻܰݱʦ硣
ӳֵѺõ˷ëǣòᶴΪж

ΪֵܾܿЩԶ򣬼ʹڴſڵȴʱŷΧ·˶ſձҲһֱšֻһֱͣ߶ҪҲҪҲҪҡһŹ̿ཫɡ
ò׵ֵܣǵϵҲһˣ⣬ĸоǳš
ⲻѣԺܿش𡣡ɽӰȡ
ģʲôӰȵˣ
䣺㲻Ƿӥɵ𣿡
ᶵҲǰ
ĵ㡭
ôţ
һľľΪɱСṦҲʽûǲáϵ֪ʲôˣȻʶɴϣɵϣǺ⣬ЩҲ˼ɵѣʶ཭ܣҲۼֶָԵС
ôԼ书У۹⻹еġȻֻǺоƤԴ򣬵ʽâ֣Һ޻ɬ֮УᣬתŲ֮䣬˳߸ߵһ󺺣һӯĸо
֪Ϊѧʽǧ֮һȻ
Ǹְ
λ⣬ˡ
ȵλоƤ֮ǰʵλ
˭֪˵һԶߵʱ򻹲¨һⵣ
ˡ
ܣڵϴҽеĵƦǣԵˣûзʲôΣաΪڴ˴ܣֱߵҲضԶˡ
ǰλ֣Ϊģ
ĵǣ
ᶵҵɽ𣿡
ģ
ָָ¨ǰдŴֵľơ
ϸľƣдŸʽɽļ۸񣬶ǳ֥⻹ϽƵҩƣϷɽг꼻һֵ㣬иϷɽزҩĵƷļֵ۸Ǻܺģһ㶼ߡѰ˼ҲЩƷ
֪ɲеıǰعģ֮ɺںĺѣһѹۣ֮²ŰӰȳۡؽµļ۸һˣּϱߵĸ̵ɺͺǵİʾ׷׹
ᶼٳȥžǿ϶Ǯ˶࣬ǾʰϾǡ
ļԼ˵ָдŸ߼۵ľơȻǰĳϤһ֣֮ԺһЩ¾ʮơ
ֵƽϲĹ±ǣţ죬ڴϱʿĸһۿУҪΪӣ̳˿飬顣
һĥⲻþֵܵĻԵ
͵ܵڽֱֹ
㿴λ֣ߣһһλɵĸְ
ǰ磡
㿴ϷŴɰ
ǰ磡Щɶ˵Ǹûʣ϶Ǻ˵㶼˵ˣÿ˶ʺԼĹָҲţ˿ʿ϶ǺõģֻǱѧʺǰˣ
Ҳ
ǴǿȥλǺźɣ
Īҿλƺڿݣ˵ʲôصҪ¡ǻǲҪݡ
õĴ硣ǣԼݣǲǾͲܰʦѧˣ
Ҫġҵġ
ԲģͲܡ֡ᶣչ޵ƽ
վڲ࣬װ𴦣գ
ûйİĿͶϣᶸоɶˣ˵ࣺܡ
ĵԭǲܴ棡СǳϷҶҵģǱǵܵ䡣
ֽʶԻˡᶲ֪ôش𣬸ɴͲ˵ˡ
ǲϷ
ѡ⣬ᣡһͷ
Ĵϲʣĸأ
Ϊˡ
˵˳˰ɣ̫ϽǰӰȵֵܰŽΧ¥
˵ûɰɡӰȣҲɡ
Ҫ˵аɡָھӣѣֵܽã˵Ӱɺ׼ȷ
Ǿ˵ûУʦ֮ȻֻǼӣû̷ʦʦִи˳ûбʦأҲɵĵӡ
һ˾֮С
ĿܴĳĬʹŲ˵
Ȼ˵ȻҲԼ֮ڿڡһԲһȳĶüëʾܴǲģ
һţ񣬷ˡ˵ɽô
ǵͷ
ĴϲȻǷӥɵĸ֣æԲԶĵܵܵͷ
ϲؿ첽͸һŲȥԷ
һ·Ĭԡ
ĸʾʣ
为˵Ҳǡ
ᶸͷҡͷ˵ʡˣ
ǣĽʹ˫˶Է˼ͱ˵ֵ˵ֵܵĽҰޣʶؾΪ߽رĿȫû뵽ԷָľһȺǡ


81 
ᶲϵشԼֵε, ϴԣдաֵΪ˵ǿȻֵܴΪ棬óǮ, ҪԷĿ
Ҳ֣Ϊ˷ҪǮҰأϱɽﲻкܶ𣿸Ӱ֮ȻදһˣѽȻԷǵ˵ֻӲŷ¡ֲ֣ܴΪȱ˻ܳ֡
ǲʳڵġͷȥɽΪѰҰ, ҲԸ˵໰ֵͨҪ

үӵ, ֵܶʱˡϵ̵ľٴοᶡ
⣬ôأҵǲǷӥ, ΰһĶ, ͷѽ
䣺԰԰
ᶶֵ𾪵, ʿˮ˺һΪʵɽ
վˡյ΢ȴҲóƲӦָ֣ƺҲܺơ
ץ, һһߺ߶ȥ, ʵǳϷ, ֪Ǻɣ
ᶻشüɴɽӰȡ
ֵڽϵö, ȻҲ֪ӰʲôطĵӰȣǺɹϵСϷպĸа
ҲˣôأǷǷӥɣѽô
ᶵɫ, , 죡ֵϵǰΣԴ˵
ֶߵļҶʹ˸ɫĵС˵ͷ, ̱ظˡҶҲؼȳȵں
޵Ȯ񣬻ܴ
ǳɫ˰죬ҪǮҵǮѾͻӰˣǡ
һ㶣ܴģȮԼᣬȻ˻ء
һһôһ⣬ˡ
ֻǡ˼ҵĶֲ˼
Ƕ˾ʺʺӰȵһʨҪǸȥӰȰɣ
ĵŮס⽣ڣöӺаɳϹϵӰŮǺã
Ůͬ׹Ůͷ׻ųģôǧáִɣȾ۵㡣
뵽Ȼ뵽ŮҪȢһλŮӡĺʹ
ô꣬ҪȢȢɣ򲻿й¶ȥˣҪһԷƷǾϲ⣬ҪȰ濶
常
治֪ʱһ
ƿһòŮЦӯӯؿ
⣬ⲻ
æǰˣʲôԸ
ҢЦܽУȡһ
޲֪ʲôܲܰѿڸ⡣ۺֻܽȡǡ
תͷԸ֪ͨ÷׼ʳǰҲż濶Сۣʳƫ÷Ҳ֪ġ
Ĺᶸ˵Ҫ£дȥƫԺ÷
ӭ˸ţ⣬ԲᶵʱҲ꽭յ΢Ľܴĸְյ΢ָ֪ܷܴһ
һſԼصũ˸оʵơ˵ֽգǲóġͷָ˵ô
Ǻ
ƥήңվűɪɪôʱҪ±һ㡣
ӣ¶Ĵſһֻȵİ껨ƿӣ쳯ǵ˻
໡
ȵ˻ɰˡ˲¡
壺

Ңãˣ֪濶úϷΪȡ
Ң˾ĽݽãԴ濾͸׽ƵģҲû⡣
Ңһذ׵ֽǰնɱҰׯׯΪǽѣ´Ӧ˽һ£дһֽϣ˱˽¡
޴δ˵£⣬Ϸ֪ںδ
Ң´µʥּںδӦǺʥּһ
һʥּߵһǰĹǰָһͭƵĴϻӣ棬濶ûסˣ˵ж밵ҪԴ򿪡
ϻӦƣûиӣ̵Сӡ
ҢͭϻЦû¡֪ء
ֻͭϻЩϵС׭֮󣬰е˳мӡ
ǡ
ϻ˻ϻӴмѿ¶ںɫϵʥּ
ʥּͬװϻһҷù룬ÿθʱҪع񡣿ҢǺˣʱڻʵ۲ϳ룬ĸǶǲ֪ʥּԼҲһѡʥּѰ˶ʥּǰʥη
ʥּɫľϻ򿪣¶ֺʹӡʥּĩβһذ׵ֽ
ֽԻʵ۳ԼһŮ˽顣ֽϸ˶õľдƫŮԸ֪ʵݣֺ¼ҳǣ濣񲻼Ӱʵܴʥּ׼˵޽
ֽϣּϸ΢ּâŵǡ濡
ĩβһʡ֣Żʵ۵˽¡һֽǻʵ˽˵ĳŵ
ɫʥּһννֹ硱նɱйʦΪɡµĽ󲻶࣬ҲԵĶ͡Ǵ֮
ҢȡֽʥּȥݸԱߵޣ常ԺʥּóŰɣϻûˡ
ֻǵֵֺܺ棬дʵֽ
ãá޿еʥּֿӢеֽɫЩ֡
ҢҲû⣬ֽҾˡȥʲһŴͻʥּ
濵˼˲ͽܶԴ⡣ΨҢס
һйԼҪϼšŲߣΨиЩһεĻ㱣ʮĺ¡
Ѳ˱ԣԸչ¶Լ㣬֪ѹûĿƵϰߡ
ˣ׳ͬš¡ͽֻܶ˿ɱڴǰҲǸ춮µĺӡ
ѹֱԵǿˣҢࣺܶʵ̫ۡӡսĸף̡ЩӢܣһǿ֮ˣЩһһ˼ˣֻҪ˭ûƢǿȴûƢ˿ϲŭˣȻ־ڿԼƢ
Ҳˡ˼ڼΪ׽ǰҲϰԵΡҹʱŽҹɫĲ䣬նѩɽˮ
ѽģΨҢڶթĹ͢гĽãܴϸڿһġ
ҲԵĬ˸εյ꽻һиУݣΪԽá
֮ǰİţû˵ԭֻҢ͡Ңһţᡣ
һصҢŵʵ۵ĳŵȥҪʥּΪ䭣һĻ񣬸ҪǣҪ˶֤λΪ
ǷͬⲻҪҪǣӴԺ½Ӷݣ֮ȥ˺δӲⳡӰȥĺǣΧ˶֪һΥ׵Ļ񣬶֪ýȢޡ
ôͻʥּڽϡ°յӡӡ޵޷ڵĿܡ
ҢõģȻŽʵԸ
޵ķɸ봫ǵˣ֪常ʱ£ǲ˴ͻʥּһȥһҪűͻʥּʹ常ɫЩףʲôʣ
ֻö߲𡰴ͻʥּĸ֣ڶƣԺơ
ǰҪȢһ±ܡ֪Ӣ䡢覵Ů۵㣬һյʱ˻ʵҪŮͻ顱جġ
һʱ䣬ֻĶҪˡؿںʹˣ


82 
Ȼ֪һǰԶǧ֮ľǷʲô¡Ҳ֪һݴͻگѾ·ˡ
濵һ
濰ǵռ, ڶԴϣ䭸ǴĿġǰúһҲԵĺѾ۲, ƵĻ䣬Ҳס
֮ǰܳףҲִŵسı˵һָġԼûԽСһǧʷѬգȻ϶Լڲͬ
϶͸, ôںǶĿ˵ף, ûҲνˣȻá
ģԶֻ濵⡣
ͷ·˿, 濵һ·, ȻĪؾů
濵һֱѾӸ
濼Ҫ, Ҫ̣ǰҪʱͽܣĶʱ䴦ϸ˵Ҳвóķ桪Ȳ壬Ҳ³⿣Ǯ˲ʸõĲ, 񱡣
ͬ˼ά, ϲʸ, ʲôȤ, ʲôһԡ
ǰרעҵ, ûа, ûʱҲûĲЩ¡ӵһϲһˣƫƫʮ갮, ò׵óԸ²Ҫ˵ķ档
Ѿһ룬תͷӴ濵ϸԹһӣҪ֡
濣޲ʡ
ʰԼլʱõ·˺Ƶװˣ濵ĲŷźãȻӵָļűһһ˳ѷš
ʱ·ÿһʱҪľΪҪɷֵңױҧ
·ʱ򣬽䭷˼·졣°ɫߵ
·Ŀʽһ¡
һ꣬غĶ̸һ⡣ڸ˵֮Ҳ˸ȥˡ
ǵĺһءžӡءž㣬ĴܴںϲذҲܿ¥еӰ
濾¥Ĵߣź档
䭴խɫȹŰƬߣͷȲ衣
һ죬̲졣ںߵС⣬ءžӣֱӡ֪צڹע
ڵλ̫ۣ̫עѰеĿ濡
룬֪׷ɱ֪ĲԶ֪ڿ᲻
ġ
濿ʵ޴Ӹģ˵۹⡣
ΪŲܺ
䭺˲ˮվתءžӵķߡߵҪʱ̲ס̧ͷƲһ¥Ĵ
վλ濵Ĳ󷽣ÿ濵Ĳңңʮɵľ룬̫ϸµģһӰҲϤů
֪ΪΣƺȻоʲô׵ͷ¿
ߣ¥ķܴ󣬴ǷɣƷ˿ҡֻͷѲӣѰʲô
һ˲䣬Ѿͷ˶ҡ
ոһۣ㹻䭿濴°ɫߵƺ΢üͷ
ÿ
һߣһš
֪Ƿлټ㡣濣Ը˳ǡ
߽һԺӡ
ԺһȺͥԺʯϣΧһȦͷ顣
شšǵպġǬԨ
ǬΣ˵ǰúܣҪǮȦĹƴˣʣֹ
СΪϡ˵̩̺ŵĻս󡣡
ԣɾҪһ֮õ
ҹӺιȥʱˣ̡ţ˭
Ȼͷ컯֮£Ժ벻֪ʱһȹŮӡ
ŮӴŶңģֻ̬˾ޡ
ǰߣҲδһۣݣͥŲƺֻһŸ·ˣԺӾѡ
ϢسһȺڼֵָ󣬲Ҳ֪Ǻǵġ
Ⱥ˸ҴҽᣬȻӼνɫ죬Ůӳʮֹ죬ҲסɫġһԾĬس齣Χ
ŮӸûǷٶȶû䡣
Ⱥ˿ʱ򣬳齣УŲ
ͬеһƬҶ˷裬ҡҷˡ
һɷķͽ߾˵ڵأû
ϵһɫѪѪڵء
˷쳣Ѿһˡ
ֵء
ӵ鱨˵ɽ߷˶ǣҪǵĻ濶ڰв֣׼׽ˣʱ䣬ȴٳûеȵԷ֡
鱨ǱʧȥǵϢ
һѰңڲ鵽ǲĵطһͨ˼ҵСԺԺһڶˮС߸ȴſԺУµѪݵ÷ڡ
գŽӵַı䭣ڰ֮⡣
עЩй鱨һϣ¼һ¡
е鱨֯ǵᣬ˵ΪĳլԺ˿˱ɱڣ
е֯Ƚ˵϶Ǳɽ߷ð˳ֳ
˺ôΪĴ˵һլԺɱԽὣΪ

ΪɱǶӯμ°ӵĺɽ߷ˣ⣬ԽϴΪΪ֮٣ǸаŮӡ̸۵Ҳ컣мð
һԭǣԼͲݣûԼ֪͵û¡ý壬ճڣͿ͸ںˡ
䵱ֻ꣬濡
°׽ߵ֪϶ǵһ·ֻϲɣͬ°ˡ
ǽգܻ𵱳ڶǺߵ顣
ȴֲҿ
ϲֿơ
ᣬڴ
ʱ룬ߵǰͺˡ
ֻһ
·ϸµű߽Ǹɵʱһ˲
á
ڻصߣ޸
һ˵ġ¡
Լһ
ǻ·Ҳ׺ʹ¡
Իڴԭģ˰ãľ˳֮Ժ˹ɽڣʱһعȥǻعζ˸ʵС
Ҫˡ
Ҫ׼ױ
ҪƼ£
Ҫ֮以鶨ڣ
ûгҲû󡭡ҪȥɰѽݽðżΪ׳

ǣû߰żΰ
ɣᱻżδɣǰʵͬͬͬĽԣ
¡
ǸŮ˻ư
뾢׷ʱ򣬰ż˵˶סǵйƲűաԺԼҪ޸˭һԼơ
˻
ƷΪĸƺӹƣĸƲӹƵӰ죬ܲٿӹĸڽϣӹδϡ
˵˲Ҫżȫ⣬˵öˣŮӾ۶ԭŮԸֶף䭿϶Ҳǡ·Ǹ򻨴йƬҶմŮȵ˶һΪ˽ݽãһŪһⲻľơ
䭣
˵˲Ҫø¹ƣ˵ˣ˹ƣɹɶԷĻ̰鰮ʲôȤ
ֲ˵˵˲൱ڲ˵Լ
֪ЩϽŮӶԽݽ浱׽ã϶˰㵱ˣ۶һΪáͺǰЩúӴѣ˵ʲôûãһϣƶţпһϡ
µӦ˲¹ƣתͷܸϹ
֪Լݽӣ֪ԼǸ𣿻ҸԼ
ӡ
ҡ


83 
岻һѧġ
㽭ʦҲС
书ߵ˶̵ĵز, Ϊ벻ֺҲʦͨѧļ
һźܸӵѧʡһ, ڳ촩濿Ǿ޿ϸ¸ӡǰúĻ
ѧ֮ǰĴ̫ѣѧ֣֮Ȼѡ
͵һרҵó߿ƴѧ, ѧ, ֻҪܰѻСҪкʮͺˣͼ
ף
˵ʲôġǲǵб׼𰸣ΪʲôҪѧ弼գֻҪܰѼѽ
Լĥ廨УҲử, , רҵʿѻ, Ȼ壬Ա߸һһģһġΪʦĿԭհᣬĶ練ư
һ
Դ˵Լ±ȽϼӲŵʼһ, ܵԼû覴áؿɺˡ
˵, ȥҲ÷̵ļ
, ¶ǣսħ̲, Լţ
䭵, ֲ֪ԼṦ, ϶һﱣڣôߵ, ͷֶ֪Լˣǵöඪ
ǵðɣ̺ɰһˡ
һõĴ˻ȷе˵ǱСĹʮ꣬Сһ꣬Ѿһ꺢ӵˣࡣʵͶʮţҲͶʮ꣬ΪڹʣǰԼЩ
ʦ䭵ĴεͿʼ
ѧú档
һη·һΡǰѧʱЩ£ֻҪѧˣӻͻסһӶԴǲѧˣֱ鲼֡
ûãѧַиִȷʵһҲû̿ʼ£Ϊ֮ǰҪȼòϡ
ڵȴʱȽԼɰ
ͼûѧֻѧҶ
ĿУ濱һ㣬ͤͤԶ۶ɡȻˣԼһǿԵġ
ʽˮƽѾӽ˴˵С΢֮Ŀ˾ϸĵزѵӦ֣򵥵ĻѲ£ϵĻϸܣžȣƯ
⼫ˡ
Ǻɻ𣿲İ
˺ɻںװ׼´˺Ҷٸ濡ۿ̫ɽˣҹ΢ˬʳţȥ鷿濡
濴һȥݳϰļ㣬ûüţͱ˶˼ſڡ
ǣ߳ǰô£˭
̺ɽԳּҶүҵܷˣ˵Ҫҡǰ
ү濵ĸףܷˣҵλܾ˵ֶŮ
䭵ô£춼Ҫˣš
㽭䭻켣ôںڣҲ֪ǰ͵ġǰǰ൱ںϢ֪ͨڼȥĵ¶
ȶԷظͬ⣬Լ˾ʱ䣬š
ʱţǺ
ôãţ˵Ȳɼļȡ濵һĽУȫ
Ϻ֮ĽȻѰǰֱףǱ˴˶ף˭žʹ˵ͷ
䭵粻ƫƫǲδǱнչˣּһˣ
濵ϴǰʧ񣬻м¡Ǽô˵ɡ
ЩˣȥԼ㡣
˵á
̺ɵ˷ԸСܻȥšɫԿλ̿ѾȫĳŷĽɫв԰ˡ
ϻϵʱ򣬽䭾Ϳģ
ϳʺܷʱ¶˵Ҷüϸ񣬴ȹ·ʱСԵùٿ٣üĿһ㶼֮ǰͽҺıˡ
տţδֺ߽źѵò濶ʤǰˡ
濣ǣɣһ˿ӡͱҲʹʮ꣬濲Ϻܶࡣ
ֿԱߵĽ䭣ĵ⽭ŮȻ·ݻҲѹλṴ̊ɫð֮踡
濵
濺ͽλճλ·һûǫó˼
ߵɫѿҪ˵ʲôȴԲǵĽԼЦְˡ
ʱ䣬ʰּҵֶһһ
ǰּҵѣµĽéүӽ˴ƦӱȥۣһѾȥ˰ǲ濣ȴּ峤ľ¥ȥ£ڽ˺϶췴ĿɳˡǶһűһ
˭֪û죬ְּҴ峤Ů˽ͨħץҲӽУۿҲˡּҧ֮£֪ҧ˭
£ּǼܲż켱ȹϵϡ
֮£ֻ³Ӷѹεһ棬ߴ濺ͽ⡣
Ȼ˵ģ͵ó˵̬ȡ`ˣҪѼ䡣
ûȿڣ㱻䭳Դϣ¾˵ƨͷţһۼǷǮƵġ
䭿ɲںŴϵּҵ۸С濣ҲѲ˳ֵɣһ
⿴һߵӣȷʵһ
ûӣǶ濵濶˼ĸ״ǰΣˣҪȿ
˵ĸ׵Σ۾ϵĸУ
Īмη壬æᣬЩǵȷŮ죬޹š
ŭ̫۰ף
濰Ƕǰˣضŭĸȥ󲻾ã׵ȷͳĸ׵ּ֮Ů졣ѱѰء
ŭ˿濣Ҳ֪濵ġĸʬδȴĸ׵˽Ʒݣܸɳ¶
жָּҵһȺѪݰһͨնȻƷǵöջ
ѽôѳƺӡĸΪ̧ۿһۡ뽭㲻Ҫĺ˿ȻʦĸţٲñƭĻŭŰɣ
ѽ챿˺Ľ
ֻ䭿ϣڵرʣ֪ںδ
ϵ⡭Ȼһ֮
ЦĶв濣
ϵȻǡңֻЩ濶顭
䭴ϵʲô£
ϱ壬ʿˮҡ
䭵С
ͬ⣿İۼδȬջţһ߻֪ʲôأ˵ŵӾ֪ᳳܣܻܣһϲҪأ
ḧֱû¡
ֶϵ밢䭲ֱ˴ˣ²̸мɻ䣬ұѽڴ˳ȥȡ
ϵͷá
ӻߣҲ
ϵͷ·û˵
ѽһסһһߵﲻߣδޡҲߣôѲҲҪ޸Ǽӣ
˵㣬㣬H
ǾͱﰭۣûҶּԽԽûˣ
ѽֱӰϳǰԺֱȥŷ
濵ˣˣ˵ɡ
δ䣬ϡͨһڵϡ
濶ϰ壬Ⱦ¶һҪȾ¶


84 
ΨһֶŮ
濵¶˺£
ϵּ峤ħ, ҪֶŮƷ
üħ̣Ʒּ˴治
峤ּ
ϳҭҭص֪峤ͼħ̵ţһͣ峤ĸС˵, ¶ϺõļƷаɡ
濵ּҸң峤һҲʥ飬ʱ˳ţɥĲԼѪ
ĿǾص¶, ڵǲֻħȺ, 棬Ż¡
ִ˵Ŀŵȫִͬ˲Ź, ھΪʷ, Ȼȱ¡
ħȴ෴, ǱŹȴΪ˵ȡǮƲ棬˼ްΪ޳ܡҪǺ͵Ĺմ˱ߣؽܵȫ˵ȫҡȫ嶼ܵǣ
ϵ峤˽, ΪĿĲֶεСˡԴ򳤷, ӵܾ, ˼£ʮ, ҲͿͯͯĹ, Ҳеѧּҵϡ
Ƕ, 嶼šҺּļױ, ҲΪ֧ˡнʿֻֻ飬֪ģло٣ȴȥƵأ˹¡
½Ҳ֪
ֵúܴ󣬽䭵ּҵʱȫ֪ˡ
̣ʱڷҲ㸻󣬵Ϊ˹˴ҵϴĻ䣬Ҳڷݱ˵ǣ㽫ŮּšŮ޸йˣϣŮܰ˵µĵλҫ棬˵ټҷˡ
㻨ȥҵҵǮۺ졣
ҽǮһΪһݣֺСһݡϴԼһݶױȥּҡֵܶԴΪǮϷ˻ﱱ̡
³ѶԲ֮ոǿ̵ֵ·ɽˣֱɱ·ɴϾ£ӵһ
Ҷֳ̼游ƣֶʫ飬ֻǲϲ壬ҲǰŮŴҲƣֻˣྴҴȻӣȴҲ޴֡
ҵǣڶ̥ʱѲȥһʬ
Ůͷռ˭Ҳ֪ǻʶʤϰܣ˺Ҳ·Ѳ֮ǰѾһЩšʱѣڻʶʱ򽫼Ůһĸİš
ȥ֮ԼһƭҪƭļױССʹϻ۳ȣĸµͻţűסһЩ
ּ˲ҪΪǮʲôóɼħ̹ᣬţҲʲôϡ¶
ôˣĸȺ嶼кл˻۶ࡣ
ϵ峤Щ꽥Ѿ̰ͼƸҪӳϣ˲żš
濵ӦǼΪ֮£ε֪
ϵ峤أһɽҰϵʿκ˲֪֮Ұͳ峤ĳ͡ҵѾߺ峤ŷã˵һϵʿˣ˵Լŵ
ü
ŵǲϹֵȫôʶ
ѽǡ
ֺֻݣƫƫŷǷ˵ʷǳѧرԡ
˵һŹСඥ˰ڹ΢ˣƾհһṦķӴָ֡˵֮ȥ鸣³ҡ
鸣뱱ʼԺ鸣ԷƣѧҲȫڳ浱ʮͷɮԹȻײɮ¶Ʋ¾ˣõΧɮ˵Ρ
³鸣ٿ۾ᣬеֱϣȫȵĻˡķҩһҩٶɮ£һλϺˡ
ʮĹ۲죬ϺбȱΪȴΪ̰ȫɽôִϺ֫ˣϺаȫԼһ
Ϻй䲻ͣȴҲûﵽʦزҾʦˣһʱҲŪϵȫʮŪǰʯ˳Ҫʱ䡣ȵҲʱ䡣
һС֪δϪˮԴԴϵˮСٲһСǼӲʯͷҲʯǽнóʪˮԽԽֻһҹĹ򣬾һ˸ߡ
ҪôңҷȥҪôͬھ
ϺеһȴԼ֮£ֻðҪඥ
ɴ鸣յġඥǡඥһ˼ݴʣйѧġඥ
ȫΪıʮ꣬һ֮ʣ鸣µĲ֮ء
û취ϺֻŴ
΢ɲˡϺ°ŪˣתΪˡ
ɵȫǲģߴϺиඥߴαϺˣһغȫϺ೤ºͲŵסС
ۿȷʵ޷ඥȫŰϺзˣв˵ǸҰйй¶ȥͰϺ͵ԾҲȥ
ϺڴӦ
Ȼȫ֮Ϻлص鸣ȥԺ˵һСȫҲֵ½֪ͬʱϺ͵Ծ¶Ҳ˳
ȫΪ˶鸣º˵׷תȥһСۼҡʱ鸣ʮջ𹤵ĵȫǴĥʵҲѰ˸ǿȻϰڹˡ
֪Ȿ鸣¶Сǻķʽɵȫô롣ȫΪΪϺСඥʱؿ˾
ֹʮ꣬ȫɱ˵۹˵۵书ؼͶħ̣ŵӡ
У书еƫ¡ʮЧãҲ־ԽˣԽˡʹͬĽͽһˣֻȡ
ʮĻۣѧȷʵѣҲżֳħ̸֣տٴ߲㣬̳֮λ
ڽ䭿ϰ䱾ΪǿϰֻҪɱɱܱǰͨ˳ܶࡣ˶˽ɱȫܻ𣬲Ϊ̣ಫˡϾһ鸣ʮ꣬ڵװʮˣ̹ضǱѰ
ȫһص㣬ǱȽţִ֡
ΪڸǵĹĺۼںҹߣұ߶߶Ĺ£ö֮Լˣиֹ֮˵ֵֹš
ȫ⣬ռѪãΪԳ١Ҳ֪ĵҩﶼʲôȻûԼ
ᣬǵص׷ɱ֮¶ͻʦ֮˹ܡȫΪԲ֮ҹصܸ˶ӴԺ㽫ԡõҩ֮ոԲ֮ҹ


85 
Ϊóù֮˵ɹƭ, ȫּϷܶаħõȫмɷ
ȫţ˵, оķ䶼жš̩̺¸˵
濵ȫڹƻ󣬷ʤСںδ
еζз԰Զʱܵ
濵ܷСôҴ
峤, , ԼΪδֹ԰γҲΪƹ֮£㡣һˣĸҡ¶¶԰, Ѽδ, Ҳ֪Ƿ⡭
濳Ĭ, Ȼȥ˵£һᾡ飬ģᱣС
û׼ߣ
ϰ, ֮ǰ峤, ĺ֪顣Ҳһ, լԺˡ
濴Ļ, ֪ˡȥ¾Ͳˡ
ϼ״, Բ, ֵϵʿȲÿԲ֮ҹһѾȥԺСڶ㲻ǰ峤˵Ժз, ҲڹԺﲻŰɣҿ˲⣬ϵʿаҵ¶Ҳ
濵ͷãһȥ顣صġʵұЭδ˳ħһȥȥ԰ݷáѽڣ
ѽں֣ܿͷ˻ȥ
ϼҲˣֻò鲻Ը뿪
䭱һ۵ľŪͿˣʵ濣˵ܾЩԾ
䭵ֱǶԵġ
˵˵桢߷ּ٣̫̽ͽ
üȻˣΪλҪȥּң
濵˵ﲻϣ˵˽Ҫ棬Ϊ˴Ŀģܻ˵øأ߼ԷΣö˵²ƾ졣ȥһ飬õġ
ˡ
ǰҲܶˡЩˣתĳµʱ򣬰ǰȺ˳΢һ˳򣬱ʵȫЩתԻʱ򣬰ô΢һģɰһòȡֵķӡ
䭵Ҿ˵ﲻԡûƭˡ
濵ϵ͸СһЩϷ̰ȴֵС˽ȴҪ档һֱΪҸײŸ߰˶ܸнʿԼ˹̫̫ЦĿŵ۸ңټϵ̺ĸҵУҡܾ˵ֶŮŲмֵȴ̼£ҽãܵЩʵݡϧҸ˶ûС
ֻǺʧ
濸ǡʧ
ҹԺ˱㷹䭺ʱľ˫ֽס˵濣ɺҲСʱȥ㡣
ŵɫ΢΢ôԶ£ȴˡ
ϷĽǰ㣬֮ľ룬ѽ˼ѹǻΣԼһأ
¸һ׳Ҳоõȵߡ
ԽԽջ󣺡濽㣬µֻгͷΪţֲҵĿǷ
濣š
䭲ŲܣͶʱͷס˽ߵĴꡣ
Ĵҹûǣ濾ҧһȥ⡣
䭺٣ս£ϣҷ̽ԡΣ⼸Ӳ㣬Ұϴ
ƫͷܿȵĺˣԼԡ
õõġһۣǴſĹӡ⼸⣬ӷٲά裬ԼԡΣѽΪ͡
濵ַļϣֹԽԽ䭣ԡ
ûµģһԣұ֤ģͰҵʹ䭿ߣ濣㶼֪ж༵Ѿߡô꣬ǿԿôÿ㣬ԸͬһءȴԶԶһҲܡҲģҰ걳磬𣿡
򴽣ںδ
䭵֣֪ʱס̵¶Ĵ䡣
֪Ľᡣֻһܳȥ
䭺ԩ˼һʲôû
䭺зִ磬ûֱȴҲûзִ磬ơ
δףˡ
ڽ䭵ĶУ濾ܾС¹һ𡣼ֱ˷
ϧһӲǰչ¶书϶Ը޸֮Բûǿ󣺡һòãұֻ֤Ǵ걳ᱡ㡣
⻰˵ӵĵϷ֮
ڽִ˵УҲˡҲˣ̹жûϵʱûٺ͹ѧУ໥걳ⲻǺ
Ժһ濲ŴƵĻ棬ͷһȣæ˹ֹסûѪ˵ҡ
ֻº͵̬ȼᶨο󣬶ҡͷܾ
䭾һֻû͵ȵĲèأ档
ֱ͵ſڵʱԲĵ׷ţ治ҪҰæһ԰㻻ӡ
䭣
濺̧
ŷԼ̫ΡڹŴŮ˵¶ǲܹϵģЦ衣ؿڳˣҲ˵˵
æҴҴˡ˵»ĴӲģҷģ㲻Ҫ⡣
ƫͷһߣ
䭿治ˣʱͬЦˣϰѸģԺһע⡣
üԴЦ
Ϳŷɫָ˹Լ°ͣʵʵǰֹء
Ȼʱûл̹Ϊ˵ܣȴҲѡҪǰģչʾʵԼǰԼ
ʮʱ򣬺ͬͬסһݣ򳿿̫磬ֻһޡǼһˢϴСⶼܻ䣬ûƨɱȱȴС
䭣յغǳβסҧгݵ
䭱濵ŭŵúʦ֣ȶЩ㹴ڹĵˤһӡ
طãͨƢ濣һŭɫȵ˵Ҫ뿪ʱҪ
ܰ߳ŭҲֻнˡ
һЩ˵֮ͬ¡
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濸һ΢Цת˶
ѡ
Ų᲻صشſϣǴڽϣŵһ
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࣬סԼҲĶ
õ濣
ԭʧЦ̶̾һεס΢
ѵֻ꣬ɱȵ.ͽѶˡ
ϲȴҲΪѡ
ںδ
Խ


86 

ԡʱ, ߳⡣
һԡĶȥеĲ࣬תͷͥԺ
µ, ⣬ǴСȥ
һһɽ֮䣬һ۵ͲͲΧɫҶԵúۡ
סͲԵʹ˸ɾ, Ÿ, żһͰͲ˽űϣᶶ˶ű, ͲԱ߿ҶС
ԭͲסĵط, ¶糤Ľֱ
ס, гһͨڵķ
ڲͥԺʱµġۡ
䲻ǱҲһϺõĽ
վֱߵĿյϣͷߵԺǽ
תͷһ˲䣬һ뷢סɷǵϵʿ÷Ծ, ǽͷ
ϵҲһ
Ṧ߾, ۿҹĻ, Ŵס̴ӵԺ, һ˲ҹ, 书, ԼҺԺΡ
ֱͣǽ, ҪԺʱȴԺУһϮµŮֳֳ
ϵһæסΣϾɲ
ҹ𣬺ʱө
ŮԱ߼ɽϿŵСʫƽ٣ָĨ⻬Ľ̾Բҹ죬ҹɫβ֮ķ
ȡ
˦ϸ΢ȴ
˶һۡ
Ǹ֡
о룺˾ࡣ
ʦõıǽ԰ٶ͸ִ죬òľȴȲԭ彣
ϵʿǰ벽ʦõıƵķ˿Ի˿Ƴɣһ˿ܳǧ
ʦ
ϵʿʮϲ೤
ཻ޽֮Ψ΢ķ
յ΢ߣˡ
ոǿߣľײͭӣͳԶ
߽֣粻ۼƹԲ𵴣ʱγգһ졣
ˣһǳ׷ɱ뱻׷ɱ֮УϢĴɱ֣һǼùͬһ㳣ڡ¶ۼħǽ֣ϰϢڲԼȴԼͬʽֺݾ
̺һͲиֳ֣Ծݶ鿴ǽں˴ܣֿһŵƹԺĵʦأûԼʲô¶˵һҲ򲻹ûСආҪʰǴ˸Ƿȥéֻط˯ȥˡ
ڴϣ˿ѿһˡ
ʱû·ƣֺģΨżһ¹⣬ȴûֱƲڸǡ
䭳˿飬ֱϵʿҪ
ϵʿҲƴȫ֣ܲ͸磬䭣ˣܿ˿˿¹·ɫӫ⣬һǾ綾
˴Χǽ򵽴֣Ӵִݶ
̶ʮϢʱ䣬ѾϰС
һҪϵʿϵʿȴǾɲ
ţϵʿĳһк˾룬æͣգ
Ҳ֪ҹ׼һһܵ׼ʦ˻пܣƫƫǵȫϼ޻֡
£
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˻
ϵһȫ亹
һָΪ΢⣬Ǵ˵жʦ벽ɲй
ֻааŮЦеصգҲ֪㴳뱾Укͼı
ϵʿشֵⶼҪҪɱˡֻˣŲŵδޡ
ϵʿ
ſħͷӻ޷Ůħͷ˭
ϴĶðһĸ֣о֮У
֮ǰ̽ʱμ̩̺濵δޣȷʵòǣģҲǸ̰ĽٵķǳŮӰˡʮ꣬Ů˲ʲôòŮû
֪ŮӾһɲĸ֡
书ɣҲ֪ǻ˶ţѲǰʦ
ۼ̧Ҫæס֣һԣ
䭲ų֡
ģţĥûʲôӰ¡ּĽź
ϵʿƶðݣðֻ˵Ƶҩۣһ
䭵Ȼ֪濳Թ߹ҩĵҩۼδֻǿʮһι޲Ҷãҩٰҩ
ҩģ濻һöĵڻڴͷء
ȷе˵ߵߵĥķۣټϱҩƳɵҩۣ˵ĿС˵Է޹ߡ
˵ߵ࣬С˵ߵƹҪ͸ˡ
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ЦһȻ
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ħ̡аɣһǾƲڵģ
һʹۣ
һʹ㣡
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ˣԷôߣԷᡰ㲡Ҫ͵ͱնݳ
һȺ͵ʳһ˭¶ƣ̬ಶ߱ػץסʱӵϷֲʳ
ǽ׳֣ڴʱ򡢴Ķǰͷ⣬ҲƣԷ棬ܿշܡ
ԣаħ·꣬䭴ˣ
׷ɱΧʱ±ˣþҲҧװ磬ŵȫȫʢ֮ڣ͸
ֻһķӣöԷɵ֮Ƶ߲ҿ
濣ۡ
Ʋڴ˿һ˿һԥ
źǣܽϵʿ£ڽռϷ硣
ˣ»ΪͶ¶ԷѡʵЭȻǲ֪ħˣһˣֻڶԷгΪһֻš޷ķһˣҲ
ϵʿ˵ƽľУǷɡֱǷƨ
ħŵĸ߲㣬˼թ޳֮ͽĸ꣬޿ܿԼ붨ƽľԽߣԽ߻ħûƽؼҩûпܽʦ
ĿħʦܡǷɡ
ضıѾá־ڱصã
뵽˴ɱŷ


87 
ϵʿ޿ֵ, иһּɵЦͱˣͲҽ
֪㡣ŵϹֵȫ
в, 
֪֪˭
ϵʿȫݺšü˭
ȫΪ䭻˵˭֪䭵԰ɵ˭֪ҷźݻǲǻòͷˣ
ʱ䡪ԡ, ٵˡ
ὣϡ
Ȼ, ҲáĽϡĳһֻó߳ɡ
ȫԷģħͷа, һʱҲܻ, һԻķ, һУתͷܡ
ܵķլ
ҹСС᲻õͣйâܰΨдլԺĳЩԺ߹ң
լ, Ժɢº͵Ĺ, ںҹôۡ
ڻ谵ҹ, ȫɫҹһץס, Լɼɫǰż, ʱʱֵĹȡ
䭸һֻɫ, ҹ½׷ᡣ
ȫһ찵Ӱ
䭲Ųʲô, һɫ˺£һһźɫĴסӭİӰͨͨС

ϸСײ΢Ľ
ȫҲ⣬ֻܳԺԽ
լشŵ̺ɣ֪ǵ꽣¥õİɱ֡ԭô֮ѸʰȻҹʼղӰ
һ㣬ȫԽլңԺҪԺܶ
ʱУС
˴˴
һͷȫ̩̺ŵ濣ڴ
ȫһϲӣΪץס濡ץסǯͻȻðĴʦ
һĨٻӰʩʩڴߣڵĹ֮¡
̧ͷ
˻
ȫһۣŵṦƹ
˫
ô᷺ŽɫĹ⣿
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ȫһʳ߶סȫѪҺ١
Σգ
˭
˵۾
ԭԺĵȫ֮ǰѾŤת򳯶ѽڵԺ䱼ӡ
ǵģӡ
ʮ꣬켣ʮ꣬ϷϵһٵߣԹƣΣʱųԽ˵ֱ
ǸˣһΣˡ
ղһۣ˵ģ濰ôŷ˵ۣôµƣ
ѵ
ˣѹƤ˳ڣѹսδ޵Ĺߵòˣ
˿϶ﰡ
޵꣬ŵĹͬʱѧһı£Ⱳӻû֣վˣ
ﻹҶ˵鷳ôûƨŻŵæŻȥҷ䵹аȥˡ
ǵ£ΨһһɱʦˣҲִֹᣬϹʵ۵ĽǵʮڴĮ磬ܱ߽ɳɱ֮
ȫ̰űһߣһ˻ͲЧ
ԭĽ䭣׼˱ߣѳ֣·ȴȫһתȥ˶ԺǱӰǱ
䭣
ĳա
ŵϹв濣תˣԺ˵ڵķܡ
룬ɱ𾪶˹˵ʱñŹ˼ʦͽôˣ
һţһԽԺǽ׼ڷܵƬϣȻ򿪵ȴԼɫµӰ
ꡪ
䭽һͣйһ˿ˤȥŵƬǷ΢졣
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̲סЦа˵
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ֻһ¡
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濼кƣָסŶƿĪҪ֣ЩԡˮҪˡ
ֻܰݡ
ԡͰеʱԻζŷŵܡ
ǳǣ濶Եʮֿƺ

ܴиܵӣȴҲϣܷ⣬һ̰ΪʲôôΪɫǻô
˰
ǣԼΪξͲ嶯ʧأ
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䭻ദϸڣƶҲ顣
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ΪѶĶ飬ŻҲ̣򡭡
뵽˴䭴ڵ⡣
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濲ͷ΢΢ͷʡ
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ӵ̬ǣһ˿
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֪˶ãڷſԭǳĴɫ޺죬򴽽ǣǰðɡ
濵ͷ
䭼Թɡ̬Ķɨֱ߷óļɽҪˣСĵʵС˵ˣ۾ЩѪܿ۵Ĺ⡣ˣƹۣۡ
á
ֵУС˵֮ǰҩ̫ãҩڸΣʧ⣬úҩˡˣղš㵽ûۣ
ʻͷȻƬ̤
üһϷ߳϶ࡣ̺ŪЩ׽
ôʣȻûˡ
һ
Ĺв֮ʦˣṦһƹ
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ʵ֤˵̫ˡ
ϣ濵֮ǰ˵֮ͬ£䭿Ϊҽ󣿡
䭣
ӡ
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88 
һֽ, ͵¾ؿ
ߵʮ׳ӱŵЩ˻ϯضӡţűߡվš
, ϣԱߵİȣΪתһ԰Ǳ߸Ϣ˵ϻڵҲˡ
ϻڹҸŮ, ͹ӵĸ, ³󶼽ûˡ°󣬻ϣֳ·ܳԶš
ԭϻں͸Űؿͽ, ·ѡ³Թʹǳ, Ǵ, У˽Ҳ
ʮǷ֮类ƣرڳΧѾѼˡŻȥϻڵ𽥹ƫԶ, ڳмβˡϻڶðͷ, ɼħȷʵЩ޼ɵˡ
, ħ̶ðͷ, ɶʱ֣
ڵϡϥϷŽ˿󻷵ĺſ, ЦҪС
԰, þûܣֶôˡ
˵ľݴ󺺲, ȣȵŻȥǩһͲˡ
һۣɨӹˣʲô̫˵ˣҪһ򾡣˭Ҵݾ˺˭
Ⱥⱻݺݵؾһ㶼µģЦš
ʲôħ̸ڷݵȵƵƣѾĿŵĵزпܱǾס
֡Ҫ˵͵ἸСĳϵġ
㶮ƨɱħ̵ķʲôͣħ̹Ӳдô꣬û˹ôӣ϶ĻʹҿӺһүү̣Ž԰ϢǿɲҪҸˣϴȥɽΧȺӣˣժӣ
ǣһ
ȳȴۣ˹ҵļ
ܹңȺķ͹üë
顣
ݺһӣƨҸˣȽħ̣ڳĻָʹٷƵ졣˭ôšǲҲ棡
⻰˵ģţ
ģ
Զԡ书ħ׾١
ħʲô齭Ҳڻ£
˷׷ױġ
һȺϴ֣ƨûˮƽֱ׵Ρ
ƤȳǽѾϰˣֻɵطԸҪ£ٴζǸλ
Ⱥ˳͢Ľˣܲ˾ԼûеϵҲڱֵطСͷĿְλ
õĳ·̲µ׷鰸ȡȻǽϰأѱùǺãס
ȻţԶϾӹϵʽѽǳ͢ٻӵܡҺˣĸҲ׽׵ĹͷܱȡĹҲҴڣɣؽҲĶ֡ǿã̲ίָȺç
;Ż˺ãϹٰؾǹؽ¡׵ţΧ˶֪ԩҲɲ岻ذҵŻӡջҢ飬ǣʶ˴̼濣ѽڽӸ㣬ϴԼֽ̳̲
˵Ҳ֣վãϴȴû˵еġֹ罣ͬΪҢĺѣҢȴƺҲûܡֹ罣ʶ½ħɿǣߣˡֹ罣е鱨԰̽ħˡ
ɵλڱ֣˻ʵ۵֣аѴϷħ̵鱨¼ʮ꾡ǰ̫ӣ̫˵ֹ罣˵а˱չأʵͰȳ²֣챱ָ£Ųħ̶
ֹ罣㲻Ͷ̫ӣ
˵̫ӵ͵£ɵ껹ӵʱΪµ˶һȲΣֱ濵Ķͽȥɽҩҩ̫念ࡣɴ˿ֹ罣ȷʵ̫һס
ֹ罣ȸְЭơģʱԵٸЭΪľǽħһ򾡣ôΪ˼ħ̸־ͳ֣˴أ
֮ǰΧɽħ̣ǰĩȺħħ̱ѹǱ밵СǷɢ䣬䣬͢޷ɱΧˣֻ׷飬һѹħ̵ռ䡣
֮Ϸײ˷ˣʵ书ΪȻЩ䷸ħͽ
һΣ̫ûɳפǳ˱ֵϷֻħ̹ᣬϷĽ˼ûеõϢ˿̣ǽأԷΪģϽĸȫбˡɡ뱤ꡢ塢ɻɽʾ¡ۡ˵ɳиֻ֣ǲ֪Щˡ
ŶȣİתŻüĿôǸɵӵܡֻҼħ̵ͷĿֵʲô޷Ҳһ֮͡ħѡµ죬ʵ۱⣿ֻһ򾡣ħ𣬷ܱ书һۡ
Ӧŵ

ǡ

ܼ۽ǣṦȴҴݶϹֻϽɣسɴ硣
ҴҸϵԺԺſȴͣµ˵Ƶܼ˴˻ҳվ֮ŽԺӡ
Ժڴɨ廨ʹӣڲԺͤεŮԼڰеĹ˵Ŀ׷ϣǹܼңЩעĿת˲ʧˡ
ܼߵԺ鷿⣬Ҫʱͣ˲ˡ
Щ
һ羫µĸ˿żܼ߳ҽػ
ܼ΢΢ͷǡ
ܼ߽鷿ʱ򣬿һī̵Ӱǰеëʸʱɽϡ
ǹףࡣ
ףӰվ£
ֻǾվǶһͼÿһ˿͸ʵ
òȻǾɫվ˲ֱӣֱӱһ¡
ʮɫʮţʮķϣʮǣȻ˵ꡣ
ǽǰǱŵı㹴ţѬ̫ãԶ´޵ķ顣
ܼ¶꣬λķ־£Ӳиҹ㡣ͷˣŻӵˣ˵һŽ¹Ŀ
ӳƺΪµģֻˡ
ףûСţ²ڸϣ
ܼҵ˵ˣŻӵ˵²Ҳ޷ű㽻˹Ŀ
ףã֪ˣȥɡ
ܼ뿪ףɨһۣƬ̺ݸǸˡ˻⣬ӹҲһ飬֮ȥͭյøɸɾˮ
˵ŵ²Ǳڸн㣿εӵǴ󣬲±̫֪ҹ½ؼ
ףЦܲ£Ǳ߳£̫һʱز˰ˡؼΪûʲôһݶٵظɡֻҲЩźõ²ꡣ
˵ŵؼΪϱ߶ħ¡ǻŲأȴ̫Ū˷䵽߶ȥ


89 
ףѪյ, ֱǧ裬Ȼԡ˵̫Ϣ, ֻ·СšƽŮã̫ҲͲк֮ǣȻҲپСˡС㼱еæ, ȥɡ
ȴЦֺС, ͷ
ףЦгǺ¡
˿˿ɫʣˣŸ׼ʲôģ
ףüҶ˶, ķŰ, ̾Ϣ׼÷, ھˮһɡ
Цˣ˼ȻҪŵ£ֺαزɿڣõƢ
ףڰ£Ŷͷ˿, , ܳҪȾ, ձҪȥٲˮˣǹô, Բͣ
Ц㾫, Ƿչ˵úá
ףҡͷЦɱ˷Ż, ֶ˵úá
ֵǷ˵ѾߣһӶǷ˵, Ȼŷˡ
һתֵµô꣬ȬˣǵսϵİҲûȣԵ˲ƢθҽҲ˵ˣƢθöˣʦ֣񣬷ʵΪ̫˼ǡ
һʦ֣˵ʱսܹˣôҲǻΨһĴ󳤹˫õҽţõҩţ˱պǻ㽿ˣ
ǣһǿˣʹҽˣ˼θľ˰ˣֻƤˣ˲޺֢ҷŵûڶûһƵģµ¿ĵˡˡ
ףѵҲңһѪۣ㲲԰ף˺ˣܲϧƴãƼ꽥ߣúñЩֵĥˡ
ֵ˶Ե¾ذūﲻֻ˿ԼҲˣֻŵ£˼Ը
ʱѪգ֮ǿʤ۶̡ıԣͲǿˡЩ겻˵˵ǧټ۰ˡҲˣôĽ棬ҵǵСȥˣ
ףЦſһۣ˵˶˵Ȼù±߹ؽʿҿأһߵС֣󽫾
˵մңվΪ֮ȫͻģҵĹңҴá
ֵˡѾ簮˺ŮŮûôġҢô޷죬˳蹫ȣһ
ףݲɳӣˣ͸۶ҲǶңվݲģֻίԼңҰˣĲ˳
ȥףͲΪĽͱƲΪùūһȺȨתߣ²ظ
ףͷϼֵǵǵ֮һ
֪뵽˺£ĵЦš
һΣһǻôֻΪȥһΣҶΪߵ¡֪𣬺֣˲ʶ䱦УǺε֮£»ȪԶ֡
𣺡ôͺˡ
дһ˿Թ
ף̧ͷһĨӰŲĹ⣬Щ̵ۣů
վӭȥ
»ˣ
ÿֶ͸Ļϲ
߽ˣڿ壬ſڵ˴ɫķͷͷխ䣬ֳ崺Żõצ䣬һε١
üĿ̬Ƹռڵ⣬ֻ۽ǵϸԣʱİ˼ֳ
ضףֱ࣬Ļ́ۺĶԼᶨƵسԼ߽̲ס˴ǣй¶ĵ׵㡣
ףǽ϶ĸ輧˫ôȥˣ̬Ծɶˣµĳ
ǰŽϵ÷꣬ÿһ˿ϸꡢÿһ΢磬˵˰յǣҡ
ݣǰֱ׵⣬˼¶ǧĲÿһƬҶꡣ
ӯӯʣδϡ٣Һ޾硣Ҳñӵֶ£κʱѳˡɵ£ҵģ
ڹֵʱ򣬾ĬشӲ˳ȥʾ뿪Ժ
дʼնֻףһˡ
ף꣬壬û˿֮繤ʻеһɽͱȻţŵķҷ
Ůӣдᣬմ¶ˮ¿һҲĽۣοһĶϵ
ףĻһ˿ңرǿף󣬵⽣Ӱ治ɫ΢΢ü·ҲΪеһ˿ʹ

ף῿ĻУߵ£֪ˣ
ֻѰ˵ǰ㡣˸еһ˿ί
ͦεıӰ࣬С§ڻУͷ
ߵԶԶģӵĶˣ̵ֿʼˡҪӳˡ
ʮˣǳһףҲ塣

ԭǸӡ
ٴǰǡ
ʮǰں濷ֱһ𣬾ͼҪᵹ¥
Ȼʵòӡһ»꣬Ҫ⵹Ȼļأ
ߵ죬ĥƽǣʮ֡
ԣȻּ峤̣һʹȴȻӵȴᡣ
ȥָ·ϣЦŶ濵ֱĸоСʱ򿴹־С˵иʮ˻ŶΣǴֺв˻飬ǴĪ书ɾ书֮۸ķͨͨھǸ۸˵Ĵɣ˵ǻ᲻ʰңʱ᲻Ụң
濵ǲҡ
䭵Ϊʲô
濵ǡ
䭵˵
濵ᡣǷ
䭵
濵ûм衣ǲᡣ
ڲٺʣ濴սЦΪΣնɱҡ԰ɣ
ָ̧գԡһᶼûС
䭵ôҰһΣգ
˵ǡ
ĴָĦ򢣬óɱĿδԸԧ첻ɡ
˵黰ʱºͣƶԻзǳþõġ
Ȼŵģ秵ģᡣǽе
˱Ůˣ˵Եý䭾һȻȻζ˵ʲôôȻ
Ȼ濵ĴǾʹЦ
ȡѽѵϣǵˡ


90 
䭺, һۿľſվŵļҶ
䭼ֱ
濶ϸϸ˵ˣǸأŪףǲҪǰΪλ˵£
һ˵ʱƲ׼, ӵѶȣ
ּҶˣΪʲôû壿
濵ּȺݶִֶָ峤һãô޿, ˵Ժﶼˡ, ²£
ݺὭʮ꣬ʲôΣûΪʵã˷ʮ, λʦ, ܻסˣ
üë, ɤϿ˼ҲŲ£濽ҲҪ£ɽ𺣣˼Ҷ㡣
ĵǻסֻñ¶ԼṦˡ֮ðһͷ˿ˡ
ȴ֪, ǰ, ˼дڰֽһԡ
ЦЦ, , ʲô¡
ҲЦãҽձ밢ͬˡ
ͬһ, ȴֻǱߡ
˵ָ, ʵһ԰֡
԰ֵĸһʿԸ
ּӦǼƷλнǮĶˡ
ֻ԰طưܲ, ɣϸ΢߲һ֪ûı˵ȱٱǮôһ԰ӣˢɡڼɣ軨Ǻܸ߰ġּڻԻʱںЩǮڵּҾȱǮġҲգħ̹ᡣ
ӴǵǴǰ濹ϵȽϺõͬ塣
˵ǹϵãʵҲǵûô۸濡Աֵͬ˰ˡЩһЩּӵܡ
һнڵ濺ûǡ
ԺԶԶأһԱĽ¡뷢׵ȵһͷһֻССӾ͹ȱߵ¡
ѽڼˣڶֻ
ֻּ峤ĵճӣҲڽعҴү濵Ǹˣµˡ
֮˵ͽéһ䵽У˵ȥ޺ӵ̡ȴվܹģȻ˻޿֣֪Ǳߵ·ˡ
ֻ⿴ǣûдкҲûдͣسǿһۣתԺȥˡ
üֻôˣôûòͲתˣ
濿ҲӰгز²⣺ǵ뷨ֻ۲û߽塣סԺʮ˱Χ˴ԺУĿĴɣȻҪȥ峤
ĵʮˣ壿
ŶȷʵԺΧΧסˡ
濸ΪЩ˶ͨˣּΪװȰ˶ŪΧءһģ·֪ոɵĵ͵ȵֶ֣
ָظһֱõġ
õģ֣㱩¶书ݡЩķС£һһһá
ֻ֣΢̵ģԼ
Լ˵ڣﶼ㣬йģ
ڱ׵Ļʱض̲סա
ȻҲãɽǣߡ
ȣһտĴһȺͷ̫̫ԱվһȺŮ
ôˣּ˵ϻȫˡ
мλϣһߣͷȫˣƣ룬ɫͦãûгĺ֮УȡĳüףҳԼ磬һ˿ԳִüĿ
ұߵλš
߸šǰͽϴ󣬿űߵһЩϾʹһɫ԰׵м俿µλá
濶˴˿̵ľ󣬸״˴ӭ峤ͽ峤ļûǿǵܰ
룬Լֲլ˶ܸоʧ񣬺οأ
ֻǲסǶ֪޴һֿݡ
峤վŵֻ
ֻϣЦдаĿ⿴Щ٬Ϊϲ
վԭûЦúֶܰŮôؽôòŻòѾá
ĵƨոͷռˣкûתߡ
濵峤ˣѲףɲֶơ
ֻѪԵƵ˵ģֶŮԸΪּʣ״˽ձɽֶŮ֮дסֶŮǽȢޣλҲϰɣУ˵δɻ飬סլȲ֮٣ɼڼҽֶ̣ŮӦϼӹ̲ܽǡ
˵ˣԴӦתֻ˵룬ָֻţм価ǰӣˣǺͳԡ
ǴԿг𵱳ǰɱ˲٣ȥɱȥѡ
ЦһǽĻůģҲдϰҵ֣㻹ҿڿָҲ⿪ĳƭ˽..ҵͬħ̹ͯĻˣЬҶ࣡߯
ҵλ϶Էʹ㣬ھͰ峤ɫࡣ
ڳּ˶ɫôӵۡ
񣡡
濣ƽνޣ㲻֪
ΨŮӺСҲ
ּŶڣ¡
ˢ
߰˸鵶
֮ǰǺ޴ڸеվѽ󣬴ҲͨʹһĻ£ּ˲ûǡ⣬ͬ硢´ļҶкüʮء
ȴû뵽ǻ᲻ܲͻȻ鵶
һȺŵּҳŵûæˡ
֮Ũ񣬴˼ҵļҶҲдű׳ƵġͲ˵ˣǮ˼ҵļҶǼӣ״絽źˣʱǮȥѧ䣿νĸ䣬ʦѧ仨ѺܴѰʿҵļҶ಻գ鵶ܵһ˵Լѧ˼ңֻܰʦӣڹѧͽһΪʦΪδʦʦŻڡԹŴʦͽϵ͸ӡĸŮ֮ࡣ
ּ֪̩̺ŵĻҴүץ֮󣬽Ҷ££ŤţһץһΣȫûţһȥ޺ӵˡ
һξ˺д뷱ĽԾƣ˳ʰʰˣĵһʱԾơ֪Ľ죬ϵͳĹٻҡ
ųһ亹ӴԺҲξΪ̫Щװû׸ơӭĹԱóǰƺ󹧣õͷʱһ涼ҪǰٲȻһº͵ʿűЦ꺮ůȫϣҪʲôʲô
޷ҺּҸû취ˡ
ͬʱҲ֪濡̹ᡱѿòҪǡҲˣּоĿŵլ¡
ֻһֱڱ£ûкͻէһ濵Ļεָ濵ˣȵҰˣ
ʮõǹļҶ̳


91 
ֻߵһɫЩ, 磬˵Щ̶ӻǼѪģҪǻԶһЩ
ֻĳ, ϲ֪жֶŹ治֪٣ЦʲôѵҵûѪ濲ּһĹŮˣԶᣬɵɵ, ͬ۸Ҳ֪, ҲǰףһŮȻּҵ̣ұ
ֻ˵˵, ɫ𽥱þ, ָָǰ߰˸
ֵܶ˵֮ʱ, ȺνѪĴ֣ڻǰû߹һغϣһȫһзŵǳֺһǶֶϽţʧȥ˵ֿҽа
ֺò, ң
濸ԭ, Χ, , ׿Ȼ, ֮, ֮ѩ
˵ǰ°ڣԶĬ峤峤л˵
峤ɽ, ͷȫˣ۾̫ס۾ǷۡޱؿǰһУһ㶼ţѱãԹ̸
濵ںδ
峤ɨһϣͷ
峤Ƥ¶˵ףС
Եͣǳĺе˻ƣ´ƽȣÿֱ˵ʱһ㣬Сȴѹּ´ŶɭһŪ顱
濵ѧһسϰġ
峤ü
ֻӾ֮лعѧ˵Ǿǣ
䭵ôÿʮʱ¶ƨɺ棬ʲôһ֪ǰ濶˵ˣȻǣ
濴ʼնֻ峤˿Ҳѵ峤ΪΣ
˵⻰ʡ˫˱Ķûˡ
峤ʲôʱξͻּң±ʲôʱ㡣
濳Ĭ
еڳĬнֿʼýš
ʱ濲ŵ峤˼ˡվͲˣǡ
Ҫߣּҵ˲סġ
ֻԭټȫ¹Ϊ˵˵濷լû뵽һ̼֣ڤ粻飬Ӳ˹ҧгݡ濵뿪ϵ峤ôˣ
峤Ƥû̧濹ֵ֮Ϊ⶯֣²㣬࣡
ֻѽʲôµģеˡ
죡峤ǳ⣬²أӿڳ
ֻˣˡȻһˣ峤Ծӣҫּҡ峤ǰʲôҲǡ
峤˶üֻ̻⣬˶˻ȥ
ڻȥ·ϣߵֻشսֹĸֻôǰôˣ磡
һСΧһߵϹ˵Сĸǽж
βסĸˣʲôЩڻлأĸֻǲҪ峤ʰˣ
ϵһۣ˵̫ˣǸͲִܾģ̫ү˼Ǳ˹ѣˡ
ʧƲƲ졣֪ʲôָˣ峤κβ˹ùãùþ
ϵùҲּܲңҪ˵סмҷùҲȲ㣬ʵʵȥ㿼

ּ߳ҴţѾʣһˡɼмҶȥղŵеˡ
䭵Ϲ֮ǲΪжأҶ׼ٻغˣһܴĶûС
ڽţ˵ֻ̫ΣȭźͶ
濵ǵ̬ȣֻһ塣ּ͡ңԼңξҪˣҲԼҷסФ
䭵ôң̺֮Ͳ
ɷϿرǶЩǿңǿƣԴѹΪаѱشϡ
濵ּҲǿǲ˽ٵ
һּͨ棬ǽװ濳ǡֻҪˣʹﵽĿˡֻһʼĴ濣ԼڽӴ̩̺ŵ϶ö໨һʼγͻʾͻɱ֣ɱֲƻܣ׷ԸղŴָ뿪ʱһ뿪Ȼк֡
ظɽأرǴָ·ᾭҪĵƣҪ֣һ·ٷ㲻ˡ
䭷ߺ޵ϣǹƭ𣿡
濵Ҳ֪
֪Լ𣿻Ҳǲ֪飬濺ּĶ˲˵İΣˡּô꣬װҡȱȫ޹Լ
С濾Ϳ˵ıԣԹۣԱ˵ԼռˣҲֲԸһСĸ̬
һЩʶȴȱ㹻Ŀݺͻ
û̫Ļ۶лɶǧҪʩͬ飬ΪڰԼƵλʱ򣬾ͻΪԾȻҪԭµġ
ȻҲϲûôУû㵽ֻӻЩҪչ濴

ܿ쵽һߵĿأ䭸о˲Ծ
˵ﲻԣֱǰʦܸо˵Ķ⡣
˸޵ĽڣҪѸȥǰ̽һ¡
ȥȥ
ȴͬȥ
䭣ˡ
ֻǲͬ⣬ȻԸͣ¡
䭻ĥʲôһȴ濵ϴɣʱҲ
Ȼʧˡ濼ɱˡ
һͣؿĶסԺ
濷·оھΣĸֱºϢ崺磬ڵ궼
濽ѽڣϪˮ
ѽڵǵģǵϪĶɳˡ
濵ǰɳ£
ѽڵء
濵Ǳߴ˶ˣ
ѽڵϵķԸ˶ʮˡ
ףźţ
ѽӦһǡ
ѽˣ濶Խ䭵ξ鵽ּħ̵ŹᣬҵĽħ̵ķͽԷһش˹ӽصָ·ϣط갫ɽҲǰʺصڸźŻȥɽϲ̽һȻǺãҲ㡣
գգۣм־ȡÿ춼һ𣬾֪濺ʱЩ
Ҳÿ춼ѽ鷿£һ㶼ãϱϸƵģžͷΣÿʱȥԷӡȥĥóԵģż԰Ļúã˻ƿµĻ֦оȥ滨ֵĸתһȦҫ
켣ʮ꣬ϲ֣ûһطõͣġֻҪ뵽δ濳ףͳڴ
֪ʲôʱʼķѾ濵Ϣ
󲿷ʱ䣬Ӱ룬濲ߣҲߣ
йˊڲࣻ
Էʳרţ
ʳ·ĹѾƻĩȫȨȻǳרҵǿҲ֪Ա
֮⣬֦ĩڵĵط̩̺Ҳһ׳ϵլԼΧġԱᡱչ˵ȫ
ֱգźȻʶĿ֮ڣȫ֮¡żţҲ濵Ƥӵ£һһУһһ濵ƿ֮£ֻ̤һҲҪС
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֮˷ܵסô̼ÿأ
ˣ£ӦĵһʱضëȻܽϢУ˼ܿ£̫ǿ˿ûоԼܵðҲûеԼͲɡ
ʮˣʱƣʱΪԼһӶɱŷţֻһΡ
ܻĿԼʧܡ
еΣСй¶Լ濵Ĺϵŷŵİɱ
еΣһŲڵ֣濾Ա߿ţͣ濿ߣɱŷץס
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˵濵ֶޣ֯©о濽ݲؽҪԶס׼̤һҲ֮¡
ʲô濵Ĺעģ
ʲô濵Ϣϣ
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Ψİ¹ʵá
ţ濵ƿǿγΪһ֮ŵΪأ
ıˮûﶼʹ
ԭ
ڷݳһ׷ɱɣصԶΪľŵ濣ٰæµ»Ҫ˼Լϡ
һеףʮ濴Ӱж
޴ھ纣˰û
ĳϣӭ˱͸ֱָָֻ֣죬ļһ𣬲ںָǵı룬𼸷⡣
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ǮƵİ¹Ҫһ˹ͣôܷأ
ʲôôغС
Դһ㣬ֱӰԼ
ǹڰյң
Ϊӳȥֻ踺ءϣƷڰ濵֮£ɰ衣
޸֮ˣÿտ޿䡢ϴ棬޵ð濲ͷˣͰڴϣΪΪӣ붼ü


92 
˿, ࣬Ƭ̵ʧûüѹӿѪ, ɫȾ˵糺죬嵭ɫĳѵһɬ
ָ޷ûµġ˵˵ҹŵȫп̽˵, ԰֮, ڿĳ춨ˡħڹδ书, ȫⲻΪ, صġ
˵һѪ
ΪȻ
ħ̵˽ɱǿ, Ȼ֪ħ֮䷸Իյǣ䡣ڳ͢˵Ǹ֮ң̩̺ŵ˵ȴֵη塣˵Ȼ˵ȫҲ֪ʲôİ
ĵ, Ҳġ
Σմϡ
Ȼƶ˵ĺ꾫, ʵе䳦Ӷ˿ɱ¥, ڽϵ·, 
ʱǱ, Ͳɵ˷ϻ˷, ضԣˡ
ʮ, нҪ濲ʱͷ˳֡Щͽˡ˵Уֻ·ð˳֣ߺͳಫ̫ҲСһɱˣǺմ״ʱƼռԼıˡ֮Щýͷ۵֮һǻøЩͽĪе
ս뺷ڳԺڵļ¼ʤټСıܿ濵Ĺϵڽ˭Ҳ֪濡
ǺˣˣԹ󱣻ˡˣ񻹲ܹ
֮ĵˡ
˻ߣʱճƣҲ˴ˬĿɰ޻ǡ
ۿŶʱڲܻȥ˾Ϫˮ¶Ӫ緹׼һóһѳʳȾ㷹Ȼ¡¡һƵľ졣
ѽڵܹǱߣȥʲô¡
һѽڻϣǱħ̵Ļ׼ʯţۼ򲻹ˣʯȥ·ȫˡܹڶ溰˵ûйߣ߿µõȵˡ
䭣ΪôǶҾȱô
濵赣ġѽڣ˵һڴ˿յȣ·ؼҡھʯȥйúٲ±ߣʯˡ
ѽڵãϷģܹܰס
һߣͲƽˣ÷üɽͷһʱ·ҵ·խͨ¸شͨ˵·Żȥ
һĵ
һȻͲˣǲ˫ˡ
Ȼɽ濵ĻС
һ·᫣Щطɽ·رͣʮΣգҪСһɽʱɽ紵еζżмСˮ޷ϡ
Ҫˡ
ǾһƬ֡
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ǰķµϢҶƬϣ֦OO@@ҡ졣
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Сˡ
濸ͣҩɲ纮ҩ۾ҩô죿
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ʱۣɡڱɽ䳯
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˵Լɽȴûɣǣߡ
濵ˮҶƬ͵Ҷԣ컹ҹҪ
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ͨ˻ͱŪȥˡΪʦ֣ˣҲΪ˵ɱרϰλܳ߷ëǣɾҲ濵ĵز
ԣ˵ΪµĴǷĵ塣
ǫѷҲƣֻǰԺϲ
濺ȻŵҶ
䭵ǡ˵Ҷݲ裬Ҷ㡣ˮУƬӶҶ裬ɲ𣿡
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濵ǰЩ꣬ҵһʣӦ֮״Һϲ
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˵״ʡһοڣѽ䭴Զ⾳֮һͻ򣬶ȡ֮ģӡû뵽طꡣɼ״Һˡ
ЦӦҵĺ
濵״Դһλʿֻ֮ʱյλʿ͵黭ϧ֪λʿݣ޷л
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濵һˣڻ֮һСϵĻ˵죬лҴ
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濵ҳȥǣʦԻ˱ʦո߳鷨߾ʤ
䭣ܾĻô£ѵµԼ͵黭ˣǲӦð濼ƵģԶ
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ǲж
زˣܾڰʾʲô
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˼ԥҪҪ̻¶
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һȴͬʱźǧذתֻһȻϲ
ʫʸ踳ȹѧô˽⣬Ͼĥ꣬ྭ䵹ûܶġʱûǰḻֻ趼˹ŵζ켣ᣬѰĳʣٶԱԼǰ֪ľ֮׳ǧľжѵá
ĿõĴʾ黭濡Ƿü͵ߣжͣءġ
֪ԼЩƫִǾϵļ
ں
ʮ꣬δһİûƫִͳܲסѹˣ̸ʲô˼ϵĽ
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š
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Ⱦƣȭ
̿տ
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ˣ
֪ˣɫһܾʡ


93 
ΪԽԽ, һɽ±꣬ڵȵͣˣɫҲ, Ѿ쵽ˡ
û̫ɽʱȴѾȫ
Һʣµ·ƽ̯ҵ·ȫС
ΣաҲصġǵ˸ΣЩ
ԼԼ
ԾӦ, , Ⱪ¶ġܡ
һ˵Сö
˷ɥ룿
һʱ䣬, ˶ˡ
Ĵ, , ûһ¹Ҳòô
䭺ߵ·ߣǴسǵϷ·߶
ּһڳ磬꣬ƶ񤣬ʯɽ, г, ֮ǰҪ߼濵ľϱ߶ء
Ͳһ, ˮ, Ϫк, , ɽָģؼҲ, ෱ݵȨ̶ڴðׯ԰濲ƴ֣Ҳֻһׯӡ
˽ׯ԰ɽּû·ɫ
շЪ죬ѹѹĵ·ϣһʺĶڴǰߡ
ԭ׵Ķ顣
˭ҰװһͲ
ЩطķǶҹɻ飬ڽظûס
Ŀãȥһֻаˣ̧Σһ˴ţһùģһ࣬һһͷӸڽӱߡ
ǽϵ˻ŲҰɫױݣһ죬ɫֻţˮ֮Ǧ۲ȵοɫĺۼ
һ˲֪ûбʪղſ϶û꣬ؾǴӸĳ
Ѿã˲죬ӵİһߡһߴߡһ߿춼ˣҪ˼ʱ
ĸ̧ɽ·ϣЩˡ
Ȼұ߶ĽηƺߵʲôһŤȹڵء
ӱǰ͵һƫеĺˤ˳·ݺãһ̱ˮ˰
ӵһӳô̧ģȶ𣿡
Ʋ˽ŵĽηæֵ̧סӣǲȵ˶
ӵӼӴϣپӼ顣
Աߵ·ϵ㱻꼰æԱȥ˫ڵϣϥǺ׹ǲŤţû취վ
ֱ߹ȥһץסĺҪؽȥ
ʱһʹʲôպôڽŽϡҲģǿ׳ҲϺϻڵСӴ󣬲㣬ȥץһץסһһĶ
ӱ壬滹͹𡭡
ץסһ̣·һסϡ
æһֻϵıӣץס̱³ѹκһϡ
·һͷקסӣʹĽźҲֹԼǿδ֪ߡ
·ؾţһʣпֲޱȣ·ߵֺڰ֪ʲôħ֡
ʱΧȻ˹Ц

˷ڶ߷ơ˿죬ɫԽˣ֪ûǱסˣ·ѣΧȫɽڵֻԼܵظ׷׹ģҺš
ʧȻ˵Ѫ㡭Ҫһ
һһŮʮֹ죬ëȻĸηĵĽͽһĿʱ½Ӻˡ
˫ȲмܣµſڵϷ
ɳɳɳɳ
ӴĶڽӽ
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ˣ˵͸ոǿµŮе
Щ˱ħ̵ͽŹ񣬱סҲ֮е¡ЩͽˣǲաʶֵѰǣױɱΡ
ڶ˵Ů䣬Ī˰ĵĸо
ʮ۵ϣҪҪץ
ˡδڲ𳹲飬ǲҪݾߡ
ŮȴȻЦСӣôڿأױ޻ˣÿˡ
СſָָǱ߿һȺ˴߳˴ŻѣյΧõġ
ǰ˴űԼϵļ»ҪʺһխЩ©ֶЦӯӯ߹
СǰϷʣС£Ҳ㡣㿴ҪҲ˶
С˳ָһŮӡ˴ŰĽҰ⣬ûմࡣ
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ࡢʼµСɪţԲλ࣬ŬǵŲ˫ˣÿأ
䭶ֽĴȣסĽǱŪģ
СǦͻˣڳκһ˶峺Ȼ£ȴѾǰԼĺˡסǣǡҳǰܣǴ򣬻Ūȡ
ĽףûϣֻѾˣ¡ѧһǣҿԡ
û˵꣬΢ġꡱСﶼûüʹΡȻԼֻŶˡ
ָмȴʲô˵ڣֻصؿޡ
˰ʵСؼأǸߣ
С뵽ؼңĿֻţæҸߡ
һ˽ء
С˵Ĳǽţûõĵط
Ǳˡ
صŮӴ뺷ﻥħҲٴιȻˡˮ֣游ĸ˶ӡһˣȻϳ͢ʩ࣬Բһ·ۣ游ĸ׺öˣʣһڣסšûأҲûǮţأ˴峤Ӹβһ࣬ʮּѡ
ʵͼһСϻڡɣ˼ӡ׳ܲסѣϣڹû꣬ȫȫϵͽ
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ϸ£˵ϲҪ׽׸ϲʥŮ
νʥŮǹɸ߲ѰֵĹߣͼļ졣˵ͽ¹ͣҲܻᱻʹʥŮͬĻᡣ
ʥŮ˵Ǵʮ꣬ͻΪֲʹȥʹûвҲħ
Сﺦ¼ˣҪܣֻһٶٵĶһΣڽͽȥ뻶ϲõǰһ죬ֱӰȴϡӵλС˵ȶ˲ܸɻͰĽ׺ϥǵĹؽš˾ʡ
õĶ˶а񣬺ϻڵСã˭֪챩꣬ӳ˳ʱ䣬ڰʱڸ·
СȫŻˡ
ЩʱʥĸģʽµûһǧҲа˰٣̩̺Ѿḷ̌ôãôȰͶ֮ͻȥûͶ֮أͽһʳͻı̺Уءӡƻĩȡ
Ķģ濺ͽֻһ㣺
С׽֪֪ϻڹŮӶ
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䭸̾Ǳϴ˰
濵ħаͽ̰ƭգȴðŲɣѹեԸֻϣһδһٳɹε
ѽƽʱһѶһʮᣬСĸϵϺǰһƣϺܿЭˡѽڰý
ڶ죬ûɳµָ֣ɳ۸һˣȻˡ˵ǱҲнչֻħ¹أֻȻ˱յĸŮЩħͽѳء

ֹһʱ䡣
ݵͷϣĴֻܶ࣬Ҳࡣ
һ峿ͷ˼ŽµӣͷߵһҰ̡ʿˮ
޸Ӻһˡ
ֵܵ
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԰һɣ
ԱɨһۣҧгݵǮ𣿡
ֵҡͷ
޵кã˾ȻŪԼˣ
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޺Ȼһ£ź϶ҵӺͰʸأ
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Ǹ
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ˡ
ޣ壡
壺ү
סؿڣ죬ӸҴ
㡪


94 
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˵λĴ󳤹ս뺷, Ψһһλҵʦ, ɫʡ
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˵Ǵġ澭ǳɽĹŵ, һѧ, , ⲿڹؼ
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ǽǧ˷, ̫ӵĹ°
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ЦеԱߵͷү˵öԡλүʵ֪ն񡣱˵ͨߣʦҲΣաǲҪڽ˻졣үǿ֪ҾͶүŻôء
ֵȻƱƽմû䣬Ǳ۸ͽɱ»𣿿ɼڼһܻ콵
˵öԣ
޵˵˲˵ǲǻ켣˳¶ݣмöڼ䣬ַ֣Ӱ׷ͺڷ˲ǣТĶ
δ䣬λƴŮӺȻ̧ͷǣλ˵öԣЩˣʲôö
ҵںӱߣ۸ˣ˵˵飬ѣԹ˿ͷǳ࣬ٽˣԾÿпˡ
¥շѣ¥հѣ٣Ҳˡ
ҸӴų£Ҳɾλ¹һɫխĻ¥ֱƴ
ȫû⡣ҸΪƣһӳ
޿ģʮֳڣҲҲõġֻзˣҲ͵λﲻڡֵܸŮ˲ȤһǷʹʵܣûдڸС
Ȼһϣ档
¹ȻڣҼ˲ȥ
¹ЦʵҲ˵Ӱȡ˵Ӱȵ˶˽Ĵɱɱɽ֣Ͷһ壬ȥӰϰ䣬ǿԷģմȾЩ¶
Ϊϰ¶ͷۡ˵˲׼ȥ˷ҪȥвᶴֻСӴΪϣȲμ˱ĻҪȥӰɽС
ծ
ɵôֵùӣ
һԳ˽Ӱȵˣʱ̸ˣﾹ֪Ӱȣɷϸ˵˵
үӺСһһ߳Է˺ɴһС̳ƺ
̨ϵ˵˵ɳߴΧɣصڣ
ɣ֪˴˭õ澭÷أ
ҲɣãĲΧ׷½ءҪʱϷִĽºͽ¥¥ŷͬھϢ
ɣشһҲؼͷ¡ߴֵϢ
һǰһ󣬵һؽ磡λ͹٣ǲ£ɣصĶ
Ȳǻ˵϶Ƿݰ
֮ǰɣزǷݵĺ﷢ֵ𣿺üһ˶ֽŽͷ˵˭Ȿ£Ϊλʦˣȴԭǳɳߴ֣
˵˵ǣɣӵݽ⣬һ֮ҹڱߴֶɽУ
ţ˵ϸߴṦ߾ֽƻɣضǶսץ񣬲书ǷˡЩķԸδ˽Ǿͽɣӳȥùٸạ̃¡
һ˶ûסİкãʣ
ںȾƵĽ±ˡˣ̲סһ֡Ҳ̫桢̫˰ɣԷɣصĻҪ˰ι
㿴ɣأж꣬ǰòűץסɼ̫̫֮࣬١֣ȱֵܶĺ֮㰡
ǰǰ񹦴ɣȻС
޶Ľ䭺ȵ΢˼ʱĽӳӳЦǻûѧҪ£񹦴ǻһͳ
ֵһʱǰһ
һͳ
úúãһͳ
䭸ֲ֧Ц޵ϸ磬ˣɵӡ
ҪЬẢӣ仰ʱ᣺ӣ㲻֪ϸҿడ˶ʮˣͻŴТӣȥ콭Ӹգ
䭵ޣʲôʵһȺҵƤɱɱֻ̣ѰƤαװˣὭˣ
һоƣӣ˵öԣ
䭳Եÿģ⣬ϸ磬Сøϣ
忴Լүʧֻ̬ĬĬԲˡִ̺꣬ҲţȱߣʱԳ齣
ֵûںԼϵʶ꽻˵ʲôĶ˵Ķ
˵˵ɣرܺߴζҲ澭䣬ڳ˵ļòСǿǡ澭书Ѱն֪ľ񹦡澭
ɣؽĵطûо飬ȷûѡٿĵطб˶ĺۼߴһΪе˳֣͵ˡ澭
ֵèצ磬͵ؼ˭
Щ鲻ǰ׶ģܿ˲²⣬֪ϷָпܡҾúܿħֻ̡ħ̲ôҵûɣصĲ֮ء
ϷִСһȦûж𣬵鲻һ¥ıҲţ˵Ķǡ澭
ʱֵŶһʹϵÿһǡ
ֵһʱˣǣ
ȥ򡢻ֽҽҪǹùýݣ
󣺡

Ĺùã
ƴĹӣҡСƺмֺһֵֶӿȥùҸǺö񣡡
ֵܣ
￴ʮͷСɣ
ô˻˵飬Ͷһùã


95 
Ϊʲôأ
Ǻһġ
濵ϼڽ, ҲڽأҪڷݡݱϾǸڣˮ·ͨ, ͨҵġ
ǵڶݣϴεԺӡԺѾˣǾס򱻵徲
濴ʱ, 䭾Ͱѷˡ
һæ, ûüݳǡԼΣֵȻģȴ¡
һˡ
Źˊ, ˵ݰӿ, ˊղ̺, Ǵ̺ɰȫЩ
Ϊ˱ԽԽĽ˳ͻ̺רġױʦ̺ɼһòصһ׽´ţէһǸΪӡϸĵţװͺˡ
ǰ˵ݳǺӱһҺպúó, ϧξҪûü, ÿǷԹʵò, ˼һ¥ˡ¥ᵹǿ, Ǹ, һ¥˵顣
Ҹƴ, ֪òڣǷ, Ȼ£ȴĽ顣϶¥һܣһ˾ֹһˣĵˣ
ʵҲһԷһӸûдԼ
ǽ˵飬Լйء
⼸ճ¥˵飬Ͼȥ¥ϲ֣ڲ˵飬ڹŴӰķΧУִѿ㡢ֳֺ档
澭Ҳ˵Ф˻ͦࡣ͢ǿƼŶߣ˵ҡ¥Һᣬʵһʥּһҹ֮ͰʰˣûֱϵҲϴ¥Զ֣ѹɣɱ޼ɵ̲һͨ¥̱ڰòһ䭣ĥˡ
˵ɣ͵澭䭵һš
һɻű˰Ṧزûץס˶а˰ٸӵĵط˵ͳųԶٷֶѡ
ʵԽӰٹ䣬Ȩ޿ײ룬̲ưƼɣһèѣһʱܱܣǱˣôܣŶǴأʮ־͸ѡ
һ
һֱעɣأκ˶δȥǡˣ㲻͵Ķ
ɣֻǱðˡ
˲ô밡
֮Уç򣬳׶пɣϵӴʱûܱѡ
Ҳ֪˭⣬ԤһⱾ澭ϵĳЩˡ
Σ
ΪؼɱѪɺ˲
һϵûС
Ǹÿ˯һŴҲܻţ
õ߿¥Զ
ĽݽϽʺĴƣ
Ѹ輧ǵʦ콭
ֱӰȱ
Ҳ޹ء
Ʒź˼̻ĥһȥɢɢӷ磬濴Сԣȥһռľ¥СȴһϤ֡Ӱȡ
Ϊϸˣڶ࣬ɵģпݵģпھֵģģҲйٶʿ֮ӡҵĺӡ˵ĺ廨ʲô˶С
ȴࡣһɴµʱΪƽʱϣ󲿷ʱЩѹΨӰȣǣҶЩΨ١޷򸾽ѵʱնԷһЩ
١޷򸾵ʱָǱеһλʦˣıݺ֤׵·ϣÿؼ㶼ΪֶŪɳ׾ʵԼ
ֵô죿ȻǶ࿴ЩλȻ֣ϷΪḻ˼ŲдŽȻ󡭡ÿ춼յһšԷ򸾷·رտأ꣬ҵ򡪡ëʶȫ²ۡ
ˣλڸƵƵͶ壬Ϊļ֮һ
ٺ䭰ԼƷõѣ׷׽ܵӰȶӡ
֮ĵľӰȺóԸլլŮǵ⡣Ȼɺֵ̼ǻῴԼչţӾܻǻԽԽᣬӰȹԭʼ
ڷݵľ¥ʲô
ᶾȻͽˣ
ô̸һҲֵأ
ο
ȻӿƭûϵݼǿģΪǵĸɹùãδѸǿѵΡ
ΪǰӰ£ݼڣ䭾ȻϿ˼濵ķˡ˧ͦεΣԽԽ
գûϽݡ
һǾ¥Ͼ㣬ܲڴϽݡʽҪĶܷһʱ֮ð첻ȫ
ǽ䭵ϸɶסĵطȥҼϢϢ
ղ˵ˣñԷúܣмԺӿţΪ˱ƹ˵׼ס൱Ǽݡ
һ˵ֶӣãˡ´˴ֶŮס˭֪
ֶŮǨãҲǶһλطݡЩ귱ݸˣ仯ܴ󣬽ֵĲҲˣһʱЩ·ȥ·˭֪·ĹɵӶ˺ƭȥһйĵ꣬ɽ˺ʱ򣬰Ѿˡ
ǻ嶼ûϵ¡
䭵ϸ粻ü˰Ѷһ̣
̺ɵء̸Ϸ⴫Ѷ֪ЩصĶ
޵СУҵıȺͰˣãëʣһϻƱáƱûϵȡҪȥܺ¶Ʊɣ˻Щѡ֮ëҲкá
̺ɵϡ۵Ķֱۼͺܺòˡ
ֵ̺˵ҶҲ˷ݣ˺βʶң
̧Ϳ˵ܵƯָ⣬ԼŶϻλƵص˵㣬˵öԣ͵ĶǷݵƤұصĵƦͷӻֱӰѶûϸ磬¶ҡȻҼңǰѶϽݣϾסҼң
ްڰֶ֣ŮǱˣͿҪɻˣңãҪȥ޻񣬽ûȥ
䭽쿪ģûƣȻȴҲ˼⣬Լ˵ŮҪɻˣȵףŮҲҪɻˣҲɻˣ
㱼뵽ǰμӹ˵Ķӳ׵ĻظʶϸҲҪŮˡ
޵ҲҪɻ飿úúãϸһ׼һݴϸǮɩҲҪˣɩӸϲ
üЦϣ
Ȼ˵ϸظңȾֳ֮嶯ִ֣˵ݾһҪݡ˼һ˱Է
ȽÿҪʱ򣬺Ȼһɫ۵Ůվڴſڳǰ³
ˣֵ治ȫȾƻؼȡ
䭾Цķɫ޶ˡ
濣ҡ
䭾׶԰ѧСѿҳһԼһϲ
ЦЦˣ˭ɵġ
濵С˵ҿԲ۴ˡ㲻˵۾ȬҪҽ⿪𣿡
䭴Ϊգ֪ҾͲˡܿ۾ˡ
濵Ҷ㡣
䭱õòУǣԽԽˡ
濣ʲô
䭲ȥ۾ϵİɫϵĴӡ
۾ڵȥ۾
ڽ䭵˫۾ʮǰһĿרעֿơ
䭽ž⣬ֿ۾ĽëʱĴС
˫۾ֱԼʱ򣬶ʧصĶ
۾
ǽ֣Ľë
ס󣬵
䭱Ŷ
ʲô濡
濵ţ
䭿̲סԼĿ£Ҹ˵Ŷҽʶһݴ磬Ҹܽܡ
ָź
ղҲΪŽ䭣û濵ģʱ÷ҲŽ䭵Ļѭ
ÿ濵ģ
գգۣ˾ˣ壿
۾ģǿ˲ԶӰ濣ֿЦóĺ붼ˣ濶
˾ˡһµĳνشһ£һȫˡ
ʿˮ˿ޣֿ濣ӭ𾪵Ŀ⣬ЦݽģŻűȭ͵˾ˣ壬簡ǸСŮӽ䭣ˡ
壺
ֵܳٶ۵ûκ쳣Ⱥ濣Ǿϲ
󺰣㣡
Խ䭵ùãôʶǰ㣿
䭣
䭾Լ˿ڱԷſýſٳһʼꡣ


96 
ʹ䭼, ˲ô¡
濿Ψһ׵ˡ塣
𾪵ؿ濻еĽ䭣ּĿѯʣҲӦ, һŶˡ
үµ꽻ȻδֶŮϱ
Ψһֵҵǻûüݡ
Ƕ濿Цҡҡͷ
濱ˣǽȥϢ
ֵȫûڵ״ֺǺǵ߹㡱ùá
װͰ͵صֵܣҺʲôأδɩӡ
׵Īǡǽġ
ؿҺ;˾˺ЦЦ
ЦŵĶ, , ǰδޣǽаɩɡ
ֵܶ˵ôоô, ûʲôԡ
䭵ƤҲһ, ûнѵ, ̵ʲôûЦеذ޾˾һҡ
Ƚ˱Էĵôĸ
ģٳеʱ˵ĸװæĸ˵Щʱպһ¡
濵֪£
ĵ˵ǹܣұûʡ¡
, ǳ, ׷ʡ
ֵŶ, ׻Ҹš
濼ɫŤ, ںδ
, ɵھ¥˵Ķ¡
Ͱһˡ
䭣Ȼ
濵ƺϰΪ, Ķˣ
ĵͷƭȥһ˶ĵط֪ô, Ѿ͵ˡ
濵ã֪ˡġ
ֵǶȫȫ̷
Ȱٺ˾˾һңҲ濰ԡϢ
Сʱ˼ȥֱЩԾ
ֱΣԤвԵʱӲԡ
ﲻأ
һ¡
֡

ʱûκڽ䭵УԱߵѽɫˣ޵ؿһۡ
ѽһǮ۶СܶУɼ濵ռλá鱨ôȫû˵ˣ
ʮǰҲûĪǺϵģ
ܾúܲˡѲ濵ã
䭳æʱѽڣλǺˣ
ѽգգۣǱߵһݡ㲻Ҫңϡ
䭵𣿡
ѽڵҾ͸˵ѽ
䭣
⡰˵־Ͱ˺ܾ޴Ϣˡ
䭵֮⣬˭ʶλ
ѽڵϴ򡣡
Ŷǿ˳۵λϡʣ˼ҾԲæǰԼȥСʱ򣬻ΪԼŰԼĴžعˡֲܰ˼һ٣ֻˡ
Ҹʰɡ
ԭĵĺ;˾˵ļ棬Ϊ;˾˽ݣʱϵպΣΪóĺгڽλţĿֺ֮£
гճպ濵Ĵͽܵŵˣ˵Ǽִﷱݡ
濵ĴͽӷǱϵӵܡ
ӷĸ׺ɹϵУǴϵ֧ߣѡһӣǿ֮άϵ
ǳ׷ս֮ǿ¹ʧܶɱˣ³ʵ۴ѹңҴǰһļصȥɱѧѾڵڶݶӡƲЩӸѡӷ
ѳɻӣƹԼҵ⣬Ϊƹɵ
ԼʦҪȢϱеΨһһò׵ˡʦĻʦص۶ʦĶǶԵģˣǾǱ˵Ĵ
ɹԼ˵ˡ
˵ͽ濶Խ䭵ǣҵĵһͽܣҵӵܡѧ͹Ѿˣڼҽ̵ӣ߲ϵҡðһЩƸ衣
յѧͽѾˡڼ̺ӡټϳʦ˾ûʲôΪʦĻһ
ʵǵδ˴²Ŀɽӣڼǽ̵ӣԼӣҪĻǺͽһʰµıֿǡѧǳʦˣʦľ绹Զʦֵѹῡܵĸɽ֮ۡʦ࣬ųɽѩ࣬ҲʦһӷйоࡣҲԸȣᵣɴ
δԽѣȴҲûи֪ȫʵ飬ᡣ
ǽҲͰ͡ͽܣ˷ȴڼյʦͽϵʱʦͽϵúأڸĸͺӣΪʦǰðƷӦ֮塣
յȥţ˵е̫࣬һʱûܰ׵ֻû£аһԴ㡣
ЩᵽСﶼƸһ֡
ʱ񡣵սңڼԼ˺ܶ࣬ڱս𲨼俪ŵķݡһܶҲԣûϸء
磬зĸȢýţŮ˫ǰҲܼ桪ڽǣЩȫϳ
Ůϰ䣬Ů˱뺷Ҳײӹܴǳе¶´˼ңܶʱҲһԲϾÿ궼вٷȥд롣
£Ը񲻺ϣðѼˣ
ݡǵϰǣƸ֮ǰŮҪԼ࿴ִײࡣڽǣѾĬϵ̣һɽȥ㣻ºӣҲȥӷۣ̤࣬ȥǶͤ;
ǸԣһЩ˼ң֮ȥϳԷϷ̵Ŀ˵ǳ࿴ˣΪ׵һ̶̡
ϵʽס
һҪġɻر̣ܵɼҲǰ˫дڸϣ㼪ס󲿷ʱǡˣȻý㲻Ҳܱɼ
ȻƸ
Ϊ濳ϵΨһѪԵƸ޵ˡ
һ鷿
ظк˾ˣſɺθڡ
޴ȰòУãá
ԭ޵ʦľ˾ˣԭ±˳ѶҪѾ˾ڵŮϱΪͬһ£Īı˼ιļᶨͬˣҪ濽ܣһϤѺá
˵ӷƸһ׼ˣһ䶪ʧݡ׽˺þòдģǵһ¾дһݶ
齻濺ͽ䭵ʱǣ˵ĸңȥɮ㡣
濵⵹ء˵ˣռɡ
޾ϲĹ۵Ĺ˵ǿеˣѸҡ
óݸдġ
䭿ԼǷݸݴдġ硱֣۾ɴϥǶˣæסǷݸ
޽ӹʱͷһȴһ˱סˣ䭶
Ц˾ˣҾøԼдȽг⡣
ɿ֣濵䭶˵öԣٵȵȣ
濿䭣޷ԭҪдҹң
ǲҿд̫ÿˣˣﻹǵЩ
Ϊʲô˵ǻΪûҵ
ʵѾˡʵ̹ףϴǰƭ濻濲ġ
Уǰ̹ףһʮˣһʱʮġ˻ԼǲҲҪ̹ף濽ܲˣǾԺ󲻺úƤС濽㡱ˡ
ʱѾд˸
ˣȰѸ˵ž˾˻ûԼϵİ֣ϽݸΪϡ
Ȼ㲻㣬дʱ濾վԱΪĥ
˸Լĥ㣬Ƕҹ˭ýأ
ҲʵĽڣֻˣ˼ҵдòã濾ͲҪˣ
ΪʲôһҪд֣
ɰ濲ʲôǹġ
濺Ͼվߣᣬʮδдֻ֣뿴±ʵģ
֮⡰ֻ࿴㡱
⻰ýĶʹˣ
˱ʮֻ꣬Ҫȴƿ
;Լù֣


97 
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ѵֽרдָ
ѲıҲ̫ˡ
ͬʱ, ٶ罭ҲǹҪдء
ӱҲʶĻԣֻ׵ʵɣҵǴġ
濿ǳס, ֪в˺ܶ£ȴӲʡ֪м٣ҲֻԼ˵
˽䭵̹ף˿صͷΣ, , ֮СȴΪΣ
֧֧͵ʱԵߵҵļ磬֮ǰ, Ҳ֪һԼʮˡ
ʵһԭǰʮ, , ʱǿЦ˵Լʮ꣬ͣͲС˵˳ˣһʱܽѽ
ԽжΣѡԵߵó˵컹մմϲ
濱Цˣɺԡ
һЦˣ±, ӳ˵ˣ˵ĶǷθ֮ԡ
§, ʣ㻹д𣿡
䭺ԥд˲д, ɡ
, Լȥī
û, ƯСдµĸ
䭲鷨, һ飬ֶʶ, 鷨ҵַǰΪǹ
濵֣ƯƲμӿƾٵľ棬ù֡㽭䭾ֻһ֣Ҳø̾һáοдأ
ȷʵҲⱾʽòʽҪòҪĸ
䭵עȴûڸϡ
濣׼ȷ˵ǿˮڵ
ߡ
ʼŸܱôרעӡ
ĵԱߵĵľʣطߣڵϿ
רע±ʣֶûжһ¡

ǻʲôأ
ֱ̽ס濵ۣԼؿѹֱϣظֱ֪ۼĽ濴ϸʵûһ˿׸⣬߸и·صϣºͼ͵С
濵ëʶסˡ
װ֪濶Ϣ濵֣ÿ
塣
ȻҲ²˱ʣתͷû˵ڵͫץסĵӰ
䭷ǵûٴǰ˼˸תд˴ĸңң°ͳǸ˵㣬Ұֻ̿ʣôëʡ濣֧ʲô
򶨵
䭽űʵ

Ĵ𰸣һĶõдȥ
̾һͷ˵
еԡ
濵Ŀⲻ·ؿڡ
Ѿ˲ɶڵĵǶȿȥɿԭѩɽӰ¶һĨ˵İס
˵ĴɫĴһ˲е˼
䭼񱻹һ˲˲ضԼĽ֮أЦˡ
Ȼǰָ֮Ӿ
䭻˻֣ؿֱȥʵǰϲ𣿡
ʲô˵¡
濲֣££ձֿƵ˱ʸˣûľʸһ¾͵óľм
䭣޵˲Ѿ̽Ժԭͳصٴμһöε롣
Цؿһʸ˵Ķü֣濣һ¡
濿յ֣΢΢ͷ
䭵˵ʲôˣ
濷±ʣ޷պɻ󣬿ɾֱѯҡ
ȴһûб𴩵飬ߵԩҡֻ˳ˣΪ¹⹴.㣿ʲô¶ûУҲҪ㣬˭㲻ԸҶúúã˵ʡ˼֪Ժ⣬
濣
䭴ߴٵ˵˵ô¡
濵ʦ̩̺ҵʱѾСˣ֮ǰչһͽܣʦֺʦһ˻ʱΪ˻ʦɱֻһŮʦĶ̺ԭ׼ʦִʦţʦĲҵ㶼ңֳһЩӵ˵ҵ׵ĺôӦշһ
ĵΪߵ˶Ī
룬ʵʦ̩̺Žʱʮǰɣ
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䭵ʱ̩̺ŲǸֵǮС̺šܷչĵزȫϤĴ㲻ǷʲôЩչģԶԶ˵׸õõһݡ
濵أ㲻ġ
䭵ðɡҲģֻһ䣬й
濵δδ˿Ľˡ
䭿ĵʼֻң
濵ֻ㡣
½ʮ濣Ǵʮ־۲ıһȷ̹飬㣬Ӳ˾ǻ˵Ļˡ
濵Ǻƭθ֮ԣܶҡ
һڣʹļ׵ؿ֮
ÿ˵㡣

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濲Ը˵Ҳʵʣֻպٴ
˵Һѷ²ۡ
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䭲˵ҼҰ濲ˡиҲǱ˵ĺͰйҶ
޼ֱţԼ˵ʲô㻹ǲǵõǼ£䣬Ǹ˼ҵڳԺʰҵʱô˵ģ
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տϤĳͲϤĴʽɵöԷ޵һѰĲ졣Ǿӣ˼¥Ĺﻹƽ޹ʳ
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ȻҲ˵濾һΣΪƫһˣ֪ʱʶ˰⻹
濣Ӧܴôǰ£ǶĴǰֵ⡣
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ˣģҲȤ
뵽ȼܶ־
޵˸㡣
ĸոͨ͸ĽãȻؿޣ˵żθҵĻ˵Ҫݡ
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е㷢úôɣԭ
޵֪ǲ鱻֪ˣ
䭵Ҫ˵ôµ£
ޣ㵱ݵʱͦ𣿡
ԭתȦ֪ͲŸ㣬ֱɱˡ
޵˵½ǣҪ뿪˵Ҳǡรɡ
æס½ǣϷ⣬㲻ܶҡ
ֻ֪գαص
䭵ĶҸҪǸ˵׷ϱøǰ¹ƣ
޵Ǿû취ˡĵżˣʰĿǰżΡ
䭵˶Ҫ˷ݣǰҡ
޵ôæûաԼȥ鱨ӡ
䭵ÿʮʱҪôߣҪô濵ţлȥģ㿴¥£ˊ粽룬ȥ̾ĵط
ƵǣϲԭɻΪʧȥɡ
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޵˻ӦӦǶĵ
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, 㡣
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濰ִɡ£ذ׵ϵˮ顣
䭿רע۾֮ǰһ̸ƽвһ˿ʼɡ
Ŀƣɨꡣ
ͳʪУǳĴɫ˼ǱҫͽĺŵĻ١
ƫͷȥڷ϶̽һ⡣濺ס۵⣬У˿̵¶ϸܵؾɽ䭷Ʒ
ŵϤ㡣
µˮ濲һ㳱ʪζ׹䣬ʧ
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ذ׵⻬£Ͻ䭵
ļ⻬ָųһޣزúĸűͱ/÷Ĵɫֱϵָһ顣
䭺ûвֻЦݣ۾δػζ΢΢̧򢣬ԼΪΪ
һɢڷеȥʣ濣ӵĹ𣿡
濵
䭱Ѿİ߹¼򵥽һ顣
䭵ߺɵһμ棬ںߵ졣㵱Ҳңôǲİߣ
濺ûͬǵ㲻ǰߣҲɡҲ֮Զ㣬ȴҲ档
䭵ϲѽ߿ۣһҪƻȥ۸ˡ
濵˽ء
䭵һʳָؿڣָ᲻صƣŶ~˽û˼أ
סָҵ˽ģ㡣
Цòãǿ̫ˡ֡
ܻӭس˳ָָû˵˹ȥ˽һЦ
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䭿ϳ˻־
ʲôʮ𼱣Ų
˭ֵ֪̺ϱ߶ˡ
֮ǰһ˲ŵôӴϵȥ
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䭵ԤǶԵġ
Ƿ޼ţϱ߶ݡ
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ЩϡŹֵĳӣҲϽʦпѱˡ
ѽںȻüϣɺħ̹ᣬýֱ͢ɱˡɵǻ̼ǳ˵ǾΪһͨӵĺѱ¥ɱˣȫɵ˶ŷŲݡ
ЦŴ˴ŶȻǡΧ֮ʿ䣬԰鱨֪Ҳδħ̹ǽؽĺܡҪ밢żιæҪ󣬲񡣡
ѽţŶ
Ѿȥַˡ
濶Դɡ΢ЦؿŽ뿪ķû˶˵ıӰֻҶ
Сɲ¶ǣͷ
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濴ºͣȴһ䣬΢Цؿ羰
濵ΪᷢһЩȤ顣
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СϡͲͬˡɵӶǸ˵֡ı֮һɡӸ˵˷ۡ
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濵ʦҪˣ͡뵽ҪдļˣȻлϲҪļǶİҡ
ѽڵõˣļҲϲ㡣
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Ȱż극һ·Уȴ뱱ԷԽԽ
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޻һȺӣôزپҵأ
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ų˵ָˣѰնΡ
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һͽʣʦ˵ȥ˼ҪϰҪͰ𣿡
żεȲȷҡ
Ϊ˽Сģ֪ԭȻ

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Ϸʲôʱȥ֪Ϊʲô£
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ֻ̺Ǿץġ
䭵˵ܡ
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޷ֻܸԼͰżηԵɡ
ں˵ദУһԡݵһִֵİżǰҲ޲ߵʱ
λݽƫǳһƬ»Ҳ޶Ϊģ˽ӸеĪѹ
ȺˣŽܻ̣̫ΪеһԱ󣬻᲻׵رάƫ̻ҺǺ⣬˴֮񣬷һϲ֮ͽƭһܴһ֡
䭺һԸŷţɹˣҲͽˡϽҲиϵľɴһϡ
żȴֲͬ
ǶĶãǶԭˣرǮʮ־衣ĹùںһλӣӵлԼܻΪԸΪ檣ŵ޺֮ԵŮӡ
ɴһһû檣żҵĳԸŮȥ˼ܿࡣùѾҲֻܴӦ
Ȼ֮λĹøΥŵԣ˵ǹٳܾܾ˵԰ŹùɽҰŮ̫ãͬڮٳޣҪŹùðؼ
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İżζԽ䭽ʱѵ˵ͬ͵ġ͵ЩٳԷ齡˿Ӷ𣿡
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ӶϽҲʵ⡢һôߵԹµĵزأ
Ͻɽֵľ飬˵ǴҰԵ⡣
˴ȥլĵɽֻ֣пͶ⡣͵ɽܲǣʧȥ˰Žҵģϸĺǻ԰ֻҿή
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żֻ
ָּҵŮڱ޿κΣѰϽŮأ
Щ񷨵ԭŮأ
żʶ䭺߳Ͻ˻콭󣬸һ˽ԭŮӵ
Ǿ뽭ˣʹĳϣҲоõвŶδ֪֮˵İĽ
żεĽصùõĸޣǿһҪԷ¸ơԭ˼ӣϽ˸㲻ûϵͽˡ
䭣Ūô죿
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ʱ, ͢˷Ѿ꣬ԴһĽٷ˶
կҲ⡣
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͢أȴԲԸ֣
һǷµ̫̫аʸûУ
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ͬʱĻͨкͷһڸ̡
ˮͨϱͨϽԽľصأֽ˵ĴȺ̫СͨбͲͬˣһ伩١
ѽںܲ⣺кιϵΪνǣ
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ԱԱɡĹְԴڴˡ
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ݸҪҪʯĵʴۣڼԺǮһʡ
һ֪û¿棬ǷһӣһСκӵ̵Ǯֻܷļ衣
֪ͨβһ꣬ҲļЧãõ١һϣеԱеףĸҲþˡðѱĵطҲһޡ
û˵ֻ˵ı顣һֿһŴۿѮȴɽڱӵ̣һǺˮ˼գһҵ
֮רҵԱݼöˡ
ҲһԱ
ڽ䭵УǴ˴ŮǡŲ裬Źӣ濺һȺϺ궷Ƕ£ýζ
üĿ䣬̸⣬˼̻ĿῴһۣԸ߸ˮЩСġ˵ķһЦеصæ͵չ
˰һĻС
߸ö˾Ŀ¥´һľ졣
¥
ͨк͵Ա̳ȥ鿴
Ҳ׷ȥ˶¥¿
¥²֪ʱѾˡ
Ÿ˴žµĽ¹ѥ˴Ŵ̴ֲ˴ȹӲЬ˴ŹӲЬ
ǵıҲͬ
ܴһֳŽٲ˴խǿУʣµıʽгǹд󴸣˱źӣװűֻ֪Ǻ
Ⱥϵر˷糾ͣǸոոϵ
ʱǴۼһ¥ĶǣΧһȦ뱻Ա߶һ꾾һӵ찴ڷУֺȭȭ⡣
ӾǾֵסҪֻز
ôͽ޹ء
ʱĽѾ˶¥İɪɪ
Χ۵Ⱥп˰żΡ
żϣϽ̣һȺվŵԭʮۡ
ˣôˣ
ʱѽϵ¥濶ߵʦˡ
ӷҲˡ


101 
ԱΪӵ֮´Ѫ, ȡͨһ¥ⳡӢۻᡱúϷ
ⳡסʱ˽գ˵ϵ¥, ߸ļˣԱӢˣҲࡣ
˵ĵطнô཭˾ۼһ𣬺׷ĦԱͨг, Ȼ, Ϊ׵Ӵ筺խۣߴʣл, Ȳ
ſڽӴĽӹԱ̴ӵݹ, ϲ̵غ뾢ˡ
, վſڷ˷׷·
Ƿˡ
뾢ôҲˣһߣΪƲ𣿡
ԼǾ޼֮ңȻϡǮˡ
ѣ˭֪ѹав˺ֵܡ
ԱⷢӢԸկ߸ң֯ϳ͢կǷ, ᲻
ԱӴ첽߹ȥ, һһ߱ȭ, ЦһλȻǡѩ̿뾢ˣڼ֯޺ӵ, һذ, ϸկ, ĳ岻ѣ
ֹת˰ȦһܣҲ, ĳһηӢҪԷկ˷ԼλŮİæʰȺˣ
Щ˵һһ¥
ڶ¥ĽȻҲˡ
ϿνġӢ뽭ҪԸկʱ򣬾֪뾢ʮа˾ŻԡֱԼô
뾢Ҫ͸òغˡ
뾢ִŵúܣƶ׷֮ãȷܾ֮ԲĵشšǰơأҲȷʵΪɵŷò֡
Ϸ񣬺Ժֹзִ磬ܲ񾭲һѸһٰɣֻܱ־룬ʲôһֻ¥ҵŮˡ
أ
Ϊ뾢ǿڽϳִ󷽡ûǮҩĴĵײˣֻܸ֡ȨԺ׬Ǯ뾢ȴܶڿջһ̳þơţ⡱ݳ֮ͳԷܴһ
ѡƼкзȣ׾ڹŴܳ׾ѵõ˧ˣȻ뾢һԱֺܿ䡰桱ƮƣΪֵĴΪѩ̿뾢
Ϊ֪ȸߣ׷󱻾ܾ˷齭䭡
ɽȴûһһ͡ءȥ磬ֻԼʱָ֡ҺǿȨǻй˵ڮ٣
£¹˭
ʱЩڮٻյǰ
һΣ˾ۻᣬҪ£мڷ뾢Ĺ˵֪ô
ӢӣĽŮȻϲǲ֪ô
뾢æ˲ɶԽ
ЦеضżȻǾôãףǺͷϣӢӣλӹ׵Ů֮ɣ
뾢һΡ
ԲѷļӸһصı顣
һΣһǿȨƷķУǡպǿĻԺܹ뾢ݡڼָ֡
˵ǡĽ¡ǡ޳Ů˵ܻӭФ˼ҷȴǡع
ⱩƢ̣һšסĸ첲һץסͷϵԱߺźüˮͰǰ㿴ϲԵʳ
ƿڴһ˭ϲⶫ
Цڿ˵ϲʵϲúܣֻǡܻӭѰˡղǣԸ
Ͱһڿڵسԡ£ٳԣ˸
䭵οǮֵ棬Сͣƽϡ´Σȥéٳһء
ǿԭ쿴֣⻰ü˲ˡ
պǿЦĽϲظӣ⡣
£˾֪λ˴Ӵ˶겻ڽ¶档
һգһĽ뾢ŮǰǺ꾫
üëˣ½˳Цж꣬δɾ
Ůŵ㲻Ҫ
䭿ŹԴ棬ƾ΢ѧççײײסаʦʮа˾ŴɵӡҺܵļҾ죬
ǵλ벻Ҫ÷鰮ҡһУΪ˽𽣻¥׵鰮ҸͲСǶҵĸ飬ֹ񹦴ɵ·
һ࣬߶ܸܵ˿̵Ļ̻
ŮӱסˣβŵǣǷ˵㹴ʼܿϷǣ˵㲻ܻ
ɵԲӣҲǿϷǿе鰮ķǳ֮ˡ
ԡ
䭺ΪԼ˿ɼΪе飬ɫŮϰ꣬ӲҪ塢Ļ£ֻǰνٶȣ㿴ңʹ
ŮˣҪ尡СãһѧƽΪµĽɣ
ЩǰҥŤҺͷֵ飿һУһǶӴԺ󣬱ҲðաѽСãҪ߰
Ҫǲ˼ýɣһؼҰ˭ǿ𽣻¥֮ˣʦأýأҲаñܰ
Сﱻpua֮󣬿ִҪɣϵؽԼôѼſ͹̣֪ôֻܾܿˡ֮ĳһſֶͣһʿŴ
Щߵſͻġûã䭵ӡ˷ݱΪͶĺնΪ顢ŪľŮ
֮󣬷뾢ʱֹ۶ǡЩԷﶼ㣬ֻһһⰮĽ㡱顣
һα׵ʱ򣬽һϲõԼ˽ȾһʥĹԣŻڵŶǷˡ
뾢æǫѷңˣǽ̧١
ĳȻǽѸ߿㣬͸þľΪʿʣŲṼҵĺѽô˲ǵأ
뾢һ±ƣʲôǵ£
䭵鰮ΪаŮûţǲǰ
뾢а֮ӹˣĽұ̧ͬ٣ڽЩȻܻס㡭
һӢŲ˰䭴ϵǷ뾢Ҽ̳ˣҲֵķţ֮ߣΪΪ񣡵ͼΣұҵ֮ʱӢۺܣܶŮ鳤أ
뾢һ䡰֮ߡΪΪ񡱺һѸñӸˣŷӦδ˵˵֮壬˭˲֪塣
кܣϷūҲ̫ƽепܣзн¥ħŵȻֵΪֿףƽˣǵʲã
ν˿δ𣬺ԼΪ˿̵鰮Ƿǲ֮٣Էֵ־ӦֹССɣ
뾢
̫еˣԶԡ
뾢ʱˣºҲǽںУСŮ鶯ĶһҲʾֻǰﲨ
ʵǸˣֹţһֱùĽˣԷᱻϺִŴ򶯡Խƫִڻ˵ֻǸ鷳
Ҳ޷䭵սֱȴȥ˱ɧţܼͷҺһȫʤ˱ˡ
ҲҪҪԼˣأ
ǡޣܣ
ܲô꣬ݽú͹۶û˵ƾʲôһˣ
ڵ裬֮ڿڡ
ʮ꣬δñ֪濵Ĵڡ
겻УˣͲҪˡ
Щ书Ը⶯ӣͷʹɱɱһ֪Լˣ֮˺ô죿û˵ŵҲа
д⣬Ϸ档
ϷǰһߣϾദѾã̫Ϥˣû߶һϳ뾢αģ˽Զ˶ࡣ
ǰԼϳˣȲ˵᲻Ҳй¶鷳˵ԼڽϷ׷šǿҵֱᷢܿµ顣
Զĺá


102 
Ȼڰ㵽쳤ؾҲ¶Ҷ, һ˶ڰأ
гȥڸ̲û뿪ķɢλվǵĻǻĬŹ۲, Ŀ⿴ˣԾӸµ̬
ЩǮĸ̣ԼǷգ߶ʱиֻ, һֲ, ز١վڶ¥ȴͨǰ㿴֣ǹ۲Щ˵У
еޱ۲, ˭Ϊã
еЦеؿ, Ǯ, ñķ£
˱ȴĥЩʲô㣬Щ˱ˣԼӦη
ʲôĿģЩˣѽʧ̽˹, ڵһʱ˼ơ
, ǣδ޴Ӱг, ӺӾǴ¿ڵλ, ؿ¥µ, ¥µȴ׿ǡ
䭼¥¥¶, Լ˴˶, ôûñ
ȥԶԶʱ򣬶濴ñ˽õϢҲ˵ÿͣشñɽӣľأ
ҼǵñѽڵİӦϣȥù
һЩûʲôӡһǼ˰濵òðô죿
ȴסˡҴǰñΪۼ㣬һЩˣȴ˵ƫ
ƫ
룬Ц˵öԡ
ƾʲôΪ˵а˼Լڡزأ
ʣ¶֮¡ڣѵס濣
뵽ղ˵ġһЩˡ׷ʵ㲻˭ʿЩ壿۸ûУ
濵ǵǡģЩ˸Ҷ񡣡
µһ˭ð
䭵ͷҲԣ濱Ͼ᳤̻˵ç͸壬ǵعԱҲ棬ȷʵû˸ð
УһҪңҲѪͷ˳ʡ
濵ֻǲĳЩʶҵҵҡ޷
գգۣûΪûϵˣ
濵޷ݣۼ֮ʱӦһЩ鷳°ˡҳ֮£Ѹ֪˱ѣǲزסģ鷳Ӧǡ£Ҳڡ
䭸жҲǡʵҲڣҲѳ֮¸֪ѡ
濵֪Һʱܼĳ
䭺Ϊѡ
ǣʱĳ׽֮ãˡԼļ˲ܵһѹġ
һ¶ģıԭŰżεĴ㣬ҵĳڴϽһ˷ݣЩȥǵ飬Ȼ㡣
΢΢һЦζҵ㡣

䭴Ӧ濵£ǳص˼µġ
ǰҲǸеöˣϲΪߵӣֻⱲӵʮ˻ѻƪϰߡɶ濣ֻûлԡ
һ˼ʰԼµ̯ӡ͸ɽúͺãһ·뾢Ķ
뾢΢Цưس˵ͷһһȭк֮󣬽Ųͣ򶫱ǴѷֵĶߡ
öߣռϷϣϳϴһȰλСֵܣл˵αضأ
귴һƣ
뾢΢΢ϵָֻ£ΪץһֻӦһơ
ԹߵУͷ·ƵݵƵġ
ת˲䣬ͳ˷뾢Ѻסơ
Ҫȴѷο뾢ѾãȴǸС䡣
˼£ּˣĿ֮£ЩգϺˣ
뾢˳һ·뾢ˡ
ȺЦһȴǽһεСѹߵһС˵ղŴҶںһû
ԱߵСҲ֣Ҳ̫ͶˣʲôʲôԹ
뾢ҲףЩΡ
ӣЦһα
뾢ʶλմ
ơ
ӵʢ
뾢λΪڴ˴򣿡
Ƶһӣ泰
˼˵һ顣
ԭʢСӡ
ʢС͡ӽ磬Ҳˣ˳ԧ컷޶һŮ
ʱʢһѣȥӺһ˫ŮʢĹ¶ĸףѷ޹ʢȥԼѧյѧͽ
ǰɾһλɵĶӡλ͸ľּ֮ĺףѽǳ֣ѵõĽ֮ʣóƣһ⣬ȥԼѧա
ûȥɣҲ֪ɺųƱһɡϷһŲϺŵҰߵĵӣҲޣ˵Ŵɡ
ϲ¸˷ʢ
ʢҲܸˡ
ת뵽һ¡
ǰõԼʦݵĹʦִѶ˵ѧյѵĺӣʲ㣬»ͬ࣬Ÿ֪ʢλʦԼûĽ̵
⣬ʦ˵֮еֳԽЩ츳Ѻȥƫؽɣܳͷء
ʢ̾ͽɵݵֶϵһ
ԼĺӸĸ˫ȫо˼Ϊ㡣֮£ֶֶŮͿˣ츳ȴʦţԼı˭Ϊıأ
ãøǴ£
ȴøӿڡ
ƢԴ簮Ůһͬ⣬һʱ֮䰲ˣƽ׵ֶϵʱ䡣
֮ǮӣѾټźｻиȴֶϰʦº߷ޡ
ʢȻһϣźƱ䱦ڶʧûͷˡ
˼ȥֻǮӣų˱ĿܣֻܻǮˡ
ҵʢѶʧ˵һ飬صҲصĶأ˲֪ܵȻˡ磬ƷɣԺǶһ۶ö
ʢüƷᣬ˻ɣȻõġ
˭˵Ҳе֤ܺݾͻֵܡ
ʢһͷ
ֵȥʡ
ʢæֵܱҪ£ϡ
粻˵ߵùɵģηǱӡûϵһȥ·ͬѰ٣վȥɣ֪Ʊ͵֮¡Ŷȥʦ죬ɵĸǴס
ʢһ֧֧⣬ⲻ̫ðɣ
ʲô̫ãŶ˵鷳ɵǰ˵ȷʵ̫鷳˼ҡ
ʢð亹ˡ
ȷʵǵĹ˼鷳ܱðݰʦѧյĺáûץסˣҴֵһס
ʢ޷ֻõʵ顣
ʹļ׵磬ˣЩֶ缺ʱӼãҺйԹԣǶЩˡ֮£磬̫ˣôҪ飬㾹˽Ծаҵʲôˣ
˳֮ǰ빲ӳΪƣʢȥһڼҴӣ˳һЩԴźһȥ
ںӳ˼ЩЪϢʱ򣬱¼书õСԧ컷˫ֵļʮ
ټЯҪΡټźӣЩħ̴̿ͱ㽫ѰˣŸؼʱ̳ȣɸֽ֮¡
ʢŭкᣬĿ⣬֮߳ŭһʦøԶΣڰҹ˿ϸѣ岻ݴǡã㵱ε壬ôݲֵһ˫Ź£
Цݲһ˫Ź£ҳǮŸô꣬ݲǵˣúúãҵĲǣҲ壬Ҷ𱨣ʢ屡졣գҲ㿴㡣
Ǹģʹźӻˡ
ʱ˼ܣ֮죬ĸ˸ŶȥԾƣʢ˳¿ڶһţԷһ壬Ůӻ
һʢҵȣҲûȵĸǱ߸ŶΪӱϰԣҲӲͷƤûš
ֱǰСţ֪롣
ʢȻͬ⡣ޣӶˣ˾顣ǰֲûгܴܹˣֵĵزڶˡ
ȥң磬ԺһûкֻǳĬš
˵꣬ʵʱǮҵĺӽлǼҵĹȥɣƴ
ʢɫ䣬ԶѾɣ֪ж໶ϲʱȴûԶôܵˣ˵ҲܰѵӻȥοǰеӻŮӡľѳۣͲҪپˣɺã
綨ؿãȻЦԭô꣬Ҳδ㡣ԭҵķһ屡ʥˣһТӡ
ʢĪĵðһɲôˣʲôʢд紫СֶŮֺ
ȻŭҪô룬ҪôҼһδһΡ


103 
Сڻ, ˵£ղμӢۻн㡰һδһΡĺ, һ١
ʢҪ֣㵹ǶԵֵܣɶԵҵĽֶŮ

ûôƣܶˣ޷档Խ֣𽭺ꡣ
ϾĽ¡ֵܰ췭ظ˲Űѵһ
ڳֺʢĻ, ֻֿǺһûз, ֪ʢ˵Ļû١
ʢ屡죬ᱲģ
ǼǼ
ȻɩҲ̫ˣ
һ壬ɩܳ˽֮
ʢִʴ, Ϊֵ֮Ź¾ľ, Ʒ, ĸһ֣
ʢ֣Щˣ䣡һӡ
ܺÿĶȥ֣ҼֶŮò
ЦȻȱ䣬ǿҽ룬ҽ˶ģ
ַ׷ָС
ʱ, ˵ˡ
ĽӴߺӥɡ罣۴

ԭͲӰӰæ濵Ļּ˼
Ҳˣ
ô£һССԱɷ, Ȼܰ۴Ե¡뾢ֵĶﶼ
Щ˾, ۴Ե¿ʦ, һ֮, Աǵ, ˴ҲͰˣ۴Ե¼Ҳ񡢷뾢һ޼, ܿϣ
ʦĶǺܺõģ¥ȱҲܱ䭳˳濵½ǣ˸ղŵķ䡣
ڷ£ƫͷôˣ
濿ʱ򣬻ɫֱ۾Ŀרעü͡ϲľ濵ǧټˣҲҪ濵ע⣬˫۾Լϡ
䭴ӸղŵλԼĲ豭ȺĲˮٴϴһ飬Ÿ濵˲衣
ˮ΢̣ʱð̵ˮĵýҲһζ
˵ʱ۾Ųˮ̫ǽ˵
á
ĵŵѲˮԼ䭲ģ
䭵ʵҲ˵ϲġǲϲЩ˰ˡ
ʱ洫¥·뾢Ⱥ棬۴Ե½ʢŮǽܰţԴϲɾһμѻ
һѪǴʢ
䭡šһЩڼ壬ѹեԼļˣȴѽⲻǼʼҲЩӵĴ˵á
濵ǹûʵ˵ǡʢҲã¥ȺӢۺҲգΪΪˡҼǵõĹƵ¡
תעĹ
濵ңΪҪ㡣
ˡ
ʮǰʱദվãڵЧӦĻϺøнҪ˽濣⡣һΣ濣ΪҪң
濵ʱĻشǣȻͼ
ڴ϶ˣһۣ崿͸ŽһϣһҲΥͣͼʲôѽ˼ҿʲôûС
ݳζһ֮󣬽΢΢ͷָָһɢ޷عڶ
ʱĽìܵúܣһ᧿ΣҪ;˻޵ǣһ˽֮ÿ̳ҪʾҪסҪԷΪ׽ռ
й¶һбĶŮ˽飬䭾ͻ᲻ܲˡһԳ
ֻǡ
ʱ濻ûϣֻСＷüŪֵֹۡģɰľ飬ҪЩֵֹҪˡ
ü΢ѯʵ۾ҪҪ⣿
䭣ˣлл濽㡣
Ȼ֪ĵģǣÿüĶļϣÿˣ
Ȣã
޿ԣԵͷ˵滰
ʵˣʵ˵ǱͼҲ֪ʲôͼģ
濵Ҵǰ飬֪ǰ޼֣ܳߣسŵ߲֪غʦҵСиһ¥Ҫŵ֮ˡسŵܼ֮£ʩԮ֣ģУֶΪ
濵ȻȱʩԮ֣ȴ˰ҡ

䭺ܿ˵£ЦΪξң˵ͼ
£Ъ˵濸Ĵ𰸣ʱʮ꣬һʵͼˣͼҵѽ
˫ĿۺЦ⣬´ֻ޵ա
İѾʮǰϵֽ㣬ܶаʾ˽δޡ
濺һͣͷȲ衣
ЩĹĻǿɲ֪ʦ濴꣬ͻΣգʮСġｭ˾ۼӣǵС֮˺̻˺ͷˣһ˶űߣ洫죬ͻŶ롣
濵Ķǵĺܲȣ
ֻܵͷȲΡ
ƫƫһҲں˵۹⣬Ͳ̩˶֪ж׽
߲ã֪濴ϻۣײС˼ʹռ׽˳Դ׵òУҲ䡣Щ˸濶꣬Щɿ˷˵Сֶڰǰ϶ûá
ˣıƲУȴ츳
ûжκ˳֣ͰʾûйѾɹ˱ӣѽںѾ߶Ծĺ濱־롪²СײҪòϵĲ棡
֪󣺡濣ôһѽ
濣ҲֻεҪҴұؼ˵㡣¥ɫ˿ɾͳԲˡ
ˣѽ˵Цѡ컯֮£ҹصúܡҿˡ
濺Ĺá
ʵղ˵ʢΪҲס֮ȷʵΪ
濵ʢ˶ǲˡˮ֮ӿȪ౨ԸȴԷ֮ӶᣬǼˡ
Ϊʢණ桢ֵĵλԱǮЩ꾭Ӫ̩зչ׳
ʢֻԼƴĻǸӵģȴʢأз
ԣӱϿΪԼ棬˽ºͺӵ档
пɼһߣϿԿʢΪ˽Ƶò١
¥Ľˣǽ޶޺ȻϣһЩʢԩͷӼãԱ߽ɡԼҲûЩܺƾֱȥάǵ棬ʢġ֮¡
ʱ¥ô뾢ʢʢ֮ڿңҪʢԸҪæȰ˵硣
䭣
ɰĻˡ
䭶濵ǰ磬˵ޣһƴһڼչ˼Сƴһǿڿ˵ϰࡢӦꡢչΪҡŬΪͺӡ֮Ļ
˵ⷢչøȷʵڼͥ۹ְάϵĻڱˣûмͥҲͬҪȥֻǰѱԼҪ¡󲿷ֶԼ˵Ϊ˼ͥӶ֮˸
ʢһģ͵
ϰЩİôʣһһĥ׾˼ͷǡ
˵껰һתֵȻ֮ãȴڴˡ
ȴûӦ
ﲻ
濵֮ãʢ̬ȣػķԴȡֵӣʵӸûһءɰʦú飬ΪѣվǻóȥȻҲˣǶ˲Żలµ졣
ʢϰãȻȻϵҲˣֱնֶ࣬ȼֻΪ˳䶨ЩӵıԹ߶֮⣬Ůͷ
Щ㲻˵ĵط
ЦòãȻҡ
ˣԼǸԣͼʢԼӡҪ֪ڻ͸ҪҶԼһһ鷨ʥ֡
ս濣Це˵ʵҲЩŮӵƫɣϬҿ濪ġ
濿ŽߵĲЦݣ˺ˡ
䭼أ濣ղ˵ô࣬Χš桯֣ԼԼǸֻ桢ĮˡҲ׼ñ͵˵Լ
ֻзâ˵ǴΪۼģ޺ˡԵɣ㵫־ƣԶʤЩߺĽαࡣ
㣬ɲΪĴɡҪ˵ӹڶֵ࣬ţֻ谮һ͹ˡ
ţ˵Цӯӯࡣ
濵̽ͨ泩ͷͨ
ͨ͸֮ˡ
򴽽ǣʾԭϲͨ͸ҽ÷̵ļ˵һϵȲ˿֯˿ᱡˬԽԽˣ˯µĲϡ
濣
һЦ˳ѽѽҲ˵ˡ
òײסЦţ濣Ȼʲôг񣬵ܾڵʲô
Ҫġ
ǾҲãаͽҲգʲôˣҶһģ벻޸ġ
ô֣صһ黰Ǳ˴˶֣صԡ
ָ̧ա
Ŀᶨ濶ӣЦԼճøôԡ


104 
¥Ϻ濴Ρ
¥һȺڹĶǡ
뾢˵ҪȰ˵, ȴȺ˵Ȱ˵ͲˡˮգƾԲȰˡ
ֻһŮӴȺ, мơߵߣ˵˲Ҫôˣֻװװ˶˵ۼҵĲǡ
˽
ﲻԶ, ʶ, ˵硣
뾢˼ȰѿˣЦʢˡĳ, Ҳȥ, ǲ, ʢ£¶㾡ѧ̵
ԵĺˡֻСŮԽֻлл⡣
Է뾢˦ɫܾúί񣬵뾢ͱڸ̨²ˡ
Զţ͵Ա⾲Ȳ۴Ե, Ȼ۴Ե¹ֵ۴ǷӥɵĽ, ʢϲ, β۴£ӥ뱱ɶ䶥⽣, վ͵ĳǷ۴һ, ۴ʢǽ
۴ԵҲǳص, ЦǺǵصֵ˵ʲôɷҲʢλֿ֮Ը, ֮ãллֵأֻʢϾɿϵţҽغȥҿûɵͬΪ񣬹
뾢̾һú꣬۴ԵҪ⣬Ϊ˻Ѱеֹн顣
۴Ե¾ܾƯСʢСﱻۺⲻ׵ĵ
鵽ΪֹЩ˿ֲ´󣬾һһ䣬˵ɴɰӶˣɾһ׮¡
۵ѹ͵һ
ʱȺһŮǺЦ͸ɵͽ°źˣδҲ̫ԴЩ
ȥȴԭ۴Ե¸һŮӣϣϽΣվƵŮӡ
ȺŮӣУЩӣ׷׵
Ǻˣ
ǲС
𣿡ŮӳεĸϣİżΡ
˴󾪡
ڳֺ˽
żΣʥżΣ
˵ƶ˵涾һʦ֣
԰˵һ֮ˣ

뾢۴Ե¡İżҲˣѵԱⶪĶǴеġ澭
ԻկǼҲ䡭Χկ

żûߵ˵ǻæˣ̶ѨƬ̾Ҫ
ֻżֵⱾ˼ҵļ£ú룬ðᰤᣬǷҪ˼ҵ£ɵĵ飬֮Ҳ˼ҴӦӦ
ո˵󣬲°żεĶһϽģ֪ɵĴӦ
żЦǾ£֣ô˵
һʻżģһ¥ſԶԶ˳ȥ
¥ųȥǺߵһƬյء¥ƽϸߣÿԿľɫ
߲ԶһҶʻ
С۵Ĵͷϣһ˸ֶ
żεĻȥʱС۾밶߻ʮɣĿ֮£ǰһԾӺ̤
ȺǶеģԽãԽṦ֮ѣʦСȱһɡһṦסһȺѱˡ
ڰϣ̤¥΢΢һЦֵӷλ
߽˲ſ壬ò˰üһ룬һһȾüĿºͣţˣǸҵӡ
˿һʱ侹˵˼Ϸˣ˵ֹ´ӵ˵˫ճȺȴһֱΪֿܲ࣬ȴ뾹ر
Ψж¥ѽƲƲ죬̴ʦѧʦ𴩰¡
ӷĿ⣬ߵżǰ԰żε˵ͷǴкֿһˣŹĳˣ֪ŷ£
żΰ˵һ顣
ӷҳʱδʱպôˡŮλɵӦǶµĵʦܡ
ǶһʦһͽƷٴʡ˭Ƿ¶飬Լȥʦŵǰ;ȥʦҲˡ
ʦôʢﶨȻʷǷŮֻɣģɰѺӴҿʡ
ӷ˵ʱ΢Ц񣬾ֹ濡
˵ĻҲװױƫ˼áŹ桱ȴ˵л
ʢ˴ֶϵ¡ʢҲ֪ˡݵĹʲɺųƱһɣҪʺãƷеһԭʦѧյĵӣҲ¡
һ־磬ƽƽĻ
Щ׶ݵĽ˾ۼһ׷е¼ͬʱҲӲӷͰżһһаϤĸֳ֣й˼ɣټϷ뾢۴Եڿʼ顣

δʱ̡
ں棬ԵЩۡ
䭴Ժ¥
Ա˰¥šȴûҲԸЩ³һţֱӰԱߵһԺӡȺ֮ӵбõľ¥صذѼʦ׼ʳģںĵ硣
䭿ʳȴûʱˣĵѪҽڴϯˣ͵͵¥żεķ⡣
żΪѧƶԵʣζرķˣԼͽǸնȺںȾƵȷȴڿջԼˡ
ڶѾδʱˣҪȶã
ﴫż
Ӧÿ쵽ˡ޵һ䣬еƷ˲衣
żʾͽ˷ˣ²ôѧˣʲôôҪ㲻
޵ûСٵȵȡ֪ˡ
żβףҾ̩еĿģôҪʱˣ㲻Ҫزپҵɣ
ʲôҶܣҪ鷸ƣȰѺǽҴǾ뽭Ƿǡ
޵ֲֺõ¡ҪҲźһǡ
ֵеЩ㿴˰ɣ
żεˡѾˡҪЩʲô
޵ҪҪ
޴򿪷ţű߶ŵˣԼͣҡ
˵˦ˡ
û˷ڵżοǸһĵŮˡ
żΣҰóһģһŮĶģ
䭳˸۶㣬Ҿıѽ㲻𣿡
żδ³һӣվҾûҰΪȽϺá
䭣
ⲻ߱Ϊʲôϣ


105 
ʦ, żβ֡һ֣
ֻṦŲ
㣬ѲİãӦϲ𣿡
䭵ͷޡ
żηһ죺û߲ϳɢǰᡣ
ѽѽѽ
żδ˰, Ҳֻİȹڣָҹ
С鲽ȥտ˹ȥס, ʵ, ˼Ҷôһ˿ڣȲˣҪǱ˾Ҿںˡôܶô顢ôᡢô̡
ȷſҡ
ɣǸȻҡ, Һú¡
ɣأ⵨ӣ, 򲻹㣡
Уһ, ͰֽŽ͹ٸ.ˡ
㺦ͦµġ
ӣħ̵ĵȫҹԺв졭ûԺ˼϶ɪɪǵ˯ž
ż´һҿְ, , ɫ, ʱԺúȺ˯úðɣ㽹ǰɿˡ
, ˮסǰ紵ɹܵ, ȻȲóԺúˡһ˵һ, ÿķȷʵ
淹˱ĺá
㣬ûͰְ, ٺóԵķ˶ʳ֮ζ
ʳ֮ζ㻹ˣ
ӣҪ

ӣҪ
ٲ¶ˡ
õء
żطΣԹš
䭺Ƥȥ
ò˵䭳Ⱳӵһźÿ͵ĺƤڴⷽռˡεƯ˶ίᡢﻹʱżĽݽҲס
£װ㣬һû÷ء
żΣŰɡ
һʦ첻ԷҲûʲô⡣
Ҳ⡣
ȻĽ濣ɷϣ˽ˣǰĽ㡣
ǽݵʱԽ¥׷ɱʱ򣬰պ˵ϰͷûʱ;ǱߵϰסҲһź
ʹˣżδҲûס׸簢ź̶ȲϡżεĸĸҲͰżһ޶
һżκȻʣôϵģ
ĵԱˣͨеˣֻбغ̺Ⱥ֮СûڵԱٰȺӢϣǾ˵Ķˡ
Ǹλϰģ
򴽣ҸŰġ
żһܵĳƺ۾˵濣ڸ˼֣
ŤŤǣδޡ

żηԲˣ¿ӣ۾˵ʲôδޣ
ҿǲ밢żε۾ӡݿ϶˵˰ҪȢ޵¡δ޾ҡ
żüͷ֣ҪϵĲҵ
˵ǽϴ֡аˣıҵҪˡҾ밢Ϊֻ¡
żγˡ
ȿŻȡ
£˶϶֮أֳ
ɰżûʬ壬ĲЩ˶ٴֶԵУٴξ˴Ϊ˽⡣֮ĬðżĪֱֱʹǰһھһл
˼ᣬΪĵ̫޶޲ˡ
䭣ϲ֮࣬Ҳг䶨İ
Լĵĺ¡
ǣף
ôͻȻ
ͺ񡪡˯һʹǰһԼСѧ˵ȥ顪ӡ
㡭
żҪ׷ʣȻйصĽŲ
˭
ҡһ߽һˣµӷŹλǣ
żָŽ䭶ӷҼãǑã⼸ʶĺѣӣӷ
żûй¶䭼ܣʱõϽʱļ֡
ֵ֡
ӷҲֵŹ
ЦôҵĳƺͶҰĳƺһҰǑɡ
ӷǑĳˡ
´һǑ￴ˣ
żεɿˣҰÿ֡ǰҹǼСٳǰ޻ء
æô¡
żεʱ·磬һ飬ҵͽܳúÿȻɫ⡢ͼҩڹǰҩⲻҾͰʰˡ
⻹ˣҸһ·׷ȥ׷ָǡ֣֪⼸ħ̵ӣҪָһС߼롣һºӣħ̵ɱˡֵĳЩˣɱһǧ˰٣ԼŪ
ѡһ仰ӷҵȻӣ鴫ҶѾãδܵüʵ˺¡
ӷЦºͣϧҸղŵѶϢԭҼʦҲ˺ĵһʦΪԼ
ǰһðð
λҲӷһ˳ۣλִμĻ
żε˵ҪȥһϽҪ·Ҳһɣ֣ҶŰְ裬ֻ˵¡ҿٺ˵˵ҵЩ£
գգۣȥأ°Ҳûʱ¡㻹밢ְء
ʹżκӷţҲ̲סҸ΢ЦҪˣ밢ְֻ񡣡
żһͷðˡ
סüҪһƻ˳ףźʶ죬Ͷˣ
æѽʲôĲĵģǾ֮
żۻɣõҪǲƸۼֲǸ𡣡ǼȻûʲôǸɽղණһϡ֮
˵ϹǲΪ˼ҳúÿ֮˽֮һģϲòСұһ¶ˮԧ죬ԭʵ̫ˣǵҪײŸ׽
䭲˵ʵ˵˿°ż̾ͻȥ¹ơ
ʹˣżҲûĻǲӲƭˣЩ˵һһףƭˣǼɫƭ飡
һںģ㻹֪ңڹˣʲôɫûЩӶģҾ̰ͼò־ó׺ˡ
ҪףǱ׿һֽԼǽˡǧ˳һǧҾ漸ꣻҪҶһ˿ãתߡ
԰㣬㿴ǸԿˡ
δٰʽ֣һֱҵźǮ¡غƴ󣬶Ȼúܡ͵һأɺã
˵꣬һԵӷЦаˣ·ּЦˡ
ӷȴҡҡͷλΥɷ壬ˣԳ֮ԡа֮ãòǱģԸ£Ը÷֮Ǒ˲磬˻ҲӦ֮ظ֮ˡ
ż̧̧°ͣûĽܲұŮҴŲҵļ̣Ҳʲôˣҿʲôģ飬˵̰ͼòĻѲɱ㻹ÿ
ǧվҲġ
żЦ
ӷЦҸղŵʦѶϢԭʦҲ˺ĵħ֮£ɵȥʦ𣬲λ÷ˡ
żźұ㳢ɫˣȻˣֻ´ˡ
ӷЦշ
ӷˣżͽóﱣŵķˡ
Ǹ׼ģˡ
ЦеؽӹҾ֪㲻˼ҡ
緹ûãӷͻˣʦ˵ǶλŮʦǻϲʰһ͹ʦڸСԺ׼ϯλŮ͹⣬һȥš
˵¥ȥԺֹ
䭺Ķˡ
ӷȷǣʦصȫʦָǺεȷɣ
ֹ磬ǵ¸صǰɣ
ſȱߣͰżһûһţ۾ȴŸСԺķܾʲôҪ鱻Լˡ


106 
ڿԿС·Ĵ, 䭲ȱߣֹʦͽ
ֹͷһѣڽϺպ, ֪ٴΡ
Ҳֵ
ʱȻǻṦ򣬵ͨⷽ棬ǰĹŴûһĲ㡣ֺϷ̫Զ, , ͼǺպҲѵ
ϱ֣֡סߡϽʿˡҲڸԵĵ̳ưԡϴ, ɱʦ, ¸Ҳ, οֶĽأ
ԣĽ¡û֡
ǽ䭵˶ֹ硪۴Ե¡Ӧ¡
Ӷ˿е֪λһλؿжȡ־ᶨб׵Ľʦ˵񹦸绪
ţͰЩ
ͽӷ, һ, Ҳ濡
ѹһ۾˺˳ۣ
˵, , ǲЩд˶ǽǵİ, ҪҪȥݼ
, λӦòôС۰ɣ
˵ʿȥķ, ˵ľ۲֮ҲǱأԼóȻȥݼһ濡ʵɡ
û뵽Ҳںĵȵȣֹ˾۲͵Ժ
ʲôʱϵģ
ɳڵˣôû
ڽ֮ǰֱѾĻ
ӿ죬ͷߺ
ĵԼԼֳһ˲õͷ
ͷûüðĿġԶԶתǴһɫġϤġĵӰˡ
һϲ
һ̣Ӧոüҵϲ⽩סˡ

.
ӷǱʶֿܰżνöˣֱڵһ᷿⡣
ǰûߵţѿˣСʦǲЦӾҲѵõЦЦʦֵÿ쿪ϯˣ෱زʳ
ӷĶţЦŵҪСʦŵʱˡ
ʦˣǰĸ£ֻСʦͱС࣬˶
Сʦõϵأ
ڷУַ棬ֱ߷һš
濵Ңk˵ĸɶˣ
ӷǡʦڷݣұ㱻ݣݸֱ뱤ꡢ塢ɻɽʾ¡۵ȸɵĸ֣Ҳ¡
ʦáʦúʦҲ·ϣֻأҲ֪Ķ
̫ӵ²δټֵɲ룬Ϸŷ˷ӥɵ۴Ե£̺ŵķ뾢нˡ¥ɽݡңɽׯɵɳĸ֡
濵ЩΪˡ澭ǲһ·ˣᡣ̫ӵɼɡ
ӷͷӻóһ嵥ݹȥƸǡǵӣʦ𿴿ȱ©
濽ӹ΢΢ɨһۣ΢΢Цҷġпɻá
ӷáȻʼ褶
濵꣬ûãϰΪʱ磬දŽǼɡ
ӷЦǣȻҲô˵
濵ŵˡ
ӷʦϲʦ˷֮ǵȫðͷƣҪɲ֮ͯѪȥʱ亦£δɼӲС
һСҪİĹ˴ߣȻûޣɼͬʱҲ˵ˣСּҹò⣬Żᱻĥ͡
İżΣֽȫˡṦû׷ϡãĽʦʱҪһʦʦȻ׼ʵݣŸ֪ʦҲڵϡ
ʱӷԼʦ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ͺ˺˼ܺ£Σá
ӷʦ𣿡
΢ЦǾȥɡ
վߵ䣬ҵ֮ǰһֱرڱľͲ򿪸ӣó彣
ȵļ⺮ˣԱж
ǶʮĻ飬ʦѰõĲıԭΪʦ׼ȻʦսҰ͹ѽûü͵ԭС
濵ɱҰ͹⡣
ժ¶ңĿڽǵһ̿ʼû׼ټݡ
Ѿ㹻ǿ󣬲ۼͷ¶β
ҲѾ׼ãðʶ
Žķߵõ£߰ɡ
ѩɫ˿ȹϣŶ
.
СԺ¥ܽƬѵ
¥쵽żηʱ򣬺Ȼһˮ죬Խˮ棬ַµ
ȻżεĺãȥĶ
濵ͷȥǵЦ⣬̧ͷʱѻָȻı顣
˷š
ڰżε˭ѽ
ſˡ
ǰżεһͽܿš
ڴϵİżεһ۾ͱ濵ģסˣ΢΢һ㶡ſ๧վӷѿڵֹ磿
ڲŷʧæȭʩ
濱ر񣺡Źˡ
żιЦ˵ң
΢ЦȻŹųƶʥԶƶս¥֣պ᲻֪
żε˵ֺѹܳΪһʦ
濶̬ȲѺã˵ѵõУȺ̧ûಫ˭ƵһĽϣնɱŷţ岻ѡ
żԼãǸˣôô˳ۣһĴȣվ£һ;УϴκԵģǽá
һվǧ֮䣬ϰżڿĴߣɨѾƽٿˮĺ棬ЦԻҶ԰ŹһʣѵõԵ֣
һ͸䡢ԽӽŮӣòڣʵױϲ֮˶ϣƫƫ书ǿ֪ݣòȣֻһ仰Զ۶.ɡ
ŮӶɫߣϸġºͶظ˼롢꣬İĴĽʲô콵֪֮
żβҪȥݵʱ濺Ȼʵ˵εҲڡĲӰ

żεһʱǣãʲôã
ˣиá
ĵһϢʱ䣬뵽Ľ£ڽϴ֣нɶţԼݽ㶼ƭ
ĵͲڰõ£Ұðղ˵Ȼм£ˡ
ɻˣ
żָŴĺˮˡ
濵Ϊβ¥ݣ
żڵȰɡ
濵ô𣿡
żҥҰ˰ɣڻ󣬻ȥһݣ˳ץʲôġ
Ȼ״ԭˡֻܵ´μˡ
żҲƶһֱźδд轣ղŻϰͰأôתۼ˾˵м£Ҳ˵ֱӾǶƵġ
밢żθһطݵıԷ
ٵͷʱȴٳûߡ
ͽŵİżοڵˣĵŲߴ١
ֱǸٵӰֵʱ򣬰ż¶ŵĿ⡣
΢ЦŽܵŹλµδޣ䭡
żεδޣǣ˵δӽ濣̩̺ŵˡ
濵Ҿ濡ֹ硯ʦΪ֣ڽһֱֹΪ֪ҵı̩̺ҲҵĲҵ
żŵؿ䭡
վ˼˵Ĵҹ㡣
żΣ


107 
ϵȴʱ, ˭
Ǹոշֿõˣ
ҺҰްֱûбͬӷӦ֮ǰѾȱ˻
ֹôӷһ
Ժӡ濣ֹ磿֡
濾ֹ磿
⼸, Ͱ濵֡

ڷݱԷһǸҹ֡ŶҲ˵Ůʦ
ѹֽ
ԭǰ濣ԭǡµһ
İ濾ô
ȵȣ
֪Ľ¡Ȼ˵ܶܽƱ硭
ǣ
ոնӷǰ˵Щʲô
Ѷ꾹Ȼһʱ䶼֪ôԲѣ
ǰżμŻŵس䣬ͣྐྵӵ֣ôˣָʲô¶
䭶ͷð亹, ƳⲨԵĺ, Ҵһһе㼱£ڲֹܼ磬Բһ»ѡ
˵껰δ, Ѿͨһˡ
һˮ, ˮˮ
żΣ
ͻı, żһʱûӦ
ãȥĶ
ˮеĽ䭳ӻ֣ﲻˡ
ʵʱ򣬷űˡ
š
ֹ硢ˡ
ղŽ˵ġԲѡò˸
أ
Ӷ֮󣬴ˮ˸ԺӣϽ˸, ͷ, ·
ʱ, 䭲ƽ˸ղܵ𾪡
Ĵû, 濾ֹ簡
, Ը͡Ʒ߹ϸϻ, ǿɿиˡ
һһֱԼ濵ı, ܵһϮš
ᣬֻ۾ʹϧĶҪˣԼʱʱ̶̿Ҫߣϸȫ
ǣ
ÿСèԭֻưһĴӷ绢
ô
İ濣ǿֹ磬ôǡ̫ˣ
ڴߣգ۳ԡ
ڵȴţѾ֪˰濵ʵʦԼʵݺѾû˿Ҫˡ

ʵô£
ȻصݱԷżγŽ䭡
ϸŴȷûˣżߣҲǶ˵ҺͰҪˣͰְֻǡ
żε˵Ǽ٣ԭʲô㣬ҵġǾߣ
޹ȥ
żεһǻشӣԶԭ
ԭ̫ˣ
ôһ֣
ĵҪƭ˼Ҹ飿
Ҫаս
˵ˣֹôõˣĽôƭ˼Ҹأ
һɵģһҪأôܻȥѽ㲻Ҫˡ
żεģǿֹ磡ƭµһֵĸ飬ȻҲģ
䭵ƭˣãġ
żκɵ֮ǰ˵ûģ⻹ƭ
䭵ǲǲ֪ʦֹ֪磬ҲͶ
żޱؿǰȲεŮˣװҿͶˣҸ¹ƭҵİɣ֪ʦˣ޿ˣ
æ㣬ǲʦ㰢Ҿ򲻹ôԺҶҲãתߡʦ˭ңֲЩԽҾ̡˰㡣
żεҪҲҲУѺ֮£ʵʵϸϸ
䭵áһΣҾ
żΣ֮ǰȷʵˡ
䭸żνʮǰһʱ£ʱ䲢ࡣΪǵĹȥദʱĺ١ⲻҲ޷֮ڿڣ˵ˡ
żˣЩףʲôãֵĴ˵鲼аħͲΪνаŮˣ
䭵ĺŲظ֮ˣ첻Ǽ𣿡
żεȷʵ֮ˣһʡΪ֪ҶǷǳ˽⣬֪֮δξܶ϶ɿиĴ£ʣȵȵȡ
ȣܵȰ
ʵ궼ʮˣ
ͲϾͳףˣ
䭵㣬ʵķʽԣǿԻһǶȣ룺濣Ҳֹ磬λµһ֣ˣҪ޸ңһиɽҰŮӣаŮôĻõĵǲ
żΣ
еѽ
ʱɫ䣺 ˣ
żε£
䭵Һ˵ЩʱӷҲڡǰ濵ĵӣҪƭ濸ô죿
żε·
䭣Ҫ
żЦ꾫Ĳҡ
䭣ӡ
ùżζ½䭻طͽܣ½µıԼ˽¡
Ѱֻǰ׼սŷŵʱ򣬶ûš
һ㣬ⰢżǰϯԷĶͺͿдһ䭷һ⵽㲻ݵĺ㣿ôˣ
Ĳɵسˡ
ţֻԼҹƣڱܳԷıңŻʳɹ
Ȼ󡪡
ΪʦֵȻ̿ס˺
䭣

Ϊʲôǰˣ
ۿɼؽˡ
΢΢üһŽ䭵򢣬һִӿ꣬ſ죬ҿ
䭲˵ֻ˵
ųʳڴһ㣬濿ӿ磬Ӻмһ¡
ʦһУȻ޹һϸС緢˿̳ڿ⡣
濻ۡ
濸߾ٿӣֻܿ˹ܣ´γԷ᣿
ؿڵˡ
濵Ĳɣʲô
䭵ôĻڹԭ¡
Цִʲô
䭵ʲôС֡оҾֻż˷磬ҶǵĴ
濵ţŰ䭡
䭣һٰʮڶòˡ
濵֮ǰ㲻˵ʲôˣ㶼ġҲҪסʲô£Ҷᾡ㡣
һһҪ㡣
ĵ˵ʵˡ
ϴ
ϵģ䭲û̹ԼĽ¡ݣǽһŵĹ¡
䭸Ƭ֮⣬ңԶңԶĵطһ硣һûҲûиǿ书ֻһЩ򡣡
ƺ˼ܾãǳΪһ͵͢Ƶ硣û书
֮һתֵǧ֮Ǩѧÿѧı硣
￪ʼʼһС
СĵطЩ󣬲˼顣ǵ˼룬ûиı䣬ֻĻøݣ䭺Ĭʮ㣬ʱһЩ˴󲿷Ļ
䭰ԼģҪ濵Ļһһ˵ʱ˵˵ƫˣδ½
ֱ죬ʱѹ䭲ŷԼɤЩ˻ˡ
𼱡
濵ϲˮᣬڱġ
ѿڸ濵ֺһڣ˵
˵СϵȥˮѹԼ磬һµݡݵֽĽ¡
䭿濣ɫƣԴ΢ЦҾµĽ¡
ǽ䭽µʱѭ򽥽̵棬ֻ濵Ѿùڼ֮ͣµĺ󣬲ûбֵúܾȣֻ˼
飬϶Ҳ֪ˡҴӽ¥ߣŷһƴðҿˣҪҸջ͵֡
һָĴϣֹסĻؿ
䭵ĻȻֹ
˲䰲
ƣɢ͵
һףһаʦԶ
濲Ǹ˵ˣ䭿Զ
䭣ƽƻʵĮ̣ÿnpcһĸĿ⿴磬ĳӲΨ濵ʱ򣬹۲ϸ΢ܶÿһ޵ɫ
Ŀഥ
ְؿڣǵһڣҲΰࡢҩλá
ʮǰȥһԭǵ̫ɡҲθ̾Եɺϡ˭֪˵ĻҪ棬˭뵽ϺպġЦĽ¡ͣ
ⲻɺϣǶͰ
һᵽ޷ƿİ֮ĿֻţУӵסš
书µһҲ޷˴ץߡ
ҺãѾˡ
°ͷϣ̾ǰ㡣˵ˡ
濺ȻҲһҪ㡣
䭵ѽѽң
濵㻹ǲǵãǵĵһ죬̾Ӻ档
䭵ǵѽôˣ
濵Ҳ̾ӵĸ¥÷Ⱥ˵ĻҶˡ
գգۣ˵Щʲô
Ƭ̺
䭣㶼ˣ
濵ͷ
䭲㵱ýſٳһ


108 
ڽ䭿, Ҳû̹Ҫ˵¥£µĴ¡
կ߸¥
Ǵҹ, ҪԱķ䣬ȴӷвء
ţ뾢۴Ե´ǰڴ֣סҪӴܵķͽţ¥ֺܶ׷׳ˡ
Χסկͽ, Ͷ, ȺرҪɱһѪ·ȥץԱ⡣
ҪƵû統̰Ӵ, ȴΪΣ
ۼ˫, ¥Ȼִһˡǳİ͡ʽа, ˶Ϥָ֡
Ȼϳмħĸ֣ȺŷӦħ̵ĸ߲ˡ
Ϊζ
ħ̺ϻڴС澭
ԭΪؼ
˾ȻΪ֮⡢֮е¡
֮Сˡ澭ʲôЩկķͽʧǣħ̸߲׷
֮⡪Ա⾹ȻС澭汾, ţ
կڷ˵Ŀ, Ⱥ֪, Ա˵Ļ, ԵĶ˶Ŀ, Ķȴһϻڲġ澭ɣص͵õԭ档
ȻԱڱϵʦ, ֪ⲻ۵ϻıƴЩֵߵĲƥơ, ȴڻװ澭ϻ飬߾鱻ջ٣
Ҳˣկ˲ŷⱾȱؼ
ͬʱϷְһСϢɣ͵˷澭ɣؾ˷ݣ
կŰ뱾ʣµؼҵħҪʣµİ汾Ȼħ̽ͽҲͷԣⱾؼ
կǲϣ̽ħڲ໳ɿˣڷ֡澭ûħ̣С
ġ澭أǰɣزڿջǺĳ
ѺɣǸ䣬ϵѶֶαŶڲ˺˵ĻϱȷйɣΪָдˡ澭䡣
ǵǵϵ֪ҪĶ㽫ȥ˵Ա⻻ô
ħ̽ͽץס䣬׿ڽԼĸҲԱˡ
ħ̸߲կկоʣµİ뱾ԭȥ峤ѯʾǷҪ¡
ԭûˣڷݣ
Ѽˣ
ħ͵顣ֻǵԱƸ˸ֻҲȫǼӣоһħͽﲻˣѽ̽ҹ鷿Ҳؼ顣
εѲܿ쾪ԭĵĵԱ⡣
ԱЩһֱڵģ¡澭˳ִﾩǣ峤С
˭֪ȻˣлͬװС澭ϻһʧˡ
ǿױдؼ˵鷨ңУֶʦ⾳ױдؼ°빦
۲Լã׸󳤹ȡͣá澭ԭؼ֣Ա⼱òУóҲƣнϵķӢ뽭Ⱥկˣֻկûзֻеİء
կȷʵϢɵǹħ̣˱鲼ֵ鱨ͱòһˡܶ཭˶ûݣկѾһ֣ҹʱִֵ˺ĵ
Ӣ¥ӷ۴Ե¡뾢ֺµһϵԱ͵ñ°ߡ
ɼˣԱվȺǻҡ
Ϊڲ֪澭ʱЩ˶ıڡС澭й¶˶ܶ֡
ԱսսС澭а˽Գдµ˽죬ҵͰġջ٣Ȼ˽档
ħһŮָ˭֪˵Ǽ٣ǿǡ澭ôʱ䣬ʮܳˣ
ԣ㽻ؼߡ㶪ʧĻʮ
èĹҪؼ˿洦ڽɾʲôûˣѶȫܵһʺơ
λʿʥ̶ָһ壬ֻҪյĽؼǱ㾮ˮˮڤ粻飬ߣ˭Ҳ뿪¥
ڳ˶࣬ħҲʮˣ˭˭Ӯһأ
˵¥ֲǼǴ򲻹
˶࣬ݬ룬˳ҪħһץߵԱؼֻǵԱӷ򣬶˭Ҳܿ϶ؼϣһʱȺ֮е֮û
Ȼ˴¥ŻŵسˣͷϡĵΧеĴֻˣǱڵˣ
δһһȳһյرѪ죬δֹѪֻŵش󺰣ˮй㣡г˵Ĺ㣡
ԭ˲ۏˮ⣬һ¥
ˮԺãҪˮУȴ֪ʲôҧסȡǶŵаƴСļݣȣУʹںС
æһǶϣһʮӴĸоƺһֱ۴С㡣һţֱӰ߳⡣
˿ɫҰĺˮףҲ֪жٳ˵ĹҶϰ֮ˣҸոմͷ£æεˮ棬һְסͷߵʯڿնԾƽ̨
뿪ˮ桢վͷһ̣мͯСͷ׷ӰԾˮ档
ǰɡ
ǡ
ҧϵͬʯͷûһһƣˤͷͷƤ顣
Ǹոҧסȵ⼸ġ
ħĺ׷׹ЦħȦѪʥ㣬˭ҪΪʥļƷȥһΡ
˵û·ʱĻ̡̻
뾢óһǹͷһǹ־ɳǣλնɱаڽգ
۴ԵҲγħ˲ǻŻȥձƴһ
ױɿ˶ʱһƸ۵ĺ
һħ̸ֵֻ߲ҪλԹۣǵˡ澭ͬһۣ
ӷԱǷ澭г͢öλҪħͽƣ
ŻȻ⡶澭ĲƱ˽ﰡ󳤹˵ӱ鲼ã佫Ϊ̲аĸִܹĵ㲦ĸ˸ؼɣ͵پӡŵΧˡ
ɾף˭ֹסջأ
ǿǡ澭֮󣬾ܺһǧ֮ȡ׼ڵɽоȳʥϣѾǹּƽأȱһ׷ͯա
ֻҪܿһۡ澭
ֻҪԹۣпܿһۡ
ԥ֮䣬ߵ٣ʼӡ
ӷֵħֶι죬֪Ūʲô㣬϶᳤ãħһ죿ֻҪͬЭȹնйٸԮ
ӷǺպġֹ罣ĴˣɴšԡԳСؽ塱ƣ͹ٸ׽ǰٸˡ˵Ļڴ˾ŷ
ħǿĵط书ڹƻģ½ͽһġнֹǱΪں֮ڣ£˭֪˼
ϻһӴϵʥ˰£ײСϵ̫ãںʳԱˣ¾סЩˡ
ϳɫԼڽͽ սپ
˵Լȴ˺⣬óһöι״Ӵ
ӷڵԱ߱ûмսڹ۲ħˣϻڴϵӴû֪ħĴڡصĹһħĶƣ͸ǿֶȴӶԶħ̽ͽõѶϢ
Щħ˼ˡ
ûã֪Ӷ԰ðһҴںڣҹɫкΣѸٿ¥ߵСͷûϱʮźɫ񡢲ͷ¶βˣһʩչṦԾڵϣȻԺС
Ⱥһæ˺
ԭħ̽ͽկ߸ңȫ˳¥ȺħаͽΪһ
˷ֿӺ
۴Ե˵ӷߣһŲ೤书ͣضħ̸еĸˣ
ħ̸׼ʦ˵ʦڶɽбչأҲ֪١
Щ˵ĹӦöħ̸߲㡣
ӷ۴Եµ˵ͷ۴Ե˵˴ߣϷųźŵҹգźŵرбźŵĴҲܿ˸ա
˶ɵÿ۴Եºӷ
뾢ҲȻȻ˲һ·ġʲôڽоȱ
ӷǺ˼룬΢΢һЦλҪģҲԮЩħ̷ҹ߲ˡ
¥֮⣬ЩԭžСԺȻ֣һֱֳԺеħ˶š
ħʶЩӢĽҲʶ
ȳȵĲдŵĲͷ
üëǸǷ󶴵ĸ˵̲аˡ
ͷϹŰͷš滨Ѽֵ̡ˣһϳǸ۵ģǽξڶͺּҡҶϵǸͷĿ
¥ƻͨĹ£Ⱥаϳŵĸ֡
һ룿ѵصʿһжţվȺ⣬ֳֹ׼ħˣĸħ˸뿪̾ҪϮЩûĸʮǰûʩչṦѵĿܡ
ֹأһ
δ䣬ħ̴ϺȻȣҹɫиˮ˲䵽ǰ
սɱڽɱ꣬Ӧ͵Ϯ˵ѵӦ֡
˵Ĳɱȼԭͽĳ棬˫̲ɱ
еķ뾢۴Ե£ҲȺ˳
կļ˵һܣȴ·ӣۼӷŵԱվڽ䣬ֻһֻѣҪ͵ϮӷԵԱΪʡ
ӷΧסڣȻһ
ⷴŵ⣬յǻۡ
̡
կ촦
ΧһֱʧɫĵԱ⣬˿ȴ򶨡
ЦϷʵˣҲװˡ
ͷХʨ֮
Χ˾㵵ʨӺẓ̇


109 
¥ĺɱһҹ
콫ʱ, ϻڴϡŸ󻤷ˣӺһش˳
ãһҹʥ㶼Աˡ
ǸܰȫιƬ̫, ûʦﲻһέɽĵزṦ
¥Ⱥ˲УУҲС
ȫСӵܵÿ, ǲ֪Σ, Ʊʦˣ
Ƿ紵ݶȥĹӣܱʦˣʦζܳ˰
ʦôûץǣ
Ǹո߳, ȴһŮ, ¶Ӱ, ˾òˣһɫ
ԶһƥѰߴĴɫͷԲݣһǣƺݵζعĲϣѱĶ, һ㶼˽, ܿһƥ쳣񿥵ı
ϻڵĴ, 񶼿˶, а, ղҵ, ҵļհˣؿ, Ҷ֪ѰľɫǶҪ
ŵ󻤷ǸŮ˵ģЦ׺Źĺӵϲͷ߹治ɫЦ¶ɭɭĿԪˣٸҡȷʵһû
ŸǺαĳ֣Ƿصʬһ˻ƣǣѪ
ţ
ɫһ䡣
ѪɲѰеġ
Ůվ߳
ûɵڵ˲ſ壬Ůθ绪ïۿ䣬߸ߵıһɫ۳࣬ͷ·ϵΣķ顣
Ͽһһؽ֪Ϊʲôûʦץô
Ҳԭ˶ߣ質һࡣ
ؿ
ԴΪǲ䰡

ؽɨХķʾۿⱿصؽƺʵԵȴظоٶһҲ
⿴Ůѵʦ
ûʱˡ
ΪŮӵĽ뻯ɽѹ˴ĺˮһһˣѹô㣬㲻޿ײľˡ
ʵѹ
˱£ѰѲʱĵ㵽˭
ô
ŮؽϣϣǳɫͷɴһԭεŮɺǰС
һĸɳĮǻԼԶңֹ²ķ磬ɽ綾ԭƽаħҵ࡭
ڳıͷ֪ݡ
ԭųСֹ罣ɽѩࡣ
ֹܴϵ²еӣڶѹԭŮʿ
ǱԡǡƵĸףĸŮӣۺ˸ĸŵ㣬Ƣȴʨħ͸׾ѣֹ£ųơɽѩࡱֱΪСֹ硱ǵʦ֮µһˣ

¥һս׼վã˴󲿷ħ̸߲㡣
ŵĲͷẓ̇ŵһצħ̻һ̿򣬱ѶϢ
νξȴۡڷݵؽѲ
֮ǰħµϰ˵Ѳħ̣һֻ
ͽЩĻӵͷĿãɱúã͵ӵĶͳͳɱ˲źã
ϻھҷ/ǣҿҳٴ
ţءʬǣ°ڤ飬͸
ħ̸߲㱻ɱг͢ѲвĻ̡̻ÿڣſڹѲץѹ£Ҳʧء
ʱħߵȫʼšħ̵ײ𽥷Ϣ

ݳǣԷ
Ҳͽ˵𼸸ͽܡ
СӵܣɺұڶӣϵܣҵҲнӵʳڣʦС游ʦĪ֮ʦ֮Ϊӡ
ԼҰʦɽŲߡʦаʦβ񷣬ѧСⳤ󣬲ԭڣƷֻҹ̣ܽ£˶ӡ
ңȱжҵаʦ¼Ҹ£÷ãĲһԷ¼׺ұȥףزɷ˳˽
ĳָ򱲷ֲһЩ˵ԭ򣬲Լ̵¡⺢ӼΪϻۣܲԼʱʱؾչУ£ֻಫľ顣
ľС
ֹ罣ͽܵУĪӷ࣬һǴǵһĿɽӣһɱķˡôѽڸǲŲΪ֪
ǰѾӷ࣬Ҳһ֮ԵҶ顣
Ǳĸࡣ
ʮǰʿǴһСС˾һŮƼݣز
֪ĳɵʥŮʵҲŵŮ
ЩԭݵʵҲ磬ʥŮλʥŮֵǮ˺ΪڣԭŮ
֮λʥŮһŮŮʱԺп֣·ɽʨβ񷡱
βǿʦԼжϳŮʳڣɽԺһ̾˵ǰѵһҪŮӡ
˼Ů꣬͹ʲôҾǰʦҲӦȥɡ˴״ӣʢԸֱڼʫ飬ɷаΪ飿
ħö˵ִŮͯ°ˡ
Ůͯʮ꣬õŮ
ħȴˡ˸ѪؤѶɱ
ѪؤɱնݳŮͯһߣ˵ԼǱħץģͲ裬ͷлѪؤ
ŮתͶѪؤ𽥻Ρ
ȵѪؤʱؼʱ̳֣ռϷѪؤ͵ܾˣԸˡ
һ·ӻԭҵ̲ɵʿʿһͨĹȥѪؤԭ
û죬Ůͺ׵ַˡΪħ̵꣬ɾǸСħͷƯ΢ðһԲϾͳһؽˡ
һҪüҵǮ
º˵ɸһ£ڶŰ˼Ҵ˸ʿòεҪüҷ
ŮҴĵһư׵æܳǡ
ǡ뾩ǲԶǸиʮֳĺ֮㡢֣ȥս
սľʱֹ硣
ʱֹ绹ûΪʦҲûɱʦ֣ԣֻм
ʵѾ׼ʦʵ
ⳡȶĽʣŮ濰ڵĦ
ŮһתҪΪʦҪѧĹ
ֹ˵ԣҪǰʦϸŹ档
ŮȻӦŵ
Ȼһ꣬ŮΪѧ˱£ɽſĹأһҹˡ
ʲôʦͽϵƵģûԼ


110 
Сϲ洳
ԭϲȶ, ɽϵʦֵǱֵ÷ʤӮСûʲôҫ˾ڵϣ˭Ը
ɽ˴, һѳң˸Сħͷĳƺš
ЩųҪץʬΣ˶֮£ò, һӻȥ׵ȡ
׵˵Ի, ҪһһǸȥ졣ҪǣҪȥδҵ½⡣
Ůȴӡ
ǰɽ, Ǵ, ˵, ħϰߣǡɱ˾ͲҪʱҲֻö֡
Ѿһ꣬˴ϱԼҪԡ
ɵұԺԼ˭֪ұң˵ɽҰ, ĸŮ˽Ů, ӦȢҲŪҵƤҡ, ҵ˼ӿ, ҲĴ
ȴصƷв, Ӧĸ, ǳִˡ㿴㣬³޽, ڣʲôӣ
Ůһ¾ˣұûû˽̹ڣ
ԭʷｻ棬˵Ļǣߡ˵ŮİǽڲڡԼ̵Ļϡ
Ůָ˿ΣǾʹӽŮѧѧĵ£ѧݸ¡
ޣ˭ҪѧЩħ磡Ȼ಻ãм˸ҷԲңұˣҳͷ
䵭̻ΪӡѧͲҪҵ
ʮŮ޵㱾Ͳҵûĵɽһֱң㶼ˣҲûȹң
ɺЩ˾һսҲԸͷ
ܳǣڻɵ·ϱȺ˽סˡ
ͬоžޣϾʮִֻ꣬ǸСȴһȺ˵Χಫ
ΪԼҪˣʱһնأӰΧо˳
ֹ硣
ֹ˿̻ûôӣܱáõɵӡ
ʦݣŮЩŮѰĽһһ˵
Ů棬ϸѯʺ˶ԾŮĴ̬ȽӲ̬ȣĻһҲҰӣϡвҲʦ
˵Թ˵һ
ô˵棬ˮռ˵ĺ߱һһˣȡߴ󲿷ҲߣٲֲҪģҪôֹſ£Ҫôźݻˡ
ŮһߵĴ
Ů飬Ҳ⳥ĵ⳥ǸİŮԴһһͷǸìܡ
׵ŮһιԹԵͷָɣķڷ
һΣСħͷɣԹѧϰŹ棬Υ档϶Ҫˣֹգȡࡣ
һʱڣ˲ɸлСħͷ£һԤԼңɣСħͷȻᰲ֣ɰҪһ
󣬴ֹʱ˵£ȫ˷һֹСħͷӻͷ֮١
ôȥˣСħͷˡɽѩࡱСֹ罣ɱɱӱȴǰʮȴ˵ûн佱飬ģ

䭵Ϣǵ鱨ټٵĽſŵöࡣ
Щ˵濸˹ٷۣʵ
꼸ͽܣ˵СˣҴ㡣
Щ飬õġ
Ϊʦ˵ͽܣӦͽܽŲǡǣ˭֮ǰ¥Ϊ˺ưżΣӷ˵˵أ
ӷʱûзԣóǷ֮ʵ²ؼԷֲԴļܰˡ֪ƭ顱Լʦ𡭡Ǻǡ

¥֮ս峿ѽڴҴ
ϣʦˣʦʹʦһˣ
ȸԾ
ʱһţһʳϵĹȳ󣬽Աʳ
ѽˣ濷¿ӣúͯһʵʦָʲô
ѽЦÿģǽ񣡼ֵǣʦɱһġ
Զؽѵӷһˡ
ԶԶغʦһ
ʦ˼ͽ
ͽκʦһħˣǲǺܹԣ
ϧǳеħʦӰһûʦĵС󣡡
ʦ˵ħȺ󱲲ѰɣǸûʦơ
ʦɣʦÿʦҴ͸ʦҽϵѸġ
ʦ𡪡
ֹ̧֣סϲĻһֻ̫Ѩ㻹Ǳˣͷۡ
ǰŮӣ绪ïòiһء
ԹԱ֮ͤͤؾһԣ㣬˼Դ̵ϡ
ָŽ䭣ӷδʦ䭡
۾⣬ʦ﹦Σ
䭿һüӷЦضѽɱɱҿɲС
̯Ƹ࿴⻬ģ£㿴ˡ
׼ʦһ˫ۣ˰죬ָһҪʧĺɫѪ㡣
˭֪һʦжడÿʱ͸Լһ룬Ϊһ̺Ūϱͽܣ
һǰһ桪ʱ֪ʦĽ£Ѱͻ̾ͻӽҪдա
ȻΪͰµһĵɱˣֲӦԼȶСʩչṦһʱŰ˦
Ҫд裬书·׾й¶ݡȻոڰǰ̹ףͽǵװ
仹ӷǰ˵Ů¼֮
ӷǿɽӣӵܣһֱȵʦˣǰʦ𣬵л˵
ɨ濴΢΢һ£ƺЦסˡ
濵˵
֣Цʲô
ܿû˼ĥΪʲôЦΪӷֵðʦˡ
濵ֲǹã˵ǡ
ӷȻס䭣ʽںδŰżιǺιϵ
䭿һҲţƵһнĸŮӡ
ֻҷǡʿԶڴ֮ĸȴöҺͰżνΪãҵϽǰǑ
¥ʱɫ
վӷǰˣü۴Ц˵òЦĳԵᡢϧէһۿȥǸĹС㡣
ӷ֪ܺͰżνݡ˵ӻǵȿԵŮ˿϶ǲ书Ĵҹ㣬Ҳ˵ŮϷ
¥ʱ˵ʦ¶ˮԧ죬Ҳǣ
ΪӵܻӰʾ˭ֱ֪׵ء״¾ȣֻϲԡ
ɻ־ȵص룿룬밢常ĸ׼񣿡
ӷ۾ƺڷֱ滰٣˵ᶯģ̰ͼҼʦòײϷ
䭲𻰣תͷίؿ濣Ȼǲģ濲֪
Ļ֣½Ƕ͸Ȼȣ¶ЩۣȻ֪
ֶԴͽܵŰ䭡Сʱᡣ
ӷ
˭ʦ


111 
̴ͽܱ˽, һά䭡
൱Ȼ֪ԼҴʦǸԽѡ⻰Ȼǽ䭵˵ʦҲΨһε, ʦῴˡ
ɫһԹ۲졣
ӷ䭵ͽ̬ܵƫƫʦΪذ§ڻﰲοʱĿɿڴ
Ҳǵһμʦɫǻ裬𾪡
ֻѽϰΪóĽ񰮲֣ĵ, ʦʦˣŵĶ
ӷǸ, ٴεʦ𣬿֪λƽ
濻ûü˵䭽ӹӣڡһ, ԼС, ֻǰʱ˾, Ƕ񶾶ˡҺñȡ˵ʮǰҲǰ濾˲·ߵҡ
ӷԺһѶϢȻʵĪ֪磿
Ҳ֪磿ǸƭʦҩƨɾߵЫŮˣ
ѽڵصǶһǸ¾޶Ƿˣ
վŲҶΪһ, ϵƷͻᷢ, ֻס, ô
޵ɫȾһ˿˼, ұҶ, ˰濡ʵʱ޿̲صߡ
˵, ͷ῿濼ϣյ΢, вһãҲڱвôꡣ
֪˿˵ĶΪ˷ͽ˵δزġ§Ž䭵ˣȥˡ
ӷִΪɴϢҪĸ˼ʹϵܿĶţʵһڹ˼ȫˡ
ܿԺĸϡŰżֻһĺѣɵĺ˳Ľ£ǰżεĽݽãסͬʱŮ˾ɫͬʱͰżཻĪ棿
˿䭷ǴкŷͬھаɵһŮ
аûôҪĽ²һ˱鲼֣źλ־壬Է鱨ܽҲǡ򻨴йƬҶմ
ӷԼʦһŮƭ顢ϡͿͳף
ȭʦ㲻Ļһ֣Ľ£
޶ԣֻ΢ЦҡͷˣΪֹǰ˭ҪҪԺǵʦ
ӷۼԼʦǱƻһᶨƵվڽһߣŵؽסˡ
˵˵궼ѿˡ
⣬⻹ǿ˼ġֹ罣
˵ʦɫǻ
֪ԼʦͨηƶҪΪʦǱżεĹƳ־
ȴǰһĽ£ǴһܣĽϣŶʦɲܾܾң
ʱ̺ɵĴɤڳϺϣ
濵£
̺һҲԼĹԽС԰ݸһӣԳͽܵˣ
濵ǰ͵
еӷȥ鷿ҡ
ָ䭵һȻҪ̫۸ʵĴͽܡ
ŴЦɫظˣӷ
໹Žߣ䭻ͷգգָָۣ濵ıӰ
ᡪǴӦˣ֪
̸ںֵʦʦ鷿ǻѧһӣϳ
Ȼ󿴼ԼʦĽŲӿһ㡣
ֻһ˾ʦĸ裬ôТ˳ʦôͲأ

ǰȥαװĵԱվſڹؾصš
һ濵ˣǰͨһǰſڵϣСẓ̇˸ʦ밲˵ʱ£һ֮һʦ밲
濵˽ˣϰ߹񡣡
żЦӣǣСԺ֪ˡھǶϷĵģСֻǴΪת
һ֪濵ͽǸʲôСɴŲ˵ԪǸգͱչ

ºħץĶץˣûץҲͲˡ
Ǳϱƽ
濺ͽʰؽء
̹˫֮ûܣΪ׽ڽĻҲͲٲҴš
Уһһġ
䭵ݣʵǲ˱ɣ
濵ݣħʦħơħŸ߲㶼ʮֽƻأΪˡ澭㳲
䭵͢˱ʰҲӦˡǰ໰г͢¶ýɱĹ¡ﵹǼ򵥶ˣЩʶʱĿܡ
һ仰Щ̵ζ
ɡ⡣
ƣΪΪֻΪҪĺħ̼ɡ㵱ֺ֣ںǵĿģ˵ħ֮٣Ҳѧġ
޹ף𣿡
ȻСΪ򽣻¥壬ùƵֶΡ
һ׹ƻٴζϵⲻħҲϵˡ
䭲Լ¥׷ɱ£תƻ濣Ǳһȣ˭ȵϴεӪءҪӮˣʹӦһ¡
濵ʲô£
䭵ȴӦҡ
濵ȡ֡
ȡֵĽ䭵˵ӦӦ
״
Ƶ϶Ӯң
ֻõãҴӦӮأ
ҲӦһ¡˸۶ʲôҪ󶼿ԣ˼ҿΪΪ
ԼҪƣԷԼġ¡۶յΪԼǺƽһôߵᱡ濾ͻƽһˡ
֪һһҲá
˶ʦ֣Эһڱۡ׷ɱ֡ɱԶʤϷĽ䭡
䭼ûеóѣص滨ֵլĥ˶Σ˼ˣҪʲôҪ󣿡
濴ҵİУȡһСϻӡ
ϻӴ򿪣һŷƵĳ¾ֽһۿȥ켫ˡ
ⲻǵǷ𣿡
žųʮı׼Ƿϣǰǩӡʱ˶С۶غҰ˺ü£Եġ
ȴҪóǷ¶ļᡢε塢Ưĵɫʾó
䭹Цˡ
֪ЩǷһ
ʱԺȻ΢춯
ôľ룬ʦһӦ͵͵Ժˡ
˭Ҳûᡣ
̡µһŷɨס˱濺ͽһһչеľᡣ
Ƿɽģյ΢ħͽǲƲӣ
ÿһᣬһƷɽˮͼͼӡż⾳ʫʡ
֮⣬оµ̨ëʵ
ýϤ
㣬Ǻˣ
ŷȵĵطӵĵ̶ʯǲǻòͷˣ
úѱץˣġ
д̣
ָЩЩҵ
䭲صͷǰǰ˵
濵껹𣿡
ûУûУңһСëĸд̣Ҿ͵Ķѡ
濣
䭣


112 
߳ȥ, ̺ɣˣ
ӵ̾ͱסֻ΢
Ҳ˳, һվ¹¡
䭻ͷԡ¹⳯ЦСĴָסģ濸ղ˵񣿡
濵˵껹ûյ񡣡
䭻Ȼʱ, ûüҸ㲹ϡʵһ඼æӦŷŵ, 
ȴԺ󶼲Щˡ
һ㲻ϲ
濵ϲվǾ֮֡
䭷ӦԺָʲôϲģҾ㲻ᣬҲѧ㡣
ƮƮؿһ, , óġ
һۿýġ
ջ, ʰߵ˵˫֪ܷҲʶ
䭣
ɫºͣһ
ǡֱǱǰ
ЩǶ㲻ġ
Ȼ濴ûдҲδָˣûڽǰ¶书, ȴʼе
ҲǶİ֮˵η, Ҳֱ͸е濼ǳıԡ
ѾʼԼС۶
С۶Ļ, ôϵİӷ⼸ռĺõ
䭸ܵǰ, ŲŲһ, 濡
, ɫ飬ɫ¸⶯
, ˼ҿԽ͡
濵ͷǰ˳ͥԺһ֦
䭲֪ٶΪΣϸ֪뵽ʲô Ⱦɫ촽濣Ҫмҷ𣿡
䲻Ļȴˣһ֪˵ĲڵǼĶļҷ
䭼ɤӵӽС
ժ֦ϵϸС֦ɨһֺۣ֡
䭱һۿãȥվ࣬ʾֻҪԵġ
ȻʶҲΧڣᵽеĻ籩
ֽŵò㣬һ㣬ֻǶ򡭡
˵ɫһ
ɳɳɳ
˴ӸڻǵԺӿ
ǽϵ΢ṦϸôԶѲ
ͬʱеһϸС֦˳͸ԺǽԺӵĳȥ
ۡ
΢ɲĴ뼡֮Ȼ˴ǽϵˤе
ǽĵڶλ֮͡
۾شųݿ濣ղžˣ
ͬʦԼĶ͹ˣû쳣ʱ濾ˣ
濵Ҷǿ
ʧ֦ԭΪҡ
濣
Զδ޵Ի·
Ĭһ˷Ϣ
Ƕ˵Ĺ¾Ṧ֡ʦͬ԰һ滨תһȦûκܿǵӰ
Ǵͨ˵߹ҲͬسɴһѸݣҲֻΪԼۻ
滨ֵҹ֡
һȺħŵķͽ书ߵ͸죬еṦӣֻ͵Ҳլ
ʦӰӶûĪˡ
ʱ򣬽ֶ·ûࡣ

۾֮ϴͲѽںæˡȷе˵һֱö˰æѽСͽҪԱšֱչ
ϴӵŵݸϴҲˢΡ
䭵˶ħ̵İɣ
䭶ֵ书·졣
СħʧȥԵħ̵ײ㾪ʧ룬ҲýͽǶˡ
濲ؿʽֻƶϾ㹻ңֻһɢɳħ̣Żɳ̽ӣǡ
䭵һ㣬˶֪ǺϵǳѾʼˡƵм˼춼ֹ֪ˡ
濵޷Ҫ˶ãħ̾ûˡ
䭵ǳ͢кˣҾ˵͢С
濵նݳħ̲˿
ϻڹҸŮ¿Ļӵ֣͵ͯͺак
žĹʬ˻ٰڤ飻
ɽɵˣǰҽᡢɱӯҰǱƫƧͺᡣ
ⶼֻģ֮⻹бÿڡ
ħ̹ʮãʮɣɵľǶʮкյĹ
䭽ӹԱߣԶԶԣ˵Ķԡ
濵ҲΪħöԣô˵˵αӣ
ߣʾ˯档
䭹˰ȦȥóλãǶѽ
濵ƫġ
ν䷸Ҿ仰ʮСʹŵĲͷר׷շҲֻǱˮнЩײղߣڶ࣬Ϊһȣֲʶ֣ϿĿ޷ͣʵǲͨɷΪе㹦ȥƽԽУҫѹơ
Ĳɲ⣬ָõԼԼΪһʱ嶯Ǿ͸Һ޹˼ɵɱˣΪһ˽ǿԼ̤˼һзɡ
濵䭳зΣ巨У˻ᡢ䲼ɣǺ뷨м֮
ֻϲ²ۣĳ͢£ν뷨˭УĲá
濵ȷӢҢһּЭ̫ٽħͿŮѧŮ١ҢίиҺ֡
䭶پ塣й֣ɽֹ
Щģǽˣų͢Ը˻᲻ᱻɺޣ
˲С۶鷳
΢ЦᡣһӾǰǳ͢䣬塣
ʿˮ˵ǰ
濵ǡҵ·ڿⷿһרõװš
䭷ѹסڴ㴩ҿ
棬׵ؿΪ¶ѩ塣
濸еյȣɬصá
䭼һ£һ£ū׼·Ůү
һլ̽ħȫû֮ʱû˸š
ͬڽصĳЩˣµݺסˡ
ּҺͽ˼Σ̺һθˡ
̫үҲˣǣһţڳơ¹١ʱ濲ٽӼӷ˷˹ȥ
Ӫתͷʹŷȥ濵ׯ԰үϵ
үھǵʱƹ꣬ΪҢǣߺԱйԹٳϤһ̫ү֪Ϊʲôװɵܹȥ̴֮Ŷӻ滨ˡ
滨ָðլҲŪˣɴסڳС
үĸ˵Ҫ˻ûд˷ţ㴫Ѷȥʡ
ү֪иýС԰ɸ봫űվˡ
濵˾˲żð춫µˡ
үһҲǡȻǼö濡
䭣
濰ǰѶҢ˵Ϸҵúܣžĸʱһ¡үġֵй¶ܣԲûиʵ
һؿ濰үŪˡ
߾˾ˣͷȻģסΪ˾ȣ
䭵ҵһμʶ˵Ϲı졣֮ǰҸһֱΪǸѵˡ
ɿգأʧ ûôá
׽סֲˣˣϲ
濵ҲҵĿ
䭵ÿһҶϲ
ЦˣҾҵһ档
䭴ŵ֮һֱصš
ż濵һ档
ûչʾؾͳˡ

ҹ
濺ͽ䭶˯бѡ
䭵ǶǱд
ǶŷȻΪ̫ԶȴӵмĴ
ζڽ
ѵڴ࣬Զ췴ǣղԷϸ
Žȵ


113 
һ, ѽںؾˡ
濺ͽһҲţѸٴ
ϣʦִѶ, ҹħ̷ˡѽڵһż
濿һֵۣݸ˽䭡
һдħϷʮһٱ֦ݵֱ֪Ͷϣ֪ݸħ̵ľġ
ڵʱ䣬賿, ħѡʱ򹥳, иʱ
濣أ֮ǰƷַȥ˶ɳȥ, й뷻Ҵ, ɱۡ
أǡ
濣ѽڡ
ѽڣϣ
Сͽܵ޷, ӽ𣬱ˡ
ѽ৵ӿˣϲҪˣ
ԱЦɵԺʦ𣡡
ѽɵɵֹס˿⣬Ŷ
ѾϰƺһʱҲûӦʱһĥ, , ʦѾԭ, ҲͲΪ˻ʦıƺˡ
߸˵غʦ𡣡
濵ͷӦ, ͹˵ȥҡδ˶Χ˽, ȥ, иͻΧ͵ûնɱ
ҹ̩̺ȫ, լҲʰɫ£ʱһŵСԺ䡣
ͳжأ
濶˵ṦԺһԾϣվָӹ
ͬʱҲֹܷ͵Ϯ
ǵĽߣҲбĸֻ
ӺƼĩʵˣ˵ʲôʲôԺϢǾͼ˯𴲻лأҪ㾫ҲҪ׼ʳɨԺ䡭֮æúܡ
濶Ҳ˯ˡ
濻ʣ򲻴ħ¥һۺûʤɣ
濵ħŻвʦ֡ǿһֵ֣סʦ
䭵ħҲʦ
濵Уǰʦȴʦ壬һֱڰ֪Ƿڡʦһ췴ħ㳲Ƕ֡˵Ѿһλᣬ򣬾ֻԶݺ⡣
һеҲ˯ˡ
濶˯ŵˣֲʲôɱӦɿ𣿻Ҵ٣
г͢Ա˾ְ
ֻҪŵ濣ʲôϵ
˯

ɫ
ɱ졣
ھȻżСܿͱץסпӦĽҺּңҹͱΧּҴ磬ʣµĶͶΣҸ翹ɱ
Ӱ߳ʬϳԺȣæãûԶɣǴ¥ολʿ⡣
һͰͰͷ̲ˣÿ˻һ⡣
¥ƹһȺڽֿڣҨַͷ
ܹã
ǶԷˣЦ滢ĵزŵϵʬ壬ֱûȱ©ͬץȥȴ취͵͵ĽéүҲУصͷ
˵ϴӣһгرŻ侮ʯһС۶ǳ𲻵Ҫʰéݵȵʱһ
Ϊ£ĪüӰá
Ĭؽһϧ

Щ꣬ûмʶ˾췴
ЩšˡȺ壬Ǵ٣ûͱˣûγɹģǰսңصĳԶĿǰ˿λһ³ǿʱڣ췴òӦ
ǲĽ䭣Ҳ֪ذǵı־ڲͬ
滨ֵķΧͺܹ졣
濺ͽ䭳Ų鿴ʱ򣬷ֺ֮ǰ滨һֻûдǰ֡˷С̯
ҵİճҵֻΪû͵⣬ͷ
̩̺µĵҲˣֻÿ˼Ҳܶ򣬷ֹڻ档
滨ֵİǾûлңˣܳϹ˾ۼڴ¥鱨״֪ʱ߳Է;¥úܣ֪ľϢ
ϰھ¥ߣȻڹ̨żˡ
һҲġ
³ˣҲܴź·
ֻΪħ̲ܳ¡
鱨ͨúܣ֪ӷץħ̸߲㣬ȫ羪֮ʧӰ٣ħһɢɳ
´Ҵææ췴߲㱻ץûһͳһ죬Ϊʲôý
ǳ£Ҫš
ʲô֪ĻڽغúôţҲ֪ǹ
ôΪ֪㹻顣滨ֵЩգȴ򶨡
һͺһƣҰҰ죬˵ħ̵ķǲָ֣
췻ϣû˽ϰɱ¿¥ˡ
̵ľհ̴ЦûʶĶôָ֣û˵ǰЩӣɵĸְħ̵ĺЩɶĶץ书ʣµĶЩèˡ
ϺոձĳۣһЩˡ˹ġһֹţЩħ̫ƽʢǳԵ̫ڽʮ꣬ʲôûǣϷҲϹ¥
ԱЦ㣿Ŵţ
ŲŲæظɽ룬Ϊ˼¼֦ġ
˵бһˣϷص
ͶһΪְߣԱ˼ᡣ࣬ϲ޵ĸŲȲ裬ռأǵøһλǮ
֪ѧΪִ߶˾ָ䭵Ļ¡üαĽòιȥ
ͱֹ
¥ƹЦеصѽôˮȣүȲͨ裬һò裿
ĵϺˣϹȥֻõһʮǮĺò衣
Це˲裬˰ͶһСġ
̵ĸۼˣզ˵ĸӣҲǾ¥͹ǡ
ЦеصǶҷ˵ĺѣǶҷ͵ģСƿͲˡ
Ա߲÷̵ļ˼ʮ϶֣࣬˵ֱ׵Ҫ¾Ҫװͽﳳܣ˼ҵĲɣ
ޡһ廨׬˼Ӿ`˼˵û
뱻ϳ¥˵̫Ļ
ӹͷ·дš滨Ѽ̡֣ڽֹ
ô죬磿ԺӺڽͷҲħ̵ļӦҪҪȥѰǲˣʱ߽ȳ˾öࡣ
Сħƴ󣬱â
Ҳԣг͢أʲô£
ҧͷһȻһ£˵ǲһ޽Ͽˣ
ѾˡѼͲҪ˷ˡ
ħ̣͸ʬΣ
磬ҪͷɳǮЩħӦأǵ˳ǣ˾һսҪǽ÷צǽߣ
ʲôߣɱȥڶˣôڽϻ죿

¥ڣħ̼ǺˣһݣȺħˣ˵ܵó͢ν
ϣ磬ҿľհҲĥɱһǮ׬Ļࡣ
èʲô
ԣ۸ǿˣ϶׬øࡣ
ʲô׬׬ģеħ񣡡
Ŷõġǣ磬ʲôʱ֣
ھȥħŪ㿪ҵ˷һ½


114 
Ѿǵ, ӦĽذԷץ
滨ץסࡣ
Ϊ滨жħ̵ͽΪ滨ָ־Ǹѵ㡣
滨ǡ˳, ѽڰͶ򸾵İ£ַ֣ܿ֯Բһ飬Ѽֵܸ֮ܵ£滨˳ѡ
ַûʦͽǿ, 幥ʱǵ໹, ̫̫һӣ֯, Ѷ˼Ҫȥسǡ˵˵ŰȰȥڡ
ûеһʱԮΪϷ췴, ڷ, ǵķͽҲ࣬ԮҪȥ֮ⷱΧ
ħ̷һδδ˹ʹЩͽηҲ֮ǰơ

濺ͽ˯ˣǽ۲顣
䭿˿ԶӪկĿʽı, ЩĶðģѵı
аհسǳ, Ҳû, ЩıĶðأ
濵Һǿĵ軧Ҷ, ĻбɱεƫԶ񡣡
䭵ЩǮҲͽħͽѡϣ𣿡
濵ǰǡڵħ, ͲǵǸ֯ܵĽ, ˴ѡͷߺ֮, ΪϷҺǿյĹߡ
䭵Ӧѹܲصôá
ֿǽ¶ѻʬ壬Щʬ᲻ߣ
濵ʱڲᡣⳡӦüֲ˶á
ʱԮ쵽ˣɺΧ֮ƣնɱףұɱȥԮһħһ򾡡
濵ͷáȥ׼
䭣
Ȼûֶء
濺ͽ̶سǽµСԺ·ľ磬ʱźѾôҪˣλ·ҪΪ˵ֵꡣ
䭴ԼƵǼ⬼ס֮ǰŷžʱֻС覴ãٴʹȫû⡣
䭵⬼洩Ǻȹ
һС
˲ϳǽ
ԣóǽϵһžҡҲý䭵һȹƮ޶ˡ
ԻҺΪɫʬױصĳǽ̫һҫۡ
濵Ĵ紩ţƽʱģྶͥڴ˷ŸβһȫӢˬ
䭱ͬȥ濲
ɱţһССһ˼ɡ
䭵
䭵ʵĿǰҲֻε֪濲Ը⡰Ľ¡ŵϢȥЩĽڹ޷֪ܡ
Ժվй¶ȥҲԽԽá
ô˵Դͷ
˱ǵ˵仰˼֣Ӣɫǰףƴӡ
ڴΪɡ
濵ĻýǰԼʮı㡣㲻ȥʱ򣬻СС˵ڼҰιСҲڼġ
Ҹ򵥰ȫ¿ڳ嶯͵͵
֪濵İ֮⣬ټ֣ãڴ˵㡣ȥ
һЦͷ
ɱûеȵҹڹ컯֮¡
Щǿۺһħͽɱ첢ܴﵽܺõЧĿ֮ȡ׼Щ֪Ľͽ
䭽ӹݸĺӧǹӧóǹһֻ޴ļе˵࣬濵ɡ
濵ͷֳɫƳǹڳǽһ㣬Ծ
һ̣Ͷǹǰ㣬ӧǹ˳ȥʱǹպ÷ɹ濽£濡С
ʱķӪͷŵһ
һҼҵĶӣʫ飬ϰ飬Ϊм˧šܰǧþһ
ͨձ˵ǧˣʮɨضҡ
Եãȴüͷ
ΪΣ
ִ̫ˡ
֮ǰǰкϹйΪ˼档췴ȴһɱߡմ£ȻرܸߣɹļʷǳС
ھǻϷǮˣͬмλ˹پҪְҼΪ׵ļǿҵ֧£ÿ
Ȩڣħ̺񣬶ΧڵײϼӿƣܱߴҲӰ
ȻħȺһ澭סĻ꣡
˽˵ʱʹҪˣɼʮţ˭֪Ĺûиһ¥ʦؼرܻô׵䣿
񴱻ʦŵʱһµ˭뵽ܳΪŮˣʵ۵ĵ׹ĸʺҪ֣ʹṦҲһ͵˱ؼܱ͵̫ӹô°ߣ
Ҳ˵ⱾؼǼ٣͵ģѵ˭˶ܳΪʦ
˶ܳΪ֣ʦΪǧϸѡֻһӣǧӣһͳ˰
˶гɣЩħ̶ߣ˭ؼʧڻﶼûȣͱᱦˡħ̸߲ȺУԼɱϽĶʮȫˡ
ħ̸߲㱻һܣ͢ץড
ҼΪ׵ļҺǿħУ̫룬ǲƲϵ˰
ŻûüңȥȵˣȨֱָӱǼӵʲô֮
ЩӵùЩӵܼҴҵܵ˺ܲԴУܶˡ
һҲ֪ǧ˴½أͲΪ˴ССĽأΪǣø׺;˸Ǳ·ݡ
Ϣ˵ֹڽأ濣Ϊһ̺֮
λպףϷСسУնɱɱΪħ̸߲㱨Ĺȥͳħ̡һ֮λЯסϷ֣˵ЩɢΪԼЧ
ǰ㡣
¶ʱ򣬺Ȼ⴫ֵ
ʲô
ˣ
˽ˣ˷ŭˣ
ܡܣ
һֲȥ
һ˲䣬һİɫӰгǹһɨһӭϮ
һǹɫǹ⣬Ȼųһɵľ룬ķȴһҪĲӡ
ѾܸоķиƤĴʹ
ʱһѺɫ񱳳ǰֲе
ֹ磿Ȼˡ
źڵ赲һɫҲ֮
ϣھ޼һԾͷǹʽˮĿ
ڳǽϿţĶ
濵ġһ桱
һҺ򴽣ĵһ濴ҲܺóԵӡ
۾΢Уڵͷףɫ̬ȱһֻ伫ΪԣǴʧħǰλʦģýҲħ̶ǰĴɢ֮һ¿˻
˶ʦ
δֽ֪Σ಻֪书·
һж
ƽյ㣬һѳϵâ¶ɱ
Ȼ濣棬ܲļ٣
δֹڲ֪ݵ½֣ȴδн࣬ȴ˽ʽóȻȥսֻ濶ԵеԤС
ΪʦԹۣ˶Էգ
ģϸ۲Ƕ˵书·նΣù
̴ӸһĹģǽͷ泯з
䭵Ľϡϡϣϵһֳֹ鳣ѵЬ࣬Ųڴĳǽϣ˴ġ
ˡ
ֻһ£ĵԣ˽ʵءСƷʡԡȡ
˫ֳֹ鳣棬оͷһ߹۲ħʦʽһ˴ġ
ˡ
濵Ķ䶯˶
ǰ䭡
ûÿһ£ħʦһδЪһδüнӵʱ̡
ΨһһҡƵʵˣȥѽ䭵ĶȫȻģ֪䭵ĹҪںʱ졣
ġ¿˻ˣֻӲ˼ֵĸš
ǹʨӺһÿһʽ·ֽŰ쳣
أ
Ϊҡˣ赸
ˣ
תȦһùģһֳж鳣ָʢҡ
ǹ鳵ֻصʱ
ˡˣ
ԽżΪģͬǰתȦ泯£Թ¡
ˡ
СƵʱ伱

͸ǿʮ˶ĹڳЩδʦ֮˵ĶУֻĪغ
λʦȴڳ⡣
֮ǰǧп֮䣬ʦȥ˶һӰ
ǽ֮ϣǧسǽʿ֮УĹһĨ˵ĺɫˡ
ʱ٣ʱͻʱ羪İʱ磬·ھʿĿڣҲһţһ͡
ΧŴĽ䭣ʱеķҶ诶Ʈ裬ʱϪңҡҷʱǳף
ǳǽ鶯Ӱһֻ˵ǧƻġ
Ʈĺ˿ɢŹǵ
ڳĽʿҲáҲã಻书ֻѰˣǿ彭䭵ģ޷ϸΡ
һ̡
ǶãһмĻ档
ǴȹˣҲǼÿˡ
һʿԣԷŮԻ󣬻ԷŵҪӣæָ
¿˻ǹ
һˣߵֱ֣óʲôĸ֣
¿˻Էģֻ˵һҲ֪δϣһɴָӱٴιǡ
Ǽ䣬ǽºɱ
ĽǣԼ۲ָǣһǵ
ɳ֮УཻѪɡ
ŷѾħڵս
µĺǽͷľ衣
ڹ֮УԮǧܻ𣬻²ڳǽ֮¡
䭽ƽõһ֧׸濡
һǡ


115 
ħŵĺڰ˫ɷ, ǰҲħ̷ɽǺպɱԽǿ
ǰ˱̲һ·׷ɱɳĮ, ڿ꣬ڵüա
ǲ֪ԭʲô£׷ǵĲͷǷ׷׻ȥԭΧ׷½˴ֵ
ǷЩͷȷʵ뿪ٻʱ, ʰװԭԭĻ, ˭ôԸĮ˻һ
˭֪صԭȻ֡
ħûˣ
ڰ˫ɷ
һ˻ؼҷֹ˾ˡܹ˾ûһʲô飿
˶أ̽飬ǰ, ħ̾Ȼ, ϷСվȫ, ҵȫϵĽͽǱɱǷ²ħصγ
Ŷ
ô죿
ԭŵĸ׷ñͷܣûʲô룬ԭĲҲʧĶʧӻĻӻʧȥ˾ԴûںȾƴڳ, ɳĮ˺üµ˳òС
ܲȥɡ
ûħṩ鱨, ѡ, 滹ȷ, ջûˮ, һβһٷǮ, ǮлԺһĵϲ, ǮĻԺ˵Ǯû̵ˡ
һαǲͷץסβͣΪСģںص£һһңܿй¶١
һҲĴٶһ̹һսߣŵĸ׷Ҳ¡
ܻصϼ֮ʱȴյ˽ǰһš
ôţ
ʲôʲô
дһҲŮ̼֣ʢˣӻ˷ѣĥ֮ãΪ˲ˣλʿֽѵơ
Щ֥ٶЦˣαúܡ
ֵȥɣ֪ѲһССǸȡ衢ǱΪˡ
Ͷ·ˣҲһֻ򡣡
ֵܶʰһǰء

˿̵ĽǣѾȥˡ
ǽϵѪֻʣºںɫۼ
ȥֻ¡̩̺Žһ衱Ĵ˵
ĳȫбɵĶ򣬷ݸһλʦͼλ׼ʦ׼ʦڳ´ɱķֱɱѾ졣Ѿ컹ûüɱˣ͢͵ˡ
ֻ֪ħ̵£ȴ֪ħ̱Ҳͳͳ˳
ҵĳңķ䣬նĶΡ
Ұ𶯡
Ϸ޲βˡ
ִ˴ħ֮µӷ𰲿һǧʳأ̲˾ŲУƷոʽ볯ãƷײܵͣҹپҪְ
ηͨУԭͨУ˾ˣƽйǨࡣ
̫У˵ˡ̫ӲȵĶԼֶ֧һԱһ
̫һʱ䣬˺ʹ󳤹׽ʹԵҲӰλȹ̡
رǿƣ̫岻ãԵͣ־ԼȻ٣޷̳дͳԶֵܽʮֿݡɣʵ۵ĸ֮ھ֮
̫ܾͬܵŻӱ̫ӽ˽㣬ȥ𰲿¶УҪȥǴ֣̫ӷڰץ
ǣ𰲿ΪּʹȫشӾǳˡ
һΣйĹԱеȥʵְеֱǨϷ뺷ҾҲáǾЧ»ʿ游ΪϷݡصȵذտ̱νҢҪΪʵ¡
ܰԼõµĻ壬ĻҲҢһսӮҡ
û
ҢʵڽʱѾһΡһֱھ뷱ݲԶϣԼһƽˡ
ΪйܣͬеҾĸҲֻҲͳٳ˽ء
ƽѽһʱ԰Ѿĸ͵ʵ̫æլ룬ֱӴӻطݡ
һǱУǹ¡

濵õҢţ˵⼸վ͵ˣһֵ£Ҳ˵滨ָ׼סҪȫ
ԱԴţ濵ôģħ©֮ҪôСģ᲻Σգ
濵಻֪
䭿᲻֪Ϊʲô֪
ʧЦֲɡ
䭵Ҽˡ
濵˽Ҳ
ЦϵƫҲʵģԺӰ룬ҿЩħ붯˭͵Ϯ㣡
Ц꣬Ŷ˵¡
ǱϢȥΪȡ
濲񣿡
䭸һȥĿŷſжȻЧ
濵棬ߡЧøáǰϷϢʱ򣬻ӲĶеĻǿصߵõĵһǮ
Ϊ濵ۼҲͲʲôˡ
ЩСо濵ۼôӱϿп׵һּһ˺󲻻ḴֻǱȽӰ
֮⣬ҲǶϿȻžòǣṹӣϿҲв֪¶
濹ѹ˲/ԣŻЪԷۼʱԽԽ̣ӦȬ
ԽΪһƣҲҪЩֵֹҩԶĶֲûоõҩоƶҩԷܵµ⡣
Ͽôһָֻţ濣ûǰ㷢𣬶ǻȥϸϸ˼ͬ˱ơ
ҽϵѹ˼ʮС岻ѡ
ҽͿĿҩ
䭾ʱõϢⲻ
Ͽ³ɼѶûоһپá
濴ɫʣںδ
ﲻ֪С˼濸Ը뿪ԼΧ
Цеص˵ɵúܡҼҲǺħ̷ɽ𣿱֮ö徹Ҳˣʱ뾢¡÷뾢ڷݣȥҪǡǷһ飬Ҫ
ȴҪ̹ݣڴˣȥ̸̸
䭵رȻ£ּ֪Ȼ֡
濵ȣһжնɱħʦʢΪԲܺΪҷâӦġ
䭵һأҿɡ
һǰ¶ݣ֪ò
䭵⵹ǲ֪
濵ȥ˵ٰң
䭵á

뾢緢־
ԭΪԼֻǽկ٣ȴϡͿؾħʢ֮Уɴսħһ򾡡
˵͢ļνΪ塱龫ǰ뾹Ⱦ
Ψһźǣ̫
ð꣬˵Ľ߿һۣҲѹŷţŷͬھ
ӣһλԳ
뾢վֹ罣⣿
뾢иԣļҾҲϻۣϰҲ̿࣬ڽȵ˲࣬ΨһŮԾǺųµһֹ硣
˭ɱͬʦɱ
Ѿǧ֮ȡ׼һ˶սʦսʤ֮öضħ̶ס
Ϣں֣޲ۿһս
Ҳȥݼ濣޽飬ЩɡټħԼҺǿץ֮Ϸæµĵ̣͢µĲиˣǷȻҲһһʱ֮ҲѲŹʱٹЩš
˭֪ϲ콵֮˾⣡
ţҪӭӡ
뾢ߵſڣʹİŮЦǰӭӡ
߽ˣȴˡ
Ľ£
ôܣ
󣬸һɫȹŮӣ΢΢ͷòò˵ĸоôȥյĽƣ
ŮӼ񣬺濽ܵĳδޣ䭡
λߣûֱ˵ʣûŤ֮ɫ

죬ϸϸᡣ
뾢ڻعϲּĽ㻹ţ
ȴλսĹæ󣬵ͷµ濡
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116 
뾢סĪļ, ͬʱĵĻԥͻɡ

̫Ľ¡
˵˳ġĽݺ, ɫ⡢ӲͷҲ˵
Զ
ﾲʱȣէһĽ±ˣɴ, ˡ
ĽѾȥ, Ӧ˺Ľȡ֮ȥϤУ÷뾢Ѱ
ŮȴƺƵƵĿ⣬ֹ
濵ϱ, Է뾢ֵð, 벻Ҫ֡
, ֣֣٣ԡ
룬Լʧضֹ罣Ůδޡ
˽ͥԺ뾢ʼЩĲɡҪ˵ҪԼĵ, , ȻӦ, СֻǸ, Ȼȴ, Ҳ˵ʲô費, ұ㽫տ
׾͵õ, 䭾ò˼顣
ؼҵ·ϣ濸ͣսٱ´󹦵ҢⳡսµĺǱǣǵȡλٳʢĿˡ
ֹ硱Ϳϵ׽˽֪ǵֹȥԭϣڻƽ̨ϰʦˣҢܿȥˣﻹнٹ⣿
䲻֪˽½ݵ£֪Ƕ˽鲻ǳ
ôң
濵뾢壬ûʸ֮ģջɿڡ
ֻЦ
ֱӰ仰ͬ룺׷˹ǳ䭶ϲֻ֪̰Ľ١׷
ĵʱԼƴ

濺ͽ֮󣬷뾢߹˳ġڰѹ
ǸǲĽ£и˵ǣŮƶˣϲƭҲΪܣǰ˻Ϊոڻ¡
ۿҵ״
뾢͵վ
ܾĻţʧȥʲôƵģƵĽµһ㡣
У
תȦȻ˿ڷݵ罣۴Ե£Ľѡ꽻ѽ
۴ԵµĶȢޣȥµĽŮִĻֶ
뾢ȥ۴Ե£ԼĲ²⡣
۴ԵҲĬˡ
Ƕˣ鹢ֱҲȷ뾢ʿ۶ǵҲͬӣۼĽ¸ѪҲ֤ȷϢ١
ȷ뾢˽
۴ԵˣĽֱ׵س޹˵
˫ȫйʿϰ߹ٳǹѧ游СҾпɣϲѧΪĲɺáƷкãڻԷСѫڹΡԷҲǵҢŻԪԼӿεĵط
۴Ե¶޶Ҳã÷һһһ˫ˡĽҲཻ
۴Ե֪ĽŮˣҶԸһһݲɳӡҲ֪ŮӲں񷨡
һĿ֮ݣҪ޵Ůӣ滹װʶܸɳ¶
۴Ե»û䭣ǡ
ҽӵȥλ
뾢ˣǲõȺü죿Ľô죿Ȼˣ
ʲôġ۴Եһ㶼Ľ£ȻҵȺ޸ϵĽ£Σ
仰һ뾢סˡ
ǰĽ£Σ
ֹĽ³ףĽ»ת⣿
ֹʱλ̬ǣֹˮЦ
δ̬
ҲĽµԭ֮һ
ĽŮܻؿһأ
һˣôһˣŮˡŮֹ硪
ˣֹ磬ǺųµһĴʦ
֮⣬Ǵ̼֡
ԣԼΪδ𣬺ΪҡǾԼƸȲ
Ϊ䭾ܾԼǵ
뾢תˣûк۴Եλǰк
۴Ե¿ıӰ
ޣ
۴ԵҡҡͷλֿܡùߣЩԸˡ

ֹ磿ȢޣΪθЩͷԡ
Ǻ쳾Ļ֮һʵǺ쳾ϰ壬ڵˮĵϵˡ
ڵѧӣ϶ľԴȥǰµĻһ𴫸ŷ´̿ɱ
ֻǸߣ裬뾭ѵĽŮйͬԡ
ûʦšûֵܽãҲûˣֻøĺѣͱֺպֹһ鶼ûУ֪ΪʲôΪһų׵дױǰ
ֹһηͷʦǡʵ顣
ר룬Ҳ޷ֻܾǰλòʧ

ɽӰȡ
١޷򸾣ֵܵ˸߲ҵһδĶ
Ϊˣһˣϲܻһ˫ӡ
ٵǺܾ᣺ˣǲҪֻӣ
뵽ԼӺȺÿ춼ŵɪɪٵĵȱӶˣֻӥҪǡ۸
ѵĸ޸һЩӥҲٽһ
֪жƤ
Ȼȴó˵ҼĽˡţǲμĻ񡣡
ѻţǶܿġ
ʵȴǣ
˶𣿡
Щ˻᲻Ǵ
ǵȻ˶ȥɣ
Ǵ԰߰һӶϣ
ǰѺǶϣǽȥسǰɣҪǻǲμӻˣ
һһش𣺡˶ࡣĽ׼˵İ䣬úͱ˼˵
ǿ԰СǶϣǲܴ޽ǣúԼɽʳ
μӲУǩĺԼĽµӣĽ˵μ˻͸ǰÿĻ÷ӣϾߣú̼Ҵ򽻵
Ӱˣõİɡ

ͬյģӦӦŮ
ӦݵһιӦǺպȭʦǰŷŴ˺ζݾͽŮӦС
ӦŮսݵʱ򣬾ܵͬеżԳ岮ʦǣøֶѧͽʦʦôˣɺ޵ǣʦ鲻ɣʦ²˵ݡ
ѧͽǲţ½ɢȥһȥ˱ѧһڼҹ
ӦԼӣӦᱻƵסĵطûС
ѱȴûһ书һѰԮȻܿϧ׵λѶûؼңʱϵϡѡ׽ĪͬŵļʦʦãԲڴԼҲ߹ݵ˴ˡ
ʱӦ˽䭡


117 
ȷе˵, ǽ䭺ͽ¥ŷŵһಫһһҹԷ·磬ж, ǡɶ㵽Ӧȥ˳ӦЮˡ
׷еʱҪôҪôѰҡ
䭶
վڴ
λףн¥ɱӹпܾͶǵԺλϽ̽Ǽƽ, ûд̿, ͹һ£д̿ͣ͹һ£
ɱһɧдĽĲ£
Ӧһ·Ͽڷܱߡ
վһԸߵķ鿴
һƬסĶѰϰա˷ݡظ뺷, ʵѰΣաл, һʱ䲻ȥ̽, ǽŴڷвȥ
ǶڴţɱֲҪǣҪ˺ǡ
Ƭ ӦҾ˰죬ķһҼҵȫװûڼҡ
Ц򴽣ץˡ
Ϣؿ
ֱ
Ӧⷢ
û¶һ
ǽһ͵Ϯ, Ѷȵذλֳˡ
䭺ӦӴʶ
䭷, Ӧʺܸ, ֻ˹
ӦǺ, Ӧ, ʺѧɵʽͨ, ò
䭵ӽ¥͵˺Щ书ؼ
Щؼŷֶͨռһڹ, ʺѾ˶ʱɣ𺦺ܴºҪڵ޸͸֧ʣһʦ൱նʦ·
䭴ӽ¥ܵʱϵرӣͣ壬ܳʦԶҲɱŷţԾԭڹûиһ
ӦͺҪ
ǲò˼죬Ҫ߹ݵĴˡ
ڳΪʦһ㶼
ӦڷĲ⴫ŵǷ½֮󣬵õؼ
ӦΪһײݵʦͽڵĶһȦӣӦڽ䭵ָѧϰ书ٺͱݱȶȫǽά
ܿ죬Ӧͳ˵˵Ļˡ
Ȧӣûʸ񱻻ɻаʦУһȺĻȭȡȦӺƽϰۡѲֵС񣬸Ǹʦء
ȵӦȦվסţһΪ˵зĽɫͰŽ䭴̽ϢȻֻһɢĽȦӣܰæ󣬵ǱĬۡϢȴٶȿء
䭾ͨӦİܼ¥ƵղС
һ죬ӦŮȻյһŽ
־ֹȢ޵Ļ
ʦʦʶʦֹ罣
Ӧҡͷδ޽顣
ⱲʶнֻһˣɴϡЦĽǸаŮ
ǣĽѾ
ѵĽн飬Ӷ֪ң
Ҳǧμӻɣǻû˵ڶ˽ӵء
Ȣֵ÷з
ˣ벻Ͳˡ
Ǹϲֵӣ˼ˣǲȥʶʶλֵĴ桢ʵġµһ

ֹ濡
Σ
濰ǴУϷҪȢ޵ǸŮ̼֣
ʲôֹҪȢˣ
ĶԻϱзɴ
£˲֪µһҪȢˡ
ɵҪȫԱʦٳֻɵ󣨻ŵģȫ
֮⣬֣뱤ꡢ塢ɻɽʾ¡ۡȫյ
ֵĽˡ¥ɽݡңɽׯɡӥɡɵߴɲûյȴҲҴҸء
λԱִỹ
Щˣֻмף󲿷˶֣뿴Ůӳô¡
֮⣬൱һǱſЦġһ֡Ҳϣҹò˼
һӽɭַĵطǺ濵ĵλʵܰճ޵ȴһֱ˴ͷַָǱһӵϣַɿ׹˺ŻԵԼЩ˲ôࡣ
Υ׳£϶̲סվ
ǣ̥˷׷׸˽ء

ڰ˫ɷϵǸ·һ˿ֵϻŰ̫ȣ˱ڲЪЪţһ̻ף˳
һʣ֪ѾˣԭĽﱻѺؾˣ˵ܱ䡣
ڰ˫ɷɱӵçʧȥħṩ鱨Ѱն֪飬ȴ֪ҲȥҲ֪ʲô¡
ûϵԭǳš̩̺šġ
˵̺ŵŮմӱ£ز죬һŮͷҪȢޣ¶вƫƫɫգԸΪ꾫Ǯȥ䱦
ȻŮӣÿ춼ڽй䣬޸ֻ
ⲻǰʾʾѽ
Ȼû鱨ǾͺʹǰһԼ£
ڰ˫ɷסʼʱΧû˶ǲɡΪصʵ̫ˣμӻġ
Щֱ˵ӣ֪ӵжôɵµһġ
˵ƽħҵʱ򣬳ǽһ裬ԵʮѾʦǧֱӸһٱǵ˶ףź
ڰ˫ɷһȺ۰棬㲻ôͻˡ
ȻȵѯǷ裬ղѵʱ򣬺ڰ˫ɷȻˡ
ֵܶ˳ûǮǮˡ
⡭
Ƿ˵Ȩû˵һδԲĻǷ
ɷ۾һɣǮǲɣǲƲֵ
æЦĶأһλ࣬¡
ɷߡʶࡣ
ûЦеػش⡣Ǵӽظ
ΪԸ滨˲֪
ʲôʲôʱţûдﲻϲ鷳ˣžʹѾߣʱһСˣÿ糿ˡ
ˣ滨һ̣ڶƤλȥϰͶųưʩƯúܡˣмѼ̣㣬۸񻹱ˣѼӵֵҲơ
һͷȲ裬װû
ֵˣ˿⡰ޡһĭʲôûǮԲ裬ҰһףͷˣȥլѶϲĽ౨ͽ
ͷӦţæһڲˣķ೵շȥˡ
Ÿ˿ǴţҴ˷ҵĲһ۾ͿԣҵĻ۽𾦣ĻôץסǼࣿҸ˵һģɶǽ֡


118 
Ѿеĺڰ˫ɷĻˡ
Ǹս, ͱΧסˡ
λӢۣΪ׵Цشμӡֹ罣Ļ磿ҪǴ·𣿡
˴·Ȼʡ
ֻǡ
ʮġ
С
ɷڵ
ƭѹ
ҵ滨, վլſڣһȺСؤΧǣϻʮġ
̯ǸǮһȺСؤֵĻ𣬶ͷð, ת, Ҫһƴ⼸թС
Ȼ⼸ؤµġ
ɱ𣿡Ϊ׵Ų㺰һҵĸ־ͻ, ͽ, ׼ʦĸ, ܵù𣿡
ڰ˫ɷ
Ϊ˰˵Ĵƣˡ
ǡ
·Ҫʮģôȥ
д·Ǯ죿


ĳһģӸģôߣ
ղ˵˼۲⣬ҪǲǮҾ͸ξˡξ˿ָ֣
ɡ
ڰ˫ɷȻûп۵ľ, η屻ŵ˿, ֻܰһǮȥ, ҧгݵĿ뿪
˹, ҷ, һǺ, ߣǸ߽ȥ
һȺԼʮ, ˵سϢͨˣؤʹ¥ĺǹϵܺáΪǰ¥鱨ųٵķ޵ŮȺӺܶ鱨Ҫԣʣʣ˻鱨Լ°ꡣ
֮ǰץӦϸ¼ڽǸźദԸĽ
Ȼһо̾
úÿ˰
ÿˣ
ɶһ
ôÿˣƢҲɣ
ӽǿһ¸
һΣǷ˿̽լв֮£ȥҽˡ
ȻˣǲΪǿ飬Ϊ塣
ڼĲ÷оµĲϡĳ˰Լļ֮ͣһ¡
˷ѲϵļϿҵؾĴ֪֮Ų£廨Щɰ־
ڣ
һȺΧڵûпнصŽ䭳ŵլˣ١
ϸϸѯ˶ԷòֺʦòԲ֮󣬵ͷã֪ˡ
ǿ黶ϲص뿪ˡ
죬ںɫ󣬶Գ
ǰûϰߣڷӵлĻ֮ͽʱµϰߡɢ
̫㣬ԸϹ
Ϊ濵ʦѰΧ׼뿪滨֣ԱԮԽ䭱ѡ滨ֵһСӡ
ʧˡ
ûڰ˫ɷ
ΪϵǮסֻ꣬ȥѴؤ߿λšΪǵ˳ĴСؤȦӣǸûϳɢҪϢ
ã뵽䭿ԻĽƱڰ˫ɷӲֶ̼Ҷգ滨ֵ˽ƽŵϰߡ
ûǻˣլæûڵأ̫࣬ûô
ڰ˫ɷء
ʱգԼģϰڰɢ
滨ֵĽַھȻ֪ݣ֪ʦͺʶˣͨ糿ս֪Ǹ׺ʹҡһƬ̺ŷˡ
һɢҲ׷סѺõءãû˸ɧš
͸ڰ˫ɷ⡪ס
һϣڰ˫ɷҪֵʱַ뾢֪Ķ
ͳҸý㽭ǽĽأ
䭣ַˣлл
ͫ׾ɫѾǵĴǰ𣿡
䭵һ̺иƨĴǰ
Ǿܾ˸׵ǰ˾ϵĿ깤˲ˣһɢڽֲǵթƭѣ
䭵Ե˵Щñ˻Ļν޲ۣԽͬɳԲѷ
뾢վǸ濴ñʲôصˣô˵ڴʹָˣֻȻ뿪
߸ߣڰ˫ɷˣӿںȻֳһŮӣһȺڵˡ
Ҿ˵㲻ŮӣؿɸҴˣ
Ϊ׵ĸˣʮ꣬ü۽档
ǰĽ͸ղо飿ֹǰкĿģʵ
ɫΧס䭣һԲ϶ļơ
䭸ղ˿û̫ϡΧǣȥ˶ˣתǻмֵˣΧСԺҲкüסǽ͵棬ڰεֵûλıͣ
Ůӣһ޹ÿҵ˺ֹһʣɽԶףЩ޷Ǿǿҽ밢濳ףҪթЩˣ㲻Ҫҥԣԩ˺ˡ
Ůӵ˵·塢ͷĹڴֵǣթ㣿ҿƭӣ
ü޿ֵô˵֤𣿡
Ůһץʹŵĵ⣬ҿ׶ġ
䭵ˡ
ŮӵЦˣߣֹңô˶ˣ
䭵ˣȻ
Ůӣ
䭣㲻ȥǰڮҰɣ
Ůӵ˵Χô˶ˣ
䭵У
Ůָӿ̽ͷ̽Եļ˵ǸղŶˣǲǣ
ֵæ֣ʲôҲû
˵æˡ
ŮӵֹӢǣҲᱻƭˣ
ŮļǵشһȺѹլҵ濣״ܻ˵϶ˡҿȻǾϲƭӣֹ磬ȡǧҪף
ʱ˾ˡĸͽܡ֮£ܲˣһȺڴլУ
˵£̺Ӧס˳ͨ裬ٲ˽䭵ʹ
΢΢̧ͷã΢΢ükʦֶɺ֮
kһɨĵһʱָ࣬Ž䭵
k΢䣬ɶԳ񡣡
kеʲô
濵ҪŶӡkѳɼңʱǰԣĪʦ㲻档
kŵ㣬Ǳ꾫סħ̺ϻڵħŮ
kڮˣֻԵԼĿª
һ㲻ôֱ׵ָ𡣿ħ̵Ҹձ˺򣬱Ϊħ̣пǣı󰸣ء
k濴ʦֵŹ£Сڵչ˺ƫû뵽ᱻָ
䣬ƽ±ҲѹĴ󣬸㼲ɫ
ۼǰҫüյŮ˳Ա񣬽䭵ڳ˵棬˽޹ģ֪㲻ϲңֺαأ
濻Уӵؿޡ
Χ˽ǲ˽˶Īһͬ顣
䭰еݸɫǰһֵǲ˵ôӺʦǴʦŸӣʦаݣɲ˵ôߣʼʩʦʦĹϵҪ㣬ûʦǰأ֪ܣ㼴뿪ӺҼʦʦٺûʦôõƢ
ܺãҶܾڿҵ书ˣʦҲõԼҡĿˣ


119 
Ŀˡ
֮, 䭺´ҹ磬ŵ衣
䭺һǣ, ҳɾʦ֮󣬾ʲô
濵ʲô
䭵壬ó档㲻֪Ҹʱ챻ҧͷİ, ʹر, һץ̣
濵һ, ɫ˥ۡ
䭵ô᣿еտء, ˭㳤ҵأͬϲˮī, ϲ鷨ĳڶֻǷǳ㣬˼룬ֹķ, ò
Цɫ֮, ȴҶĵĿʼ˭ûþ˵, ҵ, ţ, ɾҵƫƫôÿС, Ҿ֪ˡ
Ӳҳ˾ģЦˡҿɲô, 
濵ŶôʱӦˣ޲޸ҡ
Ц޼޼ޣôޣҵһ·߼϶㲻ˣȻ󰮣ȳ˽ҲǿԵġ
濣
Цһ˵k֪ն࣬Ҳ֪ǷΪˡkãǲõġ
ǿʦʦֵ֣ûһֺӣִֻңȻҪʰ
㱻軵ˣҲȻ֮ö֮سǰ
䭲δѯk굽ʲô¡Ҳְ̺ԵӡҪĻȻ˵濲˵ûʲôֵ˵ġ
濵˾ֻ֡˱ϣ飬һֱм沢˾ðһЩĶڣҸպλм䣬Ϊ˽һƬԾ˾˶෽ʩѹ
֮⣬ϻϷ̹ᣬۣ̫ϵгڣ̫ӵûȷ֤ݣ̫֣̫񣬱Ңе飬ţԼ沢Ϊɰ鵲ڲ鰸֮⣬ٳ׷֤ݡ
ҾĸǸ˶
ҲǽŮǿҲǸտء濳ĸ濵ò֪Ҿ˾˵ɫ䣬ֵƴ˾ĸſС۵òУûʶʱ䣬һƻǿԼס
Ҿ˾Լߵ¹ѥŲ˰ûƶ￼ǡ
Ҿ˾˶ˣһؼҿǼ죿
ĸ˵յʱ俼ǡ
ǵڶ˾˾ȥס
֪СֶŮ濱۸ŮɵľĸİҪСֶŮӹԼ
ĿУ˾ˡĸĸĸ
ֵȡkķҲǣУҪźҵĹϵҾֱѵ͸ԴͷϵҢ;ĸֶʱƻ
ڵ֧δǣħ̵УҲʧ˴󲿷ǮơҶ겻ϵңΪ£Զ׼
䭸ЦˣȺ޳֮ˡ֪ΪʲôˣΪǸŰɣ
޵ľ¥˵濵ķӣƹһȺӣѽ̩̺ŵ˽ӡ
żԽҽˣǶ֪ԼǡĽϡͷ޾ȳģϵİżαƺĸ
ƺ˶ˣ˴ţ˵ԭϽˣӶǽϽġ
ҪȻôһôຢӵԸţ
֮ǰһӵС鶪ˣȫǣ
ộ˵ǽ˭ţ
濻е˼ᡪkԭͰ濵ļҵԼģ˵䭼޹һѻᡰ̳мҲĺӣоγɿգæһƻ¡
䭵ûëɣƾʲôΪܼ̳ļҵûмˣ㻹ͽֵܰİɣֵõһˣ
濵Ϊ̩̺ԭҴʦ𴦵ʦЩͻʦּ̳УΪʦΨһŮȻҲ͸õõЩ
䭵ǺЦʦҲֹһͽܣûҰ͹͵Ϯеӻ̺ҲġҲ˵̺ŲŶҪܹˣȫЩѪŷչ죬㵱ҲƣҲģûɡ
濵ʦʱСÿһΪҵʱʦʹģû׷ЩȥˣܶЩһЩúûȥá˭ϵȴǰأҲȫĴóŪģʱҵ֣ϴԣϴﵽĿģҲпܵġ
䭵㻹ڸѡǲǶˣ
濵ֻûкʵɡշΪҽһ׮£Ӧл˲ǡ
䭵⻹ࡣ

kϳֱӰһ·ϻؿջ
ԣûסԼסĿջ
һȺλ׼ʦĶ֣ʩչȫֻǿϡ
˿ջkڿ㳹գһʱ䲻ܽܡ
kغ࣬Ȼң
ΪʲôܣǴģ
kһٵʱֹҰ˳Ǹαƭӣɶʦģ
ֻʡʡɣʦǰĴã㲻ġ͸㣬š
Ϳĸζ̲ˡ
ͬǽĻŮʦͺͶԵúܡɼ֮Ĳúܡ
kֲҵĴֹô飿
һԱߵľϣ㲻ʦ֣
kе
Ҳţ
Щ꣬Ȼֹ粻ңƫʦҼҵ⣿
㣬Ƣôôǰ鷳Ȼֹ綣
ɼﻹң
ǰЩʱգռһǣңȥ濵ĽҢλҲͿңҽߣҾĸҽ͡Щ˵Ϊֹ磿
Ҵ˲ͬ
Цʲô㣿˵ЩĻУԺ׼ʦ֣ǰûòڸǸ֪˵ķ˾
Ҹ㣬ʦûж㣬Զ㡣
ֻǵΪӰʦŴãû뵽ôߣǻ
ʦ˵öԣ˵۹⡣
жԶԶҪʦ𣡡
˵궪תߡ
ʵ濵ԭǣηԣʶʦ¿ȥ
ǰںˣŪԼʦ̫ں˵ʧ˱ġ
òСԼؽ滨߹
Ƴϣƽ
ƺմȾ̫ෲ̻ڸԭĹâ
ֽ䣬ǿǸκ֤
ǿһԾŶ߰ٿĪ硣
ƺͨЩȴҲһʱ˵
ֻǾͨ泩
ʲôһֱĶƿˡ
ڵҺ书ɡ
һ֣صլѽڵСԺѽе
ˣʵʦ㣬
һ㶣Сʦãڵң
ѽڵǰʦ㣬˵ĻԵҪˡʲôԵ
õЦˣܡ
ѽڣ


120 
Žӿ཭, سࡣ
ΰѹҲˡ
һԲϾͳ鵶ν
ûεξż̴Ϊ
ẓ̇ͽܵ, Ҳ֮ǰ˵ͶشŲͷ
Ҫ֪ϰ֮˵޷ǳߣĳҲṦ򡪡ʿ۴Ե¾ǽʿûнǰĳֶ͹صϰߣСټ˻ʵ۶ǹ, ֻںҪĳ, Դǳ𾴵˲Ż¹
żǴ񣬵ûüڣһͶأٿĻ, װԱħ̵ִ, ɼ²һ
кͽ˴򽻵ḻΰ, ԸЩ˾ɶˡ
濺ͽ䭻ǰһ죬ձЩ졣
˵⼸k̸رϷɴҺǿֿܡ
kħȻͰżιϵǳȻᡣٳ, ⼸ԾҲΪɱŷű, ֮ȫȥ, ˿ԭĻ硣
ص, ϷļԼһЩǿΪǺЩ˽, ӦԿаء
ʱ̫, kҲͲĨǣֱƽϽ, ħƭȺ
˵濵ĻŮ֮ȢޣҲĨɱ嫵ĹҪ˵ħ̣Щûš
֮Ĵׯ԰
ԭѾɵúܺˣµĸ죬ȫϽ䭵ϲãҪϪߵ֡Сݡտ̨
ׯ͵ԺӷǳԺ˺üʮΧԺҲˡ
˵ĳӺЩǷݹΪ¶ݺЩ¥Ъҵһ졣
ӴӴ¥ĺԺһȺϽͼޣҲƶϽˡ
ǡ⼸Ĵźܿġ
䭽ճףһɫ£ûӡ
˵ҶŮӣڷԲ֮ڡǲУͬ
ǽ䭺һС
ԭ˵Ļ񣬽׵ɴź۹ڴס棬ڴĽС
׵ŮӣŮʽĺۣ뽭䭵ļ£Ҳû棬ҲûӣǴµļ²
ֵ˶ؿǽյʢװ
Χ۵˲нصıˣаڵΧسǡׯˡּұץߺ۵֤ˡųϣҲڽֱ߹ûҲ֪֮ûдȥ
ׯ԰˾ͽˡ
ֻʣߵѣԼļԱĻǸ·ֺܡ
ֹףǵĶˡûбģҲԴ
Ȼûܳɹ
˺ڰ˫ɷ

ڰ˫ɷʼĴȥ˵
ֹܱģмָ֡ޣ
򲻹˵
еǣû·ˣ
ȥ͵ӣص˹еḾˡ͵£
˭֪ˣǸ˶˵һԼϵĳľϻӣ齣Ϳ
ĳôĵ
˶ܲܡ
ǸƺǲˮȻǿѼ̫
һõ·Ҳױ˷ϣƵˡ
һССĽأôˣӶҺöԷûŸ״Ҫͨ¶֪ؾʹȥˣ
ǰһİһǶéݶﰦ̾
ʱ򣬺ȻһȺŷҰˡɽϵ·ЩӹĲλһɽԻ
Щ˳׺ݣĬԣƫǻһ¶Ǽǿĺ֡
ڰ˫ɷŵɪɪ
ȺȴƺûаǷԹ£Ŵƣ·ǡ
ڰ˫ɷսսشϡ
ҹĻٺȺ˼һҲ˯
ڰ˫ɷһ䣬͵Ⱥָֽ
ԭǷǮȴΪ˴򽻵ѡסһ·Ƿ¶ޣѹֿΪҰؤƵģֻϵİԼϵıǿͦǮ
ڰ˫ɷȥԶ滨ֵĳϻһ̯͵ˮ˵ӡ
ʱ򣬺ȻȺԻҪȥׯ԰μֹĴ顣
ڶͷۻֱһѹһ˲ԺĲǿԽӽʵʩܣǻȥһٱ
ҲȺԻ᲻ǣֱ㶵ظȥׯ԰
ׯ԰ſڣᶽеű߽Ļơ
̩еˣᶶɣһʱ࣬ͬʱЦеҽڰ档
ڴſڸ滨߽ϵĹࡣ
ߵˣҲ̩̺˾ƹǽˡΪ˰磬ƽʱҲӴٽˣдЩܲڻ¡
ǱЩӰʿǲԴǣ˴򽻵Ϊ󣬲ҪѯʣֻܴԺСеȴ
һӰȵˣæ԰ӭ˰ǴСаڰ˫ɷΪȺŷƣҲΪӰȵˣһӭ˽
Ӱȵֻͷ·ĺڰ˫ɷûӾͽˣΪʶĿˡ
ڰ˫ɷ˫УȻɹˣ
СʵΧ˼磬һǽԲΧӸȺֻеڡ
ǲ˵ȴΧ˵
λħȣ紫Ű㣿
ǰɣ˵ϻڵʥŮȷ顣
ð֮踣ħȢؼң³͢ǰĹΰɣ
ڰ˫ɷ͵͵̣⻰
ħ̺ϻڵʥŮô֪ʥŮ˭𣿱ҲԶ

Ժ
k֪ĸͻ˽ָʹд״ţȥ֪ҷݳա·ܿħ֮¡
֪ħ̣һһʱ߽䭵顣
ʱ䣬ڻϱߣߣôţ
k뵽һգֹڶŵ汻ݺֹĿªһ¶ûðɣ
kǿСϣźѣ˭ֹ֪羹Ȼڤ粻飡
һ鰮
¼£ͰħŮ
һֱΪֹôãΪ˸׵ŲΡ常ȴһֱ˵棬ⲻֹΪ˰ռʦвҵֱԼֶΰˡ
ʱ棬еǵҵ֪󲿷ֵĲҵתƵˡ濡ϡ
常˵öԣֹȻǶͼҪô̺šƸŻôã
ϸϸֹͼ²ʦµĲҵеԼ
ǰֹ֪Ů磬֪ˣٻǰŷء
ʲôʱֹԼԶأ
֪Լĺø֮ɣ
һˡ
ȺŮ磬ԼôãһΪĽŻ顣ôͺȻԶأ
ôױҲΪɣ
УԼҲأ׼Բ֮ҹ͵ϮҹʥԬ¸֪Ҳֹˡ
ɼʹˣҲֻǶ׷ԼĹ
Ҳɣ
ߣ¶Ŀˡ
Լž֣ΪҴħŮĿ
ǿʦ͸׵ķݶϡܾһۣȻ˭ǴģħŮһϣЩħ̵ҰǸϳ̺ţԼҲǿԭˡ


121 
ִĵһ, ˵˷޺ͰżΡϾֶ˵ǵ֡
˵ǰżϽáʱһ˲ԤС
ûãԤоͳ档
˵䭾С£
С¡ƺ, żκͷ޵ȫһƤ
ȷʵˣԽ䭵ĳƺ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǰദô
˵ҲǡԼ򢡣
ĵķһ
ֵˡ
Ů˱ϷƵ֮ˣʵϾһ̳ӡ
ȴŵڶĽˣٽС¾Ͳˡ
ֻһƵͽСɣ
ޣ
֪֮, 
²Ҫֱڳ׵°ɣ
Ǹʮ۸ڵ÷
γ, ΪϽ֮ǰݣȻͽǰװ֪䭵ݣֹͽۡ
ֹ, и׵, ѱλõֿܷ뾢ŵԺλã
ñֿס, Ϸֱ𾴵һѵߴ
ǿƵŵλ
ġذһȺݷ뾢ͬȾƵʱ뾢ͺȵȥ˰ɣ
εľϯðְƵװϽϼ˹ˣϣһ̳Ƶֵʮ̳첻Ƿ뾢, Ǵǰ׷󹻡Ľ¡Ľͳͳšþơ

ˣˣ
Եͯ׷Ž׵Ķ顣
һ·, ɮһȺǸں, ̧һͭǮ, һȺСΧ, һһͭǮ
, ̧⼸ٽĴ
ԶԶرתǴڸͷ, 
ׯ⿴ֵ˽ãΪŮӳɻ鱾;ף֮£ЩСҲͲΪˡ
е޺Ҳ׷׳ӭء
۴Ե¡Ӧ׵ͬ
뾢ڵĽ䲻ԶϷֵĿܡ
⻹ǱнĵʿЩмһлԼ˾͸ˣһҲ濱ϣѽ޳ȥˡ
׷ߣĽйҶĽĽꡣ
ŮдС
ǵλⰲŵġֻΪ֮ǰΪĽԴסֵľ¡
ǰȺ˵ὣţҪһ˶˾͸˵ˡ
࿴˳ۡ
ȻĽ¡Ѿȥˡʱͬĸо
ʹʧĿˣ
˵ǰ֣²סĲɣܿʹ˹ŷһƴŮЦò
￴˿ûϯԹԱһʹ޵ŮŮĵСﻹͦǵģһҲصô¶컹֧֧᲻׼Լ͸¶Щ׷Լ͵͵ȺǰѡǰŮѵ
֪һҥʲôǰǰŮѣû£ڽôһѵĲΪƲҪһ
ڽŸͷ߹ʱǰ׷ߡǣÿϵϤӰ
Ȼ䭵ߣȴֻס˰Ⱥִŵ׷߶ԣԽ䭵Ϥڷ뾢˽⡣
ǡɵǣȺ˸ոջһ佭䭵òϰߡС൱Ժϸϸϰһ顣
һۿȥϵˣζôȥµĽƣ
һ£͵ĽŮǺεȵƣ
ʱշ߶߶߶˵ʲôšȴֲ¡벻Ůˡ
ΪΪɳսܲĽµĽ¾ȻĻţ
֮ˣ
ǶûĽµģϴҲпܵġ
һ̣Ǻ͵ķ뾢һ˾ɲã

濺ͽׯ԰Ҫ߽ׯ԰ʱȻһԶ
һ£ݻã
ü
йֳֳǹʮŹ
̣ˣ
Ҫץ
й¶ˣҲǳ͢Ŵϴˡ
ֹףͷǴǰͰνȥ˿ˡҺûǵԼҵ̣Ųڿڲԡ
ȺﱻڻŵkһĻЦˡ
ɣǲħŮⶼΪһЦ
Ŀ˵ؾۼ˳ɰǧĽˣ췢飬Ҳܿ촫ϱ½֪
ͲţִˣԺáȻġֹ罣޽ٵٳһף
ԱɢҥԵʮ
kƫкԡǶˣֵġֹ硱ɫǻ裬һħ̺ϻڵʥŮ
ֹһģзâ཭˺ѰնԮ֣֮𣬲ϧðɱԭʦ
ǶֵɡĴЩ嶯Сᣬı˵ĸţʼkĻ
ϾϵŮ죬СϱĶo֮ķˣҪǣ˵ֶϱõֻίߡ
Ȼ֮ȴʮе
˵˼ǲ֤ݵģһƫͻγǢ߼
ԭͽŽɵǣӹľǰ׽ý䭣һɲཻ
ħŮץˣһֳִ壬ȰһȰֹ磬Ҫɫ
뵽ֹλµһԵڳ̲סֻĿ⡣
ЩǷıɣĻ񣿡
书־ô᲻Կ֣
ֹ罣ˡǽҸͷȶҲԴµһζ
ͽأûվɽѩࣿ˵ųСֹ罣ɱ²ڣ
ˣǵİҲ˰֮ġ
ĪǴģ⽭ǳ͢շ
˵ħʥŮ
ѽڻϱץߣǡ
˵̩̺ŵǱָ֡˵ˣŮӦ£뾭ѵֻӴ˭ң
㣬ôִ
ϣԼõ⡿ԵӸֻпԼıӣܡ˼ɡ
Ȼ˶ݣ˳һ߰ϲһ˵ŵĺϧĻ

ڲͬǡǰ׷ߡ
ԭĽΪʲôûˡҪҪֽˡ⡣
һͷȻǳ־ˡ
ǡ
͢ոɨƽ֣ħ̣˵һ֣ѾкЩɽӵ˳͢ġִᡱˡ
ǳֽˣ϶ᱻºͨİ
˶ˡ
Ľµ˳ⷽ͢ؾ֮ˡ
ͷˣٰг֣ȥˡ

֣
ѰԱɳ
֮ģȴƲԼ뿴ô¡һˣǲԶķ뾢
뾢⼸߶߶״ħʲôħϣҲǰ򶨷
Ⱥķ뾢λ׷Ľµи涼ǿһȴվñǻԶ־ؿŽ䭶Գ͢ıһҲгȵ˼
뾢ʲôأ
룬Ľ´ǰˡ̴򽻵û͹ٳүǹĶǹһúñʰʰֻ֪ܽ
ңڹٸǱ߻мֱ棬Ϊ˷ˡħȹͶ֪˸͡
ЩĽ³Եͷ֮Ҹħ̵ˣȽӳ
ʱܲ߰м㡢أ
Щ꣬Ů񣬿ɼ޸һŮҲԸѡȸ
˵ֹ罣Ҳǰְ
ǣԶˮȲ˽
ⳡʢĻ;ϣѵܳɵڶף
ʲôֹ罣ֹؽΪЦ


122 
Χ֮ɫ, ˼
ȴںô롣
𽥷٣߽ׯ԰
ʱſ, Ϊ׵ˡ
ΧصİҲϳˡ
ǲδ𣿡
ξ
ٶȥ𣿡
δôˣ㲻ڷݣ
Ϊγ͢ղҢһн䭾ʹ濴֪Ϣǰջôλ׼ء
һ߹ֳ濺ͽ䭲ݲݼ˸һָӹɢ, 죡ƬؿճʹϾҪˣ
Ƕʱˣ
ʹ
ʹʲô
Ǿʹߣ
ǲǳ͢ղˣղˣ
ȺҲ, ̫
Ը˱תͷ濵ִˣʥּ͵׼㰸, ӭʹ
ļ, ּֽ, ƶʹĺý𰲿ֲǻʵˡ
ҵ㡭ѽһ֪ˡǧ򲻿ɵ
䭲⣬濡
濺µ֣ȴûΪ󣬶ǳõЦЦԸѽȥ׼㰸ƻĩȥ׼ʵţ顣
֮, Ϊ, ӷࡢء˵ޡżΡ̺ɵȶеѡĸһһ㰸ȴ
һ, ƥ۶
ƥ, ԡɫ, ׳, ʱԶԲಽǰУҲ׳Ƶ˳ա
ٿϵ, Ĳǿף޵ĳۣķڣһǹ˵װ硣
Ϊ׵һŮӣһȣڣ㰸ǰԶһ
ǰ߸˻߰
㣬ûɣ
Цʱ򡣡
ΪˣҼҰ䭡ϴߵÿ죬ûü
Це񣺡ɩɩ
ҲЦеػ񣺡
ֻһӣ˶ԷҲǲС֮ˡ
ǽ䭵һμҢ
λĳࡢȡɣʮַѰ˶Իҿ룬һ֦ķɫĵ
Ң֮ûжຮѣתͰԱأԼ˹վ·м䣬źִ
мһƥƯİһƷŮӡ
Ůסͣ£ҢڵǰһԾֺõطŮӣһԹǣ
ҢΪŮӽܣǽյ»ӣ䭡
ֶԽ䭴ܵĸ
ұֺߵˣȻȻǲϹصģҲѹҢڡ
䭿λ˵еʮò۽ǵƲԣɫīڣûһ׷Ƥжȣ˿̬
˵λѾʮʮͿʼսɳҲ֪ôôã
Ȼ𾴡
Ѿáλһλʦ缸ʮĴʦ壬Ҳһ֮ٹֵɱѾˣǵŮʽȢ޵һˡ
ºһص
ֻ濵ʦ尲á
䭣
ɻ󣬴ȰЦҺ濵ʦƣ껹һ壬ЯֶԿоĸ֡
˵Żпǹ˺öˡЩѣŵľֻʣҹ´
ԱҢҡĵ˵ҺҲѰǹ´
ޱֹ̲ŲںңҶҳ߰ˣѰҡ
Ң
Ҫ
ôôӣ
̾
Ңæתƻ⣺ȸּ
һóʥּݸҢ
ҢæȵؽӹʥּԻһӾǰֹ±𢣬֣֮֮֮ߡΪΪϽŮǑ䭣£УĻ壬ȻŮ֮ϣԽؽ֮áͽƷھ
һ˶ʥּ롪˽䭡
Ⱳӳ˵ȹǰ·ⱲӻûˡʵҲһ濺µƣָⰴأ˫ϥδմŵ档
ķĻ˾ǲȨ
ͬΪʦ濺˶û֡
ɨһۣüûҴ
ʵ۶ǴĵϲʥּҲдúܼࡣ
Ңһ̫дľΪ
飺֮زز仪֮ڹ飬Ҽҡ

Χۡ
ʥּ˵ɶ˼
˵Ǹͷ˴ͻ飬ַ˷ھ
ھǿɲˡ
ŮӺŮӳףʵүھ
ʲôھ
ƷˡĹٶһأ

ǽ䭵ļѡ
£УĻ壬Ȼ
룺£У꾫ѵͲ𣿣
ӦҲúЦ֪ܲĽŮʲôˣ
ͻʥּȻĶ࣬һʥּԭǸģôʸֱף͸˿ЦáȻƫĽ䭣һ
۴ӵ½ʿ׽ղܳ⡣һֱؿž
ʥּһ¾֮⡣
Ļ壬ȻصذѽϽݵ𣬻ʵ˰ɣ
ʥּﰵʾϽͨ飬ͨãһҪϽ
˵ҲǺ¡
żεûôֻ࣬˿þ͸ˡ
£УĻ壬Ȼ
ҰþˡҪôΪ͢¥أ
ΨӰȵˡ
ǴͷβڵͷĬĬԷ
û¾ͳԷ
¾ͰνϣΪѽƴ
١޷򸾻ﲻ֪ʲôʱֻԴĬĬذȥ
ڷϳ뱻ͷ

ûлٳԶ볯ãжʥּǰֻ֣̿ʥּĹ̡ҪǷΧ̫ʽˣոȱҲܵյĸȾһʱЩ
Ա߿濽ӹʥּƾֱ׼ģ
濵ͷ
䭵˵ڻʹʵҪһʹͣʥּ
ǡֹ硱ֵһ¼аݣ˵ô˺ܶ˻ڲ²ֹʲôʹ͡
΢ЦǡҪлӢ
䭵Ϊʲô뵽
濵顢еģҲҪС
濰ʥּУĽ֤
䭴˶Ҫ˵еЩʣû˵ֻЦ
һԵҢ
ôĪˣ
ȣҢɤӣ㣬ðˣĪʱ
ǲְˣ
ŹһģһݵӣԼɫµ١
ƺҪԼԣ׼ˣĬõæίѡ
ӳ࿡ЩᣬһǸƢõĹ幫ӡ
˭첻ӰҲпԭ
Ңһ䣬Ÿ䭽ܣλǾŻԪ𡣡
ԪһЦǰͨһڵأʵͷֺǺǵغԪ𣬸ʦʺãʦʺãλմϲǵͽĺ
˻žͶء
濣
䭣
ǰһĻ˵졣

Ңְ̫ٹʮɡ
ֻɱųΪ
ֻɲ
˵иصĵӣ˵ǡǰû˵ǾŻӰ
þŻŻһµϡ
Ңһ㲻ؿʼָӻ
ʱѽڶ˴Ա߶һţƻĩġ
ƻĩҽָֻȫݡ
Ңӹݸ񳿵ţ黹ûȣˡ
ȡҽҪȾơ
Ң˵ˣÿҪһ롣㲻֪Ҫȥ鷿̫ĸдˡ
дＺŸĸףոѹʵТȸ߻ʺ
Ȣףʱ簮ŮĻʵͬˣ˰ˡʺͬ⡣ҳĻʺΪǵиչŮ
ÿ챻ʮ͸Ƶ֮ǰҲûźҰҴñӡ
ʺ˸ҹ㣿ٸѡͻݵ
ʱĹԻʺ˵һܲסҡ䣬˭Ļ
ʺҪ
ףùʺһ󣬻Ǽˡ
ףͻʺ̸֮󣬻ʺ˿ڣԹ˵ҿԵͷԺ¡ʳסУܡһ˿ĹҶҪѵ⡣
ףࣺлĸء
ʺ󣺡
˭ĸⲻҪĺ꾫
ʺȥĲѣԲȵ飬ڶλʵۣҲĴ磬ףȥȰ
ףҲȰд˵һ⡰Ｚţڹ߾Ҫ
æֹ˰ЩĻģûҼ¼дʷףֻܹ࣬Թ˵Ļ
ԽҢһ˵дšͷֻۣܺһ˹һظӿȥˡ


123 
Χ, С߲ҪؽȺ
ˣŻȴǰ, ˵ľһûԶ
ŻӲͷ˿¶˿ݳЦЦſƣ競һһЦݡ

Ϊʲô˷ͨл˦
ŻӵԺҺҢһ񣬱һִڷݾ, δ˶հ

˵Բ
Զĵطĺǣ
ְȥ˼, ݵĺǾͲҲͦá
Żƺ֪ʲô, ʻҼв˾, ó׺ʹֻصһ
Ưһһ, ϲ

ܾš
֪ͽܣͲӦý˲£

ׯ԰á
ȡȣ
վϲϣŷĴɫ£һ㣬
Ÿ̨ϰŵλλ񣬷ϼƷ
ݸ׳
ǵĸĸⷽ, 㰸ı濵ľ˾ˡĸ, 䭵常ĸ
˶԰ݣ
һЦ, ԰ݡ

Ժ˼ǽϿ
Ⱥָ˵ǽϵһ򵥡
Ժǽϡ, վšˡ
뾢վ, ԶԶؿһĻ, һˮϣʡŭԹ޼尾ŵȼĻ, Ҳˮˡ
һ̣·ԼӵеͲƸûе
ȥ塣
ûмŹ񣬷뾢ĬĬת뿪ˡ

֮ǰΧ۴ͻʥּǰ׷ǣһ
Ϊûгֽ˶ˡ
֪˭˵һ䣺϶ĽϡĽϲܶһŮЦôաҿֻм֮ˣĽѾȡ壬ŷͬھˣ
氲һ˲һ͵˵öԣĽ磬СŮ˵ģ
һλŮ׷ߵҾ;ﲻԣĽȻƣûôôӯ
ӯڳ˶Īضˡ
лУĽαӣܼ޸һˣ
һһó֤ݣԽԽ϶ԲĽ£
ȻĽϸܸ
Ǽʧһ߻һһ߱ͷʹޡ

ãСͽѽڶ̣žƺƱһһơ
ѽڶ˵ľƣ͵ˮǺȵľƣǸ߶Ȱ׾ơȻζȺΪӣƴ˾ơ濺ͽֻǾһȦСûȹ߶ȾƵĽ˶ſˡ
ǽߵС䣬ڸܵ˾Υ
Ȼ죬Ψһ
ͲΪʲôЩôҵô໰⡣
ˣеİ˱ǻĬ
Ǻڰ˫ɷ
˶˺ü죬¿ʼ͵͵ʼ̣ղׯֺģһһȲʣǰġٻȥ͵˼ˡ
 ˾ˣڿʼˣѾԵöӹԲŵܡ
ͬʱҲ±˷ֵǸǻһֲ˵
ͬӰҲ֡ԭҲĽı
ܾÿύޡ֡
ǽˣ
ҺҲûǴ
.
λѣþò
ˣ˵ֲ˵Ƕֻɵ̵İɣ˵´ɵҾͰǹë
޽㣬ҵӣҺͺ춹˼ѰǷƷֵ£ԴЩңҰˡţǲãұ֤һǺã϶ҵãһһֻɣЩˣͳ۸Ҳǲã
ܴ磬ǻðɣϴαһٻǳ𣿿Ҵȥһ԰
ֵܣҷЩĲ֣ϴ㲻˵Ӱȱɽʪͺͺôֲݳڶʪ֮أʺ¡ݰԣС¹˵Ҳԡ
֪ǲ˵Ҳǻػһ𰤸˵
Ⱥ˼İ濣˼˵ֻ͵͵˼ֻۣͷЦȾơ
ֵ˺ڰ˫ɷ
䭣λǣ
תͷ濵˸ɫݣѣ
΢΢ҡͷ
ڰ˫ɷҲڻɫ
ˣսˡ
ҪҪ֣ץֹǮ
ƨʦԱأ
䭿ǴźӰһ·ֶԴ˵ĪӰȵˣĵЩѯһ¡룬ָԱߵλܴ磬ĺæŰӭ׶ӣЩǳԷ
˭֪һȫһãȻĺ䣿˭
زˣ
ܲܲҪİ˹
䭣յͽܣġ䡣
ᶻȻ򣺡Ҿ˵ôе졣
ֵܵͷԭͽܡ
е㲻ԸǻʶһԷεѽ
޵ĵ̫ãǻ᲻ΪǹΪͽܣ
䭣ۡͽҲʵġȻͽҪΡ
ǺһȺ˽һȺ˺İദŤܿͻȥ
.
ƣ䭰鶼ͽܺǣԸ͵͵濶㵽˺Ժ
ڰ޳ˣĸȥ
ԶԶأ˾ȻûнݣжͷڣͤУһ¡
Ҳ֪濶˵ʲô濼ᶨҡͷ
䭲ĵ濣ٿǿ
濣ɡ
䭣ԵĿԵģֲҰ⣡ӣΪˡءҵ죬Ҿֻεڴˣڻ԰ΪΪˡ
濣
濲ǲ˵Ļ֮ǰĿªĻǲܶԽ˵ġ
ЩεĻҲڳڣǰı͸ˡ
˵ֱ˵򵥡
ԡ
һ֦ݸӮˣҾʹӦ㡣
üһ˫ĿŹ⣺˵ģ
йһȫ֡
ʦȻû֣˫ʵһŵ㡣
һҪʽ۴ܲҪԼӮ

񽣷ƿһ
ɳɳɳɳ
ֻϴ䭵Ц濣
һöͭǮڷɳ濷ȥ
ӰԺߵһôԾ𣬶ӯѸٵƮ԰һҡ
濶㿪֮һöͭǮóźڰ˫ɷķ

ͭǮںڰ˫ɷǰļɽϣʯɽʯӶǡôڶ˸ԵŶϡ
˻
˳ʹʹʦηúµýӲĶסˡ
Ӵ
ڰ˫ɷͬʱס죺
˭
˭ôҪˣ
ڼɽϷɽʯͭǮı˷Զһľ֮Уľ֮У˿һӰ˳Ժⱼӡ
ڰ˫ɷһæס
濱֮ܿ󣬽䭰㲻ɣ׷ᣬ֦һСɨǧס濼ŵķ
һƳؿڴ任
䭲ܲãؿһͦ͵¡
濣
濱Ϊץһץסڣơֵ񽣵ס͵Ϯ֦
Ȼؿۣ濵
æɿڶܣڿҶһż֦һŽ֦һ֦ɾ͡ꡱһϳڡ
мһ֦һǱӵġ²Ӱ˳ȥк󱳵С
ۡ
һѪ
ڰ˫ɷſ壬Ǹŵ
ô
ĪҲܡ䭡ţȵȣ
ţ
Ҫܽ䭣ǸȻÿò񻰣Ϻ͡µһѷֲٵŮˣ
ɷ
ɷ
Ϊʲô벻


124 
ɽׯƫԺ
濸˰ŵס, ׯ԰￿ɽֵһľСԺ
Ԫ鹫Ϊɣȥ˷ݡԺʣҢԼһȺ
ҪȾ, ѽڲҾƸѹ׵Ѿƹ˳ȥȡһС̳
߹ȵʱȻðһӰһӥצץҢĲ
Ңо̿͵Ϯʱ, Ѿܽˡ书Զ, ʹ֪ΣڿҲ޷ܡ
ƣ
Ӱһö, Ϯ̿̿͡һ, ľ, 
д̿ͣ
ⰵһ»ףֳ崺ϡһնˡ
һϮۣһסҢӭ, б㽫һ˳ȥ
Աֳ̿ͱⰵ书߳, һӵ, ҪȡʤҲķһ
վסɱ

Ңסְɡҿǲ, ôš
ҢԵһ, ȴ治ɫ, һȣһֶ˲Ѿ, û˿žƺ©һΡ
ϵʿʶϷ򣿡
Ңȫôϵ׳ĵŸֿҲڶҵȻʶ˵ǧĹײİù⣬ôħ̣Ҫɱ˱𣿡
ϵʿɡʥ̣ռƱĹߣҲˣʲôϷҪѪ񣡡
ҢѪ˵ɻûѪ񲻹ǷԿףеľе׻ֵǮ˵ûʲôô
˭˵ϷûãǱ֮д൱¹˵书ؼҩ񵤡֮⣬ͭħ̶ûˣ⳥Ϸ⳥Щư֮Ӧ֮塣
ҢȷʵûѪ񡣲ԼЩƱͷңȥȡ
ϵʿסĲϻƱҲҪΪҲ֪ǻҵƱаǣƱȥׯҲȡǮͶҾҪѪûѪɱѪϷԾѪûѪԣ
ȡȣúãȣҪѪּ֪峤ֻϣȥȡ㡣
ϵʿһšĹؽжˣŭѣּҵ̵Ѫ̾ͱֻߣҹּϲֱǰЩּұѪ䵽У㵽ˣְѪ񽻸㣡˿Ѫϣ
ϲκƭԸұּ̽Ҳرɱϲᱦ˭֪Ȼð֪δðĸֺŮң͵Ѫ񣡲ڽðգ
ׯ԰ʦһ濣һǲ֪ðϽŮ䭡Ŷڣոðͷֱ˿̣ʱӦûԺȺˣŸƫԶԺЮҢ
ǼĻۣΪ䭲书ĸǱȥԺ͵Ѫ񣬾͵濺˺õѪ
˽⡣ƥһȰȴʱҪҪԼȳ֣֮ߣϣǼܰսʦһԱԼ
Ңʼ磬ðɺðɣˡûӡ
ΧԽԽİǶˣǱЮû취ŰѪ񽻸ʲǴҰӣǶҪ֤֪𣿡
ڰޱ飬Ӧŵǣ
ҢԵȫ˰ɣӦˣôţһƱƷҩôǣЩҲֵʲôǮɽؼҩʲôģҲֿѵöŲ¡Щͷ˿ֵǮأ˵˸϶㡣
ȫ
ͻȻҪѪˣŮɱô£

ȫҡҡͷȻð뷨ȥǱ滨
Ң鷿ѶõǰˣѪɣ
ȫѪڻУ뿤Ϸһ̡
Ңû⣬С˼
ȫЮߵԺԵ׼һưǾͻỨѸľȥ޷ȫ׷
ûü֣͸оȫ뷢ըѣͬͻס
һ˲ͷǣѵˣôô죿
Լֱûлͷ鿴ϰҢԱһƣʩչṦ
һֱȼǰĽ䭻Ҫ죡
ǽһƵնӡıϡ
ۡ
һѪ󣬵ȫˤڵء
һƼǴ
ĸ
ҢƵĻίĽĸôų֣һĹԹŮҪħ̷ͽˣ˼Һú£
ô£žƺ
ҢǸĸѾƣ֮ء
ߡ
ȫ
ôѵǸʮŮ˾ȻѾʮĴ󳤹񴣿
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ſɳ۵ŮľƺֻطﻹֹôôѺȣǱƭ˰ɣ
Ңĵûľƣû㣬ȻͲˡ
ҢðѵϰĵȫϽտ᷿ڵϣˡһû
Ըڹϣһֳӵϵķ²ϲĶԻơ㣬вУ
һƴµĵȫһɻ󣬵Сʲô
ҢǾǲˡ̣
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ҢӲǰɣǳõ̶һ飡
ȫ
ҢߣĲӣжҵĹؽڣǺôĹ
ȫ
Ңһѣͷҧһţޡһڰϣˡ

濺ͽԺҴܣɵĻݲݲ
üȥرȶѶڲݴԡľ֮˳˸
䭺ʵرסˡ
ʮõɱΪĿģ˶ɱе£ǿֹһǰ
䭺Ҳ˵񽣣أˣթ͵ϮһΣ
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һ಻֪ѵ֮ˡ

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ȫֻܶʣһ죬ڰ˵ͣһΣ´һӮǲǲң
濰ڴϣ㻹أ
޿֣Ҳ䣡˾Ϊ㲻ңӮţʲô
濰˸ſţԴͷ
䭵СͷأੲݣΪҾ˵СһҵĿˮͷӣ㡢㡢Ȼİ濣Ȼƨɣ
е֦˸ִһ£ڲԣô򡣡
䭵ڳѨ˲ӣԼͷų˴
˵ô򣬷ǵ£üëһЦƻҪ˼ҵƨɣҪ񽣣β֣
΢鲻ԽĻơסƫͷ
䭴ӴƲһ´һ߽⿪ϵļ¡
ʧȥϵĹ̶ǰߣһһػڵأ̾ص죬̨ϵĺӳԡ
䭱ƽߣסֱۣȺһһƣļϡ
Ϊαۣǲ˵ӣ
͵͵ģģҹĺ꾫һɿ²֪ʱӼϻ䵽⣬¶۰׹⻬ĴƬںԵˡ
䭳ԳԵЦţǶ򣬽񣬾Ƕ˼ܹ֮ѽ㡭ӡ
濼ϵؿڣȥ濵´ȴס
̧ͷѾ۾ͷ
Ŀԡ
һ˫º͵п
Цһϣʲôԡ
ŶԣǴӽ쿪ʼÿ϶ԡΪΪ
򴽣סǰһ
̫ˣ޷磬ǰ¶ļһ˳ž¶
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濳ԼһӣͬһߣסߵӣৡջأһֻУһֻڽֱߡ
˳ƽס
֣һ
ɡ
䭶ӣ˿
㣬һֵǧ𰡡
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ˮĴ쳣
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ҵĽûᣬɾˮĴ£Ż鴲Ŵľ㡣
סĲӣڴཻܻӭ㣬ļ
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ڰĴ齼䣬Ψʣ½䭵ĴϢԼЦ
ҹϣԲ̡
ҹ£ɻУɻţڳгΡ
˵ԷԼһЩĶ
𽴵תˡ
ׯ԰ɢ˰ĵ
·ԶӴ˽С


125  ճ
΢, ֪ļҵĴ󹫼Ѿʼ
䭱ѵʱӶùС
ߵıѣѾûˡ
濣
ʹشӴ
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ԺһĨɫӰڲԶĻ԰轣
Ϸ＾԰һƬ̣ȻƵĿҶҶеĻơ
ԶʯԵǽ԰ͼΪµĺ
＾ĺʢ, ɫĻභ, Զ濰轣ˡ
ɫ˿⣬ŲԾǷ, ӭųصĹ, õһ
䭱, ڷűߣЦ
һŮ󣬻ս
ˣ
üȻ书˯һʱʱˣ
ֻǵôֵϴʱ, ԲϷŹ, ƽЩɧеʵһ顣
Ȼɧ
ڲîʱĩɣ㶼, ˯Сʱ, ôˣвô
ȴȻƲסǵЦ, ߹˹ı, ɵǵ峿ˡ
䭣
ֲһ˯һһҹ
䭣
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˽ʲôʱ˯ģ
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䭣ʲôʱ𴲵ģ
һǣȥϴһߵһ£ź˯
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סѽڸڷ࣬ʹѾʦԾɱֶϰߣһԡ
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ĥŻѾǲӦһȥʦ밲ˣ
֮ǰæ׼æͽҲӷָæǰæʦĽָѾͣ˺þˡɢǸûָյ˰ɣ
ѽҲ϶ѻҪҪ⣬ʦȥ濡
ԺԷ⣬ȴ޵Ŀ
ѽڿʦһֱۣͣ˽Ų
ô񽭹áʦ
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ʯǶһ㶹СĴɫ顣
ԺãĴС״ôôǴϹҵǼеĳһš
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ŵȫŵڰ˫ɷ̰ͼѪ񱦲أħ̸Ҫ͵Ѫ񡢴ʲƱӣȴձһ򾡡
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ˡ
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ũһСͷĿ
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ṩʳϢˣûǽ䭡
Ϊ֧Ůһϵķչ䭰óϣ˰Ң
̫Ӽλ̫ӵĵճŮ̫Ů
ŮٵȺ˻̫ŮȻ֧ߡ
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ⶼԺˡ

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Ϸʺǳ׵ĵһ죬ۼûз
һɽĩһɽ˻ѩ
濶ǣɽѩ
񣬰ѩɽճѩץҰųԣ±ůƱȽüȥҹڴңң

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䭰ׯ԰Ū˸󷨣ʱ򣬲ԶۻǽĿ
ֵϪˮߡ齫
䭴򲻹濣ǻ»Լãһܰ濴
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ˣִţ϶ƶᡢǽײ˶䣡
ܱѹ۸ٴΣڶ죬ԭظս
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ʵҲ޷ˣǸҪʦ
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Ͷˡ
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ССӡΪЭħйֽرصĵطʵɳӹȥҵڣѪԿףҪ׵Ļͼʵɹù߰ѻȫˣ˳˱ءڼָ˿ķţСҲĸŮûٻؾǣԺСڽغͰͶһ𿪰ӵ
ڽ䭿˭Եһ緹̫ˣӮôҲˣͲ濶
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С̾ҫңҡ
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СͷΪҰðͷͷ
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126  ңɱ
ңΪ˷ѿ, Υ濸½ɽѿûеõָ
Ңάúܣûг, ˿ңһˡ
֪ĸ񽭺ˣ˶֪ȻǴֹ罣ӡ˷ѿ
ѿһֱ²ִ֪磬ѲŰԼڿƾһ;ǰ;֮⣬һ̣Ǿӵı
ӵʦҢ, ҢǻĴ󳤹ΨһŮ
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Щǿң, Ϳңһ̫, ֮нġ
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Уңֹ
ôУȢ, ܾʷ˵ŮΪǰ;, ¶ԸΪ𣿲ʦݣûʦȥգ
ͬħ˵ķѿֱʹǰǸѧˡ
ⲻ÷
ôһΪ˹һδвɰʦΣڽ¡
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켣Ư˵Ȣ㣬͸ȺҲ㣬͸øж£ȴһСҲԸΪ
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ңԷѿ˳ѿҲЩԣҶϰΪȻû˻ɡ
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ңΪʹǰ黹ǶòԲŻ°ܻɥʧ
͵ƣֵòҪն޴ȥ鱾ΣʬҲһָ֣ʦմݻղҵġ
ѿɵˡ
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