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ؼʣǣҶӣҶǣ  ǣ飬ѩɣʮһѩӥ  
һ仰飺СvsỤŮ
⣺Ͽɹ


1 Ш
ഫϹһΪͼһΪ顣˵úͼԴݳаԣ˽ռǲ飬˳ɹˮΪݣ˶´󷨣ᡣȥ󣬺ͼ˱ܣػԳһ壬Ϊһ塣ߺ̴ʥƾе֮ǧʢԻ͡
ʱս֮໥죬սƵҲ֮в֪١Ϊʹս֮࣬һ³ƾѧ֮ཫ֮ʷб˶˷
ʷĳֹǰУǧʼ뷽跨׷Ѱͼ䣬ܽ˶һԸȴһ񡣵ҰԶĥ𡭡
ºڷҹɱ˷Żʱ
þĶһϿձյͨɱ¾ʹϢѸԭ
һ̤ȺΪ֮ϴɭߣгͯгͳ⣺һ飬ͼÿʮȡڳһһǻӲǱ㡭һ
ʮšˡȺѲ·ѡȴһָá
Ѿ˵ˣͼʶٱ飬Ҳ𰸣һӴʱѪǱ̺ĺ⡣
ߡ塭ӻ߽һӻڵء
һԵСŮ״סӡ
ǡŮӼ״ֵСŮӣﷺȤĹ⣺ûǿɰ
ſӼ״˰Σǰסս֣ȴһߵڵءͬʱק˵ȴݺҧһڣ֮ǰһֱûгľɫŮͻȻǰӲؽСŮŹʮԶ
м״һ£Ҫȥ׷ȴǰ߽Щʲô
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Ȼȴ˸գòѰ˵Ůʱȴ￪ɭ֣ŮϽǣŵģǲǰСŮ
ŮüĿʣһ͢һԵĳĴ䣬ȴҲ쳣г
ʵʶǰĻŮӣȴװʶѹɤӵ֮±޹أʶЩȥɻִǰ¥ԣ׹ݣҲ֮ء
÷ȫ壬ֶŮ˵޹ءŮӽСŮ󣬰ν򣺡Ҫôƾ½£ҽΪΪʮۣ
ŮŹһŵģȴʮ־տһ˻һСŮλֵΧ
дʱδ֣ĻŮӵʱ˫ֽǰȻƵĶȴǡ
ǶŮӻعıȫѪҶСŮһ˫ۣһסŮסһֳֽЯź⳯ͻȻսȥ
мȴЩϵ߱ѳ롣
ԭ㡭Ů̧ͷݡ
-------------------------------------
мջλУһ϶ڴĴӵ£һҡӣһ鲢ïؽŽ棬ʱպýʮǰ¥ΪͼΧ߶һȫĲ֡
϶ڴ˴˸ӣļĲͼ׵ȴأǰ¥е֣һк˴
ɵ¥֣ƾͼﻹա졯ڶһˣһ⼸ʮ꣬Ҳû治֪֪ǻ̲ס⡣
ģ¥˵ɶ񣬾Ϊһ翵Ĵ˵˼ȫ塣ͱ̾Ϣ
˵Щ¥ûٻкץ棬͢ҲܹܣͶߺ޵
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С϶Ҫصˡ˵˼۽պд˴żڴ֮ǰȷʵû˿ԶԸ¥¥ѵ֮ǳܵС
ʱһλӢܺճ֣ظλţǱǶĲŴӣš
˵СţòΪ״ڡ
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ʮܸɶſӢۻס
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ʮ꿪ʼչиѧӴڽߡ
ʮһ꣬˵ڽϺе֡
Ϊ˵ãȴ˵硣пܵһ˵ǣͼϡ
³֣ؽı佭֣¥һֻ𣡡
˵һ˵ÿǺˡôһλϽȿڲ˳˳
ƺδΨƫķŮһԳֽİŮСֹҵ˵飬Լôģ𣿡
νǣȻӦЩɫʣŷڵϲáŮ˶豭һڣͬһš
ôǵǵһʱ˵úذŮ²ۡ

Ů˻ش𣬷Ůּ׷ʵղŽЩ¼𣿡
ȷ£ֻ΢һϷ绯Ů˼һ׷ú档
Ϸ绯ʮһƽڷʮկ
կ飬ȥկ¶ԼˣǱȥֱӰկˡ
ʮӢۻף
ֵĶЩʶѣ˵Ҫ˿ףõЩϼһ߶ʮ£ҽҲˣץξˡ
ʮսڰ˫ɷδ·磿
Ҵˣڲұ䲻ʹڹ򴫳ȥ۸󱲡
ʮչиѧ
һγűһ֪ð˴ˣʦ˵ԺŲҪţҪ͵ܱظС
ŮĿɿڴҪһѹѹȴ֮ǰװ׵ĵӣѿտҲֻƵؽջأЩĵҪ߳˵Ǳôף¥˻𣿡
ںͼ飬УޡοǾͼϣ˵ȷʵŮһ߻شһ߽תһԵĶɡ
ǰ潲һʷ˵Ҳţ˵ʮǰ¥һȫ壬Ҳ֪Сһֻڴ˵У㶼Ůʱ汦δע⵽һҲˡ
Ǹݰ¥һĺһ߼ݲŻŮްĹ⣬ת˲ţ˵¿ӣˣ߰ɡ
Ů뿪Ůע⵽һĿյӣ㻹һ㶼


2 Ů
ǰ
һø磬³ϵð̣ˮһѶ⡣ɽеľ֦Ѿ賤ȴҲܵסյĹ߲ڲľּ䣬ҲлζӰϡ
ҶӱŰ˸ߵС¨һǰӲݣһʰҩ¨ﶪɽľ࣬ʱп֦Ҷϸ۵ļϻȴƻ벻⣬Ӱɽ䴩
ʱǶҶ˰Ĺ򣬱оʪһƬ¨һô׳ǳǳشǼϵĺŶһԾһԾžӨĹ⡣ϸˮʪһƣ˳Ĵڶͷϡ˫ϸݵƵӣȴЩĲ԰ףȵ⽫ϸµѪյü͸ûЩ룬һ˫еĽС֡
Ȼ˫֣ɼҩӶһӣǧƣٲȻǰҽ֡
ɽвҩ㣬䲻ȴáҶӽû㰲ȣҲ⴦صĸ
ҶϢһ˵ѾװСҩĵ¨ĵ˷ջ񲻴ǻܹɽΣ󼸸±㶼ɽˡ
ϺСľȥ𽥿һų볤˲Σʸһбµ콻ִ
˲θʴԷֲ棬ȥһ˵ͷ֫ƺݲǳ
Ӻϵ¨²ȡһϵ˵࣬һͷ¶ϣϸش˸ᡣ˳£ȷûɶקСسб˲ιȥ
ֻ˲λȷʵЩΣҲѹЩ궼û˲ժ
Ҷקڰе˺һмζܹ˲ˣȴֱ˻ǲֺ֮ȴš
ҶҲЩˣվص棬ԳˣֱӳñֱһȻǰ壬һ̤档
ʱҶֻӣһֱֻ۳ſһֻչİ׺ףٳɽγȥ
쵽ˣҶӿճֻʹɽֵǸ룬͵һק
Ҷ˷֮࣬ȴһֵֻһʱʸˤбµĿҶϡ
һʼδҶһק˲ΣһֻͷԼһţԼĽӴƵ¹
ûüԼ˶ȦҶӵӱײһͣ
ÿһ·˾µҶֿҶӷӦ죬ˣСӡ
ˣҶҲܣһһģ۵£ʹ˺üҧ̧첲ۣǻɻ
һͷѿҪɽø֮ǰ뿪ȻϣܶҰ޳Ⱥֿ֣ȭѱȫԼ
ҲȥԼ¨ˣ֮Ūλãҵһ뿪·
Ҷӽɽ֮ǰǰƵͼȥĵطҲϤһˤȴˤ˴δĵطɽִúܣܶط̤
ҶСѧϰԿռźǿĸ֪Ҫͷ·ҲѲ
Ҷӽ˲δ½һ֦Ϊʱȣײײվûȴµ谭ĵòˤһӡ
ҶӶ¿ҶϳһѪ߰ߵˡ
Ѫۺۣò˫Ŀţһֻסǽˡ
ŵһ·ϿżֵƣȴѪմȾÿԭĵɫϼ˿ڣеĵطѾŧ״ɲŶ׶༪١
ҶЩ뽭еĵ⽣ӰԶȴҲǼˡ
Ҷӿ򴽣һ׷ɱĽʿϢĽҰ롣
øǰɽᣬԲסˡҶ̾˿Ҷ¸ǻϣ뿪ȴһֻקס
Ҷӵͷ죬δӦȡ
ȻðɣԵҶ¶ǣ˵ִԼ˳ʹƺУһȣббڱϡ
ƽһԼЩĳŮˣҶӶԶʮѵ顣һŹȣһסϵǰС
˵ǱȻǾ޴ġҶи̾
ű϶һҶҲ˲ԼϵƤˣײײҼ٣ĸǰ˳ȥ
ӣҶӹ˲öֱվϵӸһƥֱԴȥҶʶδѺ
صԴʱɫѺڣҼһšҶ컧ѰԼס˰ԼϣָιЩݣ⿪ȥ
ʱҩҽѴȣҶҽпɣҼгҩģһٴӳ顣
Ҷӽ¯ƽ䣬һˮһ߽ڻ˿
˿ѪƤ⴦ǿΪ£ƤҪ˺һ㡣
Ҷӽ뿪ˮˮңյù̵ļ˳˵·߽һ·ʿ
˶ϲ飬Ҷס΢֣ҽҶӣסԴϣһЩҽ˿ſ£ҼȻ㣬㲻¡һ磬ұȥ򣬽˿ϴһȾģҽŮӣԾƼӣҲڡ
˵ĹҶһֱֻѽŮϵȥֻһ£صĴ𪼡ǳһ˿ھ¶·Ķ˺ϡİɫĻ
𣿡ҶһëմˮŮ˲ϵѪ
ҶӵĶѾᣬŮ˶ϵĺ黹ʾʱ̵òɡ
ҪǾ۾ͽгɡҶһ˿ڣһŬһСʱƤǸҲʣʦѵңȴƵҩҲκƤֻҪҩգκΰ̺۶ʧ١ҩһһЩȻϣ׼˺úָ
ùҶһֱ߶߶ţŮȴʼһԣ̣ҶӶ־⡣
ҶӽϵѪ˴ĶѪȡһԵҩƿпٳҩ࣬ϸĨ˿ڴ
Ĵл˴ȣŮ˶ϵĺûࡣĨĵطĨҩҶȡһɾıϡ
ʱֹסˣұҽʦһϵĶҶ֣ȾѪɫˮֶɾˮݣʼŮϵۻࡣ
ﱻȥһŷӱҶǰҶϵĶ˶ݵͣͣδÿˣ˵⻹һξһ˺ÿ
ЩҶӶһ˼ˣдģҲĻģûЩ˵ò˵ƤҶʹ˿ÿʱаСǰڣԼòȴҲо
ҶӴų˯Ůˣü죬죬ϼϸɢͷϵīɫһγǿҵӾÿһµǡôͬһĶ˵Ĺʻʹ˿˫ĿգҲȻ貶Ŀ
ÿҶԵһ䣬Ҳνϵûתڵʰ׵뿪˷䡣
Ҷٴλص䣬һƺûб䣬Ψд϶һˣǳǳĺ
ҶӵĿһԱѪϣƬ̣ǽ·÷ڴߵĹϡ
ԱҶӲԼϵˣʼǺۣһһģҲ󰭡
ҶҩͿĨһȡ˴ϯϣôպ¡
ҹɫīޱߵļžССӣҲ˯ˣһҶӶʮѰһգȴѰĿʼ


3 
ż˸ԱҶһ˯òէȥ࣬ط׼ιŮ˺¡
Ů˵״̬ҹһЩֻܿ˵ϢֻȻԡҲ֪жûнʳ
Ҷڴͷ˷һıһֶ˹ݵߣȳЩʳӣ˻ûãȶˡ
Ҳ֪ŮȥûУֻιˮ˳˳
ҶΣҽҩȡһܣȥԺժһƬҶϴԲ׶״һ˲ܿУƳһ©
ܵһͷŮ˿УҶһַסܣһֶ룬ˮСĶ˳ҶС
̽еʮּѣôˮûȫŮ˿С
һˮιСʱҶӽһԣ˦˦۵ĸ첲ԼһŮϣԳš
ŸİԱҡֻ¶ˣҶȥҽݣҽʦæµ˵˵ãŽ뵽С
Ҷ˿ڼʱϸ£ҽʦֻ˲Ů֮ѽ⣬½ⶾ͵ҩ뿪ˡ
Ҷҩҩץ˺üҩѧͽҪæҩĺ⣬šؼŰʱʾûǮֲǷ顣
Ҳ֪ÿҶչ˵ĺã˵ŮӺãǰһջΣڵϦںҩĵ˹
Ҷƽһξˣ͵õķгɾ͸СһƼ۾ǰ꺮ůˣڸоôͷβΣ廹ʹʹԼ𣿡
ŮһҹʱӻЩججȻ֪ǰੲݵŮӱԼľˣȻһںʽһѵ졣
ҪʲôҪˮ𣿡ҶӵͷݵŮߣһһֵ˵ҡҪȥé
éںԺҷȥȻ˳֮˵ķӦдĲ̫һҶӻ˵ģ˵é
ԼĵһҶӱٶ䣬ȴźع档
Ů֪ʱһ֮һڵţ̫ã͵Ƭ徲˼ԼƽǵŮʧȴײϰ¥ĦȣԷͨŰԣԼһڹС
ͬһʮˣֻԼһ˽ѣȴҲһ˶һ·Ӵɽбʧ֪ǡԼһҲȥͬǻˡ
ǸŮԳԴ䲻֪ĻмֿţһҹദԷ޶⡣
ԼһֱţĿӣڲԣһȴܵȻ֪ŮƽԼϤϣο˵һ㡣
һﱻȥҩǲԸΪˮ̫౻ġ
»ص䣬Ů˼·뵽ӦԾ˵ĺ棬ȴϴʱҶӾ˸Ƶģû׷ੲݵʻ
ҶӹؾصһԵϣͻȻؽ飺ҪϢ
ʵոҶҲʡһԼһ˳ѵ˶ԣԼƺֵùһ㣬ŵɱϾҲǵһξְֻ̤Źصˣûʲô顣
Ҷӱֵʮƽ⣬ȴҲزס˫ĺ档ڲһҹΣŮ˰ŴͷһϸԼദһҹŮ
ǰŮһֲѣԵмֿɣͦΣһȻСü˳ţ˴˿Уֻһдˮī
ŮסĿ⣬΢˼·ţƽǵһ׮ʧٰܷˣҵù￶֮λ
ţֵЩ죬Ҷϡǵǰ˵˽ǲĺˣܱ˵˵ǽģǺ
Ҷӿǰ֮ģʱǱôԼֻ
һ仰˵ùֿҶԺͻȻڻж龰֮ΪСŮΨֻǡ֮ΪСŮԸţ
ҶӴ˸˦ֵĻ棬ֵλǲأ뿪ʱҩǮ˾ͳɡ
Ҷ˵Ž쿪һҩǰչʾжģһҩץģһЩѾ𿪵ķںԺмζҩʮ󣬼컨ȫĻʮӡɽѵòɵɽҲˣͰҩ̵չʮˡһʱҲ߲ˣռҵķһЩʱգʳס޷ϷѾʮϴ·ҶĿڷƬ̣󷽻֣·Ͱɣһ踶һӣ飿
Ҷһӣ÷Űѻδ˵Ļҭ˻ȥסƬ̣ϵһƵû顣
ˬ죬ƱԣھͽҲûǶ·£Լɻڡ
˳Ҷӵָȥ֮ǰǼմѪĽѱ۵׵ڴͷĹϣϸŵıԼļҴ񣬾Ө̣ɫʵشӱŵԼƽմӲֵı
ȡһѾƲĽۣŶ߻Ҷӵ߶߶·ѾûˣһʲôҪĶ㽫
ŴļвһţմȾЩѪȴ
һĿ˳ҶӲͣźϵĺ촽һ·׷浽˫ҫǳһԣֻҶӵʾ´ϵŵǮеļЦмΡ
Ȼʱ޷֧ǷծҶӻʮʴȵסˡķѾչԼҶӶҲһʼĺš
д˼ŷֱĳԼӲ㣬Ҳֻȴ
ɵӣѾþöûоˣ˴ѵʱ۲ͬһµŮ
ģ˵ŮƽﲻԸҩ룬︽ľƲдֻ֣߶һŷá
ſҶи̣ʮ߰ģӹõ߰ʮꡣ֮ǰô룬ȴô
ηҡҡͷҸһʶõô棬רооͼɡ
ƽ̯һƾ仹ԭͼǰӰԺлطšŶͼרע˼ţһ˫Ưüһ˷Ǵʿ뾹澿к
ʱҶ·ݸһƻͼһۣڵ˼⽫ǬλλαװŲУѰʽƱصþһ
ඥٿͼʱ벻Լյ⾹һ仰ƽ⡣
ǰʮŮƬ̣ĵԼӦʶһ
ҶӼ㷴ӦЩڵӣңǵСƽտһЩ飬֪Ƥë
֪ɲʲôһЩͿѧĵСԼͬеиضʿȻҲϰŰԣɵʱȴûһܵʹʮֻӳԼһˡ
ҶӱűĿͷƤ飬ľ˶ûʲô⡣
ҶҧҧԼû¸ϲ죬÷ŲٳһѶеƻһƵ˷䡣
ŵͷֻڰеѿһ龰һ±ơ


4 
صĹΪСԺһůɫʣԺһЩͷϻҶ°߲߰Ӱֻȸڻ֦Ѿȥ໥׷
һʯͷɵˮʱҶվˮϣ˫ҡҪװˮͰ
ƽһֻͰˮжһˣһװ˫
ֻƺ߹ԼͰգ첲Ѿ鲻ֹһϵˮͰϵӱ˼֡
աһֻذָҶӵֱ־ֻСת˺üȦͬʱһֻֽѾڵˮͰš˳
ҶӳƳֱĴָЩ̵ֱҲſֱߵһԵͰǰµҩ
Ǳ߷ŽˮˮףҶߣֽӹҶҩƣ
ҶҲóҩȥ·ֻ·δյһ룬ҩķܹеĻ
һűͷۣŽеĻ˵Чʻͦߡ
ҶпԺеϣɹ̫
СƬ̺Ҷ΢ԺǸæµӰ˵ѼлƶҩǮǵøģ࡭ס޷ѡ
⣬ԼԸЩᣬϵĶȴյ·ΪһԣŮųƫСľͶȴţͬ߳Ů
ԸͶҶҲֵɣԹµӡ
ӲδеãΪŵĹֻҶӾԼ·ǼжǸˣҵˣ
ڣ޿̵Ҷסǰȥ·Ƶ˵գ㵽Ҫʲô
ôס𣬷ŴͷǰһõŮЦ崺磺һæ
ҾܾҶ﷭˸ۣ˹ȻŻˮ
һû˵ʲôٴϵķʧЦ
⻹Ҫ˵Դһ㻭ͼͿʼַ֮ǰĴӦòǳͨ˼ңʲôʱ˸ӶİáҾϵһͨ񣬿ɲ뱻ǣеķƹܡⷬʵҶвգһ˵ͣٵġ
õģڿȥ𣿡һº͵ҶӸо·һȭ˿ϣֻƵÿͨ·
Сڣһ߿һˣԵʮࡣ
ǰ³ᡣһˣʵĳڶ̶̼ͻͽ
ոյľܾŲ⣬ȻҲͲھɥ
ദŶŮҲ˼˽⡣ŮͣʵΧһǽ˭ͼǽ˵ԶԶġ԰ˣǰǲӰ쵽
Ǵʮּ֣¹޹ߵһʱûиõİ취ʵҲԸǿҲֻһߵԮһپȡһ¡
ʵǻδΣҲͦõġŽװǹԼδķЦ⡣
ҶӿϰŵɫζȫһòҲҪ츳ġ
Լô꣬ĲҲܳԵˮƽ
ֱţǰҲԼò˶٣Ų̶գվƳҪƸˮ׼ͻͽ
ôӣǾЩ˲⣿żһⶹŽҶչ۲죬ҶӶ˺⡣
ûУúܺáҶӾ׽»ⶹǿڳ㣬ζ
Ҷӽʳ£ڲĵ⼸³Ҳˣձ㻻ա
Ҷ˵⻰Ҳȫǿף׻˵ɼףѣ׻˵̣ɲԸʳڵ֮¡
ãġºӦ
һ׻ûУҶЩʧǸϧǰļȣϾһˡ
Ȼ˵ڶ죬ϰԵ߽ʱҶȴʧһ㣬δ
Ų˲ųһ룬ҶӱҲ߽һոհдţҲûʲôԽţ˳͵͵ʦ
Ժ뿪ˣҲٳǹѵζĲˡ
ָдˡһҶָīȻ
ǰÿ¹̶ʱﶼдšҶӿǽԹ˵ʱ˵ĸĺ֣壬ҲǺԴס꣬㿴ꡣȻڼ䣬ȴδȥԷһ棬ԴƽǸôһյ·̱ɵȴñ˴ϢҲʼղԼһ棬Ϊʲôأ
ʲôҲ֪иʽӣʱ֮俴ƺܽľ룬ʵԶƺԶľ룬ʵܽÿ˶ԼĵִֻпԼȥ⡣˵佫ĵȣܽ
Ҷӱζűǰ˴գҲټղЩĻ⡣
˺˵ʶգԱ˴˶˽⣬ͬһ£ȴҲѰһл
Ŵӹ߼һѾ˵ĵιҶߣȻʲô٩˵ҼѰæΪʲôֻжҪշѣ
ҶҲܻ䣬µ׺򴽣ſڵ㿴ϵˣǮģ𣿿ңƽЩ֮ͣɲڻȫҵ˵Żָس˳򻨹Լȫҵĳˡ
ԸһæԸȫҵİٱлż˵
˵úܶȰһ𣿡Ҷֻһ仰÷ƿԣܾӵӲΪ֮ţȴһӶԱ
˵ҶʱʱϷ䣬ծǷծ֮ҲʵŴ
˿̣ķųƻָҶӱԴĴ߹䡣
ԴԶ뾩ǣ߻ʵԶΪһʱȨĲСٸϽҲ˰ϵڴ˴ӵҲƽ֡
Ҷŷڴ˷ߺǰУһǺ«Сǰöͭ廻εǺ«
ôҶӽһǺ«ţԼҧһŰµɽ髹
ŶСӳԵʳûȤǰŮӾ׽ģһֻСǺԥֽӹԡ
ҧ°ŹӣϸϸؽζʱЩһѾҧڶɽ髹ŮӣǹһĨЦ⣺֮ǰһֱΪͬĺӳ࣬û뵽Ҳϲ
ԼĴɢģǺ«Ȼָ죬Ҷһƽϣν޹أҾϲĸо
ŽŹҲҧڿлȷʵͦġ
ó԰ɣֵСϲһ㶼ģǰ滹һ˵ҲܲҴȥҶǣŷŵ䣬Ⱥд
ĪʲôִţŻǹԹԵҶǰС
һ˱һ˵СſڣֻǵŽգһԵԵø롣
֪Ϊû𣿡ҶһҶߴ
ֹ죬Ѿûֹˣ
ôˣǲзʲô£ҶǸЦеŸ־˵Ĵɹġ
ǰЩӣŮһͬƽʡףʱȴֻһˣ֮˶л㱵ģ˱ûƼŮȻҲˡ
˵ŮƽʧˣҶԺǸ黨裬һɤԼнСŮЩ¡
˵ֹŮһöŮӶƽʧˣû¶ǧˣ̾˿ҡҡͷŪĲҶ
ҶлҲû˼й˼Ĭһǰһ̤ڹҵʯ·ϡ
һ羭ҶӶϵһ˫۾¶
Ҷͣ½Ųοڣ֮ǰ˵ƽΪ׷Ѱһ׮ʧٰ
ǵġ
Ұæڰйأ
ǵġ


5 
Ҷ˺ü飬ڳһź󣬾ô䶨
Ȼ˻صУʰǰƽǡ
˵ʰʵֻҶһڷ䵹
ſǰװ̲סڵƽǾ˴һսų̡
֮⣺Ҳ˴󶯸ɸذҡ
Ҷ϶δͣ鼮ҩϣܸо˳ŻҪϲʱ䣬ϰɣб޻
ŴʱҶƯ˵ǰϵϽ᣺ðɣǾͶϡ
˷ŵİæҶʰЧߡװ귿Ʒȥ˳ûñ㱧һѸˮյܵǰ
ǺȥҰƤżΡ
ҵȻ֪ȥ˵ģɾܵӰɣڻ¼еĲʮӡҶӿһڱŽӻû÷³мź
ѵǰ״ķţͻȻоһҶԱҲһ
ԱżϵƽʱɫѰֻһҿ͵¡Ϊ˽ʡ̲˱ֻҪһͷ
ͬһ¶գͬסһ䷿ȴǵһΡ
ҶӻòڣҪ˵ԼҹȴѾϴҶӸƵһȦŴĿռ䣬Ͷһô˯ɻ顣
ű㲻ٽ飬ϨƺҶԣȴһƬë΢΢
򴲶ǰһƬڣĥŴʱ˵ʲôա
лһֱİչˣƺϲԼл
ξͨŰԵģɿ֮ǰģƺ
Ĺ֮ǰЩ̫ãƺЩǳˡ
ÿһⶼδڣﱻҪύ˵ķţ˿̸еΪѡ
ȻΪѲûг̫ãǳ೤ĺһԴϸ΢ĺűڼžҹԵʮ
˯𣿷ű۾Ŷߵ֪Ҳ硣
ҹһΣصСʱʱһСӳԼߡ
ţСľ˸ĽڶӷһȦˣǲǺССİӷһƵĳ߰ͷСȥ
ǣ˵˶ٱˣûûСӦùҽн㡣СŷŰӵļšüͷ
ҲŲҪأҲ򲻹ңҲңʲôʱˣٹн㡣šľĻأ˵ͷϿգ۵Сд˰
ԸһССȥԺűŬϰ书ѧգö֮ڷγһϰߣɵһѾʱ򣬵ǸСȴѲˡ
ǣŴ峿һҡ
ҶӴƿ߽ϻһ㣬һ۴ʵķţˣȥϴϴ緹
ſˣѹϴҶԱߣһͷ˰Ҳδ¿ڡ
ҶӼŶһͷҲ˺ģĵû˯ã
ǣҸֻ룬緹ȥһ˲ׯɣҵ·еų˳ԼСһŵ·̾˿
Ҷһ۷űڲŵıһ
ˣҵģҵģ·д
վƽһֺŲׯſڣҶӽŵس˳һԷŵ䣬СǴӦ·ܲѡһұ˵ģȫеӼһƥ
޷˸ǮǣҶӾֱ߽ׯ
ׯϰһ鲼뽨ǵƣɵƼһöɫָʱ̻洺磬ؽ˽ȥ
ҶӼϰ忰ƴıݣǸָʲô
һλҵҲ²ҵ֮һ
θ߰ҶӼǵһֵ߽εĲׯĿĲϷװԸпƽֺŲׯ鴫
ĿҶϲƬ̣һ۰ɫɴȹݹȥԴ͵ǰ֧Ϣ
㵹ͦ軨׷Ҷ²ۣȴصһԵĸȥԴϾ͵ŮӶа֮ġ
Ҷӻ·һ׵·һ˼ģ
ҶƲƲôǳɫһ㶼ϴ
ֻݸҶһףԼϴ
ҶСֹһֲŶУתҪػһϮȹͤͤŮһʱ
Ůĳ˳Ĵ䣬мĴ˱ļϣںڵķĵü羱ļӨѩɫɴȹճߣ֦ͷ¿һʩʤȴ˼ǧɫ
ʰϴ·װΣһһ״ķΣҶӱ𵽶ߣͦʵġ
Ҷ͸һԵͭƼ⸱İϤݣŬǵЦ⣬룺ðɣʵҲͦġ
ѡһƽƵİɫۣջ·߳䣬һɧ
ƹ񹧾ŵʺţС㣬ôԹˣС˵ȵ˱ȥɽׯ
ˣǶȥæɣﵲҡСһڣ̼ټĲׯоֻʣˡ
ҶӴһžŪöĴŮӣֻһɫ´˲ٽΣһߵĽԪ
ӳţ±ҶʵеĵģƼſڲ֪ʱֵʧ١
ſ֮˸׳뻮һİɫװһѰ屶ؽλСĻˡ
С㿴Ӹ߳ķţû˵ľͷò׼棬㲻ȥѰ¥ҽӷϴԼⲼׯ
λǳ飬ɽׯĴС㡣ûĲһԻ״Ҷӽܵ
˵˲Ҫ֡ἰĳС㣬·һֻβ͵èг
Ϊɽׯׯ飬С󶼶ԼԹ̫ף䲻ò绨ӢǵԼ
õģС㡣
õĳ飬ע⵽ԼŵڶʼһδҶӣһ˫ĺϵת˰죬ЦλᵽСɣû뵽ǸεεСˡ
ʲôСС˵ģС˵˲ҶЩȴˣծ
ծǸȤ˵黹Ц䣬ȴϣŲ֪ʱѷҶֱϣȥԣС򵥡
Ҷӱ˵޹»ƺлҪ˵ʶȤ뿪
´ֻʣ·ˣЦݣûͷƵ̱ϣ˵ɣдŰҽ£ֻܲΪ·ɡ
ཻ꣬ҲȦӣֱԵҪ㽫ƽǸе˵˶һҪһЩ֡
ΪҶͻȻӦæűǰжٵԼ˴ӴԶϵǰ¥ֻҶ޷£Ǳ뵽˴ʱƽǸĳС㡣
Сһ׮Ӧúˬ죬ȻʲôӻͳһƱݸţҷǸС˵ծʱˣЩƱţĻС
һԼСһ껹ԳƽˣûֽƱֻһòӵ֮ˣ㲻Ҫƻҵ衣
飺ɶ


6 
Ҷڸ䲢ûмԴ·յĹ򣬹ŷŵҲ̸òˣ»ص
˱鷳СˡŶԳ˵һ仰Ҷȥ
߰߰ɣ´پۡػӻָ֣Ҷ·Żع̨·ſںŵƹ⼸·װһ¡
⻰˷ţĬĬһԼǰʱ䣬شһȡɫϵۣ·ϣװһ𡣡ҶƴǵĻڿС
ƹֽźƬ̣һװİ㱻ݵС
»صջű㽫ԼļƻϸϸҶ˵
ƽô֪ʧٵģֻа¥¥һûǷѾȥңǡ
Ұгȫƽǵ˵ȥһ߰¥ҪĶ
ǵ˳֣ұ̸֮׳ǾݵڣһίߣһǱϳˡ
ʱʲôŻأҪ鷳ˣ˱һʧ
˼ܣ˼꾡Ҷŵ۾Ź⣬԰Ϊ֮飬á
ȫļƻޱظˣû뵽̶ʮദűԼҶĪ
ҪĴҲ˭һֵؿҶӣ·˵һȻķϻ
ǰȥôѣҶͷ⡣
Ҿ໻ѣ͵СҪƯƯĲź
ò˵СİЧʻǺܸߵģ̶һƽе˵˾ͶӵһµĻơ
ʱмջҶƫһ磬ֳҡȵ˵鲢ï˵ŵġ¼
¥ѵ֮ǳܵС
ʱһλӢܺճ֣ظλţǱǶĲŴӣš
˵СţòΪ״ڡ
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ʮܸɶſӢۻס
ʮ뽭ʮĺڰ˫ɷδ·硣
ʮ꿪ʼչиѧӴڽߡ
ʮһ꣬˵ڽϺе֡
Ϊ˵ãȴ˵硣пܵһ˵ǣͼϡ
³֣ؽı佭֣¥һֻ𣡡
˵һ˵ÿǺˡôһλ꣬Ͻȿڲ˳˳
ƺδ
Ҷ̲סһԵķСֹҵ˵飬Լôģ𣿡
ΪǣȻӦЩɫʣŷڵϲáŶ豭һڣͬһš
ôǵǵһʱ˵úذҶӺ²ۡ

ŻشҶּ׷ʵղŽЩ¼𣿡
ȷ£ֻ΢һϷ绯żһ׷ú档
Ϸ绯ʮһƽڷʮկ
կ飬ȥկ¶ԼˣǱȥֱӰկˡ
ʮӢۻף
ֵĶЩʶѣ˵Ҫ˿ףõЩϼһ߶ʮ£ҽҲˣץξˡ
ʮսڰ˫ɷδ·磿
Ҵˣڲұ䲻ʹڹ򴫳ȥ۸󱲡
ʮչиѧ
һγűһ֪ð˴ˣʦ˵ԺŲҪţҪ͵ܱظС
ҶĿɿڴҪһѹѹȴ֮ǰװ׵ĵѿտҲֻƵؽջأЩĵҪ߳˵Ǳôף¥˻𣿡
ںͼ飬УޡοǾͼϣ˵ÿһ䶼ġһ߻شһ߽תһԵĶɡ
ǰ潲һʷ˵Ҳţ˵ʮǰ¥һȫ壬Ҳ֪Сһֻڴ˵У㶼ҶӴʱ汦δע⵽һҲˡ
Ǹݰ¥һеĺһ߼ݲŻްĹ⣬ת˲ţ˵¿ӣˣ߰ɡ
뿪ҶӲע⵽һĿյӣ㻹һ㶼
ٲԣ֮ΪƲ̶գƽǸ¥ڴкͼϢ
ڶշű㹫ݣҶӵƽֵĵطȥ֣ҡ°¥Ҳ˱ڰ۲һз紵ݶ
ʱҶλȫƽĿջ¥߲㣬λڴߣһתͷƼ轣ʨ龰
Ϊ˶աһŻ׶Ķоֲصؽ¥ɫ˵ҶƷͣС򵥡
Žһ𶹸еҶӵУ֪ϲԶ˵Ȳǰ㾫ףҲһζĳʱҲؿԼ
еĶɫ̻ƣմ֭е׺ҶûмƽϷֵֹ˵ҧһڣۣɿڡ
żҶӳԵ⣬ԼҲϲֽһ˿һʳƵҶǰٳ˼ǵһɫ
Ҷϸմɹʢ֮ϸëĶ˿󿪣̬һйɽˮ˲ƻ
żҶӳٳٲʢһ׵ݵҶߡΪʶ崼ζҶڼ
һƷʳһͶιǸֻ֡ĿֲûгܾãҶӿеĵ𶹸δüȫ£һŲԼ߱ƽ
Ůǹ⣬ҵһҡ˳ֳۣһ̶ЦţȴЦ⣬ǰ¥令ҡ
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ŲֻܶԽϷȥŮ˴ҵǰҪ˵硭һ˵
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ܣ˼ɲݺ͵δʰɾʯͷӦʱڳ䡣
ű֣һһڻԵҶߣüѡ
ҶӴԺһгĬ˼
Ū״ʱķţڰοƻĹ̳һƫҽһģӦѳɹ¥ĵ̡
ѳɹ¥ĵ̡Ҷ
Ҷӻû֨ΪССǼο㿴𣬻ǵҪһʲô£ᾭһЩۣһЩνһ˳ǶǵãǾҪԼĴǽЩһһ˷
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Ҷӽӹеʯͷһ˸ͷײһ£ܳ
ϻķĿҶӽӵϣᣬɿϵ
ͻȻĳĬԾΪ곤һӦԼƳĬһ˵Ϊǵң⻹ǵһα˰ء
ܿ


7 Ը
ҶӽѾɿߵһԣվűƿŴ̴ֲ˽
˿ʱվڷķҶˣһ𾪣㡭ǡδ˵꣬㱻һһֵΡ
ֻǲ¡ֹӽԵҶһԳųǿУֽʯͷ⡣
һУʰ˵ĳǣҶӴ󷽷߳䡣
ճûҶӺȻ뵽ʲôǲӦǵ·΢αװһ£
ãҸµ̲أ˲ȥظܿ컹бҹֲףﴩʲô·ᱻϳ֮ȾѰһˮĵطſǰ·һʱ֪ĸߡ
¥вֿѰʵ򰵺Ź֮Բע⣬ʧУҲΪΰ¥û˿ԭ
ȻЩѲҶӣƴ¥֮˾ͨضԭҲʮֽîľˮľҪˮ·
ŸҶӣȻܿҵˮף·ϳ²ϣˮʪݸҶӣҶؽӹʪסڱǡ
ŴӻһźСĸԲԼźŵصúܺãδ¥ߡźŵ⣬ˮ򶪽ˮףֻˮϷٴתһҵһ̴Уըõ̻
ֳô󶯾Ҳߣʪסڱڴ˴á
ŵ˵Ĺ򣬷ҶӼƻȻٻһСӵˣͽԸˣˮγϣԱͺá
˵ţűʾԵؽַˮϣˮΧγһˮ֣͸ĹˮתǺÿ
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취ǺܲҡûҶӿţһ˫޹Ĵգգ͡
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ͨ
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ǰŮܶһ˽ɽȳԼţͨҽûС
 ι㻹ҪãҶӶֻԼСȫŲצӣա
Ǹ͵֣Ļδɢȡ
Żδ˵ʲôΣҴһ֡
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һ̶ֱеĶڻҵķ׼̤һԵڿնʽ󿪴ϣ׺չᣬһͨɫ⣬˸뾡ԭ·ء
һƲɣһƣ̶ڿзתһʵӴ³
̶ѰȴʮֻΪŲҪг
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̹һɳΧ˺üȦջسصϴ˸ᡣ
ұʱ̶࣬ǰҪʼʩʱʪķѲٺ̣ȴ̶ʮһͷϡ
ҼԼı٣ʹļף֪һʱ޷÷Σʾȥ׽һԵҶӣԼŲӡ
Ҷӿ޸֮ȴ˷磬ֻڸȴһ½ǣץĹУм˲Сͬ顣
Ҷ޷ԱһֱעǱߵʱûΣգרĶԸ˻ҡ
ұʱ䣬Žбɱܿмܲסһڲϡ
˲ĻŬץҶӵͣ¶ۼɫɣһֲߵģ
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Ҫװɵ֪˵ʲôطʱ黹Ǻܻˡ
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ǰ¥ĵ̣ûйʱıҪǡ
Ի󣡡ҶӾͣ½ŲڻҲϻһѪۣˣǣ
¼¶Ҳ˼ʱԼϵĳΪֱȡŸ
żɫͻ䣬ʶý䲱϶ȴûüסԼ
һԵҶӼ״͵קҵĹΧԼȴڲʱ಻ҵлơ
һȳѪ׷ǰ϶һ仰㡭б߳ҲӲĦȴˡģ
ſҶϵһƬѪδƣסֻ΢΢С֣ĵ־һ
ȻǣסֵҶһ飬תͷţһ
ʲôһʱûӦ
˵Ҹո־һΣλôΣգǷһ
ʱѾϰҶӵģʽõģϡ
ԼЩ㶼ǷҶˣ
һڴ
ѾôˣҪˡҶӹ׺ݡ
ģÿһҶµġЦĶš
ʲôɲĵģôһеģΪҲϢôνɡҶӲغߺߡ
ʵϢҲǲԡһ˵õݣ·Ƿծ˶ծһ
𶼻ûиˣҪôԲѡҶƲƲ죬Ƿծȴ˵󻰵оǲΪȻ
ҶһƴڻǽĽճ嵭Щ
Žҵʬ·ߣ֣֮ǰһž˾ȳﻹиͷĿûղŵĻҡ
ҶȻһ˾ͻȻûЩӦҲ״ʱǸлʱǿԼٵ̬侲Ҹ¥Ĳ֣ס֮ӦǬλ߳Ի󡣡
֮Ի֮ЧΪһֱͬһطתʵȻ
ǳ˵ۼΪʵΪ飬ʱ۾Ҳǻƭ˵ġ
Ҷӳһס۾ǣŷţһĬĬ㣬һ̤·ǰС
Ҷӿ᲻ײЩʲôȴҶرܹеϰȵ̺õʯ·ϡ
ܿ˱ص֮ǰҴ򶷵ĵطҶժ֮Щʵüġ
֪Ǻķ콫ҶӷһԵ׮£СĵϢһ°ɣȵȳСˡ
ҶҡҡͷڴЩᴭ桭Ķ࣬СóȻֻ»ᡭᱻУϽҵĦڣ;¡Ǻš
䵣Ҷ壬ﲻò˵öԣ֮ǰһ·Լҵһǿ򵼶ңҶܵģоֺڵ
ʱֻ֪ŮֺأȻΪͬԼҲһϰ֮ˣȴ롭
ദʮգűΪԼЩ˽ŷԼһ㶼˽ʵԴʶܻ㣬㣬ȴδʹҪʲô
ҪʲôҶԺۻЩļƬ
⺢ܵشպ󲻿ټϰڹ׵ҶӲ֪仰ĺ塣
СҶӣΪʦɽЩ£űڹˡ֮ãʦҲûл
ѾͷģòǸüǮҶӸİ˵ۣ亹ʪ˱
ѾȡѪˣֱӴȥιǶɡҶӱСһߣǿʶ쳣ѡ

ֻҪҶżԳ
ĬȻ֣λ书Բǰ껪Ů󲻹ܻԸΪ򵥣ȴҲѡ
ЩҶӵֱ֣мȻַסҶӵļ֮ĿԣŵˮԸңκΰ취Ҷһⲻǽס
ôҶסʦߺԼֵûһʣǲԸǲҡŹˣʵȴˣֻԼ
ǰʶյŮӣȴԼֱӦҪģֿĿȴԼٵߵķ֮δܳڡ
ҶסԼϵ䣬û֨
׻ûи߷ԼܣΪǾûбҪǣ


8 ս
ݷ֮ǰռйϢʾ¥ǽʮһ̸ڵ֯ȫоݵ㣬ɸ򣬶ƽǾݵıǳĦȡ
Ը粻飬Ӳ˴򽻵԰¥ƽǷֲһɻڴϴηһĦϣù
ȥĦȲ֪Ķ˴¥ֲȺףһ·¥ڶɽ
Ҷһ·¼ǺѰ¥ȴǿһˡ
ҶУĿĴѲܴȴԵʮֿտ
ĸʯÿ涼һʯͷľǵ۾ͬһϷһͼ
Ҷǰƿͼһһŵʯƻϻ¶мֿЩģǾ
ҶԼ˼˳¶塢ͼԵǽ㻺򿪣Գһͨ
һǰһͨˣ콫Ųŵúᡣû߶ãԶԶƼһӳŸӰƺʲô
ǣҶӺ˼ûϴǴ֮˱Ħȣ¥˴֮һԦߣͨɥֹµ
ҶӣϣԼмʤ㣿
ţգӦò£ǹʤ룬Եд󡣡
Ҷӣˣ򲻹˼
ţ
Ҷӣ˳ȥȳС˸
˭һǳͷһغɫӰ󣬵סǺ˵ȥ·
Ҷӿˣݿ£ɫҰܣֻϢһغɫķװԵñѪɫһ̹⣬ͬԵעӡ
Ҷڿǳӣ̲ס˸ɵǣס䣬ǿסвʴ
ʮǰкԼͬԪףŲҵģһֽճһǣҶӻǰԴ
֮ǰ˵λС¥ͣδüȥᣬû뵽ǾԼҵȤȤúܡȻˣǱɡĦȵڴϻʮ̶ִ
ڴ˴סѰȥӦС㡣˵꣬ὣ㳯Ħȴȥ
ŵĽһķ磬ּֿ죬ʯ佣ֱָĦؿڣۼĦȾҪһأȻ֮ǰվǶĴȴƾʧ١
ӰҶü֪ǿС
ǺǣСﵹЩʶҪżɡдĦȹȴ
ѰĦȣȴʯȻԼⷽϮÿѪҪһڽû
ŻҶǰһܲ͸硣
ΧڽΧһֱأѰ׼ʱһȥһУȻȴȻǷԼȻһ˿ڡ
Ǿǵߵ֣֮Ҷסŵ֣ʾȲҪ
аǵλǸռŵľǰŲ
ռŰţȰճһһһΪš
ƹĴΪšˡߡġһ˳ɰ˷塣
ź󣬸ݵǰոΪŰݡˡšĴ˳
Ҷ֮ǰһδһʱδüڣղŷһţǷ˳һš
۾Ҫ˵ķ
ŴʱֱҶӻԵɣȴܵѡۣ硣
λ伲
λϡ
λϡ
Ǭλɽ
һ׽ʹˮһ̳ͻȻһƬ
ۣ֮ǰǰڵߴ˿ʧ٣һغɫĦ³ǰǹһĨѪ
û뵽λ˸ʦֲáĦֱָˣͱȷǰһѪڴţⳤ
ۼͷƽǧһ֮ʣУ뽣˸պÿ
ʹת֮ʣŷһųȥһֺֱ͸ߴͷ
һвڵʯ֮䣬ŵסȥһԵҶʱֻѾĦһڵء
žŭʱ޽ϵĽȴ֮ǰκʱҪǿҡ
һۼ˵ĦҲûкõȥסȭҺþöûԻˡ
Ħţڿб任ƣΪУ˫ЯֱȡŲʹǽŷɥֹ
Ųҵ˫ƽϻסᣬһɰ괫еͳڹĦʮֹһʱҲδ·硣
ĦȼӲƴһʱֲٱˣ㳷ʽʯ̤˾ŹԲÿ̤һγһӰ
ֻһӶĦȣÿһ޶£ûҶָһʱҲֲһı壬ֻһһҲ֪ȥ֧Ųá
ڷſӦ֮ƣͻȻһƬ⣬ҶŮɢ׷Ħȡȥ
ӽǳֽӹԼյֹˮ
ҲûţĽҶҪǮƵĳ˷ȥ
Ħаȫ¶ǿҵĸʴԣһδܽᱻʴ¡
ҶӴĦȵĻӰʯϣӰ˲ָ糣ֻһ½ϳѪǱǱˣ
ŵͷսеֹˮֱط˵飬⶯ʮʽ˿̾Ϊһʽ졢ݡһĦȸ
Ħȵһ˫ۣδӦΪԼղŻռϷ磬αͻȻתֱ¡
ĦȱǽϣסϼѨе·ԸѺȥˡ
пճŴȤ˵ֱֱĴ򷨲κʱ򶼶õģνüʱɣ˵ƽҴ򲻹㣬ʱǵÿҡ
ӵɪĳ飬ڵϵҶӡ
Сôˣע⵽ڵصҶӣ˵ſģȴһ㶼ġ
һ۵ɨЦģһԵĻʲô
ĻҶ̽̽شС㣬ֻǱˣᡣ˵Žһƿɽׯҩ顣
ûУֻǱˣҡҩƿǶһűӣһֽҩƿҶӱǶˣɽׯҩЧЧζ̫ˡ
ȡȿȡҶӱһֵζѣͻȻˣЩԺĦأ
ģѾˣǶû¶ˡҶӰȻһֱ񾭣Ҳࡣ


9 
˴ιʮ˽¥ֻң
ǰһ˱ڰ¥й󷨣һЩʱ䡣ַµļǺţһ·׷ǰ˼¥Ĳڡ
ߵһѺŵĺ¶̴ǰʵ˵ЩץŮ±ѺںδҪˣʲôУһˣеǻ˿Ѿȥ˼硣
ı¥µ˱ɽƷˣʵʵشŷһ˵˵Ρ
˸ſڣŵһζѪʲô״ζ
½пأűӸڷ
խĹķηжʮ䣬ÿ䶼ѺŮѪ߰ߡ
Ůǿô˹ȫֵǽǣӲס
űһһ򿪣߽һ䣬ϵۻŪԼ׵ѥӡ
۽䱸ŮǰСϸؽϵ⿪Ǵδй᣺£ǻؼҵġ
Ҷ߽ΣǽߵѪȡѪߣһϤĿ־бϯȫ̲ס
һԷŰοŮӵЩҲʱǿסҪŻµĳ嶯ڵѰϤӰ
һ־ֵŮӳÿƼһҶеʹӾһ֡
Ҷ㡣ʱһŮϳҶӣСؽһ
ҶѭȥŮССѺʱ䲻״̬ŮҪЩ
ҶǰСͷ㻹Щӣûаô
ΪˣСҲǰô£ɵһãЩ˽׽˴ÿձȡһѪȡѪЩŮӱѺʱ䳤ˣȡѪˣᱻߣ֮Ҳˡ
С˵ţҶӿϸϱ˵ʮ˿ڣɺԵĺɫѪγɴĿ䡣
ҶӿʰѪɫʮ֣һת̲ס˹ȥ
ҶһܳܳΡ
-------------------------------------
䳱ʪηԶգѪζŻĹζ
ЩǶޢ껪Ůʧͬ˵Ψľ
Ҷضסŷ򣬵ȴոһյĿ̡
ˣֵѾͷȡѪһҺɫ̴߽ηСƵĽҶ𣬽Ǹجеĵط
Ҷӱľϣϵʮֵ۱»ݶĹ⣬оĿɬζСδδ𡱵ϵ˿ѸܲʹʶҲģ
ġ
-------------------------------------
վסܣѩŵҶһȳһյƴܣ׷ĳȮ
Ҷ֧̱ѩϡ
׷һѳסͷһȭߣֵѾͷܣһʡģܶٴˣĸ鷳ǲǣƣȥúýѵѵ
ҶӽһţνѵѾѧνԼ˺ͣĬΣʧˡ
-------------------------------------
֪˶೤ʱգʱҶѾ԰׵һűֽƲѪɫ
ǰձȥȡѪҲ޷γСѪ
Ҷ֪ԼϾҪʧȥüֵˣͻ֮ǰЩŮһ
ҶͬŮһ𱻴һȫµķ䣬û˱ľϣҲû˽ȡѪ
Ҷף⽫һλᡣ
һ˸ߵľѪڳϮⳤ絶Уֻһ±㴩͸һŮĿڣһŮ˴ͷ˾С
Ůȶδüбֻͷײľ׽
ǰھײУƽտǵһڣټĿռֻоġϡ
գƾҶ֮޷ӳҶʰ𷿼һֻ룬ͷȥ
û뵽СʳﾹȻҲԼԭ׼¿ڵǸŮҶȥ
ףϾޡҶǿȫڷĿİ̤˾ŹԲ
βҶӲãŭ˻ڷֱײƻĶƻ˸ɾ
ҶӼʱѵǰվھ˹һ˲䷭뿪
¡һűһͷײٴ˿յľȴƸܲʹתͷҶȥ
ҶԤϣһţƵĹš
ٴνͷ̽ҶӵѹԶ
ʵغȴƺʲôָ뷿̫ԶֻܵͷԱʳ
ҶӵĶߴйײľ׽ѩƴܣˮʪСԲ𡭡Բ𡭡Բ𡭡
һûں׷Ψһڰããѩϲͣܣͣܡ
-------------------------------------
ջķſȻԲѵҶӣüͷ
ˣմӰ¥γҶӱ˯졣
½¥սһգ˽ҴŮֱͻؼС
˵¥Ľַѡ˭뵽ϰٲڵİ¥ƽǷֲǽڳһ¡
ѺŵĦȴӲýʲô˵
ŽŮ¥ڵĿ֪ĦԻ˴ӾѪιЩŮ㶼ǱץΪṩߡ
ȻŮṩѪȡѪʱ򣬱˶Ϊв͡ÿһδץΪṩʵϡ
סҶӴڴߵ֣们䣬¶ϸֻʣͷǳǳʮְ̺۴ʱ쳣ۡ
֮ǰ˰̣ʱֻͨ˺ۣȴʲôˡ
;ҲΣ취Ҳѣֱδ˹֢Ҳա
ҪȥĦȡŶԳ
齫ĦȹѺһƧԺ䣬żʱѾɢȥڼϡ
˭ͷҰ׵ߣǰΪһĴħͷ
Ƕüˣʲô˵ѺĦȵ˶Էŵ
б¾ɱңҳ¥ǺǡǺǺǡĦ̧ͷŷţɤӷ̶Ц
Ҳڰ¥£ֻ֮ǰһǸŮʲôΪԲѣŽĦͷ˳һĦȣȫĸйٶñƽ
Ҷʲôʵϴλǰ
ĦͻȻ뵽ʲôϳֳЦҲʮְ̣û뵽ȻܻڣӲ
ѻ˵鼱ϵӴ˼֡
ĦȴȫоʹЦݸܵʧȥüֵϣʮ뾫ѪܹӲдޡϷ֪ӣû뵽ʱܹᣬ
־ŭ֮¾һĦͷǰһ̻ˣһӾ˹ȥ
ԱȫΧ۵ĳ鲻ࣺԹԣû뵽㻹һأ˵õĴݵ費ء
黹̾䣬ȴоͻȻһˮԼֱϣֲá֮ǰ˵ֻҪ
ʱķƽＫƼѹģ


10 
ҶӲ֪˶ã뿪ǸجΰĵСߺ˵̸Цﲻ»ص˼䡣
һȳһյڽǰУ˼ʩһ࣬ⱲӺȹζࡣ
ָæڣһ·ϵײײ˵˶Ůӷˡ
Ҷӽſڵԩõ죬ܿǰˣʲôʲôùģ˴үΣùӳԡ
ˣŮҪ淢һ֯ץŮܹѺǷǷŮòӳԸΪ·ɳǰȡҶһϣĿۡ
ʲôǷʲôҿӲ̫ѣϽȻ֮ѺΡҲǴ򹤵ģȻԸðգƴвҶӡ
Ѻ֣ҶӻֹסıˣⱲӶٳһ鱻Ѻζ
Ŵ±ϣһҲ֮ϣĵſڣΪפͣ
-------------------------------------
齫ȫƽõҽʦȫȻÿһҶӰѹҽʦҡͷλʣҩʯΣԼԸ
⼸ձҶӴߣ֣ѳζǵѰ˵
ұĦˣΪʹɥȪû뵽ȴ㡣ôСĸӣȴܶһ˽Ҵɭﱳңϸµչˡ֮Ҷ֪α𣬽ûи˵һ˵ģͦɰġ
з㾫ͨҲĿ࿴һΪҲǽˣֻĸˣʱҾУ뷽跨ֺ㣬æʵЩʱľúܿġ
ǰδ˳ž˻ȫҵģˮ¡СȴǿǵúܶࡣʵǻǷһа취壬ȴһֱǲǺܻҾǻҲңȻż²۲㡣ʵǷģֺֹһ
չ⽫Լׯ棬ҵ˽ġһ㴩ɫʮֺÿʵ֤ҵ۹ȻûɫɫɫֻҪÿЩҪЩ·̫á
ϴ¥ķ𶹸ҼʮϲҲԼѧһЩ֪ģڳշ츳ҪٲɾͶǼһԹˡ
ڰ¥ʮҵʱЩ꾿ʲôŻ
˴ǴӰ¥ȳѺŮӹһʮһˣһһʮȥžۣһʮû˵ģһҰڳũׯɻǽ˸õȥҲȥҿ㣬ǲ˳ľˡ
-------------------------------------
ҶӶ£꣬о䣬䡣
ǸӦҸסӡۣ·𶼲Լ޷ֺʹ˳˯ȥ
Ҷǰһ׵Ӱ̤Լϵ඼޷մȾֺ
ǵӰҶǰͣסһ˫˳ذ׵֡
ҶӶߴ£ؼҡ
й⡣
Ҷס˫վǵӰ֮ǰͬһ𱻹ѺŮӣЩߺҲףʱҲ³֡ϲʹľǴ΢Ц
Ҷգһʺ磬ͣˡ
-------------------------------------
¹ˮӹڴͷ紵֯˷
Ҷӱ۾֪Լ˯˶ãһЩòԸĻ䣬Щӵص룬ֱһ˽
Ҷƫͷһ۱ƼڴߵķţŮü续΢ǳʱ޶ˣֻ̤ʵУǸģӰӴʱƺ
ҶӲӣҪһȻɵ̫õȴʹֻǳǳĶˤشϡ
ˣ˯òķţһסҶӵ֣һ˫ش˲
ҶΪԼոǵС˼֣־ҪֳȴȫʹϾ
һֻ۵裬Ҷ֮ǰ԰ֽСۿɼٶȾɫһ˫Ư۾ﺬűʪëСèҪѰ˵ı
ÿɰ뱧ڻ˳ëԺͻȻֵͷɤӣǳ⼸ιԵĶȫ˳һ˰ɣȥЩԵģ
šҶͷѹʵûиоֻηԼ֣оԼĻᱻ졣
ʱջѾȣҶӵ̫ã򵥵һ棬ʮϸ汻̽룬һлһĵζ˱ǶûöҶӴʱ汻ʳͷһڡ
Ҷû˵ʱζĳõ
ſҶһ棬ҧһڵʮ㡣
ʱ·صǰǸСԺУҲͶιľȴЩͬҹɫ¾á
һƬ΢üţһϻӽݣֱ£˿⡣
һݱƼͷҶӣһ£漴ĵСѹˣ̫ˣľͷҲһ
㿴ʲôʱˣң˵һɡƳһ֮͡
Ȼ£µ˰¥ʱֵģ˵ŽϻӴ򿪣һͨ뺡
ȡһ뺣ӸǵĹٸЩǡݳǵͨ뺣֮࣬¥뽭֪кι᣿
ɽׯ㳯֮͢£Щ뺣ͽ㴦ˡæϻǰƣ·ǰ֮ʲôɽ
ŶԳΪҲֲֽ֣ӹϻӣһͨȫȡŷϻ滹һ㰵
ŶŰƬ̣ĿʱʱҶӡ
ҶĽӹϻӣָϻӱԵļĬƬ̣һ˳£ʹ˵˳澲һ
Ҷȡ澹һֶûС
ʲô飿Ҫû𿾿ˮ̽Դ뿪Ц
Ƴ˳һۣƽ䲻ףҲʧΪһְ취ȡͲˮĵһҳС̽ţ˰Ĺ򣬺Ҳ⣬ܱĦСĲϻӰƽ⡣
ǡ˸ĺǷ۵ڵˣˣϵɽׯ޹أȤպȥоɡˣټ


11 
ҹɫŵĦȿǰϤףȻϷһ̵𣿡
ƾһ֮޷㰲ȫȳԡˡޱ顣
ĦûзɣҴ仰úûţǧСġ
ڶճȥĦʱѾûϢŭ֮½֮Ѱʡ
Ų鿴ĦǴˣԳҡҡͷˣ书Զ֮ϣҲЩˡ
ΪһţһʱֹæɢϢϵȳսȫ̳˲
ƽԳֵòǺȴҲʮָм
һ˳ɹϰ޹Ůйذ¥Ҫڽɻİ¥鴦ˡ
εһ䣬үдߣҲûɽׯˣ̫ң֮ỹ棬ʱСҲһ氡ҿԸ򵼣Ҹ˵ɽׯ˼ˣиָġ
ʹ˱ĸִ˳ੲݣһǣҶӣһָڱ󳯳֣ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ҶЩĪĿţ㶼ȳСѻ˵𣿡
ƣѻȫ˵꣬Ҫʱ
ҶЦˣСȷʵʮ̸ֽҲġ
Ҷӵ֣߱ߵطʰɣȥݳǣһЩͨ뺡
ҶŷţæҲˣҲˣΪλҪһ
ҲǻǷѵ㲻һͬȥȡһ˵оݣƺһͬȻ
ʵպĸҡҶ²ۣתһ룺ˣҲ£һɡ
գ˽ݳǣһǣ졣
һλṫŴۣŸͷ·뾭η̧һΣԱӭ׶വţò֡
˭ףộҶԴҲμӹǵĻӹôӣҲΧʶ˰һٷ̡
İɣտɸˣ֪үĶѦӭȢصһүҵŮ֪үڳǱˮϯ֣ͬȥص˻쵽һͷѦӸҪȥסһ·˼ҶúÿĽ͵
ԭˣл
ǱʱϲȾҶҲ˼ֻã˳ŵ䣬Ưת벻֪ǳʲôӵģȥ򸮿
ǳʲôģŲ޺棬Ҷѵ£һͬӭ׶һǰ򸮡
ǣҶӵ֣ʩչṦɱ򸮺ԺѰСĹ뷿
Ų鲻ԸرҶקСķ䣬ĵҪǻԱ𣬼ֱǲɻо
Ҷһ˫۾˸źĹ⣬ֻ̾һǸŮӡ
Ҷվͭǰ׶üĿȷǸˡ
ŵĿҶͣƬ̣Դ۲ÿɷ
ѽϲӣΪӿȥôģױҲûҶӴڷŶߣСֹ
ƫƫͷɢߵδôش𣬱űƿæקҶ˶㡣
ŽǸһϰװĸ߸ŮӣŸտʼΪѾߣϸ־ò
㣬һΣҪҪͬһߣ߸ŮǰС㡣
ߣˣҵô죬һָô죿֪ȨҽǱ˻飬ŹҡСͭҡҡͷûתŮӡ
һ˹һӴӣڼլۡУ
ġΣӭ׶ܿ͵ˣЩȥɣ㲢򸮵ˣһ
¶ģҾһشûĵطһ˶ʲô˼أ
ΪλǲѦָҪҵţȴû˵Ҫ˻ˡԼ޹ȥҲõһʬ塣㱾ڹأֺοһˮ
ĵطܽˮ»ȪΩԸͬͬѨ
üһҶӲһʱ棬һô˼ӵķɣȴһŰŮŮ汾ġ¼ȻײˣҲ޷޶á
żҶӴģ֪룬س˵ͷ
ҿ԰ǡͻȻ߳һˣ⧵İγ˲Ǹ껪ƯСſסѽϵĳ嶯
˵԰ǣѾزˣҲ˲ϺǺˣνġ
ҸûλСȥѦңȫˡʵһСԴѦʱթѡСĿ֮¼ѦţȻû򸮷ѡգ۹Ҷб뷨
취ȥǲ׷ǹʣ£̫ðˡС˳һҲŵ
㲻õģұˣԵ·ƽΪǲģλȴѰһȷ³֮뿪ܱƽ޹ʶҪǿǰջԳԴͨҶӣദһЩʱգҲմȾϼʱΪ˵СԼԽʿԾӡ
Ҷ֮Ըðգһһ֪ۡסҪ֮˵ĹĪĵ
壬ټؽλԱ˵Ըǳģ˴˭Ը⸰
ôһҪλģҶӰ˰֣ߴٵԵĻضིˣԺһúùӾͳɡСϽɣӭ׵˾Ϳ쵽ˡ
Ų֪ʱҲ˳ҶӱʾԼ֮ӵҲʮֵĿٽˡ
һæҵĵڣӭ¶鵽֮ǰҶӻװ
С㵽һԼƽ֮ܶأҶһͬѦ
ƽӼҲ˴򽻵磬ֻ˵ӣûٻɡ
Ҷӳ˻εѦſڣѦҪӱãһԵķȴһѦӵĻ
һߵѦӣù죬ϲҲ÷ֻĿĬŮ˴ᱧԼ߽á
ַܵǷǱע⵽ͷס뱧Ů˽
㵨ӻͦ˳޵ⶼóϲŭ
ⲻ鼱֮ұ֮ˣ·ƽΪ̻ҵġҶڷŵı䣬Сֹ÷ǳֱ׳
Һʱ̹ðݣ
߽Ҫѧͨǳ֮¿зǳֶΡ书·滹̫ˣԺҶ̽㡣ҶӴԲѵ


12 
Ҷ֮ǰ˵ļƻȻѦȰãΪӻᱻ붴
ѦΪɹٵдһʱıͣڼ㹻ҶͶѡ
ʱúԺֲˮ㼸ûڵӣб˹˲׷ϸˡ
ڴʱԺǼѾСˣ÷һ˾ͺá
꾡һʧ
ôʱۼ˱ͣҶӺѦվڴ룬˾ǸߺȡһءҪס
һֱվҶĬķŴʱͻȻһҶӣһִסѦõƣñ͵ýղˣʹա
ҲҶӵļƻֻͻȻãøֱЧİ취
ʲôͻıñʹֲ˵׼õһˡ
ҶڷűСڸ֮ǰ籾ɲôдġ
뵽˸õľ籾ŸҶӶ˵꣬ͣǸλѦ֪ЩԹҪȡλ뿪
˼ųֽ棬࣬ĪĽʿ֪Ѱ𣬶»꼰Լ׷Ѹ˼Ҹǡ
Ҽϱտˣһ
ҼҵĴڽҲҪˣҵûȥ
ҼҵİոˣǽպҪ

һʱ䣬ɲŻĴ̼ſȸ
Ѧ֪סһŵĨ͵ıͣˡ
Ǻˣ˽ҶǺξģѦ֪ŷţĿѡ
ȡ壬֪ǰ˵ᣬС㲢䣬׮¾ʹա
ҶĿɿڴؿһĻĵԹԣȻ˵߽ǳ֮µзǳֶΣ㵹Ҳ˾һҲðһС㣬㵹Ǻãһð乫֪ð׹ɱͷﰡ
Ѧ֪ŭȵ󵨿ͽøʲô͵ð䵱ˣѺΡ
ɣҾ֪ҶӴʱҲ˲ǰļƻˣŷżϽӰȻűץΣ
ȻŽȴ˸˫ֱ۶øѦ֪һЦˣϣҪΪյΪڡ
ҶӼ״ͷˣϷ˰㣬ʱɲԲҪô񰡣
Ѧ֪Ȼܱһ仰סʱѾá
Ų㶯֣ſڣηĶԼߡǼƣ·ʱȥηȥ硣
ǷűѺҶȻҲܶһѦϸӣ˸ͷߵߣһ
շ䣬֪ƽҵô
ʵ㡣Ƿ̫ǿѺ䲢δֻηϣԸȥһԺȾˡ
·ֻʣҶˣҶŵĹĵ˵㵽ôİ֮ǰǼƻúúõֻã˶ͷˣǵôǰһ
ѦһƷˣĪҪá΢ü
ǶǼƲߣֲҪóסҶЩЦá
Ʋ߲ףбİ취ǷǵҪá
Ǹøôģ˵ҼƲ߲ףð乫ˣɱͷ˿̻ҶӱЦˡ
ĪһܳȥˡżҶˣϽ
˻˵Ҷӵһɧ
ű´򿪣źɫεӵϥڷŸǰӥ٣ˡ
޷ʱɡŵڣλߵƻȻɡ
ʱһԵѦ֪Ͷɸ£ˣ¹飬ð˹£ˡ
ǵ¡ӥѹ֪ϣڷǰ
ǰӥյţ˵ƽЭ¥ݵ㣬·ϱЩʱգһ˻δϵƽǣűѾĦȴ
¥黹δǷдţԼڽݳǻ棬ȴĵص㾹ȻС
ҹѺ£Ѧ֪ǺôĹ
빫ˡ빫ˡѦ֪תţߵͷ
ݺ飬СĻգǴ˺󲻵ٱΪңˣŸڵϵѦ֪κ¶ȡ
ˣ¹Ժ֮¡
ǰһʼδҶӵģ·Ǵðģʲôʱ˰֣װõͦģġ
ģűʱܻͦ˵Ѧ֪ˣųӡݵô¹򣬵ʱӦ߳ŭǻҪǵ
ģѦ֪µǴӦˬ죬ֱƷתͷܳԣΪʲôֵ˵̬ǲ̫һ㣿˵һﲻǹɣЩҳϦദ˾ǵ
ܾѦ֪ʢһ˵齡Ҷӻ֮ҡһΪ𺳵УӥѾ׼̸Ҫ¡
úϢҵȻóԵġŽǰҶӵ֣˵˾Ļ
ʱ˭ų԰ι
ֻзӥ˽һ¹ı顣
£֮ǰ˵ɽ֪¥йᣬʲôƾݣ
ȿŽմϻȡһͨĵϡ
ôͨĵȫӸ˽֪ӡӥһΪ𾪡
ҳó׵ҪŦ֮أ¥ھ˶Ľݳͨ뺣ıҪúòһ⽭֪ų˵ԼĴ㡣
ˣС
ӥ̸еúܿ죬ҶӻδüݵĴϵжٿӣŶʲôݡ
Բڽݳǿһ㶨ϲŽϣкվڴǰҶӡ
ҶӳһСӣС飬ſűӨ͸ؿڸҲһܲǡǳԶʱ
żҶӾȻվһ޶ԣͶιҵһ˻¬ֻ̾˿͵Ҳǹ㣬ұᣬǵʥ֮Ůڽʱõš
Щ¥ԽԽڽٲʻǵ볯͢ҡ֮
ϰ¥ֻһ֯͢û֤ݲֱӳѹΪŵĵӷţǿϵԿ¥ľѡҽˣڿԹ𣿡
һ˵õˮ©Ҷ˵䷴˼ҹΪ£֦Ҷ֮ȴ̶ѨΪΪ񣬾ϹᣬԼһСϰҲǺɫްּӣʲôɶԹʹСӣ
Ҷǰ£һֻ룬˱Ƕζ磬Ҩһ׷УŴʿڣԲӡ·裬ζŴŴģȻͬеһóԡ


13 
ΪҪӥ̽ݸĻıűڽݳǶա
ϾҶȥһ򸮣˴ǲǷǽ룬ȥġ
ҺԺĸˣ˵ľȴ֮ǰȻͬ
㲢֪ŵʵݣֻ֪Ѧ֪ͻȻȡ˻Լǰһջ㹲ȪĿԧ죬ʱȴس
үҲĽѦַ֪֮ǰίȫֺγ֪νѵŮҪεĴʮ֧֣׼˷̲֮˽ٻؼҡ
м׵ֻ֧֣֮ˡ
ԲҪлλ壬ǻȲѦ֪ı⣬Ȫ⽭ݳǵһգλСɽģˮԵټ˫ֱȭصسҶһ
ձɽڣǲ𣿡ҶӲ⡣
ˣ֮£ֻЩһͬأ˵ĵطﲻǹأʱ㲻յЦ绨չֳ
һ뵽ȫҲԼһݹͣҶӵĺһֱҹ
³ɽڣҹĽݳʫµƣԸŵƣĴһ־
ŵУҶһڳй䡣
һ˰ѩһ˷ױǹҵװ磬ڽʮúг
һҲŮڣдֹеĹԤȱòֽͨݡȣƳɸɵСգ֮ˣԴԱ⡣
˲ĹǰСҪٵԵҪһյգǱר˶ĵطȥ
ǰΧһ̯λҶŷźò״Ⱥȥԭڲµա
ʮǮɻһβյĻᣬѡսв²⣬ÿһ⼴ɵһ֣ɼ²£´ֹûֿɶһ̯ϵС
ɨһ̯ϵĽƷлƣȣҵȡ䲻أȴҲЩ˼ʮӦ
żҶӶǶС۷Ź⣬һܸȤģ̯ʮǮ
ѡա
ֳһֽ̯̯չƽʵƽһ֡
񡣡ȼ򵥲֣Ÿѧʱ㶮ã̯䣬ֱӴϡ
˹һΣһ֡

̨ӳ·һ֡
꼡

ÿζ̯ն棬űֱӸյףΧ֮ȫӦ
ҶӱΪ˻ŬһģԼֻר־ضŷƣ¹ˮƺһβľһϡ
ѧʶһѶȽӣܹɵõ˴εյռ󽱡
⡣
ˮˮˮ¶ȴˮѹ£̲÷ۡ
ʫȻľ仰֮ǰĵճ˲٣ʵÿһ䶼ָͬһյףҲѲ³
յһ֡Ŵݵ𰸡
ĽĿУűʾ̯ռ󽱲ȤҪһյ͵Ļơע⵽ҶӵĿʮΣΪġ
ϲģȥɡһСӵĿǡ
ҶڿѡֻӻʱǱֹסóԸҲûмƽ
Ҷһӻƣһǣŷţ뿪˵̯λֻû㱻˽ס׼ȷ˵Ƿű˽ס
һɴС㣬ģס
ǡղŲµʱҾվڹԱߣ֮¡
ʮԻĿֻ幤µң𣿴ʱԼȷʵŮװûǰ֮Ҳȷʵλԡݳǵ羹˹
ɴС㲢ûиžܾĻᣬУת˳
һԵҶĿһĻŵЦЦ
ĪıЩȣңϲֻңˡ
˼Сһ⣬ҿɲҪҶһ
⻰˵ú֣λСŮӣʲô⣿ü֡
Ů֮㲻֮ǰҲ
ǲһϾʶ
ʶ˶𣬻³ҶӽҹѰ˼ֺ档
ȻҲǵģо֮ϲáʵʱһܺõıãʮִɰֻϧˣ񻹻ţӦҲһˡ
ԭǾáҶû˷ŵĺ棬ӻƣͷأڷǰ档
żҶӺȻ䣬Щ֪룬Ͻ첽׷ȥ
ã㡣ۼҪ׷ˣȴһͻأкס
šüǰλ֮ͣǺϽСӣôҲܵݳˣ
ڲδע⵽Ŵʱɫǿģδ龩ǰЩӥҲ뿪˾ǣ붨ʲô飬ӥһѰ㡣
ǺǣСӻǴС󶼰ƨ棬ӥҲԼ㱨¡
˵ȴҲ˿˵Ի£ȥѰʱǶ˵ѾȥˡұųýɽڣڳĴû뵽ˣ˵ǲǾͽԵ֣
ʲôԵ֣ΪûһȺĴ¡⻰̫׾ӣŶûȤ
Ȼһ˵ԻһĴ˿ȴһһ˲ŷĹӸ溬ЦӣֻΪһˣʤѩòŮʼհϣһһʮֻ
ҶȻҲע⵽˺ڵĳ֣û̫ԶֻںΧŷʱĬĬ롣
˳һһŮڿϷеĲӼˣһθоǰķţԼϦദգȴʵԼԶ
ҶȻЩԱЩ۾˶ĥѣǵʱ±˲ȽҲδùԱǰ˺г۵һĻȴһζԱζ
űڳöۣ˴Ҳ÷ֻܽԽԽ죬ŸϽص˦˵ĸƨ档˺һŷԼߵҶĶȥˣ
ŵĿȺѰŲԶľҶĿӡ
һϲҪסҶӣȴҶֻĿӴһ˲ƫͷתһȥ
ô£
صݺ󣬷Žߡݺܴ⴦ֻд˷ҶˣʱҶȴδƽڴµҲЪˣһԺ塣
ҶӵͻȻ룬ƵģôСϲŭ޳ˣóԵȥɡ
һߣҶӴʱһյӻźӰʯ·ߡ
ҶӵͷűߵʯһһŵǰߣСֹиƯСңǱ˵ãʶӢӣѰ£ʲôɲĵģ
ҶҧҧĴǳǳӡһСʱһţδղǷҿοչ֣һԼұɫ
ҶӷʡԼֵ̬ⷬʵֲҵʲôˣǲƼˮ겻һ£һЩҲǱİϤһЩο֮ŮҲһԼ˭಻֪мջͷĹŮȫˣйݽսὥнԶ
ټǰ⾵ˮ°´ˡٹգȥŴаɣȥǰԼһ˵ҲûʲôáͲԼģ޷ġ


14 
ԺһʱҲûҶӻµĪǳʲô¡
ŽӥȥѰ㿴űƿҶϻյӻƣͷߡ
վסҶӣߣĪЩǣֻĽͷŴһȷ£Űġ
ҶʵҲ˷ţһֱԺԼվԼȴδ֨
Ҷ̾˿ֱԼȥڣ˵
ڶ𴲺ҶӵķȻգϴһȥ˳ҶƽյĿζϲ˼򵥵СˣԶҶ⣬ǲҪļ
˻˯𣿷ԥҪҪš
ʱһ·ŶŲǻǰҶСҪһѹľϣһֱԼڷˡ
֪ˣȥæɡȷҶѾŷģǰţҿԽ𣿡
Եһ¡Ҷӵȥмּ٣ºȴҲֱŽ룬ſڴƬ̷żҶӽŴ򿪡
һ۷䣬һ糣ƽʱ²Լ֪
ǳɡҶӽ¹ϣԺеʯǰ¡
ѹк棬δԼ˷Ŀģ̷ʯϣ˵ˣͶûгԶٰɣ˼Сˣ
ҶһϵĲ̣˼ֻµĵӣװӡˮ󶹸ѳ嵭ЩԼƽϲĿζ
ƽʱҶӶǻȻãȴЩɺڴģҲķ⣺лл
ҶӴʱûʲôθڣȴڷڴĿмһӣҧһڡ
ţóԡ
ȻҶȤȱȱĵѵСŮ˼Ѳ¡
ԴɽڻҶӱ֮ǰЩͬø˵ƽϲĳʳҲûп
벻ĸڳ⣬ֻСԼ¡
ÿ˶Լ˽Ųٸףȴܵ뷽跨öԷһЩ
˼βҶӸЩȴ˸ĵ
ãһ˵³֪Ƿд˿ڸѰȥӥ
ӥſڣһ͵ŰݷõĺڣλӴӾһ·ݳǣҲסǹ죬ԼҲŽԺӡ
ʱû˳ڵǺʰһ˫û˶Ŀӣһ鶹Уš̫ζˣ벻õô֪Ժܻд˿ڸ
󵨣ùµ𣿡ӥȥˣȵ
ҶֳֿڰУǻסİӣһʱҲǣҲǣԼ֮ǰԹô๫ʳǲǡʮִ治£
û뵽ԼΪ֮ӣȻһָʹѵЩίسŵá
ҹüɫ䣬ʮ䵭
Բ𣬹ЩҲסһڷǰ޾֮ҲϽǿԪѫʥ϶øӣһֱΪԼϷŵˣǵ÷ŲãȴҲҵ档
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ôý뽭ݳǣȴΪ⣬Ŀġӥ˳Щ˼ȥ
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˷ŵƺ˵һ·ָֻ֮ǰੲϲͲðʶ鶼Ӱ˵
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ˣǻҵҵʱˣ˵Ѧ֪ҲҵĹֻǰἰڲΪ
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Ҷ⼸֮Ѵ깤ʱѵûԼڷʣദʱ޶֪࣬ߵԺС
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⼸ѵÿҶϲԾشЦݣڴ˴ҵ𣿡
ҶӿǰĵЦգɣȴмۣȴδ¶ƾ˳͸͸뺫һȥ𣿡
Լἰһ±˾񣬿óʮŮԼɵץùϵյùһͬݣδü䡣⼸ҿǽݳǸص˸͸ձҸ򵼣һһ⽭ݳ֮ʱҲһɡ
˭ãҶϲԣǷȱסˣ̽̽Ŀڷ磬û룺ͷһ·ͣҲˣЩȥϢɡ
ǿ׵ȴԲ˹ĵζܳͷͷǺĳȲŹˣչҪĳƾǲ
ߺټԺӱֻʣҶŶˣſҶӣɫ糣Ҳ֮ǰǰ᲻ģڽݳҲ˲ʱգٹձ°ɡ
ȷʵӦˡҶ
㡭𣿡żҶûзԣСȷϵ
ûҶ΢ɼ̾һȷʵ
֮ǰǸӻûҶˡ²ۣ¿ģͦƽͣѾˡ
ˣ˭ұ곤СЩϲŭ޳ȻҪһЩ


15 
Ųձ㽫뿪ݳǣ֮ǰҪȥһˡҽ
ҽʮأҽ֮ߣκ֢жӭж⣬Ѻٳ
ǼǰЩ飬Ҳ֪УڽݳǱСС
֮ǰദʱű֪Ҷ볣˲ͬƺÿն踨ҩģվǸ
ԵҶӲԸϸ˵Ҳǿʣֻ͵͵ЩҩʣĲǰȥҽ˽һ
ҽҲ겻ţ˼򵥺䣬Žҩóʵҽһλնôҩҿкë
ƽʲôر֢״𣿡ҽ߽УûԴȻԭҽֻܴӷſ˽
ֻ֪ǰĽ˺ü£ȡѪʱ˲ÿնЩҩŻԼ֪Ϣﲻɵ
ҽӹҩ˳򣺡һҪֽ⻯Щҩеĳɷ֡
Ѧҽ⴦˱ҽ飬ⷭţҲסʱżҽҩصżæվ
ЩҩɷֱȽϸӣԷϷЩʱ䣬ӻϵëʮˣҲǼȱѪµ
ʮꣿҲʮꡣŰоκˣٴȷϵ
ǱûˣëǴʱȻҲòҵ䷽ϷֻǴЩҩжϣӦʱܹˣ˻Ŀǰ֪ܵ
ʲô취ܸΣżе
Ϸ̧һҽ㸴֢״ֻƾһҩ߱˵涼ûмƷ
ȥϣһҪȾŲԾ˾ơ
ȥɣϷҲڴս
γŵʱЩãӥʱֻҶһԺУһֻľ
ָʹҷŵ²ڡҶľ񣬿ͻȻõӥ
Ҵ˴ǰҶӥ䣬ֻŰɫĻ̌ӽԺӡ
˵֮ǰҶ˹ڶԿ¥ʱҲЭĶࡣ֮빫һͬ£Ҫ̲ز٣Щл¡ӥ˽Ӵ򿪣鱦ƱӦоС
ҶӿһЩӣЩ껹δôǮƣû֨
лľˣٵҡһ֮ͣһֻµСϻҶԡ
յһЩ⣬׸ģղӥԣ˼
ľˣҲǺĳľˣЩСҪڴϻӣװĶǵǰݳ׷鱦
Ҷӵɨϻӣ涼ЩƯСƯۡ
ڼҶӲΪִӶһƣҺֻжҺҼΪҪ֮˿ɵãҺҵ鲼ȫֻҪЩ˳ʾи㡣
Ҷֻ˺һۣһǰӵϲһƱ
һƱгţҶӶӥҾҹʱǷӣûҵľ鷳ջȥɡתڣںӵĺ⣬ڴˣЩػǸʺϹɡ
ҶӵⷬӦڳ˶ʼδ̬ȼȴҲǿ
ڼųٳδ飬ֶԼģҲüڴûȤиǡ
ӥߺҲȥȴҶӽס
ԵȣȻŻͷתҶӽľݸӥ׼õϿ˼仰
ҶﲻԽ𣿡ӥɻ
ˣҵȻҪ뿪鷳˵һڱģԻסҶӶӥһʩ»ص䡣֣ԼûеŸ
ӥҶӾıӰٵȷŻ˵ʱûҶӵľ
»صݣǻƻʱ֡
ŵһʱֱҶӵķ䣬ֻʰ룬һˣȻһ˿
ֻصԺУϸѰһȦվʯԵӥˡ
ˣֻſӥɻ
ҶհѾȥ½תӥľݸš
ԴŻصݣע⵽ˣȻҲ״ʱҵ˭ֻĪЩǰš
Լ뿪ˣŲŵĴţȲĶݡ
ţ
㿴ŵʱӦѾ·ˡǸܼһ·Ҫ죬Ҳҵ·Ҫߡ
ܿദһʱ⣬֮ǰ˵Դʶܻңңʵϲġ
ϵʱη壬ЩŮԴ¿˹⣬Ҳӹȥ˳
㣬ƽȴչҸ࣬Ϊ֦Ҷˡ
һʮˣҲδҰڹӡıãҸжʵشҺãҲ˲е̰ģʵǲԵġ
֮ǰǷҵӣѾȡˣҴ˺Ƿ
˸С⣬͵ٱ͸ɡֻľ˾ǣ㷨㽫ֱĳԹֻ谴»أ߳˵дŵ󣬺úʹ֮һ˵ʱҲ·ˡ
ԭû㵱Ը㽫ܹԸҸ
-------------------------------------
ΪʲôͻȻ˵߾ߣһ䵱ĸûУģһֻᵽȥŽŷ˼飬ÿһʶɺһȴ·ʶˡ
δйĻң־Υʧظ޴룬ĸоʮǰĸȥδйĵһؽţ׷ȥ׷
ӥ˵Ҫ뿪ʱз£ŷ⣬һ˫Ưüͷչ
ģ´ллҶɺҲڡӥ췢֮һһʮ˵ɫѿĵԼĪʲô
뿪ˣߵ·
Ҷ˴ԼʱߵϱٵӥϵŻдʣ´̽ˡ
ұƥҽ뿪ݳǡһ߽ʰһӥٽڽݳͨһ£˳ȥһϵ˳һºҵںСӣǰ鸸ʽӪȥ⼸հĴڽݳеȺȥҽߵüֻԺлȥͷˡ


16 ط
ҶڽݳʱߵȻŸ·ʱ㷢˿顣
֮ǰԴȶȹ꣬¼ʹ·һ·ҲзչˣǺ⸱ƽۡ
ʱҶſϣӹҪɢܰܣҲЩκ
ҶӴӰȡҩƿһƣʣƽճ֮ҩÿռãҲҩԱʱ֮衣뿪Դʱҩʣ޼֮ǰɬѵȴδüвɹ
뵽˴ҶֻͷˣаԼ˼ǲܡǼֻλεϻӴֻ̼ų÷ŲڸϽ뿪ȴôҪһ硣
ʱϲ»ȥݳǣҶӹž˴ķ粨սų̣ǰǴһ
ֻɫʵڷúܣҶڹٵѰһڲ̯ĴóЩǮ˵⣬Խһ
˷Ҷӷһ׷ҹ̵ķ˦˺档
ƽһ˶ӣҶһСŮ⣬һģչˣڶר˼·ϳԡҶл˴³
ǰһƬɭ֣֮г̱㲻ǰ˿ҵ޵˼ҡ
ҶԴʮʱʦ뿪ҲйһҰҹľֻʱδ¥׽ȥӹǶٱҪˬЩ
Ƭɭռؼʮȴֱͨ粨һ·
һҹҶ𣬲Χ壬ֹҰ޳û
ҶӿǰΧķһƬ̧ͷգޱߵҹɫйһ£
ǲЩᣬµĹ̫ҫۣҶۿﲻ֪ӯᡣԣʱרעһҲʮ
ҶסһҵĿԣѪԭ׵ĵɫ
ǰû㽿ɼףѡҶӱŰߣԳš
֮ǰҲԼһ꣬ϰ񲻹˶̶̲һµ飬ֲӦǰ
ҶԼй˻˼κԶĶҩ
Щ֮һӲдƾ㹻ⲻԼȥţȴǿ˵Ӱӡ
ƣʶȴѣҶӱΰѵ״̬Уɭȹһҹ
ʱķѾϵ˷粨;̽Ҷӵ䣬һԽżųҲԽӿ졣
űͳڽߣΨһܵų̵Ĵɭ֣ҲҶӵĻľ·ԴӽݳǸϵ粨ֻ˲һհĹ
ҶӵĻˣõĻشû
˵֮ǰ·ǡôҲпԭ粨⴦ط˵СС˵ҲҶòߣûһӡ󣬱ЩϳˡԽݳϣԲʮҲޱĳ
ʶԼҶǰ棬һҿջס£á
ֹһգҶҲϵ˷粨򣬵ĵһ±ֱҩҩ
ԼҶһձ׬һգ֮ǰӶ񻯣ֶζҩġǰ·ҩĲĽѵ˴βɹʮֳ֡
Ʊ֮ǰȥʮôһҩģҲʣࡣ
һջҶϰ˸ҩ¯ںԺҩһնҰⱼƬ߰
ҶӳżҩĹˮϴһһˬĻصԺƿʵҩѳɹƶ
ҩֵϢҶ㾫Щ粨Ĵ䡣
ʱ粨򱱵ļУ֮ʱ·ﲻߺ䣬ҶԴʱϤС
ҶѰǺ«СһöͭһһڣЩᣬԴǺ«
ҶüŲ˷ѵԭһһ߼ҧµڶţͻȻײһˣǺ«ײڵء
ڵմҵǺ«Ҷ˿ɲҹ˷ѵġ
ҶûдƽϣϵǺ«׼Ѱطȴǰܹźɫ̴ӣһĴѰһ߿дʣ֣ǸѾͷĶȥˣոܵġǰ¥ˣҶϵ·ϱǡ
ҶתղײԼһֻ˫ֺʮŰеơ
һֲµŮͿû˵ģԼظղ¥׷˱ˡ
ǰҲֹ۵ҶһѡܱȻҶӲ˷ţ£һԹۡ
ߣܰ˦ǡҶӶŮС
Ҷ粨ҲŲգ֮ǰҲֻȥҩջԵθ֪񣬴Ůרδ
ҶӸ뿪ãҲͬһУϱߴ˰ҶӵϢϱŵ
ҲƼǸǺ«Сϲʳȴʹһҧһţüͷһš黨ˣǵҶӸԼǴóԡ
źԥؽʣ´봮Ǻ«ҶӵĻ̽Ϣ
ҶӴŮշתصԼʱ齵ĿջԼ˨ںԺǣŮУóʣһŮԵҲˣӾôطҪòףҴ·ӣȥԺ·ͨ˴㿴Լˡ
ҶӵİŮ˳⡣ҶŮ൱ס
ʱΣҲףŮס˫ֱȭҽɣճй֮Եλ
һλҶӳɣػӻָ֣ǰٵˣǸߣһ֣ȥ֮Ѱ㣬㲻ˡ
ɣҶֻص˷粨Ȼղһ·С䣬粨ϾôطɣߣһһսΣģʮص㣬¥˱ͲԶֻҪԼӴ֪ɣͬһʱҲźۼ׷Ѱ˳ıؾ֮·
ҶԶԶƼӣνߡ
ѾͷĪǳˣһͣĴȴָͬɣ۵ҶӺţǱߣ׷
ҶӽУխǽ΢΢
ƽƾṦ˦ˣóѰİ¥ڣǴزİ򣬼ҶоЩ
Ȼδһ˳Ѿ߽ӣѾͷܲ˰ɡ
ҶʩչṦ֮ǰǽһ࣬ʱЩһ£ʱҲ˲Щ
׷ҶͷҲص˳ܼĵط壬ȴײһȵӡ
ǸҶͷҲû̧ӵ޷ˣȴһѳ
ﰡ˵˱ǸˣҶּյ̧ͷƼϤݺһʱЩ㱣ţ


17 ·
ڼϴ˼Ҷӣһ·׷棬ҶӸ׽ԲƵģÿոϵһط˾Ͳˡ
ֵĽֵ˺ããְ˸ˣȴ֮ȻһͷײԼ
ŵͷŻеŮֻȾһ㳱죬̴΢ᴭıӲڵʣƺżʲô
Ȼȷſڷʣͼź¶̴ӽϣڣһӵװ硣
е˼֣סҶӵļ簲׷𣿱¡
Ҷû뵽ڴ˴ţаٸн˿̸ǰģɵشڷߣҲżˡ
¥ڿҶӵģ־ŭô˸ˣǸѾͷأ
һҲͬȱô࣬ץ˵һ˵űֵҶȥ
ȻδһҽУǰһ̻ĳӣʱϥѪעʹŹڵء
վԭػδǸӼͻıʣŵסеĵѡ
Ȼδ˼ףҲоϥһǰİŮɫŲľƾĽŽ
˽ǣҶͷҲص뿪ˡڳУôĵĶ˿ģӦֻආ˷ʱ䡣ⷬǵĽŽСʹ룬㹻ʮжˡ
ۼΣҶҲ˿ʱһֱֻ߬ڷУﶼźҶӲ⣬Ϊηһݴܻ˵ܱԼæ˻Ҫܳ
ǣ˳дü죬Ҷ֮ǰǽŤĽױ㷢
˻~Ҷӳʹһֻֻǣţ
ôˣﲻűҶקסͣ½ŲҶɫʹ࣬һ˫Ưüͷšһæסĵ
ߵ̫ˣЪһЪҶŵ֣һȳһյس̨ȥ
ŷҶȽ㣬һƹ䣬һסļ򣬽˴ᱧסĿջĶ
Ҷû뵽ŻһһʱֻоתԼˤڵϣֻסŵĲӡ
Χʱ˳ԼҶһС͵ͨ죬СԷŵʵҲûôأЪһЪͺˣ㻹ǰҷɡ
ƽһǨҶӵķŴ˿ȴʮסҶӵ˫ֲûɣ֣֪㲻ƼΪ飬ԿЩסںδЩȥЩƼ
ҶΣָֻܸ·˺ܿصҶʱ齵Ŀջ䡣
űҶСؽڴϣЬ࣬Ƽԭ𪾫µĽ״ʱһƬס
ҶӾЩΪ飬÷ȳȥȴǿ룺ҽŮӣԾƼӣҲڡ
⻰ôЩ죿
ҩ֪Ҷҩģѯʵ
ҶָָһԵɫȡһƣװŸʽҩģϴμʱ
֮еΣлǲɵñһ¡
Ҷӵָ£óƿεҩ࣬ٳһĨҶӵĽףָ˴ͿȰĦ
״Ϳϱҩֱַ࣬İĦһȣǸоֻۣЩֵֹġ
ҶӼҪؽţŰס
ŭߵĲʵŵ𶯣Ť˽ǣʱƣȳʮģҰͿԼᰴĦ𣿡
ԼȻᣬֲǵһŤˡҶи̵ȴҽ仰˵ܾټ棬ŵƺ֮ǰЩһˡ
ŰҶͿҩӲ˲֣ȴûҪ뿪ӵĴ㡣
ҶŷƽݣԴ򲻾ǰط꣬һУûԵţһ̸̸ģҪĻҡ
˭ûἰ֮ǰĲǶҶӴעӵЦ֮ǰھ㣬񵹻ң¿û㡣
֮ǰдҲǷ֪ӶǲϲǷǷңҲʳѰǺã˳ҶӵĻһյģ
Ҷƫͷŷţ֪ģû֨
ҲȱȴҲһֱǷܣԼˡ
˵ҶһܾģŹǼѶʱδڽ߶ҪһȴǶһֵز죬֪㷽мѣΣ
һˣҶӱʾɣӥ˺ͺûһ𣿡
ӥڽݳҪҪ죬ںڣҪкɣ
ŵĺ仰ҶЩΪ֪СϲҶͷƬ̣ɫ糣ƺں鲢Լ˼Ƭ̵ðɣҴӦ㡣
˴գʱѾˣϴҶ˯ȴ⴫һֻµҶæһԵϣһƣǷվſڶԼЦ޺
ôˣ㲻ԼϢ𣿡Ҷֵ
һҪһͬסͬһջ᷽Щ
ȥƹĿͷ֮ǰƽʱҶȷʵйͬסһݣʱɬͬŮӣʱҶӲδкβס񡭡˴ηŴ̲Լһӣ
ҸʹƹˣʱĿͷˡһ߽һ߽ݣϡ
ҲȥڵĿջҶ仰ȴ־Щ飬һ߿һߺſ̫ȴҲ÷ſĲȻ
ҶֻܴӦ˯棬˯棬˯̫ʵҹŵ㣬ǱԲסˡ
޷˯Ź˹ǣ룺ҹ˯ϲʵһ֪
ˣҶҲٶԣ¹Ǵ۾ʼ򡣱ΪзԼ˯ȻͶƣܿ㽫硣ڸҷԼ˯õʧߣҲ÷ܣİĿջ֮ȴĪġ
ҶӲڴߴǳĺǰŮһС԰׵ü͸ʹѾۣҲ˸оŨŨƣ⼸չòɡŮĽëֳ־һֻչɵĺ
ųҶӵνͬŮҪݼ֣ʱӣԵССһֻ֣Ҷӵ۽ǻա°ͣһƬϸļܵ˾Υİ
⼸һֻѰҶӣһڿеƣƮûйͣϸ˼Ϊλֻ֪Ǵ˺ټҶӣԼһʮѹ
ҶõԼߣбһ룬ƶڣʱ
ʲô취һκĲ㲻ѹʹƽϲ


18 ִ
ҶӵɣڶһʰڿջͣУ׼һƥ
ϰ壬˵ҪʮһƥҶӿǼƥ޾ɵŵ
Щëɫӣ񲻼ãžͲܶԶӣ۸ȴȽݳѵءǧĿ
һڼʮ˴ԲʮֻڻʣƥҪϽġӵϰһڷߺš
ǲˡ˵ǣҶ뿪С
ǲǻҪ治ˣҶȻҲϰ۵Ϊǲ˭⴦˼¢ء
Щһ㲻ԶУҹһŽҶǣԼĿǰʾȥ
Ҷӿǰĸͷｫ͸ղЩëһԱȣ׷˵еضӯһƥԵʲôֻǡˣǮ÷أûʲôֻˡ
żҶѹԹϣԼҲҶӺ󱳣˫ǣס~ȥҶӱ§ڻ
ҶӸоͻԾغһƬŬֱͦҪöЩһֽŻ
ҶӵͷŬУһʱδע⵽ߵķ

ȵȣⲻϱߵķǲߴˣǰǰ·ʱƼϤҶӲʡ
Ȼһ˽ݳǣʶǶһλҽҽʮָơϽţδͣ
ҲȥݳǣǻǼ°ɡһ뵽ڽݳǿֻڣҶб㱾ܵų⣬׷ŶԺ⣬һ뵽ʱģʮֲԸ⸱ԼѰҽΪ
Լֲǲ֪ҽչкôġʹһܵøЩ
˵˲ȥݳǣ˵ȥҲŴӦͬһһҪؽݳǣǱһ˻ȥˡҶӼأвɵŭ
ԣԼ嶼⣡ڲı䷽ҪôһͬȥݳǣҪôԼ߻ȥżҶӶԼ벻⣬Ҳ˼ֻ˵ԾЩ
ҾԼ߻ȥҶƽºͣڰȫľ뷶ΧദҶల£ƼģűǼЩͷһ
һ仰ĹҶѾѷŵĻŻɵس粨ķȥ
û뵽Ҷ˵סͣºҲ˱׷ȥǲҶӾ߻ȥ
Ҷû߼оǣסԼ֣ͣ½Ųվԭûлͷ
ԲҸողӦ˵ʵڲȥݳǣǱ㲻ȥ˰ɡʱŵģʱ˼Сƽϰ˵һԼûʶеԭǰദյСѾͷʱƺҲԭˡ
ݵĵǸҶѵƢɢ˾⣬תǣסŵֽ͵֪һ⣬ҲǲԼ壬ֻЩ⣬֮ǰҽ޲ߣһδεľʧúµЩԼ顣
ѵûκĲ𣿡źܸҶԸͣȴ޷ؿҶӵһš
ûда취ǡҶ룬ҡҡͷ
ʲôע⵽Ҷӻأ׷ʵ
ǹҽԳ֣һϣҶ˵𰸣ԼҲ̫ȷ
ָųơ˲ҽĹҽʮһŬԺѰŹڽ˵ļ䣬ﵹǺܾ֮ǰš
ˣֻλҽٲԸ죬ܽҲûκΰ˵֡ҲҶΪδδȥҹҽԭԼ״Ҳ˵û֧Ŷһ˰ɽˮȥѰˡʹѰҽʲôҲ
˵Щ곣һûǿȥǱơٲұŬȥңԸ죬ұֻҪһϣͲ׷˷ķϣ϶
ǡ㲻ǻҪȥ𣿡Ҷŷգգۡ
ûʲôܱҪ仰˵ʮ棬ҶʵܵԼڶԷķһů
Ϊյϣ˱˹ٵѡһΪݾС·Ҷһָ·һ㶼Ļʧ
·խƫƧһͨԷƼǰ˴ʱòסʱͣ
ǰֵһСǹ￴Ųʮ˾꣬ƽƽӵĶ֡
ɣҶϳλԼվ֮ˡ
ʶ˵ʾ䣬ȴѾ˴𰸣Ծ𣬻һӱƳʮ֮Զ
ӼͻȻ˰֣תĿֵ꣬ǰ͵Ϯ̡
ȻκС˼ھԵʵѹǰͽֻͣһʱδƼӲϾͳһѪֱۣͦͦ¡һ㲻࣬ҰײҲǵù
־һΡΣɣҶӣ¶һЦ
ղŲҳ־ȵ𣿷Ի
λǷţո˵Ҷָţ˵롣
ɣŵͷתֿҶӣĵô̵ʱ䣬ǱѾˣȻʮԵ֡ձ˵ԵλԵô졣ҪȥδҴϿɺã
ҶףɣһСƽƽ׷ɱһ˵ȷʮΣգ˼֮ġ
Ҳ⽫һ˴ߣƬ˵ͬһ·ȸǺˣΪЩ˻׷ɱ㣿
±˵ˡɣ˸ҲƳҶ俴ºͣȴʮ־裬δԼǸ֮ˣ˼ʵ˵һ壿
һ壿Ҷ˵˿˵Դо֮ǰһֱĬķ֣Щ
һǷ֮ػͼȴʮǰ¥Щ¥Ϊ̽Ѱͼ䣬δץĶһˡ֮ǰ㿴ĺ˱㶼ǰ¥ˣҡǶһˡɣ˵䣬¶󴦵İ
Ŷɣ󴦵ıǶƬ̣ȷϵȷʵǶһˡ
Ҳ֪һ壿ҶЩ棬Ϊһֻ˵˿ѸĲ壬һȴһʮϤģ
֮ǰἰλãǶһˡ


19 
˫оУҪ뵽ȥѰҽһˮ·Ǽ˵ͷ
ҲԸֻǰүһҪǣеĴѾˣҪȰºп֣ҪУҪûСͷϴʮΪѵ
ʱһ˳ҲҿԳʮǮŲĵҽмãһճһϣ
ⲻ⣬żҵĲҵ˭ү˼ԺôͷϴʮǮʱ۾ݵһ˲漴ᶨؾܾ
һҴԼһֱĬɣͻȻڣһɻҶӽ͵ЩĴҲ˿һܡ
еСΪɣĴڵԽͷһҴڴϸϸɨһ
ʱɫ˱ϵĿջʱЪһޣһٳ
ϲû̫űԻطûɬͿͷĽڣ˱㶩䷿
յĲ˯ķű㵽ջԺ̧ͷſ£ĿȴɨݶһĨɫӰ
ôȥôߵĵطͷݶϵҶӣŵ
ҵȷûڹṦ㲻ҪҪһ𣿡ҶƺЦɡ
в֮ԾҶԣƬ£ȡҶеľƺѧŵģֱеƣ벻۵ĿջУȴд˵Ⱥþơ
ͲԱǺ𣿱߾ƺҶΣֻһ
¹£ݶһһĨٻӰƱյʱ϶ȾЩ죬౳˾Ǻ˵һЩƽղ˵Ļ
һֱиܺ档ҶӿţĿǿסƺ˳ָϣɫ·ΪԲɾָһ⣬ʱʵձһܵóԸʱȤ𣿡
ʵҲûǰҲвʱҲûػסԼҪػˡſҶӾ۾ȻϤ֮УԼЩˣŻᱻ⹴ܾ֮ǰĻ䡣
ʮǰʹ
ݹ޹鿴ŵյĹΣȻиѪǰ˷֮ǰǶһˣ̸š
ûݹĻطϢǶź͵͵۲죬֪ݹ˵ʲôɫţδʵı䡣
ݹƼվſڵķţֻһ˲һ䣺ĸкҪóԼڹҪԹԵġͷҲص뿪ˡ
ݹԷ˵һ仰عԹԴڹϰ䣬ȴҲȲݹ
ҴԺСҲδűʵԪѰݹ䣬²ţֻܶݹѲš
ͨ;Ѱƴգԭ飺̸һ屻֯¥Ϯȫ帲ĸǰԮ䲻
һķͬʱʧȥ˺üˣĸС̸̡ǸǰЦֵıðǡ
׵ķźԼС޷ػףʹòڣаΪܣһ·ͼˣȴҲһֱ޷ĨȥеĽᡣ
ΪȴδܹչеİЩڽߣڽ¥һаⲻΪάʼңҲΪеִÿۼʱб룬ʧٵǲûȫ겻ңл˻ϡ
-------------------------------------
ŴͷѾҶӣҶӺܹԣҲֻ֣ؽͷڷŵϥϡ
е˵ȥ˼ֹ֣ҶӴڶߵļƷ˿ûػסҪػˣһصޡ
ҶӵڶԼߵķʱЩͻͻۣǵ˲һ䷿
ˣͬʱҲۣдԺҶչЦգǲµ룬͵ҹݶˣҲ֣Ҳûа취ֻܽҷ
㲻֣ҾƷô𣿴ǰһ˶ҶӶԼľƷҲ̫ȷ
ҲܽоƷֻÿ˺ʱϰ߲һû뵽㿴ŸССģȴ治Сż治ɫ
ʲôʱˣǲǸóˣɣأټЩεĶԻҶӲ
Ҫشȴһţп𣿡
һϾͳʱ¹в룬żʱֹɣŶ롣
Ĺ˱ϴϳڿջĴãɣ˼ֻδ룬Թ˿ͷ
ź˴ղܴȴҲʮˡյബʮָɾƷҲһӦȫ
ɣװԶ棬ãԼǰĲ£һҴ˳뿪ͷϷʻȥ
˵ִҪһֱڶߣֻڴҪת任ٶʱвɡɣͬһҴϵĻԼĶһʱıǰʱ㶼ҵҵڶߣһ˲뿪
Ҷɣһ˾ģúҲװɣ죬ȥ׼˵š
ʲôʱѧƶ棿ҶӿɣزŴ棬вԼȴ˼·
ǰɣЩĴѰˣʱˮ·Ϊ˷Ͱһλϴµƶ漼ա
ѰЩ˵Ϣ𣿡ҶɣԼһҲǹƯ֮ͬ顣
м˵ƶһ˳ĳأҸϵȴһûҵȴ˰¥ˡ뵽˴ɣε̾˿
˶Щʲôպҿ԰һ
Ƕһ϶аλøвͬҵϣϴǼȻδָҶܰԼҵˣɣԼȴ֪޲ԡ
ӡ𣿺ãһעġ֪ںδİӡǣǺģأֲɣЩ궼δҵˡ
Ȳ˵Щˣ𣿡ɣע⵽Ҷӿ˴üۣ
ҿ𣿡ҶţȴѾڶϡ
ʱƽ˾ʮʺϽѧ
־棬ұתת
һ㣬Ҫ̫ǰ㡣
ԣ
Ȼʱƶ棬ҲܹʻҶӻֹʽѧջĿ֡
Ŷװ壬ƼһڵľϴʱҶЦģܿɰֻһĻЩۡ
Ҷע⵽֪վ˶õķţ˴棬װϵϵУȥӷеĲ̡
վڲǰҶӹɵæǰæ鲻ɵúЩ
Ҷӽ̰ںãɣһڲǰһڴǰңңţкˣԷ
Ϊںϣűֻ˼ҳˣҶȴǳԵʮ㡣
ںϻкüյг̣ȻҲƶļɰɣʡһࡣɣķ䲻ڵ
⼸յĹ򣬽ƶԼɣ︹̣ڷŵǿӦѧĻȻû⡣


20 ԡ
ҶеϴĹɣԼ̷ƶ档
ʱͽܻ˸ˣɣҲ֮ǰǰ飬һ˵ƶʱע÷в
·ƽ˾еֱ·ԦְԶĴֻҲ㸴ӣ֮űʹûã˷ǶĬĬƶ棬ɣһĬĬؿţһʱĳĬ
ǾôʱЩΣűѰ˸컰⣺˵⺣ʱкûЩˮ·𣿡
ǵûУʵҲûôϣƽĶͨ񴬣һûʲôǮôһƬôСһҴҪǶǵж൹ù
ɣ䣬״๾졣
ʲôѵײ˾㣿Ŷ䣬ŴΧĶδбˮǸʲô֣ͷڽӳŴ˼װ壬֮ǰܿļװһ±ʮӵ
Ϊ׵ǸӾ𵶶Էŵ٣ٽֵǮƷ
ţ
ɣ
½ϣаһȡСϣͷŽʹƻ̫ǿʽЩţһʱ侹뼸лء
ɣǰҲΧƽƽͬղĺʱԱҲ⡣
װ԰˸򶷵˶̫խűӲʮֲͷһԾΦˣ𴬷ڰתһȦһһˮС
Ųؼװ壬ڰиŴܵĶˮĴðͷһȥܿ˴ϡ
һͷ­ðֳȥڰе˰Σȴٳٲͷ­ð
ϴֵ̼ܣľѣǱˮ۷ȥ
һСʦڣɽҲ֪ô£ƬһҴպò׿һСšݵҲ⡱̬ŲȴϸӲӡ
˼װϵĺȻ𻹹һڴеҶӣĵ
ڴ˴غô棬ȥȥͻءҴһ佻ųУѰһȦȴǿһˡ
֮ʣȴߵĺϲͣðݣһݷһܲ³ˮ滹лûԥֽ
ڼװΧɣʱȴѰײڷϴҶӡ
ҶӼͻȻİӣһ߲ƣæȥȥװѰš
ȻʱΨһȴ˶ţȻҶһṦƵĿռҲ޷ʩչΪ˱֣֮Ҷ鼱֮±ӴУεװȥ
ȴҶûòһʱֻƵ˼Ҳ
ҶҲЩˮԣǳںĺĶ֣δεװ㱻ס
˳Ǳ뺣Уûñ㿴Ҷűץסקһʱּŭ
ˮﲻͷŽֻܼӿˮٶȣϢεһ̴һ
׸һ§סǺ˺üˮѼԵҶӣһֳֽķȥ
һֱעܶɣţæͷ˽ϴ
ŽҶƽڼװϣ˫ֽСϣǺڵˮͨͨѹ
Ҷӿ³ĺˮ٣ȴ˿ûҪѹļ
ŽҶӱϢ
һԵɣҶӰ춼δֵñȷŻҪżһѱһĿ޵ôˣѰǧܳ°
ˣԡȻøðˡŴɣĿ޿䣬Ҷӱԡҡ
ɣ˵ģһ֮ǣҲǰæˮ
ޣֻһСԡͰһͬȥԵЩӵҴʱһ˻ţ㼡ҲΡ
ŽͰˮҶӰ׵ü͸ļϣˮϸļһ·»ʱȴϾκ컵˼
Ÿոɣǰֵƽĵȴһֲ١֮ǰƽǼʶҶӻԣ֪Ϊ⣬һԱ㲻֪ʱѡʱĻҲδȫΪˮʱ֮ǣѰҹҽһȴԽüˡ
ҶӿԼУһ˿Ҷҵ˿ϸᵽԺ¶౥ĶͷһĨɫӡڶ֣һգգۣٿʱǶͷȴǽ
ôܣԼ̫ۿˡ׿Ժĸ룬ר־Ҷϴ
ϴκ࣬Ҷֻ˯ڶҹ˹
Ҷۣһ۱ƼڴߵķţӿһƬĸоƺÿۿĵһ˶㡣
պƣֵֶҲܹ˯
ҶŷڴϣͷһֱԴѹס֣Ьģ֫ڴϷƽ󽫱ϣŵ뿪˷䡣
һһҹҶӴʱ˯⣬Щ㵽װϴ磬ƼɣΦдʵرȻʲô
ôˣ㻹ûϢ𣿡Ҷɣߣ϶˼͹ۣһͼֽ
ˣɣͻȻҶӴϲʮָ߿ҶһָŴһֱ˸ƣܿ⣬ְ࣬磬ϻҡ
ֲøռƣҶָŵϵͼֽɣʲô
ڴһ׻أ˵ŵʮָǿҴϾЩҲһʮʱʱߣΪ˱ٴηҵЩԱ㿴ɣ˵Űһ͹ۣһΦ˴չڴſڡ
⵹ǲҶʰϵͼֽƬ̵ЩطԸһӰȷϮ۴ӼװĴϴܱƵŵķΧӸ壬ʹṦԶһأҲòڶصķΧ
Ҷһ˵һùɣеıһſհ׵ֽϻţһԵɣĿࡣ
һʼһ򵥵ʱĻأȴҶӵĸܱ˾ۣл̺Ŷݼ֮ɣΪһˣ֮ǰδܿǵһ㡣
˰ҶƵͼֽһҹæ峿ĵڳһģĻءֻǿϧһʱҲһЧ
һ˯ֻ̫Լһˣһʱ˲ϴͷĽ㵽װѰˡ
˸ߵſڣֻɳӭϮֻֻȴǽŶֻһɳһʱ۳ɢǰ߱ģ
ʱһƾ賤ϰļ䷭ȴײڲ֪ʱĸϣһӸ崦չ޴ɶ㡣
űҪӽȴ˲յ޷
һжڵʯ֮䣬ϸ˼ֻ˴ˣҶѾ⣬ƴһҲҪǿʱϤڶ𣺡ţ
Ҷӿ֮ˣæһԵĻأǰסҡһͷ׻ҵķţϵĻҡҶӲתЩŭضɣԷʹûأ
ɣűЦǸæһ۾Щûܿȴ̾ƵĻعȻŶס´ɳЩҩЧ᲻Щ


21 
ҶӺֶ׻ؽ˼ӹ̣м˳֮Ҳ˻ذť˲һ󣬱㲻ҹ˶˸Ϣʱ䡣
ɣҶڻ֮ϱ裬ѡɣʮ꣬˵֮ϵǷ켫Ϊ˺ĶһˣŻһǿڳˣЩǿ֪ɽɽˡ
ҶΪݣִҪҶΪʦָԼŶݼ׵ĸаܺùԼһͷоЩɣʼδҵһԵˣһĴб͵ˡ
Ҷڹˣûͽ㣬ȴҲͲסɣһһʦе𾢣ʱγƺ޹Ҳִš
ҶӰò࣬ϰŶݼױ֮һʱĶ鼮ǻܶط⣬ȴҲܹĿϾʱ⣬̲סϸϸа͵ѵöһ²Ȥ㲻ãֻһнȥɣȤͶʱɣʵˣȴҲ̽һ
⼸պУɣÿձҶ̽Ŷݼ׸аҶϱɣʦʵɣĽײУҲܻµ
⼸д轻ú죬´Ψһ˱ֻзˣѾûҶӵദú˵ˡ
źò׳ŷҶӷ䣬δ˵仰һϤ
ûɡҶӶɣʱѼֲ֡
ʦҽоһͼ⡣ɣƿţһͼֱҶԱߡ
뵽˲󣿡Ҷӽӹͼֽһƣʮд⡣
ʵǵġɣսһ㣬ָͼָֽ㣬Լ롣
һԵķſ̸һ˫ͷר־ضԸе档ЩϴǰõģնûԼʣࡣ
ֳСͷʼһȦһȦһƤһδϵƬ̹һֻȥƤӨˮ㱻ڽùһֻ棬ûϸ˫ð׾˳ƽϰսˮҲʮ˳֡
Ҷע⵽ʱѾֻõ档
棿ҶӿŹɻ
Ҳԣǳԡ˵Сÿֻмֿһӣֻꡣ
ĶԵô棿Ҷšüͷһʮģ̷ĺ⣬кɣ˵ôڿ˰ɣЩ档
ɣЩӶҶӼƴӣùŹ֣Ҳֻֻ
żҶɣò׸еֻ棬ֽǰͣﻹֻҲʳɣҪ˷ѡ
ҶҲ֪ŽǴĸнп಻ùŵгŵýڶеʮּѡ
ǱɣҲòȥȴҲҶһڷʳ󣬱æظȥЩɣҶӷʱ̵һΡ
ɣߺ󣬷ֻʣ·ҶӶˡҶӼʱû뿪Ĵ㣬֮ĵ⴬վͿ˰ɣϣںϵһҲܹƽƽ
ҲϣҪʲô¹ʣ׻رһרˡӲָϲŭ
˵׻أҶӱڷţȻťģϾǳ֡ǵʱЩǿ𿪣ȻЩˡҶԾһʱû
żҶӲ˵Թ˵˴ϻۣɣҪ»ٸЩİɡ
ðҪʲôҶӼлᲹæʡ
Ҫʲô㶼𣿡ҶӣвһƬЩ׽ںС
ֻҪҸ˵ģҪ̫˿ɲС֪ģһסҶ
ģܹҲһܸˡϸ
û⣬㵽Ҫʲô
һûãٸ㣬Ƿһ
ôúõһ죬ԼǷˣҶЩƣȴǵͷӦ
ϵһգҶԸƽ˾˰Ҷ´Ƭδ̤أһɵ˴ϵؽˣҲ֪ҽںδҲ鿴˵ĸ»壬ǽտǰǴЪš
ƬؽʮֻߣȻ޴˲Ƽһӡ
ſˣ˱ֱ˽ȥʱٽϦΪůƵĹΣѾ˼ңǺһԴľ
ͦȴϡ٣Ϧδ£ҼһŴա˺һ·Ƽһ帾
ãʴ˴Ǹ»𣿡Ҷǰòѯʵ
Ǹ»壬ǸϽߣﲻӭǡϴ帾һ»塱֣ɫ䣬æظˡ
帾ũҶӴֻ࣬һҶӱڵأ÷ۼֿ콫§ס
Ҷӷŷŵֱվȣ͵ᣬǳ˴ˣ·˵ֻһ޶⡣ҶӽӹŵǮó帾УǾڴ˴һǽ޵Ǯ𣿡
νֲЦˣ帾Ҷӳ˵ҲͿղԼûóǮ̬ȱЩת䣬ɵֻ·ޣǴӸ»Ǳģ
ȷʵ·ǿĵһ䡣Ҷɻѵ˴Ǹ»壿òԹɫûᡣ
ðɣǽһһ͵뿪帾ӣ˳Լҷȥ
帾ֻһˣ˽ݣҲŽԺշаšҹЩϢסʲôҪš
Ϣ𣿡Ӵʱ㴦͸ŹŹ֣ɣ̲סʵ䣬㱻Ҷӳס
帾һ˲Ȼ飺ڴ˴ޣʵľͱʡ˵㳯Լȥ
ԺɣҶӿ˴ӣұʦסһɣûкЩ⣬ʦ̡
Ҷӻδü̬췢һԡҶתĵôˣǸȾ˷纮
޷ƾҹﴵЩ磬ϢһձáҹɣסһɣʡñҴȾжӣβԻź죬мֿζ
ҲЩҽ㴫Ⱦ˿岻ʣҹһ˶в㣬һݣЩҶӼ÷ģ
˻᲻̫鷳ˣųҶӵȥһһǵģ
񲻹ǸȾ˷纮չ㻹鷳ùǳʱǻҲûչңͻȻ˿ҶӸоķŶЩһ仰ƺʮ˸
ˣ㹧ϻ˵ÿǣҶӽݵĶȴɡ
ɣҶֻ㱻źߣ᣺˵ʲôȾ˷纮ҿ·ú


22 Ц
Ҷӽݷӷŵȡһϣڴ˴ЪȥҴˮ
ű᲻Ҷ뿪ʱԼһţԹԵڴϳҶӵ˵ͷ
Ҷѵü˹ģһƬ̲סָ˸ŵԴȴڶϷǴŹӵʱĶӡ
ſҶӲֻʵıӰ˫
Ҷպõˮݣɢųڴͷлһ飬Ƥϵ̫С塣ʱķֻһᱡİɫ£ϵһſӱ⿪ƯǱչ¶š
⽫ŵӰͶǽϣʹһӰһӳڹУһͼƽʵС
ȻʱҶȴϾˮϣ첽ǰϵŹϣдʣ㶼ѾȾ˷纮Ļ˵·ҲúÿۣҪ纮ת𣿡һ˵ţһŽϵĿӿۺá
ţ
֮ǰΪʲôҪ˵Ƿ纮
ֹҶӻҪӸϵĶʲôЦڿ졣Եȿȡˣ¸о纮Ѿˡ
ôͺˣҿ㻹ڿ԰Ҷӻǲģŵһˮȵˮ
ǱȵÿԵġҶӹеĿУòһˮʱһŵĺ
ҶӼˮȻЧŵһżȣһյģҶʱҲʱȾ纮ֻҪһͺˡ
ſһðˮֻͷ綷룺ҪһȥҾͺòˡǵʵҸոտʱ򣬱ѳູ治ˡ
ʲô黹ູܳ
ҶӺĿ⣬æողںߵɣûνͣΪοູ
ҶӼ˽ŵģҲ˵ûмٸסͷ˼Ƭ̣¶Ȼı飬ٿʱ˼ֹŹ֣㲻˽ţҶġ
㶮ģ㶮ʲôˣһʱûת䡣
ҶӼŰΪԼײΣ䰲οʵǸȡѶʮһˣеͶѾˣ͡뿴һҲûʲôϵģҲѧЩҽģ⣬ġ
Ҷ֧֧˵һѣųʱЩԾڱˮ֮һվξˮ
ҶΪ飬ʵǰڹмֻǵʱ᲻Ȥ˵ûô飬濴ҲʲôεġֻҶðοԼģʵڿɰһʱ̲סֽԼ
Ҷһ죬˱ѾŻűϣܸܵȵ£ͰοÿĿİҶӣʱӽʲô
ҲԼ˵Щɴ˿̻ůһ㶼÷֡
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ҴδҸʵĬ֪Щ˵ʱˣĬĬ˿λ㿪ЦˣСƤ
ЦҲ㿪ҶյصŷţͷĳʵҪţ
ЩŹ֣Ĵˣҳȥ̽̽úЪϢȥȥͻءʶԼղŵΪֹЩ֣óռ䲻ԸҶΡ
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ȻҲЩ쳣ʱһִǰһǣסҶӣÿһߵ÷Сġ
յʱﴦ͸ŹŹ֣ʵҲЪšǵҶ˷¶ޣűԼһգո˵ľסˡžһҹôպϹˣҶЩСΣʵδšֻҸڣ⸽Ƭ̱գȴҶҲ˳
ҶСûаգȴԽԽʡʱŷţĴׯУ˴·
ƺǱߡҶᵽеζԽŨ˳ŵ䣬С·ǰ
û߼һׯںӣһǰָͣ׿ľţĹβҹԵΪ
ǰһĻҶסСǰȴںڰвߵ·ߵʯӷ죬ӵע⡣
רעľŵ죬תߵķҶӣצӱͺų
˿û书Ĵ񣬷ûаνֻԽӺԣҪΡϴȴڳˣԳһػûƵģֳҶץȥ
̫ҶӶһƬϱƳ£Բļͷ¶ڿУ滹ʵѪۡ
ż״ٵģ§סҶӵٺһΣٴǰʱһŽߵڵء
һȥܵЩӰ죬ٶȳٻ˼֣빭ʱСһţ赹ȥ
δҶƼ̵ڵصӣµ
δȷŴ𸴣һľű֨ѽһˣһϲ˳Ƿűӿŵǻ˼ҡ
ϲĿڵŵֽķɨһȦǰҾŮոǿƷˣС϶м
ǲ;˵ײˣܸ⾿ô𣿡
˵Ů̸
ϲ˸ӽεȫסڵƼȫƤ࣬ή٣ǱаƵġ
˼ʶſͷ׵ϲѯʵ
Ǹڸ»İ٣»ǸٴڶƽһѺȻǰã»ȴһʣ֮аһ־壬ԣҲǿڳˡϲҹЩߵԶ˱Ǹٴ塣֮ǰǴкüײǶˣ˴һϷţŸҳ
ϲɷȥ»壿Ҷ££ϵķŵףʵ
Ӵ˴һ·ɵ⼸յ»ȫͬһаŮûǲҪ̤㡣
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23 ʧ
ҶŻصǰ޵ǻ˼ңʱֻˣһ·϶ĬҶſڵղϲ˵Щ£дˣ
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˻~Ҷӳʹһ˷һۣƺڿߣǲǹģ
ż״ӻͳһɫšϵˮЩˮʪԽСĵҶӲüͷѪ˿ƺ˶ϴһ£ȥ»Ѱⶾ֮»ЩۣЩ
ʪڼͷҶӴʱû˳ʱʹоһ˿˴ҴܡҶӲͷԭ覵˿ѱźɫѪȾԼŵС֮ʮΣ˼Լɡжһû̫⣬СܵеĶһëҲү̽ȥڵ͵ծ˲
ΪҶںߣԼƣ϶δͣô˾ͱˣԼҪǲٽ˿ڳ˸Ǻã˵ֲûƼ֮ǰԡġűΪ˿οҶӣȴϴ˻˷Ч
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Ҷϸһ룬ôһ£ʱԼֻжڷڴߣ˿ûʶǻԼԡ䲻һѣϲɶƵպ죬֧֧ǡʱǴѵġ԰ɣ
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Ҷɣһ䷿ʱԼһ䷿УҪȥʰȴѾŴõİС
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ҪݣֹǣֻҽȰ⿪ܿסԼˣ
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һأʶ·ɣȥ»塣һϿϵ
ðǰ棬ĸٴн֮ǰ˲ˣȻЩڿ밢ͬʱͬһ֮ʱԵɣδƽϡ֮ԶʱǱڰٵĴ·˸»塣
СѼȺֻӵⲿ֮ǰĸٴ޶¡ֻǡĴһ簢һƤ࣬ή٣жٻ
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׷ָΪΣԼգǰİǿɽԣʱЩ־壬˱㹥ʱ𣬴˱һ̱簢ǿһﻹãϱƲסԼΪֻü˽ԼڷȻѵԽԽ٣ʱû˿ţԼԼϱ᲻ܿƵĴ߶
ͷ·ȥɽơŶ԰˵꣬תҶӵҪɣڴҴطЪϢϡ
Żδ˵꣬ҶӱԽһȥжԼ̬ȣշʧԣʱ̸֮ȴҲ㲻һ˳Σ֮ء


24 
ԴǰЩӳ˰ǿ£˶ҽɽˣҲֻܽ͵˴֮ŮԼСġںɽɽţŵ˸
ˡŸ˰٣Գֽǰ·
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жҶʶסŵ½ǣŻͷ֣ܿƿľǴƹȥɡ
ŲҶԣʱýΧ谭ȴʼСĵرɽ֮Ӵ
ڷҶ£һ·ߵû˳ֻɽĴ󣬼ʱҲδ鵽ʲôõ
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ҶӷеĸӰóһɣȻ㷢ʲôף͵һʱӽҰ
ʦʱڰӣɣ졣
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ҶӿǰͻȻŴķŵﻹЩŤ¹ش󣬲òڵұץƤпҲȾˣоԽ֣ҵĵҲһʱǾǰҰˣǧҪˡ
ŲҶӻ᲻ᷢˣһֻ壬ָϵ½󣺡˿ôˣҿ
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ԽɽߣΧֲرȾڵԽ󣬾һԵϪɫɽƺĴǶȴʼҲԴڡ
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ĬĬؿҶһۣ˵ӼȵϪԴͷȥ
ϪϷǰУǵϪˮܹһЩϺܹĻ棬ӦѾ졣
ŲжҶǰȴͻȻͣ˽ŲϪһԣһֻʰ쵵ľܣųͷϪвʳ
ҫԵùʷ׳ʣһ޴ӣʢŵҺ壬ϺĶεવϪС
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ؽӹ룬󷭷ɣݼָ̼ɳܶڵ档
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ģҶ²㱩ߵķţĿֱӸˡ
ǣСѾͷе˼⻰ԼɽȺ˵举˹ͷųһ˿ɱ⣬̽ҶηӦ
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˶Ҷӿ˰ΣϺ޾ɫЦⶾʱȷʵͦ⣬㲻ᣬҲûױŹ㡣Ȼ㽫¶˳ұԣɽȺ˲֮ͣǱ֮ǰļƻʡЩ򣬷ģҶ᲻Ҫ
벻⸾˴һʼ˼ԼˡսеĽĵɽȺ˺ǸҶҶκβԼĲҽԼĶ֣ջǺĵġ
лǰȫǰմĿѴﵽҶ¶ɵЦ⡣
𡣡


25 
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ԽСҩ֭ˮͰУʢι߱붨סĴ񡣴ҩˮ󣬱ۣŽǶϽγЩ˱ͨͨɵڵءһԻŽ롣һ˵ĺ£һʱŽܿĴιҩˮ
ſۿҪ׵ˮͰɨһȦŽŵļ˼ңﻹЩ֢״ӦòأЪ£һٿЧ
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ϲõظҶӽӣδüڣҶСĵعŴսԼС֮ǰǲ룺ЩϵĶԽƷ𣬻֮ǰԼ
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ô£ҶѯһԵɣ
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˭ҪھӣҶŷЦôùҲ
ճϢԶȨıơ⽣ӰҲͦáʱ֯飬ҲԿԣŮŮ䣬ɻۡһɷµģ
ôԽ˵ԽˣŮŮ䣬ɻۣ˭Ҫ䣿ҶӺһֻһ׶ŷš
ﲻңʵ㲻뷨ͦõǿպã˿ǻͦġպлһҸĵطס˵ˡųԼչУԽ˵Խ˷ܡ


26 ֹ
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Ϊʦı£һ׻ѳ顣ɣȭǰ֣صص˵ͷ
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Ҷӻȣȴ亹еĻʶһ㣬ÿһֱײʴǵʹҧÿһ缡Ҷӻ֪ʱҩĿƣײϵҩޡ
顱һҩˤڵءȵļǵķ̲סŶ롣һű㿴ɫ԰ͷ麹Ҷ˷ڵأ¶ڲͣķ͸¶һĴ
ųǰСĵرסҶӣٿʱƲסɱй
ҶӴʱʶѻָѣֻ廹ʮܣ׽ɢղִֻͬذ޳ֱϰصģûµġת𣺡ʵ󣬿ɻǰ⣿
ҶӸովһȴɴݵģҲ˼ΪѣҸһֻƣǻҺЩƳĹƣҪ֮壬֮ǰһֱҲʵԡģֹƲҪĳ̶ֳ˵ЩôھЧΣȵƳ֮ʱȻͻס齨飬Ƴ֮ǰһЩǿĹ򣬱ʱܲס
лǰ顣ҶӼѵضԹףϵĺϸܾӨ
սʲôԵԲ۾
ǰҶ侲ظһ顣
ʮһҶӰΣЦС޵Ǹ۵ģ֮ǰС㡣ҸӵĪһʼǹģ
ҶӳĬķӦѾ˴𰸡ʮһ״Ц㵱ǿõ֮ǰͱڲžһӵˣҪҾ㣿
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ǰµ˵޷ҶʱްʮһҲɿڴӦˣһ̬˲һٰʮȴת䡣
ʦһʦע͵ĻƵھҳǰǲФʦܵȥȥȡҪ󡣡
ʦǣȡƷȥǺףҽǸŲò
ҽ˷ǣЩ泯͢£ʱڲ࣬ϲ˶֣һɡҽɫԽأذҲ̫ģȻڶ࣬ҲһҪ潻棬ֻҪȡòرԿףҵҪĶҼɡ
ͣƤһƶƤ͵ԿףȻнӽϻӣȫˣǺء
ҽһԵóһֻͼݸţҲ˵ҿǣǶҽϵĵͼʱֻŵͼϵıעɱܿǼһȥȡ⡣
һֱĬҶ̧ͷǰ˼Ǿȥ
ҽЦǹҪ׳ɻкüµĹ⾰ܲڻҹüµķ
һڹҽ⴦һޣڶһͣ˷Ǹȥ
վڹ⣬Ŵ˴أҽĵǱ֮˵ءֻƾҪֱǱ븮жöҽϵԿǳ˵Ρ
Ѱ˴̽һҽƽﶼЩطʱŴ򿪣иС˴˴Ӹ߳ҶŷԱ߱˱ܡ
ĸСˣһ¥ǰ¥Щʲôһӱ뿪ˡ
СԶ˲ȥѰ¥裬ֻǸһ̤¥Ĵţ㱻ߺסŮӣطɲдŮ͡
żסǵǸղС˽̸裬ӻһƱҸ˵ʲôˡ
ڴ˴Ӫ˶ʮ꣬ҲǵһϢοղ±ʲôܣǸɴǳүҵСˣ޷ǰ׼þƲˣϺúд˵үҲٻ¥ĳˡüЦһƱҶЩۡ
õҪϢһ뿪˰ٻ¥Ѱһ¥ᣬ֡
ոλ˵ᵽٻ¥ȥѰӵĵطһ㲻̫ˣ˱͵ȡԿ׵ĺʱط
ȥѰӵĵطһ㲻̫ˣôôҶգһ˫ۣš
ȡȣʲôôô㿴ո¥ЩһӣȥֵطֲΪ˴ܣⲻǳʶ𣿡űҶ䲻һǺ˿ˮҲ֪ԼڽЩʲô
ҶûоղŵĻ⣬˳ŷŵĻ˵Ҳǣǽװһٻ¥ŻӽɣŶʲôʾѧèʾ⡣


27 
Ҷ˸һװٻ¥αװѼɫɫ˵Ļвֻǰٻ¥⣬ֻҪ˴˶˵ƣұԿӵղеĿ˻ЩҲǲԡ
˱ò毺ãʱϹӷǱһݡ겻һϮڣֳһʫֽȣҡҷɷ硣ͦΣȺ׺׶
ҶӵһпȴԵùֽСˣһɫۣͬɫһ٣䴹һ龧Ө̵ʱͯװĵģϲǺ㣬¶׵󣬸Եѩһ㡣
¥һվĵΧٻʧɫ໨ＴʹѿǵԱԸǰд
ǵʱЩ磬ûе¥Ӫҵĸ߷ڣֻϡϡ輸ˡɨһȦܣδСˣǱڶ¥Ѱ˸ҰλЩģá
֮ǰӵĻﱻŸ˴룬Ϊ˲עĿһƵ衣
һ̬ҲͷһԵҶȻͷһĵط˶͸ִٲǸ۵ģ̲ס׽Ū֡
Сӣūһѣ죬ֳһþӨ͸Ҷߵݡ
Сӣūơֳ־ƱҶߡ
ҶӱҼйһСͨ죬ƵƵͶȥȵĿ⡣
ҲҶӱ˵Ϸ޲̸ｫҶԼߣֻĻҪ˶ãǱΪΧ۵Ķ󡣷ֻһ񾯸ﲻ̫һſڵĶǹô
һϤӰſڣǰǹСˣ໹һɫ۵ӣر˶ҽֻС˵˼仰ڴѰ˸λ£˴Ž¥䡣
ҶͲס飬ûŮӷӲǱιƣߣȴҲòʤ͸
ż״šüһӷϣﲻҪźˣ뵥һ
涯ŭΣӱˡ
ûԶҶӲŴսŵҸƼ˸Ǽ䷿ǸϽȥɡ
̫ŮžһͬűϢҲȾ˼⡣ҡҡͷ˦ⲻʱ˵ǣҶӵֳ𷿼ȥ
Ǳ뷿棬һŻĻһƣõǱȴЩҪ֡
ڵЩѬˣҶӲʵӣŸȡùԿףһ໭ͻ䣬ǻﲻ֪ʱеһһ߻ŶԷ·һ齷ƶ
ҲűҶһص·Ҷȥȡȴһסڴ˴Ƭ̡
ʱսң˾ɢʱ̣ŽŴᡵäѰϵڵһбһԿס
ѰԿףϽҶӻϣ㹻Сģȴǲɱй¶һ˿
˭ڻϵĹͻȻ̧ͷ
~ҶӼ״һΪʶģèС
һֻҰèȦס𣬾Խ֮ɫ
ʱѻصҶߣеԿ׵ԿȡˣǸϽ뿪
һ¡ҶùеԿףӻͳһʹЩԿ水
ҶʮָˣʱؽԿ׵ÿǶһ򵥵Ķȴֳ˷·Ʒľ¡ԽŨ÷Щκ¾ʱ˵ؿۡ
ʱҶҲûкù٣ϵƺƽС˼ֻ֣ſſģһԿ׶޷ȫ
æȥһЩҶӽǶԿ׵ķš
žҶӵ֣Կ׳װǲഫһ߹һĴϢ.żҶСǺ죬¶͸Žžִ٣ǹʹֽס
˵㱻ҶӶŷƣֻͷӸ˼֡Ҷһ˵ϣһ̺ûֳʲôҶӻæǶԿȡ½ϸϸزɾŵ콫Կ׷Żԭ
ԽԿ׷ŻصϵУִԶèȴҶӷġ
ɣǿߡ
¥ҵɫŵɣ罫˷ŵξȥʹ֮Ӷʱ١
ɣͬ飬ϽӭȥҸտмѰС˶Իһһͬ¥ȥûкײϰɡ
ˣûײϣǴӴ뿪ġҶеķȥѰԿ״
ɣҶɻʦûֱȡԿ𣿡
Ҷӱ߱ɣ͵ǹԿЯʮֱԿױ͵߻ߵһһʱ䷢֣ǻǽжܲԲֱӡһѡ
ʱǱһ̣ʦӹʾԿҪղܳͣȡ
˷жûдݾߣҲһʱ˽£ʱ齵Ŀջ
Ҷӱҽ˹ƣŵһƺ֮ǰҲˡ
Ҷһջ䣬»صܱտռ䣬֮ǰڻ¥еǹκһϮͷ
Ҷӽһڼ֮ʱ䱻һֻ˳ַסߴԴɳƵæһգҪЪ𣿡
ҶӷŴ£ҡҡͷԡЩģ
ȥСˮҶ״̬ԺЩķ뿪˷䡣
ζһŷռʮֿΪ˽ʡʱ䣬СԡͰм
˵࣬ǱͰУϴһ⡣ƼӰˮˮ
ҶͰдͷԺողƳӰûжȴܹˮʱͻȻ֮ǰ˵Ļ֮ǰڴϣһԡͰԡҶӶϲϸܵĺ飬ҲŪԼôˡ
һķҲûкõȥ֮ǰڻ¥ķʱоЩԾֻͨ˵Ѭ㣬սپáȴĺ󾢾㣬ʱϵ⾹֮ǰй֮޲
ŲݲϴһӣŸϽ˯һáȻڴ˺һ˯ȫޣ˼ǲƮȥһˣҶѾһûжˡ
ûϴˮѾ˰ɡվǰʵм˼ֲܿƵɳơ
졭ȣҡݻҶŵæش𣬶̶һ仰Ρ
ðɣעⲻҪʲôҪʱҡŲҶӵĲڣ»صϡ
̫ˡҶֳ¼֣ӶûˮСҲûмͰУʱҲߡ
ʱ˯ķڴͷƼҶǰ㽫ΪεַһԡᱡİɫĹϣ¶ԲļͷƯǣԼԼŵİĨѩĻߡ
һֱ꣬¡¡޹ɵĳ


28 
һ磬˵ȡԿף֮ʣǱ빢ʮһṩĵͼʱҵرڡ
Կ״򿪲رţһ˽ȥɣһŴ淴վű߸硣
رȴװ˹ЩĴղصıֻƷ桢鵤ҩȫһҽߣҲѹýԿЯ
źҶӸռһ࣬ϸֿٵطѰšŴϱߵĹҶǴߵһϱ߷˵ľԽԽҶȡһƤƵᣬһֻԼЩذҲ
˲ĽӴҶ񴥵㵯룬ԺﲻҹĻ档ʵҹԡ겻ã˾ͶЪϢˣܹҲû˵仰ֺſͷĴмûһˣ졣Ҷڴһʶȴ쳣ԾֱҹǿԼ˯
Ȼ˯֮ȴһʮδ컵ΣķŴűȰﻹҪᱡİɫ´£ͷʪţϸСˮ˳ŷһһŵ׹˳ԼĲڵʪһߡҶԼͨͨҪǻԾʱķߵǰָǰЦȻúܿ졣ҶӻǵԼ羪ѵʱһƬ
ŽҶΪֶڵصָźת˲ŵϸ塣
ƵھŶƤϵļ֣΢ˣǵȫѹǿЩ뿪ȥҶҽǰɡ
ҵˣſڵɣ̽ͷˡ
ҵˡƬ̵ҶڻϰԵسסŵſȥָֻŸһ½ǲϣֱ۱㼱ת˸䣬װµر󣬾ߵɣǰ
ſǸֱЩıӰ΢أܵĽëƵĲ˲
˳˲ر׼ŵͼԭ·뿪δ߳ӭײһ׵ӡֹ˴
ǺˣΪγڴˣӣĿͭ壬ˡ
ǹү͵ġҶӻ治ɫع˼ŴǣȴһӰԼֱȡࡣ
ɣͺһ˫ۣһһʽ̺⡣
δӦķҶʲô
ӳ˫񵲣ɣⲻҪĴ£Ҳһʱδռˡ
˵ز˾ͻȻνǰ
Ӽһ˳֣ʮ˫˷ʹһ֮
űͻƵú˰벽󿪴ϵĽһʱʩչֻ˽ΪӲС
ʱĪľս֣ûдɱģֻſЩƷһԵɣȴһ̬֮Ųʱ¶ԼڿһԾӽ󱳴ȥ
Ӹܵɱ⣬Ѹ˲ô½еŷڲ֣֮ͬʱһѳ¶źŵżХ̻ڿը
⣬⸮ϾͻˡҶӶһԳʽսķźսϽɣ뿪
ʱѾ۵ɣ뿪ּʯӱˣͬʱýɣף֮ƵһֽɣϣһԹսҶߣߡ
һ·յźŸһδüһȺŵ̵⹢֮˵Сôоյȡȫ뿪
˹Ҫ˦ȺࡣΪҹζࡣûٻؿջѡֱӻعҽ֮ϡ
ɣѾһʱ䣬.·ϵľɫǰż
ˣԼһƥоĶżʱס
ղεģɣţһֹ
Ȼأѹȫйһܣû
ǸʱѾ侲ɣ֪ͷٶԡ
Ѿûˣûй˼ֻǲ㵱ʱΪ˼ҶԻ֮䲻̫Ѻõա
ŷԾϿɫ˼֡
ɣǰռ˲ÿϽץסûϵ
ǸˡȻȥʮ꣬һǼǵģɱҰҮɣһһ仰ƺ˼
ҮƺҶΣĵһǱѾá
ʱɣɫ԰ףƽİֿ顣ҶӼ״Ĳ̣ƥеľ룬ɣĬĬ
ԭˡ֪ԵɵķţЩԼղŵ̬ȣҲûټƽҶԼȥɣǱߡ
֮ǰ߹ǣʮǰ¥Ƕһȫ壬Ǹˣǰ¥һԱɣסͷҶӣʦҲһȥҹҽˣҪȥ𡣡
书֮ϣڹڶһȥѻʯ㻹ʦһЩʱտɺãһ취
ЩѾ鷳ĶˣʦҲԼмģҾղ嶯ˡɽģˮ֮һлټġɣҶŻӻ֣תʹṦɳһء
ȵȣҶӵתͷ׷ɣȻѾƥȥɡһҪԼȫڵһλǵӦҵģһҪټ档
ʱҲϵһǮݸɣջòҪȥˣӦúܿͻ鵽ǶЩ̲·ðɡ
ɣǰϦദˣͷסۿʪ⣬صص˵ͷ
Ҳ߰ɡһѾԶȥӰżҶߣ֡
վһҶһʱûӦʶǣסŵԾͬһ֮ͬǰ
ʻһ·̣ǸϽӴļ¶ϼ֣ҶӲź֪رŤҹĻԺطţҶҲ֪ΪΣܾЩԼԽ֣Լֵ״ʱԼ䣬֪֮
ҶӱűһԼЩ֣·ǰŴŵģһ߱Ե̫⡣
ʵϷеĲҶӸֻϱֵ㹻ݵҶƽһ侲ģʲôȫдˡڲǰ֮ͦñֱӲʱŲó롣
ô״ϵҶӵļ򣬸о֮ʶ˲ǿƹƽ··
ĽǽܵҽǰɡҶʶԼղŷӦЩװƽתƻ
ţҽס˷ǺܽϴνʱҲ˲һաϻӦҶӵĻȴЩĲɡ
԰û뵽˳һ·϶Ҫл㡣ЩӷŶԼĺãҶӼʱǷĵĸлδע⵽ࡣ
¶Ҫлҵľ֮ǵչߡЩơ

ҶӱЩʲôһεգ񡭡Ūøˡ


29 ҩԡ
һ·ԣֱصҽᡣɫѰҽ˿ѾЪ£ϱαǲãȴƼǱƵʱһӾ
ǰ㿴Ҫ֮Ÿһ֮ǰӹȡõӻó㱻ҽһѶ
ҽһ˫ַҳֳ˷ܵĹ⣬ûȻʦүעĲҳջǵ
ҽٵؽͷβע⵽ſڻվŵˣڵմӲˣǼѴԼ鷿պһЩʱհɣһ磬ұΪѾͷβ
˴յ·ҲʮƣڹҽĽû顣
ԽʲôԽʲôҶϳĬ˰գż˹ҽһ˱ܴⷬΡ뻹仰Ĺֱһҹ
һ·йյͬȻʱͬգҶԾûµͬ˯һⲻǷŵ⣬Լ⣬ȴʮݣҲ֪ôӺ˵
һҶӵֱŤǿ֪Ӻδóһ֮䡣
ΣҶӼ״ֵ
ҹһ˯ҾϢһżҶһֹģ͵ʵǲŵĻϢһάƽһתЩնиѵ£ú
˵ʩչṦӣɵƽȣ·һ㡣
ҶӼ֪ǵһ˯ﳤһԱһЩΡ
һҹ
˯öԵڶҽʱѴ롣
ҽƳһ۷жӣδ⣬Ҷӿżɽ޲ڹԸɡ
Ҷӵ˵ͷ
ü֮ǰҶͨգȴΪΰҲޣ˽Եɡ
ųܻˣױǿ˵ľҲǱȫİգֻǸʣӳУรɡҽһ˵赭д֢öˣҽ߲ʩչѧɡ
ұǽˣҲǿܹѾܺˡԴ˽ҶӲ⣬̹Ȼ
ȻˣǱ㿪ʼɡҽ˵ͷһԵķָʹȥռͰˮԡͰҪҩԡ
żҽڳȣȻϣ˿
ҩԡ֮ǰɽʳҶӻҩͰʱѾո˸ʱˡ
Ĺҽһڸ㣬һڲ裬ʮ⡣ҩԡ֮ҪʱԷš
ǰҲһ̸㣬ȴһδĿƵƵķɨȥʱˣһ㶯ûУĪǱλˣ
˼ˣŶ㳯ȥ
˿̾𣬱㾡ܽȥҽƮƮһ仰ɹŶԭء
ǰҩԡжòܺã
ŸչȥʱʱͬһÿʱҲ飬ҽ߷ߵؽһ飬ǵķ̲ס仵Լƽչһ㶼˴һռʱһϾ߶
Ƿƽʶ֮˼ʱģһҲᾪ°͡һ䡢ֹĹ¡Ŵʦ㣬гһվҲ߶ӡ
չҽӰҶƣæ죬ʳָӴߺ˸ڵơ
ҽûصһۣĵܰϰʱ

ҶҩͰãԺһƬ磬ȴޱͨǸоǽͨͨӿԼľϴѪеĳ⣬޸ڵơ
ҶԺвʱֳһЩֵĻ棬ǲԴʮļ䣬ȴǸ硣
֮󣬾Ҳδôƽ⣬峤ССͱ˴ϻۣܽѧ󡣡һȺ·ϻַŵŮŮӵһ۵Ůޣɫϲá
ǣսĸɣͺú棬ɲԼѧÿ۸˼ң֪𣿡վŮӶԻŮ֣ͯصضһСŮͯµģ
ǣ˵㲻۸ңùҽн㡣žµĻŮͯһί
û˵Ǿ仰Ҫҽн㣬ԺҶ㡣ǡŮ޸СȴС
ͼһҲ뿪һȺ˽ĲΧˮйͨΪ֮˴ߣݡ
㣬㣬뿪վŮ³һѪ˵仰Ҳû

̫޹ɵƬҶӵĴԣͷĿѣһʱ޷ֱ棬һĻȴʹ̣һӻѹ
ʱķ۷Źĵ滹𣿹ҽǰ˵ҩԡʱʱѵ㻹Լ費ҪҰæ
ʱҶӴҩͰУͰ²δϣͰˮ²Ҷһ˫ϸӨ׵ĸ첲Ͱߣˮжͷʪ΢΢ԺеЩ棬޷ƽȴҲһʱƴճЧϢ÷һʵ
ҡҺܺãԵƬ̣ԼҶӻæֹסŵΪ˵һԡͰԡԼԵʱԼģʹ̹Ȼǽ޵ˡ
Ҷһ仰˵ʮ㣬΢Щģվһ
ʵϴʱҶã֫ýԼЩֻ֮˲ġ˫ְͰԵǿŲͰվȴ巭ҩͰʱΪ̫ͨһˤڵء
˻ҶӳʹƯСšһţһӦȴǶ֮˽ͣղС˶ҵȻԼʰͺá˵˫ֳŵҪȴͽ޹
Ϊϰ֮ˣ⶯ˤǶˣĽºȴɵҽɣǺ±ƼòԼ۾ס˵Ż½˺һײΧŲһȦ
Ҷӻδü˵ʲôű򿪣İŮӴǰͬɫĲԳһֲ˵Ľ
ҶǻеֻС¹ֿʼ޹ɵغֱײδԼ˿̵δվ𶯣ǰͲȵˡ
ԡĶָȥáվԭأȴҶӵָʾ
˾ҲֻˣҶӶγΪָ
䷿˶ǵһνвֶʮİҶӱͽţһĿİָ÷ŴԡͰײ磬ôԡ
õԡߣ½ҶӵָӣߵͿˣ£ԡݸҾͺá
հ죬ߴһϡϡĶȺʵ𣿡
ˡҶϸӬ
ҷŶǰ·ţȻʪĲϣһƬ
ҵġ


30 
ڵˮȣĹҽƵᣬȫһ־磬ʮеƷġûҪæֵС첻ؽһָ븹УƼһǰһشӷ
ǰһ·߲ȵӣ·һܵ¡˸첲üأȭͷʱʱ˺üΣĻ浱ʮȤҽЦϷһǰ龰ԺﲻʮǰϤŮգľƹԼСʱҲûôˡ
߽ҽŻָһ˿ҽߵģִҶӵ̽Ƭ̵ЧոݵҩˮҶã֮ܽЧԺֻҪԼٻʮ껹ûġ廹Щٸ㿪Щ²ҩٳһ¾Ϳˡ
ҽ˵ùһԵֽʿʼдҩĿɨһվŵˣû£˾վһУ˹дҩ
ûôˡҽЦ˵Ǹŵһʱ̱˻˵ͨһ߶ּӵ֮ǰûôȻҲǻᴫȾġ
ҶӶŹҽһһٵֽдʲô˿ﻹЩججȫȴŹҽҩдЩЩղǷ龰ʵ̫Σ˶ֻǿмװ·ʵ˾֪
һҩվд̫ʱ䣬ҽҩݵҶУγѵǰ֮
һڱ㱻ϣƽףۣͯ׮˫Ǻ㡣鷿ٽգٻָЩĶĶȥɣɱᵱѿջֲס

ź󣬷ű㱧żԼﵽҶӸǰȻ·Ҳҡ
Ҷ֪ΪΣʶ֮űԼﵱ˺óһʱݹǻűڣҲΪദãƺѽչԼγɿڹϰߣԼȴ޷֮ǰǰ̹Ȼչˡ
żҶӴûӦֻ̫ˣԼȥڴͷ
һ¡عҶȥץǶȴǷűǼɫһŷ˳
ǺŶЩŷ˼˰β𣺡Ŷϴδӹ˳ǣġ
ǲɣĳ𣬿дʲôͻȻֵŷעҶӴʱҲ˲Ƕ
뵽һ˵Ѿ˺ŷ⣬ȡš
뺯ݣͬ
ɣ˵Ǹǰ¥ɽׯҩˮһҶӣʱ̻δߡ
еĲֻһݣֻ֮ˣˡǽа¥˻ᣬк·˵ű͵ˣģض취ɽׯ뺯üͷ
ɣ֮ǰ˵ҪӱҲһ·ɽׯ»ΣաԼǸϵıͽܣҶӲ޵ǵ
ὫʮպУԭҪȥģ֮ǰһȥһɡ̾˿
ްġҶ˵վ·֤ƵʩչṦڷԾ˼أģֿЦֿɰ
úúã֪ˣ°ɡЦźԼδĳ硣
Ҷ£΢΢Ϣҽǰ˵ٵһЩʱվͺãʮպᣬҶᳶȡߣҲʮֵɣ
ҴδᳶȡҶӵ˱ˮ²żϲɽׯȻд·ֻǵĵʱʲô⣬Ҳܱ㡣
һᱣԼ
Ҳᱣ㡣
ҶӵŴûоܾʱ̬˼ҲͷǺðɣʱҪúùϧԼ塣
Ϣ죬ҽС
Ի徻ˡҽһָѰװõļҩĵЩҩ·Լ
߶ǰգչˣмպԵǰ裬ܼƴǡҶⷬ˵óģ˵ҽһֱûԼʲôɫȴǸˡ˵Źƽ׸ȡ裬Ȼ֮Խ۶ϡ
ˣʹ˼ý顣ҽ˵ţӻгһɫƤСӶҶӵⱾԼϷıݹпձʲôգǿӡΪ˸ʦܽϾʱıܶ飬õõãһжı飬ҲΪǱƵܺһ㡣
ɽׯƽһˮ֮ĺСϣҽȴЩ·̡Ҷһ·ˮ·½·ֻߣٻصƽʱѾȥʮաƽǱ뿪ʱ࣬ʿյڴ˵ؿջ·䣬ûģܽΧһҲáԷźҶڳתС죬źòѰһշ
·ЩӣʱͬͬסÿΧûеڳʱձһ˿΢Ρʱɫ磬˯˱㶼Ϭزٴڷѡ¥´˶֮ȲԵġ
Ŀջüϯؾһ̸۵Ƕйء
ҶӲϲߵһǽǿλ£⴦Ǵõһӽäȴ׵Ķ
бǰ粻꣬ģӦĸҵĹӣ죬ȴҲһʱ벻˭һһһȻǸλΪ硣
ֻ꽫豭ϣڵѦּѧԨ˴Ӣ޵Ŀף֮ʱ罣ɱ˸Сҿۡ
ֹˣȻ˱һ˭˵׼˿ڲ裬ǵЦʾĻá
Ѧ̫ǫˣһѧȴ꣬ŴҵĹӡ֮ǰû֨ĺЦ

Ǽ˻ڻ磬Ҷȴһɻ᲻ͽôҪ̨
ƳҶ룬͵һΪ˵ʿĻԺͲԣӢ޺ͺ̨ӢʮڵĽ룬Ϊеǰ衣̨ѡȡһɽׯɽׯһҪ󡣡˵껹һЩС⣬룺ƽ˵ģϢͺ˰ɡ
ҶӼһģǴʱβͣһ̵ȥǵӢޣҲܲμӵİɣܶÿף
ŲҶ˼άԾֻܽӻǴȥɽׯΪ˴̨
ˣ˵᲻ԷŻ˽Ҷӵ˵ͷɨŵеĻס
˭˵ҲˣţӢ޵Ŀ׳ңزܻˡЩƣĪΪԼ֮ǰڰ¥һսЩʧ󣬲ŽСѾͷСȥӢµƷĦȣƫƫĳιȥûƼԱô˴úһ֣Ҳĳ˿۽硣˽⣬񽭺ܽеŵĺ֮㣬ûһܱȹԼġ
ðҾĿԴˡҶӴ÷ܣ÷Żδע⣬еĻһɨաΪжమ⻨ףǹʵΣŵһ׶֮𡱡žθЩţһԵķƺʼնûס
ɡ


31 
ҶӦ÷ܣЩй̧ͷ뱧Թ䣬ȴҶӵָθϣЩʵģҲ˲еôˣӻ
ûûʲôǸղųԻףЩˡҶԽ˵ԽС
ô˴𸴷ЩЦãѽԸ׶ܳšҲ̹ȡЦʱɫ磬ȥй䣬
ϴƽʱһζԸ¥棬δüúõһеķ⡣ʽʼչ⾰ѵϾڳкúù䡣
ƽǵʳȫһ֮ǰ¥ԹˣֱߵСҲ״죬˴ѡϧҶӴ˿ֻܿܳԣֻ۵θĿбӵǰߡ
ĵشҶͣõСԣĬظں档
û߼ȴǰһȺ˴ӵһ̯λסǰͨ·
һһƣӢޡ޿Ѻעˣ͸ͯۡ
ѺһѺһһѺһ
Ӣ޷ѺһκѺһѦѺһġ
ԭ˳̨˽˶ľ֣̯λϷ˴ССƣڽյ˶ȥʵ͵ѡ֣ʸߵı㶼̫áϾƽǸѵһʢ£оջǽǰȥֵĶ١
Ѻһ벻㻹ͦŵģ֮ǰ˵˴ţû׻ҶŷЦ
ʲô˵˴ţǲΪʵĻһӹˡʵҪǿʵôóϷ˵۹⡣ŲطʵƽЩһҶӣСƵʮҪǿ
֪ʵġҶӼ漱ˣǰҪȴٿȻͣ˰ա
ż״ǰһԼʳָҶġʮһӴ
ͻȻϸĴУҶһ£βû֣סŵʳָѰ˸ʵ׿ķŮҪȥѺעԼ𣿡
żҶûų⣬ĴսһЩͷνˣֲȱѺעԼʤ֮䡣˵ǶôˣһСıϳˣǶ಻һǫ͵󰡡
Ҷӣ
ˣеĲܿ䡣
׼뿪ȴȺгһɧһƾɵĸקֵ׳ţǸŮβǮ㲻ȥ˰
ׯҼԷԼĶǰͷѺѺѺעͿߣűˡ
ѺӣȫѺѦģʱı԰ɡ׳˵ű¶ͳǮϷţȴקס֡
ѺѺǼļҵˣҪûЩǮŮסˡ˿޵ңҵͷϵˮһš
ûǮͱˣȥɡ
ԼŮˣʲô˰
ϵӵģʲôͥϷġ

ΧԽԽ࣬Ϊ׳֪ѶˣôԼ֣ԾϹҲס㽫޹ĸϣһƽȵڵأ̧ȱߣǲƽﰭְţڻˡǮ㻹ܸɶǮû˾û¡
̫ˣ
Ŵ˿Ҳ˲ʲôǫ͵ˣǰ׳һЩѵȴ׳ʹһŸ˵ڵϴһߴһ߲ҽУ״ª
ҶƷŵһ˿ô˰ܴУ
ҡŶȺҪ˭Լһ֡
ͻȻһ㣬÷ŻΪ־궯˸ܵһ˿һŮӿȺ̬ӯ˵ƮȺΪ
ڳǲçգʱ˵ȾɫֱŮɣһʱۣԾóһ
ȴŮͣڴ׳ߣϲŭĿڵǳ̬ٳϣ·ֻһֻϣ̴ڣȴˮ᣺ֺýֻ۸ŮˣǱ㶼˰ɡ˵׳ԭõ˫ֺһҲһѪѪʾƵӿֻһһڵϷ
˱ǰһĻĿɿڴʲôŮɣǸŮް
˵׳ŹԼӻܹڼ£ŮڳйȻͨգ鲻Ͻ壬Ҳϳ档ȻʶŮӵûһ˸ҳɡ
Ůһŵ͵ĸˣƱ˵Ӳֵи˵һ䣬ƮȺҲҴңȥҲҴҡ
ΧһĻĶǵ־磬־ֻҲûѺע˼׷׳״ɢȥ
̯λǰ˼رʢ·ˣֻʣԴʧǵĸ˺Ѿʹö˵׳ߣʵģҪŮҪɷ򣿡
ҡҲ֪ôҲûŮƽ˳ܹˣɷĴϰΪΪԼЩӱܴպϹȥԼˣһʱ֮㯡
֪ѡˣһ˰ɡŸһ·ҪԵ׳ƽš༸·Ҳһ˸һǸȥһ֤
⼸ƽ཭ʿ֪һҲÿ϶ԼϽ֮ʲôӣͷɴƼþ׹ʱŵһ⣺һʿ滹ôˣ˻ԣҵĸүǳʲôˣ
ˣԷҪ롣ſżɽ
͡ʲô룿֪һ㶣Ū̾һ԰շҪ룿
Լǰ֤ڶ̯ǰ֮ǰһ顣֪Ҳʶ׳Ǹ̵ܽƦӣĲƴţƽﵹҲûǳʲô£ԾôҪųͷȥͷͣ˳ˮ˺飬˵ûѺ
żѵֲ֣ճɷŹ棬̶ȣйѺʮգʮʮ壬⸶ʮһҿ⸾ϵӦڼ׵ȣиѺʮգ⸶һʮ壬Σ
֪һۻԲѵ׳ĵⲻǸ鷳˵ɷֱ߽ɷһĴæôǵ
ſ֪ԥطԱڶϰʱлУʧְ֮ݰҪ̶ȣǹһʡ
ͣͣͣУˣѺΡ¹;ɷ֪Ǳù죺ǹһʣȥ
ƽ֪ƽﰸеûججΨһŵ㣺һʿ磬ȴܽɷزǸһͨоף˵ôоôкˡ
ţŽоһ븾ˣָһˣúչŮɡ˻ãо֪ΪŮҲټ˳ˡ
Ҫ¹ſͷȴһסǺ˵ĻҶסˣˣΪһĸףζӦñԼĺӣĶҪ
ôáŽһݸˣƱһ赢ʱ䣬ӵĲá
Ŀ͸ȥҶӸпԿ࣬ΨԶɣϣλܹװɡ˵Ůӣȴǹ˵ãôԶȺˡ
࣬ܵ㡣ҶӶŮͣŲΪȻ
òǲ˼ҹðɡҶЦ
ûҪƲƲ죺һ仰˵ò
˵Ӳֵи


32 ᣨ1
ҶӻصջſڱƼһˡ
һ־ԵĽɫվȺ⡣ʱջſĲ٣ָĿϣյȫա
Ա߶оܷ·һ⣬ʵܲ˵Ľؿջ䣬Цʱɽׯæ𣬳Сôпճй䣿
ûŵһԵҶӴкСˣþòûҰ
С㣬ԳⷬЦ̬Ҷӣ˿̺Ǵݵسͷ
ЦضҶӽ躮֮һʺƨԸԳƼϼȾգڡ𡱱һԵķţ뺯һĵϣûǰЩԽ뺯ȥţպʦڱչءһ˵˴ΪɴϯӰƲšµʦʦǼǰѾɽׯǧ򻽵
źɽׯڽãÿξٰᣬŶɵǰЩʱյһΪɴʦ㣬ڴἴʼʱ٣ȷʵЩ˵ȥ
֪͵ǰЩȥЩҪ£ⲻ֪ҪʼˣʹԶһ·ҹ̵ظˡԶǲ٣ҹʵЩţŵҶ壬һ·ϴֻΪٶΪſʱ㵽
ҲҪżƽϣ˳̨ױˣڵʵҽǰ㣬һҪ¡˵Ŵӻóһͼֽ̯˵ɽׯ´̨ͼмһ÷׮˫վ÷׮ϲУ˭ȵ׮һ֣Ȼܡ
ȵȣǸҿС𣿡Ŵ˳ϲ
ʲôף˵ôҲǰϤһ³֮պӢޱֻӮ䣬֪𣡡
һѵд裬ͷҲɽׯ౦֮һôԵñ߻ġɻ󲻽
³Ҳûŷţһ˫è۵ǶҵΪö˶˵ΪҪһ̨䣬˻ѡΪϷȫףŪ˸ʮϵĺޣպðѹʸѻʿȥǱߡ
ԭ꣬Щֻصͷ˵Ҳȷǵ˸ü˵͡
ʲôҲȷǵ˸ü˵ͣһֻβ͵èըëҿɱ㻹һ֮꣡պһҪûУҵǾԿϵڶġҪǱСΪϳĶҪ㣿ϸһ£ʸμӢ޵˵УջպԱŮҲˣ͡պϴպϰɡ
żһ·Լ˴˵ģɢԸպϣҿɲԸ⡣ҪӢ׵Ůȥף벻һֱҾͼҶǺȤ
԰۲㷭ȥСһ˲ɣʲôһȤҲûУŮ˸ǲȤҲֻҪӢ޵ĿŮӣҵܴЩ˼
Żٶ䣬ƽﻥˣѵл˳ԱȴһԵҶᳶһ£Цָˣ̨һᾡΪġ̨ͼ㻹ջȥɣбӦƽ˵ʵôˣҪǻСǻбô죿
֪һԿڿοԼ黹ĬĬͼֽཻ꣬Ը˽⣬οԼ˾ٱΥɽׯ̨ı֪ļƻˣŻŲ·²ߡ
Ҷӿο˼䣬뿪˿ջʱʷҪҪȥɽׯͷԡոŲΪܡ
ҹ٣뿪ջûżɽׯĿĵƽڵĺӱ˵ŷűֳһʮģлһ˿̨ܵջʲô֮Ͼ¹Լ£òǼ֡
ʱĳȫյģǳȾüңƴèˮ¹£˼С񵭵ģ
ҹɫˣСΪһڴǳһøŮƵŮߣ֮Ļһŵ㡣
ʶң˻һڣʶЩ޴ŮӺЦԼ½ϵĿ˵һУ㴩˲ʶѰɡ
ŴȴԷڡͻȻǰڨİŮӣᡣ
СҪİһҴϺõҶࡣŮ˵ţΪʹģȴ򿪾ƺԼеһڡ
ȷϺõҶ࣬һ򿪣ŵ˴ľ㡣ǶôŨҵľƣȴѾһ˿⣬żһİˣںӱߵİϣ׼һͬơ
ƽɽׯǰͺʽ˴δٹЩҲûһóѹŮȴһħ򵥼仰óжķĸԸһ
鲻õʱȷʵӦҸ㣬ҲʶûѹԼ˿һ̬ģ˵
ŮӾЯžƱ͸Ҷ౻ʵСУӳϵİ¡Ůӽʢµһֻӵ飬鿴ڲеŵһ̽
ȡȿȡһھƹ̫ɤȺüᶼ˳ƽֵܱԣⱭ֮ȴóֻһڱԭΡ
С㣬ƣŮͳһ˿ǵľա
һ£ͷأ֨
ŮӽʱıŤδ˵ʲôֻЦЦһֻƱ±Ե֡
ŮԼֲٴԼһʱоЩίŤͷŮеľƱһĹĵģ
ŮӼ״ᣬˮ峺᣺Сл˵
ҹˮɫҫ²ԣʱһƣһɤܸοġǰ¶˸оֺвİŮӣнѾõķžȻȻرˣ룬Աʶ
䣿
Ůһ£΢ЦŴ𸴵δ䡣
ƺЩģӦñҪ곤꣬Ҳһ˭˵Ůӵһͷǵüˣʹ˺һ֮ǰûôӹһŮӾͲԼ׷Լ𣿡
С˵ŮȻҲԼ׷ԼɫŵŮۡ϶ص뵭ľ˴ơ
㶵ؿŮӣκһʱʧ
С㡭ŮַסҪƻ󣺡ǲǡˣ


33 ᣨ2
ῪʼһգҶһ뿪ջȥˣ׼ȷ˵ǸԻˡ
ƽ
һֻ豭ɫࣺӥ֮ǰ̽ݳͨһ£ЩʱտʲôµĽչ
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˵쳤ݣ˻
ЩãеŵԶݣеǸ֮飬еǹȥйЩ鵥һʮϡƽȫһЩѰζˡ
㻳Щͨ쳤ڱ󵷹һССɣûȱ¡˳ӥĻ
ҲƵĵط˳쳤ݵƽ²飬ϾȫˣǱ֮˱һ㡣
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»ؾ̽ϽЩǰһЩڸԱЩвҪְϽϵҲḻҲǷòԵһЩʺ⼸£Ͻڼа꣬ϳҲѿˣٹþͻϻ硣
Ҳ˵Ǳʱ쳣ƽǣΪ£
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ˣμģȷʵȫ֮ܵˣαݵĿ»ֹһ˶˶˼ԻӱСġ
һߵƽլ
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ɣЩû𣿡ǰղͬ飬ҶûΪγڴˣҲûǷ񱨳ɹΪЩĴշŲ𿪴ӹ˳ߵʱбԤϡ
һұһֱǳߣҪи֮ʱָ֪书ҲμʦĶ£ߵ˹гү˺ЩʱղȷǶҽڹһֱûл֡
һ¡˵ӱǶҽ𣿡ҶӴɣǵ֮ǰ¥ʱ빢һ棬òȫư
Ҳã֪ҽһҽһ־Ǳֻһʱܱ任һƲ˿Ҵ˷һ·׷˴Ƽһʱ˸ˡһ˵ɣղѣǰٽһ㣬ٶýһ㡭
벻ҽȱ£Ȼ˵óݣ֮ǰǳ˻᲻ҲǡҶӷ
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ѹĳˣڴ˴˸롭Ӧ֪Ҷ˵ű㽫ӹ˳뺯һ¸ɣ
ʦ˼ǣμģ֮ǰǷ뺯ѱȡߣǲαͬһţͲ֪˴ֻݡɣתǲ̫Դ˼š
ֻݣȥ˲֪ˣ㲻˵ɻ㶼ϳҶӰο

ϳŵԼʱһͬڿջš
Ҹոȥӥһű
֮ǰ̽ͨѾˡҶ
ŵͷתʵأ֮ǰ֪ƽǻ֮ˡ
ɣһ·׷ǳ˵˴˴ңڹӱǶҽ֮
ҽϵǻʮ֡ſӣ˼
£űɴڿջϢȴҶ³سһߵ걼ȥ
ͻȻСȤʰһ߷ȥƣ룺ӳģôϲ
Ҷûлشţңϰ壬˵߿Լ𣿡
ǵģǱ̨߰ϷߵвϣԸԼϲöơػشΪƽһߵ꣬˵겻ɫƷḻɫ֮ǿÿĹ̡
Ҷӽ̨ϰŵһģݸţȻˣҪҪһԣ
Ҳ֪ԼôͿʼҶһŪߣģճֵúܣֲóһ߱ÿӿݣצ
һԵҶñģ࣬±㽫һģ͵üۡΪûʱƵģ˱ϾòͬҶӾԼİƷϸϸƬ̣Ʋҡҡͷתͷȥġֻԭȵģӱмܻ߱͹С㣬ֻ۾һֻһֻСֿԶӺһ͡һЦ˳
ŵšĿȫǡߣߴҶӵЦɫʱ˰ߡ
ҶӼɫæ𲻿ˣڲʵҲͦ˼İ㲻ԭ𡣡
һԵĵ̲ס廰ü⣬ʵϱо֮ͨˣͬһֻƽҪṩ֣ڲϱ㲻ݵƤǰ㾫¡Ҫ˵簡
ϰ壬𡣡ŶڵϲؽʷȤԼáľɫϰǰ
ҪߺɣûзϣʹãȲ¸£ȱڻ壬ｫſڵĮ̇Ϸɱá
ֱ˲ŸԵƷ뿪ߵꡣŵͷԼڳüͷšһɣһʱҲǣҲǡ
ҶӼ״֮ǰշߴϣ˫Сĵؽ߸ƽƤ͸ģϲ𣿡
Ƹһ㱡ĤϣſԼʱӣĵȴʱһƬ
ҲҰɡҶ˵ŽǸֵֹùԼϡ˵Сͦʵġ
ſǰϸֱͦϷһƵдߣͻȻԭúǻһӾҲ˳۲١⶯ҲѧҶӷŵģֽߵı߽˳
һůȵĺżľ֮䴫ݣ˴ʱߣ࿴ԷݣȴҲǡôһ˿š϶һڣȴһҡ


34 ᣨ3
ҶɽׯʱټĹ㳡⼷ˡׯǰɵıʤаʱڹ㳡ĽС
ÿٰһΣڽҲһѵõʢ£ͽֻһͷصɽׯƴ֣뵽ɽׯĿʮֿܹյ뺯ˣڽλԽʿԣҲһѵõ罻ϡϾڽٲ
ʱỹδʽʼȴһ㲻·ͷ׷ѰòľѣԺѡ
ϰ̨ǰŵλС
䣬һδϸ٣ҲԽˮ飬ƽﶼʳСסС֣µش
ţҲҲǳԵЩÿճʱмһʱŶ˵ûô˾ˡҪ˵ˮ飬ӯӯ޶ˣҷŲ㶼ûϳ֮кʱֳһλˡССȰȵģúСֳ˻
ͻҿģС𡣡
ҿɲˣſΪ˵ĶĻ
һվŵλŮ
СǣȥҵĹȥ⽣հʽ£ô˵ؿȻ£ֽŮ˫ƣֵŮӷ롣
СƣҰɣÿμ棬ʱ۳ϣܰұȻÿλָҪʽսȥ⽣ҶڷɣЪЪɺáֵŮοЦ
ֽŮ𽣣ĵǺðɣҪȥׯӢޣҪһ֡
ֻҪׯͬ⣬û
-------------------------------------
ҶӲǽˣڴ˴Ψʶ˱Ƿ飬ƫƫʱ֪ںδŲҶӸܵ䣬ǣѰһƫƧЩλЪϢԼɽׯĹ㳡˻ˣҶӵ֣һ·ϿλûҵָĶԻһ䡣
ʦ㣡һʮŮһعƼǳԼվԭǰģɬŮüͷ壺ǲŵ𣬿ź
һɷŮƿɻҽܵҽϫǽ¼ŵģСĽʦѾãܹˣ˱ȻϵӢ˷ɸʤʮҡʵ̫ˣ˵Ŵ
ŴСܵĽ٣˱ȴټʦһ˵һ߳ģźǵĶԷһСľݿͥ¡ֻܳοôǱλвˮȥһ˳˳ɡ
˭֪䰲οûЧϫӼأʦ㲻շǷ׿˹İͬţʵǡʵǡôô˰
ô˳˰űʾͷۣҶʱ⼸ͬҲ׷˹εĳ档
ϫѾͷʲôͬŲɷе׷ǰٺúýѵϫ䣬ȴƼһԵķţַ̧ܵ˸ʦǹæʦΪɴμӴ˴ᣬֱ¶ûţһΪ㲻ء
˵ǲŵĶӳӰС㲻ƫòлᣬҪ䡣
ڳӰƣŲмᣬһԵϫ̲סʦô˵ģʦŲôûĵˣƽڽҪһǺæʦίУҲûе飡
죬㻹֪ʦ֣Ŀ𳤵ĶһŵСӶײΪάԼߵˣӰǷߺޡ
ǴʦҲǵʦ㣬۳ɶ̬ȣŻǸ˵һ仰촭ϫȴǻʮ㡣
Ѿͷ㡭Ӱ֣ҪײԼʦһѵȴͻȻĽס
ˣ䣬˵Ļȴɽׯ͵ģЦģƽУ㶪𣿡
һԼԣӰһ˿ڳҲֻӲҭȥ
ղûгܾãɽׯĶׯ㳡룬λμӱᣬɽׯɵչλͬͬ͡ʱΪٽ֮ͬѺýɽׯ˴νӢ̨ߣѡһɽׯıɽׯһҪ󡣡
Ϣ˷ѵɽׯıǶϰ֮㲻ܶãܹһ۸ҲǺõġŶԴȴ޶ĶһɽׯãڻʼңСûеֹˮҲѵһıʱ£෽Ǳɽׯ֪ĿΪΣҲ֪ʱ֮֡һҲõġ
Ҷӿŵ˼ǣüһ㣬Ҫţ˶ӣƾ˫ԷֱʲôԽɽׯĹ۲ΧͣһɣͬһƬҲ໥ʶ䵥֮ˡ˵˴αݻɽׯ˲̫ࡣׯڿдʵأ֮кĿģʲȡӲƴֶΡ˵ׯעױɢʱ̣ǵȻ̨ʱͶע̨ϵĶϯϵ쳣Ҳײ
üĵ΢ת˲ţſҶӣ۾գգеĽŽһɵطɨ
ʱׯѽʤаӽȡ˽ߣһ࣬ͨϲûйĵΣûпУȴҲ˴˸ŵУܵĽ⡣ؽ޷棬ɲ
еĽͣΪɽׯƵģⲢ͸̾ɶ칤ʹǶԱ˽ҶӴʱҲ۾ƵĽ
ƵĲǽ֮˸Ľ⡣
͹ʤаҲӭ˴˴һͷϷ̨ɽׯΪδǰ´ĸ̨Ӣ޸ռֱͬʱУ̨Ϊ죬ոǣ̨ǿǿһʤ
ֵܿ˷ţֱֵʱΪɽׯׯĳ鶼һֱû¶Ҷڷŵǵ֣սСȥɣһ̨µĶ
̨һյıδʲôѲĶ֣ûѶǿ̨Ŀɨ̨ʱƼһӰҲպý˱䣺оŮӣҲ᣿
Ҷӵһʱʤķŵŷʣĵ⣺ձ䣬̨쳣Ҫ˵ﲻԣֻС˵ţĿͶʧȺеŮӱӰ


35 ᣨ4
ո˵Ų̊ʱйŹ֣صɽׯĿ᷿УŵһʱϷţѯҶӸղŵĻ⡣
ǵǵһڽϼģ𣿡ҶӴŻƬ̣ոźԶľ룬һȺ˵Ƕȴܵƾˡʱ׳ʱ֫˴ް״ҺŮ뿪ʱҲǽŲմأԼɲ⡣Ȼ̨˵ǿղʮ־տĽӮȴʮǿζʤ
˼ǣڲ׾ŽԼҲڴ̨޻עطĶڶǰҲʶŮӵı죬ʱƽϺʱһλĸ֡ҶԣȻǱʵ
ͬһ˵Ļչֵʵսѵʱչֵ֮һ
ûпǣֻǳѡñ˿书ǳźվϴһֲŰճ
ˣܡŮӵʵֻҪ̨ƺô鷳Ҷҡҡͷ
ʲôСŮӵʵֻҪ̨ƺô鷳һϳءҶӶŮͣЩί
ͻȻίģҶһ£漴ҲǣֻŮӵĹŹ֣Ӣ޵ͷѡ֡պúŬ̽һ̽Ůӵ书ǳܹұһ͸㡣
ʲô˵ҶҪԼ˸ͯ˷ܵĹ⡣
ҪܡҶЦЦ˸ӡ
ôص𣬰ҺĶˣھҿƵҶֳ½Եĺɰ̽ȥϵ𣿡
Ҷĵŵ֣ת͵˵նġ
ھ뿴һ׼ҵġءŹ⽫ҧٴ죬ҲķҪڴ˿ƼһҶӡ
óҶǺ뱣ˣ䲻ԾṦ书ԶҶӣֻһѨöԷԭȴһգҶɵè׽Ϸ
ϾռޣҶ̫ܵײǣŲһᡣ
ż״æסҶӵֹܽӴһ̫沿˲һ롣
ͨͨոջֵķһӱʮְܹǻеС¹Ծײ
ŽߵСƼǶ쵰ϸСëü续ƽϰŵһ˫ʱ·Ϳ֬ˮ޵ĺ죬޼ɵݶ˵Ҫսһ
ŷԼĵ뷨ԽԽҰˣƽսŪҶӵʱҲ𼸷ֽŵȻʱͺһҶҲûбõȥ
㡭ſڣƼҶӵƤܿƵգգһҺ˵꣺ǿ˰ôû
ҽǰ֮ǰҵݹǰЩȷʵǿ֮ЧҶ仰˵żľ룬ܲ׽е
ͦõģϰҪ֮ԺЧ𣿡⣬űץסȥ
ûСھȥҶ˵ҪţȴԼ
˳ҶӵĿ⿴ȥϽӷֱɿ֣Ҷ뷿ƵıӰҲʶظȥ
ֻҸ뿪䣬Ҷƾż佫ݹϵĵһʽȻһȦ󣬵ҲĽ״̬ЩֻҪÿնһʱĹһʱӹˬ١
ȥֻҪʲô⣬ܹٽʮɡҶֹ۵š
ſԺҶϰıӰʽ׼һ׼򵥵ĽˮӰѼ䣬ѳߴҷ緶ݹϵʽԽΪ޶ȴҲʧĿ
ԭޣ츳ѧ豾֮ϡ¿ҶãԺﲻ֪ΪξͻȻðͷ
Ҷشһףע⵽վڲԶķţʽͷĺŷŻӻ֣ҲˣҪȻָһ£
ձֵÿɱҵˡаȴҲҶߣո׶Ѿˣȥǿû⡣ÿʽټһʽӰʽȺͽЧͬʱڽʱҲܹԱ֮
˵ţݹʽԼʽȻһҶӿڹĿ֮ˣݹʽʮֻ򵥣һűȻҲѲ
𣿡
Ҷû֨ʵжش⣬˵ظһŵʾ˵˷ʽеĺְԼʹ˳ʽűȻвͬϾ书׶ԶšʵʽȴҲģʵЧ
ſҶӣЩӡ츳ˣٻЩ֮ͬʱ֮ġҶӣǾޣϧ
-------------------------------------
ڶӢޱֳ
ŶѦģŮӶκųŶǰڿջйһ֮Եĺӣжм԰Ҳȷ԰ʱʮУȡӢްʤ
³ĿĳŮɨȥԺҶǴսҶ߶ղһҲʤ𣿡
ʤҶ෢Ķ䣬Сش
ѾǿˣڱʵԽԽǿ¡
֮ǰλʤʿһĹ񣬷ŴʱüϳҲ̨µĹϯϺ˲裬żȻ̨ı߽ǴƼһλղѡ
ǲˣǴ˴ᶫ֮һׯ飬ʱֻһɫɫȥҲģվ̨ϣһҲûУ͵յͬ
ѰΪɽׯׯĳ߶ǻΧˣ֪Ϊܱͻ仹Ǳʲôԭ򣬾һ˹վһ
ʶķſɲᱻͻŵǰļС㣬óˡ
鱻ͻĴһ˺󣬲Ż㱵㰡Ҳˣ
ʲôϻǰ۰ͰԼһҪӢ޶˭ڣ⣿űͻȻתŪЩͷԡ
ʶԼѵ̬ȷʵЩ䵭ּһĹȻͣҲ̫ʤڲ롣
ĵʲô˼⵽ӮǲӮ
εĳ沢ûά̫ãһʱѵӢ޾ʼˣ


36 ᣨ5
޽ҪһЩʱɽׯбͶӢ޵̨Χۡѡ־ǽгѾʵȶĸֲͬӢѡֶеĺ֮㣬ҲŽδ곤̨߽ӣҲô˻һԼ̳֮ͬĲࡣ
֮ǰΪӢͷѡֵķŲϵѹ֮һ·ͦôȴһǰδڽŮӾȻҲɽ¶ˮؽ뵽Ȼ֮ǰÿһıֶʮֳʣƾʤ֣ܹվҲ𾪡˴Ӣ޽ѡ־ŮӣׯҲ˽˼
̨ߵľ׮ϣһһӰʶ֮ơһůǣ˻ƮȻĸо
ţš
Ĺȣѩ
ܶ˱ǰϲԱţԴΪһҲǶԶֵءɽׯ̨ȴ޴ӲԹ涨ÿѡֵıɽׯеǼڰ֮ǰĺѡüеٵԽûԼֵ˭ҲѩһڴǰԱţȻиʢıձȥĴȻȴǵһĹѩ֡
ĹǸʲôط֮ǰûô˵
֮ǰʦ˵Ǹר޼ҿɹŮӵĵطǰһЩ漼ܣҲ黭ȸּա֮˼ʹڽҲԱţԺա
ô˵ѧеӾܽӢǰŶغϲ·磬֮ǰʤҲʮˡ
̨۵ң̨ϵıҲ˰ȻĽ׶Ρŵ书·ڽвܣѩĹǳȴ֪֮١Ƿһʼ׾д󿪴ϣҪƳֵĿҾѧ
ڷڵĽѩȴ˿ţĲṦӵĸʽйһһ⡣һһʽʮּ򵥣ȴЧ
ֱŽʮʽһʹ꣬ѩʽʼ޴ʼΨһܹƵı˿˿ֱ׳һͷקһͷŽľ׮̬һ˿ද
ż״˿ԾѩߡȻԶս˿Ǳ񶷺ˡ
ѩȴϣһֳ˿ΪУ黨ƷۿɼٶȳŻȥֻнߵķűˣܵǼʽ̺İ
˵һʼŻѵ㵽ֹ̬ѩɫĲ֮£Ҳòʮ־΢һĿ֮Ǳܡ̨˿˴ʱǲಮ٣ֻзԼ֪ʱӦжôǿ߽⼸ĴССս٣ϴζİ¥Ħȣ˿ѹ
λԳĹȵӵѩģҲŶʮͷʮصǰǻҪ񡣷ϴС츳ŬԴһͬе̳񷽲Ÿܵˡ
ѩƷһƽһƣȴЯ಻ŲӲӣֻܱܡ˻Լ֮ǰȵľ׮ȴΧԭء޼ƿʩֻܳһƣ̨
ʲôŰˣվǰŵĹڵһʱ俴״
ոҲܾ㲻עѺŵӣŵ
ܴ̫ೡ˰ɣˣǿϧNԵҡͷ̾Ϣ
˵ǹȵӣʵЩϣһʤհѩµĵһĽ
Ҳô˵Ҳʵһ֣бҲȥøձһֱۿѩԵŮ

̨¹μ̨ۣѳׯ̨ϵϲλǹȵѩŮñӢ޿ףѡһׯڴŵıɽׯһҪ󡣡
ἰɽׯıҲˣȽ˼ѱӣ·ѡԼһ㡣
ҪҵĻѡ罣ǽ࣬ҽСɱЯʺŮֹѦĶ罣һ
Ůʲôƫ˼Ӣ޿׻òҲָ첲û˲Żϲ罣Ҫ˵ׯʤаͲ˵˽ϺΨһһǧڽʱɽׯ¸գӦǱ֮ǰЩʤһյıС̲סֱ˻ȥ
ʵƾҲģҼǵó˷ɽׯͻˮɽׯ˽óʱˡŴǼĳһСľ͹˻æԲ

ѩų̂µۣһׯСţҶӢ޿ףȷʵһ֮롣ŹɽׯղһΪɡĹŻ֪ׯԸ
ɽׯΪڹزʮ⣬ɡһλҴʦɽׯݣΪл档ⶫɽׯв޶ôǵǴʦһ⣬Ҳׯڵ䱦С
ѩһ˻Ȼ䣬ҹŻȵɽׯʵá
ׯҲһ£ҲǲᣬֻǺϷɷһ䣬ŮΪԸҲҪһֻ֪ɽׯׯıǶʿ
ƽϰ䲢δʹ˷֮ȡɡǼʦСʦ¼ĽƽһԸܻȡһʦīʲŶׯ
ׯͷԭˣʦͽˣ޺ǱŮԵƬ̣ϷͲ˵䱦󽫡ɡȡ
䱦ɽׯղڣĸɳ롣䱦λأׯڵӶ֪λںδҿ䱦ԿףλׯһѣΪ˴ѩ󻭣䱦һҲһΡ
ׯ֮ȡǲ˸ţתˮֳһյƼһеݸׯׯ򿪽һۺѩŮҪġɡ
ѩлӹУ˺Ŀнչһվɽۣ֮ͷŸߴһֻ׺չֱ׺˹¾һкΨһƬëƮȻͷ
ڹм˸أʱϵҲ̾˻±ʲһ񣬻д񣬻а׺ƶ˵ľ벻·˵˶һµִ벻һСֱʣѩҲ
ȷʵǷɶõĺû㿴С㶢ӶˡҶӳ˳ŵ䣬ʾѾγĳ顣
ߣŲЩ黭Ȥǿ˿Ӷˡһ뵽ѾԼ޶ãȴһŮ˳񣬷žô


37 ᣨ6
ͷϷѽϰףڱͲżڵ뿪ɽׯڿͷ㣬רһӴׯ;档ɽׯ괫Уĸ̣ׯǽ裬ǹռǾסο񽭺Ҳ£ʢͬһ飬ͨٶයա
źҶԴɽׯ㶼һģЩðαװׯ֮Ȼչȥֱ̨һжƽ˾ò񻰡
˵ǶԴ˴δͼ̨ʱǺܺõĳֻᣬΪλһգ·Ҷ߽ɽׯͷͷ˼š
̫ˣû׼Ǿմֿ۽磬ĸϢЩĲɵڵ
ڴˡҶӶ˷ܵ۲ͬתȴһ޾ɵģѯʣôˣǱʱˣ
ûʲôǴǰŹˣ񷽲ŵ֪˰ˡ̾˿豭ࡱһڡ
Ҷһ⵽ߵԭ򣬶գգһ¡
ŲԵҶڰзҵıӰһ˿档
ҶӺܿ챳ߣһСϣֱߣ͸ġ
ŽСйĦһ߱ƳɵĽ룬ߵɫΪõǳʮ巨ϸܣ滹һֻԴС׺ôգȴܸܵߵġ
Ž뷭ȥϸţǹõĻȣߴҶӺ֮ǰǷһ˵̨㽫㡣ʱ㿴Ϊһû깤͸㣬ϣÿһսҲʵһֱǵһ
ллҺϲæؽֹˮϵľɽ뻻˸ʱȴһͯõǹ㿪ġ
Ϊʲôֻ׺ź
ΪɫÿѽҶգգۣƤ
ŽõĽϣֽڿ˸ٶˣУ첲ȴͻȻһʹǻŽ룬ֹˮòȵڵϡ
ôˣǽˣҶӷסսĸ첲Сĵ
û¶֮ǰѩһƣձˡ̨ϼˣ˴ò򲻿˵ڵġ
˲⣬ȥҩҶ˵Ųȷű̬תòҽҩӦоС
ŻҶѾһСҩƿߡҲٽ飬Ҷ˴ĨҩҶӵǷŵƣҲ֮ǰҪһ롣ſԲС
ΪҶӶԼĨҩŻѰ˻ɢע˵Щڽǹȵţû뵽ȴԻ
ʵڼǰܵǹ˵ĶݣһҲǹȡҶԺиֳһŮģӰʱЩãֻϡǵһոǿŮˣָһӼ㽫ԼӻѨȳֻϧԼûֵѡ
ιźҶ£Ҫô˻˽һЩ
ɢˣٺ㿴Դˡ糾̫ۣȻѾȥҶӱ㲻Ըᣬͽš
ſҶ£ñת˻⣺˿ǹ֮˵ľ֮硣
Ҷӵͷǵģ֪ǰ¿ŮӣҼǵλǹǰ˵һ仰˵䣬ΨŮŮӣҲΨŮİŮӡ
һΨŮŮӣҲΨŮİŮӡ֮ػӬӪ֮֮ǰѩĻǶˡ˼ۣбλıǹŮӷĵ͡
ܸоЩ֡ˣϣ˵ģǶ˰ɡҶ˼Ҳδͷʱͬ˷ŵĿ
-------------------------------------
ٴμѩʱѩڴеİ
ǡ׼Ҫ뿪𡣡ɵ
ҷʦμӴ˴ᣬԲ񣬱ûٶයɡѩһĺ
ûжɣաճ鲻ãϡͿѩϡͿİԼˣΰѼڼеֻɫӰ˵㡣˵һλŮӽͻׯСӦԺʱʱǸֻһ֮ԵɫӰ˱ӰٰĵһնδϯֱӢ޵̨ٴƼ
ղİƼˮ꣬½̸İˡ˵һԵ֣еĳеĶ̣۳̣ԵԵɢС͵֮һصԵֺˡѩЦЦǰ˵ģ
ԵԵɢԺҪټ㣬㻹𣿡дԼҲڴ
ᣬֻᣬǹ֮ƽ߽һе͵ǱҪٻšԳ벻ȣʵҲ󡣡ѩһϵãתֿʼһ
ٴγȣҴǡѰɣһ˫èۣǺ绽ĳС㣬ʱȴԵЩš
С㡣ѩ飬ЯŹ⣬һЦЦģԸ㽻ѵġ
Ҳϲǣֻѡﰵ
-------------------------------------
ڶէҶӱ㱻Ķѡ
ʲôˣҶߵſڣǰŵķš
˵ɽׯҹʧһׯλ͵һ𡣡ʱˣżҶһ˯ģæ˽ݹš
ȻǳҶԶʱѲ٣˲ýŻһԣѸϴ
ڷҶɽׯʱƽʮֿĴʱѹѹվһƬˣԹ˷
ӵģˣˣϵİضɽׯॸģ׵ĵͳɤź
ǰ~ЪձʦŸʲô뿪𣿡۵ҵɻ
˵ҹɽׯˣáòǲɣСĳֽµ

ׯɫ࣬վλǰԻڳµһλɽׯμӴ˴ᣬðλۼ˴ʵǵѡҹׯ̱ߣϵɽׯ괫Сվٰᣬǳ뺯߶ׯλڴ˱˴˼֤˵˵ҹʱʱλںδڳ


38 ᣨ7
ׯһ˵ȴҲ͸¶һɲݿܵϡɽׯʧ˹غеȷʵоҲǻϵ飬Ҫ¡
ǰѯʣ˱٣һСıˡ
ҹʱ뻷ˮɽׯ˾һƣֱʱŸɢȥطЪ£ǵӶסһ䷿˷ɽׯĴȵ
ԣǱ˴֮䶼֤˷ɽׯ뻷ˮɽׯӦ͵
Ӣûлֶһ֣ԼʱںԺд裬ʱʦһصķѦҡȵ
ȷҹѦдʱԱ߻вʦʦΧۡκ
ţӯӯþûˣҹһݳҹ̸ѾСС׾סڸݡҴС㶫˵⻰ʱһֻֻϹҴСϹӯš

˶Ŭ֤ƺ˶вڳ֤ΨѩһˣϷһǣܵ롣
Ů˴ǹǰμģֻһˣׯⲽѩԣ״ʵҲֲɣѩҪɡɽׯʮص䱦ڸеİ̾Ͳɣһƺ̫ɺϡ
ǵģǹϲ֣Դ˴ֻһǰѩׯ
Ůׯпʶ֮ˣԴһ˴һ𣿡ׯһͷųεѹ

һֱһѩҪڻشȴһʮŮϡ
飿ŮʶׯԼҹŮ
ûԼϵԾģѩŮׯʶѣһֱŮһɡ
ׯԼҹŮһҪΪҸûꡱģּѩһģ̾˿ˣŮ˽Ҳߵˣֲ⼸˶򲻵˵ת뿪˵Ķ
ׯһȦʶ໥ڳ֤ʵ޶ô߰ԾĲֹһˣȫԻ֤ҲһֱȺУһʱϳ
ׯ
ׯˣһ£ǿҶϷ£
֮ǰһλѣ׷Ѱóݵĳׯ⣬Ҳ֮˻ɽׯԾʧһйءׯŵùһѰ֮ˡҶׯӧ
ׯҶӲϤߵķȴϤúܣһصģѯʵҶкθ߼
-------------------------------------
ɽׯתۼ㵽ʱԶӶùСʱɽׯӰųÿ϶һʵСӽºȥֻһӳ̶룬װߡϺзδ죬ȴҲʳָ󶯡
ׯվ֮˵λһ磬ɽׯ躣ʻλǰֺЦ˵ɽׯһǱǺʡλǰնѾƼˣ²ɽׯĺʡ
ʳΪ죬˵ܳԵʣͻȻԹɢ˴룬֮ǰܶ˽ӵ뺯ʱڵܵóԸʱɽׯ̵ĺʸǱ𴦶ֻǡճԻǲеȣʳǰһЩֺη
˸Ծλɽׯӵָ½ʳУһֹһߴ񫡣ƺдûׯӰܣȫһֻ򱻴ڿϣʷۣ͸⡣һߴһ߸̾ɽׯƴ֣ÿֻͣǡĺȰ
ȹȣʳȴʱлƷģ˶ʳУϾ˼ׯô˻Ĵÿһˡֻīɵķ볤ϵλãȫԶûӣʱڳԺȣΪûע⵽ϯ
֣ɽׯдܣʳﲻθڣׯ볤ߣЦʵ
ׯֻϷճθЩСëҪЩʳˡ볤˵˲յĺɫм־ִ١
𣿡ׯŷ볤ձϵҿë²ǳθɡ
˵ǳǿ죬ׯһְס볤ϡļһס͹壬˳һһ볤ϽȻͬȻǰˣǶҽ
ׯȻֶΣϧǿҲס޻ɢ𷢳һЦĬ룬ϵ㱻жȥ
ׯطסһǣҽ𣬾ɽׯ˵۽ɨܣ֮ǰڴõıƺȫ˹Уһſϡ
ׯٻˡ˵꣬ɳ޻ɢ˶ҽҩɫζֻɢڿ룬һʱʱɢȥҩЧʱ䲻̫Ҳ㹻ӳɽׯ
ʱ˶ͻıʼδΨзҶո첲ƺδܵӰ졣
ӦǹҽǰıܶЧȥ׷ˣڴ˴Щָһʱ䷴ӦҶӿٷƣ
ȥ׷ҽȶҽ࣬ṦҲ䡣ֻⶾҽƻý׷ׯеΪڻׯڵ޻ɢֻڲ
ɡŽסɽׯӣ˷һ·ߣǰ׷ˡ
Ϊɽׯĵӣֻܴܸһ·׷ɽׯ⡣
ΪֻҪɽׯߺҪףȴʧˣһֱװ˶ׯӥץš
ʦ㣬Ҫδã˴˶ӣӥαװɲŵŵӡ
ȽѺׯڣɴׯã˼ׯǱŽӥѺ˻صɽׯ
ŻصɽׯʱҶʹñܶİ£ѾָֻǹһʱȫָׯŽѺأһûжףֱ˽Σɵȥ볤ϵĿͷѲ顣
˷·ٺ
ѵģɽׯͷȻ˶ҽµҩµĶҩǴһСҪȫ׵զզ
ׯڵİԾʧԣ϶ǶҽѲ˹ϵһǱ㶼ˡκһ
λȥһҪʦһʵڡʵ̫ˡСĳֽһһէ
ʦܽҽץסϫݵ
ţˣܼ𣿡һϧ

ׯ˺ЩŰˣͻȻɫһ䣺Ƽұٱôûˣ


39 ᣨ8
ׯһҲаæѲӡ֮ǰҶ޻ɢ˷ǰȥ׷ҽһ뿪ƾһˡʱɽׯӴսׯȻ㱨Щʲôׯɫ΢䣬ָֺܿ򶨣˵ɽׯдܣλһգȻؿͷЪϢɡ
һ˼Ҷˣ㲻ô˶һҲپΪλһˣɢȥصס
Ƽׯ飬֪飬δż뿪ղŻӵĴʱֻʣ³ׯŮԼšҶˡ
ŴǰϢ˴ɽׯΪ˷ֹ¶ˣʱز֮ʵׯѵ֪ٱȥ
֮±ɽׯ£ɽׯãҴ˴ܹ˳ץס𣬷ų٣Գׯδš
֮³ɷŮɽׯ¸м򵥿󣬳ׯֱӽ⣺µİжĺۼٱѴӰ뿪ѾãΪ֪ԷıѾáϷƲ⣬˴ΰԾôʱڱߣҽӦöзݲ롣
ԵͷҲ²⣬ׯѲ볤ٱķ䣿
ѾɵǰȥˣŮȤһͬǰһۡ
з»һɽׯ᷿⡣
еӴٱķׯͷׯ¸ϸѰٱķʰúܸɾ˵Žʵׯǰ
ׯӹһƣһϳĸҲֻŲȱ£֪شɽׯ䱦еȡ
̫ˣɽׯһԩ޳֮˴˴ξĿŵɽׯҶҪȥָ˵ֱߵһҪὣ˵ļƣۼֿקסˡ
飬ɳ嶯ׯȵ˴Ÿҽĸڴ˴Ǳ±֪ôȥҪ˵ԷҲ֤ݲʸڷϡֱȥţǰ׷ѹ򡣺οһóذԾҲôпǱָʹ
Ǿʲô۸ɽׯͷһʮֲġ
ȻǣٰꡣׯĳԴʱѲ볤ϿͷĵǰһͬǰĻһҶʮϤס
ɣڴ˴ǸׯȺϢ𣿡Ҷգգۣ
ɣشͬеɽׯһׯ棺ׯѲ볤Ϸʱûҵ֮ȴﱻΰڴ¡
㣿ûˡͬжյĻ飬ҶӱܵĹġ
ɣҶĹеģ˼ʦұҲĻԹԵϢһ뵽ҵĳ˻ɽׯڱʳѰҹͶһ˵ɽׯ˹شׯǺȥʱЩԶֻԼԼʲôǬԡʲôͼġҹԼӦײʲôܣ뿪һ˵ǳ̫ƣһ㱻ԷټʱֻúһۣٴƼλɽׯСˡ
ˣӦþݺĶҽٱ˵ԾͱתƳȥˡԷ漴Щ⣺ղ֮ԣѲɰԾͼ֮ʲôϵ
ׯȫ̶Ի˵̾˿˶֪ɽׯǰԾȴ֪ǰɽׯ滹ֻһĬĬԵɺ֮һλΪֿѡλоγ֮ţ֪أȴӢţӢš
ǰԾ棬˵Ǵԣܱ˵ҲɣԵõԾ󣬱˳żȻѰһк֮㣬ƾĽｭһʱڽйܳޡиĽ⣬һסֻʱ䣬һִɽׯʹ֮ｭ
һֱܸмֿѣͻعʱ֪ĺˡǳڶһĳ֮ˣԾϸ׷ҲǶһһػͼֻǴ˵λ﷽֮ԣȺ˵ȡԾĿӦǳźͼͬǶһ֮໥֮Ӧʵ±㲻ֻϵɽׯһɴСͼ֣֮Ұĸֶ䡣
ׯ˵һΨȺѰͼ֮ǰԾѰأֹǵҰġׯһڵ߰Ծ֮ˣѾ˴²²⡣
ʱһɽׯǰŮλʿ˵ġ
ת˲Ǳˣӥӥ˵վˣһʱֹ
˴ûˣʲôµ˵޷
ӥõŷԸſڵҸݴʦķԸׯǱһ˹شɽׯľ죬ǰסֻǡ
ֻΪΣԵñȷŻҪż
ֻǻδüѺɽׯ㱻԰ӥ˵ţ½һ˵ʬ̧ǰ
˿Ǿһɫ۵ʬףױϳݡƼұٱ
߹룬ⱳ֮˺úݶġһӥлҪ˵ʾ
ڴѲ飬ӥһȾѪŵݸš
ţϴθҿġչţּԼǰżģϵݽ˼ܣʱ֮ͨŵ˭Ҳɲ¸˾Ųʮ
ӥؽ͵ȥ֮ǰͬͨŵͬһˣ֮ǰһֱ֪ɽׯΪΡ
֪ˣȴЩˡżһɻ콫ǰӥػһµͬʱһδ׷¥ɻͨĵ˳һ·̽ɵϡ
벻ոֽ˵ЩǳԽɻģ˰ղѵԴ
ԼҹŮһ¥ݵ£ׯжšҲӥĲŵӣȴδԵơֻ˳˵Ľ̸˼߻Щı֮ǰ¥ôһҲ˵ͨˡʮǰ¥Ϊ˺ͼ˶һȫ壬ֻϧϷ˸ϵʱһôǵҰĶûɣҲǲġ
˵ǶҽҲǰ¥ˡҶ⵽ճׯһʱɣʱ۾ıο
ˣׯȥǶҽˡ
һѺ˵Σδ룬ӻŻڸղţҽԾˡ
⵹ʮַϰ¥һ硣ŵľŭֻһ˲漴Ȼ
ɣϢһ̷·жȥȫѪˣ


40 ᣨ9
òײ԰Ծ֮˵ݣʱȴ޶֤һʱ˳˼
һʱݵİҶ䲻ڵҼǵ֮ǰСӰ¥ɻϻǵͨĵһ
ŶСˣĶȥˣһȻģѯʷŵ
Ƕռط֮ǰûô⣬һֱЯʱҿͷİ˵űͷȥ
ȡ̯ǰǿһ֡
ⶫʱղϻӵİôأһʲôܡֻǵʱҲԹ취޷Ūݡ鶢һƬֽյ
⵱мʶĻׯʰƬ̵Ϸ˵ǹ֮ó漼ɣ֪ǵпƽܡ
ȥѩæһǹȡ֣ܵñ˭졣
-------------------------------------
ѩ˼ҴУȴϴקŵĿͷʱֻ˵ҪҪԼæҲ˵ʲô£ҲԼͬͬ⣬һļǵģ
ѩЩãȴվ˲ˣлƢѯʵڿ˵˰ɣС㽫˴кҪ¡
ۼѩһ̳ߵģ֮ظ֮ǰڰ¥һȴκʾŮʦǹȣ֪зƼݡ
ѩĿŷŵĻƵ֮ϣɽ߰ȴһƬհףȻо⴦
ҹһԡѩùָֽϻ˼Ƭ̺󣬶Գׯ鷳һ֧򡣡
ѩõûڻͿĨֽϣȫͿĨϺ󣬽̿÷ԺУķ
ѹеɻ󣬰ѩһϵжǰȥ۾ض
վλÿѩ˺һʾ˵
һվѩʾλϣ̽ſԴȻƼ֮ǰµֽҫ¸ֳ֣Ȼ͵ĺۼǳҲݡ
ӳͼ飬ʥ֮һһֵضϵ֣һͷˮǣ
ѩһĿʮеݣ͵ǰ벿ֽ˺ͼԣӦҲ˵Ҫ벿֣д֮Ԥ⵽ǧ󣬺ͼ齫˵ʧʱΪͼػߵĶһ˿ðԾ̽ͼ䡣顭ЩݱͿĨ
һˣҶĿһɣѩ̽ѰĿ⣬ջߣ״
ѩ͵ݲȫǸݿԵóҪѰͼԾһȱһɡ˵Ȿڰ¥õģЩ¥Ҳһֱץһˣ㲻֪ûץƽԾ֮ˡ
ܣһ¥֮֮𣬲죬˲¥ȺӥȮУҲΪЧɣһЩܿء
Ҷסɣĸ첲ѩ͵˼һЩԨԴЩ
ѩЦЦû⣬ŵֿܣһǵȡԾı֮жһˣôڱԸݰԾֱȥѰҺͼǵǰаԾ֮в޶һˣôΪƽԾİأȻȥѰҶһˡ
ǶһˡׯԽӻɽׯһԨԴԾҲԴڶһ塣еطҪϴ˾ɽׯ棬˴󶯸ɸе֮١
Ҳǵڶֿܡ۽ɨɣ˼Ƿųһ˵ϢǵȡԾı֮ˣǲǻǣ
Ҷӿһ۷ţֿһɣڵûǵ֮˼֣ҲŰԾǱҰģʹʱԾȡأԷҲưոݣݾߡ
ҲУҲУɽׯıˣż˴죬Ҳδ۳һʵЧķЩļϻ
⼱ʲôʱܸĸģܲ˰ѻ˵ꡣŻҶӣһ۳顣
Դ㬵ر˱죬ҶӼҪΨһǵ֮˵ĿǺͼǱһѰͼӸ϶ǵ룬ʱҲִڰԾ
Ÿ޵ȷˣʵҷҲ뷨¥ҰģԾһ壬ͼͼ֮߸Ǭڹ˽ǵóѡ
ڡһҶ˵ʲôʲôģ˵ɣǧ괫еͼ˵ҪѰѰġ
ʲô׼ûУȻѰǵаԾػɽׯˡСҶӽյɣĬ񣬼жһˡ
һۣһ¾ǰȥѰҺͼ֮ǰ˵ŷĻȴǳһ
ׯԼҹŮԸɽׯׯΣοԸ׼˳̲ʣҲׯʤаͬʱ¸ŷŶѧϰɳ嶯
ׯˣɽׯ򣬴˴ɽׯʧһڽдⲢǵӵ⣬ͬʱҲͷųһźţʱɽׯ֮ʱʹɽׯа괫УڽҲңЩѬ֮ˣʱ޲ɽׯһׯһ㲻ׯɡ
-------------------------------------
¹ϴҶӴɣ߳һ۱ƼվԺеķţʤѩ׺׵ɡ
˰ˣǰֱϵҶϣδ׹ȥҹչЩ⡣
šЩӣҲͦ׵ġҶӻŷŵĻѰһʯ¡
Ҳͦ׵ġסҶһֻ֣ձҪˣоΣ
ЩһֱչҽǰķԸǰˡҶЦЦûڹƳٳɳһ¡
˱áƷģƲģ΢̾˵ֻǴȥѰҽȴನۣҼǵʱ⽭еĲƹܡʵ鱾Ҳ޹ء
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ʱ޷磬ȴÿһ缡
¹£Ҷһ˫˸ϵǣ׼صŵġ


41 
, ҹɽׯԺžտžһϸ΢СṦ̤ݶ
˭еز׽һʱ˵, ֽת, պýסӭ涪ķ, ׼ʩչṦ׷ˡ
ȵȣҶסŻδɿ֣ѵ
Եͷβһֽֽȡºչҵּһֳˮ䣬֡
ʲô˼
ҶӿֽǰЩ·һлˮĵطպþڵĻƺӱϣǸûҲ
㻳дġˮָǸˮ򣿡ѯҶӵ
Ҷӵ˵ͷˮλ봫˵ͼĵطʮֽӽ, ֮ĳֹ
˵ҲЩǡ˻Ὣֽ, ־ʲôĿģҶӣȴ
˲֪Ӻδ֪ǰѰҺͼһ, Ҫôǵ, Ҫôѡѻãǵ, Ǹ϶ȻжԷҪϢ˹⽫ȥˮ, ϶֣, Ҫһ, һˣȥҶӿ
ⷽһҶ, ͬ˵֮ǰҲûʲôȷ򣬼Ȼˣȥ֪ͨ飬һǰˮ򡣡
һ磬šҶӡ顢ɣ˱һǰˮӾɽׯԶпӳ֣գ˱㵽Ŀĵء
ǺͼֵصĻˮɽׯܱߵСҲûʲôһȥһϢԴӱ㼱͵ĴһȦЩʧصó۵
סӣ㳶ϯݶȥ죬ܸܵЩһһ䣬鷴תͷҶӹĵôԶ·۲ۣиеҪһջЪһЪ
飺
ôԴĺ
Ҷһ۳һԹģЦЦشĶôɫ磬罫ºȥ˽˽ӵ
Ȼ㿼ǵܵϵͬѰҿ÷ĵط
飺ҸոҲô飬ôң
ɣĳɸӵĳ飬ĵļС㣬߰ɡ
˽һҿջҪļͷ
£СһϵЦݵλǴİɣʲô󾡹ܷԸǸջһֱּǹ˿ϡ
Щ˴һŽӷϣǻˮʷɫеûĶܽܡ
һӾΪҶЩ۵ؿ飬̾˿ˣǮĲϴ
֡С翴һСӣͱ̰ӿ˷ϲǻˮ꣬ǰ
һ󡭡
ǰ~˸ĹǷĬͬʵ˽⵽ʲôûУ
˽ˣ⻴ˮʷԨԴ飬С˵ÿϸˡػشʲô˽ˣֺʲôû˽⡣
ŶǺá齫ӵݸС磬ǸסӣôһλѾʼϰԵƤܡ
л͡СۼֿӣЦһ仨
ڰ֣С뿪ȴҶӽסС磬Ǻ
ҶԸղŽݱһֱڰϷõСľˣֻ£ϸ֮ȴֱǬС˿ද仯Զʤͨľż
ѽϴ޼ľͷżаľˣÿֵͬС˶ͬĶϵСˡǡľˡ
ԿСľˣȻϿһ֡
СӶͳһʮƵСľˣʾϲﻹһ롯ľˣ롮ľ˲ͬҲһȥɡ
ľˣ˵˵ľ˵ϴ޼ôߣͳһӵݸС
ҶƳһ۲ƴֵĳ飬룺Сʳһõ⣬Ȼ۸Ҳ̫ˡ
Сָ·뿪󣬳齫롱ľ˵ݸҶӣһĳģСܹ⣬γŶľ棬ȥϴ޼һ׸ϡ
Ҷӣ
ԣոջһľʵַΪΪ棿
ɣڷҶƳһ˿εı飬ùһľоʦǾãľ˵
Ҷӽľ˸Ūһϣû˸ͬľ˰һλöãγһ󷨣ľ֮ӦǸͨŶݼ׵ĸ֣ϻҪϢ
-------------------------------------
ùţС˵λľ˵Ĵ޼Ժӡ
ʣ𣿡ߵߵŻ˳ƴ򿪡¼˻һۣǰ
ľ˵ģϰ𣿡ʮ㣬ɤŴ󵽸ڶȻӦĳ˷紵Ҷ
ſţҪȥơţֽǰ
߽Ժӣû̽˼ҵмǶԺվһȦİ˸ȸľʮ졣
ʦƣⲻǷŴİľ𡣡ɣվһϿšֵľǰľ˵ļȴľͻȻһ⣬ζɣĴ
˻~ɣʹ֣Ứľôṥ˰
СװŪСʰ
С
Ҷӻ䣬鲻а˫ؽʤаľȥȻմսľɣ׵˳ؽֱӴݵֱۣǽһˬûס̱ڵء
Ҷǰס飬ֹٴνΪ⡮ľڰжӦ׵磬߲֪ʹ˺ֶڴ˵ֱӽӴԽӴܵ
˸ȥһСľôаţ˿϶ҲʲôöҪȻȥɡճԹĳʱЩˣɵغȴײˡ㡱ľˡ
ֻ㡱ľԸһһ쭷ӿ֮󣬾һڰա
ʲôǿ취ͣ鱻ڰУ½Ҳһ𣬼۽С
ż״ųһţ롰㡱ľпյĸס÷Ƽ˲佫鳶˦һԿյϡ
ȿȡȿȿȡܵؿȳڻңûü˵ʲô㡱ľѾڸﴵηΪûֹͣΪʧĿֻ꣬ܳŵǰֱֱͷ磬ԭֹġ롱ľ˴ա롱ľӦ𣬻˳ӵղŵġľߣľ˱Ǻֻ̼ܵʹûдҲԺ׵硣һʱ仹Ƿ紵ǣ
ý۹סƽٶ֮ֹˮܲ͸磬Ҹ˷׵Ϯ
״Ҳѧŷŵģ۲סʤа˫ס˴ȦĻǵӺܿ콫Žճƶ˿˿׵˳¶Ľһ·ֱۡ
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΢ҶɣˣǶܼľ˵ʮǱ
ȥǰ취
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ʱĶֵÿľ˽ʲô֣ҶӺһһľ˵עһͦԾҶ߽ס
𡱡㡱롱ľЯŸڣҶǣסһߺһߵðǰûľˡ
Ҷӻ䣬һʯӱСľ˾еġľԭһֵ裬еʮֻ̤֮ԭֹСףͻȻϸγһɹСȪСȪûѰĿ꣬۳˴Ȫɹ赲ľǰķͬʱûɢĻ𻨡
ˡľ˵赲ʱϢʱ䡣
ˣǸʲôԭһǱĳ飬һͷҷĻңϹõްСģȴһúصɴ۾
ЩľϸԴŶӦȻ֮ƾԽƷǲҵͣǵĻأֻǱ˴֮˵ԭǣơҶһ߷ٽͣһСıܹޡľߣԻվԭصļ˺ǸϿš㡯ֵľˣֻ
ηŲ轣㿴ˣҶߣҶ˵һʯȺС㡱ľ롰ޡľˡ㡱ľתδ쭷һſؽҶӻڻ룬һСɽҶӱѹȣǡķһ㱻СɽСҶŷӦ죬˫۱ס˵֮ƽĿյϡ
ޡľܻһ˻ߵСɽ׷ЩСɽ·ڵص³˽һǰҺ޹ɵƶ㡱ľ˴ķ˴롣ʱ㡱ľһľż־Ѱޡľ˵ķλչ֮С
һԵġ롱ľ롰ľ˲֪ʱѾ౧סһ𣬻ѱȫ𣬵ֻʣСȪľ˻ҡ𶯣Ϊǻرصˡ
ףľ˺ŶʱΣյĳȻ󱻲֪ʱսġľһԴĵ硣

ʱ˸ľ˱ĸǣƣֻһжΧ޵ġľʱΪ塣
ҪǳʩչṦɵߣһϵؽ
żһͷͱըģ֪˴γ˲ٿͷҶ֮һ񣬶Գ˵ͷСĵ㣬ƹЩľԭ·ء
һۣ˶˸ۣСıܿľ˲ǽӴȻǸߵſڣҲ֪ȵʲôأ֮ǰŵĴͻȻϡͬʱ֮ǰ˶ļľյʲôָƵģԭؾֹ󣬸˻سʼλãϵɽʯˮнҲȥ
ʲôǲȵرջˣһֹ۵
ûô򵥣㿴ǰ档Ҷӿľ˵ķɫࡣ
˸ľԭվûͻȻͬʱһ켣˶ǰУľ˽··˳֣ʯߵټһԵͼͼϣ˸ʮҫ۵ĹΡ
λСѺñ£ܴľ˵֮ȫˡԻǰɡһ׷׵ߴ߳ǲεĲԾ
ǺˣΪҪڴ˴ΪѣŻͬǰ
Ǻˣǽ˴ΪãһǮؽСڴ˴͡׷ֺǺǵʱվڰͼ롣
͵ķʽر𡣡鲢֪ʱԼһʲôʮֲƴֵļǮֻҪȽľ˳ȥȻʵشǵ⣬СԸ˫
С˵ЦˣǸǮý򲻵ġ˵ŴӡǬľͷһֱֱȺȥ
ģųֽס֮˵ĹȻֻǿʼݷ֮ԴԴϵʩչǷŽտҲΪ
һԵĳҲûţ˫ս׷ţ佣ţƾʤаؽܻ¼ĹơֻԴԴϵǰȴƱˮн
һڽ׿㣬Ⱥ棬ġ
˵ĲγһʮǿҶɣ΢޷
֡Էŵ书ô챻ѹˡ
սֹۣҶӶż˽֮ƣЩߣľڸҪʤ
ľɰضĹ켣ڳߣһһظհ
ϵķ˻ڼ֧ţ޷ҶӺòҵԴСʯͷŰᶯ£ʮֳһԵɣһ𣬽Щʯͷ׽ǸȦ
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ðɣڲǸ̾ʱҶָӵǸͼıϣסľȥ·
顱һʯͷУõڡľǰе·ϡľǰ谭δõµָֻܻеزʯͷϼԭ̤Ķ
ȦĹâһ֣߼״ջʯͷ顣ͬʱһʯͷУεסǡľˡ
ɣʽ㾫ʵСһʱʯͷٶ߻ʯͷٶȲ¡価ڵһʱʯͷľжܵܿһײϣȦٴα
˿϶ǰֹˮֱʤаȴרɨ̡
߼״ֻܷʯͷά󷨵ͷ˵ĺϻۼһ˵Խ׳һԵġľͷǰȥըһƬ𻨣鲻ò
߲սҪûܣȴͬһƬըԼűߡ֮ǰսҶӳǸո֮ʱ˽ѧ߷ǰӡľͷǰ
һвڵʯ֮䣬û󷨼ӳֵߴӸղŵѹ֮Ʊ˱ѹ
ӦĳսƽԭصߣʤаĲϣһͷҷɵķʮڣʵشǵ˰ɡ
߿һ۳飬뻳ľˣȴۼֱֿӷסѨ
ſŲܶߣڷûãʲôС˼һգ˵ɣ˭ڴ˴Ըǵģ
¹ȻֶΣûһ˼Ĵ񡣡ͳȴߡ
˭˵ڳĴԺߵݶϿһŻ۵ĸߴˣ˼ϣһֻɫĴ
˶˵ĿЦȲҽˣǺܿ컹ټġ˵ļϵĴ
õָХһչֱߡ̫޴ĳȵһԵķϣƬë֮䡣
һĻͻȻϰԵغһӦʱ˫צס߼ڿշڵݶ
ż׷ǰȴͻȻһƬɢȥֻƼеСƵ㣬ԼĪ˺ʹıӰ
ÿ
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˴޼Ժ֮ʵЩĶǣһ˻صջʱɫѰȴ˷ܣ˯⡣
ǰһˮ๾ֱӺȵ˰ðβŷӿ湻аţǲһ죬ȹ˹£Ҳ֪滹Щʲôڵǡ
ҶӿųǱҵͣѵС㣬Ҫȥϴһ£
˴ûоӣ˳ҶӵĿ⽫һͷҷڶ󣬾ǿż̸أô
Ҷˡһۣ龡ɤӣðɣһ⼸շ£ɽׯİԾѰҺͼӸԴϽ¡˵֪ǵļƻˮ򡣻ˮڵؿͼ֮أ˴˾ͨŰԲֵ֣ǶԷȴר̳Ƕǻûκʵж֮ǰԷȴƺѾǰԤ֪ǵ뷨
㻳ɣ˺ͽһģ˳ҶӵĻӵ
Ҷҡҡͷֻ뵽һֿܣԷֻðǽ֣ҲطѹôԶҲпܣⱳֹһɣĻ͸ˣж֮˶෽ע⡣ǴӺʱʼעǵأ
Ż᲻ǵʱǵļƻ۾ȥѰҺͼʱڳĳˣдׯŮǿǿڳ֤ų
ԹӺ˼ͻȻµôܻҵΪɽׯׯҲܼԵ
ˣ
Ȼǳׯ˶ûҪڵĴ㣬Ҷֻ
ŷĵظǾͺãһϢӦþͲʱй¶ȥġ
Ÿո˵ڳĻŮһٸҵˣɣ̲ס廰
ˣȸղŻ˼˼һǹȵӣòƸ֣Ǵæôһɣף˵ݺݵصŷţ·˶ôʮ¡
ʼ磬ν׺ݵģôңֻû˵һ
ɫЩŭδִָԵҲԣƾջʵ˾ǲԡ
ʵˣҶҡҡͷԲˣȲ̸ˡʵոշŵĻ©һϢȻʱʱֻˣǻԺУǷڣ˶ڰȥҲǲܡ
صͷ˵˶ڰǵļƻȥ֪ǵжһˣԹȻѰ˾ͨŰ֮뽫׽סʵʩǲɸ˵Ŀġ߼ͨ˳˵껹һԼ
˼һģһۣûгϡ
С˼άֱֱ
ĹҶͷϣСеǱ֮һûе֣϶ٳֵڶΡ˵Ǻܿ컹ټġ֪֪˰սʵֻǶԷϵõҪģͬʱҲҪϵϢ֮֮ԱЪ죬ȴǡ
Լõ֪֮ͬУסͷԶԶԣСôģ⼸ǾϳԳԺȺ棬񣬵ʱ˭һ仨ˮ
ʱһֹ۵ҲͦҸġ
ⳡսС˵˼ȴгشһ£á
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ڻˮס£תۼ䵽ڡ
ˮмϣ顰սһ磬ô˴λ̼ҵϲһԵλͬ飬ϡѹ˴ССİ
⼸ҪĶҰվһӻڣʮضϰָӵ
֡ռʶλڸڵ̵׳٣ϰֵñȳ黹Ҫ졣
˵ʿɶֹϹİһķ޿̵˵õ䣬ôɽˡ
鿴ţԷѵø߸ߵİסһСֻһұĵĻ㣬Ļаƽ׿ģЩؽӹϲڰڣһһεڣȻúúòˡ
һһεĻжڣԪڣڣڡһʱҲ벻ģ׺ݵѰ˼ҹڶûƴ󡣡
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Ⱥ£ղǼҵôû˵
Խһӻķ˾ѯʵЩһѡ˵Ŀ˵顣
ԣǮǮ³
ӻƵĶܿ죬˸ջصջûãһѲɹͽ
ȻԼˣǰѻСɽĻŻ̲סüôණǰѿջԼ𡣡
һ԰æ˵Сڵûû⣬Ǹջһֱּù˿ͱ飬͹پܰС굱Լ
ǣǸջּһһ䡣
ֺǺǵظСһӣ˸Ĵָ
һԵҶûвﰵﻥɰϷĬĬһ԰æյġս񲼡±߹ʽӦоУֻǡ
С㣬ôдҶ˵չһɫĶдšشطã˼ϲ¶ࡱûŪĻ˰ɣ
ʱһͨɨĶῴôϸӻǰѹĴȫɨ˻ȻΪɨĳ鱾ˣزܳԼ˼ô޴¡
ţҿӹҶеĶɷнµֶɡʵܳҲԲǴ㿴дġáϲ¶࡯ǶǵףԸǺжһ˳ɹ˵ǿԲء
侹˵Ϲ֮ˣĬĬ˸ۡ
ҶԵ˵ͷݸһԵķţС˵ȻˣǱ㽫ϰɡӸߣȥŶɡ
ŽӹСһ䣺͹ɡ


42 ƶ
ֺſͷǰϲĶ, ԲԵϲۣĿ˶פ̲סۡ鱾˶ԴЧʮ⣬ŶƵ, С۹ǲ
ɨʱûĻѹ
Żص, ָһʳĵС, Щʳġ
һ¡ϷţѵǴһڣС³һӲǳС磬鷳ȽЩʳİһð졣
ǰ¹ʶķһɵ
ǰûйձСãһ׸ǡǿҸոջרôʳ, һһĻ䡣ʳף
, ȷʵһĻ䣬ǲҪĻء
һһ¶ɫҶɣ, , ̾˿СЪŰɣյĳҡ
ôС鵱֣СӲʹԼ, ˵³³, Ǿڴ˴ٺúòһųֳɵľͺá
, Ӳʹ, ԸղŰǹҳ˭
ҶڷűǰСⷬǶܸжֻǡЩʳô, ֻһ˴µ÷ϲʱ䡣ʱ򲻽㣬ǻöŶӵȴҲϣһĵһڼжȹɡ÷һ𣬸֣һЧչǸЩ
ң֣
ǸӲӣҶСȫܾˣοԷ˵оݣֹȫ˴Сӡֻװ˼Ƭ̱ͷСҶ˵öԣǾһְɣɲܳСĺŶ
صų飬Ҷ߽Сסָ˻Ρֻôһ΢СĶԹ粦Ƽɢ
ջС
ֳһѲ˵ŰϻĻһأСĳ֮·ȴ㿪ʼ˵һ䣬澫׼㡭βϡ
ſűQø㣬һĲֱӣ˫ָ£һոջڵβ£漴ڰһ
С㣬벻ҪŰɱʳġ˵˳߳Ĳ˵ظ㿪ƶǡ
˶ѣҲҪڹ
һĹ򣬷ѽȥอƬһƬƬƬԼĿģǰͷţִòȸɣСġ
û˵һԣؿݡ
鷭һҳʳף˵ȹ𵹻˳齫ŵ̨ϼƬ̣漴˹һͣôֱӳеȥ
͡ȴܳΪ˶ܽ䣬Ṧ
Ÿһξ붼ܿǷɽĲһ̨߽棬˿˻
ʳ϶ûд̾Ϊֹؿһǰǿ϶ļ򣬡СʽΪ˴ĸҪúñŶ
С󣬳ŽյĳľţµιҽȥĶаĵ滹ųԷءûУ쿪ţ书˲𰡣
ջԺ
ΪСʵ̫࣬˵ĿͷҲ꣬ɣʣһ˿ջԺ
ɣԺǿջĹû𣿡ҶһϵɣЩɵ
İɣгСڣ֤û⡣ɣԼĽʾҶһԺ޲ǰæС硣
ҶƼСһЦݲõģȷʵӡ
С磬æȥɣԼͿˡҶӶСɲô־ǽӡ
ʦҲҪ𣿡ɣҶԣȡһСݵҶ
˴ֻˣҶǲɣһæǰæֽӹЩطҪң
ǱǸߵϻǿŵġ
ҶӸɣָķʩչṦһԾɵջߴϸϸؽϣ˸ÿ̤͡ϱƽ⣬δüúһԼĽͻȻһӿ׵ҴȻֻǶݵһ˲ҲϢȣһģˤֱֱ䡣
ʦɣ״æǰסҶӵļ򣬲ܽӴ
Ҷ˳˿ƼɣһĵģûµģǸղʩչṦЩŤ˽š
ŵ˵ССɣղſ÷Ҷӷֱϵǿ̶һֱúõģͻȻƵʧȥ˿ơ
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ðɣȲʦӦңҪоκβʣҪҺ𣿡ɣʱͦҶӵģǼСģȴҲܲµġ
Ҷûüش𣬱ԶһʮŮ
ԭﰡֲҸÿ䷿ﶼҲˡǰһСһܣԺװòϲģڵķΧ
ڵķΧǡϲ
ҶƼ飬һɨղЩص飬ЦСôˣղҪ𣿡
ỹãһ³һķ߷߲ƽ˵ˣͷǼһСĽΪͺ˳ҿǳλԽ˵Խίмָ״ļơҲ֪ΪʲôܾǰСסŵı£֮ǰһʱŶʵʵɶɶյûһŶλǰ
÷һٺˣҲֻǰλСˡ
ҶЦ£Ķô״λأǶ֪ӲɹÿһΪһֲٰ죬е㶼ôˣɨβֺˣҪǹµ
Ҷһóһϳķŭί»ָ˻ŵģһСᡱһºԵ˵ûСΪǵеÿΪͬʱҲӦøбֵĻᡣŰɣЩұԽǹҳÿͣ
С㻹һʮּ򵥵ء


43 
ó, Ҷӽ岻Ȼط䣬ʵջС
ҶƼǰŵľţԺֳ︡ŵĺԼԹ, ͡Цֱľ, ̽Եؿ¡
ˣŽһ߲װ, ݺݵǲģҪңҾ㳢ֹˮ͸ǰһ
ôף
ҡҶӵᣬһɽŮӰϸᡣ
Ҷӵӷ£һԾſڣľ˳Ʊ
ã˸ճ, ҳζȡһ˫ӣһ˵ݵҶ, ú͵Դʱ޶㡣
ҶˣĵؿζܰɲΪ͵Ե, ô, һ˻æùɣ
ڳæͷķߣãٱȸղ˵ʱɶˡ
, ұҪһæ, ҾæȻô࣬һȥˣҶô˵, ŲȴûҪ뿪˼
, 𡣡ϰסҶһֻ֣㻹æ, ȻǽûʱԷˡ
һ׵İ֣Ч˲١
Ұӵĵһ¡
ҪþˮһȥǱߵĻ𡣡
ŹΣҲʵһ㡭ѾŪˣ

һжɵؽţſڣҶӱ㽫ֱĻƶˡ˸ղŵƻСԱȣһ˲оӵá
һ˳ɹ¶Ц⡣ٿһԵҶӣ֪ʱ̼ŪһٲȻһֻ̰һҵСè
𶯡Ŵʱû־ô׵õҶϵĺڻҡ
ȵָĲϸϣҶӾЩһСƼűȾڵʱĪЩ죬СԺӦõˣȽ̲˶˳ȥ
-------------------------------------
ҶӶŲ˳ʱɣѾȫĵԺӡҹĻ٣һССĵɢȻɫĹ⣬ԺӶȾһůɫʡ
ȻԳУϵÿһСһڲͬͣȻûܿǵǰĸʲô״
СҶӣ㲻ڷϢôŲˣǼһ˽ˣ꣬ƽ˫꣬߷ߵ˴
ҶӶŲ߽ȻҸմӿͷ·ʱѾˣſæ꣬ȶ˹ˡ
ԭˣãһ±СĽ˼򵥵ĳ飬ױҶⷬ˵ǣδע⵽ӿͷԺʵҪָԺӵĵֻĿȸչʾԼĳɹ
õģҶӽ̲˷ʯϣһšʮŤĵССһǳСֱʰɣã
۹⡣õ佱ĳȻʮֿģתһ룬ƺﲻԡǸšá
⡭ίʵе
ҶӲټҲ£ֻ˳źߵ飬ҪĲζ񣬳Сšʻ֮УھǺֶⲻҪ
ŶŲ߽Ժʱ⻰һĲֱӣĵСѾͷϴһˣʵ̫ˡ
ּȫʱССһ¡ΪɽׯĴС㣬ûټʳϷɵģεģֻҪ룬ȫֻǸо⣬ʶĺѾǸ˲¶ġ
ʲôľͷ
ԹյҶɣʱѼֲ֣ʮذꡣ
ͬǶôȻ벻ֳܱһûӣǰһʯϵĲȣһͷη縱ûйıֻᡣ
ֻһ۰׸飬ûר־Ҷʢ
һϾ͸ͯûǳС㣬ϰǡ
ҶЦЦùλͬһǴŹǣλˣ˼ѽڣһɲܹʳ
ɣѰţʦ˵ûҸջСҪһƣǱһúһ
ʲôƣһĳ۾һ͵˲ִȻսϣͱһˮ滻ǰľˮ
ˣ˺ȾƣȲ衣
鵱ˣʲô˼ǲǻģ
ûʲô˼ֻǽղչˡһˡɫĶƱһڣţζпɡ
Ҷ֣ﲻ֪ôͻȻһ仰ҹݶˣҲ֡Ʊֲ
ƳҶӵĹǣƱǰƣ޷ٺڲµġ
԰˫ϵĳˣûǺһǵһμȰƣѵСҶӾܺã
Ʒܺá
ʲô˼˵ҾҲͰˣҾƷоԼʱ·ͳһֻࡣ
һеġסŲû⡰ࡱ뷨ȥҶӴߵľգʮȻ˳Ϊ֮
ҶӵĶһºˣȻȴûܵĽڡ
ôÿζȻǣˡ
³˲ˣһ˫Բ۾һգգͬ΢ˣ̲סø첲ײײһԵɣصûзʲôŹ֣
ʲôŹ֣ɣרĶԸǰĲȣ룺һһէĲĹŹ֡
ĴսɣѹֵֹģҪ֪Ůӣȥ̸ֱ˵
ɣͣ˿ӣһ۶ڵͷв˵ķҶˡ
һ˱ͽС㣬Բˣٺ˼롣ɣü
װвˣ˼ȴһֱڲϡ񣬼ʹѹǽ˵ĶԻһûвֻ۽һͬв˵ҶӣӣҲαװ
ҶûзôõУǺ۵磬ȴϻƵоǻصһǰ˷ǿջҹ
ֻˣС뱭Ѱ
һƽ˳ţֳ˳Ҷӣٳ˳ɣ˳ԼǰĲˡڼвˣܾﲻһﲻһأ
úõ磬ͻȻͰġ
ɣƱٵ룬Բȱֻؽҹ濾꣬һͬһɡ
ҶҲƱڷŵĿвξ˲豭ıĴ졣
Ը˳á
ǧﹲ濾ꡣ
ڿ֣


44 
ù, ʳǽյԵʣҹĻˮǰնࡣˣˣģϷ, С˵, ʹҹҲԾǳ
鰮, ÿնᵽĳ档ʹѾȹôգҲ˿ֵ顣
⻴ˮϷƽǵˣģͦһ
Ŀӷ·ķҶŲĿɣӲקһڱϷӡ
һֵģոջŵ飬գۼʣķҶˡ
˸żľ룬ͬزЩӵĽֵ, İΧЩ롣
ʲôҶ䲻ڣתͷһԵķš
, ˾ǰһ佭ݳʱЩơֻ˵ʱ, ֵͨúƽ͡
˵ɽҹҶ, ʱһƯСء
Կáźһ, ǿɻǵһյӻơ
ҶӼģ, ̲סҲһյôãҺҲһֻľ, ܷ̽·, û㡣
ҵȻǵֻľǿҵġٱءŲԾٱҧرء
, ϤˡҶЩ򴽣Ҳǡǲǡ
ûеҶӼҽڣǵյңһȤңʱ˵λСŮӣʲô⡯ǻǳúܡ
ôˣæ磬ٻصݳǣػѰλС㡣Ҷӿķǵ
ҶλС㲢ޱ뷨ҡŻ䣬ȻһĻЯŷ缫˶ʶأһȦסҶתһַ϶ס
㻹ðɣ
˼ͬ
ҶӱŻȻãȻš
֡ҶӲҶŷ֧бڰлֻ֣ܵѹžС
ҶһѣŲŲԼŵֻأһʱЩʹϾ
ӵüΣղδȫĻԾ˴ĵƣԼǱġ
ԲסԲסһûܺãͽʱ̯ææؽط
һֻڵԽţ϶ǹЩֽȣûгϡﻩһصĲҾ
û°ɡ̯ߵŸǰǸ⡣
޷´ΰ̯ҪСһЩתʰϵȣ˳ֹڻϡʱпҶӣ㲻Ϊ̼ܵһĺ
˰̯ʰãٴ̤ڻˮʯ·ϣԾЩ¡
˳˳۵ֱۣοģĶôù·ÿܶ
䣬顱һһܵǰ·롣

е˵ȷЩԤϵġ
ҪȥݶáҶһ顣
⡣ʵ޳ɡ
Ϊ˲գһ˵СݶķӶƬһŲȥλƵġ
ûɣòҷ㡣ſݶʱһҶӣһֻ֡
ʱҶסΣδץŷŵ֣ЦݶС˼书ʽ㣬Ṧ㲻
ðɣջ֣ҲĲҶӵṦֻЩϧ
ʲôȻһǴĹ𣬲أ˭ȵǴ˭ӮݶϵոһҶӲ˿ɫƮʡһ¶ŵŮʱԡɷ
áſǰԡŹŮ΢
һʼҶӻ䣬һֻӣżƬݶϷɹ
Ż񣬿ѾܳһصķɫӰڿգ˫ҡڣ׺չᣬ
ҹУһһӰ˸ֻЦıԣȴܾѵҹܵһ˿졣
˴һݶϷԾƬ߶δ̤䡣
Ҷһ㴦һһڴ˴ȥƼʫԵɧͣŪŮӡ
Ҷ£ԸķӮˣûвͷ
ŶոֻӮñȻ˶ͷоÿŶ
˭˵ûвͷˡҶӲĵո˵ˣһ롣
˵˱ûˣαԾˡżҶһؿ˼ڤ룬ⶺ
㣡ôô֣ڵĶ˿һ㡣
ҶӵŷţĹĵ˵ȴͻȻƼһ¡ű̹ǰ
ͷɻϲ
ŵͷһʣҶګګ̧ͷ⡭
ͷҲ̫˰ɡ
żҶûжסոڼϵĻû˵꣬˵ǡҶλС㲢ޱ뷨õ㡯
Ǳװɣ
ҶŽߵƯ޵һʱǧҲһʵĴʻ˿̵˼롣
֪⻰˵ЩͻأҲһʱѪȻֻദ˼£ȴѾʶ˺ö꣬ĸоǰδйǰδ֪·գҲźҵ⡣κѡҶԽܡаõĸףһؾ˵˳ⷬ˵̹ȴ̲ס
ҡҶ޲ԼԷŵ˼Сö࣬˼أҲࡣֻٶ˼ǣ֮˺ޱ˵ŶԼϲʱ㶼ͳͳ߽⡣
Ҳ㡣
ҶԼĵ
ŵ
Ҷ˵⻰ƺûһս壬һ¶ﵹڣҪҵһ㹻ƥ֮š
ſҶӵ˼Цᣬˣ֪⣬ʵڸ֮ǰѾҶˡ˵ǣֻ¶ҷֹ֣ˮϲŵ׽롣
⽣ʲôʱ˶
ҶӵƤſ˼Ӳ˭˵ǸǶˣǲǿĳ˱СѵСˡ
ȴǣôܹôͨء
˽ҶӵӣԾһЦģͨˣҵ֮ȻǶ
ĶˣⶥҶӺһ
׹ķ¸Ӵ󵨣һסҶӵҧŶ䣬ڱ㺦ߣպ֮ʱָôأ
ʲʲô˼άǲЩ̫ˣԸղǸһ˵šźκѡ񶼿Խܡ˭
Ҷһĳ˼ҸոǲǡӦ̫ˣ
һ룬ϴг˼
Яᣬɢȥȴˡ


45 
Ӧһ, һյɢ΢Ŀƻӵһ˺𣬵д˷ŵ˵ԸҶ΢̧, ñƼǾ䡰ֻԧ첻ɡ
ŲҶӵķ, סĺ, ļȡš
ҶֻоԽϡƷŵļ򣬲ָָա
㿴Ƕ
ŵҶӲĶ䵽ձߣ˳ҶӵȥƼ˿ϵǾʫ
Ӧв˻ڽ߷ŵƣҲȥ𣿡Ҷߣ̵
šҶͷձߵůĶһ⡣
յ, ǣҶߣѰźʵķŵ֮, ȴƼϤס
鿴Ҷʮָ۵֣ĵ֮ǰֻǲǰ, Ѿǣһ, ˻ᡣ
ۣøոɣĴѰ, ߶, ԭǾԸŵңˡ
ųͬſƵĳɣĳ˻еġĴѰҡлɡ
С, , һŵưɡҶǰһĺӵƣдԸ𣿡
һѽӵƻڻ, ŵдˣɲ͵
ģҲ͵վҶӵλãֻϡƼӵСڵ㣬СкܶԸ
Ѱһӣܼ˳ٵһΪĿյء
ˣǱŵưɡ
齫ĿƵȼգȷ߶ȲƼʱŷĵﵽڵдֵλͬ̽ͷ̽Եǻддʲôأľͷдϣƽɣ
ųó鲻ʯӷֱгѨѨոջ˶ද֢ĳ˱άһֵƶԭء
վһ㡱רעڵд֣ͷҲ̧
ŵƵøպãյŸԵԸĿƻϿУѨҲ˳Ƴ忪
תЩ۵ĸ첲ǰһֻĺ࣬۵ľͷ
ꡭС㣬ԸҶָָɵߵյڳĿƣѵ
ŶҪԵԸȻһͲˡ
˲ֹ˫ֺʮŰеյƣٵĬϣһذ̣ϣɽׯò˥ϣлԺһͬȥ棬ϣ
ָֻ˰Ҳ˿յԼĿơ
ԸгһѰˣһ塣
ԸаƲء
Ը껨ƣɡ
-------------------------------------
ӽ߻صջıؾ֮·ϣٴ·֮ǰڹľĴ޼Ժӡ
֣Ժôй⣬ϴӵ˼ҲѾץ𣿡վſڣһֲҽģ
վԭأ̽ڶ
˵ز飬ȥҶӼͬ
֮ǰڴ˴ԹĳԵͷܣȴһű¶欵ĵŮײš
ǺǣСѾͷԵǺܸҾ˵ô鷳Ժֱ˲ͺˡŮ˿һĸŮӣ⻰ȴǶű˵
Ķ˶һһס翹սĸ׳˳طϻֱӿɡ
ޣôԺսǿ˵ġһӴأļվһֻݵĴϴԺдϴ޵һֻ
⼸˶ԻȡϢ֮ǰ˵ܿ컹ټ桱ָ֮ǰֻƾһ֮㽫ϴ޴Ƥ´ߣֶ֣ʵ൱ս׶༪١ոǸͷ˱ޡǰ¥ĳϲСߵĺŮӺʹĪͬΪϵҹ¥ޣ
֮¿ֲ򵥡սҶӵ֣ʶػǰ
ŹĻɼ˴ʱվ˸ǰǲؽţǽǰֻΪһˣλСָűŻҶӵҼλССһ裬Ž
롣ŷֳֹˮϸĽ¹º
ҲòˣǿִⲻϣҲֻЩǿӲֶˡɼ˸ֵƣϵĴֱֱȥ
żʶı£иһֹˮԡ̡֮һȥ
ȴƾþս۷ʹĽУͣų򽫷糾˷ȥ䲻ˣȴʮ㡣
ɼǰֿȭŵäȥ޴˫ȭһʮ
űƵýڽںˣҲʤаҪ֧ԮȴһԵĸͷеס
СѾͷ档
ʤаǾǧսҲضáͷнһսӵû磬ӼĽ쳣˷ܵõĹ⣬ԽױЦԽ죬죬ô򲻾ͺˣҪʲô
˷ܵЩؽסµսϺ¡̫Եˣ
һ±ʮֽƣҶɣղóȻ֡
ҶӿųսˣɫǴδйĵǣʱԷֻˣӦԵʮֳһԹսĺŮҲ֡ɺƧСûκɽṦôѧôʱһæﲻϣ
һ£ۼɼָŴҪԷչһֵĹƣҶӼ
ȻϵսûΪĳƬ̡
ҸߣҶ⻰ǶһԿϷĺŮ˵ģֱŮһĻȨ
ԣһֱעҶӵķתͷĻɼһĵڵء
ͣŮһ仰˵ЩС
˵ŮһҶߣιζġһִҶϣһ˰Ĺƻ󣬡Ըͣҡ
ÿ֣ųŽӵվһھʵСſȳѪѪ˲òֽŮ˴Ҷϵƴȥ
ӴӴӴסŮ§סҶӣֵһԵݶԿѪۻһ뽫ԼٵķЦҲϲŮӶ֣ڡ˵˾Ͳˣ֮죬ǰδ
븫ͷм״Ҳٶ׷׷ݶṦԶŮӣж켣ɼ
ŲĻ׷ȴΪ˼֮ģһӾͲ˦Զ
ǻǰң
׷˵ĳ鿴ͻȻڵϵķţһʱЩ
С㣬Ƚ̧ؿջҶӵı°ɣȳ鵣ĸǴʱΨһǵˡ


46 ħ
Ŷһ԰С, оƺᣬͷƼͯС첲Сȡʼʶ˴ƽʱܵͬڤڤȴһʹǰ
԰ʮϤ, ʹΧû, Ҳ֪ĸǰ
ǰһŹ͢Ů޽Ż֦, ſŻŮӣһǿҵϤСվŮûжȴŮת¶һºա
йԹĸԵĹ𻨸⡣ŮЦ̣в֪ʱһ̣ʢžĸ㡣
ĸС鲻Խǰۿסĸ, ǱӰȴͻȻĭɢ
һת䳡
һССİͷ, ʮְڴ˴һ˵ҪӮ˵˽н㡣
ҲŲСӴ
Сô˵, ȴʮֳʵسľ, һеơ
ȣ

ССӰʮ棬һ, СžȻӮˡһִδй˷ܵĸо
Ӯ, οԹԹԽн˰ɡС𽣣ȥȴڿҪӴʱ, ոջʮİӻһŹɢȥ
Сһ˿ֻ, Ҫ뿪ǰһС·Ҳû˳ǰͣܡڱܵĹоԼڲͣ, ֫ۿɼٶڳ鳤ľҲ֪ʱ˷ޱȵֹˮ
ǰľİвٺ˴Ĵðɷ˵ؾҪȡԼʶذνսеɨǰһϰȴҲͬʱֱ塣
ʵۣȴͻȻʧȥǰе岻ܿƵص¡һŴֲѵСԼߣؼԼСĵԼҩ죬ȴ޷
ģҽŮӣԾƼӣҲڡСŷŵһֻ֣ᰲο
ƺֻҪһ˲䣬Сĳ÷һɨ֮ǰĿֻãȻһֻһ
ߵСߣȴСĵرӴ㣬Ժһֱһɺã
ȻˣҲ㡣Сش
˴һʱĳһʹɽȹɳĮӣ͹ǳ۹ճһгСӶӣԿ֯
Ǳʶһ߷ţֻҪӴһֱȥ
Ȼһ죬ɱһȺˣ˾Ϳ顣СҲĻб̴ûзôǿĻָֻһ˲ѾһϢ
СѾͷϤĿ־ͷŴʱܲ˵ؽסС壬ȴûκʵʵĽӴУССڷŵĻƬ
Щ쵰ңĺ⣬šоӡƵֹˮʹްĶһʱΧʬҰѪɺӡ
-------------------------------------
ңֺſͷڴϵķŻһһҹϲͣ飬һֱͬһ仰
ôˣ֮ǰ˵ֻЩˣô״̬Խˣ鿴ģʮֲζ
֮ĴҲǵһƼôֵ֢״˲ϵĺظλŮϵȷֻЩˣƺʲô̼ħģҲνĲ
¹ʲôҩ˶ˡǸӵģֲǴ򣬸ԭʲôá
ʮΣҽֻҽλߵ塣Ĳҩҽ
Ҫбһҩŭߣڴϵķųüչʶô꣬ǵһμʧس
顣ͻȻһ
ˣ˭ţ
򿪷ţƼСһЦ͹٣㡣
ãһ۱㿴С˵λĹ룺ղԸôʵֻϧ
㣬ң䱻ҹһϵͻ״Ūʮƣڴʱ˿õĵı顣
С㣬Ҳ£Ҫҡûмƽϳִºţѩֱ
Сһ죺ô֪Ҫ㣿⻰Ҳ˵ֱ̫˰ɡ
ԣܴҽԱںҪҵİվԭɫøͲƵĳ飬ѩòٴѵ
ԭ˵ġҪ㡱˲Ұһ̣Ͼ˼ѩΪʲôͻȻڴ˴ΪλͻȻ֪˵£æؽ˷䡣
ŷŵɣʱ߻һˣɻŮ
ԵĻЩ˵ϵơѩŴߣֵ̽̽ͱǼĺʾԱ߹ĳ齫˷
ʱѩ˫ƽƣĵ÷ŵ³һѪ漴ʶۣת֮ơ
ľͷоôˣסţŵעϵı仯
˼ϢŲ۾˳ѵЩ磬һȦܣԼĳ飬СѾͷأ

û˵Ҳûʧ䣬ܿҹ֡׼뿪齣鷳СһЩֽʣҪдŸӥء
һ仰û˵꣬ͱһѰشϣҹЩ˵ټѴøɽׯȥ̽ˡ㻹ȺúùԸɣӣʲô
һѵ˵ԣȻŲ飬ֻؿ飬ۿᣬЩһ̣һ֡
Ůʱѩ˷ŵĻֻ֪ʱٶ༤һ̣һӢŵĿԡ㲻ϧԼ壬ڵ״ԼŵԼ顣
ߴߴ磬ѩһ仰ɹ÷ʱ
ſͻȻֵѩԼǰһ̵ĸܣתȭŮ֮ģ˼ˣ֣شл
⻰˵Щ̫ˡѩЦҡҡͷҸֻʩֶѹûƺϵˡǸڼҸ֣ûͨˡѺˡ
Ҫڹһֱһ˶ԻĳԸµ
ѩ飬Цݴһ˿磬СɼΣЩ򡣡
ЩʧĶǵǶſ԰ҵʦ˴Щ룬ľͷܳŵס𣿡˵⻰ΪԸǳڵġ
С㲻ġѩοţҸ˵Щ㲹Щ򡣡


47 
ڴ, ˫ĳϣڵľһ, ڵϢҷһȦ, תɢ֫ٺ, ѪҺһͬתһӯСİ£רע˹ϵƣʹɢȥתһ
֮ǰʱξٴγ֣ƼĸӺİСǻָģ䡢ҩƺûʵ壬ֻһʶξѲȻܹܵĴڣ΢Цųķ֡
ηûǰ, һжԼеĻִ־塣Ĭʦڵڹķ, ߡڣܳ˯ξ
ȣŽȫڹתһС, Ȼ۾
һֱԱ߻ĳ״ǰ, ľͷڸоô, ϻ𣿡
ǵһηѩһʱ, ѡȹűʾеж
ް, оƺøˡڹŹ˰ȦķŴʱ˵º, 豭ڹֻ֮ˮۿɼؿٷ
ʱͨѩҲչ, Ůⷬø˵ϵұ֮ʱ־ࡣ
Ů֮ڡѩһݵķ̬ʮϣʱ˵лԵ̫
ѩһȻƽǾ֮ͣŮعġ˷дͻƣҲԼ컯
˷Ƶһ÷Ķѩֱһ¸߶ȣʩᱲ֮ģ
ǺεؿޣȻƣصĺѡ
䣬һֻڴѡǰץӣȡ°צϵ
ɽׯӵţǲ鵽ҹȺǰķˡ
-------------------------------------
˵ͣʵԸⱩ¶ټҶӱŮ°ûã۾ϱ㱻һ첼
СҪһŶŻϲŮŵЦҶȴܵᵽΣյϢ
һԸŵİ޴ɤµҹϽ㣬㲻̫ʰɡ
ɵұ죡Ů˵Զǽɣƫƫֻ֪սļǲ֪ذסҹŭһֻС밢޿У޵ԭ
һųߴ󺺱һֻСڵûܣôһСľŮû¾Ͱ¹Ƶĳë
ˣҪһֱû֨¥޳Ȱ裬Ǵ˴˽жδȡ¥ǿЩѾͷڱ֮ǰһ
ҹ浹Ҳ밢ΪѣóһƬҶӷߴһСӣСָ׸ǴĹƳӰ޵Ŀ
Ҷܸо˶һЩ˸ոǸСһ·ǶٶԻæڸ·˹ʱͣ
Ҷ䱻ס۾ͨ΢εĲ̤ܲ³⼸ӦǽһҴϡܿ죬滺ƶĸо֤ʵĲ롣
ҴĴ󣬵ײƺж죬ҶӱãֱһԴζĿռͣ
Ҷǰĺ첼ȡߣ۱Ƽ˫۾붢Լ
Ӱ޵һ˫ͭ۾СѾͷȻʲôʵشʲôҪǸҲʵҾͺݺ㣬֪
Ҷӿһ۰ޣδֳϣĺ¿־塣
ҪŮôסҹǰһλ޸յҶӶߺԹԸ߽㣬ǶһĶ峤뿪ʱɻµʲô
ԭǰҴ˶һˣһͼעˣͲ֪߰Ծǲһġ
Ҷӿҹ棬ɫϴˣҲ֪ʲôһ塣
һ仰ĹҶӵĴڷתЩĿǰ֪ɣĶһˣΪʲôϳңԭʱö֪⣬̽̽˵
֮ǰÿһץĶһ˶˵ġ¥޵ûаָ飬ۿϴ޵İľϴʮ꣬кͼӵĶһˣûбױҿͻᣬԹЩҲʡνƤ֮ࡣ
ԭҶʵʵ˵ˣͨһ֮ˡȻ϶ǶһˣϿʲôһ˵ıǣǵɣ˵һϻаӡǣԼϲûӡǡЩ˼Ȼ˵ǰץһˣ֪ܲ㡣
Ҷ̹ȻģðЩɣǲץ˰ɣϵĺǡ˵űҪǰּ顣
ˡҹס˰ޣҸѾС̽ˣȷʵûС
öţûǻ⹦ץ¥ʲô鱨Ϲæһιɡ
Ȳؼҹһֱ۴ҶͷָʹһֻĴָָ׸ǴĹƳֱҶӿУһϵԵģС̽ԻСԡ
С֡ĹƳҶڣҶӵĴߡʱãҽֹƵҶӱʾСʹܷΧ֮ڣֻûãС֡굽Ҷӵĵ︽ߵĹơ
ĹмδҶӵ˲ʣ󶼱ǿѹȥ񱻡С֡ɧţֻڱ̵ɽҵض
Ҳֻ֪ƶЩʲôͨҶֻȣۣһǱ𿾣һѡĥУʶ˻磬֮ǰڹҽǶҩԡʱļƬٴӿԺһΣȴΪ
ԴıȺΡʵĹ¥ӳյĸѪһƴճҶ֮ǰļ䣬Щѱļ䡣
Щ·ϻַŵˣǵһ塣
Ƕٳ˵ķޣԼĸ
Ǹߣ¥ˣԼ壬Լĸĳˡ
ǸһԼ¾ߵŮӣԼʦҲԼĸ
ǸɫòµŮͯԼ÷ҲԼİˡ
ԭңǶһˡ
ԭǣǰʶˡ
޿ҹó˿ұҶӴĺ޷Ӧ˯ЩĵҹϽ㣬ƣŪ˰ɣ
㶮ƨҹ԰ɵר˵ļԣĶôҪ㵱㣬˻ɱˣġ
ǿ쿴ͷһֱעҶӷӦ¥޴ҹ滹δ˵ĳ
ֻҶӶһ⣬кɫİɫγһ״


48 Ӫ
ʱһСľ, һɽׯƶ棬ںСա
Ųʱվľ̲סƯô, ұСӰӶƲ, ȷ𣿡
ŮĪ, ǱڶԷĴϣӦûСĹ򣬱׷ˡƶɽׯӻش
׷žУγѵοģϴ֮ԻСҶӱץȥҪΪֲԷǶһӡǸɽׯȫǱȥˣ֣ͲŸ㲻ˡ
˵ѩĳҲǡô, ˵ǵˮһЩ˽£һ·л, иĽʿ˽˿ջֻȷҲС
ʶһ, ȻԵ, Ҳλһ֮ɡʱѩǵ
ʶѩֵķ˶Դ֮ãοｫѩԼˡ
ˡСľͣ, ľϵƼԶʹŵĴ󴬡
Ҵڶ˰, ֮ǰڻʱװ˻ȥģֻڻЩʱ򡣡ƶɽׯӽ͵
鿴ż, ȻǶ, 㲻±ֱ֪ɱȥˡ
һ¡֮ǰ޲ϷɵҶߵķ侲, ȻˣǻǽЩɣڼ֮ǰ벻ɵͻǺʱڣ
ƶó֮ǰ̽õְһС˰ʱ䣬ŷ׷ǱиĿӻ봬С
һ¸ˮײڴһǣ֮ǰƶĵӺܿƾԼź봬ϵͬϡ
С㡣Сϡɽׯӳһ񣬲˳ѯʣĵ⣺ڴϸ̽ˣҶﱻѺһ䷿ɶԷͷĿʣŲɿֻǰĴӵӣҪʵϸЩԷȴ˵ˡ
СѾͷֻΪ˰ͬһ·ԷŪộץĲɽׯĳ飬ҲǶһɣȴƫƫǳʲôĿģ
ʣȴҲ׿ѯǰɽׯӲܵõҪĴ𰸣ǵ鷳ȥǹ˵ĵط
ڰϵĴ£˱ܹϵĶĿֻ˵ײѶ丽һ·϶ʮСҲǺЩආֻǲǰͷĿӰӪȼƻ
ɫŵǼ䷿
Ŵ׹һǽǰУϽ֮ǰǱһۣǷűˣֻ;¥޳ʱ򿪹һΡ
ŲԶվӣӦרڴ˴˿
Ǻ󷽣Ҫ֪һƽΣȴһֹƣɻ󲻽ǽߡ
˵ʲôվӵλãŶϸš
һվãʮĵŸ첲˶һԵͬ飬ʲôôͷλһ֡ȥˣǴ粽ȥéȥˡ
˵ɡһĴţһιץ㣬ŴʱԼƼһۣСͷһȭͷĺҲ֪һ塭
ǣ

ɣһȭͷӱһߡ
һ˴м츳Ѫϻӡǡóڶͷϣǡ͵ŮӣԼͬͬһˡ
ôˣܵͻ仯鲻Ե
û¡ʱǽ͵ʱ򣬷ǿԼ侲¥棬Ҵϴ඼ǵˣڱ·
-------------------------------------
ܱյĿռζԽŨҡҶӶͷϳȫҹ治ҵֱӼĳԼĿұϹͲֳ˿Ŀڡ
ӽȭͷĹͽҶڣƿɲ֮ǰСǰºͣԲбʳѪΪܴ֮֮ʹ
ҶͷϲͣˮǰĺˢøѪ죬ʱ۵ʹݳޡ
ҹҶԳӡǺһδ²ɵЩ꣬СãȰ㻹ʵʵغúýȻȻϴֶΣɾͲôˡ
ƵİոǽϹģɵô˸ս룺ᡣϻϵذڳһ׶ģž޸ûҪɱС۶ˡ
Ҷ̧ͷҹ棬ƯСϵһαֳԭڵĹΪԼľһܵſʼÿ겻ײҪ
¥ޣȥȡôûûáҹ汻ҶӵĿ⾪һ£ס°вСôӲ֪ܲӲ
ҹ滰δ˵ָ꣬һĴʹҶӲ֪ʱͷݺһҧʳָϣҪڹ壬ָܱҧϡҹ˦ԭ˵֣ҶӳѪ˫Ŀ㬵סҪ˵Ķޣ
һͭƤǣһ־ЩСʹʲôһ˫ȭá죬ȭͷҪҶӼȥֻȭͷδ£һֱȡġ
źòȡԿ״򿪷ţһ۱㿴ԼͣһĻ˼ὣ߲㹦㳯޺󱳴ȥʱԱ߻һҹ棬ҲûָܹһУֻǳð޲֮ʣһתж˸סҶӵ
ҹǱң׼ӭսȴһŮס˹ơ
С
㣿
ɣͳǱڴϵɽׯȥ¥ޣҹѩסŴʱֻҪר־ضԸ޼ɡ
ⰢһͭƤǵǹ룬ܽһѾ޸쭷硣֮ǰǧؽʤа֮Ӳϣֲ˰ֱˡ
Ծ޸ڣֳֹˮڿлһâǣԾޱ󡣰󣬼ԾȴƣŸӳâУĽ̵ýһᡣż׷ǰֹˮ˫ʮ㹦ޱ¶ĺһġһųߴԭֱ㶵ضһ룬漴ѵһײڵϡ
Ϊ¥İ˴֮һƽСս֮ơӱȽϼ򵥣սȫ¥ޡ벻ǰǸ¥޲ʱӦԵʮǱŮӣھô̵ʱԼһʱԼʵһЩɡ
ųð޷֮ʣ˫ָٵѨ֮㲻ᵹڵϵĴͷǰ۵һ§סĥС塣


49 
ҶڴʱֻƵļҲ, ־ʮѡűʱСС嶶
˿ҶӱܵҪ, ȴڽӴϤ¶ʱ, ӲѹסҪƻĳ嶯, ֻ˫ֽػסŵյ÷Щۡ
СѾͷ£뿪𣿡οţҶȴδţסŵȴһԲ
Ҷⷴģ÷ֵǣ쵰ǵ׶ʲô
ʱҶһ˿, ״̬ȴ԰޵ĸ, Ȼûʹ˿׵ֶΣסҹ˵סСķʱȴޱȰ, Ӧڴ˴ֵҹѩѲӰ
֮ǰʶѩı, ŵǲҹ³ԿΪ֮ƣҲֻ뿪
һִҶӵϥ, һַסļ, ʱоǰáʱϸе˱ͷҲصسſȥ
һʱ, ŸоϮһ֮Ҫתص, ʱǸ֮ǰСС壬ȴһ, һͻȻǰĴͷȭͷϡ
ֻһ𣬷ڵİ͵˺ڵأ³һѪڵشŴԭѨλ볣죬ԷŸոһѨѰٵʱȫ忪鰢ֻƬ̡
żʱʧһս֮סʮֿҪ˵С
ҶӵٿʮҲ˰ޣž㲻֮ǰ巢ʲôҲܲµش̼Ż͸֧һ̬
ҶӲ֪ĶȻ˷ŵĻһڵϵİȥһȭһȭڰ޺ʵϡ
ҶӴʱȥʮվȶǿȴӲһųߴ˹ȥ
ſǰⴥĿĵһĻҶӱʧص״̬ǰס˫ۡ
ͣˣѾιȥˡŵǹϧ޵ǲؿҶʧȥԶԶԭɵ
Ҷظһ֣еظ˵Ķ
ԷŴʱĹҪס־Ҷʵѣһֱ˼Ų߱ʮѩϼ˪ٳٲԸ֡ȥҶصģֻˡ
ź˺ģһҶӵĺϣŽסѾԵС뿪˵ҡ
֮ǰſڵѾƷűҶһ·ͨؾ󴬵ײİصһ㡣
ɽׯĵһȥѰ¥ޣҲ֪ǱܲӦùøϽǻϲС
ټĴ;ȻƲһˣвٴ򶷵ĺۼȫһ
׷ѰŴ򶷺ۼ¥һȵ쳣»Ĵע⣬ֱ⴦ĵطͬ
߽ŵţûƿŰһȴʰһͱµľӡ
˲ӣǰѰˣͻȻһ𶯣ͬһͬˤڵϡ
һҶӣһֳֽŵأҡε̫޷վȡ
оǡ
ŷɱⲿȣŵ׵Ľӣڴʼһ־ǰҶӴ¡
䣡һ룬ܹʮ˵ĴڷƬ޴ĳ÷־㱣ڻǰűһ§Ҷӣһ̹һ鱻ըɵĸľƬ
ٴʱںӱߵɳϡûѰڻеҶӡʱҶӶͷϺʧ˻Ҳ֮ǰǰ״񡣷ҪһָҶ³߽Ĵȴܹ˵ĸס
ջ֣ĵԼĶͷסҶӵģôộ
˴ûˣűҶӺòѰһɽҶӿڶӲݶϣԼ̫ԶֻڸЩ֦ûض˲
ڰϴ˲ʱ䣬ϵʪܵġŽ˵¹֦Ϻ濾Լɣ׼Ҷӻϡ
˵ѲһҶӴ£˹ϵ֮ͬǰǳڹʮҶӻϱɵĿ⻹ǲʹ鵽һЩĵطвɵһ˿컣СѾͷãϴ˵Сʵڲġ
šеҶ˯òȣߡ
ʲôʱˣں˼Щʲô
źݺݵ˦˦ͷһԼһ߼ӿϵĶҶů¡
˾˵˸Ⱦ纮ΣգҶԾûҪתѵļ󣬵ȣ߽ﲻϣ亹һжʾڳżʹࡣ
ŬսǲҶ˵ЩʲôֻһֽȦڻһﴦϣԴ˼һЩܡ
ĺͽǺĹνһɽݶҶӵѪΪսѶغϡĹռƸʤһֱ̲˽ƣҲɴһȦҶӵΪգ£вûټڣԱصԭĵطϢ
ŴʱȪһҶӵ֫ٺϴֻսġսҶӱ˺ѪİݸСҶϤůϢУڰࡣһ˫ֽס͵֫Դڷŵı䣬Ӥĺߺš
ŻŮ˹ɵģĵһƬҶӱҹץߺбƬ̲һգ屾ƣͬ䲻ǰδ֮£ҶӵʵҲ˵ĹϵΪӣһȴʲôԸȥ룬Ҳȥ룬ֻŻеŮú˯һ
һҹ
ɫĹɽҶӱůİġԴŵһƬϢϤŮϢҶӿǰߵľգֱգȴ·
֮ǰһ־ȴǺܺãǵ⼸ÿһϸڣѶʧʮͯʱҲһһˡԵĻɲҪЩ䡣
Ҷпǧ֮ǰһֱֻԼʦȥĹ¶С޸ĸֻʦΪʦ뿪ָֻһˣ޴ǱĺΪңҲֵڡȴҾȻһθӵһѪԭԳ𣬱עҪһĴʹĶһӦѾûʣ¼ˣֻҪһڣұҪѰһˣһˡ
ڷšԭҵףЩӻָ䣬ôױ㽫áѿڶҵδʦΪ˾ңȴԼŮͬ׵ķţʵУҲҺùٰɡ˵ĹϵЩҡ


50 µ
Ҷ΢΢̾˿, ŷų˯еüۣڳԡ¾ϵϸСëɼƯ, ҡҶӹʹһֻ, ӷϸü仮, ָͣձߵķ˿ϣЩƲۡ
ҶӾ㾲һջأȴһֻһס˯˲֪ʱѾ
ôϲһסۣʢĵЦ⡣
һ͵ͱ˴ţҶЩͰ͵, Ǻʱģ
ĳС͵͵Ƶʱ򡣡˵Žе§øһЩ
ң͵͵ƣ, ƣ𣿡Сĳ˺
Ц, Ц̫ĳƤСѾͷ, ֻܽСѾͷĲϣʸͣ
ҶӱȵϢЩ, Ҫǿ˵Դƿ, ȴ᲻á
űЦ˺һͣ£յҶӴ, Ȼ, ҵİ֮ˡϲ, ס
ҶӿŷǵӣӲҺʱ˵Ҫˣ֮ǰֱ׵ı˲˼Ҳزܳϡ
õģ㲻ң㡣䣬ŷĴҶӵܣСɵ˵ϴܹ
׵Ҷȴñһ飬۾ס˷ŵ
һ˫ҶӵĴǡաü䡢ã̧ͷȾ糺Ľë
ϵ¶ʧˣҶӻ۾öϷЦЦĿ⡣
˵㲻ҡ
Ѿˣܽ˿ˣҶӶ򵨱Դţĵҵģֻ
ࡣҶӵĴҪϷŵȴʱ˵طһлտɽԵΪ
ҶԭδüӦһһҹδʳֽ顰๾ࡣ
ԼĶڽУ̫ˣ
Ҷë޵Դ˰ɣȥ⵺ûʲôԳԵġ
˴ǺһµСȴ̡Ҷڵϲãֻ񵽼Ĵָ˶ٵҰӡ
Ҫȵӣ佫Ӳɾǲ״ԥΣǵݸҶӡ
ʵԹάҲûЩҶӴӷнӹһӣУޱؾ׽š
ζΣżҶӰûӦҲҧһڡ
ޣҲ̫ɬˡֳֿζֱǣһĹһ³
һѶҶȥŹӣЦõΪңԼҲ̫˰ɡ
Ҷ̧ͷţһ޹ĺܶ
ŲŲţɬûζ𣬸ոҲҡ
ЩɬҲҪרĿƱ飬ûüش㡣ЩϾһãҪֱ˵ζܹ֣ǺܲӡҶ
⻰˵ãһŰһŽеĹȫӵǣҶһֻ߽ǰС֣ȥ濴ҵԡ
⵺˴ȴҲγһƬȻֲ֡ƷַḻĹ״ɫҲǸ졣ոǵӰδȫȥŴʱֲ
һ·߹˲ٶĺۼȻĶʮֻĿǰΪֹҲֻǵġۼѡ
Ҫ塣˵ߵһ£һ׳֦˿ӡ
ҶӼ״ʰһЩϸ֦ڷڵĿϡִӸժһЩӣСĵظ֦档ЩԣȻڴ˴ȻΪʳ顣
һ岢˶ʱ䣬ϵҶӶһ棬á
˴Զ쳾ʹڰգΧҲʮְֻһ˶﷢ġࡱԼࡰˡԾ
С㣬ȻĶܾġҶӶ
û˵Ҷ޹
˵ĶӣСһ㡣ЦЩ⡣

ҶŤͷֻһ׸š
СŤӦûˡ
ڵ϶ʱãŵһֱŲ֮ǰڴСѾͷǰ㷴ı֣֪ЩʲôֶΡͷϳֹĺӡǣԼ֪ദ£֮ǰΪǼǵǰӡ
ЩˣҲá΢΢̾˿Σǽֵġ
ŶҶӱ˿ڵİؾд繡
꣬жˡרĶҶһƣܸոշŲû˵
̧ͷȥȻиɫӰһһߵس巽ȥǶ̽ԴСĵζ̽ǰצǰ£ȴٵ롣һŰ׵СһӶǰȥȻۡһԽ˷Ųõ
żǰһšסСһĺ󾱽ȻֻС׺
ۣСƤëð׺ƯҶǰ˷ܵĹ⡣
ȷܰף⻹ܷʣԺúñһˡſԼͬ˷ܡ
С·ԣоϵΣĽڿһͨ٣﷢໡Ľл
ҶһĲţСôɰҪԵ
ſҶֵΪԹССҲܿɰƽԵĿɲ١
ҶӼҪС꣬ͨʦͨرסһ첲գ۾ǽСɣ㿴ˣò
ΪʳˣſŹԼ첲ϱƽʮСѾͷޱؿڣá
ǣƤ֣ڱƤ
ֲĵطҵ˵ҩҶС׺˼򵥵İȡӷǰ
С׺ܵҶͷųźţûһʼḷ̌űͷǰĹӣȷûë㿪ĵؿ
צϵ˿ڲǷŵ£Ӧ֮ǰʲôˡԲŲȥҹӣֻܼϵĹӳԡ
ſС׺̻ʵĳ࣬ƣСθںãһأܰ˳ԡˣСѾͷľͺá
С׺ҶժĹȫ˸⣬ƺһֱܳԹܺҲͦáཱུͣߵҶӽűߣۡһ²൹ڵءƺֻԴϡزҶӵĿš
ԵСһҶӿĵؽС걧һֻСĵëһôƯİëԺͽС׺òá
ϡ
СųҶӲעĳС˸
໣


51 
Ϊ˱ҶѪһֻС, ֮ǰõ壬㡣ûٻε, Ҫֻˮߡ
ҶŷžŵıӰ, ȷĹڱˮ, ŷĵʰ֦ھˮԶɳ˿ӡڵò㹻һȥܱסҶӾӵٵ룬ּʯǶڿӵıڣȻɽбݡʯڿӵסһʱزȥŪЩľ飬սϸ̼һȥ
СԴҶһ, ԲԲ۾ɻһΧȦ, ̽Ƶצȥٿӱڣȴĺˮʪצ, ܾ˻ҶӿСɵɵȵģ, ִ˴ë޵Ķ䣬ǱֵЦ⡣
ʮ, żЩӰҲߵ̫, ڴ˴ֹˮ棬źĲ, ۼֿشȥˮʵЩ, ڴ˴ζʮż̿, ը㡣תһ룬˵ʳҲԲ̫࣬˴û㣬ɱ棬ֻľרעظܺˮµĶʧܵĴˣҲѧθݲƵԤ֮ķλһ㡣
šһѴֹˮ»صʱһһڸǣСҡβͼԼཱུӶҶӻ
⵽ֻ꣬
һʹͼҶӵעСǶԼϡ
Ҷ̧ͷע⵽šսƷعķţĵô㲶ˣ
ߣһˣСˡƽʱõҶӵĿޣܻرģҲ֪ڱŤЩʲô
ҶӼûжǰǣ֣ҸռЩ֦Ǳڴ˴ɣһ𿴿ӱߵķ羰ҸˮҲ󹦸ˣٵһܺȵɾˮˡ
żҶûмС׺ǣԼ̹һЩ⵽һԵӣˮ
ҶӵͷǰҲ֪ڴ˴ãˮ̫ǲֱãұڸڸˮ룬Щݡʯӡľ̿ܽˮеչһʱܽһЩ
ȻѩȫģĵϣһһҹʳǿͦסһһҹˮǱܡˮǵε㶼壬ʵ²˿ڡ
Ҷӵõ佱ĵ͵ЦŪľѡ
Žӽȡ£ȥһϴֵ֦ϣڲϿšƺڳϲȱ츳ʹߵĵϣҲܽһ㿾þȽƣͨ巺⡣
ҵգطû˲ŽһðĿݸҶӣЩζ
֮ǰγͶιĬҶҲӹ㸹ҧһ⣬ϸϸؾ׽š
һڴصҶӵԼգһƷģмʧô֮ǰҰʱһģĽҰҲûеϣѳ԰ɡ
Ҷһ˺ü㣬ע⵽һֱڶԼķţϽζˣһڱͣ벻úִʻζ
㣬õݡ
õ϶ķڷҿˣҲһõ˴޵ϣ㳤ںԴ΢̡Žอȥøɾþȣ㲻ȣûϵӰ죬Ȼչֳʮʮ
ζȷʵҹȻ츳ġ
˳Ա㣬ڵĴ̽Ѱһ˴̣Ҫ뿪ֻԼȷ·ߡľ׼ʳЩ˵ףÿһ¶Ѵ
Ҷ÷˼ľ壬ϲͬʯͷ±ǺӺӿηųԼڼʮɿĺӿΡңңֻԶԶһСڵ㣬ŷľ壬ʩչṦڿնϣҶһԾСڵ㡣ͷźŵķʽȻЦȴá
ҶӼСڵɳϻһܣĬʱ䡣ÿӵһƮµľ壬ľϿµõʱ䣬ʱҶѾľ塣
ҷľ壬յ𣿡Žһ˦β͵С׼ߣҶߡ
飬ƲᵽˡҶӿľϵıǻشȻźãҲûյµľ塣
ˣô³ľ岻ᵽġſԼͷСѾͷǳݡ
Ҷӽľϵʯͷȡ£ţľ壬صһ絽ˮ϶£Լӿľˮ˶ٶȡľĳز͵ļʱڿԴ¹һľĳޣԼºˮٶȡԻľӦóسˡ
˷ܵĹ⣺ֲŪôľʯͷǼȻ˺ٶȺͳأǺܿͿ촬뿪ˣ
ҶҡҡͷĶô򵥣ڹֻǵǰ˴ĺٶȺͳأͬʱ䲻ͬصЩֵᷢı䣬跴ΡҸտ˿պ˴ήһ꣬˳С뿪˴е׼ˡ
㾹Ȼῴ󡣡űҶϺݺһڣʲô㲻𣿡
ᡭˣåҶͨһګګ
ԺԻᡣҶһϲһڡ
ļգ˱ڲԺͿľжȹǰҶڻףΪʹԽӾ׼һɳ©㹤Ȼظһȴһ㲻ġ˴ûˣķϲشĳƤСϷһһʱٺݺǻô飬ֵĳڼ˻żŵǺҶһֱڵϹż򵥴
˶״ʱǵǵʱЩ뿪˴ľһ±Ҳ̲ݻǰûľľ飬ԷŵĹһȳƵľ׮ѣѵνЩľ׮ʵ⵺ҵֻ֦֦֮ҶѶνõһľ׮ŽԣŻǵòοʱľںƯ˻ɢܣϾغ˵á
Ҷҵһ־ճԵ䰾Ƴɽ̶ľ׮֮Ľṹ²Բ
׼˴룬֮ǰԤĴ꽵٣չ⾰֮ʮնǴ죬ʺϳУλ㲻֪Ҫȶá˾ʱͷжٺ׼̡
Ÿ׼ʳҪﲼȡɾʱԲгƬɹɡҶڵп죬ѵĳص㼰


52 
Žɹƺõһ, ǵС׼ҡβͣȴְڷڲǰ
һɡҶӿС۰Ͱ͵ģ
, 겻ǳԹӵ, ĶҪ⡣ô˵, ǳһɣС׸ǰ
С׵̶̵ֻСצӰסɣؿβҡһ仨
궼Ҫġ
һСױ㲻ٴʣã˼ЩʳŹľϳʮ죬Ϊ˱һЩҵȻȥֻ֮С
Ҷӵ˵ͷʳ׼ò, ʵڲʱںԣʱҪ, ҪվͲȥ˰ɡ
ҪԺ㣬һ, ϽҲԺܿ, òʱҪɽϢҶʱǰϻ
Ȼ, Ҽ, ûиʵĳɡ
ԼʱǰɽԿʼæµ
⵺ϴطҶ֮ǰѾ̽, ֻʣСʯֻûȥߵĵط, ҲǺٶĵطܴҵʵĳ, ľʱٶȽܿࡣֻΪʯ̫࣬·Щ㣬֮ǰҶΪ˸ʱѡ̽ط
ҶӴС߽ʯ֣ʱûߵ̫룬ʯ鲼ĵطȳһСѰһƿĺӿڡҶӽ׼õľʯͷӺӿڷȥľ˳£ܿ㲻ټ
ľƮΣֱһС㣬Ҷصͷûгףûж˴С
ҶӱСף׼ԭ·۷߷ϢպȻһףк¡졣
ǻûʱҶӰŻܾСףӿŲ뿪˴ȻϵһһȴƱ١ʱҶӲڳһɲܿصܣհûĹơ궯ˡ
Ĺϴ˽ϹƺҲܵ޴ģҶһ˯ǺüաһȴͻȻӳ˯лѣŴ׵ʼҶڽʮ衣
֮ǰĹ궯ҶӶһطľǿнѹȥȻ˿̣ûеطúľĹƵƺҲøǿˣҶ˶ɵӰǰ
ѵÿ治ʱҶοЦֽ޷סСףۿ꽫ҶӲҴ£˴ʯڿվţרڵĹ
ۼСһһв̶ֻܣҶסֻܹƽ¡
-------------------------------------
߽ûԶײֻɵӡѵһҶȻɽʼ⿵ĹŵʱҶһܵһʱ䳢Ŵˣ֮ľ϶óɣʳҳϧ
Žֻɾһֻ̼棬һֻ׼ҶӻֳֿԡȻͷȫ׵ʱǲҶӵӰ￪ʼӿŨŨĵǡ
вƣÿһеĵǱһ֣СѾͷһֱʱòʲô˰ɣ
һʵסžѰˡҶӻῴԼľ̿ڿյд¡ʱδ飬Ѱ֮һʱ鷵дڴ˴Īߣҡ
ųɽʵҲͦûף⵺˵󲻴˵ССƽʱʱһ档꽫⵺ϳɽܶطѺáƽʱҶ̽·ʱҲ˵巽λΪ˵׼ҪڶʱڹڵѰһˣ¡
ŴʱҲֻһһ߻ҶԼʱݣ뻹Щط֮ǰûȥġ
ǰϽӣղѵϸǲİɡ
һôӣЩĬӦǡеİɡ
иܵһǰδеãȻֻڴԼϲ
֪䣬ߵһʯǰǹʯ᾵ڣ˳˼ط֮ǰûȥ㲻ǸýģСѾͷô°ɣɳ˴˴ĵطסԣķλУǶסָѰ˴
ʱưô꣬ûüڵ֮˸ͨ͸ǵıһ£ǻĵһͷǣСѾͷҲһǺãˣȽȥ˵
ŸҪ̤ʯ֣ȴһϤİɫӡءԼ⴦ܡС׿˷ţҲˣܵһҧס½ק
СӣϽȥǷŵһξС˳ۣƺࡣ
СͲƽ￴ŷཱུĶΪëɡˮôһͱһʪܵССӡСúܣκʯͷ϶ܹ磬ĶƫƧĶ꣬Űûżֱл
ŻֹˮεؽĴ·ʯͷСܲߵ·
СǰһҲʶԼͷŵͲ۷ҧĿȳһȥ
ԣո·ߵġ
ŴʱҲ˲СһǰࡣԼСĹǰʯڱƼһϤķɫӰ
ʱҶڱڵĹƶԿãȴ񲻷ƵģԽ죬QԽҪԸҶӱڵܣϵˮһɹɵʣֲǺˮˮһýʱҲ˲ˮʯأ̱ѵشѵձҪɥڴ𣿿ǣòء
һҶԺۻܶ˵ݣʦɣС㡭Ȼֵģ
ʱƽƽǱԼ۸
ССձһͷ
ڻʼȴһ˵Ҫ
ʱȴǿһԵ
ڲ¥˵˴Լһ
ȱ鱻˰˻Ҳ
սʱӢˬ
Яһ⽫޹Ůȳ
ǶԼ
һ
˵˸ȴǻһ׷ѰԼ
˻ֿС
ڿջӰõ
ڽɫ˵š㡱
ǲˣå
һһԼЩоȳ
ɵøһֻС׺Դ׵
ԼԮʱ̤Ŵ꣬Ű׺
ţոǻþ
Ҷ۾ǰӰûʧˣһ̵Ҷȴίһʱ޼ɵؿţô꣬һ
ԲˡİĹǱģŹ˲ӵڻȥ


53 ʧ
ŽҶӱɽʱ, ϵ¶̵ˡ˵·Ѿʪ಻ٴѣ֮ǰ˵ˮƯϴһڸϿ, øɲҶӲô, ޲һֻ⵺˴, Ҳʵ㡣
Ҷסһţʮܵģһֱ૵ȥȥ
ǲҶԼȥģͻȻ𵱳ڹҽ®ʱ֮״
⣬ѵǹô㳤ˣ
űҶӣͼ֮ͬǰڵܡζڶʯ󺣣á
ô
ҲҽҶֵ, оԼʲôˣֻܽӵ, ܵԼĴڡ
껹ϡﻩţʱʱ, ؼſԾ, 
űҶӣһ̲, ֱоϵĲ𽥱仺, Ҫһ
ʱҶȴ֪һ˷ŵĻ, ֱߵʯǽ, һ˹ȥ
ݵָӡ
һƣһƽһ, תۼʯǽϱصһָӡſľսԱһʱûסֺһС˱Ҷӣʧص뵱ڴϺƣ
Ҷӵʧزûгܾãµڰ˸ӡʱʧȥ
ŸæסҶӣС·ŻظɲϣֹˮǽϵӡƻСһ˫Ѿ׵Ѫ֣˺Сĵš
ǾĶǵһҹ
ҶɽʵĸɲǸɾɹɵǴʱϻۣƺʲôû
ֻ̧ײŵצӣŬһУֻϡǵԼȥʯ̽·ʱͻڵĹҺԼ޷жʧȥʶǰ˷ŵ
㽫Ҵİɣ˫ô£
ҶӾ𱻰ʵʵҪŵʶʲô˻
չҶһҹŸո˯ȥûá˯òҶĶ㽫ܹ˻
һ˫סҶӵԴͷ֡
ȻˣⲡÿȥҲͦ졣
ˣӿвʣһſڣŷɳƵ
ûʲôʣˡոնͷʱụ̂Ҷȴʵʵ˸顣֮Ũرô¡
Ŷû£ЩڿʡȻѾްʰʰɡ˵ˮá
ҶӶ죬һֽˮݸһֽزϣҲżһ죬ӾͱǿˣȽãԿеδ֪
ȷˣҶڶһУʱķƺƢ
ҶڶʰһϵĲЩ£㽫ǳ£ֵûжˣֻмϸ΢Ļۡ
ôС˰ô಼Ҳǡ
Ҷҡҡͷϵıۡ
ŰעһУǼֵġ˵ҶָͻȻǿǼ¡ɼʶʧصģȴҲäĿֹۡԼʧʱһУȴƺ޲Ҳ֪󡭡
ҶЩιСף̧ͷַһֱԼߣΪ᲻ģСҲ꣬ҪһֱԹӵġ
˭֪֮ǰһֱСײ˳۵ķȴһ̬ɫû£ԵĻԶٶû⣬ȥԡ˵Сӻ˴󹦡
Ĺģʵ֮ǰʳﴢѾˣֻӡҶӼڲųСףǿģСߣʵС׺ԵģҪǶãҲã
С׵Ķ䣬СҶӱҲ֮ǰô·ˣҡҡԴȴûз
ȷʵǸԵСӣСѾͷǾҵ
ΪͻĲ鵢飬˱ԭƻƳղʽ뵺Ŵǰ·δ⣬Ҳ֪жٷջڵţҶӾС׷Ź֮ءҶӽСױĵطڵԴźǲת뿪
С׿ҶӲԼˣء׷ȥҧĿǴȡ
ˣҪ뿪ˣ㡣ҶٴθСףҲ֪ܲ
ż״ҲЩᣬǹһģ֮ǰ˵Сİɣ˵ЩҲֱṦ߰ɡ
ҶֱС׶˶ԴɷŵĽ飬ʩչṦ뿪ˡ
˽õľƵʯеĺӿڣ⼸׼ʳˮҲһȥҶ̧ͷ˿գͷɣ˳źϷ򻮾С
ŻҶľʰһԵĴſӰҪľߣȴһŰɫëԹٴ˹ľ밶ϵĺӹһԾ£ľҵóһ£ˮ
СӸˡƽسʵϲŭ
ҶҲû뵽С׻ʱͻȻһ۰Ͱҡβ͵ëʵٴκĽͻذϡ
ҪǱ㽫ϰɡҶӱС
᲻õĻʹϰɡŴӦúˬ죬ո뿪ʱע⵽Ҷ͵͵Ĩ˺üᣬģ᲻á
Ǳʱ֪ûء
ҲԼͦɵģһֻСʲôףôȹСѾͷء̲סʱʱһ¡
ҶԿĵرС˺üڣһޱػŽ
һҶӲŰû˵ԼһʵڲáʰһֻɣҪЪЪԵ㶫
ң㻮ˡ
ҶһƣԼȻ̫ˣϽ˸򣬼ҵҵػţһ𻮰ɣһЩǵǰӦûܱߵĻƺУ۾ĸλãϷҲӦҵĵطõĻǰʲô̴֮ġ
⻰ҶӸ˵ˣںƯĵգںһ̴˼ȣ㽫ǽ˴
⼸̫ۣűʡȥϸڣֻ˵ҶǳĽãںϵ˴䵽ϣʱ˸ľ뿪
ǸʵˣԷŵ˵ǲûлɣסãǼÿáǹһԼľ֡
ҶӺлδȥ
ˬʵϲˣ⴬Ҫȥ⣬Żպ̣ҪǷĻǶһ°ɡ
ʱ˼Ǵ⹫ϼң
ȻǷģлŴˡ
ҰƯգʱиߴݻϴȥһŮұϾǰɾģЩҰȻˮƯϴչ黹ǲʡ⴬ǡĲ⣬˸£ȷʵǵǰؽ֮ŴʱҲûпĵȵ⹫һúúóлһ


54 ݸ
պ, ̴ͣͷϰҶͻѣ޳ó̲Ӽá
Ѿ˰, Ųƽ̲, Ŵĺ, סڴ棬ȥǶͶɡ֪Ŵ׼ںδţǰúãٵŵл
ϰڴ˴ʶˣҲЦǺǵӲôǼȻڴ˴ˣҹ˳·, һɡ
Źһͷ·̣ϰĺ⡣
ϰǰ˹͵, ҪΪ÷񣬳ܶǵ͵ػɫ, 㹻, ಻˱¶Ļ
źҶӼһǣԱװųвƥӡ⳵еûƽ, Ҷ۾, ԴŵķƫȥСɵضҶȱ, ۵ģʱҶӻмơԴ֮ǰڵǸҹ, Ҷӱʱ׷ֻ, СĵطԴŵԼϡ⴦аĳ̣Ъɡ
ͻȻһɲȻһ𣬼װӶˡҶҲڷżϾѡ
ʲôˣһַסҶӣһƿĲ
ֻŴ̴ֲֳָʽֱ˶ǰΪ׵һԿ׳ɤӵ˰ɣ̤Ǻүĵ̣ʶľ͹ԹԷϱѡ
ͷˣΰʱˣ΢ɲüͷ
ϰΪϴ˵ǵһ̣æóƱ׳Уǳէүи㡣
׳һϰеƱػִڵأǴ򷢽лأװʲô
ϰųﻹЩƦɻ£үﶼЩֵǮĲϣûʲôÿģҪЩҲš
ôǮүˣ㲻үүƫҪ׳˵žǰ̧׼ӡ
Ȼ׳ֻδӣ㱻һͻƣСѪðѪ
ĸӸҰү׳ס˵̧֣Ҫ߿ӡһҽУҲһѪ
׳ڵϴ˸ºǻŸϽϰǸװŪĻ˸ץ
ЩƦյ࿴һۣǾű￳ȥ
ƹƹҡգ۵Ĺһ˺˵ϡ
ڴ˴Ұһ޵ͻȻ֣ŵ֪˭

ӦһƬĬֻԸѻȥҿݸˣڴ˴£ңǵݸ֪𣿡
ݸмݸ
ĸݸˣԳڴ
ĸݸжƷԪ飬ǿҵ⹫Ȼʮֵ⡣
Ŷô֪һһ֡
ŷһЦ߳Ŀ⽫ͷɨš
ȻĿŪʮŭǾôǰӹҲסȭͷȥ
ŵסȭͷ˵㾢Էͷ죬㣬һȥݸ
տʼΪƣװһģȻ⹫ùӳԡһ·ץקݸſڣֻߴ䵭ΣյŮ
š
ĪЩ˺һˣСүҴдҲƽϣ߰ɡ
šٴ
걻ŶͷƤ飬ֻ룺ݸĴ˭ȥöῪġ
ȻʧˣŻˡݸĹܼҴСһſڣһǵȻҪɹʡ
ʶܼģŵĨͱܣһץס졣
ЩˣǼǵö㣬֮ǰظ嶣Сˣһ̧ͷÿվķţ־ϲСС㣬ôˣȻ֮ŮʱݸסһʱգĸѩݸĴС㣬ϰԹСС㡣
ƼʱԼˣɫҲ˼֣˵·Щ⡣Ҹһ˵⹫ֶһ
ע⵽קס꣬ɸֵ㣬ݸҡײƭ
⻹ǵһˣ
ɫЩѿæССһ·۳Ͷ٣ȽūΪӷϴӣԻ˺úýѵ
ſڵȷǸ̸ĺõطŵ˵ͷָҶϰܵλҵֿѣλ·ǵĶˣغúд
ŽУֻͼ˳ӭӣɻ󣺡⹫˲ڸ𣿡ǰѸϻ磬һֱڴ˴ꡣ
ϵŻдʣʥǰЩʱү飬ӣҲظˡ
Ӵ~ӴԺһĲҽУðԵʱʹ
ͣ½Ųüѯʱ͵СǸ¶ǸǰԶֶȥүһʸο𡣿СүĿݣݸҡ֮ǰҲû̫֣ͽѵ˼Ρ
·ˣû̫֣
ŶԴʱûۣȥϰл
˵ϰ屾ǺطҶһ̣ȴ·ȱʣ뾹ʶݸĲƥгݸİıⶼ࣬ҲǺкñ
ݸ˵ҶǷŵֿѣרһװޡ׵Ŀͷ˼סĵطЩԶһȺѾС˾ҵҵͷÿһɨ˳ȾǴΪʲôտССһ̫ĵģ
ɨ뿪ҶӱСڴϴ˸ʮܵſһһһô۶Сۡ
ߣǵֵСһűƼһһģҲҪټά˼ҵ󣬸һſڴϡ
ҶС׵ͷţôæˣΪСˣò׻һΣвӦв轻ȻҶصſš
ˣҪˡŽҶСײԾشЩԹ
ҶӺѼ÷ɰģûнС׵ġ۸ְѣ󣿡
û뵽ί侹Ȼȸܵ۾˿ҶøղС׵Լ
Ҷӻҽļأֻ˳ŷŵľ׵ʹ̽
ˡ
أ
ˡ
أ
ܺã~~
~ЩۣһЩ
ǰҶŵѾ߸һţԼСС/Ľһ±ƣڣӦ


55 Ծ
֮ǰܼ˵Լձظ, ò⹫ٶסաֻϴγǱʧ, Ҳ֪ˡ
ɽׯĲҵ鲼ȫ, ҵɽׯһҿ, ɫָϰϢ
ɽׯİָɫϰһ۱ϳȷʵԼ֮Ҳ֪ʱںδɽׯӱ˴֮䶼жصϵʽʾᾡϵ鱾ˡ
ϵŴʱ򡯡仰Ҷһͬ뿪ꡣ
ôˣ˵Сɣǻƽ𣿡Դ֪ϴһͬǰȥӪԼĻгɣ, ҶǸжǵǣϾ˵ǻըʬ޴, Ҳ֪ûô嵽ϡ
ģʱǰȥľϻɽׯĵ, ɽׯˮ, ǶĵӸˮԡпǲʶķﲢûкܻţѾͷһ򸣴
, ûмʱҶȻ޷ȫ, ŷÿȥѯγ˵䡣
ڳ֮ĴҲҪһһҹΪ˻һҶӵĽ, ȥɢɢġ
ɽλɽ, ʮʷȴдС, 򸽽ľ񼸺˶˴ΰݡƽʱ֮˵ҶҪ
ʯ·һ·ɽʱ˶ʮ徻
ֻһɨصСɳ֣žЩǮӹһװǩĵǩͲҶӡ
ҶǩͲʮϵعеҡţƽǩأʰһдţǩã˳³Բ
ſǩģ˲Ҷ󣬳ưοҾ˵һἪɣкܶǩˡ
һǩҶӿǩʮϲֱ۾ҡǩͲţǰ;˳죿
һöǩĵ䣬ĿЩۼȴһ壺ǩ·ѣ·ѣ·ڡ

šǩһһһ֧˾Ͳˡ̫硣
뿪ҶŸղǩĵݣһصģʮΣſĵģû뵽Ūøˡ
Ҹ㽲ЦɡתҶӸǰҲӦӦԹ˵𿴳ͦģСʱƤˣʲôȥһ¡ҼǵһΣȻӴȥͷѡΪɿ鲼ûˣһȺ۷׷ʮŲ˸ͷҵʱʱһɫķˣòЦ
ǺǣЦһСûôղһ˵ҵĻ
ҶӿˣɫһϲС㣬Щӻðɣ
СҶ֪ˣеˡ˷һۣҶӵҴ˶¥ޣһܽסˣ֪ô£ǴͻȻεǵĻˮȥѰ֮ǰľȻľѰʱŷִȻըˣڸöûѰǵӰֻϰЩɽׯĵĴ̽ǵϢղյľͷϢ㼱æϹˡұΪӦͦҵģߣˣûõġ
ŶԼΪ˿µΪΣ˳ųĻѯʵأ
鱾ţҶһеԼֻܽ͵ɣ֮ǰһֱһ봬һնûѰǵţҷͷжȥѰǡ˽ǵϢƾ⼸ҲҪˡ㡭ھͲûҵˡ˵ЩȻ̾˿
żóһģοͷİɣ㶼û£˭ҪǰȻ
ʲôСҶû¡
ԽԽǷᣬתһ룬ȷʵǻڣô϶ûµġ
ҶӴʱվڷԣһ¾õģͻȻ֮ǰڴǺ˵ۣ߽һҶӹѯʵСҶӣЩûΪɣ֮ǰ˵
żģ֪Ҫʲôۼֿס죬һѽߣþò˳С㣬Ȼһ֮ɡ
˵ġһ֮ꡱΪ˴ϳʻҲȷʵд˵⻹ǳһ˽˵صزһݶϯЩɫʳҶ֮ǰѾȻʮϲ
÷ŸеǣԻξȻôóԵȤȻųԵһͽԼһûʲô˼СҶôûˣÿ˵˵֪ϵãҲǺѰ˲ôԵ
ż˴ûˣ̾˿˵޷ܲȱȥغ£
ΪΣ
˵ЩӣйأӦû֪Լк£ʧˣҲôЩĵ顣
ƶǶصͷȻǻСҶӲĵ飬ҾͲˡ
ϯԭ±һˣҶӱʾϵĸ㶼ˡһǰһȤ´˵Ļֱһرܡ
ĶʲôĻѻ˵ĳˣθҲˣһС¡뻹˸ڣҾǸоͷЩˣСһעľͷĶоӿơ
עĳС㡣ҶͻȻ֮ǰľŪͷѵĳ飬̿ǿҵӣ
ûСŲһôȤĻԱ̫ϵ˭Ҫëû߼ҾͰˡ
ԺǲˬҪȥַﻹŸߵ㣬ֻܹӵ˷һۡ
˵ӣҶӵһ£Ҽǵã֮ǰŴӴ뿪ʱ񻹼һֵľӡ
ʲôľӣľͷóƣվӲڱɣԼҵİԾԱʲôӺȤ˭Լ⣬ֻ˳ҶӵĻ硣
Ҫ˵˭˵ڶû˸˵һܵʱڵϻʮֶӣҲǽ⾵Яÿձһաصլ⾵Ҳ˼ָ飬ͼЯš
żҶӵעɹתƣϣӻͳһ״ʮֲľӣڳǰС㣬վհɡ
ϸţֻ⾵ƣһЩֵֹķţͦѰӵƽͭǰģôôú졣
ⲻǣɽׯİԾ


56 
˼ضŷ, ˵⾵֮ǰӴϼģ
ͬţϸ֮ǰڴεõ澵ӵ龰һ, ٴȷϵɽׯԾ, ûۣ
Բд齫ӷȥ, Сʱҵ⾵ó⾵ͷŹ֣ǲеڶһģһˡ
ʵΣҶӶŰԾΣ˷⾵ӣȴڴֿɼĵطǺ˼
˳ҶӵĻ˼Ƭ̣ʲôû˼˵˼˭ܲµ׼, 㲻ڲìء벻ױܽѰأҲһϢ˵ƾ⾵, ҵͼ⾵ӿų͹ŹһЩҲûﲻ԰, ֲǶһ, ĶܿЩʲô
һ塱һҶ˶΢ɼգգۡ
ٴ澵, üͷչ, 飬Ҫ, Ƚ澵Ӵȥׯƣ
鿴˿, ֿ˿ţҵǴ˴γΪѰҺͼ, ֲֻΪҾӣȻѰǱڴ˴ɣϣǶһˣܲƽ⾵ӵİء
һ壬಻״ġ
С˵ҶڷųǰڣǵڲڧǱģڶʧİԾװ֡óȻԾͻɽׯֻɽׯٴγΪЩ˵ж˳⾵ӲܣЩڰȻ̲ס¶š
ϯһԶһʱ´˾ɣһۡ
һչȥûеȵɣ֣ȴȵظ
鿴߽еĲ豭ûѾͷû⹫˰ɣұ˴ν˳ҵĹŮܸˡ
ⲻ⹫ĶȥңԸˡ۳󣬷ڳǰһģ
ӣۣ𣬸ոհҶ˵ˣγ⣬ǲʲô鷳ˣ
ܼǸʮˣǲָܹܣԸ˵ģֻ˵֮ǰ·ЩСۣڶˣһύµĺѡ˵ŽһԵҶǣǰҶһ⹫ǳһԼ˽ġ
齫עתƵߵŮϣŮһ˫ʮºŵӣģģСŮһ˲ص
˲ʧ񣬶Ҷ૵񡭡̫ˡ
⹫⹫ųϣҶӣЩӽύֿѣڸ͡
عͷͣáãλСҰڸЪ£κҪԽȥ죬ǧҪϷͶԵ֪ڸϵЩӣǷԸͷƣ
ݴ̧ҡҶӿǰĿˣԼδ⹫Ҳһ˿иУԽǳġ
ź󣬷űΪֻǰǰ㣬Լ߶ϼʱѧҵ书ճϸһ©ڴ˵ȹػܣȴܹ⡣˼ʹˣеŮҵңʧٵʧ٣ϥֱϵֻһˡ
ȻεԾ߽鷿ûƼӰ
⹫վûд鷿
ɻ뿪䣬·ԺʱȴƼͤʯǰŶĵˣɲԼ⹫İ֮ˡ
ݴˣʤˣȻո߳ʰ·硣߽ʱƼҶӣòº͵
һѻ׵ĺӣֺǺǵŮ޵ǻϷģϷ򿴵óͲȴϻ۹ˣÿ岻಻ٶǡӣȸϷӣչԼĲŻϷ˸ˡÿ壬ʮӣӮûʲôɾ͸С
ôأ
Լİ֮ǰҶ̣Ų⹫ƫˣôҸأ
Ϸô𾴣ȻҲֻԡ
ˣҲŮˡŹ
ʲôʱŮˣСʡĵľ㡣һ۷ţתͷҶӻһЦݣһ̡
ҶѵüȤģЦЦԹע»ش𣺡õģ׳ˡ
һֱ̡µ˻ƻ裬һһСʮͶԵ壬ҶͯľҶӲԸɨ˵ˣȥನܵݣֻЩȤǴȰЦơ
ӵķžôһԣһһСദǢϹԹʵʮֿģûмС⹫ͬʱֹСС͵˺ĸȴֻҪʲҪᣬһķűҲֻܽɻҶӴСʧȥ˶һˣ룬˵⹫Ҳǹף䲻ϣͶԵҲǼ¡
ֱ˽ȫϯ˲Ž˶ġ鲻֪ҶӵĿζԸӽұȫչʾһҶӶϯϵĸʽжӣипζô
ʮĵǶƵڽ۴ҼǵǰûôԶ
ûʲôСڽ۴ݸҪȽۣЩɶ㸣ֲˣһ֡ЩǰСˡ
ŵС̣СŮ˪
ѵԼ⹫С̣ûĸһֹ̽ѵС̣û˰ɣ
ʹˣʱ£пǰжʮ˰ɡһУŹеĹӲҪ޸һСӡҲͬ⣬ԸҶϾŮϵĸ㲻ʹС̵¶ôȥˣŮ֮ĶʲôĨĳֻǡҲ֪
ˣѾˡ
֪ҶӲԸģοݴˣŮҲĳطǣأף١
ϣ˰ɡ̾˿Ҷżֿ󣬡һϹͷ˻еŮҲ䲻ҲֻѾͷżһҡСֿѣԺпյĻһͷӿɺá
ֻҪݴ˲һ߶š̶һյദҶˡ
ź󣬷ûдԼ䣬ǱҶڵĿͷȻ˵ֿѣһҲûʲôԡ
ôˣҶ̺ñӣתע⵽վڴǰķš
żСԹ˭ôͽˣһȥԿס
ҵ˼ǣԼЪϢ𣿡Ҷͷ
һˣЪϢ¡ǰ§סҶӣҧסĶ䣬֮ǰڵʱ㶼˯ģôһԶˣ
ҺʱУ˯
ҶӺһηŵĴǡ
ȥ𣿡
ȥ


57 ͱ
ҶʱѾ뿪, ˫ִ˴ĳ˵ļһԺ˦ȥϴһԺɢ
Ҷ, תġ
ҶӴݸСнӹ, һϳɣּ, ԼԼв¥
ɣѾ˴ˡ
ҶϲС¿źֱԼ֮ء
֮ǰˮһҶɣʮδ˱ǳϦദĺѣҶӵ¶֮ĹϵǶһ׽
Ҷӵ¥ʱɣǰĲѾûڴ˵Ⱥ
ɣҶӰȻ֣ϲʤ, ǱҶţϥ¹, 
-------------------------------------
˯٣ȥȡҶƽﰮԵĵġ, , ˺˵ǷЩΪֵʱ⡣Ŀ, а˿Գ¾á
ŶŵĻصҶӵķ, Ѿ𴲣ȥԺѰһܡûѰҶ, ȴƼ˵Űݷõĳ顣
ľͷ, ɣչˣʱСҶһءҲһȥѰǰɡ
˵, СѾͷɣһˣ
ڽһ·񱼣һ·׷ܻµľͷôʲôڲ¥ֲܡ˼ôû˶ôˣռҲ̫ǿ˰ɣôСҶ˶˵仰
ûմ飬ʩչṦ¥׸ӭǰƹһӣиСһڣ
ƹһʱûзӦʶ¥Ϸŵķһָδ£λİŮһԾֱӷ˶¥ȥš
Ҳ˹һ׵ƹУһλİŮĶȥˣ
ƹһֻֻάָ򷿼ûüջأĵʲôӣһ׬Ǯ
ŽʱҶɣһ˵Цžɣ̸ݲʮ˵ľ⻰ЩûףҲ֪Լ֮ǰ˵Щʲô
ҶƼţҲ⣬ǣԼߣкЩûɣˣ˿һ
ɣҶӵŷŵζԼĹǸжɣԺ󣬶뿪ˡ
һ·ܽһ仰ֵղΪʲôСҶӽ
Ƕһеӡǡɣ֮ǰδἰ£Ȼ𣬵Ҳû
һ˼ԭľͷ֮ǰ˵ǺСҶӵйأָСҶӵӣ֪˰һ˲֪
ԽԽЩͻȻԺﻮһͷﲻԡ
ԣľͷҼǵǰС̸Ƕһ峤СҶǱã

һȻڳͬʱĬ
黹ΪԼرָе棬ٷɿǰ֪˴֮ϵ𣬲֪ǰɣʲôģֲľͷôСҶӣһռǿòУ֮ǰмβΪ̸˵ˣԭǱð
˵ˡ˳ੲݣɫ̫á
ʲô˵ģ鿴һ۷ţͷųסԹԱ졣
ٴΡ
ҶӿһŭԵĳ飬С㣬֮ǰ˵ҪԾøɣһн𣿡
һȻ򣬡ŶǴã¸ˣԾ˵Ŵ´ｫԾóϣͻȻһ԰ȻСҶӾǶһ֮ǰΪʲôһõɣأ
С㣬ʱ򲻸ôʱ򣬿Բô
ҶӺԵǾ仰ԾݸɣɽׯİԾܿʲôΣ
ɣŰԾϸϸعۿһ̯̯֣㶼ôġ
ɣҶӲע⵽һۼѪ̧ۣ˵۵ô£
ˣû¡ɣ֣۵֮ǰȥ̽Ϣʱ򣬲עⱩ¶ݣϼβͣѾ˦ˣСˣձá
ɲСˣɣʱΪЩ˿ڲѿˣһѪϵİԾϡ
ǸǸɣøɾֻԾҪѪȴǾѪƵģһѪܿ뾵УʧһΣ漴ʧָ
ҶӼ龰һ˼С㣬ΪܻЩ˵ʳָҧƣѯʣѪָڰԾϿգѪһελԾ档
⾵һֻõޣҶѪһһЦɣĹٴ֣ԽԽʱϳһתŵİͼΡ
ǿ쿴һǰһֱΪԾֻ֣ΪԵñȽԭаԡ
ͼڶƺڸĳָʾɣŰԾϵͼϸĦš
Ҷžÿһת󣬷ֵΨΪ⣬ϵͼ֣ж졣δϣָĳ֮ء
˺ϵĲ۵ҶӰסѪָϷǻڣ֮ػָ
ﲻݣľͷҪȥ𣿡
ܲܺú˵ˣ
˾ʰձǰϷꡣ
ŷǲТŮżûҪߣȴѷԸһСһ˷źһſҶӺõСҶӼǵӦϷĻԺҪһϹͷҪ˵ĻһҲеġ
ݴ˷ģǴӦ֮£ҾŻ㡣Ҷӵζŵ뿪ˡ
ݸԺдʱֻʣ·Ҷˡ
̵زʯ·ϣ䲻ؿڣ⹫ϲ㣬㲻𡣡Բ¥Ժһ̸˵⡣
ˡҶָ̧ڶǰһƽˮǴǰ;δδֺ֪α˼ڵ֪׷ͺڷ˺һֵġ
˵ôɥĻЩõһסҶӵǴжƽ£һҪһ𣬳þá
ǡҶӵͷϵɫڽ֮ǰҲǰ֮˳þáϧ񴰻ֽͱˡ
żҶû˵ûЩţҲ˴˴¶Ժӣʱ·սͷסҶӵĶ֮ǰ˵Ļ뷴ڰɣ
ûСҶʶطϣǳϦ֮ˡֻǣһʱ֪ԽԽҵĹϵ


58 
һ˸·, һСׯ
վҶߣеİԾСҶ, ʾǴĿĵػжԶ
ҶָԾص, Щӵദ, ˾϶ߣԽܹеԡѾҪÿζԶһ˵Ѫֻ轫ַ棬ϵͼƱᷢת䡣
ʱ̽ǳŻ귽ǶԵġҶӽǰ˵ݡ
Щͼ˽⣬ҶӵĻͷԵľͺãʱ磬ǰ, ӦÿԲڴ
˵ڶǰ棬ûñһƵС, ȿǰӢµس˽ȥ
ڵڶλķŻ, һ˳
ȡȿȡʲôʲ, ζôŹ֣һ߿һĨᡣ
Ҷվڣûнȥ, ȹһЩ, ϵУ
ԽҶһ, к, Ǵ·ǲͨ, б·𣿡
ҶӶŰԾ۲Σҡҡͷ⾵ָʾҪ뵽ĿĵأͱôƬӡȻʴ˴Ĵ񣬿жԿķ
֮ǰֻӵ·ʱ;֮أδ⡣ȥһѰŷټĴӣľûмˡòѰһӵĴҶǰòˣ;˴ҪߵƬ֣֪ʲô취Կ˷е𣿡
ҶùɣǰʱɫͰһ֣˲ɫһ䣬æСǸ棬µúϣҷȰǻǱȥˡ֮ǰĶӡǴһڵ˲˹ģڻڴ嶫ڼоϡ
ҶĴ֣οӿݲǳôﶼû˴аȫ𣿡
̾˿֮ǰûʲô⣬ҲЩӣв֪ôͻȻһƬģ޷֮ǰԵĺǺòײӳڶֻʣ°ˡ
ԭˡҶӿղ˵ڶڴ嶫ڼоΣָλã
һ˸ݴָķܿ˴嶫ڣһ׵ӣẺӵڲϯϣɫ࣬вͣлţȷʵЩ˲˹ģ
һɫӰдţõҩιǷ£һˮ᣺δüθٷһҩǱɻؼˡ
ΡϤ
㣡˷ܵķǳĪһξ˷ܵػ֡ѩ£ǰסһ첲շ⣬һֱѰ㣬ôڴ˴
ѩ⼤ӣֻЦЦС㣬ǳ˵
ڴеС̣Щľ
˵ҹʱͻȻը١ԣҲ֪Ǵ˭ըҶѩ˼
ѩЦһڲ裬ȷʵ֪һǵ˭ڴʣųը˴
ǵʱ·ֱ¥ޡޡҹ棬ûۼ֤ըѵʱҴϻˣŰ˼⡣
ѽǾͱǴǱ˭ըˣڶƽˡٴѩĳȻϲУѩߵ㣬Щ㻹ôأ
ѩԳ˵ǲΪ⣬ڣһЩʦŵ;˵أĴˣ
ԴϲÿδʦǶϣ˵ǺԵְ

û˴ǲֵǮ˷ģҶ̧ͷѩŮǹø漼ɣҽ費ǳκЩϵζǿа취Ƴе
ѩ˵ͷգʱҲĥһĸԴȷʵһ̽
ҹ߶в㣬ѩ˵ǰҪһЩ׼Ǽ˱ڴеһ˼Ҽһޡ磬ѩһҩι£⼸һӡ
ѩӻͳһСҩƿÿ˷ַһҩ裬ǹƵıε¿ʱţܳʱޣĹʧЧٷ棬߳ӡ
ŷҩ裬ҪʱҵԴͷ𣿡
ѩһָһ㣬һĹǻûҵԴͷΪ֤ȫ˳ӣٴӳ顣
еζȻʮţ˱εıӣ嵹ҲûκβʡǰȻƣڰ㣬ﲻ⡣
ʱ˱һʮ·ڣÿ·ǰƲͷֻһĹ򣬲ȫꡣ
ǱȴȥɡҶӿ˿Ծ
û顣֮ǰӦв߹·汻̤úƽҶδγɶ谭ѩڶһǰһԽߣܸܵǰŨ
ҶӶһۣ˼ԶǰܴܿڲĶ䶼±εҲɴȴʼʶؼٿڡ
ʮɵ·̣ǰһʯһֻ;޴ĺɫſڶڣɫѪ۲Ƥë
ֻĺܡ߽۲ϸͬʾ
ѩһסڱܵʬԣȡ֮ǰ׼ۻʬܣ˱˸˵ƣȻ󽫻ӵȼۻ֮ϡ
˳һɣԶԶƼ⽫ڵĴһΧôԶȻŵЩ̱ǵζ
Ҳ֪˶ãζʧеҲɢȥ١
»صɽǰ֮ǰԵסڵĴһֻʣһ߽ڵĹǺѩ˸׳֦һڵڿӣһ߽͵տֻܵӦѾʮգʬѿʼãڽʬ״ȻҲˡ
ѾԴͷչ벻˳ʮֿġ
ûô򵥡ҶӿŵϽڵĹǺкôֻܵģǷ֮ȿųȻὫսƷ
ҶԲѩ͵صͷҸշһʬʱע⵽мץۣӦʲô¡
бܸޣ
໣黰䣬һҵ޺дǿҵıĲá
Զɽ·֮𶯣һɾ޴εѹȺ


59 Գ
Ҷվڶһ, ͻЩվȡ
ģһѹסҶӵ˺岽Զ
ŶڵλñóոշĴһ, һֻͷ˸ߡͨҰ׵ľԳ
ȥ, ԳǱƷְ, ôͷô󣡡黰䣬һҰ׳ëĴ׳첲űߵĵ棬˲ҳһСӣһƬ
鱻ͻȻƽľһ۽źһǸϽܰɣ
˭֪һתԳǱŭһ㣬˫۳׷ȥԳͷͦξ
һ, ṦȻ׷Ǳ, ΣܼʱƷ˾Գ, Լȫˡ
ۿžԳҪϳ½, ѩʰһʯͷעԳűȥ
ССֶƤľԳ޷κʹ, ȴҲԽעȥһԳʱŹǰ, ʯͷķͷ
㣡ѩԼ˻жӯ, ʱҲ˲ԼղǷ, ʤаҪԳϿȥ
Сģ֣ڳٴμŭԳǰס, Գ屻ƻǳ
㡭ʵҲͦ£ŻԳŵɫӰӾԵͲҲ޶
ģߡ˵Žקһ󣬷Ը򣬽ϣԵġ
ʱѩھԳΧתľƽʱŰ죬˹ؼʱ̶ȴʮΣ˫־ʤаʿ֮͵ıͷʹ
ȥ羮ڴֵĹӲرնϡſ׼ʱ׹һƣɱֱͦͦصڵϣƫеѹסԳһֻš
ѩʱʩչṦˣ֮ǰ׷ؾԳ˾롣
Գѹסжܵƣȴ·оʹֻš
ʱƶˣǿ鴵ȥʤаľмʱһɽׯׯӢ£ʱ
ҪմѪһֱһԾҶӼæֹʤаھԳϿһӣɫѪҺȾ˻Ұ׵ë
ԲԵʤаˣʤаϵɫҺ䣬һֲҶϣŻŵֲ̼񱻶ϸҶӽһš
ʲôôаš龰龪δҪý֡
ҶӰų飬͵Գ״̬ʮֲǱΪÿһ֯ɱŮʱû˿ڣԳµҺɽµֲͳͳȾڡ
ȻԳûи̫ʱ䣬ѹסԵŭɶŸĵ棬һС͵ī̵ѪҺ˿ϽһƬرսһ㡣
ô죬оϾҪܳˡ
˵õͦ׼ǾԳã˫۱סɣٽĹһ㳯Ⱥ衣
ᣬƽʱԳҲδ׽䱧ȻʱȴƱ׼ŭһ㣬ľȫҲҪЩóȻԼÿ
ڹ˲־Գȣһͣƾڳ֮˵ṦҪҲѡ
ڷųһϵмŭԳĲڼ䣬ѩѴϳһʵִһˣھԳԵϣԭء
Գܵǰֶ˰µĶɣ˫קסҪ֮ϡȻ֦ǼԵģֿĴһԣҪʱڳɱֱͽһҪѵöࡣ
ѩô˻ᣬקסΧƾԳܶʱԳݰ㱻˸ʵʵ
Žӹѩӹһˣۼֿش˸ᡣԳ˫۱ֻԭطԾ̤
ۼԳʱ޷ٶ˺黹ûʱһãƾԳı£а취
վھԳһɵľ룬עžԳĶɱԪףȥԳð
Ҫô죬ϵѪжֱֲӿеĳѧˡ
޶Ƥ⣬ҲûôױҶӿһ۳飬Цɡ
Ҷǰģ֪ˣߴٵСҶƽˣʲôӾͿ˵ɡ
ʱоһʮֶ͵ĸ𡣡
Ҷӻ䣬űʰʯԳ첲Ȼת´ȥ
סԳǷų֣ǾԳͷųӶҪԷȫ޲Ѱ쵽
Գ˫ܸȴɵģȻ֮ǰѹЩˣ׷ƾˡ
ʩչṦԾʱ¸ۼľԳԽԽһһԾʵסϵ
Գһֻ׷Լ࣬һǰΣŷ£˿յظųȥ
ֶָ֫ɵ˲£ʸһ˫ܸľԳԣֻʯֱµס
ʻص棬ļͬҲ˹
վб±أС̽ͷǴһˤ𣿡
ȷ˵ųɣ֣Ӹһ
ԣҪòŶ
С㡣ҶЦеؿų飬Ҫȥһһʹ졣
Դû֨СҶˣǰվһߵģھȻΪľͷңء
鷳˼ŰԾָʾķǰѩ;ۻƴһЩõĶֲк˴ʱеҲɢɾ
˸һ뿪Ǹӣ·Ӧþͺ˰ɣ
Ҷӿ˿Ծ˼ѾĿĵظˣǳߡ
ҮϽ·ɡʱ˻

ҶתѩףŮ˷ܰȫ˳ӣ㻹Ҫ¡
֮ǰ˵Ѿʦŵһ㲻ǲɡקסѩһ첲Ͱ͵
ѩɫس첲ЦС˵ûһӦһ⡣
ǣѰҺͼСֶӱӹ̶˱Ϊ̶ˡ
Ϊжһˣ֮ǰΪܣһ·϶ߴߴûͣקѩ˵໰Էʼջǳ΢ЦãʹǴ񾭵ĳҲʶԼֵЩˣΪ˱˲ͷ㽫עתƵķҶϡ
Ʋ֪һƲŷ֣Դһ·ΧձЩ죬ǰ޲ʱһˣ˫֮ŵķ϶а˿һϣȴǸһ磬֮ǰƹĳЩϰߡ
СҶ㣬ÿȥ۵ӣ㲻ȥһ𣿡


60 ˮ
г, Ծϵͼʱʱ˴Ħָʾתתգֱһǰ, Ӳһĳ״̬, ֮ǰһֱްͼʱŹâ̶סˡ
ӦþǴ˴ˡҶְֳԾ, ںԵ̽һϵͼɰվλϣ̶ֹ
ȥͦģҲûҴʤаںн˽
ɽ֮䣬ʮ
̧ͷĴһǰ֪ǰʲôڵȴǡǻϢЩ׼, ⵽г
˼ʮɣҵһЩ̵С, ׼ЩҴ÷г, Ȼټһ, ûһд⡣
װձʱɣ̲סϰѯʵϰ, ҿҴû, ƽ𣿡
ϰµĻǸĳ½, ûҪôĵط
, ·ʱƼһ
ˣ˵Ƕ, Ǻľͷأû˻ȥϰ彫װõձݸɣ͹٣ӭ´ιˡ
ĬĬһۣ뿪ձ̯
еձдƣĶ˵ûдܲιȥɣʱʪСҶӣĶȥ
Ҷûͣ½ŲһҲ꣬ǲ׼Щܹˮ
ʲô㻹ιȥдŲԸͲס⼸ͬҲ׷߽ꡣƼҶһ˵ˮЧܰǰȻʱɫڳɹ̿
ˣ⼸ӳ鿹кϰˡ
ֵ֮ӻЩֽ֮һľĵꡣ
鱻ͣĹŪһͷˮЩ
ιȥĻָһصľԳ͹æľ
֮ܵĺڳһܣľ
νһ죬֮ǰµľ飬вȫҪʱһܹ˵ľҲ¡ڳ˳˳飬ڷҶӵָֹ£ʱһȹ̿ľ
Ϣһҹڶһľȥ
קǰ棬˵Ϊʲôôһľôʱһ
Ϊ㶼ûľŰͥŲں档
ΪҪȻûѩӳ߾΢Ц
ΪС书׿ɣ˸ơ
ҶӼһŭԵģǰȥӳеӣС㣬ɡ
úúãСҶӶˡظҪӽҶУյһ۵ֻĬĬק֡
ſҶӣֿ۳飬ǰеİȫڳ黳š֮ӹľ
С·̣ɷšɣѩһľʱ֮ǰϡ
һ£һЩĸ׵˽ûãɰСҶ˵ˡֻҪСҶˣǱľͷģͶ˵ˡ
»صðԾͼȶλãľ˳ľȥ
ȷʵǱϰ˵ƽû˻롣ԽУΧԽǼžΡɽ壬ֻһϸֳĺӣˮ
ںֱֱֻһԶѣҲõĻд򣬾˸̫̾˳ʱľײҵײһ£ʱһƬˮϵҶӲ㱻ˤˮУҿһԵķۼֿһѻס
һײˮҶӻû˵ʲôڶĳ鱻һ⡭ˮ£ණ
û˵һֱ§סҶӵƣһֳֹˮдȥˮ׵Ķȴиܵÿÿȥֶ˸աż£ϳ˴һ̲ˮʲôûУľԽҡ
ľʱɺ֮ãûʮʵǵµĶôһײľмܿѿһ죬ĺˮɴ͸
ȥС
ŴӰó֮ǰ׼ķˮףһԼϣһݸѩŮ鷳һͬˮȥѰһѰЩ飬ľϺúñ
һֻڼʱŻյسƺȫصͷȡ¼ˮ׷ָҶɣۼѩõ˷׷ºԼͳֽľͬǰ
ʱеˮѩ㳹Ǳ䡣ǷڸˮʱǽסһˮǣԼʹˮҲмȫҺһĹڷײľΪǱԵĹϵƲģ
ŷŻСؿˣǶʮŰνܵźţתХųϴȥ
żٺˣˮе޷½ʱǰ磬ȻĶסǶƹ֮ޣǿ˦æÿеֻһѳ볯Ƕϴȥ
Ƕʮһһ飬ȴһ˿ʹķӦûУѸʣȱһܿ첹ĵĹȸǰ
һԵѩҲûкö٣߳õǳ񲼣ˮչȫƾơֶֻʱδܽȴҧĳ񲼼ҵײľѩЩķ顣
ľϵΣգԽҵײľϳֳԽԽķ϶ĺˮû롣ǰ׼ˮʱѳΪ˴ֻгһջ㾫տѩˣֲܶľͬˮֻܶվľԵðͷĶһһ
ľٴξҶһְסľԵȴĵƣѪ˳
ɣҶͻȻôѪּۣæóҪ
һ¡ҶӾܾɣĺ⣬˼ؿľϵһ̲Ѫֻ֮ǰˮĶʱȴʲôвƵģ׷˺
ѵѪΪ֤ԼĲ룬Ҷӽƾٵľķ϶ϷѪҺ϶γһƬľײײܹԸеࡣ
˽ҶһϲתͷԳС㣬潫סȥǡ
ǲϣУΣգҪȥľͷǵҡ
㡱Ҷ˲סָȻĺˣЩҵѪһᱣԼĹ򣬾ͻҪɣǵľ
Ҷ˵꣬ɣֹһͷ֮С


61 
ҶǱľײ, һ۱Ƽɫķѩˡ첲ȥѪҺںˮɢЩˮǰĹֶ, ڴܵ帽, ˸, 뿪ˡ
ҶӺòߣϵ˿ҪᣬΧΧĹֶֶֻ
ſҶҲ˺ּʱ첲סĶֽܣսеֹˮֱϵǧӽпšҺ״屻飬ֱϵδ˼֣һ, ⶫס˲ӡ
ҶӼŴʱٲά裬˼, ǣסţͣӿ˲, סֹˮĽ, һֳĿӡʵѪҺںɢʹˮҲܸܵŨŨѪζ
űǰһĻ, 漴Ӧ, һסҶӵֹԲеΪһֹֻˮЩĹȻĽϵ, ֮ǰ˲ѵˮ, ȴˮ֮Ｋ־壬֮ӴܡŸоԼһ˫»ָ, ȴһֻﶼûдС
ҶӼ˷Ч̧𱻷ʾȥѩǱߡ
ոЩˮı֣ſǲԣҲЩһƺҶӵѪʹۣʱҲò˼졣
ѩ书Ϊڷ֮ϣʱûôˣȴҲЩֶùǺҶӱŴεߣܵĺѾ˼£ȴʶַ̧ѩĸ첲ϡϵ˿ڻûụ̈ѪĶ˺ˮѩоϵᣬתڹˮߡ
ľһƬˮȾ˺ɫŸое³ͷһʹ͸ˮҲƼǴĿĵĲ԰ɫĵһֽҶӵϷ˷һַˮľȥ
ľķ϶ɣӽ˽ʱ̽עźµĶƼðͷæ׳ӽͬʱѩҲľһˣԾϡ
˶ŷˮףϱûϵˮľϵγһ̲ˮŴӰȡӣҶӲȥͷϺϵˮգһֱ촽ֻԲ
صľϺһҶӲŻָЩʶ֮˵䣬һֻסԷƣҡҡû£ǸողǺ˿ˮѾްˡ
ǲСĻѻҲûнҴƽĶۣǲҶӵѪѩûаܹ˳ԼǱȵǸˣȴǰޱȡ
ҶӼ˷׷׳ԼͶĵĿ⣬òƳĬӻóԾϲѪĨھϣͼ֣תζûҪͣµ˼
ýһƼ⾵״ô£⾵ʧˣ
ˡҶЦſеľӣǿҪյĿĵˡ
ʱ䶼ĬѩҲ̲סʣǺν⣿֮ǰкôһȷķָʾȴ¡
ҶӿһȦˣһ·ԾΪָǽ˾ϣ֮ǰԶ룬ָ·λһдųܵţ޷ʾ
һȻؿŰԾ벻ɽׯôȻǸ˾ϣ
ҲδءҶӽԾŻسУ⾵ӸһԱֻ֮˵˾Щ֮ͨС㣬ԭȡȿȡ
ӹӣûü˵ʲôͼһŵرҶԼһԱߣ񶼲õˣȲ˽ˡ
ҶӷֻʧѪܺŻֶݵ÷һ𽥻ָЩѪɫľϵķ϶䱻ɣ°ײι̣ôСвٺˮ˽ľһ̲βСˡ
Ų˸λãⷤӸоɢˣ֮ǰĶЩʲôﰡôᡣ
Ӧĳֹ˿ԭס񣬹ֲ֮ǰϵ˶Ը˴Ҷӻ䣬ľӽʯϲײĿøЩ
ҪιȥˡҶЩεؿЦ
ܶ಻⣬ⷤȷʵԳ˼ǰУľ׳ˮǰһ̣׷ױϰԾǰȥֵǣ˴ˮ±֮ǰ⵽Ϯů࣬ΧҲûбĹǰһСˮ·̵ǻ˳
Ҷ֮ǰ˵˴ĿĵؼˮûζãˮƼһѨ˴Ҳûѡ˳ŶѨ˽ȥ
붴Ѩ󣬱ǽһȫµأǰһ̻ȫˮˣڷ»һκһڸĵصС
׼ĳӶͳҹ飬ͬһ˷һţŻֲָĵصʱ¶
ʯڿȥݲǳɫĺۼ˱ϵĻͼҶӾҹ飬߽۲һǽϻźȴƼǽɢŵһð׹ǣˣᾡҲʶǱͻӾúһ
¡һסҶӺ󱳣ҹǽգˣֻûܳȥ
ôԽԽаˣ鵨ӵǴŽɢĹͷߵһڳǰ·
ṹһĹʱȨΪޣǲٹΪĹ֮Ϊ˱ܣйȫĹᡣŽյһĵûңⲻҼأĽַǹġ
鱻һɣڨڨ˵ȻأҵȻҪƼʲôȤ΢һûϵɣ
Ҿ֪ɽׯׯʱ˵Ĺá
һˣһڶǰУھصսʱͻһȺѹѹڿռХųԼ߳塣ʶػӽֵɹնԼֻߣûӽķ϶䣬ϵʬƳһۣɫᣬȴϲ١۲죬ԴԴϵķйǰͺ̵ӿǰͬ״Ҳ׷׼ս
Ȼʵڶ࣬ûõϵʬ㱻ϥǸߣڿй˵Ĺȴ˿ûмٵļ󣬺ѹѹһƬмΧ˸ʵʵ
ʱ˻ãֿȭɣҶӾûˣﲫ䣬ǵĸ첲Ѿ˺üӡ
ż״ߺһԾգʮֹˮһưϣһʱΧķйͣͲǰȻβδάֶãĹǲƵģ׷״ӷŵĽӿ롣
ųֽǽϼһ𻨣ҶǼֻһ¡һӿ䣬ǰļֻﱻǽų˺һء
ƺ»⣡Ҷһ仰ע⣬з׷׳մӰȡӵȼܼĵط衣
ҶӲ²òսЩ֮ǰڵĹǣǾʲôת˸Ӱ١ǴʱϻѻϥǸߵʬ壬һнþһþ
СˣŸս͸ǸÿսԶǳ顣
С㣬ǰˡ˵ų飬ǣסҶһȽյʯǰ


62 һ
ʯŹصʮʵ, ֮Ҳ޷ƶ֡ҶʯϸͻȻƼʯŵһи״ʮֵİۡ״졣
С, 鷳ٽԾһá
鲻, ԽԾݵҶϡ
ҶõԾ, ̽ھͻļǴŪǽӲŲһλãʱԾ״ǰȫӦ
ҶӶ׼ۣСĵؽӷУֻ¡һʯűƿˡ
˴ʯţĿ֮һռ伫ĴƻֺССʯȫȡ
ΪĿıһ˸ߵʯٸվڲͬλʯ, еʯվˣеʯվ߰ˡ
ųһʯٸ߽, Ҫϸ۲һȻδʯٸߣʯٸȴǻһ, ̧۳ָͷȥ
һæ˼, ʯٸڸûٸܵҲ¸첲, ָ֮ǰֹվơ
Щʯٸ, лزݡŻصſڴжϵ
Ҷʰһֻ, û˲˵Լж, Ҹտ˿ЩʯٸվλӦǱʯٸΪý鲼, Ҫҵµͨ·Ƴ󡣡
Ҷ˵꣬СıܹȺʯٸڴ߳һֵ·ߡ
СҶʲô𣿡Ҷÿ߼ͣ۲һɺ淢ʡ
ǿ֪Ƕһ֮ӺζҶûֱӻش⣬Ǵеĳ裬νʮľţ˶һϰռʲʵǽѰǸȥһʮΪ֮һһλӶŤתǬ仯ʼԶһǱҲ
ӣȻҲ̫סһ
ʲôɲ׵ģСѾͷ˼˵ԭʮܲʮӣһܲռһӴҶȡһܲ˳ʮŸܲһӴ¿ӣ׷ױĳ뻻ӣǾͳ˸ֱ仯Ųʮ
Ŷ˵Ҿˣ˵ȥҵǿܲγȻ
ûǰܲͷ
ŰԵľҪڱ˵ɰܲҶЩЦáŵĹ۲죬˴б˸ݺԲ󷨣ͬʯٸվڶӦͬλõʯϣԵλվ˾ŸԷλ˸Էλ߸Ƿûվˡ
Ӧþǳˡں֮УԶӦǶҶߵԷλͺͺʯǰתͷͬǵٹһˡ
ȺĬϷųСҶߣûԵɣȻȻǣסһֻ֡
ҶӶԴϰΪǣŷŲǰǿʯ塣ʯ³ֱͬһˮƽϡܵʯٸиӦ׷׾еıʯߡ
ˡˡнеĽŲʯϲ̤ͬʱŵģʯŲĦֻ󷽵ʯǽһ죬Ų
·ˡż״һϲǣҶ¿ٵͨȴͻȻоʧأ֮ǰ˵ʯͻȻ½
ʶ§סҶӣҪʩչṦصϡȻⲨʧùͻȻûκγ壬ǽֹˮ̽ʯУٶȥ˿µ˫˫ˤࡣ
ʱҶһֺĴֱʯߣͷϷͬܿ΢΢ֱûһ졣ŴʱһֱҶӣһֵֹˮϣ屻쵽ޣ㺹˳Ŷͷ䣬˳ԼҶϡ
ҶӸܵŴʱĳҶĸֻСشӻͳҹΧĻ˴ܶʯڣΧѰԵʸͷĹѾСһ㣬ԴṦɻȥͷҶӴ´һöͭңȥƬ̺顱һ졣ãе׵ġ
ʯ룬Լʮɸ߶ȡҶֲ̧Ŷǵϸٱƽ࣬һᱧ㣬˫һסֹˮʯаγٴΣɻУ
û⡣֮ǰֹڽϵȷʮֳҶӵĻסȷҶѾԼ˫ס˫ȵʯϽγ»ָ½˫ŲʯĦĹٴһѲʯڵķ϶УһƬ𻨷ɽ㻺ס½ơ
Ҷٴνһöͭȥصףʱ䣬ȸղһ롣
ˣЪϢƬ̣ղŵĶظһ˳ء
첲𣿡ҶڵվȺ󣬵һʱһ첲ҽϵļأǡ
űӣһ䡰С²ڻ¡Ҷ˽ŹԼģĵһ˳ʾţۣ첲оء
Ҷŵ䣬ҹ⣬ȻƼһƬۣ۵ָఴкЩ
ţʮֺʡذ۾ûЩͷȴǰСѾͷ۾֪ʱӣʱװҺôҲϰ֮ˣˡ˵ҶӲţŸ첲ڿлȦ
ˣղźôȱôҶӼģڷһְסͣ԰ڵĸ첲Ĵң뿪
ʯߵײĵЩʪˮĺۼҶӲЩϣһʯǽǰ
ҶӶһЩָЩʪ󣬡ʯǽһˮ룬Ӧ
ԡŽҶֻվʯǽǰ˫ƽϣʯǽһ
䡱һʯ׷״ǽ䣬ʯǽвҲĳһӡ
ż״һϲȴҶסһֻ֡
ʡЩɡҶ˵ŴӵϼһǷʯ飬˳ǽвĿӱѺۻʱOO@@ʯ
ǽ峣ˮʮִɢ˺һӺ󣬺Ѻ۱ݿӿ
סȥ·ʯǽŪһȫµͨ·ǰﲻڳʪʯߵײ״뼸ʱĵصơ
Ҷǣŷ̤̤ʵĵϣŴ˴صߣǺܿɣǻ档
صòգڹԶǿҶӵȼӣֹˮһ·ϽҲ˸߰˰ˡ
Ǹпо˳֮ʱҶͻȻͣǽһļ²ȵģ
ôˣһ̧סҶӵĸ첲һİ
û¡ҶſڣȴδڷпصеıʱڵĹʲô̼궯ϴιµϵҹ֮ĹѾ˿ʱˣƫƫʱ
żҶ㣬³Ӧ֮ǰĶǰִҲûܹúϢĵط
㡣˵ŽҶӵĸ첲Լϣһסһּֽ
Ҷӱ˵ãȷʵҲޣֻſڷݵıϣһϸһĹƸϽͣ


63 ʱ
Ϊв, ҶӵرͬŮҪࡣŸо縲𣬲ԽСȽ¾ʲô, ëƮˡ
Ҷӿǰһֻﱻһ, ¶ǰͨ, ʱ˿Լͷڷżѡ
굱µϰŸоϵԽĬǻܸܵЩȵĺ΢ҪԼʱŵĲһˣһ˸ߵżޡ
˯ҪҪҽ¸ҶſڷżϣԺ仰֮ǰȥǩʱ, Ž±ţһЦ, ڸͣûõĹֿʼ궯
áҶᡣ
Сʱÿ춼๦Ҫ, ǻСС;ͻʮֹ, ߵСҲˣֱʱ, ĸһСӴ, ұáŽҶУ˻, ҵʱɿ, Ϊ֮ǰͬһֱСģиСĿԱˡǸСӳ÷۷۵, رɰ
Ҷ˵ʲôǻߣߣǺôˣ
ұˡ£ЩЦãС㵱ʱߣŴŴһ޺ģ˭֪ߺħòСҽн㣬ССҲ֪ĶѧģһЩֵֹĻأʱ͵ϮҲԸľͻȻַɳΪĸѵҺüΣǲû档ֲܸ״ôСôװԣ˭ôɶ񰡡
۸㣬㵱ʱǲǺҶ仰ʱԼûһ˲ͣ١
ûСŽϵСеøȣϴЦ⣬һֱϲȻǰֶңҸоõж⡣ʱҵݣ˱ɫ¶ȥˣǻΪСסͬ۸ңҶŸɣҲʱ͵͵ҩĸʱװתעֻ֪Сñϲķʽֻ۸һ˵ҡ˵ţ¶֮ɫ
ʱȷʮ㣬ϾôСУܹԹ޻ڰ۸״ģֻһˡҩĸѵ̫ݣΪ˿ɳչ
ҶԽԽԼСʱĺܻЩ§סŵĲӣû֨
ûвҶӵ˼Թ˵ʱһֱţЩȻӦٴЩЩȻҽн㡣ʱôССһֻҲ֪ΪʲôöÿһҪұԣҶ֪˽·˶ٴˮŸоϵЩսϽС꣬һ治ĶˡСʱҸࡣ
СҲܸߵġҶӽڷǰһƷ˿𣬱𵽶˵ʵԼСʱ츳ߣɵͬС档ţȷʵСУвŻҲȵһŸղ˵ûΪ⣬ŻɵЩעС
𣬿ôһֱء֪ϵ˿ŻǱ죬ί˵ұˣ͹ҽн㣬ҶôŬˣǴϹҽн㡣
㡭Ҷִڷűϣᣬһֱܸ߳С
ԡԸԴɣʹصأҲôδйĿΪڵĹϵֶһ˵ļ¶
ʱ˾һ䴦һȺȭͷĻҰ׳Ӵӵصһ֡һַסϵҶӣһֳֹˮڿһˣҪˡ
ʱɣѩˣĿ÷Ҷ˵ʯʱΪһξ룬Ԯֻ˳Żؼµͨǰߡ
ԽĵĹֵķֵĻأǰ֪ʲôڵšһҶǸģԵʮûףֲԸͬǰ¶ӣ׳ŵǰ棬Ǳ£бСڣᱣǵġǺúøҺ棬һľͷǰȫϡ
һϴһǰͻȻоױʲôץסŵ÷һĲҽС
𶯡ѩסļ磬͸侲Ƕ
ץסһֻӵصġǵ֮ǰںˮмƣʮֶˡ
ѩǶ΢һȴ˿ûɿĴ㡣ɣݹӣҲ֮ǰصеĹǰη
ô찡ԽץԽˡ鼱ÿҪ޳¶ˣЩֵֹС
ѩǹ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻһסͷӵصݺݶǽϡ
һĻڵʯ֮䣬ĿɿڴؿǰŮɫƽزϵҺһʱЩԼ۾
ѩһ͵ĳ飬ЦЦǰʱһЩȽֵĶ֣ʱʱԼ˫ֲЧ
ǹȶģ֮ǰʱЩʲôְ
ΪղŵͻϮ·ʱʮע£һһģ±ʲôֶץס
һȴǲײǽĳأߵʯſʼתվúܽ˶һͬ˽ȥ
ʯŵһһΪͨʯֵֹıڻ˿ϸʯڷ϶оȭͷСĻҰ׳ӣƹƷǹƣسͨȥ
ʤаһһС涼гɽȻŵСԴԴϵز
³ӵĳ״ˣ̫˴ˣܰ
ŮڵͨбһȺвֵĳ׷ŷӴܣⱲӻδ˻ʧɫ
ۼԽԽͻȻһԵʯһֻֽס

һקס飬Լֳֻɣѩʾ⡣
ȫʯţŰ»ؽʯŹرգǼֻӸ˽󲿷ֶ⡣
û˵ظСˡľͷСҶӣû̫ˡ̧ͷȴҶһɫ԰׵ģֵСҶӣ㿴ȥܲӣǱĹֶ𡣡
˵³飬Ҷ±𣬡֮ǰʯߣҲһ·Сĸյ˴áո׷ЩŹּһӦǵصĳֹƳ棬СѾͷڵĹӦ۵ģ֮ǵ뷨Ѱȫĵطı·˵ŻӽֻŷĹƳ档
ȵ˴ʲô֣ѩų񲼽Ƴһߡ


64 Ĺ
С, ǰԾ㻹𡣡Ҷӷסż
ǵȻôΣ, СҲܲڽɽׯŪ˵ŽԾóҶ, ôԼǸЯܰԾβֿء
ҶӽӹԾ, ˵Ҳ֣⾵Դӱص֮У񱻷ӡһ㣬ôڣҲʾͼѰ졣ҶҧָͼٴѪȴʧˡ
Ҷӽӵݻظ飬ȴû, ԾŰɣҲֻео
˴ʱһʮֿտĴ, żʯŷĹƳ棬ԼǽϿȻıڻ, Ψһͨ·Ǹղų˽ʱʯ, źΧĵĹƳ棬һʱѡ
ʲô, һֱڴ˴, ЩЩԼ뿪ɡһ仰͸ʮ顣
ſһʱ׼İ, ֮ǰװĵķˮѾó, ھʣһЩ棬ԵЩס
, Щӣܴס˵仰ʯߣһߣһʯϿ֮ûصдǻأ䣬Ҳ֮ǰߵصзһزŵԽ
ʯںǺʵ˺ü飬ǺܳƵĻ졣Դû̫ʧҪȥһ飬ȴҶӽס
һ¡Ҷ𶯵İԾָűڻϵɴŵ˫n۲ȥ
n˫۴ʯ飬ŷù쳣ǰҶ˵˫ָȥ
n鱻Ϳɫ֮ǰڻΪһ壬ȻʱȴŷָĶԽԽٲȻʯש
n鱻һףǰıڻҲɶ֮ƣǸǰʱƼڻչֳĺĹء
ݱ֮ǰκһӶҪשʯΪ񣬽ⱾİĵصյԡıڣҲһ㱻˱ڻ
ͬЩıڻǰ㲻֪ƣıڻ졣
ŵĿǽϸʽڻѲӣԺֳ︡
һŹٸһɻƽŵ١
ݲؽ
һ׼Ӣ佫ǹں˴Ⱥɱ
࿹ū
һʿװ˾ٱƣԱʢŭ
˷ơ

ŽЩݴһ˼ЩˡѲɴ˴أ
ʱҶеİԾǳһֱķӡâʢ
⾵˯ô׼ɻˣ鿴ҶӣЩУСҶӣʲôµķ֣
Դ䣬ҶӸоڵĹؾ٣Ҳ֮ǰǰܡӷű£аڷŵļڹײģֻмǿڹײΪݻ˾ͼԱߵļڱӣǲʵ񻨶Ҫࡣ
ҶסеİԾԱžӱľϵĿ̻˼һ·ҵĶһڹľС
һ⻰ˣǸϽЩײһڿƿҵЩ뿪طˣľͷ֣Сһ֮ͷۣʱȻö˹ľʲôԡ
Ҷӳֹ֮ǰѾһһšס죬Է嶯֮¸ʲô顣
Ҷûж࿴ףߵԱһʮֵ͵ĹԣסԾ˫ֺʮϣһʮ˴Ҷǣߵϡ˵˫ϥڹǰʮϵߵס
鱻šҲǾԭСҶȫҶǣͦġ
㰲һ㡣ûп飬ֻȫעעҶǱߵĶ
ֻҶӵͷ£һˡĦǿڹײϵĹ׸ǣȻƿˣ
Ҷ֮ˣֻײһ¹ڣ治֪˺Բ˵塣
Ȼһ¹ڣ
ʱ༸ͬҲ߱򿪵Ĺײǰ׷̽
֣ԭĶȥˣСҶոΪι棿һԡ
ҶԾó徵ӱͼƣǶһ˳Ҳи·гƾѧ֮ཫ֮ʷʷȣˡݴ˼ڻʾ˴ǺĹôԱЩľУ֮ˡÿľϣвͬ״ĵƣŹ֮˵ݡǸŽĹУɵɡ⸱ײϣͼԾʮƣŰԾҲǳԶһ壬Ҷ²⣬⸱¹ԭ˱
ҶеİԾκʱҪԾñطѣǿҵ𶯡
ǿ쿴·ѹʲôһԵɣۼ
붫˷һģҪҵĺͼɡŻ䣬Ѿֽ֮óһƤģЩˡδøϸЩֻһ󡰸OO@@죬Щ֮ǰڱϺ۵Сײģ׸Ƿ׷ױ˴ƿһޱĿ˴˫ǰվ֮ԾǰǶϾһֽѰʮơ
ãĹеĻأ쳷ˣ練ӦķһѱҶӣ̤ľȫ෴ķСҲ׷׷ӦʩչṦ롣
ڸղҶӿۿ˷ײĵͬʱĹҲһһ˾˲޴ȥ
ŽҶӷ밵Уۼܵɣ㱻׷ϣҲ˲öĹ˲ԽԼһ׸ǣ˻ȥڷŵڻ£һм㶼оյؽ°밵Ҷ·лأͬ鶼Ϻ󣬰»أԾſĿͳͳ⡣
˴ǵĹµ֮ͨǰĹͬԵʮİխ
óҹ飬һ˳龪δûĹ֮ôóˣͲܶĹе㾴η֮ġ
ͻȻ׵ĳһ޹ĹѰҺͼ֮Ĺк
СŵĳǵһνĹĹΡ
ҶӼίͰ͵ģԲˣʱ㰲ȫȿųСȡǺɡ
ԸϽӻͳոȡõƤױƵҶǰСָһ㣬һ˶˷ĹľУŵĶǺͼɡ
ҶӽӹƤҹŲһֻŸͨĹеͼ
ǡҶҡҡͷ
ϱһαΪվɥʳ̶ȿƴ
ҶӹͣƬ̣´˸ͼͼǻܿҵͼˡ


65 
Ҷ, һۿͼ棬ָƤ·⼸, Ǹովĵط𣿡
Ҷӵָ˳ŷָλû, ˵ʱĵص, ƽʯٸصҡķ䣬ǸոյĹڡҶָⲻŵһ΢΢ָ⴫ﵽͣƬָֻ̣µģڣӦǴĹԱߵĵصС·ǰߣһֱͼĵطҵǴѰ֮ˡ
ͼùȻ꾡, СҲûô̽ſԴմմϲһ, ʼǱԣϸʼ˼СҶ, ôжͼͼĵط
˻һ, ͬ˲ԼͬͶȥĿ⣬ҪûۻĻ, Щ, ôд˵֮ͬɫ
С㣬ƽʱϰ֮, Ӧö顣
˺ĵûд, ҶӴӻóԽĹûͣİԾڴ˵°֮, Ծ֮ǰһֱεźƺͷţҶƸھʱ¿ʼת˸ΪԣӦƤͼͼλòıϡ
˻һ˫ָܿ㵽˵ͼʾͼλá·ľͷһȪˮԵصðγһСȪ˴ûҲûаԾʵʱ˻ǲߴ˷
ǰû·ˣӦûߴ֮ǰĳ˺һֱĬҶӡ
ҶȪǰȪˮ絽գˮɢܵĳӰ죬ó״
ͼǾ֮Ҷһ˵ţ·Ϊ֤ԼĲһ㣬ԾˮγɵͼСԾļ룬·ı˴˴ӰȪ״ĳִųֻˮƶٶ𽥼ӿ죬һƬг࣬ʮ˴СˮӰڰԣĿ·ʱҪһ㡣
ۣǼһڿңСǸƤģ±ϵĿעӡ
ڿ㣬ڿʯǽҶ˵ţߵ֮СûʯڣһţһͬƶŰԾж
ҶõʯʱȻһ죬ͬʱеİԾٴηǿ𶯡
Ǵ˴ˡҶӸо˿ʯשĲͬѰưȻ֮ǰһ㣬ʯשҲǶɻġʯשһۣԱߵһʯשȴͷ
ʯשڲпգһֻʯϻӣҶȡϻеĵһѾõ޹ǣؿͼȡҶóҹ飬Ĺ⽫޹ϵĲͼͶӰʯϣͶⲿָպһͼ
źͼںǺĪǣһƬССĹͷҶǧ֮Դɻ
ûǺͼѩ֪ʱҶߣ֮Χ˶δ
ȷ汦Ŭʡ
ȻΪҲǳӰѩ˵꣬Ҷ֮˵Ȫʯǽϣһ·ˡ
㣬Ǻ⣿ͻıóȫ״ҪǰѩʸףȴֽŲԭأʲôʱ򣬱˵Ѩ
ͼڹˡС㣬ˣӦۡΪ֪˶ԼסѨʱΪ壬ѩʱĶ໰
ĴܴͬҶȻԭˣ֮ǰһֱףԾΪλɣպϵĴΪλͻȻը٣ΪÿζǡóǾĵط
ѩЦЦҶӵļ׷䣬СܴϧӦЩˡûɽׯ򿪱ȡðԾĵһǰˮҲңΪ⾵ʵ̫Ѹˣûƽеİأǵжһˣ˯ͷץɲҵ˼ǼͷԼ򵥵¾ͰçҶԴǺܲϿɵġⲻְȻ𣬻İԾһ棬˵ӦҪлҡѩЦúܿģ·˺ܴĹһ㡣
ԣʵҲǰ¥һԱ𵱳ԼξǹȵķǣѩƷԣڲ
Ҳô˵ɣҸǼͷԼ򵥵ЩϣϲԼɡǿͼǵ𡣡ѩǧѰõ޹˻ΣЩҫζ
Ű˹ѨȷʵƻܣҲܻģû˵һ䡭
ڻ𣿡ѩھڷųѨͻȻԼƽǰһٴνסȵ̨չʾģҪ߳١ѩŷһţЦᣬҡӲΪԼǷɰˣҵһ֮ء
ѩʯϵĻأȻȷʵһЩ£Ҳǽɻ󣬻ǺԻģǲǣ
͸еӰۼɫıӰˮԽԽСֻ¶ߵһ䣬һڡ
ѩʱú׼һĹ󣬷ٴγ忪ѨһʱԵͬǽ⿪Ѩ
ۼҪ󹦸ɣȴͷͬ鱳̣ȱʣ˭ﶼܡʹ֫ȻЩĬѹ֡
һ·ߴߴ;ûͣĳʱ˸ƵģüۣỨ˳ջһʪۡ
ˡͳ־飬ʶ˲壬˭ûиϹԳʱ´ѧˡ⻰ڰο飬ҲڰοԼ֮ǰжѩжܡ
֮ǰûϸ롣Ҷ̾˿һһǣסѻķ飬ǵѾһһҹˣЩ뿪ɡ
⻰˻أ԰յļˣеĸѾ·ϱԵòˣͼѶٲϽ뿪ֻ˶ýڴ˴
ѩֻΪᱦδҪ佫ƤͼͼһߣҲû·ϸ°ӡֻǵѨһʱ䣬ĹƾṦҪأ˭Ҳ޷̽ĺۼǹ̫֮ͬ꣬ԸԭѾҪˡ
ҶӴʱû˵ͼƾĿı죬ŵͼѰͼʱѽͼϱǵĵص˸8Ųʮǲͼ괦ڲͨľ롣ҲΪʲôѩʱֱӶ˺ͼֻ뿪
Ĺһ·ӦǼĹߵ˳һ·ҪлǰѩǰɨǰϰſͨɵŹƳʬףҲܽʱսĳƲһ֣֮ǰˡ


66 Ѫ
ŵص, һȻܶ׵Ӷ£ڵͶǳһӰ, Ĺ, Ϊĵط
ʦ, ˵ߴĶڣǳ𣿡ɣͷ̧ڻ۵ĹߣǴʮɾ룬ƾṦȥɡ
ΪѩṦ֮𣿡ҶڶѲһʯǶļʯ壬ǰһԭˡ
Ҷת, ƾṦ̤ʯϵļʯ, ˳ﶴڣ
Ӧÿԡɡ˳ҶָķȥЩɵʵӦû΢һ, ǿԣ
ǴǶһʯءҶָʯпյ롣
û⡣ηŵص˵ͷ
Ƿýʯĵطʯ, ǶʯڡʹǼṦΪɣҲԴ˽, Ծڡ
̴Ӷ, ڵص״һһҹػ
ڲ󣬽һͨ, λеһŹ, ʮֲۡ·Ҳֻᵱ, 뵽ڴ֮»źε벻ĹĹ
ĹеĹ⾰Ҳ˸ǺֻúҼҿջЪһЪ
ӵĽṹ㸴ӣҲ̤ĺۼΪ̤СǰʱƼǰʯɽš
ɡһ·϶ŵԴĳƼʯ˼񣬡˵õƿսǳɽׯϴûɵǰ
д˵ԨԴҪǰȥݷһżѵÿڣӻ
ˣӣƼ˶Ǳ죬ͷ뿪
ǿǺɣָʯײЩʺʪ
ѪʵģǳˣҶӿɣָһص
ӣ벻ȥݷҲˡʼ磬СԷŵΪ˽⣬˵Щǰ塣˵ֱӵ㣬ɶ¶ȥһ¡ôҲͬˣԼΪɽׯׯѣͬҲ޶á
ɽǰСȥ·һӶδƼԽǰߣϵѪԽػƵϻһֺĹ켣˼״вԤҲԽǿҡ
ֱ쵽㳡˲ڵƼһŲɷεĵӣϸƣȴѾûϢ
˻űˣǱѰˣǺ˴鿴Ѫ߰ߵĲɵӣһ̵
߽ȥơ
Ż£ڶǰʶսеĽܵĶ
㳡˺öˣδ߽
˵Ŀڹ㳡УֻʯɵĹ㳡ϣ˾ǲɵӵʬ壬ֺѪȾʯשɢ߽ЩܷЩ޲ʹ֮ɫÿ˶֮ǰһ㣬ȫơе˻δȫ£ŽվʯשϣĿѣȴҲûϢʬɽɺ׳һۿȥ˼ޡ
˾˱£ܲɫȫɣ鱻ǰһĻˣôһ֪Ǻá
ֶκֺܶ˼ɣ˭ڸ̽̽ȷϵȷûҴߣԳøϽʦ飬ҲϽɽׯ¸֪ׯ
ǰ֮ȷʵ˼˵Χ˵ͷ뿪ʱ㳡һͻȻӿһȺˣвŲɷΡ
ȻôҴߣż״ԸпοǰһվǰĲɵĿȴǳ֮
ǣǺôͬţǸƴˣ
ʲôֻ·˴
һ±Ƶ²ɵӵĹƣδ֮ģʮ
ⲨֻڹΪ׵ĲɵӴ飬ƺİŮӱƵţҲ׷׼սȺдԲɵΪҲһЩɵʿЩҴĲɵӻʱǡ棬Ŷһ١Щղ㾫տȴʤڶࡣҷŻδŪǰˣֻز֮ҲƵЩȡ
ҶɣҲȾսЩɵͻʦѣ¾в̣㶼һ㣬ֻز
һʱЩơ
ҶӸݹҽݹһʱ书򣬶ʱӦЩǳĵӵҲѡֻ˹ԽãڵĹƱԽʵüζҶӷ˺ôڴʱȻĹȴҲǸʡĵģԽѹ֣Խǿ񱩣֮ǰüηԼڹˣŻʵ
Ҷ־Щ㱣ǰӱƵýڽںˣҼ䲻֪˭һƣһѪʱǰӵ½ϡ
ǣһֱйעҶӵķż״ֹˮڵ滮Ƴʯһǰĵӡżأ̤䵽ҶߣһַסҶӣһַսֱĵȥʹ֡
ʹڴʱȻûº֣һҪϽⳡսȻȻղϾûͷۣô˵Χ֮£ˣҪˣϵԽãԽв½Ҳ˺üӡ
ΧӼղףȴִάһԵҶӣ㲻Լͬعܹתһս˵Ҷӳ֡Ÿսǰŵ䣬һס˵ƳԶո֣׼ĵӵٴνȴֳĺ⣬ֶ̧׼ˡҶӵķ
ã
仯̫ͻȻֱʯ֮ʶתסҶӣѪ֮ǰһ룬ϴĵĴʹ
ҶӸоϵĻȻ̧ͷƼŶðԼǸλεķڡҶӴδƼʹģȴ̧ͷŬԼһ΢Ц
޴ʹŭҶӵȫǰȺŷ⣬֪ļһǶ
Ÿо֮˵ĲԾոջʮƵǱСʱȴǱ˸һ㣬ﷺź⣬Ϻ֡ҶӲɵ÷֮ǰڴе龰ɵСĵؽЩ
ȻҶӴʱȴ֪ӷŵĻֿȭسǰĵȥһƣǽĳʮԶ˵º󣬱ҲûվȻ⻹ҶԾȺУʧذһƽһĳ˻Ϊɱ޴֮ˣش
Ͼƶʱתսѹĳ鿴ŵµµһȺľ
һԶΧٵȺսʱȴƳҶһ˵ĸ㣬ŭҶչֳǰδеĳǿͻ弫޵ڵĹʮ˷ܣʱĴڲܣ裡
ҶֽһĽߺݺĵڵأ۾ݲĮ
Ůﰡ


67 Ů
Χӷ׷׼ɵ, ǰȴǲ֣ͣ֡Ůá
ʱҶӵķŭѪֻ, ЩӲǰ, ȥץЩ, һαһκݡ
ȥҪˡǰסҶӣҪȰ侲һЩҶӸоϵԥػֽ˦ɡ
СҶô˭򰡣ӵʾš
ʱĵģˡҶӴʱΪȫʧأ˴ĵսȻ˼
Ŵӵһصʿƹ, Ҷߣֹסٴĸ첲, ˣҪٴˡ
ҶӸо, ĺһ, ʶ뽫ߵ˻ɡȴ̧ͷϤ˫Ŀʱһ˲
ųҶʧƬ, Ҫֽ, ȴҶӷͼס, ˺ݺƳһ, ȴµĺһ㣬ԭء
ŲҶҶǿ, ´̼˺ֻ˳˿һǵעһһҽԸˡ
ҶʿƼʱ㶵ģӵߺһϣɱŮΪֳ
һ仰֮ǰѱɢһŵʿ˷׷׳ֱҶӹȥҶһվԭأǶһк޷Ӧ
˵֮ǰҶӴɱķģģһģȴ˷Ĳ¡ֱת£ŴʱԺֹսվҶߣὣóʮʽУз·̬Ա֮ƳȺȥ
ս·ֻصȴֱΪңһԵĳɣʱҲ˲档
ѵעڴ˴ƴһⶼǵʲôù˰
аԽп࣬ȴͻȻһƬΧһ˶ƲˡʱһİŮϷܡ
Ǹﴫ
ҲڸˣƾоʿˣͷҲصسϷȥԼ˼ʮԶڵߵİųɢȥû׷׷ߵͬҲȻʱεڷŻеСҶӣ㡭Ȼɡ֮⣬һԻվŸһװĸŮӣģʶ
ŮӲˣڽݳոС˽Ƽˣǲ˿
Ů֪ʱжɻ󣬵˵ز˾ǰһȫ֮ءеĽٷɿ
˵İȫ֮أǾ˴Զһϡ٣ľȥȷʵͦȫġ
ҶӴʱεڷŻ֮ǰʱų˶ƾҵҶվλãαס˱һ·ʼնУתѼ󡣷ŶԼ֮ǰ˵ҶӴʱĻԲѱȻ֮ǰ쳣ء
ŽҶɢձߵ鷢һԣɫޱȰĬĬע˻˺һŸоһĿ⣬ʵʰͶԼϡ
Ӧķһ˫ֱ˲ֻܳò׵˷ȣ֪Ϊγڴ˴
֪ͻ⣬ʱбȻɻأͷ͵뿪ݳǺطǰȴһ׮¡
ǻ̤࣬һԻڵأȫǱʲôһ㣬δʱֻ˳ѰŶһ²һ£ֻҵļ
պһ½ʶĺѱԼʱ䣬ȴٳûеȵ˳֣֮±뵽ѰһѰȴ϶͸һ˿Ź֣־һǽ̸ʱԷҲԸҵʱûѰѣҲǸطʱ۷
СסգʵĲ£˼ǰǾȥɿպǡ
ĳ˼˼ǰ쳣ע⵽ʲôɵǰ
ЦΣɴӭķݷżܵͣÿսˣֲеӣȻҲ⡣һȷû˸ߵǰȥݷáǶæ޽֡
Ҳ˵شģֻǸˣЩ˵ĹҲ̫ɲˡԲ龰𾪵
ųصص˵ͷԣΪԷ¹ڿٺ͵͵ҲûиϢ
겻ճ£ûиף˵Īһ١ԴĹֱɥ
ſ۳飬ܣλɽׯׯ飬⣬Щ㶵ǵġ
ЦЦʾ⣬Ҹո·ҲƼˣǵӦ⼸ڸĵӣյʦŵϢ˰ǰײϡγɣ޷ҳԴһʱҲͲ塣ڴ˴˼գԸĽͨ˽⣬˻ûҵ뿪
ˣ鷳ˡϿҵҶڽݳ֮һ֮ƣֻǰΣ
İ£ҹ뿪˸ĳпջϢ
̶գ˵ľνǾʷ׳ʣˮúĹȡúͼͬ鱳ѣײɱ𣬱Ϊֱ֡ȹȥ¶Ҫõ
˵ջҹ۵þƣֻϴ㵹ͷ˯
ڶǳ飬鲻ã˯ǳԼҲñ˺˯էȥ÷ŵķš
ľͷˣ̫ɹƨ.ˣ
κģһԹ˷ţһͷЩҵ˿ųûܲС㣬ǻ˯ء
ݿ˿ڴ˫ĿյҶӣЦСҶģҲδػѣ˵˯˿ʮʱ˰ɡ
գ̫ˡſҶӣĴָϸ۵ձ߹ιԾıᡣ
Էŵ˫Ѽֲ֣Դ˰죬Ҳô˯ģͲҸһơ
״Ѱ׵ġ
̾˿ĻҲȷʵܲһֱȴȥСѾͷλԵʱ֮ǰζҪһֱԲȵģܹܲˡ
鷳ȥСŪЩʳʳյ֡
ѵöԳ˵ôʾʮãǲС
ó뿪Ĺ򣬷ſԼҶϴһֽҶӷڻһЩڼҶӿз΢ĺŽȴǲ˵Щʲô˽Ҳ֮У̫ʧ
ʱŸ̤ŵķ䣬һģڴɣ
ɣϽιóԵ㶫ǰקֵʼ˰ɡ齫̷ϣǷǷ


68 
ŽҶӷڻ, ֻ֮촽˫Ŀһյýġʱɣ˫۾ţһʱ֮Щ, Ʋǡʵιʳ
ڷŷ֮, ֮ͻȻ۾, һ˫ֽ˫Ŀ÷һʱоϤİ
ϢһһҹҶӴʱȥɫϵĺ˫ͫѪɫˣ־ȥҲʮ
ҶѣӦǼ£ɷȴڶ˫Ŀĵһ룬бֵĸо
СҶӣˣԷɣԶ˵ġʱ
Ҷϵ, ط£ѵζˮ, ҲŲҪȡתָһԵķţ, ֮ǰ˵Ҫұ, ɲˣ
Ҷ㷴ıóɣ۾ǰ֮ǸɣǵţСҶӣ
ķǷĶˣҶӸǰ, ֪̽˭, ˭
Ҷӿţģ·ڿһ׳, , òǱҴװŪɣҵİ, Ǵһϣ
ܺãϵҡŲδһĳɣˣǻ˸Ҷӵˣ
ҶһСͺ죬¸¾ˣ˵£˭´˭ǽ㡣˵ŻСȭͷڷǰ˻Ρ
฻ꡭ
ɣһۣڶԷжͬ뷨ʱСҶӣôܺӣԵ
ſСѾͷһ±ʮǰǰŮ뵱ǸСӵӰصһʮȴֲһŪ׷ʲôЩЦõҡҡͷ
ҶӼҡͷΪھܾԼ¶Сħĵ飬в֮ǰ˵õĵʤҪӮ˽н㡣ҪˣҾȥĸϴдʱ˯Ҳ˰ʱ䡣Ҫǲ밤ҪôԼұ䣬Ҫôֱӹҽн㡣
㡣һеøɴֱ׳㲻ˮܲܵջֻ֮ҶӶ֡
ǳСԭ򣬷ƽ˺ȴǺܰһˣͻ϶һ֡Ҳ쵼ߡǱ̨ʡԴʱ˸ɴعһʵСꡢСʮ˽нʱûܾ°ͣʲô³Ľɫ
ҶӼôͷЩ֣֮ǰԸ䰤Ҳɿڵġ
ûԸҶЩźҲ˵ؼ۸ѾˡЩߺߵشϣšһ˫üͷһȻˣԺҪĻʲôҪԹʲôȥ״ȻӦģΪңԺҲ㣬ñ۸㣬ֻ۸㣡
õĽ㣬û㡣
˴ǰɽׯͬһ˼ǰСѰọ́ȴΪꡱҶӵĴڣࡣ
Ҷͬһܵõ޵ǱŤСüͷһšƯСд˲ãţ
ô˽㡣⼸յദ㡱еԽ˳һԵĳҲĲֱӱϰΪ
ΪʲôԼһƥҪҼôأѹô죿֪ǲԭֻҶ˵Ҳһ
㣬һ£㲻˵ûᱣҵѵôҪڣʱķҶǰȥίʵС
ҶüƬûнŸȥСñģӻС治ʡġ˭ҽнˣҲҪǰǨȥ
żҶû֨ϹǻͯİǣȻʵҲͦú
֮ǰЦ͵ӣȴ˿Ϊ⣬СЦúˣᷴ༥ôɰֻǵңλεļʡ
űҶһ·Ҷת˼ûܽ˵˫ߺߵţ
㣬ʲôԸЦӦ
ҿˣҪˮҶ˰죬ֻһѰɡ
֡һסҶӵһϵһеĳ麰С㣬鷳ˮݸһ¡
Ըɻʹҡ
õĽɫݱʾʵûۿϵˮһУǰм
Žסˮӳ㣬Ҫι𣿡
ҶԼ֮ǰǲǰѷ۸̫ˣǰôһ˾ȻԼˣ˵ЩǸСø¡
Ҷӳˮ๾ࡱڣŻһȴԼһָʾģɤӣһģҲôˣԺЩճС㲻ˡϸ£Ҳ۸ġģ˵
ŽӻˮЦ޺ô᲻أ϶õˣĸԸ
һɧǰĳ鲻һƤʧ˻ص˵СҶӻǷŰ
ҶȻƤҲС徭Ͷľϣ֮ĵ׵ġŴԼã˵һʱЩϰߣԼҲرǡǣסԼ֣ĳشľȻĴңҲҪʵĳŵҹ֮ǰʱʽЩ鸡ɣΪýı˶۸㣬쿪ʼϰ䡣
ۡǰĳ飬̲סЦſϡ
ҶСҲ֪ʲôԳСºԵĵڶ죬ŷ书
㣬Ȱ֮ǰѧʽʹһơΪ˱ֵ࣬ҶӹСļӡ
ŬԺ䣬ԼʱӦǸʲôģʱȷʵЩãʵǼǲˡ
ˣʽȻȻɡ
һֹˮһ룺鸡Ӧı֣
ҶӼŽһ׻ˮֲʧӯ翣ССüͷšһ飺һʱˣϴûӦұ䣬Ȼ´ʱҲĶ֡
СҶӴʱ飬Ŭһ飺÷ŷ쳣ȻΪĶ飿
ڷеĿµ˵ͷţܿóû͵нǧ֮Уʼ£ԵУʽǲģȽҲҪȻ˻ר㱡֮ȥʮҵɳϣ·̾ͱˣԼһΰɡ
űнʱеģձֵû鸡Ҷģظָ󣬶ʱϲüңΪ˲ĵ̫˻ɣܿ컻һĵı飬Ŀ棬Ҿ˵֮ǰ˱ʱΪˤһﾪˡ


69 ˼
·ʱ, 鿴һһŵɳ˶ˡҶǰȥǣĹĴڷŶʣΪ˺СҶӿ, ôóȥ
ſ˿, ֿ˿ǰ˳ëҶ, ЦжԡĹ⣬㲻Լġ
ҶΪŻͺּۣĻ׶Խһӵĸ塣ϾС¿۵ģʹԼҲȫסȴ˿һʱ䣬ϸ˶ͷȻһԹȻģҶӼ״οǲοԼСŬԼΪͷûиСܳԿࡣòٷԼ͵, ҲҪСһѵȻʱ˦̫Զ¶ô졣
Ҷ, Ҳߣ, ѽϰɳһ, ҲҪһܡ
ܵķôҲû뵽ҶӻôһҶӴʱȻǲ, ǷָҲмֵϰˮ, ˣԼһʱûú, ô˻ɳ˼ҶСмＸ, ű˻Ҫ߶ֶѵʮ, δرʱǿ١
ҶӼһΪѵı飬ɵòҲע⣬İɳ˰ɣ
ǻˣؼġ
ŵͷ·һ㣬Ĭ
ҶӼ㣬Īһ֮ǰСŬҪѵ̫ۿֱ˵أ˵Ŷ֮ǰʶķűκһСƷҪá
Ҷ֣ʮࡣ
ţôִţ
ҶӼŲΪ˸أӦԳֻ˸СѣΪ⣬ͻ¸ĻѡҪĻͽɳңεɳȱ˶˫ϣܵóѵŻ̡
ţ
ԭСѾͷҲôһ
żҶˣûа취ֻܽϵɳȡһֻҶġ
ҶӱΪӵëͷǶձУǧأϸСĸ첲ûܱѹۣһʱûܽס顱һɳڵصҳһӡ
Ҷӣ
ţ
ӲҪõġ
ҶӺһ·ܳĬҲָʹˣҲҪ书ˣ¼Լ㵱ʵ̫ʧˡһֱʱ֡
ƳҶӵĲģ԰գû³ǿŪôصɳϹ԰ڡ
ôأ֮ǰڽԼСѾͷԼ˵ˡ
һԵĳҲע⵽֮쳣ôҲ벻绹һҽ̡һѧڵĽǸһվ·Ĺôˣ
ô£ø첲ⶥ˶ţЩֻǲû㡮㡯Ļˣ
ɫ̾˿Ҿ̫Ļˡ
ҶϰʮҵɳԼ˽ٽ
˵ǰ̲סЦ˵㻹װСŮҼҾƵʱ
ôܽмҼҾأŲص˳һۣתһŴҶӣֻһᣬ㲻رаرɰ𡣡
رɰҲرˡ
ʵҶ⼸ʧڵĶ󲻽ֻзţɣŵİ֣Ҳûǣֻˣƫڳһģѵˡʳ桢ڡ
ܺʲôģͷˣ鷢ԺҪС
ǲָǰôû㻹Ⱥء鿴ŷţЩ
ĬĬ˵еߣɣݸһԵҶӣŻͷһ۳飬ȻҲϣЩָЩӣżáڲô˽Ůûн֮ǰָ˼䣬ҲͽšȻ˵úһʱǵʱ⡣
ҿģͦǵİսţʾעһֱšüͷҧŴĵҶӣȥĲҲˡ˵СƺҲ𣿡
ſҶӣͯʱĻ棬ǴСʻ˼ϸ壬ΪСţȷʵԵСЩһ˭СиСʱֻó˯˯ͺá
飺
ʲô˼СʱҲùĺҪұͿ䣬ﻹأǳԱ˳ŲûȤ
ֱţҶӶڷǰüͷչϾ겻÷һ˲ΪͻȻָ˼䡣
㣬ʲô£ӻҵķȻƤ
Ҹոһ¡Ҷ򴽣Żڡ
űѾò׼ʱȴһոջ˼أڲֻ
Ҷӿţɫޱϲǰֵܱôңǹװƭҵİɣ
һѵװװò𣬾İҲû취
ҶӼûдԹ˵ǰΪԼ׿ԽѧʲôƲϱˣŷԼжô츳ն߳࣬ȴ躹ޣӲһƽϣ߸еģҵǰ˵ȫ죬춣ҵʱΪ⣬Լ֮ǰǳ
СӸеķ˼𾪣ôҲ벻ԼһʱҶӵЦദһ˼Ҷҷ񶨵ģҲ֪ΰοֱܲӸʱãֻ㲻֪ʱ͵ʮꡣ
ֻСӿԽܵʵ
ҶûеȷŻػʲôشһ֮ǰ˵ΪҾˣӽԺҹн㡣
ұ㡣
ԭΪҶӻɥķŷԼˣǰСȻʧʮļ䣬Լһ˼ά׼÷˼ҲҵڣҪ˵İοҲ˳ӦԼľ
ν̸󣬳鷢СҶƺֱһģʳҲֺˣÿŴСعܷŽн㣬ԼЩˡ
ҶȥʳĹ򣬳ߣľͷ㵽׶СҶʩʲôôͻȻ仯ô󣿻˵ܲܡҲ㡣
ܡŵҡͷҼҰֻһ㣬Ҫãóٸһȥ
УNɪ
ôɶ»ôСҶɰԺҪСҲҪСҶСް


70 
Ŭضϰ, ҪԼǸСŵСԼϿԼصССԸֱҶʧٶûܴɡȴû뵽¸ʮ, ķʽ, ȻЩԴС˼
֮ǰҶڵص֮, Ҳźý˽㣬ʱѶ飬ıζ񡭡
㡣
˫Ķݰ
ǣôˡһѱҶӣ촽ͷסԴӰǹԼн󣬶ЩǵСҲްֿܣùԣ
Ҹոд㿴дΣСʱҶ, ȰϰأԶȴȤȱȱ˷ǰ, ҪԱ꣬ȫλŬ˵, ҪСŬѧϰѷʽǼǵԭ
ע⵽Ҷлһ, ӹϸϸ鿴дǡׯӡءݣּ, ʻ˷ǡӡ, ʱҶдҲȴмֿŲȻ䵹, ʮɳдϰȴûеˡ
, ־֮ĲΪ֮, ν֒Ȼˣ·֮ʧνȻܡŶϵݣЦô뵽д
Ҷգһ˫ۣҲ֪дֵʱͻȻ뵽仰úϲ˳дˡ
ǾԼԲں֮𣿡ͻȻڲʱ˶Ҷӵá΢ۣ˻̽һ̽롣
Ҷͷ˼Ƭ̣ұϾҲǷӣ˵Ҫ˶ԼۣȴҲǺʵֻǱ֮ҸԼܷ־֮ĲΪ˽ԷǣδǴ˽ҲδؾͶԡֻ̣Ҫ֮²ˣģ㾡ܵȥԼɡ
ȥˣȴ㡣
ſҶӳϵĿ⣬һʱ֪ۡ룬ҶӣʮҶӣֳͬϣˣƽ˳Ļܻģǡ
ҶӼŰҡĸ첲㣬ô˵ǾҸո˵ﲻԣ
ûвԡҶë޵ԴЦúᣬҵİǴС˵ĲǣһǵĴ
ŵʱ򣬳ڲһǣ϶һһĺۼʮۡ
ż״üЦС㣬ǳȥ˴ˣ
߷ߵĨһСûôģСȥȰܵģ
ŶȰܰԼȰ⸱ģ
һ±ˣȥǱҪЩǸ·ϳԣȴ˷ɽׯ뻷ˮɽׯĵӣ֪˳ͻû˵Ҫ֡ŴҶͬԺΪ󣬱ȥС˭֪ȫСӣƵģ۾˾ʹҲ֪ĶôСм䣬Ī˺üȭͷ
һ˺ųŵĳѵóôǺЦͬ飬
˵ͻֻɽׯͨӣ״Ӧǰϲż㣬ڶȭȰܲɣԼôǱͨӵʽ㲻𣿡
⻰˵һѪЩͰ͵رǲ¡Բ˵Ҳ֣ЩСһǲףֲȫҲ˵
ŻųĻ˼˵ǸƵģ۾Ǳݣǡ
͹ʵǵʱ״̬ȷʵ֣һײϣû۾ϴСҶģҪ졣ȻΪǲֲñСȰԽԽȷҿ϶Ƶص˵ͷ
űסͻȻɨ䵽Ҷӣڻڴȥһơ
ŷŵʱ˷ɽׯ뻷ˮɽׯĵӻڴܡʼѾȥʱ䣬һҡҲʣƱʼȴֻͺ˫ޣ¶ļ͵֣飬֮ǰݡײϡǿˣǲ֮ơ
ͬΪͬˣ״Ҳʮͷۣ̾Ǻ£øѪһ㣿
ʱһүӽֱСƹƼżˣһ䣬û±վˣڴ˴ˣ˭ȰʹСı꼰
ųү񣬡лѣү֪Ϊڴ˴ܣ
ǰ·ʱ⼸ӻһ˵ЦģԴҫԼʦţ֪˭˵ˣһԲϾͻȻˡүеӣ˵ˣˡ
⣿
ģһǶ𣬾ͷڽ𣿡һĲ⡣
ſǰĶ˼ģǳͻ¼ǳʲôӰǵΪ־
˵ţ˾ָ磬ڶŹĵ֮䣬˰˲ٷסǵѨǰһ뻹ݵĵǣ˿Ǳȥһ㣬ԭء

飺о֮Ĳ࣬ԽԽء
ųأԱ˵ĳ飬̧һӵֱ۲졣
ͷ⡭ֱϾģо찡
Žһֱ۷£ֶ˶ӵȷϵڲɼȥϣҲģ
ȻˣһȻ򣬡ԣЩ˵Ǳͬһ˸ЩΪʲôҪôء
ɫأײаԵַ֮˱вСҰġԴɽׯ粨±㶼̫ƽܸо֮ĳϵ״ĳԼͯҶӣϵ˵ؾŲԶٸϻɽЩӷ֮ʦС㣬ձʹ˱ˡ
ֵӶŹ֮£÷żӿ˸·Ḷ̌պص˲š
¼ȨΪ˱ܹʦʦһڵĽӷϴŻԼȴûиߵţǴӺɽһСֱƵʦϢķ⡣
ӣʦҲóˡ
ʱڷѾЪ£ȴһٵ˺ߡ
ĸ۵ĵʱţͷǵúúýһɡһŭţڼԼӲ״ͽʱϲС֪ˣûŴӺɽСİɣ
ʦͽ˷ҪԴԼʦŴӲĨǣһֱ⡣
ȥ̸ɡڷѼֲ֣ͽƽûҪĶ׻š
һ󡭡
һź룬벻˷ɽһ·ô¡Ȼͼѱ˶ȡǰԾɻá
ԾڣƴʱСѾ´ɽׯ
ǾͺáӳƬ̣ǰǲҲе˵Ƽͬ˶ŹǰȥȰⲻɷˡҵʱΪѰС£ûϸȴⱳ󾹻ı֮Щͼʧйأ
ŵͷһзʱʵ̫ɺϣͽò˻ɡ¹ϵְοֻʦ֡
ҪΪʦô
ٿִᡣ


71 
ִÿٿһ, 涨ӦֻЩ̫ƽҲöûѡˣִҲɼڽٿ޷Ҹͷôһ, дд, ˴֮һ¸, һִٿѡպֵ˲ӡϽִѾһ࣬ٴٿЩʱգҲɵʵٿʱ䡣
񽭺һʷͻȻ֮Ľ֮ŸɣʿڹԷ뵽Чķǽͬ˾ۼһҿϲؽϢʰߣʹܵ۳ЧӦԷҲӦý֪, ܹǰи
һԼ״ͽʮҹд¸Ÿɵ뺯, ׼ɵ
Ųдȫ뺯ֱҹ, ˸Ƿ, ʦ𣬻صԼò̤ϯӷ
, ϴ, Ѿȥ˿һʱ䡣ⷿ䲼üࡢɾ룬оλ, ģ֪ʱ˴ɨ
Ҷڷ˿Ĵ, ˯һԺԴǰЩʧǵˣϢҲ뺢ͯһ㡣
ɣ, С̸䣬һͬȥ˲ԶĿͷЪ¡
˷ˣߣҶڴ˯ùɣӲ֪ʱ䵽ȱߣȴֽŲ£ɵö˶⼸ոŸ·ҲƣȴҲ֪˯ʱҪȥʱС²δȫסϸķ⣬¶֬õļ˯е˶һȴ֪ƵƤķ˿ձߣŪЩҲֻҰҰ죬ּûûεܹĻᡣ
žǰİ֮ˣ¶ЩɵЦ⣺ЩӷǷģ仹ڣǻиõɡ
˼ˣ͵ҡҡͷôһԼССѾͷԼôˣӳڲϣżҲǿһõ
ֽҶߵһԵıСҴãǣʵҲͦã˼ˣǱһѰһƧ֮أҲùԵķˡ
ڶշŲȥִ뺯ɵȻҲסˡ
ƽʱʱ䲻ȴǺܸߣⲻΪڽΪеɵʱУеദΪǢһոģεĴʦ㣬еӵĿڿഫУΪһԽ˲Ĵڣŵʦʦǣ涼δҲԶϴԳɴʦԵá
Դ˵ʦػˣʮ˷ܣζȱȱֻһҪЩһôʦķɡ
ӵĶӳӰƽʱ縺̵ʦʦεΣʱһ˼ɳ⣬ȫȻԼһڵ̼һ㣬β棬˼ʱһ㡣
жʱһƬҰ
Ҫ
˰ɡ
ŵΣһϽȥƴʦء
ҶŵǴӲɵĴġӿζ嵭ÿһأŵĲʳζϸƣԻΪƽ⣬ҶӳԲĻʳ𽴡
ȻʱҶѾǰǸʳܺˣ˫ֶһ࣬һһںȵʮ档
־ҶӲߵʳζƫǲϰߣɽȥй䡣
ͦϰߵġҶӽ£ɵҪҪæɣһԹԵģ鷳
ѾܹˡҶӵԴЩ飬ոѾȥˣձֻ谲ȴʲôҪýģܿڡ
ȥƽƽʱϰĵطǺԣõŵҶ˫һ㲻꣬ȴƽϰģ
áشӦ
˵Ҳ֣ҶԴʧ󣬿Ͷû⣬ƫƫڿʱȴ񱻿ĳϢһ㣺ҳꡣҲܷòΣӲرʱͬˡ
ŴҶ䳡Ϊ˲ģһʽʮֻڵĽˣ䳡տջԺӴֹʩչҲܷŵÿֽšŴʱȻԼһ׽УԾ̤ࣻ˫ţ׺չ᣻ѣ衣ŵ׽У֮ΪʽЩ󌝵ʱʹãҶȴǿýζ
ʦðͻȻҵĹƺȲʣһȺƷĵӲ֪ʱ䳡Աߡ
תȺвףﲻƣ㣬
Ҳû뵽䳡Ҷӱһ½Ǳ˳˸ˮйͨǰһ㽵ףֺЦΣһСӴǽŵµӰɣʱϰ𣿡
ʻСһܳϰϰߣĽʦѾãҵüʦȻշǷˣгһҲܳΪʦһ
⼤ݵѲʦ˼ҿյʱ˴ʺƨһˣ
Ȼ²ۣȴǡôЦݺ㣬˵һЩԼŵķϻҲǱһЩʱգֻҪڼгһնǿԱһġ
ۣʦᣡ
Ȼ⻰Ƕ˵ģб
ҿҵѡ˼ţȻһӶôõĴʦˡ

ű׼Щ뿪ϵȴԽһԵҶӱȺ⣬̧ͷһۣû˵
ķӣǣ˴Ǵӿҵʳõıؾ֮·ǲŸûüŰɣ
һ˵µǾظ״
͸¿ˣʦֽʱǼ˿ʱ
ǣһЩݷôʦ㡣
ȷʵûţڴ˴ʦҲֵˡ
ЩԴԹĿУܸоǶԳӰĲԼʦôԸʩ̻мϿɵģԼѵ˵ʦ㡣
һΧʲô˵ܲٲܲپ͵ӰһߵȺǰ׺ݣҪǲžͱˣȫһȥϵݳ飡
СƼӰͻȻ֣ŵӣżڳֵӴ˼֡
ʦ֣Ǿ·ȥʳš
ԶԶԣӶˣʳãˣ
ʦټʦټ
̼䣬ղŻһȺ˳״ɢȥŵ䳡ֻʣ·šҶӡӰˡ
ӰߵǰϹЦݣʦ㡭
ͻȻЩ£ʦڴ˴䣬ǡżӰ֪ղǻСŪ鲻ˬҪһԲڽ˵꣬˫ֱסҶӣһƵķˡ
һҵĳӰ


72 ׽
űҶӻص, ƽʱ飬ȥҲӼִϸˡ
һܿ㵽ʱ߳ʱ, ȴϤСѾͷŴվſ, Ҳ֪ڴ˴վ˶á
Ҷӿų, ԭЩ˫ȻȾһƬɫĿƵŷţҲڡ
ż״Цôҵ˴ģǶ𣿡
ҶֱԹ˵һ⣬ֻǿŷţٰͣβˡ
С˾ǰǣסҶӣҲûͻʲôף߰ɣȥԺóԵġ
˷ŵ, ʱ䣬ҶԽ˵ı췢˸ʮʮ, СβƵģ޲һʮʱڷߡ
һʼͦõģϲҴһ, ˵ҡ
ֻʱ, ҲԽЩԾ˵ڴ˴ûб֮ˣϸéҲҪ, ҼǵСʱԶһʱ
Ҷӵķ, žúһģԽСĵĺ, Խ¡
, Ҷӱϣ, һֱǾˣ
ûанڣÿɿˡҶһڷ·Ųţҡҡͷ
ðɣûʷ
ô˵ϲϲԺԳôﲻ뿪ŶҶС̽
Ҷȴû֨ƯСǾᣬšһ˫ϸϸüͷ˼Σ̾һģȴԽɥˡ
·ЩˣȻҶû˵ȫ˼дϣֻҶӻ߱곤ǰڲµı죬֮ǰŶҶӵһж̫ϰΪҲŷ쳣
Ҷë޵Դѭѭյǣ߽Ϊʲôģţ
Ҷ̧ۿ˿ţ˿ûҪԼ˼Źµڴ˴ôʦʦãһ᲻ᣬߣ
ԭˣʲôأôᲢۡ
ЩЦã㱻ֱӴݵϣҶӻһ˫ۿͰ͵ԼϽһģԶǽı˱Ҫ˭ҡ
գõŵҶһɨ֮ǰľƣС¹˫˸ϲõĹ⣬סŵĲӣϸصġһڣˣҵġ
СǿɱʮСѾͷˡ
ʵʱͦҶӴʱȫԼ󵨱ϲģһȴף۴ʱҶƽʱֵöôϻ۶£Ļ̫ˣԲŻԼŲǲϲԼ²ʱʱ̿ߣ˴СҶӱܵ˺
ִٿʱһաҲԽæµΪŴʦ㣬εĶ֮һһִľˣ㾡ʱҶӡ
Դϴΰ֮ҶӵĵӲȷ˲٣˵ϰףҪ׸ĵȴѣֻҲûǰЩǰˡ
⼸գһֱڳѰҶӻָķҲƣ֮еʲôƲŲ̫ҶӶġǵҶܴ̼ͻȻߣŻһʧ䡣Ѳɻٴ̼һΣ
Ҷǰ˫ĿѪ־㱵ģ㼤ҵֶΣԸҲ̡
ǱֻܲȡºƷˡŹ˳ط齲Ҷֻ˵ڻϿȤţϣܹԴ˻֮ļ䡣
ҶӶڷͻȻԸԼºǿģСѶϲµģԹµͲǺܸȤǽ֮˱ϲҶʮ棬һ˫ۿŷţעÿηŽת磬һĺء
ֻȻֵʮʼնǴһ˹µ̬ĺڵķչȴ޷ͬܣ뵽е˹Լ
⼸նѾ½˱ʱĳˣҶȻؿԼһа
ε̾˿Ҷӵˣչ±㽲ˡ
ȻҶȴû֮ǰǰ±Թϴ˯˼㣬սŮӻϲԱһһ𣿡
һȴڵǲһ
ű뻽Ҷӵļ䣬ǳͯɵĿţĵӲһ˿Уһʱ֪λش
ҶûеõŵĻش˼Ƭ̱ҿ϶˵ͷӦһİɣҲý㣬ͽԶһǽҲ𣿡
Ȼġ⻰˵ڣĵ׵иءֻЩܵؽҶӱŷŴϣ㻹̫Сǲһģˣ˯
ﲻһҶӴС֪һαϲ˷񶨣汦ڴϺ˯⣬ǻϲܱ˴һ˵С㲻ҲֻղŽĹŮӺҲǲţ㿴ˣ
ҶһʣЩмܲסû£ڵֹꡣСѾͷ¶ƫƫʱԹúܣͷۣ
ŰһʱֱͦͦһˣҪ˯
˯ҹԺͷһ˫ںҹ΢⣬Ŀתעŵһ飬ѹ
ǡɳƣŨŨľ⣬ôˣô˯
ϽĹ¡ҶӼԴյߣеŮӣżȻʶģһʼϵ׺ԲҪͨסʽϵҵҲ಻ʶͨ顯ϵҲǣ
˵ûмֵֺﲻԡ
Ӵʱ״ֻ̬ܵͷǡ
Ǳסϵ׽֮ϵҶҡһԴ׷
ʵڲûش𣬷ֻܳƤܵ׽׽
׽Ҷżִ֣ǴСʶ׽ģҲ໥סòá
⻰ҶڼʱһϲһڴӦȻڡ
ã꣬СǲЩµġűһѵ
ҪſأҪ׽ҶӲĵ׷ʡ
١ʮɡſҶһʵ䲻ƥ棬ڵ
ǻôءҶӲعӣλǾԹЩԸǺðɣʱȲ飬ڴ֮ǰҪң˽飬ҵģ
õģ㡣òУ˸Ƿ㽫СڸˣͷҪ˯ͻȻ촽һĨת˲š
¡ҶӰһ죬ҿ֮ǰҵ㡣

ţоԼء


73 ı
ʶСҶ׷ʹı, ֮󽲹ʱƹ˵ϸڲ»δüҶӵļ份أȽСԹе˼ˡž, Ͻµճ, ӭִᡣ
ΪŴⲻҪһд, ˣһк콩ˡ
ǸųׯһģվõķűǰһԣôּˣСҶأ
ֵƬ̣Գ̬Ȼºͣ˶ӣ￴顣
ͷСҶڻĻ, ڲҲãڲɡ, ôûɵء
ûǻʲô֮£ɫĮ, θ߲ȫ, һţϾԼ
Ҳáһ, յỹûܽ, Ǵʱϣٲһ𡣡
ҵϣһ, û˵
һֱʱ, ִڿʼźͳΪС, һԣøӵޡ
ŵ´޽꣬ʯשľΪΣ޴͸¶ׯϹӵϢ˴ˣŸɵĴ˿̻㼯˴һҲӵ
վǰ泯ˣɫ࣬λԶǧǰĳĻм
Ųؿ˵йغְΣҪ̣ڴˣʲô¿˵˰ɡǸֱˬˣһҪֱ⡣
֣ŵӼһԵʿҰ˼״һʱ۷׷ס
Ǻˣ˵òᡣ
ģĹǹŹ֣к˻򣿡
ģ̫ǱˣǸаһ㡣

ӴƬ̣ųλĳǰΪ˴¡λʿǰŵɽʱ־壬˱㹥ʱӺϣֱϷԳ֣Žס
ۣﰵȣΪ֮ףµӸղףӶԸһˡ˿ȥᣬҲĸɵĵӣд˵ȱ£ᱻ˵֮أѵбˣ
Ҳв粻ֻ֮˵֢״ʵ졣
ĬĬ۲ų˵ı飬˼Ȼ죬λʱһǺ棬˾ǺҲ־ΪˡĳҲͬ档
Ҳ֪ǽǽ˴ΪΣӵľٴη
ĪĳȻڻ֪֮Уȴ֪Цߵˮɽׯׯǰ½ׯ˴ִᣬ֪Ϊβׯˣ
ͻȻ½ׯЩȣҶҵæαûһͬ
ҵæ뻷ˮɽׯ֮˲ɻ˭֪ˮɽׯׯһһαͽп಻Ȼܹҵæִᶼ롣
ˮɽׯ¹ʲϣǲׯڵͻһʧһ㣬һݵļơЩ˲֪ܺӰ죬һǣŴȰܵˡ⻹ֹȺмģŴžͻȻҲûʲôˣȴȫڳűһ㣬ģ״ⱻеʿʮơׯΪ˽ͷöԼΨһҲ˴С˴ִϾǰׯȰ˵ִ˻ۣһ
Ӽ½ׯ֪˼ɣĳ˵ջˮɽׯЩС鷳ׯڴ°ɡ
ˣҳҶȷʵ²޷ۼȫס½ׯ˳ŲӵĻӵ˵ׯڵӳܱ˵ӳҪһЩ
½ׯʲôΪ£ڴ˵ôͬڴˣܰ⡣Ӽ½ׯɶݻ
ǰ½ׯָ֦ͬʲôѴһ취
û˵˵ɡ
½ׯ⣬⼸ɽׯĹһһʮֻȥԼҲС
ˣ֪λкμ⣿½ׯ˵һɫǳ
༸ɵ½ׯⷬҲ̾˿
ʵɽׯҲӦ͵ǳ˷ɽׯׯ
ҲУʱû
ҲǣԼǰеӳ£Ȼˮɽׯա
Ǳ߳ܵأͻȻôͬˣһʱ˷׷Ӧ
վһǣ龰ľôɣ֮ǰв鵽ĶĻֱĶҪ졣øŸɡҳ󲻿˼ҪѡͽСӶ֣ʹ˷ΣȴҲԸʦڵ¡ôֵӶ֣źܴı
ӵȴ̸һųɴ˿ʱôɣĻ֮˶мƻԤıĳλһ緢ʱ龰˼棬ҳԴڡ
ˡ½ׯشǻҲǺ˵ģ״Ⱥһͬȥмɰ죬ӽ̸˵һˣǹ˵Ըÿһ衣ҵʱֻ֮䴵ţûзϡ
ǿ̸ǹ˳ģ
ǡһֻ񡣡
ҲἰһˣźµұŮӡ
˵Ĺֳظ׳

ü˵֮һһӦ¥ޡҹ桢ޣȻǰ¥¥λƽڽԱţֶֻ֪ηǳ֪ǾǺģ֮ܶ˽ôҲΪԶǰڰѼǵϢֻͻȻⷬΪȴǳ˷֮ǰյϢͻȻѰĺͼйأ
˼·ķſд˸ֽԱߵӵݸ˲ӡ
Щʦ˼˵Ȩ
Ӷϵݣ۷׷׵˵ղλϷѲ³Щ¶֮˭
һ仰۵˻ָŵ˵޷
ŵҩģǰ¥¥ޡҹ밢ޡ
¥½ׯ֮ɫ䣬ֻŸͣһ㣬
½ׯԲӣ¥δ֮ͣǰһֱĬĳׯͻȻվ˳ﲻǰЩӲɽׯμӹᣬضԵʱׯڶʧһ»ӡ󡣡
Ȼӡģ˱ڴһء
ʱǲǶҽµѵҲ¥йأ½ׯֵ
ׯͷҽֻǰ¥һöӣ¥ׯԾڰǰѻͼ
½Ծ
ͼǲǶһػ˵ʧѾãҲܱõ
¥мкͼɱ޴ĹŹֵҩˣ
ʲôţôڴ˴¶Ըһ¥

Ϣ̫󣬳ʱʢʱһͳϢÿһ䣬Ƶġ
ΣӦõǱĿЩȻȫڴ˴ҲʡĴ
˭˵תĴѰԴ˺һƼһͷ֮˴ӴŲ룬ŵĺüˣ֮ǰᵽˣŮӣ޸УŮӣҲò˾졣
㣡۾Բˡ


74 빬
ȺЩԶ, ƺδע⣬ѩݵͣסһ˲··, ɫĮ, ½ĿͶǰС
Щڽ¶, ˵ˣ£Ѿȥһ硣ڳ˶оİǿŵļˣȴҲѽݲ³һð¥λϸģ˭
˵ߵȺ룬ÿһ䣬
ôΧڴ˴ŸζԸ, ûõģǶ̫ˡ˵ƺЩϧҡͷ
仰ڵ, ֱӵľŵһ㰴಻ס, Ϊ, ҹҳһ
, һ㳯ͷȥһ, ȴоֱһ飬ڵϡ
һвڵʯ֮䡣˼״ľųʮ, 㲻һ, Ҳʵ¥δ, ܽı书ɲ⡣
пҲûһۣɫϷˣλΪУ෴Ǵ
ЦЩƭƭЩδСӻУҪ㣬Σû˱ȴ䡣
ָһһ룬һɫ㱻ͶſС
ſǸӣǱһɡ
䣬ֻͻȻͺһ˫ĿѪơӼ״ǰȴǱһȭӵú˼
˱һŵɫ䣬ģЩԾ
λʶһɣиֳ˵ƵģʱűһһԵʯڴʯҳһӡ
аŵСҩ裬Żʧ־Īţôˣ¶ԸǼӼ˾ɢò衣ʵаŵǿУҲûʮİա
°¥ǿƣҲ״ʱԴУ׷Ҳ֮ǰǰż͹ǸŸĬذվλ
սһ˷׷׾¥ʹʽȴͻȻóһѪ״Ʋӣ飬һƬѪ̱ǵζüСֱǺᡣ
¥¥վԭδȴô˻ԾȺҲ潻ֻ֣ɫҩͶվǰļλſС
ϢƣģЩҩǸģ֮˷²ʧأЩСģϾǿҪۡʮ֮¶ǿǺԸ⳼ǰҪһݵҩǺࡣ
¥˵ⷬһ뿪ˡ֮ûԴ֣ΪͼϵĹδȫ͸ڴʱ¶
Ѫɢȥһ嵽ߣʦôˣƼ޽һҩӿС
ȡȿȣϷû¡ӿԼҲûǰ־壬¥Է飬֮ǰιҩӦǹİƷ
¼λιҩʱû״˭ҲҵģϾֳɵӣڻţ˭ҲûԼ֮᲻Ҳǰ¥̬ţʮ֮¶ȴ˵Ҳ֪ʲô
յִֻܲݲճӰصľʱڲҵ౻ҩҲԸʹȥϾ˭¾ս
ʶ˰¥ʵŲʶ֮ǰԼǰüˣͼǴлһ£ҹȻֽа塣ӽִ龰ֻƾ˵Ѳ¥Կ
ѩҴҴ˸棬ԷȴȫʶƵģܣȥҷŽ⣬ÿŲƼѽ׵
⡭Ǵ㵽ȥ
һ˹龰ҲƼˣҪԸ¥¥ڵʵſһ۳飬ã⼸ҲʱɽׯǱڴտЩǣڣʶ˲ࡣ
ʲô˼Ǵ㶪СҶӺҶ뿪鿴һһֱ򴽲ҶӣֿһѾѰϵķţˡ
⻰ôȥЩֵֹġ
û࣬ʦһȥٻأ֮ˡ
ž뾩ǲԶҹ̸ϵʱֻ˲չûżһʱȥڵֵĽָʹӥӥ⹫ټ֮ˣ˵Ҳİƽղȴ˽ǧӢЩ˸ѵĹһѵõ볯ó꾮ˮˮԷҲýֽ֮£ϴӥҽʱõĻ˽ȴΣ˲ࡣ
ֻռӥõһجġ
˵ʱѱɴ˲ΧסһССɣȱ£ŵôϢòЩûеĲ豭
ӥͷúܵͣܣϴ±һֱƼұĹᣬȴ𹬱ıɣǺҽѹע⺫ңʵ޶ۣ
ȱżھǸʲôһһʮҡŴʱɫʮѿȴǿ򶨡
һ󡭡
֮ԣ⺫ҳﱸ˽Ѿã֮ǰһֱصԲ˼ʮܡв¼ȴѡڴʱͻȻѣð·ΨһĿܱǴʱѾӦһеϣŸ
ӥһֻ¶⺫ղ֪Ūһֺɫ裬ι˷ºʵȴҲʧȥ־ҩιͳ켰Ҫʹȫˣ̶̰գ˹ڵĿȨҲ⵱ŽҶһ١˵Žһɫҩݵǰ
Ǻɫҩ裡Ժһֱģʱһˣ֮ǰһֱð¥أͨĽˣȴ뾹볯иԱᡣֻ˵Ǹͬһˣ
ڿа취ҽһˣſɫӥ
ڻʹΧɵĲ£ʹǹ֮ҪشӴŽ룬ҲضᱻסиСӥĸְλߣؼʱȴС
װ빬Ͳ˵ĲũɰСһͬӲŽ롣ĻʹΧˮйͨҪӽʵǱȵ컹ѡ
Ž˷˼δôƤӵ뿪ȥ𴦣ȴһߺȡ
ǸͲ˵Ÿʲôأ˾͸ϽߣǵѲߵ
Ӧһͷ͡
ôȥأĪǻϸͷ̧߽š


75 ɥ
űƽĽŲ, ţʱڣδóе⼸ˡ
һ¡ʱһӵ, θڲ, Щʱ߲, ǸͲ˵Ķ԰ɣҪԵĲ˼¡
⡭ɫΪѣ£ʹÿղɹй̶á
Դŭһؿڣ˶ô˽ڴ˴, ԿڲˣҲֵָָ, 淴첻ɣ
Ϣŭ㡣ߵؿں˼, Ƣô, ٹմ󽫾׵ƣ㻹š
ӾסԺ, һͯǰ, £Ķʱ, һʱ䡣
֮ǰǸģ, ţ, ӥջȴû뵽ѡַʽ
˴ûˣҲüαװ֣ôҲڹˣڻ𣿡
ǲáҡͷ빬ʥǡ꺫Ҵѱ䣬л׼ˣһҲڣˡǱߣʱǼġ
ңȻλɫ
Щûֳ˿ҰģͻȻôһȷʵϡȻڷֵЩˡסŵļ򣬡֪ΪʲôҽڹգȴٳûϵΪҪ˳㻹һǶʱС
⹫
ԣȵ۵Ĵ˳λҪӸǵگ±ԤУ˻ڹ£㼱ݽܡֻû뵽֮˾ȻǺңбȨ˿˻ʹһøǴֲЩӣաʸߵ̫๬ŮٹñѰˡ
ɫǣ⹫ʱҲΣա
ʱӦѴӪѰͳգͳһΪ뺫ʮֲԸǰ֧ԮȻȥѰ鱣в֮֡
-------------------------------------
¥ܲ
һ۵ժߣ¶һŲҷסǰ¥¥Ҳ󽫾ҡ
յϢݺϼһ·Ǭţٴǰȥ½أؽȡ
ǬŵŮһ£ʱԭأûж
ô𡣡Ϣдżϡ
ǬسƬ̣ǹ֣ǣ¥֮ǰӦ֮¡
ϲͷıһ㽫ɣԻֳŵڲ㲻ɡ
-------------------------------------
뿪ѾȥգһҪųׯɽׯһҪ˿ֻСҶӣʵûж๤˴ʵҶ⼸յҲԣֻ֣ʱʱԶ˲ɣ⺢Ӳɵ˰ɡ
ȻһգҶһȴһͷ亹ųŵΣգҪȥҽ㣡
ֻͯ޼ɣôΣյĵǱˡ˵ҪΣգȥҲð
Ҫȥҽ㣬Ҫȥҽ㣡Ҷӷظ仰鲻Ϊ⣬һڿգɳ˲ŵԺӡ
˵ȻʧˣṦͷȴһûˡ
û뵽֮ǰһֱԹԵҶ˵ܾܣ֮Ҳȥһ·׷ɽ£ƼҶǣƥﳾȥֻܸ˫Ǯ׷ϡ
Ҳ֪СҶӵʱһ׷׷һһҹĪ˵Ҷӣǿ彡ϰ֮ˣҲЩŲס
ڣҶͣ¡״ϽǰڴСڣ㲻ˣϽһȥɣ֪ôԶ㣬ҡ
Ҷվԭأ˸ƣ꣬λáˣ
ǣ
һͷˮĥҪҪҶ˿ȥǾǰȥ
-------------------------------------
Ÿݶʾķλһ·ҹ̸ϵϣȴүһ棬һλˡ
Ůڸóƺ㣬ǬţϴִһűµѩʵݣﰵԼ޶ۣµŲ³
ѩʮĶǰŮȻϻۣҴ˴οɲɵģ̇ߵǰ˲˵ҽձǳŴԹ԰Ѷұ㲻Ϊѡ
Ȼǰ¥Ǻҡ
Цǰȴ鳯ѩһڣԹҪȡϷʬ̤
ֵҪأǱɡѩ˵ţһֻѸײڶ֮סĲӣֻһ˲ֽջء
ڱסӵ˲ĿѣڱɿʱһѪ
Ҷųϵ˴һ۱ƼѪصģͻʹϯƬӿԺһʱܲסٴκ˫Ŀ
⹫ǰ飬ȴѾûϢ
˺ݶսеĽҪȫһȴǰѾһѩ
ǣڴ˴
תͷһԻеĳ飬ǰὣҶǰ
ǹȫ״̬ţսսپ
ȻѩĹǰαй̣׶ԸġͬΪ¥ϣĹҹ氢ǿν߳١
ŴĽҲѩİ¥սһʱ䳡Щҡ
ҶÿκʱǣЩµҩ˲ͬڴ߷Ĺ֮ĹڼѾãΪһ壬ɵ˽С
Ҷ㲻ҪȭŴСά£ѩһʱҲûռʲôˡ
ȥˣѩ˺ҶӸǰͻȻһѼгҶӴȥ
ʵһٶϵŶʽػڸղŵĽУҶ俴ڣʵʳк·Ϊ˷ŵĴάⳡսЩѡ
ѩ÷ŻʱһάųҪȥļƣʵ򰵰һƣЯŷ糯ǰȥ
ѩⲨ̫죬żʹʶҲƣֻƳԼϮ˲ϢĹƺʮ
ʱ֮ǰһֱŵĳȴͻȻ˹ǰһקţͬʱҲԼＸһֻӲӳơ
ټȥˣһ̳ԺͻȻͷ
ۣ
˭Ҳû뵽ⳡսصľڱһֱŵĳ飬龰ǷţѩҲһ¡Ψ־㱵ҶսѪԣڿжֻʣһͷɱΪ⹫־ҶӸûע⵽Ƭ̼䳡ηӿֻרעԼǰĵˣѩעͻȻִߵ˲䣬Ҷ˫ƽѩĺ󷽡žžžƣ뵱ڹµʯıʱһޡ
ȣܵ˸͵ĽѩҲ˿ɫȥƽϢȴһţҶŵϢתľϡ
ѩһ鱯ʹȴķţ֪ȥԼذɡ
ߣѩһʩչṦ뿪սֳ¥ڵѩָҲûս˼
׷ˡŽס׷ĽǰһƬǽҪʰ


76 
ѩ뿪, Ҷʧȥ˹Ŀ꣬Ǳȥһ㣬ͷԭء
ʱܵĪڷ, λֿֿ, һһһ, ڵȴݲǿбʹȷԸ½ĳϢ
û¡ȿȡȹŻɡߵѪѩһƿѸʵͷ˼ʱȻЩۣҲղſȥǰء
żжԱ㣬ʱ˰ŷڵϵ飬Ҫ۾Ŀ
ʱȴƻعⷵһ, Ƥŷ, ѵŲƤ
ŽսߣҪ˵, ˲ӱ, ʵ޷ڡ
⹫˵ڽµİСԭʧŵҶӲ֪ʱָ, ߵ, ѹģ汯ݡ
Щ𾪵ؿҶ, Ҷӻ., ˫סֱ⹫, ҾҶǣģҺ͡ͽԸġ
ɴ۾ǰҶӣʱĲܿתΪοȻԭɺԵۿǺһۣĿ
˴αװСжֻȽʬϼң˼Ϊ±ҶӺ˵ĳ顣ڽµİҵ˴һǰӪͳաЩṦ̫ں淴ᳶŵٶȡ
鿴Ҷеѷ֣ѵһΣȥԼ°ɣõң⸽Զϵɽׯĵӡ
ָҶӵһԷҪ󣬡Ҹһɡովɥ֮ʹҶʮֺ£Լĵطһ˺ıǷš֮ǰļ£òûԭɡƾһɳ徢ҹ̵ظȻǳˡ
ǣҴ˴ΣҪ񡣡᲻ҶӣԼһ·գԸǰС
֪Ҫ⴫ȥ˭ơҶ䲻˽ǰⲨԼսҲܲ³߰˷֡⹫ԸҲ⹫㲻ܽų⡣
Ҷ֪Լ˵ķţɱȻ޷˵ʵҲ׷ŵ뷨޷ǱǲԼգʱĬǳȻ˭޷˵˭԰ûʵѹ
˵ǹȻ̷ƿԡǰովɥ֮ʹֹһˡΪͬľܸͬܣһʱЩԥ
״廰ˣҪ¾͸Ͻ·ɫ硣ңʶҶЩֵֹı£֪ûзǰ
ǷҶһͬŴ뿪ˡ
¥Ǳһδ֣ܵضưոݣŸ˶ñںĵ·϶½ءҶΪ˵͵£Իһװ˴ηѵһ۵İ£ѡ˽Ϊ͵ɫۣҶǴһòǳɫ
˴ͨӪһͨ˴Ĺٵٵ߲ľءٵ߻һСһΪ½·һΪˮ·٣͵£ԥŵ׸ѡ½·ˮ·
߹ٵҶһ仰Ϸŵ˼ԷŲŵı飬ٴǿһ飬߹ٵȥӪ
ǣֻˣĸ¥ĳϴΧ£»ܳԿǵ͵ЩðɡΪҶӸջָ仹Щңѵ
٣Ҫ͵ͻ¥ǱҲġҶ˵Լķ
˼ǣǾһ߹ٵԲڹٵЩȷ
Ҷҡҡͷ԰¥ģǻÿ϶
Ŵ󲻽⣬ǻȥ
ҶĽ͵ǵĻѺСϡЩ˳ڽ䣬뵽ĲʽǶ뵽ǲ뵽ĲʽҲ뵽Сϱ׽켣ڹٵȺУѰߡڻڰвý׶Σ̫ڹٵŪ̫󶯾
Ҫ˵ͻȻ뵽ղ˵뵽ĲʽǶ뵽Ǹôأ
أֱߡ

Ҷ˵Ĳأһ㶼أװϽΪ̵ױ죬Եʲôװû˾ö֮عԣյشӹٵ·
ŰҶҪģݣ·ֻ·̤һ㣬ע⵽ǰͣã֮ǰԼ߸ϳ̶ӣŵɢ׷ˡվŵǸž޸Ĵӣ졣
ðٵˣ񰢴˵ǰ㣬ٵǡ˼˼
ֻǰ޴ż˵ĻŵҲ潻̵ֱֻ֡ش̶Ա߾Ҳֻ̧Ƥһۣ㽫ע¾ۻڶ̶ϡ
һ·ͨӪΧ˴ܶվڣǺұһʱҲԿµ塣԰¥磬ȫ׼㲻ԸֱӳͻԶὫڱӪǻѡڸͨ֡
ȥסҶӣ˩һԵϣǵԶϪȥϴϵױݡȻҪͳռ棬Ȼǵʾݡ
˴ϪˮΣˮ峺ȡ־šһˮҶӵСãǰЩӷչֻҶʱѾɵϰߡ
ҶӰƴһذ޳ţоƵģձߴʪĲøǱûнƿ۾ȴǲֵգ˺ü£ų̵Ľëᡣ
ĿУ·ǧ
ˣİѾʱСˡ
һֻάƣ鲻Խսһ
˿ƣ˲գȴǷָꡣһ·ı⡢ѹʱһͷǰ֮˺úһ
»ָҶӣȲʼʱǰ֣Ҳʧʱǰͯɣ˫§ŷŵĲӣʹ۵Ĵѹ˺ۣҲɿ֡ûףμųʱľšһһҹ߲ݵĸ·УĿ־֧ǰСܸܵŶԼĿ󣬶Լֺγڿŷš
ͻȻңھúصһ̣˶޲ýԷڽԼĹѪС
СҶӲ£ʮҶӿԡ
§Ҷӻ£ָʦͨ̽´ȴŽʱ׻Ժָһ˿ǻĽҰ⣡
ҶҲԼˣ֮ǰ鲻Խϵ۾һôģϻм鶯ĺ쳱
˭Ҳû뵽ֻһӣʧس̴棬ȴҲ޷һʱ֮ЩΡ
ǷʸǿЩҶӴӵ𣬹ܹ۾ϴЩȥհɡ


77 սһ
Ӫǰס, ǲóֻȡԼݸ
鷳ͳ죬ҡ¹ش, ˡ
ڱӪһξ, Ҳǲͨ顣ɫϿ, ҴɫѣʲôͷҪ̡
Űɣδɲ˽ԽӪ
ҶһĿվ˴ԼĹ򣬱һ׵꽫ſ峯Լͳա
ӣ̸˴˶ӣղδֱӵݡ
ʱӪ˧ֻлաšҶˡ
սϣ񣬡, Ѱְ
ʥͣͳٴǧ, ǰʹȼݡ
гˣճרעӪ, Լǰʹıʲ֪, ɵǱְŹ£ǰʥ, گ
ŴӰó, ͣδüдگ, Ҫдһݣ
ΪԪѫ, ϵô, ְʱǰȼݡ
ʵӪʹԶǿıճֻ˲գȫǡд֣˸
¥ǱڸͨϿȼδʶ˴ƤʱѴ˽ɼȫץʣЩ˱ǽͷݣ춼ץסҲġò˵εİɳ²֣ʱ൱Ư
մһ·ɱʵ޹⣬Ϊ佫޾ӣȻɵĶȥʥֻǶսȥһ仰Ĺ򣬱豭ˤ
ż״Ҳ˽ȥôˣ
ƺԾǰıʾһʱδ˵Ͼ֮
ſ۵ˣ겻ƺ࣬ججǵĿɨԼĶŮȴڿİһ㡣
ģѵҲιҩ֮ǰЩɵӣȴƺЩͬ
߷ŻδܽԪ˼ף֪λĳдȫȳҲǸѵõĺϢ
ȻδüƬ̣ǰ㱨С̫¶ɫ
ʲô㶼һ˵˰ɡſڵ
С̫õɣ֧֧ЩǻȺ󡭡Ҫǹȥɡ
ݷλسĸۡС̫֧֧ԵɡЩ󳼶ͬԪһ㣬ȫʧ־Χһ޶á
ȷǾǱҩѹֻʹΧ˺ƣһʼ˺֣ǰĸھǡһô˱ӰǣǶٰ
ұˣʱѲھǡΪ¥Ҫæ
ˣ˵ʮպ¶ѹȥʮգӾֱӸ£գܸϡ
Щӣ˸·㻹Ǹ·˴ΣڲǹµӢۣٽǧγһ֧ƺƵĶ顣
Ҵ˴£ҪиųȴѲֻǽ¡Ұģÿ䣬һƲһƣǴ˴νƷŻ
󲿶ӸϵµʱѵԼʱʱ享ŴʱӦ϶һµĵ·խϸͣôֻϵ¶һҪЩ¶ʦһ֮һֵԼڴ˴쵼ǧپȺףӥԲŶ˭ҲòֶԷ
ҶӿŵΪѣǰǣס֣Ȱȥɣһһ˳ȥӦ
ʱҶȷʵǷ֮ˣ֮ǰʱ˳ɳ²ҲǶĻǡûԥҶУ˱ˡ
תӥ³ǳҽҶﱣܣʥ٣ϣλ֧ϡ
ռһ֮׵ؽһСѾͷЩҪڣȴӥһϣ½ʥѵ
湷ȡ
¶
һɫۣȴȡ±־Եߣպͼϵİأ˵ССĽҲƿ֮С̧ۿǰվĸʿǹһĨЦλŰڳ˳Ҳǳ
֮ǰŵĽѵʱӴֿڣҲԸǸͷ򡣲ΪȺеĺ쵼ֵΪȣ¥˲˵մˣҪô㽫ҩĻ֮ҪôǱһڴ˴С
Ԥһ㣬ȻǶԱʵɣǱձǳ׿۰ɡ˵Ķʱ޷磬ȴվġֻһֻڿץȡһ룬ǿҵɽ֮Ϯȥ
һʱؼ·𣬵ľ޴óһʱ۾δӦȴܼʱǿߴżںƻ˵ͬʱԾվͨγһ޴ϣ˲Ϣ㽫ѹȥ
ִ֮󣬸ɾܵǿΣȻԸԴСڲפʮֶԲߣվ¥Ծǰһµģ߸λöӦϵıǣÿλöһ򣬶ÿһ˷ڹὫһ˺ϲ
ֻ֮ͣ죬бֳƬշתߴ֮СǴ˴δͬĿǰΣʱǸ˽ģΣʱòŽһ¡
ұ뿪һԼǳǸЦһ漴ȻǾȻǸȤˡͲ̶֪̼գܽ͸֡˵˸ǰֵƣһȺź¡׳˶İ¥֡ЩӸޱ顢Ŀ¶׹⣬ǻˣȴɱ˻
¥ƹרϵӶ֣ǳֺҺ飬һֱǲӵĸ첲ѵ
ǿϾΧޣǵֿһܳסƬ̡֮ڵɱ˻ȴǱ޳Īһʱ䳡ϲҽЩĸ˵ĺ״νԼͽ/Ů˴аʩĸҲһʱ
Ҽ˻ᣬٴγ֣֮ǰ̵Ļƣֻ󣬼Ѹ͵һɽŵؿڡ
šۡһѪɽű绹Ĺúһһˣơ󷨱֮óûʱúУʱһļѹºйƵĻӻУԵУȴ
¶ʱƼıиŸɱ¥˿Ƶ±ϵ龰


78 ս
˵Ͼۼ˽ɴ, ʹûҲô̵ʱɾƵͬʱԼͬʹԼĿұ, 볯кȥ˵, һټķмֶصļơ
ҼλŶ, 壬е˺ʮɣŸλʩչ
һмȳûеĵսˣǲ׷Źʮ˰Я֮Ϯȥ
Ȼδǵ½ǣͻȻԼͬظоһǿҵϢ, ơ
һϢֱӴ˸λŷŻĹ, ͣ³ַסԼѨԭµϢЦ, ϢҿֱҪġ
Ҽ˹, ҲûżǹߵǸǰ, ֪ΪǽղѰҪҪһݵҩ𣿲Գⵤҩ, ôĸԸسڱءʱ仹磬ǿ濼, Ǹ汾һӭһ, ǼԿͷȴЯһɼǿ, ԱϢҵλŶԣһĪĹ
˴ǳɽܲסǰһѪѿң¥ģ¥ҩ
㣡ΪŴˣûڡŭ䲻رۣŬƽϢ
ǣǺʶʱ񡣡ҶԴ˽⣬ӶһɫСҩ裬ҩϴθǵһ¿ɱһ¡ڣֻҪеĽⳡһǰһϴ£㽫ҩ㡣
ûɽֱɱѣһ£൱ɽɵݸ¥Ͷ״ӴˣΪݡʱֻڵĻ
ɽս΢΢һʱ˽ս̧ۿԼ״ѱ¥ӱƵûѪҵϢҲ綾߰ʱĥҧҧֽĳ˷ɽׯׯȥ
һֱ̳˷ɽׯ½ׯұۣͻĴʹ½ׯϾľ彩ӲصڵϡԱ߼λż״ΣϢĹؼʱڣʮգвأ½ׯһ߻ħ
ܺãǱġҽҩɽţĵӱˣɲԼ»ɱ
ɽŷҩ裬ϢƬ̣Ȼ֮ǰϢӿһɨգоˡûлͷԾɽɵսµͣս
ɽɵӸƣӦս֪ʲôֻǰİ¥ӲٲƣǹűƵǱץʱϢ
С½ںЩɵķˮ˱ͲõľƸӼѡ
༸λڵŻץϢҲżǳ֣ҪĲɱˣǳ
һ־ǿļλƾʱѹڵϢڣҲ˲Ԫ
շ˼ɣʣ֮ӲͷҲʧ˼ġΪȭֱȡĲţȭͷ֮
˼òƴ˫ȥӺҵȭͷ༸ż״ѵĬֱ۴ڲӺ󱳣Դ˴
ûϵλųġһʱо˼е޹Ǳʱ˳
Ÿϵ¶һʱѰԼʦӰȴǡƼˤڵص޹ǡⶫֻԶԶƼһۣȴʮ졣
Ǻͼ
ʱ뺨սļλŲδע⵽޹ǵĴڣЭڶԸźңȵһʱҲ֮
׺ҶԺͼĿأ˫֮ʣǰҪʰ޹ǡ
˶ҵ۾˸ţһƳŻȥ
Ŷ˫ʵ࣬ʶӭ
ɽ֮ϮȻŴʱȴûǰˡһԵĲӲ֪ʱһƸԴԴϵӿ
ʦ
ҪģΪʦǰǰ˹ȡ
ż뺫˫ûзֿҲ׷׳һ֮ǰһսǴʱǰŽᣬŽܳ׳¥ħͷЩԸɽù
󱳡ɾ޴ڷ˽սоԼʱ·Ϊһֻ˫սսǿҵϢͬ͹ޣҪ˺塣
ŶϺ䣬촽ҲҧĺۼʹۣҪʹ˯ȥŴʱ˻¶˼ѻƮ˱𴦡
Ŵ
ֳֹˮϵķţŶ޵òʮʽΪʦɽֹˮڴ֮ǰΪʦһ⡣㣬Ϊִ
ʱķŴʮŮۣȴŹ⣬һһΪе壬Ϊ䲻ƽΪС衣
ȥʮһķŴʱվ¶ųԽ弫޵ѹԿһҰĲҪΪĴħͷ
˯ȥܾʹ䡣
Ϊе壬Ϊ䲻ƽΪС衣ԺԼ˵Ļʹϵ˫ȻĿ档þȫڵҴܵġ
ȣһȣȫԷͷšһ룬ȴ˱ͿգЩˤֹֻܿˮάƽ⡣
һԺƺҲ˲ᣬСǸ˶ܲס֮ǰ˫ƶȭҲ˲šҲ벻ɱСƳıӵƽסԼĲţҪԼ벻ǣСȻסźߵûбܽһ⾿Ĺ
ʱһߣµ
ڷ뿪ҶӲûż˸¶µܱϸϸѲţһѲһ˼
ǸӵģͲһСѾͷУСѾͷģŭաǿеҶ󣬴ɤӵҶʺʱҵȥ»֧Ԯء
ȲżҶʰϵĸɲݣ¶±ϵСգͳ죬дҩ𣿡
ЩǾӪرʣдھͳ¶ըѾģմߴٵ
Ҷҡҡͷ¶ʱѾۼ¥ʿûжĵطǧ˵ľǿ
Զʱ⣬˼ǣͽɵţǴǧΪΣ
ҶӲδյ̬ȣ˵Լļƻ鷳ͳʶʮĲ¶ǰ¥ˣ谴˵һá
һЦˣ¶˶úû취ҴʮȥʲôЦ


79 ս
뺫Ҷ, ֮ʱԿˣǸҲܵ˲С, ԪĴ󡣼֮֮ǰһҩ, 书ǿļ, ش
䲻س˱񣬿ʼЩò׼浽ʵΣҲǰðһʱ¶λжţŵȶԷ¶˽š
ҶմŶʮﾫ¶ʱƼ֮۶С۵Ļ棬ƽͣǷ¡
ҶﾫıԽǰս, 뺫һԶĵطŴĬ֮, ӻͳһƣ, ʶô
תͷ, Ҷ֮һɵľûϸ, ȴޱ졣
ҶӼҵע, ˺ֻжԺҼΪҪ֮˿ɵ, ֪Ʋֹһ, ЯǿЩͬɡ
ǰ
ӥػ񵽵ĺڵżţ, ˡʵڷֺҿƻʹĵһʱ䣬ӥ뵽ȥץڱӪ۵ĺʣֻǺϣǰ˺תƣӥֹȥ˸աӥ½ǸøֻӬɹҲػ񵽺ڸұƽš
²ܹ㣬ϼһϼ޻ԤıдǰǻᰲúΨһıӡչżֻһ֣޶Ϣ֪֮ǺдģΪŷ϶еĺұԼʮĹ塣
ӥֿһǷ׼׽ʵһ·ˡ
ʱ֮ǰһû֨ҶȴͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ЩӺ뺫Ӧûû棬Ҽǵ֮ǰмҵ˵ͦϡеģ֪ʲô취֤ǿǶںڵ𣿡
Żҵһ߿飬ųߵڵǿˡĿûпԵ֣Ժд֮ˡԣǺʱ֪Ƶģ
Ժд֮ˣĺϲءҶҧ´ûȥǵ㲻ʱ˵⣬ƹ˷ŵ⣬ͽ𣬻ʱ䣬ʱһ״ƺƵӦûü
¶
ҶӵĻзɻҰǰѾŸڶʱӦѾתƵ˰ȫĵط⼸˲ھǣûüյڶĴţѵмʲôʣѾץڶһʼΪβֱڶΪ̸жΡ
ҶҶеƣҶӹ⽫ƾٵЩڰչ£ܿϿŵǸССġڡ֡
ȷʵڶЯơ
һϸЩҶȴԤϣ˼ɣӣɽһɡ
Ŀӥжթץס·СѾͷúÿһ
ȻմŵĶʮﾫӢҲǳصģѵص˲վһС;һҶҶӵĹơ
һĨɫӰɽ±ȥԽԽԶʧȥЩ˾ģ˫ֻԲ˳ɹһʮһƺʮԶ
ӳվĻռҶӵӰѾʧɽĹսǴȳһûм
ֻסƬ̼ɣƴɽʱҶӵԭ
СѾͷ㿴ıˡ
ʶҶӵ潫ƭȥɽ£նҶӵ̬ҲתΪ˰Űɡ
ҶṦ仹㲻Ṧ񹦽ɵĺǰȻǲģɽδֱߣǳУһֵ˲ʱ䡣֮ǰȡǵ뱻̡
һ׷ɽսǣƼҶӹɽʽвмߣװŪˣʲôֶΣûôϵ
ţ㲻Ҷߣֻһ̵ֱ·̳Ҷץȥ
Ṧ費ף̤ڵû伸ȻомϸоӺζ䡱һ죬ɽʯоʯ׹䣬ϸʯ
ԭҶӴɽʱǽҩͨеıؾ֮·ϣ˼Ǻšǰ۵ɽΪ˱ܹҩĵ㡣֪ԼṦԶǺҵĶ֣Ψˣܶ赲Ƭ̣Ųδɽȱ׽ס
ھʯʱ˹赲ĹССֻֻ֮ǰͱˣһ˼ķЩ
ұʯһκҲӦѧҶӵģУҪܿϵըҩֻǾղһڣҶӵľֱһأ½ʱѼǲ֮ǰ·ҶӵľλΡֲ֪бǣֻƾоɽһ·ƵƵףһ˿һ֧ɽӡ
һ·ϾʯƵ䣬ʹ񹦻壬ҲǵԴԴ϶ٻбҵ˲أȴʮǱҴδܵ裬ŭǳһҪץǸϷŪСѾͷ֮ʬΡͷ֮£һ·׷ɽµײŵٴοĨɫСӰ
Ѿͷ㻹ܡ˫ƽʮЯǻŭǰ
ڶɱѾͷٽץסҲ١
Ҵ˴ǶŭƲӵɨγһƬӡƲĿǸˣ˲ֱġݣ
ֻǰĵݣʶԼٴϵδһӦصŵըҩ֮ը·ԲʮըһӡҪṦ뿪ըҩ㣬û㣬һʱ侹˿
ʱʯںͻȻֺƺƵǧˣ㵹Ţ֮̼㽫һ롣
ҿͻȻǣҪٴ𿪣ȴƺźǿԣ֪мʲô
ң־ܰɡӥӽ󷽳֣ߵӱߣǽеճϼôʪϣṦҲܵԼô˿ӡ
˵¶Ժ뿪󣬰¥ڱȺף㲻֮ǰǰ
ŵҶӣӵԼͽ༸λŴʱǱʶѽ䡣¥˵Լ¥֮ͷǲıϣ¶սȥµһ̽
¶ͨµ׵ɽ·ֻһһȺ˼жٷЩ򡣲ǰ溫ҵըҩ֮˵ɽ֮·Ҳ˳
¥ǽµʱñƼұڿģ
ӥ˵ôʪϣûпɿ㣬ṦٸҲ޷뿪
ѩվڿӱߣһ¥ץסѩ˵һμʶĳȡ
Ӽ״ҪȴһԵİ¥޵ס˻ս
һקסѩ˿ӡ
Ǭţ˴ξȼݵúüһ
¥ؿǡѩתͳһƣҪԶ֡
ѩźģЦһ¥챻Ĺ˰ɡ
ѩ򵥵һƣȴһ½˺ҵԳ޵е񹦣ȴҪÿһѪ˺顣
һѪţܣкͼ񹦻壬ᡭ


80 
˶ͻıŪɵ, ֻѩӻͳһ޹ǣЦݲǰݣ¥, ˵, ɡ
㡭㾹Ȼƭ, ͿȲֹ
ƭңƭô꣬˵ֻҪȡغͼа취ֱ֪Ǹˣʼû
ʲôаԣʱɵҲ½½ϵµףƺԺҺѩΪģԴƴ, ҲԵؼС
㻹֪ˡЦһʮǰ, ͻȻֻ£ǻѾõͼˡ޲ܵɱ, ȴعꡣȻϽǸСֵ, ֺα档
ҿеС֣ǵѩƴµĶһҶӡõϢǰȥԮʱ, ÷һѱذΧ, ԷĸΪǿʱЩֻСֶŮΣڿ庫µݺ, ΪΧжǳԪ⡣ԹŵҰĲ, ҪõͼԼĽɽҲȷΪ˱Ҷӣһֻ, ȴˡ
֮һֱûзѰѩһ˵䣬ѩҶշתΣڵʱ򱻰¥̽ҵ˸֮ʱҶӸֻȥһЩ̽ߣȴڴ˹ײ˺ұˡ
ץѩ󣬰ٰ㿽Ҳ޷õһ˿ڶһ˼ͼϢһŭ֮¸һ˶ϡ⽫ʬȴʱѩһѩŮӡҷѩҶѩʮ⣬һơ
ԺѩΪ¥ĵڰλϣǬšԣո߾ȴعƧִʱҲǶϳЦ⣬ɰ¥Щ׶֮ͽʱ־⡣û֪¥νôһǿָļһġ
µף͢ʿۣĿŰ¥߲ڲˮĺϷ
ҿѩ΢ЦϳѺۣÿ⣬㣬˱ĻƣɲȣΪͰ̫ˡ˵ŽһɫҩУң
ֻͻȻ享ܺƣ˫ĿѪ죬ָȻһסѩĲӣָϴ̳Ѫʮֺݾ
ѩվںǰץ㲻ܡϣֳ̧ͷȥģǴҪͬھ
ǺҸΪϧһĿѩ͵˺ʮɣİ¥̤Ҫܡ֮ǰܵشҶκʱǿ֮ĩǵҩδȫƳɹǸһƴȫ볡ǧ˽ֻ֣߶ҰģȴҲϧͷԵˡ
ħͷܣӼ״һὣ׷ϣɳ˹ϣҲ׷׷ӦͽΪýԶӺ׷
Ҳ˷ʱ˽֣ץİ¥ӵƳȥһø¥Ƭ̣˲ӵ׷ϵĻᡣ
ұƵüˣ۵ң̤塣һӲΧ˼ͷ£һ˵ĿյϡΪοӵʱŵ׵ĸоϤֿ־塣
¡¡һԵɽʯмѿһ죬֮ɽ֮㵹̮ɺĺǱһʯѹڵء
ʱŴʮѵĽ˹֮ǰ뺫ҶƣʱҲǿһҵǰ״̬Լ磬ŷĳԸסѨ
˱ܣ¥Ⱥףµļ¥ӺܿҲʿ볯ñΧ°ЩڲֹУҲѵҵ£ڲӵĳЭ£ͬɽѺЩ¥ĵӡʱȴһЩر
㣬۲ۣ˯ءս󣬳һڵһϢѩ֪ǺˣǼﻹǻѹ
ѭǰϤİŮˣҴ̴ľѾûѪʺ콫ɫȾһƬŮǿƻȴҲֻܴѹԼͬ顢ɱ⹫ĳˡȴֻһΪԼĸ׵ǰһʱаٸн֪ηӦ
֮ǰ
˵ҶװɹˣŴ˵شӰƤ뿪ȴһ֮͡
ѩһϮվڹٵǰװķҶˣ޵αװҲôҰɡ
û뵽ղǱߵѩָ죬ؿܣΧ˶ˡ
ѩƳŵ˼Цһˣһˣ¥Ⱥû뵽ǻҡڵ߹ٵ
˵ú㲻ǰ¥Ƶġ
֪ѩǹǰеǶֵսеֹˮʱս״̬
ѩվԭҴ˴ֻΪ㶯֣ϵã˵ӻóһӡ
ĸ
ʦ
ͬʱѩʱ˪͸İпձһꡣǻķҶȻףȴҲӡ̡
ĸţ㽫ôˣڵ֪׵Ϣʱһʱʧƽ侲ֱֽӼѩĲϡ
ѩҲ壬侲ĸʱһܰĵطû˺ҪΪ
Цɱ⹫ھ⻰ڲң浱ɵ𣿡
ѩʲô£һ⹫˵ĿٺǸϲģɲ⹫ĸѡҪΪĸҲ빬˷ʮഺҲᡭ
ҲˡԣҸҪ˵ģſѩо費
⹫֮ǰһֱĬĬ˶ԻҶ̲סǵ
ѩע⵽һԵҶӣмߣ⹫㣬һֻᱧѪ
ˣŽѩ֣ٺھͿɱ㣡
ѩţ̬Ȳ֣㲻ҵĶ֣ҲлὫҲϡĸ˻ԣֻ¥񹦲а취Ǵ
˵¥ǺңҶӿѩĿ棬˵滰ǿ֪ʮǰұʦ¹ֿ֣֪ʦһֱĴܰ¥ˣʧʱҲǰ¥ˣһֱҪʦôʦ£ǵʱпң
ѩҶһʵסŵҡͷܣҼʱ¥˹ס˵ǹʽ
ǹʽԼĹʽȴҪ


81 
ѩڳ黳, Щͷ޵滨ĳ飬ȴЦ, С㻹ô, ֮ǰ˵, ˣӦۡ
ѩĻ޵øˣ֪㲻ʲôˣǡ
أԳڱеĳ飬ѩЩΣתͷһԴŵķţҪ
ųƬ̣Ƕѩǰֻӻ޹, 顭ǴǶ, 񻹸ǣ࡭һ
Žӹ޹, 벻׷Ѱͼ龹ķʽ׵Լ, һʱЩꡣǴ޽ѩѵʵ㻹бʲôδԸ𣿡
δԸȷһѩЦ̹Ȼ, þһ˿̧, ߵĸ˴ʱڡ
漸˵úᣬڳֻзһ塣ѩɫӿ, ЩһֱϣȻ, ֪һвֻˡûԵԸ, ֻܽĸһ㿴ڡҲķϡȡȿȣѩţɫǰδйȡ
⡭
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ѩΪѣеĸһӶڷɵΪ˾زʶĹŮ֮أΪûѪԵϵĸ빬ɣΪûѪԵϵøðգΪûѪԵϵֶŮ롣ɵˣһڻȪ·ϻ۸ġԣ㣬ȥ
ѩⷬһŵҶܲζȻ֪˵ĵһ˭ʦȷΪԼһҸ̫࣬ԼûлٻرȻѩŮкܶ˲ĵطɱԼ⹫֣ȴܿĴʦõˡ
Ҷǰǣסŵ½ǣʱ˵ͷ˲Ҷӵ˼ʵڷѩ˵ĸƽľʱƽѾбֻǾΪŮһİĸߵΪЩ֡İ֮˵Ŀ϶һΡ
ãҴӦ㡣
ѩһֱеضŷţһȴеͽ˴ͣ㣬ĵر۾
չ˳һۼа¥ĲڡͬʱյĴ£ҵȫҲץ󡣽Ϊר˾Ѷ֯ܿ쿽ʳ¥ܲص㣬񵽴Ƶĵҩ
ֻЩҩǺΪڶʱڿټǱܶƳİƷһֻɽ⵱ǰ֮޷αұҲûüȫ޸õĵҩоۼ̫ҽûûҹоЩҩĹɳɷ֣̫ҽһĪչ֮ʣҶźͼ鵽̫ҽԺصĹҽ̫ҽ̽֡
ЩҩǺҸһּƶֻɣδ⡣Ҷ̫ҽԺͼо£ҵ˻⡰õķӡо뽭ŷºɹѡ
ڴ˴оĹУҶӻϷּС֣˹ءҲøƾ˽ϵĹƣӴ˲ܹƳǣơ
СشҪܳһʱָаĸԴһжõķչ
ŽͼҶУһг䶨Ҳԭˡ
Ҷȴҡҡͷδȥӣһػͼͼڶһ塣ĴڣӦǸڴõûôı£㻹ǽܺúʹ˰ɡ
ԣӦýͼ齻˭أ
Ϊ·ĲѣֱԵΪŻô¶ˣԶȱ̰ˣ罫˸ɾ
Դ˷ȴ޷ͬﱾЩ˽ˡµĹ屦ûʸȥꡣͼ飬Ӧеߡ
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