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Ҳˡ

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԰Ѳ壬
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⵽ԵѼǧ㲻ܳͷȷԴ׷޹¡
飺ܣҽƻһƬСȥԵ⡣
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ܾ֮󡭡
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ƭƭ˱ˡ
տսͿŮƬ̾ˡ
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ֻΪԱ֮󣬶ԷȴͻȻѶ
һʱĺߣ˵ԭ򹷸ˣ
ת򹷵Ϣսըˡ
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񺣺

һμս𣬾֪ŮԼϲ̲ˡ
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Ƕǡ㱼ֵˡˣԹ鷳ֱӷʲôְɣ
ǶǸƭлˣ

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ս𣺡㲻ۣһأԼԴףǲë
ݱǩ ֮ ϵͳ   
ؼʣǣǧ  ǣ  
һ仰飺δǿα
⣺ʺССҸע˷룡


1 
˭Ķڸʲô
ڼſʱϣ˫ֱͷ˼
Ϊʲôúõ˯ڼĲ͸СҾͱ˳Ĵң
ΪʲôͻȻİŶֱקȻҴææҽԺſڣ
ƣ͵͵۲վߵŮˡ
һĽ֮ɫϵĴŵ绰˵ʲôĴװȹŮˣ˳ƺ顣
Ѿլˣôʶʲô飿
ĸ˫޹ʣûʱĸҪǩְ
˵۾ʱ򿴵ʮƽС䣬¹ӦʮԪһ׾ƯϹ۵Сȹӡ
̫ˣʲôƭ
Լпһ飬оһicu
͵ʲôոǸеһܳ˵ӣ罻־֢ûҿڡ
ӼͻȻܳһʿأ𣿡
ˣ̴۾ǰһ־סĸ첲Ҫȥ
ûûҪҴɶԼֱһ֡
ΪʲôҪϹȥ
ѵҪ˸ٲɣ
ƽʱҲͰˣܶڼˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡קסֱۣ߰θߡ
ûǩͬⵥǲҵ٣ıɱҪεģ໵ģڼϽҵʱͻȻһסŰ֡
˵ʲô۾ˣôãҪ֪ͼ
֮꣡Ϸ򵥣Ƹ壬еǮԼ׬ģĶǸ֣
ʿ֣ٽӶУζȥһߺۿһ߶ݺݵڡ
˻ۼǻʿצ֣ŵһ˻˼ʿקȥһϸǰҴҲ˻Ⱦģ
ĸȵʱ˶ڼȥȥȥҪͲ
Ҫ˰---˰
һߵĻʿһǻʿ־ֱݣʱӡ
֮ǰܸܲҴۡĿԼ޾
͵ҵʱ򣬿ΧһȦҽûԤĴѪҺĿֲǺܸɾ
Ȼ˵ȣҽǵĶѾͣƺѾˡ
ڼ̨ϵŮˡ
ܵŮˡ
Ů˵ϸܸߣղҰ׷࣬ƣɫĳ̨ϴ䣬էһȥ·Ѿһʬ塣
ܣܣˡһԵҽǰȥм̨ϵŮˡ
Ůʱ۾仺΢ת飬Ѿʧȥâͫ׶
һ̣Ůǿҵ²ʹҲľǿ
ģΪһ˲ˡ

Ҳ
Ԥ֮еٳûеʱڼȴϵŮ˳֣Ů΢ȴϵκ˶޷ӡ

𾪶ԷȻ˻־˵岻ĿŮˣסֻ֡
оŮ˵ͻȻɢȥ
Ϥŵĸоͣ
ȻӶȴҽ𾪵ָѪѹ죬оȣ
ʿ˼ҡ
Ĭš
û
ûͺá
ȵȡ
˭Ķڸʲô

ͨԱܱ߻ԱҪǶԱȸոǿ顣
СС˵һȽϳǣΪġ
̽飬ȷˣԼ׷˯ǰС
߱дҹ
׷һ£Ӿ߲Ÿ£ǰĻ⡣
ûҲһͷϡ
иɺҲպôϡ
ʱЦǺǵ˵Լֺ̾˻ظȫıС
ʱһЦڲ
ΪʲôȫıУΪʲô
֪ǧŮ˭𣡣
⵽ڻҽɫûʮ֣
ڲǰ֢ȴ룬֪ǧĲȻҽԺΪΪ
ڴϵŮȫǲʱȥݵȴǿƾһţĲϣ˰ꡣ
˿ͷĲŮ˽зǧ㣬ֻжʮֵ꣬껪
ҽ˻ܾȻ־ʵ塣
Ҫľǣһİ¾Ȼд֡
͸ˡ
ɫŮǵĽ㣬̰ļаһ쵽ֻǮ
ƺҲᵽĲƲǺһŮ˳ɻ󣬵ȵԷԺ̳еġ
ȵȡһŮˣ
ĿͶǸ԰ɫŮˡ
üһ㰡

ʹʶ𽥻ع飬ǧߴ
ϲǧɹȡԵľѾɹȹΣ
ǧŬصƤҰϤĲһҽе
ԵѾɹλװΪ˵ԵӱṲ̆׷֮·ɣ
еĵûȫƥ䣬Ѿܹ˼ķǧȴˡ
ǰͻȻĶ߳һԵϵͳĶ˵Եλĵȴ
ʱںЭ飬׼飬ϵͳ´˵һ
Եϵͳ⵽ǧ㼴İ飬ϵͳжٶԵķչֹ顣
Ȼ֪ʲôǶֻԼĶɵûЭұѹ¡
ֱͻĲΣ
Եϵͳ⵽ǧԵѾλѸ½ʱ̻Եľ
һܵŮˡ
ʲô
һ̣ǧᵽҪˣǷһ
ȻȻģˡ
ˣ۾ȥͷĻʿ塣
ǧ㰲ĿţлȥϣˣֻҪŮߡ
ǧһʼ֪ڵ


2 
ڲϣɫãȻ
ֻȻͬվȴûĶǱ顣
ܾ
ʮ߿һԼγ˳ĸڳɥҲ˼أꡣ
Ϊĸ˫Ĵһ겻ټϳ֢µѿ̺ۣϴѧҲܾ˽ҵڸĸµķְҵߣʾլ
ѧ֮ǰѧ֮Ϊ˹ȳСھܾլ֮Ϸ֮ûκʶ˵һ¹ѡ
˼ȻûѣҲûŮѰ
ȻһͻȻôϱ
۽ǧ㣬Ů˺ÿݵȴҲֵڰɫĲϣճһȦȦصĻȡ
ĽëܳŨܣ΢΢۾ʱγӰȿױɫҪÿ
彡ֵþƾֵܾ缶Ůĳƺš
ⴽ׵ģϵɫ϶ܱĸƯ
ʹҪǧĴ꣬ܲһѪɫ
뷨ͻĺܡ
ȻͿ˷ǧڴʱ˫ۡ
Ƥһ飬ץ˵Ϣ
ǧȻ˫ۣɺڿֺûС
նޣԺиֳһ뷨
ûȫѰɣǸոԼһӦҲûб¶ɡ
ˣ飬׼ȥǧ㴽־һתȥڴͷĻʿ塣
ǰ󲻵һ˷ӵ룬ûô浽ҽʿ
⡭˵ɶһСʿһƸ˳ȥ
ܣ˵գһ۾
ʶˣ׼顣

һȺ˵ĺ󱳣ǧ㱻ܲ͸磬ץץգԾ߳⡣
ûʲô¶ˣؼҡ
硭
ؼң
Ķأ
ʱСקʱ±ȫ¾ʹ˸ֻڰûС
Ǯͷ˿ֻ֧üһе붼ԼһͻȻž
ԭǮԭǮһλԼֶ
Ƕӯĸֵ׬˰ǮⱲӶóˣʲôޣʲôޣǮܾ͵ƽˣ̰Ĳ󰡣Ҫѧ㰡ԭԭУУ
ΪԼͻĴӯǰͻȻһĨɫСװСһǰѸ߸Ьȵ죬ĳ˹ûһ۾Ҫš
Ǹҽʿеæȥ̫ðɣոձС˵
СҲһ㶣죬ôڣ
ԻͷҪȥİС
²òͷҲ㣬˵Ǹ㣬ɶܲһȥ
СеĲ챻ȡ֮Ů˹ȻʱҪŸߵγĽͣʲôʱ򶼸ĲΪӡ
ĳڵңβXXXԼȥСȻ̬Ȳѣȴʵ˵ˣ˿
ˣؼˣûʲôˡ
ڳĺϣĿбӵĶֻ
ϵֻʾ͵͵ڼ·õʱز˼ңôͻоؼһеС˵ġ
Ϊĳ˵СӰҲϰѡְҵɡ
ͺܻš
ͣĺһ
ˣ˾ͺãҡ
ң
ס
ǰһȴѧ¥СıֲƣľûʶСϰյһϾǴôǮı߳
ͻȻ֪Լڴ飬Ρ
ֻͻȻ壬һʶΪ˺ˡ
ͷʾһ飬Сĵ绰
սսĽι
ڣ̣ϣһ
鰧ݡ
Ϊɶ
ǧֲΣΪȥء


3 
װǧ㣬ϲɹȹΣϵͳʣࣨ23һҪԵİο񷢲ǧõԵİο㣨+20
ǧҽ̾ȻܼУҡҡͷ뿪ֻС
ܣڸо𣿡Сĵʵȴ̿
أǧȴƽȣ˿ûиոնȹٵķɡ
Сʱûκα˽ǵݣЩԸ𣺡ȲĻȥˣܣǰ㲻ģΪʲô֮ǰ
ǧĺţ˵ÿһ仰ľͣҲûбҪ͡

С˵ʲôȴΪǧһ죬Ϊղ˵ĻԽֻ
ǧƣҪϢȴǿŲϷɣϵͳһҪֻҪܻȥʲô
Ψһͷ۵ģǡİοһжɹС
ϵͳȡǧɻ󣬿ָģʽĿȷԵ˵㡯Ұ㡯ƺİƣѡһ񡣡
ǧ˫ۣɫҰף촽һԵǿʼӿ죬ۡ
Ůˣ˵ֻϵͳҪ
ܷʲôˣΪʲôͻȻӿģͻȻ⴫ҽѯС⣬һһŶ롣
ЩҽڷǧԺ죬겻ѣſ졣
ǧ죬̱סȴǧ
ȥǧϸָ̲סץס˱о
廹Ǽһ¡ҽǵ˵
ǧ³һҽ죬һڶСʿȥ
ʱǿҽһصĴӲǰһڿǽϣȻǳ˰ɣ
Ϊʲô˶ˣ
ѵҪˣԽҪ̤δŰĵһ
С̧۾Ͳ׽ڽæȥ죬ȴûж˵ȥʱ̬ȺЩ
̬ȺЩΪʲôҪôǧҪڰʾҪֵ̫Ĵ̼ǧ㣿
ܶ¶ûأܾô̤Ͼ֮·˰
ҵƿǰСŽŲ˽ȥ
С۵㯣ոӣȥʮֵķܣ𣿿װģװʵ
ǧ˫ۣ˼άתӲͼƲġ
֮Ļʵȡ衣
ҪԼ˵Ļ˵򵥡
һ仰£ֻҪ㹻ĺôŮˡ
ϵͳ⵽ǧ׷޶ںԵĸȷԴ׷޹ϵͳǧͷͷݣӰ״̬ʹ
ʲôǧ㻹ûӦҵʹ˲¸
ǧ㱾ͻƣû˿ֿʹ˲侫۵ըָȻǧɫһһˡ
ʱǿǧʹİ壬ڼͷֱۣüͷ壬ɫȴȥľˡ
ȻӶǡҪ˰
ģۣ̌ľһ֮ɫ޴
ǧžʹЦʲô˻ûǿϧôӲ޴ӣǲȷҪҪɴһ֮
ѪǺɫŮˣȻʱЦˣ
һĿԼǧǳôȴڿĳ˲Ҫȥֱȥͷ
ǧŬĴӺмǰ˵֣ͼҪʲôڷڻмء
뵽СУŬļһѿЦݣȴֱӱסˡ
ΡΡס˷ǧ֣𣬱סǧ㣡Եģ
סֵķǧͻȻͲˣ˵ĻⲻˣԴ˵ģһʱ֮ȻӦ
ֻ÷ǧѾ۵޷ԿأҪˡ
ڲǻҪ̸̸أҪưҽǿɣĲô̤ڻ֮·ʱȫϵŷǧһҪǿĻĴ֮ģһȹưһԵİҪͷ
ϵͳɹȡԵʵ˵ġ㡯ϲǧ㣨+20
ǧˡ
ˣ
ʵģ


4 
ǧָɿ˸ʹڱ˲ʧ٣ûκβ࣬ͺʹδһ㡣
ϵͳƷƷǧαϵͳ
ţϵͳ˵ʵĲĲܡ
ϵͳ˵Լġ
ģۣ̌ס
ϸĿóԵʱȻıҲκһ˿αĺۼĲ
᣿
ɥű鰧ݵס˷ǧֱۣᶨֻҪţͲҪϣǹѹأȱ𣿡
ޱʵ⣬ĺܻţܲٸһ㻺ʱ䣬էҵ찡
˵ʵ̧ͷͿǧֱԼͻȻס
ΪʲôֱˣҪĵһ顣
ҡȥҽıŤͷҪߣȴͻȻס
Ĵи߲ͷƤһ飬ֻͷ
¶ȣǻе
û¡ǧûʲôȻ˵ץסԷʵҲǸˡ
û£գգۡ
ǧ΢
ģ
ǧ˫ۣҪԼһͻȻֱסˣǧȻü˫ۣ۵ž֮ɫ
ôû°ҽô˵ģٿɣ
ǧֱģͼԼ¶ȸůһָôģͺǧѪҺǱһ㡣
ǧΪüǺֻҪü֪Ҫ첻ͬ߸ʲô˼
ǲҪ伲ҽܻ漣Ҫϣᴴµá˵꣬ͻȻĬã˼䡣
ǧ˳ǡ
ȴߴߴĻﵹָЩ
û¡ǧ㳤һû˵ѡ
ǡǺðɣû¾ͺá˺üۣûַǧʲô֮ף˿Ҳعζˣ˳ˡ
ǧ㴹˵֡
˳ŷǧߵͷԼֲţɿ
ǲ䣿ҿߵյòãͼΣվȥյ
ǧջ֣յ
ָԾĲһ£ǧָɱɷǧԼȴ֪ȴҲȾ˼¶ȡ
ָ·𻹲ůᡣ
ϵͳ⵽ԵǧܽӴϲӳɣ+3ٽλమգ
ͻȻϵͳڶ𣬷ǧ㶸ȻعΪԼոֵ뷨Ի
Ŀŷǧ㡣
ǧûаֲ
ǧĿ
ĿڣǸ
ǧȵڣ뿴ˣʲô
ôżҹǲʲô£ͷ
ǰ˽лɰǰϰԼʲô϶ûҪʲôǷǧ㿪ڣҪʲô
㯣ǷǧǲŶԣΪʲôҪʲô
ûʲôҪġ˵
ǧڹǣײ֪ǻץסʨӴ󿪿ڵĸԣȻһڱԾͱ¶ˣΪҪıĻ̰ġ
ֱᣬһܿˬķϴӦ㡭ǧ˵鵹ƽ˲٣ЩװҪעľٶǸʺ̸ֱ
𣿡ץץա
ǧ۾뿴̰
ʵǲǧ㵽޹»ʲôܰҪ
Ϲ۵ĴѾ֪ˡ
ͣúҽĻóҩҩƣȡ߰ʮġ˵
ǧüһأָ̧оһȭ޻ϣû㣬ܡ
ǰûбҪߣ˵ǹǰһ£
û˵꣬ϵͳͻȻ֡
ϵͳ⵽ǧԵֵǧһξ档
ǧĻӲĹ˸䣺ǰҲ𣿡
һ㶣⡭⻰ʲô˼ѵ˵ʵԭͷǧϵ
Ҫ˵Ļ죬ǡҾеˣҿϢһ𣿡
ԡǧҲ̽ķΧ
˰ڵķǧƢŹ̬ȹ첻̸ĺʱŵĨ͡
ϵͳ񷢲ǧոնȹ٣ĴҪԵİԵͬǵİɣ㣨+33ʧ㣨-99
ǧпһΪô
ΪֵתΪֵۡ
ۣһŵܱ
ۼѾҪ̤ţǧһҧվס
һɻͷ
ǧҧгȴ¶գôˣֱϢɡ
ôˣ
һûɽ̫
ǧסͷ硣


5 
ܾöûк潻̸ˣڸĸµķ㷺罻ʱȷϿͻ
ͬǧ㽻
֪ԭͷǧϵΣɷǧǰҪһԭһҪԭ㴲ǲǴʵİԭģ
ԭʵһֱͼĲƲѵ֪
ô
ѵõĶԼ޵֮ġ
ڲߵ㻤ϣܰǧ˯
ͷֻϵϢԭ趨ıִϺʱϣֻǹΪܿգܶණԭͿϸڲͬ
ֻͼʵԼļңܿϤƾСĴš
ȥԼķ˭ס
ԵĻǸ㲻ĺ͸ĸһסĵطҲ뱣һ롣
ֻͨѶ¼ݷǳ򵥣ԭ̰ƵԸڷϤ֮ʱĿһ
ԭŮԭá
صֻ
ȥŮ
ǧ㰲ڲϣžķɫѩףҹĻٺİ׳¸ǰ׵ңķ·𲻴ڡ
ǧڿ֮󣬾ͱ۾ħʱ޿̲ĥƣδüɢȥ˯֮ʱ
žͺʹӡ
żûԱߵĵ໤ǣǰһ߸ʬ
̶ֳϿˡ
Ժиֳʱǧ͸ǿ˲ļ¡
ŬĻŵֵ𾴣ԷǧȻ𾴡
ôˣܱڹԼʱԭúõǸ˵ԼΪ̰ƲŽģ
Īһܾ˵ʲô޷Ԥ鷢ǲҪð˰ɡ
˶Լķȡ
ȥ
͵͵վһ۷ǧ㡣
ûϵӦ˯ĺ졣
һ۲ڵ䡣
ͷŵƿţĵĹš
ſڣ˷õϢϣʱλڴ绰СС˸ȴ
Ҷϵ绰Сתܺ˵ʲô𣿡
Ϣʵ˵
Сܾȣǧôܻûб𣿡
ûˡҡҡͷ
Сҧָףϸֳһ˿գȻϢǾһ׼һλ
ͷǸûй䰡رϲ
Сüڲ𣿡
³ˮе󣬰˳ˡʵ˵ȥҪϢѲ̫ðɣ
Сɫһ٣临ӣָָ֮˸
𼱻ǵŲȥСֻùޱȡ
ʱ˲ôѿ·ҲԲķǧ㡣
ǳԴҩ
ϴϴ̧֣ͷһ۾ӡ
˺һֲһ
ĺܺɫܺһϢʳɵĳഺģԲҹߵܵõĳ
ͦƯģھǰ˸͡
ȻͻȻӾСӰ˲ִͷɫ𽥷졣
̫ûˣǰֲ˼ġ
˸㰲ˣһȥˣҪһ̹С˵
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ҽʿҪĶˡСЦһûʲô壬ȴô⡣
ˣûм𣿡
㲻ǼˣСʵ
һҭ޻˵
ǳҶȻڣϾһֱΪ¡Сô˵ţȴʱ˫ۣȻܲ¡

ǧ㲻ûпĿԴҽʿܱ֤ȫܼﰲȫĸأʱиԱ߰ɣ
ûд飬һŲ֪
Էǧ㣬Ŀǰֻ֪Ǯ

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òȥ˰ɣǧƫͷûҵӰĿһ
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ǧתͷԱ߼һʱϣ˱ɢһ֫˯һǺ
ȥ˯ķǳüͷ죬ȥקԼͼЩ
ǧΪ˹˼£յõƫߡ
ʲôϸϸɰĶڷǧͷϹһ£ת˲ţ޴Ӳ
ϵͳʾ
ǧȻü
Ӧôɣ
ѵҪӴϽȻ˵Լ˯
ǧѾôˣʱῴͬһ


6 
ǧָЩ˶֣˸ϵı졣
ǵĺܹأ¶棬³һɫСë
ҽԺĳͣ㹻Ǯе˶Ĳ鱶ӹעȴϸֺľٶ
˭ģֻһֿܣɷǧȴôɡ
˯ˡûͬǸ׷Ůô˯⸱У
ǧ㲻ԾķһԼûЦ
ǧָĻãܽѹһ˯ΪȥҲһġ
ǧҪȻȴ߹Լָûסˤ˻ȥ䣬ͲĽ໥ײ΢һ
һѸٵ˷Ӧ۾ûͷֱȥ˷ǧߣôôˣզˣ
ǧ˯Իûȫ壬ݺݵգ۾³һ´ͷһ̷ǧȴͻȻãƯ
Ǵ𣿡ͬʱҽŶ룬˷ǧϸעһ·ǧľ״̬ȷûʲô¡
ȥǧ㿴ҽҽһҴææ֮ɫĻʿ˵
ܣڿһЩ顣ҽ˵
ҽɣǧ㲹䣺һСʱ֮
õģܡҽ򵥵ļһ·ǧ״̬˼Ǻųȥ
һԹɵվţֱĿҽ뿪ŷɡ
ҽǱŰٷְεģʱҽ˵ʲôʲôֻҪҽ㲻ҳ´ҽ
ֱҽ˿
ǧڲϣŹرյĵƣʵ㲻˯𣿡
ǰץһͷ˯ɽˡ
ôѣǧҲֻԷֻ˵ʲô
Ŷû£ͦϰˡ
һҳʱ׵ĸȿûͦع۴֧ĸ㻤ǶʱԼ˯йȥûڡ
ֻҪҽԺȫעģ˯а㲻Զᾪѡ
ͼ˯ʱ򣬷ǧ˵ѿյ͵㡣
Ҳûס˷ǧָǧһʶľҪӦȴ̾ͷſˣֻ˵ôʱֶûůٿ͵ġ
ȥ͡ ǧܲϲһֱظԼ˵Ļɽȴ鲻е顣
˲Ҫԡ˸Ƿ
ԴԼĻǧûз񶨣ǻ˵ߣˣͿ㡣
߶ҿȥܲ㡣ʶľܾͷǧʵûҪ֡
ȻĻ䣬ȴͻȻע⵽˷ǧı顣
ǧûѪɫǽÿüͷ壬ȥһô˵ģƺҲܲԸ˵ֻ
ǸҪһɣ⡣
͵͵°ͣѵ˵ΪʵǧڻϲʱҪ󱧱ΪǸǮ˵ֻӣԲôŤŤҪ
һʱ֮Էǧͬ
ôʱ
ȻԭǴһʱһʱ
ǿԱúðοġ
£ƹҪȥǧ㶯˶ҪŲһλ
𶯡˷ǧɢͷϵͷ˷ǧĲߣλùˡ
ǧ˫ۣɽëڲԾеĲƽ
˯ˡ
˵ôһˡǰ治֪ԼǲӦñ۾˯֪Լ˯಻ãѹô졣
һСʱ֮ҽһСʱͦͦ͹ȥˡ
۾װģ͵͵۷ַǧһֱ˫ۣżһۣɴ󷽷۾
ôǧ㶼ƯģƯƯݡ
彡ԺֳܸŽɫĺ촽ƯСװɢ˳ˮ߸߸ָ̳㽭ɽģ˧ˡ
ϣ϶ŵ޵Χ˵עҩˮͲŷϴ¼ζ
ǧͷܺÿǵõʱϵĴУƫӲӦǸƢ
϶ܲôɣ
̾˿
ϲǧ㣨+11
ǧϵͳʾüͷԾս˲䣬ʣΪʲôֻ11㣬ɲ33𣿡
ϵͳΪǧɷ֣ͬ+11ǣ+11XX+11ǧһ㡣
ǧƤֱ⹷ϵͳѵȥXXҪǰ


7 
ǧ֪û˯ţҲ֪ڿ
ƽ˺£ǧҲ޷˯ϰߺͬߵʶ޷·
˫ȥڿĹϵ̹ϲĽ̸
ǸҵŮˣôϵǺܳԤϣͷβֻǵ˯߲֮΢ݣ֮޶
֮󿴵ѿ˯ˣüͷ΢塣
ΪԭһСʱȫȻѣֱϵͳʾ
ҽƿŵͻȻӴϷµĶȫͬ˫ڵʱһġ
Ӷѹˡ
ԭΪһСʱųž͹ȥˣţֻһСʱ׹ȥ
ǧٺÿҲһСʱͲûǧмüëˡ
ҽͻʿСȵĻԼѾӲİ壬ѹû˼һ¡
Ȼڻʱһ̧ۣȴͻȻҽʿķ϶֮п˷ǧֱֱĴԽ˿̽˼ȥΪ
˲һ飬һҶӲվԭء
󱻷ǧ񶢵ò˼εͷڶԷĿⱻסʱȥȺϡ
µһ˲ΪһֱҪעǧ㶯̬ǣ˯Ҳǲ̤ʵΪǧҪӲڴϳ˰ֺķ˲ĲУӿαͷǽᵽһߣɴ˯ȥ
Сʱ򿴵ľһģǹ̶ڵϵΣϰϣС棬һֻ£һֵֻס¶İСӣǴĿӣ򡭡
С۽һ顣
Сʱ򣬷ǧѾˣҽС˽˻㱨һ¡
ǧһβΣȻǳΣȴָĺܺãҽԷһûǶicu۲켸졣
ܡСǧڵľͷĲ˵ҪȥΪ׼һЩ𣿡
ǧ㳤Ľëµסиӵɫڣȥˣ
Сһ£ɫ΢Ŀһ۷ǧ㣬ǧĴȫҪࣺûУʱϢϣ˯úѿ
˯úѿǧ۾СС̻⡣
Сƿţ˯һġ
ǧûֻСֻһ£ƬϿʱ˯ľȻȲ㴲Ҫ
ƣµĺȦ㹻
û˯á
û˯õԭΪ
ǧɫ΢ëڵס˲Ķݡ
ɨ赽ǧڹۿԵƬǷԵĶأĶж뽫ԵƬֻֽɣѷɹ㣨+5ʧܣ-5
ǧһ飬ɲǼ˼ɢ
ҪƬóֻֽ
Ƭϵȷƣ˯˵ȷۡ
ǧ˵ҵֻڲߣû취񡣡
ʱ졣
ʱ䣿ֱӼһʱƣⲻڱȡ
ǧ㳤ͻһǻһƬΣ
ϲǧ˶ԵƬռãϵͳԵΪǧˣϸھɰܣԵǧֻкܶƬһܸ˰ɣǧļƬɣ0/10㣨+10ʧܽʮεͷעΪ񡣡
ǧƤһɫ̫á
СǧΪı飬ĿһûǧΪѵɫѯʣܣʲôԸ𣿡
ǧֻе㲻˳ְѹԼ̫ѨСֻһƬɱ֮
СȻһ飬ʹðһ뷨ֻС
ǧ㽫ֻССӹʱ򿴵ǧָⶼڲ˫棬оֻҪǧ顣
ֻȻС
С˿
Сǧס˫ۣȥˣҧгݵ˵⼸Ƭֻϡ
С


8 
ѹʱһë̺űë̺㯣㴲ʱõġ
һ·˿оָ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰʲô·һ
һǧ㾫µüۣգ۾һҲ
ë̺icuĴ͵͵濴
ҽͻʿȥ֮һֱģӦȽϺðɣ
Ӧýȥ
վſʲôС̻ͷСлŵķУȥɣȥϴһ£Ҹʱϴþߡ
ллͷӹϴþߣû뵽СȻϸĵİ׼Щ
û뵽ĻСڽϴݸʱ˵Щȡ
ЩΣ仰ôأ
ץץգ˵Ǹë̺Ҹϵİɣлл
СϸĿı鶼ĽӲˣһЦƽʱ𣿡
±ƣƽʱʲô
źŷַǧû˯Էе㲻ڣԼϴþȥ䡣
СĻ֣ﰵﻹܹܵСԷǧĺάģԭСԭ飬ӦڷǧСҲǸְȻֻֻƬĵʱܾСֵֹġ
һֱܰԭǣ涼Եöԭôġ
СеķУڴеֻ˳ܣֻ
ǧӹֻС˯ͼޱĽΪֻֽ
ϲǧ㣨+5
ǧǵõʱԼڲΣ֮ʱϵͳ˴洢άϵʱϵͳĳʼһٵ㣬Щ֮ǰ˶ʮ㡣
һβΣʮ㣬Ϊֹȴֻʮڼٳʲô£¾Ͷɲȥˡ
κһ㣬Զ
š
κһŵĻŹ
ʱСֻ˵绰ŷǧͨǹ˾飬ǧڶԷҶϵ绰˵ȥ˾ɡ
ҽСʵ
͹ˡǧ۾СɻĿ⡣
ˣٽҡС·ʱɫĿһڵ뿪
ǧģʽֻҪһʮġ
ǧǷոģʽոʹɸӳ㣨+2ǧѡǷ
ǧָ΢˿ϵͳǲװʲôͼɻصʱ֡
ǧѾЩԱˡ
ǧѡոģʽ鿴ֻлʹá
ֻģʽгһ߱߿һ߱߿վ㸨ɹ÷ǧʮ뷨顣
ûԣ߳ʱ򣬼ľǷǧʱֻ֪ʲôиøпִˣ˶뿪ֻ
ǲҲڷǧ㾫ͷ
ҽ˵̧һ𣿡򿪶ûд򿪵ʳУʵųԶǺ
ȻûеȴĻشȥ˻ʿ壬ͻʿԻ
ǧһֱרעգһֱע߶ûעƬеڸʲô
պܿ죬ûзǧеǰѣϵͳʾĶ
ϲǧ㣨+10ӳ㣨+2ͨգϲԵϵͳԵףλŶ
еϵͳ˷ǧעϲ
ʱǧŵֻеᡣ
ȵʳСһʢոϴС룬ÿһ¶΢ȴڷʳ
΢̧һĴ֮ʱ̧ۿڹ۲ıǷֲʡ
ʪֽ֡
棬ͷܿĸ

ʮƬļ죬ÿ߶Ѹٱʱǧյ⡣
ҪĲͨͨƬЩϰ֮вױϸڡ
Щϸ֮Уǧ㿴һޱϸĵĹ۲һж
ڶ̶̵İСʱ֮УƬʼնǿġ
ʵĿ¶˵ʳոպóԵԵıȣһ۵Ľʳ֮Уעʮϸڡ
رᣬ¶ֻֽ˯˺ܲÿƣգǧԼݼٵ
Ƭе۶ֻΪ


9 
ǧֻǰİ
ϵõʲô˾Ĺɷݣ飿Ҫ֣
˽Ĵ󻷾֮£ǧ㲢ΪѾһ̤ײԼ԰ʲôüֵ
ǧСӹ˾˶ʱΪ飬ɺǰһЩ켣һ۾ܿʲô
͹˾ɶһԷ͹˾߹ܴùϵһпɲΪ̳й˾׼
ǧ΢΢𴽣ϵľһΨͼֶεĸԣԲᶯģҲԲĲƲЩ˵ˣжͬĶĵȺߵˡ
ҲܻˣֻҪܿлʱ
ͬʱȴΪ죬ף޷յ飬ǧɵĺܡ
ڷǼ鼴ǧƶضǶ󣬼ȻˣΪȶͰҪʲôֻҪָˡ
ϲǧʱܵԵĹע͵ģ϶Ѿů˰ɣϲλĸȲ֮˵лǷǳҪŶǧʵıĶԵĸлɣ
ǧı˲佩Ӳе⻶÷ǧҧס´ûбֳų⡣
ող˼·ʵл
⹷ϵͳڿЦ磬ͼıԼԼҪʾл
ѷ㣨+15ʧ㣨-30
ǧ˿ƽԼ顣
ǧ˫ۣ˵ʱлл㡣
ǧûϵͳʾɵһҧ
ʱ䣬鷳չˣ岻㣬ܶҪ鷳æһֱҪ㣬ʲôҪģôһһᾡ㣬ĸл
Ȼϵͳʾȴʼնû
Ϊ㣬ûʲôԸġ
жί˼̤ΪŮݱڿ࣬Ϊ˱ͣͱӡǧûκˣκ˵İæһվġ
Խܱ˵ĸлȴԼȥлһˡ
лǶ飬Ķ
ǧ۾˵Щȴ޷ϵͳ˵ʵ˵Щ
ϵͳжɣ֡
ǧ㻺ĽһֱһԵ
Ȼȴסˡ
˯ˡ
㴲ͷαϣ˯൱
ģӴҫڴߣɹֱϣ΢ᴵڷߡ
һĻ̫ǧжݵĺͣ͡
֪ƣ
û۾ǮĻҪľ
һֱԣȣ˯˯Լ˵ᾪѣֻҪΪʹ͵Ի˲˫ۣ˯δȴɻᵽߡ
֡
ǧû˯ôΪicuͨԵʡ
ڵģҲ˶ġ
ǧסƭˣǸ˽Ůݼƭˡ
޷ܱƭڣͱɹƭ˰ɡ
лл
ǧɳʵĵлϵԼĵĸоǲǺܰأϲ㣨+15
ǧ𴽣ʲô˵仰ʱһСѷ죬䲻
ԼԼ˵Լллллʲô۾㯵ĿܣԴü˯߲ˣľ¾˯
ǸҸոպ˵лл𣿡ʵ
ûСǧĪľЩպ죬תߡ
ǿ˰ɡͻȻע⵽˷ǧ㣬գգ۾ȷǧɫܺ첻ǴֱȥǧĶͷʱǧȫӲԱԼĶ£ûհôˣ
ǧ㳣겻ɫ͸һĨԵüԣȻһĨӦǲ£ɲùȻǧȾϺɫһƬĽɫ
ǧı죬ԥĲΪΣԷȴ˵ľȡ
Եǧ˹עһжְɣͰµлôûһ۵ĵлأ
ǧϺλδϵͳ˲üһ
ߵԵһǳɣ񷢲Եһ۵ĵл֮ǰɣ㣨+5ʧ㣨-88
ʲô


10 
ΪʲôɲŸȴҪ۳ʮˣǧԼü䣬ΪϵͳԿۣϵͳš
ǧԵǵӦȻڼ򵥵ϵͳ޷㣬֮λ޷ǣϵͳжλ鲻ͣԵѵĿԡ
ѳͷŻر𣿷ǧ˫ۣǳʹ
˼ڵòۻ˰ʮţһҪ۳ʮˣֱӶ·
ǧ֪Լ-Ѿûа취ͦһβΣˡ
ǰʲôģǧ㲢ںǲҪǡ
ǰֻҪҳŵôܵõԷϡ
ģ֣̌˫ۣһֱһԿЩ˯δŮˣȻ˶ԷûκζĴӵбӵ뷨ԼƺǸ˿͸ѿڶĻ˺УôҲ˵
÷ǧЩ֡
֣˵Ӧ˵Լ֡
ɫܺãҲûвʹ
ֻҪϷǧ۾ëëģе˵ѵ˾ץӷεĹ
ԼˣΪ˰ݺһý֮޺ǷѾ
ı˯ľ
ǧͻȻڣ΢ʲôҪĶ𣿡
ȥ˯˵ûӣôʾֱӰﻰ˵ˣ˲ռ䰲Ӳ亹ֱ֪Լ˵ˣ̲ȣҡҲ˼
ҽǧ˵ҽԺ˶ӵĵطȷʺ¡
ǣҡգۡ
Ҫʲô˵顣ǧƽѾicuʱ˵Ѿͬɫȥ˺ܶࡣ
Ӳű飬Ȼޱְ˷ǧߴֿɼĻʿ塣
ǧıƽ˫ۣεı飬Ǻ̫˱Ⱦ޴
ҽͻʿҴææĸ֮ǧ㲻ȶԷѯʣ˵ҪԺȥż顣
ҽ£ãΪܰš
ԺҪԺˣ
е̧ͷ
ոҲһ˵ûдߴٵ˼ûУ
ǧ״̬ȷǺ̫ˣȻķ·紵ߣü֮ȴѾչֲ֮ʱĴƽᶨںͶԷ˵ʱʦʱܵѹȸС
Ǿò-ð
ʵźõ㣬ܳԺ𣿡
ҽŽԼעһǧûֹŶܼͣеʩҽԺͻ¼Ҳ㹻ֵҽԺҽʩڷܼлҽԺҪãʺ
һ㶣ͻȻӦǧѾϲˣôǮ϶ЩĶ
ҽ˵Ϊܵİ£ЩӦ֪ġ
ɫһ
⡭ʵɣĺͷǧ㲻졣
Ҳûд
ȻĵСƱ̣ܽˣʲôҪעҽԺ˵˵𣿡
Сڽӵ˷ǧҪԺϢ̱֮ҽԺҪŶ룬ȴͻȻ洫
֪еۡ
ԲҲôġ
Сüͷһ壬ԺĿһͻȻƿţͼͻȻһѽһû·Ů§˻
Сһ㶡
ڵ¶ƫߣʱŮϸֱ۰¶⣬ĴȴУ˫ǩ¸ָ֣һ˲˭
ǧĻ΢΢̽ͷѩ׵ļͷĴֱߣڵͫеӰСӰӣͫɫ԰׵Ĵ͸һ˿õĻȡ
Сһ̳Ŵš
ŷǧӲˣǲǷӦˣҶŮģҲûҪרŵŰɡ
ǸҾʶǧҪܴܲһŷ
СʿǧȴƮƮĿһۣ˵
ӵʥּһӲǧ㻻·ǧƺϰ߱ĲŪ-һ㲻Ŵ-Ҳ̹Ȼ
ҪǲӦȻŪɣڸǧ㻻·Լȴһ
ô˵Ƕǰ¡
˵ģݣǧҲǺÿġ
ôĿŵΪϷްɡ
ͷǧֲϷޡ
һֱڿ𴦡
ǧ΢΢̧ľȫУеעԼ֮ʱ޷Ĵϡ
ó֮ۿҵ-𣿡ǧߣ͸Ųѹ֡



11 
ǧ㲢ΪֻǼ򵥵ӵʲôصĺ壬ֻһΪѣܶ˶ᱻֺθеΪƭ
ڿ߽ߵԺȴͻȻֳ˯㴲Ŀϵʱ
ǵĳ嶯Ȼ
ɼĳԼǱݵԻˣҲӦ˵·֮Ļ
ǧ㣬ǲ-壬˭¿˶ֻɡȻ֮һϤըĶߡ
Ȼǧ˫̧ۣͷոȴͻȻס㯱顣
ôˣ
ǰŮ˲ûŶĳҲ޷ڵ˵Ļı顣
ǵõʱ˵仰֮ʱĳ
Ļ鷿Ĵɫůĵƹ⣬ŵӦһԼЯ֣ͬԽ˵˵ż֮ܰء
ȴǵõʱžƯĸ߸Ьڴ-ϣȴӵģƯݱʦװĸΪҲܹ͹Գ˫۾ĳų⡣
վվɣ黹ϣ治֪ȥ֮ЩҪôڱءժ˹̶סķУںڵķ˿ɢͷҲͬڳ֮ʱҲ۲Ļ治뱻ű˷߶߶ˣ˯ˣ
ǴûһŴ-˯
ǧΪĳֻߵܿͰˡ
ӻ鷿뿪
һʼ鷿ͺҾ뼫Զ
ǴһԿ໥İ¡
Ǹȡˡ
ǧͻȻЩЦչˣȻ˻һ˵ĳ嶯ֻһ֮󣬶˱˲ʵʵڴ
Ǹѡ
ģ̌ͷ˵
ǰ˰𪵽̬ƤȻڴ-ϣȴʱ̶ˤȥһ㣬·ûл꣬ɵĳȴļԵɿ壬ûϵϿӣţ¶޷ȥעķɡ
˷ǧĻ˹ȥ
ǧץסֱ̧ۣͷŽߵݣ΢΢˶Է
Ƕѡ
оǧץסֱۣȻȴ˷ǧ·
ǧ㿴ԽԽԼִӶԷֱϻͼȥס°͡
Ȼȴͣ˷ǧ·ϣСĵİۺ˿ӡ
-嶼ǺҪģҵȻǲ-˿ȻҲǲԵġ˵ʱ򣬷·ͨľˮһûκεĿ⡣
ǧһ٣۵һĨ֮ɫȻȴǿͣǰ£ʲôϵ
סǰһֱѷǧ㵱ǽͻȻ֣ʵΪŮˣǧȻȴеĻеģʱ̧ۿĹ˵ĸоЩ졣
²ŸӦ໥أҪʱʱֻ̱̿˵ԼĻ
ǧסˣ˵ʲô
飿

ҲûţҲû飬ҲûͻȻȥ尮ˣҲ
͡ǡǡʾ֭˵ȻͻȻ㣬ʵҲе㲻˼ɶе㺦ǡ
ѵΪڵһκ𣿡ǧȻȴҲ֪ͬ˵ʵ
ڲ-ϵĲ޷֧-ζϸ˫-ȣ-ȷͬ˵ǰ㣬κ˿˾ֻĸоɡ
㣬Ư˵һ仰;Щתƻ⣺Ǹ㱧һҵĲӣҰ㻻ӡ
ǧɫӣûж
ûϵǲˣǱҿ˼ҲһǳŮˡΪü䲻˼պţ죬ң·ͿϢһˡ
ǧֵʱ룬ԼŴûôɡ
һ̣ȥʲô
΢СԸκζ˼άȥƻһ̡
ǰΪһӵŮ˵һ̡


12 
ǧ㻻·ʱͻȻ˺ܶ࣬ոջ˵ʲôֲĻȴĹ졣
̧ͷ˺üȷ϶Էûв˲ŷĵļ
ڵ¶Ⱥܸˣ˵ĳһϸϸĺˮɺ·ǧˡ
ס˷ǧȸϿӣµĴϸģŮеϸ壬СȴǸĲǹģ˫̫ϸˣϸ·޷֧һ˵һ㡣
ԭﲢûжǧŮκīھԭǷǳǮģӵӴļҵȴ첻£ӻȴ˿κ˥ܼ
˵д鲻Ҫ߼ǷʵоͲòȥ˼ˣǧĲһ崴˳󲻵ӴĻҵ
زʱСҲᾭ㱨ʱķǧǱ۾ţƣģȴ׼ȷĴ˾
ͷ·ϵǧʱ򣬰еĽ㶼ҵһ
ڿǧʱ򣬷ǧϸݵĸ첲ӵסĲԼǴʿȴҲɾ÷ǧĿ¡
סɫӣסǧĽף̫ˡ
·ֻһƤ
˫ŵ״ܺÿȴֻۡ
ΪʲôͣˣǧͻȻʵ
ͻȻãݰɫ˷ǧĽϣЬ׾ٵȥ
𣿡ǧƽͣƺںӡ
ԺֵģˣڸÿġҲ֪Լʲô˵Ļģֻǡѿڶ
ǧ㴹
ǻ
ڵͷ·İһ
ǧ㴹ǰǵʱסĽ׵ʱ֮ɫģв֪ʲôζ
ϲǧԵӵ㣨+2
ϲǧԵĴ·̣㣨+2
ϲǧԵۣ㣨+2
ϲǧԵĳޣ㣨+2
ϵͳĴε÷ǧȻԼ˼άлعɫӣϵͳ˿϶
÷ǧƭķʽĺøе뷨޷ʵ֣һжʵġ
С½ʱڸǧ
ǧͷܳЩӲ˳ֱķûкһ㲡ġ
ûиͷϰߣԼͷǧͷνС³ˣЩ֮ͣᷴͨȷ۷ǧ㡣
ǧƽʱŵ㴲ϣİ˫ۣѵһ˳ӵģ
СЩ졣
ôϸĵչһˣ㿴˶ٴζۡ
ܣΡСδ˹
ǧǶƵģλϿеĻҪҲǷǧ㹫˾зĲƷᾧ
ǧ㲢ǲߣֻ̫ɳʱĻ󲿷ʱ䶼϶ȹ
ǧͷôǰͬʱǧվ
֮󣬵һμǧվ
ȻȴܸȵķַǧȻҪߡ
ǧվ˱̧ͦ߰վֱʱ̬Ǽͦεģͬϰ˶ϸİĲԺĪĸֳ쾱֡
ǰȥȴڿǧģǰ
κεĲǶ߰վŵķǧ¡
ǧ㲢û£ڵķǧƺƽʱҪÿ
ôˣǧܹܵʵʵĿ⣬ʵ
ûʲôǾáе˧˧İﲻݴʣץץԴЩ˼
ǧ㲢û˵ʲôֻĴ˫ƿ
һվȴת˲ţǧֻǴת϶ѡ
οȥʣϣ˫ۣͬڲһ
Ѿˣڿ̳ԺˡС˵
ǧ򵥵Ӧ
Сվԭأһ
Ҳվԭأһ㯡
Ǹ̲סʵһ𣿡
ʶУζҪƵġ
ܵΣҪҲƲġС֪ǧľǿȥǰķ
𣿡һ㯣һκõΪƶƵİִʹǰסһ£ǰˣɣƵ˻ϸܴܲ谭⡭ⲻƶ𣿡
С۾ʶĵŷǧ㷢𣬿ǲûС
ǧֻǰİ˫ۣĶĬˣС֡
𣿡סεƷ֣ʵ
ߡСܾ֮󣬲Ӧ


13 
ΣǧŮվ
ʱʱ̿עı飬κڱĿܡ
ǧֱͬһβΣֱȻһҲϵͳ
ǧԼȴʼˡ
оκε⣬ͷ·Ķⶼ롣
ǧ㻹һֱ˼ŹڵлӦɣȴҲһʵʱ
ȻҲǾһ
ʲôǧ˼·ع飬ǰŴݣֱĴڼͷķ˿£ʵԼȥҪҰæ
ǧȻѾվֻǻλӦòѡ
ǿŽߵǧ˵ҡ
ʵҲô˳һʣûæոոշǧվʱǸ߰ģöԷ϶˼ҵİæ
һĶǿôȴҪͦء
ǷǧȻôʾˣòոսվôһѾ֧˰ɡ
ǲˣովǲǳˣﲻһҪ˵аһ뵽˿ʲôԽԽпܣ̲סѯʵ
ǧ㿴һ۴򿪵ĳţ˵ֻǲϰϳ
зҪĸλϵϰ𣿡ʵ
ǧбһû˵̾ͱ죬ʲôʣˣ鲻ûӰ죬ð취ԭ֮ǰǧǰ١
ѡ÷ǧµλڼʻ󷽣ŷǧǸϲ̫ˣұ㡣
ǧ㴹ǰıȳƣƯں֮ҲôʱͽǮάԼ
ǧ͹
һ̣޷ıǧȴжݵ졣
ĲƯļ粿ϸ֫Լڰ֮΢΢¶СƬĺ
ôˣһûѹͷʵ
£ǧ㶯ˣſı
ĪͻȻһ£ǧıϢĶϸϸůĪӿ죬Ƥûбõ鷢ΪǧĶЩʶ
һ˱ܸܵĹͷˣɵǸŮԣеġ
ȻȴͻȻܵƽʱûúעԲ۾
к΢Ȼƽʱע⣬ôȻе㡣
ԽԽԼ˼ƫҡͷֹס
ǧ㴹ĴĲߣȻ˵ǣϵͳûض涨ʲôطǣôδԡ
ֻҪͷˡ
Ҳ֪ƽʱϰĸλϣλȽȫһ㣬ҲܷɰͰ͵ԼҪ룬ھ˵Լı⡣
ǧĶͻȻͣ١
Ȼһ£ʧȥȻ
֮ǰ˾ĳǺȣ˾㿴͸˺صĸо˶ץʱ˵ģõ㡣
ǧʶҧסӦȥԷܡ
˾ǲͨӾһۣܿǧרŻظһûʲôķϻ
 ס˷ǧСȣޱİǧΪƣǧȫ̶ûз²һֱעߵ˾Сɴ۾
Сֹǧֻ-岻ò̱ûбҪϸڵֵزɡͷǧ˺ͦϰߵģ
ǧ˫ۣСȥ˸ʻųзҡ
ΪԤϣѰɺɡ
ǧֻҪĿ궨Ȼ߾ȫɣǵһôûװ״߹
ĵĸоܡ
ǧ˫ۣҪȥץ
Ȼȴͣ˰С
ͷλϡ
˵Ǹ
ıţԴ͹
ûʲô飬ֻµϨĻֻ
⼸һûп


14 
Ķ֣ͺҪ⿴һ㡣
ȻƽеֻûִκβȴһֱҪȱͺܿɣΪƵԵʵķǧ޷ı飬ȴʹľڽš
ǧܿ幰ĻȣʶĽţ۵һ˿ɻ
ȴϲԸ߼ֵĳݵȴһֱѧһֱӶ˾
Ժ£ǲܴڵġ
СӺӾһַۣǧ󷽵ƫͷȥɫĳǰԱַǧֵĹעˡ
СĽǶȴڸʲô
ģ̌΢΢ǰ㣬ļϣԸоµͻȻĶ
ôˣǧʳڵʱԼҲ£ȥ⡭ǵһΡ
û£ֻ΢еͷΣһһ㡣дЩҽĲαװЦҹΪ⼸ûкú˯Եʣؼ֮ܺú˯һˣرڴ˯þ
ǧ㴹ƽʱҪ˲ٵ١
̧ͷǧ˵
ôˣû¡֧壬ȥǻã¶ǳǳЦݣֻǿȥмǿ
ȷȥû£ԶڸϢû£ܺãõġ
۾ȴĿ˸ȻȴһֱķԼϣŬĿŲȥ򳵴⡣
ԭ
֡
ǧϵ֣Ӽͷգһ㶡
ǧĵ¶ȴ໥ĵط𽥴ŷԼվȻġ
ΪʲôǧҪգʶȥǲʲôණȴַǧ㶯ˡ
ϸӰԼڵס˴Ƭӳ⴫ķ羰㯣֮ȴ޿ɱܣǧԼӽ
Ưһ۾޵ϣʧ˫۽Ӱһ˵Ӱӡ
ȵķ֣ȻܿǧͫеԼ
ǣĴߣŵȻһˮϢӵ룬˲䶳Ĵԡ
ǧִһʲôûκηɶԷԼ
ƺ˷ǧϣķ˿֮һֻĴ壬˳ôʵķ˿һһġ
㯵̧ͷ¶ϣŷǧûκǵݡ
ллʱչˣϢɡǧɲǴϰԵĻ࣬仰ȴǼġ
û뵽ܵõǧĵлҲЩ£ɵ˰죬ǧ˾˵ȵ㣬ؽͨ򣬲Ҫ١
õģܡ˾ͳɤȻ֮ѹͻȻӲ
ǡǸã·̲ȴǧ׾ٵİס˼
Ҷ ǧ˵
ӲȻ˷ǧϣȻ˵ǺϷӦȻİɡ
ǾȻոգȻ£
ת˲ţǾ˰ ôкԵոУһһյ˫ͨ졣
ǺϷȻģ
ͫ׵˱˵İ˵УԭԭԭͷǧȻôһС඼ܲˣ
ˣ¸Ҫˣ
ȻȻҸ̹װɡ
űͻӲԴµ˫ȴע⡣
ݡ
Ǻ׳Ĵȣȴֻܸܵ
ıԾ˼άһƽգգ۾
ǧܺܿͻ뷨ͬһˮ
̹ס
뷨Ժһ
÷ǧ㵣Ǻġ
˲ǧ˫ȣ˵õ㣬ְɡ
ݴԭǧ㱾ӵеİµĹػ


15 
ϲǧɵл㣨+5ϲǧۻһٵ㣬һϵͳ
ϲǧԵɹܣͼϥͼѾ棬Ƭ¼ʱ鿴
ǧʱ򣬲û̶νĶһϵͳ档
һֱͷϵ
ǧôܣ⻹ͷһأӲǧԼҲڽӲ
ΪΪʲôҪϣ
Щ죬ǧҿ϶ǻҽ˶鿴ĳ̶ȣصһֱϵǣ뿴ֻʾΪӿ
ǧ˫ۣԸ׷ѰԼֵΪתһעǷòϵļ¶
鿴һϵͳǧжϵͳ˵
ĿĶһƷǧһĨ֮ɫ
֮ǧͼͼﰲһƬ
ǧƬʱģȻҰС
ı飬ȴƬϿĿ
ʱ΢죬֮УȴһĨ޷εʧ䡣
ǧüΪʲôʧ䣿
˺ܶ࣬Ұܵƣ˲١
ǧ˫ڸոսӴʱЩ䣬ƺΪĿ¡
ΪĶǧ޴ɷţϸָĴļͷ
ѾǵԼһκôʲôʱˡ
һֱžȫ£ǧ·һͻĲĲ
ʲôʱ򵽣
ʲôʱͣ
һɾ˻һֱŲҪ˺ܡ
оǧִļĲ˲һֱӲĲֱӾͱ¶š
ˣ
ͷһߣ΢ֻ
˶Ҫˣһʲô˼
ò׵˵طоǧļʾ
һԾţŸؾҪվֱӺݺݵײ˳ű߿ϣ޴һ졣
ǧֻڿУѸ뿪Լľٶոһ˿Ĳãͱ޴˵һע
֣סԴ
ȥ
û𣿺ôһ졣˾ҲһͷβΣȻٻҽԺ𣿡
СҲû뵽ôһӸʻȥ֣ײʲôˣ
۵˵
ô͵ô¸ײͷСֱ޷ǰ۵۽Ƕˮϵ鼫죬֪ҪҪο
Сʶ̧ͷȥǧǲʲôָʾȴͻȻƳ˷ǧʱ΢΢ǣȺССȡ
ǧ㵱Ȼ֪Ϊʲôô³ײͷӦƵȴΪײͷ΢
סĵ㣬ɳ
ǧ㣬ǰܵ˺ûмѡЦԵĸ顣
ǧĶ߳ϵͳĻеʱɫһ
ͷΪԵ˴ҩ˵ؼʡʹʹŶʧܳͷͬܣԵͬͷײӵͬСװ
ˣӿҪײС˾ȥȥйܼ׼ҽҩ䣬ȽȥС˷ǧĶߣǧʶü
ûЦǧкϵͳ粵
ϵͳжϻ׼Ǹȫݽеȫǧϵͳ
ǧ˿ԼΪЦ˶С
ǧ㿴űСԴѾʼĵطǳۡ
Բͬ
񡭡
ǧ˳õ֮С


16 
ôˣ⻹ǵһνţһζ濴һ۾̱Слȥˡ
Χܵһжİݻһȥڵװ޲ò˵ǼʵģӵʵĿռ䲻ʦŸȥơ
ǰһλźɫСװŮԣŮӦǳʱԺ۽ѾЩϸƣſȥѾʮ꣬ԭвûйŮԵԭȨ֮Ѿˡ
С̬вѲ²ǰӦþڵĹܼҡ
ͷβΣûﲻ·᲻ò۾𣿡Ůܼڵõɵһһش֮˵Ϊ³ײӦò˵ԣԷһûȥҽԺ顣
ˡԴϵĴȥίͰ͵ģĶۣҲۣеģֻŻۡ
˵Էһ¹شԵ鲻ܵŮ˵Ƴһ̬ȺǿӲ
˶ĿԼϣ˼΢˵ԼĴ˵˾䣺ðɣлл
ŮܼҵõĸлûסüƺЩ࿴˼ۡ
ǧ뿿ϿۿԴϵİһ׳һ޴ģǳء
ôԵúϲУƽʱԴ̬ӲĹܼҶڴʱЩ
ǧ㲻ͷϡ
ǧͷһҩ䣬˵뿪
СŮܼҷֱһۣʼʰ׼뿪
ҩšǧ˵Ůܼ·ߵʱͷ׼һ
Ŀ뿪գ۾ҲȥҽԺ𣿡
û⣬ֻǼ򵥵ײ˸ѣϵͳʱֻ˵ҩûĲ֢
ǧ㿴ƯŮԴʱȥȻȴֿɰΪոյʹˮûȫɢ۾ȥˮġ
ǧתߣ·ڶʲôһ
ǧȥߵҩ䣬ָóеĳҩƿֻɨһ۱ǩ˵
˹ȥ
¡ǧ˵
̶ǧƺĴҩҵһЩûпҩ
ǧƺҪ̧ҩ̴չԴȥԾغܡ
ǧֶ˶٣ᣬȴǸˡ
ɫմȾҩˮͿĨĶͷᣬʹһ˿˿һֱоյĶͷо˺ܶࡣ
ʲôҩоЩĪĲ˼ڷǧԣƺҪſ˷ǧˡ
õġǧ˵
ϤҩôҩƷֱˡʵ
ǧشķǳ򵥣ţžǾòҽɣ
ദһʱ䣬ҲԼǧԸƺͱȽĮԹƽʱǳĬ˲²͸˼
˵ǱȽڽвܻӭԸ
Ƕ԰ˣȴǺںģǵֻ͵͵գᡭ˫ۣĪĲζ
˫ۣǧҲǸӵġ
ϵͳ˵ЦɲòϣڳЦ֮ȷЩۡ
Ǻ׵ĻһȦĴǧ˼Ρ
Ȼһ뵽ϵͳ񣬷ǧıֳȥ
ģ̌ۿһȦܣȻ뿪Ͳ˸ҿ
Ҫǰ˵ֻǧֻԴۡ
𣿡ǧԼһ׼һʵ
ۡ
ǧ㣺
ǧû˵̧һ۷ǧ㣬һ㶣ǧı֣ѵ˵ش
ܾñëëģ֮̽Ե˵˾䣺ǣе۵ġ
ĿŷǧıЩͣһͷˮǧ㣬ѵΪʲôʼ˼Լǲʲô
Ȼƿӱµ°ͱһֹֻס΢΢̧
ͷŷǧ㣬֮£ǧ㱻ҫָ׵͸
ǧ΢΢
ڳغˣʶΪǧҪ̱˫ۣûж
ͻȻһķ紵˴Ķͷ

ۣ˷ǧǰ
ƯĴûѪɫʱźϣȥƺر˵
ʹʹŶǧޱ˵·һһ仰Ȼδ֮ǰǧͻȻǰŴȻǰĴ
ǧɴ۾
۾ɵԲ
ȵȡ
ͫ׵
ʹʹˣ
ѵ˵ǧʵ׶⣬ǡԼȥ˰
һʱ֮ƣ˶ɵˡ
һʱ䷴Ӧ쵹˺üһƬңҲ˼ǸллңҲۣԣǵģҡЩңȥ侲һ¡
⣬£Ҫ굽صȥŤͷͿ˿żԼķȥ
ǧɳͷǧµ尲ȫ໥֣໥ģ໥ŬΪģԵɣ
ǧָⲻԾ΢΢
ָԼĴꡣ
Щ㱡


17 
Ҵææİģļӵңֻյͨ졣
ĲǹģֻڳһĻʵ̫ˣϵİҲ޷ɢһֱƲȥĻ䡣
Լôôûӣô¶
ϴּˮŻָ˲٣žԼһ㶡
ΪʱһֱҽԺԵʣ˯óҲԣԭƯǱ̣˸飬ģʵǳƲϺÿ
ǧףԭ϶氮
̾˿
գգ۾ͻȻע⵽ʲô
ܿһȦ䣬ԼʲôطԣһȦܾ֡
ܴ󣬼ССļͥȫĴǰµװΣ͸¶ݻϢ
ͷǧʺܲ
ңΪʲôȫǰԭϲǧôԭ
һ뷨˲Ժ˲վһȦϴ̨ԡ䡢¹ȷԼе뷨
Ҿֻԭһ˵þߣеƷǵ˷ݣ¹ûпȥǷǧᴩ·ûзǧĶ
֣ǶİѵӦסһ
վټĴ͸ŽǮϢķУֻܵԭǿҵݻϢ
һʱ֮䣬㯡

ǧϣڿ֮вû뿪Լ˫յķ򷢴
ǰ·ܿȱߣɵ̧ͷԴϵ˴
ʱ񣬴ְ˫ȨƺͽǮ𽥱
ϵͳңûн𣿡
ǧԵϵܣӦǡÿ졯ʱضȻΪϵͳδճ񣬲㡣
ǧ̾˿ɫ΢ȥ鷿
ټ鷿鱾ǳǳľ㣬żˮζ
ǧӷеĹȡһļ
Ƿļʹ󷽵ķ׷ֵĳֻҪ򿪾ܿ
ǧļЭ鼸־¶Ұ֮С
ֻҪ˫ۣʱԻһ㿿
۾ֻ鲻Խ
ǧס˴꣬񻹲ŲԼ¶ȡ
ű죬ǧӦһСļ˷ǧ󣬵ͷǷЭ顣
ܣҪ뿪𣿡С²
ǧָһ٣ǱʶСϵͳһĶ
ϵͳ⵽ǧߵĵСƻԵɣϵͳǧСԵĴһղ벻ӣöԷ⡣
ɹ㣨+10ʧܣ㣨-20ĽʹӡɲԵȫ+10
ǧ㣺
ǧ΢΢ͷü䡣
ͷʹ
Сǧı飬̵ǰܣﲻ𣿡
ҡǧ˵ϵͳִ
ԵѾλǧ㿪ʼӵʱʼ
ǧһ㶣ˣ

ĶűҪ͸ոԼͻȻȥ飬ȥͷǧǸ
ոյ鷿ſڣСܣҪ뿪𣿡
пһ뿪ΪʲôҪ뿪ҪȥĶ
ԣ뿪£۾˲һ
ܣﲻ𣿡
ĸ˾û룬СԷǧ㵣ǵʶҪֱŶ롣
Ȼǧ侲Ĳκƽ
Ҳ뿪ҡǧ洫ڵҶޱҪߡ
ܣ˼ǽƳע𣿡Сƽѯʵ
㯵գգ۾ע⣿ʲôע⣿ڿŷǧ
Ƚ⣬ΪҪߡǧٻСʲôʱȴټĶ໰
ȻĶ໰Сˡ
ĶҲȷ֣ôʲôһֱһǳɡСļҲûʾϵκιɶ
Ҳ˼ǧЩҼȻ飬Ϊ£Ҫ㹻Ϊµأһգ벻
СĳĬˡ
Բ۾伸ҪϣϢ̫ףһա벻ʻʱпһ
ǧԭô𣿿ȴ˵һźնûС
ͻȻ⣬ôһְ¹ϵ
ǧ뿿ϣϲ
Сȫûļ
ǧ֪Ҫʧܵġ
̬һȷάϵϵСΪĸЩȻ֪ġ
ңȴҲųڷ֮⣬ҲǷǧԼһ͵ġ
˵һаСĽһ
ڵޱҪ˶ѡ
Сˣ˭ΪʲôҪԼҲ֪
һϵͳ
źǧδʧܣ㣨-20Ľʹӵʱʼ
ǧʶҧסأ˳ʹ׼
ҵʹ˲Ϯǧ޷ֿʹ˲࣬ڴڵĺȴ޷ܵĽ룬˲ðһ亹ʹ屻ʹ֧޷жСߵˡ
һ̣ǧܵĿ־壬ȱ֮ʱҪ¡
ϵͳĳͷλ壬Ťꡣ
Խʹȴѡ
ı仯κУֻ۾
ǰ˼ɵȥŮˣҲԺ޽ٵԼ
ڣȴʲôĸıˡ
ǧ㼴ҧסأʹɴСѯ
ͻȻ򿪣ǧоһ˫סԼļ򣬽Ľкʲôʹ޷ܿӦ۽һżҪ޳
ļУĶдϡ
ǧ˸ڵһУԼΪ˻ɣǲһõˡ
ͻȻҵ˼ȻֹǧоԼһůͬƶһ¶鴤ʹ˶ʲôڶ߲ϵĳ֡
ӣͷ·ڻȪ·߹ʹһɲǣǧȻʧ㵹ӵ˵Ļ
ڶߣЩĲ
ÿʲôС֡
Ҳһ㣬һ㡣˫ֱŷǧ㣬֡
ں˵˵ʲôСʶĳ𣬡֣
ܣҴȥȥǻҽԺ ͷİŷǧĺ󱳣ૣʹŶʹŶʹʹŶʹʹͷŶʹʹȫŶ
СͻȻסˣΪûκβٵĵǡ
ʶΪвǧ㣬뿪ǧߣڿʱķǧˣȻ
ڵȷǳܵʱ
ʱһ
ȥ
ȵȡǧĻֹС뿪û¡
оԼĸ˳뿪ǧ¿ϡ
ſĻգգۡ
ǧɫҰȻȴһƽ
С𾪵ĵɴ۾ոջ۵ķǧ㣬ƺûˣ
䡮ʹʹˡûˣ


18 
ǧƿˣԼ˫̧֣ͷǧ㡣
ǧʹĿȥĿ죬ڵʹ龰ƺٵһ㡣
ʶĸԼ󴦡
ǧûֱӿ۽ǵȴʼնû뿪С׽ˡ
ܣҪϵҽԺȥ¼һ𣿡ԷǧͻĲʹӦС¡
áǧ㳯С˵ع˾
С£ûзܣҪҽ𣿡
ǧָҪϰԵûΣĿȴͻȻָͣɲǡ
Щ˼ץץǸæĻҡ
ǧתΣͷ˵
ŷǧƯĲ˫΢΢µʱĺÿǷݱĮ˫΢΢ڣճŵʡ
ǳ׵ľͱǧɫԻˣ˱ܣڷǧ
ڷǧεĺ棬ûע⵽СӺɻ֯
ڷǧκע⵽ǧ㼸ûʲôжܹ׾ٵĲΣξͬ˫һ
Ӧǳ»ϰߡ
ĽǶܿǧļݵ°ͣɫĳȻȴмԿ
۾ȴ˭ܽͿϵһ
ǿˡ
ҪĴڡ
ڷͻȻ̧ͣͷȫϤķ䣬Զڵİ貼ִҰ
ܴڷڵĸﶼܿ൱ĸ壬ƾͬҽԺһĴгŨصҩζ
Ĵͬصװ޺ƣһеĶֻΪ˲İȫͷж
˴ֻ֮һѵӿ£طܵĿã²ⶼΪ˷ж
ĵط
ѡ
Ƿǧҡ
ȫһܰʵңֱһ׵ҽԺ
ڴϡǧ˵
Ŷɵ£ߣӦϷǧ㣬֮ȴձĵطȫ޷ƽ
ĴŷǧҪþеķܵʹִš
󣬾;þġ
ǧδӳóʲôȥһҽҩ䡣
ǧ㽫ӷϣ̧ͷ˵ƿ
һ㶣Щ˼ЦЦʵҲûʲôֻһЩС⡣
ǧһԲƯȴ鷢侲ֹǾżǱ˵ıӡ
Щڣͷʮֹɵƿһߵӡ
ϣȻѾֳ˵ָӡ
ҲǵһֻǾۣȴû뵽Ȼôء
ʱķǧΪҵʹ岻ܿƵսץסԼ󣬺صҪĹͷһ㡣
ǧ㿴ֱϺ˵ɫָӡĿЩġ
һֻҲ ǧ˵
Ǹ߮ƺ̫⡣
ǧüͷ΢壬¶Щã̾֡
һֱ͵͵ڵסڣѾմȾЩ͸·ѪƿĸѪָӡϡ
ǧָУѾɺԵĺɫѪҺġ
ǧѪʹ˿ڡ࣬ȴûһξ˿˳ªĿ
ǧһԲóҩҩ
̶̵ļСʱ֮ڣϾ˶ദˡ
۵ʵʱĻйʹԹ
ֱ
ɷǧҩû˿ڵҩ໺꣬ͷβֻǵ۾㶼ûкۡ
ǧɫ΢һʹӡ
۾ͽУҲ㡣ǧ˵
ۡʶ˵
ǧһѹ
Ǻۡһ
ǧѪּˡ
ееۣе۵ģ㡣װȥˣίĺܣǧʲôëϲ
ǧҲ֪ԼΪʲôӳ˷ҪֻۣǿǿװûµӺۡ
ۣʱΪʲô˵ǧļǵãƿʱĿ⣬˿ûʹʲôһ
Ҳ֪Щ˼ץץգҵʱ͹ˣûӦҲۡ
ǧָ΢ɲһ١
ٺٺʵҲͦȵģû뵽ôˡЦĺɵЦЦҲЩΣЦݣͷǸ֪ʲôȴ֪Լ˵ĺӡ
ǧ㰲Ŀţȴ˵һ֡
⵽ǧԵɹңܵĹĶԷ龰ɣͼ۵˿ڡ


19 
ͼ
ǧ΢΢ϸ˼
ĿǰΪֹͼһֻһΣһֻõһƬûκνԣĿӦþͽΪ˼¼Ե˲䣬ڿƬռ
Ƿǧ㻹ǵƬܹչֳʱ״ı飬ı飬˺֣ûκصĿܡ
ͼڿô󣬵͸¶ϢǽƾԼ޷յġ
ϵͳǧѯϵͳͼʲô𣿡
һͼԽɾ͡
ʲôɾͣǧ׷ʡ
ɾδǰѯףǧŬͼ쿪ɾ͡
ŷǧϸָһֱԼ󣬶ǧĽëڵסɫ޷ֱڷǧʲô
ڷ
ѣܿͻáͼ˳֣Ȼȴǧס
ǧûٰɢ࣬ȴҲû֣ţҩĵϢ֮ӡ
ǧָ״̳Ѫ˿ҲѾѪ֮ôŴסѾˡ
࿴ȥأɵȷͬ˵ܿͻɢ
ֻǼ򵥵Ƥ˶ѡ
ֵһᡣ
ɷǧϵͳʱ򣬵һ²ǾС
ǾþȥΪ顣
ϣĸ첲ϿԼ˺ۣʮۡ
⡭ܣԴԣΪʲôͻȻһˡ
ǧס΢ɿȻȴ΢̧ٴסĴָİסģֻûнȴܡ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀţʶļӿ졣
ôˣԣջ֣ʲôֵֹĶ
ģۣ̌ǰŮ˰ĺܡ
ǧôῴǿװӣʵۣװһνӿۿ˵ģ
һ˲䣬ǧãеɰ
ǧ΢̧֣ǺȫһůԼϣŮ˵һֱܸߣ֮ͻᷢԼµжô䡣
ʱͻȻĸգǧһ㶡
ñͻȻ˵һֻҲסգôôڵĿյ̫𣿡
ǧûôܵĽӴҽ֮ⴥ壬οûоܾΪȴûκðĺ塣
ůһ𣿡ͼԼůһ·ǧգ֮žȫ쿪϶а¹Ҹȡ·һ£
ǧûлش΢΢ɿ֡
ģ󴦣ůϢƤϣ·¶ȶ͸˹ȥѪҺֱʵദ
סˡ
ǧĴһһƣͣ˿ڴ
ͬѻһĽë£ڸסǧ˿˿Ʋһ˺֮
ģޡ
ԴȻըȫ֪ӦʲôӦ
ǧĽëдϵͳʾɵɿ֡
ǸҡͰȫ˵һĻ
ӶǵʱǧԼ˴Ļ棬Լ
ô벻ףǧ˼ɫһܲңԭô˼ɵĲڷǧķͷ޼ɵģ
ģǸ˶ֵס
ʹͷԼ˿ڴڴڵĴ˼£ʹʹͷŶ㿴Ͳˣûµģûˡ
ǧ㿴Ż޴۵Ǳһ˿΢ɲЦ⣺ڸʲô
㲻ͲʹҲͲˣһ㶼ˡסԼ󱻷ǧǵĵطոбʹҪǿҡ
Ϊֵ̫ˣ÷ǧ̹Ȼ˺ܶࡣ
ǣ۵˿ڡɹ񣬵õͼ
ǡ˿ڡǺ״ɵôأ
ǧ뿴ͼ
Ҫ֪ʱԼʲôı飬źָȥģ


20 
ϵͳͼ¼ҳУͼǧ㿪˵ڶͼ˱¼˲䡣
ȻԼģǧĵһĿȴͶ
ȥ˴֮ʱ¶ɫ޴룬Լܳ
ȫûκεϡ
ǧ㲢ϰͬǣɵõԷʵķ
ǧĹУԷȻҪĳĿģΪϵͳô
ڿ¼ɫ֮ʱȴ˱Ŀġ
ǧĿԼ
˵һƬͼ˵ǽ¼ʮ
ǧԼıչ¶š
÷ǧƣˣȥߣͷеĶνҽҩ
ȡʪָֽϲҩ࣬ԼָвһЩѪ
۲ۣҪҪұ㵽ȥӴվ һ´̣ЩҪװ𣿻ҽйܼҹȽϼ򵥵㣿
ջûȫȥǳɫѾŬĻָˡ
ңʲô£ǧգ۾գ۵ҪԼ
ͻȻס
ԣҲˡԺжȻֳʱԼʹȥ龰Щ͵ɴһһϣֱ˵˵Բ𣡡
ģ̌Բʲô
֮ǰͻȻҲ֪ڸҴԴΪҲǹģҲ֪ôȥˡͰ͵Ľ͡
ǧһ㼫Ư˫Ӱһһ
Ҫ£ѾȴԺ
ǿǰǧȴͻȻŹ
Ϊʲô֪㲻𣿡
Ҳ֪ǡ鲻ԽҡҪͣȴԼ
ǧָεķ֣һһµģûϡ
ǧ΢΢۾ʵǰ£ǺҪǸ𣿡
֪ǡоԼڱνСѧȫ벻
ǧ׷ʣѵΪǵİǼٵ𣿡
Ȼǣ̷
ʲô
ţֻ÷ǧ˵ÿһ仰ûƽĹˣÿһ̬ƺڸԼںһǡ
ҾǾãӦõǸЩ䣬ȴ֪Լڵʲô
ǰǧƵߣվϸ˫ȳҰоǧͣͷ࣬ǹһĶ
˵˵ǧ˫ƣļϣʲô
գգ۾ܵĽӴŵӷǧϴˮҩζе㣬ĳֻ-ҩһ˳ӡ
ǾãҪףҪںʵʱɣʱʱʣоռˣҡԽԽС㵱ʱҲûΪ˶Ц
Цǧ΢΢ĳĴʻ㡣
ϲ˻ܸ˰ɣǾӦûЦɣ㲻ЦҲиӦɣ㿴ȥ񡭡һ㶼ںӡ
ǵõʱԼ鲻Խ˷ǧ֮󣬷ǧ㲢ûκЦ⡣
˫дڸе۾УĿȫ̽Ҫ͸ȥ̽Ѱôɡ
ֻ鲻ԽΪ޷ǧһɣһµĸо
ǧͷԱίû̿ڡ
ǣһΪûжΪϵ塣
ϸ¡ֻǲ̫ܹ仯ȴ⡣
֮ǰǧҲ뷨
ڿͼ֮󣬷ǧˡ
ͼеԼ˴桢ϡлûĿģû棬һμ˵Ĳκ˼
鲻Խ
֪ˡǧ˵
㯣֪ʲôˣҪĵǸ
ǧΣ̾˿
ȥϣҸǱӣҪյҪǸĹܼ𣿡˷ӦҲҪӱεա
ǧժ˳ĺɫСƤɫ鷢ȫɢ£΢΢ס˫ۣűСԵøΪ
Ӳ˸顣
ϵͳ󶨣΢ͷҲûʲô
ûжӦΪȡǧƺΪɢ̫࣬ҲδųĽӽҪǸ
оǳβСץһЩģֱϿ˵ϲڻ
ץץͷ˼Цǣ̫
ǧĿ͸ڵͫ׽Ц©һ˿һ
ǧ㲻Ըϣȴòϡ
һ̣ΪķӦתˡ
ǧԵΣϲɺأ㣨+3ǧٽ


21 
ǧصƵ滺һë΢΢ձ˫΢һ񾭡
ܣ״̬ΣһһƵϵСǧģʵ
ǧ˫ۣŤͷ⡣
ʱ鷿ţСǰȥţŮܼҶ̣İˮԼһԻ̵ĸʽһ̲µҩ
óҩˣǧֽһҩ˳һߣҩ̷֮󳤳̾һ
ܣֹʹҩҪԵġСϤǧԵÿһҩʲô˵ļԪ˵һȫֵġ
ܿĳǧҩֹʹҩҩƬ
áǧ˵
ǧĲʹʱ޿̲ĥδܹʹƵĸоֹʹҩٵ࣬СҩЧҩЧصʱѡҩ
һߵҩ䣬ЯŸʽȥǸˡ
ڣ̫һˡ
ǧתο˴գɫտͥл԰ʱҲȥ۲ЩԼ޷ȥĹ۲Ķ
ΪϵͳԵʣԵ֮һԣֻҪͻԶЧЧԽļչʹĥֻҪڣһֱһΪȶ״̬
ҲʹС
ǲʹڵʹȲʹ֮ʹУԷǧټˬ
ǧʱ򣬿Ĵͷһ仨
ֻһ䣬ϸĻƿ֮Уҵ׺ΨһһĨɫ
ǧ㲻ϲлΪ뵽ԼӲдʹ;Ǳ۵ġ
һȴ̹ȻĽˣϵͳȷˣŵġ
ǧҲˣ̬ڷ仯
״ܲ𣿡С̽Եʵһλ֮ǧȻ᳤ʱϢɫȥȻá
ǧָεĲݴذ壬عͷأ
һԵŮܼ˵СΪֹûгţ²Ӧû˯
Сüͷһ壺˻û𣿡
Ѿ糿ˣ緹ѾˣС緹֮ġ
ǵġŮܼӦ
ˣֻҪ˯öû⡣Сŷǧ㣬رʱĶ򣬼һ䣬ʱı˵Щ˲ûϵΪֹһֱûиЩκεĻӦ
ǧǵڲʱֻյϢ͵绰绰ǵԼֹͣϢȴظ
ֻ¾һϷ
ǧ۾᲻ϵʵһϷ֮𣿡
һϷǵϷкѹܵǲص칦ܡСЩΪʲôͻȻᵽȻ˵һĿϷȥ鿴һ£
ˡǧҡҡͷ˳ֱĺɫӼͷ䣬ǧ½Ƴÿ
֮󣬾ҪʲôҲġ
ϵͳ⵽ǧԵϲǧɹĽ˼ԵΪճ谮ϧҪõһУ
ǧ㣺
˼
ԵƬ̶룬֮󿴵ڰ˯Ҹ񷢲ǧǰȥң׽Ե˲䣬㣨ʧ㣨ԵǰҸռɣ
ǧ㣺
ʲô˻๤֮󿴵˻ǵİ˯ҸԹ
ǧü䣬Ȼܸлϵͳĵȴû취ϵͳ߼
ǧ㿴ŮܼңıԿøҡ
Сüһ򶨵ɫܣҪȥ
áǧҲ֪ô˽ͣ̾˿żΣȥɡ
С˳ǣǧ㿴ˣȨû
ǧԿ׶ķſ֮ʱƬ̡
ԺиֳԼгֵһ޵Ļɫ֮˼֡
̧֣ɫԿͽϵס
ꡪ


22 
һΡ
һֱҪΪ̫趨ϷƬһ꣬ͶҲҵһرóḻֱ˵͹ݣҪЦĺϲ£죬ֱʱת
ЦЦԼЦˣ㯵ſڴ-ϣҫγ͸
գգ۾

ڴ-Ͽ⣬ҶһƬžĿȫһ
ļС¥խ͸⣬ûô͸ľ޴󴰻ΪϾûз忴Щ
ǣҲҡ
ؼˡʹ˵仰ΪֱЩ˫ۡ
Ҫҽȥ𣿡䲻ģͻȻһ˵һȻعͷ
𾪣ĿɿڴĿͻȻֵķǧ㣺ʲôʱģ
˯֮ǰǧ뿿ϣֳͷȥƺЩƣ֪˵ġ
Ϊʲô⣬ǡͻȻ뵽ǰ°һҲӦǺ𣬶ʱЩΣǣҲ˼
ǧӦһ
ͻȻû쬵ģͷԼ״̬ͫ׵
ʲôûǲӦðѱϱȽϺãǰ°ǰû
ǧҽԺʱÿһα-嶼ǳ̹ȻԷô̹ȻڵǺܲ£
־ֺߵɫǧ㿴˸͸ѵõĸ̨ף·ɡ
úúáǱ־ȥͷ·
һ𣿡ǧһοڡ
ʲôһ㶡
ġǧ΢΢̧ͷʾ·Ѿˡ
һ·ֱҪģˡ
죬һ˻Ŷþ˵ķܣǰء
ڵ´ȥ¹ͼҸɾ·ͻȻʲôı˲ӲԺȫ޷˼
Ƿǧ㣿
һĵ񣬼ڷǧҲôΪ
ڽ֮󣬿ľһƬҵĴ̣ûд˯£¾ֻһСn㣬ñŶƤؿڡ
ǳɫĴ죬ȴɫҪӸɾҫۣű˫չ¶ʮֺÿߡ
ʱ򣬷ǧ޷ƵĺƵʱ仯
˯ϻϲõЦݣһΡ
Ӵ벿ֶһűڻǧǵһֺûаȫеơ
Ҫֻǿ˵ǰȥҲܹͬ񣬿ɲ֪ΪΣǧûô
ǧϣϣϸȥ۲˯еˡ
ɣ˿԰ĵĵط˯ҽԺ֮û˯һκþ
ЦˣЦͦ˫--ű-죬ϲõķһ£ķΧ֮ڡ
⽫ѩ׽ķɫɹ͸·ŵĺɫΡ
һĻǧȴûԼеĳͲͣ·΢Ȼһ̵İ
ˣƺǱԼ߽ѵģ˿ȥôѣ֪ڿЩʲô
ǧ㿴ţͬڹ۲һֻɰĳ
Ҵææȥ·֮ʱԼƯļչ¶ǰھõĹ֮£ϸ壬ϸ¡
ĺ󱳣Ư
Ű¶󱳣Ϊİ³ϯֳϣҲľɫĹ
ڡ
Ϊʲôأ
ǧԳԵĶʱ㣨+1+1+1


23 
˫ֻؿڣҲҶܹܵǧ㱾ͱͨ˵¶Ҫ͵ıָһһĴı󻮹
ЩҳӶΪʲôôҸôòڰʾ֮뷨
ͷŬĸԼЩ裬Ͱ͵ȴڿռеļž
Ǹ⡭ǧ㣬ڲʺ£ȵȵԺ΢ָһ֮١̸òãӲͷƤ˵仰Ҳһͷˣǵͨ졣
ǧûлش𣬶СnıԵֻ඼Ѿᵽɤˡ
ǧȴſ֡
¿ϣ˫۲ȥƺƣˡ
͵͵ͷһۣĽǶȿǧɫʱпһ
ǣǸҲھܾ㡣ǰҪȥοֽǧסӲͷƤ˵岻ã̫ҵ飬ֻǿԵģңҿԵġ
ԼҲ֪ԼΪʲôһ˵Ļ˵굱¾ͺˣ϶ԭǸ˲˵Ļ
ģ̌˫ۣǰģ
·ɣڲ㡣ǧ˵ų֣ת뿪
ΪʲôҪ
յץץͷΪʲô˲˰
ʱͷķǧɫ˫ָۣ⣬ҧݱӲ԰ף϶ʧ֮ıְ
θУµر𲻵λܲ
ú塣
ô壿
ڴϣ°ͣϸ˼
ǧ뿪ķ֮ʱһ
ţ͸оƺˣߣйΧ޷˼
ǧͷһ޷Ʋָ⣬ϸµĴлţƺڴŴ̼޷ƽѾ侲ȶ
˼ΣǧͼԼص״̬ԺȴĲȥ뿴һĻĻ
˵
˵ȥҪ̧ͷ
չˣԼ
ǧֵʱϵͳֹͣӵʱϵͳλεģԸֱӵ˼ά뷨ȫϵͳ¶ţһ뵽ԼܻʲôǧͲɵɫ԰ס
һвɿء
ǧϰȥƿһУ˾ȨΪֻҪ㹻ĲͿԿƲħƲ˲ħ
ߵͬ޷ֿħϮ֮ʱͬС
ǧͷһʱ䣬һĨ졣
ķȻһСʱ֮á
һֱȫûиоʱš
ǧҡҡͷ뽫һ޷ƿصֵĸоԺ˦ȥ
ǧڲڱĿ˿ŵǧûۡ
Ǹܣҡһ½ǣҰҰ죬ǸȻ
һ˯ʲô֣ǧ岻ã㵽ֹС
׼ˡ
ԣ
ȻͰ˵ڡ
ոհ˸´ϸŻȥǧܻأ
ǧۣʲôգȻ΢㶡
һֱϲʽȹӣȹӸֳԼһֱܰȻ
ǽ
ҳ·ǧ΢΢Ŀ뵽ʲôõģ
һ򵥵İɫп㣬¶ɫ𪼡µСȣȥûоβˬѧ
¹ҵġ·̽ԵʵÿҪȥ𣿡
Դլڼ֮ϽͣΪþ·ʡˣ¹һѾƯȹӣеע¹Ľŵļ׼򵥵ϡ
ѵ˵ʵǧϲȹӵ
ʧˡ
ôȹӦ뵽һģ
áǧƿ񣬷Լ˳۵뷨
һԵĳʦ͡
һ˯ʮСʱڶòУӵĺ˴ֱӱʳŶ
߲ˣ
߲ˣС
߲ˣ֣
ɫϲõ㯵ľֱӵ˵͹ȡ
ΪʲôҪһ߲ˣ
𣿷ǧǲΪոձܾˣɫ¶š
ƽʱϲЩǧ㿿ϣİۡ
˵ǰ߲ˣ˵ֻ߲ˣΪ˱֤ġ
ϲϲġһɫ߲ˣǸϲⰡѾǮΪʲôܳأֲҽԺ
ģ÷ǧĪЦѵǰҲôһԸȴΪӲԵģ
ǧһ뵽ȴܵüڿźȤ飬һ뵽ǰͻС
һ߲˷˿С
ͻȻ۾һ
ܡܺóԣ߲ˣⲻѧ˼ڡ
ǧЦˣͷ߲
ó𣿡ǧ㲻ʵ
߲˿ڸоǲһҽԺԵ߲˶˺ܾá˵
Ϊʲô˵ֻҪڣֱſ͹ԡ
ôʹ࣬ô˼ҧһҸۣζոպã
ǧ㰲Ŀš
ҽԺ֮ʱʲôԣʱѡ
֪ҪʲôעҺ¼ļǡ
ԲµĶԲһͣ˼ڵĶµĻ
ǧΪԼѾʮ͸ȴӲע
󲻵ϸ
ϸǧüͷ΢塣

ǧո̧ۣȴͻȻס°ͣᣬͻȻʲô
ǧ辪ֱӶ˽ߵݣ۾ó𣿡
ǧʶľ׽£ζڿӣǰ
ʦõʳĶõģȻζҲܺá
ó𣿡Цóԣԡ
ǧ㽫ʳ¶ǣ˵ԡ
𣿡ϲĽһСȫƸ˷ǧ㣬㣡
ǧ㿴ȫԼǰİգ۾
Եǧ㰮İһǧԵһɣ񷢲Եһ۳ɹ㣨ʧ㣨


24 
۳
ǧ¶һݣȷܲá
ѾԹˣθͺܴ
ǧģϵͳᷢк񡣡
ǧ۾ϵͳ΢ƿܲ졣
ǧ˿ѯϵͳܴʲô޶ȣ
ֱѹǧ̽̽ѧϰǧ㲻ͼ߽ݾ
ǧЩͷ۵Լü䡣
ķ࣬ʦΪʳﲻÿһ߲˶ֻкСһݣʤͶࡣ
Сİڴܹ֮ķ붼ǰȴ࣬ڣҪ֮ĸ֣ס
ǰվͷҪصԼλϣǧ΢΢˸ͻȻס
Ȼһ飬Ĵв󣬶Էǧעͻûɢȥ֮ǰ󱳵⣬֪ǧ
ͣ뿪ƣԼ΢һܰķǧק
ǧ嶼Ϊץסֶǰ㣬ǰҡ˿ڵĹƯϴʱȴпԵأпһ
ӷǧѣǧʶҪץסȴû뵽Ͳ뿪ץס
໥ҪӴԷ뷨غϣ˵໥ʮָۡ
ǧע⵽ʶйǣĪͻȻӿ
ֲָֺͬݣ໥֮ʱůһͬݶ÷ǧжݵʧ
Ȼȴǽһ½ǧƵ֮ϣһֻǿסεķ֣ǽǧ֮С
ǲﲻ̧ͷҿɫٺܿ죬ĳĽ
ǧ㷢ԼĻ˳ӣ̧ͷɫĳ΢΢¶˲԰ȴŲʹݡ
ַĿռ䡣
ֻҪ̧ͷĿ⣬úŭͻɢ
ǧë΢΢̾˿˵еˡ
ֻϢȴܵ˽յִ谭
ʲô˼ȥ
ǧĿתðűһ䣺ҡ롭԰
㯵գգ۾ĴΪʲô÷ǧÿһַ·Ǵмģ
԰˿һСЩǲǲ̫ʦ
ʱʦӳתͷǧ㼸ڻҪ¶ȱȴĸ˻ȥͷҶ࿴һۡ
ǧ˳ǣٶˣû£㡭ȥ
û˵꣬ϵͳ³֡
óʦ֤һõܰɣӳɣ+2
ǧֱҧгݣվߣ
ʦоһ䣬һҪĸо֡
Щ͹ˡǧѾԼϢˣǿ˵ԡ
Ŷԡ
Ȼɿ֣ע⵽Լͷǧ㽻յʲôԡ
ǧɿʱʶĶеů˲ʧģ·һ˵Ļʲô
Ȼǧɫһ䣬ʧʲô
ĿȻɨһԵĳʦǧʦ˰ɣ
ʦһͷ亹ʼյͷƬ̶̧
𣿲ȻһȥɣŷǧԽڵɫҴ˵ڷǧı顮Ǵһܵιȥ
ԡǧɴ˫۲뿴ҵ
⡣
Ի
ΪʲôǳԾúóԵĶһӢ¾ơ
ǣ£վţȷǧԡ
ǧָһΣڰĿռʮࡣ
һԵĳʦ۹۱Ǳǹĳ׽Լһװεܡ
Ϊʲô԰ץץͷܾ÷ǧǲڰʾʲô
ոշǧ˵ʲôţۣ԰
ۡ
۵붯һָͷ
ǡ̽Եʵ磬ι𣿡
ǧ΢΢˫ۣͬ顣
ιԵĻֱ˵ͺ˰̴Ļش𣬷ǧüͷһ塣
һԵĳʦ޲øɴ굽ȥΪʲôҪվΪʲô
֮ǰСһСͬڲչ˲жķǧһȻǧû졣
Ķ̫Ȼˣͺϰչһ⶯ϸ£ȴȫۡ
ȥҲɡ
ӣȲӦŴЦЩסΪʲôأֻ˰ɣ˵ǧûͬιԼöԷͬˡ
ô졭
ֲ˰ɣ
ʦͷ𾪵ͫס
ӣӡ
ֻһӣڸʹԹ
ĺʧ 
ǧǾᣬĺʧ


25 
ֲµĳ棬һֱԱߵü˳۵ĳʦ˿ڣС㣬ǲʹñʹùĲ;ߵġ
-ȻӲƣԼ֣һƯµɫףʢһ򵥵İ
Ͼֻһӡ
ҪιѾǵڶΣǵһˡ
ڸոգƯɫӰһ͵˷ǧĿУ˵˺ó԰
ĿֱֱͶʦϣʦܹٳһ£һص̨ס
ʦԣȴĿⶢͷƤ飬Ŀ⣬ܿϧûκĵӦֻܼüŪͼĿ
ǧѾסԼĶͷҪǰôĿŵĴϢˣ໥ʲô壬ȴȫ֪ġ
ʦôһ˵ԼԴѾʵˣضûˡ
ǧԱ˵Ҳ⡣
ʲôͼͳʦߣ˷ǧһ㶣ûӦֻʶתͷ
ǧ΢ɲ̾˿ϸ޳ָָ̧ڵհµͷһߣӲڿеſ졣
ӲƬ̲Ҷŷǧ㽫һСУĿڳŰȴһֱǿ¶һ߲ʱһֱڸǵķʱ¶ĿΡ
ڷǧҧ֮һմȾİĩɫɫ໥ӳģʧ
ǧں˻صο֮ʱ΢΢ͷ¶һǳЦݣ΢΢ԹǣŲζһϸ΢ľٶ޷Ƶ˼ĳЩĺ塣
࿪ʼԾļЦķǧȫ޷ֿޣӶǡ֡
ҵİ£ʳֺαҡǧ߲ߣڼžĿռڸ
ǧַ䣬˲ͬõľ½˲˿Ļ
Լ޵һһ£ڷһοʼգſʴӡ
ͻȻǧգһ۾ͬߺ˲֣ѡ
Ŀǧһſ˴꣬¶ݺ촽۵׺ЩЦ⡣
æҵȥһȻһȴû취֮ǰǰƽ͵Ķˣָڲ糺죬ȫ֪Լûкúι
ǧգ۾-ҲűģĪͷ˼øС
ʲôĺܺãǽձҲ֮£ֻκˡ
ûûҪûֵá
ΪֵõģǿΪӪķΧæһҲѵģʵǿɰ
ʲôֵòֵõ뷨ڴʱɢ
ʦͷʮֺΪʲôոԼҪû¶Ǹ졣
ǧ㵱Թӳ˶ĽǶȵΪǧ㴹ͷǧı飬϶ʲôȻ쵽һ۾ܿߵĵز
Ȼʦʼ벻⣺ΪʲôҪ￴ţΪʲô·ĵߣ
Լ
Ϊʲôһֱܴȴͷǧ·һҹ֮͹ϵͻͽˣ
ʦ⡣
ʦ벻ͨ
ʦ
ʦǧ˳ʦʺţʱǧͷ˵ȥʳɡ
˭أʦȴ˺˼룬ʮ־ְʵ
ǧ㽫Ŀʾ⡣
£ʳ˼Գˣ
˲۾Ӳˣ˵ˡ
ǸҪաͻȻ£ץץͷһ۷ǧ㣬Źʳ𣿡
еģС㣬Եȡʦ⣬Ťͷ½˳С鲽ķɿ죬޲֮󼪡
ϲǧɹ۳㣨+5ӳ㣨+2
Ǵϵͳǧȴɺˡ
һ⡣
˲侫
ﻹиոԳģ
÷ǧ̵ĻԼĿǲǻ⡣
ڴ˴龰ΧãǧԵ龰ͳƶֵԵЧůθǧԵιʳθһθʱСʱ
ǧ۾΢΢Ŵ侪ȡ
ǧ޴ܻѾҽѧ漣
Ĳʹʤһµҩһٷ
ϵͳӵϵͳ̳ǣֻҪ㹻ĵȫ֢
Ҫ߰ÿһ㣬ϣ
ڣȻЧ
ǧս
Ŀ棬
ɫһͻȻ
ʶıһ˫ۣΪʲôͻȻ֣ƣʧȥɵָо
òҪð˰ɣ


26 
ǧС˵״̬
ΪʹĵҲϰˣ͵ĳ̶ԽԽߡ
ôܻ᲻ϣܵõһûвʹء
ȻôյõĶǶ񻯣ļҪһĳּҩͻһּˣһĴ©ˮ򣬲һߣһߵƶͻֻѡļ
תΡ
ڣͷ·ޱ޼ʵĺҹ֮ͻȻϣ͹
ǧĺܸߣԼǰ¶֮ɫʹ£Ҳ治ɫ
Ȼ޷õǾ¡
˶ڱЦһȴû˸ҵ棬˵仰
ϵͳһ
ˣǰһζ߲˲Ȼζڲϣ⡣
Ǵʱձ
ΪʲôǧҪʲô
ѵ˵ʵǧͲԸͱ˹һӳԷֺˣ
ŷǧĿʼղ̧ͷǧĿ⼸װմ
ĺֱð亹һҧ糬¶˵ĵĺã̧ͷǸ
ʱʦոպôӳȻֹ
ʦǲֳ˲ʺϵʱ
ʦӲͷƤŹǰΪʱȽ϶̣ζȽϸСԵĶǰԤһСõζ
ллʶ˵ôķ̻ͦ˼
ʦ˵껰̧֮ۿһ۷ǧ㣬˼˵ĻǲǷϷǧ뷨ȴַǧû۾ֱĶŵƺƬ̶뿪
Ǻ
Ŀת
ʦޱĨͣΪ
ӲͷƤ߹ޣŹ˲ɢζʶ˿ڿˮ
ȻͷĿˡ
亹ֱ̽Ե̧ۿһ¡
ǧʱϣѾƣˣôߣ۾ʮĹâ
⵽ʲô˼
׽һ£ʢһƯŹǣ⾧Ө͸⼡
Ŀˣðһͷ亹
ǿ·˻ȥоǿѹƺЩջء
òǧʮ԰ɣ
ܣǲҲԣӲͷƤ˵
͵۲ǧı飬ַǧıȻˡ
Щѡ
ǧʳʱ൱ĹɣٳԶͣҶԺܶʳ͵ζƷ൱Ҫʵζʵǲ˵óԡ
ʳϼϿʺϲʳãҷ࣬ŷĸǧԵġ
ܣû취ôණոյİѾ㹻ˡ˵˵ЩεץץͷҲ˵ô˵ģĲٳˣӦѾԹ緹˰ɣٳԻܵġ
ǧ㵱Ȼ֪ƽʱԼٳǲˡ
ܼἲǼ¡
ֻһ㣬΢ɲ飬Ҳڱá
ᡣǧ㻺˵֣΢ո˵Ӧ˰ɣûȻٶ˵һ䣿
ıν΢ˡ
ԵĲ
ǲȻܣ￴˰ɣ룬ͲˣرԣʱһҲСΪ̰㻵˰ǧĿʱҪȪ
ʱСʱȵ͹ˡ
ûϵǧӲͷƤ˵
̰찡ܵԼָսӣɲ˳Ű
ǧֻ̫Ѩۣ̰죬ôԵھȻ̰졣
ǧ˿鼫ƽң룬ԡ
Ҳܾᣬǧ˵ԣȴûһģ˭Ƶġ
ѵԵĲȴΪҳԵ˵ʹ
̫ˡ
̾˿
Գԡһ˳ó߲˻ûߵĲСĵ˺Сһ⣬С΢Щ֭
һС⼫С̰ɫ֭һ𣬿źܲۡ
Сӿ˷ǧ㣬͵ߡ
ԳԣֻԳһ㣬θãٳˣ͵Լ˺òãںһԵĺӣżκͷΣ͸Щ
ǧ㴹˫ſ졣
Źζڿӣ˿ܿͱҧɢȲȥɵʾ
ԺθˣͿԶԵˣһ㣬ˣʲôͳʲôҲûϵ˻ַǧüΪͲ٣ЩЦպһʱ
ǧգۣЦͫеӰ
ǧͷ
һģҪְ
漣ᷢģҪ漣
ֻҪƣܿϣġ
һжõġ
Ļǧ̫̫ࡣ
ĵģΥĵġ
˶ƮƮ˵仰ֻ֪Լҩҽһв֮ڡ
ǧ˵˵ȴ
ֻʵ
ͷ̧ͷˡ
һΣɲܵűˡ
뱣סǧɲΪιˡ
̫ˡ
ޱİӷŽ˿С


27 
ǧƣѾķˣĺԵñƽʱ٣ƺƽʱҪúܶࡣ
ü֮䶼ƽʱҪ滺˿žͻзĵ̬
ĬĬ˼ǽ𴲵ʱ򣬾ܾĻǲҲˣ
û뵽ֻҪԵԵĶͻôõʲô˵ļܡ
ǧ㵽׻һͨ˰
˿лʳ֮һ١
ǧͻ˷䣬ʶҪǧ㣬ɷǧȴԼվ
Բ۾ֱĿվķǧ㡣
ǧǴȥϢѣǻվֱ壬ֱͦɫȻƽʱżڵĳ˳ӵÿλ¶ž޵ڵİ
ϲķǧ㣬ҫۣĿżµ
ɷǧļʵ̫أࡢ衢׵ȫ¶׵Ĳ֢Ҫʱֱͦ·쿪
̲ס²⣬壬ĻǷ𣿻˵ҲҪķ
ҪˣĿַ֮ǧĺɫƺҪѹ֣ܵס˷ǧͷ
ǧĽë΢΢ûֹͣ˳ԭȵ
ɨ˷ǧĺ󾱣ÿ˰µͷǧܸܵԷһֻķֱȷú֮ջ֡
ǧ۽ǵܿͷķźá
ȥ˽еӡֻǶ̰ΪĵŮϣֻµ֪ûᣬֻһֱԼûõˡ
Ϊʲô̬˴ת䣬ǧֻܽһпƵϵͳϣϵͳʲô
ôڴ֮ǰᣬ˭
ǧԾ͸һĨȻ˫ۣһԵûпߡ
˵ؼҡǧ㻺Ŀڡ
ɫһôȥǧ㰲Ϣû뵽סˡ
ʵҲûкؼҰɡǵʱԼ˵Ļ˵ļҲ˵ԭļңοԭļĶ֪
ȥȥǧ˵Ѿܾöû뿪ˣʶһദ˳ʱ䡣
Ĳȥ֪ԭʲôļͥûд
ǧûٻػƺǲǿˡ
˿
ԭ鲢ûᣬֻ֪ܵHEҲԭúͷǧõĹ£ŰŰĵĻǣͥԭʸߵԭŮΨһĽԼķɡ
ǽǹ¶Ժġ
ԭԭŮǷĽá
ʱżܽӵԭŮʺϢһûأԷҲ֪Ȥڶûиκε绰
ֻע⵽Լ˻ĳͻȻһʲСĿۿһе˵ÿ¸ԭŮѡ
һǧѡ
ԱĴ˵ţһëɶ˵ֱһֵѡ
಻ѣȻҪʵѵģһǧѣÿԭŮʱ򻹻áءѡԼԷҲҪСèԷݡ
ǧԪһֻѣûԼ졣
ǣϢˡ̽Եһ䣬ûеõǧĻشĬϾǿ϶ԥתͷ
ǧ˯ˣɵʱˣ
ȵȡǧһνס
һνеģҧгݡ
ͷƤһ顣
ðɡ
ôˣ
عͷһʹߣǧһ쵽Ϻ£ƢŹ֣ҪܲˣոܲΪʲôˣ
Ҫ侲
˴ʱǧѾ˫ۣƯ۾ŷԲ۾ͻȻԤдͷ
ǧûжѪɫĴṴ¶ĳЦǡ



28 
죬ﶼȥǧ֮ϵĳѸٵϸڵסԼܵͣȻȴ˿
Ϊʲôʶķʡ
ǧסüͷǿԼɣȥ
Ҳûȥ
ҪҪȥ޹ذɣΪʲôҲȥص㣿
Ҳû뵽Լһլڼ㲻˾Ȼһ컹۳ȥһ˾˶˱˹ʲôζˣʶľܾ˱
ǧĬˣ΢΢Ʋȥ鲻á
ĵ׿һ̾
ǲŰˣ첻ܣˣûҪһز֮˽Ͼ
֪ˣҽ첻ȥġ̬̾ˣǰοֽǧıúϢɣЩˡ
ǧ˿֣¶˫۾͸ƣƽ̧ͣһ۾ʹԭƽͶ͸¶֮ɫ
һĪ
ؼң㡣ǧ˵
һ㶣֪ǧˣûкؼҡ
ͻȻע⵽ǧҰ׵ɫʦ˵ǧ㿪һܷԵĻ飬ӻ鵽ѾܳʱûϢˡ
һת
ллôҲң˵ɡϣѾƣķǧʼϾᣬŰζĴ˼·ǧı죬˯ɡ
һû뿪˷ǧߣûзʲôڷǧ㴲ߵΨһһѰϣĵȴŷǧ㰲˯
ǧһװϢģźʱЯļǵǱķӦűֳ˻ţһ˯ˡ
ĬĬĹ۲ߵ˯ˣ½ͷ΢Ūҡ
ŪҶ΢΢ķ˿òҰ׵϶˼ͣȾЩգգ۾ͻȻԼΪɡ
ҪָЩķ˿˳ʶĿ˵
뿪ˣ뿪ʱܵĹصĺᣬȻѩ׵Ĵϱ˯ķǧȴ۾
ϵͳڷǧԺС
һõİ˽ԷļͥǧԵ˽жأб۸кҪǷ˰ĽأΪµ˽Ե񷢲Եһؼҿɣɣ㣨+20ʧܣ㡣
㣿ǧɫѵõĲã״˵㼸
Ҳ˵ϵͳ˼ҪķΧڡ
ΪʲôһؼһҪ
ǧһ֪ٱ֪Ҫöࡣ
ǹ¶ڸԺ󣬲Һͬڹ¶Ժڶ֮Ϊü䰮硣
֮⣬ûʲô˿ԡ
ãӵŽȴһ͵һȫϵŮɼһһ㣬̫˵ûκιעıҪ
񣬵Ҫ
ϵͳʾ۸ҪˡĽ
ԴΪİºرԸ۸ͱһһȥ
Ҫ޷ǾãôĽˣ
˼άһ˲䣬Ȼȴ˼άһ˷Ӧ
ͻȻܲˡ
עߺ޼ֵ֮ˣѵͬϵͳʾ˵аĽ
һ뵽ǧͬ˻һһһļĲշڳΪ˺˰ŭ⣬ŭͻ޴ӿǧ̲סЦ
ȻԻĿ⣬ǧ˲ͷӦйڵסЩƲסı顣
˰Ľ
ϵͳѣûлѾǰ£ô֪˶İ֮ģ
ֱս
ϵͳᷢҪϸǧˡ
ǧһ³
ûʱޡ
ҪϢþ
Լľ״̬Ȼʱôĺá
ǧȫͶԵϣԵǿֺ֧Ԯǧ㣬ͬԵ뾡İ°ɣ֮Դ
ǧеϵͳ˵ɿĵĻֻЦ
ȻͻȻ޶뵽뿪֮ǰ͵͵С˵Ļ
ʱϵͳҲʾ
Ե۵ǧ㣬ϵԸף㣨+5
ʵκף
ҽ޷ġ
û˻ʵΪԼõˣ֪ĺôᰮĽȻ
ǧܹԼ顣
ϲǧɹᵽռԵĸһϲɺأ㣨+5
ǧ㣺
ûжռ
ֻû뵽ȻûƿصĶˡ


29 
ˣˡ
˵ĽԼͱһԵıȥ
ˣˡ
˿ûҪͣЪ˼ʱŭͷͻȻҽҵˣҪҵź𣿣
լҶ꣬¹֮Ҳûٽѣ˶ϾΨһŵĳҵҵȷû֮ͻ뿪˰Ϊʲôλôʱ䣿
͸ľ޴Ĵʱ˹㱼䷢һ
Ŷⲻˡ
亹乣ոձԹĻӦûŵɣ
·ȥš
վſڵһ˿Ůܼڿ߰ͷͺ̬վˣ΢΢üſԣֹ
Ůֻܼ˵С㣬ʱ䲻ˣ뾡ϴѾ׼ˡ
׼׼ʲôһʱ֮ûӦ
Ȼ׼ļңѾͷԼõġ ˵׼
ſڣõڣһɢҵͷ
ؼҰԭļҰ
̾˿ǻģŮôüаϾŮĹϵǺܵĽá
ϴʱԺŬĻеݣԭŮܣԭܳãҪʲôʲôŮȴһֱһֱ㣬³Ϊ谭һֱŬ
ԭȻǷɣǱȻгΪɵɣԭһŮǷǧãԭΪˣǺĽǧ㣬˷ҵĲƲƱҪûһС
ŮΪԭãȻĳΪ˶Էƻһ֣һιѪŰôʼˡ
˵Ȿ飬Ǳ˼һֱܺ߱µŮܱ΢ʲô̶ȣߵÿһ¶ԺصŮŰ׷²
ǸһֱŰһֱϸűŰһֱΪ氮޵һܻöԷ氮ŮǸʲôӣ
ϸȻͦġ
緹ʱûǧ㣬ʹ֪֮ǧڴҪļ
òǧ㣬żҪ幤Ҳѹܴ֮ĻҵԭôֻǮ׬Ǯ⳥һѻƽ¡
ǰ˳ķǧһŬڸԭ¡
ôôôأ
ǧʱϡ
Ȼȴݺݵľ
ǧĵһۣڼδ֮㴲УʼֻŲŷԺһ죬˿˯£ǵɫ˯ֻǧĸϸ
졭
ǧ㴩һȹӡ
ȹӼʸУĶƵȹ¶ɵȹӳȴ̫׸ǧ㾫°Ľ¶ͬʱڸ˷ǧΪڵò㹻˶˫ȡ
µİɫƽЬ˫же˫ŰĸΪ£Ȼָ׿ȥЩ԰ףȴû̫
ϸ֫ӯӯһգ΢ƵƺеıͰȻ֮Ϊÿ
û̫װƷֻϸһܾµ˳ɢ£ûž޵ʵεĸΪҲͬڵݺͼѶµĳмǾƯ֮ϡ
֪ǧǺÿģǺÿǼΪÿǹҲܽ˵
ķǧ㣬Ǿ˾װĸо
ƽʱиɾ񻹻ױ
ںÿˣÿʶסܾǰһĻֻǻݼš
ʱǧҲ΢΢̧Ľë˫עĿƯ۾ӰӰӣƺǲʲô۵޵ĸֳһĨЦ⡣
ʹģӽܾͣӦ˵ʲôʲô߶ò̫ǡ
Թ˯þ
쿴ɫܺã
رĺÿ
ĻĵƣȴǰɫԵ߻أ޴ӿڡ
Ҳ֪һֱ˼ҿ϶ãܵ˵ʲô
ǧһԲƺڵȴһ
ļնֻһ仰㡭㡭㡭𣿡


30 
㡭㡭㡭𣿡Ͱ˰˵ôһ仰
ǧټ΢Ц˶ԵúܽӲһֱȴŵ˾̲סһһԵŮܼһֱı鶼ʼס
ǧʮǿļ漸֣ȡ
ֵʢģȣͬ˿棬ԼΪ̫ȴĶ̿㣬ô˵٣
ģ֪̌ʲôطڳĶ̿㣬¶ĳȣ֣ȴҲݣ¶ĳƯ𪡣
ɷǧȴĪüͷ΢塣
С̺ܼᶨ˵ü·һҪ·
ΪʲôǧѵõĶԱΥԼΪѯʵġ
岻áԴǵ˵˻ѣô죿
䣿ǧβĿһ𽥿ʼȵ̫
ȻǧͻȻסˣһ֪ʲôʱʼϤǳǳģϢǧָ΢ȴûѣ̧ۿ
㵽ֻġֽǧָ£
ǧ㴹ֲָ󣬳ọ̇̄¶ȱߣʱǱС¯ˡ
㲻Ҳһģ̌һ¶ĳȺͼ򵥵
һ㶣һԼĴţѵǣﲻƽˣ
һһҲ·ô
ǧ΢΢ͷӼͷ䣺á
Ѹתǧϣ޷ݵĸоͬչҵ֮ʱȴ˺ܾõĻȴΪԷڣպʧ䲢롣
һȥǧָʶöһȹϵ壬ǻ˰ɡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻ봩ȹˡ
ǧ΢΢˫ĽëƯͫ׳ڸǡ
⵽ԵΪǧɫԻͷ״Σϲɺأ㣨+1ǧ㰡ȥԵɣ
ǧ۾ٿŮܼ΢΢һ㶣Ų֪ҪҪǰ
ǧ۵׸һĨԵЦ⡣
ǣȻһԼţ
ǧԼ岢ܺͺÿҹʵι
ɷϣû·ͷΣڹǸС
ڳ֮ʱžйԼǧмȻ
Ƽ͹ʵûжȥάòˡ
ǽȴ˴˼
ˡǧ֮ǰ˼ȣ۵׷ǳǳԺ֮ɫȥһԴ׾С
صԼķѸٵĹţЩͣӶǷǧ㴩ȹӰϵӣֱһ
ôÿ˾Ȼİ£ͻȻѣԣİ£ԭġ
ʹĴ¹񣬿¹Ŀȥܻȹӣǧ㻹רŴȹӣǲ֤ʵǺϲԭȹӵģ
һ뵽һ㣬ĪľЩģΪ˾ɫ̵Ҳ𽥻¡
ǧһףûصشϣɢţܺ
ŮܼСְǧᣬɫҲ֣ء
ͷֳˡǧ㿴˵
ҪԤԼʦ޼𣿡Ůܼѯʵ
ǧ㿴ǳβˣѾЩˣôಡȴΨֻͷܡ

ǧǰͻȻ𣬵ʱԼڼ֮ʱʶְͷϸϸİãԼ֪ΪͻȻŪҡ
ָ볤ķǧ˵ˡ
õġŮܼҼɿ֡
ǧҲˣ뵽ǿž޵С飬鲻̧֮۵ѾȾЦ⣬Ȼ
һɫĳȹ޵ĺɫȴļʣȹ൱ิӵƣȹӽȥͼֵƣϲƣ߹Ҽ䰺
ǰͻȻֳվǰֺĸȫǼڽͳǿҵĺɫͬ棬塣
߸Ьڶ߻صǧЦ̼ɢӰ١
Ůܼע⵽ǧı仯ɻͻȻԱͨһһҽС
ǧŮܼͬʱһ㶡
Զڵϣ˫ֳŵأһʹãȻ


31 
ڵϣȹȹ߰ıѹϥ£һ΢ζһԼĽ
Ľϣһ˫ͬɫϵϸ߸ױɫװγеĺǿɰ
ǧεߣͷǱڸʲô
е㣬ûƺĺٺٺ١ǳ˼Ŭ˫վ΢Լȹӣ˫ֱڱ󲻺˼ĳŷǧ¶һεЦݡ
ˤ𣿡ǧʵ
˿ԼģŤŤףȻƿȹӿԼϥǡ
ûУﶼúõġͷͷӦûҰɡ
ȥ˫Ьǧټмֺġ
ˣ⣬Ҹոû׼ש϶պþͲˡΪǧ㳤εĹϵΧĵ沢ȫóƽء
ȫᴩ߸ЬֻкܳһʱûдˣѧʱǴָ߸ϸ߸ʵ⻹ǵһΡ
·еŤӦӦͺˡ
¼еĸ߸ЬóԭӦǸ߸Ьأǧ㷢ֵʲôͲˡ
߰߰ɣôˡ
ȹڣҪת⣬ǰȥҪƷǧΡ
ȻͻȻס
һԻĵͷô𣿡
ǧ㿴ͬǺɫȹӣͬϵԼͬԼ̧ͷȥһиоǲһġ
ûгûбӣûлһ齹ƵĿ⡣
ʱͬҰвеһɫҰ΢紵֮ҡҷ·ΪһĨɫפ㡣
ŨҵĻͻȻһһǣȫǰЩģǾƵȹӷ·ҵԼˣųĺɫ
ȹӣɫ߸Ь
һĶ
Ȼˤǰһ̣Ȼÿɰ
ǧ㿴ָ˳ֱ𽥵ϷսĿⶨϣڿԷźÿ·ʱӦҪ˵ǡ
գգ۾ǧƯ֮°𪵽͸ȴ˿ûңɼǧסԼģӡеıȫͬȻЩ¶ȡ
ƯǧܺģǸһ˿ǳǳЦݡ
Ŀţ㯣⣬ӻȻ죬Ͱͣ˵һƬ
ǧԺͻȻϵͳ
ԵΪǧصشģǲĶأԵɣ񷢲Եʮӡɹ㣨+5ʧ㣨-5
ǧδǰ񷢲ΪʱδﵽʮӣжΪɹ㣨+2
ǧԵϵõԵ졯ĻӦ㣨+1
ǧѵõ˼ֺ飬һϵͳǰ˷ӦڶȷĶϵͳ߳
˾佱ʮӣϲԵľҪ˾ǰȻһЩϧ
ǧԼ˳ͻȻһֵĿ
ҡҡҡţȻûȥǧϳ
Ѱȫϵϡǧܲ²ʱĻң͸żֺЦѾ״ε
ץסȫǵһѰȫۡ
ע⵽Ůܼҽ۵䡣
ŮܼҲȥ
ǽ󲿷ʱ䶼Ҫչ˷ǧˡ
Ҳһκͷǧ㵥ദʱ䰡
񲻶ϵ͵͵ɨǧ㣬ֹ
ǧڳĵӰϰһһżֶŪ˼һֱտڲԣڡ
˾ᣬ裬Ϳ˷֮һ
ͻȻŤͷʶ뿿ǧ㣬ȴû뵽ոպָ˷ǧϣϤ¶ԴΡ
ӶҪѻ˵ɴһݣ
죬رÿÿģһŻһҿʱ;㣬㡭رĺÿҡÿ
һļÿ÷ǧЦ⣬̧ͷ۾΢΢𣺡Ȼأ
Ȼ󣿡ԴһŽֻ֪ظ
ֻǧͷƯͫ׽˶УȻôÿģֻЩ
ɵˡ
Ӧ


32 
ǧǰ, Ưȹӣ۾ﵹӰԼӰӵʱ, Ϊǧ۾ֻ
ǧ񲻴¶͸¶ӯԴһοô״̬õģ
ʶ˿ڿˮ
ں֪ܲ룬ԴȫһŽ޷˼
е㱿Ҳ֪ӦӦʲôȫ֪мܣԱʵʵ˵֮־úܲգǻˡ
ǧ۾, Ѿȫ޷˼ڴȱķŹ
ֻ˵˷һλˡǧ㽫ѹµֳأķϣ, ϸϸ⻮
ǧûп, ˫Ư۾վƿ
Ҳ𽥵, ӻлع
ܷ
ǲĴʲôӦô飿ǲӦʲôΪǧİ¿ôƯ, Ӧá
Ӧøһǣ
ඥ
԰ôƯİӦø㹻ķӦȫ޶ԲŶ԰
áúڣĲӦôλ, ӦչΪµĵְٲúúÿҲа
ǧ㽫ıȫ۵ףȴܺá
Ȼûڿ, Ӷ״̬÷ǧá
ǧ뿿ڳ, ָĦԼĴꡣ
Ϊһ仰˳ʱ˼ᣬǳ֮˭
κ˶С
ָ΢ʹ˴꣬ǧ۵׵Цɢĵİĸ鲻Ӧ
ŰţԱĿαϿ⣬ʧȥͲҪ˼ֻûڣ˼ѡ
գգ۾
Ŵ⡣
գգ۾

ͻȻֵ֣ȻϤ
߹Ľֵ𽥵Ŀʼ죬Ϥĺ̵ƣϤĹվ̨Ϥĸ߼ţϤĵ̺ϤСţѾܴӼнطĵͼ
ǰҹյĻͿԵﶡ԰С
԰ı־ԴʯͷʱԴһ¡
ǰĹսǴһǳӷǳóԵĿʽ̡
˳ȻǳӵƮɢɵˡ
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Ŀ˾ͣԼСſڣҳʾֱ֤ӽ뵽СϤСڲ࿪ʼԾ
ǧһԿ𽥿ʼעе˷ȸԾǧһ㶼ûдһʱ֮»
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ǼڼԿģ
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ڷǧ鿪ʼʱͻȻ
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ողڿ𣿡ǧԼһ޴⡣
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⣬Ҳҿ㰡û̫࣬˳ھ˵
ǧգ۾𣿡
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£˵ŶǺȥҽԺ
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ϵͳһγ˷ǧԺ֮Уǧһ˲졣
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ǧһΪǧĺܳԽ˼άһ˷ǧ㡣
ͻȻסһ˲Ļ㱡
ǧͻȻһͦʶȥҰ֮зǧŹƯԽԽա
º͵ıϢϣоǺȵĻһ˲ĳЩڴ
ǧݳǳǳЦûȥ
ȻڴʱͻȻյ鱻򿪣ʶֱֽǧ§˻
ǧһ㶣źݺݵײϡ
޴ڿյ¥лصŷǧģΪſ̫죬ûӦε赲ʶĶˡ
̧ͷһ˫۽Ƿǳǳĺɫ΢΢ףѾ޹˵Ůݡ
ſڵŮߣһɰļҾļ˯ȹ毺õģµ΢ĳʱЩңʱձԵЩʪķ˿ɼӦøոջڿ
ͻȻˡ
ǡ
ʶľѿڶ֡

Ů
ʱĿ
ڿ˲䣬Ϳ޺۾˲ˣֱƹͺݺݵĳû֮ʱݺݵײĻС
ײĵɴײ˶ھӵϣС˺ܶ࣬ļ֮ŴһСʡ
ǧ㱻ƿˣ˵ǱƿģǱǿмӵ֮У˲ǸעӹŮռλá
ԼĵطȴͻȻռݣǧ޷ƵĻͷȴͻȻ˶ϵͳ
ʱѵǧδɸлԵǹʧܣͷСʤ»飩ʽʼ
ǧ㼫䲻õҧס´СʱĽ԰˵ģ㲻ʲôͷȴôû뵽Ȼŭ
ҪڣѵԶһ㡣
ʱļϣ󣬶ֻ
ͷβûп
ǧüŭ⣬ɫѿʼնûп
ǧ֪ϵͳڳʱʱ̶̿עһĻǰڵȴ·Ǳ˺һ
ǧһηӣȻôԽܡ
ˣ˰ƺҲЩ޴룬һֻİοҪҲ¥ްǽȥٿްɣһɱ𱻱˿֡
˵˵˺ţǧ۾ָԾĽճȭ
˽ȥˣǧϣһ³
ѵҪ
ǧһζϵͳ֮⡣
Ȼͽȥ֮ڷǧĿ֮ȴͻȻ˻
ǧ𽥾ȣعͷȥںε˵ȴһֶʼնƬͣͷ·ǿһ㡣
СΣ»ŵһ㡣
ǧ㱾ŭΪϸĪıɢˡ
ƽ
תΪӡ
̤ͥʱ򣬵һ۾ǿӵװޣȻԼԤеĺװ޼ͬڣеķӡ
СڵװȴʮֵĸߵڵļҾװ޴͸¶ݻϢǵ̨ǲÿһʮָߵóǾʦƺѡĽ
ļǺͨļͥڸĸȥ֮ＸûʲôΨһõľǸָϷ豸
ĸȥ֮ǰķʲôһֱάʲôǴɨһ
һжĸڵӣԼ֪ôʲô塣
κҵ֪ıʣֵ֪Ը񣬴Ӳҵķš
ȫһļҾΣվˣⲻ磬Ҳϵļҡ
㡣ŴǸһߴĻ䣬عͷ
ָס˯µ°ڣ۾ˮžһµ
ţ鸴ӣԭãŮǡ
Ǹù˲ɶɶֻ񣬲ǱŰǱŰĵ·һߵڵģŮǡ
޳۾ôˣĪǷʲô˰ɣ
òŮѾϿʼ˰ɣǷǧ㻹ûأ
𽥾֣ͻȻסļ򣺡ʲôˣǲǱ˭۸ˣ
ŮһŮѾ棬Ǽ֤ǧѾڲԶˡ
ʻˮӿϵķίСۣȥǸûзȫĺӣ۾޵ĶѪ˿˵һ仰
ȱޣ˵°ɿļӦû̫Ū˰ɣ

ץǣòı۸˰ɣô۸ģòᡭ
пһֱǰ˯ȹ濴
˯ȹпգֻһСڣ𪣬ɰСͷ
ͻȻ֮ͷƤһ鱳һʶľɿ֣֮ͻȻϮĿֲоʧʹ˿֪ոΪԼᱻʲôµĶ˺顣
ƺҲĶסˣôһµǲˡ
ȶɳϡ
ˮһˮһˮ˷ǧǰ
ĿһֱעûпǧĶ
ұ򹤵ĵطˡ˵
Ϊʲôʵʵ˿Ůͺá
˵ڣǶţü
üͷ˵Բ𣬽㣬ҲǹҪȥ򹤵ģֻϣܶΪİԲ𡣡
Ĭˡ
ôţԭ𣿷˳ȥôˣ׬㻨Ǯһ׬Ǯ಻Ǻ
ͦõģҺܸˡ˵Ϊ룬֤㳤ˡ
ʵǲ֪꣬ȥ͸δһСޱȣŮʲôⰮ
⼸죬رæɣҸ㷢Ϣ㶼ûлңôæȴһֱʽҪǮǺܲӦá˵˵ˡ
ͷƤһ飬֮ǰϵòΪҪǮɣѽ
ǰҲǻ̶תǧ𣿡
ɫһͷָľһ𣺡ҡҾˡ
ˣ߰θߣһŵĲУһһֻСӣü䣬Ϊʲôˣ
ͬͬѧ˾֢ҪǮβǲŸոո߿ҲһܺõĴѧͻȻ֢ûôǮԽԽСţͷ̧ͷ
߿׽ϢҲ˵Ǹոո߿ʮ߰ꣿ
ü䣺һѶûȫ𣿡
ĵĵͷ
ȥ򹤵ģʵ
ͷҪ͵ȥ
ЩΪѵü䣬Ӧÿ佱ӦýĲǻ£ֻûסܼȰˡ
ǲӦýҪñ˵ǮƱȽϺã
ĽԭΡͰԭĵľǸû취ǳԼ⡣
Ϊʲôޣ˼·
Ҵ򹤵ĵطҴˡί˵
ΪʲôΪʲôԼҲǰʣԭĸĳã
ڲģȻ󿴵һ˶һŮӶֶţǸŮӿܲ⡣

ίۿֺˣȻȥǸŮΪΪѣҪҪҪ£˵

סգŮһֱ˵ҾǱɵˣͱ˾ŮѹϵֱֻŤϰ˵ȡ֣ͰҴء
жݵʧ
е㲻
Ӧ
һ뵽ίһֱ˵棺ҲǹģġĲֻ֪Էһûйء
һΪѡ
ô죿
ӦθȥһݶԴ
㣬㡭һ߿һʵǲˣ
޿ɱܵ⣬ͻȻǰɵˡ
ǧһ԰ţһֱǰˮ
ˮӦǸոϴڻЩʪ󣬰ˮ¶ȸոպá
ΪϵͳԵʽԣΪϰȴȫ
ȻΪϵͳԵʺǣڵȫĶԼϣûй˼Ĵڣ۶Ǻߡ
ƽʱõĻ̶̳ȣȻǲõϰùġ
߿࣬ͷ
ǧĦűڣɫƽ
鱾޷ֱԴȨȨġ
ûɵϰȴȷȨ
ƽʱĸԱȻõ˺ÿڵݺֶΣֻһСС͹ݶѣû˾ûˡ
ǧ뿿ϣĲ
ڵĻܽ飬⶯ְһ¡
ԡ
ô
ǧָû˼롣


33 
һֱҭ, Сһ𣬳ڹС, 
֣Ǻ޸ĵģ¶Ժȡ֣ϣŵ֮ͬһ
ǧ۾ȷܹ𲿷˵ıֻǷǧȴȫֺøУһһﶼۡ
һֱ۰ͬһ¶ԺڵãѵҲΪ۽֮ģ
Ҫ˵, û˻ı˰ɣ
ǧͻȻ˫΢УԼȻԲȥ˱ȶԣҡҡͷֵ뷨Ժų
ǧһֱ۲²ģǻûκѪԵϵû³ǿ
飬û
ǧָû, ޷ڵ鲻á
ôͻȻ, , ڳ˵ע
ͷΪ˶ȻЩɢ, ȥɣмֹȵԵĴУǧգ۾, ЩĿɰ
򴽣õĹעģǹעķƽʱ̫һ, ̽Եһ䣺ʲôô
ڿҲˣҲ, أʮ̬ѯţûдô
죬СңûôҾǡ˵˵
ȷ˵˵һ㡣ı鿰ƻȻʣǾͲҪˣ鶼ȥˣҲûǴһݹðڶԼˣ㱶ο
һһ㶣Բ۾ᶼˡ
Ҫָ鰡ֵ̬ǣĵȰο
ǸӣŮͷβû취úô򹤵ʽǻҪŮӼõģΪŰĿʼĲɿ
иôķɽ㻹䵽Ӽõĵزô붼ǲܵġ
뿪㣬̫ţǼ⣬ġļ벻޵ʱ
ۿֺˣҪµ
Ҳ±ƣôֿˣοĲ
ʲô𣿡ʵ
Ļ涵Ĵ˫̧ƺڴʲô
ҲǾ᣺ǲȻұ㣿
ı¶һ˿ɻ
㣿
ôˣҲ𣿡֮ʵǲ֪Լʲôˣٰܲ˴ȥϰָɣ
ԭǺܾܿȥһعˣɴûȨǰҲ֪Ӧô졣
ĶŮǧ˵ȥҸ֮Ļ
㡭Ȼһֱ۾Ĳô ֻöصŴ˵еֵֹġ
ô᣿ûУǴϣлţɲܱ֪ˡ
ƽʱĻһᡭͻȻ䣬ͣ˻ͷ
ϢԴ
һúðο㣬Ȼȥͷ𣿡ڰĵڣǧ
סѸٵƳһ۷ǧ㣬µĵͷȥҳ
Ըյ˵ҪĴ𰸣ǧЩĵƣô뱨ֲΪԼҪ󱨸
ҪֻҪǧͻ᲻ĺ¡
ǧÿ£Ů˵Ҳÿ£Ϊʲô㲻˵˶
ôˣͷѯ 
ָĵסȹڣȻɺίȴֻǺ۾ҡҡͷ
˵˰
͵͵˿һŵصĴĺ󱳣ɲҪ̫ϾˣôĳУ۲ȱһ͹ݵĹ
ĪľЩơ
Ժ£ǰԼķˣûǺĵģȻŮӲߣĻߵģԺ֮ǰӣȻߵˣı۸ˣҡ
ô˵˸ڴ
ֻ˵һúðοοģ޿ޣͷͷ飬ʲôõġ
һԷǧͻȻЦ
ıЩΣǾú֣ȴʵ˵ʲôط֡
ƽʱԼ۸ˣͻᡭ
ҧס´ΪԼҪˣҪ
ǧĪľãżԹһͦȤģԼһʱϸģҲƵһ
ʵϣҲкܶȤСĻ
ֻעԼʱ򣬻¶Ŀɰ
ǧͻȻãԼѾƽʱԼˣҪʲô
ȥһ䡣ŵʱ򣬽մ˻ңûлЬŽŲڵϡ
һֱڷǧԱߵĸ߸Ьڱ
ллǧ㡣Ьӣվ£ͦ˼ģԺҾԶ룬ľ´ˣ
´Ҳûϵǧ񷺳Щ֮ɫôĻﻺ˵Ƕૡ
˵ʱѾתȫûĻ
ɾΪǧʱŸΪ̹Ȼ
ǧڿʼս겻ǧ㵱Ȼע⵽̧ͷȴֲ̧ͷĳ
϶ȥɣɷǧȴ˿һ
ȴס
ͼƫ
ⲢǿΪ֮ΪݣͬһʲôĺӻͨĸΪжԼôõעͺôһˡ
ܺá
۰⣬Ϊֹܹõĸо
Ϊ֮ݵĴȴƫ֮ӻ֮ʱǧ޷ŭ⡣
ҪǮǧ˿ŭĲʷӦ
գ۾Ե̧ͷʲô˼
Ҫѡǧ뿿ϣȻ˵ʲôҲûҪѹʱ֮Ҳ뿴ϵǮҸ㡣
ûκηϵΣͼһεεģ䰭ۡ
ҵĽ㣬ûоҽ㣬´Ĺᵽ֮ʱʶľͷˣ˺£ҼȻģΪʲôҪҡ
Ļ˵˵žͱˣʱǧ㿴Ŀķ·ɽ֮ѩһ˿һ˿Ĵ侲
Ϊ㡣ǧ۾ͷ·һ
ǧĳŵĵɴ۾ô˵ģǡݣӦúúദ
Һúദ𣿡ǧָͻȻóһǴҽʼڣкúõĽйһ𣿡
ͻȻ޷
ԴӼʼһֱԼУ˵õͬ˷ǧĴڡ
ҡûУҲǡҲЩңֻƽʱ㶼Һ˵
ǧüͷһ壬ʶķڵǰȡ
еǡǧֱӴı⣬ŶǿҵĹԣȻҪ鷳ֺαֻĻ˿
ϲǧɹˡԴסĸ飬ԵķԡԴסΪԵɽСԴסΪϲɺأ㣨+10
ǧһ顣


34 
ԭļҲ, ˾ʮƽһӳ, ͨļͥá
ͬСͬĵԪͬƺţȴȫǲһ硣
Ϊ˷ܹƹ滮ԭӦĸĵطѾǽƣһСС鷿
СʱҲĽ鷿ļͥȴûķʽȥʵ֡
ﲻҡ
̾˿ɫĴשдǳǳҳɫˮȫˮµĻҳϴɾ, Ͱϳ˦˫ŵȴǱɡ
Լ˫ţϤģȴȫͬԼˡ
һγ̾˿Լ͸ĸþסĵطǳ˻ĵط̲ס۾
һ, ʱլҲһֱܲ˸ĸĴ, Ϸ֮ڵʱ, ɻųԷʱԷ, ΪһֱϷֱӴŽѵͺеͨͥһ
ҲֻѣȴȨˡ
ΪʲôҪ鰡
Ȿûκź, ŮôԼӲѣŮôҡ
ǵᵽŮҪԷԭɾǱ˼ҲΪ۸, Ҫԭǵ·ǧֱԪס
˵ǧǺԭйϵôΪʲôǧĹϵһֱӣ
ǲʲô᣿
źɫĸ߸Ь, ·ϲоԭӦһܸ߰Ůˣ
ⲻܡ
Ϊʲô᣿
۾ŮԸȽеֵģѵ˵ŮԸҲе֣
ţԼ˼άƫˣ˸ʧˡ
ճᰲοԼĴԼ̲סЦ
ɫĸ߸Ь̤ڵϣ߳ʱͼ۾һ۸ĺʮίģ
ôˣ־ί𣿡ЩΣνºԽԽ
ϲ̧ͷҵĹһѸٵĵߣſɰ˯µŮԼܵľʹȥ
ȻͷƤһ飬Ķûܼ
㡣ȴԼ˹ĶСֻסȹǡ
⵽ʲôʱ鰡͸ո𣿡ĬĬ˼ѵ糿ģպ޵ô𣿶ô˻ǻ˯ȹͦġ
ǰ졣Сص
ǰ졣
ɳϣ˫ֳ򢣬ǰ찡
ܿ޵ڣʧ
ҲѹԭŮʼնһ̾ӣӺѲġ
ոաͼ˵ʲôʱ򣬿һ۷ǧķ
ԡ
ûʲôҡͷͷ·𱳺ʲôˮ
һԻ
Ȼ𽥾֡
Ŀ֮УǧͻȻˣ
ͫ𽥷Ŵ𾪡
ǧȻǳˣ
ͻȻԼǴŷǧһǲ֪Ϊʲô֮ȫ˷ǧĴڣ
ڷܵɫˣ
һ鿪ʼȻĺ»Ҫһ¥
Ҳɵˣ˺£ۿˮһ㯵Ŀ
Ķǣ군군군ˡ
ǧ㲻˰ɡ
ɲ
ӲվѾʼϰߵĸ߸ЬȻֿʼ˽ţŤŤĲ䵽˷ǧĸǰ
۹۱Ǳǹģµĺӣɵվڷǧߡ
սս֡
۾ֱӷǧ㡣
һ¡
ּķǧؿڡ
ˡǲ̧ͷȥҪҪฺҲܴ󣬶岻õģҸոֻΪڿޣһһȰοġ
ɴ۾ȫǰ¡
Ƿǧ뿿ϣǳǳӦһ
ɴڷǧǰûĶ˫ַڷǧϥϣԲ𡣡
ʾԼԵһ
Ĳ֪ôͰѷǧĴڸˡ
۲ۣʲʣȲˮҪҪȥһͼԼǷǧ¸ƪ
ǧ㿴ŶԼǰ߱Ҫ˺ֻܶ࣬Ҫͷȥ
ˣԼоÿһζڹ˼ԼҰŵ̬İο
ڸղųͷˣԼʱ𽥾ֵĿ⣬÷ǧЩЦ
ǧЩȴǶԼ
һвŮйԣƲסвڹԼ塣
ôһֱһȶ״̬£ȴû뵽ȻһΪһûκദŮ޷͡
޷ϡ
Ϊ
ǧ˿ϵͳʾԴ׵ϵͳڶ߻صȴһ޴ӷ
ǳԴףûκɿԽԼͻȻŭԭ
ʶ˶ԷǧĺԺʮֽŵСģɱһ̬ͬɰˣΪĽãȥֻɰ
ⲻƫġ
ʲô
Ȼƫˡ
ǧıΪӡ
㡭𣿡̽Ե̧۾͵͵һۣС񣬷ǧ㶼ÿɰ
ǧ㣬ǷΪԵΪķöأǷΪԼԵȴ۰˶ʹأԵﲻҲǵĸҪһŶ񷢲ڵ¶ԵԵĺͲɣɣ㣨ʧܣ㣨
װǧ㣬Եķʾһǳίɣ񷢲Եĸעʾɣɣ㣨ʧܣ㣨
ǧ㿴ϵͳͻȻ˫񣬳Ĭ룬Цһ
ȥϵͳԼжǹϣίԴףϵͳĹ
ǧü䡣
һ۵ǵ
ǧ˻衣
ǵ
ҡǧ򴽣̧ۿһԶʱΪ˶һԻʹ࣬ͻȻܸ֮߳кˬжһӵϣǧ㽫̾ѹߣԼеίҡ
ǧҧͷⱲûжκһֶ
ңǧ㿪̵Բ۾ȴš
ǧͷƤ飬⼸սѶȡ
ܰСʾҪ޹ԼƵλԽߵ̬ѣʣʡѽΪӷŶϳβʵβ߲ζŶ֫嶯֫һԣ벻Ҫ˼ȥԵɣ
ǧֻ̫ѨڳۣϵͳΨ²ҵļÿ춼ڼ̤ĵߡ
ǵ񣬷ǧѾʼԱ
ǰģ
㡣
Ķ
룬ǽܸ߳ѹһ㡣
ǧ֣ĳ΢΢һЩ赲ԼĲֹߣڵЩҰԭΪ˽Լܸ߳Уȴû뵽ȴ赲һУֻǰڣֻܿˡ
ʲô㣬ʲô֮Ժ
ֻѣĻ
ǧĿͣԼϵϣֻһס֡
еů¶ȴָ໥ײĵطǧȻЩңԼ𽥼ٵ
ǧͼԼƽôȥǵıҪˡ


35 
Լ˫ֱǧסˡ
̫ǧ㵽Ҫʲô, һǷǳҪΪǧס˫СȵĲҴʱǧı鼫࿴һҲûµӡ
̲ס˿ڿˮ, ǧ̬ȾʼԴ
ǧˣҲ̲ס̧ߺ󱳱Լʱֽš
ǧ߬סڣĿڣҪһֱҡ𣿡



Բ۾ŵĿŷǧ㡣
ûоģҲ
Ƿǧ㣿ǸʹϢҲԻҧ, ֻҪͣ;Բ߿࣬۲ۣĳǿķǧ𣿣
ʱеķǧ㣬ȫ߸һֱӡ
ûǧ˵, , , żСעί, ʱԼ֣Ǻܲ˼̲ס, ΪӦ£ټĻƮ, Ȼˣ
ǧ㣬ˣ
˶ɵ, ȫҪӦ
Ŀŷǧ죬һĹɵʼڣʱ
̫ڴ˻ػʱ
ܺúøǧشǻ᲻Ժûῴôɰһˣ
Բ𣬷ǧ㣡ͻȻסǧֹ֣ɫڣҲãӦʱʱ̶̿עģһҵĲԣһҼסĳͷ
˵ûп⽵ͣΪ˱Լĳ⣬ûĿǷΧ֮ڡ
Ҳͷ㡣ǧ˸ŵˮ⣬ֻǣе㵣ġ
õġǧԼϣ˵Ϊڶ˵Ҫġ
ǧ봹˫ۣ˿͸ɫ㻹мң㻹Ҫչ˵á
˵˵ңҼңİΣΨһһҪ¡
仰ûпŵĳɷ֣ԭļңԭã޹ء
ôŰŰģ󶼸
ϸ룬׷£ֻзǧһ˵硣
ôңѰͬķģû취֮
Ȼ仰ڷǧȴΪ֮Ի;ȡ
ǧͼԼ˵˶ǻ˵滰ģĳȴȫû취ôΪ
ʱһѾ𾪵˵˵ΨһʱԼҪ۰˶ĿõģΪʧ˵ûκκô
ܺģһУ˼κ
ǧû뵽һɼȴõΪ㯵ʵ
ǧ㴹ת
ֻһۣԲʲô̾
ǧ㳷˫֣ȴͷɫķ˿ָ֮䣬סĶ䣬ȻΪصǣǰ㽥
ǧǰһĿͷ΢΢໥Ӵ˿֮䵭ĽɢıǶˣǧҲֹסжݵĻ㱡
Ŀģʵֻûа취عͷȥˡ
ȴû뵽ᱻͻĵʶ
ǧȫԼƣͷսߣȴͣ˲Զϡ
ܵ˻£ȴڷһпܲС
ŨҵĶʾ֮ɫǧ㿪ڵȴᣬί΢΢һ㣺ãһᰮݼڣԡһá
ͣ٣ں
о۰Ľ㼸ҪȥҪĪùķΧ㡭
ͻȻе¶˻ȥ˷ǧ̫¶ʮ㡣
ǧ㻷סƵԺһָֻķ˿棬ǵľҡ
һ˲䣬۾ˣ޷Ƶίӿ
ҪǰҪˣҪ¶Ľ㡣
Ȼȴȿˡ
ǷޣϢϢأû㣬ҲҸ
վԭأһ˲ɴ۾
ʲô
ԭء
ͷǧһ𣬻Ҹ
ͷԸٿҪúõ˼һ¡
Ժкǻҡ
ͷǧˣǷްȻİܣҲȻİ
ϲǧɹ㣨+5
ϲǧɶԵʾ㣨+5
ϲǧõԵףɹռҵҸͼͼռǧʱ鿴
ǧ㴹ʱȴͻȻ뵽ͷβѾݣһбȥִ񣬸Ǳʹʲô
õʲôĻشȴûȻ
ǶĳŵҲǻӦġ˵Լ󶨵ˡ
ǧӵס
ⲻˡ
ǧͼҪӽǣȥúÿڵʲôı飬ʲôʲô顣
˺ֵͼŮӵŽǧ㿴Լı顣
ǳԼԤϵɫ
ĵط¶Լ׵
ǧѾ𽥵׶޷Լġ
սĿ⣬ϡ
ǱʱԤϵĺ죬۾ɵԲԲȫǾȣܲĶ


ö
ǳɫ֮֮ʱŻе̬
ڣǧ㷢֣ĿֱĶڡ
ġڡ
ǧʱע⵽ΪϣҪӵǰϰǰ㡣
ΪնƵ·¶档
Ŀֱģûдƿ
ǧͻȻ֮䣬е뷨ˡ
ʲôȣʲô뷨ʲôȫ֮Ժ
ǧޱֵסԴ˳ȥ
ȻѾѣ
ǧݵʧԺоȻһԼ촩ʲôʽ-¡
Ӧʮ״̬Լ
Ȼ̬ķչȴˡ
ıͻȻˡ
һķǧ㼸ûסԼС
ҲŻˣһԾ𣺡ôˣôˣôͱˣ򼱾ȵ绰ԣ˾˾
ݺݵƿţž˾صĽŲ¥ķ¥
˾ֱӶ¥ҽԺ׼𣿡
˾¥¿񱼶ϣҽԺʱ¥
鷳ˡҲ֪Լʿ϶˾ÿ죬ÿλþͼǧƵű߷˾
Ȼôƣ˿δ
ֱӶ󺰣ʶסι̶
ǡͻȻҧгݵϷȴн˺ˡ
ͬʱ˾ֱӱŶ˷ǧǰѷܲ
ã˵ȥ
˭ҡǧ㵥ס˫ۣһᵽε޷˵ĸоҰһ㣬侲һ£


36 
, ɫҽƷҽʱźһļ鱨棬ǰһŮ, ҪĲ֮һ
ǰŮ˰ϣȥʵ-ĴƲ޴ħʴۣ໥Ӱ񻯣˲òǲǺ͸
ȴģħûиʴòҲûϨеϣ֮⣬ҽʱ, Ǹ漣
ǶеĲ̬ȶһͬʣ˵ʱ̲ס˼ֶݡ
һֱ㣬ҪԼһֱ㶼ĺܺáҽ֮иǼ, ʵ޷ȥ
ǧѾЩƣ, Ҳļ׵ܲ, ŵεĺ󱳲ǿЩ, 𣿡
ǧ㲻Ըȥһԭ޷ȷԼһȥ˼᲻
ʵҲûк, 漣ʱ-һֱƽ⣬ҸĲƽ͵һʱڡҽ˵
ǧ˫ۣܲ²Ϊߡ
ֻٴ, -жز֢Ӱ-彡, һҪ֤Լһƽ͵״̬ҽһ˵
ǧ㵱Ȼ֪ҽ
Ƿ޾ԡҽЩݣһ֮󣬻˵ڲӰ-彡£ʵҲʵĵ-״Ƕ-кôġ
ҽϣȫžһ˵ϲŭ֣˶񣬻ʲô壬ҡ
˵Ƚϴ󣬵ǲûи-Ӱ죬ҲΪԵʡҽ˵
ǧֻʱһֱʮεľأʵѵǺֵܿ
Ű𣿷ǧüͷ
һϲ¡ҽӱзһϣ˺ܶ࣬θ˺ת
ǧ˫ۣҽ
ʲôҩĺתûҽԼľȣ֪ʶϵУǧĲûĿܣֻڶѣ޷ȷĺתǺǻθܺתԶЩ-ƶҪŬģṩ㹻-ֿ
ҽǧҽ߶߶㿴֮ǰҵθкתĿ𣿡
ҽͻȻһ£ΪҽĲ顣
ᡣ˵棬⼸Ѿִҽѧʵˡ
ǧûоʵҵθã漣𣿡
ҽͷǵġ
ǧѵõ¶˼Ц⣬ҽԡ
ѾˣȻֻһ㣬ֻҪ㹻㣬ָΪһ˲롣
ҽ˿ǧ㣬˵ЩҪߵ˽һ£𣿡
ǧ˵ͷ
ˡҽڷǧγ֮ǰͻȻ˵ܣƯ״̬ȥһԼɡ
ǧͣһ£ҽǧ΢˻ͷΪǶȵԭ̫ǧĳڵ˫ۡ
ҽȴ֪Цˣ΢΢ǣǳĻȡ
ҽСȥ֮ǰ·һ²
Էǧʱʱ̶̿ʹ֮еĻߣΪһҽǸϣԷһвܲ˵ĺúõĽһǹӲдʹⲻȷ
һ̣ȴԼ̫ˡ
ġ
ǻ漣
Щÿһһμ޼ǷǳصģÿһΣֵΪȫݡ
Щ￴ͺǧڱһ
κμԷǧ˵кģۺû-徭κһ㼤ҡ
ǡ
ڷǧϷֵһΥĳʶ
ҽǵʱΧڷǧһǼתȴæûϻԼ۵һͷ
ǧʱҲʱʱĻῴ
Ϊ

±򿪣ҽȴ߰˼ά׼СԽһЩǧע
ǧҳʱʶľʹվɫȹڵһƬͬһĲƣ˲˷ǧ㡣
ܸоԼѾˣڷǧʱǳ̵ķ˼ԼΪ
˼ȥ֪ΪʲôǧͻȻ٣ǴƿԼԺֵģҲ˵

͵
-֮µʱ
ǧ϶϶Ϊء
Ҳܱ
ҲİûסǸǶȣ͡ľ͸ոպðǸҰǸǶȣзǧԼĳɵ赲ҰԱߣԼṩԡ
ڸָĳ֮Ӿֻаװ׵ģģпɿɰģǳɫġ
ͻȻӦԼֽԺл֮ȥ龰Ժ֣˲ɫˡ
Բ𣡡ǧĴҳȷŷǧûˣ԰ɫսսı΢ϹͲûֱӸˣҡҲǹҪġֻǸոպáȻûסȻ󡭡ɶ
ѾԺй˼ĵǸ䣬ʹ˰ٶժΪѾˣȴһֶ벻Ӷǰװ׵ģġ
𾪵ķԼȫĶǰװһԡԲ𡣡
Բ𣡡ͻȻĵǸ֮Уִһ˵ʱҲһϹĺܱǸܡ
ǧ㱾ûлشȴͻȻðԼҲµġ
ʲôǸ㯵Ťͷ
ҡҲ֪Ҳˣû뵽Ȼôʡ
㲻֪ΪʲôҪһǸһ⣬ǸΪ˰һǸѵҪ
⡭Ҳ飬ҲзݣðǸ
£ҲҵǸʲôְûѴԼġܾǸ
סˣ⣬Ϊǽá
ĴͺûϵҪѱ˵ĹԼȻľܾ
£ҲҵǸԲԲ۾˫־½ǣ֪ܲ롣
ҰǸΪû㣬ھͽ㣬Ҫ˵ǸȻ֪ʲôʱһ¡Ͳû˵˵ҪҲ˵
ۿһ죬ίɫɫ֡
׼ޡֱֺݺݵһƻϣ۵˻ȥԴΪס-嵹˼
Ǻģ˯»ȡ֮һܼĶ̿㣬ͺ·ǲķ񣬿ȥֳʮ㡣
ĽСܿɰȥƯ
ʱΪԷƵĶ-֮µĹٴӳ˫ۡ
Ȼ۾ֱˡ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ-֮£֮ǰ˯ʱ򣬺ûеôͦĵزɣǴ˺ܺõ
Ժֳָ˰װǧӦûص-µĵİɣǵ֮ǰӾǴӴǾѵġ
ͻȻЩԣ˹ˣǰԷǧ-֮¼ٴΣΪʲôƫƫһξͻ֮ȥأ
һصĽĿ˷ǧ-֮£ݵķ˴
ǧԴӴҳ֮󣬼еעϣȻûзŹҰ㡣
Ҳע⵽ĪľͿʼ-֮²ǿҵͼעĿĸо
ʱСڳģ̌ͷһۡ
һ칫װССװĶ-֮һ鿴ȥǳ-ˣǧ۾
СǧҲ֪Լô͹ʹ˵һ䣬ͷף£㱳ȥ
С
⵽ǧ˼άӦֻܿҵģԵģأͣӣɣ㣨ʧܣһԵģأʧȥȤһʷֱжʧܣ
ǧס˶ͷ
Ѫѹ


37 
ǧü䣺ϵͳ, ǲԽԽˣ
ǧÿһֻҪɵ, 
ִһ߽壬һ
ϵͳеѾʼ޷⡣
ϵͳǧԵϣԺϷ
㷢Ѿҵıо޴Ĳǧкܸлϵͳĵһֱϵͳκ飬һηǧ㻹̲סˡ
յǧķϵͳڼΪֹеĺȷԡõ Ŀǰչ
ϵͳɸϣδֲ񻯹ϵǧ޷ɵǧͶѻظ
ǧϵͳ, ҲЩӡ
ϵͳĻشʽܹзǳϸ̣ϵͳڲӦ൱һĿݹ
ȥԷҲΪбҪһ
ҡ
ûвмȴÿһʵʶȱȫ, ޷ʱߡ
ϵͳԼ֮ȥ, ʵ, ǧ㲢Ϊκ, 岻߱κ˵ʱ
ϵͳǧĺ壬һһ𡣡
һѾϵͳԵȫ¼״̬ϵͳ׼ȷ֪ǧ, Եδκų⡢飬ǧ㰲Ե
ڶǧΪ㲢ֵߣ޷Ϊȴ, ϵͳΪϵͳΪ᳹˼, ϵͳдٽŬҵ񡣡
ʵ崥ڸĽչ¡ǡܾٶпܳΪٽһ
ܽ᣺ǧȫε̬ϵͳϵͳҲڴԸϵͳͬ֡
ǧϵͳһһгķ
ϵͳгģкܶϸ¡
ȷͬϵͳ˵ܿиֵ࣬ĸԭ
ģ̌ͷʱǵСû޴¡
ʱںԻ
ƺѯΪʲôҪһֱŷǧ֮¿ڼϡ
Ȼܽı⣬ǵͨ죬ʱʱĿתƣ¶˵ҽԺڶǶѾڳϸϸĺ
ɫȹѾûӡ
ǧ㷳ҵ˼ȫΪƽ
ǧûúܴȻںŤͷû˵˵һĻѸٵĵǰ
˫۾ǳγȫӰӡ
ǧ㿴˫۾

ֻ
·Ҳκˡ
ֻ
ôˣǧһֱڿЩ˼
ǡȥԼɡǧ˵
ɵˡ
Լ᣿
Լᡣǧظ
ЩţȷԼûϸϸĲ鿴ŷǧ㣬ȥûǿ
ܣĻѾܶˣٹ˶ܲˡһԵСȰ⡣
˵Ķԣ㿴ȥĺۡŷǧѾкܳһʱˣϼǷ˲ɫ԰ˣ´ԼɣȥϢòã
ڡǧûк࣬ȴ֪޷Ȱ˵
ıΪˡ
ΪʲôǧôִŵҪԼ᣿
ڷǧǰֺȻķϣ̧ͷܽǧ׾ٵ۵ס
Լ񲣬ȹӺͲͷͬæµôʱ䣬ǧһ˿ңķ˿˳ֱĴڼͷǱ·Ҳ޷䲻չĺܿûκҪжļ
ǳɫȹӲĻס˫ȵȹڣͬŷӸĹأױûлɾķ·ոճ֮ʱ
Ư
ͻȻӦǲΪǧŬĻױأ
ױˣ˺ÿ·²ĳţѵҪĹ
ѧʱǣŮжҪױÿ·һȥˡ
ô˵ǧ㡭
ǸŮӡ
ҡ̲סΪԼ뷨 ֪ˣȥ֡
ǧ㲹˵ֻǡ
붮϶Ϊ˾ڣͲĹ˰ɡ
ãǵ˾ԶԶţϾİȫЦֻԼͬĴ󱬷Ůӣһְɣһʼûע⵽ǧ治һϸİ£
ǧӦˡ
ʱ̧ͷ˴ʱǲͬС
̽͵ζչ˺÷ܵģ˾һԸһһҽԺʲôҪԸģֱֻңһסġ
С죬ôΪʲôǧҪȥԼᡣ
СʱҲ˵ʲôֻܽɻĿͶǧ㣬ȴַǧֵ֮һɨȻüƿĿ⣬Щζ
Сɻĵͷ·ʲô׵ĵط
㣡֣·Լһ㣬סֱۡ
ͻȻͷסǿƿڣҪĲҪѹ粻ֵãҸתǮȥĺһȥһٻûʲôһٻ˵ģУǾٳԼ㣡
ɵˣԭز֪롣
תסļ򣬼˵ס߿ˣѾǴѧˣѧѾǰˣܶ鶼ܺСʱһΪˣǳɳҲҪѧΌסѹҪܣҲĵһΡ
۾ǰĽ˵ֵĻȫ޷˺ǰĽغһ
ǡ
ô˵ˣŽ˵һǶԵġҧס´Ȼʧ䣬ȴŬıֳԼֹۣһΪҰɣ֪ĶΪҺãҡ
һƽĺãˣȲĴĻ־˷ǧΣһһ˵㾡ֻϺϵпҾͻ㰡˰Եİã˰
˾첽ĸ˹ȥ
ֻʣС
뿪ķǲǸˣߵô죬ֱǺй׷޲ýɡ
ôȥԼ
ʱע⵽û뿪ССüͷҲš
ҧҧ´Сʵ½㣬ҽǲе֣
СĿתɫӣǡ
ǲǷʲô£һõͬ۾һ׷ʣҪõ𰸡
֪֡
ǧֵǸ
ǧôõ飬ȴȫ͸ǧ뷨ˡ
̳ϹѶķǧ㣬ʵҲ
ǧ۾
ͦģôȷķ˿
ô˵ôз硣
Ҫô죡ʱ˾ڱţôܻᱻ˦ȥģ
ǲ̳Ҫ˰Ľ磬Ҽǵ⸽д̳һʮһ㰡
˾Ǿȥµ̳
ͣСܾѾȳһ
ǧ㿴һȵϢƵǰպͮͮ㿪̳ˣ
ǧ򵥵Ӧһ
˵һָԼȷ磬ΪȵԷˣ˾
ˡǧ˵
ôˣ𣿡ѯʣڷҲԣǻȥݡϢ
ʱģָָ֣̌һ
˳ŷǧֿȥһҺܿ꣬ոºÿķۺɫƺͺܴĸɾĵ̶ˡ
Ȼ
һµꡣ
۾ֱˡ
Ҫµ
ͫ׷Ŵѵʵǧ㲻֣ŹֵĻ
Ϊ˷ǧ֮£绹ûȥ𣿣
գֻһƺ绮󾱣ͷƤ顣


38 
µӦ¿, ոµĵſȻ㲻ͥȴҲвŮԽ룬һŮרꡣ
ΪʲôҽԺῪһŮר, ȻͻȻ֣ѾӽҽԺҵֱԵˡ
·вٳµ꣬Ʒ꣬Ʒưȵ档
ԡǧѡﲻãȴƫƫѡµꣿ
Ҫȥµ𣿡ΡΡһȷϡ
ǧӦ
ͷϵķǧ㣬ĺɫ䣬ӸӵĽǶʵѹ֣ǿȥǳ䵭ķǧ, ᲻ᡭ˵ûпܣʵǧǶԹµϲأ
ǡ߰ɡע⵽Լ߶ڲ˻ǰ
ֲ˲Сܳĺˮע⵽ߵĲĿ⿴ǧ㡣
·˵ĿУк, ɻ, Ҳм
пһ, ʶĵͷȥǧ㡣
ǧͷβûж·˵κĿзӦ, ȻĿϣΪȵĿмֺΡ
һֱ÷ǧƯĺƯ, ˫۾ǻȥĿĺÿ
ڿ·˶ԴǧķӦʱȻ֮, Ҳеķǧеȫͬ
ǧ̫ˣҲ̬, ױΣ·Уеľޱȶ˶ԻֻǺÿķˡ
ǧΧ˵Ŀûκ⣬ɼˣҲϣЩ·˶Էǧ㱨ӵĿ⣬ɵļӿ˽Ų
̤µڣȵĿ˲ɢΪĶԵʣڿյĽϵͣһȻ˿˿ĸо
ʶĵͷ˾䣺᲻̫䣿
ᡣǧӦڽ֮۾¡
ûرȥĵطµķΧܴиָ£ΪǧһֱεԵʣҰȽϵͣܿĵطޣƽʱϲʲô͵£ҿһȽʺ㡣
ǧ㳤ʱû΢΢ƫĿ뿴ǧûĿ꣬ȻµͻȻԼˡ
һ㶣̸˹ȥ
ΧɫʽͬĿΪһŮȻµ󷽷ܾ÷ǧġ
ȻԺֳָ˷ǧǳɫжݵʧ
ʧĵڣõ˷ǧٻ
Ѹٵĵ˷ǧǰǸ浽ĴȮôˣҪҰοο𣿡
ǽȥǧûһ¼š
¼䣬ԴЩ¡
ǲǻûѡΪʲôҪ¼䣿㶵ʵ
ѡǧŤͷ̧ƽͣҴ
ͫ׵
ѡ¡ǧѡ£ҪѡԼϲ¡
Ӷ⼸֣ͬʬһµεǼǵõʱǧ˵ȥˣЩĿȫ޷С
ΪʲôΪʲôǧҪԼѡ¸
ֵ뷨ԺվԭԴѣ±ƼҪը
ʱԱ̹ҪʲôʽأҿԸƼ
̴ֵ˼άѹֱĿŵԱԱ񿴵ĻëЦЩӲ
ԡԡԡеġ˵֮˲Լ˸˼ɣӦ˼ɣ
ǧȱ𣿲ʲôȱΪʲôҪѡأ-ȤȻ-Ȥ
ԭǧûΪ͵ڣڡ
Ա΢Ц˵õģ𣿡
ң֪šԼʼͣȻ˦˦Դ˵ԡɶһҪʣŲ̫ţһҪҪ͸Ȼԡԡԡ
õģôΪƼĿʽ
ص¼ʱһֻֿʽ¼ŵʱѾΪһ
Ϊԣ¼ڲܿд´࣬ɵɷǧΣ¼ڵĵƹļÿǧĹ֮¶ƽʱÿ˼֣ñĿռʱȻСĴ
ֻ𣿡ǧ㿴е£΢΢ü
١𣿡סҾǣǾںˣٻôλۣûѡ̫ࡣ
ǧжݵͣͣ򴽣¶˼Ц⣺㵹һֱҡ
İ£Ҫ㵱ȻȻİɣϾϡ
ĻûܼȥȻֱӽ⿪·ϵ
ɵˣʶĺһֱӿϣȻ޿ˡ
ǧΪκ뾭Ҫ-Ĺϵ·ȥ̳£ȫ˽˶ƣ֮ôҲѣʱǧȻֱӵ棬˺ѹ̡
ǧʵ̫̹ȻȴŶõԼĴƯƣǲϿǧ㡣
ҡͻȻǧ˵
ʲôӽѾȫ˼
úÿҡǧ㲻䷳ظһ飬·䣬һưϸֱ֫¶֮ǰ͵͵ŵһСطȫò
ɵˡ
㲻úÿţô֪ѡǲʺңǧƽ͡
ȻʱѾȫʹ
ǧ΢΢򴽣ҲЩ˸ͻȻֽ΢΢ǰץס-ݺݵĿⱻǿȵĲòֱţƿ
׼𴦡ǧ˵ҲЩ޷ԹԵŷǧĻƿ
ǧ޳ϸָȥסѡһ£ָ΢΢ͣ٣֮ȡԼŵ£Բ۾
ǧ㴩µĶĺֱǵӰָƯµʱȴֳ˼ֶصζǺɫļϵʱ޷ԼĿĸŷǧĶ߮
ûѡܳĿʽǹ˼ʶȣ̫ԵʶȲѣԿȥΪء
ĴΪʲôõѡ˺ܱص£ʱȴȥֵġֵġء
ǻȡǻҲոպãôôոպá
ΪǷǧ㴩ǵƹǵĻ
ǧָµзصƵС׹ϲŪһ£˷ǧ˵أҪء
ﱣˣﰡ뷴ȴָ˵
ǧǸͺܲأ
һͱȽϴˡǧȥһ
ڱ֮һѡ-кͲϵ͸໥ӳģڵӦúʺƤڰķǧ㣬ǿҵķȴû뵽ͻͼǿĸԡ
ԡǧдżֲײĲٴһҲûϵ
ѡ
˫-һֱأԴƵԵĺԺݺݵײŰϣܴ˲¼˵ע⡣
ʱԱЩŵǰţˣˣǷʲôҪ𣿡
Ȼ¼ûдκԱʱĻ֡
ǲʲôֵɰܰɣǵýȥӦһŮ˺һŮˣΪεԵûߴռôʱ¼䡣
ڸոҪԵ¡ѵҲɡ
ˣ뿪ţ벻Ҫֵ𣿡Աţ֣


39 
ϲɹɡֻܿҵXX, 㣨+10
ǧϵͳʾɵʱ˿
ʱԱŵ, Ȼע⡣
ǧŵԱĺ̫Ѩ
ȥǧ˵
Ǵ̼ڵϵ۾²֣ǧĻֻʣ˱ܣΡΡĴӵվתţ, һǳɣȫߡ
Ա洫λˣǸûʲôҪô⡭
ǧûĻشҲܹ²ڹƻڴ
ǧ㰲Ķ¼, ̧õĴ¾
ʱҲ΢ġ
ǳǳĺɫڸճĲ԰, ֳ˼ֽѪɫ
ȥеˡ
ǧٻʱ, ӲΪԼܹ߳
ԭΪ޷ɵ, ȴǿҵ֮ˣö˺ͺڡ
ʱȫƿأĿ, Ƶĸокǿҵĸо
ǧע⵽Լϵ£ȷƶҲܸ, ǹĿʽ
ǧվھйݵ, ȻûȫƤͷĳ̶ȴԿ߹ǡ
£û㹻ȥ֧صơ
ǧ´·ϲų¼䡣
Աǧ֮˿ǿ¼ںǵǡ
ѡ档ģ̌˵Աȥ鿴Ļᣬȫá
õġԱ۾һ¼۸񲻷ƣˣ
ǧ㽫Ŀ⿴Ѿָ˺ܶ࣬Ǵʱ˸ʼǲϿķĴƯƣÿֻҪǧ֮ʱɫͻ켸֣ѭ
ǧ۾ƣһţȴûзꡣ
ǧߣڵ֪۸ʱޱȣǰЦӯӯĵԱʱʱı־΢ЦȫħЦݡ
ҪĵԱһʼ˵۸񣬺ҿ˵ƲҵôһСֱ֣ƭߡΣǳ°װС£߶߶˵û꣬ҿ˿¸ûôģƼʱ϶ƼģڵĵûĵҿǮ𣿡
ǧ۾ĺƣˣȫûٿ˵˵ÿһ仰ȴһһظˡ
ɫȹӣǵƵֵ󣬲ֻһΡ
Ҫ˵ģǸǸɫģһ۾Ϳǵ˼άҲȤ
߸߸ЬڵϷ˵ǧȻúܴߡ
ֻΪʲô˵ˡ
ǧ΢΢üϰôոҪ۾ȻǶȴһ˿㣬оϵ׵Ŀӡ
ǧüͷ滺Ϊ˯
ձˣº͵£еģͬë
ݡĴһ۵ͷżεСԹۻ˰ɣҪŽأµʲôʱܹء
ǧ΢岻ԾķˣһֱάղԾů¿ȥ
ǧ˳ͣµϳеΡΡȻҲˡ
ҪҪȥأ˾˵
СҪ𣿡˾ʵ
һЩֱܰ˱һ㡣
ҪĲֱȫСȤĻҿԸһࡣʵ˾һһ۵Ļش
ûлش𣬷ǧĿϡ
ǧû۾ڶԻˣҲ޷ֱʱ֮Уʲô
ˡͻȻķ÷ǧĪĸоֲá
Ϊʲôˡ
ǧĵս
ϲǧɹɫԵ־壬㣨+2
ϲǧɡ˽ͥ㣨+20
ǧԵ¡֮ĸָһأϲɺأ㣨+4
ڱǧ̬ãδʧܴΪ㣬Ϊǧõ̬ȣش˽㣨+5
ǧϵͳһܽᣬһõ൱㣬һֵÿĵ¡
ɲ֪ΪΡ
Ϊ˯֮¶ζ̬ȣܲ
ӿˣǧܵǰ
ǧҪ۾ǵܲϲֻҪڳͻֽ겻ͽ֣ĳּһ
ڴ֮ǰů
ǧ΢ɣΪӦΪԿͼðȫУ֪ԼѰͺá
Ȼȴ֣ǧԴ΢Լļ
ǧԴļϣһ̣ǧԼסˡ
ѰҰοΪ˯
ǧζӳ£Ҳ͸
·Ǳĺǻš
·ȴûиĺôǧ֪Ҫʲô
ǧԵǲǷǳأԵ֮໥ǿԻöԷøжȴӶ˫Ŷ񷢲͸Եǵɹ㣨ʧܣ㣨
ǧ˿ǻ롣
лǧĿ佱
ǧɹϵͳ˻
ɷϣһβΣڣǰǰչˣʱʱ̵̿Ĺעǵദ֮Լʶһȫһ
ǧδĽӴ
ǧ΢۾ЩĽëڵһߵҰûκ˷֡
Ϊĵⴹ䣬ڵס˷ǧգɨյĴЩ
ڷǧʶҪ֮ʱ˱һ
֣΢ÿϷķ˿Ƶ󣬶ʱǧҲĴָӡµѪۡ
֣ϣճȭֱͷܿĺۼӵĿ˷ǧͷʲôһģǳĽ
ǧգ۾˫ۡ
һΣķ˳ߡ

С㱨깤ע⵽ǧǰʱ俴ȥҪ˺ܶɫȷǲǴǧľƺ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
ǧͷϣ˼֮ʱָһûһΣС֪࣬һǷǧҪ˵Ҫµǰࡣ
б𣿡ǧʵ
Сһ㶣ΪʲôԽԽĻ˷ǧĹעûУʱǳӼ֮ǰĺ鲢ûκϵ
𣿡ǧ۾ûйڳ߳Ϣ𣿡
ûС
ǧһ򲻻ѯʹ£֮ǰȴѾֹ̽һˡ
Ǿ͵͵ıʲô𣿡С
ǧĿָһûһµϣ뵽
ǧ㻺˵ȥռϣ˵ĶԻ˶ۣ̽һ£ϲЩʲô
Сͷ۾͸⣺ôܣǷҪֱӿԱֵأ
ǧ㣺


40 
ǧһСĻشͷƤ, ϵͳҪ޷ɵˣ˽С, СǸִܹҼԸ
ϵͳһ漰СִƢԺͲôԻ·ɡ
ùϵͳû
յǧʷӵСųСԴסͷԡȨԵӽĶǧӦеȨ
ǧ㣺
ϵͳ˼ǣᷢǲǿΪԴסԵĹ׼ܻ㣿
ǧֱЦá
ü, ûҪκ˵뷨ֻС˼άʽ÷ǧڷʡԼκСġ
ʱûҪס˼ǧ֣һ½ͣΪʽЩת䣬Ҫ֪תԭ򡣡
, ҵĿ, ȫûбҪȥ̽ΪʽСǰ, ѹ, һıߵıʿ״кתҳ, ųڲ֮ˣĿǰѾ㹻, ӱһֻ֮Ҫеȫж, ֮飬һоͶܹ׵
ǧüͷ΢壬Сһֱĵ֣˲ɣǧҲû
ãΪ˽ˮжԼһһը
ȻܵӰ죬СҲһԵʹˡ

ʲô仯𣿡ǧֱ˵˵ͨ
ڽֺԸȥֱװʵ˼˾ٱȻ֮⣬ȴû취˼άһֱźܻܿỵ¡
˵ĲС躹ޣ߰ȳ²֣
ǰԼȷǴûʲôõۡ
ûвǧ̾Ϣ״һ
ܡСг˲ͬ⣬ǧܴ⣬ϾǵҪ
ͻȻ֮䣬ļͻȻٴγǰǧ۾
ʱǧųλ֮ȫ˾¾ﱸµĿ칦֮ȥȴͻ
ǧ岻ܵκδ̼һγҽβΣ֪ͨǿͦĿҲ㱻ת֡
º̽ŷֺйϵȻûֱ֤֤ģȴҲͬû֤֤ġ
̳ϣУһ竣ò
⵽ǧԵģΪԵλӦñԶԶԷ໥Ρȫ綼ҲᡯȫҽԨȫΪСŰǧٱɴ˼άģʽֶǧ㷢棺̾ԵĻ̬򽫶гͷȫٷְʹ
ǧ۾
ϵͳʲô֪ν
ǧ㵱Ȼ֪ʱĴδνӴ˵˼ˣ˵Ūת
ȻΪڵǸ͡ġ
ϵͳ⵽ǧĻڹ֮⣬ǧ׷̬ȣ²Ϊ
ǧüݺݵ΢˿
⹷ϵͳ
ǧҲע⵽СϵͳǿҵķӦ
Сǲǧʵ
ģСˡ
УԲᣬӦòڵ̶ֳȡ
Ҳ˽Ҹ˵ĽǶ޷еģ֮ԶΪӰܡС˵šüͷҿЩӰȽϸ档
ǧüһ棿
С̧Ĵ࣬ѶϣҶΪȷΣ·̫
ǧĬˡ
Ӱˣ
ǧ۾С
˾ûرҪ¡ǧ۾ҸһµĹ˽ϲá
Сգ۾󣬵ͷӦˡ
ǧ뿿ϣԼδǿ˼·ҲеҪΪ
ϲʲô
С룺ϲ·ϲͷӣ鱦εһи߼ֵĶ
ǧ㣺Ѿ
֮⡭С˼һ£ǱȽƫÿԡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ռ䰲
СҲˣǸɴ졣
ǧıƽȴӲô˵ǣ
ĿǰΪֹнӴĺ鶼һǳԵص㣬ǺÿСޱ˵½Ҳͼ£ܾˣ½ܵʱԽˡ
½ܣǸȽϷֵˣơƶǴָ첲ִȣȻ㲻ϳªȴ壬۾ܻǲҶƫһЩɫЦ
¡ǧ۾ǵС㱨¡
һ˲䣬ǧֻһ޷ŭƴ
һʱ̫ˡǧ˿˿Ʊڣǣ̫˽Լˣ۾ʱ˽ʱ䣬ˡ
ǲϵĳЩˡ
ǲǵȷӦðС飬ĳЩˡ

ſҵĴϣͻȻһԾ𣬾
ոһ˲úڱһ˫۾Ķţŵһ亹
ʲôûС
ſ˴ϡ
ݺݵ˸ϰԵĴֻϵ칤߿û
žͿ˺ܶϢ
ȻĽϺãԹ𣻽Ѿ뿪ˣҴίҹ
һֻǴ򹤱۸ˣúͱƭƭڰѹȥڹһ
˸Ϣ͡
̻лл㣻Ϊһ͵ģнʲô£ԺһΪ
ǿϢľԸǺõĲˡ
Ӳ̫ʹ
֮⣬ϢȸոյĴʱûôܾⶼԭϢ޹أûе㿪
пԭǸԸϵѾȻͦġ
Լǰô¹ѣϢϷƵµۺۺ͵ޡ
ûôϷˡ
ΪҪʱʱ̿עŷǧ壬һϷûһլ˵ʵЩԲϰӡ
ھһֻ
ԭķﲻ֪ôԶûС
˵Ǹ͵Ϸˡ
ôǮ
򼸸ϷӦþˮ
ǲ֪ϷϷԭһһϿ׸оǲ㣬ûֱʵһ¡
õʾ
Ҳɻȱ
ͻȻԭһעǡԡˣͷǸԺճӰӣǸĵԡ
ǲԵİûʵꣿ
㣬UԽԽ»ˣִģʱڽء
㣬½¿رҪҪأ
㣬֮ǰܵĶ̫лˣ½һ߶˻ſ϶˳֣ҸˣͶرƯΪл͸п𣿡
һԻ
˵ʲôģ


41 
ֻϵĵԱע, ²ⲻô˵ԭǹ˾һԱ˾ɹԵȵ豸һĺ, ҿôҲǺһġ
˺ð£˷Ϣ൱翴ȥǸǳŬԼĶḶ́ǺԭʶҲ̫ϤĻǿʡ
ϢãϷ
̵ԾͻظϢٶȿľͺרڶֻһ㣺Ǻþò˰
̫˼ɣֱʵϷĿǰ¿
Ȼ趨̫һԱ⼸Ѿڿʱ͵͵ϺܻӭĸϷ̣˲ٹ
ȻĬһ, ֮һֵĻҪµĿأ
סˣ趨Ϊʲô»Ҫ£²һϷһ
˼ȥֶȻԼȥһ±Ƚ׵ʵǵŵʲôطȥ
Է̻Ļش𣺺, Ҹλ, ʱûظϢʹ绰
һϢַ͵绰, ܸ˵, Ȼһ׬ǮϷҲװ

ǧϢȴͻȻյһСĿնţĴԼһֱ, 氲һļļдšrc¶򡯡
ǧһԺܸߵˣԾԼܽûз, ļӼڶûͣ
ЩһֱСڽд
ĹϢ϶ŷǧһƬܲ, Լսܡ
ǧҲ֪ЩϢСԻȴҲ͡
ϵͳƵĲòȥκʱҪ˱ѡ
ǧϢ֮ʵ㲻Ϻãո˵Ҫһɻʱ䣬ôȲˡ
һ뵽С˵ƫòϳ˵ԣǧ;ԼĿڶµǲ鷢
˼ǧ㿴ˡԡ˺ŵıʹϢָҪֻĻ
ԡԵģһһԱרΪŮԹ˿ṩĳЩѡ
ǰϵΣͨΪˡ£һЩܹΪŮԣԡ˲ٵġԴڡ񡯡
ǧ㲢ûֹҲͨȥЩϺﵽ׶һʲôС
ǰټû뵽Ȼ˳
ǧеֻۡ
⵽ǧ˼ά״̬װǧ㰡ǷΪԵȻȥѰ˶أǷԵǷбأ񷢲ۼΪʵǧ͵͵Եȥ˽ɣɣ㣨+10ʧܣ㣨-20
ǧֻ˳ˡ
ֻͨСѰϲãȴû뵽ܰʯͷԼĽš
ٺΣϵͳ׽顣
ǧعԼһͲħڹ̳ƴΣĺ
ʱԼ϶ûԼгһվȻܲ롮׽顯ûκκôֻж¡
-壬ȥ׽Щѡ-ʾͺܲܳʱߣһֱΣ׽Ҫأģ̫Ŀ
⵽ǧύ룬ϵͳȷڸ⣬Ϊǧṩɽ
һǧɲܳͷ
񣬵һдһɷ
һϵͳ-ͨģϵͳ߿ǧԵһ׷Χ-״죩99%ۼ㣨5עڼκ˶ϳǧݣʱЧΪ󡣡
ǧһ˲䣬һС
ʲô
ͨ͡һ
ǧԼķڣԭһֱڶߴֹͣʧˡ
ǧеȻһ飬֮бŷǹһ貵ϲ
ѡǧԼڲȻʮֲȷظѡҪһߡ
ϵͳܰʾڴڡͨˡ-彡״̬֮£ʹͨģᵽʹѸٽƣֵȫ˵-״̬һͨģջأܻʹɾ޴ӶĿǰ״̬޷͵ʹ࣬ǷѾ׼
ǣǧûκԥ˵
ǧǷȷϿ۳5㹺ͨģ
ǣǧ㼸ѾȲ
ǧѾͨģ⵽ԵǧһڣͨģԶװǧ㣬Ŭɣ
һ˲䣬ǧܵģⱲӶû
ǧȴĶκʱҪӯ-ȫë׾ٵľͿж
վûдӹͷ͹ؽڴŵĽʹûʱʱ̶̿ڽֹͣļ⣬ûжߵû޷Ƶѣ
ʲôûС
磬쳣
ǡûвʹĸо𣿡ǧԡңÿһ·ڸڵǽ
ȥ䣬оһжոպõװޣѾȫͰһأھû˵͹Լ
ǧ֣һս
ԭһͨˡ
˵á
һֱ׷ģһֱŬķ
ǧ˫-ȣСûʹѹһ˲һǿƵķǧ㶼̲ס˼Ҫĳ嶯
Ȼϵͳʾûʲôӵйʧȥʹࡣ
ɼˣҲޱҪһζ
ͻȻ֮ǧգ˫ۣͻȻǽ档
Ǹķ䡣
ǧ򴽽ǣ¹·
ǧ㿴žԼһ˲䣬ȻԼֵĳ嶯
ļǵҪǲܱϳбȻҲ
ǧŲӣϲȴ޷ǼȻ
ˡ
ǧҲ˳ȥ
һôϲһһĸһߡ
һǰһ󣬷ǧ㱣һľţȴһ̶ûд뿪
վŵĽǶȺúõĹ۲
ƽʱվҪסԼζѾ߾ȫ
·ƣȽ⣬һһǳģҲȲʵһ˳˶һȵڱĵ·ϡ
ǧͻȻԭȻǺ
Ȼ
ƽʱԼ˫˫Ⲣļϱţ·ߵŤ˲ȵһģȵչģ
Ըչ
ڴʱεô΢÷ǧ˼ʾ
ûҪͷһ۵Ĵ㣬Χһж޷
޷ģ˵һ˻Ӧô졣
ȵȡǧͻȻӦʲô
޷
ûǴĻһγȥҵˣǿԺ޷İɣ
Ȼ̹Ȼȥ
һ˲䱾Ϊõ˽鿨ȸԾޱȵֱӵ˹ȵס


42 
Ŷ·, ŵĲ֣ʱĸ豸
Ϸ, һõĻһܺܺõϷԼܳչ죬һѷǳʺϷĵ羺ΣЩȫҪȥġ
ǰǮ̫ݳ޵豸ѡȫڿôĴʱǶЩԼһֱߵĸ߶豸ˡ
Ϸչԭ, ǽ˵ʱıֻһbug
˺͡ԡԼĵصʱһ±Ƶժ˶
ɻĴ
ò׵˵طȴоԼǲǱƭˡ
ԡӦָͬ豸ôӦǺܴĵ档
￴ȥ, е̳һĵط
ڵĵص㲢еĸ¥, ¥, ǸߵС, вټҵ棬ǿ൱Ħ֮ƣ̶̼·ѾҾƵꡣ
, ܿóڴͣŵĳ۸񲻷ƣͣ˹
⵽ʲôط
ǰյﹲģȳһĺҲ˿ں, ôʱĹ
ٴο˿û۾, һֻ
ˡ
绰ˡ
һȦ·ûʲôɴֱӽгһת뿪
ûǴĻԶӦһӿƼǣһвٺö
ոհгתͻȻһˡ
˵ǿһˣ·ʱ򣬸ոպÿһ⳵ĸʻϣһʶĶ࿴۵ˡ
ǸǸŮԣž޴īڵ˰ûбڵİκ˶Ҫ𪼸֡
ͷ߸𣬴һ̫ñ΢΢ͷ˿ò
ĽǶܿŴŰɫĳ䣬뿿ڳ΢΢ڵһգܿӶԷ¶ı˶ҪΪϸݵ
ǧ㡣
ҡҡͷǧǲܳģô⳵أ
ûж룬Ƕ࿴һ۾ѸٲŹˡ
òﵽҵ֮˿ۡ
һ鲻ǵӿƼǣԱ߻йĺгֵĵطˣԼһ裬˸ʱ̱
̫ˣ˫ȶҪˡ
Сʱг̫ˣԼ˫ȶڴôȵһʪ͸·ñص˷ɹȴɹĴͨ죬·ϵʱصĵطߵġ
֪ҵıжƫԶȻǲͨڳбرҪǼʦߴĸ˼Ұ
ݺݵһĹ衣
һ
̫ˬˡ
ȴ·ˣվѸٵĳĵӿƼǡ
ͬʱĲԶϸݸߵŮжһͬ衣
ڵ豸ڿļ۸ȫļ۸ʱ򣬼ֱĻŭţһǮģе
ڵ֮⣬ǧ㼸Ѿվ
ʼնûз
ǧı飬ҲΪӡ
ǧ뿪˱ȴûѡ˹
͡ԡԼĵص룬Ҫ乲һСʱ֮ãѵҪô̫֮£ﹲط
ǧһʱ֮Լǲˣ˻ȥﹲ
һ棬ȻԼڽֽţҲгǡ

̫ܲ˰˺Ҫ˵ﹲˡ
ǧûһ˳ŹҲһ⳵
˾һֱͼ˵ɷǧһֱûлظеĿȫǸﵥϡ
żͣһֻǧָ߬²ǲϵԡ
гʼûлعͷΧһж޷ǲηκ˵ĸһ㡣
ǧ̲סҧأŬԼ侲
Ȼǡȥ˻
ʱ򣬷ǧپᣬԼ޴ˣѾϵʵҪκη
ǧ㿴гͣ˻ſڣһ˲еŭһӣǧ㼸Ҫֱ³ȥԼýȥúõ֪һԼݡ
ȻڴʱڻӦŭһ㣬ͻȻͷһۣһ÷ǧŭжݵͣ͡
ǱϷˣˣ
Ȼ֮ʱһɨżֺ棬ȴƿ¿һ㣬ǧ㲢ûд֮ҵκɵ㡣
ĺֻӣҺԥľƿ
ϳȴװ޷Ļˡ
Ȼûзһ֣ݵĽͻᱻᣬڣܽ
ǧĿɫģһֱǰгɫް
ͣһ̳ǡ
һֵϡ
ǧûз֡
ǾζڣǧüѺȵζܱǰǲôȵġ
󣬺һϡ
ǧ˵ǰ׵ľ룬ֻ׵ľ룬ûз֡
ľˣǧЩ̡
̣ͻȻһȥת
ǧĺܽ͵ԱȫУŵԱ۾ﶼģǶԵԱеĸָĶڴ
ƭ˵ġ
ȰĳֶʱŻе
ǧ㿴۶ڴǵ۾ԿóЩϲĳĿ֮С
ȥһҵ꣬Ŀ˸ոͣ˰СʱϷϣóǷǳҪˡ
Ļһܸ˰ɡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ǧŷӦһ뵽ĲӦ񣬶Ҳ͸ˡ
ڴԼһڡ׽顯
ǧ΢΢򴽣׽飬ںһһ۶ϲ֮һĹ֡
ǧеֽ˸ڵһҵ꣬ûСʱֳˡ
ǸŮ˰ػعˣҲû˵Ҫʲôô²ĸڷǧ뿪֮ʱͻȻ˵
СǸŮģÿζȿƷٿǮȻƷľԤ֮ڵģ㿴Щʱ񣬶˲е񡣡
Ӧ֮ǰ˹εģѡĶϺеľƥ豸תתƵģǶԺܶණһ֪⣬϶Ǹ֡
һ͸Щ豸ȷãҪ׷飬Ͳܹ⿴䣬϶ԽܵԽã̫࣬ġ
Ϲļ۸ǶǾۣǿԸۿۣһҪΪõ˼ô۹Ᵽ׼٣
ǧĽŲͣī֮µ˫˿˿Ƶƶϡ
عͷ̸Цĵ
ЩϲΣ˵޷Ρ
óʵҪЩ˵ȻҲó
ϲãЩ˿档
ûд
ֻǷǧ㲻ñˣӡ


43 
ķ¶, һЧ̫ˣֵʱ·ֵ, ϻصκϸڶֱܹı
۸ҲȷǺǶĴ˵ȫǴ´డ
˼ȦѾԼ빺豸˳룬ηöѾ˿ǣҪԤԼµˣڴ֮ǰ
ĿͣԼոչһϣƺ˼, ӯСֲ׵䣬۸ȽϸߵܺãЧҲѣ͸ˡ
һССĶ΢΢, ˼ڴ֮ɫ
Ȼŵʱ, ȴִʱڸڵĵΧһȦ, ոȥʱûô˰ѵ½ʲôر˼豸
ӵȺ߶߶Ķ˵Щʲô, żҪʲôʱԱһż̲Լͬ飺ô°Ϊʲô
˿۸Աأɾ, ǲ֪Ǹ˿ƿˣ䳰ȷľͷǾ, Ա߿ọ̈̄ľǿǵԱɫһһ˵ġ̰Եв˿˹ȥ, 
զ۸˰̲ʡ
ǹ˿Աڱ˿ͣ˵˼ԩͷ͵Աˡ
˻ǵԱ԰¶κһ˶ﲻɣǮڱƱơ
԰Ȼʱ˵˾Ͳ⣬ʱҪˣȻһرţķתҸ˵ûôʵ¶
ʱĶҲ߸ȫĵעǼ˵ĶԻ֮ȼա
˵̲̲סߴ١
Ҳ͵͵ߴ١
ȻǸ˿ʹ˸绰˵ֱӴŵϲ˾Ȼܿ͸ߴ˵绰˵Ҫˡ
ԲۣйϵİѹôӲ̲̲ס졣
ֵǴ˵绰֮Ǹ˿͵ɫͻȻر𲻺ãʹӣҲҶҪҪ绰ҽԺܾˣҲ֪ôģڵŵܹ˾
գգ۾
ʹӣ
Ȼ棬ȴ£˾ʹ뿪Īľͣ˽Ų
ͻȻ뿴Ǹ˵йϵĺŵĹ˿ͣǸʲôӵˡ
ϾҲǶϷңЩ˺Լ뷨Ȼһһ֪ҲǸĽһ˽ϷгĶ
Щ˵˵һ䶼ûϣҲᱻ˺Ƶĸо
ҲǳԼͷһڶˡ
Ѿ˼ҵ˿λ˽ȥһǴʱվԭϻֵ֮̿ǰľ֮ɫȫȻʧξִٵվ
Ŀ͵͵ѰţͻȻڽ﹩·ϢϿһϤġġɫҰ׵ˡ
Ȼ˫ۡ
ǧ㣿
ǧ㰲Ϣϣ󱳿ӣȥ֧ŵĺѣֱߵķѾժñīĺ٣ÿһκƺڰ͵ʹ
Ժ˲뵽˽ų⳵ԼǸͷǧӰŮˣԡǴ
ǧʱע⵽ʲô̧˫ۣ˫ͻȻ׼ķ
֮ʱɫͻȻ˼˿ĳ죬˵ʲôȴѾûκȥ֧˵ˡ
˼һ£ͻȻƿߵˣԼǲǺûòֱӳ嵽˷ǧԱߣǧ㣬ǧ㣬ôȥҽԺòã
ƽʱķǧһǺƽģ˶֪ƽ֮˶ʹģĪѾʹˣ
ڷǧǰ̧ͷȥŵͷĳѾɢһߵļͷѾгĺۼֽͷſɢܻһЩ
ǧ㿴ĶΪСϸϸܵһһֻжµܿ
ǧҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪ôˣǧ˵ãǾĲãľԼЦ
Χ߶߶Ķʱװ˽ƿΧ۵Ⱥڿ첽ǵķΪ׵һǫǸĶŷǧ㡣
ܣĺܱǸ֪ˣѾ鿴ˣŵеˣûüѵܾ˵㣬ˡ꿴ȥʮ꣬Ƚϸ̬ɤͳѹ˼ӣҽܣƬһڹϲĿҪܸϹһ㹻Ļ
Է˵˺ܶ࣬Ҫͨ˵öǧ㹻أԿǧüͷ
ΧӵĻĴ˺Ŀ⣬ੲݵĵǸľʱЩӵϤĵ
˷ǧ㡣
ûΡ
û˾
ҲûС
ͻȻ䣬ʲô
ԼոչĽֻ
ǧƺ΢ָЩ̧ۿԼˣ׼¶һЦݣû˵ֽеĶס˷ǧ˫
öԼֻҹİ
ҹõĸƽĵ
ǵãҽԺڷǧңʱʱ̶̿еĸָļһֱͣĸ
˰ġ
ֻһѡ
оǧ˫Щģ˫ָĶ䣬һһĽů
ӵ磬ȴ÷ǧѾ𽥵ƽˡ
ǸǡʱƬ·ע⵽
عͷͻȻվ˵Ƿǧİ£ã
ԷȻҲͷ̴к
Ŀ⿴ǸϤĺԼĵԱ˵ǵĵԱƷʱкܶʵĳɷ֣ûȷһƷȱѣǿƼֵƷңͼòõŻҸ߼±۵ƷһҵδķչϹ˿͵ܲãҡɫ۾
Էһǫĵͷһչ˵ǸȴûȥЩ˶˵ʲô
ЩǿŽһСûպڣҰڲ̫Ҫߡ
ǿӲɫȻʵһôʢˣǺٻĻŵúܡ
ǻͷԼһ䣬ٶ˵ʲôȿ޵ĸԿ϶¶ӵġ
Ըɴľɫ˫ڱһơ
·ǧ㲻ӣô֮ͥ²û뵽ǧȴſɴȫѹϡ
˱ٵ뿪ĴǷӵĵط
Ǹл죬ôϲ˶ЬҴ߸Ь߲ôɵġ̲ס૵˵㣬ûʲôٰԼ۵ֱܽ㣬ð
߶߶ûûˡ
ҾͳſϷڸֱҲͺֱӸ綨λʵʱƬô𣿡
\"Ҹ㱣ܣԺɱɵˡ\"
֪ԼĻŶķǧҲֻţҪıԹûǸӵġ
ʱǧ۾ķ˿֮䣬ʹ֮⣬ҲЩʲô


44 
ǧݵĽ, Լݱ֪֮󣬹ĵѸʧЧ
ͬϵͳҸһԼѾϰߵʹӿ, ӽص˲仯޷֧Լ-壬һԵϡ
ʹ࣬˲ʴ÷ǧһʱ֮޷ܣȫĶڵֵʹࡣ
Χ߶߶ͬһ˷޷רע޷ȴûߵס졣
ͻȻʹģ̧ͷ
Լ˵ʲôȴ޷ֱ档
ɢҵķ˿ͻȻڵ˴˷ߣȻ󡭡
ӵȫдڵ, ͷѵʹо˶⡣
ˣð
ǧ˫ۣԼӦʹڸܹĽ֮ʹֱĥ˵ǡ
ԭƽʱ, ôʹ
ʹ𽥱Ӧ, ǧ֮, ϶ʲô
е֮, ֻԽĻĶС
ܾöʢ˵ˡ
һжǻģ
𣿡ǰ, ɫ·ճ-һҲ˰ȫС
ǡ
˫§סʣµ˵ĲǧԼиеⲢļ, ߵĲ죬ȴ, ڳſյĴ¥֮˵໥ŵѸµ˿ʼ¶ȸߵֱۡ
߶߶˵ʲô
ǧҪժ

·һƬ֮µĳϣ˷ֿǧŸоԭԼؿڱĺ̵ǿң΢͸·ȴɴһ˿
ģ̌ͷժһߵĶ˵¡
ǧû˵ֻǰĿ
ȴ񲢲ҪĻشҪģֻԼˡ
ȥ㶫Ҳ̫Զϣȵϵʱ򣬾һˡ
ǧŶеİ뿪ķ
Ȼֹͣˡ
ԭΪ˲䴫еȴûУûд϶һ߶䣬˷Ҷɳɳƽ
żг·ȴҲͬǴ뵽һƬ֮еĺг
ǧԭأһ˿֮⡣
ݵĽΪΪѸٵ뿪Լ»عʹ༸׻ܣȴֹڼž
ǧת۹ȥȵ֮±ܹ
̫ɹͨ죬Ϊܺ䤱ȥòǱ
ţǧȴܷϣܺÿ
ʪģϸĵΪָÿһ
𣿡ʵ
ǧ㴹˶ָʹԼ-Ŀƣֻжȴѡ
̧𣿡ǧ㱾Ҫ̧ȴûм̧ͷɵĿ²ôʵ⡣
һƿȪˮߣĿסĲιһ㣬ܺúʶ𣿡
ˮǧ΢΢һ򴽰꣬ĴЩ
ǧ΢΢ͷƿڵĴ֮ʱǧܸоᣬĲţ΢΢Ҳ÷ȴˮһһĽĿУһʼһ㣬΢΢࣬ܺõİѿ
ǧһ-ƺǻָһЩʸС
Ȫˮźãڷǧǰ˫-ȡ
ǧ˫-Ϊ޷ߺͳεԵʣΪ˷ֹήҪһεĽа-ĦƺһʼѾѧˡ
İ-Ħǧ㿴ߵʱһ򻰲ࡣ
ܹҪٽľ֪ʲôҪʲô
һֱУһġ
ǧ㴹
ؿ޷εС
ϵ͡ϸ塢ʡ
ڵһӡһ㡣
Ҳġһ߰-ĦĿⶨڷǧָϣһһĺԲģǰ£һŬܺõİµġ
ǧ㰲Ŀ
˫ۡ
ǻȥˣŻȥģ뵽ʱŮܼҲһ𾪣û֪ȥ
ŮܼһúõѵһǧһԵϰĿѵ
վԭ˫ڸһµϴ̵ܽģ
òˣһʧı£ģ֣̌ġ
ҡ֣øңǸġ
ǧգ۾
˯ҲԴСɲ׵ƣϾЩ˯žͿá˵еİװͺӵһ˷ǧϣ˵飬ҡȥˣҡرȥϴּ䣡
ǧĿ⿴ķ·й׷һȥԼķ䣬ָûһλ˲ģʽתȥ鷿
ǧ˸绰С
ܡСʽƽߴӵ绰
ڿһϷ䣬ʵ豸ܵռȫϷ࣬ʹõģ豸ҪߵûԤ㣬ýǮڰס
ǷҪϷ𣿡СʵͶֲҵĿ𣿡
ǧָϻ
һУҪȥơ
ǧ֪Լ˵ĸСԻ󣬿ڵķǧȴһʼųˡ
СƬ̺󣬲˵õģܡ
ǧҶ˵绰ϣԺȫǰʱ˵Ļ
˵лˡ
Բȥκ˵ȴܵĻȥ׽ÿһ仰
ʱ̫
ǧ·ܹܵΪƣȵĳغϢȵϸڡ
ܺõİ¡

ʧ𣿡ǧͻȻʵ
ϵͳΪǧ㱾񡣡
ϲǧɡۼΪʵ㣨
ϲǧɹռͼˮͼ¼ʱ鿴
ϲǧõߡ
ǧ㿪ڣͼ
һżͼ˷ǧǰʱ䱻һĻҫҶķ϶߲˵ϣĳ΢΢ڵסԼǧȴ׵ʱԼʱжרע
֮£ϸķ˿ҫ͸ıǼ⻹Ϊ˶ֵϸϸĺ飬Сɿɰ˸ŵ㾧Ө
Ӧ˵ʱ򶨸ģ糺죬Щ˼Ľ̬Ϊ͵͵¶һСߣĻû֮
һ̵ȴ÷ǧԺ޷ƵĲĳֹĳ嶯
ĳ嶯δй
̬ǲûκβԸĳе˸ȫǶԼӣİ˫-ȣֶĴڲࡣ
Ϊǰ˽-塣
Լʹ࣬ܵͷ
Ϊߣܵ˰
治ģȻΪ
һС
˵
죬İ¡
ǧһעһŲûκζͼ
ȴĵӿһ嶯-Ҫʲô÷ǧ㱧ס˫磬£˫-ȣİȣʴ
ȡһеļȴĿ顣
ϲǧ㣬ɹᵽһΣأ嶯ϲɺء


45 
÷ǧе֡
ûʱ, Էֱ鷿Եġ
ȥ鷿ſڵţǧ㿪ų, ˫ۡ
˵ʲôĿ治ɫķܾȻֱŤͷ»ص鷿Ĺԭء
㯡
ոշܿкܴı仯֮档
Լ϶ǿˡ
ǧΪٲǾɵˡ
ǲʲô÷ǧ飬ȻŮܼߣ÷Ļ𣿡
˲ίͰ͵ģǰֲģ֪ǲʲô
ҲҶˣоʾԼȥ󳰷
͸ǧһ˰ѵ
ԽԽпܣ˻ĶǶԷ϶ΪԼǹ, ᲻
ٸһ͵Ļᡣ
Ҫҷǧ㡣
һϵϷǰϷչʵˣҲͬѡԼǵ豸ͷǧһ¿ɲԸԼķ䡣
ķܴɳʮ棬ֻЩȫʹùĿյرԼרϷҡ
Ȼɳ, ɳϴϷҲǱһζ
ϾǷǧķ, Ҫǧӵ, ô˵ӦҪ
Էǧ, ĺܽġ
ĳ𣬰СӰ뿿˷ǧűߵŷǧ˯ѿţȻרϰ˳˵, ѡǸ͡롯ѹҵ鷿ľ˵ʱ䡣
Ȼҹèôô𻹲ŵֱӿǽ˯ˡ
ﶼԼԼеңǰ붼Ϸ, ̲סɵЦ
￪ĵ³ͻȻһֱƵĿ˲-彩Ӳ, ͬļҳڱϷһС
еϷֱˣŵȥֱãȻ۾õʲôֱֻ
ͬʱԱߵΣ̧ͷϵǷǧҲЩ㶵
ҲЩ±ơ
ǡ⡭˵ʲôȴǧɫȻһ䣬ֱںû˵
ǧɫģм֡졯

ʲôû˵ء
ΪʲôҪ졣
ǧĺӡ
ȻǧǷӦʲôһ̧ͷһۣ临ӣйȫ
Ȼǧȴü䣺û¡
ŷǧתˣҲЩ֪룬֪òøȥΪǧȥĺܲ˵ӡ
ѵˣ˷ǧ㣿
硣
¥ʱ򿴵СʱˣĿһ۴ʱһһֵȥһոװһķȥĹˣɻʵʲô𣿡
ͿСװ޹ˣװĳ䣬ר˹ͷĵ绰ҲԺõԼװңʱǹͷԼҲͦζġ
ʱСҲζ
û£ʲôûʡ
ƣôһҹ֮˶أ
СԴżͬţŲһĻص䣬촽һߣʲôô֪ʲô
װһϷң
Сѯʷǧ㣬ǧҪĻװ޺ܻܿкܴ죬ʷǧҪҪɴ໻Զһȥ
ȻĿŷǧ㣬һ
С
ǧʲôʱԸίԼھȻΪ˸׼һϷˣֱˢСԷǧ֪
С๤졣
ҹϹһ֮ȫװɵķ䣬Ѿ°˸ָ豸Ҳڵڶȫɣü۸񲻷ƣκһϸڶĽϷҡ
Сȥ˷ǧİ칫ңܣϷѾ׼ˣҪ𣿡
ǧ㰲ϣһСΪʲôǧҪ̾
˶ߣȥвϲĵطȫ޸ġǧ͸żֲΡ
С뿪ʱ򣬶Էǧ̬ɺܲˣоҪһϲģ׼ϲ֮ʱĿġ
СԼԽԽ͸ǧˣǲҪˣҲһˡ
Сȥš
ŵʱͰ͵ġ
ϻһֵ˯ȹ
˯ȹɣ޴˯ȹֱȫȫֲκΪߣȥûκεķȿԣֻϺ
С۾װ˲塣
ǡ
ȴһζ˺øС
ɺܼ򵥡
һͬ˯¡
һ¡СѵõһЩ
סˣһ㯺;ֵĿ
ʲô𣿡
Сǲġ
ûССش
ɲʲôûУȻСôܻԼ
ǲʲôرֵŭ˷ǧڷǧʹСԼһ˶ϣ
λϷݻûָסĵطѾʼҪ
ܲܣȸҸʾʲôġо˫-ȶˣſǻи׼
СһԲǰߣݳĬ޳ܲһȥ·
ӳȥʱһ㡣
С仰û˵ֱӽ˸ոɵķǰ
ͷһ˰
һƲ
ޡ
Сš
еĿⶼȻֹ
۾
·ʳʧḶ́˫ͺܴ۾ɵͬԲ°С
ʲô
ǲΣ
𾪣ڲʲôõξԶҪ
쿴ߵϷ
ɫʶطһµϷ
һԿϢɳ
߶ʺĵ羺Σ
ڶһʴĸ߶豸
Ҫȥ
Ѿȫ޷Լĵ𾪣һֻץСһָֻϷ
ͷ˺öζǰһжġ
ûϢӣС̿һ˵ЩǷΪ׼
ۿˡ
Դ˫׳ȥ֮һжֻܿԼǹһ̨ϷҪʡԼúܾúܾãİãҲľʳ
ûû˰еһжֻܿԼŬѾû˻ϲʲôҪʲôˡ
ûȻһ죬Ȼܵõص
޷Ƶĸжɬһӿͷû̳嵽Ϸȥλ豸תŷǧķȥ
Ь谭ĲɴߵЬŽȥ
Ȳġ
Ҫǧһĸл
ǧոմ鷿г̧۾Ϳ˫-Ⱥͽף˫Űµ˯ȹһˮɱ
ǧͷƤһ飬̲Ҫص鷿
ϲǧɹɡ͸ǵ㣨
ֻǷǧ㯵һ˲ĿյѾԣԶ˫Ȳ˷ǧϣ¶ֱѹ˷ǧϡ
ǧͫ׷Ŵ
ͬʱ
ա


46 
ǧ㻹û˵𾪵ʵл, ͻȻ˫סգů˫, ǧͻȻϲ˫ۡ
Դתֱնһʮǡ
ǹ࣬ЬСˡ
Ҫ˵ȫûӦķǧ㡣
лллллллллл÷ǧ㻺
ֱ̫ϣܸߵ׾ٵĳе˵
ֻһ˯ȹʱ˫-ȿߣ˫-, ûк¶ȺѹȴĴ˹
Ȼ˯ȹڵǴֻһ׿ѡ
֪÷ǧĴЩΣϸ˫-ȫ¶棬еĸһζֱǸഺĸ
, ڸʲôСֹ, ÷ǧع
ǧ㼫ԼȻע໥˫-ȡ
˫ִĲ֮, ֮һֱ, һϲãһͻȻʪۿ
ǧһС
ΪϵԵʣǧ㲻ò̧ͷܿ
ʱͷ, ˫һֱţѾ΢΢ۿˮ޷װˮһһε
, ˣ
ͻȻǧ㲻, Ҳףȴܹܵǲġ
ʲôͻȻк
ڷǧϣصĿޣ֮Ǿöˣ˫ڵסԼ˫ۣԼ޵ӱ
ɷǧͷβ
ɴӵ͵͵֮мżϵĵǸ
ǧ֣ĺ󱳡
ĺܸˡ
ǧԵġ֮ᡯ
ǧһ㶣΢΢һ١
лһͷϷԼȤˣŤͷߵľֱ˿˷
СǧƻңǧСŹ뿪ˡ
һ˰֮УǧȡһֱЯڶķ
죬ǹⲻġ
ֻֻҪһǹϵͳͻָĵѡ
ǧע⵽ԵĴ꣬ɰһɣ㣨+1
ǧע⵽Եĳֻֽ֮ʱס˿˿Ƶͷһܸ԰ɣ㣨+1
ǧע⵽Ե˫֣˫Ưxxxxxһջɣ㣨+1
ǧ㱻ϵͳϳֵʾ֪ûôеûģǡͻȻ䡭һûϸ룬ȫ⹷ϵͳȫ˳ǧ춼ˮ֮С
ֻҪϵͳͻð֪νʾǧʾˣɴͶߡ
Լſڵȴʱϵͳİˡ
ʵʱ򣬷ǧ㿴ſڵȴ޷˯գͻȻú档
ص˯Ǻģ֮ǰأʱȴð
ʲôοʼɵЦʱ򣬷ǧҲ̲ס΢΢ǡ
Ȼ˫ۣͬħһϵͳʾٴγ֡
ǧע⵽Եİ˯գǿɰģϣÿ춼ܿŪԵ᲻ɰأ㣨+1
һ뵽·ǧͿʼһϵͳֱսͼޡ
ͷβȻΪɫ˽ʮ㣬ûô뷨
ǧ뵽Щơ
ֻһǧ㲻ףΪʲôԼ˫-ϵʱϵͳûг ˼롯㡣
Ѿӵˣ
ǧãܸϵͳԵϵͳʱ׼Ϊ񡣡
ǧ㣺
𾴵ǧ㣬һֱŬʧܼʼͣĲиŬѾͻƶٴأִ㣨215
ǧԵġ֮ᡯߴ򿪺ɽһνǷʹã
ߣǧЩɻ
ǡ
ϲǧʹá֮ᡯߣһ100ɶһ
ǧϵͳʾ۾ʲô

ǧֻԼĻڲ
̫̫ļ໥-ӰţûκĿԡ
һأҲ֮ǰһֱ޷ʹõҩͿʹˣҲܺת
ǧ㼤Ĵ궼ڲȲҪ˵ȷϣȴ˵κλ
⵽ǧԥϵͳܰʾʹùÿһɴʹֹһβΣ㴦ڰȫֵǷҪʹã
עֱͬʼնĸ-Ӱ죬ֱӴﵽ޲֢ǰӦеĽ״̬
ǵһΣλεĻǰ
ǧļȫ޷ơ
˺üΣŻ˵ǡ
ȷǧһٵһһѾȷǧ㴦ڰȫ£ʼ
һֱΪ޷ɵϣǰǧΪԼἤ޷˯ȴû뵽ϵͳȻֱ˯ߡ
ǧۣԼ鷿֪ǲǻ¶ʮϲõЦݣ̲סȥ棬Ҫһ
ֻû뵽ոմͳǰϣ͸˯毺õ-˯֮ȫпգֵʼֱľɫ
ǧͷ˫-ȣЩС˫-ȼƯʱֵַѹ˫-֮ϣŤš
ǧͻȻԼϣĴҽеĴ-ϡ
ϲ𽥱ˮӯۿģβǺɫһƬ糺쳣ֱһ㣬ʱ˿ѾΪ
ǧĿţȻģʵǹڹˡ
ǧĵ׶Ȼ޷ƵģҪģΪ͵ģ޷ջأţʵ
˫ϸ˫֣ļͷĺɫϵĽӽ
ǧҲ΢΢۾ȴĴ
ȻͻȻǡ࣡ըĶߣе˲ʧǧȻ˫ۡ
ǧ㰲ڴ-ϣѾǴ糿ˣȻһĺ
ͻȻоЩճ壬ǧɫһ䣬òΪһζ
ǧŵƿ˱ӣȻӺʹ-ϳֵĺɫѪȴ÷ǧ˳õĳĬ
ǡ
Ѫ

ǧûй¾С-岻ãԵҩ֮ҲƾڵЧ¾һ˵
ֵĸоӿʪԼ-ϵĺۼ޲ڱʾȻ¾ˡ
ǡ
ǧЩ޴룬û׼ҪõĶ
ǧһ򼲲Ѿɣϲ
ϲǧһ¾һ¾֪ô죬Щߵ鲻˼ô죿Ǿܵɣ񷢲ǧԵ̵ְֽ֮£ѧӦԾڡɣ㣨+10ʧܣ㣨-20


47 
ǧɫܲá
ʲôʱ, Ҫ˽̸ո¾ĺôڵʱ
Ǹˣһ۲۵ĳ, ʲô鲻㲻ձֻ
ǧϵͳҧгݣûа취
һ̲ԵѪǧסͷоƽʱΪŭҲƣһֱʹ-壬ʱǱƽʱ˲ѹʹ
ǧȻÿһϵͳ֮󶼻һЩ, ȴˡ
ǧڴ-ϣ˵绰ķ䣬ȴʼնû˽ʱ䣬Ϣ, Ӧû
һβֻͨ, ںü֮, ˵绰
, ǧ˵ŲŲԼȻƽʱҪ顣
ż𣿲żĻϴϴٹȥڶ˵
ǧɫܺڣȻּۻˣ˭
ôˣҪҽ𣿡żеܹĴӵ绰֮д
ڵ, ǧã
Ҷ˵绰˶-, Դӿǧ㲻, ɫŹ֡
¾˵-ĳһѾ޸ǾѪʵĸоʵ˺ܲϵģϵġ
ʰһѪֻҪһͻж̣Ŀԣȫж
ôôˣ㻹𣿡ֱŶ룬ı˷ǧڵķ
һλϷֱ̫˵޷˯ͨϵʱԺı̺Ϸɳ΢˻ǧ绰ʱЩҲű
ϴһ˾Լͷ߰㣬۾ȫ֮ͨĺѪ˿ɫҰײҰ׵ģһû˯ģ
ɷǧһ˵ʲô˲ˡ
Ѹٵĳ˽Ȼȴɫ糣ķǧ㡣
ôˣʲô𣿡ʵ
Ĵܾʻ֮ǧɫпһǳʲôɣ
㡭ǧͣһ£һ¾ˡ
һ㶣Ȼ򣬡ŶŶŶûϰʲô޵Ļģ󲻴󰡣õĻһмԽһ£ƽʱ𣿡
˵ļֱף¾飬ֻǲ֪ΪʲôǧȻȥ
ס̽ԵʵȻ˵ҽ˾ȥרµģ
²ǲΪǧ㲻ԸñʣµĶ
ŷǧ㣬Ҳ֪̽Եʵܣǲе㺦߰
ĿŷǧɫȻ˼ȣͷƤ飬¶ʰ
ע⵽ǧһֱڴ-Ҳûл·ӲͷƤǲȾŴ˰
һ仰ǧɫ纮
˵ָˣǽڶڷס
˿ڿˮ
Ǻߣ
ûûϵСĽַڷǧϣһһĹǽڣСĵİɣǰ°Щʲô˵أӦ
ǧ㴹˫ۣ͸˼ȴҲע⵽΢֡
һΡǧ㿪ڣͷ·ÿֶһ˵Щ죬ҵһ¾ܶ෽治̫
գ˼۾ǧ˼
һΣЩ𾪡
ǧ򴽡
ǰû𾪡
ǧĽë΢΢
̫ǧɫҪȴֱס˷ǧ˫ؿڣ̫˰̫ˣ¾ˣһ¾ˣ
ǧȻ˫ۣľȺϲȫӰ˷ǧͫ
ܺͿġ
¾ʲôһŮ-彡ıְǲҲ֤˷ǧ-𽥱ãҿܲˡ
̫˰ɣҲ̫˰ɣס˷ǧ֣֮Ѿʮָۣ󵨵ǰ˵ľ뼫ǧûкǵľ룬ȵȣңȵҰ
ͱQ˳ȥ·ǧһ˿ſַ
ոաʲô
ͻȻ֮䲻εϲÿģȲĽӽ
ǧ㲻ǲ㣬ûӦһ˲ξغϣһҲλǿĴ
ͻȻԼȻ뷨ǧЩء
ǣ뵽ǰԵϲõģǧ޷ƵĹ˹ǡ
ǧ㲢ֵúߵ¡
ֻǲϲ
ȴãǶʵҲûʲô
ǧ΢űߣδСܹǳ
һѵĶѷ˴-ϣĴ󲿷ֶѾİװһһЩʹ÷
ǧע⵽Ȼһ-
ɫС-㣬-ıԵССο黨׺ʱһԣǿɰ
ǧĪı鿪ʼ΢-ԲµģЩСС壬ǧ㽫ĿƿȻȴǸС-㡣
㿴Щ쿴𿴱𴦣ܣҡһ߶߶ģǧתֱߵİװָȥ㿴ҹö԰ɣ˼ǰϵģг֣֮򿪿
һ˵һ߲𣬷ǧ㴹ţԲ
ôãиŵ˽⣬ϾӹҲǡû뵽
ùɫС-㣺Ҹʾһ£ҪճĸطȽϺã㿴ð
ǧ۾һİŪɫС-㣬ɫĲָƣǧڱסˣһһĺ
Ϊǧǵһ¾رϸģĿİͰ͵ĸǧ㽲ԼԼ֪һʷ
Ǻˣע⵽ôϸڵĵطˣ˵ϸڣΪǾűȽ϶࣬λһҪǰһ㡭ûó˯˺ܺãǻһ㡭
˵˵ŷǧյ΢ƺǱˣ̾ͷС-㣬ǰԼԴ˹ȥ
ôô죬ǲַˣûﲻ
ǧҪȥֱӴ죬ʵǲ֪Ķ顣
ûհ
˻ȥǧֻԼ-ĹǺ۾ֱĶ
Щʲô𽥾֣ۿɼĿʼϼȾ˫գƮѡ
ǣǡǸ-ҡǡĿɨʾС-㣬ʱŷӦʲôһͫ׵𣬻˵ˣһѰС-㳶ص󣬡ʾǣǰʲôû
ǧҲչ죬˶-壬ӿɫ
ʱͷᵽ˿еѪζҲ˰˳©ˣӽܣǡǷŵʲôȥģиƵģȽʺϳŵʱʹãҪڻ᲻̫ҴĻʵҲЩ̫Ӧ
ŻŵĲڷǧǰʾɫ˳ƶ˳Ī˶Ρ
ǧľ񶢵Ի޴룬ڲԣǸܣǴ԰ɣ
˲䣬氲
ǧֻһǣһǡ
Լˣʲôǰ°


48 
, ҲǣҲ˼ź޲øǰԼһ, ˵ʲôȴͻȻҧͷİһͷˡ
ˣԼԼ뷨õİ취Ǳ죬˵ٴ
ܹоǧĿһֱԼͷ΢̧ۿһۣע⵽ǧ˫Ư۾ʱ΢΢´
ĳ֮۾ȴûӳճâͺ޷ҫ̶
пһ, ˰ɣ
ʱע⵽ǧĽë΢ͷȥԼ˫-ȡ
Ȼǰȥס˷ǧ֣ҷ㣬ȥ䣬ˮϴһϴ·, 졣
ǧ˳Ӵ-, ɫĳɢ, ȴͷǧ֮Ķӡ
ҪҰ𣿡ǧĴǷǧжԡС
áǧܾ
ע⵽ǧϵѪܴһƬ, ڿȴմȾ˲ʵɫǸովʱմģĥѪе
, ȵԺˣҲǿԵġһԵ̨ϣҿԴ¹ȥһҪ·
ǧӦ
ʲô·𣿡һʵ, ϸϸģûָõ·
ûС
ԡ֮еķǧ, ٴѵҾ棬ҲˣʲôҶ¾һҪҡ

ע⵽ĳĴڼͷûһҡЩĵһ䣺Ҹողǹô˵ģֻеţǸ𣿡
ǧ΢΢ƫͷƺǿˡ
û
ðɡĿ˺üۣŰŹϡ
֪ǧһԼϴһֱԼģԡҵţҵѪĴָ
ԡдˮעʰֶסˡ
ɫĳڵͫףȥͬżһؾµ˫ҪӺڳ۾޳ȴԹǸеָ֫ϸڿʼԺһ֡
ڷǧķҵʵĳ³㣬Ҳ͵͵ҵ˱ӶŵķǳС-㣬뵽ԼùʾԼһڿڴİɫС-㣬ַǳƤĿʼ졣
ǡ뵽˵ʱǧı飬ƽƽʱûʲôһΪʲôǸоأ
Ѫ˿˳ˮһıȥǧ㴹Լϸ˫-ȡ
㻹Ǵ԰ɣ
仰ʳ޿ɺǣǰ£Ǵδͬ
Ĺȥ룬ǵҲܹ
ǧˮ-壬ȴǳ-ªλεĹճ߹ǵ״ǿɲ
Լʵȴ֤ʵǵȷңɼΡ
˵-ûκУ˵κ̹Ȼѯ޹˼ɣͬ⡣
ԵǷǧһĲ-أԵǷǧ㵱İȥͶԴأǻ񷢲ң̽ԵǷ-ɹ㣨ʧܣѡһλ·˶ǧչ-ƣԵԴס
ǧֻùϵͳܽеתΪͷŭʧܳͷֱڷס
ǧ̫Ѩۣϵͳʵ壬Ҫ
ϵͳ⵽ǧֵͣ͵ֵӰĻԣװǧ㣬벻ҪԥսŰܺŰսȫͬ
ϵͳǰһʧ
ͻȻſڵӰ˷ǧעͷע⵽ģ
ǧգգ۾ô
·ҿһţһԵ¼𣿡ƽʱҪϸȻ̽
ǧ˵
ˡ
ǧٴظ
ĥ˼룬̵ĿŽ
һֱֻ·һֻס۾
ģ̌ͷȥܽȫ
Ϊʲôңǧ㿪˵ҽԺǾ𣿡
ҽԺҽԺǼȻ˵ĿĿİͰͣǺôҧˣ·Ҹ˰
ǧ۾΢΢𣬴ŵĳ֮⣺Ҳǣûʲôÿġ
ǧ񣬿κλ·ȡ衣
ͦͦÿİСıƱƣ뷴ɵӲģ
ÿǧβĻΪάĹάȴͬ
۾
ǧ׷ʡ
ԴƫһԲ˵Ȼʮ룬ƺԼͲסεķΧ̽ԵʵһҪ˵𣿡
ǧ㲻뿪
Ĵ΢΢ƲĿ⣬ЩίͰͣҡ˵ˣ
˵ǧɲꡣ
ܵļ򣬺ܺÿЩ˼ı֣ץסһԵϴ̨ۿɼĺˣǺܺÿէһȥ񻭳ġ
ǧüһ
͡ûϸԼСȰɣĽǶȿܲô׿촩ȹСȺͽףܰףҲϸǵӾеˡ
ǧʶ粵Ϊ·Ρ
ΪԼ۾ԭ򣬺ڰ˵Ҳ˼ͻĿռ䣬Щ߶߶ġ
ܲΪ·ŻúÿΪÿԴ·Żÿ˵㣬ŹҲȷÿ
ǧʱȴƽˣ㵹Ǹ˵
¾ˣ֤-ڱˣ϶ûעԵĶƽʱˣģʱҲкÿСˡ˵
ǧĹ۲ϸ΢üСӣ
ٺٵЦƺԼ¶ϲе㲻˼еСӣʵͦɰģĺܽĸо
ǧ㴹ɨԼ·ֻһƤĸ
оǣǡװǣʲôûУ˵Ļ̾˻ȥ
ǧ㿴ǺѪͣ첻ƵǺͻ͸
˻ȥÿĶ㲻ҡǧ΢΢ͷķβЩʪأȴΪˮһûκڵ׵Ŀ
ΪΪͰͰ죬һηǧȴĵĵȴ˵ꡣ
ɴ໻˫Աһڡ
ֲûа취ƽĿ϶ָϱ˿ҲǺܲ˼ģ
ո棬ԡˮһֱĺÿĵط
֪±ȽϲģǸעҲûӦģô˵ǡǡǰ¡
ǧҪ׷׵ʣѵҲҪӵ𣡣
Щߣֱ
һֱˮԴκģڷǧ¼ΪЩ֮ǰİװ֮£ɰİڵĳܷƽ̬
ʱ򻹲ͣ

һֱҪ
ٿٿҪˣ
ʣһֱʣҪˣ
ƣǧ϶ǹģ


49 
ԡů, Ϊ˱֤ԡ¶ȲѸٴ-ƣǧ㼴ûдʲôԡҲ䡣
ģ̌ͷ˫Ѿ˲ٺ, 糺糺ģԼ˫ȴҪɴӡԼ۾һ
ϲǧɡ񡯣㣨+5
ϵͳڶ𣬿ɷǧеעȴ
Ϊˮͺˮͺܱ˯Ѿ͸˲ɫǧҲǹĿǰ˵-塣
ʵе㲻ĵģԼΣȴǰŴƣҲ޷ע⡣
, ȷǰˡ
ҡǧһΣǱҪҲΪ
ǧһԡԼ, ֻ¶ϲļȡ
Ҳ, ˵ɴת, Ѹٵԡҡ
ǧ˸, ɫĳƣϸָƹͷȫ£һ, ̧ͷھԼ
ĳڵҲϰ˳ڸ, ǡ
ǧֱ۽׵£Ժȫ¶ԼĲͼ, ΢΢ͷ򲿷ֵճһƯĻȡ
ǧգ۾
ȻľԼļܺÿ
ǵһΣǧϸµȥ;Լ
߰ıҪ壬ȴ˴ʱոҪŮܼ
ͷһۣʲôǵµԱûиô𣿡
ԡҡͰͣЩȥԼ͵͵ϴѪ͵ϴ·ģû뵽ȻŮܼײ˸ۡ
¾ͺ޹أͻȻ˼ҵĹҲѹ˼Ҷһ䡣
ȥԼҽһȥһ졣ǧԡҵţͷ󣬱ƽʱҪ˺ܶ࣬ЩȥϴѪעЩ
ŮܼҶʱЩңܣ-ʲô𣿡
û¡ǧƽ
ѪˣŮܼɨһеĴ죬ȻҽЩ
Ҳɴ˻ȥ˵ⲻҲ˵
Ǿڡǧ״̬ƽʱҪ˼֣ȥɡ
ŮܼȻ𾪣ǧ뿪ĻĽӹеĴͱףתС뿪
Ůܼ뿪ıӰЩΣʣˡ
ոΪĪͻȻ鲻Խ˵ƽʱ˵Ļǧ᲻ˣ
ʲôһʼûģһʼǧ˶Ŷĺòã
ô̹Ȼĸ߱¾ˣûж຦߰
򴽣Լǲڲ֪֮бǧŪڹ֮䲻֪ˡ
е

ǡ
ǧ״̬ƽʱҪӵĲãͬΪŮȻ֪жܣ֮ǰᱳʹԿۣ֮ʹӾʹ-ƣ鲻ۼֱǶdebuff
鲻
Ťͷ˺һԼһů
ǧԡ֮Լ·ʱ֮ڻͺ
ȥĺ۵ӡ
ͷǧ˵ֱ˷ǧ㸹·¶˹ĸԸоǧ-һ
ôͲůȣյůԶ
һѽů˷ǧ¸ڿԼʹѡĺԼʽ-ڱǧ㴩ţĪֿʼѪ
ӲİѺߵѹȥˮȴ-Եʳǧǽ˶ʳףԼ˵ҲǶࡣ
ҪʵۣͺȵˮŤͷߡ
ʵǺȻǧ̬Կۣǻص䱧ͷĪľ˯ˡ
ˡ
εǧ㺦ߵģ
ûʲô飬Ҳôʵķǧ΢գĿ
ãǺƽʱһ¶߱ķǧҪɰˡ
һͷΣò-嵽ҵ㶫ȴֳʦһֱ׼һЩʳ
ллһ߳ԣһ߶Գʦϸĳޣ˶;ûˣǸ֣һٲԶûţٳԵҼҪˡ
ʦֻЦǷڳ֮ǰԸģףСӦûϲˬĶ
Զһ٣ǧԸģ
ڲڼ𣿡
ǵģںʱѾˡ
ʦĻȻӦСû
ˣˣôûңɵˣ⻹Ƿǧһγûд

Ҹġҽڷǧǰݱ𾪣漣𣿡
ǧ㿿αϣɫ䣬ʵڵõȷϢʱ˿
ϵͳȡĲĳһȫϵͳеһǧ²ϵͳ弲ĶԼĶ岻ͬµĽ
ܶ಻õҩʹˣҲܺתҲһҽҲǼȸԾֱҽѧ漣ǿģ
ҩǧԥ˵֪ϵͳ-壬ҽֶҲܶһҲã뾡Ȭ
¾ҲǺ£-ܻһЩʹʵ޷ͿԳԵֹʹҩҽ˵
ûϵǧָԼС
ʹʹȴûʱʱ̿ĥ-ʹǰ㼤ңǲܡ
ǧɫЩ԰ףΪڵԭΪֿʹûǿһΣȴܽʹ
-ڻָ¡ģ̌ë΢΢Ư۾ȴдż־档
ܾܷģҲκ֪-仯
ǧͷ
Ǹҽŷǧ㣬ֹ߮
ôˣǧʵ
ҽһ£Ȼҡҡͷڰ֣û
ǧü
װǧ㣬һξڵʹǷأʱʱʹǲķأ˵ůǿϼʹŶԵůһǻʹҩɣʱ񷢲ӣǧһСʱԵҪӵҪ󣩡ɣ㣨+5ʧܣʹʹx5
ǧüһ˿
ϵͳĿðɡ
屶ʹǧı鲻Ǻܺá
ǧͷһֻмδӵ绰ȫġ
ͨ˹ȥȴʼû˽ӡ
ǧüͷ˯
һʱ䣬ڸϻȥһСʱ֮Ķӡ
ȥǧ뿪
СһֱڷǧԣĿһֱڷǧ߮
ôˣǧعͷгŲ͡
ûûʲôСüͷšƺ˼ʲô
ȻǧȴѾȫûǸ˼ȥע˵Ķˡ
·ϻʻǳ˵ģ³ˡ
ǧ㿴һʱ䣬˾˵Щ
˾Ӧˡ
Сע⵽˷ǧ㲻ͬƽʱĽ꣬̽Եʵܣʲô𣿡
ǧšüͷһ𽥽ȵʱ䣬ɫף绰
õġС˼绰Ȼû˽ӣ㱨ɿǧȥɫǳԣС̵ͷʼѰ
ʱһһĹȥСõϢ
ʱš
һֱĴҹ䣬ûй̶·ߣոճʦϢ˵ƺΪûдеȻųţŵʱֻڹ̨ϡСüͷ²ΪԳȥйߣû֮ڿڡ
ʱķǧ㣬Ѿڵʱ䣬ɫڳܲ
ڻǲ֪ľص𣿡ǧǴＷ
ǵģܡСѾܾöûм˼ķǧˣǿӰη両֣㣬ǧҲȻġ
ǧͻȻЦһʱѾˡ
ûϵ
ǧ˫ۣȥŵʱ䡣
ˡ
ʧܾʧ˰ɡ
ʹӳʼ¡
⹷ϵͳַͷжΪɡ
ֻǰ¡
Ӥ
ûҪʱʱ̵̿һ
ǧ΢΢򴽣ǰֳʱźȦĸʹģ
õǵϷ߸˵ȥϷ˷һҹ֮ǿнģ
ŭƺҲôǿˡ
ͻȻ䣬ǧֻˡ
İĵ绰롣
ʶҪҶϣȴʹİ˽
ӵ绰洫ϤŽ⡭ǧ㣡ôŽӵ绰ʲôطҺҵ-εĴˣ


50 
Ϊ³ԭԲûп, ǶƵС˽ҳڳںܰ, Էǧֻдʮڳڵ֮ص
ʻϺ͸ʻϵ˰ĿǰһһĬȻͺʲôûһ
źӾķǧʱıޱȹ죬ͷԼΡ
Ϊ˷жճʹҲڱ߽߱ǽǵȷĵطĴÿԷøָռ䡣
ǧϵĽǶȿν-ʲôطǷǧ΢ǰ
ſɰοС黨һǸոպεĴţǿ͹رյģĳʱŻŵĹϣ¶һǡ
ǧǿ
˿
ȻֻһǣƣֻҪܿĳʲô
֮ǰʹĶһֱҡ, ˿ȴ˵
ǧü䣬̫ˣԱˣԴӿʼϵͳ֮û찲ġ
ǧ㴹һ-, 治ɫĵ˵潫ϵĴ򿪽-װ, ʱƤЩ졣
ǧŶ˾Ͷ˰, ʱ̹̹, Щپᷴˡ
ǧٴοһǰĿбӶǰˣ̾˿, ˣ
ȥ㰡ڵ绰ͷʮֽ˵Ҳҵ-㵽䣬ʲôطȥȡ
ⶫ˵Ҫ𣿡ǧ̹Ȼʵ
һ-, Ҫɣ¡
ΪʲôҪµĹȡ ǧʵ
Ĭ룬ȻյǲҴֻͨһɴֱӵɣ
ʲôطǧ㿴һʱ䡣
ﰡʵ
·, ڶ³ʱѾˣǧĵȴųͷ١
ŶŶŶðɣ-һҪӵŶٴ

ǧҶ˵绰ʱӵǧ㿪ʼԼ衣
ģ̌һװģ˾飬ȴͻȻЩЦȻΣȴҲǺЦġ
Ȼ-ҡС
ǧ㿿ڳϣ΢΢סԼĴ꣬¶εЦ⡣
̫ˣεʱݣҲ̫ЦˣǰԶܷ
ǧ㿴ųȫͣͲǰĳЩ³ǰ濴ΧҲķСÿһ˵ĳϷС档
ǳ˴ͳû취ͨˣ㲥˵ѾӺͨŻҪһʱ䣬ȴ˾Ҳע⵽˷ǧĲͣ˵
ףǸˣ𣿡ͻȻһֱ-ڸʻС˵
ǧпһ˳С˵ķȥͺʼԾļӿ졣
ǣֻ·Щ񡣡С֮˵
ʵҪ˵࣬С㻹ǺÿģǸҪÿܶࡣ˾С˵
ȷͳ˵Сߵ
СֻҪҸ⣬һεհ-¶ҹǲ֪ΪܸܵǧϬĿֱĲҪֱӽļ׵ֱӸճһǿ־̶ȱȸղŻй֮޲
ˡ
óǧʶüӦС˵
ǧʶľҪ˾˸ߣȻͻȻһԱߴס
ǧ㣬ǧ㣡ǧ㣡Ȼ֣ǧ۾ѸٵŤͷ
ͷЩңƺǱ紵ģȥһĺˮʪ˵ķ˿ڶǣȥЩǱʱվ·ߵդΧסĵ·Ǹ߸ߵľֲͣĻš
ǧԼһβǴϣڿ֮ʱϲ
ôû뵽Ȼ
ôСҲɻ󣬡ܣҪҸ˵ܣ
СĻû˵꣬ǧ˳š
·ǹҪԶһ޴Ȧ
ǷǧȲģҪĸ
ΪеҪȥ
ǧոմŲڵϣǵأȴû˶ꡣ
ڴ֮ͥҪȥСӣֶ˵ζġ
ġ
ǧƹһߡ
ô˵飬ǧž޴ʹҲԲ˵ͷ
Ļ
ǧԼ޷Լڿֵʱĵжӿ
ǧվ֮£վȵĳ֮Уȴûиܵȣڿ֮󣬴˫ķ·ӳ̫۾ӵʱ򣬷ǧͻȻãڱ̫ա
мһդʮϵĺǸԲܣҲǹģĲǹģҲû뵽ҵʱ-ˣʱܼ˴һҾе£˯Ҳһ-㡭
ǧ㳯߶߶֣Խդס
ͻȻק֣ûκηıײդϣһֱֻ߬ţդϣ㯵Ŀţȴû
ǧ㽫֣ԼС
ࡣǧ˵󣬿Ӧˡ
ࡣĸһ࣬ʹʹͷŶʹʹȫŶ
ǧһ㶣ͻȻֺЦӣ۵Ⱦ˼Ц⡣
ϲǧɡӡ㣨+5
˼դϣŬȥǧС
ǲǷǧ취ͷأ
ɲôŹۡ
·ˣդζҲôţرȡ
ǷǧʼˬˬģȥûκβӦ¶ȵģȻѾ˵ڶֺˡ
绰֪ǧ㱻·Ͼ֪һ·ˣոպô·ҲҪӣ·˵ĵ绰֮һֱҷǧǱ־ԵĶƳ
ΪܹζһƵĳ׾ҵˡ
ΪԼ-÷ǧڿı飬ûԼǰܻ
ԸǧͷһҲҪһҪЦЦı鿴ëˡ
ܡСһһѾıվڲԶǰĳʼƶˣϳɡ
СĻֲˣ˵ϳɣǸǸӵɡ
ǧû˵
СС㣬ǷҪɳȥ
ˣԼȥʱɲ˼һ
˾С˾ֻҪֱӴ绰ҡ
лл۰Ͱ͵ģȥ㡣
ǧ㵹һֹǧĸˣջ˫դ۰Ͱ͵Ŀŷǧ㣬ģǱǧ̽Ƶġ
ǧת뿪ˣĿŷǧıӰͻȻע⵽˷ǧʮر˼˰죬ͻȻӳ˹
ǧͷˣ
Ӧ̷ȥܶغÿȴأ¶ľȡ
ÿ
դ˼ţѹֽãǧرˬء
ΪʲôͻȻ̷أ̫
գ˿ڿˮðɽ̫ˡ
Ҳ֡
̷ķǧ㣬ͦÿİ
֪ܻʲôʱ򶪵ڿ㣬øϿ촦ɣԺҲ뿴ˡ
ǧרӣԼİɣȻһֱȥӲĬȻʵҲһԼµŮӡ
ݵŹյѡС·⡣
ȻžЩˡ
ǧ㡭ԸӲĬȻ
СͦǿСԭ侲ԳӢˬŮԣµˡ
֮ǰòǴ֮ͥ²÷ڼȴľˣʱǧҲû˵ԼĵǸ
ԽԽпܣȻΪʲô·ķǧȻֱ³ߵǰˣǲܻº
ӣڰʾĶʲô
ͣ˹
ӡ
оһ
УԴС
취ֻ١
ֻдΰ׻ھڵŮѣ


51 
, Żص˼վڼſ, ѾϦµĺɫգ˿
Իŷǧ˾ԼָĶ
ллʦר鷳ҡƽʱڣʵ̫Ķֻܴ绰СС˾
Թ˾ȫûжЩֳ֮ɫ
Ҳ鷳ˣһֱֻ˾ֻ˻ȥ
˾ֻ˹
˰תһѵĶȫѵƳϣ˷ҵĴš
˾İŪֻֻʶļһĶǷ
ûֻϵĺۼ, ͼappǴ򿪵״ֻ̬˲ٵ¼ͬʱں̨¼
˾ɫ𽥵Ĺ
һ뵽һ߰Ķ˾һʱ䣬졭ǰ°ɡ
սսһѶȥ˷ǧŵ, վſڶꡣ
ϣŸɴ಻, ֤ǧӦϢ, ӦòôԱꡣ
ȻɫĵƱɫͨ״̬, һһ׹ȵס
һ£ίССȥ, ԼӾǸ׼ǸľƵԱ
ǧѾʱһһĽ֯һ黨
ȴζˣǧǲ, 뷢ʱûͷ谭, ܸ޼ɵķأ
һһԼ׼ĶᶨһԼ顣
ǧڴϣһξھҪֲûһеƣʹۻһڵֻһ
ƣʹȴþЩϲõġ
˵ԼȻһ綼ûл
ǧ㲢ǲȥܼɵԳĿ־塣
Ϊʲôû
ǧҪȥѯˣʵǲٿ˾СѯʹܼջǻʵСͷϡ
ǧ۾Ժо͸ֳޱҪʱͻȻǰĳ
ȻھҲˡ
һûȫϢãȴΪĵȴЩ
һ쵽ؼҡ
졣
ڷǧţ
ͷԼ⣬ˣǧ㶼û̧ۿһۡ
Ȼʼնûпڣǧ̾˿ΪؼһԸ
ģ̌ͻȻһɰƿӳǰ
ǣ֭ǣ˫־űӳ¶Сı飬صȥܶƼĵģǼĽ֭ûô壬ʱ򻹺̣ʱӦѾոպÿԺˣ
ǧüӹ˱ӣӦӲϱһոպͨԲס
ǧһڣȷ̫壬˵¶͸ζ
ǧֺһڣͻȻܵԵרעſԼĿ⡣
ǧ㱧Ž֭ǣЩ֡
Ϊʲô
ĿⶢĲڣǧ㽫ӷһߣ̧۱лȴյûüջصľֵĿ⡣

̴һԵļȡһ𿪰װ˷ǧ
ǧͷǶ鸴Ի
ȥӦǸߣ̰ɫѩһСͣһͬһʮ㣬ͦ˫ָպţָҲܺá
ôɰĶ
ǧĴûӵй
ʲô˼
ͻȻ䣬ǧ㿴һ˫סֱů¶ֱͱƽʱҪ֣˶ůǧԼĺѾʼȡ
ôõġڶ˵ͻȻס
Ϊֵǧ˫Ҳסˣѩ׵СͻȻ˳ָѹγΪһǳصͣǱɰ۾͹
Щε˲䱻ɢǧĺȻƽ
ǧ㣺
ǽѹߣ鲻ˣ˵ʱܽѹģרȥѡָõģһǼ۸ߵģ󡣡ȻЩģȴ͸ŵССȸԾһ㡣
ǧޱ飬˫ǽѹߡ
ô󲻱ĸо𽥱ꡣ
ѹĻصȥվҪģϴˣܸɾһ
ģ̌ۿһۡ
һʮģֽ
ǧ㣺
ˣиһЩóԵʳھڵʱ϶ģҾ˺֪ܶ࣬ϲʲôĿζģҶĴֹģר˺ܶҺ֪ĵꡣִӼ϶˳һúƯĺװŵʳһһʳȥܾ¡
ǧܾˣûʲôθڡ
Ҹ㣬ЦɡͻȻ˵ǰһԷޣڳܹɷ˵
ǧ㣺
ЦһĽͣĵͷʵʵҲôЦ
ǧ鲻ν졣
ֵһ
ˣұȥһҿܺÿ͸ɴһ軨ҾװķܺÿҾ˵ܺûһŻĻ˷ǧĴ̨ϣܺÿ԰ɣ
ǧ㿴һŭŵĻܣڻ֮һƬ԰ľĻ԰С˲Ȼʧɫ
ǧ㽫תϡ
ı齩ӲȻίԲ۾жˮ⣬ҪˮƵġ
ȥʧ䣬ǧɴֱʸȴͻȻ̧ͷһģ
ǧüԡ
죬Ư
ǧ㣺
վ̫µʱǾ޼ˣһֱûаͷӣͻȻҲܾޡ˵
ǲӦֱ˵лл
ǧ㲻ĸԼոհõ黨裬Ǽô̵ʱ䣬ǹ۲ϸ¡
۾ǧ㰴ȴأڲ²͸çײĳ
Ͱ͵˵ţѳζǵĽЩ佱˵ĻڵʱҵƢЩģܻھڱ֤ȶ״̬ĺ
ǧɰûֵⷬľٶĺ塣
û£ֻҪԸܶҶȥģչҵΣĵؿڣȻ˵ƾȥҡȥ㶪Ҳûϵ
ǧüͷš
ϵͳôˣǧҪϵͳõ𰸡
Ȼϵͳûиػ
շǧϵͳ⣬֪ĺܷܶḻڷѾôֵ鷢ǰϵͳûз񡭡
ѵϵͳҲԻľٶΪʲô
Զ֪Ӧô
ǧܲ͸ֵģֱܷıƣȴ޲ߡ
ҰӰɡͻȻ˵
һ࣬˶ʹôΪġ
ڰ죬Լ˸ʱ򣬺ʹԶȥ
Ǵʾд£ϵͳ˵ͻת
ǧڻصá
ƺǵõԼĻӦ̾ģ÷ǧ㲻Ծ뵽ĳֿǿС̹
͸ղȫȻãȻͻŲͬһ¶˺Ͱݵɫǹ⿴ţǧͻƽ
ǧߣԼĵ쵽˷ǧĸŵıȥ
ĵ¶Ⱥܸߣٱǧ˵ǵġ
ůҲлᷢȣǧȴûʲôܱĸ
İĦûʲô·Ǵ¶ȺĴڸ̫ǿĻʹڡ
ϸģˣƺܴӷǧҵӦǧ㲻òϣĦǺʵġ
ǸԲڿǼ£Ҳǹģ㲻ҪĿ˵
ΪǧŪڵʲôЩЦ
һʱ䣬Ūô໨ڵĶΪ⣿
Ͼô˵飬ҾϢǳʵϵ˵ôίĺܶԲ𡣡
ȷͦһѾģԴ˷ǧ㲢
ǧĬֻˡ
ǧ׼ֱӸûȴͻȻһů
ǧ˫ۣȻѾĴߣߵϸµëľ룬ĲĽëȥǿɰ
⧲ģĴһǡ
ԲԭҺ𣿡
С飬ǧԵΪڶʾãǧôܷŹ᲻ʤ׷أ񷢲ǰɣһתΪõĻ䣡ɣ㣨+10ʧܣ㣨-20
ǧ㣺


52 
, ޵òȴΪСչ¶ֿɰǧ뿿ڴͷ, 
ϳˮζڷǧӡʱʱ̶̿ǴŨҵܹ˵ġ
Լ֮ȴֻŵ̫ζͺС̫һ㣬ȥǺˬζ
ǴʲôʱʼֻҪƽء
ǲǡرʱòǧĻشȻˣ̽ԵСѯ, ۵һƬҡ
Ϊʲôңǧʵ
ס˵ǲǲ㣿
Ϊʲôǧûлش𣬶Ǽ׷ʡ
ͷǸµĺ, һֱᰴǧ㸹ȴûͣ, ůů, Ȫˮһܹ˵񾭡
Ҳ, ˵Ҫðãʮʵϵ˵ˡ
ǧĿ, ˿ϲŭΪ밲οңҵ𣿡
߮
˵ǧ˵
͡ҲǡЩŵĵͷץŷǧ㱡ıǣĥĥĿ, ողһֱҾ밡, Ҫԭ£ٶҪһֱңҾ룬˵
ǧ֪ˣעľٶ
ֺãϣԼܿ
ǧ۵ڻһ˿Ц⣬û˵˵û
ʲôûϽࡣ
ϸָ˵ԼĴ飬ǧ۾ȷһܰοҵ
ǧİʾѾˣ֪ܲ
Щ£ֱĿǰķǧ㣬ʶ𽥼ӿ
עȫȻǧָָԾǧĴ꣬ͫеӰǧ㲻ôɫҲܲĴȴ֪ΪΣƺΪ۾ԼǧԼǶˡ
۾ֱֻͬܣ-岻ܿƵǰ
ģģϸĴУڲ֮÷ǧոĽѹߣָȷʵǺŬãȴʼնȲĴС
ǧ΢΢˫ۣȫһУҲʱ֮УúõĿ
˫ۣë΢΢һһĺˣԭŵ-忪ʼЩģԾŴȥ
ɷǧע⵽ʼһȥѹסͷ·ֻҪжѹͻһ
СĶԴǧȴЩ㡣
Ʒ
Ҫ˻أǧһֻֿסĲòάȻһȴĴǴǿԸеҰԽ
ףԴҪС
ԼҲԸ˭ӵеĿԵȨ
ʱܳ
һβһ֣ǿգ鵽ŨȻȻ
ɿʱſ˴̵ıԵ۾ֱȫ֪Լʲôͷԣ֪롣
ǧĵԼĺ-¶Ⱥټˣ΢-Ҫ⺱¶ɢȥ
ǧ΢б񣬿ſߺ޷ķ·һ
ǧָԾͷСС´档
ϵͳͻȻ֡
ϲǧɹɡǡ㣨+10
ǧ񡮼ǡУǿĶĶֵʱӣɹ20㡣
ϲǧáõļ䡯ͼͼѾ¼ϵͳʱ鿴
ǧϵͳʾȴһᣬΪ̬ƽͰɡ
ͻȻǧʲôͷͼ͵͵ԼָסԼСָ
һǳ΢СĶĪ÷ǧͷһ
ǧ㱻ԵС+1+1+1
ǧüëһ壬ϵͳȻǴ
ˡȻȻһԼ棬ҳ˼˷ǧǰһ׼һЩﻹûи㿴꣬ײ
ǧ㱻ͻж飬ϾͱһʮƷ
ǧָ˴꣬չһ-㣬˳ǣô-ȥˣ
Ƿ©-㣬ϾͲ¾Ѫ©ˣϰߴԼոһ޴İ˴-ϣ棬ֱӵڴ¿Էֹ©ϣϿ԰ĵ˯ˡ
ǧ㿴ЩǳʵõĶ鲻νӡ
̧ͻȻע⵽͸ĶͻȻʲôַԼĺ
׼ôȫǧҲǴˣӶ
԰Ȼϣ˯þϢ˵ǷǳҪġ˵
ǧģ壺ĺܵ
ԺúȺãϢã-һãõˡЦ˵š
ǰǧ㴹˼ţҲȷкܳһʱûȥ˾ˡ
գգ۾ûҪߴȥϰ˼
һȥġǧЦЦ̧ôһӣ
Īֿʼǧû˵ʲôΪʲô뵽ֵָȥ
һӡ
Ҳһˡ
Ƿǧİء
ǲԼ
뵽ԼǷḻĴЩ죬ЩҲӦǷǧʲɣϾԭпԭеĲƲԴԼ˵İµġ
˵ġ
Щɫڵ趨ʱɫ𽥵Ĳ԰ס
ôˣǧע⵽ı仯ʵ
Ҫİʶ˵
ġϵͳκ˶Ҫ
ǧ˶Ųһ¡
֮ҪҪԿ©-㣿ɴֱ֣ԼԣҪҰæ
жɣǧҲûдܾȻͻȻ

ǧ㣺
С㣬ҪĲƷѾ׼ˡŮܼûнҲ泡ʮĴ˵ĶС
лллͰ͵Ļص
ŮܼҲźصĲȥǧЩͷ۵ü䡣
ܼǲԷôĽŲԴߵôصĽŲΪ˸ˡ
ʱǲûйţǧʵ

˰ɣǵ˰
ǵ׹ûأΪʵ̫ȫˡ
ܼ
Ǵʲôʱʼģ
ǲȫˣ
ǧü䣬鲻Խ̾Ϊʲô㣿
һ군˵ı飬˵룬ѹǸҸ׼ˣѵõĲѪƷ-ͨ˲һ̫ȱѪҡͦҵİƷŵȥӹˡ
һʼΪܺǧ㿪ģֻû뵽ᷢչ-ǡ
Ϊҹû뵽ַһʧ˶ˣվԭһ仰ҲҶ˵
û£㲻ǹġǧǿһεЦݣᷢչҲ֮⡣
ŷǧЦĽӲǣĬĬվŷǧľһԲǸˡ


53 
, ʶȥԼֻȴô, ԺԶȥֻ壬ԺĴϴ·ȥǧķ䡣
⼸ÿ϶ȥǧķ䣬ûĵط
ôҲеΪǵģΪ϶뱻˿©ˣĿǰΪֹǧ㶼ûоܾ
Ƿǧ˯һֱ̫ˣ̶аҡ
ÿʱ, ǧ㶼Ѿܰڴϣֻɫ
һֱΪǧǺԼһһ¾ˢˢֻϢһʶһ۷ּȫǲƾ, ĬĬջĿ, ÷ǧΪΪŮܡ
Ŭ΢չŷǧ, ֲѪƷһֱ, ǧ㱻ιѪӿ˱Ѫ𼱻ǵĴ绰ҽѯ, ҽ֪̫ܲǧס󲹣΢ͣ
ٻڷǧǰ, ΪԼǸ壬ÿСʱͻһҪ, һһ֭ǣÿΪ̫ܵڿ˷ǧɴ࿪Ȩޡ
ЩƣѵԭǰûзǧҵĽȨ
ǵķǧ㳤Ѿ֯һ黨ڼͷĽǶȸպܿһֱϲĺÿľǻ᲻Ķ࿴ۡ
ллǧ΢΢̧Ư۾ӰЩЦ⣬ʱһֱ鷳չˡ
Ѿɾ𣿡ʵ
ǧӦ
ҲҲһЩ𣿡ӷĹҳһ棬Ȼ˵˵ǻһЩŪˣ·ҪĻͷˡ
ǧĿҲԥĿ˹ȥ
ллǧٴ˵˫ۣŨܵĽë´һƬӰȻȥмֺĹɡ
ʲôллģֲǶµ¡ŴЦ⼸죬Ͳ˰
ǧգ۾Ҫ˵ʲôȴʲôû˵ת
÷ǧСζȴû롣
Թ緹һͷϷңôϷȫ治壬ʱ伸Ϸ
ҲʲôɽգЩźδؾϣûıȡǮƵֶһڣϰࡣ
֮ǰûϹࡣ
緢ʱ̫ˡ
ŸɴϱȥϽƵǡθڱԼ޶ˣŷǧ㻨Ǯλ뵽Լ׬ֻһ㣬Ϳʼ
Ǯˡ
Ͳϰࡣ
š
á
治ΪʲôŮǷҪԼ׬Ǯ
Ȼ뵽һǧܻĸɸɾʣѡ׬ǮǺǵġ
һ뵽Ϸˡ
ԼδΪɵʵǲֻҪãɾԶֲ
ԱδŮ򣬵ھ̬
ţֳǧڿҲԽԽ¾ˣôǾò
ݣǲǿġ
ĬĬԺһԭḶ̌ճǣ1/1Ϊ1/1Ϸ
Ϸ޷԰Σʶ侳Чȫ˽ǣϷ޷԰Ρ
ֱͻȻС˲Ϸѡ
һϢʱһ飬𽫶СĵķһߣϷ浵Ѹš
һװһСʱվǰ
Ծ˿ڿˮ֪ΪʲôÿСʱţԭСԭ£һ㶼ԼܼԦŮԡ
Ϊʲôӵ绰С۾ϬĿֱĿЩĵͷ
ϷûɵĻش
ǿһ۾֪ʲôˣԴС๣ƫͷ˵㡣
ңϹȥϷҵţƨƨߵȥ鷿˵ǧӦڴʲôҪĵط𣿲Ӧð
 
ĻͷһۣСಽĪľһֻѹܴ
Ǹڼ֮ǰͣ˽Ųͷ͵͵СǲʲôҪŽҵİ
ӦðʲôҪ°
ȥ˾֪ˡСȻɫ
ֻñ쬵ģĪһľսĸоʲôҲûΪʲôܾýСƽʱӵˣ
ҽˡ鷿ţ˽ȥ˷ǧ㡣
ǧΪѾȥ˵ľ״̬˲٣ɫҲ仯ȥôֽ˼ʱϣһ֧ӱʣӦļǩ
Ȼڹ
ʲô°
ǧͻȻ֡
ڣԴ
쿪ʼһ᲻ʱȥ˾ǧ㰲ϣ˫Ư۾ֱĿأ
أ
ôˣ
һ㯡
Сģüʱһֱڼûȥ˾һΡ
£գգ۾ǡҪȥϰ
ͻȻ
ԭڷǧĹ˾ϰİ
ԭǷǧİ£Ȼڹ˾ϰ࣬ԼʱżյһЩܡȴְλ˵Ϣ͵绰һŲᡣ
ʱˣ˻żյϢ⣬ûյ˵Ϣˣ
ǧ㣬Ϊʲôϰ
ϰడ
ϰడ
ϰʲôõġ
ŲͰԼϳɷ
룬ͻȻڣְ
ǧеĵӱͻȻûϣüͷ
ҪְһԵСҲѵõ¶˾֮ɫ
ԣҪְ˵δԴԼ˷ҵļҲŻᱻһʼҪӴͺˣʱҲһӣʲôá
ԭԭûһ£ȫС
ΪʲôͻȻ֪֮СȻ
Ҳ˵ôˡ
˸־Ϊ⡭ǧİ£϶ϣܰģǵĿǰΪֹҷҳ˸ǧ֮⣬ûκá˵
һԵСɵĿµĴ˵ڴʲô⡯ģ
ʱһֱŬҪչ˷ǧ㣬ͻȻһǰס˷ǧŵ֣֣ʵֻҵϵİŽаҿԹķ棬ҿչ彡ֻҪܺúõģһжν
ǧеӰӰӣΪЩţûиоǧ񣬸оϷԼ
ҵȷ޷ҵϷⷢȣҲԳΪšܵ˵˵ţҲЩ˼
Ǻ°
һϰ࣬Ķǵְġ
ڶԱԼ̫Ӵǧ㹫˾ڲԷһǧĳʲô£ҲڳΪʸ֮ġ
ϰࡣ
Լ˵ʲô𣿡ǧ޲
֪۾ԷǧҳϣҲҪ̫ǮҲҪҵֻһ磬顣
СֱˣĶ
ʲôΪԼ֮ǰȫ֪ˣȻҪ辶
Ǹ
СüȻ޷͸ô⡣
ôأʲô˼
ͬʱСתĿ⣬Ҫ̽Ѱһ·ǧ˼
ȴǧʱĿ໥֮ͣһƿ
˷ǧôãΪԼ˽ǧˡ
ȻܵȥûʲôСٷְٿ϶ڷǧ鲻
ͻȻòɿôֵÿĵһ
С޷⡣


54 
ʲô, ǧҲ޷͸
Сɻ͵ǷǧҲȫܹ⡣
һ̰ŮˣҲ㹻Ȩ½뵽ǧĹ˾֮ڡ
һʼΪĿĶɻ, һҲ
Ҳʮ뷨Ҳ˿뷨ΪԼı㹻ĲƲ
ȴҪ˳˾һ㣬ǧȷ⣬ԶԷġҪʵҲĴɻ
ˡ
ֲ֪֮£ǧȴɻΪ˵ԼҪ仰˾衣
ⲻһ
ţκ˶ţȻһȥôκεһ, žԼҪŸĴۡ
ԼΪĴۣȴ𽥵ıˡ
Զһ£𽥲ôڰ
һУѾ˻ԭȲһ˵뷨

ڴ
Լʲô۶ûиͻ˻ŵȨ, Ƿһµ¡
ڱıʲô
ǧ, չ¶, ŵĳĵ޷ĺ󱳡
ǧҪһʱ׼ذס
ְ, Ǿʹְɡʲô£Ǿȥκκеˡ
ǧ㻰, ϵͳͻȻ֡
װԵǧΪ˽ǺģǱܵ, Ϊʼմ޷ԽĸĤ񷢲ߣǧԵﲢֿɹ㣨+10ʧܣһ֮˫˫ֽ޷롣
ǧ㣺
ǧ㣺ǲǾϲҶŸɣ
ǧ, ԴԵ̬شƫϵͳڶлϵͳϵͳָ
ǧ㣺
ǧ̲סü䣬Ҫһܶǣ֣붼ѾجΡ
˿ģ̌¶˫ְۣ𣿡
ûʲô°ɣԼҲ㯣ţ
㲻Ҫ𣿡ǧӲͷƤ˵˳
Ĭ룬̽ԵĿڣǸҲһֱ𣿡
ǧü䣬ûϵͳɹʾ
ϵͳж
ǧ֣ɴ˫ۣһֱߣȥ

С
ǧ۾Ұгֱ飬㯺С𾪡
ǧ΢΢סգСȥˡ
ܣС˶ˣ·𾪵Ϣ
ҪС֡ǧ˵͸ŨŨΡ
ʵǲԼֵһ汻˿ǧ㿪׼СȥȴͻȻСۡ
ȡ
С
ǧһ԰Ĭǰüȥ岻ããǧɴĿ۲Ϊ
ҡҵʱȥϰòã
ǧżպס֡
ϲǧߡ㣨+10
ǧ𽥷ֻ֣ҪƤûʲôвͨġ
ֻǣб飬Կ첻ȥӺ쿪ʼòã
ͣںƢİ£ǧûԼҲһᱻ˵Եĺպ壬Ҳ΢
áǧϵͳ̳֮ҲҪһֱߡ
С̬ǧ֪ϵͳб飬֪ʲô顣
ȻԸΥ
ͻȻǧգǧȻ˫ۣȻô󵨸ôĶ
ŷǧգȻָǧĴϹ𣺡û˵㣬ֻǺͱԼˡ
ǧݺݵĳ˳ǣûġ
֪ˣ֪ˣûУûһ֪ġ±飬ǧֻһؿϲȥ²
ͬʱǧע⵽һֱһԿС
Сһ𾪣ţȫ̱ǧ㿴˸͸
֮һƲĿ⿴棬һֻʲô֪
ǧֻ̫Ѩۡ
ǧͣ״̬ҲǶࡣ
㾡ȥ¡ǧɴƹˤ֮ҡ
֪֮͸ЩЦ⣬Ҫѧˣһ쿪ѧȥжʱ䣬Ҿȥ°ࡣ
ǧӦٽ֦
װǧ㣬ԵѧΪµȻȱϯԵþãԵ˹ͬ壬빲ͬжɣ񷢲Եýѧ
ǧ㣺
װǧ㣬ΪװԵĶྡƾأչΪԵ֮ɣΪϵͳǧжбַַֿ֣ɼӼսΪжǧŬΪһİ°ɣ
ǧ۽һ顣
ϵͳ£ǲǱϵͳ֪ˡ
ڱŴб
ǧֻͷۡ
һһȥǧü䣬Ա˵
Сһ˵ܣгѾȫˡ
ȫơǧ˵
СıΪѣҲһ±ơ
͸˵ҲûҪȥȻ͵͵ľСԶһ㣬СΪ֮ɫѾӰ쵽Ҳ飬Լȥͺˣֲòܵڡ
˵ȥǧҲ˵
ͷǲҲȥ˰ɣȥϰֻ࣬ǿѧʼǱȲ㹤Ҫġ
ǧû뵽Ȼı⡣
ϵͳǧͼͨ
װǧ㣬ԵǨΪңǧҲһǳжɣԵ̬ȣмӼʧܳͷΣĲΣ״̬㣬㲻ɼƣ
ǧѾܾöûҧгݵŪʲôĸоˡ
ǲڱңǧоԼڷ
װǧ㣬ԴԵ̬ȣԵΪ壬ҲӵԼΪµӦ֧ΪеԵΪͣҲΪԵڷ絲ꡣ
ǧ֮ͻȻһ㶡
˫
ϵͳ˼ˣϵͳںĸж
ǧ̬ȣǷεģʲôֱӰƿĶȴȥ²̽뷨
أ
Χһеʱ򣬷ǧȴӲȥ˽ʵ뷨
ǧ㣬Ĳ
ȥǧָûΣѾı֣ϴѧֵø˵£ȥҲմմϲ
ϲԲףһ䣬ôһȥ𣿡
ȫǧʵ˵
뻹Ҫȥ
ı鼫临ӣֹ
ѵǣϸֺ𣿷ǧ㰮ԭôŬ
ûҪûҪ



55 
ֱӿϵıеĴѧ, ѧУܲԱе¼ȡ߸, ߵѧ·ߣԿߡ
ǵԭ˵Ůҵ£ʱӦҵʱʼ
ѧƣӦúŮûʲô֮Ӧܴͷǧ֮εĹϵ
ѧҲζԼȷҪԾ鵹ʱľȾ磬Ĳ
ǲô˵Ϊԭһֱǳ谮ãռԭݻԭǮҪ˼òҲʵ̫ûе, ûǲܶŲʡ
Ҫһ½İġ
ġ
ֻǲ֪Ϊʲô
͵͵̧ԵŮˡ
ѧĽ죬ǧ㲢ûкһʵ·ѵõĴ˺ܸĺɫϵװĺɫ߸, ȱںɫĳ֮, һĿǰΪֹûмľӢŮ
һĿųȥȥѧУ, ķǧȻĸ, ˾СˣСһһ, Ҳɹ˺ܶѧУʹõƷ
Ŀתƿ򳵴⡣
Ĵ
ܾýķǧɾ
̲סס°ͣ˼Լǲ̫ˡ
ѡ
ʱССĺʹγǿҵķ, ŮصഺϢͽС˸Ǳµеĺǿɰ
˳ڿ˲۾, ֱһֻɰС̹
㣡ҪͬʱһˣĵߣɻͣͻȻһһվߵߴˣ޹֮дżֵӡ
С㣬ãðɡһ˵
ˣԼͿˡһʶԼķɫ֣мֱŵ˵ģ
С㣬ǵĹ벻Ҫ⡣˵̬Ϊȥ˵ͻȻһָо
רҵġ
˺ɫװһ˿ͷ˿ûκ֮һȥʵڲǿ԰æɻġ
ҲЩɵĽĿͶ
죬Ҳô°ƽʱҲûǧôƵĻרŴ˳̷Ű
ͷһ۳ķǧ㡣
ǧͦһѧУģ

ûܰǺװ˵ĶԼɫĴӸˣԱ˵ͦӣںﵹǿȥôעĿˡ
˺üǷɫӡ
Բӵ͡
Ҳ̫ˡ
㣬㲻רæģֻǸӶѡվǰ۾гЦ⣬һ쵽Ϲġ
ҽеˡһҲû뵱ֻʵʵ˵ܽеġ
ɫһЩӵĿ˳һۣ򴽡
Ҳˣƺͦ·ǧģѵǡСӵֱ
ллܡųڵķǧСĵл
ϳɡһĺ󱳡
Ȼǳɵȥǰ
ڵĿܰҲպܹ졣
㣬ллרųʱȥѧһֱæİɡǰ˵ʵб飬ûҪרҵģµ鷳ˡ
գգ۾㲻Ϣﲻ˵Ҫѧܲ𣿡
ɫȻһ죺ǣΪһֱûлϢҲŶ˼Ρ
Ŷ۾
á
ǰαССܱڻĳ̶ȣαϿȥȻܿ
С崿ɰһ׼ƵʣȻδŮŰŰġ
°ͣȻԱһļСĻŰӦҲͦ˳ֵġ
ͻȻоߴһֵĿ⣬̻ͷȴǧʱޱĿеıʼǱƺڴ
ջߣ΢еıȻһ㣬ǷǧļǧȻݣǸӲҪ˵ǼӶһȦ
ֵâڱĿһγ֣ٴŤͷǷǧɵͷģ
۾
ΪǸոտѧУ԰̫͵ĳȴΧĳԶĸ·
°͡
ͻȻӦʲô
֮ǰһֱȻο˾ŲʮԳûʲôֻԼԼﲻԣڲŷӦ԰
ǵģС㣬Ƿƽʱó˾Ļ϶Ĳ²⡣
ۣĶ
ǲǺܹ󣿡ʵ
۸ǻԭȵĳЩ
˾û˵۸񣬿ҲܿԱߵĳÿƵȻǲҺײġ
°ͣ͸ѧҪ񳵣

ò׵ѧУſڣĵطǧ˺ɫͬһ𣬶˾æɡڵЩȵ̫
ܶ˶߿
ѧ뵽
һԵѧʱ̧ۣȥһˡ
С㣬УһϢͬʱµ˵ǰ


ѧԼȥɣѧ˲һԵѧԱͻȻ˵
ɫһ죺ҡԼȥͿˡ
Ȼδ䣬ԶȴһԶЦļλװԣѽⲻǷ𣿡
þòˣУǧ΢΢̧ۣϵȴҲ˿ȡ
ˣô˵Ҳó
վһ۰Ͱ͵Ŀŷǧʼչŵ΢ЦʽĿףȻ󡭡
ǧϣ˾ɡ
УվһԣУУɡ

졭쵼Ӳ죿
ȥһԵСߴٺж
С㣬뽫֤ȫңһסٴ˵
ɫģ˼ĿһһУ֮ͻȻĵѧԱֿһЩǿӲĺˣһʱ֮޴룬ٴ

ǧ㡣
ǧӵ˵й𴽽ʮֳЦһ¡

ǧ΢΢ƫͷУһҪȥ𣿡
ãһȥˡУ˳ŷǧĻ˵Ǹʦŷܵȥһ±̡
˵ŴʦϾǿֱڳѧ֮вӵ˼ˡ

ɪŽԼе֤˺˵ĿһһɫѧԱĵ˼˼ҡ
Ұ˵ñȽϽҰͦǧǳǳЦ£֮Եƫ˽ǲԶ
иýҲģҲôİˣλϵ϶ܺáУͨ죬ʵС
ɲǣǧ뿿ϣ΢ЦĿҰ㶼Ų
У˵û뵽Լôð
ǧǳЦӦˣѽ

İ˿ҲһֱڿأǶУЦܿǺø
ĬĬƿ
ȻС۾
С۾ǶΪĲͬ⣬΢΢üֹ
ɻۡ
񳵣µ˽һװͱ˾ԼС
㡣ĵľס·½ǣС˵ȥһҸոգǷҪҳͷ˼ǿԼȥġ
ĬĬͷ
һĶ

һ۷ǧ㡣
һС
ͻȻ
Ҳǰȷ˶ܿĳ̶ȣǣסǧ·Ҹոտ㣬ҳͷ˼Լȥġ



56 
ǧ㴹һסԼ½, Ҳͷ˳ŶԷĿ⿴
ھ½ǵʱΪǴźʵ·, еҲûʲô
ǧ·ǳƽչټƺпĵ԰ͷǳͦԼôһֱӽǧ·еΡ
ĬĬķſ֡
ûϵģ̌ͷ¶һټº͵Цݡ
գ۾
ǧҲΧ˶һ˲ļž
̧ۿһС
С
ֿ˾
˾һ㶣ЩĪɴƿ˫۵Լ֮ʱһľɡ
ٴεͷºͷǧӡ
ôˣǧʵ
ü͵͵Ĺ۲һֱһԵУĶ򣬶Էʼձʮֵĵ΢ЦҲκβ
ͷ, ͻȻ۾Цˡ
ǧüͷ΢塣
ȻͻȻڴ֮ͥ£΢ڵ˵Ĵ괦ڷǧĴһǡ
ͣ롣
һԵ˶̲ס˾ȵķӦ
СԲ۾ֱȻڴ֮ͥµϷһֱзǳķǧ㡣
˾ޱ鵫ǾɡĶӲˡ
һסҲûڸǾ
Уһ
ſ˷ǧ㣬ڵ, ˷ǧ, ڱ˿ӦǺúõĽһǲŶԡ
УȻЦ, Լˡ
лл¶һ˼ĴӵЦ, 㻹صһ𡣡
ŷǧ΢Цͷµƿƶˡ
ǧΪЦ, ǲԸ϶¶˵ı飬ûС
ǧĬԼô
һôɣ
˵УʵδҪҵ֮ĸΪӵݣȻǽܻһҪҵ, ǲܱҵֲ
ͳΪһλҪƣΪ, ٽϸղŷǧصغУ˵Ļ϶ԼҪʵıֳΪµ̬
˵ΪʲôǧĹϵ÷ǧ㻹Ҫˡ
˵Ϊʲôǧ֮ǰʼ²ġ
˵ΪʲôǧͻȻΪ
ȫˣ
СϿǲ˵Ϊʲôô飿
Ȼе㲻˼Լ˵ɵƯ
ɵվ˷ǧߣ̬
ͬҲע⵽ǧļЩӲ
Ӧڴ֮ͥôȴҪΪô
ѡ
ǧӲǵĵطһֱŵʱ¶ȡ
ϣϵͳ
УԵǧӴۻ㣨+3
ȻŬҪԼƽԸΥǵĳԺлص
ǧϯָĳҲ̬󷽣ˣһ¡
վǰ໥֮ȫǱ׼ҵ֮°֮ò̬Ȼﲻһȴʱơ
ʵһ񣬷ǧ㲢Ϊѡ
ǡ
ǧŬҪԼ侲˼άȴ˿ԾĺˣܲӦ
ȫ·ƣǧ㿴óǸĸԣȫǶѧ
Լ·ֿɰ˵ĻʱԼûע⵽ԼЩ˼졣
ǧ뿿ϣסñע⵽ԼҲͬЩ˼ģ

ܿɰ
ǧвĶֵۻ㣨+5
һοɶۼӵ񣬶ؼӵ㼸һˢĺûᣬǧ㵱ȻܷŹ
ֻҪ㹻ġ顯͡¡ͿƵˢ㡣
ֻǸѡ
񣬾Ȼ÷ǧ㳢˱ζ
С㣬Ѿȫ׼ˡµ˸Žʦһ
Уһ˵ҲǱûʲôˣҪҪûʱ䣬ڸһĲζ
סУģӦȥɡһ˵Ȼͷ§§ǧļǵĲ¶Ķߣ⡭ǧ㣬æȺȥɣҺÿѧУ
ǧҡҡͷֹסָ뿪̧ͷУ˵ֻͰ˵ãУӦûԵ£ȥæɡ
ǧżЦ⣬Ц۵ף仰Ѿ
ͻȻˣҲûʲô׼ȷҲкܶҪͲˡУҲʮɫ˳ŷǧĻ˵ѧҪæܺ˵
УȻô˵ţʵڿ漴УݸһƬ֮ͺܿ뿪
ǧ㰲ĿţƬĺ壬м䲻
ƬʲôȻڷǧûж˵ʲôʱһԷƬŽƬݸ¾͸绰
˼Ƭ㣬ҾϸѧҲûʲôҪרУ
Էһأ͵㶫ʲôƫͷ˵
ЩС£ͺˣô鷳˼УأԲԲĴ۾ۡ
͵ˣôС£Ķɹ˺ðɣ
ҾʹЩͨ·ܹҲûǮ˾Ͷˡǿʶ
أ˵
޹ܰ˵
Էһ˵
ĬƬ̣ͻȻЦŶӣܾýֵֹģڿǺǰһǰϹġ
ҲǣûСޱĻص
УһƬΪ˷չú˽õĶ򣬿˽ﲻϵ鲢ܣУҪǰͽ
ϾǸ˶֪ÿһ춼Ǻܣǵһļ̳ˡ
һѡ
һΣȴֱӽƬ
Լ
СǧͷԱߵС˵ר֪ͨУ̷𣿡
ǵġСԷǧ˵̷ѾѧӦòٳѧУˡ
У첻ӦóֲŶԡǧüͷ΢΢𣬡̷ûбˡ
ҽûǰȷϷ̷ĶˣܣܱǸ̵һ¡С˵
ǧӦҪϡ
Ǻһʱ䡣
ϣʱ䣬Ҫ鷳¡
õģܣڡСͻȻס
СǰһŷŴ
յļ۾Բ𾪿ɲţ־סС˫磬СͻȻķٶŵһ顣
ʲô̷ټĵͳ
Сʹȥôˣ
Ƿ̷ڴʱһ
ȥһŵıȽƫԵ
̷СԽļ۾⡣
ͬʱ
ſС˫硣
ͻȻ԰׳̵ٶȳ˻һһ㯵һֺݺݵס˫ۣһֻĲӣٳ롣
ǧķ˿
ǧعͷǿӲʧҰ
ǧ
ǧ㶪ʧԵҰ·룬ۻ㣨


57 
ءءŲ, 㴭ŬҪ, 㣬Һܣͣһͣ
ͷһֻۣͷһۣûκ˸ŻͣܵĽŲ
㣬ʲô£ΪʲôͻȻҪܣò׵õ˿϶̴ѿס˲ڴڵĴŴ
ΪʲôҪܣҲ£԰ΪʲôҪܡ
̷ֵʱ, ;Ҫ㣬̷ԭŮҲǰõĹ䡣
̷ߵǸõ·ߣΪǧ, Ƿҵļ̳, ȴռ̳˷еĲƲ
ĸ, ԭķҵ˷, ûհѷ̷-˺ڻ·һȥ
ͷ̷һǷ̷˽ı, һıȡϢһ߶Ƽ-ƣ󲿷ƪܵľ
һ뵽̷ǹĸ, ڴ-ϵĹãԴӸ˷̷-;޲ܴݲС
ΪʲôҪˣ
Ϊ˰
С˵￴ʱ򻹾ֻߵĶȤζ, ҲЩ˾趨ܴУһŵʵһЩдĶͻƤ
㣿ͻȻϿôˣ
ҲܵЩˣ΢ɢɢȡ
û¡Ҳˣ鶼ڷǧȥ֮ģôѧУǿҪܳʱ䣬˵Ҳһܼ棬Ԥ뻹Ҫģ
ĳƺɫһ٣ôˣ㣬ǰɲҽ
Ժô㡣ɫЩԭǳ谮Լ滻ԭ͵ƺһСС֡
ðɣͻȻôңͦ˼ġգգ۾ͻȻ¶һǳǳЦݣȥǿɰС-壬ȻЩǶ˭Ҳȷûл˼
ǰЦĲõŮķ̷֮едڰˡ
֣ɻĿ֮£Դ·ϣ˺˵ˡ
ôˣ㯡
ǲڴѧڼ̸ġ˵
жݵ㯣Щ˼ס󣺡˵ʲôأôͻȻҪ̸ˣ
ϸ룬Ȼҡҡͷѧ̸ûġ
㣿
ҲûϸЩ£ֻԼ᲻ᱻ̷ԣǴûӦζԴ
ҶһҪ󡣡ǰСŮͻȻˣ֪ôˣͻȻ˫סļ򣬼˫۶ԾԾԲ-
ղԾĺˣô˵ʲô
㲻ҪߣģԲҪκ-ҪԶڴ-ߵ֣ Լ棬ûӵǰס
㣡Ǹ˰ã㲻Ҫ˼Ұûע⵽Լ˼άƫˡ
ǣû˵ӣߡ߲ǲãֻҪ˵ǰٷְپǴһҪԶͲûָˡ
Ҳס˷ǧļһֵĴһתƻ⣺㣡
ңİˣǾԲֺģȫȰ˵Ҳʼ
㣡һͷҪ˵ˡ
ʲôͻȻ˵ߴһ㵵ͬʱͷǸǶС
һĿĶСҰУˣԼϣʱɫķǧ㡣
ô£Сüͷʵ
̷أûİʵ
ʶ̷Сʵ
ʶողԳƷ̷𣿡߮ȴŬĿԼԼ¶֮ɫ
̷ǷܵãոպҲѧУѧСûеõǧֹͶ˵˼䣬Ҳֻܴккͻȥˣڸʲô
ĵ˿һԼס˫磬ȻסҪƿƣ룬˫-һУֻǣͻȻȥ
Сɫ΢
ָָһԵʵ¥Ѹˡ
ҲȥСֱԷǧΪ
ֻзǧһֱɫĿ뿪ķ
ܣҪһ𣿡Сʵ
ȥǧ˫ķε࣬ɫڳȵ֮ȴ¶ӲĽ˼ȡ
ǧֻ̫ѨһһۣΪϵͳڲϼ˸ֱӺ˷̷ʺá
Ȼͼﳤƪ۹ڴ¡
ǧü䣬Ϊʲôרᵽ-͵ߣͨһȰ˵עʱӦû뵽ЩɣѵϲߣΪȰ
ʲôطʲôʹùߣ߱ʹù
ɴûк-Ҫ˵ߣ
ǧֻԽԽ࣬ԽԽҧסأоӿ죬һǣŬƽľٲѹƱƢֵȥҽԺ
ǧָεĴƶỬƫƧʵ¥ᣬͻȻŮﴫģָ̌ͣ
СһۣҲû˵
ϲˣ˵ģһֱҿǣǽĻһĻġ˵
Ŷ𣿡ԺǷܣȫΡ
㣬㲻ң
ɣ˵Ҳû취׼ﴫΪյмֿ飬ŷǧҡ
ǧ㱾Щ飬仰֮ͻȻȫʧһ顣
Ϊʲôе£-Ҳܲõӡ
Ļûдǧ봹ӣɫƽ
Ҳ˵ģȻǧ-岻ãʢǺȻĻشŶŬദǻʹġ
ţһ㶡
ǶܽûʲôʵУÿοŷǧ㣬һһǺ˵һ¡Ĵ
ǧĻʲôһЩЩᡣ
ʵǧҲǿ£ֻǺۣ۵ʱҲܶ˭¶ЦɣĻ÷ǧ㱼ף˶᲻ʹ࣬ڣ۳ɿҲĴ
ǧ㣺
ˣ
ǡҲʲôֵÿ佱ɡ˵ͨҲŲǲǣΪϲܣʩˣ
ҵ˼ǣŬĹÿһ죬ǧܻһûиһ죬ֱԼĿѻܴ쳣ûеļֵ㿴ǧôһ˾ģߵ˶-壬ǲˣ漣
˵
һ쵽˺ˣˣԹˣ԰縺-ﻹߵ˶ֵļһǾԲܳΪģ𣿡
ƺǿŵˣСķǣҲû÷ôð
ãն˵Ǻã
ߣϵͳƵʾš
ǧ֣ѸٵĹصǡ


58 
С΢΢ͷ, ĽǶֻܿǧĲ޷̽ǧ, ȴĿ˷ǧбرյǡ
Σյľٶƽʱ˵СǻֹģǧҲǲ⡣
ֵı仯
ı仯ȴ֪Ǻǻ
ȫû취ֹ
СĿӷǧ뿪ɫӵĿʱſڣ
СͻȻǰȥţǻҪʲôʱ򣿡
һ̧ͷϺ㯣һĴ㵡
Ҳ滹λõ, ûʲôˡžͿ˴ʱϵķǧ㣬ҲڣҪҪҪҷ㣿
һԵգգ۾ĿⶨڷǧϣȻȴͻȻͷǧߡ
һֱԷǧη, ƿ˫ۡ
, ʱûҪ, Ҫʱ, 鷳ˣǧ˵
̲ס˷ǧüۣô£Ĵƽʱǧ˵˵, ôоô
Դҩ
СĪĳƣ˵Ҫȥ𣿿߰ɣҪʱϵ̫ãܵʱ쵽ˡ
һĵ·, ѧѧܶ࣬Ĵഺ̬, һ˺Χ룬ۣǧһİϣΧͶɻĿӶ
Ӷ˵ģǧǳõ飬ȫ뷨
ǣ˵ûд
͵͵ŷǧ㣬ȥͨûκβ죬ҲȷǱȺܶҪ㣬˵ǧʮʱѾ˴ѧѧҵʵͯ
ǡ
ϱ˵һ͵͵۲ķǧ㣬ȻôܲãԸ㣬Ҳϡ
ɷǧ㿴ȥһ㶼ںӣô̹ȻĽΧĿ⣬Ǻ̬
ǰʼҲһֱںΧôǲҲأ
ôװȫ·𣿡ͻȻʵҲԶûҪôණɡ
һܴȫˣԺ᷽һ㡣Щ˼ЦЦ
𣿡ʵ
ɫһ죬˫ֲԾĽûС
ҲǸǮȥһ̨𣿡ѧʱ򼸺ǿŵԶյģ뵽ѧһ¾һ̨ʼǱԣɫһ䣬òְǮȥ˰ɣ
̽ͣûûУֻȫˣʵҲòԣǾʲôˣи
գ۾ͻȻŮͷüƻǺ£ҲҪ̫ԼˣʱʱҲǺҪģѧУҪ罻ǮҪ
֪ˣлл㡣ͷɵĻش̧ͷĴܾýǰЩ
Ѿ˸׼˵ԡͻȻǧ㿪ڲ廰ѧУһСᣬѧУ٣ҿ԰һĿǰֵýύ˵
һ㶣ŷַǧںԼ˵һʱ֮޴롣
δ㣬ôύһЩδѡǧ˵
һŷǧ㡣
ǧڣУʵ¶ҲǺҪһɸѡһֲҪˣвܴĹϵ̸


ᣬĿɿڴĿɫ·Ĵ˿ʼĴڵƷ
Ǻܱ׼ϴСҪ֮£½ͲãѧУͳһʽĴ̱֮˷ǳµò˿ʱȡôù̶Լ̨ƣȫһ˽Ļ
ˣǸѧУĴװЩֵĶ
ûϵѾУˡǧ˵ȻﳣסҪʵĻһᶨƷġ

ԡ̨ơ鱾֮ĵطҲȫµĹ滮СĿռ֮ȫһȫʵСССݻһǣƿԡ
ʱڵѷ׷׵С˾һ˷ָһһʳ
ѿʳ֮󷢳һ̾ߵɿڸ߶ʳһʳȻҪǧԪĻ
Ұ˵ôСȽϽܻ᲻̫ӦѧУķΧԺʹѣϣܶչһҰ˵áǧϣƽͣȴ޶˵ĳλߵʣͬѧҷ
Ȼһǿ϶ǻ໥չ˵ģһ͵ѧҲ޴룬ûзḻ֪ʶǲ֪ӦôڵĻ
˶ѾɵˣûԼһȻӵŮһĴ
ǡǸڣռ֮뿪ˣڷǧ̲ס˵Ǹ⡭ܣֻһͨѧ᲻̫ѹˣʵԣ
ǧͣΣͷΨһһˡ
һ㶣ʶĵͷ
ǧ㿴һ˵ĽþȫԼΪһɹˣʲôֶΣѾıʵĴΪΨһˣӦĺȣ͵һȵ˼룬һпõԴֶηḻԼ
סˣףֺס
ǧٴ˵һ䣺˵Ŀͬ飬ǲԱġ
ʶķûУ
ȻȴͻȻ뵽ʲôҧס´
ڹ¶Ժʱ򳡾Ŀ
ԷǧĻ޴ӷ
ָս̧һ
ɻƫͷ
̵ͷһᣬúġ
в׵ġǧƿ񣬡ҡ
ǧ֪ĹȥЩڹ¶Ժеʱ⡣
̰ҲĴ
ڿǧҲͬԼԻ
ɷϣôȷĺøС
ҲһͼֺöԷߵˣȥȡһˡ
ĺܲ˳֣ôװûʣ䱾ʻעˡ
ǧָĸǣΪ˰ȫûǴȷǷƽȡ
ϲɹȹѧǧβĶֵͬԵ϶Ȳӣϵͳǧ㣨+20ǧʵⰮݼڣдҷ緶ϵͳǧ㣨+5ϲǧ˴ɹ㣨+120
ǧͷβļӼ
ûôࡣ
󲿷ֵӳɣȫǳΪķӦ
ӵô࣬Ҳû뵽ġ
ǧΪԼĶֵ˸߰ЩΡ
Ҫ侲һ¡
úõ˼һԼĹϵ
ڻȥĳϣǧƫͷ彩Ӳɫ꣬˴ڲ״̬
Щۡ
ǧ֣ҪӴ
ǲʲôһ㣬̧ͷ˷ǧ
ǧ򴽣ͼ¶һЦݡ
ͻȻһ̶̥ĦĴ̶졣
ڷǧУѸٵĳԼ˫֡
˫εĽԼӵ˻У˾ĲҡΣıסǧ㡣
˾Ĳ֮ջȵͣ
ǧҰпĲɱڻС
ͬʱ˴Ա߿ųûҪҪоȻ
ܣû𣿷ܣСڸʻĽе
ǧҪ̧ͷȴ˻
װǧ㣬Ϊ˱֤彡ѿ۳㣨-50
װǧܳһǳְɣԵߣ뾡ĴԵϻðȫаɣ񷢲ǧǰͶԵĻʮӣɣ㣨+10ʧܣ㣨-20


59 
ȻЩС, ǺܿͻָΪ˾ɫĳڱײ, Ҳ̶ϱ֤˳ƽȣͻȻ̼Էǧ˵̫ˡ
ǧ򴽣ͷβܵ˻ζ;ŰˣС¹ʾѾҪ۳ʮ㣬ôԼ𽥱ãҲܷǸӵʵ
ܣܣôõ˵𣿡СΣȴʼյòش, ˾ȥҽԺ
˵СҪժԼϵİȫҪȥڳһֱŵļȴĻ
ȻͻȻһСһ㶣ϸȥ, Ǳˡ
Сһ, ȥߵ, ֺƽ, ֵ
˿Сų⣺˾ȥǷʲô
õġ˾˳ȥ, СӺӾпͷǧ㣬һֱһƣûб
Ľǧ㱧ڻ, ǧܵʮֳص
ϵͳʮ֮һֱӵ, Ϊű򿪵ԵʣҲв˿ںӵǣܵ˾ûзӦҲûǰš
ǧɴûô֮ͥܣΧĿ⣬ɶı˹ͻЩӦ
Ȼ÷ǧɻǣһֱû֡
һֱӵԼһһ㡣
ܣˣƣͼʻײ˳ײǳٲûԱڽѾڴֳ˾ͳ㱨ڵ
Ƶǧʱڻʵǲ̫ÿ
˾ӵһˣɫָֻǰӶܣĿǰǿһЩֳͿ뿪ˡ
ܣ˾ȻȥɣҺС˵Ȼʱûд󰭣ǻҪСġ
ƽʱǧܻں
ڷǧƣʵǶ
һɡǧڼʱ
Χ˴ӵ
˵Ǹ˾Ѿĳˣһ˯Сʱܲ𣿡
ǰǼ˲ˣһֱԼ׬ǮأҲǿôһײѩϼ˪ˣĲ̫ƴˡ
ʲôҲΣռʻ㿴Ůŵڻһء
ɲǣҸոҲһۣһŮݵŶײһ¶ɢһ
ڳĴ뵽˲ûȫرճŵĳڣǧɫ΢ô۵ĸоʵǲá
ǰ˲ɽֻǧԱĽԴĲ֮С
Ȼܶˡ
ǡ
ϵĵ̫ζԡ¶ǳǳǰġ
ǧ΢գ۾ëĲ΢еɪһ£ȻȴûɿԼ
ǧǲӦġ
˶Ϊܶ࣬ȻʵҲֻ㹻ĺôǮȨ
ڵܵõʲôأ
ǧ벻κɡ
Ϊʲôɲ֮䣬ͬһıסԼ
һǿԼû뵽ȻһᱻͬһģػڻС
ǧɫ΢΢죬գ۾ͼԼƽ
Ǹп𣿡ʱ̽ͷѯʡ
ֱӿںӵˡ
ǧĬĬĲͷȥ˿Լ
ɣ˾˾³ȥˡ
СڸʻӺӾһɲɿˣüë΢
ϲǧɡʮӡ㣨+10
ǧ˿
𾴵ǧãϵͳܰʾͻȻֵĳһ˶ܺ°ɣܿǺһΣڰ֮ҲΪߵṩůɣ
𾴵ǧãµͼ룬ǧʱ鿴
ǧüϵͳͻȻʾЩɻ
ǧסֱۣҪƿԷȻʧˡ
ĽԼ§ڻУûκҪɵ˼
ǧͻȻ֣ԼΪʮ֮û֣Ϊʲô֣
û£ſɡǧ㿪˵
Ȼû˵ǰſǸս˫֡
ǧڷֲԾˡ
ϵͳͼ
ϵͳͼ֮Уһµͼǧ֮󣬷һγ֮ʱþȫӵסԼ֮ǰģ
ʵͼչڷǧǰڳ֮⼲۶ĳںײ˶ƣͫжĿײĳģ
񣬱𾪺Ϳ־ı鶨ڼ亦µһϣûκԥԼȫȻûκεĺԥ÷ǧΪ֮𾪡
ڼ־£ѡ񱣻ԼǱסͷ뷽跨Լڰȫľء
ڼ˵Ŀ־֮£ȴ˺ͱ෴Ķ
ͻȻ֮䣬ϵͳʾԺлǧƺˡ
һͻĳ֮Уںµˣ
һֱŲ֪Ŀ־壬㿴ȥⲻ󣬿ÿεĽź͸߶ȼеľԱС
˾ûз쳣ʱһĲԡ
ѡԼȥ
޷ĸؿڣǧľãһһڴ̼ѾۻС
ſɣû¡ǧ˺ܶ࣬ԼᣬǧĴļûгûбײģһжܺá
ǧûйǰ˶̲סͷһۣȻһηǧȴû¶һЩεı飬һֱעĴĺ󱳡
ûж˵ʲôһһµİ
ǧڷɡ
ŷ㡣
֮ǰģֻԼˡ
ڰСʱ֮ǰΪĻ١
ڣȴʶԼͷĲͬ
ֻΪʱ򣬶ȴ
ɿΪǧѾƽҲ˶ƽЩ
ǧڿ
ûʲôֵˮҲûԤеĻţƽģƽЩ͡
Ƭ֮ͻȻ¶һЦݡ
ûˡЦݣǧȴûκΰĵĸоʶĿڰ
û¾ͺãٺ١ҲǷӦˣʲô¶ûз
Ϸżֲ˼ĺΣƺҪһԼΡ
ȻıȴͻȻһ
ǧķӦһѯʣôˣ
ͼֲ֣ʹ
ǧ㿴ȥ
գգ۾
òᡭ˲ԵСҲһ㶣㡭
ǧɫȻС˾ȥҽԺ
Լ΢΢̧ؽڲЩŤһ㯡
ԻûӦɫǧͻȻŭӿѵ֪۵𣿡
ͻȻѵһ±ƣӣҡûô࣬ңҲŸоġ
ǧҪ˵ʲôĪȴ˺һ


60 
ĬĬĿԼǽŤĲλ, 黹ۣһμԼĹǽڴλһϡ¡
˳ɾνѾʣ
ֻǵõʱԼֻʶֱǧ, ûעײˡ
󣬿˾ҴϳȻҽԺΪ־սڻָ
ûгʲô£ǵĳûУʲô¶ûС
Ŀ־ļʱʱ̶̿ھҲ֪ԼҪ˷ѣִôٵ˳ء
û£̫ˡ
ԼŤͻȻɵЦһ¡
ͻȻһֻǰ, Ť֮ϣûֱӴǾô鸡Ϸסߡ
ôˣ㯣תͷȥŵķǧ㡣
ǧ㲢ûп, ǿ˹
ķŤĹǽ, , ǧеıĴһ¶ȡ
ûϵʹðһ, ۵ġ
ǧûпڣǹ̶ĸ첲ж
ϡǧԣɵı첻˵
ҽԺ˼֮ȷֻѾ, ֻҪλС
㯣Ϊʲôͷ⣬ҪһѪ
Ҫ, ҪҶҽ󣬺˵
Ҳ, ҲҶô˵ţʵϻǺµġ
֮ǰΪĿ־徢ȥˣԼȻͷ˵Ŀ־ͷڻشҽĻʱ򶼴Ų
꼸ꣿҽʵ
Ҽ꣬ҹͷǲܸλйϵ𣿡ŵʵ
Ҿʡҽٴʵʲôôˤˣ
Ҫˤʲôƺûָ𣿡ʵ
ҽ
һԵСĬĬתߣβסЦ
ҽ취תעһ㣬Ȼӡ
ȻҲ֪ģʵǺ£λ᲻۰ͷȻܴӹؽѳԺ󲻻º֢ɣ
ԽԽǾ֣ҽ̧ͷһ۱񿴵ͷƤ顣
㲻Ҫôšҽٴ˵
ܡ
СͻȻзǧ㣬ͶַǳУʶľͿ˹ȥ
ǧվ
ǧٻǿ-Ҫվǰ
Ǵʱվıֱ弫ƯΪ¶˼ƯĲԵΪ̬ʵ
һֱҪӵˣʱͻȻվֻ˾øΪޡ
ĿԼߡ
÷ǧƱˣԼû취ƿ
ǧվڰϵǰ֣˸Ϊ޳ָס°΢ָ̧ĦĴꡣ
΢ָĵ¶ȣ㯵Ŀŷǧ㡣
ھƯŮˣʵƺȸռʱɫҪˣ۾ʱҲͬռʱǰޡ
ͬ۾ǧ˫ȴȳ˵ĸƯͫɫΪ䣬ȴףĺÿͬɫ顣
ǧĴָָ˳֮̽Щһ̴ӳɫоѡ
ǧָĵ˿أԼӿľ
ָ״֮ʱĴһƬհףϴĵ¶ȫˡ
ͬʱͻȻϴһʹ
ûӦʶҧһ£ȻַӦʲôſ졣
̺ǧָǰ˵ôôûҧƣ
ָһȦĺɫӡӣǲûҧҲûϣ˿
գգ۾ˣǧôڰԼתע
һоôҽʵ
΢ζһ󣺡оͦõģ
𣿡ҽٴ˵
̫ۡ
ȥĸƬɣԷһҽ¿˸ӣһ£ܻЩףʱ䲻Ҫ̫
Ŷͷб͵͵ǧ㡣
ǧѾصϣţûʲô顣
һԵҽѾںС˵һЩҪעˡ
ߡС˵Žˡ
ŶŶŶ̸ȥͷûиķǧ㣬ںҽ˵ʲô̧ͷûһ
һ뵽ԼովȻҧ˷ǧָҲЩ˼
ǧҲͬʱͷԼָһɫӡǺܿʧˣûκεĺۼ
㿴ǵĸ𽥱ãǺ¡ҽһ˵ĸԿȥͦʵģ˵ǰܣΪ˽ɣ
ǧָ΢̧ۿȥѪȥһDNA⡣
ҽдһ٣DNA˭ 
ǧָʶĥָⱻҧĵطʱʶҧʶҧס֮ɿˡ
ǧ㻺ڣ֮ǰ
ҽһ٣üͷȻҲù£ʵǲôɡ
ǧʼնûпҽǳԼ˼֮УǻشҽڶԼ˵ҽѾܷˡ
òȫ滻Ϊһ˲ȫܵ£οܣҲûжй̫˽⡣
һжϵͳ֮һηġ
ʶȫһˡ
ҽ˼䣺᲻̫ˣ
ҲҪǲǣֻҪǧ˵
ðɡҽͬ⣬Ҳǹ죬˺ü۷ǧ㣬նֹֻ
ǧ˺ܶࡣ
ȴѹ˷ҵ˼
ջ˱ҧָϡ
ɫӡ
ĹؽڽӵĲҲȷͬҽ˵һ˽ҽᾭҩ˱һãȻ
ܲ˵ģ˵֡
ƲӣǡҲ¡
оյһ죬ɹ˲ȥϰɡ
ڲϣԼһݷȫҪӣӺͲӾҪʦǳϸĵÿһʳﶼױԵҲ̹
ֻǡ
͵̧ͷһ۷ǧ㣬ܾ÷ǧı鲻Ǻܺá
Ĵ
ǲǲ̫ˣڷǧ㵥һ鷿ʱ͵͵̽ͷȥʵ
ǧڵǰָԾԵⰵȥ
ﲻ𣿡ǧ㲢ûкһǲΣǰ
ͻȻĵЩ֪롣
֡ǧٴ˵ҿԽи㣬и˽ܵ飬
һֱܳ
˲ˣֲǹȫܶȫã顭ǲ̫Ϸ˰ɡ Цָͷ͵ʾҪȥϰȥҲﲻʲôæ
ˡǧҡͷѾ֪ͨСег̡
һ㶣ԣôˣ
ģָ֣̌űϣ㻹Ϊ£ô뿪ߣ
ͻȻסôûˡ
ǡ
ŷǧı飬ܾЩ
Ϊ
Ͼԭܶ
գգ۾¶һɬЦݣеֲʲô󲡡
ǧ㲢ûнӻԼһ˱ġ
ͷһ


61 
ǲű, ܸܵǧϢ֪ⲻǴ
ǧɫ, ͣĽǶܿԷ繵顣
µĽëĿ⣬ȫ޷ƿ
ǣ˶¶Ȼƽݵ˲ΧȫȻһƬ
ǧĴ뿪
ͣȴĪԶ
ôˣʵ
㻹ǵãǽ𣿡
ǧʻñΪµĿͻȻȴֶȻӲڿС
ΪʲôͻȻôʣûͷǧ飬ôǵ¡
ôˣ޷ش, ɴ÷ģ˹ȥ
ǧ㻺̧ǶڱһʼҪƵĿռ֮ڣǧڵͫеӰӰӣͷ·һڰ, εĽС
ǧ, , ඼, 
ǧ㿪ڵҴûкڹ顣
΢Щ裬شҲһܺõİ¡
ǧ΢΢˸
ɿ֣ʱ䲻, ȥϢɡ
ǲǲ̫ˣֻصһʼ⡣
ͻȻǣһжֳڵ״ƺЩ
ǧգ۾, ˵ֻǵ㡣
ССˡ˿󣬡ûµ
ǧͷ
Ҫһ, Ȼһ-𣿡 ʵˡ
ǧ¶һ˿ǳǳЦݣֲȫܶ
仰֮ǰǧ˵Ļֱǧ㻹˻ȥ
һ㶣ͻȻЦ˳ЦĺܿģſεķЦ
ôˣǧʵ
ôһоǻ඼ڿԷУòҺòҡֲ˲Цᣬ֪ˣҪʱҡ
ǧӦ
鷿ţվſںһĶû뿪
Цȥ
໥ָôʱ䣬ȴ˿ûо÷ǧ¶
Ȼֻһ΢ϸڣȴĪЩʧ䡣
һ֮ķǧ΢ŪԼǣЦǻᴫȾģĪЦЦȴҲΪĿֶ¶Цݡ
ƶƽȵǧ㴹ע⵽εĲϵĵʾҪ硣
ǧصǰԶ
ø߶ĽǮάԼ˶ȨѾѧеĿ⣬Լͣϡ
ϡ
ȴû취ȥչһˡ
С
ԭ֮
ǧͻȻñοˣһ˵ĸоʵܺá
첲ƶ꣬ĻĻһDNA档
յĽǣȷͬһˡ
Ԥ֮УȴҲԤ֮⡣
ǧָû棬ͲɵӣִΣķ͡Ĺȥ
һֱȥ£Ҳκ
ϵͳѵһ𣿡ڰĿռ֮УǧԵ쳣ͻأ
Ȼϵͳȴ˿ûκεĻӦ
ϵͳκһָԵûзĲ޷õ֤
ǧԼſϣ̷ȫɢ䣬ƣˣһڣվͿе
ָŷ˿·𻹲֮ʱµϢ
ͻȻֻˣǧ㿪ڣ
ܣµճ̰Ѿ׼ˣѾ͸СֻдܣڹĿ֮ȷһһȥ˾ճ̡
ǧ۾ȴ侲ȥ˾ȸãȥһһƣͼʻ˾ûк͹˾ԱнӴ
Сһ٣ǻɣ
ԷһҲ˲ȥ˾ֲһξ㹻ٴסԺˡ
ˡС˵˼󲹳䣬ôߣӦô
ǧĬˡ
һʱ䣬Լ¶š
ڱȥ׷¡
ʱҪ⡣
֪ˣҪһٰ˵ȥС䣬һķǧĸɽ
ǧС仰Ķ
ǧ㶯˶˼άջûѡ
Сʱ̱ѣԼŲ֪޾׹Ԩ
ֻѾҶˡ
ǧȴſϡ
ſ˵˵Ļ
Ҫߡ
ϲǧϵĳͬԵϵĽ٣ԵĹϵӽ˷𣿿𣿰ĽŲ𽥿ĶǷѾɹأ
ǧ㣺
ԵϵͳƳȫ·񣺲ʵ뾡ܰðɣ
ǧ㣺
ϵͳܰʾʵΪ̶޻񣬲ʵпøϡеߣʧ޳ͷ;ǧ㾡ȫͬԵչܵĻɣעXXΪҲɼʵŶҪԥĴ󵨳԰ɣ
ǧְԼ̫Ѩ
һϵͳͷͷۡ
ģʱ򡣡ʲô˼ϵͳֵĻеɢ
ϵͳ⵽ǧɿʵǧǷҪ
ǡǧԥӦ
ǧ΢΢򴽣ϵͳͻȻʵ˿
ҪһȥӴɡ
һȷɡ
ŲΪԼеҪȴΪԼĶֹǰȻʧ
װǧ㣬ʵѾɹѡԵϷԵҡԵԡңǧѡϲĳвʵɣ
ǧѡ-Ȼֹ
ǧ۾
ǧ㿪ʼ˼
ϵͳƫѡôζ
ǧ̽Եʵͬʲôͬ𣿡
Ϊɶѡѡ񲻽ƣɶԽߣõĵ߾ԽϡŶ
һѡǧһ
ǧѡװǧ㣬ϵͳԵΪĻ̶ȶˣʵ񷢲Ƥ֢ڲʵڼ䣬ǧ㽫ָԵΪƤ֢ԶʱʮСʱ뾡ܵͬԵɣעӴʱԽɶԽߣ
ǧ֮˲ͷƤ飺һûѡ񣬲Ҫȡ壬ҪһЩֵĲ֢
Ȼǧôº󷴶ԣ-Ѿϵͳ³˷Ӧ
ǧ㲻Ծ˼
Ŀڴһͼį¶Ѹٵȫǿҵı˺ʹĸоؿڡ
ǧǿд-Ϣ˼ڣʹ࣬-ϵʹǾǿҵľУ롭롭ǳҪ
Ҫ
ҪĴ
˫ֵĴǸ࣬ӵǡ
ûһǿҵҪֻǵĽӴҪࡣ
ҪǺ޼϶һҪ΢ȫλӵƤǣ¶ȣͱ·ֱӹϣ
ǧȻһģʹЩ˿Ҳ콫ĥˡ
ϵͳƤ֢ᡣǧҧгݣ˦ӵӰ񣬡̸̸
ֻǲ̫Զ
Ӷû·
ϵͳܻ


62 
صԼķ˸, ȻԼ뵽ʵĴ-Ϲ˺ü£Ľһɢ
߼Ĵ̵ǺԼǸСļøָͬĴĴ̲ͬ, ʡ
ڴ-ϹһȦȴԼļУרŵʵĴ̡
һ죬˺ܶ¡
ڼ¥£ϤСȴṳ̂Ϥļͥ
ȥ֮κζԹ䣬ǸʲôûС
ڴ-, Щա
³
ڳ֮ɥˡ
׵Ѫģģڻĸǰ
Լ߾ȫĸ׵ȴջûлӦ
ԣǧǿʱ
Ĵˡ
Ŀ־޾, , Ŭ, һһ̲סȥ֧֡
漣, ֻҪ־漣ͻᷢ
˵ȫĻǧ, Ǻá
סӣһȦ
Լİű󣬽ŵڻˡ
۾, Щ
ߴŵȻ˼, Ժ۾
Ĵš
ϵʲô˻ţ
㯵գգ۾һʱ䣬ΪֻһȻһСʱˣ
ĵţȥš
˷ǧ㡣
ܣһ㶡
ǧΪʲôϵĳſڣ
ʲôҪ𣿡ʵ
ǻ˵ڣȴַǧЩԾ
ɫƽʱΪҰףʱͷð亹鼫ָһڷûǽס˷֣һʲôµģ
ôˣﲻȵȣȥҹܼҽгȥҽԺ̾ҪҽԺȻȥĶûüֱӱǧץס
ֹͣжԼĶ̫˷ǧ㡣
ܣôˣ˵ܸܲҾô
ǽȴͻȻֵ顣
ڷǧסԼ֮ͱˡ
û֮ǰǰǳʹģǧ˫ס֡
Щ¶ȽԼְһһķĸţĶϸСģҪеÿһݵ·ӡ¶һ㡣
ַ֣ǧıǳ棬˺֮ܶǰʹ֮ɫƽ˺ܶ࣬Ҳǡһ㡣
ʺţӲֲ
ǧĶڱĵʱΪǧĶᣬЩʶָҪȴǧ̶˲ö
ǧʮָۣһֻȫֱҪܵĽȫ
ܣͰ͵ģҪջ
ȻһջĶǧı̾ͱʹ࣬ڴʱ̧ͷ۾ȫǿͿߣѵһ㶼һ
ƺЩڽǧ㽫Լ֮ϣֱֿҪȫסֱǵܲ͸硣
˷ǧ̾
Բ۾
һǧһֻ־Ϳˣճ֣˳˹ȥ
ûü˯£䲢ûôɿһ˵֡
ĿŷǧΪ겻ȥָֻڱԵϵĸֱϵļ-ֽһŭȴСʡ
ӲͷƤ飬֪롣
ôˣڵķǧԺܷĲҪҽ𣿡
ܾȥĺأĪӶΣòǧʱֱ̽¿ڰɣ
ǧȫش۾΢΢ȫһԸཻģȻ̧۵ʱȴͻȻ
һʶĺһʱǧȴĪЩɣպþô˳Ƴ˳
ȻĿŷǧȾŭ⡣
һ±ƵʶҪˣȴַǧվˡ
ͱԸߵΪǷǧ㣬վѹʮ㣬Ŀŷǧֿ
˵˷֪ԼӦʲôӦô죬ڵķǧ㿴Բ
ǧƣ˴ȥ
ǧֵľٶĵսľ˫ںŴɪɪ⡭ܣ֨òãе¡
ǧһԲͻȻĿŷǧżƯһһǰŴտԼϡ
Щ¶ȣǧĽӴһһơ
շǧ㿿ļͷʮֲ-ǿг-졣
¶˵Ĳλǧ㽫Լ˽ȥ¶ȫʱ̾˿
Ӳͣǰ˲Ƿǧ㣬ֱӸƳȥƫƫ˾Ƿǧ㣬ȫ֣ĺԼһֱӽͻicu
ܣܣòΰɣô붼ûбĽˡ
ȻһǧƺǲӴָȻ̽·°ڡ
ͷըˣš
Ȼǧ֣ȴǻס
ûٽĶˡ
ǧ-Ųסˣɴ͹˴-ϣԽϷȫϡ
һûסɵ˴-ϣͬʱǧҲһſϣûйֵľٶ
գ۾Żҵƣ׵׷ʲô
ǧ㱾Щȵĺ𽥵ĻָƵʣıϢϵĴļͷһ޷ս
ǡ
Ҳоǧƺƽˡ
ܾ֮̽Եٴѯʣܣû𣿡
ȴ˺ܾãڵõķǧĻش𣺡¡
ôˣһ㶣һﲻ𣿡
ǧǳǳӦһ̾Ҫȴٴαǧѹסǧ𶯡
ǣ㲻ǲҴ
-壬Ǿ񡣡ǧĶ̾˿ҷˡ
ʲôʵ
ǧ㻺ڣƤ֢

ԭʱ䲻ֻǻͻȻǧס˵ȥһ㣬գĶ˷ǧ·ҧгݵͻȻҪ㡣
һ㶣Īͷֹĸо𽥵𣬴ͷܵϣĪĿʼȡ
֪ǧ㻹ĲֲҲжţʵǣոշܡ
Ȼǧûлش
ɻĿڣܣ
ͻȻоԼһ£۵ĵһ
ǧ޿κִż߾ţȴΪǵľʵ̫ÿһ
Ҹոգǳ㣬Ŀˡǧָսڷйʲô
ԴһȣһƬհףͰ˰죺Ǻܵģ桭ˣҡҸ㡭ҡɶ
ޱȡ
ǧס⣬ʹ֮໹һ˿ĸо
һ̣ԼҪˡ


63 
Ĵ, һطѹ˵أȴչֳ˴õĵ
ͷŴ, ϸµϸϸ壬ûй෱ӵװΣɫȴʣǻҪȥɫ
Լͷͷͷһͷԭ-Ͼֻһͷ, ԼӾ޴¼ҵóʹõģȻÿŵͷ᲻֪١
ĴƯҸ㼫ǿһ˴ĺһֻӱ߽߱ǽԼ͸˹
Ժз׷˼Ÿָ, ǡô޷ԴʱѹϵķǧǿҵĴڸС
ֻԼҪ, ǧƺΪȡ̶ϵļ-, ɴ˫·°, ˸¶໥
ѾŵָֺҲ޷ȥݸоԴ߰ȫ˼ɲߴǿҵĺȴ޷˼κ¡
Ѿ-彩Ӳ, ǧѹס˫-ȶʼ飬Ҳκζ
ںܣǳ, һҶϾǧװ׵˵ĺڷ, ôܶԲ˲뷨أ
û̸ȴҲΪԼǼᶨǵһгɫͬ˽ĽӴʱǷˡ
ô죿
ô죿ûʲô취滺һ㣿
ôڸоõ𣿡ٲõ㣬ԼҪˡ
ǧѾû֮ǰǰ㼱ˣƽ˺ܶࡣ
ǡǾͺãǸæһˣǲӦãϴ裬ʲôģ뷽跨Ҫʱ˵ľ롣
ǧӦˡ
ǲȷſɣͼѭ򽥽
ȻǧȴûôָʶĺƶϸµĴӴ-
ô׻ô
ͻȻű졣
ԲԼϵķǧ-嶼һ
ǧǿ֧˵עɢŵˡ
С㣬ҼܵſڣûйţǷķ𣿡Ůܼ侲ſڴ
ǧüƽʱΪǲŵչ¶ǰģܵľҪ
ȻԼз֮ʱ޴Ŀк;ʹٴϮΪĴΪĸо
ǧҧסͲ뿪
ЩԱ±ǿҵİĸ֮޴ķ÷ǧ֪
ڡǧڣȻƽȣɵ׻͸¶һ˿Σôˣ
Щγʲô𣿡Ůܼʵ
û¡ǧԱĽĲ޷ֿǿҵ
ôʲôҪҰæ𣿡ŮܼҺְܾϸĵĲǧкƽʱʷܣҿԽȥ𣿡
У𡭡ȿڵȻƻЩ˼ġ
Ůܼжݵĳɡ
ǧ֪˿ϾǧԼ롣
ΪΪڻµ·䣬ȥòǱֻΪʵĴ
ļҲԱ¶ŮܼһЩϢƽȵ뿪ҲͰˣȻˡ
ȻŮܼ˵С㣬ܵ-״ʵҪʱʱ̵̿ע⣬ķϢҪʲôʱȽϲжԣʲô뵽ܵķȥ𣿡
ǡ˼ûСͰ͡
ǧ֪ŮܼˣҲ͡
ͷࡣ
ǧӦȥϢɣ
õģܣС㣬ףߡ
ŮܼʮȽĽŲ΢΢̤뷿ţ˽Щ֮󹧾İŹϣͷβûкĿһۡ
űϣǧ㵽׻̾˿
һԼܵͻᱻ֪ɡ
״̬Ҳûиж뷨ˡ
ǧԱ
ȥϴɡ£С˵һ춼棬ôȣһ϶š
ϴ˯Ȼǧʱȴ֡
Ϊʲôϵͳڣԡôһ˵ˡ
еĽӴᱻʵļ֮С
ɷϵģȻ֮ʱĥʹ̣һȻƮƮɵĸоȻԡ
һϴɡǧ˵ڵһҲֿ
Ȼ¶ʮ𾪵ı顣
ǧԼ˵ʲôȳ˸ӰƤҲ𽥷˷ɫȻ˵֮˵ʱŵģȻһϴ-裬ܸܵһ
ڷǧǲһ˵ʱϴĻ𣿡
𣿡һ֣̾ɫ
ǧҲȷû˵ѡ
-𣿡ʡ
ǡֻҪ뿪ͬӵϷһ
һҰϴһϴɣȥķ䡣
ˡ
ķ㡣
 ǧ˵ﶼȥ
ԡһ-ĦԡףһϲݻƣǶԷǧ˵ԡײôʵãΪ-ԣԼԡҲȫơ
-Լȥ֧ţǧ㼸ȫҲһ
ƣ
һʱ䣬Ѿе
ǧѾ޷֧Լ-尲ȵԡ֮ڡ
ȵˮ-ϻǧȴΪ¶ȵ¶еѡ
̫ƣס
ͻȻһֱȵ΢ѹסļź󷽶ȥǧʶľֵֻˣź󷽿ȥ֮ʱȴǿؿڡ
Լһ-ԽܸܵĴУϵȵ˿໹Ҫʡ
ĺ󱳿ѾΪˮ·ʪϣ-к޷ԵϸĴУȵˮ֮УǧԼƺǱƶĲ˼顣
ңԼһֱšڶһ㡣
ǧ㷢Լķɣ˰ˡ
һʹ١
ǧ㿿ĻУˮʼů-壬΢΢ͷܿĲǣͬǰ㣬ǧҲʼЩעССϸڡ
ǧ㿪ڣɳơ
İǧϴ-裬ȥ棬ҲԲƮ
ǧֻһԡڵţҽǰҽԺ֮ڣѾҽʿСϸ
һ̹Ȼ֮
ҽԺ㻤֮ʱҲ̹Ȼ
û޷ƵЩӡ
Ϊ͸˼ҪԡܵڵͬһŮ˵СŮĺ̬
Ƿǧ㲻ӵֻԼ
ǧ㻺ڣĲ֮³һ˿Ϣ
¶Ⱥøߡ
Ϻ㡣
仰£һֱŵĻһȵ䵽ԡŵȥá
ǧҵԼɫĶȤζ΢Ц


64 
üĻֵȥ, Ȼȫ޴ˣŷǧֶڲ
ůˮ֮, ǧԲߣ˸ҿԼ
ǧˡ
ǧԼһӵﶪˣܲҲù
ѵ𣿡ǧ۾޴侮ʯ˵ֽŶѾ޷ˣ
ǧ㣡յһ·ǧļ򣬡㲻Ҫ˵ϴ-𣿣
ǧüе߳ŭ׽, ſ졣
ȻûڣǧоסתסĺԣǿŤͷ漴ͷͻȻǰҧס´
ǧ۾, Žߵ, һƬ֮ɫ
û
ֻвһҧҧĴ, , вǸǵ-顣
ǧͻȻ
΢´꣬ȴѾ˻ȥ
ס˷ǧ˫ۣ֮ĶΣҪ˵, ϴ-費Ҫϴ̫ˣ̫ݾˣ㶼á
ǧǰһƬڰ, ԵĲԼǸǵĴ, ҲЩӿ졣
ΪյԵʰɣǧҪƽԼľڿ-쳣
ǧĻ֮УԼԼˡ
Լڱ֮УҲӲΪҪĶ
ȻڷǧͻȻףָ鲢ǿ⣬ȻȻ¶ġ
Ƕߵͬ飬ǡ
ǧ㻺ĵ˵ͷ
ɿ
һΣǧİ
İϴ-壬һһ֮ȫϸºСġ
ڵ¶ȵ֮ŽѾϴɾķǧ˳ȥǧ㱻ˮڵİʪͷôķǳˬ
뱧Ž˷˴ϣ˿ϴ裬оǾһսľƣ
˷ڴ-ϣȻոʱȴͻȻǧ§ס˼
ǧ˫ֲϷɣͼ-ȥ
˫ֳס˵ȥϴһ£ûôϴϻʪģѴŪģ-ܲó
Ȼǧȴǲͬһģս˫֣ܸܵĽӴ
벻㡣ǧĲ˵ӶС
ǣҵȥһ¡ҲûʶƤ֢֪֢״ʲôģǴ֮ǰǧԼʱ־ģôǷǳصĲӣһ
ܲľôʪ˴ˣٻһ׸ˬ·
ǧ㴹˫ڽ֮£ǧջǷ˫֡
Ѹٵԡңֻӡ
ϴʱԺжǷǧ첻ͬƽճ˺͹ɣƽʱǿƲҼǿ˵Ǻܴķ
ңȥҲƽʱ˼
ĵ򴽣ãǧرĿɰ
ͻȻ˼·ϣŵһ顣
ǧȻԡҵš
ô
ҵĲɾԼ-壬һ˯£ѸٵĴԡҵš
ǧȻֱӱס-壬ܵĽԼȫļ-
һģòײס
Ҳ֡ǧȫǲͷ·ʧȥĶ̶̵ļӣĪʹһ㡣
ûϵҲɿġۣСĵοӷǧôеĶϣܲµԷѾ͵ˡ
ʮֲƻص˴-ϡ
ǺãоǧͬצһԼȫϣ׻зģԼЩѡ
Щ-ţǿĴڸУĴһƬҡ
ʱıϢɨļȻһ顣
Բ𡣡ͻȻǧӶ
ͻȻѡ
𽥵ʶԷǧ˵ǺܵĲɣӴ˾ͻʹ̣ⲢǷ
ΪԼȻķǧܿɰǿҵ֮飬-壬Լ˫Ҳͬƾܵӵ˷ǧ㣬޼໥һ
һġڷǧĶ˵Լʮģһһֱġ
ڷǧĲ֮ǰҲԲ֡
ӵᣬ˾ͻ˺ǧһ㡣
ԭһֱ񾭣Ϊ˯ţû뵽˯ȴȻӿ޷ֿվӵƣ𽥳ߡ
Ȼǧȴû˯
ΪʵֵƤ֢-֮ʱǿҵкͰĸУܱݳõĸо
һ˯ֵģֻҪͷǧͬһǱʶаԼֽš
ּ˯֮ʶ֮µǨͣҲ÷ǧΪԼǱԷһҪλϡ
Ǽ-޼䡣
ͷ·ǶԷҪˡ
ҹ֮Уûܲĵطǧ㲻Ը˯
ϣһݰȫУܳõȥ
ȻȵĺԾõĴ
һҹǰδеĺߡ
ڶϣԼİӶˣӲ
Ҫ
Ȼ-쳣أͷ
˼Ѿȫѹϵķǧ㡣
ֹͣ°˯˾ѡ
ϸĿŷǧ㣬ִ˴ա
֪ǲĴԼ֮ƺоǧʼʱҪԲһ㡣
ֻһ㣬Ҳ֤Ӧڳˡ
ǧգ̲ס
Ϊһ֣ͻȻǾϲ
ͼʱ򣬷ǧͻȻ˫ۣ˫ںƯ۾ʲô˯ԣȻѾˡ
һһתԼ硭Ϻá
ǧûпڣ΢΢򴽣ԼĲ
ȻˣֻȤ
ӣǧֹ
ˡһʱ䣬---֮»ҪôܵЩ˼һܼӦþҪгԷˡ
ǧһԲ̵һ
Ѿ˯ˡѾʼ㲻ܲʱԷθá
ǧ򴽣ڣ˵ɫɲ͡

˵ʲô
ǧ۾˵㣬
ҪЦ˺𣿣һͨ췢̣Ƥ֢Ǹô£ܲԷ
Ȼӷǧĸһ

ǧ㣺
ˡʵʵ˵
ǧӦˣǴ
ݺݵĳ˳ǣһûԷϿ϶ѵǴ
ͬʱʱŮܼ׼ʱڷվǰܣС㣬λϺã緹ʱ䵽ˣλͲ͡
ǧգ۾ǿ˼ס
ҪȥԷˡǧԼķһܼ֪ˣ֪Ϊʲôֿʼȡ
˽ǧ˵

ŮܼҲԵĳˣҲԼĺܻɣǸܣû
ǧƽĿļͷָſϣ˵Ͷ˽ò͡
𾪵ĵԲ۾
ܣ
ôˣ
ѾײҪ𣿣


65 
صĲȥ·, Ȼƽʱв
ڳĳʦͷʵܼңڿ׼𣿡
һԳʦ̿ʼ׼װ̡
졭üͷ˵, ҪСķгͣ׼һ¡
Ļأȴûһæµ̧ͷע⵽ʱʦֶһʮԻĿ⿴
ʲô˵
ʦ˼£̽ԵʵǸܼңܲ˵һ飬ոҺ˵ҪСķгͣ
û, ô˵ġʦ𾪵飬ֵĺ⣬ʱҲͬ˷ǧͬĻ
ʦһԵֶһۣ˫ڶԷ۾￴֮ɫ
ǧ-ǷѲ֮⣬еĲʳڲԵ, -岻òҲķ䰡, ǷʲôΪ֪Ĺ֮
ʦԼ, һܼ, ʾҪС㷿Ĵ-ϳԣҪһԵĲ輸ϳأ

ʦõԹ
ΪõԸ̫𾪵ѯϸڡ
Ĵ-ϳ
롣
ʦһĴͣһװڸõĲ;, ֱŲͳȥӦܵ󡣡
ı΢ȴҲܸлʦ飺鷳ˡ
ʦֿųʦŲͳ뿪, ȥӶԼľԡ
ͳֻʼӶСȺԡ
ǾԲ֪һܣ
ķǰɣǶ֪ˣ˿ܵſ, ܼҰѷܵƽȥˣȥɨ˵һ϶ûлԼķ䣡
ҵ찡һ֪µ𣿷ܾȻĺͬˣ
ǰҲ𣿶Ҳڷܵķ˯˰
һοǷȥķģǷİɲȥôģ
ҽȥһ--壬Էһ
ҽҪȥҽ㱨ȣ
ҽԣ
ҽҽҽһҪ˵˵ѵľ͡
ҽ˷һϢڱԼϰѵ±𣿡
ҽʲôطͻ˷ܺСͲˣڲԹɫ
ǰĹϵͻͽǾ͵öһˣ
ʱһո﹤ӶɻʵΪʲôǶ˵СܿµӣҾС˲֮ǰʱأ
ʱȺжݵļž
е仯˵ûǰôͱˡ
ǰԸת䣬һǲǷ˾޶ծԹŷء
ʱȷ˸ƵģѲ롣
ʦſŵȴͷһֻ˵ĻҲһѾ
Խˡ˵Сһ㣬еĶ׼̾ͳ
áʦŲȥˣʶĿһȦǧʱڷ䣬վǽ͵ȫеĲ輸ϡ
¶ȱط¶ȶҪߣΪӭϷǧ£ʦ¾;ЩˣȻڷ²̵ʱͻȻԡ֮д
𣬾һ£ͷſһ£Ұ·𣿡
ʦĵĺĶ
ܣװķܣܲҶഩһһҲ̫¶ˣ¶û
ãֻܿ㡣ǧУ壬˵Ļóʦһա
ıҲΣһϣһ·ǧҪ̫֣ҲѳʦĶϿһЩ
ʱԡڵĶСЩ
ʦӶ߰뷨Ŵ˲ˣȻԡдѹ
Ҵ򵥵Ķ̿ɣģʹ̿㡣
-㲻Ҳһǧص
ꡭס˷ǧ죬ԡж϶Ĵѹ͵ԼһЩʪ ˡ
ʦŲͳȥʱѾ˸һۡ
ȳȥˣܣֱ֮ӸҷϢһԹȡ̡
ɫ临ӵģţһΪ֮ɫҲ⡣
ĵ˿ŸҷŴ˵ܣϿԶɡ
ֻϴľԼӼһѵһ糿
ϴжѾͲ˵ˣǧ㻹Ҫǳ¶·
ǧ¼һ׺ܱ¶Сȹոպðε֣¶˴ƬƬļеļ˿һ·ҲͶ൲סһЩص㲿λǰغ͸ֵĿϵƣо·ûһ
ԭ·ԭһϲָȹӣҲ֮һ
ûô¶·봩׿㶼ֹܱ
ܼˣζܼˣԭǰô·ŵģ¶Ŷѵϡ𣿣
Ŵʵʵķǧ㣬̾˿ҲԱ֮ʩǧ-壬ǰܲ
첻ϰ ʮε̾˿С𣿡
Сˣûطˡ
ϡǧĳŵļϣ۾һ㡣
ܡⲡһãɵʵԭΪһϾܺãôͱ䱾أ
ϡǧص
һ㶣ܸôȷʱ䰡
첻ùûϵ𣿡ɼǵ÷ǧǸˣ϶ǳѡ
ʲôϵǧģҲټԣ۾ȥƽʱмĲࡣ
鼫临ӣƤ֢˸-ᣬһܸıһԣи̫ˡ
ӵŷǧ㣬һһιʳǧȫԱߵΪǹϣ㶼뿪
ڵķǧжճˣжൣġ
ǧ㲻ˣ֪Լʱʲô飿
һ룬;Լӡ
ΪͶιǧ㣬÷ǧԼ˫-֮䣬ȹƣ¶˲¶ģֻԼڵģñ˿ˣԵˡ
ܡͻȻţֻͷ˲ţʶľҪȹӣɷǧʮֲסֱ޷ж
ôˣǧ㲢ûкֻҪǧ㲻֣Ҳ֣һͷ
ſڵ˵ҽˣ˵Ҫ-彡ճ飬ʲôʱ
һ㶣ҽˣǲ֤ǧԷſˣ
ĵڣǧĻվȴûɿ
˳ŷǧȥ˴ߣǧƵ˴-ϣıͻȻ϶½˸ʵʵ
ǧ˴ϸĻС
ҡǧ
ܵ˳˷ǧ㣬ס˷ǧʣ׷ǧǿҵĽӴԸԼ-ڷǧϡ
ǧ΢΢ıµñ콫˸ʵ
ɡ
ǧ㻰£˲Ӳ
ʲô
Ҫƣ
ҽ


66 
õ˷ǧĻػ, ɫӵĻͷҽһۣС˵鷳, ҽ
ҽ˵ͷڽȥ֮ǰ̲סһƽ顣
ҽԵĿһۣϤŮܼһ򶼷ǳкøУһ˿ѷɫκԵŮˣ޴ļͥľŮ˾Ȼ¶ɵɫΪʲô
ҽȺݣ͵͵Լ˰ȥ
ķ¶Ⱥܸߣ߽ȥܸܵ¶ȵĺ¶ȵĲ, ߿һЩ̣ŲͳʼϵĲ̡
ҽĿƿ˴ķ򣬷ǧʱŰɫĳ˯°ڴͷ
ķֻһƬɫͬķǧķ䲻ͬĴůɫ, еķǧƺΪůɫȾƽﶼ֮ɫ
ֻǡ
ǧĸűӵ, ֮¾޴¡ԱλεĲһˡ
һƬհ׺ãȻ, ֪жĪ뷨Ժ, ˼ȴֻֽʣһƬãȻ
ҽͣȫԼ׿ʲô
ڱӵ£֪ǲԼ۾, ʵĸԼû⣡
ڱӵ¸ʲô
ΪʲôҪڱӵ£
ҽסԼ޷Ƶĳ鴤ı飬¶˺ƽʱ޶ĵĹʽЦݣǰ, һԵʱķŹһӡ
ҽ̧ͷ齩Ӳĺл, ǻһһ
ҽһ»ΣҽһеģʲôĲûֵҲޱĽ
ֻͺϤ״ڷǧϾ޷¶֮ɫ
ǧ㲻û϶Թɫû˿⣬Ĵű죬Բںô̹ȻҽԼǲ̫ټˡ
ҽ˿ʼǧһЩ顣
ǧϣԷǧ˵ͬԷˮһ
ֻǡ
ҽ۽ǵע⵽Ǿ޴ıİ֮£-Ѿʼ
ҽɿһǰĽ顣
Ȼ˵ǳ飬һ˵-״̬ο״̬ܿһˡҽܵĽԼĿڷǧıϣֱ̫עӷǧ˫ۣʵǲҵͷ
𣿡ǧӦ
ҽǧ֪еע¶ڱѾ͵ˡ
ʹʹĴˣҲкܳһʱûΪ֢״ؽҽԺǰټ¡ҽ˵ľȥɫҲ˲٣˵ǱƯˡ
ҽڵ٩ǧ㣬ľ÷ǧƯˣ˴Ӿʼͻı仯
ǧȻҲöġ
ҽ˵꣬ǧܳʱ䶼û˵
ȻҽȴûоúΣȻǳܸоǧ㲢ûڲá
ллǧְ˱Ϲ¡ϣͣҽĶЩ졣
ҽ뿪ʱġ
鷳Ҫȥ˵
ģǩЭģһʲô¶˵ҽ˵ţĿһķ򣬡Űᵮ漣𣿡
Ȼҽո˵ҡҡͷԼЦˣڵ˶氮ϵ˵Ҫ˵Ůˡ
Ҿ˵˵
Ŀ˾ҽ뿪վſںܳʱ䶼û˵ҽĻûгϡ
ǡ
ȴҲûзϡ
Źر֮û̳ǧҲڼž֮У𽥵ķӦԼʲô
ΪϰƤ֢֢״ǧǿָһǡ
𽥵Ŀʼã飬ǲǲס
ͻȻǧ㷢ģЩɻƿ˱졣
ͨ¶Ұ֮£һʱ֮Ȼ޷ֱΪƵĻߵġ
ǧ̽ԵĽе
˫ֻסǧ˫-Ⱦܵĺͷǧϣǳ̬ʱѾȵһͷ
գգ۾ڿ硣
ͣԼڱϢӶǷǧ˫-Ȳ£֮ʱ·壬ӱǶ˴ĻŷǧϢ͵ҩ㣬ǧȳ˸һԼ
ĬĬѾĵѪǡǳԹˣطɡ
ǧǰȻ§סĲȥģ
ʲôطԡֻҪҪŴˡ
ӶǷϡ
һҽʱ
ôʱȻӶ߳ܵ¡
Ҫˡ
ڴ-ϹȥҪˡ
ʱ֮ĲٿŴˣ
ǧգգ۾ȥϷҰɡ
´ϷҺðϷкܶתעϷܲڴ-Ӷ߰ġ
´Ŭİѳȹקקͷһ۷ǧ㡣
ǧΪ뿪Ĵ̾¶˼ֽ겻
룬ɡ
ǧûκԥľĺ󱳡
ᱳŷǧ㣬һʼ赽֪ôԼĸһЩҲ֪ô÷ǧſĸһ㡣
ֻǽ죬ЩӦȹʼƣֻܾıŷǧȥ
Ƶ뿪ҡ
ܲӦȹܾԼѾ¶˵׿㣬ñ˿Ǿ̫ˡ
ܿǰȴҲȫάƽȣֵǽɨӵӶ˸٣ǿҲǸպڹսһţܿʧˡ
˿
ǧΪһ֮ôܻûӶڹߣ
ȻǶԵģĽǶܿѾ͸˵Ķ
ǧſĺϣԱȫҲļȴûκεĵģÿһߵĺȣǵʼԼʱһֱڲ˫-ȡ
û˻Ըһֱһе˵ĴߣУɷǧΪԼһˡ
սڹ¶ȥ
ڣǧȴԼӵ̫ࡣ
ǧ㲻Լ˼Խ˼ͷ·ԽܹѰҵĺãķԼΪϵͳbuffԵʣ˼ģʽΪ˴ƽʱкܴĲ޷һ侲˼ά״̬
ڽϷ֮Ȼ͹ţžǳ̾˿
ǧµʱʶĳ˳Լĳȹ
ǧɳУΧĻ̫ˣֻмװεƷĵ⣬ǧҰոպÿȼķ϶͸Ϸڱɫâ
Īıʹ֣ȥǱɫĹâҫĹѩ˫-ȡ
ͻȻ˴--ӦѸٵ岽Զ
ԼĳȹһŵĿŷǧ㡣
ٴĿڣǧһԲǽĴԱֳļתֱ¡
ǲǲҪ͵Ϯû׼Ͱ͵ĿڣǳĸԼ⣬û߳ܵ¡
ܽӴĵʮ룬ǧɫѾʼͳ˫İĻ·ǳǳɫ⡣
ΪƤ֢ԵʣǧӶҫɫƤ
ǧңÿ¡ǲ
ΪʲôҪǧôİĻ
Ĵ𣿣
ڷǧ۾ﶼ·ð⣬źȥͻᱻ̻һ̫ˡ
ⲡʲôʱܺð


67 
ûðôѹ, ڵķǧԲ̫˯ʱ˯ȥĶĶ˭֪, ôģֻҪϷǧ۾Ϳʼ
ڷǧȲĳҪ˺ܶࡣ
ݺݵ˿ڿˮܿһۣͻȻӦϷҰĵ̣
ǰס˷ǧ, ǧر
ȻֻҪֻһоͻȻͬʹʱͬһŵ
ǧӵ󱳵ÿĳ, ŵļ, ԼƤغϡ
ͻȻڷǧĶ˵, һϷɣ
Ϸ
ǧĶͻȻһ, ӵס֮ǧƽ飬̽һƬϷڵĲá
ϷұϾǾרҵʦƣ涼ǳһϷߵ
ǧʵһζṳ̂
Ŀ¿һȦ, ǧԼʩӵĳɹ⡣
ǧ㲢ûнӴϷڶҵ֮ϷҲһ
ȥչϷҵֻⷽ˾׬Ǯ, ǳֹþա
ϷȤ
ҪϷȤֻҪµ㹻Ϸлˡ
ʲôϷ𣿡ʵ
ǧĬƬ, ˵˼Լ¿Ϸơ
Щӡ󣬡ϷȷǺҵζʵ̫ˣиȫΪȦǮĻҲȷŲô
ǲǺϷ𣿡ǧʵ
ϷֶɣʵҪܴ˲źðɡص
ǧ۾ıȵҵȵȣ¸нƸļӴŶϷûд˵ĵط
ǾߵԼˣǧ㴹һ̸ǰϵͳbuff֢״ѹȥ˼֡
ÿ˶ϷȰǲһģЩ˾ϲ˵ЩϷ봽δ֪Ŀ֡˵
ǧüãһӵ˵ȫûκβο壬ЩϷʲôط㲻ϲˣ
ǧǳļǵ´Ϸֱһʱ
һ㶣ٺٵɵЦſ˷ǧͷҵ˼ܲ˸ϷϲֻǶҪ봵Ϸл
Ϊʲôǧ۾ֱ׷ʵס
Ϊп
ǧϸĴһֶκһϷڳƵһݵݽıϷȫͷ
ڰʾڵǮ̫٣ǧָĿƤڣֿʼ¶̰ı𣬲Ҫδز㡣
⡭ǣǮǮ⣬ѽ˵ˣ˽ЩϷûϲϷȻƬ̲˵
ûСǧӲĻش
ԳˣƬ̺̽ԵʵǸǧ㣬𣿡
ǧô᲻֪תƻ⣬˵ϸȴǧǮȥҲʲôҲһ
Ǯᵽʲôطȥ
ͬӹ¶Ժ֮޹ʣɶҲȷûнҪѴǮƵĵطֻҪ뵽Ǯȫ֪
ѵ˵֪飿װǮ˭ˣ
ԽԽ֪ԼûκɣǾǺܲˡ
Ȼˡһγڶߡ
ǧŴлع񣬲ŷԼָУɿ֣һ£΢˿һԼ󱳵ĵط
𣿡ǧʵ
еۡʵʵ˵ΪʲôͻȻˣ
ǧ֪ʱӦýȥɴΪϵͳbuffʵǶĿܵĲС
Ǯȥˣǧʳڵ˲֪Լʴ˻һֱ˽жΥͣδķչ
ǧԺ߰뷨ûתȻĸ˻ش𣺡˰
ǧһ㶣
԰
ǮǴģ׬ġǧõĻش𣬲ʲôǳĻشȻش⣬ܻõ䳰ȷ̫࣬һ˲侲ŻҲתƣκζ׬ǮǮֻͨͣǮᱻ̭
ٺЦƺЩΡ
Ժһһû̳ͦȫŲ㡭ǧ뵽һʼԼΪµɣüͷԾ
ͻȻ˷ǧļĺƽʱȫͬ
ǧһȻ̧˫ۡ
ģֵ˫۽
ǧסˡ
ô˵-岻𽥱𣿲Ҫ
ǷǧûߣίĿžֺ㯡
ں£ηԼʹķǧ˳ŵҲ
ģʵ

ʹĹ۲˺þãûڷǧҵƭ֮ɫ˿еľ建ȥǰգ˫ֿʮָۣ˵ǴƤ֢һǡ
úûŰڷǧĶСૣ
ǧģͻȻʲôһ¡
кͰȫвͬģһĸĵ׻
ǧʹĵͷļͷһǡ
-һͰ͵תƻ⣺ǸϷϷϲϷ𣿡
һηǧŹشûС
ûСʱģر˼Ϸʲôٴʵ
ƬδԺлǧ΢΢üûС
ôأСʱϷ𣿡ٴʵǵǧҲϷ
Ȼˡ
ҴС-ͺܲãļͥǧĻ𽥻˼ɱȴһжˣҵһֱҵҺ;ҲûıҪ
һ㶣ʲô
һţΪΪҴ㹻ĽǮ
ĻӦø˵ġ
ӦԼκͬġ
ûϷʱ䡣һ̣ǹϵͳbuffҲҪʲôȥ˽һԼұ塣
ʱ䲻ܱϷϣѵʱ䣬ŵʱ䣬塣
Ϊ˻š
Լ׬Ǯ¡
ǧ㽫Լȫϣ̫ģҲ̫ʵĴˣͷ·𣬾ǳһʱ䣬ҲܰĵĻһ㡣
ŷǧ鼫临ӡ
֪ǧıʲô
ϾֶûֹֻΪзbossԭĵʯûκֻһӻˮԭܹΪһвbossˡ
ԭз̷һһ⸴˵ΪȥĽ㱨𣬽ڷҵĲƲȫûͷβ䶼ûзǧֹ
ĵʱҲûǧɫ
ɷǧǻģΪ˻ȥþһзɾ˵Ŭߵı¡
ǧ˵Լȥʱ򣬹ƽͷ·˵˱ҵĹһ㡣
гŶԷǧ޷֮ڿڡ
ǵӵ˷ǧ㣬˽鲻ԽĿڣҪҪе˶ںֻʣңҲһϣúûš
ͻȻ䣬Ϸҹ
ʶ۾ƳͻȻ򿪵ţڷӿĹâҫ۾
۾ſվſڵСס
Ӿ̨һͷƤĻ
ż䱩¶¶-ͷǧֵӵơ
ĺ󱳿ɵָۼۡ
ɵıӵķǧ㡭
СվڴϷڵˣӲһʱ֪˴Ǻη


68 
Сվſ, ԷһѾıʱԴĻˡֵĻ
ͷ, ֳһԼĳȹסѾðͷ-㣬ܸ߳мֱҪĥˡ
Ϊʲôţ
һʼΪŷǧ㲻㣬ΪʲôѷǧԺ󻹲ţ
һ뵽Լո鲻Խϧ֮ֱǳܶȱΪʲô˳վ˵ȥ
Ϊʲô˵˰
ĻͷŲ֪ʲôʱʼһо۵׵СǺ޲Ҹȥû󷽰ɡ
ֻҪ, εľС
Ϊ߳ܶ㱬ޣСˡ
Сü䣬ͬʱ˫ָۣ֮˱鵱ʲôûһ, ֻһСĹ, ʱСš
, ȥμӻ, Ԥ顣СѾײٿˣֻ˽Ǻ޶µƽ
һ, оһˣǳлСΪһְҵŮԵľ˵˵ʲô, 
ǡ
͵͵ǧ㣬ǧ˵첻ϰ, ΪʲôСѾأ
Ȼǧȴޱ飬ûбΣ̹ȻĲˣ壬˵治ɫ˻̳ƭҵ֡
ǧû̻شСĻվŵԱ΢΢ͷתĿͣԼµɫӡָۣĸǺۼ
һʼתʱ±Ƶģǧָ¶һս˫ֲıס˫ۡ
Ȼһȵ¶ĺϣͷһȻǷǧ˿˹
Ҫǧ˵
һͷƤ飬Ӳ-һҶǧĻͬõ˾ҩһϲ񣺡Ǿ͸Ͽȥϰɡ
ǧ㲻ĵ˵һڷС
һǡô찡⡭
ǧտĺϣĿ⿴ϵָӡۣ˵ȥᡣ
˿
㱧ҡǧ㲹
ţ
ôţ
Ҫôܱţ
Ұ⿴С
СĹš

СѾȫϷڵ֮һǷǧˡ
ǧӹˣͷֶȻֶϷǳԣڹ˾ڼһãһжʵĵõЧ
ǧ㣬컨壬Ľǿ֮ˡ
˵ġ
ķǧ-岻ԭҪֳеĻڲòĳ˷ǧһƵĻ顣
صϷҡ
ϷڱرĵԺƵЧȷǧ鷿ЧƾܺڵһС
ǧǷǧ㣬ɻҵзǷļ⣬ָܹ©һѪһֱԶ̣ȴܹ칫ڵĶ̬
СһԣѸٵļ¼Ż¼ص㣬Ƿǧ˵һ仰õϢȫ¼
ڣҲɾŷǧ㡣
ϻۣǿռһǿ쵼߱ر
ȻôԼ裬Сı鵽׻Ǳסˡ
Ϸĵ£ɳϽ˶ѹ˷ǧ˫-ϣﱧһЯϷ
ƵǿģǧıҲһ
Сļ¼ȥˡ
ӶƵĵطŷǧ˫-ȵģС¼ص㶼ʼҡ
Ϊǧ飬¾֣ɼҲ׵ǴʲôʱʼǧĹϵѾõᶼҪһˡ
Ҷ˷ǧ㻹һƵģ
⵽ΪʲôСľԼǲǽƽ硣
С̲סͷȥſڷǧϵͻȻһֵ¡
еϷûϷ
ĻϵĽɫʼնշżܣȫûκǰģ
һʱСֿ˹ȥ
ǹ̶Ļ棬ʵûϷ
СɻȻͷͻȻһ˵Ŀ⣬СȻ̧ͷϵǷǧĿ⣬һ̵ͷȥͻȻֻȻѾˡ
Сһûܽᣬûκλּ¼
С¼ֽ˰գԼĹȻˡ
һֱɹǷǧұۣھȻĴ
ĻҪǷǧҪ󲻳ҲɻƵ顣
ǧ֣Ȼˡ
Сȴеĺ˼룬վ¶ɫǸܣˡ
ǧ΢΢̧˫ƽģһ˫۾·ֱӿ͸һ㡣
С𽥵Ŀʼӿ죬ŷǧ滹µĴһƬհס
ͻȻǧɫ΢ͷȥſϵĽëڵס˫ۣǧĺ󱳡
С̧ͷܿǧĴŵĶҲҳ
ûбҪгˡǧƽͣȻ֮Сȴѹˣǧǲ׷ˡ
С޴ոյľٶʾ˷ǧʲô򴽣˵´ˡ
ǧָûһ棬һ·ûСϣСٺ˼롣
ȥͨһ¹ϸڣĻ鲢ûܽһɹȥٽȣȻ󡭡ǧ۾˵͵ɡ
õģܡ
СϷҵ֮ǰͷһۣǧȥƺ׼ӵƣǰһرգ
Сűߣע⵽֮˿
ôԼСӣջǧֻ档
ǰ֪ǧʲôԭΪԼѾٲ͸˷ǧ˼άôһףˡ
˦˦ͷСԼ޴ͷ֮ǻ
ǧ㽫ԼļͷϵůϢԼƺе㣬-嶼õķɡ
ˡͰ͵˵
ʱܳСʱǧҲˣ-嶼ѹļͷܸоŬĳ-֧Ϊ˫-ڲ
ǧ΢ɿЩվ˶š
ǧٴγ֣Ȼһȴס˷ǧ֡
Ƶ˷ǧ󣬿ӵı󽫹Ӷסķǧ㱧˻Դ˷ǧļͷ
ôʱ䣬
ǧ㱻ڻҲ΢΢һ㶣͹ߵ÷ǧԱûо¶˲䲻Ļ
ñȵϢڶȥңȴǧ㰴ס֡
ǧ˵ëȴûм
ºܸߣ˹ůʼ޷ɹĴҪ¶ȡ
ڽ죬ֵ²Ҫģʣĺ㡣
㲻𣿡ʵ
㣬䡣ǧ㲢ɿ飬Ǵ-ʵķӦ
Ȼ仰һ¾ͷƤŤͷȥţԲ۾˴ʱŴ˽


69 
ҲԼ겻, Ϊǧƽʱķʵ̫󣬲Żεĳ档
͵͵ң, Ҫͨϵܽ
ŷǧ㣬ͻȻԼԴ֮ͷ˷ظı仯ͬϷڵпɱǰöˡ
ڱԼϷǧҪġ
Ϸڣǧ㿴ŰڷϷڵʳ΢΢üΪ᲻ԸϷڳԷ
գգ۾Ϊʲô
ļĳǲȾġڱŸϷϴʱȫ滻ʳʱֻʣò͹Ĳ, ڲԶǶѵһСɽһ߰Ϸ
ԼϷСɽ˵ΪǧһҪ˵Ϊܿ㱧ǧôʰ
ͰϰӦڲõģʵǲٿͷǧദģʽˡ
ٷְٿ϶һãǧһԼһС
Ϸ, һѾʣ޼档
Ϸֶ, ҪΪĿ, , ĿҲûϵǧ뱧ϷԣȻ֪˽٣һᾡܵϷȤ
ֻҪᵽϷ˵״̬ͺƽʱùҹ״̬ȫһ, ǧߣҲǵһ˵ôĻ
ϷݣϷ, Ϸ淨, ǷǧϷС״˺ܹĲԱ߶ֻЦŻӦ
ûϵʵǷҲСˣһ˿ĲԺϤˣû׼ܾһµء
ҪҪϷȤЩϷԼһҲʣһҲȤҪʱ䣬һϷһʼĵ㣬һĵġ
ܣһֱŬѧϰŬĹżһЩôԷɵСϷҲܸ׼о񡭡
ǧĻӺܺõˣǧڶ߲˵ֻӦţҲԼ˵һѡ
ǧ㲢ܳϷͬ˵ʱҪϷȤףǡ
Цܺ
һֱЦǿֵ
¶ȺůЦܺǧֻҪ΢Ŀܿ۾ȰĳһŻֳרע
ǧ㿴ţͻȻ˼ԼǷйһأ
һΪȰרעĳ
ϲĻ׬Ǯ𣿡ǧ˵ĵͻȻ˵
һ֮
κζ׬Ǯǧ㻹ǵ˵Ҫӹ˾ְ£ǮֻҪǮͿֿԴǮ
û˵
ǧҲûж˵ֻ΢̽׬Ǯ뷨ˣ΢΢ͷ۲ı顣
ȻȴıУ˼ָ֮ɫ
ǧ΢΢ü뷨ȫ䷨
ǧͻȻע⵽§סԼ΢սʲôû˵ֺŬҪ˵ʲô
ǧ̫ˡ
˲ͬҪϢ˯ߡ
ǿȵĻվƣĻ˯˹ȥ
˯ˣɷǧȴһε˯κʱҪʡ
ǧٴʱռһƬڡ
̫ѨǧĴһ˲Ŀհס
ơڻصȻûӦӦȴ˿ûκηӦǧü΢ƶһ塣
ͻȻԼƺʲôĶ֮УȵĺĶС
ǧĴһ˲ĿհףͻȻļӿԺС
װǧãԵϵͳֿΪ񡣡
ϲǧɹ˲ʵߡƤ֢Ѿգлǧֺ֧ϣΪ㱾õķ
ǧڲʵжβ߶ĶֵʱΪԵģۻ㣨+130
ǧͬԵ̹Եܸ˽ϲɺأۻ㣨+20
ǧͬԵĹϵ֮ڣܱڶԵĹϵ¶壬ۻ㣨+20
ϲǧͨβʵɹԵ˸飬λ໥Ӵһ𱻷֣ǰ໥ģ໥̹ϣ˵ĹϵһѾʵķԾϲɺأͨ㣬ǧһԵߣ͡
ע͵Ϊʵߣ߿ͻʵƣǧκεط˲䴫͵Եߡ
βʵԲɣǧ㹲õߣͣ㣨+170
߶ϵͳڷǧĶ߲ϵ𣬷ǧ㰲ţϵͳº󿪿ڣϵͳ̳ǡ
ǧҵһԼѾıѾõߡ
޲
̫ܲĴ̼ۻһǧֱӹߣڵȲˡ
ϲǧɹ޲㣨-400Ƿʹã
ע޲ΪЧߣڳʱ֮޲ǧ࣬һܵκγͻʹ̼޲ʱӳ
ǡǧ˵
ϲǧɹʹõߡ޲ڱ޸
ǧ˫ۣϷڰɫƹ⣬Ļѣ
ʧȥƤ֢ԣ뿪ʹҲͬΪֻҪӴоѵС
ǧ㸧Լֻ࣬񻯣޲ǻ᲻ࡣ
Ⲣһõѡʣ޼ܿ޷ά
ǡǧҪˡ
̧֣ǧסһĻĻʼԺһһĻطţǧֻԼһֱάֵǼҪ߳ܵıܻܡ
ʲô
Ƥ֢buffڼ䣬Ǻ˼άɵ׻ǱӰˣб̫̫ƽʱԲȥ¡
Щ£ڹͺ޲ʱ⴩Խصȥ
ȻԡҵţȻڹܼǰ治ɫĺܣȻǿ¶·ȻСǰ
һ׮׮һǧ֪Լ޲ֱӴ̼ȥicu㣡
ǵһΣǧþܵвҲȶ˶ȥúá
˻ֹ޲໹Ϊǿҵ̼ĳʹǧպͶȫȼ
ڼȻԼԼһԼʲôķӦھ֮󣬷ǧԼĲѵˮ
Ҫȥ
ǧ˫ֱͷЩ߳ܵȫڴת벻ȥ붼С
ľҵķӦ޷κηӦǧ㽩Ӳü޲ԼҲҪһicuˡ
ԼȥicuôͬأǲǻֱӴʲô确һŮӺͰͬʱฺ̫̼ɱͽicu֮Ŀµԡ
һ뵽ǧֻԼֿʼϢԳۡ
ͻȻһǳǳʣƺԱѰҷǧ㡣
ֲ𣿡ԺǵĴӺ˹ס˷ǧ


70 
Ҳ, ΪжϣӦû˯֮ʱ
ǧҲͬ, ʶӵסԼǱʶ֪֮Ƥ֢Ҫ
ǺĵģԼҲĵȷȷǱԷϹذˡ
Ƿǧ㻹ֹסĽӲ-壬ɫѹ
ֻڷǧҲκλεķΧ
״Ĳԣ˵ơ
ǧ۾Ӧ䣬Ӧ̧˴ʱԱҲһע
-壬õ𣿡վԶԶ, С̽ŷǧ㡣
ǧ㿴ϵ·Ҳ΢
һ·ȥҹʱרƵĺܱ¶·ʵҪӦףΪҪľֻǵһ·
ʱվſڣɫС, ˿, Ϊϵʱһֱͷʱ䶼ûС
һ뵽ڷһ, ǧɫˡ
ͻȻķʹһ̿ˮ, ҳȥһ¡
ǧɫһȻǱԼɫŵˡ
ǧˣһԼľľûио, ԼһСˡ
ϷҵϢôǧɫ̲ס죬ԼֽŲõȫϵʱ, ȻҲǲġ
ü䣬ǵ, һеȫԼΪֻƽʱÿƵԼȴΪbuffԵʷˡ
ǧ㿪ʼɣȫεԼǲǲıԡ
űƿˣģ̌ͷվſڣΡ
ǧ㣺
һ춼ƶʹˣһֱķ
ǧֻ౻ԼĳۣΪǹ޲ٷְپicuˡ
˯ͦģóʦ׼ЩڳҴȥԵ㣿ȻСѯʺ̽ţǧֻԼµȷĲá
ǧ죬ʵǱԼͷۣü䡣
ֻȥѶȺãеĶڲϾУʰ̰ڰ֣Լϡ
ǧҪлȴԼһֶ˵ڣո˯ȴԼΪء
ڳڣǧϣڲԵȴų͡
ĽǶȿԿڳڵ׼ʦӹİƷʵ˯£ǳص㲿λ֮ĵطȫ¶·ɼǶ಻봩Ǽ·
һһ޷ĸԣ÷ǧͻȻʲôˮܣԼֻܡ
ҪúóŶȻҵķŶв̽Ŷͷ˷ǧϣһ˵һߺˣմŷＷ˳ȥŵŵһ㡣
ǰֻһ࣬͸ʽСˡ
ǧգգ۾ǰİ޷Ƶ뵽ļ-
˦Ժ߰뷨ǧһڰࡣ
󻬵ζ㣬öһθ𽥵˼ֻ⣬ǧȴͻȻ֮ʱԼܡɫɲ͡Ǿ仰
ʱãܵˡ
ǧĻɣʱԼǲġ
ǻĻûгֲ
ǧֻԼô˼ڤҲ޷õһ׼ȷĴˡ
˲ףǧλص֮ڡ
¶Ϥ¶ȣ뱻֮ʱȴñԼż⡣
ͺ񡭡ȱ˵ʲô˰ĵ¶ȡ
ǧǿԼȥ˼Щϸڵ飬ҪԼ½˯ߡ
İɡ
ϵͳθߡ
ǸʮֵõĵߣȻȥ򵥣;ֻܴҪߣԱΣգΣ֮ʱ̵ߣ߰ܡЩΣյ鷢֮ʱֻ֮Ҫڰȫĵط
ĹĲӦҪ̶һЩϸڡ
ʱԼȻƵĵطԼʲô飿

ǧ㷢Լ˼ʲô󶼻뵽
ǧɴˣԼԺﲻϵת
ȻbuffЧڼ䣬еעֻҪܻðȫϣڣԺȴʲô
ƤȷǺõģ˵Ҳò̾Ƥࡣ
ȻڴʱֻԼԺȫģϺٵ·Щкܿɰ˫-ȣȥƯǣÿߣһеһеʱûϸȥ˼ĵ㣬ΪԼһ˵ʱʼ
еļʼմʵǧֻѾʼɵ
ʼ٣-忪ʼ𽥵ȶȡ
ΰ֮䣬Цݣÿһϸڣһɫ˾
ǧֻԼѾ޷ƣͻȻڶ˾
ǧȻ˫ۡ
ڴ-ϣ-廹ԼԼ͸suУȻǧȴʲô𽥵³
֪
ҪҽԺˡ
ǧסܼҴķţӵ
ǧ۾
Լڰ
ҹĴ·ŵҽԺҽԺһæµԷǧµȫ飬ӴҲһʼ޴뵽ǲѡ
ôôˣҶһأŲҴңĳ
ѵ˵ǧĳʲôǳص֢״
𽥵ġ
Լ;ͷ˷ǧԼһ˻ȥ˯ģûжԷǧ㸺𵽵ףӦðտġ
տŴʱĿңӲͷƤŴҹСȥˡ
ǧʱţĿǰҽС͵͵뿴ǧ״ֻ̬ܿǧŵĳ
ҽʱɫеļ鱨档
𣿡Сҽɫʵ
СҹĺУƽʱĵְҵװкܴ𣬿װҲܺõĵס
ҽ̧ͷ˵ʲôȴͻȻ˷ǧĪһ졣
ģھҪ˵Ļ
ҽһ亹Ϊʲôܽס
ҽСǰһ
û£û£㲻Ҫż-ٲҲȥ˲𣿡ҽЦţҪһգֻոˣһ˵ȷûʲô⣬ҡʵӼûвãǺˡ
СƽЩʲô˼
˵ݱȽϡ֮ͣǰҲ˵ȽƽڿкתôȥԿǼһҩ
СЩ𾪣ǽΪʲôͻȻ࡭
¡ҽ˵ʲôȻӵ˷ǧ䵽ӵ
һʱ֮ͻȻž
ǲΪƤ֢ĺ֢أҽûע⵽Ľﴫ
Ƥ֢ҽһ㶡
ǷҪ˵ƤžͻǳʹһӶ̲˵֡
ҽ
ء˵ʲôͻȻСס졣
ҽȻĿαϣɴʱҽıѾˮЩ߮Һ;ǰķǧӣҲҳ


71 
ҽеıʮֽ겻ķ򿪸, Ƥ֢Ǹʲô֢, ˷ǧôʱ˽ҽƫŵĲҲ࣬ȴΨûмƤ֢
οҲڲ֢Էǧ˽⣬̶ȿ˵ʮֽˡ
ǡ
ǲ֢ǾͱҪȫ˽⣬ǧ-κһֲ֢ܵСǧҲκ, Ӳ伲ҽɽ顭
ҽʼѡ
Ȼûмʲô֢ξɡǧ˵
ĿǰȷûʲôģԷһǶעһ£κҪ̿ҽ, ԵĻȥһ˾ơҽԼְҵȰ˵һ, ۼŷǧɫ, һ, ͵ɣҲˣϿȥϢϢɡ
ǧͷ, ̧ۿһһԵСС̵ͷʾ֪
ǧָûһεĲ壬С򿪵гȥˡ
ͷβǧ㶼û̧ͷһο
ĿŷǧδԼ뿪, 󵽿ǧΣŤͷСҽ̸һЩҪע¡
С׼뿪, Żվڿҽüëһôվţ
е¡˵
ʲô£Сʵ
ǣҲеҽ ֮Գųɡ
òҪ˵ЩʲôֵĻС΢΢۾֮жǻɵĹ⡣
Ҳ˵ʲôġնĻشԼʵ
Сûж໰תˡ
С뿪ıӰ̾һԭȫܵĵ֣㿴ȥûͷϴױһзȥҲôӢˬ
عͷŴʱλһ±ƵĿҽĹš

ҽ˲Ͳˣż־֮ɫ
ǸС㣬ҡҽʼĿİͰͣʲô
ɫصҽϣ˫°۾΢΢ƺϸϸ˼ʲô
ܾ֮˵ҽҲ˴ǵĶԻ
ҽɫȾһ˿ڿˮʲô£˵
֪ܵϸ-״ҽ񣬾Ȼͱ˵ĸо
Ŷҽƺ⻰֮˿ȻҲҽⲡʱҲǷεˣҺͷ˵Ķġ
գգ۾ûʲô𣿡
ΪʲôҪҽԡ
ǣܵĲôأõ㣬ܸԲʲôģ̽Ե˵ܾ֮
ͨпܻǷܡҽ˵ʱҲ̲ס¶˼֮̾ɫĿǰΪֹصˣκμѶ治ɫΪһҲ̾һŮ˵ļǿ
գգ۾Ȼ֪ǧǿģֻǡ
˼ǣ-ãڵõϢɲǣֻԼļҪɣ᲻أ
Ҳȷٴ˵һжںתҽ¶ۡ
ǸƤ֢̽Եʵ
ҽ룬ҲûдӷܵϲĲ֢
᲻ͻȻģ̲ס׷ʡ
Ƥ֢ҲֻֻҪʵͿԣҪرơ
ķǳأͲûİˣſžһݣǲ֪ʱܵ-״ж⣬һҪȫ϶ҲУȥһӾţҪһķǳҵ֣һ׼Ҵ·ҪţԷҪŲܳԣ˫-ȶܲ££ҺƤǲ֪ҶȥĲ֮ҲȥĲΪҲҪˡ
ҽ
Ƿǳصĵز뿪ʱʱıرʹϾҪȥһۼܸо۾Ǵֱ׹ⶼûˣĲͨĲ֢ľǳҪƣ
ҽ
侲һЩˣȴҽĿɿڴĿԼɫһ죬Լվˣ˻ȥֲĵ˵˵ĺûӰ-壬ĺ̫ܺ᲻Ӱ쵽
Ӧáᡣҽ˵һҸо֪ǳˣĳʲôԲ᲻ǵġ
𣿡Щĵʵ
ǵġҽֲ˲
˵ЩĲӰ쵽𣿡 ٴʵ
롭Ӧòģڵ״̬ܺáҽ˵ʼͰˡ
ðɡҽǷǳΣ˿ûʲôµĻͺá
ʲôܸһЩأǳϵѯʡ
ǣĳЩµʱ򣬲Ҫ̫Ұɡҽ̲סٲ˲亹
ĳЩ£ԡ
ǺϷ£ºʱζҪƿƣܵ-Ҳ֪̫ܲĴ-Ҳ̫ܲĶһҪᣬᡣ
Ҳعζˣ뷴ʲô־Լȷ޴ӷ
ҡ֪ˡ΢Ӧˡ
ܵӦûӸ͡ɣôһӲͦţҲͦ׵ĵģ˳˳˳ĵġ
áõġ
ҽֶҪעڿˡ
򿪵ʱҽסǸ۵飬鷳ܿ𣿡
ͷ˵ãҽҪԲ˵˽ǰɣǸܺõҽ
˲ͷϵĺôҽҲǼģһζס̡
Ȼᱣǧ˽ε顭
鷳ҲҪͷ˵˰ɡ ҽĶԻ˳ȥǧơ
áȻ̫⣬ǣҽ˵ʲôʲô
뿪ıӰҽЦá
ʲôƤ֢ǷǧΪעһɰɡ
ƽʱô̫죬ô-֪аⲻǿɰĻ
û뵽ôһǰҲôһģӱȽϱûЩСû׼ǧ㻹Ǹݼء
ҽʱ䣬ȥҲûʲô壬ɴǰϰࡣ
ȻֻͻȻҽͷһۣСĵ绰ʱɫ΢
ι顣ҽ˵绰
˵ʲôСֱӿżɽ˵
ҽ
Ϊʲô˵Сȥ
ûʲôرġҽֻ־ֲ˲Īеĺˮ
ӦûǵѾǩ˱ЭɣСѾʼвˡ
ҽǳΪѵĲ⻰ҲС˼֮С-Ȥܹ֮ܲɣ
⻰ٶ༸֪ڵĶ˰ɡ
˼ҹ-£ͲҪó˵ˡ
ҽû£û£һЩ԰æ顣
⻰Ҳû˵
𣿡СȻŽɣǶԷ˺ܶࡣ
Ͼǰ£ǻи飬ҿԷܵĹҲǼٵġҽ뵽ֵĵı飬Ц˳
ֻҽҪ˵ˡ
ֱ˵绰ҽһţһЦ˳
Цʲôأͬ¿žʵ
ܱôأ׷ǸģСѧءҽһգȻ̧ͷվſڵͬһԡ
ҽԴһ¡


72 
ԼԼ⼸ǧڶԼ
ԼԼӶ˶̬ȱƽʱҪӹһ㡣
ԼԼСÿοĿʼźµʲô档
Ĵ͸źֵĸо, ǣһ㶼ں
õһʮֺõϢǧںתˣʲôҪ𣿣
ֻԼ̬ת, Ϸܸء
ǧ岻ѾȥϰˣϷ֮Ҳʼ˼¡
ϾǰԼϷֻ
żֻܿ൱ϢϢһ˾òʲôϢҲ֪һ쵽ԭʲôѡ
ͨС֪ԼϴϵĵԸͲʲôԵģڽеԴ׳Ƥġ
һ뵽ʱǿԼûҵţȻҲ֪ܸܲɸɾĳˡ
һ뵽ԭȻ, ͻֻ﷢ԼȥϢȫɧŵԴˡ
ֱ졣
ֻһû¼˷һϢôŬԸˣ
֪˭
˳˼
ȷȻſ۵Ĵôȹ, ЩǮ˵׶Ƿǧİ
ǧÿ컹Ŭϰദ, Ȼܺͷǧ, ҲĲʲôˡ
豸ƵϷ, ͬǧ˵ģǮֿܹԻǮ, ҲԼӵеģֻҪȡܳʱһ׬ǮĻᡣ
ʵ˵ĺ, ֻǷǳ򵥵ģ˸Ϸֱ
ҵ
ֻǿֱԼϷ, ûк͹κεĻ
ϷȫԼ̽ԣֱڵĻϵ˼ĲУҲǳִͷȥԸ˲ٹԵϷ
ҲÿιرֱʱĿԼӵķ˿޼
ʱԼʵǲƽˡ
Ƿ㣬˴֮ǰԼӪĹںţԼںűٱŵĹȥ
ƽϷڵĴϣͻȻǸ
ͻȻű죬ţƽʱһôϤӶˡ
ϴ·ӶˣûгǰֻԼӡ
ôˣʵ
ԷСĵĿһۣС˵Ϣ
Է˵Ϲˡ
һ±ƵĻ˭ǧ㣿
ֻûпǧиԼϢ
ֻϷⲽô£ͻȻ绰
ǳʲô𣿿ûϢ
ץ˿ʱ䣬ӲͷƤͨˡСĵ绰
ιСĮߴֻ˲ͽ
ǡǸǲʲô𣿡ʵ
ʲô£Сʡ
ǣǲʲôң ̽Եʵ
СĻصû¡
Ŷץץͷҹˡ
Ҷ˵绰СüֻͻȻĪĵ绰Ϊ⣬һߡ
˭ĵ绰ǧʵ
ġ Сûжֱӻش
ǧڹ۲ļٶͻȻ˺üֶָûȥ
ʲô£ǧٴʵͺǸںһ
û¡
û£ûΪʲôҪ绰
ʼ䣬ַûжʵɡ
ǧ۾Щõ΢ı仯
ΪʲôԸ绰СҲԼѵ֪СǾԲܰ
ǧЩƣ˲䣫
Сʱ֮Сֽӵ˵ڶε绰
Ǹûʲô𣿡ȫǳɡ
Сüʲôֱ˵
һС˵֣ǧĽעСϡ
û²Ҫ绰СҶ˵绰
ˣ
ǧĬĬ̧˫ֻñͲôõһ䡣
ܣôˣǧ㿴СԼ˫ۺһ£ҲԼı鲻̫á
򴽣ǧ˵û¡
ǧ㲻ûע⵽СɻĿ⣬ȴֱӺˡ
ʱǧ㲢ô׻Ϊʵ˵̼ʵ̫ˣ˾Ƕλ䡣
ǻ䣬лСڵʱԼע⵽ĴкǣһЩǧܲԼгŶԼĿ
ѾûƤ֢ˣ⵽״ʲôĲԸȥ롣
߿ʼһЩԡ
磬ǧΪ˺ͬĪеļ
磬ǧ쳣
磬ҹǧ㱻͵ҽԺΪڴ̫⡣
ЩԶٶеʵڿɢЩݡ
ЩԴȥж෽Ӱ죬Ӱȴ˽ϵˣЩ˻᲻ΪԶ˭Ҳò׼
ǧü䡣
һֱϷ㲻Щ鱾Ųǧ㵹Ҳûôġ
ǧһֱûȥҲҲȥҡ
ȥѵͲ֪Լ
⹷ϵͳҪʱһü񷢲ȴֶ²
ǧҧɸ֡
װǧã⵽ԱϵͳɣյķڸǧĽз͡
˵Сʤ»飬о仰оǧԵĹϵʵķԽ˸ܣʱԼȴ˵Ĺϵȹ̺£ʵľ뷴ܹӵ侲˫ʶԷҪԡ
ǧűϵͳжϡ
η÷ǧֱûƢ
˵˫֪Ҫԣôﷳĺֻ
ǧ㱻ԼͻȻð뷨ҲǼһ㶡
ǧֲĸദ
Ǽʱ䣬Ըо֮ǰһˣڿͷ۵ķ˼ļܲѹԼƢˡ
ҲԽԽˡ
ô˼ˣ
Ϊ뼱ꣿôܡ
ʲôأ
ʲô
ҲԼһ겻
ԲŻ̲ס绰
ղԼǲӦý˵绰ã
СʱСֻһ绰ɱƽ͵Сüͷֻˡ
ǧȻϬСͨ绰Щɡ
ιСŷǧĿˣȻ˵ʲô֮޷Ƶšüͷʲô˼
ǧɫָʼϰԵû棬һ˼ͷĶ
СǳʶȤ͵͵ĽֻͲ󣬲ȴܹ÷ǧ
û𣿿иӶѾ˵ǧһϢ˰ɻֻĲ˳
ӶˣʲôӶˣСıһࡣ
ϴ·Ӷ˰ɣһŮģʮӰɣ黨壬Ƥ
ҼǵáСɴֱӽ绰÷ǧҲô˵ģĻԭⲻĸ˵һ顣
˵кҪҪ˵ؾϢҪʶôĿİĻɻʵˡѵ˵𣿡
ôΪķˣСܵķһ䡣
ȻС嶸ȻӲɵ̧ͷ˷ǧ˫ۡ


73 
ǧ˫ۺڳ, ƽʱͺԿ͸ģڸ˿͸, ԼöԷҲ˵֤ݡ
Сţϸ룬ѵԼ˵ѵʵǳƺŵ𣿲ܰǰҲ˵ƵĻǵʱǧֱӷ˰
ִӶ洫⣬ܲҷǣˣ
СԲǧ˸һ£֮ǰĪֵĵѹҲ˲ʧ
ǵģǷˡС̽˵仰ʱȫ̶۲ŷǧĶ̬, ȷϷǧ㲢ûΪԼ˵ɫ΢
ԷͻȻԶΪӦĹϵ̫
ŶȻûô࣬˵ǸոǸϴ·Ӷ˵ķҪһϢͲҷ˰ѹδ绰㶼ҵסء
ǵġΪǧһԵĻСʮʶȤûǺ, լۡڲ˽зΪˡ
ð, , ȹˡ
Сһ, Ҫҵ绰ˣ
ȵȡСס
ôˣ ʵ
㲻ǵ÷˭𣿡С̽Եʵ
СרſǶеġˡע⣬ܸʵ̫, пܵˣڷҵϷˣǧĸˡ
Ȼϵ, µ˳Ԥϡ
СôʣҲ̽, ʵ벻͸ΪʲôרŴ绰֪Щ£ѵҫԼĿɽ
˭ŶͻȻֻĶ洫ںǷҾˡ
Сסˣ㲻Ӧȥʵ˭𣿡
ҵ˶ȥˣҪһһظһԼ
СֱӱסƹˤֱӸ£˶
СɫȻҪӷǧõһЩָʾʵǲôͼʲô
㶼棿СʵⲻҪñ
Ϊʲô㷴ʰѵʲôұҪظ𣿡ɻӶ洫
Сôأ
ðɣ֪ˡ
֪ʲôˣСʶľͿȥʣԼʵ͹ҵ绰ˡ
ȥǸϴ·Ӷ˷˭
ôֱʣ СЩθߡ
ҡ͵ʣƺҲûСʲô̽Ե˵
˼
СѾ̲סԼü䣬һβ˵Խ
С̧ͷһ۷ǧ㣬ǧƺ˼ʲôѾ˱𴦡
ԴòС»Ǿ䣺ûʲôҾһ˵
ҹˣ˵
СӦˡ
ȻֱӹҶ˵绰
˿ûκġ
ͷβûҪͷǧ˵仰
СֻͷƤ飬ڷǧıѾȥˣ΢˿ڿˮǿ˵Ƿһֱ˽ϵô˺ܿΪ̷ıͻȻ¶£ûпǷȶ
һʱûϵκˡǧָûεĴذ壬һ£¡
Сٶ˵ˣ·ǧѾ˼
Ĺ͵ɣȥǧ㽫еһļϣС˵
ϵ֪»ǻ÷ǧе졣
ľϹõһӣӾȻãκ˶˶졣
ΪʲôͻȻҪ¶йϵ£ǷǧҲ⡣
ǧصլۡڰŮܼңʲôط
ڻϷҡŮܼһش
һֱСüѵûг𣿡
гŮܼ˵Ԥ˷ǧı飬һ䣬ʱСгͣȥһγһЩ»صϷң֮ṳ̂š
ǧü
ոأѵûгȥĳӶ𣿡 Сŵ׷ʵ
ûУԴ˵֮ΪֹûгϷҡŮܼʮĻش
Сʣȷ
ǵģҺȷ顣
ǧָûһμ̣۾ƺǻɡ
һϵͳûжԷǧĻѡ
ɺܼ򵥡
ǧǳԼǲǰ̫ˣʱദʵϡôӡ
һСʱȥˣûдϷ
СʱȥˣûдϷ
ʱ䣬СѾ°ʱˡ
°ˡǧ鷿ûдĹһʱС˵
ܣжҲǺܷġС̲ס˵Լеĵǣʵǲ²͸Ǵʲô⣬Ȼ¶ϢûκΪѲ롣
ǧ΢΢ü
ͻȻŮܼţϢܣ飬Сˡ
ģ̌Ůܼҡ
Сڵʲôطȥˣϴ·𣿡
ŮܼҡҡͷСˣܣ飬Ѿ׼ˡ
С
ǧ㣺
ŮܼҲͷһ¶ﴫѶϢȻ˵Сò̽ÿһ˶װһ֣СѾŲ̻ȥϷˡ
С
ڴϷ
ǳԵġ
ǸոշһʽϷ磬ȻĴУɽˮĴڸطױbossϷһжԲѣԷʱ䶼Ź
ҴΪǸոշ۵ϷûȫھɾΪϷõҪϸߣϷֱʱȻĶ߹ۿ
ϷķϷ˼ֱ֣ȻﵽǰδеĶλ߷塣
ȻͻȻϷű򿪣ŤͷͻȻһ˫ŭ˫ۡ
¡С㡭ôˣܵĲΣգͰ͵ʵ
ôˣΪʲôôˣСĻϵϷֻԼһ㲻˵Ҫȥʷ˭ôˣ
Ҫʰһ±ơ
Ϣ𣿡Сθߡ
£ҪҪҵ°ûǮ޹
ѵһ㶼ĳʲô𣿡С˼һ¶ܷǧ˿ƵǣǰҲǸɵӣôֲػ
ҪرżﲻԼҰٲô绰ҲɰҪ˴û𣿡ŲӣһҲԼʲôԡ
Сŭ壬⻰ͻȻһ㶣ʹΪһ仰άڹϡ
û죿û죿˴ɲǶŷĸļӵ
͡ô˼ҵţСıڹŤ
ãȻͷò˵Ҳûʲô°ɣôʲôǸʲô𣿡
СпһʲôϵһϵûУôĪͱһˮ
СһѸٻͷһԵķǧҲǣûУ
ǧɫ临ӡ
ԭΪԼΪϵͳҲˡ
һֱΪ侲ԹߣСȻҲˡ
СĻţǧĺ޲еƽ⡣


74 
ıǸ, ΪʲôСͻȻҪǧԼ˺޹ϵ
ôżŽѵǳ
˵Ǻηʥһֱ侲Գַ·һСô΢΢۾, Լܷä㡣
֪ˣھȥһвУ˰ǰͼοһѾŭͨССӿǸͷˡ
Ȼȫǲ˶ѣΪʲôС
СȻعͷݺݵĿֱסʲôΪʲôҪ
ǰҵΪʲôôСֹȻСȻˣĿѣСͷƤ顣
ͷԼϷԷһ, ȴͻȻһһֱŵֱ䣬ʱһ١
ֱĵĻӿ
ư߿ǻﲻݡ
Цˣ˼·߼ҪôӲһڹ˾
˼ʵ, Լ, Ҫȥô, ֲǼ
˵ʲôԻΪ, Ҫ˵û-ҿǰ㲻š
治ɫֱرա
ĵ˳Ϸ
ӲͷƤСƵĿ֮´ڳȥʶ˿ڿˮ
ԽСߣųһ, ˲Īеź
СǹģǲҪԼֱá
һͷ, Сͷǧ㻹ſڣнô
߳˺öಽ, ͷɺ޶ˡ
Ϊʲôߣѵ˵ҪĵԿС˵Ļ˺Լ
ڹսǴְֻǽֻ¶ԴĿίͰ͵͵͵Сͷǧķ
С
ˣϴ·ű죬Ů˷۵ɹɵĴվȥſڡ
ţͻȻɫһ
Ǹ˼ǽΣûǸ˭Щ˼ץץͷÿŮ˶˵ˣҲûиѯʵĻᡣ
Ů˵ɫŹ֣ոҪ˵ȻɫȻһ䡣
ĲԶǧϿߵķĿĮŮ˵ȫڿһ
㡭ŮŵĿɲ򴽣ҽ첢ûҹС㣬ǲǼǴأ

ֻϴ·ĹˣȥǰֻȡҪϴĶŻȥҲȥרģ϶ǼǴˡŮ˵
ûңɵˣǰ㰡㳤ͦɫİ
Ůһ졣
ǴˡŮ˵ƺԼЩˣЩҧгݡ
ĶŮˣôܺ˵˵أи˫̥ãȻ㲻˵ϹƱҪ˰
Ů˿Цһ¶Ϊ֮ɫҽȥǰȡҪϴƷ϶·СڵϷģҲûͣ·˵ȷ·ˣҲûмأСķҪұڹҿҲû취Ҿȥ
ɵˡ
Ů治ɫɫƽֻ۵ż飬Ѳ׽
СȻǧ㡣
ǧ㿴Ů˵ıѾ㹻ȷ˵ˣǵȷû֤ݿ֤ŮķſͣԷʱ䣬ʱͬҲ˼صǡ
Ϸͻ룬ûоرƣûаװͷ
Ů˵ȷвֶΣҲô꽫Ƥӵ·ţû¶ʲôš
ϧû뵽һȻѡ
ΪʲôҪ£ѵҵ𣿡˿ûκι˼ɵĿڡ
Ůɫһ䣺С㣬˵Ҫ֤ݣ㲻ңҿʲôû
ȷû㶼˵ġڷ
ǧ۾ǧ㵽ǼҴҵˣССܱȵ˵ģլۡеԱҪǩЭ顣
Ů˵ȻҲǩˣΪ㰲-ȻӦһЭ飬ʱ¶ǱǾҪ˺ŮҲȻǧ㻹ûа֮ǰ㲻ܺ
һεֻ̽
ǧ֪Ƿҵָ֤㰲-ˡ
ڣѾˡ
ڴʲộֻҪһǰ㣬Ϳԭ
ĺͶԷŵĲǧֻƽ̫֪࣬ȻϵʱıŭͻȻͱ׸ƽˡ
ǧû뵽ֻҪô򵥾ԭ
µȷû֤ݣҪŮ˲ѣڲʱ
Ů˴㹻ϢĿ³ȥɲԸô
Ҫ׷𣿡ǧѯ۾ָһεĴذ壬˼ִ׷ǲ⡣
ͻȻͷĶаӣҾǾáСͦġ
ͻȻСһؿڣôһȡֵӣ
С֮ļӻǧȻѹȥܲԼӡ
ӣ´ʲϡ
Ǹɴʹ˽ҹ
İˣİǧļϵԵκ˶ί۸Ե˶Ӧܵ𷣣񷢲άԵ˵άԵһԵĵˣû֤֤ҲҪᶨάԵɣ㣨ʧܣ㣨
ǧƤݺݵ˼¡
׷ȥʡǧͼϵͳͨ
װã񷢲ҳģǧԻʵķΧ֮˵̨ʡɣ㣨ϵͳнɳ̶ڽȡֵʧ޳ͷ
ǧ̫Ѩۡ
Լ˵ˡ
ǧȴͻȻϵͳԴĹе̣ʲôʱҪΪͷ
װǧãյķϵͳԱηӦпԱǣ֮ĸ»ԸЧŶԵϵͳʱΪԵ񡣡
ǧʶ̫Ѩ
Ϊ̫ǿжһ޲Ѿʣ޼ˡ
ʣ㲻֧һεĲΣҪ
˵Ѳã˻򴲵ġںŮ˶š
СһʵǶСѧܿˣǰɴ£ͻȻǧ㿪ˡ
ǲģΣǧڿĿռ֮ڻص˲е궯ǧ㼫ȻĳΪߵĽ֮
ܣŮҲסˣƺǧҪ˵ʲô
ǧ۾˵ˣˡ
ܣСһҲ¶˾֮
㲻˳ۣô죿ǧ˵
ҲǣûУ㲻Ҫ˵˵һĲ̨û˳ۡ
ǧ˵м䣬ǰ˳ᢣгģʱ΢΢ͷϣһĵ־磬Ψһ־֮⣬ȴӵƿȫĲߡ
һ͵͵ۿӶǶ޷ԷǧĽ֮顣
ֻԥĲ̨˵ı鶼ʼӡ
ܣһƽû飬ҪԩҰŮ˲ûвʵ¶ֽ꣬Ҫ֤׵ļУ˷ֲ١
⣬еûĿĳ˲˳óġ
ҲΧ͵͵Χ۵ˣҲ޷ֱ浽˭˭ǡ
ͷ۵ü䣬ǧ˵ҵİ£һˣȻйҵȨ
͹ܲûϵûУҲҪߵڰסֱĿŮˣټǿơ
ܣС̬ҲˣʵǺ޹ôˣڿҿҵģҲҲֻɱûл˼ʵǲ֪ôǵСˡ
ŮίţЩʣһֱŷǧ㡣
Ȼô֤㲻ʺˡǧ㻰£Ůɫһ
˵£ûҪ졣һԷ
ǧ˲ס˲̨ͣڵͫдĸ֡ұ졣
ǧǲãЩӣΧѾĹۣΪ»صȥ
ס
ǧ봹˫۲뿴ⳡ־磬뿪ڣȴͻȻס˴ʱһȻ̧ۡ
֪ʱߣס죺㹫ƽߵڰףͥıߣǾǣǾǲǣǧ㣬ûҪ
ڷǧߵĵطټܿϸ֮ǿƵһ棬ǧȻһ˲Լѹˡ
Сĵֽǧڶҵķ˿ãֱС棬ҲҪˡ
С


75 
Ӳʮ, һҷ緶ƶģΧ˶Ϊ֮ݡ
ȻС쬵һ䣺ô棿
ֱͦͦıͻȻһ, Ů˵ı𽥵ĿʼȻ
ǲԼˣôһС鶮˶ˡ
ǧĬĬϣȻȥҪⷢӣ֮ǰΪѾƶضǻվߡ
Ů˿̣Щ飬ʵϣ顣
վ˵ҰģȻ˶ڵȴһûCλеĪѹ
֮ӲͷƤ, Χ˿̫ˣȲذɡ
СüͷΪʲôǻŵĿ
˵ûϵˣ
ķҲ֣Ȼһĵ־硣
Ĵװ˼أеļض͵Ϸĵϡ
ռеʱ䣬еļ, ԭ˵ʱŮ·ſڵ¼
ʱ䶼
һ, Ҳп;ʲôµһ°Ů˵ͱ鶼ȫ޹
ŮܼΪѵĿһһһԲʼնûпڵķǧ㣺ǵ, ζȥġ
ҧָ, ԭΪͨƵʱҵһЩ쳣û뵽龰ԭŮȺӼʧʱ䶼̫ࡣ
ѵõ
һ뿪˼ط̼ӿŲǱܵſڣʱٳһͷ, ԲŻÿ˵껰ʹҴ뿪
ΪһС£ڿʲôè壬ǧѵߵĶĻ
̲ס˷ǧ, Ů˴ͷβû¶һ֮ɫ
ˡ
ǧԼ˱, ̣
ʱ򣬷ǧͻȻ˵ʲô˵𣿡
һ㶡
ǧǿӲĿڣû֤ݣŮҲҷҡ
ܡСڷǧĶ˵ʡ
ûʲôʵġǧ˫΢΢̧𣬶Ů˵˫ۣϲ㣬ʹҵƤӵ¹ȥ
Ůһ˻֮ɫ˵ܣûΪʲôҪרȥأʲô绰ܽأô꣬û£ܣһôأ
ǧ۾Σ
ܣûаұСﻹҪ磬ҲˣҪô𣿡Ů˵ѾſǻΧӶ˶ٶΪǧЩﲻ
СüͷŮ֣Ѿ֪Լᱻ˵ʵɴ֮ǰҾģΧӶ˶ԷǧһεΪĻ٣Ӷ׳롣
Ů˵Ϊĺı
ķܿ϶ȦףΪʲôܷҪ
ǧһԲСҲ֡
ͻȻСơ
عͷ͵͵קסС̲סü
Ǹȸ˵һԲ𰡡ССҧ䡣
Сɻ
ƺӲġͻȻ˵Ҳ֪˭Ҫˮ˵˾˵ˣ治ʲô˵ģҪôġ
С㣬ûأŮɺӲ
ûԷһС
ֿһС
Сüšᣬʲô
صԼĵԱߣһ¼
߶߶˵ܸĶǴֱʣʮרҵͲҴϷãǲ֪жݳޣϴδϷһָףȻ¼ȥˡ
߶߶Ů˵ɫͻȻˣǧüͷ
ײĲᣬ治ףѣ𣿷ǲϣûôûӲˡ
Ƶͼصʱ䣬д
Ů˵һĨ𾪺ͻţôû뵽Ȼ¼ˡ
¼лֻϷΪϷģûкܴͻڣûвʱǰģŮ˵ʱš
ǾòԣҽһЩѱȥˣ㻹ܽƱ磬ǾȥƣҽҪܵˣҾͲˣ㻹ܰ˶ƭȥ˲ɡ
Ů˳Ĭˡ
ֻ¼˶óŮ˵Ůʱܳദʱ䳤˺׾ͷֱŮ˵ߡ
֤ݾͰǰ
Ů޿ɱ粵
һİ֮£ǧ˵Ҷ˵𣿡
ԼʣµΥԼһȥģܷġɫãƤ»ܳ¨ӣȻԼ㱻֤ˡ
ԤϵˣŻҪ𣿹Ȼʲô鶼ԼĵġһԵӶ˿ʼ˽
ҿҪ˸ߣΪҪΪ
ꡭ
ǧõΧ˶ۡ
һԼάϷȻŤת˷ǧı㣬˼Ǻ
ǧ飬ǹ졣
ƿԵŮ˱ߣеӶɢȥ
Сһһ̬Խ˷ǧվ
ֻͷƤ飬亹һһ㣬ȸոձ˿Ż顣
ȫ¼ˣСǳƽ
̲ס˿ڿˮҡһسɾøɸɾ
ǡһ򵥵ĵŵһ顣
Ҳί
Ҳûİ
Ҳ֪һֱ侲ԳֵȻͻȻ嵽ϷĲǹⰡ
ֱ˶ˣСַä㡣
ûûϵֲҴҶҵҲ㲻˽⣬϶û֪˭ŬԼһ⡣
Сķ·۷ѩ˵
ʮӺԴصίţСվ㹧ĶԷǧ˵һǸܣҾȻȥˡ
ǧҲѵõûж˵ʲôСӲȥıӰĬĬĹ׳еͬġ
ǧͷѾͷβһĵĻʵɾˣ
ɾˣһ㶼ûʣ£еĶûˣҵĵԱءԼļ̿޵Ķһҹ֮ҵ
𣿡ǧȻЩϧԼ鱩ӻټ
Ťͷŷǧ㣺㡭𣿲Ȼ˿ܲ޸
ǧ۵һĨЦ⣺㲻ˣ
ؽίˣҪҪҲ޸ɥ
ǧһ㶣ίˣ
 Ӧ
ǧ΢΢üίˣ
ǸŮ˵һֱ˵Щ°ô϶֪˭˵ٻרάң֪㲻û֤ݳͷ޼ɵˣ˵ûжģֶдˣ˼˵ϱ˫ת˸Ȧ
ǧָͻȻս
ô棿ǧ㴹˫ɲꡣ
Ȼĵͷ˫ȿȻֲں㱾ĺܶԣҪַίñԩίĺܣίˡ
ûίգǧ㴹˫ۣľǱΪ޻һһСİʵĲ˼顣
ðɡͷСַԴϵʱΪСҪԴŤǵһǲ֪˵˭ҸոˣŲ㱻ȥˡ
ǧŸûжһ㯵һξãҲԼһˡ
޷Ϊıøֻ࣬ҪֻҪĻ
ֻҪ޼ɵûκι֮ĵάĻ
ǧȻĶԵάůж+1+1+1
ǧ㴹˫ۣβ˿ΣǰⲻͬھȻֱϵͳʶƵ߾
һһĶòϡ
˵˭ǧ֪𣿡ʵˮɤӡ
ĸס
۵
ˮ£˵ϡ
𽥾֡
ĸ
ţ


76 
ôû뵽νķ˾ȻǷǧĸס
Ӷ»ˡ
, ż־ֻΡΡĿʼνġˡϢ
, Ѱµһιֱӻ˰ɣ
ĸŵĻǿ϶ǲֱȥŰΪʲôһʼûзä㣡
ĸĸŰſԲûû뵽ҵģҲǹġ
ǧ㰲Ŀŵӣ˵Ϣ㲻Ҳûϵ
вУô, һҪѺðأôܺͳϵãſ
ҪѺð£ǧע⵽еĹؼ㡣
ȻҪΪʵĺܵŮˣôܺϵأɥֻ̯ݸ˷ǧ, ĸһ밡, ҡҼǲˡҡ
ǧǷ̷谡, ͻȻ͵˷ĸ, ԼֱԼȡ֮·
ǧɫܹ죬󷽵Ľֻ
Ϣǧ㲻ɫĽӹֻȻδĶϢ÷ǧü
ڲô, ǰҲӦǿİɡ˵ͦҾͲϢ
ǧ㲻ɫ»һҳ棬϶Щ˶ԼϢĶ, Ȼȴע⵽һϸڡ
ȻǽֱöȻ˵ȴûֻƬ
һں֮, ֻԼС
ǧ㲢κģе칤ߵΨһþԴת俪ʼҲûн˾ȫκ䣬Լ棬͸칤ߡ
ȻڣǧȴЩ
ϣõҷϢ𣿡
ҲûСʶĻش𣬷ǧɫΪľܾ˲Ȼһ仰÷ǧ·תҪҵʱûע⣬˭Ժԣ㲻С
ǧԼٵ
˵Ψһ֮ˣԴվ÷ǧġ
ǧرֻ˫-ϡ
һ㶣ôˣҪϿ谡ǸŮ˰˽лҰԩ˰Ҫ֪˲˺ҡ
ǧ㲻Ϊ
ܣˣҪǺϵãм϶ܲȻϱӾʵ˿СʱҲٺһ𿴹ܶ࣬Ů˿սĿ÷ǧ㿪ģͷۡ
һ뵽ԼȻ˳һľս
ûϵǧ㿪˵
ôûϵйϵ̫йϵˣͲԭתȦȦֻֻ
ǰҪӷǧаԼֻû
ȴδ뵽ͻȻǧץסǰһĿԼҪǰײڷǧϣŵһ飬һֻȻһţպÿ˷ǧȱߵνϡ
ųһԼϣҪڷǧϣǧǹͷܶˡ
̫Σ̫ΣˣҪͻȻקңʲôô죿һ߱Թһ̧ͷȴͻȻΪƵĹϵߵķǧݣʱеıԹ˻ȥ
ǧıƽˣƽ˲ɵηϡǧҪ˵ʲôҪ¡
ǧߣƽˣͷ·ں֮ƽˮ棬ÿζңΪңЩ˵Ҹô˵ľأ
Щɵۡ
ǲģǵȻİٷ֮ģ¹δԼܱܲŴԵԼԷǧǰٷ֮ٵʵ⣬Ϊ÷ǧҸǰԼǵѧСڵĸɸɾ
Ǿ֪ǧӦǺԭİѵ˵ԼʱԭԸ÷ǧ˲У
ԽԽŮ˱Ǵɵģǧǿ˵ҲֻһͨŮˡ
ֱǧǯ࣬һֳֻΣƲɴѣǰȥ
ԼĶͷͷǧԱĶͷ໥һŬĵ۾ֱĿŷǧ˫ΪֹһУһ䶼ûƭ㡣
ǧû˵
ĿǧеӰԼӰӣôʲôСžſ϶֪ˣ㲻Ҳ֪Է˵ǿи߱ǲǸƭġ
ȫвܸģڷ档
ԼѾĺܺˡ
ԼһֱԷǧΪȣϷŵڶ˷ǧϷ֮⣬
ǧգ۾Ľëͬë䣬Ʈϣգ۵˲䣬Ϊ̫ԵñƽʱӺÿ
ſţӵİοֻʣһƬհס
ǵġڷǧ㿪ˣ֮Уżֲײ˿˿Ƶƭҡ
˵ƭ㣬ô˵ңҲǻĵġһǾȻַˣⲻ˵ɵ
ǧȴͻȻǰ
ĶסĴꡣ
۾Ҫˣȴǧǯ˫֣òȥܡ
ǵһΣȴһαһҪܵǧȵ¶ȡ
ǰϸ겻ͬһεǣͬһͼҡ
ǧŵġ
ܲһУȵߵλϣܲںĸǷӣֻҪ㹻ܻħúõĻȥ
ʱʱ̶̿ŵģԸ
һУΪԼ
ǧһֻ˵֣ǰסĲݺݵѹԼϣܲѪζװ׵ĸܵĴڡ
ϣ˲Լ
һ̷ǧ·ˣΪеǿȥĻţάԼţѽ޷Խĸɽĵס·
ǡ
ǰ¶˴
-ı֮¡
ͷ·֪㲻Ҳõοһ㣬һҪȥȡðȫС

Ҫ谮
Ҫ˳
Ҫ谮
Ҫ˳
ôνǧ۾˵Ĵļ϶˵˫ܿԼĴ-˺-ҧķŨҵĺɫȴˮ-մȾĴɫݳһЦֻҪҾ͹ˡ
Բ۾ëڲĲǧ㣿
ǧЦһһ䣬ĵģҳģ
ϲǧɡά㣨+10
ϲǧɽҳģ񣬽УǧԵɹıֳ谮̬Եԣɽϵͳж㣨+30ǧ㣨+1
ǧĹ𴽽ǡ
ÿһζϵͳ񣬿ϵͳȴĲľܾ
һΣȴĽ
ǿµϵͳ·ܿ͸ġ
ôϵͳħϵͳջָ
ħĽף˭ܲԸ⣿
ǧ΢򴽽ǣ㯺ͽӲ۵ףɲһǵĶݣѹĲٴν˫޺ɫĴ͵ԼĴߡ
ǧͬԵǵļܣ+2+2+2


77 
űԼĲ, ǵʱҲ̫ˣƷǳѹ, һֱ֧ŵҪƵġ
ĲǱǧˣſ˲һ¾ǺݺݵĴһڴоβĿҪѹһ
ǧڿ۾ڿĵ˺֮Ȼٴδ̲ס̵ˣȻƱ͹ڷվֱ-ʱͻȻһģһһ
໡ʹ, ʮû˲ڵϣһס۵Ҫޡ
ǧҲжһϾҪվȥ
û¡ûû¡˼Լᰴ, ײһ, , ڻˡ
ǧȻҲЩ, ֮ǰķۺɫΧûϢʹɢĸɸɾɥԼ
ͼվʹǳ, ֫ſڵϣᡣ
ͻȻоһָֻԼ䣬еĻʹ
̧ͷ, ַǧȻʱߡ
ǧɺ, ڶߵʱоˣȥ˺ܶࡣ
û취㡣ǧ˵
ûϵûϵҿԵģ⣬¾ͺˡȻ֪ǧû취ûǴǧͷв˸ľͬһ΢ͻѡ
ǧʱߣһڵϣǧʱ뿿λãͷ
֪ǧҪʲôʶĻͷ˿ȴͻȻǧȻ΢˯°ڣֱһǡ
ʹʹŶ΢ߣǧСȥҲЩΪѣȴ˵ˡ
Ȼû취ֱӿǧ䣬ǷǧԼҪĴ꣬΢ȵĺѸٵĴֻԼǵĵط·𱻵ȼһŻ֣Ѹٵȼ-壬һǰһ£ͻȻ滺ˡ
ոһֱӲϵʹȻΪƲԿˣһȻˣĸоӿ˶ɵˡ
ˣĲˡס
ǧȴЦˣᣬȴһͷȥǧټЦ˫ͨ졣
ǧһ¾ͲˣⲻڵϷ
𣿡ǧʵ
ˣĲˣˣһܷءĴӵվס˷ǧֱۣҪѷǧϣɴͷβ۾̧±¶Լھʮģ
оԼŷǧʱ򣬷ǧĽԼѹ-ϣǰԼʱҪЩ
ǲ-岻̫ôģѾѿڶˡ
ǧʴش
ͣƽʱҪСЩ͡
ǧƺص㣬򴽣ȴǳЦ㵹ǹ۲ϸ
ҲǸոҲ㱻ѹȥƽʱòȥǧ㣬ȴͬ
ǧϣ̧
ǧ㿴˺ܳʱ䣬Ĳ˼ԷڵͫĽӰУκ˱ĶŶ᲻Ȼ
ôˣ̲סʵ
һġǧͻȻ˵˫һζĻûٹĽʲô
ɻץץףǰǧ㣬ɵǺǵЦȻ
ǧ㱻ͻң˯ʱˡ
صԼķ䣬뵽ڷǧ֮ʱʶҪŷǧ˯֮ߣǧȴܾˡ
ߣҲ˯
һ뵽仰ڴ-Ϸ
ǧôͻȻͿʼ˵ĻˣѵǱΪж
컨壬ǰĵʱԭ˳Ǯûں
ڿԭ϶ǶԷǧҲôãҲֻϹȥ֣ԼôһС÷ǧжǧ㻹ǹ᳹еŮΪ㣬ԭô˾ȻϲԭںԷԼ
ԭô䱻ǧϲء
˶֪ԭֻԼǧҲ̫ˡ
Էǧ㵽ϲԭʲôأϲ
ֲԼĴôˣľĲ
ǡ
һ㶼ϧ
˸Ρ
Լо޶õҽ豸õҽ˼˵
ڶһ磬Ǳ绰ѵġ
ԺĽ˵绰ֻ洫һʮİŮԵ
ҡԺӦ
ڶҶ𣿡

˭
ϵģʲôذֱӹҶ˵绰ֻԱһ½硣
ʱѾˣϴʱ뵽һֵͨĵ绰ͷͨ¼һۡ
ֻд֡
ˡ
һֻͰȥ
ǡǷǧ裡
ָûڵ飬°ѵ绰˻ȥ
Ȼǧ˵ù֮ܳˣļŮͼûìܰʲô£ôҪôܺأǧ㱾ͺܲҪиֵļͥɡ
绰ͨˣߣǸǸԲ𡭡ҲǹҶ绰ģʱһ˯ӲѣԲ𡭡Ǹ衭
绰ͷ˳õĳĬ
пһǻ˼
ǸԲ𣬲ȻŸǸвʲôطȥ¶ԷֱӹҶ˵绰ҪĳԼһСİ˾͸ˡ
ڰϻɡŮһ䣬˵͹Ҷ˵绰
ϻллĸӦĸʲźã

ǧڿᣬи߹࣬ȻڽһǳҪĻ顣
һŵСͷһֻȻͻȻüͷ΢壬һ۷ǧ㣬ֹ
˵ͻȻڰĻ˷ǧ˲䱾ӵĻ˲ž
СͻȻ֣˶ڿԼǧʱڻҵλϣĿֱֱĶԼϣĵȴ˵
СһɫΪѣĿѹ²ǿ˵ܣǹ˽¡
ôҪĻͻȻ˵£ǳĲʱˣСô˵Ǹ߷ǧ²Ҫרͣ»顣
˵ǧȴûаС뷨ʱеıʷתһ£ȴСĻش
С˿ڿˮ˵ĿºɣòײſڣͷԼ˰ϻ档
һ飬еĹǸɲΪ⣬Ѿʼ׼л顣
ȻԸΥǧȴ˿ûҪ˼
ڷǧļ֣üͷѾȥˣ
ûУǹܼϢϻСһ٣üͷ˵ܣ²Ҫ
ǧָεķûһ¡
֪ܲϻʲôطӦ㾭ĵص֮һѯ̹ԼĶ
һ뵽͵͵ͨͼԼ㱨ģǧɫ֮һ˿춯
ڵȴԱǧһ˿ɡ
ճǽ֮һϱϵװǧ㣬Եĸ׼棬һʵİӦȷĴϱìܣ񷢲άϱϵǧȷϱϵΪжɹ㣨+20-50ʧܣ㣨
Ǽᣬصҡǧϵͳʾԥĺеļ
С֣ĻҪܣ
ǧ㿴һСֻ顣
С𾪣ǧҪȥʲôѾǳˣȻҪ֧ԼԼȥȻ
ǧ㵱˵棬治ɫĲδӸɫ뿪
ڿȴͻȻĹǵĹǸ
һͬ㯿С
±ơ


78 
𼱻ǵĸϵ˰ϻ, Ȼ̧ͷһȴɵˣȻǻʱе㽩Ӳ, ɵʲôĻһ㶼֪
ֻһףܶõǮͶ뵽ϷȥˣͲȥʲôѵĵطνİϻȥͳǮӡ
طװͷǧļﶼˣǵˮʱСˤ˸豭ıף˹ܼ֮ŷһױ߼ֵʮ򣬲Լ»һһģһĳױ˸顣
ڷ, ʽǼݻƷڷǧеĸǼ߰ļ۸סĵطýǮܵӰ졣
Ϊ˱֤ԼᱻǧĴִţһܸԼ㼸۸񲻳ʮԪ, һҪԵ֡
, Դ֮, , ⶼΪݳ޵µĿ֧ˡ
Ȼ˿ڿˮѾ˽ǮĴǮȥĳˡ
Щ˼ĳ˳Լĳȹ, ɫȹӲȥſɰС߸ڲֲΪĹ, һշƵķ̶ã¶, װ崿
صشԺųŵģȫ֪ǧĸ׵ϲãֻһƬġһӦôʲô·Żϲʲô͵·ŵĴ½ɡ 
ӵϢȫûһ̶˵ֻץԴĴ¹﷭Ϊഺصһ
ĹӦûмҳϲjianɣ崿һģܲڻгᡣ
ڿ϶һڼּҵĴҹģɣ
ǡ
һڻڵĸɫȺ
ǱߵĴӢˬĺɫºȿ߸ЬȻĳװǳɫôôͻȻþİԼĴģcosplay˸пãֱ롣
վſֳɡ
ԥĽŲֹǰ
ӭ٣С㣬þòܷѾˡͻȻŮߴŵĶȻһ飬عͷżÿƷŮԶ¶ʮֱ׼Цݡ
ӲŲŬֱͦ΢ЦҪ·ķԱЦĽӲ
ôԭӦǳˡ
ȻǮ˼ż涼Լôߵĵط
һű򿪵ʱ򣬴洫ܺŵǳǳõ徫͵ζǧ㿴һıӰԺ󣬲ܿ촽ǳǳЦݣ￩һ
þòܱǸеôʱ䣬Բ𣡡ʮȾϹ
ʱŮȴһ㶯ûУʱŮԵߴһŮԵһЩɢȥ·ɣҲþûˡ
֣ΪŮԲǰĦʦӦǴʱſݴ¶ڱŮԡ
ɫһ
ѡ
·
һԼһ׼Ĵװ
áõġ
ŷݹĺƣɫӲڸ¼ڣպϴԼĹӡ
氲˽ǰɫԡ£ҲЩ㯡
ԭĶȡԡ£ԡŵĵˮζòɢɴûʹˮϰߡ
ͷ۵һײ˹ӣҪ˰ôԭӦúϵ˵ҲǸԱˣ䶼ûС
һμҳ˰
ΡΡĻص˷䣬֮һԷͰĦʦ
Ħʦ΢Цſ¡
ҡҡͷ
ĦʦЦݽӲô
ҿɲڳǰôܡ˵
⡭Ħʦ¶ɫ
ˣĲˡԴǵľܾɫǳ
ҪеľȥԸţɲܱ
ôò㣬㵹ѧˡͻȻӵһߣӱ̷Ů¶ıˡ
ʱѾԡ£ǰ
ûصػױ˿ȥҲıֵĺܺãʱ΢΢֮󣬿ȥᡣ
˺üۣһҪȥҵģϵķǧӰӡ
ǧƯôΪģǧֻ̫ˣƯΪֲֳг
ʵݸպãԿóרעĹϵģǧŴ۾ɲ֪ΪΣûзǧǰһ壬ȴĸ
ϸ˼ѵΪſǷǧ㿴̫ǿ
ôһֱңûЦ⣬ڶȴֻڶûκαı飬Ǻǰһûò
ܰĦվǳĸһĶԲ𣡡
㳤õĳĬտڣֵһ
͡ǸǸǼǸԱ飬Ҳǹģ治ǹģҽһҪԸǸš˵ֳϿˡ
Цһϲŭǳһ
ӿǹʹĻش
ıЩӲǰڰ֣Ǹ˰ˣ˾ʹˡ
ôǴ˾ʹأȻ̧ͷһŵ֣üĿ㣬ǿԷܵİ
һ㶣ʲô
ܵ岻ãƢ־ǿôϺͱ䣬϶Ҳ֪ӲҪȰſ϶ѣԼֻ÷ܴܵ죬ԲŻרŷڷߣܹʱעһ·ܵĶҲĶ԰ɣ
ɫ̱䣺ˣң
ûУǣģԼϵ⣬в۵ģԺ϶֪˵ĺõġԽ˵ԽͣȻҡͷĲӦþԹӦ绰ܣúø뷨
ԭת˸Ȧ
𣿡ȫš
عͷеίôͷˣķ𣿡
΢㶣Ȼ۾⻰Ӳȥ
Ͳˣⲻ˵ԲĬ˺ܹķǧ
еĸ׶ǹԼĺӡƶĵͷ뵽ԼĸףжݵĻìܣҲͺõģỹҪ⿪ãأ
۾ϸ˼֮ɫֿʼԭתȦȦ
˵ЩҿΪں̹ϣԺŷǧ𣿡ͻȻðһ䡣
ʱֻܵĻһ䣺ҵİ£һİ¿϶ҪԼİ£ҶԷܺãҲܰİɡ
ɫҲô׵ˡ
жôף˵ͻȻֻﴫһӦó
Ȼɴ۾еֻ֡
绰ͨˣôӵô졭ɫΣֻʶסֻĻͲǸʲôȻȹҵ绰һٴȥ
ôܸǧ绰ŭӿ
ŭŵһ飬۶޹ǡҸող˵ܹͨͨûܾ𣿡
㱩ŭ


79 
ͻȻŭһ, 㶵ʵôˣ
㱾ĪּȻıڴʱ˼ָѣͻȻӴվͷҲصֱһԼĶ뿪
衭ʶľҪȥ
һĻʱɫһ, عͷȥɫѿԽԽѿˡ
һ㶡
ֱԼ뿪ԱߵλĦʦһɻ֪룬ߵʵ̫죬ֱĶӡ
ЬûüþѾ˷ţʶĸȥȴͻȻſںһײ˸
ʶĵ̧ͷһȻˣǧ˾
˵СȻˣһ, һͻ˾һһ۵ĺ˵̧ͷһ±ơ
ô⣿ˣ ɵ㶵ġ
ʱȴԹ˾ſɵԡֱ֮תڿڵĦʦ֮˼ǣҲȥ, 
ҡ㶵Ļ˵ʲô
Сȴ, Ҳˡ˾Ӳ˵, ת뿪
㯵˻˰, ˼Ȼţȴ˿
ʱŷԼŵһֱܿ, ŬϣǰӪһǳ˼ȴˣ
ʼ̵ķ˼Լǰ˵Щ
ԽԽԼ
ǲǴͷβû˵һֱԼȰȰȣ
ʹס, ߾Ķͨ졣
˵ϲ˽
ôһԼΪ
㲻ɣ
𼱻ǵĻ·תҪ, Ųȴͣˡ
ǰϺϾĵȴķǧ㡣
ɫޱ䣬Ķʲô֣߰ʱͳһ˾֡
þòˣĸסǧȿ˿ڡ
ֻɬҪ˵ʲôȴ˵
ǧһװǰȴǿѹһͷУķǧͬöĿֲ̫ϻۣĴϻۼֱǴϴǰ㲻顣
ǿԼ¶һǳŤЦݣԼڷǧǰȻǧ㣬þò˰ͦġ
ʲôǧ΢΢üë¶ǳЦôû𣿡
ǧ㻯ױʱǻĸԼһЩ򵥵ױݣԼɫһ㣬ѼԦǳɫϵںȴƤķǧԦõ֮ʱ˼ѹȡ
ı鲻ãôô˵һֱܵ塣
Ȼǧȴ˵ʲôĻҼǵ˵Ҫҵǰǵ𣿡
ǧƽͣȴëȻǿЦĸ׵ôǲأҾǣ
ǧ㶯ˣ֧ڷϣ΢΢üëĿ㣬Ļû˵Ͷں
õʲôô𣿡ǧ˵֮ԹԵЦˣҶˣܵõһôһ᲻֪
ɫһȥӲ˵ǧ㣬Ҫô𣿡
ǧǳЦţһԲȻ仰˵ȴҲ顣
ĸף㻹ʶʱķϣΪȷҵ£ȷ£Ҷƽϡǧ㲢ٶ࿴һۣԺҪӽ
ɫ࣬ǧûгЦзǧһһȫǶӺͳ
貢ǧ֪ϵңʵڲ֪ô㡣ͼ˵ʲô
ġǧһ߲תһ˵ֻҪ㰲ֵַģڵƷǲή͵ģľͲҪˡ
ǧ㣬ô˵ǶһˣֲãҪ˰ŵã̷Ҳϴѧˣ㡭㵽׻ŬҪ˵ʲô
Ŷǧ۾۵Ȼ̷ǸѧأѧҪúѧϰҲôȥ䲻ÿǵ£ǰɣĸף
ıһ䡣
ǧȴٿıˣͼʱһֱڽȴ˾ǰֹ㡣
㿴˸˾ûٿڣֻսеİĲУǿǧ뿪Լߣȴ̫ࡣ
Ǻ˵ô仰ʱ䣬ǧ㶼˷Լ
ϵͳжأ ǧΣ˾˵ڵȵ£ķȥ˳кϵͳ˵
Ȼϵͳȴûиκλش
ⲻǱ׼ϱϵά𣿡ǧ˿ں˵ֻҪһԲҷţǶԵõı𣿡
ϲάϱϵ񣬱㣨+20жǧΪȴΪάԵδĵ·㣨+10
ǧ۾ʮȴֻʮ㡣
ԤеҪ١
ϵͳжӦò״ֻҪǡԵ͡顯жɹ
пԲĿռ䡣
ŵʱ򣬷ǧһ۾ǿ˼һӦɻ󣬵ڶӦǺЦֻҪͻڴɢ
ôˣǧʵ
Ҿҽһκ޴ĶԻ΢΢ͷ¶Ĳ
ʲôԻǧ׷ʡ
סգǸ񾭲ĶԻ
ǧҪЦɵ׻ûôӣӣ˳Ǻܲˡ
ùǧֱ˵
ôܲأǿ衣ʾԼ˿ûбο
ôˣ ǧ΢΢ͷͻȻʵ
϶֮һʮƶȻһηǧȴû̻ش
ĸװ𣿡ǧͻȻðһ䡣
ǵȻȻͣ٣һգǰİɣȻǹ¶Ժ󣬿Ҽҵǰҵģһ
ǧļҳ㣿
϶ǲɿ϶аҵĵġ˵ѾЩİˡ
ûҪǣ
ˡ̻ش
ǧ̽ΪʲôҲǻأ
ͷ˷ǧһۣǧȴпʲô
ҲڶԼļͥء
ǧûټ⣬㵽ֹ
໥ӵĸŮҲټǧ۾ЦҲûҪ̫ĸ׵뷨
ͷ˷ǧüֹۣ
㲻ϲ𣿡
÷ǧ㻺һ£Ǿʵ˵ᡣ
ͬ顣
ǧһ֪ضԺԲ˵ĸָί֮ͬɫҪˣӯҪޡ
ǧֱЦá
Ժ㲻Ҫٿ뷨ǧ㲻Ϊͣȥͽͽ㻹ࡣ
ͻȻס
˼
ǰʱ򣬿ȥͦģ˵
׵öšǧǳЦŻشȴ϶ûһֵá
Ǹˣ֪΢޷еõô
ڡ
лӴ
˵ңʲô㯡
Ǹǧ۾˵̫ϸΪ㺦£µľˡ
ңָԼһ±ơ
ǧЦ
üһͷһ֪ô
ԭռbossҲ̫˰ɣ


80 
ǧ㿴, Էһһһһ, ȫС
ֱ𽥵ıŶּΣƮһֱҿԼľȱ֣ǿ𴽽ǡ
ʱŹڵˣӶ̷Сķ˻ʲôҪ𣿡
˾̧ͷһ۷ӣʶĿһ۷ǧ, ֹȴֻǵͷû˵
ǧ㲢ںôⲻ֮ûбҪר֡
ȥɡҪ-Ħڼרŵİ-ĦԤԼ-ĦʦʩһӦȫһֱôѵĽǮά, ʵûеĵطѵıҪ
µײͻԳһ, Сĳ, ҲԸŻһЩʮ־ְͼԼڵĻ
ˡǧѵõ, Խûֵ죬ҲΪ͡
ûиоܾڻʲôȴֱӱ˾һֹˡ
, תҪֽ
ȻҴҸľͻȻ첽ȿڣϡϡͰ, û뵽Ȼˣеķⵥ, ܿúܡ
ģ̌ɨһۣԼļж˺ţ鷳ˣ⾭ֻǴؼҵġ
ＸӶССˣҲǷǳæɣ⣬⡣ǻľŬͷǧϤģ
ЩæһԵĻһͷˮķȷǸɫģȻԷӣǧҲˡ
С㻹û·أȻСȥ·ȥɾİ˵˵ȻǸ˶ܿеĶǷǧ㡣
ǧȴͻȻע⵽˾еġС㻹û·ϡ
ڸոս֮ǰǧеעıˣʱŻȻĴš
ڰ-ĦΪ˷㣬ԡ£ɫԡ±һ޴ĲһԼ˸ʵʵɵǿɿ·˫-ȴʱֵ¶棬ǲİɫЬڡ
ǧڼеԼ˺ܶʵĿ˯£ĵܣҲ׸һֱʵ˵Ǻпԣĵʵ̫ãݡ
ڣɫԡװЩ˼ڱ֮ټ¶˼СŮ̬˫-ʶĲ£ȴСȵĻ߸ӿɰ뱧˫ۣΪԡȥȴͺܷĲλԵø֮
ǧ㿴ſţһ˲ͣ͡
ζҷľͣר׼ĸɾİ䣬ԡµˣڼʱɼĳɻطҲһζһѵõĻᣬԵԡ࣬ǧʵıԼĵԸɣ
񷢲-Ħ乲ǧԵͬڰ-ĦĶ磩ΪʱʱСʱɹ㣨ʧܣ㣨
ǵǧ-彡Ӱ죬ѡѶȣʱһСʱɹ㣨ʧܣ㣨ǧɸԼ-彡鿼ǡ
ǧָȻûεĴذϡ
ôˣŷǧһߵľע⵽˷ǧı仯仯ͻʲôһı飬סӦλӦ
ʱģ̌ͷһ۾ǱһѾ

ǧ㲢ϣڸոһ˲ȷжģǾûж뵽̶ֳȡ
ϵͳҪʲô˼˶ѾóСʱ̫ԻһСʱϵͳͦİ
ǧֱֱŪϵͳãҪΪʲôһ㷢ƫƫҪǳƶĺ˵Ҫ֮󷢲
ں;˵ˣȻȥڰһСʱµȳ֮ҵ񶼻ȫһˡ
治ɫĴӻҳһ㶼û顣
ǧ㵱ŻޱĳʱҲܽţ඼ڼ٣ȵ˿ĵطʱ򻹺һŻϵȡ
ڡ

һʲô鶼ϵͳ֮ˣ
ôˣǡʲô𣿡ǧԹ񶢵ͷƤ飬ĶǻԼǲʲô£ô˼Լûһ仰Ψһһᵽ
ʼɣɣǧռѾ˱һ䶼еĵزˣ
һʱ֮侭Ҳֽţû˵²ס
һãȻȥ·𣿡
ҲЩӦôǰԡ£ԡ±˯»Ҫ˽ܣǰԼԡµиԴڵӾ磬ӶСھƵĳزϰߡ
ڻãһ˵˲תƵԼϣ͵͵˿ڿˮ
ʮ־ĽĿ⿴ǧ㣺ǡȥ˰
ǧ㣺

Ϊʲôǧ㲻˵ǱģΪʲôҪһֱĲ֪ǧʲôԱǸһͱԼϼ޻Ĳ֪ڶһãȻͼʹڸо֪û취㶮ǧʲô˼
̽ԵģűŲŲš
Ȼͣסˡ
ǧ˲ʲôѹ·һɽ
ǳ꣬³һ麹
ʱǧֽĿ⻺ķ˾ϣ˲һ飬һҧɴһѣѽ㿴ЩǷˣС㻻·Ҫôʱ䰡ܲúǿλ˾ǰɣ˾ȥֱӰѷܵĳſڰɣԸȥ÷ܸߡ
£ȴ±ȸղŻҪˡ
Ͽأǧϰ뵲ſɫģڴԱƹȥְܵһ
ôǣ˵ˣʲô˼ʲô
ǧ㲻ڣڳ˴ҳһ
ǧʱ΢΢ȥѾǷǳŬȴЩҧгݣ㿴⾭ôżģҪϣң߰
⾭һӺĶܾܰдˣⲻæСҵܵ°ԸһӣǵȻǾȫ÷˰
Ȼ⻰˵ˣǻˣɷǧȴֲˡ
ôһĥѵ˵ʵǲˣҪ£
֪ԼĲ²ǲǶԵģɨһۣͻȻŬĳһЦСⶼ׼ˣҪٻ·Ҳͦ鷳ģˣɴܣ
ǧı͡
һ̾ҶԷˣļ˵Ҳǣ˾͸СһӣСõİ仹أ͵ŷزǣڸã 
ǧ¶һǳ΢Цݣ⾭Ǹµġ
ܰѷ£ϰҲýǸˣܸôһᣬȥ죬ȥ찡˵ͷ
ڷǧҲΣÿ˵λãʾ⾭ȥ졣
ź˿˲ͷĪеĺˮﷸֹǧĹϵðǧôͶƵģ
뷨鷴һͷ
ɵÿϰ˵˵Ժٲס


81 
һ±Ƶ, һµİ䡣
ȫ֮ǰС֮𣬲طܴ, Ĵװ껪ӳɳԡлзǳܵԡף൱ʩ
ؿһȦӡ
Ȼһ֮̾ɫӿȤ֮߳ȴ֮ھֻʣ·ǧһˡ
˾أ㯵ʵ
ǧողȥ˰̨̧ͷȥھƹϳеľƣһ߻شȥطˡ
죬˾ҲǸĲ£һ쵽ĿݻҲͦġ
ڻ˷ǧ㣬ȴֻҪǷǧ, ʲôãȻܵġ
ǡ
ԺȾơֱס˷ǧκ󷽵ķ֣ɳķȥ
ǧǿԲŲܱƶģɷǧȴûôֻǿԼƵɳϡ
ո, ǳɳ, Կ, Ҫȥǧ㡣
ɿһֱԡµ, ǧע⵽΢΢һ㶡
һֱ˫ֳסԼ·ȥǽ, Ȼԡ±ͼɿ֮Ȼ¶-ڣҪĶ, ĻĿĳ֮ͻȻʹ˷ǧߡ
ǧԺͻȻֹ͵͵Լڵʱ򣬵ʱĵ߷, ҲƤ֢ʱȫ²-ģȴûڿֵľɫʱȻ˶ӿ죬Ծסǻʲôһ
Ҫҷ𣿡 
գ֮ǧƬ̵ʧлָǰǧҲȥʾ
ֻǡ
ԡ棬񻹴Űɫ£
ǧѾվɲǵģڷǧԺлطţô¡
ԡﴩ£ĺܲϰߣ
ǧ۾õµѶϢ
𣿡ǧʵ
ǣ죬Ҳݺײһڻãһֱͦ۵ġ˵˵ž𷢴ҷ㡣

ǧͻȻ뵽ԼԽǸǣҲЩ죬ʱԼֻȥȥˣΪ˲ܣصüѵƿжû뵽˵
ҿǧ˵
ûûʲô쿴ˣһƬġһ˵Ҫһ¾Լ޴˵ʼĿİͰ͡
ǧ۾˵ʱԼ֮ССϷŪû뵽ڻ
Ȼе㲻˼
Чġ
ҪġǧòҽССԼȫƣѯʷڵҽҩ
ǧûţԼվɳϡ
ȻɳʵƵɳʽǧ㼫Ľ޳˫-ȴɳϣĿ֮ʱ̬ӹ͸ŵ̬ݻɳϿȥֱķ羰ģ̌ͷѾĴ͵Ŀ⡣
ǧȻûб֣ʵڱעӵʱĵ׵ĳһǳǳԺкͲùע
ǧԼ˫-ȣ
һ֣֮˲䱬գͰ͵˵ңϣ̫ðɣ㡭̫ҡ
ˣǧһ۾ܿѾȫڻ֮С
ǧ̲ס٩Ҳϡ
ǧǹϷʵЦݣ߾Ҳ˼ˣڷǧĿһһĿǧ㡣
ڷǧǰ
˷ǧϡ
ǧһü
-弫佩Ӳǧȥ˴ӲģʵƽʱҲûܽӴΪʲôôţ
͡͡òԼĵطܾû׼͵͵š˵
ǧһüͷ
ǰľ鷢ĿԺܴ
ǧɫĿһۣġ
Ȼ⾭ԳС꣬ȴȫߵĻ֮һڶסԱ˽ǱҪ֤
ʲôϢ͸¶ȥ⳥ÿһԱȥԵġ
㾡ܷġǧָĵĻĲԲ˽
ûÿˡ˼ơ˲ֲҵģȻҵ˵ʼư
ǧЦȻеעȴԼָĴˡ
Ƥ֢ļģôǵĽӴˣɻһ㱡ɴ
ȴʲô䣬ʵʵڷǰ
ָĴļ-еĵԣһֱܸߣƫڴʱͷ·¶ʺϵˮһ㣬һֻʵܡ
ڻţЩ΢΢ĲڷǧȴԵüɰ
ָĵ̽ԡµڣֻñ·ĵط¶ҪߣҲƺΪϸˣָǸӴ󵨵ĽѹĶѹƤϣֵĸͬˮһ¶ȡ
ָµļŪ֮ż޵ĴĳЩԤ벻ĵطԴЩٶ۵еĶܣȥǿɰˡ
ǧȥı飬߾ģҪּţǲſһ㣬ɫ֮Ҫ룬Ǿ
ǧָ̽ǰδеȣȻҪԡ롣
ˣֺݺݵס˷ǧֱۣΡΡ˵̫ðɡҲͷء
ǧЦ˳㵹ǹĵĶࡣ
ܾͣÿΣʲôڿĻ÷ǧһѵ˵ϵͳȻ˵ȻһˣҪôСҪôǹܼңͺܵù
ǧ㣺⵹ġ
ᡣǧڿ߾ֵЦˣұҲûʲô
һ㯲ԡ
ǧСĵ֣Щԡ΢΢ֻ뿴ˣɲϥ㲻·ôˣһôˣ
סˣһһ¶𾪺ΣͻȻסոգǡ
ſϣҺÿˡ
Сİһôôôô
ǧ㱻ĶЦˣ޷͵ķ˼ЦǧȴԼЦˣ΢΢򴽡
Ц
ٻῪĵ޷Ц
ǧ˫ۣ-嶼ֳøߣͻʹĸָص
𣬱Цˣǿˡ糺գתȥ󷽷ȥԡ¡
ǧ΢΢ü֮ǰ˵Ը⣬ȴԸˣ˵ʲô˿ʵϻΪպ˰ɡ
ֺܺߡ
ƫƫԸߡ
ǿɰġ
ΪԼΣɴ󷽷ſ˷ǧϣԼ˵ߣһŬĴΣɿɣ쿴ǣ˵רſЦذɣ
ǱӦ͵Цķǧ㣬ȴЦˡ
ԡֻ£Ŵ̫࣬ԡɿĶѻ䣬ѩ׵ԡչѩ׵֫ʮֿȴŰʮɫûб⿪´һеһУչڷǧǰ
ǧ㣺


82 
ܳʱǧ㶼ûзӦ, ҲЩΣȻſŲȴҪԾһ, ɴཫȴ־̫ˣַȥ
ǧ㿴СȷȥĽǶֲֺܿķ˻ȥСȱĽЩɬĳΪСڰˣźƺѾںߵķɫ
ǧҪס۾ܲס
װǧãԵϵͳΪṩǧ󵨵֮˽, ԵĻܵвܶȵĳ̶ȶʮֽԼǧҲɿʾǷǰã
ǧ㣺
װǧãʱûнѡ, ϵͳΪڶ, ϵͳ̵пɹ򡮽ղ֮һСʱ, Ϊṩۿ, ǧǰ򡣡
ǧ㣺
װǧ
Ұһ㡣ǧֹϵͳʲôֵϢϵͳǸѼϼ
ϵͳˣûٳ졣
ǧ㵽׻е㼱ꡣ
Ǹ, ܣѵ˵ĺ𣿡ǳǳЩ˼ʵ˫סԴ΢΢ͷ, ۽ȴǺߵĺɫǧһֻ֮úͣ͡
ڵ¶ȸոպ, ·ҲܵģſɳϣǱǧ˫-ȵе߶ȣһֶŷǧĳλһô붼úúߡ
ǧ㳤ʱû˵ɼǲ˵ȴɷ·ܹܵǧһ㣬Ƹںּ߮꣬ǳܡ
˵ʲô˵˰ֻ˵һ޹ؽҪʻ
ڷǧӦˣȷıȽأоùͷе𣿡
ûУǾüʹֻֻҪˡõ˷ǧĻش˿˳Ż˵
Ҳˣôܲܣǧһ˵ţһߴĺ󱳡
һʹĸоŷǧ㰴ѹָ̲ס鶯һ£̰ס죬ûס
ȻôһԸоǧָͻȻʱȫûסС
ǧжݵĳɣһƬհףɴʲô
ǧָĵ˵䣬Ҹҩ΢һ£ʵ۵ͽаɣҲûˡ
Щɣ̫ðɡ
ûʲôá
ҲûӦŽгʵ̫ôŵܵҩڱ΢΢ͿĨʱﻹŲǲҩҲǺֻ΢ʹȫ̡
ȻһξһԼĽŵֱҧסֱۡ
һ£εͦصģǳĲ̣ǾȥҽԺǧ˵
Ǻۣ֪ΪʲôأͺۣءҪ˵ȴһһ˵û׼ָоأأͺܣġ
ǧĬ˼룺Ȼ㻹ֱӷſгɣôôУԽԽá
ء
ǧȴ˿ˣϲС
ܾ÷ǧһ䡮ϲСζɷǧԴһĶǵʲôζŬѹʵм޷͵ʹСķ
һκܼ尾ʱĲŵŵ
ڵȵǧͣ֡
һſһһ£Ѿ࿪𣿡
ûֻ࣬ڼҩǧ㽫ҩŻȽϴȲ˵-Ħ᲻ɸصˣ̵ס𣿡
գգ۾ΪʹӯֻҩɫࣺʵҲûҪģǰ֪ĶͿ˾Īˡ
ҼǵķڶӦûлĵطǧ˵
˵棬桭ʱ֣ԲԼĻ
ڷǧƺûҪ׷׵˼ֻǼ򵥵Ķһ
ãСʵܣҿ𣿡

Լ֮Ҳǧ-кԵĽӲ
ͷһ۷ǧ㡣
ǧɫ֣ȥ̫ãǺӷǳԵİһסôˣ
ģ̌ͷһȻһͼ佩ӲĶӲˡ
ȥһϴּ䡣ǧ˵ԹԵվûξͽ䣬Ȼ·̲ԶǾȡ
ǧһֱǳıԼ-壬Բ˺Լ-Ļֱֵ֣Ӵ·Ǽġ
뵽ʲôҪ̶ȵ
ǧţžԼߵԿ죬֧-ȹЩʹɴֱͰϡ
ǳûҲ䲻ţǧʲô˲ˡ
ԼûʶʹѹֵĽжǷǣһһѹţȴ޷֮֮ͣ¶һһεСʣһֱڷǧԺоòɢ
ǰĹĺ󱳣ɰİɫС£û˰ɫԡԼ裭Űеֱ࣬ߡ
ǧûԼһӻƣϡ
ڿ֮󣬴Ϊʹǳǳʪ۽ǣ֪ΪʹΪļµɫͷ·ͲסԼĸܣͬоһ֮е࣭ϡ
۾õԡڵƷɷǧǰȴȫ
֣ϴ̨ϴˮͷָˮ˴һա
ҲԼ̵գˮ΢Լ侲һ¡
ɼ-ǿҵķӦǧȴǿģʵγǿҵķ
ȻߣлӦڿʱȴǺܵģֻȫζѡ
ǧ̾˿Ѻʹ۶ܻηηš

Ϊĳ
һ뵽ʻ㣬ɬãڲƷĸоڴ֮ǰоȫֻһŰֽ
ڣʱȥڸŰֽɫʡ
ǧվ˿Լ
Ư
ҹƹ֮١
ֻվһͻùǽʹ֧š
һˣøָķȥ׷Լĳ
-壬ȨƣǮ
˵Ҫ޷ҲֻЩˡ
װǧ㣬ϵͳ⵽ǧİƫһ֮̾һ֮ʵʩͷ
ǧ΢㶣ʲô
װǧ㣬ģǴģǧԵĸ鳬ԽԲǮȨĹȷԵľϵͳͷʱʮ롣
ǧֻҪ⣬̱ҲûС
ϵͳͷʱʮ롣
˼ôʮڸı䣿Ĭ
ϵͳͷʱ㣬װǧ㣬ܱǸδ޸İڶǧͷ񡮰-Ħ乲Уǧ˼άʮ꣩ͷʼ


83 
ڽƵſ, ǧԼߵȴû취߳ȻǧѾΪܳʱ, һֱ춼ûС
̲סţܣôˣѾȥܳʱˣ費ҪҰæ
ʼûаѹģɴѹŰֱӴ˽ȥ
֮Ϊᷢķǧˤڵ²ʡĳûг֣ǧʱǰͰϡ
㯵žӣĶ֮תͷ
ϡﲻԣǵﲻ˵, ̽Եǰһʵܣ
ǧĿʼûд뿪ƺ˵ʲôȴֹ
ܵ죬ɻʵôˣ
ǧҡͷ
ȥΣ̲סʵ, ͰӦûůͰɡ
ȻǧֱĿ, һȴûоκ, ڷǧ۾ﲢûпƽʱŵĻԾ, ෴Щģͬҹ֮е˶
ʱƿĿ, ᳹׳ڰһ㡣
ŷǧ㳯Լ֣Լգָ, ڴƷ
ķǧֺƽʱҪѾʱ˼֮ɫ, ʱȫ
֣ǧĿĵģһףֻǳѹ֡
ǽˡǧͻȻ˵
ǡ̻ش𣬡һʱˡ
ҵˣ𣿡ǧ૵˵ں˵˵ǺԼ˵
סˣ⻰ôӣ
ȴΪû̵õԼĻشȥķǧı飬˵Ȼӷ˵ǵġӸ˵Ҳǵġ
ȻǧȴٴĬռļžΧ֮С
㲢Ϊҵģ𣿡ǧƽȴĵ׸ܵ⡣
ɿ÷ǧ䣬˵ûУҾûô
Ȼ˳ŵǧȴûмֻԾгŻɺͲΡ
֪룬ֽŶ֪ôš
ɴֱӰ˷ǧǰ㱳ǧȥΣˣͰ
Ȼûеȵſϵ˷ǧվ
̧ͷǷǧ߰°̬ͣţһ߰һĻһμǧվʱغˣ߰ţͷȴӲ˾ñļǿֻǲԸⱻ˿
ǧϣȻȴɸԱߣǸˣȥаĦ˹˵һ㰴壿
ǧ㲢ûлشָԾûεĴذ壬ȥе㽹ꡣ
ǧĿܻһȦѰʲô
ԻĸʣҪʲôҰң
ǧȴĬˣȴͻȻʲôһֻ
㯵Ŀ֮£ǧָɿֻϻ͵͵ĿһۣȻ顣
ɻĿ֮£ǧȻһ飬̸İʮּɡ
ҭסŷǧһҳһҳķŵ飬ȥҳַһҳ˲²͸⵽ǿȥ˻ûС
ȴ˼
ǽ꣬ڿʼѧ
һ뷨Ժйɣ̽ԵĿڣǲڰʾңˣҪˣ
ǧ㣺
ոշǧ˵ԼģһΡΡʵܣѵ룬Ȣһ̤
ǧ㣺
ɲһɬΪ˷ǧĽżֿСҲǲԡ
ѧϰǧ˵
ѧһãȻ
ǣҲôǧ㼫һĺ˵ֻҪѧϰҾ֪ô
ǧ㻰£Ĭһӡ
ŷǧеĵ飬ģƽʱķǧ㡣
ǧֻҪ˫ۣͻῪʼûйͻῴ飬Ŭѧϰ
ϰѰѧˣôأ
ʵɣ鰡ǿĸоɣܽĶࡣԣ͵͵̽
ǧ㯣ȥġ
ͨѧϰ˼õĳɼĳɹ˵õƣȻҪţڻƿع˾ǧʱͣһ㣬ǵŬ˵ˣΪʲôҲͨѧϰõķ
㶡
ҡͷ񶨣ˣ㱻ƺŬȻģѧϰҲǺõģֻ飬ûзԡ
ǧָĦֻıԵڣûз£Ҹô죿
޼ƿʩǲȻǻѧϰɣ
ǧĿûеò𰸵ʧƽ
ϵûܰ
ǧûǵͷϸĿֻϵ̿顣
ڷǧǰȴͻȻڵķǧѾȫһֻԼĿռ䣬ԼգԼѰҴ𰸡
ǰ
ȴ÷ǧܹ¶
ͻȻһֵֻסֻģ̌ͷŬ񣺡ȻĻһۻ᣿
ŷǧԹԵ¶·𱻾ġ
Ϊʲôڵķǧ㣬ôôأ
ǧΪ޷ٿֻ˶֣һŨܽëƺЩš
ע⵽ǧڷֻʱָʮСĵĹסָ
СĶȴǹҽֹڴˡ
㶮ʲôǰ𣿡
㱻𣿡
ΰأ
ͻȻǧһʣ±ˡ
ʲôʮΪʲô⻰Ӧôش
ᣬΪԼ鸶޴Ĵۡ
ҡȻ˵˵ǾռϢԲߡ
ǷǧȴûԸָСָǧֺܽӲȴɿã
ΪʲôҪأ
ǰ°ȻĻشˡ
ûеõǧͻı顣
ģǧ㹴֣һڶͷһĿ꣬ҪмһҪһǧԪʮԪȡ㵼ʦŵӵʸ񣬸һȷģӦȥʲôĿꡣ
Ŀ꣬Ҳȥɡ
Ը⸶ƽʱӱŬ
㣬ҡǧ֮УŵĿ󣬺ǳǴԨʮּѵĵֻҡ
ɵˣǧȫԼ硣
ȫûκλش𣬿ɷǧȴԼĲֵ쾫
ÿһ䶼˵ÿһĶǰ
һ֮ʱĹ¶ĺӣûп԰ˡ
Ȼǧ⿴
ôţоھأ
˷ǧ֣ǧһ˲Ŀ־壬Ͷݵͼͷ˫ַֿŻϡ
һݵĶǧȴ·Ǳһ㣬΢Ĺâ˲ʧһһĶڰ
ǧͷȥҰ֮кڰӣȻͻȻһ˫ɫǰһ
˫գǧֻйůҪ¶ͻȻӡţһ
ǷǳǵĺܴǧͻȻһ£ޱ߼ʵĺڰͻȻɢȥǰ
ҿأ㲻ô֪ûڿ㰡˷ǧע֮ٺٵɵЦôͻȻԱ״̬е֣̫Ϣһ¿
ǧȻ죬ֻ˼ңǵ˵ͷ
дȥϢϢ
ǧµʱɣŬ֧ˣҵ˼άڿ˵طԾüͷ
ûϢǿʼһʼԷǧٻļⰴĦһһµַ
ǧ㣬˵㰥ûгһأЦǧСϵ⣬٩
ǧҡҡͷͷ
ͬ˵ǰһֱڿǳרעģֻע
ǧѾЩ侲ˣ뵽֮ǰ˵飬Щյס˶ͷո˵£ֻһʱ֮٣㲻Ҫϡ
Ϣһ¡ƽ˵
ǧ˫ۣϤĺڰǰֳ
ʮꡣ
ϵͳĳͷ⧲˼άʮȫ˵ʮ겻ͬǧļ䣬ԵľҲͬ
ǳļǵãԼѾȶĸ顣
ʮ䣬Ѿ̵ĶԼĴȴ޷ѣ޷ļͥûȡóɼᱻƵвߴŹĵȴڱӶˣѧУڴĴ̶ļʺͬ
ġ
һʮĺӣ̫ˣƿڱеʱζʹʱڻ޷ȫʹҹзʹʱ
Ǿġ
ҪĶκԼ˽κζķֻܱȳţֻȥﵽ˵ԸȥԼĻᡣ
ʹġ
ڻҲǾԲԸļ䡣
ʱӾֻѧϰֻƣֻеõǮõȨ
ͻȻֻصǸڰʱ䣬һȴǴŶȶ
һʲôͼӵеʱ򣬶԰ɶ޷ʹ࣬һͷҪأļĸԼѾõ顣
ʵ˼άǧȻƽʱԼԲȥ¡
ȥ
󰮵ʱ
ϢӰǰ·ʹһɢŹâ
ǷǧȴĸоԼ޷õģһ뿪
ʹࡣ
ǧ㲻Ծȫ
ĴϲãϲõͬʱǸӳ޷Ե
ǧ㲻ԾɽԼ뵽ͷ֮С
̫ˡ
ڿ𣿡֣߳ǧһ㶣΢΢ͷ̧ͷȴԼ۽ǵʪ
ǧŵָ۽ǡ
ʮǻ޵ģ
һ¡ͻȻվߡ
ǧ뿪һ˲޴޷Ƶ٣忪ʼϤʹɵϣǧȫĵĵʹ࣬һ߲Ϊʲôû
ͻˡ
ָ뵽УʹȴӵҪʹȥȡͬ顣
ǧʹ֮ȴֳЦһ˱ɵԼ
ӿԼԼһζɿţ໥ϵζǧһ£ΪԼǲ۵Ĺ˶Ļþ
𣿡ͻȻڶߣǧȻ˫ۣ׼ȷץס󣬡𣬱ŶأҪˣ
ǧŬգ۾Ұع飬϶һӡ
ζǴӱﴫġ
ɿţ̣رúȣζ˲ҸĸоѹʱȵĻܺܶࡣСĵĶ̷űӣ𣿡
ǧҲû룬ȥеıӡ
̫ţ̶к棬ֻҪݹģͻȡ
װǧãõһԵ׼ɿţ̣עԵǧףãɹЧθԣöȣůȣȣ۶ȣ
ůţָ£ǧЩ¡
ЩʱȷǻģͻȻʧ䣬ûϵһÿȥҲ졣ڴϣŷǧȥ
ǧûжֻǧòһֱԺĳ
ɢصʧԼȫȻҲů
᲻һ㣿ƫͷʵ
ǧͷ΢һɿţ̡
ɿصů˿Ŀڸţ̵Ĵ㣬ζ¶ڿѸӣûаãȴ·ıһ㣬ǧоԼ֫˶𽥻ů
ǧ㳤ĺһȴֲû֮ǰ䵽̹ǵʹˡ
ǧ㲢ôʳζá
侲𣿡ʵ
ǧ˵ͷ
ٺ٣ʵɿţ̣һʼҲôϲ뱧ȣһİˣʧȥ˺Ҫ˵ʱңҲǴʱʼֻҪһз¾ͻȥһɿţ̡
ǧ΢ںԼ
˵Լ£ʲôɻһֻҪᵽ֮ͻתƻ⡣
ûС
ƽļ򵥵Ľ
Ҳûмڼɿţ̡ǧ㻺˵
Ϊɣô˵أر𲻺˼ץץͷٺٵЦԴӺͷһҼûʲô°ԺȲһʲô԰ɣʲôڲᷢ
һ㲻ѹ𣿡ǧʵ
ô᣿ٺٵЦٷûдҰܰȻЩͦεģǻͦ˼ģһֵͦġ
ǧͻȻס
ô㣬ΪʲôƫƫǸӡ
ֻҪ㹻㣬ְֻ᲻ôڴѵͲ֪ر
ٶŬһЩ㻹ĸããҲûʲô塣
γɼҲĶ࣬Ҳụ̂ǮĶ
ôƴǵ
ǸŮǸӣþǸðְֵˡ
Ժзӵһ˲ʧ
ͻȻһϤÿλá
һֵͦġ
ǧ磬Ϊһ仰ͻȻ
һ𣬿𣿡ǧ㻺ʵ
֡ȻӦˣûκγɡ
ǧǹһ˿΢Ц⣬̵ıһһǽ
ǧ㷢ָո޷ܵʹʵʧȥļӳ֮Ҳûôˡ
һϵͳĳͷ
ȴֻ֪ˣʮ꣬ڡ
ܹ򵥵ķ
Ҫߣһֱ֡
ǧĿ⣬ע⵽˲Լָϵһ˿˿
ͷ
Ҫ޼ͷ޳ȥ
Ϊ˺ÿֻǴǺͲ⡣
ڳɹһ֮ųΪ˾ʾԼ
ȥͷɡǧ˵
ΪʲôҪôôã̫ϧ˰ɡʮۣһʱ嶯
̫ˣҲǧ㴹˵¶ϲҵĲ
һ㶣΢졣
ǧеɿţѾ˵ףȴű᲻÷¡
ӡ
ߵʱȥɡ


84 
, ǧڰ칫ڣĳ˼֮С
İ칫, ǴӰϻĻͳһƵĿȱȱʽʮ־£ǳֵ֮ĸߵƣֱ֮ȻŵָҲܶأһĿȱ
ֻҪûаϻǳԵı־Ļ
ǧסԴΪԼΪûڡ
̵ļǵõʱԼ׼뿪ϻʱֱӽоʱöԷСİ͵칫ȥһ˽Գϴ
ʱԺӺɿţһ߹һǳķɡ
ǧָоԼԼ̫Ѩۡ
ʱȻжݵĹŹɫȴѹ, Ȼ¶ʮֵľԲ˽ЦݣӾڵڶʮָߵĺӰãлһƵǩߵȱӼᶨǰϻϰʮ֣µ͹
ǧһ뵽ʱвԱͼأȻС˰ҿһûϴ౭ӵʱһ䡣
, ϰ౭Ӹʲôڰϻʲô
ˡǧü, 뵽ʱԼǰ֣µĳŵһסһθж, ʹ, ȥϴɾٷŻɡ
ǧϣʱԼȷǷǳĸжڻҲøж, ʮԼôûʲô⣬Ϊʲôʮôأ
ôֹһ°
ԺðϻϰҪô
Ժ϶ֵĴųְɡ
ǧֻصʱԼúõѡ
ǧһ뵽ʱǰԼ־ñʵСĲСˡ
ʮʱѾ͸ԼĴ, Ҳʼĸڴָոպǰ, ̾̾޳Ժﵽ԰Թ粻ôж˼ǺڰĹȥĳ˵ҲǺʷˡ
û뵽
ô˾ȻһȻôĻعԼĺʷһֳģ˽Сʱ
ǧʱʱ¶ļεЦڻǲǶԷһֱ²ɡ
ǧסĵĻڲõʼ
ε㣬һ뵽̷ǧ㼸ҪӰ
ֱԼĺʷ
˵Ҫ
ŬԼε֮аγ
ܣܣͻȻС˷ǧĵԣģ̌ȴС˵С˵ȥгѾأĿǰ˾ķ
˾
ǧ㿴һʱ磬岻ãһǰ°࣬Ӧ֪һصظ°֮ǰġ
ʲôǧһ뵽޷ĳ棬޲һֱֵñ̼ĽҽԺ
⣬Ҳ֪СԽԽû취Ķˡ
ǧָεĲٿûһ£Ѿ˼
ȻһԵС˵ܣɻֱӽ
ǧһ㶡
Ѿ¥ˣȥ˻ СıʮֹŹ֡
ǧ㣺
ǧü䣺ˣֱ°ɡ
רż˷ǧ°ʱ˾ģȻһʼ
֪ǧ㹫˾ĵַǵʵ˾ûκμ䣬ĿһƸʮ׳۴¥ǰʱǾˡ
Ƿǧ㹫˾ܲؾзֲ˾ϵӴ̾ΪֹĿ˾֮ףΪɶԭܼңڶʱ֮ûκ⡣
ҲͬʱͻȻ̷Ϊļҵ޴Ĳƽյ±ķˡ
ҪͻȻԼͷϵӴ˾Ҳ
ŵʱûأǰ̨˼֮󶼻ʮֹĳƺһܣͻȻʶŶԭԼ˾Ҳֱء
Ҫʲôطȷܣǳº͵ǰ̨֪ڿǰ̨ʱĿǰ̨¶ľ֮ɫ
ԭǳ
ֱӴԱߵ˽˵ȥˡǰ̨̹˵ͲûʮȾϹˡ
һ¥ɡ˵һ¥ʲôԵȵĵط𣿡
ʵ˵Ⱥҵķλ֮˿ڹ·ʱв˵Ŀⶼ޵ͣϣڴɼ˻ʶԭġ
֪ԭ˾ĵλܸߣͬԼ߷ǧĲٺ͹˾ϵǾͲʹȨ
ֻҪȥͷǧĹ˾Ǿʹûб¼̳Ųû⡣
һֱ͵͵ƮĿ⣬Լ֮ŵһװϴ¶˼ȸԾڴ
ǧԶĵطһ
һϤĵطеǴŸ߸ЬһװĿ˵°ÿԱߡ
ɽȴһ
ĺУ׼һڵȴŮԼĴѧഺͲȾĴֻ࣬ΧĿ˶ɾ̲סһЦ
ͻȻ뵽Լʲôǧɫ΢
ĺ֢ûӶƽ˵˵ڵݴʡ
ǧڹ˾˵Ŀ֮½˵Ⱥңʵôˣ
ǧʶĹ۲ϢڵȺҵϷŵһŵϴ滨̿Ȼǧ㶸ȻƤһ
ע⵽ˣȻע⵽˷ǧĿĶ򣬴żҫҿһܳȥģΪںܶණѾ򲻵ˣ˺ܾá
ǧһ㶡
ҺҲûвĵزСʱеĶӦҲС۾ϵ͸ϴóһ˵ͦСʱеûĶȻСʱȤȴҲԲһΡ
ǧգգ۾Щ
ӳʱˣҡûǿιһϷԣ
˵󽫵ӳ˷ǧУҿ˹רѡѡܶģ̼˵оʮ֣
ǧְ۵ĵӲƷô֣СɵĻϳѡҳ档
򣬴Чģ˵ûǵһˣǵһξôص
ǧϱӣֵķſȥһ֡
ǧ㣺
𣿡ʵ˸ڴ
ǧĬá
ԱĹǡ
ͦġǧܾľͦġ
Ȼ˼άصʮ꣬ļȴûлȥͯʱڶЩڴı䣬ǻɰǵźĺ˵˺ܶࡣ
СʱĳʽгģûģҿУѾµˣ˺ܶ࣬Ȳĸ㿴ȻȥԺһ棡
ЩСûκ֮ɫԼ˵һ׮׮һȫΪϲ̾͸ж
ȫԷģҪġ
ǧ֪Լźõ˻ӦеڴǸ·ٱϴ
ǷǧֵӳϻСϷŻʽĴ̣ҾȻģ
ȫȫ͸ĵȺҵĲС
һûȫԱȥ˰


85 
ҽȥ˺ööĶ, гкöС⣬, ҰѾȤȫˣĶдԵġ۾ģһĺӣ㲻ҲϷһЩ浽ô
ǧĽë΢̧, ۵׶Ǹ֮ɫ
첻˵Ļ
ʱҲ룬һֱϲߣ浽˯ʲôо
ͻȻѣǵԼ˵仰ˡ
ÿһ죬ÿһж, ڸ, ΪµԼжô㡣
еǽΪ, ҵİ𽥹ƽ֮ʱ, ŸλеСܰͶԶԷΣԵʱʱ̹̿עǧ㣬ܼǧԸ, ǧϡڵһλǧ϶˶ܵƽСҸ˰ɣ
ǧ۽΢΢ͻȻЦһ, ʱϵͳԼķѾ־ĳ̶ˡ
񷢲ϵϲãǧʮСʱ֮ڳʵʵĶĵϲãɣ㣨+50ʧܣ㣨-100
ǧһ, ˾޶ǳټ
ϵͳص壬ѵڰʾƽʱԴ
𣿡һδ
ǧ̾˿á
ʮΣôûɡ
ϲ𣿡ʵ
ܡ
ϲ
ǧСͻȻغϣСһ㶣ϲʲôϲЩȻ֪ԭǧϲЩߣ
ԷǧӸղŵѵĽζСͫ׵
ΪʲôţǧʵǿӲڸԼĲڣȥס
ǸܣΪƳٻ½ͻȻˡСɫ
½ǧһ½ҪĹƷ½ĲҵӴ󣬲һǵĲҵƫòͬǺȻխҲδԷչĺܺõˡ
½¸൱һʵӲԱʦɫͨûرƣǧһֱضԷ
ǧָ˵ΣĹСȥ·һץһѵ·һв̾Ҫӭȥ
½ǧѵõ¶˼ǫ֮ɫ½ǰȻɾͳԷɵǻǰġ
ܡ½ЦݿȥܺͰһҵĺݽɫȴƫƫȥһ޺壬ҿԽȥ𣿡
ǧ㿴һһԵϱֳ֮ɫһЦ˵½ĻС鷳ȥ׼һ²ˮ
ˣҾʮӾߣΪ鵢˷ܵĻ飬ǡ½ĿͣϵĸָߣЦܶЩȤ𣿡
ǧ˼仰ĺ壬½ͯģߡͯװǵЩĹ˾ȫ޷ҵǧ㿴
ãͦϲģȤеһƬȻĲ࣬ǵȷǰʵʵҪĶҲ˵˼ҪǸġ
ǷҪģ½Щȡ
ʵͦϲġԵǶǰ½Ϥ⽫׸˷ǧ㡣
ǡǧģ˵һ
ǻԼҪһЩ˯ءЦţһž̲ס˵ܶܶĻ˵СʱĶܶ඼治ˣˣû취ٻȥˣҲôã˭Ҳû涨ЩֻСӲ氡ˣǮˣĶ棬Ϊʲôأ
½ϴ棬¶˾ȵɫǺܻɵĶ۹ⲻ
ɲǣЩڿȥȤ·̲ס˼ݽأϧҼôĲÿЦ˵
һ𣿡½õͬһݽˮĴһ޴ݣ۾ˡ
ǧԱߣ½һľȻĿʼЩߣԼҲС
ĹϵǧܳʵıԼЩϲ
ʮӱ˰СʱһСʱ
ֱȥһ绰
½ЩСĵĹãһһ˵ǰ̫ɫ۾ˣ÷ʢ϶ҲĸģȥЩС⡣
ǧǳЦ½߿ˡ
Ǹôʱ䣬һˣҲҺڴ´εĻ飬ԵĻһһµĺϣлͷ̸̸
ǧ΢ȣЦʱ򡣡
½ˣǧȴãĪЩ޷
дɫʺͱӣȴʵʵĸ̫ı仯Ҳ˻ŵĸо
ֻľ񻹴˱ջⶼʼԼĹȥǷֵá
½أõ½Ѿ뿪Ļش˵ǿ߰
ȥģǧʵ
ȥ꣬㲻˵ͷϲ˺öϣǮԤԼһأͷ컹ԼͣϢĶ԰ɣ
һԵĻĴлع仰һ㶣ǧҪͷ
ǧĳѾȫ̶Ժ¶˹ĲСеķǧʱʱ̶̿ǳģκε޼
ҪôҿԤԼרҵʦֱڼ˽ơС˵
סˣ
߰ɡǧ˵ȻԤԼˣͲҪ˷ˡ
СӦķǧ㣬оȻûرľȣͺϵ˷ǧôһ㡣
ôҪȥ𣿷ܡСʵ
ǧ㴹Ƭ̺ҡҡͷ°ˡ
Сһ޹㯣޺ҲҲκƭ֮
õģܡ
ڳϵʱһֱȸԾ˵ʲô֮ʱɽŽӲһֱŬĿŴҵԼԤԼꡣ
ҿ˺ܶ࣬òкܶƬģĳˣҪ鷳ģȻǻȥ˵˽ʦɡԺǽꡣ
ûϵǧ˵ͷѡ
ôͷѣͺ׸ıһ˵ʣǷôܲ÷Ůˣɲܻڷʦ۾ֱĿ˷ǧ㣬ƺѾڰǧзˡ
ʦδرȵùḻķʦǧ㰲ο
ܡͻȻǰ˷ǧǰ
ľܽ˫۾Ϊֺܽÿɫͫ׼Ϊ͸Ư˿̿ԼӰ񣬾Ȼȷǧĸ߼ϡбʯ
飬ǲرãоر˳ңʵ
ǧ΢΢ӿ죬ô΢Сı仯ע⵽ˡ
𣿡ǧʵԼһֱǲǶ̫ˣŻôһ˳Ӷþȡ
ͦõġҲû̫ϣص˵·ͷ촩·Ժ·ķ͡
ǧһ㶣ʲô·
װһһǧһ¡
ʱһ룬ЩװļͥδؾͺҸҲҲҪĽǣǲǺܶӣ
ǧ㿴²ɫĿ˺ϣͷۡ
Լ˵ĻҲҪʡ
û׼װء
䣺ȻǾȥ԰棡
Ҫȥ


86 
˵, ǧǼÿġ
֮Ҳ÷ǧǺÿģϾԭ߶ԼµŮȻдòͨ㡯ߡʤò, Ŀǧʱž˼ɫ
ֻͬҲԱ˵ǧǲ̫ÿģⲻȫΪǧݣȥеֲƬͷŮļӸС
οһͷԵ÷ǧɭ˺ܶࡣ
Ҫ޼ĻҪôܸһ·ǧ㿴ȥ̫ݵء
ڵ۾ϸϸĴȴķǧ㡣
ʲôأʦ
ôͷǺ׵ģ˵ͱȽ, ƼͣϲʲôģȻٸҵƽһ̶ϵķ㿴ΣǴʦʮֵ档
ҿĸ˺ööǮģԼɴһôǮ, ϶Ҫİ ʦԱĺͶԷ˵
, ܲԼƲ, λСȻ, ٺʵǳãֻҪͻʹļУʵƯġʦǳķС
Ӣͬ, 㲻ϯʦ֪˿ǲƤҾͷĵĽˣʮƶĵͷ, Щȡļơ
ȴͷĵ˴ʱ뿿ͷɢĿˣȻҵļơ
ҪŶںͷǧһ֮, ͻȻһ䣬˵ڵĻüŶ
ǧ㿴žԼʱѾȫɢѵĺɫһɫĺ
ǧӦ
ڱϴͷʱ򣬷ǧ˫ۣûб˴С
ڳµУںԼò
ѧữױѧᴩ£ΪΪܹ˵¸õӡ
ΪԼϲȥıԼò
ϲʲôģʦܳģϲʽƳϲķͣҪÿŮ
ȵˮ˿һͷûκε
ǰԤԼġͻȻ˷ǧĶУǧüͷһ
ǿԤԼ˺þòԤԼλõģԤԼ˶ð ǸŮǧļ̺֮ǰԱߵȴŴʱлŨױŮϵһӦֻǹ˿໥̸
ǻĸ߼۸ԲˡҲûֱ˵ǧ֪û룬ͬʱҲ֪Է˳ҪŸˡ
ôûǮǼҼҾŮѾȥڳˡ
ҼҾãҰ˼ҾȽϺáʮֵʵϡ
ŶϹȽǮŮȥЩŤˣãܼ޸ǮϹϹʲôİ
Ǵ˾³
Ĺ˾Ůʵ
ͦİɣ׶Ҳ֪
ǧĻЩ۾˵ĲǼٵģĲ֪
ǧָԾҪûʲô
ô˵ҲǸһߣڴǶ³һץһѵ֣Ҫ˵˾û˸ôԳơŮѹ
ҲأҵʡŻǮ
ǧüҫԼĹбѹȥˣô˾ѵҫΪʲôҫһ£
һûбȫ˽˶Ƶ·㹻ѹһ̵ĳ̶ˣ֪֪
ҲͦݳޣôǮͷŮ˵
ҽð
Ůһ㶣˭
Ұ˰ǺǮȻ
Ůģ ŮǶ˼Ǯ˼ҵĴС𣿡
԰Ҳû
ǧ㱾˵ʲôȴʦ˵ԻطˣȻĶԻڼ
ŮİŮĿ϶ĺ࣬ôһ˸ǿ˼̳й˾ĸ࣬һôףԺһֵܼ̳˹˾żǣô찡
ǧָ΢΢սһںǶȻǰ۸ˣǧܺıֳ˷ŭ
ΪʲôҪҰ˺ͱ˱ȣͻȻðһ䡣
ʱˣͱ˱ôأ㲻ȣҲǰȵİ
һֱͱ˱Ȼ᲻Ҹġʮֵƽͣȫûκһ㱻ŭĸоǲΪñȲҰԲ˵
ۡǧʦȻ̿ԼЦĹ̲סЦ⡣
ɷϵģǧҲ¶˼Цݣȥһֱ򣬴ӾԿһֱ̧ܵŮɫΣ¶˼ŭݡ
Ҿôһ˵ôˣ˵ĲһܶȡʲôŮ˾ֻǱķݰ˵Ǵ󻷾˭Ӳ˵ġ
ûʶɳվһҲûʶ桯飬յ˷ǧߡ
ǧǳЦһ˵ƹ
ŶƵ˷ǧߡ
ǧָεĴذϲ˼£
һ㶣ǧΣ
Էǧ˵ξͬ˫ȡ
񡭡
ûãţʾ롣Ůд۶Ǻ档
ǧ㱻ͷȻĿȴһֱžĵĵڴ϶Ǻɫ
Ҳ̫˰ɣͲײˣ߹·ֱǰ泤۾һ
һֱΪȥܱأû뵽ô죬ĺʣʲôĦģʽҵ죬ЯʽĦΣ
ַûм
ǧЦһɫ˺ܶࡣ
ΪɵжûϻǮ
һεļ۸񣬱ȵùֺܳļã෽ĳɹһ̨Ҳֻá
εĵڶʹˡ
ǧ㿴εʹã¶˺ֵֿɫǧ㷢Լһֱʵʹ޵ΣȻô
Ӧúλ˵ĹϵܺðɣͻȻʦԷǧ˵
ǧ͸ʦ
λʮͨ绰ʱǶ°ˣҲڣڶſڶŵȣһʼҵѧͽҪҵĵ绰ǵ绰ڿΪɧءʦһ޼һ˵ҽ챾ԤԼģҪ˵ǮɣҵȷĶҪţ֪ΪʲôӦ𣿡
ǧ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ²ȴѾȫᵽŬ
ʦƺ뵽ʲô£ЦǸһʼǮԤԼĵģߵļ۸֮ЩɵҧӼۣҲͬ⣬ͼӼۣӵǲ֪һ߼Ӽһ߿ޣľͿŸҼӼۡ
ǧǸ棬۽΢
ҵʱ۵ĻͰʱԤԼ£ʦЦ˵У£˵֪ãģһǮ۵һ߼Ӽۣҵʱǹ̫Цˡ
װǧãϲõͼʱϵͳڽв鿴
ǧͼһĵͼ
ӽǴʦӽġ
û˯֮ϱЩƣ֮ɫΪľͬʦ˵һ޵˵˫ȥ۾һ߽ҧ´ϷˮĿȫǾǿ
ȥ˿Цá
ֺۡ
ǧ˫ۡ
̾˿
ǻǮ۳ƽʱҲûɡ
Цȴ֪ΪʲôЦ
ɬĸоӱͷӡ
ǣΣǸмģǰأͻȻһ˷ǧ˼ά˸ǮĲмЩǮͷʲô𣿡
ǧ˫ۣ۵һƬ
ȻżٵĽŲһ޴ʱˡ
ž


87 
ڵ˻˹ȥ, Եʦ΢ͣͣµĶ
һǳǵڷ滺ֶ޷赲İĴ͸
վ˵Ů˵ǰ, һʹ顣
ʱ𾪵ǴʱڳˣҲһ
ʮֳԼΪͻȻԷ˵ڡۣһ뵽ǧŭɶһ嶯һȥˡ
˵ԼʲôУǲ˵ǧһ֡
ֻ𾪵ǣԼһƴʵ̫ˡ
ȫûӦȻôص֣Ĳǹġ
ǰŮƺıԼͻİƴȫ֪ʲôѾʮԵİӡ
Ů𽥵ʹлعʱŭ, ոſ죬ȴ˵һԲ𣡡
Ů˵֮ǰúܿ˵Լ˵Ļ
ҲǹģһʱӼ̫ĶԲֻǡҰһֱ, ֻ, һֱŬĻ, κ˶ҪŬ, Ҳκ˶ҪȰĲѺã˵, ľõ֣
˵ʵ⣬˵ںܾǰ·ǧԼľͿʼͷ̷ǸŮ˶ţھڽӴ˷ǧ֮ļѡ
Ұ˵Ϊʹԭһֱܲ, һֱǳĻƣѹʱ򲻵òʹóֹʹҩʹ, Ǽʹʱ˶ûнкһΣŬԼûκҲϣǸֹҹ
˵ĺܿ죬ÿһֶҧĺ
˵˵ԼҪۿˣǱȰ˵Ů˻Ҫί
Χŵ˶жݣǧβҹģڳǸ˾ܿȻεڷǧʱЯļҲע⵽ˡ
˭ܾܾһǿԲħŮأ
һȻԱߵ˵ͬġ
ǧ㰲λϣͬĿƽʱ뿴ģ⡣
£Ե޹ʶ֣ѵҾͻñ𣿡Ů˷Լûֹ˵·磬ǱһƵŭʵû취ɢǸҪʲôҵôѵ뿿˵仰ʹ㲻𣿣
ŮգΪȥ
һ㲹һЩǮģҲ֪ΪʲôΨһˡ̬ʵ̫ˣΧ˶̲סݡ
Ǯ˲𣿡Ů˱ͱ˴Ҫһ
ѽӣ侲侲˼ⲻҲ𣿡һԵǰο
곤Ҳһ˵ҺƣλŮʿͷҸۿۣ¾˰ɣô
ôˣв˾ǶԵˣ°ңŮһԱߵ˶Լʱˡ
ҴǲԵģǸҲҴ㡣ͻȻһǫ̬ȣҸոո˵ɣϣ⣬㣬Ҳڴ㣬뱨ͱҴΪάҵİ˶ڡ
ֱ޿ɾҩôİ࣬ޣôǡһ໰ ӱŭŮ˵˵ȻԽһֵģڵ˾ԽǷ
Ͷǿģ˭ǽкҪԼܸ֮һЩȴΪµ˵ǵʱ䣬飬ǲͬҲΪԼ˶
Ůֻ֪ĲԣԼľͺһǣ˼ҴоݣԼ˽ѵˣά˵ޡͷ긾Ůһӵ˵
ոŮ˵Ҵͷͦβǲ˵°أԼʲôл˼˵ˣʲô˫ꡣ һԵҲڸ͡
ʱĳѾʼɿŮ˼ҪޣֿʼҪ
ҿĵģôһȻҪˣʱ곤ɫҲЩѿ
ҵĳ棬һҧһ۷ǧ㡣
ǧ΢΢ü
ͻȻǰסŮ˵֣Լ飬ǳȥҪǮҪҶ㣬Ҫǣ
ŮЦһôˣˣ֪첻ˣ㵽˽ˣ
򴽣ʦ˵ǸǸ鷳չһҰˣҡҳȥҺܱǸ
һ̫ú˽ԸԼôֻͻȻԴһȣҲû뵽¼ĺ
ʱģ̌˫ۡ
һֱһһԲͬһƺ«һ˾ͻȻվ˷ǧ㣬ǧķԸͷ˳ȥ
ͻȻǧϿʼ¶ʹ֮ɫɫ԰ֽȥȻǷ˲ҩҩҩ
ǧģΧ˶ʱסˣŮҲ
ʱʦҲˣôˣҪҪоȻû°ɣ
Ů˴ʱŵ绰绰ûȥ
ҩҲǱˣתѸٵĴӷǧİ﷭һҩĸҩﲻǧ㣬㲻ҪҰ
ǧ㱾ֻұգȻҽᶼҪģһ
˼ƬӦóԵҩȥɫ𽥿ʼͣɫ
ãû¡ǧο
ⲻҵ£ͻȻҲҵ¡ŮЩˡ
ǧ㲢ûдòװֻǽΧɢˡ
ǧʱ뿿ϣϿȥƣȴ·̺ʲôŮ˵ʮֲơ
ǧ˿Χ඼˫ۣʱʱʾ˱仯
ǧǰģİȴ壬þȫҵλãȻһͷϡ
ǧͻȻ˵еĹ˿ͣȫⵥеĹԱҶᰴս칤ʵ屶ǣΪһС⣬ҸҵĸӰǸ
һ㶣ǧ㣿
Ů˵ɫһ䣬ĿһͻȻúʲôɿص鼴
ʲô˼Ů˵
ǧ۾λŮʿӸոտʼһֱ˵ҵİ˴ˣʲôʱģô֪
ǧ˵Ϲһ˲䣬ܶ˶ûӦ
Ȼ곤ȷӦˣ΢ָŵԱ˶ͣ°Ͽɻ
Ϊ곤Ĺ
Ů˱ŭˣѵ˲ɣϵӡӻأ
ܿȥָոջĵԼȻͻȻʧȥ˹ע
˿𣿡ǧǳЦ˵
Ůһ䣬ͻȻ˸ոշǧһ仰⣬̧ͷˣ˶ԹԵæԼûͻȻоԼȫ˹Ԯ״̬
곤λŮʿ˵ҵİ˴ˣû֤ݣԳʾһ¼𣿡ǧǳЦ
ˣպҵļػˡ곤͵͵ָȻһ£ڹ̨ĵԱĬ͵͵˵ԡ
ǲˣû֤ݰǧ۾ǳЦѵҵİ˴ʱָ𣿡


88 
ŮΪǧĻŭɶ, Χ˴Щѵһе˶û˼ȨͽǮ۸ʵˣΪ̫²ؼ߸߹, Żô࣬ܵίûһ޹ģ
ΪŮһʼȡֶĴ˵ֻ˶˶ΪˡŮˮΪԵõ˺ܶ෴Уûˡ
ǧһԲҲ˵ȫӵŮ˵˵Լ˳ȥ, ںͷǧһĸߴ˾վſڣѾµĲˡ
ʱǧ㿴һֻŮ˵ѾٽıԵΧ˿޵ĿҲ˼ֶ֮ģʱ, ЭһĿڡ
Ȼ֪ʲôί, ҿʵǿ޵Ŀ, ͵Ƿ, һЩǮǧʦͣжվȻ˵ֵһķ, ȴ˿ǧƣǧ㵽Ů˵Ķĵ˵ʲôŮ˵͸¶ֿ־, 
ҡ֪ˡŮ˲ߣͷ
Ǹȥ˵, һ㲹ǧЦվ»صλ΢̾˿Լ˫ȡ
Ů˵ɫήң֪ԼĳȥÿһԲĲκע뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰȥ˾˵ʲô˾ͷӦˣȥԱ߿Ľ䡣
һ±ƣǸôһԵأ
ǧͷˣһԶſ˺ܾá
ǧ㲢û˵ֻǰĵȴۡ
һ۵곤ֿһ۷ǧ㣬û˵
ôˣ ǧѯʣһ۾Ѿɴ̫Լÿ𣿡
ЩܵץץͷÿǺÿģܵʺòǺܺõģԣôܻ᲻ÿأ
ǧ۵һĨЦ⣬ȻҲɻȻΪʲôֹ
˫Щ˼ץץԼĳ᲻̫أ
ǧ΢΢סԼ֮ȫ¶Ĳͺļڵı¶š
˲𣿡ǧʵ
Ǻϲǲ֪ܲܽôͷôࡣ˵
һԵĵ곤Ƥһˣֺܲ˰ɣ
ûϵǧ˵Ҳȷôˡ 
¶һЦݣܣ˧ˡ
װǧõԵʵĿ佱㣨+2
ǧ㹴ǡ
ǳǳЦˡ
ڻȥ·ϣͻȻ˵ܣ³Ȼȥô
˾̧֮ۿһۺӾеķǧ㣬ǧ΢ͷ˾ͣ
ʱѾˣյ粢䣬ë̺˷ǧ˫ϡ
ǧסĵطҪǱȺ·Ϻĳɫ𽥱ڵڣƶصĵƹ⽫԰ɽˮҫĶܿţٳţûкúõĿܵķ羰
ŷǧţ˾ںԶĵطųĸ棬һʱ֮Ȼǰ
ǧ㲻֪Ҫʲôֻǰȴ
˵С͹㳡վȻûˣھӦûкܶఢɣ
ǧصסķǸǶͽǸõѡ񡣡
ƵǺ˷ѣ⡣
ᡣǧһʱѾƣˣȴ˵˷ʵʱ⣬ǿɢĺõط
ﲻһᱻʹãһҪУ˾޶ĽǮסǿԲǸеıҪõġ
ǧΪԭҪĵطıȺһ˲Ϊլסģòĵ̣֤Լİ̶ȡ
ͻȻڷǧǰʲôĶڷ⣬ڵƹȽϰĽڵϷһݣΪװ˵ƹԭһֱ˸Ĺâ
С߰
ǧ΢΢𴽽ǣ
кܶȤƯߣʱˡЦ˵
ʲôǧʵ
еģܾڴɡЦǰȥƷǧΡ
𣿡ǧʵ
Цˣܺˡ
ǧգ۾һα
װǧãľֵ㣬Ӻ˯ϵͳ״ΪṩڡϵϲáУҩۿ۷һŻ㣨10Ӧǧ̵ڹʹãõǧԵܻʱɣ
ǧüͷһ塣
ȷǴɡ
ȻṩҩɲܵõʮΪܾ컻壬һֶ뻨ѡ
ǧü
Ǹľ飬ϵͳԽӵĽͻԽḻʵͶҲܻøߵĻرҲһ
ǧָûһεĿ壬Ŭ˼ͼѰõķ
ǶԲ𰡣ϰô˻ҪȥͷڴʱǧͻȻָöһķβᣬ˵ƽ͡
ûϵǧ˵
ʵһʱҲǿԵģֻҾϣܿһźΣյİС·ϣΧѾЩҶεѹ춯
סǧ뵽ԼȲҪõ飬ٿһ㶼ԸŹ
㡣ͻȻһ˷ǧС
ǧͷȻһ
˵Сʱ򣬶˵ݳƷĶ𣿡
ֵľЩǧŪһȷҪһ㼼ɡ
ûСش
ǾɡЦ浽˯š
ǧһ㶣뵽˰ԼҪһߵ˯ĳŵ
ôǧ򴽣ײĽ죬ɷǧҲԼŲȥˡ
뵽ŵǧ˵ϵͳҩ
ԵϵͳʱΪ񣬴ϵͳ̵꣬Ƿҩx1
ǧоԼľѾ˵ףǿž˵ǣȻһγĶߡ
ҪĻ϶ҲۣûϵˣרڸĶ˾Ƶ꣬ǿʱȥϢ̫ܵˣο϶࣬һ԰֮ãǿԵ棬סһƵ꣡żڴ֮ȫЦ
ǧ΢㿼ǵ𣿡
ǵȻܵ彡һֱڵĵġǽ߾ȫҪ÷ǧܸһ㣬ȥ԰ãû׼Ҳء
һרȥ˽ҽʲôʩĴ̼治ˣҲǺõġ
ҽƼ˱㳦θҩҲԳԵƽʱܳԵġ
ǿ϶ͨһĿĵġ
ˣܣװҴĸ׵İɣȻܴĸףҺôҲǸŮĲǣأ
ͷȥǧ㣬ȴַǧѾ˫̷ۣƤĹճ˼ƣȵĺţѾ˯ˡ
̧ͷ˼ĴţܼѾſڡ
ʱոպá



89 
Сվ԰ſ, µĹװͬص˺еװ, Ҳֻһ򵥵βʱж˶װɫ˶Ьƽʱȥഺ˺ܶࡣ
ͷһʱ䣬Ѿǰ԰볡ȯĿţûжΧرϸĵع۲졣
ܵǱκ˶Ҫ۵ģĹԼȺҲǧ㡣
ͬڣСһ۾Ϳ˴ʱ԰ķڲǧ, ɫһ㶡
ͷǧ㣬ĺ
Ѿ΢Ǻʺϳеǧϣܱǳɫë, һɫһı, ɫĿɳŰɫ˶Ь, ȥȻ͸¶ֺټɫ
ǧװһֱƫ, ٴʶǧ㿪ʼʱѾˡ
ֻгأҵϸ棬ǧҲһֱѡ
ǽ첻ͬ
ķǧ㿴ȥǸոոбҵѧŮ, ̷Գصഺ˷ǧΪݶǣ, ŷǧصʣǴѧںܻӭŮһ
ǴƵͬɫϵ·, ֻǿȥΪ죬ӦŰɫȹ¶һϸСȣͬ˶Ьɫͷǧ㷴תԼҲƽʱɢųģͬͷ΢΢࣬ñѹ£ƽʱֳɵȫ¶ֳζ
ǡװ
Сˣֽ˾Ҳʵ·֮ͬĻйܼ
ԭƽʱװ𣿺ܲǧ˵ͣƽʱҪƽ׽ˣС²·ļӳɡ
Сڵܽ·Ҳܺʡ
һֱСݷǧϲú͹ƹñˣȴûǧһ촩͵·ܺÿǰһ
Ҳ֤ʵԼһֱڷǧߵ˼ά̻ȫ˷ǧҲֻһͨŮԡ
СЩӡ
𣿡ǧıЩŹ֡
ʲô𣿡Сѹе΢Уʵ
Ȼúܺ𡣡ǧ㽫ŽɣȷСû⣬̾˿
û𣿡һԵ죬װ
סӡСסˡ
Ǵ䵱ǧ
ǷرСʱʦ÷͵ʱէһȥءЦס˷ǧգΪܵ۾ܴƯԵʰɣ
ǧͫеӰ°
֪׼װʱе㲻Ӧ
ڿװ֮󣬷ǧ΢˿ÿμĹ۵·ֵͺʸж÷ǧܻ
˵΢΢΢ţǧȺ֮УΧһƬӵǺ˷ȴûкһͷ̡
˯ˣƣ˯
ǵ˯֮ǰ˵ʲôξ֮ȴİ
˯ĺܺá
ǲҪҩҲһܹܺõɡ
ģۣ̌ĲΪʤĸ׵صؾͷԼȥһ㣬˾µĵױ˼ֳġ
Ȼǧ㲻ȷǲԼĴȴֻҪΧһжž
ͻȻͷΪʲôһֱңܺÿ𣿡
ǧĬˡ

ǧԼʵ뷨ǵģܺÿ
СȻŤͷ֮жǲţǧ㵱Ȼ֪ǵû
¶һ򵥵ɬЦݡ
ΪʲôҪһء
ǧ㸹š
ѵһ춼ҪǰԼʵĺڴһ԰
ȻΪԭһֱάֵѾٵ˴룬ûдôԱ
ľýܺÿҲԼϵ·ĪʺԼҲһ˵ƽĶԴȺ֮еӣҲԱ߹ɽµʱ˷ľмֺ档
ҪʵԼĵʵ뷨
ܳʵֻǲ˵ˡ
԰ڵķǳ࣬ĴȺиָĵ棬ŮǾĴЦڣ໥֮佻Ц֣Ƿǧĵط
ΨһԸܵӣҽԺڵ
ȻҽԺְһֱĽ㯵ŭ
ֻлЦ
ǧϣͻȻЩڡ
롣
ܣܡͻȻӶߴǧԴͻȻʲôǧʶȥһֵ
ժٴδǧһ١
ǧЩӲͻȻ˹˴һͬһֻĻϳˡ
ǧŷ֣ԼͷϱһֵСһ֪νװƷ
ڱڵķ򣬷ǧ㷢˴ʱڷŸϡŹֵС̯λԼͷϵĶ̯λϴıţһƬ
ǧ㣺
װǧװԵĵߣɰȣ
ǧ˳ǡ
ÿɰҪֻһ˵һֻ߲
֮ǰõʲôǧʣ͵͵ֻסĻ
Ƿܰ˵ǧһ㶣Ȼס˷ǧη֣粽ߣȥǱߡ
ǧ򴽡
ҲеҪƬ
װǧãѾµͼģѾϵͳУǧʱ鿴
ǧ㣺
ϵͳǲԽԽ΢ˣǴ
Ȼţɷǧ㻹Ǵᡣ
У໥¶˿ĵɫԼԴ϶ŵֵװΪصλ΢˽ǶȣȥͺڲĶͷһ㡣
ǧ򴽡
ԽԽˡ
ȻȴЦ⡣
е԰ڸָǳ̼ĿǧǲģŵĳӣǧüûгһҲŶĿ
Ŀܲ档СüͷͬʱŶӵʩִ˵ľּС
÷İգգ۾ͻȻֽһֱŵ˷ǧϣȥ棬ܿš
ʲôСɵˡ
ȥ棿һˣ
Ȳ˵ڷǧǰȥʲôֱ˾ſҪȥ棬ôܻͶ룿
ȻһֻסСļЦţˡ
Сɫˡ
ǧͷǲ֪ת˵׶ٶȵĴʩǿѾܲʹ࣬ΪʲôҪȥֶ
ǧĶ΢Ťͷ˵ȥɡ
ɫȻӲŹ֣ĬſڣҡҿԲȥ𣿷ܡ
ǧЦЦ˵ˡ
ɫ˼䣬Ӣ¾һǰŲͬǧصĽŲ
ǧ˫ۣ΢ס˹ǡ
񡭡ԼҵһȤˡ
ԼһֱСԼһɫĹܼȴ¶˺һɫ
ΪԼ˲þܾС໥һۣ׷ڶԷп֮ɫ
ǧ뿿ԼϣһֻûıԵͻȻһֱĬ˾
˾ͷ˷ǧ˫ۣ治ɫ˵Ҿѵȥ棬̫Ȥ
ǧգ۾ûб𴩵ΣûԼֻ뿴Լɽʧɫģ
ǧ㻺˵Ըֵط𣿡
ȷҪܻȽѣǡ˾һȦ˵ʵﷴ̫ķİȫ
ǧָһ٣˼ǣ˻ж
ǲǲҪ
˶ֻԼȤ
ܣܣߣǧȥ׷Ѱķ
ͻȻߵС˾С
ǧ㣺


90 
дӷתľ޴еϴ, мһϤߡ
ǧҲЩ£޴Ļеת, ǧܿʱڻеϵҲһ±ƵĿԱ߾еС
ǧûԼȻһܿСôģ
ͻȻǧע⵽Ե˾ǰʱֻСķ¼
ʲôǧʵ
ʵ˾ѵõ¶˼ֲ˼ƤҲЩ죺Ǿãͦټġ
ΪǴƽʱĹһĬûʲôԵҲڴʱ¶ټĻõһ棬ǧ㱾صҲƺˡ
Ƿǧ˷ߵżСŬ˼Ŵд
Ҳˣ
ǧ̿
Сһ侲ӣʶСʼ
Сѧʱڵĳɼܺ, ͬʱǧһֱȾӵһСһֱǵڶ໥֪Էȴʶ
ǧСͬһѧǷǧѡѧУȫΪԼҪ, Сȴ֪Ϊκͬһѧ, ͬһרҵ
ҵ, һǸ׷Լĵڶ, Զ˼סĵڶ
ҿ˺һĴѧһרҵҲ, ǧ㡣ʱ̷ŮĿѾϴķ׵Уƽ, ףǰƽ
ʱķǧֻС仰Щ쳣ֱȥ˴ѧֲ֮ûС, ʱǧףһףںǱͬĹ켣
СһŮļͥãΪǸծۣ˸УƾԼһֱĳɼѧУȰ˵
ʱĸ˼һֹ̥ѧҵȥΪͥḺ
ǧҵ˵ʱڹСǶԶֵϧǧδӻС
СµõѧҵҵʱûκĽ˷ǧĹ˾Ϊ˷ǧ֡
ΪǳŮԵʣСһֱܳأŬб֮Ĳƽϸ˵ʧΪǧҲС
֮ʵûжܣеĲǶͬɼŬϧǺٽҲӲԶԷ˽֮º档
ǧ뿿ϣŴʱѾͣľ޴еСɫһƪ԰ףƽȫûеĻţǧȴЦˡ
ûκһͳ졣
ֻǱѹͯԡ
ΪСʲôڡ
ǧ㿴һֱС΢΢۾
û뵽ô£Ҳȷͦˣ䶼ҪˡСһһ˵
С԰ɫͷҲЩңǿһЦ˭Һˡ
գգ۾ͷһ۴ʱСץסֱۡ
СɫӲˣһĺݺݵ˦֣ǿӲİͦ˷ǧ㡣
ǽŲе鸡
죬Ťͷصȥ
˻ԴͦģʵҲеܡ
Ϊǧ㲢ܲĿǸܷΧڿֺ͸ָ֮Уǧʼǰš
᲻еģЩȷʵǧһֱûв뵽κλ֮С
ᡣǧ˵
Ĳᰡʵ
ǧӦ
°ͣ۾
мҪȥʩûССҪӻҪ֤Լԣ໵ɤˣԱߺźȱ֭ѾһҪ̱ӡ
ʵЩû̫ĸоʩϵʱῴǧķ򣬶ܲ׽ǧ͵͵յģ
ɵĿ⿴ǧеѵ˵
ɡ
ɼǵõʱʩ֮ʱСıʵǲ˵ÿ
һһ
ͬĿһС
ڰ
ϡȻǧû¶Цݣºĸߡ
ǱոȾ
ģ׼ûġ
ȥһЩô̼ʩɡ
ǧͷ
ô̼Ϸ˵Ϸ
ǧܴʲôϷֺܿ죬ֻҪͺڼε֮ܿϤ޵ˣ˾
˾ڣǸܳԵ֣߽ϸ߲ǳʵ·Ƚһֱ˾ڶкܲı֡
˾ֻץסǹ֧ȻȻͷβһûֱӴߵķʵ̾Ϊֹ
Ǻ̲סһ̾
һʱı˾ѵõĽʲô
еĶϰ𣿡ʵ

˿϶㣬ǰѵǸʿ𣿡ʵȻһ˾ȴû˵
ǧ˵
̾˿Լʲôʵ£Ҳֻ˸Ǹı뿪˾ߡ
˾ܸȤǧʵɲꡣ
Ǿе˧˵˲ЩԾ˵˾Ե˶ôĽ
ǧɫ䵭һһֱվڲԶ˾
˾̧̻ͷǸܵʲôһ˲伤˷ȻڷǷǧĿ֮󾯾Ǳ㯡
˾ǱǼڴӹˡͻȻǧ˵
һ㶣ʲô
ǧͣСС㣬һ˵򵥵Ļ˵Ǽ
䣬䣬Ͱ͵˵
ǡǧ㻺˵ǸˣʶʱԸ˫ǰҳɹһء
˶ɵˣܣļﶼô̼𣿡
ҪǮȨܵŵʲôֻ㲻ҡǧȻûʲôЦݣȴ赭дĹԺ֣ˣܹѵģֻ˭˭ȴûģΪܰѿס㲻Ҫ̫
ֻڵӾвĴʻľô׵ĳԼǰ𣿼ӶǵӾоѵż
ܾáеУаġ죬ԭ磬ԭߵжڱ߽߱ǽǶ֡
û˵Ļ𣿡ǧЩã˵Զ㡣
ŶͷΣյˣҪ㿿
ǧ㿴ɷнµĵͷһ
ǧɹᵽԴ׵ľϣ㣨+2
ǧˡ
˾ֻһͷƤ飬ͷǧҪصŮͶȫͬĿ⣬֪мܣֻӲͷƤתͷȥ
һֱΪǷǧֲסصõľƵꡣ
ȴû뵽ȼֲסľȻ
Ż·Ѿ˵ˣıС֧ţѾ
еĻûҪǿŰΪʲô˵أҲһΣֻǿһֱû¶ʲôѹ֮ɫԣͶšʮ˸
Ŀһۣӣ˵ʲôŻ˳
εץץͷǸǰ͵ˣϾͿϢһˣټһ¡
һ߿ŵڿһϤıơ
ˣ ۾һ
ͬʱ̧ͷ
˾
С
̧ͷһۣ
ȥɣҶõİ䣬˾Ҳˣҿ˵Χкܺãܡ˵
ϵķǧ临ӣ֪ʲôط𣿡
Ƶ갡ȻĻش
֪ŶģǧЩ졣
ѽȻǳģȻǲסͨľƵ갡ȻǰľƵ꣬Ϊ¿ľƵܶҲִкܶ˼ʩҶ䣬ֲͬ⣬ⲻǺܰ͵
ǧ۽һ
һȫͬ磬һĻЦ֮ôܲһҹأƵֵӵУǧڲͬĻ֮¿ٺԵĺг֮ðɣɣΪۼǧԵͬھҹɣ


91 
һ, ŤͷˣȫԼѡһҲĵطϲá
һֱҪõķ䲻, صԤõķ䡣ЦץץͷЩ˼
ǧ㻹ǵʱСģƵ껨ȻǱǼƵҪߺܶ࣬ǧѾܹʱʱһ߿һ߸ģˡ
Сת˷ǧķ򣺡Ҫ¶Ƶ𣿷ܣ
Ťͷһ㯣Ϊʲô
ǧ뿿ϣܸӡ
ȴ֪⵽ǸʲôƵ꣬Ը϶ֱ뿪, κεĳɡ
ڱϵͳ񣬶Ȼĺڴ
ǧ򴽡
Żһκݺݵ˳ʱɫ԰ֽȫﻹƽʱ̬ȰȻŮӢģ, ԰ɫ, ˵, ҡҴ˷ܵרƷ, һҪȥʰŻ
һǱ֤ǧеʶȣж϶һ˴˾, ȴѾվվˡ
һԻЩ˼ץץһֱûʲôԴġ
ǧ㿴ܵ˵ɡ
˷ǧĿ, ˵ܣҪ, ֻǻһҾƵˡ
ûϵǧ˵ԼҪһ𣬸οԼһֱôܣֲħϰ壬ȥɡ
ʵе벻ΪʲôҺ񶼶Ƶųӡ
˺ܶ࣬¿ľƵɾֺܶӦû
ȥ˾Ƶ̨ǰǰ̨ŮһеñҲЩ΢ڿǵ֮¶˲ɫ
ע⵽ˡ
벻׵Ϊʲô˶¶ɻı
ڵõԼרŵһŷ뵽֮ڵʱҲЩ졣
ʱڵݸʱ򣬻ص˵ÿ칤ô࣬صظ㶨һԷһµķ䣬ԺúϢһ¡
֮ľϢǳǳˮѾϰжκηλѸٵʲôǷʽȪùݣȻ֮󿴵һһ˫õСȪ
ûдϵĴ̣ôʵҲϲĵط
ܽĴ̡
ڰ۾ϲˮԡģȪԡϲΪʿʱ¶ޣһûϴ-裬Ըϲˮݵĸо
ܿտķ䣬ֻҪÿһõĳЩŨ֮ʱֳʹõĳЩ֮⣬ʵܷġ
ϰڹ۲ÿһ䣬ȷԼڰȫ֮кŻᰲġ
ɵϰһֱڣǧнƸɲһǷϵϱ
ϣԸӡ

ôжϲķġ
ֱʵ̫ˡ
ǧΪ-ԵʼޣǱҪҲǣڹ˺Զ̽ģҲرκѡµˣҲͬΪζԵ˵õ㹻Ļر
˾˷ǧĶԻȴںŲŲʱֹ𲢲ڸ¡
Լݵȷεɡ
ͷβûΪݶȣûκα仯
ڵԺﻹǼǵõʱصĽŵ˵Ǿϲе˼ı顣
̾˿
һζʲôҲ֪
һ䣬СڷŻµúõ֮˷ΨһĴԲ-ϡ
ַԼ-ĦСһͻȻ˵ǸܼңڶʱȷϹϢǷԸͬסһ䣬ǵ㶨һᣬ˵Ժһס
ͷܺãΪʲôҪǸ
Сû˵
ϡЩ֣۾Ȼڿ˷ڵĲ֮˳˼
ⶼʲôϡŹֵĶ̲ס˵
֮ܲƽʱڷڲõɫסķͯйƣ¹ﻹ൱Ļȹӣȫܵ
ɫţֵľӣûжȴ¥ݣȥ񡭡
ӦŮҰ޵ɣЩССһԵ̨֮ߣǾû𣿡
ü䣺ֻסĵطҪ̫ţҲɻЩ
Сֹ
ôˣﲻԡ
СĿⶨڴʱûпĴͷ
̧ͷ˹ȥ

ǽĴǡŮŮƷʮֵĿŲΡ
С˵֮ǰǽ֮ǰǵȴһʱ䣬¾ڸһЩŮŮҪʹõƷ
ס۾
ʵаɣȫµģӦеĶҪµģҲ鿴˼۸񣬱ƵĶǺܹ󣬿̫ΪȫһԵߣЩǿԴߡСһ侲˵
̾˿Ǹġ
ΪǴ𣿡СͻȻ˵

ͻȻڴ˳Ĭ
ܾ֮˵Ҳ֪ı仯ʵ̫޷жϣһỳϷĻڡҲȷˡ
С񶨣Ի㡣
ûƿס۾֣˵Сжȷ𣿡
Ȼ仰Сȴ˵
ϢɡС˵Ĺҿ԰֣ȥһ·ܵķҪƷ
鷳ˡڶģվˡ
ȻСȴû뿪ʵôˣ
СЩƮҽ죬ͦġ
ֶ˶٣Сļ֪һ㣬澭С˵ǵһΣСάǧܳԼΪĿˡ
Ҫ롣˵ͷȻֱ
С֪ô˵ֻſġ
Ҳʲô˵ˣڵҲ֪롣
Сȥ˷ǧš
Ȼû˿š
Сһʱ䣬üͷ𣬿ʼǲǳʲô¡
ֻҪǷǧС㶼ҵ飬Ŵ𣺡滹ȥоƵĹˡ
ȻСĻ䣬ͻȻűˡ
վſڡ
ʱߺ졣
ֽסŰ֡
߷ߵᶼҪµ
ĵͷȥ̧ͷģ
ǲҿ
СεȴȻıΪʲô
˳ڽ˷֮ﵽʲôطɡ
С˳Ŵ򿪵ķſȥ˴ʱϵķǧ㡣
ǧصش˧̷ڶ΢΢ڵסĿƽͲûдһκεĸо
ʱǧҡҡͷС׷ǧ˼ǲҪİ
ʱС֪ԼѾ뿪ˡ
ֻǿǰͷҪѪСʹģû뿪
С㯡
ԡԲ𡭡΢Ӷ洫ñѹԸ⿴ˣҲǹġ
Сʲô飬Լ˵
Ǿ˵ʲô
ҪǸСԼһζҪΪԼ׼˵Ǹ
лл΢Ļһ䡣
ллСص
ţ顣
Ϊǧѡ⡣
ֻһ


92 
˫, ŻڵѾȫҼˡ
ǰǧͻȻ˵˺ܶȥ飬Ҳᵽѧʱڡ
ǧ˵Լеʱѧϰжȹ, ѧʱļͣ鱾ϡ
ߵκ˽κҲȻ꼶һȴκ˵İ
-ܴʱʱľסԺΪҼҴƴֱӸѧУͽʦκ˶ܴѧϰһʱʦһһ㰵ʾͬͬѧ
ǧϿѧϰ¿ξͻԼ-彡, һѧϰ֮һжûκι硣
ҴμΣͬѧͬѧϰҲûвκΰ༶ʱķǧĻУ渵Ҽǵͬͬѧ, ǵǵ, Ȼ˶ҵӡֻ-岻չԼѧϰĸӵܡ
ǧ㻹˵з¸ͬѧۻ, ʱȥӴĿ˵ľƵ, ʱԼ·ſڣȴûһϳ
֪ʱķǧΪʲô˵ô࣬ʮƽҲȴ˵ǧĿ, ԼȴԹȥΪ
Ҫȴκﶼֻڣ𲻵κá
뵽뷨
ȥѾ޷ı, ѾʧȥѧʱѾ޷ٻȥǾʹµļ, ƵһΪ¡ġ⡯ʱ붼ûͶ
ңҽרŽعѧʱʱ򣬻и䵱ͬѧˣǿڽҴµĻ䡣˫רһЩϿεȤĹֳȻܵѧʱĻ䣬ѧʱʱеֵļԻ䡣
û뵽ʲôƵXXƵ갡
ȷǷսķ䣬кڰ壬кܴĴмΣз۱ʣӱһϵڸʱܿĸָССĴʩͶӰǡ
ڣڽҵĺһž޴Ĵ̣иָXXõĵߣഺĿռĳ硣
ͶӰǵĵ滹иָXXӰƬ
˶Ҫˡ
÷ǧһõĻ䡣
ȴûҪǧһ׵ļ䰡
ѾԼĶڵһ仰˵ˣӵǸʲôԵģʱΪʲô࿼ǿеġܡǸʲôأ
ͦõ𣿡 ǧǰ˭Ҳûй涨ͱ밴Ҫǣ
ͻȻоǧ㴥ԼĶ䣬֪ԼĶڿ϶̵ĲУǧָ·ĶŬĽһ㣬Ĳ˼顣
ԲĲ֪ǿˣ΢΢̧۾Ϊ߷߶źɫ۽Ǻģױݺû˶ȥǱƽʱ˼ֿɰ
ûϵǧǰ-壬ס֡
оԼִʱǧץţûҪԼ˼ǾͰķָָǶֲܸȤһһֱȥĿûꡣ
ʲôȤĹ£ǧͻȻ˵
һ㶣ֱӴӶŵ״̬վֱ-壺Ҫ𣿡
ǧЦˡ
÷ǧЦݺͣƽʱ޷ᣬȴ֪ȥݡ
Ĵ
ܾýķǧ޷͸ͺʲôһ
ָŷ۱ʣжݵ졣
ʵһܲͯ꣬ҲΪĸ۰ӵѵܹͯ꣬ھ޴Ĵֻ֮ǱóĬͲϽȴǳΪ˾񼲲ߡ
ǧվϣվڽ̨ϸһĵطһ۾ܽǧ㿴ı飬Ư۾-塣
һʱ֮䣬ڵĿѧķǧһ㡣
ǧͷҵһЩ鱾֮󿴵鱾кܶʼǣӦǴѧչѾҪĿα
ǧָһƣָƳһƯתʣһᣬͻȻ˷ǧĿ⣬̻عͷʼİԼһʦ
վŵĽ̨ϻһЩ̰˽̰Ľ̰ԼϵһЩ˼ĶӣҪݡ
ȻȴͻȻӦʵԼûκα츳ǾúȤĶӿΪʲôԼݳ֮ͿĿİͰ͵ˣ
ǡ
ǧȴЦ
еĿЦǾ鱾ͷһֱרעЩ˼
-𣿿ⰡĿİͰ͵ҪóΪһʦϡ
ǧȴ΢Ц˵ʦˡ
һ㶣ͷ⣬ô֪ѧҵ֮ӵĶ˸飬ڻܼǵĿ𣬡ǸǾ˵˵ҲûбҪҪ԰ɣ
ʦߣԴҵҲʦܸҽĿôʦأǧȻЦţȴĶܲġ
Щѹҧҧѵ˵ƽʱķǧһֱôϿεһ㶼ʦӣԣһ˵һʦӦûὲǡ
Ҳǵˣ˼Ȼǻʦҵѧ˵Щ˼۱ʡ
Ȼʦû취ĿĴ𰸣ʦɲԸұĴ𰸣ǧʵ
ʲôģ඼ˣô˷ǧ˵Լѧϰһֱ꼶һأĵһԼղûп϶õѧУԼȫ֮𰡣ȻҪǧʦǸǧ㣬Ĳ̫Ȼ˰ɣҼǵСܴǹ
playʱ̫ðɣǧͻȻ˵
play㾪гھȻplay
ûȶʱܵ˴-һ˴Զˣȫ޷ڵ״Ӷ˭ڸʲô
ǧ΢΢ǣ޹΢΢ͷ⣬ʦһغصҪʦ󡣡
⣿˿̰ѵǧ㲻ҪĿǸո˵òҪ
ʡͣ
ǧ΢΢ȹ㣺ʦԴ̵ȹأ
һ㶣ʲô
Ȼȹ㣬ʦȹʲôأֻҪƿܿʦ˫-˰ɣǧ۾ڿϣȴѾ˽̨ϣָסȹڡ
ȫ޷Ϸǧ뷨ʦǿӣѧУûй涨ܴȹӣʦȹѾϥˡ
ģ̌ͷʵʦ˺ÿױÿ·ǻѧǷ𣿡
һ㶣ͷԼ··ǳ
ʦѾѻʿ˰ɡǧ˫ֳϣ۾ǳЦ
ǡǰѾȫϷǧԻ·ˡ
ʦзǳҪҪʦңҾȫȥΡǧ¶Щ˺㯵ɫʱһʶľҪȥο
˵ʦܰľһ㡣ûע⵽ԼȻǽԼʦʱͻȻع
ǧͻȻ:ʦϿεʱӶƿһѻʦȹӣôã


93 
ǧ, ӲЩӦڹȥҲϡ
ԲȥѧУ, ȥѧУҪĿӦѧУķΧȥ˽ѧУڿݣڻؼ֮˽ʦиϰ
ǧѧʱѧϰжȹģҲ˿һʱ䶼εĹȥʱԱôڵҲô޼ɵȥԼ¡
ôϵͳִֻҪǶкôͻȥһʼԼǰأ
ϵͳĵ˿ץסĻᣬŬҲץסʱ
װǧ, ǳлԱϵͳֺ֧Σõʱ֮ѵϵͳܰʾֻҪΧкǧԵĵķΧУҲŶ
ǧһ㶣ͻȻЩЦϵͳڱ佱ԺĻôԻ
ģ̌ͷ, ЩŵЦ, ȥȻܽӲ, ȴŬҪԼŬӪЦ, ǧȻúЦȴһֱŬӷǳĿɰ
ʱǰ߶߶ʮԼʱ뷨ڵ뷨Ѿȫͬ, ʱԹˣԼõĶ
ǵȴͬˡ
ھͬѧ֮׺ܶ˸Ҫά, Ҫʲôഺٵɬ䣬ץסõʱ, ΪԼӪ˶ڶõδ
ǧͲ䡣
ȥж߾ȫҪûģܿɰ
Ϊ˾Ƶߵģܿɰ
ÿڽӴĵ֮װνģƿҲܿɰ
ͬ˵һԻʱ⣬Ϊˡ
ſţǧͻȻðһʣڵͬѧʦֽӴˣôأ
ͷһӸ־ô޷ǧͻȻӵ޷Ƶڴ͸ٵĳص˹ȥ
ʦĻ
صĽɸдӷǧͷƣվڽ̨ϵģľͺ˵ʲôһ
·Ϊһ-彡ģʦ˼Ļѧصķȥʦ
α֮ڴ򿪣ǧۻ+3+3+4+6
ŷǧ뷨Խǹ֣ϵͳӵľԽǷǧ㶼ļˡ
ϵͳƺΪ˲ŵǧֱӽۻֵʾڷǧĲ۵Ұ֮ڣǧע⵽ԼĸڻΪ
ΪĴ-ҲΪԼ޷Ķ޾ǧ˵ȫ˵Ļ
ʦϿεʱӶƿһѻʦȹӣôã ǧ˵֮ʶһ´ꡣ
ĻﲢǺӦҲЩ޷ε⡣
޴˫ۣԼӲδʱ˿ɰ½ǶģԼ㶼ǧԼеķΡ
Ѿȫκλˡ
ǧվ-壬֧-˫-ȵʹǰסʦѧıˣҿ϶ᱻѧİɣʦԸһ𣬾ѧҲĸԸ
ǧϸϸĸĽӲǶϤϢ
ǧͻȻʮְġ
ǧ㡣ˣǧ΢΢ůвԾϵ˫ۣȴ˵ҾãǲǾΪֵԸ񣬲ûѵġ
ǧ㣺
Ȼֹ
һڿˮ˵ѧʱ򣬸òҲʦ˵İɣ
ǧĬˣȫԼסʦģȫκܱ֮ġ
ûУ仰Ѹȴˡ
ǧЦãȴԼЩյҧгݵôܡ
ΡΡ˵ʵûҪѧʱôֵļ䣬ող˵ҲûҪҪİ
ǧЩͷ۵ɿ֣һ״򲻶ֵ֪еķΧжѾûͷûԵĻشɢĸɸɾ
ǧϣĿЦãЩΪѵĿ˿ֵ
û£ֻЩ鲻Խ
û˵꣬ǧǿȥԾס쿴𴦣е㲻˼ֱǰ˵·һĻ
ͻȻֵһ¡
ǧɫһ٣ڿһۣȷˣûۻ
ǧЩ֣˵ֻ˳ƶΪˣϾǰ£ʦ
ǧûĻش̧ͷڿŴ⡣
ȻǾƵ꣬ǽϸڿҲĺܵλĴɫĴ¥ƵıȽϸߣ￴ȥῴҵĴ¥һ޼ʵա
ʱ̫ҪɽˣϼɫޣǺѵõĲܿɫա
ǧƽǱůȾ顣
ͬѧ¿κܾˣͬѧǶȥˣΪʲôҪһڽͻȻ˵
Ӵ򿪵Ĵͨ΢磬΢΢ķ˿ǰȥر˴
ǧϼ֮и͵Ī˼͵֮ǰͻӿ鲻ͬϸˮķ·ɽȪˮһ
ǧ򴽣ںͻȴʮ־ȵ㣬ǡ
ڵʦǧ˵
ͬѧʦΪѣλεİʾʦôѧǰҺѰ졣 ˵
ʲôǧ΢΢ͷʾԼ⡣
Ϊʦǿ϶ܺҵѧʲôģϿңһܲ˼ջǺͮͮģȻŬɫǻܿĽš
𣿡ǧ˶յģ
ϾϾϾʦ㡭ҲǺܹעģͬڶѧĹעʦ˵ĿĿİͰ͵ģǷǧԸоԼĻʦû취㣬һֱͻѧ¶¶ʦ㲻һʵ
ǧڸ׵Ļʱ಻Ծһܵ΢𽥵ļӿ
ŷͬѧʦǻǣһʦͬѧҪңҡ˿ڿˮǧ㿴Ŭֱ۾ʦ㡣
ǧĴҲʼΧ֮У侳һ㣬ѧУѹŸĵط
ǧԼ˵ʦûˡ
Ѿ㹻İʾˡ
ķΧʵ̫ˡ
ͺǧȶõĳһ㣬ͺõѧʱһ㡣
ӦõͣӦõˣһŮȥɶ˻
򴽣ͬѧ㻹Ǹѧ̫Сû㹻ڵкпֻһʱ嶯Ҳһڵľ
ǧĶ̷ɵĸоһֱصͷĺصڴʱȫɢ
ûκκڡǧ˵ţȻķΧʵġ
һ㣬ʵԼµĵߡ
Ҫһȥ
΢΢գ̾˿ǿԼڵѧȴΪĳ硣
ŷǧ㣬
ʦḺεġ


94 
ϼɫĹâӴҫ, ªĿͱ߰ĺڰ϶ûнĴ⣬ƴдĵ, и߿ʱ
ĿֱĿǰɫЩƣŮˣ˵ĿǵĶ֮𽥽ƣ˭Է޷뿪
֮йεǣûһŨ֮ʱ˫Ȼһǲͬġ
̫ã˵Ķ˶ԶԷĿйͿǣһ, ֻǵıԷԷſԷ
Լķ˿˶󣬲ȥԼգȫ¶
ĴԷ·һƬѾ޷˼Ľ, ԼȻĵͷȥ, ˷ǧ㡣
˷ǧ, ֺǷǧ, ֮䶼޷жϵ˭ֻƾıȥԷ
оڴϵ¶΢ģͷǧһֱҪ͵һ, ʱʱ̶ܹ̿ܵԷڶȥ¶ȡ
¶ڴݸԷȴĸԸ
Ȼ̽еʱܵ˺ͬ, ǧĴô䣬ٴ֮ů
Ǻ޹˼ɵľŶԷ, ŶԷҲŶԷ
һֻס˷ǧļ򣬷·һİѹ˷ǧļͷȴ˷ǧգǲǵḧţʱŶԷںܡ
ûа취˼ֻһжűܣԼ֮ƺ˾֮ʱǵͿ˼֮ɫ
ͷǧ΢΢ֿע⵽һֱɫķǧĴ귺˼ֺƽʱǲѪɫĲͬǳɫ滹ǳǳķŹâˮ⡣
ͷǧ˫ֺʮʮָۣо˷ǧĴһο˹ȥ
ĺͷԺһ
Լֻһ͵˷ǧİ֮С͵ŷǧĶԭİѵҪԭõǧ
жݵȻǧȴûиᡣ
ǧεĽ˫ֲл룬κεǧǰסȫûκεķء
˷ֿ-֮ʱǧ΢΢˫üһۡ
ǧȳҪΪƯͫ׵ӰԼӰӣĽëһβκڣûиǧͫӿʵ-κεĻᡣ
˫۾ʱļ£ͬһᶨѧԼ֮˵Ĺעһκķ񣬷·ֻҪ⣬ǰ˾Ļ˶һ㡣
û˻᲻ȥӦĸ顣
ԺɢɢĹС͵ĸȫȴ͵ĸأͷǧദķǧҲ
ȥǸˡ
ǸŷǧŲˣ䡣
𽥵ļᶨҪõ϶һ˫ۣҪǧԵıԼ뷨Ŀ϶
ȻȴͻȻ˷ǧ˫ۡ
кЦ⣬ǲ͸ľȫĿ϶
ǧᣬȴټĻ˼ĴҧһڣЩʹ˳ҧˣĻ˼άһ˲ǷǧڱԹͳͷĲרġ
ҲЦˣЩպŷǧ㡣
˷ֿ֮ʱѾͳ͵ķǧ㲻ͬǿȵܵЩ֮ʱ̲ס˼˷ǧһǳЦ
ɫһ죬Ҫ粵ʲôȻȴͻȻǧ۽ǡ
ʱŷԼΪһݵܽӴԵˮ۽ǱˣʪĴű¶ȣԾգۡ
ǧƺĽëҲһ£һ£ССȴӺ
ʵ̫˰ɣ-˱ĸоԾ£Щ˫-ȡ
ǧƺע⵽ˣЦ۽ûκ©֮صƣգ򦣬Ĳ-졣
ûзκǵ׻ǲϰܵĴģԾĲ˲ͷȥ޷ƵĴĸоȻ̫ȴСĺһ˵ľ롣
ͬʱȹȴһֹֻסˣǧ㹴ȹ°ϣںͷǧĽӴûע⵽һССϸڡ
ȹ°ھȻѾ棬Ӧñ¶ڿеİһͺڣֻҪһǧָѾܹĵߡ
գգ۾ɫ죬̧ۣϵķǧʱЦЦĿͣڰУЦĺ޷һ
ǧջ֣ЩϧԼĵɽûеóһ̾Ϣһַ֮ŻεķϣԾûһ£һ
򴽣ǧ΢΢Ŵ򴽰꣬ƺԲƵģʱ֮зŨŨĲ
֮࣬ĵײܺӵԸǧĿѾʮȷʾˣտѩ׵Ĵ̡
Ϊ˺ͽҵϣŴ󴲵ɫѡصİɫϣһϿεʱһŴòеʱúõ˯һ
û뵽ʵʵĻȻʵˡ
ͻȻЩЦȻڴʱԼƺʲôסˡ
ͷǷǧ㵽Լߣǰ-壬ԼСĴָסСָ
ǧʱ΢΢̧ͷűȥԲһЩƯĶ̷΢΢ţ¶˷ǧ㱾ͼƯ
һĿǧ㲻εɬı飬һ˲ͣ͡
ǧȻպɫ˿ûҪ˼ͷһ͡
ˡ
˵
ʦ
һΪǵ̼ѣǳеĴ-ס˷ǧĸ첲
ǧʮϵ˳վĿȻվ
ǧǰȻһ˲Ǵ-ĶǱķ˴-ϡ
-ϴ֮ɾϢƺʹζĽྻƷɶԷǧ˵κλ˵ȲʱϷ˴쳣ĵζ
ǧһֳֻڴ-ϣһֻȥ̴ʱЩٶ۵̰ǰȥȥõԼרĻϢ
Ҳͷƺ裬Ҳһֱڲһֱͼʲô
ǧ㲻Ծ£-壬̲סԼɣ᲻κο֮ģǻжȸԾҪܣûκηԣӵеֻڴ
ɬģɷǧҲ֪ԼͻӦҲɬģɼҲо޴һһġ
ǧܲԵĿհ׺ȸԾ𽥳ֵ޷ƵĿͻȻȼʲô
ϤʹͻȻӾ磬ǧɫͻȻ԰ףѣ-忪ʼ˾ҵķӦ
ǧʹ-壬ǧĵշŭ˲ʹǧҷ쳣
ǧҧסʹ䣬ǻ㡣
һҲԲܰ;ϡ


95 
ʹ-, Էǧ˵ѾϤĲϤʹˣܹƽĽܺ͵ֿ, һζϣʹϡ
һɺϣҲһѵĻᣬܹһһж˵֮ס
ڵһԸеˣǺ㯣һжűܺ͸оȥߣһµĺӣڵһɺϡ
ԻˣĽҪ, ʱ⣬һʼҽԺضǻԵĴǻ¾޴Ӱ
ϵͳǧʹкϵͳ, ϵͳ
ǧѾʹ˼άǻҵĳ̶, ɼҲǿҵ, һ˵ľ¼ҽ
֪, Լûпƺöĸ顣
ûпƺԼĲܹǿҲ
װǧã-ڴڴ½֮У״, ǧΪȡ
㲻һֱϵͳҡǧŬĶסԼʹ״̬ŬҪϵͳйͨ
װǧ, ͬԵXXΪǿɴΪмӳ, ˾޶ӳɵУϵͳΪṩߣṩᱻжΪˢΪӦĳͷϵͳжΪ״Ϊǧṩ
ǧҧסϵͳ˵⣬Ҳףζͣ
Ҳԡ
ǧɫǲ԰ס
ǧ΢΢˫ۣ֪ʲôʱͣ˶ʱڿǧпһ
ŬΣ׻Ǳ
װǧãѾٽֵ۳Ϊǧ
װǧãϵͳ״жϣǿжXXΪܻܿԵǧ֮еȴЧ㣬Ϊǧṩ·ļӾ磬жǧĸ֪-״ƽĽXXΪõκ㣬ǧǷͬ⣿
г֪
ǧ˫ۣԼϵͳ֮ͨʱ·ʱ˺ܶʱ䡣
֮ѾȾ˽ǣҲǿɰġ
Ҫֵģ뿴Ҹ֮޷Կصı飬뿴ԼŵĺƽʱȫͬŮҶصĽߣҪϸƤҪٸͬԼȵǡ
û˸֪Ϊеõκεĸоɡ
ϣܵõ
áǧЭˡ
Ȼ֮Ǿ޴ʧС
-壬СһֱûиԼκκô-壬ڶֹ
ѾܾöֹǿҵίУվĿڣǧѾܾöܹίɬͷ
ʧȥ˵õ޶Ļᣬʧȥౣ㣬ҲʧȥڴеĺĵһΡ
ľûһ̵ίļˡ
ǿҵĵȻ٣ǧԼ޷ƽʱܹʹ
ǧãӰ-½죬뾡ȶ
ǧ֪жϸ֪Ϊƽ飬ͻȻʧȥ̫࣬÷ǧһ֮С
ʹĵطʹʹͷŶޱ޼ʵĵͳ֮УͻȻһ͵ĴŰ˷ǧĶС
ǧе˼Ȼޱ޼ʵĺڰб
ǧ˫ۣ۵ȫδɢȥ㯡
װǧ㣬ϵͳ⵽ԵͻȻֹͣXXΪǧٴȷǷʼжϸ֪ӱ㣿
ǧûеһʱشʱĿŽߵֹĸоӡ
ķǧһֱڿܶƽʱῴĶ۾Ѿƣ˰ɣһףƣͷŶ οһ˷ǧƤϡ
õԵϵİο֮ǣƽȣ+1ƣͶȣ-1ʣ-1
һֱں˵֣ƽʱķǧ϶˵ô໰Ҳ϶ƣ˰ɣһףƣͷŶһ˷ǧĴϡ
õԵϵİο֮ǣƽȣ+1ƣͶȣ-1ʣ-1
һֱ֧ſ϶۰ɣˣһףƣͷŶһĲߣҪļ׵֮һ㡣
õԵϵİο֮ǣƽȣ+1ƣͶȣ-1ʣ-1
ϵڶ֣߳Щ߶߶ģȴļᣬϸϸܵ£Źκһ
ûκвУֻǰţţ䴿࣬Ҳᡣ
ǧ㲻֪ΪʲôûмѾþȫȥԼʹࡣ
˯һɡûаķǧ·ȫãǳȥԼ-˾ܵ໥ӴţǴģ޷ڸǾ֮ɪ֮⡣
ǧ۾-İο֮ƽ
ϵͳ˵ܹļ
ֻҪߣ-ͻ᲻ϵı
һʱ̫̫࣬Ѿߵ塣
ڽ죬ϵͳһһεʾԼİο֮ȥĲ֢÷ǧһ㡣
ǧƽ
Щʧġ
ûм
Уȴʼնûٴ-
ǧͻȻˣеǶģ֮ʱʼնǹִļҪĵߡ
Ӳǲá
ҲҪ-ģҵģûκι˼ɵĶԴͱԴҪǿƵӣҲҪ޷ֿģϣ֮ײǼҵģżһײģʲôҪš
ϵͳһҪκ񣬲㡣һĵݷǧ˯ĺڰ֮ǰĬĬĿڡ
ĵѧϰȴһջ
ϵͳûлش𣬷ǧҲ֪ϵͳشκλ
ǧ㳹׵ı˫ۣȥߵ
ƽе
ǧΪڷǳʹľ֮ξǻǳʹġ
ܻμޱ޼ʵĺڰҲܻμ¶ʱڣпܻμԼ̨ϵʱ
ǲûС
ǧһҵΣǽģ˺-۵һУҲȲţûκ谭˼ҵǣľ
¶ڲϵȵĵزξ˵ı䡣
ǧ˫۵ʱѾˣ-һͻȻϮĿ--У׹ֻǸΡ
-廹ɡ
ǧڵס̫ҪȻͻȻԼһжûĽӴ
ˣƺʲôϸĶţʱǧͻȻ֪ķӦԼǺһ˯ġ
ǧʶĻͷȻȴסˡ
Ż˯С
ɫ-죬ʶ߽һεεģ·ҲһΡ
ͬûκεڣ¶˵ķ΢ԾĲ£΢ĽӴʲôš
ǧ㱻ǰһĻԵһȣȻӦʱŷԼִĲ֮أȻЩϸ--⡣
ǧ㣺


96 
װǧ, ϵϲáɣ㣨+50
װǧ, Ƶ顯ʱֹۼ㣨+270
װǧãϵͳ״жϣǧ-޷ͬԵ飬Ϊ˸õĳɾǧԵԵϵͳ
װǧãϵͳѾɹԵϵͳΪ񡣡
ϵͳڶ߶߶ڷǧеעⶼѾߵĿ޷ƿ
ϲ¹Ҫڶʱ֮Ĺ, ˵ǰ
ǧ˿Ҫ뿪Ȼ̵ļ¶ȵȴôղ
ŬȥϵͳĻǧҪԼתע
һõİô᲻ԷأΪ˶ԷһеŬɣ񷢲֣ǧȶ, ԵһμµĿְɣ, ɣ㣨+50, ʧܣ㣨-50
ǧһ㶣
һܳܳΡ
ξ, ŷǳɫ
һǳԵǣ֪˾Ƿǧ㡣
ǧ㣬Ǹʹ
һ˫޴ĳ, ţ¶Ⱥܸߣ˼ʵ, ůëŨŨůĸоĸ顣
ΪʹԵʰ, ʹӵʱ򣬻ս-
ȫ޷⵽ǿҵĸйٵǴʲôطģֻ֪ŬĽԼʹϣСıԼ⡣
ѾȫһݻȴܵξС
۾ʱѾɫ
㯵գգ۾˶-壬Ȼ-ܹµĿ֮µŨŨɢϣȫ붯
̾˿Ծıպ˫-ȣǲֵĸоδȥ
ξҲ̫ʵ˰ɡ
𽥻ǰϤ컨ӳ㯵գգ۾
еʶͻȻع飬Ȼһһ𾪡
졭
ǲǲ㡣
ͷǧˣ

Żôֵ
˶ˡ
ϺáͻȻǧԱߴȻͷѾֻһڹķǧ㡣
Ϻá궯ڿǧ˲䵽˶壬ڵķǧȴƽˣƽĺʲôһ㣬ҲЩȴ
ȥϴһ°ɣѾֱ͵ǧ˵
áھܾ֮ûЩΣʱԼʲôûдЩεȥһԵ·ҵԼ
뵽ʱͻȻʵΪʲô󣿡
Ѿƽľ˲䱬ըճѪǰһƬģ
ҡҡûҵԼӦô˵
ǧ㰲ĿǼƽͺȾϼɫǴˡ
˵Ͳ˵˰ɡǧȻҲǺĵͷ
ǧںģΪʧ𽥵Ⱦͷ
ʵ̫ᣬӦôˣͷһһ㽫Լĵ뷨˵ûⷽ湦Σ֪Ӧô죬û㣬ǲʧ
˵Ů֮£ŮŮ֮¶ȫİģлЩӣҲŷǧ-岻ҳԡ
ʵҲһЩôûԽ˵ԽСǡһ֣Ҳȥĸо
ǧ·ʲôȵ۾΢΢
ǧ㴹˫ۣڿֺûУҡҡͷ˵ᣬҺܸˡ
㿴ҲǸ˵Ӱ΢΢ͷСıԹκ̫-ˣǧ㼸ǽСԹһֲȫ˽ȥ
Һܸˡģ̌ͷתҪȡ-ңŬҪңҵ棬ֻң㴥--ң-ңӦе뷨ȥҴᱻⴥĵطһжҾøˡ
ǧֱ׵Ļ˵һѪ죬̽ź˼÷ǧ㲻Ҫټȥ⣬ô˽ܵΪʲôǧô޹˼ɵľ˵˳
ô˼ԼҪȥˣ
֪ˣҪ˵ˣҪ˵ˡǰס˷ǧ졣
ȻڴʱͷǧĿԣǧԱյ¶ȺʹԸߵ¶໥ӳģĸойĴС
ǧ΢΢գ۾˫ƯƷ˫۵һ˿Ц⣬֮ʱͻȻıĳ---ĶĴһ£ĵĸоͷ·һ㣬Ѹٵ֡
ǧɫ糣ͺոǰƤ鲢һ
ȫ׷ǧ㵽ʲô
Ϊʲô£
ȴһƽ
ѵڼ˾ֻһ𣿣
ô˵Ķˣңȥ䣬ҡϴ衭
Ȼڽ䣬һĥɰ֮Դһ¡
ǧĬĬĿĥɰϵĵӰڴ˫ۣ΢³һԼһֱǿסļľͲļ顣
޴Ӻܿɰ
æȥ·ģҲܿɰ
·ңĴ¶һЩûڵĵطģҲܿɰ
ԼգҲǳɰ
һжܹǧޱ޼ʵĻ룬е뷨ֻܱǿѹĵףҪԼǺ侲
ǰͻȻҳɹԵĻᣬ׻
˵ʱоȥǧĺϵͳ˵ǵòϵͳĻشҲ˵
˺֮䣬Ӧ
һУȵĵز
ֱԴھ飬ǲռżҪĵλ
װǧã񡮴֡Ѿɣ㣨
ǧʶĵͷԼָԾס
˿ͬ˿һůĴз·УԼǳϲĴУϲκ鶼Ҫϲ
ǡ
һβ㡣
ǧԵģ-Ҫ-˼ǧɹԵԼͰ⣬ϲɺأ㣨+10
ϲǧɹԵ㣨+5
ϲǧɹԵֺ˼֮У㣨+10
һδϵͳʾ÷ǧ΢΢üΪϵͳԭ𣿼ӵôࣿ
ϴ˸裬ˣȻϴĳطʱȻ˫ۡ
áö࡭öɶ
ֻ֪˯ɶ
ûŮҲᰡ
ѵΪǸΣ
⡭⡭
Ҳ̫ʵ˰ɣ
Լ˯ʱû¶ʲô¶ı飬÷ǧ㿴ɣ
ǧƽıӦûаɣ
Ļš
һ־ӡ
ϴ֮ʱԼƽʱҪ--УͻȻ˫-һȥ
һ˲䣬Լˡ
ֻζѡ
ӣ˰


97 
ҽԺ֮, ǧȫ죬һãȻվڲԶ, ΪʲôԤõ԰ΣȴҽԺ塣
С۽ǵһֱעڽƬ˵ԤҪ顣
һ㶣Щ飺ǲǵ˺ܶ£
ǣҲǣĶҪ飬ɵȷڷǧ֮˺ܶ౾Ĺġ
㲻Σһй滮ȻܴӦҪ֤ȷʱġСϣͷǧ֮Ĺϵ, ҲϣԼ̫࣬Īֻ֮˵һĻ
ƺȥˣϻЩġ
˵ǲʲôǷܲˣ
ͻȻס
˵֮üǸˡ
ȻЩңɫһ, Īһ, һԵ, ʶĲ£˫, ǳ
Ҳ÷ܵ𣿡СС˵
ֱɡüȥЩ
СͷҲͬĸо, ǵʲôԭ򣬷ǧ㲻˵˭Ҳ֪
, Сȥȴǧܾˡ
šǧ΢΢ƫͷ, ̷ס࣬Ƕǧı顣
ţǧſϣЩƣ
ȷ㷢𣿡ǧ˽ҽʵмı浥üͷʵ
ǡôǷ
Ŀǰûзļ󣬸ֵһμ黹Ҫˡҽһ߼еݣһߴӵϺһεļ˶ԱȣΪǷܣֵĻָʽҪҪ⣬оһµôܹսʤħˡ
ǧ㲢û˵ڵ鲻̫á
ҽһεգʲôͻȻģ
һᵽ·ǧıˣ鲻õҪԭΪ¡
֮

ϣʱ򡣡ǧ˵
ҽһ㶣ʲô
ϡǧ˵
֪ˡҽ̴˷ǧĻ
ǧҽԼĲκǶԼ״Ĳ
ҲǺ˵岻ָܽǿȴ̼ԴΪһֱĺܺãôһأҽȻѹҲ޷еĽ
鲻Խǧ˵˿ûκ졣
鲻ԽҲǲеġҽ̲ס˵
ʲôʱԣǧĿڡ
ҽ˲˶ȴķ񶨣ԼҲκʱҪƽ̬˵ʵʱԺ˵״̬ںת˵ҵǸˡ
ǧ㿴ȥûʧ䣬ҽĸܵǧ״̬
½һ°ɣҪһЩ飬岻ǿЦġҽЩĲ̣ҪԹ⡣
зִ硣Ȼǧ㲢ģɴֱ⣬ҽ㣬һ¡
ҽһ㶣ʲô£
Ҫһҽʦǧ˵
ҽЩ⣬ǧҪҽʦʲô𣿡
Ҫ˽һЩ顣
ҽ۲ŷǧ㣬˵֪ˣԵһ¡
ҽϵҽԺڵľƣǧҽԺĹɶҽԺڷǧʽתģҽȻȷڷǧ㡣
ҽʦڷǧǰʱ򣬻̲סЩŵġ
Ȼ֪ǧģǧ㿹ħֱҽԺڴ棬˿־ĶؼȴƫƫƽʱûнӴǧ㡣
ڽʱע⵽˷ǧڹ۲ϣļʱпһѵ˵ԼʲôҪ𣿿ǸнҽԺڹļ˲ţӦûʧôһǮŶ԰
ܣáҽʦԼƽͣڲǰԼôС
ǧϣ
ע⵽˷ǧƺƬҪƯܶ࣬һֱӡеĹˣƺݣ״̬Ҳܺã̷ͣͣ¶ļ粿Ƿ񣬿ȥһŮԣĴλߵƿ͹ԡ
ҽʦ̲ס˿ڿˮ
Ưǧ˵
ܣҵûκοŵĳɷ֣κһȥѯҽʦɫ
ǧգ۾ܻ˵ľҽʦ֪ǧڹ۲
һЭ飬ǩ֡ǧ˵
ҽʦʱŷϷһЭ飬һȻǱЭ飬ҽʦһѹ֮ǧҽʦ뿪ˣǽĶԻ⴫
ʲô£ҵ˽ˣҽʦǩЭ顣
ǩְӡ֮󣬾ҽʦ̧ǧҲͬ˼
ҽʦĵȴţڷǧ㿪ͷ
Զ˸˽٣ǧʵ
ҽʦһ㶣ȻҲⷽģ˽һʱ䣬ʷʲôⷽ𣿡
ǰȴɸ߰ŮԴʱͷָûεķ֣б·͵˼֮С
һλ˸Ļߡǧ˵
һҽʦ̽Եʵôȷߵ֢״أ
ûеõش˵ôǷȷݸı䣬ϵĲͬ˸񣬱˴˶أ
ǧͷ
ôƽʱгĳЩϤļܵ鷢𣿡
ǧٴεͷ
ûбֳľ֢״أ˵ǡӵȣ
ǧͣˣҡͷ
ҽʦ΢΢ü㲢ȷϢʵǲܶ϶ǲǼ˵ܣǲĶ˸ҪϸѯжϣҿԼ𣿡
Сǧ˵
ҽʦסҪͨ˳ȥˣҪĹǷǧ㣬ĵﲻˡ
ôܣҪõʲôİأ˲ҿ²ܸκΰǲܸҩҽʦĽ͵
˸񡣡ǧڿ˵һ˸Ӵ˸˽߰Ը̱̰޶ȣһ涼һ˵Ը۰ԼãҪϵһΣǿ
ҽͷʼ¼
һ˸ЩȽᣬ̫˼ϸģȴ֪ԼϸģЩçײǺܿɰһʱ᲻Ծã佱ˣÿһ仰ھܵĳޣᣬ͡
¼΢΢һ٣ҽ۲˼֮еķǧ㣬ݣѾһͨеˡ
ѵǷܵ
͵һ˸ͬ䣬ͬԸͬϰԲͬ˼άͬҶҲûйע
ǧ˵˵Ŵ˵ȫͬˣͬһ
ҽ룬Щӣܴ˸񣬶ǰķܶԵڶ˸зǳǿҵĺøУֲԤС
ܵ˼ǣ
ǧ뿿ϣ˫´Ľë£һƬŨܵӰֻڵһֱռģǵڶ˸񣬶Ҫһ˸Զʧ
ڹȥ


98 
ҽʦ˷ǧҪ֮Ĭ˼, ûٶԽĶԻм¼
ǰΪŮԣԼȽҲΪŮǿ˵һ, ڿȷǼϷǧĹϡ
ܣᵽǸ˵ǲǶ˸Ҫж෽жϵģûص֪ʶһжֻǲ²ѣðȻȥƿ²гЧ߻ػ߲顣
ҽʦͣһ£ǧ㲢û¶ŭı飬˵
ʵ޷綨˵ĵһ˸͵ڶ˸񵽵һ˸Լµ˸Ƿʺ˸, γɶ˸ܶʱʵԴĴˣԼƣ룬ȷֱ⡣
϶Զ˸ûһǳõƷڻڷչ, ǿƻߵľ, ʵ˽⡭Ϊֹûж˸Ĳ, Ҳ, ѯרҵʿ
Ҫһϣ⣬ûκһҽԲӴ߾ƹġ
žҽʦĽ˵ǧֻš
ֱԷֹͣ˽˵, ǧŸ˶ԷӦ
ǵ̸бܵΡǧ˵
Ȼ, ˵˽ǵְ𡣡
ǧžҽʦ뿪ĽŲ¿α, ë£˼š
ϵͳ𣿡ǧͬϵͳ˵
װǧãѾյķѯϵͳش𣺰սʤһУõİסİˣǧͬԵϲԵϵͳӦΡ
ǧϵͳںۣȻϵͳ˵ŬһȴֱӺҪǸԭʧ󣬿ɼϵͳǲⷽ
ǧϵͳ̵꣬һҳһҳķں֮ǰѾϵͳ̵ģĶֻϣҵʹմﵽĿĵķ
װǧãʵռǸеĥϼֵռ˸ļ϶⵽ǧռߣǧ㾡ƣϵͳǧгͷ
ǧڿϵͳ̵һ١
ռ
ǧԼԼڽܶĸ֮𽥸ı仯
ԼҪŬܵҲҪǸܵĽϵʱ򣬿ԼҲǷʵĸı䡣
һںʱ˽߾ȫҲҪĶ
ϲһһεĸѵһĿţѴʱ;ȥ˷⼸ܿԽĺ蹵
ϵͳΪϵͳ߽ΪʹãлҪǧԵ˫ϣ˫򱼸Եɣ
ǧϣûκα飬·һ̲ˮ
ǲǧѾ뵽ҺܾˣҽͺȥŮҽڶѾˣΪʲôǧ㻹һûж
վȥѭԼĽչֵ쾫¡
ҽȥСҲûеȵǧȥ۲һ
һ㶣СҪţͻȻȥסС½ǣڶԷɻͷ˵ҽȥвУ
õСͬ⣬ſȴǳȥǲʲôԭµӦ֪ʲô鶼ҪͨС
ţȻȴû˻Ӧ
ɴֱŰ֣һԵСֹȴסˣֻĿȥ
ǧϣ˫ۣƺ˼ɫȥǻá
ܣô𣿡ǧʶˣֻСѯʡ
ǧĻ΢΢̧ƯͫеӰӰӣԲεĿһ㽫סıŤ֮࣬Щ
ǧ˵
ɻǰһ
˿ǧ㣬ûӦǰһ
ֱͷǧ㼸ѾҪ˫˫ȣͣ
ǧʱ̧ͷԼ
ļӿ졣
Ǵһλᡣ
ŷǧĻһʱûӦʲô᣿Ĵλ᣿˰죬˵Ŀ󣬵ԼЦɫǵͨһ仰Ҳ˵
Ȼǧȴûмվ
ʵ̫ˣǧվͼֱϣǧ˫ۣ˻Ҫϸ˫ȴεĽ뻳Уȫѹϡ
ǧҪߣӵʱ΢΢̧ͷܲԷѹڼͷϢ
оǧָסͷӵܴ󣬼ֱһˣҪԷ塣
еɻ
˵ʲô
ȴһδ
뿪𣿡ǧƣ翣·ӺԶĵط߾ȫĴһ㡣
һʺţѵ˵Ů˶Լû֣ǲ÷ǧˣ
뿪ǧ㣿ñ뿪ǧ㣬Ƿǧ뿪ʵһɣͷǧ塭
뵽Щʧ䣬˫§ס˷ǧϸ֫
ᡣԭǧ㡣
صʱͷǧ극֮ԼϷңȴԷסˡ
⼸ʱҪȥңҽ¸װһ¡ֱӰᵽҷԱ߰ɡǧ˵
סˡ
¹·Ҳû㴩ˣȫӵɣ»µġǧ˵
ҪɣЩ·úõġҿͺܹӣûҵһƣӶ֪¹·˽˶ƣһ֣Ͳûñ乩
·ģ·ȫӵСǧޱ˵
Ҿ÷䣬Ҳ
ǧľܾܿĵط
һ£ûپܾ
˵Щ·ȷٴģǶЩƶػµ·кģǵ·վھǰʱ򣬿ĺһһ
ԼΪլڼԭ̬̫ãЩȹһװˣȫгƽڷ·𿴵ԭʱҲЩԱԼûԭǰ;ޡ
ҲͬЩԱԼıȲǧˡ
סʲôķӣѾȫνˡ
ô뿪һڵСӣԶҲزȥˡ
ŷǧԼصңվڿģ̾˿
ˡ
£ɲ˵ʲôʲôأ˵ϷĴĵط
ҹɵϣȥĶϺͽ飬ʵ޷Ժǻ̲סֻȥ㿪㲻ϢʾС㡣
ͻȻһϢ֮һϢ
㣬ѧУҪٰ＾˶ˣҲμ̶ӣҪ
һƲ죬ѧˣһ˶ѵҪҳȥμ
ոչصҳ棬ͻȻ˻
˶᣿
ͷ̷һѧУʵҲôģϾͬһѧſʼײǷ̷֡
Ҳ̷ʵǴһʼѾ֪Բڶ̶ʱ֮ھͽŪƿģ
Լǰ˷̷ĸףˣ֮ǧֺһ棬Ȼ֪˵ʲô
۾ֻϢ
˶ᡭȫУᡣ
ܲĸо


99 
˸, žѾʼֺȦԼ̾һ, Լҹè̫ˣֻ˼µôæµء
㴲ǰۻģȴҲûõȥ
һ׼򵥵˶װϣھǰ΢ƿԼ°ڣ۾ԼСϵ⣬һ
ʹ˱֡
¥ͣǧѾˣ֮Ѿϡ
Щ˼ץץͷԼǷϵÿ˯ϢеΣʵ, żҲǻģҲÿζ͡
Ҫţǧʵ
ǣҪȥش
ǧ۾΢΢ܾñŻ, ӲͷƤ˷ǧĶ档
Ҫȥʲôطǧʡ
ȥѧУ
ʲô
ѧУпʽ˶, һȥ
Ϊʲôȥ
ǰȥ, Ҳȥɡ
ǰǧβ, ϬҪ͸һ
͡ǰ£Ҳȷǰǲ, ϻϢ͸¶˺ܶദֻҪѧУл, ԭһĻϯԾǰ, ѯ᲻
ǧ۾ֱģ⻳ɵӦʲôȥǣ
ǧһμ׷ʡ
Ҳ֪˶ʲôʱɣ˵죬ȥһˣٴȥԸʲôģͲˡʵʵİԼг˵˳
˸˾ǧ˵
ûϵԼȥУרŻ鷳ˡֲܾ̾Ƿǧ㣬彡ֻҪֻе¡
ǧһԲѾɫ壬Ĭѵ˵ʵǧǲȥģ
˼Ҫȥ˶ῴʵҲ뿴ڵͷ̷ûнĳʲôҲþԲߣȻĿǰһаȴ̫ģʲô鶼ҪԷһ
ȻûпԭߵģǴԿβԣ˾͸ɴãɵ³ôĲҾôɲ̤һûͷûβĽ֡
ҪĿάַǧƽ˵̬ܲ漣أ鶼ˣ漣Ҳְɣ
ԣȥ÷ǧ㿪º
ǡ
ǲȻҲȥˣ˼ȥΪǧҪ
ȥɡȻǧȴͬˣ̬ŵļͣƺѾȤ
Ѿȫ±ˡ
⣬ʣ
ǰǧһˣǰ˵С
ô磿Сܼôš
˵ԼҪȥ˶ᣬԼеԶǰţԷֻǵͷȴСԼһЩ޹ؽҪѾ֮뵽ϤĵһҪ֪ǰСɻǳԳġ
С뵽ҵı֮ʱɫķǧ㣬һǧһóƽھȻ鲻õֱ¶ĵزˣ
С˸Ӵʲôˣʲô˵¼ȫ¼ǧָûһεķ֣Ҫ޾ϸ
С΢ȣֻ鸴ӵӦˡ
ֻ򳵵ʱİ˾ͻȻǰոոµĿžкúñģȥ͸оͨĳܲһʶȣܾȡ
̧ۿ˺ü˾˾ֻȷһֻţϵϰȫ֮ûж˵ʲôһֱͼתע۲˺ü˾
˾ȥͦģȻ·ȥͨµܹרҵѵķԱһοһԼĴüͷԼĵȷרѡ˵ġ
ںϣȴķǳȵ˾ؽͨ򣬲ҾܵĺΧĳһľ롣
аȫС
ĳܺá˾ļʻҲԼĿ佱˺аȫС
˾ûпһۣȴܹĻصлĿ佱
סԷڹᵽ壬Ծ˿ڿˮȴԼΪźɡ
ˣֱߵˮṩġ˾ע⵽
һڵԼ˾Ѿôרҵ
ллûӵĿȪˮһڣֵʵǺ棬͵͵ɨһ£ȻڿȪˮļ۸֮ǰһڣһԲ
ˮ
һƿҪİ١
ʲôܴ
㲻ҿˮƿ·ʲôֵɽԼһ³˾Ҫˮѡ
Ͽܻе³һֱͣͣòֿѹγ󣬿ˣҿԻһͨ·𣿵Ȼǻᰴԭ۸շѵġ˾ʵ
ãŶ̻ش
Ŀ˾˸߼ܣ𾪣ѵ˵ڱԼԼԼ𾪵㶼ǽˡ
ˣܵʣǰһЩѹƶѣʳ
ޱǰĴ
ȵ˵ط³ȴ˾һ³ˣͣѵ˵ûطʲô
Ȼ˾ȴֻƳһȦҰš

˾Ȼޱ飬ȴһʮƵЦݣǺŶ
óֻǺ
ллݹˡ
˾˵ʱŸҴĴһ
̫ˡ
ôҵ˾ôⰡ̫ˣ
ϢȻæֻǸһλҷ˼Ϣ
㣬ڣΪҪ׼ȥʱ·Ӧöοͽ·ֻ꣬Ҫ˳Žˡ
ҲطĻԱߵѧкܶοͽѧԱ㿴Щľǡ
ļѧУ˶᲻ӦѧУڲٰĻôô
ǰ˼ѧͽι۵ͨ˵Ĳ໹Ǻܴģÿһѧഺеĳż꣬ȻȥòͨһֱЦ䷳Ų֪··˵ѧԱͻȻЩ㱡
ĴѧǱȹȥģͻȻ룬Ȼ벻ԼĴѧʲôֵüĹȥ
ͷ̷ûıҲ࣬ǾԲʹײɣ
λ㣬ѾվſѧԱܾˣǲʲôҪæģͻȻһԺʹĻ䡣
ʶĻͷȻڿǰ֮ʱԺͻȻޡ֡
˸ͦߣӽһװˣϸµĶ̷ɢţϸ۾پµĴĪ磬һ˫Ư۾էһȥڵҹ߼ʣȴûйҲͬ׳˶֮УʱԷ΢΢ͷг⣬Ǽкøеò
һһ֣ԭϻǧòĸо
Ȼͷһȴˣǧֻ岻ãȵԺ󣬿϶ѹκһˣھ޵˧磿Ů


100 
λ, ͬѧǰĪѧ͵͵ȥԷĺҪ϶ԷԱ, ɫ˵תƶԷעҲû·ֻ㿴
Ȼǰѧ¶˼Ц⣺һˣ㿴ԱߵЩССӵĵ·Ϳֱȥ˶᳡ˣҪæľͿˡ
ڶԷĳϱŵĺ꣬ͷ鷳ˣлл
ȥˡλͬѧ¶һЦݣˬʵķΧȴƫƫ˸оɰգգ۾, ĪʹӶԷ뵽˷ǧϣѵϳúÿ˶
õġͷ
ˣ㡣û뿪֮ǰԷס¶˼ֺƵЦ, ǸŮŶ
ɫһ, ȻԼ͵͵²ԷԱС˼͸ˡ
ԷȴЦĹһԼĶ̷ʵǰҲǳ, ֻ֮ǰѴԼɶ̷, ʦܻƷͣȷеģԱˣ
ɫ, ԷĺܻỺͷΧ̨£Ǹúӡ
ŶԷ뿪ȥվԭ㯵̸Ůѧ, ͻȻҲѧõġ
ŮӣҲУİ, ЦĺÿòҲǵˡ
ֻǡ
ûзǧЦĺÿ
неļηǧ΢ЦģûһηǧЦΪֺ¶ģͻȻûԼҷǧЦÿ
ڹϯ˸λ£ʱ˷·Ҳһ࣬һһŮɫñӺͿ֣ͬͷֻ
˿ȥ̫ϲ˽ӴĴаλľ룬λúܿԱҪܶ˼һλú̫ࡣ

ͷϢһֱûлظ²᲻æµ
˶̶ӿʼʱʶľȥѰӰӣȻ
ܵĽÿһѧһ飬Ҷžѵķװ׻ӣʵǲΪַȺһۿ͡
ѧ˶ĿĻʽѧָ뷨ҲǿĽζȻĿȴͻȻע⵽ڽһˡ
Ǹ˾޵Ůѧںѧ˽̸ʼŵЦݣźܺƵģһֱάڵļɣȻǵĶԻԶ׼ǸŮѧ쵼
ŶԷʱŮѧѲһȦڣ֪Ϊθոպú˫ۡ
ûüջصĿͻȻͱ׽ˣʱɫһΡ
Ůѧ΢΢˫ۣȻ¶һǳĴЦݣŵĿͣ㡪
ûֱֻ֡
ͻȻȺбһ󻶺һ㶣ʶ̶ӿȥȻˡ
ᱡķ¹װ¶˰ϸµ֫գ۲ת֮伫䶯վѧ̨ϣ趯һ赸
˺ܶ˾̾ĶСұĳҲΪױݶֳׯȫ𣬷˶˼ѡ
ţͻȻõԭŮܵƫġ
ֻǡ
ое䰡
յ̫Ȼޣȴٶ٣¶ĸͻȻ᲻
ŵʱͻȻ˸ոպûظԼкŮͬѧʶƫͷһۡ
ŮͬѧҲͬŷ֣ڵͷŴʱ΢΢üĴܿŮͬѧĲ۾֮µ˫۱¶˳˾Ŀ䣬һֱϵЦݶʧˡ
˵ĹŮͬѧͻȻתһѧͨ뿪ˣŹ̶Ψ̨ϱȥĪľЩ̫
ĻʽյһϢ
㣬㿴
ˡ
ǣ˵ڣ
ڣʶųڿȥһȦ
·ûǴһ׸߸ߵľ˫ֲͣĻţͽСȺиͷԵòۣΪעϵԾţΪ̶ֵ
̲סЦ
߸ߵľ֡
Ȼһ͹ȥ
ʱЦ񱼶һ˲ݵӣ̿ǰ͸һӵ㣬Һ㣡
Щ飬ԼԭÿϵĴͳ¶һϢɲԭ
Էϵףתƻ⣺·𣿡
ҵİ𣿡˵
ѧһʱˣû𣿡ʵ
㣬ҲŲѣĹĵĺ
ŮѣҲûѿڶ
ѧУѧϰģô͹̸յı飬Ȼʮ۲ı𽥵ЩΣ㣿
û𣿡ʮ֣µ˵ҲûϵҲˣͽ˵˵ҲԸѰѹء
ûУûУ
۾ȷԷû˵ѣڰġ
ʣʡ˰ɣ˵ֱⶫǲš
ú𣿡ʵ
 ͷ
Ȼ̵úã
һ仰˲Ĭ裿ʲôһ㶼ᣬỹô̱˰Ц˺ðɣ
˶һЩĿһԵһûһĺ졣
ûμĿ𣿡ʵ
Ҳеġҡҡͷ
ŶҲû˵ɶԼѧҲûμӹκαĿ
ǸѧÿͻȻԶŵ˵ĶУĿ˳ָŵķȥͻȻע⵽ڳڵһӰ
ǵӰ޳񻣬̷鷢һ¶˹ÿΧ˶޵ĽĿϡ
ǸŮͬѧ
һ˶¶˱۰޳˫ȣȥ֮ȷŮеǺͬȫУװҪ˶˶Ա
ȷǺעĿ
ѧ϶ڴѧзǳḻʵɡ
ԱߵŮͬѧڵģ
ǸǴһҼǵͻȻһԵ˵һʼǳģر𳤵֣£ôͻȻͼˣ
һ㶣ʶʵżͷ𣿡
ҲǺ֮ǰǳģǱ黨ţ˳ֺÿɼֺãǴö˶͵͵ءգգ۾˵˵ҾҲܺá
Щ⣺ܸȤ
˵ĶˣҾˣһѧͺͺö˶˹ϵҹͬ඼ĺˣоҲһġֱۿļͷҾȲϽͶˡ
ɻû֮ܺӱ²Ҳֻںġ
ȵȣ֮ӣѧᣬòѣܹעֱڵbuffһ֮ʡ
˲õԤУǸ֪Ǹ˽ʲô𣿡
ʱŮѧժ˫ϸ۾һ˰æţֽţͻȻķ˫۾û۾֮͸ηķâ
ǽз̷ɣԻһ֡
˼ά˲䱬ը
ǧڹȻͻȻϵͳ
װǧãԵѾעһλʵĶʱΪʮʮһ룬ǧ߾裬Եġ


101 
װǧֱǰУ԰ѡ, ôܷԵĿأȥͼƻĵȨɣ񷢲Ȩʮ˱ذиƻڵĳ˵ҵŮˡɣ㣨+50ʧܣ㣨-100
ǲҺˡǧֻô۵, ⻰ˣҪ
ϵͳڶ߶߶ǧüͷݺȻľϵͳܷˣԼѡ
ϵͳѡһǰһǰͬķ֧ѡԻòͬ
ǧ㿴ֻϸٱ´һһεƵΪϵͳʾͱͷεĶͷ, ǧҲ֪һ򶼺ܳ侲Լôѡô嶯Ҫֱȥߡ
ǧ㼴ǲҲܸܵʱС˾żͶȺԻĿ⡣
֪Ȼֱ֪̫ˣǸû̸ëͷС, 紵ݶһһէ
ǧصֻ, , ԼڲϵĵӰд޿
Ǹ, ܣܷʲô£һҪ֤ƽ͡һԵСڰĳȰ, 徭ڡ
ǧû˵Ѿε˵ԼһȵΪ̬
, ȻĸԵȷе֣ǲҪ˶ܵӰ졣һԵСʮ־ְ˵
֪ǧɰͰ͵Ӧ
Ϊɿ, ΪһֱӰ쵽ܣôһ顣Сı࣬·ѹȴʵʮƶȥ˼״
ǧ΢΢񣬶СĻ˼Ȥʲô
ܣĽȥƿĶȴûΪ˵ΪԶȷԣڿɿأᷢСɫʮ棬ֱֱĿ˷ǧ㣬Ϊһ취С
СĻǰ˾ʶĿһۺӾ۵һƬڳ֮ɫ
ǧ򵥵Ӧһ
ܡСһκν鶼вοԣһȴһ󵨵뷨ҽƻһƬСȥԵʱ֮ڲ⡣
˾ɫ˼ֹ졣
ȻⲢõġСʮϸܵļƻڵƺźͽϷȤһ̽յı;޴Ϸ㹻ҪֻҪ䱸ʦܹʱϲʳڸ֮ϷȤʵԵר֮ͬ¼żĳΪԼɵģڷĲ鳹ȶ֮ǰΪһܺõİ취
ǧ΢΢۾
Ҷг̽˷ŵĴ٣ŵĿҪһ㶼ϷأôֻҪҪƷȫ͵ϼɣֱҲʱȫֱκλ֣Ҫȡ
ʣµľֻ飬ϵҲ𽥼٣Ҫʱʵ㹻˿ؾ͹ˣܡСһ˵еķ֮ܽᣬֻǻһǮƾͿ鰲ȻǣǵĶĴʵ̫Сˡ
ǧĬˡ
ܾ֮ǧ㻺ڣΪʲôô˽⣿
Сһ㶡
ǧСĳƪۣĪЩĹעЩͷˡ
ܣĶһֱҵĹСش
ˣɷǧ㻹Ǿò̫
ǣȷ
Сһ顣
ȫûп뷨ɡͻȻһܳĬ˾ͻȻڣټıԼĿ
Сüͷһ塣
ܱĶԴǹҲøж¡С̷һֱĬ˾ȻΪ˵еȡ
ֲĹ˾̹ȻĻش˿ûηС˼
֪ܵͼıܵĲƲѡʱѾ󲻷ˡСҧ˵
ǰɡ˾ųĿбӣ֮ȴ͸˼⣬ǻģ㲻Ҳ𣿲Ȼôķ𣿿ҷֲᰮһ
ǧ㣺
ǧޱ飬һԳܵĳǵһΣȴΪ˵һ
ǧֹ֪ڵǰһûʲôá
СȷǻǻһǶ˵ֲ˵ȫûĸܡ
ֻһֻĵ
ǧ۵һĨڴ
棬棬⵽ǧ˼άƫ໥໥ȴ˴ӲԵĻ׼ǧԵƫ죬ԵʵݱƫᵼԵѼǧ㲻ܳͷȷԴ׷޹¡
ǧɫһڣռÿ˿ӵеȨ
ǧ㲻Ȱ棬ֵߣϵͳǧȡǿ侲ʩ׹ߡҪԵױٸ߸߲ȫ˼άʵᡣ
ǧ˲סˣɫҰֽ˷ǿҵ⼸Ҫ͸ĹͷͲʹȫһı䳹ǵĸо÷ǧҧס˴
ҽֻ飬ǷҪܵ뷨ڵΪ޷ƣҲǡСͻȻõҪȥѧУϢǧ㲻õɫ̾׼ҩжƵ鷢δ֪һԷܵ彡Ϊȡ
õİ취ֱӿ˾ҲǿӲ
졣оԼ͸ķǧ̲ס˿ڣȻдŲײΪĲǧҧгԼƽ˶һŻڣңᣡã
ڵͻȻĬ
᲻ã
˸˷ǧܾãȴǵһǧԼ֮᲻ʲô
УǧϣȴԤлҪ𺳡
Ѿо΢ȥķǧ˿Ȼȴע⵽ԵεķΧ뵽Լ˵Ļ
ǧĬĬĲͷȥо壬Ҳ쬵ġ
װǧãϵͳԵϵͳȫ뷨ǧǿҪŰ·ߣԵϵͳǧԸ
ǧ㣺
Ȱѡ׹ߡҳȥǧݺݵ˵
ԵϵͳܵǧķڽģȨ·߹滮ģ
׹ߡͷɿ滻ΪڻûܽԼԵԱ˸ȤŮԣԵֻܿǧһˣģǿӡ£ǿ䴽˺ҧѪ
֧ױٸ߸ߣ滻Ϊ¶âԵռﵽһ̶ȣɱΪǿƴߣֱ۽ԵԸ˾ǿг߳xxx
֧˼ά滻ΪŭɶԵĶơ
Ƿȷģ
עǧ彡Բ·ߡ
ǧĬĬס˫ۡ
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102 
ǹ˲, һӰκ˷ӦҪѸٵĳ˳ȥý˺޳Ѹǰ, ˲ȼ᳡
۾ﵹӰŷ̷ӰԷĲһ߸ߵ˼ٶȻʮȴɵõ˵һ
ʮ׾ܵһİǵһվյķ̷ɫȻ˿ȫû˶ĸоֻã֮ܳΪ˶һ㡣
Χźܶ˺˵˵ЦЦ, ̷ǹˬʵЦݣΪͷȫͷס¶žµĪò˿ΪͶӼ֣Ǵò
Ŀ, ͻȻһֺܻĸо
ԭеķ̷, ɲģ̷һΪĿĲֶε, ߵ˺, ݷںڰбĺϢɥʬҰޣ˸еͬʱ, Ҳ־塣
ǸȺЦĺܿŮѧ˭ȥǳܹ۾ﲢûԭдڡĺڰǽꡯ, ҲûСǰŮκεϧ, Լ֮⣬κ˶ǵߡ
ȥ̷ôһеעĿŮѧ
㣿һԱĸ첲ڿ̷
ǣͦעĿġԼԷ̷Ĺע²裬ڵķ̷ȥԼĪ̹ȻԴ˲˼
գգ۾˿ֿ˿ȺгΪĿĵķ̷
§סֱ۲ԾЩսǸҲıȽϺðɡ
Եƫͷ߽Сߵ
գգ۾ӣͣ϶ʶܶˣҲҪĵӡ
Ҳܺá۾Ļɣԭ̷ˣòƤǰɣ
ΪʲôҾͺܺðѧϰɼֺã˶ֱֺܰûʲôһ˵˵ԽС󼸺š
ȻȴȻͷֱֵĿߣ㡭Ϊʲôô
ıҲǸһ㶣ͻȻ֪Ӧô˵Ͱ͵Ļش𣺡ңҲԣԿ𣿡
ȻԣϵķΣյ˼롣
ΪʲôһԻ
˭ԣǲ̷ܿԭĵĲɿֹϷҪͷ̷Ҫá
ں죬ǿ¶һЦݣҲ˵㲻̷ܿ˵ûбҪĽˣҲǺܰŮӡ
һ㶣ɫ΢죬ǳǳЦˣ֪ڽôĲǣ
ǣ˶Է
һ㶣ԼĻ壬̽͡
˵ģǺ㡣˵
ܵˣ˵СΧ˶̲סͶ˼ֺͼЦʱЩ˼
ô࣬Ӷպڷ̷ǰ΢ֺ޲ðͳ̷ģ
㿴ôഩͨѵ棬ֻ㴩Ư·ôǰ裬󷽲¶ӵġ˵
ҡʵҲܽŵġ
˭ŵģľǱȱ˸òΪʲôǱˣҪأ㿴̷ߣߣҲϲȥôĿĵطǣԽ˵Խþô£ϾŮǣҪ˵ԭǲǣ̷ÿվ
ҲûֻǣҸոպûѣǽ̵úáպ˵ģȻѾĲ˼ˡ
ʦţڸˣҽ㣬û㣬ԼϰԼŬʲôϵ̵ļǵԼüûϵˣָԼѧġ
ͷѾժһֱͷƤҪڵס
ֻǣȱ˶һܶѡͼǫ顣
ֻһҲǳ˱˲٣ҿɲֹһôòֺܿɰҾͲ㵽û׷
赸ʵˣҲѹֵͷ̷ܽôλһ뵽һζԭд̲סüۣһŵʵͷƤ顣
ҡҡͷ˵ò޹صġ
ûôѧϰ㲻ҲԼŬϺôѧ𣿡ѳζȥʲôŵ㣬ҺģҲģôʱû㻹׳ɳģͨͥĺӿ϶ᱧԹҳǰɡ
ţ
ԼĴѧûиĸ飬Ҳ֪ʱͬ˶ôġ
ֻϣԼ㹻㣬̫Է̷
СʲôԼļ䣬ԼദʱٵĿԭж˽⣬֪˵ǲǺһ
˵ˡͻȻһֻСɾµס·°ڣʱѾ͸ˣöأ˵ˡ
ʱŷӦǿ˶ĹϯϣΧɶء
һȦִҶԺƵ΢ЦŷӦԼո̫ĽԼĴˡ
̻عͷסʧʧߣͷˡ
ʱĵĿ˹ļͷС˵ʵȷ׷ҵģкܶѧҪŵģҶûӡ
ΪʲôӰڻص
ΪʵҸϲŮӡУǳɣСǲ뱻һ㡣
ͦõ𣿡
ҲͷǧͬԿɻ鱳ˣɣ
ȴһ٣ܾ֮򴽣ĶС˵ĺ𣿡
Ϊʲôãһͷˮ
ͷĬš
㲻ϲŮ˰ɣĻһλļ֮ϣʱȵûлرǻصǵСɫȹѾĵ߰㣬ױδȻѾЩ־ˣͬǶ
ʱһô˵ʱסǣ㲻ϲܣΪʲôҪͷܽأ
ɵľ˫ƺҪǰˣðȷǰİЦһҵĺãǷǧôƲ츣һǡ
ǽ㡣ǵõʱԼûǮǿ׬ûбҪΪûǮȥ޸һ㲻ϲˡ
ڴϣʶ壬ȴģΪڵôģǮķӣǾ๤뱲ӣڵݳޣ
ǡǱϾǷܵǮܵġ
ģô˵Ǹµˣܲҵ뷨ʱЦˣǸȡˣҿǰԼɺһϷǧ㿴õǮݳѰˡ
סˡ
ҪġʱЦĶߣΪϷĳͣĲƲҾȫˡ
Ȼֹȴˡ
ڵĽ㣬ȴ˵ܺܺãҲݼڣ˺ܶһֱĶĺܶ档
ʵеǿƣͷǿĸηܿסķǧ㣬ҲΪԸⱻһֱ˵ǧȶԷǧ㸺Ļ
һμ棬佱˷ǧ㡣
һΣ佱˵㣬Բᷢ顣
㣬Ϊʲôôʱ䶼ϵأʵǳСľִٵģʳ֮ͺˣֺǰһΪĲ¶
㶼ôˣʲô϶ԼˣҲûҪǹɣǰһ˳ԱȫҲĸ˫ǰҲûеܵãʵҲ֪ôȷദ취
΢΢򴽣ŵ˵ԺҲÿ춼㷢Ϣˡ
뷢ͷ뷢ͲûҪұش
ҪÿҷϢ㱨ʲô˶Ǯʲô£ʲôˣ޾ϸ
ΪʲôȻΪ㡣
ЩãȻ
Ľ㣬ס
Ҳε޷ѵ
񱻳ΪͻȻͻȻ޴롣
Ժһҽ𣿡ǱǱ𣿻Ǳʲô
û˵ֹңʻһͷˮ㵽˵ʲô
ǣûСɫһ죬Ż˵е㣬˼飬Ȼ϶ˡ
ʺţ϶ʲô˼ƽʱԭǷ𣿲񰡣ԭ˵Ķԭ۰޲˩ȹϣôء
Ů磬һ㶼ס
ǽ㣬ҲһҲͬˣ𣿡ϣʵ
Ȼʻճɫ˲佩Ӳ
۽ǵ⣬עӵѾ֪ʱǵһϤӰ
Ӳͫ׵
ǲʺϵʱʵĻ
ʲôʱͬˣʶ˵Ȼüͷһ壬ȵȣ˵ǡԭͬ
ȻϲŮˣ
Ǽ°Ͱ͵˵ʱı飬գۣԣǡǰΪ̫ϲֲϳϲԿķǡ
ɫͻȻʣЦڣԭ
ֵɫ仯ɻ󣬵ǻǼǲΪ̫ǿҲҪӵġ
𣿡ɫֹ
Ҫʲôӣ
ӰȻĻشȻͻȻһ㶡
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103 
Ϥ, ̧ͷǧ˾޵òôҰ֮С
Ϊ˶᳡رȽӵԵ, ǧβж磬ڵķǧվģϸߵ̨÷ǧڶµʱոպĺԣôͷ̧ͷǧʶĺһ²ڱԴĵ°͵ľ
εķǧ㿴ȥʮֵעĿȻΪ侪޵òǡ
ȴע⵽ǧı鲻̫ã˵ϲ̫ðɣǺ޶µޱ, ȴеĲƺﲻ̫ԡ
ôӦڹ˾𣿡һ˵һϰԵȥס˷ǧȥ̽һ¶Է¡
Ȼǧ㴩Ĳ񣬿Ƿǧݵλǻ˾̫ˣܻܿ䡣
Ȼû뵽һƬͷ·֮ͻȻ˱һƽʱ͸Ĵ̹, һ
㡣ǧĻش
Ĵһ, ͻȻԼ˶
ԶһԵСĿ֮, ͻȻԼ˷ǧͷϡ
ǧȻĶɻ, Ȼȴûзͷ·ѾĴһǴ¶ȵ˶׽Լȫ˸ʵ
ȻΪȴûֹͣ, ǧͻȻо䱻һֱֻȻգһ˫ϡ
ǧ, ʶһ£ȴû뵽ͻȻڶͷһǡ
һ, ҪԹԵı𶯣ҰסˣôôСôû·Ķૣ˶ϣûбκע⣬ȴΨǧȫ˶
ϲǧɹԵױٸ߸ߣͷ׹ߡ˽ǧ䰮Զ벻չ
ǧ˫ۣȻԼҰ󲿷ֶ˶ڵסˣζӳ£ϵͳģ¹ȫ֪һ㡣
ͷϱͻȻһ£ǵ֮С÷ǧ㲻֪ηӦ¶ڶͷϷ·̵¶ʼնȥ
ǧоıĻ𽥵Ļ£ȫַۣ뿪ͻֵĸֲ֢̾ܵõǧΪԼԺϵͳ뿪
ôͻůˣڷǧ㷢֮ʱԼֱסһůڼֱǸС¯һ濾ı䡣
ǧ㲻򴽣ԼֵǻЩ˼ע⵽˶ֻһɫĶ䣬ʱ첲¶ڿУ㲻𣿡
䣬ڻûô䡣ƺûжԼͻȻֱֳ̫Ĳ죬ֻ㣬ʵ̫ˡ
ǧ˶ĻУС磬׵˳ƽ§ڻУԼ뿿Ķ࣬ڴ֮ͥ££ɸסͷڹһķԼ
ոգ˵ʲôӣǧë£֪ȥı飬ƶЩ˼
Ӱһ㶼ûκγɣ˿Լ˵仰ʲôԡ
ǧĪЩЦҲЩô֪һ㣿
ô¾͵ô˵ǧļ򣬡㿴ڲڴ𣿴߹ģͦ۵İɣ
ֻȽɲ޷֡ǧȥ
𣿡գգ۾֮ͥ˵Ҳ¶Щ˼ɫҲǣͼɺȷûϵû˵㲻С
ǧЦһȻ֪һЦڻ顣
ȷһ⣬ûκζֻΪͻȻĲȨ
ǧ۽ë΢΢һ뵽ȫƿ񾭴ֵŮ±չֳ-еһ棬Ķ¶ֲܿƵϸ΢Ӧǧоӿ죬ʶĿһЯļǡ
Щȣǧ֪Լ졣
ȻҲûпȥ˵ʲôȥʲôҲԼȥߡ
ƵĺߺͲ˼ΪԼǿơ
ڷǧ㿴ˣȴԾĵطǿƵġ
⡭ܺáСԱߺͷǧʺãǧ΢΢Ӳ̫ȻȴȫʵԼ˸ЩڶһԿš
˻кܴѾȫ¼ˡ
ͻȻ֮ǧֻԼǲ̫޴ˡ
𣿡ǧͻȻĬˣһ۴ʱ޴룬ҲǵĶԻЩתƻ⡣
ǧǳǳӦ
˶ᰡʵ

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ʱϣ̷ڻֽţɫǵȻģȻΧ˾ȫԵĶѷһ
죬ɵľòǱƫ˶ҲѹδԭôѶȸأСҲܵס
ײμ˶Ŀ̲ס˵
ǽãôǰѽеĽԼһ
ʱ̷ѾƣȻ֮ǰȴһķһֱעŷ̷̷һ¡
ʶĽǧԼĻ££
ǹһη̷ȴûҵļһɳ۶ȥȻͣ٣ӦѸٽ״̬Ѿȶֲһء
Ȼв˶ע⵽Ǹҫ۵ĹֵŮѧһԷ׷̸ۡ
˰ɣϧˣոÿζǵһڲô׷Ļȥ𣿡
һѧУ˶ѣҪҪһҲνɣ
ˣѧУô˵УҲǺܶĿ᳡ЩѧܲԾͺͨѧУ̫һ˺ðɣ
Ҳһ㶣ûô࣬˳ʵѧУ˶ܿ𣿡
ҲǺֻ˵кܶţ˵˺ཱܶЩ˼ƺسӷҲͦߵģϧ˶һ㡣
㶣һӦȴǵͷȥǧ㡣
ǧ㰲ĵĻ
ͷˣֱϸϧ
ͻȻڱһޣȥ̷ȻѾԽ˵ڶԾȻΪһ
Ȼֹڴˣ̷ƯΪѸ͵ıܶ¶Щɫ֮ǰĵȻģȫͬ㹻ʱڶԴһ
˵Ļ֮£̷һµһΧΧǰȥ

ҵ죬СҲ̫˧˰ɣ˧쪵ġ
Χ˷̾𣬳޵ŮС
ȷͦ˧İԾһܴ죬µõһȷǺϷԵķչ
Ȼȴע⵽һΰ˰ƺԷ̷ĺܴİ׵ʱҲû̫ķӦȴڵĴͨ졣
ʱͻȻ̷һͷķ
̷˿ͻȻ˶ص׼ңֱʧ˵Ұ֮С
ɷ̷ѵڿ
㣬˶ԽɢˣҪҪȥʳóԵ㶫ʳ÷ͦóԵģҿԸƼһЩһ
ͷһ۴ӸղſʼһֱܳĬķǧ㣬̽ԵʵǸʳõʳԳ𣿡
ոաǧûлشĻʵ˵˧


104 
ǧͻһ֮С
˵̷˧
ǵȻ˧, û취һ㣬Ǳ谮Ů֮һ, ˧ŮͣһʼȥԣڿӢˬ֮ȥ׷Ů
ԭ̷ʱǲǰһġ
ڷǧǰ˵̷˧
ԸҲ˵仰ʱǧĲˡ
ĪǣҲǽ֮ʱ
˵ʵǧڳԴʵǾȥеСĴʻݷǧ㣬ò, Ǿ˵
ͦ˧ģȥܽģԣܽģ϶Ҫ˧˵
Щ̧ͷƺǲԸ˵Ļ
ǧϸָ΢ס˶, ǳЦһ, ʲô
ȻҲ˵ȷǺ˧ɡǧһο, 쬵ġ
һԵӲ, ǳȷϷǧڳԴˡ
㡣ãͻȻ뵽˰δķӣһ˵, ͷ̷϶Ƿܸ۰ɣ
ǰԥĳˣ˿
Ǿáٴοڡ
˲ᵽɤ, ʲôոһǰ͹ˣٶĻˡ
Ҫĵ, ȴѾ˵˿ڡ
ǾеĽɣܵõĻǲҲӯܰոǸԽߵʱĺһ
ǧĶһ٣ס˶ڵݵ΢΢ףĲ
дЩźĽǧĪıײһ¡
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ôһġǧ˵˵Ҳ˵Լ
ͷգգ۾Цˣ˵ҲǣһԵġ
ǧ㿴ԼڻԼ˫Ȳܳʱ֧ţ˵˫ȵ˵ȫĹͷв䣬ǱͷʹȼҪƵĻԼҪ
ڣǧͻȻıһȼܹжҲǷǳҪһ
ڿԳʳõķ𣿡ֻص
ԡǧص
ǡңһ˶Ļ᳡С͵˾һȻȴһӰȴǰ
Ůܸߵĸӣſȥͺܵ˶ͷķûдͷժʱջЩ죬ЩȻǸոյİ˰׻ûл
㶣ʶҪһ
ǰǷ̷
ôôٻܵ˶᳡̸ʱҲֻмʮ룬ȴѾӻ᳡ֵǵǰ
Ͼ˵ŮͻȻΧܶ໹û˷׷׶˹Ǿ̷̾صò
㡣̷ֱӿڣһԱסȴûеõһǰ̷Ĺע
ɵˣͷҲɻ̧ͷ㣬̷𣿡
ҲЩ£ͷȷ˺üη̷ȷԽľڿԼʱ±ơ
㡭ң߲ΡΡ˵̷·Ѹ
ǣ㡣̷˿һºɫƽЩû֮ǰǰرı飬ϤЦֻص˷̷ϡ
ҸʼˣԼʲôط÷̷ע
еʶˣҲǺȷ̷ͻȻָһֱı˶׸סݵķǧ㣬Щֹ
һ㶣ͻȻ䷴Ӧ
ڵķ̷ûнӴɷ̷ǷǧðϾö꣬ǹƾǿ϶ǿԷֱǧģοǧּñϡ
üһģ˰
ͷ̽ԵСʵܣ
ǧһʼûκηӦ˵֮󣬲Ÿ˻Ӧ
оǧûмϣԼվ˶ױͷժչ·ŵļͷ
·ǧ㽫˶ֵҵͷĲŪһ£ֱֱĿվǰķ̷
һ˲䣬Щ㱡
ǧһԭֶûеվڷ̷ǰ
ϸ·һ͵ǵվڷ̷ǰʱȴ˿˵κηǧƵĻ
ǧ̬ϸ΢ÿһ͸ȫͬڷ̷˧ˣȴĶԱ֮жϳߡ
ͳǿڻҵˣǺѧ˧ŮΪ˾η
һ̧ͷ
ʱ򶼹ɺܡ
㡣̷ȷ˷ǧݣһ˲ĸӣȻת˲֮Ŀı飬ˡ
ǧգ۾ǻشһ㡣
̷򴽣ƺԷǧ䵭˿⣬ʱſһԵ㣬ǣ
ͻȻᵽԼոԼһֱŷǧ㣬ʱɫһò÷ǧ㶪˰ɣ
ǡǧƫͷʱѾ˶׵һ˲ᣬ̷ȴĲ׽ˣҵŮˡ
̷


Ļ˵Ҳȷûʲô󣬵ĳ֮ͻȻ˵ȴʱΧ˶̲ס˹
ͺעĿķ̷˺ܶ˵ע⣬οڷǧ¶֮󣬽ЩƵò˲Ŀͬ͵Ůκ˶һ۸
Ȼ˭֪
ôһ˲֪ô۵Ļ
ǧޱ飬ȫûκΪ˵һֵĻεɫֻ᳹ҪεľǱˣǧľű鼫̹Ȼһ㶼ûκεģ
̷ҲסˣðŻعǿüԺ˵ǽġġ𣿡
һü
𾪡
ΧһƬԷ
һ˵£û˵Ůѣô󷽵˵ˣеԢû
Ҳˡ
Ϊ𺳡
Ϊʲô˵ˣ
ѵǧڱĵط˽İ
һʱ֮Ӷ߰˼룬ֱǧͻȻסͷ
һеĺ˼붼ʧһɶǧ㽫׼˷̷ҵİ¡
Ƿ̷ΪȻͷǧЩƵƯ۾ɻ󣺡ǣ
Ҳ𣿡ʶķһ䡣
ʱ̷Щȵ̰ҡͷǣһʼֻǾеȥģϸ˵֮־ûǣΪΪҼеʵǲ̫ˡ

롣
ášͦİɡ
ԭӦòᴩôؼ򵥵Ĳĵ˶ûôβܵȺɣǰԭӦõﶼ۵Ⱥġ
ǻġ͵һԱߵɫҪתƻ⡣
֮Ҳգգ۾˼ЦǱͦġ
ȷǱرࡣ̷סոһ˿˼ı죬ǰ㣬ǿѹء



105 
ԭǿѹ̷
ҲϢ𾪵Ŀɿڴ, ԭôҰ
ӶʺţȻ֮ĵһӦ̿ߵķǧ㡣
ǧһƽ, ɫ֮ϿκζߣȴͻȻЩܡ
Χ߶߶Ⱥ֮У˶͵͵Ĺߣ϶Ҳв˻Ű֮Цɷǧô㱻͵͵ԵĶ
ʲôʱǿѹ㣿ˣķǧᣬҲķǧ㱻̷档
㲻Ҫ˵˵һԵҲ̲סվ˳ҽǰͬˣôǿѹ㣡
ΧʱһƬ֮, 
ֻʶҪάȻ˵仰ҲˣⲻǻϽ
ֻͷƤֱ飬ΡΡĳŷǧ֣Ҳǣû, 㲻Ҫ˵
֪Լ˵, ΢΢ͷ˼ҡ
ǧ㲢ûлش, ֱŷ̷, Ȥ𣿡
ûͷûβһ仰û⣬, Ƿ̷ˡ
ǸǸ̷¶˼ֱǸɫʵ˵ǿѹ˵Ƿǿѹ, ʵڽĻϵʱݺݵĳҡ

̷¶˼ֿɬЦݣǲǵ𣿵ʱ㻹˵, ѧϰãúãǷҵŮӣһѹʱ㡭רѹסҡʱе㲻֪룬ǣôʣǾǲѾĹԼ뷨ںͽѾദܺˡ
ǰһڡ
ԭǴӸոս鿪ʼѾʼͷ̷ȥô˵Ҳѹ̷ַԭûаøпԡ
ڷ̷⻰粻˵ĺãЩо춼Ҫˡ
ֻһŮеһŮΣûһһѾĶ񶾱Դذ
̷ǧͷβûлͷѾվ͵£𣿡
סˣѸ̧ͷ
̷ıʱһΪʲôҪô˵ֻʵʵ˵
ǧȴЦһҲϲ˵Ժ˵㡣
̷Ӳű飬֮ϸֳʧ䣬ǿװεɫ¶һǳǳЦݣǸҲãںĹϵܺãô˵ȷɣӦģԺһ
̷ıЩΣЩɬǱ˲ĵĸһ㣬ҪȴΪίй¶˿˿ˡ
Χ˶Է̷ЩݣȴȻͷƤ顣
Է̷ӡͺܲ֮ȫϢ޴𱸵ͬʱָܵвѹ
ȥ۲ʱȫĵע˷̷ϣпһ
ȷ˵Ĳ̴·Ҫ֮ģҴΪǿѹסܣֲҸǿѹ㡣
Բ𡣡Ļ̷ͻȻ˵Ǹ⧲ʱ̷ǰƺҪ
ۼŷ̷ҪӽԼмסԭԷ̷Щų⣬ܵҪ
ˡͻȻǧԴǧ˷̷סǱ̷Ҫ̫ͫ׵ӰӰӣողǻĵ˵ѹ𣿡


˵ո˵
ֹѹ𣿡ǧ˵֮Ĵָ˿ĵĹ˹ģĴͬëĵĸдĪľͺ
ǡǸûз̷˵Ǹ˼ûСǧԼˣ̽Ľ͵ҡ
֪ǧ˵Ķ˵УҲҸȨ
ǧ뿪ʱ򣬽Ѿ͸Ķȫ۵ס
ǧգ۾û˵ѡ
ϲã̬Ҳƽ͡
ڵֵĺܿ
ǧս˫ֺʮ
Щͺߵ÷ǧ㱾̷ͲõҲ˲١
װǧᶨվԵߣԵԵԲᱻ˵򶯣ļᶨҡϲɺأ㣨
װǧãʵĴۻǧԵĸ飬ǧԵˡǿѹ𣿣񷢲Դ˲ǧԼһֱű˵ĳԴ飬Եİοɹ㣨+50ʧܣ㣨-100
ԴףԴ𣿷ǧ㱻ϵͳ󣬲ŷӦ
ԴΪӦǷںܵвŻֵķǳûΪֻжղȫϢԵȵ²ŻᷢĹ
˶ԴˣҪֳʵ̫ˡ
ǡ
һ뵽Լ𼱻ǵĸѯǲǾ÷̷˧һһ֮䣬ǧεȴԼƽʱĲһ
Щ򴽣ĵ׸Ρ
ǧ˳ǣǻ롣
ϵͳĬ
ǧǰһ˵ȥʳðɣһСڸľƵ궨ӵ㷿Ϣһ¡
㡣ǧĻ֮ǰ̷ͻȻ˵Ѿþûˡ
ǧعͷĺƵȴ˿κεǲͦã
ǧ㶪仰ǣִ˶ϯ뿪
˷ǧ󣬹ʹĻͷһۡ
̷վԭλողѧ۵Ůֻż˶վѾɢȥ˴󲿷ȺĿտĿյϣյĶ̷¶ڵʧ֮ɫƺע⵽񣬷̷̧ͷ¶һǳǳİʵЦݡ
Ī£ȴͻȻЦӰ죬Ŀʼ˼¡
֪ķ̷ڷǧ󣬺һ֮ģ
ڵķ̷ȹ¿ʼǰСꡣ
㹻ıһˣģǱԼĽԵеöѡ
ҡҡͷˡ
޹ء
̧ͷûκԼߵķǧ㡣
ʲôطڿ̷˽ʵȻֱڷǧǰ£ұȥ
һȴַǧûкһɻĻͷַǧվӵĿ
ôˣʵ˸ϿĶ
ǧûлشƬ֮ƹȽǰߡ
̸ȥܣҪǿʱ䳤˻ȥҪġ
ǧ򴽴·̾ͳ⡣
һһڷǧߣּô찡ԹͷѹܴģȻҷ㣿
ǧһԲǱͦıֱǰȥһû˺
ȻǧȴĸܵͷͼԼԼþʾ
Ǳϵͳѣǧ޷ƵĻط˷̷ܾãǿѹ˷̷뷨һϲȥ²ټıֳ˼ִ־ǿ
ǸܰߣС˵ȷϷ̷ûиҲˣ΢һ£ôϵġ
ǧĻȻ˼ͷ̷ʲôϵ


106 
׷ʲô
Ҳ޴, Եĸоǧˡ
ǧɲ, ȴҲ֪ʱ˵ʲôȥģʱٶ˵ʲôϽ͡
ǧ㲢ûеõĻش𣬿ȥûΪ©Ӷͣˣתȥ
Сĸ˷ǧȫ֪룬ϸ߰վķǧκ˶Ҫҫۣ뿴ĲǿʹҪǿվģ
, ˶ᣬҲμˡŷǧıӰͷ˵
õģ㡣ȻȥЩʧ, ȴûк, Զķǧ, Сһ·, ܰɣϾİ£ܿӿ϶Ĳˡ
۾һ֪Ϊʲô
һ㶣ⲻǺԵ𣿷ڳԴװ
໥, ţȫŷǧ˻ΪԴ׶ԼһֱǳϧԼ岻á
᲻о˰ʵǲ̫ܡ
Ҳͬŷǧȫǿĸ߰վ, ͻȻҲЩ㯣ҾͲ֪ˡֻǽһֱŷܵ佱һŮ, һֻҪǰ¿ܶٶеɡ
ϸ롣
ͻȻá
пܡ
ȥ̽̽ɡС˵
ݰݡССĻӶơ
˦˷ǧ㣬û˿֮ɫ
Ϸǧʱʶһ£ڲԶܿС˾Աߵȴǲûӭһֱŷǧ߹ȥ
͵͵б۾ǧ㣬ûļǧģ
ΪǧĲҪһֱ̬ƽͣԻûм̫ǧĲС˾ʶǧ岻ãһҲ÷ǧ¡
ڲͻȻʶЩû취͵ġ
λ˼һ£ǧǰһֱ佱СɰΪҲûʲôԣ
ٻλ˼һ£ְҪ˶̥
оǺСʱҲ⣬ںҲ̫˵ӡ
͵͵óֻҪһӦô죬ַˣܺͨŮֲһԸͨŮ˵϶á
ܡɰͰ͵Ŀŷǧ㣬ʹԼеɻ˳ǲǳԴˣ
ǧ㣺
Ѿܽ˵С
˾ĬĬĿ𴦡
ûеõǧĻش
ǵõ˷ǧķӦ
˵˵˲μ˶ᣬȻֱؼңֱǧصԼķ䣬ûٵõǧһ
ί
顣ȵĿͶС
СͷƤһ顣
ϣĿ⣬СķǳҪܾ˵ǧԴ֮󣬻ȥĳڵվ쳣ĳƣϰڷǧߵСҲЩ
ɱﵣܵ岻ãһֱȥܵӰ졣
˵˵㶼ʲô¡СЭˣǾԲ÷ǧ彡Цġ
С޾ϸĽ˶᳡֮˵ʲôܵϸһ顣
ȻѾҪΪܰ£ӦûصΪµʸ񡣡Сһ㯣Һͷɴཫ˵ɳеҪ󣬿Ƿܾܾˡ
һ±ƣӶǡµؽ
ȷ˵ƽǷܵʱ̫ˡСڳϣǵȴСؼҵ˾ڼʻûзҪ̫Ӱܵľ״̬Ҳ÷ܶ졣
һ㶣ʲô
ҽѾȷʣµʱӦҲֻң꣬ϣܶȹһȻǵʱ䡣С۾һôأʱˡ
Сеɤŵͳͳ𣬵СûбҪô񡣡
ֻҪɾܻȡͨһӶòĲƸѵǿĽ𣿡Сü˵ҲǱ뷨޹Ĳ𣿡
仰ڳ˶ˣ
ԭǴʲô뷨ӽǧģɵӶܿĳ
ʹäĿǧ㰮ԭĺܿ
ʱ䣬պҲ˷̷ʶ֪ʼ̸ʱˣԭĿʼʱ䡣
ԹȻҽ÷ܲĵɡҲСﻰ˼
СͻȻĬˣܷһ˼Ƭ̺Ż˵̷Ƿܵã֪ɡ
֪
һŮʵ㲢һܶġ
Һܼԭҵǿǿϣĩ·ͼͨһѾƲļ壬໥եȡԷļֵ
ҽ϶ȹ˱ѩʱڣΪȹ̺Һܼҵβơ
ȻȥʵϽǱ׵ûֳ̬ʵ飬ϺӶࡣ
ѾעܳΪҵļ̳ˡС̾˿˵Ҳþ˷ϵķ̷ַԸԳ˷̷̷ʵǳɫģܽȻҲƯСѾ̳ʱķܡ
ʱķǧȥѾڴӺСͶķǧѾע⵽Լܵڴȵ̷ۼ֤ԼܵڴαҲκо޴ġ
ܲûи߹ҵʱǺʱ뷨ǻλ˼ڷǸǶȣο̷Сʵ
Ĭˡ
ᡭ
ο̷
ԼͱԼӶ֪ѾĵĻţȴһӹԼζ
ûжԱȾû˺ûȷĺôһ㷴Ӧûеأ
뵽ֿԣ;Ϣ
ܼʲҲ֪ң޷ܵġСƫͷС̷ʲôõģӵһзûеģ̷ܽʵͦģܴСҲܺã˷̷ɣǲǱ˻Ҫӵл
һ㶣̷׾˦ߵ˵ģʧȴܳڶõһѾܱͨȵˡ
ʱǧ붼ĳ̶ȡ
Сûټ˵ܶ˵ĵ㵽ֹˡ
Ҳ㡣СüԵ㣬Ҫ¡
վڷǧǰʱ΢
֮٣Ҳܵȷǧ˺
Էǧ㣬ӦĲǳԴװɡ
ȻΪ̷ɡ
òŴˣż˴ʱ뿿ڴͷڴļķǧ㡣
תƵ˷ǧߡ
Сġ
ǳġ
һ̽ġ
ʵܣȻؽҰɡ
ǧ۾΢΢󣬻عͷ˵ʲô
ǡ˵㣬Ҫ̷̫ͱȲ㣬ؽˣҾͿԶˡ
ǧɫȻôз̷ˣ


107 
ס, ǧһŭˣǲ˵ʲôˡ
ֻ֪͵򽻵ôһͨʵ֪ʶѷ, ǧм˾ʵǲΪԼܹǧ뷨
ۼֱԼˣҲ޴롣
ؽĺ˼ˣȲ˵δԼͷ̷һս쿴Լֱķ̷ֱ˰ߡ
ڿǧȥ޷⣬Ͼദôʱ䣬ԷǧĸҲܸӡ
ֻıؽ÷ǧȥ֮ǰļܰĲΪԼ񣬶˵Ҳǻ¡
û׼ҲΪԭԼδ̷Ϊûоأ
ǧ㿴ԷС񵽵׻÷ǧƽЩ, ԼڳԴ¿ǲˡ
Ȼһ뵽ԼȻڳԴ׷ǧָΪӡ
£úõ̸̸¡ǧ˵
˿̽˵ҪҪùܼ׼һ֮ġ
Ϊʲôǧʵ
ܾã̸ܾáͷһµСģ, ˡ
ǧֻеƢϲ², , Ϊʲ, ɵ˳ʱ䱻ѵ׼úЦֺ
ôġǧʵҲе͸ڵһӵӣʱֱ̫˼ʽҲ޷жԼ˼άǷȷ, Ĳ²ͬʱǧôԼҲ˼
Ȼڿ飬ʵһֶûпȥ, ӶԷ̷ĳޡ
Խ롭
Խ
ʵһʼûо, ҵĴɵİ˸ԼԱߣС˵ͣһʼվڷ̷ǰǷ㲻ǳǱҪһ㲻վ𣿿ȴƫƫվˣҾ룬ǲΪĺںǰŻôġ
ں̷ǧ΢΢üȻ벵⣬뻹ǵ˵ꡣ
Ȼ㲻ǷҪԼ·ֹûãҾ͸϶Ϊ̷ڣҪάʲôġǳɵĽԼ뷨ȫ˵˳Ǻ˵ڳԴס
մˣǧǿ˵㣬֪ڳԴףӦʲôҲӦú˰ɣ
ҾãˣӦûԴװô˭ȲܣԱ˵Ĵףǲǽͷܵ𣿡
ǧɫһ
Ȼҡ͵͵СС˵ģ˵ΪΪ˵˵žͷֲζˣǣûʡ
ǧƤЦⲻЦǣģ˵ˣɴ̹״ӿһܸҸÿ۶СĹʡ

ǧǵЦ۵ȴһƬ㲻˵ǾͰʿˡ
Ǳвˣɫȣ˵˵Ƿ㣬ȻСĹʣҰ˰ɣ𣿡
ǧЦˣǷ̵ЦǱЦˣôһء
˵ʲôݰɡǧ˵
С˵˵̷ͷܴСԴһõĸĸİһҷܺ࣬ɷ̷Ӯҡ򵥵˵һ£СҲû˵̫ࡣ
ǧҲµôˣʵȻأ
Ҿ밡ҴСô࣬һ˻ÿζõ谮ڹıǸ˺ãҿ϶ͲǰʹҫԽͷֻޡ
һ˵һ߷·ĴԼҧгݵģǧ㰲ĿţͻȻܿɰ
ҡָĵľһ𣬱ߵҲ΢ܼôˣ˶ҶԷʲôˣǡǡܵ塭
ȴʼǱȲ̷
ǧܲ²˵ڵĻʲô
Ǻ˧ģãǽķ̷ĳ谮Ƿܵİ£ҵӦŷܵģһڷܵǰ˵̷˧ɫܵ䣬Сίı飬һֱⲻ˺ͷ̷Աȣһôܹˡ
ǧ֮ʮȷˡ
Ϊʲô뵽ؽģǧʵ
һ£С˵СģҾͦϲһһطģгкסҪʲôҪʲôܲǷⲻͦõ𣿡
ʧȥɡǧѵ
գգ۾ͷ
ǧ˲ʲôСҲ˵ҽԼԤϵޣ˼Ըöݵɻȡİȫ
ǧ޷Լʲôζ
мꡣ
ûпǹνɣ˵Լȷи鵽ɷء
һγԵ㯵ķǧĪıԼ뷨̼ɬۡ
ΪʲôΪҲڳԴףǧʵ
һ㶣ֱͣ
Ҿ𣿡ǧʵ

ǧ临ӣ԰ˣһñֱӴͷϣһĻҲû
ڳԴסǧ㲻װˣװʲôãװ˶̷ˣòʧ
ɵ̧ͷ
̷ʲôˣõʲôǧ㴹ҲҼʹ
ôܻ᲻أͬɷ̷õ̫Ķϵͳ֮ǰޱ޼ʵʹʱ򣬶ǸעõԼһеԹء
һ̶ϣҲҪûκֻµΪµԭ
˺á
ʹ;֮УŶ޴Ķ⡣
ϵͳĺͲֻͬ׷ĿģҪӿҪõЩһֱͷӦŷ·һһĶԼѾȫûȥ˼ˡ
ǧʱͻȻӦһεͲȥ̷
վڷ̷ǰ֮ʱ
ľֻгԴ׵ʱġ
ϲǧɹΪԵ¶ĹϵΪ˰˶øǧ-10Ե㣨+100
ǰΪԼ˵ʷ̷Ϊǧ˵Ҳ̷ǰǣҲǣֻҺܲˡ
ͷһ֪ģ
̷Һÿ𣿡ǧʵ
Щɣǧɫһǧ˵ȥҪڿȥҲͺͷƽɫˣ϶ÿǧ򱶣
ǧЦһ㵹ʵϣǿ𣿡
ûСҡͷ
Խ𣿡 ǧʵ
áƶҡͷ
ҳԿʱڳۣӵеԴʱһʲôұȡǧЦ彡֮󣬷̷͸
˵Ķԣ̵ͷ
ҵˣȴҺã˵ĶԣڳԴסǧ޷ⷽ棬ֻһͨ˰ˣҴ׵ĺ
ҴˡɵǸԺԲˡ
ǧ򴽣ûʾɣѵĵǸϿң
⣿ǧʾҪһ㣬˵ˣҲһ˰ɣ
ˣǲȻؽ
ǧ㣺
ǹȥ


108 
ͷǧ໥, ȻǧԺĲ㯡
ǧҲܸӣҪڱֳԴ֮һ, ֳˣȴˡ
ɵˡ
͵񣬷ǧüͷͻȻ䷢֮һä㡣
ÿһεɵĶܿ죬Ե쳣ġϡеġϡǳԼ뷨ڶá
ΪԸʮַϵͳָġԵ淶鶼, Ҳɹ˶ġ
һУʵĵġ
ǧ临ӣôѵ˵ʵһ֣
һжûǰʱʮ˳ֵ飬רȥûǺܶ, ȫ֪ô
ǧ𽥵ķԡ
̸֪
ڵĸһβΣʱͻȻ, ӵԭļ˼ά, ȴһӵΪµĸ
ǧ΢΢ü
, ǰ£ǻԶԷΣӦúҡǧ, ֮ϸķǵ⡣
ҡȻȫ״̬
ǧ㣺һС
𽥾֣ҪʲôȫѾڵ״̬ģ
ǧ㣺ô
Ҹʾǧ̾˿, Ǳһһ, ôڻҪְֽ˺Լ
۾ɵԲԲģһĺѧĺѧģĵͷ
ǧü䡣
һԼ׵ģ
ʲôأ
û޵ķǧ㷢ԼⷽҲǸĲ˼
ǧ֣ס˴ʱΣ˫Сѧһƽ˫ϵ֣˵һ䣺ԲԺעͱ˱־ģ´һˡ
գգۣ
ǧ㣺
ȫûп˵ķǧʱҲˡ
ǧ򴽡
ͻȻΡ
ֻ͡ΪҺͷ̷ߵ̫Դ𣿡ڴʱͻȻڣ˵һ仰
ǡǧ˿оӹһ٣Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ͻߵҲ죬ǧ֪Լȡ֣һ˵ĽǶȷǻ̷мӡ
Ϊ񣬷ǧҲ¡
˵ţͻȻָתԭǧסֱ˵ԣŷǧ˫ۣԲԺעͱ˱־ģ´һˡ
ǧ˿ȴûϵͳʾʶһ
ȻȴƺûҪֹͣ͵Ϊֹ˼
ҵȷû̫࣬ζͷ̷ߵ̫ģΪҺĹϵҺͷ̷ĹϵΪʲôģᣬԲᡣ
ڷǧǰ˵ǧССૣͷ
֪ǧӦͬҲ˼ΪʲôԼһֱûյϵͳʾ
ܣҵİ¡ͻȻ˵ԴΪԼ˰ɣڶռ֣ȻǺ⣬ǷܳԴˣǾҵĴ
ǧգ۾ûжԴ
ҵĴҡҡͷͷ˫ŷǧġ
ǧ㵽ˣԼΪԴ׶һֱûɵΪЩڣͲǶԴ⣬Ҳϣ
Ȼûڣȴٴο˿ڣҲԳ˷̫֮ĵģܷܲ⣬ǷܶҷǳҪҪܸıҵǷǶԴĵز
ûȵùܣҵİ£ҲһֱĿǰΪֹػҵˣΪзܣҲŹʰзҾͻܰȫ
Ȼ˵ЩʱһֱͷŪеķǧָǷǧȴ˶Է档
࿪ʼļ٣˷Ҫĵط𽥵ĴĿ֫һֽŶʼ£ǱסָǴδйȣĶЩ
ҺܣҲҪͷܷҵϲãֱͷ񣬵ڻõķܣѰͷ񡣡
Ļ÷ǧĪЩЦ뵽͵͵Ļûֱ䣬ûע⵽ڶٱ߽߱ǽǵϸϱϲ
ֻͷǣҲֻԸͷһ˯ҲԸΪ˷ȥѧϰɣҲϣܵ岻ãҲκ˶ϣܹǡǾԲԷ̷κα뷨ģǷ̷Ҳһ
ǧ㱾ܰȻĻȻԽ˵Խ࣬ǧ𽥵Ӧ˵
еﲻţû̸ǧҲ֪˵ŲŵˣͻȻԭеɱ˾޴
ǧԴԴϲЩġ
ȴΪĻˡ
Բ˺òãָס˷ǧָҴˡ
һҴˡƽʱǴȻϸȴ¶̬γ˾޴ķ
Ϊ˵仰ԼҲЩ˼պ庢һȴεεһ㡣
΢գЩ񣬿ԭ͵͵Ĺ۲죬һһ֮Էǧ˵ɱ޴
ϲǧ񡮳Դ˲㣨
ϲǧɹáԴסõԵļټġΪʵڸչŶԵǧ㡮һأ
ԴǶ԰µռǶ԰ӵȨʹãбزٵľǧųɹ鵽ԴסΪİʾΪ֮ѵûа뷨񷢲׾Ͳ׷ˣǧջԵһεǸǣɣ㣨ʧܣ㣨
Զʹã׾Ͳ׷ˡأ
ϲǧԵĹϵһʱ໥ԶԷȨˣȨĸĴǳƿʼɣ񷢲ǳƣǧԵȷԶԷ˽˳ƺɣ㣨+50 ʧܣ㣨-100
ϵͳһʾǧȴֻҪһ롣
ǧϵͳʾͻȻӦΪֱֹżõʱзǧ֮󣬻ڽзˡ
ȷǡ̫ˡ
ǧ񣬱Ϊż¶Ľ̬̼ЩɵĴԾͷ·յ˴̼һڳصϲá
ģ̌ǰԼԽǿԽǾÿɰģǧͷķ·һ޻紵һ⶯֡
ôˣϷǧӣƺҲǲʲô˵ʼЩ͡
ǰ£԰ɣǧ΢Цʵ
ԡ ʶ˿ڿˮ
㵽ĿǰΪֹΪʲôһֱҷܣǧ۾
ͻȻס
һ㶼ܲ𣿡ǧ̽ԵţڴĿлγƺ
ڷǧڴ֮£ӲͷƤС˵ǡǡǧ㣿
̫ͨ
Ϊѡ
ôͻľҪǳˣ
û
ŷǧڴĿ£ӲͷƤСССģ


109 
ľáǧЩ, Сƺʺ𣿡
ǧʺ𣿲Ȼʺ, ۴ӸֽǶ˵ǧ㶼ǾԲʺСĳƺģɵҡҡͷ
ٻһǧҲЩɣӲҪôУҲǲС
Ͽҡҡͷ֪ոΪʲôһ뵽ƺ
໥ӣ໥֮䶼㯡
ֻһǳƶΪʲôôѣ˿ŶԷ໥֮䶼˳˼
ô֮ǰϣҽʲôǧᣬĵСϷǳѵõıֳġ
£ϣʲô
ûпǹⷽ, ԴӸĸ֮˶ֻǽ
Ҫôӵĳƺֵ־ͺܺýˣ˳ڣʧȥ֮Ҳûкκ˵޽ܵĹϵ 
ѾͷһŮǻ, صܵĳƺķ, 衣
Ѿͷ, Ѿͷ, ѾͷѾҪĸ׽ԼڶߣѾͷҵı
һһķɫЩ, Щ˼¶ǳǳЦݣܵ˵Ļ, ϣô
ǧ㽫ɫ۵ףǳӦá
ȻʲôʱҪб, ƽʱǰĻҲҪеô¶˽ʱôбȽϺãƽʱƽʱ֡˵ȥǼеģ
ǧǳЦţܹе뷨һ
šԼĻ֮ͻȻ˵
һ˵İܵӰĻǼͥļᳳֵģĸĸǶģĸһŬһ飬మڸĸĶ֮³
ĸһͨĲͨˣô˧Ҳ󣬹һ㣬涼̫ͻȴܻ׽ĸסš
һռĳƺҲǳŰ⣬˵޽ĻҸ֤

šžǰ˼
ôƽĲƽĳƺǧעССĳƺԼССģԼԭ˽
ëĲһֱûеõǧĻشͲס΢΢̧
ǧʱڿͣǺǿӲĮ˫۲ͬڵķǧ۾·һС
ǧ㿿Լ𽥼ӿǰһжõɴȴһƬհ׸޷ǰ״
ǧӦˡ
Ӧʲô
ŶӦӦԼոսŵĳƺ
ףôӦ
ǧܽԷĿ֮ľܹǧ㳤Ľëĵز
ǧָĴ֮ϣģЩ-ָѹоˣĲһ£֪ǲӦſ졣
ҳԴˡǧŮеᣬټϳ-岻öϰԵĲȴϵȴڴʱ-֮ɫ
÷ǧԴˣô죿
Žߵķǧ㣬Է͵ ԼԼϵָ
ǧ㣬ǲڹ
ȷԼ뷨ǲȷ
ǰķǧɢŸ˵
żֵƤĵ٩
㲻𣿡ԷƯ۾һֱӰԼ𽥱ɫҲƯҲ·õ˼ơ
ûٶ˵κλǧǳɫ·ЩȱѪĴߣͻȻǰ˷ǧ㡣
֮ǰԼ˷ǧһЦԼڴС̳ɹһĵóѡ
޷Ƶһ֮³磬ǧֺγء
ϲǧ׾Ͳ׷ˡ㣨+50ߡɹʹã㣨+100
ϲǧǳƣ㣨+50
ϲǧɹԵǳƣרԷͨߡϬ˵߿ʮ֮ںԵͨᵽԵ仯ǧǷʹã
Ȼǧ޷ϵͳʾȥеעϡ
ʲôܱȵĹڼ໥֮֮ͨ伤ҵķΧأ
Ǳһ侲ķǧȫȻʧȥƽʱǣ˷ţΪרıϲ֮С
һԵѸٵıԸо-һ٣ǧнҪǸӳȥȴû뵽ȱƳȥľȻԼ
һѸٵĴ֮ѣѯʷǧǲﲻ̾Ҫȥ˽ҽ
ͬʱõ˱ϢѸٵĳȴһķǧͽֵ
ǧǲʲôḻһ۾ܿĳһЩ򵥵ļ֪ʶ鿴һ֮ȷȻ˷ǧȻɫȴͬĴꡣ
ͬϸĵҲע⵽ȻޱȣϻΪȥĺɫԼͬĴϻǳǳӡʲô
ǧڱƿ֮ȫ̶ɫȵ˽ҽ֮ûмʲô⣬ֻ˵÷ǧһҪȶ
һԵ˵С㣬ûʲô飬ѾˣҲ϶ƣˣϢһ¡
˿˽ҽ˿ֿ˿Ӹղſʼɫûùķǧ㣬ͻȻס
֪ˡǱѸӴܣɫЩ֮Щ԰ס
ΪʲôǧļͻȻˣΪԼԵ÷ǧˡ
ǧ-̫κξҵӰ쵽-壬ԸոաΪԼ÷ǧԴ
Ȼ˽ҽ˵ûʲô£ȴתֱ£ίܡ
ǲǲô-ǧ㣿
Ի֮С
ͬʱڷǧķУ˽ҽҳ
ǧһֱ˵ʵҲƽԼ
ƽǵļ¶ǶԼһͳ-ԼһξȻûѾͿʼַӦľ
޷ǰԼ
ԽǿԽ޷һѧԼ飬ȫ޷ƵķεĽֻҪһŵͿʼηηš
ʲôʱ ǧֱӵ˵濪ʵ
װǧã-ȫԳĴ-ʱ̱ȶƽľʵƽĿǿܵġ
ܣ뷨-ͨ˲ͬڵ-ܱȶ״̬ѾǳˣĲ-𺦣ԶҲһҪ̰ͼһʱĿֶ-ɲӰ졣˽ҽ˵
Ҳ̾˿Ҫ˵ӴӴʱСҪ࣬ͷǧϵı仯Ҳ⡣
ԴԼİˣҪӴҪҪܶǺ¡
һԸ߰ķǧѾܻĵǵʳʱ֪Ѿü޵ĵز
̫ңǧ㵽ûֵס
ܣҺ飬иεļ򵥵뷨
ǧڽ
κ鶼ǿѭ򽥽ģһ̫-޷ܣôֽ׶һһأ
ǧ㿴΢΢ü


110 
, ΪֹӦûǴɣ侲˵һԵ˽ҽѾһ͵ˡ
ǡѾαϵķǧ㼸Ѿ޷ټȥ, ʱҲ˲ʲô棬˵ǳĸȤ
ǳǵһΣԻʶʱûйǿ΢΢ƫͷ˼һ£˵ļǿԱѵģܲȾҲѵ
ǧΪĻͷ侲һЩˡ
ԺСԴС¿ʼ󵽵ܳܵķΧ, 飬߷ͶԼϰߡ
ҾסһԵ˽ҽҵ˲廰ĻᣬôһṴܵĿ峤ڽ״̬޷õҲһ˽ķʽ
˵ʵ΢ɲ̾˿Ҫڷܽܵʵĳ̶ȽС
жʵǧֱӺһ˽ҽĽ顣
޷׼ȷ˵ϸ, һжڷСĥϹӦ̽Ѱʵ״̬, ֱĴ̼ǻ, ԷһҪʱעԼ״̬, ȻСҲǣ, ҲһȫʣһֹĶΪƽʱʱĳЩСϰߡ
ҹ˯֮ǰ, ǧ˫˼˵Щ
ε鵽Ȼֹģǵȷͬ˵, ЩҲǿѵġ
ȴӲôҵĴʼĥϣȥĲ࣬ϸˮ
ϵͳӵеǶ٣ǧʵ
ΪǧѯϢĿǰۻ951㣬ϲڲиŬ֮ۻ㣬ǧٽŶȡ鿴
Űʮһ
ǧһ£ϵͳĲ֢ͨĲͬཫ滮Ϊһ࣬ϵͳеĲΪϵͳ޷֪
̵֮еƣ۸񰺹
Ǹϵͳ޸ܻ֮ͬйͨǧ㲢ȫ˽ҽѧ֪ʶԶԵ޸ϵͳ޸һΪ޷㡣
޸ϵͳһһǧת̵ĻᣬԸתȫ޸һϵͳΪŻݡ
ҪԤһԿ״Ȼһǧ޸һϵͳ
Է̷̾ǧ㲻Ծüͷҹ֮Щʧߡ
˵ǲ׷ˣˣ֪ж뽡վǰ۾ݵĿֻܿ
ǧֻ˼·϶
뷨Է̷ĶʼɣԽĽһ˯ߡ
ֱһֻס֡
ů¶ȣϤĲŻе¶ȣһһȫȫ¶ͷʲô¶ĴԷ˺ܶ࣬߰ξ˯ˡ
ˡС˵
ڴͷССȴܹΧĴͷƣ˽ҽԼڷǧĴߡ
ѾˣӦֻǰ󣬵µķȣӦûˡ˽ҽ˿
˰˳ȥ˿ȥȴͻȻסˡ
ų䳤˯£һ˿ķ˿ȫ䣬ȥ˼֡
ô֪ڷյģʵ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷֻͻȻȥ˯ô
һʼûȥȴû뵽һŵİžԶˣȻǷǧܹǧҵȨޡ
Щ˼ˡ
ûнȥΣͻȻʵ
һ㶣΢΢ͷɫЩȻ
ˣҲŵˣ£ҽܸһ飬ҪҪ
κġ顯ԽɫԽ΢ȵ֮ͣ룬ɫӵʵǲǣǷİã
ɫ䣬һ˿͸ɫʲô
Īһ䣺û¡
Կһ£ΣܵҪȿǡ˵˵ͷҲȥ˯ˣҲϢɡ
صԼʱסϷڣȥһǾĻֵֹġ
ǧ㲻Ǻףϵⷽ滹Եģ˵ֻĳЩ໥ѰߺͱԵ̼˵õ߷ǧͶϵĻ
ʵҲǲԡ
˵ԣҪһЩϡ
οƶԷں״̬Ȼ˵ʵȫǿԷ״̬ʲôġ
ͻȻֻˣ۾ŵĲ˦ȥ
˭ҹĸ绰
յץֻʾϾȻĵ绰ЩɻǸҲô¾еĺӣǾԲԵ޹ʴҹ绰
һϲӵ绰ѵõĽͨˡ
ιôˣЩ
绰ͣһ¡
üι
˯˽СİĸֱӲİɣ
ιȻӶ洫ֻȥĬ룬ǣ𣿡
ǡҡŲǣ̷Ϊʲôֻ
궼ҪŷˣΪʲôֻͨĵ绰ѵһΪʲôǻһ𣿷̷𣿴ҹġҹģ
㲻ҪںУҽԺ̷ǲļ˵
УҽԺסˣУҽԺʲôȥˣ
̷ŸʶѵѾֱӿŰģʽ𣿣
ˡ̷˵ʱͿʼˣ֪ͨ㣬յͦģҾûǵø绰
ɵˣͻȻ뵽˶ǺٵĴţһֽţֻ̨֮һ׾˶ĿʽķЩĹ̨һ硭
ӡͻȻЩˣ㲻Լ۰ãĵȷȷǸˣԼ˼Ψһ˵ͷȴ˼ңϹȥ
ֱӴ·ͳˣҹΪǱҲûʲôˣֻܿܣ·ûгֻ򲻵
ЩΪѵץץͷ
ͻȻִֻ˵绰Ƿ̷㣬ڹн˾𣿡
û·ߣҿûйȥĴ򳵣ٵȵȡһСܣܲʱЩ
ԭصһ£Ҹ˾绰ǧҪܣ㣬٣ϺΣգһҸ㷢ĳƺţ㶼Զһ㡣̷˵ҵĺ룬ҹһλá
һ±Ƶ̷Ҷ˵绰漴ԼϢϾյ˺룬ע̷֣
Ǹӡ
ôһȥ̷ʵ˾ȻͦģҺϸģҲܻˡ
ܱˡ
ͨ󣬷̷ֱӷһϢ
һҪСģҴҹгʲô£ξʹˣԱ߻ҽģҪ̫żһһֱŽ
һϢԼ淢һƺš
˳õĳĬ
̷һ仰е뷨ĵġ
ʲô
΢Сӡ


111 
·, İĳƺţԱ֮ǰ, Ȼڿ˾ʱ΢΢һ㶡
˾û뵽˾Ȼڣôˣ
Ƿǧר˾
̷˵绰˵Լˣ·ߣ˾ӡ˾ǺǳĬģǽȥҲûоĴ磬Ǳгĺżȥûƽʱ˾汣ڵϬһĲ̫ýģ
û뵽ǵǺܹģƽʱǧרó, ûиܴռĺϵİ治˼
ǰҲҹͻȻҪȥҽԺƽʱһһ˾ޣպֵҡΪǧ㲻ڵԵʣ˵Ҳˡ
㲻, ܲҪҲ𣿡
ǹܼ, ܼҲм, ҪʱҲͷȥҽԺ, ܵҲһֱȶڵĻͣһº˵ںһ֮ȶ˺ܶࡣ
ԣ𣿡
ڿ˿ʻֿǰǰһµʱŻаҽԺ, ͶҽԺרҽԺ˽˼ӻѾúܾˡ
ΪԼĹͣʱǧҲȷڱá
ڼ˵, ˵˵һ𣿡
˵Ϊǹڷǧ, ̱ϹϾš
ҹźΣգƽʱṩʹãҪֻҪܼ˵һͿгʹȨˣСҵĵڶˣʸȨ
գգۣЩ˼ֻǡϰÿԼӱ߳ȥȻٴ򳵵ϰˣǰԼģʲôӶ˾ûС
ΪûйôݻĶԭĿҲʵûӦ˾
һעġɵͷҲ֪˾Ϊڿǡ
λϣżͷһ˾Ĳ̻عͷ
˾һֱһԹˣȥҲ࣬ദܷ˵׺Ͱȫϸ£Ҳѹַǧ㻨Ǯ¡
Ųϵ˵ľɫͻȻʵ˾㣬Է̷˽𣿡
ܱǸҲ˽⡣˾ֱӶסĻͷεͷŪָҲ˵ʲôȻ˾ע⵽ĳĬһ䣬СΪҵļ̳˵ǺģֻҲΪһ̳ӦܵĽ
˾ĻΪֹȴˡ
˾ڸ̷Ǻ㣬ദ֮ҪСġ
Խľ˾
ڸʻϿ˾ֱӿУ԰ͣУҽԺſڣ˾˵Ҫ೤ʱ䡣
ȥɣĺأһصҼңʱȥܿǸðˣܵɲܱȾðˡ˵
˾΢΢˸
ĲҪ˵
ͳαİȫҽ͵ȫĵط֮жġ
˾ô˵ˣҲ޻˵ˣӲı飬ȻȥִȴʵھְͻȻʵһȺܺõΪˡ
ʱУҽԺУѾյͨ죬ڹˮͷϻһҲа뱭ѾȹİˮѾԹҩƬ
̷ţɫЩȻӸϵİɫϸµҴñܿó̷ѾںŬչˡ
Է̷Ļе㶯ݣĺܸл㡣
̷һ̧ͷЩ֮ͣž۽㣬ˣǸûע⵽㣬⼸һֱæ˶飬Ըոеûס
ͷоЩ˼̷жҲˣѧĹ˵绹ǧ׳ܡ
̫ˣô˶Ŀ˿ҩˣҲҺʱȻڷտҲûʲôˣ˾ƾĺͲҺ΢
һԵķ̷Ķ˵ĺϸġ
㲻Ҳĺܺãʵ
ΪҽôҲģԷ֪Ӧôȥչһˡ˵ŷ̷΢Щģڸпһ㣬ĲһֱأһֱչŽ㣬Բѧôɡ
ûзܲ˵ϱһֱչԴѧϸչ𣿼Ǽϸ£һ˵סվסġ
ÿ춼Ҫչ˽㣬Ӧûɡ ̷ЩȻɫ˵ģɡ
ϡ⻰Ӧڹɲ֪ΪԼʼղ̫
Ĵǲˡͷ΢˿ԼֿҲҽΨһǾܵһ㡣
̷ͷΪƣȥмࣺǿŴϵ࣬ߵ˿϶ʮּ尾ɡ
尾뵽ĸս񻯵壬һҹҹĵĵȷǼ尾ĸױҽ֮ʱʱ˷·һı֮£ʵм˿
ʼձһϸߵϣŵĵǺܰ˱Ʒ裬ҲǶʱݵΣϣ̮һ
̷ڿмۡΡͬ顢ϧεЦˣܳΪ֧ͺˣܸõչ˽ˡ
£Ҫ֧
ҲҪֻ֧ҪܿŷһһãڻָڱãǶõ֧ ˡ
̷۵мֲ죬֮¶˼ֱǸɫǸ̫СˣȻȥʵǸļǿˣһΪ֮ǰ仯ڿһļǿ
һʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲô̷ԼԭԱȣò
ʵһֱܵĽ㡣̷ıԶ׼ʧ䣬ֻҺͽĹϵΪԵû취ͨһá
ÿɷ񣬼ǼͥĴ󣬿ɷ̷ȷߣ̷ûбҪֳܺߵģ
һֱܵĽ㣬ҵȷܺͽ̫ǣ֪Խôãĺܰģ㡭ƺܲϲģ
̷仰˲Ȼԭֵôװװһ£
㣬ͽ飬Ǿһˣһҿ԰𣿡̷İ΢΢̧ȥм󣬿ȴǲݾܾ
ʲôԼûԼΪŶ˿ڿˮ
ԺҿԺ㳣ϵʵǺ֪ô
̷ǽȫûע⵽ԼΪһǰȥס˷ǧ̷ֱ֣ǧҪأסֵʱǯסһ㣬ڵֱֱͫסһ˲оԼǱڱʳϸϸ
ޣϧͬܡ
ʾģ֮ͬġ
һһЩʱŲԼѾȫ˷̷Ĳ
Ҫ֣ɷ̷ܸߴ󽡿ȴĳ񣬷·ֻҪɿ֣ͻΪ̫һĽš
졭
֮ȫ˵ܾĻ
ǧ㴦ڳ˯У޷棬ԻѣʧܣȴٴγС


112 
ǧ˫۵ʱѾǴ, ס˶ͷоЩƮ, ĺɡ
ǧ˴ͷĺ壬ܿʹ
ǰǧȷϷǧ״̬֮˵ܣҪϴ𣿡
ǧӦһȻڿԼֵʱɫ΢Ļ㱣˹𣿡
ϷзȣСȷ, ̽˽ҽСȶ֮뿪ġ˵ʱǧ㲢ûвɫͺ֪һ㡣
ǧ㿴Լ֣Ծ񻹲ִݵĸо
Сأ ǧ˿ڡ
˷ǧĿڣɫ䲢û̫仯, شΪСѾȥСڵѧУ, ڽѾصԼķӡ
ǧ뵽һߵļҡ
Ϊʲô֪ͨңǧЩá
ΪյԵ̷ҩкаߵĳɷ, Է˯߲ױ, Ҳ˵Ҫ˵˯ߺҪ, Ҫ
ǧıǻˣΪԼ뷨ûз
ϴ֮ǧһϵͳϢȻȴϵͳȻļ¼, Ȼûз¼ܽ
ǧпһϵͳΨһעľֻй, ѵ˵ʲô
Сǰȫ𣿡ǧʵ
ǵģ˵˾
ǧֵΣϵͳʾʲô˼
˾
ڼǧʱ򣬷ǧѾװ䡣
룬ڴ˷ǧʲôڣһ˻зܵ÷̷
ǧ۾ֲԾȭʲô
Էǧ˿εĽţڵģ̷СһֱջСʱĹϵ
ǧ֮˲ȥ滺ı˲
ɫƽĸʱ̷ССõͬѧΪɺСģ佱Сһֱжұʾ˶СĹĺ͵ǣ˵ϣиõĹϵϣСܹе⡣
ǧ𽥵³ٻύԼ̷ȷһóΪԼıøõˡ
ҲǼӵİټʾ˵ʽǧеһһȾǧԼָ˶Ϊ
ʱ̷С㻹ҪСûؼңϣܽõĹϵڵƽ÷ǧƽ޹ʵ˼ֻǧܹⲢû˵ĺ֮в²⵽̷ԼĻȥġ
ڵûȫ˽ʱļ̲ƣ׶ҡҲǳײͬģټԼͷ̷Ĺϵǳпܻ롣
ǧɫ䣬жǶԼȻ˯Ĺڳڡ
ôܻ÷̷óѡ
̷ĸҴ⣬ҪʼѷûõĻɫȫ޳ԼĹ˾֮ˡ
Ԫ
Ҳܡ
װǧãϵͳ⵽󣬲ƫ뷨ǧ侲ϵͳʱǧȡ
һʱ̹۲ŷǧ㣬ǧ״þҪǰȥο
ǧָѾģΪ̫Ѩһһʹİ±Ū֮ķŭҪͻǡ
ȻСܾˡ
ϵͳҪеҲûʲôס
ǧͻȻԼķŭ˼άлعգգ۾оԼǲˣո˵ʲô
Сܾ˷̷С飬Կ̷С͵¥֮󣬲źһصС˵ĺƽǧ㼸һֱԹ˾еϢɴ˸˵
˵׵㡣ǧ˵
˾ټ̧һۣߴټ˼֮ɫһѧʱ˵ģУѧ컹ÿ˶أһȥ㻹˯˯ˣ
ǧ㣺 ״֮£˵ֻ
˾һߣɴ龰Ȼ̷С˵˰ﵽףô;һѰҽİ£ҵĺ󱲣ĺܵ
ԼգŬḻı飬ƺѧԻı飺öˣҿ϶úչҶչ˷ܣⲻǸðҿ϶չ˵ĺܺãĵǶġ
ǧ㣺
͵͵Ʋ۵𽥸һ˿ǳǳЦ⡣
ÿ춼æµΪСҪһæġʱ̷˵
ܵĲһߵ·࣬۶˰ɣ˵
㲻һҺó˶һҪСЩ̷˵
һֲ֪ô˵ı飬ѧĺΩΩФʱС˵Ҳôɡ
ǧ㣺
һûסЦһ
ǧͷһָۣ̻ƽʱׯı顣
ǧǸӣﻹиոհգʱǸȻأ
ڲѧˣƽ˵С˵Ȼ֪ԼСԹϽȥϢôȥһչʱ̷ССĽ飬ᡣ
ǧ˳õĳĬ֪ˣȥ׼׼һȥϰˡ
ںһʱ۽ǺŵЦ˵ǵûͦ
һܳĬɫҲԵмָӣȷƽʱûмǵôֻǵʱС˵仰ʱ̷СıһֱܾʣҲɵĶധĦһ¡
̲סЦˣɵЦ಻ϣ·Ӷ˶Ͷ˺񣬺ټܼЦôġ
αѧĺ񡣡΢˲۽ǵᡣ
ǵʱְɡ˾˵ʱԼ鼫ȸӡ
ջָƽĿ˾˵㿴˹ֱˬɵĽ˿Ľأ
˾ûб̬Ҳ
̾˿ҵϣǹģҲӦǸġ
˾ܳĬȫ²֮УԼı֡
ǧ˾ȥϿŴ̫ͻȻֻ֮ʣһƬƽ
ԼеķŭȫɢԼĵĺȫ˶࣬ȫ㹻İȫУÿλɶһ
ʱĻǲǺܲ
дпǧָûεķ֣һһ£ӯ࣬˿ûκ档
ϲǧһηԵãԵ֮Уǧİ˰ȫУõԵΪ͸㣨
װǧã⵽ǧͬԵľԶʱȽϳʵСʤ»顯ƳأΪȷУǧͬԵض룬õϵͳʾǧʱע롣
ʵǧʵ棺˼ɼǧ㾡Զɣ
һ˲䣬ǿҵ˼ӿ
ǧ㣺


113 
ǧ֪ϵͳϲ, ֻû뵽ֿܱϵͳʵľʵǹڿ, ڷǧ㻹ܻһβʵľȾء
ֻһϲǧ㵽ڻ²ϵĴڵѾ޷Ƶĵز
Ǹߣɾȴȫ޷ܡ
ǧҧţߵǿҵȱȫеĸоҪĥˡ

뿴Լߵģ
Ҫ壬ҪůԼ
ǧֻߵ綼ʧȥ˹ĵֱڷһĴۣǧ㵹ԼΪ߼Ҫˡ
ôǿҵ˼, ɷǧȴ޷κεߵ뷨ȫϵͳˡ
ǧӴͷȡ͸ڶдֻרŸصİҪַԼ˼顣
ǧڳȥϰʱȴ˼ȫ޷˶ֹͣ, ڳʱû֮ԼǺ֮, ѡ
, ǧ̲סóֻ, ͨ˵绰
ʱϵԼ״̬Σգܻ֮ܿԼԸ, ϴһ
绰ͨˣǧʶס˺˵ι, ţ
һ˲÷ǧͷʲôѸٵըû˯ѵ, ȥֱһ㣬ǧ޷Կصȥڵģ
ǧ˵ǧӶӣûע⵽Լ˵ʲô𣿡
ʱڼʻϵ˾ɫ쿴һۺӾޱĿ·Ѿر˶䡣
ȥƺҲЩ˼˯̫ˣӦ˵ǽϲ˯ġ
ǧڵ״߲ݵڲչлȴıȻҪľ
ԭֻǶǶеĲ˶ôľ
ǧЩѹ˵ֻҵı𣿡
ʱ˾԰ѳٽ˾ı鲻νӣȴһְֱܾĿǰԼһעⱻǧĽŵĲš
ƺҲû뵽ǧ˵ֻжݵͣ١
ΪͣٷǧֻԼίˣԼ߶˼ɼԷȴһܵĻ᲻ø˵ǲǲӦ
ǣԡʱŻع˵Ȼǰ£Ǳ˴˵Ψһ
ƽʱȥĻڷǧžǾر޲ٶ˵һ㡣
ǧ۾ӵ绰ͷĸоҺ㡣
û˵ż𣬡Ǹðˣ߲֪᲻ҲȾˣȷԺٻȥ
ǧ㲻䷳˵֮ոնµܳƺ㲻һֱΪô롣
չ˺ҲİƺҲЩشŷǧ㡣
˾ͣ˹˾ĵ³⣬˺üۺӾǧʱźټЦݵɫȫ۵ףʱ˾𽥿˵С˼һһ·ǧ㡣
ܣ˾ѾˣѾˡ
˾Ļ˷ǧĳͻȻ֮˶ѣոȫûûƤĺ˵Ļڻصڶߣǧ̶Ե绰ͷ˵ҹ˾ˣ˯һ°ɡ
Ŷ
ĵ绰Ҷˡ
ǧ˶ݵĳĬС
ʱ֪ӦôֳԼκͶԼΪĺڡ
ǧԵĸܵԼϵ˶жϣȻʧУΪڵ绰жĵİο̫ࡣ
ĵ绰Ǹ©˶ıעˮһ֧һĸо
Ҳ˷ǧҲ侲һЩˡ
뵽Լոڵ绰ежôɴ͵ز࣬˿˼Χ˾ֱӽбԷԼţǧͻȻԼ߶ʵжʧĸɸɾˡ
ǧһ뵽ʵſ˸ͷ;ǰһڡ
һ˾˾ıһƽ·ΧһжֻֻԲģ
Աֳľȡǧ뿿ڳϻԼεڱ˾ƽ޲ϣõ˾ľȣҲεĹ
ͦȵġ˾ϵֻҲûʲôã
һ㶼ҡǧ㻹ǵõʱԼʵʱСı飬˾ӦҲˡ
ˡ˾ȻڸпƽԷǧصԸ仯û̫ϣеʲôֻǼˡ
ǧ̾˿ûһ³Զ򿪣ѾСӭӡ
Ҷ˵绰ڴϣӶǷǧ˵ʱΪֻͨԵȥᣬˮϷһ͡
ǷǧԸ񣬹ˡ
ֻϮű˯˹ȥ
ٴʱŵ˿дĵζ㯵ĿܣİװȫӦ
𣿡ſڴһ˯µĽСŮվſڣţ˵㶫԰ɡ
ôӴ־ͿԺԴȥܶԷ¶ȣ̫ˡ
󣬾;ˣԼһ£ҲˡŽߵס˺ȵ˻ȥ˵Ͽ϶ɣ
ðɣôࡣչ˷ǧǶʱȷС׼ˣҹҲһˡ
ǡȻһֱ˯ûиоģһֱչҡǵԼ۾ܿ߰뿿ڼ£Ĳϲþƾϸıëз£Ϊ˯Ķ϶ģÿߡ
ûϣʵôǷ̷չ㣿
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷ
鸴ӣ˰컹˵ô˵˼ҲǰæͷԶٷһ¸л
ȥ̷飬
ͷͺСȥǽ̬ʮ㣬ӾϾײʱ΢գʶ֮Žн㣬ȷǺܿɰ
ȥԵ㶫ϢɣͷѧУ绰٣ڼϢ죬úŸðܿܺá˿Ѿõһٷˣ۾һ˺ܰȥϴһԷ
뵽ж˵ղΪ˷̷רžա
ôͱ˷̷ء
ͷ䣬洫ˮͻȻ΢壬һȦ˱ڱֻ
ʾšܡ֣򴽣ôܵİˣΪʲôеô֣
˭ĵ绰ͻȻðùֻһ
ǵģ㣬ûصҪֻ˼лˣ㿴ĶƽʱԸ񣬿϶
û£ˣûӵ赭дĻصԤϵĺںֻüëһ¶ֲ֮ɫףʮϢ
̧ͷʮϢ
˭ģ


114 
ôϢԼҲܾ, ǧûµԸ񣬺ٺϢ, ʲô¶ֱӽеȥ
ʮϢէһȥô࣬ŷǧԸЩϢʵǺܾ㤡
һ۾˶ʮϢݣȻʵЩϢûκݿԣ𣿡˯𡯡û𡯡𡯵һûκԣһϢ͵Ҳûκʱɿԣͷ·뵽ʲôͷʲôһ
Ȼǧ˵绰ȴûд򿪵ڶӦòرҪҪ
Щɻ, ЩϢ㯡
㲻ȥ𣿡һСʵ
򡣡ֻֿһᡣ
ȥ׼һ꣬ڲϵ㡣뿪
գգ۾Լĵø˼ֺø, ˭ϲһɫء
˴, ǧ㲦ͨ˵绰, Ȼһʾûȫ, 绰ͱӵ绰Ҳ¶˾֮ɫ
ܡʶĿڡ
ǧƽʱûеѹˡ
ɸĿڣš
ǧ̴ܶٵӦһ, ƺƺ죬ȻӦԺ绰˳Ĭ֮С
Ҳϰ˷ǧĳĬʵ, ʲô˽𣿡
ǧûлشͣƬ̺˵Թ𣿡
Ҫ, ˣҲˣ˶˶˳緹ڵȥԷء ڴߣŴ̨Ȼڵĳԭļͥȫһɴ̨ȴһģŴ̨ϤĳͻȻһԼںԼ͵͵绰ĸо
ķǧʵ
Ӧ
𣿡ǧʵ
еɣһ˯ȥˣڻͦġӡ
ȥ԰ɣԱ㡣ǧ˵֮ĩβһ䣬
ɫ΢죬Ӧ֮ŹҶ˵绰ŵ绰ȴͻȻһεĵ绰û˵κݡ
֮ǰĶʮϢѵľֻ뷢Ϣ 
ղݷһζȽظһζȽ嵭Լ
㻹רݷһ໵ĳһ߻⻹ûд󲡳Ϳʼ̫˰ɣóԡ
ݷɣֻһֳһ֣Ȼ¼һЩ϶ѡϸµĳԼ࣬һ׼׷
̫ϸˡԵ̾
¶˼ֲ˼Цݣӹ¶Ժĺӿ϶ܻչԼοҲǽһֱչңһرһ½ҲӦõġ
һ׷ԭ˽ôһСʹ治ףһ뵽Сʹδɵ׵¶Щͷۡ
Ҳ˵е鶼ҪȫĵȥرġܵԸֻԭһȥ̷ŪʱϣԼıƽ̷ŭͳޣԼδԭ
㣿 ЩԻգգ۾
û˻ΪʲôʱıҪرκҪرˣǺˣԻ飬ǧǧҪԼȥرҪ˽һ㡣ͼ
Ȼ˵ʲôʵһ𣿡
һ㶣ôˣ
㵱ͻȻ˵ԺǵӲóˣȻͼ޸˷ܲ𣿡ͷɫЩãȻ㲻Ϊϲܼ޸ģǷһʼҪĲ 
һ˵£ѵ˵ʵǧԭ飬ԭͼıǧĲƲлǷǧҪǡŰ
ԭѵǱǧǿȵ
ͻȻ֮ͱˢۡ
ڣԷ̬ܵԲͬˣҲڿʼܷܣڡԼȥر𣿡ЩģЩʧ䣬۵׿ǳǳİˣǰʳһֱҪõģһֱ׷ڡ
ѾԵĸɸɾʳɫԭǰǲ
ģ˺öࡣеĿӣ𴦣㣬Ȼܶ㶼ҵģǡǡǲǷڡأ
ס
㯡
ΪʲôõĽۣ
侲ϸΪʲô뷨
Լܳʱ䶼ûҹʱҲΪԼɵʱ䰡Բ
ѵԼ˶ԷǧˣҲûкܾȰ
̽ԵʵΪʲôóĽۣ
ָսַſ˵ֻԼļ˯һѣǷȴ˶ʮϢÿ춼æµΪ˹Ϊ壬ɼҲҪʱƽ㣬ǽѵǡ
Խ˵Խô£𽥵ľΪԼǲ̫ܵίʱʣҧס´˵ȥˡ

ȥˡ
ǵġصԻ·̼ĺܣ˰첻֪ôֻͣ˵ʵϲǧģһҲ͵Ϣˡ
µ˵ԸģûʵСЩġ
һֱǸϲġ
СŮһԶһʮϢֱӰɱǧˡ
˼Ƭ˵ûȥ棬һסأ
סˣ۾΢΢󣺡ʲô
סﷴҲһˣֱӻ棬ܾҡһ⡣
ԼӴĶˣͷǧദģʽܱԽ
ܰһֱƤӵ¿ܣñ̷ߡ
ǳƶԼһʱð£ͷǧ໥أ໥ĽǾѵദģʽ˵ͥǷҪĸǷֻҪԼͷǧ㹻ˣҲܸŤİһ浼
۵ǲţ㣬˵𣿡
һƭ㲻ɣ
ǽ㲻һֱϣҺͷܽӴ𣿡𾪡
Ҵˡĳ˵ǰһֱ㵱һӿҲףһĳĺӣʲô֪һֱﵣֱԣܰģҲܳɳ
һһӿûпޣֻۿдתתȥֿɰ
ǲǣ֤˽㣬Ѿۿˣʡ
ʲôһ㶡
ȻȴЦˣֿЦģڲҵˣĺܸˡ

֪Լһֱڱԭ
鸴֡
ͻȻ뵽Լûоǧͬ⡣
ΪʲôһʱӦˣ
еڡ
ǧ㷢һϢղŶԺҲ
̽̽
ǧֻرʾһ˲ֻ
Ӷķǧ㿴Ϣ۾
ղʲô˼
˵
˵ڼּң𣿿׬Ǯ
ΪʲôҪҫѵ˵˵
ǲǲˣ
ǲǡ
СĿŷǧıڴһ·»ɫ
͵͵ͷװû
žણǧеıʵϡ
ǧԽԽʹձʣֲˡ


115 
ǧ㹤ʱ̲ס, ʼÿϰʱڵҲʱضܿĵطͺˡ
ڵҲеĶͺˡ
ڵ, ڸжһҪĶУѿϲãĿʼǿԼɡ
ǧ㼴Ŭȥ侲Ŀᣬֻһֱûд뿪
°֮ǰͻȻֻرʾ𣬷ǧ̵ͷ򿪣Ϣ
һֿʼˡ
ǧ㿴ֱܵľͿʼ˼ʵ飬ԼĲˣȴʼչһŮˡ
ǧָ, 󷢳ȥֻ֣
ıİˣΨһΪʲôҪʱ뿪ΪʲôһҪָǣ
СƵĻͷƽʱĮŮȴ¶͸¶ֿĸо, ֮жıˡ
СԼԺиֵݴʼĴһ, ͷһ۱ƽ޲˾, СһȻǲԼ۾⡣
ΪʲôڷܵϿڱСı飿
ò׵լ, ǧ㱻ˣ˾ųȥС
ڷǳ侲СͻȻע⵽ж, ͷһȻǷǧ㵱ʱڿϡ
ܾȻûߣǧɴǴκζԷǧ˵κҪ˷ʱ侫ȥ鶼ǲ
˾˳٣ǺҪĶ𣿡
̫Ҫ, ֻǽûļ
Ҫͻȥ𣿡 ˾ʵ
Сжǵǣ һֱڹ״̬Чر, ƽʱȫһֳʲô𣿡
˾ĿһСӦֻЩ仯㲻õģļҪĻ㵽֮ȥ
Сļõʻϣһ£˵㻹Ǵȥɣһֱϲѹڶȥķܵôˣܾú֡
˾ޱĿǰûָо
ôûأ͸оܽľ״̬кܴ⡭ СЩ˽ĵѯʣôأ֡͡ǣӵĸо
˾ıһûʲô仯˰ɡ
𣿡 Сü
˾͵͵бһۣʵС̸𣿡
ûУ̸ҸϣǶ׬ǮСü䣬ÿǿȵĹʵҲЩƣ
л̸ɣʱҲġ˾˵
ллĽ顣СȻҲֻǿͷлһ£˿ûзϵ˼
ǧԹеĹľ͵˷ҪϢ
𽥺תϻѾͻˣĴ̫̫ĺôΪĴڣѾܾöûиܹʹʧߵĸоˡ
ǽʧˡ
ʧߵĺ
ȥô˯š
ԺһֱתߵʱĻ䣬ȫ˼ԽԽ룬ǧǵһƷµȻʹҪʹࡣ
пģһ뵽ȻԼί˫ɬȻҪ޵ĳ嶯
ҪҪõϢ޴Ӱŵ˼ͿҪĥˡ
ǧ̾˿ӴתƵϣȥ˸ڡ
ķڣװ޵µķŸոտʼΪܲԹֻڵİ춯
˼򵥹滮ķ䣬ȻʦĳͼѾˣǡ
ǧҳͼһֱ޸ƣҪʲôģҪʲôģҪôӸ
ǧûκƵľ飬ֻͼֽϸĸĻȴйĽͼֽһơ
ȫûκ˼뷨
Ψһ˼ľֻ
ǧоԼҪˣҪʲôתעֺް취
ĺҪɱȥð͸ð㲡ֲܲˡ
ǧһһķ¼ͻȻϢ
ܺóԣרᵽһ㡣
ǲǾ֤ϲأ
ǧڿ֮У̧ͷ
ǧѧϰʲôܿ죬Ҳжص֪ͬûרҵѧϰȴֵܳĽԼʦһûκͣ͵״̬
ųڵһѲϤĶǧĵһһĲ鿴
緢ʱҪҵκζֻҪסĶͻ׺˳֡
ǧӱҵҪʳģֿʼ
ÿһٶȫƵ֮еݽУ׼еĲ裬ʳＸƵеûκβࡣ
Ȼǧ㿴ǰʳһʳڿУζʵȻרҵĳʦ˺ܶ࣬ǲѳԡ
ǧϸϸľ׽ȴͻȻԭط㶡
֪ϲʲô
еʱ䣬ڸԼϲĶ֪Լܳʲô֪Լʺϳʲô֪ĶһѯС
Լأ
ǧͻȻԼȻûȥ˽ϲá
ȥ滮µң˵ףΪϲİˡ
ϲʲô
ϲϷ
֮أ
ǧ㿴ǰɫζȫĲȣȴûκҪʳ
ò
һõİ¡
ôãһᷳİɣ
ԽԽܣΣ뿪˳
ǧ޷Ƶĵ䣬֪֮ȻϷſڡ
ֻ°֣ܹ򿪣ʱãȴ޷ûŵϰߡ
ǧ뵽ռ֮УɫϷĵɢ΢Ĺâ
ѾӶʰĸɸɾȫûб˯ĺۼɷǧ㿴ŴԺȴֳ˲˯ģ
Ƕ˵ʵѺõĹĴϣñ콫Լµĵζڴϣߵĸоǧ⡣
һͷڻУǧôݵƣȴǻԼĸо
ڣǧ㲥˵绰
ι Ӷ洫
ǧ˫ۣߺ˵
ţôû˯дŹĵ𱸣ɲôϿȥ˯
𣿡ǧĺֻܲĴڣ޷ġ
ôܡοַˣҵö࿴Բûһֱ㷢Ϣ
ǧ򴽣β
Ͽȥ˯ɣ岻ܰҹڹˣòãʵ
ǧûлش
Ƭ̺̽ԵʵǲȻͨŵ绰ɣҲҶϵģ˯ɡ
ǧ΢΢˫ۣƺû뵽ְ취
ûгȴĬϡ
˫ۣ绰ͷʱʱĻᷢһЩ΢֪ʲô
ֻҪ޷˯ķǧ㣬ȴΪĶڷ񾭣޷ƣ˯˹ȥ
ͬʱը˹
ܲˣĵһʱ̴۾ֱӴӴҹ𣿡
ҡһԵСӶ˼ĿˣֵȥģûܣһֱûоӦǷԼжġ
ʲôط侲ʵ
Ӷϸϸ˼ط
أ
Ӷ˵ͷˣǷʧһС
Ȼͣס˽ŲʧڼУ
ûǴĻΨһһؿĵطǡ
ɣ


116 
ǧʧ, Ҷը˹û˯ȫ, ȥЩңһȥ鷢ַǧ㲻ڵӶۼԼѲҹʱ˶˶Ҫ޳ˡ
ܼңڳһոõĲˣЩ¶ȣǳʦ˵ûͻȻͿл㱨ͷȥ˳
ڵϰڷһȣлŲȵƮ㣬ǵˣϲʳ
Ȼʳ߲, ȥûʲôƫãҲȷԼĿζģȻܹСϸڼס˳˳ʦ
ֻϲ鿴˼طϢҵ˶ҳǰֵҹȴûַǧȥ, ȻЩڷҹ̫, ʱһˡ
˶ȥϢɡȷ˼֮, ˵, ҷĵĻȥϢɣû¡
Ȼû֪˵֪ʲôط˶ܽŵĲұֳ, Ȼô˵ˣȻҶԻȴǻȥˡ
Ͼ˵ĻҶʮŷ
, ǳ˷֮ĵڶˣ˵Ĺʶ
˶뿪֮, ΢һͷԼȥΪׯͷзǧʧĵط
վһǰҲЩӣļһֱûаװװǷǧûʾװ
ҪһŮһȫ˽˵Ŀռһ
£û˻شֱѹŰѣȻǿŵġ
˶ѾǧƢԣȻ˶Ϊǧ
Ϸʱõĵط
ΪҪչûлϷĴϾȻ¡һȥȻһɧҵ˹ǧ㡣
´ҶΪǧרܵ˯ɣͺǳûϢ޷˯һ
ǧ㿴ȥ˯Ĳ̫һֱüͷǧ岻ãҲĹͷʱ˯ڹĴϻʹĴǾҽԺƵģ˯Ŀܲ
ˣǧȴԼԼĴС
ϲܶͷĴЩͷȫǧݳһȦΧϸ޳ĴʱţȥȻмֿ
ܸӣգȴ֪ӦʲôжϻȽϺá
ǧ鲻ãһõ˯߻岻ãڡһһȰǧ뿪ŴǧӲõĸо
һηѡ
ͻȻע⵽ڷǧĴͷͨеֻ
ڸҪȷһͨԷİ˾Ͳˡ
ڿͨʱ򣬱̬ƽ͵¶˲ɫ
ιʱӶӴ
ˡѹ˵
̾˶Էôӵ绰ˣѾ˯𣿡
ǵģڡͻȻסոջ˯ķǧͻȻ˫ֱۣĿֱӽסˡ
Ȼ״̬е֣ǼǵöעעܵҲصѹ³ֻ˯ķǧһ
õģ֪ˡŷǧ˫˵
ʲôǵøҰҲǲʡµģַˣ⺢˵ǰôһڵġżε̾Ϣչ˷ǧ㣬ʵͦչ˵ġ
סŷǧȥ˫ۣʶ˿ڿˮܵȽ⡣
ǰҲε˵ڷǧߵʱҿǰ㶼ҵ
ھúĻҿԸһλӶ˹ȥæչˣҲ˯þ˵
ˣ˹治ôУҿɲˡĻ˵꣬ԲǧЩ
ܵǻһֱעġҶϵ绰ܾ÷ǧƺҶϵ绰ӲͷƤվԭӲġ
Ȼô˵ϵ⻹ǶӹעġЩɻ˵ܲһֱôϲϢ𣿽ҷ˺ܶϢҶɵˡ
ʼð亹ǿʼԹ𣿿ڷǧԱһֱš
ܿǱȽϵֻʮּ尾
֪ҵĵĲ˵ͣһ£ǲʲô˵ˣ
һзܵĿǡּǧϡ÷ǧ˵ʲôֻһֱû˵ϣ̽Ե˵硭
ǧ΢Լ˵ˡ
ҿ϶ȥģѸðȾܾͲˣǸм£Сĵʵ
亹乣ǰôûô໰أ
ҡ̽ԵʵҿɲԴһ˻طң
˲ʲôԭո˵ôʵ̽̽Ŀڷ磿
˵С𣿡ֱʵȻЩԲЩԻȻȫǧ˹ȥˡ
ѽϾãô˵أҶͷǧˣҲϵļҰɣҺϾΨһĽãǻؼҵĻҲҵļұȽϺðɣ֪еƤԾ㡣
ǧ΢ı¶ɢ
˵
ļң
ǧҡֵʱĿֻһǳǳů
ǰԼõļȴܲůͰݣȴû뵽һϵһ仰һʻУᵽˡ
ģ̌ͷȻòôش˵ͷᡣ
ҵķӺܶ࣬Ӷж䷿ֻҪС㲻̫ڣ÷ܵĹأסȻû⡣
Ǹ鷳ӣֻе㲻ʹǻⲻ󡣡
ĻˣǷҵĵڶŮˣķԸǶȫҪ˼ǣҽʲôѯңʵֱѯʷܡ
ðɡȥˣǡҹˣ
ովԼ˿Թҵ绰ˣȴͻȻǧһĨȫйĻҡ

ǲҵ绰˼
ĿŷǧıӽԼųһ֮ȫ˵ֲ˵ڴȫûмķǧһʱ֮Լ¶СŮ̬ķǧ㣬ԼΡ
 ̱ű飬ʵǲڷǧǰ¶εɫֱͨŵ绰ɡ
ǡ ڶˡ
пһ
ʲô𣿡ʵ
ҾһֻûΪϵǧһ춼ûֻѾֻ1%ĵ˵ģϾҪػˡཡཡཡ
ֻеæֻ˲ͷƤ顣
̧ͷӷǧ۾￴޴롣
ͷ·ʧȥ˵绰ϵ˵Ǽȿֲһ㡣
һǿķܼ绰ĹҶ϶ѹ塣
ȥͳǧƽȣƽ²ű䡣
£Ȼܣȥҡ
ȥͳǧȻתһĽ׸

֪ò˵ȥͳĻǧû˯鲻ͱ¶ڵĹ̫ˡ


117 
Ȼڷ, ҲڷգһֱԱ߿, ĸ滻´ʩ
ֻѾûˣһߣ²һ¡
±ϵʮ˶ߣüͷ
ٰڱѾյͨ죬ľѡ
üͷͻȻͷʵ𣿡
㶣Ȼյץһ£о, Ǻ
̾˿¹񣬴ѰһЩȽϺ·
㣿ĺ
ȥҽԺԼֽչСӴ·һȻʶ, ˼ûκ֧, ġ
ŵʱ㰲, һԲ̬ˡ
ﲻʵ
ͷ, ¡ʵ˵
£Լֻûˣֻֻ, ԼȥҽԺ
ͬʱͻȻһ绰˽ıעüιܼң
ڶ˵, ȥܻҪһ
ڹ㵽ʲôطˣȻЩȡ
һ£ҵСſڴŻҪʮӡ
㿪𣿡ʵ
ԡ
ڴ¥ȥ, 鷳һȥҽԺеء
˽侲˵֪ˣڱȽ۵ĵطҡ
ڴǰұ㡣
ܵļ¶ǰʱ΢΢һ㶣õĽ㣬Ҿͺˣҿ·ġ
ȴǴߴٵϿ죬һܼҾˡ
ܼңΪմתȻһʱ벻ܼ˵˭ɲ˵ȣſıϡ
˱ֻźܺ·Ҳܸܵߵ¶ȣɣҵɴˣģȵúܣԲˤ
գգ۾ſĺϣоԼߵĲζܣһֱ֪ԼĽ㲢һǿ׳ˣȴʮֵİġ
ΪԼº̵ԵʣϾȻм⣬ź紵΢΢˫ۿֻл谵ƹСȴһҲú䡣
˼ά߰㣬֪ôСѧʱдģĿĸףʱûĸ׵ԼѧűдĸױԼȥҽԺʱʼնܶЩ龰ͬܡ
ڣͻȻˡ
ǶôΰĸȴҲԼӵ֤
ܾöûˣΪֻ֪¡
ĵսĺ˵㣬ǲǺأ
Ļش޷Ƶķ
أĺʲôƵģԺԵ㣬ʺ˾Ͳܰ԰ɡպڰһ׵ĺӡ
ʱǴģǲκ鷳ȴˣǷޣû۾˫۸ܱ¸Ϊ̵ˮ˳۽һһεġ
̲ס顣
ڴһЩֽߩԼֽ˵
΢΢۾ˮϣȴΪĻ˼ֺЦֹȻԼĿڴкֽܶ
ıϣݺݵߩ顣
Ҳһ
ʱͼվ·ߣ΢΢ƫͷں˵ʱʱİϵһߣһġ
ȵ³ϳſʼȥҽԺ
ֱϸȥµҽԺѾкˡӺӾ￴һһȫһĽãöͷĶ¡
ԣҲܿһ㡣˿˳ȻҶ֪ôˡ
Ĭ
ͻȻʵϵģΪʲôҪܹͳ첻𣿡
شֻϲꡣܵҪͳҪ
Ҳ˾˵ֵ˾𣿡ʵ
ľɫϲΪ
ƶǶͷҲˡ
ࡣû˵ٻȷǲ࣬ͷǧÿ¸Ĺ˵ķǳˡ
һֱļϣԳ֮ƣ΢죬˵ѾЩڳݲ塣
һֱںһһǳģ˵һЩĻ˿һһش
еע˿ϣһֱ֪۰۰ʵҲ޶ȣһֱкԵĿڿ
Ƕп˳ųŵģֱҪʲô͸ʲôһ
ҽԺһȦûзʲôֻǴĸðնѣҽֻǹ˸ˮסԺ
˿Һң˷֮ߣһѾļ˯ˡ
գգ۾
ˣûʲô¾͸Ͽȥģȴˡ
ôˣҲȥϢɡֻѾĳһԳ˵磬ҵȵҺʹȥˡ
ʵΪʲôסԺ
ҽסԺ˵
ֻҪ˵Ϳ԰ŲϾǷԼµҽԺȫûбҪԼá
˵õġ¶˼εɫ˵ѲҪˡ
˵
󡣡ЦЩΡ
̾˿
⻹ôϿȥ
ǵþܷһЩϢ˵ţֲһ䣬ھͷһ෢ɡ
ʲôգգ۾
ʲôԣʲôʲôȤ۸ˣ˿㣬ȫԷֻЩۣһڰ̸Ĵ
۾
΢΢ƿ
òǷİɣɵ
֪Լϻ͵ڳˡ
ǲǾ˰ʵоΪе㷴ǵﷴ˵

ʱҶ̲סǲ˰ȻҿЦ̲סЦ

ɣ
֮ǵöͷܻ㱨һĽüһ㡣ޱ˵ǲˣɷʱ޿̶ǲˡ

Ŀ뿪ͷһѾȫ˯ȥ˳õĳĬ֮С
ֲȥʮǧ
ô
ǧ㷭˸ܾûģΪһֱ˯õѾʼһЩı֣˿ֵþɲ
ѾϰڿԼɷǧ㷢ȫ޷ֵ˼
ͻȻֻдһϢرʾǧ۾һȻֶĲֻ
Ѿȥ˺ܾˣ˶ˣŸϢ϶ǶͲģ
ַ˵ڶϢǧɴñͷֽ뿴Ĳˣ־ȥԵûй
ǧ֪ԼɣƲԼ
ץֻ뿴ܺ˵ʲô
ǵǸҲ˲ǡ
һ
ǧ㿪ûдƽʱһʮϸ΢ߡ
΢Ҳͣģߵૡ
ɵİ
ǧĪ
ˣ̫ˡ
ǧ㱧ֻ㿪ܴһ㣬˯ʡ


118 
ǧʱ, ɫѾ״ˣǧ㿴˴Ӵķ϶ҫ, Եжһʱ䡣
ȻΪҹЩƣɾϻãֻǹѾϰʱܾˡ
ǧԱһֱûп˵ڿ˵Ϊʲôң
ҲҪģ˵һֱû˯һҪ˯һ岻ãһҪ֤Ϣе鱾ϣϹϾ˵
˵, ǧգ۾
Ϊʲôǧٴʵ
Ϊһֱãһϵİҹܻܿ⣬ǰΪ˷ֹͻȻ˵룬ɴಹһ, Ҳѵġ
ǧǻ᲻뵽, 㲻ԼȴҲʱ, ޷Ƶůڷӿ
ǧ㼴ϰٵҲκк, Ͼ˾ϰǻиָҪæµ廹ûҽԺΨһԷǧȥе˾ֻС
ǧٵ, ֱӴ˻飬ѯ֮õĴ𰸾Ȼ˯
ǧˣǰδеСǲӦ, ͺȱķǧѾԽԽһһ
С̲ס̧ͷѾ˾ķǧ㣬ȻԷɫ糣, ֻҪһļɣһɣǧͱȻ̧ͷֻ
ʱʱķһϢûյϢ˾ͻ쳣ʧ䡣
С޴Ȼ֪ǧڵȴϢƵĿֻһĻŮȫûǧκ̹
ܿ쵽ݵʱ䣬Сվȥʳһĸǧ׼ǧ˽˵ʳû뵽žײһŮԱ
ôˣ С΢΢üôԵܰ칫ˣ
˵ܵܵģոʾܣֱ ŮԱ̽͵ȥǺ˾İȨС
Сüͷ΢壬ŮԱеӹת˷ǧߣʱӷǧİ칫ﴫ
˵ڴһϵĵƿ֮ھһֱûٷˣҩ֮Ļ
СܿǧʮظһΣʱЦݡ
ܣ СϣԲǧ̹رֻĶɻعͷʱ۾ԶϲöȫС˸͸
Сɫܹ죬˶ȴʲôû˵
ȻĻʱ򣬷ǧһţȻСȴ֪ǧ㵽˼ʲô
ܣأС̲סֱӺͷǧ˵ΪСʻҶ
ʱǧ΢΢̧˫ͱҪͫ׽СĵӰסϤѹȸСԾĽ
ͻȻ֮СͺˣԼڻʲôڻɷǧ
ֻǷǧǵΪֹǧĹûгְļҲһѪָȥ˵Ǿ񱻷ɢ˵ƽʱҪϬ˺ܶࡣ
󻮵ʱкúõ𣿡ǧջ˿СĿ⣬˵һҪһԡ˼ΪĹ棬ǵӲҵͷһβ򵥵ĺԷǧŻİ塣
ʱҺܰڽpptԱ̲Լ˼ά
⡮˼𣿡ǧգ˫ۣ߾ȫҪһȴòʱɬ˼𣿡
ʱ˶̲ס˷ǧ㣬һ׼ҵţЩ黳Ķ׷ǸߵƷʣΪʲôͻȻҪ׷黳ˣ
޷ ȴ˼ǸҲͬ˼㣬޷ֻÿһΣÿһϸ϶ܸܵߵĹػҪģǱҪƷɣ жжȽҪĻҪȥģ
ǧ˵˺ܶ࣬ȻڳԱĶ¡
ͷǧ·ȫһ
ǧϬĵǵЩ֮ҪθӾõȥǻһȫĸ
Ȼ鶼ģܾ÷ǧָ㣬ڷйʲôһǴ
ż޸ģ˶ĿŷǧɫԽԽڣȥʱᷢ쭵ĳ̶ȣ˾¶սս
Ȼ˭û뵽ڸԷĳɹԷȻڿ֮һͬˡ
̫ˣܡ̫ˡ ʱеԱܸˣôĹڵõ˶ԷϿɣǿͷ˵˶ҹ˾û뵽Ǻ
ѽû뵽ܾȻôϸһ棬ҴˣΪܶⷽ沢ϤģͻȻͷʼŵˣôעһ޸ģʲôı㣡
ڷǳİûڣҵʱΪ˵Щˣǣжһģʲô˼ʲôöûĶû뵽ԭΪȴû뵽Ȼ˸ж
˾ĲŶںŷǧһι֮еǿָȻһͻȻʵںöˣܵûкһ㰡֮ǰܵ鲻ر𲻺ǵ˾ȥҷܡ
ͻȻ
ǧûá
ǧֻԼˡ
Сվǰɫ΢ǸܣҡҾȻˣôӦûġ 
ǧɫܺڣѾڵˡ

ûл
û
ˣ
ˣ
ѵļ𣿣
Ϊϵͳbuffԭǧ㲻ȥѰҪǧѪ
ʱ޿̲ȴȫκжץӷεĸоǷǧûиܹܡ
ǽŹ˵Լ˼ͬǩˣȻûл
Сɫοܣÿοӵиǿһ棬ҶΪȡ
СʼΪǧֻڹˡ
ǧôȻǲܼд˽ĽĶǶ뵽˼ȥص룬ܳ˾޵Чɣ
СֻöԷǧˡ
ǲǲˣͻȻǧ˵
СûӦʲôʲô
ǲǲˣǧľԼҪˣϵͳϵͳҲҲһǲʵǲʵ񰡣ΪʲôһʵܰҪ
ǰ̫ˣڸѶ
ƽʱһҲνص߰

ǧɴûôίίľȻ޵ĸоˡ
Сıɻ󵽸ӣ𣿡
ǧȱס˱飬Ȼһƹ
סˡ


뵽඼۵ĵز
԰رҼֱҪˣΪʲôǲ˱ˣǲǸˣǧԽ˵ԽôʱÿնòҪˡ
Сıľˣðˡ
ǧıȻֹ
ʱ䣬ðҲú˰ɡСƽ˵
ǧ㣺


119 
ǧðϢס, ǰһ̹ȻСǧоԼ𽥵Ļع顣
һֱϵͳbuffƵĴʱȴǱһˮһͷŽı
ǧԼƽô֪ðˣ
һֱ˸Ķ, Ȼȫλ˽⣬ǴӴѾжϳӦˡ˵Сڷǧ֮ƿ񣬡Ȼ˵ðˡ
ǧʵҲ˵Ҳ֪𣿡
СԸоǧ仯֮˿˵ǵģýðϢ֪ͨҲ
ǧϣ˫Ŀηϣʵǵҵ£¡
С۾ȥԷǧŭ𣺡, 彡˵ǵһλģʱĹĳ̶ҵж֪Ҫ˲
ǧüͷʧС, Һʱ䲻, ϣߵʼѵġ
һֱ, ܡС
ôΪʲôҪңǧķͻȻС޷ش, ׻Ӱ㣬Ӱ·ʽжϡ
СĬˣȻҲκλ, ӦҳڷǧģȴΪ˲е˼ά
ıӰˡ
֪֮С鼫𺳡
, ȥԷɡǧˣСͷ뿪
ǧ㿿, ˵ȫϣƽʱʼǸ߰ʣڵ˼ִܡ
ˡ
ֻֻǾ͵Ϣûпκεı仯ûв顣
ðС£ɶԱʲôʱܹһʱ쳣˵Լȴȫ֪Ķ
ԼϸĺڶԴļӳ֮ȴ޷ƿһǰ㡣
ҪúöȴԼôڸ֮еĸӦ໥ģʼնĲ
ҪƵĲס
Լ֯ϸϸܵ֯۵ξ֮С
ǧ㳤̾˿ֻں֮ͯʱʲôֻ˵ʱУصޣ񾭡
ϵͳʲôʱ㶼֪ͨҵ飬Ϊʲôһƫƫʲôң
ǧʻûеõϵͳĻشϵͳѾʧ˺ܾˣͺһ㣬Լ޷ֿĲܿbuffΪԼˡ
Ӵҫ·߻ɫҶҫһƬýɫɷǧȴ벻Ҷ龰֮ȥ
ǧ㿴¥ǣߵС£˴֣໥ǣš
Ľë΢΢ǧſ죺
Ҫ
Ҫʲôʵˡ
ҲҪʲôĽˡ
ǸðǲصΪ£ΪһϲˣҪʱߡ
ʱʱ̶̿񣬱ţڷǧȴͻȻԼΪϵͳϵΪԼ
㰮жʧܾʧȥǧֿ֣ϵͳbuff
Ҫ
ڣ
װǧãԵϵͳֿΪ񡣡
ͻȻ֮Ѿܳʱ䶼ûгϵͳһγ֡
ϲǧɹ˲ʵߡ˼ɼѾգлǧֺ֧ϣΪ㱾õķ
ǧڲʵжβ߶ĶֵʱΪԵģۻ㣨+300
ǧԵĸڲʵгɹ£ǧӼᶨ˶ԵİĽ֮ģϲɺأۻ㣨+50
ǧͬϵͳ涨ʱڳɹˡԵİ˶ϵͳִš̬ı伫ΪҪԵǧгɹϸλǧӵԡ˼жۻ㣨+300
ϲǧڲʵгɹͻңɹˡΪΪɿ񡯵ɫᵽԵҪԣһԵߣػʹúʱԵ״һ֡˻ΣԵʱܹǰԤ֪ʱװ䡣
ע͵Ϊʵߣ߿ͻʵơ
βʵԲɣǧ㹲õߣػ㣨+650
ǧǷװһԵߡػ
ǧ۾
ǡǧ˵
һԵߡػװɹװЧС
ǧϵͳĻͻȻ֮ʲô
ϵͳȫʲôû
ڵȴ
ǲ֪£ 
װǧãΪ㱨Ե̣ԵȾ΢ð֢ͷΡζۻ左ԡʺʹ֢״ΣԵԵðӽȬǧ㰲ġ
Ȼ֪ġ
ǧͻȻ䷢νĲʵ񲢲һ򵥵ĸ񣬶һ
ϵͳõĶ
֪ðʱ򣬲ϵɡ
ϵͳȫƵĸоܲԼȴ̫Ƶĸо
ǧ㳤̾˿Լ˫ȡ
壬̫ˡ
̫ˡ
һ򵥵ĸðܹпҪ
İˣȴòĵط͵͵͵͵Ȭ
ϵͳж㣿ǧʵ
Ŀǰǧ㹲ӵ㣺1611
ǧ֣˫ս
վ
֮ǰǰ㣬ӵվվߣȥͷǡ
ϵͳһ

ڱȻԼһ
ĸðĥĹǺȻûкһҹҹķգȫܵᵽˣص춫ԲȥҲûһζ
ĲںתԶζҲŵõζˡ
ʱðصʱݽצζԵսǵһֱӰɤ۵ĲУûԳʲôζ
רŵһСѧʱԼԵģ⼸ǸصûʲôζĶﶼĲˡ
ȵٹ죬Ӧþܻȥҷǧˡ
ΪɤӲûкͷǧ绰֪ǧûǸоǧЩˡ
ȻȥʲôǸһ°ɡ
ɣ
ڿ춬ˣ԰Ļл˰ɣ飿
⼸Ҳûֱ֪òۻļʮ˿֪ǲǵ
Ϸˡ
ʱôźͷǧ˵ҲŪȥסء
һ߷ŵӣһ߰˼ˣԾɴ
ͻȻˣֱӴɳһԾѸűȥ·ѾСѾǰˡ
ˣȻš
ȻΪССûгǰ
ֻһ˫۾ƵĿ
ЦݣӲĽӲϡ
𽥾֡


120 
ǧſ, һֳֻڷϣ΢΢, Ϊʱ˶죬ʱɫͫ׽Ծ˿ڿˮ
ǧ¥Ѿˣʱ˫ȶڲͷ϶ǺˮΨ˫۾ֱĿֱӹ顣
ܡһھ֪鲻ˣʶѿڶĳƺֱǶԷǧϽͣȻǧĸ, пһ𣬱Ҵˣű, һҪȶ, ȶ, ȶ
ģ÷ǧ㻺һЩ, ļŷǧ㵹Ҳˣ˫Ѿ֧ŵ˼ޣǧƲסǰ㵹, ֱǧ㱧˸
ǲɷǧȴӵĺ󱳣ӵ, оǧӵԼأڻʲôһ㡣
ŬĽǧ˷, ŷǧ㣺ţ֣ɳˣºòã
ǧſ֣ȴǻļûȫɿӴɳһֱ֧Ƿɳϣȴһ
ţ֣ס˷ǧֱۣҸðŸոպãû׼ᴫȾأҿɲ㴫Ⱦˣȥ绰ҽûԤðҩһƬ
ǧ㿴ǰֻмܲȴѾܾö鲻ԽǰҪס߶߶˵ϲ졣
Ȼǧȴģģܾ̌ɫ
ɲܸðҲŸողã㴫ȾˣҪȥĶȥ֮ȫǲͬ⡣
ˡǧڿ˿ڣ˵˼ĵһ仰Ҳᱻ㴫ȾðҲᶯͱ̼icuΪʱվ˫ȸϥʹΪ˯þЩˣҲԲΪ̫ڴϵʱ;ϡ
ǧһ˵ĲԼܹһֱվϵͳеһ㻨һǧٵ㣬Ӵֿ֮һϵǿ
޷ָ̻ӣһޡ
ͣԷӵԼͱڡ
ǧסԼ֣һֻݺݵѹĲĴ
Ϥ¶ȣҲϤξ֮жܹܵĴС
ҪȴǷˡ
÷ǧͷͷܹǵ
ŵˣҲǨģǧԺͻȻ뷨
ͻȻţ̽ͷ
ͷǧһͷ˵Ŀһ±ƵС硣
Ǹ⡭ҡСҲû뵽ȻֱӿһĻûֻʶ̽ͷһۣǹģҲǹģ⣬ҡɶҸſ˰Լǵóȡ
Сͺ¥Ų˵ġ
ǧͷһ
ҲЩΣʵţôһģأ˾أ
¥³ҡǧ˵
ôܷһ㲻֪岻ôôԣҪԼĽЦ𣿡֮Ϳʼ֡
ǧȴĹǣڿ΢Ķʱ򣬸á
ǹû˾ģ˾ҲΥҪ
ٺǰһһˣҲʹ
Ҫ֤һ㣬֪ٹСĶԴˡ
ܾ÷ǧ㿴ԼЩ죬ͬʱ̲סëëġ
ӲͷƤȥſڽ˽ȻԷһ
Ȼ֮ǰûһͷӲԭֲ֪ǲӦûͷʲô˵ʲô
ڣ˷ǧΪʲôðң
пһȴҲͻȻ˿ֱ̯˵ɱһֱĵĺöˡ
˿
Ȼ̻ͷڷǧǰֺõĸ¥˵ķǧȣҲǹģţǹģҲǹİҵ˼ǣĺܺΪҹ˯˯ãȻһҪҽԼҲˣһԼѹġ
ǧɫ̷ıֳ˼ַ񣺡ôп֪֮𣿡
Ҳǹġ֪ʱ˵ٶĽͶڱ⣬ɵĵǸԲŶԲ𣬱˺òãҾͺѹ
ǧģ㻹֪һ
Ȼ֪ǧҲˣĹ֮϶ѾܽĻصǧȻʲôİ˺忪ģټСʤ»飬ǧԼȽϿȻ˳ȻĺͶԷһ顣
еƻĺúõ˭뵽˷ǧôͻȻأ
¶Ѿˣ˭
һ߸ǧǸһ͵͵̡
ԲſڷǧϣһֻСһֱĿŷǧ㡣
ȻǧȴǳĮ㡭
࡭
ǧȻֹ
࡭
ͷԼĶӡ
ǧɫһڣΪʲôԷ
סⲻҵ緹ŵ𣿡
ǧֻԼһƢĻᱻΪʲôû緹
һ˯ˣųԻģȻ̵˻ɪŲ˵
Ȼ˵ҪԻǧ΢΢
ɫһ壬ݵľҪޣ֮ǰʱʲôûζֵóԣǿԼ˺öණһֱʾҩ˯Һò׺ھԻ
ǧ㣺
һƲ죺ҶˣźͻؼȥأôͲܳԻˣ
˴ˣǧԵĹϵԽ׽ڵǧõԵҪԻΪԵİôܲ谮İأ񷢲һԻ˼ɣ㣨ʧܣ㣨
ǧ㣺
ǲͬġ
Էǧ˵һֱᴩΪֹ󲡳ʳƱػӰ졣
ϵͳһֱʺϵĵ·ʺϵľӦǾܾ
ʱر룬ζڳԻ۾˸Ŀ
ǧû˵ڵֿ
ո£ʱӦĽѵ˳⣬֪Ժ϶˳ŸͿ϶ѧ޼ɵ
Ҷˣһ׷ˣھ͵ųأҺöˣţҳСĴָ͵͵Ĺס˷ǧСĴָǳϸ΢Ķ
˲ǹţžˡ
šǳǳıĵ
ǧ֪ٷ֮תƻ⣬ڲ׷Լ¾ôȥˣóѡ
ࡪ
Ķٴ𣬷ǧ㿴˿ڿˮ
ǧ㣺
ǧ㣺ȥԼ׷ӡ
¶˼Իɫ
Ȼ󴩺·ҴȥԻǧĿһһֲ֪ɲɾĶʱĶ


121 
㯵գգ۾, ҪȥԻ𣿡
ȥ·ǧ˵
㲻Ǹող¥۵òа, Ȼɣˣȥ׼ë ǧһʱ侲ˡ
ǧԼҲҪһȥԣ
ǣҧгݣʲôʽǧѧˣ˭̵
ûϵ
ôûϵˣҪ΢˵ʲôҿɼҪˡ ʱɴֱ˷ǧɳǰĲ輸ϣˣʲô¶ǵһλģ
˵ûϵǷǧ㲢ûΪʢ˶, ΢΢¶˼ַݵɫʲô¡
ҪȴͻȻýķǧӦ˵滰
Īľĸо
ҪǸ֤ԣҾȥ϶òʲô֤İɣһ㶼ġ
ƽʱ, ¥Ǿϲ, 𣿡ǧķһ¡
ȷ, ֮ǰһηǧ㶼˾ֱӱ, һ˾û
ľرãҼǵǰһҺأʱҲǾرðɣͻȻˡ
ǧ㣺
ӦԼɹ˵˷ǧ㲻ҪôΣյ뷨
ƽʱϵôߵ¥㣬ҵϥǿ϶ס
ǧĻ˲䷴Ӧ, Ϊ̫˸ǧȣһȥСľ˷ǧĿȡ
Ȼ
ʲôûС
ûסŷǧϥ, ûκҪ׵ĺۼǴ¥, ȻûзӦ˸žϲ
ǲǴŷǧںתѾ𽥵иˣ
ϲ̧ͷ˷ǧ˫֮УԷʱдǵЦ⡣
ǧ㳤ĽëĽǶȿƤľͻȻþǽëжų
ٺ١ǧϥǣͻȻҲһܿǧվ
𣿡ǧʵ
ܴ⡣ڷǧϥϣǧ˫Ƥ׵͸ǵһûп߹з췢ϵĸֺۼ
ǧ˫Ⱥʼĸɿֻʣ¹ͷͬȻҲϸȴѾʮԵļĻȣֲǿ񣬶Ƥص͡
һֱԼĶ෽չ֮·ǧһһĳ⣬еСȶǣȻѾˡ
˵㡣Էǧò׳һСȶǼֱǰ֣ȥ˿Լϲ
ˣǧ֮кټĴŵЦҲ¶Ц⡣
˵ȥ·
ǧ뿪ıӰЦ΢еⲢû˶ʧ
ȥѵʱľͱĺƹȥˡ
ϲǧԵɹܣͼϣ㽡Ѿ棬Ƭ¼ʱ鿴
ͼ
ͼǧ㿿ɳϣͼ
ȫʵȫλͼչ˷ǧǰͼ¼ָϥϵʱʱͷ޷ı飬ֻܸܵڴ֮ʱ΢΢Сж
ǧ㿴ͼеԼĳ磬ȻʧЦڻǵõʱԼڵһͼʱ򲻸ţھȻԼǧÿԼһʼѾױϵͳԤϵ
ͺϵͳƶһᰮһ
ǧͼתıϣͻȻһ㶡
ʲôı飬ǸˣǾϲ߼֮û뵽ȴ۾￴ο
ǧֻʺµº͵ˮһһĽȫǰıֻʣһƬů⡣
Ű˷ǧǰ
ǧ㵱Ȼʲô˼һȴҿԼȥ
һ˵
ǧ֪ԼںѸıΧ˽޵ϰߣԻҪѭ򽥽
ҿԡһηǧ˵ĺƶ
֪ԡعͷ¶һЦݣ᲻á
ǧһſıϡ
֪˵᲻á֮󣬷ǧе˼άֻʣĻ
ȵӦʱѾһ˳Ϊ
һСĵһ߶߶˵ȵǳԹȥҽԺһȫɣ¥ʱǲԼ¥ֻ¥¥ϥǵĸɸԷһȵƽصʱǣ㣬һᡣ
ǧż߹˾۲͵ʱ˾Ա˵Լļи߶߶ӣ˵ָĻ˷ڵķǧȴã߶߶
ǧ˳Ȼת˸ʻ
ռе˶˳õĳĬ
˾ʼûп
Ȼ˾һۡ
ҲЩεĨĨ
Ӹʻ˺ϡ
ЩεЦˣû̧ͷǧ㡣
˾ſ
ţͻȻﲻԣƽʱϸʻ˾Ӧûֱӿ˲ŶԣΪʲôȴһֱȥ
˾ʲôֵı仯
ǻɡ
ɵ֮£ǧĬĬתߡ
ʱ䡭
˲ٺƽʱһΪҴΪ˾ķ˾ǰǺڡ
һbuffʧǧеǺ͹ع飬֮ľޱ޼ʵΡ
˾ǳصĸԣԴһֱܷģ뵽Լbuffʱ֮˵Ļ£ڷǧɸеΡ
Ǹո˾ûп³¡
÷ǧ̵⵽Լ⼸ΪѾ˾жôġ
ǧΡ
һ̵ļǵãԼʱڹ˾Ϊжôġ
ǧһ뵽˷ԼȻһõļĺͻȻħֵ塣
ȵص˾Ҫʺϵȥڵȫ⵱ʱ˼ɿԼôԻ·
֪ڿ
ĺܲ˼
ͻȻֻˣǧͷСĵ绰ʱпһ
ǧҶ˵绰
ڲʵɺbuffվû֪ͨС
СӦҲʧںܽε绰û˽СѰ
ʱ򡭡
ƹ˾˶֪ǧϰʱȲȥ
ǧסʵǲ뿴ĳ棬ȻϣСҪٴ绰
ȻԸΥСĵ绰һδ˹
ںֻܰзǧֻ
ţΪʲôӵ绰ģʵǰ˾Ҳ˺Ӿһۡ
Ϊʲôӵ绰
ǧɫסһ㣬ͨ˵绰
СĳС׵Ĵ뵽˵ĶС
ܣĻ黹һСʱͿʼˣһֱûҵʹ˾Ա˵뿪ģȷһ£ʲôط
ǧû˵
Ƿܹڻ֮ǰСٴʵ
ǧ֮ܳ󣬲ŷһ΢ģ
ôС¹첻κθĿڣҪô˽£ҴҪ˳ӻ೤ʱ䣬˵йȫƺأ
һ㶣ţ̰ˣ
ǧ㣺


122 
ŷǧ, ŷַǧ㻹Źװǧǳں, ǹװҲˣ̰ġ
ǧûиӦֻǺСĹˣע⵽ǧЩ΢΢Ķ
Ǻˣ
ǧҶСĵ绰ںܰ˾һĲκǵĶԻ
ǧ㽫ֻ˫ϣ֮˿ԣ̰ˣҵ, ҷǳҶҪĹ˺档
ŷǧĲע⵽ķŮ𽥵Ķ˼Ůеɫ
ſţʹһ䣺ǰͻΪֻ̰࣬ڣ
ǧͻȻЩ˸, ע⵽ģ̌ͷ, ֱֹ͸ĸоĸо
ֻڡǧĿ˫˵, ֻ, һΪǰ¡
ǧţЩͺҪԭʱȵ鱻ǧ֪һ顣
Լŵ, Щ
ֻһ㣬оڵԼӮԭ
ĵ֣ͷǧ˫ϵָգԲ
û˼ǧ, ʼǧĵǸǳ档
ǧ㷴ֽסϸ޳Ļôаȫеסʱ, װȫв͸衣
˾ͷ˿ѾһĶԻżӿ˳ٿĿĵء
ǧѡĳԷص㲢ǻ꣬ȴṩС̤õʱԸоطڲͬĻװޣûнžܿʻϺȳС
ҪԷ𣿡̾
˾Ҳһ³վߣǧûлشĴ㣬˵ǷܼµĲҵĺŵ֮һʳȫǷṩģ֤Դʵʡ
ܾȣԷǧĹ˾ʲôƺڸ涼㣬˵ǧǱ׼ġС˵еİԵܲá
һܷɻͷȥ̧ͷЦھǺ˵ܵĹ˾漰Ҷòȡ
ȷصĺ˾ӹĻͷҲĹ֪ѯʷܡ
ʵ֪
ԹԺ˾һȡ˳ϵΣǧ㿴һΡ
ôˣŷǧ㲢ûҪ˼̽ͷ𣿡
ǧ㿴ΣԼ˫ȣ۵һ˿ײʧ䡣
𣿡÷ǧķӦЩٶۣټ
ǵֿǿǿɻԭĻ׼ɲվǧûͷûԵ˵һ仰
ΪηǧͻȻ˵ôһûͷûβĻǡ
ڱáԼԷǧֹۣһã
ԭУǧ񻯵ĺܿҲһ󲿷ԭԭĸֶΣȻǰĲǸݷ̷ԭ֮ǵԭڷǧ˺ܴ
ǧһǿˣǿǻᵮ漣ڷǧԽԽþ֤
δǧûκ˵ĸ֮»ܻܳһʱ䡣
ұĺܳڳ˽÷ǧ㽡ɳڶδĿҲô밡ǧãã˵ȷ
ǧϣƺֻһ˲䣬ٴοȥǸǳŵŮˡ
ףⲻǷ𣿡ͻȻԱߴһ˵ŤͷͼһžƵƷЦӭôҲǰ֪ͨһأҲ׼ӭһ°
ǧ㿴ǸˣƺûʲôȤȴɿĵ
׼ʵʳģһһ֡ǧֱ˵
еɣ̲סѵ
ʱǧƮƮĿһۣˣڻڵǸ׶ˣǧ㻹û˵ԭľϰµȫ˼˵ʲô
ʱӭ˿һۣƺǴЩΨΨŵŵı￴ʲô̬ҲЩĮһֱͷǧ˵
ѽˣǵȻѡõģû뵽һﰡƽʱǼдһЩ˿͵ģôû鰡
߶߶˵˰죬Ȼǧȴʼնûлشκ⣬ȥ˿ûκģԹԵ˵ûֱ꣬Ӹ˰ᡣ
ǰǰţģֱ˻Ҫ磬ǽֱܷʲôĲƷ
ڷǧߣ˾Ҳһˣ͵͵Ŀ˾˵ԸôµѵǰѲ˷ڻһζʲôĳǶ𣿡
˾ƫͷ˵ͬʱŷǧԲ˵˾˵ҲһֱƵĿ˾ޱĻشڸвͬ
ЩȥͺܹӣһӦһɣôôһ⡣ֿʼ͵͵²ۡ
˾ȡ侫
Ǹһֱں˵˭أ͵͵ʵ
˾ŷǧͬһߣ˵㲻ֱʷܣ
˵ȥ˵ЩеûĲ̫ðɣЩ˼˵
˾һԷǳҪĽʺ޵ķǧ㣺벻ģϾͷβǧ㶼ûǸ˲𣿡
һ㶡
ʱŷӦͷβǸ߶߶ǧǰ仰û
ȥʣһˣʸͷ˵һλ
˾Ļһͷˮʲôһˣѵ˵ǧ㻹Լ˱𣿿Իǵͻ벻ǣûǧԼ˰
԰ɡǧ̲ס˵һСƵǰ
⣬һ󣿡ȫ֪ڲĵʲô
С㣬ЩǾѡֲͬʳѡȡ֣ڸкܶأֻҪ򵥵ĵζͿƷζˣ˳ԷήĵΡʱ˵һκ˵Ȼ̬ȶ㹧ܾöԷ̫Լ
С㡭˴ʶԭпǶԭӡ̫ãԭǸ磬ͻȻü㱻ῴҲġ
ҧһڣȻ߹Լʲôڸк;ȫƷֺͷǧȥˣɴ͵͵ĽЩȫǰѾյ÷С
ʱҪЦЦԱߴСһִš
ִˣĪ
ǰҲǷҪʳƷаǷǳиԡ
ƤЦⲻЦͻȻԼǲǷ˳ʦļɻ䣬ЩʦǶԼպִţϲƻʳĵķ
˵˵ԭƺҲֵ˵ҵҪʳĶŽ
ҪԻİСﻹרŵƬأ㻬ðǣ
ȥͻȻǧ˵
˵ɫһ̵ǸԲӰ쵽ܵθˣҡ
ȥһǧĿڡ
˵ı̡

ԣӸղŵڣǧһֱĬǰ˵Աˣ
ܡǵľϰһͻ˵ЦЩ֧Ųסˡ
ǧ㵱˵Ѱ̾µƬȫǰС㱻ˣڳȥи
ˡ
˾Цˡ
ǿΧơ


123 
Ȼ˲Ұɫ, СȴûгԵĺܾˣɺܼ򵥡
ѽ, Ҹո˵ܾȻԷһţû뵽ܰҲպԷġʱſڽһλױݴ綼ǳŮˡ
鼫临ӣ
ⲻǷɣҳԵһǲԼءſڽһλݹˡ
ܣıǸ, ûúõѵǾ治˼ˣһٿ϶ǲǮģһȫ, ܸǸɲƵϰҲˡ
ſ, ԹԵĴԼǰĵСг˼, ԽԽȻӶʵͷûô̧
ֲ, ô᲻֪뵽ԭԽʵǳŷǧأֲǷ㣬ϰʱ, ôܸպôʶͬһƵꡣ
ǧ㵹û̫飬ȻǺȴҲ䵭ͷβԷ¶ʮֹʽı顣
û뵽ô˶, СԡƵϰʱЦĺϲ£죬ԵһֱΧͣĵƻ֡
Ȼǧıʼǲ䲻, ȻҪȴҲʲô⣬ʱע⵽˷ǧڿΧպܻȣǧûд뿪̫á
ٶΧ˶͵͵Ĺ۲졣
˶֪ǧȻһԺгİ£˽Сൽ𣬼Ҫȫȡǧĳ̶ȡ
ڳвѾ£һкͷǧ㽻
ڰǰͻȻתͻȻ˼ǰѾõĺ鶼ϵ
֮Ѿв˿ʼعζˣҲǷǧݵһϷͨ÷ǧ˽˵˭Ǻͷǧĺ飬ǸǱ¶ʵ뷨ն
ڿǧƽ͵һȻǧͷβûгԶɻ϶ÿʳѡõһСǵľٶȻڳ˾˽⵽֮Ĺϵ
Ѿǧһеǰͽ˶ȴЩ
ǧ㽫˵עⶼڿÿ˵ɫ۲죬ǹעĵ㶼ܺĿĳڹ۲
óԡͻȻ˵һ䣬󲿷עϵķǧ̿˹ȥȻѾȥˣǧ㲢ûп
Ƿǧȴİ˺ġ
ֻԼ˿ӣһѩţС
ǧգգ۾
Źһʱѩţӹ˳˷ǧǰ㳢ܺóԡ
ΧͻȻǧ㴹ԼĿӣ²һ鱻Ŀȥôʳѩţ˿С
΢Ŀڸдѩţеķḻ֭ˮУǧԹóԵţ⣬ӼٵһڵĶƷȴûԭһѩţȤ
ϲǧɹһԻ㣨+50
Ϥϵͳǧգ۾֪ԭһֱٳٶûɵΪûкһԡ
ζôСʵ
ǧѵõĸʳﲻۣζΪͬһѾú֣ɷǧȴ˱ãټһ𣿡
ˣкöࡣ۾һƬʳѹôأԭкöҪģȼ֮
ûнǧ˵
ɫһ⡭ⲻ𣿺óԵʳдѡ
ɡǧֱ˵
ǡŻţС˵
ǧô᲻֪ԼķΧԹԵЩĺأǡ
ҽ챾ֻǴԵġ ǧ㲢ζЩΪ͵˵ĮΪֹûҲֻΪԸܳԳ
̬Ѿˡ
ıܾ֣ǧ֪ϣͨ仰գɷǧ㲻ͷ
Ѿûмˡ

޴ŵĶռǿгܵ˼̶̵ĻСʱļôܻ⣿
̨ףֻЩʧǰ
ܼСͷһ𡣡ʱڹİĿռ֮п˿ڣû뵽ܺСĹϵȻôðѽ㿴⻰˵ģλǰⲻȻڿλһǾúܰİ
ǧ⻰ڸǸһ
ں˵Ŀ۹⡣
ô䡣
һԵôٵ˵ףأǧӵԵ֮ѵûаҪҫ˼𣿵ȻҪȫ֪ԵǧŮˣ񷢲ʻõ˶ԴԵĳޣʱÿһ㣨+10ʱֹΪ֮󡣡
ǧ΢΢üޣ
Ҫͱҫ
ǧ㿴ԷĲͻȻؿһССĻǱϵͳȼССĻ硣
ǧ㿴˿ΧŵˣͻȻЩҲô˳ˡ
ǵģҺͱĹϵһֱܺáǧͻȻ˵Һܰ䡣
ʳȥһ𾪵Ļͷȥǧ㣬ɻ
ƺʱ򶼶һ£ͻȻ
ԭרŴһԷİѽ㿴Ⱥ˴ԼᣬҲǴǼƽϣؿһԵ̾˻⡣
ǵġǧʮȻ˵Ըһֱܺá

˵ܵһֱ̫ãûСҲûҽɼӦǱչ˵ĺܺðɣǿƽʱȥͺŮǿ˵ڷǰͺͱһƵģǰɣðá
ǧ΢ɲһȣȷһ˱øϸ¡
ѽô˵ĳܵ˰˰ɣЩҲоܵľ״̬״̬ںת÷ôҸ˹û
ǧ۾΢΢𣬿ȥ˵Ĺάȷһİ£һֱȢ
һƬһƬĹάʱձ
ôˣ
⵽ôˣ
ΪʲôͻȻΧͿʼˣЩѵǷֿ÷ǧԾͽʾ֭ʹ
Ϊֺ÷ǧ㣬ѵһ㶼ڶѾεֺץ
Ӻòã
һٱֵܿСͻȻͱʡ
ܺ˵Ĺϵôãһֱչ˳ԷأһԵ˿ʼӿ佱˵٩
ƽʱչչ˵Ķ࣬żҲһ㡣Ŀ֮·ǧı߶˱仯˺ܶʹǳЦǳıֳڵĺܺá
Ҫˡ
İԵܲ÷ǧ㰡ԭеǶҪĴڰҪñô׾ٵĲµϲð
ǵġȻǧȴ˿ûнӵߣ˳ű˵Ļ˵һֱǳɰеɰ
Ȼһ졣


124 
ѽ, û뵽ܿһԶİ, ſžˡ űֻǳԷ˾ƻֱᣬｻ֮һֱҡ
ߣߣףܺ˰úϰ
ߣͷҶӽˣһҪλףأҶմմλϵôõĸ
ڵ˽ʱŷǧγţ͵͵Ŀһۺټ¶ɫķǧ㡣
˾ƵΧ, ˾ȥˣտɫգڸоʿ˵鶼ˡ
̫ѹˡ
һʵĸܵȨζͶֵ˶ϲ̵˵ŹάĻ, ڳڸоԼ˼ˡ
, Һ, ôһֱ˵СԹ, ľ˶Ҫˡ
ǿò𣿡ǧƺƽʱҪԾ
һֱôǸ˶᲻˼ɣΪֺڿңĶôáǼǵȺ˰е޵, Լˡ
ҵǾǻòǧ治ɫ˵
ҳôһ֪ԭԼôáп
ǧعͷƯ۾ȫ˸ԵЦ⣺еĻҪõ̫ˡ
ŷǧ, Է˿ûκεıĸ飬һʱ֮Щмܲס
Ҳܲһֱ˵ץץ, ҶĲˡ
ǧкŵЦ⣺ҫá
ƿԣΪʲô 
ΪҵõԶòĶ
ŷǧԺͻȻĻ˱޴ҲͷǧɱˣǸݰ˭ϡ
ᣬ˼𴩡
ôãǲǿԸһ㽱˵˵ҪתһԼǧߵע
Ҫʲôǧ۾΢΢𴽽ǣ⣬ֱǺÿ˾̾
Щš
ǧĺܺã񶼺ƽʱһˡ
ƺûиǧʲôҪ󣬿ڿԼĿǧ󣬺ڵգĿԴӦһ㡣
ҿɲסȥԼһһ㰵ʾĿֱ˵˳

ӵһ绰İĺ롣
ιܺĽ
ãС𣿡 ӵ绰ڴһȫİϹϾܳƺһλԣǶֵĳƺЩӦ
Сʲô˼ɲǵñôйӲҪ˵ôĻֻзߵ˻ô
ܣգգ۾ѵǷ
ãС㣬Ƿܵ˾ҽڡ
ͻȻһֱڷǧߵǸߴԹԵӰңô𣿡
һͷǧߵͨܵľЩţ˵ģѾܻص˷ңǺ֪ͨһ¡
ȥˣգգ۾ͻȻĵЩʧ䡣
ѾܾöûкһôʱˣʱǻһһЩĵ飬ҲǵһμðʱôְĽ㡣
ʣҲģǻǿĽ㲻ͬڵԼ˵Ļ롣
֪ˣ鷳רŸҡȻʧ䣬Ҳ֪ڵԼǱȻȲΪµķǧģʱ䣬ΪΪչðµġ
ʱÿ¿ζǻؼչˣҲؼ𣿡˾ʵ
ˣ㲻ڼһȥҲûʲô壬һֱȥᡣ˵
˾ӦһʵôĩǻؼҶ𣿡
Ӧ
ôһڿ¿εʱǼ㣿
ԣΪʲôҪʱ䣿
˾صѾͷˣԺֱӻصҺסһÿһؼңһ糿ٽͻѧУ޷Խһ˾ȥ
ɵˣ㶵վԭأʱһߵɻĻͷΪʲôͣ˽Ų
ιС㣿𣿡˾ĳĬ
ʵǽҪ𣿡
ǵġ˾Ӧ˵׽ãҲûˣڻѧûȫļ໤֮£϶𡣡
Լľ֪ԼôҶϵ绰ģֻ֪Լõ붼¡
֮ͽһ˷˷Լļȴûаԡ
żˣԼϤˣܺãԴöȣϣĸܵһİ
ʼ𽥵ĹϵãҲʼԸԼǲǴҲĴڣԼļأ
ô˰ʱɻĿΪʲôһ鰡ոյĵ绰ǳʲô𣿡
ҽӵˣһֱڴܵߣ֪࣬Ҳֻһ㡣
㣿ǸررǮĽ𣿡ЩʵһֱûסһÿĩؼҸ𰡣
ʱֻǵɵǺǵЦԸԳĸоֻǵЦ
ȻͻȻܽѣҸոûڵ绰˾˵¿εʱ䣿ûи˾˵лл
Ȼһͷˮǵͷ˵˰ɣȻٴ绰ȥȷһ£
ҡҡе㲻˼Ե̫ǲǲ̫ã
վܾˣǷʲô𣿽ͻȻԵԵԱߴ˶̲סĻͷȥһͬһ¡
΢˶˳䣬˴ףˬĶ̷ȥźĻȣ˵òŮеֲʧԵӢΪԵúܴĪ硣
̷̷ĽнЩ˼ɫ΢졣
Ϊʲôô˰̷״Ʋ˵
Ҽ¡Щ˼ЦԱߵѾˡ
ͷ̷ôϤѾ̾
̷¶һܺƵЦݣȻϤģҪ˵ҺͽҲմ״ˣϵǺܽġ
̽͵ҵĽ㣬ͷ̷Ľǰ¡
ʱѺܾȣǸǮĴã
̷¶˼εЦݣһΪͦˣȴǳΪ˱˵ƺ𣿡
Ѷʱɫһ죺Ҳ˼
̷۾۵׻ʲôǰѵļ򣺡СҲȽҪ鷳չչˡ
ѣʲôչ˲չ˵ġѱ̷ЦݿɫһΡ
ʲô°̷½˻һ٩˽ģ̸һĺ˵Լ˵顣
Ȼ˵֮ȴ̷ַȻûжĿⶨĿһʱ֮Щ˵η塣
ãԺͽĹϵôҲϣͽĹϵ̷˵ţ˫ۣ͸ʲôôŽҲ̫ðɣ㱾Ҫչ˽ͺˣôأ


125 
ɫͻȻЩ, һԵѵıҲ˶΢̷Ȼȥ, ˵ȴԲôˡ
ҵȷýġͷɷϵҲԼҪĹעԼ̫
ͻȻԴһֻֿסˣֵֻ˳̧ͷȴ˷̷żЦ񣬶Էͷ˵Ҫô롣
ȫԡ
̷ȴЦһɵĺӣҸոô˵ҲֻǾô룬ڿҸоûдʵûбҪ, Ľ㣬ΪˣԼˣô˵Ĵڻܿġ
۾󣬿ǰķ̷, ôû뵽֪Լ뷨̷֮ȴ϶СС˽, һ˲ĸоԼοˡ
ô, һǸýɡ̷һ߻ȥ, ȫѾԭ˵ķΧ֮С
ʱ̲ס˵ɲǣûôϸµĽ㣬¥֪и谮Ľ, ǲ֪ôӵĻ֮ǱɵǶĽѣҸ˻˳һ򵥵Ĺ滮Ҿ͸оͬһ̫Ҹˡ
̷ʼǱʮֵЦ, ȥһֱ˵˵ǳòģ, ʱʱ̧ͷȥ̷ע⵽ˣżڶʱ¶һͶԴȫͬЦݣʱܻһֵ˼һ
á̷̲ס˵
ĽİĽĻ㲻ӦҲͬĴ𣿡ʱ̲סʵ
Һͽʵе١̷¶ɬ֮⣬٣ȴǡôĹڳ˵ĺ棬ǳЦţҲΪͥԵʰɣʵҲҵĴΪұȽӽԸĸ͸ң˽㣬ȻҺͽ׽ɽ㵽Ǻ϶
̷ͻȻֹס˻ͷȻҡҡͷЩεЦݡ
ʵҲкŬĺͽ´ùϵô˵һˣҲ˺ͽ̫ҵġ̷ıȫǶʾú㽣ѶΪ֮ݡ
ͣĸƫĵȷüĽùϵõģôŬŽ㣬ԺĽһĿĵģϾѪĽãôܻиҹء̰ο̷
̷żЦ⣬ȥǱοˣ˼įò˵лл
¥ȥĿǰķ̷Ȼǻһɣžˡ
ûϵһֱϲ˶·̶˵ʲô̷Ц˳죬ҽ·Ҳʺ˶
ŷ̷ܾ÷̷һֱЦݻ˺ܰģϸģ뵽̷˵Ļ̲ס˵˵׽ʲôҹԺһᱻġ
̷һ¶ӵ˷ֲԭЦݣͺˡ
˫ֲԾսɿ˵ԵĻҿ԰ʲô𣿡
̷գգ۾Ҫң
ô˵մ״ʵģ㻹ңңҶӦûرģȻĲ࣬һŬİġֱ˵ߵģУ̷ѾˣȴһֱòӣȻΪʲôڡ
̷֪ĻҲж
ܰ𣿡̷ڻ¶˼ִȫģԱĴȥᣬ̲ס
һŬģһ̣ǰͬѧúܶ˶ĽĶǰ¶˴ɫͻȻԼش

ǧֱӴص˷ңȻڿѾſڵʱɫ΢
ȥҸ·һ°ɣܲһֱ·ǧ˵
ڼ·϶һȥֱҪμһĽȫûȥÿζòԭݻŶп·
ܴϣνС·ϱеСǧ㡭ʵżȽС·ͦ˼ġ
˶ȫҲ¶ƽʱǴֵĴŽͺܲıڸߣҷǧۼķСˡ
࣬һ㣬ǺܿɰΪĶ¶ʱ÷ǧ̲סҪȥһ󣬵ÿζ˾ͻקһ£ֵСһֱڷǧԺơ
ȥˡ˿Էǧûκ¥ǧжݵĻǲûʱʵ˵ķͲ
ǧ֧ɡ
ǰʼձŵ΢Цǧټ˼顣
һǳְĹܼңҵıдһЩϿԴؼҵ԰æһᾭǽѡ
һηǧԼ˼ɼbuffʱĻʮְֳĹܼ¶һѾα顣
һ뵽ԼʱĺܶһѾҪ󣬷ǧ;ĺΪĹܼˡ
ǰǰƷǧΣҰΪǧ㻻ЬǧڶԷһ֮ڿڣʱˡ
ǧΪ˼ɼԵϾ˯žͻʱͻ״򲻶Ա߰
ˣǧûúõ˯
Ϊܷҵְ𡣡һƽȥƽʱûʲô
Ǿʱ䣬ǧƽ޲ʵǱϷͦḻġ
ʱˣҸһܵĴнݼ٣ú˯һɡǧü䣬ʱÿϵļӰ඼ᰴչ涨㹻ļӰѡ
ʱڿһ·ǧ㣬̵ͷͷ˵ôھͽһ֮ˣʷǷҪ飬Ҵ֮ݼ١
ûʲô¡ǧ˵
̧ͷһۣͻȻ˵ʱһֱʧߣǷҪֵӶˣ
ˡǧü䣬ܲ˵ʧ߶˯Űɣ
ΪҪע彡ҿѯһǷΪ˻Ųʧأʮѯʣȫһܵķǧģ
ĺܲϣȷʵǡ
̫ˣһһߡʵʽϵͣǷҪ³أǷ֪ͨʦ֣
ǧ㣺
΢ЦףصһֱŬϰգ˾Ʒѧϰĳɹһ¡
ǧҲԼΪʲôΪϴˣڣڼȫ
ˡԷǧһȱ䡣
ΪʲôҪͻȻӷǧ𣬡žȻΪѧˣܳǶҩҶȥ
κֶܸߣȲгյĳʦǾζǲġ¶Цݡ
ǧĬȻ
Ϳɣ
ڱ
ǧãӦòܰɣ


126 
ǧûһԼҲᱻѼϼ, ˵Ҫ³֮󣬾͸оҵձˡ
˵Ϊܹᵽǧ˵ľϲֱӾϷ, ŹˣʾԼһʳζŵ
ʱ֮ǰ۾ĿʼմʮֵֿЦݡ
ҪŶҷǳڴǳŶ÷ˣŶ
ǧ㵽ڶǵõʱԼﻢ£ͷľһٷܸ𣿡
ȴƽĻشû˾Ѿܸˡ
ǧ޷, ڴȷ
ˡʼûˡ
Ȼȴҡҡͷܣˡ
ǧһ˲죬ȴʲôһ, ̾˿
ǧ·ʱӶЦĵ٩ʲô, ķǧ϶Ӷ˵ĻȤ, ɽȴȤϸȥ
ոճʦ˵, ׼һЩģ˳ȥȥˣ˵е˶зݡһŮӶ˵
ʱſڵĻ԰ڴҶ԰ӴȥʵҪ˳ҪҪҲȥʻʲôİ
Ҿܲ, зΧ򡣡
ͻͰɣѧϰĶвͣ²ʺ͡
˼˾а, ô˵ⶼǵһηڼԼᰡǰҶΪԶ, 룬ǰôڣҲһֱܵעأ
ðЦأǲ֪ܼ͵͵ڱЦ˷ܺöζҿأ϶Ȥ鷢ˣ죬ȴòˡ
ǧСĵĲ뿪ڿĵ̸ûкúùӶˡ

ǧ¥ͷԼıɹ⼫ãǾרҵʦȫ̲뽨죬˲ٹסʱҲһжո£Ͼɷݵĸо
ӶȴլӸۡ
ǧָԾڷûһ£Ҫլӡ
ȻȴֻһƬž䰲Ŀռ䣬˫ۺΨһܻľʼ
ǧֹͣ˻䡣
˵û
ˡ
ޱ޼ʵĹŬҪȥִţжһֽɫʵĶ
Щɫʣһһʻȥġ
ǧϵʱ˵֮пġð
ͻȻ֮Ҳͬĸд
ͻȻǧ㿴ϷſһԴ̽˳ŵĿΧȻ͵͵ȥ˳ķûһһʳܻȥ
ǧ㣺
ǧ㳼ԵĿɰĶֵ
ǧ㣺
ǧԼûкܴĸд
ϵͳȴʮ㡣
֮ǰ񣬸Ǹ˶ٵĸ߶
ǧ㷢ֻҪԽģԸʽĿڴ
ҵõ ǧ㲻Ծ˵
仰˿Խ飬ȴʱеʵдա

һʱûԼֱˣԼֱ˼ȴֻλķ˿ʼԼǲǲʺϷҵ
۾ǲ磬ȥ¶
Ϸת˼Ȧ
ֱԼֱȡӲ˵һζͣȴС
֮һĴϷֱ
һϷ֮˳һֱ䣬סˡ
ֱͻȻֳ˱ըʽֱĻһһ˶ɵˡ
ӱģأû뵽ġ
Ǹеİɣ˵ʲôģ
ô˾ͲŮˣͬԽϷðɣ
һǸŮġ
ɻȻͻȻͻȻˢ˸ȫƽ̨ɵˡ
ȫƽ̨ڶʱ֮ڽֱȫƽ̨ͣҲһֶΣŵĲϻǮһֱûúŪ
˭ô
һۣȫİ֡
ôͻȻ˸ˢأ

ˢˢ
òڵɣɲɣ
ĿǸİְֱֱˢǰδеĸ߶ȣǮͻǳԵĶֱˢ֪߶ȣôһμ
Ϊ˴ͷ½½ҲˢЩǸˡ
ʱһֱˢ˵ˡ
δɢأ
˲˾͸ŷͣأ
һġء˲ˢƵ⻹ǵһ֪ԭڵȷ
Ϊʲô
˿Լı⣬֪һʼĿֻ
ţ
һֱĻҲЩΪѣô˿ţеﻢ¡
ǧ㷢һϢֱ
ǧ㣺
ֱ˵Ž
ǧ㣺
Ƕ뿴
ǧ㣺
ͬˣ
ǧ㣺ҽ˵ʲô
һ㶣뵽˽Լǧͬ⽫ʱǧ˵һˣֻҪңһ̶Ҫ󡣡
Ҳġ
ǧ㣺
ҵ÷Ŷ
ǧ㣺
򵥵öһʱ֮ǲǷܵʱѾȥˣ˷֮ǰͷǧ¼
ǧ㣺ʲôʱصҵߣ
ǧ㣺
ǧ㣺֪Լܿɰϣֻ֪Ŀɰ
գգ۾
ȷЩϢ϶Ϊǧ㷸˲дġ
⵽ʲôôÿηһأһεʱҲ̫˰ɡ
ֿԼֱ䱻δɢͳһҳŲͣӿĺĺͿ̬ˣûôȹЩ˼ġ
һδԼֱһֱеһֱûʹùרҵͷ˷磬ͷ£ֻܿ·ܿ˵ĵز
ۣƵˡ
ȵȣҿʲô𣿡
ԲۣԲۣǿϷǽ𣿡
ܶȣ߶һǽˣѵ˵еϷ𣿡
֮ǰֱͿ˺ö೬ĶоӦĸ
ҿʲôҿ˺ʲô
ЩĻȻ֪ǧ׼ϷҵжôǿȫǮƵ߶ãʱ򶼱𺳵Ҫޡ
ֱιǲǵˡ
򴽣ͻȻţͷȥţǰˣѾ׼ˡ
̱ȶһĵƣֱ
ͷԼһĶȻÿλųķȶһơ
ֱֻ䣬һˢȥĵĻЩڵڴͻȻ֮ȻζֻС
˵
Ҫװ͡
ͷһڽֱֱ䣬Լˢġδɢ۵һĨȻЦ⣬żϷʣֱĽǶȣֱȥ
ˣǻ˸豸𣿡
Ҹոպ񿴵һ輸Һϲӣео輸ϵױӺʮһף
ôǮŻ氮ˣȡ
ҪҪ𣿡
δɢ㡣


127 
һɫζȫķ˵ʱ˶ɵˡ
Ƿǧģ
ǧעǸʮָմˮ, մǲմܵķǧ᲻᳴˵ʱ˵̫հԼ, ̫ʹðԼöˣ̫ذԼˡ
֪Ϸʱʵе㲻״̬Ȼֱڿ϶ܿԼҲǲ뿴ǧľĳ˹̣Ϊ˲ԼΪǧϺȵĶżȥġ
ʱǧĶ棬ֱĿ̲סһڿˮ
ЩˣĶǷǧһ𣿻᲻ǳʦæ˰
ԣǧڶ棬뿿ϿƺҲΪһٷЩƣϢ
һ𣿡ʵ
Ϣһ¡ǧ˵
ҵһ԰ɡܲ˻ûͿʼȳ԰ɣ
ۡǧûȰ, ̬ȴѾˡ
ǰһ˿ͻȻ˵ȻûԵǴɫʵǷǳĲȣζҲܰ, Ȼ൱䲻, ҪǷʶζ, š, ʮɫʵѵãҳһ°, ҵģڼȴ˿ûз壬ľԲһ̫, ϶˺ܶ๦ȥɣܳԵֱ̫Ҹء
һĶһ˵Ŀ佱, ǧ㱾뿿Լϰ۾Ϣ̲סǳ鴤΢΢۾ʲôı˵ôһĿ佱ġ
Ȼ÷ǧԤ֮ǣȻǺģ䷹ֱӳڡ
Եǧ㾫ĺмѣڱ֮⣬ǧۻ㣨+13
ǧʱϵͳõ̶ȿԸ㣬ڿһȻģ
ǧͷһգƺʲôֵĸоһһơ
㣬찡Ȼ㣬Ǻõһˣһõ˲ԶרԵģҪܶǰڹģţǺ֮ǰѾʼ׼̫Ķˡ
ɫζζֱǶԷǧؿ䣬ǧԼʮֿˡ
ϵͳʾ˶ʮߵۻ㡣
Źüŵı˶ʱһΧ۵Ӷ˶ʱʱĵͷ΢ڸһԼıﲻסЦ⡣
ǧ㱻Ŀ佱Ӷ˵͵Цǰ޷ƵĶ죬ǧԼĶ̷ͼԼڲ
زˣû뵽žȻϲʲôز˶֪ڳԹ֮ز˻һĿڸУҾҼֱܳ룡
ǧԼ̲סЦˣЦԵ˲ĿǧЦҲǧ㲻Цɣ˭۵Ĳеʱ޼ɵЦôء
ڷǧʵʵڵЦˣüۣΪϰԵѹֻ΢סԼЦĲôţı˶õġ
ǧܹܵԵ˴ĿԼĿ⣬΢΢򴽡
ϲǧɡϲľϲۻ㣨+79
ϲǧɹΪԵĹϵ¶ĵЦݡΧȺڴﵽʮ㣨+20
ǧΪԵĶĶֵת㣨+100
ǧɫʼ޷Ƶķ죬ϵͳ˵㲻Ҫ˵˵ֻǱ˳ԷóԣôܻһٵĶֵ
ϵͳյǧķɸϵͳڲǷڼȴ
ǧ㣺
ΪǧķظϵͳһǧϵͳжϣǺĻ
ǧ㲻סͷһһ۵ĺûκ˼άϵͳѾȫûа취ˣҪԼЩƮƮȻ˲
ллš ͻȻԱߴ˼άģ̌ͷ˲䣬һЩȴ¶ȵ˷ǧһ¡
ǧһ֮ŷӦȻͻȻһǡ
ǧΪԵһմ࣬ö֮΢ëͺĴӡͻȻϣǧĵһӦȻΡ
ҵ졭ԼҲԼͺӡˣȥʪëһһĸǧøɾǧȫ̶ܰ
ϲ𣿡ǧ΢΢ͷգһʵ
ϲҶˣôôˣѵ츳𣿡ǳ˵
ǧ㹴˹ǣټҪǫһ£ʦ˵ҵջкܴĿռ䡣
˵˼ҳʦҪôױǲ˼ҷ𣿶ǼҳˣҾı衭
ĻȻֹ
ǧ㿴ı飬Ѿ²ѿڶʲô
ǡ衪
ǧһĨɻĵڶ˸ѵǸԼ鹹һеļͥĵҲȷ˵һͬ˸ܻܿΪԼһȫͬľԼļ˶壬ѵǲ
ԲŲ᣿
Ȱ˵Ĳ˹ĺó𣿡һҵꡣ
ɫһ죺⸽̼ҵĲÿζüͷѣҲֻҵĲüͷˡ
ǧ˶ͣԺԡ
ϡ»صԼΪá
ǧССڵĳţģһֱ֪ԷôʳǾýԵĿ϶ƽʱҪģΪʲôΪġ
ͷԼһֱŵֱѾˢƵ
籾϶Ǿ籾̫ôľ籾
ˣ~
רŸֻ϶ĸ˾Ӫûˡ
¶ôá
ϵĲһͲͨ˵Լ˭ôװһ°żٵģˡ
һû°غ
ŮĽʲô顣
δɢѾֱˣ۾ǰԺܸ˵ͷٴοһֱ䡣
룬ֻһԵӶ˽һʲôǶ㣬ȻóԼֱֻ䡣
ò˵ΰɡ
Ҽǵ֮ǰһҵƬϵŮܲúεġ
ǵȵҡ
仰ֱ˳ĬȻͻȻ֮ˡ
ļٵĲܰɣܲüң
ذɣ
С˵սʵ
ָɵֱйͨȻֱڷҵƬǧ档
Ҹоее񡣡
һܲôܻרֱܵģƭء
Ϣȴκͷβûĵ˭Ҳ֪ĻǼٵġ
ֻҪ㹻ĺı̽ľǾܴ㹻
ֻһı䵭
ͻȻһ顣
ʶ̧ͷһͻȻע⵽ԵӶֻ


ͻȻ֮
ֱأ
ǧ㣺ֱ
ҸոóֱڿŵİͣҸˡ
ǧıŹж˿
иһֱˢͦġ˵
ǧǰһڡ


128 
Ϸǧ㴦ûдĹ, ԼϷֲ֪ʲô
ȻӶԼȻֱȥˡ
ǧ֪ʱԼı仯˿Ҫţ
һֱѪ˾ʵǸڼ豦Ŀħ, ǧ㲢ֵĳƺţԼҵ˽£һҲϣ˲
Ȼ˵ĺĻҲˡ
ϾĹϵףһúҲܽܡ
ֻǡ
ȻȥڹʵڿֱĻķǧ㣬һһ죬
ÿһ仰˵Ҫ͹ڻ˼
˷ѸŵǮҪϧ
ǧɫ΢, ţ
㿪񵥣Ȼһ͵ڶλ˾޴İһ
ǧ㻻һ£Ȼ˵ǸţǰǰʵҲ͹
͸ˣ
ǧЦ
ǵһֱƽ̨Ȼ֪һ˲ҵ, , չҲûһǳ׼ȷĹ涨, Ȼ׬Ǯȴʵ㲻ö, ǧһֱ㡣
Ľֱ֮󣬿ֱ棬ǧʶĿʼ
ɫôͷβ˸顣
ĲеĶ, ڷǧȴע˺ţҿʼǮ
Ȼûʲô壬ɷǧǿռֱڵңңȵİʮֲ˳ۡ
ǧճԴöȶֱӽ, õģǽС, ѾһһͶ뵽ϵķá
Ҫ׬ǮҪֵʵϳΪ˻ıǮƣԻǮûʲôȤ
ǧ㲻ȥѣ˽˻ϵʽǶĿ£ǮǾţһë
Էǧ㲻⡣
ôһǮ
ôֱô
˵ţǧ㿪ʼ
Բۣŵڶ
ҵʲôҲ̫˰ɡ
ĬĬСͻȻλ谮
ԲۣҵһμģȻ𣿡
ŸţӵһξͿŶǿֱȫƽ̨ӵġ
ǧ㲢ںʲô
ΨһľǸס
ʱֱϷҲͣƺǷˢΪ
ǧʱ뿿ϣ֪ԼֱܻôǮʱǲǻܸˣ
ԼƽʱǮ˾ĹɷݣǮܱ
ֱƽ͡
ֱɸɾʲôûУΨһֳľϷݡ
ͷβû˵һ仰ֻϷڲŲǰҪʲôʲôʲôʽȡҪĶ
㲻Ҳܿĳʮ־ʵĲַԿϷԼ̽µȤĶ
ǧָԾûֱ̧䡣
ţţҵôô฻š
۽磬ţƤ
ŵҲ
ûпܣ˵ܣֻոǸİһţ
Ÿֳ
ǧĿԼԽ˰׳Ϊµİף˵㡣
ԭһ˻أûл
ΪŴսûС
ǲֻǹûһ᲻ˢ
ǧ㿴ЩϢ۾
˿͵ڶĲࡣ
Ҫ͵ڶľ룬׷ϡ
ͻȻǧע⵽½СϢ
Сܣǲֱˢ
ǧ㣺
Сδɢ
ǧ㣺
СҪֵʱġ
ǧص򣬰ϣ̾˿
ϲǧɹĻöԵʱģ㣨+2
ǧ㣺
ϵͳûиģμ֤ۡ
Ϊʲôã΢+2ϵͳĳ
Ǵ
ǧͻȻΪʲôԼôֵ飬С
뵽ǰͣҫԼ£ǧԽԽ죬Ϊ˸߶㣬ֻŸϿ
롭
ǧ㰴Լ̫ѨԼже𾪡
buff֢
ʵܻø߶㣬Ĳһˡ

ֻϢһʼԽ֮ǰıըʽ˳Ĭʽֻع˱ըʽ
һϢ㿪۾Ϣ
϶ףںãһЩԳѵģһЩ̫̫СȺף
ͻȻһһֱصĵͻȻ乫ĸо
Ҳеɻ֮ǰԭͷǧĹϵ⣬˵ĹϵӦڱ治˽ԭ˺ܶСĳ̶ȡ
ͺ˶ǵĶ
ͻȻһ顣
԰ܵļͥǺ֮Ұ
һǳţпһĳͼţһһ϶Ҳڱ˵Ĺע֮еģ
Ƿܵĺ̫̫
ͻȻ
Ժ̫̫⣬ǿǷܵ棬ǰԭҷԴϷһһҹ
Ŷڲһһҹˡ
ǧĵ˲˫˲һڷǧҵԱ߸װһҡ
Ϸң߷ǧңûκ罻
ͻȻ֮˽ǵ
ˣСѾӻˡͻȻš
ô磿û𣿡˴ţȥԼǸá
Ȼվſڵģһô뿴ˡ
⡭̷˶ɵˣô
̷侪ȵıҲ̲ס¶һЩίС飺ѵܲϣҿ̫ˡ
ǣûУ̷ûеģֻǣԣ㡭㡭һԵѾȫæҵĲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôȷˡ
пһ
Ϊʲô̷һ˷Ҵſڣ
ҿӣѵ˹ģ
ǵĹϵѾôˣ
˲ǰһڡ
Ȼᣬô˵ҲļȻΡΡס
ȫûע⵽ʱԱݴĴֹܼɫ
һԣ񾪿֣µĴ
񿴵죺㣬ôˣ
ûôɣʵûĴɣûԷСɣûԷŵ߰ɣһӵʻһ䶼ʲ
ܱôȫ׵΢
ȫ֪ӣӦûбôɣ
ǲġ
ֱ죬΢濴ȥ
ͷ̷Ǹйļһһ·϶кۼ
ȻһƬʲôûС
ס
㣿̶Լ˳Уסؿһ𾪡
ǣҡҲͻȻûʲôԣͬԣԣͬԿɻ˰
һֵηģ̷Ҳոպù
ǧʱڹ
ͻȻϵͳʾ
װǧ㡭
ǧֻԼһһϵͳȥ
ԵһǰһλŮԵ￴
ǧ㣺
ұץС
ǧ㣺


129 
ʲô˷ǧ֪, ˵İĳŮԵ·￴ʱͼɫǧ㵹ǶĿ࿴, Ȼǲܵġ
ǧܵü䣬оϵͳĻ㱨ôѵΪûܹĵطɵĽ
ڼĻ飬ǧָûһεķ֣˲Ҷ
һ£Щ¡ǧת뿪С̸˺档
ܣʲôҪȥ𣿡СӦǹϳʲô⣬ְʵ
ǧü䣬ҡҡͷȥ
ȵ칫ֻʣ·ǧһ֮, ǧü䣬ͨ˼ĵ绰
ӵ绰ĸ֣ϢʱеܼҵĹ
ʲô ǧһ˵һõԵȡ˼еļأϵͳʾʱڼѰҵʱڵĵطڿ̷ڷҵʱ۾΢΢
ӦڽӴС÷̷С㡣ܼ˵
÷̷ǧ˵
õ, , һʱ̹עŷ̷СĶ, ǷҪʱ㱨Էʵ
á
ǧ㿴ѾҵƵ, ſüͷ壬ʲô
Ŀ˼Σǧȴȫҵʲô, ͷĽǶȸ޷飬Ϊӽ̫ߵԵ˶ԻҲԵòô
ǧʴܼңʱʱ˵ʲô
ʲôܼȻһͷˮȻǧѾӼصһ߿˴ܼҵӰ
ǧü, ܼȷû˳֣ܶȻ޷ֱȼ
û¡ǧҶ˵绰, ˼Ƶȴ⡣
շǧ㻹ǽеͷתԼ̷ֳ
ʱ̷һãȻ㣬ʲô
Լ֣һֿȻԼ£̬𽥲
ǣңҲǣ⡭ʱҲȫ֪ԼӦôǰһĻˣܲ˵ҷ̷ĺۼɣлһʣȻûа
̷Щŵ޴ȻҲǲǰĳȻ̷ȴͻأЦˣ˵㣬ǲڿʲôСʲôģ
һһɿ첻ϵĽ·һг˾֮ɫȫǰѷ̷˵ˣǲʲôСӴԼ˽ȥ
̷ǰĽǰֹס죬һССĻɫҶƬСӣǿ˰ɡ
̷еҶƬ֮ǿ˿̫˲ǳӣһ
ڵĳӶҪˣƲᾭˣӦڽĻ԰ﴩʱСӰɡ̷ǳЦſѾһƬɫĻ԰ȻڿȥЩڴĵʱĻ԰һƯ
˳ŷ̷˴⣺ûп𣿡
㲻ϲңҲûȤý㲻ˡ̷¶εǳǳЦ⣬㣬첻ҲãֻΪͬѧĸҺֺܴ֧ҽŻϣܺͽ㻺һ¹ϵϲĻ̾ͻ뿪
̷ɫʱ˼Σŷ̷ġ
ȻıȴһѾû÷̷˵ˣ˵ʲô
Է̷ĵִԵģѾ̷Ķд쾡£һŵʵվڷ̷߾;ͷƤ飬˵ȻҲ
ҵȷͦϲġûй˼Ϊ档
̷мΣȥЩıҲת˲š
ʱЩˣ㡭ԲҰ˴ģҡ
û£ҲС˿ӡ
û˳谮ĽȻôɫһʱ֮Ҳ֪룬վԭأ޴Ŀ̷ҡԲ𡭡ҡ
ҪǸĺ⣬㲻ҪΪǸ̷ҡҡͷ֮ͷ㣬ܱǸ̾뿪
Ŷûµ̷Ϊ˵Ҫɴ˳Ƹ̨Լ¡
ֻǣ㣬ҿ԰һæ𣿡̷ʵ
ܡҲûľ;ܾˡ
ҡҰ㡭һԵ˵
ȻعͷѾʮԵƫ̷𾪣ʲôʱΪʲôΪʲôʼά̷ˣ
̷ֻЦţȻҡҡͷʮֹĵͷܱǸ㣬ˡ
˵ţ̷ʮòĺ𣬲Ҷһ޿κεЦݣת뿪ûаҪ˼
ҲסˣôˣԶʲô
㡣̲סץס˵ʲôʲô˵ģۿдתתȻջʲôû˵ɿ֣ίȴֻǵͷ˵ģ
һ־塣
ʲô˼
Ժ˲뵽ԭвϳֵ־䡣
̷ķ̷ıķ̷βܱĽǿƣȫ޷㣬һǽ㣬һ׵İˣҪξû˶ֵĽֻ֣Ҳԡ
зžǣҷ۷̷ѣȻ԰С
κ鷳ԼСĳеһУСѾͷòҸж˰ɣ
ͷƤһ飬˵ȥ㣬ȥùܼҴȥҵϷᡣ
һ㶣̧ۣ۾㯡
ͬѧ㲻᲻ܵġѾŲǰ¶ӡ󣬲Ȼԭеԭغ˾鷳ˣˣǲϲ˱ЩģֻȥԺá
еˮ𽥵ջأȫǱľϲ㣬Բûôࡣ
ԺʲôһҪͽ֮˵Ҫ̫⡣ץץͷȥˣȥҴܼҡ
׷ŷ̷뿪ıӰԼͷ΢΢򴽣۵׶ǳǳϲãǳģʲôʱǡ
ĶһѾûӵİ˳̷ֱ·ˣǼ仰˵ĿɲǰԼˣԭˣȻ󱻷̷һƣһܵǧǰȥҪͽùϵϾǲ˴ˡ
ûֻиġ
̷ڹ¶ڱĵ·ϣһˣͻȻ΢΢ͷΧǽ϶ŵè˫ۡ
̷۾ƯҲòϷ̷ǼģڽվѾǷǳĿһˡ
̷èЩССĿżϣһ㳯è֣ǴźЦ⣬Сڴųè֡
ȥʮֺƢɫèڼµ˫һ϶ŷ̷һĻֱǻһá
ĳ˲ãҲʶķ̷ԭеķ̷ǲһġ
ɵ˲䣬ɫĴèͻȻצӴءѸײڶ֮ƺݺݵڷ̷ֱץѪۣɱȥ
»ûӦͿԼѪֱķ̷


130 
ڵ鼫临, һʱ֮Ȼ֪ԼӦøϽ߻ǰȥһùŮȨ֮ʱ, ̷ȴ۽ǵע⵽Ĵһתͷ
ͷ̷ϵһɲǣԼûϽܡ
̷ʱЩ죬ֱֽǲעһ㣬ȻֱĿŷ̷ĽźϵѪҺȻèץķǳأǷ̷ƺʹ֪ôһû¶κܵɫ
㡣̷һ΢Цôˣҵ𣿡
̾˿ˣԭĵʱ߷ڷǧȥ֮, Ϊһ˲Ӧöһ˵֮
Է̷һֵƣ߰ɣһȥùܼҸ㴦һ˿ڣȻһҸ˾ȥҽԺ硣
Ӧһֻèܸɾ, Ҳĺܸ, è϶˵ġ
̷֮ȫǶµľܾ, Ծǵ˱˻ԡ
ߡͲͷ̷ϻ, ϻ
תǰ˼ͷվԭصķ̷̷֮ǹɵ˲ķȥ
ͷ̷ʼǱ׵ľ, Ȼǲϣ̷ģ̷ƺҲһ㣬ʼնûԽܽľ, ĪĲ˰ĸС
Ȼĸв֮֮ľһ飬治ԼȻҲ̷ܱĹԻ, ʵǺƽʱԼкܴĲ
̫Σˡ
Ĭľ̷Զһ
ص˱ͽ˼һֱ˽ҽ̷һ˿ڣһ·Ѫûֹסóıץĺ
˽ҽĺܿ죬һӦȫǧеҽʩҽԺֱﴦ˿ڡ
ע⵽Ǵͷβ˿ûκαķ̷Դ˿ȴƽķ·ֻڼָһƽ
ԼǴ˵һʹͶȺܸߵܶԼݣٶԱԭз̷Ϊ̲סһ
ı˾ųûдˣ̷ʼնǺ͹ܼҽнģȴע⵽̷ϳ֮ǰת˲֮俴ķһۿκεĸ飬ȴ
˾ʼʻʱ򣬷̷˾͸ͫеӰ˾Ĳڣ鷳ˣ˾Ҫҵġ
˾ûлͷ˵ҵĹ
Ϊ˵Ҫ𣿡̷ʵ
ǵġ˾Ӧ
̷΢΢۾Ҽǵú֮ǰƺĺ࣬ڿǿྡˡ
˾ɫҲЩΣǡ
̷۵һĨȻˣʵǸܺõˣͬʱҲһˣܹ׵Ĳ˵ĸоվǰҷ·ͱ͸һǽİˡ
˾һ㶣ЩĻһ䣺𣿡
̷ƺЩ棺𣿡
˾򴽣Ҳû˵ĺϸҲÿһ˶˵Ŀ̫һɣ˵ȷһܶԵŮԡ
̷ЩɻΪǷҵ˾Ǳ֤һݲ⽫Ϣ˵ľԡ
̷뿿ڳϣŵӰеԼȴڳ˼˼ĳЩֻԼ˼顣
ֱֻһ绰˽̷ʾľȻǷǧĺ룬¶˲ɫ
㡣ڽͨ˵绰ʱ̷Զ׼¶˿ĵɫû뵽Ҵ绰
ǧȴֻǷһЦûлشȴֱӱ˷̵ĺ壬̷ΣյĿһ´ʱڼʻϵ˾
㣬ֻҪһԺͽĻᡣ̷С˵ԽСͷ·ԽǱ΢ţ˾һЩĴӺӾ˷̷
̷ĸӺܸߣֺԻͼƯ͸¶ǳǳĳݺ˶˲øУʱŮԵ˲֮ġ
̷ǧ˿ڣӽΪʲô
̷ת񣬴۽ޣ˾κο̽µĻ᣺Ҳӽ㣬ֻǱ˶ѡ
̷仰˵ûκε⣬ɷǧȴȻͷ̷˵Զ㡣
̷˿ֳ̾˳㣬ҶûκεĶ⣬ȴеļ˶ƾ⣬׽ͿҲ㲻ҪһӴҲκ¡
ǧ㲢ûлشֻעǰһǵΪĮ䣬ӵ绰дķ̷һֺã޶á
Ҫһ㣬Զһ㡣˵ŷǧֱӹҶֻȫٺͷ̷жĽӴ
ϲá
Ǵֱϵų⣬ͷ̷йĽӴһеöʣһȴҲõκζķŭ񣬷ǧ޷õ۾￴κοԱ֮ΪĶ
̷ڷǧУһ߿տǣʬ⣬ĶΪӸַ涼˸еʡ
ϲǧȫĵԵ֮ʱ侲ĶԴ飬һθһԵδߵĸԶģ㣨+20
ϲǧųеΪԿܴڵвзԵ㣨+10
ǧϵͳ֮üǲ㱨ȷϢ̽ң
ڸ֮κ΢Ĳ¼ɶһιϵ»ӣϵͳ൱ݽиǲ֪ܲһġ
յǧķڽݷС
װǧãԵϵͳԵ㱨Ϣļ㣬ǧԵϵͳЯδ
ǧָûһεķ֣˼˺ܶ࣬Խ˼Խܸܵϵͳϸڶеġ
ʵ²̫ԣǴƵ͹ܼҵķԷ̷кԵľģǶΧܶʱҲйַ˼ľٶһᱻѡ
ֻҪ漰̷ϵͳͻԸʽСѡ
ǧָһһµûŷ֣˼⵽ıۻǵĵȷȷĻڷ̷Ϸʼδ顣
δѣҪԿܷһл½з
װǧǷΪԵĲ֪һأԵ߿϶иһŻɣǧǷʶԵҪػռеľԵİأ
ǧһ㶣Щʲô˼Ҫ
ΪʲôҪôʣѵǺƽʱһֱӷΪ
ǧδһʱشϵͳʣйǣݸĳɹ
ǧһȻҪ̻شģ
һشˣܵõʲô
װǧ㰡нӴԵ֮϶ļ٣ضǳԵɣ񷢲뿪ң뱧Ե˵뿪ңҪκˣֻҡɹ㣨+50ʧܣ㣨-100
ǧ㣺
ǧ㣺ܹܲջظղŵʣ»شһΡ
ףǧ˳񣡡
ǧ㣺


131 
˷̷֮˲͸оˬ, ԼȻʺϺ첻֪ʲô˽
ֻǼ˷̷⻹ǰǰ, ò˼ǲͷ̷ǲòһĽ
ĶԷĽСԸȷһȽϺò͸ߴĪķ̷վһʱٻ滹Ǻ۵ģʲô߲
ǱĲˣڹ̧ͷ㣬Ϊʲôһֱң
ûлش
ͷָľ½ǣ֪֪ô, ֻҿ̷ı飬Ҿ;ҵģҪõİܾǵĹͨɡ
Ҫõҵİüһ䣬Ҷ㲻𣿡
һ, ҡͷȻ, ĺܺ, ֻǡֻǡ
ȻǲԼҪ̫, ΢΢ĲţĬˡ
۾˵, ԭӦΨһˣԭȷǺܳǶĳǶһԼĳﲻԼĿ, ͬǴӹ¶ԺгԭҲҪһ
ԼѾԭˣ󲢲, ԲûаȫУ
ΪϵĴԺ׵ľͱ̷ɹá
˵ѵһ̫¶ˣ
°ͣ벻̸
סˡ
ãһаȫеĸ÷ǿԼ϶вͨģӦһԼİȫмϵ͡
ԼȻǲܳΪļС
Ҳһ˳ΪļҲһ
Ǹ⡣
ɻĿ£ŤͷߣôشΨһܹĶš
ָġ
ǧ°ĺ磬ǧʱжݵĳĬ
˵ףʵҲеǧġ
ǧǸǿŮԣڸ涼ǣֵŷʱĳЩʱǻ᷸һЩĪĲ֮⡣
Լ˵ԷǧųڵģԼ֮ԼȫĶչ˷ǧϣʱѹԼĵĸԷǧһʼ̽͵ڵҲǾһʱĻۡ
ǧע⵽˳
ǧ˵
ȻԼ˼ά֮ڣȻû̶ԷǧĻӦ
һԵĴܼ׼ѣɷǧȴֹ˴ܼҡ
ǧεǰ̧ͷͣôˣ
ֱӾ˳ŷǧش𣺡һеҪ¡
ʲô£ǧʵ
飬ҾӲңҪһ԰ˡֱ˵
ô˵
̫ˣҲܳΪ֧ҿŶء
ǧŵĮĻ֮󳹵׵ĻһԵĴܼע⵽˷ǧı飬ûٲ˵ĶԻϢ뿪ˡ
ﲻǵǾչ˵Ĳܵ𣿡һСǧԲȥ飬ڵķǧȴܺƽ͵ĺЩĵ顣
Ծվ˷ǧ󽫷ǧƻңһ߰ǧϴһ߻ǵðǧ㰴Ħһһ϶᲻
̫ˣ˭̫ˣȻûоĶҪһֱôȥҪԴġһ˵һ߸̣˵δ̷ŰŰʲôģңԼܲԼҪҪܸأ
̸ǧ㲻ɫ˵
԰̸ˣԷһǳɿˣҲܹӶԷҵȫУ𽥵һأһܺð취
һһ𣿡ǧʵ
ᡭɣԼҲЩȷ
ֻ취û취ܲУŷǧ㣬ͻȻ뵽ǧԼӦҲǸⷽҲһĨڣ
ǡȻҪҪ취ʱ򣬷ǧͻȻ˵ǻıһ˵ġ
⣬ողǻ˵
ǧ㰴סڰĦ˫ȵ֣ǰյĶߣůߵķ˿ЩϸϸԷΪ㣬ıˡ
˫ֻۣ÷ǧĺͺһһֱӴݵգķ̡
ҲǰΪʲôǧͻȻˣɱܸӦʲôȴ˵źص£Ӧøһ㣬ûкܺõĶԽһ°
ǧָĳûõˣҴûзϡ
ֻԼҪô£ôͻȻ˵Ļˣ
ǣǱߡʵȻȥʣ
ҸվʲôģˣܶԸԸʵڲΪԼǷ̷Ķ֡
ΪʲôҪһֱող˵ֻں𣿡ǧͻȻ˵
һ㶣ǴӸղŵڲһֱ𣿡
ǧ΢΢ƺ̫Ըᡣ
пһ״̫ԣˣ
ǧһĨǱԾֹʱͼˡ
ôˣ˭۸ˣȥ鷳ȥһʱ˿û˸ǧ㡣
뿪ҡͻȻǧ㻺˵ӵҪκˣֻҡ
ͻĻ˵һͷˮǸСְ𣿡
ǧ㣺
ǧ㣺Сʲôϵ
˵Ҫ뿪㣬Ұ仰û˵Ҫ뿪㰡뿪˭ץҲֻСҪְܴ̼ǧˡ
ǧ˳ǡ
ҲΡ
Ϊʲô˵Ҫֻзǧ㣿
ǧ϶ʲô˵Ĵ̼ɣ
Ȼַˣ
޷صĻɺͬĿ֮£ǧס˵ûôֻҪôĺҽ
ɴ˫ۡ
Դˣ
ǧ㷢Լ˵ԽԽƫҲΣһʼֻ񣬿ⲹһ;ԼΪԴ˵Ļһ
⡣ǧת⡣
Ҫ𣿡ʵ
ǧ΢΢סԼĲΪ˵ֵĻõĿ⣬ЩΣ飬ҡ
ͻȻƹ˷ǧֱָۣ˲ǧ°ͣͺڰһֱڰè䡣
ǧ㱻Ķ΢΢һ㶣˳ͷżκεǳǳֺõЦԲ𰡣ҲһֱҪģҪȫУҲҪİɣ
ǧһ㶡
Բ𰺡żĵǸ÷ǧ˲˼ͻȻϵͳԼĿǵģǲϵͳϵ˻һ㡣
ڵĺǳԣǧһᵽ仰塣
ʱӦԭҪɴʤ׷ֵô
ǧһ˵һĻǸãҪʲô
ԼеĽ֮⣬ǧԼһ¡
Щε̾˿ͻȻ˷ǧ㣬סĴ


132 
, ǧ
ϸԼһ˵飬ǧѾĵĺԼˡ
Դ˵ĸ֮ǧͱЩճ, ԼΪһİôܲԼµҪ󣬶ǽעڱ˵أ
õԼ϶޷ͷǧһ治ɫ˵Щúܶ˵Ļģõ򵥵ԼԷǧľӡ
˫İסǧļ򣬷ǧƺ𽥵ıãѾܹסһˣǿԸܵĽӴ
֮ݵĵ¶ȺͣҪݸԷԼ⡣
ʵľеСƢķǧ, һַĿɰ
ɿ˷ǧ㣬Լ֮Ǵ󲿷ʱ䶼÷ǧģһȴһ
㲻ӦңҲġСȴܹ˶˵, Ҳ뿪, Ҳ㡣
˵껰ҲԼĻʵ̫߳, ǴΪǧ߳, ھȻԼá
ǧ¶˼ֵóѵЦ⣬̾˶ԷĲӦֻǻۣһ޼ɵĿ˷ǧ, Լ׾ĽͬǧĻӦǿҵĶĶص޼ɵĹԳأñϢ¶ȴô޷󲻶µơ
ܾ֮, ԼѾ޷ƵĳЩ΢΢۾, ȴַǧȻҲڿĿԣȻֵ߾Ѿ͸ˡ
ǧͣżЦ⣬ԼǱģһľ÷ǧİԼģϾոʱҲûмǧ¶ı顣
ˣǧøÿˣֱԭİɫ߰𽥵ĽΪëΪ֮̾
ǧ㱾ǺÿģµʱҲͬƤݹһ˲˵ǰķǧûζĻڵķǧͷ·׹ߵ𽥵ı˻ˡ
ģڷǧҪѯʵʱͻȻڶϵͳ
ϲǧڲԵ¶ĳͰⱻԵգΪ֮̾Ϊ֮+2+2
ǧܾȣǰ鱻ϵͳʱȴû뵽ȻһԼĶֵҲܹʱ
ò˵Լϲ˱ԼǿҵĲһǿҡ
ǧЦˣĵġ
ǧΪԵϲֳ޴ϲãĵЦݣ㣨+20
ԵǧЦݣߴӣϲ֮㣨+20
ϲǧͬԵ˫ڰķɫ֮УԵǿˣףǧͬԵ㣨+50
һ˽ٵ㣬ǧͻȻˣֻҪԼĸԽӵֱӽѭ
㲻ϲ飬ԺҾͲˡΪʵ̫ѾЩֵסʱڴϣƲ񲻺˼ǧ㡣
ǧͻȻЩʧתƻûмĿռ䡣
Ȼʧ䣬Ƿǧ㲢Լȥգ˵ȻԸıһˣֱӽܶȷʵ䷴𣿡
㶣˵Щ͵ĻὫԼľϵˣԸûرҲŻ̸һá
𣿷ǧ۾ֱӸô϶飬̽Ե˵һ͵顣
ܹתһעҪõ˳룬ǰѹصĻ١˵˵һͣ
ȻǧѾֻƬ֮вʲôʵ˵̷׷
ס
𾪡
֡
ǧ㽫ʮԵıȫֻȤѹѹǵЦ⣬ֵ̫Ͳˡ
Ƿ̷׷
ȻĿǰûⷽļ󣬵Ǹõȷǿַ˼飬ϾãضҪŵġ
ǧָûһη֣˵Ľ𣿡
ǧΪԥһ£û뵽۾￴ֻκȫĵĽκͺһֱǷǧõġ
ǧͻȻãҲΪġ
ҲΪػһרŬ
ܼҽйȥʱǲԵģЩηǧ㣬Ҫѯʴܼԭ򣬿ɳ֮Ѿ˷ǧİ칫ҡ
ڰ칫ڣһƽʱȫͬķǧ㡣
ǧʲôʱǾҸģǸʮԽӴľУȴˣʮֿɰ˯µģ滹һܵװεģһϵװɫһר·
װ÷ǧ㿴ȥƽʱ̫׺͸УĪķЩ
ǧ˵
ɵ̧ͷƺҪõȻҲһ㯡
ѧУôǧʵ
һ㶣ʲôճѯ
ҹġͦõġ
ƽʱϿæ𣿡ǧʵ
԰ɣƽʱʱһЩûεʱġʵش
ڿʱȥѧϰ׬Ǯ𣿡ǧˣһ˹ȥԲΪʲôҪ˵ǧֻǰ۾ģȻΪ˵ۣǾͳΪ˵𣿡
˫ۣƺȫûֿԡ
ǧָûһεķ֣۾˵һĺӣһôŬδΪ
˶ɵˣǧʲôȫʵҲľôֱ׵Ĵ˼ҵ˰
Ȼͷʧ䣬ָսǲģȴòʵ
һֱűˣ֪֮Ӧô
ǧâڱȴͷ̧Աڶ⡣
˵Ƿǧ˵߶ȫ֪ǧʲô
ռ伫Ĭմ˼žǷǧ㣺Ƕеǣиý㡣
գգ۾ԡ
ԸѧϰպҵĹ˾һᰴսӰ˷ȥ㡣
һ仰أڳ˶ˡ
Բ۾ֱĿŷǧ㣬ֱԼġ
ɵˣǧԽ̵ʲô˼·
ȵȡ
˷ǧ㣬պÿĹ϶ʤʱȥʲô̸ǧһǿĵͣ˶ᱻȳɳڶĿȾ֮ҲᴫȾһЩǧš
ҡ
һǧ㰴ռ̳˵ķʽȥôͷ̷ĹϵͲǿùϵǵжԹϵˣ
̷֪δҲ֪˶˽ģ໥ԻӰԼλ˿϶߳Ҳܿ͸̷Ŀ
һУԼ༤ҵ
أ
ԭŮͷβ΢ܹ
̲סĿ⿴
Ŀ⡣


133 
㯵, ͻȻľ޴Ļھͷǰȫ֪ӦӦȥץס, ûȥץסǲܹץס
ԼûץסʧȥˣԼھͷˣ𣿾һĵǰŵζҪȥԣȴԼļ۸һ
Ȼ̫뷨ǴӶԷ߮ͲûѸٵĻشҲ²⵽˵Ǻѽܵһ¡
̾˿ǧ뷨ȷǺõ, ǴԭпʵڲһģϾڽͰ֮ʲôȴԼʲôΪ˶ʹ, š
ҡʲô, Ϊֹʲôû, ҡڿ, Է˵ȻԼ뷨غҲЩΡ
㲻ϲĻʵҲûбҪǿ˵
ȻİοȴûеõĻӦֻ̧һ, һЩı嵽ˣʱµͷ˫ֽһ
ܵĻ, ãҪ𣿡ѯʵ
Ǿ÷ǧ˵ЧΪеˡ
ǧ۾, ȴûи϶Ĵ𸴣˵ҪԼˡ
յָ˿˿Ϊһý𣿡
Լӷǧ۾￴һ˿⣬ǧӦǡ
ͷһʶ˱飬ܾ϶ʲôرشľһ
лܸᣬҲ롭ԵģһᾡŬ˵
ɴ۾ֱȻĻ
ǸԥǻŮǾȻҰĺ
ȵԺ૵ͻȻĲ˽
һһֱѹ֮Уһҵܹı˵Ļᣬ˭ֲԸأǧûиͣ˵һ仰
⻰֮ͻȻ뵽ʲôСڹ¶ԺżĹ¶ԺȷʮңԸ˺ܴˣԷ̷ץס
ʱͬһԭȦţûκεȨʱضһԭͿܻҲ޷߸˿Ŀ־֮Уԭ̬ȣһֱڱıԵ
ȻԭдĺŰһֱľ꣬ѵ˵Ƿ̷ɶ˵ʵʵľꣿ
ͻȻðһ亹ߵǸʲô뵽ôĵͨܵ
ܸı˵ĻᣬӲ̫ʹǷǧĻ˵ôˣ϶ҲǳԼѡ
δĺܺãͷ̷⣬δǷǧĲˣ޷ȥĽ֣ǿ·̷ҲصԼˡ
һ˲оԼΣ¿Խˡ
ֻǡ
ǧע⵽΢ʵôˣ
㣬ǲҲǺһ߱Ҫǧһ־ͣĹȥȴκ˶Ҫ࣬һ޷ϵģ뵽ڷǧ岻úпСʱûչ˺µĲ;һһۡ
ǧƺǿе֮ɫȷӲҪ˵ǵȷģֻȴҲûôѹ
գգ۾ԡ
ôʹ࣬ҵ׻Ǯ˵ĺӣֻҪ㹻õıҾܻ㹻ҽԴҾҪӵԼȨҲ÷㣬һʼҵͱͨҪ̫࣬ͨ˵Ļ
ǧû˵ȥҲõûļҾͨ˿¾ֱȥ˰ɡ
ͻȻã磬һ̫ʵˡ
Ҫ롣ǧ㳯֡
ɻĿ˹ȥȴԷͻȻ࣬һ̾˫֧סԼԼٰѷǧѹˡ
ȻǧͻȻͻȻĶ˵¡
ʶľ˳ŷǧĻˣպ˷ǧ˫ϣȻ̫ȴҲܸܵ˸·¶ȣǧ˫ȴҪӵˡ
оǧ㱧סԼͷؿڣʶոͦأ÷ǧ㿿ĸͬʱҲע⵽Լ𽥳ֶСӡ
ǧƺǷСĻ͵͵Ц˳֪ǧЦʲôĲС
ǧؿдܻ;ĩ·֮ʱһϣġ
ɻʵ˵𣿡
ǧҡҡͷ˲ؿڣ¶ļ֮ϣ˵ҡ
׷ǧָʲôʣʵʲô⣬˰ס˷ǧ㣺ͬģϽ𡣡
Ƿ𣿡ǧʵ
Ϲ
ǧЦˣӵЦ𽥵Ĵ˷ǧѵûֵЦԼؿڣЦĲ޷ƵıȾЦݡ
ͷǧ֮󣬷˶ԼЩ˸ɻ֡
Էʱ򿴵һ£º͵Цݣһͷˮ
ƺǿɻָָؿ¶ƤͷһԼûڵĵطȻӳһǳԵĺۡ

ǧ΢΢Ʋ񣬷ǳĹسԼǰʳߴϵͳ
ǧԵµİӡ۱߸˷֣ۻ㣨+5ۻ㣨+35

Դʼͷǧѧϰ֮һȫһ
ǸѧΪ˹ѾʼѧϰװһֱȫĵͶ뵽ѧϰ֮УпΣϴ󲿷ʱ䶼ѧϰιΪѧϰͷе̾Ϊֹ
ԭΪֻȶȣȴôû뵽ʱķչ̶Ȳ˷ҲܸܵصķչŮ𽥵Ŀʼӵֱ˵ǽСȴ𽥱ǿ֧ļ
 ûԭĽǿҵӰ쵽һˣÿ۵ĵͷ˯ȴ˿û˵ƣ֡
ķ˿ȻڼͻһȻչǺôҲĽչţҲ𽥵ĴԼֱпһСǮǮ
ϣͻȻ˵㣬˵ٵʱڹ˾ʵϰΪ˷Ҵס˾ȥ
㲻ż𣿡
ҲǻŹ˾ż٣ҲͽһֻǷ˵ǺæµʱʱҲѧܶණ˵
ûκųģץ

ѵǺֵܿ
ǰҵ֮ûйԼԼġ
ԺΪ˱ֱӽԼСĹڹ˾Ķȫ˻˷ǧ㣬͸ûϰһ˵ˡ
һۼæµȴҲÿȻһķǧ㣬͵͵ĴյԱߣô˼𣿡
˼ͷ
ȷ˼ǧʱڲԶ˵Ȼңڹ˾ĵλȻͣĵģҲǿ̬Ȼ˼
ɫһ졣
˲ˡ
ڹ˾ǾС쵼İ˭ϲ쵼أ
ڹ˾Ҳ쵼С˵
ɵˣʲôʱ򣿡
һ㶣㣬˾Ĺɷݣ֪𣿡
ͻȻһ亹ôйɷݣҲǰеĹɷݶ
ͻȻоһ㶣ΡΡĻعͷ˷ǧ


134 
ǧĿ, 㣬ɵԼλԶ, յĲҲ
ǧ㿴ǰʳȴͻȻζͬ
ǧǵĵڶ˸֮𽥵ԼµĲƲ֮ǽбԭĽݶȫˣҲǴʱʼȷġ
˽Э飬Э֮Сڵǲ֪ЩʲôֻһԵȫ
׻֪˶Ͼ޶ծԷǧһֱûͬת, Ϊֹʵ֪תƻǲġ
˶ǮȨǲûκ̰ģȴڿܿȫͺںԼһ㡣
ǧԶ׼ľȣ޷, Ҳ²ⲻ, δ֪Щꡣ
װǧϵԵ, Ҫ˽Ե, һ˾Ҫһ˵ȫڡȥδ, ǧѡԵĹȥѡԵ̹һУܸ, ѡ񽫻Ӱ쵽Եѡ񡣡
ѡ⣿
ǧпһ, ⼸Ѿȫ͸¶ȷ֪¡
ǷǧĬˣ֪ʲôѡõʲôĽ֣ڶ˸ǲȶһ˸᲻ٻԼ˽Ĺȥ᲻˶⿪Ľõڶ˸ʧȥ˽⣬һֱβܣ᲻һյֵסĵѹӶõڶ˸еסѹʧأ
ǧټĿûζԴѡΪֹµľ
ôˣͻȻ˷ǧĻ䡣
ǧԼʶлعƫͷѾ˺ܶΣֻڵڶ˸ʱǧž˵ĺÿ
յ쳣ݲݵĽͣ𣬶ڵҲڹܼҪ֮ȫˡ
оֻʣͷǧˡ
ȻΪͻȻķΧ仯ԵЩţ˵ǲʲôˣ
ģ̌ͷվߵҪϵͳʱ򷢲ѡǲǴѾʱʱˡ
Ҫѡ
ǧ²ţţһ֪ԭİǰ˳ǰ
Щ˼ץץգǲȻȵǸ
㲻ϲϰ𣿡ǧʵ
ɫһʱ¶˽ŵɫҲûУҲǣǡǣڵ˲ܲϰĻ˭ϰడ
Ϊʲôǧʵ
Ҫͷ⣬Ȼȴֵͷֱϵķǧ˫ۣȻ̧ͷȴ̧ͷȥرĴԭز֪롣
ǧ֪ڻţڶܣΪԼӰ޷Ķܷʽ
˽ģǧһζĲ
ͬϵͳĿǰΪֹûƭһѡϵͳȻϵͳѡôͱض·ߵͨġ
ϵͳҺ㡣
ܸǧĳűϵͳϵͳ֣سŵԲƻԵ񷢲лǧΡ
ǧ˿˽ģϣһʱը֮䡣
ȷǲȥ֪̽ĺûᣬǡ
ǧѡֱ⣬֮Ĺϵϵͳյǧѡڼ׶̹ףԵ̹֮׻ɣ ɹɹǧٴνףһ·ʧܣ۳ǧѾõĵߡѾʹõĵߡװеĵߡ
׶УΪ˱֤׶ǧ㲻ߵɣǧ㣬нٷ񡣡
ǧë΢ѾʮȷǷǳģȥ˽ˡ
뿴ңͱҰɡ ǧ˵
£ҲǷҪתȥǾЩǲҳȥ
תʵǲ⡣
ǧû˵ԵֵĪľͰ˷ǧ˵ĻתȥȻתȥȴ÷ǧĿֱĴ̴ĺ󱳣ˡ
ĪľЩһֱ֪ǧʲôھ͸֪ˡ
ѵ˵Լȥ÷ǧ㿴ȥ
ȻɴصԼСȻ¹լڼҵ֮ǰӵնûЩҲһˡ
ǧĶľôŵĨˡ
ûʲôµĻҡһֱأµĻٽҰӾˡ
ȻĶȴûгɹů¶ͻȻĺϡ
ѾЩĸ첲Ӻ潫סŵ˴ӷǧһֱеĵҩĿζܡ
ǧվӺӵ
Եվֱ壬ܵԼȥ֧ŷǧ㲻ȥ
ȻȴԤ֮ģǧԼ֧壬һһ
ס˷ǧ󣺡ţ
ǧϢĲԾӣ֪ÿŵʱҵĸо𣿡
ʵϵҡҡͷֲǷǧ㣬Ȼ˵Լ֪
ҺܸˣƺҵļˣҲҿˡ
Ī΢΢һסǧ΢ЩʵҲ
ȻȴͻȻסˣŷǧ㣬ǧ㵱ԼļˣܷԼʵԭ¡
Ҫ˵ǧ㿴ӦԭӰӣԼôûΣڷǧп˵ŵڵܷԭµĶĶ͡
ǧƺǲ˫ָսκηڵĻᡣ
ѾһˣһˣڵĵطůģҲصǸĮģ˫ۿֻб硣ǧ߼ĶС˵£Ѿ޷¶ȡ
ɫȻ죬ôû뵽ǧȻ˵Ļ
Դᵽ˷ǧҵԱ֮ϾûǸԼ˯ǻŷǧһ˯
ΪǧǴͬôʱ䣬＾ȹ˵ĵһꡣ
ҡͰ͵Ҫ˵ʲôȴʲô˵
һֱһ𡣡ǧԼ뷨Ҳһֱ˵ڵĳŵ
ͻȻ뵽˺ڲ֮ǰǧҲͻȻ˵Ҫ뿪ҡʲôůĶפһкϲá
ҡԭǻزˣӦÿԴԭһֱڷǧ߰ɣŵӣе˵ĳŵҲǡ
ǧ̾˿ȥҽòã
һ챻Լĩˣʱҿ϶ȥġֱΪ˵顣
ȥȥǧսлѣȥҽ𣿡
һ
ҽ
ɴ۾ôţԼֻǲϲȥϰ࣬ôڷǧоͱˣ
ᱻȥԺɣ


135 
ҲҪڲ֮ͻȻҵĿ, ˷ǧĻǰ˺üǾֵĻͷΪͻȻѶûվ, 뿿һԵĲϵķǧ㣬һĨţɲϿǧ㣬ΪʲôҪȥԺ
ǧһĨ죺û˵ȥԺֻ˵ȥһҽҪ£һȫߡ
ΪʲôҪȥҽģҪţΪʲôͻȻ̸ҽ, ǲǷǧ֪ʲô
ǧҲû뵽ôҵķӦվǰֻҪǧ㿿һͱȻһǧ˽ӽжת˵, ǿԹͬѰıԭ, ֪˼ά, ֪ġȥ, ˽㣬˽Ǹ˸㡣
пһ˸񣿷ǧΪԼԭĸ˸
ȻȷͷβûιԼԭĲͬ, Ҳܲ²⵽ߵ˶Ӧǲ쳣ֻǴҲ˵Ϊ˶ǽԼˣΪʲôǧͻȻѡ
ѵ˵Ƿǧ͵ͷ
ǲͨԼʧ
ӶǷǧΪԼİ˶һֱŬĺװµĿ, ˶ˡ
Ͱ͵, ȴֱӱ¶˳
侲һ¡ǧҲԲ죬û뵽ȻĶԼĴ˽⡣
һǧô˵⻹ʲô׵ģǷ֪ԺԼû֮ǰһֱĶǿֻš
˽˽֮ö֢ҩ⿪ĽȻʹʧ
øʧǲԼȥһ㶼֪Լԭڵôˣʧûصԭǲ͵ڵڶ
ܵģʲô㣡ҾԣԣǲȥҽģǧҰ׵ɫһֱԷǧ㱾ܵչʶȥ۶Էһ뵽¹ԼͿʼǰ
ʱ򣬺·̷Լڷ̷ˣû뵽ǷǧԼˢ粻
侲һ¡ǧû뵽Ȼ˼Լ̫ͻأ
ܵģ룡Ȼյĺͷǧɿǧ԰׵ɫʲôݻ˵ȥɴŤͷͳ˲
ǧ赲Σü䡣
ߵ˷ǧߣǧܸһЩ
֪Լ˸񡣡ǧ΢΢Ŀûг꣬ڷźܶϲʳĲʱʦҲûгĶ΢΢üһֱϲʦʳϻŬĳ꣬ԲĲиʣˣȻ仰Ĵ̼˵϶ǹˡ
˵ĸ˸һìܵĶŮԣʵֻϣԸȽֹۣǳҲԸԼϻ˼ѵõĶкܺõۡ
ǧ㿴һȻֻԼ쳣̾˿˵ǲԸ˸ʧ𣿡
ǧ˽̶ܴϸ˸ĳֶΪ˱˸ȻʵϺܿǶ˸񻤵Ľ
ǧЩΪѵü䣺Ҫǿа˸ҲΪҿԭǸŮ˵Ĵڣֻ˽
һ뿪ķ˵˲ϣ˹ֵ֪̽˸ֻһ˵ʲôͻӰ쵽Ĵڣܶѭ򽥽ʤǲǳԸֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ܵõĽġ
Ҫκͨǧü䣬ͷֻۣҪ£Ҿ޷жԼĶԴ
룬˵鲢ûжԴĺͲİɡ
ǧȴ¶ʮεЦݣ
һֻġ
صԼϷҵʱŵҪ
ǲΪˣԷǧ̲סˣ
ڻ̲סԼðƻҪ
ʱͷƤ飬ӹ̫ˣԼԭˡ
ϷϣתתȦȦ˼Ӧô졣
ͷǧӴôҲ֪ǧһ˵˵һˣȻ˵Ҫȥҽ϶ӲҽĿơ
һΨᣬ괩鶼ˣǰһߣһʿһӣССӻָҲǲܵ顣
ڷǧΪԼǵڶ˸ҵҽ
֪Լʵǻ괩ҵĿɾǸѧʦ˰
˵ܣǧǸԭԭһŵô˼鶼˴ţǴɽקסпܵġ
ԽԽˣԽԽܣԼ͵͵ĺͷǧദôãԷǧҲϲҲͦϲģҲôһϲ˼ҵ׻ԭԼ͸֮ˡ
С˵꣬ͷ̷heأԼ߲ʲô³
Ȼ̧ͷȫǼᶨ֮ɫ
С
ԲԴУ
ϣǧԺ֮䣬ϵͳҪֱϵͳ˵ʲôǿҵ˯ȴȫ޷Լȳ˸˯֮С
ȻһΡ
վȫȻİĵطܵһжܿĺһ֮ңܺܺڣΨӷ͸ЩĹâǰȥ
ȻŲոǰȴͻȻѣȫİĵط۾ϤǧͻȻ˾޴ĿֻţʶҪȥѰһߵůȻֻһƬտҲ
޴ʧӿͷǧ˱Ŀ־УֱܷξʵͻȻһ˲䣬ԼѰ˵ĶأͺѰһһ
ǧҪȴ֣Ϥһֱڵʹбƽʱӵǧ㷢ңǲܿԼȫ¶ѾάӣԼܹĸܵš
ߴŵǧ㽹Ҫֿţȴָ̧ţ˫ۣͻȻ޷ֱԼǻ
ܣͻȻӶߴǧȻ֮䣬˫ۡ
ǰԼл谵ĵƹ⣬СҹưȻڽɢ͵ĹâرصĺܾƯСҹơ
ǧ˿ҲоѺƣ
ǧףԼǽΣȻΣȴľһ㡣
ܡһװƺǻû°࣬ղŵɫܲҸһ»ļ⡣
˵ʼǧ飬ǧûκη
еĲ޷жĸо̫ʵڻУڵĴٵģԼڲϵΡ
岢û⡣ڼ˵ܣһҪ㱨
ǧ΢΢Ŀʲô£
ˡ˵
һ˲ǧʲôʲôξȫɢӶ˵ʲô
İż·һϷĸϷһ˫ЬӣԼѯҪһпڽʮ뿪˷ҡʮϸ˵ڲ̽϶Ӧҳˡ
ǧ㣺


136 
ҳߣ
ǧü, ŭ𾪸Ρ
ҳȲ˵ߵ͵͵ŶСɹȥˣ˵, ǧʱؾĶֻҪж켣Ρ
ǧһë̺ǧ˵ôȷҳߵģ
յҵϢ֮ȥ鿴˵ķȷߵĶȷˡһ˵ţһ߽Ѿֻغõ͵͵ȥƵŸ˷ǧ㡣
ͷźɫףһɫźɫñӻ˺ɫΧͲûԼҪдڱˡ
ǧֻƫͷʹҲûҪǿȥҽķӦʵ̫ǿˡ
ⲻò÷ǧ㻳ôܵɵʲôȻʱƿĶ, ھ׷ȥԻӿܣһʱ䡣
ȥϢɡǧ뿪Լǿ˴ͷϵͳϢԼ˯֮ǰϵͳ˵Ļ
װǧ, ᶨѡҪ̽Եȥĵ·, Ϊξ֮, Ե˽Խ, ξݽԽÿκһѡжξ
ǧЩ, Ȼϵͳ˵߲Ҳ㣬ȴɶ˸
ǧǵԼΣΪûкʲôʵԵĽչξȫûκεջ, ģġ
ǧʶ̾˿ĸ˸ȻͻȻ, ֱ˸Ӧ鹹һʵԲŻԸϰԷ˸о޴Ĳͬ
ϲԳ΢־壬Կ־ͺԭ˸һηĸ˸ʲôǡ졯ôǸԼ鹹ôӰ
ǧͷԼⱾֻһƬѩ׺Ͳ޶ңĲиŬѾĴ˺ܶϢСߣ˸ӦһϸĲҸܹİԸ񣬴ϸͶԿɰпɿһԸȴƫƫǶԺ˽п־塣
˿̸ºͨ죬ʵһİ˽ͻ෽ֵ䣬ԻʵȥʮֻԾûûĿԣͷ·뵽ʲô˵ʲôһֿ֣Ӧη彻ġ
ǧ뿿ڴͷڼ˸֮һһϸĻ룬ϣҵͻƿڡ
ڶ֪Ȼҳ֮Ҳܾȣͷǧ̹˵ʱԼĶԻ
ʱ˵Լп󶨵ֻΪкܶɧϢԺܷҪһп˵
С̲֮סüòпѰɣ㲻Ҫ𣿡
˵ͷ˵ұܡ
С˵΢΢üһǧԴŲԼ̵ŮŮһʼ޴뵽չֳ˶ԷǧҳϣȥȷǸѵġ
׵ĳĽ㣬ѵаθ𣿡СЩ˻᲻Ҳһ׾ٵıѷǧ㡣
ϲܣҲӽ㣬֮䳳Ǻ飬ͷܴλͣʱҾҲӦϹϣͷܵ飬Լá˵
С۾òϣȷǾŮɳĺܿ죬֮ǰһȫ۵ŮȴԵĳʮǧ۹⡣
Ȼǧıȴ΢ͷܴλ͡
ǧ룬ǲӦǰãٲҳߵô
뿪ڶ죬ǧյСķǧж棬һȥס˾Ƶ꣬ûлؼңȻԼȥץڶ˾Ƶȥһһɣһ졣
ǧ뵽ҳ߻ҪϵϷͻȻЩЦá
˼άжô͸ƵģѵԼƽʱ谭ҹϷ
Ȼ뵽һǧı𽥵ĴӺЦΪԭҪʱ˯ʱ𴲣Ϊ˺һ˯һֱܹԼϢԡ
ʵ밾ҹϷΪԼԭû棬Թ
ҳˣû˹ˣˣ
ǧͻȻԼ
죬ɡ
쿪һƵ꣬ϴ衣
ǧÿһζһطǺ±鵽ӣֱӸЦˡ
ÿ쿴С㱨г̣һ߾һֿЦãһʼСʱ㱨һεСʱ㱨һΣǧͻȻþڿɢè䵽ȥʲôطʲôһڴʮ㡣
Ȼǿҵڴ֮޾ޣǧ㾭㿪ֱ䣬氲ʲôûС
ϴƵûκεľʵԣأ֮ǧĸֻֻܽǼ¼ԼϷʱ򾫲ʵĵ㣬˺ſκҪ׬ǮĸУƺֻǽ˺ŵһ¼ĵ㡣
ϲʲôǧһһԼ⡣
ϲϷϲóԵĶϲ
Ȼ֮أ
ΪһˣӦиĲŶԡ
Խ侲ȥ˼ԽǲһֱŵĿտһġ
˵ģƫš
죬Сһгȥҷǧ㣬Ȼվǰȴͣˡ
ҳߵǰǧ㻹ܺúõϰ๤Ѿ״̬òϣԷǧӰѾǼܿסˡ
ڴ˷ǧСһֱ࣬Žȥ
ǧڿг̵ʱɫƽСȴԵĲǧ㿴ļԽԽá
ֻһҾƵ𣿡ǧЩƮɻ˵
ǵģƺ̫ȶСһ˵ͷ̷йݵĽӴܿϧǵʱΪʵ̫ǵ˲ýӽϷ̷кܸߵķʶǲûȫ˵ĶԻ
ǧһ٣̷
Ϊʲô̫ȶǧʵ
סڵķͶŮڿ޹ɭ£ƵԱѯͰҹӾƵ˷ЩļȫдݸٵۿԵĺɫӦǿ޹ĺۼȻȥҹ俪Ϸ۵꣬Ϸۣһ߳һ߿ޡ
ЩЦĳɷǧȴһս
ʱۻϻѧУ֮ǰȥҹķ̷һˣȥһҵ羺ƵꡣС˵
ǧָ۽εķ֣ˡ
ҳˡ
ĻԼǱ˵ˣ˶û
Ǯ׬ĿصصԶĵطȡǮȻƵԶΪоɵӡ
òϿϷʱ䣬ȴ֪ΪʲôʼնϷϡ
Ȼ˵ҳߣȴܾãԼûҿɻء
һϣסˣĪľͿʼޣ־ԼûҪްǮгϷôֵΪʲôҪޣⲻе
־úܶˣֹסޣصıͷͣ
š
ĪѸٵ´ȥţվſڵķҲŵס
Ȼ󣬷ʵλˣǷҪ 

ڿްˣΪֹءʱվڷŮ˳˳ؿڡ

ҲҲû޵ôɡ


137 
, ˹˹Ϸ۵, һ߳һ߱һһԵֽõ߰㣬ܳʱ佫ȫӵͰȻٳٿޡ
ҹһֱ̲סĿⲻϵĿͨ죬ȴǲϵİϷͣȥǳϲģ
ϰ壬һϷۣҪս¹˿Ϳһ۳ԵĿ, Ҫ΢ɡ
ϰЦõһһҲ̲סſ˲֮ߵߣСŮȻҸ㻻һ벻ôģ
߳Ա߿ޣַҪԵģϰǹ죬ҵϷۺó, Ҳڸжɣ
۾ˮ̧ۿϰ, Ȼҡҡͷ, ֽߩߩ, Ϊζĥͷ˵Щǣǡ
ǺƯ, Ǳͨ죬۾ģǺƯģϰ̲ס, ִӴֽߣ˵ǼըҲͦóԵ, ҪҪԣ
̷һ۲ϣߣ̷ͻȻͣ½ŲһۻڿϷ۵棬ϤӰͻȻҰ֮Уͣ˽Ų۾ǸǹЦЦĻȡ
̷ôˣѻͷ
Ҽһˣȥкߡ̷룬ȻҡҡͷȻһɣȥԵըҹˣȻ͡
ѽߵը갡ܺóԣһȥ԰ɣ㣬㻨Ǯ̷໥Ÿ첲
̷۵׻⣺лл
ݺݵĵһٺݺ³Ȼͷϵʼ޷ȥ֪ϷֻΪڸԼ޵£ôû뵽Ȼı˿ޱ˴ˡ
µֻһͨͨϷۣΪʲôһԽԽĸоԱͿ˺۵ըۿϵͻȻԼǲ̫Լˡ
㣬Ȼ￴㡣ͻȻһϤĶһ˲ΪԼǱĶˣ̧ͷȴǸĪ˧ݵŮվǰҿ𣿡
оԼͷˣҲ˵ܾĻֻĳŷ̷Ķ档
̷Ϳʼͷ󣬵ͷֿʼ·ۣȻһ顣
Ϊʲôϵ̷ʵĴ˿ҲڣҲڣ͵Ե𣿡
̧ͷ˷̷һۣ۶ǱӣŲŷ̷ʲô֪һĺܡ
̷ƺıӣεЦˣȻװ֪ͽ㳳ܣǿǲˣģҶǵֻ֪ǳˡ
ݺݵĳ֪
̷Цͷ̷ӣͷԣȻٱһ
ϾǻѹİɣϾǽԸ񡣡̷ͻȻԹԵ˵ΪĳЩСʱŻͽ㳳ܣ˽㣬˹ԮĲ֪𣿡
ݺݵߩߩ顣
ȻȴĲϵ¡
ʱ̷óԼЯֽߩʱ۽ǵˮͣҲûԼָⴥżòľ롣
㲻Ҫòֽȥ۾ܡ̷˵ѹĻʵǿ޳Ҳûʲô˵ģ˭Ҳ޷Ȩ
ͷͶһȦ뷴˵֮ǰȷޣġ
ƺ˵һ㣬̷ԹԵ˵Ը񣬼һֱĸĸ޷͸˵νİɣ㣬κεĻһ˵ˣ˵Ļһ࣬ÿ˿ĽǶȲͬͻвͬĿ
Եգգ۾ˮ̷ֱϸĵҪȥһͷԸ÷̷
̷ıЩʧ䣬ȴֻεҡҡͷųң⣬Զ㣬Ҳ⣬ңӳʼͶйעңҶ⣬һдɣҲдʼһ˰㣬Ҳҵ˰
̷ıʧģǲСһίĺܣȻ۾ȴͻȻ˹ʡ
ոշ̷˵
̷Զˣ
ʲô콵£
̷ͻȻЩԻȴ˵һ죬ҵ뷨ҵĴϣܸһ˵Ļᡣ
롣
һ߸һߺݺݵĺһ۾ۡ
̷ͻȻ˵һ¿ҡ
ڶԷ̷Ļ¶˼ֺ档
֪һֱһݺЭ𣿡̷ͻȻʵ
еĿͻȻͣס
ʲô

˵ʲô
ͽһɣ֮ǰѾӰ룬ǷЭȴһֱûʧ̷΢΢ü֮ȫǶͬ飬㣬ҵЭ飬ϣ֪ҺͽǲͬģҲϣҵĻ
ɵˡ

ͷǧЭ飿
Ӧԭ
Ϊʲôǧ㲻ǺϲԭΪʲôЭ飿
ɻɫ̷¶˼ЦݣȻЦܿͱ
̷ٽһԣ㣬ϲһˣοǽˣǲȴϲ㡣

̷һβ۽ǣȻһȴָֽ
ᱻڷ̷ָϣ˳ָȥܿʧ̷˳ָ뵽ĵ飬սָסıˡ
㣬ҲϣǹϵеһˣϣΪġ̷ԽԽСͷ·ǺԼһʵ
ı鼫临ӣ̷òûֳɹתĿ˰ɣΪԼͷǧ㳳лɳ
ɲôܸպ˾ˣҲɳ
Ӳѡ
Եѡ
룬ԱһȵĴȫ˷̷ǰ
̷۵ϲ⣬ƺǽͬ⣬һ˿С
֮ǰһֱǿģϸš
Ȼۿŷ̷Ȼǿҵζ˲ζټش̼Ѹٷ˺ɫ۾ˮ̫Ĵ̼÷̷Կ³ˣǿо׽ȥģȥٳԼھͲõȥˡ
̷
òᡭ
ûڿްɣ
ȷǺޣһ뵽ǧˣļˣޡ
һؼңҲؼңǺԼһĵַȴȫûκιڸĸļ䣬ĴŶͼеĲͬ
˸ֵ·ڳҪѰ͸ĸһĵطһжֻڼ֮УûϤĵ棬޷Ļ䡣
ǹ¶ģףĸļĶԼҲԵ֧֡
ؼҡ
Լҡ
ȻطǧҲС
֪ԼʵҲǺżˣмˣʲôŸе
Ƿǧ㲻ϲԼϲǧ㡣
֮һֱˣһֱദˣһֱĵˣһֱչ˵ˡ
ûκļ磬ǧõļ䡣
Ȼǡ
ܶˡ
̫˼Լȥ
Ϊʲôû


138 
ǧڳϵʱ, ·֪ԼҪѰܵȸԾ, һֱѹŵǿҵ˼ڱ⡣
һֱΪ˼ɼĲʵֻΪbuffɵԼȥ˼ʱ򣬻һʼңϸϸܵĲ˼ʼ֮̾Уͬˮ֮һĥ
ʱ䣬ʱ䡣
ԼζԴģδĮģһһȥģӦȫûиоɡ
ǧ㿴ų, ʱСںͰߵ˴ϢͻȻߵ˾˵Ҹ㵼ߵĹ·ߣ˹
˾СһۣΪʲô˻
ǰеתге, ôͻȻˡ
, ҲҪ˰ɡС˿̫, ʹ˵˾, ǰϷ˯磬ϵ硣
ǧһСĻ˼
ǵϷ, ǧ㱻뵽Ϸڵʱ򣬴ӱ⵽ůڣǧֳΧ
, Լӱĵط൱һʱΧ¶ȣʼǱƽ˸ӱ, ڽǽܸܵȣѾ𽥵Ļָʻ
ǧ㿴ССѾõϢͷ˵ܣλѾҵˡ
С˹λǰ˾ŷǧ㣬ǴܴĺĿ⣬ǧΧ˵ĿԺںȴȻЩӦˡ
Ҫȥģҳߵš
ǲӦôøÿһأǲӦûױǲӦվÿž۵·˶أŻ᲻ء
һֱΧ˵ĺĿ⿴ţһηǧչԼò뷨
ϷڵĲ٣ΪѧУżٵԵкܶŮŮȺӵһ˶¶ʮֿЦݣǧ㿴ǣһǲǻĽ˵ַΧ
ҵˡСĻ¡
ȻС֮ǰǧѾʹĿıӰʱڴǰרע˵嶼ܿĳǳȫȥ
ǧ΢һε˷ǧҺ󷽣ʱרעı飬ĻѾߵλпһ˿ɱ
Ļʾʼ֮󣬼СԼٶ£䣬һһµڴĻľ޴һһһ߰ǳ⣬һģȥֱڴ󣬶ڴɱˣǧһο˱ַŭһ档
ǧ㣺
̫ˣȻﲢҪϷйŭģǧͻȻûģһһֱֱӴƤϣǧͷƤˡ
ϷڵҲע⵽ֱҪһĴ󣬹һЦҶĳڴ󣬴ͷβûд򵽼ֻǷߺ޵ģֱҪɴûʹõĴʵģҪֳֻ
ʱ˾Ķ˵ȫˮԼʹǻ˺ԼģȻ˷ŭĸĸ飬óĺˡ
ǧ㣺
Сʵ˵޹ϵ׶Σһ첻ϵĬϷ˰ɡ
ǧ㣺
ǧǴӵЩСţû̸ֻһ˼ʱ䣬⼸Ҳù
ݺݵһ漴һļҳ׼ȷʣȻ̧ͷǴʱĻ˸ŵĴսԼ¶֮ɫĵ󣬸ˡ
ȻҰȥȻٶɡϲ˵ййȻƽ졣
۾̻عͷվǰķǧ㡣
ǧ

ȫǷǧߣԿþ
ǧʵЩֻһֱϵʱǻߣǰķǧ㣬ǳ϶ˣֻһôܻѹȸС
ǧ˫ۣ΢΢˸ȴûƿ˵ԲӦøϸµĿ£㹵ͨ˵𣿡
գգ۾˵ͷԵúܣиոյİ
ǧ㿴˿Χ˵Ǹĵطҹʱ·һҿȥȽϰĿȵ꣬ȥɡ
а㷴
ͷ档
С֮̾Ѿȥ˿ȵ꣬Ϳȵϰȵһ졣
ڿȵʱ򣬲ŻȻԼȻڿȵ꣬ǰԼڴѧûкһֵطϲ˽ҲϲνֻϲǸûκ˵СССҡ
ǵһֵطͻȻǧ˵

ǧǳЦôţҵ岻ãֲҪƵĽи׼ƷӪʦͳʦĵģʵζôúȡ
ͷ֪Ҳ͵͵ʳʦҪһηǧȵϣֵζһֱΪǷǧĿζأȴû뵽ǧȻҲϲ
ܺȵģ˵õζǧ㲹
ʵǧĺϲ
ҲûҪ͵ԺȥҲʧ㲻Ը˸ʧôһĴڡǧȫκ뷨֪档
һ¡˷ǧĻܽţ˫һѾŵĳˣھ֮ǰһϣһ¡
ǧƯ۾ȻţǻҪ̹һУõ˷ǧ½⡣
һ˵еĻڿʼǧ˵ֲұ֤
ͷҿǧ㣺ʵʵϲģģһʼĺϲ㣬Ļϣǰȥ
ǧĻ಻ļӿ죬΢΢ķ졣
ϲ
֮дûбἰ
ڵķǧͻȻ׹֮ƺûκεıס
ѾˣѾܵ޽ܵĹϵһж̫Ȼˡ
Żûаȫ
ͻȻǧоԼļĲ
ãϰԵڽӵϵͳ֮Ϳʼ񣬶ȫ̽ò顣
ǧӦһ˵ʲôȥ
ͷǧܿԷĲ㳤ʱûпڣǧҲĵĵȴš
˿¶˵û˸ҲǸ˸Ҳ˵ԭǸԼ֣ǺͬͬգԼļͥҵĹȥһȫһˡꡣ
ǧ㣺
ǧɫ졣
о᲻Ƿǧû˵ͬתԽ𣿡
ǧ㣺
ס


139 
, ϸڴڵ㲻ͬҵļҾסڹһ׷, ļҾӰȫһҵļͥӦֺʽĺͨơ
ǧĳ۾
һ֮ͨͨңҰְֶҺܺãҲǣǺమҼʵ̫ãǰְ໥֣һ, ֹϴ룬Ȼѧ൫кܶʱˣְһҲһ㻨Ǯ, ͬѧۻһȥ滹ԺͰְһ㡣
ҼҵķǴ, ְһֱŬĻ, Ҹбҵϴѧ, ҲǼҸոջĵһ꣬ʱְͷһǮΪףҿǵĴѧ, ټϼΪûз󾭼õĿɣһҾҪȥһԼΡ
ʱķǳǳĸ, ֻôû뵽һλ, ڳΨһµǸˡ
ǧ㰲ţԼĸĸΪ޴ϰӱʵһ˹¶ڲŸĸ¶ȵķ
ɨ䣬Ǵȥĸ͵ûеõıӣÿڸĸҵſڣĿſյĴ-Ϸ
ĸߴȴ͵£ɼ͵ˣҲҲû˻ǳ
ĸ˫ʱѾʮ꣬ͥΪԣԵϵûԸݡ
һ˰ġ
Ǹ̵ͬıݣֻȫĵط
ǧ뿪죬ϵͳİ֮ÿ϶Ρ
ÿһζΣ˵ĻǧѾȫˡ
ȻһȫİķУİܹ磬װĴó۵ģĴʮܰİ裬ԼӵжమϧһС
ע⵽˷ڵӻϵƬһ֮ңܿ˵òƬŮȥЩƣΪ䲻ԵʣڵЩ仯
ǧ˲ӣһ䲻͸ķһЩҵ˫˴ԣЩңԱ߻ŸոʰȴûüƷȥһ˴Ҵææ뿪ģһлϢȴֻһƬʮֵı䡣
һǳ򵥵һļͥע⵽ľӣȻȴûпԼӰӡ
ǧÿ϶һжһȴ͸š
ŷ֨ԭһֱŵĹâľȻеĵԣӦƵʱͷڵǰΪŵƶѸٻͷŵľ֮ɫ
ڿ˵ʱ򣬷ǧˣǡ
ƽʱǻŬױ絫ǵͬЩ̬Ĵ񣬺ݣɫҰףȥһ顣
ƺǱŵǧ㲻ҶԼжĶͻξ˳
ڿһ˲䣬ǧǿҵĸоǰ
ڿ޷ԶŵʱǿֻţȻǾϲѸٵĴӵվϲŷǧķǧĿԼ-ﴩžϲĽк裡
ǧ㲻һͷ֪ʲôξ뿪
ܾ֮һǳģȴޱȵĵ
ǧξѸٻˣԼһ˲-ϣһһξе-֮ǰļҪӵĶӣĿֲмҪĥ
һʶȷޱȵѵģԺȫһΪĸ
ȵ׵ʱûκ˿԰޷õκ˵Ŀ϶ͳϣֻǸѡ
ǧ뵽ԼһѰϣѰſԣĲͬһʼվھ˵ļϡ
ңһͼıĴͥҪұԼֿɵõĶ
أ
ӵҸļͥһҹ׹ָͼıʲô
ΪۣǧоԼ-Ľ̶ȫλ½һԵĻ̲˷ǧ״˱ȻͻȻһְֻε˼ǵĲ
ǧƹߵˣǹѩ׵Ĳд޵ĺɫĺɫֱҪϹ˫ۣܿվڴͷаЦݡ
һִŮˣΪߺһˮŮˣǰ¶
ȫǸ߰ԸǧȴͻȻЦˣҪľģûǵ˽ģһԼŮˣ뷨һ
ΪɱԼɷǧȴ֪ǰǰҫźɫŮ˴˵
ʲôҿ֪𣿡÷ǧת񣬴ʱǰһģΪԵˡ
ǧͻȻϵͳ֮˵һ仰ԵѾλ
֮ǰһֱĸ˸ĵȴû뵽ȻǸ
û
ǲǻԤξȫ̵ĳȥ
룬Һܽ١ǧ˵
˷ǧĻ˸ǵϣǷΪô˵ڸϲҵģ
ǧ죬Ҫ˵ǣȻȴͣˡ
ע⵽ǧͣ٣˵ҽЩ˵Һǰ˲һˣܻܿزˣϲ˲ҡ
ǧע⵽ı飬ͻȻȻڳԭĴף
ദôʱңҪΪߵ˵ңչҲңǵҲңϲˣͷβҡԱ˵ҪԭҲԴеģϲ㣬ҲţұԼҲԲһܣŬܵ޷ƿصĵط
ᶨҲһŷǧԼ˼ά뷨
һẦ£ҲԻᷴϣִ֪࣬Ҫԭ뿴һֱĵķϣһᣬһܡ
ᶨŬģǧԼĶ
Ե
עһıԷδˡ
ôԷֿ
ǲ԰׵ģǧҲʲôȥ뷨
ǧ㲢ΪԼ˼·ʱδѹ
ǧӰɳվƹ˲輸ߣɻĿ֮£ǧס
ǧǿƵĽСĿռ֮޷ѣһȴǣ·°ڡ
йԣȴΪ-ԭ򱻴ˡ
һΣٱҽԺҲ¶ģҪ͵ǰļϵˣ׵ĽܵĹϵﵽ塣
ǧ㡣ǵļ϶˷ǧ֡
šǧ˵
İĵطֻʱѰҵ³ĵطûдûзûи·ûбȥ
ɼˣȴڷǧϣ̰Էǧǿƺռ
ĴԲѣ-ıȴŷǧոո׵ǸˣΡΡ֡


140 
ʵҲ͵͵, ǵĵһλʲôӡ
ӦǺģһǧһ顣
ӦһʮĴ, ϾǧǺܽġ
ӦкܺõķΧϾǧǮӦûϲΧĵط
ֻû뵽һطǼң˽ܵľƵ꣬ڴ֮ͥµĿ
СѾǰҽеĿѾʮƵĻǮ˳ȥһ˶û, Ҳܸıǿʵ
Լûطˣͮͮ-ȫȥ
ʱǧǱ۾ϣȻǺķ˼۵һָˣһֱƽĺӿ˲١
㶼Ҷ, Ӱ쵽˷ǧϢ
뵽ոյ, ̲סһ, ǧ㼴˴, Ϻǿơ
ʱԼֱۣǿԼµģڻϵǰ֡
̫߳ˡ
ԺԲ˼ٳˡ
ǧ۾, ϵͳϢ
ϲǧɹɻԵĹȥ׶ԴϵͳʮӺʼ
ϲǧͬԵɹͱƴֽΪܲɷֵͬһ, 㣨+1700
ϲǧõԵĸף㣨+1000
ϲǧͼΡ, ǧʱϵͳڲ鿴
ǧǷҪϵͳܾϵͳʼڼ䲻ɽκβǧ
ǧֻҪͼͻ㿪
һȴô㿪
еĸо֣һУڼζһԵľͿ͸
ϵͳ̳ǡһεļӵ㼫ḻԽ-£Σ-мĽȻȫָҲԾʹ˳Ϊһͨ˵-Ҳһ
һΣѡվ
ֻ÷ǧĳĬ²ƣЩЩЦԺҪôֵطôһԺô˰
ΪǧѾΰѣĵıԹû뵽ǧˣǧͻȻ˵ҽ
⣬֮ͥ£˷绯ɫˡ
㲻Ҳͦܵ𣿡ǧģ͸żЦĵ٩
ľǰķǧɴûôƤֳܲܲϲֵص㰡
ҼȵҪҵ뷨˲ʲôطˡ
ˣǧģԲеĽһǿĮ֮ͻȻᣬټ֮ͼÿݣľԼ޷ֿ
-岻ã˴-ȥ鷳ˡӲϣǧܹʶҪԡ
Ҳܵ- ǧ˵
֪ǧ㵽ΪԼᱻ-˵ڼдôϢϢϢĻᶼûУ;۵òˡ
ǧ㣺
ǧ㣺û۵òУֻеۡ
ǧ㣺ֻһش𣬻ȥҪ
ðɣ-Ĳ̫С
ǧĬˣϡãǧſҲе
վڵſڵСü䣬һ۷ǧ㷢Ϣͷ֣ԱһãȻĵϰ壬С˵ϰ壬ã̸һ̸չҵ̵飬ϣʱ̸֮⣬ȻܸĴҲǺźġ
ֻҲȷǸˣʤްɡ
ǧԼһδйʵξ֮Уһܵ˯ܷܿһУľҲƣ
ߣܸܵ޵ʺƽŨص˯⡣
ǧһֱϵͳļɵҲɢͻӵǿĲ壬ȴֵľѸ
ǧǻجΣجεԴ-ʹʹ֮޷һξ
ڣȴξ֮Уʵ˵İʡ
ٴ۾ʱ򣬷ǧ㷢ԼȻڼңӴҫİбҫڴϡ
ģֱۣ̌ɻԼ˫-ȡ
-塭
Щͬ
̫ˡ
ʱ޿̲ŵʹҲʹʧһ㡣
һɵĸоϵͳ鿨ʱ-ɣͺһֱѹ-ϵľʯŲͷԲۣᷢѵٹһϡ
ǧӴ-վֻҪվͻʹ˫-ȣڼҲûǿҵʹУͺ񼴱ӱܣҲҲһ㡣
һ

Ρ
ʵ-壬ϵͳ̳ǹ󣬻ǰδеĽ

ȻĻ˽
ҵ߽һС㣬ǸԼԵġ
ǧ˯ˣӿ˴ͷβһֱû˵ϳԷòʱȥҪ˵Сʳû뵽һǧվ˴̨ǰ
ʱǧת۾ͻȻýķǧ㣬˫۱ƽʱҪ
ܸˡ
˵֪ȥϲá
Ǵ
ҪҪϢϢķ̫ˡԼСһԵĲ輸ϣ˯ʱѾ-ˣ֡Ҳϴˡ
ǧĻ̧΢Լָһ뵽ԼΪʲôҪרŸǧϴɾ֣Ϳʼһ졣
õζǧ㴹۽ޣı鼫ᣬ쳣ĺÿһֱѾʧ˲٣վ˫ŵ⣬ϸȴž޴-壬ȴܿ
ЩûκɵĶǰԡ
ڲ֪֮䣬ǧøеĶصͷҷ
ǧͻȻЦˣ˵ϴɾˣҲãȥϴһˡ
סˡ
ôˣĪ˼ֲõԤС
Ҳ˵𣿻ȥǧ㼸ԼĿΣ۾Ҫֱӽһ㡣
࿪ʼĪľˣܸоڵķǧҪһ
侲ǧ㣬侲ո˽ҽ˵˥ҪϢصһҪ̫ۡͷƤ飬ɲ÷ǧҪ۵ô죬Լǧ-ͷֲô죿
Ҳ˵𣿡ǧ㲻ĻᣬûйѸٶǰֱץסֱۣš

ǧϲá
Ϊ˵õһ-ϲá
ʧȥ˫-ȵҪܣʧϣòģͿģΪʵǧȫ޷Լϲá
ʲôʲô˼άģʽʲôԸƽȣڵķǧֻҪһͳͳ׵Ժ󣬽һеϲȫϣڵİˣ
ոոԭ˲ٵ-ûзǧô죬Ƿǧȴᵽ״̬״̬£໥ӵĸо
ѵĿı顣
ƽȵĺȥ٩һС
Ժ޹˼ɵĽ붼ļ-
ǧֻͷƤһ飬һ̣޲ӵԶĴ-ϣ


141 
֡
÷ǧʵ̫ˡ
ǧ-岻, ÿζ˯Ϣɿϳ˳Ըʱڴ-Ϻķˡ
ǧľǰδеĳ, һֱҪһֱҪûûˣŷǧڵĹǺ۵ҹǿ˯˷ǧ㣬Ȼ۾Ķŷǧ㼴ĺҲƬ̲Ϣ
ǧĿûκɣɷǧ-;ڣǿ˶Ĳ-ʲôӰӶǲԣ˰عⷵʶԺйһһ飬һֱϸעŷǧĺԼһעǧôȥˡ
ǧĺ, һֱܰ˯˱仯ǹ¶Ͽһ㣬Ķ§ڻȫ̶ûѣ, ƽʱķǧо޴Ĳࡣ
ʱ, ڴֻϢ, ѽķǧ⿺ܵ˵һ, Էһûǽ˽ҽҽԺĲȫԷһ
ϱķǧһȴûǧһֱǳʱԷǧһʱ䶼ǼҪ, κ˷ѣԻϲ󣬳-ƣ
ŵ, ոϢȻǻǽǧ-״ɣ̫尾ˡ
Ȼǧķƽʱý, ǷǧһΣеӶ˶пԽ뷿Ȩο׿ϣƬ̣żҽƿֱӽ˷ڡ
뷿ĴŰ״ӵҽ˲ᶼҪˣ쿴ǧɣǲĳʲôⰡ¡
ҽǧ㻹˯׷ʮĿʼļһϵĲǧ㱧ڻҲЩ˼ҽͷǧ㶼ûд·
˼۷ǧ΢΢üʱǧ˫ۣע⵽һ˳ĿӣŷǧһǽļϲԱߵ˿
ǧע⵽ʱڽмҽʱ򣬵һζҽļ˷Ķ˭ǽģ
֮˶ĬˣʱΡΡĳǡҡ
ǧһ£ͷȥɱ§ڻůůôˣ㲻̫ˣ
ǧһ仰Աߵ˶סˡ
һһףǣ-ʲô⣬رƽʱûôġ
ע⵽˷ǧеĲ죬֮Ȼһ㣬һ£˵˶ȥɣû¡
ǧԼ-忪Цοڵķǧ˵-ʲôˣֱɫ佡º棬Ҫ˵ɫ-岻ЩҽῪʼԼרҵˡ
վڲԶһζԼȥ˼ֲȷ
ȥɡǧ˵
ʵҪһΪ𣿡
ˡǧ˵
뿪ˣڱûϵ-ûϵ𣿱ӲŰ
ǧգգ۾Цˣƽʱһ͸¶ЩƤ֮ɫȻûϵҲûϵ
˵һˣҪҽԺģţŲҪˣһҪע-塣
ȻǧȴЦͷļҧ֮ɫԶҪ-еıҺܺã㾡ܷɣȻú˯һ
һ㶣һǴһȥһ--塣
û£ұκʱҪãõ˯ʱʰʰȥϰࡣǧ𽥵ѬȾһǵ˯⣬ҪͱһϵĴ-˷ʱ䡣
÷ǧı쳣ֱ֣Ǹոտ˻СҰһʳ֪ζܲ˵Ĳͣ£ҪԵ졣
һԼ޷֧ŷǧޱ޼ʵǧֱǴС뱲ӵľ󲻶ϵͷţǵ׵˰ˣ˯ȥǧ㷢ʲôҲ˻ע⵽ںڷЩ
һɣһϽѸٵİ߷ǧǳǳĺżһǳǳЦĴЩѬѬģڱܿ뷨սʤǡ
ܵǧ㵱Ȼ֪ģĺۿԴ֪һû˯ĽԼǧЩۣȴ֪νԼӵϵͳȫûϵͳȣԼζҲ޷͡
ǧ˯ޱȺãԭûʹ˯˵ʣ§Ѿ뵽˯ǧ۾
˵鲻һԼӵϵͳ̶ܴӰ˵ĸ飬Ͼ֮ǰһȫǸϵͳҪġ
İĻӦﵽ-彡ĿģҲڻ᲻⣬Ժأȵƽ»᲻γһȥᡣ
ǧĴĺ󱳣ڰȴҲԼ˼ά
-˴룬д࣬ǸԼ-˽⣬Щ²ҪϵͳİڵʺҽҲָܹ״̬
ĸҲһжѾõķչϵͳѾûǰǿˣϵͳҪʲôڶ޷͸
ǧһĶͷȵϵͳѯϵͳҪϵͳԸδɻȥϵͳΪ
ȵϵͳȫ̹֮ϵͳ¡
ǧǺ˱ӣվ¹ҵԼ·ԼϣԼ֣һ˸ɾױݡ
վھͦεԼһοûвʹ֮վԼ
кܶ˺棬Ҳкܶ⡣
ɷǧûκһҪԼָʵ뷨
϶ʮҪڽ쳹׽
ǧ㴩·˴ߣѾ˯ǧȥգҲע⵽ԼָûĹƺѾڱԲҲϲˡ
ָĵĺָ˫ֺʮѾϵͷ
һһ붼˷ѣڣȴҪһ˷ÿһһ롣
ǧվţǧʱûжྪȣʵܣǷҪֱõȥأ
ˡǧ˿˼ɻĿ⣬ͳ֮κ˽ͣС˾ȥҽԺ顣
Ȼɻȴִ˷ǧ
Сǧʱˡ
վ֮µķǧ̷ڶߣױȴƽʱҪӵҫۣɫǿվߵ˶Ȼʧɫǧʱƫͷں˵ʲôʼչŵЦݣ̫׽ȴҲ˲Ըӽ
ǧʱע⵽СĿ⣬΢΢бۿС֮һ˲СͻȻ֣ǧܸߣûд߸Ьֻͨ·Сȴ÷ǧܸߡ
ܣɫܺáʱһԵ˾ͻȻ˵
ĳ𣿡ǧҲǸ˵ģظ˵ķϻ
˾󵨵´һ·ǧ㣬˵ҲҪˡ
СʱŷξȻûü˵ʲô
˾ŷǧ˫-ȣټ¶˼΢Цվĺȣûκǿ
Сסˡ


142 
ټҽԺΪ, ҽͲ˶æµţҽڸҵʱͻȻǰһ޳ϸӰ, ֻƳһۣȴʹֻͷٿһۡ
һλĺܸߵĶ̷Ůԣ·ҲڸŮԱȴ˿ԷɫƯ͸¶ŮеӢһ۾̲ס࿴ۣ̼͡
ȻҽȴͻȻһ㶣ɴ۾վŮ, ǸǷǧ
վķǧ㣿
ҽ˲佹Ѹٵߵ˷ǧߣߵСʿ˵ǶڸʲôϿ׼Ρ
Сʿ¶Ϊ֮ɫҽŷڸոյȷһѾƹΡ
ҽһ㶣̶Էǧ˵, Ĺͷ֧һֱվ, 
ΪʲôܣһҽĻķǧһηҽ, ھúõòˡ
ӵ˽ķǧѾ, ﶼΣվ˵֮䣬źԼ߱Լ˺ܶÿһ, ͻȻĳ˾޴УֱҪ˶ܹվˡ
»ĽϲȫΪ˵Լ˫Ž̤ʵصĸо, ÿһǰԼ߳ĸо
ҽˡʱǧ˽ҽ˷ǧǰ, ڿǧʱҲЩ𾪡
ҽ뿪ˣͻȻվҺǿ֮ɫķǧ㣬۶ɻ֮ɫ
ǧ˽ҽڿǧʱҲЩ죬ʵǺͼǸʼǲ԰ɫ·ʱѵȫͬڶɢĶһ˵ĸо
֮ԤģȽмɡҽŷǧ˫ȣЬӲʺϳʱߣɷǧ˫ȴվıֱҲ˿û֮ɫҽĳ𾪡
Сʱڷǧߣ۷ǧʲô鶼Ҫ·ʲôܿƵһ㡣
һԵ˾СĶð麹С룬Ȱο㲻Ҫ̫ġ
ôܲģ֪ܲǲǱ̼ˣ岻ܳʱվС۶ǵģȻѾУҴӸոտʼһֱ绰ȴû˽Ҳֻ˵ҲҪܡ
ܼҶô˵ˣҲöൣġ˾˵
ô˵ôɣС̷ȻЩŭ⡣
˾룬شǸ˷ôãʲôʱǿԼˣ
Сһ㶣ǧȷܼʿɶֹԼκ˶Ҫء
ôǵһΣҲŻġСķǧ㣬Ƭ̲ƿ
ʼǲܵġ˾˵ʱ䣬ԽԽˡ
ܵ뷨ͨ˶ܹ⣬˶ȡ𣿡СԷǧκͳ羴
˾̾˿֪Сǹڵķǧ㣬ϳҽͷǧԼ¾ֻСǧ۸ӵĲ֢ôˣԲŻġ
ڿǧʱ֪ǧˣÿһվȥͦΣʵ鸡޷վȣһһ屾ܵıŲʹĵطֳ˲ֲȻȴȫû״ˡ
ǧվĺȡ
һһ
ҽʱ֮õ˷ǧеı浥֮ŵķȥ˺üΣǧվҽǰЦЦĿŶԷƺҽ𾪡
̫˼ˣ̫˼ˣѵ漣𣿡ҽ૵ֱеļ鱨Ƿǧģû˸ڷǧļ鱨ֽţȻģܣϾۼһ漣һŮ˰ɣúõزɷòɷ㣬оо㣬㵽ôģ̫˼ˡ
һԵСҽȥıԼţ̲סʵʲô˼飬Ӧð鶼˵˰ɣ
ҽӵĿһ۷ǧ㣬СӦҲܿЩݣ֪ζʲô𣿡
СٲȻѾǷǧĽԱЩ濴ļҲԼľΪǧĻָ𾪡
һҹ֮ǰ൱ĲŷǧļѾȫʧ˼֮ǰ֮𣬾ͺһҹ֮һڵķǧͺһЩСĽΪͨһ
ǲǴţѾûΣˣСЩŵʵ
ûΣգڻļǿͨҩϢĵ״̬ģǿԱκõģҽ˵ܵԭܶҩﶼʹãڿʹҩԳҩĸãܿȫָΪһ˵塣
Сеı浥ԴһƬֱģ̧ͷվ߱˺ܶһֱ羴Ůˡ
ҽ˵ķǧܹ֧ŵʱԽԽ٣СҲŬ˼ʲô԰ǧĵطڡǧȻˡ
羴ˣˣȻһܹѲʹˡ
ô𣿡ǧͻȻʵ
Сһ㶣ʱŷԼȻڲ֪֮ˮ
ǧıЩԼһһִ飬ΪǨԼ鸶һȻиʱˣҲֶ룬ҲСһˡ
ǡСͷ˵̫ˣܣ̫ˣǡ
СѾҲܹԼĴˡ
ǧ۾Цں˴룬ԵĴʱͻˣҪæˡ
Сɵ㶵ĵ˵ͷȻ޵ͣ
Ҫǧ㣬ҪܣҪǿŮΪ֧ڻǵõʱǧǰڰĵ·һɲǣĸԸĽԼеʱ䶼Ŭ׸ıˡ
ڡͷ·һ㡣
˶𾪵Ŀ֮£ǧȴ޷Ƶϲá
װǧãϵͳϣܸڴΪ񡣡
ϵͳͻȻǧĶС
װǧãѾﵽάĳ̶ȣ¹ڳʼ״̬
ǧԵĸϵͳٶǧΪһ㽫ǧճΪлȡϵͳٷͨ񡣡
Ե໥ģǹĶԷĵεΣںԷķַ룬װǧ㣬ѧȥԼȥעԵɡ
ϵͳͻȻ÷ǧ˿ϵͳ⡣
һʼ˽⣬ģϲϵḶ́ôϵͳǴֶϰûϵͳҲܺദ
ҲǡϵͳΪ׼
ҪѧԼȥӦҲϵͳԼĿ˰ɡ
ϵͳǧĺϵͳ˵лл
ǧϵͳӦġ
ǧЦһ
˫۵ʱ򣬷ǧѾˣһʱ䣬ȥϰ˰ɡ
ڴϺܳʱ䣬۾Ӱڣûκ˷˼򵥵˯£СŽŲŷǧ鷿ȥ


143 
Сټı֮, һθоԭ鷿·ôңԶȻ֪ΪԼԵʡ
ȻʱӦһĴɨѾ, ˺١
ûκľͽ뵽ǧ鷿ʱͻȻԼ˵ܵǧΣѾֻͥܽɨĵطˡ
ټ鷿ͻȻԼҪҲһƴĹ̡
ŲҪȥ׷ǶԷ̷еЭ鹢ڻ뿴ǷЭǲĴڣдʲôֻһͨЭ飬ⲻ֪ץӸεҪŪ
鷿ڵĳ, ˿ǧ°ʱ䣬ߣӾսپ
㷭˵Ķ϶ǲµġ
ڷûмأǧļȫڻܣܱشȥȻԼҶƵǧ㿴ѽͰɡ
һ߷һ߷, ǧ칫ҵĶʵ̫, ֽļһһѵĶһ, ΪСһֱʰ¸޷ôɾ, ǧȻһħԭʱʮޣԷĹѾǲˡ
ôǧȫˣежбעۺ, ԼѧȴͼݵŶûнȥΣͻȻЩΡ
ԽǷԽǶԷǧŬеȣŬ, ŬѧϰŬĻĺۼʮֵ
зһ, ܺ񣬵ǿȥƮƮĺûзżƬԼĿջǽ˽ȥֻû뵽鿴Ʒʱˤˡ
һ㶣ϵƬǲʲôƬŵĶǷǧĵƬÿһƬзǧı鶼Įģʮʽ·Ȼ֤ա
ǧ鷿Ψһһᣬз˼ҳֻй֤գСѧУУѧ׵ףףףֻЩѡ
Ƭķǧ㼴ͨױͼѾɫ˺ܶ࣬ʵڸǷǧŨصĲյ۾ԵúܴһۿȥЩΡ
ڵķǧѾȫͬˡ
Ҳ൱ںӵʱͰְһƬڷǧ鷿ȴʲôûмǧĸס
Żԭλȴζ
һֺܵĸо鲼ġ
תѰһЩȥɵĶȴ
͵͵Ĵӷǧ鷿ź˿ȻûʲôЭҾЭ飬̷ô֪ģѵ˵լﻹ͵͵Žļ
صңԼϴһ裬ɵĽԼˤĴȥ˿ƣܹӻ⡣
ſڴϣԼָſŲĲһ£ָָ񻹴ڼ˿ĴУԾָȻ뵽ԼȻʲô֮˲
ǧҲ֪ôͻȻ˱仯ڻû߰˼άѹ
˸ָ˴ͷͻȻ¡
ͷӣߵĹŵȫҽҩƷҽƷһǵ÷ŵӦǷǧĲǳĶҺܺ񣬻ռͷ񣬷ǧҪԼֱĿһЩԼƿ
ڴͷĹӾͺħһע
һѲʱͻȻһļеļһֱ޷ƿ޷ԿصĽļȡ˳ɫļдֱֱбյĴ¶֮Ŵ
Э鼸ֳǰʱסˡ
˺ܳʱȥЭ飬·ŻȥʱǾš
ȻְЭóĶһַ˻ȥ
ɹЭ޷ݺͬдʲôˡ
ЭдĶкܶڽ֮ǰԼĶǣΪʲôܾЭ൱Ĳɸ˵Ķ棬൱޷ȥѾǰˡ
Э÷ǧԭĹϵͻȻ˷룬ЭϱֺͺİԭеȨԭԸЭôܻǩ
Эڵʲô
ô붼벻ס
ǴЭдġ桯
˵ǧǺϲԭģôһЭʱߣǧѵǲǿԭԲһֱ᲻øԷǩЭ
ΪԼȥǰⶨЭ飬òԼԭģǲڰЭĮıһЭ鵹˵ǹӶͬ
ѵ˵ΪʵǧһʼǲϲԭģǵĽǱģ
һδӴͷǷЭ˳ԼĿ
ǲǲ¶ˣǲǲ´ˣ
Э飬ԺͻȻðһ뷨
Ҫͷǧ顣
ͷǧԭֲ
ǧϲģôԼӦºͷǧһλŶԡ
Ƿǧ㲢ΪϲҲܱ¶ǧʵ͵͵Լıԡ
ǰ߸пܡ
ǧ߰ӣôܷϺǿԼһȻͼıԭأܵģԲܵģ
ǷЭ飬۾𽥷
ͷǧҲиµĿʼ
ǽԭѬĺ͹ϣ
һɹԼͲǷǧ޴Ҳļ̳ˣԼϵĵҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊʲôһʼû뵽أ
ΪʲôԼһֱսս뷽跨÷ǧֱأ
Ϊĺϲǧ㡣˵
ΪһʼǧǿҪŵĵһۣϲֿϣССϵ
ЭϣǩԼ֡
ǧζҪǧһ
ǧڻس̵ĳϣûκ׵Цһ
װǧɹԵǧ˵ϲ㣬㣨+10
ôˣܣʻСʵ
ûʲôǧ۾Ц
ܣԭһģڻȥλʱ仹üҪȥȥμӻ飿Сʵ
飿ǧ΢΢ü뵽˽챾Ԥг̣˵ˣȥμӰɡ
õġС˵
Ȼǧȴ뵽ʲôˣȥμӻ顣
Сûκѯʣ˵õģ֪ͨ˾
ǧ㱾̰ģ֮ǰֶ벻ͬǧͻȻ˿δӵ˿˷ѵʱ䣬ҪȥȻٺúõ´һ
ʱı⣬ǧ绰ӵ绰Ķ洫һţ
ǧֻҪ޷Ƶϲãһֱѹֵĸ鲻ܹͬܵвϷӿůּЩϲĸ飬Ũĸˣ֡
һԷɡǧ۾Ц˵úÿһ㣬°ʱ˾ȥ㡣
Ŷش
Ҷ˵绰ǧ۾ͻȻС˵ȥԤһ߼ƵͳףҪȥס
Сһ٣ȥסûмǧⲻܼʱ־ͻᡭ
Ȼ뵽ǧ㻹ֵ챨浥С򴽣õģܡ


144 
ǧʮЧʵĻ, ׼ʱ°࣬˵Ŀ֮½, ɫ֮пյĳƣ෴żˬ֮ɫ
ܣҪĳθܲǺܺĲ͵㡣Сĵ˵ǶԷǧĵġ
ǵġǧ㵭һСǳЦУǲȥ
˲СˣƵǧûгԹ˵ûгԹζĶ, һлԳθɴ̼ʳﶼǷǧĽֹʳõķ롣
ŷǧ㣬Сֻ÷ǧǽеļѾȲҪһֱҳԵһһ
ǧ㼴ǵ˲СҲû뿪һԵĲϣǧСĵ, Ͼһ칫˾˿񶼷·ڻعⷵա
÷ǧܶ, ñʱʱ̶̿ᱻ, ԭһ˵ľȻ޾
Ƿǳ, ʵһζûĽʳ
Щʳ᲻һԻζ
ǧ۾ϲȴ, κεĵȴ˷ȴǰ˲ڵȴ֮еڴ, ˼ʵҪһ
׼ʱǰ, ȴıȽ
ˣͻȻӷǧһǧһ£һֱǰĵطȴô󣬡ǸܣǰһֻͻȻú͹ʱͷˣȥһ¡
ǧ㻺ͷʱ򣬴ɫͻȻĴɫȹźܺףķ˿صһƤͣ÷ǧǰһСĻǧĿͣ˺ܾãûԼȻסˡ
ӵĵ绰ʼҾں۴ʲôӵգȻ뵽ԼϵױûѾŬˣЩҵĵطҶˣôǴĺÿ𣿡
ǧ죬ͻȻЦˣ˶ã
Сʱɣ֪ôģ³ʱСĹͷô㲻ˡָĵĹ˹Լķ˿
ǧע⵽ԾĸĵطЩССңķ񣬴˼ֿɰ
ѾܺˡǧͻȻ΢΢˴ǣһҾʹʼɡ
𣿡գգ۾һ㯡
𣿡涼Ѿѩˣǧע⵽ƺΪȹ¶Žס
һֱ³ͽ꣬ʵô䡣΢˲˫ȣǧע⵽ˡ
ǧͻȻ˵
һ㶣Ĵһ£
ǧֱվһӷߣֱıϣ˫Ų˫ȡ
˶ɵˣǧȻǴſӣɴĲ񣬿Լ˫ȼǸŲ϶ܴȶȡ
һֱǧ¶Ǳģȥůǧ㣬ȴû뵽һԼܹӷǧϸܵů¶ȡ
գգ۾ŷǧ㣬֮˿Ǻټģգգ۾˵ǲǲ̫ز
ǧǳЦǲȻھȥҿõķ䣬ֱԼ᣿
գգ۾ҡҡͷȻ֪ԼΪʲôҡͷǾͬˣͻʲô鷢һ
Ȼ֮ڽʳʱǧŵ̬Ĵģ̲ס͵͵ѧŷǧĶʳ־ԼѧеĲѧţֲѧš
󲿷ʱ䶼ڿŷǧ㣬ǧ㵱ȻҲע⵽ע⣬΢΢ǡ
ԽôȫûҪ
ϲǧɹԵרעĿ⣬㣨
ó𣿡еĲ̱ȥ㣬ʵ
ǧͷ
θûвʵ
ǧǳЦ˵ôսսԺҲˣںܺãЩʳζҲζûκǿ
ͣһ£̽Ե˵֮ǰС˵ڻָĺܺãѾ˲ˣ𣿡
ǧͷӦ֮۾žϲϲ֮ɫԱȫĵĶֳ֪Լ彡֮˷ܵ顣
ǧ΢΢Ĺ𴽽ǣǱĵϲöȾƽֱȼЩ벻ΧĻȥһı
˶ˣдһͻȻ˵ø㡣
ʲôǧǳЦŵĽóȻڿʱ򣬷ǧıͻȻӲ
ļеĹϤɫǰǧ㼸һ˲ʲô
㴲ͷŵЭ飬ҷ˵Բ𣬲Ҿһûᣬɡļϵʱ򣬷ǧоԼһսѾůָ˲ָ⡣
Ķʵ̫ףڴͷӦǺҪĶԲɡ
˵֮ɣͺһ㶼ںһǧֻô˵죬Ȼȴǿ侲Լ
ϵͳѾٸκʾˣ侲
һܻ˼ǵԸôȻɣںԼ֮ȴͻȻǲģӦôȥ⡣
ӦöĻȥѯ뷨ȡ֡
Ѿദ൱ʱˣ鷢
ǧһʵΪʲôҪ飿
Ҳ֪ΪɣΪ룬ôڴͷ񣿡ʵ
ǧĬʼûü䣺Ҳ顣
Ȼ˵ǰ𣿡
ǧһ㶡
ǰ
ǰ
ǧ뵽ξǸĻɫŮˣԷϸЦڻܸԺС
ǡǧ޷ϣԼϲԭ𽥻ָ֮󣬸ǽ֮ǰȫӼбڵ
ǰ˴ǰʧĻء
ҲҪԭֻҪ㡣ǧ΢΢ȥж뵽ĵ֮𽥸ֵ
ҾɣҲǺǰǸ˶ϡЭ˹ȥȻ󣬷ܣ¿ʼ̸òã
ǧһ㶡
¿ʼ̸ȻףദԼᣬԵһǣһΡһ·ûĶòã۾ĶڴǴӽ鿪ʼǺеͨһǺúõһ
ǧ䵽ҵǰױһǵ۾ǧͻȻЦˡ
áǧһξԭЭҲô˳ۡ
ǧͻȻվѸٵ˵ݡ
һ㯣ôˣ
롣ǧֱקѹ˵ϲС
ǧպͺЦ֪ʲô˵ͰЭǰʱжߡ
ŶĪĴһ
ϲǧ㣬Ե˼ϣ໥ҪһŶ㣨+100
ǧЦһϵͳԼĺ̵ĳ


145 
ǧ뿿ڴ, һ·ѩ, ȥããһƬůȴܲ⣬ʱеЭ飬жһ֧޸
ЭǵΪ˺ԭ׶ϾϵʹЭ飬Ȼ൱ĲʵϼҲǽԭǮ֮ʲôߡ
˵飬మǧҲõϵͳĿ϶
һǺΣյ, Сһ㣬ɼ޷ȥΣȥԾͬħһ㣬ʱǧỳԼǲϵͳı
ǧ㽫ָ, Ҫܸ㹻̸ʽ , ֲ̫֪Լ, Ҫ̸, ̸ĺңٲʵ֧֡
ȻϲǮǲ̰, ǧ˼žļͥѺֻΣʹģӵ㹻Ǯ˵δزǰȫС
ǧ˼ʱָԾûŴ棬ϣ̫˯
ֵ˺, ˵϶ɱӵڶԷĺۼ
Ѿƣ˯˹ȥǧ˯ĸСʱ֮Ѿ, ȥΪ˱֤岻ƣôʱ˯ϣ˯ˡ
û ûѩ׵Ĵ۵װޣһƬůɫľƵǧƽ͡
ǧ΢΢ͷ˯Ĳʡ£ΪƲû΢΢ǧ̲סЦˣ뵽ϵĻ䣬ǧ΢΢򴽣ЩԳ
ȻܿǧֹסԼ뷨ȻʽķݣɵҲ֪Լ岢ûлָ״̬̫̫ԵĻԼ
ò׽Эõ״̬ǧ˿ͷ񣬵͡
Ǳǧѵģǧ͵Ķ˵緹ˣ緹ɲҪˣԶ
ԺĻشҲ緹
ǧЦ緹緹ó緹ˡ
緹֣Ժ΢תתȦѩ׵ı£Ժƣ˫ۣɵ˯⣺Թ𣿡
ڵ㡣ǧ˵
ŶȻ𴲳緹ԼԷǧ㻹ҪҲҪ÷ǧԱˣ˺ò׺õʳɶȥˡ
ǧԻûѵģͻȻǰǰһǣһĺۼ˰ƤϣǺĵط˲˹
ԡԷȥϴϿԷ𼱻ҪϰɫȹӣǧôĿ϶ǳҪԶ
ǧվһµ·ߣԼȴż򵥵·ֱȣȫĶҲĺˣǧҪǰչʾԼһ㣬°΢Цſǰ
˾һҪúóԶҪҰڴ·һ̧ͷͿǧ¶޳˫Ȱ׻ĻεΣתʵ
޸һЭ飬Ȼʱ䡣
ǧĻ£飡ԣ飡ǸϿȥ飬ּ°డ
֪˵϶ʵ˼ô˵仰ǧ㻹ûĲˬ
ôż𣿡ǧԼˡ
һߴ·һɫ㯣ͣ˵ǡˣ
ǧе˳
룬극ȥ룬Ͽȥϴ
Ŷ
ǧ㿴ûûεģĥ
취ûУǵȷͬ˵ֲһõĳʼ
ǰҲ˵ûκŮѣҲûκξԣ˳μѾǽ״̬ܶĶ̫ȻûĹ̡
ҡʵ
ǧֲԾ͵͵ĸԼգڸ΢ɲɬ
ôԼӲʵ϶ԴĻͲһŮֱӪഺڵʱֺγûĿء
ǧָԾΪԼ뷨еӡ
һȸ׵ġ
ôһΣȸװɡ
˾͵ֵʱ˾ıЩŹ֣ջͲסѯʵǸܣˣʲô
һ˻
顣ǧ㵭ĻشȻܣǧ㷢Լֿʼ
飿һֱƽ͵˾ʱ̲סɴ˫ۣصǿڵĺһȫû뵽Ȼô׵˵˳ǸΪʲôͻȻҪˣ𣿡
˾ıܹ죬Ͳûѡϲ͡ĸֱʳˡ
ûС˵飬ʱٽᡣ
˾ı˼ˣƬ̣˼ʲôֵôģȰ˽鲻ףǺþֱ飬鷳һѵĻǣһҪǰ
ǧ΢΢Ŀ˵ʲôֹˣɫƽ˵зִ硣
һ仰˾ûѵ˼ߴ˵˵ͷתصȥͣλˡ
ʱǧǰöߵķ˿۾ֱĿԼЦ˵ĳ˧ģÿ˵˶ϹϾġ
ǧ᣺ʱ𣿡
һ㶣Щ˼ץץͷʵǲ̫ⶼϰˣ١ְôңҵһõϱǻܸˡ
ǧգգ۾ǸŮˣ
ǧ㻹ǵԼ˵ͬǲܽģĸĸҲһһŮĽϣǧʾ⣬˵⻰ֻǵ٩ˡ
ɫһ˵Ҳ֪ǽ鲻⣬ǿ϶ϣҹĺܿĵģҺһܿģҾӦûΪҸ˵ġ
ʱŶӵǵ̸չͷ΢ָָǰĴڣ˵ǵĶ档
ǧ˵ͷûйᣬȻҲû̫עԷ˵ʲô
Ҫ𣿡ǧʵ
ûһ㶡
Ҫǰ˵ҽ׼ǧ˵
׼ʲô𣿡
ǧһ㶣¶˼ʮεЦݣҪôߣҪԼ
ǧ٩ɫı΢ѵĿԼ𣿡
ǧ㣺ԡ
Բ۾š
ͷһΣͷǧ㹲ͬӶԷϸܵĻĲ졣
ʱԱһֱķ̲סˣĿ˵鴰ڣ鴰棬ҪϹŶӡ
ǧĿ彡־޵˫ͬĮĿ˶ԷһۣûʲôȴѵĪĿһ
ûŴһԽ͵ģģ
ѵķɫʮֹ죬ȻǣͷŶӡ
˿ǽȴҶ˵ʲôˣĸоԵɭŲҿڡ
ǧĶϵͳʾ
ǧͬԵڸ׼İд̣˷ָ˼ָ㣨+50
ǧ㣺


146 
žһ, Сеıñסɫļ, 㶣Щѯʵܣĺ𣿡
ǧӦλЩ
ûлȥ𣿡Сɻ˵ܺãΪʲôͻȻˣ
ǧİ칫һϰΣҲȥˣǧ㽫ֱӷ˵ңȻܲϣټ, ȴҲòһֱΪ׵Ʒǧ˦˦ͷֵ˼άԺ˳˵ЭϵȥǵøǮ
Сıܸ, Ӻܾ֮ǰͿ͸ǧ, ʱֻܵԼӦǿ͸е, ڷǧȴ׾ٵˡ
ǧѵʵͷβûбͷһÿ϶һûκˣ
С, ̽ԵʵǷܣһֱߵҪҪأ
ǧ΢΢ü˼
ɡǧ΢΢
õ, ôڿʼһֹͣļӡСش
ȻǧȴüͷӾͲҪˣʱעİȫС
Сʲô˵õġ
ǧɫȻƽ, ֫ԱֳʱЩƵ顣
ܡʱţ֮󿴵Сɫ, ֻ㱨һЩĻͻȻסʵôˣ飿
ͷ֪𣿡Сˡ
ݺݵסˣվԭһԲû˵
ҡھ͸绰̻Ⱦȸǧ˵ܣҽе⣬ĵģʲô㲻˵һҪ΢侲侲Ҫ嶯ܿܽԼ˿϶Ǹġ
СһĿڣѾˡ
ɫ˲ҰףΡΡʵܣܡ⣬𣿡
ǧʱȫĶϣ򵥻Ӧһ䣺
СҲ֪ǲ϶ģ˲˿֪ˣܣĺ½ôʱѧϰҵΪԵʲűõģĹϵˣҲûʲô壬Ƿ񡭡ҪԼְأ
СЩȻû뵽Ȼô֮ھҪְľɴϣʱŷǧ㵹ѧ˼ơ
ȻǧȴȻû˼С룺ȷŷţڲǺˣȹҷʲô£
СŹ飬ǧһֱڹ֮еʱһֱעֻСǧڵϢ
ͻȻֻϳһϢ
ǧСʵ˻ⲻ÷ǧҪĹϢ
ǧʱǿϵϢɫɢһǧ˿ûй˼СԱţֱӴ
ǧ㣬Ϻãϰ𣿡
С໥һۣ׷ڶԷҵ˲ͬĸ
ǧһҲȥظֻҪûҪϢ;Բظķǧ˵ѾǷǳֵľٶˡ
ʣ𣿿ǿȥҲûгܳĵزΪʲôҪ飿ҿǧϢӳ̶ҲӦҪļư
淢ʲôɸ˵
رһ𣬷ǧ㿪ﴫ
ҪҪȥԼѽʱ𣿡

ǽ°ȥ˾ſڽ㣿

ϼŶ

ǧһĻظʮּ̣ۿɼıһʼҪˬ˺ܶ࣬ʱֻȥҲûôˣƯ۾΢΢̧𣺡
ԺĴӷǧ칫ڳʱһͷˮģȥǺ֮ǰһаΪʲôˣ˵ˣСӦ֪ûѵСҲ
ʵǾ֣Դʼǧѧϰʼ󲿷ʱ䶼סڷңȥ֮ûмһʼֲֵΪӦϷϷڿӦڼ
ʵֵĸоֻҪ绰ѯһ⵽ʲôȻԼµϢ˾ȻǷ̷
Է̷ǺܸӵģѧУͬʵԷ̷ӡǳã̷ò̸ܺ·˶ܺüõļҽ̣Ǻͷǧȫһĸ˸о
ǸŷǧʱˣǧԼͥų⣬̷ȻûʲôҲȷѺѾȫϣͼͥйǣķǧ㸴Ϲϵ
һֱʵͷ̷һֱʮ̵ּϵżϼ̷֣Ҫ׽ǧһֱûбڵȴҲ֪Լûʸ͵Щ
Ϻܶ鱾ͲҪ˵Ĳ֡
һҪ㣬㲻̫á
Ŀͷ˲˷̷Ҫʲô̽һ䣺ʲô𣿡
̷˵𣿡
Ҳô˵ġ
̷ڵ״̬𣿡
ǧرøĹ۵壬ظܵܺãӦòùൣġ
̷״̬ڻ𣿡
һ㶣Ϊʲô̷Ҫô𣿡
̷˵ͻȻתˣ׾ٵµ·ˣĲҲڲϸƣԲŻİɡ
ɻ֣һʺš
̷ҲӦ֪һʼʵϾЭ飬ǶǶԽˡ
ǽ㱾һĮˣԸĸ㣬㣬ͻȻ飬ʵû취˵㲢û˦˼Ͼڱá
˵˼ʱûϵĻûٺͷ̷ˡ
ȻĿŷ̷ԼϢôôò
Ǵ
ü䣬ΪԼһֱڷǧ£ܻܿӰ쵽̷ΪǧõĵλΪ˱һͷ̷ϵǿȥǳͽ׽ķ̷Լһ㼵Ķй
ЩϢͻȻ뵽᲻ʵûмģء
̷ϲûˡ
ǲֻԼԺеĹ룬ֻǷ̷أ
ͷֻЩ֣Ķ⣬ܲ
ʵŸո𴲣Լ˯˸þ
ûгܣû߰·ʹһŴ󴲣һӦúϤķ䣬ԼֻҪ۾뵽̸ĶֻڵʵҸ
Ժ𴲣̧ͷһտɫա
ҫڣѾӽ¥¼ûʲôˣſڴ̨ϣС¥µС԰ɹŶ̫ǣͻȻЩ㱡
һֱϴҫԼڷĽĵȴãʱ򻹻ŸĸôǷϵӣһٰ߳ȥѧ
ǵҪı뷨ȴնԼĵ
ɹ⣬ùâڡ
ΪǧҪ⡣


147 
۾Ŵ, ˼ȫתŷǧ¡
ǧĸ̥Ҳ, Ҳһ̸˶ǲ۲۵ĳ̸ҪʲôҲ㯡
վ˷¹񣬿ĿĻԭĻ·һ˲ʧ
ڷңԭĶѾڲ֪л˸飬רһķ, ӦǷŸ߼·ƶÿĸңȫԼϹʮֱ˵·Ѿԭĺۼˡ
ĵץסЩ·ˣԭҲŬ, ѾĻҪıһǰ, ûʸ˵ʲôġ
ʵ, Щź
Լ, ˷ǧ㡣
ϾԼϵԼᣬǴúôһģЩ·ܴ, ȥһԼᴩ·
˿ֻĴͻȻûǮеѡ
ļͥԣӶǴ߿ոջ, мʵĸ׵Էʱ
ǮȻܶ࣬δԺ󼸲ͨأ
ſǮ˳˼, ڵķǧˣҲһֱ˳ͻȻΣأǲӦðǮԷһء
ǧæôʱ䣬ҲҲϢǵʱ˻᲻簡
ڴϣŴΪһӵĴͻȻ׽⣬ǧô˵ǸС㣬ȻȴҲǴСߵģԺԼ϶˾͹˿Ӱ
ͻȻͻȻʼ顣
Ļ϶ҪзӰɣ»Ǻһİʱ϶Ҫ·ӵ鷿ɡ
أӦøٰԣǸױǸ񰡣ô˵δ϶ҪǮİǧˮƽλ϶ܸ̫˻ᱻ˿ġ
ǧһµ㻨ǮҪ٣ԼǲҪ׬ǮȫϽϾܰѷǧǮԼǧڵʽɲƿص˵ġ
ǲ£Ƕأ
϶Ҫɣǧô˵ǸԵܲã϶ܶܶˣʱ϶Ҫдܶ˰ɣʱ򽻻ָָܻܲǧǮɣҲ̫ûгˡ
ǰ˵һ㣬ǧݳ޵ôʱˣԼĻ϶ҪߵεİɣԼ΢еģǾͲӦôǧ̫˵ȥθס̫˵ľƵ꣬ܲÿζ÷ǧ㻨Ǯɡ
ͻȻ˶ԼֱƵ룬ȻǷǧסƵǮ
ſڴϰ
аôǷϣҪİˣҪ׵İ
ء
ԭΪԼԺʳˣôû뵽һȻǿҵҪġ
ӽ쿪ʼˣʼ׬ǮϱУҹܿδţ
ɥŵҹֱӽӵ
ͻȻֻͷһһ㶣绰ǡǧĸ㡣
̫ûкϵͻȻĵ绰ͻȻ
ȻΪǧ㲻Լ˵飬ͷǧĸĸЩѣ˰
ԺҪʱ򣬿϶ǻͷǧĸĸ棡ÿп޵ĳһ˲͸ߴ羴
ΡΡĽ绰ʮֹ˵ι̺á
Ĭһ˵ڵʵˣ
ֻͷ˵ǣ˵ 
Щ⣬˻ˣ˶ˡ
ȻҲͦεģɻǱϹϾ˵ûУһֱ
㲢ûķУ˵ͷǧˣ
Ǹ̰˵ô¶úú˵˵ϾԺҪġ
ǧıˣûͼش
ԶԶԶԣɺˣˣ·ܳԺܶණ˱ǰ˲֪ٱһᵽǧ̲סˣ޲ȫ綼֪ǧ˸ȫ
𣿡˵ôڿʼͷҾһϵû˲ԺǧԶһ㡣

Ц˵ҿž;òɣŮ˸ܸҴκκôˣҲ㹻֤䵱ҵһˡ

㣺ԺҲҪڿ㣬ǧ㣬бõİ¡
ͻȻ͹Ҷ˵绰
ŵ绰һ±ơ
ͻȻ֮񾪿֡
绰
绰˼
ѵ˵Ǵٸǧһ
˶סˣѸٵĴ绰벦ȥԼͷǧֻʱԺҪٽģǧ÷ǧҸа
Ȼ˼ε绰û˽֮ͨɴֱˣסˣĶ˼ú˼˲ûš
ֻҪԭϾϵ˷ǧмͥˣˣ˵˼ɲͻ
ǧֺÿ
Ͻ
ǿ
Ǯеλ
ôŮŮ˰ֱż󰡣һ֣̿ûô࣬û˻ǲǰһķŵҰǶˣ
Ϊʲôô
Ϊʲôô޴
ʲô
ٰһ᲻ΪʲôҪ飡Ϊʲô
ֱڲõΪʲôҪ飬ΪʲôҪ飡
ǧϰ࣬ҪĴùܸڳϵʱȥԼᡣ
һԵСҲͬڽйȻͻȻ֮ǧðһ仰䲻ģСһ㶡
һԼ֮Ὺ-𣿡
һ仰ͻȻðĺѯʹϵ飬Сһ򶼺ܻ仰ȴûܷӦֻĬһ˵ϵܺõĻǻġ
ǧͷСӶǡ-
һǧʵһǰ׼Ƶ᲻Ե̫ˣ
СͻȻýĹļ尾룬ƽĻشһʼ뷨ģӦòᡣ
ûأǧʵ
С
СܣʵҲû̸
ǧͣĹͷʵƽʱӾ綼𣿡
Сʮ侲ıģеʱ䶼й̶İţڿӾ˷ʱ䣬пӾĻҸԸԼ
ԭΪǧ⣬ɷǧȴ֣عͷ
СԷǧķӦһͷˮò½˹״ֻ̬ǧ˵ĹĲϢһ°ɣһֱæôˡ
Сֱţо֣վܣҾ鲻ḻҿԳʱӾ磬벻Ҫɴҡ
ǧСľʧ룬͵ҲǴ㣬ֻǾ䣬ҲӦǳʱ̸ˡ
Сס˵
̸Ǻõ顣ǧС˫ۡ
С
Ĭ֮䣬ͻȻǧֻرʾǧ㵱ͷȥϢֻ洫
ǧ㣬㲻Ķ԰ɣ
Сһ㶼Ҹ


148 
ǧ, ҶԼʮ⣬е˶ʮֵԵ, 
һʼΪʵı־Ȼ󾭳ԼĸоȴӶǻ᲻ҸĸٸǧҵڶӶǷǧ㡣
ͬʱϵͳϵķʾ
ǧԵ໥˼ͬϲɺأ㣨+20
װǧŬɹΪܸļ˵ļϵͳ϶㣨+20
ǧʱעԵϢ, ׼㣨+20
ȵȵϢͣڷǧĶ𣬼ǷǧԼѾݸʵϵͳϵݵǧٻһա
ǧü䣬˵Ѿײ𣿡
װǧ, һκõҪʱ˺͵ȶ෽عͬ, ϵͳΪԵṩӷĳ͸ΪɵĽչ, ԵضҪĭ, һȷǧԵĹϵﵽܲɷ֣ϵͳɹ񣬲˳ǧ塣
ǧϵͳ˼, žһȷѾﵽԵϵͳͻ뿪ʧȥϵͳֻƾԼ໥, κϵͳĳʵ
ǧ˵ļʾɲԸΪѯһֱҶأ
ǧٻǲ̫Ӧ, ϵͳǽ˼ͨʾ¶˸ɸɾǧһ㶼
ܵǧķڻظǧ㣺ǧ飬ֽ׶εĲҪԣʾΪʾǧʱϵͳڽв鿴
ǧ򴽣ϵͳĽ顣
һ뵽ԺûͻȻʾ֣ǧһʱ֮ȻЩ㱣ԼĵǧȴЦˣʱһпܻԼ鲨飬ȴܹ޹˼ɵȥ˼ҲһĽ
Ǻֵĸ飬ϵͳȴĪһ˵ĸо
ʹ˲ͬļˡ
ȷͬ˵ĺú̸һǧҲĵȷȷǸܵۡ
ΪõԵʣǧҲʼҵķݣһԼᣬԱָĶͷܶĴܵǣ֣໥΢ЦһжǷǧûܡ
ϺһƵһҵ绰ֱ࣬ڹֱ﷢һЩϢ͹ڻֻһ˵ϢлôĵĻ֮зǧȻһʮԺĸоûȻһֱġ
ǧ㲢֪˵ʲôģֻҪѧʲôµĶǶһԣ˯һ𷢺ÿƬҹ͵͵ȥԼᣬȻȥֻһ˵ǧ֪ԼżӶ˶֪Īϵĸо˾÷ǳ̼
һµĸԣȻϸĵҲȷ̸̫ǻᾡܵĸǧ׼һЩСǧֳκʳﶼǰһ֮󣬸СＸСʳƷ
Ȼ󡭡
ǧۿɼ
ǧԼĳȥ壬վسϿԼصʱҲһ㶡
һֱԳԳԣ˸ָСԣȴ˿ûԼأֻû뵽Ȼôࡣ
°¡ǧ˽ҽ˵þеֿҲҪӦԺܶ£ҿأʵ˶״̬Ҳãˣˣͺÿˡ
ǧı仯˶˾Ҳż۷ǧԽʶĿʵ
ǧ㿴žԼҲܲԼı仯ҲܸܵԼȻûϵͳİǶദתҩ𲽻ָ壬ÿһˢԼ״̬
ҡ
һĺ÷ǧϰʱżȻ̧֮ͷĻʱûʹùĻϳԼӣԼǹŵЦݣԼ֮
ܵ״̬ȷܺáСڽܹٶȶƽʱֺܶ࣬Կóںת
СЩɣȻл˵
ôˣСע⵽ֹ
Ǹиʣܻе㲻̫õ⡣һֱŷСȻǸŷǧѧϰǴ󲿷ʱڽ̵ĶССһʮĵʦѵ飬ķᶨǿ˼֮ġ
ʲô£СΪ칤ɵĺܿ죬鵹ǲ
ΪͷΪϵͣڿǵĹϵܺã˵ϣ̸ԲģܾɺܻơЩɡ
Сգգ۾ķûע⵽ǣЩûбҪȥ˼Խ˼Խ޷õ𰸡
׼ȥķǧ˵ĶԻͣ
ӹ¶Ժԭڵɶ˵ĽӦԭ
ǧ뿿˼Ļѡڵأ
ǧĪƤһ
ʵҲ˵ʵͷܵĹϵһֱܺãҲûгܵҪֵĵزɣ̽ʵܡˣͽݵλ̫࣬᲻˶ЩŤأ
ӦȥѯСֱ˵ŤŤʼû˵ʲôı飬˵㵽˵ʲô
ǣң˾߹˾ԱͷܵĹϵӦǺܺõĶ԰ɣʲôŻǲأͻȻʵ
СشʲôȻͻȻϸ˼һĻ
СʲôϬȻסͼʲô𣿡
һ㶣ͣٵıС϶ǱȻ𵱳ķǧƺǺںʲôûرȥӣڿһЩڰڴ
ȻЩɣ˼ȥ˵̷һֱ죬ȻҾû˵ʲôֺÿһ仰ﶼаص˼̹ңκǣĽ߾裬ˣָо̷˵ĻУûвԵĵطҺ㯡
̷С΢΢üƺû뵽ͻȻ֣ͷ̷ûʲôڿûж𣿡
ҷ̷ҲԼᵽܵĸڸɫʵĶ󣬻˵飬ССȻѡʵİٽҵĳɳԡ̫ţֻһ¶Լ˼俴أǸĸĽ飬ӵĲζӡ
Щġ
˭ڸҰ£ʱǧͻȻ˴ţΪʲôʱǿֹЩĺͼУͼʱ䡣
ֻҪϷײϡ
ڵֻҪϢȻϷ
ⲻԾ
Ȼڱߥޡ


149 
Ѿܾöûйͥۻ, ˵Դӷǧλ֮ڷǧԷҵļ˶Į, ѡ˸ѣǧ㿿Լֶ˼֮λһֶӰĻڵķ˻ı
˭ǧƾưܵȾλ˭ûǸ÷ǧλǧģŷǧǧģҲͬǱ÷ǧĴ, ֱλ
ҶĻ̻̣зǧͻȻתѾȫļ˲лŽķҵһһ
ڴʱҵͻȻܵԷǧ룬ǧε˼ɵļ֮һν˼ͥۻᡣ
û˸ɵ, Ҳû˸Ҳ
ûܲ͸ǧʲô˼, ͬÿһ˶ŶԷǧ״Ŀ, Ĵš
һεǶڿҹ
Ὺʼ֮ǰ, ǧںԼᡣ
ԼǿӰڵӰ֮һһ緹һ߳һŵӰʲôصļ⡣
ҾӰļֵ, ȫ𣿡ʮֱĵһһ˼룬С͵͵Ů, Ȼһģ޷⡣
ǰǧΪ˵Ӱߵģֻʮֿɰ, ˵ ǮȨĴСôܻһ㶼еΪˣѡһ£ǮȨֶεĴСԴõİøöԷ־ֶβǡ
֮һ㶣㶵˵ʲôʲôֶΰ
ǮȨܶ࣬еǷлڲõǸŮ˹ԹԵԼĽ¡ǧɫܵĮ˵ʮֿ־Ļ
Ծ˿ڿˮʵҲǷҪвɰ֪˿϶߰ɣҪһĽѵǿŤĹϣ𣿡
С㵽ҪΪҪʣ˭֪ǧ΢ЦüϸױεƯ۾ֱĿж˽ˣҲҪС岻ǣ
Īľһ亹ȷǧ˵Ķûʲô⵫ǲ֪ΪʲôֻҪǧ˵ĻĪľ;һ亹
а𣿡ǧʵ
ʱûʲôţŽһȥֵģ˵һ¿ֹ̣Ҳǿȥĥĥʱ䡣ʱʵڵȴ ӦҵʮֵĿҲϣŷǧһ˳ӿҹ
Ҿٰһᡣǧ˵
ǧٰ᣿һ㶣ǧΪԭϲμʲôᣬԼ֮Ҳûмǧμκ罻ᣬǾ˵֮ǰϯһЩȽҪᣬҽԭŮ顣
ˣǧŮ顭а飬ǲǾͲˣ
ǡЩɵ˵ǲԼҪһ𣿡
ǵģ㲻Ըμᣬһǰ㡣ǧǴŵů⣬ģζʧԼ
㶵ĿǰƯŮˣԷеƺĿĽһ㡣
ǧ˵ûȤμ᣿ 
̻عѸٵ˵ѽ
ǧȻô׾ʹӦ˻Щ棺ô׾ͬˣ
ѵӦþܾ𣿡±
Ϊ㲢ϲᡣǧ˵
ǵģҵȷǲϲͷ˵ⲻҲԸμӰûȥǻкܶ๴ˣڿ˭ҪҿɵÿסˣҡҲϣ̫࣬ʲôط綼ԣֻҪڡ
ǧԼںҵ˼Уȴû˵ԼͬĸоһǼͥᣬ˶Ƿҵˡ
ɴ˫ۣ⡭⡭
ˣǧֵúЦ۾٩
ˣˣûһ·ͷֻͨᣬҵķкöԭڱ˵ˣʲôûа
ɲ봩Щ¶·ڳǰϹΣ˭֪᲻бȽϱصĳ˳ۡ
ǧǳЦ㲻Ҫصشκ·
üУúô·϶ᱻ˽ӣҿɲܳΪ㱻˽ӵɣ
ǧҡҡͷֻǼͥᣬȷûбҪرĻ
°ͣ˼żͥ˼
Ҵʲô·ȽϺãͼ
ʲôԡǧǸֳһ˿ǳǳĴŰЦݣû˸ҡ
סˡ
ͻȻ֮ãⲻһر򵥵ᡣ
ЩģǻǸŷǧص˷ң֪кܳһʱûˡ
ŰɫĴ³ž޴Ŀռȴů͵ĿռеʱЩ㱣ƽʱŲ̫һֻһƬµİɫ͵ĴȴҪչʾһ棬ĴžԵĸԣŵлķ㣬ټ֮൱ڿʼ׼ڷһЩҪĶ
ΪϰԵסθоԭʵͬӾеľ޴һĴ𾪵ݻ
ڷǧ󿴵˴ʱں˵ССѵõĴ˰ɫװȹƽʱӲɿȥ˼ŮеǴʮֵСװͷһ˿ȥʮֵĸ
ܡǧǰҶҲһкС㡣
һ㶣ͻȻע⵽Լĳƺƺб仯ģһʼС㣬żֹС㣬ΪԼݵı仯Լˣѵ˵ʵһʼһֱԹǵĸ仯
ʲô˵Ĺ۲ߣʵϲصģ
ҡҡͷԼԺֵ뷨ȫɢȥ
ܣĿǰѾȫ׼׵ʦѾʳģƵĹһʱӦþͻῪʼ
еĶѾźˣ׼ϣȥ鷿С˵
վڷǧ󣬿ŸûʵĴͻȻԼ룬캮洩ǳɫë³㣬źصЬ
ʱСһͻȻ˵С㣬֡
һ㶣֡
ϻкܶĿȻҲ׼൱̻ϻǷҵһֵҹϣܶܡ С˵
ȻЩܳСһֱ̫Ըڿƺ֮ǰ̬Ҫ̫ࡣ
ʱ¶ȵָĶĴһ£ʶĻعͷǧЦĶͷ֮󣬵ĴɨӶ˵棬뿿Ĵһǳǳǡ
ԣԼȥ棬Ķ֮ûбﶼȥǧıԱģҲ鷿ҡ
Ĵ˲䵱
еӶ˶رԵĵطӶƺѾ顣
ȻҲһЦһֱڵȴ˻ع顣
ɫ졣


150 
ǧ˵ļҪȥ鷿, Ϊ˵ʱ򲻸ȥ˼ҹܣΪ͸, ڴһȦЩ˼ΪݵԵ̬˱仯æòó֣ɴߡ
Ĳô¡һ𣿡ĹȫͣڵӾѤĳô룬ϾĿĴεĳŻװ޷ȥ˼¡
ûϵΪһǼͥۻᣬԼһûбҪн΢Цһ߸ԱߵӶָӦζڷΣһ߶˵, Ȼȥæµȴʲôܹˡ
⿴ʵǲ񲻾нһãȻĿŽ쳣µŮӶ˵ױݵŮӶˣӶҲ˻ױڿȥǵӾоĥƤ˾ɫ֮ľ¡
ΪܵӶϷҼͥģһЦŶ, ˵, ֮, ΪܵҪװ, ʵ״̬õװˡ
ܼңһл΢ЩߣǷҪأ һԵŮӶʵ
˵ĵ, ԼȥҸû˵ĵطŰɣȥĺæ
һæµͬСǻϿСˡ
صԭ, ȴѾûκϢȥѾȫһͷ, ĴǸɾѩ׵ɫǸƵꡣ
ȥԼϷңϷһƬȴú䣬豸еĵζڿӣ㴥˼طûаҳ߽߱ǽǶҲ۵ĺۼȻǾɨġ
ڵ羺ת˸ȦȻɫȴܹ죬Ȼȥһжǰһܾú˵ʲô
ʲôأ
ʶȥ˷ǧңĬ֪룬ǲ֪ǲӦýȥȻɻ֮ʱͻȻˡ
ŷ֣ѾԼԼվ̫˾Ȼֱӽˡ
˿һֹĸоʵ˵⡣
Ȼ뵽֮֮˲ͷӳ˹
Ƿǧķ䣬Ǹѩ׵ģֻĻڵĵطȴŲʮֵȻеѾʧͺǧȲҪЩʧԼǰһ
ںƯһȥԭΪ˷ǧӲ崲ҲȫĴ̣ܶܿɫֲͤͤڸ֮Уŵ㣬һֱ޷ɢҩˮζ
һɳϿԶǿյ̨װƷЩǵƵ׺ͷ·ǷǧԭŵͻȻĹһ㡣
ͻȻһƬǽͨƬǽͬͨµƺ͸ӻ֣кܶ򣬵ǲûȫƬֻڽеļƬ￴Լǧ͵͵Ƭ
ȫǵʲôʱǱʲôƬɷǧ㲢ϲƬ֮ǰʵΪϲġ
ϲһȫǧ·һҹ֮ͱһȰŮӣȴʧţվ·ܿǧָ⴩Ŷ̷޳˫ĿһԵ΢Цſģ
ǧʵĺܸ˰ɡ
ۿŷǧһһģҲܰЦϲԼһ浽ҹϲ͵͵ĴϲĳûעʱͻȻա
ǸϴŨصҩŮˣʼѡһЩζȽϵˮҩζһ㣬Կʱŵķ·ǹһζ
ڵķǧ㣬ĺܿġ
ڴ̨ϣŷǧ㣬ŵб̫߳Ųɵӣȫϲá
ҵ˽˷ǧĴͥʮڷǧͥ˿һͨ˼ôҲӦ⡭
ôˣô˰õڿô˵ʱ˲ˣ˫ȷҪô˵𣿡
ұײ࣬ԶףֻҪմߴʵ˶ˡʱСں󣬿ŵµ˵Щڿ˷ܴ漣۷֮˭һأ治֪жٸûյȴӲġԶס
סȻ˵Ȼͺã᳡ȻȥĺԣֻҪϸȥÿһ˶֮͸¶£ͺǿӪķΧһ˳ȥģء
ͷƤ飬Ȼ˷ǧĹ
С´һ˵쵹Ǳ֮ǰĺÿЩ
ɫҰףΪǴͦÿģʵϻ˼һǰ㡣
ôԼֻҪǺͷǧȥԼᶨȻúõʰʰ˭ϣԼ˵ǰֳÿһء
ȷ̫ۡСֱ˵
ҴôʲôⲻǷǧļͥۻ𣿡Ի󣬰Ȼ˵
Сɫ·ԭʵˮ汻һССʯ˼ȤζҲǣûʲôϵ
۾С̬֮вĳЩ쳣˵
ᶼ쿪ʼˣɷǧȴʼն棬ȥˣСȴһֱߣĿڣȥҷʲôܿ϶æԼ¡
ĽŲסͷ˺üСܾС̬Ⱥ֡
ڵûʲô¾Լȥ棬Ҫ˽ǿк˵ԱߵӶ˰æ˵Լı;С С˵
ȴͷѵʶ𣿡
ΪʲôҪʶ㣿Сüʾʡ
ô˵ͷǧһλ飬ҲӦиɣɼǵԭкܳһʱ䶼ڹ˾ģʶӦöʶ˰ɡ
ЩǲʶġС뵽ʲôͻȻһʼ磬ѵ㵱û𣿡
۾󣬼ֱԼģԭͷǧ飬ѵʽûУ˸֤
С뿪ıӰͻȻðһ뷨ҲšԼܷǧһν飿
գڴ۾ѾǷǧ㴩Ÿ߹ǵıʯ׺ĵĴɫɴĸͷǱֵƻãסϸ޳ɬָкЦһһ߹ģˡ
ûнûУ˷֣͵عһȦ
ʲôͻȻϤͷ̧ͷ׻ɴ˴ʱ洩һӵİɫװȥеСװļӸУʱͷ˫˷ܵĶڵ˵֣ôţߣѾʼˡ
ڵƹҫޱȵŮˣţһ̾Ļﶼ飬Ŀת
ôˣǧ㹴ǣɴҲֵĶ˹סָ۵˸ϸЦ⣬ҵŮ鲻Ҫ˰ɣ


151 
ǧǣ𽥵Ϊ, Ŀ˶СĶԻ᳡ʮֵѹ֣˴ķΧЩӦ, ǡ
ǧָԼʮָۣȫǯƵĲκĽǼǧֵҲģͺǾϵ˫һ㡣
һʼΪǧֻŮ飬ȻòԾ
ڷǧеһ˲䣬˶ֹͣ˽̸ֱӳķǧķ˹ܹĿĸ߰Ůڳɹ˿ӵߣݹ᾵Ľ̬˴ʹùĸ߸Ь, ߸ЬĲڵϷĽŲͬĹô˵ϣ𾪵
𾪺ŵĿ֮ ǧǣ֣һһߵ˵ġ
ϰһֱ˿, ˵ϰ߳ΪҰ, ȴ˿κܵ, ߸ߵͷ, Ȼ۾ҿκһˣȴܵչֳԼ̬߰
վڷǧߣװҲҪװ̩Ȼ, Ըǧ㶪
ǧ۽ǵע⵽ǿŵ΢΢ǣҪױĳ嶯
Դҽչ˾ôһֱûлٰ, λСǣΪҵһ, һֱ໥ͬ ǧ˵罻ȻȴͻȻһЦݣȻ˾ƽƽɫ
˲Χ˷ĳȻһЩǳģ֮ͼ˵ʲôȻȴǧһ˲ֹеĻ
ǧ΢˶̷µָˬĻȣ߰ԺģͬʱȴòϷǧĹҲǵȷ˿ãҲǶԹ˾зչȻλãҾͲǼˮ㣬ӴԺ˾ְλҸƾ£ҿɲֻѪԵҪˮķҪλϵġ
ǧİ˲ȼΧ˵ĻһҲǿĿɿڴԷǧĵΪޱȡ
ǧ㣬ǲ̫ˣǵǰʱ𣿡˲µ˲ˣôļҵ˭һ
ˣе㱳塣ǧ˿ں˶ۣµѾ׵ķ˹µƴƴվλãĸԸıãƾݷվλϣֻΪ˻ţΪ˻ĸʡ
ǧ㣬ɶҲһã˵
ôҵһأǧڽʾһ̽ȫ˳ȥʱ˵ֻﶼյϢʶʲôȥϢݣȻڲϢʲôʱ˲ɫࡣ
ǧ޹˼ɵù˾ľ޴ΪӪֶճΪը˲˵ġ
ô˾ܾ޴ʧġһԵ˲˵ǧ㣬ôҵġ
ǧ㵭Ц˵ΪЩ۵ļһǰʧҿ˷൱ʱ䣬ǰҲˣǲᵽڶΪԼǲİɣܱǸҶԣпޡ
ģҪģЩ˲Ұ׵ɫǧֻԼˬ
ǧ΢΢ǣǾͬģҲûϾѪԵϵĴ壬һߣպ˵ҵĹϵܺã˵ҲǣϾˣһֱϲƾϲ£˽
ǧǰ룬ѹţŬš
վڷǧ󣬿ŷǧıӰͻȻ˵ǧҪԭǩЭɡ
ǧ壬ЩˣҪԼ޷һ޷ٵһ֮ǰȥ֮󣬸ҷһ޴ըԭ˵Ǻܺõѡ
һ¡ǧ˵߶߶ͻȻǰҽɲΪôҲ˵ģҪһ˸˵飬Ҫˡ
ˣ

Ҫ飿ǡû׬ָǮôô죬Ϊʲôһ㷴Ӧʱ䣿
ΡΡ˵ǸǲӦǸһû׼ýָ
ǧЦͻȻӱ§˻Уһֻס۾Ķ˵ſָѼצӡ
Լ֮µʲôԼŵĿĺ٣ž͸оԼָһԱ塣
ڵ˫۵ƿӳֻյ֣ǧָָ֮ϵĽָָ֮ǰͷǧȥֵʱ򣬿ϵĿʽ͵͵ĺ͵Ա˵Ҫʽǰ˶Ԥöָ
ָļֵߣǿ׬Ǯļƻ֮УԷǧױ̨ĿװƷмֱǲֵһļֵѾһۿУҪͷǧ㹲Ķָˡ
ǧָ΢΢ڷǧָϺԼָͬĶָĴƹ֮⣬˲һԼС˼Ȼȫǧ㿴͸߾С
ÿζԵҺܱǧֻĶĵૣ˵ϢĶߣֱԼ˶ҿɲǱˣֻжŻô޴롣
ǲǸող𣿡ʱͻȻվ˳ֵʲôǶϷ𣿡
ǧ˲ɫҪǰĨĵĮ˲ոչȥ
һ˽صŮˣ飬Ҫ飬޹ذɣ衣ǧĳƺỵ̂һԶɪŵĸף͵ڶ״㲻ͬĸȻѾĮôĸ׾Ͳܺ͸һʶһء
ǣ裬ʲôҪһ¡ɫҰףڴ̫֮ͥܲӡ
ҽ飬ϣ֪ƫĵҿɲԸܵһίǧָϵĶָǣϣλҪҵˣҵ޶ȵġ
һǧˣȻʲô֪
̾ˣľ㣬ʶĿƺҪ֤ʲôȻȴͻȻǰߵķ̷
̷ɫҰף緢ģͬǧ֮гɺͲţƺǲܷܽǧȻȫ˵ʵ
̷ͷǧһԽʼնȽţ̷̧ͷվĹâɵĽ㣬СͻӰеԼڸԵС
е˵Ŀ⣬ĽģԹ޵ģģʵģֻͣڷǧϡ
վͬƽϣɷ̷ȴֻ÷ǧ̫̫࣬ȫ޷ľ롣
̷Ҫ㣬ȴһֶ˵ʲôɤӿڡ
ֱܵһĿԼϣ̷̧ȥ


152 
ںͷ̷˫۵˲, Īһ˿ĸо
ԭз̷ĸʼǹصģ޷͸ʲô, һʼΪԭӽǵԵʵ˷̷ȥ˷룬ĽӴ˷̷˵ʱԼ̷ǲ˿͸ġ
ֻ˵ʵ̷ԼԼʲô
һֵֻס˫ۣϤϢȷǷǧ㣬û㱻ڵʲôȴʮֵŷǧ㣬Ҳûκη֮ġ
ǧַµʱ, ԭվҰ֮еķ̷ˣĴһ£ѾҲ̷Ӱ
ɻ̧ͷǧȴͷ
վڴ֮УʱѾв˿ԼĿø, ָʶԼϵĶָ, ߵ˴ʱ˼ӦȷĶԴ
˼, , ģĵģǧٱضЩƫ, ûֻЩ˲֪ӦʲôķʽԼѾܹһ˵һ˿ʼԼ˵, ֮Ⱥˡ
ں˴򽻵Ѿ˼֮ģ뵽Ҫǧ, ӲסԼĳ嶯ǿڷǧߣ΢Цÿһˡ
ǧں̸ͷͿѾ̫յĴݣǣ̸ʱĶ˵ڳרŸϲʳȥ԰ɡ
һ㶣ΪʲôҪרʳڲǵʳ
ɻĿ֮£ǧָ˹ķ˿ָ֮·ڰʾʲô˲עʱĶԱ㣬Բ㣬ɡ
⻹ʲô˼˾Ͱˣʱɫͨ죬ӷϸо˿вԣ˲ΧɻĿĶӡ
Χѯʷǧ˵ʲôȥƽʱҪӼɷǧȴֻǳǳЦָĥָϵĶָЦ
ûȥ֪֪˷ǧ뷨֮Ҫôȥڳеһ١󲹡ʳ
Ҳǣǧ˲֪꣬ոտֿʼͼԼʱ򡭡ҹʱ򡭡ҲżôһºͷǧĸоҪ˵Խķǧˡ
ֻ΢̣뿪ӵĴ֮ĵ˷ҵС԰ĺҪһԼܹŵʱ䣬úõĸһ¡
Լһֱ׼ľϲԷɷϲͻȻ䵽˻ֱ˷ܵҪըԼҪݵľԼһ׷ǧ㣬ڿ˫򱼸ĺðɣ
ԼССļ۸ôĶָʱǾúܺÿƶزԤģΪԵָԽԽÿˡ
ٺٺ١̲ס¶ɵЦ֪ɵǸ˵Ҫ
ϲԸԳ˹顣ͻȻֵ˲ӵϵֵĻͷΪʲôɵʱᱻ˿أƽʱٻİ
ǰ˵ʱ¶һ˿ɻ󣺡̷
㡣̷ɫЩ԰ףɫ֮ȴǴżƣһֱ緢ŮڿȥȴǺܾöûкúϢһĴ׹ϲ㣬ڵõ˽ġ
Է̷л֪Ϊʲô˻ط򵥵ӦһҪӷ̷߹ȥйĽ飬ӷǧĽǶ˵̷ҲпޣôΪǧİ£Ӧúͷǧվͬһϡ
ȥܸˡͼ÷̷ʱ򣬷̷˵Ҽ𣬽ͲЦκЦҴС֪ǲЦݣǽֺóǡ
Ϊᵽ˷ǧ㣬뿪ĽŲ̷ͣ
һֱҶڿŽ㣬ǲκ˰ţܹᶨԼıģһһȥ£һֱǹ¸ߣ֮⣬ҪκˣȴκҪ
֪Ϊʲô̷ͻȻᵽ£ȴ˵ϣˡ
ǵġ̷ƫͷֻ֪һͨˣʼնϣǸǿģĴڣ˴ҪұŽ㣬ʵҸͲͽȣԶ޷ʱȵĴڡ
ǾԼҪκ˱Ȱ˵
ϣܺͽȣ˶ԱţʵҲ˵ҺͽĹϵ𣿡
еϷ̷Ի·
֮ܶʵ̷ǳϲǧɣôôӵ衣
ԭз̷Ϊǧѡ񸴳ҲˣǧʼտܶԼòûжٸ飬ΪһÿԼĽԼһһǿ˭жĽ֮ɡ
˿ֻһΪϲµˣпԭǾûҪ̫㲻ǲ
һ£Ҿ˰뿪
ͻȻ֮䣬̷סһ̻ͷͽʱס˵Ľ֮ʱĺܿġ
ʱǶѵ֪ģ
ĺһҪҾܾˣʱֻΪΪͽַڡҲòϣҶϲĸоġ̷Ŀ˸ţִֻҡҡͽм϶ڲͬˣͽһˣమģı˽㣬Ҳܸıҡ
ĪһļƤȫ̷˵ʲôӶƮš֡
ҺˣҿԴӦҾܾ𣿡̷Ŀд󣬱ʺϸֳãͰˣһ㣬Ҳһ㣬εĵ˺𣿡
ͻȻԱߴһݵľͷ̷ͬʱͷվԶһ֮ɫˣȻ
˲ͷƤ飬ĵֱве鶼ͻȻ˿ɿصķΧ
̷𣿷ſҽ㡣Ҫ˺˷̷
ΪʲôҪĽ㱾Ӧ𣿡̷ƺЩ⡣
ҵĽʲôʲôϵʱһǰͻȻץסһֻ֡
һҲԼ̷ĻԺǵĻ˸ͻȻ֮ʲôѵʵ̷ͲܷܽǧΪ
һ˲ĳɣȻųȴĵ׷䣬ѵҪҲĽ㣬
װǧãԭԵҳͻǧԵ겻ȣ޷ϣΪ˱֤Ե갲ȫԵ¹λ
ںߵ̸ķǧ۾Ȼ󣬽ɫ˲ҰףûκԤ׵ֱƿΧǰˣѸٵĳĳɱŶȥ
ϸ޳˫ĲıڼӲĵϣĶߺХļĲΪδйıܶ˷ܣǽ;


153 
ʱĳж, ڶ޷׼ȷĻʱװ羫µķͻȻǵ, ͻȻקס·
ǧ֣ŵӵ˫գ˫ֱ˫ۣҪȷʲôһ
Ȼһοǿķǧ¶˴ıʱһƾ˷̷ϣԼǵ⣬һ˲񿴵˱ŭ־ɭܵ˺¶ܲͼұ޷ֿʹ࣬һˡ
Ȼǰ, ʱ̧ͷԼĽ㣬ɫĮڰСʱ֮ǰ۵ʱǧȴǱ룬ʱļ, ˵һ䣺Ů, վˣ
һ仰ζʲô, ȴһ, оʲôڲܿơ
ǧˣðŷ壬ôûܸı䱻ʵ, ĺҵ˿εųͱͶǧ㣬ɷǧȴûа㾪ϲ֮ɫ
һ졣
˾ޱ䡣
˭֪һ뻹緢ķǧ㵽׷ʲô, ΪʲôһͻȻٱ
Сβҽ˽ҽտǧ-״, Ǳŵߡ
ʵ˵ʲôûоǲܵģϾһֱչԼĽ㣬̫ǿıԷһԴɵԼ˹¶Ժ֮ˣı仯ûһоġ
һֱû֤ݣҲ޷ϣ֮ŷԼԭҲ˽ģֻҪܸԼô棬ܶҲϰӶ
ڿһУҲ˴󵨵뷨Ŵʱȫһòȴǳװꡣ
ǧڲ뿴ڵеĽӴȫġ
ڿڵ֮˶ĸо
ڵ̫̫ˣһ۾ܿĳĵز
ɻǣԼĽ㣬ͻȻô׵ˣǾԲôģڵĽ㣬ķǳƽ
ǧˡ
Ҳĺأ֮ǰٿµĲû÷ǧκڵķǧȴȻֳһ޴Ĵģղֹ
ǶԼĽЩŵģȴС˹ŽԿףСôʲô˼ҲΪʲô㵽ڶûκοļ
ڰҹȥķ䣬Կ״򿪷ŵʱЩĽ᲻ͻȻһ٣Ͼűжô޺
ǸոմԡгƺǸոϴͷŰɫԡۣȥʡ
ѽⲻҵĺ𣿡 Ϸʣô
һ˲Ѿޱȷţ֮˵
Ͱ͵ĽԼȫȥƽȫԤϡ
ԭȼյĻһЦ𣬡ķǧû뵽ϲһǲǾʹǾһ֮ѣ
ԼĽ㳰Цŷǧ㣬ЦЦǸժĶָ
Ƕָһ˿ƽʱĻָӦѾ㶪
أͻȻʵô
㶣ͷɷϵʱõ붼ģûԭԼͻƵĿԣڵһж·ڸδ޵ġ
û˵ɽͺ뷨һ㣬ɫƽЦˡ
Ϥֻڽ֣˵һ񲡵ãˡ
һ˲Ľп˴ӵйƽ۾ĳЩƽģ˼ġ
ҺͷǧˡͻȻʹ˵ǵʿ˲ôҴҲֵ˲ٷǧĲƲɣ
ΪʲôҪ˵ĻΪʲôĽͻȻᵽһ磬뿪Ϸŵ֮ǰܿʼնЦŵģƺĸԸڱСķ
ڶ죬Сʹ̸˷ǧߡ
ǧɫҰף״̬ȥǱزʱҪڿСĶԻ֮˵ͷ
̷ôˣǧʵڷ̷Ҳ뿴ŮԼƤӵ»εˡ
ĸײûʲô飬ѾȷԴŷ̷ԼСȻΪʲôǧǿӲĽ̷ųߣԼԼӦúйء
ҪȷǵĵȷȷȥҰŵĵطǧ㻹ڷգȻǰʱҪ˺ܶࡣ
õġС˵
ǧС̾ȥȴǧˣûϵֻǷնѡ
ֻҪ޷´Ǹգ-ȴɿƣһжϵͳĽľϲ
ϵͳ̫ģ
ϵͳ˵ΪԵϵͳбҪԵϵ̶ȣһεתҲΪԾ󻼣ϾһʱյĹ
ϵͳйκƭ״ɼˣߣ޷ƽȥԴ
ϵͳ˵Ծף˼ǽֱӰߡ
Ϊһֱ谮ãҪġ
ʲôʱܼǧʵ
װǧã԰꣬ϵͳڶ˫м⣬˫Ȼһ˫ԭ-ʹȨת-ʹȨޣպ겻ȵ
ǧŬƽľ֪һֶֹΣﻹƵġ
һܻչԼˣϰ߱ȽϻңͻȻڿͻȻܲչԼڼﻹйܼҿŶԵ㷹һˡ
ǧ»صһ˵ģ
ϵͳҼǵҵĵиߣػ ǧ˵
ϵͳΪǧ䣬ҵһԵߣػʹúʱԵ״һ֡˻ΣԵʱܹǰԤ֪ʱװ䡣
װ䡣ǧ˵
һʼŭĵ侲ǧûϾȻмҪĴ
һԵߣػװɹ
ǧ˿١֪ǲǰȫ
-ΪЩƣǲ޻ȴ֮ʱҪɵ̫ࡣ
ǧվķſڣȻȴͣûĹϣ뿴һݣ¶ȫɫ
վſڣǧ㲢ûȫţǾţ뿴ģ
㲻ԸʱЦĿ֣ʲôʱǧ㻹ˣ 
ǧ㿴ԱߵС˲˷ǧ˼˵޷̸ĵط
ǧڿ뿪֮󣬲˵棬ĺܲĥһĥӡ
Ůˣκʱ򣬶ĺܡߵ
ȥ𣿡ǧûݣҪ-塣


154 
ȼһ֧, ڴͷҪ, ̽βĸܣ˿۾ȥʮܣֻһ֮ǧȴŵ̵ζ֮ʱָսȴɿ
˵ķʱĲ嶼ˣһΪһأڿǻó
ǧ۾㻹һᡣ
ҴûҪκϲȻ˵仰֮ȴͣһ, ƺЩ꣬˿̣³Щ֮뵽ʲôƵģͻȻ¶Ц, , ǧ, һȤ벻
ǧ㿿ǽ, ñǽڻΪն̵壬Ҳ΢֧һԼΪЩʲô
ڵʵ𣿡ʵ
ʲô˼ǧü
ûڵֻܿһӰأ뵽˿һС˵, һС˵һԸ㽲£Ҫ𣿡
ǧĽƽͺ, ͺҪַͨʽڵһֻҪܻ, κ¡
Ȼ˵Ķȴ𽥵ĳ˷ǧ
ϵͳ˵Ķ𣿡ǧʵڵ磬ȻֻһС˵
װǧãڼʵ赣ǡ
ϵͳκλش𣬵Ļش𣬲ֱȷ𣿷ǧûԼȻǣų׵Ϊʲô̷ļĦᵼ겻ȡ
Ҳ÷̷мĻˡǧɫûȫ˵ȫһЩ
ΪܲˣҲΪԼѹµľĺǰ֪ͿԷδȻ
ǲǲңǧüͷʣ޷֤ԼΪǺϸġ
ôû뵽ҾȻǸŮ䡣ʱȴڷЦҵĴڣҵļȻΪ˳Ǹ޴úİˡ
ǧüʱе
ǸҪļˡȫǰƽ
ǧ㵹Ƕķʾмֺ棬ӦþֻôǲǿԹԹԵİó
Ȼȴûֱ˵ᣬͣˣܾ֮¿ڣ˵ǵһôƽĶԻɣ
ǡǧ۾
ǸҾȻܷģΪԶܶκ˳ءЦ
𣿡ǧҲЦЦЦݣȷҶԶܳģϾǻȥˡ
һ㶣ͻȻЦ㶼֪ˣ
ǧ㰲ЦһֱûκλӦʲôЦġ
һʼ֪Ľ֣֪Լܣͻ̷Ҳ֪Լ綼ͷ̷ţմ֮֡
֮£һ˻ôѡ񣿻ѡǻѡºͷ̷ùϵٴĽǶҪ棬鱾֪ΪԼıõķչͷ̷ùϵҲǱҪġ
ȴѡ˺һѡֱֻʱǧΪ˶١
֪
֪Լܺͷ̷ԡ
ѡ
ǧ㴹˫ͻȻʵϵͳһжò峹װѲ֢
ϵͳΪгһݣǧһڵ㣬ֻҪһΡ
һΣȫΪһˡ
ǧ㡣ڷǧ˼֮ʱ뿪ǰɣ
ǧ㲢ϡ
Ĭ˺ܾãƺ˺üڵ̣һ̾Ϣá
Ը뿪
ǧѾԼԼµĽˣԴӻ֮״̬Ժ֮ǰ̫һôʱ䶼ûκεıͽܰʮıһпȥǳȻȻȻġ
ǹ¶粻ʲô֮˵ο˵Ѿġ
ڵı䣬ԷһǧԲͷ̷ͷ˵˽Ҳã˵ǱҲգΪǵνİơ
ͬѡһҲһУѡ
ҡ
ڵӦ廥ˣ֪淢ʲôȻǽŵĥ˲٣ľ״̬ĺܰ
ÿ˶ÿ˵Ļ
Ҳ
ϵͳҿһæ𣿡ǧʵ
ʱϵͳ˼ߣʹػ֮󣬻ʣ´ͺϬ
ͣͻʵƣκεط˲䴫͵Եߡ
Ϭʮ֮ںͨᵽ仯
λãǧڻǲϵͳԤϵ˻鷢Żߡ
ػٲ̫ȫ
װǧ㣬ԵϵͳΪǧԵҺʵԵδǧҪϵͳԭĿҪϵͳɲΪǧṩ
ǧ΢΢ǣ˵ңʵʱʹôͺϬ
ѾΪǧװߡ͡͵ߡϬһϵͳ⵽ʺϻԶʹãǧʱñ͵׼
ǧ˿лл
ǧϤĻ֮Уȴ־İԼȫȫ֮ǰѾа۵ȫߣӲΪԼרõķþ֮󣬿ȥѾһķûʲôˡ
ǡ
Ĵǧ㶼ܿóµССá
˵ΪսǵĻ裬Ϊ֪Ϊʲôÿ߹սǶߵ裬Ϊ˷ֹԼѻ߻˺ΧȫĻ豻ĿЦ֮˶ûв
˵ڷ¥ϣϲԼ֮͵ССƷ¥ݵķϣװ޺Ưķڹ˻̵ĶʵһѾӶڴɨʱ򻹻ŰЩСһ¡
ϲֲֲǿͺڷưܵ壬ĴܹڷŵĻ裬иСϰߣϲ򻨣ÿһ󣬲ҾСɲϷװޣֱ˵ϲ򻨵ϰȫΪϲŪЩС⡣
Ĵĺۼ˽ȴ鷳飬ҲڹڳƵķңӶСıԹͥһЩС鷳Ȼ˵˵ӶǾĬЦΪСϰǾúܿɰ
ǧ㻹ǵԼ֮ʱķң䣬Ĭı
ȷ̫Ĳȴ˲
ǧ鷿룬Э顣
ſţǧͻȻЭ˺߰㣬ЭֽмƮɢĵǡ
ǧյ¿αϣ⣬ףѵǻȥ֮һ¾ǳϷ
ΪʲôôʱˣûյϵͳκϢϵͳжڲʺϴͣ


155 
˫۵ʱ, ںܳʱ䶼ûзӦͷ, Ĵ̨һ뷨Ϊʲôûйϴ
оˬԼܳʱǷϵӯЩ쳣
ļңǲ֪ΪοЩϤĲϤװ޺Ͱ裬Լȴһ־Υ˵Ļĸо
ȥϴžԼͻȻס, һֱܲϲĳʱȴʮ˳ĳ˿ȥھˣףˮǰ൱ûмĻƷ
ȫͲԼϰߣһ˲Ȼ, Դӻ˯֮зӦˡ

ǧأ
ɵ, žԼ, Ϥļװ, ѵǺԭȻֻˣ
˶, ̷׼ϴþȥ˿
ڸĸȥͲȥĸķ䣬ϣһֱŸĸ뿪ĺۼʲôû, ɸɾģѾˡ
˵ʧ, һ˲ЩħʶҪѰҼ˵ƬһӣȴƬúõڹ
ͻȻ¥ſڣóԿףĴļţһžŴŵķֽš
ŵһͽϴŮԣصһɫĲ϶ӣ֮һ㶣С㣬ûг𣿡
ǡɻʵôǵԼʶôһˣѵԭʶ
ӵ㹤С㣬𣿡ŮһɻĿͼο
£Ȼҡҡͷû£ҡҽ첻ôɨˣȻȥɡ
𣿿˵һҪɨĺܸɾ𣿡Ůɻ֮ɫ
졭Ƚ⣬һ˰Ĵһ룬⼸Ҷ밲Ĵһ
ŮȻԣɻǵͷûмתˣһ¾ǵͷԼ˻жǮ͹ıȽ׾ݣԭǮӵ㹤İ
Ȼڿ˻ϵ֮ʱһ
ȻȲڷǧҲʮֵĿɹֱۣˣԭǸʲôֶô׾ٵľ׬ôǮ
ֻ¼֮ޱĹֻ
֪ԭЩʲôˡ
⼸ڷɱԵ߸˿ΪȻ׬ܶǮ΢һעͻᱻץȥԭǸĲİ
ԭɱǧ鶼ˣͻȻΪܺ
ɻ𾪣ְ֮̽
ԭ󲿷ֵĶѾˣĸ·ĸСΨһֻЩƬ
ڵϣҲ޿ɺǣȻûصضԭ·ɷǧ㼸ǽԭӵеĶȫĸɸɾҲԭһ㡣
뵽ǧ㣬޵ʧӿͷ
òײźԭͨ⣬Ҳӵ˶ָĵʱ򣬶ͻȻ٣ֻصֻԼ硣
ò¹һױȽϱů·ڶĺ˹Ҫȥǧı
ԱϤİĽֵ֪ԼǰĺڷǧжٲͬӦ磬ȴֻá
㳤·̣ڹϻλƾȻСʱŵɫҰ׵˳ȴһƬ֮
ǡ
վյվ
ڷǧУһƬ޴Ļɽر˱ȺǧӵһƬɽͷרά˹·ֻͨǧһ˵ı
ڣ˵ǿȺˣȥֻһƬͺͺɽ֣㽨ĺۼ
վԭأͻȻоЩһѩϣ¶ڻڳˮ˳ջȥ
䡣
øϿȥ
ҹ꣬˾Ҳǰ°ġ
л㱵ŹֻصԼСͥһжˣȴ᲻ȥ̽˼ˡ
ǧûзԼʧء
ǰ߷ǧԼԭ̫ˣǧԭϳһֱԭԭҪıǧ̫ˡ
˷ǧĽˣ֮˵ǧֻҪҲ𽥻ָкָܴܻΪһˡ
ۿǧڱˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô̱ɳһͦһԵֻԭ顣
Ǳɰ˺ܾã涼ˣɶûп߸µĺۼ
һҧߣ˰춼ҲߵϵʽĲУ߰˳֪ԼԲûκϵʽĶ԰ɣ
ˡ
ģѹķǳίòϲ˷ǧ㣬ôֻأܻȥ
ǧ֪Լˣ᲻żڵȻǰҪ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ
ǧ
ôķǧڿԼʵҲ֮ǲǻϸԼûʲôܹرǧĵط
ԽԽǱۣĪľͿʼԼǲʲôˣʲôˡ
ҹһ˱ֻһһԭС˵ſڴݰĿֵһз·Ե
ԼһԼϲһϤζڳԹ˷ǧĴʳ͸ָߵʳ֮󡭡ðʵɺܺóԡ
һ㻳ζġ
ȻܣȥֻˢˢѶ
̮ˣ˻ţҪʲô
ʹ뵽˵ʱԼôģֻǵԼ˺ϷΪոߵϷر˼ͨʵǰס˾˯ˡ
ǲΪʱأ
ԼϷһأ
ûпٻصǧȥһΣ
»صԼķ䣬䵹ҵ˱ڽӵϷ֣ЩʡԼģôͱԭһڽԻأϷЩʵӵ㹤ɨģԭڴɨûпЩѾȥˡ
ӺãϷ
ϤĽǰչڲôȴԼСһֻص˹ȥ
ȻǧרŸƵϷֱ鷿ȴʧȥԼǮϷȻһôõĻϷͨĿָУһлعˡ
ĻϵϷ⣬ͻȻ뵽
ǵá
񡭡
Ϸûͨأ
ŴϷصǧߵ뷨ٵĴϷ
ֽȾľƯĳԺû֮͹صֻרĳԣȻڹػ֮ǰͻȻһϢȥ
رʾ
ɻûж˭رע
ҪҪٿǲԭʶˣʲôرҪ£
ȻͻȻϤ˻Ϸ֣ʹľͷֻ޽ٵͶϷĻ
ء
ԭЩҼ͵£ǰ㶼ͣزȥΪ˱֤СҲҪԺЩ׵Ļޣ


156 
Ѿϰߵķ, ˴ӪİĿռ, ʱſڴϣѹĲС
ոջʱʵǴЩϲģǸĸĵط޷ĸܿϤļͥϤĻصĸоǻ˷ܡ
һʼֹۣΪԼλؼ, һֱûͨصϷϤĵطϤϤĹһпȥޱʵ
ĵû̺ͷǧĸо, һжǴʱԻȥʱ
ʱ, ¼ǧĿԽԽֱ, ķӦ, Ҳ޷ټǧˡ
뷨Ȼ֮ʱ˲ͳ˿ֻţѾһ, 뿪ʱϷҲѾͨˣʼնûκȥĿԡ
ʱں֪ķҲزȥˡ
ʼ, Ӧδ飬ǰԭķ, ޷ڵԭҵǧ֣ǧʼնֻǷ̷еһֶӵеĵʯ
˽ǹϿʼ˯þԽǿԭģԽǵԼһ뿪Ǹһж»ָ棬ǧ㻹ǻȥԭǻ̷ջǻдһĹ¡
һֱΪԼҲûʲôΧһкڸıţһжøˡ
Ѿȫ֮УҪȴԼһԽ˶ûС
ûСû˾ûҲûЩΪεˣȻȴʵʵڵгеҪһ֡
ΪԼһֱڹ¶УӵЩ֮Ҫص¶ȴûôˡ
ʱĻ֪죬ֱͻȻš
ò״ӴĴţͻȻһѯʣ㣬ôˣܳʱ䶼ûϵң㡭
סˣԷĻҲסˣ໥ӡ
Ұٷ֮ȷǰԼʶˣĲߣȴżƤһ۾ȥǸδĴѧ
ô˰ɣͺܲ˵ʵǲϣٱ˴ţתţȻŮֱӿסţһ𾪺ȴͻȻȻԼŲеԷ֣һʲôָͷҪ𣿣
ȻŮȴݺݵİţƶ˵ѵ𣿡
ԷĻȻһ㶡
Ȼ֪ԭ϶ҲԼ罨罻ȦǵĿǰΪֹûԼտʼʱϢըҲû̫ע⡣
Ů˽ҵһ׿ˮ
ʵҲǰŮЩ棬Ͼԭ˾ȻŮôܵ飬Ҳܾȡ
ô֪ģ۾ûע⵽Լ̬ͷǧмơ
һҽŮȻԺҪ˵ԼְҵȻ˵֮ɫȴ΢΢һ죬ҡҡͷ˵ʵһѧѧѾ˴ҵ֤飬Ǿ߱һҽˡ
Щȣ˵֮ǰѯ𣿡
 Ůͷ
ܾȣû뵽ԭȻ뷨뵽ԼʱǳĿѯģ;Լȷԭ
ΪʲôѯֻһѧĻǺû˵
Ůһ죺ΪҴѧʵϰʱҡȽϱˡ
һ㶣û뵽ôʵ⣬ȷոճѧУûʲôҵѧ۶ȽϱˣǺ֮ǰԭոչʱԼ˻ǿĴҲȷ벻ر𰺹ѯ
ŮĿУԭԼʱԽ״ĺܲ¿ʼʱǳĶ̣̬ǳҲûʲôֻԸЩƫ԰ԷһǻһֱȥŮ赼
ΪѾܾöûѯˣΪŮָһ𣬡ʵ鶼ûʲô⣬ȥʲô⣬֮Ҳ֪ġ
ġֱӸŮ˵ҴˣȥһˣǸһǳǿƯһʼȻ𽥻ָƯҵֶμѲۺİԵŮܲðҡ
ǲܴڵġŮ˵
ıʮֹ죺˵ΪսӦôڻ˵˴ڵǲܰң
Ůסƿ۶顣

ܻ𣿡ŮЩ˼ʵ
Ҳ֪һܻȥ𣿡Ȼˡ
ŮϸϸĿһͻȻ˵ǲǰǸһŮܲð
ϡ
ǿӦǴˡŮͷ
۰Ͱ͵ĿŮƶģ֪Ϊʲôô˵ͻȻúˡ
Ůҡҡ֣ȻҲ˵㲻õ˼ֻʵУŮܲһ㲻ῴϣҲ˵ˣǸҲӦרҵһ㡣
㲻öжרҵҲ֪֮ͷϵˮʹ˵һ䣬ʵҲȥõҲһûͣõʱʲôģһȥ֮ǧ˷һô֮ʲôʹĻ仹ء
㲻ҪԷƱκ˶κ˵ŵ㣬ϲҪƴһлصȥŮֵĺܼͲûİˡ
Ҳ֪ôٴ鰡գգ۾Ůļʾɻ
㵱ôģǾ԰Ů˵
ԹˣҶˡϷͨˡ
Ǿ͡ΣϲôдͻȻʲôġŮЩɵ˵
ǻ϶дֱ˰ɣ˻ûɣǲǺΣ𣿡ĻͨͨĬ
ǰŮǸոճѧУŵɬѾǵԼոճУ԰ʲôˡ
ŮʵƯһ۵ƯԽԽÿɰͣԷü˼˼ڤģҲñȽϿɰ
ͻȻ뵽ֻһرģдšСѾͷıעͻȻ֮ʲô
㻹ǵΪʲôͻȻ𣿡Ůʵ
ǵãʱںڵһΪҳˡ᲻ΪԭӦһĲ໥֮¾ۼһ𣬶ԭĲķչŻὫԼųȥ
𣿡ŮЩɵ룬᲻أ˵Ųµ֮ģ
һ㶡
Ųµ£
ȫҪ˼µźĸĸļѾûʲô˻רΪĸĸɨĹˣϣĸĸķĹһݷء
ˣ£ûʲôġ
ҪҪȥɨĹأŮ
һζԻ˼⶯
ҲĵȷȷģҪְֺ衣
ȥɣղײաŮóԼĳԿףպҿġ
ŮͻȻʵǲʵϣܻ
Ůһ㶣ûлشĻ
Լܵõ˴𰸣ʵ˵ôãһ֪֡
Ůûлشֻǰ̧ͷһۣ֮εĹ˹ǣ˵ҡʵ̫ҵ֡
⣬ֺ⣬ֻ֪ԭŮ˲ֲ˵ϵ
֮ǰĪ뵽ԼԭڳЩƬ
ǼƬյ˱Ůһˡ
ڳϵʱ򣬾Υĸо˿־塣
Դͷǧ㻥֮ͨÿһǧ㶼ס֡
ǧѾٺǰůģڶ֮ҲˣֻҪзǧߣµ鶼òٿ¡
ʱĵıס˱޷ƵĽ
֪Ĺȥһθ˺ӰĻҵĽϣȥҽŮһ˵
㲻ҽ𣿡ʵ
ŮıЩ΢
׷ףʵҲãֻЩŶѣûеرصĵزҡֻҪҵߣҾܰ
Ů΢΢ǣĺϲǸˣǲԿһΣܻܲȥ
ˡһξܾų⣬ͻȻ˵ҪΣѵˣҲز𣿻˵ˣ岻Ҳ𣿡
ŮɫĺǵȻЦһǻܵ˵ģ˾С
ͻȻһͷŽɵĿһŮ̫Ů뷨
ǺܾûĸĹأڷǧ߲ûر𳤵ʱ䡣
ҲӦһʱˣĹȴܸɾ
ǱɨһĹǰչĺۼɻҲġ
ЩȣɨĹ
ͻȻŮǿ뷨֮˵Ȼûиĸȴǿأ㲻ĸĸҲúöԴĸĸôżĴôණʵûбҪġ
˸ĸǰ֮ǰ˺ֽܶܶǮǳĶ࣬ൽŮĺͺ
ŮֻǰĿûжΪʾ档
ԼĸĹͻȻ֮ô콹ô
䣬ֽȼյ¶Ⱥȣվڻߣ˿ож䡣
ΪĶ̫࣬ȼյʱܳһ¹ŵƣϥǶýӲˣվ֮ʱЩġ
֪ԼڴصǧߵģԼȥˣܾԶûа취ĸĸɨĹˣһʮֵĴɨһУͺһһ
Ĺϵĸĸкܶ໰˵Ǻܶ໰ȴ˵뿪̫죬̫ʹ࣬һ佻Ļ˵
Ҫѯʰְ裬᲻ϲǧ㣬룬᲻軹Ҳ޷ǧء
еļֻмԼ洢ֻеĸĸӰ񣬲֪ûпܸǧ㿴ļˡ
пܣǧ
͸ĸ˵˺ܶ飬˵ʱԼϵĸĸ˵ŷǧһöõˣʮƶ˵ǧһϲŮӡ
˵˺ܶ࣬˺ܶ࣬ҳȼҲûпյĶˡ
վԭأͻȻЩ㯣ҪȥŰְ裬ܻصǧ
𣿡ŮͻȻʵѾˣٹŻ
Ի̧ͷһֱ߲뿪Ů㱵ĵͷ
ΪŹڵʱ̫˫ȱʴ·Щ鸡ԴЩģʲôһֱڸ˼ά
ɨĹ֮㻹ʲô뷨𣿡Ůʵ
뷨һ£ûаɣ
ΨһŲµľǸĸˣֻû뵽ԭȻԼĸĸɨĹҲԭʲôܻˣֻԼ뷨׷󣬲ҡԭԸͺǿƺͷǧϲİɡ
𣿡Ůʵߵ·ıԵ
ôˣɻĻͷ
ڴʱͻȻо屻һֻһ£δܷӳ˫ûܿƵ·ϵȥڴʱԶХĳȺɲͻȻϯ
һ˲䣬޷˼ĿŮյ֡
Ůɱ
ҪŮı飬ѾʲôˣľԼԽԽпֻš
ǣ
סԼ壬Ҫηɲηų
Ҫڳ𣿲ԼǰְôǮԼȥ˵Ļڵ»ܲ㻨Ǯ
Ȼ֮ʱͻȻһ˫۾
˫۾ȫ𾪣ʱͻȻӵסǾ޴ֱӴݺݵĹһȥ漴һȦͣ
ֻоԼһӵסֱˤ·ĻϣһƵĺ
۾ǰģȻǷǧ㡣
ӢˬĶ̷Ưݣʱһڵϣ΢΢̧Ц
ǧ㣿ЩŵĿǰˣžȻǧƿڳ
¡ǧգᣬԣûؼˡ
ŵĵɴ˫ۣƺԼǰһжġ
ͻȻǧǰʧˡ
ûһ
ֻԼΪǧݺݵıסʹлš
Ǹоľıһж
ǧȻ۾Լİ칫ڣոת˲Ĵٵһ㣬ǧ̵ͷԼ·ڿԼĸ첲µϣ˿
Ρ
װǧãһԵߡػѾʹϣջأһԵߡϬѾʹϣջأһεߡ͡Ѿʹϣջء
ϵͳ˵ǧԼһʼܵһС
ϬͻȻǧһ˲乲ͨĸ飬ˡᡢϣڴȵһϵеȫӿԼؿ֮Уǵһηǧ֪ԭĸȻͬˮһӿȡ
ǧһֱԼĸһֱѹֵĻ֮±ЩٶۣҲԼԴŨҵģģʲá
ͻȻͿײʱӵֻҪȫԼ֮⡣
Լһֱ
̧ͷȫһ̣еĽ͵ȴ޾κʧһ̳ɢʲôɣֻҪ߾㹻ˡ
Ǹ
ǧ㴹˼
һģһ
Ȼǧȴ˼ҪǸ˭ĳˣһ˵ĳˡ
ǧЩ꣬ϰԵûԼ˼˼
Լߣûа취ȥ
ͶԳӰ᲻ٴΪһεĲһ㳵
ġ
Ϊʲôߡ
ǧܷꡣ
װǧá
ǧϵͳ
ѾջֵɶһĽҩΪ´һȯһʸװǧ㰡Եǧ֮ͨ˼ǵĸɺŬԵ٣ϲǧԵԵѳɣʮ̻֮صԵߣԵϵĸװɣɣ彡ҩʧܣֻԼ𽥻ָ
һ˲䣬ǧûκԥķ˰칫еĹȥ
ڽй˶ԵСͻȻǧôʱĵͳ֮һ˷޷ƵĴ˾ϲ֮ɫ
ȻԣС֪ͨ˾׼ó׼
Ļ֣ǵü¼С˵
Щĵʣܲʲô°ɣ
Сҡҡͷᡣ
¡
Ͳһڴ޲÷ɵʲôطȥıˡ
˾ųķܿȥѾ߾ܵƽҲֻǽ߾ˣǽβס˾ԼԼ˲²⣬ٲϡ
ʱͻȻ绰ܣոСͻȻҪ
ǧ˵֤ǰϡ
õġûаԥӦˡ
ȥ֡ǧ˾˵
á˾ת·
ǧ˽һһ붼˷ѡ
ڿʼǽҲκ谭
ǻһֱһ
ǧ˳Ҳոպ˳˾ͷ·ѾԼһ໥֮俴˶ԷеľϲͰ⡣
ǧǰֱסݺݵǰ˵Ĵǣǰĸûκζ׸Ӽ򵥣ȴֿĸס
Ұ㣬̽飡
ϲǧԵϲɹԵɣ۳㣬ǧýҩѾʹãϲǧý塣
ԵϵͳѾɹǧ롣
ܸͬ񡣡
ء


157 С
ڽָ
ԴӶ鿪ʼ, ˶ܿǼƯʼõķŶָ
ǽָе˶ףǽָļֵܵ, ǧݡ
˶֪һСܡ
㽫ڷܵĽָһʱ䣬ܵƢá
΢佱һ£ܻ¶ټ΢Ц
зǧԱڴÿ춼Ǹָ
ҪһʢĽ񣬸ǧġ
ΪָǧˣһΪǿ˽ָ
˭뵽ָɴļ۸񶼲أ
ΪҪ׼ðȫΪɣǧ㽫ָ˼ҡ
ʦǧ㽫ָڲϿųԷ
ǧֻŰװУԽָһ¡
˯֮ǰһǳƯС޵ȥ˷ǧķ䣬Сӷ޵ϡ
Ȼͻнڡ
ǧӶޱȾŮܼ, ƨĵĲۼ
ǧ㻻˽ָ֮ĺܳһʱ֮ڣǧ㰮ָȥˡ
ѾӸλҪɫķǧ㣬ǳԡ
˭Ľָܺͱ˶ϼ䡣
رã

ڻ
ǧһǳʢĻ
Ҳ˵һοǧ㴩Ļɴʮ, ϵЦݡ
͸, Ÿ߸ЬȻ
ע⵽һʵ
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Ƿǧе·ʺ
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ô
顣
ǻ
͵͵ģŷǧĳߴȥ˺ܶǳ˼·
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»ҹ
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ҹصеڼ
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ǧ㣺졣
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аɡ
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