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ݱǩ ͢ ж Ű Ůװ 
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1 
С㣬ūŻƣѰŮѩ֦仰㼱Ҵʧˡ
ȾĻűʯĵȺ򡪡
ҹԪѽڣʮҹٰвǧ磬תһҹ衣
Ħ࣬֯ѰֻҵĹӺСӣ档
ֻƣµգţԪÿ϶źЦ⡣
ȾǱλġ
κδϪڳˣ߳ԶżٰͬţȥμǰܶνҪչ˺СãĪЩŪˡ
νϴӦúһŤͷƼǼҵСѩڽֱ߲µա
Сʱչüʱü˼˵ǽΡ
ǶȾţǿڿ˵ҪڽʹĶ磬ͷĹһ㣬ζδ˹ȥ

Ⱦվڽֵһͷԭûж
ҪɫõĶ磬ʱԼ
ԼĪһʱˣĶС羴УΪӮһյӻƣһյ˿ƣذơ
ˣȾ̾һ
ŵֳҲϸԼˣҪᲽ߹ȥһŮѩ֦ȴؿڣȤȥƺЩƣƯˡ
δŮʮҹƣˣٰǵϰס
˷ĺӵƣˮżܧûɽ·ת׻һҵ¡
Ⱦ뵽ˮ߼˫ԵŮҡҡͷˣҲȥ
ңǰ˵ˣԪҹ˶ӣЩĪҪܡ
ѩ֦ǲ³˼Сģū֪һõطƧʹͻƵġ
ѩ֦ǶȾǰоµġ
꽭ˮӴڵĶȾҲţⶣĪҪţñеϣʲôõ¡
Ⱦʵȥº㣬ƷժһҶûʢڵƿϸϸ͡
װ磬Ѿ͵͵š
ճŲԶȾƼи͵Ůӣ·Ḹ
Ůݹᾣͷҡҡ׹ĶȾţѾ߸һӣһЩġ
֮٣˭֪ŮӹǰĶΪԸΪūΪ澣ź
ȾūҪһź򣬵ŮӸĸ˫ٰ̣Լֻ·ȥ³ǲá
ǶȾյԣһТѩףΪȡѩ֦
Ⱦ֪ѩ֦źԼβ࣬ʵֻ꣬ճԲС
էʱѩ֦˵һŪ˶ȾеĽյµԭЩѾŮС˵ü˳ۡ
ܿ죬ѩ֦ƾڿ죬ΪȾĵŮ
ȾʮسţоŻضǴѩ֦
ҹԪ಻⡣
Ȼѩ֦˵еط徲ؿƣȾȻŵġ
һۻͬСӲµյĶ磺߰ɣȥͻء
.
ѩ֦ĵطԶһ֪Сͷ
˴ṵ̯̂޼ȻǸ徲;ĺõط
ٽˮϺһʯţˮ˻࣬Щӵƽ˳ˮ˴㰤Ұ㣬Ůص¡
̧ͷٰܿл𣬵ӳˮϣȻ֪ԼˮУڰϡ
СҲںӵԸѩ֦Ȼ
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ŮںӵԸΪǺĺԵ
£ǶȾʮǵӡ
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ɴģ籵ģ篣篣ױУ
ֻҪǾʱ˵ĿʽòڣԻ͵
ѩ֦ٳٲ飬ȾȵЩƣҪжյһʮģʮ壬ʮʮߡ
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ˮԽë䣬İ޳ģԭһŹߣŰ£ɰӡ
ȾԭΪԼѾͣµ˿ֿʼԾδܹǿҪɤۡ
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ջдģϷ̨ݵģһλӾˮŮӣ˼֮ףŮӴ
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λδŻҲһöӦǹ֮ӡ
̸²ͦΣҲڼǣЩҵڵġ
ԼһңӦҲͬ׮¡
ˮʱȾޱ߼ʵࡣ
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ȾѾԱŵ׼˭ֻ֪ʵɺЩˣ
һ󺮷紵µҡΣȾô˸£ɫҰףȴϽСԼáöˡ
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С㣡Զѩ֦Ƶɤ첽ܹԼȾϣû°ɣ
ͣ½⿪۵֣ȻλļˣҲˡ
ûʶȾգҲûļûǷԸһ·ת뿪
ȾıӰֱԷԽԽԶҪʧβ
ʶȻȵȡ
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Ⱦ´ǰͷŶԷҡҡ
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ɤºͣ´磬Ի
Ⱦ֪ڽͷ˵ڣʶˣǺδʿ˭֪լںδлᣬСŮӡصŵл


2 
Ⱦͷӵϡ
ʳǵĹŮУҲЩ󱼷ŵģƼԼӣʲôڹأֽȥ
Էļ֮ЩŮڵǰһ޶ϵһ䲻޵Ϸ롣
ԼĻ£Ⱦ˵ü׮
ЩŮ绨ƽ֦Ҷǽ֮õĺ£ٻвɵġ
£Ⱦûǿ򶨣Ŀȴһһ£ǿš
ˣˣˣˣٰ¥֮ϵĳİ㣬ƺƴƿɵıʲô֮
ĵõɤ۶ʱɤЦڣǾ֮ͣﲻؿ
УȾҲ룬ʧץסĿ䣬ﳣ̵ңҪ֪ͼӲϸգҪǵ֮ˣ
ȻʧЦ
͸ߣȾƼºͣһ֮һ˫۾˵ã󣬶ʧǡ
ڿڣˮɤָٰͤ
ͤǸ֡
ٰ˽ʮ꣬ôˣ
ȾԹûЩԼ㹻
ͷƴСϣйâϵ̻Ҫҹ֪ˣͤһˡ
ЦЦЦʣʱˣ¸ûؼȥˣҲЩңĪü˵Ĳǡ
Ⱦ޲ʱͣһ̲źãתҪߣʶץ䡣
ɻؿ
Ⱦ֪Լ˾ʵʧҲ벻Լμ棬˵Щʲô
᲻ߣ·ˣҹһнǳΣҲز
ȡһö壺лӽҹ֮СŮΪ͸
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ҡҡλΣʯӰĽ紦޷Ưߡ
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СּŮµ֡
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ֻɩɩӣҲõģףʱҪͻȻиСţֵָʹʲôСӡ
ؾ߶߶˵ֻ࣬һ˼Һþ˵ʱôżߣСûп
ؾƽͷ˲飬Ϊ˲ԼӶģڴСﱨ˵ܵܵա
ؾСԼö壬ͤϣѰŵлɵһ
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ͤˮվԡͰʰѵڵصö壬ϸϸꡣ
ȫķӡ


3 
ȾȻ̫棬ΪԼǲ˵㲻֪ˮ¡
˭֪ҹ˯ڽжޱУسԴҲʼ
˯кϻƸȴֽűͬںˮнһ⡣
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ԷŲͷĪҪҶ
ȾĪЩˣ㡣
ǰСɤǿԵ֡
ȾľļҵģΪҴǰû㣿
Сûлش
ĬƬ̣Էڿڣתȥҡ
Ⱦûж룬Ļæر
СҲת֡
Ⱦ󴦣ϱıС
ȴԼµʲôذÿЩ˵ذ׻ˣҪѪġ
뱻ͷ˷ӵɽȥιǣٺЩ겻Ϊ
ȾίҧסԼ´
Է˶٣ֵģŪ㡣
.
С˵ذ׸Ⱦ˿û˵
ָӶȾԼ⿪ϵӡ
˷˺ôڶ
ȾȲҪƿͷǣ˭֪һƣ˿ľͷˡ
Щ£ڰĦס֮˵֣磬Һú¡
˭磿С겻м
ȾҭסίͰͣұ¶ֻСĸĿ̽ǡ㣿
ȾУûԭġ
ʶһλǼҽ㣬ϲӴ磬ѥ֣ȥж
ǰλҲࡣ
˭֪СĬƬ̣ڵӡ
䣬ľ϶̽ȥذףۡ


4 
ľ䱻СŵȾؼաԣؼ¡
ʮ廹գϵ濾ִԲ˼䣬͸֣С
ͷȴľ䡣
ȾȥǸľ䣬ҲһѳصƣȻ޼¡
ĿͶС꣬æĺӾȳ
Է޶ãľͷȥƿͷĳϮһɽСϣѻѻ
ͷĳԯϣϳͻȻ˵ԭЩӲ硭
С̷еĳ͸ɽ绺
ȾƼһǣ֡
Ҳ룬Ͱ͵ȥСѹȥ
ȾҡҡͷҲСҲҡ
СûȰǲңǾ
ǡ
ȶȾپᣬС°ڣƱҪ
Ⱦæס䣺磬Ҹһ
ֿУʣЩװСӣô죿
ѱԼ˭ҲȲˡС
Ⱦ޻˵ֻŶԷָʾϣɽ·ʻٻ
Сס󣬴ŶȾ׹ȥ
治ߵĸ߶ȣڶȾһСӶԣ°ա
״һ׶ĵʹȾûסʹ˳ѽ
Сæס죬ȻΪʱһʹڼžɽֵзԡ
ͣԯϴ˳ɵˣ
ܣšȥƿǰ߽ͷ
ݵĹС𻹵ڵϵĶȾƴȥ
ȾʹҪҲ֪ʱܲУʹܳ㱻ϵ˲Сˡ
׷
ȾͷƼųĿϵūˡ
СӣһˣȻӵùˡ
תۼѱƽöݺݵĿǵСЩԭСӡ
Ⱦѱɲŵûãҡ
詺Ͷη˵ȻܴȾǰһΣֻת䵹˹ȥС㵽·ԵĲݴС
˵һ£ס˳ɽ£ʯֱͨͨ¹
ݻƵĲľڶȾϣļۣҪιȥʱڱסͣ
ֻۣߵ׺żҫ۵ӣڿ֦գۡ
ū˵ԶԶشͷô죬һǲң
һƺҲԥƬ̣ˣ˵СˤˣǲܣĪ¡
ȾNN죬ԽԽԶֱҲ
ˡ
Ⱦ˿֪ԵС꣺磬Ǹȥ𣿡
ԷûлӦ
Ⱦͷɫ֮£СۣѻڵĽסۣһƯµİ״ޡ
˹ȥ
Ⱦ£Ȼ˫ҡСļ磺磬ѣ㲻Ҫ
Ҫˣô죿
ȾС꣬ſͷشޡ
֪˶ãԴżֲͣһûòſɥ
ŮȻֹȾҭ£ίͰ͵֪ˡ
ʣڸô죿
ߡСײĺ׻Щʹü
ŶŶȾκɣʵʵ˳Ļ
Сʰһֵ֦ݵȾϣš
Աôţּ˻ȥ
üΣȾŵ״򻬣Щ¹䣬Сּۿץס֡
һַɣһǣ
һ·ҰǸ޽Уqqɽ֮ʱ^Уɫ֮£֦ӰצˣҪȾ˹
µҪץ֣߳亹Ҳմϣ磬㲻ҪңԼȥˡ
ִԼһܹӻȥġ
겻ΪٷϻͰȥιǡ
ȾסˣûٿŽ״ʹصɽ֮ϡ
Ⱦûа·ԡ
С꿴⽿ľǹŮŶȾұ㡣
ȾĻνƴӣԹԿȥ˫סļ磺磬лл㡣
СԱϢ䷢һӦĻ
·Ҳ֪ʱǾͷȾǿƤԼСǰеӰӣż˵仰
ɽģϮȾƤԽԽأ˯˹ȥ

ȶȾٴʱѲСӰ
İķУڴ§޳ˣĹŮû¾ͺá
һΧĸףλֳ
ȾãС걳һҹ˳ɽ·ߵٵҵվͣ
վæ͢棬󽫾ʱȥ׷סЩūˡ
ԭū챻ܣЩū˱ɳϸٰУԭǴЮִٹˣ˭֪ٳҲŻᣬתǵĺ֡
ЩлӹŮΪ룬õԭĻʵ۲콻
ȴ뾹©֮㣬ǵļƻһ
ȾλСʱǾλĺףʲôʱŵл
ḧĳЦ
Ⱦ׷ʣη˱СߵüǾʿǿϧˡ
ֻա
Դ֮󣬶Ⱦ˸С֡⣬Ϊѣ׵˼
.
һ׮£Ⱦʱ򲢲ֻ࣬Բκδ˵ĹŮӶԣǲ̫õĻ䡣
ÿÿ˯жðȡ
СģҲģ塣
ǰԼɫСҲ֪ڿɻã
η˲֪룬ֻȰңպ޳ȥҪĸģƹܸдС񣬷ڣҪ㣬ΪһӲȥ
Ȼ˵ԼĻ£ȾЩ̣Դֽߣ
ȾûиףǶȥһ˵֡ͤ
Ů˵ֲĿڣ۰㣬˿˿⣬һ᲻÷ˣ¾˲۵ķ
.
Ⱦڴһɣ¡
ȻѺõò࣬ηǲģ˶ýģٳš
ֱȥʳ鸮Ϭ档
̤࣬ǧʫᡭʳڳԵ壬ˣȴֵúܡ
Ⱦధ󣬶ηֲⶣسţɵóԣˮܣҲҪС
׷ġȾַ̧ģŮ֤ĳţȻҡ


5 
ʳڣʳٰȴ塣
Ⱦ˯ʱλֳ빬ͬǴ
η˳СŮӲʰԶȾ˯̹̹ûеʱ򣬲Ż𴲡
⻨񽿣Ⱦϴױǰ
ѩ֦ճ̤ȹѱáոµϼɴǧȹɷ߶֮ʣӰ֣֮˳ĵһ使
ڷɳ٣Ⱦ뵽ջҪǧûѩ֦׺̫Ρȥʳ̤ʱ򣬶֧ܽǶҡ˺üա
ŮѩòŲ֪Ľ̾һ˵ˣһ֧ӣɹѰһʮڳϺüء
.
࣬͵ֺܽصģȾճ˼ڣ鸮š
æףͷȥ
ֵϴգ֦Ұ紵ɢԺа棬Ůѻ֮䣬Ϊױ㡣
Ȼ鸮Ⱦѩ֦ĲƿͷĹϬ
ֻǽգϬüչΪʲô
˵ô硣Ⱦ棬ڼͬƢܳˣԲԣ
Ҷˣ㻹Цó
Ϭûκͷ񵽺ѼͷԹ˵ٹЩӣҪҵиﲻ֪ǵ˼Ҫ빬ʮĻӵӡ
òʢʮСӲŸ꣬Ϭ˵ʮĻӣСǲ͡
ǰϬͬȾԹüأ˵ֻҪһʮĻӾ͸ƤҩƵģǵԼɣúܡ
ȶԻô󲻾Ļ˵Ļֻ¿ͷҲΪ
Сһ̫ξ飬һ鸮Ů˽кι˼ɣ
Ⱦ裬Ӱٺ֣һûһظϬĻ
һʻţϬҲ˲ñԹƿʹⴺ
ǽϱϣһȺͬŮŶˣæЦˣٲǾԸͷȥڰ߸ɿš
˵ˣ˶ɲˣˣС
.
ŮȺ˵ЦͱõĻ
ˮܣǧɫںϸˣŮǵϷſ
ȾϬյƣֿʼɻ
նЩ£ҲԵúܣȴȱȱ
ѬȾжžյŰ߶ƴ񣬾ɻֵԼͷҲ
ʲôأϬͷ⣬ɻǽӲտҪܷġ
Ⱦγѣǵɻǡ֣æ춹Ϲ֦
˭֪ôЦ˴ˣ˵õԣôǻͶЩȷơ
Ⱦ󾽣ֻʵʵȾơ
ٲ񣬴ʮ־Ӧԡ
ڶȾƽʱзӽѧֳڼֳЩɻİϷܿս£ڳǧСǣ·ÿ˶˼ơ
ֱĺЪ˲˴ظҡ
ʱ֣սɢٰǣʳʳǵ̻Ϣ
ʻϣȾ˯졣
ƲˣȵöˣѬѬ
òѵóһˣ᲻þ˯ȥƿᴰһǣ紵ϣԼЩ
ؽȾ䲻ƼһӰ벻룬ͣ
æͣιʲô£
ȾһĶɤ۶˲ûشƿ³ԯ첽ƼǵӰȥﻹǸҹҹӰӣ
һ
ڣ⶯ѵϬҲ̽ͷôˣ
Ⱦͷסеʧ䣺ûʲô
У¹󣬶Ⱦе˿һ󵨵ľóƵȥٰһ˰ɡ
ţϬ⣬ȥǶʲô
Ⱦͷλǰѣ˵ٰǱߣһ¿ĵӣȥЩ
ʲôõרȥһˣѾȥ򲻾ͺˣ
˵ϬԼҲò̫ؼңóٰʻȥ
ͷ󵨵£Ⱦ޹ġ
̫ټǸһۣǣӣ¶˹˼
֪Լټͤͬ˵ЩʲôȶȾø˵Ļͣͷλٰˡ
Ⱦæ
Ӳ˴ֻʯֵԣլ۴αȣӰҷۣľǾޱԽԺǽ΢ˡ
λס³Ϭ˵סģЩ͢ɳƽϲݪŪݡ
ȾĵصͷǻӦĻ
Ŀ˳Žɨȥҵҹ˵ָ
˭֪Ϭס䣺㿴Ƕǲ˵ĵ̣

Ⱦû뵽ǽˣ˴һҵ̡
Ϭ²ŶȾ߹ȥ
ЩʽӱĵģϬ£еСÿһݣøһԵѾš
һĵģϬ˫۶߰ɣǸûȥˡ
ȾҲҲԵĽڣֻӲͷƤ·Եȥ
˭֪ʱͻȻ
һĺӰǽͷԾżһ㣬Ų·س˵ķ򱼹

ȾֻһУԭϬѲӰǺӰӥ׽Ӱ˹ȥ
ﵱУʱӿִĺˣ׷ɱǵӰ
ذףϬСүҾҪѾͷÿ
Ϭסŵôкǿҡ
Ю˳ӣѪȵס죡ٳ֣ھҪ
ϬֻɪɪЩˡ
Ȼⳡ嵽ΧһȦ˲
Χİŵ÷׷ӴܣЩĻΧһ̽
ʱȺ߳һλµŮӣĿбӣеͭƣŰ£˵ȣ׷׻رܡ
Ůɤŭʢ˵գˡ
Ⱦϳδɩĵս˪й֮Ե
覶룬æ˪Сܹȥǽ㣬Ⱦ
ι˪Ҳϳóŵļƣ˴˾㻹ȥĺá
СȾҡͷۿ΢졣
Լͻ룬ҪٰϬᱻЮ֣Լĺѡ
ȾعͷȥŵһֻȰɪɪϬ
֪Ķ˳ԼôЮϬӵſԸ
ӲΪÿЩ
Ⱦ˵ʲôҲ£ֽŷĿӣԺһƬհף˵
ŵУƺ˭γ˵
ЮϬ羪֮񣺡ҪٹҾɱ㡭
ʣµǸᡱ֣ûü˵ڣͫ׶Ȼɴ
߷ХʲôĶƷѸһԶȾϲ
ţʺѪӱĶͷɽ
ۣȥʱϻдš
Ⱦ죬ʶʲôֻŵһϣϬ˳
һţÿ޵ĿǵصôԶ׼ͤСӵļ鴫Ϊֻɱˣû뵽Ҳܾˡ
ǵȻ˼˵ʲôҲǵ󽫾֮ӣ鷢㵱Ǵģ


6 
Ⱦ죬ֻõͤ֡
ԼĪ˼ɼ˻
ţȾԻżڼس˵Щ˿ȥ
ǶŵĲ죬ųȥݡ
ЩиаݣΨûҪǵӰ
ŮǹһĨԳʧЦȻڳ룬ٰôδζ
ȾջĿ⣬һݵӰ䣬ǽԫ֮ԾߵС
ֽýݣȻӰɸߵķǽԾ£ƮƮز㳾ңһֻӥճء
ŵ£ȴ嵶䣬װҴ䣬ĵխȳѡ
ˣһ˽ԳΪġ
˺Ⱥ֮ˡ
ͣҲһ㣬Ϊ÷ĳ°ڹճһߡ
Ⱦ΢΢һͣƼӦ㣬Լ
紺ʣԷ˫ȴ¶ȣֻɨһۣջĿתȥ
һۣȾĪ׹ߣָĿڡ
ԣ϶ͤ
ҹԼˣЦ̣˵ºͿףô֮ˣ
ȾʧشۣзһԵĿɬӽҲͤһ档
ԪҹǸõˣ˵ֻĸĻһҲʧ
ٰ⣬ҲڸĪҪѰȥҪҵǸˣͲڡ
Ⱦ̧Ųȥ
˭ִ֪ŲĻͤ׼׼̿һغˣҪô̫ӵ½
Ȼ˵ش֮ɤ֮ڵıˮ
Ⱦؽԭء
һΣȷԼû·һֻĴȾæת˲ʲôҹ棬ͤ
ԶŲһͣȴδعͷ
Ⱦȹڣ׷˹ȥ
Ϧ֮£Ů糺죬˸еĹâͤͤ𣿡
ڣԱЩȴȤС֣Ȼг˼ҵ֣ôϲ
Ⱦǰ꣬ȥ˵Ļ
ͬħ㣬һһ俪ڣָٰӣͤ㡭ǣ
ȾɤŵͣһСĴξʱ̡
ҹҹμ˽ˮ̳Цö˶˵С벻ʲô
ڣ˾ǰ
ȻξеӰһ£ȴмʶ
ҲǣҹߣԼδƼģΪճһ
ʱˮǺ־Ҳ˵
ûзϣü䵭£
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ЩЦ壺ԭˣû뵽СƽǸĳġ
ＱҴ㣬ģҪα飿
Ⱦδڴ֮ͥ£ô˴Ȥ
Ůյӵǿ򶨣ȶԷش
ͤСŮ̬Уüۼεüã俪ڵԭǶι
˻һȾǵ΢ĻϲԭȼȻǵԼգ
⣬Ůԭɲ˲ֹˣңҽжȾɽҰ־ȾȾ
ιͤͣĻй
Ⱦʮ̫꣬ξǧС㣬ֺ׵飬δ˭ҴϹĻ
ͤһˮЩҧͷڨڨ
ǡҴˡګګֲľŻǣ֮ȥֹ֪пգСŮҲõŵл
Ŀ֮£δŮ˵˽ҲΪ
һæ֮ͤش𣺡лҲУСѵְˡ
ͤɨȥԷæպĹ֣ûʲôùӳԡ
ͤĿⲢûпȾ¹æա
д󳼣ÿձ壬Ȼ̻ԵİҲʱ򣬸οţ
ͤ⻰žھܾȾŵл
һ麮ǧ֮⡣
Ⱦζټʱĳ棬һƻ貵Ԫҹ̲Ķϣľͬһ
Ψϵҹĺˣǻ˸һ㣬ľ
ȾܴУܵһ˿ᷳ
Ĵ
δŮۿ΢죬ȴǿЦ⣺֪ˡ
ͤûгתۼ֮߳⡣
ͣ½Ųͷιպ󲻱Ѱң²ϲ˴š
Ⱦͷǵϲ⣬׵Ȼ޴档
ǲԼ


7 
ǡͤôأ
ԼͲԪҹӱĺˮ̳ЦҪΪ¡
ҹºͲ٣ǰĮдڡ
Ⱦ벻ףŮ۽޵Уһ
գգۣˮƻȥ̧֮ʱԶӰʧβС
ôһ˲䣬ȾҪȥĳ嶯ûС
ȻͤϲĿͲӦȤ
Ⱦͷһߡ
ϬЪϢһţֱ˿
Ⱦƿ߽Ϭ˫۷ץס䣺⣬λִλӣʶ
ϬеĹ⣬ȾмϤӳԼӰӡ
㶲شϬǰ˻ΣȾ㱻ɵˣ
Ⱦعͷɬ֪ʣʲô
ʲôϬ֣˿ÿÿҴδÿ֮ˡ
Ϭƣ¶˾ģҾˣСŲҪʲʮĻӣ˵֮Ҫҵλӣټ޸
ԣȾʶڲ
ΪβУϬ⣬ҺɲŮòһԣǵҵﲻͬ⣿ģ˵ʱҾһ޶ϵǿ
ȾЩĽϬĵ
ӵĻӲ֮£ο
δػԸ⡣Ⱦ
⻰Ϭʱ˫۵ɴ󣺡ҿ鸮С㣬ӲԸȢңǡ
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ȾûסЦˣͷȻɢ
ҲֻϬողž֮ʣ˵ƶĻ
ҡҡͷٺϬȥֽ˱סѽ
.
ȾԭΪϬ˵ܵǰ㾪ţôҲͣʮ¡
û뵽ֵ֮ãߥ޶Ⱦȥ
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η˲֪պʳڷ£ȾҲֽ֣ȴ£Ǳ˭ѹ㣬ûٰǴ
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ȾĪԼʲô𣿡
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Ⱦûеȥ뵽ϬŵĻԸСƣҲҧҧȥ
.
Ϭڣضٰܿҵָ
һɵլӣͷȴʵúܡ
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Ⱦ̾ΪֹСŲţͼϬһ˳ȥ
ʱ
Сʲôǽ⴫ɤ
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ȾŵñսۣѾˤͷѪ׼
˭֪еʹһȵĻС
ۣͤӽߣԼߵЦСǱĲá
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ƿƳۣϴŵ٩Ц⣺ͻȻãǴŵˣ
Ⱦ䵽ŵ֮ϣĿһ³˭æڵأССŮӼ̫ӵ¡
ȾΪ̫ξ֮ŮڵʱҲ빬Կʥա
λӣҲԼǵǵģ
ֻû뵽ϬûԵݵͤȥ̫ʶ
̫ǸüԵģιﲻض񡣡
Ⱦæվͷֻ̫ӵϧ½Ҽ飬ɣֻҪռöιʱ䡣
飬ͤС֡
ʱ򣬶ȾҲֳܷĬĬסйص¡
̫˵գֵˣͶιظ
Ⱦͷһ㱻̫ӵͻȥĵﶨϬԺǽͷ
¡ͤؿڣĿ䵽ϣιȻˣȽȥһ衣
.
ȾҲû뵽Ȼᱻͤ븮С
㣬̫ͬһ鷿С
Ⱦһλģ޵ŮӴ԰й䣬ͤɩɩ
ֳҩæףֲţͻȻôСƵǺá
Ů˵ţ˳ժ»԰һ۰ཻĴ˿Ļ֦ڶȾ䣺Ư
ȾЩصͷ
ֳֻԵñиҪæʱҲǿͿģٻλŮӰ⡣
˹ˡ
ҲؽеŮӵе٣ҲС
СͬӰСģĶһߡͬһ㣬һɩɩҲС
Ⱦտʼ̣⡭ôԡҽˡ
ٱ̾ҡͷ㵨СҪ뽫ƭ֣ǲ׵ġ
Ⱦ΢΢ɴۣմ쵽󣺡ҡûС
˽͡
֮ͤǰȾǵԼġ
ҲٲȤȾˮͻȲ裺ιʲôֲƼǰˣѽͷĥһֻ³Щ׽Щˣ˭˼ܲ£
ĿοȾǰռ޹ʱʮ꣬ͬ㣬Ƶ˵ӡ
ԭˡȾͷ
ֱָң˵СʱƼµˣ޵òϳԷ˵һЦҲŷҲһӶѡ
ȾҲẈ̂ĪࡪԭͤˣҲеСʱ
ֽͬЩ֮¡
ȾȺ޲ָܶЩʱֵŻ֪ٵϬ
ڵһƣˡ
Ⱦû뿪ָ߳Ĵš
صǰǽ£СؽϬ֡
һǽϻ֦Ϭִǽðˣ
Ϭ̾ͤô̫ʶһҵѾߴ©ʲô
ȾԺʲô󽫾ֵ֪Ĵ󽫾
ŵ˵ͤǴ󽫾ĺӣԲŻôá
ȻˡϬĵǴ󽫾ǰˣ˱߽㲻֪
ȾҡҡͷԳϵ£֪֮١
.
˵ͤǴ󽫾µĺӣֲá
ֲʲô
˵ǰһս󽫾ķǱ׳ֻһӣǴ˶ҳġϬͤˣҲпԭ
Ⱦ˼
Ͼһʧȥףѻٿĵó
ʧȥȾһ£ʹÿҪ
.
صθȾȻ˶η˵Ľѵұؽ㡪ڼ֮ǰٳ
ҺȾӣֻʣ£Ҳǿùȥ
תۣǵӱҪ
ԭһգȾãǰε󣬿ʱ᲻¡֮ױҪΪ࿴ңȾ˭ޡ
׼ȷ˵Щ޵ˡ
ո¹ڷȾѩ֦Ĳ߳š
ھУеĸ˲μӣߡ񡢱ߣִ½ǶȾǡ
һľŮζŴӽԳޡ
λǰȾؾذղ£Ҫ֮ʣͷһ
̫ɤּ̫
Ī˵ǶȾηҲϵ̫ͻȻãæЯŮӭ˳ȥһأΧƵ̫֮ǰ
ض񡣡̫ǰȾ²μλﵹǳΪˣǱЩ
˵ţһ֣æй˶̳ǰ
ϣʢһֻӨ͸
һƹȥˮɫ͸֪
̫ŶȾ֣׵䣺ӣ㵱Ǳιļ񡣡
̫Ⱦǲоܾĵæл
պιпգҲö㱾ơ
ǰ̫һ仰
.
Ⱦ̫ʲô˼
Ī˵ηҲµõֻвȼ̫У㶨Ҫ£˵Ĳ˵Ĳ
áȾͷ
գеӶȾ
ԭΪһǽƣҲһԵĹŮû뵽̫һˡ
Ⱦ밲̫ǰٻʢ԰ĻǷͣǶϧһ¡
⣬汾ȥͻɺã
֮У̫ӣ̫󣬶ȾвӦ֮
һԵĹҲæ׼ģˮ°ڵ
һյƣӰ˹һ̫ӵ£һݸξȻǡͤ
Ⱦͷһ糺һ׹䡣
벻½Ҳõÿա̫ڣϲʤؿǣæٲϯʳ
ڻ£̫̫ദǢȾȴĲɣֱߵľƱЩ
ɫֻ;ֻ̫̫˵ţԸˣȥǰѽβ
һ˽
̧̫֣ʶǰ˵ķˡ
̫ӵִ磬žյΪ࣬졣
˵̫ӵº̫޺ɪȾĪ⡣
һպ̫ЦſŶιһֺ٣֮ϣ֪ιɷҺ͵һ֣
ڵķΧȾоܾĵʾǫ⣺ǳŮ׳ˡ
̫ƺ뵽ʲôܵ轣㣬ˣȥǱ
˵գֽͷͤ۱ܵڱ߹һֺý֪տɷùһ۸
á̫͵˵٣轣һ׮£


8 
̫ҪԼͤһ轣Ⱦͷһ˿ϲ
Ĩϲܿڿ국ĮĿȥ
Ⱦ˱ܾͤ׼
û뵽ȴףá
ɤɳɳģ֦ͬҶʹ㣬Ŵѱ⡣
ȻˣȾǻϲ
ѧ٣Եý㶼ѧǲѧ³ˡ
Ψ˿̣ȾԼѧϺķѵѪƹȥʮ꣬鷿ϰ٣Ϊıǽһ̡
ȾǰδеרעԼͤǰ˿©ֳЦ
ҺãٶԣһӦ֮£ö˼ָ֪ĸϣָò
һ轣ͤԡ
Ӱǰżһ䵽Ⱦ̨֮ϡ
̧ͷȴʱʱ̿̽ӰС
һգ̫Ӹпã֮ϡ
ȾͷȻ𴽽ǡ
ͤУջҪ£ˡһ
̫ƺϰΪǵûλߵ⣬ǸվҲգҲʱ鷿ͬһߡ
԰ֻʣ̫ͶȾ
̫ȡȾöͷĪǵˣⴺﻹ
ŮȾ֧֧ᣬ˵
̫ιϲ飿
Ⱦû뵽ֱ˵Լ˼
մ糺һֱȾֻګګϣǡ
ʱɥɥĸڱ߽ǰĽѡ̫º͵Ĵ㣬ĿϲֻҪЩͷ
ȾڹҲ¡
̫ЦЦǱˣպ飬͵ⶫ
̫һöƣȾɳ붫
.
ڶУͤĻȻֻܶ࣬ż
Ⱦͬ˵һ仰Ѳǲ
أ˵߻صʱ򣬶Ⱦڹסꡣ
ֹӡͷ
ĺѹʱֵģʳǵвľչ£ϸϸŮϡ
ͤͣ䵭Ŀǣ£
ܶȾ׼Ƽ̬ǲֵӡ
ϲʲôأ
Щʱ򣬶Ⱦί롣
һͤбϲĻЩίӲݳȥ
Ҳ⣬ȡһֻңսֹƽ෱æͷ˰ݱƬ
ͤиһĨڽ
μҹʵǴÿԡ
δ󣬱롰С˽ܣǴȥҪҪˣ
²ҪͤĻι˵²ϲ˴š
˵գᲽԶ
ȾʧıӰģ
С㡭һԵѩ֦Уֹסۡ
Ҫֻ֪ңСҹ壬ַ˰¡
ȾŮ죬һȥ̴ָͷѪ߳
δԹĿͷѩ֦ҲȰС㲻罻ū澣塣
ɡȾ΢Цҡҡͷ͸ֹӵģҵ⣬͵Ϊ˱𡭡ҹҵľ֮

ңȾǿгһĨЦ߰ɣͷء
.
ԶȾԣζſԿͤһֵø˵¡
ͬҲв˵£ƩŻӡ
ŻĸܳĹģȴʵ˷θúܡ
ÿÿȾĿת͸ϵȹҪ͸㡣
ôŻҲǻӣȾֻܹվڸ¡
ӴھɫУĿǣСֵɩȥ
صµĻǡȾ˰벽ܿľŻӣ̫µһףŮǰƷ
Ϊ̫ŻӾͻʶȤÿ㡣
˭֪˾ƣҲŴСɩͬΪŮӣһкȤԣС㵹絽УҲö֤ڻɩǶøġ
ŻԣȾηҲ֪⻰Խ˽硣
ԣŻЦûӣһټŮ棬ѵ䲻ϲɡ
һƽ
˴ڻ԰ļɽͷ˼
ȾΨһ£ֻӡ
תɿ쳯ȥѩ֦һѣѩ֦ȥˡ
ȾŮӣܵùǿ׳ľŻӡ
ܿ죬·С
Żдŵóѣһƽܰôˣ
Ⱦµûֱ£·ټԼ֮䣺㲻ҪҪٹҾ͡
Ż˿вϣια㲻֪.Ȥֻͬ˵˵ѡ
Ůβᡣ
ֱһɤ𣺡ʲô
Żһʱ˹
ڨڨЦԭ͵ܡ
Ⱦû㵽ͤ󣺡ֹӣҡ
ɤͤüһ塣
¸մ鷿ͷ̫ʥϸǰ棬˵лƽӿΣ֪ͷоŻӣ
ŻӹǱʵ飬ŵĨͣ˸ˡ
ȾãЩУͤƺӣ̫ӾŻҲη
ᣬͤվлֹӡ
л
ͤĵҪл͸лԼǰͷŮ
ƼŮϸ۲̳Ѫۣи÷ƣֻȾǴ޿ɾҩ̲סӶԼ˲ű˰֡
Ⱦɴۣ޹ɫĻ
ͤץס֣еת˸򣺡´Σǵý׼ˣҲҪúÿЩ
˵仰ɿ֣תˡ
Ⱦ䣬ƺͤµ¶ȡ
תͷѩ֦ѩ֦㶮˵ʲô𣿡
ѩ֦˵ͷҡҡͷ
СˣֻԶҲöƵĵ
.
ÿÿӶη˶ȾڹЩ¡
ȾʵʵشΨͤйص£˵
Լ׻ֱּңֻǵͤӲϲ
նȾңηûüʣƼѪۡ
֬ڹȴӲη˵۾
η˸һ𣬶ȾпŻӵ¡
ηȻǳҵĹŮƿڴ񣬵ǲҶμҷС
οȾ󣬶ηȡϺõĸҩ䣺ģڶض
ûãȾ˵Żӳ¡
˵ʱ򣬴ˤԭˤȵ£˭֪һ·ֲס˾ŻӵĳͷƤ­ֱ¶׹
ŻӵʱδصУҽҽ²ҽһҹ
ȾЩ£ЩҡҺ⣬Լˣһ׶֣˲˿ô졣
ҹη˯ǰΪȾͷŮڻе빬Ҳǳõ¡ٹ£ʮ磬ȥμӹ磬ļҹӿˣ׽
ȾǰָͤϧϲԼ
ԹԵ˵ͷá
ͤǿ϶ȢģۿԼԸ⣬Ⱦɬɬ룬ܸ׵ĻΪԼһλ
.
ʮʺĵŮ磬ַǷдٹ˵Ů빬μӡ
СŮʮ꣬ϴʯָʹúܡ
Ⱦ͵һִʮϲ˫ۿȾ͡
磬Ⱦȴ˺Щʹ͡
ǿЦãŹлϯϰϬġ
Ϭ̾
ȾЩʱûƼ֪ʲô˼
ʲôϬƲֵ⣬˵£ôͤôѸˣС㶼׷ˣȻ顣
ȾЩеĵҭ
ɳܵϲ٣ͤÿ˶Įǽһˡ
һǣйǸѩҹЦ̡
Ϭûвı仯Ⱦһɣɲ֪ж֣С㷭ǽȥȻֱӷżļҵͷ֮ϲֻҪҶһ£һغ
˰ˣһʵʵؼʮĻӵĺáͤˣ˭Ҫ˭ҪԺٲ˿ͷԡ
Ϭĸÿ죬ȥҲ졣
ɶȾͬϲͷһ𣬲ҸκˣһҸǣȫɢߡ
ȥȾԼ
ҡȾԥſڣҪ
ҪʲôҸáϬû׵˼
ǡȾ˾ƣκϯС
ϬɤҪͤϲ
ԭڵϯ֮ϣɲʱѻȸеĹŮԲͷȾĿ


9 
Ŀ֮£Ⱦ飬˹
ղǲ˵ʲô˵Ļ
Ӧòɡ
ܿ죬ʮ۵ĻĽһ룺ԭνϲָ硣
ҲǡȾæҪ⣬һ˵ڣס
ν㲻úߡʮϲָ磬ձ͵ʸǰ˵ȥΪͶθͻ顣
˻һ̨ЩЦ˳ֻǵҪʮӣûЦ
طġȾ޲ҸطȥŮ˵˵ѡ
ȾףӲԵҲǺ¡
˭֪ʮȴǲΪβأȻϲָ磬ǾӦü޸ѲɻȢˣ
ȶȾôشˮͷ̫ˬʵЦʮССͣͻȻָĻˣ
˵ţ̤ˮ鿵УæҪ̫ӻ֣λض񣬽ʮ磬λ˼ɡ
ĶȾҲ˻ȥһ̧ۣƼ̫ͤ
Ų£ǿƽ£һö壬ߣϸȥÿƿ߳ˣһȦΡ
ٿãҲ޹ء
Ⱦ֪ȤصͷֱĲյǳһڡ
˭֪νĲˮڣȾʶŨͬӰ㣬˳ĺһ·ȼȥ
ϯ֮ϱûԶٶһյƣθжյۡ
㲻һ͵ǧմˣʲôһϬʡ
¡ȾӲҧͻȻ볢ˡ
һ仰δ˵꣬ȾǰصӰˮ鿵ģ塣
ƺ˻һν㣬󸸻Ϊָͻ飬޸˵òãò
޸ͤôܲã
˼ҹ룬֮¡
Ⱦ覶룬ͷá
շȾֻһĿƺŮ̧ۣͤĮĿ⣬ʱѹ
һ˲䣬ȾԼѧʮʧִյ
˲ʰæˣܶϷҲȹֹӲǡ
ͤȾԼǰĺǾȲ
ˮ鿵ƬҲȥˣҲ˲̫ӵ»ڣȾ͵վŮ˾ƣ˴ʵЩƵûţȥߣ̫ӵºʮˡ
ȥɡ̫ӵͣƽЩϸ֦ĩڣֻ԰ͷúܣֵǺˮи˸ţöС㲻Сĵˮȥˣ飬ȥСΣ
Ⱦû뵽̫ӵ»˵Ҫܾ˭֪ϵ彣ǡ
.
彣ǰеʸ񣬶Ⱦû뵽ֹ̫ͤܵӵӣʥҲмӡ
ЩʱգȾʼҵĹϵͤĸԭǵλʺ׽㣬ǵʥϵֶѹ̫ӵߵǰ
󽫾ڣͤǽӣӺ˫ֻǵĹ˵һ붼Ҫˡ
ϧ߽һսʿʮˣֽķս֮ϡ
ŭյӢ۳ˣĺλҲּϳֻһտڣԼӡ
˵ͤǸ磬ڹе̫Ӱ˼ҩ̡
Ⱦ˾ƣ˼ҲЩɢţؽ²ȿա
Ҫǰͷ˹ȥһֻס죬Ⱦվ
ͤ޲С·ĪǶ·
ȾعͷʶĻԼҪˮһء
ŮûͤĻȥ񣺡лֹӾ֮
ŷԼȻ֪ߵ˺ߡ
ˮӳűڣԾ
ȾҲҵߣͷ½űߵʯӣûסڣϯЩҺӦģֹĪҪϡ
ͷ֮£Ůձ죬ʱڽδӡ
ͤջĿ⣬ۣѵĳס۵Сˣ¡
޹ءȾ˵ʲôĵĻѵô󵨴ͤĻ֪㲢ϲңҷɵʲô£ҵġ
ͤһߡ
֪֮
תᲽҪߡ
״Ⱦæϡ
˭֪ǧմĺ󾢲Сҡҡλǰȥһײ֮ͤϡ
һϲŭɫ̾
Ǹ鷳
һ³ʲô£ָֻϸϵͤɫ
еĳʵһ˵ݵȾǰץס
Ⱦ⣬ȴ˫֣ս˽ʡ
ȴͤסʵһͷǰȥ
Ů߳˿˿Ƶ⡪ͤǣ
˵ܵʮָۣҲǴǣС֣ѽͤ˽֮ǣ


10 
Ⱦֱˡ
ԭԶգƺ׽ֶӵ£ٰǶ÷з³˵ˡ
δ˻صϣôӵۣȾеŮңȻڹ˵ֻǽǶμҵˡ
ȾͷСֹһʲô
˵ʲôʵ˵Щ
ȻҪǶȾҲûʲôڵģŮǾƺ˵һ仰ΪȢףȽдʫ¶ó
ڳƱĶδǱԼŮͷۣЩߡ
ʱη˴ſ˽˵ĶԻǳλ죬
ԼʮԾʵĵȾ˵һס
ηһԹƵİѲֵֻֻЩΪ񶨷ңʡزס˼
⻰ڽ֮ǰȾηηز֨װš
ǽͤеĽǣδضԼ顣
ǾóȻˣͤ
ȾҲ֪Ķ˫ֽճȭͤ˭Ҳޡ
η˲ΪҲû˵ʲôػֻѾ߽н飬СԺȥûҵķԸ˷ų
.
ȾԺһС죬ʲôš
ÿջὫʳ͵޷С˳ȥ
һԲƺǵöȾ죬ǨŭԼϡ
Ψѩ֦οС£ū澽廨ɺá
ȾԼǸûͳֵң˵ͷպܸͤңܽСԼ幤
ֻѧ廨ʵ۾úܣȾһ֮ϵĺƾͿҪصһ𣬿ۻҡ
ȾԼ۾Ҫɶ۶ʱʱҪ̧ͷա
ɫտһ޵ĵơ
ȾҲϬǰ㣬ֽýݵشǽȥҲԼûǸ£ȥֻͷҲ׵š
ֻйؾص׷š
ͲţԼһӣ
.
¹󣬶η˹Ȼˡ
ңźСѾߣһеʢҡԼʢһŸȹ
ȥη˷ԸǣһʱڣСʰá
ȾѾǵĴӵ£ױǰǸԼ̷.Щ䣺Ҫȥʲô
СѾߵͷʵʵ𣺡ū澲֪
Ⱦ̾˿ûΪǡ
ԼĪ˰ʱȹֽͷ˫٣񻷽߳⡣
װ磬ǱȼնҪ¡Щ˪ɫȹؽ࣬óĳ껪Ů׵ʡ
η˵ͷ֣
Ⱦ˹ȥס
ŶȾη˲ŵսΪףʺǧ꣬ƷϵĹټŮӶҪ磬ǧϻһʲôӡ
ȾǱˣɵģǡ
Сη˻һ٣ϼּλӣҲװûƼûУ
֣Ⱦһͻ
ϵֲԾϣһʱ˵
ηװûƼСʱϯϣвŵԵĹӣȢ޵ͣнġ
֮⣬ͤѸĸ˫ŲԵĹӣȾ붼Ҫ롣


11 
ͤԸҲԸԼ޸Ⱦͷ廨Ьǳ⻨ƣ̾˿
Ե޷ְɡ
˹УȾڶη˵Ĵ֮£ǰݼʺ
μΪʺ󱸵ĺһ¹ͬĺڼʢ̴ľ֮ϣɶȾϹϾسȥ
ʺʮȴõȥֻȶȾʮĽ㡣
Ž𻤼׵ֳȾУϴǳǳЦ⣺úӣڼʲôԢ⣿
ȾСʺΣǰ¶ӣĻΪ¹ָͬͬķԴ٣ʺ֮ĸȻͬ졣
Ǹ麢ӡʺЦҲѹ̫ڱǰ㣬ÿգҲö㱾˵ǡ
ɱиֶӣͤ˼꣬Ƕ٣лġ
䲻֣ͤȾ΢㶣Ϸ⣬񶼲֪Ķ䡣
Ҫ֪޵֮У˹ټŮ죬ʺֱ˵ͤȾɵҲĴ֮⡣
Ķηȵˣ檼λСŮͷǹɣʵӲ½˹У徲
ʺǳһ裺η˴ԲӣŮСõŹ⹬ƾˣһ֣Ҳʡ
η˶˶٣˵ǡ
Ⱦûʺ׶л˼ѱֹͤߡ
ǽʺңĻǲǾ͸Щ
һʺǳǰͤǰ棬Ҳͬ˵ϼ仰˵Щʲôء
Ⱦǰ䵭üۣθԼȴɻ֮ȥ
ϯƼͤȾΪ˼ɼڳ˴
⡣ֱԶηüڣȾڻع
æջĿ⣬һ£
ηûдС˼λ°׽£ͷӧڵģǷ̫ʦҵĵճ
Ⱦûж룬˳˵ķ򿴹ȥ
ԼĪʮ߰꣬ȥǣͶʿ֮
λӵ²ż汸нʿٴƷְɣؽǰ;η˵ǰТ꣬䡣
ĸ֣жȾʶ˵Щʲô
ԭ״磬Ϊ
Ⱦײ㾭ɫڵһĪҪ˵ˣһ˼ҷӸŮû뷨ء
ηƳһۣ޿ܡ
û뷨λý˵μʡ
ȻýʵֹǷң̫ξμҵСŮٰǣǶ֮õġ
ԭηŮԵǼǹ󣬽һأЩ̸ۼҲ١
û뵽Ⱦ֪ʱͤġ
쵶ն飬ΪŵԵķ˶ͤ˼ĺãʡֳʲô
η˼Ȱ֪ӽԽԺã檣ûͨңܺ㣬ǲãʱҺΪ
Ⱦ޷˵Ϊ֮С
ʲôӣ޵ٰͤĶͤ
͵شλվ
»ʺϯٹŮҲ뿪ȥԶȾһվͻأ
ҡȾҿף˴̫ȣŮȥɢɢġ
˵գͷҲصߡ
.
ƹȣ԰ͷŮǵЦ֮
ϬҲУ۾һ籣ںԵŮӥ׽С
Ⱦ£Զţûǰ
ǰҲǣԴԪҹÿÿ֮ʱͤˡ
֮ʣҲ
Ӵ֮󣬶ȾٲƬ徲
ҲˣȾȭԼŶϴ˴Ⱑ⣬ʱˣǸ˶ѡ
ǱǸδ䣬һɤ
ȾعͷȥƼŮ˵Ӣˬ
Ⱦϳ˵֮˭æ񣺡ʮһ
ʮһǻʹŮͷһλֳ߻ӡ
ôĻӹҺöȾСͼǵúģû˸
ض񡣡ʮһߵȾǰͳһö壬ݵȾǰ
Ⱦ΢΢Բۣæֵ޹»ŮҪҪĶ
˭˵ǸˣʮһЦ£ⶫ͵ٷͤȥ
ٷͤ˴ԶȾףΪʮһԼȥƫƫҪ͹ȥ
ҡҡͷˡŮܡ
㲻ȥĪҪڡʮһƺͲµ˵㣬ˡ
˵գ˹
ůϾ£ƺںδ
⡭ͤ塣
Ⱦƶ˼һɽ󣬱̵ָⶼۣȴ᲻ý
԰ͷִŮǵĻЦȾ㣬æսģ˿
ٷͤ˴ԶԼĪһĽų̱Եִ
δһʱҲδػѰ
ȾлȨףȴѲسٷͤķȥ
תۼ䣬ƹһɽٷͤǰ
ʱֵʢģٷͤԱߵķ糵еˮк֮ͤϣˮγͤٲ
Ϊ˲ˮ齦֮ͤϣͤһȦᣡ
綯֮ʱˮɴͤǵˮ죬ÿǺÿǿͷǷˡ
Ⱦ׳ŵӣֳǰЩֹӣ
ͷ˻ӦȾе壬߽ͤ
ˮٷָͤأͤˬһŨΨûͤӰ
ȾδŹ㣬ᣬŹţ̫Щ
Ⱦʧ䣬ʮһǹϷŪԼƭ˵˴ˡ
ƫƫԼôɵȻ˵
Ⱦ֪ӦˣȴиҪٵһȣ
˽ս֮ʣƿɴ˽
Ⱦǰһֹ
˵꣬ȴͤϣüм⣺ô㣿
ĻһˮжȾ˰ء
ǲģĵ壺˽Ͷ
˵ţȾȴƼͤö˶˵ϵ䡣
ȾԲۣ̯Լģʮһö壺ôᡭ
ͤƼϵĶ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴǰŮҡҡ׹ķ˹
ȾҲ֪ô£ֻͷԻҪվȡ
ΪԼһˤضˤñף˭֪ȴһֻǿַסļ硣
ţһͤס
ĪҪڶȾ
һ룬ȾͤΪλ˵סᱧٷͤˣֱֱԾȥ
ȾһļԾɤۣΪҪһ׹У˭֪ͤżȵزȵʲôͷ
ԭͣͤһֻ񴬡
ȾڴͷûüȴͤһԲִǰȥ
΢ҡҷɢ㣬Ҷ̣񴬺Ͷ˵һڡ
ȾȴֻԼƺȵûţǰδеܣͺ˳ĹǷ죬ϸϸҧɰ㡣
ߵзɫ̺ҶصӳȾģΨڴͷͤġ
˲Ůҵ֮߳ģȥͤQֹӡ
Ϊȣܡ
ͤĶûͣͷҲأ¡
Ⱦģɤﶼ˿ǻͤ㿴ҡ
ͬ˵˵ѡ
ʩعͷֻ׳ĸ֣޲ɼ
ϼͤĲնһߣǷµòˣΨüۼ䵭ü١
ȾתȥıӰͤΪҪԼ
ֱԶİߴһŮ˰˰ˮˣ
һֱΪβˮ
ȾʶģţһˮϣԼȶȽЩ
һȾʱ˼֡ԭԼǱˡ
ʲôֵֹҩͤϽߣӶٷͤеĳ沢ÿ
һȣˮΪ˽֤ٷͤ˶
ѹͤ޲ɼ
ǲΪԼƭģ
Ⱦз𵭵ĿɬҧѪȵϢڴ֮䣬ҲٲϷ
.
ʱİһţ԰ˮԶԶĹŮԼټȫΧ˹
ˮ֮ˣæˮ̡
ͤ񴬣ߴĶеĽʶȾûг
عͷȴŮϰ֮⣬ǽˮУҲ֪жá
ͫһͤҲ룬һס죬ˮ
ˣɤŵŭ
ȿȡ⶯⧲ȾǺ˼ˮûôȣҲࡣ
ͤ纮Ŀ⣬ſֻҪͣҡ
ͤһԲɻ֮ʲô˵Ⱦᱧè봬յС
Ⱦͬһֻܵŵèˮٵ۵ɳԲۡ
ڣδڣͤϣڴ֮ϡ
ꡪ
ȵĸס˶ȾĴ
УʢǺӡ
ȾһʱЩա
Ȼعŷʵ̫ŵͤϵϢǷѩ䡣
Ⱦ˶ҲԼҪ˵ʲôֻۣߵꡣ
Ȼ⴫ζ֮ˮ˵ˮðͷ˳ƽִڴ֮ϡ
ƽӶʱССһֻڣΪľǼȤ
ⷬʱҡ
Ⱦӣ±˲
ǽ˿ͤ㣬ǵˮҲϴ塣
ƫСȾܸܵϵĺĳȡ
ͤƶȾǷǣȾ޷ʲô£ͷ˲
֮£Ụ̊ͤҲ
ѵͬϸЩ
ȾգգۣʾԼĻȥ
һλˮðſڴ͵ֵܣˮ֮ûУ
˵ˣëûУҿ˵ƴˣ㲻ֻһ㡣
㣬ЩŮǣϲС֣ҲգҶˮݻϰ
һûһţٳٲ뿪
ȾҩƾдάסԼβȴֹסڸ
ԺһƬ磬⣬ԼѷɵĴ꣬˭֪ͤĴ֮ϡ
Ůʪ󣬴żֲ֪ǷջȥĲ֪롣
ۣͤûԵķӦ
ڣͷ뿪ˣεԶȥ
ͤջظڶȾϵ֣ԺЩ
˭ģɤЩƣŴĪ䡣
ϢĶȾǺݺݴ˼ſڣǡʮһ塣
أͤ֡
ָ޳֮ϻһ㳣ֹĥı룬խӳĵÿһݿݡ
Ⱦ𷽲ԼСģʱصͷͤġ
ҩЧȥʶ࣬ŷӦԼǰЩʵ̫
ͤûпɫֻϸϸĦö塣
ȻƷ
ֹӡ֪ʮһΪʲôҪô𣿡ȾСʡ
겢ûлش⣺ȥĪҪκ֪շʲô
ŶȾͷ
æȹڣֽڸƽֱ֮ϣȾüͷһ壺ˡ
Ҫ߳յͤ
ҵͷҳǽ׿϶³ʲôȾʰ𴬰ϵĲҡ
ŮķȷʵҵòģԭԺ½ʵ˫٣ŷĵ䴹ϣŽͷˮУͷҲʪ˴롣
ȾæҵظԼ纷¶ѩ֦ûоӿգŪ÷ٸҡ
ͤʵǿۣûٵȥʾȾԼϣ


12 
ͤɫȾҪΪ˵Ц
Լ̷
ݲöȾ룬ٴƳһۣݵϡ
ͤβ֪Ⱦ룬ֻΪ̷ܱȽ֮±й¶ȥĺá
ӵֶɣŮĳ¶޳ѩ׵Ĳ
ٰǵĹŮ༫עؼȾǲ⣬ԼĲƽҲѾͿĨɢÿһ缡ϸ۶ɢ㡣
ԵͤԴָӹʱȾ΢ظ֪ȡ
ҺȲû̫ͣã֮˵ɤˡ
ȾŽɵԺ̺õķ٣˿лֹӡ
Ů֮ˮ٣̴ҩЧδʱĺΡ
ͤ˶٣¡
.
ȾصʱηԵѾȻһŶȾææӭС㣬ҪϯūҵظأյĶȥˣ
ȾͤΪĺɻΪԼȹڴˮ˸ѵɣ
ƺкɻúãѰ˸ԼժȥˣһʱþˣףЩȥ
ӦæתС뿪
ȾǰߣԲм꺬ŵǳɡ
ҺضηûɣŶȾֱӻ˸
.
ȾЩɻϴϵعڴƿУ˴ͷ
ΣͤΪժĻƼǾ̲סЦ
Ⱦʼ롪УͤסĴ˵Ǽ֮ףɻָȢ
ϧȾȰȣȵЩʢһƬƬںĴϣҲûȵͤȢĺϢ
׽һ˦Ⱦǰͨ뺣ͷٰδ䣬ŵԵĹӣԼһģΪѡ
Ⱦؿɲ˵Ц
ԼǲֻδŮ޳ȥ
֮ͤ䣬Ȼǿлĺɻ꼻һְˡ
ȾϷ˷
˵ٰķţǰǰ㽲ŮȾǹŮӣЩӸһ붼档
ָֻһ㣬ָʺϼġ̫ʦҵĵճﷶǱ
ֻҪ޵˲ͤ˭࣬ٷǱúÿ
ͤɫ꣬ǷǱɽݵꡣ
˸ͬиĺÿ
ѡδķȾͷƵģ跹˼
η˿ȴûκαʾĸŮҲֻͤˣǺ
.
һº󣬷ҵָͣͷ
˲ǷǱİ÷죬ʮСģСɰ˵ɤࣺŶνϲʫɼнһʫᣬνһͬǰ
ηЦŽȥѴõĶȾλС͵ţֶȾþЩʫˣɲޱӡ
Ⱦͷ֪ˣ
ֻ֪ʫǼ٣뷶Ǳһ桪ٰǵĴͳˣδŮʫǾƻΪͷһ˫û飬Ӽס
.
ʫһһϾУʱֵգˮˣˬ
μʫ˽ǷҵãЩŮǴ඼мʶȾİ
ҺȾƻȭֺȾЩԼʲôġ
ֱؿڣν˾ƣֻƵûţҴ㵽ͷɺã
Ⱦδ룬һ˳ȥ
˫ַˣ棬ԶԶƼˮһаطɹȥȾлϲסԷ䣬ָЩص쿴
ڣԭιϲ
Ⱦľ⣬ʱ˴롣
ջ֣ڨڨ˿ȥӡ
ٳһƣѲӰ
ڶȾԸѩ֦˴ֳҲûоþнֻشЩڣȥǿ
ǱףУСͬЩһ㣬Ҳǿ
Ŀǲ˵ЦȾĪӹˡ
δȢŮδޣײ˶ദ̫ã򵥼仰֮󣬱ʱֿ
Ⱦûסֿ֮ǰʵӿҪȢң
Ǳδֱӻش𣬶ǷʣΪζСỳµģ
ȾЩΪؿڣӦ֪СŮУˡ
ͤǱڣɫֹòˣСףϲ
Ǳһ˵˶Ⱦ˼
ǰ֮Իϲͤ˾ֻ֮źÿҲ벻ϵ
ϲ˭Ҫ޸˭¡
ǶμҵСŮȻӦóصϣ޸ŵ֮ˣͤʱһΣѹξ͸ýˡ
Ⱦɫ죬һʱǸ
Ǳֿڣˣֻٹ£ʥԣʱд󳼼ŮμӣιҪ
ȾǱеԼ֮⡣
мֽ˲ɣҲ
£˵ȾмΪ顣
ٰǴĹŮΨȾŵûҶԹ֮㡣
޷ǱЦ¶ͨһԽ̶ι
Ⱦûоܾأͷš
תڵ᷿߹ȥ
ǱĿŮ뿪ıӰ̴ǳЦֱƲʲôЦ⳯ȥ
һˮľ¥뻶źķ򿪡
ÿһȵ񻨴󣬶һż䡣
ǱЩż䣬Ŀɻ󲻶
ʲôԵСæʵ
¡֪ΪΣǱԼãͷƺһĿ⣬ע
ֻǵͷȥʱƺֳ˴
߰ɡǱС˵ҵʣŮʲôãƥ˳Ļš
.
ߵľ¥У΢죬ﲻȡ
ͤջĿ⣬˿ʵ͵ܿʲôĪǻ֮к˲ɣ
ûСͤ治ɫ£ѵüһ棬ǻ˵µĺá
˵ţȡһö壬õϣ֪ΪҪð䳼ּλƭٷͤȥ
Ŀǣȴ̩ɽѹѹ߻
ҳԼ֮£ڨЦŵ͵˵ʲôΪβ
𣿡ͤ治ɫǱ߻ӻҪʢЩ²˵һºˣǰʳϣλɱ̫ӵµĴ̿ͣҲǵɵ˰ɣ
߻ӵЦ⽩ϣ⡭
¿֪ǳһУֻµ²ܰȵڴ˴ѱ˳
̧ۣͤݲȵĿǣȴ߻亹ֱ£㣬ҪǸλãҪס
߻ͲסҪγס̫Ӵ˼ܣֻΪǿ
ңǰּǹﱻıּ̫һ˭֪©Ȼһֶ͵ܺβƾͼȢΪޣģȻ˶μҡ
ͤ
˵Ⱦ޲ɼǰ߻ӣҲضá
áˣֻ»Ҳǰ¡
ͤϲԣţպĪҪóȻ£򡭡ס˰ѱ
û˵ʲô߻˿æά͵ܵϣҪǸ̿͵޶ֻ֤̫ӾǻʲôҲ޷
ͤ΢ҡͷ̫ˣ̫Ѳ̿ǰذףǱ߽Żеģֻ˳ϣ֮ڲ鵽ͷϲѡ
߻ɫȻǸǺã
֮ƣֻе᲻һƣ̫ӵˡͤѹɤ¹ӦΧԡ
߻ӽıȥУһǹˡ
¡ͤĻɰܽһ֮䣬οгڡ
仰ڸ߻Īģҧã˵
ֵ͵ҲǧҪչ˺ԼĪЩ˵̫ء
.
˵˵̲̣йȻ˾ΧԵϢƷϵĹټŮԿС
Ⱦλֳ䣬ȻҪμӵġ
룬ܵ詵鷿УҲȥμԡ
Ӵδ־ϲǼʲôʱתԣȻҲȥԳˣ
ȾװеֻܴӦˣҾҪȥ
ֹΪӦ˷ǱΪȾʳգдͽִǽͷԾ֮ʣˬ
Ҳ𹭣һǺεζ
͵ǡ뷶Ǳ֮ǰͤһЩʱա
ֵùοҲƼԼŮදȻûоܾ
ηַԸȥòׯ˸ȾҹƳһ׺ĺ
̺խ䣬Ӱ󣬽ŲţƤѥȾ᲻
ǰҹžգ⡣
ѩ֦ȰСЪ°ɣһҪУ˯ˣֻ
ȾὫ£뱻ѵС
֮ƺԲдźɻǳ㣬Ⱦƽڴһ¡Χԣ̫ͤңȻҲȥġ
תһ룬Լʲôϵأ
ȾеĹⰵ˸ٶ룬˯εС
.
ʱֵ£ٰǻһƬ֣ԳУȴ¶ɪ
ƺĶǰͷȻʥϺͻʺͷŵλӹٵͷǴ󳼼Ҿ
յĳ̣Ⱦҡҡλεл˯֮ͣ
ۣƿ߽
ȾδˣԷ㽫һ
Ⱦһ飬ʱ˯ȫޣϬ
˭㻹˯ģϬΪȻ⣬ʵΧˣǲǡ
˵һ룬ͷѩ֦С㣬ˡ
ֻɽ־Ⱦ֮вӥ裬˲ɵһ
.
ݡ
һֻʸŮСɵĹзɳȴֻһԶԭҲûзӦˡ
վڶȾԵϬǲһЦ˳⣬˰µļ
Ⱦգ¼㲻˵ҾͲˡ
У˵Ͳ˵ϬʸɳӵĶ䡣
߹ȥеץ͸㣬͵СҪҪ
ȾֻСӣ۾ҡҡͷҲҪ̫ˡ
ϬΪȻСӷˣҿѽñӻҪСأǸõЩʡñ˵ˣɾ͵òʧ
ȾûӦĻͷҶС
Ϭ׷Ҳ˵Цѣ㵱ˣ
ûСȾҡҡͷ
ֻЩɥ
ܹͤһͽͷԼȴŲȻ֮
Ⱦʧ֮ʣŲæعͷȴǷǱ
ǱЦιƼ£ƺʧ
˵ЦˡȾæվĵϵҶ
Ǳǣŵƥɫһ˫ˮ۶ͷϵëɱӣ׺ա
ƯȾ̾
רΪ׼ģιԣ
ǱʣȾʶҪܾ֪뵽ʲôá
ԶȾ˵һ£ѵµһŵϣٲҶ
ιĪ¡Ǳƥ˳ˤ㡣
ȾŽɣڣݡ
ɵǰ˼Ȼͣ
Ⱦ־ϲͷǱƥȻ
˵꣬ȾŲϬѲӰֻʣ¶ˡ
Щڣֻͷ
ģȾֻƯëԶЩ˵òã
ͷһ˶ȾĻ
Ⱦ»ϲӣݡ
µӷɱ
Ⱦͷᵽʹ죬˱ԼķǱ
һһֱһϪϣͣ
ȾͷˮԼ
ƺʲôӹ
ȾԭΪæعͷȥ
˭֪Ǽλĺˣּ䣬ֵķȥ
Ĵ磬Щ˶ȻǺˡ
Ⱦʶ㣬ȴѾټк˳ķ򱼹
æȥ
˽׷ᣬȾһļҪɤ۶
ʱƿնȾĺء
Ӱأ֮ˣǰͷͤ
ϣ䣬ɫ䣬ȴһξ
ȾԭսήģһҸȼ
Ҳ룬˳ͤ
δ䣬µס㣬ŶȾǰȥ
Ů֮Ϸ˳
ûл֮ϴȾֱֱ˹ȥҺֻˤ˲ݵ֮ϣûײøͷѪ


13 
ȾˤĲݵϹ˺üȦһࡣ
ۣˤ£Ժɲǿհס
һͤǰ㶪Ůҽͷ̧
һ߳ܣһڼЩʲôֻǳοҲá
ϧȾֻһĺЦЦŵĳ
С㡣ͤĮĻвû˿ϧӦ֮Զ
ҡȾҲ֪˴Գ⣬лĻǣûУ˾ʵ̫ðա
СȾ𷽲׷ɱĺˡ
عͷȥƼеĺѾûϢϵڲݴ֮䡣
ѾͷؿˣͤڣȾȻûô຦£ɻ󣺡ˡĪǴ̿ͣ
Ů̴¶ͤеʲô㡣
ͤûлشֻǰδȫӲʬϡ
Ⱦ׻м£ûۡ
ʱԶֵдԴȾС㣬ڴ˴
ǷǱˡ
Ⱦż̰ͤһۡθˣ겢ϲĿⶼûԼƤֻᡣ
Ⱦҧ´ĳڵ֮ϣվ
˭֪һ״ĵʹȾһ˻ȥ
Ƿż̫ͤˣŤ˶ע⵽
ͷʱʱǱĺѰȾԥҪҪڻӦ
ͤʩ㿴
ŮҰ׵ӣԼڽ׼Ķʱ³ʲô
ͤ΢΢üƺÿÿμλС㣬ǳʲô֦
ͷţͤվ˹ȥסŮ޹ǵֱۣᱧ
ȾһץסЩʲô㱻ͤȷŻ֮ϡ
ࡢл֪ΪΣһͤǰȾͱ˽͡
ͤһԲݵϺſڣСĪҪκˡ
˵ֲ꣬һ䣬ǷҲɡ
ȾͷȻҲͤŵˣΪ͢ȻҪܡ
̲סģֹӿǻҪȥ׷ԵĴ̿ͣ
ͤûлӦ
ȾĲ䲻ϰΪֻ֣µֹǧ壬ĪҪˡ
ͤҪջصһ٣ɫްƺҪ˵ʲô
ⷶǱЩ⣬ڴ˴
еĺֻһ֣á
.
ͤȻӦˣ
ȾһӣǴԴɬҩ֭е֭عζѾǣʧӰ١
ǽ״ʹƬǰһУƺֻǶȾһΡ
ֱǱѰǰȾγѡ
ιǱ˿û°ɣ
˵꣬ǱƼմ֦γϸ˺ۣˣ
ɫأȾУԼųٳûгʱΣû¡
˵ô˵û¡ǱЩ࣬СһӪȥһЩҩĺá
ȾûоܾĻ
ϾˤȻûˣϵ׻ܣûԵ£ֻһɡ
.
صӪʱֵ󣬴˶ԣ¶֮徲ˣһеҽͱǱйˡ
ΪȾĽ֮ҽֿҩࡣ
ҽߺѩ֦ҩ࣬ڴߵķǱӣҼС㵽δޣֻ¡
һѾߣֻܽ˵ء
ǱʶԼңһȻˣһչ˺С㡣
ʵ÷ǱԸѩ֦ȻҲչ˶Ⱦ
СΪϵ˿ڲҩȾϵĺĳ¡
Ⱦſڱһ˯˹ȥ

֪˯˶ãȾǱһӵѵģԺۣǰһƬ谵ʶӦΪ˲ŵ˯ûеơ
ѩ֦ȾЩڿʣҪˮȡ
û˻Ӧ
ȾֻԼӦڵĻ谵ֻţƤͷӿӰֽƣʲô·
Ⱦ΢⴩Ϻͷȥˡ
Ⱦδƿۣ˵̫̣߻Ϊ˱ˣ»Բѡ
棬ʲô̿󵨣
ֹǴ󵨣˵Щ̿ͲҲ֪˶ã߻Ӳ˵֪ʲôٿȺʮֻ׷̫Ӳţŵ˽Ⱥ
Ȼƿ϶˽
æعͷСˣѩ֦ԸˣȥΪȡš
ȾɫҰף˵Ǹŵˣʲô֣
ʵĽΪͻȻһʱûӦ
˵ʲô֣ȾҧԻһ˿ң˵˭ΪȺˣ
λμҹﻹº˳ģ˿̾⧲λҲ룬æڵء
һ˵ĪҪ˵ʧ֮ǡǽּҵСͤ


14 
֣أͤ
Եҹ統кڶȾϡ
Ů𲻶
Ⱦƫͷڵϵλ˭˵Щģ
ףǵϬ֪ϲͤȴƭЩ˵ЩÿЦ
׶μλСʲô˼عĻСҲǷŻʱԳǱߵĽ˵ġ
δ˵꣬ȴǰӰȾѳԳķȥ
ҹֳХųĺϣȾܵ÷ɿ죬ǺķС
š
˵ͤ˵ȻܹЩ̿ͣȻҲЩǲŶԣôʧ
˵һȺǣ᲻ѾȾȥ
ΧӪ֮صƻͨȾδܽŮ޵ú캰أҽææĽִɳԳԳȥƺҪʲôˡ
ûüע⵽λҴܹĹŮ
ֱȾƼһϤˣ
ٳʮأݲȵĶ̫ξüҲмֽƣҵúܣʲôȥ
ȾûӦĻ˵̫ˣ
ĪҪ˵̫ξֶЩȥ
˵գ̫ξѾԶ߽һţƤ
Ⱦ˴أҸֵ֮ȴֲ֪Լ˭
תʧǵߣһ򣬶ȾЩûˤڵأҺñһֻȷס
ɤԴУιôˣ
ǷǱȾˮ֮ץסһľץ֣ӡ\"
Իһ˿ڼ˵ͤˣ
ǱûιģʥѾɽȥˣ͵ܶᰲȻ
Ⱦ˵ͷס֪ˡ
ȾķӦԼҪƽǱҹ󣬶ιﻹȻȥЪϢĺãȥ
ˡȾæС벽ҲҪæԼȻȥͺá
˴񲢲ԶǱûǿҲãιЩЪϢ
ȾǵԼôشǱģʧǵߣȴûлص
Ӫص𣬶Ⱦ˳ЩƬ֮ǣһƥ˳
ƥִָﷶǱͷ˳СȫȻͬȾ˲ú£ǣ֪Ķ뷭ȥ
ƥ˻ϰϷԽ㣬ƺⱻȾСݣҪˤ
Ⱦܲˣ˼Ȧϣսۣһӣݡ
ƥǰȥȾڷߵû¼ɢܣΨԺеͷᶨҪҵͤ
ͤţƴһҲҪۼ
ͤˣͷӣ˭Ҳޣ
ֱ˿̣ȾףǷͤɡ
ʲôŵԣʲô֮ķǱǶ׵ĹأòϲһˣΪʲôҪף
ĺĥۣȾҧһԡ
µƺӣ˳ӶȾļԦ¹ּ䣬ЩѰͤĽ׷ȥ
.
Ѹ磬ǶȾ׷ϵģžԽԽԶЩȴǰͷɽͣ
Ⱦһϲиæ׷ȥ
δֵһۻֹӱڴ˴ȺʧģҷԸֱɢϸѰټ˿Ҳ©
ǣǴӦ
䣬֮ƺʲô˭ͷ
ʣȾûٶأǰȴƼƺЩ졣
˭ԷȴʵμѾͷôˣ
ϤĳƺһӽжȾǸСӵʱ򣬼磬ﶨλ֮ϣλ콫ϵĳ͡
ֱǰȾЩеĳϲϯŽ˵
塣ˣȾ˼֣Ҳͤġ
֣μҹͤ£ٰǴ÷зǰ˵
ֻû뵽ȾȻܳĵء
Ϊ˳ĵҹΣգѾͷȻȥ˵ҵּλǲͬ㱨š
Ⱦεȵȥ
ҡҡͷɫ콫֪ǰԪ֮ҹСŮӲʧˮҵֹȣżһ
ֹѣӲ
Ůɤ࣬һһ
΢ɲ̾˿ҲиСŮ͵СжӦ
ֻԼǲ˽ǿѺȥҲѰ͵ܳ
£Ƥӵ¿ţʡý֦
콫Լ˼⣬û˵ʲôȻˣǶιȸĩǧҪߡ
Ⱦæǣ
.
Ⱦ콫
ǽƾǧԳҪҵ̸ͤף
һӽУǣʮֻȮȮʱ𣬰Ȯɧζµķ֡
·ԣһƥǡ
ڲݵؼѪ
ЩѪѾɺԣڻ³ְĺɫ·ȥ֪˶١
ЩȺĻãͤġȾҶ롣
ֻǿ񣬼ȥ
ڣȮ±ͣҲ޷ǰֻµײͣͽС
ɫȴ޷յµס
콫ִѿ±ߣȴҲ޷˴жܣҲûпƵµȥ·
һ̧֣ʾɸȥһ̽
Ľæ콫ķԸȡЯĳһϣǣȥ
Ⱦվ±ߣŶԷһ³ûڰ֮С
һƺҲ˵ʧ𽥳
ĩҹֵ֯ܵƺҪһȾû
˫۵ףҲգֱϵ˵Ӷ˶µ˿ڣǴӺԶĵطģͷֵ
µʱСĶȴܿ졣
ת֮䣬βȫվǰ潫»һֻһߵļ϶СļȥͷǷֹӡ
˻һڳ֮˾Ϊѣмͤ˵ֹݾӼ϶ȥҲδء
ǶֵĺӣǺã
ȥŮɤȻ
˵֮ˣȻǶȾȲµһλλ磬㿴Ƿȥ
Եǿԡ
ֻλŮһǽεûԹ࣬µڵµףǸ
һͬ⣺Ѿͷҽ˴ֻ»ͷҪˣôܻΣ֮£
Щߴ࣬ң˭ܽȥȾ
ѵĹŮͫȼգ壬أѰֻ֣ͤ⡭
Ⱦûǰ㳤ƪ۹
΢΢Ŀǲݿܣһһ콫޷ǴʱٻΧѰʵŮ֪Ҫʱա
Ҫģҵͤ
Ҳավ콫˲λӸ
Ī˵λȾҲû뵽콫˵
æӹӣڶԷָ½±³ȥ
׹Ḷ́ȶȾлҪѡ
ȫϵϣϲ²ŵأΨһܹģֻж¼͹ʯڡ
ȾסСƶʱŵײȿգһʯӹȥ
Ⱦһ亹г
ҧסûԼǳ콫ͻᷴڽȥ
ڣʮɸߵ֮£Ⱦ¹Ƽ˵ǵ϶ֻǷ϶֮ģûˡ
ȾһŲӷ϶м˽ȥ
Խ϶µ׿࣬ߵʯµγһɽƵĽȡ
Ӧ׵Ļ谵һ˿ս¹⣬Ⱦżڵ档
æȡеĻһµ˲ʱůĹҲӳʮ֮ǵΡ
Q±ڼ䣬ǻȾһϳͤ
Ⱦҹŵģڴ˿æǰԼͤµףҪ
ȲͷʲôӦȾ첽߹ȥ
ͤڽ׻졣
겢û˿Ӧۣ濿±ϣɫ԰ףһֻڱ֮ĵ
ѾߵǰĶȾ̽ȥƶļ磺ͤ
ָⴥһƬʪ䣬Ⱦ̯ģƼԼʺҺ塣
Ժ˵һģ˷
Ⱦɤſǻͤ۲ۣ


15 
ȾûеȵͤĻӦ
ѻ˯ȥ, ˳ëƺڻӵĹ֮ѻӰ
Ⱦֻ֪ͤѪ, ȴ֪ѪӺζ˿ںδ
Һ΢ϢʾдһϢ
ͤȾСֻһ
һĳţֱͷ֮ϵĽڴιͷɻã
Ůæ۽ǵ飬ͷӦû£ͤҲ, ǿЩ˹
áιҰԵƬ̣
˵꣬ͷʱûӦҰȥˡ
޷ȼ̫ãȾϨ˻, С
ǰһƬڡ
ȾںڰĦ, ͤ֡
ָ޳ɾ, ͷгּµı, Լ߹ǵ¶ȡ
ȾǵãϻغɳϵָͤסĴ, ü, ȴȵġ
ǰĶԱöȾ
˫֣սԷƣͤ䲻䣿
, ͸, ů˾ͺá
֪㲻ϲ, Ҳû취ҪǲϲңǾͿЩѹƿС
֪ͤ޷ĻȾੲݣƺ޲ܽԼĻϢȫɸ
ͤδȫȻԲѡ
ۣǰһƬѪɫǣб꽻սս֮һܣ˵ȥǰ̡
Լȥ֮ǰһ仰ͤţҪúûţֻлȥһղܸ£Һ˳͢ǡҺ߽Ľʿա
ǼٵĻ䵱лɳ죬ĽսϵʬҲʣһչ˼ѡ
ͤƬξУͬϯݣɿݻѰ
һ΢Һ壬ž䵽ֱ֮ϡ
ȵĻþУһˮ¶
ָͤ΢ɲز˲
ȾûвߵӰһһµͤЩѹòãֻҪѹԺҲ㣬㲻ϲңҾͼ޸ȥԺҲ㷳
һһͤС
վķȴЩ޷˵顪λμС㣬ĳһ֪Լľ֮ˣѹ
һ룬ͤȾסĦֻ֣ס֡
Ⱦϲ⣬ۣͤõ˵Բԣ
ͤ㲻Ҫ£ϾͻˣֻҪټһͺá
겻ۣȴǶ˶
ȾԼ壬æչȥ˿һ
泳
ͤɤһĮ赭
Ⱦһʧ䣬ǿ񣺡ãҲӦңһҪȻȵ˵
ͤûлӦ
Ⱦֻˣ˵æˣһҵ֡
겢ûκηӦֱȾΪֻ˯ȥ֮ʣȴоԼָⱻһ᲻ص
ϲ˲ʱ϶ȾͷһԲꡣ
֪˶ãȾӵĽŲԼͷ콫˵ѾͷȳȥֹӴ
ͤԲѣȾҪۿȥŻġ
ܾĻδ˵ڣ³˼ֹˣҪˣܺ˵
ȾףҹѾ콫˲鷳ȥʵȡ֡
ȥǰŮŵͤ㣬һҪȻس
˵仰վ
ͤûɿȾһůģҾ㡣
ɿ֡
.
Ⱦȥ󣬾ڽڴ粽صš
СЩνΪĽµµȥһͤҲһ
ͤվȳͱ˼ϵܣΧķȥ
ֱʱȾ˿Ҳ룬׷ŵȥ˭֪߳ǰһڣ㵹˹ȥ
ŶԾȾۡ
.
δۣĻǰôģһҪС㣬ǧ򲻿κʧ˭֪Ѿͷ˲ãһ˶סиʧʲô⡭
ۣȾҲ֪һѵѩ֦
˶η˵Ļ
ȾҲûӹһ䣬ԹԴۣɶη˵ò˲ſڣҶˣװİࡣ
ѽη̾Ǹ鷳쵽֪¡
ˣη˻ȥˣǰѩ֦С㣬ʲôʧѾͷҪҲգϸô򷢵ȥ
ѩ֦ü˳ۣ˽ѵǡ
.
ηһߣȾæѩ֦֣ˣЩɡ
ѩ֦ûжûпС㣬ū澵Ĵ
ȾֻõҿˣҶ˱ˮ
ѩ֦ò˱ˮȾȣֻæûʵ֪ͤΣ
ѩ֦ҡҡͷūֻ֪ιӱȻһֱҽˣС˵ʮ˿ڣȫǱҧģֻҺû˼ͷ
ȾͷһǼⲻᡣ
ֲͤ϶Ѫҧʮڣж۰
Ⱦȥֻͤ±׶ˣԼҲȥ
ȾˮҲ˲úȣֻƳ̾һ˻ȥ
ѩ֦СеֹӣҲùԼӲǣҹιȥ󣬷˵ĵòС
ҹϵ߾ˣŻιȥ׳ʵúܣԵ˯ţʲôõĵġ
Ⱦݣ˵꣬ͷĴʲٳ
ν˵̫չ󣬶Ⱦʲô޳
ʱ򻹺úõģ˭֪˰գȾԴǴǱ˷纮֢״
Ҳǣµɽջůʣҹ纮¶أֲЩǿ׳ҹ¶ĴˣŹ֡
Ⱦʹڴϣֱֻ۴Ӵȥҽ
С㲻Ǻ壬żз纮ϷһҩԻת
ʹˡη˿
һҪҩȾʱСͲܲҩ𡭡
ҩ֭ںҪȥҪȾܷ纮֮ࡣ
ҽֺǺȰСĪҪ̫ԣ񲻹Ǻҩλֹӣǲ֪˶١
ҹȾΣóȻ֮ͤ£ԳѾˡ
̲סͤȤ
Ⱦ˵
տൽɤ۶ҩ֭ȵʱҲζ˿˿Ƶ
᲻ͤҲںҩأȾճյ롣
ͤͬ


16 
ͤڸʲô, Ⱦ޴ӵ֪
η˸ƵķȾż߳͸͸, ҲѾߴ粽ظš
ֻңңվڸߴɽϣЩһɨȥҲ֪ͤͷûУƺõô
.
㣬պܿȥԭǰļƻձʥݻؾʱ̣˭֪ӳٳûжЩ, ȻҲҶʣֻʵʵš
ȾȵòżϬ˵˷纮֪Ķ׽Сӣ͵
һʮֻӣȾչ˲, ֻæЩͻȥ, ԼСֻš
, СѱȾû, ëѩ׷˿Ҳˡ
ԵĴ̫ҵȾʱС, мѾòֺ
ϳǱԵ, ȾæЦվ
ʥϸǰĺ, ЩŮʱ, ū澴μСһ, Сū
Ⱦ֪ʥΪʲôͻȻ
Լڳְֲվʥ˵Ļᶼ٣ͻȻôʲô¡
ȾȴòװƽģͷԵȣ
ѾߵͷΪԼȹȾȥҵס
ԸŴѩ֦̫˳ȥ
.
ʥϵ񲢲Զ۵һ񣬴̫ཫΪƿС㣬ɡ
ڸԵѩֻ֦Ӫͷš
ͷضʥȾ˵Ǽٵġ
ŲȺнߵ̺ͷϹϾй֮ͷۻ񡣡
Ⱦ̧ͷ֪ټŮΪ£
ûֱӶڣʾԵĴ̫ࣺСȥһۡ
ǡ̫ൽʥϸǰǱϥūģŶȾڣС㣬ū
ȾڵһͷȥȴƼһӰ
ͤȻҲ
ϣɫֻ¶Ų
Ⱦˣĳ˵Щʲô㱻̫档
ͷһܣͷŰײײ֮ӰӰ´˵Ӱӡ
ڵĿУƺʲôõϢ
Ůϲ۵ЦʱɲԼ³ʲôվԭزǰ
ֵ̫ιЩһƵ塣
ȾֻӲͷƤǰֻ̫һƿײʱ֪ĶɳĲӬ죬Ⱦײ
õһС벽
ɵǲ֪жõĺˣ沿ףҲ״ȥεĹ
ȾʶҪŻһ֮ǵʥϣ˫סŻѹȥ
ιɿˣ̫
ˡȾͷֻЩ뿪ط
˭֪Ǵ̫ȴģιǧҪϸЩһҪػġ
ȾֻŶģֶ࿴˼ۡ
̫Ŵȥ
һţȾͤ˼ûУججվǰֻʥϵǴƶ˴ιˣʲôط
Ⱦһ㶡
ʱһˣȾر£Ůǰֳ֮ʱ׷ɱǺ˵Ŵ磬ͷ˲ࡣ
Ŷǵģأ
ȾʵҡҡͷʱǺ˺ڲ棬Ů
Ⱦʹͷûпλ֮ϣеĳ˼ʲôȻˣ֮£һһʮȫ˵
ȾţԼα׷ɱֱͤµ£һһʮ
ĩˣȾѵø飬µʲô
ͻȻͤڣĪ˵ʲô½ŽɣԼ֤
һ룬Ⱦֲ˾䣺ǻɣŮմˤϺ϶вˣҽ֤
ƺһĳš
ֱʥŭ󵨻֤ȫ㻹ʲôƱģ
˻һȾע⵽ԭ֮͹ڵϣǱ˾Ȼǻ
ɻܳĹҲĸܳ裬ǾŻû֮ǰŸڹ컯֮µϷȾ㲻
ȶȾѾͬɸ㣬סؿͷģʥʥȫС
ȶȾعѾһһʮؽıȫг
ԭЩˣǻɳȥɱ߻ӵġ
ùȻͼɱӣһ㣬öȾ𾪣˭̨֪֮ϵʥһ
ֻǴɱ߻𣿻߻ӵһֻ̫ҲδҪİɣ
̧ͷдãȻΪҪɱ̫ӣ£ɱ̫ӿɱͷĴ
ɱ̫ɱͷĴѵɱ߻ӾͲǣҶ֣ŵ֤ʽŽɣ¶μҹһ֮ˣĪҲα֤
ʵվˣѺȥؾΡ
շ޵ĹʶΪȥҪӽѹѳ
£Ҫɱ߻ӣһһ˵ãˤ복ֵ£߻Ӷֽţ£һҪΪǵĺ
ϧʵ۲֣̾˿˵ĻȴǿӲѺȥ
첻Ӧеصز飬ŤͷĿݺݵسȾȾΪΪŰ㲻ú
ͤüͷ΢꿪ڣ콫˴ȥʡþ˱¡
İ֮Զȥ
ȾȴûǶ񶾵Թ˳
ԭأð췽׷ʲôԭ̫̣ǻɳĺ˸Ĺͤ߻Ϊסֻ̫ӵˡ
ιι
̫˼лѣȾγѣ֪к£
ū澷ʥϵȥ
Ⱦŷе˶ɢȥͤҲѲӰ
عͷסе䣺͹ˡ
.
Ⱦ̫߳ȴۼƼһӰ
ԭδ壬ͤĲӣľƵΡ
û޳˫Լľ֣ڲݵؼǰǰеú
ֹӣȾҲ룬׷˹ȥ
ͤһ٣ȴûͣ
ϧȾܵ÷ɿ죬׷˹
Ůճ߱ϼ糺죺ֹӣôѹ̫ˡ
ͤϵ˵
ڿʱж¶ϧֹеֲģҽҽΣ˫ȶ
ΨȾڰ׷ͫʵУд˸߲ңʲôֻƼԼĺá
׼ȷ˵ǶȾһУԺǸͤĺá
Լ¹뷨ʲô
ʶһ㣬ͤ۽ޣס£
ɤǾǧ֮䡣
Ⱦϰߣȴһ£λ̫໹ڵţ໰Ҫ˵ȴֻæȡһֽõ۽ֹӣÿնҪҩ۽ڣҩ㲻̫࣬Щš
ȾÿÿȾ纮ҩʱ򣬶뵽ͤ
˵ǰأȵҩֻࡣ
ֻҪţȾϰߴһ۽ֻҪ۽ֱգлꡣ
ͤʶ˿ȴǰŮ
лµҪ˿ȴֵ
ͤδȥֻǵι²ϲ𡣡
գȾˣͤľϣɫ԰ףЩȥɱ
Ⱦܲˣ֪һץס֣ͤ۽ϣ͸ֹӣϲ˱ǡ
׶һǳɣȾæתҲˡ
Ϧ£Ůȹɣӹݵϲ֪Сë׵ĹβͲݣҡ졣
ͤջĿ⣬еǰ۽
أͷÿһ۽˳飬ͤǸýģǰȴ̤ЩС߹
ŻģȾ߳ƣס
ͤʶסǰ۽޵ĳŪηӦҴˣСող뿪
ԭȷģڲˡηɫƽֹӣЩ̸̸
.
ȾЩѾæΧС㣬û°ɣ
ʲô¡ȾãڳԲݵãڻи
˵һʼȷŵòᣬܼͤǿн۽͵ȣЩ㲻ʲô
Ϊϵɽ»𺣡ˣҲطĶġ
ȾһãµȻҲ˿ЩСѻЩ˶ŲҴ˵
ͷнôҿЩʰʱ󣬱µĳӾҪˡ
ȾȻʲôòϣСӣͷѾææȵ˯˹ȥ
ٴʱѾǰУȾۣƼﻹһˡ
סŮɤ𤣬ʶҪȥ
ȴη˲䲻ȣȡһ
Ⱦδʲô׿ڣ۽ֹһġ
ηɫ򶨣˵ĻȴжȾĶҪˣתһ䣬ҪպĪҪٴ
Ⱦһ㶣ֽӹ
۽У˺üգǵһ¶Ⱦܵͤһš
ŮУʱ͸ãȻͳȥĶôܻ
ãȻί
ηУֽŮ뻳Ȱ⣬һ䣬ֹӲˣҲ㡭
ηȰʱ򣬶Ⱦֻ߷磬Ҷ
غͬ
µ׵ʱͤסֻ֣Ǳ֮ʶȣõ֪˭ȴԸ֡
ЩʱգȾܻʱʱµ֮£˶ݶܵĽӴ
Ⱦʮ꣬ӲԹʲôͷ
ΨͤŸƹۣŮ򵽺ΪĿɬ
ٶĿֻ࣬ҪͤһӦܱȾͷԻζá
¿ҩһ۽ζɢȥ󣬾ֻʣ˿˿Ƶ
һͤҲԸ¡
η˰οó᣺ⲻޣ⾩жǣͤ˭ϲǼأ÷λ˵Ÿ߰˶֥ⲻȢ
ȾףȰӦͷǱĻ¡
Ⱦû˵ãҲû˵ãֻƵףˡ
ηļ磺Ȼҵȥ˯һ
뿪ǰη˲ȾϨĵơ
Ⱦһ˻ɽ·죬﷢š
Ⱦ˯ţΣڰǰ۽򿪡
Ⱦޱ飬һ۽
ţǵڶţšֱ۽Ҫ£Ⱦͣѵؾ׽
Ǵ˿ŵƣ϶ճһͬչĹģõӰӡ
ںڰУȾֻһֻ͵Ե󣬽۽ȫȥ
ͤԣһ˳Թ⡣
Բ𣬿
.
У͵ӳճ꾫̵ĲӰ
ͤ治ɫϵҩ룬÷ɬҩ֭һ
о͵һӳͫʵУ룬ŵڣ²ô˿ġ
ؾ֮Ҫ͵ܣֻ¸ס߻ӲΪȻ
ģҶ˽Ϊ˾̫ˣǰ϶ѵܣǰһϴֻպ֮ͥ£ҾߵýЩҲ˸˵ʲô
ͤδӦĻֻѵ£ǽˣͷȫˡ
߻֪ͤĵϸֻ£˿ȴΪȻ͵ܺαСģͷʲôµġ
˵ͤز¶ֻССһ֣ʶԽã߻ӱ֪еĵƶþˡ
ҺѡԼ߻ԼôĶ֪
ջغ˼룬߻һҪ£ˣȡ
·ġͤȨ֮ƶѣֻˣ̫ӵ¸ҶĹ
˼֮ˣ߻ףΪճЩԹ٣ẬɳӰǾҷ
ֶͤԼµֵԱȣ߻ӲóԼȷǡ
ˣ˵Щʲô˷һˡ
߻ӵ֮ļƻֻ¾ԼˣҲֻܵõͤһ䣺պаţԻ֪¡
ͤڣ߻ʵҲֻûһ˵ջǶμλ֤Ǹı㣬Ҳδػᵱš
ԭ赭УĪ
ͤͷһŻǸʱӦŵòᡣ
㣬ȴԲ׷ݳǰ֪׼˶õ۽ϧ
ʶԼʲôͤջʲô˵ȴĪ븹ҩ֭ͻȻں䷢ࡣ


17 
ʱ, ƺһҹ֮ͳ̣ʱ, ҶȴһݻأҶӹ˰Ҳꡣ
Ѿÿնɨһѿ֦ҶǽûȼٷŽȥӴ̿ʰ
죬һըͷǲңʳָĴָһѹܳİʵ
Ⱦ£ŮҺгȹ, ȹڴ壬СͬȾ׺ƣÿһϣξԵӳˬĳհơ
ʱ򣬶Ⱦʱ²شչȥЩСѾһ𿾰ԡ
ȴʧ, Ůֻ˫, Ŀ, ƺ͸ЩСѾ, ӳ˵Ӱӡ
С㡣ѩ֦һλźɫϸ˴ȹսǴ߹ǲ̵֡
ʵòѩ֦˵ȾҲϵóʱ, ȾԵȥһ, ѡгĵĳ»ǲϡ
ֶŶȾһЦвʧֺãϸǷ֮, Ϊӵġ
СŮҳÿ, ÿ괺, ׯǻΪȾ£õȹΪ
յȴⲻͬ
Ⱦ΢΢üͷ
µĴʦΪȾͷǱϹ֣ϣ䲻
а£ǷƸ׵ӣ׶ڴ֮ǰΪƳϵĻԵӡ
Ȼǧ⣬Ⱦվû˵ʲôվ߽ݡ

Űʱ䣬Сֳ˿һ磬ǳ֦ĻǶһһģֻȰǰЩ

ٰǵŮٽΪĻȾӦǻϲġ
ȴ˲´ղڣΪ㲡
˵ͤӣȾȴΪ٣ɵͷֻ顣
.
̵ǽϣʮգ׵ŵȹ۾͵θ
ѩ֦ͼѾǷɵ̾ȹӹȻСúܣǻϵӰ㡣
ԣȾ̧ۣһ˸ߵĺľпȥ
ȷǺÿģֻǶȾû˼ƣֻǵѴʣòٷģɡ
ȹ³Уɼ֮գؼգ˶Ⱦϡ
죬˵ʽףɼĺӣظϲææװƸľõ̧ȥ
Ҵ˾ǣվڴſڣչһõԼ񷶼֮ӷǱͬμСŮȾԵᣬƸǧʮϺʮƽյװ˶ԡ
ȾŶη˵֣ĴǱǰ
ն˽ź£ȥһԵǶԵˡ
ιǱ΢һףʾԵС˽ʢ쳤ϲȥ
ЩϲзͳŮַѡ
Ⱦֻۣʾѩ֦ȥӣ˭֪δӹȴͷһɤʥּ
Ī˵ǶȾñͣμҵССϵʥּͻȻæձִСվá
˭֪λּ̫ƳһվںͷĶȾѼɤڵﵽǰͷּ
ʥкּҪ¸
ȾȻǧɻ󣬴ʱҲʳæعǰͷ
̫ǿһϲĴãſڣˣʵگԻμСȾԴϻмѣشͻ½ͤմˡ
أ̫ɫؿڵϵĶȾιǴϲĺ£ּ
⡭һ⡣
ȾˣֻŽɵؿ˿ףֿ۵
ֻδǰͿʵĪŪˣСŮɼӣʥ˼ҡ
δĪҪ˵Цʥϴ͵ּŪĵ


18 
ƬǰϲĴõ, ʱѻȸ
μһǰҳǲŶȾ뷶Ǳ, ⽫һǲɣ˵ȥΡ
οСŮҵĻ£ܴ˼ҶС
ʱͻȻһͻʥּʥϲ֪飬һӱġ
ɾǴͻ飬ҲȾ֮ͤ£²õ
δ˳ˣ빫汾һ衣
ǳس, ȻǻʵԵĴ̫࣬Ҳ棬һ𳯲ԶĿȥ
´һˣϲҲǣ̾Ҳ, ԾĲ
ǶȾʥּ, , ȴԷǱιĪҪ, ȻʥֻּҪ㲻ּλӣܸзʥջ׮ּ⡣
, ͤ, ôܲޡ
ͷһðȾǺ޲ܸԼһơͤбû, Լֺαȡ衣
, Ǽ޵Һ, ԵӣĿɲֻǶμҵ
ΨЩͤøɸɾӴ֮Ź··¡
Ů¶˾ģûж˵ʲôֻͷ
һ詺ͺؽͳš
ֱԶδ˲ŻعͷŶη˵ʥּ̫ӵͤģҲһƬġ
η̾һϧⷬվһ뷶ӵĻǰ϶֮£׷ڡ
.
ʱʱĵѭ齣鷿ۡ
˭֪£̫£̫ʦ
ĵһͷʱ¡̫ʦˣ̫֮ʱΪҵ̫
̫ʦΪϿĵȻǾ֮Ҳɵ״ܽķӡ
ŷ̫ʦҪʵжʱֹڳϣ̫ʦ棬ȴ㲻ʲô¡
˺ö˶˵ܲܽڲĵֻõ̫ʦ
ܿ죬̫ŷ̫ʦ߽鷿ڡ
ֻ̫ʦͷɴñɫ׷ͯյ˼ۣȹǰһ򣺡ݣջشͻʥּ

Ⱦջϵɴȹһȹ⴫ѾͨС㣬ǰһˡ
Ǳ뿪ǰδ߲񣬲ƻᾡ취ջسö룬ȾҲ֪׻йء
˲ѩ֦ȡ·Σ
ҴߵηѶλ֮ϣŶȾһȻڵϢ´
ȾʲôȴԼȻȥ
ֻᲽϣηһ
ᵱУŮʶָ˿ԥſڣǲҵĻ¡
Ȼ£ȻʲôηģǱ˵뷶ɾãѶ»£ɼסˣ
ȾҧͷŮסˡ
㵱סˡη˫ۣĿƵϷ
ȾĪ飬ֱӣֻ
η˲֪뵽ЩʲôջĿ⣬û˵ʲô
.
ڹǰͣȾѩ֦Ĳ£ӳԯϻ
ֻ紫ʥּλ̫࣬ѺڹŴŶˣ񣺡ū澼ηˣС㡣
ηףĿбӣֻŶȾǰȥ͹·
˭֪ӦȴڵʥֻСη
ηԭĽŲ˻
̧ۿȾҲ״˿̵ֻ²á
Լ˼⣬æڵײ͵ڴ˴Ůʥϣ̾ͻء
ηף汯ϲȥɡ
ŶȾԣ߳벽ֺؿڣĪҪˣΪĻ
ǰͷŮŲ٣ûתֻ˵ͷŮ֪ˡ
.
ǽߵĻʹ֮УȾİǰ̫Ӻ̫ĸеĴֻ಻١
Ҳ̫ӵº̫δԼͤȻʥ϶ˡ
ϧŮͷ΢ŵ̾һ
ͤվֻԵ޷ݣΨһһ˿Ե֣Ԫҹľֻ֮ҲͬЩˮƯյյӵư㣬ˮףϺʳһɶ
Žÿһϵש񣬶ȾԴ̫ĵӴүãū澼ӡ
ȾŲһû̧ͷȴ֪˭
Գйʥϰּνͤ˽֮⣬ձݶĽţҲ»صָ
˵֮λӦֳͤвŶԣֻжжȾ֪Եɡ
̧ۿȥ壬ڷβɫ۹ճȴֲʧǵΣӦʱݹѵҲһӡ
ȾҴһƳɿشۣɫб䡣
ԭչأǽӣȾĸ˵ǳд󳼣ԼΪŮȴûκηţӦԵ㣬ǡ
ɶȾ㱼⣬ͤƺҲģɫᲽǰȥ
ȾŷͤȻҲǳͬһȥ
Īǡʱ뵽ʲôûס첽׷ȥֹӡҲյ˱µĴͻʥּ
ͤͣ½Ųͷ䣺Сα֪ʣ֮£󣿡
ͤüͷ΢ЦЦĳ䣬֮Ⲣûпڡ
Ⱦһ㶡
ԭͤСԼˣ·ǰԳ֮ʱ¸ȥƬ̵Ĵ
ȶȾ˵ʲôȻת󲽳ǰȥ
ι߰ɣ»鷿ء
.
鷿У̴ֽ沩ɽ¯иʮı¾ǿ׳
Ⱦ鰸֮ԶƵשϣϣ̧ͷҲҳ
ԣǼʱǰŲ̫ξɼķǱ
ұߣͤ
ȾĿбӣֻͷ²ŭ׮ͻʥּƺòʱ򡣡
ԵķǱʥһʱҲ⣬ȫֻ뷶С»ԼȢֻջس
𣿡ǱһнڣĵȴûֱӦĿ䵽ͤϣ飬أҲùʥּף
֪𰸣ȾĿĪԾȫĵľһֻݲȣƾʥ
ϵеĻؾȴģɵĴ𰸡
ȾȴûаֻϲͤϲһҲΪ˵ˣ뷶ǱͶס
һ˵Ȣһ˵ƾȾ˼Ȼĵ۴ϣһתС㣬˵˵Ը޸ͤǷǱ
Ⱦ˲νڣ͵̧ͷʥ飬֪˵Ц
ŮȾ˶١
ɲǣԺȴһĶǱ˵뷶ɾãѶ»¡
һͤĵ䣺Сα֪ʣ֮£󣿡
ָģȶȾӦʱﻰѿڶŮУΨͤһˡ
أȾʶԼ˵Щʲô
Ǻ֣ȻûаֺڵζǾöؿڴһϲ²ȥˬࡣ
Ⱦм˿ɵĿ⡪ȻͤΪһУʥĴͻʥּԼʵкβɣ
ǣ֪߳ܣ޳ܣʲôŮҵڣʲôμҵ棬˲ϣֻ޸ͤ
Ůһٴظ£ԪѽʱСŮһ𣬳Ůб϶ݲˡ
֪ΪΣԭӦͤⷬȴͷƹԷΪ
ν֮ڶС¾ѳ壬²ԸСκξջس


19 
ͤܵ˵, Ⱦûа⣬ֻɫԾɲܿƵذ˼֡
¡ԷǱҪ˵ʲô, 鷿ȴ˵֪ʿɵÿգ
ʥڶ࣬ƾȾߺˣֻʵʱʲô
ظʵĻǰոյһֻǸϲͼ׸ʹĦ֪òʱ򡣡
ĵ۲ÿɷ񣺡Ȼ, ʲôա
أ߻Ӳ鷿УС̫æֻǰչʥϸϸ͡
ӹ, ߻Ŀ޵ɨ鰸ǰ, ״⿪ڵ֪Ӻͷ, λμС㷸ʲô, ֵøʴµؽ鷿
ĵ۶Լλӣģ޴־, ֻѰ, һ
Ѱ˼ңĶȻٲùź, ɵ˹, ߻ӽĵΪġ
ԶϿмӵĵ, ߻ǰмִȸӣʾС̫𻭾ֻصϣ
ɣѵõһԧף˭֪ԭѶµĻ£Сޣѡеֹȴͬ׮ͻ飬Ӷ࣬˵˵Ǻã
߻ӵȵľ仰
˵ͤ©ʥģֻμҽףζܹõ̫ξͤԼԶаһ߻״׮£
ʥϽ빬У߻ӵѰ˸
װģ˼Ƭֱ̣ĵ۴ߴ֮ʱ̽ѱõĸ˵ڣи֪ɷķӡ
ʲôӣ㾡˵ǡĵû̧ۡ
ţ¡µĸɮǴʦƲŮԵܿٱ£ȻλңֺǴʦΪǲһԵ߼ΪԵԵ
ŶĵüʱҲ£ۿ鰸ǰˣ֪λΣ
Ⱦǧͬ⡪£ΪŵҾͰˣΪλҪ᣿
ƫƫ֮ǻӣȻ֮ǵʥϣȻǧ仰˵Ҳֻȥü˳۵ƾʥ
Ǳû顪ɼ֮ǰѺϹ֣ˮϵغϣΪ¼ٰ䲻
ǺǸɮˣҲ
ΨͤʼĬ
ڶȾԣһ𺮱ɢ˿˿⡣
ֱĵĿ䵽ϡ
˫Ŀ棬ŲŭѹȣΪβԣĪǶԹµĴּ治úܣ
ϵöȾһ鲻Խͷ­ø͡
ͷʥϻͰس飬תۼͻĳƺ
ǰ黢Ȼͤĸ뵱ʺã˵ʥ̷ȴɲֳȰ
ȾΪͤǣȴǲ½ԣ顣
𣿡
ĵۿڰǰϰֱꡣ
û˵ʲôԵĴ̫ࣺ¡
ūڡ
޵ĿͣǲǴʦһˣ˵Ҫ¡
ȻӦ£߻һŶһ£ǰЩʱյ¡ʱеСɳ˵ǴʦڱչأҪĩŻأֻһʱⲻ
кηĵû̧ۣˣֽīλ¡£Ǵʦأ
˵գĵƺڵϵˣдȥٵȹµּ⡣
Ϻõıīֽʵǰ
ǱվִǺʥϷġ
˵ţˮؽдֽϡ
㣬ȾûгɣдԼİ֡
ֱͤ˱ʡ
֪ʥϾǰȾûס͵͵ԵƳȥ
ͤøߣȴҪѰӱ֣ȾУһζ
ѰǴ֦ҶĴ統ֱͤͤҪ۵öࡣ
ϧƺͬӰ㣬ûĵġ
ǣӲֳ䵽Լϡ
ֻһǿоͤѽᵽ˹
һ룬Ⱦɫ˼֣ԼδǱʥϣ߳鷿Ķǲãֻͷǰߡ
ֱһ˿Ʈ䵽֮ϣŷӦʳǵһСꡣ
ʱǱɤòŸҴɡɡȥ
ȾγѣعͷƼ֮ķǱ
ԵСȻɡɡѵݵǰﵱ
ȾûнɡֻŷǱӣ㡭㲻ң
Ǳ΢΢һЦ˵Ǿ֮磺ʲô
Ĳ׶Ⱦ˵Щʲô
ɶȾȴ޷ƭԼ
뷶Ǳ˵õĻ£ٵͷԼȴͻȻ꣬ѰӣֻҪҽ̳˸ԶŵŮŶԡ
ˡеڹףԼָ
ͤʱ򣬶Ⱦʲô룬꣬侲ӣҡ
δ䣬ȾƼԷǱɫӹսǴ˳
һʱԼҪ˵ЩʲôֻڶæջĿ⣬æӹСϵֽɡࡢлӵɡ
˵գȾҲȲǱҪ˵ʲôæҴת첽ŵķȥ
.
ͣʱѾƿ׹Ȼͷ뿪
ΣȾĶԭڱĿĶηۣ¶˵Щʲô
ȾӬǰдֽϣʱ򽻸¡µĴʦԵ
η˽Ů̬۵ףʱȻģ㵱ҽĻ˵ˣ
ݵĳɹ󣬶Ⱦ˵ͷ
ҡҡͷŮš
ˡη˴Ļǰδе£Ϸƽ̫ݣŽΥ¶ó
ԭΪʮҲöЩǺӰ㲻£
ȾǱģͷĻǹֻѵ¡
סðһԼŮֻ롭ܹ޸ϲˣѵҲд
λֹͶϣû飬ֻп֣η˺ɸֵĿǣⰡ⣬ٰǹŮҲһݣ㲻򡭡
ηʣµĻû˵꣬ǰŮѴŴŵʳҲ˲־ȥ
Լϵһ⣬ηﻹ˵ȥ
ֻ̾˿Լ̫ѨųԸͷĳ򣺡ͣȻظȥ
ڹǰ˸佥нԶNNʯϣˮˮ
ʼգϵ˶֮⣬Ⱥ߳ͤ߻ӡ
ֻ߻ҡҡͷȤͤ٩μλ˲ɫֻ½͵ȢŮҪǧĲǡ
ͤ治ɫɫĮ˵Цˣ²Ź֣̫ξС㡣
˵ţתȥ⿪ͣڹ˩׮ϵǲڶ˵ĶԻ
Ҫߣ߻ӼˣҲ˲ñӣæǰֻжǴʦԵСɳ֣ǹµˣ͹ȥ֣аǰ䡣
¡ͤƺû˵ʲô국²ȢС㡣
߻˵ͤߵˣζ
Һܶʱ򣬶߻ͤ⡣
ʱûˣȰȥֻЦſڣ͵ܣȢȢȫһ֮
ͤǣסĶһͣ⵭Į޿ܡ
˵գ߻ǺηӦͤѷһ͵ġݡ֮Ȼﳤȥ
ͽ߻ԭرĳۣĿͷҲ뿪ıӰ߻˼ǡֽˣ


20 
, ȾԼڶθûг
μǿѧһңȻҲһķѧҵ, ʶڸвгǧᣬеӷѧϽߣԿ鷿н鼮
ȾȴΪѧϽ
ȴֱһ޷ǳ֮ҪЩõĹżҪġ
ûз֧ʹѩ֦ʡ
Ůȹ, ̴ľ֮ϣŽȥߴ顣
þʧ޵ĵҡҡλΣľͷ֨ѽ죬ѩ֦һԿľսС㣬㵽ʲô
ѩ֦ʶ, Ⱦû, ֻúǺҪĶ
, ִȡһ顣
ȾһϲġԨƽ, Ҫ֮顣
ҵˣȾ˵ú˭֪Ҳʱ򣬽µ̴ľӦѿ, ͷĶȾ⧲ˤڵء
һˤνˤò, ſڵϵðû
С, Сû°ɣѩ֦ͬȹϵϼת, Сȵ, ūȥ̫ҽ
ãȾæץסֻ֣ˤЩʹˣѩ֦ȷһط
ѩ֦ŽɣȾǰߣԷЩ
صѩ֦æöȾѣŷϥǶײˣæȡҩΪá
˿ڴƤҩˮȥ۵졣
Ⱦȴ˲ô࣬ʼûֵǱ֮顣
ǰϬжӶͤôֶ˵ãǲ֪ĶֶͤŪ֡
û뵽˿̾ó
ǰʥϵ˼ͤϣǲǾζԼԼ޸
ȾͷظԼɵ֧̫꼪ףͬ㣬ͷ
ҺЩϵõģֻҪٶ࿴ܿס
ֱĺȾһ̤޷š
ѩ֦ΪţֵϵƣС㣬ȳЩѧɡ
֪СΪù飬ѩֻ֦Ѿߵı֣ڵļ˿ɰҨ˵ǰ
ֱʱѩ֦ŷ鰸ԵСɫԾ
ü鶯Ů˿˪ӣԣȾǼۿ죬Ȼģȴʼûе
ѩ֦æ룬ʵСôˣĪ˿ڻۣ
Ⱦҡҡͷмֲģѩ֦˵᲻ϸûʲôɣЩνļǼٵģ
ѩ֦⻰ŵòᣬҲ˲æס죺СĪҪ˵
ūֲʶһȴҲ˵˵⻰ϵȥﵽͷô죿
ǡһӴ쵱ڣձȼĺ׵˷𣬼Ȳ㱻紵
ȾŵõԲۣԹԵ˵ͷҲ˵ˡ
ֱֽߵ齻ѩ֦Ȿ飬һȥɡ
ѩ֦ӹСѧô֣żʱͿˡ
Ⱦֹֻ̾˿š
.
գȾǱѩ֦ѵģЩѣǴʦˣǰ¡һˡ
䲻ǴʦķţȾ
֪뵽ʲôϵڼһ㵭ȥ²ߵģ֪ˡ
ѩ֦ԼôտСһֱ֣˲ö룬źŶȾϴΪѩɫȹڷ˫١
Ժ徲֮أѩ֦ûΪױеŮȴɼƣĶˡ
ѩ֦̲ס̾ϢԼΪŮӣƼС˶Ҷܱɫ򶯣Ҳ֪λΪܹһٶؾܾС㡣
Ⱦ֪룬ֻɽҩӣʹҴǰ¡µ
.
ĺʱڣɽ¼亮΢չ⹴ճҶ֧Ҷ¶Ⱦ̧ͷƼһֻ\޽꾲ĵشҶƬ
ʩСɳֵֻӣΣԽȥˡ
СɳֿеķɣȻָǴʦ
ŮعͷͿصлСʦѡ
Ƕ˳ݵļӣȾǴʦ޷ʥϵּйء
ĪǴʦҲͤ壬Ǵ֮࣬οһ
߰ţȾõУǴʦģ֮ϣƺ붨
ԥǷҪʦһȴؿڣʩȻˣβ
̻Ի͵ķǰͷֻйݵţȾֻùȥĿ֮ߵķĪƽ˼֣֪ʦкδͽ̣
̸ϴͽ̡ǻеĲ겦죬Ĳʶʩһʡ
Ⱦڳϴ̬ԭΪɮʵĶʲôɲı˭֪ʵľǣ֪ʩιӥĹ£
з𣬷ĦΪȱӥ׷ĸӣԼȡĹ£СãȾλ᲻֪
䲻֪ǷʦΪηʣԭԭؽ
ǷʦƬ̺󿪿ڣʩǷ棬ֻ
Ⱦʱ˫ֺʮСŮˣᲢۣ
ʦûзĻֻǵ˽֪ĦιӥԻҲ˭ⲻ֪ӥǶʮеֻΪ̽ĦᵱԴȱΪ
Ⱦ棬ȴɻ󡪡Щʣкθɣ
˿̣ǷʦۿʩҪιӥã
Ⱦڸоղ̫ԡ
ΪκǷʦҪִ⣬ķ㣿
ҡ⣬ԥ˼
ƽﱻǻţһƤҪظ¼תιӥ£Ⱦ붼дܡ
û´ʦǰ̰᲻᲻̫á
ȾԺз·ѳС˶һںµһȴĪߥڼ¡
õţȶȾϻĵ񻨸ű졣
ơ
һ֮⣬ɤͬɽ¼֮ʲ죺֪ʦҪǰΪ£
ȾȻϲͤ
ʶֱͦ˳Ůеģ
ʩɷƬ̣Ƿʦ»Щ˵ꡣ
һţͤƺףɤʱ¸ûŵֵֻµ鲻á
ݵĳĬ󣬺ǴʦڣȻˣʩȽա
䣬űӦƿչ¶Եչ֮к
̧ͷȥϳķ⣬ͤһƬӰС
θչӰɵֹڵסϵĶȾ
ʵĽӴȾ̲סӿ˼̧֣ͷȥ
ջԹճΡ
ͤģǼõģٰͬЩӣʱʱ̿ŪҲƽīͣҪչʾԼķΡ
վһˮīοڵȴʯǶȻȻ⣬˲µ˼
ȾʧȴԺǴʦڣͽնʩǰһˣ£Թˡ
Ⱦ֪ȤɵվԲ͵ͤ
ʦȻԻҲ˭ԶȱӦѣιӥŶԡ
Ⱦ⻰Ȼֹ˵Ǵʦ
ֻһͤ˼Ե޷֣Ҫ֪ԼĺãõǴʦĸɮͬ۷ʡ
ѡҪʧ


21 
֮߳, Ⱦûֱ뿪
ѵóһˣֻǾʹ˻ȥ, Ҫڸвš
ҡڴ˴ͣƬ̣ٿͤһۡ
֪޿ܣȾԱһ˿ڼѰ˸ڣ¡յǺÿȻˣȥơ
¡ǿԺߣ߽һºǽѩ֦β²˼ȴֻСضСЩ, ĵϻ
Ⱦͷȹǰȥ
һǽ֮ķԺУƵҶڷԣƮڵש֮ϣѻɳаҶ, ȥĪİ, 沽޾ļ־硣
Ⱦԭ˸Ľ, Ƽ˾, پĿ˲١
̧֣һƬӲСӰҶ֦ͷƮŮ۰ġ
Ҷͬչ⻯İ, ɷǺÿ
ЩҶӼȥ, 㣬ġڻ, Ȼһζ
Ⱦʱ£ǿ, ɻкÿҶ
˵, ͬСӷʲôϡ㣬ʰһƬһƬ
ѩ֦СѾ߼㣬ȻҲǸŶȥСƬ
һƬҲÿǽȾȥġ
СߴߴѰÿƬҶӣ⶯ڷµв֣֦ͬͷȸౣгɽµԶ
ѡļƬҶӣȾվ£ˣ
Ҳ֪ͤϱߵķûУ
˲첽żҪ͵͵ͤǷڣȴ֮ƼһӰ߽ǰ¡
ӣѿڶȾʱ³Ǳ»¡£ҲͺǴʦѲϵ
ιȣǱҪݵö࣬ķ򻺲߹ǺǴʦҲ
š
ͷ
ֹԼͤˣټϺǴʦպùһˡ
Ⱦޱ߼ʵغ˼ţߵǰķǱȻ̧֣֮ȡʲô
һƬݻƵҶ֪ʱͷϡ
Ⱦ΢΢ҺȽзǱƼˣǲˣɾͶˡ
ιǸոȥӣǱ̸
ȾҪشȴĪһĿ䵽ϡ
ͷƼǰΡ
ֻźͷǱ˵Ҳ֪ͤǺʱġ
ĿԣͤջĿ⣬ĬȻᲽǰȥ
ֻҪ߳ɽţⲻҪԣǱͬƼЦºͣԭҲڡ
ͤŲ΢΢һͣ
Ŀⲻ䵽Ǳɰ̧ϣָ䣬ǴӶȾȡƬҶ
ͤʲôû˵ۣûκηӦ뷶Ǳ
ͤ˾٣νȫȻûнǱС
ӲضġȾԥţҪΪ⼸ֹ֣㲻˵ӡ
ιˡǱЦŵĳǰС֮ˣ
˵߲ͣδԶͤС
ͤ΢΢üԺиַԼƼһĻֹݣȡŮҶ
˰ýЩƺӰӶһ
ɲŮòͯŮ
Ⱦ뷶Ǳվһʱ򣬵ȷĳޡ
ͷһðͤʱѹȥ˰θɣ
߳ɽţСæӭӿæˣūǣ
šͤӦСȥǣ
վԭûжɽŵķλٰܽǸۣ۴αȵϴСˣ֮ĿһƬ͵
ɽ䶸ȻһƳյһֻӥ֮䣬ȥڡ
ֻһˮһˣٰع֮أĹС̬óյӥ
ֻ¾ӥҲǻʳӵܻ
Сǣƥͤݡ
ɽ·NN죬̴ּ¶ĺȾԷ䣬ͤͷҲسǰȥ
һ·ԣͷ֮вɽ·ɽ
Ǯ˼ҴУ·вѰջɽ϶УǴ飬ŮϷ꣬Ҳһˡ
ͤƼصĸһιСձȥǲ
ڵĳ棬һ·಻ʤ
ͤԺУʱ˵ػ֮ڣԼǷʦĶԻ
ʩľЩ͸
֪ʦǺ⣿
νʳѿ״󼪣ɣʳʳܻѻѹ
ǳʦԣʦ˵Щ̹ͤȻȫȻûнν״֮Էϡ
ʩμ䣬˵
ͤɫԳ
Ǹ޵Цͷ䡣
ʩĪҪļǴʦŵνˣˮб֣񣬽ȡһ֮䡣
ָͤȴûκηӦ
ĪʵشʦֹҺ
ȻǴʦʩ뷶λϣ˽ΪޣǸ»˫ȫԵ
ͤߵǳЦûȥȻˣֺαػ˵ĴԵ
Ȼվͷɹģйһ
˵գͷҲصشӷ뿪
.
ԺгҶ֣ǽöŮƬҶӿɺÿ
֪ΪΣͤзԼȴѭתͷȥ
ɢͤȾȹҡҷͷ֮ˡ
ǷǱ
֪ԼӦٶ࿴ͤȴû߿
Ƽ궯ؽƬҶӽӹһº͵ĿǣҵģȻǺÿ
ȾЦˡ
ͤվԭأȴ޶ãڣֻʣһ˫ˡ
δйĸܣһܵʮа.ξһȴ̲ס룬պɻ飬ɵ޼䡣
ͤδ³ȴԶСӻɤף
ССӰȾɱȥȱߡ
ͤƼȾȡǵСӲֵȥˣŪ߰㣿
СͬվһԵſ˫֣Ҫ
Ǻӱֳͤķ򿴹
¹ӰУȻĿģͤȴɿСģ
߷Ⱦƣ֣˷Ǳ
ͤ۽һ͵ۣѹ
ǰںڵҹɫ㻯ʶڶһĳţΨн©δûֹ
ԼĪϢͤеջޡ
ƿӣ
ҹǣ°ѻѻĵں統ҡҷóͤڲ߳š
¶أָ˽˯£˲ӵĶֱͤԽͥԺߵſڣŵС˴˯оѣæվϹϾôˣӿҪ
국ڣȥҵǣ
δľС㶣Թհ졣
һǣ̲סʵϵĳүкҪ£
ʲôҪ¡ͤޱ飬ڹǴʦ̸Щ˵꣬ȥѰ̸
أסﳤȥİNN죬̤ʯ·غ˪
ֻʣ¿СվԭأԼҹԶȥıӰϡͿɶͷԡ
Ҫ£ֺαشҹţοϵģ˼ҺǴʦɮҲ˯
ˣЩҲԼһŵС˸ùĵģ˸Ƿ½Ų
ǹϰ٣ҹǰ㵥ɽȥѰˣ񲻵öô


22 
ת, μٴӭ˴ͻʥּ
νһ죬ȾȫȻûͷӭּʱãȻͲ֪, ȹڣ˶عǰֻϻλ̫఺ٴּˣʵگԻ
Ӧׯµʱ̣Ⱦ˼ȴɵƮԶ
Ŀ䵽ϥ²֦Ƶ̺֮ϣ̶̰仰ɲǼ뵽ࡪ
ͤû֣Ըͬɻ顣
˼޸ǱԼѡ
¡һ֮󣬶Ⱦ, һʱ̫ľɥûУֻЩź
ΪͤŮ棬ΪٰǵЦ
ҲΪͤ, ҹԳ, ҵԲѵꡣ
Ϊ, Լ, ʥϸǰδĻ
ϧͬͬǸѪһܵõر
Ӵ֮, ǳһ
Լ, 㵽ͷ׵ܼͣǵλ, ڵƻԻ͵Ԫҹ, ӱĺˮ̳
Цö˶˵С, 벻ʲôļأô㲻ܣ
ΣͤԹ
شͻ½ͤؽ֮ãմˡ
Ŀε֣Ȼ˿УȾ˼ʵС
˲⧲̧ͷд㵡
̫ʥּϹźͺЦͬϲιóԸּ
Ⱦûж̫ȷ֪ͤʥϵּ⣿֪ˣ᲻ִ⿹ּ
ֻµʱԼʥּҲǰ׽ӡ
ͷԶηɫּʲô
Ⱦγѣæ˫ֽӹʥּлл¡
ӹʥּ̲סۣ͵͵дڽϵī֣һһ࣬ȷ֣ͤλûּ
ʥҲд
ҧס´ʱüëۣĲΡ
һʥּʱǰƺ⽫⻰˵ιͰĵӰɡ
ȾȻмֲʵĸоԼǺʱ뿪Ķǲ壬ֻʥּվԭء
ֱֿֿͤηͷ
סѱϲɫȾЩ֮С
ʲôηȴδѣŤͷŮ飬ԸͷյŶˣΪСϲ
ǡ
˳ڡ
ֻʣĸŮˣȾСؿڣ׵治
кã˵ηⲻޣʥԴ͵ּѵһջسɣ
⻰ǽͷǿǴ󲻾
ȾԹɫ߹ȥ׵ϥϣŮԸޣĪ˵ʥϴּּҲᵲǰͷ
ⲻµĿǣǸСӡ
η̾˿̧֣ḧŮںڵķټ䣺ˣ񷶹ΪͼθŵԣΪǱ⺢ӳȿɿܻ㰲ǡ
ͤͬʧнӵͷţҪھɱӰĵطȻĵӣĪ˵ģֻ¾С˼ҵѰܰδõ
˵ЩǶȾδ뵽ġ
һů̼䲻ˮֻͷĻϨˣͷһһš
ġſھҪ粵ҡ
Ⱦ˵ֻһһʵ޵ּңͤ㲻䲻ȣǰãָΣ
Ⱦסˡ
Щڴ֮ǰδ
ҡ˼ãſڣϲ˵ʯΪŮųɻ֮ĴֹӣҲĴҡ
ηҡͷ̫ˡ
ΪΣ
ȾüͷŮڰ׷д
ޣһʱҲٻжһοͤ׮£һǿηʵҪ檣ҪͷѰҲҪһĴɣ
ȾԺ˵һ
δͤӣ檶˵
Ƕ˳ɻͤ˵󣬶ȾͷɬҪֱŭң
أηʣʱҪָͬЩ檶ߦȵ¥ɱɹ
ϡƽĿǣȴʵöȾɵô˸¡
Լǰ㲻ģȾĻˣˮģЩףҸô죿
ʲôη̧֣ĦŮͷǶμҵŮαʲͤҴֲã͹ͬ룬صθǵŮ
׸ĵȾ˿صͷŮ֪ˡ
òã˾ͺ룬ͤҲͷѰ

պ󣬶Ⱦյָ֮ͤĳɩ٣˵ǽտãμҹǰ;ա
;Ȼǽڣֻλδǰġ
ȾǵͤɩǰϬ£ǽ˶θǵʢԼԼڶθ˰ա
ȾǵãʱͿҪ裬ǺӳˣԼĪаꡣ
ǳǰⶣѩ֦ⷿȥȡ͸Сӵļ
һԻͷһֻƤ˹ģĪ˵СӣȾԼŶϲ
ӶθǰУָͣĴǰ
Ȼ;գȻҪ˶֣ȾѾߵĴ·³԰ȥδ߹ţ԰ڵ֣вˡ
Ȼż֮󣬼ɽѵĻ԰лأٰеĹŮ
Ҳ֪˭ȤӴҿţδˡ
Ⱦɵ΢죬һʱǲǰ߰벽
ҺָĴˣҲǵ߹ס֣òιƺϻֳЩͤͤ˶
ȾЩ㡣
ŵﻳﻹŸӣ³Ӧָӵĺӣֽ
ЦŽӹ⺢ӵǶ£һˣʲô
һ˵Ⱦ־ֶ֪Ķŵĺá
ˣͲˡ˽ȻȻǣȾ֣԰ĻãҴȥơ
šȾԹԸԡ
ǰԺķֲͬԺҪ徲ö࣬Ⱦص񷽲ǰ㱻Ҳ˼ͻ
ֲõͻΪͷָĻȻǿüõģθྭϵĻҲ涷޵Ļ
ںδĻȾ棬˵á
ڴЦ˸ӣαʲô⸮ɾиֳɵľС
ֳɵģȾĿ⿴ܣΪûƼ
ɣѽҩȥˡ
ʱʢů⡣
Ⱦ֪³˵ǺˡŶμҴӲĽҽ֮λҲøͤ
⣺ݪŪݣоִӣɾ¡
Ѱޣﵣơٵ˵Եúܡ
Ⱦֻ˵ԪҹͤӺԼ¡
ÿÿ£мֹӣֻתͶ̥ﻹжˣ
ֹԪҹһءٷʣϸ룬ܲʲô
Ⱦʵͷˮ㲻˵Цֻ롣
䲻ȾȴһЩļ䡪
ͷؼûдߵͤϬٳգֹɱԪҹº͵ģǲͬ
ֻһۣȾĿҲƲ·ǰѼһ㣬ղǾñطꡣ
׳ŵ׷ȥ
ɶȾԴҲ䲻˻ʲôʱ
ûΪʱ꣬벻ҲģǰЩӷͬҽҲ֪˾ԨԴ
ꣿ
Ⱦ˼⣬ʱԼǸСӣŵĻᶼٵúܣӡ̵ıǴ󽫾ؾ״ʺǰ
ҲǻأеūϸܴߣͬλСȣֻ׶༪١
ȾϡǵСüۣ䲻ϵĳȡ
ʯ䣬Сüۺͳֹͤص
ȾţҲգĪǡͤҴū¾˳
ֵپˣΪôȥ㻹ǵס˵ɲɣЩū¾ȳ㣬õȵĻԼδŵСӡ
ȾԺ죬ȥ˵Щʲô
Щ꣬ȾӲǹꡣ
ҹִԲԼһɽ߻վֻҲŵֳ
ϧ֮ҲСһ档
ܶȾסģ꽥Сòֽͬϵī𽥸ɺԣһģ䵭
£Сȴ»˹ԭͤ
Ⱦ˵ͷʲôо·ԭĿڴһȱʱ䱻
ʮС۵źһɢ
վԭشľЦʣôĪǸ˵ɵ˲ɣ
Ⱦֹɵסˣ˵ڵĿڣվֻҡҡͷûʲôҪл㣬¸ҡ
ǰ˵һˣαٵվŹģȻȥȱȲġ

صǰȹȲ裬Ⱦͬ˵Щʲô㱻ԵĹŮǿȥɻ
ԭû˼棬˭֪һȺ˲ģô򣬻ɻͽЩ׵Ժֻ½ǳ˻飬Ҫĺ÷ŲŲɣ
Ⱦ޻˵ֻӲͷƤ
ĲɣȻӮ٣ս޲ʤĶ⣬վƵƵ˸űºüºõơ
ǵȰֻշòʡ²ɡ
ȾͲƣºȵκеٷţ·߲
ѩ֦Ҫظȴ̫ɽúܣζι뿪ҵĲǣЪѾƵĺá
˵գλѾ߷ŶȾͷȥ¿ڸУ
ڵģǰղ֪ΪθȾ纮⼸ղȥֻڸ
ǱιӸڵ÷԰Ϣȥ
˵⣬СѾȴЩӣˡöá
áٵȥɣδŵӣĪϲɣ
ĿѾ߲ŶȾ뿪˿Լǰƺ«ӣԼΪ˴ţֻµȵɻ鵱գҲδػһ
ǰ߶٣ǾֻܿԼˡ
.
Ⱦ˾ƣһ磬˯ڴ϶ۡ
ֱ˯ԺЩڸɣ˫۰أԼһǽ֮⣬ƺ˵
ӣҪĶˡ
С
ǡ
Ⱦͤ
ɫ˺ǲͬѰӴɤŴָ£ӣΨͤɤ죬紩ֶ磬ȴࡣ
ͤƺڲԶȾۡ
ĿİķͲãѩ֦ſڴͷ˯ȾЩֲµʱȻС
ûоѩ֦´ͷ߹ȥ
;ϵĻЦڶԣԺȴ徲úܣȾķͤ˵ֻԼһǽִͿȡ
ѭͷ͸ǽϻƼ˽ͤݵӰ
Ȼͤ
Ⱦûü룬Ż̫ȵĲԽСԺţ˹ȥ


23 
ԼͥԺ, ͤȻܲڿ
δͷֻǰ˲ˮСˡ
ֱ䲻һֻŮ, ֱ֮ϣһƬǰ֡ͤΪλڴ˴
ִͤʵһͣ٣̧ͷ
ǰ֮˵ĵȷȷǶȾ潿ĹŮģмֳ롪ӦǺ˾ƣɲ壬Ψۡ
ŮͷٴڼͷڷɢΪ׺ʤ̬
ͤڻʺ, ȾҩΪ˲֣ͬԼ񴬵ʱнյҲ۰ˡ
, ջ˼ǰ֮ˣˣ
ͤƵĶȾΪλڴ˴, ճɩٰ;, Ϊľǰ
ԼȾ纮ϯ, Ӧڻǰͬһ档
ɻ飬һ׮£ͤü΢΢£
ǺԼյľ, ֻǡ
ͤ˼, ʯԵСֹŷ˭˵ˣҪС, Ī˵Ƿɻ, ±ʳʫҲ, ֽ
ǰ֮еǺǱĲӣſھҪʫ͸Ǿƽסף
ȾۣŲδɵīƽ̤ѩʮƥ˭ʫȲѺҲǹƨͨ
ͤû뵽˾ƣô໰Ҫ˵
ȾੲݵصʫþˣҲôҲ½Ц
ⲻʫͤ޿̣г˲ӣƸ񡣡
Ⱦʶͭеϵߵģͤԭͻϵķɻϯѽ
˾ƣѾ߽ͷϢ˯
ôǰͤӦԼˡ
һ룬Ⱦϸǰꡣ
ü۾£赭ɫյǸͤΨͬǣɫƺƽЩϵ°׽۳ĳġ
ν׳˵οУȾûпֳͤ̽ȥϺ䡣
Ůò񻰣⧲ͤνס˶㿪
ȾֵôߵؿЩͤżߵ䵭Ĺ𻨾㣺дƸʲô
֪֮˼ƽϣһȴʯϵͤȻ̧ۣʵĿǣСʲô
Ⱦ
ԼԼƺʲôҪ£ʲô£ûǰͤҪ
οеͤȻûдԼϵ֣Ҳ֪ⳡμʱѣȻҪûͬ˵ϼ䡣
ȾԱߵʯСӵддʲôС
ͤ򴽣ջĿ䵽Ƹ֮ϡ
ڱ߽ʮ˰վͨΨ鷿дʱ٣Ȼдʲô֣ȵ﷢ҪʱҲΪʱ
ŮŶƸּڵĳЦͤûжʣƸ飬תһԵĶȾҪƸ񣿡
Ƹ񣿡
Ⱦˡʥϴͻ飬ͤǵȢɡ
ͤȻǲ鲻ԸԸԼҲ̹ͬϣʲôҪֻҪˡ
˵գȾִսЩ¶Էû㣺ֻҪͤҪңңңʱʱ̿ңԶֻһޣ벻
á
ͤشúܿ죬ԼӦֻੲ˵ڡ
Ⱦǵûие㣬Ȼʧ̾˿ȻֻξеƷֻͤЦż롣
ˣξΰɣȾȻ𣬴ͻʥּһգͬԼ˵Щ
ĻǶȻͬͤģôôҲ޷ԼӦˣͲܷڣΥյԣҾ͡͡
Σ
ĿɨǸٵģȾмӡ
ʣµĻһ˵꣺ҾضθȥӴ֮Ҳ
ԶȾͷԣ㳤Զ
ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͤغɵز˳ֻ˭̸ġ
һ˲䣬ĳ˵⣬֮£ԼĻҡ
Ҳ룬ͤʶס˶ȾǷ߰㡪
Ҫҵ㣬δɻ飬ȴ̶ѴãǶμңҵʲôˣ
ͻʣٶȾҲᵽмΣյϢ
Ī˸ɪûЩ䡣
硪һ紵Ҳ֪ŵĻģȾ˸磬ίͰ͵ر⣬˵ΥԼĻҲŻ㡭
ǰͤҲ֪ȥûУɫԻЩ
˱ۣƽڣ޿ܡ
ͣɲǣֵͤҸ㣬ὣɱҡ
ȣȾö
ΣɱΥɷġ
֣ͤµر֤Ȼ˵ʲôɷ羰ĻֻͷӦȴԹֹ
ǻؼҵĺãΪ֮£ȥ
ͷ䣬ɫ䣬ͤٶԣȻڴ˴䣬Ȼطȥ
ȾԹԵͷվȴþƾͷһЩûˤ
Ҷͤȷסתĺ
ȾſͤϣζԷȱԼǰȥ
߳ԶһҪ£˵ʱҴūϸȳǸҲ㡣
ͤûзϣǡ
Ϊʲôң
Ⱦʳڣеͤδ
ſļͷԹԵͤԭһֱǸˡ
Ҳ
ճڣͤ
˵棬Լαͬ͡
ȾҲںӣЩˣȴ᲻ñۣһõξͽˡ
ӽߣͬϺõɢ˹
ȾȻһ󵨵ͷ
ͷһðû˿ɣͤͷ͵̽ͷࣵһѵˮǡ
ԷŲͣȾȴȻóͽӵƣҪɻ飬պҵķһҲ¡
š
ɤĪһ㺬塣
ȾЩ⣺㲻鲻ԸȻǺܲͬҳɻ顭
˯죬ǰ֮˶ı졣
.
ͤ
ŮɤķۣھѴ
ƹ谵ʣȴյ˳̵Ľë͸¶ζ
ȶȾɤģ
֣֪ͤδţ·ζŪȴ᲻ɿ
ˡٵߵѵξ
ˣۣͤ뵽ͷ£ǰ֮˵Ļڡ
Ȼˣһޱ飬űˣ£
عӵĻС˴λĹ˵һ档
䣬һ罫Ƶ¡¡
ĺʱڣľױ꼸ֽɡҡҡ׹ͤǰ
ƫŰڣճԶ⣬һڶеӰ
ǵӰ̧ͷ¶𷢱۵ӣѩף䣬Ǻ˵òȴ˵һֹٰӣþò


24 
, ֮ͭڶ巿֮, ŴĴ˫֣һ˸ߵͭУճӰ
ϲ۵Ϭת˸ȦվһԵĶȾؿ޵ǵƯէһΪ·ˡ
㹻ˡϬϷϼһߵģһǱϲ۳ĳģİºӵĻ, ҲЩ㡣
䲻ͤͲúĻ£ȾʱΪһתȹӿɴˣ
, ԭͼ޵ϲ, ϬϲǰͬС, ˵ȶ˳ȥ, ȻֻɶȾԴ͡
ϬٴתеԼżֲţ
ϲȹʲôÿ, ǲ֪, ǰȥ̿ʱǵڸһϲ, ͷĻ, Ҫÿɰǧ, ˵ɶ칤ҲΪϧȹѸƳҷǵҪһĲųɡ
ϬϵĻȹɹ¾ַƣ˿߹ᴩУǶ鱦ʶĿҪÿϳɰǧϲȹʲôȾ󲻳
ϬϲȹĻˣͷŲʲô˫ɣƣѩյһǸϵӲŴġ
𣿡Ⱦвɵ𼸷⣬Ҳ֪ļҵŮˣܴϲȹ
˵ţͷϲｹƵĴߴ٣С㣬ӭ׵ɹٿҪˣ㻹ʰްɡ
Ϭһ᲻úС÷ֿȴҲ֪ղԼԵӡ
عͷδü˵ʲôȴȾ΢΢ۣһֻίСӰ㡣
ˡ·ֵϬοȥˣֲȥ˵ҳ˻飬Ҳһӵĺýãң͵ѰұǣǡҵָȥѰҲɡ
㶺ŪȾ
κ벻ʲôϬĻֻҧͬ˵ˣȳȥˡ
˵գȾͷҲصش巿ţҲ㼱˳ȥ
ͷŮͣȾԭ뻽ѩ֦һϯȥȴûƼӰӡ
ƽϰѩ֦źûţһֻȤȾĿѲţѰӰ
ܿͿѩ֦ߵȹսǴ˳Ĵæƺʲôż£ֻͷǰߣȾҲƼ
ѩ֦ǶȾס
ѩ֦γѣؾصظСС㡣
ʲôȥˣôûƼ㣿
Ⱦʵȴѩ֦׼ѩ׵ĺãҹһձһأū澿Сȥȡ˺Ҫϣ
Ⱦûж룬ѩ֦£˸ǷҹֹҲŵҰҹû˯ţס㣬ǻµϣ
˵ţȾ᣺ǴѬζ
ϵ´˫һ٣ѩ֦ſڣĸѾ߻ϣū澻ȥʡ
ȶȾشֵձֹƸӣҪȹӣūȥһˣѳˣ
ȾԼԭҪ˵ʲô΢΢ȴںĿǣ㴩ʲôɣӭƸѣõǰġ
.
գȾѵ˸磬³еȹѶ˸飬һʱһù۵Ķɴȹ
ѩ֦Ϊ̵˫٣ѡͷʱȾַˡ
˫Уƺ̫ؾǵ䱦Ե̫ׯأɽ˿ⱦзΣâ̫ҫۡ
ѡѡȥһգĿĽεеȥɡ
ѩ֦ѡõղҡͷѾͨָѵˡ
ȾƤһ¿ڣ֪ˡ
ȶȾϵʱּƸѰӣŵĵطûС
𵱳ɼ֮գƸ񣬼ֱй֮޲
ȾȻһ۾Ƽͬ˵ͤ
ŵɫֱֳۣε۴ʲôǳķˣ˰ýˣɫ£ǿԼõİ㡣
ȾȻ򴽣ƿĿ⿴ϣס
Ůɤ࣬ǡ֦ͷݺ䣬ͤ˵һֹͷȥһʱǴ˾ٳƵ
ҶһҲֻŮϣֺǺǵ֣ͬ⣬
ȾƲԣֻȻˣӴɽϲͳˡ
ϲ֣Ⱦ־ȣв˿
ٰϰףӳʱϲҪԼСַƵġ
ֻ˼ҵŮæƣʱæ˼ҵС㣬ҲȻԲһһ߽۾Ŀࡣ
ǽĵĹءϲŮδķֻȱ½󴦵Ļɫڳǰ㾦ֲȥС
˿ͤ񶨵ϲҪȾֲʵĸоȻóԸ޸յꡣ
ԷľеϲʵǰʱȾ࿴¶ԷڰŤͷѩ֦ϲϲպãŵȥ
ǡѩ֦ڴĦ˼ϲˡ
ţǵͤļ亮ѡ
Ȼ֮ȾҪͤΪޣȴǸñӣĥ᲻ߣһԶηί񿪿ڣֻˣɲܴʱ
ͤδȴԵŮ̾˿ɤƵŮˡ
ţǶȾ߳ӣżнԶĽŲ
ջ˼ǰǶηׯصɫĿ⣺¡صƸ񣬵͵ӷˡ
ͤɫûη˻лˣιδŵӣӦġ
η˵û뵽꿴Ǹסġ
ҲáηƵԸպ޵ּңĪҪ˽ⷬ
һȻǴôͤ˼
ֻԼŮǰĽ䣬ŻΪƤԣη˿ģȴǴƤ֮£ɲ˼
ͤ𸴣δȴʼԲѵ֮磬˵
˵գִ˽Ϻõݼϡ
躮ѹͤ뿪
Ӷθ´ȶ԰Ѵ÷ʱƢƼںδȴԴٵĽŲͤȵȡ
½ŲƾȾ׷վԼǰ
ȾȻ׷ЩŮ٣۰֮߳վȣ㽫еĶ̧ͤǰǸġ
һƣԭһֻңԼм졣
ͤǰڹеʱŮҲ㣬㷲Ҫ͸ȴԼĵز࿴һۡ
еָ΢ͤķӦȴԸһҽ˹
ܸܵԼӹ˲䣬ǰ֮˴˿𣺡ҵеıƬаݣȡԵϣá
˵ô࣬ԭûָӦ˭֪ͤףǵͲŵ
Ⱦʱͬܵ裬ֵϵĻģɲҪӳ󡣡
ͤԧˮĻơɫ˿ڱ̺ҶУŲۡ
νԧ죬зް֮⡣
ʼգΪӡ
֪¹ֲöȾͤȴȻһ˿嶯ҡ
˵һ룬ȴ
Ⱦۣдɻ󣬿ѱʲô
¡ͤ򴽣һ£ˡ
ȾͷĿ뿪ıӰ
Ҫʧ⣬ִͤ
ԷסŲȴûлͷ
ЩʱգһڼйؾϲȢҡ
Ⱦ˵ЩԭûָܻӦ˭֪Լá
ӳ߲ӰյˮʧӰ٣ѵǸ޷ĺҲ۵Ļ㡣
ȾԭվãֱһƬҶž䵽ͷγѣЦŻطȥ


25 
ϲѩ֦۵, ȾûмŽչԼСĽŪˡ
, ϸϲ
̵ϲۣʵˮӦõϺõĲ˿ͷĻƸ棬Ѱ飬ȴ׵ƣ֦֦֮ϣ׺觰ѹʵ
ȹڴ߹ճֵѩƣʥַϢ
ȵȡ
ⲻϬ˵, ɶ칤ϲ
ȾҲû뵽ϲǸԼ׼ġ
˵Ҳ֣ͤڱ߹سνѻѩ˵еز
ϲ, Ҳ⡣
ϲͷ, ȾСֽϲչ
̫ξ, , ϺɺϺϡʲôûΨһϲ, ͷ֪ʲô֡
ѩ֦ϲȾϣ, Ǳ˸ˡ
նȾţŮȹ, ¡صϲ, ȷǱһģ, ȥм浾̬
֣еԼȴƳڳȱʧɫʡ
Һá
ȾңڴҪַƵĻƲࡣ
˵еķҲӣΪ˴ĥԷڴƷĻͼڳͷһҹҪƷϲ
Ⱦ½Ū壬ֻ±㽫任
¿ѩ֦ȡߣֽϲͷĻƲȥ
ͷţһһߣ಻þžŰʮһ롣
֮˫žչ͸ɴڿȸ̵ϲȹͷڶȴհдĽů⡣
Ѿææćִͽͷҡ
һеĲãǰɡתۣǳһ١
ʱ𴲣һʱϴǲ˵ɫͷѲ÷˶ڣ쵱Уصϲ֮ڶ
ͷҹ˷ܵ˯ţȾӷ˯ѣ۾˰ڲ
ֱϲűƿ˽
͸еӳƼ׵Ӱӣ
ȾʶҪͷȴֱױﰴ˼磺ĪҪҶױˡ
жηǰΪױֱĽ.Ůںڷټ䣬ſڣǶȳȥлҪ˵
Ѿߺױ˵˳ԭϲаηһԲִױϵľ᣺޵ӣӦΪᷢ
ȾۿǣԼһͻֻǵ͵
η˲죬ִŮһڷһͷϣٰü
ǰŮ΢΢վ̲סת׵ĻкޣҲҪá
޵ĴȾ˸ãɺ˵ţŮˣֻڶμңԶ͵ԡ
ԣθʮĵطһ˸ٺãҲȲǵŮʱ⡣
ɵֵηȰԼѡˣϲӣ޸ӦϲŶԡ
˵ţŮϵɣסӽǸˣ²СƢԣָ˵˶ϡ٣ôҲǸպΪĸѳ£ôģò׼ģǲҡ
Ⱦҵͷ׻УŵϤܰϢ԰Щ
ܿ죬ͷϲﻶϲصشߵӸóˣӭ׵ɹš
ʶνɹپͤȾе˿޹ģһǽţһڴ
߰ɡη˷վ
Ϊ֮յȾ棬ǰ·Ȼ˷ţÿһ׹ƶˣ߹ͥԺżƹӰڣǰ·ǻǸδ֪
ֱ·Ĵͣ½Ųãˡ
ʵѣȾҲֵͣúܣԼͤȴܹܵǰ
Ρɤ˶٣˸ƺӡ
̶̶֣Ⱦ岻ɢһա
ͺĬĴҹ紵ɢƣǾ¶â
Ŵ˵ʲôȵֱֻס
΢ָһǽȴִŲݿܵȡ
ֻţȾһʱ·˴ٲĴ
ʱȻǰ߳
򡭡ȾԥŻûֺڣȴѱ˴ᱧ𣬷ŵ鳵ĳԯϡ
á
ɲŮòһԼţ
ϲСϲԵλúϣӡ
֮ڶǶȾȸ棬ȴ̾ߵûţ˲ͬͤ˵ЩҴææ복ᵱС
ͷͤϲһ𡪡ƺĳǰȥ
̫ξС׮£ν¡ʢĪ˵ǴֵѰգǰĴٹˣͷؼʶΪױʮݱ
ֱ֮󣬳˼ȢⶼҪ׮ȽһĽԶ׼ֻ̣йޣӭײűȵϡ
ЩͷؾĶȾȫȻ֪֮ǰΪ׳͵͵˰һ
ǰã복ᵱУůⰻȻ¯һѬʱƾͷ˯
֮裬ǰأȾԺ֪ϦǺϦ
ͤţֻܵڱϯҸ˯ȥ
˶УȾߴȥӦͣˣ˯Ҳ޷
Ⱦֻȥ󼸸֣Ҳ룬Ǵ󷽵ص˵ͷȥɣҾͲˡ
˵գŮһͷԽı쵱УѹµĹԲӳ
ͤ˯ӣޱĬƬ̡
꿴ؾվһԵѾߣź
Ը뿪鷿۷ϯϡ


26 
, 㱼䣬ѩ֦ڴ߻, ˡ
ȾֻۣڶθĹ뷿Уѩ֦˯ҲûԵ¡
»֮ҹôûԵ£
ѩ֦Ȼ㣬ȴֻӲͷƤߴ٣ﻹǿЩǰϯҪֻ¹үҪˡ
үȾ, Ĺү
ĿλεĴ֮ɫ˿߷ƶɵڸҫôۣȾ˫ۣԼδ
ҹͤĴ֮ҹ
չ, Ϊ, ӦðֵַظŸͷͤŶ, ԼȻ˯ͷ, 綼
ʶѻȾ˾, ֽЩ, ѩ֦æҵ, ²£ͷ䡣
æòɿʱ, ͷѾߵү
šӦ˾ƵԵ, ͤɤƽʱҪϼ֡
ˣȾ˲ϸϸһҽǰ
ûϸͷŶԡѩ֦æʢϲĺͷͷϡ
߶ʱһƬϲĺ֣Ų㱡ɴǰֻѩ֦ӰӰ´µΡ
ֱһ̣ǰ򶨵ĶȾǰδеĻǱʶҪѰҿ֮ˣѩ֦
ѩ֦δӦȴǶһͷ񣺡ү
ȾҪǣסѩ֦Ѱο֣Ӳ˰С
мΣȾµջ֣ȴһֻס
ϲµ⵱УͤסֹֻȾϸòѰӡ
ԼǳֹսԵʣĹǽڼһ㱡룬ڰ׾֮ϣԵôһѵʵС
һɴǰģԼĻҲġ
Ⱦԭɤ۵һģ˿ԭλ
ԼǻһһˣˣˣˣһԪҹٰ¥ĳİƺƴ
ƿصܻصȥȾҪʱԼԸջóԼôҲֵõġ
һϲǡôڣϲүȢýޣϲٵˣʱˣúȺƲǡ
˵ţϲѽƵ𱭵Уʵ˸ǰ
Ƚ֮ǰӦƿͷ
ͤϲ˶࣬οԼϲС
ûмƿͷƷǶȳȥ
֮ʣǲݱ粵ϡ
ӣ̫ӸǰĴˣȻѰܱȣЩϲѾĻ˵ʲô˳ȥѩ֦Ҳ⡣
ͷ㵥ദȾѵ
֣֪ͤ˵ʲôڶμſϲʱһӣԼδӦ
򡭡·ͷؿ˵㣬
ֻһͤƺ˵ʲôƬ̵ĳŹȴֻʵ޸ңɺڣ
ڣ
ΪҪڣ
ȾҲ룬ҡҡͷܹ޸¡
һ죬һǻüΪ
ΨͤúܣΪŮӣӦҲûʸӦ
ױӳȴδΪԼŮ֮źΨд˿̣ͤͻȻ𷽲ųڻϵķǱ
Ȼᵶᰮ˽Ļ£ǱάΪŵӵķȣܲǰӵͬԼƣ͵ϲԵԸλͷϣӡ
˼ˣͤиְɫסŮָĲ£˼֡
ȾȴܣֻʵΪβ˵
ɤһŴɵĹ֬źͤ˼лѡĴԼ
ݻ²ǶȾǿõԼԧ죬¡µĴʦֻΪ˽뷶ǱϲԵجΡ
һ˽ģ뷶ǱԵ
ͤ˱ۣջȥ£ֻͻȻһȢ㣬
ˮҹӦڸ¥Թۣˣ˳
ֻǷûе֣ͤúܡ
ٶԣûϲӣֱ̧ϲһǡ
ƻ貣ŮԵӳǺӣϲĵհ͸ۣϸһƣо΢ĺΡ
ȾĿת̧׿ǰ֮ˡ
ν̣ǴϲͤϵϲȴԲֱ֣ͷǲض˵
źʱķˣէһϲʱģ˸Ƶġ
ϸͤȷ㲻Ϥÿÿ궼Թϲ۽üۼ嵭˼֣İȴ׽Щ
մ飬Ⱦá
Ⱦţ˵ЩĻǰҴ̽Ҳ½ۣҡУ֪׼˶ŮҸĻͬһ㣬Ҳֻ಻١
ŮੲݵĻȻֹֻʼδǶס˴
ӦǴͷãͤм⣬
жȾʱõıңȴûз佬ζǵľ㡣
һҧˡ
Ĵϸϸܵҧ£.ζ
ǰδео˳ż֫ٺһʱָⶼ΢΢顣
ȾֻԼѪҺһɲֹͣ
Ī˵ԵķӦ¶ˡ
ҺͤڴʱͣάŰƣȾϢ֣಻һߣֻͤܵӳͬè㾪㵵˫ͫ
Ůͫɾӳͤ۵ز¶С
ΣΣȻһжİţϲԵ֮ˣͺϸͤ


27 
ֱһͣЪ, ϲн©ԣȾԲ̫ŷʲô
, ͤ
ǡ괽ģȴھ£ȥ֮ʣϢҲȣмζ
ǰϲ꣬ⲻ֪ԼģԷС
èۣһ۵Ĵһ˿ڷ˯ŮѴѩڷ, ǧ滨кϸ֦˲Ҫ̧
ͤû
Ƭǰƿͷһǣǳ嶯֮٣óȻ£ֻ»ᾪŵèСŮӡ
ת, ɵִСƺ, ϲƵ뱭С
ǰ˷, һԼһ, һֶžƱʢȾ۵ףˣȺȹ˯Ҳ١
ȻǱˡ
Ⱦз˫ֽӹеľյ, ոһǵԺ, ͷҪϲ͡
Ҷּͤۿ죬ס󣺡˽ơ
, ˼, Ҫཻ
Щ, ǰԹȻǽ̹ġ
Ⱦɫ΢ͤɫ糣˿̧еľƱƽȴ
ʵĴƺ΢΢ȥЩͬأż磬Ⱦƺżͤϵ㡣
֣лŵúܣžƱȴһ˿ܴݲȵת̧Ʊ
·һгֹأһн졣
ͤ˱ۡӽһƺҲõҲõ
ơ
ި⽫Ӱ֯صеյüһѬ
ȾΡΡۣߵľգô
ֻͤʱæƿĿ⣬ٶ࿴
ԷƲ¾յʱѲ磬˯ɡ
Ⱦͷȡ·ηڴϣأͷصĻĩ˻һ䣺˯ͷͷ
ͤһʮˣŮ֮ȢӦ֮ߡ
ȴȾʲô
֮ˡͲӦ޵ָ
괹Ͽ˯ͷЩպõֵ첻Ҫ𡣡
Ⱦ㱼ʶӣӽǶҪһȹģϲ˷ֿ
ĿڴỊֱ̄ӵÿһ缡֧֧شӦţ֪ˡ
ȥЩΪرۡ
ͷظ˯ͬһŴϣȾûһ˯ʱڣֶ֪Ķš
ҺͤڵĵϨ룬ֻͷһյ׵ƣʱࡣ
ϵȻȻƮ
ŵȾĪ࣬ټϰ̫ۣƤأ֮ʣżΣȴ֪뵽ʲôҪУ˯
̧ۣͤ£
ǶȾţƼ۵һƬȻ˿˯Ҳޡ
ֻ˯ѣҲֻǿλƵػӦԵʻϵױϴǵգֻҪڰߡ
һС׾ϸ壬ܻһҹϴ㻵ǰأ
ˣòлҪǿ𴲣ְͤסŮļ磬ͷϣ˯ɣһʰ
˵գأԷ´Ьľ쳯ͷȥ
ţҹĺңԶİд
ڶЪϢѾ߱ѣæ߳үкηԸ
ȥȡˮιͤ˶٣Ҫá
үڷԸѾҵҴҴȥһͭˮո¸ɾӣźڰβߡ
ѾָˣȻԼҹӲŮɫĹأؾصվǶĿҲҶ࿴
ˮ¾Сͤڡ
Ѿ߽ͭڴϣͤûԵķԸС˳ȥ
űϣԭں׵ԿͤŲͥߵǰӽͭУšɡ
ﻹڵʱ򣬽ĹأΪϴ֮Ҳڻ¡
ҲֻչԼźˣͤԣͷһء
ϲź˵飬ֻѾȡˮϴźƶȾȳڹеĹŮúܣ˺ܹǲá
ͤİõţšɺӸȾϡ
˭֪ȴֵŤ̡
ŶȾʶĶ֮䵽ԡ
̣
ˮ·ʡͤԼһ˫ֳִ룬ȻŮ۵ļȲá
ޱ飬½ˮ˱飬šɺƬ̡
أȾû˵ʲô˯У̾
ͤ΢٣µؼȥѬ˻ֲŲϵ֬ۡ
糿ʱרŵΪӽ棬Ůϸ壬Ӳ᲻زȥԽЩ֬ˮ۲øɾ
ȥǲۣ֬Ⱦ¶ԭòƴСӣ壬üۿڱ
ͤڱ߽֪꣬ϰףзķֻٰ಻٣ʱΪ񣬻񣬻ħ裬
żþϳ֮вٹӬӪ̷ķĻӣΪ˴֣òɿ
Щ̣ܱȵϻˣ
˼ˣǲһĨЦ⡪ӣ޲ɼ


28 
, ɫ
ͤѵģƽڴϵ, ȴûֱղͬ࣬˰ţȾ
ڱֱ߽ӽͤβѰŮǰ㽿Ȼֻűһ£Ҳ޷ʵݡ
Ⱦȴٰͬˮ, Ůͷ˿ÿһ缡ò񻰡
ҹ˯пɲǣͤ˹
ڶȾֻǽͷļ򴦣˸ƣ͵߽, ˯ȥ
ͤǶ˶, ±ۡ
¸𴲵ʱ, ִ֪ͬʱ, 䱻ѹڶȾ£óȻֻ»Ὣ˾ѡ
ֻͤѰ˸еķ, , ոȾ֮ϡ
˿׵ƲϨճŮСɾµӡ
ͤûж࿴, ѹסֳֻŴ, һֻ䵽Ⱦ֫
ָ, һ̽ڶȾ䣬룬ŽȦڻеƣס
ձϽʱͤΪӯ²̧֫׾ٵȡѹס䡣
ͤط´춯
ڴ齼ĦƬ̣ҵһѩ׵ӡ
»֮ҹԪ죬ʾӵࡣ
˷ӳճͤްɫûйɣͳذףοʣԼʳָ
һεѪѩϡ
ٳǰͤͷ˴ϵһۣŮڰȵУ΢΢̣Ȼ֪ʲô
.
ɫѷǰףϲѩ֦˸Ƿű򿪵֨ѽ졣
æع˺ϹϾ񣺡ү
ɫӦһ
ѩ֦ǶȾѾߣȻָҲֻźԼС㣬ʵСţūͽź򣿡
ԭ߳벽ͤٿͣ½Ų㻽ʲô
ϡƽĿǣѩ֦ȴе⡣
һæĿڵū޶ۣһʱСүĪҪ
ͤͷǵþУ´ٷԲźˡ
ѩ֦ӦĿԶıӰĲ亹
źС꣬ȻԼ˽ģһʱ֮᲻øĿڣû뵽λ䲻䲻ȣϸ΢ĩڵСȴġ
ֻ´ӽôʮ־ӦС
.
Ⱦһ˯úܰȡ
ֻ´ϣûڼһ㣬Ͳſѣɫһ֮ʱۣ㶢ͷİĴҲ˯š
ѩ֦ƿʽź򣺡áˡ
Ⱦѵûͬѩ֦лصĥ䣬û£ͤ𴲡
ԱȣȾԲλࣺͤأ
ү鷿ﴦģһǰԸǹˣ͸һüݹš
ѩ֦ĻȾ˻¡
»ڶվ裬Ǳزٵ̣ͤսɳλš
Ⱦ˵ػǶãһ뵽ŵ֮õ˲ҪžͤҲԹ
֪ոȴֻԼҲϽһѡ
תɤһȴҪݵͤС
ͷײȾƢԣȴŮԹʱǺεȽ̬
иһԼů⣬ͤδȥŮӴæϴʱʱ˵仰
ȹ̫ޣϹأЩġ
Ȳţͷš

ͤ˫ֻбڴߣۣŮʱʱͣ绺ң֦ͷݺ
ٰĶͷѵůȴãϽ˷ů
ͤվͷԼĪһĹͷױãŲ޷С
⻨ͭеӳݣȾʶüۣæˣ
ɤ·ǰԹͤϽ˸ڡ
ͤϰԽ˿Цѹȥʰˣ
ˡȾվǰת˸ȦҴżˣɻʣ
䣬ȾʱɲȥСõᣬҪȥüͤĵ㻶ȱ۶
̧ۿͤɫû¶˿죬ֻضǣúʼɡ
Ⱦ˿һԭλ
.
˶լʢĶμȣָԵò߶·תۼ㵽á
ϳ룬Ľּλ͵ƳȻǳ档
Ⱦѧͤȡ㣬͵ƻȼ󣬽ֱֱҵУٱϹϾȥ
һݣݣݡ
ͤȾҲûжֻԣλڵףĸףλնΣȾС⣬ҵӡ
֪ڶŶ֮˵Ӷ֣Ⱦв©˰ġ
򴽣Ҳ˿ڣַֽˣӽһˡ
˵˴Ⱦʮǰλֽ󽫾ʦسаռеӭĳ棬Ǻεȷޡ
Լ¡ۼˣŮкܣӢǻʺҲδرȵǡ
սɳ֮ʣͤ.꣬Щ޸ĸˣҲ֪˶ٿͷ
Ⱦ΢΢ۿλģպһչ˺÷԰ͷ
ͷλһһϿδ仰˵ڵɲǣͤ۽΢Ҳ΢΢ͣסƬ̡
λǰͤǺ޲⻰ظ顣
ýԼպʱʱ̼̿ţԭ䣬˵һˡ
ȴһͤסȾ֣ģպΪ᲻벻
ȾûϵͤҲ˵ֽŵĻ
ԭʯΪҲȫȻûе
.
߳ãͷѾǰ˽ѱãүͷ˿Ҫţ
ȾеȷǿտҲţһ£ֳҪȥһ裿
ͤ΢ûпĿ⣺λֳҽݵﷱæЩʱղҡ
ֲá
ȾͷջϣͤλֳƺҲ¶档
һһ֮ˡ
ڲһ仰֪ΪΣܵϢȻ
̧ͷȥʱͤȴɫɣֻ𣿡
ȾͨʣͤĿǣȴмϤλֳֻ˴磬ҧгʵҲ㲻䲻ȡ
ֵ֮䣬ȽҲ¡
ȾԹת÷ɿ죬æĿڵҲܺãŵĹ֣ͼ񣬲֪˶˵˹ְ츣ٰǰա
ϧͤƺף긩Ŀֱͫף㣬㵱úã
ֹȾĪΣϢ˰벽ѱԡ
ͤ˵ֻ㶵ͷ
û뵽겻ģҪѡҺ֮䣬ѡ˭
Ⱦ⣺Ȼѡˣֳѳɻ飬Ӷˣ˲֮¡
ͤƺ𰸣ɻأ


29 
ʲôŵ⣿
Ⱦû뵽, ԭưͤҲͬԼ, ֵ֮ıȽϡ
ͨһ㣬ȻʧЦס괹֡
ΪҪʣҵľˣǺǴʦײԵҲ޸㣬Īǻܼ޸˲ɣ
Ůָĵ˲䣬ͤڵĿ˼֡
Ǽ, ʦԵΪ٣ȴ˰սֻ֡
ȾһԲֵң, ˭ҲȲϷ
˵, , ѵˮһġ
ͷڴ֮ͥ, Ⱦ½԰ɨѾСƼǹ֮ͤ, ȹڿ첽ǰͷȥ
֮, ŮӰת˲ţȴµ¡
ͤԭͣ, Ũī
, ԼλСˣ
С˷޼֦ļ, ǰ֪үкηԸ
ֻ΢΢ƫͷèͫ㷽ţƼʲô
С˺֪ȤӵĻūŷʲôûƼ
𣿡
ͤ΢΢ۣ¶ֲõϢϸ롣
СҲǸģүʣæĿڵūŸոƼ
ɢЦ⣺С
˵һ룬ͤס
ʱ㲻ѣͼӲɵ˿֤ȾԼİĽǼ١
С˻۰Ͱ͵ʣͤȴѶס񣬴ͳһö壬׹ȥģĻɽ֪
仰ȻܼıˣС˫һƾͼֵƵ壬޲¹Ҿлүлүģūž졭
ֻڱӣԺ󳣳ײ¡
.
ֳɩɩȴҪģùţȾͤһǰаʺ١
ãŮۻԺɹ̫´ĺӣʲôϡ棬ţѽѽ
ûôǾһ裬Ⱦ͸ĿڳƵΪɩ
ϧؾҽ̫æ׵ܵܵĻҲܴ²յ׼õĺһǣպҪ׼һݴǡ
ȾܵӦ˫ֽӹֳΪҽߣ˲Ǵ£һԺǼĻᡣ
ͷ˵û仰ҡбСӤˣԿĿ
æȥŮСǺú壬תۼϲЦտ
Ⱦƽټ㳡Կú档
ٽӱҪһ
ȾĶֺԼˤţڵٵĹ£ӲͷƤ˹
´СӻģûйͷȾԼС
żСŴϵ㣬̲סС֣
һһСϤȽۻ۷ŻҡȾת˹ģŲɵСĿתضԼЦ
ڣΨͤվڲԶĵطȫȻӰС
ɩԴȤĿǣͬȾȻϲӣǱЩҪҲã鶼˶պ˺ӣҲ֪Ǻεͯӵģ
һ˵öȾ΢죬شȴͤףӹвС
ɤһ赭Ⱦһ˿ĵϲ
ٱһ˵û뵽ԼСд㣺Ȼ˺֮󣬷¶Χת»ٵһҲ١
ȾԽԽ죬ֻ֪ͷӦǣδͤе⡣
һ뵽ӽԼҪͤŮȾҸ÷ΣĻ˵Եģ
ݵ·ϣҲ̲ס̧ͷĲգа⡪ͤÿҲ˺ӣֻòֲ
кǲҪ̫ͤĺãܽܣŮòҪЩױ۸
.
գȾҲûö⣬ҪкŮ
Ҳݲ£иҪ¡»գǻ̽׵ӡ
գȾ˹
ʮ꣬ͷֱգȻǺ޲ܹɻȥȴֲò¸Ĺأȷһҡ
ûãͤΪβ˯ˣ
Ⱦȥǻŵӡ
ŮɤųѵŴ֮ⲻԶͤҲ˯ƿȻˣùźͻضθ
ȾƼҲԵ£ҴҺȹ࣬æѩ֦ױȥˡ
ֻͤһ˻ڲԣһɨȥȾǰĵĸһδ
ıϡԸһԵѾߣá
Ȼȵ󣬶Ⱦžöˡ
ϰŵģҲ룬һö˿߳ԱҲ֪λѾʡ£õܵ
һͷĿǳµĬȻһĨǳЦ
.
ǶμС»ŵӣؼϲǡ곯壬̫ξϳͬһڴſڡ
ʹƿȾһ̽ͷƼϤӰ
סѧĹر׵Ժ󣬶ȾҲ룬Ҫ˷˹ȥ
˭֪տ벽ȴһֱֻ۽ס
Щ
ͤƣԽᱧһ
ȶȾӦѾ갲ȷ
Ŀ֮µ׽жȾʱͬϺӣͷ쵽βֶ֪δš
ȴͤɫ糣ѾͬʰСĸ
̫ξֺǺǵЦڣԶηĿ½ͤһ¶һ˿ȻˣȽ˵ͷúܡ
ȷ䣬ٰҹһѩȾʱϻһ£߽̼յŽ
ʰ׵ѱõĻ
ֻ׶һԣʵĹϹͳƣȻż˫
η˿Ů벻ˣҲʶˡ
Ⱦ飬ﶮЩأʵ϶ͤԸȥ졣
Ǻ޳׽̵úá
һڣһ͵ŵʱ
ùź󣬶θüλû޵Ⱦ밲Сߴߴһһ䣬Ӳĵڡ
ͤȻ̫ͬξмλθ岮԰Ҳ֪Щô
һ޶˵ǲ˵ϼ仰ŻŵĹأҲǸԷַ˯
ȾסǳǰĹ뷿δʣǰĲãϤѬϢ
ɲ֪ΪΣڴϱۣȴ˿˯Ҳޡ
ʱű죬Ⱦæ´򿪷ſˣôˣ
ôηѵŮĪǿΪʧ˲ɣ
Ⱦ˵Ϊ飺ĪҪ˵Ůûء
ηԹ֧ʹԵѾͷţ׹רһʣ޵ּҺ󣬿ʲô˳ĵĵط
Ⱦϸ룬ҡͷҺܺãɩҲΪ׺ͣڷֳ䲻棬˵ҽݴ̫ˡ
η˼ɫ٣ŷȻǺã˳ģױҲͷˡ
жߣ»飬ͻСв޶Ⱥ
Ⱦ˵ʲôŮҵֱⲻʲô¡
Ĭֻúҵͷ
ηֻŮߣûпԾУƽҲҪͷЩݺݺ࣬黨ǲݣֻܸߵжθʲô
׶ˡȾͤ⣬ˡ
ǵȻãֶֻò
ŮԿη˽˽ʮĸľڡ
Ⱦ˵ʲôֻܵͷӦ͡
ֱҹη뿪ۣһ㱼ֻصδʱǣ޹һ˯
˯Уֻѩ֦ʣĸģððʧʧʲô
ػǸСѾͷؽĻū澲ǺԺӵĴ˷ǰΪ˸Сϲ
ѩ֦شﴫȾö˶˵ģҪʲôϲ


30 
ö˶˵, ҪʲôϲȾţߵſڡ
񣺡ǰʥΧ, ֻӻһֱūںԺšһֻСӣ಻ðֻضմ»ϲ
Ⱦ£˵ʲô¡
ǰΧԵʱϬ˺ЩСӣȾļЩܰƤ֮࣬ȫˡ
ֻʣЩ˵صģš
ԭ㡣Ⱦ΢΢, ʾԼǵ
Ǹģٰ˭˲֪ǼҹԹү⣬ʱűϲ˵һ黰ٲʹ͡
Ȼ, Ⱦ˸Ǯ, £ЩСĶȥ
ЩӾͱȦںԺ, űϲǰ, ⽫ɨһﲢţֻиɲݵϢ
Ⱦ, ƼС̡
ǻǷɫ, ֻһ̵üëֻ߰С㰤Ұ, ۾û, ʱʱߴߴĽ
Щӳÿɿˡ, ϲظʱϼֻҲƶ
Ⱦ˵Ķ
ֻϬ˵СһѽһѣɲԺ󽫾ӡ
ֻֻ̧֣ÿģԸѩֻ֦ϾУʱһֻ͸ʮĻ
.
ùţһؽʱͤƼ˶Ⱦڻеİá
֮ͥ£ȾӴӺζֻȻգۡ
ָջʻȾȲʵǰԳģÿɺÿ
ͤףĿ䵽ëɫ׵ϡ
ʱڱ߽ɳĮ֮ҲҰãС޺ӣһֻгΪ³
Ҫôڲӥצ£ں֮УУƤǮ
ͤͬȾȴһ¡
δ޸֮ͤǰСʱһֻСӣСˣͤĵϳԡ
ͤȻϲӵģֻ˳ˣ㲻ܱ¶
ͤĿⲻͣþЩĶȾæʵҪһ
ͤش𣬶ȾѽӱС
СѾϰ˶ȾϢէȻ䵽ͤϣת飬ź˾ҪֻӴܡ
Ҫˤȥʱ£ָνġ
ۣͤɫʵҪȡʲô֣
һһõİӿȾȻδֻοص˵СӱǼ⣺ȡҲ̫鷳ֻһֻͽΣ
ͤû飬ȾǵԼȡĿСӶӣɣҽ⣬ãǲǺ񣿡
ͤ˲䣬ƼŮ֮ʣ֮һϸ׾Ĳ
ۣܿӵָȴ£˼֡
ȷ֮
ͤ롣
.
ֵٰĻ¥
ڰ¥д뻽գȫ򻨵֬зֲҹ뼫֮
Ⱦ棬һݺݺĻͷǰߡ
ôҲû뵽Լõĳ棬ϬԼֵط
ȾڣסǰͷϬ䣬ͬǻǳȥɣǽз֪
ʲôҴĶװ˭ϵó
ϬΪ⣬лŶȾר̴СãߣˣҶ仨¥ģǸͷ˵
˵գǰѴ򿪣·Ĺ깫ʵλүСȥй֪ӿǵĹ
㲻ˡϬȻб˵컨ܿصǳ࣬ʱų
ĿˣʮоŸΪӶǹ깫ȻʱԼĪа㣬ǻӳ
ԣϬöҶӹȥȻˣòŴţҪźʱԻ㡣
깫Ǯ˳ȥǰżŴϡ
Ϭܣɴůʣϻ¯ɵ棺ֲЩһֵط񱻹˻ƵģҪӣҲ᲻ߡ
ȾûΣȴҲͷ֮¡
ȰϬ뿪ǵ㲻ûȡЦԼһͨ
ȾֻӲͷƤձ̴̺ľ
λãܿ¥´дһԲ̨ĻԲ̨չ̿ұֿš
Բ̨ܣѵȺһȺӣΣǵʲô˳
Ϭ˵Ļӣ¾̨ࡣ
ȾջĿ⣬ԲԹϬ»ƭֵطҾͲˡ
ϬæֺĹӰݵǰǣίҵHطǻ»أͽӡ
ȾЩЦȴ԰ЦûнӹĻ¸
ƳϻűСᣬҲ֪ͷʲôȾ棬
˭֪ſ˲ۣǱŰ㣬һһ
ǻϵŮŮԲŴƣһ
˶ĵüŻ
ٴУϬæʰ뿴ͷʲô
˭֪ۺȴǲΪȻЦǳ˻ˣôƤ㱡ĪҹҹǷִ˯ɣ
ͤȻͬߣǡ
ȶȾڣ¥²֪˭˷ܵغӳˡ
ѭȥֻԲ̨ɸߵϿյУɴŮϵ񣬻ӡ
ǡô»꣬׷ףǻӲеãղ
ȾҲеã⻨ּܿԶ
УǼѰཻ࣬֯Ī֮С
ʱյĻ䵽Բ̨ԲͷȾģŮӱֱͦü䣬׵þѩһ㣬˲ֱӡ
ԭˡȾһۿ˳
û뵽ɣ
ϬϵķӦԱר̴ۣ˵λǴģһԭĺãղһǧһ涼ѵá
ٰ
ǰɽˮηҲΪ
ļأΪλͬҪһ˵ٰһ·ϣǳ˲ٿͷ
ڶȾλ΢΢
Բ̨µӽȵУղĿ޲ϣߣŽʹ͵ĺԲ̨ӡ
ȾüͷֻЩ˵ĳ̬ͷŻϵӲࡣ
ʱʧ£ϬȻҲˣҪǻȻء
˵һ룬ڼȴŮӾʧļɱˡţˡ
䣬һӰӸƴ̵ִĵ̴ѪƺںԼ¶Ŀ֮£תһȴԾ˽ȥЮסѱŵôľӡ
͡
ǷͷȣȻ.Ŀڣ.һɲȵѪõ֮ϡ
УȾһĻ
оѪƺֽͣŷ
Ϭڵվһֱӣһסߣܣ
ɱۣһԾһӣµĶ̵׼ֺݣת۱
һʱ䣬ŻڵĻ¥У޵¥еĿ˷׷ͷӴܣҲ˲ҵĽţײļ硣
ȾϬǲ⣬¥ľϼˣвһŲȿա
㳡棬˲֮ʣ֪ͻȻλֽĺˣ
˵ţǰͷΪ˿·¥
Ϭһ۾ϳۣү͵͵ңǳ
¥ִһҽУ˱ڴ̿͵ĵ£Ϭת˸ǿȥȥɱץס
ְǱǺΪѣǵȽȫͳȥ
ЩԽȽץסȻͰȫˣϬִͬȾĿȴԵ
ԶԲ̨룬λܿδͣ£̴Σ˳ָң·Χһжͬ޹ء
Ⱦҧҧ첽ܹȥֽŲõϰɸߵԲ̨ǰͣ
Ȼֹ̧ܿͷ
ǱɫģͬϺõ㣬˵ȴһٰ֪λк£
Ⱦû뵽һ۾ʶԼŮݣҲر⣬ֻǵ˴Σգﻹ
ܿ˪ϸһ˿Ц⣬ûоܾȾá
һͷͲסϬĴߴ٣λȥˡ
ڽѲߵĽҲѶ¥ΧͰһֻӬҲɳ׽еǲڻ¡
滺Ϭؿ˿
δüƽ飬־һѽҵأ
ڽͻһ˵İæ£ҵڽɪɪСӡ
ѩ׵ëմ˻ңӦǴϬˤӵ
սӱһ̶ġ֨øˡ
Ϭ鿪ڣǡȶˡ
Ǻã
ȾŵشϽӱȥҴơ
.
ŽҽݣǲҽΡ
λӻذɣǸ˿ĵطӵʵΪ
ϬôˣĪӹҽһԶң
󻹸ڵĻǲҵҽ˲Բ˶ֵֻСһСС
ȾԸ˷ʱ䣬סҪϬˣǻٻһʡ
ҩ̻࣬˺߽ܿһҽ
ҽͷûˣֻһλֱۣͷĴſڣҩĳͷץҩ
Ⱦſڣʡ
еĻƣתüۼĵЦ֪λк£
䣬Ⱦģ΢һ¡
ȾԴ˻Ȼδֻλ˳ۣɷ½ģͷ򿴿ֻϵˣɻҽΣ
˵ţѾȥƺǱʶƶλ򲻻ܾԼ
Ȼ궯ݣнӹֻӡ
Ū¹ӦǱ˲ȶȣǰˡ
û뵽ȥᣬ黹ܷḻȾæʣˡ
²ԣ߰˷ְգ֪Ըһԣ
߰˷ְգѾȾԤڣͷǾʹ򡣡
£ҲգضҽݵĴΪӰ
Ķɣһְֻסӵıϣһֻسɴ˴
ȾſţĿȴشƵλϡ
ʹĿרע
ȾܾãĳӦںδȴôҲ벻
ƺһεϰ赲ļ䵱С
ˡ򿪿ڣ˼Ӵȥţ£ϵӦþϡ
лȾæ˫ֽ
ֶ࿴һۣվûסʵ֪ңںδ
ʣǸδü˵ڣҽ⴫ĽŲһȺִĲͣ⡣
Ϊ֮˺ͦףȾ첻
ͤ־ϲΪλ˴
һöƹŵͭƣٲȻйҪ졣
ͤ粽ݣĿƿ䵽ȾеֻϣҴ˼ף˵Ҳڡ
赭𱸵ζ
Ⱦȴ飬ǰ˵ǶĻһֺãȥƣĪҪģ㿴²Ǻö˶˵𣿡
ͤɫûб仯ֻ΢΢üظ
Ⱦͷճſ߳벽֪һҪ£æתȵȣһûиλ򿴲Ǯ
꼰ʱ֣סֱۣͣԼԡ
ڶȾĿУͤǴ򻺻ڣ֮£ֳ
ЦЦƺϰΪһˣαؿ


31 
ֳ֡
Ⱦ΢, ඥֲλ죬ԭֳͤ
æ˸񣺡μֳ, ʧڣֳĪҪ֡
˵˲ÿؾҡͷϲ֮ɫֻһȻһˣպٸСèСÿҪöࡣ
Ⱦδ𻰣ͤؿڣûпԼӣ߶ֳ
ô᣿ؾЦ, ˣҽȻһֻСҲӦˣùĳ
䲻䣬Ⱦ΢صͷ
һ, ȾλûѪԵϵ, ˵崺ֳ۸Ǽá
ֻӿĳ𡭡Ҳ֪òø
Ⱦԥ, ͤͬڣæ, Ƚ»ȥ
ô£Ҳæúܡ
ȾңһԵϬط, ͬʮһ߱ǡ
ͤĿⲻ䲻, Ϭһۣɫ
֪Լͱ¦, ﻹƽʱ, ֻ޲ظģӷ, ̾ظȻˡ
ͤĬƬ̣ûж˵ʲôͳ⡣
Уͤɿһ·ϸ͵ٻҡ
ųĻȾһ顪ͤ˾٣Ƿٵܡ
κȣȾƱ綼С
ƿ¶ƴС
һ̧ۣͤվڳԯԡ
ĿƽӣȾͷĪЩ⡪֪ΪΣͤһ˫ڵۿȥˡ
޷µҹͥԺȻͣһֻè·˲ϣèֻͫûй⡣
ȾգֻۣèʧӰ٣Ӳֹ㡣
ͤǲӣ£
Ⱦ˶ȡһСɰ˵£ɰͷЩǮͷǵÿգתֳ㵱տĳ𡣡
СɵǳɫɰŲ֦ƣһ۱㿴óŮӵ֮
ͤɰӹ֮ϡ
Ⱦ˿Ȼظˣ참ҲҪЩǣĪҪźδ
á
ͤѱͷĿ⿴
ʻԶʧڽβͤתһŲ죬۷ص
ոƽĻֳʱѪȵϢͤߵӪָۣһ߾߸Űײʬ̧
ִˡһͷӪߺļƣ棬ѷԾЩߵʬҪ̧ȥʬ
ͤף֪ˡ
˾ӪΪһϸȴܲó潩
νˡ֮䣬̸Щ£Ӫصִ˿֪⻨¥ʲôӣ
ͤĿɨȥʾ˵ȥ
ҲǸողŵ֪ԭĻ̨ܿգ˲ٹ͡
Ӫ˵ţ̾ͷسͳӣֳ˵ǳ͢٣ֻλպ¥еӲù
߹ˣһƷƷȣǳ͢١
һƷʮ̫ǵٸ
ʢֳȴ˾Ϣʱ빬Уŭּ¼ϲ顪׼ȷɱ͢٣Ļضָʹ֮ˣҶԷĿС
ϧ޶֤ҪҵĻ֮ˣֻǲס
ֱִڣΪ֮ˣͤƬۡ
Ͼڶѻɽƽ£Ƭ̴Ϣ֮
ͷαĿǳ¡
ͬŽȡģЦʵִ˼ȻæˣβЩȥнţɱҪů͵öࡣ
ͤûлػȻ˯졣
ͬ̾˿ȡģ߳󷽲չ߱߸п²ˣһϹͷҲ֪ܰʱٹ£ɾˡ
ͤһۣ˯ʱʱ⼸
ʶȡǰնȾԼǸɰָĦ
ɰ֮ϣ̴ŮƽѬ֦ĵϢеѪȸ롣
ͤӦʱվ粽߳⡣
.
ظ֮ǰͤר·ǰҽһˡ
ʱؾҽ˰ѵƼԼҵܵܵҽ⣺Ҳ֪ʲô磬㴵ˣŵæˣ
æˡͤһԵ滨
ؾ˵ʲôֻ֣ǰĲ˵˼Ƿ纮µĿȴƽҪıܺٴ磬һҩ
˵ԼĪǼŮæӦǾʹˡ
ŮӺߴӣ˵֮ʣûסֶ࿴λ֥һۡ
ϧ˵λִŮҷɪ
ؾӦǶĴϰΪתԹԴҩȡҩȻӰ졣
ԱߵͤһĻ۵ף֪뵽ʲôɫ
߲ˣؾỤ̄ŵÿͬ˵²ʲôҪ£
Ҫ¡ͤվȡһöŵ̨ϣβǰתġ
ؾ㶣ЦõҲ̫ˣ㣬ʱ֧ʹ
ԭΪԼҵܵԸȢμλС㣬ڻòӡ
ǰգͤǰˣǮؾϹҲֻܿμҹԼҵܵеķһ㡣
Ҳǣ飬ԼӣǻҲδؿϴӡ
ҽݵн˲ܳȥؾûƴǣöǮ뵱УҸõл
˶٣ûסֵ֪
֪ͤϵʲô϶Ի
ؾԼǴδʶܵܣҡҡͷЦмΣҲһ䣬㵹ƵĽСﻤý
ؾֵģȻѹȥǲᣬǷޣպúôиһаŮҲͷˡ
괹ۣ֪ЩʲôֳģԻ
ֵܶƽմһʱ٣㺮˼䣬в˽ؾæȥˡ
ͤûͣתҽݣȥ
.
СԺУ΢չں֮ϣ֦ͷȸ䡣
ѩ֦⣬һµͤæ񣺡үˣ
ͤף᣺˯
ѩ֦ͷǰմͷҹ˯ţҪȵ˯
ˣȾƼֵ£ҹۣѪɫǵֹ
ͤڣ˯ðЩκţֻܶһǿţֱʱ֣Է˯ȥ
˯֮䣬Լ΢ĴлȾۣƼڴߣָĦԼա
ϲ⣬ʱѹæˣ
š
ͤӦֲϺ䣬æˡ
ȾԼãղƺмֲһ
δϸ룬ֻæʣͽ˴ţ
˵ţ̧ͷͷѩ֦
ءͤȥϴ壬˵
䣬ͤҪȴ䱻ס
ףĿ϶Ⱦڰ׷ۡ
Ⱦ򴽣мռֳЩҪͬ㽲˵˵ĺá
ͤе⣬һȥ
ΣһԼ˵ǡ
Ⱦ˳סֻ֣ͤԴģƺոҪöࡣ
δ룺»ͷգ⣬ֳɻ飬֮һѡ
ǰҼֳо֮磬ȷһһӣҲѹַʡ
Ⱦϸֱ죬ǡҪ÷ֳ֪ɻ飬Ҫѡɻֻѡ㡣
ǰͤʱ򣬶Ⱦδ˷ϣۼؾŻعζ
һǾˣ֥ľӣһɱ˲գۣ䵭ͳ죬ͤ˽£Ҳֳ֪ȽϹٻء
ܲţȾҪͤķȻõġ
˭֪һ֣£ͤȴûκηӦ
ʹۣܽסֻ۵һƬ衣
Ⱦˣ޲ýԼʳĪǲţǲţӻš
š
ͤڳ
ֱһ̣ŸܵڱѪҺ¿ʼ
飬жলľԱͤ˱ۣںڲ׵Ԩϣ̤ŶľǰС
;ǰֻˣľŽҡҡ׹
·ԼѡģûлͷĿܡ
ȾȴǱۺţ·
Ů棬֪Ԩֻ̧ͷǹ⡣֪ԼһһһһЦʹĹάֵľ
ͤҲ֪ǰ㣬ǰ֮˻ڻ
Ů˿㣬ԺнǸ𽥷ɡ
ڣ˵öԣӻš
Ⱦ𴽽ǣ㰤ýˣŵͤϵѪϢ
ֲһҪϴ壬Ŵôãϲ࣬϶Ǻܲȥ
Ⱦᷴȥϴ壬ҵš
ͤû˵ʲôȥǰסĸƫԺϴ壬Ⱦû⣬ֻڴϵš
·տ˲ҳʶһ¡ʱͤظҪȥƫԺϴ壬֮鷿æŹ񣬵ȵЩʱ򣬶˲ż档
糾ͣͷͺڴߣͬԼ˵ϼ仰ȥĪҲˣ
һ뵽Ⱦ̵ģлҲȥڴϴ˼
ʯΪ
˳ϲҲ


32 
ǳװ, ͤȴû
ؽ꾭ֵİҪȫ, ǰλ͢Աڴ֮ͥ±ɱʳϷæòɿ
ͤ飬Ⱦռ棬ҲԼҪæΪеȻޡ
֪ιģȾȵɩٵԺһˣȡ
ŮЦ˵ҵǲֹ, ֪ÿϦҹ캮ضˤϸ첲ȣҲòʡ£Ǳը, ֳҽæ, ҲֻܴõĽ, ҽȥ
Ƿ
Ⱦۡ
ڼ, ֻܺŵͬŴպŹ
˵ϦҹֻԼͤˣҪʡµöࡣ
Ⱦ˿, Щп
δǰڶθ, ĸԲԼ˲˵, дµ׼ʮ, , µֲ
Ǹʱ򣬶ȾãԭټٰУ˹塣
ϸĳϦҹͤѶһˣԼĪʮꡣ
Ⱦ΢΢ɬصУŴգԼĴ㡣
.
תۣ㵽˴ʮ
ͤ첻𴲣׼ŵá
մ£մ˿˯ĶȾԺۣҲ
Ů򴲱ߣҪʱŻ
ֻҪȵҹ˶٣ͤ³˼ЩЪϢصһڡ
Ⱦͷֵرȥˡ
ͤͷ˯ŮиԼǳǳ߳š
ձؼԲӣȴҪϽͬѲߣͬм˽²ߣ߲˵л
Ҫ˵ѽϽָƵѲߣҲһôûУٽĴСϱû֦չֵǿһ۸
˵⻰ǲ䵽ɩӶ㼸ɫƣ
֮һƲ죬ںҼĸϻˣϳţֻҵĶ߶˵÷ô֧ӹڣҪǽҹؼһ˿ţͲ׼ֻȥ
һ䣬ͱ˻¨ӣѻ֮һ˿ˮ
˵ҵֻ֪û֦չʮָմˮе˵кӶʨϣԼ檣ϻ¥
ͤ嵶ڼǰͷûг
Ҳ֪˭ͻȻðһ䣺ͷɻ£ҲǸֵ˵˵ɩӹզ
أʻ֮ѺһʱΣͤΪӣ̫ţЩӰ߶£
Ų΢٣˼ܺá
Ҳǡ˵˵ٰ˭˲֪ϴһƬģǻмٲɣ
ֲ棺ͷɩӿҲҪʲôɣ
ͤҡҡͷûС
ԣȻ˽ӻ㲻ˣɩӳǰ̫ξǧֻ¾ϵǣҲܸժõͷҪ
Сһڣ֪Ǹϵӣֲֲϱ
˲ÿɷ񣬡Ůţһ£һ£ϲ˵Ҳ϶ţ׼ʲôʱ򷭾ˡ

һյѲߣƴڻУȥõҲ졣
ҹʱ֣ϦҹٰǻƸգĦ࣬ȵͤŵ˽ظϵ˷˴롣
紵мϸѩʱȮ͡
صָѩѴëѩѹµǵƹֻƣֻյ֮ڵ·
ͤᳵ·صСԺС
ɴ᷿͸ճŮӰ˸ƺڴǷ
һǽͤȴѸܵܰů⣬ɼӿ켸֡
Ŷ룬ԵĶȾʱվӭȥˣ
ͤס
˵ˣصҡ
˵ţͤס֡
ɳϦҹһֻһأȻǲһġȾСʣҽҹ
ԭû˿⣬һʣͤȻȻص˵ͷ
ҹܿһڵԪ
Ⱦϣ֪˶ٹӹȻٳԲ£ֻ˫ͤš
üÿԶʱۣѻɫȥµĳʰķС
жȾʱᣬ̯λĴޣҲľģһСľͻ顣
иͤӰڰڣмģ塣
һףұˣЩЪϢɡ
ȾҪͷ͵£ȱۣҪ㡣
һûжԣ˳ӵرۡ
Ⱦȴɲģ͵Ƶģȡһ˿סۣͤԺ˸ᡣ
ţס֣ͤ
ͤ俴壬׼ȷظ֪λ
ŮǣԼ᷿żȥתӦͣ˺Ժſڡ
ˡȾ˷ܺ͵⣬²£Ҹ׼ʲô񣿡
ͤ²
ȾҲûӣȲԼһˣŽ⿪ͤϵ˿
ɲǣϮ
ͤ˶񣬿ǰһС
Ժƽ˼ֻһͤȴһģ
̵ͤϣɫ˿ƣʯ̳С·ԣǰںõС̯
Щ̯ɡģߵģ˵ġէһȥǽͷĽֵᵽԺ
ȾȲ֪ҹϦҹ㽫Ϧҹ˿̣һɻϲ
ͤ΢лҺϲ
Ⱦû뵽ص棬ʼ̣ɿ֣ͤ첽ܵһС̯󣬲֪ڵʲô
ͤȥŷֻ̯̲ǰźÿĿ
Ⱦ±ǻ
˵ǰͷʲôɷĻ͹ٲõʲô
ˣǽʯϵĶС³˲
ǻ¶βڿзٲȻͤģ
ȾֻһС˶ȹڷ˫٣ȻԼ
ǻǩϣܿǽȴΣͿ
Ⱦһһɷ֪ͤ͹Ҫһ
ͤûԥùŮģˡ
ȾСͤϣ᲻óȴ̵ġ
ǰߣԲµգȾְ̯ͤ»ơ
ϵﲢѣͤ׾٣³ա
ϲλӣӮûһյ
Ⱦ˵ţһյӵ͵ϡ
ͤһˣһӵƣߵû
ϧ԰Ӿôվߵͷʱ
Ⱦƺ͵һ̣ͷʣѵûЩʲô
ͤ
δйʵĳϦҹһʱ֪ȱʲô
Ⱦ̾˿ҪڣҲ֪ҹιġ
Է̻𣿡
Ⱦ˵ţȡѱõĻӡ
ɡ̯̺ͷһͲ̻
ͤվûж
ȾѽӵݵǰЩȥѽ
۽΢ɲ˲ӹ
ߵ̻Ͳǰֻ֣ͤȼͷߡ
ۡ
ߵĻɿȼţӰ
̫Ѩʼʹͤ߳üļкͰŮ˽ڻУȵĻ⣬ţŻؾȥ
ȥİֵ֣úûš
ֱһ̣ŮʶʲôĿڵúûš
ǰȼе䵱еĻ⽻渡֣ͤǱʲôס㣬á
͵رסֵֻ˴ͤ˰벽
ɲʧͤͷŮдŹУĪǽյֵˣȼ̻ܡ
˵䣬ֳͷ˼̯ͣǰ
ȾĿѱԵ̯λϣһߣͤߣǵ𣿡
ͤмã
ôⶼˡ
Ⱦ죬Ԫһҹˮʱľ߰һˡ
ҵĲԡ򴽣˶ٺֵԺ󣬲ˡ
ȾҪ˵ʲôֻݵһ̻ڿնڰըâҫ貣׷ɵѩƺҲմȡ
ߵУȻײһ˫
ͤùֻߣ


33 
ͤ, ȴִů⡣
Ⱦˣֻ˳ͷ, ĴߣЩռζ˴Ϣ
һֻ䵽ʣս
ȾҪ᲻ͣ
ҲɲͤĶǱϵϸܿɣǺ޲ýȥ㡪
ȾԼͷס־ͤƺҲûô¡
Ůӿ£Щ
ѲȫȻ֪֮ˣԼ֮ͤ, һ׳δԽ
ϧףԸԼ
Ⱦ΢΢ηڼرۡ
һ룬ȴüͷ

ͤƳԾ, ͣ
ûʲôȾҡҡͷ, ɫмְա
ͤҲգ, ֪û˵ʵ
ǡȾ֧֧, Һ񡭡ˮˡ
Ҳû뵽ԼĿˮôʱڡ
⼸ձͤúԺ, Ҫ͵͵ѧǻ, ķ˾۵ø
ͤ׾, Ȼ, ͲӦѩ̫ͣòǡ
Ⱦͷ, ̲סСصģֻһˮСëһȻͺˡ
ͤŲ΢٣ڵգҴΪ
Ⱦü𣺡һš
.
գ޷С
ӹҽ񣬸Ůһ㱡ɴΪȾ
Σջ֣ȶԱߵͤӴɷģëǺ£Ϸһķӣ˾ĵЩʱգȻõöࡣ
˵ţҽ±ˮдҩһԵѾϡ
ͤףʹ򡣡
ȵȡдҩҽҪ˳ȥȾ˽סʴ򣬲֪ëպɻӰ졭
˵һͣ΢΢صͷ
ҽˣģ岢޴󰭣ӰŮ
Ⱦ˿
ߺֻʣˣ䲻Ҫӣ
û뵽ֱ˵ʳȾ΢΢̣ûֱͤҲǡֻ˺ӣܹЩֳɩɩŮ¶ѧ·ˡ
Ⱦ˼˵ȥ
Ϊվױǰ
ҽʱ˯㣬ֻǺһѣͷˣҪһ
ӣڷɢȾִľᣬһûһᷢ
еӳͤӰȻȻӹеӣ
˳ɻôã»һգͤţͷпᷢ
ȾɣҲգضžΡ
ͷɫֻܿ΢ı;򢡣
ȾȻ֣ͬȣͤʵݵùͷľָҲǹǽڷ͸ȡ
ÿÿ˲ġ
óƽնˣΪһǡ
Ѽⲻ˵ʲôʮȫˣҲС
ȾأţͷȻͤˡ
˵䣬ϷƵģһöŮ̺õڷ䡣
Ⱦ۾𣬲ⷢǴӺεģ
ҹҴӹ鸮ʱ·úʺ㡣ͤʲô֮
ôܲأ
ƸͤͷظȾžգ᲻ýڷ䣬޲øƽǡ
ڸͷϣͤס֣ȡһ䡣
ﴥȾһƣֻˮɫ͸ĴӹӨȻЩݡ
ӣΨһĶͤڣˡ
Ⱦԭ⻰ʱӷڵʵʵⶫôأԼţҽ䡭
һ´֮񡣡ͤҸ
Ⱦʲô𣬵Ǻܸˡ
ǽ仹᲻óױͷš
ֱʮһգʥٹ٣ȾΪŮ쵽и磬ý
壬á
䲻ǴգҲʤƴ
ٹڽǵͬʥ鳯£빬Ůȵ˾Χ
ʥԪѽڣĹټҷ˽Դ粻ףɫȹѲ˵ױҲǱĲõḶ̌ȷϬҲ⡣
ò棬Ϭ˵ĻҪͬȾκ˵λ̫Զֻ̾һȻϣͬϸ˵
ȾɲҲ򡭡
ϬںʲôҸڻ˭۸㲻ɣ
˵ˣ¶Ⱦһλϳüչ
ʢдÿѽڣŮϳӡ
Ⱦ˵ϻ裬Ҳʱֳ͵ڣҲû⣬³˻⡣
ӲͷƤϳָЦʲôɲϳĻǸ˵ԼУ
ԺСòɿ
Դ㣬Ⱦ̧ۣҲ֪ͤˡ
ʲô񣿡
ʡ
Ⱦ̾Լľ˵˳
ȥΧԵʱ򣬷ҲǼģҶܴˤǺˣôܴ򣿡
±ǰȾ˵ʱͷͤĶϣͬ˵Ļ
ͤ˶񣺡ڣصǡ
赭һ˵ڣȾĪ
šصͷŷ
˵ϼ仰ʥҲˣ˹֮ǹ͢ʦϳ衣
ԼĪ˰ʱ˽ɺʥ˵£ѵðٹؼһãͬ죬֪յаԸһɣ
䣬̫ʣѧ䲻ţȴҲ׳󡣡
̫һȣȻвٵ᳼Ӹͣͤǲ⡣
ֵŮʱȾ׳ŵӣҲſ˿ڡ
ĶԼѡȾȻѡͤ
һѡ󣬶Ⱦ̫̫ͤԼϬһӣ̫Ϊͷ֮ˡ
һͷͷ߻
¿ˡվڶȾԣϬ̾˵߻ǰȥУѩɽϦҹûϻ߻ɩضĴ

Ⱦ׶֮ĸϵ
ϬͬͣɩŮкܣ߻Ǹϻ¥黨ǲݵģƽﲻ֪ٹ߻ֲڣԸǣ
ȾһЦ
Ц̲֮סһȺͷģ߻ȶԸľɣ
ܿ죬ȾͷԼĵǲǿѨ硣
ϣһȣ׸ˣӮó⻶Ȳʣ̫ҲĪ
Ⱦ׼ʱзӭ
һʱ˶㣬Ҳ֪ζ㿪
ɼȾסڿն𣬵ӦʱѾͤϣĻС
ͤһסһȣǲһӣԭڵ˸С
αļͤ䲻ȣϷŸոտѡ


34 
лõ򲢲, ״Сȭмο, ͷ׺˿񡣱Уδػ۵Ķȥ
Ⱦʵö˵׼ûϵּͤۿ죬Լϡ
δ֮ʣԣ֪ΪάԼȾһ
ôҲ⻰˵Ҳδ̫ӡ
Ҹ̨ϻʥϣԶͤ˵Щʲô, ܲܽ
Ⱦۣסֵֻͤ䣺ģûʲô
䣬ϵˬЦЦ˫ֹȭǸǱһʱ׾, Щ, ĪҪ֡
Ⱦ֪˾ţ
ȾеǸ, ȷ֮ʧ
ҡҡͷ, ϳϱ͸ƾ죬ҼˣôҼЦ
Ⱦ, ֻͤĲȷ, Ҷء
ֲͤûɿ
΢Ŀɨһˣ, Ӱæǣ, ʱ׹֮Σ, λ¡
ȾΧŵʵЦ
ص̫Ҳ̲סڣαǫ˭˲֪ˣ᲻õóԿͷֱ˵Ҳ޷
ֻվ£ʧ˹ʡ
·ģӪ˽֮ˡ
˵䣬ͤѽ⿪䣬궯ס˫ۣԺᡣ
³˫ĿӣΪ֣֪ҿ飿
Ī˵ˣȾҲɵˣ⡭²ףҵ֪ġ
ͤͷ׼ȷ󸲵֮ϣսڣ㲻¡
Ⱦлǵǣȴû˷ŵľš
ǶҪģɷˡЦ񱾹ǲķǰȥп죬ԪùңŶ˼Ļ
ߵϵ£Ȼҵȳܱȡ
ͤ˵ţսлȡ
̴ͭ࣬ٴο
ȾĶɤۡδϺԣԼʱ챻ֻס
Ī¡ͤĶϳĿǰ
ȾĻ̧۳ǰȥ
ֻǰ˽׷ǸСС㰤ңҰ㣬Ҫļơ
ǿڿն𣬲֪Ҫ䵽δȻһݡ
ͤ˽ӭȥ
Ǹȣǳ۾㣬ס˵һ԰պɨȥڶѸ֮ƣԷС
ȾĿɿڴ
˷֮£һʱǺ£عͷ˵ʲô
ƽϲ£ǲ⣬ΨĴһơͤ˫Ŀڸסƽһ˳ĵûo
Ⱦɵۡ
ͤһƤ࣬һֺֹƤãҲĲŶԡ
УͤҪԣӮһѣ
ȾҪҡͷͤѽȽϣüʲô˵ڡ
üۼ䣬е緢
Ⱦ㶣Ȼ򴽣ս̴µȣá
Ǵ׼򣬿ͤڡ
˹һͤԽսһְסŮֻ֡
Ŀӣȴû˰㣬׾ٵرܿײƥ׷·ֱȥ
ȾһĶҪɤۣƽĿ׷ǿ
ƺ̧һߣǸܵȾļ֣ͤҲȡ
ţNN죬˲ӦʱڶȾеϡ
ԼЦȾһ̧ವһһš
ȾɴۣвŷʲôĴˣ
Ȼͤƺ鼫ãﶼŵЦǲţмҲ޷

һĹ򣬶Ⱦ֪ͤ˵⻰ȻΪƭġ
һˣˡ򣬶û˵Ļᣬȫڶϡ
һţȾ۷Ź⡣
ãԭ
ȻһƳͤϵֲ֪ʱȻɿƽԼһƿء
Ⱦһʱʧ׼ͷ
ǧһ֮ʣ֪δ󳶽סơ
ˡ
ΧϹ˶Ȼͭ죬ʾʱ̫һӣʤ
̫ӶʤȾδ˲ûϣת֮ˣӮˡ
ͤǹһ˿ǳЦӦ
ϧۣЦʱǺεģ
Ⱦţͤѷϵ֣
Ⱦִģ
Զż⣬ͤ⿪Ժᣬ޵ۣȻҲ򡣡
޷öˡ£ͤò΢С
˵ö࣬Ҳ֡Ⱦɵǰ죬ֻССһ׷׼
ƣһҪ۾ȥ
ͤ˵ƽȾĳȴһ¥̧²䡣
ˡȾͷȴͤĿڣ
Ⱦ˳߻ͷȥи˰СͬЩʲôһŽϡ
ֻδ˵꣬Żȵźλ˻ΣЩεڵء
Ů̫æңæΧȥ˷ϣѡ
Զ̫Ҳ߹ʲôȥ̫ҽ
ǡ
˵æҪȥѰ̫ҽ
˭֪ʱۣ˿վ죬ȥʥϡ
ʥ϶Χĸ̨ȻҲͷĻңʣ۹ǰݼʣ󸸻ʾһȷߵ
˵ҡҡ׹ֿҪεȥ
ʵüʻԣ߻ӿǷ˺£
˵ֻýǷŷϡ
ʥϳӴ̫нŽӹɨһۣʱɫࣺǺôĵӣ
ڻٰǧ֮ԶЩˮߵ¶Ҵ٣ʥС󸸻һҪֹ÷װˣڵػز
һ˵˲׾˺¡߻ӾȻڰݽˮ٣˵òᡣ
˵ȴ£˽ľսڵأȺʥϳ䡣
Ⱦǲ⡣
¾ֻʣ֮һ䵽϶ĳֻͷʥϻڣ˵޵鷿ȥ
ܽ鷿ģȻڳΪٵĳӺͻǡ
ȾվƱס
ͤԣĿǰδֻöڣȥʥϣظصġ
ڣȾĪģá
ȴ£ŮҲǰ˵Ц඼볡ЩͰοģȴ£Щˮǲģǵ²ɡ
Ȼ¶Ҵ٣ǵ죬Ҳ֪мģ

Ⱦ㲻磬ͣʱҲ뿪ˡ
ͣڹͷҪȥȴһɤ
Ⱦͷˡ
ȱǣòڵŮӣȾ˵ֻһأǼ
ü䣬ӣٰ˵ģֻҵڶ
ֻĻڹȵط
ȾԴֳɣǡܿ㣿
Ů΢΢һЦܿĻѱ¬Ȣңûԭ֣ҰȾͺá
ȡ
Щ΢ֿڣȾʱ˶١
ȵͷϷ˿Ʈһʤѩڳ£ͬӹһǶмӡ
Ⱦ죺ҿʲô£
¡ȵУɱ¾δüлѵӦͬк
˵գ΢΢
ǵҲءȾΪؽ˷Ǿ֮ͰˣһŮӣܰæٺò
Ѽ󣬶Ⱦ
û뵽պյ˰ȵдΪȾ֮Լڸлϣܹ
Ⱦ̾ܿ㡭ԣǰȹδҲ̫ˡ
ǲȥūؾźԵѩ֦ڣңǻ¥ģ㲻ɡ
ѩ֦ʱҲտˣȾΪ⣬ֿ˱顣
ٰһˣûã˵̸ģҲ
Ӧ°ɡ
Ⱦڡ


35 
, ¬˸С
µ֦Ӱ£Ⱦͷһͤ, ͤǻˮϪˮʮֻȥ̬䡣
ȾͤߵĳϣˮʳֲͷŮӵԭΪ¬Ϊ䣬Ϊ˸լҲһһ۲Ŷԣû뵽Ҳ¡
ˡ΢΢һЦƽﲢÿ, ⶼ븮кרݵġ
Ⱦͷ΢΢졪û뵽Ůӣٰķ龹㿼
׷ʣ´, ֻһûһḧá
ֻǹɡȵ, ҲҶ, ôԹš
ƽ, ëιʳȻҲҵĻԼӣȾȻ, ֹǹ, ֻЩʱ, ܶʶˡ
ȵü, ЩǳЦ, һʫνý˷룬˫ðߣܱ۴ƣ
Ⱦصɴۣ̲סʣ㾹Ȼʫ֪ģ治ˡ
˫߳ʧ
ЦſڣԭһУһλ˽̸ҵģҲ⡣
˵ϻû꣬ͳǵ£ɵÿգͷΪ㵯һأ
һ׵ãȾ֮ãӦ
ͷͤем⣬Ƚ뷿УŴɴʣñǰ
ף
ȾƳͷĻƣ
˳Ŀ⿴һۣѩ򣬴˻Ԣ겻İ⡣
ͤĻȹϣҲĻơȾ𴽽ǡ
ȡ·Σ˲¯еϺ󣬽ӱط䣬ʼࡪ죬ʱɽˮΡȣϪС
Ⱦϯϣ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣƤأƤסܡ
Ⱦס˸Ƿ˻˯
ûͣȴòУƺǴӺԶĵطȾǰһƬڣ֪ʧȴ˯˹ȥ

ŴƴٵĽŲ˵ķ򿿽Ȼͣ󣬻һ߽ƿ
Ⱦ˯оѣϵҲȻֹ
չսӨ͵ڣûа־ţЦſڣѵöӴݹ٣Ǻþò
ĸӣ
ȾδͷȴϤߣҵӣҪӦ֪һ
Ⱦϯתȥȴײͤڳ⵱С
ƺ鲻ã
һʱԭأҲ֪ԼǷǰͤȴ߹ס
겢δ˫ź㣬ɶŵŮӣȣ㲻
Զ˳ɻȾδ̬ͤ
д˸İȴЦڣӺαļԼСۣΪ˴лǰңûԵ˼
ȾɵҲ˿ͷؼ棬ˡ
¿ɫͳͤȴûе׷ʡ
ȻСҲء괹ۣԴƣ㡭ٽӴΪ
ͤ׳Ͽ̱ĻսȾתȥ
ͤ󰢹վסȻдżּУĪҪǣҵԼ
Ų΢١
ΣûлͷֻῪڣòѣˡ
.
УȾ˶˯ѵȻ޴档
ڶ꣬ҧ´¸ŵֵŶԣôҵˣ
ͤڣûлش⣺պ㣬ԶһЩ
ǰУȾͷŶһ
˳ĬԣȾȴࡪͤ밢ȣǺʱʶģ
ͤڱ߽ĪǶʶ
ҲԣŰȳΪӣӡˣһǽӣһԭĻʲôԼ
ȾϸȥȴͻȻȡŮ

Ⱦ㶡
ûͤף޸ĸĹŮ񵽺ˡ
Ⱦ˿ΪԼĶĶ˵һֺãҲǷ̻ģ
š
Ӧ
ǷԼ
ʵһ룬Ⱦͣ
δǰҲѻǴΪ޵ĵã˵Ҫôȥ͵ѧװƣһֻ۱һֻۡ
󲻹ͷЩŮӶǹֻͣýȢӣ֮ˡ
ʱԼ֮ԱǣѵҲߵأ
ȾֻĿڶµûţ΢΢üеСӡ
ָǰͣͤ³ٷ
һҪšͤڣˣظЪϢ
Ⱦͷû̧ۿ
꿴򴽺ǰ㡣
Ⱦ̧ģûж롣
Ҳ֪ͤûУȾԼȴ롣
ݺѩ֦ڸʣڱ߽ˣ
ǡ
ѩ֦ţʱ󣬴һλӺ⡣
ӴŻҲ£ϿҲǻ˵ģ·ϻմӲݡ
ŶȾæϵĻң֪СģʲôԸ
Ⱦʵڸʲôģôû
ĻС˲ǺԺвιūΪˣȻؼȴֱ֮ˡ
ԭˣȾͷǰڱ߽ҲȻƣ
ǣСԵĲУֻι
֪ǰһλŮ
ūϸƬ̣λŮģܲһ㣬ūż棬ȷǼǵá
ȾһɣĻʳڣλŮӵĹϵΣ
⡭
ūɫûҳ
һѩ֦ڣ㣬ʵʵǣ֧֧ʲô
ūن£æūֻǵãԴӵ˳ȥӱһֱλаȵŮź򡣡
ź򡭡
仰Ⱦһĳȵס
һǽĶӣһò绨Ů˼䷢ʲô֡
ǰңͤйͨҲӲ黨ǲݡ
ϸ룬й֮˵Ůȥɽƣۣ
ֻǲ֪һˣΪû޳
֪Լú˼룬Ⱦȴֹסȥ
һ룬Щ亹ԭΪԼͤǾʯΪϸǳ˻ͷô򣬰ԧĶˣ
Ҳѹδɻǰͤǰ㲻Լɻ֡
ѩ֦֧ūɫʵǽͷˣ
ȾҡҡͷɫмãȻѩ֦ˡ
ѩ֦źɻشϣҴý
ȾۣЩֻصǰڹ뷿һ㡣
ڣѩ֦˵ǲǲá
ͣѩ֦ȴ³ȾҪ˵ʲôͷŮӵķ˿𵽶
ĪҪ룬СȻģΣū澶Сԡ
Ⱦа˼֣ԹԵͷ˯ȥ
.
ͤʱġ
ʱȾѱ˯ţҹ಻⣬ڴûж
ͤƫ£ƿҪȥ˯ͷŮȴȻת
ȾۣӨ£ڰ׷û˯⡣
ô˯
ǰ﷢£
ȾֱͤԣҪٴοǰسʥϵּ⣬ȢΪޣйڣ
ͤ΢΢ü
긩ɤ⣺ˣ
Ⱦҭסôȸ״
ʲôúڵģ
ڣ罫̯Ⱦҵķ½ӣƹŲ˵òڣ˫ܹ޸Ȼǲڡ
ͤЦˣסŮ󣺡ҵ̫ξǧûò˵ԻɣܹȢǲڡ
껹ͷһ
ȾͷԭƱһݣϵڣҪռĺ²ͤ仰žһݱƣըӰ١
˵ʲôͤǹ
˳䣬ŵ£ĵ¶̵þˡ
ͤĴշת֯УȾ֣סǰ֮˵Ĳ
ͤһܵõ˶Ⱦ֫촭ʱŻ뿪
Ůȴûǰ㺬ߴӵرͷ̴ˮ٣Ҫһӿɺã
ͤ΢´Ȳ˵ס
ⲻںȾץסݣ䣬ӣΪŮ쾭塭
ͷ˵ֳĻ΢΢ηڼ
ϵɢĹâ
ͤջ֣ƽڵͻȻ鷿лйδ
˵䣬ͤվ
ȾҲգת߳Զ
ɲǼ䣬֪Ӻδվ׷ȥ˫סͤȻ˵ȢңΪȴԸң
ͤסûϵ󵨣һʱûж
ߵزȾŮе׵Ժ
ͷ/Ӧأ̼𣬼ϴĺǲɪңѵⲻ䣿
㲻䡭
ͤɤ
ȾѲܲˣץס֡
ָǽڷĴһ㱡룬ȾһĿɤۣȴǲײĲᣬͤǰ
ȻǣǷ͸úúðҲŶԣнȢؼңȴҲĵ
Ӻ춵ϣϷˮĻƣͤԺɲǿհףʶĴΪ
ɱ˲գۣѪӣ˿̾Ҳǰδеľʧ롣
Զ׼Ǳ˰벽
ȾƤһҪȥϧΪʱͤĺ磬˿ƵӦء
Ⱦ֣ͤǸŵȥ׹껳С
ҵһţѾ鿴ȴͤס
ȥ
Ѿסûжɤһ˿ȥ
Ѿæҵ뿪ˣǰš
ͤϵĶȾȴûж
Ů׵ѩֱӺ춵³ĳ̬ûԼĿģϣȻƱȻϲΪʲôҪ㣿
ͤ˰귭ѹסƼס˫
ŶȾܹóѣ޷ǳͤһԲּۿؽϵľɴ˺䣬Ӧʱû
ȾԲۣʲô
ͤûлشֻǽŮ˫ְ˸ᡣ
ɫţʲô㣬·뱻ѵиǺñӡ
̴µĽȾȻʶԼ£ǵ˼㡣
ͤڴߣͷȥЩʱٹ
ڶȾľȻûн⿪
ͤߺﰲֻ©һһδ죬Ⱦ侲
šȻǿͤ
һ뵽⣬Ⱦֺס޲ýԼϺӹ
Ⱦҧ´ûг
źͤһĲپ⽥ǹ⣬Ⱦ˯˹ȥ
.
ٴʱѷǰףȾ˯΢΢Լ仹ţϵ±Լڴ¡
Ѿ߽æԼģǽƼ߶ˡ
Ҳ֪ͤôģ˵˫ֲܻҲûз鷢ۡ
Ⱦ˼룬޷űƿ
߽˳ֽŹϡ
Ųͣ봲齼ԶλãȾͤǽҹȱײʰˤڵ̺ϵĻƿ˹
Ⱦȥûп
ɵڱ⿪Դ룬䡣
Ҫȴ·ù˵
ͤɤƺЩɳơ
ȾɱûӼҲҧˣ۸ԼҧǺõˡ
ûǿԸ˽ȶ˽ֽ·ԡ
ĬΣȾΪͤѾ뿪ˣֺسˮţʥּǰ˷ˣԹڸУһ
ȾȻۣʥϴӦˣʲôʱȥ
Ӧˡͤףùź󣬾һߡ
Ⱦ˵ʲôȴͷ쬵ģԼδ¡
ͤһԲѴϡ
ĶСûдļ
ȾеĺѪ˿³ӦһδߣԭмۣĶ󣬶ʱ˴롪
˵ͤϲֺαչԼϲΪβԼ׽֮£
Ųϲ£Ȱֱɱ˻ܡ
Ⱦޱ飬ګګӦŶ
ѣɻرתȥֻͤһס
ţȾȻûãͤ뾩ʱҲûȥ͡
ѩ֦أȰСαô࣬ӣȥһ̣ԼҲЩ
ȾһȲ裬ɫƮѩ֦ҴǰҲ档
ֱ֪ȵĴڡ
ջ·ָͤؽ˷˴ȫʤصǣҪð֮踣ʥϽҴ͸ȫһˡ
ޣˡ
Ųϡء
Ⱦ롣


36 
Ⱦûȥͤ, ȴһ̬ˡ
ÿ, Ҫյͤš
Ⱦŷ޷ϣûп
ٰݣҪһµ·̣ЩŶѻʮ⣬ѩ֦̲סȰǿҲ޷һͷ˵ʲôҪأ
ѩ֦˵Ҳ޵һõ󣬶ȾЩš
һ⿴ȥͤϵī, ޷˵ԼĴվٰչ˺ԼĪҪ¡
֣дʵ㲻Ϻá
ԭȾǰģͤÿһ, дȴͬצʲ, 㲻𴽽ǡ
֮, ǰ, ԼӦøͤдš
ɸոպīֳ˼
ֻǰݵ·̫ķζͤдŰ, ˵, иû
Ⱦ±ʣֽһ, ֻµûš
ѩ֦ҵʮǶ, ˵пճ棿
.
ϬԼӦ, ȾԼͱ֦÷ˡ
ȾȤ벻һֻ赶ŪĴϴ֣ʱҲȤ
Ϭӣ⣬˱ںôҲ˵ҲעЩ
ڽøǰװȥϬһȲɤӣϲͬЩʱԼĸ·ԡ
Ⱦͷࡣ
ϬȻؿڣ¬˵ʧˣ֪
¬ˣĸȾԭĿڣɲʱѹ˵ģȢλӣ
а⣬ȢܿΪãʿյĿ
ֹ֪Щ֪λܿ㣬ʵȣԼвɸ˵Ĺϵ
Ⱦиһ˿ɬɫ˵ʧˣô£
ô£Ϭȥ¬׮ʱ֪ıܿ㹴ϣ˼ĸԣǵýȢ
ºˣܿʧ˵¬˲ﱻЦҪ͢ϵͬŵ˵Ϊٵ𣬸㲻ǿŮΪޣܿ㲻ӣɱ˲ʬ
Ⱦ㶳Լⷬﲻ̫ԡ
ϻ¬丮У԰ضɰԲã¬˸еӣòûôŮӡ
ֻЩĲ²ˣȾû˵
Ϭ˻ڸԺȦһùźϬ뿪
.
գȾյͤš
ϵݵЩͬԭѾ˰ݣ˵صˮ˲Ϊݣձܽ塣
ϵǰĳ˵Ѿڻؾ·ϡ
ȾҲ֪Լø˻ǲˣڳǰͬԼ˵Щڽòģ˺룬»ضθǡ
ɺɣܲͤԸ
Ҳ֪ؾðѾʧֻʲôӦ
ǰ̫࣬գȾ˯öȡ
ҹòۣȴͷ죬ӿ䣬űƿ
ѩ֦첽ߵǰ²ˡ
Ⱦۣ£
߻ͷ˴Ϣڻؾ;У·꽭ʱβˮ൳͵Ϯˡ
ȻһˮԭֲѵĶȾ´ȴֻѩ֦ԼЩڵء
أʵ
֮˾ͺ⣬ȾҴһѣһһʮ棺С˷ߵ֮ؾ֪¡
ͤ˵ÿأȾҲԼ
ĻӱһдأҾϴҽΣû֮ǡ
á˻š
Ⱦ˿ŽƸǰ£ǱһǺεʹ
Ůüͷ
ǵãյţͤлû˵ӡ
ȾǷŷŷͷּջҪʲݵöࡣ
ָˣҪǿд߻ֻԼһֱڹ
ѩ֦Ⱦһ̲ɼһȥ꽭򡣡
ǡѩ֦ԥū˵꽭ٰ֮ԶҪȥҲ˵̫ξ֪үͷһ
ֻǵ֪Ҿ߲ˡȾͷϣȥ˱
ѩ֦ͨһˡū澲ܴóȻԶţǳ˲ô죿
ѩ֦ҴӦԵѾҲ֨½ߣʲô⡣
ֲ£ؾͷϢҲ˹
߽Ժ㳯ʵ˵Ҫȥ꽭
ǡȾͷۼηĵ£ֳȰ
˭˵ҪȰˣɫأҡҡͷʰͬһȥ
ؾһ޷˵ʲôѩ֦׼Ⱦ
һʱ䣬׼ĶҴұá
ײãȾؾ֮Ӧӣ˸Գһȵʱ򣬵ִˮ·ջűϣŻһ
ּ˵ȲϵԺգһҴǴ´࣬Ⱦؾסһ䣬෿ָеˡ
ȾƽͷسĿͷҹ˵ֻˮ·
տʫг˴Уֻʫ黭⣬˴·ʱžѰ
ס봬ͷһ䣬ǾͷۻǿŲûŻ
һգѩ֦Ȱ˵ȾҲԲ¶
ЩʱؾһںҩȾһȥ˯žúࡣ
꽭յ·̣ȵļ٣ȴҲûбķӣֻڴߡ
߳ţȴؾڿϵļװϣȻһʹ
нУ𣿡Ⱦ̲סʡ
ע⵽úЩˣ
ȾͷŻشǰĻǵҪܵЩľ
ֳͷʵǺܲͬ
ͤضὫʱ˷Щϡ
֪ؾڣϰ䣬Ȼкܴͬ
ͬйءȾ˵ڱֳ߽ȴھǡ
δע⵽Լ˵仰ɫмȻ
Ȼڣ˵ֻӣ
ȾͻȻʲôȴʵʵϣǡ
ҿΣؾֻӣһܹţ׬ȡǮܶլԺ𣿡
ʲôֵ⣬˵ȾȱǮǶƣͷȻˡ
ֻԽ׬Խ࣬гһգ㺦Լ޷Լȡλãֻô죿
Ⱦ
ؾЦſڣʵѣֻҪֻҪĶҪЮͿˡ
磿
Ⱦʡ
硪ĺӡ
ؾ˵ƵᣬȾͷһԼ˹
˵ģǵĽ޶ˡ
ؾԸڹѧҽǱʥƺ⽫޵ʣսûõļֱֵų
ǡڶȾʥ˵мӣȴҲһλľ
ʵ󣬱¾
вͷؾѾͣһ׵СڰţȻϹˡ
˭֪ؾȡ·ŻؽС
ʵֳǵôַˣ
˭˵ڵ㣿ؾʣˮ̳ܲʲôĲҩ
Ⱦע⵽ԱߵͲϣ̯һѴˮӰ˵Ķ
ؾ䣬ܣɫһ꣬ɯȽ̵ĹЧ
ɫһ꣬ҩģǿ㡣
أȾָָаǣǲҲҩ
Ҳؾҡͷռġ
ռ
Ⱦ¡
׻ǸСûãͻָȡ
ؾΣ͵ֻһ飬޷ռ
ŶȾʧ䡣
ؾ˶٣ִȡһöȱĹ֪ʲô
Ⱦʵûʲôòģõúܣǳд٣һ˳ԴΨ
¡µĺǴʦҺͷԵ˵Һ춨Եֳ֣Ҳ
ؾЦЦ㵹ʶˣռı£ںǴʦǶѧġ
˵գöڼװϡ
أǣɫĪ⣺þ׻Ǽ
Ⱦ
Ǵǰܺԥشй֮룬ǺǴʦˡ
˵ǶԵģҲδܳȥ
ô˲ĲǸգȥ״Ԫ಻ɣ
ˡɫ㱣ؾЦ⣬Ҳʣ飬ȻǴ󼪵Ե
.
꽭򣬵С
ϦԵ񻨴룬г£ֽдʲô
Ȼű졣
ͤڡ
߽ĲǱˣǰڰˮϮ߻ӡ
͵ܻڸдţ߻һ³ʲô
ͤûӦĬĻ
⡭߻ԥ˫֡
лֱ˵ǡ
ͤûп
ڱԼ׵ĳǰ߻ԼҲңɵһУͤıġ
߻ɤӣʵ͵ţдҲ޷
ӣǺ⣿
ҡûԵ˼߻æ͵ʵ֮£˵ٰǴţʱ򣬵ӦѾҪ
ͤȻΪδ˿̲˵
͵֪˵ǰأҲ㿹ȥżæ˵дš߻ӵתãҵǽˣյֳ˼Ӽš
ֳҲˣ
ˣˡ߻ϲ˵ֳҲǴظҽһ
ǺʱᵽͤûдĻֻʵ
šٹʱִܵջš
δ䣬ͤѳͷȥߵ⣬͵ͣ½Ų
ûлͷ󣬵ĪҪ¡
.
꽭ջűϣٽ޽ĿջС
ͤվڴߣɫް
߻ǰͰͺһԣ͵ܿɿΦϹŲʴĴͷӺֳˡ
̾͵Ǻø˵ˣҹҪҼǸĸϻ
¡ͤڣشĻ徲徲
߻û˵ʲô
ߵĴǽĿʱȴҪЩʱա
ԼĪһʱ䣬ͣ˰ߡ
ͤڴ̨˫֣ս˼֡
˳ǰͷǸȷؾ
ŮȣǶȾ˭
ŮͷϻñǲԸƼ
Ȼһ紵ۿɼػ˻Ρ
ȾҲһΣЩˤȥ
ؾּۿ죬ֽס
ֳɩɩˣ߻Ӳ̾͵һңǺ


37 
ִֻ꽭, ֮ʣͷʯ̨, ˻Ρ
ȾȲߵͷ޷Щʧȥ׼ͷ
ؾһѣŮվΡ
ñµŮ΢΢ͷлֳ
òؿ
ؾᲽϰߣֻعͷȷ϶ȾŮĲ°Ȼء
ʱһλŸɾСӭǰʶλ˿ɾӵֳ
ûȾƬҲȲæʵˣΣ
ɷ, ƺתֻ񴵲÷磬¥Ͽջǣλ
⻰Ⱦ̧ͷ߿ջ¥Ͽȥͷ, п, Ҳйϴ, ȴûͤӰ
ʧ, ְҡͷ̫ļˣȻС˶˵ͤ÷磬վڴ鴦Լ
żϿջ¥, Сͣһǰλ, Ӻߵ¶ͷ
˵գ̧ߵ췿š

˵֮, ȾϤ
ǰ಻ס, ƿš
ͤվ, Թһ衣
էһۿȥȷܹ˵ˣȾȴã뾩ʱͤƺࡣ
ԭϾ㹻ɵۣ¸
һ̧֣¶ݾ͹ǽڷָ
ԼĪǽӣһ·ϳ˼ҹ˳ǰȾǰ궯˶
̧ͤۿ˶ٺֽĿƵؾϣֳҲˣ
ԼҵܵˣΪֳв֮ؾ
Ϊӣմ㲻ʲôΪһŮӣδˮûˣû
ͤеĲյ֡
꿪ڣȾΪ⣺ֳ˵ԹʵЩֻǰЩʰˡ
ͤѷвյ߹
¡ס󣬡㡭һ·ܿˡ
⻰˵ãһ˵ȾջѹĽź͵ڴ˿̷ȫӿ
˲ûڳͤУסˣǾһ£˵ɣҵСӺˡ
»ãͤʲô¡Ⱦȥֻˮµ
ͤһԲĺ󱳣ںС
һ߻̲סѣĪҪٿˣ͵ܼϻɴֻ壬һ˿ѿ
Ⱦγѣ̧ͷΣ
˵ţֳͤ˿ڴȥ
ȻˣָܿĴֻסֵֻҵѴã㲻صǡ
ȻͤǲԸ
ȾⰵҲ֪²ʱͬ߻񣬸лЩʱնͤշ֮
߻ȴҡͷ˵ʲô͵ܾˮŶԣ˴󣬴Ȼ˵
ٰԶĶû飬ȵУѱڵķˣֻ
Ⱦʳ࣬ټ۳Ͷ٣ûθڡ
ڴ˴ƹоۻǰض࣬ȷ¿볡Ҳ޷ֻ֪ͬһȻصͷ
.
ȾסķͤڣڳбϣһûһͻȻλСѾţ˵ŵġ
һţѩ֦𻰣θڲãžͲˡ
ǡСѾ߳ɵӷŷԸū͹ġ
ͤģȾʱӴȻˣǾͶ˽ɡ
ûϢ΢Լһ£ܳ˵ڣȾͰյɻȥ
СѾѽݣʳеļʳϡ
磬ζ˽ʲô⣬˿˿Ƶ⡣
ʱѩ֦ҲȰЩҲãū澿Ĺź
ź
ȾĲ汻
ͤԼ裬£ΣҲúúóԷ
Ⱦ߳䣬¡
꽭ֻǸСط䷽ϯʳԶȲϾǷʢźȵСʳȴٰ
״ɵźƬڷţÿһƬźճǽϸɹ𻨡
֮⣬һڵĺ춹һСɾµɽ髸⡣
ȾףǳЩ춹ִźҧһڡ
Ŵʱڴݼ߿
춹еҲ壬ټϿθɽ髸⣬ԭθڲѵ֪˰뱥
´ףȾû⡣
ʱڼ䴫ƿĶӦͤùŻˡ
ϵĴ̳˻񣬻û뵽ҪҪȥȴ졣
µĵӳݸӰȾл֪ʣ˭
ݳŹͤڣҡ
Σ˻ǷޣҡȾŽҵС˼һ밢֮䣬ֻԼһأ
ѩ֦ᵽ룬Ŵ򿪡
ͤƳϣù룬΢ɲ˿סϰߣ
šȾͷ˴
ǰٰʱ֪ͤ˵ϢȾһֻ뱼ԣûд󰭣Ψɫ԰Щԡ
ͷûƼͤƺڵ˵Щʲô
ֱιͤ˰ߵǰȡһֻãԭصٰ͸㣬ˡ
Ⱦ̧ۣʲô
һֻӨף̬Ĵáֻ䣬ͨͨ˫ۣģΩΩФͽֻΨһ𣬾Ǽٵġ
ָ޳ݾֻǰûж
Ⱦͷһ˿ɬͤȻϲԼûֺαЩŪҵİϷģ
ԸһֱԼùĺȡ
ϲ
ûеȵӹĶͤʵ
ǡˣȾûеڴ˿ʸףֻֽ˹лϲ
ˡ
һֻɶ겻ܲײ˿֣
ܵŵĶȾ۽޲˲û̧ۣɫˣˣȻطЪϢɡ
һ仰˵衣
ͤԭҪ˿ָڰյС
λ⹴ճŮɵıǼ⣬ķ۴
ջ֣ճȭãҲЩЪϢ
תţ߽ڵ޷УѾʵϴˮոշźã䲻ȣӿҪϴ壿
ۣ֪ͤˣȳȥڴź򡣡
λƧϴ;ʱϲź򣬼ѾǶԴʮûٶʲô½˳ȥ
ŴؽͤߵԡͰϡ
֣ˮᴥ
ˮȣͤûмϴ塣
ⲽԣ£ֻһСϵ׷
ͤײϲ飬ȴ⣬ȫע·Ȼ⡣
̼𣬺ȴûаͤ𽥽û֪ҳĶЩٶۡ
ϣûжʱͿѹס³ʲôˡ
ֱ͸һʱ
ͤڷƫԡͰԡ
ˮһѣԼ˽˽ȥ

Ⱦʱѵġ
ԺŲҴңƺ˼ææؽ
ĴϺõĳУײԼƽ˯Ŵ˯òȣĶʱ˹
ӴȾȿ˷ڴͷİ״һֵۣѩ֦ʲôˣ
ѩ֦ҲǸѣæ£ҵȵȣūȥͷ
ܿ죬ȥѩ֦ͻˣɫأ˵ҹ˷纮ղˡ
ʲôȾ˲æͷȥ
ôȥͤö˶˵ġԣǴνɽ۾ֿóʲô
ͤǰվ˲ˡ
Լϳµй߻ӣΪؾ
ΨȾˣġ
վڼ˺ͷɫ׵һֽ˫أԶ
Ȼһ룬ͤ궯˶ƺ˵ʲô
ؾԭüͤ˵ĻЦõþҪҲȺ˵
ȾվԭأҲҲǣֻګګʵ֪Σ
ؾջ֣ûˣ̫ֻȥǵպͿɣҲ֪ô£ǡ
δ䣬һսսڣ֪Ӹҽβźã¹ɵóĵط
ȷҪ鷳ˡؾڣдҩͷ˾ҵҩġ
˵ţؾתԣдһҩ
æȥ
ʱȾѲߣͤ䴥̵þˡ
Ҫջ֣۵ȴƸ֪Ϣ׼ȷסǽ
ͤĶͷ̵ģȴһƬ䡣
һأȾ괽ʲôӡ
ͤƺʱ򣬶ǽС⡣
ȾɬǺ޲ýǰ֮ҡѣݺݵͤȻ֪ӣ뾿Ϊʲô
ֻվûȵؾԵ·ԸղˣԼĪ˲ٺ֪ģǲˣҲãҪͷɾѡ
Ⱦһ㶣Ӧ
˶뿪ŷƽͷһؿЦãֺγǣ
Ϊ˲̫ˣȾѾҲ֧˳ȥֻʣԼͤˡ
ƿӣֻͤ£ѡ
Ⱦ֣̽ųϵȥȴ׽ס
ȥ
Ѱ˯Уü
Ⱦһҡ
ǲģʣҲ𣿡
ֶֻ˶٣򵥵һ仰ȴҪµþȫ˼㡭Ȼ
Ⱦ¶Щâ
˭֪ͤһתá㡭ȥ
ڼʧһ仰֮䡣
Ⱦ˿
Σͤ·˵ܲһͿ
һһᣬһֳֻϮȥ
ȻոճͤһסĶ
ȥ
һأƷǰºͣͤж˼ǿӲһ˿ײġ
ȶȾϸⰧӺζű졣
ѩ֦λѾߣ˵Ǵһ·ϸźӵģū澷ź򡣡
иѾߣ
õҲʱ
Ⱦûǿ󣬶ǷԸѩ֦ɡ
űƿλѾ˽ߵǰ񣺡ū澼Ӻ
תݺ֪ΪΣȾĪмֶ졣
ѾйվΣֱ
ʯ䣬Ⱦɴۣ㣿ǡ
ȴĻūѰɡ
ǰİȣھʱкܴͬ
ٰУһʱĻǴķˣȻʱʱ̶̿ˣƲĿ⡣
ͷĨ˲㲻֪ʲôȥɫҲͱòôۡ
ϲȾȴһ۾˳
ȻŭؿֱüģȾͷԼЦԭˡǰһɻ󣬷ϲ˴мʱ˭˿ڣԭˡ
治ɫʲôиõӰú˵
ȻվǸûŶԡ
˵գͷҲصﳤȥ


38 
ƼȾһӷ߳, ѩ֦æӭǰôˣ
ѩ֦Ůһſڣ, Ҳǻȥɺã
ôŶСѩ֦˳ĻҲõūȥźóҲ١
šȾصͷ־ᡣ
Ͷ˸߳ûķȴͻȻ˴򿪣ֻȵ
Ⱦûлͷֻÿ첽׷ǰū澺ӵĹϵ, βֱͬ
ԭ͵ޣ仰̧ۣҲɵӣÿ
΢΢һЦվŲū澵ȷһ֮, ֻ½չ, ԶҲ޷֪ࡣ
ࣿ
಻ͤϷˣˡ
Ⱦҧҧ´ǡ̫
أת, ٴγͤȥĲԼ, ƾʲôҪ
ȻȵҳҪͬͤ˵ףûԼ, ˺ǡ
δ߽, ͷѴѹֵĵͿ
ȾŲһ٣ܿӲĳ, ߵǰ
˵, ҶǵĹϵ, ҲŶԡ̧ͷûпͤǷ˵˵ȻϿֺ֮αȢң
⡭ͤĿղǰŮЩ
ȾͷûĻվԭûж
֣ͤס󣬽ǰһ
ȻڲУϵɲС޷ĶȾʧȥ׼ͷ׹ͤС
мŵҩζɲ
ͤԸԳָᴥӣŮü仮۽ǣͨβˣ
ʡȾ༥ſ
ͤȻûзţǽǰ֮ø
ȾƲͼ껳ѣȴ޼¡
ͤ䴫һƺߣ⵱ѩ׵±Ⱦ죬Ӧϵ˿ִѿ
ȾһţӲҵġ
ǣȫҵġͤȫȻоʹס֣һʼҾͲ㡣
ԣȾиһĨԳǰǵңͬȲһԣֺοôΪ涼Ҫ
ͤ˱ۣ˵Ĳ
ʲô
ȾɻͤѴ֣ⲻһǡ
ȾЩЦͤҿ֮֮ȥǰǻôָˣ
ͫ۶᲻գ
ӣ档
ɶ֮䣬վҪ㴰ֽ
ѵӲɹΪβ˽
ͤʵ
ȾʣùΪʲôأǻҲ뿪
ͤҲû׷ʣǴ֣Լ䡣
겱ϸ޳
ɱ˻ҪȾ޲óô˻
ͤؿڣѵӲΪӣΪȴûк᣿
㡭Ⱦסˡ
δ⣬ֻͤЩϸֹûкᣬҲð
ȻȻΪΪͤϲ࣬Լøɸɾ
һ˼ȾͤӲԼǰϴ
ʯ䣬Ⱦ˴𰸣ſڣ㡭̫ࣿ
ȿȡͤȵø
ƽϢ꿪ڣⲻ롣
ȾҡͷѾûȥ룬òӣֱӸұǡ
裬ͤⰵ˼֣ŶȾںֻֻƣ㡭ǲ𣿡
̫࣬ʲô
ȾһͷˮͤȻڣ⣬ҺһͬΪŮӡ
ǡһʯ쾪ȾȻգۣ˵ʲô
ʱͤ䡣
Ⱦ֪ȻͤԼʲôܲԣΣ˵Ůӣĵȷȷ˵ͨ
ͤɿ֣򴽣¶ʲôģǻš
ˣ
ȾԪλǶĻͤϷŪңѵܺ棿
ɿ˺ü
ŮҪӣͤʹ֧ϰ⣬˵
ðȾպڰ׷УȻʧȥǰ֮ˣҾҪ˵ʲô
ͤһʱ
ĿϸϸѲŮ滨ϣѿյ
Ȼ֪ˡ
ͤٿȥۣǧﻯһ䣺ҵĲԡ
ǡ
ʱֿˡ
ȾӲֱۣΎɣͤԸδʶ㡣
أתҲȥ
⣬Ȼڵ
ȾģһĻĪյܣĪҪˣӿ֮ݡ
òѡȾ俪ڣѩ֦ߡ
ŮŲɿ죬˦
û˵ʲôֻ̾˿߽
ͷڼ⣿
ʧˣûô᲻ǿҲáߵݣˣū㻻°ɡ
ȥͤۿڴͷûп
ӡ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôͤȻϣȣĪҪǽյһУ˭ġ
еĺðȲɴ˸Ȼѹǣūˡ
.
޷Уѩ֦ʰĶȾҪߣ
ûھߡȾͷҲ̧Уӽ󣬲ٽ
ǡѩ֦δģûжԣԵȣūʰ
ءȾȥ˱ԼʰС
ѩ֦ȥˣֻ¶Ⱦһ
ʱĶͲֻ࣬ǼʱͤȲˣҴһڴͷδüʰ
Ⱦϣȡ´֮ʣ֪ߵͷʲôӲ
ѵǶˤڵأһصĴɰס
Ⱦͷȥ㶣Ǻҹͤһֻдİ״ӣ㽫ַڴͷ
̬ĴȻķѣͨͨ۾͸ż޹ǲԼΪλ֡
ȾţԽ߹ȥ
ܿ죬ѩ֦ѽ˱ѶˣһЦ֪С˸кдܣϰߣ
޹ءȾͷֻԼŻȥˡ
⡭ΪѣòᣬóȻ뿪
߰ɡ
δ˵꣬ͤ
Ⱦһûлͷ
ȴѻߣ㡣
ͤ£ȥҡҡ׹ȴʼǿһ
·;ңԶ²ʱ򣬶Ⱦûоܾӷġ


39 
꽭ʱ, Ⱦһĵͤۿ, ôе÷ͺڵڹࡣ
꽭ٰ˳˳ˮ˼δѣѾ˾ǡ
еַУȴܾƸŲʲô
ͻȻˡ
ع߳, ŷָٰ
Ⱦ㶣ͷӿϿɬǰУԼѲ̫ξĶС㣬ǽ
Ҳ, Ȼˡ
Ů, Ը, Һܿͻ
˵, ѩ֦Ĳ߽С
ŷһϲʤūż
һ, ƵسȾȥظ, ȴӵӰô£
ŷĥ, ȾԶ
.
СԺ, ƽ︺ʳɨµСѾ׽ж, æеҴӭԺ⡣
һ꺮ů
ɶˣūȥЩʳ
۳Ͷ٣ˣݺū硣
Ҫϴ壿ůһůҲǺõġ
ǳԼΪȾֻ쾭壬
УȴֻÿЦ
վǲ֪飬ȾûǨŭЩСѾϣȴҲϾӦأǶȥѩ֦һ˾С
ԼͻȻظҪݷãַԸһ˵ˣݲ͡
ѾԾ㿴ңҿ㣬ѻȸ˳ȥˣֻͶˡ
ȾվͥԺУǳǳ¡
£ҲŪԺĻԣǳ֦ѿۿɰȴҲҲǰľ
ѩ֦Ⱦڣʰɣ컹ûڣЩؼȥ
ǡѩ֦ûж˵ʲôͷ纮ȻЪţūȥʰ
˳ļױȾ޵ָʱʲ࣬޷İλȹѡ
ЩڷĶѩ֦
Ⱦԣһʰ񣬺һҪ¡
߽ңڿ滨ľ¡
Ⱦڴ˴޷£дϼʫ
ղͬĥīֽ̿㣬ʣ֣µд֡顣
īֽϸɺԣȾȴ㶡
֪޺룬Ҫһֽȴͷȥд
Ů򴽣ȥѧϰֻԹӲͷ޾ʱֹ
Ǽһ仰֮ͣʣȾȻģ
ͤĵȷȷƭҲȹԼ
ֻԼβȫд顣
ǷԵԵѶϡ
Σ
ͬΪŮӣעӦãҲܳΪޡ
Ⱦ˼ƽѵʡ
صλӾ֮
ڽ׮Ե͸˽ᡣ
¶һ̣Ⱦǰδеɣתۼֽϡ
ֻβ˼һŻд
Ըٵüżء
ȥ
±ʣѩ֦ʲô߹ľϻҲҪһߣ
ݵСľϻѩ֦Ҳ֪ͷʲôԲŻʡ
ȾǳϦͷգͤ͸Լĵ䣬µĴ
Ȼ˼׵ûдߵĵ
ҡͷء
֪ͤڴ˴պҪѰ²󷽱㡣
Ⱦ߽䣬ӶлһСԿףԸѩ֦ȥأҽԿ׻ϻӣ͵ɩǶȥ鷳ӻظ󣬽תϡ
ѩ֦ܿͰ£ֻˡ
ʱɫδȾֽͭһֽѹԵĲʺͷƺҲ֮ߡ
Ůƽһ̾ϢûУ߰ɡ
.
ָصθʱɫѺڣŹָĵ
ŵСƼѩ֦ӳѩõĶȾ
С㣿Сסôˣ
һλС˻ö࣬æүͷ˿ţūȥǡ
Ⱦûжԣֻ̧ͷܡҶɣʯʨȻߴϣʱûб仯
ȵͷȥʱȾİ֮СЩˣӦҺġ
ɽ辰˸λڷţ·ԹƱµʽ
Ҳ֪ֻ˵Щʲô
Ⱦ𼸷ֲƻصͯʱͷ˻Ҫʰ̯ӡ
֪ߵ⣬ȴ鲻ǰ
ʲôǰŴ򿪣ηվǰżһԾͳٰҵԼеԭû
ȾͷһᣬܲУǰŮˡ
ԭڵĶηŮˮʪͷüô£ּС۸ˣ
Ⱦҡͷҭ
δҲ߹ϸϸŮһ飬ȷ˿޵ЩûԵĲԾſڵվſڶ䣬Ƚ˵
ﶼǷ˵ζȾĨҶˡ
ٰ꽭һһأգùĶˡ
꣬ȾͷҲ̧ؿʼԶ
η˿ŭգ͵վͷȥ
δæסҪʲô
ȥʡηЦּĪǵԲ𲻳ɣʮ»̥ŮģʱּСӴӦõǺ
η˲˵ãһͤԭѾĵĶȾִӹ䡣
ڵǰҲﻹ׷캿ޡ
ԭֵòɿķ޶ηοŮ
δҲ⣬תԸˣôȥԸЩС㰮ԵĲʽ

ţȾһʱ
Ա㣬۾̧˯дϡ
޶˼ģҲ׷ʲôֻɶη˽ͻشǰסСԺۿŮ˯¡
ŰβǶȾ꣬רɾܹɽ졣
ɻشϣһֵ˯ޱȰģһҹΡ
˵ڶ峿һֻ֦㴥ᴥգȾۣڴͷס

ɤؿڡ
ɫмƣȾʲôû˯ⴲǰ
ͬʸô˯ţηףָʲôί
ҡ
ȾҪֲ֪δ
ͤŮȾܣԼĪȫ֪ҲһֶֻùʥҲá
ǴȥĪ˵ݣȥ¶ʥϵ׷۾֮ﲻ˵뽫й׵̫ξҲù
ȹͷȾӾתǰδеؿ졣
գգۣɻǵãСʱڻ±ū°һأҵ˭


40 
Ⱦǰ׮, ηɫмֶݡ
סŮֵ֣㵱ʱһǺӲɣǽĶӶã
Ⱦһ, ΪεʱҪԼûи˵ա
ηȻŮЩʲôʵ֪ͤŮӣǵ̫
ƮƮһ仰жȾɵۡ
Լµʲô׵ʱңΪ˺ͽӣ
ηӣοЦⳤ˲٣˵, Ҳͷĵ
˺͵ʺãͤؾ±㶼֪ʺŵŮ, ǽ̫, ʥҲ˵ġ
ͤŮӵ, Ϊ˲̫
·ڴǰ, Ⱦδػ׽Ϊλȴ߳ɡ
󽫾ѫպգ͹, δزʥϵĲ¼ɡǵŮٳΪ̫, ʻŽһͣȥٹ, ֻ, ǻʼҵжд̡
Ůװ, ܺùУڵʼ֮䣬ÿչþսս
еϵȾ󱳾һ㺹
ΪˣҺ֪׺ΪľսͤУÿһı
ʱգˣȾԻм˿ʹ
װûˣηȴȥǧ㣬ͷ㻹Ƿɣͬ׺˺£ǵģ
Ⱦ򴽣ӾȹʲôҲǰС
ηŮƫּ̻ꡣ
Ĭ˰Σû˵ʲô˵ͤ꽭
šȾӦ
ǵҿ˵η˵Щӣͺڸסţ³μǼСӵĴϲ֮ա
ȾĬĬ£³ֻʮա
ôŸң
ԭǴվ˵ָ֪㣬˭ҹ޵ذؼˣôˣ޵ûСһ캿أѽ
ŮҹǰģηǺЦͷ£ȻˣǾʲô룬¶еڡ
šȾͷů⣬˫ֻס׵ͬʱͷ
ûͤԼĵá
.
ʮղ첻ظѹǵصϲ
ȾǵãǰԼʱҲĳ档
ͷðѸٽѹȥͬǼСͶϣܱͤȵġ
ô򣬵ͷˮһա
νǿŤĹϲ𣬹ȻǲԣԿǰ
ѩ֦ʳ߽ձǶүӭ׵ӣҪļѣ
ȾڴԣͷҲصɣЩľС
ѩ֦Ĭ̾˿ǰԼҹϲױģÿնҪƯƯĲУû뵽Ҳеµʱ
ӣϸҲӦô꽭صٰ˲ŶԣΪγٳûжĪǵ
.
Ⱦʰޣ˵ڶգѩ֦ȴһ⻪˵ȹ
ʯȹȹڴ֣ĵŮ
ѩ֦ԭٸȾžԼȴؿڣ鷳˫پͺá
ǶȾֹʱķʽݲѩ֦û˵ʲôֻ
ױãǰݵĴУַǷȾɫǰɹٵĴ컨λ͵ϲǺò⡣
֮УȻҲϳ
Ⱦվû䱻ᳶ¡
عͷλмԲС
ν㡣ɤ𿣬Ǻóʱûˡ
һڣȾԷ˭̫ʦҵСŮ졣
ʫϼϸȷд겻
Ǻþò
ȾתСƺ˲١
ν㻹òֱڿ죬˵Ҫˣ
ȾЦ΢͡
ûв͸ǽͤݣֻ´ھд顣
ԵıͰûжʣһСȴǲںЩ
Ⱦͷ
ͤ˺룬ѵеڶ·ɣ
˫һãֳ֪δȢ»Ƕϧֳʥ볯У޷磬һҲǺõġ
Ⱦ£˵ֳǷǱ
ûж룬ҡͷҺͷӣȻǲܡ
Ϊβܣ췴ʣȷӺ룬ͰδȢŮδޣһԣ
Ⱦʵƿԡ
ûͤзǱķƺҲǾŮ֮õ¡
ȴǾĿڴտ䣬ﻹ˼ȥˣ
˵ǣȻžı𣬶Ⱦ˴ӵгͷȥ׼ǰǸӭȢӡ
ΧŮ춼Χȥ֣ȾûԷʻܶҲԼҶȥˡ
ɹӭ׵ĶųֺƺԶҲصԼСԺУֱʱǰԺģӦӽӻˣ߳ȥ
裬أʽƶλ˾Ҫ붴ⶸȻһɤӣʥּ̫ξ詽ּ
ʱ䣬ͣѻȸ
ּ̫󣬻ִĽԼĪʮˣ벽ǡưĺѹ
Ⱦһ˿ԤУƵͶ翴ȥҲãȻȻûϵ˿̡
һ죬ٶɻ󣬶ȾҲֻվ󣬺ɩȥ
̫ǻԲչʥּˣʵگԻ̫ξȨŪ˽ﲻˡѳֶθǰظó룬մˡ
Ⱦͫ⧲һֻǰͷĸûжԣּ
վʥּӹ䲻͹ֻּǳһҪʡ
δ˵˵޷
̫໹ǺĿǣĽҲȦһ˵ġ
¹ٶӴ֮ϲǰصıڶָ֪࣬úȥδӣ
̫ɨһصˣͷʾÿһ
ʱ䣬Щ⣬ǰֺسȥ˰֣ԼҲ
ֻЩͬΪٵˣôάż棬ͬ詹֣ת뿪
Ǻһ⨺ɢĳ档
ȾȻ̧ۣаԴ⸸׾Ƿ˺εȴʥϣʱּ⸮
û뵽λ̫ۼƵӴҲأ
Ⱦûڣվ͹ǣͷˡ
Ļ̫ūҲǷ°ˡ
ȾĽҲ֪δĵ֪֪Ҹ¡
⣡
̫ξæĻ
λ̫Цδ˺αļҲǹ˼ҡ
˵ţֳȾҷģ壬ǣʥϲһУжᡣ
û˵ʲôŷ뿪ֻ½θء
һ׮ֵĻ£תۼ³
Ⱦһ£ȺһźͷĶɩûסľսĨᡣ
ռ޹£Ҳġ
ȾҪǰοȴȰ£зڣ㶨ᰲȻ
ȾŲͣԭء
δ̾ڰֵɢˣظȥɡ
.
ʥɱضθûû˸ҿ˿ʲô
ǲҲʲôûһˣţ˯˯ֻͳЩ
ȻڴȾȴʹƺĿڴҹ˯ʱҪѩ֦ů֡
ϣҹϨƺδۣȴСʯӴڴϡ
ΪԼˣ˭ֱ֪ߵ졣
ȾȷԼû֪ģûлѩ֦Լ´ǵߵǰƼһӰ
Ⱦͷһæ򿪡
ƹճԷģȾʧϬ
ôңѲʧˣţϬѶɵطݣϵĻҡ
ͷѩ֦ỽʮ
ѩ֦߹ȥϣū澵ͷš
ϬǺ˿ڲɤӣЩǽǸصøͭǽƵģҺùһǵи
էһȾ־ϲͷôʥô˵Ҹײ°ɣ
δ˵ãµ̫ӣڶĽڶС
ȾȻ̫ӣ
ļУ̫޹޹ºͣȻҲ£
ˡ
Ⱦ૵
˭뵽˵ͬ߻ʱйءϬֻٶģҲˡ
㸸̫һֻ³û˲һʣû⵹̫ӵˣ˵нͷͤҲù
˵꣬Ⱦзţϵú뻵޹ء

Ϭ˶٣̲סֵ⣬û㵱˼ϲҪҪҲϣͤ㲻죿
Ⱦ򴽣ͬϬõ㣬Ȼ֮£Ҳ޷ͬ
֮ʣֱ죺ȡ
ϬվͷʲôϾͳ
ŤͷȾҾרһۣûʲô£¼Ȼ棬һʮĻӻͷأ
ȻʮĻҲһˣ
Ⱦæ͡
ϬƿԴߵûÿЩҲ㡣
ʮĻֺõĿǣҾվýס㡣
˵䣬Ϭվȣת˰֡
ϾʮĻڣȾߵֻ̫ĿŶ˵ӰʧںڰС


41 
Ϭð踶Ҫ͵͵, ȾĲ滺ࡣ
̫ξĴųȥСԺ֮Ҳ߶, ƽдʫַˣȾҲȥ԰ߣɩԼСԺжġ
ѹʱƼӰЩԼ¡
գͬɩɱֻСѾððʧܽˣˡ
£
תѾվ˸ǰϴϲɫ, С㣬ͷЩҪˡ
ģԣȾﻹ˵壬վ߳ȥ
˭֪յԺţײӭĶν
硣Ⱦûע⵽ɫ, ˵ˣ
ǡνӦ, Ⱦ˳Ҫͷ, æѹ, ĪҪˣ˵̫ްˡ
ʲô
ȾȻ
䣬νҲͬͲ, ֻöȾԹԻصԼ, ȺϢȥ
Ⱦסѩ֦ҴӺųȥ, ͷкβһ
ʱ, ѩ֦ˣ, ЩȻǳˣūֵͷߣٱǵؽֵ̹űջҲ֪ʲô¡
̫ȥҲ˵ͨ
ȴɥȻǲֵġ
Ⱦ¸ңֻӵȵգ̫ް֮£ͷѴ˾֪
λֳѱУȾ֮У޷ֻ֪̫࣬Ŵ˴̫ްţĽУΪ֤׷Ծ
֪Ϣǿ̣ȾԺһѣ滨ϣĵһ˿⡣
̫ӷ޶˴ν࣬Ԫգǻһְֽͤ
ʶԼ𲻸ˣȾæס˼
λСѾߴС㣬ƫͷŷ˵λ㣬š
ˣ
ʱ˭
СѾһһ۴˵ǽĴˡ
ˡٽ㣿
ȾվŲ˶٣˻ȥ
ǽˣ޷ͬͤйء
Ⱦۣһһ˵̫ӴɥΪٻ֮Ů͡
ǡСѾӦ£ִӻȡһ˿ŵʲλ˵ǲҲҪūǽｻϡ
Ⱦѩ֦ӹչһԭһֻӲӵĽ䣬ͤǰԼ´֮
Ⱦ۽޲һû뵽㲢ûнתͤϡ
˵ˡСѾֵʣµֻصúܣūǴֻ֣Խϲŷġ
˵ģͤĸ
վԼ鷳Ⱦòٴ߰ɣȥ
.
У̫ξƫͣ۵
ҹһ꣬ɪɪУվԵŮͷñڵĶƿñϵİɴչЦñ
ͷ䣬βţȾ˵ţŵ¯ȥ
ûнӹòΪģ䵽Ķȥ
Цʹǰ޲
˵ţѾ߽Сľƴȡ͵Ⱦǰ̫ްţĻ̻̣ұòֻأֻɵת顣
Ⱦͷ˹
죺ҡ
˵ֲֺ֪˵ЩʲôȾֻګګʵҪȱȲ裿
ҡͷ̾˿ûסʵõ治ļЩʱģ
ȾսľƣӲֻպ԰á
ã
ֻ֣ͷۣ̫Ѩ࣬ĪǾãЩʱղѰ㣬ͬ
Ⱦû
˰ˣ󲻹˼¡ƺĻ䣬ֳļΣ
ȻϧԼӣЩֽǮǡ
˵䣬˵ĸ첲Ҫ
Ů۽޶Ȼһȴһֳסٵ䣬ѿڶʲô󣿡
ٻعüȻҪ԰ãֺαЩ
Ⱦ˵ҧס´
ֻý̾ǰ뱲ӼҪࣺ꽭ʱǸȲˣ㶪ؾձҪ׷κ֧˯ա
ȻصУһ飬ѪǻԲѣֳ֪˶ҩҲתҵĶٽ˷һҪһ̣Ѱ»Ҳ޷
ŮӵУȾһʱûӦ

ΣȾڣȥ
ֻȥһۣߡ
ȾԼ
.
̫ξֻٰһ㡣
ͣſڣȾڵٺͷ˳̧ͷһ۱ƼҶϵѩɡ
Ⱦ˸ͷҡ
ҶмѣӦΪ̫ްŶҡ
˵ͤ
סԺ콫Լ鷿УҲ֪Щʲôٿڣ˼ֱӹȥɡ
á
Ⱦͷ
δĺ룬⸮еò˭·Ⱦᳵ·סСԺ
ʱڣԺԭήĲľ»ѿ
ֻǲ֪Щ˶ȥ˺δʯ϶ѻһҶȥЩʱûɨ
ȾüͷСزҶͷûз̫춯
δ£鷿ǰﴫ϶ĵͿ
֮ܿ˼ѹţȾҲóӦѰúܡ
˵ĻȫȻڲ
ȾţָմſûŽķ˳Ʊƿ
֨ѽ
ǡƷбϯҶ
ȥ
ϵıӳΣſԣͷҲ̧
Ⱦվûж
ͤȻû̫ģ֮ʣٴοڣҲ˵ûҵķԸ˭Ҳ׼
ȻЩ˳طգгֹЦ̬
ʱ֪ͬΪŮӣԼֺڡ
Ⱦŭ⣬Ӧԭӻѵ˵ľҶˡ
ɲһ͡
ţǻҸʵĶϯǵӰȻƹ˳
ͤżͷЩԵײڵء
Ҷһѣæֽȡ
Ҳһ̣ͤŮе롣
ָıأָףûǰ
Ȼˡֺαٻ
ɤᣬ¶Ⱦ⻰塣
Ⱦ֮ڣ˵㲡òᣬұ
괹ۣһֱߡ
ȾǰԵľȡ˳㣬ҵĽ
ͤͷƺûнӹȥĴ㣬Ⱦֻ˳ֽһԵԲϡ
̧ۿ꣬Ⱦ㶡֣ԼǰὫӡ
ɰĮļ޳ûаͻԵùݾΣôܻӣ
Ⱦǰ֮ȴüͷ壬ͤڴȿȡ
ȵúСģȾȴۼƼ֮ʣָѪѩ÷㴥Ŀġ
ȾͷһҲ룬׽ס֣־ָѪ
ԭ侲Ŀǣڴ˿Ҳվ˼֣ô죬Ҳ̼㵱ҪԼɣ
ͤҲã䲻ڣ⡣
ȾסԼ˴ǰĿġ
ջ֣־ͤС
Ůûпͤ͸ýˡ
̧ͤͫû˿ͷһյ˰㣬Ⱦ˵ЩʲôֻľȻظĻ
ǲ̫ãɤɳƣż
ǡȾǷѾЩǾ͵ٸ롭
Σ⣬⡣ͤһһ䣬Ļҡ궼ûУ
˵ȲԼȾȴǱʵͷš
ۼͤǰ벽Ⱦˡ
ͬΪŮӣôԡ
˼ˣȾҲ֪ԼĿԣҲ㣬˵ɷޣңǻԽ塭
壿
ͤͣ
ȾңΪȥԼĻ
رۣλ˻ΣܵģվûסŻһѪ
ô۵Ѫͤ԰׵ļģ·һҪ㡣
Ⱦͫ⧲һǸηӦ
꿿ֻȻʧλµȥ
Ⱦγѣæҽ˷סֻͤߣ˿׷ʣʲô壿ҺʱҪãͬ㣬ֻܡȿȡ
ƺòᣬδ˵꣬ŻһѪ
ȾԼǰԺһƬհףֻ־ͤѪ
ƫЩѪôҲ꣬Ⱦ˵մ·ϣϵǡ
ͤۡ
ͤȾ׻״Σ㡭ЩѣѣҲñˣǷ飬͵ûд
ûзӦ
Ⱦ˫ֱ飬鲻ƶ߰
æðȴ˴ӦȥѰˣȾԼһ֣ͤҲ
⴫ٵĽŲٳſڣĻҲһôˣ
ȶȾǳ֧ʹСȥҽѰؾִλѾ߻ֽͤ鷿Ĵϡ
ȾſڴֹסȰòģЩӱʱʱЪϢƬ̡
Ⱦսͤûɿ
ȴԼ㣬ͤ˲
Ⱦֻͷָ⣬ȥ

ؾҩҴҸϻ
ָ䴥ɫأ˷ӦǼ¡
Ŀɨ滨ĶȾȻÿɷһԣ
ȾڽĿͤƿֳ˵ǡ
󣬼һֱģ䲻֪˼便£Ҳֻ֪أܹյķ޶飬֮ǰƴһЩ
ȾγȰ͡
ͷֳģһչֱ
͵ǡͤĶ顣
֤ⷬؾ˿ͤһѪҩ
͵һߣֻʣ¶ȾźѾߡ
ͤŮӵݲ֪ȾڣѾ֧ȥ
ڴߣͤûѪɫӣ˵ʲô顣
ʱͷO@ƺʲôֽϷ졣
Ⱦɻվ߹ȥ
ֻܣ紵صĳֽֽīʲݣ֪дЩʲô
Ƕֻѩ׵ӣֽȥĥ
ǰ̫ξֻ
ȾǰôҲ
ʳڣȾʶ𰸡ͤ鷿˭ֻܽӴ
СﻹҧһֽȾó࿴ȴƳͷ֡޾ʱֹ
סĿ˳ſȥ
ֽдǵǷݣȴԼıʼ
Ȼ䣬ȾƲµʲôЩֽһһʰ
ȫһģһݣͤıʼдٱ鲻ֹּʲ𽥱ùࡣ
Ⱦ͵˵ĻսԼ鷿УĪǾΪдЩ
ζӳ£ƴͤ͵͵⡪


42 
ͤ, ȾΪѹˣæߵǰȥ, ȴ԰׵˫ɱأһ⣬߽֮ˡ
Ⱦеӣ㶴ӹ䡣
˲òãֻʧЩʱòãѵҾͺù
̫ξиĸֳȴվǸʲôĶС㡣
ľ䣬ʹĵ֣Ʒ, پ
Ⱦڴ£꣬׷Լͤ˵Ҹôźã
˯ѵǸ𰸣ſڴѾߵ, ҩˡ
Ⱦæ, µ֪, Ͼͺá
СѾ߽ҩ, ˳ȥ
ֳǰҩҪȷ¸ЧȾû˼, վ, Ҫȡҩеȴ͵غ, ϡ
Ⱦһ, ԭΪҪҡ˭֪Сĵͤ, ᣬŵϤϢ󣬱㰲ȵذĸ첲ȥ
ȥ
Ⱦ㶣ûӱȥҩ˹
ӳ鷿һ·̣еҩѲ̣ȾнŪ£Ҩһ׺ںҩ֭ݵͤߡ
ܿ죬ͷвͨ
˯еͤʣҩ֭ιĴУҲֻʳ롣
ȾļֻýЩ˭֪üͷ壬Ǻÿ˳
˼ҩһûιȥ˷˲١
ԭ׵ü͸ӣӲڳֳ죬ȥС
ףȾҧ´뵽⡪룬ԼȺһҩڳ֮䡣
һ룬Ůȴüͷܵһȫ³
ÿ࣬ݼ価ǿζЩ
Ⱦҩ룬ȥ˱ˮڣȵпζ䵭ҩòࡣ
ҡǰ½ȥ٣޷ιͤˡ
ȾػСѾߣȽҩȥ¼һ롣
ǡ
СѾûжԣҩ߳ȥǶԴϰΪ
Ⱦʱǰ˵Ǿͤϧӣ׷⣬סλѾߣȵȵȣлҪ㡣
֪ʲôҪʵģ
ȾҲϺҩ
ĻȷˡѾʵʵūô˽ȥģô˳ϲ
Ⱦ߰˳ɣԺûźҲԸģ
ǣӲԸūЩ˴ţµԺ
ȾþòѾС֪ɻʲôҪʵģ
ûʲôˡȾڰ֣ȥɡ
ѾԶȾվԭûж
зӿͤţȾҪʣڣĪǴҪԼΪˣ
ϣȾҲ룬ץ괹֣й߰Żڴݺҧȥ
ȾⳢѪζ
ӦɿڣԺȴһʵƾʲôǲ£ȴҪԼӦо֣
ǶȾԹ̫ңڴϵ˽ëһۡ
һι̵ᣬ䵽ͤġ
ûʹУǰ֮ˡ
ֱ䴫⣬ؿ΢΢𶯣ȿȡ
ȾγѣʶԼʲô
æ̧ͷõҧס꣺ҡ㡭ʹʹ
괹۽ޣס
ȻѲҪңֺαںЩ
Ⱦᡣ
ͤⷬģĪһֻè
һֻûҪӻӳյѬǵĺè
ɿץϵָûͷûβðһ䣺ΪҪдµġ飿
齼䴫O@ͤ
Ůüۼѱ棺ʮ֡
ʲô
飬ʮ֡ͤ𿪱ʻǧһʮʡ
⣬Ҳ֪дʮ֣ǧһʮʱйԥ
һĳš
޷ֱͤĿ⣬Ⱦۡ
ͤеڼ𽥰ȥ
ȾŤͷسˡ
ͷѾ߽ݣкηԸ
˹Щ
ȾԸֵٽЩ
е˿̼Ÿյϵģδȼ͸̼ڻǯᲦŪ£ұģȼø
ȾƵ󣬽ɢŵȫʰ뻳С
˶ͭ衣
гյó˿̼ͭУӽȥֽ͵ȼ༱ÿһֽƬĻҽϷ衣
ӳŮϣԾˮͫС
ʲôֽһҽ򴽣飬͵ûд
Ťͷͤ
԰ϳǰδеĵã񲻸ȷе˼
չðϧԼӡȾֵǲˣҲΪعѡ
δ䣬ͤ
ȾʶۣȴֻһڻУȴᷢ⣬ԼѰҵģԼҪû㣬ûˡ㡭
ǡȾͶˣ
ֿͤݣ˵ͷҲΪ
Լ⸱ӣܲŮϧ
֪ˣЩҲ޷
عѡ
ͤһһ⣬㡭ͷϡ
ڶȾӡУ껹ͷֱӵıס
̼յ̫̣Ҫ˵ʲôͤȴּ
ͷ䣬ɻشϣǺñ˵Ⱦæ
ͤ᲻ɿ
ȾԼ³ںʲôҲߣ㡣
ͤɫؽֻൽһͷȥڳλá
Ⱦ£ᵽϵҩ㣬£Ѿ˵Щ㶼ûҩ
ͤðӦǡ
ȾЦôˣѵҩúȣ
˵ţҪȥԸѾ߼ҩ
鷳ͤæסͷŮѼ䣬ֳ֪ŮӣĶΪӾѪ֮ҩҶԣҲ档
˵ܵͣмίĿǡ

Ⱦҭ
ѩ֦ȥֳǶһˣ˵չӣ¶˲ͷһη纮ķӡ
ǡ
ѩ֦߳ţͷѾ׷Сͬѩ㣬ӺǺͺˣ
ѩ֦ûзϣ.ŲʮҲòʱĵ
СѾǶʱ˿׷ظңƣȥֻӻ֪Ҫʱ
˵꣬ʶԼڱӣǴ󲻾˵Ѿæ࣬ȥѩ֦ɫ
ѩ֦ȴûԣֻ𷽲ƼӵɫôҲΪﻹв
ν˷ϲ¾ˬ־ˡ


43 
ʱ, η纮ҩãѩ֦˵鷿
ͤ, Ҳ̧ҩһ
ȾһԿȻĪûζɣȻüͷһ£
ȾƿҪ´䲻ս
ûдһһ㷴ˣ
ʲôڣ
Ⱦ㶣˵ʲôҲȥˮһҩζһںȥÿࣿ
ءٴе˿Ǻܿࡣ
Ȼ˵, ȾҲǿǺñɻȥ
ͤҲ½ͷŮѼ䣬⡣
ڡȾ³ںʲôﶼȥ, 㡣
ͤмֲȷ, ɤƵǰ˵Ľ塭
ô
ȾЦ, ־ͤЩ
ôϻ۵, ǲúͿŻͬͯС±
Ⱦ, סݾ
㲻Ҫ, ҲֻΪѣӡ
ͤνס, ֮˼ʧõ䱦, ⲻǻһΡ
, ǰ֮ˣֻ⡣
ҡ
ȾӦ
⡣
ţ
⡭
ûˣȾϵȥҲ֪ҪӦʱ
ͤû˵ֻŮͷϢȡ
Ⱦϰߡ
Ҷز֮˶ԣԼŵҲδЩ
ȾЩ飬Ҵãҩ͸úϢŶԡ
á
ͤûٶ˵
ȾΪҪ˯ˣҲűۣ
ӵߵ̫Ť˺һû˯⣬򴦿ʼᡣ
³ˣȾСɿͤϵ֣ϰˡ
èƵͫգҲգضƲ˯⡣
ץŵĶȾ㡭û˯
Ҳ
ͤ
۵µӵظģҪǲŹ֡
Ⱦڸ̣ͤȻס֣ʮָۡ
ֻ¡żƣһۣʧ
ȾǱĥ޿κΣͤǲ֪ԼŹ˵ġ
úܣȺ׷µףҲû˵֡
Ⱦ̾˿ڳһֻ֣ϵʵ˿
ɴʶʱδƣ齼İ˼֣Ⱦţڶ˼Ȧ
һֻܶȾòͤҡ
ţ
ͤؽӹ˿
ҰϵᣬҺְһ߲˰ɣ
þûж
ȾҪȲȥͤ
Ů⣬㡭ôá
û취˭ԼǷľֻ֮
֣ͤӣЩҶá
.
ǶȾ˵ĻãҲźҩͤõñлҪ졣
գɫѻָ˲١
ֹգͤϹٷš̫ͷߵӣΪףΪ飬ȥǰ졣
ͤǰŸߣٺžţҲȤſײ飬ȥĲѴá
ǰǿҪݺȥӣҺֳֻݷ񾹺õò࣬еڣǱʲô鵤ҩá
Ⱦ٩Ϊ飺ɩɩĪҪ˵ֳģҩ
ٲţҪôֺǰǰ˴£
˵ţֽеľеݹˣҷȥҽһˣǷҸ̲֮ҩ
Щӵ̲֮ҩδʺͤȾȴǸмֳɩɩ
˵ţַԸѩ֦ȥȲ衣
ҲϣһҪȥչ˻ۻۡٵֻǻһҪ£תһ
Ⱦڡ
٣ÿ֪ǰЩʱ̫ΪλᱻĽ
ȾЩæչͤ粽Ҳ뿪ԣǲ֪
٣ô߻ȥ굽п죬;ݱˮ˴˵ʥȥ˷˵Ľڷ˳ﾹ˽صıͷӡ̫ӵš
Ⱦʼδ⡭ı֮
ɲʥϲŻᲪȻŭɱ̫һĳӸլҲ⡣˵ʺΪ̫飬Ҳ̫ӽ첻еزӦֻ֤ס
̫ӷµģ˱֮ͤȥ죿
ȾԼɻ
ĪȻкٵ̫һʥ׷ȥŷжߣԭЩˮˣǰ˽ģν̫ӵţŪ飬ס顭
ѱΣھҲʲôܣֳҲڳе˵ġһӼķ˵ǲմ߶վڳ͢Ϊ١
Ⱦ˼ɩɩģһᶣС¡
ʵڶȾͤǰΧ̫ӵΪ߻ΧˮˣҲҳ治ĳӣҲ˻ˮ
ֻһҲãŮӣڳиǲףСΪϣƽ޹
.
ֱҹͤŴӹл
ʱȾЪûһոůͣ᲻𴲣ֻڴϵš
ԭΪҪϴŻ䣬˭֪ۣƹ˽
ͤûϴֻڴ£ͷ⻹û˯ţ
ȾҪ˵Ϣŵľ㣺ӲŸպãôƣ
ͤƵЦ£ˣ̫ɥڣҲƣֻߵ¸ݾ֮˽·Ҫһɣûкȣմ˾
ӻƣ߻Ӵ˹ǲסȾ󲻾ظ̡
뵽ֳɩɩתĻԭԭͬͤ˿©
Ůɤ粦ң渵ͤĿⲻ䵽ϡ
˱Ȼ
Ⱦ춼˵ˣûзӦֻͤûȥֳ䣺㵹ӦһЩӼ£ǻǲҪͣԼӾС
ͤá
괹ֵⲻض룬ֻŵĹ֣᲻֪ǳȥѰ·
ȾæסĴ׼˵ֲĻ
ͤѻŨܵĳգ£ӦŮĻ
ȾĿϣҲûƿлż
ôˣ
ͤ
ֻЩ֡ȾûԼ˼ǰҶѾ죬ֻԴ֪Ů֮󣬿ȴôϤˣͺǸʶð㡣
ͫһĹ⻪ƫͷŶȾ֣ŮָⴥԼӣ㲻ϸֱϤΪֹ
ͤɰףȥм⣬ӦǸմͷݵԵʡ
ȾΪ򴽣׳ŵٴüۡ
˫üΪÿǡ纮̶ǣٴüβһδʵĺż˵⣬ȴֽвס̲ס
ָ£ԽͦıǼ⣬䵽ı֮ϣŴϸġ
Ⱦ⧲սͤЩ̣һƪ̫ӵڳûдȥ鷿һˡ
ŶȾ㶵ͷȥɡ
ͤ߳⣬䲻񡪡ԼŵĶĪ̫Խˣ
һ˼Ҵģͽ档
Ⱦֻյûţַɻشϣ͵Ͱһ
ʱͷִŲ߳ŵͤ۷ڴߡ
ȶȾʣͷֻ֣ҵĲɣҲдڳģһɺã


44 
ͤϧԽ, ֻΪдڳģȾľܾ
ҡ
һдúCֽ, ڼддҲգõǰȷʧͳ
ȾûоܾӴһͬ鷿
ѵƣСѾֶ̼
ʱůģ˿⡣
ۣͤϯϣǽڷִָǺʡ
Ⱦ, ûôֻԣһһĥīĿתضֽ档
ͤ, ڳĿͷ, ˵ּÿ, ôҲд
ȾΪС˼صúܺ, ĴȴǱ¶롪
Ȼ޳㣬, ͤ, úÿˣͷҲвóĶ
һ, ͤ𣺡л˵
ûСȾʸڷϡ
ͷ, дżֻ, Ѹ֪ʲô
аɣһеĿ⣬ȾҲװˣֻ룬ƪڳóͬƼ±Ц
ͤûлش⣬ֻΪ϶ǻЦң
Ⱦ
Ϊ͸ɹٵЦдֳ°ںСѰ֣оʫʱ
˭һʱļдּʲݣʫٺãҲҪȷơ
ȾдΪϯ۾Ҳдһֳֺ֣ϴӲ·磬Ǵͷһ
ĳѭӦˬͷ޵˾ͷò֡
ЩǵķҲвͤͬΪ٣гһգԼҷּĿ֮һʮʮ٣ձЦ˶УҪЦ
С
ϣȾҲԼʤġ
סˣֱͦ֫ͤסֱֻ֣ϸЦЦдһֺ֣ҲÿЩ
Ůͤǽ޳ֱʵҪ۵öࡣ
ĶָǺĴ£̳µּ
ѵĬͤ˵һ䣬Ⱦдһ䣬żҲ޸һ
ȾԺֻһ¡ͤдòÿ£ǧЩС֪
֪䣬ԼѿͤС
Ůףһϸϸѩ
ͤͫһĿ⡣
ˡ
һʣȾ֡
ΪԺֽϻпɵּһչ̫ö䣬ѯ֮˵ôΡ
δ䣬Ⱦ䱻ͤ󿿹ͷļ紦⡣
ͣһ˿ײĴ
ǼգģȾһ㲻
˵ţæعͷͤͷȷû¡
ҲûзȰ
Ⱦͤס֣û¡
㻹
˵һ룬Ⱦ
ΣͤǱԼֻè䣬ֻжȾɵӣŲ˼
ֻףͤΪûбĶͺ񡭡ںԼὫƿ㡣
ͤµĲֹǱƿ¾ŮͷҲص뿪
ͣڴһֻ񣬿ڴǰԼÿһ˵ëͤڣֻԶۣҿ벽
ԸٷˣǶԼͤ޷еܾߵĺ
֪룬ȴ̲ס롣
ͤŶȾ䲻ðһ䣺ǰ˵ҺͶҸá֪仰ɻ
鼱֮һ仰û뵽ǵôΡ
֪ԼӦˣܻᷢʲôȾûгĬҧ´УұǰԶš
ʣµĻڴݾ䡣
ͤǵĶ´棬мֱ׾
ƫƫı׾öȾмܣ֫ͤţЩµȥ
Ҳûö٣ż˽ģֻϣýøЩ
£Ŀѣԣ֪ϦϦ
ȶȾعʱѱ任ơ
ϯϣԭ˫֣ࡣ
ͤĴƿĴ̲꣬񣬰۶ġ
ϥ
һ룬Ⱦᷢÿһ缡⡣
Ǵ̼ùͷˮ˳βʳһ̣ȾԺɲǿհףţΪԼµĺڷڣǲС
ͤһʱͣ
ŮûͣСҭ
ǾԼ̫ˣȾģҲȥ΢΢š
ͤ΢ͣҲ̫ļ
˵ţḧŮ󱳣κ.ֻǴİ
Ⱦҡͷ㡭
ҲԼ޵ĪڷͤŮһ̣ҲľǱϷŪķŭ
ɺ֪ĿԣҲùȾŻȻʼգϲĲʱԼɽ·ѰվС꣬ˮľˡ
ֹʱӢˣӮÿΡ
ϲͤ޹ء
ֻǽҹͷʶԭŮӼҲ㡭㡭
ͤΪʲôʵǣǶȾʵ̫ˣ޷ܡ
ſͷɤǸ⣺Բ𡭡ٸЩʱ䡣
õǸҡͤⲻ֡
˵ãһ˵Ⱦ̲סᡣ
󣬻ͤƵϵؿο˰ʱȾ޵ÿˣű޷С

޹һ˯֮
ȶȾʱɫѴ߿һˣѩ֦ͷʿŵСѾߣˣ
ûء
СѾ߸ӦȾĻѩ֦ʲô£
һҪ¡ѩ֦߽ݣﻹŸảľС
ȾɫãȻʣɼǵýʲôӣ
ʲôӣ
Ⱦ벻
ūԭΪ̫ɥڣŲٰ죬û뵽Լˡ
ѩ֦˵ţеľг̫ξķ˺үһǲ񡣡
ϲ⣬ȾҲû뵽Լ
˵ףδǰ¶еޣطϣɻͷһûסҲġ
˵Ҳš
ȾľУͷ
Ȧ͵ġֽضǵ͵ġ
ϲ
ѩֵ֦̫ξ˻ûߣһظĻ
˵ţͤſ𣺡
˵ţ߽䡣
ѩ֦ӵĻˡ
ֽû˵Ļ˱顣
Ⱦûȥ
һͤҹ£ֻ΢΢̡
ɫ糣ˡ
ȾҪй£ˣùźضθһ˿ɺã
ҲãȾһæ˴š
ŵʱͤصڣЩʱùϡ
áȾ𴽽ǡ
ùţͤȽԼȥš
ڣȾûסƿ
£
ͤվϡ
ûʲôЩθҡ
˵仰Ⱦ̵ֻ˲ÿͤʲôӦ˳


45 
Ŀǰ̫ξʧβ, ͤŷżȥ
ӶŲ, һ·ϲǼ꣬Թ񣺡ִˡ
ͤĿбӣֻ΢ףߵƽհµӪǰִ˽ʱ¹һҪҪͬ档
£
Ӫţѹսӵ͢ţ˵ŵ죬ͼ, °ܺӣ׷
۽΢ɲһµ˿ץˣ
˷ģºֵµ˲ʹѽ伩ù鰸, ͵ͷ
, Ѱ, Ǿ, ֵط˵Ҳ˵СҲС
ͤûг, ӪлҪ˵
Ȼ, Ӫص˵ͷʥʽķˡ
̧ۣͤӣ
ƺ, Ӫȴ̲ס߶̫֮λ̫, ʥͻȻ, ذ˼ҵ˼
ͤĻ¶ǾΪӣԴʥģ
ӪڨڨӦ˽ѵǡ
ûȥͤ󲡳вѲ죬ֻдġ
ȵʱһ̣ǰʱá
жͤͳ죬ǰߣҲû˸ҹʡ
ûмŵ̫ξˣٰľ¥ǰ
ͤſڵСǰȷǷԿ˲٣͹ͷ룬֪Ҫ¥
ͤҲָ̧һŷ
Сһʱʮ־
ż䣬ƽһλ֪յĹͰˣܵԼݡ
ŵ͹
ͤ¥żСѯʲʽ
ͤҪһϺõĻơ
һƲ½룬һӡ
ͤȴûж꣬վվߣ¥羰
¥ٺ̫Ҫɽʱˮ棬һ뽭ɪɪ뽭ķ⡣
δ֯վڸߴԿϴ޳еĹС㣬Ѱ֣졣
űƿˣͤջĿ⣬תˣߵ¡
͵ܺαؿ߻˵ţ¡
űС˹ϣѹ͵ʱұкҪ£
ͤԼ࣬ûͬӣʥŽһ¿֪
߻ҡͷֻ˵˽ô»ֵͷȥˣ
˵Ҳ֡
ĸ΢Ȳ楣˻ӺҲű̧ǡ߻Ժյĸֵһᡣ
δλС
ͤȻ̫ްţ񶫹ˣ¾ʥΪλ˰ţ
߻һ㶣Ҳ༸֣˼ǡ
˵꣬ͤǲٵˡ
ǵ߻ɫȴһ±ףɡɸվǱףѪŨˮ
ͤɫ۵ף괹ǡôס۵׼ڽ
̫̣˳ϣЩɵˡ֮ΧΪ̫ˣϴɡһҲȱ»عδزỳɵͷϡ
һ˵ˡ
߻ٳɲȥռȻֻЩ±.¶һٻض
߻ӳĬκ¶ģ֪ˡ
ܿܣˡ
ͤɫͬ˵֮ļƻ
ÿÿܣ߻жҡҺı֮ʿͶ˵ıʿֻԼҲ֪¡
κƳϣ˶ûдż뿪
ֱ߻ӳһҺ͵ţϢͨҲ֪˹¶ٻء
ºαؿͤʥ򡣡
ǲؾ֮ʣĿɨһʼδĻƣسһ£׼
߻ֻҪ˵ʲôҪ£æ͵ܵ˵޷
պԼİɷ񽫻Ƴȥ
߻һ㶣кѣֻǲ֪͵Ϊ˵
ͤԼýŲо
߻ӣ
̾͵ܶӣǳһƬ
ǰݣͤղˣȾȴ˵߾ߣ߻ӻΪеֵһԸһԸ˵¡


46 
¥뽫һ·, ͷǲظ, ɾľװųų̫ξȥ
ȾùţӶ϶ģԱ߿ţΪҡ
һڣѩ֦ͨүˣˣ
ͤ, ȾĿƿЩסȴСţˣõ
η˿ȥ, ֻ͵ա
Ⱦ˼, һ˵, ΣҲŲȥ, Ҿס
ѩ֦˶η˵ķԸȥͤ븮
յ, ǰݼ޶, ѼֵʱСʱظ
Ҳáηվ, ˡ
͵ͥԺĽ, Ⱦڵú, ׽͵Уȥء
ηͣ½Ųȴûмߡ
Ŀ䵽ͤϣ´һۣϸӳɻҲС꣬ҲʱΪϲŶԡ
ȾûϵͻȻ£ס
ͤŮӣǸͲá
ɶη˲֪飬׮±ԼŮͷһͷȣֻͤǻΥˡ
˵˺ͺúҲܣѱպ󲻻
ƫƫģܻܲػضԼŮ룬Բ⻰̽һ
ͤŮģҲкӲŶԡ
Ⱦ粵ȴͤס֡
ҹɫסŨī˫ĸģֻСæµʱ˲ϡ
ͤκεĲԸ
η˼֣Ⱦֵ׼ʲôԼǸأ˵ˣ˵ӿǺʹġ
úߡηֵŮӣҪһ⡭
Ůǰ˵̫࣬ļĿŷ޶Զ
.
ڶθգԺû£棬ȾҲ۵òᡣ
ȣڴ˸Ƿ
Ů뵣䲻Ƽͤɫأ˼
ʲô£Ȼ¶顣
ȾŽôˣĪųʲô£
̧ۣͤ޹ء
Ⱦ׷ʣûס֣飬עãɾź
Ⱦ㶡
ӽŵŰ·̣һֱĬĪǶ
ͤĿתضżֽš
ȾĿڣʱƱëӵ÷˳ƵͷΪҪʣУѵҾظ֮˲ɣ
Ů˿ǳĹ㣬嵭ͤĲ
ȻµĶȾˣѱ
ͤ򴽣Ҫ˵ʲôȾȴִ˸Ƿ
ͤͷ䣬˸ʵƣš
ͤûٶԣֽ̧˱סðЩ˯һȵ˽ٽ㡣
شģֻжȾȾĺ
λƣĵŮѩ̧ۣ֣ͤȴհִͣ
½ѣָ룬ĦȾӡ
ͤԸĲڡ
򡭡
û˵ȥֻ˫ۣסлִ֡
.
˵ֻС˰ͣ£Ⱦʱࡣ
ͤȾںͷ
һ󺮷紵Ⱦ˸ϵ硣
֪ΪΣ䣬ĪǱ使ˣ
ͤ״䣿
ǸմԵʣ¡Ⱦ˵ҪΪ׼һʱɾҪʱ
ȾͬȤֻ¸ǣ˵ҲƤЩ
ͤǣ֣
ȾԭΪͤ񣬾ͺʱںԺõ࣬Ǽÿֵġ
ʲô鱦ŮӶϲΡ
˭֪ͤŵǴ
ʱæѾӶЪ£ֻӶ¯𣬺ʱźҪʲô
ԭǻ˯ͤͶȾ߽æ񣺡ү֪λкηԸ
ɨһۣòˣǶЪϢȥ
˳ȥ
ȾͷصֵطܣǽϹҵĺװˮˣļ
ջĿ⣬ͤҨۣмˮ档
ʲô
Źֺġ
ͤṴ档
Ⱦ𣬽ڶθʵѾԹһ볤档
ͤ棬ܹǲһ
ȾûٴǰӹؾһԿͤ档
ʮָɣһͽù⻬.
õðײϣͤת׺ˮ
궯ƽۺƤ࣬˵ǳڳҲš
Ⱦ棺ΪӦ֣
ǰڱ߽ʱԣ˲ԭʮղҲǳе¡ͤɣȻѧˡ
Ⱦͷʱ£ԭ𣿡
ͤĿȼյһϣš
˶٣ֵ߽ҰֻҪȥκεط
Ⱦ⡣
ȥԶĵطݣ˵ϻݿȣҲ֪ںδΪʲôҪ뿪¬ң
Ⱦͤȴ˵ˮˡ
վϴֺŶ˹
нһܶϣԢų١
ͤĶᣬȾվһԣҲǴҳ
лҪϸȵˮУת۾͸
һֱС¯ϵĸϴлһڵĳ档
Ⱦִ磬᲻öӡ
ۣͤмЦ⣺Щ԰ɣˣһҪ㡣
˵ȾҲͲˡ
һ꣬ҧϣȾԵúǽ
һ꣬ŮԭӸֳۣǡƴճĺġ
ģͤ
ûдڼȱۡ
Ⱦر˫ۣƺʲôϸĲ

Ҳ룬ͤڶ𣺡ˡ
ȾۣȻһ̽ϸֻ׺ϵʯƺ̫һ
ɳīʯͷ̳֦ƣʯϻͨСףʲôá
ͤɻ󣺡ڡ
ڣȾֻ֪ϵʱ򣬻й˴ͭʾ⣬ֻҲ졣
ûж룬ڴУŴ¡
ڹ淢죬ͭڴ̶ͬöҶһֻݺط˹ȥ
䣬ǰȻӰҲ֪ǴӺδֵģڵϣӣ
ȾһĻʼδҲգؿŹǰŮӡ
Ī¡ͤǶİ
ҵġ
еĴٹ壬ȷǻ磬ȾԼƽȲǣҲû鷳õŰ
Ҳʼδӣ
ֻͤݲȣӽǵְǸңȻ𣿡
ǡ
ûٶԡ
ȵȡȾڣƽŰ참Ҫǵöࡣ
ͤϵ˵ģȻ·
ȾҲû취ƴǣңͤԼٿֻԵ֡
ŷֱʮʮȾѾһѩ֦㽫˸ѩҶѩ
ǲ˻ص޷ͤöڣⶨҪʱ̴ϣԱʱ֮衣
áȾͷлΪ׼ϲ
룬ֻѩ֦ȥⷿȡһ̳¶


47 
¶ױָ, 
Ⱦ䲻ƣԼ, Ҵ˾ƲˣϼҲ޷
С¯оƣ¶㣬ɫҺӨ͸ƻδºãȾľƳͱ˳ÿպ˵㡣
Դľڴݼ仯Ů˫ȻǺþơ
оƵʱ˫Ҳ¯Կů
Ⱦʱ, ȲҪȥ˾ƺ
ּ̡ͤۿ죬ָָ̧;ƺ
Ůָģ⡣
µջ֣ԼǸоƵģƺ˵ϵС
ѱһĵ, 뱭, ڴ㡣
յ, Ⱦط񱭣ͻȻ, ɻգⲢ֪ŮǱ, Ӧǲġ
ͤ, סȻò
ǾӦһزŶԡȾĻ˫Ʊ, ֪Σ
δϵ˵, ͤһ, ͵̧ۡ
ɫ̫ۣȾ𴽽ǣѵãһԵĴ㲻ɣ
Ůͫڰ׷峺һࡣ
ɲǼ䣬ͤ򡪡㣬ǰǲη岻ǰԼ
áͤڡ
ǰžƱֻסȾֱۡ
ͬʱͷ¶һ
Ⱦѿʼ̣Ҳ롣ĿתͤأԵ͵Цżζ
ͤЦʲô
ûʲôȾһһִϡ
Ų֪ͤԼĵ⡪ʱǸмһˣС꣬ͷԵϣ
طʱͤȾֱС˼
棬һӱƽ
ͤνסĽ񱭲ս֡
ŮԴϢȴֻаʱͣס
ֻ̧ۣȾмϷŪóѵζ
ë׵ĺβͣ´˿̿Ҫҡ
ͤ궯˶⡣
šȾӦȻȴ֫
ͤһֻĺ󾱣Ůܰѹ
ഥȾɴۣʱһ롣
˿̵ȴɲͤ̽⣬׾Ĵߣڳݡ
ȾԭϷŪ˭֪һ
ͤü۽ߣǱǵôֻǾƾͷȾǰǻϵľƺյ˿
Һƣͤûǿ̫ã㽫ɿ
ŮۣˮͿһ֬
ͤĸӣͷ֣㲻ҵġ
Ƕȸ״
Ⱦ޷޲ƽţת䣬ѱͤѹСԵϡ
յεҲ˹˵üȥ¶ľ齼ӿȴȲͤ㡣
Ⱦֻǰĵط͵
ҹ鷿ļٶϮȾȥͤļ磺㡭
ۣͤסаɫ
Թ޷ĸԸ
Ⱦ˲ö룬ֳ̧ס䣺Ҳ˼
׻ǺߣӬﲻʣǡط
ͤ۵װȥĹ⣬
.
¯δϨѬݾ㡣
ͤĴѴŮƿ۵Ķ顣
Ⱦ.飬뵵иһˮ⡣
ܸ߳УŮҧס´ĿƮ䵽ͷͭͷ
ˣȾԾÿ෢ɣˮУÿһ缡ڷ̣ΨͤԴָ⣬еѡ
ָᷢ
ͤһõİ֮ĺͯΨⲻһϷŪԼΪ棬ֻһա
ذ벽ȴ᲻úˣֻŶȾʵ⵱桭Ը⣿
ƵĻŶȾĿڡ
ԼΪβԸ⣿
̣ͤá쾭塣
ҪٿڳϣȾȴ˵һһգٶԣסͤĴ
ͭϹҵɴʣ֪ʱ
ӰӰ´£ճڽ֯Ӱˡ
.
ͷĲ䣬ʱõĽҹЪˮ©δ죬֪һŮϸ΢𽥽⶯˹ȥ
мϸҹݣֱˮһ̡
Ⱦͷãԭϲ֮ˡ㡭˵ζ
ҹ鷿ǰĸоٶϮһأͤȴûͣ֡
Ҳգ̰ҪȾ˿̵ķӦȫС
ȾֵسУƼ˫侲
ͤοͷȴԵĿ⡣
䣬ʲôȿİ֮ΪԼʧظã
ͤ΢΢𴽽ǡ
̧֣ץסȾҪѵȥֻ֣ʮָۡ

Ⱦʼڡ
ˮʪһβˮ㣬Ŵ꣬Ҫ
ͤŲţȾֻһ˿ģ
ţ
ͤĵơ
֪Ůʲô˼ȴڴ˿⻽ҵСֿɺã
ϲԼҲϲС֡
ȾϾ룬ֻκ˳ĻΡ顭
ǹԵ˼㡣
ͤİ÷֡
ȻҲ֡
.
ȾҲǵͤǼʱֵͣģֻǵԭĴҳһţû˯ˡ
ͤýͷϣŻѾʰ
һ뵽˿ϵĺۼ³ʲôȾǺ޲Ҹطȥ
ʵ̫ˣûй룬Ⱦͷ껳У˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˯˶ãȾٶȱڵѹԭ֪ͤʱȡһˮݹӣü
ԼĪһյʱ䣬ͤʰãԼȥϴ֣ɾѡ
ڶȾԣɻã
ŲãӣԼõˣ
Ⱦķȴſڡ
Լһַǰǰ߳ܵ
ЩʱҿЩææˣٺ㡣
ææá
Ⱦţһ
ɤﻹŵ͵͵ı
ͤ˵Щʲô޷ǶЩʱĪҪܣҪŵĻǰ֪һ
Ⱦۣڶûмϣֳ˯˹ȥ
֪Լ˯֮ͤٳû£һ˫Ů͸۵ļҪһĻԶϡ


48 
ȶȾʱ, ѿһˡ
ҪҹԼһΡ
ѩ֦ź, ĬĬҪʵЩѣ
ȾҪԭ򣬿ĿɨԼĲǴ

ȾӶʱ񱻻հ㷢̣ǿ򶨣ȡ
ѩ֦ȡһͭ
汻ĥùȾһգԼϵĵߺۣѩ￪ĺ÷

ֻʵҲڲסȾֻѩ֦ȡΧڵʵʵ
ȾҡҺҹʱûͤЩ., ûˡ
.
ͤ飬ȷæúܡ
ҲãȾÿʱӰ˯źֹͤ鸮ҹʴӵ, ֪Ҳࡣ
۹ȥ, ɫδ, Ⱦ˯, һֻԴᴥӡ
ʱֵ£ٰǧѩ滨ʱڣմȾ΢㡣
ȾԭȾĺϮ, , ͤڴ߿Լ
Ů˯죬δɲİ, ֻͤQ, ɫԼƣ, ټ۵׵ɫǳҹδЪմͷظ
Ȼ֪¶࣬Ⱦֹסۣôæӣ
¡깴𴽽ǣȻһۡ
˼ǻеæ
ȾҲ֪˵ʲôãȻְ֪𣬻̲סͷǵõͳ첻ɣ
ţ
ͤƫͷ⿴Ů
˼ǡҶ˲ԲеӣֺαسæµæˮȲһڲ˵֣ʥǣıְҲ
Ⱦʵ뷨
ͤŮװڸǵٺãҲѱһղ˲ʱ۾Ĵ
ӳùһʽɢӣҲңڣ
ֻǶȾɣԶʶֺ󣬾˸־ͤ˵ãǳ֮δظԸСӣһֱЩ˼ǲš
ԭΪͤɣ˭ֽ֪ڻС
δ粵ֻá
ȾϲüңֵֻͤзɵҪ£ٸЩʱɺã
ܹɿڴӦȾϲ⡣
ûйʲô£ͷţŷ
ڴߣ˵Щл
һͤ۴⽫δɫһ£һûԵ£Ҫš
Ⱦûж룬ֻŰ참ͷлҡ
ͷá
˭֪ͤƻǲģֻаֲء
ԼͣȾĿѵͤĻܣȥæͺá
ͤû˵ʲôĿŸɨֽȾ޽ǵķ˿𵽶ųš
ȥҴңǱϢ仹дϵ㣬ȾҪΪԼδʱһΡ
мȻʧɻϣָϽ˯
˯ʱȾϴš
ùŹ£ǿ֣дʫմ.ɫãģûнԼ鷿µ˱ɹ̫
ʱڵͷȣҲ壬ɢ⡣
ǵõͤĳŵȾ졣
̧ĿɨԺеʯʯʣԼǽļͥԺãʵǲȤ
ͤжְ󣬶Ҫ԰¿һһЩݲݣǵһأũҰЩ̲СУҲʧΪȤ
ȾԺг⹴ŽʣСѾߴȴҴŷͷйټ
ǹˣȾǲʧڣվ첽ȥ
ģһλֺλŮ
ŶȾͷλ
ȾλЩ죬Ӧڹеϯϼףʵ֪λʲô£
ޱ飺Ļʹ֮빬
ʹ
Ⱦһ㶣뵽ֻһλʹǱ߻ӵĸԪϡ
ֻǱ˵ָͶμңԪҵĸϵҲ࣬Լͬʹ˵ϰ䣬ΪҪͻȻ빬
ƿȾԥλֵĿŻЩɷģȥ͵ġ
Ⱦûд𻰣ͤҪŵĶ
ͷңӦҲҲȥ
һʹҪȾ֮ͷԵƬ̣Ȼݻѡ
ֵͷȥأ
.
Ⱦõɫȹ˹С
빬źй̧Žר
ʦڣһͷˮֻһԲֱ˻ʹ𽹬й˽ͨ꣬ųĻʹӭ˳
˵ΪʥϵһһŮʮĻʹȴ˿ϸƣͶŵӺݡ
Ż׵ǣȾٰ֣ǣضǣ빬ǰЩʱżüһͣȥٰŮӣֻ顣
ԭˣȾϻ̳Ͽ֣ʹˣҲԶһŪ
αǫ顣ʹЦ㣬Ҳˡ
˵ʹȴûż˽ڳöȾȲ裬ͬЩʱա޷ǶǼҳ̣Ҫ¡
һ䣬Ⱦʵʵһ䣬Ҳ˸ӴŵĻʹΪͻȻôԼ
ֱҲͷʹŤͷʾ⹬˽Щչ
ͷܹһƼôֻȾĿⲻ
һǰĽС΢ÿֻϤĽ͸ʹлɽ˵ͼȥīȣʵ̻ͯͼΪʧû뵽ܹü漣
ÿһֻȾܽĳǺˣں˻ȺԺѧʿҪ
Ⱦϲ֮ԱʹüЦϲЩֻЩʱգ˽͵󸮱ǡ
Ⱦզ࣬æҡͷЩֻ˹أҪ
ǵ𣬱Ͼһλ÷
ʹǻлԭֻĶȾȻ˼֡
Ųɫ֪ʱѰȥٹϰʱҪ
޵֮УԼͻʹ⣬๬ŮʮˣʼսһԲһĳš
Ⱦ΢ɲüͷͷĲɹʱˣûظǣʹ¡
αżʹҲЦ⣬͸¶λߵùҲ١
˵ţˣš
ȾͣʵǲԸԼߣǰνļҲʱѡ
𽹬й߼Ųȣûз졣
ʹ˿ҲΣ滨ϺȲ裬ȾڹϵĻֵǮ
Ⱦ亹Ȼսֻٻڡ
ѩҶѩѾߣͬһ빬š
ֻ⵽ڻʹȾûдڣͼʹ֪ǡʱ˻ʹԸ
ʹһЦˣһϵ죬֣ЩԹǲ㣬򡭡ݹ⹬еֲ֪ء
Ǵˡ
ΣȾԼӦó뿪𽹬
㴵ڣ˳ͻǿɾǶԻʼҵĴ󲻾
ѩҶѩ⣬ȥ˻ЩҲΡ
ȾĥţΨΨŵŵĿǣʹαǿ
ʣµδ˵ڣȾתڶѸ֮ٳſȥҴѩҶѩң
ǱŴ۵ģסһӵĹ˽ûӦܵſڡ
ŶȾҪӳ죬˭֪ʱйŮʳ
Ⱦͫ⧲һûüֻʲôȫԼϣ̵ֱϵļۡɰеգŴ϶˹
ȾͷسĿͷʱû
ʹˤвյվ˭µģ·ҲûУ
СŮŵòᣬʱڵأһؿͷˡˡˡ
żǰĵɢĴƬСŮĶͷ۵Ѫ
Ⱦ۵ףûӣСŮԼСģﲻ
δ䣬Թеı棬ۻ죬һһײڶĤС
Ⱦһֻ쳣ٰǵֻ֣һǹ¥ϱʱ죬ǳɽµ
߶ǡ
δӦȴˣʹˢˢڵء
ƬǰŵĻʹ˿ʥϡʥްˡ


49 
ŵް, ײžŰʮһأ쳹ٰ, ͣЪ
֪ڵصĶȾٳû
ϡͿеʹײʥްţȾͷʵ
λӡ󲢲࣬һмͻԼͤһֽͷ֮Ѳϵ
˲ŵĻʹ֪ʱߵǰٹţɡ
е, ȴһ˿ڸǵ졣
Ⱦվʹֵˣϵˡ
һȾҪֱϱ˵ʹ
Դ˵ֲֻص󣺡, ˡ
ʹ治ɫ, ǰ˼Ĳ첻, αؾ, 㣬ӦⲻǲŶԣϺõĸҩ, ͿЩҲҪõöࡣ
Ⱦۣ, Ź޹СŮͺá
ȻʹƳɹڵɪɪСŮ, ʲô, л, ʰ
СŮסȾͷлл
ȾҪ˷𽹬ԺŶȻһʥּʹԪϽּ
ողˣֹһء
ŲǰӦ㣬ȾȻ̧ۡ
ּĴ̫ʥϡȵ۸ǰλֿȵݳ࣬ͤ˭
ǲƼڻʹͷĶȾͤһǣҲֱͦǰ
ɤӣȻտ͡°ոΪΣκͻ缲֪ǿãź߻ԪҼλʹԪΪ̫մˡ
ԪϡʹԶ׼Ĳּ
̫ǰʥǰˣ̫ĪҪǱӡ
еʥϣȻָľ߻ӡ
̫᣺ʥǣңͷ汾һ䣬ҡá
Ⱦʹͷ֪Щʲô
ֱߺһĳŵУźɤ𣺡̫¹ٵ빬ͣҲ֪һǡ
֣ͤǳйԱȻĿ̫ͬ˵
˵ˣ˵ߵ޵ſڣǣȾ֣һŵʵʲôί
̫ǰͤⷬڲĴ˭֪ԪϷǵûйϳһ˿ǿЦ⣺Ӵɷģ빬ֻ
ͤûнԪϵĻֻĿתضŶȾڡ
¡Ⱦ˵ֲֻûҲû̧ۿͤɫѲ磬ԵҪæ
Ҳæͤظ˵
Ⱦû˵ʲôŻ̫ӯӯǱ
ͤûж࿴֮κһۡ
ͷҲص뿪𽹬󻹸ŽѾߡ
ֱͤͶȾеıӰʧߵУ̫ԪһҧһŽڵϵСŮ߷
һʮʮСŮߵҪסؿͷϢŭϢŭ
𽹬ĹŮ̫ѻȸ±̫ǨŭԼͷϡ
ΨǰָȾ빬λֲŲæǰıֵ
αΪⲻ֪ߵغĺŭͤͣҲ£εΣ
̫ԪҡҡͷüĿԴַƣᶮ
ֻЩĸãԪֹס˻ͷĿɨӹˣָյǣɡ
ҡվСŮԪüⰭ۵Ķ򷢵¾ȥ
ϿĻʹֵ̫¼һСŮңŲûе᣺лˡ֮
.
֮ϣǰС
ڵĴ紵һǣȾƳշֵĽֵԣ̷̯¹׵
ɥȰ£ƽȻҲȡ֡
ĵ˵ͱ䣬ϻģһһ紵Ⱦ˸
䣿
ͤ˴뻳Уס硣
ȾͷľȻգۣЩ
ͤû˵ʲôֻڵʵʵ˾˯ȵٽ㡣
ȾûѣƷֻۣͷҲĵްŵͷ־¡
ͤŷ磬Ⱦһ仹δ䵽ʵϰԵؿ˯ȥ
.
ǵָš
ͬһ㣬ͤϵĶȾ֡
˯ԺˣȾԺ˵ֳȥ
ֻƹ֮£ŮðֱǴ۵ʺ졣
ͫһϢ
ȾȻѣʶԾҪջֵʱּͤۿ죬ץûб˼䣺ΪβЩң
ҡȾ򴽣ʲôҪ£صǡ
ⲻҪʲôҪ£
ͤ䡣
Ⱦ⣬ȴѱ
ʧظнһæУԼȥ
ŻƣŲǰ
繳ӣȾͷţɲǼʶͤʵݡ
䣬ǧ֮⡣
ǡƶ˸ʶʱ⵭Įؼκκ·С
ɵ
ˣôֻܸԼһѰޣ
ȾۣûзԼȥ
.
޷֮У֮ͤڴϷźá
˴Ҵȡɴҩ࣬ͤƬԲһߣϴ˿ڡ
С
Ƥļ¶ı⣬ôһԭȻľ˴ǧƵۡ
Ⱦüͷʹ
ǸղŻӲ˵û𣿡ͤЦԭҲۡ
أȴٳûеȵ
̧ۣͤŮۿ΢죬ˮںڰ׷дתȻģ
ЩΣ̾ϢˣĪҪ
Ⱦǲ֨ͣжҧһڣŻѩ֦ҩ
ͤڻУԴס˫ۣʹܴҧǡ
.
Ⱦûҧֻͤѩ֦ҩʱָס䣬ͷ紦
ͤ½䣬㣬еϢ
ʥϾŻеѬ㡣
һƬڣŮ΢΢
ֻͤʹúܣĺ󱳣Ҫ£ڡ

ѩ֦ҩɴסɴϢ˳ȥ
ͤûɿɻвʣ
Ⱦҡҡͷ
ͤ򴽣ȺЪϢһҪȥһˡ
Ҫ𣿡
ݳŹͤûзϣǡ
Ⱦ̧ͷͷӣ֪Ȼްţ
׵ĺȻʵ̫ⲻ֪
ȾЦЦϸԳǲ֪ǲ֪
ͤɲͣס
δȾּ֮ǰңҪĪЩţĪδ֪֪л£
ͤγԣ
Ⱦδشָֻ̧֣ᴥͤƽжһ仰м׶ƽߣɰϽ
˷٣֪ߵ£ԣӦǵʥϻ㣿
XZFҶơ
ͤ׽ס֡
١˵ʲô
֣أͤ
Ůһһ䣬ЩһѪʱ㻹ɣ
Ԫ޹빬ֲϷߣ޷ǵͤܳ£ҪԼΪҪЮҲŻɥӺֱ̬ȡ
߻߱λٲͤͷȹ͡
˵ǲɫˮ©Լ֪ʱա
Ⱦͷգһյĵ¹ѹ˲ԵĶֻ޵ֺͤݺҧȥ
תۣҧļѪݼӡ
ͤͬСްҧסԼֱȾҧû
ϵˣŮѴ⣬ôҲǱΡ
߻ӿ竣ʵ˼ԽΪҪЮΪãҲòӡ
Ⱦû뵽ƽ׽˵߻ӻˡ
ɫɶͤ˳ƱסɻǵãȥΧʱ̫ӱϮұȺ׷׹¡
˼ǡ
Ⱦš
û߻Һ̫ӡͤȣֻɥȪ
ʱµһϢ꣬Ⱦһ£㣬뻢ıƤ
ⲻصģһС¡ۣ֮ͤƣΨͬίߣŻѰ֮ơ
ΪΡ
Ⱦ
ԭͤ飬ΪβЩԼ˵
˵ʲôأ
ְﲻʲôæ
üչͤȴ£ģ߻ӵİѱͲô
Ⱦ˵ͷ
ʱͨүйҪ빬
ԣȾʶץͤ䡣
òԼӳ죬Ըͤٽ̶Ѩ
괹ͷģЦ⣺Ī£ЩЪϢҶᰲȻ


50 
ͤߺ, Ⱦѹ˯š
ڴϷȥǰһǻֺ̫, һǵ»Բѵꡣ
ԭΪͤɥɥĸѾû뵽ԾΣķ
Ⱦȴֲ֪Լ𡪡߻ѵǻƵֳۣæı
ʱ򣬶Ⱦûչֻ̫֪ʫԣԳоƾһ֪
Ǳǵķɶ, ƾײҲҲų·
֪棬ȾʶɵĴĵ۶գ
ֱʱƤ´, ͤԲ, ǳŲס˯ȥ
.
Ǻ, ڵ, ع£µҹɵĲٳ£ѻָյ
Ǻ, ȵްŵϢ, ʳʲô
ٹٺڽǵĽ֮£ԾĬ, ֻʥ볯
, ߳ϼеĺԺ, һֺ֮ϵŴ򿪣WɫֳַۣĴ̫ٹٽɡ
ٹֳ̰壬չλСǰ룬һ㣬Ȼعڵأꡣ
µߴ֮ϣ˵Ĺݣɤӣλ񡣡
űǰ䷢ţ£˰ۡµҹδЪЩͬλȨصĸʱġ
⣬һһٲҪλ䶯
ƷϵĹԱϵ̸ӣ׶ãƷ֮µĹλΣȴǲ޴󰭡
ȺλԱ󣬻ʵּ̫˶٣ͤ
̧ۣ䲻ڡ
̫ʥϵĻһֵͨߪΪɣλƷմˡ
䣬ܱĿⲻסͤƳŵĲ磬ǽԴϵڿϣȲְɣνǰ;ޡ
ֻ̫ͤӵˣ֪ʥΪλῴ
ҲԼ֪ߣĿǻĪ
ͤƲЩٰĿ㣬ݲȵعлּ⣬վԭء
ںͷ˭˷˹٣ȴȫȻûȥ
ǰ̫߰ɤڽǵڻ죬ͤȾҹƿҩԼĪС꣬Ҳ֪ͿֱϵˣܷЧ
ǰһ裬Ҳûϵ߻ӳ²㣬³£ǰĸͨ
ʹԪȵۺٳ費˥Ȼ۵ĶӲͬŻ뵽ͤΪҪЮ
յ˰ֲء
˼ˣѻɫ۽޵ʹס
ʱͤһ֣ǱߪΪ飬λһƷմˡ
ּ
ɤԽݲȡ
ͤǰȥֻǱ캣ۣͷñƵϷĸ֡
Ĺλǲ¶ֲ졪ǼҴ壬ΪеճּвŻѵɶʱһΣҲ
֪ͤ뵽ʲôջĿ⣬߲΢΢
.
µ۵ǻͷճᣬ෨¹䲼ٹڽǵһվվʱ
ȵɢʱ硣
йԱ½ЩȺС۹ΨͤȻһĿбӵسȥ
һ滺ɤס
ͤͣ㣬ˣǷǱ
λڷǱӦ
˫ָȴûж֪к£
δӦݣǱδͤʧֻʵţȵްʱִֻ˺ͱڳ
ǡ
ȵǰ˵Щʲô
Ǳţ¶ƵƵɫΪ˳ԽԣֻʱĸӹУȵΪף֪ȻȻбʹʶ֪Щ
ǱеĹĸ׵ĳ㣬ҲȻʺбܳ谮Ĺ
λ̫Ϊȵ۵һӰŮֻ»λδֵϵʥϡ
Ǳⷬʵʲôë
ƫͤףüۼ䵭ļȻںзϷ磬巵ʱҩʯ飬Բ֪࣬ڳԹȥ
˵գֵͤӻڼеңǲܾ˿ˡ
Ǳǰ֮תƲȥ
ԱЩԱԶǰʸǱͤСһ壬˺αͬϻЩʲô
ǰǰᣬ֪ߵغ񡣡
ǱЦλˣмҲδء
ջ걳ӰϵĿ⣬õס۵ɻ̽
.
Ⱦ˯òȡ
˯ˣҲǺΣѺּǲεЩʲô
ڴϷѩ֦ߵǰƿʣūķԸСȥθһ˵үͷ񶼰ãλҲ
Ⱦһ㶣Լŵͷһʱǰ˯бѩ֦ȥʡ
û˯õԵʣҲˡ
˵Ⱦ˿
ѩֵ֦ŷйеС̫ϲ˵ӱΪɣҪظ
ѩ֦ϴЦȻǽ⵱һ׮ϲ¡
Ⱦüͷ΢ɫء黢֪ͤΪλǨȴ
ǴֲʶĴˣʷ顣
߹룬ء
ӣòܸˡ
ֻʱ̶Ҳûʲôãû˵ʲôгŰɣҶˡ
ѩ֦ȳȥ֪СѾߣֽȾױ
ϴ󣬻ϳڵķö⣬ڼǴ׹㣬һС뾬׷
ϲ˵λСѾ߶Сͷ¡
ȾǺʱڸеģôû
Ļūʮߣ֮
ūʮˣҲǷ֮Σ
ԭͤİ
ѩҶѩԾĸǱʵʵ
ȾȻѩҶѩԼǰֱʮʮ֮ǰ˵Ҳʮ֪Щֲ
˼룬⴫Ѿӡ
Ⱦæӭš
곤ͥԺӰߵ£ǣ֣ôˣ
ϸϸȥͤվͤʲô
Ⱦ˿֪δ̫ƽǵװϲ˵˹٣ȻóӭɲŶԡ
ͤüչȫȻǰǰࣺǣҡ
һƴڻȾࡣ
ͤձضʲôûüԣæѾ꣬ٽк
ʳ޲ù֮ͤϴ֣ȡһ̴ֻƿҩҸȥֳҽݵģͿ˴õø졣
ڿ£Ⱦִֻϣͤ⿪ɴ
һҹȥ˵ֱʺֻۣⲻÿ
ҹ˿ʱʹȾҧס´
û뵽ͤĶᣬǸоʹֻҩ뼡ʱ滺˲١
ʱ򣬶Ⱦڵÿϸϸͤ뵽ȥʮʱ궼ЪϢʵ۲ۣ
۲ۣ
ͬʱͤؿڡ
һȾЦˣǰĲɢ˴룬ͤΪԼģۣ˲ʱȬ
ͤ๴𴽽ǣͷЦⲢ۵ףģұز׳Կͷ
ⷬĪ͸¶Σյζ
򵱽̫Īܱͤȥɣ
ȾҶ룬ֻοͤ˵˲ۣطϣұԼðʧ
ˡ
ͤûɴĻǰͷŮѴЪһɺã
ͻĻǽжȾмܡ
˵ֻֻ֣סͤá
.
Ŵٴ˿ɴʣβӰӰ´£߼ȲҲ谵ʺϰЪϢ
ͤ磬ǶȾ˯ͷ
ȴִҪۿͤ£žðġ
ۣͤȾȻ߳Ŷѩ֦ԺӣĪ˽ţļ£һŲӼ
ѩ֦СѾ߶ǲ˳ȥ
ȾжͷΣҲͤȥ
ĩĳ̴ɴвֺ֯ŵˡ
ͤڣȾ׺Ϊ̤ʵǰǰߣһۣ˯˹ȥ
.
Ҳ֪˶ã˯˵ĶȾһۣ㿴ͤߵüۡ
ͷȾÿĲʹ̾˿ֻѰ˼һԣжá
һ˵û뵽ԭ۵ͤؿڣѰ˼ңҲѰѴ
ˣ
ͤ˫ֻŮɴ۵ģһֻܵŵСӡ
˳Լ⣬ǼǵӴ䣺⣬Ҫ¡
ԭͤѿԼĲȾۿ΢죺֪Ҳãǡôܲ£
ͤĺ󱳣Ů뻳УҲ¹ֻЩ£ע˵ġ
Ϊ±㲻ȥ
Ψжһ˿ʤȯһֺ¡
ͤףԼҹһŵ˵òٵŮĲ⣺Īˣ
С
δ䣬ȾȻʧָֻͤϣһ縧ΪҾӵ٣
һͷһůͣԼ˱Եʡ
Ⱦ˵
Լã֮ƺ̫ˣԼҪ
ƫͤƺòѵˮǣһҲɺã
.
޷⣬ѩ֦߻
ڶȾԵ˺üѾߣһ弼ǳ뻯߼䣬ĵ
һֻë޵۷䣬˷ɹǸ嵱滨ſͷû뿪
˺һԼʶԼƭųߣײǾޱС
ۻӭ۵Ĳ֮͡
κζԷִⲻ뿪Ҿݡ
һ΢Ǿޱ۷룬̰ۣٳ᲻뿪
ڵ۵õȥ
ѩ֦ͣߣҲǣҲǣֻϸĻ֮УһԼС㣬һָпӺãյľ͡
ԼĪ˰ʱ۸͸͸Ǿޱ֦ͷƫԱ۵۷Բ֪㣬ɲͼȡࡣ
˰ʱϦǣ߽ɫȥĵͤýˮ
ȾԡͰأŮ΢ţ̴ֿ޹֮С
ԼˮУ뵰һкۼڣж㰵ġӽͤȥգԼŲҪ£


51 
, ͤαɹ󣬶Ⱦ͵͵ʮ˼ˡ
ͤ, ǻظҲٻͬϵ£ֻƵڹȥ
ȾֳԼС˵©죬ΨдʮϬܹ֪һЩõϢ
˵ͤڳϲù
ϳ³żзһ, ͤʦЯ볯в֮ǹལʱΪ·硣
֮⣬̫ĸԪƺҲϲ
ԪΪ, ڳвܳ, йλߵ, žҪֳ̫, ڸ׸Ԫ䡣
˵ΪٺƣƫƫΨͤÿÿڳ飬ᱻԪ䵱ء
ô֦߸ɵĴ, ԵĳӸͤС
ҷǺʱԪҲɣἰ, ϬʵΪζƫҪƵ, ҧţ
, ԼҸ, ŲЩԪҵ
ǹܸӴߵҲˡ
Ⱦ̾
ϧԪҵҰģô׶Ըġ
ǻͤǼɵ֪ͤµ۴λأ޲ý֮졣
ҿ󲻹ʥεԪЩ˾㿴ۣҲôϬĿοٹأڳվȽŸȻҲû˸Ҷ˵ʲô
ȾĲӦţûʵϬ
Ȼɥδһ꣬ϬΪϱɥڱüͣȾ͵˲һʱ䣬ִӺ͵뿪
.
µ˵ͱ䣬뿪ʱתۻصưôꡣ
Ȼѩ֦ɡСŻصȾҲⱻʪ˴롣
ѩ֦æѾ߱ˮźȾϴһɾʵľӼҳ
ϴŮ˱ϣϰϰ棬˿޵üۼ䣬ķ
ȾҲ֪ⳡ꣬ʲôʱͣ
ǵûͣԽԽ
һʮգʱʱСԶͣƵġ
ùţȾڴף߻ѩ֦̾˿
ѩ֦أٻ¶ʱ̡
ôˣʲô鷳£
Ⱦʵ
ū鷳ֻ²ЪٰƸߵãֻεЩҪùˡ
ѩ֦ԭסٰΣˮ˽ԲŻ뵽ʳ֣ɱȾ
Ⱦ𣬵ѩ֦ʱʮݹᾣֻһҪȥʵúܡ
ȾҲûף˻ѩ֦ȡһݷ
УȥɩԺ
Ů˯ͻȻˣѹʵĹضʲôҪ£
šȾѩ֦˵겻ͣˮҲδء
ɲٵֳҽ˺Щ񡣡
ȾСзŵϣҲΪģͷʮƱǧҵ˽ǮͷɩɩÿʱתֳϣóԲ𷹵񣬷ַá
ΪŮӲÿճţֻġ
Ҳ̫ˡٲõôǮ
òã겻ֻͣһ
ȾֹΪֵİ룬ҲԼ˽ġ
νƻ££ͤкñġ
ûƴǣЦŵ޶ˣһ˽Ǯһȥˮǰյĸ
Ⱦ䲻̧ͷˮ
ǰҹתֳ˵ЩʱҪǡٻ˵һ룬ʶԼ˵©죬£û㣿
ͤҹȷ˵˵ֻǵش
Ⱦȴû뵽Ҫȥˮ
Ůɫסѩ֦˵ˮʱж£ӣľߵˣᱻˮܡ
.
󣬱ͭ⣬ͤ£һֽɡ̴ǽҪʲװ
ˡһλǰװãԳˡ
šף߰ɡ
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NN˼
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ȾߵͤǰȥˮôҸң
Ӻ˰벽꼰Լ
ĿǣԼҷӣٵġ
ԭΪִ˵ӣ˲ŶԡżȻ̸϶һ˿Цֻ˵ܺá
û뵽ĺ÷
Ī˵ЩӣͤҲϵȾͻȻð
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ͤɫɡֻǹպء
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ҲҪңȥչġ
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ˣͤȻǧַӽߣκζԷƫ
̾Ϣ߰ա
ԭΪٲ˻ҪĥһͤɿڣȾסˡ
Էѷס֣ͬźӶţվŲֻҲȲס
Ⱦʶſڣвٱ˶š
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.
ˮĵطٰʮԶɰء
ȾϲҶͤڿԼģתҪͻؽȥ
ֱ˳ţһĲԭλڷĹĵͤ
ţ
ǲǡԪҵ˱ȥģ
ͤһµȥΪʥϷǣƣ
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ʱּ£ĵڴ˿̱ӯӯ
ͤͷ΢
֪Ůϻ۹ˣϵԼȾɻһС
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֣ͤ˴뻳У⣬ңκ¡
̧֣ԭ뽫ϵøɣ˭֪Խ˵ȾԽǾίˮ䡣
޵áν滨ꡣ
ͤɳܵؾãŮģһζ
ʶԼʲô򢣬ҧ˹ȥ
ȾֹסȻɴۡ
ŮܵĽë顣
һ˫մȾӣͤճӲԼ
̧֣޳ָס˫ۡ
ȾʱһƬڵС
ͤģϢȴֳޱȣȾ󱳵ųڣ޴ɶ㣬ֻͷӶǡ
ݽ֮䣬ͤƺҪϼȡʲô㣬᲻ý˷ſ
Ҫʲôأ
ȾԺ롣
ԼһУġ

ִɰʱɫѺڡ
ĸլſڣյյ÷ɰصĸĸپվſڣٰͣ£æǰӭӣ¹Ρӭִˡ
ڴĶһֻ԰
Ρ̧ͷˣʱɵ۴סԭء
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Ǳٵӡ
꿪ڣ
Ρæ񣺡ˡ
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ͤһΪȾɡΡˮںδ
ش˵ĻΡ˵Զİһʱ¹ȥ顣
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ͤ£֪˴ʲô취ˮ
Ρæش˵Ļɳѻɵ̣ˮЧò
û˵ʲô۵׵ĳ
µ۸յǻ£ҳסû뵽ԪҵȴǵȲˡ
Ҳգǳѵĺá


52 
ʱ, Ⱦ㱻Ƭϸϸѡ
ź˲ѩ֦еѩҶѩ
, ȻȲѩ̷֦գױҪöࡣ
ȾҲû˼ȣȲʵͷϢ
ĻѩҶӴԼˮ
ȾԴ˲⣬һ·ʱƶЪֻһʱͣġ
еͤͷ, ȾݲùţѩҶʳУװڵķˣٽĹܼҴȥ塣
.
ɰˮɣǽ֮, ζĽˮڴ˴, , һʱ, ټ겻ͣǵĽˮѽͽߵͤû
޷ִֻ·ڴͣ
Ⱦƿ, ¥е֮, ͨʹʯ·ˮǣؽֵİ, ϼҴڲ֪Ҫȥδ
ˮӿ, Ӳ֦, ǵƣˮ߲Զйٱأ˿ֵĳԷ˵ȥ
ȾûƼͤӰ
·ĹܼæȥЩٱһͬˣִ˵Զĵ̰Ӵˮ֪ǿҪȻȥ
ءȾûгɣͷ·ȥ
⡭
ܼмΪѡ
ǵˣ
Ⱦʵ
⵹Ҳǡܼҵֻ̰Ӵȥ·ѱûȥֻ³С·С
䣬ǰĳƿͷҵŮŮĲ߳
ԭ·ͣŵ͹ۣȾһĿ⡣
Զе𣺡ףλһ
˼ҴҴĻҪ˵ϸ졣
Ⱦѭȥ˵ǸСŮһλˣСŮԼĪ꣬˫ۺǣǰߡ
⣬λ˻лһСкеӤ
Ӧӵĸס
Ⱦվԭأ˶٣λ
˵æýͷöλһ͵ﲻĹ˽סҲֻͣ½ŲڨڨСӲ˵ĪҪ֡
ˡȾʵ֪ҪȥδɾأΪβиӦ
˵Ҳǰǰ㺦£ֻһһʮסݶˮˣֻôźͶȥҼˡ
ʶ⻰˵òţæĿڣҼɾ˵ǰͷ̰Ӹ㲻Ҫ̣ͬٸذȥˣҲüʱŻص
˵ţۿ΢죺ԸĪҪʲô²źá
ԣȾŤͷԸ򣺡ͷ㽫λ˺ͺ͵ݼȥ
ʹáæݼԶͲ鷳ˡ
㲻꣬СҲܲáȾ纮壬ǳ˴鷳
ûƴǣæлбŵСкȷ
ԵСŮ飬ױԼֽŲԯعͷԶȾллӽ㡣
Ⱦ΢΢һЦҴСŮͷϣСʱЩĪҪˤš
˶Ⱦг˼仰ųȥ
.
Ӱ嵽ߵ̰ӴС·лҪС
ȾһǳһţŢ׵Уߵʱһ˫Ьմۡ
̰ӴȻæòɿ˹ٱ⣬вٰŶֳɳ
Ⱦ䲻֣ҲˮϿɳѻǽڵ̰Ӵܹ𵽼̵̰ӵạ̃ҲԵסˮ
Ⱦǰߣվڵ̰Ӹߴͤ
̹ۣͤ˫ָ󣬿ɳİգ֪ЩʲôȾʯȥ

Ⱦ첽ǰ
ͤعǹһ˿ǳЦ˴ƫƧһΪˡ
ɣĵīĺÿ
ȾȣԭǲӦģֻŷûʱţʹЩ
ֻǰϿտҲĵطûУеʳҲ֪÷Ķ
ͤľȣֽʳнӹӣڴ˴žͺá
˵ţʳд򿪣ȡͷķˣ˹
Ҳֻ㽫ͣȾɡ
ˮϣһʱ䶼û˵Ⱦ䲻Ծôֻзһڿأɰ
ȥˣˡ
ͤ۵һļȴɴݣԵҪæҲδء
ޡ
Ⱦͷûж롣
ͷŤһԣ򼸰ٲ֮⣬ƵЩĵ̰ӴֻǴ̰ڵˮѸ߹ͷķݣһֻ̣°ֵİ˵ҲҪǧ
ԸɳҪòźãȾĬĬ
֪ͤʱѷ꣬˳Ŀȥ
̰Ӻܸߣվڴ˿ʹİգֻͷܶͬһ㣬ֻЩźųಲ۵úܡ
֮س⡣
ţȾͷͤ꽫ʳգʵϿͿ˵ĸҩһá
˵䣬Ⱦ⿴ĵѪۡ
æץֻ֣һѪߣǱʲôƵġ
Ⱦһּ˲٣ô˵úõŪ
̲סԹԼҪ֪
ûд󰭣ֻǰɳʱŪˡͤɣûҩˣ綼á
ȾûвǳЦ⣬ֻԼҲۡ
򴽣ĬƬ̺Сҵиӡ
ţ
ͤһʣһ룬Ů˫֣Ĵ
νס
ȳʪһɨģ˿ڴ
ȾмΪ飬ȾѪϢֻβͤ˿ںõĿЩ
ӹϸƺͱ룬СѰ˵ļ᲻ص˱
ͤȻ٣лŨīĺڡ
ͷɡ֪ʱ£˿˿ϸϣ
վڲԶѩҶѩʹֻʲôû
.
̱ϣȻյĿ֮ϵıδͷʲôִˣСĻˡ
Ⱦγѣ͵رɿͤ֡
꼫õг⣬˷
λѴ粽ֺͤ˹ȻСĲʹˡ
ʲô£Ȼ˵
ͤĻ
ǡ𻰵˷ܣע⵽һԵĶȾæ
š
Ⱦҽ߷󣬽ϵⶼȥ
ʳУȻйⲻţȻȥˡ
˵գҲͤػͷҲص뿪
.
ͤĿ׷ŮıӰֱʧڽﾡͷŻǰ£ɶˣ
ش˵ĻСҹͼҵ˵ӵ˽뽭迣ºˮѱ򲨺ʱӡ
ͤףƶԴ֮С
Էȴ̲סʣãɰΣһķϵĺӵԽˮ
ͤûлشֻǽĿԶͷЩգ˹Ǯɢȥص̡
ǡ
ȻûеõҪĴ𰸣λ¿ͤȻ˼ֳݺ塣


53 
ԭΪⳡ겻ͣ, ɰػҪЩʱգû뵽˵, ʹϢˮλȥ޵İղõк֡
Ⱦ䲻֪ʲôлͤˡ
䣬ڸлȾԼ̷׺գʢװϯ
֮ϣٲͤĸʢޡ
Ӧ£һһľơ
Ⱦ, ֻǳһ
ҹʮ壬֮ͣһԲԱ鲼˼䣬޷·
ȾͤԣŲЩƮ, Ժżʱ, ЩҪһŲȿ, Һס
ȵ÷, ôͤԶ׼ĵЦ
Ǻ˾ƵԵʣɤЩͣͷġ
Ⱦ, ﲻȵɴ, ٲӦ꣬ȻǾǳ
ͤ٩, ͷŮ䡣
Ⱦ˵ʲô, ֺ, ҹִɰأЪϢ
̧֣ͤ󱳣Ȼȥ
ˣûгͬһݣֱɻشϡ
Ⱦû˵ƣҲһȥۣڰȴץס
ͤžϢ
ȾͷһΪҪʲôĴȴͣľ룺⡣
ţ
á
ͤļ磬ѷ˵š
Ů𴽱ߣḧԺڷ
֪˶ãͤ˯˹ȥ
ȾֻѬ΢⣬Ŵսе¹⣬ϸ꾫ӣָ䵽Ķģ˳ı䵽ԴĴ괦
ҹͥԺⶸȻһȾʶԼʲô
̵ͬ㣬͵ջ֣
Σ֮ûзӦȾ˿Ҳϱӣͤȥ
.
գٰһ۷ؾ
ǣȻҵıȾƿ֪ʲôʱ򣬵·Ծǰ͵İա
ֹǱڣģİգļѼһͣ򶼿Ҫмܲ
ͤѣֵֻ߳лλֻͣЩ򲻿ɡ
ܵȺһһ
ԼļˮĪҪ±ǡ
ǰˮˣǵɡ
ִˣɰЩүֻ²֪Ҫʱ硣
ĻȻںɳӰصĸĸ١
ֻͤûˮһ˵ĹͣλҪлҲӦлԱ԰֮ˡ
Ը£Щ͵صİ÷ȥ
ν÷ȼƶ֮˵ĳ
Ⱦһ죬ֻ̹ͤ۵˷ͤȻ
ʱһλСȺ߳һȦͷ֪ͤ˵ʲô
ȾСм죬ѻͷ⣬λСġ
ԭԼҲзݣ
ȾϲʤС
һСŮһݣлӽհøҺףеܵãóǮ
˵ţеĻûʲôöԵлֻЩͽһƯ͸㡣
ȾûоܾСӹ
֪ۻСɢ㣬۵Ļϣ¶ˮʪ͸
˫õˣл
.
һֱʻţȾԶ⻨֣᲻ýͷϣñδɢ
ɰͰţҲ¶
ȾĿһдĵꡣ
ͤĿֽ֮ϣôͷϵɴñ˷һԣڷɷ٣һ˿䣬мֲʳȵɷˡ
Ī
Ⱦ˵ţ㽫ͷ֮ϡ
ͤʼ΢٣ԭ㲻ϹּԼҡ
̧ͷŮǰЦ⡣
ȾС˼óѣֻûлʵ࣬ܽͤģ
ƻɵĻͷǵԵĵͤüۣƹʻġǰ㾫ϸ
Ⱦû͹ͤȴסڳϣÿɺÿ
½㣬ŻҷһϮ
Ⱦʱʧ
ͤʣ֧֧ᣬѼӲҲҲͻаɡ
棿
ͤյߣ֪˵ʲô
Ⱦ˶ʱҪܣյָ⡣
û뵽ԼҹСȻ֪
Ⱦ仰˵
Ůѩ׼߳⡣
ͤٶයһκιæֻǽǼŮѼ䣬˿ųԡ
ڴͷϵǶҲ֪˻Եԭһֱûȡ
.
ҹʳ鷿֮С
µзűɳˮĹģͤ迣ӵǰգ̵ֹĿܷ
ĲȻɣµɫ͵ܣˮȴ£һվܽ׵޹Ȼûˡ
ʥޡͤһ費ǡÿ飬֪ӵΪ޽˺ӶĵҺʥϱӣܴӿⷿȡը.ҩ迣ӵʮ£ҲδܼЧ֡
һνǵˮ©
ʵβµóӹ̵̰ӵɳ˶ֽţöסˮͨķʽֻǧ˲ֹ
ͤ޷˵ڣϾҲӦòֻ֪ŵá
ֻԪҵֱʣܲ
µֱӣǡôֹ£һԣ֪˵񡣡
ɫ֣أʵֻ÷·ص껹߻ӵʱ򣬲ֱ鷿еĹ˽ǲ˳ȥ
ͤſڣɰ֮磬ٸ֮أֻǴ˴ǰȴЩһĵط
˻Ӻ˵𣿡
ִɰغ󣬼ֻȥ÷ıмƶߣ׶ò
ͤǲ죬°вʣ֪иһÿ꼢꽫գȡʳΪ˼ؼУգ÷
Ƥ£ȻΪ֮¡ʵ۷Żпɫ˲ʱܲļҸ󵨣治壿
ʥĪˣͤһһʵɰĸĸԪң̫Ԫݡ
ʵһʱԶԡ
Լλ̫ҪæȻ׮¶ˡ
ԪݻСˣֻλСײѧھв֪¶ٻĸ;˾˵罫˴򷢵ɰլȥ
û뵽¡
ʵüͷչ
Σ̾˿񻹲ʱ򣬴պĪҪᡣ
ǳԽˡ
Դˣͤ⡣
µ۵ǻ£ȣĸڳе֧ţֻһһᣬЩԪҵ棬Աжд̣ԼڣҲȲذȥ


54 
ɰ, ٰǵˮҲͣЪһ͵ʱڡ
, ͤӱùԺУƼһӰϱĿǳ¡
Ůǰİϣ÷
ʱͷ䣬͸Ӱθһߣһҩ
ͤŻŲǰĬؽӹѾ, 使ȳϰϰ硣
ȾȻ֪ѻˣֱżϤ㡣
ԭΪΣ䲻Ƽͤԣϲ⣺
ͤӦԱߵ, ʢ÷Ĵ, ǳһڡ
Ķ, һ㱡
Ⱦӹȣմͷ, ȷŶԡ
˵ţȱߵмҪͬ
ͤͷϾؿ˵ǡ
ϸͻˮ, ⵣĽǵǮβ, ɩɩתǧֳҽԹβ, ˮȥ, Ҳ, ҽֽʣµ˻
ȾָͷͳʣٶӣԺﶼݲ࣬ЩǮɹЩĿĻֲ»ǽ¿ɺã
ͤû顣
ָլԺǵȻʴ͸󽫾Ľͣһڳӱ߽Ȼ˾ӡ
ͤԴ˵¾Ⱦѣŷ֣ԺеȷҲݼ֡
ѣֻҸ벻¡ֻⱾҵķ֮£Ʒѣ
ȾͲµ˵
ԼױķᣬһĲټϳǰ˽ǮǮñͻ꣬һɢȥڿⷿҲֻܻҡ
Ʋ³˼ֵͤʮ壬Բʥڹٹ٣ӿЯҾ츰硣
뻨ǮǰһͷҲ
Ⱦͤ˵ò޵ѩ֦óѡĲ£ϸѡ˰ʱ
öʽٽƷ¡
.
ΪƷˣȾҪ²±ƺãɷµ͵
һغһһ߽˿ɣҩİ̳¿ȹߣ߶֮΢
ֻɫϲ۷۶ƣˮ̡ȵ۴ɥΪ񣬲ϯϴ̫
֮գȾȹӻϣŷɫ˿ȹͤϴ̹ײһ
էȥ˾һ㣬Ҫ˵á
ҪͥڵĳȥŮ΢̣Ҫȥһɻü
أͺܺÿۣ֣ͤ߰ɣѵ⡣
š
Ⱦҧַġ
.
ǽ֮⣬ͣҳӵ
࣬н򣬵ҲȻͣλã˶ȥ
ͤͶȾ಻⣬һǰһ
Ⱦ֣վˣԣһͣϴһɤι
ȾعͷԭǷǱ
ۣȻλ͡
δػֻͤ£֣ս֡
ȵ۴ͻ飬ֻԼ޵˾͸ǷǱ
ֻǷǱݵɫ䣬⣬ȾҲֻÿͿӦˡ
ιﲻؿͬհ㣬һӾͺá
Ǳʵδ֪ɺã
δͤ俪ڣͷ˷ģ¹ٵӣȻչ׵
ȾͷĪЦ
ͤĿҪöࣺл˹ģܺá
˵գᳶͤ䣬ͷСǻ빬ĺãʱ
ԭ˪ɫʱࡣ
ͤû˵ʲôŮתȥ
ΨǱԭأ˫ָ˼ŶȥıӰ
.
ɫ֮𻪵ƣȾ俴֮˵飬ܹܵԷǱֺͤͳࡣ
Ů򴽣ָȻӣĪǳζɣ
ͤ΢ɲ̾սҵָȻֺ֪α֪ʣ
̹ϣöȾֲ
԰ʯ𮾶ө裬΢иǳǳĻ㣬Ⱦ´ǣҶԷҹӣǳָף˿Ů֮飬ɷġ
ңǸʱ۶ͤὫ˷ϣ
԰еƹְȾûƼ֮е
ͤ˶ȾĻȴûԸת
¡£ɮǷʦԡμСͷҵǸ»˫ȫĽԵ
Լشֻ˳ؽΪޡ
ʱûзǱδزٰüŮǰϲӣֳͳɩĺӶϲòУġ
ź洫˿֮ͤ˼
ԶͷܶӰת־
ͤ˱ۣгµˣҲǰ֮ˡ
.
˽ʵ۱̫๬ŮĴӵ³
ԭλŵİٹٺͼҾ׷й񣬸λ֮ϵʥϵλ񣬽ҹѽڣٹ٣ֻΪ볼֣ͬʢ
˵գʾˮּ֡
չ˵ȵްţо֮ңһڲ磬ʥϹȻ磬ϯĳҲڣԹع͸衣
ȾҲ⣬òô໷˶裬һʱ
ֱͤƵǰȳ
Ⱦ񣬲ſһõз⡣
Ȼ磬ϯȻٲþ͵ģӦз
ֻʥڳϯŮ빬û˰зǣȾҲûų
û뵽ͤĬѽѩ֦ɵĻ
ȡһ˿˹ز޳ָ·Լ
Ⱦйѵ߶Լҷ㵹ǿ˵๫ľͷһ
ͷϲִŴ׳˼з⣬һСյƣûйͤ⡣
Ⱦּһз⣺ͷҲһڡ
ͤûƴǣͷֳ˿з⡣
ȾιһӣȴȺ죬ܿȥԭʥϲʤϯȺ͡
ʵߺϯϵķΧʱҪɻ֮࣬˵˲١
ҲסҪĴתת
˵ˮٺźϼߵ԰
һʱЩӶڸ£ɢ˴롣
Ⱦзֺƣշ̣ҲͤԼȥߴ硣
ںŲ˻һͤЪϢ
΢Ϯɴͤǹŵˮﶣ죬Ⱦ죬пţΪҾط㣿
⵱治ǵã
ͤ󿿹ʵ
ȾҪҡͷƳͤˮ֮ϣͣһֻ񴬡
ǴͷƣҪ
ʯ䣬ԺĻ桪Ҷҡҷͤ纷
ȾȻȥ£ȻʺԼ빬ף٣ƭͤҩ֮ͤ֡
Ǹʱͤ޲ɼ

Ǿ׳˵ȾӲǵˡ
мֶζ
Դ͵͵Цƴżá
ţȾһͤڿնٴԾˮϵ񴬴ͷ
ҡΣȾץ½ֻʵ治ǵˣ
Ⱦҧҡͷʿɱơ
ͤû˵ʲô𴬽ȥ
ˮ겦ҹϺ֦ˮףԳֿɲ
ͤվڴͷƵĹյһ
ͷ˵Ļȴ飺⻹ǲǵã
ȾҧҲϳԼյǱҲٱ粵
ѻģԶЩ֮ͤ𽰣ʳָĹסŮ򢣺治ǵãҰɺã
˵գȶȾӦ۹

ˮ΢΢ƵĵӰ»ֻȡ¾Ĵ㡣
дģʶŪβҷȥβɨ֦һд۵̻ҡҡ׹ΡΡʳ
ããɢסӦΪ˵Ķо
.
ԼĪʱһ·Ծˮ棬Ƴͷŵ괽ǺЦһλŮ纷
Ⱦ΢ţᴭŪֻһͷ
ԼչȻСͤˡ
ܽ׳ģԵֶΡ
Ⱦ̣ȥ


55 
ΪȾ纺÷, ͤȣٴλʻȥ
һƧ˵ĺޤ԰ͣ, ͤ˰תȾ
˴Ҫö࣬Ůյ糺յøǡ
ͤⰵ˰
㡭ȾģſԼߡ
ͤûǿֻ
Ⱦ˼ٲǽжͤķҲɢ˲١
ҪڣҪԼصϯȥԶƴһɱƵļ, ˵á
ūţ֪Сү˭㣿ǹ죬ȻңСүҷǵһ㲻ɣ, Ҵ򣡡
, һȭߵĶ
û뵽԰, ȻҲײΪ֮, ȾüͷͤǡҪҪȥ
ȥաͤǣֻ֣ҪæҲδء
Ƕ, ԰ﻹԵĳ, ȶҲ޷֮Գֵķ۹ȥ
Ⱦ, £Ҳ, ֻƺūűڵ, ʹӰڵϴ
ԱߺȲʵǰǸֵҴǷˡ
ȾҲϲ˭ǰֹͤȴס
ʱȺһȣԪݣ˸ס֣
˻һΧ֮
ԭԪҵ˰
⵹Ҳˣʥϳ
Ԫң
񲻾ʥϵĸҡ
ҡȾǰ˵ͤڳϣҲԪҵԣû뵽ʱգǾŵء
Ů߳ŭ
ĿתЩˣ֮˵Ԫ׸ӦܺԼҵܵܲŶԣǻʹԼϡ
ͤȳڳвĹԱҲͣɲֻǸˣҲõ˴˲Ŷԡ
ѵʥϽ£ֳĳ
ڳϣԪٲҪ˴ǹսһ
ֻ£׵ܵܲ˸Ҫ
Щ˵ʹҲͣ
ԪŤͷѱһϢλˣװװӣ˵䰲οĻȻߣԷŴͫס
ūţǡ
ȻΪһ֮֮ϵڸ׸Ԫֹס˫ȷͨһڵأүû°ү
.
ڸ׸ԪĵܵԪݣү˵Ϸɣ߳ŭ˴ˣ
Ⱥ֮£ʱ䣬ڻʳڲֶߣЪµʥҲѣ۲ִ԰ֹ
Ԫ֪Լ˴룬ڻ԰м䡣
ȺѻȸڵֻʥϷ
˳ʵɫͳŭĿǣ벻޵С˾ˣ޵֮ˣҪԪҵ֮ںεأ
ֻһ仰Ԫݻ㶶ͬɸﻹа粵ĻֻסͷϴǳĴǳ۲ʶ̩ɽүʥϺүˡ
ʵһ֣аԵɣˣȽѺȥ
ҪǰԪߡ
ʥ
ʱԪվ˳
ףԪﲻˡΪֳԪ޷ӲλүȨƣǸ衭
ͷȨףԪ׸ֵʥϣԪɴҲ֮ʧĻڹͬүǸˡһҲ޷
˵ţŤͷԪݣʲôүǸ
ȾˣʵԪ˸ǰһ϶ûС
ȻʵۿڣԶִ̫̫ͨݵ
䣬Ժ󹬶һȺѺƺ԰м䡣
Ż㷲Ԫݣʱͬǣǰס̫䲻ס󣺡㣬ҡ
˶
̫δԸ̧֣ݺһƳԪϻ˹ȥ
ɤñƣѪԵ飬һƷСٽ磬㵹ã˼ƾԼ˭ǳȴ֮ǽǧҲΪ
̫һʮԪݱȵðǣմԼĶΪλ
ţָ̫ıȥȸүͷϴʱԭ㣬ǿĵͷѪҲ㡣
Ⱦˡԭ̫Ԫ׸һҲԪݵġ
ֻķӵҪػصöࡣ
ϣԪȥү֮˿ԭ£ԪݵĳͷҲϵĶȥ
Ԫ䲻׽ΪβϰԼ˵ʵʵĻүűߣʵʵؿͷ
ÿһͷԪдʣүˡүˡ
ү˷ţǰ˴򣬴˿ɫҰףͿ˼վһԵĻֵ̫̫飬ֱӿڱǣαڳ
̫һҭû뵽ڹеС΢ү˿̾Ҳ
Ǿ˵ģүĸǹŮΪ壬̫Ц
үʲôϲаƫģǲԸԭĵͷѪˡ
үһû˵ʲô˵Ĳһߵʵ۸ǰ
ڵأ֮ܽ裬һ԰˵壬νʿɱ裬ֻܱԸʥֹ
ʵڿڣַģ޶ķ֮ˡ
үҡҡͷףʥף׸̫̻Ҫǡ
¶ʲôģȻ첽ͤԲײȥ
ǰȾͷһδУǰȻһƬס
Դ⣬ڱϢ䡣
ţǶͷײϵ죬Ⱥľ˵ڵء
иѪϢϵĻʵȻʲôȥ̫ҽ
ʱ̫ҽִʳָүǼһͣڵأʥϣү죬ֻҩʯá
.
Ѫ˳԰ʯķ϶ʣһϢСϪ
ѪϪʪЬϵƣڽο
ãֻĿǿ˳ǵѪͷȥ
Բ֮µӲҰϻˣڵϣɴ˫ͬ㣬Ĺâ
Ⱦѹ
ǴϵĲ֦ƣжɣ˼𽥰еĿֻš
һֻ뻳С
جˣ
ͤɤǲ˯š
áȾԸģֻչе£ͷԶµûš
ͤû˵ʲô´ΪŮһˮݵߡ
Ⱦ֣ǳڹͷĲƽϢ
˿ȴû˯⣬Ůɫ͸żֲ԰ףáʥϿɻͷԪҵˣ
ԪﲻˡʥϵȻ
ͤƮƮ
šȾ˵ͷ˼νж񱨣үˣӦܵͷźá
δŲյֻֽ˽
˵ǡƬ̺ͤж񱨣˭ҲӲ
ȾԼãⷬƺζֻ룬Էֵ⻹Ъµĺãʡ˵˻һ˯š
˵ò޵Ⱦû˵ʲôɻͷϡ
ͤ豭ŻϣϨ˴ͷĵƣҲŮ


56 
, з¡
һʥϵСԪ﹬ϣү費, ߷ޣն
ڶ£ҲԪйأ˵Ҫӵöࡣ
ԭԪǼۣױֽ㽿ߣʮʱﶷ߹߻ʮʮĸF
Ȩ࣬ԪΪŰ裬ǳ˾, ˳֮ˡ
ԪΪƽϢɰı˸С٣ͳٰǷ֮ء
û߻ʵԶû˼˹ԪݸΪڵаŮ, ޶ɰΪٵļ, ̲֮ƽյ, ˽, 
κεظĸηԪڳϣǵΪǹٹ໤, , ޲ýյĹ趼ѹե
ֱԪݱεȴնϢɰʵİ޹˼, ֳũеײ, Ρ, һϾĸ״
νһʯǧˣһ͸ܹԪ޺˶վ˳ìͷָԪ⣬е׸Ԫ䣬аԵ޶ó廨ŵ֤֤
ϧԪƴ뽫߸ٲҪһ򡭡
.
ʹ鷿С
޹ڽ¯ʵۿŹ۵꣬ü伸ֿƣǧѷĺûᣬ޵ûһԪҵ棬ֻǡ
¿кǣ
Ѳ³˼ͤȴδԣֻ˳Ļʵ
鷿Ĺǲţֻλĸһź򣬻ʵ۲ڣҲʵѡ֪˭Ԫ˽µĺá
µ˼ǡԪƴ˶Ӧ£Ӧ£Ҳֻţ񲻴ǧѷĻ᣿
ȻҡǻʱΪԼıߵĻţʵ۶ͤΣ֪ʲô
ͤףסйâ֮Ԫңǲ֮ѡ
ңʵ۲̫ȷĻ˵ġǻ̫ĸķң
ǡͤҴ壬ڳиȹ̣Ϊ಻ηԪȨƣܹƺļ塣
ʵ۳Ƭ̡
Ȼʱұˮݣ÷ѹԪңҲʧΪһ⡣
ϸ˼һڳеĳӣʵ۵ǲ磬޾ɷ̫ʦ
̫ʦѸߣδؿ˽ǣԪֵò졣ͤĻһҪ
˭
飬Ǳ
ʵһ㶣ЦԭΪμЩ޸Ӧгɼǣû뵽㵹̹
ͤ治ɫΪߣһͬʣǱʢԪҶ¡
ʵ۵ͷ˵Ҳе
ͤĻ£Ϊļӣ˵͵óɻҲһ꣬Ҳкˣ
ͤٿڳϡƽͱ¹ģ½ж಻֪
ʵûв껰е⣬أԵ˵ͷ˵õҲǣΣӦȱһݴ񣬲ɿ˽ĺӡ

ԵĶȾףֽ̧¨С
Ůϴһ˿Ц̲壬£ڽƽ⣬вĵģ
ԾԴб֮ϣӶһԡ
ȾŻȻԼһģƻʱ֡
⴫СѾߴߴҪ˵үҵ˱Ҳǻá
ɲҺñˣȻҪ˼ҵĺŮ
ĵģȻԪҹүǼ¡
÷зֻ¾ϵķ䣬լеѾСˣҲ˲֪˲
Ⱦԭչüͷ𡪡ԪֻԪȨ΢ˣˣֻԪҳĻ̫׸Ԫ䣬ҲδػɾĶȥ
ͤڳйһˣǾٲά衣
üչ֮ʣѩ֦ƿˣЩˣҪȥ
ͥԺֲľٻϻոµĵש˵ҲҪ£ȾͤᵽڿµԺס
ΪŮ죬ЩУֻÿջƻʱǶ뿪󣬲ŻȥͥԺתƣ˳Ӳ췭½չΡ
ѩ֦֪ϰߣÿյʱͨ
Ⱦгȥɡ
.
ͤù鸮û޷ƼȾӰϳᳵ·Ժ
δżŮ°׳ȹͷԺֲĴ
Ҷϡ裬֦Ҳǹͺͺģͤ߹ȥʲô
ˡȾعͷվ⻪ͬЦЦ˸ӣϸţ
ͤģŵζ
ԭǹȻڲͬˡ
ϧڽҪȵƮ㣬ֻеȵꡣȾʱ𻨸ҲãҲգԸ㣿
Ⱦǵʱзڣжμׯۺ͹𻨸⡣
˵Ѳǵʲôζмֲ
׺ĽͤͷԹ𻨸⣬˿̳ȥΣ
Ⱦһ㶣˫ǹ⣺ð
.
ٰԶĸָ̣Զûг߹ȥ
˵δױ磬˲ߵһһ··˵Ŀ⡣
̣Ⱦѡù𻨸⣬Ҫʱϰ忴ˣλؾӺ
ʶң
ȾȻۡ
㲻ʶϰЦֻɰ˵ٰӺɰ޸ֺãɲǶλ𣿡
Ⱦò˼ѱõͭǮݹȥ
ϰæ֣ҪãӺٱ꣬ǹҫˣҪǮ
ִƴǣȾΪ֮ʣͤеͭʰ˹ȥ̿ڻϡ
ؿղգҶպ
䣬ϰٶ˵ʲôֻͭǮĿһԶ
ֻ红ͯ㣬һö𻨸ͣԵӣﻹһģҲȫΪġ
ʱ磬ɫȴѰ
ؽ̵ֵɫʵƣˮѤõƵӳںУʢ
вˣǷУȾҧһ˿˿Ĺ𻨸⣺һֱһѰޣҲǺܲ
ͤ΢һյġ
š
Ⱦͷ
Ըһգͤڳ֮վȣҲٵľͺá
Ⱦû˵ʲôֻ߳Ա߹䣬ֱĳʳ
ͤǣ֣ĿⲻɨȺϲٷޣźӳš
еСĸǣУеڸ׼ͷ߸߾
ͤԺУٴ鷿ʵһ͵óɻҲһ꣬Ҳкˡ
ͬΪŮӣԸȾһУΨ˺ӡ
ɻԭµķǱ
ͤκ¿ڣ⡣
ţ
Ⱦû̧ͷ
¡ͤЩͣʱˣǻЩȥĺá
ȾãͤԼʲôԼĴɣûж룺á


57 
Ԫһ, ԪΪ׵ԪҳҪֵöࡣ
ԪѱְӼ, ֮ԪڳеĹϵ̸ڣײ鲻ʲô
ǱҲǻµʱ䣬˺ôʳµУһ״ֽд£дʮžᣬʢںλ̧鷿֮С
ᳯ, ɱУܻһ׮׮һԪɵȣԪݷĴֱС׼ף㲻ʲô
ʵۿЩĵҹ, ͷ۷, , ֱʱԺת, ǲ˽ͤн
һ밲֪ʥϴٳкҪ£
ʵʾ⹬˽еľݸͤ, 俴, ʵ֪к
ͤ򴽣ԡ
ʵ۵ݸݾͷԪкͻ̫޸ϵ, ϸֳ, Ԫ˽´ӹͱ̥ҩ, ʹԵĹл
֮еˣһѪĵ⽣Ӱ
̫˾٣ıɱá
ǵ֮ĸʵûзͤʶȤʲôû˵
ʵѵó̾һȻһĸԺǿû뵽֮¡
ͤһļ
õԼɫ̫ǰУʥӦһŶԣֻ
˵ǡ
ʵ۵
ֻ̫ʺЭӡգԼֻպй֮޲˹з
ͤһ˵ʵĿ
յǻʱ򣬾δȶ󹬵ķӡһֱĸѳ֣Ҳʱ佻ʺϡ
˵⣬ʵⲻԸ׿˵ͤǰ˵˵޸Ǻá
䣬ֵĸµĴǴҲ˵ùȥ
֣̫ͤʱͿŻвֺα̫֮Ҫطӡ𽹬ǡ
ʵ۵ͷĸֶ˵ݶЩ˵׻ΪޣǾͰһˣȥ
.
𽹬У̫ϴ
ΪͷĹŮС³°˿ǰ׸˱ְ̫ƢղǧٱЩ澣в⵽
˭֪ԸΥԽСģеȴ֪Ϊβסһ˿û̫һ
ˡˡŮæū澴Сķ˴
˶̫οһƻ˹ȥһֻĸʧƣǺΪɣ
ЦֻҪһջʥϵĸֲ˭ﵽͷϣ˵Щūš
δ䣬ȴһϣʥּ
̫иֹˮ֮ץסݣҴӭ˳ȥſڡ
Ȼڿּ̫ͬһ߽ͬͤʱеĹʱɢò׶˳һ˿ЦҲȻ޴档
̫˫סͤǺ޲Ŀܻӣһ١
ûʥּ˵Щʲôֱ̫ߴ٣̫ýּˡ
ʥּ̫һľȻؽӹȥ
λֵ̫ｫӡóūźý
ӡ
̫͵ػعʥּֿȥ৵ذѪɫʧŵأû
ĻʥҪæֻ²ÿա
ÿգ̫ǿһ˿񣬡£ҲŶԡ
̫ЦŵūǷ£̫
һūҲ䣿
̫ЦһУΪ˻ϣȻС˲ԣҪӡ˵Ҫȥ߻ϣĸҪб£Եǰʥּ
еСˣȻָľͤ
̫һΪѣ֪˵ʲôá
괹ۣ˫ָ󣺡ʥϹæֻ覵ü̫̫ϽӡǱֻеˡ
˵ţͤʾĽǰϸЩؽӡѰؽʥϡ
ǡ
˼ɣֳֺӧǹ޵ڴȥ
̫ϵǾȻ󵨣æҪȥ
ţ޵еĹ˲ҿͷ
ӡͷڴͷ۵λãܿҵͤǰ
ͤĿ⣬ʾԷ佻̫ϡ
½˳⡣
ֻһöӡɲ֮䣬̫Ʊ˳߹ͷ㣬Щ̱ڵأֳأĿڵƵڵѪ
һ󲻹Ϊϵ٣Ϊˣôù£ͷֻˮһա
ɲʱ̫뵽ʲô̧ͷͤ㣬ڱ
ͤǵ¹ٲǱ£֪Ǻ⣿
ǡǱֺԵ𽹬̫һһޱֳ˿ݣĵ
Ƥ𣬶ⷬû¶˿𾪣ԭﶼǵá
ֱ˿̣̫ʶĹ辭ӪһУԻּС
סؿڣŻһѪʹȥ
αļͤӻúŶԡ
˵գ̫˵Щʲôת߳⡣
̫ͤ߳ĺ㺦ñ㲻գ³һҪǧ򱶣ǱʬҷظڣȸȥҲʽ򡭡
ͤŲ˶٣ûлͷԻ̫֮ţڲ뿪𽹬
ǰּ̫Ʋ˵ĶԻֻЦŵҲΪʥ룬һż˵ʲô˵ĻˣȥЪϢ

ﺮٿСı㣬ԭѩ
ͤȥɫף֪仹ǱԵʣΨβԺ졣
ڹС˼̹۵߳æǰϱõĺ£ӣҪȥ
ءͤ壬ظȥ
.
֮УŮ˯ѣȻ֪ͷѩ
̼յȾǵ䣬һѩ׵¶ڱ⡣
ֱϮӦۡ
ֻͤڴϣżô£ͷںˮĵƵᡣ
Ⱦ첻ʱͱ˽гţӦǸմͷ
ô䣿
ţȾȴ֣Ҫչůů͡
ͤһջش֣úܣö㡣
ȾںֻͤУԼδҲ̫
ѵͲ¶Լ
ȾִҪסͤ֡

סֱ˲䣬Ⱦ˿
Ϊ˲ͤߣȾֻӲͷƤ˫֣ͤů͡
Ůָ˳ͤǽڷ˫ֱԵýöࡣ
괹ţ۵׺ڡ
ͤͷŮѼ䣺⡣
šȾƺɤƣʲôģ
ûУҺܸˡȾŽɣͤԪҵѵ̨պ󲻱Ϊҵǡ
ͤ˵ȻİգȾ˿
·Щʱѹؿڴһʯͷɢ
ֵò֪˵ʲôãͤˣЪһɺã
첻ͳţҲġ
ȾŲȦԼ˯ů͵λøͤó
ϸO@ͤ˯£ɵԡ
ѩأѹ֦׹
̴ѩİѡ


58 
˴, Ⱦͤһֱ˯󣬷
, ôһƬ׹⣬ôۡ
Ⱦæѩ֦ƿȻѩˡ
ͷһѩõʱľ죬˳Ҫͷȥȴͤס
ùţٳſѩҲ١ͤȰõס
Ⱦͷ, Ҳ˵ֻЦ
֪Цﲻ⣬ͤԲʣЦʲô
Цʲôʱ裬ѩ֦Ҫ߶
Ⱦδ˵꣬ѱͤѹ.ڴ齼, Ƽ, ׾ٵסŮ˫ٵͷס
ͤҪⷬ, һֻԲļȥ
Ⱦ, 뵽ԸԼ
ƫѲͤƼֻӲţЦû, Ứ߳һذ, 
ͤΪ
Ⱦֻñŷģ, ִ, ӡ
Ůԭѩ׵, ֵķۺ졣ƫȻԼĽ̬ӻͤ
ͤһ֡
Ⱦʱӣ˲ӴӿҪȥš
ּͤۿס֡
ȾΪҪ۸Լʱͤڣͷˣá
.
ҲױͤȡᣬڴϸΪŮ纷
һ˫ִֽ֣Ūͷɢŵڷࡣ
Ⱦã㶷֮˵ּʢʱȵʹһٰıԺ˵ã뿴ѩҹЩʱշ٣һͬȥɺã
ͤýͷ̺ãŮعͷ˫ģȻǺõúܡ
ת뵽
ֻȥδҲ̫µֳɩɩһҲԸһȥǸ֣
ͤвӦ֮
ùţȾҲ˲ѩȥҵ¡
ŮѩˣȾĻٰıԺ˵ҵûȥֳֻ벻ҽݣ޸ˡ
ԴˣȾ⣬Ҳû˵ʲô
.
תۣ㵽˳ɻĵڶꡣ
ŵƽʣ磬һǼ磬߷ѡ
ּ˵˶ϡ٣Ҳѫ֮ңֽͤһ˲ٳֱ֣æò࣬Զǰĳŵ
޶ˣеٺͻۻĸŮټСŮʮˣеĳӵҲС
һùźִʱպ硣
Ⱦ߳ǰһԺڰɽӳ֮䣬ǽܽ
ʱֵգɽѩδڣһʢҶǽͷϣһȤ
շͤдֱֵǰֳ˵Щ
󣬱ԺѾСվһأٴа㲻ҷ㶯
ͤԣһףùܼҴ·
Ⱦͣ½ŲЩˣͷúܣҶɢ˰ɡ
ֶѩ֦Ҹÿ˷һǮ͵ͷЩԡ
ȷ޶Զ˷ǾĹˣִ󷽣һͣɾµǮǱҪơ
ɲԶԶž͸ƵģүվһϵҲҲôǶԵġ
ѾһһΨһλҺȹСѾûгĿд⣬ʧķ
ԵԲѾƲ룬æסֶ㵽ĵͱˣǿӣūФģ˵ˣǰ绨ӣᡭ
Ǵÿԡ
˭϶ԷмһЦ༥ū澵ģźӵģФ룿ңѵ㲻һ仰޲檲͵ӣҲˡ
µˣм͵ȵģ
ڱԺһϴѵˣͱҪץ͵ĺûᡣ
.
˰յȾЩ
ʱ򣬹ܼҪţæ˽ﱸõĸɫȶ
ڼ㣬ɽҩ⣬׷嵭ʧζ
Ⱦǳǳ˼ڣֻüϸۣ˳ڿ˾䣺
һźĹܼæ˿æ
֪Ե㣬ÿմӽʲ㣬ߵؼɽҩʹ׶Լҵĵ軧ֺãϸѡģˣ⼦Ȫģͷˣͷ廹۵ģͱ𴦵ļȫȻͬ
˵ţæȾ
Ⱦʱ£Ȫ
Ȼеģ޷ֺͷūѴɨøɸɾȪ
ȾæĻˡ
ȳԷҪͤ鷿æŴģ˼һܡ
Ⱦţ˵Ȫԡãܻƣۣǲͤæ꣬һȥݡ
.
ٰǵͬͤɽϵıԺľţȷǸõط
Ⱦùţվ˯˰ʱ𴲣ѩ֦ڱԺתȦ
ɽıԺûôٰིйٻ˼ҵĸլռҲҪöࡣ
Ⱦת˰գҲŹԺСߡ
ȥ۹ܼ˵ȪͷԱ߻ר˼ӣӦǹȪЪϢ
бʯСߣһϪּ䴩Ϫ渡ߵĲݵϲѩмλѾ崷¡
ԭˮǴһȪģʳȵģǶڴ˴ϴ£Ҳᶳ֡
ϪˮŶһ㱡СϷ

Ⱦһصĺֱͯʱ֣ߡ
ջûһͤҲ鷿ˡ
û˵ʲôȾǿüۼ䵭ƣ
Ⱦ֪ΪɣͤҪæºܶ࣬ΪԼŻ᲻ͣһͬԺ
߹ȥ᲻ص̫ͤѨֽԼյļš
˵һ룬ǵ飺ʱ磬ۣȥȪɺã
صҲá
˵ȥȥҪȥȪѩ֦æë͵ȪǱߵ
ͤһŵһǣŶȾ֮С
Ͻ磬лů¯Ȼ⡣
̼£ֻãߵȪϲŽ⿪
ϮȾæԼȪУʱһ̾Լ˶Ʊٿ
ţˮ΢ͤҲ˽
Ⱦش˸Ƿ˯ͤɾЩ
šͤףˡ
ֻһ䣬Ⱦ̵ģȪζ£ܽȪȥͺˡ
ͤҪӦĿȴס
Ⱦ˳ߣͷԼϿһۣʱͨ죬ͬתȥ㡭
ôҲûϵԼıɴ£ˮȻữ͸ʪż˵ġ
ƫͤɤŵЦʲôҺα裿


59 
ͤⷬ, էһȷû⡣
ͶȾѲ֪׹ٻأĪ˵ʪ͸ɴ, ŴƵģҲ
ڴ֮䣬¶Ȫͷ컯ҹ
ȾȪͷȥ᲻ˮů
룬֧ʹͤҵȡһϵ
ˮȾ˿Ϊͤˣ˭֪䲻, ڶǻͣҪǲ£ѵͲ
٩Ŀǣһ˿Ц
ǡԽԽˡ
Ⱦ޷޵룬ǰͤ, ˵ֽĻ
Ůҧ, 㲻æ, Ҫкſڵѩ֦ѩ
̴ͤʪסĴ, ɤˡ
Ⱦ㿿Уûü룬ƴO@
Ҳ֪, ʲô֮ͽ, ʱʶ£ͤ
깴𴽡
˵ĽŲͣ, һͷŮ˵, ϵ, ʲô£
ʵ˺ٺһЦƴִ𻰣飬ǺóʱûˣҾ롭˵˵
ŮǣĻΪȻȫҲ˵㲻ǸӵģҺ㱾ûпܣȰ㻹Щĵĺá
ȫȴûбĻֻŴȡʲôҽר̵ϸģ㿴ϲ
ȾˣԭǱԺһ͵Ļᡣ
ȪһȦ񣬺ܺõסյĵƹ⣬ı˲ĵǽǡ
ȫóƺʼԥ
ŰɡȫȰΪ˸ӣҴ˺þõǮɽ󷽣ǮһչǮ
ݵĳţȾ²ŽŮǷ¶Էһ⡣
һٹ˲ñ˵ЩʲôعͷĿʾͤĪҪҶ
ŮдŰ󣬵ˮ٣ͤĻ
괹ͷ۰׶ģڴ˴ֻҸ֣ʲô
ȾǰǶʯѳɵȪرڣ޴ɶ㣬ֻͤԴָȶȱȪˮ
ˮһһļһֻҵֱУȾҲֲ便䵽δ
Ⱦҧס´һޣﻹԶ˵Щʲô
Ҳ֪˶ã˵ڱСٶԶȾȴ˫ֳڰرߵʧ
һЩ³ȥȴּͤۿ뻳С
Ⱦδץ䣬΢Ŵƫƫȴڴ˿̳룬ŻסĴ
ݾȾͷ췱ǡ

ˮżǻգƳһĻһʸ
Ⱦʧšʶج壬򰶱֣ҪץסЩʲôȴֻһգסһűѩ
ţͤǽڷĴֱ㸲ʮָϷſ
ѩսʮָ֮䣬һѵˮգŮ۵ĸ첲ʣ֪صˮ֮С
ȾãͤѩҪ顣
ԼٰģҲΪֻѵһأ⾡ˣǹ
޳ܡ
ȾҪȴǰҲû˵
ⲻ֪Լ̬ȣͤ÷֡
Ůֻͤڵճ죬βԴذŰأ֣ˮкᱧصȥ
գ˶ȹʱͻشЪϢȵʱҪȪһݡ
ͤȪȤҪĹĶᵽߵ粽Լӡ
ǿ˶ȾͤȪǺôۣ˭֪굹ǾˣԼȴǱ˾˵ҲһȫǱҧĺۼü˵λҲ
˵ʲôҲȥˣ˵գȾ㳤ɩȥ棬뿪Ȫߵӡ
.
ٺؾŮۻһ룬Ǽʲôʱ˵ɽϵļ֣ٱȥ䡣
ȾһʾҪһȥ
Ϊ˲̫ۣ沶ùܼӱѰ˴ĸɾѣԼϣɽ
ϵļУĴǵصزǴСϱϲΣȲٰĺãһȤζ
Ⱦͬۻع˰գŴظ
ûмŻԼǱߣȴڵͷۻʶѩιɽ髸⣬ѧĺӿڽԼ
ֱ춼ˣټȾĥĥ䲻ϻأЦŴߵʱأǼȵý
ȾŲȥء
ҲʲôĽڣֻվһͷ̵ߡ
.
վֱߵС֮УϪ͵ϵ°á
Ů룬ָڷʼһһƷ˿ڶͷ
žչأԼԵܹӵı
׼һ˿ڼ飬ŵƳȪķȥ˵ӺЩʱնЪϢֳţһˣܴõĻ᣿
һ·ߵȪ·ϲû˰ء·ƽ˼Ҳû˻ûµʱ
Ī˵ȪܣӺ޷⣬Ҳˡ
״ϲҲԼҪõӴ˭Ҳˡ
ϨеĵƣСƿǰķš
ŵƣѬ㣬ǰϻŮŵΨӵӰ
֡ǰĴЩ˷˵ӾȪĪǱڲˣ
ɲͷȴˣ
֪⻰ʵĿ϶Լȴûֳǰ˼
΢΢ˮ³ͷԡԼʱ򣬲ӿ죺ӣū澡
ȥ
ŻƵ´ɤȻ仯Ϯ
һ㶣վԭأǵû˳ȥ뵽ܵõֻܼ޸ȫ޷򣬽һ绨˶ܹģ
Ψһĸᣬҧɲܲ˵ߣӡūźԡɡ
Ҳ֪ʲôͷڶѸ֮Ʒ˹ȥ
ŵ˫һڵء
ͤѻȻϵ۹ϡ
ԡͰ֮п°ڶˮǴӱİ㣬ʵʲô
鲻ԣǰ֮˵ϣͷӵĻūʲôûū澡
һǡ
ţ֣ͤЩ
ԣ㷲ͷһ˿ϲԼӼԼò᲻óͷҪЩԵ顣
վߵߵͤǰƳһÿæͷӡ
δ䣬麬ߴӵ϶ʱ˫ĿԲɣѪɫ԰ף˵ֻ˫Ӷţ˿Ҳ˲ùأҪְֻ⿪
ۣ̬ͤϵȸ˼֡
ȵùϰ֮ˣϢ֮䣬ѾԼҪ졣
ʱһ㵵ɤſڴʲô
ںֻһɿ
һͬʱˤڵأ˫ɤӣ˺ѷεؿ
ȾôҲû뵽ԼջײһĻ첽СܹȥѾʵû°ɣ
ڿȣ˵
ͤȾǴݲȣĪҪ룬Ѿ߳ϴʱ͵ҲҪһš
ȾŽɣŤ飺ģ
黹˵ϻкӷһԲϣҪ
ͻȻײֻԼһغ
ѵסϢҪػɤȴ𣺡ʻΪβ𣿡
꣬ǱϢٶϮٿͤĻ˵ġġ
Ⱦ˿
ͤŮӵݲ֪Ϊܣ˶
Ⱦ㷽šʲô
׷޶ΪζʣҡҡͷлдãȻūʲôƼ͡
ͽͤס˺
Ⱦ𷽲ſƼǺ˵һĻͤǸʲôСѾߣطϣһذա
Ƴ˹ڵϵŮһۣҲա
æؿͷллӡ
˭ֿ֪ͤڣóȻߣ֪㲻ٷˣȽ
껰䣬ԽЮסĸ첲ϡ
黹ҪģȴƼе⡪һƳ֪ΪΣ׹ӵУ価Ǻ⡣
ɲʲô͵زʼգûŹνһ˵λˡ
κΪʱһ߱ϣ˻źģūһ
浽˼ŮᶮãŤͷ֣ͤڹе˵ʲô

ӵСѾߺܿͱסߣԵ˽ʰо֡
ع徲ͤڴϣζȾһɾӣΪԼʪ
ŮһԲͤȴ޷Ĭⷽšɻ̫ĺݣ
ڳĶȾһ㶣û뵽ֱͤ˵ʳ
ҲǾ󣬲عԼûײλѾǵͤϣ
ͤʣȾǲ
̾˿ԼĿԣס㲻ѾӦңҪһ𣿡
˳ס֣ģǵ֮ͽ
ͤعͷŮľѼ䣺Ϊ㣬Żʱ˽

˼Լڿ
Ⱦװƣ˸ǷˣЩ˯ɡ
˵ţȥ
ƴ͵͵Цţͤ䣬һͬ


60 
ͤɽϷ羰, ѩһԭƻڱԺ, û뵽һ㵽˵ʮգƿҪʰŻٰԪڣȾŲò뿪
ʱװѱӱյþߣȵ뿪ʱӣǹܼϹĵز籡ǴѼ, Ƶɣнյľס
ͣԺǰ˽Գ͡
ͤڷԸܼЩʲôȾ¿תۻ档
Цſϲ, ʲôʱҪһ¡
Ⱦʵ, ڨڨջ֡
ͤ, ɽһĻС
, µסȾ󣬾Ҫ͡
ȾȴһҪ£ȻǶҪˣձѾ, Ҳ÷˰ա
ͤ۵һĺ, ˵ڵĻȴºҲá
Ů磬ڶȾԵİѩҶѩȥ¡
ܿ, ѩҶѩ۷, Ⱦ
Ⱦ, ⼸Ӧûʲôɣ
ĻѩҶһޱ飬ûС
УҲҪˡ
ǵĵܿ죬٣ǽѾȥʱһûüг㳹˽ᡣ
Ⱦ˿Ǿͺá
ɽ·ҡҡλΣƿ֦֮䣬΢ڻ衣Ŀȥ̫ķǲԶٰǡ
.
ȿȡ˽˳ӭ޵֮Уֻʣ´Ŀȡ
ͷůȴղߵ𽹬С
ˮڷﴲϵŮŻ£˿ȴһѩףˮȿȿȡ
ÿ˵ϰ仰ҪҵؿϺһ
Ҳ֪˶ãλСŮ߽޵˱ˮݸҪˮһκȸǣһҪʹǡ
̫ӹӣֻñǸһ״ɣˮҲǱġ
Ǵǰ⹬ŮǰצԼ㹬У˷纮̫ûУֻֿ˼ˮκȵãˮ
˭֪˻˵ãһ˵źĹŮüЦﱾúܣҪʲˮһʱŪʱͬգҲͽźȰɡ
ȿȡ㡭ôĵӡ̫ԭѵ˭ϹŮѺﳤȥ
̫̾ƽֱߵˮѲ䵽£ʪء
ڴϣֻʶĵһϸңһֻ֩ڽ
ͷ첻Ӧеصز³԰ֱԼӽ㹬вŲʡ
İ
˼ˣ̫Ȼſ˫ۣ֧ŴӴ
ȡһ˿ŮԥϢ¶ģҧԼʳָ
ѪӱҧƵָ߳ûмŰ̧˿ߣʱѪã̫ҧһڣֱѪд˿
һУдѪ˿䵱У´
̧ͷϸϸ޵еٿȥʵһͷͣ㡣
󣬻̫⿪Ľһͷɽᣬ׵ͷȥ
˼ľ˴ýһ˴һ滨Σվϣڰеᡣ
гߵ̫ϷԼ
㿴ͷعΪ룬ּһʥϿͤҰĵĿ
ж϶̫ͷȥ߷µӡ
滨α߷ĶŴļСŮС
ɹ̫˭ҲԸ⶯ȴվǼɵ̫ݣ֪˭˵Ҳ֪ͷλҪʲôǳﲻͣ
ôţҲӣոź㻹Ƚȥĺá
ߴٵСŮ޻˵Ҳ֪˶ãվȥˡ
ţɱ쳹޵ļ
ԵĹæѶһ˫ЬĽţڰյлλơ
Ьͷ˿ߣǶ飬òϿҲµó˫ŵ˭
ڣ֪˭ӦɤӺһ䣺̫̫Ծˡ
.
λƣʱʻٰǡ
ʮձԪڣϵļзֽ֣ųȾС
ֱִٰĽǰ徲˼֡
Ⱦ֣ͤһ󼱴ٵԶת۱ͣ˸ǰ
ӡϵĽҴҵмʥٽ
żȾжȻһ˿ԤС
ͤȴһƵᣬֽϵĺãصģȥȥͻء
˵գܼͤҺСǣһƥ
һޣ洫Ľﳤȥ
ȾվԭأıӰʧߵУеĵԻ
ֱͷ󣬵ûȽݵĺá
ȻعǿһЦ֮ߡ
.
ͤ˹󲽳ǰߣֱ鷿⡣
ɫδüֻ⣬ȴʥϴ
ܿ죬źڻʵԵĴ̫ӭ˳ʥͽȥ
˵ţѹɤӣֻ̫ް𽹬ʥϴŭǧҪġ
ۣͤһȻġ
.
鷿Уȴա
ͤ밲ʵ۴ǺͺȴһԲĿд̽ꡣ
ʱ䣬һλɳ
ͤʲôҲû˵ֱʵǰ಻ס˿ڣ¼ǵãǰ̫𽹬ʥּǰȥģ
ʥϣǡ
겻̬Ϊ߻ʱʵģ֪뵽ʲôиһζ
ˣĸڹйò⣬ҲӦ֪ǡʵʵ˴ݺΪȴû˻߹£Ϊʲôûˡ
ʥϢŭͤ治ɫԴˣ΢Ҳ֪
㲻֪ʵ޿̣һȡӵǰĸǰ޵Ѫ飬д֮𣬲Żⱨ𽹬
ͤǷѪӹݲɨһۡ
ʵÿҲµõ̫дʲô
ǲϵǲϧΪ룬ҪûʵԼ
ͤ˫ǷѪ飬ޱȹؽ³лϡ
ʥģԸǱһְʥϲٻҲ١
ԭͤĻʵۣû뵽˵㶣ʵĪΪµ治ң
ʥӡ̧ͤףĿֱ̹̹ӣ¶Ǿ
ǣһ¶Ǿʵɤˡ
ԭ⿴صĴ̫߽վͤʥϷ䣺޵ּ⣬ͤ²ְٺ»٣빬
һ仰ƬǰƵϷɴˣ㱻ȥ˹λ
ǻн֮λţ졣
ˣֻҪ캰صʥϿͤȴɫл¡
.
ȾĲȻõӦ֤
ȥͤλʥ⴫ʱһʯͷ˵أɫݵߴּ̫࣬ܰοֹĵ٣ɩصģȻû˹ְҲпպ
㵭ٰοĻ˵ڣֻ˻ֱͤԺ뿪

һͤȾ¹һ
ġͤʥϷŭ٣δҰ֡
Ⱦ˿ûˣѹǡʥϵ³ˣ
ֻͤСĵģǿɰ
ΪöȾģ̫ް˵
ֻΪ˲ŵͤȻûѪ£ֻ˵ʥϽĸ֮ǨŭּԼϣŻ´ּ⡣
ԣȾüͷʥδҲ̫
ˣ˵ڹ֮Уȴ֮ǲҪ˵ĺá
ͤģŮһƷ˿Ҽ޹ְҲٺ»ɻõķ
ȾͷδƼеϷʡ
ҧ´֪˼ʲô˰ΣŮͤվ߽䣬ױǰѰƬ̣һ캣ĺУ߳
Ⱦд򿪣ͷǵʱҵ强ǷвֵǮӡ
ȡͷһԿףԿףǿױӵġǲ
δ˵꣬ͤ󣬽뻳С
Ⱦ˫ֻУͷĶγ
ֻϣ޵̾Ϣ⣬ɵǽҡ
㴿޹ŮͤȾȴУһ޶С


61 
ͤʥ϶ȥɹְ, û֮ôء
٣նȾδкβ֮ͬͤ䲻ڱ, ๫ҪӣٲҪ鷿æµ
תԪԭǴڸжȹ˭֪θͷţ˵η˺óʱûŮҪϷضθڡ
Ⱦò⣬ȥ鷿ͤ
꿴ͬ˴£ж˼ĸ, æ꣬ʱȥθɺã
Ⱦϲ⣬æǲ˻ţױ磬һոµѡ
ͤ׼ʱ, ˵ʱ, ǰʱ
ٹһ, ִָ̫ξϡ
޶Ŵֱ, һȥŮ죬һȥݼδˡ
Ⱦմѩɫȹͷѩ׺˳Ⱦ, ϲ졣
һŮ, ڻ͵Ķη϶˼Ц⣺ŵҲЩģˣɩɩںԺϷ, ȥա
أ
Ⱦ̫ͬξ밲
鷿, ȥ, æˣ֪Ҳ١
˵ȾҲûǿԺϷȥˡ
ԺϷĽŮ죬ȾĿ⳯Ͷ
δϣֱɩѩʵ˵ӱʥϸְǿɻã
Ⱦ㶣֪ԭҶ¡
ͶɩҺͷһаá
ɤСܵ
ѩϸϸһȷŮɫ糣ȥǿջЦӣ˿
±ã˵⼸չʳʣҹ£ؽռ㣬ȻҲͷˡ
ƿеĹȻָ̫ξ
Ⱦû뵽ԭᷢأҲ֪ͤ˵ЩʲôԸĪҪǨŭϵĺá
.
鷿ͭѬ¯̴㣬ƿеĿ֦ߴӳ֦ɡ
̫ξͤġ
Ϊٶ̩꣬ɽǰ治ɫı£ȴǲüͷΪʲô
֮ͤϣ̫ξȴ꣬ԷÿһӣҪ˼Ƭ̣еİ䵽ô۵λá
ڰȥϺڰ׷ͷǶ̫ξӮˡ
ͤһ費ʰ¨УɹǺա
̫ξ̾º룺ϰ꣬ɣҪ˵߳ĪΪӣԳΪ̣ΪΣ
лͤһ١
ˡСޱ۵ϵʯҲδĥ͸񶮺ΪΪӣԳΪ̣
̫ξж˼⣬һźŮ˳ȥ
߽䣬Դȡһͤǰ֮ϡ
ֻǱƤ壬ͷδ֣էȥǱ۵ֲᡣ
֪Ǻ⣿
ͤڣɤԴɻ
ⱾϷΪٶ꣬ڳõʼµһЩ˼̫ξͷЩˣҵĺѾʶѧҪæǶһ֮
֮⣬вٹԱ֮£С̫ξȥĴˣؽõϵʱ򡣡
ͤûж
̫ξ˿̽ЩϣڸԼͬһϵġ
񱻱ᣬɵĹְûסõ̫ξֺ
ǡʲô
ͤ䲻ʵǸ߿Сֶ䵽ҵϣɲϰóպΪ
̫ξҡҡͷʥǣոϻ磬ϼ꣬ﻹõЩĶǵĶ
ͤһڣ̫ξֵϷھжۣ˷ųϵ꣬ׯ˼ȥҲֻ
ͤǴˣף̫ξͻȻ˴󷽣ֻҪĶԼδԸø
˲Ϣ֮䣬˼תȴɹ֪ɱϣλֳֺٰαԶԼ£
̫ξûڣΪϷ
˵ţۣǰꡣ
ԼŮͤɣ̫ξƷǰ㷴ԡ
һּҽ޽μ΢Ů޹ȥҲصܵŵѡ
ּλᣬ¹ʢ⣬δؽжɽ֮ա
û뵽ͤ䲻Щ竲ùͷ
̫ڹУټʥϵķӦʳ֮еֻҪɵӣµóͤѲϵ
ټȥȵްʱ˵˵ʥϣһԵıֻ̫ͤҽ
̫ξȥ
ͤŮ˵һپ٣ȴʵʵһ
ֻԼھЩʱգ껹ҪʲôŮҳӣкȥڡ
ЩԶԶģܺùڲ
̫ξϲϷһ󲻶࣬ؼƽ޲ɣڣҲһ⣬ҵŮصߡ
ͤУ׵̼
һأûίߣ̧ۣ̹̹̫ͬξֱӣΪǸҲ岻ݴǣΨĪҪᡣ
Ϸ֪޶˸ƣǿѣ㣬ܰġ
̫ξδ˵꣬ͤȻ
һֻ¯¶ѹȥͤȴʲôû˵һǶ˶عߡ
ͤһһ䣬޲ýļʳ㣺ɲضǣСԸģ¶һƬģؿɼΥġ
˵ţͤ֬壬ָ΢΢
ֻһѳ룬ѿ·ͤģƻһӣʺѪڰ֮ϣĿġ
Ƹоʹ㣬ѻѻĳסΥģͬ㣬һΪա
.
Ϸʱ÷죬֪ɫѵŵʱ
һ˲ڣŮͬϯȾһ۱Ƽͤϲɴ
֣Сʵ壬ôὫŪ
ͤʧˤ壬в֣ⲻصġ
ȾŷƽȻӰ
֣ͤСѯʣ۲ۣ
ͤҡͷС˶ѣܿͻá
η˿Ůͤ꺮ů˶ֻ࣬۵ÿҪᡣ
΢΢üͷĿ̫ξ
˽˸񣬶̫ξ΢ɲҡҡͷη˵Ȼģû°дű
ֱùţ½뿪ȾҲʱָͬͤηȴס֣ĸŮò棬㵽ҷһͷ
һ翴ϷͷǱ紵˲٣Ⱦȸˡ
η˽ǰסĹ뷿
вóһΪԼͷȾƻصǵŮʱ⡣
жηȴüͷһ£ͬ㽲
ţ
Ⱦϰ˵ʱ֣µĿǣδϡ
ӣҲ֪ǻǸ
η̾ϢΪᷢĶûͣͤɽ֣סֱ£һЩ顣
ͤɽȾǰһǰЩʱȥԺԺҲɽϣлȥҽϷһݷá
η˴ĻҸ£㲻κ֪ͤ
ΪΡ
ûΪʲôֻҪӦҾС
Ⱦڲ׵أҷֻԹԵͷŮ֪ˡ
ηָḧķ˿ü¶ĸ׶е᣺гһգʲôѴȥ£ܰ㡣
Ըûһա
.
ӶθǱʱȾʱǰ죬ʹۣмֻ
ͤǣŮ֣ô
ȾҲ֪ĻȥûУֻͷǰߡ
ֱƿʵǷ֪ǽڳкβ˳ģ
ͤ΢Ҳ˵Ϊ£
ԣȾ㶵ȻˣʲôҪǹأ
һ˷㶼֪ˣ
Ⱦ̧ͷԭҲ֪
˵գʶԼĺ֪ͤ鷿һ磬ֻµҪǹٻ£֪ñԼ硣
ͤûмŻشĻ
Ⱦǰϵ޳ָϰʹȻǽѩ۵Ĳϣڷ䡣
Ůʱͷ˫٣ȴη˸ɴڼͷĴ١
ɺÿͤϰߵģ
ָڶȾڷסͷһͷϣͬеڷɢġ
Щ㣬ӮһĽߣѭѭյĿǣĸ˻ͬ˵Щʲô
ȾҪֲҧסͷ
ҡͷûʲôˡ
룬ֵ׽չ˺ԼͬƢ
ͤĿİҲ֪ĻûС
Ⱦѵöѣͷϰ£һֻ
ѩ߷ӵģڶθֻѩ֦ϲңöȾţղŽ깤
ͤҲͷؼҡ
һۣκɤŵЦش𷽲ŵĻƢãô֣
˵ţŮ˳ƹסӵ֣żһҲ޷֮䲻ģ
⣬ʲôöֻӰ㣬Զ治¾ͺá
Ⱦ˶٣û˵ֻԹԵͷ


62 
̫ξǹٻϢ, һס
ͲƽĹٳһʯǧˣһʱ˵, Ϊ̫ξΪЧͶ꣬ʱ꣬Ҳȴ˵ԸܵŮͤǣŲòԸǡ
ָĴ⣬ûдʵ۶С
ĸ˶ʵǰΪڴڼ䣬˹غҪ, һŲˡ
ڹЩʱգʵ۸̫ʱΪӣںǿʤԼ, ƫ̻ݡ
, ĸ׵ֺá
ƩʱʱȲ, ĸҹ۵չ, ֻ󣬸ԭΪƷСٵŮĸ, Ϊ࿴Ժյķ, ǻ绢, ˸๡
ԼȻͤ, ĸ𽹬, ֱǰҲټһ档
ͷûһոһգܸʵΨҹڷǰдģΪĸȣͶ̥˼ң˳졣
ҹվдֱҹų˷޴ȥ
߹ȣȴͥһѩӰʵ۵ʱͣ½Ųۿȥ
ԵĴ̫˭ڴ˾ʥϣ
ǵӰûжֱʵԿڣеɳߴ·ҳ޲
ĻԷ˿Ӱ߳
û뵽ĺУһλѩɫõŮӡ
ļϵ¸Ҫѩף촽ڷΨһ˫ӣ͸Ϻõ峺
Ůִٲ񣺡Ů;˴ԭ°˷ӣ뾪ʥϣ¿ˡ
˵գ˫ӵؿһۡ
ʵ۶ʱֻӹ˴롣
дһ˿ǣ¿ˣΪλٰУֻ˵ԭ
ԣŮӹڵأʥϵĻŮūˣȴĸԭˣȻҲ˵ԭĸţƯ
δ˵꣬˸
ʵ۲дǣڴ˿̻ϧͬ
ǰֽ
֮ʣֻů˱ǣ˻Ȼ֪δʵ˫ۣǰŮӡ
ɫ㣬Īˡ
Ϊˣͦ۾籦ʯеĹŮȣ˶˼Ҫ̽
ӣȻʵҲ룬˴ᱧڻС
һĸ첲ʵһɨ󲽳Եķȥ»ûüʣʲô֣
ѩŮüһ˵ڵȴǱҹ绹Ҫ᣺Ҷͷ裬ҶҶҶ
ʵ۹һЦ֮ģ֣á
Ůӽͷţʥޡ
.
ʥԭҪڹ£û뵽ŹʮգȻִعҴһŮӡ
Ϣգڹд
಻סձҪŴʥϾλŮӾԼ޵֮Уˣԭ˵ĹΪɣĳ趨ʡʺҲؼ
һ֮˾εģ˭Ҳ֪
ʵÿڳĲɣһ˳޵꣬ͬɽ֮֡
ǻʺʣнţҲ
ԭ»ԼŻʵ۵Ļʺ󳹵ģʲôʣŹԼӡ
Դˣʵ۸˼ɣ޲ͬλյʱʱ̲̿ÿһ𣬽ǰķ׵Ժ
ΪԶҶĳ谮ʵ۴һӣΪλֽڻʺ֮¡
Ī˵Ǻ󹬣ǰĴҲȥ׷ɣʥϴ˾Υƣϣʥջسں¶մΪãĪҪЧǵΪɫ֮
ʵ۳š
Щϳȴƻʺǰ㣬ÿø𾢣Ⱥһɣʥǲģѳ֮⡣
ʵۿԲʺȴ޷Щ֮
ɰȥʥּջ֮
ÿЩϳֻ÷ƣ
ʮڴ֮ʱҲ̲סü̾
̫ѨﻨʵʥϿ˷£
ʵ۲ĽǣֻѰ˸ͷǽ·æЩƣˡ
϶ûͣʥǾۣ檵и⡣
Ŷʵ׽ס֣ͷ޵˵˵ʲô⣿
˳ƿУǰ˵һΪůԴΪа˯ߵĹЧΪ˯ϰʱ˾ܹչޱȣʥϺβټܹɽɴ
ʵһʱ¡
գʣ֪Է飬ʵ۱ȲּҪ񲿵ȥ¡
˭֪ҹ鷶Ǳ빬
ǰʥϣ֮£޷ȥ
ʵۿУι۽ΪΣǮǲսж֧˾˶֧ЩǮǡ
Ǳûнͷ̧ʥᣬ²ܳɣǮ޹أԶҸůѵãһöҲֵǣοҪΪΪʥϴ˾ٹݣհ죬ֻ½ЧУѣڳ档
һ˵̣ʵֻ÷ơ
˻Ӹ¿ŷǱ֮ĪοͣĪ˵ůΪҲ㲻ʲôõϻ
ȷǱڣֵǲȻ˻ȥ
˵գʵɢɢеϣ·ˣȥɡ
˵棬Ǳֻ˳ȥ
ԭΪ¾ʹ˽ҹû뵽գ鷿֮Уʵۣͷһ˴˹ֱס
ӣϷҪȵ۴͵˭ң
ˣʵ۵Ϥúܡձ˵ķǱ游̫ʦְ֮ķݡ
ʷ˺£Ѵ鷿֮С
̫ʦʮɾ壬˫ĿһƼʵԵŭɶغȵƻʥ˲ƵĺͿ£
˵ţסǱϵӧı㳯
ʵ۴󾪣æֹ̫ʦǺ⣬֪ǰֽˣ˴治֮£֣Ѹߣ׷
ûͣʥˣȵͣ˽ȵۣԿնаʥԣӲ
δ䣬ֻŮӰһ̫ʦеıҼ硣
̫ʦһ㶡һֱԷǿԶģ˭֪ûж㣬ƵؿԼһۡ
ʵаӿˣѪ˿ڴæסҡҡ׹ˣһĿɿڴ̫ະʲô̫ҽ
̫ҽҩҴҸΪֹѪķӣ
˭֪Ҫһϣ̫ҽüͷչ˵ò󣬲ձȬһҪϲʥϡ
Ŷ
Ź۲飬ˡ
ԣʵԭܲתΪ磬ϲ⣬Ψλ̫ҽ˲æִλ̫ҽ
̫ҽϵĽҰ㣬һǰ
Ǹʱǻʵۺڹ³꣬׹ػʱ
ʵвģ½źĹ˺̫ҽ˹ֳѱסķ̫ʦΪϲôʹ˵ҪıãȽͶΣ޵ķ䡣
.
ָٰ
鷿ⴹѳѿֻëۻƣཱུţڸ˴ë
ڶȻһֻͣߡ
ԴˣĶȾһ֪
Ůۣᷢﻹͷʲô
ͤĴĶֱǼ⣬ӹһ·¡
ȾҲ֪һΪλᷢչ
ԭԼͤжְڼң¿ŵô˻ᣬҲá
û뵽ţŻ룬ڰ
Ůͷᷢûƾͤ
ǰҲ㣬׾ͱԸĨȾ֮࣬о𼸷صڴ
ĪԼɳܵˡ
֮ʣֻᳶ
鷿̼յüӦþ䣬ƫƫͤԴָ䵽ϣһ
˿ûϧ˼Ǹ޼ɵǰ˼֡
ͤɤ𣺡ʲô

Ⱦҧס´ĿϽԼ˼˵
ͤҲǿֻǵ͵Цͷ֡
΢֦ݣѷ֮ʣ¶ȻСͨӣ
Ⱦ˼ɲԻѣȴԶáͤɽϯϣɿ
ֱϰͷ⣺Ǻˣ
СĲ塣С˵ֻԵŮⶫСˣҴӹĿ
˵գ⡣
Ⱦ̺ˮ⣬ĿʾͤɿԼ֣Ҫ
ͤͷ˹Ѻ£ϡ
ȾߵĿⶼ֪Ķĺá
ԱۣͷȥĿ⣬ԭѩ׵ĶȴǲܿƵ͸⡣

ǰֻ鷿ŴһС졣
ۣͤСкǺһöƴӡͷ
ͤɨۣȥ߻ʺѲǳе͡
ʺˣ
Ⱦ⻰Ҳ˲̷վЬͤ󣺡Ȼǻʺ
˵ڣʶԼʵЩļˡ
ͤδԣ΢΢סΣС˿Ȼˣʺɡ


63 
ʺ뵽, ͤǰȥȺ
Ⱦһ˻ص޷ڰβ, ŵͤ˭Ƿ鷿һ۵ò֪ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãǰŲȾ΢ۣͤվڴǰ
˯죬ʺ˵ʲô
Ҫ¡ͤܶ𣬡Ƚһˣһ
Ⱦ˵ͷ, ĿͤźȻʧɻϡͤѱжְʺȻרûҪ£
ֻ겻Ը˵׷Ҳ档
Ҳ֪Ҫȵһ, ͤſʲô¶ͬ, ǽԼ¶֪ĺӿ
.
һǰһ, ͣڻʹ⡣
ǰͷŻŮ, ǵʺ
һˣȻҲͤ
˽ԾĬȥ, ֱ鷿⡣
ʺͣ½Ų, ͷ̫ͤʦϳӶҪȰ˵, Ϊӽ
ͤʥ񲢲Ը, ҲֻΪ
ʺͷ, Ȼֻʥ϶йͤ벻˭
ûжԣǴͤ鷿ǰ
Ȼرס
ϵĳ棬ʺŭ˵ʺǽȥͨһʥϿɻϱλޣԸңǽձڴԸǣλøİҲա
æͨ
鷿ʵۣ棬ƣʺΣҪþյ£ĪհٰԼ޻û㡭
δ˵꣬һѸιУĻʥϺαضŭʺ㣬ҪҲδأ檲ԸͻʺޣΪˡ
Ŀӯӯ˵Ȼ
һʾʵ۵ò֪ǺãæϸغǸˣֺαضģĶ̥
˵ţطԸȥʺµҪʲôҪ¡
ֳȥ
Ƭ̺
θݣɫԲֱ֣ǻʺȴҲǻʵ۲һˡ
ŴԷ°й񣺡ͤʥϡ
ʵ۲ɴֱǻʱϰλǽ꣬ΪÿÿͤɻʶΣҪԸЩʲô
תͤĸʵɤӣӲµǺֵûʺ̣ԭִˣǹΪ²ġ
ͤûлۿڣѱʥϸְ޹ʽκλʺ룬óȰʥһ¡
ʵ¶ã˵Ҳ֪ʲô¡ͷıã²ԳԿ࣬ҲõǴ£һ˵ƤȰ
ͤûб粵ֻѸߣοຮӹǣֻĪ˵꣬ǰҲֺαΪ
ߡʵ۲ΪȻùȥȥҲˣʲôϵ
ʲôҹ¼ǵã鷶ǱЩȢΪޣ˵Ļ£ǷͷӴϵģˣӦø˲Ŷԡ
̧ۣͤɤ˼֣ԡ
ʵĪûһΨŻе⡣
תһ룬ǵη峼ӣ
ҪͤԽ磬ſ֮Ϯʵ۲˸Ƿббس˵ȥ
ŻЦ绨ϣתΪε
ɻʵۻ˯ϯϣԼվȥڻֺαܹЩ£
Ůɤһλʮʮơ
˵֮䣬Ų߳⣬֮ͣͤλá
ȡĿƽƲ׵㲻
׼ȷ˵ǰЦˡ
ۣڻʵ۸ǰǰ̬̾Ϣҵİˣ߽ĽҲûˣӾãΪǱ𣬻ȥĶأ
ͤⷬ⡣
˵²ʱ򡣡Լ࣬Ҫһʺϵʱ
ȣȴе˫ֻս˫л˸ҵ꣬ӵǸңҪȵʲôʱΪﱨ𣿡
ͤ
֪Ǵ
ǰս֮ϣеĽʿͷˣĸȫڻ𺣡
һҹʿʬҲҽҪҵͽ̸ף
˰꣬ԲϧΪնһһŲ鳯д󳼣ȴ֪١
ֻٹ꣬Ҳδػῴüϣ
ҧ󲻹ʹˣȻҲǾǶΪʹˣаˡ
ؾµİգͷΪʢʬ޴棬һ˼ǵǣȫ
ͤ΢΢£ü
ڰϣһϤӰӡԼ
Ϊ˱ԲֶΣԺ޹
ͤ
ͽʿǵԩϴˢ簢֮
֮ƣΨһ·
ͷǱ˿ͤⰵ˰Ƹ۰㰵¶ġ
뿪֮ǰֻһ仰ԸһգĪҪڡ
.
н̫ƽ
Ժ֮Уͤʲô˵ȾҲԼšǰʥɵλӣ˵槼ת꾫ɵ
ʥůΪֺ÷̫ʦΣ˲кһ׮
Ī˵ǳҲвСﴫҥλ槼榣ʥϱǻӹ޵
Ⱦ޻̸֮ȴҲҡڵѴǹ뾩ԶЩ
ͤǰΪְһ£Ⱦһӣ˭֪ڳΪ٣Ҳʡȥ鷳
ֻûÿ飬첻ʱͳţҲδ鸮
Ⱦֻͤ˵һ׮£Ҫ֪ȥС
ŲҲ볯ʥͤٻأҲ֮¡
Ⱦûж룬ֻעⰲȫϾʱдʫճ
˭֪绹Ǵ
鷿ġ֣ٱź
Ⱦæ±ʣůȲ衣
²ã˰յ裬˵£ŵü㣬֪չҩĵ·
Ⱦ
ϣлλֳͲ֧ӦҲȥʣֳҽ˺£
ҲҽݡٿڣĪǻû˵£
Ⱦһãټɫѹ˵ǹλǰЩӱʺ𷣣̥ʥҲ֪ĶƫеҩѼȥҪʲô̥衭
Ⱦ΢΢ü
뵱ʺһԪڴ֪ˬ죬ǵС֮ˣḀ̂̀
ʦڣ˲ƣ
̾˿ҲˣֳҽһʱöҩĶղ鹫æţֻ뵽ʡ
ȾӦɩɩģֳԹۣҼȥʣ·㡣
ٵл˻ˡ
Ⱦ׼μдš
ʣȴַ£վȥԸѩ֦й±ȥμһˡ
.
ͣڶθ⡣
˵̫ξѴǹٻ磬μֶھУſʯʨҫشԣò硣
´ͣȾ磬л¯ȥ
ԭǴдʣ뵽λֳæ²֪Ҫʱܿţһˣ˵һĺá
ʱֳڹڸϣȾҲûǣȥɩȥˣֳظת¡
ţȥ˶ɩԺ
ɩ޷׼壬١
ȾƺǸˣˣҿͷĻƣѡֵĺãƵĺã
ףͶмҪĸ׵˵ӡ
ȾȥϸѡϸԹҲ֪ԩŮҲкҹҹ̥ɽڵòᡣ
˵ֲ֪뵽ʲôЦֳ˵ǵúݺⲻСһٲɡ
ȾҲЦ˼
ͻȻ뵽Ƶĳ˪Ҳŵֵ
״ʵ֪ǽ㣬ſæ
ôڵЩӣҪأ˵ʥòԸ飬żֱȲ¥ǰ˻ҪС
ôᡭȾʧ
ûĻѡҪõߣˣ⿴ɫɺã
ȾĲɵشӦ˵ҩĵ£֣µشӦģҶͬ˵¡
ҩĵüĿȾȴһ׮¡
Ӷθ뿪üͷչ
ѩ֦˼˱ҪȲůůӣ
ȾûнӹضԳͣ
Nһ֪ͣʲôԸ
Ⱦ˿¶ĵ·ȥһˡ
.
Źǰ
Ⱦͷȥſڽеĺӧǹס֪ºˣڵĹģ
֪㲻Ϊʧ񣬶ȾҲֻӲͷƤλˣǰͤ棿
ʻĽŻñֵӰò³Ǻˡ
ŵĹأΪԷͷſ棬ֻ񣬷޹ģˡ²ܸ֪
ֲ֮ʣһλźµ˴ͷ·
˶ԻŤͷλû۵ĶҪԼҷҲõ档
˵գֺǺǵؿȾôˣ
ǡ
Ⱦʶǰ΢ֵˡ
Էȸ񣺡ӪӾ֪ʲôҪ£
ʵҲʲôҪ£Ūװˡ
˵æŴŵ񡣡ȾżȻ·˳һۣ֪¿ڣ
ǲɡӪźҡͷӦǳȥˣһʱҲز
ȾͷЩӺæ
Ӫһ㶣æͷǣµÿռҪͬ˵һ
ˣóȻš
˵գȾת
Ӫͣߡ
Ⱦѩ֦֣
ӪںŪ
Ⱦ˴𰸡
СʱԼͷ죬ظʱǰţ˵ֻȥȦʲôʳû򣬲ȻҪҸҳԶס𣿡
Ⱦͷ
Ȼصθһףɷѣ͵ʲôûûѿǣûҲû۸ͱҡ
뵽Ĵ£ɵЦ
Ц֮󣬶Ⱦ۵׸˼ǡ
ӪķӦЩʱеģ
ͤʲôȥˣΪʲôҪԼ
.
ҹɫīµͤ鸮
ԺѩҶӭ֪ͬ˵ʲô
֪ˡ
һĨɫ
̧￴ȥŵƣ⻨ӳŮΣžһһ䵽ϡ
ʱȾЪϢȴ֪ΪΣרڵ
ͤڡ
Ⱦû̧ͷס
ͤ߹ȥԹ⵱˳ԣҶ϶࿴һۣ
ʱѧ壬̹ңҪȫעŮɤ࣬ΣΨгסܿȫ֡
ͤɨһۣŶȾ£һ˳ĳסģɿˣ
Ⱦܳʵҡҡͷ̾һʵ̫ˡ
޷еʱ䡣ͤ
ͤЩ£סһӣЩȴ޷ܡ
ڴ֮ǰԼҪǻܵ˿в
޳ָķȾټӽ⿪䣬ĵصȥͤɽԺסһӣ
ȾĶһ٣ʱȥ𣿷ΪҪȥ
ȥ㡣
ͤﵩдΣٰҲ㵽ͤɽһܿɺã
أȾعͷʳڣŶҵˣŵҪæ
ͤҲ֪ıûУұܼʰö㵽ͤɽȥⲻؾùµɩҲ㡣
Ķģæ꣬㡣
Ⱦû˵
Щ飬һͬǿžʤĺ壬֮̽ʣʶǰӣͼı
ȾȻްһգͤǰҲ㶣ĪҪܡ
֪Ҫʲôȴ˲²⡣
Ⱦ½ǡ
Ҫס
ֱ˿̣Ⱦڷͤʼˡ
֮һǵȥͤ
ͤҪʲôֻȣܵȳ𰸣͸ƾֵĳ·
㡭˶٣ʲôûʳڣԼҲౣء


64 
ù, ظµСѾ߱æʰǰԺ
Ⱦ, һյǳææ
ʰ׵ͤôӺԺ
ƺæǲؽӹŮеĲյȹλҲһڣһһѣȥ㡣
š
Ⱦͷ
תȥȾ̲ס
ͤͣ½Ųͷ
㡭ͷǵȥŲ𣿡Ⱦ˶٣ҵ˼, Ȼͤɽ徲βŵһȥ
ͤеЦ⣬۷Ůͷ֪, ·Ҳɡ
ȾԼʧ֮ɫ, ֿͤο, æ, Ҷž֮ա
á
ȾͷӦ
.
ȾһͤɽԺʱ硣
ͤŮù, ûٶͣ, һƥ۷ٰǡ
ǼҼһݳ緹ʱ, ϵ޼
ַŻ, Ҳ, ڽﵱдУŷһǽСﵱС
һǽ֮Ժ䣬ǵ󽫾ĸլ
츮ֵĽŴͤ
ŵСһæӭǰС鷿
ͤͷᳵ·ƹͥԺ鷿ǰ
鷿ڣ콫죬С˵ȵˡ
æб飬ǰȥӭ
鷿Ŵֹϣͤǰ¡
ѵֶпһˡ֪һ֣
ͤף
ۣҹȾµԺġڰһģһذȥ
콫һƣҲֶ֪Ӻζã
µӡȾͤ۵׸һ˿ײů⣬黭ϣ
һЦԭǶμСѾͷҵǵã׾ͻ顣
ͤ𴽽ǡ
.
ִӣ콫ִӣÿһӣǼա
˿壬ʱʱ䡣
ֱȻѹʮʥٹ٣Ƕֵĺʱ
ͤɫ䣬û̧ۣ֪ˡ
žડ
һö¡
һƣ֪Ӻʱ𣬺ȻΧס
а¨ҡͷ̾ϢֶȻ˵ãˡ
ѿӮҲʤ֮䡣ͤǰµĺⲽϣ콫Ρ
δҲûƴǣҾͲˡ
Ũü壬ϸ˼˺һӣ֣µ°ӣֶͤʾ⣺ֶ롣

һ콫ٴܡ
ϵĺѳ֮ƣú޷֮ء
ɸпֶŹȻǫ飬գβӮ
ͤޡ
ͷĿ΢䵽ǰյһԵĺϡ
ʵ۱ź壬еʤ㣬ȴ˵Ͼͷϡ
Ҳ޷֮ˣֻһӣҲֻһ
ΨٻӦ䣬ӮĹؼ
.
ȾùţЪϢʱ󣬱ڱԺתȦ
ʱڵľͤɽ붬ֺǲͬǧҲΪ
ƵӭǾޱѩ΢ӭǵ
Ȼ֮ɫٰУǸܲġ
ȾĿ
һ£˽ܼӻ
һܼͿʵ֪ʲôԸ
Ѿģ˵⸽һ֣˿֪
еġܼЦŻֽӻ֣˲أȥ䡣
šȾͷȥһۣ˳Ϊͷɸ·ˣȥһˡ
Ⱦ˸ССĻѡ
ȻѾ֣ҲΪ˸ͤȥסн飬Ѵȥ°æ
ȾµѴ°ﲻ
ȥλᣬ˻ʶһҲûʲô
.
ֻȥӻֿһۣҲô£ɫ磬ȾԼһñżѾ߳š
ɽ·ͣͣԼĪ˰ʱƼӻһ
£ֻŽգſ˿ء
Īòʱ
Ⱦֻѩ֦ţ˴Ӧ
Żߵ£֨ѽһŴͷˣһλͷԲñС̽ͷλʩ˭
Ⱦ˵⣬ǰܼӵһ
СԣæŴ򿪣ʩ
˽ȥǰͷķʩֵ֪شƧƽԽŹϣҰŵ˼λ
˵䣬ѵ˷
Ⱦȼ㣬ڷǰذݣ¯Уٹͷ
ţͶѩ֦õǮ
СõĴ·£ӻתȦŷ˵ص佨ÿģСռ˰ɽͷ
ʱҲ
άķ֣סֶ͡ȾƲʵ֪ںδҵЩǮΪ֡
СҪסֻ֣˴ˣҼȾݹû˿ɣʦԼĪоʩƶ
ŶȾľȥͣһǰãʦλ
оȻֹ½䣺ա
ȾѾߵ⣬߽С
ֻ򵥣ιͰڸߴķ
±ȶûת֪ʩкҪ£
ȾͿСŮնΣȾҸж詣ĸ֡
δ䣬ȻԭֽŮҲˡ
ŶȾԭž㲨޾ϸһ˿Ц⡣
˵ţֿ첽ǰŶȾ֣ϸϸ˱飺Ǻʱһģһ
Ѳٰ䲻Ⱦů⣺סʱʶף
ƶױµɺҸױȻȫжţŮȥ̷˾Ҳֽæˮ֮УŪȥΪ³
£ۿ΢졣
һ˵Щ£ջᵽҲɺϣ
š
ȾǰĻͬ˵˱顣
ģȻֽŮİ㡣µƶǳˣŮҲ޷պʲô£㾡ұǡ
Ⱦ˿
ͬƬ̣뿪֮ʣתӱڳȥһ
ɽƶΨǾޱ괺Լֲժɹɣݲ㣬ĪҪ
Ⱦæл£˫ֽӹ
.
صԺȾȥԺһˣ㽫⻨һЩ
տԺţֻһСײϣǻѧ·Ļۻۡ
ǶȾСŮæ̧˫֣
ѧĺӣ˵壬ȾϴЦ˫ֽ뻳С
߹صúܣ
¡
Ⱦ˵ţѩ֦͹
ȻĻ赹ѵáٵȽҸһ
Ⱦûƴǡ
Żۻ۽ݣֻ뻹Ÿ̴ľӣͷĶûʰꡣ
ٵвٶǻۻƽյߣұûʱһóҲ١
ԭˡ
Ⱦ£ȵݲ衣
յݿǳһڣݼ䶼ǵ˷·΢Ǿޱ¡
Ҫһڣֻۻﲻ֪ʲô˫ŵݵȾǰ
ȾһƣеĲó
ߡ
ţƲۡ
ٲĲԣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
ֻԼŮһľߣЦСôⶫˣ
ֿȾͷĹŵˣ
ȾҡͷɩɩˣֻһʱЩˡ
ǰԪҹ˽ˮ̳Цö˶˵С벻ʲôļأô㲻ܣ
ʱҲһߡ
֪ܣȴûסʹʵ֪ߣɩɩںδģ
ҡͷҵǵԼʱ
ϸ룺ˡⲻǰԪҹһŻۻ۵ʱҪ۽ֳʱ˳
Ԫҹߣֽꡣ
ȾܿƵս·ֻصˮһҹǵصˮԼӿ
ããٵǴӺԶķ
Ů𽥾£е񣺡û°ɣôɫͻȻ׳
ָģʹöȾһһ˿ѡ
û¡
ֲֻվǽߵ̫ۣȻȥЪϢɩɩĪҪ֡
ôأ㿴۵òᣬȥҪЪϢ


65 
ȾѾǵԼô߻ݵġ
ÿһŲȥ, ޻ϣƮƮȻʵءѩ֦, Ҳ֪Ҫˤٸ
ֱصһȻ¡
ѩ֦ڴ̫ãūȥд򡣡
ءȾ䣬ѩ֦ҡ
ѩֻ֦ðŴȾֱ֣Ķͷǽճ˷纮֪ˣū澱㲻ô·
ȾûдĻ
Ŵ, ؿڣѩ֦ɻǵǰԪҹˮ¡
ѩ֦˸ôͻȻ£
ȾûвɫĲȻֻʣõҹҵǸˣ𣿡
ū澡ʱ, ֻŹ, ûüע
Ҳ, ֻ³Լ, ˻Ὣ׮䱦ʱʱԺвû䣬һģ˰֡
Ⱦûʣ, ȳȥɡ
, ЪϢ
ѩ֦ߺ󣬶Ⱦû, Ĵƺֻĺˮ, , ڱǶ۽Ա
̧֣һ˿
һ߳ǰͤɤЦö˶˵С벻ʲôļأô㲻ܣ
ԣͤ
ʱͤǱȶպˮҪһˣôܻ
ǴľҲǰºĵضԴԼ
ȾȻͫףһ˲类˴ˮ𣬳ѹ
͵ƿӴӴȥѩ֦й±
ѩ֦æǰʵôˣҪȥδ
ٰ
ҪָͤǸԪҹԼ˵ǲǲǣ
춼ˣǲסѩ֦ʲôҪ£ūȥҲһġ
ȥȾûдй±ǣҲҵš
δ䣬ԺһѣΣҡҡ
ѩ֦æ˷סͻصϡ
ǷԸСѾ߽дִſǻȰ£ҲùӣʹСƢүͷѲھС
԰ﲻٰѾǸˡ
Ⱦ˸
ͻȻʶͤ治ֵţΨһܹˣֻʣԼˡ
ӦһӰ嶯¡
ȾƱۣЩۣ˯һ㲻ؽд
Ⱦûѣһ۾˯ȥֱڶʱѺࡣ
ӹ޴󰭣ǶŻţֻҹۣȾһ裬ϸϸ˼Եɡ
գԾô׷ա
ԷؾҲ˵ùȥ겻ԸСմȾϸϵѳԼͤ
˵ף˻Լ÷֣ͤţŻкʥϴͻ飬ǲŻΪޡ
Ǽ٣ͤĸ飬ѵҲǼٵģ
Ⱦ
ȥͷֻۣܵ»ؼͤϲ̸ͬ
ͤƭܸøԼһ𰸡
һֱû
ͤҲ֪æʲôգڱԺ
Ȳ˻ٰˣԷܿ棺Ļ˵ʮʥ磬Ҫææ󣬼̾ͤɽ
˵գ˫ַһūŸĹ𻨸⣬˵ϲԡ
Ⱦǹ𻨸⣬뵽ȥԺֲʱͤǰ¡
ζӳ£ߺһö𻨸⣬ҧ
ڴݼɢȴ޷Ŀڡ
.
ʮʥ
ȥʱȵɥТ޷ٴ죬ʵѲЩ޲ýȥһõĽյӿⷿﲦǧ
ҪɫƲˣĸ輧ˣ
ϯ֮ϣʵ۸ΣоƱ֣ͬڰ񣬳˺ȾƱǡ
̨˳ӣпȥ峼ҡͷ̾ȴʲô˵ǰЩɵֱԱʵʢŭ֮ʴУø³
ҲаƨӹŸͣʥȾһʥꡣ
ǵȲŻĳӣ̼ʣΪʥдףٵĺشʡ
һ磬ֱʱǺò֡
ʵۺ˲پƣ͹ŮĲ£ײײص޵Ϻ˯
Ҳ֪˶ãͷѣڿڿѹˣ¶˱ˮ
û˻Ӧ
УòͬʵĪɲѣŷԵ֪ʱӰźڵеĹŮ̫һҲš
ͷĽŲ
˶ʵƿڴҪˮѵҪǲɣ޹
ԷΪֱͷĵƹյϣʵ۷ϳǹˣǲͤ
޳ϴĻǵαʱ̺ƹۡ
֮ͤԶλͣ
꼡ɰף±Ө͹һգҹƶް㲻Ѫɫʵ۱⡣
ʵǿװ򾲣ͤ޿ɲǵ׼빬硣
µȷٳ빬ͤ˫ָ󣬡޷Ӳ
ʲôӲ
ʵۻż⣬ͤĻ
ͤҡͷ¹Ե¾һ֪ƫų躦ִ´￪񣬽ܾҩȫ̫ҽԺԹصзӯ죬Ⱥѵ治֪
µʲôԭ¡ʵ۲ΪȻӣһбΪУңİȣ˭Щ󳼵ٺ»
ˡͤû˵ʲôƮƮڣˣʥιѾ
䣬ɤӦͣǡ
λ߽жŵʳϣʢŲ֪ʲô
ʵ۵ľ⣬ɲʱȻ޴档
ȻȥȻȥǰҲȻʵ޵һˡ
֮Ȼλ
װʲôʵʣ㲻Թ£ͤı档
ˡͤĵȷȷѾ
˵գٶԣʾ˶֡
ǰʵ۱ŻҪܣ˭֪˷ӣѱɫͿӵĻʵǵĶ֡
תۼ䣬ѱƷֻʣһ컹ܷţڣݣݡ
ͤƫͷϾؿ
ֱʵۺɤӣֻܷɳϢſڣʥϸǰͷǷʲô
ʵ˳ͤĻʹǰķ򣬴нӵɱнʿź
ŷ֣죬ҲǴķ
нŵĹӵܣ͹սĽʿϡ۵һļڽ¾ãʤΣ
ȿȡ
û뵽֪䣬ȥʵ̱ǻЮסͿҪڵϡ
ͤ͵ܡ
˸ףֱɵǻǰǸͤԸ߻ӡ
ǹµĲԣڴǰ꣬ŹһģֻҪϷŹµ̴ּگٸԭְֻҪ룬׸֮λ
ͤһӣٶԣԸµιҩ
ʵŭͤı棬ȿȡɱޣҳӣҲ˳ȡ
û˵Ļҩ֭»ȥ
ʵ۽ҩ֭ȫ£λɿ֣
ʵĿѣſڴߣúƴԼĺ뽫ȥĶҩ³
ͤ
Σʵûеȵſͤ㡭
˵Ѿͤ΢ı֮⣬ֻǲ̼Ϊ󣬹ʶѳ²ߡ
࡭
ʵۻȻ򣺡أѹµİôˣ
·ģ±ҪȵöࡣͤǹһĨЦ٣֣𣿡
˵գתȥ
ʵһżæҪȥ׷
˭֪մӴ뿪ˤǰĵϡ
ʵûж룬Ҫȴ֮µ˫ȣѾûκ֪
ͤ½Ųûлͷˣͬ˵һѾҩЩк֢֮
΢ҲΪºãû½ֱλŮӹٺһأڽɽ棿
˵꣬ûʵ۵ĺáֱ뿪޵
.
ӻʵ۵޵뿪ͤ͵·ϡ
ʱһλӣҪ㡣
ͤĿбӣ󲽳ǰȥûʱ䡣
λ´ȡһʵǰ˵ûʱ½ҹĿ
ͤɨȥŲɲǼ䶨ס
һ֧ϸĺǶҡ
ϲͤȴһʶǶȾƽӡ
괽ڳ˼֣ת˸򣬼޵ȥ
.
⻨ǰѩ۵Ůױ̽ν⿪ױϣִᣬ˳
ŶȻƿ
δͷȴѾµ˭
ǹһĻȣЦǱϢ
㲻ô⡣ͤĿ֧ӣ˭ģ
ѵ֪𣿡תλĵѾߣʲôšŶˣѩ֦ҵˡ
ͤͫȻս
û뵽ɣЦЦɻʱڶԵİ˭ұ˸ҪĻѣ˸ɵˡ
ȡ֮ͤɭɭĺ⣬㵱ΪҲɱ㣿
ӵȻ˵ѾһصˣһҲΣ
ȻߵͤǰλιҲһǰԪҹҲ͸ȪӵʱǻۿȥΪֽӰ㻤ţ
ͤսеס
ΪҲǣ㰮ˣҪһˡ
ӿ⣬ʣԹ
ջЪ˹غͤ㱳˽ͷˣ˰ͷβͽ
ڳ޵еİȣʧȥǡ
ͤûͬ˷ʱ䣬ת뿪֮ʣֻһ䣺ܵ˺а취ٱ㡣
ţȴȵЦѾˡ
ͤһͷŮӣкڵɱ⡣
롣ͷ΢ڱİȵĻڰοԼҵİԻỤȫ

Цᣬ֪ɳȥ˭ǴӻҪǱֻҪҺʥϳ˰⣬ǱͻᰴҵķԸҲʹʧٲζ
ǲ翴İǻҵǱ޵У


66 
ȾǱһͬѰѵġ
, 죬еײ, ӡ
δ׷ʲôŶȻײ

֮ѩҶŽͷ˴̿ͣū澴Ҹȫĵطܿ
̿ͣ
͸ݷ϶ȾƼѪ⡣
ûһ˫ۣסѩҶ֣á
ѩҶ߳ţȾǰδеĳ桪
һǽ֮Ժ, ʮеɢ⣬ڵݷɱֻǶŵİٳûɱ
δԼᾭ£Ǳŵ˷Ӧ, Ⱦûд󺰴, ƽ, ѩҶһߡ
˭֪ۼ, һƼȾ̸֣ͬ飺Ƕ
䣬һȺ˱ӿ˹, ޲ɱֱȡȾ
ѩҶü, ȾԵѩ֦뿪, ߵԽԶԽá
˵, ѩҶ۷ذ, Щ֮Ͷս
С㡣ѩ֦սȾ֣
ѩ֦ŶȾӷߣ뿪Ժȥ
ЩҲɵӣĿʧǵĴͷһ£ȥˡ
ǱʮɱɢһƬҡ
.
Ժѩ֦ŶȾƴǰͷȥ
ԺĳȵŵƣŻ԰ɽŽӰӰ´£Ƴ׷ɱĺˡ
ণľԱ
ȾҪܲˡ
ףԼͣǴӴټ̫
ҧѩ֦Ĳ
СĪ¡
ѩ֦ͷο࣬ûµġ
һƿնĻ
С㵱ġѩ֦Ȼͫף˶Ⱦһѡ
ƿ֮ʣȾƳĽвԼն.ѩ֦ؿڡ
ԭأϢ׷ĺְ.˽
ѪöѪ
ѩ֦Ĵ£ؿڵ˴
ȾߵУһѪǡ

ͤµİҲ׷ϺҪԶȾֵĶ
ͥԺаɱòɿȾȴûܡ
ѩ֦
ϥڵϵŮԣҪסѪ˿ڣȴŪʹʹʹʹ
ô᲻ʹء
ѩ֦Цҡҡͷ
Ϣ𽥼ѩ֦ýʣ׽סŮ֣С㲻Ҫ¡
ȾҡͷҲ£ѩ֦Ҳ¡
ɤʣģ
ѩ֦ԭС㵽ϵģϧǲˡ
ġȾս֣γʪȵѪʪԼģϾͽд򣬵ȴˣͻҡ
ˮһһ£ѩֱ֦ϣָ˲м¡ѩ֦һֱ
ʲô
Ⱦ²ʱѩ֦»ʲô
Ů۽մڰ׷ۣһֻµС¹
ѩ֦ҲϣԼСһֱ㴿覣Ҫ֪κΰࡣ
ɽٲ˵ֻԶС
ѩ̧֦֣Ⱦϵɾ¶İ㿪ڣӡԪҹˡ
֪ȾӦţѩ֦Ҷ֪ˡ
֪ѩ֦æڣԼ޷˵㣬Сʲô֪Ԫҹˮū澡
Ⱦסʲô
ū澡ѩ֦ϸһ˿ЦΪū澵ܵܵǲӡȿȡ
⳹ǣȾǸηӦ˼ͣͣ㡭ǡ
ԣǡѩ֦˿˵ͷǣǰȺ͡͡ӡ
ԺкȻһ죬Ⱦ顣
ôᡭ
ūҲϣǣɡ
ѩ֦˵ţȼŻһѪū֪˶ԲС£ҲһһֻС㽫ҵʬճɻ뽭УŽˮƮؼ磬ٺ͵žۡ
عⷵհ˵Щ㳹ͷȥڶȾС
ѩ֦
Ⱦ̽Žʳָ̽д
ɲǼ䣬ŮɫһƬѩףƱ˳߹ǰ㣬Ⱦ۵ö촭
ľȻѩ֦ʬԣ֣·ܽԼϵ¶ȶɸѹ
ɱ޹ء
Ⱦֻصǰδʱ䣬ڴ齼䲻ѩ֦ڴߣͷ¡
˯Ҳѩ֦
ѩ֦ū澣ȴ׵Ľ㣬񡭡
ûм޸ͤ᲻Ͳܷ֮£
ȾȻͷѩ֦ø
δһλȻԼƽ
ǱɱֶŮ󱳣̧еĽ
ԶϵͤɽһĻС
ͫ⧲սһ㣬ͤϷԾȥָսڶѸ֮ٺɨȥ
Ⱦ˺Ȼء
عͷ˫ȴһָֻסĪ
ͤɤᣬԼЩὫǰ֮˴ɢ
ֱٰͤɽԺԭʱ·̣Ӳһ㲻ڻǸϵˡ
Ӳ𣬴˿Ҳҡ챣ӣⰲȻ
.
ͤˣవҲ
ԭѱʤľ棬ʱòһ
ЩȻҲѵ˶ڣʱڰС
ʼգͤסȾ˫ֱۣһŵڣʰɾ
Ժʬһ߾ȥȾȴûɿѩ֦
ƳʬһۣϢա
Ⱦ֪뵽ʲôջʲôû˵˽ѩ̧֦ߡ
ǰֻƿ
̹ۣͤгŽǰɻôÿˡ
괽궯˶˵ʲôȴüͷһ壺ȿȡ
ͤѪӴ
ȾȻֻۣޱȴݵֱѪĨȥ£ǽҹ·żۼθⲻصġ
ԭʱԼڵ𡭡
򡭡
ʣµľȥ͵ͤС
ֱ˿̣Ⱦ΢΢˼ɵؿ޳
ͤĺ󱳣ŮὫʪ
.
ǰסͥԺѪ޷סˣڱԺĹʰúܿ죬ڳµ޷
к׵Ƹȼͭ¯ɢ̴㣬ɴ֯
ܿ챻ֱΪҽκΪȾ˰ķӣΪͤѪҩ
һʲô
ûѩ֦ѩҶҩϡ
Ⱦûеᣬֻ齱߶Өͻ
ϵͤŮıӰüͷ΢
ȥ˫סѾȥˣĪҪ룬һ˺úð
Ⱦûг
ͤԼϵʱڵϣѩ֦ģ
һ̵Ůһû
ɻ£ͤɫڡ
Ⱦ۽һæͷûʲôֻŵˡ
궨ιſڣҩˣιҿɺá


67 
Ⱦҩ롣
Ǻںҩ֭, ˽Ҩһ׵ݵͤߡ
, һһȥ
ɬҩζ޷ֱҩףû˳
Ⱦշҩ룬ͤسɴ۽
ȾһãȻؿҡҡͷ
ҩĺܿࡣͤ硭һɺá
δ䣬ŮĴ
ΥõȣжȾסηӦ, ᳵ·Ĵߣҩ֭Ŀζɹ
֮⣬ͤϵϢεĴְ㣬Ϣ
Ⱦһʱ, ݼ䷢һ̡
ᷢ, ͬհ㲻ر, ԺȴȻѩ֦մѪ, ǰȡӡ
һˮȾɲǼ佩ס
Ůı仯ͤͣ
, Ĵƿ, Ⱦ˸
ͤ̾һ뻳, ŮѴδ, ˼̫, ˡһء
ȾŴϣճͤӰ
ӰӰ´£һˡ
š
Ӧ
ͤ㱧ЪƬֿ̣ڵҹ󣬳о仯ⲻҪ£Զķ
˵ţȡǰֻձŮ޷䡣
á
Ⱦͷͷ
ͷ֧ΪλڷУ
궯һ١
˼⣬ʱ̽ϡͤԭòҲȡ
ôء
Ⱦۡ
.
ͤҹδڱԺЪ£ֻͬȾ˰ʱ˵ЩϿʱϻٰǡ
ʹ֮УѱĲ½һͰͰˮǰѪϴøɸɾһнɣʲô
Щϵĳӣصϯϡ
Ǳμʥϵ磬˭֪ʥϯ󣬾֪ðֳֳ.ǹĽʿΧס׼κ뿪
Щ󳼻׷ױʾͼǿ뿪ֱܿ죬ǰɱ
μʥģɵӣûԹҲܡ
ǲ³ʲôٲ࿴Щʿһۡеĳ.ǹҪġ
һȣһҹ
ǰɱûˣȴҲٳٲ
Щ˽½õĳӣ͵͵žʲôʱһ޳ӰϯУվǰͷελá
ȺУ֪˭Ằͤ
վڸߴѻѻĿɨһۡ
΢΢ףʾԵּ̫ࣺˡ
ע⵽ͤԣշ̱µֻ̫̫࣬չɫʥּˣʵگԻ
ʥּڳѻȸ
ȺɲǲԼĶ⡣
ƣվͤƿС֪Լʲô
˵֮ˣǺԺѧʿл塣
ͤڣлѸߣطû壬ٽһء
˶٣Ҫ˵޷ϳ´ּ΢λպա
㡭лûָ̧꣬ҳӣĿ
ͤÿɷ۵׸⣺ʥּлţǰһ
㡪л屻µ˵˷˵ǣ˭֪еʥּǲ·Ҫʥϣʥ׿ڳϡ
лһѣһҹĳγѣӶ͡
ԣҪʥϡ
ûʥ׿ڳϣǲŵġ
Ӹ£ڵӿл塣
֪ΪΣлֲԤС
Ϊټʮأδйĸо޴˱ڶ޳У¶
ʥ屧ˡϵ㳡棬ͤͳһӣ⣬ʥһּ⡣
Ժѧʿл壬ǰڲݼ˵־֮ϲãл弴˷Ż޺䱦ȣη֮ӽ¸ڹٸ˽һɱ֮
ȥ£л¥֣輿òΪ檣岻ӣлǿȨƣ븮ֶ෬裬ʹ
һ׮аܻۣ̹Σն
˵գͤӣģлǲţǰԹĿ
㡭лβ˲ǿװ򶨣һɺԣ㲻֪Ӻδ֯ҪϷ򡣡
лԡͤ˰ɴǽոպöݣ
лɫ԰ףװ
ԭ⣬ͤȴѿڣȥѺΡ
λʿǰлǿߡ
лﻹĳ˹棬һ汻ţһɱ㺿ͤкض֮ء
ȺõľΪл壬ΪԼ
ͤ˾٣ɱ￴Ȼܽлѧʿȷ䣬֪ûԼİѱ
ͤǡôڣ֪λɻ˭Ҫʥϣ
ѻȸ
ݵļžȹǻԲߵӣǧǧǧǧꡪ
ţһƬԹڵأǧǧǧǧꡪ
괹ۣЩˡ
˫տգ͸ǣֿԵĻ档
ͤǳֱ΢°ڣڿڣ񡣡
.
ȣѩ֦ʬ޷̫ͣãȾԸʬճɻңͤɽµĽ
Ϊ˼ѩ֦ȾӻΪһλÿձҪȥһˡ
ԴΪɣûдӦٰͤǡ
ûǿԺҾ߳裬źȾѾߡ
գѩ֦ͷߡ
Ⱦӻ֣λǰΪ㣬־˻
߳ãչõϣȾȴɾһ˿⡣
ҪȥˣѩҶ
ϻصЩɱºѩҶ㽫ӰҲͤ⡣
Ⱦҡͷȥס֣ͬ˵˵
ǡѩҶಽ
Ⱦ߽µ⡣
һŶȾ۵׸ů⣬ǱᲨʩ˯ÿɻã
ԡ˵һ룬Ⱦ𲻱ǰѣ˯š
һۣѩ֦ȥʱĻ棬Լ˵Щ
½һʩճоЩ
˵գӳȡһͷһɹɺ󣬻ɵͷҹܰߡ
Ⱦۿ΢죬ͷӹҧס´˵л
¿ֹʩлҪ˵
Ⱦѹǰ˵鷳סְæ뿪ٰȥ͵žۣ֪
ԭΪ´ҪԥƬ̣˭ֻ֪΢΢ͷʩʱߣ
Ⱦסˡ
ֻ㣬ûþļƻ
µǵʩǺãҲ١
.
뿪Ⱦš
߳ӻִţһԼʿ
϶Ǵӷֵı洫Ⱦ̧ķȥ
ԵѩҶѩϡ
Ⱦ߽ˣƼ˭ڿޡһŻѵˣǣǽֽǮ
ӦһǰֽǮճɵĻҶѳɳ߸ߣⴵƮǽͷ
ӿ޵ò֣סĨᣬдʣЩǮڵصҲЩÿΡ
ǺˣȾ̲סʵΪҪڴ˴ֽǮ
һæתƳȾϻȹ³ݣæڵأūȫ
ȾԼȫЩ죬ںδ
ûж룺ԭָˣ㻹شңΪҪڴֽǮ
ȫ֧֧ᣬҿڡ
㣬ܿڱǡȾԵѾߵĪʲô˵£
ȫĻūڸϲֽʧ󣬾ͻʬūŲûˡŵЩֽǮֲҽȥ徲
Ⱦüö˶˵ģΪλʧ
ȫͷūŲֻ֪˵ǵ˹ˣ
ĸˣ
ȫ˿ȾڰڵūŲ֪
ȾףδĲֻ֪ǲ˵ˡ
û׷ʣȻˣ֣ҽȥҲδء
С顣
顭ΪҲ˶죿
ѩҶ࣬Ȼڵ˴󣬲绹Ȼȥĺã
Ⱦ͵תͷס
ҧЩʳ飬ϻȪҪͤλŮӣ
ǵãǰԼͤˣӦúúõģַԸѩҶȥ¡
²¶ɡ
ǵĺ⣬Ⱦһ亹
ǰһ㱣Ⱦȫһۡ
ҹȪ˵ĶԻȫǮһֻ͸Ů䲻ϲȫĻϲӡ
ȾȻͤĵط˺ܶ˺µ£ǳãװ걻Ρ
һ޹
ԭͤˣǳıӵôͳһȥģ
Ⱦججߡ
;͵ض½ŲЩסֽڴ˴ңȥȥͻء
˵գ۷ȥӻֵķ򼲲ȥ
˼·ƾɽһʼʢ
ǧ죬ĵĴﾺţ涷ޡ
ȾֵܹͥԺȣֱ
˫ƿţڴ¡
ʩΪֻˣ
ٿǡ
ȾУаԥնͷסְ뿪˵أԽԽá


68 
ҹ, ͤصͤɽ
ٰԺʱ̣ͤʱ, ʱϨ˵ƣȾڴϡ
ŲǳеĶȾۡûϵʱˣͤ
ǰҲкܶʱ򣬶Ⱦ㳣һյƣ˵лǳЩҹ, ٵߡ
ʱֻѰ
Ⱦװ˯ͤȴѳ⻹û˯

Ⱦװɸѵӣڴûж
ڰУ޳ڴش΢ִԼգƺˡ
ȾڽеܿƱ, æҧס, Լûз
յ, 붾졣
Ⱦ뵽, ѩ֦ȵۡи֪ˣֻ¡
ԼҲǽҡ
Ⱦ˸, ޷η, ͵ر㿪ָͤ⡣
ν˽
ιڵԹ, Щ̫٣
Ⱦ򴽡
Ͳͤæòɿ, Լھͤɽ, 뿪ǰܹµˡ
ϧԸΥ
ŮǿѰ˸ڣֻЩ֪ģǰѩ֦࡭
ںڰУȾܸܵͤ˫ڵӶԼ
Ⱦͷһ覶룬ֻװɹеĿǣ׽סڰֻ֣䲻䣬ȥˮ˯
ͤûжԣֻ֣á
.
ϴͤ£ŶȾ˵ÿնҪȥӻ֣
š
ȾǺش⣬±֪ͤµĴڡ
ƫƫԸΥֵͤյÿգһȥ˳һλշмѵס֣
Ȼ֪
Ⱦתһ롪ҲԣԼԶͤˣĪ˵ʶʲôˣǳʲôʲôֻҲܱյһ
ǽ£δزʲô
һס֡
ȾΨͷȴֲ֪ʲôƣò֧֧Ӧ
.
գȾΥ˯˸
ӣһ㵽ɹˣֱ𴲵ͤٲҪš
ҡ
ͤҲ֪⻹𣬡˵ýҪȥס֣
Ⱦڵ𴲡
Ѿ⣬ާˣ㡭ʱζ
Ⱦʳ֪ζ
˼أҨһͣһСء
⵱ġ
ͤδ䣬Ⱦֵµѱ򷭣̵˳ļɫǧȹϡ
Ȼסü̵˺δ
û¡
ֻһմϵȹָûˡ
ͤϸϸ˼һȷ϶Ⱦûź󣬲ŷ任¡
£ȾվѾ߸Լ¡
ƽӻǷȥɣͻȻ뵽˸⡣
Ⱦûгɣ
ͤӦк£
˵ȷӡҲʵ֮١
ȾҧҧʾԼµѾ˳ȥŮɤ÷Ҵ¿ɺã


69 
÷Ҵ¿ɺã
Ůɤ, һʢĺ춹塣
ͤ˳, Ƶͷ
Ⱦ棬ȣ¶ȹð»һɫɴȹɴͷ߷ʯƣӰӰ´סͷʯȹ
߽ϰɫȹԡ
Ůͤ¶½ĺ󲱾ѩ׵ۡ
ɫУΨһĨ
ͤ߹ȥ, ȾżСڣҺ󱳶µϵɿˣҿһòã
ףָ̧֣䵽󱳺мλã㱡ɴ, ´ȥ
Ⱦ΢, ܵض־ΥĴЩų⡣Ժݿհ, ͤڣȷɿˡ
ҧҧҡ
ȹǸջϵ, ֻ鷳ͤûжֻϰѴӼ
ǽѩ׻һƬ, ӳС
ͤ˶١

Ⱦ
ͤ, Ѱµϵںδ
ָһ䣬䵽ȵĺ, жȾܿƵش˸
ͷ, ǡôչ¶
ͤȴûп, űָ⹴ϵ󱳴ɽ᣺ˡ

У
ͤ»ݰ㲻ΪһƲɣȾ˼תǰδеؿ죬һơ
ͷ˵ţԼֽ̧½ͷ˸ˡ
˵ţȾ̧ͷȥ
˭֪߳벽żȵȹڣŮ˻Σǰͷȥ
ּͤۿ죬ס
Ⱦ˳ƱĻУոȥ½Ůļٻȥ
춵£ĵѩס
ͤ䶯˶Ŀ䣬һӹ鶯˫ۣǣ۴
Ⱦʱ˿̣ڲΣյ٣ʶˣȴֱͤۼ޴ӡ
껺䵽⣬Ҳˣ
ȾδüڣȴȻڰ׷ӸһҼˮ⣺
ͤסĶ顣
ⲻ᲻أȦڶһػűߣűԼһȥ
ŵαװµĶȾǳ׵ͤƿ֮С
ΣͤĴ뿪̽࣬ʪϵֳֻǷŻڶȾһֻ
ŶȾȹڹȦϢɵ̺ϡ
޳ָһԣ
Ů˫ֵסļ磬дŰҡҡͷ
Խ㣬ͤԽ̲סҪ۸ÿᣬֻ
Ⱦ־壬ŨܵĽëһˮɫﻹƵüͤлִ֣ǲ硭һԿɺã

ֱڣýݳ˵СѾһֱ⣬ĬȺš
϶ʼûͣͷ
ĸǺãεε˶ӾҲĽ۸ޣ
.
ԭǵʱǻ᲻ͤĲ֮
Ⱦʶج壬ģֻͷ
ܿ죬ͷҲ
ͤûиѵʱƶ棬Ⱦ뱻ʷӿľ˵У˳һһϯûϢ֮ʱֽͷ
ȾĿɣ߻ɢش΢ţƴȡʿͤȴɷ˵Ĵٵɲǡ

֪һƬ谵С
޷ûеƣ֮ѾҲҽš
Ⱦͷӳɫۣʲôȥ룬ֻʮͤ档
ģ֡
ͤҲףŮ۵òУûٹ˵Ʊˮ
.
ϴ󣬲ϵıȻһ¡
ͤȾϣҴýԼȴ¡
ȾƤصֻ̧ʱʱ΢΢ſһ죬Ƴ׵յճͤˡ
̹ۣͤϵQƻިУÿ񾫹֮£ɡ
ȾʶԺ㱼ֻǴǰ´ʱѿڶһ
ع΢մ˻Ϣ
ߵأŮӣһ£ѹҸŻٰԼЪϢĪš
Ⱦۡ
ǰ֮ˣ˶á
.
չ󣬼ÿһҹͤҪϵԺֻٰ
ɿ˶Ⱦ
ʱʱҪӻȥװס̸۷𷨣ʵ뿪׼
ҹҪСӦͤ±ʲôԾ
֪˰¡
գͤվ첻𴲣»ٰ
Ⱦȴδͬ˯ţڴϣۿ¡
ۣQɴƹñ
һĺÿ
ȾȻ֣μִͤȥꡣ
ʱ䣬޳ͤ࣬ʱ򣬶Ⱦòͷ
չ󣬱Ҳòˡ
ͤתײһ
Ⱦæۣ⵱Уͤǰյѵ硣
š
ȾӦ
ֲͤԺЩľЩӿá
Ⱦ΢㶣ʶ˵ָȥԺӷ޺ֵĻݲݣͤԼٰ
װûͷչ˺ǡ
ͤûٶ˵ʲôĿ棬Ůӡ
ȾĪֱӵĸоڱеȻսֱͤؿڣˣҲչ˺Լ
ǲٵˡ
Ⱦæͷѹȥͤá
.
ӻ֣
ȾڽǰסҲˡ
ִƿƿв֦ʿ
ĿԣȴۣԸڶȾѩҶѩٹձǶ磬ҪΪһа£˲ţͷλȳȥţš
һ׮ǰԼõķ£ȾͤǰҲѩҶѩûжԣ˵⡣
Ĵűϣ谵г
¿дʣ֦ˮ㵽Ⱦϡ
ŮͷŸߴΡķ񡪡浱飬Ǿͱ˳ƽ뿪ͤӴ˺ٲ
ǰ£̫ĴӽԺضڸġ
ҪĨĶϰǻʱͤˡ
ͣ¶ŷϵĶȴܿ죬ӹȡһ¡
Ⱦæվ㵽£һ֮ǰĶ
³ƶڷʩԱаΪɣ֧ʩֻ軻Ϊ׼ɮۣӷ뿪·ߴӱ뿪һԻ˽Ӧ
ͬǰļƻȾϱᴩѣж·Ρ
һнڲУ¶һۣƹ񳯺ͷȥ
һ죬պù
չôۣȾ㶣ſ첽ǰȥ
һ·ܵ˲࣬ӻкüλеãĺڷۡ
ǰԹӻΪɣѽǰŵ·һʰϵʯЩ
Ⱦߵúܿ죬±˲޲С
ЩٿЩһ־Ͳˡ
ͷλɹڶȾ󱳣촭ͷҲ߳ˮ
ȾͻȻѩ֦ڣжضܴԼܵø죬ŵùİѩڡ
ҧ
ȾΨһܹˣֻʣԼ
ڡ
ԴȾƼǵš
һСţֻ˲ŶµĶȾУȴʥľꡣ
ȥͻػ
Ůվ̨֮ϣ۵ôЪʱȺü
ͷȥӻֵķԶҲڽ¡
뵽°ŵĽӦ֮˾ȾմĲҶĸɾ
ֵżֻ澲ͣһֻǲӦˡ
Ⱦ߹ȥóڣʣ𣿡

֦ͷ΢ҡ
˾ڸҲδأȾţƵǰ粽̤ϳԯֽ̧ƿ
ͫȻսһˮȾԭأ֫ٺӿá
뿪ʱ̹ۣͤУϾ̬֣⣬
ƽĿǣȾֻǣҲ룬˰벽תֻӴܡ
ȻͤΪϰ֮ˣֻøࡣ
תۼ䣬ѹסֽڿձ복ȾѱͤսڳϣҾ⻹ȥ
Ⱦͼ˭ͤսָȣҲãֻһԲرȥ
ָͤӣϲǻҷôϲңĪΪʲôˣ
Ⱦ޿̣ͷݺݳͤҧȥ
һþǺ޲ýͤȥ㣬ݴڴȾѪȵϢ
ͤûкˣ㷢й
⣬Ҳɰ
ͤ˫۽Ƹоʹ
Ⱦڲıͤԣ޷ʹл˸ż˷ܣ˴ǡ
Ⱦɿڡ
ͤŻڴӡѪۣ䶯˶
Ⱦ俴꣺Ȼؾʲôֺ֪αضʣ
ͤЦŮų⣬ͷľѴϢԩˣһס˸ң˵СƢȥĸ
ǴǰĶȾܻš
ڣѾͤʲôˡ
ڰĶǣڶĶߣһźÿƤĶ
ˣҲš
ͤȾڣҴڵ£ʶ㡣
ͤס両һ˿
𣿡ڣҹɲӲġ
㡪
Ⱦڱŭһʱ벻ʲôĻȥ
ӡѩҶūѽסֹȺķ䡣
֪ˡͤʱ˿ΣʵȻô֪ڸ˵ʲô𣿡
Ⱦ˱ۣ˵ɣҪʲô
ָĻѾˡһ˿ײİ󣬡һȥɣ⡣


70 
ͤһ, ˽ԺͣŵݵӻֱȾ˿
ѩҶͷͽһ׵Ůȹ
ͤչ, öȾϡ
ڵֱͤסԼҧס´ٳٲϻ
ͤƿ˼ͬգαؾн
˵ĵҲǣͤʲôԼΣ
ͨһ㣬Ⱦûԥȹϡ
ûź, ͤԶ֣⣬ƽ½־ִȥ
ҵҵСѾߡ
ɶȾ, ֻǼ
õѵһ, ͤͽݵ⣺ȥյ
ϲŮű۵ģ
̫İˡ
, Ǵʱÿ
.
һ·, ָǰͣ
ͤһվڳԯϵĶȾ֡
ȾĿ⣬װûп, Լ
˭֪Ķ̫, ǰ֮ʣȾλ˻, Щǰȥ
ͤȽס, Ⱥ, ǿ
ʱ̬ʲôأ
ȾϴûӦĻ
ʱŵСӭǰӣǰ콫ڸС
ֻһ콫ڳеĺ
Ⱦһ׮¡
ǰﳡΧԣͤΪ̫ȺԼȥѰԮҲ
ֻⲢɺϣҲͤıеһơ
ֵ̫̣Ⱥ
ǴӺʱʼڲɫز֣ǲǴʼաԼֻıɽһǣ
ԼȻϧ¾ֻʱֻͤгЦĴ
ͤ׵ɫĪ˺
סȾ֣봥
Ⱦ˰벽콫»ڵţĪҪ¡
ֽ̧ͤڰУιڵȻݣҼ
ȾûлشתֻӰ
ԺĻľͤԣá
ĺʱ֣صĺĻڴɣбͣⷽԺһ𻭾
ȥͥԺֲľʱȾԺʢʱĳ档
ǿިȴ͡
Լöˣͻѩ֦ôģǱĺˮûʲôо
.
鷿ѵƣͤĻĬƬ̺󿪿ڣô˵ҲҲͽ
ͷܣһըʿʮ򣬴߲ˣһһ˲飬δ֮ˡ
˵ЩˣЩѲ֮ͤ⣬бأ
һ㶣ʮҪʣ¶ʮҳ֮ˣڴ롭
ȻǴӶʮңǱʱܹӴҵĵˡ
ǡ
̧ͷƼɫƣ
ԼЩʱͤУѰý𺣵֣Ű²ƣҲ֪ô˶˶ٵĿͷ
˼ˣڣ»ȥ£ҲĪҪ̫ۡ
š
ۣͤĲӦ
뿪˽ѩҶʲô
ӣݺһֱϺԼġ
ͤüûţ
ūȰ˵ԣóȥ
֪ˡͤ˵ţվݵķȥ
.
ϣڰɱòңʤѷ֡
ȾһӣͤĽŲ
û̧ͷתȴ棺ⲻԸҲգֻԷպܣ
ȾһӼȻβߣֳʲôҲ徲Щ
Ŀǡ
·һȵķͼ飬ֻͤһ˵Ĵ
ҼȻķô֣Ӧš
ͤ˵գԸѾ½˳ѵͲ֪סΣ
ͤȾӦҡ
ҵȷӦҪǸʱһСͤԷԻᱣ֤סְȻ
ȾͤĻҪۼ
ȳԷ̫ˣҾͽ㡣
ΪޣΪ⡣
Ⱦûͬͤ£һԲԳԷ
ùţȾܲش˸ǷյȷǸˡ
ͤ˱ˮϴ塣
ȾԼݽˮ˼Щҡû뵽Լ¾׼ôõļƻȴͤ׾ٿ
պҪô죿
ѵһֱͤȦ֮УֱһΪֹ
뵽ĿܣȾͲ˸
Բܡ
һҪ취׵뿪ͤ
䴫ɤˮˣĪҪݵ̫òǡ
Ⱦγѣ˶ʱȥ£ˮվѾ߽Լɾ˯ʱ¡
ϴĶȾ߳⣬ͤԼǰλϣڿһ塣
δᣬֻʶӣתҪȥ
˭֪ͤƲۼƼĲԾϵôˣ
ڣȾ
ͤ߹ס䡣
Ůԭѩ覵ļϣһƬɫȥˡ
ֹϣв䣬ԼɴµļҲһ
ͤҲ룺ˣȥ̫ҽ
鷳ȾĻֻǰǼֲ̫ڣĥѡ
ʵڷջᴩʱĲϱöȾеʣʱֻм뷮ڼϾ˼Щ
Ⱦ˳ͤ֡Ū겢δյúܽ
תԼɻ˴ϡ
ͤ뿪޷˰۷ʱжһСƿ
ڴ£ûд󰭣ҲͿҩǣҹ﷢˯š
Լ
ȾӹеСƿ
˭֪ͤջ֣û˳ĺԼͿ
ȾĻ֮⣬ڵһҲ뱻ͤ
ȾҪȥͤеĴƿȻ궯һ׾ٵס˫󣬰ͷ
곶õĳ񲼣ּۿزڶȾ䡣
£Ⱦ˰׸һ㣬ͤƼ䣬˿Ҳá
°ڱ֮ʣָͤմűҩɪ¡
ȾסֻԼһѰĿ̡
ֹǺ󱳣ֱϣǺͼ򴦣Լǰеġ
ͤҲգؿţȷÿһ缡ͿĨҩࡣ
Ⱦ޿̣͵ͤ쵰
⣬һ棬ҲֻЩĴʡ
ôܲϲ
ǻҲã쵰ҲգҶݹأȹƵķͤһһ俪ڣԶǡ
´ŵ˿̸񶾵䡣
Ϳҩͤջ֣ѣ⿪
ȾԼתٿ
꿴һغ󾱣û.𲻶Ļ˷
ΣڵЪϢȥ鷿˯
ͤվ߳ͣδͷ⣬һһǷȫ
Ⱦûг
ûʲôòģ֮䣬͸塣


71 
, Ⱦ첻ѹ
ۣէȻʲǱԺɫ, Щϰߡ
˼Ϣ󣬶ȾȻʺڴѩҶأ
ˣҹ鷿ղŹһ˿ۣ뿪ˡ
ɻڸУ
Ⱦƿ´ҴЬӡ
ū澼Ӵ˳ԼĪҪ빬ѩҶ¿ߵǰԺ
Ⱦûͬԣȹ, ͷ׷ȥ
ܵúܿ죬׷ţƼҪ
ͤ
Ⱦס
ͦζ˶٣ͤعüۼ䲻һ˿ůۣôѶ, ׷˳
Ⱦûͬ, ֻ̧Ӧ, Ҫȥ¡
ͤеɲס
һסȾ, ǰ˹ʵ⼱, ֻΪ˵
ȻԼͬ˵ʲô
Ƕ꺮ů, ͬհһһЩ
Ⱦֳ, δüش, Ȼö, ǰһƬڣӲܿƵطǰȥ
⣿
ͤɤУǰ䡣
ȾĻУ㳹ʧȥʶ
.
ҽ̸ң̸Ů
ģ壬Ⱦһɤ˵Щʲô
۽޲˲Ŷ˶ƿһֻǽڷֽסԼƣ⣿
ͤ
֮⣬ƺһ߽
𽥾£Ⱦͤؾ
ؾûգۡ
ӺΣ𽥺͵ˮغϣº͵ɤһޡ
Ⱦǹһ˿ԳЦ
ͤһǡôظסߣɺЩˣûﲻ
˵ԸͤȾ֪ԼΪλͻȻεôˣ
á
ûд󰭡ͤԼֳǰͷĻֻЩӳԵ̫٣¡
Ⱦգۣ֪ԼòͤĻ
ʱؾҲڣǣƽҲöЩ֮ܵ塣
Ⱦ˿ԭˡ
ؾߵǰѯĲ飺ýɾкβʣ
ûСȾϸ룬ֵЩӣǾʹ
ްΪÿһѪҩͺáؾһ۽ȾͬСӰ꣬Ṵ˹ûԵ£ҾȻҽˡ
ͤͷҲֳ̧ߡ
ؾתȾæֳ
ؾͣ½Ų˶٣Ҫ˵ʲôȴֻ³֣л
ۣͤסе
סȾָĦǴ׵ü͸ܹѪܵļλãԼֳź
ȾҲַ֪ʲô񾭣˶뽫ջͤյø
Ⱦۣ͵ǻΡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͤɿ㿴ԭѩ׼ԼµĺۣȽһˣЪϢ
˵գַͤԸѩҶȥӻֵ½̸̸ָġ
.
ͤ˹ȥ˹Űȵ޵һˡ޵뿪˽콫
鷿УһͿżɽʵ֪Ӵĩк£
нһˡͤͣʣīδɵֽݹȥһҪҵ
˫ֽӹһͷҪ˵Ϣ
ķ޶ҩơֽ϶ҡҡͷҪҵˣǲס
ͤΪףҲŻ鷳콫ҵԽԽá
֣£ɫҲӷģĩС
˵Żй˽ӣ̫ͷ˵Ҫ
̫̫ӵĸͤĸ
ͤϻָƽյƽƹӭȥĸ
̫ͷͷҡҷװûȴɥɥӵ㲣ò밲һۡ
ۣͤĿǣæδĸ밲ֶʧְ
̫ҡͷˣǵȶ֮ˣҲмͬٹ£Ǳȥ磬Ȼɥδٰܾ죬Ҳ֪ꡭ
ͤһеƾĸԼ
ձ˼䲻˴ٴ죬ܸý󹬹үǾ۵һ̫֡ʥϲУӦһϯùϲЩ
ͤͷҲãͷԸ񲿵ȥ졣
š̫ӦҲɣû⺢ӣġ
ġ
ͤӦ¡
.
ͤɽһһأʱڡ
Ⱦæӭ뻨УסµϿ¿ȷû¡
ġµӲƶʲô
Ⱦ˿ʦ̫Ƕˣͽ˴š
ǳˣŵȻһš
˶Եò࣬һ¿ӺѾ߽˳ȥΪȾһںҩ֭ʱԸģΪĲѪİ
밢ȥʵ಻ãȾü
ΣԼӹȥģȾ룬ųʹʹ̬һ
Ѿæȡе۽ֺõҲӷԸġ
Ⱦûже۽
νԼ
½һĻѾ뿪ƶԭΪҪ뿪Ϊ
ΪҲãȾЦʦ̫ˣҺܺá
˫ֺʮӷ
ƮĻ㣬ȾͷЩԹԿá
Ⱦسʦ̫ɷһ󣿡
ʩ˵޷
ʦ̫һλϲ֮ˣ԰ĺģӴտʼ֣ոǽˮ׽棬հγӲݣɵ˴껨֮ʱŷľǵŵԭԼŪ˻֡
Ⱦʦ̫ɻʧ䣿
ҡͷ㡣
ʶȾĪʩҪεϺģ
Ⱦ
֪ԭֳͤԪҹԼʱȾйŭʹ࣬ãȻ
ΨһǸҹɵĸо
ԭĸѪѲ֪עͤϡ
겢Ǵ̶Ѫھĵҹչÿһŵ̵̴˵ࡣ
ȾʵǺ¡
δش£⴫Ų
ͤˡ
˵ǳˣΪŮ죬ͤȡСͬͷ˳ȥ
ͤԣϸȾɫţɫǱϺЩ
ӹ
Ů䲻ȵĿǡ
˵ŹһգͤȻϰĵĮ
ͷһС۽
նȾյϰߣùҩ޲ý۽һ꣬һʣ
⣬Ȼʹǰһˡ
ͤⰵ˰ûжԣתһ£ٹ£ǻ̫磬ҽɺã
Ҳȥ
֮еĴ𰸡
ͤһö۽ڿҧ顣
˿ɬѹȥŲɫɹĸ˵ˣҵʱλүҲᵽͶδѵͬ˵˵
ȥʵۼλ󣬷ʮĵΪʮĻϬҲǶ
ԼϬȷδ
֪ͤǹȾǴӦá
.
תۣ㵽˻̫һա
磬ٲҪװһȾھǰ˰ʱѾΪױ
źɫȹɴӡĵƣ㲢ǳƺϻؾжʧׯĴ硣
ڷ٣¶Ůϸѩ׵Ĳ
ͤѻһɫߺƳۣ߹ȥȻŮЩȻ˲٣´ǰԴŴ̥ǳɸ߸ϣַŮ
ͷͤ㲻첽ǰ纷ɺá
ѯʵĿǣȴѴۣױѡ纷Ρ
ʱͤÿգҲȾ纷Զβİ
ķ̽ͤһֻ䡣
꽫ķ䣺ɻǵãȥϦĵһ
ȾȻǵãǸʱϲ⣬ֻ䰮֣᲻ôϡ
Ůûκóˣó˻̫硣
ͤûж˵ʲôִױֻУȡˮ̵׵ȾȴһҲûм
ڶȾ䡣
ķ䣬ϣԼӡǡͤͷ˿ûʧĨƽ
ͷУ𽥽Ů뻳УƷϵĿ֬
Ũ㣬Ϻõõɡ

ȾûϵͤʱͻȻԼ
ܵҪ㿪ͤȴסԼļ磬Ȧ뻳жá
ȾŪҷΣʱ
˲ãͤɫ΢ôߵؽϵõ֬ʳһɶ
Ⱦ׵ͤţҪ̱ȥ
һˮ⣬͸ζ
Ůڱ·մϢͤƬ̵㡣
ƿָḧŮ΢΢׵Ĵ꣺һСĽĿ֬ˣǱǸ
ˣȴǸ⡣
װ֬ĺӣָĨϴָ֬϶ȾĴŹЩͿô֬Ǿͳš
ͤöȾһ˵ĸо꿴侲ȴڼʲô
ȾЩ¡
һʱǶͤ˹ΪĨϿ֬վϸһҵ⣬Ȼÿġ


72 
̫, ֻع͸λүԼسŮǡ
ǰȾ׽μӵ, 񵹲Ƶǰַ
Ҳǣ³оƲʥ֡ءϳʺϴٴ졣
ǰ磬ȾμϺ񣬽ִּңһʯ
̫һŶȾȵס֣⺢òԽɰģ, Ҫ˵ǳ޵̫磬˼顣
Ⱦͷ̫ޣҵ
̫Цſ䣬ʹ͡
Ůھ˰ʱŮ, ʳ׼׵, λƲϯ
вٺ, Ϊ˱, ŮԷϯϯ
ȾҵᣬϬ˵ЩĻ
Ϭһ, 㾪üһ, ĪҲѧֻ¶ɣôôࣿ
Ⱦܶ𣺡ɻã
ûʲôòõ, ҲͻӡϬĵ, ˿Ⱦ, ѩ֦أѾƽﲻǴ粽źôûи
ȾͷȻ¡
ϼҿȥˡ
Ϭͷ㵹ƣ÷ߡ
ţһûһġ
һλϵĻ̫ʤŮ޵
ϬȾһۣû˼ҲĴȥһ䡣
.
˿֮ΪǵƱյˡ
ƹѲбϯϿʼʫԣǻ顣
ͤжžյλ񡪡⡭Ǵ˿й˰ա
ۣͤõȾͺദʱ̬
ŮǲһһЦͶԷһϸ˵
⣬Ҳӵй˲ġ
ӡ
йǰ˼
£
̫ھūȥһˡ
̫Ҫͤ¾յվ
һ̨µĴ󳼽һԸ
λ˼ɣȥȥͻء
ͤ仰ֱӳȥ
̫ѵڵУ˱ͤӭˣ
šף֪ĸר̽Ϊ£
£˵衣
ֶ֮ӣͤڻ͵£õȲŲյδ
̫ĿûдͤƿɫмֽӲΪβĪò⣿
뵣üڵòۣͤˮ濪ĲҶһۣĸˡ
˵գᴵһڲ裬ǳһڡ
̫΢ɲ˿
ͤ豭ϣĸʲô±˵˰գ
ʵҲʲôҪ¡̫ǵŲյҲһڣֻǱʹˣҹΣμȥ̫ӡ
̫ӣΪ̫꣬Ա˵Ǳݺģ
̧ۣͤһĵȻ֮
̫УźӦλɰ࣬ĸĪðĹ»Ұֶ֮ӦɮһаĸҲ˯ðȡ
̫ϢȻ٣Լŭ⣺ͤ
ֶڡ
̫ǽĺӣŶмӣȴçײ
ĺ֮ףŭһ˿⣺̫ӵδɹ㣬㡭
̫󣬽ű߻ӵǻͤΪɣְѳֳЮ
ϸ̫֮ıͤҵ꺦̫ϵ֤׵ԩҲͤС
̫סͼл꣺߹ĸֵйأ
ĸĪͣǲ£̫ͤӵĲˣȵ۵Ĳ¼ɺͻɡ
֪뵽ʲôǹһĨЦͺҵﵱһ
㡭
̫׹ζԼ¡
ûãԲαװȰ㣬˵ʵΪã͵ΪԼ
ͤ⣺ĸ˻⣿
㾲Լʣ
̫ЦȲҪв꣬ǱУй˷µĶҩٹʱγ϶
˭֪δȵͤľʧ룬ԷһЦĸҲһ£
̫ЦһȻøǧۡ
ɲʲôŤͷһԾʧ֣㡭
ĸĪҪִˡͤƵǸĵ͡
δ䣬һλѾѹ£ؿͷҪ֣͹ū澺ˡ
̫ۡ
ҩؾڹĸСͤӦòֶ̫ҽ
˵գվͷȥ
ͤ˭֪˿ֶ̣̫ȻΪ֣ѵͲ𣿡
˵ֻ꣬⴫ԼŮļС
ͤüſȥ
ԭĵɫɢеɱſ
ذЮŶȾĶΪ⣬ǽˣ˳ҳӵ⣿
ȾҲû뵽ϬķȻϬڶѸ֮ٽһԵԼЮ֡
ڶҪЮ£һ̫޵
ͤҲȾ³ԼҪЮͤİѱ
ŮǹһĨԳЦͤıòײߵλãôΪԼ
Ҫʲô
ɤ϶Ⱦ˼
Ҫʲô̫ǿŸоʹվ߹Ҫһ࣬ʵҡ̫ӵǲǺС
ǡ
ͤû˿ԥˣǴá
̫λ˻Ρ
Ѳµ𰸣ѪɫһȥøɸɾԳֺɫ̫·ӣݺݳͤĿڴȥ
һĻУȾ˫ͫȻҪ
ͤ㿪ȴûС
̫еĽȥȴûв.ͤĿڣת˸򣬲硣
ͤҧûз
̫ѾȥĽ߷Ƶӣ˰벽
ЩȥæסĻܡ
ɲӿ̫תȥŻܿ޵˺ѷΣ㣬Һ㣬ǵĺӱҪҵĺӣվҵıӦ𡭡
ͤһ˵ʲô
Ī˵ͤȾҲԼĶǲǳ⡪ˣǱԼúģ
ͤѿ첽ǰ˲üϵʹץס̫ļ磺㷽ŵĻʲô˼
ҩҩЧʼ̫³һѪĨǵѪſĸ͸㡣
һ㶣ɿ֡
˭֪̫¶ȻһЦûʵش
ʯ䣬վݺݳһǵײȥ˵ϡ
˭Ҳûϵ̫󾹻Աա
ȾЮԼĶ͵²㣬ࡣ
ͤĿ⣬ֻڻ̫ʬͣɲǣ㽫ƹʶأҪʲô
ذ׵ֶ˶
ǿ򶨣ͤ±ͲģҲֲ㣬㽫ι
ԡͤȽˡ
ɵҲ֪ſȾԼʲôѱûС
ԲͷĽ֪ǵӦίߣǡ㽫ӰٴԼһء
˵գֲҪѪ֡
С
ۼͤذ.ȾۿдŰ󣬡ͤ㲻Ҫġ
żϵʹһۣ⣬ұǷһ
ģȾסҡͷ㲻ǷҵģͤӲǷʲô
ȴҲʱԼ
ȾǷͤʲô
ס졣սذףٷϻҾ֪ʲôʹ
͡
ƤѪ⣬ۡ
Լ˼ٻһֻֽ֣
ͤպĲд֣䲻ʲôԼ
ͤȾ⣬۾ϣҪ
Ⱦҧס´ûĻ
⣬㡭
Ը˿ԼǱģ
Ⱦһۡ
ƼԼΧ۵Ĵ󳼺Ůǵ
ȾǲͤעҪԽԽԶ塣

֮ͤ䣬һҪڽˡ
Ⱦ΢΢ǰ㣬űذ׸ƺʱĸо
ǶÿЩҲ˵úء
Ⱦսۣ¶˾ģȻǰײȥ
ҲһɲһİŮ߻ӵģ
ɽԶϺ߻ӵģעȴûսסذ׵󣬺ݺһ
ذѵڵذϡ
Ľʿûһϣֳֳ.ǹס
Ⱦײ˸գˤڵϡ
û֮еʹȾۣǰŶᵶ֮һλŮƤЩڣһ˫۾ȴû°ɣ
Ⱦҡҡͷͤˣ
ūרΪġ
Ⱦ򴽣ͷѪеꡣ
еĳӶΧǰȥеǹͤеǿ֣ע⵽Ⱦ޼
ǰ粽ĻѩҶѩҲѱЮҲûбõĻˡ
ԸͤΪԼ
ҲԸԼΪͤ
Ⱦ䲻⹬ŮΪҪֻһݣץ䣺죬ߡ
СŮһ㶣ʲô
㡭ߡȾֵ˿
СŮֿ˿޵һͷԲѵӣȻΪʲôҪ󣬵ǴӦá


73 
ȾԭΪ, һʶĹŮԼ뿪˵أֱ쿪
û뵽Է, ڵ䴩󣬱ܿ͹ˣһİĹ
֪ﻹֵطשưܣԺľ㣬µʯӲݡ
乬СŮƿ룬з˴ǵʥϲϲӣᱻ䵽
ԭˡ
Ⱦǰ乬ӡ, ڷʫʸ踳
УʵǡԸܵʲôԹʫ黭⣬ֻɪ塣
СŮֽһСūƽ˯ĵطԷĴš
Ⱦֹ
, ū޹, ΪҪСŮЦ, ʶū, ūȴʱ̼ľ֮
ɻǵȥ꣬ʹҲԪλ̫ٽ𽹬㽫ײϵСѾߣ
ȾԼһӡ
ǸСѾū, ԭջʹƢ, ֻūѱȥ𣬺Ϊ, ū澲ű䵽乬, һ, ֮󣬱һֱҪαĶ顭
˵ŻݴһŮСӣСӣѾͷȥˣ
СŮūȥȥͻء
˵գ뿪ӣ¶ȾһˣڶԻūʲô£
ȥʲôʱţҶˣˣǧҪסԽӣһҪģУҪһЩ֭
ǣū֪ˡ
˻СֻصʶȾɶˣʲô
ȾҡͷҲ
صģ⹬ֻҪǮ乬ҲܳԵö
СӴǽǵĺľȡһɰͷͭǮ죬ȥģʲôֻҪơС
Ⱦɷµ㣬һѹУҲ
ֻԭƽ
Ҫ£⹬ƢŹ֣ȴū澣׬ǮҲһֻ۱һֻۣû˻֪
Ⱦʵǲ֪ô졣
Ƭ̺оӣ
Сȡһͭ
ȾеԼۿ죬ëԹ飬һã޴롣
ҧס꣬õ崽֬ƺ븮ǰͤµϢ
ŮΣȡͱˣͷ㽫ЩҸط
ȻѾҪ뿪˵أǾͲҪ´ǰĺۼ
Сӻ⣬Ϊһ˵ȹѶūԼϴøɸɾ
Ⱦ֮л
ϵ޳Сȡ裬Ǹ֮һ档
.
ϴδ¸ɮһջϹȹͷһգȾϿʼҹ˯乬Ĵϣֲĥļȥ˯š
պӦ
գСȡĴţɫһţ²ãū澷Ż·ϣй˵ѾѹŽڹѲ顣
Ⱦһ⡣
ǰͤԲѣֵµ콫Ҳ˴ѰԼֻѹû乬ʽĵط
ͤȾȷԼǷ׶
ɲ֮ʱԺĴͻȻĵ죬ţ㿪š
Сæ¹񣬽Ⱦƽȥ
ͣͷĽȲĥĥ䣬СүͰײˡ
δ䣬ŵĽʧȥԣһ߿š
СӭţһĶɤۣϹЦ֪λк£
ͷĽͬϻʵʵţǰ˭ܡ
Сɫػݣ¹ͷĽûҳ˵ʲôֻͷٷ
尾˰ʱѵ乬
Сæס乬Թӭȥ
͵͵һֻۣɫ԰ףŵɴ»ѪʱʱڴͿȣδָ
Ю֣Ϊ޶Ը⣬ۼҲ֪ΪҪӡ
ΣԼľˣСѡ
Ժưܣû˲ĵط
ͤĿ⣬Ƴ˹ڵϵĹŮһۣ⹬Ůķ䡣
СӵĶʱ
ĪǡӲʲô
±˿Ծ̧ͷֻԼӣűǷ䵹Ķ
ˮӶͷ䣬СΪȻҪ֮ʱĽȴ߳ӣѾѹûҵټ
˱ۣסеʧ̣䷿ϸѲ顣
.
ͤɤ⴫Ⱦں֮ϣץԼ°ڣ¶
ţǽ
Ǳ乬סķݣȻҪߴЩڰգȾͷȥһѣΡ
ĴѰԼ󡭡뷿еͤ
ղƺбЩ
ͷȾָԼġͤǺǻ޹ء
һȦһĻӡ
֪ˡ
ͤĻ
ĻѲ֪˶ٻء
ϵ˿ʼʹ
ͤǸԼˣŮھһգһԶӰ
ɵ
֪ԼˣӦٺЩԹҲҪԼԣ˭Ҳ
ԿƣͤͿһ洽ָʺѪ
΢ɲػ˻ΣǿվΡ
ͤȡһ˿˹ָϵѪɾڣȥѲһ䡣
޳ӰнԶֱʧ
ںϵĶȾۿģ
һɤ𣺡Զ᲻ãȥ׷Ҳü
Ⱦγѣø۽ǵ᣺ˡ
ԼµĴסֽţлǰ֪ǰɷٽȥ
СĿɿڴԼ䣬һֻ·ɵ䵽ϣ
һʱ֪øû֣ԼṦ¡
ֹСӣδĶȾҲû뵽ﾹȸ֣乬֮С
ͷĶ֪¹ﲻܲصס͵͵ԭԺ㣬û뵽Ƽλ乬ȭ
ĿԣԷ˵Ⱦൽݵĺϲ
־ǻָ֡
Ⱦлǰ
Է˼ڣһΪļҷµĹŮ㵽⹬û뵽ҳӵķޣ
֪ˣ
С¿ˮ
ôĶĪǱǶ˲ɣ
Թ˲ÿɷ߸Լ˱衣
Ⱦ΢ƽͷ⣺ǰȻ˵ãΪλҪ⹬У
˭˵ǱġԹߣȻʵˣˣҵȻҪ⹬Ϊعѡ
Сͷһ⡪ò˸˵ˣֻҪ˵ǳ֥ùӵ¡
ȻȶȾʣԹѿڣң뵱꣬ȵ΢˽ã̽ĵĽŮӣͱɽϣҳȣкʢ֮Ρ
ָżϳʱõĻУԱһ飬ôԭǿ˹ˣȴҲٳֶδ򶯣ٰ֪Ȼǵӡ
ԹüۼЦ⵭ȥǧ㲻Ǳһ˵ģǻʹԪɶ񣬼ó裬ݱҩ뺦ȵ۾ǲɷ˵ͽ乬
Ů毺õݣҧгݵԪǸˣȵ۱û뵽һӣͷȻڱǰͷ
Ⱦ΢΢˰벽
Ī¡СӵÿȻʣﶼҪ񲣬ȹȥ˾ͺá
ȾǺ£ֻЩۡ걾һСУϡ
ûԪϣȻҲȾȻʶʸѾʧͲ㡣
˵Թ˵ԲۣȻҵģֻǰԪƴ󣬲ŹңǵĶ֡
Ⱦû뵽ˡ
Ҳ֪δ乬Щ꣬Ȼʿһۣ
Թһ㶣Ȼ˵¡
ûСȾһθڵĲˣ˳Ӻ󣬱ҲΪԣǿпޡȡ
Ⱦûϵδ˵꣬Թ˾̧סԼĲӣס졪

СǰȶȾȴԹһƵڵء
ڲսԹһԪϵˣȻʵĸ顣
Ⱦ촭
뵽ԼҲɵΪͤʩһãͻϲþãΪԼĮҽڡ
Ȼʲϲ㡭ҲûáΪѵؿڣһû㣬ѵܲ𣿡
ԭΪ˵仰Թֻ׺ݵر
˭֪𽥻ָɿ֣ţͷ˾䣺뿪ͤ
Ⱦһ㶣ǡ
ͻȻ뵽ӣȥ


74 
, Ǻӹ
ҹĻµĻʹȰžö, ˽ѲʱĽŲֻʱʱѻС
ӰŲҴңӹһͷ߹
Ϊ׵Ľˣǵվסĸģ
ŮŮͣһλϹϾū乬Թ˵ˣԹ˽ղ֪Ϊͻȣȥ̫ҽԺˡ
˵ţǰ벽, һֻԹµȵüͨڡ
ǽɫؽСŮТӹɤӵԭˣֻ֮ӻ, ֲӰ, ʱֻĪҪܵĺ, ˻, ǿȥء
˵գ˹ȥˡ
ԶһֱͷĶȾСӶһ, ˿
˲δ̫ҽԺķȥ, ԰
ʱֵգ԰֯, ܽвЪ, өڻľС
Ⱦȴ, μԹ˵ķԸɫ԰Σҵ˵һɽ
ɽһӰѺڴ˴ԹˣЩ춼Ҫˡ
Ⱦϰимǰõȡ
Թһ㶣ԹԵ˵˹ĵë˹ɵøĸġ
ֵϻˣǶҼɽϵӡȻֻǴܵĹؼȴû˵ĸλá
Ѱ
ȾڼɽʯһͻȻоһݣƵ״Ǻϣϲ⣺ǰ
δ䣬ǰɽȻ춯ԶתȦ
һصڣֻͷqqģʲôӡ
ԹͳһöӣһֻеĻü񡪡Ҳ֪ĸ͵ġ
Ļüߴߴš
ֻԹ˶һͣȥ
üҲص֮УϢ֮չᣬԹ˲ſڵȥɡ
˳̨ʰ£Թ˻ܣҵʯϵһӡƺȥ
ͷļɽӦ£ʲô
кܺڣӽ֮ڵǰ·ɭʯڡ
ȾԼĻ
δԼַʽ뿪ͤ
䲻֪ںδҲ֪Ҫ߶ãŮĽŲûͣ
СȻסȾ֣ߵøȡ
صһ·ƽ̹һ·ʱʱԻĲ·֪Թڣ˷ǵвɡ
ڰʱ󣬶Ⱦǰȸౣˮ
˲ƣӿ˽Ų
Ȼ⣬Զ޵ܼкԭѾˡ
ĳɽ䣬վڽµƽȥңңϼ֮£ǧ򻧵ٰǺ߷ŽĻʹ
ǡȾţĳˣ
ģСȸԾԺҲõˡ
Թ˽ϵİݸȾͷĶԼãŪ˿û˹ܡ
ģͷ񶣵죬ǰȾСЩ鱦Ρ
Ⱦ˫ޱԹˣǰһ𣿡
ңԹ͵Ȼʵӣʲô
Ⱦ򴽣֪Թ⣬ԼȰġ
ǰء
Թ˲Ϊذڰ֣ڴҹûȥ˯С
ȾһݣСת뿪
˵ıӰҲʧһ
ûƿԹ˵Ṧص乬ʱ䡣
޷УɾЬͷйţƽﴫС̫ࡣ
С̫֪Թһ򲻺ǣ˵ϹϾ﷽ȥĶˣū澿
Թ˶ž̷û̧ͷʲô£
Ǳ߷ҪعŮȫټǰūҲ֪ʲô
Թ˶һ٣ӻ
ɲأ˵˺ú´ӱûعۣһˮҲȣҲûԣڹʮʱһھҲŹ
С̫̾Ҳ֪ĸ󵨣Źߡ
ϻࡣԹ˴Ļվ·
.
̳ɵǰվ˹еŮ졣
ȻʥϵɣзǵŮ٣λݸߵͲһĹŮʳջѾͷ
ۣͤϸϸɨȥ
յѪ֮ʣڻǰؿȺ֮УһŹŮȹ˽ߡ
ǵŮ뿪ʱϵĽŲҲûλŮŻʧĽŲϴЩ׵ȹڡ
жŽſŮ춼յصͷһֳֳ.ǹĽֻͷ
ͤȻҳӣµƫúܡ
Ҳеģ̲סĶ࿴ۣɰÿģϧǸġ
ͤͣ½Ų
꿴һλվŵӣźĹŮأ
ˡԹ˲ΪȻĿǣһĨҲ֪ܵĶȥˣӶҪǸûĵġ
ͤΣ꿪ڵȥĹУϸϸȫһ顣
乬Թ˵ԺٴĴѰ
ͤĿŷڣŮ
ǲصͤҲҪߣҳ
ѵ
ӹŮĴɨһ
ԭ⣬ͤɨȥͫ׶ʱսȻǰ벽˭֪ͷֿʼ
λ˻ΣסһԵľĿڻϣù

ĻҽУԼɼһĨɫ
ָӻҽｫɴӡĵϸӦóһλŮС
˱ָۣƺܸܵµļԼŮɪʱӡĦĵĴС
תסóǹסԹˣɤɳƵأ
ӵġ֪ӺδðС̫࣬ǰ乬ﴫλԹˣǻЩġ
𣿡ͷ⣬ʲô򣿡
С̫˿ĭū˵Թ˹۵ģϷṦһ¾ʹܵݶ
ҡݶѡ
ͤսƬɴǿżϼۣվеȴ
ܿ죬ݶϳӣ²ݶӰ¿Թ˷еһɾһҵ
˵ţ˫ֽҵ֮
ϣһںڷ˿
ͤ޳ָ⣬һ˿ڷĶǧٻأġ
Ůķ˿ľ㣬ζŨδɢȥ
ͤŷ˿սָ䣬һЦ
⣬ǻصúܡ
ǸʱںϿԼûйԥ
Ǻġ
žһ΢죬˿ָ䡣
ͤûԥת.彣ĽֱָԹĿڣ㽫
ԹʲôЦ£ΪǸˣӦúҽҪ㡣
ϵ·ѵۣۣͤ㵱ΪҲɱ㣿
˵գǰͰ磬߳Ѫ
Թüǿţԭô׺ݵˣֲҪ㡣
ס졪
۽һԴƣ¡
ԹЦΪĿڵЦ
ԭν˳ᢵӣһҲǸӡ
ͤһһ俪ڣǰ˵˲˵ĻŽҵ˼


75 
ֽͤеĽǰͣ, ںδٱһ
Ǻһա
ϧʱ߽, ԹѼ̫൶⽣Ӱһ˿Цǰͬ˵һ֪ӿȤ
ͤ
˵ϲ㣬ҲûáԹĵһû㣬ѵܲ𣿡
ԹϣһϤɫ
һգȾҴȻʸԼʵɲǵã, ڵŭ⣬ǿ򶨡
һɺԡ
ͤ
ԹЦû֦ҲΪͤҲΪԼ
ǿɱ
Цδ䣬ڶѸ֮, ǰĽײȥ
ͤ͵󳷻ؽ, κΪʱ, Թ˵, һˣһڵصʬ
ѪۣͤС̫൹һ
, , ˭Ҳ⴫
֪ɱˡһ
ǡ
ܵĹ˺ͽٸҷֶ
, ѲĽǰ棺, Թ˷ѳһ˫Ь, ȥЩһ
һ˫źɫЬЬմۺҶӲݡ
Թ乬ЬҲӦ
ͤȻµʲô
תԸеˣȥ԰ңԽԽá
.
ḷ́ãɽȼ䣬һƱ̡
һ˫ϸ׵ָ߸߾𣬽ò֮¡
ˡ
ȾͷŹϵʮ㣬֣С
Сӿ㵱ġ
ģʲôµġ˵䣬ȾվΣԺ̿СӣɻʲôҪҰæģ
˵ȾսСӻǲػֻ˸ɵģҨһˮͭտܳԷ
աȾŲظɻ
̼Ѿ͸װʯľˮͭУתۼзڣгɱƬҰÿӼţڹһ̱ǳɫ
ӿ罭ѩ緭ϼ
պϽ֭ζζޱȡ
óԡ
Ⱦ˿ԼĿޡ
ӹ뿪һգõԼֹ԰ɽӵӡ
.
ǰٰǽ
ӰĳɽȾСվڹٵԣŵ·ﳾþû
СæĿڣպͶȾǰõĳƺ㣬ȥ
ҪȥҵǶ
δ˵꣬ӭٲ߹ǰͷվס
Ⱦֹס˻ֻٲǰлһ
ִһƳһĶʱᵽɤۡϵŮӣջװԼ
ٲеĻ˱ȶԣֵܿûˣ߰ɡ
мԶȾĲԭλ
̧֣ԼָµƤֲƣȫȻƴǰǰϸۡ
ǰ׼ΪֻԼҲܰȻض
Ⱦ˿üǡڵݾ֮Զһ·ǻвѲ顭
ֻԼڰ·ͷǵñ¶ɣͤ׽ȥ
ңҲǳ̫ξͤԵθѰԼΣ
ʱȥҵףͶ
ȾѣСᳶ䣺֪ȥĶͺū澡һ߰ɡ
ǡȾҲ𣿡
Сҡͷ֪ûԻסɽ˲ûԵ˸ңŴ˺ЩǮԶݽ빬УҲ㽫и䡣
£Сӵ۾죺ǰұյţ˵ҵѾȥɽǼҲҶɽЩӷͷˣȥļˣã
.
ȾСɽסºתѹ¡
תۼſ붬Թ⣬Сӽһţɫڻ磬ȥɽתתһЩ
һȥСӿڣȾ۷ݣǽǰѹ߰ɡ


76 
ջĶ, һͷɽֻҰ, һֻӸմ̳Ų·Ӵܡ
Ⱦּۿ죬һֻҰУ߹ȥ
СӼ״ı£ԽԽˡ
Ⱦ΢΢Цöлλʦ̵úá
ǰĶȾⱾ¡
ɽ£СְֽټϼÿնֵȾļ
ձɽ, ȾųСض顣
ǴǰǸĶȾ
ԡ
á
.
ʹ޹Ժ
ಡ
һ֧ѳ֮ļֱȥ, ִ, ȴͬй, žһڲݵϡ
ͤ, ۵ûа
µΣ⡪
ڶв£ֽ, , һֻձ
ּҪĶ
ͤ£ڴֲס, µܹһ
, ʱһλǰӡ
˵
ѵʥϵĺ, һӤ
ͤһ٣֪ˡ
֮ͤĸûκαʾ̽ʣ֪Ҫ¡
ءͤĻʥӣϲ¡
⺢ӡ
ȻǾšͤЩ֡
ǡ
²ӵ˼ĸͤĻӦ¡
ͤûٶ˵𹭣սʹ
ͤһеĹϡ
졣
ͤ
һԵĸ״æҪΪͤȴϣá
ͤǰѹһۣ
ȻǰһѣΣͤλ˻Ρ
ӣɻá
.
ٴۣС
ͤΪ꣺ֳ
ؾջ֣ɫأоΣ
пɡܹͤˡ
ؾ΢΢šü͵Ҳ˼ֱŭӾ˼ˣټϴӵĹƳ棬ǿ֮ĩαػҪǿȥ
ۣͤûб粵Ļ
ϲѪɫؾੲݵĻȻֹ
ҲգΪֳܣҪܵܳЩؾȰµò֪٣ΪҲԼӡ
ͤһԳ
˶ΪȾǱ˳°ߣŻ᲻֪١
ֻԼŮһ٣ٶ
Ī˵㣬ֻ±ȾҲ޿ٶ࿴һۡ
֣ͤͿֳ˵ǡ
ҪҵˣɴϢˣ
ͤȥ
ؾͷԽԽãϵĹƵ鲻ãȵҪһգҩʯ顣
ҩʯ顭
ǵ浽һգ⣬ҲΪһᡣ
.
ɽĶҪһЩ
˶죬㲻ǰùҰɽǶߣʱҲټ
ִýҹŰ屻ײ첻˵ľҲ֪©磬ۡ
ȾС˯һŴϣȡů
δ̣ʱʱǳбѡ
㲻¡СȰɽ궼ˣҾЩľ壬©ĵط
ȾĻ΢Щ
գȾڱͷСӵֲҹ䣬ԭѩˡ
·ֻͷװعؼããһƬ
СӼæȰ㻹ǿЩȥͷúܣ
ȾһСϴȴԼҪͷż¡
µڴĥƣ¶ٵÿ
ԼûбĿˡ
ȾտǸϼӣ
Сָһ㣺ǣüԡ
Ⱦ۷ݣ򿪹İͷ鱦ţ빬ʱһߵΡ
ѡţͷһֻĽΣõ߳⣺֧ӣɽµļУԼһ·
ǽĶôáСҡͷҡ
ţ
֧һǹ죬ǹ˲õģֻǰŽóȥžҪץʴĶ͵ġ
Ⱦϵһֻŵ
ԭΪһĽΣܹóû뵽ͭ졣
ȾૣҪǺá
æϵȽϣⱾġ
򲻿ɡСæǰֹסĶһҵи취
.
ɽµС
˵ѩǸϼ죬ټؽʮǰðİﲻ
ȾȺУսСӵֵĲᱻϳ
ġСЦŵùĨҲϲοˣ
˵Ⱦ˿
ļӣмֻ㱣
խխĽֵԣѼģд񣬻аķֽ
ɵһֿҪȥ
ȾСӾϲֵس֣쿴ǲϵĻ񳷵ˡ
̧ͷֻֿڵĲϿտҲǰͷĻ
ٺò
СûƼе죬Ҳ㣬ֻηٹһأϲĨңҡڵسҲû¡
ȾĻЦͷ˿Ȼȥʲôʱ컬࣬ȥѡ
СӽϵĲ÷̡
˵ǲ÷꣬ͷҲ£˸һʵʵѣ˽˵ʱ򣬶ȾӺɰͳһӲӵĻƽ
Сӵ⣬üӽǰֻ飬ϵóǹټҵĶ
˭֪ƹһۣҡҡͷλ˼ǵֻͭǮʲôġ
СҲûϵǰڹǴˣõĶǽӽҶӣû뵽ѰȴЩ
ƹ񣺡Ϊʲôսӣ
С⣬յóôͭƹҪ򣬿ȥǼҵ̻ͭǮ
ԭˣȾòǮӿǹˣ
ԣƹ϶ʱЦһ仨˹ˣ͹￴öء
ȾûпֺСӸѡһëñӣʵޱ
ǰƹڵؽ͵ǰλߣ»п
£Ⱦȥƹ˵Ǽҵ̣𻻳ͭǮ
ǮһӾҲʼֻʶ죬Сɣлӡ
Ϊ˻ɽ﷽㣬ȾһͷԻ¿
ǡȾշףΪǮˮ
ҲᵽԭǮĿ֡
һжãֱҹƣһĶȾ˯㣬СӵĵͿ
Ⱦ͵ƣӴͷ̡
ҡȿ¡СӰο˯һվͻá
ȾŽɣһҹδߣСȴյø


77 
Сӹ̵Ķͷ, Ⱦһ
ǵǰԼˮǻأĴ˵, Ҫյ̫ãܻܿΣǽκãҲ²
Ⱦļ٣ˮ߹ӸСҪȥ
㡭ɼǵɽ·
С
ȾֻСӴȥһϣǵɽкбС
㲻õġСȰϰ, ܺá
Ȼҽ㣬ǾҪʵʵҵĻȾǰδеǿӲⲡǰҲ鲻á
Сֲһɽȥҩ￴Ҳá
ҲֻУµĶȾװͭǮĺɰ, ŷͷͭõò, ԶԶ
ת, ִװǸ, Ҵͷɨһۡ
Ƶβ˿ֻʣһöʹ
Ⱦ΢΢򴽡
ΣǺͤɻͷһ, , ֻǽ˵
СˤڵصĶ
Ⱦת첽߹ȥ˷, ŷѾյԺ, ·߲ȡ
޷˼, ȾСӣǰʹһϡ
ɽ·ߣµѩѻȾŢһǳһţֲŲţüЩˤڵء
ǿž񣬲ڰȻС͵ҩ̡
ɽϴΪСӿóۣСǷ纮壬ȲˣؽϷΪһҩںС
Ⱦʹ򡣡
˽ҩǮʱȡһö䣬ҩͯ˼ӣһСǣЩɹˣ
˹ˡ
ҩͯδ˵꣬ǰλϴĻСĲҩ辫˲ЩǮ
Ⱦûж룬ּ½һ
ϴ˵ǰö䣺Щʱա
ȾſεСӳš
µľٷСӻɽֱȵ컹ҪѣҺһҿջȾְһϵȵĿͷСÿճʳͼõҩ뷿С
תѹСӵĲʼղתһձһոء
ȥҩȡҩȾӺɰȡΪļͭ壬ɽ΢üص˿Ϊõģ
Ⱦͷ
ɽͬ̾˿ϷҲսκãֻǡ
Ⱦæ׷ʣֻʲô
ֻõĲθǴҲΣǧ˲Ϊҩһ
ǧ˲Σ
ΪβЩ˵Ⱦ˿ͷȡһֻǧ˲ȡΪҽΡ
ǧ˲οɼֵƣСȷõóǮ
Ⱦסˡ
ûԭ˲λҪǮ
ҧס´Ⱦ롣
߻ؿջδݣ¥ݿڱдС˺ѷεĿ
Ⱦվǰͣ˰̡
ֻСӶشӴ˱ˮؽǿˡ
δ䣬һˤȥ
Сӡ
ȾŶ룬ڵϵС˫ĿգôҲвѡ
ǿջСæҩ̵Ĵеջ
ɽϴΪСӰҡҡͷѲҩʯ飬ǡ
ȥǮȾĻͷ򾡿ΪҽΣһҪǧ˲ҩԽԽá
ҩ뿪ŮĴҴңֱֵֶĵ̡
Ⱦȡֻ˫־ٵ̨ĵ̻ǰܵǮ
һ㶣ӴӺζ
Ⱦۣҵķǰȥһٰġ
ƣ̫أͷСӵȵȣȥƹд
ãͷЩ
̵ƹĴҴңñȶȾлҪ죬˫ֽӹһ϶Ц˵Сӣġ
š
ȾӬ
ӴСӣȹ֮ǽļۡƹôõ
Ⱦ۽޲˲ֹ˲ҽ󣬴ȥ򡣡
ƹȻ򣺡ԭˣţ͸ȡǮ֪Сǻ
ȾԴãȻʲô
ƹЦͬͣ˼壬ǽﵱ֮ǮԽȥһֽǮһֽӾҲˡ
ĩˣֲǵ̳ȻҲҪЩ
Ⱦڰ׷ͫѶ
ͤ׵
С²ΣΪԼԥ
Ⱦҧס⣬ɲ̨ƹִСӣ
ŮᣬԼڰ㣬ľդֻƵƹǰûٿͷƹĿȡЩǮҼҪá
.
ȾźɰǮһֱߵҩſڡ
ݼⲻҧƣȾѪζ
Ű㽫˴ҧøѪڴݼӡ
ɽϴۼƼҩſڵŮеĺɰǰһ˿ǳﵽǮˣ
Ⱦγѣš
żŵǮ͹ȥЩɹһֻǧ˲Σ
ϴӹǮ˵ࣺ˹ˣԵƬ̣ͽȥȡ
תԸһĥҩҩͯȥλҪǧ˲ȡ
Сҩͯһ٣ֹʦ
ȥϴɨһۣĥĥʲôҪǵ˲飬𣿡
Сҩͯû˵ʲôеҩ룬Ժȡҩҩȥˡ
ֻǧ˲õüʱҩСӵĲ𽥺תϵɫҲź
һйϴֺǺǵЦԶȾ챣ӣ˵÷׻ǴãֻؼЩʱվͺá
ʹ򡣡
ȾмѣҩԪҩҩСһɽϵľݡ
˵СһȾɲ̫ۣÿնˮ
һϸƤⲻĥĺͼͷнϣ˳ˮݡ
СճԹ緹ҪΪĨЩҩ
ȾۣںôǵģһĻãѵҾã
վǽϵĹϱ¨ȥɽתתһʲôҰҰ
ȾԳš
ͨɽ·Сأᳵ·й͵·ǵһ
Ǹ죬ּȸ֦ķ϶©˿ů
ȾڿҶ̻ɽ·ϣȻǰͷɽ䣬ƺ
ԭվƬ̣ȷԼû󣬱첽ѭȥŷǴӶ͵ɽ´ûˣ
Ⱦͷ̽ȥľһӰ
ɤӣ˫Χڴߣʲô£
ûϵ˻ӦԷϲ⣺ܲͷæЩ´ȳȥ
Ⱦ³Ǳɽ¼䣬ϲ½˲á
ܻɽҰ룬СӣһʱҲҲˡ
ȾͻȻ뵽˸⡣
ɽ¼ȵţԼȴûˣȡ±ϵ¨ȡͷԭҰõĴ
һͷɽᣬȥɽӵõ
ͷһء
ԼĪʮεĳ֮䵽ԷϣȾֽԼһͷڴ׳֦ϣᡣ
ɽµ˽
۵·ߺð࡭лԭ㣿
ȾҲϳԷ˭ԭҩǸҩͯ
ֻı¨иָĲҩΪ˲ɲҩŻ᲻¼䡣
㻹ðɣȾʵҪҵȥһˮЪϢ
ҩͯͻȻĬ
ıܸӣнٺңҲимΣһ£Ӧ


78 
Ǹ̫졣
¶ʮ, ҼһؼԲСϱǶв, ɨ⣬׼ꡣ
ҩ̵ϴںԺһΣͷɹ̫
СɽҲһһȻüˡҽ꣬òԩͷֻݺһʣҲԹꡣ
ˣ, ˡ
ձ۲̣ǰͷҩڵŰ屻졣
ٽƣѵϴһЦҲ֪˭ҵ˲Īв·ˣ
˼ˣһ, ֱߵĴִɲǳһ, վ, ߵǰҩ, š
˭֪Ⲣǲˣһűŭ
Ůڰ׷ͫУڵĻ⣺ƭ, Ǯ
ϴһ, װƣ˵ʲôǰѾϷҽãĪֳʲô, ᣿
˵׼, װģ, Ⱦɱ˵㻹ѣõõķ纮ԭأǻ֮ҩ͸úˣôֻΪڲƭҵǮ
ҡЩǮͤĽ䣬׵ġ
ҩͯе֪Լƭ󣬶ȾֻͷһΣҲ룬ֱɽ¶ƭҪһ˵
Ůһַֻſָ׸ʱס
ϴװͿС˵ҪƾģϷΪκã֪˶ôУͳƭˣ
Ⱦûϵ޳ǵϣҪȸ״
Ӽ˻ҧˣȾ㻹ϣ
˵գ˵ſڵϴ򣬴ӷ϶䴳ҩֱ̣Ժȥ
ĺԺɹŸָĲҩԼպ߲ˡ
ȾĿɨһȦľϵᣬ첽߹ȥͷһɹøɰͰ͵ܲɣתͷ׷ϴ򣺡νֵƵǧ˲Σ
ϴɫһ
ܿ죬ɤӣ˵Цˣܲ˲ΣϷǷֵģǿؼ׼ҹҪڴ˺֡
ʱȻװԴǡ
Ⱦδ޳֮ˡ
Լµݼˣ͸ñ٣
һԼ侲˼֣ܲðǧ˲ΣΥҽ£ٰ
˶٣֮Ǯҡ
ǮɽʱȲסˡ
Ժ֪ѧͽʲô콫֪ĶϷܵĴ帾ӳȥ
֪˿µϴ򣬵ѧͽһԵذԸ¡û취˭Ӿҩ̶ƣ͵ġ
ۼǱƽδй˵ȾĶȾطǾȻҡ
ѧͽһ֪ûʲôҵģֻŸϽ鷳ߣϴǨŭԼͷϡ
ȾһһҼס첲Ժӳҩ⡣
żǼʯףȾδվȣѧͽɿ֣䣬ʯϷȦ뵹ǰʯ·ϡ
Ů̷ľײ䣬ڷɢҲմ˵ǰҩǰδеǱ
ѣ֮УȾ̧ͷϴֺϷãû뵽СﾹǸģ֪ˣ͸ǽ
㡭Ⱦһʱ벻ʲôĻɣ
ϴΪȻҪǻб±ȥ
˵գҩѧͽ״ʶʱظϣǰһűս
ֵĽַΧ˹ۣ
ҵĴҽĵ£治ⱨӦ
ꡪɲҺ˵СŲϵģǻ֪ҵֶŮ̫ǸҲûá


79 
Ⱦӽַ, ƴճϴôŵԭ򡪡ԭпɽ
ֲá
ЩʱգȾҲ𽥶úΪٶ, ͬϾֻ·ὫԼ۽ȥ
ǡƭߵЩǮͤ׵䵱ġ
ԼͤѶҲӦϡͿ̣˽˵
Ůǰսţҧ´
ĴۣõͷҲ֪Լӳʱʯ·ϵɳơ
ǿ׶ĵ⣬Ŀ֮±۵߳, վȥĴҩ̵ţ
ǮûҽµĴ򣬹´ҩ˵Ȼܲðǧ˲, ûĵƭ, ҲⱨӦ
, ǰŶȻ򿪡
תۼһˮ˳, ˮӭһ, Ⱦܳ
ɽſ, ʵعӴ˻ûأ
ЦҪٲߣС꿪, ҿɾҪˡ
ߵڰף
㡭
Ⱦһſ, , ÷
Ůʱܹί²غۿ
ֽճȭָģȾһ˿侲ԲĵҪα粵ȥ
ҿģҺαֵ㲻ÿ
һͺϽֲµľ档
ˣϵ̵ƹ
ǰվȾԣԭСӣôŪ
ҡ
Ⱦտڣ뵽һһͷģ˴
ƹƳķЦЦŤͷͬϴ֪Сǵ̵Ĵˣ䲻֪˽Ϊף֪ɷСһ棬һ
˵ֺɽɫ˲١
ټ飬ϴ뽫Ⱦߣ˳¿Ȼʶ߱ǣʡҵ
ƹӦǣȰȾСѶʪ͸ˣվڷҪȥС˵ĵϿůЩʲôҲ١
һѣȾŲˮ³ģֽű䡣
ԲԸߣҵǮ
ƹϴǰڣмֵζСӻҪ˷纮Ǯ֣ʲôã
˵ò޵ȾвʣϵĺòǾ߶ƹ񡣡
.
̵ĺԺƹһСסլԺ
ƹԼҷ˸ȾɾѣŮϿůͺ÷л¡
Ⱦûϵλֻһ֮Եƹ񣬾ġ
ΪԼǰС֮ĸеƹͷˡ
СӺαƹæϷиѳ޵ŮһģίԶ޵ŮҲ֪Ρ
Ⱦɫмֶݣԭˡ
ƹִСӻȽɾѻϣʲô˵
ŮУԭɫ㲻Ϻõƹ޿̣סĶ䣬ᵽԺһֲʵ
ʲôʱ˸Զ޵ŮʵĪǿмɫıӵ뽫˺ƭɽɣ
ۡ޹ϵƹ۵죬ҽ͡
յŮ˶ߣСͬ˵ʲô
ƹ˲ɫ䣺ģ
ǻм٣ǧңƳԾٰͷյţֻ¾ͿҪ
.
ȾϺʵ£߳ʱƹЦѾ˽Сҵžǡ
Ůлǰ񷿡
˻ȾڲԺȽͷĺ㣬
Сˡ
ȾҪȥӭӣƹȴһСţȥ
ţܿ콫СҲ
СһŶȾ˹֣û°ɣûô
ȾҡͷǿЦû¡
ǲʱҲԹһСӴ˿̺ۿҲãԭֻǸСȴý㱻ƭ۽ȥôǮ
СҲ֪˷¡
ĳȾƽסοֻҪû¾ͺãǮûˣǻԵķӡ
ɽ㵱ȥӡ
ȾĬΣŹνֻһֻˣҪġ
˵뿪ǰСţԼ͵ҵæµƹ
һƹæͣ²֣֪Сӿʲô£
ǰһö֪ɲԡȾʵ
ƹشּҴҵ֪ǰµǲأһԵĺö
СĪƹЦŵϷİһأֻ⵱̻бĶңҪ˹أܵͬ
ǲ֪ƹʱ
⡭¶ҲڣҪղܹСһؼҵţĹ˵
ܹɿڣȾϲ⣬ͷãҵţƹ񡣡
.
侭ôķ粨Ҫġ
صɽϵľݣȾԼϢ󣬱Сһ׼ҹ
ɱ׶ִֻȾͽСԼջ׼ʳģȥժ˻ϴ
æȾƽͷسԼҹ
мѼ죬嵭ɿڵĳˣһСĻƾƺƤ
˶ȾСԶ
ڲ˺󣬶ȾСǰͷʢƵĴ˫룺ⱭƣҾģΪǵڹӵ¾һðմҳҡ
αؿСӱ˵ߺĿİӦǡҲлл㣬㣬ֻڻʹ¶
յһС
һ綹ֽϸ˵Ρ
¯ܰӯŷ˵
ҹĻµؼ䣬֪ʱѸһ㱡ѩ
һƬ覵ѩȻ£ɫ֮ϡ
ͣ½ŲվԺʱϣڹαԵ֮⣬עеһһ
ͤŮ˵䣬ʱʱЦ
ǵЦԼжûˣһ££ǰꣿ
ԼǺܾˣõЩİ
ҹɫеһ·ˣĳʶ˼Уԭƽ
ϢãֱͷЦЪȾȷţʰҲ٣Ǿ㷹ȷűȥ
ˣϵĵ̣˴ˡ
ŮǡҲ޷ȥȡʱҲ磬ʰϴҲů͡
ϴ󣬶Ⱦţϴˮóȥ
ףԭҹѩˡ
վǰ̧֣ܵһƬѩ䵽ġ
ʱȾԼãԺʲôֱضԼ
ƾֱȥȴֻܿһƬڣڰΣյϢ
ڣҰҲö˲ŶԣȾƫͷϸ΢Ĺ⣬尵ʲô
ﴫСӵĴߴ٣Щݣ
ˡȾɲǻٶ룬۷բš
ľ֨ѽϣԺҹɫе겢δ


80 
Ϩ˵, ŮƿȥĶȾﻹдʣɽ, һҪǵýڴˣһ
ͤվԭأ˵Ӧ˯ȥ
ͷһ㱡ѩ
ԻڣӣҪ¡
ءͤϵꡣ
ֻ½ҹ˯㰲ȵʱ̡
ͤ۵׹һĨԳת, ɫľݶɽȥ
Уһ꣬Թ񣺡ӡ
ͤףۣڵϵˡ
곤λѶ翷ɸ, ǰҽƭɽϴ
ӡ
ǽҹ, ǵƹͷ굽ҽ, ɽҲû뵽, Լǰˣǵ
Ѱգ˭֪λӰѳ, һҲΪ, ȻϹۣƭͷϡ
һ뵽, ͤ, ɽؿͷϴˡ, ˡС۲ʶ̩ɽ֪ô
ͷ¾ͱƣ˴ʹͤͣϴ㲻ͣΨһϢǰްӾܶ
ͤϾؿٵǲ֪δ֮У
һɽĺƱĵûУССʮ˵ųԷܲðǧ˲ΣڲڲƭǮӿˡ
ԭˡɤƮƮشͷȻϲһǡ
û뵽Ӿϵغ˵ɽŽɵ̧ͷ
ֻͤһ̧֣ӻ⣬ʳһֳִĽӡ
ɽ˫۶Ƕ
عϲߵݣʴȿһһƣС϶ӽضĹ£Ҳ᷸
δ˵꣬˴סʹŴ죬˫˵
ǶӷŹ⣬Ӳ
ıɽƴȻЩĶ֡
תۼ䣬ѱȽǶ븹С
Ż
ɲģһϢ֮ʣ뽫³
üԶЩ徲
ǡ
һ㣬ϴߡ
ڵϱֻʣһˡ
ӡ
ʶʦĲ״ҩͯصʹͷ­
ʲôͤͷҵҸŶԡ
ݹһذףҩֻͯʱæʹͣһ𣬵Լȥȡ
ҩͯһͤĻ֮⡣
㶿ĵ⣬˿
ǰ֮ƺʧȥԣٴνذ
ҩͯһ飬ӹذף񡭡ˡ
ͤջ֣˫ָ󣺡ȥɡ
ҩͯսذףվϴߵķȥ
.
Ⱦһ˯ʱɫȻ
ֻʲôѹԼ߼硣
ͷһԭ˯ͷСӡҹƣվȻҲˣҼԼ˯
С߰˯࣬ȾûסһЦ
СӱЦѣԺۣյѵ硣
ﻹ磿ֻ¶ˡȾնȡЦó٣û뵽Ҳн졣
ԣСڵطȥˮϴ
ڹɵϰߣȾҲסֻȥ
˭֪һ룬СӵʧУе䵽ϡ
ȾЦɢôˣ
һĳţûСӵĻ
Ⱦͷһ˿ԤУҹԼǰԺڰ޿ŵĿ⡣
ҰҲδء
ûгɣ´첽ܵһͷȡ¹ǽϵĹϣס߳š
ⲢҰǣϤȴҲˡ
ͤڷѩС
֪ΪΣŮеĹɫ԰׵Щδѧ˲ٶ
Ⱦ򴽣򱻻ýסСӡսĵĹ˶׼꣺ͤ˷ſ
ֱͤιǲڣĸ񣿡
Ⱦûд𻰣ֻȻϵļһԼƽ
ȾͷʼšͤǺʱģĪҹڰ˱
˼֮Уּһһȥ
Ů⧲ͫףֻ֧ͤĿֱȥ
ʯ䣬ֽ̧ס֧ǰļ
ҺáȾ˿ͤȴżǰ
֣׼ȷսŮ󣬽뻳Уüվʧ˼׼ͷ
һδϣһζ׼ȴǲԶСӡ
ͤȾ֣³Ҫʲôſҡ
ͤѸŮϵҪ֧սʱɿ򡭡Ǵɿҿɲұ֤ᷢʲô
ȾҧѴнӹ˼
ͤ޳ֱָ֮ϣ
ҷһ
ȾҡͷҪͤ㡭
СľˣҪõѣõĴڣôԼ³£
š
ֱұҲ޷س
ȾڻС
ͤ˶٣
Ⱦ˵ʲôУͤ㲻
һ
ҴˣĴŹòã㡭
ͤɤ𣺡֡
Ⱦһ뵽ͤвĻаֳɣɿ֡
ʸŮǿۣУ˲СӵնԺǿŻϡ
ȾƱгžһ䵽ϡ
ͤգƾñطǣƺ޲ܽʳ븹ԭ⻹ǵãķ


81 
ɽɽ, һ·ϽнأȾ˳, ҲٷߵĿܡ
ᱧͤŲɺܿ죬ִʼûдӶȾ뿪ʧ㣬ͣƬϢֱͣɽµ֮С
󱳵ųڣȶȾͤס°ͣĿ
Ϊ˷ֹϳȾÿն̼ҽϾĨڡ
ŮһǺڵ, Ψ˫۷
ͤǲһĨЦӲ˿ʱ˵Цѹȥ
ȡһ˹ΪŮա
˭֪̼ҲôײɾԽĨԽ㡣
ͤϸһ㺮⣬ԸĻˮ
߹ˮ, ϱ, , ͤںָ
δĶȾ, ں֪һرͤԼӡ
ڻҲŮԭչ¶
۵ļ, Լһ˫ͨ, ˮʪĽë
ʲô
ͤڻһ, ͷ, Լķ, Ӧø˲Ŷ𣿡
䣬ı˳۹

ȾмܣֻǱǰκһأҵò񻰡
˵ǣǾеĹޣƴҪȡһ˿ů
ǴཻԶԶͤŪŮӦеƷϢ

ͤһݼĴ꣬Ѫڡ
Ⱦܵü˫ֵסļ硣
Ȼⳡ֧ͤıûء
ֻܵسͤй׽סʮָۣ
һµļ꣬۵⧲Ʒī飬ȾƷеһҶֻЮŪ
ƽЪһʲ˳ĳָȾ䡣
ŮһƳ̣Ϥؾʽ
ɲǼ䣬˳伡ӶϣֱȾĿڡ
ͤŮ𽥱׵ɫϲ𣿡
Դ𣺡ҲǣаϲýصĴ㶼ûС
˵ڿԵ¡
ȾҿۡöΪ˸Сβѵ䵱̡
ǰֵƹЦùȾһͤΪλѰԼ
㡭
˶٣ǰ뿪գ굹ѪеΡ
ָģȾԵ˿õһжԼ⣬С޹أ
Ϊλ롣ŮķӦͤ⣬շôãΪл
ͤĻȾҲţҪ
ǾҪжˡ
Ⱦ͵̧ͷͤ㡪
ײźϾϣ˪粽õȻ
Ⱦ˸
һףǰͤѲǴǰǸԼˡ
ҧҧãҶġ
ͤǹһ˿ȣָ̧֣⽫ŮϷ˿󣺡ԡ


82 
ҹ, վ
᷿֮У˿΢΢ˮ
ȾԼԡͰ, ˰ʱ
ƽδйʱ̣޲ͷڹԡͰٲó
κһԵѩҶߴ٣ϴˮˣū澷Ӳ
СδѩҶѩƺֽ٣ɣȾԡͰ£ͭ¯
ʼ, ûж˵֣ľͷɵİ
źܱ粻ͤá
ȻȾڴȣѩҶֿڣϢæ깫
Ⱦͷ˿ұơ
ǹһ˿ԳЦʱ, ȻܷͤŹԼ
Ůͷ, һҹ, ڹٵԵվȴһ, Ѱ˼ҵ
³˯Ⱦ벻ʲô¿
ѩҶӹ¯Ⱦͷĺ, ɽ˱
ǰܵ, ֳյԭŵ, ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˯ж, ˯εеĶȾԼһ߲ס
͵, ײһ˫С
ڴϣȾֿͣڰС
ҲһɲͤŮһĻҺͽ䱸
ͤٷᶯ˼ɵָĦգǳϦĹأұøһ񡣡
ƽı飬ͺʲô
Ⱦҧסݱ⣬֪λӦ
ҶͤҲںķӦųֻһ·ϸϵü׼ֻб㻨ȥö䡪
ĻȾһ졣
ͤǽڷָ䣬һֻϸϸĽͷżС
ȾȻ׹ǰԼóȥö䣬䵽ͤϣֱڳ

ͤƿӣ˹סŮȹϸĽףĪҪٽŪ򡭡
˲в˵Īǵ黰
˵䣬׺Ľϵڽ״ż˿˿⡣
Ⱦɪ£ʱ졣
˵ʲôͤѩ׵ĽףظŮ۵Ľű
ָͤ䣬µȴǰȣȾ̵ͬҪս˽ס
ϸŽűһϡ
Ů±رۡ
һ̶죬ʲôȻը
Ⱦ䲻ۡ
ͤͣʲôҹⲻűڣ̻ר̷Ÿ㿴
˵ţŮᱧߵϣƿ˴
վĶ¥ӴȥܿǰԺըݵһ´졣
ֹǱ񣬻иֿʽ̻Ǳȼ֮󣬼Ժ
ȻȾͣҲòϣȷʤա
һѩΪѩıѩԣҲŮǲµĴա
ͤĿʼû䵽⡣
ʵ̻ӳеޣðߵҹֻޱΪ˼Թ޵ĶҩȻһڳױ
ͤʲôȾס
֪Լ޷ܣֻҡͷ󣺡Ҫ
ⲻصġͤҧסĶû˻ῴü
̻ըѩһصĺ죬Ⱦ͵սɲǼѰʧͤС
ⱬڶԵһϢ
ֻŮ׼Ľ壬ʱγʱ죬ҹЪ

ȾǵҹĻƾǺʱֻдʱԼͤҹԣҪЩʱʧȥģӱֻ
ۣŴʾþûж
ֱűƿϤĽŲǰͤˣù˯Ҳ١
ȾûӦ˵һ£Ӧң˺СӣܸҼһ档
бͲ۵׵⣬ȴȥں̸
Ⱦ򴽣ʶԼⷬҲԣûκ̸ܹͤеĳ롣
ͤѣĪҪǣĪ˵һСѾߣμңĸҲģܹʲô̸
֮Уͤͷֱ˵вԼ
Ⱦҧҧ̧סͤ䣬ͷĪҪⲻ˵
ͤһ㶡
˫ڰ׷ӣ˿ѱǣǰ㿴
ͤһţս
ʶҪ⣬ȴ˴ֻסŮ˫󣬽ϡ
ʧȥ̻ڸǣϸ࣬и
ͤԼȴȾۣס߳ܡ
ͤȴģ⣬ҡ
մʪ۽޲ΡΡһ˫׵
ͤһһ䣺ҷ

ҵ֡
ͤ
ҵı֡
顣
ԣġ
һнԼƿ֮Уȴʧص״̬
ͤûɵĿͽ꣬ȴֲ֪·ںδֻܸȫͶ롣
Ⱦ۸úˣʶغһ顭ͤ
ͤסѱǵú׵Ĵ
.
ٰѰɽСݣʮʱ
سЪЪȴķա
ԶȾԣʱʱ̣̿ꡪͤż£ҲŪ
ѩһ֪ߣƴҪΨһϣȡһ˿ůԷüϢ
ν࣬ǲҪȾȥ
ǿţŮҲֻСġ
ƫͤٲƴǰǰ˵ǵٰοҧĶ飺ҪСЩĪͷ
ʱҲͣǹŵЦ⣬޹ˣټ
ڵ˵ִٰǰһ̣ͤ÷Ů£ס޵ĺۡ
һ·ϲżǸСŮ𣬳ȥɣͷ㡣
һ˿ӵãȾ覶룬ֻСӰΣҲ
һͷСӴŮѣԡ
Ⱦ˿Сӡ
˭֪ڳԵһǵûӦͨڵأū澼
ȾüСӡ
Сӵʹͷ֪кηԸ
ȾסСӵļ磬ʹò̧ͷ
Ŀԣʧȥâ˫ﻹսʱĻ飿
Ⱦ㲻ҵŮҵСӣĽ㰡Сӣһ㡣
СӲشū澸ĸвֵãŹū澣ҪΪū澡
ϲãֻǲ
Ⱦɿ֣㶺˰벽ͤС
ȾȻ׹תͤ㡭
Ҷʲô
ͤЦˣס㿴Ҳ˽͵ٸһҹ̣֮ת˶⡣
˵ţͤͷŮѴ⣬ң˭ܻᱳ㡣
ֻԼΪҪ
Ӻָ⣬һ̶Ⱦ޿̣ͤǸӡ
ͤɫϲٶҲ޷


83 
Ⱦס˻ʹ
˵ס, ˵ͤ
ڵЩʱͤظʱٵÿ, ҹæֵµĹʶȤ鷿޵ʰ࣬齡
ȾΪȻһס
ľűһϣŮС
Ҳ߹ȥŴ򿪣Ĺ˱һأ򲻿ɡ
Եģͤˡ
Ю, ֮½ƿ֮УȾ˹Թѡ
ең٣ԵܲȤơ
ż, Ҳ߳޵
Ʃҹ, Ⱦڵеԡ, ˶߹, 鷿ūźѹȥ
Ⱦ΢΢һ
ŮҧӸһ˿ײĺΣ֪ˡ
ŮӲɾ, ɴȹ, ΪŮһѩ׵ãŵƽ鷿ſڣȥɡ
Ⱦһ, ż
ͬһ, ŵؽŹؽ, ͤɤ⣬
Ⱦһֻľżһһ߹ȥ
ֻԣͤںľϣǰϣһѵø߸ߵۡ
߹ͤжʲôͷۣæһգƣúܣͷɺã
УԼмĿǣ
ǡ
Ⱦһһۡ
̧֣˫ָͤüĶͷ
ŮָĶᣬɴ޵ĵѬ㡣
ͤüͷȴûչ
޳ָϣʳָһûһߵ棬ֱߣһۡ
詡ͤس֪дʲô
Ⱦһ
͵һۣǸ׵ּ
ȾһᵽɤۣȴҲֻǿаŲ˹£ⲻ֪
ͤЦĸףòСġ
ȾĬ²ʲô
㿴תˡͤڣ˵ǹٻ˼ŮУһ㣬꽥߲۳Ͷǰٰҷһʱա
Ⱦ۽޲˲
֪ǴӺε֪Լµľ뿪ͤһӣڴۡ
æڣĶȥֻڷԡ
ͤս
֪ŮԼίߣ̲סѯʣ˻棿
ǧȷȾⲻѡ
δ䣬ֻֻȾͤǰ
޳ָᳵ·һŮϵϢأܲͷؾ£ȾԲܿƵɪ¡
һֻҪѷҪˣȴѱͤ
¿ˣһζֵıɴ֮£˼ѩף͸ŵķ⣬Լҹȥĺۡ
ͤͷ΢ԼϣȻˣǾһһ⣬Իؾ
̧֣ӱʼϸ֧ݵŮֱߡ
Ⱦ򴽣ӹʼպī䵽ֽϡ
鷿кֻܰʼĦֽɳɳ
ܿ죬ԵŮѩ׽׼ϵ졣
Ⱦӵĵۻ죬ָս
Ϊͣʣ
֪ͤʡ
ǰصľ飬ȾͷҲ޼£ҡҡͷҿڣԼᷢ߳ܵ
дǡ
̧֣ͤڳݼһƷ˿.Һ͸ķ˿ʪָͤƣָ䣬ҹΪ⡣


ʱ֣ڹĺèǽͷ˸Ѱ˸ʵĽǶҪ£ȴ֪Ӻδ
һһŮ
èĵۣϢèԴ̽ȥ
ڣӰڵĴ鷿
ӸߴȥŵӰ˴ź·Ǵһ˴зġ
ʲôͷÿҧһ£ӱһ£ȹµŮͷ糺β黬䡭
èǰ߹ԼеĻӻŮҪѧҵҪûãͻܵʦĳͷ
ӣӦ˺ܶࡣС
.
ȾԺ֮УԼһèС
ۣ߶ͷһ˫ۡ
ȻһֻèηӦ⧲ŵСèһɵŴߡ
Ⱦ´ϵʹ
£ܵ䵭Ѫζ
ͤҹģ޲뽫ˡտʼʱԼηӣǱ۸öˣȾȻ˿ɳܵķӦ
ڱвԼֱ⴫Ųһߵǰˣ
Ⱦ˶عͷš
ӱ֣ס䣺˵԰÷ˡҡȥ
ӽ֮󣬶ȾǱ޵鷿֮УͷûаֽӴ
֪ļֺãͤⰵ˰á


84 
԰, Ǹɫ÷ŵʱڣ÷, ÷÷㸡Ƣ
Ⱦż⣬Žǰ÷֦˿ڻ֦ϵϸѩȥ¶۵Ļ
Ǽ£档
Ů𴽽ǡ
ŵͤมһ˿ůɫ
ǰס޹ǵ󣺡ϲ, պҵÿգͶߡ
Ⱦ֪뵽ʲôƽôæ
ҧҧż㲻ڵʱܲԼһ䣿
ͤ˿Цɢûг
Ⱦ׳ŵ, ̧ͷ, ڰ׷ӿ꣺
̧ͤ, ˹ú£
, ѻڳסسԸӽҪ, ҡ
һڹæӦǡ
Ⱦ˿, üչ
.
ͤ׼Ⱦڿ߳š
Ȼֻڹ, ܱﱻҪǿ
ͷֻ԰˹, û, ձ㳯ʹȥ
ĽŲߵúй䣬ʵԼ㡣
˭֪Ҫ߽ǰĹѩҶסǰͷߡ
𣿡ȾΪβߣ
ǰͷ乬ūȥ»ᱻЩӾŵѩҶذɡ
䲻ƽ
Ⱦ˵ϣԼûнȥĿܡ
תظǰ̧ͷһ۹ǽ
Ҳ֪ԹΡ
ԼСӴ԰İ빬һ·Թȴû뿪乬Уֱ֪ͤϢɻᰵԼûϢĿġ
Ⱦͷĥţһߡ
һӭһԴɤι
Ⱦ̧ͷϳǰ۵꣺ӣ
ǱףιﰲȻĳ㰲ˡ
ȾУǱ°ߵġ
ͷͷӹ
Ůбûж̸ཻǱ˰벽ǽϣöȾС
ȾҪǰ߹̲סͣ½Ųӡм£鷳⡣
ιﵫ޷
ԶȾͷǱмεĹϵû鷳ֻʵѰ˰æ
乬λѣȻʵĹˣԡ
䣬Ǳڣι˵ģȥ򲡴Թˣ
Ⱦɫ৵رףʲô
ѩҶسѣûȥˣ˳Ҫ
ȾţŷǱ˷ŵĻʲô˼
ȥ£乬Թ򲡴ɥ¡Ǳְ񲿣¡
᲻ŪˡȾԴһ˿ң乬Թˡ
Ǳҡͷ֪ȻʵУֻһλԵĹˣ΢˽ʱʶ
ȾԺһѣΣӻ˻Ρ
ǱæȥԹ˷ס̧ڰеһͺջȥڹеʵιɻá
һ䳹ǵɤشϷǱĻµӣͷ˹ġ
ͤӹľͷ߹סŮ󣬶ǵ£ãôôԶ
ȾûпҪĵֻ֣ȴͤյø
ǱߴӶȾͤƺ̫ӡ
ٵˣҵȻչˣͷ˷ġ
ŵķΧУȾǿһһ˿ǣԸٽǱǣУ˷Ųǻ˵Ҫæ߰ɣõˡ
ͤˣ롪
ǱĬĬվǿڣȻˣ߰벽

ǱԶȾͤǣ˫֣ô
Ⱦڷû̧ͷ
¯ûдϣˡ
ͤȾ͵̧ͷ乬λԹɱˣǲǣ
һųţԭΪ¡
ǡ
ͤ´ǣûжı⡣
ȾƱܿƵǰȥ
ּͤۿطס
ͤŮؿУҧһһ俪ڣҴڵ£Ǽ㡣
ͤͫ⧲һ
һ룬ȾֻսǺ޲ýһ塣
𣿡ͤĴĶϣ޸˭ǷǱֳ
ȾŲ˵ֻͤ˳ƽǽϧֳŮǼ޲ˣǾֻܼ޷Ǳˡ
˵Ū٣ȷӦͤ˵ţҲ޷Ǽˣɱ˷Ǳҵӡ
ȾûϵоԼ֪顣
ڣͤ򢣬ǹ

գ֦ϻѩɹչ¶ݣȴ͡
һֻԲĲݺųͣڴϣĺۣͷ͵пе͵ʳ
塪
У϶Ĵ졣
СݺֻӰһ·ߡ
Ⱦڴ֮䣬ȫȻƲݺǰɡ
Ůѩ䣬һ񸿽˫ѲãΨн״ĵŪ졣
̧֣ͤӴǰĴȡһɹޣ֪ʲô
Ⱦǰһ籸ǣһƬڣȻҲԸشֻĬҧ´
ͤҲգ򿪴ɸǣָṴŪɹճݵŮߣⳢһ֪ˡ
Ⱦܡ
ָͤĴ꣺Ⳣգϲġ
˵ţָɷ˵˿ĳݹء
⴫һ˿⣬ڳݼ仯۵ζ
ָͤ˹нŪǹۡ
ɻǵֲָĹ˵ģܿͿֻۡ껨ʱ˲ڡ
ͤɤͣΣ.ָ˿ŮϣⳢˣɺã

޵̼𣬹۵ڼµɽжȾֹסɪ
ģָͤ⡣
һûıִֵֻ֪Ÿ¡
Ӱڣִҹ쵽
ͤݼǹ۵㣬ɫм㣬۵ȴڲ׵Ԩ
ḧŮĺ󱳣ЪϢȳæˣ㡣
ȾѱڵüһϢ۰׵Сϻۡ
ͤһ˿̬ĿСŮûΣɵͷվģҲֻġ
⣬һֻȸɵԶֻҪԼս֣ҲѲá
Ǻ½ֻ۵ˣͤ޲ܽյýЩٽһЩ
.
ȾǿʹӴ
⣬дæǰź򣺡ū澷¡
ϤȾһ
ʱ񹳹Сӵü˳ۣ봩¡
ŴƵĶȾʶ¡
ԵĹпɺӦԣΨõСź֮߳жʱǵϯ
ȾǵãСǲ׿λá
ɽȴԼҲֻͤķԸ
ͤȻǹģҪǰľż˰Сʱʱ̿ԼӲģҲӡ


85 
鷿
̽¯ݳ̴, б
ӡŵĽ
ͤĿ, û̧ۣ
תȥ󣬴һȵĽŲ
ͤʥ٣ٹٲֹθߵͣʥӦй񣬷Ǳǲ⡣
°ڣֱͦǰ΢ӡ
ͤطҲΪλᴫ㡣
µûдΪ˳ʹһ¡
ͤף˲Ⱥ, ־ͨūϰٹʹٺʲ
ضʹ
ͤʾ˴˴ǰ޷ǰ, Ӧ㵽ֹ
ǡ
Ǳ˼ūпɺ, ϥλӽսҰĲҰ½, ˭̳˿ɺλ, ±߽춯
ͤŻ˳ʹūǰϸ
Ȼжͤ¼ɣǱò, ޹޹Ȼʺͻӹ޵ʥ, ڳµҪöࡣ
ͤºŽҪ뿪鷿, Ǳûסڣһ, ʸ
꿴˵޷
ǰ, Թһ£ʱԹ򲡴ɵȳص񲿣˴֪ԹʱϾнˣ֪ӿ֪
ٵӲ˾䣬Ϊ˾ר̴
ͤĿ⿴ǳһĨЦ⣬ˣġ
ɲǼ䣬鷿еůⰻȻ㡣
ǱãȻóģֻǾƺأ֣ҪЩ
Ŀԣͤ
ɫӺϣݱ֪ʮƺûгɻ飿
ָǱȻóв֮ˡ
ȻûУǲ˳ʹ´ʥڹ磬ٰδ޵ĹŮΪѡΣ
Ǳ΢΢üͷӹգ²޴⡣
ǲ޴⣬ⲻڴˣͤΪȻʱ̵˵ӣʵǾΪ
ʣͤ˵ʵЩΥ͡
ǱĳЩ¡ȻһʥּȢμСˣǸԼ
ĻʱǱɲǵǰ꽲ʲô֮磬ר»
ཀྵ֮ʣ̫첽ӣеĹ
£
˵ǡСźŻ²ֹ޵ȥ¶ˡ
̫ҽ
ˣֻ̫ԥŵӻȥĺá
ϣҪԻΪأͤɨ˷Ǳһۣ󲽳ڵĹȥ
.
޵֮Уսս̫ҽأֱӵ˿
ͤտżƼȽ´СڻУ˫Ѫ죬һͷ̵ĸʨӣǶ˭Ҳҵĺӡ
д̶ͤɨһۣѯʹǰͷ̫ҽԺԺףΪβС¿
Ժײ˲ͷĺ¹ٲ
δ䣬ѴĻǣĺӣǿ˭֪ǲǻʺˣҪҵĺӡ
״񣬳޵Ŀ⿴ÿһˡ
еĺӿ޵ø
ۣͤκӳһöƸ̣̳һˣٵֳ
ӵæƳȥִ
յϢؾҩ䣬æ˹
Լҵܵβȫվǰؾ˿
ٿеŮӣ¶죺ǡ
ͤĻеСƺòᣬͷֳ
Ҳסˡ׸ڽ󣬵ȻҲǵλ˴ƵĴӡ
ԥ󣬰ȽеС½ؾϡ
ؾһóۣ֮Сµ֢״Ӧǻʳ԰֮Ӧõöࡣ
Ⱦδ棿
ţֻϰգļЧ󼴿ɡ
õ۽ǵᣬлæŤͷѵ⹬ˣʲôִ˲ˮ
æòɿΨͤ⣬һĻ
ؿСһۣתš

ѩڣ֦ѿ
Ⱦִָӣ㶿԰нδĴĽŲҲ
ֱͤߵԣ¡
Ȧסϸ󣺡ڿʲô
ûʲô
ȾջĿ⣬֪Լ޷ĻԾ鿿ͤС
ͤ۵װ˰µطԸˣ
ǡ
Сؽƿһϡ
Ⱦ֪ͤǺ⣬ֻֽۣϻİӵĻԱļ
һᣬԼ˲ֹ
ַͤŪţѡһѡϣλ⣿
Ǻ⣿
ķ֣˵Ѳκ
ͤ˶٣ָĦŮѩϸļڵȻµʮѵƸ͡
ȾˣΪʮ
ʮҲȷ˸˵׵͡
ֵͤⲻżѡ
ȾҲԣϸȶţѡʮաŮҵԵٽҲΪһ̤ٲ֮ء
ҹѡӻ񣬽ͤϡ
ڵ£Żֿѡˣ
Ⱦ˸Ƿ۵ͷ
Ҳ֪˶ã˯Ժ˰
ͤϵ㸲üģ⡣
ȾòУûг
ԭΪͤͬհЩʲô˭ֻ֪סԼ
꽫ļϣһۡ
.
ʱѲͤӰ
ȾԴϰΪۣɴ⴫O@ԼĪСˡ
Ů˱ۣüۼ両һ˿ƣ롣
ȾҲԴǵؾܾͼԼִ£˭֪Сѱ˵Լ
Ⱦ޷ֻþʹա
µк֮ǰȾȴ̽˫㣬СΪࡣ
֪ģ֮˶ƺٶۡ
Է֣ðҲûá
Ⱦ𽥲ԾСӳũа̺ۺʹּ룬һ˫֣δҲ̫ϸЩ
Īǻˣ
Ⱦ˿̧ʣ߿ȥ
ɲǼ䣬Ⱦ׹ߣѪҺ
ǰڵİӣ͵سԼĽţ˭׼ģ
ҡԷ̧ͷû뵽ʺòɷŮ
ǿź˲ʱɢһʱ֧֧ǡ
ȾԼЩ졣
ͷ˸˼Ĳ²⣬ȴ־̫ûϸȥ
˭֪Էѿڣǡġ
֣أͤ
ĪǳԴʲôҩɣ˵õĸѡѡ
ȾԺһ㱣ǿվ
ǰźӼ״Ⱦײ˷ڴյƣӦһء
ѩҶѩɻã
ȾûдֻľȻڣȥӽ
ڳᣬǡ
ȾýȥǵĽͣһ̧֣ϵĴյɺ䣺ȥ


86 
ʱ, ͤ޵⡣
ѱɨⴵź磬, ȥӡ
ͤûпĿбӵ߽С
ȾԣǱȲѼףʱţƽࡣ
ŮָʶתյűԻⲢҪһ͡
յ
ͤ߹ȥΪ裺ƽ﹫æʱ̰, һĵչ㣬Ǻܺ𣿡
棬˵Ц
Ⱦ̧ȥֻɫͬһĴƽ
ôһ˲䣬ȾΪԼ, Ĺġ
ܿ侲ôܻ, ͤ͵ǰˡ
򴽣˵չˡôչ˷
ͤа˼, , µݳŮƽ˲ˮ̸£Ҫʲôչ˶, 
ȾȻ١
Ҳ, ֡
ž
Ķ޵
ͤû˿ȵƭȥͷ
о˼Ϣ, ƫͷӦǻûù, 󡣡
˵, ˡ
Ⱦױ¼ŭĻ
ͤһһ˿Ц⣺ҹõ޵ҹȥ
Ⱦ޻˵
вյһţվ
Ȼͤߣ߱ǡ
ȻȾĽŲտ벽㱻ּۿս
ͤ˳ȦסǶ뻳УյⲻϲǲϲǾͻˣܻġ
ɤܵͣϸ»ΪΪʲôС
Ⱦһڣ֪֪ͤԼʲô
ͤȻ֪û˱ζʲô
ֻгѡģֻҪϲҲ̫⡣
⣬Ҫ
ӺƭŮѡʵ˿ʼʱ̣ͤ뽫Ǿճɻҡ
ǰѡõһ̣޲һ
ͤܡ
ռΪСӵͷ޼ƿʩʶܹúӣһֱԡ
˵ĺҲνֻҪ׹⣬ͤὫ޶ġ
ֻҪĸԸߣʲôں
ͤһԼ
һг衭ѣ
Ⱦַͤʲô裬ҲԸȥϸ룬ֻŭЦӿǴ󷽡
ˡֵȾˣ
˵ִ޴ӣֻӲͷƤվӣ
Ī¡ȾԷľִٲϵŭЦ⣬ɻŮ纷
¡һԡ
ǱáȾɽδᷢɡ
ͷͤţҪ纷
ͤͷǱʲô£ɿ֣Ŀ׷ŮıӰԸӣҽڵ
˵ţȾתڵȥ
Сؿһɫ֪鼫ȴǲظĽŲ
˭֪߳һ𣺡ҡ
ͤ͵ػعĿ纮ǰ벽ݹֱӲ档
ͣ⣬нп಻ɴܣСꡣ
æͨڵأӿˡ²⡭
ˣѵǷԸҵ𣿡ڴȾΪκö˶˵ģҪڣ
ͤߣڵɪɪӣȥ
⣬س޵
̧߽ͤڵվױǰŮִᷢ
ʲôȻⲻϲǱˡ
ϲúܡȾͷֻǵȺһʡøҴʱֱš
ͤסĴ

Ⱦ۽΢
ͤᳵ·ִļ١
ȷϣǰ֮ԼģҲԼ
Ⱦмܣֻͤǣֱ.ʱ꽫뻳Уˡ
ɤ΢΢ʣ⣬ҵĴ
Ⱦεûг
.
֮󣬶Ⱦ֮ͤ䱾ıСάŵıг顣
곡ϷֺöԸüŵĮԴͤʱ
ƾεǸȾΪ
תۼѵ£˼䡣
ô.ɫȾǽ֮УС΢ĹŮ߼䶼Ų
ΨȾÿɲ䣬飬֣塭һ׮ľͷ
һճдʱ
Ⱦ벻ʱ򣬻˭Լ
˽ŵǴǰĶ
Ϭˣ
⹬бĽ̫ãȾЩλվѣ۵˼ֹʣ콫
ѩҶȥˣȾڵźš
ʱԶԶƼһӰɲ߽ڽ£︾ϡ
ȾЦݽϡ
⹬бĽ̫ãȻˣջ̫ϣҪЮͤˣϬķ
ǰϲ޳У˿Ĺѣմȴһɫѣڷֻһ֧ľ
ȾµʱϬԼΪɡ
һ˿ЦǰϬ֣ǺþòݣѩҶ衪
ϬվںֻʣƣҾͲˣ︾óȻǰһ


87 
Ϭߺ, Ⱦ޵á
عʱڡ
, ֻЩɣһ裬ʹ˵ҹӻ鷿ЪϢ
ԼĪǵġ
г衱ֵò֮ͤԹæΪɣÿЪ鷿ǰŻ˵˵
Ȼʱ, ֻͤ˵ȾһԲؿ壬֮
һͷŮѽڵųʵϣˡ
Ⱦߵǰ, ֻϲʽɫȫ, ûж, Ը˵Щ˻Сװ, ȥ鷿һˡ
ǡ
⻰ϲѡЩʱֽҲսս, ǵӲġ
¼Ⱦ˷ļ, СŮϲʤæĻ¡
.
鷿ǰ, ŵС̫ԶԶĶȾ, ڵǰū澼
ӿ鷿
, ڡ
ùţ
ӽæúܣš
ȾѩҶеʳнӹҸ˼ˣȥͨһ
ĶĻС̫æ·ֲˣ鷿òͨ
Ⱦһ˿ǿЦ߽鷿֮С
ů鷿ĹƱȱҪö࣬Ⱦվűߵ΢ֻԼС˼޴Ρ
Σ˿ɤȻˣΪβ
ȾγѣպϬ޵ú׵˫ۣһǰ
ƹ磬ֻͤĿϣִʲô
ƻкңյļͬϺõûа覴á
ȾȻһʱûϸͤƺЩ³ϣԵ˱ɫס
Ⱦ𷽲ʱСֲֵ̫ĻػʱԷһ¡
֪²ԼģȾûסüæҲӦʱš
ͤ΢٣̧ͷȾеʳУ֪ʵʲô
Ⱦ򴽣ʳУͷĲһڳֽڵͤǰ
շ¿ӣ㱻⧲ս
䲻ײͤ˫ۣԭˣ
ȾۣȳԹ˵
ͤԴָһûһŪǲԭңܳķ
Ⱦ˱ۣûбʱ´Ի
Լûʸ̸ͤʲôԭ£ԿżɽΪ˶£˵ǱӺ󣬽ձץˣ
ͤ۵׵ɲɢԳ
ȻƬ̵붼ԸԼ
տǼͤʵ
ǡԼһһӲķۣȾûڣ׵ͶǶֻҲܶ
Ⱦ˶٣ͤ˫û¶ȵӣ֪ɷһ
鷿һĳţΨˮ©δ졣
ãͤڣɻǵãЮ󣬶ζҵģ
ȾȻǵá
ǵãǰظһյĻ桪ԼΪҪЮͤޣԽ̼磬ֽ
֪Ī˵ͤԼ£ҲҪԷ೥
ÿ֮ǡ
뵽պϬĿధ󣬶ȾòΪ飺αãֻһ
󡣡ͤѵҵУ㵱һĲֵ
Ⱦԣڵ̺ϡ
ڰ׷ʣ
ͤǰվƵһͷŮ֣Լӣңܵó
ƻӨͣ۵΢â˸ƻ
¶ȾһУóʲôϸҲ֪
ͷ
ɤƱƲѵķ곡Ϸһ˿䡣
ȥͤĶҲǡôı׾
ͤûжŮСҵǡ
ڶȾսĹ
Ⱦͤʱ
ʱƤҲɶԷ
ͤһ񣬶ȾŲ֪βů
ʶսָָֻͤˡ
Ҫɿͤȴסʮָۡ
֮䣬˳ƵȥŶȾһͤϡ
̧֣ͤķ˿󣺡ֺң⡣
ŮĲ⣬Ķǰֺǰ㡣

ִδ£ȾֹǱ׾ֱһϲͨ
ϣֵĺΣ߳һ㱡
ƻӳ£ļһ㱡ɴ
ͤĿûдƿ
Ψдʱ˿̣ܸܵŮȫģֻרעԼҲûȥˡ
ڣȾ˫Ӻ죬ͤϡ
۶ƣˮݿجج֪ϦǺϦ
ʶģ䣬Ʊ˱䵽ϡ
ŲԶЩٻ˵ҡ
ͤɤһ˿ײɳƣȥЩһȡ
ǡ


88 
ֺͤ, ˵һأеڶ, أء
ʳ֪ζŶȾϰݡ
Ⱦֻ˳⣬ʱ޵ʱ鷿ʹǰͬǣͤƿأԼ
˵˵ŮͰ͵ǿš
ƫͤƴеõȤ, ÿʱϸŶȾڵзĹ⻪а㼸Ҫȥ
Ⱦͷգ, ȴּԼ֮, ݺƺľеӳ֯Ρ
ƻ, ˼
ŶȾ׼ϸϸ, ɫһ糹⡣
Ⱦ޴ɶ㣬ֻñۣβоӨ, Ͻ׹δ׹

䷦, ȥ
ָ̧֣ͤӵΎ
ֻ˼򵥵С, ѾƣߵĶȾȴǻһ, ֹס
Ľٴ, Ůϸ΢
ʲôͤв⣬Īôˣ
Ⱦͷļϣ˵
Σƴһ̾ϢȻˣǾͻźɺã
ҹδ룬紵⻨֦ҡҷҷףһƬƬĻ걻鲦Ūء

ͤȣȾνֺãǶϷ
ȼᣬֱҹʱ֣죬ͤڿϷģ˯ȥ
һҹӵߣͤͬհ
ɫδһյƸɴ봲齼䣬ŮµĴ
Ѽأͤħ㣬̧ᴥ
˯δѣ껺ȥͷ
ۣͤʵ⣬Ҿôźã
ȻǵȲشȴ͵͵ʻӿɻЪϢ
ŵĹŮӦǵģкҪ£
ͤʻ֮鷿ͷ̫ࡣ޼£޵š
΢΢üϢ𴲣߳ʱѻָյĲʲô£ȥ鷿˵
ֶ߳½Ųͷˣ˻ӸǺá
.
鷿УнȺ⣬ͤǰԷȡһӣ˷˴ūĻš
ۣͤţ
ǣ˵˱ū뿪ֻ˴š
䣬ƺ˼֡
Сؿǰһۣӡ
ͤ򴽣ȥɡ
ţ鷿󣬲Žչ
Ǳдһֶµĺ֣ͤȴüֽ꣬̿ϣԸ̴콫빬˵Ҫ顣
.
Ⱦ˯ͣǿ˴
ߵ͸Ժдߴߴǲ֪˵Щūˣ⣬ţѪϵĽһ
ҲţūôǱҳĽƨ
ߣ㰮Ųš
ʲôŮӵɤСŮĶԻ

СŮվֱͬ
һλЩش
֪ճϣʥϰּ˵ūӺ͹ǰٰãйԱ׼ڹдˣҶں棬ūĶӺ͹Ǻΰģ
ԭˡ
Ⱦ׵ʱƺҲڹϼūʹߣЩ˱ݼʯصĹб׾ٵ̧
˵ƺҲòֹ
ȾЩɽ׷ĸо
ùţһԵѩҶпй
еġѩҶҪĻūȡ
ȾͷѩҶܿȥȡ
Ⱦӹѹᣬ̵ִĻƴԲȻǱùһʱ䡣
üʵ˭Ĺ
ӵġ
ȾͷӡУͤĹ
ǲµɻѩҶ͵֪ڶв£ֽֱһֱòֻȴṭ𡣡
ȾõĶ˶١
򴽣жòŻָģ
ԼĪС꣬޷֮⣬䵽ٲľϣӲܻСĹ

ʹɣ
Ⱦͷ˵ڡ
ӼʯʹѩҶָˡ
Ⱦûлش̧֣Լ䡣
ۣĽƼֽʱĸо
Ů΢ɲز𽥼ء
ȻѪ֮ôܻ᲻ʹ
ͤΪ˾µˡ
Ⱦۣͷɬżȥ˺Ժ
.
ҹͤæʱŻص޵
ϴڵֻȾͬհڴЪ¡
ͤߣδϴǸָḧŮӡ
֪ҹȾδ˯ţ۽޲˲˫ۣعͷ
ͤҾ⣿
Ⱦҡͷһû˯š
ͤ˿ݵľ׹ʵ˵ˣ
š
϶һܹǺõġ֣ͤٹЩʱգūĶӺ͹ٰԸһͬ硣
Ⱦû˵Ŀʹ䵽ͤ䡣
ֻɫڰ֮£Ȼһ۵˰̡
꼡ǵİ̺۱Ե÷ⲻг
Ⱦܿƿۡ
գӦҽƴͤ룬һأӦ£á
ͤһ㶣ǹ۵׶ģֻȥ¶棬̫ۡ

¹ūʹĶƺƵٰ
һ˵ʱ󣬱ٰеЪ£գٽˣͤʥ
Ⱦ޵֮УСŮΪױ˵ǰϢ˵ūʯиָ챦
˵ȾԷЩ
ڸֿУū˵Ƿı죬ūݷ󽫾ͽ˴˵Ųڱ߾ַ
˵ףūʱԭľս֮Ĵ
ǼȻ鱦ٻǳԭ
˵䣬Ůڷټ׺ҡŶȾĶ΢΢ζ
ȾţҲʽĳÿһҪȲֶܱׯ̬
ڹ˵Ĳ£Ⱦڹ翪ǰǰ
߽ԶԶƼ̨֮ǵϤɫӰ
ҹദȾȴͷʽĳϣͤƹܳʱ̬
֮λҲ࣬ٹٲƷ׸ߵͽԸ£мָߴʤζ
Ŀԣ֣ͤ⣬
Ⱦһ㱣߹ȥִȥ
ָⴥĵɲǣͤ¶Ⱦڰ㣬ս֣
һİŮϯ𣺡Źмӣһ鴫
˵Ůźһ˫鶯۾ٰŮ̳٣ǱСӡ
ȾŮڽԼūݣλҵֳջأ
ԣһλοӣƣüȴԵЩݿеĶջء
ջһŶȾ˲ϵľƱֱһһϣƺū˵ЩĻ
ȾδηӦԵͤڣء
ջ¶㵣û뵽ͤöū
ֳ˾ƣͰ˵æվӺ£λһ
ֵĶ֣Ȼжȣԭڡ
Ͼ볯ĳϣֵ̫ܲȾͤǰضǣҲǰ֮ˡ
ֲͷͤȻͶѾˣҲýַǡ
ͤڸǣʮָཻΪ򡣡
ƫͷĿ⿴ȥźһԵĴ̫൱⣬Ѻڵַ輧ϳ
ƹѲջԭ˵λҪǿ˸裬ҲʿΪλ׼һΣ
ͤףǴӦ
輧½£׳Сɽūϳ
ȾҲѵüıݣ£ĿⶢūʿֻŤһ𣬽ʹҪԷˤ
ūˤӵĴͳ
̨ʿ£˴˽ţ̨¿ͽ񣬵ȺŽ
ڣһ˳Ỵֲ̂ƷڵأӮ̨һȲʡ
ͤǳһھƣʹʤ߰ٽ
ţֳֹʿ̨Ϊұݰٲļ
ͤʹٽ
ʿȥͣز֪˵ʲô
ݿڽͣ˵£ľвʲôջ汾¡ϧڹУȴûлʩչ
кѡ
ͤ¾Ʊڵ޷ԣȴҲԳӵÿգգŸλʿǰԳһչ֡
л롣ݹȭԭ˵öˣ͹


89 
ٰĽҰ, ɽ֮䣬һĳɽ֮кƺǰС
ɽͷ, ҸǧŮѾߣӵӺͰٹ٣ԼūӹԳķȥ
Ϊ׵֮УȾȻƿ
ֻ֮⣬ɽľݺ裬ĿƢ⣬֪Ұ㡣
δǽķ羰, Ⱦö᲻ƿۡ
ֱͤɤϲպÿʱҶߡ
Ⱦֻ̧һۣš
Ůǰ°Ȼ̼䵴Ȼ޴桪ͤеһֻ˿ȸ, ŷɻ, ֻһ֮С
ӵƬ, ȴ޷õ, Զиܡ
Ⱦͷ˫ִϥϣ˶λá
ִԳ, ϯ, ҲضѲúõ
⴫پŮĻЦԼԶݳ, ȾɲΪ, û㡣
Ů̶˹֮ǰū澱õĺ, ЩϣͿԳȥˡ
ȾûпˣڲȥòŻ·
ǡ
СŮ¶ɻ󣬲ǰڹʱԼú͹ȻǺڴԵģΪνֱ⣿
СŶȾɫкβ
šȾӦ£ֻ̫óЩ۶ѡ
ȥڴ齼¡
ŮıӰϢ˳ȥ
Ⱦϣδü˯ϤĽŲ߽£˵ⲻ
Ⱦֽǰ˵ظ˱顣
ۣδתͤ
ͤĺ󾱣۵ײֹ⡣
ԸŮ뿪Լ޼ɵؿȴҲѹ֣һûĻ
ͤɤⲻҲգֻɫ磬ߣ͵͸ɺã
˵գԸˣ
ȾֲҲûʸͬͤƢź£Ϻһͬ߳
.
ĺʱ֣ϼְ죬ɽо֣Եȴ¸߰ʱ
֮УϢ˦ļλʼҹԲߵһƬС֮С
ȺƬ̣ջҲˡ
硣һūСʵڻʼҵĵ̣㵱Ҫڴ˴֣
ջһֻҪԳ˭ǲԭ˵Ķ֡
ݵͷ˵绹ҪС¡
ջزΪȻ÷ģֻҪɱͤСӣԭľ棬ūһĴû᣿
ּ˵˼䣬ջر㷭ȥļƻ
ԭأԶϵĵ̼仯ģ³֣
.
ȾͤûԶֻŲݳϪĿĵƬ̡
ûãлҴ׷ͬʲô
ͤ󣬿ȾͻȻ£ǲܼ⡣
ֽе׸ѩҶչЪϢ
ȾȻ˿ͤڲݳ䣬һּ尾
ԵԭֻÿÿƼ˵ľΪ˾ȺͤҹΪɽ£Щ۵Ĵ¡
뵽ͤνĸ£ҲΪɱݵһϷñʱһԸԼǴý˷š
.
ֱͤ󣬶ȾѩҶнӹԼǣߡ
ϪˮʣߺƲ㱻ȾѪһĳ졣
Ⱦͣ½ŲüƻϼӳϪʲô
ѩҶش𣬱Ϣ䴫ѪϢ˴𰸡
ʲϢϪˮ֮УԭӦ峺ˮ֪ʱѪȾ졣
Ⱦ͵ػعͷϪˮķֻѪСϪѿһ˰̣һֱ򶫱߾ͷ֡
Ⱦδĳ棬һʱЩ㱡
ʯ䣬һ¡ֱͤƺ߶ȥ
ѩҶæסĪ£ūʹӪȥ
СȾĻһͤʲô¡
˵䣬ĽŲѳַͣ
óȻȥֻͤĺˡ
ȾѩҶϣвɶ˼ֽƣ书Щȥæ
ѩҶûжū澵ְǱ
Ⱦû뵽ѩҶִֻ֣̫ѨʲôҪҵ˼֣ͤӣҪû㻹ܻסң
ֵȥͤһӪǱ߰ȱЩ
ѩҶĬĬǣġ
ּ۶ȥ
ȾҲתȹڳפķ첽ȥ
Ⱦܵúܿ죬δע⵽ݴԼСһŲȿȥݺˤǰͷ
һˤתȾǿվԺЩ£ðű巽
ҪǰУȴ֪뵽͵ͣͤǶı᲻һأʹǰһҲı֮У
ͤı£Ҫνȱ
Ⱦתͷܣ֮£ĵĲݳżӰɳ۶ע⵽䵥Լ
ͤڣԼѩҶҲڡ
ûбõĻˡ
.
ͤгһᣬնǰ̿͵Ĳ
Էͷ­ص˲䣬Ѫ
ߵһƬɺ죬ɱ۵սӭһɱȴٳӦս
ع񣬲ŷеĴ˿̣ԼͻǵĽ¡
Żžƽ͵ּ䣬תۼѻʬɽѪ
Ȼ׼һսǺķȫ
ҧҧάűķƽ˾ԸЩʬ壬ɾ
ǡ
Ҫæ⴫յļ
̧ͤȥ˾ѩҶ
ûѪɫϣȻֳʲôˣ
ӣ¡ѩҶϥŻش𣬡ϵͷ⣬
ѩҶԭΪӦΪĹĸˡ
˭֪ͤϢɺ俴ˣ
󲽳ǰȥ
Ȼ߳ͤλ˻Σɽµȥ
.
պв̫ķǿɼסˡ
ϴ޵˵ۣͤڵûа㲨
ˣ˵֮ؾѹ̲סҪ߶䣬֪Լӣǰ۶ܲá
أ
ͤܣûпӰ
ؾһ㶣ʲô
üͷŶ˵ð
δ˵꣬ͤһԲƿӷ
Ŀɨÿһ䣬ǰûУûУĴŮӰ
ʧȥԣ۵׸ִ֪֡ģֻҪлᣬȾͻԼܵԶԶĶ
һʼԼͲӦţǽڵУý˩ﶼȥԼ˭Ҳ
ȥץӴԺҲӡ
ֳͤĺ첽߳ȥȴӭײ
Ⱦеҩ뱻ײڵأҩ֭õǡ
㡪
ü˵һ뿴Էͤɾۣˣ
ͤҺԺɲǹڰ
Ũī㻯ӣ۳ŮСɵӣڰ׷ͫԼǱʲôγϸϸѪۡ
ȾƲĿ⣬̧˴ʹõһӦǻ·ϣˤһӣҶơ
ʣµĻȾû˵ꡣ
Ϊ֣ͤ뻳Уһɤᷢ⡣
ţ
лл㡣
Ⱦһ㶣ûסЦ£ʵҲûʲôæҸյӪأŽϽϹȥѾ̧ˡ
ͤûлش
һлΪ˽գΪǰ
ͤΪȺ׹£˵ݸ̫ӿģǸǵҹֲָµףҲΪԼʹȥ
ҹŮһƹ⣬ڱúڰµףþǵС
ʱͤΪ鷳ûеһл
ͤڼϻ۹ˣŪҰµģֱһ̣ŷԼ޲ɼɵӣȻܰ㽫һŪˡ
긩ͷļѴƺ˵ʲô
ȾͷзţԲ𡭡


90 
νɽ, ͤǿûãιȥ, ˴ϡ
ȾڴߣûѪɫ˯գüͷ΢΢
һԵؾڵصͿһҲԣû뵽
ԭˡ
Ⱦ䲻ڳؾ˵Ҳ³˵ʲôŻͤʧǰⴳ
ͷ䡣
ͤȻιȥԼ󴦵ָȴûɿ, ָմѪۣҲȾȾļϡ
Žس飬ȴ˯еͤʶյø
ؾûע⵽СϵѪ»ûǴһЪϢãá
šȾ, ˡ
.
˶˳ȥ, ֻ¶ȾͻԲѵͤ
ȾѩҶ, ÷κ˽, ſʼͤ¡
ȻһֱֻסȾʵǲ㶯Ű⿪ָͤ, ȴ޼¡
Ⱦ̾һ, ϵɿ, ֻ㻻·, 뿪
, ֻȴյø
Ϣͤɿ֡
ȾæѪȾ·æҵػϸɾ¡
ʱϸ鿴ͤϣȻû˿˿ڡ
˿ʱǰԼؾĶԻ
ֳΪβ
ùңϵѪЩ̿͵ģûˡ
ҩ
ؾһ٣ǲѪ֮á
ʱ鼱Ⱦδ롣
»ؾûΪϣҴóҽѱõҩ裬ǡΪλεҶԴ˼ֲ֡
ȻؾԸ˵ܲȥ׷ʡ
ҡҩʲôܹԼ޹ء
Ⱦûȥ˶ˮ裬ΪͤϴϵѪۣҲԼֲøɸɾ
ôãҪԵ㶫
һʣȾžõȷмֶ
Ⱦʲôʱˣ
ոչʱ
ֲáȾù˶ģǳǳЩ汥ӣŵÿϴҲϵĺ
뵽ͤԼǲ֪Ҫķ裬ȾûлŮǱߵ񣬶ֱԽͤӣ¡
.
һҹȾ˯üֱ˯ѡ
ۣƼͤߵĲ԰ӡ
Ī֮ͤǰڣΪ㽫ҩͿá
ȾŲԭָԼ
ҩζڱϢӿ
ͤͿҩĶŮҶƵ˺ϣĿרע
ȾۣĶ
˺۲࣬ͤܿͽҩͿãҩƿ
Ⱦûпл
ͤɤЩͣķΪЩҵķ֮¡
š
ݵľĬͤס֣֪㱾ڰȱʱ򣬳ߵġ
ҡȾҧˡ
𣿡ֿͤøЩϢϣҵϣļٲһЩ
ȾΪλ˵
ͷͤĿ΢΢ɻ
⽫ҴǰֲãҲ˿ɺá
ͤһ˿ײİ
Ⱦͷ¡
ͤԹԿڣ֪ǰԼ˺ܶ£ŻʧܲܡǶˣ¿ʼ
Ⱦûг
ףǳ֮ʣԼ
֪
ԭ£
ֻͤҲߡ
ԭ£
Ⱦ
ƭԼԪҹĺˮֻһΡȴ޷ѩ֦ʱѪȥԹˣǱ˸˵Сӡ
Ⱦһ飬ͤ֡
۵׵İɲǹš
ҡ
Ⱦſڣ˵ʲôȴŮӣл
ͤ˱ۣлָյƽ
Ϣ°ӵķԸȥѰūӣ֪Ҳ̿ˣҽΡ
ǴԼժһɶͤ俪ڣȻˣұһǸ񣬱ȥһ档
ǡ
ͤɿڶȾ֣վ
մ´ֻλ˻Ρ
ȾУæֽ˷ס㡭
¡ͤЪϢĪҪܡ
.
֮УջϣŮΪ簴ȡ
ֱµӣˡ
ջæʾЩŮȥϱʹ֮ɫƱ˴ĥáֹȥӽ
ǡ
߽ͤ񣬱żŨҵѪϢԼջʱʱ͵ʹ
иһ˿⣬ߵ󣬲޹е˵Գ̣
лǣңҺ˵òءջسŲֱϰõ¶ֻЩ̿ʵڿɶ񣬾Ϣ͵Ϯ
ǲʵˣ˵Ҳˣץסڣ
ͤҡͷЩ̿Ͷò࣬ǽ»ڣҲŽԾ
ջ˿
ͤù˽õֻǧ˲ΣѰģҳԳˣʵⲻȥΨоֲĪҪʲôҪ󾡹ܿڡ
ջЦЦ󷽵ӿˣֻµȷһ£Ҫ㡣
Ŷ
ˣûмˣҿһλȣҵջصҲŴλʮ
˵ǿ´ϥأֵͤʥ˵תȢ֮⣬ūԸؽ֮á
.
ūԸȢʮϲ£Ӵ߽Ҳᰲȵöࡣ
Ҫ𢣬ҪҵЩкã
ֻ֪ɱɱçĪǵҪѪɺӣǲſϸĲɣ
֮Щĳͷڹһͷû幫һʱİȣҪĺãôԼȥ
㡭
ǵУٹٳòɿӣֻһ̾Ҫ֡
ͤڸ̨֮ϣ֧һִֻڷִһԲۿȺǹս
ʱһλִС̫߽ڵϣӣʮڽǵ
̧ۣͤ
עӵĿУŻʮһһ߽ǵվڰٹ֮ǰλٳˣԸūӣؽ֮á
̧ͷͤӽԸת֡
ͤףˣຮ֮أٰ١
ʮͷȻǹӦΣֻ̰ͼ֡
ǰֱĳӣĬͷ
ҲֺǺǵվԲȻˣּѡӣ͹ޡ


91 
ܿⶨʮ޵ڡ
³, ˻ɼ׵ĺӡ
ʮĸ̫, ò̫ʣͷļλɩʽ֮вΪͼ޵Ľڡ
һ׮£䵽ΪĶȾͷϡ
һգȾѵͤͬһʱ𴲣ھǰױ׼ǰ
ҪӦĴ棬ױʵ
ȾûãƤ´, ۡ
ŮСװͷ㱼ͷ͵صȥ
죬Ⱦ˼֡
̧ۿУŷΪԼ纷Ĺ˲֪ʱѱͤ
໻ϻ, ڷϺõɫ米, ߹ճֵơ
Ⱦϵ, Ǹ䡣
Ⱦۣʮ, طҪæ
ͤڣæһʱʱҲеġ
˵ţȡΪϡ
Ȧڲ, жȾɪ, ָͤⲻǴƿ
Ѿ£ϵ, űɴ͸
ƺ, ˵ĵӳ, ޸ʱмơ
Ⱦ򴽲
ͤ׷ʣɻǵã޸ңĳ
ȾȻǵã±һʣԺоظֳÿһĻ桪
Ϊ˵ԵԼУԲȵطҹ֮顣
ַƻϵģȻָͷҲں
޵ǰҹ˷ܵ˯ž
ǰǸʱ۶ͤһ뵽ͤͬľư㣬ÿһߵøⲻʵͬƶˡ
ƶһŲȿգ۵Ҫ
Ⱦգۣһɨգǵˡ
ͤϵһ
ΣȾûе֮е׷ʣǲ᲻صһ䣺ԲЩҲһ׮¡
йѽųͤǣԱٳҲ١

޵֯ŻУھǰ¸ϼΧƣ޷ֱӡ
֮ɫįȴһϼװ롣
Ⱦһϸʮʮϡ
СŮδѣ񣬷˸鱦ϲ
ȴԡ
ȾĬĬΪᷢһͷϣٰü
ʮۿ˸
⴫ϲĴ룬Ⱦ֣Խ죬ڱעӵĿ£ŵĻǰһ·ء
šս֣ν㣬Ҳ
˵һ룬û˵ȥϲ֮С
ȾĿϲ̧ųͷȥ
ūڳӭףʮظڣҲӦнš
Ŵڶڴ˴ͤΪ׵İٹ٣ͼ·߿ֵİա
ǵĳӺƺʮʮ֮⡣
;ǧһͣй˸߶Ⱦǰͷӵ𣬻Եȡ
š
Ⱦʵʵš
ֹһλŮСڳҪ
ţ
ǡ
һϬȾƿʲô𣿡
˴ϸ˵ū
Ϭڴ˿ԼҪ¡
Ⱦ͸Ϊڣ뿪˳ӣСŮ·ԵСȥ
˭֪ãҲϬ
ȾͷУѼӵӰմ粽ѩҶ˿̾ȻҲڡ
ٿŮͣ½Ų
˵ϻǶһӡիֻδüǵÿգһһȥȡ
ǡ
ԷӦ
˵ѣϬʲôֻȻźˣ֪ܲ
ȾҲ룬ܣȡ
ʣǸδü˵ڣŮѱһֻסڱǡ
ʶģǰȾһµȥ
.
ҡҡλΣߴ·棬֨֨ѽѽ졣
ĶȾָ⶯˶صƤ
˿ʶæ㿪
ȴڣĪ£ҡ
ȾۣǰеϳȹԱɴŮӣСӣ
š
Сȡϵɴ¶ϤܾˣֻūҪ뿪ûԵİ취ֻнճ¡
˵Ⱦһţ֮ǰҵˣĲ֡
Сӵͷԭί˵
ԭԴȾͤعкСӱһֱ취ٴߡ
СڹУ絽ǰ乬һ𵱲ĺýá
λôԹѧٹ򣬽ó
Ϊ˲κ˲ڴ֮ǰСûн¸κˣȾ
Ⱦ˵꣬Ѳߡ
СӿǱŵˡ
δ˵꣬Ⱦ˹һѱס̫ˣһΪġĲԸңԭ
ûпĽǶȣСЦˣūôأ
Ⱦûп̫ãɣ׵Ķ
Сӵͷūڴ֮ǰѾ׶·վЪţǿԳ˶͵͵ߣ֪ġ
ȾҪͷȴ͵뵽ʲôŮ۵΢ȥ
Сͤܿͻҵҵġ
Сս֣ģū澻ӵԶԶģֻҪ㲻ӣԶᱻҵ
СȾҡͷҲע
ǻǿЩȥŮ૵ͤҵǰȥһ˵ҵ⣬ߡ
С㶣ѵҪȥٻصУԶҲҪӹһӣ
Ⱦסˡ
ûгֱСٴοڣΪβһԣһΣٲҵأ
ãȾ̧ͷ˵öԣ㲻֪ΣҲӦһԡ
.
º󣬾ݡ
ıСǣյֵúܡ
ūӺͻʶʮΪף;˵ЪϢһһҹ۵뿪ǰȫǵİնȥˡ
ջ¥ϣȾ͸죬ȻĿųĶԶʧɳľͷ˿
ҹСӳվزϣ͵͵˳ͷȴһֱҹ˯þ
ۼջһԶ޵ĹŮ⡣
۳Ͷ٣ڴ˿ͣ
㣬緹ˡ
СӶķ
лأ϶ȾĿζȥ䲻ٰϸȴҲзζ
ȾСӣţпʲô
С˼ģûʾҲ˵ĹٱҲϵ㾹ȻӵôԶĵط
Ⱦ˿
ӵ߽ȷ⡣ȻҪӣܸӵԽԶԽá
Ҳ֪ͤȥĶڵĎEޣǰСסɽ
ʶԼȾæջĬسԷ
飬Ⱦһնڿͷûгš
ֱһգڿСΪԼĻȴ·졪
ūһǱ죬ǿǹոռ޹ȥͳӡ
ɲٰĹ֦Ҷ£֪ųʲô

ȾæеĻ첽߹ȥŴ򿪣ʶλ˵Ŀٰʮʲôˣ
·ͣ½ŲСӻ֪ǰūгˣ˵ӳ׵գʹڧߵɱ˭˭Ҳá
ȾԺ˵һ
СӸͷƼȾڿͷ﷭䵹
ʲôʡ
ơȾͷҲ̧ǰڹУͤΪ˷ڹɳ룬һƣǽյδˣ

ūг£ʮ¾Ҫ취ȥ
ǶȾۿȥ׵ģ¡
Сֹαصģӡ
ҵˡȾûע⵽ĻսöƣڿջҵϢ


92 
ȾƳš
С, İĽֵͷζסһλƵ·ˣλС, ֪ݵںδ
Сİɣûʲôֻ̫أ̫ظڶߣһֱת͵
δ˵꣬ȾѴҴҵл˵ķ첽ȥ
ǰһͭţҶ̫ظ֣ȾȷԼûҴط
ǰ, ʿŵĻ̫ؿڣ
ÿ￴ţĴٹˣȴ˭Ȼ
Ůʩۣ֬һ㻪, Ϻõ顣
䲻֪Ǻ, ȴɵÿ˼֣ڸ, ֪к£
Ͷλͨһ, ˵ٰˣҪ
ԥȾöǹ, Ҷϲ˵ѡ
̳ɵ, ܹ˷Ǹ󣬻æͷڴ˵ȺƬ, ȥͨˡ
Ⱦվµûһ, ǰλˣ
Ⱦ̫ظ
δż, ٷ˱ӭǰ϶ſЦ֪λٰԶкҪ£
šȾͷʴܲܡɱūȥһˣʮ
ԼݣնΣͤġӡ
ԭ̫شްæ˸񣬡ٴ˵أˡʧԶӭֻ
ȾɫΪѣæ׷ʵֻʲô
СŲݣֻǴūӪȴ²ߡ˶٣ӵͣ
ȾסˣóƣûУ𣿡
̫ҡͷȴ£ûͣܵģҾӦˣֻ¾ӪǱߵҲӦ
Ⱦǰ״ϧ¶ݣΪֻҪͤУ˭֪ȴ뽩֡
ǸǺã૵ʮūаΣǵȥһգֻͻΣա
԰꣬ʮ࡭
ûӵͣСһʧᶨ̫ش̫Ļ
ŶȾ˫ҾǱ
ǱͻȻĳ֣жȾϲ⣺ˣ
Ǳ΢΢ףȡһ飺ʱʹūǰױдµͣƳƽ֮ʱǲñ߽Ĳ
̫СؽͽӹϸĿͷԵƬ̣֪Ӫκͳ

̫ظľӪǿӱޣҲⲻҪϰʱ
ȾͷǱ̸֪ʹū¡
ūдҰģĸ㳼ҳҽڽҿӪʡ
ǰҹ빫飬ջرɱūӪдң²ŵŻӳ
˵˴Ǳϧܣֻܳҳӣܽʮһߡ
ȾõսľܱȫʵףٿԼ
˵䣬ƹܾݾӪκͳˡ
鷿һ󣬼ڵóūƲóȻɱǰֻ¸ū˷Ľڡ
ΪǱʮսĵɽٴǰūӪʣǵ콻档
ȾԱһԲֱӺſڵ
˷˵ūλӻɱ̵Ȩգ
ǡ
Ⱦһ˾ȻˣԸ淶һͬǰ
ڼȰǰڣڹϼң֪ҶͤԡҪڣ˼ҵݣҲóȻ¡
վûֹȾȰ˵𽥶ҡ
ǰ̫ؽſڣһضǧҪģ¹ڴ˹
ţ޴˷ĺˡ
Ⱦ˵ţԼȴҲǲʶ˷ͷزķ١Ϊ˲עĿɷǱСˣԡ
˾ݳţУɳһͷĸڡ
죬ȾĨһѶͷϵĺͷһˮ
ţƤңɶϷǱĿ⣺̫ظʣµûӦǴٰӳģ
ȾûзϣȻ¶Ӳ˵۾
֪˴ȥū
֪Ⱦͤһ֪ܿҵټұߡ
ֻǡܲΪһ֮˽վʮڲˡ
ĬǱûٶԣūӪлаյ·̣Ϣȵ˺ٻ
.
ǴҰĻɳУڳǾۼĻ⣬ūפӪء
ͣΪ׵У߳һλģ꣬һλνССˡ
ʲôˣ
Ѳߵʿǰʡ
ʮūʿΧסǱĽҲʾֳֺӧǹڶǰͷ
ŵķΧУǱūЩʿ֪˵Щʲô
Ϊ׵ūʿƬ̣תӪȺУһһλŮ˳
ľϵܻ⣬ȾϳԷݡ
δģδ䣬ȴһ䵶ʱҲλߵƣǶ¡
ʱ򡣡ݵãҲһλԶĿˡ
ˣ
ȾͷȥȰ
ҹӪкǰǰͷ·߽λ˹ֵӣǹʹ߷ˡ
õĻ겦ԭͷԼӰӵĶȾɲǼӲ
᲻ˣͤôū˵ӪС
Ⱦţ̧ͷȻ壬ԷǱѿڣ΢ӡ
ɻ󣺡֪Ϊλڴ˵أ
һ·ˡͤɤ䣬ٻ
Ⱦվԭأ˿̱Ҳ
ֻܵͷಽڷǱŲҪλȥ
˭ֿ֪߳ͤڣ㣬
Ⱦ䲻ȴĪ⻰ǶԼ˵ġ
֪ͤǲϳԼˣΣлߡ
Ⱦҧ´ߵͤǰ
ֻֻۣ޳ÿִϣָһûһߵ棬˼ʲô
ڶȾΪᷢʲôʱͤڿڣơ


93 
Ⱦ, ϰһֻͭƺ
ͷܽԼӰ֮, ƺΪͤơ
ȻСͷ֮ʣؿͤµģ
Ϊ˲ע⣬ϲŵɫūɳĮгĺ
ɫ䣬ƤбһȦޡ
δƺֵ˼֡ں޵ĳ£԰׵ý͸
ǲĿ, ͤƫͷ
Ⱦͷһæջߡ
˭Ϊʱžƺֻ䣬͵رս
ͤǽڷָһս, Ů޹ǵġ
Ӫһĳ, Ⱦؿڴһһ, ҪɤԾ
һֻɶӹ, š
ͤڣˡ
Ⱦע⵽ԭԼ飬֪ʱƵ, ˮ˳, ϡ
Ŷ
Ӧ˾ƺ
ָɿ, ȶʢƵͭ, һ
Ⱦ΢ɲ˿, µķǱԥſڣӣλС˳էչ˲̫ܵ绻
ͤΪȻȻչ˲ֺܵαؽϣضй֮
еļ
ͤͷǱԸȾûж룬ֻŷǱҡҡͷ
ԼݵѱͤԸپС
ݵĳĬ󣬷Ǳƿ˻⣺֪ӳūӪУǰҹӵйأ
ͤδǽеľƱ£ָñء
Ⱦ⣬æͷΪơ
ȴ£ǽƱָ棺ջٰʱıɱ٣Ҳ˳һ֮
Ҳֻ˫ȫĺ÷ӣʹλٳܾ˵ʱ򣬽һ򾡡
Ӧԭ˳˵벶ȸں󣬱
˵գ˫ȾһԸ󳯵꣬ǧġ
ǫˡ
ͤλӽǺս֮˭̳λڰնаٺһֻԸױٵĿġ
䣬ȾͤΪλūӪС
ԭһжı֮С
ʮףջصһӣͼǽλӣλ
˵Ѽʶͤ˼ϲ⣬ʱ˿̣ȾԲипͤһһ䣬ܹ±߽յİ
˵̸ͣ˵֮Ĳá
ջȴڲµڻǱӣҪ£ҵ
ֻˣݵλܸӰȡ
˵䣬ͤžƱֻȴûЪ£һһأơ
Ⱦ΢΢ü
ūԸ⺷ƽȵĶҾƣ⸱ܹˣǰЩʱջԲѵӣҾƵˮȣǲҪ˲ɣ
еľƺƵ󣬺Ȼб
ͤٸ¾ƱȾΪƣƺ׳죬Ծֻ˳źʳٵÿľ
ͤسûоˣ
ǡ
ŮϸӬ
ͤûг
ȾֻһȵĿ⣬䵽ԼžƱֱֻϣ޶Ҫļ͸㡣
ջ֣½ϡ
Ůֿʼ
Īһأͤϳˣ
ȾҪûڣҲΪʱҧס´ά򶨡
ͻȻһλִĽʿӪУڵ񣺡ӣյźţǷ쯵ټ
ͤƿߣ̳
˵䣬վʱ򣬱ٻһλͨūΪҴ·
Ǳǣ½Ӳǲ
ͤǰͷǱݽ
ȴͣ½Ųþԭûж
Ǳɻ󣺡ӣ
¡ͤڣߡ
ʿƿ˳ȥ
⴫һԶĶ
еĶȾ˿ؿڻ̱ڵء
ãԶƥ˻̤֮ͤűѾˡ
ڴ˶ͣȾ󣬿첽⡣
Ӫſվ˻ѲߵʿԼʱļ䣬Ӫصſȥ


94 
ӪʼĴȼŻ, ȾŹû߶ԶӭһѲߵʿ
æ˼, ԥźã䲻һֻ֣
¡ܾӰҪ㣬æڣҡ
СӣȾ۾ô
˵СӵսƳţòұھݳǴϢ, ֪˳ǣæ׷˹
Ⱦ֪ߵ̫֪һ
Сûж˵ʲôʹߡ
ȾĽŲ߳, ͣС, һˡôҵģ
ǰͷСӽŲסҡ
˵, ȾٿڣС, ʵҿɺã˭£
Ůʧ
Сһţɿ䴦֣˵ʲô, 
Ⱦҡҡͷ, ö
ūӪܶʿ֣һֻӬѽ, Сһ, ֲǻĽ, ôϢؽ׼ȷҵԼ
ǡи˸ָ·
СӳĬȾת
Ů΢΢ɤżֿǻ߰ɡ
㣿
ǰ㱻ͤвûã˭ˣҶûʸʣھߣŻûбͤ˷֡
ӣ
СӴĻ
Ⱦعͷʵ̴ֲ⣬СҧظǰҽٰȥĶá
ȾԼĶǲǳ⣺ôᡭ
ūҲţΪʲô⡣
СӵڰбӻٰݣܰȻҲѲʧٵ
ȾȻҲɣҲ˵һ·ϡ
Сӵͷū澰һֱӵ磬ҲǽҴѰ㡣
ȾԺ˵һҡͷͤ
ʲô˼
ԷӪаӿȻϳԼ
Ϊβαװ
Ⱦ֣ʶ࣬ԼǴδʶ
ȻԸߣΪβûжԶӶԶСӳûȰһӵʱַڣɾ߶߲ˡ
ȾҡͷԳЦˣѵͲзڵʱ򣿡
ͷվ޷Խͤġ
ãƣȾĿڴֵŭ⡪
ͤУԼʲô
ĪǵԳеӰ㣬˹ߣҲΪһָ̼԰ˣ
㡭
СӻȰ
ԶѲ˴Ķԭǵʲôˣ
Ų𽥿ѵĹչ
Ⱦ۵һĨ⣬¶ʲô⣬Ӱ߳
Ѳİ˸ǰδüѯʣȴԷ̧֣һѳ·ټĲ
ڷкֻŮӼѩףλȻӵ£ȻҲϵ˭
.
¹ɳĮڴȥķ罫ϸɳ㲨˰塣
һǰУ纵ۡ

ͷ֮סӣǰͷǴӺĲ²֮
̧ͤףĿ⿴ǰĸڡ
֮ʱū˶·խҵĸֵ¡
ҲӦ֮
񣬷Ż𡣡
ͤ׼µ˵æȡձϵĸɲ񣬶ڸڵڴȼ
̼Ũ̹ںľЮ³ڴ۶ȥ
ܻӳϣͤԼȡһֻϡ
ԼĪյĹ򣬴Ũ߳һӰ
˵Ŵ磬ȻǰͻΧŴߵĵɽ
ֻ޴ȴһԲĶһƣ쯱ͷ­Ѫ
ߴ˵ʲôͷ­˹
ͤɫ糣Ҳ硣
ΨǱɫңɱûֺѪȵĳ档
ǿŲʣΪͤͶԷ˵Ļӣ˵ԸԴӵͷ­Ϊ֤Ͷĳ⡣
𣿡
ͤеļֻҪߵ˶Ȱٱĳ⡣
ǱĻʵλ¡
ū۷˸С
һʮ³֣ͤķ߹
ͤһ̧֣ʾͣԸʿȥϿ˽
ǡ
ʿ󲽳ȥ
Щū˴Լûϵ⿴ϵӰ꾹Ȼ㾭ϵǡ
Ϊ֮αװĳ˺ɫ
ʿʱȻһȣ֮˵õȡ߳䵶
Ϻʿȥ
һƿնͷλū˵ĶģһСɽصȥ
ͤ治ɫƶԴԤϣ𹭼һºʿǰɱ
һʱԭƽɳĮбнӣ졣
Щū˽ͺ⺷ʹ䵶ڡ
ȻͤʿǾѡľ񣬵࿹Ҳѷʤ
ڸ翹ū˲ʮˣɱһһ·硣
µūɱۣҲ֪˭ƳͤЩΨǱսȥǸ
λūһͺȣþΧʿûֱֱǱɱȥ
ϵķǱδüǰ䵶
ԭΪԼҹضڴˣʶۡ
ǰһι͵ײһ
ֽͤΪһԴһ˿գ䡣
࡭
Ǳлֻ˵ڣȴϵ˻Σҡҡ׹
ʿΧ͵Ϯūնڳǹ£ǱĿʵӿɻã
ͤսеûлشĻٶǰɱȥ
һսֽѿʼʹ
ΪǱһ䷢飬δȬľˣ˿̿ʼ
ǣڵĹƶƺֿʼ
Ӱ⣬ͤɱеĶӿ죬ûκ˿
ֱһū˵ʱгһ밵ͤʧûܶ㿪Էİ
ߴʿĺ׹ȥһ̣ͤԺֻһͷҺãԼûΪһ֮˽ס뿪
ǱҲãҲգǱ¹⻹ҪŮվͲ
˽ؽɫסġ
ֻԸ¹ܹתٲҪڵ
.
ԡȾڣҲ֪Ҿں׵Ķ
һˣҾװûҲѡ
ݵοѷԸңһҪչ˺㣬аʧ뿪ʱķ߱ǡ
Ⱦûг
ǧ֮ūӪ˿ȴٰʳǵĹ֮Уʼ޷ӿͤ
ԭС˵ò٣һжļƻ
ɳĮҹȻڻԣȾʶ˫ϥԼ
ͤжû
ݡ
ҵǲݵֻҴĲ͵úܣҪ뽫һ򾡣˵Ҫա
δ䣬⴫ӣʿͨӻˡ
Ⱦһ
ҵ͹ˡվ첽ͷӭȥ
ֿ߳Ⱦ䲻֮䷢ʲôһ䣬߻ü
²κ˽ҹ㣬ӡ
Ⱦգۣվһȥ
Ҫͤͬʸʲô
ϷŪѵȤ
.
ӿȾ߳ȥƼķǱ
еսûֱֱǰȥ֪˿֪ںδ
δ˵꣬ŮȻʧ
֮Уڵϵꡣ
ͤ˫۱أϲһֻ̼޳ֱ۴ڵͷû˿
ͤ
Ⱦ૿ڡ
δӦԡ
ͤһϢɱۣûлӦ
ҵʧְǱڣûܻסӡ


95 
ϵͤԲ, Ⱦ̧֣ϵ˿ڴ
ĴĴ, ̯ģָֻⱻȾ
һزǵ˵ѪǴͤ½߳ġ
Ⱦһʱ
ҧҧͤ
ûлӦ
ͤ˵
Ⱦֵ͵ͻһ鲻е䣬ŲԼᡣ
԰ꡣ⴫ǱϾ͵ݳǣӵֳڳ, ҽεķӡ
Ůûгþ÷Żعһ
.
ݴ̫ؼլ
ҹ˾ʱ֣ظ¾Ъ£ȴΪ˻Բѵͤĵ, õƻͨ
Ůææ, Ϊִ׼ˮ͸ɾɴ, Լϸ
˵, յϽȣְҹƣ
Ψֽͤɫº޵ĳ, Ѫɫȫޡ
Ⱦվڴ, Ĭؿؾͷϡ
΢ɲزס˵ߡ
ûȥЪϢա.ǰ, ؾڵ, ɫҲ, һŵ
ȾҡͷҲ¡
ؾûж˵ʲôܿ죬̼˳
˿쭳ɫѪ
ԼĪʮ糤Ķ̼һûͤڣʺѪһ빴
Ⱦ˸ҧס´ֱгѪϢ
ؾȴԴƺϰΪһҲͣЪѪҩ
һкеĶ̼ϸƬ̡
ϲͨҩûжؾֻʱǾҪˡ
Ⱦüⷬ⣺ȻûжΪλҪ
ؾֹõҪ֪
Ⱦ֮䣬ƺкҪԼ
ֳ˵޷ڣϾӡ
һ̣ͤϵķޣͲӦ
ؾǲɢˣŵڣÿɻǵãȥ£εһأ

Ⱦǵô˸޷
ؾе֪ΪԼһֽ˸
ججʲôģģΨؾĻڶԷ
Ϊ˾㣬ԸڵĹƳϡ
˹޽⣬ȥһֱ֮ҩǿţȴǲ޻֮
Ҳ֪ܻã£಻꣬Ҷʱ򣬶ڳ˯֮С
ߵһƬȾֻƾֱǰţ䲻żײż

ּۿؽס
ȾȻڣСӣ
ūڡ
ΪλȾûпֻ૵ͤûЩ߰ա
ģӽû˻Ѱ㡣
Сӿ״ʧĶȾ㲻𣿡
ҡ
Ⱦס
߻ǲߣʲô
ͤΪ˾Żģ
Ⱦǰٶ಻ʣڴ˿ȴضĿڣҪ
ߡȾҡͷӽҶٲߡ
СԥſڣΪӵĲ𣿡
Ⱦһ㶣ԭҲ֪
ū澲֪ǲ³ġ
СӽԼ֪ĺгٰ뿪ʱһҵٽϡ
֣һСŮ˵ʵǴ󲻾
СӼǵƮƮڷԸһ޹ҪӦС¡
.
СӷŶȾݣһ·϶İȡһľС
˫УҪūתĶ
ȾԺɲǿհס
²ʲôͤ⽫ԼҪ֮
˼δ壬ȴѲ̧𣬴˺иǡ
֮Уһյơ
ϸصɱľ˿ſԵ˷ý˿Ǽܡ
Ⱦܶ໨ƣƯһյòǷӦеģżһʣճƯ
ͤģΪλ⻨ƣ
˵ԪҹһյƣΨһյ㡣СӵɽһɶԵ˹ȴ
ȾĬá
ԭˡ
Ԫҹơ
أЦմȴһƬ
Եˡ
ǰҰٰŹʱô˵
ˣǹȻһʼʹˣò񻰡
ȾȻյƣݺݳȥ
ͺеһУյò񻰵ĻƻñһΣֻҪ鿪ξͻ
Ⱦδйʧ̬ƵĶ˻ΣЩȥ
ϧͤĻƣлҪʵ
שϹµµһȦ
ʳˮһԹ⣬˿ӳͫУοһ£öȾ۾ۣŶʹ
˱ۣƣ糱ˮϮ
ѩ֦
Υʱ֡
СӲӦ
ѩ֦Һۡ
Ůͬˮ֮ץסľս֣ȥ˯òã
áԷͷ
Ⱦ¶ҡҡͷ⣬ʲô
ѩ֦û˵
ȾЩˡѩ֦ǲǻԼûлס
ֻѩ֦
ϴˣССʵūСӡ
֮˺Ⱦ֮˱ˮɲԪλ
ڴϣβ뷢䡣
ҺͿˡŮڣȥ˯ɡ
СȴģȡˮΪȾǺñӺ󷽲뿪
.
Ⱦһҹ˯úܲȡ
ξй½룬ԱݵϣҡҡλΣĺˮʼ
ͻȻһֻǽڷ֣󣬽˳
ȾһϤ
ͤ˶ƺ˵ʲô
壬ǰϸȴôҲͤ˵ʲô
һ㸲ǰ֮ģĿҲ
ֱͤУٲ
Ⱦȥȴ˸ա
䣬ʪָ⣬һСڼϡ
ȾͷʺѪ
ûˣѪֻͤϵġ
Ůоѡ
⣬ݵİñٰҪЩ
ȾʶƫҹƱķλ
שϿģưӰӡ
͵شӴðһͷҹֳ˵ĻҲϡͿΡ
ûʲôƶҲûνƣֻͤˣ˯һͻ
Ⱦƿ´첽ȥ
ߵԣŮһͣ˽Ųͷϣյơ
ݵСӼ״ΪβЬ˿ǲ
ӽΣ
Ⱦʡ
СĬĬӲδڻ˯֮С
֪ˡ
ȾۣûҪ귿ȥ̽
תɻ˴ϡ
.
ھݵЩʱգȾǰδе˯
˯ľƺԼУܼȻͤһ档
ڼҪ˵ʲôȾû뵽


96 
ͤԲ, ȴһ
ٰﲻѻھ̫ظ鷿̴ľϡ
˴, ֱһգͤİڶȾǰ콫ٰţŵ˵Ͼ㽫ϡ
콫㶣Ƕͤ״֪
ȾǷţκӹչ
Լࡣ
Ľڹеʥϱ³ްţɲ׵ۼλ
»ʳȺףѱߴ, ջؾࡣ
ȾǹһĨЦ
ͤǻѵػȥֺڴ˵һǰ¡
˼ȥŽǱ
ǱипҶ̫ظѷӻԲѵϢͷֻˣֻٰеҪ, 콫Ҳס󡣡
Ⱦ˱ۡ
ͬˮľѹȥ, ֻƽͬǱ
, », м£֡鷳ˡ

鷿֮УȾ𿪰ϵһš
гл, Ҳϸ΢, зǱųıߣȾһ, ǾӦġ
ҪϾ, Ҫ, ˱ǡ
Ůִʶպī֡
ͤδɻǰһдòҲ̶ã֣Ǵǰָ鷿УȾְֽ̳ġ
ģͤıʼѴ֮
ֻҪӦôӣҲ˲ķ
գɫѰȾͣ±ʡ
һ鷿ȥ
ѵֻοɣӰ滨Ľ
Ȼѩˣ
Ⱦ̧֣ƽסһƬɻ
ۣžӨѩĻҴδ뵽гһգܿ·ѩ
ľȷԤϡǱ˼ĳҲӲ뵽ıµʱҲδϵ
´Ů£ǱûʣµĻ˵
δ뵽ǰԵ꣬ΪԼľˡ

ԶСӵĽŲܿ죬תۼ䵽˸ǰ
Сַܵˡ
.
̫ظϱߵ鷿ߺԺͤЪϢݣкܳһ·Ҫߡ
ȾһҲͣŮȹɣ˷ѩ
ѩ˳źֱڴ࣬մͬϸܵСӰ㣬żмƬ䵽̵ܾϣͬᡣ
Ⱦ߱ѩס˴룬ȴַ̧ȥ
㿵Ӱ׵⻬㱼ֻصǾҹЪС
ЩٿһЩ׷ǵģӰ
ŽŲżٿһӰײ˹
ȾͷײԷϡ
һ㶿ǰӰ
԰ӣڵûѪɫ
ͤķӦȴǱһս
ۣҪ˵̾ĵΪβߣ
ɤͬռĺ
Ⱦǰ֮ˡ
ָǱģǽȴӲʣŲɿ֡
Ǿˮ£ҲлӰ
Ⱦҧ´γݼµӿ
ͤҪҾ͵ߣҾͷǵǲǣŮɤڣƾʲôȫһ˵㣬ƾʲô
δ˵꣬ΥõĻС
Դѣͤϵ㱻ҩĿɬζǣҩζ˳ƳŮ
ͤأЦ˳иֹʡ
˵ģȻ㡣ͤ⣬ӽ󣬶˵ɺá
Ⱦûп
ůϢͤȻȻؽľѴ
㿿ȾŲЩʱգͤһ룬ȻԼҲƮƮġ
÷·һ룬ܹͥԺеѩһ뱻Ūȥ
Ⱦһţԭڰеֻرס
궯˶ԭ໰˵ȴֻһ䣺ʲô
.
̫ظĳﶯܿʢ͵յˮ˽
ͤո˼ȣţǴڵࡣ
ԵˣΪȾ׼
ѩⱸɿܲʢɰٷŵС¯ţ˳Űཹɢ
Ⱦæһգżʳָ󶯡
ͷ˹سһžüꤵĸů⡣
̧ͷ߱ͤײ
Ⱦ򴽣㡭ҪҪҲζ
ͤ˵ͷ
ŮôƲϵȣҨ
ӷŵߴ˴ȷϲ֮󣬽ͤٹȥ
֣ͤ˰
̫ظλȻĺ֣ûаζܲԼ΢
ӿͤõ壬𽥻˹
ʶҲָѺ侲
ԵȾһιʱͤûж
Ů΢΢ɻһһ俪ڣ⣬㲻Ϊ򱨴ңǿԼߡ
ҽģܣӦõġ
Уһ졣
ȾĬվ
ͤʶҪס̧ȴַ£ճȭ
ۣûȥȾ
ֱŮϸӰ
Ⱦûͤǰ뿪ԽԽֱ˫ִϡ
𣿡
ӯӯ˸ͤҶ⣬㲻ֵһ𣿡
ͤڣȾ㳯ȥ
ѵˮһĺ󣬶ȾأǱ
ͤȾǹȥ
ŮʱǺҲ·мɬ
ͤͫ⧲ս
뽫ƿܿ죬ͤˮ֮˷Լ硣
̧֣סŮհѭž飬Ϊ
Ⱦ޷ƿ
ֱͤ׹ˣڣ⣬Ҳֵá
ֵֵã˵㡣
ȾݹأýȢӣҪ뿪㣬Ǿдһ飬ùٸ֤ҡ

ͤǲܡ
飬˵ҪжٰǵĹȢ
һһգԼҪˣסѰ»
ͤţ޷మ
귽һ˿Գ֣̼仯ޣֻʣ޾ִ֡
סöȾ촭
⣬ҸģԼߣӽҲ뿪ǡ
ǵһ̡
.
ͤ󣬵ҹ׼ٰ̻
ʣʱ䲻ˣֻڴ֮ǰЩ֮ǵصһᣬͤܰȥ
ȾȰҲ١
Щʱգٰ̫ӣʶеˣΪλż
ڻس̵ͤҲڿЩۡ
ʷɶȾš
Ӿˣͤ㣬ȾҲ֪λظϵ鷳£ֽ볯
֪ͤͨʤд档
Ⱦ΢ɰˣкܶòõĵط
ͤ⣬һֱûòá
Ⱦֻһ䡣
Ӿˣͤⷬ⡣


97 
º, ִٰ
ѩǧͣѩеٰװع, չ
ʥϼݱ࣬ʳΣиС˼
ͤظͷһգǰݼĳӶҪָ̤ż
ЩӴſ壬иС̡
ϧͤ鷿Уɫóĵò԰ףֹݣϰֲƴǰ˵ء
ԭű˼Щ, ֻȥ
ע⵽Դ˿£ֻ˵ͷĥīСˣǶղǰ¶
ҹʱ֣á
ͤסŮϸ󣺡, ɶˣ
Ⱦͷлĺ, , ䷮, ٰ¡
ͤϵķ˿õ󣺡ǵñҵҪöࡣ
ָ纮
Ⱦ˫ס, ͷͷԸ, Щ̼
ʵٶ̼ûã֪ͤ, ȴûг
鷿̼յü, ůʹŮ߳һ㱡, Ǻһ㡣
ڰ׷ˮģǹеؿͤ
ͤ΢˳Ƹȥ
΢ĴӣʱֻС̽ܿͱ⼳ȡů

Ⱦ۽޲˲ûпͻǡ
֫ͤġ
ͤŮշת.۴۵ˮ٣󱡴ŶȾգĶ
ɺã
ͤں˵
ǰҹɲġ
֪ͤѪҪƷζȾȴûľܾ
̼ƺùͷ
ۣűĶȾԾƿҪȼʶͤ纮ȥ
Ǻ̫Ů΢΢ȴû
ƺüĥȥů麮ȴˡ
Ⱦҧס´ӯӯ
ͤڼǰһڷָ䡣
Ʒ˿ƺҲڷŲʲô
ͫУӳȾԭѩ׵ļ͸Żĵۡ
ý˺޲ֹܹȥ
ϧȴٲˡ
.
ͤŵʱӺֻص˴ǰ
ѳֳÿæڹ£ȾҲûţ鷿Ϊĥīӡ
ղ˭û޽Ĺƶڰ㡣
ֱһգȾͤ˯Լԣδͬհ
һţסֻ֣úǡ
ʳûв͸ǽӻԲѵϢձ㴫ٰǡ
ǰЩͤȥĴֽҸȼ
ԻΪ׵ʮԱָ鷿⡣
ӽι仹ڻһ׵ϡ
Ⱦվ£ĿɨЩʱԼҪ򶨵öࡣ
ЩʱգͤĽ̵£ԤϵЩ˻
׵ۣ쾭塣
ֻµѧĺͯι֮ܣ
Щ󳼲벻㡣
Ǳˣɵͤ콫ıȨ¶ֻǳǰ
ȾףΪ֮ˣ䣿
΢ڡ
䲢ûн⿴С
û뵽һ̣˵Ļúձ
˵δǰλ輧ǳ谮̧Ϊ檲˵ĺӣڵճǰͷݴΪʦ
ǰĺ˵⡭
ȾûпǽĿ䣺ȳ֮£˼ȻҲڳ˵˵Ƿ
ȶԷڣֵˣҵǲ׮¡
ǰзżĵУ˵˵׵ܵܣȥƿף濼³֮ɱڣð浽ٸȴڰתºʽ򣬿д£
䷮ƽͷ亹ֱðǳˡ
Ⱦͷ˹æһʱҲ
˵գͷԸ˴
Դ׼λ濼ţ濼ĴܵһԺС
Ȼ˽пգ͵ʵĺá
ȾϾ˱滨ϡ
һ裬ǳһںλڣ֤Է˵Ʒвɷ֮¡
ƽĵܷܵԼֳǰεĴ䣬Ϊˣ㳡档
òʣ¿޺ع
磬һһʱģ֪ߵغ㲻˵ھû𡭡
ˣƽĻƿףһ׮ǲ֮ˣ
˵ţ첽һԻеĳ鹵ϣ籾Դ˸ɾʡ÷䵽ΣҪ̣ʳ
δ䣬䷮ƽֵȥ
ɲʱѪӿǷͷ­ʱϻžı顣
Ǵδ뵽ֳΪԱϧҪ
ԭڵϱƹ˻Ȼ׷ܿѪԼϡ
䷮ƽгأѵһ졣
˫ĿѪ죬겻ͻвʣһ¡
˻һԵĹԱҲ
䣬۵ëˣòȥ¡
ǰǰӻһؼҽء
˵Ҽҷ˽ҸЩȥǡ

Ż˵Ժӣתۼ䶼ߵøɾ
鷿ǰͥԺѪϢ
ȾеĲյžһ鵽ϣסؿڣתʼŻ
ѩҶʵɻã
ȾҡҡͷӹݹĲˮڣ¡
ûٻͷֻԸʰɾ͵丮ȥ
ȻָǵϷͷʬ
ǡ
ѩҶæ֧ʹ˰¡
ȾûٶͣվͷҲصسԺȥ
.
޷֮Уɬҩζ
Ⱦһһߵߣ˴ء
ֱһ̣类㵹ȥͤͷˡ
֪˯е겻ܴૣ̵úܺãҶˡ
ǰûнǿ
Ⱦۿɬס֣ǰҲҪӦЩ𣿡
ǲֹ
һˣŵĹֵ٣ĲѪȣԶԼҪϰٱ
ô࣬Ӹλ䷱
ͤЩòãȾڣ
֪˵ȥ
Σ
ֳ˵ƶ˻˯ԽԽãֱ˯޷
ϣǸľ


98 
ת, 㵽ס
ǰʥϲţûӰ쵽Ѱչڵ顣
Ҽһŵƽ, ҷգϲϲӭꡣ
ָҲ⡣
ǰȾһɱӺٸҵͷ񣬶ͤγ˵֡
ÿæӣøйڵȻȻɵٷֵ
ԵϦҹʱȾ鷿æµ
ִʵЩᷦ, ŷٰϿյ̻񲻾ڶ
Ⱦ̧ͷ貣ԭһѾͷˡ
ͷȥһʵ
ŮڳСӶʳ̽ݣ֪æ, ǲΪ˳ʳ
вͷʢ, һСơ
Ⱦûʲôθ, ֻΪ˲ٵʢ, ÿ˶һСڡ
ƣãûͣ
ֱٵһξʱ, Ⱦʡ
ǿվ, Ӻ졣
СӼ״ǰȾȴҡҡͷ, Լߵö
˵, ҡҡλ, Գ޷ķȥ
.
ɴ֮ڴ֮˺ûв˿
Ⱦƿʣڴ£˫۱صͤԳҡҡͷ
룬ΪϲԴڳϦҹͬԼ˵ϰ仰
ס֣ͤɲǡ
Ⱦоһ㣬ֻյøЩ
´֡
˵ţǳŲס⣬ͤߡ
ϲûдҲ̫̣ʮպͤٴ
ѩɫ÷㸡ڳȼ䡣֪ϢĶȾȹڴ鷿С޷ͩ͵ľȵõŵ졣
ֱǰͤŲ߹ȥ
ɫ԰ףů˸
֣ͤ˱뻳Уˡ
šȾҲǡ
ůͤŵЦɤЩʱգҶúԷǡ
ͤ¹µĴǳϦ
ȾҡͷѾ³ʮˡ
𣿡ͤϧ׼´Ǵˡ
ҪġȾοǻԪ𣿹ԪգкʳڣϦ
ʾ֭֮ÿһա
·ͤܳþ
šͤǹյԪڣҳȥɺã
.
ת
ԪҹķȫȻϦҹ
ŵƽʵ֮ϣֵСȺȥײͷҲܿ
Ⱦ֣ͤЩײ
һֻУյ˿ƣͤСתһյ
ԪҹŹ󣬶Ⱦ㽫յѰ˳
ϻһƲδˤơ
ټŮÿһʱձὫȡã治մ
Ʋδȼŵ˺ӱٷš
ͤͣͣʱפգʱС̯£ҪԪһԡ
ȾҧŴƤ֥˳
һԪ˹ԪͤʱѾ磬ǳֱӾȥӱ߷Żƣ
ͷֳֵúܣ֧ͤȥء
ͤ׵һ٣۽ޣ´Ӧá
.
˳ԹԪٽֵĺӱߣˮѾƯյ˷Ļơ
沨ϵǺ̻
ȾȡԼյƣҪûӵ
ͤشȡһӰŵĵģҪһģ
Ƶĸ㣬ͷ׺Ÿɻ
𻨸⣿
ųһԪʵȾȻͤŵģܷܲһ⡣
ƽͤһö𻨸⡣
һյƴӶ˸ǰƯ߱ЩȾͤɫ䴦մһףõۡ
𻨸ġ
ԭ𳢳ζĶȾ
˿ʯ̯ѵòڵȥҡһŻơ
á
ͤ¡
ҹɫƫƧûԵˡ
ԲͣЪ̻ҲţȴǴӺԶĵطȼġ
ֻˮĻơ
·һ̣ؼֻˡ
ȾЩɣкܶ໰˵ȴʲôû˵ֻԹ𻨸⡣
ͤĬָڻƵĵҶĦ
յƳ֣ϤٲӴӳ֮£˿̫۵һ֡
֣ͤ֡
Ϊ֪С˼
ͤԭΪȾյյƣӦԼ
ôƣ˵ķϣӦյơ
٣ַȥգܹһֱһ֪Ҳûϵ
Ⱦ˹𻨸⡣
ȡӣͤڿԷŵ𣿡
š
ͤӦţ޳ָӹеĻӣȼм
ϸС΢⣬͸ɫĻ꣬һ򿪣ˮ̻С
ȾСؽŵˮϡ
ƹ֮£ӳճգ֮ˮۣ̱ӣ
ŮȹڴĽ˿ĵԡ
ǧյУ۵¡
ͤǸˮԪҹѾǰ
ڰ¥УעżɥȪŮˮд
׷Ͼˣõһ֣ȴطš
Դˣͤʱֻᷳü
ʲô
ɤͤ˵¡
ܹ
ͤȻֹ
ʮ꣬ೡϣ׷плԼضΣٲصޡ
ʱЦΪӣѶʱ򣬲ǳ˵ΰˡ
ҲΪԼЦĴˡ
ǵֻҲŮ޲ôδԼ
ͤûʲôǡһЩҪ¡
Ⱦͷ˴ǻЩȥա
˵ţվ
ͤվȴûж˰£һһҪ͸⡣
ͻľϲжȾͫ
ͤȡǷһѻذס
ϲƤǶҫ۵貱ʯľ飬ٰȨĵ͵ݻ
Ⱦھ̫ظƵģֻȲǰذ׾
ͤذ׽ϣο˵ʡ
䵶ˣȾס
ָͤסֱһɻ֣
Ⱦ˳ס̵ġ
Ҳһ̣͵ͬƽĵ棬ӳͤڵӡ
ҲգͫȻһĨɫ¶ҪһѴõ¡
ȾܵҪɿϵذףȴΪʱ
ͤס֣Լؿڲȥ
Ҫ
ŮȻʧ
顪
Զĳǽϣը̻Ⱦ˻ȫȻڸǡ
Ժһѣ
ܳһʱȾ̻ͬŵʧĹԼ˭ʲô
ֱѪ˳ŵϡ
ʲô
ɱͤ
Ⱦţ˵
̧֣Ҵǰ֮ˣ֡
δ䣬ͤλ˻Σͷȥ
ȾæҪסָֻסһر䣬Ҳܿˮָﻬߡ
ֻͤ׹ˮ֮Уˮ
ʺѪˮοĻƯͷ
˼䲻Ǵ˵￪ɳ
ͤ
ȾҲ룬ҪȥˮǸ³Ӱӡ
֮ȴ˽סˣ⣬ҵŮ
ȾعͷһϤף
󣬻δĵ
ǲѴǹٻ磬ΪҪٰˣ
һʱ䣬Ⱦð⣬ȴʲôûüʳڡǰδеƣ볯ϮܿƵȥ
˯֮ǰȾ뵽ų븹еĹ𻨸⡣
ͤʲô


99 
, ʳз¡
һͤԪҹΪԼ, δ
ڶ£Ѵǹٻ̫ξػٰ
詶ƣŮȾǰΪͤҳɱΣΪ֪顣
֮Ȼ򣬲Ż˵ȴף֮١
վޣڣ˺󣬶Ⱦ, ѡӶθܶ
ҹͤѪˮ̳֮£ھдǷз
ԣڶⷬ˵ǣðٹٻǷ, Ųɡ
뵽ǰ, ǶμСʱΪ˼޸, ֳǽ֪Ц, ˲ꡪ
䣬޳
˵ͤش, ڰЩжǡ
ֻδ, ǰžϢĽѵ˼, Ⱦ䡣
ֵͤµĵɽ, ˲еġ
ձȨ, λȨأȽ뼺Ӫдá
ϧÿ˭ţԳƲԽոլţǰݷõһӻҡ
.
θլԺ֮С
ƲĴ󽫾ϥڶȾǰ˫־̴ľУȻõι
Ϸ֮Уת
Ⱦ԰ϣë˲
ǹȥͤɵϰߣʵпɻȣ
оз׵һн׵
еķˣȻǷǱ
Ϊ٣ǳ콫ʱë
ͣ亮Ϯ
Ⱦû˵Ŀƿ⡣
Ժоδ䣬ֻǲľøߴЩ
Ժǽǿʱͬשݳɵǽһߣȴðǽͷߡ
֦ѾչͺͺƤ޶·ԶῪѿ㡣
ȾٲЩʱգѩ׵Ļ֮࣬Ҷ񣬹ʵۡ
յֻ֣֦һ졣
ѭոһ긴һꡣ
ԣһսΪȥ
˵Ҳһ
ˡȾջߣڣ콫ܿԸңͤʲô
ûӵȷһЩ
ǰ̣Լᡣ
Ը⣬ɽι׵λ֮ϵٹ⡣
ԸͬҳӻϵܽĶǨ
ȻԼµĲࡣ
Ⱦûб飬ϲ
ӻгתһ仰ͷ˵ϣ޺
ȾЦˣģ˫©
֪ͤɱԼضھʹࡣ
껹ѡ޷ǾҪȾμסҲ
һԣΪԼЩɣ
þòֵԸܣɳΪܣҪԸˡ
ʵм£һֱܺ档ȾȻʵ콫ͤ׷ǹʣΪҪ
һ٣֮У꣬ǽ۵С
һýͽ˫˫ıըУ˫Ҳըˡ
ļգãʬɽѪ֮УܺҴĵǻ
Щһһȥ첻Ӧеصز飬ΪԼһҲעҪڴˡ
ʱһλСС귭ÿһʬ̽ѰǵϢ
ϵⲻʮС꣬ǽͤ
Ȼͤ£˫޷жˣ޿һҪѰ
ԹԾɱͤײ
ͤδοֻ俴֪ҪѰұ㲻طȻ㡣
ЦС˶ԲӣĿģֻǸ޸ĸĹ¶ղսĵҲûܶ
ˣѵܵظžֵۣͤ꣬͸úúûȥҵǵ֣ΪǱ𡣡
֮ҲûѰ
ͤΪκ˫ȡ
֮սڳΪ٣ͤӦϡٺ£ȾͶ֪òࡣ
׷ѵ֪꣬ǲۿ
̧ͷֻȾȥβᡣ
ȾʵͤΣ
ճ˵ؿڱ̴û֪ΪΣֻǻԲѡ
Ⱦһ
Ԫҹضθ֪ͤΡ
ԶȾԣûϢõϢͤϢҴ
˵Ůǰ಻סվͷȥ

µͼæϡ
.
ȾԺſڣײˡ
⡣ԷסҪȥ
סŮ궯˶ûڣǡ
η̾ĳͤһıȫΪ㡣ʱóȻǰָǹĿģ
ԼŮηжһ˿󣺡⣬ģͰڼвУ
Ⱦǰס
ǵǰ뿪ٰʱ׻˿ޣ˿Ϊ󸾵Ӻȡ
¶η˵ķ˿䣬ȴ˿׷
ȾΪԼģӦٺ
ŮŲ˰벽
η΢ɲ˿
һ룬ȴȾȹڣǰ¡
Ů֪ԼִҪͤὫǣˮС
ȾһһͤҰݹأýķޣδ֮
̧ͷˮӯӯ
ͤΪңŻ㾳׽̵ŮӦ֪ͼǴʱϵ壿
Ⱦ鴹䣺߳θĴţ׺͵Ѹ£ԼĸԸҪͤ٣ŮаԹԡ
η˾þûг
Σ̾ϢһȾǰһֱ㵱ӣȴ֪ѳˡ
ÿ߰ɡ
Ⱦһϲ߳ȴִη˵ɤסԶǵ۰ŮۺʱǶվ󡣡
ǡ
Ⱦ䡣
ûгɣ޲һ̾ۼͤ
θţֻһİͣ
һֻƿһλˣǸ׵۵ķǱ
ǱûüȾתԣͷһ˳
䴩С˵ѣٲȻһλ߱Ŀɫѩ׵Ůӡ
վΣӭ϶ȾԴɻĿ⡣

Ůӵ˿Ұöδİȡ
ȾĿ䡣
ѩ֦ǰͬԼ̹׹ǰȵˣҲָܰʹԼˮ
µĹƶ
ڰǷǱķϣȾԿӦӦڹŶԣΪҪθ
Ҫ󷶴˽Ҵ
ͬǰһ㣬˵ʱϹŵЦ
ڸȥθӡȾҪʲô£ﾡ˵ա
ҡͷأﲻ˵壬ѰһƧ֮˵
Ⱦû뵽̹ȻƾʲôΪһ£
һԷǱҪ˵ʲôƳλ˻Σֽס
Ⱦע⵽ȵ١
ó׵ĸڹйƺá
ˡ
Ⱦ


100 
Ⱦȴ͵, ŮŶȥš
ûˡȾ˵¡
, ¡ȵĹƶѰ˽ⶾķӡ
ȾĿⶨ棿
𰢹ȵΪɵþ裺ΪνղͻȻң
ȱܶ𣺡֪ڵĹƶʲô֣
ȶȾش˹һλ˴ϰãΪβܹ˯в֪
ҩأ
ȾĻ
ƶûе׷֮ʱάסӵ, ؼһʱ
ԭˡ
Ⱦļ٣ȴҲֻȼ˵ȥ
β֮ûнҩҲӲҪ⿪ΪȥһֱΪ, ֱȥ꿪ʼ, ʱʱӻԲѵϢ
, Ⱦ̲ס༥Ϊ㻹ǵ֮֡
ɫ糣, ûзҲûгϣӲ¡
ͤǳ£бضӭµĲܣȨƻ
Ǹʱ, Ȳұ֤, Լδĺӣѧ׵ܹƽȥ
һ䵽·ߵľ, ػİ֮, ܻᱻƳ
ͤķǽȾڵĹƳƵԼϡ
ȵķӱ, һԱβΪ׺ݵĹƳ棬ӹȥԵβĸƽ⡣
ֻƳѰ֮꣬ʮأҲһԡ
ͤǲܵȵġ
Ѫñ֮ˣԼԽʱΪꡣ
ȾԼ˰ȵĻ
˼ǡܹ׺ݵĹƳ棿
ˣȫҲ޼˭أ
ȾŰȣͷʶһ㡣
ιڵβΪ׺ݵĹƳ棬ɻˣ
ȻлҪơ
ϸֵЦ⣬ʶиҲˡ
ϣ̧֡
ֻŮϸֻʣǼܵ䣬͸ѩ׼£ȻʲôӼţͬӰ䶯
Ⱦüͷ𾪸סθвʣ㡭ѾⶾĹƳˣ
Ȳ޼һֻ˷Ӧɿ컮ļ
Ѫ䵽ѩɫȹϣ
ȾͫһȻŷԸŮȥ򡣡
ͷˡ˿ֻӦһ£ܹȥ
ȾعһöУֻһһĸĹƳ棬ѱװƴĺ
ֻƳ뿪壬ǰһƱ˻ǣɫֽͬ˵Ϣ
ȾٿֻҪ˺˵£ҶӦ㡣
˫ۣƴڹΨһѪһǡ
µŹƣȵѪ֮ѱĸͿգǿ֮ĩ
ϣһƬ׹⣬֮УһλʱϤӰ
βһ᣺𣿡
У̧Ѫֻ֣ˡ
һ̣ڲֻԼĺӣǻصʮǰ±˰ĺӡ
ڰǣŰ֣ȥʻҰĲݵ
ǣϲ綯ѵĺһᷢҹϢ
.
²˳٣ȾװֻƳ棬ҴҸָ
ĸ뿪Ѫ֮òιʮֽ겻﷭ڡ
һ㱡͸񣬹Ƴ淭䶯ĶȾġ
µı޹ǵĳӣοɷֵĹƳ档
Ⱦҧס
糤ڰеּһƹ⣬ȻƷҲֵĿܡ
һ·ɱθţԸŷȥǣһƥ졪
ŷɵС㡭ǿҪˣ绹
޷ȾĻЩȥǣ
ŷٶԣæȥǣһƥϺð
Ⱦдؿڴ
Ϊӡ֤ŷ˵ĻͻȻٰϿա
ϵĳңǽϵҶԱŪ
Ⱦɳۣˮʶۿʳսݡ
תۼ죬䣬˴ҴҶ㵽±ꡣ
Ⱦһ·ͨ裬ӹ֮ʣˮɸߣ
䵽ϣҵۡ
Ⱦûзٶȣаӡ
ϵɽס
ϤָԽԽȾĻ֮£ģģźǰʯ롣
ſڴŷ̤Ҳ֪Ǻżæ̽ͷȥ
һʱ־ϲϷһλŮȻԼ
Ƕ̫æֻȾδڵϲȣڵˤ
Ӵŷæǰӭô꣬
ȾˤһӣæĿڴȥ
йƳ궯
΢˿¿ڸУ
ڵġŷЩʱգûȥҽݣڸӡ
˵꣬Ⱦᳵ·ؽͤ޷
ãؾΪͤ
űܵÿϲŮԭصü両һ˿Ȼã
š
Ⱦͷ֮ˡ
ǰͤνͬϼֽһ㵥
Ⱦһɬ˲˸УװŹƳͬؾ˵Ļһ顣
ؾӹУƬ̺ȷǸ취
ؾ밢ͬһΪʦѧҽǹ
±Ҳֻһԡ
ؾȾĸΪ⿪βƳ꣬˴ţǻʧأá
Ⱦ˼һۻԲѵͤȻǧ㻰Ҫ˵Ҳֻҧҧȫ˳ȥ
ʱϢĵҲ˹
ĶȾʵΪβȥ
ȾͷڽƵ¸ߵ٣ֽʳָȵҡҡͷʾĪҪֳ
֣꣬ߵԶ¡
Ȼʱü飬Ҳù˺Լǣô죬ܻʪܵģ
һѣȾŲʪżһŮݲסɫ׵ˮݹ
ԺæŮˮ裬ΪȾҳϴ󴩵ĺ¡
ȾһϴҪȥͤ
Ȱֳͷû˴ϢǶȻǼ黹ѣͷִ󣬵ȥţŪԼӡ
ޣ찵ǿҪ
ȺЪţͽȥţǼ˶֪̾㡣
ù󣬶Ⱦ˵ͷ
Ů˫Ŀʧպڰ׷ˮʧ˹
зᣬСΪӣȻûµġ
š
ˮܿƵȾۡ
賿ؾͷʼûдϢ
֪ȾļδȥʣõĻظȴʼû䡪ؾûд޷뿪Ծͤ
ӣֵȾ侲
ͤʲô⣬á
ǽ꣬ͷԻصÿҪŲסҲ̣ˡ
ȾԸΪԼģˣɵϣ˫ȴһֱûбϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãƣ糱ˮϮۡ
һҹΡ
ȾٴʱŮС˵û𣿡
ûУۻˣ˶ĪҪѣЪϢ

̾δͣסºشĵĽŲСһܹϲصȥ֪ˣֻ»š
δ䣬͵ر˴򿪡
Ⱦ㶿ˣ㡭ŵĻ˵һ飿
ˡ
ָģʹС
һأĲΡ
չۣȾճǰ벽ȴǰһ󷢺ڣӷ
ɸϹĵٷסã
¡
ȾҡͷӲҪߡ
һصûȰŮһͤ޷
.
޷֮УͤƵЪϢ
ؾķԸƿܾΥʿ
м£µͭ嶣죬꿴Ŵľ
ڣֳ
ſڴĽŲͤҪ˵Ļ΢һüǵ٣ɩɩ
ɤͬ߹ˮĴ񣬻һ˿Ͳڵĵơ
Ⱦԭأмֽӣʹǰ
ڣͤĿ⳯ƹ
ڵУĪӳε⡣
Ⱦһţ򡪡
һڣͤȴĻС㣿Ϊλڱ˸У


101 
, ͤϵˣΨң
Ⱦ֪, ͼؾõһĴ𰸡
ؾ̾ǹƳĸãҲϵ
ŮˮƻС
ܹȻѾܿˣֳЩʱ̫ۣȥЪϢɣڡ
Ҳáؾοö飬ָܻļ䡣
.
һ˫Ȼ, עͤｻ̸ˡ
ֳ̬ȣͤòȷţλС㣬ȷԼķޡ
ͤҲû뵽Լгɻһա
ͬ詵Ů
ͤһ, ѾߴѩҶʮ壿
ʮ, ҲѩҶкηԸ
ʱɵĻ飿
Ԫʮ, ʮһ³塣
γɻ飿
ѩҶ˶٣, Ȼ̫.͵Ļ顣
𣿡ͤǹһ˿䳰Ȼˡ
ŮװûɻѰ·, ̫ͬξŮɻ, ڻòȢ
ͤҪȥ, ֻȾתԼ߹
, ϵ꣺ûоò, ʲô
ͤˮУԼӰ
λСм䣬ʮǰ
ʱپʺǰ¡еĺͯԱū°ߣԼͬһľ
ȾڳʱûϺȡ
Ǹʱͤû
ֻֻٰ֪̰ͼֵĳûкøУڵ֪Ƕ詵Ůиɱ
ȶȾͤ뿪ٰԶ߽
ϵгһۣȻΪԼ
ۣͤĿڶȾֱϵ账
ͤûпȵ³֣Ը˵Ҫһˡ
Ⱦһ㶣ӲŸպãţڸΪ
˻һԭѾҪȥҲͣ¶ƺǾͤĻ
ͤüͷ΢
ͷˣж˼⣺ʲôȥ
һæӦ£Ī֣ūȥ
ӵĶȾһԣͤվʱ΢΢ζ
æǰҪȴ֣ܿǿվȣС£ͷС㡣
䵭裬Դİ·֮ˡ
Ⱦۿ죬ͤԶʧԺ⡣
΢ȹڣþԭء
ǰδеƣϯȾǰһ󷢺ڣҪ¡
ѩҶסϳ죬ִæԸŮȥд򣬾˵ˡ
.
鷿⣬ֳַĴ̫¸ش˸Ƿ
߱Ứڣģ֮УƼһԼķʻ
¸һҪ֪ܹڹгģҲֻӵ¡
˲ö룬æʯӭǰȺͣ¡
ƿ߳˾ͤ
¸Ҳû뵽δӣͻȻ䰲ȻڹС
ֻãɫĮ
ֱʱŷӦæ񣺡ӡ
ͤδ̧߹ȥ鷿С
¸˶վԭλֵٲǰ¡
ԼĪ鷿дҡ֮ͤڴ
¸æȥӦ֪кηԸ
Щӡͤ˱۸һԲѵʱ򣬿Ǻģ
¸ֻּֽۣ˷Ůá
ǵˣ̫ǰЩʱӲãЩӶдġ

ͤüû뵽õĴ𰸡
Ҳ˵ЩۣȫǶȾԿвְ䲼
ͤʶԼʧǰλСȷЩ
ʣй˽棺ӣ콫
̧֣ͤʾ¸ȥ콫
콫ݺعһݣӷ׻Ǽࡣ
콫ˡ
ͤӦգһУµʲô¡
Ȼ콫˫ֽϣιǰгת£ʱԭ
ǶȾ
ͤĿʹЩӡ
ιҪ֮ﶼܸǰԼĪǱ˽ͷϲûͷɣ
ԭûס߶һ䣺˵ĩԭΪӴ󲡳᲻ͣҲŶԡ
ͤͷ͡˼նȾӰ㣬벽Ҳ벻ã
뵽븮ǰƺԶȾΪԼĻЩȥ
λС㣬ǰ㵥֪ЩֶΡ
ͤû֪ʧ֮£ǲɫ⣬̸¡
ߺж˼ɫָһûһ桪
ԲЩʱգվ˰಻סˡ
絽ͤû뿪鷿
˲ٴ󳼣ôô򣬸üνļν
һ췣갷˲еС˼
ֱ죬鷿ûˣͤŵЪϢ
ǳһڲ裬Ŀ䵽̯ϣԼոдȥĻ
ŵּУ˼ֲ
ͤǵãǰԼӦʲµģǼʱģνּоųơ
̫Ϣ߽ӣʱǲ磬Ҫūű
ءͤĻҹҾڹЪϢ
¸е죬ȴûжԣǣūͽ˱ˮ̴
.
ͤڹһЪա
󲡳£ʵæµ
鷿ټ󳼣Ƶʱ֣ǲɢˡ
̫಻ڵؽʵӿҪţ
̧֣޳ָüģƣ֮УԺĪȻһ
նȾԼǰˮ٣в١
ءͤʹؿڣ˱
δ䣬鷿⴫ʻӿ鷿
Ůɤͬҹ΢
ͤһǹ˹òٻظ̽С
ȹӦͤѿڣ
鷿ĵű֨ѽƿϡ
Ⱦ鷿Σȴ㲻ŵʱ򡪡ͤ뿪ʱǧ֮Į
׵ϸָʶսеʳ֡
Ⱦǰͷͤͷαûпк£
鷿ûˣ΢΢ͷĻֻ
ȾУ⡣
򴽣˵⼸նţҴŹ
ۣͤи⡣
СǱ²СںլȴĶƿصһ
±Ҫˣй¶Ϣ֮ʸˡ
æҲúŲǡ
Ⱦߵľԣʳһڳ
ʱ̫¸Ŷ룬СʵкηԸ
ͤӶ
¸ͷ飬ȴȵͤڣ£ȳȥûҵķԸκ˽
˵գͤߵľ¡
Ⱦְڳ˫꣬ͤҲţӦǲһ𣿡
Ůڰ׷ӣˮһ㡣
ͤҲ֪ԼΪͻȻ⣬Ƿ곡Ϸ¶ٲҲ١
ţͤСȻǷޣֺαؿ
˵ţš
Ⱦ˿ҲŶ˿ӡ
˵ĳ඼ǼõģһٷԵúǰʱд׻ڵĴ졣
ͤԭϷȾû뵽ҹķȴɿڡ
ĶԷڷﶯֽţԷſš
ЩʱգѵгԵʵʱ̣磬߷ֱ
ǶȾĲɣһСһСڣͬһ㡣
ͤͣ磬Ҳæ¿꣺ЩˣǷϲθڣɻϲ
ŮУԶ׼ڼ
ͤͼ֪һٷԼһǰʲô
ʱȾվſڣҲڴؿ
ϧʧ
ͤĪĿ⣬͸Լ壬Ҫһˡ

˵Ⱦֵ͵ͻ
пɡ
ͤ䲻
ȻյʧٶȳС
ȾɫȻȴǿž񣺡ϲպÿնͷ
ˡ
ͤĻƽæúܣϾ˹š
ȾͷȥúӦá
ͤûеȵ˵ʲô
ȾʰʳſڵȻȥˣҲЩЪϢ
˵գվ
ŮȹڴĵƣͤǰһĨɫ
ָͤ˶ʶҪĨɫס
Ȼһ룬Ⱦȴλ˻Σ
ּͤۿ죬˫ֿ뻳С
û¡
껰ȥ
ͤԼһʱˣ㱻ģɱΡ
ͤĿŮƿ䵽ȹµѩ׽״
ϸĽ׼䣬ȻϵһϸϸϣС
ŶȾҪĶ죬žҹз
ͬŵС¹ճּȥѰ
ԭݺϸ΢ԼĴ
ͤ˳սŮ˫סĶ
Ŀԣŵ詽̳ŮֻЩֶΣ
Ļͬһˮ
Ⱦ΢΢
ƫͤĹǽڷָȦסĽףָޣ㲦ŪŽ壺
˭㵽ģֶ׾ӣ
ȾԼʲôҧ
ͤȴѵԵʵӴһ򡪡
ев١
Ⱦףͤʧ䣬Լʲôóġ
ɤڣûκˣңԼҪġ
Ⱦβ֪߳ˮ
ͤ뿪ָһֱûлȾȾ纮ڴֱշźЩ
ֳǰյУǽļ䣬ǹƳֶйأòŶʹǰһദ̼ļ䡣
Ⱦ˱÷ˣٳǰԥֽʰĽϵڽ׼䡣
ǰͤ.ʱ⽫ŪһһĶ
ָһ·ϣ첻ϣȾÿʱÿ̶еԵ߳ܣ޲ý䳶
ͤЩԼ
ͷȡ衣
Ⱦʣµƻȥǲţȥ飬òˡ
裿
ͤƫͷʲôЦĻ
ԼĽסֻСˤòᡣ
Ȼ裬ֺαҪͰ͵
ͤ˸ڶȾ״ĳָûɿ
ƳŮӵľӨ飬ԭЩĻͷȴɰͰ͵ĻԶС㣬ֻǼʽ£̲סһ䡣
˵꣬ͤһ䣺СĪҪ֡
ͤûʶԴȣλķʮֿ
ȻһһĶС㣬ȾѴ嵶ӡ
˵Ĺϵֻصԭ㡣
ǰĶȾţ»һǻѪȥůͤ
ͷ
Ⱦһ飬ɲඥͤǵˣΨԼõİš
ȻˣԼֺαǿ
УҲգؿͤ
ɫĳ£o㲻Ⱦ
͸߸ϣմ.Լۡ
ȾҧһʲôеĳɻԸңպҲǡ
ͤü
˵ʲôȾֵͷӵɿ֣ߡ
ǸͤǰĶСʲôͷ͸ʶࡣ
ɲ֪ΪΣŮҪߣͤ޶з£塣
ߣ
ͤǵûɿס˫֣ս·ֻҪһ֣Ⱦͻʧ
괽ǹһĨ䳰
ڿ˵Լӣôݲȥˣ
ͤƫ˳⣺СΪûв·ǰƾʲô㣿
Ⱦдţ⼸ձίڴ˿̱ͤ㡭쵰
ͤΪȻ˴̫ࣺûҵķԸ˭Ҳ鷿𣿡
¸սսӦ£֪Сֵĳ
뵽Ůαװͤ鶸Ȼת硣
̧Ů°ͣСϸʲô̹׵ģˣٷҲ١
˵գͤɿ֣
Ⱦڲ֦ƺ̺ϣֻͷۻ
ôҲû뵽ʧͤӡ
ŮһԲ˰Σֱ΢ЩŻߵ齱ߣٺ¡
ͤԼӣģǾȥա
Ͳţͤܽص
˯ȥǰȾЩ롣
.
ͤԣԭҪۡ
ֽžּȴһӯӯص
ͤ˱ۣӷŻϡ
ûжλСӦ˯ˡ
˯㡣
ͤȻ˱ˮϴҲԹɵ˴ϡ
һɴ˷ִߡ
ƽû˯ôʱۣͤȴʼѡ
һƬżзɶ˵ɴϡ
ԼĪһʱͤһ˿̫ѰĶŮϸɤͬè㣬ʱʱ̡ܵ
ͤ˼ִǰ
ӨֻͣȾƴС͸ŲĺΣ۵Ĵ΢΢ѡ
С㣿
ͤü
ָ⴫⣬˯еŮûӦ
Ⱦ
ûж
Ρͤ򴽣з꣬ˣȥ̫ҽ


102 
Ӵҹ, ̫ҽԺԺ״Ҵҩ
ԺΪȾȾ纮ӦЩʱ, ҹƫַˣϷͿҩ
š
ͤӦ
̶ȾѩҶǺʱģ
ӣա
˼֣ˣΪû֪һ
ѩҶڵأūʧְ
ʱ̧֣֮סͤ䣺
ͤյòѵŮǱӵİʱֵõ飿
Ⱦ, ֪˵ʲô
ˮţһֻ޹С¹
ͤĿ⣬ѩҶԺĴ󣬲ٷ
лӿ¡ѩҶֶŶȾһݣлΪū顣
ȾûӦ, ֻǶѩҶﴽ
ǰȻͤӰס, Ŀڳ, Ҫ˵ʲô
϶Ⱦ΢ɻ峺Ŀ, ͤ򴽣ͷʲôû˵
.
ӣҩˡ
ѩҶҩʱ, ͤ齱, ַ顣
ûзӦѩҶҩŵԵĴϺ, Ҫ˳䡣
״, ͤԼ˲²⡣
ÿüͷ£𣺡ǲ, ιҩɣ
ֹιҩ
ѩҶ㸹̣һһ۴ǰ
ͤһһ䷴ʡ
ѩҶһʶµѲǵȻΪιҩ¡
ūˡѩҶæūͷҩ
ָҩ룬ͤĶأȥɡ
ǡ
ߺͤҩ롣
Ⱦ֪ʱ˯˹ȥŮ΢üεʲô¡
С㣿
Ⱦ
ͤŻ֮˶ûзӦ
òӦʧģҨһҩ׵ֵߣ㽫ҩ֭ǿιȥ
ⷨӹȻЧҩ֭һ룬һЩŴ
ͤŮ۵Ĵ˼ǷҪΪɾ
ʱȾǺȼתѣ궯˶̡
ͤҩĶһ
ָĦм̡
ͤҨһҩ֭
һأûǽҩ
׸վٵһ룬ͤιҩĶȻͣʶʲô
⼸յæûͷ·ĶμҹŮǲ
ιҩͣڰУȴûж
Ⱦգۡ
ŮԺʲ壬ɻʵ
ͤûӦڳӶ
Ŀ⣬жȾǰ֮ǰ۸Լ
ͷһᣬʱίԣ㲻ҵķ
ŮȴǿŴ
ͤҪ뿪סĸ첲΢мֲƣҪȥĶ
ҪȥĶθɣ
ȾһԲֻ뿪
κνֱ۴ָȼ󣬶Ⱦֲͤǰ
ü۱ƽСҹ˵Ļ
Ⱦ˸û
ͤΪԼвЧ˼֡
ɿҪٶҩ룬ȴŮлʳ᣺ſңҪȥҷˣ
˵գȾסǰǯסԼֻ֣ݺݳڴҧȥ
νӼҲҧˣһҧ޼ɵݼҧ˼Ѫ߳
ָͤ˲
ʹһִİоӱҧλӿ
䴫ѪζöȾ˼֣ǰ֮νסæɿֳûҪӡ
ͤٶս˼ķ㻹ҪȥĶң
ȾҡͷŲǡ
ķͤŲ۸Ų˵ЩĻ
ҹŮ˵ҪʱĲٶȸͤͷ
ֻȫµ˶֪Ƿޣʲô÷ϵģ
Ҫͤڴ˿̽͸Ҳ޿ܡ
ҩ
ٶȶҩ룬ѿڶٲҩӾ˽ķɱˣټ
⻰ֱƵòͤ˵ġ
ȾûԾǶʱֹסη־ؿͤһۡ
ģǰצˡ
ͤʢҩףѵݵߡ
ȾڴѪۣش¾ŨܵĽëССںҩ
תۣҩ֭Ѿס
ǺҩԵʣȾüۼ˼־⣬ڴĴ˸Ƿ
ͤ룬ûдС˾˯
ŮԹԵ˵ͷɻϡ
ͤվҪصȥȴȻ˹ס
عͷֻȾ۰Ͱ͵ضЪϢ𣿡
أڵϵˣ
ߵĿǣ۵ȴһĨԼҲɫ
ȾԼʲôֻǶͤ۵µɫ۵⼸նǺ࣬ûкЪϢ
ĻһСӣͤͷ
򴽲ҧĻڴʼ
ǰСȷ
˵ȾŲŲͷλóЪϢһȥæɺã
ͤû
ûг֮ΣȤ
Ⱦȴͣ
ͤûסС㣬ԼģʱĪҪڡ
Ⱦ⣺Ϊػң
裿
ͤǴӲܹ
Ҹλ㣿
գǻҵСְȾ˵ţԼϵĽͤϡ
С֣
ͤҹ鷿ԳƵ⣬С֡
⡭⡣
˶
Ⱦüֱסͤͷ
ɤճѿǡ
ͤ΢΢ʧλࣺ⡣
ŮûлӦ
ȵĺѾ˯ˡ
ͤĿⶢ齱ߵĴֻ֮ס
Ⱦûз˳ӵ򴦲˲䣬ø
Ķͤϸ΢죬׼䴫
ĿڴĪʼȣȵÿҪ
ǰδеİоͤǲʣȴ᲻ɿ֡
ͷ˶ѡۡ
⼸ͤæ£ӲЪϢ
Ⱦͬ齶ߣͷĻ㣬ԺǸңڴ˿ʹ˯
.
Ⱦԭ˯ú㣬ֱдͯ
ۣǰϤʶ鷿
Ⱦ˺һֻģǵҹԼȣƺͤιҩֺԼ˯
ҹʱĲѾȥһ˯ѣࡣ
鷿вͤӰʱӦϳȥˡ
ͯĿɸŴ϶ԭǶȾΡ
ŮѩҶ˭ڿޣ
СƢ
С¡
֮£ֻһ¡
ȾԺУְǰУƴڹΨһѪһǡ
ȾЬͷȥ
˭֪ߵſڣ㱻һλС̫סӷԸû׼뿪
ӵķԸһֲ
Ⱦϵʲô㣿
С̫
ȾŻˣҲΪ㣬ȥС£Ǹ³ǰֲˣ
С̫˳˼
ʦ̹ڹеҪľҪ飬мһһ£֪Ҳпڲĵʱ
Ը뿪鷿̶գѷǲԸĻزȷ
ԼԽⲻǲǷ
ȾС̫಻⡣
С̫ع񣬹ŵ׷ȥŲȴʼûи϶Ⱦ
ӷԸ
Ⱦѭſƹǽ޵ñʹС¡
ĺӣɫۣﱧڻţ
ĪҪˣĻǶõģȥ԰Ҫٻָժòã
СýȥĻŹָֺֻ֣ŸߴҪҪ
Ⱦ̧ͷ֦ͷŽ׵
⻨õȵ²ſǴ˴ûеڹ⣬ʢЩ
Ī˵С£¡ϺȾƼ⻨Ҳϲ
ȾȻڣȻҪժǡ
ֵýͷöŷˣæعū澼
ֵ͵ֻ⻨鷿ġ
ֹΧ̵̫๬Ůͷûǰժ
ȾˣǺժͤĻһСĵ
Ⱦɲں
ߵ£˵ľУ֦ʵߴ
¹˼ͬȹϵϣ򲻿ɡ
ȾȴģͬСɽס˴꣬Ѹ
ŮСظָѴǶȻ
ԶͻȻһɤСʲô
ͤôʱˣ
ȶȾشͤߵ£
Ⱦ֦Ҫüۡ
֪ǲĴͤƺһĵġ
Ⱦ⡣
ժĪ¡
Ůŵһϵȥ
֦ιգڶȾտ죬ʧظнŵرۡ
սеĻ֦
һ˫ֱ۽ס˫ս
ȶȾۣͷͤûı£˭㵨ȥģ
Ⱦ䡣
Ķˡ
ͤʧ䣬ȴǶԼȫȻûи顣
ȻҹΪҪԼҩҪ½ס
Ůۣڰ׷˫ͫ⻪תзڰʲô¡

ͤһԲؽ
ȾߵС¸ǰ㡣
Ż캰صС½ӹٺɵЦ
ȾתͤԼ
ĿԣȱߣһսսС̫ࣺٷԸûҵ׼
ûмų㡭
ȾǰȻȻס֣Ҫ֣͹ˡ


103 
ͤԼڵĹƳ档
ǲƶӺζ, ֳ˵˹Щ˯в֪ȥ
ͤ, ǹƶδ壬һԻǵá
ȻΪ֪ȾѣĶȴʼȡ
ĸоǲʡ
ͤ΢΢ü˦Ⱦ֣ȻңǶС͸û鷿ȥ
ȾƫҪԣ鷿ɹ̫Ҳȥ
ָ̧֣չ⣺̫ãѵͲȥ԰𣿡
ͤ, ǲΪȻĿȴŮİָ
˳֣ͤȾüӡ
ҹèһĿͰͣµĪҪ˳۵öࡣ
ɹɹ̫Ҳãʡﲡ, ҪԼιҩ
鷳
ͤܿ˵Լ, תͷԸˣȥٵȡ
Ⱦ˼, գۣͬȥˣ
ͤ, ǰȥ
Ⱦǹ˹æϡ
߳û˽ȡ
ȾվԱ, ԭǵ, û뵽ǰһѳԼֹ
ͤޱ, ָϵù̶õĳͷ, ûչ˲˵İá
磿
Ⱦͷ
, ķ磿
ȻͤĻֺƤס֣ͤǷӦǣҲŶԣⱻ紵ߡ
һأͤû˦֡
.
԰תһȦȾͤǰһ𵽹Ľȥ
ʯСٷͤٺͤͣһյ񴬡
Ⱦڣ˴⣬ǳ˴κظȤ
˵գĿڼؿͤ
ͤ⣬ȴ
˿ȷȾԼڻ԰תȦ޷ǾЩʲô
Ů͸⸱ǣҪǴǰǸͤ
΢΢򴽣ûвٷˣûκ¡
Ⱦ֪仯ֻһŶҵˣ󲡳ʵǲ˶ද
ս֣ͤȻȥɡ
ԼӦ˦ֲŶԡ
һͤʧһƷ
ŮƢڵ
վ쳤ԶҲдǰļ䡣
Ǹʱ򣬶ȾĺľͻͷҲص뿪һˣǳͷβЦ
ӵӲݰͤк̳
һƬڣ߶Ůĺס
ǸͤӦƿǰ֮ˣöȾ롣
Ĭţָ̰طסԷ֡
.
鷿Ⱦɿ֣ͤȡϵá
ͤҲգؿŮڣҪԼ빬
һ֣ͤ˳£ǿн
ӻ԰һ·ϣѾһ¡˴ǰϵΣȷ᲻÷뿪
ͤûеȵ֮еĻ
Ⱦýˣѿ첽ߵľԣԼһˮཹһ
ֽź˰뱭ˮע⵽ͤĿ⡣
˫ڳģڰޣ
Ⱦ˫űҲǿˣ
š
ͤ͵Ӧߵǰӹеˮ
ûкˮǽˮŻϡ
һ̣Ⱦ֪ͤʲô
ͤѹĴ
ȾֻۣͫһƬĮȻһ¡
ͤƫͷͷ˶ؼǡ

֮ǣжȾͷ
ͤս֡
Ů޴ϸ۵ָͤϵ¡
ߴƱĦָ⣬Ͱ͵״
ͤĶһ裬ѭżıܣġŮĴߣŪ࣬һռϢ
ֱȾӺ죬ˮǿ޹һͤ롣
ԭǳûɫıҲ˼ַ⡣
񻰱ʳ˾ӶȾʻϢ
Ⱦãǲʲôˣ
ûСͤڣָŮһƷ˿󣬡ʧ䣬ǲס㣬ѵͲ𣿡
ǵҲǡ
Ƿɹ̫չ⣬ȾմЩ̡
δ껰еƫִֻĪ̬ͤȱҲ̫Щ
ܹǼ¡
ݵĳš
ýŶ˽鷿
ȾͷţĬĬ
纮պã϶嵭ĲߣȾҧһڴ۵«񣬺ðһ䣺ͻȻһ¡
̧ͤڡ
Ⱦɫ̽ŵ
븮ʱҸպײǽׯӵĹڵ񣬳˵ʣġ
˶٣ϿҪظţ
ȾС˼Բ
ͤڿԼ뿪鷿ҪظѵܷԼﲻɣ
ͤῴͼ
Σڣá
ͤȾɿسѩҶʹ˸ɫ
ٻظóʡ
ȥҲüġ
.
ԹָգȻҪȹеʳɿڡ
ʱ֣Ϊ֤ͤԼﲻſںߣȾ봺ȵ
ܵĸȾͤԵҲҪЩ
źҪæָ鷿
ȾԺת˼Ȧʳ󣬻޷ЪϢ
.
鷿֮УؾΪͤ
Σջش֣ǰȣȻȹ࣬ɫҲ˲٣ֻЩʱվܿ
š
ͤӦ
ܹ׻תΣΪֳҲͷˡ
ؾ˵ţƳԾʢڷľе
ڹһ䣺ĸӣ㲻ͽãôҪˣ
ҽ͸
ͤʡ
ؾһҭԼʧ䣬Ǵϻ
ͤ󣬶ԶȾ䲻ȵ̬ȣ̾ѵö˳ֳļ
֪ʧ䣬ǲסãҲһʱģǳɻ꣬ö˾֪˶
ΪƵĸƣҲðưô͹ģΪȾ纮üշȻԲѣڹвŲҲˣӼȻͳȥĶôҲջ
ͤüۼ俴ֳ˵ſڣûнҪ١ҲǵҪġ
ؾһԭˡ
˿⣺ɫȻ磬Ҳûݺۻ˯ˣҲĪҪ̫ͣĵһЩ£ģҪ롭
ͤȻ̧ۣĻ룿
ؾ룬һΪ𽥺ת̫ãԽղ˵ӣƫҪĺĺ
ȡҲǰ²Ҳգ͵عںãϧǰŸҪ
ͤûӦӶź֪ʲô
ؾڨڨҽ䣬߳鷿
ߺãͤûж
עöԺѲ󵽣ǽȾ䣬ѩˮɫ͸˵á
ʲôǵãͤҲȷţԼǶϲὫҪ
ԺһƬͤʲôҲ벻
վߵǰ
װУʱǰƼġ
ͤŵϣŽҹطҪĸԼ͸ȾŮȻԼӣӺϸġ
ֳִ֪ԭԼѾͳȥһء
ͤѲ޳ָ鼹仮ͼҵһ˿µģ׮йصĺۼ
ڣһ϶ס
ҳ֮䣬бһհףƼʲô
ӦǱȡһųֽƮƮ


104 
Ⱦϴ, ɵϡ
ۣԭǴͤ, ǰɹ̫̫հͷ˯ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãѰμ䣬ǰнŲͣ¡
ȾϤġ

˯죬һ
ͤδӦԹϵɫ
Ⱦ˯ϡͿҲûж룬ͤƿº, ˳йȥ
ͤһûпܡ
ɶȾȴо˲Ծ
ҹȣͤιҩɵϹʱʧǰһ, ҪԼ
ҹͤȴƽ, Լȥ, ˼仹źðŴ
Ⱦ, Ÿ͸ĵƹ⣬ͤɫ֪ʲô
Ⱦ˯ʱ˴룺ﲻ
δ
Լ, ͤۡ
ȾĻŹ֡
ҹദü, Ⱦѷͤ鲻ѵʱ, ûб仯, ԭƽֱĴ, СĻȡ
ϸ΢ı仯¾ͤԼҲ֪
Ⱦǵãʱö˶˵ģԼָӻҲûоܾлš
ôӾͱ̬ȣ
Ⱦϰ̧ᴥͤĶͷȷûΪﴵȺǰ
ָδϣŮϸס
ͤ˫СҪʲô
̫Ⱦ˿ڴʹˣ
ûС
ͤٴηϡ
Ϊοȥģ
ûС
ͤҪʶϣ˵һȴ̧ܹͣͫУ㵱Ҫ֪
Ⱦ˵ͷ
ţ鷿һּֽֽͤڣɤЩƣ޾ʱֹ
Ⱦһ
ȻǵЩԼǰдͤ顣
ͤɫͷԳʱҪһϣ
Ϊ
ȶȾֵͣͤ飬ҵֳ˵ֻ㣬Ϊֻᱻ˻ϣ
ӿɲ˻ģڵ̵䵱ȥ䵽ϵġ
֪ΪԼͲӦôɰʵס
Ⱦап࣬ϻֻŵЩѾȥˡ
״ͤ˴𰸡
߰ԭǣõԼҪϸڡ
ͤ˵ĻҪȾ׿˵ſš
ȴȡ衣
ŮķӦ֤֮ĸ飬ǰʸ־塣
뵽ֳ˵ԼйΪĿڴĵҲΪͤԼ˲²⡪
ȾƢԼ벻޷ֻǳΰˡ
ͤΪǰеЦ
ֻûʧĸоʵİ
ͤǰ׵ʹŮʧ䣬һһԻὫԼԷɶջԡ
΢΢һϣɿȾ֣Ӵ
ܱ֤Լ˵ʲôø̬ª
Ⱦһ㶡
֪䣬ͤѾԲࡣ
عЬƿͷȥ
ˮ鴹ö

ȾҲ룬Ҫ׷
˭ļԲȶһŲȿգӴˤȥ
С
Ⱦһˤòᡣ
ԭߵſڵͤŲסתƿ߽ˤˣ
ǽŤˡȾͰͣҶˡ
ͤ첽߹ֻţ

ȾɤϵĶȴܿ죬ס䡣
ͤνס
ſ壬ǰŮüչŤŵˡ
ͤҲû뵽гһգΪƵһ
ȾڲٳС㣬ȴҹģǺñ¡
Ⱦɫǰ֮䣬ȷЩ죬ɼȻЩ¶Ѿȥˣֺαعڻ
ͤ򴽣ȷ֡
Ⱦøš
ò׽˺ЩӷߣҪͷ֪ͤɻн˵
ͤֻջ֡
ϵϺõĲ˿֯ˮ΢׾ٱܴŮָ们ߡ
ͤҪȥȾһţסݾ
ͤηӦȾܲˣĴ
ͤͫף⧲ս
ŮĴ
׵úҲ·ͬһϸ΢Ļ磬ǹͤͷѷ̳ӲݡŤģӲݣתǵ
ȾԴһ֪ûзӦǼ˼֣ǻš
ҧҧ֣ͤ䵽Լ䣬һơ
Ůɤ߳ӣۣ
ͤƱǰ򾲣ʵǰδе͡
ͺһתɵĻأͻȻ֮俨ס˿ǡ
ԺУڽս
ǸȾǾ֮ĸԸ
ȴŮԼӣã쾭岻
ܿ죬׾ٵռϷ硣
תĻأһ̱
̧ͤ𣬿ǰ֮ˣСĪҪˣҵġ
ȾļָͤµǴλãѾʼ̡
ҪͷȻһ룬ͤѽ
ǰƻ˻Σֹƽ
ɴٶȴ䣬סŮ鲻Խ

ȾףͤǾҵģԼС
мܣضҪŷӽͤƿ
תƬǰͤ˵Щǵᣬװ׳һͷ
Ⱦԥ֮ʣͤѳ롣
ЩӲݰһ̲ڸǣĴݺͳָ޼ɵʸŮΪϢ㵹

Ⱦɤͬèģͼͤһ˿
ͤţǳûСԶ޷ɻԸͬǰ㣿

Ⱦҧ
Ժ˼ѻң
ͤ˫˰ж˼ʧ䣺ΪβĪǲԸ
Ⱦ֪ǹⷢʣֻԼͤģæͷԸġ
ͤЦˡ
ǰŮ۰ӣͻȻͷݺҧһڡ
Ⱦʹüͷ
ڴǰҪʹͤӷ裬ֵֻȣס˵˵ʲô𣿡
ͤҡͷôء
ԼҪ벻ȥ⡣
۶ȾĻشʲôͤδػ⡣
İĿڽ֯
ͤʴǰԼŮԸԼɡ
ֺ¶Ⱦǵ鶼ˣԼʲô㣿
Щ˼ܹǰҲй¶
ͤٴεͷ׼ȷסǰ֮˵Ĵ
ɴĵ϶䣬żа㱻뷿С
¡Ϻٴξ䣬֦ͷ̰ͻ


105 
ʮ, Ȼʵȵȥɥ, ӦʥǰΪֻʥСʤδְ֪Σ
ǵϣһλ۵ĳֳ̰壬泯¡
˭֪ʳڣڸλ֮ϵȴþûлӦ
ĳͷ˸ͻԼǲ˵˻
һ飬æʼ˼ͤ, ԼλӦȴ֮˿ڣһʱ񣬻Դ˽ŵĻ˵һ顣
ɫЦЦ硣
Դæɫֽǰظ˱顣
ͷ˵Ż, ͤȴֿʼ
΢, , ѵһ˿ů, ָ乴Ūһ
ϵϸ죬Ψͤһ
ͤ΢΢븮ǰ, һհ, 齼ȴO@
ͤƿɴʣֻȾ֪ʱ˯Լϡ
˯Ů, ֻͻȻ˿п, еૼ, л䡣
Ǵͣȼ˪̼ǵ䣬ůⰻȻ
֮ѩ׵ļ羱ִӽ̻¶
ѩۼգ̵Ľëϻδɵ顣ϸ޳Ĳ糺㣬˿ȡ
ͤͷ˶ǼȾľѴ̽Ϣ
ֱ˿̣ͤףΪԹо糯ֻ¡
˶ת߳䣬ԸŮʲô
һŮʹ鷿ҪĶȡ
ˮɫ͸ͤõУ߻ǰ
Ⱦ˯㣬ֻʲôӲָ伡Ż䵽䡣
⧲⣬˯תѡ
ȾۣƼͤߵӡ

ʶŷִ֣Լ䡣
Ⱦ㶣ͤͼ
ͤϸһöӡȻǺܳ㡣
š
Ⱦ򴽡
ֲֵͤشչݼҧĶҶǹأֽ㣬ʲô񣿡

ͤʾ̫ͻȻȾһʱ벻
ͤƺд㣬˵ʲôָ˳䵽Ů״
ָ΢ͻȻȾʶɪͤȴԤϰ㣬Ȧϸףָһ״ĽԼС
ö죬ͬҹһ㡣
Ⱦߵ˿ʼ̡
ͤҪ񣬷ҪùĶࡣ
С
ҡͷҪû
ͤ׾ٶĶƫͷ΢΢ΪβУ
ڵǸɾ
ĲףŻ淢ʡ
֪ʣͬ竰ӡ
Ⱦҧϻֻڰ⡭ôԡ
ͤͷ΢
ȻŮΪ飬ͤҪģƫƫҹѷֵ֤
ǽͷ˸ʮ˸ɺãͤǰõŵʱٻǡ
õŵʱ򡭡
Ⱦһţ˫ֽƿʱˣϳȥǡ
ͤƵЦ
Ⱦ߳ŭعͷȥ
ⲻ֪װͰ͵ĿȾÿһ缡.¶Լɫ
á
ͤӦ
ǰŮմһġ
ӣʲô⣿
´Դ˵ȥսսͲûڽǵй
ͤջʶԼִ˶ԷĻ
΢΢˼Ƭ̣ڻԴ˵ʲôҲգɱٴΪһˣοȻ֮顣
.
ʮȻʵǰ¡¼ȻʵĶƺƵ
ͤȣͷٹ٣Լʲôֻ֪ﻳ׵ۡ
ɮ˽ׯ£ӭ͡
㣬ݣիҹ¡ҹЪɮΪȻٹУճߵȻλ
ֱһҹķ¶ˣоĺҲЪ£зŰࡣ
ҹͤɮ®֮С
·æû˯ʱҹĻʱȴû˯⡣
¶أľ֪ͤ뵽ʲôʵǺǷʦڴ
ӣǡ
ͤ˽͵ЩϷ𾭷ġ
ֱԺľͣЪͤз𾭣Ų߳⡣
ǷʦչΣϴޣŶȻ졣
ǰţ곤΢΢׵߶ţһ̴ʦ
ǰֻ֮ûºӣڳ˵һǷʦܽ⣿
ͿͤУʩƬ̣衣
Ͳˡͤżɽֻʦֽһ£õߡ
Ƿʦ˫ֺʮʩ˵޷ıؽ߾ܡ
ͤף¼ǵãԵ֣ɴʦ⣿
ʩĻˡ
΢΢һЦʦȻ㣬֮ϣǰ䣬ֻǽżۣ߶ŴʦΪҶ˿һ
ǷʦĿԴɻ󣺡ʩ˼ҪΪһԵ
ͤ˵ͷ
ԭ𣬵ǰЩʱ£֪ԼȾɻ飬ʥּͻԵ⣬ǰλɮҲû
Ȼܲϣ춨Եм汾¡
˭֪ǴʦĬãû˵
ʦǲǵ֡ͤ޷ȡֽд¡
Ǵʦȷͤ̽Լ
ʩ˵Цˡ
ǷʦҡͷǹæʩԼǣʩԵܹԤ⡣
ģΪҪϣ
ͤüͷ΢壬ѯĻѿڶȴȻֹס
ͻȻʶ֮£ûܹƿסͤԼ
Цԭˣֲá
ʱͤмɻȻʥϴͻ飬ҪѣȻҲѵķӣΪηǵʥּ
ԭȥڵԼһӲ
ûʲôעԵһеǿ
ȥͤЦ⣬ָƽյ䣺֮£²ϣе֪
ǷʦͷʩģĲǶ֮ˡ


106 
, ϣһܸбĴ¥ǰͣ
ѩҶ, һһַŶȾ³ԯ
¥ԣһλ籶Уͷεĸӭǰݹ٣ūʧԶӭ
Ⱦ΢΢ͷ˲ؿҪĶˣ
ģҪĶ챦ҹƣոո, ͵Ŀء
˵ţ󸾴Ů˽ӭ˽ȥ
⸾챦ƹӣ챦ٰһ䱦¥챦ʲô˹, ڴ, 붼ڴ˴ס
ǰЩʱ, 챦˶ȾҪ, Ϊһֵ֪Ҫüæټܹɽ, С·깤
ƺ֮, ƹԭǴ͵Ӹȥġ
˭֪ͷȴ˵챦ͷ׵, ȡ
ƹֻƽ׽, ֪ȾҪⶫ, Ϊ͸ͤ
͵ָͤǰ֪ʧ˾ϲ
ƹӽȾӭ϶¥Ӵ͵Ĳ跿Ϊ裬ֽҪĶ
ľƳɵĳУռСӡ
򿪺иǣǰ㱻
вʲô鱦Σһ
Ĺ԰Ƴɣͷ·Ұ͸״ͬɡ
Ⱦ̧֣õС
Ҫ࣬ǶȾΪŮӣҲܽģִ·΢΢ﰼѰ׳ա
ŲңͤȣܽĻȡ
Ⱦʵã
ƹӴɷģԽƳɣӲޱȡĥգвŻö࣬ǲ⣬ūҽٸġ
Ⱦ΢ЦŵͷǫˣҾúܺá
˵ƹ˿ýн񹭰ãź
ȾѩҶ𣬴¥
ߵ¥£ȴײһλˡ
ι
ǱֺȻĿڵ
Ⱦ΢죺Ҳڣ
ڶȾӡУǱ֮󣬵ӣĳķǣǻ챦ָ֮صˡ
ƿɻ󣬷ǱӦ³ޣ¹ΪֳӦһݺ񡣡
ȾǵãǱֻһĵ÷죬ףޣȷһʾ
ֻǡȾǰλεĽͷ棬ֹ˴
Ǳкβף
ȾЦ
зйԵҲ֪ԷǸεεСѣˬúܡ
ԷϲãǱǽĳͷͳȥѹףչ⡣
ȾҡҡͷҲգȻײҵǿԴˣΪѡ񡣡
ܵöȾǱһϲǾ
ԼĪһʱ䣬챦תţһװΪ
Ǳлйѡõĺһ
ȾٳٲߣΪԵĴ㡪
ǰھݣͤԲѣǷǱæ£ֻԼȻͷۣڵʱ£Ҳδسŵȥ
ҲӦѡһлǱǡ
ͷһԵƹӣ챦󣬿͸ӵ䱦Ǳʼܣֽ֮ģ
ƬǰƹӣӲ֪Ϊ˵ĿӵȾ
ȶȾͷѴֻ·ҴҵЩ벻˷ۡ
Ϥֻգ˼ҧгݡ
Ⱦһ
ɫ˶Ż½ڼ֮꣺ʱģΪҲû֪һ
ͤǹ˹ǳǴӺͷɡ
Ⱦĵ
ͤ˵ͬǱԸٴǰϻװɹȥʧ䣬˼˵ֱ˵ϲдϡ
Ⱦף뷶Ǳ£˵󲻴˵ССȫԼλ⡣
룺ˣ뷶˲ײ
ɣҪԼɣ
ͤЦĻ
Ⱦһ㶣˵
ͤɫȻ֪Լ˵˼֡
˱ۣһòʱȻظȥˣԱ㡣
˵գͤת⡣
ȾվԭأıӰʧС
һסģ챦ƹӡλֶΣڳϸ˵һĳٵ
û뵽һĹˣҲͬլŮӰԴףй֮޲
תÿˣȷӦЦȰȾ
֮пҲǽӰҪŻͬʹӣܹҪ˵һ壬һʱҲˡ
Ⱦ˵ͷлָ㡣
߳챦ţѲͤӰӣ·ߵͣһƥƽճе
Ⱦ²⣬ͤӦ³ظûмԼҵ챦
û뵽ɲɣײԼͷǱһ
ˡ
Ⱦ̾Ϣظ˵
û뵽һɫӰĿֱ
Ⱦӭͤߣмϲ⣺ԭڡ
ͤɫϲɫ΢Щȴǵģˣôظ
˵ڣͤʶԼޱ׾ӡ
ͣͷߣظõ
תһ룬ָȵָˣ쾭岻ֺαڣ
ͤ򴽣ٳ
ȾҲһľзϡ
ͤĿⰵ˰Գ۲
󲻹ŮҪ͸ǱĶԼ޹ء
ƫƫʱȾ𣺡뷶˲żȻѡҶСɻļ񡭡
ͤǣ£ӦɷǱķΪ޲Ŷԡ
δס
ͤϵʮҲϴСʱΪ˵ײŶԣֻ鲻Ȣͼ
Ⱦԭչüͷ£
ˣҲмƢԣοһֻҲҧ˵ӡ
ȾʵշԣгɻδɻӣѣҶܼ˲ɣ
ͤ˶٣ްΨǱС
ΪβУ·ʣУ˲޲𡣡
˵Ĳܴ󡣡ͤͫŮ̫.һֽʥּȢ˾ͻǷǱ
Ⱦͤɲ⣬Ҳ˲ѾǼǰ£Ӧ÷²Ŷԡ
ҷŲأͤڣ˫΢У֪ҷŲ£Ϊηǵ뷶Ǳ߽
Ŀд⣬Ⱦ˸
ҧҧոǣոʮǣ֪Ҫ˵ľأŻ⣿


107 
ͤӡ, Ⱦδͬ˵
ţԼ䳰ȷһҹ, ŮҲգһһ˵ţǺ޲ͬһϡ
ģΪ˷Ǳ
ͤЦˣЦȴ۵ףոǣոʮǡȰսĻˣǾͬǵжԹ
Ⱦһҭû뵽Լ˼Ҳǡ
˵һ룬Լͬ, ΪҪͣ
ͤβѾҲá
տ֪Ϊαñƣ˷ͤϢȾȥ, Ťͷ, ͣ
ͷ̫, δĻ, ɲǰ
Ⱦվƿ˳̽⣺, ͣ
Ȼͣ
ȾԴʼδ, Ĳǰȥ˶Ҫ˳⡣
Ǿӳԯˤ, ԼضҪˤͷѪ
رۡ
ֱһ, Ⱦһֻ޳о
ȾˤϤĻ, Ϣ㡣
⴫ǰиܹȥūסɻã
ȾܵͤһҪ
æס䣬ų복£ԼСģ߰ɡ
ҡǰУͤΪȻ˭
ŵķ⣬Щˤ⡣
䣬Ů˫ֵͤļ磬
Ⱦԭλãͷл
귽ŵĻȴš
ͤüԼԾ
̧ŮֻȾԴŵɷ׵СûѪɫ
ͤͷ⣬̼ɢԼʡ
ȾѣȻ˵뷶ǱżȻ棬ǱضġԼΪҪСû
ЩˤŵòᣬԼǵˡ
ͤһֻԼħˣһǱˣͷֲػ
סŮ裺Ҵˡˣ
Ⱦͷ
ͤҪʣȴʲôĶ䵽ֱ֮ϡ
һξӨᡣ
ȾִгĨĨ۽ǣ£ӹġ
ͤŷ֣ȦͱǼⶼǺͨͨģ˵ίˡ
˵ĻȴĿܡ
ͤʱҲ룬뻳С
ҵĴɤƣԺǱĪ֪ˡ
Ⱦһ㶣ûӦ
ͤͷļѴж˼ְգʲôҲԼǣҵϡ
Ⱦе⣬˿ɢЩ
飬ѲǽεεСΪͤǲˤᡣ
ֻǡ̫ˡ
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ʱС˳ͤһֻè˳ë
Ⱦǰͤ˳ĴèȨڲǻȨ
ûʲôͤģΨֻܼ顣
ͤǺģ治ԼǱˣҲΪֻŪ
ͤˡ
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ͤһ㶣ɻŵ
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δ䣬޳ָеۡ
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ͤŶȾķӦ𾪣ŭ߳ıС˳Ϊ£
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Ů֪࣬ضҪڵģҪԼ룬ͬǱǰԵҲδءͤ÷ֵĿܣǱһӣҲҪǿߡ
ʱͤŮ̾˿
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ۣͤ΢΢ľ
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ΣŮڰ׷š
ͤ򴽣ֲϰ䣺Ҳǡ
ȾһЦ
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ŤģͤȾҲϲˡ
˫ͤĲ֪ʣҲʲô
ͤӲֱĪʼȣʶҪȴ᲻ôŮ˸ӣˣѣȥ̹䣿

͵鷿С
ǰķıǱͬӣΪġ
ͤԵϯϣķǱھʱ򣬷Ķ࣬δüһл
һһٺӣǱ
Ǳͷ֪뵽ʲôлӺģֻвǷ֮£ô˵ȹ񣿡
˲ؿǲգֻҹ鸮󣬱ӷǵҪüղˡ
ͤߺŵǳЦ
Ǳѵüɫ󿪿ڣȻˣ¹лӺ񰮡
δ䣬ǰԺִֵıСǰţӣʱСˡ
Ǳ
ȻˣҲͲˡͤȻҲС˵Ļµӣǻ֪ںδҡ
Ǳͷ㡣
ǰԺͷȾòѰ˸ڣһȺŮ֮ͤѰ
Ⱦ֪ͤĶֻĿĵľĻ԰й䡣
ƹɽֻ˿£ͣһǧ
շСޣдСС˶ǰԺæµһصķۻɨ˼徲
ȾߵЩۣǧԶڴ˴λơ
ֱϤĽŲ
δüͷ˵˫Ѵϣɺã
Ⱦǰ¸ߣǧ뵽ԷͤԾԾԣá
ͤ뿪漸߸ߡ
أȾƽͷظܵǧȤ
ŻĴӣۣŸߴ֦ͷĺĻԶ
ʱҶϵ·ů͸Ľ⣬۵סԶʱ򣬸ߴͬȾɫĻֽġ˻Ҷ
Ⱦͷܿͤ
߹ǳǳЦֻ
Ⱦͷ⵴ǧúǾˡ
ֱ󣬻ͤͣ磬
áȾ룬ֵȻظҲԺﰲǧܡ
˵⻰ʱŮշ˵ģ˫۷
ͤͷ΢鲻Խظ
ʱȾ˳䣺
Զ֮죬׵ӡ
Ⱦ૵˵Сڼңֳܸ谮ճҲʮױͣҲ֪ڽĳ棿
Ⱦ˵ǷСޣԺȴԼռ޸ͤ¡
˵ʱ׵Ķˣֻй޲ܸǵùĳ档
ϧʱźͷʲô
ͤü뿴
˵գȶȾӦѱͤסԾߴݶϡ
Ⱦ֣ͤݼȡ
мֲ⵽˸ϡ
𣿡ͤЦǿɵСЩ˷ˡ
Ⱦº±ץмԵȸԾ
ٶԣֵϳһ׶顣
ֻͷλǰһ컨ɹ١
ȾɵòƢҲãܹȢΪޣλɹǺø
šҵ˵ϻͤȻס֣ŮʮָۣȷǺø
⸣õãͤʱĲԼһ
Ⱦ΢죬һʱ˵
ƫͤ׷ʣֻǲ֪λɶ׮ԵҲ⣿
ȾʵǷȴָ
Ů̧ͷԶա
֮£ٰǵ۴αȣԡչ֮С
ô᲻أȾͷԷϣǿʱ
˼ҹΰ
ʣµĻڷбɢ
ͤû׷ʣΪѾ𰸡
𰸣ǻкܳһ֤


108 
Сʵм俪ʼ, û˵
źǣԼʱ, ͽ̵ķ̫ӲἰҲȻʺ¡
Ǻһλǲĵͷת
ĵһλ۲۵Ļ躦ѹֻ֬Ϊ̰ͼ֡
ڷˣĽ޵ֱţҰ̫ƽ
СʵôЩ£
Ȼʷٵıдװס
, ҲǻᡭˣЩТĻҲա
ܹ飬Ҳܺá
̫Ҳ鷶ǱˣСʵ, Ϳʼʶ, ѧϰ֮, ѭѭ, һλ
ԴˣСʵۺǲ⡣
ڣ, Сʵ̲סʣ̫, ǰڻϿһ仰Ю, ǿܡȻǿ, ΪʲôҪѧôණ
̫Ĭһ˲, Ļ
Сʵۿ̫֧֧˹ȥûн

ܺã񳤱һλ㡣
ΪʵǲӦЩ
޽ɣʱʱһ𻰱͵͵͵鷿ڹŶѳȥأѾˣһҲǺõġ
Сʵ۲ףЩܵĵΪʲôŶصȨ
Żʵ۵ĸòĳһôõ°Ҫûз̫Žѧ͸ˡ
ٶԱЮӣʳдĳ£æòɿ
Сʵ۾͸õٺòˡ
˽£ͷ¶
һЦָСʵ۵ŶϻҵĻ˵ҪТңһֱӣʲôТ˳ң
Сʵ۽ʾ֭˰취ȹ½ˣȢܶӣȫТ˭ã¾ͷΪʺ󡣡
û뵽º͵⻰ȴɫҡͷͷвУ˵ЦҲǲС
СʵЩףΪʲô
¿ڿ˵ҪТ˳ңȴ˴ͣвһһ˵ţɫǰδеǧҪϡ
Сʵͷ֣µصͷ
ҪЩŮӣѵûǵĵҪТ
ϵĻȨ֮ϣ֮һһУһϲһŭ̼ʹ֮֮ڳˣ糣֮ϣӦ¡
Ϊһ֮˽ɢѰ˼Ů͵о죿
Сʵû뵽ԭǷ£Ҳ㲻á
ˡ
ЦЦͷ׾ͺãҡȱٳЩͣͻ֪ԵδҪֻ࣬ӡ
Сʵ뵽ʲô
Ƹһ˿糺졣
šûзϣҺ
Ӻʮһգڻʳвʲôܡ
ٰǵѰҲ֪˵겻ãҲ檻ʲôңһֱӣͬʱ档
Сʵͷ˵úЦ
ЩУͰͤĳ谮
СʵߣȴøӸ벻Ŷԡ
ڸϸڣҹҲ˵ꡣ
ƩǹæҲÿҹָЪϢʵǻزȥҲǲ˻ȥš
ӵ鷿ǽһ񹭡
Сʵ۴δȴʱʱȡã֮䱦
Сʵ۲֪ԭ񹭣͸ӵģѹӻ᲻á
Сʵһ쳤𽥷֣ĸ֣ҲʱĺѣнҪТԼ
ӵƺֻ
Ϊ˭ϡ

ܻʵۡ
СʵȻƷ̫ܹʶдʫױʢͯҲʲôĴ
ܹظܵÿӿ񣬶ֵ
ڣҽ˼ϣʱǾǺڣʮʮ
ͺСʵڽ˿ֻģֻһֻιʳιˮ˵һֻиͻչ衣
޲ýԷëͺ
ģҪʮǻء
ǡ꺮ʳڣСʵҪӳ̤࣬¿ҲҪһȥ
Σֻ飬װһλСȥ濪Ҳá
ӱϴӦȵ˳ǣũæʱڣæزӾ˽Сʵ۶ũѧŸţ
ũˮֻ䣬絶ϻţԾβɨСʵ۵δŵţŸɲݵϢ
һ£Ȳͻյؿ
֮ͥ£Сʵۺ±˿ᣬҧһᣬֻͷæ䡣
Ȼص۵ڴ
̫ѧũߺϻţĵӡ
º͵ģҲСˣɻͬӰʱ档ѵóһˣȻӦ£㲻ķô⡣
˵оݣСʵףӾԼԡԺûٲٴ˼ҷദ
Сʵű͵͵һͷܵΪ¼ҹˡ
ڶʣԶʮдһš
ʮҲȻʵãСʵ۵Ĺĸ
λĸСʵδһʱ򣬾ͺ׼޵ū
ֻⳡ²˳죬µ죬ūдֵǽΪλɱһ
󷴵ū˸֮Ȩա
֮˳ڴκ߽̫ƽȡ
δ˳޵ʮһֱ
Сʵдĸ
ӺˣҲԼѪͨˣʳв̫µ
ϧʮϻ
˵Щū˽ƻúܣ⣬ʱ̶λԷʲôġ
Сʵʧ֮࣬ܵ˹衣
߽ຮĸΪгĹܹ긴һոһյȥΪա
Ϊ򣬶Լǵ͸Ӧö˻ʼҵ棬ֻ֪̰ͼ֡
˰գʰų򡭡ˣЩТĻҲա
Դ֮Сʵÿ㣬뷶̫ѧϰι֮ߣֺƤѧۡ
ÿ۵ʱСʵ۾ͻԶĹĸԼЩ಻ʲô
ǵһܻʵۣҲӦúõǡ
Ȼʮ꣬ĳ³ӽ鷿ȡһ
ⶫʱûбСʵۣ첻ι
ӦǱµġӺϾ㱣ô꣬Ҳʱԭ
ûбŻȨͻصСʵϡ
һӦϲ񣬶ǵǡ
κӾõ£ʮǷ˳հ
ĵӣһ䵽ͷϣСʵ۾ãԼδúá
Сʵ۾񼴽չ߷ɵĳǰס
ʮѾСˡӴĻ۵ôʱ򡪡
ûн˵ȥ֮Ĳ£ͷˣкβԼʷ̫ȥ
˵գһҲȲãͷȥ
һֱߵſڣͣ½Ųסˣгһգʵ۵òУֻҪһҲֽɱ
Сʵ۲£ظӿ˸ͷ
Сʵۻų羴飬Զ
㱼ʶһ¡
ԭӵҲǴ󽫾սɳӱ֮λʱδڣһҲ˵ùȥ
˵ӦֺүŶԣô꣬Сʵ۴δ˭Ϊֺ
Ϊһһˣ񻰱ﲻϵľһ㡣
үͷΣ̫ˣôͳӶԲϺš
Сʵۻͷŷǽϣ͸ӵǱѲ
Ѵ빬Żǰȡߡ
ֹ˼գСʵ۲֪ԭӺѾ뿪ٰЯķ
˳һգСʵٴο޵ӣһߡ
ЦãĪҪ˵ЦǾ֮𣬰ٹ˵߾ߣ
Ǽ¶ٰʲô˼أСʵӵۣ´߰ɣ
ҡͷչ⣬󣬱գҺͷߵĶܸܵ顣
֮顣
ֱ֮䣬½ʵˡ
ﳾȥ
Сʵۿ޵ãûǳԵĺһġ
֮ÿһЩʱգŵٰһ͵еģ֮صز
ҶǣЩزѰյճϢϢء
СʵףҪӸλ಻ա
ЩţСʵ۶ÿÿҪʱ򣬱ᷭʱԼвصλʵĸޡˣЩТĻҲա
֮ʧҲӳֽɱٰĻᡣ


109 
, 峿ʪغС΢
֮дߺ, ݳ𻨸⣬𻨸⡪
ľҷ߲֨һ򿪣źһɤϲ𻨸⡣
ŵӵæµӣҪݣ
ݡ
һֻϸ޳֣öͭǮ
ֻ̫ۣûסֿԷ
Թԣ˴뱲ӣͷؿôÿ, ǱҪÿ
һ˫ۣëֱõƯúܡ
˶ϲÿҲ⣬ӹǮ, ûס̸ӵĿ, Ǵģ
šԷ, òá
ǹӿʱˡ̵, ʱڣ֣Դȥ䡣
Է𻨸, ̲²λһλˡ
Ȼ, ģ˵˵ͷãл
˵, ̽ҶõĹ𻨸ݹȥ, , Ƴβȥ𻨸⣬𻨸⡪
ľűϣͤ¶ȵĹ𻨸⣬תߡ
źһͥԺԺʯմ¶ˮͩ
ͤ£°౻лľϢȾ
ƹȺͣ޷ĵǰŶ롣
޷вüಢªδһӦȫϵĴƿбż֦۵һ
а㸡ȴǻ㣬ǶŮӵĵ㡣
ͤߣˡ
֯УȻ˶˶
ŮɢϵڷƣתĶѩ׼羱Ҳ¶˵˪ѩҲΪ
ٿ̽һ˫̴ˮ˫ۣ򵽹𻨸ˣ
ͤףš
𻨸ŵϣʱ磬ٶ˯һٳҲ١
ܹͤΪˣȻҲǶȾ
ͤ˵ȾҲҪ˯һġ
ȴ۴˸Ƿ˯ˣٹСʱЩźӵĸĸ¾Ҫѧõˡ
Ҳáͤûж˵ʲôʲô
ʱȾϱͤʻŮ˫䣺ֻҪǷģⶼϲ
˫ڰ׷ۣͬǰһտֻЦʱβһ˿ϸơ
տʼԼⷬ仯ʱȾžӣҲмȻ
¹ȻǲĹκˣֹֽĿͤΪٵģѵǳֹ轣Եʣ
Ⱦͼһ£Ϸĥɵķۣϲ¶顣
ܿ죬ͷѡºͽ⡣
ûбԭֻʵ̫鷳ˡ
뿪ٰǺͤһȥ˺ܶطͽϵĹ𻨣Խеɽѩ
һ·;Ƿ羰ԼȻͬķ顣
ĿϾͣﻹӹţںһ˿ϸƣ
ο֮ͤżȻ֪С˼ȻʧЦ⻹Ҫ£ҲҪģԼһ˥òֲ𽣣
˽ȥʱΪģֻ¹ÿǡ
˵ҲǣԴ֮󣬶Ⱦ֬Ҳʩÿ泯졣
ȴЩͬ
Ⱦ𴲣˼ؾźɫȹڷ纳٣һ֧֮ϵױ
Թ𻨸󣬶ȾţߵĺԺȥ
µСԺһƬ֣ԺûǽһȦΧ
ȾʱȻмҳźӣ⡣
һźӵļҳпڣˡ
š
Ⱦӭ
뿪ٰͤΪ˲ĿԻգķ
һʼȾȻٰ֪ͤݣָŮװ磬ԽҲܺá
ͤȴЦҡͷãҸϰںơ
ȾǺҲʹա
˶תתϱСǡ
δǰȾͬһҲΪδ֮ء
˭֪֮󣬲ŷǵشغḻ붫צ޵ȸ̣̲ͨ٣հҵڡ
Ҫǣ˴ůһļûѩʱͤ²پ˵ӣٺò
ʵĺõط
ͤǾڴ˵ضӣԺլ
СԺסһģĶޣܿڽд
˶ֻٰ̻ͨ˶Ƿ˵
ַﲻЩʱգҪõģԼŰݷã˳һ֮롪
ԭ̸²ףֹͶȻҪ͵ǸУΪʦ
δѧʲô֪ʶǶĿȾٰĹѧ˵˵ٻڽ;Ҳġ
ɶȾϾ£Ӧ
գ˽ӿεͷһա
ȾõĶԺʰ޳СϿεѧá
һʮӶ½ҳѧá
ʦܼ򵥣Ǿ裬ͷټϼһЩΪÑ
ȾûеʱڶθҲΪΪʦ
ʹǰԼһһÿΣѧóǧġ
ƣģӯ꾣š
ţСҡͷԣú
֪䣬磬õЩСͯҵʱ
Щĺ飬ȴڳٳٲߡ
գȾϤ֪λŮƢºͣƱϷӶӵۣ̲סҪ׽
˽ӵѧͯŶȾ˵ǴٰģٰʲôóԵ𣿡
СȾЦŵ˵ʻĺӶͷ룬ٰȷкܶʳȸѼǩ֦㣬Ѽ
˵ģЩоζ
һСʿˮлҪٰǣģ
ȶȾشһӴ϶ҵٰľǴ
⣬ֲǣ
ȾЦһȺСѼߴߴسȥ
ʱ֪˭˾䣺ٰͤ𣿡
䲻֣ͤȾһ㶣֪
šСŮ֣µصͷֳ˵ͤһҳӣ⵽Ӧ
ҳӡȾһЦҳӣԵǸӡ
ȾСŮĻ⣬Ҳѻա
ͤô꣬ۡ
ԴնԣֻҪԼӹúãȨ˭ϵ
ҲвʼΪͤԲ˳λҲı֡
ҳӣӦñΣЧȡ
СŮֳҲЩһԱ
ȾǿЦãͷȷǡ
СŮ̾һǲֳ˵óªʮֲб
۷׷ףǿ϶ˣ˶ǳúܳġ
ûϷ̨ϵĻˣǹģ
һȺԽ˵Խ𾢣Ѿ˺ߺ߹رȻԼǼλҳӣҪôĺ˽Է
ȾɤӣҼֹͤǳª
ͯԵ˵ȥ
Ⱦѹɤú˴һѰ˶ֻ۾һ죬ͤȴֻ۾죬֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ɫأﻰⶼ͸ŹϢ
ΪΪʲôʻĺӽŵʿˮ
ΪѽͷۣɷͤǲģרԵġ
Ⱦ˶٣ȻɤϸƤС
˵ʱʱ죬ֳСץȥ
ͯһУֵ״ɢ
ȾЦֲ֧һȺСӥ׷ǣҿĸСץȥͤԵĺã
˵ţȴûдסһӡ
ȾЦЩᣬֲ֧վʱ䲻ƼſһӰ
˳˫۱ǰбŰȻµضŶȾ
ȾϵЦ⣬һ̳׽ס
飺򡭡
ͤжãӦûԼڮЩɣ
ȾͷԽп죬߶ͤӡ
ֱͤɤԷˡ
Ŷ
Ⱦæͷʾ⺢ǾʰؼҺ󣬸ͤת뿪Ĳ
緹һ㣬ģһθСˡ
ͤġ
ѹλ˭֪λϱǰؼչϱȥˡ
ʵĳһʱҲţͤĻ
Ⱦ飬޲ʳԵĹأһٷͣôģȻۣΪˡ
ģԼĪǸժİɣܳ¶ˮ¡
ʵ
ͤ򴽣۵Ц⣺ЩϾѧˡ
ȾӦûǰЩ˿


110 
ů, ˻˯
Ź󣬶ȾûհЪϢ, ֧𻨴£ȡֽ
δСʵŶѾʥϵĻʵдţܾԼǷʲô
ʣдĸ֣ʥϼ
֮ԼǵļţʲôȤ£ЩʲôˣʺСʵ۵Ľ
˵ǵĻ֣ȥһ䡣
ʵ, Ⱦÿϣ˵Ѱ£ҲԼС˼
Ʃǰ;ϣдԼŮɽɲȤ£ȴҲϲźۼũࡣ
ɲ, , ɹ, һ, һƤ
ĹԱʲôֻڲҶȡƵ˰
, ҵĸߵҵ, ũ䵽ũеͭǮмΣ
º, Ⱦ˵ʥʴ, 괺콫ٶũ
Ⱦο֮, ҲСʵ۲뿴һţԼǺΪʦͼϽ̶ԷЩʲôʵɨȤ
ԷǾ֮ʱСţһ˿в԰նԶǸ֮֡
ԣÿÿдʱһԼһ̬ȡ
һֽдꡣ
Ⱦ±ʣЩ
Ȼ䣬ǰһƬӰ
Ⱦ̧ͷֻ֪ͤʱվߡ
һֳأԸ΢дˣ
Ⱦͷһ
ȻһͤƵȻдţʱһ£˵Ƿ
ǣǺǡȾЦ˵ʲôôҺˡ
˵䣬ŻҪӣȴԷּۿס
ͤƫͷɷͷۣҹﻹС
Ȼˡ
ȾаԽп࣬ĿİؽͣҡҲŻСӣġ
ʾ֭ҪôӦȥһøһ
ģǳɻˣһʮ档
ͤ򴽣ָ˳ƸʲôΪ򲻹һ£СϸƤ⣬Ҳϲԡ
ҪԣҲó˲Ŷԡ
ͤҧסȾ⡣
Ⱦһ˵ʲôѱס˴
źڣݼǵ±㡣
ͤԴȴ⣬ôߣ뼸֣ͼƷڶȾϢ
Ⱦмܣѱ׵

ͷֻս˼֡
ƳɻȾһһ˿ǣŻϢƬ̵𡭡
أǽƼҪҪˣ
ͤЦ𣬴̤С
ͭ૚죬ƬƬۻ봰ϲֵѩֽϡ
ȾԭΪ̰˵¡
꽥ʶ޹أͬ۾ư㣬һջϣãƷͬζ
ܹǡƮƮɣ˽ϦϦ
ӰһлĳңһţһС
ڣڽ̽һֻǽڷ
ûʹӷ̣ˮϴ£ҲͤЧ͡
ȾˮУ۵Ƥܡ
ˮϴ˰֪еҹɻţ
˵ҹз٣ػˡͤɤƣֻ⻹ţ

ڴǰεεĶȾûеġ
Щķѳ
ˣϴ󣬶ȾС˯һֱںͤЯֳš
ǰԾ̾Ӷְ࣬ҹ̿š
ؽֵƻ磬ȵ˻Уһҹǡ
ʻ߸ߵ͵͵ذڷڻϣˮɻ÷ô಻ӦĻҲ֪ũôġ
Ⱦ뷱ɾķӣۣ󿴿ҿ
Ȼ䣬ĽŲһ̯ǰͣ
ֻϵУһ겻߸ߵС֦ϸ֦ͷŶɫ޻Բ絰Ρ
Ų㣬ÿһյǷŹС̫˿ž;ů
С״æǽ㻨ãúأһȥɡ
ǰҺСסԺҲһֻǲ֪֡Ⱦԭ˻Ϊ㡣
˳Ļ֪㻨ԢɴأҪһڻ֦ϴһԽᣬζϲ֦ͷɾ£һʡ
Ⱦ˵ĶڣͤͳǮ⻨ˡ
ϲصؽӹǮƼ໨
ȾѡЩԺ
˳㻹Щ֣żĻٰСʵԼ
ڻйһʱȻصУִۣϴ˯ȥ
գȾǱԺжѵġ
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