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ؿŴ˵ķǰᣬҼ :С㣬Ҵˡ
õ :˭ס
ƶֶ񶾵ŮӶɴСЬõսɵ֣ϧ:ԺҪ۸㣬㾡ܸҡ
α˽Ůɷɣõڷǰ:Ǽ۸ɣ
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ԷҲʧĸֹ£ɴĮ뵽ǡ
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ҲΨһĽ𣿡
Ķָ:
1.󸹺ڴСƧС
2.ͬԿɻ飬˽ɽ
3.˫1v1
ݱǩ ж ֮   
ؼʣǣõ  ǣ  
һ仰飺Ұѷõˣ
⣺ֻвŬܶŲ


1 
ˣҶõõС㲻
Ͻã
ߴĽ
õۣȴǰһо
ֻӶ˴ѹһŮϰ
Ů˵ͷģʱ˿ǱںĶֻһ䣬ȫǽӡͷǱҡ
õס
Լ
ȺϷ
ڰõ֪ʱԺͻȻһ޸Ļе:
[ϲѰ󶨸лģʽһ޶רϵͳܸΪ]
ϵͳ
лģʽ
⧲õѸٿΧΧ˶һʲôûӣһͷ͵Ĵܳ
ԼòǡԽ˰ɣ
[Ѵ飬ڽΪϢע]
ȰõӦһϢȻӿԺϢԴ˲ҪըƵġ̲סһŶͷ˼
С㣡û°ɣ
ܿͱ˷סȫǹĵʺ
˺ü룬νϢų׽ꡣ
аõԼͬͬգòƣֹƯµޡ
ⱾС˵õɲʲôƲ硣
ܿ½Ͷ׼󣬶õΪ׼ΨһĴС㣬ֳܾ谮ŰӡңɫŮƱǱ°ȥ˰׼ҡ
ǵûС˵ﳣĶڻŮ䡣
Ϊԭǿȡᣬƽľ飬λŮʶ֪మЯֳɾԲ֡
ųŮ氮Ϊһųٺģ˶ŮƣԼõΨһ⣬ǾǷ塣
ϵͳϢ࣬ûϸƣἰĴһЩ
壬ͬԭǿȡᣬȴûŮ⻷ڰ׼ܾѣպڻΪһֻ֪ĥôɱ˵ĸ
Ҳ˵ŮɳͷɺڻĴ߻Ĭʡ
Ժܿ촫ش
[ô]
Сͷۣ϶ϴҵĺ֢
ڰõϵͳʱŰõӶͻȻߵغһ䡣
õЩ£˳Ӷ˵ߣٴοϹŵŮˣЩ²⣺
壿
ֺϱӵЩ롣õ򴽣Щϰߡ
ϵŮ̧ͷڵζ
ƯŮˣ
һ˲䣬ܿƵطšõŷâϸϸشǰŮˡǴԵ٣΢ͦĺ촽ȱˮѡ
ƯΪˡ
ֻкü࣬˦˶⣬ǻѪ˿
ȴֶ֕i
ĿԲ룬µʹԴ˻ƣڣС㡣
˳õĪش˸ͻȻѹ
ǰƯŮ˾尡
õЩȻ
ԭͰ°ԼС
׼ѵδʮ겻ú˷ϵǰֻʮԭһģװ಻ס˰׼ҡ
ԭĵһˡ
ϧԸǿʱͱֳų⣬ӣСоû˼ȴҲϷ뿪ֻ֮
ڰ׼Ҵĥꡣ
䣬ܾ衣
ԭһһͰһɶ˲˻
оŮƣͬ硣
ԭʮʱͼԼ磬˵ڴӲϹʱһֱݷͻȻûƿ֮º֢ʱʱͷۡ
ˣڵİõ
ԺٿϹŵ壬õ㿪ʼˣϵͳԼ˵ĵһ仰ʣ
ҵǸл壿
[ǵģǹԷ壬峹װŬ£һͬг]
ԣõ˲ʧ
ǰƯŮ˰Լ룬ӱ
ڵ屻ڰ׼ܾ꣬裬㻹ûüڻֻҪû˹¸Ħۺ֢Ͳܻϲҡ
õܿѡ
ЦϲϼӺˣ
壬Լɱԭ
ϵͳĻеԺ
[ģڷԭĳֵߣлᡣֻҪɹͻ᳹׳Ϊõıԭˣԭһн]
ʧأ
[ʧܣֽ:һϵͳĨɱԭĽ]
ţȰõӦϵͳǿԵظõԭĽ֣
ԭҡ
ڻԭٰĥ۸⣬׶ԭ䶴ΪȤһֱĥ󣬰õ廹ʬ
ĴС㣬˸ʬ޴³
ЩѪȵĻ棬õվסСȿƲסشŲһʱ֮䣬ûС
ԭЫˡ
ò˵ϵͳӲʩЧ
֪ԼԲʧܣԼָ尮Լ
ûκ顣
С㣬ɫò԰ס
ڰõ˼ʱԼŮٴξг漴ֹԷݺݵسŵϵһš
ˣҪ㣬õõСڴˣ
꣬ߵС㣬͸ðһҶ߿ȥιߣ
屻ߵʹɫ侲İõЦԣӶ˶߿ߡ
뷨ճϵͳٴ
[⵽б뷨ϵͳڴ裬Ӧͷ]
һܱ裿
õüܱͬ裬ôů
ĺܲʱˣѾ׼ܾ꣬Ű裬ԼܱĻ͸ʵ֣
[û̫Ӱ졣ңͨ巢֫Ӵû֣ﵽһĻֺ󼴿άԼԭе裬֮ǰƫԭ衣ϵͳ⵽ƫֵﵽٷ֮ٺ󣬽Զųͷ]
[ͬʱϵͳϵͳֵΪ30Ժÿտ۳1ֵֵΪ0ʱԶĨɱ]
[ֵֻͨתֵķʽã1ּɶһ1ֵ]
õɫѿˡ
ֻܴǶȡֻץһͷ޶ҲҰ޶ͺӿ
[ֵﵽ100ʱ½ȡַʽͬʱ̳ͬɸݻֵȡֵ]
ʹɣûбϣҪĻֵôӷǶãϵͳǰԼǿаһ
ҺȻϵͳڸԼ
ԼľҲģⲻס
Ӷ˻سš
ܱ裬ܱ衣
Ĭ仰֣
졣
ЩӲһƣӶ˲ӣûҿ
õǿĿ⿴ǸһֱԼɿӶˡ
ǰһɨͼ꣬ţ˵Ϣǰ
Сԭ£ԭĻ׳棬ԭ˼ȫܲУֺܻԭʮԭϲ
СǺί
ֿڣ
С㣬˹춼һ
Ҫ˵͸ðֽŴ϶ȥۡ
СĻõɫ˰
ϵͳԭ֮Ϣ٣ԭҲֻǼʴһξдƪܶ࣬ؼξ顣
ԭرΪԴ鱻˾֪ӣСֽš
ûа嶪׼ңǼڰ׼Ҹ衣
Ƕʱڣܾ׼˽ԭĸζ裬£Ȼˡ
ˣ׼˻Ὣļ˶߿ιߣ˲ֻһ˶
ڻĿ˺͵ߡ
һֲ
֮ľ˼ټһȫʴֱѪϴ׼ңټһ׼ңȫһС
ڹ˵ƶ°ͰطչţлɵΨһת۵Լ
õףϸŸոϵͳԼϢǰһϸ۵ָס°͡
ϸĴ˳ָй٣ڵĴ̼ðõ˲ҡ
[+1ܻΪ1]
ʱ˿̣°̧ͷ峹׽¶ǰ
ֻ˫ǲԨЩ˵㺡䵭Ӵſ¶º͡
ڿ
ոСĻ
õƤһҪڣͼԨ߳ȪŮƯϻᡣ
Ҽ
С㣬Ҵˡ
˻Ƶ͸һɱζӿˮĺ
˿ƲסҪϧ
Ҳ̫ˣ
õ˲䱻Уһɵβ׵Ǵĸ䣬ϸ۵ָƲס
õһ˿ѡ
ǰǷ
ҪöԷϵͳڴʱȴ
[]
ϵͳľһˮõ˲侲Լոǿҵϧüͷɵ
Щ
ԭӰԼ
Ĭ¿塣
ԭӣǶôһܻϧ
Ҫǡ
ԭȻûж̫࣬ӣô׵ͷ
ĳǡʾݷ
еˮῴҼǶԼɱ⣿
סĵĺ촽΢Ǵˣ֪ı֣ҿһ㶼֪
лɣȻֱ̬ȴת䣬Ͷֹػֻ˶Լɡ
ֻһһ
ǣݻЦһת뿪
ֻǰõû뵽Լܵһ仰ᡣ
ҹ֮֮İõںԡţԡԡ۾ȥ
˴죬˸ţԡǿϮ
ĵƲ֪ʱ˹ˣֻͷһյůɫСơ
õû⣬۾ꡣ
ɾһ룬һ˫ͻȻ˹ֽ۵ƤȦס壬ȴִŹ̵¶ȣ̵ðõëֱ
С㡭
˻ƵУԷҲս˽һ顣
ﾹȻˣ


2 
õԺһ̾ʹӴϵ
æһƣ͸ϵĿԡ

˾˼ԼɾĴ
ŮƯͪ屩¶ǰڰɫĴϣɫǰ׵ûۡõƲסʿˮǰļãɫ
һ˫ϸ΢΢ţڰڣȴѪš
˭ס
õͨ죬æҵظϽ¸ǻȥ
ڴһƬհףӹȥõ֪Լδ״
峤Ư٣Ҳûŵֻһİ˹
һҪ˰ͻȥԺͻȻ𶣵һ
ԭ£ԭѲɻ壿Ұͻȥôͱˣ
õ
[վ飬Ӧƻ]
õд棺
ҪǺϵֵ
Ѿ棬ϵͳ缦
ôһ飬õ侲һЩײ
ô⣿
ǿѹ۵塣ΪʲôԼ
õͼϲ׽ߣĿһֿƲסر鲼ȫ
̫ˡ
þĶǡ
»ݵҲøɫ֮ͽ˹ȥ
С㣬ϴġ
֮ǰ屻СݲԲȣɳƣʹۣƲ۵ײŵʲô
Ļõ顣
ϴ
ϴ
ԭУԭҩǿϲ壬ôܻô׾ٵسԼϣ
ԴҵøƵģԿ϶ǣ²ԾʮֲԾ
δ֪ΣʱǱ£˲ʹ
ȥ
ɲӦĵʹͻȻ
[⵽ƫֵѴﵽٷ֮٣һĵĳͷ]
ܲסʹðõ˫ֱʹ÷ȴǡðѸƿѹ¡
ڰ׼ĳ䣬ʯٿſܵ״׿ٻһ
ǡɫж
İõ类ĵʹǣѹûµֻͣû
ܵµůǿƲססԷ
ʶģ䣬µ˻Լ
ĵʹҲڴ˿糱ˮȥ
õò˿һ룬Է̵ĺڶ
ɴۣ֪ط֣ʱ˵ж⡪һ˫ǿȦסԼԼѹȥ
˻Ƶڶߣ
С㡭
Źƻ
ֹҵĳõȴëֱĪΣϯȫڶԷĴѰԼʱһѳѸײڶֳ̧֮һԵıӣؽֱӰסǿ¡
ƻĵڱӵ£ǹõɢȥ
٣ϵͳ϶Լ֮ǰٵ
ûб裬ֻ˵ԭǸɫĴС㣬ȻûиϵҲûаϳȥ
˵˶٣ۺƤ˵ڴԼСأ
ϵͳ缦ˡ
е޷
ѹڱӵµ˿ʼܴ󣬲Ѱõ˦´
ŪһǺõŻ̧־һ£вٶһ£ھͰŶȥ
вЧµ˰
õ˿ĵʹϻŲ԰סոշס弸ľ
Աһõڴϴ
浱ҵĴôģ
ҲԼʲôС
ȻҪ̼ģǾ͸Ҵ̼ף
˵꣬´ϵĵ绰ߣһ£ԡһ߿Ŵӱ̽Դ壬ڣ
͸
׼Ӷ˰ЧʼߣŻڴϵ壬õ
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˭˵裿
һȻûгͷ£õ˲Ķȡ
ܴ屻һԺм仹кܴĿλ
ϴİõָϱӣסһƬİ׻ԼҲ£˿
ԷԼţܲԼ˯˶Լ
ⲻϮŬǿţʧȥʶǰһ䣺
ʵ㣬Ҵ㡭
ƽĺ
޵˻ڶߣʯӣſܾؿ˯ΣϧջĿ⡣
Ȼûܹܿƻ
ԼϥǣԼողݿܸʲô˲Ǻ졣
ðΣ΢
ֻϱŵġ塯һССľżˣӲذڶľͷСȣûһ˳̨ȥ
*
գŴͷŵõס
ôأ
Լˣ̲סϵͳ
[漰飬ϵͳ͸¶½]
ԣõؿϸع֣ͻȻʶʲôʣʻأӦǿʵİɣ
üκ巢֫Ӵƺûֵѡ
[ܻΪ1]
õش𣬰õ΢΢ü˶ﱧһˣôûӻ֣
ǡ
Էѹ塣
ʶһ㣬˲΢΢˸ġ塯˻ǹ
󲻳ĺ͡塯ϵԼĺ
ȵȡϵıùŹ֣֪Է壬Һϵϵͳĺڣ
ϵͳϣ
[Ҫϵͳܲ֡ı䶯ѷı䣬ĺЧӦԭге]
ǡ
õЦһ
˵ǰɣ
ͻȻõֻʱֹͣϵͳĽš
С㣬˯ú𣿡
ʱСɤЦѵʱģȻͬ
壬õһģ
СԺϵЦʧֻ˵С㣬ôأ
ȰõڣСѾ˵ķԸ˺ӵļ˶˽԰ʲô÷ˣָˡ
԰
ϵͳϢȫ棬õ԰һ֪
СԭʮϤ԰ҲһʲôأҪԼʵĻСĻɡ
״ʣ
أ
ԭ֮ǰͷãƵ䲢֡
Ŷ
Ů⻷ոӶС˲仺ɫֺõĺˣСסںԺһŷأǿɲίС㣡
Ȼίأ
õ˳ǣ۵׻һ⣬ۺʱεأеֳơ
֮ǰһƶ񣬵Եԣ˶ԸδԹʲôࡣ
ٺԭ׼ңҲǺóԺúȵд˵Ҫԭܳɹ̤Ȧʶһ׷Ĺأ
ܹίžǲ㱻ԭǿϰɣ
Ŷ󻹱ɾˡ
ԭ˱˵廹
ߵСڸ˵ƵĺûõϸֳЦһŷ
һŷž
ƾʲôסôõķ䣿
Լ˰õǾͲƵˡƣĶĶȥɡ
Сס


3 
ûϵͳԼʾ裬õˣ΢΢̧°ͣƯϴŭ
˯ϣһŷʲô
СŻȰõֱôڽвǰɣ
һ䣬С˲䲻ٶ˵СʲôͷԼæȥˡ
Сææ뿪õ˸ӶˣԸ㣬ȥ԰塣
ǰλסӶԲԲͦᣬ⻰Ժ˲ˣ
С㣬԰롣
Ӷ˵ӺСԼһʽ԰£ˡõӻ֣ûΪ
Ǹ֪˭Ūأ֪ԷĿʲôСΪϣʱȥ塣
ķɣǸ԰Ҳ
ҪԼڰߣʱԼ᲻С
˵ԼĿǹ壬ҪöԷԼǰᵱȻԼš
ͨԺϸѡƯĺȹ¥
׼ŷʽűмҾ߶һ֡˳ִֿĴ¥ߣõĵʣ
ҵЩأ
ԭɫ̰ô˵ԺѾסˡ
Ҫ尮ԼȾ͵ýԺãԭǺ󹬱Ҫɢ
ң˵Ǽܿ磬Ҳûӵұһ˵뷨
һ͹ˡ
˿мܲס
ԣӶϲû¶ʲô飬ֻǹǶںԺ
ȥ
õģС㡣
վԼ·Ӷˣõ΢һλǱǸСϲ
С϶ǲˣϤԭ̫ɿҪǣСĿƵ򹷡
ױԼ
Ըиʱը
ʲô֣ʡ
Ӷ΢㶣ִܿС㣬ҽСޡ
ŶСް
β೤ƽ޹ʵ̲סȥ˼
С޽²Ľ˲˼ڰõǰָϽûжʡ
Ժڻ԰һǣһ
õûǰ֪ͨԵ԰ȥʱǡÿſڲģսͦǿ

ǿˡ
õϴЩЦЦ
С޶ͷϲӿ飬ʣС㣬ҹȥÿǰ
õҪ˵һȪͻȻ
ǲҪˡ
ŷǳе̨Ůǻ
õɨȥĿס
ǸȰܵŮ˴򵥵İɫȹںڵͷܳǹ䣬߶˿ɢ
ѩƤӣҰС죬˶Ǵͯ߳İѩ
ʹϵͳѣõܲ³˾Ůơ
ôźҲѹֻᱻôǰĽ
ܵŮƵĻԺɫԻһһҵסƵ֣СԹʲô
ƣҵŮˣȴȫںõ̾ϢСޣԴˣô
ֻС޹ǰݼڰˣ֪ϲС㣬С˼ϧ
С޵и죬õЦһͲţ
Ҳϲأ
ôƯС㣬ƾʲôֻһ
ջԼϲֻΣ
[ڵ뷨Σ]
Σ𣿡õÿɷ쾭ʹɫʵֻҪû˺壬Ͳ̫Ԥɣ
ϵͳĬ˺һ¿ڣȴת˻⣺
[ԭĽŮ]
˼һ裿õüһŷôûиҳͷأ
̫
ϵͳΪѵٴγĬ
õ޵Ŀɨţ̲ס̾ԭǺɫһΪŰĽơ㲻ãƺÿ𣿡
̰ɫİõİ
壬ϵͳٴγĬðΣʣ
[]
еʻƽƽõ̧ǱȥģģҲٴγͷҵĻᣬúÿŰɡ
ϵͳʼңӦݵİõȻҪ侲ҲӴ󵨣оԼҪѿزסˡ
õĳСŮ˷׷ܳ
ݺݺǰûѰõΡ
ò˵ԭȷʵСһһÿҸи
䡢
ԼĪʮŮȫվڴΡߣ۾Űõ
Щ˶𣿡
õ̲סʡ
ЩЦòֵǮӣôǿȡġ
[󲿷Ըٲֱȣ˰׼ңŽǮƸҲתΪԸ]
׼Ҳƴҵ󣬶˾˼ҵĺӣٲּҾģҲΪ˼Ѿ˼ҪԭĴ
Ǯ
塣
ˣõܿƵԷҼģ
ӻǳǳᣬβΣǽĶҪˡ
ϧֻߡ
õʱѰԭĽ̷̿ΣʱʱԼ
ԼҪ壬幥Լ
촲ϵǳþ⡣
ʱеرƻˡҪͻȻǹΣУ˵Ҫ١
Ūڹ֮ĻԼк³𣿲صްˡ
С㣬ôҲǰ˵һѽһλ۵Ůǰһظ衣


4 
õλϣһɨȺݺݺ֪࣬ŴΪʲôôҪʵۡ
󹬼ǧʽ˳ǰǿá
õͷ˿ڲ裬ֿɬ̫ϲ㲻ɫط˻ȥ
ҪɢҲкʵɡ
²ܼһ
ǣõ
ٲҿҪҰ׼Ҷˣ
˲䰲ŮǾϴž졣
˻
ۡ
ĻʹõǿŷĿĳ嶯ϸ۵ָָ̧ո泳ܵŮˣ
վ
һһվԵŮ˲ɫĿԣӱ˴˵￴˾⡪״СδںԺôƢ
ֻƵվͷ̧
ǴսĸСȣõľЦȴ˿ԣֻЦЦ
ӵǴ󡣡
վĸ߸Ů촽ΣͷȵȺеˡ
õĿɨȥϡ
룬վֻǰѡ
õһ˵𣿡
һɲǼ䣬ưɫĪð亹
ʶõʼõʲôʱ˵һػ
ʱ˿̣ϲŭ޳ĴСһҪ˰Լȥ
õ˵Ҳٿ˼֣η塣
ˣõ㿪ڣ
ˣʰʰ׼Ұɡ
˵꣬ݸСһ
ֻС㶣ַܿӦɷ˵ؽ˳ſ޺ŲԸߵŮȥˡ
ǺЦԭеЩƬΣ˵ԭԸӣɳǿȡ¡
ڿ˻ȥЩ˷ǲԸˡ
鲻ͷĨĨӣĻԺһü

ɸˣѾ˼ڣ
С㣬帺𣡲ǵ£
塭
˯˵ͷõĿڻվǰƣЦЦ
Ҽǵϵ
õշˣƲҰ׵ȻûʲôѪɫ񲢲£Ŀֱưõ
ǡ
ףƶԼô
õ΢ָĵӣ糣ȻԺĹ㸺ɡ


5 
˵꣬ͷֵµһ⣬ȫɫ
ոŮ˱׼ңȺ˶ֵͦģôڷӦô
С㡣
õŮվۣͷҲźһֹŵ˵ģһ󴺷磬жȥꡣ
õڡ
˵ǰСͿʼ帺ҲȷʵɵúܺáƽɵЩֻ
ԭԭµ
ѹְ׼ôӶˣƫƫҪɨ
ԣƸɲЩġõͷǻ䣬ͣ˼һЦƵϸƣǸ嵹Ҳͦͬ磬Ƿˮˡ
˲ɫ졣
һ磬뿪һŷұ͸ֲɡõ˵ĻʱʧĿԸˡ
ϵãȺУ˿ʼ˵ԸƧÿζƨɡ
԰ԼСΪʲôҪɻأ
࿴˼˵ˣõ̬ȺͻƵĿﻹδɢЦ˵Ʋð㣬弰ʱϵƣ㲻ҵɣ
⻰һס
ƴδ˵£ֻ֪Сƺȥϵʱ彫״С˵Ϣ㴫˻
š
ƶ㿪԰õĿ⣬ҧԥһǿڣ첻ǹģҲǾУһжΪңԭ𣿡
Դϲŭ޳ĴСؽ˽԰ƱʳѰĽС
Ǹ⣬ϳһŷûܣ˲Ρ
԰
õͷ߽ơ
޺õ̲ס棬ŮС˵˵޺
ŶӵЦݣѡ񣺡ȥ
˼̱ڵأ˲们䡣
ǷߺޣҪǲϲҾͷһؼңûҪң

Ի·湻ġ
ôˣõԼͣԼԿ˵ΪңҪҷҺĸָ·ôˣ
˵ţƽӣ
˵ûԼĶ˻
ǽ԰ôȥء
ˮֻĵ
õľЦ
ϧˣԴӿȻģᣬܾò˼
壬̲סٴθϵͳȷ:ڽ԰Ĳ£
[ģǧ꣬Сʱӣ԰Բʲô]
ԣõĲ١
ɲԼմѪ
Ҳ֪ȥ˽԰ȥԼչʱƻ¾õظȰܵĻ棬ɵЦ
ҲԡƲ˵õڣȻΪ㣬ϧˡɶ˵ⶼǱ˵һԸѽû㣬ûҪԼ
ԼҪģαΪ򹷴ԼأҲ㣬ĺܺá
˵ţƵԴǰο
һʱ֮䣬ɫ
󣬰õ°һŷ˵˲ٺö
ȥ·ϣϵͳﲻסʣ
[ҪջضŮƵϲ]
ԣõЦͻȻи淨
ԼɱӺͦ⣬ƺԺȺжʱ䲻ˣһԼԺɢԺ̵档
Լ뿪ǰЩŮ˿Ƶ񣬰õЦ
鴫ȥԺƵķȻӰ졣
ԼƣʱʱػõıܳͷӶѹѽΪŮƾʲôڰ׼ҹأ
ȹӣһһ̨ףȹƮݣӨ׵ķɫɢ⣬֪뵽ʲôƯȫЦ
ϵͳʼһɡ
ôоԼе׽͸أ


6 
ڽ԰졣
õ죬ѾͰ׼ҵĴ󲿷Ҫﶼ˽Ӵ˽⣬ǳݡ
ȻҲ֪˽԰ʲôط
԰ǰ׼ҵĽء
Ϊ½ǿļ壬׼һֱ͹к԰عЩһﷸĵط
ȻżҲһЩΣֲɱޡ
۰Ůİ׷˵֪ǺԼŮ˵׺ͽ˰嶪˽԰
ҶǡҰ
״̬ôʵ
Դǰϵͳ˵ڽ԰ʲôΣԺǳĵزܲˣȫ֮Ժ
üϵͳ˲ߣ
[ǰ״̬ǺܺãʲôӰ졣ֻǣǲȳ]
ͻ
[Ҫѽ԰ĺɱ]

̰
õ˼⼸ϣ϶ѹ˵ġ塯Ըÿ컹һ欵ġġģһһˡ
̽ԼϲãָڿԭĺɫԼ԰ﻹиƯڵ
屾⣬˭ἱԼų
õٷְٻǸڳģȻ뿴Էʲô֣ǻε˽԰
͵ǾȾֻĺܰɡ
ϾԼܿǹҶ
С㣬ΣգԶЩɣССʵ
û¡
õӹĿ̽ԶûܿʲôҰޣֻһƬïʢĴ͹ľԡ
ϵͳ
˵ҪǽȥϮ𣿡
⻰췽ҹ̷
޲⣬Ѫô
[]
ϵͳȴƶ
õҲ̫⣬ԺģԷȻҲĻᡣ
ͻ룺ҴͰ͵ǰô
[ϵͳ԰޶׼ƵȦģʽ޾ͻ˯]
ԣõҪӢ۾ƻעҪʧܡ

õϧ
ôǵȰ˽ӳǰõСƤޣֺ԰ѽ԰򿪣Ҫȥ
ԵĴСһһ԰Աæλ޵λϢ޲ϵȦעܡ
˯
ż׿ĸʾõ˲Ͳ׽ĨӰ
ϴԾı·ֻ·õģȫδɵѪʺĿ˺۸ǸλƯŮ
ܾ͵ǰϻı飬ŵصĺܣ֧ŲסƵģ̱ڵء
õ˲ɫ
ҪԼ룬岻һܻ
ٵ飬̽˿ţ첽ŸߣüĿ䶼Ⱦ˼⣺
˵ģ״̬Уͽɱܣ
֮ǰݿȷʵʾ岻κΣա仯ֻת˲䣬ˢݣٿѱ磬ϵͳֳֻܱĬ
ֳĳҪʾĳ˵սľ
׳ҵĺܵڵϣҳѷ죬ΧһƬʺѪ
ףڵϲʡ¡
΢ӹѪζͺϵĶǼ⣬Ż
С㡣
õҪǰߣС޸ϽǰӲͷƤȻ޶עһһҪͲˣҪ𣿡
õǰ׼ҵӣҪ£ڳ˶øᡣ
С޲ðա

õĿȻؿСޡ
[Ϊʲôϲ]
޸ٶ
õѵǰСƿ䳯ϵͳϲҪ˺Է
Ƕʮһ͵꣬źг˼룬ݽ
ôصˡ
֪ԭڽ԰˼죬ԭУŻϵͳ˵ʲô⡣
Լϵͳһ¡ЧӦ
ԼĳָıԭĹ켣ˣҲ
˵ⶼΡ
ַɢϵͷɫƤʺѪĵòҰףϵ¶ȸô̹ǣڻк
õʱ˵񡪡
þĶǡ
[+1ܻΪ2]
ԺĲðõ˼侲ֽ˱
忴޳ƮƮģû⡣
õʶü̫ˡ
ǰϱҲôݵӣѲǸƭһԭ
Ǽӱڻֱˡ
ĵһʡúúø⣬̫ˡ
𾪵ʧСվԭغһŷӦһ̧ͷͿСѾǸѪС߳˽԰
ֻüСҴææıӰ
Сæ׷ȥ׻һ˼׼ҵҪˣ
*
[㲻տ]
ȥ׷˷İõ鲻䣺ֲҽ
˵ЦЦҿǰ׼ҴС㣬һСֵȥտʱ㵹ǲ˵ұˡ
ȷʵܻ裬ɻ𵱿˵ʱڼϵͳʵں棺
[ɸո㿴]
Ϊкɫţִﵽǰδе۷壬ǻƫֵߡ
Ϊʵ˰˼⣬ʹǼڰõϵϵͳ͸Լʲô
𣿡
õü´Ц
׷˺ϵͳͬ⣬õһ죬ͬĴ𰸡
裬㻹ҶֽˣȻ
˵ֱ׳
׷ȻûʲôԣֻüҲԼվҪ𣿡
׷ǺԼĸ׽Ȼ෴Ըĸǿƣϲѹʽ˵ʮа˾䶼ڱ
׷Ǹȫ簮ӵĸףԼŮʲôǶԵģһǱˡ
ĸǰõĽĶ
ʱŰ׷۰ģȴû̫
Ϊ׷˵簮ԭŻӣ׼Ҷ߸
֪ˡѹס׷˵˭峤ôÿ
׷һ̾㰡㣡ʲôʱģ
˵˵һԼ̫˲ˣϵ
ǰȥT̨չҾͰˣ˵췽ʱ䣬ҪȥĻ赽ʱȥ


7 
ǰԼŮС˵ڰ׼ֿ˳ŮӹŻ᲻ˣÿȥT̨չûжԵ۵ġ
ֻҪŮϲжٸСˣ׷˶ǲںġ
ңϸûŮЩŮĵСˣ˭Լ߶أ
ȥ
׷ΪȴŮھǾܾüЩ죺ôȥˣ
õȻ⼸Դ̫оЩ¶ǲ̫ˡ
⻰һ׷ע˲תƣ˴λô᲻Уȥ飡
áõϽסҪİ׷ˣЦеո˸忴˵ҽҽ˵ϴβСײƿҵԴĺ֢ûˡ
ŮԴ£׷˶ǸǻŭЩͲסˣ⧲䣬ʱ۾΢Сģ
õͷϹЩãｫһƿƵԼϡ
ܹԭѾûˣϵֻ֪
ڰڣﻰȫ˵˵üȾ˿ͷ
Ϊ壬춼䵭úܣҪٳ£ָҪˡ
׷֪¥Ҳû⡣
Ůˣ׷˵ɫȥ
õõոǷʲô˼
磬üĿ̽ſڣСƺǶǸСϲ
õֵĶ
ǽƴһŷƢλСˣԼֵߵߵذưŻһŷͳٺö
׷Შ˿ڲ裺ǰ㿴⺢ӣìܣһʱյ÷ˣûһԸ۰Ͱ͵ȥ塣
Сˣ˵ŪǷǣԼĪǱ˵ʲôɿĻ
˾ͷСǸߣˣҵǸֻС㲻
׷˷Ը˴򿪴԰ɻݺݺ࣬ü۵Ȼҡ
Ůµ죬ͽֲоƬֻҪݿⲶ׽˺ŮͷоƬͻ
˺ԼŮ£ڵоƬԱ
ҲҶ֡
ҡ
ǸõõŪ˵ģ׷һ
ԼĺԼ֮ǰʲôŮһɵǸưŮŪ˵ġ
˵Ůǰ컹˵һѵĻôƣ¶ԷƵġ
΢΢죬Ű׷ȥƣβҳ

ʱ׷϶Ǳվԡͷ¡
ȵˮ˳޳»Ϻҩ˿ڱˮӹ˿˿ߡ
ѪζأϵˮҲȾ죬ȴƲ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹƵġ˶òҰ׵ϲκûиĻϴɾϵۺӶ·
·ϣʹʲǹŪ˿ڣǾΥůʡ
*
ԡŴ򿪣ʪȵˮҲӿ˳
ɳϵİõתͷȥĿⴥ壬ɵü
ϴ裬˵Ĳ
ԷڿԼԺͣ˽ŲֳĨ䵭
õĵһ
ʱ裬Լǰû˵ּ˸֮裬䵭УԼƵġ
˳Ժĵһʽ棬õ˹ǣ
ɫѵԼǰվ˫ֱأ޼ɵش塣
·ǽ˴巿ùģû뵽ǳɫ·ܿ͸Ѫɫ
ܺã˿ڲϴ裬ֱӴֽ£ǲԼ˺õ̫졣
˼룬õĿ̹Ȼȥ׵ϹЩЦ:
壬·ˡ
ԼĻһڣǰŮ˱̱ɫȥһӵʱ䶼һüʣ˵֪ҵĻ
˵仰Ժһֱʹͷ˶
·Ƭ̼˵ء
ڿů
ůɫĵƹӨɫϣƽ͡
ļ米ǳ˱Ǵļ羱ԣǰûм⣬״ǳÿ
õִٴ
˶µ
вѪ˿ڣɼڽ԰˲ٿࡣ
ܵ˵ҽ˵û̫룬ЩƤˣˣֻҪ˿ԺʱҩˣͲʲô⡣
ǰúˡ
ձҽˣ͸ȥϴ裬ɼҲǸϧԼˡ
õ̾Ϣ
ȻǵԼ֡
ִ̧Լҽҩ࣬Լߵλ
᲻ͷҲ̧ؿʼҩ
ҩšӣ˲õսţԼҩȫͬ
ӡеĸҩȫйŵζ
µɳ΢ݡ
õʶתͷִ˺۵سԼǰ˻񣬺ܿ췴Ӧһ೶һ̺ȥ
΢ȡ
˭뵽·յأ
ʱ崩ԵãҲҩ
ĨЩҩָϣ
ҸͿҩ


8 
ûж㣬ûʲôӦõһֻ°̧ͣٴע⵽˫Ư۾
͸Ź⡣
ͫ׵ɫҪС
ƴСŵǼۣŲǽˡ
úһƯҪ¼ѿỊ̇ǵöϧ
ţõüۼ˼ϧĿضǼ˿ڣỺؽҩͿĨ档
֪ԭԼͬһһ˫˴ۣĨҩκʱҪ棬顣
΢Ŵǣá
С⻹ò㣿
ϵ˵ײ࣬õþգɿ򢣬ҪڵҩͻȻڣ
鷳СˣҿԼͿҩ
һɳƣӦ֮ǰСݵҹ˵ɤӡ
˵ʮԭΪע⵽˵ģԭӦø
ɳˣȻõ֮ͦǰԼһ
ðɤá
Ҳ鷳ü䣬Ц绨˼𣿡
ƽ޲϶ֽӲõ
Ǽϣ塯ÿ춼Ϊ˹ʲôʹϵĸֱ飬ٿ̱ôþ
˵㺦ߣ
õЦһҩ
һѻֻ򴽣̧־Ͱŵ̺Ӷ
ٴοֵģϵġ塱õ΢ͻȻ̾Ϣһ
ƭ
ǼϳԼϵġ塯ɶǷ⣬ǰߵĹǼӡ
ʧ͸һƣݺϡ
õ忴˼룬ͼЩߡ
ϧ޹
ֻͿҩ
ȫǸҩָ·һצϡҩõµļԵ
Է彩Ӳۿɼĳ̶ȣõЦЦ
ûȥƽΪԼǾ仰ΪԼ
˲ࡣ
õתȥ
˳ؽչ¶
ֻһۣõϵЦ㵭ȥҪں󱳣ͺһȣǰֻСˡ
˵ԭ޵צɼǣᴩ󱳣شһֱ䣬ɫļسš
Ȼ룬Եɲ
õ̲סɨ
Էʹüۣޱϲ岻ģֻϰˡ
ԺﲻԾؾ˱ȺŮ˶̬ȡ
Է˶ŰʵʣõЩ˵ԭȻ
ʹ𣿡
ûлش
õȥָµԼĨҩĶ˿ںʱʱҪðѪ˿
Ĵк͸ӾС
һ˿һ
ָ²壬õﲻ̫ܣǹĵľȻ޴棬ỺǸο
£Щ
˿ڱѪֹѪŪ˺һټŪ壬ҩ˴Ű˿ڶϺҩ
ÿ˿ڶϸ׵Ϻҩ˿һ̧ͼҲɻ
ü尾ĲֹԼһ
ϵ·մѪѾٴõ·
ȴУɨ۶Է䣬Ƕһָ״Сĳ״ۣŲڽ԰Ūˣе̥ǡ
أһߡ
̧ͼ徯ַؿԼ
ʶһ漴ЦˣģŹǻӿȫ˵ģ᲻ҵ¡
ë΢֪ʲôϵıˡ
ҩĹм˲ٻ֣ôӷˣǵޣõ⼸첻Ҫϴ衣
˶ֽزһ䣺
Ҫǻϴ裬úˣҾ̽˰㶪ؽ԰
˵ţ߳䡣
һȺŮӶ
õùԼŮӶ׼·ֿɵ·

ĿŮӶһһɨһŮӶϳɨͼꡣ
Ф죬һʵʵ򼵶ķǳǿŮӶܾŰ꣬ﰵ¹ٰӡ
֣Цָˣ
£ȥ
ФҪŮӶСһЩӺܰձʱԵø⵨ӡ
ӿɲһ
С㣿
ФȲϸ
ʲôԷųӣõЦû֦Ҳϵ·ݸֲ㡣
˶٣װգ⼸Ҷû˯ãμһŮˡ
ФϵıЩ£еСŻֿɰģõۣΣ㶮ɣ
Ф콩Ӳͷ
˹һǣӣƶۡ
˵õ̾ǴЩʵˣû뵽ôʵϵݵøͷƵҲ˰ɣϻôˣѿˡ
ӽ쿪ʼ߸ţලúˡ
һ֮ڣŮ˽ɫѿĺڵ޾


9 
[ΪʲôѡФ죬ʵߣĻһС]
ҪľС⡣
õ˸
Ȼ˸Щ𺳣ҲȷʵЩϧûԼ
ФŻ伸䣬ʱԼϳѵѵФ죬ȻȻԼĹۡ
ҪܵԼӵĿռ䣬ȻҪѶ˵λóȥȻ˶ϣ˾͸ȥ
ڵԼ10֣鲻Ųŵĸ裬һһȥ
С㣡
һŮ
õͣ½ŲλܵԼǰ⼷С޵ŮӶ
ԭǸǳˣŮӶϲúÿһЩġСΪԭ£ֵȻҪŮӶʤһ
·Ҳ£ź֮ǰ·Ҫá
Ӷˣӡ
С㡣С޺ĵЦˣ˵ոԸСͿҩǶСָѽǰΪСѧֲҪҪԣ
ԣõĿⶨϡ
[СԭϲŮӶһֱѾƫֵﵽٷ֮ʮ]
ϵͳѡ
֮ǰϵͳֻһѰõǻͼ䡣
ٷ֮ʮ
õ˼ײٳʹͷаɡ
ͬ⣬С˲Ц⣬ֱͦ壬һǰ·һЦеظõһЩȤ¡
ÿˮˣȴСϱԾɵģСһƳ۸ںСޣʱҧء
ٲЩԼλöҪռˣ
С㣬ҽ˵һ£̫Цˣ˱׼ֺǣ
ǸģͺϵԱƵģõӵӦһ
ţ
Сǰ˵λͻؼȥ𣿡
Сһѣõǿ磬϶Щ棺ôˣ
һ˾رûãһûˣüﴦ׼ңҲӡ
춼׼ңܻܲû뵽ſڼ棬Ȼ˹
ҲԼֻɫ˭ϡѽ
õĽŲͣ¡
СЦᶼҪ
찡룬ʱڰ׼أһСίǵӣڱϳ׼˵СĺˣǺЦ
ЦЦţһ̧ͷɫЩĴС㣬һˮشͷСϵЦݶʱʧ
СС㣿
ʿˮֻôС㿴Լģ˴ĵ׵ĺ¡

ʾðõȥ׵ĺ⣬ЦͦЦģǻ浱Ұ׼߾ߵĵط𣿡
ݵϴųΪ̫ƯԵñ
ոմǴɣ
С´Ц⣺Щ˰С΢Ͳ֪ϵرˣ
˵ţС޷˸ۡ
С޵ʹĿ⣬޶ԡǰСøð
ĵطѡԵ̨ССֲ˳ɹɹ̫İõ̲ס̾
Ӷ̹
ҪǮǮҪȨȨ˶úԼԭж벻ŻΪ˸ƶȫ˵
Сڿڣ
С㣬ôһôСѾͷŵǰѽ
ԣõۣⲻǺÿļˣƣ𣿡
˵ſСԷ찴࣬ȸոպãĸоͦɼԷǻ˲˼ġ
ʣϳȥŮ˺ôˣ
֪أûķԸǲҽǷŽġ
СʶȤˣŰõָæһ䣺
Ҫˣҿ̰ȥǽл
áõҡͷÿһǮǲٻ
֮ǰûпܵ
ɼףѣЩСмҾƶģذ˸ϻȥˣԺӿ϶ù
ԼǮ
ϼҫ£ϸ͸֣С
Ժÿ뿪С˶һʷַѣԵǰ׼С˼Ƶģ˵ȥඪˡ
СصͷõС㡣
ֺõƨ̫ˣҪǷڱϣҲˣһپͲˣ˭Сһִ󷽵ˣûһ٣õַѣ
ŶԭҲ˶Ҫһٵİ
õĿЦЦضСϣǿգôأҲˣ˵Ҹô㣿
Сͱ䣬ӽ԰ԺѪģ壬̱̾ڵϡ
ɪɪģõ۵Ⱦ˷ܣ֪̽Ϊʲô𣿡
Сɷ׵ҡͷ
ԽԽСˣԼź˵ôܻôС㲻ˣ
о
оС˸Ƶģ


10 
Ժٴľʾ
õǡôؿڣ
ұҵԴʵأôʹǶȥˣƲͱ跣ˣ
õ˫ֱأ΢΢̧°ʹдŽݶ֣һҪΪԼС˳ģ
Ҫѵϵͳ˲졣
оݣƫֵ˲併͡
С㣬ⲻҵ°û˸״
Сҡͷ
õЦһÿɷȣɨĻ԰΢
˵Ʋϲң϶ΪҵĺԺ̫ˡ
ϵСȻסûзӦΪʲôԾô졣
õ⣺
ΪҵŮӶȰҽԺãҴô˻ƾһҾܰϳ׼ҡ
⻰ʵ̫ȡ֣״СҪǿĸСˣ˭ȥ״СһһŪСп˵
С֪״СǸӣԽǷԽϽ߶ʮһϴ
С㣬Ҫߣ֪ˣԺҲˣ㲻Ҫߣ
Ůһϳ׼ң˳Ц
ϲŮӶҵȻߡõװ˼Ƭ̣Ȼãǰ˵帺ģ⼸ˣû˴ɨˡ
ҾͷȥɨǸɣ
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СŵɴۣԴӼǰСߣûɹһδֻñƽ˼ҵС㻹Ҫ£ɵִֻ
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̬ȰǶСԼ˵ϽͷԸԸ⣡ֻҪСԭңȥɶöԸ⣡
ܺáõ´Цݣȥɣ˳ϵظƵǸ
Сٴһ£ϵͳҲˣֺʲôϵ
һ˲õظ˴𰸣ǰðΪװҪңܲӲϹ𣿡
ͻȻʲô:ȥʵҲȥƣ֮ǰ˵Ҫ帺ҾͰѱˡСɵϣһ˸أ
뿪ʱСġ
濪ʼ硣
ûб´Сõʮã˹ϴԼ
[ǹ⽫СŪ]
ϵͳûõֲԼѾƶҲֻ
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ϵ˯ˣʲô
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[⵽ֵȶǰ]
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⻰õ˲Ӵһ߿ٸԼ·һʣô£
ǰѲϲФߣФһСڻвɵ
[˿ڸȾ]
޸ðõ¶ϵļɫȴЦһ

͸ýԳԼµĶԺ󻹸ҲԼ塣
[ҪԭŮӶФ콫ҩ⵹˵ϣΪûгҩŵ˿ڷԽԽ]
ԼڴϲˣϵͳЩ
[Ҫˣʧ]
㼱ʲô侲İõҪȥķ䣬Ҫôңⲻͱ𣿡
żϵͳһ
硣
[а취Լ]
Ȼأõ˸ۣⲻƫֵľͷ
ʱ̫Σ賿㣬״Сôܻϵȥķ䣿
ϸСƤϣõһӣžһ졣


11 
׼Ҷ¥ֿ󶯾
˯һФ챻ѽѣһµؿæҴ·ǣôˣ
ոչܼҹ˵СجΣ˯žƢҪһ¥ȥ漯ϣ
ôһ׵ɣФϵı˲Ť
ϵı˶־ŭԼ䣬˵Ҳ޼ɵЩұ߿ٴ·߱Թ
ʲô˰ܹˣ
һ첻ͻƵģôܺӣ
ʲôܺӣҲˣǵҪǹʸߣ˭

ұԹ鱧Թ·ٶȴһһ졣
˯źöӣ룬˸ҳ
õǰڰĴϣСƤ趯ľս
󣬹ܼҹǰһõ
С㣬˶ˡ
йҽһֻΪλСĲˣæǰС岻
˯أҽ
ҽˡ
Ժϵͳߴٵõĵļ꣬ȺһһͣФϣСƤ޺ػӹȥ

Ф챻òҽһ৵һ¾
ˣ
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ΪФСŮӶ˵弸䣬û뵽ܸɳ巢յĴ³
ФŷӦԼȫˣǺǻڣϽ
ҡȥУ
վסõסϴŭ𣬡ô󶯾ûǸŮڸСˣС𣿡
˵ţһ˦ڵϣŭ죺ߣҵҪڷʲô
Фһ߳ҭһǰ·Ÿ
õɲڿ޵õ֮ͦǰʲôԼӦ
ķòԶõװŭģѸٸϵһžͿյûԲѵ塣
һȥФͼ壬˰춼ûܽԷ̵ļ˲ŵ˷
ҪǴС֪巢ˣ϶ᷣԼģ
ФվڴǰҲ˵õǰһФ죺ô£
С㣬С̫ˣ˯ú죬ҽвѡФģŲų
õĬס
յͨ죬ͷϻð亹Ҫжԡ
Ф찡
õɫȴԣָָҽޱؿڣ
ȥô£ǲˣôС㶼ˣԸ
Ф˲ɷס
ҽǰȻ˵
˰õ˼ȻЦˣ˺ð˯ţλһչ˲ҲԺˣҲܺúñ֡
״СһһȻĲЩӶˣ˲˿
ɨʮŻС۾һ⻰ϽǰǰСҪǳλϤһչ˲˵̣СˣϤչ˵С㣬϶жֵģ
ӦеĻһһ䡣
õһõģϵŭɢ˲٣ӻӶǻȥҽܿ죬ѾѸٸע롣
¶ͣһᱻõ飬Ժҽˡ
ֻܿʣõˡ
ĴѾӶ˰ᵽ˴ǰõݽü塣
˰ɣ
[׼ҵҽˮƽǹģλʧ߽ڽйҽ½ҽѧר]
ѹɫôѿ
һҽѧרҴҹıȴʧ߶ѣ붼
˯ش˸ǷԺ󣬰õ:ǸչСˡ


12 
õչ˲˾ǵӾָ˲ʲôġ
ڰ˵ĺõսԷض˰Σʣ
Ӧòװİɣ
Ǵɰ
ôǰλ˶Ǹɵӡ
[ģЧӦ£˻ԣҪǲ˭֪ľ]
ţϵͳĻԺѸ׽סص㣬أҲ˵ƭң
ϵͳϲˡ
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ȻסգһšЦЦòǶʹ˿ưɣ
ϵͳûԲѵȻҲش
ŶԷΪԼĶüͷõüȾЩЦ⣬ûٺһ˻ƽϡ
ǶԼ
⡣
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ִҽµҩҳĶͷϡ
ƿ·ƺ󱳣û뵽Ÿһ·ſŵһ
õüսȥ
ֻϵ˿ڻŧȻ·һ
ʱ˽סһʱ֮䣬·ҲǣҲǡ
üɢ˲ȥ
Ŷӿ졣˿ڻŧȻǲٴ·ˣļԼСؽ·˿ڴ˺
ʹʹϵ忪ʼ󣬵ӰõĶ
ʹ
ɳ
˿ѾӣʹŹˡҪȥϴ裬𣿵ʱʵ̫õһʱ֮䶼ۿ˿ڶҪϽһָֻĺף
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һ㣬Ұ
Ͳʹˡ
Ƭ̣㰲õĶûͣỺ
עҩаߵĳɷ֣ȷԷ˯ȥˣõ̿ʼѡųʹʹһЩ
ֻ򵥵һ·Ӳǻ˽ʮӡ
СĵؽϰŵŻ˴ϣõ˿
Ҫ
[+15ܻΪ27]
ʮ֣õסһ߲˲Լͷðĺһʣǵ߶Ȳʮ𣿡
ҩʱѾ˸ˣҲżӵʮ֡غϴȺûʲôͬ
[10Ϊഥļӷ޶5ǴɼƬĶ⽱]
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ʴʣõüŨŨĺ档ϵĶȴ˿ûӰ죬ѸԱߵĵ绰ȥ
[ǣǷѡ鿴]
ڲʧ𣿡
[¼ڱϵͳԶѡȡʵʱۿ]
¾ͲˣƬԼܣٲλƯɾͺпҪ̱߽֫ˡ
·Ժ󣬾ͷ˿ڸȾҪԼĻҪһЩ
ոҽû˵ϲ鿴˿ڣԼҲնҽһ¡
ͷӻ鷳ġ
绰ͨٵҽ
һͨڡ
ңõԱ۶ҽڣҽѰϵ˿ڲ̲ס˿
Ŀƣͦġ
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꣬屻ͻط䡣
С㣬λҪٲҽҪ꣡
֪һطϴ裬ҽϵıѿ
˭˵أõ̾Ƽҽ۾µڣʣʲô˰ɣ
˿Ѿ·ϣ֮ǰעҩҲ׵ЧãֻҪ˿ڵ͸մˮͲʲô⡣
˵棬õܸоҽĻӡ
ͷã֪ˣˣȥϢɡ
״СʲôʱԱɫҽܳ뿪ʱ·Ʈġ
ڴҹõüģ߶ʮһë̺ɳһɡ
[ôչ]
˰ɣҽ˵ûˣҪҷʲô˵ˣչҲ֪ҸɵģæһɶҲûõԼ
õߵӾЩĬĬжŮ
ƾʲô˺µ͵͵ţ
ǻ
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СԺڣŴӴһ塣
ֻСĺӣõסɳ˯Ѳִˣ
һ̥
ϵͳ
Žϵͳϧ˺üûܵõӦ
޷ֻÿС
ϸһŷСûͦ졣
һɰְЦһƯ࣬ɲƺ
üһ
˻÷أ
õ̲סһ
ӦþǸʲôƬˣҪԼС޲µͯ


13 
ȷǰСһ￴ԼõһԵʯͷϣϸϸ
˵꿴꿴ϡ
ڿȻãȴɷ۵ĵ壬õ̲ס̾
Ȼ˼ĻЩġ
ôСͰһСأ
ոǸС˵Ļؿ㿴ǲô
˵ӦãҪǱǻôɣ
Сһһһӵطţغûܶס·һ𣬲߶յġ
Сϵһɫӣ̧־Ҫոġ
һֻͻȻӹһƴСϡ
ѽ㲻ܷ
ƵԲ۾ǰԵ
õʹĿ⣬ССֱֳİӡ۵׵Цȥ
Ŷ
Ŀ̧ڴС͸ͷƵϣЩķӦ
ȴʧûȥҲûһԺľľؽӷһλá
ƵСԼİӣžһ°·סֿЦ
ôôѽ

ôһ˲䣬õԼҪļ̵ĳ嶯
кأ
õοԼ
ǶһԣֿƬ̡
һͲʲôˣִֻڰԼӣ˿ô
ûһͺӡǺüһĶ֡
õһԿֱ֣ͺԼҺӮ˸СƵģĪɵĸо
ԼҪԵķɣСͱȱ˴
ƿһһӵĶ㶣ȻСһ͵һɨĵһء
ۡ
̶ּĿ쳹
״õһֱۣСƺ䲻ˡ
ʱһŮ˲֪߹һѱƣĸαĺǺʣ
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޵ָһԼӵ壬۸ңأĸף۸ѽ
Ů˲ŭ𣬾Ǳֱ̧߹ȥ
ССҲƺ«ƵǽŮ˺üš
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ڴŭ
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ѻ䲻𣬾⻹Ůأ
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ȷûŪȷǷɣõԴۣҿƶɺðɣ
[ϵͳȷǷɣҪϵͳ]
۵̫࣬õ˵
ɳֻһۣߵӡ
Ҳ˯Сʱҡ
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ѾգԾſŵơһԹõҪ뿪ɨıŲ˲ͣ¡
Ժҽ˿Ūҩ
˵һֱſ˯ƣҩ˿»
ɫҩ»һۼɫļϸۡ
Ҳң°
Ŀٴͣǲ԰׵ϡ
ſŵƣֻܿĲƶ˼ͣ񾲣ʮ޺
Ƶβ΢΢ȥĽŵסĽŵճżϸͷ
Ҳ˵岻˵ء


14 
ԼſǸ漣
µأ˿ڻָòõԭվ˼룬Լһϣ˯Ҫֲƽ
ͷͻȻ
Ŵϣض塣
ɲԺ忴ͬڷԼܷĵ˯ȥ
װ˯
ĵضſ˼ӣûҡõ治ˣ΢΢֡
Ͷһ⣬ҫ£͸ָԵþӨ͸ָıϡ
ָµ岻ܿƵһ
õէЦ⣬䴽أԭǸװ
Ƶģ۵ؼ»ָͣڿͷ
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ȺܴҪԼ۶ϡ
õ̧ײС
ǿ˵
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ϧĿԲ룬õؿ۵׵һɢȥ±ޱϲģ
С㡭
ɳƣԸС
еԼȫ̻ɤ͸ԵʸУԵøڲͬ
ԽԽ񫡣
õ۵׵ЦȻԺԼϵʹüӣ
壬ôץң𣿡
ϵĽ˲ɿõջֿ󡪡üһһָӡ档
Ҳ֪ԭƤ̫ۣ̫ݡ
ѹĸ̣Уɫ޿ŸƵģü۵ʹƺ«ƵĲõ̲סüûʲô˵ģ
ǸԼ״ФⲻҩҲãԼչĸлҲգܵ˵˵ɣ
СҪ˵ʲô

û˼
õס۵ĳ嶯
գչ㡣һӶûչ˹أ˸ˡ
һ˵ţһϸ۲ķӦ
޶ԣװģ̾Ϣ㻹ץһֱ˵Լʹһþáôͷˣ
һƽ䵭гЩѺۣ뾡ƣǺͶͷɼǿסˡ
õȻԷΪԼĻߣ㵽ֹ°ԻһתȨ壺
ô£˿ôȾˣҩ𣿡
Լ״Ļᡣ


15 
Ͼܶ෴֮պڻѹĳ޴ﵽֵȴ޴ͷš
ѱĻ˵ô˵Ҳܻ⻺һЩֵ
̻ɤԸУ

֣õ۾
˵ĳĬðķֻ˴˵ĺ
һʱ֮䣬ùŹ֡
ظоյı仯Сʲôܰϣڱϡ
ΪСΪԼͷһŮӶ
ǸӬˣԼͿԴαȡ裿
ߵߵߵ
ǡڴʱ
õĿһֳЦݣʮܵģ
УǺúˡ
˵ֹͣ٣˵ζĺںͷء
Ǵͣټ룬̲סĵһ
첻״ǾԸɡҲ֪Ҫʲôʱܺãſȥ¶Ҫѹɷɻˡ
ţ
õߵſڿš
ǹܼŴ
С㡣ܼҹϴ꣬һȥ͡
ΪϢʱ䲻ͬ׼˵ǸԸġõ˲䷴Ӧ׷Ҫˡ
˵סڶ¥¥Чֻжȥ
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ϵͳҪӽš
[ӦԵĲܰ˵Ļɻƫֵ]
ģ˵ˣҲٸͷҵĻᡣ
õط˹ϴϸѡ˽촩·˳㻹Լ˸˸ױԺ̵ϵͳĴߴȥ
ܼеʱѾȥ˽һСʱ
׷ѾͣڲǰŲס
衣
Ӷ˰׷λõ٣ȴɫ糣ȥ
ոҲǺϵͳװװƶѣλ׷ˣﻹЩŵġ
Сôôࣿ
׷˹ȻûΪԼٶõضЦȻ
裬ôţ
õȨԼϣ˵Ҷجˣһ϶˯ž
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㰡
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Ҫجξú£ȫ裬ƫƫҪֵӶҪǱȥעǲǴӶһ鲻˯
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ĸ˵£ǳ绰˵Ҫ㡣
ԭĸףδأ˵ǼΨһסԭˡ
׷˵仰õԶĶͣס
µӣ裬ĸ׿϶ҵģ
Ů飬׷ϹЦԺ󣬻ΪĸҪѵ㣬ҿɲҲ֡
Ҫٲͣﱻѵľͳˡ
Ů̫£ǲһ䣺ĸҲ˵˵ŻŻˡ
˵׷˻Щ
ϾŮˣŮܹע̰浹˵ùȥҪ˸ŰŮӰ컹ǱȽϴġ
ֳô£Ӧÿըˡ
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֪׷Ըﶼ飬õ׷˵ĻԺ󣬵ǰȵطˡ
Ϊ׷˽ԼҲѵԼ䣬Ȼ׷˲ûкǳ䣬ûòԡ
ˣõ۵׵ĺЩ
ѹԭӡ
ĸŮֻ£õԸҲ˽͡
ͣõЩԵȥķȥ
·СסԷ컹ûȥɨɣ
ΪСҪԼлȥСͷţҪȥҲ֪ҪŪòܻأǲʲôǵСźӶ˲ģС㲻ˡ
Сãû˱ˡԼһ仰ϲСõЦеּ䣬СҲܺŶҺϲСͷȥɣȥʱ˳ƽй


16 
СɫʧߣõЦⲻ˹ݼȥ
С޶Ų̣ظ档
ͣڶ¥
˲ŸտݣһԵĹ߷
СԽԽѸˡ
Ǯķ̰ɣ
˵Ҫˣ˸߼ˣСеĿ޿
Ц
վڴССһĶҪѾð亹ҧ
һѡ
С˱Ҫһٶ׼ҵġ
ţȴСûƵģϵЦݶû鲻ģ
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Ļȣ˾ڣ
ҽˣŴÿ·Ӳڴϵ壬õЩȵؿФ죺ʲôˣ
С㣬һͿС·Ҫϴ裬Сȥ͡ˡ
Ф˵˵ţۿͺˡ
ʹͷԷŵĳ޺Ứ˲ۿת
һ컹оĵۣʵںСָԼһޡ
ڴС㿴񻹲ûЦؿԼŮˣ
壬ֲ԰
Ф˿ĵֵ顣
СʲôʱԱЦ
λС㣬С㶼û֮ǰҲϲġ
Լ֣Ф۵׻ҡ
ҪĵóˣǵùĲԼ
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֪ڵԼǸƺ«ҲûȥĻش𣬶ǽСްù
Ϊ׼Źࡣ
СףҨᴵ˴ŷŵߣ

ȥʧѪò԰׵Ĵ˲
ĿС󡣰۵ϺȻһɫָӡ
δ˭Ƥ۳ӣһնѣԷ־ôӡӡ
ͻȻԼ󣬲ûȥԷĲӡ
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˷ܶͻȻĵڽ԰ŵ죬ֱĸоͶ̶ֳȵʹľ
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ôң
ǰĴСǲԼɱ⣬ǹɬȻϰԼúÿңҲǻẦߵġ
۵׵˷˲ʧƲĿ⣬ɤƣС㣬ҵûϡ
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ţ֡
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Ŀָͣϣָĺܳ״Ҳܺÿ
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Խ壬Խˡ
ĴҲ֡
Ըе
룬鶥һŵߵԼǹǽڷԼ룬߻ԸеƵ
[һ]
ҺѡõһҪԼѵĻͲܲ˵ֱӰ˯ˡ
ҪǿȡᣬӲϹĻٷְٺڻֻˣԺٺúð˺嵽֡
壬ǲҵˣ
巴Ӧ䵭ίˡֲԼΪԼͷҲԼ嶪԰ƾʲôԼӰ
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17 
һ㶣ɵͷġ
õЦţ˰ӹͷ崲ǰ̺Ҳ˹
壬ŵɫ˰
ƵķӦҪһЩֻǿˮް̺˼ɫ΢ף
壿

õ˹ؽݸƣǿɫѿӡ
򵥵࣬˵ͯ궼塣ƣֻҪӮңҾ͸һô
һ
Ƶɴۣ١
Сʱľ壬һҲ֪ĸӶ磬Ͱȫëë棬һʱûע⣬ץһѳӳŵûɢҲ塣
ڣĶˡ
һĶӶʱӰ
ȷһӺ󣬰õͷ壬ʮȻشЩ棬˵Сʱϵܺãǰ϶Ҳһɣ
ԣƿ˲Щš
СʱЩƤӦûôСǳڰɣ
ڣ̬䵭ܣš
˿תͷǸС㺬Ц壬һĨĸо
С󣬼ߵ˶ĿȫԼϣû򻵣ûһ⣬С㣬֮ǰҲǱԼԵߵ
ܾСԼϲûôǿˡ
С㡣
ڣڶԷ񿴹֮ǰӷ̣Ѿˣˡ
õԵͷյӣ壺ļǳãҲţ͵ҵľʦɡ
˵嵱ʦҲûĵȶԷԼı־Ͱһӷ̡
͵һӸ˷ǳԶľ룬˵ر
һ㶣ĨơСԼˮҲŵ̫˰ɣ
ͨͨţһСķӣһ͵͵õ
Щ˶ͬǱ״СǿдߵģǱλСһ뵽׼͵ġ
˵״С˰ԣСԼ׷Ҳûʲôͬ
õӷŵһһԶ
ƷԼĵĸӣֻһҪӮˡ
̲ס壬۵״Щ
ɣ׼ôѽʹڽ԰ֵطһػɴСԾ۶ء
žડ
õһӷ½ǣҺмˡ
סͼӵĶˣﰡûӮ𣿡
ǽס
ͷٴȷɫûһģֻԼһ򴽣С㿪ʲôЦѽɫҵء
õñӵֱһȥԼĺӣ
һⲻպˣ
⻰һ䰲˼롣
վڰõСϵıЩŹ֣ЦּﲻסŤ顣
嶼̧ͷ˰õǰõԺͷһôؿȥ
͵ҡ
ߣõЩЦ⡣
[ǰҪ뿴ڿЦǾǵɵ]
ϵͳ²ۣõֱƵֱƣҪƷ䲻𡣡
˵棬ڿĵȰһλӡ
ޱʸʶջԼ֣ٻعʱǰİ״СѾڵͷӡ
ţɱһӡ
ԼԺ󣬰õؽԼһ滻мǸӡ
Ȼ̧ͷЦеģˡ
㻺ۿ˲ˣС㣬µģ
ô᣿õصɴۣƣҶʮˣôһ᲻֪𣿡
˵ţһԵ壺壬ǲµġ
ҲſȥԾؾʹ˵У壬ǲµģ
԰մ޵ɫװ
µ𣿡
˼룬˼ǿᣬѾʣͲµģ
䣬Ӿžһ˦ϣֱԿٲ
Ȼֹɴۣš
ǰĴСѾɫ˼ǣҴˣ
˵ţõСޣҴˣ
С޿ٵС㣬û
˵ţƣۼᶨСǴˡ
[һָ¹Ϊ]
ϵͳٴγ²ۡ
סԸߡõĲڿίֱԺ󣬻װģ̾Ϣ
ʲôѽ
һʻȻƸίˣҪǮƵ
ΪŮȻҲǳ÷ǳÿģС˵ͷ޵ÿ
һԵ忴档
Щ֪ʵˡ
ƳΣõٿȻģԺһ˲һ顣
˵ģء
Լһμʱ岻޵
ʱԼأôɿ޵ôҼԭǱ˴ƫˡ
ⷴɻǸѧ˾
ѹסӿߵЦ⣬üͷ˲ƽҲˣˣҴˡ
һԵͫ׵


18 
֪СֻҪһޣ˭
ԼСݴʱһӦʾԼܸصĳͷ
ϸһԼյı֣ĿֿٵϻٿЭǸС㣬ż𺡣
Ϊʲô
޵òԣ
˳һỨգգۣˮȴۻ£ۡ
޵ʱҪ΢΢̧ͷñ˿ԼҼģ
ÿһǶԵġ
Լվɱؽ˽԰ȴܵϧ
õǿı仯ƵģƵ͵ķˣ£Ȼ̽ңô
ģǸΪֺİЭĳˡ
Ƶƽ״ССͽԣ֪ôº
ͷš
տ꣬Щкö˿˵űֿɰ
ţëİ״С㡣
ֻǿϧǰСû˿Ӧǿ̿档
ҧȰӷ̣ȻؽĹ
Ŷ
õͷġ
˵˵ӵʱ£Ҳȥơ
ĸӵʱѾĸӡ
СϲСһ˵һԼˡһ뵽ԼҪôǮƵֶò
ӣһϷţһԼһԺҪô
Ȼһ룬ͼõñӱؽŪɢ
ֽڰС
û˼
õɨһְͨȫɨͰȻſƣ̫û˼ˣƣİɣ
һ򡭡ûˡ
ķˡ
˲̬ȫǻίֱѹƲסӿؿɹ˲ʲôÿÿˡ
ۡ
ʮĴˣֱޡõ棬ܿƵı塣
ŮȷǶʮ겻ɣõ͵͵ۣԭʮ꣬˵úƽء
[Ů۸̫ˣ߽עŶҪѾ]
㲻ʰŮĹϵ𣿡
õ̾ϢţͷСʹ˸ɫ
С޲ϵŮӶֻһ۵ݹȥԷ˲˼ű޵ȥˡ
ĿԶȥ˲䰲
һ뵽ԼŪԺǱС飬õ̲סЦ
ǹɢˡ
õҲûԱ߻λԼҪԵˣյģ̾һҲǵģЦѣͿ޳
˵ţ壺
Ҳţ͸һ¼ɣһҪӮңϸһ򡣡
Ŵû˵
в
õſϣԴ壬ƯϺȫĻдϡ
оܾȨ
׻һ⣬޷С׽Ū˰ˡ
á
Ӧ¡
֮Уٸܶ಻㣬ʱ˰õ
ˣҲ߲ˡ
Ӻκܿ챻ŮӶת˸򣬰õɫͰ
ִӡ
ȥã䣬ָഥԷִ⣬ĸоܲãߣΣ
Ѹջ̧֣ͷСЦ̣һ˼ģ
СС۶ﳤְֻֻĻȸܻĶߡ
Ĵ
崹һ̡
ֶ䣬˭˭ʲôأ
㲻̽𣿡
õ⣬˵ŽӷںӵԱߡ
ټһ̣һһĪǶԣ̧䴽Ц㿴
ԥطһӣѵüвκ¶ȣ򵥵࣬ͯ궼塣
µĺոյλúԶ
ԷԼ֮ǰ˵ĻֻԼõü˸ӡ
ذɸźӡ
Ӻİõ̧Ĵ壬޲޺û˿Ŷķâǹԡ
˺С
أĿײ
õŹκˢᣬŶԷգգۣˡ
岨ŵٴηԶĵط
͡
õĶɰֱЦü䣬ǣŹԣƫƫҪ̧ͷĵͷԼã
ôôɰ
һʧɫǰ˲ֳֻһЦݵƯӡ
΢ôһ˲Ļ񡪡Ѿܾû˳Ц
ǲ
Ļˡ
̰òȴʹλ˵ԼһĴС㣬ҲڼͶԼ¶Ŀ⡣
񣬽Сٴ¶ƵЦݡ
أ
λСԼϲּܼ죿


19 
󱳵ֿʼʹ
䵭ؿС㣬ˡ
еҪⳡƵ֡ҲãѵҲգֻҪͺá
Է̬ʣõҲʧ䡣
ԭȻûжˣ嶪ڰ׼Ҳܲˣ衣
һǺؽ԰˵ף嵱ȻôԼ
ٴΰѰӷںԱߣ㿴ܵĶǿܰ䡣
˵ţζس׸ۡ
ֻǵͷžһӷһԶλãû̧ͷԸ
õʮˣٴν
һ룬彫һӷȥ̧ѣ
ˡ
ţ
õͷȥ̣ĸӺӡ
ǰӻǺӣûȫһġ
ˡ
õûﻹ̵ͦģҲǽ̻˵Ϲʦˡ
»غ͸ȷˣԱƱ
ȻֺǣõϻȵסûڣʮƽصͷãӮˣʱùܼҰǮ㡣
״Сϵ̫죬ڸոֻѶԷֵðζû
ϴȻ
ͷûСɨңԷıҲûӵԼϡ
ʶϵӻڣǰĸԱ߶иӲĵţһʤĺȴεӰֻ
һ˵ȻȻԵֲ
Ӯˣһ̧ͷĿŰط
Ȼõ˼ЦһģƷõúܣ

εĳĬ
õҲûټ壬Ȼͦ˼ԷǸ˻ô˵ҲöϢϢ
ţ
Ϣˣˡ
ߵøɴӶǰӺ̶ˣŻع
ٴΰֻʣһλŮӶ
ĿҷżӾʹӰ״СǶõһФﲢܡ
Թϻܡ
ˣ˾͸úúţʲô壿
˵أ
ʧһФȻȻذԹעϣԼ찤һӣջúܡ
ײٶ嶯֡
ѾԹ˽ѵСȤҪǺǰһ׵ľǹײ
ֻñѹԹ巿š
緹ڷǱߵŮӶŲͳƺܴ󣬵Ф򿪸һʽȴ嵭ء
һ˲ȥ
Եء
˵չСӶܸСԵܶóζĶ
ɵˮӶ˲Ͷʢ
Ѳһţͷ鲻Ըؿ壺С㣬Էˡ
ſڴ躹ޣɫûθڣȷŰɣԡ
֮ǰ̫ãһʱûסԵЩš
仰ȴֱӵȼФĵȼŵǹɻ𣺡С㣬ڶˣʲôСƢ
⻰ʵ̫ȡ֣ƽ޲ﲻκҲ˵ôؿǰŮӶ
һֿС񣬴ųӡ
Фú٣ֱ޲ƯȼƣɢĨ۵İ⡣
ʲôΪס¥ǰ׼ҵˣ
Ťţ
һɧѣ˵ȥҶӶˣҳˣӲԷ
ŮӶֵذѷȫߣŲͳ뿪䡣
ʮӣˣƢԷϢ㴫˰õǶ
ʵͽСŮӶ޵۾ͨ죬ίַȻسԼԹ巢Ƣ¶
С㣬СƢʵڴ󣬲С͹ȥͣǰ׼С˵ЩԵԡ
õף棬۵Цˡ
Ǻܲ׼Ͱ
ɲ
ФѸٽӻǲͳϵˮٻһģô͸˳ؤųԵĶ˵ȥҲӶˡ
ʱ忴ԼǸŬѰŴʻ㣺ֺ䡭ִų˿
Ф˵һ䣬õԺ˲ֳһĻ档
˪ְ⡣
ķ
׼СõЦЦĿٴФϣҲҴֻؿڣ
ĸҪˣҲøƽϣȥɡ
˵ţԱߵóȻʯ΢΢ݵФǰ
Ŵ
ȥɡ
Фܳʯϲ̵ˡ
[ǸŮӶĻ]
ȻûС
õ̲סʧЦô룿ô𣿡
û緹¿϶ġ
һϵͳ̲סֵ
[ȥͣ緹]
𼱡
õۣ͸ڶԷʱ֣ʱ϶°빦
ǲ˵
ƫƫҪԼǸڡ


20 
룬õɢɢشϳ͹Ͳȥ巿䡣
ǴϾͿʼģһݣŨζɢ˷ÿ䡣
ڴſ˯̧
˰
õᳵ·Ҫ£ؿ̤һۣһ١
ƣܿڱϷּԼĴֲںڷ
ԭɫͷϸʺܺãһˣȻ
ĿڴͷվŵФϡ
õͣϵʱ̫Фŵóһ亹оԷԼһҪ̱ȥ
ֺֻޣ
Լǹ𣿴СĶϲԼôô󵨣Ϊ弸͸ȥСרΣ
õϣ˳ָݹɼ͵˻ԼĶԺġ
ڴССȻҲǿۺͱϵͷһФ졣
ФĽ˲ɢˣϽͷҷϣС㡭ң
Ŷ㡣õ̵תͷ壬Ǿˣ
޴ФһǻĻ˲йĳڣǣСģ
С粻С׼ͣСһ١
ȻȻϣôȰ˵ӼȻķ䣬Ǿӣ
廰˶ġ
ФжƵú޸ҲԽ˵Խ˳ǲǵһθɡ
ǰӶǲСĴʲôⷸʲô뷽跨Ƶϡ
ٵ弸Ӷ˵İӡ
ǰ׼ˣҲʲôˣð׼˵ϲ
ǣ١
ܱ˵ʲôš
𣿡
õϵЦȥ壬˿棬𣿡
ǰδе档
屻̵Ѹٴ۵һɡôһ˲㱻ԷƻŶԷĳ嶯
С󣬼û˻ԼԺԼһ䣬ǲԼġ
ָоİҲ
˭ѵ֪ǰԼŵˡǲԼɵģȫƾСһ仰˵ʲôû塣
ԣӿߣٴѡĬ

ԷӦõֻصǸƬڵ͵ʱǸƸ۸ʱСƺȫûʲô
Ȼ
Դصһۣ̾Ϣţûټƽ£°һιһ޿κεӡ
״Ф˿ԼӦ졣
оԱСŮӶı仯İõѹĵ׷ӿһֻ³
侲侲
Ȼ尮ԩͷԼʲôС
ƣ
ԽԽ
ʲڶһԵФ죺
̫ˣ̧ȥϴɾ˸ͻҪǱҷһĵط滹һͷӾͲҪˣһµġ
˶ֲһ䣺Խб˰æ
⻰ФɴۣС㣡
ŴΣмַǳޣϺõĻľǳزҲ׸
ҪϴĻôɣ
⡭ŪģţոǸȻѾԼƭˣеǻίƾʲôҪϴ
ƾС㣬ֻǸӶˡ
˵ţõɫȥ
Ϻͽ̤ϵۣϵĽ벻øǲΣ
źˣǽӣȻķ䣬ӣˣΪӶˣӦӦðϴɾ¶ɲãڰ׼ʲôӸҹȥ
С㷢Ƣ׵úܣնý
Ф˲ȲȥӣѾ档
ֻǿϧû˻ϧ
ʵǴ˼·̶ðõڣѾŵͣ˶
ͣС޸ǰ
ԵؿСޡ

ǡڴʱĴСͻȻĳФ˲˿Ȼһ룺
Űӿȥˡ
Ф͸ſͼ۵һ޳ǰСѾѸٳšһѣǼĿȥ

־֮»ôһФ쾹һֱŵûȥ

״õͷһ
Ϳסˣ
˵˵˦Ͳͦ
С㣿ȷԷιȥˣС̽Եؿõ
õͷӻ֣ȥɣ˳˰ӿȥʲôʱˣʲôʱϴӡ
ҪϲѣǲֱСһˣ
СƤһСĶúܣӻǶƵġ
ûʮˡ
ϽӦ¡
һڣ˶ˣҲֱӺˡ
崲ǰ
ɢؿʿˮ
õһ϶ģףҨһᴵţͷô¶ȡ
¶ȸոպá
䴽塣
ʱζӶǺģԷĶ΢ѡ
СĶࡣ
壺Ҳ
û˵ͿԷͻȻ˶ŵصɴۡ


21 
ֻǰ⽿СҨ࣬ԥؾͷŽԼӣС
СĶĿ䣬СİĨǣһСɫ;Ĵϣצۼˡ
ĻСĵ
㲻
Ǹһƣݺϡ
ƫƫʱߴﹾһ졣


˶Ĭ˺һ彩ӲõЦҨݵ崽ߣ
һ㣿
ζʵ̫ˣ֪Լþܾʹأǵͷ׺
ǻ˲ȫȡ
ʶʣһڸȥֵһס
һڽһڣܿס
[Ҫ]
ϵͳ̲סٴ²ۡ
õһ߽˰Ѳ˹һüѾ˵ˣո˵ôû𣿡
ϵͳ
ˣҲˡ
Ҳ˿Ѫɫ
Ͷι壬õµϣЩϰߡϲӣܾû֮ǰǸ
ĸ׻
˵Լ֮ǰ׼õɣһӦʣ֪Լ˵ʲôʲôɣ
ɣƶʲô⣬ָЩʲôõķҸöԷŷɡ
ԭΨһµĸ׾ɡ
Ҳʱ˻ûţԹԵؼ˵
ҪңǰһҶԼ̣ҿԷ뿪
һ䣬˷Ӧ̧ͰõĿԡ
˫ںڵܴ͸ĵУõ˿壬۵ӣ䴽
Ժ𣿡
Ĭ
ĵ׺š
ǰǰλСһٶƾԺ˵񶾵в
Ҿܾң壬㻹ԼǰɣҸ㣬СһҲϡ㣬ңƫóѣӴԺҰ׼ұػţʬҲҪͣڰ׼ҷ÷
һ꣬ȷʵλС˵ڰ׼ұػš
񣬶Էȴ˵뿪
Ϊʲô
㿪ڣɳƵȫɻ
Ѿˣ
õü룬ֲһ䣬˵ˣϵҺƶԣǸʱը
ΪһֱŶĹȡ
ԭԴҵ²ɵģλνȴйŮĺ¡
ʵԭҲҪӲϹֻǺ˵ЩҪ㷢Լİ⣬뱧ơ
ϧߣñȵ廹ҪңСԭˡ
ͬǷƷñ廹һЩ˵ȴȻͬ
巴ԭԭֱӰ嶪ڰ׼ҲŲʣɱ衣
Ʒԭ۵òˣԼҵСҪûˣƻΪԼ˵¶ܷԸڻǰ͸ϽưƸ塣
Ҳûԭʧ˦塣
˾÷̵
ô
õ֮ǰϳ׼ҵŮˣһһվɸ㣬ͬʱһǧĲѡ
˭˵һ޴ջ
üȴƽ԰׵Ƥϣָƽ޲ڴ̧ͷƯ޳Ĳ¶ڰõǰУ
ˡ
*
һֱҹĻ٣õûΪʲôܾ
ⲻǺܺõһλ
һ԰Ѱ׼ңԼĻᡣ
[жɣܻ׾ٵģ߽Ƕ룬ӦԼ]
ԣõͷššü
׼ѵû¶ӣ̶ʱ䶼ԭĸ׵ĻʱƳ١
ڿɳԱ߾ϲǵİ׷ˡ
ĸ׻ˣһҪţ
֪衣
õüġ
ͷۡ
ôָоأ
ž֪иʱըԼƫƫ֪ʱըõʱǶá
õֲԼ֮еĶ
տʼƫֵų⣬Ѹٹ۲еĹɣԼÿβٽ㣬סǸȣԼͣڰȫ
ԭĸ׿ɲЩݡ⼸ĹѾ֪ԭĸǸĴڡ
׼˰֥һĸΪæµڼҵŮˡ
˵֥ڻʮ켸ûʲôϾʱ䣬ֻڹǰص׼ңͼһꡣ
껹һ¡
Զ׼λ˵еĸʲôѵԼˡ
õٴ̾Ϣ
ĸ
ʾͲϲ
ԼԭǸĸףһˡ
ߵ㣬ڰõꤾҪ̲ȥʱӵ
׷ųһ˿â֥ˣ
Ƭ̣ĸŮ˴õѸɨȥǸƳŵŮˣĺܺãࡣ
˲䣬նƱ͡
ѹˡ
ȻĿض˰õϡ


22 
õϵëըΣϮ򴽣۵״˿
ձøӽʱ׷˾˾죬Щˣ
֥㣬һͶ˦ɫ𣿣
󣬰õؿŰ֥һ붼һҪὣԼı飬һᣬ˿Σôᡣ
Ҳûһߵ׷ߣʮְԵŰ׷Լ
ͷڰ׷˶ͷһǡ
ĳ棬õ˼˼롣
ûӦ֥ĿѾɨ˹õȥ鷿ҡ
ٶȿĿࡣ
֥㣬õõûԷأ
׷Сѡ
֥һٲԶ
ԣ׷֪ǲıˣֻؿԼŮȥɣúĸ׵ĻҪ㡣
˵ţõգգۡ
յ׷˵İʾٿݰ׷˳ԼüŪ۵İ֥õɺܶ࣬ǰżҲйЩŮ˺Ҳûôˡ
õġ
ɵͷ¥ȥ
ϵͳʾҵ֥鷿沿ʶ𣬰õվȥžͳԼˡ
Сȥ
ô˵أ
鷿ܴȻ֥һûԾһȾжڷŵ÷ǳ룬͸Ϣ
һŴȫʵľҾߣ÷⡣
˴һŴľΣ鷿ֻʣܵˡ
ĿԴΡ
ĵطûУõӣֵַƬ̣Ͳסתȥ
˽ò࣬˵ܷӳһʱĶվʷǰֱҪȥǱ
ס֣
һͻȻ
õһ˻һתͿܲİ֥

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ôһ˲䣬Լǻصѧʱ򣬴ʱ˿̾±νе칫Ұѵ
֥ԼİΡ
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Ҵʲôˣ
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۵ײԾմЩҡ
˼ʮ˻Դȥ˹ص԰ΪԼʧȥӶˡ
˵󣬰֥ϵŭѾΣ׮׮⼸췢¶㻹֪Լ𣿣
˵꣬ݺһȴϵıͲϵ˵ߡ

õѵñס˰׷ų谮ԼģͻȻһųԼŭ治ϰߡ
ȷ״ССڼ˵簮гɳ̲סϵͳ
Żͷ­һµ̬
֥ԭļУڱ5%Բûͳݿء
֮ԭ֥ĸ׾͸İûʲôʲô
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ĸϡ
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ԴǸ⣬Ҳû裬Լ˹ؽȥģ˵Ұ˷ųء
ߺܴ֣õľսϽ͡
ңҪʧߣҰӶ˶гһһܷ巢ա
֥ôҲ÷㣬Ӧÿ𣿡
ҲǸ˼
ʲô˼֥ЦĳŮˡô㣬㾹Ȼжϡ
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֪ԭȷʵǷ͸˹̣ܽǻԼĸס
һ룬ʵûԼǰİ֥кøˡ
ԥԥǰ˳ȥ
۽ĳϣܵ͸ź죬ȥܲµ޻һŴŴ
ž
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û뵽֥ȫȣһȥֱӽ۵þһջ֡
ĵ˲䴫ȫԵ˲䲻ܿƵս۵ò֣ǰһƬģ
ƫƫ֥Į
һǷŰ裬²Ǻ
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صӣõͷƳѾ׵ϸߵ֣Ѿȫˡԥ˼룬ǰֵ˳ȥ
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ĸףҡ
û˵꣬
˻
ƴҧסûܰǾкڡ


23 
֥һ˲˲صŰõһǷ̲ܽԼֵµ˶á
˴ˣ
˵ȥҪЦ󷽣
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˼ǣҵĳǸͰ˹ؽ԰Ķ
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Ȼǰλ̵һŮ˶Լ˾أԼҪǸ˵ͷ˵÷
ǳӴʵ̫ʹˡ
ǵԼĸ׶ԼִѹʽҲûж֣Ѿ۵ˡ
Ҳ˼ðΣ۾֪ͣˣѾֲˣҶóԺúȵдѾԭ¡
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ˣȻȥٳЩɡܼҵ
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ѺӴȥӲҩôˣΪ˵㣬ûüԣȥ͵㷹ôˣ
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СһԿ޺ţҿСѽôôݵģŶ۰
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С޶˶񣬸רע׵Ĳҩ
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24 
һõԹ˲Ͼûȥ壬չФѱ֥롣
ѵûз˵ĲӬɫѵſڴϣŪһССľżˡ
ľż˽컯ΣʣФģ
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⼸ΪÿܳȥɢϢ񡣶ôһȦӣóԸ
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ǿɾ˵ˡ
ţͻȻ˶
ɫһ䣬һľż˲˳˽ȥԴ۾
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˵ţǵ˵ݣҪ㴵
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ﵽ˶壬ڴϣǻڷӿŭ
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Լ꿪ʼͲᣬͻٸ壬ʮѾȫھ
Ů˵Ǿٸ壬ܴһ⣬˵΢Щͻ֡
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֥һ֪ʲôڸ㡣


25 
ӽ쿪ʼÿŰ׼ȦûȦһ춼׼Է
˻
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Ȳ˵ԼԭΣ͹ƾһ٣ҲûϢãһԵĻҪȥܲ˵ԭĽС㣬͵˵õԸܻɵɵЭ
㲻ûİ֥һϺеӾ͸˵һ飡
˵Ҳõظоϵͳû˼Ц̧ͷȻʹҺˣҲңӲңұƫֻҵĴÿλֻ֪ѵҡ
ǰİ֥·𿴼Լĸףĺ˵ĻȴܿƵشЩ:ƾʲôҪڲҾģ㻹ôʲô
˵꣬תط䡣
ȻԼҲЩӻѣڰ֥Ӧ֮ǰѸٷš
⣬֥һڡ
ȣӶǶҿսҴһ¡
ڰ֥Ҫʱİ׷˼˵˵ǰ˸קˡ
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˵ʵڵģͦ°֥һȹȻ֥û棬ȷǶԷܸɳ¡
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ǰ֥ҲãĸҲգǴŰӵĻӸԭԼ˺
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[֥ڽӷȷʵǷףͼ˾࣬Ů˽ȫƾ˵ֻŮŮԼȫͬԺ󣬾һֱΪԭƫ]
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[ϵͳ߽飬ȫð֥ԼƱظһ]
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ԭоУԭӦҲ۷ǳߣ߻İ֥ǰƳԭҽ̡
˵Ǽҽ̣ʵֻǰ֥ڰõߵ߰ˡ
ԭ֪۶ƣȥĶҲˣƲŻʶԼĹ䡣
İ֥ѾʶԼ˹̣ܽҪҪð֥֣ʺϷԼߵߡ
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ӵĿߣ֥üԺԶֳϰõԼĻ档
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׷ŭ⣺ޣ࣡

ʵڵĸŮĹϵԽԽ׷侲룬ֵ֪㲻ڵõõ㲻Ҫÿ·ݵʱ򣬼岻ǻ֯һ˶ʲô𣿡
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˵ŮԸ⣬Լ᲻ŮȥЩ߶ѲЩͻᱧűȹǰ׼
˵㽿:˵ˣ˵˵ȥΪ𣿡
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ðõĳͷ׸á
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26 
׷͹ʱ򣬰õŸճһΡСͨ籨ţط䣬ϸվʹ˸á
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⺢ôˣ׷˿ûɫΪŮΪ鷳ƲƲĸ֪ˣֵ÷㡣
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׷ҲûȥڣͰһȥ׷˻ֱ֣ѽ
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Ϊõ֣׷˿˺һ󣬰õ˵˵ŰȰסȻ󣬾ͼ׷Ȱضһࣺ
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裬ҡ
û˵꣬׷Ҿ֪⺢ǰҲһǺˡ
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׷ȴţ⺢˵ԾͲԵģйúܣôܻ͵͵ȥ˵Ķԣ˵˵ȥ㻹

ֻһĬĬڰ׷˵ĸ
׷˴Ǿί˺ӣǸͶι˲ٶ
Ⱥò˰׷ˣõĶѾŵùԲ̱ܵò붯
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͸
Ϊһɣ͸ñ˾ñǰԼһС
𣿡˻Լͷ֣ζ㿴Ϊ㣬˶ٿడĸ׸˵ҪٸΪ㣬ҪҶȥˡ
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˼ȥȷʵĲԡ˵ǰһס֣Դӽ쿪ʼǾǹô
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ǰ֥ĵ̾Ϣһ̧ŮԴӲֻĸвҩ˸㣬㵽ʱȥá
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ǺŮӲָɰͣǺ壬ǴĿǡ


27 
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ǰҩˣ壬ڻڰ֥ǶٱԼ
ûûأӵ󣬰֥ȻҰšͲԺֳʲô¶
С㣬˼
С˲۾ФǸŮˣȻұС㣬˵Ȼýѵһ
Լ⼸챻СȥɨŮӶ˽Լ䳰ȷʱȥѵФ죬ÿɱӺ
С˼ѪƵ뿪ģõ̲סЦ
ҵ˼ˣ
˼С˼ͬһ˼
[ݷӦȥФ鷳]
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ȻٱЩУȷʵЩɵģֲʲôˣؽϣԼùԼùҲ̫̹
Ʊػᴫ֥Ƕ
Ѿ󵽰֥֪ԺʲôˡʱԼ϶ⲻһҪǰ֥һ㣬ٸԼһٴ
ͷ۰
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֥㣬ǲ֪ѽõõɰԺˡ
һأһҹõõ֪ѧĹӣƫƫҪĺ⣬ùȥȥˣҪͽֿңŪüӶѽȫ׵ղסǾúЦְ졣
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һ㶼Ц
ƫƫ׷˲ôΪ·𿴲ӲŮɫȻӣЦ
õõѽĳõòˣżż˺ÿСèС᲻˼ܿġ
ҼǵһأҺõõһȥׯ԰·ϿõСŮϻƯƯС
СίôƶѵļͥõõСܿ࣬ӢƵİС˹Сһֱǰ׼ҡ
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õԷĶ΢١
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׷˵ͷ:ȻðװֵģСƵģǲ֪˼ӵĸֲűõõϣӵǼҡ
ôûõ״Ʋʡ
׷:ڱǱ߰ɣ㲻ܵңһֱ˩ţֻϽ
ԣõ˿
侲˼·һЩõֹ
Ǳ˼ŵĹѹؼҾ˼𣿸Ǯ
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͵͵Ƴһ۰֥Ѿڵú͹һˡ
׷˻ڼһء
衣оʲô£õЦùһӵԵѽ
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СȥФ䳰ȷһ٣Ǽɵżˣò֣ûҰִ԰֥ûФ챻ʰ£֪˵ѹûܣֻ۱ֻۣõ㰲ȹ졣
һ̽Ű֥Լ̶ȣһ߸С£ֻ֥䶢Լ
֥òŮĽ˰ɣõеСʧ
[ҲԷһֱںŬ]
̡ͦ
õ䴽ߵ԰ͿһϤӰ
塣
˺õúܿ죬˸տʼʵʵڶ¥ķţͰԼķ䡣
õ֪֥ʲôЭ飬֮ûԼӦʱѾˡ
ҪȥؿǣһŹ˲䣬õϵıЩס
ʧ˼롣
ǰ׷ڷ˵Ƿõĵĵǵ
װ֣СƵģ仰ǰй
ȸëһ˧ĳС
õС
׷˵ÿûǸ˻塣
С㣬ҪҪСйСһֱǸ忴СΪϽǰһʵ
á
õɿܾ
Ǳ߿ֲ̧˲ͷϵĺϵͳûһֿܣԭ¹


28 
ϵͳĬ룬ûκβĻеðõ˼ֻ
[ԭ¹ϵͳܰʾûкʵתɣֻҪֳ¹ͽԶжΪ]

õ̧üģͷۡ
ƽȱ¹
ù鹦ĸס
һҾļͥгǮѷ
ǸȻͬͬԿɻ飬ŮΪĸŴ壬Եᣬ˵һĸ׳ͨͥȴ۽խռˡ
˸ʶҶǱ˴˵ĳԭ֣бҵ󳹵׶ϵȻ
˶гᣬͬѧۻټ֮󣬺ܿƾԲˡ˺ŵԣҲ˵ֿԭֱЯĵá
Ȼ
˸տʼദû㲻ºӣì˲ͨͨ
˵ľò̫󣬺ֵܶһΨһƵֻǿҵģΪӶװģ
Ź
ԶƵķڼﾭݵϷ롣
׻ؼҵĴԽԽ١ĸֻһͨͥŮˣԸֺҵӦ꣬Ӧ
ĸ׺ʵر˳Ц
⣬ĸΨΨŵŵԼ˵һ仰͵ˡүү̱Ͷĸ׵ĳ⣬Ϊǳ󣬼岻ߣǸǶĸ
Ȼĸ׾ͰԹϡ
Сĸ׵Ĵѹʽ³ɳôԶòĸ׵Ͽɡ
ĸԶǱ˼Һӡ˼ҵĺӷŸƨģôŬֻõԼĸùˮ
ҲСʱΨΨŵŵԱеԸ
ôΪһЩԼҲǲС£ĸ׽ؽСݣ淴ʡû뵽ҲСĹ档
ĸĹȮСȮСƽʱһСɰƢ˳˭û뵽⼸һͻȻսƵġ
Сķտռ䣬˴һ飬Ѫȶֱ
ʹû˺˼ռôȻȻ
ϻϡ
ȳȥʱֱѾѪģ޵˺ѣ˵
ԹӰ
ʹʦװĸ׵Ӱ̥ǣɹԹĿ־Ծɲ
õһʧǱȻע⵽
С㶢ſ˴죬ҪֱӵͷߣֻᱻץСӱʰ
ֻԥ˼룬ǣŹ״СǶȥ
ûǰͿ״Сһ
ͣ¡
ź⣬ü֪Լ
󣬾ͼ״С޵ĿǣŵĵȮϣ˿ԺǣŹͱǰգжϸ
˵꣬״Сתߡ
ĵһ˸Ƿ̧Դ壬Բ۾ȫǲ⡣
崹֡
ʪ妵Ĵһ飬ͷǴһ˫۾ϡ
巴Դ˵⡣
ʲôأ
İ״Сϲֶ
ԭվʱ̫ЩסͼߡһֱڣҲȺ˹
ѵÿԳȻ಻ס
ײ״С㣬û¥ǱȥǴŵűȦ
׼Ҽ״СǸƵģܣҲûײλǹϡ
ոŹյСǰĳ˿
Ӵ֦ͷС޹ˣ
Ŷɫµķһ̣ЦЦġ
ֱӺӣǣŹ෽ĹǱߡ
״üͷ
ȻҺԼ
ôУõһλȻȲϰ׼ңҲŵϺţǰ׼Ҽʱ򣬶̬Ҳ
Ϊ£ﲻ˶̬ȶˡ
ͺܶࡣ
ƫƫиһغԼộ
Ե徭ԼǰֱӺ壬ɨɾҴܣ
ָָذ壺㿴డ
˳ָȥϲʱҸ𡣡
˻һ˷˸ۣˣưɨ˼ıһлûУƸƣҪҪ
ˡ
۵ϲɳԲ壬ֿٳȥ˼СĻԸ
仰Ч˲䰲
ǰԺ󣬱һӾ˺ü
ǱΪСû뵽С㲻ûÿһǮͰǴˡ
ҲǸʱǲޱʶ״СȶȣѾʧȤ
ţʵȷʵˡ
ڰ׼Ҷûܡ
󲿷˸׼ҵʱ򣬾ڸ罻ȺﴵȥţƤﻰⶼǰ״СԼء
Ҫһ¶ûУ˾ͱɨسţǻñЦ
˵𣿡
ʱƴ߳ɨζ
忴
⻹ϴԺ˵һ档


29 
Ժ︡ƺԥָԼ˰״СĻ棬ɫ
¥Ա߿˿ǽ˫ֱأƴɨ
ע⵽һ㣬ƺۿɨƬ̣ǰ಻סת塣
壬㻹ҵ𣿡
Ԥϵ岻ɫȥ׵İɫͷʲô˼
㡭
ҧҧΪҵԭ򣬱ȥ԰ˡ
Ŷԭ֪ԼΪŻȥ԰һˡ
⻰Ŷ죬ϴʱƺҲƵĻ
ջĿ⣬ͼԵޱû
⡣
ƸԼ
ԣһַܿӦ
ҲԣСûѣĻԼѽҪԼԼŲԸٺ档
ǵʱɾһѶûأ
ô˶ԼЩڣһŪζѶȫڽ䡣
壬˺Щ𣿡
Ϊѣù塣
ƣʲô
̫ˣ˲ϲ壬ƻǶգⲻλεҪŸ
ƣǶסһ̧ͷͷģҶѣ㲻Ҫˡ
αһ
Сó˵ڰ׼Ҵţˣȥ̳˭ȥҵĳһˡ
ׯ԰Զƽʱ׼ר˾Ҳ㣬Ⱥµȴǳ㡣
ҲҾã׷ʶһùãԾ͸һͣλʱԼĳҲ˹㡣
һѷӿ
ƸյˣԷ϶Ը
뵽ҧҧ壺㿴Ϊ㣬ŵĻᶼˡ
˵Щί
״С˵׼ԺģҪʲôʲô
أ
һ˶ܲ
һ䵭ŵԣس߽һ᣺Ϊ㣬ˡ
˵ţ·¶˿ڵһǣһצ˶Ҫ
˿ڰŵֱ򺮲ʶһȴ壬ܿˡҪǴСвңǲܻģ
ڿҲѹֱ޲
仰ǵĮȾ˿ʲô
ȴֻͷá
Īһ֣ת˷䡣
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ѹһʯֺйȵϢԼϣֳȣѬ¡
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͵ۡ
һڣڻҹҹ˾һ춼ø
ߵĴϢƻס
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôоиſԼߣ
ǰ׼ңʲôҰ⡣
Ժֿ̧ơһ룬Ĳҽܿڱ

õڵڶŵ֪ǰһϷ¡
ﾪֺܣô붼ܷƫƫ˵ñʲô档
۾׵øƵģõ̲סЦ˺ðβŰЦȥ
С㣬ǶûʲôܡĹĿڣеøƵģǴҶˣһϴҶûô˯أ
У˲ԼƵ۾졭һצӣۿˣ
ˣ
˵ɷ£õŰɣȻӾ߶ᷢһЩ£ڶʲôˣܻᷢ¼
ȴס
ûˡʹôǿңƿ·ȥûκ˿ڡ
һˣС㣬ѹû˿أجΣҪο
Ϸ룬ˣ
ĸ׵һλˣС費ֹһεװץĸ׵ġ
Ȼ˵ĺӣе޵ΰ롣ƲЩСϷ
Ųǣ
Ǻ
õЩ˸տʼǼǳԼϵġ塯
ѵáġ塯׺ݵĺƺҲûʲô
ǹƻ˵Ķ
ɨһȦȺȴûӰ
õѾ˴𰸡Ҳ޺ڸ̬ⷽɵûǲġ
ϵͳ˵˳Ӧڵľ飬װһʧӣӦòɣ
[ʱûм̫ƫֵ]
ڰ״СƾһŮˣҪǷԼ˲ԼеģȻʧ
ǣõӳԼݼʧʹģ
ƣ̫ʧˣ
һƬɷףû˵ѣ
㻹Ʊ硣õ׼ҵǼأзϵͳôܴӽ԰ܳ
ΪͱŮ˲һõϣû뵽Ҳûʲô𣬶ǷǳŮˣ
˵ţ
Ҫװŭ뿪ſȴͻȻĵм䣬괭Ŵ
״õɫͱ䣬ŲӲͣס


30 
˲佩Ӳ, ڲϷŴ󣬵ĴϢƾڶߡͬʱĻԺмʾ
ŮϵľѶûб, ҪΪһ裬δ̫
˼룬õô侲һЩɫһֻҪ룬ΪԼͻס
ŸհοԼͼſڵĵͻȻԥس˹
ò׻ܵ侲˲߽⣬ɴۣϼ, Ҳü񱻶ϰ㣬ѡ
ѹŵĿ־弸ҪѹƲסʱһӰصǰ
ǵӰϡ
õ˼룬סӵһʧ, ĺͨ, ˼άҲŻ硣
ǰǵݵӰ
ͻȻ, Ȼ, ȻԼ߲١
ʱѾ˵ϵǣ߬, ŲǸӹϸĴС㡣
׼ΨһѣСϳ׼ҡ
壬ôûаѹú˩ţü, Ͻѹ˩ȥ
Ǹ
˩ŵģ̫û, ְҧĥһûעͱҧ
ţС㡣
״С㻹վԭأɫѿʲô״ʮֿ϶ҳȥ״СͿ϶ѹϳȥ
ҪջĿʱ״С̧
Ŀԡ
轾İ״С㣬ʱﲨ٣һȪȴĪ˼ִ
ס
Ǵ
Ƕжڣ
ѸջĿ⣬ŵ뿪
вʧǰõҲ˿Ƶģ޲̱ڵء
֪ҪǸҵͷؽ٣׷˺Ͱ֥Ҳɡ
֮鷳
ֻҧأǿ뿪
ϧûüص䣬ͱ֥˹ȥز鷿ǿ׷Ҳڡ
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õ˳ǣ֪ܵ¶϶ǴҲû˵˺ܣЦˣҹȥҲŶȸһɣ
ԣļİ̧֥ƣϲǸ
ĸףѾˣõǿԽǺǸŮദȥҾԽǷĲһأ
ˣһһ
֥Դ˲û̫ɣֻǲͬ
˶ĵطǷҲࡣúڣǸڡ
˵һǲ֪ǻӦù𣿡
֥ԺãֻһŮˣƽʱЩӵŮ˵Ϊ
ԼŮЩӵܱȹ̲Ź֡ҪţֱǶ˸ϳȥ
õһϲԼûɽɢԺأҪ˵׷ȴǰ˿ڣ
ѽЩСģеС˼
˵ţһҼǵиϲɵģֶׯִиģѵֶŮСͽ̵úܺõġ
ôÿСһҼ˶ϲ
һ䣬֥ɫѿˡ
ֱԼ뿪ҵǶʱ䣬ӱŮʶ˶С
ܾԼԴ͵ġ
׽֥ı仯õȥ׵Ц⣬ɷµظŵͷ԰ôÿĽ㣬Һ˶ϲҲǡ
˵Ż׷ˣ裬ǻ˵أ
׷ڴЦѽҸóʱȥǡ

ŮӵĻֱ֥ϵ
Ƭ̣̲סžһļˤϣ
׼ҵǮЩƿģ
ѹܼҽйٵ߱Щݺݺ࣬׼Ҳȫҹ
õûü˸ˣϵͳѾ
[ʾĿǰĽȺԣȫǲɢرľƫʱֹ]
֮ǰû˵Ļõ˲
[֮ǰûúԺȫǲɢε漰Ա̫࣬Ůƣɰ֥һǲɢ׵ϵͳάְ]
˵£ϵͳʵҲͷۣ˭뵽Լôܲˡ

õЦƫƫԷԼԺУԼ޻û
ĸף
ֻÿٿڣ˳סߵĹܼң֥˭˵ǷˣǳôƯôĿҺ趼ܶ뷹
֥ŲɣҪͼסԼ
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׷˵֮ǰ˵ˣ
ºͺӺú˵ҪһԲϾ첱Ӵ֡
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侲˼룬ѡһҲЭҸʱ䣬ҪЩ˳һųƯüֵȫҹ
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á
ͷĸҪ˵
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ָϣȻõ㿴ŶԷ񴥵ƵѸջ֡
ϵͳӷֵ:
[+1ܻΪ64]
˵ּţĵĴߣϹ
Ÿʲô
һشߴ١
ֻ˼룬ٴ֡
Ц۵׻õԱŲŲ˵ٴδ
˼õǸصǸǰ챻ĸ״ĵĺ֢ǿƲסֶ
˵ţƻ̧̧ʾԷӡ
Ȼڶˡ
򴽣ˣתͷҪȥһƻ

߳ŭҪˣõϽǰһסȸ״ôôӣ
˵ţƻ
˶ñӵ岢ƻ͵ʹԴƻ
õĿⲻԾضϡָϸ״ܺÿķɫӡɫƻϣ˵Ӿܴ
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Ҳ֪ΪԼǰǾƭöԷ߳ŭΪĿѴɣֿʼá
֣ھĻǸ̬塣
ʵеǸС̫ԼʱΪ˿ھϣͶιƻûôʵһֱɿڣԵĶЩ嵭ʳ
û֣Ϊ˼⡣˶ԱȣԽԵݵÿ
˿˰ɣ
õʡ
״СͻȻ徯裬ѹ̧ٿ۴С㣬ͷš
õ⣬׼ҵҩõģָǿҽ˵˿Ѿ裬ǳϵʱ
ٹЩʱͿԶͶιһЩˡ
ʱ˿ӦʱɣôûκηӦ
ˡ
ڰõƵƵʱѾٰƻá
ɫƻ˲Ƥڰõ˵׻ƵĹ⻹ûֻˡ
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ҲûļҴСֱøƻͿеģ̫ʲô͸ʲôһ㶼֪ͨ
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ðΣŵ:
ĸҪɢҵĺˣЩСﶼߡ
ʹԷԼ꣬õ˵Сֵʱ˵øȻĿ⿴ѹ֮ǰǵЦеҵľĸ״ӦֻҪмֵͻ
塣˵Ӻͻ뷨
̺ãִԱǩӹǰ
ˡ

Լո˵ô඼Ƿϻأ
õЦԷһһѹи꣬ʮؼʣ
˵˵뷨
ҵ뷨Ҫ𣿡źù̺˵ľ룬룬˵ߣʵС𣿡
Ȼǡõȵӣô룿
ִ̧˿ƻţƵ壬ǰɣ
ؽҴ
һ˹ؾ׽ƻһ߹۲ķӦ
Ӳ׼ҡȴûߣǿ϶ʲôèˡ
Ҫ㲻˵Ҿֱĸװϳȥˡ˵һ䣬ĸ׸ϳȥַѶûУ㿼
ڰõ˵һ룬ѾٿڣҪ
Ȼ
õ䴽壬ĸ׿ϵļֵ
ֵĸ˵ÿˣҾ͵ôӦһǷǳ˵ġԼԼȦʵͷۡ
˵ζƸ֥Լͬһϡ
ã忪ڣеڸ𡣡
ЩӶҲõ̾Ϣ
ٴҲ˼ˡ
һ룬ͻȻڣҪʲô
ôֱˣõҲˣĸ״Ҹ߷Ҳ»ơ
°֥ûк˵СϢͨϢ
廹ףżɽˣôƳΪأĸ׵ߣô
һĬʱⳤõҲԼŪõƻ
һʱֻ֮õƻ
Ϊʲôң
ʳһ䣬õ˸ǩӴ˿ƻ󣬵ݵߣ˵ȻҪǻˣݷô죿
岻죬۵´ѹ¶ɰ׵ݡ
죬ҧסƻ˿
ȻҪǱˣҸ㡣ҪĳΪĸ׵ˣˣ
ߣҸҪģҪġ
͵һף£ƳΪĸ׵ߡ
ҲԸߵĹʣԸҺıꡣڰ׼ҵĵλߣȺʱˣһɳ׼ҡ
ҶҪֻһֻҪҳңҵļ˻˭Խָʹκ¡
õǳˡ
ַ֪̯Ƶģ
ǰ׼ĴС㣬ʵϣĸ׶ҲҲƲҡʵҪһֻҵΣʱͦҲҲĳЩʱΪá
ҿɲһһ˼ӡ
ӦҲԶ˰ɣ
ܺʸҺԺúÿһ˵ĻȻҲ㡣
̸ĵ̸רңշ磬г
ʶһ㣬ҧءûԥȨʹǰԼΣбɡ
*
Ϊ֥ľȻը˹
ʱ֣õȷ˹˩Ժȥ˱
ȺݺݺȻû˵Ȼ֥ǷֱƽĴ󺣶˸޴ס
С㣬Ҫϳ׼𣿡ʡ
ô᣿õĸ˵ˣֻҪмֵͿ
˵΢ԸСޣѶǡ
СӦһ׼õŷֽʷַȥ
˶ס
ɵʵ
ǸСд𣿡
õĻЦЦû֦ҲȻһ̧ͷײĳƯŮ˰С

ЦôͣͣԣõȻᵥɶԷڳԴסҲ֪ڱŤʲô˵ġ
ȻǡЦ˼棬һϵʱ䣬ֽдΪ£ҿǵļֵپÿ˵ȥ
õĻ˵꣬ǱһըʮŮ˴һߴߴ˵ʵڵģͦͷۡ

Ůǵ̫󣬽סʱȵСǳƵغ˾䣺
õ͵ؿСޡ
ԼŮӶ
õڣĸ˵ˣǲɫˣҪдʲô鰮ֵļֵͱ˷Ǹʱˡ
ʱһǵѡܸɵҵұۡ
ұۣŲ·ѵˣзġȱ֮ɵĻ顣
˵ı鶼ٵ
õؿǵķӦǻڵһø
֥Ļ󣬳˸տʼķŭ侲̾ͷ֣¶Լ˵Ǽһ顣
Լɹ׳Ϊ˰õǾʹҪӰ֥Ͻӹ׼ҡ
ûʲôð֣ߵüѣ
ԽλյΪԼµˣԱĽɢ󹬡
ֻǲ֪ȺܸܲԼϲ
뿪ǰƳ塣
жɣ͸ڲڣһģһ浱ȻǸԷʩѹƣԸΪõĲֻһ
û뵽ϣõմӺԡ⧲ؿԼֳһλ֮͡

վЩԷ۰Ͱ͵ˡҪϳ׼ҵĴ̼ˣ
ǿûȥϵġ塱ῪڣС㡭
õЦ
ϸϸţȻƺԼʱмơľͷѧѧÿ죬ѧƵĿѧ˵
治ĸɤӵûԸ̻ɤԸأ̻ɤԼԼֳָʲô
ңôԼ
˵ԼҪɫ˵ˣ̽Լ
ָԡ۵ϵתȦ̧ȥ
֮ǰ⣬εġ塱ڰڣû֮ǰ¶ǡõվڴǰԷĿԡ
˼ۣ㷢ֲͬ
زƭˣ
֣Ů۰дźεϡ
ϵû֮ǰ飬ʵпû̫𣬹Ǹкǿǳݡ
Էı鲢ûΪ仰κηӦֻǺ촽΢΢˶ûһõָ㱻ȵĿǻС
Ǹ˭ѧģ
˳ָɢ
õë˲ס˷ܵսĳ嶯ǿϵͳ
Ƶ𣿡
[Ǹ漰飬ϵͳй¶]
ϤĻõ˸ۣѾ˴𰸡
ôϵͳÿʱ򣬶Ǻйء
뵽ָָڶԷϣǹ𣺡𣿡
˵ţó
˳ִӴͷϳֽͷĵزָϵҺ
հֽϵ˱һʸסһƯս
õЦ˰
˵ţס塱°ͣ΢΢ͷҪȥȻڼԷĴʱͣס
ϸϸƯ룬Цƿ塱Ҫü̫ˣƽʱûô
ҵΪ壬ڵ͸ס˲ǺƵģҲϲܡ
Ů˵ĵЦݿܵĶסңɢȥǰŮ˺ЦģҲʧ

[Ҽǵ˵ȫ]
ǳ໹ǰõӰһ
԰õȻصͷҰǱһ֪ʲôĹ˭ϲ
Ҳ֪ԼǼ仰ܲܰջȥ
żǴѧģõͻȻʡ
[ϵ]
ȻֹȻϵͳѾӦԼ˻
õ˼ϵͳװҲûҪ𰸣ܻᱻ֪ģ
գС
С㣬˼չˡ
°ɡõ˸Լף̬ȸɢ
˵СȥС
⼸ԾûֹͣСĳͷÿһ磬Сøȥɨ
Сÿ
ʱʦ޵
õĿԼָ⣬ԺԶֳһ˵֣Цĳ˵ֱҺÿˡ
˵ţԼַ£ЦⰻȻ
ڱŮֻʣʮõϣȷҳŷ⡣
Ϲؾصд֡ܺÿҺܹԣһһĪִ˵Բֿɰ͵塣
õӵõЦôô󰡣Ǳд
治һдģ϶ǣжɵӣӦòñ֪дĶ
ǼڴõСŷ⡣
ټһֻֽдһ֡
õ˼룬Ц
ְ
ֻֽдһҡ֡
õ֣˳Բһһֽϻš
ƯָŹ⡣õ˶ˬͬá
Ȼܲϣȷô򵥵һ־ͽû˼ȥ˼
ǡС޴˻
ģСͨ죬ǰͷҲʪˡ
һݣСߵС㣡ҺСһ鸺Сѹܵģͷ͵ȫһ˸ɣ
ƵĻõ𵱳˵Ǿ䡰ǿɲίС㡱
ҲŰ£ͿʼԹԷ͵ˡŮİҲˡ
̬ɢǶ˵ƽܲ˿ࡣίҲֻܵί

С㡭С㲻ίСأ˵СǸ˸ģС㣬Ǹ˴˷ôҩʲô˶ˣƾʲôŰ
ţõϵЦʱǨСһһˣԼ͹ֲþġ
Сɫģϸ˼¶ԷǷݸС
дĶʲô
Сס:
ûȥעСӦôٶȿСޣСޣ硣
ûһСʼ鲻Ըˣ
С˵СʲôҾʲôϵɽǡ
¬С˵ܴСԸɺܶ飬ԱС㡣
ϲС˵Ҿͨһƴѧϵҵ
Ȼֻʮţȫ꣬Сˡ
С㣬ˡ
ɳƵؼҪ˵ģſ
ʣǲʲôˣ
СҲɵ˵ɨֻѪɳȴԾûֹͣ¡
ɼСǶԼв
ţᣬڱ˵Ϳʼ
ϧõһͻ֮ǰ˵֡
˷һͨҲܷܲȻ´λٷ
԰õͷһűޱӷ֣һߵ̡ʱָպöŮͦȤñ˵仵
ԣСȻͣסɫȻѾԼˡ
׹õϴЦҲˣȥϢɡ
˳СҲȥ
һӿõЩֽֽ˳
ϲɡ¬ӡơ
ĸ֣õ˼
ϲɶׯǽϵҵĸ߲ϴλ׷һ졣
¬ǲԼߵҲ
ϵͳµˣʲôֵûҲ
еƢҪΨһһλûŮ⻷Ӱˣ˵Ǻƺüˡ
ûǴĻԭľУС
ԼŰȻ̫ùƺҲ
дļֵʲôֵ൱ûֵ
õͷۡ
Ů⻷ӦòҪԼġ
⣬õڵʱ˸ĸ˽˹
[й]
Լһֱţڶư⣬弱û֪ϵͳǼˡ
йʲôõüڰ֥ǰҲѡ
ϵͳ
ߵߵߵ
С޴˽ĸŮһøζ
ϲɺҾʺܺã¬ıȽ׳ʵһ㣬ƽʱֵģǸֱʵˡ
ơ
õĿⶨϣϾŮȷʵҪÿһЩʵʵ˵Ȳλ
û˷̫ʱϣֻҪһԼǵӣǺú׼Ӧ԰֥Ժ󣬱ǻȥˡ
[]
ϵͳơ
ȻĿԼҽǹֻǱ̬˳ĳ˿ѡ
ϵͳףûʡ
һֱ磬ŷӦõ֮ⲻھơ
徹ѵù
ǴҽߵĻӹģҹܼҾͿԣûҪȥõǶȻЩסˡ
С㣬ҪС𣿡ССʡСɤӵڶ˵ҪСġ


31 
ȵȡ
õû, Сߵſʱ̲ס, õԵĹȥŵȡ
ôݣͷƵġ
СʧſڣõջĿ⣬ϵͳΪʲôԸ뿪׼ң
ϵͳ˵漰鲻͸¶֮ǰ㲻˵Ҳ˵飬ֻʱѣϾ֥Ҫˡ棬㲻˵ҾͲ, ԼŰ졣
ƽһαвϵͳðζû
ϵͳ
Ȼвˣ
أ˵ȥܲЦԼİ
Ȼ󣬵ڰõߴʱԼˣĲ, ϵͳֻǿ, ˸̫Ӱ, Ļе˵˼ҧгݵζ
[˵Ҳ, ֪ϵͳΪ]
[Ϊ˼˲Żıڰ׼ңƵĵزϢ, ԲŻԭߴաȻҲ֪ò׵ԭ, ȴƶ˸ԭĹ]

ԩ֡
Ҫ²䣬ԭ, üͷһ塣
ԭļ󱻶Ǹʲô߿ߣΪ˵Ĳų׺ڻ
Լؼ㡪ˡ
Ƿɺڻĵߡ
˵Ĳôˣʡ
[ϴһѱ뷽跨͵˼ǶǣǸ̽]
ѹ֡
õȻΪ̽ޣ̬ȱ仯ô죬ˡ
׼ӵȽҽƼĲƸֻдԼߣܶʱڵõǮҪԺԼˣҲܵõõ
û̫ãõ˰й
һõ۾Ƶģϸϸ
С㡣ʱһűʣˣ𣿡
Ưϼڲס
ô᣿
õ޹ʣ֪Ժ󣬶˲٣ָָԼԱߵɳҺúøġ
һѹޱ¡侲һЩʶԼ̫ѹӿ˵
˵Ҫҡ
Ȼ
õ϶صͷˡ
ѷţɵĵӵݸԡ
ȴûӣ뱻ϷˣȥһŰ״С㡣
Ůˡ
ҸԼ˦ɫˡõ̾Ϣһһʱ֮侹֪ϲǸǡ
壬ڲҪҪ㣬ĸҪҪ㡣
˵ţѱŶݸ塣
ĬŽӹһŴϸԽ棬ɫ
Ҫң˶Ըҡ
õ̾ϢҪĸһؿɲס
Ĭס˶ᣬԼĿ
ܣҪǱ¶ˣԼᱻ׽
㯼䣬ǰСЦЦ֪ĸڶĵʲô𣿡
屻ס
״СĻô࣬ӵĵطô࣬һʱ֮䶼֪λСüĵʲô
Ƣ
Ű
Ǻɫ
ļҪ˵Ϣ򴽣С̰ͼɫ
õĵؿĸȷʵ̰ͼɫԾ֪һ᲻ˣһᷴԣȻȻҪҵˡ
˼
õϲɶׯΪ˴˷ġã˼ʹϵ㣬Ƕ佻ʻ¬߿Եڱҡҵĳ谮ĸƴߵߡ
˵ͣסüۼȾ˿棺壬Ǻһĸ׶ʱҵǵˡҲ˵Ƕ˵пޡ
ô˵ͷ۵ҵĺɫ
νߴߴ磬Ҫ͵ûȥú룬㵽Ҫסҵĸף㲻ɡ
˵ţȥС޻ˡ
õĻʱֹסˣô϶뵽ӡ
СϽӹһѣվǰݸϴ˽԰ҵĲԣˣܶ࣬öԵ㲹Ķ
վýõϸµؿֻƤ԰ףϸۣë׶Ҳ
ƵΨһ覴ϴµļ̡
岻ӣüܺúú˵ʱ򣬲Ҫţ
䣬ͱ˹ȥ
ں꣬ȻŵԱϣСûбµĻҾˡ
˭˵ûУ
ô飬õЦԼδ̳ǵĻ֣:ҸոǷǸûʲôʾ𣿡
üڰ׼ңԵĴõģڴС㣬ʲôʾ
˼䣬СЦ⳨֣һ°ɡ
ϱ˲仯ûڣ״Сֵһ£͵ǰˡ
˵̹嶢˰ΣȷԷǰӣ׽ŪԼ
ԥʱӰֱƶ
˱ס׵ײ˹峹׽סǼȫλСϵζ
ǰִ̱ζǵĲ֪㣬ĺš
ҲЩϤ
عǰһա
Ȼʧĸоʶ̧ͷ⧲ؾͶϰõЦӣ
壬ԺǺϵˡ
©˼¡һַǳҸİĸо
*
õûע⵽һ˻뿪ӵĽ˵üҪͷԡ
ӵȻֱӼʮ֣֮⣬˼Ƭټ֣Ѿﵽһٻ֡
̶̰£Ѿ˽ȡַʽȨޣ̳Ҳ
鵱ȻǼġ
ʱһֱ޵ظ巢ĻɣֱнӴ֪жͷۣ
[Ƿ̳̽]
ǡԥ
һ˲ǰͻȻһһϷ̳ǽĶǰٴЩߵƺͼ۸һһ
ʹתơ20
Ρ18
Ϊġ25
ά衪30

ɨ˵ľȻǿٶģֻҪ־ܹ򣬵ʱƣֻάʮ롣
ĵǽѿǣҪŰٻ֣Ϊ֪ԭδ
ʲôǽѿǣ
[˼壬ݲʱʹߣϵͳΪҵһʺݡȻúܴ󣬲дƣһºʹ]
ʲôϵͳȴ˵ˡ
Ҳһʱû׷ʡ
Ҫĵά裬ҪʮֲܶһõߣֻҪһΣǡ
Լڵ״õüġ
ĻѾ㣬ϵͳ͵ֵά15졣Ҳ˵ʱ䣬ÿʼߵĻ֣ÿʼάԼĻ֡
ȸͻȻǿ
ֹһһĸоʵ̫˲á
˵ȡֵķʽ𣿡
ԼʱϵͳԼ˵Щõʣ㻹ûңǶȡ֣ʲôطԵõ
[԰꣬ȡֵ;кֻܶ࣬ڿɻȡֵĽɫʱϵͳŻʾ]

⻹ֳ
ϲ˲䵭ȥҲ˵ϵͳڸԼء
˵컨׹ڽʲôãֻܹ⿴ţ޲ð̳ǵĶ¡
[Ƿѡ鿴Ƭ]
ԣõϴǸƬǻǴϵĿһͱѡ
һǾԲٴηԼϡ
ԵķߣС˵ԼҪԺ󣬱ϱۡ
õ鿴Ƭ


32 
ѩ
õ£ϵ·, ʹо䣬Żѩǹ׵Ļ, ʶش򺮲
̧۳ȥ
ϴǸطѾûСޡ
֨һԺӵĴſˡ
һŮǣһûʵŮ
ŮӲߣֻ¶Ѿ߰ӡ
˫۾˲䣬õԷ壬˭Ȼ
ϴЩ⣬ĿһƣǸȭߵŮˡ
Ů˶۰, һ߻һ߲Ƶ֣°ƶš
û޿̣ͷԺ溰һ䣺ѾͷҪǰɣϽ
䣬ھܳһλŸŮ
ϸ, , ·ٵÿ, ֻһ, ûΧҲû׺ñӣһŰ۵Сεͨ죬ĶҲֺ, ָֻǲܿȫǶ

һСģ
ˣǸŮ˻£Ѿͷ, ƶҪˣ
ԣͼë˲, ӿŲŮǱȥ
ŮǰվԺ·ڿͷϵóŮһ
ôģ
ŮȻ⣬ץĸ첲£ûõĶ
ĸס
Ŵؿڣˣ߰ɣ
ŮӦ׸ƴá
õһֱ壬ǺȥѧУ·ϣһ·кܶͬˣһƬģԼĪûʲôӡ޹Ա
һƬģУߴŮ˺ŵƾԵø
õ󣬰زĽӡ
ܿ죬һѾѧУŮ˴õʶȻġ
ؿƱǸѧУ
·ûУŮ˲ͷ塣
ˡͷĸʶ·ˣԺһÿ찴ʱѧġ
õ
Ǹȵģ
ǣѵǲѧ
ͼõʱŮѾԹԵ뿪ѧУϿҲŵĴү庰
СѣϿˣ
ʱǱŵתһˡ
Ͳܵõͦ죬һӾûӰõһʱ֮ʧĿ꣬ãȻ
ˣԼôļƬ
ԭվƬ̣ĲˣֻѰŻȥ·ȥ
һֱصԭǸԺõûп壬ǷԺ˼ʹŮһҳ
ϣҸոֿǸСƭˣ߸ŸССƭģˣ
ӵŮ˵Բ۾ɲ˵ҲңϱȢˣȢúùأǰ޵˻ͻȻҪⲻǵԩͷ𣿡
˵ǰλǹƭģ֪Լ˾֢˶ãֻʣһ͹ƭҸԼļأ
ȱ°һһСô
ôŹ£ⶼѾ˼ˡ
Ҳʵ
һһСҲǻû¾Ͱϱ˰ɣ໴޶ˣЩӴ

˵Ȼ죬õԱ˰죬˴ŵ˽⡣
ͥͦӡ
ĸǹ¶ȥΪŸŮһͰңԸѳˣֻһо֢С̺š
о֢Сʱղֻ࣬ŸСҺú·
Զҡ
Ƶĸ׾ҵԩͷС̸߹ԼΪܰ꣬û뵽ڸչŵڶˡ
ҵķߣСˣû˺͸ӵļˣ˺ͺӶҸ
տʼ˻֪¡ûһȢ˸ϱ׾˸Ů
̫̫ԼˣƤҡ
ȻѹţֻܵǸԩͷ
֪̫̫ôܻкӹ
õ˼
û뵽ƻôһϵڣϵͳԼԭľǰ㶼ûἰֻ˵Ůͷͬ硣
⻹ͬ磿
ⶼסͬˡ
ţͻȻӴСƭӻˣ
õһɨȥȻһϸϻ˵ģҲ˼ˡ
ա
һ߰СǵòѾѹסˡ
õŮһСģУˮģҪڴһЩϿ϶Ҳ֪ùССӡ
ͨͨЦȴû
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ɫеģõɫһһ͵ˣһŰСﻹֻܿӣ񲻶ģ
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ҲĺԺĹ죬ȥǼС߷ǺǵģȣȻֲںܶࡣ
ǽûᣬǴһë
ӺСһŴ⣬ʣµĿռֻǿһСӡ
һˣͦˣϻ
š
ѹӵݹȥ
ȰõӦͼԼǶ֡
ž
ľԥشСϣû£ǰѸսŵİõˡ
ΨһһλҲ
һõһ˲ɤۣʶǰקʵ壬ȴϴ
ŭӿȴ޴йһתõûӦ˾Ѿصʵ硣
ٴαѡ

䣬ͻȻС޵Ӵյýǵǡ
õϰ߱ԼôʹԼСޡְ̧С޵ƿ
ôˣ
һ£û˽С޵ӾͲܻԽǷʲô¡
С㣬Ѿȥ˱ҹʱѾλǮˡ
ô죿
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ֻŭʰһԼ͸Ͻȥ
Ѿǰ׼ҵƻͨյãȻš
ϰشԼİõŵԼǰ˺һŷӦԼȻˣ
ң
֪ǰ֥˼Թͺһ
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[ԣƫԭĵδ֪飬ԭ˵ķӦƺ]
ϵͳĻõ˿ʮصͷãȥĸװɡ
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ĸף
õһ߽ȥһߴֵغţ˴ŷֺԼĲһֻվһˣ˲Ӱ
֥ϿʲôõĿǸΨһվŵϡ

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⼸ЩŮ˸򵥵ĵ顣Ůȶȣһʾ˽ʲôˡ
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֥ɫ˲䲻̫ãʮ̸ֻ꣬һŮѣΨһŮѻԼӣʵŮ⳯ĺĵо
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Ű֥ٴҭסúЦȴ̾Ϣ˾һٸһǧҶģĸײԸ⡣

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ӵŮ͹ˮ֥ͷˣϽ˱ס
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ɹ
ס׷˾ס֥ȻǰõӮˣ֥ΪЭɫѿһǷһǧģ
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˵Լһ֣ӦÿĲŶԡһǸֲڵоƬֲ
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õԣֻûض¥
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˺ܶ½Σÿξ˸ţ˯ȥݽһξС
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Լ۾ͨ죬滹һƬںڣϵɫ̫ãǱʲôեƵġ
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պý⿪õĽŲӲͣ£˶סĿŴŴĴ󹷣ٴС


33 
Ҫת, ʹ
С㡣
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ô
ЩԶ˵ĻֲʺôǣŹǰ˼
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ѹ˩ȥ
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, õǳһ󱳵亹ҧһĨӶı飺ҸջȹӣɲܽŪˡ
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һɨȥͻȻһĨͷ״Сò¹ɣ
ͼеĳЩ
ʧ, ϱû˶
ɴС֮ǰ¹
׵˼, ʮ˳ذѹ˨˻ȥ, 
˰š
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һǰһؽȥõӰ׷Ƕ֪оƬȥ㷿ô
, µĶ΢١
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򴽣Щų, Ҳ֪Լѡ
š
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˳¥ߣû˵ʱͱЩõս, һ⣺
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סһλס࣬ȫϢʶǿڸųԱ롣
ƫƫλСƬصˡ
ա
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С㣬ҵķҡ
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Ｑ
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š
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ĸ˫岻ãҪǺԭû档
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õõ
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֪ˡõ̾ϢýôҾԲ۸ģĺˡ
״׷ġ


34 
⼸, ӶδߴŰž
õõѾʮˣҪٲͰŶദ, 飬ˣǰűû˳ˡ
˵Ҳ𣿡õ״ģôûǣ
׷:µˣܵ
価ǲ
õ˼ӵĿλý㻹˶ⶡ
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׷˲̫ģҪʲôصģ֪𣿻, ȥõõҲİ
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, ˲ŰϢ߰õͰš
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ᡣõʶҡͷ
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[ԭֻôչ˱˵ӣʾȥĵطΪƵĹ]
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ŮΪһ仰ԥˣ֥˲ȥҪ˵ߵӿڣʱǸ˼һȥн쵯ӵϲɣչˣȥС֡
˼ǰŵӡ
⼸䣬õ׷˵˸ޣһİŵְһ֪ʣȥĶҰӪ
֥Ϫ򡣡
Ϫ򰡣õ϶ЦǸã⻹ƵļأҴϲɺȥĸûɣ
[]
ϵͳٴΰ಻ס
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ȥԼ
ϲޱȾ
˿ʱ䣬ǱӦǷ㣬õСȥǱ֪ͨһҪǣȥϪЩ˵̬Ⱥܲ
Ǿ仰٣ȷʵԹǶԼ˵ģСޡ
֥ԿŮﲻǻмһ𣿡
ϴκ¼ԺΪŮĶǸʧȤû뵽мġ壬
õϱ鲻䣺ĶˣҪ˵ˣʹ

֥üǴŮദ
ȻǳϪСطˣƺ֮ѡһĻԥѡ塣
ϴץõߵŮӶʣԽԽƲʺϴŮߡ
͵ѣҪûһŸжġ
Щ£ô˵ҲһȻһлûУ˵±۶Ʋϵʵĺ


ĿһȥϪ𣿣ϢƼվ۵ˮ
Ҷһˣʱһֱˣû뵽ôлȥˣ
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С͵͵˸ۣԽԽþܾŮеα
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35 
˼, ⣺ǣﰡ
¬ǣоܲԾ
ƵͷƬ̣ѵǲԸչС𣿡
˵Թ̾ϢҪǲԸ˵ͺ, ҿ԰ѽֳ
Լո˵û˴ģ̲ס͵͵ƳǼ
ԴЩ˶ˣԼߺһӾˡ
ǰԼͿϲɶԼ˦ɫ
뵽̲סᡣ
ܸоϲԼ¬ܰ
ϲɸոտ϶Լˣһôףû˭ԼҲ֪Լǵ
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, Լֻʣˡɸո忴Լô¡
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Ľ㣬СžȻҲҪ㣬á¬ͻȻ̾Ϣһ䣬ȫǶƵĽ
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ѽ, ԼԻؼ, ŻԼ, ϶ҪԼȥŵġ
ͨԺ, ˼ֵҪڣͼͻȻһ㡭ʲô
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廹˵ԷȴѸٹҶ˵绰

Է޼ɵ׼ԼͻȻ
ոĸ𣿡
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岻ͻȻЩ飬ѵ㲻𣿡
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36 
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ֽӹ˼ͣ½ŲԺС˸ִܣնŵĵսʤԼߣת״С㣺С㣬ȥϪ򡣡


37 
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ȡ衣
̧壬ԼİԹôôÿ

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һֱõʱϵͳͻȻ߱ĳһ䣺
[Ȼȼ֮ûжһߵĻڵѾڽܳͷ]
״Сôܻô˿ڣ
ϵͳ£õʶһ㣬ͷȥ塣
ŵ忴Ŵģûʲôԡ
΢ɲ˿ѴᣬԱ¶һء
ʹ𣿡
£ûʡ֪ڼָףôҶأ
ҡͷʹ
ľͷ
:޵ĺӲǳԡ͸Ƶġ
ԺʹʹʹظʹʹʹҪˣûУ
˵ţõץס֣ڴλ˴᲻ҪٶˣҿɲϣԼȥϪˡ
仰˷Ӧ̵ͷСĴȥ
˵ˣú׾ʹȥ˵
ֺһҪҶˣҾͲˡ
ԣ˲ֱ
£Ҳˡ
ñСѧϿλֱԵøˡ
õһȥָסΪָŴţ޼Ѷˡ
˲Ծظǰ
ȴٶһ¡״С޼ָ׵ĶȴҪȸոջҪϸ£ᣬζʱҲ䳤
ʮָȫ޼ϣѾһ󱳵ĺʹǺ¡
ˡ
õ֣ȥϴ֡
˿ڣֻϴ֣ʪֽһָš
ˮָԵ÷۷ۣӺÿõˣĿղˡ
˺޲ÿƤӵ͡
ֻǽȴðõ˼ʱû۶֡
ȻףÿζһÿζŴʱӵƯס
׵Ǵϻͷһء
׹߹Ժ󣬿ϵƿƿ޹ޣ˶µġ
룬ƾŸоȸĴĴָͿϵ׽Ȼַյ£ʱó
ɫѡɫķɫ
ǵһԼ֣ɱؾͰɫͿȥˡɫĽܿڰƤ϶ͣۡ

Ҫ
ô򵥣ôʵôأ
Ͻ֣ٴΰָյ¡ȴУ̧ȥ塣ԷԴƲһ򣬴ŻûָѾͿˡ
顪
ٴΰƤӵµʱСűԵӲ˵ɫ
䣬忴
ߣõֱҲ׳ʲôֻǲСŪȥˣɣ
סû˵

õƤ񣬵ͷ״
ֵӺãܳĶȥ
Ȱõָͣٿ֣˲ġ
ͣСʾ͵˸ɫָͣʼ
ԭ뻭С컨ĨĨͻȻ־òԾˣԽԽ
ͣʣһ쿴˰Σ̧ͷʣһʲô
Կȥ
ܿ죬ϳ˼հס
ƻ𣿡
һ䣬õ˳ǣһ趨ԼȻЩ߲ˣԽԽƻ

ˡ
û
ԷŷɣɫһʮָȫǲͬɫڣԽԽ
ָŪ棬ƫƫõŪ棬ȫͿָͶθɾˡ
֪רŵĹ߹Σȫָ֣ͿˣָȴȫǸֽм
԰ɣ
Լͦģѡɫ仹ʯͦ
۷Ź⣬һı顣
廹û˵أϵͳѾ²ˣ
[Ƕʲô]
òÿ𣿡õ⣬˵һŶͦÿİ
оʦûʲôͬ
ϵͳѾ²ۣţ˶Լ
ϵͳͷԼָס
˵ʵָ׾ʹûôôòԾо棬Ұó
ָŵʯ
֪СĶȫݳƷָϵʮ֪ܻ꣬Ǯ
ᶨͷÿ
仰õϵЦӲˣ񶼱ˡʲôԶ֪
㿴Һһģϵͳ͡
ϵͳ
ϵͳѾﵽ뿪ڡ
õҲ⣬ͷԼĽΣһ׶ѣѾõ˶ʮ֣һԼһͦ츳
ԺҾ͵רʦɡ˵ŽַϣԼ°ͷòã
״Сú˵ʱǸһַǳ޺Ĵ˵ʱ˸ݲܾ
ǱŤͷ㿪Էעӡ
ΪԼոյ뷨еᷳ
ʹ״С޺ƵʸһЩԼôҲñƻ
ţ
ûĻش𣬰õջ֣סϥٴλ˻Ρ
á
Ӧ
Լ𲻴Ӧ״С㻹ǻһһԸԸ⡣
ֻǱ֮ǰһѯʱ˼̰ˣ֪ڳʲô衣
֮ǰĴС㣬Ȼõ׽͸ǣ񲢲ôᡣ
оԼûдȥıҪˣûʲôµĻҾȻȥˡ
ذõûǺвƷԺ󣬾ˡ
վƬ̣ߵ¶̨⿴ȥûþͼߵ档Ǽĳ´¶Ρ

õȻԼʲôʱŸԲƷӺɤӣ·١
ÿ촩·塣
·࣬ΪԭԼ֮ǰΪάͳ١
岻һϴǼ¶˵ʱԼ׼·
澹Ȼˡ
õֻԼ̫ʧ
Ȼ屻СϷԴ˭ҳͶԸȴһ·ûеģ
ԭĸʲô
ѱҺӵԼҺӵˡ


38 
ոϳ˼˼, ʣ̳Ǹ̳ûʲôɣ
[Ȼȥ]
ô, Ҷûгءõ̾Ϣ
ò˵ԭԵر
˵ûнȦ
Ǳ׷˳軵˵ĴС㣬˭ϣ˭мڰõԭֻҲκȺġ
΢źѶû
ΨһļѼԺҲûôĹ죬ֻмԭβμǵᣬȻ󻹱ԭһͨ
ҲûԭĹˡ
ȦŶԭüˢȦûˢʲô
ֻܿ׷Ȧշճ
Ҳ֪ԭʲôбŵļλԼͬѡ
ȥ²۱Ȧ, ԰˶˸顣
˲״С㣬״Сôóȥ˵أ
Ϊǹɰԭʮ꣬һѶûС
֮ǰ, õû̫Ϊ, û, ǿԺúøԼĽȦ
Ͼû, Ļʲô¶㡣
ɲǡ
óγŵĻᣬȦ, ܲܵעԼȦ㡣
ԭ̫լҪųԼϲ罻ź
԰׼ҵȨƣûԸ, ֻҪɸѡֵ˼ɡ
˳㣬˳Լ·
, õڷ˵ԼҪȥֵ¡
ôҪȥˣ׷üҰʲô˶С浣ˡ
Ҫȥȥ֥׷̬ȣڼʲô
ڼûȦ¸Щ̳һȥ֪Ҫҳʲô
⻰û˵õʱ᲻Ůܿ࣬Ϸˡ
ö˶˵ȥʲôأҪʲôﶼܶƣͼֽˡ׷̾ϢʵڲУȥôҪһ
衣õ¿ӣϴ棬Ҿڼ̫ˣȥ䡣
˵ţšüͷоʲôûҲԲȥ
׷ǼԼŮ˵ģ״˲ı⣬Ͻ˼䡣
ŮΪӵĻ˶࣬أϴӵǶٴŮŻˡ
˼ķɻֻʱ䣬ȥ˽ӻ֥ͻȻ
ôҪõõȥ׷˲̫⣬öԷ̫
һˡ
֥Լ࣬ԽӻģҪǶ԰ŵӲŲʾԵ̫ӡ
ԼȥԵ̫ӣֻŮȥʵġ
׷ȴ̫ϿӵĻ
ŵӽ˼󣬼ҾƶŸĸŵѧƴѧҵ֮ǰһֱС˾ϰࡣ
ŰŵǮԼҵ˼ҹ˾ŰŸĸѹ˾ԽԽ󣬰׼֪Ž˻顣
׼˲ⳡ
ͷڰߣŰŵǮŰ׼ҵƣôԵþĲ
ǰſƭ˶֪
һǰ׼˷ķŮѣƾʲôҪұŮȥӣ
˵ʲôһˣ׷ֹ
ţԷسŷ̬ܺãȫ
װѻ˻ȥ
ȻԼ˵˼ĻҲһײˡ
аѰŵ˵ġ
*
ڶǸ졣
õͰԼҪֵϢӶ˸֪塣
Ըճ˿ؿ˵塣
ԾɴǼףһôĳ¡
ǳһλ
վǴþµƣһСȹһ¡¿ЩǰƳĵøӽС
ôˣ
õɫü߹ȥʣôҲˣ
ЩĮƵĽëݺݲ˲ЩίطʣС˵ÿγŶȥ𣿡
˵ţҧʲô˼𣿡
Ҳ֪ԭ˻˶ٴϲÿһųÿγűش
жԼ֪ľϲ
õϱ鲻䣺ûУȻ˵ģɡ
õôԼĹ䣬ôҲǹ¡ڼȻԼͲˡ
ܿȫˡõŹκοԺ巢֫ӴĻᣬ尤һ顣
һ·ۡ
Щ
õȳ忪ڣأ
䣬ͼһƾͱɫ
ţ
Ӧʲô
ۣòǱĳЩ˿˰ɣ
ԼԭСѧʱͬǳԼͿָ͡
ϧһ죬ͬͷƼˣǰţõƬָ͹εһ㶼ʣָ׹εѪģ
ѹ˲˼ȡ
ûСɫƽչ
ʮָ޳ԾĿ
ϸͻᷢ걻˿˼ûʯȫ
õûע⵽ϸ΢Ĳָͬ׻ƯƯģɵֺɵؿơ
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ʲô
һ룬ͻȻƵģظ״
˵ָײÿܳ󡣡
˵һ
ģŻͦɰ
õ̲סЦԼʵѧ״οС
ս޵ĺǳԣ͸Լ״ˣӿɽ̡ľͷһؿϸ״ԼȻøԺָľͷƵġ
ϸԼôӦ
ǱȴòѪ
ίġ壬ö˶˵ʲôѽֻǺ˾ָô¶ѣҲǹʵġ
˵˵ű
Ử°ͣ·ϣ״СԾһû

ƣĲˡֻ״С΢΢̧°ͣϴŲˣǿףô˵أ
ɫ԰ס
ϴκ¼󣬰״С㲻ûаοԼ˵ԼǸǳŮˡ
ʱм˰
״СѾԼڰǻתƵ˭ϡȻ
ƵͷĬĬᡣ
һǹģ
ⲻԼָǰ״СŪģܵԼǰҫԼȻ˻
ڱ״СԼӡ϶ˡ
ƵӿͬʱӿֳһŭԹ֮
Ȼ۸ԼȻص˼һҪĸף

С㣬̳ˡ
ǰŵ˾ѡ
õͷһƫͷƻڿޣķ˼֣޹ûУ
ڣձýš
̧ͷڿƲסСȳҭ
ѹŵĿ
淳
ԭѾˡ
õӿ壬ģ̲סȥ£ƵǸ滨ģ鷳
ûϵһ׮һֻ
뵽õ˶
ʲôѽ
Ŵдű飬ȴ᣺û˵Ҫ㡣
ѩѾƵźߵ嶼ûޣ޸ʲô
仰ֱӽ˶΢΢ɫ
ϲ˲ǰȻΪǲ׷˼
ϵı鶼࣬õ΢΢ü
ɲУԺ״ء
ɵһظ״ø㷴ѽ
ţ֡
Ʒ͸Ź⣬Լϲ㿴ÿ
̧ͷëϻ飬µġ
õĿٴӹԼָ죬סʮָű˴˵¶ȡ

п¶ȼֱҪˣȴ
ƫͷ壬ȴǶ˵ģ
Һ嶼úÿƣ̫С
ֻϵı齩ס
õڼ
ҲǣڳϪСطĿǳģԺҼöˣˣȻȥġ
˵ЦЦƣɱΪԼˣһ۵ġ

ﻰƴ㣬ִһɳŪһʵԵİƣϡ
ؿһı飬õɢЩͷָǡ
ڶԷʱ̧ͷŽ
³ѽ
˿Ǵ顣
ĺ˼֣Ǵ˵ƵѸٳԼ֡
ԼأɵСָ죬ŶԷϴ¶ɢȥҲſһ顣
Ǳ˴˸С׵򣬲й˲һƬȻģܡ
Ī
ѹĵǱ³
ԶɽߵĳϪλĵľԵ÷Ի͡
ǽ̻Ի͵Ľ̳øƵġ
뿪ϪԺ㱻״СƵ˰׼Ǹǵһγš
Χˮսȭͷֻ̡
һ˲ֱ۱ס
˹˿Ĺζİ
߸߹ҵŵ㣬ɫ˿ڿԾɱţû״С㣬ʶؿơ
һ³Ǻ棬羫µƤ𪣬ĵ۾ͨ죬Щӡ
ÿĸƼƣ۵òˡ
ӡУ״СҲףոڳϾȻ޶ԡ
뵽תͷȥС㡣
Ӱô
߰ɡ
õûע⵽СֻǵˣüۼȸԾڲס
ܾûˡ
ʱټһ̳ͼòУƫƫܱ¶Լѽ԰ƵģЦ
ǰ棬ȻȻؾͰ˺档
С㣡
Ʋ壬²һԣС׷ϣίˡ
̫ˡ
õͣ½ŲЦؿСƵĹ۲ԼķӦҲ֪óʲôۣûԼߣߵһߡ
һ
Ʊסһֻ첲
ֱƱţõ̫ˣһ룬ͼԥسԼ֡
õü
Ȼһ룬˹ȥ

Ե
ֻҪԼĶ;
˲֣ϵı鵭Щʲôɿ߸ġ
˵ţֱ߹ȥƵֳ
ЩᣬƵ˲һȦ
ûЩصͷ
֪С㻹ϲԼġԼǸ΢߽һЩˣСķӦȻô
Լֲϲ塣
˺Ż⣺С㣬ǻȥ·ʵϴ˺ܶ࣬Ҷ
ԣõζġǡ֣ƸòΪǰɣ
Ǽʲ̳ĵﾫﾫģһȥۼĵΧ˹
ƯСá
ϸЦݣҪ·Ǳи͹¿ǳλʡ
˵ţָһȥ
õ߱شţѰʺ崩·
ϲ𣿡塣
ԣ㶣û״СԼ·
ûϲģ峤ʱ䲻˵õüŵм·ͦʺ塣
Լ벻嵱˿ȻҪ
Լո˵Ļϵıʵ̫ƽС򣿡
ǲԼ
õЦôһ
˵ţףΣ㿴·ܱů𣿡
ţõһ˼ֲͷŵĻ˵ҪȥϪ𣿴˭˼ҳţ
üɶ
״СЩŽ˲̹ŵǿŶȺܸߡ
ƣԷ¶þ£ԼԵ״СԼ
ĲԼǮǵõôȴԼ
ʹԼ򣬴СҲ
ٿָǼףϲǼ
̵ָױ¶Ŀⲻɱͣ档ϵı˲ЩŤ
Щרҵģôܻڹ˿ǰЦ
ſ˼룬ʵܣ̵ŤֻòִٵŤͷ
ȷǼ
ѡǼԺ󣬰õüġô˵أһ·ᱻѡ棬ͿԿرˡ
Ȳ˵ʽ²°ɣ˵ǻڵɫ⴩ϻøȸƵİ
ʲô̼ˣ
ԭ¶ѡǼ
һɡ
׵
𣿡״СķӦ򴽣ϵıЩʧ

ôôί
˭ס
õĬĬ
򵼹Ņ̧̀°ͣǼ
ԣסЦˣõĺõģԵȣ
Ǽ·ڵ˺ܾãΪʽ̫̫ߵԵñأûܰǼ·holdסÿԴԵֹ֡
ö֮·ͳ˵Ʒ
λСӸֺã϶ÿ
˵ţ仰ٵˣֽ߻кܶÿĴףҪһԴ𣿡
ԣõѸٵ㿴ʺʲôףѡ
ǲ۹ˡ
ܿ죬ûһϲһ⼸״Ŷͦʵġ
õһɨȥ⡣㳯·٣Գض⼸ϲ𣿡
ȴҡͷãֻҪ
ָŵǼڵס
õĬסô
ؿ˳¾ʹףȥ¼Ĺʡˡ
ÿ̾
õ˼ۣȷʵˡ峤һžָȫ԰·
̵ë̺׳ĵ쪻ŻȻɵĹ
õ۵žޡ
û뵽Եôÿ
ͻȻʯͷŹâÿһ죬¶Щâ
Լһһÿסâǣͦгɾ͸У
أõĿͣϡ
ֻûſ·ģǲ·ڸܺȡ
ƺǲ̫⡣

õͻȻʶʲô
ᶨѡ׸òǵ·ױůɣ
·Ȼ̫Ѿ̧ͷɨһȦָָһ޷
Ի𣿡
һͺܺĿʽ
õ̲סüģʵѡҲһʱ԰ɣ
ɹԼԼȰסԺһΨһѡȨѾˣѡ񡣡


39 
˵, Լ۹˼
ŸոϲѡģǺġľͷ̫ɵ, ΪĴůͣǺů͵·
ոǼ˵ȸĵףȫëʵģܱܲůȥˡ
Щȥ¼任ϡ
ɵؿڡ
õѡЩ·ﵽ⣬ȫС
, ĿȾЩ죺ң
һ߿·õǰ΢΢ѹԺҪߵģҿɲñ˿ߵ˴ñŮӶ
˵ţգգۡ
ϧ, ˿û, ĻԺ, ͸ŵ¼ķˡ
õЩϧ̾Ϣ, winkþأôܿأ
廻·Ĺ˼Ƭ, ٱ༭Ȧ
[ãȥżѽ]
˳㸽Ͼġ
, Աϵȥƶˣ֮ǰȥ嶼û

ò˰ɣ
[˵, Բ]
һߣվھǰԼòע⵽İ״С㡣
ҧҧʣС㣬Ҵ·ÿ𣿡
ҪԼʣ״СѾԼ˵ֺĻˡ
񣬼ʹʳڣСҲûע⵽ߣȥ¼Ƕ
塣
õš
Ƭ̣洫Ϥźܳƣš
õһ˻ȥ
Ҫ͵͵ˣ治֪ԼҪô
ȻûܣûȻʲô£õʣ
ôˣ
氲˺һƵᴩ

ȻôһЦԷǵɡ
õЦãһվŵĵֳЦı飬ܿס
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Цͣܿɢһɶ˵СﳤҲԣҲóЦġ
ôͷ
ơõЦЦؿͬһġ
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ӣأʲôõʡ
սס
СﱻѵԺĿģԱһֱվŵĵĵسתƻ⣺
С㣬ҪҽȥС㴩·𣿡
ԣɫİõŵգۣȥŮѴ·
Ůַء
Ʋŵɴۡ
õɲı鳹׽סЦһԼ˵ֱЩԷӦҲ֪ˡ
壬㣿
š
Ѿ£ֻżɫ£΢΢ɽǾݵ
״Сʶ·ס壬־̫á
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ûԥְ̧ѷŴһ졣
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ַ̧סţת
Ŀԣ˴϶ûκβڡ
õӣЩʧ
ΪẦء
¼俪ĵƹ㣬ӨɫԵ񡣱Ѫš󱳴˺õúܿ죬ֻʣһۣǿ鳤״ĺۼȴۡ
ͻȻϵıЩ衣
õʶԼͣʱЩˣõһִƿߣתȥ·
Ҳѹ᲻֪ôǵ֮ǰ仨׵Ǽ
·ƵúڽͣС죬ǶûʲôԣʵС⿴Ŷ˸㲻ҪôԴȥ
ĿƣȻͷЩɢңͷ϶ճ˼ۡ
·ġ
·Ѳ
´β֪ô·ֱ˵ᡣոƴųЦı飬õԶ١
ӣҪô˵Ҫʲô˵ʲôҲ֪Щôġ
·ݸ壺˵ϲ
崹ʣ˵ˣѵͻ᲻֪Ҳᴩ𣿡
Ȼǡ
õ䴽˵ֻάԼ棬˵ƣǾǱ˲¡
˭湢ֱװ
˴˸˴̵ֻ͵ĲŻֳϾֱֵسЦԵøⲻ¡
ᡣ
·ϣõߵһߵͷһѧ𣿡
š
岻ΪصͷۻԼϴŵ·
տʼǺϲ鷳·ԺȴЩ⡣治֪ʲôޣرůͣоôܳȥһȦ
ϡ
õԼѡǼɫµݸ
ãõſš
⣬ۿͨ죬Ƶļ磬ǰο
͡
õЦһ
Ů⻷ǵĶð
С㡣״СƸϽȥͣԲҸոĲǹЦģֻǡֻǾ̫ɰˣûб˼ģ㲻Ҫòã
õüЦֲңҵʲôǸ
ס
壬ϴŲԸ
ʵԼдƵģ·ᴩˡ
ʵѵ˵ʵ
ֻС̫ȡ֡
ƫƫʵڲ뿴СֶԼ¶ʧı飬ոպò׾ԼܵίڴСȻԼǸ
ŲҪ
ưûõüҲһʱᣬӱŤŤƣֱڵľǰ
㿴ҵ۹ⲻɣ
ԣ㶵ؿųڵԼһʱ֮侹Щİ
ɫֱͲ´ϺܳˣԵִԱߵĴСվһ飬ԵøǶԡ
ֻǸ䳤СƭӶѡ
뵽˲üʶҪѵסֲŸ̧ͱס
õǰ΢΢ͷ·ã˫ץ˫۵ƣ򵼹һ̧̧°ͣ
Χҡ
ëǿڸŸΧϣſ˼󣬳ˡ
Ǹߵ¼ӣʣЩˡ
ʹɡ
˵꣬ڵڹһȦõ˲·ô
Ҹո˵Щ͵ַõµַ
Ц⣬һߵͷһԱվŵʣλС㿴ǼǷһ֧
һ䣬ƹ˲ίϽǰԼϵ·ݹȥ
õĿɨǼ·׼ҼҴҵ󣬲Ǹ⼸·ǮԼƾʲôҪϸŵԩͷأ
Լϵ·Լɡƣ˵ʮֲ顣
С㣿
Ƶɴۣš
״Сûиı˼ЩˣԾĴЩǴ𣺡㡭ô
ôˣõ˫ֱأưҴû˵֧
ɡôǮѽԽ˵ԽίôǮʲôҪΪң
Ƥ仰õüȻûôǮ㻹ôࣿ
ǮΪˣôǮˣǶΪ㣿
˵ˣǮҵ£°ҸʲôҵǮֲġ
һ仰°ܷôصĴҲüֱҸطȥ
ûǮһѾˣǡ廹Ա߿Լ
ϸӿûٿޣӣ·ݸ˼㣬ûǮЩ鷳һȥ
ԼĹС㲻ڱԼǸ
ûдƾʲôǸ
ԶȾźɫͷŮͱͱԱŶ̷˧Ůˣ
ӴһϷ
˵ţϸǸСŮˣ̲ס̾ϢǸ׼ҴСҲ̫ˣСҪǹȥǮˣ
̷Ů˵Ŀջأɫƽ˵£ʲôòֵġ
˵꣬תߡ
ȵҰ
ڣؿ档ոƺ֣
Ḻ·͵׼ңõʱ䣬ԼҪȥ˵£̲ס˼
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ƣҸ򳵡
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õƤӶûһ£¡
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һ紵һ¶úѵûиеκ⡣
̧֣סԼϵΧӡУԼûֱůĶ
ԼĵһΧ
ˣ̲סʰ״С㣺ΧǮ
ţõ֪ԣô
һỹ㡣ֱͦûôΧÿµů⣬ᶨٴǿܹǮһΧǮ㡣
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ĵһΧ
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Ϊʲôõüûö˶˵ô뷨
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ʿˮʶ߽һ
ֲŸȥûüץסԷֱֻۣͻȻ

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һѹ۵ƣ治ɫشӶóֻĻʾŵġĸס֣ٴ侲һЩ
֥绰Ǹɻ㣬ûô쵽Լ䣬Ҳ
á
ӦĲɣӻǸոյ¡Լոȥˣ᲻߳ŭ
Ӧòɣ
ҲûԼ˹
˼ȥԼȻˡ
װռ˸ˡ
õõ
֥˼õգգۣĸո˵ʲô
Ĭ˼룬ŵ˼ֻѾˣһʱ䵽ǵô绰
õá
ĸŮû̫໰Ҫ˵ص㣬˾Ĭع˵绰
˵ҪǮΧŸոյĻ⡣
ͷš
ǮõЦ
ԣȴ˿˵ҺӦıꡣҪڣ
Ŷԭء
õһģġ
׬Ǯٻֵ֣û¸
߰ɣҹ֡
˸ʱȥЩ߰ģûƣÿԺúù֡
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һֱﴫһ죬ʶԼеˡ
һʱ䣬ȻѾʮˡ
̲ס壬ԼŲٶȻЩСأŻ顣
𣿡
˵ţֻһ£ΧвٲʽʽС
š
ͷͷϵĶֿ״СֻĻѰŲ̲סʣ𣿡
ţȥԷ
˵ţ־ҪȥĶŸֵһЩԷȴ̺һ˾롣
״õҲ
ֻʶΪ侲һ룬״С㲻ܻȥණ
Ȼڱ裬ϵͳԼͷ̫ҲС
뿴ҸոֱʲôȷˣŲá
ԼȥԼ£ôʲôԼֲ
ֻ˵꣬ϵı㽩ס
岻þˣõ̹һЩһǰ档
ܿ촫Ųάźһҵľ롣
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ڻܺãҲ࣬һȥ˲Ŀ⡣
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ݲ˵ݵǰ
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ϲʲô͵ʲôС㲻ǮҲʳ
ԣ򴽡
ʳ
Ҽʶһΰ״Сʳĳ̵̫ĲҪ̫ҲҪ̫̫Ҳ
ԤϵҲҪù
ǧƪһɵĲʽ忴ҲͷۣҪ״СһģҲϲ˵ԱߵķԱϼǵƲ˾Ϳԡ
Աûֹ˿ͣͷõأλʲôɿ𣿡
õҡͷ塣
ԷҲҡͷ
ԱԺ󣬰ֻʣˣЩڰˡ
õҪЩ˴˵ľʱ徹ѵڣΪʲôƣ
ܾˡ
ӡУ״Сư˳ıʵ˷ѽ⡣
ڸҳӰû𣿡õü
嵱Ȼ֪İ״СһֱΧԼתԼ·ԼǸ
ʵĴ
ΪʲôĿţϲƣΪʲôҳӣ
õǣüҼȾЦ˵ϲأ
ϧǰ˲ˣ鶼ЩҲ˵˫۾˿
ʤ
õ﷭˸ۣԺﵹѸ˼ɣ󿪿ڣ
ǰʱҶư˳Ч⣬ȻҰ
뵽üûҶư𣿡
⻰ǲ١
ȷʵܶࡣԭеƶԭûٺɫ
ԽǴԽǰ
ڣ㰡õ˵ȻЦؿϵķжȥ


40 
ľͷ, Լ˵ϲš
˵Լİõؽˡ
ûٿڡ
ƽʱͻ, Էʱ򻰾͸ˡ
õҲûһ죬Ͼˣʱ˲壬ʼԸس
Ҳ۲Ͱ׼ҵרʦȣǲһء
õͱˣʹòУ˼ھûθڡ
Ӳǿų˰뷹ŷ, κϣ˳۲۲ŵ塣
⻹һθ干Է
ϵĲʽܶ࣬¿Ķȴ࣬ϸ۲ͻֻ֣ᷢҪде, 嶼ûԡ
Է, ʽŴС
ȷһԼĲ², ͣڶԷϵʱ䳤
ۿԷٶԽԽ, ûȥˣõϽ𼱣, ǻʱ䡣
ʱ䡣
쵽һˡ
Ц˼ǸŮȻȥ󡣡
ϵͳǵ֪ԷǸԺ󣬰õ˱ûʲôø, ¶Լ˼Ĳϲͷһء
Լ°ͣ޺ؿ壺
˵ô
, 徯ô
״Сб˵ĳ谮Ƿ˸Ҳʲô£ͬ
ڰ״СߣȴûйȰͷ˻ŭȫԼϡ
ǰߵƣ島˳ǡѹִС㼱Űͻȥԭ²
ǶƳ谮мӰ
崹ò׶԰״Сǵøȥ
ȷʵôõûܷ仯˵ţù˿մеĶŵԷɨߣһЦҾȥˣô
ܾϲ״ҲԼ̽̽Է᲻Լ̻¶Щġ
û´Ļ岻ϲԴС
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Ҳ֪ѳԡ
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ԵĻСȥ𣿡̧ʵ
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ҪǸˣͲĸ˵ǳٵ¡
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ÿڡ
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ɵ̧࿴˴С㼸ۡ
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Ͻ˹
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˼󣬰ӣƶͥͰǳͬѧϵŸĸѧСɼ죬ԸԱαߡ
ⲻ׷˵òô
ԸԱ
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˲˼ûκκøУôһСԷѾע⵽ߡ
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СáС÷˵֡
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á
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Сʱõʱȥ⣬ǰڴôʲôӦ
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ӦûЩϲİɣ
СûʲôӦСϴŲޣֲѹǣϴα˵£Ҳ̫֪ôˣСôණȻһ㷴ӦûУ
һ뵽ЩĶУС۵ҪǰԼָ֮˱ˡ

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ǿǼ۸ֱλǸҲûӦ
С㡣һ磬СС˵С㻹ûء
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С㣬ôˣѲɻ߶ɣ
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ɵֵúҲ¼Լˡ
ᳵ·ؽ˱ֱķȥ
ǹŵģõûʵʵš

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õŽȥһ߽ķ䡣
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ɢŲѾĴӣҳһţΧм䡣
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ʶؾҪԼȣƨ治ΪԶˤ˻ȥ
Ŀһеİõ
ôɵɵģ
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õĬĬʹ̽СӼ״ʣϲ
˵ţ
Ϊ˷㣬ߣ¶µǣƯѪ
Ŀ⽥ͻȻֺǿҵĳ嶯סѹڴϡ
ôϸ۵ӣֻҪһºۼɣ
ţͷ򴲡
[һ]
ϵͳѡ
õ㶣ЦǡȻܳʱ䶢ÿһλ
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ĶˣôΪһԼľżί
ͰװƷ
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⿪Ұϡ
Ĭ룬֡
õҪϣĿⲻָ׸ϣͻȻͣס


41 
ţ
, ǰ˼룬üͷ˲𣺡ô궼ûˣ

彩ס, ²ӲӰʯεΪǿԼǰʯ
ʱϲӦѾ˰ѶóȥǮˡ
ֻڼ䣬ܿǲʱˡ
Ӧ
õһûԺȥĿӿݣԡ
ðɣֻС¡
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˵ţְϡ
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һʱжģ
֪ԼʱȡŪԺ״С㣺𣿡
˵ƻûҹ, ˳
˵, õԼֻͳûֻ̫, ϵ㶼ϵ, ֮ǰֻˡ
ֻƯſɰֻǡ
һ, Щţҵģ
Ȼõֻֻֽܻڡ
, Ļ
ڿֽ˲䣬ѸϢ˲ð, εöҸ״Сӡ
ô
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š
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ϲָо
õͷ΢ע΢ţ¼
Сʱ󣬰õ΢΢źбһΨһһ


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˿ϣҶˣ㱧ҹȥòã
ԥ룬ոհ״СʮԼֻ£׻Է
ͻȻڿðõʶֹ岱ϣ΢һͷͿÿ򢡣
׹ȥ
΢΢Ǳߴ˴գǼȫϸɾˬıζ
أԷͻȻתͷ
°ͣõһƺԼǻ𽥱þҵ
һѾ˴š
䣬ƺϴ˴ڡõոɢȥӶںڸոȡ
Ŷ˶ȣܵˬ˳Сȴȫ˲佩ס
˻
˶Ҷˡ
վڴǰͷŰ״СģƳԼһѶԥ룬ǰ
ţ
õգգۣʲô
ֻͷ˫ַԼһһߵͺˡ
ַȱõβ׵Ƕġ

ԷȲӴ󣬰õƲסطһ
˲һƲߣɫҧźԼٷ߳ܵ
˻
̫ˡ
õҧȴ̲ס

ԼСȵĶסҲοԼʲôûˣǸϽƿ⣺
ôôʲôᰡ
յøˣַͨʲôģȥˣоµȶ̵ġ
¶Ȳ͸˽ŵĲλݹ̵顣
ԺЩûС
õվһȣȷʵоˣûС
̹ˣ̲סոѾؽԼĳ
̲סٴο
ϸۣû뵽ͦо
֪ؼ廹ûشԼ⣬ʣ㻹ûشңֻƬÿҺÿ
״СȻҪʳȻˡͷ˼Ƭ̣ѡˮÿ
ܰ״СƢã粻ò˵ȷʵʹա
Ĵƺûð״С⣬Ϊ״Сüͷ
֣Ȼһ븧ƽԷüͷĳ嶯
ðɡ
˼ŽССһأõû¶ֻûУ
壺á
õĴ𰸣״СߵøɴࡣһӰлϵĹζ
İ״С仯ܴûŨˮζֵ㿪ʼ¶
ʶŹ
˼
塣
ϲɵ˼̧ϲɺ󣬳ſ߽
Ѿͳȥˡϲ˵üСҪ֪ˣܻ
Ҳᱩ¶㡣򴽣˵ţͷǶѶҳһµݸϲɣıꡣ
ϲȴûӡ
ַ̧˷٣¶һЦǴСģҿɲҽӡ
ĿͣϸϣЦⶫʺңԼðɡ
ԣü
룬ޱҺʹСȥӰŵӣ˼󡣡
ϲϵЦס
壺ǸŮ˲򵥡
ðΣϲɲſڣõģллҡ
巿ȥԺϲϵı㳹ȥ
֪׼˿ˣҲԶԶؿһۣȴû˻ǰŵӡ
ȻѾ
˼󡭡
Ȼ˼
飬ϲϵı齥Į
*
˼ס׼ң׷öԴͨ˵д˼԰׼Ҵ󲿷Ӷ˶Ϊ˼ǰŵѡ
ϵķѵ֡
õЦЦؿԼС÷Ǹĵģ׷˱úܿģߡ
˼ڰ࣬ڰ׷˺С÷̸Цʱʱʱżвˣäд֣ϸػʲô
ն
䣬õͰ֥ĿϡС÷̸İ׷˺һ߿ƶС֮䣬Ͱ֥Եø롣

˴˴ӱ˴￴˲ͷֲԼͬŲߡ
õǴúóԶٷԼ񣬻ǿ˿ڣС㣬ôڹýģ
ǰ׼˶֪¡
һõ⣬С÷ĵİ׷˶
һΡ
˼۾糣żۣû뵽պҲڰɣ޵İš
õҼǵСҾãǶʱӦûжٻɣôȥأ
õ˼ĲϲûΣ˼ȴûƵģܻظõһЦݣǱҵΣѧԺһЩ
ǣ
õգգۡ
ǰС÷ӹõҺ˼󣬻мͬѧһȥء
˼˵Ļõζ
С÷ǰŵͬѧǺܺõѡС÷ֺ˼һμ˱ҵΣǾʹ
Ǵѧһˣ϶Ц۵׵ĶӣĽҵ˻һãĽǡ
˵꣬ɹһŲ˰ţȫ˵ı鶼仯
õˣĬĬͷԷ
һٷԵø˼
׷˺ҲûٸС÷˵һ仰̬һӾ
ڿʱ֥ڲһε¡
˼ȵʱúϢʱõõһȥɢɢġ
õģĸ˼ͷŵȫᣬģһúչ˺ðźʹСġ
ĸףҲһȥõ˳һ¡
֥ȻӦ
оûԼʲôˣõϽط䡣ŸһţϵͳѾ
[ջ+30ܻΪ50ͬʱƬѡ鿴Ҳ¼ڱ]
ôࣿ
õüϸһ룬ֵʱԼһֱֻ֣߬ҲӴͦ࣬ջ˸
һ룬Ҳࡣ
ϵͳĻе
[Ƿѡ鿴]
ҿļƬЩ۸Ļ棿õüͷԹ̫⿴
[ƬݲϵͳܿƵ]
¼ڱɣʱһ죬˯þ
õû뵽ȻûмƬϣε壬һǸݵġΡ
ǽӴ̫࣬翴̫ùаõμԼ󣬰ѹĻ档
Ҫʵľͷܶ࣬ŸհѹϣԷѾǳǿƵذѹˡ
ϸָϣϡ
ⳡΨһһɫʵξάʱ䲢
ʣȴ󣬴Ƶûܷѹȥеһжƿء
ийȫԷţĽƣԷĴȴҪ䲻䣬Ҳֻ롣
õеҪ
ĵĿ鼸ˡ
͵عסĲӣͼϣԷȴ΢һͷ㿪ǣſԷ۵׵ĺ
Ҳϲ
Ȼֹõѡ
밵賿ĵ룬š
˵ƣشðΣһ໰
õֲԼΪԼôζŭΪԼŪƼ䣬ԼñۣԷȴ۱䣬˵ϲĻ
۵Ӷ񣬴̵ﶼһܵҪ
ǻŭ޴йɻشϣ߳ŭǲǰļƬԴˣ
[ϵͳƬú¼ڱϵͳ]

õñס
Ѿ߳ˣƫƫζ󻹾ܾԼ
̫Ҫˡ
Ϊ£õû˯Ϊ˺ȥϴ˺ڶ˵
оҪðǰࡣ
С嶼ûСðϡ
ĪеҪȥ塣ȻҪˡ
һһ룬ֻԼξѣôǨŭͷϡ
˵Լð
õֻ뿴嵽ǲĻôԼ
˵ҲȥôʱˣҲӴ˲٣ҪǻôԼͦ˴ܵġ
˶Ѿߵ˻԰ŲӲͣ

ۡ
λǸʾԼܱߡ
ûȨĻжң
ǰƫƫԲϡ
ץӷεʹ࣬õ˱ۣһƽ顣
ԣȨҪġ
Լ壬幥Լ
ת˼άŪͷǵϵͳҭ
ֻһζѡ
ŮɫβǺΪʲôͨһôźеĶ
õѾʼߡ
Сȥɢˣ
԰ոˤһӣСȥҩء
ҪϹģҿ϶鷳Сô°
£Сһ
⧲Ӷǵ̸õͣ½Ų
Ӷżƺѹ۵ԱߵСľŵľǰţ˵޼ɵ
˿֪ΧӶ˶˵Ļϵıƽ
촩˼ɫӴ£մ˲ٲмͷϲ˼֦̿ϸǻ˼ӡ
С㡣
һ
õͷϲɺ΢һüô⣿
ϲָָŵķϸü΢΢£üȾ˿ɫԶԶؿСˤЩҩ
õͷȻϲϵҩ䡣
̧̧°ͣǾ鷳ý㴦һˡ
˵ţǼԼϲ˵ͳ׻ȵӶˡ
ϸ֮»ͦ졣


42 
֮ǰ˵ԼǼˡȻ, Щ˰Բġ
֥겻ڼ, ׷ڹֻ̣֣ܽԭԼǸ¾ߵüӶûûء
Ȼҽҵ
Ǽȥʰõۿǣ䵭ڣڿʼǱˡ
ڰǰϲԻͷۡ
˭˼󣿡
ʱͻȻڡ
֣ϲ۵˲˼⡣̧ͷ, ĬؿǰϤ
ԷѾȥ˵͹°ǣӵƯ۾Ѿʧ˹ʡ
˼󡣡
֪ԷϲԾɵͣϲɣϲɡ
Ȱõ߹ʱ, ϲѾϺҩ, ·ͷϵӲҲһɾ
ϲϸ¡
ȥϪȷʵʵġ
ýš, ǾһȥϪ, Ǳźңչ˵ҲУʱչý㡣
˵, ǰäҪŽϲɣдһ, ϲͻȻ
С㣬ССƾͺá
áõû롣
ǰõ, ոո㴦˿ڵСƣȥϪչ㡣
֪ոյĲ˼󣬰㶣漴ƽҲǣζԣոǸ˶ôᣬȷʵ˼
˼չҡҪ鷳ˡ
鷳
ǰٴֳϤ壬ϲ˽סǰ
˭
С
õƳڰǰϲɣ֪ǴΣ֮ķΧЩ֡
û̫飬ֻǾЩԺź˼϶Ҫɢʱڰ׼ңҪչˡ
ദĻϲҲǲС
뵽Ϥ˽һ£úչ
˵꣬ת¥ȥ½Ŀռ䡣
һ¥ͼ˼󼱴Ҵߣҽҩ䡣õ۵״ЩסСȥģ
˼󣺡С㣬ˣȥһ˿ڣʲôµһ˵𣿡
һģ
Цһ˰ɣҪϹȥҼý˶Ҫˡ
Լ컹û䣬̾Ϣһ:
С÷߻ǿϧ
˵꣬΢̧°ͳǰȥ˼ʱײļ
֮ⲻڱ
ڷûãСޱˡ֪ԼиʱͰС޹˰ź˼ǲ¥
С㡣СһݱûϻѸٵС÷С㳳ˡ
õû̫⡣ܣһǶˣո˼Ͽһκۡ
С÷˦ƣ㿪ˣֻǶԷָ׻ϻһĺۡ
õûʲô
÷СúƯС˵סǡ
˵棬СЩݡ
õЦԼС÷׵ۻͦõ
һμùĸ飬ֻҪ΢һŲɵӣ˼ͱȻС÷¼ɡ
ɣְɡ
˳ڰЩ˵ͨͨ
Ŵѻƿŵõȡ͵С÷䡣
ϸջϵģֶĿ
Сޣǵð˵رһЩ̫⡣
СһЩ㲻СʲôǶˣŵͷõģ֪ˡ
죬׼Ҵ¡
һǴС鲻ãһʹ˼Ӷˡ
ǴСֿС飬ժõȥ˵ϻˡ
ǴСѽߴӲȱŮ˵ġڱɨС˵
ɳϿӵҧһ
㲻𣿡
ΪʲôҪüС㲻һֱû𣿼һһûôҶе㲻ϰء
Ҫ˷Լˣʵڽܡ
СϲϲԼĵǽûб˴ʺƨ
ţͼ¥
Է˰״С·˱ͳøƷȥˣ·Դâһ
ʣǵеκһ˶塣
ʶһ㣬̫˵ط˸ۡ
塣
ؽסԷͣ½Ųʱ򣬹⻻һͬı飺
㻹֪ɣ״СˣһС÷ŮˣΪС÷ժõ壬ֶأ
㰡ѾСڽˡ
˷Ӧ΢΢ֻ̧̧˻ֻСңˡ

̫죬ϵı鶼Ť
Ȼ˴Сĳ谮嶼ˡ
ȥ¥һ·Ӷڵ̸¡
ϱ鲻䣬ԺȴԾظǸС÷ӡ
·ͣ½Ų΢΢ͷ棬ӳӡ䵭Ŀ۾ʼһֱ£ԺһһԱȡ
һֱǰĿͣס
У״С˵һƭĻ
С
ǸС÷ȷʵʱ·ҪסǰǴСϲ͡
塣
񣬿Զļ˲üͷܡ
֥ϲ˵溰̫⽨Ǵ൱溰ܡ
õõǺô£
˵ţ֥üͷõõһȥģǸС÷ʲô
ǰ֥һС£΢ϣѵý
սϵֻһʱѡ
Ҳ֪֥˻ûţԷ˼룬Щѹ֡
õõߺúÿҿ׽˺ܶࡣ֥ٴοڣ˶ֲһ䣬ӳϪԺ϶¥
϶¥ζźʹСľһ
ǰǰ˷ܵôýҪС׶ˡ
ͷ׵ʶǰµʱ䣬ԴСɱ⾹ʣ޼
ɱŨʱ༯ڱ԰Ǽ죬ɱĵһһĥˣľҲ˷ܡ
أ
ӽ԰֪䣬СĹϵƺͷ˱仯
Ѿûܹĸоˡ
Ը⣿
ĳʱĬð֥ü
ԣ̧۵״żᶨûС
Լκξ
ϸ֮£ɱ˰״С㣬ٲҲֻԼ
׼Ȩ죬ֻǸͨˣỹš
ĸ
иڣͲ˼ɵط衣

Ϊ֥嵽ﶥ¥ʱ΢ЩڽǰñС׼
Ͼȫ¶ˣС鲻ݡ
״Сһ˲ͻȻ־Щ˵ǿѨ硣
ʲô
״СЦӯӯô鲻õӡ
߽ȥĿͣڰ״Сϸ۵ϣӨһƬҲ˵ӡ
嶢Լ֣õգգۣСǶȥԣ΢һ֮˲Լ׵뷨
ִ󷽷ذַǰ
֮ǰҸףô
ԣͷ˫֡ϸۣСŴ۰׵ָ׸ϻ֮ǰס
Ծɾ¡
ƿĿ⣺Ҳᡣ
ҿԽ㡣
״С仰岻ɱس˳ǡС㵽ţ
ʱˣС㱻˳ЦĻԼ
ҶԸˣһλ岻õüϿŭ
ϧ徹Ӳ
ԾɾܾҺܱѧá
ǰ䣬õ˲üСʱ屿£˵ᴩ·ƳЦ
㲻
ٵϴ棬һ㶼
õǰһס΢֣Ƕ˵ǶԼ˵
ܴҲ˵Լˡ
ʦԼ˵һ仰͸塣
״СõЩ̧ͷϿеϧ
ϧԼ
ûпޡ
ߵߵߵ
ſڴ
õһ٣ͻȻʶԼЩǾ仰˵Լ
Ҳ֪ûвʲô뵽˲侯衣
ðԼĴ¶ˡ
ûĶѸٹЦȵҰõߴӲˣ˵Լҿ˵۹𣿡
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ˡ
õ͵͵ۣһƬƽﵽûôˣſ棬վŵС÷ƤӺݺһ
ôˣ
ȻһҪǽǹС÷ģʵϻͦС÷ġ
ԼĲ²ȷĻС÷֪ҹĻǺѵӡ
ȻֻԼĲ²⡣
Ҳû¶̫Լţȥ
С÷ϹЦԷգգۣ͸Ļϲ𣿡
С÷ЦĿƮƮŵɨһۣϲɫعı飺
ллС㡣
˵ţ׼õĶݸõһξļƷоʺϰС㡣
ģȫ˼󳳹һܡ

ͷǸֻҼʮ־Ұʲôξⶫ
õֽӹ̬㲻顣С÷Ҳû̫ͣã˶ߡ
ذõֹš
߻棬廹棬ȴϵ䡣
õְѹҼϣԼߵǰȶԷӦ˫ֳ߷֣ͻȻǰ
̫ͻȻ˲üķûüΡ
õſƬ̣΢˿û
Цһվֱӡ
ʲôֲ㡣
˵ţչԼֿۣϲɵͻȻ;ԼϵָЩѿˡ
۲΢΢ת壬õͻȻ⣬ûӦʱϣҲ̹סĲӡ
ʶҪ
ĴСǲµĶƵģŴȴвҪˤˣȥ˳Ϫˡ
̶ס
ݻɳӲظŻǹɵ㡣
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ڲǸʱ
СԼƳԴ׵ʱĻᡣ
ϵĽӲǻڿ࣬
ճھͷԼЩˣһ٣ɤӼ£ôף
ǾͲˡ
õһһͻȻϸоҲȲ˵ֻ᲻ǣ˵ָо
ţô˵أ
ҪһǴžˬɡ
Ժ󣬶ԷòӾøǿ
塣
õջһֻס°ͣԼӣīõᣬŹƻ
𣿡
˵ţӴǰܸоĺԼϣܸоòٴνӲ
õĴͣ°ʹӡȥ
ûС
㿪ڡ
𣿡˵ţõͣĴϣһ˵һĴΡ
ձ
ƺڰʾʲô
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ܺܲϣȷʵСĴ
ţ
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ûС
һ΢΢ͷõϻָЩǣûᣬҲϲ
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جγǣ
Ҳ㡣
ǰ촽ɰĶѾð죬ξȻͬ
û
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Ҹʶǻﻹй¶Լɱ⣬أ
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Ȼܲܶ㿪һ¡
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ƯϴǰǹɹζƺøŨҡ˲סʶۡ
ɴû֮е۾΢΢һȡ
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֪˶ãۡ
СѾ뿪ϻŶԷϵζ¶ȣոӡ۾ϵܿƵ̧֣ԼƤϡ
ոǱ
Ÿʲô
ɵɵģõЦȻԷɵɵģǲûԼԸĨ
Ǻ¡
ֻҪų׽ʹʵԼ
Ƭ̣õ߹ȥס֣
㿴
õ忴Լոʦҳ״ȫ
ϲ֣Դʡ
Ȼ˵ҪרʦȻôÿ֣Բ˷ѡ
Ƥϵ˶ǻ㱵ģʲôͻȻʣ
С㲻𣿡
ԣõգգۡ
ǽϲŻ֪ԷػԺ󣬾ûٹȥ
ʱѯʣʶԷ̽Լ
Цؿ壺ô֪ûʣ
˵ţõԼԱϵֻ
ԣͷԺ˼ɹǳ⡯˵˵ǾһŮˣҽԺչǸŮչһϡ
ţ
̽Ǹ״
ľͷ÷ȣԼ״Ȼüӡ
ǷԼƽݼ̻Ͻŵı飺£
˵ţҲ˴˾롣
õȻסֱۣԼչ˵˵ô£
ߵɳһš

̫ˡ
ڣûԼҪʧ£ԼӲڣƽȣ
ûи𣿡
ƵȻ˵ÿҵƣۿġ
ûУ˵һ⣬Сķ˳ȥҽԺһ¡
ƶԹܼ˵ɡ
Ǻ˵òࡣ嵽ѧЩ˵ߵǷǺڰ׵ı£ĬָɰͰ͵һ䣬ǸˣܲԾ
ԾõһЩȤôԾ
ȴס
ô˵أ
С㿴Լ
ȻܶԴС˵


43 
ûȻ, õǱߵǷӦô֪Ծۿˣ

峹Ĭס
Ժ˺ü붼ûҪʲôӦԡ
Լû뿪׼ңô֪ǸŮ˿Ƶ񲻶Ծ
ͻȻ
õգգ, һ֪Լ˵ˣǼ٣ܵȥĻѽ
øϽ취ȡ
Էתһܼ˵иŮƻ϶Ǹʱ򿴼İɣ
ԣ˿˳Ű״СĻͷš
˵岻̫״ȥתƻ⣺С㲻˵𣿡
˵˻ʵ, ƽʱѧѧ
ԡ
õҲ͵͵˿
ףĵؽ֮ǰĽɾ¸ˢһ㡣
ûԼĵذǱ״ȫóϲĿ
ĿȫǸƯס
Ŀܿ춨һᶨ
õһɨȥ, 㱻Ϲۡ
ȷ
, ôʽо̫Щ, ƺʵ岻̫
ȷ
ͷ, ̲סȥ״Сһеꡣ
ϲѾ˰֮ǰʯתȥֿʽָĻʯӦûᷭ
, ðɡ
õԼľͷѾС˼ϲǸʽ, ظ㡣
˵ɣʮָ, ȻѲʱ䡣
ȽԼֶһЩ
С㡣
뿪ǰ׵سϪҿԶ㶫ȥ𣿡
Ȼõͷֶһ䣬Ļҹܼá
ˣϵͳ:
[ոô۾]
ǴĻǵĻһЩԼŰ彴𣬵û뵽ʱ򣬵ˡ

õĲɡ
Ϊʲôأ
ǣӵĴͷȴΪ񣬴Ӷı䷽˶Է۾ϡ
Ӷ·˰ɡ̾Ϣ
*
ϣС߰õܼҪ䡣
ȷǰϲɺãõüɡ
ȷʵС˵ģССҹܼáСһ䣬С
õĬסͦ棬忴žָͣϴμķ䶼ƵƵģȫȫ硣
װʲôװӣ
Ҫ֪ҲѡϾֻǸССΣһͻˡ
գõۼ߷ŵ䡣
ɵϳǰĶȥ𣿡
ֻ壬õ˶ࡣ
ûСֱֻͦͦţϵıźЩţС㣬ȥϪĻҿԻһ˼𣿡
Ȼ
õͷ
˵Ϫڽξ㣬˶ѼŪޣҲ⡣
ʹӰ׷Ƕ֪ȥסҡ
ûŸ塣
ͦڴ֪ºķӦ
Ǹ˻Ǿ
һ·ɳۡ
ϪĺԶĻúüСʱõտʼܴ񣬺һ˾˯˹ȥ
ڼͻȻһصʱ򣬲ŷְ״С˯
ӵͷֻܿСķСͷ˳Ũܣ⿴ͷĻʶؾ˺ܹԡ
ȻСǾԸֲߵġ
ͻȻ˶
Сľż˴̽ԴüҪȥɲŸһСԴԼϲ˲䣬﷢䲻
½ס
һСľżѾ˳ϣֳûע⣬һ˰״Сϡ
壺
˲䣬׷ȥƫƫСľż֪ʲô磬һӶ㿪ʼ˳ŴС
ţۿСľżҪС·죬ĿһݣѸٳ֣ץסԷͬʱϵȴҲûܿס
ڸʲô
ǰĶŪѵİõͷŰָ˳Լ·ߵֿ˰Σ˻µġ
ԼǡϮˣ
Ŷ
Ҫջ֣õѸץסЦӯӯռұˣ߲񰡡
ðĿɾͲǶˣ˲䣬Ѹٱɫռ졣
ƻƵġ
Ҳ֪߻ŵǸɰͰ͵ûٵûС
Ȼ֪ʲô⸱ģ̲סȥװһı飺
ûϵ㡣
Ժʲôֱ˵ͺˣһ㲻ɣ
˵ţԼϰô𣿡
Ĵвɺӡ
ףҧѸֳٰΪ̫˲˵ץۡ
ȭͷսĲĴУŬװûոմСϷŪ
ոֻ档
Ŷ
ԣõζ

ʵںߣõЦһͷ·˳ûʲô
ոûʲôɣ
ѲǳԼ˯ɻˣ
[ûأģΣգϵͳǰʾ]
Ⱥ£
õüϵͳˡ
Ŀֱͣ룬ǾöԷֱϵץЩۣԼ֣ԼѾָ˼
ԼҲ޼ָˡ
Ƭ̺ʱ䣬ǹȥ˰Сʱѣõ˲
ʲôʱܵ
ܡ
ԭûôԶţҲûô˾γĸо
ԴΣθеܡ
ˣҲЩ顣
ǰ˾ϱγҩ𣿡
õ񶨵Ļش󣬰õɫӻôֻüۣ˯ȥܼٲʡ
һ·õû˼ٶˡ
ﰲҪֻ״С೤ĺ
˯ȥ˲䣬ļٴһءûҶСľżҲ˰
С㾹Ȼγ
ͷ
ܿСİʹǱ۾˯üͷԾɽţﶼƵġ
С˰裬ֻʣ޺ֿģž
ҲʱΪʲôһӡ
Сģ˭ȥжӣ
ʶԼȻΪС򴽣Ҫƿߣתһ룬Ȼ̬׽˹ϣԼΪʲôѧ
̲סø档
屾ӴСѧľ裬ȴûϵԼſžͻ
һ״Сò
ֻĽëʮŨܣ۾ʱȫһƬӰ
С΢ͦҲܺÿȻÿǴӣС죬ʮ۵ӡ
岻رؼԼһȥʱ򡣼ʹֻǣԾܸܵ
ǰûһ㹥ԣ˷ǳƯ
ʹͷﲻ֪ؾһζ

õһ·˯Ϫ
ʱ򣬳Ӹ¸١
˶ʶԼ壬ֱתͷȥ
һĴú档
ѹŻĲڣõչȥһ𿴿⣬
ϲ𣿡
ûش⣬ǳ·ûиոƽ̹Сȷһ
ԣõһ
ڹ
ġЦŵûسϪԲ֪Ѿξ㣬·ߵĶȥ
õû뵽ô졣
ʮӣ·ͱÿˮҲװסõק׼õĴµû찵ء
ӱͣ
µۺᣬ۽ǷİõΡΡ˳Ÿն׵·ߣһɳ۶һβ
żǹζõ˲ַ˶ģθû˶Ϳʼˮ
ò׻һ£һϵͳ
̳ûγҩ𣿡
ûϵͳĻشҰͻȻһƿѾš˸ӵĿȪˮ
Էϵָʵ̫ҫۣõ̧ۣͷ֪˭ˡƽӹƿӣڣֺ˿ˮѹѹĸС
ۡ
õû˼ȥ壬Լ
ѶͰȴ˵ʲôԸϳˡĿʣŲҪȥ
ƵҲˣͣ·ߣҲͣ
С㣬ôˣ
˼ҡ³ʵ
õȻڶԣ˼ҲûԼʲôʮ£һ䣺γߡ
ôγأ˼۾һۣüҽں棬ȵȰɡ
ϻôʲôõͷ
˵ţ³ǣϽߣ
ɫãͷԵ𺣬ͦˡؽţûȥǸ֡
ֻĿɨСԱߵϣ̲סԼϲɵ
ҪҸСһͺˣҿ϶ôСܵġ
ԣϲ̧ôγҩ𣿡
Ʊһ㶣ίڣϲɣˡ
ǰϲɺչģ֪ĴһҲ֪ô£ϲɿʼ߽Լ̬Ҳûǰˡ
ߵϲһϸ֮£˵ûû
ԴϴȡЦԺҲǰദ
Ϊദһ飬ٸ˸оһЩ
Ҳ֪ǰǳʲô磬ܾԸԼӦչһЩ
Լͬ䣬ԼƾʲôһζǨͣһζչˣ
Ȼֱ̹ԼĲϲȻһ䣺ûб˼ֻǾüʹСһҲǻγ
û˼𣿡Ƶ˵ã϶ġ

ϲû˵ȥģԼ˵ʲôƺ뵽˼ƫͷװ羰
״Ƹѹˡ
ϲɾȻԼ
ǰ¬Ӱ룬ϲҲˣֻԼεӰֻǵ۸ǶԼˡ

Զ𣿡
õѿȪˮƿӵݻ壬
屻ʵһ㶣ʶʲôŷһ˿ϲ⣺Զ߼·͵ˣ
˵ţŴС飬̽ŵСҪȥǶЪЪ𣿡
ƯϾСõѿɫͲ٣䴽ðȥɡ
˵ţ˾ǰĳһߡ
С㣬أ˾¶Ϊѡ
Һɢɢõӻ֣ϴŲͷϽߣȻ㹤ʣ
ÿԸһϪ򣬱ϾСĵطоͦ档
˾ֲõջǿų뿪
ֵֻʣõ塣
˵оͦĿԧ죬õ̲ס䴽
ͻȻҲܲԺγĲʸжˡ
Ҳļ硣ǰסֱۣȻҹ䣬ʡһȥֿ˼
ͻȻ׽ûų⣬ֻ΢΢˳״СѹסΧӦ˾䣺š
ʵϣȴûдŰ״Сҹ䣬ƼϤĵطôܱ侲Գ֣
ۿߵԽԽ죬Щϣõ˳ǣɿվԭء
ι
΢գӶǻؼңΪʲôѡ³ɢǰɣ
Ǹȥ
ô죬ܵġ
˵γˣûγҲܲסٶȡ
弱ڻؼҵģٶȶµȷԼ˵ǲǹЩ
쵽ˡ
˵ſ״С㣬ĿڶԷɷ׵ͣ󣬵˲䲻㡣
š
Ҫ˴С㣬С㲻ȥˣʵ䷴
ۣܿһܶСԽ֣ţָָһҿɾ̲꣺ȥǼҵһ
̲ꣿ
õ΢
ԼǸ磬ٺ̲衣Ϊضȳθ׵Բ˽ֱߵСԺЩƷ
͵ȹһΣк졣
£ܸоԭܽȥӦҲûϵɣ
á
ǰס֣ۿɼĸ
̲˲࣬ҲûСǰ̨̲ĵطżˣƳ۲ԶŵӣȴŰõǶ
С㣬㡭
ͽõõɡ
õûʲôʵСű˽ԼС;ùεġ
û뵽ͨͨĳƺ徹ֹüضûܰõõ˵ڡ
ǣ
˻ûܰѻ˵õһаõаõ˰ɣ
áԣ岻ɫ˿ŵȵȣȥǱŶӵ㵥
˵ţָָϵĲ˵ȿԼҪʲô̲裬˹ҡ
˶ֲ΢Ҳԡ
ۿһˣûІȥϽŶȥˡ
λϵİõһ̲˼
˫ڣ֥ʿҬҬѩʡ
Щʲô
ûе̲ľһֻ̲ͦͷΡѡǾֻѡˣͷҳֻϢһ⡪Ǯ
뵽̧ͷǰ̨Ŷӵ塣
һֱҪȻмŮڸ죿
ҪͨҲͰˣƫƫǼŮ߲ơ
ô£
ԼСɵȻֻԼ۸
õ
ǱߵõĲ࣬ǰļŮȷʵ߲ơ
ȷе˵⼸λͬѧ
һʱѧУʦע⵽֪仹δѧԺѧУʦĸϵԱԤ
һԺǻѧĻᡣ
ʱ뿪ѧѾȥ˽£ѺͰѧ죬ԵһֱܺãѧУҲɱس˰ų衣
Լ֮ǰͱ˾֪


44 
˶, СǴƭӣƭ, Сƭӡ
Ϊ˸Ƴҹ鷳
ɲɣǰ⼸λЩ֮һȻҲʡ͵ĵƣֻôûЩ˺ƶ˰ۡ
˵ȥ˵ôҽ
߸ŮϴųŪ
ߵһŮ˸ųòǱϳ˰ɣ
Цһš
̲Ŷӵ㵥ĴˣôƯŮ˺й, ׷׿˹͵͵óֻ¼š
ռ״ϵıˣ˵
ұúÿǸƭӡСС;͸Ƶ, СϲˡǰһǧС, ֱӶ¼, ȥ˼Ƕ鸾
˻һ, ˿˲ˡ
ȷʵúÿ
°߲ʡ
鸾ıǩԺ̲סظ
ȷʵ˾ͺһڡ
Ÿ߽, ˭֪İģأ
ôС͵鸾ˣɣ
ҲûǸܣϴģ۸񲻷, ϵôܴģ
ϵĶùӡ

, ֪ԼС˵ˣ˱ۡ
һֱֱӶ֡
ҪСľżһͻȻ
ڸʲô
ʶͷõʱԼͬס
İõŻȻɵĹŹ⣬ȺԵøۡ
˶סˣõ䴽ǣȺվࣺ
ôԶԶؾŮѣ
˵ţסĸ첲ǵϣϴЦ̧ͷȥŽô֪ҵ鸾ѽ
㡭
Ǳ˼ҵС˺ĳƺûļҽẰ˺㡣
屻ƺҵס
ϵСľżһʱûסžһڵϡ
һ죬õͷûϵʲôͼѾŵؽ
ţ
ۣζƳ۹򶨵塣
ʱ򣬵ȻǼƽʱ
Ц̿ǼŮˣʶҼҽ𣿡
ǡͬѧ
վǰƯŮ˵ע£ɱؽ
Сʱ֣˲һ
꣬ΪҪһѵû뵽;⣬ˮȻˮӲҪСǸĵζζƵģԼĻ
ҲˣؼҲ֪Ǳ˭й¶ˮӵ£۹⳰Ц˺þã
Ҷ˵ǲ⣬϶մùÿÿ£ͺ޲ðж˿顣
ƳǰϸƤƯŮˣ˼
Ǹ年ĴС𣿡
Ȱ㻹ɣСͰˣŮɣ崿߽ʵϾǿ鲻֪ùĨ

õգգۣ㿴һֱڹѽ
ˣҲҪᣬŮѣѾһöˣһֱȽ϶ࡣ
˵꣬һƵǰһ鷳ɾƵŶҪǱҼ֪ҺŮѱ͵ˣٷְٻ׷͵ߵΣʱû㡣
õϴЦ˵Ļȴ˲
Ƶ˲ʵɾƵ
ллϡ
˵䣬Ѿǰ̨
˹ſ־û˵㵥䴽̧ǰ̨ӣˣұϷˣȥ̲ȫҵ£ףҺȸѽ
˵ְһ
ǻȻָǼ۸ˣ
⼸λ㡣
յ˵ɫ˲ѿȥ
õƸͦñֱ˵žҪȥǮ
ŸյͷϵıͻȻһ¡
ûҵֻʲôĺ񶼻ڳ
ɻŸ̳ȥ
̧ͷװ£Ǯ𣿡
״С㷴Ӧ˸²⣬Ƥ˲
ȻǮʯǮֽھﴧšȻóԼ͵͵ʯȻ¶
ҡͷûС



βӣõһǰ̨еĿ£ѳȼ𣿡
Ӷûô
Ѿֺٵؿٳ׷
ΪõǾҪ˺̲ϢǶԼͬĬס
װ
ȷӦΪǵ˴Ļ˲ЦЦˣûǸͳװʲôư
ҿϴҲɽկɣ
ǻסͼʲôôϲװ߹𣿡
ߵСҲ׷׷Ӧһһģѻ˵ԽԽ
״Сʲôʱ
ǿ϶÷ġ
ûȰõøôԵԼȲʧ棬ܸȺžž־ͻȻס
ţ
ţ
ѵõסըë˲ȥ
һߣĶһ˰
Ҳ˷ʱˣǰһҪײǣȴû뵽忴䣬ͦ죬ûײأ徹ȻѾקˡ
ôأ
ҡ
շ˸ۣԽǵ˼̲裬ֶǰ̨
ͬѧǡҿɲոĳְװƤǺò˰ɣ
õ

ԼΪʲô³
о仰ԺʲôشһҪ̽õסԷ忴ʱѾָЦ̵ģ
ûţͬѧҪͣǸӡ
˵ţЦųסǰ̨ҸŮ鷳͹
գ֮ǰǸλá
壺
ڲ˶ڿǡ
üͷţ״С㣬Է䣬̲ס΢΢򴽡
ָԾؿϵĲϡ
ΪԼСŻᶪôǮġ
ðΣϻЩǮ˺̲裬ȥǮˡ
˵žҪ
õ϶죬̰ס
õûǮģʵԼһǮûУ֪ˣȻΪԼԸǮͦ˵ġ
ֵһۣǮʹţǮôִʲô

Ǯִţ
״СǮĻ̲ǮǴС֧
˭Ǯִţ
Ҫ룬˼룬ŵı˲ռײռ
ù⧲ôһ䣬˲һ顣
û뵽˸ôƤŮѡ
ι
Լ̲裬ŵĵӣˣǰҪŪͬѧۻᣬǵ
ӦòҼҽȥɣõСˣ˳ϡ
˵ţԷգգۡ
ô壬ߵСﵽ׻΢΢һ
˵˼
ͬѧۻҪЩƣʱϡͿģҲͷˡ
ҲãƯҲãҪԼΪΪ
Ȼԡ
Цһ̬رˣãԼӸ΢𣿡
仰ûʲôӦ˲һ
գشӶԷ￴˿⡣
Ҫһʱ֮Щݡ
Ҳʱŷ֣Ⱥ˱ĴС㶼Եó
ڵĴС㲻ֶĵˡ
Ⱥ˰С
ƫƫСǱɫƵģĺ󣬺ԥؽӹյֻѵԼ΢š
ųüûֻȥͬĺ󡣡˵ţõֻݻȥ
Ц:ð
üȥ˱ۣȥ׵
ǻڷӿһ˵ʧΨһȷǣ˶
ҲЦ
統յˮӡ
ˣ
أͻȻ˾סһ⳶˳ӣ俴ǰԼҵİ״С㡣
ʱȻˣ̲껹вٿֵʱʱشߡ
õԴļϣºŵıζҲſǣΪͻȻ뵽˸ġ
ԣʱ
״СúʱƱҪʱ
֪𣿡õԴ
ƿߣ롣
Ϊ֪Сһɻ£Ϲ
̻ɤĸʸУõ̲ס࿴ۣҲû˵
ֱӣЦЦ֪ġ
̲̲ÿ죬ûһԱ̲ǰ
лл
ԱһֱԼõ󷽷سգգۣôҺŮѳúÿɣ
ģѾȫԼոն˶
ԱΪգ۶ߵͨ죬ͬͬŵܿˡ
㲻κ𣿡
Ĭһ廹̲סʡΪСӦ߳ŭ̲˶
ΰõ˿̲裬ζЩ壬ʶüⱲӾûô
˭ȥ˻Դİ̶ȸڴ㱼ʲô
侲ԺͻȻͻˡֻҪԼΣεľǱ˰
Ѵ֮ôԼΣⲻͦ˼XnX
סĵıˣõ΢ЦҪ̫ЩĿ⡣
Ҳ˻ûţõźϵ̲衣
֪Լ̲ڴ̫ߣ̲ȷʵУôȶò̫úȡ
ҺŻе㷸ģоˡ
ǰڣõǻίԼˣ̲Աһƣúȡ
˵ţְֳϣȥ壺ȻϲĶ
ȵûͦ𾢵ġ
ԣ̲Ķһ١ȷʵڣŴСĪѡҡͷϲ
𣿡õ̫ţҲû϶ͣ
񶼻в͵͵ǣõԼɶ԰ĺ߰ɡ
Ƴû̲裬ԥ룬һڡ
뱭̲裬ھ͸˸ɾ
ûȰ״С㷢֣ѾһУװµظ϶Է
̲ů²̫ڰõһͱ紵ֱ
ôͻȻô䡣
õһ׿Ư滹ǲЩ
ᳵ·ס壬𣿡
ҡͷ
·ܺ񣬴źҲů
оСֱԥţ׻ǳԼ֡
ţ
õüͷ
Ȼһ룬ȴְ̧ѲϵΧɴŵĮҲ˵ֻǰΧݵǰ
ŤŤġ
õ˲䱻֪һײһͿȴҲ׿ڸԼ˵Դװף
ң
ֻĽëز˲϶˼ֽţ촽̵
㡣
ͽȫһ˼
״С·Χףڰ״СʱΧ˶ѡ
״СٳٲӣԷн񱣬򴽣ʶҪջءõĶ졣
ŴСΧƣ鼸룬̲סʣϲΧ𣿡
ָ꣬ʶ
Ҫǡ
ҪǴСϲô죿
˼⡣
󾹷ֲǴķ濼ǣԼͬ⡣
Ȳ˵ϵĲ࣬͵˵ΧĿǰǴСġ
ͻȻֱס
Ȼ̧ͷֻСΧһ˫۾Цֻʣһ죬ǣѵһΧ
ľͷ¶дˡ
ûΪһΧüؽ̫ãһķŻضȥɣ֤㡣
ֶõ
һͻȻͣ½Ų˿ΧӦˡ

Ҫ
ȰõߵſڵʱѾֶһ
Χڰ·ͻ壬˶ˣðõѴϵĿӶ⿪ˡ
ϤĺԺѾȻһ£װ޴磬ŻͦƯɾġ
ôˣ
ͣ½Ųõͷ
嶢ͣſڵϤĺüͷԺ˼ת̾Ͳµˣ
㱾ʹޡ
С㲻ԼԼؼҵŪԼ
֮ǰ֪ٴεСһһԸԼһˣû뵽
˲ȥ
surprise
䵭ţõ￩һ˲ʶԼˡ
ΪǸϲ
ǡǡ෴ְŪˡ
ⲻҾڳϪ𣿶Ҳ޵⣬ôûؼˣԾͶ
͵Сı飬ĬĬʣˣ
㿪Сߡ
С
ǵñСˣתԼЦˡ
ڶںԼ
ڣСԼ
ƴѾǸĸ棬ʱʱЦԵø̶
ȥɡ
Ųӿ죬ǶԼȼǹĪŭҲǶҪЩŵС
һӾһؾ롣
õһҪ׷壬ԺѾס
С㣬ĶҪ𣿿ϲļ䷿
õȥ˵ϲɣվڰ࣬˲ʻòǶԣԵðһߵ˼ѹ˵ص¡
״С㲻ϲֵС˵ҪԺѡ
ǲյĲͬ˾䣺õõˣ
״õɫɨķ򣬼ȥǸ䣬ͷУҿ
ʱ˳صеò٣С㣬Ҵȥû˱ҸϤˣ
õĿȴ
ǸεŮˡ
ƵĸҪȼƬϺܶ࣬Ͱ͵ģͷõȫȾڡ
ȥĸֺõسЦЦ


45 
õĵЦһ, ϵǲɫؿڣĸװɣôû, ǾͶ˵˵ԼС
һΡ
СѾþûôԼ˵ˡ
ǸֵĴС㰡ĸЦ˻ŮߴȤŻ㡣
ĸף
ƽһ䣬ϴɬʹСһ壬ȥ
ƳΧˣûע⵽Լ, æԼĸܡ
ЩѽĸЦãˤô죿
žһ¹ţί˲ĸף

õѡǼ䷿λ㲻Ϻãұ΢СһЩ
С㣬ȷ˼ü, סɾͲˡ
õ, ˰Ѷŵ䡣
С, ⼸˭ģ
˾żӹ
ġϲɿӦ˾䡣
õŷȻû, ǸùӴĵˣĪһ
ò氤˰ɣ
ϲ󣬳ûע, ǸСȥڽ䣬źܲۡΪӣСҲװһ, 濴ͦÿģ߽Щֶܷߡ
Ȼ, ȻëҲ©ľšϻ˿ͨźÿסߣŴ϶ᱻѡ
ü
ûйؽܺڣǳƵġ
ߵߵߵ
õ̧š
ûжΪûõ̧ùȥȴʱͻȻ˴򿪣һȭͷֱǰ


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á
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˵̲ס´μǵý֡
һ
ǰĴС˵ͽԱߵǼӡ
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ŷ￴Ϥ·һӾͿϣ
֪Ůʲôӣģв˷ģŴСߣԼ͵͵
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ڣѡǶԵġ
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ˡ
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˶ֲһ䣺˵סǼ䶼Ȳϡ
Ȼո˵Ļһ
ôˣϸϸ忴˼룬û濴ԼΪı飬ϲЦҪ֪С˷Ļ϶˻ˡ
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ǴСϲˣ޵ˣȥٺò
С÷Ҳû֣״Цһ
ôƯСⷿӶò١ϰĸЦ
˵ЩûԼ֮ǰǵǸʲô˵ĻҲûʲô
ƯҲȲϰ̵ŮѽС÷ֱЦһƺӣֺÿƽʱƣҿϲˡ
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һС÷Ļĸ˲ŮӶ˼ֺøС
뵽ʲôڷһԵ壬ϵı˲䵭ȥ壬ţôҲţȥѳ
״ϲ΢΢һ㶣ʶ
䣬ĸס۵ĳ嶯ðСˣȻģʱһʺһôû뵽ûߵѣʲôϵ
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ԣϼ˲ɫ졣
С÷ȷӦ̿ڣˣΪϸ֦ˡ
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ŮԼ۸ŮĻ档˶ʮ꣬Լ۵ıŮȴΪôί
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Сģչϵģû뵽
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ɫһ
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𣿡õ䲻ȵطһ䣬ĺܶƵģæƿߡ
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ˣ
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ԣõɲһ䣺ҾǹܼҵŮҲǿѽС㡣
˵꣬˼ѿɫ
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ոձ˼Ĭһ, ƣõõ⺢Ӳ£ոյ㲻Ҫϡ
˲עϡ
˼ôãС÷Ȼ֪ԷʲôҲٰοת˼ΣѽСӾƣɱˣǱû°ɣ
ѵοԼ, Ƶۿ˲ˡҡҡͷû£ĸǱҲûµġ
ֻ̲סؿ壬Լĸױƽ壬ôĸ˵أĸǰôãôܸŴСһ۸
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žһ¿, Ƶֱ, ܵԡ
⻰ʶ
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ߵÿ, ˲ޣŴСû, Ƣôˣ
СƢȷʵҼǵ֮ǰҲС÷̾ϢŲһ䡣
ӸŲǵϲ϶һ, 룬û
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Ŀ, ȫ⡣
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˱һС̫ΧŹļ䶼ģˡ
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վ˰ŵߣʤߵ̬Լҫ
ջԼ
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˯һԴӻˡߴﹾģҪ
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[ǵأ̳ʱδͨҩҪĻ߽ҽ]
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[ϵͳ߼⣬岢ȬĹ]
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۵׻һ⣬϶ܿ죬ҩ𿪣ЩԼָԺһֻǣסС֣۵ͿĨ档
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ʶһ㣬Ѹü࿪ԴϵϢ䵭˼֡
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ڣʱ䲻ˡ
䡣
õƲƲ죬ԼһԼ˯磬ھһҲûʲôŻܲˡ
аɡͷϢȻȥˡ
ߵſ̲סͷллЩˡ
˵ߡ
ߵøɴ࣬ϵͳЩš
[ķŹ]
Ź֣õһ飺ʲôзŹ˵ԵҺôһ
ؼ巿ıƲƲ죬Ҳ֪жĺӣøҴӣð˶ˡ
ߵԺ룬һ΢һ
Ųһ٣Ŀһߡ
ϸ֮£һ͵͵˵£ò̫УǰǸ䴫ġ
˵ĺè
ֻ˼룬õԥǱȥ
ŵߵſڣվšѾû죬ƸոֻĴƵġ
Լˣ
üҪ߿ͻȻŮ˵
˼󣬱
С÷ĴϢѹ𣬴ŵ͵͵ĿǻǴײ跢
ԼԼнˮ

ʶʲôõ˲ȥ
ԼǴ
С÷ķ䣿
˭ķ䣬ԹŮŮȻҹĻҸ㡣
²õӡ֤ԹŮŮ񣬶һ䡣
Ű۲Ÿ߳һ˼Ц
ôֲǵһǰԣʶ˰״СͲˣ
ôᡭ
ոաոպС
ңҲ¡³ѡš
Ϲɴܳʲô˼ǰͬһŴ㶼ҽеñ˭ڵǸװˣţ
䣬õ΢΢ۡ
ȻǵŰŵҸ㣿
뵽ǸõͶĵ£
ǻȾŭ̧žҪţ䣬Ӳͣ¶
̫ԹŮŮ
Լȥ˺⹷ŮŮԼȷʵɹð˼ĿҲܿٽС
˼ƺͰ飬صܻ÷ˮ
ʼ˺Ķֻаš
̫˼ˡ
Ժ˼תõתԼȥ
[ոȥһٻ˵Ѿ]
ϵͳûв͸żϧ
õÿɷϵͳ߿ǡڵ͸Ŷ˼ĸ鵽ж
룬ӱԼץڴԼڹŮŮߺȻ˯öˡ
ȻѾİõˣžý㣬Ȼ͸ųǿڶ
ǿڶǶԹŮŮģðŶġ
һ֮ɼ
ʱ䡣
Ϊõ鵴Ȼ޴棬õĵ˯žɴϵͳ
ǻиƬ𣿸ϰɣӱĵ˯žˡ
ĵļƬû
[õģ]
ϵͳ£˯
*
۵һ˲˲Ÿ
ѧУ
õüܿѧУǾζܿȺͬѧ
ⲻ
ùͬѧۻᣬųߵ㣬۸˵Щںˣۿ
ǰȺи˽Ҳ
أ
һȦû˹
գ߰˵Ǹȥˣ
һش
õͷϸ˼ۣȻǸβԼ쿴ǸŮˡ
ף˵ԼͬԷĺ
ȥˡ
ʱȴ裬ɫԵøû
ôѽǰǾ۸𣿡˲⡣
յǸŮһЦǣһӰ˰ⱲӶˣ
Ӵ
ˣ
õЦã
Ů˵ģҲʲôƲ磬ȻⱨӦ˰ɡ
أɱ㣡ձ仰̼Ȼֱӷ˹ȥҪȥ˺Է졣

ȺС̫ãȻڲſڴˡ
õ棬һ̧Ŀӹͣס
ֻڣһòiȴŮһ˲˲ض˴ĳľģȴ΢΢
ò
ԺѸٻͷ
ûܷԼŮ߽
ȻԵùƧֲŮ塣ʱʮӣϳˣӱ֮ǰҪÿøȣŲıƵġ

ͷԳͷסصס۵

õԵİòŮ˰Σ̲ס̾
ڵȫȫԼĿзӦеӡ
˧һ壬ϲˡ
ڵͷ棬ӰòֺֺƺǺ޸ϵ
һ·ҡ
õӰøأȴͻȻھһ˵ǰʱذһ˶Է
õ
ŲӲͣ£ͷǷۺɫżϵıȥ
飿
üһСʱҲ㰵ףŶ͸һô
Уܱϲˣģ
˵Ĳˡ
žͻȻԼèè˱Ĳʺٵɡ
Ǹ˭
õ޲ŷȥдʲôƫƫûʵ壬ֻܿèڿǰİΣɶҲûɳɡ
塪
Ͽ𣬰õһ˫ֱأһԡ
Ҫܱϲ˵׳ʲô
￪ʼѧǰǸλȴһֱš

õͷšü
С㣿
С㡭
ûȵоһϤõɫһ䣬ס䡪ûİ˭Ҫѹ
ϧ赲ǰŤ飬Żصʵ
ƫƫһ۾žա
õ
Թй
ɡ
ͷ˵һ֣ʹرۡ
ɤӡɤӡ
Ƿ˼ѵƵģһ˵͸ʹҪԴˡ
ŴϴСͨšüͷڣ
㲡ˡ
ⲻǷϻ
õԹط˸ۡ
ɤ̫ʹ˵ȻϽȥҽȴ壬طӦ
ԼŲǷ
ôԼ䣿
ûףҽѾȸõͷɤֻۣܹԹҽڲ
ÿֵ硣
СҺõΣҽ˿ǵգ伸ƿκܿա
Ҫû˷ֻ֣ΪС˯Ļµ÷չɸա
õûʲôڰҽߡ
״ҽתҪȥ⧲ؿһλƤһС㣬Ҳˣ
仰õȥ
ֻɫ죬ȷʵ͸һɲĲɫ

ͻȻ챻һԵСʣ档
ã˱ԼȾˡ
¡
õʶڣŸ˵һ䣬ֳ۵ģʹۡ
С㣬һҽָָԱߵӡ
վûû¡
õϸ֮£ȻԼǰһЩ
Թ˵ľѿڣң¡
С㣬˵ɣɤӡɳƵҽϽԱߵ˱ˮݵ״Сǰ
õһ˴뱭
ð͸öˮ
ڴϵƣһֳֻ˳ϸŵıӣ⧲ͻȻһ¡
Լϳ汾ʲôţ
ͷϸŵıӰΣԶ׼ҪҺӸ廻ϡ
ΪһԶĵĹŮŮһɶ
յʮ˶Ⱦˣ
ǹ¶ȵҽ
õƿߣΪ滹ΪǴӣ񶼸йء
ҽţС㣬ҪҪСҲΣ
ԣõһ䣺ҽҽĲյʮ˶ȾˣҪҪΣ
ҽһ㶣Ӧ˲䱻仰˵
ǰһҽ֪£һӦʲôҩҵ˼
һϸҽ
ҽȥõƳԼĴ󴲣סǣˣŰɡ
˵ţԼĴ
˲ٴУĿ⾯з䡣
ǸӻûҵĲŲķ䣿
СһЩּ˵Ļ棬˲ϲˣش̹ȥ
䣬̧С㣬ϻһ˼ʱСһζԼô塣
һԵҽ˴С²á
Ҳǣһ˴ϡ
ϴ˻˵ģ״ϽʹɫְѴСŭ
Ͻ
˻İõü֡
ûټ֣ľŲŲóλá
ӣͱԷϵⶳôȥץ֣ȻһƬ䡣
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õüԼһǷգԼ̣ȴ䡣
ǹѪ㣬˾ͺˡŵƿҽӦ˾䡣
ԣõץţãȵҪﻥô
˵꣬ͷȥķӦ
Ҳʶ״С㣬ĿԷƳۣͷ΢ûֻܾͷ㡣
ܾԼѵüֿõ㣬һ㡣
վһӾͱúͻԱߵҽ˿


47 
ûܹסС, Ҫܲס
Ūõ, ҽˡ
һӰԴԴԼɢ˿˿⣬ģģ
ıôǱģ
ڶΰȨϡ
ʹͷ˼ȶȵḶ́С㣬棺
Ұˡ
õ㶣յøûȥΪʲôҪ, ҡͷˡ
ػס
õɴģʱ͸˵ϰĵ
ɲңֻһǮסޡ
һ㣬ǻǮסġ˿;ϵۣǻǮɲΪ, ֪𣿡
Ŀһ, ϲԾ
һ˲, С, ΣɿѪˡ
ʶͷȻ, Ѿ˲ѪһƬ
Ȼأ
ȴ˲۾ǰĴС㡣
Ȼ󣿡õЦһ, ǮûõӦеĴȻ, ѵûʾ㿴𣿡
伸Ҫ֮ǰжᣬǻͶ౰΢ֻƵ
ɫ
ڻֵϵͳ˲䷢棺
[ǸлɣǼٷɵĺڻ]
õ˳ǣװûضɫƬֵ̣Ȼиݵķ
̧ʲô
Ҹ״õųЦ⣬ﻭȦ壬˵ǺߣһģҪҡ

򴽣ǻһЩ
ԼǰС
һһĴС㡣
˵ϰ嵡㣬Ҹ½ҡ
˵ţõڱӵµĽĽţһһµĹֻƻĵ
䰲
㹻ģִ˲ƣȥӵ˫Ľš
С㡣
ףõ̧ѹסĴһۣ˵˽֡
뵽ʲô۾õõõԼѡһ
пѡ
ŴСЦ۾۵׵֪ɢ˴룬ѡ
õ

õԼɤӣԼ̲סͷۡϽȥϵˮݺݺһڡ
ǧΪⳡðñͲɤѩϼ˪

ˮֱ
ŻعһŸոմС˵Ļϰ嵡ûڷ俴ӡ
õͷ
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Ǵ¡
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С㳶ɤǺںһ͵˼Ƥ˲һЩİȴϤ
ȻɳƣȷʵǴСں
С㣬Сں㡣ϲѡ
֪С϶鲻ãʱ˼󣬶û¡
˼¿ӡ
˲֣ǰäд
õõˣ鲻ãźںңҹȥԡ
д꣬
ֻǣûֹ
ţȥչõõҲģ㲻õңСơ
˼ϵı齩Ӳ
ϲɣŻ⣺С㣬СˣΪˣӦùȥչ𣿡
ֿϲԼݡ
ȣڿɲʱڵѧУԼɻڴѾ̤ϲ׼ǸͰһĿϲɣֻǸ˲ܵ˶ѣ
ˣ
ϲ΢΢һЦСô뷨СԺãôܻˣֻѣаæչ˰Ŷѡ
ҪǱˣ»᲻ˡ
˼󣺡
С㣬ôȥҽҴҸϹ˲ȥעⷹΣֻȵСǶ㣬Щȥɣ
ٺȥɤӶҪˣ
һ˼Ǳȥ
ŸսСţһӱ㳯˼˸š
ҲڼҪһЩ͵ࡣ
žһֵڵϣˤƬ
˼Ƥűʪ·ŭʣС㣬ôˣ
㻹˼˵ôˣ
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ǰ״С㻹ӣȷʵ˿ζԼĲϲ
˼ͷһ
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ЩƫƫҪۣûܹ̫࡭
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ǡ
õĵЦһ
ѾϰרΪ׼ʺ͡˼˷۾ĵˣ𼱡
˵ţʹСͬһŴϵ塣
СǺõõһ𣿡ű任ƺ
õõõۣѸҹ³˭ôĵؽң
˶䡣
˼ȵĿɾ仰ӣˣ˵ˣҪ˼ģڵ㲻ǴС㣬ֻǸСһ˽ϼҵĹܼŮ
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ȴû뵽Сѹ磬ɫڽ£
˵ţִץ˸ڼӡ
˼ÿ죬ֻǶȻûˤϣȴǱ

ĵ׶С˲ҪǰżҪԼָպҪϵͷﷸ
ȫΪ㣬Ҫĸףú÷㣡
С㡣⻰˼ŸϽѹͷǰȷʵҵĲԣ
Ĺ˾ͰϺڹۣ
룬˵ɣ㲡ˣҾʹȥ棬ҪʲôҶ㣬͵ˡ
һ԰ŵ̲ס״С㡣
Сһģɹ̵ָԼȦȦģʮֲ֡
ܴȦĶио顣
ҲԼװ
ʧŶԷ˼
ҪԺھҪõ΢תͻȻ⣬Ǽ̲̲裬ȥҺȡ
á
ֻǸǳͨҪ˼ٶ˿
˼󣺡ļң
õصֱ׳ô֪ļң
˵״룬෴Ǹ˼֮ǰҾҪȥģҿɲҪ
ˣŹǣϴŲεЦ
һתͷ嶢Լ棬һüʲô
ͻȻӦ
ԷЩʶ
֪ʰĿʵȴòѧԼɣ
ɰ
ǲ֪ԺڴǲҲôѧ
ǹҪǶԷͷͻȻӿͷ
ûʲôִƿĿ⣬ȻһͱС°ת˻ȥ
ʲôõЦЦؿԷϵĺѾȥɫɺܺ졣
ɫʿˮɫҪʰ޵𣿡
ԥͷ롣
ɴһ֣õɿ°ֱֱͣҡ
ңҾʰõỺƻʰΪֹ
ͻȻ
õɢؿǽֻӶĵˣԼ
һӣ˶
ۣëϲţȴܼᶨ
ۿ챥ĴҪԼϣõת΢΢ͷ
ű˴˵¶ȡ
ͬڵһǴʵʵһ
õŽߵգףȴֻһͷôôȴ̳
ҪȴͻȻ
ǰ˲롣

ͨͨĴͽˣ
ϵİõ˳Ŀ⿴ȥſվŵɫѿԺ˲ˡ
Ƿʰġ
ϸŹʰô
ɲ֪ԼὫʲôûӸոǸл
Ƹ˵Сӹ˴С㣬Ƶĳ谮š
ϾСʲô
ȻƯʵľګôȵԼƣ
ɸոǸ桭
ֻҪһ̲סˮ
治֪ܡ
հ
ѾƵĲǴСˣϺڵϹĻ֪Ҫôأ
ĸƵſڲǴñСԳ𣿡俴ԽԽƣõۣس
أ
عϽԼõȥ
С㣬һģһġϣԻǣ
ûˮõ̧̧°ͣ˹
ȴû´ֻҽƶƿһ鲢ڴرߡ
Ź̵࣬ϵıЩŤ
С㣬̣ҪҰƹ
ôźһίˣõ
æϣܰⲻҵ֮أ
˵ţӰݵ״СǰҾţȣС̡
±˿ĹƵġ
۵׻һ
زʱ򶼲ôġ
ַھȫ˵ƭӣʵϣСȥǰ˺ܶౣգȥЩǮȫС
ЩǮԼʳǴ뱲ӣСزסǮ˺ƭȥί޸䡣
ȴû뵽뻢ڣЩǮӻ
ҪԼСŻһӱڹ
Ҳˡ
ͻȻڡ
տʼûӦ⧲ôһ䣬Ż˲ɹȥȥԣôˣѵҪĸι𣿡
žડ
ׁG﷢졣
һ飬ӦԼ̫ˣϵ»ĿأڵɲǵǸСˡ
ڵǸĺӣɻṴ 
졣ڴС㷢ǰڣ͵ⲻǰŴСǶһˣô⣬ԼȥԾˡ
ǰ巹ԣСӶԼȥ͵ʣʣˣѳԵĶ˹ˣѾͷڽʲô
Ǹ䱻ӺܱұˡһκЩţ߽˵øɰͰ͵ģǾûȥ˹
䣺
ڸ˭˵
ϰ˰庣ʽƵİõװһ˼ŭ
䣺
ֻú޺תһһؽݵǰ
Ḷ̵ֶ́ˡ
СҲͰˣȻҲƵسԣһǽģǲš
ֱ
ò׼ҨһȴûԷԽһȫϣ
̵ظڱϡ
ϣ
ûס϶ŵĶ̵Ѹ֣žһ붼ˤ˵ϣǽ壡
״õҪڣһ⴫
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ˡ
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ţõɫ䣬õˣҽٸֱ˸ҽ
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˵ţ֡
͸ظظǾ䡪Ҫҡ
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õͷȥҺʱҽԼҲ꣬ʱ˵ֱҽ¿
΢΢ȥ
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̤ŵ˲䣬ʲôͷͻȻ˵һ䡣
˵ϲˣǶȥ˸ݡ
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ơ
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˵ţɫȥסһ죬Һ嶼ˣ˵˭ϣ
˵úһ˯巿Ĵ
߽䣬ǰС㣡ÿıӶǺӣǱģ
˵Ǵӣſ˼룬ͻȻӡ˲µѱӸŻˣҿûϵ
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⣬ֱӰסˡ˵ԼϲľǱ
Ȼܡ
ʮڱһֱܺãǰҵ˻ܶ࣬ƽʱ޵ˣ˵ġТ˳¼չ⡣
ҪǴȥˣԼ⻹ôȥַھֵôԼôƣ
⺢ӣǣϽ˸ڣ첻ҾͰ˼ҵıóǱ⺢ӿˣΪûкأ
һԵҲЩļۿǱɵίС㣬ʲô˼ǾǼһŰ𣿣
ʲô˼
õЦһҾʼѣϰ壬ƣʲô
ԺﹴճֿԵ㶣ֻʼ䣿
ϲԱдд÷ɿ죬Ըðű˵ÿһֶдſ
İüͷ˲һ壺
ѱͻСŵʱ򣬾ûע⵽϶һӣ
˵棬һ䣺˵ѹûѱӻȥǸûѱӻȥ
˶û뵽ŻͻȻͱˡ
õЩ⣬˵ľȻ˵ˡ
˳ŰŵĻĽӵ԰ý˵öԣϰ壬㲻һ°
˶ţŵֱðſڣ¶࣬æûע⵽ôࡣ
ʱˣѼӲ
ĵЦһҪڣȴͻȻס
ϤС֣õͷȥ֪˭ġ
ͻȻסҴĿĳ嶯ֻ俴š
á״СЦӯӯҲǣôĸôŰ˵Ļأ԰ɣ
С÷״ЦӦһ䣺϶ᣬ֮ǰѹ޵ۣǺҴҶ˵̷ǳТ˳ܰǰ޼ҵϤչ˶ʮ꣬һ˿̶ֳȡ
˵ţƣƣķ˿ö࣬ǰʱע㣬Իعһ𣿡
ð
С÷ΨһһԼ˵ˣ˲øУ˵žóֻ˿ʼע
һ־ѾĻ
õͷȥ׵ĺ⡣
ϷŸտ
Сûץ²ţϽСΪɣæˡ
ֱûʲôˣϲҪʰҪҪߣŲ
˼
˼ҪɫÿһűٵС㣬̲ڶûš
ʱ̫ˡ
С̲궼ҪŵԺŻῪţܱС򣬶ûһҿŵ̲ꡣ
˵ţǰƿϲɣԼվڰߣϵĶŵϣȻд
Ұõõ̲ˣܱСû̲裬ϲȵĶ
ţлл
д䵭˿ûж԰õΪԼ鷢˼һ⣬ϲɡ
ܸоعԺ󣬱ͶԼ䲻ȵİŶԼ䵭ˡ
ôΪع˾ܰԼ
һ˲Сɢ𣺡̲ûԵѽС㣬ѵҪҽ㣿
ԼӶ𣿣
˼ŭգתͷСҪչ˰ţСҪһ̲裬ȥֺαҪȥ
Ȼ죬ƭ˵Ĺ
õЦһոտڿ˵ҪԸ̲һת۾˵úұȥһߵǷǡ
㣡
ʲôʱ˵ĻˣСԼ˵ģ˼㱻ļ˭ߵǷǣ
ڰõվŵ壬òλСſھ
ûмСܰѺڵ˵ɰ׵ģƫƫֱ׳һȸ״ˡ
ò˵űΪСĻţ̹
˼󵽵׻ǳ߳ޡ
õ˿⣬Űų˰ڰ֣Ǳȫڷ
Ҹý˵ЩĻǸøȥ
Ҷһģ׷ȥ
һӹҲߣõϽסȥ񣺡ѽֲˡ
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СԼҲŲ
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ԣõ߹ȥһڰߣ˹ä
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ţ
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šŵͷȻŮѣǴŵùģ㿿αϣϴľûʲôϲϲֻǴɶѣʱǡڡ
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õ˿
ҪǰŶ˼󰮵ȥģ¿ɾѰ졣
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Ǿ䣬¶Ըӵ㻹Сܶ鲻鲻ǶϷͽᣬġ
鲻ǶϷ˴δѽ鵱أ
õѹŶ˼񣬼д
ϵŮ˶ȥý㲻һòϵ
ҲˡŷõõҲǻΪȥˡ
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鰮һζ϶ѣ˵ζϲܳԣҲܼԣ˲Ϊûζ϶
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õ
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Ҳˡ
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Ըһ𣿡ƽʡ
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á
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Ķˣ͵ʱ䵱Ȼܿĵˡ
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Ļֻת˲䣬ܿ侲ɫعȥ
͡
к塣
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ԵĴСôػأ
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Ĵв࣬õ죬°ѴжŪԼű̧ͷ壬ȻһЦ
Ȼ䣬ﶼʧɫ
ǻǿи࿪ʼš
ǿо

ôˣ
һֱԼİõ￩һ¡
ԼУò˰ɣǣô
ǽ
ᶼģ
ûСǰСϲӿָǧ򻯵ģҡͷͣټ룬ץſӵָ΢΢һͷЩӲ˵˾䣬лл
õ
˵лл
žϣõԼôŬڻ˻ر
ŬסļȴǿƲסɤӣ˻Ƶ⣺
ʲôģ
״Сɢ۾ȴҪǲϲԴУԺֻҪǳĴУȫɾ
⻰ٴһ㶡
Ĭ룬üͲܲ𣿡

õģˡ
õֹű棬Ĳ壬ĬĬְѻ˻ȥ
ǧֻĸ֣ľͷ
Լں
յױƻõĬĬͷ˼ԺʵڳԲ£ƿ
½ر߬ס
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𣿡
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˵꣬򴽣ؿĴСΪԼǾ仰ͻȻ͵ȥ
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Ѹٷϣݵʧ̲סȥ롪ģѧ˭
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̲סǸëԼϵǡ
ûü룬ź
ûϵһһ̽ѰŵõĹ̡
ʮгɾ͸С


48 
˶, õ¡ǵôࡣ
ֻиµΪʹʱϢġ
ͬҪƽʱ, Ϳκα仯ԼͷʹҲһֱûˡ
ֻܵɴϡ
ججһƬ𺣣ȵҪȴֱεضԭء
ǰԼѡԺһۣͷԼڴصñӹš
õ
ɿ
ĺ, øҪԼӻнų
ۿűҪɢüץűӵɿȥסСļ
ҽ˵, ó

ɰõȴ, ֻԼٲӱ͵ͷˡ
壡ɹȥ, Щ׶״, ҪСñӳ𣿣
ֻ֪ͨ죬ͷɢ, ǰͷֱˮʪɱΪ۲ٶ޾Ľ֮⡣
Ǳ۸˵ģ
Ĩͷ, ΢΢סĿȴδŲ, ѹѹĪͷ󣬼СĺʶЩ
ͺˡ
ûôˡ
һðԼǾЩѣСȴһزģƽʱŹ۾޹⡣
˺ܲϰߡ
Ȱ
ӲĲУõӣԥѡף֣ץ־ԼϷš
㿴Ҫˡ
ϣʶ֮֮ȴ
ʹǲûҲ߻Լȡ棬ǿͰ͵ؿڣ
ֺҪôѱŪߣҪô

ĬסС۰Ͱ͵ض˿ʱʵںͱơ
ʪ
ÿεʱ̲סЭ񡭡
ִƿĿ⣬üͷݺ𣬳ȥҽܸܲ㻻һıӡ
ġ

һ룬СȴѾƿӺرס
ײ¯Ƶ˽šǸźףܸܵԷϵȶȡ
С㡣
Ӳס
аõ
յԺİõѣⷽ棬Եø֡
ܡģŶԷϵ⣬ֱۣˣϺһ˯
Ȼ
ϽӲøˡģ
ִ̧˴Լĸ첲üͷšͼɾ
ûл⡣
һͷ⧲ظԴİ״Сϡ
״СŹ֣ڸʲô
Ī飬ִȥûѱƿ˴룬ȥǱӣ㡭
û˵꣬״СͻȻסûӦһǿקµ
ˤڴСϣµһƺߡ
ϸϸһȴĪ˾ġ
ɫһ䣬ŴҪһ룬õԴȴֱֱ꣬Աһ˲˵޺ƣӼڴϡ
С̵Ļ򣬻ɢڸмǿ
óѺ̾һ

ͼ˶˲任Ľ
Ĭ룬վѡЭһڣҪѼװɣ
СŲ鲻Ը֡
ûɿͷԷֻȾ͸ƵļסƵġ

ô
岻⣬С㲡Ҳʲôףʵʵȥ
ĴȫǴСǹɹζʮŨңҪζ
С¯צƵĲסϵͨͨɢůŵֻ˯
ڴ챾û˯ãıƤ˲һ飬ôҲˡ
һȥŬ˺þãǳ׺۾
䳹װ
ڰõڳϵͳͳͲĻֵɵþ̾
˵޶˺ҪڿҶҲҪ
ĸֵܻٶܱ죿
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Ͳһָտɴ
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صԴ
ȻûԼ
ڻˬõֵͻȻⳡúֵ
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ʶʿˮеɻ¡
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֣ں촽ϡ
ǹ̵ָĴԵ΢ŴŴģ͸Щ⣬е
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ǰӲɱظϡ
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Ҫ˵ͼǰ۵һ˲Ǻ죬ɵ۾Ҳ˲
ҡ
ʶҪƱ磬һ룬ͼȻһˡ
顪
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Ͳû˱ӣġ䣬ĻǿЦáԼǺˮ޲ɣ
Ŵӵ壬:ֲ㡣
ǰûѱӶ˶¸Ժ󣬾ͿʼԹԵش
Ӧûɣ
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·棬һҪŵļƣõϸ˼ۣûӵĽѾӴ˴
ȥѽ
ԣͷƳ۴С۽СĽţɫ΢Ųߣ侲ûôԷ

Ⱳûи˭ôܹ
һ뵽ԼȻСһ˯ôʱ䣬ͲִٵԴС㡣
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ԼҲϽ·Ҳȥ
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СҲӦûйϵ
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һֱԼϣõɵҲĥԷ˼ˡ
Цһֲ䡣
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У
е
ҪһΪһͻȻķΧͻȻ˶
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ȫոµӣָĶУ˫ġ
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õ˻յĽѾӣ޹ֱ׳ô

Ĭס
СԼ⴩ԼϹʲôûӺԼйϵ
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Ҫû˸ţ˼ָڸС÷ʲô¡
Сˣ
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˵ţֿ壬ǻ񣬻壬㿴㣬ݳʲôˣԵ㡣
岢
˵һžͱӵĲ
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ˡ
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СҪź£ʢ÷ݸõ
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ԣϵĶ΢٣һʱ֮֡
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һٷԵð
С㡣
˰ʱ̧õЩ˳Բ꣬ҿһЩ𣿡
õһʲô
ûԹЩˡ
䲻ô÷ųԣȻ񻹲ݵ
šõ˼ڻĵߡȻԼڼƬ￴Էˣ֪ǰ
ô⣬ԼͲӦȥŶİ
ֱ˵һԣһûء
ģ˺ϰ׵ġ岻Լһ䡣
ʵ仰ǶŶȲߡ
á
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״õȻЩʧû̫֣ðɡ
ͻȻԼǸ㳯գգۣˣʰϰ»ûأģҺ϶ʰ
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ĴСһЩָ𣺡಻ˡ
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͵ԵĹȥɡԺٻԡ
С㶼˵ˣȻܾȥ롣
򣬰õϵͳĻֵǱ˰ɣ
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[ǵأǳֵܻΪ141Ƭ+1⵽ڲ鿴Ϊ¼]
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̫ûˡ
Ϊ΢ίߡ
鲻ã˼Ȼ˵İŽԺȥ
ô£

ֻ˼ߣɫҲЩѿŵһ¡
Ϲ𣿡õЦһô˵ģýţʱ㵹Ǻö˶˵ģýȵȳˡ
С㡣һŵС÷ʣæͣ˿Թ˼󣬵ʱСչ
ԣõʶü
ע⵽ϲģϵıҲǳáС÷仰Ժϲǰһ
С㣬ҡ
õɢ̧֣Ưָߣ
ꡪ
ϲס
ĿϴСģһҵľİ
ϲɣýȥҽõϣ˵Ժ󲻸˼󿪿ڵĻᣬֵС㣬鷳úø˵˵ôһ¡
ԣ˼ɫ䣺á
һ·ѽ͵Ļ顣
ȥ÷԰Ǵȥ÷ǡ
õüҿллˣ˫Ŀʧýȥ÷С


49 
˼Ǻһҭ
⡣
һֱŸôϲɴӰŪ, ǰЩϸںˡ
ȥ÷԰һʿҲǲġ˼ܿͣСûʲôӦ, ˵ΪСʧˣҾСͰԭصңȥС㡣
õüŶԼ˫ĿʧŶһߣȥұŮˣ㻹ίԼ
˼ٴĬס
Լ˵һС͸һ䣬ʵԼ˵ٶ඼ûɣ
ǳ˵ֱ˵ȻʱѾ, ϸȥϲɡ
̬ȷܣõЦһý㽻ϲɣԼȥŮˣýˣһ֪, ҪԼȥϲʣý㵽ϲɵŻŰ

Сʵ̫
˼ϻһŭ, Ĭ˺һ֯ԣȷҵ, ֻǳеҪ, Ҫλϲϡ
أõĿⶨϣ˵ôҪʲôýΨһϲɵǰɣ
õõҲ˼˼۾, ҵӣЩҶΪáϲһˣǵ԰žĲ
Ϊ˰źã
Ϊ˰źܸѵһŴϣ
㻹˼ϲɣ, ҲᣬһСľͻᱻ˴ȥ̳мҲ㼸, ˲˵ûǰɣ
ϲɵ֮ǰ׷ץ˵ġ
׷ϲɺͰţϲʲôо
֪ϲɺͰǾȻǾʶϲʱͿʼʱʱڰҼľӣǰе÷
ϲûᣬûڰǰ̹ݣСôͨͨĳƺ
ϲȷʵоģĲһǻġ
˼󡭡
˼ݵ˻ûϢ˼ϲǵģϲ֮ǰͰŹϵС
øõ
˼û鷳ʱ͸ĻжԶЩŹɰȻ֮ҵ鷳˵֮ǰǵõԼ
⻰˵úı˼ĵˣίߡ
սپ
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ʧʧϣҲ֪ԼǸ˵ӡ
á
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ԴЩţֱֱؿԼߵϲɣõۡ
ϲɹϵ
ô⣿
壬ûԼɻҴš
ҵ塣ϲȿڣͷԲûչ˺ðС㡣
ϲ֪С϶ᷣԼпܽϳ׼ҡ
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ʲʲô
ϲס
һֱû˵嶼ɵ̧˰õ
Դˣõûôģûظո˵ģֻýӦǾ͵ÿıˡ
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õȳȥûþ˽Ųֱӻصķ䣬Ժڰ£Ƴſڡ
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ԷŹ۾ûҺʹСӣ΢΢ƣ°ʹӲͣ˵ҿаʱ䡣
԰õͷҲû뵽һ綼ӰҸ㷢ϢҲء
һĴЩ
һԼһ粻֪˶ʯ󺣵Ϣơ
Ϣ
ʶȥֻĻһƬ
ûˡ
óۡ

˭ֻ浽û绹֪õֻֻҪڰٷ֮ʮͺ޲ҳ
֪岻ǹⲻԼõһ㡣
̾ϢţҽˣǶȥ棬Ҳҡ
û˵꣬Ϳڴûжȥ档
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С㵥һռĸо֣ʶӱܡŴСıԹоָˡ
İһ
ҲܣˡϹõѹǣúҡ
䣬˽ס


Ŀ⼸ǲܿƵض˴С㱥Ĵϣ֮ǰԲ԰׵ĴĨ˿ں죬ɫĵñƤĴСӽۡ
ϲ˵˵Ͷá
֪СɫҪС϶Ҫⷽ¹ϴ˴С㣬ԴС
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㲻Ը⣿
ȫõúЦ˶ѣôҪƵģ
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κģҲԾ߬һѹסķӿĪŴС㴩ŵ˫ëϣʣ
㡭𣿡
졣
ôôɰ
ʱڹ
ֹֿɰôɰľͷôܻԭǸķɣ
ǰϵͳԼŹĻǿҵĸѸС
̲ססĿԣñȥıӣȾЦţұ÷ġ
ʳ֪ζ̲סֺסĴҧ΢΢˱ϸϸĥ
˼ҪҪʵһǣͻȻһˡ
Ķ̫ͻȻڰõûӦѾ΢ס
ţ
գգۣͷͻȻվ塣
Ȼ㲻ˣǡҾˡ
˵꣬Ѹȥ
ͬͬŵʧڰõߡ
õؿ뿪ķΣδջߡ
ǵĸоĺ
ʳ֪ζζ
[ϲĿĽӴ˽һͻƣ+30ܻΪ130ͬʱƬ+1Ϊ¼ڱ]
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ѾƬˡ
Ƕ˷ܵƽͳȥǷۺɫż
Ƿż
õ۾
ƬܽϴǶμ𣿡֪Ǹ˭
[Ƭʽ֣ϵͳƣ£ǰʱ]
ʱ磿
һ壬ڶ߰꣬ȴֱӵʮꡣ
ʱȺܴ˭֪´εƬʲôʱ
üģҪǲ֪Է˭ñԼ
ʱűá
̧ɫѿ˼վſ

浹θڡ
ƲƲ죬ƿߡ
С㡣˼ѹŭ𣬵ϲɺͰסһʲô˼
ʲô˼õģ㲻˵ý˵ҷʮСʱýߣڵϴ̾С
Ƕĳͷ𣿣˼ûܿסǳ塣
ǲȻأõü
԰žĲŴһֿ뻢ڣ
˼õһôͱ㳶ǵȥˣӶ¡
˵ţ޼ɵط˸ۡ
˼˱ۣסǰ˵ĳ嶯ǵһֳ嶯ƫƫԷѹǶٲֻҧʡ
ⲻϹءȭͷգʧǣۿҲҪʲôҶԴӦֻҪһ𡣡
˵󣬾ȻЩζ
õۣʣ˼аý𣿡
ԵŰŵŮ˷Ƹְ꣬ڳһģʲôأ
ⲻǶ
˼ȴúԥȻ
ͰǶҽӽǱģҶ԰ģҾϲˣôҲûǹ
õЦ
ϲ治ֵǮ
˼󣺡
ľ׸ı䣬Ҫǲģȫһڷ̣Ҳ㡣
˵꣬ڰ:˺Էʱңҿ治뿴̫θڡ
˼ȴߣΣ¶:Сı⣬ϲɵ룬ҿ԰С÷㡣
ţ
õü:С÷ң
۵׵ĺΪС÷氮أû뵽Ҳˣ
㲻һֱ𣿡˼԰ѻ˵Ұ㣬С㣬ŹҺͰŰɣˡ
ѽǵõת˭˵ҪҪͬ⣬Żߣζͳˣû˵𣿡
˼˲ɫõһ:
˼ˣõһ
չģؿԼãֻһƬ
úÿͼøƵģ΢Լע˺ŷ
ע˺ûʲô˿㻨Ǯƹ㣬ҳܿߣ˿Ҳڱࡣ
ۣ֪ʲôǹ
*
һҪСҵѾ˹ȵס
˼ץС÷ȥһܣÿϲɸ޼ӣɫȻÿȥ
ûʲô䲻ߡ
ϲΪð˵ҲûԼڷ
촽΢ף˳ĵıˣĲɣԷڼͷ̧
ϯ䣬ҲֻûûεİõͲ֪ԵƳԷԵڡ
һϯÿ죬ֻʣõơ
õƳ廹ʣķ̲סһ
ô㣬Ͳ°ҹѣ
ǽ䣬ȥЩԵĻ
ڣ
Щԥѩ·ֻûš
ҴСҪֳԵĻǸûеģȥв򵽡
ǲȻõüϰ壬ղûҳŶûθ𣿡
˵ţ̧°ָָЩûεĲˡ
С㣬ȥɡ״ҧҧ˵Ҳдܣûоˡ
õע⵽ƻԱߡ
ϴ˵ǸŮˣ΢˹ߣº˵
̫Ը˲Ӧúúãȥ򣬴Сʲô˵
´С㷴ƵģǮߣ֮ǰԼŮʹʹɫ
Щ꣬Ȼǰ޻٣֪Цԩͷ˸ࡣ
СŮˣŮļ޸˴С㣬ǵöĽң
һ뵽ʱоԼһȥֵ
һ̬Ŵްˣ˲ֻʣˡ
Щŵ͵͵С㡣
ʱ䣬ˣСҲű˺ܶ࣬ǰ׷ԼĿҲûˣ֪ڣĿ϶Ǹġ
Ƕ˵ϲ壬ŴСҲ岻һˡ
ơע⵽ƵĴõЦеؿǰȻȥ˵·Ϸ⣿
һ£üͷ壺
ǲСĺͱĳӷײԷЩˣҲûˣҾͰæȥҽԺ
˵ţ̲סƳ۴С㣺
к΢˵ġ
ΪϵǸŮ˵ˣҽԺû뿪ԼҲģԾһֱȵԷļ˹
ǻѾˣ׼ҵĴſ϶ҲˣԷ֪ѴԺ󣬾͸һ䷿
Ǹ˵˽ʲô
ԣЩؿ״С㣺ô𣿡


50 
뵽һֿ, ɴۣҪ⳥𣿿ǲײѽǸ⳵
ͣ
õЩϻ, ҾԼôҲЩΣԾԷһЩ⳥
ϵͳ˵߾飬ϵͳصģõǸӦһŮ
ҲŷӦԼϵͳһֱûиԼһλŮϢǿرܡ
ƵͣҪס׼ңƱص÷һλŮԭľ, ׼ҵưܺһλŮźܴĸϵ
ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᡣ
ҪһλŮùϵ
Ǹ˵áҡҡͷһ䣬ǼӦüҾȱǮġ
ȱѵҾȱ𣿡õü, ˵ÿְ
, ǿƣƬƸҡ
һ, ̲סȥư״С㡣ô֪ԼǸ˵΢Ű
ǰƬ˹ȥ
õصóֻȥǸŮˡû뵽, ԼбȻˡ
ע
ԭӵĶԷûκ¼
˼ϵͳ, һŮ𣿡
ϵͳѡװ
õ־˼룺оİǺеϤ
統һμʱĵǹϧС
ԭļ𣿡
[ʶ˲, еһж㣬֮, һ룬ԭǴڸʽ״̬]
õЦѲŮ⻷
˼룬ʱûϢȥû壬ԹԵ·׼ϴ衣
·ͻȻʶһ⣺Լ·أ
Լ˴ˣȻڷѵ·ɨһȦ䣬ʲôûСòԡһɣǻó
õüγûд̫໻ϴ߾òԼϲǼƷ߶ûС
ţԡȥ
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òǱ˰ɣ
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˼ٶƺҲûʲôôֻܵˡ
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õĿⶨϡ
š
е졣
ŵҵ·ü
š
С㴩˯ë޵ֶ˯ȹžͺֿɰ·С񶼱ÿɰ˯¹ţԵø⽿Сûʲôԡ
̲סֶ࿴ۡ
ϧܲɣ͵Ϊõץ˸š
Ѹٶ㿪һСЦ۾ϣͲɱؼ˺Ļ档
ʲô
ԷõЦ߹ȥϴ裬˶ɢǰվŶԷԼ컻µ·϶ʱЦ
˳Լ˯£ſЬǰתһȦչʾ󷽷
ת֮󻹺ЦҺÿ𣿡
ץ·һʶƿĿ⣬ת˻⣺Щ·ǰۺ÷Ż𣿡
𣬰õֳ߽˳е¼ҵ·ôѽ
ΪõĶʶͷֻϸ۵ĳָźɫ¼͸ָһëˢһƬ⡣
Ѹƿߣ°ͽš
СܲԼϴ·
ϴԼҲϴϰ״С·ҲϴԼϴˣú״С·¡
ûϵڻ档
СЦ⣬ôô壿·ϴá
ĿһƬҪû
ԼֻǸϴ·ѡ
оϵ⣬ִٵƿߣӲ̧ȥ
Ҹۺ÷䡣
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ǿ鰮ߵľͷ
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ʱؼ֮ǰΡ塱ڴϹԼ¡֪һֱܺѧѧƣһ˵Ҳơ
ôˡ
Լ̬˭ѧģ
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С㡣
ǰͻȻڣź侲
õӦô
ϣҿȥϲ˯𣿡
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ɫűԼ壬ۣո˵ʲô
ҿȥϲ˯𣿡ûְܷ״Сı仯ŵ
֮ǰСֻͨͨ˯ǸǹЩȥ룬һĻᷢʲô
˵Ҫϲ˯
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ɫɲ̫á
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򴽣ֻա
ΪЩõüδɢܰԡңȫϴĶ
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ΪʲôԼôϲɹϵȴôã

žડ
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庬Ӧһ
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СҪߣԸϵΪСԼ´Ըոԡԥ˴죬ϴͷ
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ңǰôܻҪԼԼʱЩߵ׷Ÿɵ¡
ҪƿڣЩ˾Ѿڸˡ
ðɡõʧ״˶ֲһ䣬ҿĸ׵ĵһ۾ͲϲôΪƵĸף벻ס
䣬
С㣡
һ
Ȼܱˣ˵ܲٲܲٵ
˲һɫõЦļ:ȥ˵㶫ķŻض
˵ţš
⣬һĳԵģӱͨ죬ҲùӣЦ:
С㣬ҰѶˡ
˵껹ݺ顣
Щ󣬰õʶһȴû뵽岻֪ʲôʱվһֱײԷ
еûվȣѸٷסȴҲ˶ܡ

æһˣΪ˳ԴСС˵Ĺġ
ϵЦݶŤٳδջص֣﷢ݡԼŮδӣ嵽ڸʲô
廹أ
һĨЦһΪõǵ̬ѩôϿ϶ôСĴＷˣС㣬Ѿʰһ䷿ҪȥǼ䷿Ϣ
˶ֲһ䣺ȥ˯Ҳһģģ׼㹻ıӣ֤ţ
˵춼ˣ״Сȴ޶ԣֻ˵֣ˡ
˵֣۵ĳϣҲ˵ֻ̧̧°ͣ˼Զ
Ҫˡ
ֻúݺݵһۣ鲻ԸذѶݹȥ
ڰõҪӵʱһֻֿһӽ˹ȥ
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˲Ǯ䡣
ЩԵĴ´࣬ܶһЩȷѡ
˵Ȼ˾䣺ߵʱǵùŰҪ˸ɵ£һˣɱ𿴼ÿģģʱûš
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ǲ֪ܣ
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״С֣΢ʲô𣿡
ȻõĿᶨЦҲдԼСԸ͵ʥ˺д
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ϷܹҪظвź档
дúܿ죬ûһͰۺõֽϣͰõĸһ顣
ʲôϷʡ
õһץǰ˸ֽߣȭ
ȭ
ĬĬû뵽СҪϷȻô򵥡
ΪʲôҪȥϣ
ֲԽ߬˵״С˵ǾϲڴЩСߡ
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һȳǺһӣζܲ
ûܾõѹѹЦ֣ȭϷʽʼ
õʵҲֻ֣֪Щ˺Ⱦƻȭ˵һһģȫ˸ɾֻͨСѧ
ʯͷ
쿪ʤ
õǲʯͷЦסȭͷ̧գۣˡ


51 
ǰɫ, ֺܿջأ͵Ӧš
һ㶼ţ
õü, дĳͷӦѶȲߣŻô
һؽϵİ˸ֽȫģ˫£˻Σĵݵǰչѡһɡ
ǵÿֻȻðסκ֫ӴĻᡣ
ţ΢΢ǰ㣬ĽѾװԷ
ñ
õü𣿡
, ֵĶһ٣ǰĴС㣬ҡͷҡúܿ죺ûС
˵䣬Ѿһֽš
㿴
״õϽȰֽҪ˹, Щڴشֽţ
¶ʮ

ôĵĳͷ, ҲԸˡ
ʲô
С㲻˵, , ˵ֽԼдĳͷ
Ĭ룬õû, ֽݻ¶ס
ˣһ֣㿪θСҲǲС
ʮ¶׺ܿ, ˻ȥŸһ̧ͷǰͳһѾ˵Ļȳ
õ滹װĵط, Ĵϴ˴Цѽ
ֻȥãϧ״СȴãЦеι㡣

ֲɱرùЩڣ֪ԼȲųˡ
ͷҧһأʱնĹĵģֻС
ó𣿡ʡ
庬Ӧš
ؾصĳƬ̣õջ֣˹˺ʣµİװ棬һڰʣµĻȳȫҧ
սڣ̧۾ͼɴ۾Լһ٣ô
壺Եҵġ
ܳ𣿡õʡ
ǴСģȻܳԡü̲ס̧ԼԹģС㲻
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Ѱװŵϵİõ˳ʪ˲֣
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СԼдģǺ˼
ҡҡչģˡ
ĿԼģֻСָ˹ȴûãֻ룬һƬ⡣
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𣿡õĵӦһ䣬ͣסһֽûŴ򿪣Ǵ󷽷ݸ壬ʲôͷ
ڿ״Сֽŵ˲䣬͸˷ܡ
ǴСԼдĳͷ
СԼдĳͷͦ˼
ٴֽţĿⴥֽдݺϵЦ˲ȴ
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ѽ齩Ӳһģõ˸˵ʲôͷܣˣģġ
ֽۻȥˣ
Ӧõ˲Ͳµдʲôˣ䴽һЦôУûϵصĳͷҶܡ
˵žҪȥֽš
ȴֱӰֽһġԽõԽ붺ȥҡ
ŶöصģõһҲˣ˹ȥ˶ѹϡ
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õץסյȭͷûע⵽˵ƣԵüɿⲻҵĳͷˣʲô
Ҳܳͷ
һһ۵ģɢͷѹŵĶ̵öܼ弦ˡ
ҿɲˣõһֻ߬һֻȭͷӲİϽɿ
˵䣬絽Էϡ
˱ۣͼѾˡ
ͷ˯õӻӵ÷ɿ졣
ѣŷԼ˶ϡȣպм䣬ڶԷࡣ
ǸΪֱס޳Ĳӣȥ˵ƱܲɷԺ󣬳ͨĶ䴵
ѽֻϷѣҶ㻹Ӯ
˵ţȦס
㡣СȵĺԼӴĺ˲ˣѸɿ֣
УÿˡһõȻǰһôߵ

˱ۡ
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ɴۡ
ɵСȵĶһɨһսѸ˻ȥûһֱԷҧסһһµĥš
С㡣
ҧס´Ҫǻڱĳȫƿزˡ
һɲɺӵ˳Ŷ´ܣƺҲûע⵽ʱһЩ

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һŵֽٴαչּܺÿ۽·ʷ涼ŰǺйԵ֣쳣ĺÿ
ոֻһӹͱѸڳϸмϤ
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ʶüûȥ룬󱳵ᶯһƬ⡣
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ţ
õˣĿԣüôƽˣҲᣬ㲻ϧ
ԣĬס
ǣ˷ˡ
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ϧ޺ҩ
壬ҪһˡõסϵЦ⣬˼棬˰ѻŵǰʱ͸úݺסŶԡ
һٶذԼǰĻס
㲻˵ֻҪһ˿ܣ㶼᳢𣿡õڼϴν˼ʱ˵Ļ
Լ˵ȥԸֿܣɸ彻ôΣõ˷˶ٴԼĻˡ
˵ףĻᶼǴԼȡȴӲܱ˸Ļᡣ
Ǳ˸ĻỹԼȡĻᣬײǻ᣿
̾Ϣһѵڣʹϴһᣬ˷һܣϧ
ϵıĪ⼸󶨶ؿԼõüϣЩƻ
Ϊûжೢһܣڵóһѵ԰ɣ
ǰˣõҪڼ˵ȴû뵽ĵõӦ
š
ţ
ػõԼסôɴʹӦˣ
ҪڣͼͻȻҪչ
ȵȡ
ѸٳסԷĴɻҵĳͷôʲôѽ
ԣһ졣
򴽣ֱ̲ס߬ŽţһС㿪ʼɡ
ԣõضƬ̣Ժ˼ɹ۵׻һЦǷŰɡ
ס΢΢һգ˵ʲôоûԼɡ
ҲǣϽܺǵģƫƫ˸ʱը֪ʲôʱ򣬴Сͻͷ
⡣
Ĭס˶ʣ𣿡
ôھҽǣõü֪ʣɹ˶ͨ졣
˵ţó
ŴŴģװźüͷ״Сź㣬Ҳܺÿ𿪰װһݸ壺
һιСӵģ
֪ԷĿľͲݣ˳ӵҧס
ﻮֲ̫壬ζܲ
һ屻ͶιԺ󣬲ûñǴθأǻڳٿˮʼԶ
ϳԵҲࡣ
ʲôԼáõϳ֪ͦ࣬Ե٣ô϶ԲֱӰ
Լ´ˢ˯ˣԡ
ȰõԡҳʱѾŴȥǱߣϵЩֽҲʰˡ
õû̫⣬ԹԵϴԺֱ棬ɡ
OO@@ĳԶֻСƵġ
Լûô
õ֪ûʶ˯ȥ
೤ƽȵĺڰķͷС㱳Լ˯˻û˯ӵƽȡ
ˣѾ˯ˡ
ԶĶøᡣ
أĿⲻɨϵİ˸Сֽšԥ룬һ𿪡ֻû뵽һȻ֣˸ֽﾹȻֻͷ

Ҳ˵СԼһͬһͷдı飡
ǻֺЦ
ЩЦá
СԼҲûаסᣬĸһǶһ̵Լ
ֽϵֿƬ̣ۻȥҪͰͣסԥһСдֻֽ档
*
գõѵĺ硣
ҪԺۣĿƯ
ձ
˲ѣʶҪ֣ȴû뵽סţŷԼȻǱסġ
˿壬ٿԼõʺš
Ҳ֪ǴĶֱһӣȻͬһŴţɸԸŸԵıӣʲô
˾ÿЦõǣԼıӾȻһˣ
ʲô
ٲ֣ȻֻѹûӶ١

Ϊ˯һټӸʮֵġ
û뵽һ˾Ȼֻ֡
Ҫ
ͼӱѳۡõɹȥЩ߳ŭȻˣ
ﻹż⣬˶ԷĻã˼룬ѸٷӦϽȥ⿪Сıӡ
ûᣬһӾͱ⿪
õ°ѱӵſȻһϵ壬Ȼ˯ŰҰ
һ죬ȶ˶߱ӡ
˺üأÿС㶼߿˱ӣ˯ȹҲƵ˴в¶׻ĴȣŶ䡣
һȥԾͰʱˡ
ǵڶ⿪ȴû뵽Сѵñ硣
ǽڡõһ°ѹԱһɻԼոյĴλ
ɿѸ´ѹȥƵġ
õһ
ؼʲôŲ£壬û㻹Ƿʲôɣ
˯˯ȹ
ոѾЩˣ˲͵òУƫƫ˯£ʱƣǰķ˲䱩¶˴롣
˽ס
ʶʿˮŴСǰĹ֣ԴһƬ
ʵϣԴϿ״С·ģԺǸǻԺظ֡
һƬס
۰еĨ졣
ȫȴ
ͣʱ̫ڰõ˳ߵͷ⧲ؿԼΪӵͶ¶һƬףĬ˼롣
ϲ
õգգۣϲֱ˵ֲǲ㿴˭˭ѽ
˵ţ̧־Ҫȥӡ
ۼֿ죬ס
ͷ˿Լϵ̧֣ͷ壺ˣ
ǡϱ죬Ŭûϲ
ʳɫҲϲЩҲЦ㡣˵ţõ̧Լ֣ԼͷһֻԼѾõ֣һϲҵأϲ֡
˴ס
ţϲ֣̲ססҪȥӣϲҵҲԡ
û˵꣬ѾĶӡ
õЦԼá
׺߰
*
ĵЧãõѾȫһӣһţҪˡ
СĵطȻҪȥ䡣
С㣬ҿԸ㵱Ρ
˵״СҪȥ棬Ըµؿڡ
á
õؾֻܾ΢ϢʾͷƳۣշϢ̲סһ
û˵ǰ׼ҴСɣ̧ơ
ԣҡͷûеġ
ȻͬѧʲôˣǴС˵Ļֻڹȥ
СҲûţԽַھҲֻ֪Ǽ˼úÿǮˡ
СõͷͬѧۻᣬǷֿȥҵľ籾
ţǹܼŮǸ˽ġ
ǶԵڶͬѧۻڴһ÷ɿ졣
һͷԲ鿴˸ƬϾڶҪͬѧۻˣ֪ܵϲǸ˵˭
һؼƬͦ£ǺϴβʱΡ
ԾѧУص̨
ҲˣպϴνȥǼŮ
ȻţһպǼС࣬һȻȻǶһվŵ塣
죬ĳ۱¶ڿ޳Ĳ£Ӻʵֱϵ档
ֹˡ
ʹǴͨУ嶼ܴģصĸо
õԹߵĽǶȿţЩУ԰żĴ
վȥȻ˿ԼͦģԹԵվӪ
£
ȫûԼڴʲôУĿȻؿǰǼŮ
䣬վЦһ£Ȼ°壡
ǰһָļ򴦣Щ⣬˵һ´һ£ϴѾңԶ㣬㻹Ҫز˼ǰɣ
õ󣬵ûƶ壬ֻļ˻Ρ
õʱվ󣬿ؿı顣
һȻҲܱôĶ⣬ªҶġ
尲˼룬ͻȻʣϴγŶʯͷģ𣿡


52 
, ʶԷȴĪһѾƶ˾ǶԷĸо
ò˵, ǰȷõͷһ壬ֻλֻܿԷÿĶ䡣
ʵͨһƬģֻװ׾С־¡ΧļͷɢԵֵġ
õǰ㿴
ʱѾûʲôر飬һ, źܳƣ˿û˵ĳ
üҸҾǿǸ̫Ƕ಻ҪȻƼҴʮ꣬Ƥôô񰡣
˵, ʱĳ, 쿩ֱЦһû, ű, Ǹ̫ŻȥЦˡ
ЦЦţע⵽Ŀ, Ц͡
õ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
ʱͦµģֻʱܳҧһڵСʨӣ, ˿ֱ
մ˰֣Ȼܻ, ɤŴЩҲ֪ڸԼ׳ǵΪŻˣٵԣ
յȭͷɿƳ̨ŵķǶѾյסٳ㲥٣ܴû˻ע⵽̨Ķ
Ȼȥܻᱻͷ̡
һҪ֣һʯͷشԱ߷յϡ
žһ졣

˲һŶͷһߣĸˣ
õûüȥһ
Ƿ͸ͣѽ
ס˵Ƿĵͦġ
ôһ⣬һҲŷ֣ԭһֱŸŮǳʱ˯ϴŲͷ
õϸϸŮ
õͦÿӸͷ̣ܶٺйԣŮĪӢ
УҲò治أӿ˺ü¶һƬǣУӦǱùÿĽŲӱ¶⡣
Ϸһ̡
Ÿⲻǡ
˼裬ŵ˯ѽڿԷ˲䣬Ѹٱ·ѾԼոձԷɹ¡
裿
õŬһ£ȴûϵͳԼļҵֻ֣ǸСɫ
ڰõĹмŮѾСֽ̨ý䣬㹻Ŀ
عİõû˼ȥܹ˱ˣһתͷͼĿ⻹ŶԷ
ţ
״õƤ͵һӢ۾Ŷ׽˷İνӢۻͦɫ
ɣ
Ӧòôǳɣ
ͻȻĺĸƵģĶһ߽һ߻ڰοԼڡ
ʲôˣ
ԼѸɾȥҵģôܻ
ȻǴҴȥǸмŮȴֽס壺ιѧԣ־һأ㲻˵лл
磬ǰֱӹס޳ĲӣЦ
УѧԣCPCPҶˣͽ˫ϣô
ֻסĳۣõһûʶҪȥԷƫƫûʵ壬ֱӴϴ

һ룬£Ѽֻ˦ɴܾ
ô
ȴ⣺Ϊʲô㽻ѣģԺһģûٸ۸㡣
岻Ϊֱߡ
ͼ˵塣
õһ·Ҳһ·
ȻؿмŮ֮ǰŵλá
衣
ԭǽм衣
õѾûЦ⣬׳ȫĪϵɷôۣķθǴۡ
һк˼ټļֵƵԽԽߡ
õŷμϴεļ֮ǰ
ۿмŮͿĨϸɫʡ
˵໰
һЩֵĻ¡
忴ɫĵӰ
ԭ
֮ǰõѧĹ˵ı£ϾԼ΢һͺߣȫ˼ˡ
ԭмŮʦ̵۲ΧЩܻӭˣѧϰǵ̬ȡԼܵõ档
˵ʲôܡ
ŻգյĪȴָңȫӲˡ
벻֪ʱƬȻֹŮݻ̷ֱ߽֮⡣
ۣΧһƬ
͸һ˿͵Ĺâڷһǣת˸塣
Է˯ðȻ
ķϸ΢ĺ
֪أõʶԼĨмʡ
ǸмŮԼûгʱͳһ⡣
ʶԷ۸ʱͦԱߵ̬廤
ƺ÷ꡣ
õšüͷת˸ǽ
ˣѾˣھƶı䲻ʲô˵ǸмŮҲμͬѧۻᣬҪԼûϢã״̬ѣǾҪԷȥˣ
Ҫǳġ
ǰߵԼ
ͨԺ󣬰õ³һŬͼ˯⡣
ֻǼû˯š
Ӷ̨ϵǸ档
ֻһС̨ţһУʹ˴ɫĵӰ
ߵ˦˶Ӹ̨£Ȼû߾ͱקס˺졣

գõ۾Ȧ
ɫ̫ãԺüۡ
ʲôģһйԵĻɱ
岻𣿡ţ廹ʳڡ
ԣõضƬ̣Ҫμͬѧۻᣬʲô飿
һ䣬ϵıصȥƿĿ⣺ûʲô顣
õȴһĳ̬ûʲôͬѧ
״С仰ʵЩ֣Īؿһۣ֪Ϊʲôһ磬ͶԼô
Ĭ룬ͣûúõͬѧ
𣿡õ˳ǣ۵״˼ֳûúõͬѧǼʲô
ϵõһСӰ
ﵽײþ
΢ͨѶ¼СС޵΢źС
ԥ룬ϢС
СЧʲûӣõֻ˱˺ügСӰ
һͣڷϱʾԼ첻ˡ
㲻˵Ҫȥ𣿡üǲֲˣ
õϣ˸äд˼䣬ôðŷ
Ƴ˼д:
ҿ˼ǸڵʲôصĲ֪Ūʲô۶ӣýԶЩС㡣
һ󴮻д˴죬˼󶼰Źüء
С㣬㰢ʲôôأ˼󼷳һĨЦʵ
׷ĲϲɸŹһңҲڵϴ˯һһ͸оԼᱳʹܡ
ʹŶ裬һӾͻص˼ǰ
С԰˵ԼĻŪǷǣԼͰŵĸ顣
ʲôأõһǷȻĵÿģǾȻǺ޹صĻ⡣
˵꣬˼˼Ťı飬:
ǲиȥҰӪĻ˼󣬽С÷ȥ̽̽磬ǰ׵´ȥʱоˡ
ԣ˼ûʲô仯ӵȴ׼ȷС÷
С÷˲⣬ʣС㣬ΪʲôҺ˼ȥϲǲ𣿡
õüЩȻҵˣˣǲȥ˭ȥ

С÷˲α졣
˼ƤҲˡ
ոԼȻôһ˲䣬ΪСڹ̽Լ
ǿЦ
ͣиİš
õס壺ȥ䡣
С㣬ѩȥ滹ѩСڣ㲻ȥѩ𣿡
ֲ˼ġ
и˼ĶҪûѩõܾ
˵꣬ǿ˵ı飬ֱߡ
ƳصĴС㣬ЩĪ
С𴲿ʼͲ̫ˣڷ糣֣زԷ仯
ʲôΪСʲôĵӣ򴽣ûܾ̲סѣܲܲҪгͷˣ
ǷСһǡ
һͲ̫ҺʹСϡ
ʲôõ˫ֱأСӰô
ϸı飬ͼҳһ˿ߡ
ϧ޹
Ȼ˵ĻԺ󣬻˿
õۡ
ŮܵؼּʹͬһԶĻ棬ԼĶƽϡ

Լߵλá
˶һŴ˯ˣҲЩϰߺʹСദûʲô߹ȥ
˱ǽš
ȱֱطţէһõĻһСء
õ˳ǣѸٰΪȵơ
СԼƵƽ֮䣬ְһ
ѵ濴ʱҪдۺеġ
壺š
ǰѧУʱÿ꿴ӰʦдۺУûֲԾ֮
ӰƬʼⲿӰĿûôǿûһǹʵظе顣
һʼǸŹؾصĳڿĵŮ˳ֵ֣߽ľưɣ澾һű¶㡣
ʲô
˦Ů˵֡
õתͷ壬棬˵ô
ܷ𣿡Ų²⡣
ոŮȥưɴ˵ʱһŮ˱һŮԼӦǻֵİɣ
ǸŮһҪ˵ģ
ϸŮ˵ķӦ
Ů˾ŵŮ˳ΪҪʱ򣬳ŮͻȻסŮ˵°ͣڵ˹ȥ

õúܴ߷Ŵ󣬻ڶߡ
ͷҲڲܿ˵ͷڲϾ衣
Ǳ⻭̵ѸŲĿ⣬
ô
Ǹóġ
ʹȥǸ棬ߵҲڶ
ʶС㣬ȴѹûƽ壬һ˲˲ضԼ
Ҫڵʱ򣬰״СͻȻЦЦؿڣ
ߣ
Ī˼Ƶζ
ûСʶϡ
ģĻͬʱһοԸϽôСԼǷһǡ
ϧάֵʱܾá
ĳŮѾƵ˵Ů˵ǣڵŮϲºۼ
ŮŲӱųŮˣϵı֡
˵϶Է֣֡ܵıɡ
೤
ڿŮ˵ĵŮȥ¶ûдµķٴƿߣȴǵŮ˸߰೤һ
Ҳ֪Ůʲô
޿̵س״С㣬˵ûί񣺡õʺǿ
Ű״Сƺ£⺰ĶԷ֡
ﲻˣõüʺǿʺ˭ͬѧ
ôֳͬѧȥˣ
ü
ڰõ£ԺѸһƬΡ
һֻֻĻиŮѹ·ڴسžͷš
ס
֮ǰ¶ǵĵӰȻģЩƬλ̣֮ǰͼľż˹СʱѧѧȫǸŮ˵̬
ʧʱ̫õȥ
ҧôͬѧûزˣ
ûСջǶλʵ㲻ãΪĿȴѾúģֻһ档
ûáõһѶӲ㲻ǰѧϰҲѧϰѧϰһ𿴡
ִС
ʶƳĻŷŮѾѹ·
̫ϵ֮ǰһֱǿ·ˣ˶ģ˶ˡ
׿ȥ
ٴƿĿ⣬Сӵģ
ɫ񣬿˿ǵļƵģ͸Ź⣬֪ʲôݡ
ȡĻŮ˺ÿˡ
ʶԼʲô˱ۣȴܿƵرü
شҵĺ೤ġָȫһ
õǺӲˣѿڣҪ˺òã
õüôѧϰ
״ƿգѾʮˣ֪⵵ôأԺҪȢϱ޴ǺΣ
ÿҲѧġ򴽣Ŭɣǲÿ
Ĳÿû˴С۾
һ뵽С㿴⵵£˵Ĺ֡
аɡ
õĵ˵ʵϣûôĿͣƽ΢һЩ˶ȫ˫޳ȡ
壬Ů˾ͶٴЩʳ֮ζĸо
Ů˽еҲûƻˡ
ֻסԷ죬ôˡܽеøӬƵģŵĽиͣ˵ʵڵģܷˡ
Ҳ֪ԼӰĥԼĥ塣
ȻﷳòУȰѼӲ
ŪиоҶˡ
״С˵¶ֱףֱĬסӷˡ
̲ס࿴Ļ֪Сɫģû뵽Էʳֵز
ŮҲо

С㻹
ԼϣǲǾҪȥϲɻˣ
һ뵽۵׾ͲԾض˼
ӰϵĳҪڳʱʵ̲סְѵӰˡ
ţ
õתͷ̫ԣ룬ڣϲ
С仰ѹѹѸҡͷϲ
Ȼһ룬СĻǻһ
岻̧ͷУ


53 
õı鶺Ц, ƽ޲ı飬ϳͻ÷ǳ˼
ȻСб, ֻǰָٻ忴㿴СôӰһ쿴ʮ⡣
ۣǸոտǸȻǱίһȫֱס
ۿŴСҪһӰȥѸסָ
ţ
õתͷüҲ˵, ֻڡ
ֻ۾áҳһסɣ˵˿ڣĻͱƵƵɺܴΣ
һ, ˵аۡ
õ̲ס, ȥʲôΣҾ뿴ѽ, ֪ʶ̫, ҪԺЦô죿
û˵°͸򴦣ᴵ˵ѧ, յ֪ʶҷḻԽң
˵ţԼָ, ͨͨһȴΪĹŻٶȶó
Ĳ˲
Ҫѧԡð, ѹĵ׵ǵһԼ
Ϊʲô
õۣŵȫΣϢԣԼУѧѲɻǼרƺ
Ҳϲҡϵ⣬˵棬һ䣬ᡣ
᣿õüƬķӦɲᣬ̽ţôǰ㣬㲻ˣ
岻Ըģִתƿ⣺
ոжС÷Сǲǳȥˣ
ǡ
Ȼ֪ڹתƻ⣬ôˣǹԹϹüȾЩᷳ
áСΪʲôôˣӦúܿ죬ûסʣΪʲôһȥ첻Ѿȥ𣿡
йʱ򣬰״СȥǸ¶Ӫĵط
ԣõСָ
ʵٻ˽£õ΢̹һЩ˵һè壬ﰲ˶š
˵÷ƵʵϰŵĲǶˡ
ͷԼһֱŵСָѻ¹ջӦǳеͬѧۻɣúõ𣿡
ûС
Ƕٴʣ嶼еǳʡ
üЩӲûѡ
ûѣõظһ飬ЦЦģӦֻһСӰѰɣ
仰ԺǿСĲѰ֮Ĭ˼룬϶ҡ
˵ţ֡
϶Щ䵭õ˵ûУ˵ġ
ǲѵϴ̲겻Ǽ΢𣿡
һ䣬
Ȼ֪΢ţǰпСϢա
ʲôˡ
֪
֣峹Ĭס֪ԷǺˣǻȥǶԷԴСƷԣֻ
һֱûȵĻӦõ̧Ī⣬ɵʣʲô
ȴûֻ俴
ǰõĥ˼òΪҸһȰɣ
ҿˡ졣
仰ʵЩԽûʸСģʱǺʹС̫ˣڸС˵һЩ
ճڣʶ˲סʶС㣬ֶԷûвԺǿڰе䵽ʵ
ǲˡõЦһԼ֮ǰԾڳԴ𣿡
һ֮ǰǴЩ졣
õŹ⣬û忪ڣѾԹԵؽͣģڶԱû˼
Աû˼Ƕ˭˼
뷨ɣʶüͷ
Ķʲô
ãʣΪʲô
ΪʲôԱû˼
Ϊʲôôã
õЩס
õеٴαϲռ죬ס壺ǺѽǾһϵƣ㲻ϲģҲϲ
˵оӣ㿴㲻ϲ䣬⼸˶鷳ѽֲǿҶΪأ
棬΢
ûʲôİٴռ
ͺսӴʱѾ˼ãҲֵøƣͻȻһ죬ŷ֣ԭ˭ġ
ԼЩѾ˼ֺõͷֱӳЦ
ƫƫʱ򣬸մӱǶĵҡβͣǶƵġ
򴽣ڵҲҪҳܲܰɾˣ

Щȴȷ϶ԷǷڳԴףõĿ΢
Ϊתƻֱӷϣȴû뵽Ȼˣ
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54 
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ϵͳ𣿡ִ̧˴Լ룬Ͳ±˷𣿡
[ģѹάߣǱĬУʹòԸ仯˶ǲɵ]
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ʮӺ󣬰õϴɾ֣ԼС˹شӲ
Ÿտţͼվһˡ
Ų΢٣Է
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ˡ
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ͻȻ˲̫ðɣõͼûʰء
ǰȴ˵ˣֻ

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55 
̼, һתͷͼֻ⣬ֻеĹ, һϢͻʹ⣬ſᡣ
üͷֻ˸棬Ǳⷳˡ
ƹЧԹصŶԷ֣Ұ㣿
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̫ˣ͵Լ뿪أ
̲סһ˽ûȥϢԹԵҵǶ, ²:뱳Ҵɣ
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һ֮˵Լᱻ
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ȵ˶ӣ˶ůģõֵͷ˿һ⡣
һ
Ϊһʧʧˣô
һ䣬üͷ˲̫״СΪʲô뷨
㲻Ǹ⡣
˵硣
Է֣ĬסĴһȥ˼ĴСʧʧϣʲôأ
󲻳
Ŀڰ״С۾ϣʧĻ˫۾ͻʧȥĹâɣ
޹⡣
üͷʶ
С㰮ʧ˵ĻҲˡ
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ҡͷ
֪õȴش壬Ҫʧʧϣҿǻһֱչġ
ôһǰҲѽҲѲ˶Ǯ
ͻȻԼǰ찲ŵ££ʲô㣿
ʱ˲˼˳˰Ҳһһ顣
Сɼ죬һֱŽѧ飬ǰڴһĺٱԭϴߵģӴûȥѧУ
Ϊɼ죬ѧУһֱѧҪȥǿԵġ
ʲô
סľͷƵģõ̲סҶ˵ˣڲҵˣ壬Ӧ
Թ˵ţ
ȻͬһѧѧУڣһ׹ԢʱǰϿΣһؼңô
ˣҲϵһҽԺѾԤԼ˲ͻʱŹȥСҽԺѧУܽʮӾܵԺȥҲܷ㡣
ЩõǴ˵Ķ˵ĹĹǣʵ̲סһȫ˳
˵꣬壬Է̲סȥ
ôж˵
Ȼľͷģ
һ˲رס
ŶԷϷѪܣ̧Ϊô࣬󲻵ð
Щί
Ϊʲô岻ҺʹСϣ࿪ͷ㿪ԷЦߣɤӸƣΪʲôͻȻôã
ͺܺ𣿡õ˳Ʊסֽϸ֫ڻְԴչȥ壬Ӧõġ
ûңѾöþܱҵ׬ǮŲ⡣
ڰ׼Ҵĥ꣬ЩԻӦİõؽܣҪԷƱ


56 
ǰ̫, ̳ϵ볾ֲܲ, úܹ֣˺ܶί
ģڵѾʶ֮ǰԼжס﷢ģԺһá
ȫǴСả˲ˮ⣬ڰ׼ҵ֡
ҧЩ࣬ʱΪСӿԺ
Թޡʡ
ָȫһ, ڴСһһİοУͨͨί
ɿԷϸԷڻĬŵͷ
οһȦɫ, ΢΢͸Ź⡣
屧ú, Ҫ뻳õСĵź, û, ֻ̧ŶԷı
Ǹýһεġ
֮ǰһֱûкʵʱǴ, ʱ˺ͣҲǡô
Ϊôһģʵϲ, ɿ
ԷۿЩ죬ǿ޹, ֺûС
õûһֱ۾µƿߣӣת
㻹ûк˵˵ʲô뷨
ԣë΢
ڵĴСܲС㡣
ΪⳬѰı仯ܵ˺ǰȻͬĴһֱڿ仯
ڡ
ҪֻԼһ
ɲǲΣԼⱲƺҪˡҪһĺɫֽĴСϡ
ʲôϵסͬһԢðΣ׵ʡ
ߡŮѶԡõЦ̣ѡȨϡ
Լ֮ǰݴڰ׼ҵ֣ٴʣݲͬԺദʽͻ᲻ͬ𣿡
ȻᡣõһϻԼģֿ϶˵ʲôݣ㶼壬ûʲôͬ
סؿŰõ:㡭ϲ𣿡
ûԤϵ⣬õ˲©˼˲ܿ죬ƶȻ
䣬ͼԿؿڣǾŮѡ
ǵİõͬƵģ˼֣Ůѿ𣿡
Ȼԡ
õ𴽣ǣֱһǣ̾ϢʵҪŮˣ֪Щ֮ǰ˶ϲҵģҲûϲǡ
ҲûѣԼҳȥ棬ǶżҡȻҲҪǡ
˵ţõ̧ȻҶϲңûϵ͹ˡ
[Ǳϵͳ͵͵ȥ]
⵽б仯ϵͳ̲סʣԼôôģ
ڱɿʱߺ𣿡õһٺõϵͳͻȻܹˡ
Ҫɿ֣ȴԷס
ţ
һ룬ͼǰسԼƽ
ҡ˵˶ϲСġɻȴȫ˵ˣõѹ
򴽣صͷ
ûȰõعĴѹŵľζ
õ΢٣û㿪קס½ǣԼ
׵úܼУЩֺãƫƫֶ׾׵£ȻղãûͰѰõ´ҧƤ
õ˻һ΢΢˵ľ룺ôˣ
ˡϲ𣿡
һƬ뵣ֻѾ˼ֺ˵è䡣
õʧЦ
ϸһ룬仰ûʲôëȷʵϲ弼ʵ̫ȥԼ漸춼úüˡ
壬¼Żɵ£ȷҪҸˣ
úԥ:ȷ
״õ:ðŮѡ
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ͷҽ㡣
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졣
ѾٵõĻԺԾعԹ
һ˲ỬС̽Եһɨ
˲һ顣
ۣĴԴһըˡ
ٴαСҧסͬʱԷʪȵͷʼ˳΢Ĵ룬ʶոֻǿʼ
֪˳⣬ܳӡ
СΪ˰ԵͷҲԵúܣԱ߶㣬ܶ㵽ģԷͷ׷ؾ
ȫ˵ĺ
Ƭ̣ͬʱĻ
ϱӶᣬ鲻Խرս˫ۣӲȴ˳ԴҲϷΣΪԼҪƬảʱԷԵͷͻȻ롣
֮ǰöԷ̫ԵɵԷʱȫȻʶظһȥ
ۡ
ҪԼ𣿡С۶Ц
屾ͷ˲øӹ̣תͷڡ
ܿ죬ֱС˻ȥ
ѧûѽ
õָ΢Է·棬ỺĦϸָȫϹ̵¶ȣԼĶܸܵŲ
ɬĹӡ
žʳҪԷһһڵسԵ
š
度ߵҺͰõӣִٵӦƮ
𣿡õɲôŹǺЦͬѧҪĹˡ
˵ţõڴ£ԼϣȦסĲӺ˿̧ͷҡ
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СĴ
Сʱ򰮳ԵŴŴĹ˿˿ġ
أһʹ
ǻ񰡣
״СΪ
ʶһ㣬ͻȻЩţչȥҧסԷéٿҧϾѾԼͷ
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Ϊǵһ˵÷ɿ죬˽ŵסԼ̫أԼ̫ᡣ
ȻȴĲ̫һ
ȷǽ˶ԷĳǳڣȨ֪ΪֱԷȡ
룬ʵԷǿȥ͸ոԼǻȣֻǻ˸صѡ
ڴСĳǳţɨԷǳڵÿһ
𵽷Ρ
һֱˣҲû˳
Լ䲻Ħֿʼϡ
΢
Էȴûͣ
ۣŷִСԭһֱۡһ뵽ԷոտڱԼ߹۲ԼķӦ͸߳ܡ
Է󱳵ſ۴ǻ
𣿡
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顣
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Ϊܾİõ۾ˣ֣ȥţ
ӰдŻ졣
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߬½ǣɫһ
΢侲СǰĶáҪǻأ
ԼԸĨҪ󻹱
뵽̧ͷԼİõʹ֪С˿ܻȴ̲ס
ƭ𣿡
⧲ôһ䣬õŲһ١ոջԵƺѾعЩ
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Ѿ߻ͳֻԼҽԺҹԢϢݸ忴
𣿡
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Ǹ
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ۡ
⸱ģõЦҶأģС˵Ȼ㵱ѣͲƭ㡣
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ոյ컵ױɢ
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ԡˮɫ̧ͷ
ҪߣؼС֮ǰ˵һϴеµ¡
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һʲôû
ϴ裬ȥԡңԼʱռϢ͸ĳˡһֱԷظյ֣õŷֻ
Ѹô´ˣõ˶ʼһմ˯˹ȥ
ʶʱѾڼƬ
Ȼûǰ֪ļ䡣
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˵µĿ˰
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Įȫû֮ǰ飬Ŀǿһİˣ䵭
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塣
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ƵؿۣѧԹȻѧ԰дģԴۡ
˵ѧֵʱȫǳ
ҡ
ԹߵĽǶõԿ߬ȭͷЩˡ
㣿
ü棬Ծһ˺ӣ˺˵Ծһ
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㻹ҽѣϴŲмֻ֪ѧЩαĺѧ𣿡
治֪ǰʱǷ𣿾Ȼ˽һ𣬰ܻҵ
Ƿᡣ
õͻȻǳԼûἾ衣
˾͸úݺһ٣̽˵ĵ
õԼôʰʱǰӰһΡһͱӣõȴֱӸˡ
õ
ٻתͷɫѵ壬ٿغʹļ衣
ţ
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һЩѹ¡
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ȡ֮˵Ȼۡ͡
ԼǵϴμƬУҪʱ۵˲Ĺ⡣
ڵҹͻȻһյơ
յϨˡ
۵ûκڻķ϶Ŀݾ
ûֻĮؾ˼輸䣬ɿԷתˡ
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ȥǰǸͼһȥ̨
֮ǰλ£˫ֱסȣϥǣõƵۡ
ʵԣǴڸкǿҪ͸ȫ
ѹ
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˸䵱ѡ
˵̨꣬ž͸֨һ˴򿪡
ƫͷûʲô
壬˵ˣ
ơ
ô˰忪ڣѾȰȰȵ˵ͣǰʱ˸ջҪǰˣ˿϶鷳
޹ء
̬䵭
ô͸ûϵˣ죬Ҫ㱻ҳ϶ĸඪˣ֪˻Ϊҷأ
˵ţ¡
˸Ƶģǰܰ㣬ôܸˣ仯ôѽ
˵΢ЩڣǸ໨ϵҲˣ
˵ǲΪǸ໨Ҫתѧˣ̫ˣİ
˵ڰ໨һŮģûѹⲻȤ
ô˵
ûõӦüԲ̫ˡ
Ҫ˵ʲô忴
Ǳ仰ҭסðҲû˵Щ⣺
ѹǶԸѣ˭Ը氡
˵Ҫߡ
ֻûͣת壬ԥ˼룬߹ȥѶݸ
㣬˰ȻҪˣҪ˵ûԷҲŲ㡣


57 
岻, 죬һ, Աߣûٹ壬һһˡ
õĬĬûΪʲô
ԼһֱڱԹļȫЩ˾ñ飬ƺȥ롪Ĺ
ǳЩܿѵļ䣬ΪֻЩ
ѵõһ˿ϸƬ＾ģɼ׽ֻһݵ̻ڵݵԺֺܿʧ
عڰ
*
õʱ, Ѿûˡ
·
ϴȥŷѩԺ˲ѩ̹ǡ
õ·ȥ塣
ڴ󲿷˶˯, Χܰ, ԾԵýĶԡ
߹ȥ, ˮ, װ·Լ·ڴϴ
Լ·һԵĵϡ
塣
õ˲һͿ߹ȥ, ߶¡
ôˣ
üʱ仹磬˵СӦû˯
˯ˡ˵, õҪˮû, ͱһֻס
𶯣ˮ䡣
Էϵ¶ȴ
ô̹ǡ
ͷֻˮϺһƬЩطŰס
õ˲䷴סôôϴˡ
˵žҪ
ԭΪô죬Ӧûˮȥϴ·ֱϴ»ȴû뵽ںôľˮϴ
ϴˡ
֣û
״õҲٴζ£ϴҲϴ
˵žͰԱߵϷŵ·һԵˮ̹ǵˮֱֱ
ȴ˲ɫһֻ֣һְֻոˮ·
ࡣ
ˣ
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Ҫӡ֤ԼĻƵģ֣·ٴˮУԼĻһ顣
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ë˲Ѹٽ˵
ˣ
СֶˣɫѿŴСѸٻط䣬ȡů
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ûӦ
ϴ»Ҳ֪˵·֪Сн񱡣
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Ѿϰˡ
Ůӵô󣬲ϴ·ġõ֣ɷµؽѵԺϴ·ˡ
Ҳϴ·ô죿
ûֻܾ̾ʵ
õĬĬȻа취˼ϴӦϴǿԸϴġ

·ǵϴ𣿡⡣
ţ
̧
µģõֱȥԡңԡͷ򿪣һֱŵˮŻͷ:
ֱԡϴ𣿡

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˼ӳ֡40
40
جβ30

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룬Ѿ̲סҪЦˡ
ţαڣõɲǰ׼ңҪҪ˱ץģöΪԼǿǰ
仰۾˲һ԰ʱñв϶ҪǮɣ
ˣõЦЦȴ۵ףǾУҵûˣ
˵꣬û˷Ӧ˸ڽĴ
㡭ʲôѽ
˲ˣִ󣬵ҵĴ󣬶ǰͱȥ˶֪
æСĶ
úúãҴˣȷʵ©С
ǣ©õü˭֪һת᲻ּ©ȥ
᲻ᣡ伱öͷðƫƫһ磬ƾͱԼȥˣֻԼˣҵĴҵĴұ֤Ժ󲻻᷸ˣ
Ĵˣ
õü
õ˼Ѿߵõǰϻűӣ־Ҫȥңˣ
ĿǣǴŸõջ͵˼
⼸ϲһɵϣᱳʹ
ܵǣѹûǰԼӣȻԼĴԼֻϲɵĳЦд̡
ǰͶԼ߸ϣϹ޸ԼԼ̬ȣˡ
ʱڰõǶܵ˼Ż
׼˸Ƶ
Լù׼ҲùС㡭
ţĶһЩѾץס˱ӵβˣ͵Сݺ˦Լһޡ
Ȼʵȴϣ˶ûӦʱ򣬰õһˤ
ϣ
õһϿٿڣð˼㾹ȻҴң
ǴС
˼ɴۣԺ˼תҪȥˡ
õɲҪĴԱһ㣬ԹԵ
ҴңҪĸףҲ뿴㣬ҹ
˵ţһӷɹȥˡ
ҡҲǹġ˼û뵽Լ˷۱˲ûӲޡ
õ߬סͼ䣺
ϰ壬㻹û˵أ
˵ţקֱƽǼõС
涯ôȻ̫̫鵭ڴû
裡֪СǷҪԼˣϽȥСǼҵеᣬϽ˼ҽͼ䣡
̫̫õűߣ˵˵ϰƽʱôģ
̫̫ͷ̾ϢСЩСôҲˣ¾˰ɣӹҲ͹ˡ
ʲôˣʲôӹ˾͹ˣ䱩ŭû뵽ϲľȻ˵ǰס̫ŵ֣䵱ҵԩͷʮ꣬ڣǻʲô⣿
ԩͷ
һſڴֻͷ΢ңŲε
С̵ıˣСǧʮҺŻǮгʮ𣿡
仰һֵ˲ۿ
ԹӴǧհ
һӶʳ˰ɣ
ǧҲ⣬ֺôûأ
Ҳ߯ˣôһǮȻô꣡

Լߵ˲䵹꣬ɫѿϽڰ֣
ⶼѾͷ˵˵ʲôգұҽ
Ѿͷô֪ģ
޵һ̧ͷͼⲻᣬԼŮҲվš
۰˶ʮĺӣһֲŵ
ûУбչ˾˹֪ˡõһĿڣԼֻʱܴ绰ǹ
˵ţ壬վšȥģԷյȭͷŴ򿪣Լָȥ
ʮָۡ
˴˵¶Ȳϴ˴ˣ嶨˶񣬼
Ҵ·Զƴʣµģһ·ʮ꣬ÿζﶼֻȡů
ƨҺóԺúȵذô󣬲ǽѪ˵ģ


58 
˵಻ԼĻ, Ҫȥ塣ֻǻû缸˾ͱǸŶׯС㷴ǽϡ
ϣϹͷӴ
˲۵ðҽС
ƣҵŮĸױ۸
Ⱥе, ǲŻعϽȥɫЩ
ϲɣĸˣŪ֮϶ᣡĸײ˵ģ
˵ţֿ壺壡ĸôС̵ǮأǼҪǧҲڵڻס
ǡЦһû, ñչ˾ˣſ϶Ϣ
˵ţ¿䣺
ЩļȫҰҺųԵķԶһٳʣµġ
㲻ϹҶ, ڷɲŲ鲻Ըѧ, Ӳѧӷ, ÿηѧҪȥϴ׬Ǯ
пһ, 㲻ܷԼȫȻпеڶӲȥ㰲ŵĵӳ, ǸУ㣬ѧѧɿڡ
ƽʱҷǴ, øĻţҺŲ, ֻǻӲǮȥҽ
˵忴Щֵˣţס˶ʮķƣʲôӡ
СǧŸҺıδҸո˵ģǧԺ󣬶Դ֡
ǧ򰡣
ǮһС˵ֱǸԶ޷컨塣
˳ЦԩͷȻϵǧ̣ʵ̫󣬸߸ϵǺ˲ͳ˵ײ㣬Ȼһᡣ
ٿǰֺСķӣţȦ
ѹǺӴСʹøƵġ
ѽ·ʲô˵СЩȤҲǹúܣ
Ҳ̫ĸˣ˼ҵǮզأҪǧҶܰڹţ

ۿΧָԼԽԽ࣬ƫƫԼѲôһСĽô
˵Ǻ˵˵
㻹ϣ
ЦǰתһҲֻһǮϣŵҩҵʣôǮױĶˣ
ԹӴôһǮ
ǣ쵽ɶҲɣôǮõȥˣ
ۿͨ죬˵˵űᣬίˣ壬ڿ˵ĸǮ˵ǮŵˣôǼʲôֲǲ
Ĭס
Ȼ֪ǮʲôطԼСи߶ս»ǼԼġ
˵Ǽĳϰؼʱ˺˾һε
տʼţĵ׵⣬Լ˿ĳƣľż˻С̵ģǰ
䵱ʱذһж˵˳
ǧȻӻһա
ǧһǮʣ
ʱƵĻȻ⣬ˣĪе£ȫƾϸҸñӣǮϣôǮһСسţ
״õЦ
Ȼûյ̡
ûײ߻ƣԭҲ´ġ
ϰ壬ŮҲ֪ǮȥĶ𴽽ǣƣƣĸҲûһΪж㡣
Ǯۡ
С㣬ʲô˼ס
ǲǮĶ𣿡õЦǡʱЩģȥһ¡
ԣͷõ
ǳϪǰЩ겻и¶ĳ𣿶ĳϰصҲ֪ʲôͨÿξҲ졣
˲ɷףһ˿ҲȻ޴ˡ
ǵϰúܣǸصĶĳϰأЩĳԽԽϰ׬˲Ǯɣ
ɴۣûУ
õ۵׺⽥
ǰЩӣԺͻȻӿһЩԭĵľ顣
ԭУ׼ԭʵǳڰ׼ҷϣǳԭϡ
˽ĳΥ¡
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֪ԼĸԺǰְ忿İѱλߣԾû㣬رô׷Ź䣿
ջǰЩ״и˹Ժճȴԭ
ǵģԭ
ԭͺͰ֥һǸ׵ԣͷԵ֪ν˿ȥ»ԼҴʲôӰ졣
һλŮĿ£Щ׼ҵ˲֣׼Ҿ㸲
׵ȴ𣬱һλŮӵլóԺúȵعš
ĸƻԭң³ɺ޶ѻһ飬ԭ֮ǰѾԭɱ
񻻳Լɲɾչ
õ𴽽ǣ
ûУø˵˵
˵ţ¿ɷһƣƣ治˼壬鷢Ͱ֤ύ˹һǶܿܰ˹
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ڿµðĸʰ·ˣʱ䣬סˡ
Ϫ߻ʵԶٹ໤ҲԲǧһǧȥ˴ϵ
¶ĳ񶼻͵͵š
Ҳð׼Һкܸϵô졣
ĸף𣿡
仰ƲŵؿԼĸף˶ڷ
ֱţԼĸ׾Ȼ£
ƣҪĸװҡͷСңĸʲô㻹𣿡
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᲻ᰡ
˳
˵ս£ǿǿмֿŶȣĳ󵨣Ҹ
԰ĳЩϰ忪ģƽʱˣҪǴϰܿٳ

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ΪҵŶɣ
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Ҳ֮ǰȰ
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ᡣ
Щ΢ƣҪƽʱԸһЩ
õ΢˹ǣ㲻ÿң
һ˲䣬ٴηСͰ׼ҵֻʵ̫ˡ񣬼ֱһģһ
ǻڵǱʲôţ鲼ȫ
һֺǿҵĳ嶯ѴСӵ뻳С
ݺ
ʶԷΪʲôԼ䣬Ƶġĸװ
Щ£Сȫٺһˡ
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ӦԼ뷽跨ӴСƵĳ谮ʱÿζǴСǷݳ谮Լ

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۷׷ʱͻȻͣصȺߵ档
ļҰɣλ䣿

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ԺȺֵҲŻؼңʹû緹һԹҲԱˣȥһ·¡
ң̱ڵأ޵˺ѷΡ
ұ⣬ǽ͵ðȥϲɷӦ죬ϵ˸ڵޣý˻飬һ˹æ
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Сʰǰ붼¡
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תݣСķƹҲ谵ӽ쿪ʼͿԴ뿪ˡ
Щһֱ뿪̫̫Ϳȼ󿪿ڣˣôˣ
忴أŸ𣿡
ʣ̫̫ЦһϿӶ뷨ҪŲѣﰡ
˴Ŀڣġ
ǰ
島˳ǡ
Ҫ뿪ԼŶʮûϲǾÿġ
ˣĻǿֻ㯡
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һǷоݣܿɰͽķ衣
ΪСֻǸԵСˣɽЩԥˣҲˡ
䣬أ
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һأʮ꣬ͽ̣̣Ⱳˡ
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̫̫ϰһڷԷԸͱͬõЩ̫̫Ե͹ȥ
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šͷҪвˣոͷʱźԼ˵Щ
תͷƳ۴С㣬ַɿƿߣ𹫿˿⡣
˵лл㡣
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һ䣬˼ûϵĿӣĬס̧ͷѾ侲
ţ֮ǰˣ汧ǸС㣬̫³çˡ
ûϵġõȵԭ̾Ͼ˭뵽Щѽ֪֪治֪ģȫ¹أ
⻰ָ˼ûӣֻܳ˳ǣͷĬĬǷ
˼ٷԵʳ֪ζʰΪ뿪˿С÷ܿҲ뿪
һӾֻʣĸˡ
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ǺͰСʱʶҼľӹһʱ䡣ʱϵã֪Ժ󲻸ˣûᡣ
ľӹһʱ䡣õüǾýС÷ѽӦ˵ѽýѣӦҪúдġ
仰˵˲²͸˼
ϲɳĬƬ̣ҡͷѾˡ
ʱְǮвòĿһУʵᡣ
Ƽȥ磬ĸһ겻סԺǱĸġ
ĸͰŵĸǶѣΪƢ̫ĸΪĳЩ±꣬ռңҲʶռҳİš
˵һɽݶŻ׵ı˼ҵĺӡ
ûŵʱ򣬾ѾԼ󼸸µСŮˡ
δˣĸµ߶־ͷۡ
Ǵѹŵͷʵʵȥռҡ
ֻǲŵſڣԼԼĶ͵͵شӳֱȥݡ
۵ƯСą̃ϣ˿ӳسš
һ
ǻ֪ʲôϲ̨֪СԼİš
ֻСδ̫һЩ
ǶԷһ꣬͵͵ȥ˺̨»õСͼͶԷѣƫƫĿˣŸ߸ϣ
ιø档
ٵİҲǰġ
Ļֻۿ

ĸ߸ϣŵİǴЩòģԾɸı䲻˶Էﻰ䵭
ʱȻãʵڵֲϲ׷һ䣺
ʲô֣
ûȶԷش𣬾һԺţЩؼңҵСܶˣҳһ
š
Сˡ
̾ͷӦǰλǱĸźԼȽ˺öİš
ԷòԼʣֻ󼸸¶ѣȴҪһЩ
ĺĸ˵ͨССͶׯǸ˼˰СŮ
֮ǰֻĸţɿԺˡ
Է㣬ҸԼԼҪѣȻӶ
ϲ˲仯߳ŭΪͰŵʽ¡
˴ռҵ˿ζ԰ŵĵִ
ֻżҹ˾ǻᰵϧ
ƫƫƫƫԷǰš
ƫƫٵǰᶥŰֵˡ
ռ̫̫ϾʹͰԱðŴ
һ٣Űš
׽Ū
ٽҪԼʱȻѹ͵͵ᡣ
ֻǰȴûκηӦһֱߣԷûκαʾٵٴ߳ŭ
ÿռҶȹѾܺܺƽദˡ
ٺҰǨռҸͰųΪͬѧȻȻӰ룬ѧһ顣
һֱУ˼֡
ͰŵĹϵѺۡ
ŰĵĴС
Ǳ۸˼ǰʱȻԥԮ֡
ʱϲѹûϵžµ˼ҵһ㣬ʼ𤸽Űš
ӴˣгС
˼ļͰ֮ܿ⣬ǻΪһЩС¶
˵ìѩƵԽԽÿһƱزɢͰŵһμ棬˶ֵúܲ졣


59 
Ը, Ƣ̫Ҳǻ, ˻ϻ˴˵˲ӵĻ
󣬰
ҪҲûеѵıҪˡ
ǻЩƲ˼ģΪ˼ĳΪԷηηϲڱ˱ְˡ
ƫƫΪƲϵ˼, Ҫ
ԣԺͱˣ
ɢһꡣ
عʱ򣬱ŤŤȥҰţȴռѾȥ¥գݶš
տʼʱ, ֪ŵĸĸ, ֻΪǰԼ, Ը⿴Լ
ռҼ, ĸӲǰؼң˵Ųٻˡ
Żţȷʵʧ硣
ȥ, һ˶ԳɳҲһܵȵͷ
, õζЦһ𣿡
ʲôһֱûİŷ¿ӣûǰһĿǰ, ǿԼĲߣƯĺϲɵķ򣬡ĺܾˡ
˶ֲһ䣺ҡ
õüϲɣýһ°ɣЩʱңº˵
˵꣬ļ磬ԷкԺŻ˷䡣
û֮ǰһͬסһ䷿һÿ˶һ䡣
ķǰĴ󷿣չ̫̫档

ܲһ̫̫ˡ
ڷϣóֻȦ
ؿĶ̬
ֻһż򵥵Ƭûκ֡
õ˲ֱƬϺȻǸѧУϪѧ
Ƭ棬յĵ޺ۣ
ôҲˣμͬѧۻ
㶣λŮȻʶ
ǲ˵Ƕʱʶ
õЩ
ʹŮľ鲻ϤȻŮƱţƺġ
ֽܺ׼㸲Ҳٲ
ûĸкý֡
Ʊػǣ㹻ĸ߹Ժ³
ĿͣڶԷһƬհ׵ͷΣȥ˸ŹȥѸٳء
žͱ졣
С㡣
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ϣ˼̧ͷϲɣżɽ
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ϲɺԥΡ
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ѹڶֻ˼˼ڰϣҸ
ҸõǺ˭Ҹ𣿡
ϲĬס
˵õƬֱ̣ӵ˼С÷ȥ¶Ӫĵط²ʲô
˵꣬ϸϲɵ顣˲һ䣬ЦڰýҲ֪ˣ
š
ϲûĬƵӦ
õ϶𰸣õȴǳĬȥˡ
ǸӣͲǸ֪ӳԺķӦ
֪£
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ϵͳԼ䲼ǰ˼Ŀɹ顣
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Ժȫǽϲ侲˼
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˵ţ̧סļѹ¿ֲǽңҲСѧôֱʲô𣿡
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ţ
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ԣĿ΢̬ܣ˶ԼһλʳĶȮƵģЩףǲ࿪ͷۡ
״õס°ͣһģˣʲôСƢѽ㲻
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ӲŸ˵꣬ͱҧһڡ
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ֵǣȥʱо˺ܾõذ׼Һֻһ֮䡣
ЩϤƯõζӳ¡
Ȼڻؼҵĸо
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һֱԼԼһ˶ֽƬˣƺǱĬУѾӰ졣
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֪ڱŤʲôǳԴˣԼʶһ㣬˵˼¿ȥĺ󱳺μ俴
С㣬һ¡
ԣͷ˵
õûü˵ͼֿߵʵʵ
ñϵ۾õЦŮǴӴ̳̳
ⶼܴϣ

õüۼЦ΢˵ſʦͲܻбʲô˼
ضĳ
ҲȥˣֱӿԼСľͷľգ˵ǰ˵ҰѳϪĳϰͽȥˣô
õκĲẦˣҲ֪ö˼ĺܺãҲΪˡ
Ϊ
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ıĽ
Ϊĳֶ˼һ˻ȥ
дá
ƽǰʻţĳѹ͵̻ɤ
ô𣿡


61 
õͷȻ
еҪԼĸ, ϧֻʺϲԼĵףΪѽ
Ѿȥô, ԴС˵ԭ򵽵Ϊ˵仰
սȭͷ
ϪһкֻһǴСΪ֯һΣУ޷԰Ρ
ڿ̻Ի͵ĽεʵָѸ˲˴岻״̬С
õʶСر̬ԺȻ˼
СԼԶû֪ĵطͺˡ
ԼǲǾԶˣ
ʲôأõǰ˻ΣȶԷˣŵ, ҲӦøѽ
о٣㿴ŲõѾץˣûŻذ׼ҡŵҽҲԼˣңΨһŮ, ҵֻ㡣
˵, ַ̧ࣺûڵֻϲ㡣
ɫ
̰ġ
ҪСԶϲ, ҪСֻԼ
Щ˵, ׵ָ侲š
һ֣õ̫⣬ڸװ
ԴϴηԼôᵱ˵Ů, ȥȡ˺ö֪ʶò˾ظһ, ôԼĻӦô䵭
һ룬ͼرƽԼ, һ㶣ʶһ˵ڳϣѵõǿơ
ѵˮ֮ǰǷԥصֿĳݹأ̽ԺûκηӦʱͿʼеعԳء
õϢ˲ˡ
ʶֵ̧֮䣬Сһ
̫̫ˣ
Ҫˡ
ûãѾ飬ʱȱðõ˶ģϵͳľʾ˲䣬ų׻عƿ
˳ĬŴϢ
[ޣΪУΨһһԶǶϢ]
ϵͳŸǷᡣ
õ˴룬ûӦѣʲôΪǲϢôܣ
Ӳ֪ʱѾͣ£ǰźͺ֮ĸҲ˾Ϣ

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С㣬ֱӽׯ԰𣿡
š
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⣬׷߿õõҵõõѽ
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Ÿȥͱ׷˸ŶԷһֱ˵Լˣõ̲סЦ
⼸ѩһֱţԵѹͣһȦ
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ǲһֱһ𣿡׷һԾû̫øС
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һɤ²׷ɫǵѿ
裬Ҹѽ״õЦеһŰ׷ˣһ壬һȥ
׷ɫ㻺
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õѹѹǣࣺǲУ͸Ķȥҿ϶ġ
죬ʲôҲû˵ͷš
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Ҫ㲹ҡ
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Ҷû˵ʲô˵ãõûסЦ˳壬Ұ˰
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ԽǺദԽǷԼľͺһƿˬѩ̣ǻ˵һЩһЩ¶ζȻ̵ðݡ
[ϵͳֻ󶨹һ]
ϵͳйоصش
Ȼ֪Ա֤ǣԼҵǵúܿ졣
ûס
ֵٶȹɲǼ¡
еˡ
˴̳õٿͨСоԵøⲻӦ
һСƳЦп֪Ҫʲô𣿡
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ϸŹԢȱĶ˶ͣ½ŲĿƵؿõ
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õоѩðˡ
䵽߲ζЩأûȥõ̲סü
ȻҲŵǹζ֪õϲתһ¡
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ͣͻ̲סҿ
ԱƷէһûʲôϸһƣŷֲԾ
ˬᱡ
һ
š
ָס
̲סƳΧٻͷ壬Էѡ߲ˣʱӦûô
̲סǸȥ
ǡ
ڷ˺ܶ͵ָףʲôˬ͡͡͡
һлŲСߡ
еĶУװϵĹʶ¶ǣί¶ǵؽ;
Ķ
õᣬҪҪ
˵Ļ忴ˣӦûԼɣ
ȥ˻
ԼͲʲô˰
ĬĬȥ
ԼһȥԵ̫Ｑ˰ɣ
Ͻջ
ŸջأͼһֻƯְԼеǿָһʶתͷ
ǿָ׿ۣѾˣͦ侲ϲ
գգۣ𣿡
Ĭ룬ָ׷ŽﳵӦ˾䣺ţԡ
õ
ԣȻԣ
ָָԱߵСߣأ˼
Щ¶ǵĹ弸Ҷ࿴̵ƵѸƿߣϲ
죬һ仰˺
ǣõɨһʵпʽҶͦϲġ

Ա·С˶̲ס࿴ۡ
˱ۣҴӻ˼һƳһǣõתߡ
ƫƫõίʣ㲻˵ϲ𣿡
ӶǺˣԻɰͰ͵ؽͣ´Σ´ΰɡ
һ䣬õͷ˿ļָ׺ͼСߣ۾˲ˣҲ˵ľεģ
彩ԭأ׳ľͷ

˵̨ʱ򣬹ﳵѾˡ
Աһһóɨ裬ĳƷʱٴǺ졣
Ӧ죬סõ׼ǮĶֵ
˵꣬ϴӶóǮ
ΪֽǡëǮԱǡ
һ߳Уϵǣݸõ㡣
㵱СͲˡ
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沿ʶ˽ݡ
Ь壬õ𣿡
û̧ͷԡ
㡣
˵ţõǷԼߣҧסһЩѾվ壬Ϻдţ

ɫ΢
õȻס֣ѹǰ΢΢ͷ
ֻƻĵ
ɫ԰סûйԥͷչȥ
˲䣬֮ȴõС
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ۣǿȥɡ
˵꣬õϽ߿ϵЬҲһ鳶ոոԼõЬߡ
ֻû뵽Ьô
ߵּžһЬֱӷ˳ȥžһɳǰ

ͷԼ۵ĽѾӣ˼ԼȱĹȥĻ棬׾öˣǻͷ壺
壬ҵı塣
ͼشŴӵðˡ
ѽбҲẦ
ǰõеø𾢣壿ҼЬѽС
û˵꣬˾ͱ߹

ͻȻڿʶֱסĲӡߵƽõ˼룬ֿܿʼˣôô壿
ⶼǵڶιˣݵģôô
˵ţչȥƯĴһڣţ㽱
꣬ȴͷԼһۡ촽΢ţƺּɵʲôѻ˻ȥ
ţ
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񡭡
õ￩һ
Ȼһ΢ƣ𣿡
õ
֪

Ÿ˵һ֣ĴѾѹ˹ס˵Ļ죬ؾͽ̽ĿС
ϴεļк׺ͬصǴɬͱ׾ܸܵƬСĳǳɨ
ɳ
ܵԷ⣬õյȭͷɿץֱۣ岻Ծȥ
ۣ׳ƬảС
ԼҲͦģ
ͷճ͸оĴ뿪ۣͼ涢Լڹ۲ʲô

δصʲ
ٴα˻ȥ
ȵȣոոòǿûбﵽɣ
õȭͷӲˡ
Ϊ֤ԼԣʵʵرѹɳʮӣſʱĴѾ鵽оԼ㳦ˡ
ʰӳĶϽȥԡҿԼ
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ң
ո⸱ģ屻׵ģ
ֻڣƣ۲٣ɵ۾ϾˮȻúףŲ֪ʱմϵˮ⡣
ĵİ
⾹Լ
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׵Ĵ˲䰼һС飬գգۣԼȻûĶ
ոջ˿ġ
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ⶫĻ񫣬һոմݽڣഥʱĳ
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ȥԼԽԽ
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嶯һ٣ͷƳ۱סԼ˫µ֣򴽣һ£ܿͺá
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иӾµӡһŮϵļͥУ˫иԵĹӵĹҪһЩ
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С͸ųԡ
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õԹڵϣ㶹
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˵һ˾һ³õȻ裬ܿ죬һ˷

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˵ĵһźɴ˲
õԾûųԷǵͷѡȦƬ
Ҫˡѡ


62 
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ŸոĵһƬ, õͷ۵ġܺÿô죿ϴļţ
ΪʲôȦֻоŹʮ˹̲סգĥ죬ֻͻȻߡ
ôˣõһ£ôֻˣ
Լ࣬ѵǿƣȳԷ
̫ÿԷģԵø⶯ˣѹ᲻þܾ
ðɡ
õֻ̧ʵʵȳԷˡ
պܺ, ֻΪԼĲ룬ͨļҳСˣȴⲻһ
õҪƽʱ԰뷹
꣬Ѿŵò붯ˡʰ꣬Ҫߣһϡ
, ̬ȼ, ǰƳ˳
ҿϴɾġ
ΪԼ, Ͳű֤ˡ
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ռ϶ڿݣСĿȾԸ񡣴СأϲƵððʧʧġ
ⱲΨһһʮꡣ
һƯ˿ǸʱСﶼҲ⡣
û뵽ԼԺŪ䣬˿㱻ƮߣһӾ͹ϡ
ʱߣԺûˣԼȥ
Ҳȥɹõ˿Ҫȥʱȴ⡣
ȥʱҪõԼĶûȥ󿴹ҪȥʱһͷͿԼĸ߶ȣһƬѣΡ
ƫƫ绹󣬴ҡҡλΣŵ˺رҪޡ
ʱϲɳˡ
СⶼǳصѵñϲɷֲһϲɵһʱǸеϡġ
ת˺üȦ̾һ䣺ðţصÿһΪСأû뵽ҲƵģ
ӣϲǰ
԰ûй¶ԼСС͹侲Ҿϲôˣܻѹʱǽѹ
Ҳ֪ʱϲûУ֮ԷԴܾá
Ȼչ˫֣ðɣҽ㡣


64 
Ů, ɾƯŰ߲ӰŹ, Ƕӵģʱȴò񻰡
չ˫۶ʵаȫС
ϸ룬ϲɵϲžǴǻʼİɡ
һԾ£Ǹ˹ȥȻֲûԼʱá
ѧУλԱ
һˤȡ
һѹ֡
ڱ˴и飬ǶξجΣ˻Ľ
Ϊ, ʱϲÿμεʱ򶼻Եø顣Լϻһ첲ҪˣΡ
ôô̰һˡ
ΪÿȥͷĹӣҲΪ£ԴӴҪȡ
, ȵǺˡ
۾Ͷȴ⡣
ֻʱǨ, ԼߵĻԼ, Լ۾, ҲԼĶ䡣
ǰڣԼһжԹϲ, ϲɸöԼ
ѡ¡
Ҳʶ˲壬¶
ûҪΪԼǱӵ̰ϲɹ١
֮ǰˡ
ϲû䣬ԾǵǸɾŮ, ֻ
˼ȫǰҿĿ죬¶Լ벻
˽¶˼ġ˼, ȫ˺ϲǰ
ʹӣ֪˾ǷˣԼڹȥܸı䡣
ڶˡ
Ц
Ҫڣä˶ǰд
ţʵҺ˺ܾãʱһ᲻ſվ£
̸ǶιŽë΢̧ǰʣԣ𣿡
վΪ˽ѹ֡ҲΪٵź׷
ûС
дúܿ죬ܴӱʷܵԷ
Ĭס
һ룬ٴγ֣
ʵ㰡ǲزסԼĿ־塣Ҳ
д꣬ϲֱסţΪڲصúܺɵϡ
ʮ꣬һܽԺӣͿ˹򶨣ȴǿƲסİš
úݺݳЦһͨġ
ԷССȴǹСˣŰƽʱǲԸ߿Լһۡ
ǻȴֻСè˫ֽɣǳӱʾֻѹ
ʲô˵ʲôһѡػء
ŷΰεģŵɫɷףɫҲÿĶȥ¶Էˡ
չŶͷڱƤͳصС˰ֻչ˫֣ŶԷ
ϧ߹Լ
ֻŶԷֻСèһΣգȴԼͶԷͬ䣬ҲǸС
ƽʱٰҲô㡣
ûţ˫ˡ
һأԾɻչ˫ֻۡһΣŬԼվȣҪŬԼǿ
һѹ͵
㲻֪Ϊʲôôһֱ
һ䣬ŵĺݺһи²⣬ȴ죬ֻ࿪ͷ
Ϊϲ
ԷĴȴԹԵд
Ҳֵϲƫͷ÷ɿ죬۾ȴЩɬ̫
һж̫ˡ
䣬äͳһ֣
ֵá
Ҳϲң
д꣬ϲֳһĨЦҲ˼ڲʱӶԷУ֪ʱİϲԼ
ʵ̫ź
ôհǰ˺󣬻ֿԸд
ָ̧ڰϣԷûж㿪ûзԼǾ仰
ϲɡսȭͷǶСˣҲǵңǸмˣвȱ飬кӣвõҶС
һ˵ⷬʵڲס֪ʵ
ҿ۾ҲĶ䣬ʵĺܣţûԹҪǵС
Ҷ£ںʲô
˽ԷϲȻ֪Լܴ˵š
ź죬˵ԼĲȱȴӲԼǵС
Ҳǡǿ
һɣԡ
Ծ͡
ͷʱֹסüҪȥġ
ȴϲס
ã˵ġ
ϲ۵Цҵŵʱ̫Ժʱ䣬վڰǰΪڷ絲꣬ܵ˺
ĳ嶯ǿҡ
ţäд:

״һ㶣ʶһȴ֪ʲôʱȻվ¡Ӧܾ̾ģ߾Ȼ˵ڡ
Ŵֲڵɣϲɵ
ǵ档
С
ϡ
΢΢ۣ
΢֦ζ¼ƬҶӣƵڶ˽űߡ
һ졣
*
õӵ˼ĵ绰һҲϡ档
һߣ󿪿:ⲻС𣿡
С㡣˼Եαؽ˸ϾɱҲû㡣
õü:˺ҵļˣû
Цˣ״С㣬Ҳῴһäķ
ãõЦЦ͸ЩٿʱѾ⣬˼˭汾Сã𣿡
绰ֻΪ㼸䣬ڿԹҶϵ绰ˣɲֵ˷ѿࡣ
Ӳ˼Ǳ߱ȥ:СҴˣ㿴չ˰ôķϣðְɡ
ģ
õ̾Ϣһ:˼㶼˵ҲذţôΪһΪչͷŹأ
˼ǱĬ
ڰõҵ绰ʱ򣬶ԷЦһ:õŪ˺˼ǰɣ
ǻС
˼ǱҭסòٴɢˣصشԼľ棬׻ѡʾ:
ô࣬޷̫Űˡ
ô㣬£ˣֻ̫ûȫУԼ߶ѡ
һλɣһúöġҲкܶûֵļֵҿΪ׼¡
ͼֵ
õ˿ûб򶯡
˼ڵļֵҲǸһٻְɣ֮⣬Ҳ˼ϻʲôֵ
˼󣬼Ȼ֪ԷˣͲȥ졣
ڵöýǸģҡ
˵꣬õԥعҶϵ绰
Բɣ˼ѾͰ飬ʣµ̫ࡣϾϲɺͰŵ飬иԵ⣬Լ̫෴ӡ
*
õΪˣԼܺԼᣬʵϣ죬õûܳš
ԭֻΪ׷˴ҽǶ֪һǴǵ塣
ʲôࡣ
Ϊ콵£᲻ܡ
ôһ飬쾹ȻҪϦˡĵһϦ
԰ӶѾڸϺͺӣſķΧ
Ű׷˰˹ҵõæ˾͵
⼸Ȼк죬УǶû˾Լᡣ
õȥԼᡣ
Ϊˣȥ幫Ԣ·ϣԼṥԡ
󣬰ѵص㶨ֳ
ֳһȦϻȥӰԺӰ
뵽õ˲ۺЦֻڿԢ¥³ĳϤӰԺЦʧ
ͣá
õûųȥšü档ӦǸմɫǺܺãվߣһ·¥ǰ
ǸʦŮˡ
¥ӰۣǻһŻ𣬵ȻǼɵ
Ӱ׼ҺҰ룬ƺԾɸı䲻Ǿϵľ档
û¥˹صš
ԼĪķӵӣӰ֡
Ŀǰ¥Ժˣõ΢ɣҡ³ͷ̽ȥඡС㡣
Ųͣס
һͷͿ״СƯü̧ųǱߵķȥ
ллСѼ΢ƸңСԷѽ
ʶ裿
Űõ˼룬΢ӦİģƫƫЩϤĸо
ҼͬѧҼĸֿõЦϴͬѧۻҲȥˣûпС㡣
šͷǸڰġ
ڰ࡭
ԭڰ໨㰡õȻƬαȴδ˵ĸڰ໨ԭҲ
Ǹȼ軹תѧĸڰ໨
Ůˡ
ȻС˵СʱȻʶ
Сң˵ţֳŰõ߽мСʱһȥ𣿡
ڶμ棬ͻʵԼˣ
õƤһոҲǿûĸһȥԡ
̧ͷſʦ䴽ܾ治˼ŮԼ
𣿡˿ʧ·ϿС·߲̫뽫ҽԺСֻؼҡ
̫
õ˲ü
ûʲô˼Լ³ллС㣬ûʲôµĻҾȥˡ
˵꣬ͷתͳһȥ
ֱȴ߬ס
˳ֻץԼ·ֿȥС㣿
Сʶһ˺񡣡
⧲ôһ䣬õڵ÷ɿ졣Ŀٴͣϣһһϣ϶Էĺ
𣿡ʣȴ油һ䣬ʵСҲҵһλ˳ú񡣡
˵꣬濴ķӦ
Ѳʦ
̽ʵС֪ҵʲô𣿡
֪ǷǴԼһ仰ʳڣͿ۾һ
ʲô˼
Ѳʦ
ĵ׵ĲξˣԾɲɫС㣿
شĻˡЦһһõ´μɡ
˵꣬ߵøɴ䡣
ʲô˼
õüͷ
һ룬ֻ𶯡ͻȻ绰
ո˵岻£õûٵһһ߽ͨ绰塣
绰һ˳Ĭ˺һֻ
壿
Ǳ㿪ڣСˡ
𣿡õ˵ų˵ţ̧壬˻ûһžͱ򿪡
õͣڿм룬ϴЦ壬ֲʵ
˵ţ߽￴̨
Ȼſš
ϵЦ˵绰ִڶԷϣҺ죬ˣ
ֱ̧סõ֣ͷ׵ʲô
УϵģؼҰõգգۣҪǻȡֵŮѣѾˡ
õһᣬĿ΢٣ҲʶЩףͣż
ոڸҽ˵ţõ岻¡
ȴԸ϶ģֻ˵ûԣЩѪǡ
õĬ룬ϵͳͬһܶһ𣿡
[ԣֻͬһ]
Σ̫ˡ
õѹŲȸһ˸
Ȼα겻α
ø壬Ȼʱ䳤Щ⣬ݵԺһѼƻ̲ס
ҪȥһҽԺɡ
á
ҡͷѸתƿ⣺ôˣ
⻰
ôôζأ
Լû壬ûϰߣ壬Լ뿪񲢲ʲôӰ졣
뵽õüġ
ӭ
˵ţɳ£һ־ϴʱΪɳϿĶ屧ԹɳȴѾ˺üë׵Ŀɰ
뵽̨
Ȼԭŵ̨Ҳ˸Σڷżֱ治ʲôƷֲֵ
ջĿ⣬ͷ壬չ˫ۣҡ
ЩǿƵĲݾܾƫƫõܾ뷨
ûԥعȥ뻳
˱ǵһ˲⼸Ī˲õóʵ
̧֣΢ɲõͷ
𣿡
ǰõ
Ĭס
֪˰õ㲻롣

ҲԼ
۵һ˲ʶȥԱߵλãڴ·ʱʶȥðõϲ·
ڸʱܻʶضһЩֱǲ
ԢҲŪİģ
ܿϵĶ
ô˵ûõ𰸣õĲֱȥҧ°ͣû𣿡
˵Щˡ
ҧһȻпȣ°һݵӡ
ۡ
õû°ϵӡûУ
̧Ŀⶨڰõϼ룬رƽԷõȣѹɳŰƿȥԥסõ
ϵһ˲еһк˴𰸡
˵ġ
Ȼ롣
ֲľͷ
ϵ
ᣬ۾ڶԷ£ĥ˱˴˽ŸԵϢ
һˣëۣײõ纣С
ԽԽˣ塣
õ̧֣סĲӺʮָգһѹ¿ԼһߺŶͷ
ѧϰǿѽ
𣿡ȥڲŷЩơ
õȴûش壬Լң𣿡

崹ϸ룬ֳ̧˰õһֻѹԼǰúܿ졣
żҾӷǿо˳ŽĴ˹
õĬһûǰһǴչȥڶԷδɢһǣ
ðɣұˡ
ȴס
壿
Ǻ
ϲ˵ͶãɸոԼ𣿻˵Ϊǣ
ȻõϲĻ
Ժ˼ɹûüڣõѾ˵һ䣺㿴Һܺúɣ
ĴСֻҪһǾܷذըëƽȷʵϺú塣
ͷš
ѽԺҲ˵ʱҶһľͿԣȻƢãʵǺܺúġȻҪǲˣҲ㣬ô


65 
ڸϵ, õʵúܿ
ȻѡȥƱػⳡ, ǵ档
ȻˣȻҪ
ҪߵƱҪݣõġ
ϲΪһʱ֮ͰŴô¸˾ӡ
ǰš
Ҳϲɡ
áͷʵõú壬Ҳġ
ڵİõǶõˣؿԷԼεϲ
ڶԷϲؿԼģ
ԵѰõñ˿ȥˡ
Ǹ
ոõ, ץŰõĶܿƵؼء
˻
һ˼
΢΢ۣʶԼץ˰õϽ֡ɰõϻһɼָۡ
۵״Щңȥҩࡣ
״, õϽסò, ûô󡣡
仰ȴûκŷ, ״СⱲӼ˵, һ
׻Ǽҩࡣ
װõĿ΢ôϴ֣
ŵҩǰ׼ҵҩ࣬ͬѧۻͿ֡
Ǹ㲻ϲ
強Щĸҩ, ͿĨڰõϡ
ϸƤְףܿϸ硣
õ˵Լ, ʵԼҲûֵȥ
㻹Ϳҩ𣿡õʣûֲ, š
ԣ΢㶡
˺ܾãһˡ
֪ʲôԭйڼǶμһ˰̣ÿÿǶʱ⣬Ժ˺ۡ
еġͷʵʵ˵ǰͿ
Ǻͼһμʱ
£Էˣ·硣ΪһѹԵĶ򣬵û뵽ƾնһˡ
ʱļ費оԲš
뵽ʶõ
ʵõʱļ
ʱļתѧûãԶ˭֪ǰ˴ýҽԺﻨ˴ǮƽԭѧУȴգֻܻصڵء
ԼǵõʱļóһǦʵСϱ鵹ǲףֻЦųǼ˼䣺
˼ûûصģѪǲҪ˾ͺе
˵΢٣ųЦϵģʵһǺܰϧλġ
Ǽ۸˲ˣӿ
Ǽ˹պõڵصǰЦͬѧ㳤ÿÿԽ𣿡
Ȼӵ˾лҪߡ
ƫƫʱļ費֪ΪʲôͻȻ
˵ԼϵľΪ˾ܵģҪᷳȥҩ֧ҩԷ
ʱļ趢Ƭֻ̣ҪͿҩ࣬Ͳˡ
һΰͿҩࡣ
Դûܹˣ£ͷȴͻȻЩۡüͷԸ롣
ƫƫõͻȻԼ˲ȤüǸˣ
ˡ
ˣ
õüɲô
巴ʣ㲻ǲϲ𣿡
˰õߵǷǺڰףֻ޹գգۣϴŲ죺ôأͬѧҶϲġ
Ҫ׶õ˵Ķ嶼Ҫˡ
˵ϱúܲҡ
Сľż͵͵ȥףɴϡ
õĽС㣬ôܰ˴Ǹӡ
ƫƫջһҧԼˤһӣ˿ûõһ䡣
Ҳ֪ǱõǮ򣬻֪˰õݣǡ
ˣ֡
ãһۡȷ֣Ƿѿļˡ
ļ衢ļ裬оԲļ衣
ΪԸ仯󣿡
š
Ϊһˣڼ賵Ժһֱظ롣Էһıϣڱ˴Զ˺ܿͬİ··ϲкİˡ
͸ʲô𣿡֮ǰ˵Ǹľżˣõ̧ϸϸ
ԿԼ仰Ժգ˺ü۾
š
𰸺ˡ
ûС
˵꣬࿪ͷûҺͰõӣʵ̫顣
ֲʵ
õһô찡
⵽Ϊֹ
û塣
ǵ»ڡ
ȻֲȥҽԺõûֻǵ׻Ƿȥֳļƻ
ȻѾܰ˺ܶĹԢ壺ҪϦˣ㲻ü𣿡
׷ǺӹģһޡǸ磬ƺҲʮͳա
ÿߣСﵽζ˵ĸоᣬǾø塣
룬ֵʱ԰Žӹһꡣ
𣿡̧
Ȼԣҡû뵽廹ûԼõЦãǰѷ֤ûд֣
Ȼˡ
򴽡
ֻǾò̫ʵõԼϲ翡
д֣ζʱ԰ɨسţԺһɢҲġ
õڸϸͣΪ˿ŶȸһЩ˸̫ӡ
һɢ
ƮƮĸȴļһһ۰õȭͷս
˻ȥߣͣȥ·˳˲ٳζĶ
˵ô꣬Լȴͷһء
ѸֽóշŵϣѾĬ齺
ڱͿĨһõֽϵһߡ
źʵλãͷ壺𣿡
̧ͷϸƬ̣߽ЩŰõ̧֣м俿˿ŵһЩ
һ齫ɫĸֽá
нŲõʶͷһİ̡
ӴСð
ﶼøƵģ۾ˣĿһֱڰõϣʣ̸𣿡
˲һ
ͬ¥̣˵иŮһֱû̸ӼĹܻʼ䡣
˵ĵһ棬ԷѯԼ
һֱϸϸŰõʶõķ򿿽һ
Ůѡ
˵ǣõ֣ǺԵչʾȨ
õĻͶ˼룬ųЦݣ˲С˰ϣ
ѽ̣ʱϲǡ
˶ÿøƵģһ԰䡣
Ͳסһ飬Ҳʲôˡ۵״ЩģϵɹЦ治˼Ҳ֪¹ϵ
ûϵ
˵ţֲδɿĿԾǴЩ
ĥ˼룬ףǾףǰͷϣͬġ
лл
Ƚݣõϸϸ弸룬ЩɶԷոڳԴס
װ£Ȼ꣺壬֪𣿹ʱҶҪȥݼҴŵġ
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򴽡
ָԾ
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̧ѹסõŪ֣ŰõҪȥ
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õɲһζֺø£ҪϢѽ
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ҲϵĶֱƵԷϣ·棬ĦŶԷϸ
ӯӯһյУɢ˿˿¶ȣĴ̰
˵ĺ΢ҡ
ĶӸտʼģжαװһ֮ǰǴһףõһֺҪӶߵĴ
ʵ֮ǰв
ʵⷽҪ׺ܶ࣬ôľͷһˣȥɬԺռɣӵס
տʼһģһʱˣ׻¶š
ȡðõмܲסһᷢ飬
ǰ΢ЩõĿ̽Ѱ𣿡
ʲô
õ׵ԺѾ쵽Ƕˣͣ£㶼Ҫᡣ
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⣿
װùԢʱѾ磬׷˴˼绰ߣõҪȥ£ȴ𣿡
ţ
ŶԷĪ˫õ΢ͷӦ£ð
ûðõƺ뿿ðõ⡣ԴˣõЦҲȥˡ
Էϻ˼ҲûҪܾ
ߵ㣬˰һƿ֮ǰõĺơ
Ⱦƣõü壬Ⱦ𣿡
䣬˴𰸡
Ȼᡣ
һԼʱ򣬾Ǻ˾׳˵Ÿҹ
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ǿӰ, ôܸŮ棿
ǰõ, ͵˵ⳡӰģû뵽ǡ
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ľģκ˶ı䲻ˡõ̾壬Ҫľ͵Ŭȡľ͵üᶨҪΪκ˻ҡڲ
ҡٿʱѾ΢ڰõĽǶȣۿͨ죬ίϱŰõȴء
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ľż˵ԭ黹ӵӱܣʱȫԼȴУľԱ
һ䣬õ΢΢˵ľ룬ϴ棺û˻ںֻ¡
˵΢٣һĨЦң㲻Լϲͺˡ
ı飬õĵ̾Ϣ
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ģҺԶһӪ統˵ģϲҲϲôͬĶҵĶûܴҵĶ
˵棬Ŀ΢䡣
û뵽һСȻô⡣
ȥһ·õ˲١
˷䣬ؿԼһظı⣬ĬŽԼѾ˼ѧ⿪
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СסС㣬ҪЩʲôѽ
ȥ׼ȥ׼õɨһۣܸɾ͸ɣܸҾСȥɡ
״ССޣС˲䲻ҶʣϽͷܣȥ
С뿪ߣõ
ãóֻϢ
С㣬ҪѣͱٷĶ
вҲǾ档
շ꣬žͱ죬С޵õ񣬽˽
С㣬ҵüĿˡ

֪ΪѧϰŬõ´˼춼ûȥǶֻֻʱʱϢ
׼ΪɹŻԺİ㰲࣬Ǹӣûþԭα¶ܰڡ
ϲ㣬˶˵Ľɫʰ㼸أ԰ŵһӾˡ
һĸŮТܰ档
õԾʱʱطȦ΢տʼʱȦ˵ޣڣۡ
Ȼ΢ǷҲ졣
ѧǰһ죬õʰöԼƬվ̨Ż԰Ƭϴ΢
װװװףҪѧ
ûã۵ĶЩϡ
ܣ졭
պҪֲ裺԰Ҳ졭
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С㣬ǼĿ
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绰ϵ
аŮһߣȥұŮ˵˵أ
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ﵹ׼ˣ岻һϲ
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[ϣϣ]
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תһ룬־ŮôԼ˲ģ᣺ǺӣȻԼĸ׺趼š
ѹֻ֥÷¶Щ˼Ͻ塣
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İ֮ǰõȫûԼΪһôֵֹ
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69 
ֲ̫˼ؿõ:֯ĲǺܺÿ, ȥĨ߲ŲӦͦˮġ
, õˣ
ȥŲ廹˵óڡ˵͸Լϣվǰ󷽷ôÿɣ
ɫΧĵðõĿ
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涼һЩСߣǾϲ
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, ˾ȻҪͬˡһ뵽, ̲סš
Ϊʱ䲻, ڶҪȥѧУõԵ
вٴѧʳҲ, ٶȺܿ졣ûãҵķϾͰ˳Եġ
ϵЩۣõóֻ˵ֽһͼƬ, ༭İ
װװװף쿪ʼ͵øŮѷֿѧˣУʹXnX
ϼҵˢ΢ʱ, ۿ̲סٴκˡУԵôۣ״СڶЩ²ԼһӦ
ûİ״СȻΪֵز
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û¡ҡͷǿżһĨЦϽ㣬ллҡ
ҵǮ类ԺᣬԺסȫ⣬Ὺѧѧѡ
ʱϱų֣֮ʽԮ
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õ
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˵ţѩ櫣೤ѽ
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Խһѧڣͬͬѧϰһһ֡
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Ϊͷ

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[ô뷨ϵͳ֮Żﻥصԭ򣬾ѹե]

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ʱС޵ϢͻȻһѹõ΢ء
ֻڴ̫һʱزꡣ
ߵʦȻúܿ죬Ǳȴס˽ţõǳرʾԼһҲչ˺Լ
ûΣõ˹Ԣ
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˽һСʱʱ䣬ѼشŹһ顣
ƵҪйڼڳϪѧƬΣǳǰǶʱ䡣
ſ꣬õĬһ
ݹȫֶƬһЩƬͻᷢԼЩƵġ
˵һЩӦϰߣˡ
ĬƬ̣ԼļƬϵͳǵƬά𣿡
ϴνƬʱЩңϵͳ˵ƬάôȥҲ˵޸ɹ
[Ѿ޸ɹǷѡ鿴Ƭ]
ɡ
õɳһüȾЩ˼ڼ裬ֶǸľżˣܣ˽

壬ôױ۸Ժûҿô죿
һͷ̷Ůϯ̨Ե˻ȣЩյӡ
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ĩԵݣԴ˶򵥵һ˶ȴЩѡ
δӴࡣ


70 
û, ûгأҲû, ÿΣ򶼱ߣѵĻҲûС
ѧҪĩԵۺϳɼ
ֻ˶ؼԺ󣬻صѧУĬĬš
ֻû뵽衣
򶪽΢ûб۸
ӦǼһߡ
õۣϸϸؿż衣˵Ǿ䡰л괩鷢ػڶߡ
Ե޹ʸԼ˵ЩǷʲô
УԼ͵ļô, ûκβ
ϵͳĸԤԼ´ˣ
ҽԺ۸ʱԶѧѧǸã޵ÿһЩ϶ϧġ
ϻһŭҲ޵ġ
ѽ˭֪Ժأֻ˻, ϴЦ
һ, ҪôԼǿ, Ųÿɫ, ڰҹŸ͵͵򡣡
ҪôʾȻʾᵼֽ, Ҫôñ˸۸㣬Ҫôϧ㣬һʹ˵ĵĳɷˡ
, ĵ𣿡
˵ţ廹ڲ֪ƣͶ, Ա߷ŵʳ϶
ѧԣ
ոռ˵ĵĺ仰Ȼ̵壬תͷ裬ûʳȳϣֹڵء
״Ŀ΢١
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û𣬿˼ٴΰӡ
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ðǸҲԣȷʵ¡
ϵĳأû˵ʲôֻǼظͶļ
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[ϲɹڰǰѲϸCPбֳڣCPƵϲֵΪ㣬1000]
[һ񣬼⵽ǻаĵһΪṩѡ
1.صԭ磬ӵһ߽ԭݻȥ
2.ѡϵͳϿڣһ鴩Խѡݻȥ
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ڵһνϵͳʱ⵽Ըǻصԭ]
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[ϵͳҪѡһ磬ϵͳδȫĨļ䣬ϵͳԤbug]
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һѿǣٶһһԤξ͸Űɡ
[õģԤξݿѡȷԤ]
[һɹͶ]
ҵʣӦùһһӵ츳ͶϵͳˣҶһһϵͳͰװ͸ľżô
[ⲻҪ]
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ʣл֣һһԷߵϵͳ̫ܲԼͿԡ

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һֱԼıȦ˰õ޷Լİµġ
𣿡õЦⲻ䣬ͷ壬ûҲûгֻΣԺѽ

ʽѧǼ죬ݵæµõûʲôо
׼˳ѧУͼݺʳöǰ׼һǮģõΪ׼ҴС㣬ȻȻܵŴ
ڣԭȥȱ˴ѧڣѧУʦҲӲʡ
У԰µѡڼõܿ췢˸Ϥס
Ʋ֪ʱҲμôμӣƱһӾͳ嵽˵λá
źգõü

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ǸƯ㲻ѧУİɣǰôû죬ĺϲ
ѩϲģõĬ˼롣
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Ů, ֪ôܻӭ, ֪屻, ƾԼʵв˱졣
Ůûвõ仯, ڼ˵ţ
ⶼʲôǰʱѧУμӾȥ, ܶ˶˵սʤ񻰣Ц˸ɣһ仰Ҳ, ֱӰѽ˻
ϵĽڶмӣʵҡ
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ѹ˼ɫСڣģ
ȻǣŮϴŵ⣬ȰõһͲһ䣬׵ģ

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Ů˲ǵͨ죬ҪߡûƶԷ
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Ϊиոһ磬Ȼ˿˰õײҷۣ±ʦſ۷֡
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72 
ͼ, Ͼ̫Σա
ȻǼգɲڶ²ˡ
ඪ
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šӦ, ȴûɿɱȴ˯ɡ
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˵ţ¶ĺӶ߸´ˣôʨӴ󿪿أ
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ûע⵽ıЩѿ߶߶˵ţ
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ŮѽôϲҼұǸŮʲôźҲû˿ҪˣھǮ޹ʵʵӦ
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۸̶ִ
𣿡
ʲô
һˣ۵ϵı䵭ҲҵŮڻǰҵĺӣҲί
˵꣬һžһݺ˦š

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Ÿײ˭
ԲѾ˵ᣬڵӴἦƵģ
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һʱ֮ҲԼѾ뿪ң򶼲֪ĥõ
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ǰҲΡ
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У԰аһõһУ԰Ļᡣ
ϵ̨¼СƵԵõһʲĳ͡ңվһŷֳƹѡ
ɢɢ˵Ҳʮ
ǰ˵㲻ʲôڵ˵ѩ̿
壬Ǽһ
㺦ҼҳӣҶûй㣬һ涼
㻹ҵĴС㣬ЩҶԲƽϣֻҼһ̸̸
⼸仰Σۣûаõڣ׵Σϸָڼô

Щ£ǵ˵
Լһ̲꣬AB֮ʳ֣嵽ʱѾǶˡ
ѾһûԷʱǲԼͬظеԷİ
϶˼ͳ죬һ֮ǰɫ࣬һɳ
ǵģǳ
Լ£ۿѾˣϵֽ߬˳ǣ
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š
⵱Ȼɵģֱ⣺ʲô£
һɵӣƱ˲һᣬίòУ׻ǿ޳壬𣿡
Ҫ
Щ鶼ĸ׸ɵİҵʲôҪң
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ĸҲûʲô캦°ҲŶʮ겻𣿡
㺦ڹ¿һˣûй㣬ҲҪ
̧Һ㣿
ѵ𣿡廹ϣҧ㣬ĸôܻᱻץ
˵ԼĸףøӿǶ˵ĸⱲӶˣҵҲˣֱ֪ϵҵӰж𣿣
ֻȱٴѣڲǻúܺ𣿵ĸ׵һӣԺҹҲܼѡ
µĿߣ巴Ӧƽƽϵ̲һڡ
ƲŵصɴۣҶôˣ㻹ȵ̲裿
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ⶼɵİ
ң
島˳ǣ䵭ϴЩЦЦ
ƣĵ㾹Ȼĸ޹İ
ĸסʶҪʲôϴЩڣǣС̵ıգСԸİǼûŵ
ңĸ׵ӣˣ⳥϶Ǹĸ׵ģ
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Сֵ㹻ѹ㣬Ҫˮ˵ͷƳ㼸䣬㣬ңζ޹أͬҲûйϵԺҪҡ
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Ϊһ⣬ȴڳбҵ죬յ˵죬֪ԭƿţҵḶ́ǹƸԼġ
ʧڽ䱸ΪʩԼһͶԶԷ޷
񻹼ǵʱȥƣԷǸ⣬ֱ׳س
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ôȥûһ仯Ծǿֱ׳ñΪǡ
Ϊ̺ƣĩò졣
ϻŰõζֻ˯һȴĶǹɵĹ㡣
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Цų
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ͷ
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ʶԼıŮõԷͬȴ⧲ؿԷ۾

ֻһġ
ôŮôŮŮԺ󣬾Ȼ趼˲ˡ
衣õ׷ˣۿģʶͣס
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ֻһŮġ׷Ծɰ׵ȻɢЩ
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ˡ
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׷˴ʼնϲһֱ
㵱ڻǰ𣿡׷˳˳ǣ֪˻ΪҼӶأ˷˵ģҵǲһУ
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׷üŰõʣ⺢ӣѵҪǼٳһĸͷżҵˣ

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ϸһԼԺͷżңԼؿշ
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Ȼ֪岢һֱô䵭붺ԼرһЩ
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һͷһȡ
²ι𣿡ס


73 
ȻǡõѸٷ, ִ̧˴Ĵɫ, ¼䣬ֻڴϣʱ򣬵Ȼ

Ѹٴں졣
˱ۣõ
ôˣõɴۣ˵ֻܰҳԸĨιҳԸѶԸ⣿
˵ţżᴥԹǶ
ѱ
õü
Ƕۡûջȥ, ˳ֽõͷ쵽ᣬ𣬰õ
𡭡
õѵ죬Ϊʲôôյһ仰, ˵ô˰
Ҫ, ͲǰõˡǴչȥ壺Ҿѽ
޼ɵ, ·, 岻Լζ޿֡
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õ۵׵ЦԼó˸˹ذ, ˵£ôˣ
ˡ
ѵĶһ١
õ̧ЩԼģţ
һ̧Ϳ۾ɫգգۣôкȦˣ
, ˯š
ԺȷʵӶǰõ, ѹ˯ž

ԷֱðõЩӲסĿţؿԷԼʱ۵ײزסİ⡣
ǴʲôʱʼԼ⾹ôŨˣ
Ĭ룬ְ̧ɣԺҲҪǵһֱҡ
΢Ĺ
ԹԳԵ
ʵ˰׼ңǿ׷˲̫ÿɫԺʶԼͻȻ׼ҵΪЩ嶯
һΣŻǻ
ͷŰõƯСָĲ̤ʵɢȥ
Ǹܲ
ԸȥĹȥ
ȻͰõһ𣬿ɾ塢ֻţԼץס̫Լߡ
統ļ衣
ҪԼѣԼЫҲ
ôˣ岻˵ֻԼָĿ΢ΪڰʾԼֲ˼ڣʣ㡭Ҫ𣿡
岻ɵ÷˼ԼԼˬˣûչ˵塣
ﲻɵЩ顣
ûС
ҡͷû뵽ܰѻյԥ룬ʣ𣿡
Ȼ
õúԥ
԰ӶǣŵɢעȻȥվ̨Ͽš
״õҪȥ͵棬Ҳ㡣
һһ𡣡

õ׵飬ƿĿ⣺ֻֻȥɡ
˵ţϽóֻװؿš
徲룬ͷãȥ·Ϣҡ
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һ룬ϵͳͻȻ
[ܰʾϵͳǰսｫΪϸ˵ϵͳı仯]
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ϵǸϵͳҲǺһͨһЩúô𣿡
[Ȼ]
ϵͳûӱ⡣
[ʧܣϵͳͻʧȥѡȨһȨԵߵ̬ϼ̳ǣΪߵϵͳΪͣϵͳͣ]

[Ĩɱ]
ðõ˲ۣ룬ϵͳǶλһ²⣺
ԣҵĻԽߣԽࣿ
ϵͳƬ̣
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[ǵģﴥ˽ѿǴbugһջõ߻޶Ϊ50Զõ۹]
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[ʹô˵ߵʱ֪bugϵͳΪȨ棬ѾΪȡɷĶϵͳŬ޸bugԷ]
ҿлл㡣
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˵ϵͳֻɷһ㲻ѣͻȻеڴһˡ
ԼϵͳϢϢأϵͳܻܲԼɣ
*
ڰ׼ҳ緹õһ뿪˰׼ҡ
ʱ仹磬ôعԢǴ壺ȥԼᡣ
˲ֱóֻá
˵ţͷ֮ǰõղؼУҵΪԼһټСµʼǵȥ
ӰѾˡ
ǣֹҲ
ĿⶨڵȻõȥ𣿡
ʱ俴䣿õ̲סЦ㿴ڼ㣿

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¿Ȼʣȥֳ𣿡
ʵʱ۾ˡ
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ߵòҺͰõӡ
ԼֻϵĶһЩദճɴӰõ˵ȴ뵽ǵȥ
ô˵õЦ˵ǲǻʲôСɻ߽ѧƵ
ûСѸҡͷ
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˵ţµʣһѧУӦþɣ
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Ȼû뵽Լ˵ôᶨˣ廹ܵҵ㣺ʧ𣿡
ҪһǿƵıҲͰˣƫƫԼ񲻴κιԣֻСҪ
õһͿ
Ȼǡ
ֳѾˣõתͷԶĹɽҡ³ָ忴
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ҪǶˡ
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ҪǶһˣȲ˵ûλãûЩȫװŹɽһ˾ͻᱻˤ÷ǡ
ܵġ

ǰ˫˹ɽҪǶһˣǸ˿϶Ҫˤ÷ǵġ
˳
ֳͦ࣬ǣõһ߻һߴȥƱ
ֳܴɽ˸࣬Ǳ˺ܳĶ顣
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Ȼԡ
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¡
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סԷĶ
ģ־ɢȥ֮޾Ŀ⣬һ˲ֻԼõ
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ԺͰõһֱһͺˡ
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š
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š
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ԼĸоЩΣգõ΢΢ü
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ûԷIDʲôõЩʧ̾Ϣһȥѽ
Ҳ֪ǲǸո̫ھЩƣʩûʲôȤ
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[ջõĻѴ50֫ӴԶ]

ϵЦʧ
ҪҴڵʱһֱ
[ѿǵδڲ⣬bugάʱδ֪ϵͳᾡ޸]
Ҫȥǣת̧üġ¥˿϶ǻǣֵġ
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[ѴﵽյĻ޶]
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Ŵϵͳ۵Ļ֣Цνʱܵͦ࣬˵ˣҲܼʮ𣿡
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Ѿ֡
ڵѪҪ
ֻֻ
[ѵܵ]
ۿԼûҪֵ˼ϵͳٴξѡ
νõģ˵ᱻ˴ߣҲùҲù
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ʰʰϵͳˣǣôã֪ԷʲôȻԡ
[ɱһǧ˰]
԰õü⻹׬𣿡
[]
ϵͳⱲӵһξԼȻ
òǶְɣõͻȻӦ
Ƕ֡
ϵͳٴм
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[]
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õûֳ̫ãϾڶ컹ҪϿΣȻЩϢ
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Ҫһ˯Ҳ֪Ҫ۶ٻ֡ҪʲôĻͬ⻹Ǿܾأ
𣿡
õԥͷһôһʱѣõѾ
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ϵͳ˷Ƶķš
[ٿˣ]
ңóĳϵͳҲѣ͸¶һЩϢϸɷһ񡣡
ɲҪЩʽĻ˵úɷ˭֪ǲںƭ
Լ˵ж񣬿ôʱȥˣҲֻһڰŵĶ


74 
[ⲻϹ涨Ҷܲ·]
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ԶԺϵͳļֱԷɿڣ
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75 
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õ˵Ļʵе
ԼϵĿ⣬ۿ΢ȡôˣԷ濴Լһ˵ԼӺܺãܸɾ
һ뵽̲סҪС
ѩ櫿ţŬԼ侲
õ˵úܶԣŰ˵ǳªģϲԼӦԼ㣬ӦóúѧϰŬԼŶԣ

[ϲɶ񣬽200]
ϵͳһû͸¶̫ϲã⼸ֿ۵ʵеϣbug޸Ĳǰõϵͳ
ôˣõüҲ̫˰ɣ
˵ףⶼѩԼûаˣΪϲñ΢
û뵽ѩҲΪһԱ
ⶫ
õ̾Ϣ
ôˣһŷ嶯ͣס㵵ؿõ
õû뵽ԼȻ˵ĬƬ̣ȥסĸ첲೤鰡Ӷ壬޲ðװҿڴš
Ķ˲ˡ
뷨Ҳй
Ӧ˵һֱС
û뵽õҲС
뵽ѹѹǣõ棺÷ڴҲġ
˵ţҪӡ֤ԼĻƵģԼԷڴ
㿴ڴˡ
õ㶵ͷ
ֶĿڴֻ¶һ
ĺʲôӣҲ̫ɰ˰ɣ
ԴáûʧԺƺڱ׾ѧŶԼ¶İ⡣
֮ǰĵ׵Ͱ⣬ͨͨޱǰ
õһͿڶԷ㵵Ŀ£ַԼǰ
Ұˡ
Լı֣Цȫ㡣
峹ˡ
󣬿壬õ˲Щͬʱ㯡Ҳû۸ѽ
ôͿˣ
ôˣ
Ͻȥᣬ۵Ҫ·ֻص˵һκʱ
ᣬվϧġ
ֻںǰȣľȴ˷츲صı仯
ҵĻ㲻ˣֻôһԡ
ûСҡͷΪԼĵİõ̲סЦ̫ˡ
ӡУδﰮ⡣ȻҲᱻϲϲĶװ
ĵϲü޴й
оԼûȥĵһҪȳȥźС
ҲֻؿǰİõŻϲչȥһԶġ
챿ֻܱ׾ȳرԼ
Զ㣬ҲԶңǲֿġ
Ҳ֪ڰοõԼ
˵ʵ̫ׯأôһ˲䣬õһ塣
ɷϣڵȷ塣ϲǴģǼӵĶ
ĿĽӽ壬ΪԭʮİãŶԷ۵Ũҵĸ飬ȴ޴顣
̲סü
Ǹ⣬һİõᣬҲϣõУֻס塣
ĴڣõĴ֪ϲԼ׸
ֵúõ۾屧ȥϴ衣
֪õˣûԡظõϴ
ʱİõԵòУȫûиոյơ
Ҳ˼Ű״СģЩС񱣬ȥԼķ䡣
˷źԺذõķ䣬׼ѱӱȥ
ֻǸ£ӣͿͷֻ
ǰõġ
ֻڴͷϣû뵽䣬ֱӿĻϵݡ
ڵĿ
ݿȻָԼ
˲üĿꣿʲô˼
ͻȻЩ벻֪ԼٿˣѸҪϨԷϢȴֿһط
ǼʱĿ
һ£˲ʧȥ˼⼸ʶΪʲôһͲˣ
ʲôǼʱ
õǼ裿
ôܣ
ͷһԺЩģļȴͻȻȥɴ˲
ʶļİõǷǳƵģԼǸΡ
õͼͬݵˣôͬһأ
ѰõֻϣĬŶֻ˺ܾá
֪õֻʲôõÿνʱ򶼵档
ûоõ͵ϢΪǻðõġ
뵽ջĿ⣬ɫȻ߳䡣
*
գõʱѾڹԢΣ԰õҲûþȡ
ϴҵֻŷԼϢ


76 
õ, ֪ðҺܾ, Ի㣬ǵļ
ͺǸӰһҲǴԽߣ
ڵĿ壬ɹҪ뿪
ǼʱĿңɹԺʧӰ١
⼸Ϣõ˲Դһը, ֻûȡ
С˵Ů⻷ôҵܲµ
[bugϵͳҲûϵ鷳Եȣϵͳϰܲ]
ʵϣϵͳҲ
֪bugȴû뵽bug
֪ǵĴ, ֱҪвϵͳĴΣ
ϵͳû˶, ȥǸνܲ, ܲոϵͳж, ɼԷǲ֪µġ
õڻ񣬳˼Ƭ̺˹ػأ
Сʲô˼ء
շȥ, Էĵ绰̴˹
õֻԹԵһ󣬶ŽͨιС㣿
õʱԷ𣿡ɳ, ûϢá
ԡ
õӦ
Էǰ׳һѻΪԼԹҧסӴӦ𣿰õȻøӡ
Լһ
ѧԶֱӰ, Ҳع˼ˡ
õĵзǰţţС㣬鷳ֱ˵عĨǡ
Ѿֱ˵𣿡ʣضŰõ룬̾Ϣûж⣬ֻǣҵĶԽԽʵûа취
ԭܿܡ
õԼԺЩĿʧƬ̣ȴڰõ뿪ԺøӲ⡣
Ǳŭޡ
Ķõۡ
ǡ
ͷûؿڣ
ҼܲΧкܶĿϡָоԽԽǿҡ
õͷһ
Ծװ£СԿȥҽ
һֱпҽҽҿȵľ֢̾ϢԳ꣬ҽĽ£Ҽ˰ȥ˳ϪտʼҵĲȷʵ΢ĸơ
ֻʱģͺһطվǻᱻ˷֡ЩĿٴϣţֱ
õ￩һ
һ̧ͷԼ
ֱĳ֣֢״ϺתЩĿʧˡ
õգգۣѵҩϲѽ
ԣ̲סüģЩΣõ㡭
ȴǲ֪˵ʲôźá
̾ϢһʱҲôɺϣܸоؽӽңҶ̬㲻Ϻá
˵⣬ʵĴࡣ
˵ţ̧õ迴ҵʱ򣬷Ӧ񣬶ҲǸ⡣
ҵʲô
ʱƿԣֻĪȻͿ۵׵Ĺȥ
˹ϵͻһЩʱʹõǸĴʲô
ʹˡһҴ𲻳߹Ҵ𰸣ԵڶңҰ֪Ĵ˵ˡ
ҵľԼԼҡ
𰸣𣿡
õ΢
ȻԤϣƽ˵׻ǾЩ⡣
𰸡
֪Ժ󣬾Ȼôס
ԼǸⶼȥˣ
ÿ˶ÿ˵ļ⣬öԣǶԵġõЦŽһ䣬ʣƾ⣬϶ҾǼ裿
Ȼǡҡͷ
ջǱܿƵǸע衣ԾɻżһЩѣ˺ܶ鷳
ɶԷԼĿһƽٺڼ߿һŮ迴Է͸Цģװˡ
ʱʶϲġ
ûкᵶᰮãϲϲͬϲǲϲûҪǿ
ԲǵڣûвԷġ
ֻѵݴڼߣԼսصıӸС
ּⷢŪľżҲԼѼӸԺʹԷܲܰѶת
ϧܾ
ļҲһⱻӸУǸʱ뿪˰ɣ
õûӦȴҲûϡ
ʱҲûֻ̫࣬Ǿ趼ܻҵĲһССٺԽԽҾİҵĲҲء
صС
һֱǰʱ㣬ָҶıӸٴˣʵǸֻҼٷְȷ
˵꣬õһڣ̧Ȼأʲô㣿
ķӦ̫ƽĬ˼롣ðΣŵ԰һⲡ𣿡
һӦ꣬ҿԳŵ㣬һͰ׼Һ
[ܲ񡪡]
ʱ㣬˭ƺѾˡ
õۡ
Ȼһϵͳ
[󡪡һڰŶĲ飬ɹ600ʧܣ򵹿Ӧ]
ٻ֣ǲ̫һЩ
õ䴽̫ˡ
[ʲô]
˵ҵĻ̫ˣҲɣ߾Ͱɡ
Ժϵͳ˵̧꣬С㣬Ҳҽ
[޸bugҪϵͳԤֻҪϵͳṩܼ򵥵ġҲᱻ϶Ϊʧܣֱӿ۳ٻ]
ϵͳҪ
֪
õϣü۴Цϵͳô񣬲ٻջԼɼ¶ϵͳܲӰ춼ܴ
ܲӲõͻ
Ҽ屦жųֲǲ֪⣬Ȳ˵ûзӣĽӴ϶Ҫɣ
˵ҪôҼС̳ӽͣ
ϵͳ
[600]
õ飺˼ԡ
[]
ܵŲ⣬ֻЩΣõҪôܾҿԿһ£˵ҶԽܡ
ðϸô
ԡ
ῼǾʹϣ˿ͻȻʲôѵˣСƼ˵Ը㡣
Ƽ
ᣬҪˡԷúܣǰQԭС
ãлл
飬Цеصл
ܵ
ֻ¡
ȻصԢûϵͳٴߣ侲һЩ
[Ҫʲô]
bug޸Ļ˵Ӱܴɣõûлش𣬷ĵʡ
֪ϵͳĴڴʷǰĴbugˡ
[ʵҲ]
ϵͳӲ
𣿡õüҾͦģƲҺͼ֮Ĺϵ²£Ժ᲻֪Լһ飿
[вϵͳ]
ôô룿õʾ޹ֻѽ
ϵͳٶĬסΪʲôֻܵ⣿
[˵]
ϵͳˣֻϽҪ𰸱ܲ
ҪĲࡣõ䴽ɹϵͳһԺټ˵ֱɹвУҲϵͳˡ
[]
[]
[ҪĲ]
ǲȻõüЩſڱտҪΪȫƯŮˡΪڸ̡ȫŮ˶ϲԼ֮Ըȷʵࡣ


77 
ϵͳĬ˺ܾ, ¿ڣ
[ϵͳԾأñܲ, Ե]
ûϵҲġõЦݲ䡣
ٴθоԺϵͳŨԹ
Ȼϵͳἱ
ûãϵͳٴߣ
[ǸֱɹⲻϹ涨]
ðɡõ̾ϢһǾֻȥˡ
˵žҪֻϢϵͳ죺
[ܲͬ⻻һַʽڵܻѴ712, ֻҪֻ2000磬ϵͳҲԶ]
ԣõ΢
ʵѹûǹֱܲԼɹܵ˵һԷܴӦ, ܻԼ
ͦò
𿴲, ֻܿϵͳжǷɹ, ǧԶ׼ظʵԡ
ðͷ, bugô޸ӦöɣҪʲô
[ܼ򵥣ֻҪԷһɼĴϵͳ, ұ֤Ǹߴ72Сʱ]
õüھϴʱ򶼵ȡ
[Ǿ͵ÿı]
ϵͳҲɵ, ˣҲʷǰ, ƱزپܾǼϵͳҪмý飬ܻܲòġ
Ȼõûٶ˵ʲôֻ˾䣺ʲôӸСѵڿⱾ飬ЩߵĿ⣿
[漰ܣϵͳ͸¶̫࣬ȷǲĿ⣬Ҫϵͳ72Сʱľָ]
ָǺͬ
õü
ңЩĿͻʧô£
[磬Ϊĸ˽߻Զ𱣻ϣʱҲУԿԸ]
һϵͳǴ󷽣Ȼ͸¶˲Ϣ
õ˼Ҳ˵һһҲڱ˵ļ£
ϵͳû뵽Լ˵ô࣬뵽ľȻ
[岻ǣԿ˲࣬Ȼδ׬ȡ㹻Ļ֣ҲǿԶһߣ廻ȡϵ]
ǹ⻷͵ߡ
õЦһǹ⻷ǴӼָоôϵͳûôһbug

*
õΣ¿εʱ򣬽һ
ۡ
õŮˣ
õ棬Ȼһɡ档
Ȼ
ĴڵʵʵȻһ㶼ûоꡣ
ǰϲꡣ
ʪģ·ʪЬ˵Īѹ֡
ڣðѴɡŵ壬ûֲϲ
Щڴ
˵һǵһθһ졣
߹ȥסֱۣЦеô׼ʱȥ㡫
ͷ濴õۣһ죬Ϊ쿴Ϣ
ɰõȴʲôߡ
壿廹񣬰õ̲ס˻ĸ첲ֿ۾ڣЩۣһһߵɫ̫ÿ۵𣿡
üԺԲôˡ
ûС⻰ѸҡͷЩǼᶨϲ顣
õϵ涺Ц̲סȥ߲ߣôֱ׳ظŮ˵ϲǵµģҲֻˡ
˶˵ú˵ʲôԼԲϲ£ֻΪ
Լ˵ùûʡ
̹ϴˡ
ֻϲ򴽣Ҳ֪˵õ˵Լûʲôúߵġ
֪ɵ㡣֣õЦãҲϲأýһЩӰϢ
˵ţŴ˴۾棺ǲ֪Ȧжء
ɫ΢
мί
ԼΪǵ¶Ϣõġ
߳ѧ¥ɡſɡܴΪ˲ðõ꣬ĳɡ
Ǵ˵㣬ǲ̫ÿ
һƬӰ˶ڵʵʵһ궼ܲ
οЩԺ󣬼ĵһָɡص㿴˳Ҳܿ
˵ģŮѶá
˵ţԶһС¡ôһɡ˶һˣߵҲѣһļʪ˴롣
ۡ
õЦ
岻Ŀ⣬Ц壬һȤȤ㶮𣿡
üȤһȤ𣿡
ֻ
᲻ðõ
޾ɵģԼҲܡ
㲻Ȥǿ֮ľ롣õ룬ĽͣڻѼɡ
Ѽ飿
סܿ˿ȷʵ¶Ǽһɡ£󲿷϶Ц
ʪ˴룬ϵҸȴ˿α
ǻѼ
Ǹ˴ˣ
üǲ̫⡣
ȻҲ⡣
Ϊ꣬Ǵ򳵻ȥŸյС¥£Ϳһ¡
ڿԷĵһ˲üõ˳Ŀ⿴ȥЩ죺
ûأ
ѾôˣǶƵҲͦǸŮȻû
³Сĵظõɡ
ŶӴⲻھСŮ𣿡
𣬴͵⡣
õ̧ԷԼ˲ǶƵѾˡ
ߵŮ
ŮжѾˣǺϵıЩڡ
õ״üŮҲ֪˰ٿһ֣õֻף
΢΢סԷõĲĿ⡣
ֱ̧סõļɡŰõߡ
ʲô鰡
ӿŲ׷ȥָҪקסõ·һֻ־ͻȻֱƹס
ϣ˲䰧һɡŲסʲôв
˦֣ĮŮԶ㡣
˦ú˺üסӣ类¶ʵȻһֵֻͷϣһַֻŶӣԥ룬ǰȥ
ȴ飬ҲȻУ̧־һƣԼǰ߽ˣŭŮѣ費ܺŮѣϺɢһЩۣҶûˣ㻹˼Ůѣ
껹¡
ͷƳ۰õСЬΪͻȻƽˮѰ׾ЬȾࡣ
ɫ
Ĭͼ۵İõ߽ڣ˹ɡ׷ʱض˶
ˮĽȫﵽǰϡ
ޣ
ʲô˼
ιõʱ򿪿ڣ۵״⣬˵ţߴԼİΪƢܺ𣿡
һ³濪ʼͲ̫ڸһԼƢܺõĴ
㡭
㱻Է̬ЦⲻǰŵĦ
ΪԷһƵֳ֪鷳֪Щߵ˶ôԼòڲɿڵŮѶ⣬Լţƫƫʼٸ߾Ȼôֱ׳
óᣬŮǰ磬ʡýԺƱôࡣ
ţ̧־ҪԷ
ֻǿϧõı˦ñֻҪ졣žһֱ˦ϡ
ű˦õüʱôãЩֻġ


78 
ѽ, ôܴأȻ˵ŸϽŶԱ߶˶㡣
ҾͰôˣõüôҪ
һ⻰, ȻٴԱ߶˶㣬ŲҪǱžģŶˡ
Ķ̫ԣ˲û˵Ǽǣ
Ҵң
ҸҲҴ㣬㻹û̵𣿡˵ţõ˦˦ӡ
õֱŵ˺ü˵ȫ, ЦһмأҴңűŰɣ
˵žҪóֻ
ոȶ֡ͻȻһֱǣҪ, Ů
ѽõҲһĲ, ô, ŵˡҲ, ʱֱϵҼʦ̸ôҾʧѡ
㾫ʧѣЦԼһѪ۵, ң
ұŵˣ, ҾôСֲɵľʧ𣿡˵꣬õٴ, ס֣ǿȥɣҪǸð˾Ͳˡ
˻ߣǰһ룬Ǹ䵭˹ĵŮ˾ȻֱӰǽϡ
˾Էˣϴ壬ߣͳɱ⣺پŮѣҾͷ֣Ųţ
˵ţʾԵָ˴֮ǰͼץõĸ첲
ɴۡ
һ˲ŵҺԷѹսսҪվȡ
ȷӦʱ򣬶ԷѾŮѽ˵ݡ
ǵСȻ˸ۣ涪ˡ
Ůѵ䣬˲뵽δ̸׵Ĳ񣬻̲ס˻ȥ
˳ǣѧһʶ
СȻƲƲ죬Ǵչȥ˻ȥɣˡ
ᵽӣɫԻ

ոոǸ˵ʲôˣ
ѶԺ󣬰õ̲ס塣
ʱСʲôû
ԣ嶯һ١ǸʱԼ̫ˣ˵ĻҲףõϲԼ
û˵ʲô˵־仰ԵԼ̫䵭̲ס࿴õһۣһ䣬˵ҺǮپȥͰץ֮Ļ
ӴõЦһٻв˵ĳ棬Цü䡣
㲻𣿡򴽣᲻Ϊұ仵Ȼϲң
ᡣõҡͷҲзֵֺܶģûɵĻ˭ᡣԭڱϣֻǱȱ仵ֻ۽ѽ
˵ţչȥϡ
ŶԷ¶ȣֱ̧סԷĿȴǼ쿴ǼϢ
õڡ
ţ
ϰõĿ⣬巴ƿĿ⣬ͻȻǺȥԼõԺǰһжΪС
ȶļְѧҵҲָ糣ŵĲϣ
ң԰õİ
ôˣһֱ˵õ̲ס׷һ䡣
ûʲô島˳ǣõ·㣬Ͻȥϴɣðˡ
á
õͷ֮ǰ̲סͷ壬Ѿ˳ʼ׼͡
ƽ졣

*
Ÿհѵ緹Ҳϵ磬
ɾ֣ߵشβûмſţǴ򿪼ĻΡ
̡
ԷŭݣȻ߲ơ
Ŀ΢û뵽Է
õ䴫ˮ˿ֿš
СŮôأ
ۣһŮֱϵͺ޵ӴСûһ´ھȻ˴ˣ
̧棬ŷ͵˲ؽš
͡
С
氤ؼҸҳ
׵ĳ⣬Ůͣ̻ҪĻǾͱҲ̫档
һ㶣ûʣѾ
̼һ̸°ɣҰŮƵƽ̨ŮĻ»ܳɹȥ𣿡
֣ɫ˲һ䣺ں˵ʲô
ǲǺ˵ԼŮҪٳŮǰҲ
Ϊһ£Ůˣǰ϶£̱ЦСѾͷ»Եڻˣûйˣ
𣿡島˳ǣĿ⣬ŮܴӶأ
̵ɴۡ
˵껰̧־Ҫˤš
ͷּõֻŻææжжжÿ죬
õˮɣӦû֡
˿
õϲ̫׵
Ҳõ֪Ӱõ顣
ǵȰõʱɫڳϴˡ
õ߹ȥҲȥϴɣŪЩ
áҡͷȥֻҺܿͺá
¸¾ˣѧ³ϲھ
˵棬ֲԾرý˵ζ
Ȼмܲס׻ò֮ǰѲϴһ¾ͺˣԱ߿š
úúã߰ɡ
õڰ֣ߴš
һͷȴײģϴԼٶȣŹȥӣõ˶ûϴãѾˡ
Էϵʪõһͷͼ洩˼ĳͳˣ׶û
Ӧûϵˮ·ϣճԵ
Ϊϣû
õɫסƿȥ·ʪˣ
ᡣҡͷá
ܶô꣬ûô
˵ţ̧ùõϵĲˣС
ޣá
õԹóλãʼڲ˰вˡ
ԡ
ٻǴЩǸеģУֹǸвűζִȥ
ϧֵ̫Ҫٽ̫ۣûǴĻΡ
ȥ𡣡
룬Լܸվţתһȥ

û뵽嶯죬ϵĲ˶û꣬Ѿǰ
ԶЩҪǽͣŪϡ
ҲǴޡõЦãչȥһ£㲻ڼҵʱʵ͵͵ԹģұеҪһ
͵͵Թ
彩ס
һʱ֮䣬ԼϲöȥһЩ
õкܶԼ֪£԰õ鲢ʮ˽⡣ʶһ㣬۵Ⱦϰɫ
һƺԼ֪ĻҪࡣ
ȭͷʶ߬
ٿõŹĲ˺ĵ׵Ĳ׻Ǵﵽ˶塣
һٷԵĲɡ
ôˣԷʵ̫ԣõ̲סʡ
극Ϸ𣿡Ĭ룬嵽ʳ˿ڡ
ϷʲôϷ
֮ǰϪ֣ʯͷ˳ȡһͷ

õЩ⡣
˵廹ǷԼһʮء
ʲôܵ¶ɹˣǺҲ㲻ʲôϡ¡
𣿡
õ˵̲סʡ
Ȼԡ
õɫ糣ԺѾʼദ
ܲԾ
ö˶˵ĲϷϷʲô˵ʲô


79 
Ҳûʲôر·, 尵صʲô
õȤҲûֳԼѾӡ
, ڴϡ
ɣϷҲɣϵľȴȻͬ
ذõÿֽ϶д˲ͬСͷڼ俴壬Էдø棬ŵ¶Ѿдֽϡ
ǿʼ
üسʡ
á
һ֣Ӯǰõ
ѽ죬۾Ц£Ӯˡ
ʹ, İõ廹̲ס˹ǣõЦȾţ鶼ࡣ
һǶԷӮ, ȴԼӮ˻ˣӮˡ
˵, ԼǶֽץһݸõ
ҪԼ
õ΢ü, ֽӹ
Ÿմһ, ӡּ֪ͷдġЩÿϧ
չһȴЩ⡣
򷿼һλ˵һֻԼ֪ܡ
Լ
˵ʲôˣ
õһʱϿǼϢ
Ϣʱ, ǻԼѾ˯ˣ»ûУԲųпĿԡ
뵽, Ŀⶨϡ
ʲô
Ҳؿ
õֽչ糣Ҫ˵ܰ, 壬ʲôҲ֪С𣿡
С
Ѹٵͷ
ţ
̹Ȼ˿ʧıðõ΢΢졣
ѲԼ´ˣ
Ѿڣиѡ
ܣõü
ȴͻȻӿڴóһݸԼľżˡ
õͫ΢ϴڼƬ֪ľżŸϵͳڿľż˾ͱ΢
˰ɣ
̻¶Լ
ܡӦõոյǾ䷴ʣԼŵСľżǳеʱ򣬼͸ҵģҺܾãӰ룬Һܶû֪¡
˵ţ̧ϻܣǸڶˣһܸ㡣
õѸջЦЦðǼ
һʱ֮䣬ȴǲ²͸嵽Ҫʲôˡ
ҪԼ̹һ
ˮת
õ۾˲һ׵Ц⣬ץһݸ壺ʲôͷɣ
˽õдģöԷ⡣ȻõԼдĺҲ
ϲǶ෽棬дͷʱȻҲпǵԼõԼдֽĿԡ
Ȼܹ֡
ץǸԼдģ
ʵֶԷһСԸ
ʲôԸʵ
СԸ𣿡üϣԶһ𣬿Ը̫㲻СԸ
ðΣĲãԸ𣿡
һԸġ
ãھ͸𣿡õٴӦ
ԣס
ԭеطòã˲嶼ʶֱͦ
š
õ̧־סգ󣺡ѽõĵڶ̫ˡ
黹ģõɿתǰһ£ǰģ㶼ȫ𣿡
̧סõָ
õ̹ܶࡣ
Ҫ˵ϲҪȡҪջᡭ
ɾԥҪҪڵʱ򣬰õȴ֣

ֻѹѹԼͷ
һ֣Ļǰõ
õû˿⣬Ͼջֶһ˵ߣԼȻ
ͲԼսŰܻܳ鲻дĶ
һأֽԼ򿪡
дֵ˲䣬õʶ塣дľȻǺ֮ǰǸһ
ǸһֻԼ֪ܡ
̲ס䴽
ľͷô
ΪϴγϪԺ岻ٰÿֽдһĳͷû뵽Էҡ
ֱǰСĻˡ
֪ҵܣ
ûҴţֱӷʡš͵ӣԼҪҲһɶ˵ܵһϡ
ҲûκβڣȻѾµõ֪˼
𣿡巴ʡ
ǲ˼ưõԼ˼ϱɴðõ׾ٵؾܷ֡
ԷԸܸȻԼԷԸ⣬Ҳܽ׶Է̬ȣٲơ
ʲôõ֪ʡ
Цɣȥ°ͣ΢΢̧򢣬Ŵǰߴʲô˵ô֪أ԰ɣ
˵ţͷӡ
⽥ִڰõֻһС
Ѹսֱۣȴ°Ūֻۣȡ
ҡ
õȴͻȻ
һ϶ȴܿ죬ѸűıԷ
˽ӵԷű˴˵¶ȡǳͻȻͰ
Խ֪ҵʲôܣõʡ
йģԡԾɰѡȨɸõ
ðɡõ˳ǣ°ͿϣƵҺСʱʶ
ܵͻȻӲ΢
ֻԼ֪ܡҲ͸ŲݺӵĽӲ
𼱣һû˵ꡣ
õıоԷЩŽŵҴֹĳһĿĿӽģҲϲ
[]
𣿡õʣֻ˵ԼǴˣ
ûϵͳڣְһ㲻ˣֻǸģûϵͳѣжⶫأ˵ǰɣ
ϵͳĬסܸоԼںˡ
˵ĺû
ȷʵûҲˣⶫҲȷʵûС
ˣҵ˵ˡõɿ壬˼ЦҿԼ棬ȻҪʲô֪ģҲֱӸ㣬ùĨǡ
Ǳ˴˽ܿ𣿡̧ʵһ֪ģҲһ˵ٻ

ҲǲС
ǰõãԣʻʣ
壺㡣
õ룬ϲ𣿡
˶ֲ䣺ָǸ㵱ѵļ衣
ͦ
ϾǸҲⱾ⣬ȻҲ²³ͦ棬ʱԼǲ˫򱼸
˵ֻһ˵Ĵּͷ
Ĭü룬ʱ䣬йڼļգ
ԷͰõ̫ˡ
õĿ⡣
õǼ衣
֪ϲ
ǵϲδüѿͱļȫɱ
õգգۣǵòҪϲڵ
˵ţӣˡ
ֻŬȥոհõ˵Ǿ仰⣬˵һҶ֪ܡ
ԣõЦ
ˣѡȨԼأľͷɵɵ֪Ҫ֪Լ£õȴ˵Ǹ
ĻôСľż͸¶һЩȻҲһЩԼеܡ
ԣõ֪Ϊʲôûѵӵ𣿡
һ岻û£õûӦ
¹ҲԹ˷ֻǸһʱԽԽò֪ԣ΢¶ЩԼΪѵ˼ͻòӴҲᡣ


80 
ࣿ²š
ûСõҡͷ, ΪҺ¡
Ȼ⡣
ϵĴ㵣õ䴽ô𣿡
һ, Щ޴룺ûẦ¹
ǵһʱͼԼŵڰõǰ龰
ΪõȴǴûΪ¡
Ǳϸһ£ΣõĿﶼǸ⣬ȴܼᶨԺ󲻻ù벽
㲻Ϊʲô𣿡õʡ
ҡͷ
Ầ£ȻΪ˲ľðõǶӰĲ¼
İõӦÿ쿪ĵġ
Ժһᱣ㣬㲻Ҫ¡ٴμᶨضŰõ˵
áһҪսı, õ̲סһЦģûôҲᾡ˷
̲ס򴽡
ûԼŵĻ˵
õȥ˷µĻùõͺ, Ŭõ, Ҫõȥı䡣
, ˡõ, 񣬶ֱ˵, ǲǿҷϢ
ס
ͷǡ
ֺܿͣûпȥֻڶԷϢʱ, ￴ǰء
õǽ, Ұ㣬ɲõĺ㻹֪𣿡
˻һѸٱɫ
õĺ
˶²޷ԭļ豻ǶˣȻΪĳЩԭ뿪壬˶Ĺ»ҰָڱϣŻԵɺ¸ڴСϣڵİõ
ڵӾ羭ݡ
ҲܽΪʲôôơ
Ȼÿѧͣľż֤Щȷǲÿѧ͵Ĳ
ȫ϶ܡ
ոհõ˵ĲõӰ죬̲ס˼
õӰ죬ָɢ𣿻ǱԭĴС壿
ԽȥԽҡͷҲ֪ˡ
״õһͿ̲ס̾Ϣľͷ
ô˵ʲôţ
룬ҵȷв˵ܣģⲻӰ㡣
˵ţٴαס壺ΨһϲĽѽҵֻ㡣
ҵҲֻġ
ȴƵģõһ٣˵ľȥۿͨ죬̲סס:ôҪˣ
ҡͷǿĳ嶯סõ:̫ˡ
͸ˣ
õЦãֱݺײһ¡
ɰ尡
õɫȥ
ô죿

ոոպãһжˮɡ
ֻۿģ̫ðõ˷ˣֵ̫ڶ˶˯ͷ
ڣаѻ˵
˵Ŀζͦȥ˸ԵѧУ
ֻǰõû뵽ͻ⡣
˿ΣΪ²ô¿Σ԰õȺѩȥѧǳԵ㶫
û뵽ߵУſڣϵͳͻȻʾ
[ע⣬ע⣬Σձƽ׼]
õ˲
һ˲һŮͻȻ

ˣ
ϾŰˮϵͳľʾõǰ׼ҲֻüѩƿԼԱһ㡣
ûҪ֣ѪһӾӿ˳
Χ
ˣ㣬źȫûˣھҪҺӳ
˵ţֳ˹
״õûԥݺ˦ȥĶǶͦʯһֱӰ¡
Ѹٳϵͳ
һߣҪ
û˵꣬ͼһͻȻ˹ŵѹڵϡ
һɳɢ
˦ڵϡ
ǸǰӰõ΢
塣
ֻʱɷѹϺȭͷʼҪҡϴɼɱ䣬Ͱð
ƫͷĿⶨڴѪĵϡ
õƤһǰһסĿƣϡ
ֻһۣõĵ˲⡣
ô˵أ
ʶܴ
ûиĻȫɱôһ˲䣬õԼҪǲѽŲԷһľԼ
ֻ䣬ջĿ⡣
壬·ͻȻҧһڣķܶ࣬ܲɵɵҧȥ𣿡
š
ʹԴӦúܿ졣
Ƭ̣һŰͼߵڽ£ȻΧ۵ˣ鷳
ʱ˷ӦҪ
忴۰õҪ˵ʱ˴ҴҴҽɴ֮Ķõ򵥵Ĵ
Ŀ⣬ȭͷʶ߬
ûٿ
˵Ҫõðõˡ
Ϲһʱ䣬ʱ򣬱ƵظϹҲŵòᣬѯûԺ˿
ľ˼Ӳˡ
õ
Уſڣ뱣ĵطȻŸϹ
ҪûͻȻ֣ԼûϵͳĻλ˵
˺ˣͬѧѽŲɣǻḺ𡣡
ɢ˰ûʲô¡
ⲻûֳʲô𣿱ʲô
ЩСڣҵúܣ˻ѧУҪ˺ͬѧô죿˽¾洦ˣֵѧУʲô
õЦһֶѪأЩʧְ°ִȷѵ
ҪڣѾ˿һ
壬ǵʧְ𣿣
ǶſأͲ㱻˿˰أ˶Ʒǲ
ѩͨ죬ۿȫᣬǿŲû
ûѧ⧲£
õҲʱЦһŹʺȾ˯˰ɣйѧ
һò˹顣
ˣ⻹أ
Уſñȱɣ

ٶͦ죬ɿ򣬿ŵϵѪɫٶһ
õ
߹ѩ櫶ŵֱõѹѹ
û°ɣ
š
㿪õĿ⣬ȴԾϡ
ѾɴɫȾŻ͸Ѫ˲ŰõȥҽԺ
˿ڲҽԺԺɫѾ
˳Ĭš
һǰһߵð
ŸճҽԺſڣ·Ͼǣɫһ䣬ǰһǣסõ֣Լء
ֱ˺Ӳˣǰߺͣԭأƾôקק
󹷸˴һ뿪
ˣõЦãǴ˸ոյĳĬڣû˰ɣ
ûСҡͷ
̲ס̧ȥõԷҲԼԥ룬ʣõҸոŵ𣿡
ǸոգУſڵʱһֱ֪õϲԼ̫׵ӡ
ǵʱʵûסһأԾɻ޲ɱ
ͷŰõзӿĪ
ˡ
ӦðøһЩġ
ûϵлᡣ
ֻҪðõͺˡ
е㡣õʵʵͷǻһΪۣҽˣҶ򡣡


81 
ᣡһ, ͫ͵һЩ, ͣ½Ųվڰõǰϴ棬ҾԲģ
õϲԼԺԲôס
侲ԺһУſʱξЩ£ʱõûгֹԼԼǲǾͻᱳһ
ͰõԺ
𰸺ԡ
׼ҴСԼͨһͺίˣ׼Ȼܻΰõһɱһ顣
ΪһˣԼõδ, ֵ̫á
֪
żӣõ̲ס䴽
壬ôѽ
˴򳵻عԢֻû뵽յԢ¥, Ϳͣ˲ٳ
⳵˾⿴ۣӴĵӰأ
վʮװĴͷ, ȷʵͦˡ
õҲȥ, ֻ׷, ԼĿԺ
鷳ˡ
õüģ³
ûü, ׷˾ֺ޵ᣬ֣ۣҿõõסõĵطҲ, ȫòϣ
˵ţ壺㶼ڸʲôѽҰõõ, ģ
ϰõ󣬿ǲɴ඼ŷ
Ǹɱǧģõõģٳǰ
ֶŮˣ͸ö߿ߣǱ߲ҧζ
裬Ѿץˡõ
ֻǾͻų
㲻õģеǰ취˵ţĿϣ΢䣬ﲻȫõõסҲģԺõõǺһסûɣ
ɴۣǰһҲˡ
ḷ̌׷˵ĿﶼԼûвĵ⣺Ҫ
壬˭˵𣿡
׷üϵĲüǲΡ
㲻ӶϵҲĳ˵ģ
ҪŮϲ׷ڶ嶪ϼȥҲҪǰ
壬ȥ˵飬õڡ
ԣ΢
ڵ˫ˮ⣬סõ·õ
ô໰ȴȫں˵
ȥ˵ţÿĩƵģæֲһ䣬Ҷˣĺ⡣
һ䣬⣬˲˰õ˼Ȼǲ̫ģĥĥ¥
õõ׷üͷš
裬ûʲô¡õεƳЩͷᣬôţҪΧסŻˡ
ԼұŮ˶岻Ż˸ʲôϵŻ˾ǵȥ˭ң
ô˵ĳ̶ֳϾȻе
ʶԼе㱻ƫõüŰ׷Ȼһ
ͯʱûԼϵõĸ񶼴Ӱ׷ӱע˹
˵˵ð׷ɫԻ
Լˣ׷˵һֱţôҲŲõôˣ϶ûԷɣպܺõģһó
˵˵¥ߡ
׷ŮôҪŮԸˣȻǰư͵شӦ
һ¥ŸճݣõͿ̼ұϣװĴͷſڣƺ㡣
Ų΢١
õõģΣյˣԲвġΪŮǺ£׷˸Ͻο
õջĿ⣬˿
̲ס棺Ǹ˵źȫûˡ
ǡ
׷Цһ֪ŮѧУԺѸٰ²һ顣
õõǸĺúӣϷԼŮѵճѣǸģԼܲסԼ˹죬Թõõˡ
ǸȻҲǸˣ֪Ժ󣬾Ȼôסһ߼˸ٲӪѣȻһ͵͵ȥҽԺѿ˸´ĺ
绰ˣ˵ԼѼױ͹ȥˣһǩա
ױˣȻֵҲű
ֻû뵽һ򿪣װŵľȻǴӡĸƬȻͨƬڴصĺӡ
·ݺܴˣѾӤģ
ΪûϢȫϵģһƬ֤ƬȻȥ𻯵ƬС
ҲˣȻڸƽ̨ع
ֵúܴ˵С֣Ƭ˶֪¡
˲÷裿
ԾõȥѧУԼŮ¡
뵽ĿŮϣͻȻûɣ
裬ʲôأõɴۣҪҲ廳ѽһʲô
磬ͬԿɻѾ飬ͬԿҲʲôϡ¡
˵ţԼš
ڵ˱Ƕ
Ԣ󣬰׷ȻǺһԼŮȷȷʵʵõɢ˲١
һٷԺѾ˺ܶࡣ
ҳ㷹ȻҲͦζŭɢˣȻȴͷ
ζ̫ŨŮ֮ദˡ
׷˵Լ˼ҡ
ʮȴ
Ѿòõûԡ
׷һߣԢֻʣԼ塣߹ȥ廳һһʣŵˣ
һ䣬΢
ûӦֻֽסõ
ޱԼΪõ٣ȥѧУӰõ
ɵһ
õˡ
һ뵽ʱΣޱȿֻšʧȥõʧȥԼ̫

š
ɫ
ͺˡ
õİõᱻߣغ˻ԼͰõһ𣬸õİõˡ
õԼٳδɹ̲סۣƿòʲôС֮뷨ɣ
ȫȷǰԼϸһµϵͳԼ˵ǷûɹǾֻʣһˣûзûܸͬгᡣ
֮ﻹŶûﵽϵͳҪкڻĿܡ
ԺԶǸɱ塣
ȻͻȻĽӲõ̾Ϣһָ˴壺Ҫ뷨
סָûҿõȴ˾䣺ֻˣûš
뷨ΣաõһԼСݵΣƵ˿ҪǴžֻܵõҵˣòҵİɡ
򴽡
˶ס
١
ٰס˲
·Уſڣǡ˶ʱȻȻؾͱ˷ϡ
ǡõҲСֵߣһСľͳȦȻCPۡ
ŰõУ԰µѡٴκ͵ڶϲ㡣
ֹʱں죬ôҲܸˡ
ȥԡϴĹ򣬰õˢԼӡ𾢣ϢͻȻ
û°ɣ
ţ
õ룬˸û¡
˼ȴ̲סߣͻȻϴСƼ¡


82 
˵, Ӧ֪ԼBѧôô, պþ֪пΣ
ܲǶһ硣
ţüͷѾ
ѸٷС޵΢ţ˵һƼǷ
СްЧԽԽߣʮӲʱ䣬Ѿµ
ȻƼȥӴ
ð׼ڲ鿴ǶʱļأԵؿǡ¿εĵУſڵġ
ңԼڼصǰһӣ˺üֻ
Ǹʱ, Ƽ͸Զ
Ҫ֪ƼѧУСӱ㣬ֱ˽ҳУ԰͵ġ
ôܺö˶˵Ļ棿
˼Լ鷳һֱԼ, 浱Լ
ɫ䡣
ͻȻһ, õ̧, ֻ, Ҳ˵ֱӹס
ˣ
õ̧ͷһʱ, 嶼æ¡
һ𡣡ŰõƵġ
췢µŲģǾڰõͻȻ뿪Լ
, ء
֪ǱŵˣЦõذο, Լ˶ûΪ¶ӰСľͷŵòᡣ
ͽֳģжͬʱ̲סֱӳȥΣգ֪𣿾û㣬Ҳ£ԺΣˣֻҪԼܵңɵġ
䣬˾Ȼ̧ͷ
Ƽͨģõһ
˫
˵
õæҸôˣ
ҧû
õʲôˣ
ֻһ㷴Ӧ㲻Ҫңˣ
֪жϲ㡣ʣһξίպޡ
ôϲôܲܲˣ
ɵľͷ
õ̾
Ĺ͵ĸоȴԺӣװˮԽװԽ࣬žһ¾Ҫը
̲סǰȥϵᣬο˺ˣҵĴҪˡ
治룬Լɹѡ뿪ĻķӦ
ҲԼѡ
һ˾Žӵ˯һϣڶʱ򣬰õŷԼЩΪ£ѧУ٣úϢǲȥѧУ
ǣϿοħȻҲûȥѧУ˼ڼ
ʵϣõûʲô
ѾĴޣĶÿš
˵ˣŶˣҲüţҲ̫ġ
׷Ҳ¸ɴõƼ¸Ժ󣬰׼Ҷܴ󣬲ѧУ滹¼ҷ档
ʱѩ櫾Ѿ΢ϴ
죬Ƽոձˣ
պ¿أϷ㣬ֱҰ˴ߣ˶ˣ
ŪĲһԱô˵ƼΪ±ߵģ
ձߣУ԰¾ͰŮѳˣҶ¡
⼸Ϣõ𴽽ǡ
ǰúܣϲ˵Ŀⶼ
ڣƼԸ
ѧУ֪Ƽ˰ɣҲúó˴ηͷˡ
ҶȻøЩ۵ġ
õתͷƼĽָ壬ϣ:㿴Լ÷蹷ۡ壬ӦңԺҪô嶯𣿺ܶ鶼ǿԸġ
á
ͷ
̫ԣټƼµ˲٣ּУ԰´£̲ס:´ǹھˡʱƹƵ㲻ɣ
ᡣ
ѸٷϣЩЦ
ϲ֪ԼͰõһ𣬼ֱ޲ȫ˶֪õԼġ
˵ֻ꣬ˡ
忴ֻšüͷõ̲סЦ
òʦɣõü㲻УҪʰʰѧУˣûʲô¡
ʦȥһµ绰
˵ţߵ̨
С򰡣
Ÿһͨ̿޺ŵʹ˳Щ̶ڣҿޣǿԹҵ绰ˡ
䵭Եúܲ顣
̵Ŀ˲ֹסȴţС򰡣µȷŮԣﲻ˰ﰢǸ׼ҴС㣬ŹǼҰɣ
ʣﲻˣ
˵ֻ˵Ƥ˵Ѫ𣿡˵ֿ޳ЩɱǧģŮúõıǴߣ·ϾȻܽһֽͻȻɹ˭ûˣǰҼŮֱӴ͸ˣ
ûκ⣬ֻǶ˼⡣
ҽ˵ѪܣǸ֫Ů뱲Ӷˣ
ǰСֻ˵ƤŮⱲӿɶ˲мˣ
Ҳˣ˵Щ׼˻ŮڼһӣŮƴѧѧǹ˲š
ЩŸ˵
ϡ
СǺôҲ̧ͷͷھӰôô飿
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绰һ˵ŮþԥعҶϵ绰վ̨һС磬ϵɢȥ
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һʱ֮䣬¼ҺĹ˾׷׳ʡ
֪¼ҪƲԺ󣬰õû̫⡣˵Ҳ̸̫꣬һô˵ƲƲԭа׼ҵķֱƺҲԵƽƽ
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ҡ
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𣿡ѩ櫵ɴۣ˵ѧһŭΪգƣ
æȷʵаæһŭΪյǲڡѩ櫻¶ӣõЦã೤ǲˣҿð׼ҴС㣬ûң¼Ҳơ

ѩ櫻ȻͰõദʱ̫ãȻˣԼһһλ׸ŮǸҶкĴǧС㡣
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˵꣬Ѹʰȥ
ߵ̫죬ѩǰ춼ûӦ
ѩŶ׷棬õѾվһˡ֪˵ʲôͻȻ˹
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Ҳڡͣ½ŲϲʲôҶԵġ
ҾǼҵĻõüͷ
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ȥǣõ֣ԼּԷָ䣬һ԰Ե̬ǣסõЦȥôĻжóԡ
òðõĿ΢û뵽ôͽеͶ
Ͽʲô仯ֱҵǼһꡣȷʵ˶࣬ڸպпճһλãȥ
ԽԽȣõˬͷһƯǱ¶⣬˶
ЩĿ⣬ʶ߬ȭͷ
ԼİõԼҲڰõߣΪʲôЩ˻Ҫ죿
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û¡ѸٰԼǼù˼סԼҪȥԺ£üۼȾЩɫҪȥš
ðõͷʱ䣬ҪԼҪȥԺˣҪֳʱְ۵ûţԲһ䣬úùңԼڼҡ
Լ΢΢ۣѩ𣿡

õǹû˵Ǹģ̬ȺȻµè塣
ͻϣһʱֲٳѧУĻӦҪˡ
ϵͳϵbugЧԼһܹؼ
ûʣҲûᣬҹȥ
Ե˻ðȻ鴫ѬһζһصԢõԡҡ
Լ¶ԡͷ£ͷˮˢԼ
ʱԺﲻϻ֣ţûȻԡžͻȻá
õҿԽ𣿡
ˮĸԵģ塣
õԡplay
ûе̼
Ȼԡ
ûžһͱ˴򿪡˲䣬õЦü䣬룺㣬һϴ裿
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£ϵıҲѱ档
һҪܶࡣ
ֻ̫أһǰɴޣò񻰣һڹͷüꡣ
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һΣõѵûǰ˯ȥ
ѱԼŪ˶ÿԼܿסӵᱧȲ򷿼䡣
˴һֱ˯ͬһŴûǵ˯һġ
˷ڱҲȥ·ϣ£˵Ƹյλã˹
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ȻУкܶ໰˵
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83 
Լ, ɾôأ
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Լ̫СõǱȫȫû⣬Լ⣬ǿƲסԼһЩĶ
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ڰУϵ
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Ϊոյĺ֣ҪƽʱһЩ, ðõеСɤԸеҪ
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ϲ㡣
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û뵽õôһ, õЦѰĴ׹ȥ
ɣҲǡ
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, õȥԼ
ϲ𣿡õЦе
ϲлл˵, ʶְ̧ѲϹŵóԺЩҵĿ񶼱嵭١
ֻһͨܳΪľУҲǷļֵˡ
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ԣһۣҲû˵⣬۰õϹŵǸľżˣһת
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˵ֻϧʧȥһѡ̾ϢǶ˵Ӧúѽܰɣ
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Ǽʱ򣬺ϵ뿪˵òãҲĹʧȥһλѡ
õڵ¹ϵҿԿѾǣͻȻ뿪Ӧûİɣ
õ̾Ϣһ㵽ʲô
ܲ뿪𣿡
ͼ費һҪ뿪ˣԭİ״СԺ󣬴ҪܴĶ
˵ҵȷҪضĴԽߣָһһҪأ
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˵Ż΢٣ϴŹģ壬ǲ岻
һ˲峯˹
šŻҺ;壬Ҫ뿪ҡ
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ȴûٿڣͷкϵֳ硣
̫̫ʣȻͷڣţҲ̫Ȼȥ𣿡
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Զպϵͳý:
[ܲ棬ĺڻֵƫߣڻǻᱻжΪʧܵ]
õţŵĶһ٣ôö˶˵ͻȻƫߣ
:ѵڻˣͲ𣿡
⻰ɹϵͳסõ˳ǣҵ尮ҺͲڻ϶ʧܡ
ǧֺܿܵ񲻻ʧܡ
ϵͳԥԥΣ͸¶:
[ĺڻֵƫߣܲ϶ڻΣձǩֱܲǲµ壬֪Ϥ]
µԡ
õ˲ɫԺﲻϻϵͳ˵仰
Ȼ֪ϵͳ̳жΥѧĵߴڡԼ߳µĴߣʱԼѾͨˣܶùнָĴ
ϵͳǲ̫ɣ
[ʵڻԺɵӰ̫󣬻ᵼС˵ѹܲƱػ᲻ɷ壬ϵͳҲû취]
[õİ취Ǽ2000֣񣬵ʱϵͳ᳹ʧҲһͨͨȻ]
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[αԶδȥϵΣձǩᱻܲжΪΣԱᱻֱܲĨɱ]
Ĩɱ
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˷ִ硣
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Ĭã׿˵:
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[õԵ]
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ԼΨһ
ԣأ
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[ܲûظΪɣ鷳岻ҪӴиݽϵͳ׼ʱþ]
š
ѿɫõ˸̫ĵĽ:
ۣ컹Σȥϴ衣ϴֱϢˣҲ˯
õس
ţ
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찡۰ͰͿԼ壬õ΢ϣĬƬ̺󣬹գ¡
˶٣ײģе:ȥ𣿡
ĳ뺣ס
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꣬ϵͳĴߴ£õţԥ룬žһš
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ͿʼԼ
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˵ԼΨһ
ȫƭ˵


84 
һҹȥ, ·
գõ, ͺ͸Ƶģ⺰:
õ𣿡
ˡõϽӦһ䣬ϴȥѾ汸͡
ôʢӵʳõ̲סЩϵͳ˵Ҫ£ʶؿޡ
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İҩӲİԼ׼Ǳ߿϶һӦòð׷˶ĹһЩȻΪ°ܻøС
˶ΣһҲá
ٵչǼٵģֻԼҲеؽȥ٣ܳš
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壡
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㣡ӣҪԶ㣡
ԣԿ׵Ķͣסɫ䰵򡮰õ:ԶҲ𣿡
ڷʲô裿õٴλ˻ϵҲһֱö˶˵ذʲôô̬ߣ
𶯡죬˲ϰõ˵ЩĵĻϽ߬ס۵ġ
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˵ţϴȻ
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㵱С𣿡õЦһð׼ҴСƵĲţÿ𣿡
Ȼܡ

Ȱ׷ǻ˷ֲԾͻῪʼԼõˡ
һӾ
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ꡪ


85 ⡤
ϵͳ뿪ĵ, õҲӭǵıҵ
׼ֱӳаıҵ·ʽıҵװ⣬ÿ˻׷װ, ȫƣ۸񰺹˵ȥ͸Ҫȥߺ̺Ƶġ
ıҵյӰʦǰ׼֪Ӱʦ
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ذõ뿪ҿô
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Уͻʲôʱ£
뵽߹ȥЩһƿΧŮѸʲôѵǶûԼŮ𣿡

Щ˰Թ񣬰õԵؽס΢̧°ͣǣɢɢˡ
˵ţԼķȥ
ƱжеĵطǱԭǸıʤء
ؼǣطСһǺúö˳㡰Ʊ


86 ⡤
뵽, תͷһȥֻҲ֪Ǳʲô, òǶſޱӰɣ
ǵģİһβμƱжǺһȺĺ˴ϡ
õֻʵ̫ԣ̲סӡ
ʵϲаæһ°㡣õԺӺܲϲȥʹѾϲɺͰŵĹͬºֻ֣ܶ࣬Ҫһһ𣬱ը
ֶϵ, õͰһܵͷһäͯ
ܹԡԼϱŻ˹ϵص
õԿ壺ɵľͷǶǼǱˣת

ס
ѸٻԼͰļμ, ԷԹԵ, Լ̡
ȻǼ
һĺӾôαװ, üͷ, ϲɸеǣӡ
ģԲЩƤ˵, õǰһת壬˹ص, 壬ô˵Ļѽ
ͷš
Գ, õʵ̲סŹסĲӣŸ϶ԷĴԱ߾ͻȻ𶯾һ͡
ͫ΢Ѹٱסõ֫Լһͬʱؿĵط
ֻԶķǰһŮ˱ֻС̩ϣ𾪵ؿǵķ
˵ס
ףõҲϳԷϸ֣
ðɣ벻ˡ
ǵãۿžҪԺȻȻؽӹĻ
õˡ
ʶһ㣬סõ˲յø
˵˵֣õӡ֮ǰûƱжõ̲ס࿴˶Էۣô⣿
ȴЩ㶣ǰƯʹСˣҲ֪ԷڡͷѾԺ꣬ʱǿɳܵĶˡ
õþò˹¶ΪȱЦǴģһвĵط𣿡
üŵ⣬Ͳûֱ˵Ϊʲô
õȴ⣺治ɣŮҲǵһŮѾͺѽʱŮѸʲô

ϵЦ⽩ס
ٻתͷ״Сλɫ䵭塣겻ǰҪڡ
˻ҵ飬񱻰״СüҪϹ˵ۡ
⼸ҲϢﵱȻһؿˡ
ǸССжѣɽĵˣ
õһǵ¶ЦȻҾһӣƽʱܽԺõģ⼸һֱû̸Ůѡ
Ҫβ͵Ļ϶̵ñߡ
Ȼ˵ĺӣСһֱͦܳ衣ǰҵĶӷԺһԾΨһĺӣȻе⡣
û̸ŮȻҲĽԺãıߣȥ˭Լ
˵ϲϲǱ˵ķС
ڣϸ룬ͷİõȻÿԼ
ܲסˣ˼ȫϣǽ˿Цá
һԵͻȻڣûǴĻʮ˰ɣ
ϵıȻס
ɻľǱἰ䡣
ôܣҲŶʮߣǿţӲƣǰڣһᣡ
Ȼֻ꣬ʮ꣬ô
ԭǶʮߣǸҼǴˡͷͰõһôãȻѧһЩ˵Ľ㣬ʮûŮѼﶼ㣬Һõõǰͱ˴߻顣
ۿɫѿƾҪըõŴЦһ䣺˼С㣬㳤ڵ̫˽⣬¼Ƚܶ磬ܲϲ˵Ĵţ鷳š
˵꣬ϳ
Ϸţ̲סϣ䴽ô£ôоᰡ
˳ƿϣͬʱһ찴סõĺѹԼѹ
ͬʱѴݹȥʱõžһֳϣһ˵ưѿغþ룬ϵıЦЦ
壬㻹ûлشҵ⡣
ĸоû״ŶǹƽΪ̳ӷˡ
ö˶˵ģôᷭأõ޹գۣɰʵס˵ŻչȥҪǲǵؽͣĺ촽ǰ⹴
ڳԴס
ӲסõУΪԷĶѾء
ڰõûٵǺܿģǳֹ
ոյ֡
ֻҪһո˵Ǻģõ̲סľȥϵľͷ
ôȥԾɰǺ˵ӣÿμ˶泩
ˣǿ屻۸
ǳֹСȻû壬Ҫˣϵȴסûɿ
õ̧ɨȥ۰Ͱ͵ؿ˵Թͷʱ
̲ס̾Ϣ㰡
֪ôġ
ǼͷǱ롣˶Ͷ룬ڰķڣŶǵʱ䡣
ֻǽԺǶ˸Сƿڡ
ùְõҪϾ˭ǿ˭û뵽ʱǿƲסȣӾͰ˵ҧˡ
Ҵˡ
ԹϴǩȥðѪӡ
ڷڵɳϣڿߣȥǿ϶ܲµʲô
ۿ˵ģɰҪõ䴽ƤӱﲻԼĺȡ
˳ϣǩͰԼ˫ֹסĲӣչȥϵı㣬Цһǲ²ء
͵Ƕ֪ԼϵжãʡóŮѡ
ʵ˵òԡ
ôᣬ򷭵Ȼһ̳ӣƿϴס
ŵþˣԾԵøŨҡ
ָȥǵǵۼ׵ĵϾЩûһ߽У֪һ˵ģǰա
õȻƴס
ͷԴϣίոնҼȥˡ
״ͷһ
õϲȫչ¶Լߴ͵ĵȴܰԼ
ңݷֻչ¶ԼġݶԼر
´βˡ
̧֣Űõͷƽûʲôȴ̲ס𡣰õа취Լ۶ġ
ûڷϾƯĵطΪ˶ڳϵġ
ԭǸǳƯĵطȥ೤Ƭ̺տøƵġ
õǵһֵط嵱ȻҲǡ
ΪǵһΣԿʲôϡ档
ڴԭӭ籼ܣҪ˶ڴʲôʱ򣬰õ΢һü궯ĵ侲
ڸʲô
Ǳ߿ۣΪǰεԭԵҲһĨڣĻǲҲ׼տҲȥŪ
á
ÿ˶û˾Ӷˣ鶼ΪĻѣŪʮұŪá
Ӱõ׼õó
Ưķ羰վڻһ㣬ԵøƯ
ǲʲôͻȻ


87 ⡤
õûκαץ͵ĵĲ, 䴽һЦ壬Цһ
, Ȼ̫ϰߣǳ˳ǡ
ڰõҪ¿ŵʱ򣬾ͷͻȻһˡϵЦ˲䵭ȥüλ֮͡
ƫƫԷǿõϵĲãõôŪ
˵ţŪĻȻȻس, ǱߵĻҲŪһ¡
˵˼
ڰ׼Ƕʱ䣬Ǯʹɹ飬ȻȻĳϰߡ

õؿڡ
ʹôȥѾǵ, ʹڵԼֱõ, ڴԷĿʱ, ʶԱŲŲ, 档
ȷӦЩԼΨһĺӣ
ƾʲôһڰõߴôãԼȴ˳
Щʡ
õŲ, ʶ壬ôɣҲͣôĵط, Ե֣һôˣ
õû⻰, ǿ壺壬ҵıӷˣ
õӣ˲ɫһ䣺ӣ㡭ұʲô
㰡𣿡õϴЦô겻ҿƢá
Ѿˡϵı鳹ѿȥ㲻ܴҡ
һ𵱳״С˵ΣЩ¡
ԣҵܲܳ㡣˵ţõ˫ֱأĿţҪѰʺϳĵط
ûҳԣڰõ˸ûֻܱŹ߷ߵԼķ
ЦѵˣҲŴˣƤҲˡõڵطŰۡ
ոһֱû˵ǣ֣
ԣõչȥ飺ôûвˣ
ܷԼ
ûľͷƵһԣϴ棺ҵģʡ
ΪõֻԼʧߵķŭ
ΪʤߣȻмںʧ
ûǼǡõЦѾղס⿴ۣĻѾŪãҪŲλҲ㣬ڣǳտ͵͵ŲλҸֻ˵ĵط
ʵԭҲֻǣ֪ʲôʱ͵͵Եǹϵж׽Ƶġ
áҡͷҪŲﶼһ
Ҳǡ
õͷĵǺ岻һĵ̣ҪŲҲǱŲŲʲô
ոԼһʱľȻǸԼŲλáʶԼƢȻôãõ̲ס̾Ϣ
£Ƕĥƽˡ

һտõͲ˱ãտҲĻŪãȴõٶˡ

Ų
õͷοԵţش硣Զбڲԭڣۿһر˵ס
ţ
õͷؿ塣
ҪԵˮ𣿡ʡ
ˮõ˵ţԴᣬһ߼ԶڣһҡͷǺ룬Լ԰ɡ
һ˲ֱס
ڶˡ
õҪǻ²Ǿ͵ȡΪľͷˣЦп֪ʣôˣ
߷Ҹ㻻λá˵ţ߽õõ˴α
ϰ˶õţҰ˴룬ֻܿԶɽżͷ
õ̲ס붺壬ӵһ£˲Σõ߱ÿ㡣
ȻԴ壺æģùҡ
˵Źȥ׷Ѱˡ
Ȼһ룬°;ͱ̧ͷײС
ĿԼ룬õЦȰ͵˺ˣˣĥʱ
һܸо۵ĴС̫
Ȼ
׼ԭѧҲСѧ̫ûЩˡ
ǲ̫Сˣ˵ţõѿϵⷭһ棬ͷҿء
ǰȫȫˣȴһϲ
ԣһֱġ
ͬصͷԶűڵһԼͰõһϵĻ棬˲
ԿĻϻȥݲĹ߳
һ߳Կ⣬һߺȲ裬ࡣ
ʱ򣬴ͳԶ
һһ۾ͿǣһäȮ³İ㡣
ԴǰϲɸäȮäȮͮͮӰ룬ʱǲ¡
˵ｻ𣿡
õ˵ţһڰ⴮ȫߣչĹģֻС
ǸѪ˺˵òкͺƯµøƵģ˶Щһ
ټǸäˣ಻㣬ܻͬ治һ
ɡֽõɾǵĲָ裬ݵõͣʾȡ
õ˶㣺Ҫ̫úȡ
Ǿջ裬»𣬵ζȴǰõϲģԺھͷһûٶˡ
ȵ㡣״ѵü֣壬ͺһ㣬Ȼϻɤӻۡ
õԹĹĵӣ㲻
ֻû˵ڣܲµƵģѸٵһһΡ

Ȼ
õĿƣӶԷƯ۾䵽ĺ촽ɳܵĶˡ
ĻʵȽϰʱײ
ңֱ˺ŵĸо治԰õ˳¿ߺ󻹲ԼôΣΡ
á
ʱǻֳģܾõҪֻǰѲõߵ˵ݡ
ذõԹԺһڡ
һȥζѹȥ٣ɤӵ̹
Դס
ëƵԺҪƮߡõץס·ߡ
ʹСʱǰǲŸսǹһΡ
Ȼ˶巳
Ļ£˴Լİˣż紵ζҲ󻨲㡣
*
˶ӣ˼ʰһ¶õȥ
Ȼܾûڱ˵Ľ̵£գһŲԭһ
ܹԣõһСһظоԺ塣
˳壺ôոڲԭϱܵӣÿ𣿡
ʮӢˬİɣ
ÿ
ȴЩ㣬ҿõ۾
ţ
õ΢΢üѲľͷԼӲÿ
ʱԱվŵĵЦſڣŮû˵ʢգܵ㣬ܵʱϵıҼΪϵĲս
ԣõһЦǰס壬ȴڰο£ԵúܣҲúܣˤ
ûϵĳ׿Ƶ˿

ԶӵĺõԴűסĶԶȥ
һСĺһˮԶ
С
õգգۣǺ
ôСĺӣȴˬ·ϱСޣȻ̶̵ģоҺȡ
˽ӭ׿
׿˳ְ𣬳ŰõЦҵŮǡ


88 ⡤
õǺϲС, СźĴ۾ɵԼ׻̲סʣ󣿡
ˡ
ȻôС
õˡ
ɹڵСŮǳ, Űõ֪ͬûеĶºǿ׳
ǣн㡣׿˵ŰŮڵϡ
ã
ؽУԴŰõƬ̣Ц۾㶼úúÿǸˮȣ
õ˲ĸıЩƯµܺӣǰʵİǵϲöࡣ
лл˵ţ־ҪȥԷС
ֻûȥͱסˣɫƽ˵Ҫһ
, õЦҲûá
Ҳûߺ˹һƥǰ棬õ, û̫, ֻš
Ầ𣿡
ᡣ
ҡͷ, аõ, ܰġ
ڵٶȺ͸ոհõٶȻһ֪ԭûпҪõӿٶȡ
ʹܣڲԭҲǼҸ¡
ʱĸоֻԼͰõ, ⣬붨ʱ䡣
Ȼʱһ
ڰõһȦԺ, ׿Ͱ߶˸Ůˣһűص·, Ȼɹñӡеģ࣬òû̫仯
òرƯҲζһ׳ʵҲûֵ߽ؽѵǸ׿Ͱǣ
ô£˵ߵʱ˼ţ̣һصҵʱǻûм
裬Բ𣬰ˡ
ոջЦĵİۿ죬ί
ף߽ЩõŮЩ죬ԴϣǸеѽ
¬ӡ
Ŷ
õԷ˵öԷڵͷ
۶壬֮Ժ󣬵ʱ˵¬Ѿϼҡ
ֻû뵽ôɣʱ껹ڱ
õСĵط
壿󡭡С㣿
¬ӳɵõҪתͷͻȻסһ־԰ԵƱţԷһת
¬ӣþò
ϲûʲôر¬ӵʮƽԾɽŰõ
Ȼ֪ԼͰõԷ¬ǰõˡ
ʹǸõõԾˣȥͰõԾɶһ
һһĶȥ
һģʵ̫ۡ
¬һû뵽Ȼڰ״Сߡ
裬Ư㣡Ǳ¬ӵĴȣƵĸ¬˵ǸƯˮ
ǽ㡣¬ӸţҪ̡
˵棬ȴˡ
Сǲһˣ²ⱻ˺ָĿڣһλýд󡭡
δ䣬ͱõЦдϣͽнɡ
ԵԼѽ
˵ţָָǣŮ
ǡ״СѲе裬¬ӽŸˣԼܵ׿Щڵɤӣ׿壬ǰѣλǡ
ȴǲ֪ν͡
Ӳ֪ԼǱ˵ˣԼǰǰͺñǰμ棬ó
Ůѡ¬Ϊʱõĵؽӹͷ˳Ż˾䣬ǰҼ£档
׿Ȼԭǰӵѣ
Ǳ׿øȥԷ
Ȼõܾˡ
Ȳ˵Լ¬ӱͲ죬˵ԷȻ¹¶ģͲȥҡ
׿һ뿪õ壬̲ס̾¬ӾȻ˰
ʱ졣
ǵԼյʱǻɹģȻգۼ͹ôꡣ
Ÿո¬һǣһ뿪Ļ棬õ˼ĺӸһɰֹɵĻҲ̫ˡ
룬иӣü壬ԼԼֻ壬Ȼϲ
õ
ذõ˼뵽ʲô˵ʲôϣ㣬˵ҲҪô
ڰõĽǶȣ΢΢ɫ
ܿպʵΪʲô
Ảӵ
㿴ǣŶɰõ˵ͷȥı飬ûδǽ飬Ȼ˸ɰĺӣ
Ĭס
ġ
ÿ춼飬ڵ䲻ϰõüŬԼøмֵһЩ
δ֮һӡ
ԼͰõ˺ӡ
ЩʧüͷѾʶ:ǲζŻһ˺Լõİ
ϲķӦõ΢΢ü
֮ǰ԰㲻ǵҲͦΪϲ
ϲ𣿡岻ʡ
Ƶڼǰ˶нǸʱ˶ϲӣҪҪ̬ⷽһ¡
𣿡õ˳ǣÿĺӰɣܺҲϲ
˵Ĭ˼룬ָĿڣʱǱˡ
Լĸס
Ȼǰ֥ǸĳɳУϷĸס
˵ԻŴ
ĸףȴżĿܻĸ׵ӡ
Ц
ָ󣬰õع񣬳ЦЦһֻĶء
ڲȷԼܲܵеùνĻ֮ǰҪӣǶԺӵĲ
ҡ
Ȼ˿ģõ˼ԼΪͥԭҪӣأ
ľͷòԼӵĴ׶Ҫ԰ɣ
뵽ܣõûסһЦ˳
ЩĪе£ǰԼŪģõĵԼȴԣ˳ȥ㡣
ЩʱϦ¡
õϾ䡣˶ǵһμô䣬ϼƯѤ÷һżٵĻ
Ϧʮָۣһֱߵİ״ҹĻ٣ڲԭȼ
õһѾˣȥ֣ۼƳСѾͷҲͷü˲
ȻܰСѾͷǺԼˣǱô࣬۾ֲ㣬Ǳߴպˡ
ҪһˤˣǱô࣬С嶼ܱ˲ȳࡣ
ǱߡҲ˰㣬򴽣׷Ĳ£֪õˣתõȻطϻ
һȥõۼֿסЦеǱ߷ΧͦãҲȥմ֡
˵Ǳߵʱ򣬰ֵקţǱ۸һ衣
ЩĺӣҲЦ
õ岻Լͬͣ½ŲõЦСѾͷǱҸϲ
ֻһЦѾѸٷϲ
һҷ۵ģ
õֵòУ̲סֹ˼ƤӱֻģЦʩԴ˾


89 ⡤
Ȼû۸, ѵýѣܴһÿ, õûȥɨˡ
һڳ裬õһȥǱ
հ£мݵԼǰ
Ǻ۾ҫԵøƯ㣡
õ嶼ɵһ
裬Ưԣ˵ţְѿ⴮ǰ˵ݡ
С飬ǲӣۿ⴮Ҫõ·, ɫ΢䣬Ѹֽӹϵ⴮
ǲ֪ԼŪƯ·ֻ֪ԼɣֱֿЦ
ร
˵, Ưӻ֣ټ
, תҪܻȥ
ֻû뵽, ͻȻ˹õǶûӦ, ոջǱİѾǶһ¾ײһ
Ȼ۾, ϾѾ꣬ȴС, һײûܰѰײȴΪ, Լײˤ˵ϡ
ʵʵˤ˸ƨɶգָպſʯͷ˲۵һ޳
Ŀðһ£ѵֳ޴롣
ǷĸɾϵĲмЩذοˡ
ȻûбοȻСЩԾɻڲϵس
õӣֻ۸Сľ飬ûкСľ顣
ǿ޴İ㣺ֶŮ壿
˵ţѰǰǣˡ
һԼײģû۸㣬ˡ
ǿ޵ᣬֻ꣬߳ص˵Ҳ˼˵ƨɱѵúۣúÿĽ㿴ԼޱӵӣѹˣҪܡ
ûüܣԼǰͶ˿Ŵǡ
ԼһЩСȻģҲܲãǸջ̫󣬻û𿪶żζǿһ٣Сȥӡ
ţлл㡣
ǾͲˡоԷСѵõ˻ؽ㣬ظԷ鼦ʦ˵ж᲻ᵯһССӺҪٿȥ˶ҪЦ㡣
Ȼģɫƫԣոײִ󣬰ȻȻΪԷǸСк
ǽǸֹ˿İһĿٴ
ûõǷӦʱ䣬ֱˡ


õĿԼ룬õһЦȤ㣺СոǸСð
㣺
£õЦһϡڷϣ忩ֱЦ
˵Ѿͷò˯žɣ
ֻ̫ԣЦܸȾˣ̲סǣӦûᡣ
Ȼǰźϲģǰһִģ⼸ӳͰźơ
ʹäȴߣ˸ͷС۸ޣϿ϶շתһϵġ
Ҳ֪ǻȥûи״˵ţõ˸һССŴſŸҳ״Ļ棬Ц
ǣõȾЦ
ʶһ㣬жԼǰЩ꿴ӰƤĺӣʱԼͰõԺúܡ
ڣõԺӵ̬ȺЩˡ
Ͱõ֮ӡȻ߰õİ⣬õϲҲǲܽܡ
ֻǺӲûûֵʱ֡
ɶȥͰõ綼ʻ䣬õδ¡ǵһᣬԼźӻ߰⣬ȴץסǸͷ˵
ԼʱӦ죬ȴЩȻõǹǲζţõʱԸ£
Լ֮ǰƶƻ̲סͷ
һ˯㲻Ϻá
£ڶ۾涼Щɫ
õûûε˯˸þڶˬϴԸȥˡ
һ׼͡
æţ𶯾壿
ϵ£һ³ͿŸӵ¬ӣǱȵİǡ
Ѳ״ˣ
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ֻõ˵Ȼǿ޵ʵûдʹˤˣҲԼײȥģԹð㡣
õ˵޲ܳΪһ
Ժܿ죬ȿڣŮײǼҺϣˤˣû°ɣ
˵ţͷȥǡ
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˵꣬˶Ĭס
ԭϵ㲻׽ɱ΢һЩ¬ӽֻ绰
վŲǰ취ԼӰɡ
á¬ӱź£Ĭһڣ壬ҿСϲ㡣
ǡһ㣬ͷúԥЩЦϲңҲϲ
ʱģ¬ЩȻ
Ĭ˼룬ЦãϣܿʹСĺϢ
¬ӲûΪϳ¬ԺֿŸڵĺӣµòУ˵Ļ֮⡣
¬ֻñźӴҴȥ
¬ˣȴûߡ
һһʱ˶ټ棬ѵüƫƫ˹رпȴûط˵Ƥߡ
濴¬ӾȻˣ
߷ߵһ𵱳Լ¬ӹϵ׽һʱЩӦ
Ҳ̫ûϢˣȻ޵ôɽ깵ط˸ôڲС֣ˡ
˵ţӶüһ𵱳ҡ
û˵꣬ͼͻȻԼ䣬˲ûҰѻ˵ȥ
Ĭ˺ü룬ź֪оŭڵң
䣬һôôˣ
һ̧ͷͣڲԶϳС㣬ҵ֯Ƶ߹ȥվӶؿ壬˵ҾǸ˵˵ôףǲദ
ҲǸҶ˲赹ˮжѣڳ˰״СŮѣӵǰڵñ˭󡣡
ΪҲԼһְже
ĻȴͻȻһξ룬ǸŮ̿ڵƢˣ˿϶ʲôö
Ҳ׷׸ͣһؾ룬յǱߡ

죬֪˶ķ˿㲻ǣҲģȻҵ塣˵ЩȻ˴һϢ岻ϲ
岻ϲҲͰˣ˵ǲ֪ڵ𣿣
˭ҵģúܣͦ


90 ⡤
Ц, ʵҸΪʱ㶼֪ĸﵱ˼ǰôᡭ
ҵİɣ
Ҳֻһ𣿡
ǰݲȥүӲ, Ծ˽Ůλ¡
˲ݰ˳ɫѿҲ˽Ůݵ㣬ճǻᱻ˷ӱˣǰӲŰһ
͡ЩŪ˾͵ˣ浱ɵѽ
˸ûظϽ㿪ˡ
ûߣѵüõ, Ͻǰ¶¶һŴյǰá
屻ֵЩͷûüһ𣺡ûԼŮ𣿡
ϵЦһ͡
ͷõϻ, ˲俪, к
Ͼ׼ҴС¼ñӳˡ
ЩѵûԼŮΪʲôܵǱ˵Ůѣõס, طŰۡ
ʱ, ҪͷǸǿҡ
֮ǵǡ
ԺǼҳ̣廹ܱ״̬
ԭʸйȥʲôûô˼, 翪ʼĵ绰Ͷ
ЩССӡ
㲻ݼ𣿡õڴơ
СϷ, û뵽绰ӶӲꡣ
ʵѧϰѧѧá͡
ѧѧѵ˵ļ𣿡õһҿ֮ⲻھƣ
, ˺壬׼һϷ𣿡
õ˲俴塣
Ҳ
ĿԼ룬ǣ򿪴̽ͷˣҪŮѹ硣
ˣ¹ϴ
ûüٿڣõ˹ϣ˵ֻߣٽӵ绰ˣ
һһϢ̾
˵꣬һ绰õͷƳۣעѧ4
ʵҾһ𣿣õ̧ۣͷ塣
ܶࡣ
˵꣬Ĭסˡ
ʵôˣûҪһֱݼٵһЩҲܻش⡣
ǴӰõùֻԥعػ
ڹػ֪ǹ໡õѣͲǽ۵Сѧѽ
ֻûӦְֱסõĺףѹ
ѧģµԼŮġ
õһŵһ𣬸סǣûһͻΪϵƽѹȥ
ڼ仹ͷһСťȥ˲
ɨȥ
ָֻ׺һЩûСߡ
õʲôʱ׼ģ
ס
ôĹ򣬰õѾĲרģҧĥ㣬ҪŶ
𡣡
̧סõĴЩţ
õ档
ȻڷЩ˾ڲԶϷżǵķ
ʲôõЦеģָǴ»㲻ҰǳϣԪؼһܴ̼𣿡
˵ţ̽ģ˿СЩ֪ġ
⣬Цɡ
һ̼Ҫ
Ҳûҵģÿζ˽ܳϣһͷһڹڳ飬ɸбǿżҷ
ƫƫõܰ۸ϲüαƵɾĥйü
ڽŴ̼ĿУ˴ޣһֱõЦŸ˵
ɵľͷôãǷҲûü
˵̧ȥͷϵĺ㣬ɡ
û˵꣬˾ͱ巴ѹ档
׽ŪңţŻѵǿƣǲǷʰ
õգգۣҪʰ𣿡
˵ţֹ̧סĲӣдšʰҡ֡
һֵ̫ڵڶ˶û˯ͣǱֻѵġ
ۣʶֻͨι
͸ơ
绰һ˵˰á
Ҳźֻ֪ͱػˣôܻ˴绰
˲ɢȥ͵ĴӴһʾдĸ֡

Ըǰ׷ˡ
õأ֥ٶȴźܳκ
ĸСѧðԺоڴ绰õչȥסֹţôͷűŮѲŵģ
ƽҲˣǼհ
Щǲ֪ʲô˼
һ˲ͱסõ޹գۣȻͿֻĻԼ
ĿⶨĻϼ룬õ˲ѣû弤ֻɤӣ治ɫؽӹֻĸף𣿡
õʮһ㣬廹˯
ǲҺ壬ҪһϷ˴أõĲغͬʱ壬ġ
֥Ǳûٶ˵ʲôֻѣҪˣҪˡ
°õˣӵգԹҶϵ绰ǰٴѣؼҡ
֪ĸסõһء
ĸŮûʲôĵģڰõҪҶϵ绰ʱ򣬰֥ͻȻ˾䣺ѵ绰塣
һԵ΢õ
Ҫֽӣõ޹ոճȥ׼˰
֥Ǳ߾˼룬Ҳ֪˻ûţûٶ˵绰
һ̧ͷüͷõЦȥƽԷü壺üöܼӬ
û忪ڣֵôĸ׵èƵģ
ûС
ҡͷϣµǲڣǵĶԷΪԼͲ𴲶İѰõԼ
𣿡õ壬֪±ŵѵϱ
ǺͻйصĻ⡣
һȭͷҪС̽õȴѾ´ϴּߣȥϴ
ֻðӿߵĻʻȥ
׷˵չǰõգ׼õ飬ܳɹ
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뿪ԭ죬׿һһõͱ
԰õ¬Ȼ࣬ϴһ˵⣬Ǹɾġ
лл
õͷͷ˿̧ԴԼİǣЦݸͰƽӣǣҪúó󰡣
лл㣬ǻúóԷŬ߸ߣøһġ˵ţڵĴ۾õ󿴣ǸС㣬찢ǲǹģƯ㿴һҪﰢǸ˵Բۣ
á
õͷ
С㣬ҿԺ嵥˵仰𣿡¬ͻȻڡ
õ壺鲻ңֱͿԡ
˵ţһգգۣϳˡ
׿Ů𣺡ӣȻȥˡ
·һֻʣ¬ˣȿڣ𣿡
¬ĴЩʣ壬ң˼ǶԴС㻹е˼
ɫ˰


91 ⡤
ɫȴƽ, ͷ֪ˣлл㡣
¬ӶƬ, ȴ˾䣺壬ʹСһôˣûпǹ𣿡
û뵽¬ӻԼ⣬΢΢죺ô
¬ֳЩΣûʲô˵ѾǹʵҵĿѧңڵʱͬգϣҸ
Щ˼
ԷԼȣԼȫٺǰһ׼ˡ
ͷлл, ʱͰõ
Զȥ¬һƬȻʲôݵ˶УǼ꣬ȴ˸Ե
ɫĴСר飬ײ˹ҵĿԱ, һԾΪΨһļ̳ˡ
, Ծڰ׼, , ǲǡ
裡
ԶײײسŲЦݡ
¬ӵ˼, ֻǿԼŮ˲ҲЦȻŮ, ͥѾҸ˲
*
׷˵ʢ, ˼ˣΪõŮѣһֱûϯ
֥ʶ˲Ȧˣ̸ҪȾƣ¶ǣԴЩΡ
һ㲻ɫ糣ظŰ֥ڰõǶһȦƣһֱϵľƱ˶ߡ
õ¶죺ĸףôƸʲô
û¡
ϲõԼʱģǰٵӡǣסõЩ˼
ֻǴŮЩʣ֥üڰõɨ˸أ߹ȥ΢΢ѹ㻻
õһݼҵĺײˣʽͬײ̫񻰡
ƾʲôһõüײǺ˭˭Σ˭˭ȥǲΡ
˵ţ΢̧°ͣɫĸ߶Ưĵֻİ졣
ԣ֥˲
ǿͣûÿ˻·ĵ
ĸף㿴ǸСÿǽʲôˣҸ⣬ĸ׼ʲô
˳ŰõĿ⿴ˡ
˾ոմкǰԷҲǰɫϻŨױźʮֲǡ
ü
õԵ޹ʶһİ˲Ʊǵõ
ѽʱûõõôЩŵŻӹþǿ찡תۼ䣬õõǸӴ
õɨȥ
ˣԷϵЦȥæ㿪õĿ⡣
⼸õûкЩݼ棬߶û硣
ڵģټżЩϲ£һȥȻҲ졣
һǲŻ˭С㣿
¹ܴСĻϵģǺǺᣬӲ˭
ĸףǱ㣬ȥɣкõպЦеؿڡ
Լ֥˲һ˴кԺ󣬴ҴȥԼӡ
õ壺壬ȶˣطϢһ°ɡ
üֱԾҡͷû¡
״õҲ֣ǣֿˣλ˰ɣ
˵ѾӶŵӡ
ڰ׼ҵӶҪҲ
㣬ɰײɫˣոտϯΪҪȥһأ
ͬŰɫŮεοڡ
ײɫô򵥣ǰƶһָ߶ᷢƵҲ֪ôξôɡ
ŮͦͦأȻȲõؿԡ
õαЦЦģ֪Σǻкܶ಻ʱӶ˴ȥһѣֵ˶Ǯ
ŴӣΪһ飬ҲͻˣɾСø˴绰ﰵ˵ĶҪѹԼ
Ҳˣ˵һѲ̫Ļý
ȻԷôѹȻöԷʧ
ҳôƯΪʲôΣһ㶼Σõﰵ˼ŮȻ
͡
õЦЦⲻ۵ףȴû˵ֻЦЦ֮ѾԶ׼ˡ
˺ˣǽˡ˳ԲԼҽã˴ģ֪Ϊ׽أ
ã⻰ԡõĵǰ׼ֵǶģûʲôȵá
õ㲻Ҫ̫֣
СסˣŭĿõ
ֻûȵõڣͼԱߵŮͻȻԼ
ֻһ۾ܵľ˲Ϩ˴롣
ҹ֣õʱ򿪿ڣϴװʲôˮһҽգȻС㻨ȥ
λεвˡ
ʮˣɫ˲䲻̫ÿ
һ˲õһգǣ治˼ңʵǱ̫ˣӲҪң
˵꣬Ȼˣ
֪ҶϲңңҲ⣬Ͳɨõˣ±õ̬Ⱦλ̬ȣҲҲɨҵˣߡ
۾ɵˣ
õõ
ô°
Ѿͷʲô
ûʲôԼ񾭣

ֱӻص䣬ԸӶһѳԵõڵ̺ϿֱЦ壬²ǸСûȥкӹ𣿡
۸ˣ
岻ʡ
˵ЩҲĻõƲƲ죬۱ߣƲ壬ҲԼʲôС
һ̧ͷüЦģʱ䶼кӹ
һ̬ΪȻһӵ˾ɲ
òż죬Ǽ˶ܰǸСѺԼǸ

塣
һôˣǸÿǿǽˡ
Ҳ쵽ˡ
ҪﻮﻮǶʱ飿
ǲ᲻ͬԼ飬ҪǵǸⳡҪ˶֪Լ壬ҪΪԼӡ
͵úúóﻮһ
嵽Ǻ̫࣬ûþ;˯ȥ
õ¥һȥ͸İ֥Ŀԡ
⸱ģ˵ԼǷ
òҪѵԼɣ
õ΢΢üŲͣ£޹ĸʲôú¡
ú£֥źӣܿԹôˣ
ΪΪһͨͨײɫŮǺ϶Է
˵Ĭȥ
ĸĲ֪𣿡
õʣŰ֥ûȥ顣ûСؿƿһʾʳ
ԣ֥üģú˵̫æĸûȥЩ£ĸ˵𣿡
ȻСõЦ߹ȥɳ£ǸСһѹңȫǶҵźܲþ
֥ɫ̫ÿ
ԼŮӷļ۵ĺӣ˸
Ե޹ʣô㣿ܿ죬֥ѸٷӦ
ô֪õ޹̯֣λŮĹ⻷ǸСðԼ˼֮ġ


92 ⡤
⼸Ȼûཻ̫, żܸܵλŮЧӦ
֥üķڼ, ֪Ůȷǻµˡ
Ҫʣְѻ˻ȥĿڵѵѵˣֵ̫ѿ
֪ˡõӦ˾䣬֥ݽ£֥ĸףô
ԣ֥ͣ½Ų
תͷõ, Ƭ̣Цˣ붨ˣ
ʹõоﲻǰ֥Ůò˵֥˼ǲµͦ׼
󷽷ͷԣĸ, ô
Լͺá֪õ̽Լ̬, ֥ûĨ, ֮ǰҾѾ˵, ǼҲҪҵԼϲɡ
֪õգգۣҵ˼, Ϊ׼ĸ׵㣬Ǹøͷݴɣ

ͷõϾûо, ˼ȥԼѩ櫳Լ⡣
ڰõҪ, ѩ櫱ֵø⼤飡ȻҪ飿
𣿡ѩ櫵ķӦõЦ
Ȼ⣡ѩ櫵Բ۾õ㳤һŲҪ֪𣿶вٺڷ˵㰮棬ʮ궼飡
Σõ⣬⼸Ůӡ󲢲ܴӱ˼ȫĨȥġ
ʮꣿ̫˰ɡõ֮ǰȷô飬ʮҲ̫˰ɣ
ѩգգû˵дһҲûš
ðɡõ̾ϢôҼô㣬˵ǣҾ飬ȫҵġ೤ҳɣ³֮ұ֤
ݺ˰ѹѩ櫻һЩĪ⻹Ҫʲô⣿
˶٣ţǰɣõ᲻ͬ飿
ԣõЦ
ôܡ
Ǹľͷ͸˵СƵģԼ־۰Ͱ͹۶ԼҪ飬Ŀ϶
߻˵Լ뷨ǼʮҪ飬ҲŪøһȤû塣
ѩ櫱˸OKƣҶˡ
ѩǸ뷨ˣһ磬ʱȻѾˡ
ʱˡõʱ䣬೤͡
˵ֻʳ꣬ѡһв
ֻû뵽ǼҵſڻΧˡ
Ҳȥ۰Ͱ͵صţ֮Ķ
ףѩ۾˲ˣ˵ҵƽʱܶ˵ģǰû첻ôɣɣ
ѩǺܰԵģƽʱϳ˰ߡ
̲סõ죬ǿȥ
Ƕ˵ߣ̤ڡ
Ÿߵǰ̨װͰ͵߹
Ǹʲô㣬ܽ
ǰˣõˣʱѾֻﶨλãҲûյ˶Ϣ
ûӦ⣬ֻ㣬𣿡
ĿⶨڰõƯϼ룬ֳŹֵЦ˵˵Ϣ䣿ôÿɣ
ѩĬĬһ
ڴСԴľûк³
Ȼûӣܸ˴ҴҸĿĸҲҴҸ
˵ĵǸõӦƽƽֻǿԶǶѹСǡ
һƣƼ˸ġ
ԷȻҲһӾԱ˵һģ
Ȼơ
⼸˵һʵͦ⡣
治˼С㡣ոչԱ䲻ǺأģְõԼȺϣĿ鸺ϻһΣЩǽĿѡ֣¼գû뵽Ӱ쵽СòͣǱǸ
˵ţ̳Ų˵СѵȫǽĿ顣
Ӱѵ
ȥ룬Լ֮ǰԱ϶߲ٹ˿͡
೤ǻһҲɡõѩ櫣Цⲻ۵ףǻǲӰĿˡ

ѩһû뵽õȻô׾ٵò
ǲӦõѾʼߡ˼룬ȴǱ
С㣬ҪǾò⣬ʲôҪ󾡹ᣬһᾡ
˵ⷬõЦһңʲôҵòģҪң
ҭסûѻȥ
õҴҵģ治ҪѾӵȫˡ
ʧôһС򣬰õѾȥɫЩѿ
ż塷⵵Ŀܻڵ֪ѡҪڲ¼ƽĿʱ˼úü춼˯ž
ǲͽĿ黥ӮһȻʲôԽĿΪΪȫȫæڽĿõһ棬Ԥǿ㱻ӡ
ڰõ֮ǰҲ½½˿ͣЩ˿ͲûиеˣΪǶ쳣
û뵽ϰõǿӲ硣
ǱôˣѡǱСš
ոǸŮ˺ƯòǽĿǰɣ
ǡҡͷǰ׼ҴС㡣
׼ңסɴۣ֪Ǹ׼Ұɣ
ûӦĸ׼أ
Ϊ׼ң켣ȫˡӱĸﳤСڱһ֪˾ԼǩߵССϰ
ǸĸףⱲӶܴӼ
ҲԶʵΪԱֻÿۻѵøЦգֺ÷˿
뵽̲סҧء
ɫѿ˵ţʱȻȥɡ
ǣǲŸĵһ롭
ֲĵӾ磬ͣԺ´λܽȥݡգǵĲ˸룬˸ֵ˻Ϸ˭ʤ˭ûͽˣ
ȴԸ˵ϵոյ£˶롣
һʱ֮䣬ѡֶ㷲ҪΪǵǵˣǱɱô죿
*
õովȻŹǣˣһҲò͵ѩ̲ס̾
˭˵Źˣ
⼸ҲԼķ˲ðԸСһַʽҲǲѡ
̳ȴٳٲ䵶ļ尾Ŀ϶Ƿ˶ǹ֡
Ҿ˵ѩЦȺΪ׷ϾݵøɰͰ͵ˣ̲ס꣬Щˡ
ûѵǵ˼
ѩᣬõЦһѾҲûǹԼ壬˸ԵûҪʬ
ģԵöƸر𡣲һͨŮ˰ˣôʲô
ûȫ˵ѩ˼ûͣ˺ְܿѻϡ
ȻгС⣬졣
ԻؼңõɺͬӣѾǵǸѧУĹԢһԼĹԢ
Ԣʱÿ°࣬⣺ô°ࣿ


93 ⡤
šͷ, Ŀⶨڰõϼ룬, Ե𣿡
ŰõͷûͰ೤
⼸꣬Ͱõߵý˲࣬ѩһ԰õ˵罻Ҳ̹Ȼԣܹһ䣺Ĺ˳𣿡
Ȼǻǵðõϴѩڳ¡
ѩ櫵˾ѩЩԹϴѩ櫴绰õ˲ٿˮ
, ˵Ӧˡ˵꣬Цеرסֱۣ˵ûҷϵ顣
ԣӡ
ĹȤ, ʵҵĳԱǶʵҵһͥ, ҲûʲôְϵĹĶ, ÿ˶æʵ, żҲΧʵչ
˰죬˼״˵ţʵи˸Ůѽ, ĩ
𣿡
õһȤģĵЩϲãõԽ鲻ų, ǲζ顭
û꣬õǲҪμӻ񰡣ܴҲȥ
ס, û뵽õע
𣿣Ų˵õ˲ᣬûϵҲȥҲУЦѡ
Ҫô˻ῴϲĻ񣬱Ͼ˻ʹҲҪʼ׼ˡ
ġ
ع񣬺Ͱõ뵽һȥˣҲ̽̽õϲĻ
Ӳμ֮ͬĽͷһشӦμͬµĻ
Ļֻǿ͸û뵽õӦͬ¼ûܿסԼ
š嵭ͷʱŮһȥ
ȥ˱ոյĶ˾䡣
ҵĻҪŮμҵĻ񡣡Ѿһͬװ򶨣΢΢Ǳ¶
⻰һѾˡ
μĻ񣿣
Ĺϵʲôʱôˣ
һŵģҪͬµʲôĹϵʲôʱôˣǲһֱͦõ𣿶һʵҵģһ˰ǣ
ס
˲Լͬط
ѧ㣬ҪȥμʦĻ𣿡ѧϰѧС塣
䣬˲䰲
šٴεͷȻ֪Ⱥ˵ڼʲô̲סһ䣬Ů˺ܺãܽ鷳λ첻Ҫŵ
ʵҵ˶֪иļϵŮѡ
Ϊѡ֣̫ϲŮѹߣ͸Ƶģѵÿ˵ЩſڱտֶŮѣڱ˾벻֪ѡ
ס
˾ѧãڴһʱͳԹŮѵĹ
ⲻӰ籡İ⡣嶨ΪԼŬĿ꣬һһس߽ڸͬһʵҡ
ҹΣ˵ĹϵԾɺ롣ʵ֮⼸ûദĻᡣ
ֻʵҴһڣûһͬԹβμӻӦһġ
뵽ӿֳһЩصϲ
ʼڴ졣
*
μӻ죬õ崩ͬɫϵ·
ǰõΪ˱˵ķͷѡ·ֻǴԺ󣬿žԼ壬̲ס̾Ϣ
ô죿оǾǴĨȥμӻҲͷ
ʣֵװС
ͺܺáõϴͷۣõԴǲ⡣
Ȼкܶװͬȴ࣬ԼͰõǶԣ鶼
ǰְѱƫߵķǮٴμЩ
ʹ˴ŵ͵ʵ̫Ưֳʱһɧ
»֡
Ѻݸͬ¡
ллͬµĿȫȫڰõϣ϶ЦŮѰɣƯ˿̫ˡ
ллõЦеؿ䣬Ҳܰ䣬ףǳþãͷ
˵ţҲ˸ȥ
˵ͬˣ嶼һ¡û뵽õȻҲ׼
òãѾˡͬҲܳæڰ֣ûҪ
õһ⡣
õֻ֣ͬðѺһ·ûȡǵԷĲ춼˲ʧ޲ðŮѹ
ȻȻرʵһõҲ˻ᣬ״κͬǴ˸档
ҺãŮѡõ󷽷شк
˶ѺãΧܺá
һֱ׵ĵ
Բˡ٣һ۾ƳϵĴ绨˺ܴ˼
ƽʱһ鹤ͬ¡
׵ĴŴȫƽʱķƯƯԵ̫⡣
õһʱ˶ԷڱǶʱܴ绰ѧá
ԷŹ⣬۵ϲӶѡԼĿȴûе⡣
״õ΢΢ü
ôˣһֱעŰõ״Сѯʣϰ𣿡
Ͼ˶԰õ˵İˣӦҲġ
ûСõҡҡͷǸо˼ġ
ͬ°ʽλڻɴĳԵ޶ˡ
õ嶼棬ŬѧϰһֱɿǸ̵ʱ˵϶ԼͬΡ
̨ϣ˵ĸ׿޵ģһλ˵ࡣ
飬̨ϳֵֻǰ׷˻֥߰õ΢һ°֥˲伦Ƥ첲
ǰֻ̨֥ǰ׷ˣǴŻ޵ñ̨λû̫У԰׷˵ѹֻӦԡ
ô붼Ρ
ǱҪ𣿡̲סƫͷ塣
ӵÿ죺ҪǲϲǿֱԹ
һ˵꣬˶һ¡
ǽȴСĴ򷭾Ʊ˵˼
˼˼׾ͨ죬æֽŪʪ档
ȴС⣬Сĵؿ壺ѧ㣬Ҫ𣿡
õ΢
Ҫ׼ϲģʱҪǳϣⱻ˼
䴽һЦء
㶣壬Ȼѧû˵ܾѧͻȻμӻǴ˵Ƿ˼ġ
ϵûʲô֪𰸡
ֻõͷûٶ˵
ҪǸһ͸ûϻش߻ˣƫƫ֮ǰ廹ǲ۸Ůѣû˿
һӾˡ
õû̫⣬ֻעŻ񡣵ȻڻعԢĳϡ
塣
źƵĹͷƫͷõ㲻𣿡
ûУеۡõ̲ס̾ϢֻΪ˶оۣԼǸôѽ
˺ĸ׿޳һŵĳ棬Ȼĸ׹ϵܺá
΢
Ƭ̣ʣأ˹ϵô𣿡
˻һõ㶮˼Ͱ׷˰֥ϵô嶼֪ʵȻǰ֥ǣļˡ
á˳ǣҸ׺ٹңĸ׵ʱ̣ܾܽҲˣҺ
ĸӵĳ浽ðõûȴߵǿҡ


94 ⡤
, ʱĺܲЩĸﵽôģԼ, Ϊʲôܻò⣬Զ񶨺һУԶñ˼ҵĺӲġ
Դ˼ҺӵΪĺϣƫƫǽвѡ
һֱĸԾɾԭ
һζرԹΪʲô˼ҵĺӾͲƫƫᡣ̫飬ʲôˡ
õ
ڰõǶλʱ˼̧, ŷֲ֪ʲôʱѳͣסˡ
ԷԼ
ţӦ
һ˲סԺᶨ˵, , ġ
ʱ, Щ֪ΪʲôõܰԼ, Ϊʲôʱʱؿ϶ԼԼġ
žԼܹ꣬ŸŰɡ
ǰõԼ, ڰõԼɡʱԸԾɻУû뿪
, ҲǰõҪӵɡĵΣֵ̫
, Ƕġ
õŴ壬ɿԼϵĴѾڣԾֻСȸ
ȻҺ͸ĸϵ㲻׽λʦ˵õЦûϵͳƣ˵ţ˵ܻ᲻ţλǳʦú񡣡
ס
ĵ׸˼ֻǵλʦ𣿡
ȻɵΪõλʦ
⼸õʲô̬ǿģҲ֪õΪˣ֪϶ѶʦľƼӵϡ
Щ
õͷλʦʦѣҲĸס
ܿһ䣺ͥŮ˫ȫòҲġ
˵о⳶ЩԶתƻ⣬ҲĬûʡ
һת۾͵˰õ졣
õ鰲͡
ȥʱȴͻȻ˵ж˹Ԣ
Ȼȥȡ𣿡
СõûɣֻΪǰѸԼ׼˹Ԣ
һֱ򿪹ԢţŷֹԢѾȫ˸ӡ
˵̺ʻشʼͨһ·Ƭ
ÿһξ룬̺ϾһСУõƤһϺеַʽԷӳÿ
ôõЦ
ǿװ򶨣㲻뿴ʲô𣿡
ԣõܸӵǰߣһӡϹЦĵģеĶȴׯ档
һŵһڡʽǰõûĿܾ£ŻЩ졣
壺ģ
šͷָʯЩ⼸꣬˸տʼļΣÿһҶкúñ档
Լ˼˵ڡǰõĻ˵ܶܶࡣ
ôʲôᰡ塣ָŹ꣬Ŵסĵ׻ڵϲá
ûӦֻϽӹڣ֣µشͷϣ
õԶеСҿԵԶʿ
õţĺ촽ϣţȻû͸㣬壬Ҵûа㵱ʿҵҲ㵱𣿡
ΪʿͬҪ˱۰Ĺ
岻ÿɷһǰ棺㲻뿴һ׼ʲô𣿡
ţ
õһôأĻʲô
ǼǰߣǼſһ·ȴⱻЩƬ
һЩǺգһЩĵգһЩǷ羰աֻ֣Ļ䡣
⼸кһĻ䶼ЩƬʻ
ڶС
ŷָոյк涼Ųһֻ棬Լġ
ոǸһСŮסһСŮĻ档СŮŻ͸һСŮ
˶ȴûʳڣֻ֣صزš
װŵһƯ
׹һõ廨״ƯССõ廨ҲԵþƯ˵Ҳǳ֡
ӺóԸõϣõڰȫһĻ͸㣬ףԶ绨һġ
ľګľͷȻ˵ôЩۿȵĻõס֣ǧﵽ׹ں䣬û
ļĶһֱ򿪣ͫ΢
ͷɴ
סһʱ֮
ڰõĹѾͷɴںɢ䡣
ǣס֣һһһС
ѺóĽָ󣬰ǰõ޸Һ𣿡
õ΢΢ۡ
֪飬Ϊ˽飬׼˺ܶ࣬û뵽ᱻһ
һġ
ĬãЦð
ǣԼָǸʯĽָϣס塣
壬ȷԼҪҽ𣿡ᣬǰʱҺ˵ҵĸףҵļͥ𣿡
رúܽš
ʱİõȴ̾Ź˵һ仰Ķӻ򶴡
㲻ĸס
̿ڡ
ļᶨðõסһʵϱҲãⱲҲգûô
ǵһ
žİֹЪԭɡ
ɿ壬ָֽ̧ǰ˻Σʽܼ򵥣ȴܴŹ⣬ߵúܣ黹ͦá
ֻ黹ûС
ҴӦˡõ̧ûľܾ壬סĸ첲Цü䣬ȥòͣ𣿡
һĲ̫һ飬ȥԷðõ⡣
õû̫ʱ䣬Ҫߡ
ͣͷɴڡ
ûϵõ˷ڣЦü䣬֪Ҫ˲𣿡
˵ţֳһЩ⣬΢ŮڣôƯ϶ƣ˵ǰɣ
ı̲ס䴽ǵ㲻ɢ˴룬ͷţǸǿ
õӦ飬ȶԺͲǰõŮѣδޡ
뵽ϵЦ
Ҳ¥ֻû뵽˵ʱ򣬲Ѿš
°𣿡һƬüͷֻĹ򣬲ôȲֱ°ˣ
ɣõ˵ţţ֨һűƿ׵Ц⣬ͷϹȣû
üͷøܲʶ߬סõ󣺡вԱֻȴ绰ʡ
ſˣʲôѽõֱǽȥͺˡ
˵žҪȥ
֮еסȻǰں档
ıӰõ˹ǣһϢԱ
Ǿŵ˲䣬յС洦ɼƯõ廨
ͷվϲ
ûкͲ˹ͨԶǰ׷˻֥߰⡣˵ţѰõƵǰ档
õȴתľϲ
Ѿûˣõǣ֣һһߵشǰ
̧¥棬ղ֪ʱǵŵƹ˻
ۣЩƻ㼯Լ֡
֡
һ仰
壬ԶİõԸ޸ңΪԶҵ
ͬʱеͶȫ仰
壬Զİõõ׼õĽָóĿ°Ը޸ңΪԶҵ𣿡
û뵽֮ǰ׼Ǿ仰á
Ӧ飬ȷİõڵѯʱ̧۵׵Ц壬㡭
û˵꣬ѾڣԸ⣡
˼룬˵ţԸΪֻڰõ塣
˵һ˲ڵҹſƯ̻
õԼ׼Ľָϣ档
ܶ߻ڿ׵ķʽȣʮǧ
֪УԼռǿԲѡߵķʽ
鷽ʽȣԵûʵ
ᡣҹеĨ⣬ǰδеҺϲ
̰ڰõεİ⣬һΣյıȦơ
ţ̧Լ֣ϵĽָЦü:õǻҸġ
ٻЦôģõЦݸȾǰ׹ȥ:ţһҸġ


95 
治֪õ˼ӵĸȢϱƯĻѪŮһ߳ԼϵĻͯ, һߺطۡ
һ룬žͱһ
ûò
ߵ, ˸ԡ
Ȼһ룬ͻȻһԼһѱ䵽˶Է
裡
㾪ģ
ϲɰֻϴЦԹԵͯȥĺʷɾˡ
㣺
Ǹ裡һҪ¸ĸףĸ׿Ŀ
շ߷ţĸ׵𣿡
ĸף˲ҵĹǣѭȥһ߹ȥһ߸״, Ǵ͵ҳգ
Щƣŵ۾Ͷ䶼˺ܴĸơ۾ֻϿ嶫ͳ졣
ú˵֣ۣŮϵһ¡
ѽ
ٴסǸϤĵط, ίͲܻطѽҪĸˣ
ϲ߹ȥס, һۣ, ҰһҲŪ, ԳЩ

ҭ˵ˡ
ǰõĽӡֱڰ׼ׯ԰Уıͺܶ, ׯ԰õ÷ǳÿ
һ㣬֡ﲻģ㡣
֪
ȷʵܹ, ʹԾɺܺõİѻͯú
ָİõ, ϲĪŰõ͵͸Ļ档
ڵŲԸѰõ͵Ķת˰ɣ
뵽̲סЦ
ţͻȻǵĻ̫͵
õ񶼺ܸߵߵĽ
𣿡
΢΢üǲ̫͵ң˸ߵ͵ΣԼġ
ϲ˼Ǿίˡ
õǵĻõͦ죬ûпɿĻڣҲûЩʵ̣һһֱܲ
ϲɱŰŻĹԢ
ǰͰһķӣҾʲôĶð죬סͦ˼
ֻǾȻûҵĶ
Ǻ۾㣬ôϹܣüͷܼңȥ԰
ܼӦ԰ߡ
Ȼ˽ĻǰšĨӰ˲䣬ܼ˿æ߹ȥС㣬㡭
ߵýЩǰĳű
ǰվһһЩŮСɫƤԵС⽡ͷʹ϶˼ˬ
ףȻ㣬Ǿ´ټɡ˵ţŮվϲڵĻңŹָָܼŵȣˤһӣϥˤˣǵҩ
һ⻰ܼƤһæȥ˴С㣬û°ɣ
û¡šüûκιʵ۾Ŀǰסˤӵġ
ţ
ܼסʲô£
ܼңûӦŭû˵Ļ𣿡
ܼͷۼˣӽ궮࣬淢ƢͰ״С㶼еһƴ
ֻÿǸССԵһЩʱ𣿡
ƾʲôСȴ⣬ͶҪȼˡ
ƺܼӦС˭ҵĺӡԲԭСֻλ¬Сĺӡ
Сģһļҳǲ뿪ġ
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õľܴˡ
ߡ
ۿŽֲ£ܼƤӺݺһ飬æȥú˵˵
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䣬ɫԻ
㲢ǸƽϵˣΣԸܵԷĶ⡣Ӧ죬ͲֻˤϥǺĵˡ
ĲˣȻ׾ٵطŹ
һһ飬Ӷȥء
¬Ӻ׿ҲѾϹܼҰ˵һ飬¬˲ɫ
ܼңȻЩƤֻӡ
Ǹ¬С㣬Сҧ˵ǰƵģϷˡѾӶȥأǲ֪ԵƬ̡
û취ֻ
С㣬϶ᡣ¬̲סǲˡ
֣һ
ȻǵС񻹼ǵòԭʱ⺢ΪԼֱ޵Ļ档
̲סѵòΪ˱ˤӵĳɣ
ǣ
ȻŹȥһ꣬ǼԺãһѣ˲ͼʱ¡
ûСϣЩί˵˲ңҺķ㣬ôأ
򴽣Щ޴롣
֣ȥǵԴ
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ǰǣ˵˵ӦҲӣ󣬳Ҳͬ˸ߣλãǸԼˡ
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˲һһµԾɳţŪˡ
ͷ۸ôס˵ĹܼһŪˣ
䣬ȥصӶ˼ҴҸ¼ƬεݵܼǰܼѸɨȥ
ȷ˹ư㡣
ǶԷǲμһӣŴҲܾ°ӦļҵСү
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Щ³ȻȰСܴһӾͰѰ
ȻֺǱŵ˺ü룬һɣˤ˻ȥ
ܼң
Ҳѹְᡣ
һԵƬ̣ûܼҵµԼŪˣǣҲԣ㣬ҸԲ𡣡
˵Żһ
ϹϲɺͰÿǸģʱ˿
ϾͰõĿˣҪֳѿ
ܼǰƵݸϲɺͰſǴ
ҳ⺢ӣסǸİĺưľϲһȥ
ȻòǺУҲȷǸ˵Ķһ¡
ס㣬Ҫļ䣬ؼǰǸСķȴһ£ʱ˿Ѹٵ:˵ҺӵİǻˣǱǸ
һ˰š
ҵԾǶԣǴΪԼǮߵǷǺڰס
ûϵ¬ҡҡͷֿǣǣҲûϵԲԣ
ԣǳĬ˼룬ȴǷ:ҲûϵҸокܴĹϵǱԩˣǸҪãҪʲô
ûκοѹͣȻȻش˰Ķ
ѾǸˣԷġԷԼ֮ǰЩɫҲѿȥڣϿ:
ô
ҪǮ
ǵǸԭƺƫԶûҪһǮǲܸ
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ҪˣϲͻȻڣӣҺѧ
ϼҡ
¬ӱʵ٣˸²⡣ϲɵǾʶҪһЩ
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ĽԴȻҪȴԭĺãԭѧУʦû΢Ĺʿ֧š
ҪûŮ飬úӳˡ
׿ôģ
¬ӿԼӣϴЩңϵڱ̫𾪣̲סӵĿ
˼ǣðѧ׿ֱԼ仰
Ȼϲɵͷǿ԰ѧ⡣
ѧУͦϸһ㺢ӽȥΪҲͷ˺ܾáðǴڲԭҲֻڲԭһӡ
׿úԺ棬úԼһû뿪缸ΣԵø롣
лл㣬ϲɡ¬żԼӦ̫˿ЦͷۺӵأҺ׿Ѿ׼ȰǴЩСѧʱ׷֪ҪȥѧУѧЩѣһֱĺӵѧ⡣
ܰﵽǾͺáϲЦŵͷĿڰϣֿ۰㣬ǵʱزģǿðϤϤ
ԣüͷҪ˵־ͱסԼĸףĬĬѻʻȥ
Ȱ˶ˣŲ̫˵ؿڣȻҵĴôܲҵ͸ҽôһ鷳
һ뵽ǸСǹɴ󾢣̲סͷۡ
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ҽϲɱŰԱˡ
ƵǲأǸ˵ĺӶҪǲѵһֻ档
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ѻԩңȥҪǰʵڲϲʱٰ˾ˡ
ŵͷš
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볡ʱҲûǸĺӽ
ԵѰζˡ
ϲ׻һ˼ö˶˵ôҰ鷳
ŰŻطϢϸѯʣȷ϶飬ûС
ûС϶˼ֹŹ֣ѧǴ󲿷ڼңĹС
۾ȻȥͨѧУҲԸȥѧУȡ˸еķӣڼ˽֪̽ʶȥѧУ߸
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⼸꣬ż̳ҵݣƽݱǲμһЩС
Լⳡϼ˵Ƕ࣬ȺˣܷѾ˼ȥʰһӡ
Ժظһ֡
ϲɫ˰óֻͼõߵŮӶҴҵظ

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